bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rearrangement of Atrial Bundle Architecture and Consequent Changes in Anisotropy of Conduction Constitute the 3-Dimensional Substrate for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Maesen Bart , Zeemering Stef , Afonso Carlos , Eckstein Jens , Burton Rebecca A.B. , van Hunnik Arne , Stuckey Daniel J. , Tyler Damian , Maessen Jos , Grau Vicente , Verheule Sander , Kohl Peter , Schotten Ulrich 
Published: August 2013

Background—
Anisotropy of conduction facilitates re-entry and is, therefore, a key determinant of the stability of atrial fibrillation (AF). Little is known about the effect of AF on atrial bundle architecture and consequent changes in anisotropy of conduction and maintenance of AF.

Methods and Results—

Direct contact mapping was performed in left atria of goats with acute AF (n=6) or persistent AF (n=5). The degree and direction of anisotropic conduction were analyzed. Mapped tissue regions were imaged by high-resolution MRI for identification of endocardial and epicardial bundle directions. Correlation between endocardial and epicardial bundle directions and between bundle directions and anisotropic conduction was quantified. In persistent AF, epicardial bundles were oriented more perpendicularly to endocardial bundles than in acute AF (% angles <20° between epicardial and endocardial bundle directions were 7.63% and 21.25%, respectively;
P
<0.01). In acute AF, the direction of epicardially mapped anisotropic conduction correlated with endocardial but not with epicardial bundles. In persistent AF, the direction of anisotropic conduction correlated better with epicardial than with endocardial bundles (% angles <20° between direction of anisotropic conduction and bundle direction were 28.77% and 18.45%, respectively;
P
<0.01).

Conclusions—
During AF, atrial bundle rearrangement manifests itself in more perpendicular orientation of epicardial to endocardial bundles. Propagation of fibrillation waves is dominated by endocardial bundles in acute AF and by epicardial bundles in persistent AF. Together with the loss of endo-epicardial electrical connections, rearrangement of atrial bundles underlies endo-epicardial dissociation of electrical activity and the development of a 3-dimensional AF substrate.
The Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gulati Ankur , Ismail Tevfik F. , Jabbour Andrew , Alpendurada Francisco , Guha Kaushik , Ismail Nizar A. , Raza Sadaf , Khwaja Jahanzaib , Brown Tristan D.H. , Morarji Kishen , Liodakis Emmanouil , Roughton Michael , Wage Ricardo , Pakrashi Tapesh C. , Sharma Rakesh , Carpenter John-Paul , Cook Stuart A. , Cowie Martin R. , Assomull Ravi G. , Pennell Dudley J. , Prasad Sanjay K. 
Published: August 2013

Background—
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance is the gold-standard technique for the assessment of ventricular function. Although left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction are strong predictors of outcome in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), there are limited data regarding the prognostic significance of right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction (RVSD). We investigated whether cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of RV function has prognostic value in DCM.

