bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on bath and horn ultrasound‐assisted modification of bentonite and their effects on the bleaching efficiency of soybean and sunflower oil: Machine learning as a new approach for mathematical modeling
Authors: Abedi Elahe , Sayadi Mehran , Mousavifard Maryam , Roshanzamir Farzad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effect of high‐power bath and horn ultrasound at different powers on specific surface area (SBET), total pore volume (Vtotal), and average pore volume (Dave) of bleaching clay was examined. After subjecting the bleaching clay to ultrasonication treatment, the SBET values demonstrated an escalation from 31.4 ± 2.7 m2 g−1 to 59.8 ± 3.1 m2 g−1 for HU200BC, 143.8 ± 3.9 m2 g−1 for HU400BC, 54.4 ± 3.6 m2 g−1 for BU400BC, and 137.5 ± 2.8 m2 g−1 for BU800BC. The mean pore diameter (Dave) declined from 29.7 ± 0.14 nm in bleaching clay to 11.3 ± 0.13 nm in HU200BC, 8.3 ± 0.12 nm in HU400BC, 16.7 ± 0.14 nm in BU400BC, and 9.6 ± 0.12 nm in BU800BC. Therefore, horn ultrasound‐treated bleaching clay significantly increased SBET and Vtotal, indicating improved adsorption capacity. Moreover, to establish the relationship between bleaching parameters, seven multi‐output ML regression models of Feedforward Neural Network (FNN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Multi‐Task Lasso, Ridge regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Gradient Boosting are used, and compared with response surface methodology (RSM). ML has revolutionized the understanding of complex relationships between ultrasonic parameters, oil color, and pigment degradation, providing insights into how various factors such as temperature, ultrasonic power, and time can influence the bleaching process, ultimately enhancing the efficiency and precision of the treatment. The XGBoost model showed outstanding performance in predicting the target variables with a high R2‐train up to 1, R2‐test up to .983, and a minimum mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.498. The lower error between the predicted and experimental values implies the superiority of the XGBoost model to predict outcomes rather than RSM. It represents the suitability of bath ultrasound as a mild condition for low‐pigmented oil bleaching. Finally, the Bayesian optimization method in conjunction with XGBoost was used to optimize the amount of bleaching clay and energy consumption, and its performance was compared with RSM. It was observed that the consumption of bleaching clay was reduced by approximately 60% for sunflower oil and 30%–35% for soybean oil.
Polygenic hazard score models for the prediction of Alzheimer's free survival using the lasso for Cox's proportional hazards model
Authors: Hahn Georg , Prokopenko Dmitry , Hecker Julian , Lutz Sharon M. , Mullin Kristina , Tanzi Rudolph E. , DeSantis Stacia , Lange Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe prediction of the susceptibility of an individual to a certain disease is an important and timely research area. An established technique is to estimate the risk of an individual with the help of an integrated risk model, that is, a polygenic risk score with added epidemiological covariates. However, integrated risk models do not capture any time dependence, and may provide a point estimate of the relative risk with respect to a reference population. The aim of this work is twofold. First, we explore and advocate the idea of predicting the time‐dependent hazard and survival (defined as disease‐free time) of an individual for the onset of a disease. This provides a practitioner with a much more differentiated view of absolute survival as a function of time. Second, to compute the time‐dependent risk of an individual, we use published methodology to fit a Cox's proportional hazard model to data from a genetic SNP study of time to Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset, using the lasso to incorporate further epidemiological variables such as sex, APOE (apolipoprotein E, a genetic risk factor for AD) status, 10 leading principal components, and selected genomic loci. We apply the lasso for Cox's proportional hazards to a data set of 6792 AD patients (composed of 4102 cases and 2690 controls) and 87 covariates. We demonstrate that fitting a lasso model for Cox's proportional hazards allows one to obtain more accurate survival curves than with state‐of‐the‐art (likelihood‐based) methods. Moreover, the methodology allows one to obtain personalized survival curves for a patient, thus giving a much more differentiated view of the expected progression of a disease than the view offered by integrated risk models. The runtime to compute personalized survival curves is under a minute for the entire data set of AD patients, thus enabling it to handle datasets with 60,000–100,000 subjects in less than 1 h.
