bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antemortem Cranial Trauma in Ancient Mesopotamia
Authors: Sołtysiak A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAs a result of a review of the available literature and some unpublished sources, data on ante mortem cranial trauma have been gathered for 25 archaeological sites from Mesopotamia, dated from the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic to the modern period. In total, 31 healed cranial lesions have been noted in 28 out of 1278 individuals, and the general frequency of this condition was 2.2%. Both men and women were affected, with no clear preference noted, and sharp‐force trauma was rare; therefore, intra‐group violence and accidents were more likely causes of most lesions than military activities. The frequency of ante mortem trauma was higher in earlier periods (before the end of the third millennium BCE); the size of lesions increased with time, and healed lesions were more common in the northern periphery of Mesopotamia than in the core area. All this may be the consequence of early state formation and the establishment of professional armies, which made most farmers and city dwellers less involved in violent conflicts than in other parts of the Near East where the observed frequency of violence‐related injuries was much higher than in Mesopotamia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remains of the Dead: Exploring a Human Anatomical Collection from Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Cardoso F. Alves , Lira V. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOsteological lesions can be important to positively identify human remains in forensic contexts, as well as contribute to past population studies. However, their analysis requires training and appropriate research conditions, which may be lacking in certain geographic areas as, for example, the northern region of Brazil. Emphasising existing resources, such as anatomical collections, may help to address this issue. This study explores the anatomical collection of Professor Dr. Manuel da Silva Braga of the Federal University of Pará (Brazil), introducing the traumatic lesions identified in seven crania (13.7%; 7/51) of male (four) and female (three) individuals. The sample profile and the cases identified are in accordance with the pattern of violent victims in the region. This study is the first of its kind in the Pará State, contributing with case studies and examples, to the disciplines of biological anthropology, paleopathology, and bioarchaeology and forensic discipline. It also highlights the significance that anatomical collections may have in the development of those disciplines, suggesting a need for reappraisal and reevaluation of existing resources, as these may be of use for training and research. Lastly, this study builds a bridge towards the social and cultural context of the collection, reinforcing the value of an interdisciplinary approach to human remains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly[N‐(10‐oxo‐2‐vinylanthracen‐9(10H)‐ylidene)cyanamide] as a novel cathode material for li‐organic batteries
Authors: Schmidt Daniel , Häupler Bernhard , Stolze Christian , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTRedox‐active polymers draw significant attention as active material in secondary batteries during the last decade. A new anthraquinone‐based redox‐active monomer was designed, which electrochemical behavior was tailored by mono‐modification of one keto group. The monomer exhibits two one‐electron redox reactions and has a low molar mass, resulting in a high theoretical capacity of 207 mAh/g. The polymerization of the monomer was optimized by variation of solvent and initiator. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior was studied using cyclic voltammetry and the polymer was used as active material in a composite electrode in lithium organic batteries. The polymer reveals a cell potential of 2.3 V and a promising capacity of 137 mAh/g. During the first 100 cycles, the capacity drops to 85% of the initial value. The influence of the charging speed on the charging/discharging properties of the batteries was further investigated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2517–2523
Utilization of poly(vinylchloride) and poly(vinylidenefluoride) as macroinitiators for ATRP polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate: Electroanalytical and graft‐copolymerization studies
