bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Med-Peds Hospitalist Workforce: Results From the American Academy of Pediatrics Workforce Survey
Authors: Donnelly Michael J. , Lubrano Lauren , Radabaugh Carrie L. , Lukela Michael P. , Friedland Allen R. , Ruch-Ross Holly S. 
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVE:
There is no published literature about the med-peds hospitalist workforce, physicians dually trained in internal medicine and pediatrics. Our objective was to analyze this subset of physicians by using data from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) workforce survey to assess practice patterns and workforce demographics. We hypothesized that demographic differences exist between hospitalists and nonhospitalists.

METHODS:
The AAP surveyed med-peds physicians from the Society of Hospital Medicine and the AAP to define workforce demographics and patterns of practice. We compared self-identified hospitalists with nonhospitalist physicians on multiple characteristics. Almost one-half of the hospitalists self-identified as being both primary care physicians and hospitalists; we therefore also compared the physicians self-identifying as being both primary care physicians and hospitalists with those who identified themselves solely as hospitalists.

RESULTS:
Of 1321 respondents, 297 physicians (22.4%) self-reported practicing as hospitalists. Hospitalists were more likely than nonhospitalists to have been practicing &lt;10 years (P &lt; .001), be employed by a health care organization (P &lt; .001), work &gt;50 hours per week (P &lt; .001), and see only adults (P &lt; .001) or children (P = .03) in their practice rather than a mix of both groups. Most, 191/229 (83.4%), see both adults and children in practice, and 250/277 (90.3%) stated that their training left them well prepared to practice both adult and pediatric medicine.

CONCLUSIONS:
Med-peds hospitalists are more likely to be newer to practice and be employed by a health care organization than nonhospitalists and to report satisfaction that their training sufficiently prepared them to see adults and children in practice.
Parent and Provider Perspectives on Pediatric Readmissions: What Can We Learn About Readiness for Discharge?
Authors: Brittan Mark , Albright Karen , Cifuentes Maribel , Jimenez-Zambrano Andrea , Kempe Allison 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND:
Readmissions are an increasingly recognized quality metric that will likely affect payments to children’s hospitals. Our aim was to inform future efforts to reduce readmissions by eliciting parent and provider perceptions of pediatric readmissions.

METHODS:
We interviewed English- and Spanish-speaking parents and inpatient providers of children with medical diagnoses who had unplanned readmissions (≤7 days). Parents were interviewed one-on-one during the readmission. Providers were interviewed in person or by phone within 1 week of the patient’s second discharge. Interviewees were queried about their perceptions of the reason for readmission and whether the readmission was preventable. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content methods. Code categories were developed and emergent themes independently identified by 2 analysts.

RESULTS:
The study included 30 readmitted children (median age 17 months, 70% male, 80% White or Hispanic, and 66% publically insured). We interviewed 30 parents (23% Spanish speaking) and 27 discharging or readmitting providers. Parents and providers identified several major factors as causing readmissions, including child related (health and symptoms), parent/family related (adherence to recommended care), provider/team related (medical management), communication difficulties, home supports, and quality of discharge teaching. Parents and providers had differing interpretations of the role or magnitude of these factors. Lack of shared understanding between parents and providers emerged as a potentially important cause of readmissions.

CONCLUSIONS:
We identified lack of shared understanding and communication difficulties between parents and providers as potential causes of readmission. Further research is needed to determine if improvements in identifying and addressing such problems can reduce pediatric readmissions.
Reinventing Race, Colonization, and Globalisms across Deep Time: Lessons from theLongue Durée
Authors: Heng Geraldine 
Published: November 2015

