bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinician's Toolbox: Assessing the Sexual Impacts of Cancer on Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer (AYAC)
Authors: Aubin Sylvie , Perez Samara 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Adolescents and young adults aged 15-39 years who have been diagnosed with cancer (AYAC) have unique medical and psychosocial needs. Following their cancer treatments, AYAC must learn to manage the sometimes irreversible general side effects of cancer treatments including side effects that impact their sexuality. These side effects include but are not limited to: infertility, altered body/physical appearance, and sexual dysfunction. Such effects may hinder AYAC efforts to date and experiment sexually, limiting sexual maturation and confidence, as well as the formation or maintenance of meaningful couple and sexual relationships. It is clear that we need to tailor our clinical approaches to ensure that we assess the unique needs and concerns faced by AYAC.

Aims
Based on consistent study findings substantiating the distinctive needs of AYAC, the main objective of this article is to present the core clinical components involved in assessing sexuality among AYAC.

Methods
The clinical recommendations are based on the authors and experts' clinical experiences coupled with a thorough examination of the literature related to AYAC sexuality.

Main Outcome Measures
This article first describes the three components (clinical interview, review of chart notes, and self-report questionnaires) of a sexuality assessment and the seven core domains that highlight target areas of focus.

Results
A detailed outline of each of the core domains of assessment (socio-demographics; medical history; fertility and sexually transmitted infection; sexual functioning; sexual coping style; body and self-image; and sexual history and dating/couple experience) is presented. A “toolbox” table containing useful resources for clinicians (e.g., questionnaires and red flags) and direct resources for AYAC patients are included.

Conclusion
Cancer can have a significant impact on numerous domains of AYAC sexuality. The assessment of and attention to the impact of sexuality on AYAC is crucial in order to provide effective and comprehensive quality patient cancer care.
The creation of a comprehensive metocean data set for offshore wind turbine simulations
Authors: Stewart Gordon M. , Robertson Amy , Jonkman Jason , Lackner Matthew A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA database of meteorological and ocean conditions is presented for use in offshore wind energy research and design. The original data are from 23 ocean sites around the USA and were obtained from the National Data Buoy Center run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The data are presented in a processed form that includes the variables of interest for offshore wind energy design: wind speed, significant wave height, wave peak‐spectral period, wind direction and wave direction. For each site, a binning process is conducted to create conditional probability functions for each of these variables. The sites are then grouped according to geographic location and combined to create three representative sites, including a West Coast site, an East Coast site and a Gulf of Mexico site. Both the processed data and the probability distribution parameters for the individual and representative sites are being hosted on a publicly available domain by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, with the intent of providing a standard basis of comparison for meteorological and ocean conditions for offshore wind energy research worldwide. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromosom 14-assoziierte Imprintingsyndrome – Temple- und Kagami-Ogata-Syndrome
Authors: Elbracht Miriam , Buiting Karin , Bens Susanne , Siebert Reiner , Horsthemke Bernhard , Gillessen-Kaesbach Gabriele , Eggermann Thomas 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung
In Analogie zu den bekannten Imprintingstörungen der elterlich geprägten Regionen auf Chromosom 15 (Prader-Willi-/Angelman-Syndrom) und Chromosom 11 (Beckwith-Wiedemann-/Silver-Russell-Syndrom) existieren auch für die Imprintingregion 14q32 zwei molekular gegensätzliche syndromale Störungen. Aufgrund der ersten klinischen Beschreibungen und des häufigsten molekularen Basismechanismus dieser Störungen erfolgte die Namensgebung zunächst als upd(14)mat- bzw. upd(14)pat-Syndrom (upd, uniparentale Disomie). Da das klinische Bild aber auch durch chromosomale Imbalancen und Epimutationen der Region 14q32 hervorgerufen wird, wurden die Bezeichnungen Temple-Syndrom (TS14, upd(14)mat) und Kagami-Ogata-Syndrom (KOS14, upd(14)pat) vorgeschlagen.
