bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time trends in the association of ESRD incidence with area‐level poverty in the US population
Authors: Garrity Bridget H. , Kramer Holly , Vellanki Kavitha , Leehey David , Brown Julia , Shoham David A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the temporal trends of the association between area‐level poverty status and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence. We hypothesized that the association between area‐level poverty status and ESRD incidence has increased significantly over time. Patient data from the United States Renal Data System were linked with data from the 2000 and 2010 US census. Area‐level poverty was defined as living in a zip code‐defined area with ≥20% of households living below the federal poverty line. Negative binomial regression models were created to examine the association between area‐level poverty status and ESRD incidence by time period in the US adult population while simultaneously adjusting for the distribution of age, sex, and race/ethnicity within a zip code. Time was categorized as January 1, 1995 through December 31, 2004 (Period 1) and January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2010 (Period 2). The percentage of adults initiating dialysis with area‐level poverty increased from 27.4% during Period 1 to 34.0% in Period 2. After accounting for the distribution of age, sex, and race/ethnicity within a zip code, area‐level poverty status was associated with a 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22, 1.25)‐fold higher ESRD incidence. However, this association differed by time period with 1.04‐fold (95% CI 1.02, 1.05) higher ESRD incidence associated with poverty status for Period 2 compared with the association between ESRD and poverty status in Period 1. Area‐level poverty and its association with ESRD incidence is not static over time.
Systematic searching for theory to inform systematic reviews: is it feasible? Is it desirable?
Authors: Booth Andrew , Carroll Christopher 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn recognising the potential value of theory in understanding how interventions work comes a challenge – how to make identification of theory less haphazard?ObjectivesTo explore the feasibility of systematic identification of theory.MethodWe searched PubMed for published reviews (1998–2012) that had explicitly sought to identify theory. Systematic searching may be characterised by a structured question, methodological filters and an itemised search procedure. We constructed a template (BeHEMoTh – Behaviour of interest; Health context; Exclusions; Models or Theories) for use when systematically identifying theory. The authors tested the template within two systematic reviews.ResultsOf 34 systematic reviews, only 12 reviews (35%) reported a method for identifying theory. Nineteen did not specify how they identified studies containing theory. Data were unavailable for three reviews. Candidate terms include concept(s)/conceptual, framework(s), model(s), and theory/theories/theoretical. Information professionals must overcome inadequate reporting and the use of theory out of context. The review team faces an additional concern in lack of ‘theory fidelity’.ConclusionsBased on experience with two systematic reviews, the BeHEMoTh template and procedure offers a feasible and useful approach for identification of theory. Applications include realist synthesis, framework synthesis or review of complex interventions. The procedure requires rigorous evaluation.
The adsorption behaviour and photoprotection effect of UV filter absorbed on the surface of human hair
Authors: Li X. , Hu J. , Chen L. , Zhang W. 
Published: June 2015

SynopsisObjectiveButyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMBM, an UVA absorber, the maximum absorptive wavelength is about 360 nm), octylmethoxycinnamate (OMC, an UVB filter, the maximum absorptive wavelength is about 310 nm), benzophenone‐3 (an UVA and UVB filter, the maximum absorptive wavelength is about 288 and 323 nm) and octyl salicylate (an UVB filter, the maximum absorptive wavelength is about 307 nm) are four types of UV filters. This report presents the adsorption behaviours and effects of these filters on hair cuticles.MethodsAdsorption amounts of each UV filter on the hair surface were determined via the depletion method, and the photoprotective effects of these filters were identified by various methods, including protein degradation, tryptophan degradation and lipid peroxidation in hair exposed to irradiation.ResultsResults showed that adsorption of UV filters occurred fairly rapidly and reached equilibrium after approximately 1 h. The rate and amount of adsorption increased with increasing initial concentration. The adsorption amount of each UV filter was plotted against its equilibrium concentration. The adsorption capacity of 2% BMBM was higher than that of the other UV filters. Lipid peroxidation and protein degradation of hair were significantly reduced in samples treated with benzophenone‐3, octyl salicylate and OMC. Tryptophan degradation was not significantly improved in any of the treatments.ConclusionThe adsorption kinetics of the filters is comparable with a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and that their adsorption isotherms match the Freundlich adsorption model. Adsorption followed an endothermic process. UV filters have effect on protecting hair from photodamage. The effect of UVB filters is better than UVA filters.
