bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Species of Grotea (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Labeninae) from Ecuador, with New Records and a Key to the Neotropical Species
Authors: Mazón Marina , Bordera Santiago , Broad Gavin R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHere we describe two new Grotea species from Ecuador, G. akakana Mazón & Bordera sp. nov., and G. romeri Mazón sp. nov., as well as the male of G. cundinamarquesa Herrera-Flórez 2018. G. akakanasp. nov. is characterized by the combination of a postgenal process long, a 45-flagellomeres antenna without a white band and a mesopleuron black with two yellow spots separated by a red one. On the other hand, G. romerisp. nov. is characterized by the combination of a postgenal process very short, a 36-flagellomeres antenna without a white band, a propodeum with a long and narrow area lateralis, uninterrupted yellow-colored orbits and a mesopleuron black with a yellow spot in the middle. The species G. santandereana Herrera-Flórez 2018 and G. surinamese Herrera-Flórez 2019 are recorded from Ecuador for the first time. This brings the total of described Grotea species to 31, all from the New World, with 27 of these exclusively Neotropical. A key for the identification of Neotropical species is included.
Youth and climate crisis: participation and learning in complex, adaptive systems
Authors: Spannring Reingard , Waechter Natalia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Friday for Future school strikes have vividly demonstrated young people’s concern for the rapidly deteriorating life and survival chances of future generations of human and nonhuman beings. The young people’s ambivalence between despair and hope, feelings of powerlessness and empowerment challenge us to recognise the complexity and dynamic not only of ecosystems but of socio-ecological systems and to question the mechanistic and linear thinking often prevalent in youth research and education science. This thinkbite invites readers to consider young people’s experiences with the climate crisis and (climate change) education through the perspective of Complex Adaptive System Theory to open up learning space for more wholesome and creative responses to the challenge.
Continual few-shot patch-based learning for anime-style colorization
Authors: Maejima Akinobu , Shinagawa Seitaro , Kubo Hiroyuki , Funatomi Takuya , Yotsukura Tatsuo , Nakamura Satoshi , Mukaigawa Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe automatic colorization of anime line drawings is a challenging problem in production pipelines. Recent advances in deep neural networks have addressed this problem; however, collectingmany images of colorization targets in novel anime work before the colorization process starts leads to chicken-and-egg problems and has become an obstacle to using them in production pipelines. To overcome this obstacle, we propose a new patch-based learning method for few-shot anime-style colorization. The learning method adopts an efficient patch sampling technique with position embedding according to the characteristics of anime line drawings. We also present a continuous learning strategy that continuously updates our colorization model using new samples colorized by human artists. The advantage of our method is that it can learn our colorization model from scratch or pre-trained weights using only a few pre- and post-colorized line drawings that are created by artists in their usual colorization work. Therefore, our method can be easily incorporated within existing production pipelines. We quantitatively demonstrate that our colorizationmethod outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Precipitation of secondary Laves phases and its effect on notch sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Wei-wei , Tan Yuan-guo , Lai Yu , Chen Qi , Zhou Yang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe precipitation of secondary Laves phases and its effect on notch sensitivity are systematically studied in Thermo-Span alloy. The results show that the precipitation peak temperature of secondary Laves phases is 925 °C. Below 925 °C, the volume fraction of secondary Laves phases increases with the rise of the temperature, and its morphology changes from granular to thin-film; above 925 °C, the volume fraction of secondary Laves phases shows an opposite trend to temperature, and its morphology changes from thin-film to granular. A detailed explanation through linear density (ρ) is provided that the influence of secondary Laves phases at the grain boundaries (GBs) on notch sensitivity depends on the coupling competition effect of their size, quantity, and morphology. Notably, the granular Laves phases are more beneficial to improving the notch sensitivity of the alloy compared with thin-film Laves phases. Granular secondary Laves phases can promote the formation of γ′ phases depletion zone to improve the ability of GBs to accommodate high strain localization, and effectively inhibit the crack initiation and propagation.
A General Coupled Derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger System: Darboux Transformation and Soliton Solutions
Authors: Kuang Yonghui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this work we present a general coupled derivative nonlinear Schrödinger system. We construct the corresponding N-fold Darboux transform and generalized Darboux transform. Under this construction, we give different soliton solutions and plot their figures describing the soliton characteristics and dynamical behaviors, including higher-order soliton and rouge wave solution etc.
