bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic insights into microbial adaptation to the salinity gradient of a typical short residence-time estuary
Authors: Wu Ziheng , Li Minchun , Qu Liping , Zhang Chuanlun , Xie Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Microbial adaptation to salinity has been a classic inquiry in the field of microbiology. It has been demonstrated that microorganisms can endure salinity stress via either the “salt-in” strategy, involving inorganic ion uptake, or the “salt-out” strategy, relying on compatible solutes. While these insights are mostly based on laboratory-cultured isolates, exploring the adaptive mechanisms of microorganisms within natural salinity gradient is crucial for gaining a deeper understanding of microbial adaptation in the estuarine ecosystem.

Results
Here, we conducted metagenomic analyses on filtered surface water samples collected from a typical subtropical short residence-time estuary and categorized them by salinity into low-, intermediate-, and high-salinity metagenomes. Our findings highlighted salinity-driven variations in microbial community composition and function, as revealed through taxonomic and Clusters of Orthologous Group (COG) functional annotations. Through metagenomic binning, 127 bacterial and archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed. These MAGs were categorized as stenohaline—specific to low-, intermediate-, or high-salinity—based on the average relative abundance in one salinity category significantly exceeding those in the other two categories by an order of magnitude. Those that did not meet this criterion were classified as euryhaline, indicating a broader range of salinity tolerance. Applying the Boruta algorithm, a machine learning-based feature selection method, we discerned important genomic features from the stenohaline bacterial MAGs. Of the total 12,162 COGs obtained, 40 were identified as important features, with the “inorganic ion transport and metabolism” COG category emerging as the most prominent. Furthermore, eight COGs were implicated in microbial osmoregulation, of which four were related to the “salt-in” strategy, three to the “salt-out” strategy, and one to the regulation of water channel activity. COG0168, annotated as the Trk-type K+ transporter related to the “salt-in” strategy, was ranked as the most important feature. The relative abundance of COG0168 was observed to increase with rising salinity across metagenomes, the stenohaline strains, and the dominant Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria phyla.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that salinity exerts influences on both the taxonomic and functional profiles of the microbial communities inhabiting the estuarine ecosystem. Our findings shed light on diverse salinity adaptation strategies employed by the estuarine microbial communities, highlighting the crucial role of the “salt-in” strategy mediated by Trk-type K+ transporters for microorganisms thriving under osmotic stress in the short residence-time estuary.
Surgical treatment of appendiceal mucormycosis in an immunocompromised patient: a case report
Authors: Orihara Yukiya , Kurahashi Shingo , Kamei Katsuhiko , Hiramatsu Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is a rapidly progressing and often fatal disease, predominantly affecting immunocompromised patients. Surgical intervention, in addition to antifungal therapy, is essential. Herein, we describe the successful management of appendiceal mucormycosis in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia through rapid surgical intervention and antifungal therapy.

Case presentation
A 29-year-old woman underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Subsequently, her condition relapsed, and remission induction therapy was initiated. During the immunosuppressive period, she developed a fever and severe abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed severe edema of the ileum, cecum, and ascending colon. Despite receiving multiple antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals, her condition showed no improvement. Consequently, she underwent exploratory laparotomy, with no bowel perforation noted, revealing severe inflammation in the ileum, cecum, and ascending colon, as well as appendiceal necrosis. Appendectomy was performed, and histopathological analysis revealed hyphae in the vessels and layers of the appendiceal wall, suggestive of mucormycosis. The patient was diagnosed with appendiceal mucormycosis, and liposomal amphotericin B was administered. Subsequent monitoring showed no recurrence of mucormycosis. Genetic analysis of the resected tissue revealed Rhizopus microspores as the causative agent.