Ablation of oligodendrogenesis in adult mice alters brain microstructure and activity independently of behavioral deficits
Authors: Kaller Malte S. , Lazari Alberto , Feng Yingshi , van der Toorn Annette , Rühling Sebastian , Thomas Christopher W. , Shimizu Takahiro , Bannerman David , Vyazovskiy Vladyslav , Richardson William D. , Sampaio‐Baptista Cassandra , Johansen‐Berg Heidi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOligodendrocytes continue to differentiate from their precursor cells even in adulthood, a process that can be modulated by neuronal activity and experience. Previous work has indicated that conditional ablation of oligodendrogenesis in adult mice leads to learning and memory deficits in a range of behavioral tasks. The current study replicated and re‐evaluated evidence for a role of oligodendrogenesis in motor learning, using a complex running wheel task. Further, we found that ablating oligodendrogenesis alters brain microstructure (ex vivo MRI) and brain activity (in vivo EEG) independent of experience with the task. This suggests a role for adult oligodendrocyte formation in the maintenance of brain function and indicates that task‐independent changes due to oligodendrogenesis ablation need to be considered when interpreting learning and memory deficits in this model.
Connexin 30 locally controls actin cytoskeleton and mechanical remodeling in motile astrocytes
Authors: Ghézali Grégory , Ribot Jérôme , Curry Nathan , Pillet Laure‐Elise , Boutet‐Porretta Flora , Mozheiko Daria , Calvo Charles‐Félix , Ezan Pascal , Perfettini Isabelle , Lecoin Laure , Janel Sébastien , Zapata Jonathan , Escartin Carole , Etienne‐Manneville Sandrine , Kaminski Clemens F. , Rouach Nathalie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDuring brain maturation, astrocytes establish complex morphologies unveiling intense structural plasticity. Connexin 30 (Cx30), a gap‐junction channel‐forming protein expressed postnatally, dynamically regulates during development astrocyte morphological properties by controlling ramification and extension of fine processes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. Here, we found in vitro that Cx30 interacts with the actin cytoskeleton in astrocytes and inhibits its structural reorganization and dynamics during cell migration. This translates into an alteration of local physical surface properties, as assessed by correlative imaging using stimulated emission depletion (STED) super resolution imaging and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Specifically, Cx30 impaired astrocyte cell surface topology and cortical stiffness in motile astrocytes. As Cx30 alters actin organization, dynamics, and membrane physical properties, we assessed whether it controls astrocyte migration. We found that Cx30 reduced persistence and directionality of migrating astrocytes. Altogether, these data reveal Cx30 as a brake for astrocyte structural and mechanical plasticity.
Free flap reconstruction following head and neck trauma
Authors: Sweeny Larissa , Kane Anne C. , Thomas Carissa M. , Futran Neal , Curry Joseph M. , Bur Andrés M. , Lu G Nina , Shukla Aishwarya , Skoog Hunter , Pena Garcia Jaime A. , Alnemri Angela E. , Alapati Rahul , DiLeo Michael , Fuson Andrew , Tan Kenneth , Taghizadeh Farshid , Jefferson Gina D. , Petrisor Daniel , Wax Mark K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundFree flap (FF) reconstruction of traumatic injuries to the head and neck is uncommon.MethodsMulti‐institutional retrospective case series of patients undergoing FF reconstruction for a traumatic injury (n = 103).ResultsMajority were gunshot wounds (GSW; 85%, n = 88) and motor vehicle accidents (11%, n = 11). Majority underwent osseous reconstruction (82%, n = 84). FF failures (9%, n = 9/103) occurred in GSW patients (100%, n = 9/9) and when multiple subsites were injured (89%, n = 8/9). Preoperative antibiotics correlated with lower rates of a neck washouts (4% vs. 19%) (p = 0.01) and 30‐day readmissions (4% vs. 17%) (p = 0.02).ConclusionsAll FF failures occurred in the setting of a GSW and the majority involved multiple subsites. Preoperative antibiotics correlated with lower rates of postoperative washout procedures and 30‐day readmission.
Thyroid auto‐antibodies in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients: A cross sectional study
Authors: Poursadeghfard Maryam , Mallahzadeh Arashk , Hamidi Ava , Owjfard Maryam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS). It has been proposed that autoimmune conditions may occur together and an individual's immune system may attack more than one system. Autoimmune thyroid disease is one of the most common comorbidities along with MS. Since thyroid hormones are crucial for normal brain function and remyelination, we aimed to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in a group of MS patients compared with healthy controls.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in medical clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, South of Iran. To prevent the effects of MS modifying drugs on thyroid function, we examined 73 newly diagnosed MS patients, which had not been treated yet, compared to 72 healthy individuals.ResultsAfter measurement of the serum level of TSH, Anti TPO‐Ab, and Anti TG‐Ab, we found a significantly higher prevalence rate of abnormal TSH levels (high or low) in the MS group (p = 0.02). We also found a higher frequency of thyroid dysfunction in the female MS group (p = 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the two other anti‐thyroid antibodies among the groups. Our results demonstrate a significant and positive linear relationship between age and TSH levels (R = 0.402; p < 0.001) and also age and Anti TPO‐Ab levels (R = 0.397; p < 0.001) among the MS population.ConclusionWe found a higher prevalence of TSH alteration among the MS population. Anti TPO‐Ab and Anti TG‐Ab levels did not differ among groups. These findings suggest that MS patients might be at an increased risk for thyroid dysfunction. However, further studies are required to determine the underlying cause. The linear relationship between age and TSH and Anti TPO‐Ab levels in MS patients suggest that there is an association between TSH dysfunction and age.