In July 1099, after three years of levantine military adventure during which new latin christian colonies were fashioned at edessa and Antioch, the transnational forces from Europe later known as the First Crusade finally captured their principal target: Jerusalem. Three eyewitness chronicles attest to the bloodbath that followed. Fulcher of Chartres, chaplain to one of the foremost Crusade leaders, estimated that “ten thousand were beheaded” at the Temple of Solomon alone(Chronicle77). The anonymous author of theGesta Francorum (The Deeds of the Franks)averred, “No-one has ever seen or heard of such a slaughter of pagans” (92). Raymond d'Aguiliers, chaplain to another Crusade leader, was effusive:Some of the pagans were mercifully beheaded, others pierced by arrows plunged from towers, and yet others, tortured for a long time, were burned to death in searing flames. Piles of heads, hands, and feet lay in the houses and streets, and indeed there was a running to and fro of men and knights over the corpses…. [T]hese are few and petty details…. Shall we relate what took place there? If we told you, you would not believe us. So it is sufficient to relate that in the Temple of Solomon and the portico crusaders rode in blood to the knees and bridles of their horses. In my opinion, this was poetic justice…. Jerusalem was now littered with bodies. (Historia127-28)
RETENÇÃO DE ÁGUA EM UM LATOSSOLO EM RECUPERAÇÃO COM ADUBOS VERDES
Authors: Bonini Carolina dos Santos Batista , Bonini Neto Alfredo , Heinrichs Reges , Soares Filho Cecílio Viega 
Published: November 2015

RESUMOA degradação dos solos é caracterizada pela mudança na qualidade da estrutura, provocando diminuição no tamanho dos poros, especialmente dos macroporos, o que leva à redução na área da seção transversal para o fluxo de água. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a retenção de agua de um Latossolo em recuperação com adubos verdes. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizados, com 9 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: Testemunha (solo mobilizado); Mucuna-preta (Stizolobiumaterrimum Piper & Tracy); Guandu (CajanuscajanL. Millsp), até 1994, após substituído por Feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformes L);Calcário+Mucuna-preta; Calcário+Guandu até 1994, após substituído por Feijão-de-porco; Calcário+Gesso+Mucuna-preta;Calcário+Gesso+Guandu, até 1994, após substituído por Feijão-de-porco, duas Testemunhas T1 - Solo exposto (sem técnica de recuperação) e T2 - Vegetação nativa de Cerrado. Todos os tratamentos de recuperação após 1999 foram conduzidos com Brachiaria decumbens.Foi realizada coleta de solo (amostras indeformadas), nas camadas de 0,00-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40m para a determinação da retenção de água no solo, no ano de 2010. Os tratamentos de recuperação não influenciaram a retenção de agua no solo. A vegetação nativa do cerrado obteve menor valor, devido a melhor distribuição de tamanho de poros. Observou que quanto maior a retenção de água, maior a microporosidade do solo.Conclui-se que o solo ainda não está recuperado avaliando a retenção de agua no solo.Na camada superficial do solo, a retenção de agua é menor do que nas camadas mais profundas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:porosidade do solo. área degradada. Matéria orgânica.
PEMBUATAN ALAT UKUR KECEPATAN RESPON MANUSIA BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER AT 89S8252
Authors: Wulandari Ika Puspita 
Published: November 2015

A human movement as a response of something is always different for each individual. However, the response is often difficult to measure because it is very flexible and sometimes are very subjective. Research was conducted with the goal to design and create tools measure the response speed of human-based mikrokontroller AT89S8252 and determine the level of accuracy tool. Measu rement tool consists of 4 switch, ie, 2, and for tester 2 for participants who tested, 2 indicator LED, buzzer, 4 buttons (menu, enter, select and cancel), speaker, and MK AT89S8252. LCD as a display. For the data on the motor response and eye response, motor ears done 9 times as much for each individual. Before the test on the motor response, eye and ear motor is done, first time on the tool dikalibrasikan using the time on the stopwatch 1 / 1000. After that the process of testing carried out by determining the response to be conducted, the examiner pressing switch S1 or S2 switch, then LED1 or LED2 akan buzzer or light simultaneously. Participants must be tested first with a quick switch press switch S3 or S4 to stop the buzzer and the process of calculation. Step response of the data on the eyes and ears are the same. In the process of calibration equipment with time using the stopwatch 1 / 1000 data obtained 9. The relative error deviation of 2.5% was obtained, the accuracy produced by means of measuring the speed of human response, 97.5%. Boundary condition is the human response that is the limit of 3 is very good (one limit), normal / good (limit two), poor (limit three). In the testing of motor response in humans that use LED indicator, the data better than a motor ear response data, is due to the rapid Rambat different. LED light will reach the human eye without the lapse of time, but the sound or the sound will reach the human ear after the time interval. <br /><br />Kata Kunci:Kecepatan, Gerak, Respon, Mikrokontroller<br /><br />
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA GENETIK UNTUK OPTIMASI TRANSFER DAYA PADA SISTEM SENSOR GAS METANA
Authors: Melania Suweni Muntini Muthmainnah, 
Published: November 2015