Conclusions
Rapid surgical intervention and antifungal drug administration proved successful in managing appendiceal mucormycosis in a patient with APL. Early recognition and aggressive surgical intervention are imperative to improve outcomes in such patients.
The repository of biocontrol agents for Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) with emphasis on their mode of action
Authors: Mahmood Samar , Parwez Hina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSpodoptera frugiperda(Smith, 1797) is one of the most destructive pests of Maize plants, causing an estimated 40% crop loss in 2019. It is a native pest of America and difficult to control since it has developed resistance against most insecticides efficient in controlling lepidopteran pests, including recommended Chlorantraniliprole and Flubendiamide. Due to the increasing need for a change in pest management methods, it is necessary to consider biological control on a commercial level.Main bodyIn this review, we have put together a list of all the biocontrol agents (parasites, parasitoids, predators, viruses, bacteria, and fungi) reported from different parts of the world effective in managing the impact ofS. frugiperda, along with an elaborate mechanism of action of each natural killer. After analyzing the procured data, Pareto charts were prepared plotting the distribution of the mortality ofS. frugiperdacaused by parasitoids and pathogens. The regional abundance was plotted in the form of graph.ConclusionPareto’s charts (Fig. 6) shows thatTelenomus remusandSteinernema riobraveaccounts for a maximum of 90% mortality ofS. frugiperdaamong other high contributors (Chelonus insularis, Trichospilus pupivora, Ophion flavidus, Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Trichogramma mwanai). NPV andMetarhizium anisopliaewere proved to be the most effective micro-entomopathogens causing up to 98% mortality. Also, these entomopathogens were reported all over the world but found abundant in Mexico and India. Based on this study, we recommend the augmentation of entomopathogenic insects on a large scale only to commercialize them in the market and produce different ready-to-use pathogenic formulations to be applied in the fields combined with a significantly less quantity of harmful chemical ailments.
Parents reported language development and scholastic achievement in children with congenital heart diseases versus typically developed
Authors: Almuzaini Hanan I. , Almuzaini Ibrahim , Hassan Megahed Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Children with congenital heart diseases (CHD) may have developmental delays including delayed language development (DLD) and learning difficulties. The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of CHD on language developmental profile and scholastic achievement (SA) with particular emphasis on prevalence of DLD and SA, potential risks, and need for early intervention.

Results
This case–control study included 158 children with CHD and 145 healthy children as controls. Participants’ ages ranged from 6 months to 15 years. Data were collected by reviewing clinical records and questionnaires covering potential risks, motor and language development, and SA. Potential risks were analyzed using the Fisher test, while language development and SA were compared using Mann–Whitney test. The incidences of parent consanguinity, family history of DLD, and neonatal cyanosis were higher than expected by chance in the CHD group with p-values which are < 0.001, 0.044, and < 0.001, respectively. The CHD group revealed more delay in babbling, first word production, two-word sentences, three-word sentences, narration, and SA than control group with significant differences. These comparisons’ p-values are 0.002, < 0.001, 0.009, 0.029, 0.03, and 0.042 respectively with mean effect size 0.3. The language development profile in cyanotic HD showed more delay than acyanotic HD with significant differences.

Conclusions
The DLD and affected SA were more prevalent in children with CHD. The risk for DLD in CHD children was multifactorial; however, the main predisposing factor was chronic hypoxia that starts in the intrauterine life in CHD. Neonates with CHD require early intervention through oxygen therapy before surgery. Early family counseling and language therapy are recommended to improve quality of life through achieving better communicative ability and academic skills. Further studies which concerned the effect of maternal oxygenation on prognosis of fetuses with CHD may be required. Also, duplication of the study including formal testing is recommended.
Preventing Infection in Pediatric Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Survey of Provider Recommendations
Authors: Offenbacher Rachel , Citron Chloe , Lin Juan , Hosgood H. Dean , Parsons Susan K. , Moerdler Scott , Weiser Daniel A. 
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE
Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality in patients with childhood cancer receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pediatric hematology/oncology and transplant (PHOT) providers must counsel their patients on the safety of public activities and weigh the risk of infection exposure with the social and developmental benefits of in-person school and social outings. We hypothesize that there is significant variability in recommendations given by PHOT providers.