Methods and Results—

We prospectively studied 250 consecutive DCM patients with the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance. RVSD, defined by RV ejection fraction ≤45%, was present in 86 (34%) patients. During a median follow-up period of 6.8 years, there were 52 deaths, and 7 patients underwent cardiac transplantation. The primary end point of all-cause mortality or cardiac transplantation was reached by 42 of 86 patients with RVSD and 17 of 164 patients without RVSD (49% versus 10%; hazard ratio, 5.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.35–10.37;
P
<0.001). On multivariable analysis, RVSD remained a significant independent predictor of the primary end point (hazard ratio, 3.90; 95% CI, 2.16–7.04;
P
<0.001), as well as secondary outcomes of cardiovascular mortality or cardiac transplantation (hazard ratio, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.76–6.39;
P
<0.001), and heart failure death, heart failure hospitalization, or cardiac transplantation (hazard ratio, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.32–5.51;
P
=0.006). Assessment of RVSD improved risk stratification for all-cause mortality or cardiac transplantation (net reclassification improvement, 0.31; 95% CI 0.10–0.53;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions—
RVSD is a powerful, independent predictor of transplant-free survival and adverse heart failure outcomes in DCM. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of RV function is important in the evaluation and risk stratification of DCM patients.
Internal Structure of Clitics and Cliticization
Authors: Mavrogiorgos Marios 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe role of the internal structure of clitics in cliticization has been investigated by many researchers up to now. In this study I look into three distinct types of analysis that have been proposed in the literature regarding this role and argue that they do not work for Greek. I further propose that the only role the internal structure of clitics can play in cliticization is via their phi-features, which render them active goals. However, I argue that the internal structure is crucial in another respect, namely in the incorporation of the clitic pronoun into its verbal host. This is because in order to incorporate, the clitic has to contain only a subset of the features contained in the incorporation host. Syntactic cliticization in Greek follows from syntactic agreement between the clitic pronoun and the phase head v*, which leads to movement of the clitic to the left edge of v* and to clitic incorporation into v*. Incorporation yields proclisis.
Complaints about Misbehaviour
Authors: Christodoulidou Maria 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper is concerned with complaints to close friends about the misbehaviour of third non-present parties. In this sequential environment, we seek to identify the basic sequential as well as the distinctive features of complaints in Cypriot Greek ordinary conversations. Thus, this study analyzes the production of complaints as distinct topics with easily identifiable beginnings and endings. As it is shown, a crucial part of complaining is the expression of negative moral stance towards the non-present party's misbehaviour. This is followed by a description of the non-present party's misbehaviour which includes overdetailed and exaggerated reporting of the other's misbehaviour. Added to that, a critical point in the complaints analyzed is the reporting of the oppositional conversation the teller had with her opponent. By quoting this conversation, the teller enables the recipients to see the teller's innocence and the other's wrongdoings in their own words. Also considering that complaints are recipient designed, the recipients' responses are given their own analytical attention since they occur as affiliative interjections within the telling sequence, but also as affiliative evaluations upon complaint completion.
A Source of Variation: A Corpus-Based Study of the Choice between απο and &epsi;&kappa; in the NT Greek Gospels
Authors: Eckhoff Hanne M. , de Swart Peter , Thomason Olga 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUsing a quantitative methodology based on extensively annotated corpus data from the PROIEL corpus, we examine the distribution of απο and &epsi;&kappa; in the NT Greek Gospels. The original semantic opposition between these two prepositions in terms of an ablative-elative distinction started fading during the historical development of Greek and has been argued to be already much weaker at the time of the New Testament. To explore this we generate a semantic map without semantic pre-analysis on the basis of four parallel language samples. We then use statistical techniques to interpret this map. We ind that there is still a fairly clean separation between &epsi;&kappa; and απο largely based on semantic role. However, απο is quite frequently used in elative contexts. A lexical analysis clarifies that the use of απο in this environment amounts to the preposition specialising with certain lexical items, some of them with variable interpretations, as seen in the case of toponyms.
A Semantics for the Particle αν in and outside Conditionals in Classical Greek
Authors: Malamud Sophia A. , Osadcha Iryna , Beck Jana E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we provide a uni ied semantics for the Classical Greek particle αν in its uses both in and outside of conditional sentences. Speci ically, working within the framework provided by formal semantic treatments of conditionals in Stalnaker (1968); Lewis (1973); Kratzer (1981) and subsequent work, we propose that αν is a universal quanti ier over situations—parts of possible worlds. We also detail the interactions between αν and the tense and mood features in a clause, arguing, for example, that the semantics of αν in combination with a 'fake' past tense morphology (Iatridou 2000), which reflects the presence of an exclusion feature in C, gives rise to a counterfactual implicature. Additionally, we address the issue of the surface distribution of αν in the antecedents of some types of conditionals and the consequents of others and argue that, despite its surface distribution, αν is always merged into the consequent of a conditional but sometimes undergoes displacement such that it appears to be located within the antecedent. Our proposal not only illuminates a complex phenomenon in Classical Greek, but also contributes to the understanding of the morpho-semantics of mood, conditionals, and counterfactuality in natural language.
Evaluation of Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Models with Measurements from Controlled Tracer Releases
Authors: Hegarty Jennifer , Draxler Roland R. , Stein Ariel F. , Brioude Jerome , Mountain Marikate , Eluszkiewicz Janusz , Nehrkorn Thomas , Ngan Fong , Andrews Arlyn 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThree widely used Lagrangian particle dispersion models (LPDMs)—the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT), Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT), and Flexible Particle (FLEXPART) models—are evaluated with measurements from the controlled tracer-release experiments Cross-Appalachian Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX) and Across North America Tracer Experiment (ANATEX). The LPDMs are run forward in time driven by identical meteorological inputs from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and several configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and the simulations of tracer concentrations are evaluated against the measurements with a ranking procedure derived from the combination of four statistical parameters. The statistical evaluation reveals that all three LPDMs have comparable skill in simulating the tracer plumes when driven by the same meteorological inputs, indicating that the differences in their formulations play a secondary role. Simulations with HYSPLIT and STILT demonstrate the benefit of using customized hourly WRF fields with 10-km horizontal grid spacing over the use of 3-hourly NARR fields with 32-km horizontal grid spacing. All three LPDMs perform better when the WRF wind fields in the planetary boundary layer are nudged to NARR, with FLEXPART benefitting the most. Case studies indicate that the nudging corrects an overestimate in plume transport speed possibly caused by a positive bias in WRF wind speeds near the surface. All three LPDMs also benefit from the use of time-averaged velocity and convective mass flux fields generated by WRF, but the impact on HYSPLIT and STILT is much greater than on FLEXPART. STILT backward runs perform as well as their forward counterparts, demonstrating this model’s reversibility and its suitability for application to inverse flux estimates.
Forecast Evaluation of an Observing System Simulation Experiment Assimilating Both Radar and Satellite Data
Authors: Jones Thomas A. , Otkin Jason A. , Stensrud David J. , Knopfmeier Kent 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In the first part of this study, Jones et al. compared the relative skill of assimilating simulated radar reflectivity and radial velocity observations and satellite 6.95-μm brightness temperatures TB and found that both improved analyses of water vapor and cloud hydrometeor variables for a cool-season, high-impact weather event across the central United States. In this study, the authors examine the impact of the observations on 1–3-h forecasts and provide additional analysis of the relationship between simulated satellite and radar data observations to various water vapor and cloud hydrometeor variables. Correlation statistics showed that the radar and satellite observations are sensitive to different variables. Assimilating 6.95-μm TB primarily improved the atmospheric water vapor and frozen cloud hydrometeor variables such as ice and snow. Radar reflectivity proved more effective in both the lower and midtroposphere with the best results observed for rainwater, graupel, and snow. The impacts of assimilating both datasets decrease rapidly as a function of forecast time. By 1 h, the effects of satellite data become small on forecast cloud hydrometeor values, though it remains useful for atmospheric water vapor. The impacts of radar data last somewhat longer, sometimes up to 3 h, but also display a large decrease in effectiveness by 1 h. Generally, assimilating both satellite and radar data simultaneously generates the best analysis and forecast for most cloud hydrometeor variables.
The Three-Dimensional Structure and Evolution of a Tornado Boundary Layer
Authors: Kosiba Karen A. , Wurman Joshua 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The finescale three-dimensional structure and evolution of the near-surface boundary layer of a tornado (TBL) is mapped for the first time. The multibeam Rapid-Scan Doppler on Wheels (RSDOW) collected data at several vertical levels, as low as 4, 6, 10, 12, 14, and 17 m above ground level (AGL), contemporaneously at 7-s intervals for several minutes in a tornado near Russell, Kansas, on 25 May 2012. Additionally, a mobile mesonet anemometer measured winds at 3.5 m AGL in the core flow region. The radar, anemometer, and ground-based velocity-track display (GBVTD) analyses reveal the peak wind intensity is very near the surface at ~5 m AGL, about 15% higher than at 10 m AGL and 25% higher than at ~40 m AGL. GBVTD analyses resolve a downdraft within the radius of maximum winds (RMW), which decreased in magnitude when varying estimates for debris centrifuging are included. Much of the inflow (from −1 to −7 m s−1) is at or below 10–14 m AGL, much shallower than reported previously. Surface outflow precedes tornado dissipation. Comparisons between large-eddy simulation (LES) predictions of the corner flow swirl ratio Sc and observed tornado intensity changes are consistent.
Forensic medicine experts' opinion on medico-legal autopsies in hospital deaths: A questionnaire survey
Authors: D'Souza Deepak Herald , Pant Sadip , Menezes Ritesh George 
Published: August 2013