Cross‐Species Segmentation of Animal Prostate Using a Human Prostate Dataset and Limited Preoperative Animal Images: A Sampled Experiment on Dog Prostate Tissue
Authors: Yang Yang , Ko Seong Young 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIn the development of medical devices and surgical robot systems, animal models are often used for evaluation, necessitating accurate organ segmentation. Deep learning‐based image segmentation provides a solution for automatic and precise organ segmentation. However, a significant challenge in this approach arises from the limited availability of training data for animal models. In contrast, human medical image datasets are readily available. To address this imbalance, this study proposes a fine‐tuning approach that combines a limited set of animal model images with a comprehensive human image dataset. Various postprocessing algorithms were applied to ensure that the segmentation results met the positioning requirements for the evaluation of a medical robot under development. As one of the target applications, magnetic resonance images were used to determine the position of the dog's prostate, which was then used to determine the target location of the robot under development. The MSD TASK5 dataset was used as the human dataset for pretraining, which involved a modified U‐Net network. Ninety‐nine pretrained backbone networks were tested as encoders for U‐Net. The cross‐training validation was performed using the selected network backbone. The highest accuracy, with an IoU score of 0.949, was achieved using the independent validation set from the MSD TASK5 human dataset. Subsequently, fine‐tuning was performed using a small set of dog prostate images, resulting in the highest accuracy of an IoU score of 0.961 across different cross‐validation groups. The processed results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach for accurate prostate segmentation.
Ultrabroadband two‐beam coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering and spontaneous Raman spectroscopy of organic fluids: A comparative study
Authors: Koch Timea , Ackermann Roland , Stoecker Axel , Meyer‐Zedler Tobias , Gabler Thomas , Lippoldt Tom , Missbach‐Guentner Jeannine , Russmann Christoph , Popp Jürgen , Nolte Stefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpontaneous Raman spectroscopy is a well‐established diagnostic tool, allowing for the identification of all Raman active species with a single measurement. Yet, it may suffer from low‐signal intensity and fluorescent background. In contrast, coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) offers laser‐like signals, but the traditional approach lacks the multiplex capability of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy. We present an ultrabroadband CARS setup which aims at exciting the full spectrum (300–3700 cm−1) of biological molecules. A dual‐output optical parametric amplifier provides a ~7 fs pump/Stokes and a ~700 fs probe pulse. CARS spectra of DMSO, ethanol, and methanol show great agreement with spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and superiority in fluorescent environments. The spectral resolution proves sufficient to differentiate between the complex spectra of L‐proline and hydroxyproline. Moreover, decay constants in the sub picosecond range are determined for individual Raman transitions, providing an additional approach for sample characterization.
Psychometric synthesis of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)
Authors: Chen Yutong , Wills Leann , Wise Hannah , Erford Bradley T. , Yao Ruonan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHazardous or harmful alcohol use is very prevalent among the US population. With 15.1 million adults in the United States currently identified as having an alcohol use disorder, identifying hazardous and harmful drinking earlier is necessary for early intervention strategies. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test's (AUDIT) strong psychometric properties lead it to be a screening tool of choice across countries, cultures, and subgroups. A psychometric analysis aggregates all available evidence of reliability and validity to support the use of an instrument for screening, diagnosis, and treatment planning. AUDIT internal consistency for the 10‐item total scale was α = 0.817 (n = 247,963). The two‐factor model had the most structure validity support and aggregated convergent validity comparisons with other alcohol use assessments ranged from r = 0.578 to r = 0.701. The optimal cutoff score for diagnostic validity was 6/7, rather than the 8 recommended by the AUDIT authors. Clinically appropriate use and interpretation of the AUDIT as well as study limitations and suggestions for future research were discussed.
