bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on crystal process and isothermal crystallization kinetics of UHMWPE/CA‐MMT composites
Authors: Liu Cheng , Qiu Hua‐Ting , Liu Chang‐Jian , Zhang Jun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChanges in the crystal morphology, crystallinity, and the melting process of thermoplastics resulted in significant changes in the processability and mechanical behavior of composites. In our former study, we prepared a novel antibacterial UHMWPE/CA‐MMT composite. In this study, the crystal process and crystallization kinetics of pure UHMWPE, UHMWPE/MMT, UHMWPE/CA, and UHMWPE/CA‐MMT were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results showed that the chlorhexidine acetate (CA) and montmorillonite (MMT) could cause strong heterogeneous nucleation. The results of crystallization kinetics indicated that the addition of CA could decrease the crystallization rate constant K value and widen the range of the crystal growth temperature. The reological behaviors of four samples were carried out by a physical MCR301 rheometer. The results showed that the CA could bring down the complex viscosity of composites, thus affecting the crystal process or crystallization kinetics. POLYM. COMPOS., 33:1987–1992, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Supramolecular composites of photo‐cured acrylated castor oil and fibers formed by the self‐assembly of low molecular weight organic gelators
Authors: Shibata Mitsuhiro , Kakihara Takuya , Obara Syotarou 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA mixture of acrylated castor oil (ACO) with N‐carbobenzyloxy‐L‐isoleucylaminooctadecane (CIA) or (R)‐12‐hydroxystrearic acid (HSA) containing photo‐initiators was heated to 130°C and gradually cooled to room temperature to give bio‐based gelatinous material. The photo‐curing of the gel generated a crosslinked ACO composite containing CIA or HSA. The optical micrographic and differential scanning calorimetry analyses revealed that a supramolecular fibrous network is formed for photo‐cured ACO (cACO)/CIA and that spherulitic crystals are formed for cACO/HSA. The tan δ peak temperatures measured by dynamic mechanical analysis for cACO/CIA and cACO/HSA composites were higher than that of cACO. The flexural strength and modulus of cACO/CIA composites increased with an increase of CIA content, and those values were higher than those of cACO/HSA composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 33:2001–2008, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Arabin cervical pessary to prevent preterm birth in severe twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome treated by laser surgery
Authors: Carreras Elena , Arévalo Silvia , Bello‐Muñoz Juan Carlos , Goya Maria , Rodó Carlota , Sanchez‐Duran Maria Angeles , Peiro Jose Luis , Cabero Lluís 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe the outcome of patients with twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome and cervical length ≤ 25 mm, treated with laser and an Arabin cervical pessary.MethodsRetrospective analysis of a consecutive series of all cases with severe twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome who underwent laser surgery: a group with cervical length above 25 mm (group A) and two groups who had a cervical length of 25 mm or less prior to the procedure. The first 8 cases (group B) were managed expectantly and the next 8 cases had a cervical pessary inserted immediately after laser surgery (group C). Gestational age at birth was the primary outcome. The secondary outcome was a composite one encompassing severe neonatal morbidity.ResultsThe median gestational age at laser surgery was 20 weeks in all groups but the median gestational age at delivery was significantly higher in group C versus B (28 vs 32 weeks, p = 0.01). Severe neonatal morbidity was present in 18% in group C and 70% in group B (p < 0.01).ConclusionEarly results suggest a potential role for pessary use in prolonging gestation in cases with shortened cervix at the time of laser. A randomized trial to test this hypothesis should be performed. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neutrino masses and mixing: a flavour symmetry roadmap
Authors: Morisi S. , Valle J.W.F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOver the last ten years tri‐bimaximal mixing has played an important role in modeling the flavour problem. We give a short review of the status of flavour symmetry models of neutrino mixing. We concentrate on non‐Abelian discrete symmetries, which provide a simple way to account for the TBM pattern. We discuss phenomenological implications such as neutrinoless double beta decay, lepton flavour violation as well as theoretical aspects such as the possibility to explain quarks and leptons within a common framework, such as grand unified models.
