bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Community Size on Eligibility for Early Intervention for Infants With a Neonatal Intensive Care Experience
Authors: Roberts Holly , Needelman Howard , Jackson Barbara , McMorris Carol , Munyon Abbey 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeTo determine if population density (rural vs urban) in a child's home community influenced the decision of eligibility for early intervention (EI) services.MethodsThe sample included 356 infants with a gestational age of <31 weeks referred from a statewide child find program for an evaluation for EI services. A binary logistic regression analysis was completed to determine which variables predicted acceptance into EI services.FindingsInfants less than 31 weeks gestation residing in rural areas were more likely to be eligible for EI services than premature infants (ie, <31 weeks gestation) with similar birth characteristics from urban areas. A binary logistic regression analysis revealed an odds ratio for eligibility for EI services among children living in rural areas compared to those living in urban areas was 3.007 (95% CI, 1.497 to 6.040). Additionally, the odds ratio for eligibility for males as compared to females was 1.908 (95% CI, 1.017 to 3.578). Participants who lived in a rural area and were male were more likely to be eligible for EI services than those who lived in urban locations and were female.ConclusionsFactors such as community support, experience with high‐risk populations, and differences in interpreting eligibility criteria may influence the differences found between the rural and urban populations. Analysis of intervention cost versus effectiveness will be needed to determine whether the system as adopted in the rural versus urban environment is more appropriate for the provision of EI services.
Defining the Rural HIV Epidemic: Correlations of 3 Definitions—South Carolina, 2005‐2011
Authors: Weissman Sharon , Duffus Wayne A. , Vyavaharkar Medha , Samantapudi Ashok Varma , Shull Kirk A. , Stephens Teresa G. , Chakraborty Hrishikesh 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeTo gain a better understanding of the HIV epidemic in rural South Carolina (SC) by contrasting 3 definitions of rural and urban areas.MethodsThe sample included newly diagnosed HIV cases aged ≥18 years in SC between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011. Each individual was assigned a rural or urban status as defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Census Bureau (CB), and Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) classifications. Descriptive statistics were conducted to compare sociodemographic characteristics, CD4 counts, viral loads, and time to AIDS diagnosis between rural and urban populations. Kappa statistics measured the agreement between the 3 definitions of rurality.FindingsDepending on the definition used, the proportion of newly diagnosed HIV cases in rural areas varied from 23.3% to 32.0%. Based on the OMB and RUCA definitions, rural residents with HIV were more likely to be older, women, black, and non‐Hispanic, report heterosexual contact, and have an AIDS diagnosis within 1 year of their HIV diagnosis. The OMB and RUCA definitions had a nearly perfect agreement (kappa = 0.8614; 95% CI = 0.8457, 0.8772), while poor agreements were noted between the OMB and CB or the RUCA and CB definitions.ConclusionWhen examining the rural HIV epidemic, how “rural” is defined matters. Using 3 definitions of rurality, statistically significant differences were found in demographic characteristics, timing of HIV diagnosis and the proportion of rural residents diagnosed with HIV in SC. The findings suggest possible misclassification biases that may adversely influence services and resource distribution.
The safety and effectiveness of a long‐acting transdermal fentanyl solution compared with oxymorphone for the control of postoperative pain in dogs: a randomized, multicentered clinical study
Authors: Martinez S. A. , Wilson M. G. , Linton D. D. , Newbound G. C. , Freise K. J. , Lin T.‐L. , Clark T. P. 