Molecular and histological tools to diagnose an imported case of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Cuba
Authors: Montalvo Ana M. , De Armas Yaxsier , Fraga Jorge , Blanco Orestes , Menéndez Reinaldo , Montoto Vicente , Capó de Paz Virginia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundLeishmaniasis represents a polymorphous group of diseases caused by around 20 different species of Leishmania parasite. Increases in the number of cases of leishmaniasis reported as a consequence of the growth in travel and migration are of concern to epidemiologists and are diagnostically challenging in non‐endemic areas.MethodsMolecular and histological analyses of a paraffin‐embedded skin biopsy were used in parallel to detect Leishmania parasites in a Cuban woman with suspicious lesions arriving in Cuba from Venezuela. Primers based on the 18S fragment of ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and heat shock protein 70 genes (hsp70) were used for molecular detection.ResultsHistological studies detected the presence of the parasite. A small fragment of Leishmania DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 18S fragment using, for the first time, nucleic acid obtained from paraffin‐embedded tissue as a template. Amplification of a larger fragment from the hsp70 gene did not occur.ConclusionsThe detection of Leishmania DNA from paraffin‐embedded tissue by means of 18S‐targeted PCR is a feasible approach to diagnosis. In combination with classical methods such as histology, the molecular detection of the parasite was demonstrated to be useful in confirming Leishmania infection in a traveler.
Adenanthin, a new inhibitor of thiol‐dependent antioxidant enzymes, impairs the effector functions of human natural killer cells
Authors: Siernicka Marta , Winiarska Magdalena , Bajor Malgorzata , Firczuk Malgorzata , Muchowicz Angelika , Bobrowicz Malgorzata , Fauriat Cyril , Golab Jakub , Olive Daniel , Zagozdzon Radoslaw 
Published: June 2015

SummaryNatural killer (NK) cells are considered critical components of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Deficiencies in NK cell activity are common, such as those that occur in cancer patients, and they can be responsible for dysfunctional immune surveillance. Persistent oxidative stress is intrinsic to many malignant tumours, and numerous studies have focused on the effects of reactive oxygen species on the anti‐tumour activity of NK cells. Indeed, investigations in animal models have suggested that one of the most important thiol‐dependent antioxidant enzymes, peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), is essential for NK cell function. In this work, our analysis of the transcriptomic expression pattern of antioxidant enzymes in human NK cells has identified PRDX1 as the most prominently induced transcript out of the 18 transcripts evaluated in activated NK cells. The change in PRDX1 expression was followed by increased expression of two other enzymes from the PRDX‐related antioxidant chain: thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. To study the role of thiol‐dependent antioxidants in more detail, we applied a novel compound, adenanthin, to induce an abrupt dysfunction of the PRDX‐related antioxidant chain in NK cells. In human primary NK cells, we observed profound alterations in spontaneous and antibody‐dependent NK cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells, impaired degranulation, and a decreased expression of activation markers under these conditions. Collectively, our study pinpoints the unique role for the antioxidant activity of the PRDX‐related enzymatic chain in human NK cell functions. Further understanding this phenomenon will prospectively lead to fine‐tuning of the novel NK‐targeted therapeutic approaches to human disease.
First‐Principles Study of Sc1−xTixF3 (x ≤ 0.375): Negative Thermal Expansion, Phase Transition, and Compressibility
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Cong , Sun Ying , Deng Sihao , Shi Kewen , Lu Huiqing , Hu Pengwei , Zhang Xiaoyun 
Published: June 2015

We present the first‐principles investigation of (x ≤ 0.375). Controllable thermal expansion of is achieved by different Ti contents. The negative thermal expansion (NTE) behavior is weakened gradually with increasing Ti content, which is consistent with experimental measurements. The Jahn–Teller effect plays an important role in the cubic‐to‐rhombohedral phase transition, which stems from the enhanced energy stability when the 3d orbitals of cation split into triply degenerate and sets. The unusual thermal stiffening of is found, which is similar to that of and but contrary to other NTE materials.
