bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Preterm Infants’ Night Sleep: and Online Community-Based Survey of Maternal Factors and Perceptions of Infants’ Nighttime Awakenings and Sleep Problems
Authors: Ali Reem , Hall Wendy , Warnock Fay , Wong Sabrina , Ratner Pam 
Published: September 2014

Background: Between one-quarter and one-third of infants aged six months to five years have sleeping problems. Infants' night sleep patterns, in particular problematic night waking with crying, are a common concern for parents. Many factors can influence the development of infants’ night sleep patterns and sleep problems, including parental interaction. Objectives: To examine the associations between premature infants’ nighttime awakening, mothers’ reports of sleep problem severity, and maternal factors, including mothers’ styles of attachment and behaviors used to settle their infants to sleep. Method: The cross sectional survey study used a web-based questionnaire to collect data from a community-based sample of 105 mothers of singleton premature infants aged 5-6 months (corrected age) across a number of English speaking countries. The main outcome measures were mothers’ perceptions of infants’ nighttime awakenings (frequency and duration) and presence of infant sleep problems. Results: Of the 55% of mothers who reported that their infants had sleep problems, 17% described the problem as serious. The majority of infants woke 2.1 times per night for an average of 45.7 minutes per night. Mothers’ style of attachment and personal history of sleep problems predicted the duration of the infants’ nighttime awakening, whereas maternal active physical comforting predicted the frequency of nighttime awakenings. Conclusions: The findings can guide healthcare providers to screen mothers for an anxious style of attachment, perceptions of infant sleep problems, and use of active physical comforting strategies for bedtime settling when assessing premature infants’ sleep problems. Keywords: Maternal Attachment, Nighttime Awakenings, Premature Infant, Settling Strategies, Sleep Problem
Legal Issues in the Use of Student Test Scores and Value-added Models (VAM) to Determine Educational Quality
Authors: Pullin Diana 
Published: September 2014

A growing number of states and local schools across the country have adopted educator evaluation and accountability programs based on the use of student test scores and value-added models (VAM). A wide array of potential legal issues could arise from the implementation of these programs. This article uses legal analysis and social science evidence to discuss potential legal challenges by educators to the use of VAM that should be considered by public policy makers. It also discusses potential ways VAM might be used as evidence in support of legal claims by students concerning access to educational opportunity.
Sampling and interpolation on some nilpotent Lie groups
Authors: Oussa Vignon 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Let N be a non-commutative, simply connected, connected, two-step nilpotent
Lie group with Lie algebra 𝔫 such that

𝔫
=
𝔞
⊕
𝔟
⊕
𝔷

${\mathfrak {n=a\oplus b\oplus z}}$

,

[
𝔞
,
𝔟
]
⊆
𝔷

${[ \mathfrak {a},\mathfrak {b}] \subseteq \mathfrak {z}}$

, the algebras

𝔞
,
𝔟
,
𝔷

${\mathfrak {a},\mathfrak {b,z}}$

are abelian,

𝔞
=
ℝ
-
span
{

X
1

,

X
2

,
...
,

X
d

}

${\mathfrak {a}=\mathbb {R}\mathrm {\hbox{-}span}\lbrace X_{1},X_{2},\ldots ,X_{d}\rbrace
}$

, and

𝔟
=
ℝ
-
span
{

Y
1

,

Y
2

,
...
,

Y
d

}

${\mathfrak {b}=\mathbb {R}\mathrm {\hbox{-}span}\lbrace Y_{1},Y_{2},\ldots ,Y_{d}\rbrace }$

. Also, we assume that

det

[

[

X
i

,

Y
j

]

]

