bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tactical Sea Ice Drift Forecasting for Summer Operation Support in the Canadian Beaufort Sea
Authors: Blunt J.D. , Mitchell D.A. , Matskevitch D.G. , Younan A.H. , Hamilton J.M. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The ability to keep station is recognized as a key technical demand for yearround hydrocarbon exploration, development and production operations in thehigh arctic deepwater environment. Ice management has been used as ameans to improve station keeping ability in sea ice and extend operabilitybeyond the relatively short, ice free season in the Canadian BeaufortSea. The reliability of ice management is contingent upon accurate icedrift forecasting so decisions about operation suspension in the event of apotentially unmanageable ice intrusion can be conducted in a timelymanner. This paper demonstrates tactical level sea ice drift forecastingand proposes a model for free ice drift applicable to the shoulder seasons ofthe Canadian Beaufort Sea exploration window. Model calibration isdemonstrated with real ice drift time histories and the assumptions andlimitations of the approach are discussed.

Introduction
A significant hydrocarbon reserve is believed to exist in the higharctic. U.S. Geological Survey data [Bird et al. 2008] was used byHamilton [2011] to estimate that 40 billion bbl of oil could lie in the higharctic deepwater (defined as water depths &gt;100m). A vision foraddressing the technical challenges associated with safe and economic floatingdrilling in the high arctic was also defined. With respect to executionof ice management operation support, Hamilton et al. [2011] and Younan et al.[2012] begin to address these technical challenges by defining a near-fieldicebreaker tasking process control framework and a far-field riskcharacterization / alert system framework, respectively. A necessarycomponent of the proposed far-field risk characterization / alert system isaccurate ice drift forecasting.
Some of the earliest calibrated, physics based ice drift models wereproposed by McPhee [1978] and Hibler [1979]. The fundamental dynamics ofboth models is governed by Newton's second law with special consideration givento turning due to the Coriolis force. Hibler [1979] decoupled ice / oceanmomentum and considered the relationship between the two in terms of water dragacting along the bottom surface of the ice. This was acceptable becauseHibler emphasized Arctic basin scale gridded models and therefore spentconsiderable time developing constitutive laws for the rheological behavior andmass conservation associated with ridging and rubbling in pressured ice. McPhee [1978] relied heavily on the 1975-1976 AIDJEX (Arctic Ice Dynamics JointExperiment) field project for model calibration and focused on modeling freeice drift of individual floes.
Scaling Regimes and the Singularity of Specific Heat in the 3D Ising Model
Authors: Kaupužs J. , Melnik R. V. N. , Rimšāns J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe singularity of specific heatCVof the three-dimensional Ising model is studied based on Monte Carlo data for lattice sizesL≤1536. Fits of two data sets, one corresponding to certain value of the Binder cumulant and the other — to the maximum ofCV, provide consistent values ofC0in the ansatzCV(L)=C0+ALα/νat largeL, ifα/ν=0.196(6). However, a direct estimation from ourdata suggests thatα/ν, most probably, has a smaller value (e.g.,α/ν= 0.113(30)). Thus, the conventional power-law scaling ansatz can be questioned because of this inconsistency. We have found that the data are well described by certain logarithmic ansatz.
A Polynomial Chaos Expansion Trust Region Method for Robust Optimization
Authors: Zein Samih 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRobust optimization is an approach for the design of a mechanical structure which takes into account the uncertainties of the design variables. It requires at each iteration the evaluation of some robust measures of the objective function and the constraints. In a previous work, the authors have proposed a method which efficiently generates a design of experiments with respect to the design variable uncertainties to compute the robust measures using the polynomial chaos expansion. This paper extends the proposed method to the case of the robust optimization. The generated design of experiments is used to build a surrogate model for the robust measures over a certain trust region. This leads to a trust region optimization method which only requires one evaluation of the design of experiments per iteration (single loop method). Unlike other single loop methods which are only based on a first order approximation of robust measure of the constraints and which does not handle a robust measure for the objective function, the proposed method can handle any approximation order and any choice for the robust measures. Some numerical experiments based on finite element functions are performed to show the efficiency of the method.
Beneficial Effects of Addition of Glucocorticoid during Induction of Ovulation by Letrozole in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Begum Mosammat Rashida , Siddiqui Maruf , Baby Hosne Ara , Ehsan Mariya , Begum Mosammat Shahina , Khan Farzana , Quadir Ehsan 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of the study was to explore the efficacy of glucocorticoid in folliculogenesis and ovulation during induction of ovulation by letrozole in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Materials and methods
This experimental study was conducted in Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and Infertility Care and Research Centre (ICRC) Dhaka, Bangladesh. Two hundred and eighty infertile patients with PCOS, who failed to ovulate by letrozole 10 mg/day for 5 days were the target population of this study. The patients received glucocorticoid (Dexamethasone) 0.5 mg every alternate day from D2 of the cycle till D10 along with same dose of letrozole in subsequent cycles. Only letrozole-treated cycles were taken as control and letrozole plus glucocorticoid-treated cycles were taken as experimental. Monitoring was done by transvaginal ultrasonography. Six ovulatory cycles were observed for pregnancy. Main outcome measures were ovulation and pregnancy.