Authors: Lanzalaco Sonia , Galia Alessandro , Lazzano Flavia , Mauro Rosalia Rita , Scialdone Onofrio 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe utilization of poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) and poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) as macroinitiators for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was studied performing electroanalytical investigations and “grafting from” experiments to evaluate the potential modification of such commercial polymers by ATRP. The study was performed changing various operating parameters such as the nature of the copper salt, the ligand, the solvent, the temperature, and the reaction time. Electroanalytical data suggest that PVC can be easily activated by both CuCl/Tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) and CuCl/Tris[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6TREN), two catalytic systems widely adopted for ATRP reactions, in a wide range of operating conditions. PVDF is more difficult to be activated, due to the higher strength of the CF bond. In particular, the utilization of high temperature and of a more reductant redox couple such as Cu(I)Me6TREN/Cu(II)Me6TREN was needed to achieve a significant degree of grafting. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2524–2536
Compliance to exercise‐oncology guidelines in prostate cancer survivors and associations with psychological distress, unmet supportive care needs, and quality of life
Authors: Galvão Daniel A. , Newton Robert U. , Gardiner Robert A. , Girgis Afaf , Lepore Stephen J. , Stiller Anna , Occhipinti Stefano , Chambers Suzanne K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine prevalence of Australian prostate cancer survivors meeting contemporary exercise‐oncology guidelines and identify associations with distress, unmet supportive care needs, and quality of life.MethodsA population‐based cohort of 463 prostate cancer survivors who were on 10.8 months post‐curative therapy was assessed for compliance with current exercise guidelines for cancer survivors, motivational readiness for physical activity, psychological distress, unmet supportive care needs, and quality of life.ResultsOnly 57 men (12.3%) reported sufficient exercise levels (150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of strenuous exercise per week and twice weekly resistance exercise), 186 (40.2%) were insufficiently active, and 220 (47.5%) were inactive. Among inactive men, 99 (45.0%) were in the contemplation or preparation stage of motivation readiness. Inactive men had higher global distress (p = 0.01) and Brief Symptom Inventory‐Anxiety (p < 0.05) than those who were insufficiently active. Total Supportive Care Needs and International Prostate Cancer Symptom scores were higher in inactive than insufficiently and sufficiently active men (p < 0.05). Lack of physical activity contributed to poorer quality of life.ConclusionsOnly a small proportion of Australian prostate cancer survivors met contemporary exercise‐oncology recommendations despite increasing recognition of exercise to improve patient outcomes. Strategies are urgently required to increase prostate cancer survivors' participation in aerobic and resistance exercise training.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elevation of one hour plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing
Authors: Sheikh Saba , Putt Mary E. , Forde Kimberly A. , Rubenstein Ronald C. , Kelly Andrea 
Published: June 2015

SummaryObjectivesIn cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, elevations in 1 hr plasma glucose (PG1) during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test are common, but of unclear long‐term clinical relevance. Thus, we examined associations of PG1 with percent‐predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1% predicted), CF exacerbations, and CF related diabetes (CFRD) development.Study DesignWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 80 pediatric patients with CF (43 males) followed over 5 years in a single CF center. We considered the association between elevated versus normal PG1 (greater vs. no greater than 160 mg/dl) and linear changes in FEV1% predicted over time for males and female, as well as the odds of a CF exacerbation and the odds of developing CFRD.ResultsNo significant difference in FEV1% predicted between normal versus elevated PG1 was found at baseline, or over time in males or females. However, males with elevated PG1 tended to have worse FEV1% predicted over time than those with normal PG1 (reduction of 0.9 FEV1% predicted/year, 95%CI: −2.5, 0.6). Subjects with PG1 > 160 mg/dl were more likely to develop CFRD (OR 4.5, 95%CI: 1.7, 18.7, P = 0.04) but CF exacerbation risk was similar in both groups.ConclusionThe risk of CFRD increases with PG1 > 160 mg/dl. No statistically significant evidence of an association between elevated PG1 and pulmonary function was found, yet our results do not exclude the possibility that in males, elevated PG1 may signal adverse changes in FEV1% predicted over time. This possibility requires further study with a larger sample size. Pediatr Pulmonol. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:963–969. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Larvicidal activity of Magnolia denudata seed hydrodistillate constituents and related compounds and liquid formulations towards two susceptible and two wild mosquito species
