bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reported fried food consumption and the incidence of hypertension in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) project
Authors: Sayon-Orea Carmen , Bes-Rastrollo Maira , Gea Alfredo , Zazpe Itziar , Basterra-Gortari Francisco J. , Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel A. 
Published: July 2014

Reported associations between the consumption of fried foods and the incidence of obesity or weight gain make it likely that fried food consumption might also be associated with the development of hypertension. However, evidence from long-term prospective studies is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to longitudinally evaluate this association in a prospective cohort. The SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) project is a Mediterranean cohort study of university graduates conducted in Spain, which started in December 1999 and is still ongoing. In the present study, we included 13 679 participants (5059 men and 8620 women), free of hypertension at baseline with a mean age of 36·5 (sd 10·8) years. Total fried food consumption was estimated at baseline. The outcome was the incidence of a medical diagnosis of self-reported hypertension during the follow-up period. To assess the association between the consumption of fried foods and the subsequent risk of developing incident hypertension during the follow-up period, Cox regression models were used. During a median follow-up period of 6·3 years, 1232 incident cases of hypertension were identified. After adjusting for potential confounders, the adjusted hazard ratios for developing hypertension were 1·18 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·36) and 1·21 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·41) for those consuming fried foods 2–4 and >4 times/week, respectively, compared with those consuming fried foods < 2 times/week (P for trend = 0·009). In conclusion, frequent consumption of fried foods at baseline was found to be associated with a higher risk of hypertension during the follow-up period in a Mediterranean cohort of university graduates.
Olistostromes of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Northern Carpathians
Authors: GOLONKA JAN , KROBICKI MICHAŁ , WAŚKOWSKA ANNA , CIESZKOWSKI MAREK , ŚLĄCZKA ANDRZEJ 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe olistostromes form two belts within the Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB) in the Northern Carpathians. They mark an early stage of the development of the accretionary prism. The first belt was formed during Late Cretaceous time as a result of subduction of the southern part of the Alpine Tethys. The fore-arc basin originated along this subduction zone, with synorogenic flysch deposits. Huge olistoliths deposited within the Cretaceous–Palaeogene flysch of the Złatne Basin, presently located in the vicinity of the Haligovce village (eastern Slovakia), provide a good example of the fore-arc olistostrome setting. The second belt is related to the movement of the accretionary prism, which overrode the Czorsztyn Ridge during Late Cretaceous–Paleocene time. The destruction of this ridge led to the formation of submarine slumps and olistoliths along the southern margin of the Magura Basin. The Upper Cretaceous – Paleocene flysch sequences of the Magura Basin constitute the matrix of olistostromes. The large Homole block in the Jaworki village represents the best example of the Magura Basin olistolith. Numerous examples of olistoliths were documented in western Slovakia, Poland, eastern Slovakia and Ukraine. The olistostromes formed within the Złatne and Magura basins orginated during the tectonic process, forming the olistostrome belts along the strike of the PKB structure.
Borings in gneiss boulders in the Miocene (Upper Tortonian) of the Sorbas Basin, SE Spain
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-TOVAR FRANCISCO J. , UCHMAN ALFRED , PUGA-BERNABÉU ÁNGEL 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMarine invertebrate borings are very rare in crystalline rocks, providing evidence of particular strategies producers use to colonise these unfavourable substrates. In the Sorbas Basin (Almería, southern Spain), Upper Miocene transgressive successions contain blocks of metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Nevado–Filabride Complex of the Betic Cordillera. Ichnological analysis of the embedded blocks shows the presence of two types of macroborings located in gneiss boulders, revealed to be an extraordinary case worldwide. The most abundant are regular hemispherical depressions ascribed reservedly to the well-known, mostly bivalve boringGastrochaenolites. The second one is a pouch-like depression, tapering downward, elliptical in outline, and clearly different to other non-circular-in-outline, pouch-shaped macroborings. Thus, a new ichnogenus and ichnospeciesCuenulites sorbasensishas been defined. According to the overall shape, an endolithic or semi-endolithic bivalve using chemical means to bore is suggested as the tracemaker. Colonisation could be determined by sea-level coastal dynamics, with decreasing energy during advancing transgression allowing boring, which was then stopped due to supply of fine-grained sediment that killed the borers.
Lockean Humility
Authors: Kim Han-Kyul 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt has often been claimed that Locke's agnostic remarks in the Essay represent his suspension of philosophical judgment on crucial ontological issues or his hesitation over which metaphysical stance to adopt. Against this often-raised criticism, I argue that Locke actually held a clear position – a type of functionalism about thingness in general, whether macro or micro, or whether mental or physical. What Locke refers to as a ‘nominal essence’, I further argue, represents a set of functional roles that a thing plays in order to be classified as of a kind to which it belongs. Our empirical knowledge about things – confined to their nominal essences – can only tell us about their functional roles but not their intrinsic properties that realize those roles. One remains therefore incurably ignorant about the intrinsic property of things in themselves. I explore the historical and philosophical significance of Locke's functional approach.
