bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of tryptophan metabolism and tolerogenic dendritic cells in maintaining immune tolerance: Insights into celiac disease pathogenesis
Authors: Asgari Fatemeh , Khodadoust Mahdi , Nikzamir Abdolrahim , Jahani‐Sherafat Somayeh , Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa , Rostami‐Nejad Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn mammals, amino acid metabolism has evolved to control immune responses. Tryptophan (Trp) is the rarest essential amino acid found in food and its metabolism has evolved to be a primary regulatory node in the control of immune responses. Celiac disease (CeD) is a developed immunological condition caused by gluten intolerance and is linked to chronic small intestine enteropathy in genetically predisposed individuals. Dendritic cells (DCs), serving as the bridge between innate and adaptive immunities, can influence immunological responses in CeD through phenotypic alterations.ObjectiveThis review aims to highlight the connection between Trp metabolism and tolerogenic DCs, and the significance of this interaction in the pathogenesis of CeD.ResultsIt is been recognized that various DC subtypes contribute to the pathogenesis of CeD. Tolerogenic DCs, in particular, are instrumental in inducing immune tolerance, leading to T‐reg differentiation that helps maintain intestinal immune tolerance against inflammatory responses in CeD patients and those with other autoimmune disorders. T‐regs, a subset of T‐cells, play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal immunological homeostasis by regulating the activities of other immune cells. Notably, Trp metabolism, essential for T‐reg function, facilitates T‐reg differentiation through microbiota‐mediated degradation and the kynurenine pathway.ConclusionTherefore, alterations in Trp metabolism could potentially influence the immune response in CeD, affecting both the development of the disease and the persistence of symptoms despite adherence to a gluten‐free diet.
Exploring computational approaches to design mRNA Vaccine against vaccinia and Mpox viruses
Authors: Oladipo Elijah K. , Oyelakin Olanrewaju D. , Aiyelabegan Abdulsamad O. , Olajide Elizabeth O. , Olatayo Victoria O. , Owolabi Kaothar P. , Shittu Yewande B. , Olugbodi Rhoda O. , Ajala Hezekiah A. , Rukayat Raji A. , Olayiwola Deborah O. , Irewolede Boluwatife A. , Jimah Esther M. , Oloke Julius K. , Ojo Taiwo O. , Ajani Olumide F. , Iwalokun Bamidele A. , Kolawole Olatunji M. , Ariyo Olumuyiwa E. , Adediran Daniel A. , Olufemi Seun E. , Onyeaka Helen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMessenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines emerged as a powerful tool in the fight against infections. Unlike traditional vaccines, this unique type of vaccine elicits robust and persistent innate and humoral immune response with a unique host cell‐mediated pathogen gene expression and antigen presentation.MethodsThis offers a novel approach to combat poxviridae infections. From the genome of vaccinia and Mpox viruses, three key genes (E8L, E7R, and H3L) responsible for virus attachment and virulence were selected and employed for designing the candidate mRNA vaccine against vaccinia and Mpox viral infection. Various bioinformatics tools were employed to generate (B cell, CTL, and HTL) epitopes, of which 28 antigenic and immunogenic epitopes were selected and are linked to form the mRNA vaccine construct. Additional components, including a 5′ cap, 5′ UTR, adjuvant, 3′ UTR, and poly(A) tail, were incorporated to enhance stability and effectiveness. Safety measures such as testing for human homology and in silico immune simulations were implemented to avoid autoimmunity and to mimics the immune response of human host to the designed mRNA vaccine, respectively. The mRNA vaccine's binding affinity was evaluated by docking it with TLR‐2, TLR‐3, TLR‐4, and TLR‐9 receptors which are subsequently followed by molecular dynamics simulations for the highest binding one to predict the stability of the binding complex.ResultsWith a 73% population coverage, the mRNA vaccine looks promising, boasting a molecular weight of 198 kDa and a molecular formula of C8901H13609N2431O2611S48 and it is said to be antigenic, nontoxic and nonallergic, making it safe and effective in preventing infections with Mpox and vaccinia viruses, in comparison with other insilico‐designed vaccine for vaccinia and Mpox viruses.ConclusionsHowever, further validation through in vivo and in vitro techniques is underway to fully assess its potential.
