bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copulation without seminal expulsion: the consequence of sexual satiation and the Coolidge effect
Authors: Lucio R. A. , Rodríguez‐Piedracruz V. , Tlachi‐López J. L. , García‐Lorenzana M. , Fernández‐Guasti A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe studies of sexual satiety in male rats under the Coolidge effect indicate that males reassume copulation until ejaculation. Recently, it was demonstrated that sexually satiated males preserve the motor patterns of intromission and ejaculation, also penile erection, but not seminal expulsion. The first aim was to investigate if penile erections displayed by sexually satiated males dislodge the seminal plugs from the vagina and its effect on sperm transcervical transport. The second aim was to determine the recovery time of seminal expulsion after sexual satiety and its optimal ability to induce pregnancy. Results show that during the Coolidge effect males were able to dislodge the seminal plugs deposited by others (experiment 1A) disturbing the sperm transport (experiment 1B) then interfering with pregnancy (experiment 1C). After satiation, the ejaculate parameters recover slowly: it starts after 10 days with the seminal plug formation, and continues with an increase in sperm count in the uterus 15 days post‐satiety (experiment 2). Sexually satiated males impregnated only 28% of the females during 15 days of cohabitation, whereas, satiated males that rested for 15 days impregnated 89% of the females (experiment 3). We concluded that males with successive ejaculations remain potential rivals, because they may disrupt the sperm transport of other males. The ejaculate features recovery after sexual satiety is gradual, begins with the secretions of the sex accessory glands and is followed by the sperm count. Full fertility recovery is reached after 15 days of sexual abstinence when males are able to impregnate most females.
Hepatitis C virus NS3/4A quasispecies diversity in acute hepatitis C infection in HIV‐1 co‐infected patients
Authors: Nevot M. , Boesecke C. , Parera M. , Andrés C. , Franco S. , Revollo B. , Ingiliz P. , Tural C. , Clotet B. , Rockstroh J. K. , Martinez M. A. ,   the NEAT study group
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe growing number of cases of acute hepatitis C (AHC) infections among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1)‐positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in the last 10 years has promoted the search for predictors of AHC clearance as well as for epidemiological networks of viral transmission. We characterized the diversity and catalytic efficiency of HCV NS3/4A protease quasispecies in AHC patients coinfected with HIV‐1. Plasma samples obtained at HCV diagnosis from 18 MSM HIV‐coinfected patients with AHC were studied. Five HCV monoinfected patient samples with AHC were also investigated. An average of 39 clones from each sample was analysed. The catalytic efficiency of the dominant quasispecies (i.e. the most abundant) from each quasispecies was also assayed for mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein (MAVS) cleavage. Phylogenetic analysis identified two clusters of patients with highly related viruses, suggesting a common source of HCV infection. None of the 18 MSM HIV‐coinfected patients spontaneously cleared HCV, although 78% of the treated patients achieved a sustained virological response after early treatment with pegylated interferon (pegIFN) plus ribavirin (RBV). The synonymous‐nonsynonymous (ds/dn) mutation ratio, a marker of selective pressure, was higher in AHC compared to 26 HIV‐1‐infected men with genotype 1a chronic hepatitis C (CHC) (P < 0.0001). NS3/4A proteases from AHC patients also exhibited higher catalytic efficiency compared to CHC patients (P < 0.0001). No differences were found when ds/dn mutation ratios and NS3/4A protease catalytic efficiencies from AHC HIV‐coinfected patients were compared with AHC monoinfected patients. The presence of epidemiological networks of HCV transmission was confirmed among HIV‐1‐positive MSM. In addition, substantial genetic diversity was demonstrated in AHC. NS3/4A protease efficiency cleaving MAVS may be associated with virus transmission and response to pegIFN/RBV treatment.
From Hume's Dictum Via Submergence to Composition as Identity or Mereological Nihilism
Authors: Bohn Einar Duenger 
Published: March 2014