Objective Medico-legal autopsy is conducted routinely in some countries and selectively in others in hospital deaths. This study was conducted to evaluate the views of the forensic medicine experts regarding this matter. Methods A questionnaire pro forma was sent to sixty-five forensic medicine experts practicing in different medical institutions all around India. Designations and experiences of the participants were noted by requests in the same questionnaire. Their specific experience in conducting medico-legal autopsy in hospital deaths was also requested for. Responses were charted in frequency distribution tables and analyzed using SPSS, version 17.0. Results One-third of the participants felt that a medico-legal autopsy was necessary in all the hospital death cases as defined in the present study. Ten percent of the participants opined that a medico-legal autopsy was unnecessary in hospital deaths. The majority of the experts mentioned finding the cause of death, followed by finding the manner of death and collecting the evidentiary materials, as the reasons for medico-legal autopsy in hospital deaths. Twenty percent of the participants felt that internal findings at autopsy poorly matched with the case records. All the experts agreed that external autopsy findings matched with the hospital case records. Nearly two-third of the participants felt that it was difficult in some cases to interpret the autopsy findings without case records from the hospital where the deceased was treated. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the exercise of carrying out medico-legal autopsy routinely in every hospital death as evident in the Indian framework is often unnecessary as per the experts’ opinion. Autopsy findings in hospital deaths often correlate with hospital case records.
Big Patients, Big Worries
Authors: Skinner Margaret L. , Wohl Daniel L. 
Published: August 2013