A Novel Scheme to Obtain Y2O2S:Er3+ Upconversion Luminescent Hollow Nanofibers via Precursor Templating
Authors: Han Lei , Pan Mengmeng , Hu Yanhua , Xie Yangfan , Liu Yangyang , Li Dan , Dong Xiangting 
Published: June 2015

Y2O3:Er3+ hollow nanofibers were prepared by calcination of the monoaxial electrospinning‐derived PVP/[Y(NO3)3+Er(NO3)3] composite nanofibers, and then Y2O2S:Er3+ hollow nanofibers were synthesized by sulfurization of the as‐obtained Y2O3:Er3+ hollow nanofibers via a double‐crucible method using sulfur powders as sulfur source. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the Y2O2S:Er3+ hollow nanofibers are pure hexagonal phase with the space group of . Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation indicates that the Y2O2S:Er3+ hollow nanofibers are obvious hollow‐centered with the outer diameter of 176 ± 25 nm. Upconversion emission spectrum analysis manifests that Y2O2S:Er3+ hollow nanofibers emit strong green and weak red upconversion emissions centering at 526, 546, and 667 nm, respectively. The green emissions and the red emission are, respectively, originated from 2H11/2/4S3/2→4I15/2 and 4F9/2→4Il5/2 energy levels transitions of the Er3+ ions. The emitting colors of Y2O2S:Er3+ hollow nanofibers are located in the green region in CIE chromaticity coordinates diagram. The formation mechanism of the Y2O2S:Er3+ hollow nanofibers is also advanced. This preparation technique can be applied to prepare other rare‐earth oxysulfides hollow nanofibers.
Malleable Thought: The Role of Craft Thinking in Practice‐Led Graphic Design
Authors: Ings Welby 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article considers the potential of craft processes as creative engagements in graphic design research. It initially discusses the uneasy history of craft within the discipline, then draws upon case studies undertaken by three established designers who, in their postgraduate theses, engaged with craft as a process of thinking. In doing so, the article discusses craft in relation to embodied creative experience, the culture of learning communities and disobedient thought.
Autonomy's Substance
Authors: Freyenhagen Fabian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this article, I argue that autonomy has to be conceived substantively in order to serve as the qualifying condition for receiving the full set of individual liberal rights. I show that the common distinction between content‐neutral and substantive accounts of autonomy is riddled with confusion and ambiguities, and provide a clear alternative taxonomy. At least insofar as we are concerned with liberal settings, the real question is whether or not the value(s) and norm(s) implied by an account of autonomy are acceptable to reasonable people, not whether these accounts are content‐neutral, procedural or input‐focused. Finally, I demonstrate how substantive constraints are compatible with, or even implied in, the notion of autonomy at play in (Rawls's) political liberalism. Overall, I present a normative reconstruction, clarification, and internal critique of liberalism, drawing on case law and statutes from England and Wales.
Biodiversity in the Mexican highlands and the interaction of geology, geography and climate within the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt
Authors: Mastretta‐Yanes Alicia , Moreno‐Letelier Alejandra , Piñero Daniel , Jorgensen Tove H. , Emerson Brent C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAim(1) To synthesize data on the physical and phylogeographical history of the Mexican highlands, with a focus on the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), and (2) to propose approaches and analyses needed for examining the interaction of climate and volcanism.LocationMexico.MethodsWe performed a literature and data survey of the climatic, geological and phylogeographical history of the Mexican highlands. We then assessed how the expected effects of topographic isolation, co‐occurring palaeoclimatic fluctuations and volcanism can be tested against the distribution of genetic diversity of high‐elevation taxa.ResultsThe Mexican highlands present a complex biogeographical, climatic and geological history. Montane taxa have been exposed to a sky‐island dynamic through climate fluctuations, allowing for long‐term in situ population persistence, while also promoting recent divergence and speciation events. Volcanic activity transformed part of the Mexican highlands during the Pleistocene, mainly in the TMVB, leading to co‐occurring climate and topographical changes. The TMVB highlands provide a suitable template to examine how low‐latitude mountains can facilitate both the long‐term persistence of biodiversity as well as allopatric and parapatric speciation driven by climatic and geological events.Main conclusionsClimate fluctuations, together with recent volcanism, have driven the diversification and local persistence of biodiversity within the Mexican highlands. The climate–volcanism interaction is challenging to study; however, this can be overcome by coupling genomic data with landscape analyses that integrate the geological and climatic history of the region.
