bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Araucaria Project: the Baade–Wesselink projection factor of pulsating stars and interferometric contribution to the eclipsing binaries technique of distance determination
Authors: Nardetto Nicolas , Challouf Mounir , Guiglion Guillaume , Mourard Denis , Gieren Wolfgang , Pietrzyński Grzegorz , Graczyk Dariusz 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe international Araucaria Project aims to provide an improved local calibration of the extragalactic distance scale out to distances of a few Megaparsecs. We present a brief, up-to-date review of different results and ongoing projects to (i) better understand the Baade–Wesselink projection factor used in distance determinations based on Cepheids, and (ii) improve the eclipsing-binary technique of distance determination using CHARA/VEGA interferometric observations.
Asymptotic giant branch variables as extragalactic distance indicators
Authors: Whitelock Patricia A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLarge-amplitude asymptotic giant branch variables potentially rival Cepheid variables as fundamental calibrators of the distance scale, particularly if observations are made in the infrared, or where there is substantial interstellar obscuration. They are particularly useful for probing somewhat older populations, such as those found in dwarf spheroidal galaxies, elliptical galaxies or in the haloes of spirals. Calibration data from the Galaxy and new observations of various Local Group galaxies are described and the outlook for the future, with a calibration from Gaia and observations from the next generation of infrared telescopes, is discussed.
Rotational parallaxes of nearby galaxies
Authors: Brunthaler Andreas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAccurate geometric distances, which are inherently free of systematic effects are of very great importance for an independent recalibration of extragalactic distance estimators. Local Group galaxies are close enough for both primary and secondary distance indicators to be readily isolated in ground- and space-based observations. Astrometric accuracies of a few micro-arcseconds based on Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations of water masers in high-mass star-forming regions in nearby galaxies allow a measurement of the proper motions of these masers. Since these high-mass star-forming regions rotate with the galaxies, one can deduce a rotational parallax by comparing the known rotation curve with the proper motions of the masers. I provide an update of our previous rotation parallax of M33 and show first results of observations of the recently discovered water masers in the Andromeda galaxy (M31).
The distance to M31 in the era of precision cosmology
Authors: Valls-Gabaud David 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWith the advent of precision cosmology, where distances out to redshifts z < 0.6 can be measured to 2% precision on the basis of baryon acoustic oscillations, it appears essential to establish an accurate calibration of the primary and secondary indicators of the cosmological distance ladder. Here we review recent attempts at anchoring M31 very accurately using three independent methods, and discuss in detail the systematics that affect each. Two double-lined eclipsing binaries yield a distance to M31 which is precise to 4%. New Bayesian methods have been applied to determine the tip of the red-giant branch, even in sparsely populated colour–magnitude diagrams, and provide unique insights in the context of a precise three-dimensional distribution of the satellites in the M31 system. Over 2500 Cepheids have been identified in large-scale multi-colour surveys of M31, the largest homogeneous data set thus far obtained for any galaxy. A subset of 68 with periods longer than 10 days have been observed with the Wide-Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope, yielding the tightest-ever near-infrared period–luminosity relation, with a mean distance error of 1%. Combined with other measurements, the distance to M31 is now measured with a precision of 3%. Forthcoming improvements, and their implications, are also discussed.
Multiparametric scaling relations for dwarf irregular galaxies in different environments
Authors: Sharina M. E. , Karachentseva V. E. , Makarov D. I. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe study the correlations of rotation velocity and absolute magnitude with surface brightness for low surface brightness dwarf irregular galaxies (dIrrs). We find that isolated objects contribute most to the scatter in the Tully–Fisher relation (TFR). Excluding these extreme cases, we develop a three-parameter (luminosity, Hi line width at 20% of peak flux level, i.e., W20, effective surface brightness) TFR for 60 dIrrs (with revised Hubble type T > 8) in the Local Volume (LV) with Cepheid and tip-of-the-red-giant-branch distance measurements. The relation is applied to galaxies of the same morphological type with radial velocities vLG ≤ 3500 km s−1 in the Local Supercluster. We obtained surface photometry and determined structural parameters using sdss images. The rotational velocities and derived photometric parameters for most galaxies in small groups agree well with those corresponding to the three-parameter TFR. However, isolated galaxies appear to have systematically lower surface brightnesses and longer scale lengths for the same luminosity than galaxies in small groups. This may indicate on average twice larger Hi-to-optical disk size ratios for our sample of isolated dIrrs, because their Hi surface densities calculated using the optical diameters look normal.
