bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends Over Time in the Risk of Stroke After an Incident Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Sundararajan Vijaya , Thrift Amanda G. , Phan Thanh G. , Choi Philip M. , Clissold Ben , Srikanth Velandai K. 
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose—
Long-term population trends in the early risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack (TIA) are unknown. We hypothesized that there has been an appreciable decline in the risk of stroke after TIA for the last decade.

Methods—
Population-level cohort study from Victoria, Australia (population 5.6 million), using linked data from hospitals, emergency departments, and death records (2001–2011), with a 2-year clearance period to define incident TIAs. Age-specific rates/1000, yearly incident rate ratios, and age–sex-adjusted risk of stroke after TIA were computed.

Results—
The mean age of 46 971 patients with TIA was 71 (SD=15), 52% women. In patients ≥65 years, annual TIA rates declined between 2001 and 2011 from 5.8 to 4.8/1000 (men) and from 5.3 to 4.2/1000 (women). Yearly incident rate ratios were 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.96–0.98) in men and 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.97–0.98) in women. Overall, the 90-day stroke risk was 3.1%. Age–sex-adjusted risk of stroke at 90 days after a TIA decreased by 3% per year (odds ratio for the effect of year, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.95–0.99). Male sex, direct discharge from emergency departments, public hospital care, stroke unit care, and absence of vascular risk factors were associated with a downward yearly trend of stroke within 90 days of TIA.

Conclusions—
Over the last 10 years, there has been a measurable decline in the 90-day risk of stroke after an incident TIA and overall decline in rates of TIA in Victoria, Australia. These trends may reflect improved primary and secondary prevention efforts for the last decade.
Integrity Positions at Subject Training Technologizing
Authors: Александрова  , Aleksandrova E. , Столбова  , Stolbova I. , Крайнова  , Kraynova M. 
Published: September 2014

Authors consider modernization of methodology
related to development of academic programs of subject training
within FSES HPE. Competence-oriented level unification of students’
basic graphic training in technical high educational institutions
is given as an example.
To a Question of Students’ Individual Work Organization in the Course of Graphic Training
Authors: Кочурова  , Kochurova L. , Грошева  , Grosheva T. , Турицына  , Turitsyna I. 
Published: September 2014

The paper is devoted to problems related to students&#180;
individual work organization in technical high educational institution
while implementation of third generation FSES at the stage
of higher education modernization. Questions related to use of
remote technologies’ opportunities for support of full time and
part-time education in order to activate students’ individual work
in the course of graphic cycle disciplines studying are considered.
An electronic resource structure containing all educational process’s components is proposed; this structure’s basic principle is individuality
of education with independence skill development.
Faculty and student interactions via Facebook:
Policies, preferences, and practices
Authors: Hank Carolyn , Sugimoto Cassidy R. , Tsou Andrew , Pomerantz Jeffrey 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Students and faculty members have always interacted
informally. However, Facebook and other social networking sites (SNSs)
present interaction spaces that blur the boundaries between professional,
academic and personal lives. The impetus for this study is to understand the
extent of SNS-mediated informal interactions between faculty members and
students and the policies, preferences, and practices that inform these
interactions. Adopting a multiple-case approach, interviews with faculty
members and graduate students at three North American library and
information science schools were completed to examine behaviors when
interacting through Facebook. Additionally, syllabi at two of the case
settings were analyzed to see if they contain any polices, guidelines, or
other expectations for faculty and student interactions via SNSs. Interview
findings show that a majority of faculty members and students prefer not to
interact via Facebook, with several having developed ad hoc, informal
personal guidelines informing their decision-making. No faculty or students
reported explicit SNS policies or guidelines at their respective
institutions addressing faculty-student interactions. The lack of explicit
directives was apparent in the syllabi analysis as well. The implications
for higher education and development of policies are discussed.