1
≤
i
,
j
≤
d

${\det [ [ X_{i}
,Y_{j}] ] _{1\le i,j\le d}}$

is a non-vanishing homogeneous
polynomial in the unknowns

Z
1

,
...
,

Z

n
-
2
d

${Z_{1},\ldots ,Z_{n-2d}}$

where

{

Z
1

,
...
,

Z

n
-
2
d

}

${\lbrace
Z_{1},\ldots ,Z_{n-2d}\rbrace }$

is a basis for the center of the Lie algebra.
Using well-known facts from time-frequency analysis, we provide some precise
sufficient conditions for the existence of sampling spaces with the
interpolation property, with respect to some discrete subset of N. The
result obtained in this work can be seen as a direct application of
time-frequency analysis to the theory of nilpotent Lie groups. Several
explicit examples are computed. This work is a generalization of recent
results obtained for the Heisenberg group by Currey and Mayeli in
[Rocky Mountain J. Math. 42 (2012), no. 4, 1135–1151].
Role of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in non-small cell lung cancer: in vitro effect of shRNA-mediated gene silencing on tumourigenicity
Authors: Sartini Davide , Seta Riccardo , Pozzi Valentina , Morganti Stefano , Rubini Corrado , Zizzi Antonio , Tomasetti Marco , Santarelli Lory , Emanuelli Monica 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed neoplasm, and represents the leading cause of tumour death worldwide. As patients are often diagnosed at a late stage, current therapeutic strategies have limited effectiveness and the prognosis remains poor. Successful treatment depends on early diagnosis and knowledge concerning molecular mechanisms underlying lung carcinogenesis. In the present study, we focused on nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), which is overexpressed in several malignancies. First, we analysed NNMT expression in a cohort of 36 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, we examined NNMT expression levels in the human lung cancer cell line A549 by Real-Time PCR, Western blot and catalytic activity assay, and evaluated the effect of NNMT knockdown on cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth by MTT and soft agar colony formation assays, respectively. NSCLC displayed higher NNMT expression levels compared to both tumour-adjacent and surrounding tissue. Moreover, shRNA-mediated gene silencing of NNMT led to a significant inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation ability on soft agar. Our results show that the downregulation of NNMT significantly reduced in vitro tumorigenicity of A549 cells and suggest that NNMT could represent an interesting molecular target for lung cancer therapy.
Prognostic factors in pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer patients with pulmonary metastases
Authors: Bal Chandra Sekhar , Garg Aayushi , Chopra Saurav , Ballal Sanjana , Soundararajan Ramya 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study was aimed at identifying the prognostic factors predicting remission in pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients presenting with pulmonary metastases. Little is known about the prognostic factors in reference to pediatric DTC patients presenting with pulmonary metastases.Fifty-three DTC patients aged ≤21 years were diagnosed with pulmonary metastases at initial presentation. The demographic and disease characteristics were compared between the patients who achieved remission and those who did not.During the median follow-up of 72 months, 38 patients became disease free, 14 patients had biochemically and/or structurally persistent disease, and one patient died due to disease progression. Patient age >15 years, presence of macronodular pulmonary metastases, and surgical methods lesser than total/near-total thyroidectomy were identified as factors associated with reduced odds of remission.This study describes the disease course and depicts the disease related prognostic factors in pediatric DTC patients with pulmonary metastases.
Conformational studies of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxoethyl benzoates
Authors: Kumar Chandraju Sadolalu Chidan , Chia Tze Shyang , Ooi Chin Wei , Quah Ching Kheng , Kumar Chandraju Sadolalu Chidan , Chandraju Siddegowda , Fun Hoong-Kun 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Phenacyl benzoates possess commercial importance due to their various applications in the fields of synthetic and photochemistry, such as photosensitive blocking groups owing to their ease of cleavage under mild conditions. In the present study, a series of ten new 2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxoethyl benzoates 2(a–j), with the general formula Br(C6H4)COCH2OCO(C6H5–n

X

n
), X = Cl, NO2 or NH2, and n = 1 or 2, have been synthesized by reacting 4-bromophenacyl bromide with various substituted benzoic acids using potassium carbonate in DMF medium at room temperature. These reactions proceeded with ease under mild conditions producing high purity products in good yield. Each product was characterized by mass spectra, elemental analysis and melting points, its 3D structure was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The X-ray 3D structures showed the flexibility of the C(=O)–O–C–C(=O) connecting bridge in which 7 out of 10 compounds tend to form a torsion angle in the range of 70 to 91°, whereas the rest are slightly twisted with a torsion angles of –160, 163, 176 and 178°. Their molecular conformations are in good agreement with another 22 related structures. These synthesized compounds were screened for their abilities for DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power. The results indicate that these compounds displayed mild anti-oxidant ability when compared to the standard anti-oxidant BHT.
High-Resolution Specificity from DNA Sequencing Highlights Alternative Modes of Lac Repressor Binding
Authors: Zuo Zheng , Stormo Gary D 
Published: September 2014