The tip-of-the-red-giant-branch distance indicator and the structure of the nearest galaxy groups
Authors: Makarova Lidia , Makarov Dmitry 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) is one of the most accurate distance indicators to galaxies in the Local Universe (for distances up to 8–10 Mpc). A distance accuracy as high as 5% can be achieved with the recently developed maximum-likelihood implementation of the TRGB method and modern calibrations. In this paper, we consider in detail TRGB distance determinations to nearby groups of galaxies (within 8 Mpc). We discuss the photometric accuracy and describe colour–magnitude-diagram features of nearby dwarf galaxies and their influence on the accuracy of distance determination. We have determined accurate structures of the two nearest galaxy groups, M81 and Cen A, using observations of galaxies in these groups with the Hubble Space Telescope's WFPC2 and ACS instruments. The new technique allows us to see new details in the distribution of galaxies in the Canes Venatici i Cloud.
The planetary nebulae luminosity function and distances to the Virgo, Hydra i, and Coma Clusters
Authors: Arnaboldi Magda , Longobardi Alessia , Gerhard Ortwin , Okamura S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe luminosity function of planetary nebula populations in galaxies at distances within 10–15 Mpc exhibits a cut-off at bright magnitudes and a functional form that is observed to be invariant among different galactic morphological types. Therefore, it is used as a secondary distance indicator applicable to both early- and late-type galaxies. Recent deep surveys of planetary nebula populations in brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) seem to indicate that their luminosity functions deviate from those observed in the nearby galaxies. We discuss the evidence for such deviations in the Virgo Cluster, and indicate which physical mechanisms may alter the evolution of a planetary nebula envelope and its central star in the halo of BCGs. We then discuss preliminary results for distances to the Virgo, Hydra i, and Coma Clusters based on the observed planetary nebulae luminosity functions.
Integrated photometric redshifts and SED fitting as tool for galaxy evolution studies
Authors: Kotulla Ralf 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPhotometric redshifts, i.e. redshifts derived by comparing an observed spectral-energy distribution (SED) to a range of empirical or theoretical SED templates, are commonly used in studies of the high-redshift Universe. Often, the next step is to use these redshifts as fixed input parameters for SED fitting to derive physical properties for each galaxy. However, this two-step approach ignores degeneracies between redshift and, e.g., stellar mass. Here I present first results using an improved approach that integrates both methods. I find that mass determinations are, on average, three times more uncertain than they seem from the common two-step approach. If not accounted for, these underestimated uncertainties can impact our ability of making meaningful comparisons between observations and simulations of galaxy evolution.
The 2massTully–Fisher Survey: Mapping the mass in the Universe
Authors: Hong T. , Staveley-Smith L. , Masters K. , Springob C. , Macri L. , Koribalski B. , Jones H. , Jarrett T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe 2mass Tully–Fisher Survey (2mtf) aims to measure Tully–Fisher (TF) distances for all bright, inclined spirals in the 2mass Redshift Survey (2mrs) using high-quality Hi widths and 2mass photometry. Compared with previous peculiar-velocity surveys, the 2mtf survey provides more accurate width measurements and more uniform sky coverage, combining observations with the Green Bank, Arecibo, and Parkes telescopes. With this new redshift-independent distance database, we will significantly improve our understanding of the mass distribution in the local Universe.