AbstractI show that a particular version of Hume's Dictum together with the falsity of Composition as Identity entails an incoherency, so either that version of Hume's Dictum is false or Composition as Identity is true. I conditionally defend the particular version of Hume's Dictum in play, and hence conditionally conclude that Composition as Identity is true. I end by suggesting an alternative way out for a persistent foe of Composition as Identity, namely mereological nihilism.
Testing the temporal stability of individual differences in the acquisition and generalization of fear
Authors: Torrents‐Rodas David , Fullana Miquel A. , Bonillo Albert , Andión Oscar , Molinuevo Beatriz , Caseras Xavier , Torrubia Rafael 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe studied the temporal stability of individual differences in the acquisition and generalization of fear. Seventy‐one participants were tested in two almost identical fear‐acquisition and fear‐generalization sessions (separated by 8 months). Acquisition and generalization were measured by the fear‐potentiated startle, the skin conductance response, and online expectancies of the unconditioned stimulus. To control for the effects of previous experience, different stimuli were used for half of the participants in Session 2. Acquisition and generalization did not differ across sessions or as a function of the stimuli used in Session 2, and a significant proportion of individual differences in these processes was stable over time (generalizability coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.38). When the same stimuli were used, acquisition measures showed compromised stability. The results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and applied implications.
Altered frontal EEG asymmetry in obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Ischebeck Moritz , Endrass Tanja , Simon Daniela , Kathmann Norbert 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHemispheric topography of alpha band power in the electroencephalogram has been linked to approach/avoidance motivation and may index the risk for anxiety disorders and depression. We quantified lower alpha band power (8–10 Hz) in 20 patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and 20 matched healthy controls during blocks of rest and presentation of neutral, aversive, and OCD‐related pictures. Compared to the control group, OCD patients showed altered asymmetry, with frontal alpha power in the 8–10 Hz band being more dominant in the left hemisphere across all conditions. This alteration was not observed over parietal areas, and also did not show in the upper alpha, and the theta and beta bands. This change in hemispheric topography of lower alpha band power supports the hypothesis of relatively increased avoidance motivation in OCD. Altered asymmetry appears to be traitlike in OCD, suggesting a link to depressive disorders.
A Biophysical Analysis of Mitochondrial Movement: Differences Between Transport in Neuronal Cell Bodies Versus Processes
Authors: Narayanareddy Babu Reddy Janakaloti , Vartiainen Suvi , Hariri Neema , O'Dowd Diane K. , Gross Steven P. 
Published: March 2014

