bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Au pays des Mayas métis
Authors: Boccara Michel 
Published: September 2014

Les Mayas du Yucatán s’appellent et sont appelés « Métis », cas unique en Amérique latine. Une étude historique est faite des raisons de cette appellation et des noms disponibles pour les « vrais » métis ainsi que les autres noms désignant les Yucatèques. Le concept dexaak’(variantexak’,xa’ak’), dont un des sens est « métis » en maya yucatèque mais qui signifie aussi mélange, et en particulier mélange de graines et mélange d’épices, est ensuite analysé à des fins comparatives. Il est mis en rapport avec la mythologie yucatèque ; puis sont étudiées les relations entre l’identité maya yucatèque et l’identité métisse. En conclusion, la lutte politique des Yucatèques d’aujourd’hui est envisagée en s’appuyant sur le concept de métissage en français et en yucatèque.
Antropologías Mundiales: un clásico contemporáneo
Authors: Díaz Crovetto Gonzalo Rodrigo 
Published: September 2014

Gustavo Lins Ribeiro y Arturo Escobar (editores), Antropologías delmundo. Transformaciones disciplinarias dentro de sistemas de poder.México, The Wenner-Green International, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Universidad Ibereoamericana y Envión, 2009.
Intraoperative Patient Selection for Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Lee Joo Yong , Kim Kyu Hyun , Kim Man Deuk , Chung Doo Yong , Cho Kang Su 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This study was conducted to report our experience of intraoperative patient selection for tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) based on a tentative decision-making algorithm. Thirty-four consecutive patients who were scheduled to undergo tubeless PCNL were included and medical records were obtained from a prospectively maintained database for these patients. After completion of PCNL, the nephrostomy site was observed with a safety guidewire in place. If there was no significant bleeding through the tract, tubeless PCNL was performed, and in cases with significant bleeding or other complications, nephrostomy catheter insertion was performed as usual. In 29 cases (85.3%), tubeless PCNL was performed according to our decision-making protocol. Mean stone size was 7.33 ± 9.35 cm2. Mean hospital stay was 2.61 ± 1.01 days. The difference between preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin was 0.68 ± 1.22 g/dL (p &gt; 0.05). Visual analog pain scale scores immediately post-operation, on postoperative day one and on the day of discharge were 4.62 ± 1.80, 3.25 ± 1.68 (postoperative day one vs. operative day; p = 0.001), and 1.87 ± 0.83 (the day of discharge vs. operative day; p = 0.001), respectively. The success rate with insignificant remnant stones was 85.2% and complete stone-free rate was 76.5%. In conclusion, tubeless PCNL was performed successfully with low complication rate and reduced pain score through our decision-making algorithm.
Magnetic Cooling: Principles, Materials, and Operation
Authors: Hepburn Ian 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

The application and subsequent removal of a magnetic field causes cooling in certain materials, known as the magnetocaloric effect (MCE), and is the basis for magnetic refrigeration. This method of cooling was originally used to provide temperatures below 1 Kelvin but due to the discovery of materials exhibiting the MCE near room temperature, magnetic refrigeration as an alternative to conventional compressed gas refrigeration has emerged as a very active research field. Magnetic refrigeration is an efficient reversible refrigeration process and thus is attractive as an alternative to less efficient conventional room temperature refrigeration methods. The mechanism by which cooling is achieved is either by the magnetic field interaction with electrons, for temperatures greater than a few millikelvin or via the atomic nucleus for temperature lower than a millikelvin. The classical form of magnetic refrigeration utilizing electron cooling via the MCE is the adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator and the nuclear demagnetization refrigerator when utilizing the atomic nucleus for cooling.
A parameter estimation framework for Multiscale Kalman Smoother algorithm in precipitation data fusion
Authors: Wang Shugong , Liang Xu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA new effective parameter estimation approach is presented for the Multiscale Kalman Smoother (MKS) algorithm. As demonstrated, it shows promising potentials in deriving better data products involving sources from different spatial scales and precisions. The proposed approach employs a multiobjective parameter estimation framework, which includes three multiobjective estimation schemes (MO schemes), rather than using the conventional maximum likelihood scheme (ML scheme), to estimate the MKS parameters. Unlike the ML scheme, the MO schemes are not built on strict statistical assumptions related to prediction errors and observation errors, rather, they directly associate the fused data of multiple scales with multiple objective functions. In the MO schemes, objective functions are defined to facilitate consistency among the fused data at multiple scales and the input data at their original scales as well in terms of spatial patterns and magnitudes. Merits of the new approach are evaluated through a Monte Carlo experiment and a series of comparison analyses using synthetic precipitation data that contain noises which follow either the multiplicative error model or the additive error model. Our results show that the MKS fused precipitation performs better using the MO framework. Improvements are particularly significant for the fused precipitation associated with fine spatial resolutions. This is due mainly to the adoption of more criteria and constraints in the MO framework. The weakness of the original ML scheme, arising from its blindly putting more weights into the data associated with finer resolutions, is circumvented in the proposed new MO framework.