Variation in Granular Frictional Resistance Across Nine Orders of Magnitude in Shear Velocity
Authors: Gou H. X. , Hu W. , Xu Q. , Chen Jianye , McSaveney M. J. , Breard Eric C. P. , Huang R. Q. , Wang Y. J. , Jia X. P. , Zhou L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDetermining the shear‐velocity dependence of dry granular friction can provide insight into the controlling variables in a dry granular friction law. Some laboratories believe that the quality of this study is at the forefront of the discipline for the following reasons. Results suggest that granular friction is greatly affected by shear‐velocity (v), but shear experiments over the large range of naturally occurring shear‐velocities are lacking. Herein we examined the shear velocity dependence of dry friction for three granular materials, quartz sand, glass beads and fluorspar, across nine orders of magnitude of shear velocity (10−8–2 m/s). Within this range, granular friction exhibited four regimes, following a broad approximate “m” shape including two velocity‐strengthening and two velocity‐weakening regimes. We discuss the possible physical mechanisms of each regime. This shear velocity dependence appeared to be universal for all particle types, shapes, sizes, and for all normal stresses over the tested range. We also found that ultra‐high frequency vibration as grain surfaces were scoured by micro‐chips were formed by spalling at high shear velocities, creating ∼20 μm diameter impact pits on particle surfaces. This study provides laboratory laws of a friction‐velocity (μ‐v) model for granular materials.
Ground‐Based Far Infrared Emissivity Measurements Using the Absolute Radiance Interferometer
Authors: Loveless M. , Adler D. , Best F. , Borbas E. , Huang X. , Knuteson R. , L'Ecuyer T. , Nalli N. R. , Olsen E. , Revercomb H. , Taylor J. K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFar infrared (FIR) emission from the Earth's polar regions has become an area of increasing scientific interest and value. FIR emission is important for understanding Earth's radiative balance and improving global climate models, especially in rapidly changing Arctic conditions. Far‐infrared emission from Earth is not currently being monitored from space, except as part of broadband emission channels of Earth radiation budget measurements like those from the CERES project, and only limited measurements in the FIR spectrum exist. The Absolute Radiance Interferometer (ARI), developed as a prototype of the infrared spectrometer for CLARREO at the University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, measures absolute spectrally resolved infrared (IR) radiance from 200 to 2,000 cm−1 (or 5–50 μm) at 0.5 cm−1 resolution with high accuracy (<0.1 K 3‐sigma brightness temperature at scene temperature). This instrument was taken into the field in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, during the winters of 2021 and 2022, where the weather can reach polar‐like conditions to measure high spectral resolution radiances of various sample types. Sample materials included water, snow, ice, evergreen leaves, dry grass, and sand, all characteristic of high latitude regions. Radiances collected from both a sky view and the sample view in clear‐sky conditions were used to retrieve FIR emissivity. This paper describes the ARI instrument configuration and capability for ground‐based measurements in the FIR region, and documents retrieved emissivities of various analyzed samples. The retrieved emissivity results are publicly available, and comparisons are made to simulated emissivity estimates.
Caspase-3 promotes oncogene-induced malignant transformation via EndoG-dependent Src-STAT3 phosphorylation
Authors: Zhu Chenchen , Fan Fushun , Li Chuan-Yuan , Xiong Yan , Liu Xinjian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that caspase-3 plays critical roles beyond apoptosis, serving pro-survival functions in malignant transformation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism of non-apoptotic action of caspase-3 in oncogenic transformation remains unclear. In the present study, we show that caspase-3 is consistently activated in malignant transformation induced by exogenous expression of oncogenic cocktail (c-Myc, p53DD, Oct-4, and H-Ras) in vitro as well as in the mouse mammary tumor virus-polyomavirus middle T antigen (MMTV-PyMT) mouse model of breast cancer. Genetic ablation of caspase-3 significantly attenuated oncogene-induced transformation of mammalian cells and delayed breast cancer progression in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice. Mechanistically, active caspase-3 triggers the translocation of endonuclease G (EndoG) from mitochondria, which migrates to the nucleus, thereby induces phosphorylation of Src-STAT3 signaling pathway to facilitate oncogenic transformation. Taken together, our data suggest that caspase-3 plays pivotal role in facilitating rather than suppressing oncogene-induced malignant transformation of mammalian cells.
