bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise in the Older Adult: From the Sedentary Elderly to the Masters Athlete
Authors: Concannon Leah G. , Grierson Matthew J. , Harrast Mark A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe diverse exercise goals of the aging population present several challenges to physicians. Whereas some Masters athletes aim to set personal time records, sedentary elderly persons may look to exercise to help maintain independence and combat functional decline. This review article examines the common cardiovascular and neuromuscular physiological changes associated with aging and how regular exercise is used to improve physiological parameters and functional abilities. Exercise precautions specific to the elderly population are discussed. Exercise recommendations for persons with osteoarthritis and after joint arthroplasty also are presented.
Prejudice in context departs from attitudes toward groups
Authors: Eagly Alice H. , Diekman Amanda B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe analysis offered by Dixon et al. fails to acknowledge that the attitudes that drive prejudice are attitudes that are constructed in particular contexts. These attitudes (e.g., toward men as childcare workers) can diverge strongly from attitudes toward the group in general. Social change is thus best achieved through challenging the requirements of roles and by changing group stereotypes.
Heterosexism, homonegativity, and the sociopolitical dangers of orthodox models of prejudice reduction
Authors: Langdridge Darren 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCriticism of orthodox models of prejudice reduction is particularly relevant for lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals, particularly when considering stage models of coming-out. If social change is to be effected regarding endemic homonegativity and heterosexism, then it is argued that a radical rethink is needed to the understandable but misinformed desire to get us to like each other more.
Inequality is a relationship
Authors: Prentice Deborah A. , Shelton J. Nicole 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA view of inequality as a relationship between the advantaged and the disadvantaged has gained considerable currency in psychological research. However, the implications of this view for theories and interventions designed to reduce inequality remain largely unexplored. Drawing on the literature on close relationships, we identify several key features that a relational theory of social change should include.
Prejudice and personality: A role for positive-approach processes?
Authors: Seger Charles , Corr Philip J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIndividuals differ in their support for social change. We argue that examinations of inequality and change would benefit from consideration of underlying personality processes. New data suggest that Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation, indicators of support for inequality, may be motivated by biologically driven personality processes, particularly those related to positive-approach motivation.
Left ventricular mass by echocardiographic measures in children and adolescents
Authors: Mehta Sudhir K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence in adults suggests that left ventricular mass measured as left ventricular mass/height1.7 predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality better than the two widely used indices, left ventricular mass/body surface area and left ventricular mass/height2.7. Standards of left ventricular mass/height1.7 have not been reported in children, for whom, owing to lack of significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, body mass index has traditionally been used as a potential cardiovascular risk factor.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 692 clinically normal children aged 1 day to 18 years underwent detailed echocardiographic assessment to assess whether any of the left ventricular mass indices – left ventricular mass/height1.7, left ventricular mass/body surface area, and left ventricular mass/height2.7 – are associated with obesity as measured by body mass index. Correlations, t-tests, and linear regressions were used for statistical testing.ResultsLeft ventricular mass/height1.7 was better correlated (R2 = 0.36) with body mass index than left ventricular mass/body surface area (R2 = 0.179) and left ventricular mass/height2.7 (R2 = 0.006), although all three dependent variables show a significant correlation (p < 0.035). In addition, a higher percentage of obese patients were noted to have elevated left ventricular mass as measured by left ventricular mass/height1.7 than by the other two methods.ConclusionsLeft ventricular mass/height1.7 is a reliable indicator of obesity-associated left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular mass/height1.7 can be used conveniently during transitions from youth to adults for long-term follow-up. These findings support the importance of including left ventricular mass/height1.7 in future studies of cardiovascular risks and preventive strategies in children and adolescents.
Nosocomial Transmission of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1-ProducingKlebsiella pneumoniaein Toronto, Canada
Authors: Lowe Christopher F. , Kus Julianne V. , Salt Natasha , Callery Sandra , Louie Lisa , Khan Mohammed A. , Vearncombe Mary , Simor Andrew E. 