The New Geologic Map of Mars: Guiding Research and Education
Authors: Tanaka Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2014

Five spacecraft are currently investigating Mars, and a number of new missions to the Red Planet either have been launched or are in development. They are designed to probe the surface, subsurface, and atmosphere with a host of scientific instruments. Where will they make new discoveries? Clues to where they should focus investigations can be gleaned from a new geologic map of the planet (Fig. 1) [Tanaka et al., 2014].
Effects of low‐viscosity post‐perovskite on the stability and structure of primordial reservoirs in the lower mantle
Authors: Li Yang , Deschamps Frédéric , Tackley Paul J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe performed numerical experiments of thermochemical convection in 3‐D spherical geometry to investigate the effects of a low viscosity of post‐perovskite (pPv) on the stability and structure of primordial reservoirs of dense material in the lower mantle of the Earth. Our results show that weak pPv (1000× viscosity reduction in regions containing pPv) strongly increases the core‐mantle boundary (CMB) heat flux. The volume‐averaged mantle temperature with weak pPv is slightly higher than that with regular pPv, except in the lowermost mantle. This is because weak pPv weakens the base of the cold downwellings, allowing cold slabs to spread more easily and broadly along the CMB. The stability and size of the dense reservoirs is not substantially altered by weak pPv. In the weak pPv case, slabs spreading along the CMB slightly decreases the stability of dense reservoirs, i.e., the amount of dense material entrained upward is slightly larger than in the regular pPv case (i.e., viscosity of pPv identical to that of perovskite). Furthermore, the topography and steepness of these reservoirs slightly increase. However, as in the regular pPv case, the dense reservoirs are maintained over periods of time comparable to the age of the Earth.
Self‐Reported and Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Adults With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ahn Grace E. , Chmiel Joan S. , Dunlop Dorothy D. , Helenowski Irene B. , Semanik Pamela A. , Song Jing , Ainsworth Barbara , Chang Rowland W. , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveMost estimates of physical activity (PA) patterns in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are based on subjective self‐report measures prone to error. The aims of this study were to obtain objective measurements of PA using an accelerometer and estimates of energy expenditure based on the self‐reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and to describe their relationship.MethodsThe Activity in Lupus To Energize and Renew study, a cross‐sectional study of PA, included 129 persons with SLE. Accelerometer measures >7 days included total daily activity counts and minutes of moderate‐vigorous PA (MVPA). Each person completed the IPAQ via telephone interview. Spearman's correlations (r) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) assessed associations between accelerometer and IPAQ.ResultsDaily PA means and SDs from accelerometer measures were 502,910 ± 118,755 for total daily activity counts and 40 ± 30 minutes for MVPA. The median (interquartile range) MET minutes/day for IPAQ intensities were: 400 (159–693) for total; 83 (26–184) for walking; and 231 (77–514) for MVPA, and domains were: 0 (0–73) for work; 28 (0–85) for active transportation; 77 (26–231) for domestic and garden; and 57 (0–213) for leisure. Associations between accelerometer measures and IPAQ were 1) total daily count versus IPAQ total: r = 0.21 (95% CI 0.03, 0.37) and 2) MVPA versus IPAQ moderate‐vigorous: r = 0.16 (95% CI − 230.02, 0.33).ConclusionAccelerometer measures and IPAQ energy expenditure estimates were moderately correlated. IPAQ provided descriptive PA data, whereas accelerometers captured all daily activities, which can help assess guideline attainment. The choice of IPAQ versus accelerometer measure should include considering the purpose for which PA is measured.
Mediterranean Diet and Incidence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Women
Authors: Hu Yang , Costenbader Karen H. , Gao Xiang , Hu Frank B. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Lu Bing 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveWe examined the association between a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as measured by the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMed), and risk of incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in US women.MethodsWe prospectively followed 83,245 participants from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1980–2008) and 91,393 participants from NHS II (1991–2009) who were initially free of baseline connective tissue diseases. Dietary information was obtained via validated food frequency questionnaires at baseline and approximately every 4 years during followup. The aMed score was calculated according to the consumption status of 9 food components using cumulative average value. Time‐varying Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for RA, seropositive RA, and seronegative RA after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Results from 2 cohorts were pooled by an inverse variance–weighted, fixed‐effects model.ResultsDuring 3,511,050 person‐years of followup, 913 incident cases of RA were documented in the 2 cohorts. After adjustment for several lifestyle and dietary variables, in both cohorts greater adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern was not significantly associated with altered risk of RA. The pooled HR for women in the highest quartile of the aMed score was 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.80–1.20) compared with those in the bottom quartile. Similar nonsignificant results were observed for both seropositive and seronegative RA. We did not find significant associations between each individual food component (except for alcohol) of the aMed score and risk of incident RA.ConclusionWe did not find a significant association between a Mediterranean dietary pattern and the risk of RA in women.