There is an increasing interest in factors that can impede cargo transport by molecular motors inside the cell. Although potentially relevant (Yi JY, Ori‐McKenney KM, McKenney RJ, Vershinin M, Gross SP, Vallee RB. High‐resolution imaging reveals indirect coordination of opposite motors and a role for LIS1 in high‐load axonal transport. J Cell Biol 2011;195:193–201), the importance of cargo size and subcellular location has received relatively little attention. Here we address these questions taking advantage of the fact that mitochondria – a common cargo – in Drosophila neurons exhibit a wide distribution of sizes. In addition, the mitochondria can be genetically marked with green fluorescent protein (GFP) making it possible to visualize and compare their movement in the cell bodies and in the processes of living cells. Using total internal reflection microscopy coupled with particle tracking and analysis, we quantified the transport properties of GFP‐positive mitochondria as a function of their size and location. In neuronal cell bodies, we find little evidence for significant opposition to motion, consistent with a previous study on lipid droplets (Shubeita GT, Tran SL, Xu J, Vershinin M, Cermelli S, Cotton SL, Welte MA, Gross SP. Consequences of motor copy number on the intracellular transport of kinesin‐1‐driven lipid droplets. Cell 2008;135:1098–1107). However, in the processes, we observe an inverse relationship between the mitochondrial size and velocity and the run distances. This can be ameliorated via hypotonic treatment to increase process size, suggesting that motor‐mediated movement is impeded in this more‐confined environment. Interestingly, we also observe local mitochondrial accumulations in processes but not in cell bodies. Such accumulations do not completely block the transport but do increase the probability of mitochondria–mitochondria interactions. They are thus particularly interesting in relation to mitochondrial exchange of elements.
Coinfusion of dextrose‐containing fluids and red blood cells does not adversely affect in vitro red blood cell quality
Authors: Keir Amy K. , Hansen Adele L. , Callum Jeannie , Jankov Robert P. , Acker Jason P. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundTransfusion guidelines advise against coinfusing red blood cells (RBCs) with solutions other than 0.9% saline. We evaluated the impact of coinfusion with dextrose‐containing fluids (DW) on markers of RBC quality.Study Design and MethodsA pool‐and‐split design was used to allow conditions to be tested on each pool within 2 hours of irradiation. Three pools at each storage age (5, 14, and 21 days) were created for each phase. In Phase 1, samples were infused through a neonatal transfusion apparatus alone or with treatment solutions: D5W, D10W, D5W/0.2% saline, and 0.9% saline. In Phase 2, samples were incubated alone or in a 1:1 ratio with treatment solutions and tested after 5, 30, and 180 minutes. Hemolysis, supernatant potassium, RBC indices, morphology, and deformability were measured on all samples.ResultsIn Phase 1, RBCs transfused alone through the apparatus had higher (p < 0.01) hematocrit, total hemoglobin, and supernatant potassium compared to all other groups. No statistical differences were identified between groups for other measured variables. In Phase 2, mean corpuscular volume of all samples containing DW increased with incubation length and were higher (p < 0.01) than RBCs incubated alone or with 0.9% saline after 30 and 180 minutes. RBCs incubated with D5W and D5W/0.2% saline had greater (p < 0.05) hemolysis than RBCs alone after 180 minutes.ConclusionIn vitro characteristics of RBCs coinfused with 0.9% saline or D10W were not adversely impacted. When developing clinical studies in neonates, we recommend use of D10W and a transfusion apparatus that minimizes the contact volume of the coinfusate with the RBC.
AABB validation study of the CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module adverse events definitions protocol
Authors: AuBuchon James P. , Fung Mark , Whitaker Barbee , Malasky Jacquelyn 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe utility of a hemovigilance system depends on appropriate, reproducible application of system definitions. This is even more important when submissions are not reviewed by an adjudicating body. We sought to determine how participants would code adverse reactions at institutions that had or had not received training on the application of definitions used in the CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module (HVM).Study Design and MethodsFacilities that were (11) or were not (11) submitting adverse reaction data to the HVM reviewed 36 hypothetical cases containing elements of 37 case definitions from 12 different diagnostic groups. Respondents were required to determine the type of adverse event, if any, and assign a case definition (diagnostic probability), severity, and imputability using the January 2013 HVM Surveillance Protocol definitions. Those submitting HVM data had access to an instructional slide set prepared by CDC using similar hypothetical cases. Concordance with expert analysis was determined for the two groups of respondents.ResultsThe frequencies of agreement with the expert assessment were not different according to prior training exposure in any of the diagnostic groups, and results were totaled across both groups. Response accuracy varied by type of categorization (adverse event type, 72.1%; match with case definition, 76.5%; severity, 69.6%; imputablity, 64.4%) and by type of adverse event.ConclusionDespite delineated definitions, considerable variability in responses was seen, and this was not reduced by the available training. This degree of inconsistency in application of the surveillance definitions could degrade the utility of comparative reports.