Measuring Concentration and Competition in the U.S. Nonprofit Sector: Implications for Research and Public Policy
Authors: Seaman Bruce A. , Wilsker Amanda L. , Young Dennis R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn an era of dramatic financial challenges, pressure is growing for U.S. nonprofit organizations to consolidate. Yet, we know little about the current concentration of the sector and even less about the degree of competition in various nonprofit subsectors. In this paper we offer a detailed analysis of concentration patterns across the sector and analyze variations in these patterns by subsector and metropolitan areas. It is well known that measuring concentration is not identical to assessing effective competition and is but a starting point for a more thorough competitive analysis. An important distinction is made between the concentration of resources within larger subsector organizations and inequality in the distribution of resources across those organizations. Some subsectors may be concentrated yet behave competitively because resources are distributed relatively equally among several large organizations. By contrast, other concentrated subsectors may behave less competitively because resources are very unequally controlled by a few organizations. Understanding the patterns of both concentration and inequality in the nonprofit sector is likely a prerequisite to drawing defensible conclusions about the degrees of competition in the sector and the desirability of further consolidation. This analysis has implications for both public policy and philanthropy. It bears on the issues of whether antitrust policy should be forcefully applied to the nonprofit sector, whether government funding programs should encourage nonprofit consolidation or competition, and whether philanthropic institutions should implore nonprofit organizations to consolidate further or to compete more vigorously.
Messunsicherheiten in der Durchflussmessung: Der Weg zum
Messunsicherheitsmodell und zur Unsicherheitsanalyse – Teil 1
Authors: Engel Rainer 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Durchflusskalibriereinrichtungen lassen sich generell in drei am Messprozess
beteiligte Funktionselemente strukturieren, unabhängig von der Art des
Fluids und des verwendeten Referenznormals: das Referenznormal (Volumen oder
Masse), das zu kalibrierende Durchflussmessgerät sowie das
Verbindungselement dazwischen, das Zwischenrohrvolumen [1]. Mittels
modellbasierter Analyse können diese Elemente separat einer
Unsicherheitsanalyse unterzogen werden, deren Einzelergebnisse in einem
Gesamtmodell zusammengeführt werden. Eine „exakte“ Analyse der
Messunsicherheit im Rahmen von Messungen in Durchflusskalibriereinrichtungen
erfordert die Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheitsbeiträgen, die aus
den dynamischen Effekten des Messprozesses und der daran beteiligten
Funktionskomponenten resultieren. Deren Ursachen wiederum sind im
Wesentlichen in mehr oder weniger zufälligen Schwankungen der
Messgröße Volumen- bzw. Massedurchfluss in der Messanlage
begründet. Eine Komponente, die wesentlich zur Gesamtmessunsicherheit
bei Durchflussmessungen und -kalibrierungen beiträgt, ist der
Prüfling selbst, d. h. der zu kalibrierende Durchflusssensor. Dieser
Unsicherheitsbeitrag resultiert sowohl aus dem Messprozess als auch aus
inhärenten Eigenschaften dieses Messgerätes.
Applicability of Predictive Equations for Alfalfa Quality to Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico
Authors: Santillano‐Cázares Jesús , Carmona‐Victoria Martín , Contreras‐Govea Francisco E. , Idowu Omololu John , Albrecht Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTModels to estimate alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations using easily available variables were developed and tested in northern, humid regions of the United States but have not been validated in arid areas below 35° N latitude. The objective of this research was to test the performance of predictive equations for alfalfa quality (PEAQ) on nondormant alfalfa grown in irrigated desert regions in New Mexico and northern Mexico. Alfalfa with fall dormancy ratings of 8 and 9 were sampled over 1 or 2 yr at three irrigated locations. Five alfalfa samples were taken per field on each sample date between 0730 and 0830 h, leaving a stubble of approximately 4 cm. Observed NDF and ADF values were regressed on predicted values yielding r2 and root mean square error values in the range of those previously reported for alfalfa grown in northern states. The accuracy of predictions was improved by using field means (n = 5) rather than individual samples. In most cases regression equations were biased (slope ≠ 1 and/or intercept ≠ 0), but the magnitude of bias was relatively small. The index of agreement (d) was greater than 0.86 for all data, indicating an acceptable goodness of fit to predict NDF and ADF concentration using PEAQ. It is concluded that PEAQ can predict, with reasonable accuracy, fiber concentrations in alfalfa grown in desert regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Stocking Rate Effects on ‘Jiggs’ Bermudagrass Pastures Grazed by Heifers Receiving Supplementation