Published: November 2012

Design.An analysis of a cluster of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-l-producingKlebsiella pneumoniae(NDMl-Kp) and a retrospective case-cohort analysis of risk factors for acquisition in contacts of NDM1-Kp-positive patients.Setting.A 1,100-bed Canadian academic tertiary care center.Patients.Two index patients positive for NDMl-Kp as well as 45 contacts (roommates, ward mates, or environmental contacts) were investigated.Methods.Retrospective chart reviews of all patients colonized or infected with NDM1-Kp as well as contacts of these patients were performed in order to describe the epidemiology and impact of infection prevention and control measures. A case-cohort analysis was conducted investigating 45 contacts of NDM1-Kp-positive patients to determine risk factors for acquisition of NDM1-Kp. Rectal swabs were screened for NDMl-Kp using chromogenic agar. Presence ofblaNDM-1was confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Clonality was assessed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using restriction enzymeXbaI.Results.Two index cases carrying NDM1-Kp with different PFGE patterns were identified. Nosocomial transmission to 7 patients (4 roommates, 2 ward mates, and 1 environmental contact) was subsequenüy identified. Risk factors for acquisition of NDM1-Kp were a history of prior receipt of certain antibiotics (fluoroquinolones [odds ratio (OR), 16.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-58.8);P= .005], trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [OR, 11.3 (95% CI, 1.84-70.0);P= .01], and carbapenems [OR, 16.8 (95% CI, 1.79-157.3);P= .04]) and duration of exposure to NDM1-Kp-positive roommates (26.5 vs 6.7 days;P< .001).Conclusion.Two distinct clones of NDM1-Kp were transmitted to 7 inpatient contacts over several months. Implementation of contact precautions, screening of contacts for NDM1-Kp carriage, and attention to environmental disinfection contributed to the interruption of subsequent spread of the organism. The appropriate duration and frequency of screening contacts of NDMl-Kp-positive patients require further study.
Overuse of Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography in the Evaluation of Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism in the Emergency Department
Authors: Crichlow Amanda , Cuker Adam , Mills Angela M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundClinical decision rules have been developed and validated for the evaluation of patients presenting with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) to the emergency department (ED).ObjectivesThe objective was to assess the percentage of computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CT‐PA) procedures that could have been avoided by use of the Wells score coupled with D‐dimer testing (Wells/D‐dimer) or pulmonary embolism rule‐out criteria (PERC) in ED patients with suspected PE.MethodsThe authors conducted a prospective cohort study of adult ED patients undergoing CT‐PA for suspected PE. Wells score and PERC were calculated. A research blood sample was obtained for D‐dimer testing for subjects who did not undergo testing as part of their ED evaluation. The primary outcome was PE by CT‐PA or 90‐day follow‐up. Secondary outcomes were ED length of stay (LOS) and CT‐PA time as defined by time from order to initial radiologist interpretation.ResultsOf 152 suspected PE subjects available for analysis (mean ± SD age = 46.3 ± 15.6 years, 74% female, 59% black or African American, 11.8% diagnosed with PE), 14 (9.2%) met PERC, none of whom were diagnosed with PE. A low‐risk Wells score (≤4) was assigned to 110 (72%) subjects, of whom only 38 (35%) underwent clinical D‐dimer testing (elevated in 33/38). Of the 72 subjects with low‐risk Wells scores who did not have D‐dimers performed in the ED, archived research samples were negative in 16 (22%). All 21 subjects with low‐risk Wells scores and negative D‐dimers were PE‐negative. CT‐PA time (median = 160 minutes) accounted for more than half of total ED LOS (median = 295 minutes).ConclusionsIn total, 9.2 and 13.8% of CT‐PA procedures could have been avoided by use of PERC and Wells/D‐dimer, respectively.
