bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving Deepwater Challenges in a Low Price Environment
Authors: Whitfield Stephen 
Published: October 2015

Extracting maximum value is a tenet of the oil and gas industry. Whether it is a field located deep in the ocean or a rock formation located in the middle of a plain, companies are constantly searching for ways to get as much out of the resources available to them as possible with the tools they have.
In the search for untapped resources, exploration and production (E&P) companies are moving their offshore operations into extreme water depths, and with that shift comes an increasing litany of technical challenges unique to deepwater projects. With the price of oil at a low mark, these companies are looking for the most efficient and economical strategies to solve these challenges as they push into uncharted territories.
The 19th Annual Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Technical Symposium, held in New Orleans in August, featured several presentations on the challenges that operators face with deepwater projects in the current economic and technical environment. Speakers focused on a variety of issues, including construction costs, contractor involvement, flow assurance, and the integration of new technologies created to improve the production from their fields.
Carbon Capture and Storage for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Integration and Optimization of a Post-Combustion CO2-Capture Facility at a Power Plant in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Reichl Albert , Schneider Gernot , Schliepdiek Torsten , Reimuth Oliver 
Published: October 2015

Summary
Masdar has initiated the Abu Dhabi Carbon-Capture and -Storage Project, with the objective to develop a carbon-capture network in Abu Dhabi capable of creating large reductions of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and with the capacity to increase oil recovery by use of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Because Siemens (henceforth referred to as the Technology Owner) has developed, tested, and piloted a proprietary post-combustion CO2-capture technology (PostCapTM) for the removal of CO2 from the flue gas of coal- and gas-fired power plants suitable for the project, both parties decided to cooperate in executing a front-end engineering and design (FEED) study. The technology is based on an aqueous amino-acid-salt solution.
The Technology Owner and Masdar have completed a FEED study for capturing 1,800,000 tons of CO2 annually from a natural-gas-fired power plant in Abu Dhabi by application of the PostCapTM technology.
Various opportunities and challenges were encountered during the design of the retrofit capture plant. Challenges were often specific to the region, including local climate, water availability, and flue-gas quality. Design and optimization of the plant were influenced by local energy and labor prices. Further opportunities included integration with the power plant and with a local industrial facility. The power plant had to supply the capture plant with steam and power without reducing the original electricity-production capacity. To accomplish this, several heat- and power-integration concepts were evaluated with respect to their feasibility, including the application of a backpressure steam turbine and the retrofit of a simple-cycle gas turbine to combined-cycle gas turbine.
Various cooling options were considered in view of climate and resource challenges. Cooling water had to be extracted from a reflux stream produced by an adjacent industrial facility.
Drawing on the results of the FEED study, this paper presents the manner in which PostCapTM technology can be applied for capturing CO2 at a power plant in Abu Dhabi for the purpose of EOR, while satisfying specific local needs, and the way utility supply and power plant integration can be facilitated.
Epidemiological Trends among the Population with Chronic HCV Infection in the Netherlands
Authors: Maan Raoel , Toes–Zoutendijk Esther , Veldt Bart J , Hansen Bettina E , Van Der Meer Adriaan J , De Knegt Robert J 
Published: October 2015

Background As the field of antiviral therapy for chronic HCV infection is rapidly evolving, this study aimed to assess the epidemiological changes in patient and disease characteristics among individuals with chronic HCV infection. Methods This study included all consecutive patients with chronic HCV monoinfection who were referred between 1990 and 2013 to the Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, a large tertiary centre in the Netherlands. To identify trends over time, the study population was divided into six equal eras based on date of first visit to the outpatient clinic. Results A total of 1,779 patients were diagnosed with chronic HCV infection. Mean age increased over time from 43.6 (sd 13.8) years to 51.7 (sd 11.2) years ( P<0.001). The number of patients who were referred with cirrhosis increased over time, from 31 (25%) patients in Era 1 to 118 (42%) patients in Era 6 ( P<0.001), respectively. More patients were referred with HCV genotype 1a and 3 in the last era, with 27 (48.2%) and 15 (14.0%) patients in Era 1 and 58 (54.2%) and 60 (21.8%) patients in Era 6 ( P<0.001 both), respectively. The vast majority of patients (69.5%) were born between 1950 to 1975, with 62.5% of the patients being born between 1945 and 1965. Conclusions The HCV-infected population is ageing and is more often referred with severe liver disease. This study stresses the importance of urgently implementing national HCV screening programmes in order to be able to decrease the future burden of chronic HCV infection in the Netherlands.
Intersecting pentagons as surrogate for identifying the use of mini mental state examination in assessment of dementia in a largely illiterate population
Authors: Raina SK , Maria A , Chander V , Raina S 
Published: October 2015