Measuring H0 from the 6dF Galaxy Survey and future low-redshift surveys
Authors: Colless Matthew , Beutler Florian , Blake Chris 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBaryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) at low redshift provide a precise and largely model-independent way to measure the Hubble constant, H0. The 6dF Galaxy Survey measurement of the BAO scale gives a value of H0 = 67 ± 3.2 km s−1 Mpc−1, achieving a 1σ precision of 5%. With improved analysis techniques, the planned wallaby (Hi) and taipan (optical) redshift surveys are predicted to measure H0 to 1–3% precision.
Accurate cosmology from gravitational-lens time delays
Authors: Suyu S. H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe time delays between the multiple images of a strong gravitational-lens system, together with a model of the lens-mass distribution, provide a one-step determination of the time-delay distance, and thus a measure of cosmological parameters, particularly the Hubble constant, H0. I review the recent advances in measuring time-delay distances, and present the current status of cosmological constraints based on gravitational-lens time delays. In particular, I report the time-delay distance measurements of two gravitational lenses and their implication for cosmology from a recent study by Suyuet al.
Hubble constant, lensing, and time delay in Te Ve S
Authors: Tian Yong , Ko Chung-Ming , Chiu Mu-Chen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Hubble constant can be determined from the time delay of gravitationally lensed systems. We adopt Te Ve S as the relativistic version of Modified Newtonian Dynamics to study gravitational lensing phenomena and evaluate the Hubble constant from the derived time-delay formula. We test our method on observed quasar lensing published in the literature. Three candidates are suitable for our study, HE 2149-2745, FBQ J0951+2635, and SBS 0909+532.
Gaia contribution to the low-redshift supernova population
Authors: Blagorodnova Nadejda , Walton Nicholas A. , Wyrzykowski Łukasz , Hodgkin Simon 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe effectiveness of the ESA Gaia mission in obtaining a meaninful sample of supernovae (SNe) is based on three key points: detection rates, characterization capability and an extended validation phase. Focussing on the second, we present our investigations into the use of a range of classification techniques, whereby we demonstrate the ability to discriminate between various SN subtypes, based on the Gaia data (photometry and spectrophotometry) alone. In particular, we comment on the potential ability of Gaia to rapidly estimate SN redshifts and epochs. The methods presented here indicate that ground-based follow-up observations can then be more effectively targeted to the highest-priority SNe.
Planetary nebulae and determination of the bulge–disk boundary
Authors: Costa Roberto D. D. , Cavichia Oscar , Maciel Walter J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a sample of planetary nebulae in the Galaxy's inner-disk and bulge is used to find the galactocentric distance that optimally separates these two populations in terms of their abundances. Statistical distance scales were used to investigate the distribution of abundances across the disk–bulge interface, while a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to find the distance at which the chemical properties of these regions separate optimally. The statistical analysis indicates that, on average, the inner population is characterized by lower abundances than the outer component. Additionally, for the α-element abundances, the inner population does not follow the disk's radial gradient toward the Galactic Center. Based on our results, we suggest a bulge–disk interface at 1.5 kpc, marking the transition between the bulge and the inner disk of the Galaxy as defined by the intermediate-mass population.
Recalibration of the uvbyβ photometry-based distance scale of OB-type stars using the revised Hipparcos parallaxes
Authors: Dambis A. K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe absolute visual and infrared magnitudes of moderately evolved OB-type stars are directly calibrated as a function of Stroemgren four-color and Hβ photometric indices using the trigonometric parallaxes from the new reduction of Hipparcos data. The resulting calibrations have an average accuracy of ~ 0.4 mag and, when applied to members of young open clusters, yield distances that are fairly consistent with those determined using the MV–(B − V) zero-age main-sequence fitting procedure.