Larazotide acetate in patients with coeliac disease undergoing a gluten challenge: a randomised placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Kelly C. P. , Green P. H. R. , Murray J. A. , DiMarino A. , Colatrella A. , Leffler D. A. , Alexander T. , Arsenescu R. , Leon F. , Jiang J. G. , Arterburn L. A. , Paterson B. M. , Fedorak R. N. ,   the Larazotide Acetate Celiac Disease Study Group
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundCoeliac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, is managed by a gluten‐free diet (GFD), which is difficult for many patients. Larazotide acetate is a first‐in‐class oral peptide that prevents tight junction opening, and may reduce gluten uptake and associated sequelae.AimTo evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of larazotide acetate during gluten challenge.MethodsThis exploratory, double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled study included 184 patients maintaining a GFD before and during the study. After a GFD run‐in, patients were randomised to larazotide acetate (1, 4, or 8 mg three times daily) or placebo and received 2.7 grams of gluten daily for 6 weeks. Outcomes included an experimental biomarker of intestinal permeability, the lactulose‐to‐mannitol (LAMA) ratio and clinical symptoms assessed by Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and anti‐transglutaminase antibody levels.ResultsNo significant differences in LAMA ratios were observed between larazotide acetate and placebo groups. Larazotide acetate 1‐mg limited gluten‐induced symptoms measured by GSRS (P = 0.002 vs. placebo). Mean ratio of anti‐tissue transglutaminase IgA levels over baseline was 19.0 in the placebo group compared with 5.78 (P = 0.010), 3.88 (P = 0.005) and 7.72 (P = 0.025) in the larazotide acetate 1‐, 4‐, and 8‐mg groups, respectively. Adverse event rates were similar between larazotide acetate and placebo groups.ConclusionsLarazotide acetate reduced gluten‐induced immune reactivity and symptoms in patients with coeliac disease undergoing gluten challenge and was generally well tolerated; however, no significant difference in LAMA ratios between larazotide acetate and placebo was observed. Results and design of this exploratory study can inform the design of future studies of pharmacological interventions in patients with coeliac disease.
Spindle‐cell variant of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma spreading to the hepatobiliary tree, mimicking Klatskin tumor
Authors: Rozati Sima , Kerl Katrin , Kempf Werner , Tinguely Marianne , Zimmermann Dieter R. , Dummer Reinhard , Cozzio Antonio 
Published: November 2012

Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (pcFCL) is an indolent type of primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma (pcBCL) rarely disseminating to other organs. PcBCL with spindle‐cell morphology has been described as a rare variant of pcFCL but the prognosis data of this variant is sparse.We report a rare case of spindle‐cell pcFCL with CD20+, CD79a+, CD3+, Bcl‐6+, Mum‐1− and CD10−tumor cells that infiltrated the hepatic hilum, mimicking a Klatskin tumor.On the basis of the sparse published data on spindle‐cell morphology of pcBCL, this growth pattern should elicit awareness of an increased risk of systemic involvement in the otherwise indolent pcFCL.
Systolic and Diastolic Ventricular Function Assessed by Tissue Doppler Imaging in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Simpson John M. , Rawlins Debbie , Mathur Sujeev , Chubb Henry , Sinha Manish D. 
Published: November 2012

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk even during childhood. Tissue Doppler is a sensitive technique for the assessment of ventricular dysfunction with relatively little data available in children with CKD. We report a prospective cross‐sectional echocardiographic study at a tertiary center. Forty‐nine patients with median (range) age 11.2 years (6.9–17.9), weight 39.6 kg (23.6–99.7) and height 146 cm (122–185). Thirty‐one patients were male. Median duration of follow‐up for CKD was 7.1 years (range 0.13–16.9). Patients were in CKD stage 3 (n = 37) or 4 (n = 12). Mitral valve E‐wave, A‐wave, and E/A ratio showed mean (SD) z‐scores of 0.08 (0.93), 0.12 (0.82) and −0.13 (0.84), respectively. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) at the lateral mitral valve annulus showed e′, a′, s′, and E/e′ z‐scores mean (SD) −1.10 (0.76), −0.29 (0.92), −1.2 (0.7), and 0.86 (1.1), respectively. There was a significant negative correlation of e′ and s′ z‐score with patient age. E/e′ ratio correlated positively with patient age. Blood pressure, left ventricular mass, and relative wall thickness did not correlate with tissue Doppler measurements. The e′ and s′ velocities correlated significantly with each other, suggesting an interaction of systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Children with CKD may have abnormalities of systolic and diastolic ventricular function on TDI, which are not evident on blood pool Doppler. The tissue Doppler results are consistent with worsening ventricular function in older patients.