Lepton flavour violation and flavour symmetries
Authors: Deppisch F.F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this review article, we highlight the impact of models incorporating flavour symmetries on charged lepton flavour violating (LFV) processes. Flavour symmetries provide a natural approach to explain the peculiar mass hierarchies and mixing patterns of the Standard Model fermions. New sources of LFV are generally present in new physics beyond the Standard Model, and flavour symmetries can make distinctive predictions for LFV observables. Their discovery can provide crucial information to distinguish flavour symmetries and new physics scenarios in general. Because of their high sensitivity, we will focus on searches for low‐energy LFV processes such as μ → e γ or μ‐e conversion in nuclei but we will also highlight the potential impact of LFV processes at the LHC. If new physics occurs at a scale accessible by the LHC, the flavour operators they induce could potentially be probed in high detail.
Cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression is involved in estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in human prostate cancer
Authors: Nakamura Yasuhiro , Felizola Saulo J.A. , Kurotaki Yumi , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , McNamara Keely M. , Suzuki Takashi , Arai Yoichi , Sasano Hironobu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDEstrogen receptor beta (ERβ) has been demonstrated to be expressed in prostate carcinoma cells and estrogen signals through ERβ to act as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer patients. ERβ is thought to regulate the cell cycle of prostate carcinoma cells by controlling the expression of cell cycle regulators including cyclin D1 (CCND1). This interaction is of particular interest as CCND1 has been implicated in the development of prostate cancer.METHODSWe evaluated ERβ and CCND1 immunoreactivity in human prostate cancer (n = 112, surgical specimens), and correlated the findings with clinicopathological features of the patients. Subsequent in vitro experiments using PC‐3 prostate carcinoma cells were also performed to examine whether estradiol (E2) could change the expression level of CCND1 mRNA.RESULTSCCND1 immunoreactivity was detected in 78/112 cases (70%), and was significantly correlated with incidence of perineural invasion and ERβ immunoreactivity (P < 0.05). Forty‐eight hours incubation with E2 (10 nM) increased the expression level of CCND1 mRNA as well as c‐jun (JUN) and c‐fos (FOS) in PC‐3 cells, and PHTPP (ERβ antagonist) suppressed E2‐induced expression of those mRNAs.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that CCND1 expression is possibly regulated by estrogens via ERβ and that this signaling pathway may influence prostate cancer development. Prostate 73: 590–595, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Algorithms for retrieving geophysical parameters from the MADRAS and SAPHIR sensors of the Megha‐Tropiques satellite: Indian scenario
Authors: Gohil B. S. , Gairola R. M. , Mathur A. K. , Varma A. K. , Mahesh C. , Gangwar R. K. , Pal P. K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe major scientific objective of the Megha‐Tropiques (MT) satellite, an Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)–Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) collaborative project, is to understand the energy and water cycles in the global tropical region. With its 20° inclined orbit, it will frequently measure radiation emitted by the Earth‐Atmosphere System in the visible, infrared and microwave spectrum through its four sensors on board. Various geophysical parameters, namely water vapour, cloud liquid water and surface winds over oceanic regions, and the rainfall, humidity profile and top‐of‐atmosphere radiative fluxes over land as well as over oceanic regions will be derived from the measurements made by these instruments. This article deals with the efforts made by ISRO to develop algorithms for deriving these geophysical parameters from the microwave imager and sounder, mentioning the pre‐launch specifications with prelude examples from existing space‐borne sensors of similar types. The sensor‐specific algorithms are presented in different sections. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Stress during Pregnancy: The Role of Institutional Racism
Authors: Mendez Dara D. , Hogan Vijaya K. , Culhane Jennifer F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractInstitutional racism, also known as structural racism, can be defined as differential access to resources and opportunities by race as well as policies, laws, and practices that reinforce racial inequity. This study examines how institutional racism in the form of residential redlining (neighbourhood‐level racial inequities in mortgage lending) and segregation (geographic separation of groups by race) is associated with self‐reported stress among a diverse cohort of pregnant women. Institutional racism was measured by a residential redlining index using Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data and residential segregation using 2000 US Census data. These redlining and segregation indices were linked