bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Well Completion in the Kitan Oil Field
Authors: Yokote Ryosuke , Milne John , Sanasi Carla , Hosatte Pierre , Mukashev Nurtas , Chadha Nishant 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The first hydraulically operated completion was installed in Australia in 2004 (Guatelli et al 2004). Since then, a number of intelligent completions have been installed in offshore Australia. The remoteness of offshore Australia, particularly in the Timor Sea area, means intervention vessels are not readily available and well interventions are costly operations. For this reason, intelligent completion is considered to be an attractive alternative, by providing a down-hole solution to actively manage the reservoir production life and delay potential water breakthrough.
The Kitan oil field is remotely located in the Joint Petroleum Development Area (JPDA) between East Timor and Australia. The Kitan oil field production facilities consist of three vertical producing wells, subsea flowlines, risers, and one Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) facility. The wells were completed with an intelligent design and cleaned up using a rig before the FPSO arrived on location.
The intelligent completion design consists of two multi-stage hydraulic down-hole Flow Control Valves (FCVs) and three Down-Hole Gauges (DHGs) to independently control and monitor two different production zones. The FCVs have a total of 8 positions (fully opened, fully closed and 6 intermediate choke positions).
It is planned to close the lower FCV to shut off water production from the lower zone while the upper FCV remains fully opened over the field life. The different FCV choke positions were utilized during the field startup and during the early stages of production while the water cut was still low, to overcome unforeseen technical limitations in the production system, and to optimize hydrocarbon production.
This paper describes various aspects of the Kitan oil field intelligent well completion from design through installation and field startup to early stage of production operations, and includes technical problems encountered during the field startup as well as lessons learnt.
Reservoir Fluid Characterization for Tight Fractured Reservoirs: Effect of Diffusion
Authors: Imai Motonao , Sumikawa Isami , Yamada Tomomi , Nakano Masanori 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Molecular diffusion effect has been ignored in many conventional reservoir studies, but it can play a significant role in tight fractured reservoirs and is crucial for an appropriate reservoir evaluation. We have characterized diffusion coefficients of methane gas in hydrocarbon fluid samples by combining experiment and simulation.
We employ the theory of Fickian diffusive flux to evaluate molecular diffusion behavior. It is described as a product of concentration gradient, molar density and Fickian diffusion coefficient. Diffusion coefficients, although commonly estimated by existing correlations, shall be calibrated against actual molecular diffusion behavior for practical use. There have been few published papers showing Fickian multicomponent diffusion coefficients, because a simple and reliable measurement method has not been available. We hereby propose a method for computer-assisted multicomponent diffusion coefficient evaluation based on experiments proposed by Riazi that uses a PVT cell apparatus.
We measure molecular diffusion behavior in a PVT cell and evaluate diffusion coefficients using Leahy-Dios and Firoozabadi's model with the assumption of local equilibrium described by the Peng-Robinson EOS. Volume shift parameters, binary interaction coefficients, initial pressure, initial liquid volume and diffusion coefficients are optimized to fit measurements by a new global optimization algorithm named iterative Latin hypercube samplings.
Simulation case studies are performed to show the effect of molecular diffusion in tight fractured reservoirs. Results indicate that injected gas diffuses deeply into rock matrices when diffusive flux is properly represented. Consequently, better sweep efficiency is achieved compared to the cases without considering diffusion.
In this paper, we present a systematic method to evaluate diffusion coefficients of reservoir fluids using EOS. It will be useful for reservoir simulation of oil and gas recovery in tight fractured reservoirs.
Harmonic Vibration Disruption Improves Drilling Performance in Challenging Applications
Authors: Bouziane Chakib , Bates Paul , May Norman , Nicholl Denise , Burnett Timm , Minardi Andrea , Golin Mario , BenMohamed Mohamed Heidi , Bennati Simone , Angeletti Paolo 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The majority of wells drilled in Algeria are vertical with three hole sections 16, 12¼ and 8½ inches. The main challenge in these applications is the ability to manage the drilling system for optimal performance by drilling efficiently minimizing both drill string component and well bore damage. The highly interbedded and variable compressive strength of the formations make the system prone to severe vibrations.
