bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Stroke and Coexistent Conditions: Disparities between Indigenous and Nonindigenous Western Australians
Authors: Katzenellenbogen Judith M. , Knuiman Matthew W. , Sanfilippo Frank M. , Hobbs Michael S. T. , Thompson Sandra C. 
Published: April 2014

Background Worldwide, the prevalence of stroke is poorly described in indigenous populations, despite high stroke burden. This paper reports the average point prevalence of hospitalized stroke and coexistent conditions (2007–2011) in indigenous and nonindigenous people in Western Australia, the largest and most sparsely populated Australian jurisdiction. Methods Using state-wide linked hospital and mortality data, indigenous and nonindigenous prevalent stroke cases (aged 25–84 years) were identified after reviewing stroke admissions over a fixed 20-year look-back period. Prevalent cases were those alive at midyear of each study year. The 2007–2011 period prevalence was a weighted average of annual prevalence. Histories of 11 comorbidities were identified using the 20-year look-back period. Results Indigenous cases comprised 5% of the average 13 591 annual prevalent cases. Indigenous patients were more likely to be younger, female, and have unknown stroke type. Indigenous prevalence was higher at every age. The age-standardized prevalence in indigenous men (33·7 per 1000; 95% confidence interval 31·9–35·4) was 3.7 times greater than in nonindigenous men (9·1 per 1000; 95% confidence interval 9·0–9·2). The corresponding estimates for women were 27·1 per 1000 (25·7–28·4) and 6·1 per 1000 (6·0–6·2) (ratio = 4·4). The percentage with selected comorbid conditions was substantially higher for indigenous patients. Conclusions The high stroke prevalence in indigenous Western Australians, coupled with clinical complexity from comorbid conditions, requires access to culturally appropriate medical, rehabilitation, and logistical support. Intensified primary and secondary prevention is needed to reduce the impact of stroke on indigenous people.
High levels of opioid analgesic co‐prescription among methadone maintenance treatment clients in British Columbia, Canada: Results from a population‐level retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nosyk Bohdan , Fischer Benedikt , Sun Huiying , Marsh David C. , Kerr Thomas , Rehm Juergen T. , Anis Aslam H. 
Published: April 2014

Background and ObjectivesThe non‐medical use of prescription opioids (PO) has increased dramatically in North America. Special consideration for PO prescription is required for individuals in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Our objective is to describe the prevalence and correlates of PO use among British Columbia (BC) MMT clients from 1996 to 2007.MethodsThis study was based on a linked, population‐level medication dispensation database. All individuals receiving 30 days of continuous MMT for opioid dependence were included in the study. Key measurements included the proportion of clients receiving >7 days of a PO other than methadone during MMT from 1996 to 2007. Factors independently associated with PO co‐prescription during MMT were assessed using generalized linear mixed effects regression.Results16,248 individuals with 27,919 MMT episodes at least 30 days in duration were identified for the study period. Among them, 5,552 individuals (34.2%) received a total of 290,543 PO co‐prescriptions during MMT. The majority (74.3%) of all PO dispensations >7 days originated from non‐MMT physicians. The number of PO prescriptions per person‐year nearly doubled between 1996 and 2006, driven by increases in morphine, hydromorphone and oxycodone dispensations. PO co‐prescription was positively associated with female gender, older age, higher levels of medical co‐morbidity as well as higher MMT dosage, adherence, and retention.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceA large proportion of MMT clients in BC received co‐occurring PO prescriptions, often from physicians and pharmacies not delivering MMT. Experimental evidence for the treatment of pain in MMT clients is required to guide clinical practice. (Am J Addict 2014;23:257–264)
Nationwide dissemination of contingency management: The veterans administration initiative
Authors: Petry Nancy M. , DePhilippis Dominick , Rash Carla J. , Drapkin Michelle , McKay James R. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundContingency management (CM) is an empirically validated intervention but one not often applied in practice settings in the US.ObjectivesThe aim of this article is to describe the veterans administration (VA) nationwide implementation of CM treatment.MethodsIn 2011, the VA called for integration of CM in its intensive outpatient substance abuse treatment clinics. As part of this initiative, the VA funded trainings and ongoing implementation support, and it provided direct funds for reinforcers and other intervention costs.ResultsOver 100 clinics received this funding in 2011, and CM has been implemented in over 70 substance abuse treatment clinics since August 2011.ConclusionsThis training and implementation experience has been highly successful and represents the largest scale training in evidence‐based treatments for substance use disorders in the VA health care system to date.Scientific SignificanceThis program may serve as a model for training in evidence‐based treatments. (Am J Addict 2014;23:205–210)
Relationships of behavioral measures of frontal lobe dysfunction with underlying electrophysiology in cocaine‐dependent patients
Authors: Gjini Klevest , Qazi Aisha , Greenwald Mark K. , Sandhu Ravinder , Gooding Diane C. , Boutros Nash N. 