with data from a pregnancy cohort study (n = 4652), which included individual measures of reported stress. We ran multilevel linear regression models to examine the association between redlining, segregation and reported stress. Hispanic women compared with all other women were slightly more likely to report stress. There was no significant relationship between redlining and stress among this population. However, higher neighbourhood percentage black was inversely associated with stress. This study suggests that some forms of segregation may be associated with reported stress. Future studies should consider how redlining and segregation may provide an understanding of how institutional racism and the neighbourhood context may influence stress and health of populations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk factors for repeat abortion in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Shyam , Neupane Shailes 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the incidence of and risk factors for repeat abortion in Nepal.MethodsData were analyzed from a survey of 1172 women who had surgical abortions between December 2009 and March 2010 in 2 clinics in Kathmandu, Nepal. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to estimate odds ratios for the risk factors.ResultsAmong the respondents, 32.3% (95% confidence interval, 29.6–34.9) had repeat abortions. This incidence rose sharply with age and parity, and was higher among those with no intention of having a future child, those attaining primary or secondary level education, and those attending the non‐governmental sector clinic. Women with repeat abortion were similar to those with 1 abortion in terms of contraceptive practice. Among women not using contraceptives at the time of the unintended pregnancy, the 3 most commonly cited reasons were ill health, non‐compliance with the method intended for use, and dislike of the method. Women with repeat abortion showed a pattern of contraceptive acceptance immediately after the procedure similar to that of women who had 1 abortion.ConclusionRepeat abortion is emerging as a major public health issue in Nepal, with implications for counseling and provision of abortion, and for family planning services.
Reversible nasal airway obstruction: does change in nasal peak inspiratory flow following decongestion predict response to topical steroids in chronic rhinosinusitis patients?
Authors: Koo Ng N K F , Young D , McGarry G W 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground:Predicting which chronic rhinosinusitis patients have nasal obstruction due to reversible mucosal inflammation could prevent unnecessary surgery.Aim:To investigate whether the change in nasal peak inspiratory flow following maximal decongestion (i.e. mucosal reversibility) at first visit predicts the response to topical steroids in chronic rhinosinusitis patients, as measured by the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test.Methods:Prospective study of 128 consecutive new adult patients presenting with nasal obstruction due to chronic rhinosinusitis (January 2008 to July 2010). The 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test questionnaire was administered and the nasal peak inspiratory flow assessed. Following maximal nasal decongestion, the nasal peak inspiratory flow was again tested and the difference calculated. Topical steroids were administered for at least six weeks. The 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test was then repeated and the difference calculated.Results:Data were analysed using means and correlation studies (Spearman's rank correlation). There was no correlation between the pre- versus post-decongestion nasal peak inspiratory flow difference and the pre- versus post-steroid 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test difference, in chronic rhinosinusitis patients with or without nasal polyps.Conclusion:The difference between pre- and post-decongestion nasal peak inspiratory flow does not predict chronic rhinosinusitis patients' response to topical steroids.
Numbers didn't count: the streets of colonial Bombay and Calcutta
Authors: HARRIS RICHARD , LEWIS ROBERT 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT:Street and house numbers are part of the modern state's geo-locational regime, by which people and places are made legible to distant governments and bureaucrats. Some writers have suggested that they were important in colonial cities, where urban regulation and political control was often insecure, but we know little about their extent and significance in such settings. Bombay and Calcuttac.1901 are significant test cases, being two of the largest colonial cities in the world, as well as being recent sites of major disease outbreaks. City directories in Bombay, together with property assessment and census evidence for Calcutta, show that house numbers were rare for all types of property and people. Local residents used other methods to navigate the city, while British administrators did not believe house numbers to be an important aspect of colonial rule. Fragmentary evidence for other colonial cities suggests that the experience of these Indian cities was broadly typical.