Vibrations are generated down hole while drilling. There are three types of vibration modes and they follow in order of severity, axial, torsional, and lateral. Lateral vibration is the most destructive mode and can create large shocks down hole with the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) components impacting the wellbore wall. The design of the drilling system should maximize the transfer of all the energy put into the drilling system drilling the hole rather than vibration. The anti-vibration sub is a tool designed to benefit the drilling by mitigating lateral vibration as part of the required energy management for efficient drilling. This has been observed through downhole data as well as Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE) comparisons.
Unlike traditional stabilizers, the near bit anti-vibration stabilizer acts more like a stabilizer and a centralizer while not generating point loaded blade friction associated with traditional stabilizers. The system has been introduced successfully on rotary BHAs with all types of drill bits. The cost per meter has been reduced while improving borehole quality thus reducing associated non-productive time required when conditioning the hole prior to setting casing.
This paper presents the field data acquired which indicates the importance of choosing the correct type, dimensions, and placements of the anti-vibration stabilizer. This anti-vibration stabilizer has been successfully utilized in several applications and is currently standard equipment for most vertical wells with rotary BHAs in Algeria.
A Summary of Research on External Auditor Reliance on the Internal Audit Function
Authors: Bame-Aldred Charles W. , Brandon Duane M. , Messier William F. , Rittenberg Larry E. , Stefaniak Chad M. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARY
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) Auditing Standard No. 5 (AS5) allows external auditors (EAs) to rely on the internal audit function (IAF) when the internal audit activities meet certain criteria and the EAs would find efficiencies in relying on their work (PCAOB 2007). This paper reviews the extant literature on the EAs' reliance on IAF, identifies gaps in the literature, and proposes a series of research questions aimed at closing these gaps. We focus our review on research pertaining to how environmental factors and IAF-specific factors influence initial EAs' reliance decisions, the nature and extent of EAs' reliance on IAF, and the observable outcomes as a result of EAs' reliance decisions. Our review finds that the environment in which EAs must make a reliance decision is complex—involving several factors that must be considered simultaneously. Moreover, an evolving set of auditing standards introduces several necessary intermediary judgments that the EAs must process before, and during, reliance on the IAF. In addition, our review indicates that we continue to know very little about how, and to what extent, EAs are currently evaluating IAF's quality factors. Similarly, while we find that the nature and extent of EAs' reliance on IAF is influenced by account risk, inherent risk, and IAF sourcing, how the EAs choose task environments (e.g., revenue recognition versus payroll), and the types of tests to be relied upon within these task environments, is not completely understood. Finally, we find that there is a paucity of research concerning the effects of EAs' reliance on IAF in terms of external audit quality.
Labeled vs Actual Concentration of Bleaching Agents
Authors: Matis BA , Matis JI , Wang Y , Monteiro S , Al-Qunaian TA , Millard R 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to determine if the actual concentration of bleaching agents available in four different countries were the same as the label indicated and within the recommendations of the International Standard on Tooth Whitening. The method recommended for assaying peroxide by the United States Pharmacopeia was used to determine concentrations. All products in the United States and China were within the standard when products were tested immediately upon delivery at testing sites. One product in Saudi Arabia and three products in Brazil had greater than 30% concentration loss. Three of 24 products in the United States did not meet the International Standard when they were tested at month of expiration.