Intraarticular Hip Injection and Early Revision Surgery Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ravi Bheeshma , Escott Benjamin G. , Wasserstein David , Croxford Ruth , Hollands Simon , Paterson J. Michael , Kreder Hans J. , Hawker Gillian A. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTherapeutic intraarticular injections are used in the management of hip osteoarthritis (OA). Some studies suggest that their use increases the risk of infection and subsequent revision surgery after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), while others do not. We undertook this study to clarify the relationship between prior intraarticular injection and the risk of complication in a subsequent primary THA.MethodsIn a cohort of patients with hip OA who underwent a primary elective THA between 2002 and 2009, we identified those who received ≥1 intraarticular injection performed by a radiologist in the 5 years preceding their THA. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the relationship between receipt of a presurgical injection (no injection, 1–5 years prior to THA, or <1 year prior to THA) and the occurrence of postsurgical joint infection and revision THA in the following 2 years, while controlling for confounders.ResultsOf 37,881 eligible THA recipients, 2,468 (6.5%) received an intraarticular injection performed by a radiologist within 5 years of their THA (1,691 at <1 year, 777 at 1–5 years). Controlling for age, sex, comorbidity, frailty, income, and provider volume, those who had an injection in the year preceding surgery were at increased risk of infection (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.37, P = 0.03) and revision THA (adjusted HR 1.53, P = 0.03) within 2 years of the primary THA, relative to patients who did not. The association between prior injection and revision arthroplasty was attenuated and became nonsignificant (adjusted HR 1.41, P = 0.13) after occurrence of postoperative infection was controlled for in the regression model. No effect was found for injection 1–5 years prior to surgery.ConclusionIntraarticular injection in the year preceding THA independently predicted increased risk of infection leading to early revision surgery. Further studies are warranted to elucidate explanations for these findings.
Phase 2 study of RO4929097, a gamma‐secretase inhibitor, in metastatic melanoma: SWOG 0933
Authors: Lee Sylvia M. , Moon James , Redman Bruce G. , Chidiac Tarek , Flaherty Lawrence E. , Zha Yuanyuan , Othus Megan , Ribas Antoni , Sondak Vernon K. , Gajewski Thomas F. , Margolin Kim A. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDAberrant Notch activation confers a proliferative advantage to many human tumors, including melanoma. This phase 2 trial assessed the antitumor activity of RO4929097, a gamma‐secretase inhibitor of Notch signaling, with respect to the progression‐free and overall survival of patients with advanced melanoma.METHODSChemotherapy‐naive patients with metastatic melanoma of cutaneous or unknown origin were treated orally with RO4929097 at a dose of 20 mg daily 3 consecutive days per week. A 2‐step accrual design was used with an interim analysis of the first 32 patients and with continuation of enrollment if 4 or more of the 32 patients responded.RESULTSThirty‐six patients from 23 institutions were enrolled; 32 patients were evaluable. RO4929097 was well tolerated, and most toxicities were grade 1 or 2. The most common toxicities were nausea (53%), fatigue (41%), and anemia (22%). There was 1 confirmed partial response lasting 7 months, and there were 8 patients with stable disease lasting at least through week 12, with 1 of these continuing for 31 months. The 6‐month progression‐free survival rate was 9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2%‐22%), and the 1‐year overall survival rate was 50% (95% CI, 32%‐66%). Peripheral blood T‐cell assays showed no significant inhibition of the production of interleukin‐2, a surrogate pharmacodynamic marker of Notch inhibition, and this suggested that the drug levels were insufficient to achieve Notch target inhibition.CONCLUSIONSRO4929097 showed minimal clinical activity against metastatic melanoma in this phase 2 trial, possibly because of inadequate exposure to therapeutic drug levels. Although Notch inhibition remains a compelling target in melanoma, the results do not support further investigation of RO4929097 with this dose and schedule. Cancer 2015;121:432–440. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Obesity is associated with worse quality of life in women with gynecologic malignancies: An opportunity to improve patient‐centered outcomes