IL-27 disturbs lipid metabolism and restrains mitochondrial activity to inhibit γδ T17 cell-mediated skin inflammation
Authors: Zhang Mingyue , Li Dehai , Zhu Jing , Xia Xue , Zhang Hua , Wu Jie , Wang Shengli , Deng Anyi , Wen Qiong , Tan Jingyi , Hao Jianlei , Jiang Jun , Bao Xiucong , Sun Guodong , Lu Jiajing , Yang Quanli , Yang Hengwen , Cao Guangchao , Yin Zhinan , Wang Qian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIL-17+ γδ T cells (γδ T17) are kick-starters of inflammation due to their strict immunosurveillance of xenobiotics or cellular damages and rapid response to pro-inflammatory stimulators. IL-27 is a well-recognized pleiotropic immune regulator with potent inhibitory effects on type 17 immune responses. However, its actions on γδ T17 mediated inflammation and the underlying mechanisms are less well understood. Here we find that IL-27 inhibits the production of IL-17 from γδ T cells. Mechanistically, IL-27 promotes lipolysis while inhibits lipogenesis, thus reduces the accumulation of lipids and subsequent membrane phospholipids, which leads to mitochondrial deactivation and ensuing reduction of IL-17. More importantly, Il27ra deficient γδ T cells are more pathogenic in an imiquimod-induced murine psoriasis model, while intracutaneous injection of rmIL-27 ameliorates psoriatic inflammation. In summary, this work uncovered the metabolic basis for the immune regulatory activity of IL-27 in restraining γδ T17 mediated inflammation, which provides novel insights into IL-27/IL-27Ra signaling, γδ T17 biology and the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
ZBP1 condensate formation synergizes Z-NAs recognition and signal transduction
Authors: Xie Feiyan , Wu Di , Huang Jing , Liu Xuehe , Shen Yanfang , Huang Jinqing , Su Zhipeng , Li Jixi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractZ-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is a crucial player in the intracellular recognition of Z-form nucleic acids (Z-NAs) through its Zαβ domain, initiating downstream interactions with RIPK1 and RIPK3 via RHIM domains. This engagement leads to the assembly of PANoptosomes, ultimately inducing programmed cell death to curb pathogen dissemination. How Zαβ and RHIM domain cooperate to trigger Z-NAs recognition and signal transduction remains unclear. Here, we show that ZBP1 condensate formation facilitates Z-NAs binding and antiviral signal transduction. The ZBP1 Zαβ dimerizes in a concentration-dependent manner, forming characteristic condensates in solutions evidenced by DLS and SAXS methods. ZBP1 exhibits a binding preference for 10-bp length CG (10CG) DNA and Z-RNA ligand, which in turn enhanced Zαβ dimerization, expediting the formation of droplet condensates in vitro and amyloid-like puncta in cells. Subsequent investigations reveal that Zαβ could form condensates with liquid-liquid phase separation property upon HSV and IAV infections, while full-length ZBP1 forms amyloid-like puncta with or without infections. Furthermore, ZBP1 RHIM domains show typical amyloidal fibril characterizations and cross-polymerize with RIPK1 depending on the core motif of 206IQIG209, while mutated ZBP1 could impede necroptosis and antiviral immunity in HT-29 cells. Thus, ZBP1 condensate formation facilitates the recognition of viral Z-NAs and activation of downstream signal transduction via synergic action of different domains, revealing its elaborated mechanism in innate immunity.