AbstractKnowing the specificity of transcription factors is critical to understanding regulatory networks in cells. The lac repressor–operator system has been studied for many years, but not with high-throughput methods capable of determining specificity comprehensively. Details of its binding interaction and its selection of an asymmetric binding site have been controversial. We employed a new method to accurately determine relative binding affinities to thousands of sequences simultaneously, requiring only sequencing of bound and unbound fractions. An analysis of 2560 different DNA sequence variants, including both base changes and variations in operator length, provides a detailed view of lac repressor sequence specificity. We find that the protein can bind with nearly equal affinities to operators of three different lengths, but the sequence preference changes depending on the length, demonstrating alternative modes of interaction between the protein and DNA. The wild-type operator has an odd length, causing the two monomers to bind in alternative modes, making the asymmetric operator the preferred binding site. We tested two other members of the LacI/GalR protein family and find that neither can bind with high affinity to sites with alternative lengths or shows evidence of alternative binding modes. A further comparison with known and predicted motifs suggests that the lac repressor may be unique in this ability and that this may contribute to its selection.
Cancer Incidence Rates and Trends Among Children and Adolescents in the United States, 2001–2009
Authors: Siegel David A. , King Jessica , Tai Eric , Buchanan Natasha , Ajani Umed A. , Li Jun 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVES:
Cancer continues to be the leading disease-related cause of death among children and adolescents in the United States. More current information is needed to describe recent cancer trends and identify demographic and geographic variations.

METHODS:
We analyzed data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results statewide registries representing 94.2% of the US population to identify cancers diagnosed among persons aged 0 to 19 years during 2001–2009. Age-adjusted rates and annual percentage change for trends were calculated. Data were stratified by age, gender, race, ethnicity, and geography.

RESULTS:
We identified 120 137 childhood and adolescent cancer cases during 2001–2009 with an age-adjusted incidence rate of 171.01 per million. The overall rate of all cancers combined remained stable over time (annual percent change [APC], 0.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.1 to 0.7). There was an increase in the overall cancer trend among African American children and adolescents (APC, 1.3%; 95% CI, 0.2 to 2.5). An increasing trend for thyroid cancer was observed among both genders (APC, 4.9%; 95% CI, 3.2 to 6.6) and specifically among adolescents and those in the Northeast, South, and West regions of the United States. Renal carcinoma incidence was increasing significantly overall (APC, 5.4%; 95% CI, 2.8 to 8.1). Extracranial and extragonadal germ cell tumors and melanoma were both significantly decreasing.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study reports the novel finding that renal carcinoma rates are increasing among children and adolescents. This study confirms that thyroid cancer rates are increasing and further describes rising cancer rates among African Americans.
Bullying and Parasomnias: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Wolke Dieter , Lereya Suzet Tanya 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Environmental factors such as serious trauma or abuse and related stress can lead to nightmares or night terrors. Being bullied can be very distressing for children, and victims display long-term social, psychological, and health consequences. Unknown is whether being bullied by peers may increase the risk for experiencing parasomnias such as nightmares, night terrors, or sleepwalking.

METHODS:
A total of 6796 children of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort were interviewed at elementary school age (8 and 10 years) about bullying experiences with a previously validated bullying interview and at secondary school age (12.9 years) about parasomnias such as nightmares, night terrors and sleepwalking by trained postgraduate psychologists.

RESULTS:
Even after adjusting for pre-existing factors related to bullying and parasomnias, being bullied predicted having nightmares (8 years odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.44; 10 years OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.35–1.94) or night terrors (8 years OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10–1.75; 10 years OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.18–1.98) at age 12 to 13 years. Especially being a chronic victim was associated with both nightmares (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.46–2.27) and night terrors (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.48–2.74). Being a bully/victim also increased the risk for any parasomnia at ages 8 or 10 years (8 years OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08–1.88; 10 years OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.30–2.36). In contrast, bullies had no increased risk for any parasomnias.

