bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of tibolone on osteoarthritis in ovariectomized rats: Association with nociceptive pain behaviour
Authors: Yang P‐Y. , Tang C‐C. , Chang Y‐C. , Huang S‐Y. , Hsieh S‐P. , Fan S‐S. , Lee H‐P. , Lin S‐C. , Chen W‐F. , Wen Z‐H. , Jean Y‐H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the role of the synthetic steroid tibolone in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) and in nociceptive behaviour in an experimental rat model of OA and ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced osteoporosis.MethodsOA was induced in Wistar rats by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) of the right knee. Osteoporosis was induced by bilateral OVX. Groups of animals were subjected to ACLT, OVX, sham or OVX + ACLT. In addition, two groups were subjected to OVX + ACLT surgeries and were orally administered 0.1 or 0.5 mg tibolone every other day for 14 consecutive weeks, starting 6 weeks after surgery. Nociceptive behaviours (secondary mechanical allodynia and weight‐bearing distribution of the hind paws) were analysed prior to and every 3 weeks after surgery up to 24 weeks. At 24 weeks, histopathological studies were performed on the cartilage and synovial membranes of the knee joints, and bone metabolism was assessed by measuring serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase.ResultsRats undergoing ACLT or OVX + ACLT surgeries showed obvious OA changes in the joints. Animals subjected to ACLT + OVX and treated with tibolone had significantly less cartilage degeneration and synovitis and showed improved nociceptive tests compared with animals undergoing ACLT + OVX surgeries alone. OVX increased the severity of the ACLT‐induced OA changes. There was a significant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase in the tibolone‐treated ACLT + OVX groups.ConclusionsTreatment with tibolone attenuated the development of OA, concomitantly reduced nociception and increased serum alkaline phosphatase in ACLT + OVX rats.
Synthesis and characterization of a noncytotoxic, X‐ray opaque polyurethane containing iodinated hydroquinone bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) ether as chain extender for biomedical applications
Authors: Kiran S. , Joseph Roy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn iodinated urethane polymer that does not require addition of X‐ray attenuating additives to impart X‐ray opacity was synthesized and characterized for biomedical applications. A new X‐ray opaque diiodo compound, namely, 2,2′‐(2,5‐diiodobenzene‐1,4‐diyl)bis(oxy)diethanol (DBD), was synthesized by iodinating hydroquinone bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) ether and this compound was used as chain extender during polyurethane synthesis so that X‐ray opacity could be imparted to the polymer formed. X‐ray opaque polyurethane (XPU) was synthesized by reacting 1,6‐diisocyanatohexane with poly(hexamethylene carbonate)diol and DBD. X‐ray opacity of XPU was measured with a fluoroscopy machine using BaSO4‐filled polyurethane as controls. Radiographic images showed that XPU sample had X‐ray opacity equivalent to 15 wt % BaSO4‐filled polymer. In vivo imaging in a rabbit model showed that the material could be readily distinguishable from bones. XPU was found to be hemocompatible and noncytotoxic to L929 fibroblast cell lines. Optical transparency measurements using ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer showed that XPU transmitted 85% of visible light. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3207–3215, 2014.