Distinct clinical characteristics of bocavirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children plastic bronchitis
Authors: Liu Mengqi , Wei Diwei , Zhang Tongqiang , Xu Yongsheng , Guo Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated clinical and laboratory characteristics of human bocavirus type 1 (HBoV1)‐plastic bronchiolitis (PB), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)‐associated plastic bronchitis (PB) and MP‐NPB in children, highlighting inflammation, coagulation, and bronchoscopic needs.MethodsData on preschool children with PB during HBoV1 or MP infection were collected, comparing MP‐PB to severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.ResultCompared with the MP‐PB group, the HBoV1‐PB group, with younger children, had significantly milder clinical symptoms but higher WBC counts (p = .028). The MP‐PB group exhibited notably elevated Fibrinogen (p = .045) and d‐dimer levels (p < .001). When contrasting the MP‐PB with the MP‐NPB group, children in MP‐PB group still had higher levels of d‐dimer and increased inflammatory indicators such as C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, and interleukin‐6, which were significantly elevated compared with the MP‐NPB group. MP‐PB showed a higher prevalence of plastic bronchial casts in lower lobes (p = .016) and a dominance of neutrophils in BALF cytology. Additionally, children in the MP‐PB group tended to undergo a greater number of bronchoscopies.ConclusionThis study identifies key differences in plastic bronchitis in children due to HBoV1 and MP, highlighting HBoV1's milder inflammation in younger kids and MP's link to severe inflammatory and coagulation responses, guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Intestinal mucositis, systemic inflammation and bloodstream infections following high‐dose methotrexate treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Comparison between the NOPHO ALL 2008 protocol and the ALLTogether1 protocol
Authors: Weischendorff Sarah , de Pietri Silvia , Rathe Mathias , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Frandsen Thomas Leth , Petersen Malene Johanne , Weimann Allan , Nielsen Claus Henrik , Enevold Christian , Kocadag Helin Berna , Moser Claus , Müller Klaus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSevere intestinal mucositis (IM) increases the risk of bloodstream infections (BSI) and inflammatory toxicity during acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) induction treatment. However, the implications of IM in subsequent ALL therapy phases after achieving remission remain unknown. This study investigated the relationship between IM (measured by plasma citrulline and the chemokine CCL20) and the development of BSI and systemic inflammation (reflected by C‐reactive protein, CRP) in children with ALL during high‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX) treatment, an important part of ALL consolidation therapy. The study compared patients treated according to the NOPHO ALL 2008 protocol (n = 52) and the ALLTogether1 protocol (n = 42), both with identical HDMTX procedures but different scheduling. One week post‐HDMTX, citrulline dropped to median levels of 14.5 and 16.9 μM for patients treated according to the NOPHO ALL 2008 and ALLTogether1 protocols, respectively (p = 0.11). In a protocol and neutrophil count‐adjusted analysis, hypocitrullinaemia (<10 μmol/L) was associated with increased odds of BSI within 3 weeks from HDMTX (OR = 26.2, p = 0.0074). Patients treated according to the NOPHO ALL 2008 protocol exhibited increased mucosal‐ and systemic inflammation post‐HDMTX compared to patients treated according to ALLTogether1, with increased CCL20 (14.6 vs. 3.7 pg/mL, p < 0.0001) and CRP levels (10.0 vs. 1.0 mg/L, p < 0.0001). Both citrulline and CCL20 correlated with CRP for these patients (rs = −0.44, p = 0.0016 and rs = 0.35, p = 0.016, respectively). These results suggest that hypocitrullinaemia following HDMTX increases the risk of BSI, confirming previous observations from more intensive treatments. Moreover, these data indicate that the patients' vulnerability to mucositis and inflammatory toxicity after chemotherapy varies with treatment protocol.
Die Lebermoosgattung Cheilolejeunea fossil in Mitteleuropa
Authors: Grolle Riclef 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungLejeunca latiloba Caspary (= L. pinnata Caspary, syn. nov.), die bislang nur steril von eozänem Bernstein aus dem Samland (UdSSR) bekannt war, wird in miozänem Bernstein aus Bitterfeld (DDR) und mit unbefruchteten Gynözien nachgewiesen. Die gynöziale Innovation vom Pycnolejeunca‐Typ und die Nische distal vom Eckzahn des Lobulus erfordern die Versetzung zu Cheilolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn.: C. latiloba (Caspary) Grolle c. n. Diese wird detailliert beschrieben und abgebildet. Sie ist der einzige bekannte fossile Vertreter der rezent äußerst artenreichen Lejeuneoideae. Die eozänen und miozänen Funde von C. latiloba füllen paläontologisch die europäische Lücke im Areal von Cheilolejeunea, die rezent in den feuchteren temporaten bis tropischen Gebieten mit Ausnahme von Europa weltweit verbreitet ist.