Comparison of Acid Versus Laser Etching on the Clinical Performance of a Fissure Sealant: 24-Month Results
Authors: Karaman E , Yazici AR , Baseren M , Gorucu J 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYObjectiveTo compare the clinical performance of a pit and fissure sealant placed with the use of different enamel preparation methods, i.e. acid or Er,Cr:YSGG laser etching, over 24 months.MethodsSixteen subjects (15 female, 1 male) with no restorations or sealant present on their fissures and no detectable caries participated. Using a table of random numbers, a total of 112 sealants (56 with acid-etching, 56 with laser etching) were placed on the permanent premolar and molar teeth. All restorative procedures except for application of the laser were performed by the same dentist. After completion of the fissure preparation either with acid or laser, the adhesive was applied; then a pit and fissure sealant, Clinpro Sealant, was placed and polymerized. Clinical evaluations were done at baseline and at 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow-up visits by two calibrated examiners, who were unaware of which etching method had been used. The retention of sealants and caries were evaluated with the aid of a dental explorer and an intra-oral mirror. Each sealant was evaluated using the following criteria: 1=completely retained; 2= partial loss; 3= total loss. The Pearson chi-square test was used to evaluate differences in the retention rates among the sealants used with different etching methods.ResultsAll patients attended the 24-month follow-up visit and all sealants were evaluated (total recall rate 100%). At the end of 24 months, 83.9% of the sealants from laser group and 85.7% of those from acid-etch group were recorded as “completely retained”. There were no statistically significant differences in retention rates among the preparation methods after all evaluation periods (p&gt;0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the retention rates of premolar and molars at each evaluation period. No secondary caries was detected in association with any sealants. Conclusion: The clinical performance of fissure sealants placed after acid or Er,Cr:YSGG laser etching was similar.
The Vented Crown: A Pictorial Case Report
Authors: Small B 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARY
The venting of crowns has been shown to be one of the important factors in achieving the optimal marginal fit that can lead to improved longevity. This case report describes the technique and demonstrates the preparation, laboratory work, seating, and finishing of the vented cast gold crown. This technique can also be used on porcelain fused to metal crowns.
Clinical Effectiveness of a Hydrophobic Coating Used in Conjunction With a One-step Self-etch Adhesive: An 18-month Evaluation
Authors: Sartori N , Peruchi LD , Guimarães JC , Silva SB , Monteiro S , Baratieri LN , Belli R 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARY
The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical performance of a one-step self-etch adhesive in noncarious cervical lesions with inclusion of a hydrophobic bonding layer not included in the original bonding system as a test of potentially improved bonding. Patients with noncarious cervical lesions received two or four restorations after being randomly assigned to two adhesive technique protocols (n=32): EB, application of Adper Easy Bond (3M ESPE) following manufacturer's instructions; and EB+B, application of Adper Easy Bond, immediately followed by the application of a hydrophobic resin coat (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Bonding Agent, 3M ESPE). All restorations were restored with a microhybrid composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE). Clinical effectiveness was recorded in terms of retention, marginal discoloration, marginal integrity, postoperative sensitivity, recurrent caries, periodontal health, and pulpal vitality, according to the modified USPHS criteria, for 18 months. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Fisher exact, and McNemar tests at α=0.05. Two restorations of each group were debonded after six months, leading to an overall clinical success rate of 93.8% for both groups. At the 18-month evaluation period, no new restoration was debonded. However, one restoration of the EB group displayed recurrent caries at the dentin margin, decreasing the overall success rate to 90.6% in comparison to 93.8% of EB+B. The success rate between EB and EB+B was not statistically significant (p=0.5). The application of a hydrophobic resin coat over EB did not increase bonding effectiveness in noncarious cervical lesions after 18 months.
Potassium trans-[bis(oxalato)diaquacobaltate(II)] tetrahydrate: synthesis, structure, potentiometric and thermal studies
Authors: Chylewska Agnieszka , Sikorski Artur , Dąbrowska Aleksandra , Chmurzyński Lech 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The title compound, trans-K2[Co(C2O4)2(H2O)2]·4H2O, was synthesised, and characterised by elemental analysis. Acid dissociation constants for the complex were determined by potentiometric titration and calculated by STOICHIO program. The crystal structure of trans-K2[Co(C2O4)2(H2O)2]·4H2O was determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The asymmetric part of the unit cell contains one symmetric anion of oxalate and water molecule bound with Co(II) ion in crystallographic special position, one potassium cation and two molecules of water. Thermal properties of the complex were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A decomposition mechanism is proposed on the basis of the results.