Seneca's Scientific Fictions: Models as Fictions in theNatural Questions
Authors: Roby Courtney Ann 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSeneca'sNaturales Quaestionesexplains the causes and functional mechanisms of natural phenomena, from common sights like rainbows to exotically out-of-reach ones like comets. The vividness with which he brings them all within the reader's grasp is certainly a literary feat as much as a scientific one, but the rhetorical power of his explanations does not cost them their epistemological validity. Analyses drawn from current philosophy of science reveal elements of fictionality omnipresent in scientific models and experiments, suggesting an approach to Seneca's ‘scientific fictions’ not as failed analogies but as a sophisticated expansion of the tradition of analogical scientific explanation.
A CRITIQUE OF POSTRACIALISM
Authors: Gines Kathryn T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article offers a critique of the very claim that we live in postracial times, and examines the residue of old systems of racism intermeshed with new forms of racism that perpetuate systematic institutional racism. I argue that to combat institutional racism we need post-racismrather than postracialism. Additionally, I reject the Black-white Binary as the singular or even primary paradigm for understanding racism in order to challenge narrow conceptualizations of racism. Finally, I argue for a more nuanced and complex analysis of Blackness.
RACE, JUSTICE, AND DESEGREGATION1
Authors: Darby Derrick , Saatcioglu Argun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this essay we argue that the ideology of colorblind justice has made resisting the retreat from public school desegregation a hard sell in postracial America. We do not believe that desegregation is the silver bullet for solving all the problems with public education. Nor do we believe that it alone can close the racial achievement gap. Yet there is convincing evidence regarding the potential benefits of desegregation and evidence on its negative consequences is weak. Therefore we believe that it is a policy still worth pursuing. Our hope is that by casting light on the anatomy of colorblind justice and its limits we can contribute to ongoing efforts to ensure that desegregation remains in the conversation about how to address the unfinished business of racial justice.
Dwarf Galaxies with Optical Signatures of Accreting Massive Black Holes
Authors: Reines Amy , Greene J. , Geha M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSupermassive black holes (BHs) live at the heart of essentially all massive galaxies with bulges, power AGN, and are thought to be important agents in the evolution of their hosts. Observations of high-redshift quasars demonstrate that supermassive BHs must start out with masses considerably in excess of normal stellar-mass BHs. However, we do not know how the initial “seed” BHs formed in the early Universe, how massive they were originally, or what types of galaxies they formed in. While direct observations of distant seed BHs and their hosts in the infant Universe are unobtainable with current capabilities, models of BH growth in a cosmological context indicate that present-day dwarf galaxies can place valuable constraints on seed masses and distinguish between various seed formation mechanisms at early times. Using optical spectroscopy from the SDSS, we have systematically assembled the largest sample of dwarf galaxies hosting AGN to date. These dwarf galaxies have stellar masses comparable to the Magellanic Clouds and contain some of the least-massive supermassive BHs known. I will present results from this study and discuss our ongoing efforts to find additional examples of AGN in dwarfs and help constrain theories for the formation of the first seed BHs at high redshift.
Study of FHILs in low luminosity AGNs in the optical spectra
Authors: Vera Rafael J. C. , Rodríguez Ana M. , Portilla J. Gregorio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis work presents the main results from a selection of optical spectra of Seyfert and LINER galaxies taken from the 9th release of the SDSS with detectable coronal emission. A catalogue of 345 Seyfert 1 (Sy1) and Seyfert 2 (Sy2) galaxies with Forbidden High Ionization Lines (FHILs) emission is presented. By analysing their spectra as well as utilising data from the literature we found evidence of anisotropy in optical FHIL emissions between Sy1 and Sy2 galaxies for the following lines: [Ne v] λ3426, [Fe vii] λ6087, [Fe x] λ6374 and [Fe xi] λ7892. Results continue indicating that optical FHILs are not observed in LINER type galaxies.
Obscured quasars at high redshift in the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey
Authors: Botti Ismael , Almaini Omar , Hartley Will , Mortlock Alice , Lira Paulina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObscured quasars hidden in deep X-ray surveys can be recovered by looking at mid-infrared wavelengths, where dust re-radiates the absorbed radiation. Here we present a sample of obscured quasars in the redshift range 1 < z < 4 based on data from the UKIDSS Ultra-Deep Survey (UDS), the deepest near-IR survey over ~ 1 sq. deg. to date. Candidates that are primarily selected by their 24 μm emission are probed by decomposing their spectral energy distribution (SED) to disentangle the emission from the AGN and its host galaxy. We show preliminary results on their host galaxy properties as well as their clustering, showing that obscured quasars are found in galaxies located in the green valley, residing in dark matter haloes not different from normal galaxies at those redshifts.