METHODS
An electronic anonymous survey was developed and piloted by a group of PHOT providers to assess current methods for educating patients and families on limiting infectious exposures. Five clinical vignettes were created by the study team to explore how providers balance the competing priorities of safety and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The electronic survey was institutional review board–approved and disseminated via email to all PHOT providers affiliated with the Children's Oncology Group across the United States.

RESULTS

In total, 545 clinicians completed the survey. Most respondents were attending physicians (393, 72%), followed by fellows (61, 11%), advanced practice providers (APPs; 38, 7%), and nurses (37, 7%). On average, nurses and fellows made more conservative recommendations for avoiding infectious exposures compared with the recommendations from attending physicians and APPs (
P
< .0001). On average, providers with more years of clinical experience expressed less cautious recommendations, whereas those with less years of experience provided more cautious recommendations for avoiding infectious exposures (
P
= .0072).

CONCLUSION
This survey demonstrates the importance of collaboration between all members of the care team in defining priorities for balancing safety risk and HRQoL to provide consistent messaging to patients. The variations in survey responses highlight the need for universal guidelines to standardize physician recommendations for limiting infectious exposures in pediatric patients on chemotherapy.
Availability of Cranial Prostheses for Black Patients at Comprehensive Cancer Centers
Authors: Minta Abena , Rose Lucy , Shareef Sarah J. , Adame Stephanie , Dulmage Brittany 
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE
For patients who seek to camouflage cancer-related hair loss, cranial prostheses such as wigs and hair pieces exist. We sought to determine the availability of yaki-textured, type IV curls, and afro wigs at boutiques in Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs).

METHODS
The 56 CCCs in the United States were surveyed to see whether they had an affiliated wig boutique for patients experiencing hair loss. Boutique workers were then asked a series of seven questions regarding cranial prostheses options for patients seeking yaki-textured, type IV curls, and afro wigs. The availability of wigs was compared with US Census data on population size and density of Black residents.

RESULTS
Of the 56 CCCs, 27 (46%) institutions had active affiliated hair boutiques. We were able to reach 19 (70%) of the 27 boutiques, of which 53% (n = 10) offered yaki-textured wigs, 37% (n = 7) offered type IV curls or afro wigs, and 47% (n = 9) offered neither. Two additional boutiques offered in-store catalogs for Black patients who were interested in naturally appearing wigs. Although two institutions offered a wig bank that was free to all patients, neither had yaki-textured or afro wigs in stock. There was no significant relationship between population size or density of Black residents and availability of these wigs.

CONCLUSION
Many Black patients undergoing cancer treatment interested in cranial prosthesis do not have consistent access to wigs with textures comparable with type IV hair at CCCs. With increased inventory of racially inclusive wigs, partnerships with third-party vendors, and support for the previous authorization process, we can better support Black patients experiencing cancer-related hair loss.
Opportunistic Detection of Phytosterolemia During Genetic Testing for FH: Case Series and Contextual Review
Authors: Loh Wann Jia , Chan Dick C , Pang Jing , Hooper Amanda J , Bell Damon , Watts Gerald F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Homozygous phytosterolemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that leads to severely elevated plasma levels of plant phytosterols, causing an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and mimicking the clinical presentation of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Integration of the genetic variants for homozygous phytosterolemia into the genetic panel for FH in clinical practice likely increases the detection of milder genetic forms of phytosterolemia, the implications of which in clinical practice, including cascade testing, remain unclear.