Authors: Wang Zhang‐qian , Perumalsamy Haribalan , Wang Mo , Shu Shaohua , Ahn Young‐Joon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnopheles sinensis, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes transmit malaria, dengue fever and West Nile virus diseases respectively. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of 17 constituents from Magnolia denudata seed hydrodistillate (MD‐SHD) and four experimental MD‐SHD liquid formulations (10–50 mg L−1 liquid) to third‐instar larvae from insecticide‐susceptible Cx. p. pallens and Ae. aegypti as well as wild Ae. albopictus and An. sinensis.RESULTS2,4‐Di‐tert‐butylphenol was the most toxic constituent (LC50 1.98–3.90 mg L−1), followed by linoleic acid (7.19–10.49 mg L−1), towards larvae of the four mosquito species. High toxicity was also produced by nerolidol, (±)‐limonene, α‐terpinene and γ‐terpinene (LC50 9.84–36.42 mg L−1). The toxicity of these compounds was virtually identical towards larvae of the four mosquito species, even though An. sinensis larvae were resistant to deltamethrin and temephos. The MS‐SHD 50 mg L−1 liquid resulted in 92–100% control towards larvae of the four mosquito species, while commercial temephos 200 g L−1 emulsifiable concentrate was almost ineffective towards An. sinensis larvae (30% mortality).CONCLUSIONReasonable mosquito control in the aquatic environment can be achieved by MD‐SHD 50 mg L−1 liquid as a potential larvicide. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Anspruchsvolle Isoliergläser und Abstandhalter als Garanten für Energieeffizienz
Authors: Akgül Alexander , Göke Knut 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDas Löwenbräu‐Areal in Zürich ist ein kontrastreiches Gebäudeensemble. Die denkmalgeschützte Bausubstanz einer alten Brauerei wurde saniert und um drei Neubauten ergänzt. Das anspruchsvolle, gemischte Nutzungskonzept bietet Raum für Wohnungen, Büros und Kunstgalerien. Energieeffizienz ist ein weiteres Charakteristikum. Glas spielte dabei eine besondere Rolle. 3‐fach Wärmedämmgläser bieten optimalen Wärmeschutz und tragen zum Erfüllen höchster Qualitätsstandards bei. Neben den verwendeten Hochleistungs‐Isoliergläsern ist der Randverbund von entscheidender Bedeutung. So kam ein speziell entwickelter “Warme Kante“‐Abstandhalter zum Einsatz. Der Fachartikel thematisiert die im Löwenbräu‐Areal gesammelten Erfahrungen.Demanding insulating glass units and spacers as guarantors for energy efficiency. The Löwenbräu site in Zurich is a building ensemble full of contrasts. The building stock being under a preservation order has been restored and was complemented by three new buildings. The high‐quality, mixed utilisation concept provides space for flats, offices and art galleries. Energy efficiency represents a further characteristic. Glass plays a special part. Triple low‐e glasses offer optimal thermal protection and contribute to fulfilling the highest quality standards. In addition to the used high‐performance insulating glasses the edge seal is of crucial importance. So, an especially developed warm‐edge‐spacer was applied. The professional article discusses the experience gained in the Löwenbräu site.
Integrale Fassadenplanung
Authors: Mähl Florian , Kloft Harald 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDie rasant zunehmenden technologischen Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre und Jahrzehnte prägen auch das Bauwesen zunehmend. Die Herausforderung besteht vor allem darin, die Vielzahl neuer Technologien in den Planungs‐ und Bauprozess zu integrieren. In der Baupraxis zeigt sich diese Entwicklung dadurch, dass immer mehr spezialisierte Akteure am Planungsprozess beteiligt sind und die notwendigen Abstimmungen an den Planungsschnittstellen zunehmen. Der Ansatz der Integralen Planung ist prädestiniert, um die zunehmende Komplexität im Planungsprozess zu steuern. Der Fassade als eines der Schlüsselgewerke beim Bauen kommt in diesem Zusammenhang eine wesentliche Bedeutung zu. Denn als “multifunktionale Bauteile“ haben Fassadenkonstruktionen den verschiedensten technischen, gestalterischen und funktionalen Anforderungen zu genügen und müssen daher eine Vielzahl von Eigenschaften aufweisen. Diese Planungskultur ermöglicht zu einem relativ frühen Zeitpunkt Qualität, Kostensicherheit und effiziente technische Lösungen für die Planung von Fassadenkonstruktionen. Insbesondere beim Bauen im Bestand hilft der integrale Ansatz, angemessene und auf die Bestandsarchitekturen abgestimmte Ertüchtigungs‐ und Revitalisierungsmaßnahmen der Gebäudehülle zu entwickeln.Integrated Design of Facades. The rapidly increasing technological development over the last years and decades does have a growing influence on the building industry. The challenge is to integrate a multitude of new technologies into the planning process and the construction phase. This trend is indicated by involving more and more specialists and by requiring more coordination between the different stages of the planning process. The approach of integral planning is predestined to control the increasing complexity in the planning process. The facade does play a key role in this context. Especially for renovation and building redevelopment, the integrated approach is beneficial to develop adequate retrofitting and revitalization measures for the building envelope.