Study of some morphological features of extragalactic radio sources of FRI and FRII types
Authors: Andreasyan Ruben , Hovhannisyan M. , Paronyan G. , Abrahamyan H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt was used the date of more than 650 extragalactic radio sources for the study of distribution of spectral indexes and elongation for the radio sources of different Fanaroff Riley (FR) classes. It was shown, that no large differences are observed in the distribution of spectral indexes in radio sources FRI and FRII classes. From the study of distribution of the elongation of extragalactic radio sources it was found the following basic morphological differences for the objects of different FR classes: a) the radio images of extragalactic radio sources FRII type in the average are more elongated than the radio images of extragalactic radio sources FRI type: b) the extragalactic radio sources FRI type can be divided on two subtypes with two function of distribution of the elongation parameter K having different maximums. These two subtypes of radio sources of FRI class, in besides of different average elongation of radio images, probably must have also differences in the orientations of these elongation directions relative to the direction of rotation axes of parent optical galaxies that in most cases are coincide with the minor optical axes of galaxies.
Probing the evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei using the narrow iron Kα line
Authors: Ricci Claudio , Paltani S. , Ueda Y. , Awaki H. , Petrucci P. , Ichikawa K. , Brightman M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA large fraction of the AGN output power is emitted in the X-rays, in a region very close to the supermassive black hole (SMBH). The most distinctive feature of the X-ray spectra of AGN is the iron Kα line, often observed as the superposition of a broad and a narrow component. While the broad component is found in only ~ 35–45% of bright nearby AGN, the narrow component has been found to be ubiquitous. The narrow Fe Kα line is thought to be produced in the circumnuclear material, likely in the molecular torus. Given its origin, this feature is possibly the most important tracer of neutral matter surrounding the SMBH. One of the most interesting characteristics of the narrow Fe Kα line is the decrease of its equivalent width with the continuum luminosity, the so-called X-ray Baldwin effect (Iwasawa & Taniguchi 1993). This trend has been found by many studies of large samples of type-I AGN, and very recently also in type-II AGN (Ricci et al. 2013c, submitted to ApJ). The slope of the X-ray Baldwin effect in type-II AGN is the same of their unobscured counterparts, which implies that the mechanism at work is the same. Several hypothesis have been put forward in the last decade to explain the X-ray Baldwin effect: i) a luminosity-dependent variation in the ionisation state of the iron-emitting material (Nandra et al. 1997); ii) the decrease of the number of continuum photons in the iron line region with the Eddington ratio, as an effect of the well known correlation between the photon index and the Eddington ratio (Ricci et al. 2013b, submitted to MNRAS); iii) the decrease of the covering factor of the torus with the luminosity (e.g., Page et al. 2004, Ricci et al. 2013a A&A 553, 29) as expected by luminosity-dependent unification models (e.g., Ueda et al. 2003). In my talk I will review the main characteristics of the narrow Fe K? line, and present the results of our recent works aimed at explaining the X-ray Baldwin effect using iron-line emitting physical torus models (Ricci et al. 2013a, b), and at understanding the origin of the Fe K? line (Ricci et al. 2013c). I will focus in particular on the importance of the Fe Kα line as a probe of the evolution of the physical characteristics of the molecular torus with the luminosity.
The XMM-Newton spectral-fit database
Authors: Corral A. , Georgantopoulos I. , Rosen S. , Watson M. G. , Page K. , Stewart G. C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe XMM-Newton spectral-fit database is an ongoing ESA funded project aimed to construct a catalogue of spectral-fitting results for all the sources within the XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue for which spectral data products have been pipeline-extracted (≳ 120,000 X-ray source detections). The fundamental goal of this project is to provide the astronomical community with a tool to construct large and representative samples of X-ray sources by allowing source selection according to spectral properties.
Radio and Gamma-ray emission in nearby BL Lacs
Authors: Giovannini G. , Liuzzo E. , Boccardi B. , Giroletti M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe advent of Fermi is changing our understanding on the radio and γ-ray emission in active galactic nuclei. Unlike pre-Fermi ideas, BL Lac objects are found to be the most abundant emitters in the γ-ray band. However, since they are relatively weak radio sources, most of their parsec-scale structure and their multifrequency properties are poorly understood and/or have not been investigated in a systematic fashion. Here we are analyzing the radio and γ-ray emission properties of a sample of 42 BL Lacs selected with no constraint on their radio and γ-ray emission. Thanks to new Very Long Baseline Array observations at 8 and 15 GHz for the whole sample, we discuss their parsec-scale structure. Parsec-scale radio emission is observed in the majority of the sources at both frequencies. The comparison between our results in radio and gamma-ray bands points out the presence of a large number of faint BL Lacs showing “non-classical” properties such as low source compactness, low core dominance, no gamma-ray emission.