Published: December 2013

A prospective, double‐blinded, positive‐controlled, multicenter, noninferiority study was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of transdermal fentanyl solution (TFS) compared with oxymorphone for the control of postoperative pain in dogs. Five hundred and two (502) client‐owned dogs were assigned to a single dose ofTFS(2.7 mg/kg) applied 2–4 h prior to surgery or oxymorphone hydrochloride (0.22 mg/kg) administered subcutaneously 2–4 h prior to surgery and q6h through 90 h. Pain was evaluated over 4 days by blinded observers using a modified Glasgow composite pain scale, and thea prioricriteria for treatment failure was a pain score ≥8 or adverse event necessitating withdrawal. FourTFS‐ and eight oxymorphone‐treated dogs were withdrawn due to lack of pain control. Eighteen oxymorphone‐treated, but noTFS‐treated dogs were withdrawn due to severe adverse events. The one‐sided upper 95% confidence interval of the difference betweenTFSand oxymorphone treatment failure rates was −5.3%. Adverse events associated with oxymorphone were greater in number and severity compared withTFS. It was concluded that a single administration ofTFSwas safe and noninferior to repeated injections of oxymorphone for the control of postoperative pain over 4 days at the dose rates of both formulations used in this study.
Activation of auxin signalling counteracts photorespiratory H2O2‐dependent cell death
Authors: KERCHEV PAVEL , MÜHLENBOCK PER , DENECKER JORDI , MORREEL KRIS , HOEBERICHTS FRANK A. , VAN DER KELEN KATRIEN , VANDORPE MICHAEL , NGUYEN LONG , AUDENAERT DOMINIQUE , VAN BREUSEGEM FRANK 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe high metabolic flux through photorespiration constitutes a significant part of the carbon cycle. Although the major enzymatic steps of the photorespiratory pathway are well characterized, little information is available on the functional significance of photorespiration beyond carbon recycling. Particularly important in this respect is the peroxisomal catalase activity which removes photorespiratory H2O2 generated during the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate, thus maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis governing the perception, integration and execution of stress responses. By performing a chemical screen, we identified 34 small molecules that alleviate the negative effects of photorespiration in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking photorespiratory catalase (cat2). The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter photosystem II maximum efficiency (Fv′/Fm′) was used as a high‐throughput readout. The most potent chemical that could rescue the photorespiratory phenotype of cat2 is a pro‐auxin that contains a synthetic auxin‐like substructure belonging to the phenoxy herbicide family, which can be released in planta. The naturally occurring indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and other chemically distinct synthetic auxins also inhibited the photorespiratory‐dependent cell death in cat2 mutants, implying a role for auxin signalling in stress tolerance.
Role of Endothelial Cell Septin 7 in the Endocytosis of Candida albicans
Authors: Phan Quynh T. , Eng David K. , Mostowy Serge , Park Hyunsook , Cossart Pascale , Filler Scott G. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Candida albicans
invades endothelial cells by binding to N-cadherin and other cell surface receptors. This binding induces rearrangement of endothelial cell actin microfilaments, which results in the formation of pseudopods that surround the organism and pull it into the endothelial cell. Here, we investigated the role of endothelial cell septin 7 (SEPT7) in the endocytosis of
C. albicans
hyphae. Using confocal microscopy, we determined that SEPT7 accumulated with N-cadherin and actin microfilaments around
C. albicans
as it was endocytosed by endothelial cells. Affinity purification studies indicated that a complex containing N-cadherin and SEPT7 was recruited by
C. albicans
and that formation of this complex around
C. albicans
was mediated by the fungal Als3 and Ssa1 invasins. Knockdown of N-cadherin by small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced recruitment of SEPT7 to
C. albicans
, suggesting that N-cadherin functions as a link between SEPT7 and the fungus. Also, depolymerization of actin microfilaments with cytochalasin D decreased the association between SEPT7 and N-cadherin and inhibited recruitment of both SEPT7 and N-cadherin to
C. albicans
, indicating the necessity of an intact cytoskeleton in the functional interaction between SEPT7 and N-cadherin. Importantly, knockdown of SEPT7 decreased accumulation of N-cadherin around
C. albicans
in intact endothelial cells and reduced binding of N-cadherin to this organism, as revealed by the affinity purification assay. Furthermore, SEPT7 knockdown significantly inhibited the endocytosis of
C. albicans
. Therefore, in response to
C. albicans
infection, SEPT7 forms a complex with endothelial cell N-cadherin, is required for normal accumulation of N-cadherin around
C. albicans
hyphae, and is necessary for maximal endocytosis of the organism
.