Authors: Aguiar A. D. , Vendramini J. M. B. , Arthington J. D. , Sollenberger L. E. , Sanchez J. M. D. , da Silva W. L. , Valente A. L. S. , Salvo P. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT‘Jiggs’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is a productive forage in the southeastern United States; however, there is limited information on grazing management of this bermudagrass ecotype. The objective of this study was to test the effects of different stocking rates on animal performance and herbage characteristics of Jiggs pastures. The experiment was conducted in Ona, FL, from May to August 2011 and 2012. Treatments were three stocking rates, 3.0 (low), 7.5 (medium), and 12.0 animal units (AU = 450 kg liveweight [LW]) ha−1 (high). The animals received 10 g kg−1 LW concentrate supplement daily during the experimental period. Heifer weight was recorded every 28 d and herbage parameters were measured every 14 d. There was a linear decrease (P < 0.01) in herbage mass (HM, from 3.8 to 2.4 Mg ha−1), light interception (from 94 to 71%), forage height (from 17 to 9 cm), and herbage allowance (HA, from 2.3 to 0.4 kg dry matter kg−1 LW) with increasing stocking rate. There was no effect (P > 0.10) of stocking rate on herbage nutritive value. Jiggs ground cover decreased (P < 0.01) from 95 to 39% with increasing stocking rates. Heifer average daily gain decreased (P < 0.01, from 0.7 to 0.3 kg d−1) and gain per hectare (P = 0.01, from 692 to 1064 kg ha−1) increased as stocking rate increased. Despite greater gain per hectare with increasing stocking rate, continuously stocked Jiggs should not be grazed below 17‐cm stubble height during the growing season to maintain the stand.
Seed Water Concentration and Accumulation of Protein and Oil in Soybean Seeds
Authors: Poeta Florencia B. , Rotundo José L. , Borrás Lucas , Westgate Mark E. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTSeed development is partitioned into a ‘lag’ phase, a ‘seed filling’ phase, and a ‘maturation’ phase. Transitions between phases correspond to seed water concentration (WC) values that are fairly consistent within species. For soybean (Glycine max L.), linear seed filling begins at approximately 85% (WCL) and maximum dry weight is attained at approximately 60% (WCM). While such WC values benchmark the progress of seed development, their utility for establishing onset and duration of individual seed chemical component accumulation is not known. Our objectives were (i) to determine WCL and WCM for seed protein, oil, and residual (mostly carbohydrates), (ii) to assess stability across genotypes and environments, and (iii) to investigate their relationship with the duration of accumulation. The WCL and WCM for oil, protein, and residual were significantly different. Values were higher for residual and lower for oil. Since seeds desiccate throughout their development, residual accumulation was initiated first, followed by protein, then by oil. The parameter WCL was more stable across genotypes than was WCM. Genotypes with lower WCM values had a longer duration of component accumulation. Increasing assimilate supply per seed decreased WCL for all seed components, but had little impact on WCM. Our results indicate that a water relations framework can be used to characterize accumulation patterns of individual seed components across genotypes and environments, providing a common basis for modeling the composition of soybean seeds.
Benefits and Costs of Appointing Joint Audit Engagement Partners
Authors: Ittonen Kim , Trønnes Per Christen 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARY
We investigate whether the practice of voluntarily engaging two audit partners is associated with audit quality and audit fees. Using a sample of listed Finnish and Swedish firms, we find evidence that joint engagement partners may be associated with higher audit quality, but not with higher audit fees. Moreover, the benefits of having joint engagement partners are driven by the cases where the partners are co-located in the same office and the clients' characteristics suggest the audit will be more challenging than is usual. When the joint engagement partners are from different offices, we find no variation in audit quality from that of single-partner audits, but a small reduction in audit fees. We interpret these findings to suggest that two audit partners co-located in the same office increase the effectiveness of the audit, whereas partners from different offices improve the efficiency vis-à-vis that of a single-partner audit. In general, our findings suggest that the benefits of the “four eyes principle” usually attributed to joint audits between two audit firms, are also applicable when there are two jointly responsible engagement partners from the same firm and, importantly, that the costs to clients do not appear to increase.