Knowledge Discovery workflows for the classification of AGNs in multiwavelength spaces: the Blazars case
Authors: D'Abrusco Raffaele , Massaro F. , Paggi A. , Fabbiano G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe development of new AGNs selection techniques based on the massive multi-wavelength datasets that are becoming more and more frequent in astronomy is a crucial task to gather statistically significant samples and shed light on the physical nature of this diverse class of extragalactic sources. Novel characterizations of specific classes of sources from unexplored region of their spectrum and unusual combinations of the observational parameters can translate into new classification criteria. In this innovative data environment, the whole process ranging from the discovery of new patterns to the application of such patters to the selection of new AGNs, has to be tackled using a Knowledge Discovery (KD) workflow. A KD workflows is a combination of different KD methods that automatically extract the more interesting patters from data, reduce the complexity of the dataset and provide astronomers with the simplest possible amount of information to be interpreted. In this talk, I will describe an original KD workflow which, in one of its first applications, has led to the discovery of a previously unknown peculiar pattern followed by blazars in the mid-Infrared color space (the blazars WISE locus), and the development of a new classification criterion based on this pattern and useful to tackle different problems. The comprehensive KD workflow used to derive these results encompasses unsupervised methods for the exploration of the multi-dimensional observable spaces, and supervised method for the training and optimization of classifiers based on the patterns determined in the observable spaces. In particular, I will describe the new methods for the association of unidentified gamma-ray sources and the extraction of candidate blazars from mid-Infrared photometric catalog based on the WISE blazars locus.
The central pc-scale region in blazars: insights from multi-band observations
Authors: Arshakian Tigran G. , Chavushyan Vahram 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe empirical relations in the black hole-accretion disk-relativistic jet system and physical processes behind these relations are still poorly understood, partly because they operate close to the black hole within the central light year. Very long baseline array (VLBA) provides unparalleled resolution at 15 GHz with which to observe the jet components at sub-milliarcsecond scales, corresponding to sub-pc-scales for local blazars. We discuss the jet inner structure of blazars, location and radiation mechanisms operating in the innermost parsec-scale region of blazars, and evidence for jet-excited broad-line region (BLR) ouflowing downstream the jet. Outflowing BLR can provide necessary conditions for production of high energy emission along the jet between the base of the jet and the BLR and far beyond the BLR as evidenced by recent observations. Flat spectrum quasars and low synchrotron peaked sources are the most likely objects to host the outfllowing BLR. From the γ-ray absorption arguments, we propose that the jet-excited region of the outflowing BLR in quasars is small and/or gas filling factor is low, and that the orientation and opening angle of the outflowing BLR can lead to relevant γ-ray absorption features observed in quasars.
230 years of AGN monitoring: Frequency of cloud occultation events in AGN & constraints for clumpy torus models
Authors: Krumpe Mirko , Markowitz A. , Nikutta R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe systematically search for discrete absorption events in the vast archive of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. This includes dozens of nearby type I and Compton-thin type II AGN and covers timescales from days to over a decade for individual objects. We are sensitive to discrete absorption events due to clouds of full-covering, neutral or mildly-ionized gas with columns 1022−25 cm−2 transiting the line of sight. We detect 13 eclipse events in 8 objects, roughly tripling the number of previously published events from this archive. Despite sensitivity to events with NH up to 1024−25 cm−2, we measured no Compton-thick eclipses in our sample. Peak column densities span 2.5–19 × 1022 cm−2. Event durations span hours to months. We infer the clouds distances from the black hole, assuming Keplerian motion, to span 0.2–80 × 104 Schwarzschild radii. We find no statistically significant difference between the individual cloud properties of type I and II objects. The presence of eclipses in both type Is and IIs argues against sharp-edged cloud distributions. The type II AGN show a level of “base-line” X-ray absorption that is consistent with being constant over timescales from 0.6 to 8.4 yr. This can either be explained by a homogeneous medium, or by X-ray-absorbing clouds that each have NH ≪ 1022 cm−2. Considering the “selection function” of the monitoring, we derive the probability of cloud occultation events. Finally, we derive the first X-ray statistical constraints for clumpy-torus models.
The kinematically decoupled core of MCG–6-30-15
Authors: Raimundo Sandra I. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Seyfert galaxy MCG–6-30-15 has recently been observed in the infrared using SINFONI on the VLT, reaching a very high spatial resolution of 0.1 arcsec. This allowed us for the first time to detect a stellar kinematically decoupled core in the inner r < 125 pc of the galaxy. Here we summarise the main theories for the formation of the decoupled core and the implications on the study of this galaxy.