bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathologic lesions in conventional pigs experimentally infected with Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5
Authors: Austin-Busse R.-L. , Ladinig A. , Balka G. , Zoels S. , Ritzmann M. , Palzer A. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryObjective: In the present study various tissues of pigs were investigated for the presence of histopathologic lesions after an experimental infection with Haemophilus (H.) parasuis serovar 5. Material and methods: Conventional pigs (n = 36) were divided into a control group B (n = 9) and a challenge group A (n = 27), which was infected intratracheally. Pigs that did not die prior to study termination were euthanized on day 14 post inoculation. Postmortem samples of the lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, left tarsal joint capsule and brain were collected. Results: All but one pig with detectable histopathologic lesions (n = 11) showed typical macroscopic changes. Histopatho logic examination of all tissue samples identified pyelitis (n = 10), synovitis (n = 7) and meningitis (n = 7) and all those animals were euthanized prior to study termination. No histopathologic lesions were found in pigs of the control group. The correlations between pyelitis and meningitis, pyelitis and synovitis and synovitis and meningitis were significant (p < 0.001). No significant correlation could be observed between the histopathologic and the clinical examination of the joints. The investigation of samples from the joints by PCR was not significantly correlated with the observed synovitis. The clinical observation of neurologic signs was significantly correlated with meningitis (p = 0.03). A significant correlation (p < 0.001) could be detected between meningitis and the detection of H. parasuis by PCR in brain samples. Conclusions: H. parasuis constantly causes clinical signs and pathologic lesions as soon as it infects the brain while it can infect the joints without causing histopathologic lesions. Pigs with histopathologic lesions do not always show typical clinical signs. Only few studies described the finding of kidney lesions in pigs with Glässer’s disease and this is the first study to describe a pyelitis in pigs experimentally infected with H. parasuis. The observed pyelitis mainly occurred in acute cases.
PREFÁCIO AO V.2., N.4 DA REVISTA JURÍDICA DO DIREITO
Authors: KRETSCHMANN Angela , SELAYARAM Renato 
Published: March 2015

<p>A Revista Jurídica do Cesuca alcança seu quarto número com uma coleção de artigos cuidadosamente selecionados e avaliados e que vêm a público agora, em dezembro de 2014. A Revista cresceu ainda mais em estrutura, em qualidade, e neste quarto número, que a faz completar 2 anos de nascimento, acrescentou mais indexadores internacionais e popularizou-se mais entre os cientistas pesquisadores da área jurídica, em especial na América Latina.</p><p>É importante lembrar que a Revista insere-se dentro da política de acesso aberto promovida pela Faculdade Inedi – Cesuca, e dessa forma, o acesso à produção é livre, sem necessidade sequer de qualquer cadastro prévio para acesso aos exemplares.</p>
Dermatologic Surgical Pearls: Enhancing the Efficacy of the Traditional Elliptical Excision
Authors: Nantel-Battista Melissa , Murray Christian 
Published: March 2015

Dermatologic surgery procedures can sometimes be time consuming in an office setting. We present a series of tips for dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons that will enhance the efficiency of simple procedures. Les interventions en chirurgie dermatologique peuvent parfois prendre beaucoup de temps en cabinet. Nous présentons une serie de conseils à l'intention des dermatologues et des chirurgiens dermatologues, qui accroîtront l'efficacité de petites interventions.
Dermatologic Surgical Pearls Part 3: Tips for Labial Excisions and Repairs
Authors: Nantel-Battista Melissa , Murray Christian 
Published: March 2015

Dermatologic surgery procedures can sometimes be time consuming in an office setting. We present two tips for dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons that will enhance the efficiency of procedures around the lip. Les interventions en chirurgie dermatologique peuvent parfois prendre beaucoup de temps en cabinet. Seront présentés aux dermatologues et aux chirurgiens dermatologues deux procédés qui auront pour effet d'accroître l'efficacité des interventions touchant les lèvres.
The Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Arab Dermatology Patients
Authors: Alshahwan Mohammed A. 
Published: March 2015