A close analysis of metal-enhanced fluorescence of tryptophan induced by silver nanoparticles: wavelength emission dependence
Authors: Caires Anderson , Costa Luciano , Fernandes Joelson 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In the last few years, silver nanoparticles have been proposed as a promising alternative for the label-free detection of proteins via metal-enhanced fluorescence. Generally, the aromatic amino acid tryptophan is most frequently used in this type of studies, because the intrinsic fluorescence of proteins is usually dominated by tryptophan emissions. In the present study, we evaluated the fluorescence behavior of tryptophan in the presence of a silver colloid with nanoparticles of 100 nm in diameter. The results showed that a nanoparticles concentration of 32 mg L−1 induced maximum fluorescence enhancement. However, the metal-enhanced fluorescence was dependent on the emission wavelength of tryptophan, and this phenomenon was closely related to the metal surface reabsorption process (inner filter effect), suggesting that the plasmon resonance reabsorption effect should be taken into account in analyses involving protein studies by metal-enhanced fluorescence.
Trichocomaceae: biodiversity of Aspergillus spp and Penicillium spp residing in libraries
Authors: Leite Júnior Diniz Pereira , Yamamoto Ana Caroline Akeme , Amadio Janaína Vasconcellos Ribeiro de Souza , Martins Evelin Rodrigues , Do Santos Fabio Alexandre Leal , Simoes Sara de Almeida Alves , Hahn Rosane Christine 
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Atmospheric air is the most common vehicle for the dispersion of fungi. Fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium are cosmopolitan and are classified in the family Trichocomaceae. Species of the genera are commonly found in soil, decaying organic materials, animal feed, stored grains, and other materials. This study aimed to determine the taxonomic diversity of airborne fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium residing in the dust of library environments to contribute to current knowledge of these characteristic genera. Methodology: Three libraries in the city of Cuiaba, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, were selected as the study areas. A total of 168 samples were collected at randomized sites within each library in areas containing journals, archives, in study rooms, and in collection storage areas in two different periods, the dry season (n = 42) and the rainy season (n = 42). Samples were collected by exposing Petri dishes containing Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol to the environmental air. Additional samples were collected with sterile swabs which were rubbed over the surface of randomly chosen books on the shelves; the swabs were subsequently incubated in the laboratory. Results and conclusion: The genus Aspergillus was highlighted as one of the principal airborne fungi present in indoor environments. Aspergillus spp was identified in 1,277 (89.6%) samples and Penicillium spp in 148 (10.4%). The dry period exhibited a greater number of isolates of the two taxons.
Correlation Between Central Corneal Thickness, Anterior Chamber Depth, and Corneal Keratometry as Measured by Oculyzer II and WaveLight OB820 in Preoperative Cataract Surgery Patients
Authors: Kanellopoulos A. John , Asimellis George 
Published: October 2012

PURPOSE:
To compare and correlate central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and keratometric (flat and steep K) measurements using two anterior segment imaging methods, a Scheimpflug camera system (Oculyzer II [Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH]) and a partial coherence biometry system (WaveLight OB820 [Alcon Laboratories Inc]) in eyes undergoing cataract surgery.

METHODS:
Ninety patients (mean age: 66±13 years [range: 32 to 88 years]) underwent preoperative measurement of CCT, ACD, and keratometric measurements by Scheimpflug tomography (Oculyzer II) and optical low coherence reflectometry (WaveLight OB820). Interdevice agreement and correlation between the two techniques were assessed.

RESULTS:

All measurements were highly correlated and showed no clinically significant difference between methods. Mean CCT was 554.21±39.07 μm and 546.59±37.75 μm for the Oculyzer II and WaveLight OB820, respectively (R
2
=0.9268). Mean ACD was 2.63±0.44 mm and 2.63±0.43 mm for the Oculyzer II and WaveLight OB820, respectively (R
2
=0.9488). The principal meridian keratometric values were also highly correlated. Mean flat K was 42.88±1.50 diopters (D) and 42.96±1.40 D for the Oculyzer II and WaveLight OB820, respectively (R
2
=0.8741). Mean steep K was 44.08±1.79 D and 44.26±1.95 D for the Oculyzer II and WaveLight OB820, respectively (R
2
=0.9159).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data show that the Oculyzer II and WaveLight OB820 provide measurements that are in agreement with published values for CCT and ACD in patients. Excellent agreement for CCT and ACD was found between the two devices, as demonstrated by a high degree of correlation and linearity, in addition to minimal bias. Thus, CCT, ACD, and K measurements by these instruments can both be used in clinical preparation, and their agreement is an ensuring precision factor for cataract and refractive surgeons.