Effects of achilles tendon immersion in saline and perfluorochemicals on T2 and T2*
Authors: Chang Eric Y. , Du Jiang , Bae Won C. , Statum Sheronda , Chung Christine B. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo determine if immersion of Achilles tendon segments into various solutions improved qualitative delineation of tendon and affected quantitative MR values of T2 and T2*.Materials and MethodsSix Achilles tendons were dissected, sectioned (proximal, midportion, and distal tensile pieces) and imaged at 3T both at baseline in air and after immersion into saline, Fomblin, and perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB), respectively, for 24 h. Blinded readers qualitatively assessed the delineation of tendon boundaries and quantitatively Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) T2 and ultrashort echo time (UTE) T2* was calculated. Comparison between images obtained in air and in solution was made.ResultsOn qualitative evaluation, all images obtained in air had larger air‐tissue susceptibility effects. Mean T2 values of saline, Fomblin, and PFOB groups were 16.1 ± 3.7, 16.6 ± 2.9, and 18.8 ± 2.6 ms at baseline in air, and 14.8 ± 4.6, 15.9 ± 3.0, and 17.7 ± 3.0 ms after immersion in the fluid, respectively. Mean T2* values of saline, Fomblin, and PFOB groups were 2.0 ± 0.8, 1.6 ± 0.5, and 1.5 ± 0.5 ms at baseline in air, and 2.1 ± 0.5, 1.6 ± 0.5, and 1.4 ± 0.5 ms after immersion in the fluid, respectively. There was no significant effect of immersion or fluid type on measured T2 or T2* (P > 0.1).ConclusionThese results validate the continued use of these solutions to prevent tendon specimen dehydration and to minimize susceptibility effects. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:496–500. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of commercial amino acids on iron nutrition of tomato plants grown under lime‐induced iron deficiency
Authors: Cerdán Mar , Sánchez‐Sánchez Antonio , Jordá Juana D. , Juárez Margarita , Sánchez‐Andreu Juan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe objective of this work was to study the effect of root and foliar application of two commercial products containing amino acids from plant and animal origin on iron (Fe) nutrition of tomato seedlings cultivated in two nutrient media: lime and normal nutrient solutions. In the foliar‐application experiment, each product was sprayed with 0.5 and 0.7 mL L–1 2, 7, 12, and 17 d after transplanting. In the root application experiment, 0.1 and 0.2 mL L–1 of amino acids products were added to the nutrient solutions. In both experiments, untreated control plants were included as well. Foliar and root application of the product containing amino acids from animal origin caused severe plant‐growth depression and nonpositive effects on Fe nutrition were found. In contrast, the application of the product from plant origin stimulated plant growth. Furthermore, significantly enhanced root and leaf FeIII‐chelate reductase activity, chlorophyll concentration, leaf Fe concentration, and FeII : Fe ratio were found in tomato seedlings treated with the product from plant origin, especially when the amino acids were directly applied to the roots. These effects were more evident in plants developed under lime‐induced Fe deficiency. The positive results on Fe uptake may be related to the action of glutamic acid, the most abundant amino acid in the formulation of the product from plant origin.
Stability of compressive residual stresses under cyclic loads for autofrettaged aluminum components
Authors: Kohlenbecker M. J. , Roos E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEine Möglichkeit, die Schwingfestigkeit von innendruckbeanspruchten Bauteilen zu erhöhen, bietet die Autofrettage. Bei diesem Verfahren werden Druckeigenspannungen erzeugt, indem einmalig ein Druck aufgebracht wird, der über dem späteren Betriebsdruck liegt. Während bereits zahlreiche Untersuchungen für den Werkstoff Stahl vorliegen, soll in diesem Beitrag auf das Potenzial der Autofrettage für die Aluminiumknetlegierung EN AW‐6082‐T5 eingegangen werden. Um mit den eingebrachten Eigenspannungen eine dauerhafte Erhöhung der ertragbaren Spannungsamplitude zu gewährleisten, dürfen sie sich nicht abbauen. Die bei einem Druck von 1500 bar autofrettierten T‐Verschneidungsproben zeigen bei einem Prüfdruck von Δp = 500 bar eine signifikante Erhöhung der Lebensdauer. Die Eigenspannungen bleiben bis zur Grenzlastschwingspielzahl von 2,5×106 stabil. Erst für eine Beanspruchung, bei welcher die maximale Vergleichsspannung oberhalb der Streckgrenze liegt, verändert sich die anfängliche Druckeigenspannungsverteilung im Bauteil und geht sogar teilweise bis in den Zugbereich über. Die Autofrettage ist somit ein geeignetes Verfahren um die Schwingfestigkeit von Bauteilen aus Aluminium zu erhöhen.