CONCLUSIONS:
Being bullied increases the risk for having parasomnias. Hence, parents, teachers, school counselors, and clinicians may consider asking about bullying experiences if a child is having parasomnias.
Optimization of Annealing Conditions for ZnO-based Thin Films Grown Using MOCVD
Authors: Mazady Anas , Rivera Abdiel , Anwar Mehdi 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work, effects of thermal annealing on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films grown on p-Si and GaN substrates using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are investigated. Annealing at 600 °C results in optimum crystal and optical qualities of the ZnO thin films on both substrates. Smaller lattice mismatch between grown ZnO epitaxial layer on GaN substrates results in better film morphology as compared to p-Si substrates. Higher annealing temperature along with a slower thermal ramp provides better crystal quality of ZnO thin films on both substrates. Annealing ZnO thin films at 700 °C with a slower thermal ramp results in better crystal quality as is evident from a 56% reduction in the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the (002) peak compared to the as-grown films. The optical quality also enhances with a slower annealing rate. The determination of the optimum annealing conditions for different substrates has important implications in fabricating optimized and efficient ZnO based electronics.
One-Step Microwave-Assisted Aqueous Synthesis of Silver-Based Nanoparticles Functionalized by Glutathione
Authors: Blas Myrna Reyes , Ramírez-Hernandez Maricely , Rentas Danielle , Perales-Perez Oscar , Román Felix R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe use of nano-sized silver and its alloys represents an interesting alternative to common food preservation methods, which are based on radiation, heat treatment and low temperature storage. These metal nanoparticles, embedded within a polymeric matrix for instance, would extend the shelf life of perishable foods while acting as a bactericidal agent to prevent food-borne illnesses. Common methods used in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles require toxic solvents and reagents that could be harmful to health and the food itself. In addition, several steps are required to obtain aqueous stable, i.e. dispersible, silver nanoparticles. In this work we propose the microwave-assisted aqueous synthesis of silver-based nanoparticles, (Ag Based NP) functionalized by glutathione (GSH) in a single-step using sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), as reducing agent. Ag-Based nanoparticles were synthesized at pH 6 and 1:3:1 (AgNO3/GSH/ Na2SO3) molar ratio. UV-Vis measurement clearly showed the plasmon peak attributed to silver-based nanoparticles (374 nm). Highly monodispersed water stable Ag-based nanoparticles were observed and 3.897 ± 0.167 nm particle size was determined through Transmission Electron Microscopy. FT-IR measurements suggested the actual GSH-Ag based surface interaction through –SH and –COOH groups; the functionalization by GSH explained the high stability of the nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions. These Ag-GSH nanoparticles exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against E. Coli.
Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Ni-Ferrite and Co-Ferrite Redox Materials for Thermochemical Production of Solar Fuels
Authors: Bhosale Rahul R. , Alxneit Ivo , van den Broeke Leo L. P. , Kumar Anand , Jilani Mehak , Gharbia Shahd Samir , Folady Jamila , Dardor Dareen Zuhir 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this contribution, we report the synthesis and characterization of NixFe3-xO4 and CoxFe3-xO4 redox nanomaterials using sol-gel method. These materials will be used to produce solar fuels such as H2 or syngas from H2O and/or CO2 via solar thermochemical cycles (STCs). For the sol-gel synthesis of ferrites, the Ni, Co, Fe precursor salts were dissolved in ethanol and propylene oxide (PO) was added dropwise to the well mixed solution as a gelation agent to achieve gel formation. Freshly synthesized gels were aged, dried, and calcined by heating them to 600°C in air. The calcined powders were characterized by powder x-ray diffractometer (XRD), BET surface area, as well as scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Their suitability to be used in STCs for the production of solar fuels was assessed by performing several reduction/re-oxidation cycles using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA).
High Performance Solid Expandables for Deepwater
Authors: Bullock Mike , Ruzic Neven , Perez Marco , Fritsch Jerry 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