Phytosociological studies of epiphytic flora of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Benin City. Nigeria
Authors: Gill L. S. , Onyibe H. I. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryPhytosociological studies of epiphytic flora of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) has been carried out in two commercial plantations near Benin City. Twenty‐five epiphytic species have been reported (3 Myxomycetes, 2 Mosses, 7 Ferns, 4 Monocots and 9 Dicots). Values for the phytosociological characteristics like Constance, cover, density, frequency, importance value, occurrence, sociability and stratification have been determined for each epiphytic species.
Studies on the ecology of the western provinces of Saudi Arabia I. Vegetation and soil of the Jeddah‐Tuwal area
Authors: El‐Shourbagy M. N. , Baeshin N. A. , El‐Sahhar K. F. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe purpose of the study is to describe plant communities and habitats characterizing Jeddah‐Tuwal area in the Red Sea coastal plain of Saudi Arabia. Thirty stands were classified on the basis of covor‐abundance seals and sociability values into five community types. Each of these types represents a sociologically distinct entity. The relationships between each community type and several edaphic variables were recognized. Differences were found among communities with respect to soil texture, total nitrogen, organic carbon, and some mineral elements.
The taxonomic position ofTalinellaBaillon(Portulacaceae)
Authors: Nyananyo Bio Louis 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe taxonomic position of the endemic Madagascan genusTalinellaBaillonis discussed. Evidence is presented which indicates that it is no longer appropriate to place it between the Basellaceae and Portulacaceae or to describe the genus as being of very uncertain position taxonomically. It is suggested that this genus is better placed in the Portulacaceae.
Vascularisation de la fleur pistillée d’Anchomanes difformis Engl.
Authors: Barabé Denis , Chrétien Louise , Forget Suzanne 
Published: August 2024

RésuméLes fleurs d’Anchomanes ne possèdent pas de périanthe. L’ovaire est. uniloculaire, uniovulé. L’étude de l’organisation vasculaire que le gynécée est pseudomonomère. Il est. composé de deux carpelles dont l’un est vertigial. Il n’y a qu’une loge carpellaire qui se développe. La vascularisation du gynécée d’Anchomanes. difformis se rapproche de celle de Lysichitum et Symplocarpus, deux genres qui appartiennent à la sous‐famille des Calloideae.
The biology of the Asystasia gangetica complex (Acanthaceae) in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Ugborogho R. E. , Adetula O. A. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryLive plants and seeds of Asystasia gangetica collected during field trips in Lagos state were cultivated in the Biological Garden and in the Laboratory using loamy soil and only tap water respectively.The study of the cco‐geographical distribution of the species showed that the purple variety is more viable and widely distributed than the pink and white varieties.Cytological investigation revealed that the three varieties possessed the same somatic chromosome number of 26. The differences in vegetative and floral morphology were used in delimiting the complex species into varieties.All the three varieties arc usually self compatible and reproduce by both vegetative and sexual means.
Dormancy and germination behaviour of Polygala chinensis L., a medicinal plant
Authors: Merlee Teresa M. V. , Avita S. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryPolygala chinensis L. (Indian senega) is a medicinal plant which completes its life cycle within 4 to 5 months. Plants produce a large number of seeds. All seeds produced do not germinate. Many seeds do not get suitable conditions and many others are incapable of germination for some reasons or other. Such seeds are said to be dormant.
Distinction entre savanes primaires et secondaires au Mali central
Authors: Aberlin J. P. 
Published: August 2024

RésuméAprès une brève discussion destinée á expliquer le vocabulaire utilisé, l'auteur propose l'emploi de trois crilères, dont certains n'ont pas qu'une utilisation locale, permettant de discriminer entre les savanes primaires el les savanes sccondaires d'une région du Mali central.