Stress analysis of a stepped rounded D‐ring with a ratio of H1/H2 = 3.0 under uniform squeeze rate and internal pressure by photoelastic experimental hybrid method
Authors: Mose B. R. , Hawong J.‐S. , Nam J. H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractStresses occurring in a stepped rounded D‐ring designed to have a ratio of H1/H2 = 3.0 and compressed to 20% squeeze and pressurized with internal pressures of 0 MPa, 0.98 MPa, 1.96 MPa, 3.92 MPa, 4.9 MPa and 5.89 MPa are analyzed using photoelastic experimental hybrid method. It was observed that when a pressure of 0 MPa and 20% compression are applied, the photoelastic isochromatic fringes of the stepped rounded D‐ring with a ratio of H1/H2 = 3.0 were almost symmetrical. However, as the applied internal pressure increased, the circular portion of the D‐ring moved over the step on the front side along the points 1r–2r towards the restraining wall of the front side of the groove. During the motion of the circular portion, the space between the restraining wall and the step on the front side was slowly filled; but unlike the D‐ring with a ratio of H1/H2 = 1.0 where complete filling occurred earlier before extrusion, complete filling of this space delayed until the portion of the D‐ring near the extrusion gap extruded. It was further noted that an internal pressure of up to 5.89 MPa was required to initiate extrusion in the D‐ring with a ratio of H1/H2 = 3.0.
Comparative study of normal and sensitive skin aerobic bacterial populations
Authors: Hillion Mélanie , Mijouin Lily , Jaouen Thomas , Barreau Magalie , Meunier Pauline , Lefeuvre Luc , Lati Elian , Chevalier Sylvie , Feuilloley Marc G. J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate if the sensitive skin syndrome, a frequent skin disorder characterized by abnormal painful reactions to environmental factors in the absence of visible inflammatory response, could be linked to a modification in the skin bacterial population. A total of 1706 bacterial isolates was collected at the levels of the forehead, cheekbone, inner elbow, and lower area of the scapula on the skin of normal and sensitive skin syndrome‐suffering volunteers of both sexes and of different ages. Among these isolates, 21 strains were randomly selected to validate in a first step the Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI)‐Biotyper process as an efficient identification tool at the group and genus levels, by comparison to API® strips and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing identification techniques. In a second step, identification of the skin microbiota isolates by the MALDI‐Biotyper tool allowed to pinpoint some differences in terms of bacterial diversity with regard to the collection area, and the volunteer's age and gender. Finally, comparison of the skin microbiota from normal and sensitive skin syndrome‐suffering volunteers pointed out gender‐related variations but no detectable correlation between a phylum, a genus or a dominant bacterial species and the sensitive skin phenotype. This study reveals that there is no dysbiosis of aerobic cultivable bacteria associated with the sensitive skin syndrome and further demonstrates that the MALDI‐Biotyper is a powerful technique that can be efficiently employed to the study of cultivable human skin bacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on bacteria in the sensitive skin syndrome. These results are of potential importance for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, which are looking for new strategies to treat this multiparametric disorder.
Rethinking climate engineering categorization in the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation
Authors: Boucher Olivier , Forster Piers M. , Gruber Nicolas , Ha‐Duong Minh , Lawrence Mark G. , Lenton Timothy M. , Maas Achim , Vaughan Naomi E. 