High pressure, high temperature (HPHT) wellbore designs are addressing deeper targets using more complex well paths. Solid expandable tubular (SET) systems have evolved to enable these wells to reach these deeper objectives with the planned wellbore diameter. Recent advancements in expandables have increased the mechanical ratings and maximum temperature of specific SET system sizes.
High-performance (HP) SET systems significantly increase pressure ratings in three sizes for a range of applications: 7-5/8 in. (for 9-3/8 in., 9-5/8 in., 9-7/8 in., and 10-1/8 in. base casings), 8-5/8 in. (for 10-3/4 in. base casing), and 11-3/4 in. (for 13-3/8 in., 13-5/8 in., and 14 in. base casings). Compared to standard SET systems, the collapse rating doubled for the 7-5/8-in. and 8 5/8-in. systems and tripled for the 11-3/4 in system. These HP systems increase the options available for designing HPHT wellbores. This paper will review GOM case histories for both drilling and repair applications.
A high-temperature SET system has also been developed to support drilling in deeper, higher temperature formations. Developed initially as a 7-5/8 in. SET system, it has a 450°F (230°C) rating that is 50°F (10°C) more than standard SET. The increase provides operators with a critical additional casing string deep in the wellbore.
These advances ensure that SET technology will play an increasingly prominent role in HPHT wellbore construction as operators optimize wellbore casing designs and reduce risk.
Electronic-Set Openhole Packer Installation in Campos Basin, Offshore Brazil: A Case History
Authors: Mendes G. D. , Fowler M. A. , Hensgens S. K. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Interest in hydrocarbon-bearing carbonates as well as emerging extended-reach horizontal well technology for sandstone reservoirs has caused the need for reliable zonal isolation to receive substantial attention. Solutions for isolating more permeable sections of the reservoir from those less prone to produce in an economically favorable flow rate in a horizontal well often employ swell packers, whose major drawback is a long inflation period. This paper presents the successful installation of thirteen remote set packers in an offshore well for a major IOC in Brazil.
Twelve of the packers were set in openhole and one was set near the 9 5/8-in casing shoe. The device encompasses a programmable electronically controlled setting mechanism that includes a pressure sensor, temperature sensor and a countdown clock. Utilization of the new technology enabled the operator to set the packers faster than swell packers, saving 2 days of rig time.
The completion design comprised setting the packers sequentially from heel to toe, only a few minutes apart, by holding pressure inside the string against the openhole wall. Using actual drilling data, the packers were programmed with the desired pressure and temperature parameters prior to running in the hole. Upon reaching the setting depth, the work string pressure was increased and monitored through the cement unit. In less than one and a half hours, all thirteen devices were successfully set and observed through real-time monitoring of the cement unit's pressure transducer.
The paper presents the device concept, describes the complete sequence of pre-job preparation and reveals the installation outcomes.
New Material for Wellbore Strengthening and Fluid Losses Mitigation in Deepwater Drilling Scenario
Authors: Teixeira G. T. , Lomba R. F. , Fontoura S. A. , Meléndez V. A. , Ribeiro E. C. , Francisco A. D. , Nascimento R. S. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Drilling in deepwater environments poses many challenges, due its narrow operational window. Very common problems at this scenario are low fracture strength and big losses of drilling fluid while drilling. In order to mitigate these problems, various resin systems such as epoxies, phenolics, and furans have been reported in the literature. However, hyperbranched epoxy resin is a new class of polymers that promises to be a good choice for application in narrow window drilling operations, due its particular properties. In fact, hyperbranched resins are attracting attention of scientific community because of their unique structure and properties, such as low solution and melt-viscosity, good reactivity and faster curing time compared to their linear counterparts. Barua et.al has synthetized a low viscosity hyperbranched epoxy resin from non-hazardous and environment friendly substrate, the glycerol. The hyperbranched epoxy resin was evaluated by use of several procedures at room temperature – e.g., compressive and viscosity tests. Also, equipment has been designed and built in order to evaluate wellbore strengthening properties of developed material under simulated downhole conditions. This paper presents results that illustrate the capacity of this new system to cure losses and improve mechanical properties of the formations.