Results
We report 3 families with pathogenic loss-of-function variants in ABCG5 and/or ABCG8, in which probands were identified incidentally when genetically testing them for FH. The proband of the first family was a 35-year-old man with a homozygous ABCG5 loss-of-function variant (c.1336C &gt; T, p.Arg446*) causing severe phytosterolemia and premature CAD on cardiac imaging; his younger brother was heterozygous for the same variant with mildly elevated phytosterol levels. The second family included 2 sisters (aged 31 and 29 years) with digenic variants in ABCG5 (c.1336C &gt; T, p.Arg446*) and ABCG8 (c.1269G &gt; T, p.Glu423Asp with uncertain significance) with moderately elevated plasma phytosterol levels and premature CAD on cardiac imaging. The third family is a 68-year-old man and his 44-year-old daughter who were both heterozygous for a pathogenic ABCG5 variant (c.1166G &gt; A, p.Arg389His) that had mild phytosterolemia and CAD on cardiac imaging. Treatment with ezetimibe alone or in combination with colesevelam reduced elevated plasma sitosterol and campesterol concentrations by 30% to 80%.

Conclusion
Phytosterolemia is specific genetic disorder that can mimic FH, cause premature atherosclerosis, and require specific pharmacotherapy. Cascade testing for pathogenic ABCG5/G8 variants can lead to earlier detection and treatment of affected family members.
Loss-of-function Thr347Ala Variant in the G Protein Subunit-Α11 Causes Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia 2
Authors: Boisen Ida Marie , Du Wei , Juul Anders , Bräuner-Osborne Hans , Jensen Anders A , Blomberg Jensen Martin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Context and Objectives
To date, only 4 loss-of-function variants in the GNA11 gene encoding the G protein subunit α11 (Gα11) leading to familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) 2 have been characterized. Gα11 is involved in calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) signaling, and loss-of-function variants in GNA11 lead to reduced agonist potency at CaSR and an FHH phenotype.

Design and participants
We have identified a family with a heterozygous GNA11 Thr347Ala variant and characterized its impact on calcium homeostasis in FHH2 patients and the signaling properties of CaSR through the Gα11-Thr347Ala variant in vitro.

Main Outcome Measures
The index patient and her family had clinical, biochemical, and genetic analyses performed. The expression levels of Gα11 and the cell-surface expression levels of CaSR in human embryonic kidney 293A Gq/11 knockout cells (ΔGq/11-HEK293A) cotransfected with CaSR and Gα11 [wild type (WT) or Thr347Ala] were determined, and the functional properties exhibited by calcium at CaSR were characterized in an inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation assay.

Results
Heterozygous carriers of the GNA11 Thr347Ala variant had mild asymptomatic hypercalcemia, hypocalciuria, and inappropriately high normal PTH levels considering their elevated serum calcium levels. Whereas the variant did not impact Gα11 expression or CaSR cell surface expression levels, calcium displayed a moderately but significantly lower agonist potency at CaSR/Gα11-Thr347Ala-transfected cells compared with CaSR/Gα11-WT-transfected cells in the IP1 accumulation assay (EC50 values of 5.67 mM and 4.38 mM, respectively).