Published: April 2014

Background and ObjectivesDespite evidence that frontal lobe functioning is impaired in cocaine‐dependent individuals, relationships between behavioral measures of frontal dysfunction and electrophysiological measures of inhibition in cocaine use have not been explored.MethodsUsing the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), frontal dysfunction was assessed in a group of abstinent cocaine‐dependent subjects (N = 49) and healthy controls (N = 32). Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and evoked potential (EP)‐based electrophysiological measures of inhibition, we assessed associations between these measures and FrSBe estimates of frontal dysfunction.ResultsPatients had significantly higher FrSBe scores for executive dysfunction, disinhibition, and apathy than controls. Lower TMS‐based resting motor thresholds (ie, hyperexcitability) were significantly associated with higher executive dysfunction scores in the patients.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceRelationships between FrSBe scores and TMS‐based measures highlight neurophysiological aberrations underlying frontal lobe dysfunction in cocaine abusers. TMS and EP measures may be useful probes of the intermediary steps between frontal lobe dysfunction and addictive behavior. (Am J Addict 2014;23:265–271)
Alcohol and drug use in groups of cannabis users: Results from a survey on drug use in the Swedish general population
Authors: Berge Jonas , Håkansson Anders , Berglund Mats 
Published: April 2014

Background and ObjectivesAlthough cannabis is well studied in the scientific literature, relatively little is known about the relationship between the frequency of cannabis use and the use of alcohol and other drugs. The aim of this study was to identify differences between frequent and occasional cannabis users with respect to the use of other illicit drugs, hazardous alcohol use, and unauthorized use of prescription drugs.MethodsResults from a questionnaire on drug use taken by 22,095 individuals in the Swedish general population were analyzed with a logistic regression model. Active cannabis use was defined as having used cannabis in the past 12 months. Use of cannabis two‐to‐three times per week or more was classified as frequent use.ResultsCannabis users were more likely to report hazardous alcohol use, use of other illicit drugs, and unauthorized use of prescription drugs than were non‐users. Within the group of active cannabis users, frequent cannabis use, compared to occasional use, was associated with the use of other illicit drugs and negatively associated with hazardous alcohol use.Discussion and ConclusionsThe association between cannabis use and hazardous alcohol use, use of other illicit drugs, and unauthorized use of prescription drugs was expected. However, the negative association between frequent cannabis use and hazardous alcohol use among active cannabis users was surprising. This indicates that frequent cannabis users may differ from more occasional users in clinical needs.Scientific SignificanceThese results show a previously unknown characteristic of the association between frequency of cannabis use and hazardous alcohol use in the general population. (Am J Addict 2014;23:272–279)
Implementing substance abuse group therapy clinical trials in real‐world settings: Challenges and strategies for participant recruitment and therapist training in the Women's Recovery Group Study
Authors: Greenfield Shelly F. , Crisafulli Michele A. , Kaufman Julia S. , Freid Cathryn M. , Bailey Genie L. , Connery Hilary S. , Rapoza Michelle , Rodolico John 
Published: April 2014