Maximum-likelihood fitting of the 6dFGS peculiar velocities
Authors: Magoulas Christina , Springob Christopher , Colless Matthew , Jones D. Heath , Campbell Lachlan , Lucey John , Mould Jeremy 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe develop a robust Bayesian model to derive peculiar velocities and Fundamental Plane (FP) distances for a subsample of 9000 galaxies from the 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS). These galaxies form the basis of 6dFGSv, the largest and most uniform galaxy peculiar-velocity sample to date. We perform a Bayesian analysis of the data set as a whole, determining cosmological parameters from the peculiar-velocity field (e.g., fitting β and the bulk flow), by comparing to the field predicted from the redshift survey and assuming that the galaxy distribution traces the matter distribution.
3D motions of 6.7 GHz methanol masers and effects of the Galactic bar
Authors: Matsumoto Naoko , Honma Mareki ,   the VERA collaboration
Published: February 2013

AbstractTo search for kinematic evidence of the existence of the Galactic bar, we observed 10 methanol maser sources at the near end of the bar with VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry). From these observations, we obtained absolute proper motions of eight sources based on the phase-referencing technique. We compared the motions with the predictions of three simple models in a 3D plane. This comparison showed that a non-flat circular rotation model and a dynamical model including a bar potential reproduce the observed data better than a flat rotation model. In addition, the bar model suggests that the inclination angle of the Galactic bar is around 35°, which is consistent with previous studies.
Using L dwarfs with distances to test models
Authors: Wang Youfen , Jones H. R. A. , Smart R. L. , Shao Z. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe test two contemporary low-mass atmospheric models using three L dwarfs with distances and published spectra. We find that the two models do not predict the same trends for temperature, gravity and metallicity in absorption lines. We find that one model appears to better reflect the temperature, but this sample is too small to investigate the other parameters in depth.
The scientific goal of the Japanese small astrometric satellite, Small-JASMINE
Authors: Yano Taihei , Gouda Naoteru , Kobayashi Yukiyasu , Tsujimoto Takuji , Niwa Yoshito , Yamada Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSmall-JASMINE is a small Japanese astrometric satellite, developed mainly at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. The target launch date of Small-JASMINE is around 2017. The satellite will be equipped with a telescope with an aperture size of 30 cm and a focal length of approximately 3.9 m. The operational wavelength will be centered on the infrared Hw band, between 1.1 and 1.7 μm, using a HgCdTe detector with 4k × 4k pixels. This will enable us to observe the central regions of our Galaxy and clarify the dynamical structure of the bulge region. A restricted region of the Galactic bulge will be observed using a frame-linking method, which is different from the approach taken by both Hipparcos and Gaia, both developed at ESA. The target accuracy of the annual parallax and proper motion is approximately 10 μas and 10 μas yr−1, respectively, in the central region of the survey area of 0.3 × 0.3 deg2. The target accuracy of the annual parallax, ~ 50 μas, and that of the proper motion, ~ 50 μas yr−1, will be obtained within a region of 2 × 2 deg2. The observing region covers a field of approximately 3 × 3 deg2. The mission is required to continue for around three years to obtain reliable measurements. In the winter season, the angular distance between the Sun and the Galactic bulge region is small. Accordingly, we may have the chance to observe different regions which contain scientifically interesting targets, such as Cygnus X-1. If we are successful in observing the object over the course of a few weeks, the orbital elements of the star accompanying Cygnus X-1 can be resolved by Small-JASMINE.
Trends in health and health inequalities among major states of India: assessing progress through convergence models
Authors: Goli Srinivas , Arokiasamy Perianayagam 
Published: February 2013

AbstractConvergence in health and health inequalities reflects not only a sense of equity, but also provides a critical assessment tool for monitoring the health progress of differently placed individuals. This study examines convergence hypothesis for health and health inequalities across major Indian states, using both standard and cutting-edge convergence metrics. The findings lend support to the convergence in average health status among the states and the socioeconomic group of India, examined through select health indicators. However, results also suggest a setback in convergence in decline of health inequalities in recent times, particularly in life expectancy at birth, child immunization and underweight. Evidence signals that from the late 1990s, convergence in decline of health inequalities are replaced by emerging divergence. This paper contributes to health policy and planning by identifying areas where, India needs to work to achieve efficiency with equity in health status across geographical divisions and social groups.