Background Psychiatric disorders are common among patients with physical illnesses. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Arab dermatology patients and to study its association with the patients’ characteristics. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 875 patients attending the Dermatology Clinic at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Each patient was asked to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the demographic-clinical questionnaire. Results The frequency of anxiety and depression in Arab dermatology patients was 29% for anxiety and 14% for depression. These frequencies were not related to sociodemographic and clinical variables (p > .05), except skin disease type (p < .05). Patients suffering from hair loss had the highest anxiety and depression scores (OR 1.725 [95% CI 1.247-2.386] and OR 1.686 [95% CI 1.101-2.581], respectively). On the other hand, patients suffering from psoriasis had the highest depression scores (OR 2.909 [95% CI 1.611-5.254]). Conclusion Anxiety and depression are frequent among Arab dermatology patients.
Money-in-the-Utility-Function: Model Simulations and Money Demand Estimation in the Case of the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Ivanov Mile , Petkovski Mihail , Naumovska Elena 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper aims to reassess and analyze the dynamic interactions between money, prices and economic activity in the case of the Republic of Macedonia. The first part of the paper simulates the property of the superneutrality of money, based on Sidrauski’s (1967) framework. The second part presents the money demand estimations on the monetary aggregate M2 for the period from 2002 to 2012, using the cointegration approach. Following Cziráky and Gillman (2006), we examine the validity of the Fisher equation in the case of Macedonia. The Fisher equation does not hold in the case of Macedonia, so the inflation rate must be included in the money demand specification. The estimated cointegration equation is in line with economic theory. The cointegration equation shows income elasticity less than unity (0,81), small and negative interest rate semi-elasticity (-0.17) and negative elasticity with respect to inflation. The short-run dynamics reveal that only 2,70% of the disequilibrium is corrected in a single quarter. The properties of stability imply that the M2 aggregate may serve as a proper policy indicator.
Forecast of Sand Deposition at Low Points of a Riser - Jubilee Field Case Study
Authors: Anthony William , Nadu Stephen Langmatey 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The Jubilee Field is located at about 60 km offshore Tano Basin, Ghana. It produces from an average water depth of about 1100 m through subsea components such as manifolds, flowlines and flexible risers into a Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) platform at surface. The paper examined the flow dynamics and sand deposition pattern in the east loop riser of the Jubilee Field under a given operating conditions.
It employed computational fluid dynamics technique aimed at forecasting the possible deposition areas of sand in the riser. Eulerian discrete phase model was adopted in predicting sand flow pattern at areas encompassing the low points of the riser.
It was observed that for the given flow conditions, there is the possibility of sand deposition and/or accumulation in some sections of the riser. The study predicted the possibility of sand deposition within the vicinity of 14 m from the riser base, and also at sections from the touchdown point up to 2 m downstream of that point. It established that low points in riser bathymetry are possible sources for onset of sand deposition. Sand dispersion decreases from the point of injection towards the lower region of the flow domain downstream from the injection point.
The study would aid in proposing effective riser bathymetry to mitigating the impacts of sand deposition in a riser. It will contribute significantly in developing an effective sand management strategy.