Results
Baseline characteristics were similar as same patients were taken as control and experimental. One hundred and eighty-two (65%) patients were ovulated and 93 (33.21%) patients got pregnant after addition of glucocorticoid.

Conclusion
In PCOS addition of glucocorticoid during induction of ovulation appears to cause significant improvement in folliculogenesis, ovulation and pregnancy.

How to cite this article
Begum MR, Ehsan M, Begum MS, Khan F, Baby HA, Siddiqui M, Quadir E. Beneficial Effects of Addition of Glucocorticoid during Induction of Ovulation by Letrozole in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(2):85-89.
GNK-PIMS Score: A Predictive Model for Success of External Cephalic Version
Authors: Tasnim Nasira , Mahmud Ghazala , Javaid Kiran 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
To determine association of GNK-PIMS score vs Newmann Peacock score with success of external cephalic version (ECV).

Materials and methods
This comparative cross-sectional analysis was carried out at MCH center Unit I, PIMS, Islamabad, from 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2009. Characteristics of 166 breech versions performed during study period were integrated into both Newmann Peacock score and GNK-PIMS score. Association of the two scoring systems with success of ECV was determined using Student t-test, correlation coefficient, Chi-square test and Cox and Snell test. The individual characteristics of two scores were also evaluated by stepwise linear regression model.

Results
The success rate of ECV was 49.9%. Newman Peacock score had weaker correlation with success of ECV (r = 0.234, p = 0.001) than GNK-PIMS score (r = 0.716, p = 0.000). The success rate was 6.3% at a score of <3 and 60% at >8 with Newmann Peacock score while that with GNKPIMS score was nil at a score of <3 and 100% at >8. All individual parameters of the GNK-PIMS score had significant association with success of ECV compared to only three variables of Newman Peacock score.

Conclusion
GNK-PIMS score is stronger predictor of ECV success than Newman Peacock score. Larger randomized controlled trials should be conducted based on this scoring system.

How to cite this article
Tasnim N, Mahmud G, Javaid K. GNKPIMS Score: A Predictive Model for Success of External Cephalic Version. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(2): 99-102.
Myiasis: A Boon or a Bane?
Authors: Bhalerao A , Somalwar S , Kulkarni S , Joshi S , Chopde Y 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
Myiasis is known to man since ages and has always been considered bane due to its prevalence in unhygienic conditions. But nowadays it is considered as a boon as it is being tried in treatment of nonhealing wounds.