Program Description:The obesity epidemic is resulting in more obese adults and children presenting for routine surgery. Obese patients present additional risks related to surgery and perioperative care, and may experience additional morbidity and mortality. This session will focus on reviewing the unique requirements of obese patients to ensure quality care. We will review obesity as an independent factor for increased morbidity, informed consent, preoperative assessments; intraoperative concerns, including anesthesia, airway, medication dosing and ergonomics; postoperative needs including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis, wound healing and management of tracheotomy, and difficult airway concerns. Views of anesthesiologists and adult, pediatric, and private practitioners will be discussed.Educational Objectives:1) Describe the preoperative considerations of the obese patient, including anesthesia clearance, management of comorbid conditions and thorough surgical counseling and planning. 2) Recognize intraoperative risks, including anesthesia concerns, medication dosing, positioning, ergonomics, and DVT prophylaxis. 3) Analyze the postoperative course of the obese patient, including tracheotomy and airway management, wound healing and complications, DVT prevention, perioperative infection, and indications for intensive care unit (ICU) admissions.
In‐Office Safety: Are You Putting Your Patient at Risk?
Authors: Stachler Robert J. , Ferguson Berrylin J. , Kopelovich Jonathan C. , Hennessey Patrick T. 
Published: August 2013

Program Description:This one‐hour miniseminar will focus on three important office procedures: Compounded pharmaceuticals: Many office‐based pharmaceuticals are used by otolaryngologists daily. Otolaryngologists need to know what common drug preparations are compounded for use in the office. This 15‐minute segment will provide tips to physicians to ensure their pharmaceuticals are safe. Allergy vial preparation and injections: A 15‐minute presentation will explore current allergy practices and emphasize current safety concerns. Sterilization and safe use of equipment: Best evidence and recommendations for safe equipment reuse and sterilization techniques for office based procedures will be reviewed during this 15‐minute segment.Educational Objectives:1) Recognize the dangers associated with the use of compounded pharmaceuticals in the office and safe practices for use of these substances. 2) Implement recommendations for enhancing safe allergy practice, including vial preparation, advancement, and office injections. 3) Apply safe sterilization and device reuse and hygienic practice for the office and steps to implement safe office practice.
Major Complications in FESS: Tips from Expert Surgeons
Authors: Tewfik Marc A. , Wormald Peter J. , Valentine Rowan , Carrau Ricardo , Hwang Peter H. , Stamm Aldo E. C. 
Published: August 2013

Program Description:Identify high‐risk situations pre‐operatively in patients undergoing FESS.Educational Objectives:1) Identify high‐risk situations pre‐operatively in patients undergoing FESS. 2) Apply intra‐operative measures and technical pearls in order to avoid serious complications during FESS. 3) Articulate a clear plan for the management of intraoperative emergencies, including orbital hematoma and internal carotid artery injury.
Longitudinal Analysis of Morbidity and Mortality Conference Data for Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Lai Stephen Y. , Rashmi Richa , Lewis Carol M. , Hessel Amy C. , Gidley Paul W. , Skoracki Roman , Weber Randal S. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Morbidity and mortality (M&M) conferences are an important forum for discussing issues related to patient care and developing potential preventative actions. While this is a valuable educational venue, accurate collection of specific patient events also permits longitudinal analysis of these data that may improve the quality of patient care.Methods:We changed our reporting system for M&M conference cases in February 2009 by requiring weekly reporting of events by clinical trainees. A database was created to track specific events and associate them with specific surgeons, trainees, and procedures.Results:During a 2‐year period, we recorded 330 events (258 patients), which occurred during 4,659 surgical procedures (overall complication rate: 7.1%). Leading categories of complications included hematologic/vascular (89, 26.9%), wound‐related (68, 20.6%), technical (55, 16.7%), and respiratory (42, 12.7%). One hundred and seven patients required a return to the operating room for intervention, and 29 patients needed hospital re‐admission for continued care. There were 10 mortalities on the service, but 2 of these patients did not have any surgical procedure (overall mortality rate: 0.2%). An initial subset analysis of patients requiring free‐flap reconstruction demonstrated 141 complications in 80 patients, which occurred during 672 surgical cases (11.9%).Conclusions:Active tracking of M&M conference cases provides a valuable practice‐based system for clinical education and internal auditing of the quality of patient care. Continued tracking of these data beyond this initial 2‐year foundation will provide a valuable internal benchmark to compare against available data and with institutional/national metrics of quality of care at the department and individual surgeon level.