IMPORTANCE
During hematogenously disseminated infection,
Candida albicans
invades the endothelial cell lining of the blood vessels to invade the deep tissues.
C. albicans
can invade endothelial cells by inducing its own endocytosis, which is triggered when the
C. albicans
Als3 and Ssa1 invasins bind to N-cadherin on the endothelial cell surface. How this binding induces endocytosis is incompletely understood. Septins are intracellular GTP-binding proteins that influence the function and localization of cell surface proteins. We found that
C. albicans
Als3 and Ssa1 bind to a complex containing N-cadherin and septin 7, which in turn interacts with endothelial cell microfilaments, thereby inducing endocytosis of the organism. The key role of septin 7 in governing receptor-mediated endocytosis is likely relevant to host cell invasion by other microbial pathogens, in addition to
C. albicans
.
How the Double Spherules of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Impact Our Understanding of RNA Virus Replicative Organelles
Authors: Neuman Benjamin W. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
Powered by advances in electron tomography, recent studies have extended our understanding of how viruses construct “replication factories” inside infected cells. Their function, however, remains an area of speculation with important implications for human health. It is clear from these studies that whatever their purpose, organelle structure is dynamic (M. Ulasli, M. H. Verheije, C. A. de Haan, and F. Reggiori, Cell. Microbiol. 12:844-861, 2010) and intricate (K. Knoops, M. Kikkert, S. H. Worm, J. C. Zevenhoven-Dobbe, Y. van der Meer, et al., PLOS Biol. 6:e226, 2008). But by concentrating on medically important viruses, these studies have failed to take advantage of the genetic variation inherent in a family of viruses that is as diverse as the archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes combined (C. Lauber, J. J. Goeman, M. del Carmen Parquet, P. T. Nga, E. J. Snijder, et al., PLOS Pathog. 9:e1003500, 2013). In this climate, Maier et al. (H. J. Maier, P. C. Hawes, E. M. Cottam, J. Mantell, P. Verkade, et al., mBio 4:e00801-13, 2013) explored the replicative structures formed by an avian coronavirus that appears to have diverged at an early point in coronavirus evolution and shed light on controversial aspects of viral biology.
Caring for critically ill children in the community: a needs assessment
Authors: Gilleland Jonathan , McGugan Jennifer , Brooks Sandy , Dobbins Maureen , Ploeg Jenny 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators to the optimal management of critically ill children who present initially to community hospitals and how best to support the needs of front-line healthcare providers in these settings prior to transfer to the regional academic paediatric health sciences centre.MethodsA qualitative needs assessment was performed in five community hospitals targeting healthcare providers in leadership and front-line roles who could discuss their experiences of managing critically ill children that had presented to their institutions. Focused individual and focus group interviews of physicians, nurses and respiratory therapists from the participating hospitals were conducted and analysed to identify common themes.ResultsFive community hospitals participated in the study with a total of 57 participants and included 36 registered nurses, 4 respiratory therapists, 13 community hospital physicians and 4 paediatric intensive care specialists. Most participants did not report seeing more than one critically ill child per month. The management of very young paediatric patients was reported as a greater source of anxiety than patients presenting in cardiac arrest and despite being more frequently reported, respiratory conditions were identified as the most anxiety provoking and having the greatest educational need. The care required for a single critically ill child was often reported to render the emergency department staff incapable of meeting other patient care needs and was influenced by staffing resources, physical layout and access to proper equipment. Increased comfort and management ability was attributed to previous real-world experience and support from content experts in dealing with acutely ill children. Participants did not use web-based best practice guidelines.ConclusionsThis study identifies the need to fully understand the management realities of front-line caregivers of critically ill children in community hospital settings. We demonstrate the need to focus on the management of younger paediatric patients, technical skills development, practice of acute situations with less than optimal staffing resources, and access to facilitated real-world experiences with appropriate supervision and mentoring. Passive interventions such as web-based guidelines should not be used in isolation but as a support to ongoing exposure and engagement by content experts.