Conclusion
This identification of a novel GNA11 variant causing FHH2 substantiates the important role of Gα11 for CaSR signaling and Ca2+ homeostasis.
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and the Role of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Sandoval-Bórquez Alejandra , Carrión Pablo , Hernández María Paz , Pérez Jorge A , Tapia-Castillo Alejandra , Vecchiola Andrea , Fardella Carlos E , Carvajal Cristian A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Obesity is a major public health issue that is associated with metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus type 2 and metabolic syndrome. This pathology leads to detrimental cardiovascular health and secondary effects, such as lipotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been highlighted as novel players participating in human physiology and pathophysiology. In obesity, adipose tissue is related to the active shedding of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (AdEVs). The current review explores and highlights the role of AdEVs and their cargo in obesity and metabolic syndrome. AdEVs are proposed to play an important role in obesity and its comorbidities. AdEVs are biological nanoparticles mainly shed by visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, acting in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and also carrying different cargo biomolecules, such as RNA, microRNA (miRNA), proteins, and lipids, among others. RNA and miRNA have local and systemic effects affecting gene expression in target cell types via paracrine and endocrine actions. State of the art analyses identified some miRNAs, such as miR-222, miR-23b, miR-4429, miR-148b, and miR-4269, that could potentially affect cell pathways involved in obesity-related comorbidities, such as chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Similarly, AdEVs-proteins (RBP4, perilipin-A, FABP, mimecan, TGFBI) and AdEVs-lipids (sphingolipids) have been linked to the obesity pathophysiology. The current knowledge about AdEVs along with further research would support and reveal novel pathways, potential biomarkers, and therapeutic options in obesity.
Lu Xun’s Heteromodal Realism
Authors: Cai Keru 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article posits modern Chinese realism as heteromodal, capable of encompassing many modes of narration from a plurality of literary movements. Heteromodality results from the heterochronic Chinese importation of Western literary history, the simultaneous reception of what were originally successive historical periods. The fountainhead of heteromodal Chinese realism is Lu Xun’s 1918 “Diary of a Madman,” one of the first modern vernacular Chinese short stories. Though Lu Xun has long been considered a foundational writer of realism in China, critics have complicated this designation by pointing out his modernist or symbolist proclivities. This article redefines Lu Xun’s realism by enlarging the scope of inquiry beyond “Diary” itself to scrutinize its main Russian intertexts: Nikolai Gogol’s 1835 story “Diary of a Madman” and Leonid Andreev’s 1904 novella Red Laugh. Examining the elements that Lu Xun’s story cannibalizes from Russian intertexts, which have themselves defied straightforward categorizations such as realism, the article intervenes in long-standing discussions about the nature of realism in modern China and, more broadly, in recent conversations about peripheral realism.
Lessons Learned from Argentina's Struggles for Legal Abortion
Authors: Szwarc Lucila , Wood Tessa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This essay argues that abortion, as a practice and a political cause, challenges traditional and hegemonic health frameworks and contributes to the development of a feminist approach to health. The essay focuses on experiences and activism for legal abortion in contemporary Argentina, drawing some examples from other contexts. First, it argues that abortion reveals the extent to which health and sickness are entangled with symbolic and localized processes, including marked stigma, which influence the lived experience of health care. The essay analyzes how feminist activism in Argentina gradually changed these processes. Second, it contends that abortion as a health practice contributes to the deconstruction of traditional dichotomies between prevention and intervention and health and sickness, as well as to modifying hierarchical decision-making mechanisms. In the Argentine case, ensuring abortion access in public health institutions, with the help of activist professionals, allowed for the broadening of biomedical frameworks and a move toward more holistic approaches. Third, the essay analyzes how increasing access to medication abortion challenged monopolistic and exclusionary processes in the production and institutionalization of legitimate knowledge about health.
Performance Feminista
Authors: Draper Susana , Valdés Vargas Daffne , Cometa Stange Paula , Van Rysseghem Sibila Sotomayor 
Published: June 2024

Abstracto
En esta entrevista, Colectivo LASTESIS reflexiona sobre la historia del colectivo y la comprensión de la performance feminista como una forma de expandir y hacer más accesibles diferentes teorías feministas. Enfatizando la centralidad del cuerpo, hablan sobre la relevancia de pasar las ideas por los cuerpos concretos, lo que implica la capacidad de buscar diferentes dimensiones de pensamiento y textualidad, como sonido, color y textura, así como también de conectar con todo un archivo que ha resistido siglos de colonialismo. En este sentido, ubican su obra dentro de una larga historia de performance, haciendo visible la continuidad entre múltiples archivos que problematizaron diferentes formas de colonialismo y opresión, haciendo legible diferentes formas creativas de resistencia.
What Masks Reveal
Authors: Dumont Martin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This essay attempts to discern which lessons the wearing of masks in a time of pandemics can offer to us: in terms of living as a sick or quasi-sick person, in terms of public health policies, and in terms of what faciality means for human life. It tries to do so through a clinical point of view, a view more concrete and materially grounded than a phenomenological one drawn from Levinas's philosophy of the face.