How to cite this article
Kulkarni S, Joshi S, Bhalerao A, Chopde Y, Somalwar S. Myiasis: A Boon or a Bane? J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(2):116-117.
Determination of Ambroxol Hydrochloride, Guaifenesin, and Theophylline in Ternary Mixtures and in the Presence of Excipients in Different Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Abdelwahab Nada S 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Determination of ternary mixtures of ambroxol hydrochloride, guaifenesin, and theophylline with minimum sample pretreatment and without analyte separation has been successfully achieved by using chemometric and RP-HPLC methods. The developed chemometric models are partial least squares (PLS) and genetic algorithm coupled with PLS. Data of the analyses were obtained from UV-Vis spectra of the studied drugs in different concentration ranges. These models have been successfully updated to be applied for determination of the proposed drugs in Farcosolvin® syrup and in the presence of a syrup excipient (methyl paraben). In the developed RP- HPLC method, chromatographic runs were performed on an RP-C18 analytical column with the isocratic mobile phase 0.05 M phosphate buffer–methanol–acetonitrile–triethylamine (63.5 + 27.5 + 9 + 0.25, v/v/v/v, pH 5.5 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The analytes were detected and quantified at 220 nm. The method was optimized in order to obtain good resolution between the studied components and to prevent interference from methyl paraben. Method validation was performed with respect to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and the validation acceptance criteria were met in all cases. The proposed methods can be considered acceptable for QC of the studied drugs in pharmaceutical capsules and syrup. The results obtained by the suggested chemometric methods for determination of the studied mixture in different pharmaceutical preparations were statistically compared to those obtained by applying the developed RP-HPLC method, and no significant difference was found.
Multiresidue Method for Pesticide Residue Analysis in Food of Animal and Plant Origin Based on GC or LC and MS or MS/MS
Authors: Muñoz Eva , Muñoz Gloria , Pineda Laura , Serrahima Eulalia , Centrich Francesc 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A multiresidue method based on GC or LC and MS or MS/MS for the determination of 204 pesticides in diverse food matrixes of animal and plant origin is described. The method can include different stages of cleanup according to the chemical characteristics of each sample. Samples were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction. Those with a high fat content or that contained chlorophyll required further purification by gel permeation chromatography and/or SPE (ENVI-Carb). The methodology developed here was fully validated; the LOQs for the 204 pesticides are presented. The LOQ values lie between 0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg. However, in some cases, mainly in baby food, they were as low as 0.003 mg/kg, thereby meeting European Union requirements on maximum residue levels for pesticides, as outlined in European regulation 396/2005 and the Commission Directive 2003/13/EC. The procedure has been accredited for a wide scope of pesticides and matrixes by the Spanish Accreditation Body (ENAC) following ISO/IEC 17025:2005, as outlined in ENAC technical note NT-19.
Chiral Chromatography Studies of Chemical Behavior of Cinacalcet on Polysaccharide Chiral Reversed-Phase HPLC Stationary Phases
Authors: Douša Michal , Břicháč Jiřiacute; 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A rapid HPLC method for the analytical resolution of cinacalcet enantiomers was developed. Four chiral columns (two amylose and two cellulose type) were evaluated in RP systems. Excellent enantioseparation with a resolution of more than 6 was achieved on Chiralpak AY (amylose 5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate chiral stationary phase) using 10 mM triethylamine (pH 8.0)–acetonitrile (40 + 60, v/v) mobile phase. Validation of the HPLC method, including linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy, and selectivity, was performed according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The method was successfully applied for the determination of (S)-cinacalcet in enantiopure active pharmaceutical ingredient (R)-cinacalcet.
Simultaneous Analysis of Steviol and Steviol Glycosides by Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection on a Mixed-Mode Column: Application to Stevia Plant Material and Stevia-Containing Dietary Supplements