Catalytic properties of trivalent rare-earth oxides with intrinsic surface oxygen vacancy
Authors: Xu Kai , Liu Jin-Cheng , Wang Wei-Wei , Zhou Lu-Lu , Ma Chao , Guan Xuze , Wang Feng Ryan , Li Jun , Jia Chun-Jiang , Yan Chun-Hua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOxygen vacancy (Ov) is an anionic defect widely existed in metal oxide lattice, as exemplified by CeO2, TiO2, and ZnO. As Ov can modify the band structure of solid, it improves the physicochemical properties such as the semiconducting performance and catalytic behaviours. We report here a new type of Ov as an intrinsic part of a perfect crystalline surface. Such non-defect Ov stems from the irregular hexagonal sawtooth-shaped structure in the (111) plane of trivalent rare earth oxides (RE2O3). The materials with such intrinsic Ov structure exhibit excellent performance in ammonia decomposition reaction with surface Ru active sites. Extremely high H2 formation rate has been achieved at ~1 wt% of Ru loading over Sm2O3, Y2O3 and Gd2O3 surface, which is 1.5–20 times higher than reported values in the literature. The discovery of intrinsic Ov suggests great potentials of applying RE oxides in heterogeneous catalysis and surface chemistry.
Acquisition of molecular rolling lubrication by self-curling of graphite nanosheet at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Li Panpan , He Wenhao , Ju Pengfei , Ji Li , Liu Xiaohong , Wu Fan , Lu Zhibin , Li Hongxuan , Chen Lei , Liu Jingzhou , Zhou Huidi , Chen Jianmin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFriction as a fundamental physical phenomenon dominates nature and human civilization, among which the achievement of molecular rolling lubrication is desired to bring another breakthrough, like the macroscale design of wheel. Herein, an edge self-curling nanodeformation phenomenon of graphite nanosheets (GNSs) at cryogenic temperature is found, which is then used to promote the formation of graphite nanorollers in friction process towards molecular rolling lubrication. The observation of parallel nanorollers at the friction interface give the experimental evidence for the occurrence of molecular rolling lubrication, and the graphite exhibits abnormal lubrication performance in vacuum with ultra-low friction and wear at macroscale. The molecular rolling lubrication mechanism is elucidated from the electronic interaction perspective. Experiments and theoretical simulations indicate that the driving force of the self-curling is the uneven atomic shrinkage induced stress, and then the shear force promotes the intact nanoroller formation, while the constraint of atomic vibration decreases the dissipation of driving stress and favors the nanoroller formation therein. It will open up a new pathway for controlling friction at microscale and nanostructural manipulation.
A fungal metabolic regulator underlies infectious synergism during Candida albicans-Staphylococcus aureus intra-abdominal co-infection
Authors: Paul Saikat , Todd Olivia A. , Eichelberger Kara R. , Tkaczyk Christine , Sellman Bret R. , Noverr Mairi C. , Cassat James E. , Fidel Paul L. , Peters Brian M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCandida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are two commonly associated pathogens that cause nosocomial infections with high morbidity and mortality. Our prior and current work using a murine model of polymicrobial intra-abdominal infection (IAI) demonstrates that synergistic lethality is driven by Candida-induced upregulation of functional S. aureus α-toxin leading to polymicrobial sepsis and organ damage. In order to determine the candidal effector(s) mediating enhanced virulence, an unbiased screen of C. albicans transcription factor mutants was undertaken revealing that zcf13Δ/Δ fails to drive augmented α-toxin or lethal synergism during co-infection. A combination of transcriptional and phenotypic profiling approaches shows that ZCF13 regulates genes involved in pentose metabolism, including RBK1 and HGT7 that contribute to fungal ribose catabolism and uptake, respectively. Subsequent experiments reveal that ribose inhibits the staphylococcal agr quorum sensing system and concomitantly represses toxicity. Unlike wild-type C. albicans, zcf13Δ/Δ did not effectively utilize ribose during co-culture or co-infection leading to exogenous ribose accumulation and agr repression. Forced expression of RBK1 and HGT7 in the zcf13Δ/Δ mutant fully restores pathogenicity during co-infection. Collectively, our results detail the interwoven complexities of cross-kingdom interactions and highlight how intermicrobial metabolism impacts polymicrobial disease pathogenesis with devastating consequences for the host.