Calpain Determines the Propensity of Adult Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells to Autophagic Cell Death Following Insulin Withdrawal
Authors: Chung Kyung Min , Park Hyunhee , Jung Seonghee , Ha Shinwon , Yoo Seung-Jun , Woo Hanwoong , Lee Hyang Ju , Kim Seong Who , Kim Eun-Kyoung , Moon Cheil , Yu Seong-Woon 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) has significant effects on the function of neural stem cells (NSCs) during brain development and degeneration. We have previously reported that adult rat hippocampal neural stem (HCN) cells underwent autophagic cell death (ACD) rather than apoptosis following insulin withdrawal despite their intact apoptotic capabilities. Here, we report a switch in the mode of cell death in HCN cells with calpain as a critical determinant. In HCN cells, calpain 1 expression was barely detectable while calpain 2 was predominant. Inhibition of calpain in insulin-deprived HCN cells further augmented ACD. In contrast, expression of calpain 1 switched ACD to apoptosis. The proteasome inhibitor lactacystin blocked calpain 2 degradation and elevated the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. In combination, these effects potentiated calpain activity and converted the mode of cell death to apoptosis. Our results indicate that low calpain activity, due to absence of calpain 1 and degradation of calpain 2, results in a preference for ACD over apoptosis in insulin-deprived HCN cells. On the other hand, conditions leading to high calpain activity completely switch the mode of cell death to apoptosis. This is the first report on the PCD mode switching mechanism in NSCs. The dynamic change in calpain activity through the proteasome-mediated modulation of the calpain and intracellular Ca2+ levels may be the critical contributor to the demise of NSCs. Our findings provide a novel insight into the complex mechanisms interconnecting autophagy and apoptosis and their roles in the regulation of NSC death. Stem Cells 2015;33:3052—3064
Examining evidence construction as the transformation of the material world into community knowledge
Authors: Manz Eve 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecent consensus documents in science education (e.g., the Next Generation Science Standards) emphasize helping students develop facility with constructing and critiquing both claims and the evidence that supports them. While students typically view evidence as necessary for supporting scientific claims, they tend to objectify evidence, that is, they see it as self‐evident and factual, rather than as constructed or open to interpretation (Driver, Leach, Miller, & Scott, 1996; Sandoval & Çam, 2011). In this paper, I introduce a perspective from the science studies literature—evidence construction as transformation—that might usefully guide closer analyses of students' work with evidence. I describe the problem of objectification of evidence and how it has been studied, developing an argument for studying in greater detail how evidence is constructed by classroom communities over the course of their work with investigations. The remainder of the paper shows how one framework was developed for this purpose and describes how it was applied to an empirical investigation conducted in a third grade classroom to understand what work was done to construct evidence and what roles teachers and students were playing in this work. I argue that this framework makes visible three important aspects of evidence construction: what epistemic work is done to construct evidence, whom this work is meaningful to, and what it is meaningful for. I end the paper by exploring potential implications for understanding the construction of an explanation in community activity, the development of students' facility with evidence construction, and the teacher's role in facilitating the construction of evidence. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53:1113–1140, 2016
Normative beliefs, discursive claims, and implementation of reform‐based science standards
Authors: Veal William R. , Riley Lloyd Mary E. , Howell Malia R. , Peters John 
Published: June 2015