Pada pengukuran perubahan gejala fisis digunakan sensor yang dirangkai dengan pengkondisi sinyal dan komponen elektronik lain. Pemilihan pengkondisi sinyal sangat penting karena menentukan efektifitas transfer daya antara sensor dan pengkondisi sinyal. Transfer daya optimum akan terjadi pada saat nilai resistansi sensor (RS) sama dengan resistansi beban (RL). Pada makalah penelitian ini disajikan hasil optimasi transfer daya yang bertujuan untuk mengoptimumkan daya yang ditransfer dari sensor gas metana ke pengkondisi sinyal. Metode optimasi yang digunakan adalah algoritma genetik dengan tegangan sensor (VS) dan resistansi beban (RL) sebagai kromosom. Pemilihan probabilitas crossover 0,8 dan probabilitas mutasi 0,2. Pada penelitian ini jumlah populasi yang digunakan adalah 1000 dan 200 generasi. Hasil optimasi ditentukan dengan fungsi fitness yang menggambarkan daya maksimum dengan nilai optimum tegangan sensor (VS) 4,724 Volt dan resistansi beban (RL) 450,6556 Ohm. Kondisi tersebut dicapai pada generasi ke 46 dan daya yang ditransfer adalah 0,1981 Watt.<br />Kata Kunci : Algoritma genetik, Generasi, Optimasi, Pengkondisi sinyal, Transfer daya.<br /><br />
INTERPRETASI STRUKTUR BAWAH PERMUKAAN GUNUNG MURIA MENGGUNAKAN ANALISA DATA GRAVITASI
Authors: Balulu Nasrun 
Published: November 2015

A geophysical survey using gravity method was carried out in Muria volcano. This research aimed to interpret the subsurface geology condition of the research area based on gravity data analysis. Research area is (47,6 x 45) km2 with 222 observation points. Gravitymeter LaCoste &amp; Romberg type G-1118 MVR was used to measure the gravity field, and differential method of Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to measure the position and elevation.<br /><br />Data processing was performed to gain complete Bouguer anomaly of both residual and regional. Bouguer density using graphical method resulted to the value of 2.67 gr/cm3. Transformation to a horizontal plane was performed obtain by using equivalent mass method with horizontal level’s height of 1602 meters beyond the spheroid reference and equivalent The separation of regional anomaly and residual anomaly was generated through upward continuation method and resulted to regional anomaly in the height of 15000 meters up the spheroid reference. The residual anomaly acquired by subtract the regional anomaly toward the complete Bouguer anomaly in a horizontal plane.<br /><br />The subsurface modelling of Muria volcano and its surrounding was acquired from Grav2DC for Windows. The result shows that Muria volcano and its surrounding was regionally controlled by rock resulted from volcanic processes as lava (density 2,91 gr/cm3). This volcanic rock due to the gravity collapse performed a caldera filled by andesit (density 2,58 gr/cm3). Another rock which is deposited in Muria volcano are tuff from Muria Tuff (density 2,4 gr/cm3), tuff sandstone from Patiayam formation (density 2,5 gr/cm3), limestone from Bulu formation (density 2,7 gr/cm3), and limestone from Ngrayong formation (density 2,8 gr/cm3).<br /><br />Keywords:Bouguer anomaly, Regional anomaly, Residual anomaly, Modeling, Subsurface stracture.<br /><br />
PENGARUH TEMPERATUR PEMBAKARAN DAN PENAMBAHAN ABU TERHADAP KUALITAS BATU BATA
Authors: Erna Hastuti Miftakhul Huda, 
Published: November 2015