The development of a nurse-led iron deficiency anaemia service in a district general hospital
Authors: Surgenor Susan L , Kirkham Silvia , Parry Sally D , Williams Elizabeth J , Snook Jonathon A 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo improve the quality of care provided to patients with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA).DesignService development.SettingDistrict General Hospital.PatientsAdults with IDA.Main outcome measuresDescriptive report of the practicalities and benefits of establishing an IDA clinic.ConclusionsThe IDA clinic is a novel service development which enhances the management of patients with this common condition, by facilitating prompt confirmation of the diagnosis, replacement therapy and investigation for serious underlying pathology, in particular gastrointestinal malignancy.
Counting injury deaths: a comparison of two definitions and two countries
Authors: Lu Tsung-Hsueh , Hsiao Annjhih , Chang Pei-Ching , Chao Yao-Cheng , Hsu Chuan-Chiang , Peng Hua-Chun , Chen Lea-Hua , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesThis study sought to examine the discrepancy in counting injury deaths according to two definitions, that is, (a) external cause of injury as the underlying cause of death (UCOD), and (b) with mention of external cause of injury, and differences in certification practices between Taiwan and the USA.MethodsWe calculated the percentage (U/M%) in which external cause of injury was selected as the UCOD (U) among deaths with mention (M) of external cause of injury anywhere on the death certificate to assess the discrepancy between the two definitions in counting injury deaths.ResultsThe discrepancy was small in Taiwan and in the USA for transport injuries (with U/M% 99% and 98%) and intentional self-harm (100% and 100%) and large for accidental suffocation (64% and 29%) as well as complications of medical and surgical care (61% and 10%). The magnitude of discrepancy was not consistent between countries in accidental falls (96% vs 81%) and accidental drowning (80% vs 97%). Certifiers in Taiwan were more likely to report an accidental fall in Part I of the death certificate and less likely to report medical conditions (such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, etc) with accidental suffocation than their counterpart US certifiers.ConclusionsThe counting of injury deaths according to two definitions varied by external cause of injury as well as between countries. For some external causes of injury with high discrepancies, we suggest presenting the number of injury deaths according to two definitions.
Glioblastoma Cell Enrichment Is Critical for Analysis of Phosphorylated Drug Targets and Proteomic–Genomic Correlations
Authors: Mueller Claudius , deCarvalho Ana C. , Mikkelsen Tom , Lehman Norman L. , Calvert Valerie , Espina Virginia , Liotta Lance A. , Petricoin Emanuel F. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The quality of cancer genomic and proteomic data relies upon the quality of the clinical specimens examined. Here, we show that data derived from non-microdissected glioblastoma multiforme tumor tissue is either masked or not accurate, producing correlations between genomic and proteomic data that lead to false classifications for therapeutic stratification. We analyzed the level of 133 key signaling proteins and phosphoproteins in laser capture microdissected (LCM) primary tumors from a study set of tissues used for the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) profiling efforts, comparing the results to tissue-matched, nontumor cell–enriched lysates from adjacent sections. Among the analytes, 44%, including targets for clinically important inhibitors, such as phosphorylated mTOR, AKT, STAT1, VEGFR2, or BCL2, differed between matched tumor cell–enriched and nonenriched specimens (even in tumor sections with 90% tumor cell content). While total EGFR protein levels were higher in tumors with EGFR mutations, regardless of tumor cell enrichment, EGFR phosphorylation was increased only in LCM-enriched tumor specimens carrying EGFR mutations. Phosphorylated and total PTEN, which is highly expressed in normal brain, was reduced only in LCM-enriched tumor specimens with either PTEN mutation or loss in PTEN copy number, with no differences observed in non-microdissected samples. These results were confirmed in an independent, non-microdissected, publicly available protein data set from the TCGA database. Our findings highlight the necessity for careful upfront cellular enrichment in biospecimens that form the basis for targeted therapy selection and for molecular characterization efforts such as TCGA. Cancer Res; 74(3); 818–28. ©2013 AACR.