Two-dimensional bilayer ice in coexistence with three-dimensional ice without confinement
Authors: Jiang Jing , Lai Yuanming , Sheng Daichao , Tang Guihua , Zhang Mingyi , Niu Dong , Yu Fan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIcing plays an important role in various physical-chemical process. Although the formation of two-dimensional ice requires nanoscale confinement, two-dimensional bilayer ice in coexistence with three-dimensional ice without confinement remains poorly understood. Here, a critical value of a surface energy parameter is identified to characterize the liquid-solid interface interaction, above which two-dimensional and three-dimensional coexisting ice can surprisingly form on the surface. The two-dimensional ice growth mechanisms could be revealed by capturing the growth and merged of the metastable edge structures. The phase diagram about temperature and pressure vs energy parameters is predicted to distinguish liquid water, two-dimensional ice and three-dimensional ice. Furthermore, the deicing characteristics of coexisting ice demonstrate that the ice adhesion strength is linearly related to the ratio of ice-surface interaction energy to ice temperature. In addition, for gas-solid phase transition, the phase diagram about temperature and energy parameters is predicted to distinguish gas, liquid water, two-dimensional ice and three-dimensional ice. This work gives a perspective for studying the singular structure and dynamics of ice in nanoscale and provides a guide for future experimental realization of the coexisting ice.
Regioselective fluorination of allenes enabled by I(I)/I(III) catalysis
Authors: Wang Zi-Xuan , Xu Yameng , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe prominence and versatility of propargylic fluorides in medicinal chemistry, coupled with the potency of F/H and F/OH bioisosterism, has created a powerful impetus to develop efficient methods to facilitate their construction. Motivated by the well-established conversion of propargylic alcohols to allenes, an operationally simple, organocatalysis-based strategy to process these abundant unsaturated precursors to propargylic fluorides would be highly enabling: this would consolidate the bioisosteric relationship that connects propargylic alcohols and fluorides. Herein, we describe a highly regioselective fluorination of unactivated allenes based on I(I)/I(III) catalysis in the presence of an inexpensive HF source that serves a dual role as both nucleophile and Brønsted acid activator. This strategy enables a variety of secondary and tertiary propargylic fluorides to be prepared: these motifs are prevalent across the bioactive small molecule spectrum. Facile product derivatisation, concise synthesis of multi-vicinal fluorinated products together with preliminary validation of enantioselective catalysis are disclosed. The expansive potential of this platform is also demonstrated through the highly regioselective organocatalytic oxidation, chlorination and arylation of allenes. It is envisaged that the transformation will find application in molecular design and accelerate the exploration of organofluorine chemical space.
Fully nonlinear neuromorphic computing with linear wave scattering
Authors: Wanjura Clara C. , Marquardt Florian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe increasing size of neural networks for deep learning applications and their energy consumption create a need for alternative neuromorphic approaches, for example, using optics. Current proposals and implementations rely on physical nonlinearities or optoelectronic conversion to realize the required nonlinear activation function. However, there are considerable challenges with these approaches related to power levels, control, energy efficiency and delays. Here we present a scheme for a neuromorphic system that relies on linear wave scattering and yet achieves nonlinear processing with high expressivity. The key idea is to encode the input in physical parameters that affect the scattering processes. Moreover, we show that gradients needed for training can be directly measured in scattering experiments. We propose an implementation using integrated photonics based on racetrack resonators, which achieves high connectivity with a minimal number of waveguide crossings. Our work introduces an easily implementable approach to neuromorphic computing that can be widely applied in existing state-of-the-art scalable platforms, such as optics, microwave and electrical circuits.
Effects of metronome walking on long-term attractor divergence and correlation structure of gait: a validation study in older people
Authors: Piergiovanni Sophia , Terrier Philippe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of metronome walking on gait dynamics in older adults, focusing on long-range correlation structures and long-range attractor divergence (assessed by maximum Lyapunov exponents). Sixty older adults participated in indoor walking tests with and without metronome cues. Gait parameters were recorded using two triaxial accelerometers attached to the lumbar region and to the foot. We analyzed logarithmic divergence of lumbar acceleration using Rosenstein’s algorithm and scaling exponents for stride intervals from foot accelerometers using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Results indicated a concomitant reduction in long-term divergence exponents and scaling exponents during metronome walking, while short-term divergence remained largely unchanged. Furthermore, long-term divergence exponents and scaling exponents were significantly correlated. Reliability analysis revealed moderate intrasession consistency for long-term divergence exponents, but poor reliability for scaling exponents. Our results suggest that long-term divergence exponents could effectively replace scaling exponents for unsupervised gait quality assessment in older adults. This approach may improve the assessment of attentional involvement in gait control and enhance fall risk assessment.