Published: October 2013

The portfolio of approaches to respond to the challenges posed by anthropogenic climate change has broadened beyond mitigation and adaptation with the recent discussion of potential climate engineering options. How to define and categorize climate engineering options has been a recurring issue in both public and specialist discussions. We assert here that current definitions of mitigation, adaptation, and climate engineering are ambiguous, overlap with each other and thus contribute to confusing the discourse on how to tackle anthropogenic climate change. We propose a new and more inclusive categorization into five different classes: anthropogenic emissions reductions (AER), territorial or domestic removal of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases (D‐GGR), trans‐territorial removal of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases (T‐GGR), regional to planetary targeted climate modification (TCM), and climate change adaptation measures (including local targeted climate and environmental modification, abbreviated CCAM). Thus, we suggest that techniques for domestic greenhouse gas removal might better be thought of as forming a separate category alongside more traditional mitigation techniques that consist of emissions reductions. Local targeted climate modification can be seen as an adaptation measure as long as there are no detectable remote environmental effects. In both cases, the scale and intensity of action are essential attributes from the technological, climatic, and political viewpoints. While some of the boundaries in this revised classification depend on policy and judgement, it offers a foundation for debating on how to define and categorize climate engineering options and differentiate them from both mitigation and adaptation measures to climate change. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:23–35. doi: 10.1002/wcc.261This article is categorized under:

Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and Knowledge
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Dendrimers as high relaxivity MR contrast agents
Authors: Longmire Michelle R. , Ogawa Mikako , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDendrimers are versatile macromolecules with tremendous potential as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Dendrimer‐based agents provide distinct advantages over low‐molecular‐weight gadolinium chelates, including enhanced r1 relaxivity due to slow rotational dynamics, tunable pharmacokinetics that can be adapted for blood pool, liver, kidney, and lymphatic imaging, the ability to be a drug carrier, and flexibility for labeling due to their inherent multivalency. Clinical applications are increasingly being developed, particularly in lymphatic imaging. Herein we present a broad overview of dendrimer‐based MRI contrast agents with attention to the unique chemistry and physical properties as well as emerging clinical applications.This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Impact of harmonization of collection tubes on Alzheimer's disease diagnosis
Authors: Lehmann Sylvain , Schraen Susanna , Quadrio Isabelle , Paquet Claire , Bombois Stéphanie , Delaby Constance , Dorey Aline , Dumurgier Julien , Hirtz Christophe , Krolak‐Salmon Pierre , Laplanche Jean‐Louis , Moreaud Olivier , Peoc'h Katell , Rouaud Olivier , Sablonnière Bernard , Thouvenot Eric , Touchon Jacques , Vercruysse Olivier , Hugon Jacques , Gabelle Audrey , Pasquier Florence , Perret‐Liaudet Armand 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze differences in biomarker outcomes before and after harmonization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection tubes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis.MethodsWe analyzed data from French memory centers that switched from different CSF collection tubes to a common one. A total of 1966 patients were included in the study. CSF concentrations of β‐amyloid 1–42 (Aβ42), total tau, and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau181) were measured in each center using the same commercial enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The diagnostic value of CSF biomarkers according to the type of tube used was then assessed using different cutoffs.ResultsThe predictive value of Aβ42 was highly affected by the type of collection tube used. The optimal cutoff value for p‐tau181 appeared not to be affected by the type of collection tube whereas that of total tau was slightly changed. New optimal cutoff values were then computed.ConclusionsIn a routine clinical environment, the selection of the collection tube and biomarker cutoff value makes a major difference in AD biological diagnosis. The use of a common collection tube among different centers will reduce the risk of misdiagnosis and incorrect patient stratification.
Response to host density by the parasitoidDolichogenidea tasmanica(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the influence of grapevine variety
Authors: Paull C.A. , Schellhorn N.A. , Austin A.D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNatural enemies that respond to prey in a density-dependent manner may be able to quickly suppress pest populations before they reach economically damaging levels. Although it is primarily the combination of a natural enemy's functional response and a population numerical response that will influence the maximum number of pests attacked, other factors may influence a density-dependent response. We conducted large-scale field experiments, both artificially inoculating grapevines with larvae and using naturally occurring populations, to quantify and characterize the response of a parasitoid,Dolichogenidea tasmanica(Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to different densities of its host, the pest of grapevines,Epiphyas postvittana(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We showed that the response ofD. tasmanicato the density ofE. postvittanawas inversely density-dependent, and that the degree of parasitism was consistently and significantly higher in the grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon compared with Chardonnay. While the significant effect of variety on the degree of parasitism may provide an option for increasing the parasitism ofE. postvittanabyD. tasmanica, it also highlights how differences in host plant can influence trophic interactions.