Tanah yang berasal dari desa Pagedangan kecamatan Turen banyak mengandung kaolinite (AL2Si2O5) dan anothite, sodian, disordered (Ca, Na, Si, A). Kaolinite terbentuk dari perubahan hidrotermal dari mineral–mineral aluminosilikat. Batuan granit merupakan sumber terbesar penghasil kaolinite yang bersifat tidak dapat mengabsorsi air dan tidak mengembang pada saat kontak dengan air. Sehingga lempung desa Pagedangan kecamatan Turen berpotensi dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan keramik bermutu tinggi. Pada penelitian ini dibuat batu bata dengan variasi komposisi tanah liat dan abu dengan perbandingan 1:0, 1: ½, 1:1, 1:3 dan dipanaskan pada temperatur sintering 950°C, 1000°C dan 1020°C. Untuk mengetahui kualitas batu bata dilakukan pengujian karakteristik (Uji tekan, porositas, densitas, dan susut bakar) . Hasil karakteristik didapatkan kualitas batu bata yang memenuhi standart SNI yaitu pada variasi 1: ½ yang dipanaskan pada temperatur 1020°C dengan hasil uji tekan sebesar 11 kN atau 30.5 kg/cm2, nilai densitas 1,188.104kg/cm3, porositas 11.2%, dan nilai susut bakar 0.52%. Batu bata yang berkualitas baik menggunakan variasi 1: ½ dan dipanaskan pada temperatur 1000°C-1020°C.<br /><br />Kata Kunci: Batu Bata, Sintering, Uji Tekan<br /><br />
FABRIKASI FERROGEL BERBAHAN DASAR NANOPARTIKEL MAGNETIT (Fe3O4) DARI HASIL SINTESIS PASIR BESI PANTAI UTARA JAWA DAN SIFAT MAGNETO-ELASTISITASNYA
Authors: Rahmawati Retno , Handayani Handayani 
Published: November 2015

<p>Iron sand is one of natural materials that has been widely explored and so far is only used as building materials. This research provides solutions to increase the economic values of iron sand, by preparing ferrogel from iron sand. The purpose of this research is to prepare Fe3O4 nanoparticles-based-ferrogel from synthetic Fe3O4 prepared from iron sand. The iron sand was obtained from north coast of Central Java. The preparation of synthetic Fe3O4 produced nanoparticles having a size of 82,42 – 110,9 nm . The characterization using XRD indicated that Fe2O4 content in the iron sand was 30%, and increased to 76% in the synthetic materials. In addition, the synthetic materials has additional phase of Al0.95 Ga0.05. The ferrogel was prepared by mixing the synthetic materials with PVA (Polyphinyl alcohol). The ferrogel was characterized for its magnetoelasticity properties so that it can be used for artificial muscles. The results of magneto-elasticity ferrogel characterization showed that the higher the concentration of Fe3O4 filler in PVA matrix, the higher the deviation and elongation. However, the impurity of Al0.95 Ga0.05 in the ferrogel seemed to cause its magnetoelasticity to be less than optimum.</p>
IDENTIFIKASI SEBARAN DAN TINGKAT KESUBURAN MANGROVE MELALUI PEMANTAUAN INDEKS VEGETASI DARI SATELIT LANDSAT 7.0 ETM+ MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY LOGIC (Studi Kasus Pantai Pesisir Timur Surabaya / Pamurbaya)
Authors: Wulandari Dhyah , Samsu H Farid 
Published: November 2015