Background and Rationale:
The mini-mental state evaluation (MMSE) is often used to identify patients with dementia. One component of the MMSE is the intersecting pentagon copying (IPC) test, which may be difficult to be used in an illiterate population.

Materials and Methods:
A post hoc analysis on an elderly population (60 years and above) from Himachal Pradesh was carried out. The data of only 1,513 elderly individuals out of a total of 2,000 participants with a score of more than 26 (nondemented) out of a possible score of 30 on cognitive battery available were used. The scores on the IPC were evaluated and their association with some demographic variables was also assessed.

Results:
Illiterate participants, female participants, those with greater age, and the rural/tribal population groups faced the most difficulty in drawing the intersecting pentagons and even greater difficulty in drawing them correctly.

Discussion:
The IPC presents challenges for people who are illiterate and the scoring method needs to be addressed and changed particularly when the test is used in largely illiterate populations.
Arun Kundnani (2014) The Muslims are Coming! Islamophobia, Extremism and the Domestic War on Terror. London: Verso.
Authors: Martin Greg 
Published: October 2015

Martin Luther King Jr understood the link between individual violence at home and state violence abroad. In part of his message that is often downplayed, he told an audience at Riverside Church, New York in 1967 that the promotion of nonviolent direct action (or the prevention of violent extremism) among young Americans depended on opposing the violence of US foreign policy in places like Vietnam. Arun Kundnani ends his book arguing this point remains as valid today in the global war on terror. Indeed, in many ways, the material presented in the book paints a depressingly familiar picture of state secrecy and surveillance, the normalisation of preventative measures in the post-9/11 era, governments instilling fear and anxiety across populations, and the criminalisation of formerly lawful activities. It is now beyond dispute that these developments have eroded human rights and civil liberties in Western societies. But they have also impinged, more broadly, upon social relations and political processes. Not surprisingly, this has impacted Muslim communities the most because relations of trust have been eroded in the domestic war on terror. Download the PDF file from this page to read Greg Martin's complete review of Arun Kundnani's book. Download the PDF file to read the complete review of Arun Kundnan's book by Greg Martin.
Empirical Testing of Capital Asset Pricing Model on Bahrain Bourse
Authors: Hawaldar Iqbal Thonse 
Published: October 2015

<p>The study is undertaken to find out the relationship between portfolio returns and market returns and test the empirical validity of the standard CAPM model on Bahrain Bourse. The study is based on 39 companies listed in the Bahrain Bourse, Bahrain All Share Index as market proxy and yield of Government of Bahrain securities as risk free rate of return. The study covers period from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2014. The analysis of the results of the study revealed that many of the independent variables together with beta can explain the portfolio returns. However, the intercept test reveals that the portfolio returns are equal to the risk-free rate of return. Therefore, we can conclude that the results of intercept test of standard CAPM proves the theory and the beta test results goes against the standard theory. </p>
Transporte longitudinal de sedimentos no litoral da planície deltaica do Rio Doce
Authors: Oliveira Tiago Castro Alves , Albino Jacqueline , Venancio Igor 
Published: October 2015