Radial 1‐D seismic structures in the deep mantle in mantle convection simulations with self‐consistently calculated mineralogy
Authors: Nakagawa Takashi , Tackley Paul J. , Deschamps Frédéric , Connolly James A. D. 
Published: October 2012

Numerical thermo‐chemical mantle convection simulations in a spherical annulus geometry with self‐consistently calculated mineralogy and mineral physics are used to predict detailed deep mantle seismic structures, particularly local radial profiles of shear wave velocity (Vs) and bulk sound velocity (Vb). The predicted structures are compared to seismological observations and used to guide the interpretation of seismic observations and to test the model. The mantle composition is described as a mixture of MORB (Mid‐Oceanic‐Ridge‐Basalt) and harzburgitic end‐members in the Na2O‐CaO‐FeO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2system. To assess the influence of chemical variability, four different sets of end‐member compositions are evaluated. Results confirm that the post‐perovskite (pPv) phase causes anti‐correlated S wave and bulk sound velocities in the deep mantle, due to pPv being fast in Vs but slow in bulk sound velocity. Local 1‐D seismic profiles display great lateral variability, and often have multiple discontinuities in the deep mantle due to MORB layers in folded slabs, with a positive Vs anomaly and negative bulk sound anomaly, or the perovskite‐pPv phase transition. The pPv transition is not visible inside piles of segregated MORB because of the high temperature and small velocity contrast of pPv in MORB. Piles of segregated MORB are seismically slow in both Vs and bulk sound despite being expected to be fast in Vs, because they are hotter than the surrounding material. Anelasticity has a significant influence on profiles of Vs only in the lower thermal boundary layer, which corresponds to below 2600 to 2800 km depth depending on region, where temperatures are higher than the extrapolated adiabat. These results indicate the importance of using a joint geodynamical‐mineralogical approach to predict and aid in the interpretation of deep mantle seismic structure, because interpretations based on seismology and mineral physics alone may be misleading and do not capture the strong lateral variability in 1‐D structure obtained here: for example, multiple reflections arising from folded slabs and the precise balance between thermal and compositional influences on seismic structure.
Ganglioside GM3 participates in the TGF-β1-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells
Authors: Kim Seok-Jo , Chung Tae-Wook , Choi Hee-Jung , Kwak Choong-Hwan , Song Kwon-Ho , Suh Seok-Jong , Kwon Kyung-Min , Chang Young-Chae , Park Young-Guk , Chang Hyeun Wook , Kim Kyoung-Sook , Kim Cheorl-Ho , Lee Young-Choon 
Published: October 2012

TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)-induced EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition) induces the proliferation and migration of the HLE (human lens epithelial) cells. Ganglioside GM3, simple sialic-acid-containing glycosphingolipids on mammalian cell membranes, regulates various pathological phenomena such as insulin resistance and tumour progression. However, the relationship between ganglioside GM3 and TGF-β-induced EMT in the HLE B-3 cells is poorly understood. In the present study we demonstrated that ganglioside GM3 was involved in TGF-β1-induced EMT in HLE B-3 cells. Our results indicated that the expression of ganglioside GM3 and GM3 synthase mRNA were significantly increased in TGF-β1-induced HLE B-3 cells. Reporter gene analysis also demonstrated that transcriptional activation of the GM3 synthase gene was regulated by Sp1 (specificity protein 1) in HLE B-3 cells upon TGF-β1 stimulation. Interestingly, the inhibition of ganglioside GM3 expression by d-PDMP [d-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol] and GM3 synthase shRNA (short hairpin RNA) resulted significantly in the suppression of cell migration and EMT-related signalling in HLE B-3 cells stimulated by TGF-β. Furthermore, exogenous treatment of ganglioside GM3 rescued the expression of EMT molecules and cell migration suppressed by the depletion of ganglioside GM3 in TGF-β1-induced HLE B-3 cells. We also found that ganglioside GM3 interacted with TGFβRs (TGF-β receptors) in TGF-β1-induced HLE B-3 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that ganglioside GM3 induced by TGF-β1 regulates EMT by potential interaction with TGFβRs.
