bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Let Their Voices Be Seen: Exploring Mental Mapping as a Feminist Visual Methodology for the Study of Migrant Women
Authors: Jung Hyunjoo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article explores how mental mapping can be used as a critical methodology for feminist migration studies. In a case study of female marriage migrants who settle in rural areas in South Korea from other Asian countries, I attempt to develop mental mapping to supplement verbal interviews. Mental maps of hometowns and current neighborhoods drawn by my interviewees represent their geographical imaginations and complex identity negotiations that mirror the change in their social locations. In order to understand multilayered meanings embedded in the images and the way in which power relations existent between the researcher and the researched affect the map production, I suggest a critical reading of the maps. The article shows how a reflexive and intertextual reading makes a difference to the interpretation of the maps. It argues that the maps are not mere reflections of the women's cognition, but rather socially constructed texts through which their desires, emotions, feelings and internal contradictions are expressed and negotiated. My research suggests that mental mapping, if ethically performed and critically evaluated, has potential as a means to convey the unheard voices of the marginalized to diverse audiences.
Dynamic volumetric computed tomographic assessment of the young paediatric airway: Initial experience of rapid, non‐invasive, four‐dimensional technique
Authors: Tan Judith Zhi‐Yie , Crossett Marcus , Ditchfield Michael 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic volumetric CT in the assessment of the paediatric airway.MethodsEthics board approval was obtained for this retrospective review. Eight infants (median age 6 months, range 3 weeks to 1 year, 50% female) at a tertiary paediatric centre with complex clinical respiratory presentation underwent volumetric CT assessment of their airways. The entire lungs were examined over 1–2 respiratory cycles. In four patients, intravenous contrast was administered to assess for vascular airway compression. The patients were not intubated. CT findings were correlated with bronchography and bronchoscopy, where available.ResultsTwo patients had diffuse tracheobronchomalacia associated with chronic lung disease. One patient demonstrated focal severe cervical tracheomalacia. One patient had a double aortic arch causing fixed narrowing with superimposed malacia of the distal trachea. Four patients had normal airways; one with chronic lung disease, one demonstrating air trapping. CT findings were concordant with bronchography (one case) and bronchoscopy (four cases) in all but one (CT negative, bronchoscopy positive) but did not alter patient management.ConclusionThe assessment of the paediatric airway, and in particular for tracheobronchomalacia, is difficult. Assessment with bronchography, bronchoscopy, helical CT and MR have issues with reliability, intubation, intratracheal/bronchial contrast administration and ionising radiation. Volumetric CT assesses the entire central airway in children at much lower radiation dose compared with previous dynamic CT imaging. This non‐invasive, rapid assessment obviates the need for patient cooperation and enables evaluation of extratracheal intrathoracic structures. Volumetric CT enables four‐dimensional assessment for paediatric tracheobronchomalacia without intubation or patient cooperation and at low radiation dose.
Why is microcalcification missed on mammography?
Authors: Peters Gudrun , Jones Catherine M , Daniels Katie 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIntroductionDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is often only mammographically evident as microcalcification. Although the overall percentage of screening cases with histologically proven DCIS microcalcification is small, the clinical relevance of missing this finding is significant. The current guidelines in Australia for breast screening departments are for double reading of mammograms to reduce both perceptive and interpretative error.MethodsThis retrospective study identified patients from a state screening program with histologically proven DCIS whose mammograms showed microcalcification. The initial double reader results were documented according to the 5‐point grading scale of BreastScreen Tasmania, and discrepancies between readers were noted. Mammographic factors such as breast density, lesion location, morphology, distribution, size and presence on previous imaging were assessed for significant influence on inter‐reader discrepancy. Histological evidence of invasion and grade of malignancy were also analysed.ResultsOf 65 identified cases, 29 (45%) showed that one of the two readers had not flagged the microcalcification on the report. Analyses revealed no significant difference in reader discrepancy with any of the analysed factors including breast density, size of microcalcification or presence on previous imaging. Twenty‐five of 29 (86%) cases of discrepancy were perceptive.ConclusionBreast screening reading for microcalcification is poorly correlated to mammographic or histological features. The majority of errors were perceptive rather than interpretative. Double reading is advocated as standard practice to reduce perceptive error.
Evidence‐based guideline for the written radiology report: Methods, recommendations and implementation challenges
Authors: Goergen Stacy K , Pool Felicity J , Turner Tari J , Grimm Jane E , Appleyard Mark N , Crock Carmel , Fahey Michael C , Fay Michael F , Ferris Nicholas J , Liew Susan M , Perry Richard D , Revell Ann , Russell Grant M , Wang Shih‐chang SC , Wriedt Christian 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe written radiology report is the dominant method by which radiologists communicate the results of diagnostic and interventional imaging procedures. It has an important impact on decisions about further investigation and management. Its form and content can be influential in reducing harm to patients and mitigating risk for practitioners but varies markedly with little standardisation in practice. Until now, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists has not had a guideline for the written report. International guidelines on this subject are not evidence based and lack description of development methods. The current guideline seeks to improve the quality of the written report by providing evidence‐based recommendations for good practice. The following attributes of the report are addressed by recommendations:

Content

Clinical information available to the radiologist at the time the report was created

Technical details of the procedure

Examination quality and limitations

Findings (both normal and abnormal)

Comparison with previous studies

Pathophysiological diagnosis

Differential diagnoses

Clinical correlation and/or answer to the clinical question

Recommendations, particularly for further imaging and other investigations

Conclusion/opinion/impression

Format

Length

Format

Language

Confidence and certainty

Clarity

Readability

Accuracy

Communication of discrepancies between an original verbal or written report and the final report

Proofreading/editing of own and trainee reports
Supplemental value of diffusion‐weighted whole‐body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) technique to whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging in detection of bone metastases from thyroid cancer
Authors: Sakurai Yusuke , Kawai Hisashi , Iwano Shingo , Ito Shinji , Ogawa Hiroshi , Naganawa Shinji 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIntroductionWe compared the efficacy of whole‐body MRI (WBMRI) with and without diffusion‐weighted whole‐body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) using a 3.0‐T MR scanner to [18F] fluoro‐2‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography with CT (integrated FDG‐PET/CT) for the detection of bone metastases in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).MethodsWe examined 23 patients (16 women, 7 men; mean age, 56; range 17–74) with DTC who had undergone total thyroidectomy and were hospitalised to receive [I‐131I] therapy. All patients underwent both WBMRI with DWIBS and whole‐body FDG‐PET/CT. The skeletal system was classified into 13 anatomic segments and assessed for the presence of bone metastases. Bone metastases were verified when positive findings were indicated on at least two imaging modalities: post‐treated [131I] whole‐body scans, WBMRI without DWIBS (T1‐weighted images and short‐inversion time inversion recovery images), [18F]‐FDG‐PET and CT.ResultsBone metastases were confirmed in 78/290 (27%) segments in 20 (87%) of 23 patients. The sensitivities for bone metastases on a segment basis using WBMRI with DWIBS, WBMRI without DWIBS and integrated FDG‐PET/CT were 64 of 78 (82%), 50 of 78 (64%) and 62 of 78 (79%), respectively; the difference between values of WBMRI with and without DWIBS was statistically significant (P = 0.0015). The overall accuracies of WBMRI with DWIBS, WBMRI without DWIBS and integrated FDG‐PET/CT were 273 of 290 (94%), 261 of 290 (90%) and 272 of 290 (94%), respectively; the difference between values of MRI with and without DWIBS was also statistically significant (P = 0.003). There were only one to three false positive segments and the difference among specificities was not statistically significant in these modalities.ConclusionAdding DWIBS improved the sensitivity and the overall accuracy of WBMRI using 3.0‐T MRI for the detection of bone metastases in patients with DTC. There was no statistically significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between MRI with DWIBS and integrated FDG‐PET/CT.
Computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Boeddinghaus Rudolf , Whyte Andy 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWe present a pictorial review of the spectrum of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology diagnosed with CT. Although MRI is the modality of choice for most TMJ pathology, CT is useful when MRI is contraindicated or not accessible. With attention to technique and viewing conditions, CT is capable of showing internal disc derangement, arthritis, neoplasms and non‐TMJ regional pathology at a relatively low radiation dose.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult patients with severe acute respiratory failure
Authors: LINDSKOV C. , JENSEN R. H. , SPROGOE P. , KLAABORG K. E. , KIRKEGAARD H. , SEVERINSEN I. K , LORENTSEN A. G , FOLKERSEN L. , ILKJAER S. , PEDERSEN C. M. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundA group of patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is resistant to advanced respiratory therapy. In these patients, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used as a rescue therapy. This study presents 14 years of experience from a Scandinavian ECMO centre. The aim of the study is to present outcome results and to investigate whether or not simplified acute physiology score II (SAPS‐II), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and/or Murray scores can be used to predict patients' outcome.MethodsIn a prospective observational study, we collected data from ECMO patients from January 1997 to March 2011. The treatment was based mainly on venous‐venous ECMO and centrifugal pumps. Patients were retrieved from Denmark plus a number from Sweden and Norway. The inclusion criteria were the classical criteria until November 2009 (n = 100), after which the new Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation criteria (n = 24) were used.