Neste trabalho estuda-se o potencial de transporte longitudinal de sedimento por ação de ondas no litoral da planície deltaica do Rio Doce. Considerando o clima de ondas entre 1948 e 2008 calcula-se o sentido do transporte longitudinal de sedimentos predominantes ao longo do ano, bem como a sua variabilidade sazonal e os volumes de sedimentos transportados. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o transporte longitudinal pela ação das ondas ocorre essencialmente de Sul para Norte. No Inverno e no Outono o transporte de sedimentos pela deriva litorânea é maior. A magnitude do transporte para Sul é maior a Sul da desembocadura do Rio Doce, mas não consegue alterar o sentido do transporte líquido que é para norte ao longo de toda a área estudada. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os sedimentos aportados pelo rio Doce são transportados preferencialmente para norte devido à ação das ondas, o que corrobora esquemas de evolução paleo-geográfica publicados anteriormente.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Schemes and Irrigation Intervals on Tomatoes’ Response to Water Shortage
Authors: Pascual Pet Roey L. , Cabahug Jingjing P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe growing concerns on increasing global water scarcity require efficient use of water resources. Aimed to investigate the growth and yield responses of tomato to water stress in varied fertilization scheme, a two-factor experiment involving three (3) fertilizer management practices (use of recommended inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilization at 10 T/ha and 20 T/ha) and three (3) watering schedules (daily, two days interval, and three days interval) was done. Analysis of the plant height showed that at increased level of organic fertilizer, plants were taller even up to three (3) days watering interval. Height was significantly reduced for plants applied with 10 T/ha compost and watered at three (3) days interval and those applied with pure inorganic fertilizer. Moreover, prolonging the interval of watering up to three (3) days on compost-fertilized tomatoes allowed them to initiate flowering earlier. This was not significantly different with tomatoes applied with pure inorganic fertilizer but watered daily. Finally, examination of the analysis on the cumulative yield showed that the highest yields, 10.54 and 8.96 MT/ha, were obtained on tomatoes applied with 20 T/ha compost and watered daily and at two (2) days interval, respectively. Significant reduction in yield was exhibited by tomatoes applied with inorganic fertilizer only and watered daily, more so, when watering was at two (2) and three (3) days interval. A conclusion is drawn that application of compost reduces the negative effects of water shortage to flower initiation and plant height even up to three (3) days watering interval and up to two (2) days interval to yield.
Viability of Critically Endangered Cebu Cinnamon seeds (Cinnamomum cebuense L.)
Authors: Lillo EP Edgardo P. , Alcazar Steve Michel T. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the viability of the seeds of the critically endangered Cebu Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cebuense L.) species. The collected seeds were air- dried and stored in a closed container. The stored seeds were sowed in the seed box at an interval of one week. This study consists of nine (9) treatments with three (3) replications, laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design and analyzed using ANOVA at 5 percent level of significance.
Results show that there is a significant difference among the treatments. For Treatment control (To) the seeds were sown directly to the soil medium after air drying. In this treatment many seeds have germinated. The result implies that Cebu Cinnamon seeds should be sown directly to the soil medium right after air drying rather than storing it in the container. The seeds that have germinated were considered as viable. Cebu cinnamon was very sensitive to temperature changes.
The seeds of Cebu Cinnamon species should be collected when they are matured to ensure their viability, thus promote higher rate of germination. Conservation and protection of the Cebu Cinnamon species must be considered one of the priorities species of the government and other stakeholders because there are much less of the species that are left on the island.
PARTICIPATORY VARIETAL SELECTION IN LOWLAND SORGHUM IN EASTERN ETHIOPIA: IMPACT ON ADOPTION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY
Authors: MULATU E. , BELETE K. 
Published: July 2002