Biomonitoring of atmospheric trace elements in agricultural areas and a former uranium mine
Authors: Rodriguez Judith H. , Wannaz Eduardo D. , Weller Sebastian B. , Pignata María L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMost biomonitoring studies worldwide have evaluated the air quality in industrial and urban areas, and even in mining areas to a lesser extent. However, air quality investigations in agricultural areas are scarce. In the present study, the trace metal accumulation and physiological response of the biomonitor
Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Coronary Heart Disease and Heart Failure
Authors: Cameron Vicky A , Pilbrow Anna P 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding, single-stranded RNAs (19–25 nucleotides long) that regulate expression of multiple target genes, predominantly by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, resulting either in translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. miRNAs are found in many bodily fluids, including plasma and serum, and are protected from degradation in the circulation through association with lipids, proteins, or microparticles, making them attractive disease biomarker candidates. Circulating levels of cardiac miRNAs (including miR-1, miR-133a, miR-208a, miR-208b, and miR-499) have been frequently reported as elevated in both coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF) and have been proposed as candidate biomarkers that reflect the severity of myocardial injury. Subsequent large, array-based screening studies comparing patients and controls have identified altered expression of additional miRNAs, not just those of cardiac origin. However, among these studies there has been little consensus as to which miRNAs are top candidates for diagnosis or prognosis in either CHD or HF. The measurement of circulating miRNAs is further complicated by the timing of collection, especially after acute cardiac events while miRNA levels in blood may be rapidly changing; confounding influences from medications or contaminating blood cells at the time of sampling; and the need for standardization of normalization strategies. This review evaluates recent developments in the identification of circulating miRNAs as markers for diagnosis and prognosis in CHD and HF, and the methodological issues in measurement of circulating miRNAs.
Notes sur quelques passages d'Euripide
Authors: Lacroix Maurice 
Published: September 2014

Héraclès, 107 et 119, il n'y a pas lieu à correction, la dernière syllabe de ύπώροφα pouvant être allongée devant le μ de μέλαθρα ; — 121-122, suggestion de J.-P. Mahé : écrire ainsi le passage mis entre deux | dans l'éd. Parmentier :

ζυγηφόρον πόλον άνέντες ώς
βάρος φέρον τροχηλάτοιο πώλου

(« laissant partir la roue qui porte l'attelage, car c'est une lourde charge que celle d'un cheval ballotté par le char ») ; — 735 : maintenir ἐς Ἅιδαν ou ἐς Ἅιδα (au lieu de la correction ἐξ Ἅιδα) et comprendre μέγας ὁ πρόσθ' ἄναξ comme désignant Lycos ; — 845 : comprendre «j'ai là une fonction qui n'est pas, pour mes amis, d'une nature telle qu'ils la trouvent agréable» ; — 891 : écrire Κατάρχεται χορεύματα τυπάνων ἄτερ ; — 1159 : écrire φέρ' ἄν τι κρατὶ περιβάλω πέπλῳ σκότος ; — Bacchantes, 8 : écrire τυφόμεν' ἁδροῦ τε πυρὸς έτι ζώσαν φλόγα — cf. Plut. Vie de Solon, 1 — et comprendre « les ruines fumantes de l'édifice et la flamme encore vivante d'un feu épais ».