Authors: Jaworska Karolina , Krynitsky Alexander J , Rader Jeanne I 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Simultaneous separation of steviol and steviol glycosides is challenging because of differences in their polarity and chemical structure. In this study, simultaneous analysis of steviol and steviol glycosides was achieved by LC with UV detection using a mixed-mode RP weak anion exchange chromatography column. Steviol and seven steviol glycosides were analyzed on an Acclaim Mixed-Mode Wax-1 (Dionex) column with a linear gradient of deionized water adjusted to pH 3.00 with phosphoric acid and acetonitrile. The extraction was performed by sonicating dry plant material at 40°C in acetonitrile–water (30 + 70, v/v). LOQ values (mg/g dry weight of plant material) were rebaudioside B, 0.50; steviol, 0.70, dulcoside A, 1.0; steviolbioside, 1.2; stevioside and rebaudioside C, 2.0; rebaudioside D, 3.3; and rebaudioside A, 5.0. The method demonstrated suitable performance for all analytes tested with respect to accuracy (mean recoveries 95–99%), intraday and interday precision for retention times (0.070–0.28% and 0.33–1.0% RSD, respectively), and linearity. The method was used to authenticate steviol glycosides in several samples of Stevia plant material as well as to quantitate steviol glycosides in dietary supplements containing Stevia.
Qualitative and Event-Specific Real-Time PCR Detection Methods for Bt Brinjal Event EE-1
Authors: Randhawa Gurinder Jit , Sharma Ruchi , Singh Monika 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Bt brinjal event EE-1 with cry1Ac gene, expressing insecticidal protein against fruit and shoot borer, is the first genetically modified food crop in the pipeline for commercialization in India. Qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) along with event-specific conventional as well as real-time PCR methods to characterize the event EE-1 is reported. A multiplex (pentaplex) PCR system simultaneously amplifying cry1Ac transgene, Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, nopaline synthase (nos) terminator, aminoglycoside adenyltransferase (aadA) marker gene, and a taxon-specific β-fructosidase gene in event EE-1 has been developed. Furthermore, construct-specific PCR, targeting the approximate 1.8 kb region of inserted gene construct comprising the region of CaMV 35S promoter and cry1Ac gene has also been developed. The LOD of developed EE-1 specific conventional PCR assay is 0.01%. The method performance of the reported real-time PCR assay was consistent with the acceptance criteria of Codex Alimentarius Commission ALINORM 10/33/23, with the LOD and LOQ values of 0.05%. The developed detection methods would not only facilitate effective regulatory compliance for identification of genetic traits, risk assessment, management, and postrelease monitoring, but also address consumer concerns and resolution of legal disputes.
Analysis of Deoxynivalenol, Zearalenone, T-2, and HT-2 Toxins in Animal Feed by LC/MS/MS–A Critical Comparison of Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup with No Cleanup
Authors: Senyuva Hamide Z , Gilbert John , Türköz Gözde , Leeman David , Donnelly Carol 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A comparison has been made of an LC/MS/MS method using direct analysis of acetonitrile extracts of feed and cereal samples and a method using acetonitrile extraction and subsequent immunoaffinity column (IAC) cleanup. Naturally contaminated samples containing one or more of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2, and HT-2 toxins were analyzed together with test materials containing known toxin levels. LC/MS/MS ion ratios and peak profiles, repeatability, and LOQs were used as the basis for comparing the two approaches. The method without cleanup had poorer performance than the method with IAC cleanup in terms of identification based on ion ratios compared to standards. Without cleanup, there was more evidence of background interference, and monitored ions were invariably seen against a noisy background. Nevertheless, quantification of samples analyzed without cleanup gave reasonable agreement with the levels found in the same samples that had received IAC cleanup. Repeatability was poorer with no cleanup, and LOQ values were higher for HT-2 and T-2 toxins, but there was no evidence of any adverse effects on MS performance with repeated injections of crude extracts. Overall, it was concluded that LC/MS/MS analysis of samples with no cleanup is adequate for screening, but for definitive measurements (e.g., for food regulatory control purposes) IAC cleanup remains essential.
Comparative Evaluation of a Phage Protein Ligand Assay with VIDAS and BAX Methodology for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Using a Standard Nonproprietary Enrichment Broth