Use of health plan combined with registry data to predict clinical trial recruitment
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R , Wright Nicole C , Xie Fenglong , Chen Lang , Zhang Jie , Saag Kenneth G , Bharat Aseem , Kremer Joel , Cofield Stacey , Winthrop Kevin , Delzell Elizabeth 
Published: December 2013

Background Large pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) are increasingly used to conduct comparative effectiveness research. In the context of planning a safety PCT of the live herpes zoster vaccine in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients aged ≥ 50 years receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy, we evaluated the use of health plan combined with registry data to assess the feasibility of recruiting the 4000 patients needed for the trial and to facilitate site selection. Methods Using national US data from Medicare, we identified older RA patients who received anti-TNF therapy in the last quarter of 2009. Extrapolations were made from the Medicare patient population to younger patients and those with other types of insurance using the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (CORRONA) disease registry. Patients’ treating rheumatologists were grouped into practices and sorted by size from the greatest to the least number of eligible patients. Results Approximately 50,000 RA patients receiving anti-TNF therapy were identified in the Medicare data, distributed across 1980 physician practices. After augmenting Medicare data with information from CORRONA and extrapolating to younger patients and those with other types of insurance, more than 12,000 potentially eligible study subjects were identified from the 50 largest rheumatology practices. Conclusion Health plan and registry databases appear useful to assess feasibility of large pragmatic trials and to assist in selection of recruitment sites with the greatest number of potentially eligible patients. This novel approach is applicable to trials with simple inclusion/exclusion criteria that can be readily assessed in these data sources.
Bosutinib safety and management of toxicity in leukemia patients with resistance or intolerance to imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop M. , Cortes Jorge E. , Kim Dong-Wook , Khoury H. Jean , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Porkka Kimmo , Martinelli Giovanni , Durrant Simon , Leip Eric , Kelly Virginia , Turnbull Kathleen , Besson Nadine , Gambacorti-Passerini Carlo 
Published: December 2013

Key Points
Bosutinib had manageable toxicity and acceptable tolerability, with adverse events distinct from that of other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Adverse events were primarily characterized by early-onset gastrointestinal events that were low grade, transient, and manageable.
Procalcitonin as a marker of sepsis and outcome in patients with neurotrauma: an observation study
Authors: Deng Shuixiang , Zhu Hechen , Wang Kunlun , Cao Tongwa 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a reliable biomarker of sepsis and infection. The level of PCT associated with sepsis and infection in patients with traumatic brain injury is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP) as diagnostic markers of sepsis and to evaluate the prognostic value of these markers related to the severity of injury, sepsis and mortality.

Methods
105 adult patients with neurotrauma were enrolled in this study from June 2011 to February 2013. PCT and CRP were measured at admission and 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after admission. The sepsis criteria established by American College of Chest Physicians /Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference were used to identify patients. Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) were used to assess the severity of the injury. All these patients were monitored for 28 days.

Results
At admission, the median level of PCT was consistent with the severity of brain injury as follows: mild 0.08 ng/ml (0.05 - 0.13), moderate 0.25 ng/ml (0.11 - 0.55) and severe 0.31 ng/ml (0.17 - 0.79), but the range of CRP levels varied greatly within the given severity of brain injury. Seventy-one (67.6%) patients developed sepsis. The initial levels of PCT at admission were statistically higher in patients with sepsis, compared with patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), but there were no differences in the initial concentration of CRP between sepsis and SIRS. After adjusting for these parameters, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PCT was an independent risk factor for septic complications (p < 0.05). The areas under the ROCs at admission for the prediction of mortality were 0.76 (p < 0.05) and 0.733 for PCT and CRP, respectively.

Conclusions
Increased levels of PCT during the course of the ICU stay could be an important indicator for the early diagnosis of sepsis after neurotrauma. In addition, high serum levels of PCT in patients with neurotrauma at admission indicate an increased risk of septic complications, and the daily measurement of PCT assists in guiding antibiotic therapy in neurotrauma patients.