Determinants of the Duration of European Appellate Court Proceedings in Cartel Cases
Authors: Smuda Florian , Bougette Patrice , Hüschelrath Kai 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe duration of appellate court proceedings is an important determinant of the efficiency of a court system. We use data of 263 appeals decisions referring to 54 cartels convicted by the European Commission between 2000 and 2012 to investigate the determinants of the duration of the subsequent one‐ or two‐stage appeals process. We find that while the speed of first‐stage appellate court decisions depend, inter alia, on authority‐related factors such as the complexity of the case, the clarity of the applied rules and regulations and previous or simultaneous US investigations, the second‐stage appellate court proceedings appear to be largely unaffected by those drivers.
Research Review: What we have learned about the causes of eating disorders – a synthesis of sociocultural, psychological, and biological research
Authors: Culbert Kristen M. , Racine Sarah E. , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundEating disorders are severe psychiatric disorders with a complex etiology involving transactions among sociocultural, psychological, and biological influences. Most research and reviews, however, focus on only one level of analysis. To address this gap, we provide a qualitative review and summary using an integrative biopsychosocial approach.MethodsWe selected variables for which there were available data using integrative methodologies (e.g., twin studies, gene‐environment interactions) and/or data at the biological and behavioral level (e.g., neuroimaging). Factors that met these inclusion criteria were idealization of thinness, negative emotionality, perfectionism, negative urgency, inhibitory control, cognitive inflexibility, serotonin, dopamine, ovarian hormones. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed. Variables were classified as risk factors or correlates of eating disorder diagnoses and disordered eating symptoms using Kraemer et al.'s (1997) criteria.FindingsSociocultural idealization of thinness variables (media exposure, pressures for thinness, thin‐ideal internalization, thinness expectancies) and personality traits (negative emotionality, perfectionism, negative urgency) attained ‘risk status’ for eating disorders and/or disordered eating symptoms. Other factors were identified as correlates of eating pathology or were not classified given limited data. Effect sizes for risk factors and correlates were generally small‐to‐moderate in magnitude.ConclusionsMultiple biopsychosocial influences are implicated in eating disorders and/or disordered eating symptoms and several can now be considered established risk factors. Data suggest that psychological and environmental factors interact with and influence the expression of genetic risk to cause eating pathology. Additional studies that examine risk variables across multiple levels of analysis and that consider specific transactional processes amongst variables are needed to further elucidate the intersection of sociocultural, psychological, and biological influences on eating disorders.
Decision to adopt medical technology under the National Health Insurance System in Taiwan: case study of new molecular targeted drugs among non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Chen Hung‐Lin , Shen Li‐Jiuan , Wei Chih‐Ping , Lu Hsin‐Min , Hsiao Fei‐Yuan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesMolecular targeted drugs (MTD), gefitinib and erlotinib, have been proven to provide clinical benefits to advanced stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Therefore, access to such medical innovations in time is critical for patients with the right indications. The aim of this study was to explore determinants of the adoption of MTD among NSCLC patients under Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) system.MethodsUsing Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database and Cancer Registry database as the data source, we identified 1555 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients who started their cancer treatment between 2004 and 2009. Patients were categorized into ‘non‐MTD’ and ‘MTD’ groups based on the cancer treatment they received. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to explore potential determinants associated with the adoption of MTD by adjusting for patient‐, disease‐, doctor‐, hospital‐level characteristics and changes of reimbursement schemes.ResultsDuring the study period, 562 (36%) NSCLC patients were classified as the ‘MTD group and 993 (64%) patients were the ‘non‐MTD’ group. Hierarchical logistic regression model showed that the elderly were less likely to receive MTD (OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.28–0.60). In contrast, patients whose cancer type was adenocarcinoma (OR = 2.99; 95% CI: 2.09–4.26) were more likely to receive MTD. Those who went to private hospitals (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.01–3.03) and hospitals with higher economic scale (OR = 3.00; 95% CI: 1.72–5.25) were more likely to receive MTD as well.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that both patient‐ and hospital‐level characteristics significantly affected the adoption of MTD among NSCLC patients.
Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Two Freshwater Peritrich Ciliates,Epistylis chlorelligerumShen 1980 andEpistylis chrysemydisBishop and Jahn 1941 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia)
Authors: Jiang Chuanqi , Shi Xinlu , Liu Guijie , Jiang Yu , Warren Alan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo populations ofEpistylis chlorelligerumShen 1980, a colonial limnetic peritrich ciliate, were collected from different locations in China:E. chlorelligerum1 from West Lake, Hangzhou;E. chlorelligerum2 from East Lake, Wuhan. The morphology, infraciliature andSSU rRNAgene sequence of the two populations were investigated based on living and protargol‐stained specimens. Although both populations are consistent with previous descriptions of protargol‐stained specimens of this species, some differences in the morphology in vivo were observed. The two populations had identicalSSU rRNAgene sequences. A second species,Epistylis chrysemydisBishop and Jahn 1941, was also collected from East Lake, Wuhan, and was investigated for its morphology, infraciliature andSSU rRNAgene sequence. Phylogenetic analyses based onSSU rRNAgene sequence data indicate that the two populations ofE. chlorelligerumare nested within the Epistylididae clade nearE. wenrichiandE. urceolata.Epistylis chrysemydisis sister to the group comprisingE. chlorelligerum,E. wenrichi, andE. urceolata.
Genetic variants of Kudoa septempunctata (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida), a flounder parasite causing foodborne disease
Authors: Takeuchi F , Ogasawara Y , Kato K , Sekizuka T , Nozaki T , Sugita‐Konishi Y , Ohnishi T , Kuroda M 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFoodborne disease outbreaks caused by raw olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) parasitized with Kudoa septempunctata have been reported in Japan. Origins of olive flounders consumed in Japan vary, being either domestic or imported, and aquaculture‐raised or natural. Although it is unknown whether different sources are associated with different outcomes, it is desirable to identify whether this is the case by determining whether unique K. septempunctata strains occur and if so, whether some are associated with foodborne illness. We here developed an intraspecific genotyping method, using the sequence variation of mitochondrial genes. We collected olive flounder samples from foodborne disease outbreaks, domestic fish farms or quarantine offices and investigated whether K. septempunctata genotype is associated with pathogenicity or geographic origin. The 104 samples were classified into three genotypes, ST1, ST2 and ST3. Frequency of symptomatic cases differed by genotypes, but the association was not statistically significant. Whereas K. septempunctata detected from aquaculture‐raised and natural fish from Japan were either ST1 or ST2, those from fish inspected at quarantine from Korea to Japan were ST3. Our method can be applied to phylogeographic analysis of K. septempunctata and contribute to containing the foodborne disease. The genotype database is hosted in the PubMLST website (http://pubmlst.org/kseptempunctata/).
The devil is in the detail: who is actually at risk from flooding in England and Wales?
Authors: Fielding J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPublished sources claim that ‘one in six’ properties are at overall flood risk in England and Wales. However, an attempt to replicate that proportion using publicly available data proved difficult, estimating one in five properties in England and one in four properties in Wales at overall flood risk, and even higher risk estimates for non‐residential properties alone, especially in Wales. For comparative purposes, a primary analysis was conducted which found that the estimated fluvial and tidal flood risk for properties (residential and non‐residential) is one in twelve in England and one in nine in Wales. Discussions include the importance of the unit of analysis (people/properties) and also of property type (households/businesses). This paper reveals several discrepancies in published data and proportions at risk, and will emphasise that if ‘good evidence’ is needed to inform policy, then we need to be very specific about what kinds of risk, and to whom, we are reporting.