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐four patients were enrolled with median age 45 (range 16–67) years. The median Murray score was 3.7 (2.5–4.0). One hundred and six (85%) of the patients were retrieved from referring hospitals on ECMO. The median duration of the ECMO runs was 215 (1–578) h. Ninety‐seven (78%) of the patients could be weaned from ECMO. A total of 88 (71%) were discharged alive to the referring hospitals. High SAPS‐II, SOFA and Murray scores were associated with a high mortality.ConclusionPatients with severe ARDS have a favourable outcome when treated with ECMO and when an ECMO retrieval team establishes the ECMO treatment at the referring hospital. SAPS‐II, SOFA and Murray scores predicted the outcome.
Neurophysiological Correlates of Moderate Alcohol Consumption in Older and Younger Social Drinkers
Authors: Lewis Ben , Boissoneault Jeff , Gilbertson Rebecca , Prather Robert , Nixon Sara Jo 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundNearly 40% of adults aged 65 and older in the United States consume alcohol. Research in older adults has largely examined potential health effects of a moderate drinking lifestyle. Examination of acute effects in this population is generally lacking. To investigate alcohol‐induced alteration of electrophysiological correlates of attention in this population, we employed a covert attentional task. We hypothesized that moderate alcohol administration as well as older age would reduce P3 amplitude and increase latency. We anticipated an interaction such that, relative to their age‐matched controls, older adults receiving alcohol would be more affected than their younger counterparts.MethodsParticipants included healthy older (aged 50 to 67; n = 20; 9 men) and younger (aged 25 to 35; n = 12; 5 men) moderate drinkers. Participants received either a moderate dose of alcohol (breath alcohol concentration ∼50 mg/dl) or a placebo beverage. Following absorption, the task was administered and neurophysiological measures were obtained. P3 amplitude and latency were separately subjected to ANOVA across cue conditions using age and dose as independent variables.ResultsAs predicted, P3 amplitude in older adults was significantly lower than in younger adults across cue conditions. An age by alcohol interaction was detected, revealing that older adults receiving alcohol showed lower P3 amplitudes than any other group. An age effect for P3 latency was found, with older adults having longer latencies than their younger counterparts. A significant age by alcohol interaction for P3 latency was detected, revealing that older adults receiving alcohol displayed delayed P3 latencies relative to older adults receiving placebo. In contrast, younger adults receiving alcohol had reduced latency compared to those receiving placebo, although this effect did not reach significance.ConclusionsResults suggest that older adults demonstrated alcohol‐related shifts in P3 characteristics during an intentional attention task, whereas younger adults failed to demonstrate this pattern.
Multi‐scale habitat selection of Mus minutoides in the Lowveld of Swaziland
Authors: Long Andrea K. , Bailey Karen , Greene Daniel U. , Tye Courtney , Parr Courtnee , Lepage Heather K. , Gielow Kurt H. , Monadjem Ara , McCleery Robert A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe investigated habitat selection of Mus minutoides in northeastern Swaziland. We used powder tracking to determine how M. minutoides selected habitat at a fine scale and a broader path scale. At the fine scale, we measured per cent cover of grass and shrubs, the number of forbs and visual obstruction (VO) at five evenly spaced points along a mouse's pathway and at a paired random location. At the path scale, we calculated the relative displacement (RD) of each path as the ratio of the distance from the start to the end point of the path to the total length of the path (values near one indicate less preference). We found that M. minutoides were positively associated with increases in visual obstruction, grass cover, and shrub cover at the fine scale, but not at the path scale. Our results indicate that M. minutoides selection of vegetative features at the path scale is not as important as their fine‐scale selection of vegetative structure. In addition, the shrub encroachment on our study site may be directly beneficial to M. minutoides at the fine scale. Our results provide us with an increased understanding of the basic ecology of M. minutoides and information on their response to a changing landscape.
Uptake to HIV Post‐Exposure Prophylaxis in Haiti: Opportunities to Align Sexual Violence, HIV PEP and Mental Health
Authors: Marc Linda , Honoré Jean‐Guy , Néjuste Patrick , Setaruddin Monica , Lamothe Nika‐Nola , Thimothé Gabriel , Cornely Jean‐Ronald 
Published: December 2012