Background and ObjectivesOpen‐enrollment group therapy research is challenged by the participant recruitment necessary to ensure continuous group enrollment. We present successful strategies to overcome the following barriers during the Women's Recovery Group (WRG) two‐site clinical trial (N = 158): maintenance of sample size and balanced gender randomization during continuous enrollment, maintenance of group attendance, and training and retention of therapists over the 24‐month continuous group enrollment.MethodsTo increase recruitment, we targeted referral sources yielding the highest enrollment conversion at each site. Group sessions were consistently held regardless of group size. Therapists were trained in two teams allowing for coverage and uninterrupted treatment over 24 months.ResultsAt both sites recruitment and enrollment increased with each successive quarter. Sample size and end date targets were met without disruptions in treatment. Group therapists reported high satisfaction with their training and treatment experiences.Discussion and ConclusionsThese strategies supported targeted enrollment and study duration, stability of open‐enrollment group therapy frame, and therapist retention and satisfaction.Scientific SignificanceApplying these strategies can aid in providing evidence‐based group therapy in both clinical and research settings. (Am J Addict 2014;23:197–204)
BSE‐associated polymorphisms in the prion protein gene: an investigation
Authors: Vernerova K. , Tothova L. , Mikova A. , Vodrazka P. , Simek B. , Hanusova L. , Citek J. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the 12‐bp and 23‐bp indel polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP) in cattle and to investigate the association between these frequencies and the occurrence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). There was no significant difference in the 12‐bp indel frequency between the BSE animals and control group. For the 23‐bp indel, the BSE animals had a significantly lower + + (insins) genotype frequency and + allele frequency compared with the control animals. The − − / − − genotype frequency in the BSE animals was not significantly higher when compared with the control animals. One − allele increased the risk of BSE by a factor of 1.55 (i.e. by 55%) for the 12‐bp indel and by a factor of 2.10 for the 23‐bp indel. When both indels are considered, one − allele increased the risk of BSE by a factor of 1.54.
Fluoroscopy of Spontaneous Breathing is More Sensitive Than Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for Detection of Right Phrenic Nerve Injury During Cryoballoon Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: LINHART MARKUS , NIELSON ANNIKA , ANDRIÉ RENÉ P. , MITTMANN‐BRAUN ERICA L. , STÖCKIGT FLORIAN , KREUZ JENS , NICKENIG GEORG , SCHRICKEL JAN W. , LICKFETT LARS M. 
Published: April 2014

Monitoring of Phrenic Nerve During Cryoballoon AblationIntroductionRight phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) is a typical complication of cryoballoon ablation of the right‐sided pulmonary veins (PVs). Phrenic nerve function can be monitored by palpating the abdomen during phrenic nerve pacing from the superior vena cava (SVC pacing) or by fluoroscopy of spontaneous breathing. We sought to compare the sensitivity of these 2 techniques during cryoballoon ablation for detection of PNP.Methods and ResultsA total of 133 patients undergoing cryoballoon ablation were monitored with both SVC pacing and fluoroscopy of spontaneous breathing during ablation of the right superior PV. PNP occurred in 27/133 patients (20.0%). Most patients (89%) had spontaneous recovery of phrenic nerve function at the end of the procedure or on the following day. Three patients were discharged with persistent PNP. All PNP were detected first by fluoroscopic observation of diaphragm movement during spontaneous breathing, while diaphragm could still be stimulated by SVC pacing. In patients with no recovery until discharge, PNP occurred at a significantly earlier time (86 ± 34 seconds vs. 296 ± 159 seconds, P < 0.001). No recovery occurred in 2/4 patients who were ablated with a 23 mm cryoballoon as opposed to 1/23 patients with a 28 mm cryoballoon (P = 0.049).ConclusionFluoroscopic assessment of diaphragm movement during spontaneous breathing is more sensitive for detection PNP as compared to SVC pacing. PNP as assessed by fluoroscopy is frequent (20.0%) and carries a high rate of recovery (89%) until discharge. Early onset of PNP and use of 23 mm cryoballoon are associated with PNP persisting beyond hospital discharge.
Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Mechanical Mitral Valve: Long‐Term Outcome of Single Procedure of Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation with or without Nonpulmonary Vein Trigger Ablation
Authors: BAI RONG , DI BIASE LUIGI , MOHANTY PRASANT , SANTANGELI PASQUALE , MOHANTY SANGHAMITRA , PUMP AGNES , ELAYI CLAUDE S. , REDDY YERUVA MADHU , FORLEO GIOVANNI B. , HONGO RICHARD , BEHEIRY SALWA , RUSSO ANTONIO DELLO , CASELLA MICHELA , PELARGONIO GEMMA , SANTARELLI PIETRO , HORTON RODNEY , SANCHEZ JAVIER , GALLINGHOUSE JOSEPH , BURKHARDT J. DAVID , MA CHANGSHENG , LAKKIREDDY DHANUNJAYA , TONDO CLAUDIO , NATALE ANDREA 
Published: April 2014

Long‐Term Outcome of AF Ablation in MMV PatientsIntroductionIt is unclear whether extended pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) plus nonpulmonary vein (non‐PV) trigger elimination prevents more arrhythmia recurrence than PVAI alone in patients with mechanical mitral valve (MMV) undergoing AF ablation. This study compared the efficacy and long‐term outcome of 2 ablation strategies—PVAI alone versus extended PVAI plus non‐PV trigger elimination—for the treatment of AF in patients with MMV.Methods and ResultsOne hundred and nine consecutive AF patients with MMV were divided into 2 groups: standard PVAI was performed in group 1 (N = 45); in group 2 (N = 64) PVAI was extended to the LA posterior wall, LA septum, and CS; and all non‐PV triggers were eliminated. Patients were followed up for 3 years. At the 12th month, 7 (15.6%) patients in group 1, and 39 (60.9%) patients in group 2 were arrhythmia free (log‐rank P < 0.001). Four patients (8.9%; 3 cases of AT and 1 case of AF) from group 1, and 12 patients (18.8%; 9 cases of AT, and 3 cases of AFL) from group 2 experienced very late recurrence. At 36 ± 7 months follow‐up, the cumulative recurrence after a single procedure was 42/45 (93.3%) in group 1, and 37/64 (57.8%) in group 2 (log‐rank P < 0.001).ConclusionCompared with the standard PVAI alone, a strategy including extended PVAI and non‐PV trigger elimination is associated with a higher 12‐month and long‐term arrhythmia‐free survival in patients with MMV undergoing AF ablation. Very late recurrence may occur years after the initial procedure with focal AT as the most common type of recurrent arrhythmia.
Low serum level of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein in a Japanese patient with maturity‐onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3)
Authors: Ohki Tsuyoshi , Utsu Yoshihiko , Morita Shinya , Karim Md. Fazlul , Sato Yoshifumi , Yoshizawa Tatsuya , Yamamura Ken‐ichi , Yamada Kentaro , Kasayama Soji , Yamagata Kazuya 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHigh‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels in European populations are lower in patients with maturity‐onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) than in those with type 2 diabetes. hs‐CRP levels have been suggested to be useful for discriminating MODY3 from type 2 diabetes. As hs‐CRP levels are influenced by various factors including race and body mass index, it is worthwhile to examine whether hs‐CRP can serve as a biomarker for MODY3 in Japanese. Here we describe the case of a Japanese MODY3 patient with a nonsense mutation in the HNF1A gene. Two measurements showed consistently lower hs‐CRP levels (<0.05 and 0.09 mg/L) than in Japanese patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Hepatic expression of Crp messenger ribonucleic acid was significantly decreased in Hnf1a knockout mice. The hs‐CRP level might be a useful biomarker for MODY3 in both Japanese and European populations.
Thaumatotibia leucotreta and the Navel orange: ovipositional preferences and host susceptibility
Authors: Love C. N. , Hill M. P. , Moore S. D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFalse codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), presents a significant threat to the South African citrus industry. To limit income loss due to direct larval damage or from fruit rejection due to the phytosanitary status of this pest, additional pre‐harvest control techniques are required for Navel oranges, which are known to be susceptible to T. leucotreta damage. A number of Navel orange cultivars have been developed, and differences in female T. leucotreta ovipositional preference and susceptibility of cultivars to larval penetration are known to exist. Navel orange cultivars were grouped according to time of maturity (early, mid‐ and late season). Female T. leucotreta were subjected to choice and no‐choice tests with these cultivars, measured by oviposition. Host susceptibility was tested by allowing neonate T. leucotreta larvae to penetrate the different Navel cultivars. In the early maturing group, Fischer Navels were least preferred for oviposition and the least susceptible to larval penetration. The mid‐ and late season maturing groupings showed limited differences in oviposition preference, although host susceptibility did appear to be an important factor in assessing the vulnerability of fruit to T. leucotreta. Despite being widely planted in South Africa, the mid‐season Palmer Navels were highly susceptible to larval penetration, while for the late season cultivars, Cambria and Glen Ora Late were the least susceptible to T. leucotreta. As a result of these laboratory trials, it is recommended that farmers increase cultivation of Fischer Navels as the principal early season cultivar, avoid Palmer Navels in favour of other mid‐season maturing cultivars and give preference to the late maturing Cambria and Glen Ora Late cultivars, to limit T. leucotreta damage.