Farmers' Participatory Varietal Evaluation (PVE) was conducted on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) crops in the Kile-Bisidimo plains of eastern Ethiopia for three consecutive years, 1995–1997. The study aimed at providing farmers with alternatives to their landrace to enable them to overcome crop losses and to identify farmers' varietal selection criteria for inclusion in future breeding work. In 1995 constraints and opportunities in sorghum growing and farmers' varietal matching characteristics were identified through an informal survey. This was followed by a search for varieties and acquisitions of seed. Subsequently, eight varieties were evaluated of which five varieties were released and three were at the pre-release stage.In 1996 and 1997 farmer-managed on-farm trials were conducted and farmers evaluated the performance of the experimental varieties against a locally grown cultivar. Through pairwise and matrix ranking, farmers' selection criteria were listed, preferred varieties identified and initiatives taken to diffuse the varieties through the local seed system. Out of the eight varieties that research workers considered the best, farmers selected only three. The study negated the generally accepted view that farmers in lowland areas of eastern Ethiopia are reluctant to grow short-duration varieties. The selection and introduction of three new varieties into a farming system where farmers were growing only one local variety reconfirmed PVE to be a means for enhancing adoption and increasing genetic diversity. The study also confirmed that increasing farmers' access to their preferred varieties would result in a faster rate of diffusion through farmer-to-farmer seed exchange.
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Authors: STRACHAN HEW 
Published: July 2002

The arming of Europe and the making of the First World War. By David G. Herrmann.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996. Pp. xiii+307. ISBN 0-691-03374-9.
£29.50.Armaments and the coming of war: Europe 1904–1914. By David Stevenson. Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1996. Pp. xi+463. ISBN 0-19-820208-3. £48.00.Authority, identity and the social history of the Great War. Edited by Frans Coetzee
and Marilyn Shevin-Coetzee. Providence and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1995.
Pp. xxii+362. ISBN 1-57181-017-X. £40.Dismembering the male: men's bodies, Britain and the Great War. By Joanna Bourke. London:
Reaktion Books, 1996. Pp. 336. ISBN 0-948462825. £19.95.Passchendaele: the untold story. By Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson. New Haven and
London: Yale University Press, 1996. Pp. xv+237. ISBN 0-300-066292-9. £19.95.Battle tactics of the western front: the British army's art of attack, 1916–1918. By Paddy Griffith.
New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996 (paperback edition).
Pp. xvi+286. ISBN 0-300-06663-5. No price given.Government and the armed forces in Britain, 1856–1990. Edited by Paul Smith. London,
Hambledon Press, 1996. Pp. xviii+324. ISBN 1-85285-144-9. £35.Whether or not arms races cause wars was a historiographical preoccupation of the Cold
War era. The issue was then of more than academic concern. Those opposed to the
proliferation of nuclear weapons saw previous arms races as having destabilized the
international system at best and as having led ineluctably to war at worst. Their critics
countered that arms races possessed the capacity to increase terror and so promote more
effective deterrence.
Response of white clover genotypes to intergenotypic
and interspecific interference
Authors: ANNICCHIARICO P. , PIANO E. 
Published: July 2002

Six white clover genotypes that were easily distinguishable from each
other on the basis of leaf lamina
marks and morphology were grown at Lodi, Italy, during 1990 and 1991 in dense
swards, under field
conditions and a mowing regime, as (i) pure stands, (ii) a complex mixture of
all genotypes, (iii) binary
mixtures of each genotype with each of two ryegrass varieties, and (iv)
complex mixtures of all clover
genotypes in binary association with each grass variety. The grass components
were of known,
different vigour. The study assessed both intergenotypic and interspecific
interference and related dry
matter yield responses to morpho-physiological traits of the clovers, and
also determined whether a
high level of morpho-physiological heterogeneity conferred a yield
advantage on clover populations.Greater heterogeneity (i.e. a complex mixture of clover genotypes) did
not produce higher clover
yields either in the presence or absence of interspecific interference from
grass; thus, the use of blends
of varieties or the development of varieties with a fairly high degree
of heterogeneity was not
recommended for short-term meadows in environments with relatively low
spatial and temporal
variability. Interactions for yield occurred between clover genotypes and
the presence or absence of
intergenotypic interference (P<0·001), and between clover
genotypes and the presence or absence of
interspecific interference from the grass variety characterized by greater
vigour and aggressiveness
(P<0·01). The variance of the former interaction tended to
be consistently larger than that of the
latter interaction, indicating that competitive effects were greater between
clovers than between the
clover and grass components. A lower Spring [ratio ] Summer yield ratio and taller
canopy tended to confer
a competitive advantage under intergenotypic interference. Relatively
better performance under
interspecific interference was related to higher stolon density, suggesting
that selection for this trait
may increase the general ecological compatibility of large-leaved white
clover types grown with vigorous grass companions.
Fate of 15N-labelled fertilizer in a long-term field trial
at Ropsley, UK
Authors: BHOGAL A. , YOUNG S. D. , SYLVESTER-BRADLEY R. 
Published: July 2002