A longitudinal study of Babesia microti infection in seropositive blood donors
Authors: Leiby David A. , Johnson Stephanie T. , Won Kimberly Y. , Nace Eva K. , Slemenda Susan B. , Pieniazek Norman J. , Cable Ritchard G. , Herwaldt Barbara L. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundBabesia infection is caused by intraerythrocytic tick‐borne parasites. Cases of transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis have been increasingly recognized. To date, no Babesia test has been licensed for screening US blood donors. We conducted a longitudinal study to assess the course and markers of Babesia infection among seropositive donors identified in a seroprevalence study.Study Design and MethodsEligible donors had B. microti indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titers of 64 or greater. Enrollees were monitored up to 3 years, by IFA and three methods for evidence of parasitemia: B. microti nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis (at two laboratories), hamster inoculation, and blood‐smear examination.ResultsAmong 115 eligible donors, 84 (73%) enrolled. Eighteen enrollees (21%) had evidence of parasitemia for 30 total specimens (17% of 181), which were collected in 9 different months and tested positive by various approaches: PCR (25 specimens/16 persons), hamster inoculation (13 specimens/8 persons), and blood smear (one specimen positive by all three approaches). Overall, 14 persons had one or more specimen with positive PCR results at both laboratories (12 persons) and/or had parasitologically confirmed infection (eight persons). Three of nine persons who had more than one specimen with evidence of parasitemia had nonconsecutive positives. Several enrollees likely had been infected at least 1 year when their last positive specimen was collected. The final three specimens for seven persons tested negative by all study methods, including IFA.ConclusionSeropositive blood donors can have protracted low‐level parasitemia that is variably and intermittently detected by parasitologic and molecular methods. Donor‐screening algorithms should include serologic testing and not solely rely on molecular testing.
Expression of tissue factor in canine mammary tumours and correlation with grade, stage and markers of haemostasis and inflammation
Authors: Andreasen E. B. , Nielsen O. L. , Tranholm M. , Knudsen T. , Kristensen A. T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTissue factor (TF) expression in human cancers has been associated with a procoagulant state and facilitation of metastasis. This study was conducted in order to evaluate if TF was expressed in canine mammary tumours. Forty epithelial mammary tumours from 28 dogs were included. TF expression of the tumours was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody against recombinant canine TF. In addition, thromboelastography, haemostatic and inflammatory parameters were evaluated in the patients. TF was recognized in 44% of benign and 58% of malignant tumours. TF localized to the cytoplasmic membrane of neoplastic luminal epithelial cells and/or diffusely in the cytoplasm. No association was found between TF expression and stage or grade of disease. A significant association between TF expression and antithrombin and plasminogen was found, and extensive TF expression was seen in a lymph node metastasis classified as anaplastic mammary carcinoma from a dog with concomitant disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Draft Genome Sequence of an Invasive Multidrug-Resistant Strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BK1, Isolated from a Keratitis Patient
Authors: Jeganathan Lakshmi Priya , Prakash Logambiga , Sivakumar Neelamegam , Antony Aju , Alqarawi Sami , Prajna Lalitha , Devarajan Bharanidharan , Mohankumar Vidyarani 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infections are difficult to treat due to the presence of a multitude of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
P. aeruginosa
BK1, an invasive and multidrug-resistant strain, isolated from a bacterial keratitis patient in southern India.
Genome Sequence of the Quorum-Quenching Rhodococcus erythropolis Strain R138
Authors: Kwasiborski Anthony , Mondy Samuel , Beury-Cirou Amélie , Faure Denis 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Rhodococcus erythropolis
strain R138 was isolated from the rhizosphere of
Solanum tuberosum
and selected for its capacity to degrade
N
-acyl-homoserine lactones, quorum-sensing signals used as communication molecules by the potato pathogens
Pectobacterium
and
Dickeya
. Here, we report the genome sequence of
Rhodococcus erythropolis
strain R138.
Differences in Vascular Nitric Oxide and Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor Bioavailability in Blacks and Whites
Authors: Ozkor Muhiddin A. , Rahman Ayaz M. , Murrow Jonathan R. , Kavtaradze Nino , Lin Ji , Manatunga Amita , Hayek Salim , Quyyumi Arshed A. 
Published: March 2014