Sexual violence is a public health problem in Haiti, potentially augmenting HIV transmission. Reports from L'Hôpital de l'Université d'État d'Haiti (HUEH) suggest severe underutilization of antiretroviral post‐exposure prophylaxis (ARV‐PEP) among rape survivors. Cross‐sectional design using mixed methods. Informational interviews were conducted with HUEH personnel to learn about post‐rape service offerings. HUEH surveillance data were used to estimate the sexual assault reporting rate/100,000 and to examine the proportion of survivors receiving ARV‐PEP within 72 hr, stratified by age (<18 years, ≥18 years). Informational interviews revealed that survivors were navigated through two hospital algorithms to receive post‐rape care; however, <5% of victims sought mental health services. Surveillance data show that 2193 sexual assault survivors (adult and pediatric) reported a rape to HUEH personnel between 2004 through first quarter of 2010. Annual estimates suggest a twofold increase comparing cases in 2004 versus 2009. Between 2008 and 2009, uptake to ARV‐PEP within 72 hr was lower for pediatric (38.4%; N = 131/341) compared with adult survivors (60.1%; N = 83/138) (χ2 = 18.8, P < 0.001). The prioritization of funding and comprehensive interventions that align sexual violence, HIV, and mental health is crucial to support the timely uptake to ARV‐PEP.
The paediatric consequences of Assisted Reproductive Technologies, with special emphasis on multiple pregnancies
Authors: Barrington Keith J , Janvier Annie 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPaediatricians will encounter many babies and children who are the result of assisted reproductive technologies. Although in most cases, there are no adverse health consequences, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are associated with some risks that are reviewed in this article.ConclusionART has had a major impact on multiple gestation and the incidence of prematurity in many countries. Among singletons, there are also increases in prematurity, small for gestational age, congenital anomalies and perinatal mortality.
Effect of geomorphology and nitrogen deposition on rate of vegetation succession in inland drift sands
Authors: Sparrius Laurens B. , Kooijman Annemieke M. , Riksen Michel P.J.M. , Sevink Jan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractQuestions(1) At what rate does succession take place in active and more stabilized drift sands in regions with low and highNdeposition in theNetherlands? (2) What is the present composition of pioneer vegetation in active and more stabilized drift sands in regions with low and highNdeposition? (3) What efforts are necessary to conserve bare sand in drift sands?LocationEight inland dunes in theNetherlands, which represent four active and four more stabilized drift sands in regions with low and high N deposition.MethodsAerial photographs from 1950, 1981, 1995 and 2007 were used to compare rates of succession from bare sand towards forest. For each site, a detailed vegetation map was made in 2007.ResultsIn all studied sites, bare sand decreased, especially in regions with highNdeposition. This decline was significantly higher between 1981 and 2007 than between 1950 and 1981. The loss of bare sand did not lead to an increase of pioneer vegetation, which remained more or less stable; it led, however, to an increase of heath and forest. In active drift sands, pioneer vegetation was characterized byCorynephorus