Introduction
The Jubilee Field is a 'green' field located approximately 60km offshore Tano Basin of Ghana with an estimated recoverable reserves of over 370 million barrels and an upside potential of about 1.8 billion barrels. Cased Hole Frac Pack (CHFP) completions were performed on the Jubilee wells; as a long term insurance to mitigate sand production although studies showed the reservoir was generally competent and consolidated.
Mechanistic Modelling for Field Trial of Enhanced Water-Alternating-Gas (EWAG) Injection in Malaysian Oilfields
Authors: Foo Yoong Yow , Zhafri Ridhwan , Tewari Raj Deo , Hunter Thomas 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Application of gas injection to displace crude oil for pressure maintenance and improving oil recovery often suffer from severe viscous fingering and gravity override. As such, Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) injection mode is usually promoted, in order to improve macroscopic and microscopic displacements. The improvement in oil recovery due to WAG injection is attributed to the contact of the unswept zones and modification of residual oil saturations, targeting the attic oil. Hysteretic effects which changes saturation paths, due to sequential injection of water and gas, additionally improve the recovery. The gas flow may, however, still develop preferential paths that bypass many unswept regions because of its inherent viscosity and density differences against water. Foam as gas mobility controller has been studied and introduced to enhance WAG displacement process. It acts as a blocking agent in high-permeability zones and diverts the gas flow to the other oil-trapped regions. Foam is a discontinuous phase which consists of liquid lamella and foam gas. Having intermediate behaviours between water and gas, its stability is strongly dependent on the component saturation, strength, size, gas quality etc. As a result, it poses a great challenge to simulate these complex mechanisms and behaviours, not to mention the pertaining effects in the porous media. At present, foam mechanisms are widely modelled via simple quasi-equilibrium approach using interpolation parameters, such as oil saturation, capillary number etc. to correlate the corresponding Mobility Reduction Factor (MRF). This paper presents the foam model results which intend to predict the foam injectivity at wellbore conditions, subsequently developing an injection proposal scheme for the field trial of EWAG process in Malaysia oilfields. In turn, the field trial results later will be history-matched, aiming to improve the prediction model for successive full-field modelling. The mechanistic modelling approach employed in this study takes into account of changes of lamella densities, allowing foam degradation and regeneration via stoichiometric reaction expressions. The mobility control is modelled throughinterpolation of relative permeability using foam gas concentration as interpolator andpermeability blockage in the presence of trapped lamella in solid form.
Minimizing Hydrate Inhibitor Injection Rates
Authors: Yang Jinhai , Mazloum Vajari Saeid , Chapoy Antonin , Tohidi Bahman 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Inhibitor injection is probably the most popular option for avoiding gas hydrate problems. However, inhibitor injection rates are normally designed based on worst operating conditions (i.e., maximum pressure and minimum temperature) with significant safety margin (e.g., 3–5 °C). Although the system pressure normally drops with time, the injection rates are not normally changed. Furthermore, large quantities of inhibitors are used during start-ups and maintained until the system conditions at monitoring point is well outside the hydrate stability zone. This is completely understandable considering the costs and risks associated with hydrate blockage which outweigh any savings associated with reducing inhibitor injection rates.
However, high inhibitor injection rates are not sustainable later in the life of the reservoir when the water cut increases, hence there is significant interest in developing monitoring and warning systems that can adjust inhibitor injection rates and warn against any potential hydrate blockage.
This laboratory has been investigating various techniques for monitoring hydrate safety margin and detecting early signs of hydrate formation for a number of years through several JIPs. After screening many techniques we have developed two main techniques for monitoring hydrate safety margin (i.e., how far the system is outside the hydrate stability zone) and detecting early signs of hydrate formation. The techniques have now been tested and implemented in many places around the world. These techniques enable us to adjust inhibitor injection rates based on system parameters, hence a more reliable and cost effective hydrate prevention strategy. In this communication we will present the developed techniques and some of the case studies.

Introduction
Injection of hydrate inhibitors is the most common measure to prevent hydrate blockages apart from dehydration and thermal insulation (including heating). There are three types of hydrate inhibitors in terms of inhibition mechanisms, including thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THIs), kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs), and anti-agglomerants (AAs). THIs inhibit hydrate formation by shifting the hydrate phase boundary to lower temperature and higher pressure, moving the operation conditions outside the hydrate stability zone (HSZ), while KHIs do not prevent hydrate formation but delay hydrate nucleation and hinder hydrate crystal growth within a certain degree of subcooling, which allows the hydrocarbon fluids sufficient time to pass through the length of a transport pipeline where the thermodynamic conditions are inside the HSZ [1–5]. Contrary to THIs and KHIs, AAs allow hydrate formation but prevent individual hydrate crystals from agglomerating together, therefore, maintain the hydrocarbon system transportable [5, 6].
Acquiring and Maintaining Social License to Operate During the Lifecycle of Major Oil and Gas Operations
Authors: Gilbert Katherine , Canning James W. 
Published: March 2015

Introduction
This paper addresses some of the key considerations and activities required in order to acquire and maintain a Social License to Operate (SLO) throughout the full life-cycle of major upstream oil and gas projects and operations (hereafter referred to as a Project or Operation). Operations in both Papua New Guinea and Chad, representing different phases of the lifecycle, were examined in order to identify key strategies and lessons learned.

Overview
The upstream lifecycle of an oil and gas project typically begins with exploration activities, moves into the design and construction of facilities and infrastructure following discovery of commercial quantities of oil and gas, transitions into production operations and then ends with decommissioning. It is important to identify and address the socioeconomic aspects and risks associated with each phase of the operation as early as possible and with a long-term, strategic view. Any commitments, expectations and relationships established with local stakeholders during one phase can have positive or negative impacts on successive phases of the operation. Since there are often significant changes to the scope of activities that take place within a given community throughout the life-cycle, it is imperative to identify a strategy that allows for both the successful acquisition and long-term maintenance of a SLO. Stakeholders and issues will likely change during the life-cycle, so the SLO Strategy must take that into consideration.