Das KOS14 zeichnet sich durch ein charakteristisches klinisches Bild aus, welches bereits intrauterin durch das Auftreten eines Polyhydramnions, eines glockenförmigen Thorax (bell-shaped thorax) mit „Kleiderbügel ähnlichen“ Rippen (coathanger rips) und einer kritischen Perinatalperiode gekennzeichnet ist. Der faziale Phänotyp mit vollen Wangen, eingesunkener Nasenwurzel, vorstehendem Philtrum, Mikrognathie und einem kurzen, breiten Nacken ist wiedererkennbar. Es liegen erste Hinweise auf ein erhöhtes Risiko für das Auftreten eines Hepatoblastoms vor. Hingegen handelt es sich beim TS14 um eine weniger spezifische und variablere Störung, die vor allem durch einen prä- und postnatalen Kleinwuchs und eine vorzeitige Pubertätsentwicklung gekennzeichnet ist. Es bestehen sowohl Übereinstimmungen mit dem PWS als auch Parallelen zu Patienten mit SRS. Nach neueren Erkenntnissen ist die mentale Retardierung kein konstantes Merkmal des TS14.
In den meisten Fällen ist das Wiederholungsrisiko für das Auftreten eines TS14 oder eines KOS14 bei Geschwistern eines betroffenen Kindes klein. Es kann aber in Abhängigkeit des zugrunde liegenden molekularen Defektes bis zu 50 % betragen, sodass eine entsprechende Diagnostik im Rahmen einer genetischen Beratung erfolgen sollte.
Oscillatory motion and wake of a bubble rising in a thin-gap cell
Authors: Filella Audrey , Ern Patricia , Roig Véronique 
Published: July 2015

We investigate the characteristics of the oscillatory motion and wake of confined bubbles freely rising in a thin-gap cell ($h=3.1~\text{mm}$ width). Once the diameter $d$ of the bubble in the plane of the cell is known, the mean vertical velocity of the bubble $V_{b}$ is proportional to the gravitational velocity $(h/d)^{1/6}\sqrt{gd}$, where $g$ is the gravitational acceleration. This velocity is used to build the Reynolds number $Re=V_{b}d/{\it\nu}$ that characterizes the flow induced by the bubble in the surrounding liquid (of kinematic viscosity ${\it\nu}$), and which determines at leading order the mean deformation of the bubble given by the aspect ratio ${\it\chi}$ of the ellipse equivalent to the bubble contour. We then show that in the reference frame associated with the bubble (having a fixed origin and axes corresponding to the minor and major axes of the equivalent ellipse) the characteristics of its oscillatory motion in the plane of the cell display remarkable properties in the range $1200<Re<3000$ and $h/d<0.4$. In particular, the velocity of the bubble presents along its path an almost constant component along its minor axis (fluctuations in time of approximately 5 %), given by $V_{a}/V_{b}\simeq 0.92$ for all $Re$. The dimensionless amplitude of oscillation of the angular velocity is also constant for all $Re$, $\tilde{r}d/V_{b}\simeq 0.75$, while that of the transverse velocity of the bubble (along its major axis) is given by $\tilde{V}_{t}/V_{b}\simeq 0.32{\it\chi}$, reaching values comparable to those of the axial velocity $V_{a}$ for the most deformed bubbles (${\it\chi}\approx 3$). Furthermore, the frequency $f$ of oscillation scales with the inertial time scale based on the transverse velocity of the bubble $\tilde{V}_{t}$, corresponding to a constant Strouhal number $St^{\ast }=fd/\tilde{V}_{t}\simeq 0.27$. Using high-frequency particle image velocimetry, we investigate in detail the properties of the wake associated with the oscillatory motion of sufficiently confined bubbles. We observe that vortex shedding occurs for a maximal transverse velocity $V_{t}$ of the bubble, corresponding to a maximal drift angle of the bubble. Furthermore, the measured vorticity of the vortex at detachment corresponds to the estimation $V_{b}{\it\chi}^{3/2}/d$ of the vorticity produced at the bubble surface. Three stages then emerge concerning the evolution in time of the wake generated by the bubble. For one to two periods of oscillation $T_{x}$ following the release of a vortex, a rapid decay of the vorticity of the released vortex is observed. Meanwhile, the released vortex located initially at a distance of approximately one diameter from the bubble centre moves outwards from the bubble path and expands. At intermediate times, the vortex street undergoes vortex pairing. When viscous effects become predominant at a time of the order of the viscous time scale ${\it\tau}_{{\it\nu}}=h^{2}/(4{\it\nu})$, the vortex street becomes frozen and decays exponentially in place.
Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406): A Precursor of Intercivilizational Discourse
Authors: GAMARRA YOLANDA 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article shows how the political, historical, sociological, and economic narrative of Ibn Khaldun influenced the conjunction of elements that were essential to the civilizing language promoted by European and American liberals in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The ‘standard of civilization’ has experienced a revival among critical legal scholars. These authors have reconstructed a historical process of ‘rise, fall, and rise’ of the ‘standard of civilization’, identifying its reappearance in an era of globalization and global governance with the current existence of a (neo-)colonial paradigm in international law and a (neo-)liberal global economy. This study is divided into three parts intended to examine in depth the precursory role of this Islamic thinker in the shaping of civilizing language. The first part examines Ibn Khaldun's life as a way of understanding his thinking on civilization. The second part explores the influence of Ibn Khaldun's work on the discourse surrounding the standard of civilization, by reintroducing the interpretation of Rafael Altamira (1866–1951). The third starts with Ibn Khaldun's writings on economic science and Joseph Spengler's (1902–1991) approach to his works. Several Islamic economic institutions and their influence on the state and concept of international society are examined. The revival of Ibn Khaldun's thinking is partly intended to fill an existing gap in the studies of medieval Islamic theorists. By examining his ideas about the socio-political and economic viability of a dynasty (or a civilization or a state), this article attempts to shed light on the intercultural origins of international law.
Whatever Happened to Gramsci? Some Reflections on New Legal Realism
Authors: KLABBERS JAN 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article responds to five pieces published in the previous issue of theLeiden Journal of International Law, extolling the virtues of a new legal realism. I first express some doubts as to whether an awful lot can and should be expected from yet another new approach to the study of international law; earlier approaches widely heralded have quietly disappeared from sight, sometimes without leaving much trace. Subsequently, I discuss the extent to which the new international legal realism conceptualizes its notion of empirical reality, followed by a discussion on which interests the new insights spawned by new legal realism are to serve.
SIRT1 is involved in oncogenic signaling mediated by GPER in breast cancer
Authors: Santolla M F , Avino S , Pellegrino M , De Francesco E M , De Marco P , Lappano R , Vivacqua A , Cirillo F , Rigiracciolo D C , Scarpelli A , Abonante S , Maggiolini M 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA number of tumors exhibit an altered expression of sirtuins, including NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) that may act as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter mainly depending on the tumor types. For instance, in breast cancer cells SIRT1 was shown to exert an essential role toward the oncogenic signaling mediated by the estrogen receptor-α (ERα). In accordance with these findings, the suppression of SIRT1 led to the inhibition of the transduction pathway triggered by ERα. As the regulation of SIRT1 has not been investigated in cancer cells lacking ER, in the present study we ascertained the expression and function of SIRT1 by estrogens in ER-negative breast cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts obtained from breast cancer patients. Our results show that 17β-estradiol (E2) and the selective ligand of GPER, namely G-1, induce the expression of SIRT1 through GPER and the subsequent activation of the EGFR/ERK/c-fos/AP-1 transduction pathway. Moreover, we demonstrate that SIRT1 is involved in the pro-survival effects elicited by E2 through GPER, like the prevention of cell cycle arrest and cell death induced by the DNA damaging agent etoposide. Interestingly, the aforementioned actions of estrogens were abolished silencing GPER or SIRT1, as well as using the SIRT1 inhibitor Sirtinol. In addition, we provide evidence regarding the involvement of SIRT1 in tumor growth stimulated by GPER ligands in breast cancer cells and xenograft models. Altogether, our data suggest that SIRT1 may be included in the transduction network activated by estrogens through GPER toward the breast cancer progression.
Rapid Column-Free Enrichment of Mononuclear Cells from Solid Tissues
Authors: Scoville Steven D. , Keller Karen A. , Cheng Stephanie , Zhang Michael , Zhang Xiaoli , Caligiuri Michael A. , Freud Aharon G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe have developed a rapid negative selection method to enrich rare mononuclear cells from human tissues. Unwanted and antibody-tethered cells are selectively depleted during a Ficoll separation step and there is no need for magnetic-based reagents and equipment. The new method is fast, customizable, inexpensive, remarkably efficient and easy to perform and per sample the overall cost is less than one-tenth the cost associated with a magnetic column-based method.