Authors: Lu Jingzhang , Tang Mujin , Liu Huiling , Huang Lihua , Wan Zhigang , Zhang Heng , Zhao Fang 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major foodborne pathogen of concern worldwide. This study was conducted to compare the sensitivity and minimum enrichment time for detection of E. coli O157:H7 by the VIDAS ultraperformance E. coli test (VIDAS ECPT UP) with that of two other commercial detection kits, the ELISA-based VIDAS ECO system and the PCR-based BAX® system. Only VIDAS ECPT UP detected all 18 positive results of bacterial suspensions at the level of 104 CFU/mL E. coli O157:H7 and 106 CFU/mL E. coli as background flora, whereas the BAX system PCR assay detected six positive results and VIDAS ECO detected no positive results. A 6 h enrichment at 42°C is enough for detection of all 18 strains in artificial contaminated raw beef meat, raw milk, and raw chicken, and for detection of most of them in soybean sprout and fresh papaya juice with VIDAS ECPT UP, whereas enrichment of more than 8 h was required for detection of the strains with the VIDAS ECO and PCR-BAX systems. These results indicate that the VIDAS ECPT UP is superior to the other two alternative methods when a standard enrichment broth is used that is different from the broths recommended by the manufacturers.
GMOMETHODS: The European Union Database of Reference Methods for GMO Analysis
Authors: Bonfini Laura , van den Bulcke Marc H , Mazzara Marco , Ben Enrico , Patak Alexandre 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In order to provide reliable and harmonized information on methods for GMO (genetically modified organism) analysis we have published a database called “GMOMETHODS” that supplies information on PCR assays validated according to the principles and requirements of ISO 5725 and/or the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry protocol. In addition, the database contains methods that have been verified by the European Union Reference Laboratory for Genetically Modified Food and Feed in the context of compliance with an European Union legislative act. The web application provides search capabilities to retrieve primers and probes sequence information on the available methods. It further supplies core data required by analytical labs to carry out GM tests and comprises information on the applied reference material and plasmid standards. The GMOMETHODS database currently contains 118 different PCR methods allowing identification of 51 single GM events and 18 taxon-specific genes in a sample. It also provides screening assays for detection of eight different genetic elements commonly used for the development of GMOs. The application is referred to by the Biosafety Clearing House, a global mechanism set up by the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to facilitate the exchange of information on Living Modified Organisms. The publication of the GMOMETHODS database can be considered an important step toward worldwide standardization and harmonization in GMO analysis.
Detection of Adulterated Ginkgo biloba Supplements Using Chromatographic and Spectral Fingerprints
Authors: Harnly James M , Luthria Devanand , Chen Pei 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The fingerprints of 18 commercially available Ginkgo biloba supplements, 12 samples of raw G. biloba leaves, and three G. biloba standard reference materials from the National Institute of Standards and Technology were acquired directly (no chromatography) by UV spectrometry and after separation using HPLC with a diode array detector. The fingerprints consisted of the UV spectral images, the chromatographic images, and the areas of the 21 most prominent chromatographic peaks. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis and one-class soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). It was determined that three of the commercial products were adulterated with rutin, four with quercetin, and one with an unidentified flavonol glycoside. One-class SIMCA of the authentic products allowed the adulterated products to be easily distinguished using Q-residuals. Authentic supplements and raw leaf materials were easily distinguished. The finely powdered samples were also analyzed by near-IR (NIR) spectrometry. The authentic and adulterated products could not be distinguished by NIR spectrometry because of the excipients.
Seeing the Wood for the Trees: Enhancing Metadata Subject Elements with Weights
Authors: Zhang Hong , Smith Linda C. , Twidale Michael , Gao Fang Huang 
Published: December 2012

Subject indexing has been conducted in a dichotomous way in terms of what the information object is primarily about/of or not, corresponding to the presence or absence of a particular subject term, respectively. With more subject terms brought into information systems via social tagging, manual cataloging, or automated indexing, many more partially relevant results can be retrieved. Using examples from digital image collections and online library catalog systems, we explore the problem and advocate for adding a weighting mechanism to subject indexing and tagging to make web search and navigation more effective and efficient. We argue that the weighting of subject terms is more important than ever in today’s world of growing collections, more federated searching, and expansion of social tagging. Such a weighting mechanism needs to be considered and applied not only by indexers, catalogers, and taggers, but also needs to be incorporated into system functionality and metadata schemas.