Objective—
Abnormalities in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability have been reported in blacks. Whether there are differences in endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in addition to NO between blacks and whites and how these affect physiological vasodilation remain unknown. We hypothesized that the bioavailability of vascular NO and EDHF, at rest and with pharmacological and physiological vasodilation, varies between whites and blacks.

Approach and Results—

In 74 white and 86 black subjects without known cardiovascular disease risk factors, forearm blood flow was measured using plethysmography at rest and during inhibition of NO with N
G
-monomethyl-
l
-arginine and of K
+
Ca
channels (EDHF) with tetraethylammonium. The reduction in resting forearm blood flow was greater with N
G
-monomethyl-
l
-arginine (
P
=0.019) and similar with tetraethylammonium in whites compared with blacks. Vasodilation with bradykinin, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside was lower in blacks compared with whites (all
P
<0.0001). Inhibition with N
G
-monomethyl-
l
-arginine was greater in whites compared with blacks with bradykinin, acetylcholine, and exercise. Inhibition with tetraethylammonium was lower in blacks with bradykinin, but greater during exercise and with acetylcholine.

Conclusions—
The contribution to both resting and stimulus-mediated vasodilator tone of NO is greater in whites compared with blacks. EDHF partly compensates for the reduced NO release in exercise and acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation in blacks. Preserved EDHF but reduced NO bioavailability and sensitivity characterizes the vasculature in healthy blacks.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier: NCT00166166.
Impaired Glucose Regulation Predicted 1-Year Mortality of Chinese Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jia Qian , Liu Gaifen , Zheng Huaguang , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Chunxue , Wang Yilong , Liu Liping , Wang Yongjun 
Published: March 2014

Background and Purpose—
It remains uncertain if impaired glucose regulation (IGR) as a predictor for stroke outcomes. This study aimed at observing the effect of IGR on the 1-year outcomes in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited consecutively in multihospitals across China. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed to identify IGR. Cox proportion hazard model was performed to investigate the effect of IGR on 1-year mortality or stroke recurrence in patients with ischemic stroke.

Results—

The study recruited 2639 patients with ischemic stroke. IGR was shown as an independent risk factor for the mortality of patients with ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 3.088 [1.386–6.884];
P
=0.006). However, IGR showed no significant effects on the dependency or stroke recurrence of patients (
P
=0.540 and 0.618, respectively).

Conclusions—
IGR was an independent predictor for the mortality of patients with ischemic stroke. IGR should be highlighted and intervened actively in the patients with ischemic stroke.
Injury in Minipig Parotid Glands following Fractionated Exposure to 30 Gy of Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Wang Ren‐Sheng , Zhang Ting‐Ting , Xu Zhuo‐Hua , Hu Kai , Shi Yu , Long Sha , Yue Hai‐Ying 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of 30 Gy of 60Co γ‐rays on apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in minipig parotid cells as a possible mechanism for radiation‐induced parotid injury.Study DesignExperimental study.SettingDepartment of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.Subjects and MethodsForty male minipigs were divided into control and irradiated groups. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick‐end labeling was used for detecting apoptosis in the parotid cells, immunohistochemistry, and western blots were used to test expression of the B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) and BCL2‐associated X (Bax) proteins, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the expression of Bcl‐2, Bax, p53, and caspase‐3 messenger ribonucleic acid. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect ROS levels in the parotid tissue.ResultsAt each time point, the apoptotic rates in the irradiated group were higher than those in the control group. Furthermore, the ROS and expression levels of Bax, p53, and caspase‐3 messenger ribonucleic acid and proteins gradually increased and were higher than those in the control group. Conversely, the expression of Bcl‐2 was decreased in the irradiated group (P <. 05).ConclusionsIonizing radiation induces the production of ROS and promotes changes in the expression of several apoptotic proteins, which increases apoptosis and likely contributes to the mechanism of radiation‐induced parotid injury.