Authors: Doll Kemi M. , Kalinowski Alison K. , Snavely Anna C. , Irwin Debra E. , Bensen Jeannette T , Bae‐Jump Victoria L. , Kim Kenneth H. , Van Le Linda , Clarke‐Pearson Daniel L. , Gehrig Paola A. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of obesity on pretreatment quality of life (QoL) in gynecologic oncology patients.METHODSThe authors analyzed collected data from an institution‐wide cohort study of women with gynecologic cancers enrolled from August 2012 to June 2013. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General, site‐specific symptom scales, and the National Institutes of Health Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) global mental and physical health tools were administered. Survey results were linked to clinical data abstracted from medical records (demographics and comorbid conditions). Bivariate tests and multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with QoL scores.RESULTSA total of 182 women with ovarian, uterine, cervical, and vulvar/vaginal cancers were identified; of these, 152 (84%) were assessed before surgery. Mean body mass index was 33.5 kg/m2 and race included white (120 patients [79%]), black (22 patients [15%]), and other (10 patients [6.5%]). A total of 98 patients (64.5%) were obese (body mass index ≥30). On multivariate analysis, subscales for functional (17 vs 19; P = .04), emotional (16 vs 19; P = .008), and social (22 vs 24; P = .02) well‐being as well as overall Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General scores (77 vs 86; P = .002) and Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System global physical health scores (45 vs 49; P = .003) were found to be significantly lower in obese versus nonobese patients.CONCLUSIONSBefore cancer treatment, obese patients with gynecologic malignancies appear to have worse baseline QoL than their normal‐weight counterparts. Emerging models of QoL‐based cancer outcome measures may disproportionately affect populations with a high obesity burden. The potential disparate impact of cancer therapy on longitudinal QoL in the obese versus nonobese patients needs to be evaluated. Cancer 2015;121:395–402. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic factors for advanced‐stage human immunodeficiency virus‐associated classical Hodgkin lymphoma treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine plus combined antiretroviral therapy: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Castillo Jorge J. , Bower Mark , Brühlmann Jérémy , Novak Urban , Furrer Hansjakob , Tanaka Paula Y. , Besson Caroline , Montoto Silvia , Cwynarski Kate , Abramson Jeremy S. , Dalia Samir , Bibas Michele , Connors Joseph M. , Furman Michael , Nguyen Minh‐Ly , Cooley Timothy P. , Beltran Brady E. , Collins Jaime A. , Vose Julie M. , Xicoy Blanca , Ribera Josep‐Maria ,   for the HIV‐Associated Hodgkin Lymphoma in the cART Era Study Group
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDThe treatment and outcomes of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) continue to evolve. The International Prognostic Score (IPS) is used to predict the survival of patients with advanced‐stage HL, but it has not been validated in patients with HIV infection.METHODSThis was a multi‐institutional, retrospective study of 229 patients with HIV‐associated, advanced‐stage, classical HL who received doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) plus combination antiretroviral therapy. Their clinical characteristics were presented descriptively, and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors that were predictive of response and prognostic of progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).RESULTSThe overall and complete response rates to ABVD in patients with HIV‐associated HL were 91% and 83%, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 5 years, the 5‐year PFS and OS rates were 69% and 78%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, there was a trend toward an IPS score >3 as an adverse factor for PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.49;P=.15) and OS (HR, 1.84;P=.06). A cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)‐positive (T‐helper) cell count <200 cells/μL was associated independently with both PFS (HR, 2.60;P=.002) and OS (HR, 2.04;P=.04). The CD4‐positive cell count was associated with an increased incidence of death from other causes (HR, 2.64;P=.04) but not with death from HL‐related causes (HR, 1.55;P=.32).CONCLUSIONSThe current results indicate excellent response and survival rates in patients with HIV‐associated, advanced‐stage, classical HL who receive ABVD and combination antiretroviral therapy as well as the prognostic value of the CD4‐positive cell count at the time of lymphoma diagnosis for PFS and OS.Cancer2015;121:423–431.©2014 American Cancer Society.
NF‐κB is crucial in proximal T‐cell signaling for calcium influx and NFAT activation
Authors: Bronk Crystina C. , Yoder Sean , Hopewell Emily L. , Yang Shengyu , Celis Esteban , Yu Xue‐Zhong , Beg Amer A. 
Published: September 2014

In the accepted model of T‐cell activation, parallel signal‐transduction pathways activate the transcription factors NF‐κB, NFAT, and AP‐1 to drive clonal expansion of T cells in response to Ag. Genome‐wide transcriptional profiling following Ag‐induced CD8+ T‐cell activation in C57BL/6 mouse T cells revealed that genes regulated by NFAT were also reduced in the absence of NF‐κB p50 and cRel subunits. Importantly, p50−/−cRel−/−CD8+ T cells had significantly diminished NFAT and AP‐1 activation compared with WT or PKCθ−/− CD8+ T cells. Attenuated NFAT activation after TCR engagement was associated with reduced calcium influx, PLCγ and Zap70 activation. Interestingly, pharmacological bypass of PLCγ‐regulated pathways largely rescued p50−/−cRel−/− T‐cell proliferative defects. These results indicate a crucial and unexpected requirement for NF‐κB p50 and cRel subunits in proximal TCR signaling and calcium responses. They further suggest that key defects in T cells in the absence of NF‐κB pathway components may be due to impaired proximal T‐cell signaling.