Benefits of an online group dance program for adolescents' social bonding and wellbeing
Authors: Tunçgenç Bahar , Greig Emma‐Jane , Cohen Emma 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe Covid‐19 pandemic and its ensuing effects on mental health made it clearer than ever that social bonds are critical for survival, flourishing, and mental wellbeing. Experimental laboratory‐based research with children and adults shows that activities involving movement alignment and joint action, such as dance, can facilitate social bonds.MethodsThis study examined whether an online group dance intervention positively affects social bonding and wellbeing using a randomized control design. Participants were 58 UK adolescents aged 11–16 years (N = 52 girls, 75% White, 7% Asian/Asian British, 18% Mixed‐Other), randomly assigned to an online intervention or waitlist control group. Participants in the intervention group completed an online 5‐week hip‐hop dance program during the Covid‐19 pandemic in January to February 2021. Measures of social bonding, wellbeing, and future orientation were taken at the beginning and end of the program.ResultsLinear mixed model analyses examining group × timepoint interaction showed greater increase in social bonding (p < .0001), and wellbeing (p < .0001) in the intervention vs control group. Moreover, increases in bonding significantly predicted increases in wellbeing (p < .0001), and increases in bonding (p = .03) and wellbeing (p = .0002) significantly predicted increases in the adolescents' hope for the future.ConclusionsThese data, collected at a time of mass social isolation, show that a 5‐week‐long online dance activity can help adolescents forge stronger social bonds, and improve their wellbeing and future orientation. Our findings suggest that the wellbeing and future orientation benefits of group dance may stem from having stronger social connectedness, opening up avenues for future research and interventions.
Metabolomics and cellular altered pathways in cancer biology: A review
Authors: Bhardwaj Jitender Kumar , Siwach Anshu , Sachdeva Som Nath 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCancer is a deadly disease that affects a cell's metabolism and surrounding tissues. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of metabolic alterations in cancer cells would assist in developing cancer treatment targets and approaches. From this perspective, metabolomics is a great analytical tool to clarify the mechanisms of cancer therapy as well as a useful tool to investigate cancer from a distinct viewpoint. It is a powerful emerging technology that detects up to thousands of molecules in tissues and biofluids. Like other “‐omics” technologies, metabolomics involves the comprehensive investigation of micromolecule metabolites and can reveal important details about the cancer state that is otherwise not apparent. Recent developments in metabolomics technologies have made it possible to investigate cancer metabolism in greater depth and comprehend how cancer cells utilize metabolic pathways to make the amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids required for tumorigenesis. These new technologies have made it possible to learn more about cancer metabolism. Here, we review the cellular and systemic effects of cancer and cancer treatments on metabolism. The current study provides an overview of metabolomics, emphasizing the current technologies and their use in clinical and translational research settings.
Conditioned Medium From Reactive Astrocytes Inhibits Proliferation, Resistance, and Migration of p53‐Mutant Glioblastoma Spheroid Through GLI‐1 Downregulation
Authors: Ribeiro Jessica Honorato , Villarinho Nícolas Jones , Fernandes Priscila Valverde , Spohr Tania Cristina Leite de Sampaio e , Lopes Giselle Pinto de Faria 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTGlioblastoma (GBM) aggressiveness is partly driven by the reactivation of signaling pathways such as Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and the interaction with its microenvironment. SHH pathway activation is one of the phenomena behind the glial transformation in response to tumor growth. The reactivation of the SHH signaling cascade during GBM–astrocyte interaction is highly relevant to understanding the mechanisms used by the tumor to modulate the adjacent stroma. The role of reactive astrocytes considering SHH signaling during GBM progression is investigated using a 3D in vitro model. T98G GBM spheroids displayed significant downregulation of SHH (61.4 ± 9.3%), GLI‐1 (6.5 ± 3.7%), Ki‐67 (33.7 ± 8.1%), and mutant MTp53 (21.3 ± 10.6%) compared to the CONTROL group when incubated with conditioned medium of reactive astrocytes (CM‐AST). The SHH pathway inhibitor, GANT‐61, significantly reduced previous markers (SHH = 43.0 ± 12.1%; GLI‐1 = 9.5 ± 3.4%; Ki‐67 = 31.9 ± 4.6%; MTp53 = 6.5 ± 7.5%) compared to the CONTROL, and a synergistic effect could be observed between GANT‐61 and CM‐AST. The volume (2.0 ± 0.2 × 107 µm³), cell viability (80.4 ± 3.2%), and migration (41 ± 10%) of GBM spheroids were significantly reduced in the presence of GANT‐61 and CM‐AST when compared to CM‐AST after 72 h (volume = 2.3 ± 0.4 × 107 µm³; viability = 92.2 ± 6.5%; migration = 102.5 ± 14.6%). Results demonstrated that factors released by reactive astrocytes promoted a neuroprotective effect preventing GBM progression using a 3D in vitro model potentiated by SHH pathway inhibition.