Activation of TRESK channels by the inflammatory mediator lysophosphatidic acid balances nociceptive signalling
Authors: Kollert Sina , Dombert Benjamin , Döring Frank , Wischmeyer Erhard 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons TRESK channels constitute a major current component of the standing outward current IKSO. A prominent physiological role of TRESK has been attributed to pain sensation. During inflammation mediators of pain e.g. lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are released and modulate nociception. We demonstrate co-expression of TRESK and LPA receptors in DRG neurons. Heterologous expression of TRESK and LPA receptors in Xenopus oocytes revealed augmentation of basal K+ currents upon LPA application. In DRG neurons nociception can result from TRPV1 activation by capsaicin or LPA. Upon co-expression in Xenopus oocytes LPA simultaneously increased both depolarising TRPV1 and hyperpolarising TRESK currents. Patch-clamp recordings in cultured DRG neurons from TRESK[wt] mice displayed increased IKSO after application of LPA whereas under these conditions IKSO in neurons from TRESK[ko] mice remained unaltered. Under current-clamp conditions LPA application differentially modulated excitability in these genotypes upon depolarising pulses. Spike frequency was attenuated in TRESK[wt] neurons and, in contrast, augmented in TRESK[ko] neurons. Accordingly, excitation of nociceptive neurons by LPA is balanced by co-activation of TRESK channels. Hence excitation of sensory neurons is strongly controlled by the activity of TRESK channels, which therefore are good candidates for the treatment of pain disorders.
Orexin receptors exert a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) via heterodimerization with GPR103
Authors: Davies Julie , Chen Jing , Pink Ryan , Carter David , Saunders Nigel , Sotiriadis Georgios , Bai Bo , Pan Yanyou , Howlett David , Payne Annette , Randeva Harpal , Karteris Emmanouil 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOrexins are neuropeptides that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and feeding behaviour. QRFP is a newly discovered neuropeptide which exerts similar orexigenic activity, thus playing an important role in energy homeostasis and regulation of appetite. The exact expression and signalling characteristics and physiological actions of QRFP and its receptor GPR103 are poorly understood. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients experience increased nocturnal activity, excessive daytime sleepiness and weight loss. We hypothesised therefore that orexins and QRFP might be implicated in the pathophysiology of AD. We report that the down-regulation of hippocampal orexin receptors (OXRs) and GPR103 particularly in the cornu ammonis (CA) subfield from AD patients suffering from early onset familial AD (EOFAD) and late onset familial AD (LOAD). Using an in vitro model we demonstrate that this downregulation is due to to Aβ-plaque formation and tau hyper-phosphorylation. Transcriptomics revealed a neuroprotective role for both orexins and QRFP. Finally we provide conclusive evidence using BRET and FRET that OXRs and GPR103 form functional hetero-dimers to exert their effects involving activation of ERK1/2. Pharmacological intervention directed at the orexigenic system may prove to be an attractive avenue towards the discovery of novel therapeutics for diseases such as AD and improving neuroprotective signalling pathways.
Nuclear volume effects in equilibrium stable isotope fractionations of mercury, thallium and lead
Authors: Yang Sha , Liu Yun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe nuclear volume effects (NVEs) of Hg, Tl and Pb isotope systems are investigated with careful evaluation on quantum relativistic effects via the Dirac’s formalism of full-electron wave function. Equilibrium 202Hg/198Hg, 205Tl/203Tl, 207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb isotope fractionations are found can be up to 3.61‰, 2.54‰, 1.48‰ and 3.72‰ at room temperature, respectively, larger than fractionations predicted by classical mass-dependent isotope fractionations theory. Moreover, the NVE can cause mass-independent fractionations (MIF) for odd-mass isotopes and even-mass isotopes. The plot of "Equation missing"vs. "Equation missing" for Hg-bearing species falls into a straight line with the slope of 1.66, which is close to previous experimental results. For the first time, Pb4+-bearing species are found can enrich heavier Pb isotopes than Pb2+-bearing species to a surprising extent, e.g., the enrichment can be up to 4.34‰ in terms of 208Pb/206Pb at room temperature, due to their NVEs are in opposite directions. In contrast, fractionations among Pb2+-bearing species are trivial. Therefore, the large Pb fractionation changes provide a potential new tracer for redox conditions in young and closed geologic systems. The magnitudes of NVE-driven even-mass MIFs of Pb isotopes (i.e., "Equation missing") and odd-mass MIFs (i.e., "Equation missing") are almost the same but with opposite signs.