What is a Social License to Operate?
There are varying definitions of SLO which are used by different entities depending on the context of the country in which they operate. One way to define SLO is the degree to which a company and its activities are accepted by the local network of stakeholders, including government, landowners, the local communities and any other people directly affected by an Operation. This unwritten social contract is earned and maintained through relationships based on honesty, transparency and respect. Ongoing approval by stakeholders is based on the company's on-the-ground performance.
Prediction of Critical Gas Velocity of Liquid Unloading for Entire Well Deviation
Authors: Li Jeff , Almudairis Fahad , Zhang Hong-quan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Liquid loading is a common production problem in mature gas wells. As the formation pressure decreases and gas flow rate also decreases, the gas kinetic energy is unable to lift the liquid phase completely to the surface. Liquid starts to accumulate at the bottom of the well, which increases the back pressure of the reservoir. This is reflected in a fluctuated production of liquid and gas rates. At the same time, it significantly reduces the production rate and eventually kills the well. Correct prediction of critical gas velocity at which the well starts to load is very important to the operators since they could take appropriate measures to prevent liquid loading and extend the well production life.
In the past, most studies on liquid loading focused on vertical wells. Only recently have a few studies been conducted to deal with the liquid loading for deviated and horizontal wells. To date, there are few published studies discussing how to predict the critical gas velocity across a wide deviation angle range. In fact, there are contradictory conclusions made by different researchers. In this paper a database related to the critical gas velocity is compiled with data from published literature. A new model is developed and evaluated with the experimental data. The gaps in the previous studies and modeling are also discussed.

Introduction
Gas wells often produce water and other condensate. In the early production stage, the gas flow rate is high enough to carry the produced liquids to the surface. As the reservoir pressure is depleted, the produced gas flow rate decreases until the gas reaches a critical condition at which time the liquid loading is initiated. At the inception of liquid loading, the gas flow rate is not enough to carry the liquid completely to the surface and the liquids start to accumulate at the bottom of the well. Then, the back pressure builds up and the increased reservoir pressure will eventually be sufficient to lift the liquid to the surface. Once the liquid slug is pushed out by the gas, the liquid starts to reload the well again and the cycles are repeated again and again until the well is eventually loaded completely and gas production stops. Accurate prediction of liquid loading in the well is very important to the operators since this will allow them to take the necessary measures to void liquid loading and extend the well production life. The most common liquid loading symptoms observed in the field are pressure (or pressure gradient) fluctuations and reduction of gas production.
In general, there are two different liquid loading principles proposed in the literature: liquid droplet fall back and liquid film reversal. The liquid droplet mechanism is based on the falling back of liquid droplets while the liquid film concept is related to the partial or full reversal flow of the liquid film.
Electro-Magnetic Sensitivity in the Bengal Basin: Implications for Exploration in Myanmar, Bangladesh and NE India
Authors: Filipov Allan , Dilindi Robert , Drage Magne 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The Ganges Brahmaputra Delta and the associated Bengal Fan is the world's largest delta/submarine fan complex. The deepwater areas of the Bengal and Rakhine Basins are relatively underexplored frontier areas. In 2003 the large Shwe gas field was discovered in Lower Pliocene turbidite fan sediments with reserve estimates of 6–9 tcf. As additional blocks are licensed, new data will be acquired to evaluate the area including 3D CSEM which is being considered as a complementary exploration method to seismic data.
The controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method has been applied to oil and gas exploration and production for more than 10 years. EM data are used to indicate the presence of hydrocarbons, since hydrocarbon saturated rocks display higher electric resistivity compared to water-filled reservoirs. CSEM is an excellent technique to define the lateral extent of hydrocarbon accumulations and is particularly useful in determining the existence and extent of stratigraphic accumulations.
3D modelling indicates CSEM is sensitive to the Shwe Field reservoirs and can define the lateral extent of the pay zones. 3D CSEM forward modelling has been performed over a range of target sizes within the economic limitations of deepwater drilling, and the modelling shows that CSEM would be sensitive to those targets.
Based on these results, it is concluded that CSEM 3D data will detect the presence of hydrocarbon accumulations and thus, high-grade exploration areas in the greater Bengal Basin.

Introduction
In this paper we describe how the deepwater reservoir sediments in the Bay of Bengal, dominated by a deepwater turbidite depositional process, is the ideal geologic setting for detecting resistive anomalies related to hydrocarbon accumulations. Turbidites, by nature, are anomalous deposits of sand encased in shale. When saturated with hydrocarbons, they are more resistive than the surrounding shales, allowing them to be detected using the marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) method. CSEM is sensitive to the large Shwe field accumulation on the shelf, offshore Myanmar and is used in this study to illustrate the ranges of detectability in the adjacent deepwater areas (Fig. 1).