Thermal radiation from Au nanoparticles deposited on patterned Pt microstructures
Authors: Vasile Gabriel , Arikan Mustafa , Ingvarsson Snorri 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We have investigated the thermal radiation in the infrared regime from resistively heated microfabricated platinum (Pt) wires (heaters), patterned with gold nanoparticles (NPs). The purpose of this work is to enhance the emissivity of the Pt heaters by modifying their surface properties. Gold particles with diameters of 50 nm and 100 nm, respectively, were deposited on the surface of the heaters. Polarization resolved thermal radiation was measured at different temperatures. Measurements show that the intensity of the thermal radiation increases by a factor of 2–3 for heaters with NPs deposited compared with heaters without NPs deposited.
Biomechanics of Posterior Dynamic Fusion Systems in the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Yu Alexander K. , Siegfried Catherine M. , Chew Brandon , Hobbs Joseph , Sabersky Abraham , Jho Diana J. , Cook Daniel J. , Bellotte Jonathan Brad , Whiting Donald M. , Cheng Boyle C. 
Published: October 2012

Study Design:
A comparative biomechanical human cadaveric spine study of a dynamic fusion rod and a traditional titanium rod.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the biomechanical metrics associated with a dynamic fusion device, Isobar TTL Evolution, and a rigid rod.

Summary of Background Data:
Dynamic fusion rods may enhance arthrodesis compared with a rigid rod. Wolff’s law implies that bone remodeling and growth may be enhanced through anterior column loading (AL). This is important for dynamic fusion rods because their purpose is to increase AL.

Methods:
Six fresh-frozen lumbar cadaveric specimens were used. Each untreated specimen (Intact) underwent biomechanical testing. Next, each specimen had a unilateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion performed at L3–L4 using a cage with an integrated load cell. Pedicle screws were also placed at this time. Subsequently, the Isobar was implanted and tested, and finally, a rigid rod replaced the Isobar in the same pedicle screw arrangement.

Results:
In terms of range of motion, the Isobar performed comparably to the rigid rod and there was no statistical difference found between Isobar and rigid rod. There was a significant difference between the intact and rigid rod and also between intact and Isobar conditions in flexion extension. For interpedicular displacement, there was a significant increase in flexion extension (P=0.017) for the Isobar compared with the rigid rod. Isobar showed increased AL under axial compression compared with the rigid rod (P=0.024).

Conclusions:
Isobar provided comparable stabilization to a rigid rod when using range of motion as the metric, however, AL was increased because of the greater interpedicular displacement of dynamic rod compared with a rigid rod. By increasing interpedicular displacement and AL, it potentially brings clinical benefit to procedures relying on arthrodesis.
PreliminaryTurkish study of psychiatric in‐patients’ competence to make treatment decisions
Authors: Aydin Er Rahime , Sehiralti Mine , Aker Ahmet Tamer 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionCompetence is a prerequisite for informed consent. Patients who are found to be competent are entitled to accept or refuse the proposed treatment. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in studies examining competence for treatment in psychiatric patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the decision‐making competencies of inpatients with a range of psychiatric diseases.MethodsThis study was carried out at the psychiatry clinic ofKocaeliUniversityHospital inTurkey fromJune 2007 toFebruary 2008. Decision‐making competence was assessed in 83 patients using theMacArthur CompetenceAssessmentTool‐Treatment (MacCAT‐T).ResultsThe study groups consisted of patients with mood (39.8%), psychotic (27.7%) and anxiety disorders (18.1%), and alcohol/substance addiction (14.5%). There was a significant relation between decision‐making competence and demographic and clinical characteristics. Appreciation of the given information was more impaired in psychotic disorder patients than in other patients, but understanding and reasoning of the given information was similar in all groups.DiscussionThese results reveal the importance of evaluating decision‐making competencies of psychiatric patients before any treatment or intervention is carried out to ascertain their ability to give informed consent to treatment. Institutional and national policies need to be determined and put into practice relating to the assessment and management of competence in patients with psychiatric disorders.