Suchtbezogene Gesundheitsversorgung von Inhaftierten in Deutschland – eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Jakob Lisa , Stöver Heino , Pfeiffer-Gerschel Tim 
Published: February 2013

Ziel: Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit geht der Frage nach, wie viele Suchtmittelabhängige sich in deutschen Haftanstalten befinden und welche Angebote im Bereich der suchtbezogenen Gesundheitsversorgung von Inhaftierten in Deutschland existieren. Ergebnisse: Der Anteil intravenös konsumierender Drogenabhängiger in deutschen Gefängnissen wird auf etwa 30 % (Männer) und über 50 % (Frauen) geschätzt, der Anteil Alkoholabhängiger auf ca. 38 % und der Anteil aktueller und täglicher Raucher auf 79 % der Gefangenen. Unter dem siebten Titel des Strafvollzugsgesetzes (Gesundheitsversorgung) werden keine gesonderten Vorgaben für den Umgang mit dieser Klientel gemacht. Das Fehlen verbindlicher bundesweiter Richtlinien zur suchtbezogenen Gesundheitsversorgung in Haft führt zu Unterschieden in der Art und Verfügbarkeit von Therapieangeboten zwischen den Bundesländern. Schlussfolgerungen: Obwohl die Raten Suchtmittel konsumierender Inhaftierter um ein Vielfaches über denen der Allgemeinbevölkerung liegen und ein umfassendes intramurales Behandlungsangebot erfordern, existieren trotz Äquivalenzprinzip deutliche Unterschiede zwischen intra- und extramuraler Behandlung Suchtmittel konsumierender oder abhängiger Personen.
Healable Polymer Systems
Authors:   Royal Society of Chemistry
Published: February 2013

Polymers are used in many everyday technologies and their degradation due to environmental exposure has lead to great interest in materials which can heal and repair themselves. In order to design new self healing polymers it's important to understand the fundamental healing mechanisms behind the material. Healable Polymer Systems will outline the key concepts and mechanisms underpinning the design and processing of healable polymers, and indicate potential directions for progress in the future development and applications of these fascinating and potentially valuable materials.
The book covers the different techniques developed successfully to date for both autonomous healable materials (those which do not require an external stimulus to promote healing) and rehealable or remendable materials (those which only recover their original physical properties if a specific stimulus is applied). These include the encapsulated-monomer approach, reversible covalent bond formation, irreversible covalent bond formation and supramolecular self-assembly providing detailed insights into their chemistry.
Written by leading experts, the book provides polymer scientists with a compact and readily accessible source of reference for healable polymer systems.
Effects of insufficient sleep on circadian rhythmicity and expression amplitude of the human blood transcriptome
Authors: Möller-Levet Carla S. , Archer Simon N. , Bucca Giselda , Laing Emma E. , Slak Ana , Kabiljo Renata , Lo June C. Y. , Santhi Nayantara , von Schantz Malcolm , Smith Colin P. , Dijk Derk-Jan 
Published: February 2013

SignificanceInsufficient sleep and circadian rhythm disruption are associated with negative health outcomes, but the mechanisms involved remain largely unexplored. We show that one wk of insufficient sleep alters gene expression in human blood cells, reduces the amplitude of circadian rhythms in gene expression, and intensifies the effects of subsequent acute total sleep loss on gene expression. The affected genes are involved in chromatin remodeling, regulation of gene expression, and immune and stress responses. The data imply molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of sleep loss on health and highlight the interrelationships between sleep homeostasis, circadian rhythmicity, and metabolism.