canescensandPolytrichum piliferum, while lichens, lichen‐rich grassland andCampylopus introflexuswere more common in stabilized drift sands. In regions with highNdeposition, the proportion ofCampylopus introflexusto older pioneer stages was significantly higher, and the contribution of forest to the ‘heath/forest’ vegetation class was also higher. The calculated life span of bare sand decreased in all sites. Extrapolation of the results suggests that in the absence of restoration measures, bare sand will vanish by 2035.ConclusionsIn both active and more stabilized drift sands, a generic loss of bare sand and an increase in forest area was found. The increase was higher in regions with highNdeposition. Conservation management should include the annual transformation of 43 ha of forest into bare sand in order to stop the loss of bare sand.
A morphological, morphometric and histochemical study of the oviduct in pregnant and non‐pregnant females of the plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus)
Authors: Flamini Mirta A. , Barbeito Claudio G. , Portiansky Enrique L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe oviduct is a very thin organ with a very tortuous appearance. It is divided into three segments: the infundibulum, the ampulla and the isthmus. Particularly, the oviduct of the viscacha lacks the intramural portion described in other species. The mucosa shows longitudinal pleats. The free edge of the infundibulum ends as small fimbriae that are of variable length and do not completely cover the ovary. The proportion of ciliated and secretory epithelial cells varied both in relation to the segments of the oviduct analysed and to the physiological state (anoestrus, follicular phase, early pregnancy and late pregnancy). The glycocalix and the apical region of the superficial epithelial cells arePASand alcian‐blue positive. The muscular layers vary in thickness in different regions. Some lectins such asUEA‐1 andDBAshowed variations in the binding pattern during the different physiological stages analysed whereasRCA‐1andWGAhad a very stable pattern.
Sexual dimorphism in histological characteristics and contractility of the iliofibularis muscle in the lizard Sceloporus torquatus
Authors: Quintana Erendira , Manjarrez Javier , Martínez‐Gómez Margarita , D'Alba Liliana , Rodríguez‐Antolín Jorge , Fajardo Victor 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe iliofibularis is a hindlimb muscle used in lizard locomotion that is composed of at least three types of fibres: fast‐twitch‐glycolytic (FG), fast‐twitch‐oxidative‐glycolytic fibre (FOG) and slow‐twitch‐oxidative (SO). The striated skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue undergoing phenotypic change in response to activity. The lizard Sceloporus torquatus has sexual differences associated with microhabitat use, which can be reflected in the physiology and anatomy of the muscle, and thus, in our study, we analysed the morphological and contractile characteristics of the iliofibularis muscle (IF) of S. torquatus males and females. We found a larger prevalence of FOG compared with FG and SO fibres in the muscle of both sexes. We also found that males show larger areas of the three types of fibres, develop greater strength but also faster fatigue than females, suggesting that strength is a key functional feature that enables males to perform faster movements (but for shorter periods), associated with the demands of territoriality.