The impact of an aging simulation program for dental students in two community dental clinics
Authors: Patel Simmi , Akinlotan Marvellous A. , Nimmons Katy , Burch Dan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeClinicians who have not experienced the difficulties that come with aging or disability may be unable to relate to the limitations and experiences of afflicted patients, which is necessary to improve patient–provider connection and treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of an aging‐simulation experience on improving dental students’ awareness of aging‐related limitations, examine the students’ perceptions, and assess planned patient‐care modifications based on the aging‐simulation experience.MethodsA total of 78 dental students who rotated through two extramural clinic sites from August 2021 through October 2022 completed pre‐simulation surveys, donned aging simulators in the dental operatory, initiated pre‐defined tasks and their corresponding modifications, completed a post‐simulation survey, and completed a reflection questionnaire containing structured and open‐ended questions. Quantitative responses were analyzed using descriptive frequencies and paired sample t‐tests, whereas thematic analyses were used to interpret free‐text portion of the reflection questionnaire.ResultsStudent awareness of the impact of the four aging‐related disabilities improved after the experience. Visual impairment was identified as the most difficult symptom to experience during simulation. Students reported increased feelings of empathy and acknowledged the effectiveness of clinical practice modifications to accommodate elderly patients with limitations. Students also expressed intentions to make similar modifications in their future clinical practice and the need for exposure to longer periods of simulated experiences to further clinical practice modifications for elderly patients.ConclusionThe aging‐simulation experience is an effective tool for raising dental students’ awareness of aging‐related difficulties, the need for clinical practice modifications, and increasing empathy.
Differential phagocytic expression of IC‐21 macrophages and their scavenging receptors during inflammatory induction by oxysterol: A microscopic approach
Authors: Duraisamy Parimalanandhini , Ravi Sangeetha , Martin Livya Catherene , Kumaresan Manikandan , Manikandan Beulaja , Ramar Manikandan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhagocytosis by macrophages dates back to a long history in science, this present study deals with new approaches that have been analyzed and standardized towards the interesting aspects of primary and secondary macrophages. The distinct morphological differences in primary and secondary phagocytic cells were observed and the phagocytic response of secondary macrophages under the influence of 7‐ketocholesterol and lipopolysaccharide was analyzed. The primary peritoneal and secondary IC‐21 cells unveiled explicit differences in nuclear numbers shapes and sizes of the granules present within the cytoplasmic region. Further, potent inducers 7KCh and LPS influenced an effective activation of IC‐21 macrophages and resulted in ROS generation, irregulated protein expressions of CD86, CD68, and CD206 with enhanced phagocytic responses towards goat, cow, and human RBC targets with significant phagocytic rate and index were observed. Moreover, a remarkable observation of target specificity and aggregations with IC‐21 phagocytic macrophages revealed the notion that specific membrane receptors and secretory molecules (lysosomes) are primarily involved in their phagocytic mechanism.Research Highlights
IC‐21 macrophages are peritoneal origin from mice but the primary peritoneal macrophages and cell line show distinct differences.
IC‐21 macrophages express target‐specific phagocytosis.
Phagocytosis in IC‐21 macrophages is regulated by CD markers (68, 86, and 206).
Potential mechanism of gallic acid‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles against associated genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule, antibacterial and antibiofilm
Authors: Khaleel Dhuha S. , Mutter Thamer Y. , Huang Xing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAntibiotic resistance has increased in recent years, especially for pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae. Discovering and developing new drugs is challenging due to the high resistance of pathogens. Metal nanoparticles have been widely used in recent years to overcome and treat infections. Gallic acid‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs‐GA) were synthesized in a simple and cost‐effective method. The morphology characteristics of synthesized IONPs‐GA were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. IONPs were mostly spherical in shape with sizes ranging between 32 and 61 nm. All analyses used in this study confirmed the successful coating of gallic acid to iron oxide. Biological activities were studied phenotypically and on the molecular level, including antibacterial, antibiofilm, and mRNA levels of capsule‐associated genes. The results showed high antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles against different G+ve and G−ve bacteria. The highest activity was recorded against Staphylococcus aureus (43 mm) and K. pneumoniae (22 mm). The MIC of IONPs against K. pneumoniae was 3.12 mg/mL and SEM analysis showed adhering the IONPs‐GA to the cell surface of K. pneumoniae resulted in disrupting the cell membrane. Different concentrations of sub‐MIC inhibited K. pneumoniae biofilm formation with the highest inhibition percentage at ½ × MIC (66.86%). Also, the synthesized IONPs‐GA differently affected the regulation and mRNA level of capsule‐associated genes in K. pneumoniae. The results indicated that IONPs‐GA could be useful in biological applications such as in drug delivery and treatment wide range of pathogens.Research Highlights
Gallic acid was successfully coated into iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized in a simple way.
IONPs‐GA was morphologically characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM.
Evaluation the activity of IONPs‐GA as antibacterial, antibiofilm, and study the potential level of mRNA affected by IONPs‐GA