<p>Mangrove adalah tanaman pepohonan hidup diantara laut dan daratan, yang pertumbuhannya dipengaruhi oleh pasang-surut. Mangrove dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai biomassa dan juga memiliki aspek-aspek ekologis. Berkaitan dengan perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat, membuat manusia melakukan model pendekatan untuk melakukan komputasi dengan meniru akal manusia yang salah satunya yaitu sistem <em>Fuzzy </em>Logic. <em>Fuzzy </em>Logic merupakan pengambilan keputusan yang sesuai untuk konsep tidak pasti.Dengan memanfaatkan Citra Landsat 7.0 ETM+ dapat mempermudah mendapatkan informasi tanpa menyentuh objek penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui luas dan sebaran serta tingkat kesuburan mangrove di wilayah Pamurbaya pada tahun 2002 bulan September.</p> <p>Tahapan penelitian terdapat 3 bagian, yaitu: pengolahan citra Landsat, pengambilan data, dan pengolahan data. Pengolahan citra Landsat bertujuan mengkombinasi saluran yang dibutuhkan untuk analisis citra. Pengambilan data meliputi NDVI, LAI, Kerapatan dan Suhu permukaan. Pengolahan data bertujuan untuk menghitung luas, mengamati sebaran mangrove, dan mengetahui tingkat kesuburannya menggunakan Logika Fuzzy. Digunakan 3 variabel inputan sebagai karakteristik kesuburan mangrove yaitu NDVI, Kerapatan dan Suhu pemukaan.</p> <p>Dari proses tersebut, diperoleh hasil penelitian, bahwa luas mangrove wilayah Pamurbaya pada tahun</p> <p>2002 mencapai 4.838 Ha sedangkan sebarannya meliputi Kecamatan Sukolilo, Rungkut dan Gunung Anyar. Enam titik di Kecamatan Sukolilo memiliki status tingkat kesuburan subur tingkat rendah dengan nilai kesuburan 50 dan satu titik memiliki status tingkat kesuburan sedang tingkat rendah dengan nilai kesuburan 21,94. Tiga titik di Kecamatan Rungkut mengalami status tingkat kesuburan tingkat rendah dan satu titik memiliki status tidak subur dengan nilai kesuburan 14,13. Satu titik di Kecamatan Gunung Anyar dengan status tingkat kesuburan subur tingkat rendah dengan nilai kesuburan 50. Hasil ini ditampilkan pada GUI Matlab untuk mempermudah dalam mengetahui sebaran mangrove dan titik-titik pengambilan data.</p>
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENJERNIH AIR LIMBAH CAIR LAUNDRY DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PENYARING KOMBINASI PASIR – ARANG AKTIF
Authors: Setyobudiarso Hery , Yuwono Endro 
Published: November 2015

<p>Perkembangan jasa pencucian pakaian <em>(laundry)</em> berkontribusi pada peningkatan penggunaan air tanah dan pemakaian deterjen sehingga menghasilkan limbah cair yang dapat mencemari lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sistem pengolahan air limbah <em>laundry</em> menjadi air bersih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh bahan penyaring pasir silika, zeolit dan arang aktif terhadap hasil olahan air limbah<em> laundry</em> dan mengetahui pengaruh tekanan dan waktu pemakaian reaktor penyaring. Metode pengolahan yang digunakan adalah filtrasi menggunakan filtrasi pasir silika, adsorpsi karbon aktif, serta gabungan pengolahan filtrasi pasir aktif dan adsorpsi karbon aktif untuk menghasilkan air bersih.</p> <p>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode pengolahan koagulasi dan flokulasi, filtrasi pasir aktif, adsorpsi karbon aktif serta gabungan filtrasi pasir aktif dan adsorpsi karbon aktif mampu menurunkan kekeruhan hingga batas maksimum air bersih. Karakteristik limbah <em>laundry</em> pada tekanan 1 bar memiliki nilai warna, COD dan TSS yang cenderung menurun dari menit ke 20 hingga menit ke 60 , warna nilai 138, COD 908 mg/l dan TSS 215 mg/l. Sedangkan pada tekanan 2 bar memiliki nilai warna, COD dan TSS yang cenderung menurun dari menit ke 20 hingga menit ke 60 , masing-masing masing-masing warna nilai 40, COD 746 mg/l dan TSS 210 mg/l. Air yang dihasilkan bukan merupakan air bersih tetapi aman untuk dibuang ke lingkungan.</p>
PENGARUH SUHU TERHADAP PENAMBAHAN BAKTERI Eschericia coli O157:H7 DALAM URIN UNTUK PEMBENTUKAN BIOFILM DAN PRODUKSI ELEKTRON
Authors: Wahdi Ahmad Riza , Fitrianingsih Avin Ainur 
Published: November 2015