Population Pharmacokinetics (PopPK) Support for Pediatric Dosing of Biological Products
Authors: Eales Brianna , Helal Nada A. , Vattelana Olivia , Kronfol Mohamad M. , Fletcher Elimika Pfuma , Wang Yow‐Ming , Burckart Gilbert J. , Vaidyanathan Jayabharathi , Seo Shirley K. , Nounou Mohamed Ismail 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study assesses the use of population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) in supporting pediatric dosing of novel biological drug products. The labeling for biologic drug products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 2002 until 2021 was reviewed to identify those with a pediatric indication. For the drugs with a pediatric indication, the dosing regimen(s) based on age groups, dosing strategy, the use of PopPK to support the dose, and the types of pediatric clinical trials were reviewed. Data were collected from FDA's review documents and product labels on the Drugs@FDA website, and as needed, more clinical trial details were collected from PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov. The role of PopPK analyses in dosing was captured when mentioned in the label or review as playing a role in selecting the approved pediatric dose and/or in verifying the adequacy of the studied dose to support labeling. Between 2002 and 2021, FDA approved 169 biological products, and 78 of 169 (46%) products have an approved indication for which the label contains dosing recommendations for pediatric use. For the 78 products approved in pediatrics, there was a total of 180 clinical trials that included pediatric patients. Phase 3 pediatric trials commonly supported pediatric approval and dosing for the reviewed products (64%, 50/78 products; 56.1%, 101/180 trials). PopPK analyses were reported to play a critical role in dose selection, prediction, and verification for 40 of the 78 products (51%), including informing pediatric dosing in the absence of pediatric data (e.g., drugs approved under animal rule), comparing exposures to the exposure range observed in adults, and informing alternative dosing strategies in certain age or body weight groups. PopPK analyses have been applied in a variety of ways to inform pediatric dosing and support extrapolation from adult data or other pediatric age groups for biologics. Understanding and learning from these past cases on the use of pharmacometrics tools to support pediatric dosing of biological products can inform future pediatric development programs.
A spontaneously healed distal femoral fracture in an infant born preterm: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yeung Telford , Agrawal Roli , Seesahai Judy , Warkentin Tammy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDistal femoral fractures are uncommon in the newborn period, and conventional radiographs can miss the diagnosis in infants born prematurely due to delayed ossification. Hence, modalities like ultrasound may have a role in diagnosis. Herein, we report a male infant born preterm with a swollen knee due to a distal femoral fracture after a non‐traumatic Caesarean section. The fracture was not present on the conventional radiograph. Instead, it was detected on a repeat sonogram and healed spontaneously with no complications. This case describes the importance of musculoskeletal radiographic expertise for diagnosis of this uncommon newborn fracture.
Effect of melatonin supplementation upon parental care and nestling growth in arctic‐breeding songbirds
Authors: Pullum Keelee , Hodinka Brett , Ward Zoe , Morrissette Greta , Richter Melanie M. , Hunt Kathleen E. , Ashley Noah T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArctic‐breeding birds exhibit around‐the‐clock activity, and these activity cycles are postulated to maximize reproductive success during the short breeding season characteristic of high‐latitude regions. Two closely related species of arctic‐breeding songbirds, Lapland longspurs (Calcarius lapponicus; ground‐nesting) and snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis; cavity‐nesting) exhibit extended activity cycles throughout the polar day (71° N) except for 4–5 h of daily quiescence. Ground‐nesting Lapland longspurs experience higher levels of nest predation than cavity‐nesting snow buntings, and this difference is reflected in elevated nest vigilance in male longspurs compared with snow buntings. In this study, we examined the effect of melatonin supplementation upon male parental care, corresponding measures of nestling growth, and ability to reduce activity (and increase sleep). A pharmacological dose of melatonin in captive snow buntings dampened the amplitude of activity rhythms over the polar day with no detectable phase‐shifting compared with control‐implanted birds. Melatonin treatment reduced nest visits and overall time spent on the nest by male snow buntings compared with controls. There was no significant increase in time spent by female snow buntings on the nest to compensate for this, and there was no significant effect on offspring growth rates. There were no effects of melatonin supplementation on longspur adults or offspring, suggesting behavioral insensitivity to exogenous melatonin treatment. These differences in sensitivity underscore the importance of nest defense in ground‐nesting longspurs compared with cavity‐nesting snow buntings, which participate minimally in nest defense.