AbstractReform‐based science instruction is guided by teachers' normative beliefs. Discursive claims are how teachers say they teach science. Previous research has studied the change in teachers' beliefs and how beliefs influence intended practice and action in the classroom. Few studies have connected what teachers believe, how they say they teach, and how they actually teach in the classroom. The purpose of this study was to investigate how a teacher's normative beliefs, discursive claims, and classroom practices were related to the implementation of reform‐based standards. This research study analyzed 78 secondary science teachers' beliefs and claims about teaching in a reform‐based, innovative manner. A subset of teachers was observed in the classroom to determine the relationship among beliefs, claims, and implementation in the classroom. The study revealed that there is a disconnect between what science teachers believe and what they say about science teaching. A teacher with traditional normative beliefs and innovative discursive claims implemented reform‐based pedagogy. Beliefs alone were not a good predictor of innovative teaching, whereas discursive claims were determined to be a better predictor for implementation of reform‐based science teaching. Innovative discursive claims, regardless of the type of beliefs, resulted in innovative teaching. A Normative‐Discursive‐Practice Model is proposed to guide research about beliefs and claims leading to classroom implementation. The conclusions indicate that determining teachers' discursive claims is more informative for planning professional development than determining or monitoring their beliefs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 1419–1443, 2016
Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Structures of Mono‐ and Dinuclear Copper(I) Halide Complexes with 1,3‐Imidazolidine‐2‐thiones
Authors: Walia Simran , Kaur Supreet , Kaur Jaspreet , Sandhu Amanpreet K. , Lobana Tarlok S. , Hundal Geeta , Jasinski Jerry P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCopper(I) halides with triphenyl phosphine and imidaozlidine‐2‐thiones (L‐NMe, L‐NEt, and L‐NPh) in acetonitrile/methanol (or dichloromethane) yielded copper(I) mixed‐ligand complexes: mononuclear, namely, [CuCl(κ1‐S‐L‐NMe)(PPh3)2] (1), [CuBr(κ1‐S‐L‐NMe)(PPh3)2] (2), [CuBr(κ1‐S‐L‐NEt)(PPh3)2] (5), [CuI(κ1‐S‐L‐NEt)(PPh3)2] (6), [CuCl(κ1‐S‐L‐NPh)(PPh3)2] (7), and [CuBr(κ1‐S‐L‐NPh)(PPh3)2] (8), and dinuclear, [Cu2(κ1‐I)2(μ‐S‐L‐NMe)2(PPh3)2] (3) and [Cu2(μ‐Cl)2(κ1‐S‐L‐NEt)2(PPh3)2] (4). All complexes were characterized with analytical data, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallography. Complexes 2–4, 7, and 8 each formed crystals in the triclinic system with P$\bar{1}$ space group, whereas complexes 1, 5, and 6 crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system with space groups P21/c, C2/c, and P21/n, respectively. Complex 2 has shown two independent molecules, [(CuBr(κ1‐S‐L‐NMe)(PPh3)2] and [CuBr(PPh3)2] in the unit cell. For X = Cl, the thio‐ligand bonded to metal as terminal in complex 4, whereas for X = I it is sulfur‐bridged in complex 3.
How Neighborhood Poverty Structures Types and Levels of Social Integration
Authors: Marcus Andrea Fleisch , Echeverria Sandra E. , Holland Bart K. , Abraido-Lanza Ana F. , Passannante Marian R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSocial integration is fundamental to health and well‐being. However, few studies have explored how neighborhood contexts pattern types and levels of social integration that individuals experience. We examined how neighborhood poverty structures two dimensions of social integration: integration with neighbors and social integration more generally. Using data from the United States Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we linked study participants to percent poverty in their neighborhood of residence (N = 16,040). Social integration was assessed using a modified Social Network Index and neighborhood integration based on yearly visits with neighbors. We fit multivariate logistic regression models that accounted for the complex survey design. Living in high poverty neighborhoods was associated with lower social integration but higher visits with neighbors. Neighborhood poverty distinctly patterns social integration, demonstrating that contexts shape the extent and quality of social relationships.
Synthesis and Properties of N‐Alkyl–N,N‐Dimethyl‐N‐(o‐Hydroxymethyl)Benzylammonium Chlorides
Authors: Guo Xiangfeng , Zhang Yingying , Jia Lihua , Liu Yanyan , Zhu Zhanbo , Zhang Yu , Yang Rui 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA series of N‐alkyl–N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐(o‐hydroxymethyl)benzylammonium chlorides surfactants (DHBA‐m) were synthesized using o‐chloromethylbenzyl alcohol and N‐alkyl–N,N‐dimethyl tertiary amine as raw materials. The structure of the products was confirmed by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. DHBA‐m surfactants exhibit low Krafft points and high surface activities. The process of micellization of DHBA‐m is spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy‐driven. The hydroxymethyl substitution increases hydrophobicity of DHBA‐m, thus making micellization more favorable compared with that of N‐dodecyl–N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐benzylammonium chlorides (DDBAC‐m). The bactericidal activity of DHBA‐m is stronger on E. coli than that of DDBAC‐12, and DHBA‐16 shows strong bactericidal activity on Salmonella, S. aureus, and Streptococcus.