Ectoparasites of sheep in three agro-ecological zones in central Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Kumsa Bersissa , Beyecha Kebede , Geloye Mesula 
Published: October 2012

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for ectoparasites infestation in sheep in three agro-ecological zones in central Oromia, Ethiopia, from October 2009 to April 2010. The study revealed that 637 (48.1%) of the 1325 sheep examined were infested with one or more ectoparasites. The ectoparasites identified were Bovicola ovis (27.2%), Melophagus ovinus (16.4%), Ctenocephalides sp. (2.3%), Linognathus africanus (1.2%), Linognathus ovillus (0.3%), Sarcoptes sp. (1.2%), Amblyomma variegatum (4.4%), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (1.9%), Rhipicephalus pravus (1.9%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (1.1%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (0.9%), Rhipicephalus praetextatus (1.1%) and Hyalomma truncatum (1.6%). Statistically significant difference was observed in prevalence of B. ovis amongst study agroecological zones: highland 36.6%, midland 20.9% and lowland 14.0%. Significantly higher prevalence was recorded in highland agroecological zone. A significantly (OR = 0.041, p < 0.001) higher prevalence of M. ovinus in the highland (31.7%) than in both the lowland (0%) and midland (1.9%) was observed. The risk of tick infestation in the lowland and midland was 9.883 times and 13.988 times higher than the risk in the highland, respectively. A significantly higher prevalence of Ctenocephalides species was encountered in both the lowland (OR = 4.738, p = 0.011) and midland (OR = 8.078, p = 0.000) than in the highland agro-ecological zone. However, a significant difference (p = 0.191) amongst agro-ecological zones was not found for the prevalence of Linognathus and Sarcoptes species. Statistically significant variation (p > 0.05) was never recorded in the prevalence of all the identified species of ectoparasites between male and female sheep hosts. However, a significantly (p = 0.006) higher prevalence of B. ovis was recorded between young and adult sheep. The risk of B. ovis infestation was 1.45 times higher in young than the adult sheep. Furthermore, a significantly (p < 0.001) higher prevalence of M. ovinus, B. ovis and Sarcoptes sp. was found between sheep with poor and a good body condition. The ever increasing threat of ectoparasites on overall sheep productivity and tanning industry in Ethiopia warrants urgent control intervention. Further studies on the role of ectoparasites in transmission of diseases to sheep, zoonotic importance, comparative prevalence and load, and the importance of sheep as alternative hosts in different agroecological zones, breeds and management systems in Ethiopia are recommended so as to design applicable control programme in the country.
Résonances près de seuils d'opérateurs magnétiques de Pauli et de Dirac
Authors: Sambou Diomba 
Published: October 2012

RésuméNous considérons les perturbations H := H0 + V et D := D0 + V des Hamiltoniens libres H0 de Pauli et D0 de Dirac en dimension 3 avec champ magnétique non constant, V étant un potentiel électrique qui décroıt super-exponentiellement dans la direction du champ magnétique. Nous montrons que dans des espaces de Banach appropriés, les résolvantes de H et D définies sur le demi-plan supérieur admettent des prolongements méromorphes. Nous définissons les résonances de H et D comme étant les pôles de ces extensions méromorphes. D’une part, nous étudions la répartition des résonances de H prés de l’origine 0 et d’autre part, celle des résonances de D près de ±m o ùm est la masse d’une particule. Dans les deux cas, nous obtenons d’abord des majorations du nombre de résonances dans de petits domaines au voisinage de 0 et ±m. Sous des hypothèses supplémentaires, nous obtenons des développements asymptotiques du nombre de résonances qui entraınent leur accumulation près des seuils 0 et ±m. En particulier, pour une perturbation V de signe défini, nous obtenons des informations sur la répartition des valeurs propres de H et D près de 0 et ±m respectivement.