Extension and Comparative Study of AUSM-Family Schemes for Compressible Multiphase Flow Simulations
Authors: Kitamura Keiichi , Liou Meng-Sing , Chang Chih-Hao 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSeveral recently developed AUSM-family numerical flux functions (SLAU, SLAU2, AUSMM+-up2, and AUSMPW+) have been successfully extended to compute compressible multiphase flows, based on the stratified flow model concept, by following two previous works: one by M.-S. Liou, C.-H. Chang, L. Nguyen, and T.G. Theofanous [AIAA J. 46:2345-2356, 2008], in which AUSM+-up was used entirely, and the other by C.-H. Chang, and M.-S. Liou [J. Comput. Phys. 225:840-873, 2007], in which the exact Riemann solver was combined into AUSM+-up at the phase interface. Through an extensive survey by comparing flux functions, the following are found: (1) AUSM+-up with dissipation parameters of Kp and Ku equal to 0.5 or greater, AUSMPW+, SLAU2, AUSM+-up2, and SLAU can be used to solve benchmark problems, including a shock/water-droplet interaction; (2) SLAU shows oscillatory behaviors [though not as catastrophic as those of AUSM+ (a special case of AUSM+-up with Kp = Ku = 0)] due to insufficient dissipation arising from its ideal-gas-based dissipation term; and (3) when combined with the exact Riemann solver, AUSM+-up (Kp = Ku = 1), SLAU2, and AUSMPW+ are applicable to more challenging problems with high pressure ratios.
Finding Critical Nuclei in Phase Transformations by Shrinking Dimer Dynamics and its Variants
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Jingyan , Du Qiang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe investigate the critical nuclei morphology in phase transformation by combining two effective ingredients, with the first being the phase field modeling of the relevant energetics which has been a popular approach for phase transitions and the second being shrinking dimer dynamics and its variants for computing saddle points and transition states. In particular, the newly formulated generalized shrinking dimer dynamics is proposed by adopting the Cahn-Hilliard dynamics for the generalized gradient system. As illustrations, a couple of typical cases are considered, including a generic system modeling heterogeneous nucleation and a specific material system modeling the precipitate nucleation in FeCr alloys. While the standard shrinking dimer dynamics can be applied to study the non-conserved case of generic heterogeneous nucleation directly, the generalized shrinking dimer dynamics is efficient to compute precipitate nucleation in FeCr alloys due to the conservation of concentration. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate both the complex morphology associated with nucleation events and the effectiveness of generalized shrinking dimer dynamics based on phase field models.
Geometry‐Assisted Three‐Dimensional Superlocalization Imaging of Single‐Molecule Catalysis on Modular Multilayer Nanocatalysts
Authors: Han Rui , Ha Ji Won , Xiao Chaoxian , Pei Yuchen , Qi Zhiyuan , Dong Bin , Bormann Nicholas L. , Huang Wenyu , Fang Ning 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTo establish the structure–catalytic property relationships of heterogeneous catalysts, a detailed characterization of the three‐dimensional (3D) distribution of active sites on a single catalyst is essential. Single‐particle catalysis of a modular multilayer catalytic platform that consists of a solid silica core, a mesoporous silica shell, and uniformly distributed Pt nanoparticles sandwiched in between these layers is presented. The first 3D high‐resolution super‐localization imaging of single fluorescent molecules produced at active sites on the core‐shell model nanocatalysts is demonstrated. The 3D mapping is aided by the well‐defined geometry and a correlation study in scanning electron microscopy and total internal reflection fluorescence and scattering microscopy. This approach can be generalized to study other nano‐ and mesoscale structures.
Targeting DNA G‐Quadruplexes with Helical Small Molecules
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Laxmi‐Reddy Katta , Jena Prakrit V. , Baptiste Benoit , Dong Zeyuan , Godde Frédéric , Ha Taekjip , Rodriguez Raphaël , Balasubramanian Shankar , Huc Ivan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe previously identified quinoline‐based oligoamide helical foldamers and a trimeric macrocycle as selective ligands of DNA quadruplexes. Their helical structures might permit targeting of the backbone loops and grooves of G‐quadruplexes instead of the G‐tetrads. Given the vast array of morphologies G‐quadruplex structures can adopt, this might be a way to achieve sequence selective binding. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of molecules based on macrocyclic and helically folded oligoamides. We tested their ability to interact with the human telomeric G‐quadruplex and an array of promoter G‐quadruplexes by using FRET melting assay and single‐molecule FRET. Our results show that they constitute very potent ligands—comparable to the best so far reported. Their modes of interaction differ from those of traditional tetrad binders, thus opening avenues for the development of molecules specific for certain G‐quadruplex conformations.