Is intravenous iron sucrose the treatment of choice for pregnant anemic women?
Authors: Devasenapathy Niveditha , Neogi Sutapa Bandyopadhyay , Zodpey Sanjay 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAnemia during pregnancy remains an important public health problem in developing countries like India. Anemia is the direct cause of 12–15% of maternal deaths. Iron deficiency is the commonest cause for anemia in the Indian subcontinent. Several preventive and therapeutic approaches are in practice. The available routes of iron supplementation are oral and intravenous. In spite of oral iron being least invasive, cheap and safe, the ineffectiveness of oral iron due to dietary inhibitors and poor compliance are well known. Intravenous iron sucrose can be a promising therapy for moderate to severely anemic pregnant women and has been in practice for quite some time in private and public health practices. In this article, we report the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose in anemic pregnant women on hematological and clinical outcomes. Though the evidence on its efficacy in improving hemoglobin and serum ferritin is convincing, its effect on maternal and fetal outcomes are unclear. This is primarily due to lack of well‐designed and larger studies powered to detect difference in clinical outcomes. Hence, there is a need to gather evidence from a well‐designed large randomized clinical trial conducted in a developing country. The results of such a study would feed into the national policy and would form the basis to frame guidelines for management of anemia in developing countries.
Bottom–up and top–down forces structuring consumer communities in an experimental grassland
Authors: Rzanny Michael , Kuu Annely , Voigt Winfried 
Published: November 2012

Synthesis The interplay between bottom‐up and top‐down effects is certainly a general manifestation of any changes in both species abundances and diversity. Summary variables, such as species numbers, diversity indices or lumped species abundances provide too limited information about highly complex ecosystems. In contrast, species by species analyses of ecological communities comprising hundreds of species are inevitably only snapshot‐like and lack generality in explaining processes within communities.Our synthesis, based on species matrices of functional groups of all trophic levels, simplifies community complexity to a manageable degree while retaining full species‐specific information. Taking into account plant species richness, plant biomass, soil properties and relevant spatial scales, we decompose variance of abundance in consumer functional groups to determine the direction and the magnitude of community controlling processes.After decades of intensive research, the relative importance of top–down and bottom–up control for structuring ecological communities is still a particularly disputed issue among ecologists. In our study, we determine the relative role of bottom–up and top–down forces in structuring the composition of 13 arthropod functional groups (FG) comprising different trophic consumer levels. Based on species‐specific plant biomass and arthropod abundance data from 50 plots of a grassland biodiversity experiment, we quantified the proportions of bottom–up and top–down forces on consumer FG composition while taking into account direct and indirect effects of plant diversity, functional diversity, community biomass, soil properties and spatial arrangement of these plots. Variance partitioning using partial redundancy analysis explained 21–44% of total variation in arthropod functional group composition. Plant‐mediated bottom–up forces accounted for the major part of the explainable variation within the composition of all FGs. Predator‐mediated top–down forces, however, were much weaker, yet influenced the majority of consumer FGs. Plant functional group composition, notably legume composition, had the most important impact on virtually all consumer FGs. Compared to plant species richness and plant functional group richness, plant community biomass explained a much higher proportion of variation in consumer community composition.
Mesenchymal stem cells combined with barrier domes enhance vertical bone formation
Authors: Zigdon‐Giladi Hadar , Lewinson Dina , Bick Tova , Machtei Eli E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo enhance vertical bone formation in a rat calvarium following combination of guided bone regeneration (GBR) and transplantation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSC).Materials and MethodsGold domes (7 mm radius, 5 mm height) were filled with 5 × 105 bmMSC or osteogenic transformed bmMSC (otMSC) that were isolated from tibia of inbred rats and mixed with βTCP. Domes filled with βTCP served as control. Rats were sacrificed after 3 months. New bone formation was analysed by histology and histomorphometry.ResultsIn all rats hard tissue filled the space under the dome. In the lower part of the specimens the newly formed mature bone was continuous with the original calvaria, whereas the upper (distal) part of the augmented tissue contained residual scaffold surrounded by connective tissue. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that cell transplantation doubled vertical bone height: (bmMSC 4.13 ± 0.5 mm, otMSC 4.14 ± 0.3 mm βTCP 2.29 ± 0.22 mm, p ≤ 0.001). Bone area fraction (%) was significantly increased following transplantation of otMSC (47.2 ± 2.5%) when compared with bmMSC (37.3 ± 3.35%) and with βTCP (31.09 ± 2.7%) (p ≤ 0.031 versus bmMSC, p ≤ 0.0004 versus control)ConclusionIn a rat calvaria model transplantation of both otMSC and bmMSC, when combined with GBR significantly enhanced bone formation.