In 1992 and 1993, eight rates of 15N-labelled fertilizer
(0–245 kg ha−1) were applied to winter wheat
growing on the Ropsley long term field trial where eight different N
amounts had been applied
annually since 1978. The fate of the labelled N in the crop and topsoil
(0–23 cm) was determined at harvest in the year of
15N application and in the first and second residual years.By harvest in the second residual year, 60–77% of the
original labelled application had been
recovered in the crop and topsoil with 23–40% lost. These losses
virtually all occurred within the first
two growing seasons; there was no significant loss during the
second residual year. Significant changes in the
15N balance were observed at N applications in excess of the range
140–175 kg ha−1
which suggested a marked decrease in the efficiency of N use and
an increase in residual labile N in
the soil at harvest. At low N applications (<175 kg ha−1),
a positive added nitrogen interaction
(ANI) was observed: 40–50% of this was a residual ANI due to
the short or long term effect of
applying N fertilizer, and the remainder was probably an apparent
ANI due to pool substitution in
the immobilization process. At large N applications
(>175 kg ha−1) a negative ANI was observed:
large N applications resulted in a net suppression of soil N
uptake due to substitution by fertilizer for a limited plant N demand.
Biomass allocation, regrowth and root carbohydrate

reserves of chicory (Cichorium intybus) in response to

defoliation in glasshouse conditions
Authors: LI G. D. , KEMP P. D. , HODGSON J. 
Published: July 2002

Three glasshouse experiments were conducted between 14 September
1993

and 9 January 1996 at the

Plant Growth Unit, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Experiment

1 studied the

effects of cutting height on the regrowth and biomass allocation of chicory

(Cichorium intybus L. cv.

Grasslands Puna), Expt 2 investigated the biomass allocation and root

carbohydrate reserves of three

chicory cultivars (Puna, PG90 and Orchies) in response to defoliation,
and

Expt 3 studied the

morphological characteristics and persistence of Puna under extreme defoliation.Cutting height had no significant effect on accumulated secondary leaf
and

stem masses in Expt 2,

but affected secondary leaf mass in Expt 1. However, cutting height

significantly reduced root size

after two cuttings in both Expts 1 and 2. Three severe cuttings (removing
all

shoots including visible

buds >5 mm on crown) killed 73% of plants, whereas 96% plants survived
under

lax cutting (100 mm) in Expt 3. Orchies had the highest total reducing
sugar

concentration in its taproot

(56·6%), whereas PG90 had the lowest (32·1%). Therefore,
Orchies

was the most persistent but had

the slowest growth rate, and PG90 the least persistent with the highest

growth rate. The performance of Puna was intermediate.It is concluded that the persistence of Puna would be more sensitive
to

cutting frequency than

cutting intensity due to its medium level of root carbohydrate reserves.
In

contrast, PG90 could be

defoliated frequently, but not closely. However, Orchies with its thick

taproot was insensitive to

cutting intensity and would also be insensitive to cutting frequency due
to

its larger root carbohydrate

reserves. It is suggested that to improve the persistence and enhance the

leaf production of Puna by

plant breeding the emphasis should be on increasing taproot size without

unduly prejudicing herbage production.