<p>Kebutuhan energi listrik di Indonesia yang terus meningkat telah memicu dilakukannya berbagai riset ke arah teknologi inovatif yang lebih efektif, efisien dan ramah lingkungan untuk memproduksi energi listrik. Salah satu teknologi alternatif yang bisa dikembangkan adalah Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) yang berbasis prinsip bioelektrokimia dengan memanfaatkan urin dan mikroorganisme bakteri <em>Eschericia Coli</em> untuk memecah substrat sehingga menghasilkan energi listrik.</p> <p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur efisiensi Urin dan bakteri <em>Eschericia Coli</em> dalam menghasilkan elektron dan mengetahui pembentukan biofilm yang terjadi, Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi eksperimental dengan melakukan uji perbandingan hasil Kuat Arus dan Tegangan pada perlakuan variasi temperatur dan nilai <em>Optical Density</em> yang dihasilkan, serta Daya Hantar Listrik.</p> <p>Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu pada od 0 dengan nilai Imax 1,815 A dan Vmax 0,849 V pada suhu 37ºC, dan nilai Power Density 559,125 mW .Pada beberapa nilai OD dan perlakuan variasi temperatur di dapat nilai kuat arus dan Tegangan mengalami kenaikan ini bisa terjadi karena bakteri <em>E.coli </em>yang digunakan sedang berada pada fase eksponensial. Ada juga nilai kuat arus dan tegangan mengalami penurunan, Penurunan ini terjadi sehubungan dengan kondisi bakteri yang mulai memasuki fase kematian. dan penurunan kuat arus dan tegangan juga bisa<em> </em>terjadi sehubungan dengan aktivitas bakteri di dalam anoda yang lama kelamaan dapat membentuk <em>Biofilm </em>pada permukaan elektroda dan semakin tinggi konsentrasi suatu larutan semakin tinggi daya hantar listriknya atau konduktivitasnya.</p>
KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIS MEMBRAN POLIMER MATRIK KOMPOSIT(PMC) DARI KARBON AKTIF TEMPURUNG KELAPA UNTUK ADSORBSI LOGAM BERAT PADA MINYAK GORENG BEKAS
Authors: Nurmayanti Vivi , Hastuti Erna 
Published: November 2015

Minyak goreng yang sudah berulangkali dipanaskan akan berwarna hitam dan mengandung logam-logam berat. Untuk meremajakannya diperlukan teknologi alternatif yang mampu mereduksi logam berat pada minyak goreng bekas. Salah satunya adalah membran PMC yang digunakansebagai filter. Membran di uji sifat fisis (debit aliran, kerapatan, porositas) dengan variasi ukuran mesh dan komposisi karbon aktif tempurung kelapa. Matrik<em> </em>berasal dari campuran 0.3 gr PEG, 5 ml PVA, dan 5 ml Aquades. Filler berupa serbuk karbon aktif berasal dari limbah tempurung kelapa. Membran di buat dengan variasi ukuran mesh 60, 100, 120 mesh dan komposisi 1, 3, dan 5 gr. Karbon aktif diperoleh dari tempurung kelapa dengan teknik pemanasan pada temperatur 500<sup>o </sup>C dan aktifasi kimia dengan larutan H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4 </sub>5 M. Hasil terbaik ditunjukkan pada membran dengan penambahan karbon aktif 5 gram 120 mesh yang memiliki efektifitas penyaringan paling baik dan adsorbsi logam berat paling maksimal. Debit aliran semakin meningkat dengan nilai 0.0333 (ml/menit) dan kerapatan membran semakin kecil 0.95534 (gr/cm) dengan porositas 0.39 %. Hasil AAS menunjukan logam Cu mengalami penurunan kadar logam sebesar 0.0819 mg/L dan logam Fe 0.0285 mg/L. Membran ini merupakan membran mikrofiltrasi dengan rata-rata pori-pori 160.4 nm yang mampu mereduksi partikel dan bakteri dengan ukuran 400 nm hingga 2 µm