Mutant p53 promotes ovarian cancer cell adhesion to mesothelial cells via integrin β4 and Akt signals
Authors: Lee Jong-Gyu , Ahn Ji-Hye , Jin Kim Tae , Ho Lee Jae , Choi Jung-Hye 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMissense mutations in the TP53 gene resulting in the accumulation of mutant proteins are extremely common in advanced ovarian cancer, which is characterised by peritoneal metastasis. Attachment of cancer cells to the peritoneal mesothelium is regarded as an initial, key step for the metastatic spread of ovarian cancer. In the present study, we investigated the possible role of a p53 mutant in the mesothelial adhesion of ovarian cancer cells. We found that OVCAR-3 cells with the R248 TP53 mutation (p53R248) were more adhesive to mesothelial Met5A cells than were A2780 cells expressing wild-type p53. In addition, ectopic expression of p53R248 in p53-null SKOV-3 cells significantly increased adhesion to Met5A cells. Knockdown of mutant p53 significantly compromised p53R248-induced cell adhesion to Met5A cells. Microarray analysis revealed that several adhesion-related genes, including integrin β4, were markedly up-regulated and certain signalling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, were activated in p53R248 transfectants of SKOV-3 cells. Inhibition of integrin β4 and Akt signalling using blocking antibody and the inhibitor LY294002, respectively, significantly attenuated p53R248-mediated ovarian cancer-mesothelial adhesion. These data suggest that the p53R248 mutant endows ovarian cancer cells with increased adhesiveness and that integrin β4 and Akt signalling are associated with the mutation-enhanced ovarian cancer-mesothelial cell adhesion.
Temporal processing in the auditory brainstem response by full-term 6-week- and 9-month-old infants
Authors: Mai Xiaoqin , Tardif Twila , Xu Lin , Li Mingyan , Kileny Paul R. , Shao Jie , Lozoff Betsy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEarly auditory temporal processing abilities are important for language acquisition and for later reading abilities. In the present study, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded in a forward-masking paradigm in healthy, full-term infants aged 6 weeks (n = 111) and 9 months (n = 62). Our purpose was to establish normative values of forward-masking ABRs and investigate the development of auditory temporal processing in infants at these ages. Infants were presented with pairs of stimuli (an initial “masker” followed by a “probe”) separated by different time intervals (8, 16 and 64 ms). Results showed that as masker-probe intervals became longer and as infants got older, Wave V latency to the probe shortened. The greatest improvements in Wave V latencies from 6 weeks to 9 months of age were observed in the 64-ms masker-probe interval, suggesting that central auditory nervous system related to the temporal processing at this interval might undergo rapid development during the first year of life.
Hybrid-Lambda: simulation of multiple merger and Kingman gene genealogies in species networks and species trees
Authors: Zhu Sha , Degnan James H. , Goldstien Sharyn J. , Eldon Bjarki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere has been increasing interest in coalescent models which admit multiple mergers of ancestral lineages; and to model hybridization and coalescence simultaneously.ResultsHybrid-Lambdais a software package that simulates gene genealogies under multiple merger and Kingman’s coalescent processes within species networks or species trees.Hybrid-Lambdaallows different coalescent processes to be specified for different populations, and allows for time to be converted between generations and coalescent units, by specifying a population size for each population. In addition,Hybrid-Lambdacan generate simulated datasets, assuming the infinitely many sites mutation model, and compute theFSTstatistic. As an illustration, we applyHybrid-Lambdato infer the time of subdivision of certain marine invertebrates under different coalescent processes.ConclusionsHybrid-Lambdamakes it possible to investigate biogeographic concordance among high fecundity species exhibiting skewed offspring distribution.