Acute dermatitis in farmed trout: an emerging disease
Authors: Peeler E J , Ryder D , Thrush M A , Mewett J , Hulland J , Feist S W 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA new skin condition, known as puffy skin disease (PSD), emerged in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) in 2002. The number of new cases increased considerably from 2006. Clinical signs include white or grey skin patches, which become raised and red with excessive mucous production and scale loss. Fish are inappetant and lose condition. Histologically, the key feature is epithelial hyperplasia. We undertook a questionnaire study of trout farmers in England and Wales to investigate prevalence and risk factors. PSD was reported on 37% (n = 49) of rainbow trout sites, located in 28 river catchments. The increase in cases from 2006 onwards was mirrored by the increase in red mark syndrome (RMS). Prevalence and severity of PSD were highest in the summer months. The presence of PSD was associated with RMS (OR = 9.7, P < 0.001). Sites receiving live rainbow trout in the previous 12 months were considerably more likely to have PSD (OR = 5.3. P < 0.01), which suggests an infectious aetiology. The size of affected fish and prevalence varied between farms, indicating that farm‐level factors are important. Future research should further investigate the aetiology of PSD and practices to manage the disease.
Infections by Renibacterium salmoninarum and Nanophyetus salmincola Chapin are associated with reduced growth of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Sandell T A , Teel D J , Fisher J , Beckman B , Jacobson K C 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe examined 1454 juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), captured in nearshore waters off the coasts of Washington and Oregon (USA) from 1999 to 2004 for infection by Renibacterium salmoninarum, Nanophyetus salmincola Chapin and skin metacercariae. The prevalence and intensities for each of these infections were established for both yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon. Two metrics of salmon growth, weight residuals and plasma levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐1, were determined for salmon infected with these pathogens/parasites, both individually and in combination, with uninfected fish used for comparison. Yearling Chinook salmon infected with R. salmoninarum had significantly reduced weight residuals. Chinook salmon infected with skin metacercariae alone did not have significantly reduced growth metrics. Dual infections were not associated with significantly more severe effects on the growth metrics than single infections; the number of triple infections was very low and precluded statistical comparison. Overall, these data suggest that infections by these organisms can be associated with reduced juvenile Chinook salmon growth. Because growth in the first year at sea has been linked to survival for some stocks of Chinook salmon, the infections may therefore play a role in regulating these populations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean.
Adhesion of smooth and rough phenotypes of Flavobacterium psychrophilum to polystyrene surfaces
Authors: Högfors‐Rönnholm E , Norrgård J , Wiklund T 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPhenotypic smooth cells of the fish pathogenic bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum have previously been reported to be more adhesive to polystyrene surfaces than corresponding rough cells. In this study, the adhesion ability of smooth and rough cells of F. psychrophilum to polystyrene surfaces was investigated in detail with a crystal violet staining method. By treating both polystyrene surfaces with fish mucus and carbohydrates and the bacterial cells with carbohydrates, the involvement of lectins in the adhesion process was investigated. Smooth cells showed significantly higher adhesion ability to untreated polystyrene surfaces compared with corresponding rough cells and increasing water hardness had an inhibitory effect on the adhesion. Treatment of polystyrene surfaces with D‐glucose, D‐galactose and fish mucus increased the adhesion ability of smooth cells to polystyrene. Furthermore, treatment of the smooth cells with D‐glucose, D‐galactose and sialic acid decreased the adhesion ability of the cells, indicating that the adhesion is likely mediated by complementary lectins on the surface of the cells. Sodium (meta)periodate treatment of smooth cells also decreased the adhesion ability to polystyrene, suggesting that the lectins, such as the dominating sialic acid‐binding lectin, are probably localized in the extracellular polysaccharides surrounding the cells.