The Portable Madrasa: Print, publics, and the authority of the Deobandi `ulama
Authors: INGRAM BRANNON D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the first decades of the twentieth century, classically trained Muslim scholars (`ulama) of the influential Deobandi school of North India issued a number of immensely popular, mass-printed ‘primers’ on Islamic belief and ritual practice. Now ubiquitous in the Islamic bookshops in South Asia and elsewhere, these primers sought to summarize the rudiments of an Islamic education for a nascent lay Muslim reading public. Focusing on three Deobandi`ulama—Ashraf `Ali Thanvi (d. 1943), Mufti Muhammad Kifayatullah (d. 1952), and Muhammad Manzur Nu`mani (d. 1997)—this paper explores how their primers advanced the Deobandi school's well-known critique of popular piety even as they claimed to address Muslims generally, and how their authors negotiated the subtle dynamics of print. Understanding the potentially subversive power of print to open a space for readers to form their own interpretations of minute doctrinal matters and the threat of mass-printed religious texts to their own authority, these`ulamaimplored readers to refrain from forming their own opinions of the primers’ content and to consult the`ulamathroughout the reading process. Thus, even as they took advantage of print's possibilities, they remained deeply suspect of its ramifications.
Dashed Expectations: Limitations of the telegraphic service in the late Qing
Authors: YOON WOOK 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPrevious researchers have noted that the telegraph had a significant impact on late Qing politics in a variety of ways. This paper, however, argues that the telegraph in China failed to become a popular means of communication due to technical problems and misguided pricing policies. The Telegraph Administration (Zhongguo dianbaoju) was established in 1882, and its service suffered from persistent problems with regard to speed, stability, cost, and security. In order to keep profits up so as to be able to pay dividends to its shareholders, the Telegraph Administration did not invest in the latest and most efficient telegraph machines which would have enabled it to improve its service, cut down on telegraph fees, and attract more customers. Instead, it had to keep charges high for both private and commercial telegraph users, but at the same time it was not able to resolve delays in transmission, even for government messages. Although the service had an impact on the overall communications market in China—not least due to its near-monopoly position—and returned a degree of profit to its shareholders, the mindset of its administration and its approach to management limited the company's ability to develop a successful niche in the market or to achieve its potential as a driving force in China's economic development.
Environmental resource collection: implications for children's schooling in Tigray, northern Ethiopia
Authors: Gebru Bahre , Bezu Sosina 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the adverse effect of natural resources scarcity on children's schooling and the possible gender bias of resource collection work against girls' schooling. It uses cross-sectional data on 316 children aged 7–18 years collected from 120 rural households in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. The two-stage conditional maximum likelihood estimation technique is employed to take care of endogeneity between schooling and collection intensity decisions. The results revealed that a 50 per cent increase in collection intensity reduces the likelihood of child schooling by approximately 11 per cent. However, we find no evidence of gender bias against girls' schooling.
Finnish Children Healthy Eating Index (FCHEI) and its associations with family and child characteristics in pre-school children
Authors: Kyttälä Pipsa , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Lehtinen-Jacks Susanna , Ovaskainen Marja-Leena , Uusitalo Liisa , Veijola Riitta , Simell Olli , Knip Mikael , Virtanen Suvi Mirjami 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to develop a Finnish Children Healthy Eating Index (FCHEI), to determine the relative validity of the index and to examine associations between the index and familial sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.DesignCross-sectional samples of children participating in a population-based birth cohort study in Finland.SettingType I Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study cohort.SubjectsThree-day food records from 1-year-old (n 455), 3-year-old (n 471) and 6-year-old (n 713) children were completed between 2003 and 2005.ResultsValidity of the FCHEI was assessed by studying the associations between the FCHEI and nutrient intakes of the children. Among all age groups, intakes of SFA and sugars decreased across increasing quartiles of the FCHEI while intakes of PUFA, dietary fibre, vitamin D and vitamin E increased. Among 3- and 6-year-olds, being cared for at home was associated with the lowest FCHEI quartile (diet that deviates most from the recommendations). The lowest FCHEI quartile was also associated with residence in a semi-urban area among the 3-year-olds and low maternal education and smoking during pregnancy among the 6-year-olds.ConclusionsThe FCHEI serves as a valid indicator of the quality of Finnish children's diet. Public health programmes aimed at improving the dietary behaviours of pre-school aged children should aim to improve the quality of food served at home. Families with history of lower parental education, maternal smoking during pregnancy or non-urban place of residence may require special attention.