Long‐Term Effects of Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect on Cardiac Remodeling and Exercise Capacity in Patients Older than 40 Years with a Reduction in Cardiopulmonary Function
Authors: TAKAYA YOICHI , TANIGUCHI MANABU , AKAGI TEIJI , NOBUSADA SAORI , KUSANO KENGO , ITO HIROSHI , SANO SHUNJI 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundAlthough it has been demonstrated that cardiac remodeling and exercise capacity improve after transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD), little is known about long‐term benefits in middle‐aged and elderly patients with a reduction in cardiopulmonary function.ObjectivesTo evaluate long‐term extent and time course of improvements in cardiac remodeling and exercise capacity in those patients.Methods:Twenty ASD patients ≥ 40 years of age with a reduction in cardiopulmonary function (predicted peak oxygen uptake [VO2] < 65%) were enrolled. Transthoracic echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were performed at baseline and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and >12 months after the procedure.ResultsAt 1 month after the procedure, significant decreases in right ventricular (RV) end‐diastolic diameter (38.2 ± 4.4 to 31.9 ± 4.4 mm; P < 0.001) and RV/left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter ratio (0.95 ± 0.17 to 0.71 ± 0.13; P < 0.001) occurred, and they were maintained during the follow‐up period. Normal RV size was achieved in 11 of 18 patients with RV enlargement. Predicted peak VO2 did not change at 1 month and 3 months, but it improved significantly after 6 months (53.6 ± 6.5 to 62.1 ± 12.6%; P < 0.01). Sixteen of the 20 patients showed improved predicted peak VO2.ConclusionsCardiac remodeling and exercise capacity could be improved over the long‐term period after transcatheter closure of ASD in middle‐aged and elderly patients with a reduction in cardiopulmonary function. There were differences in the time course of improvement between cardiac remodeling and exercise capacity in those patients. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:195–199)
Genetic variants of heat shock protein A1L2437 and A1B1267 as possible risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in India
Authors: Medhi S. , Sarma M. P. , Asim M. , Kar P. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryTo study the role of heat shock protein A1L (HSPA1L) and A1B (HSPA1B) polymorphisms and subsequent risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in India. Subjects enrolled included 185 cases of HCC, 182 cases of chronic hepatitis (CH) and 200 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was typed for HSPA1L2437 and HSPA1B1267 SNP using polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism. Other risk factors were also analysed. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, older age >35 years and high aflatoxin level in urine increased the risk of HCC. The frequencies of HSPA1L BB genotype and B allele in HCC were more than in CH [odds ratio (OR): 9.83; P = 0.000], but also in HBV‐related HCC than Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) [OR: 3.44; P = 0.004] and HCV‐related HCC compared to CHC [OR: 6.32; P = 0.010]. The frequency of HSPA1B genotype in the homozygous state was more in CH [OR: 6.01; P = 0.001] and is a good marker to predict the risk of HCV‐related CH (CHC) compared to controls. HCV‐related HCC has a higher frequency of the B allele of HSPA1B than healthy controls [OR: 3.95; P = 0.000] and CHC [OR: 2.35; P = 0.000], respectively. The frequencies increased further significantly in CHC compared to healthy controls [OR: 9.26; P = 0.000]. The risk for the development of CH and HCC compared to healthy controls irrespective of the aetiology was significant in terms of the HSPA1B marker than HSPA1L in the Indian population.