bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting premeal anxiety in eating disordered clients and normal controls: A preliminary investigation into the use of mindful eating vs. distraction during food exposure
Authors: Marek Ryan J. , Ben‐Porath Denise D. , Federici Anita , Wisniewski Lucene , Warren Mark 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveStudies have demonstrated that negative affect increases prior to food intake in individuals diagnosed with an eating disorder. Mindfulness has been supported empirically to treat experiential avoidance stemming from anxiety. Thus, the current objective in this study is to empirically compare mindfulness vs. thought suppression invention during a food exposure in both clinical and nonclinical samples.MethodIn a 2 (Group: clinical vs. nonclinical) × 2 (Intervention: mindfulness vs. distraction) counterbalanced within treatment design, the current investigation sought to determine the differential effectiveness of a brief mindfulness intervention vs. a brief distraction intervention in women diagnosed with AN and BN in a clinical and nonclinical sample during a food exposure.ResultsResults indicated that the eating disorder group reported a significant increase in negative affect after the mindfulness intervention as compared to the distraction intervention, whereas the nonclinical group reported a significant decrease in negative affect after the mindfulness intervention as compared to the distraction intervention.DiscussionPreliminary findings suggest that clinicians may want to proceed cautiously when using mindful eating in those with severe eating disorders during the early stages of food exposure. Limitations and future directions are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:582–585)
Identity‐based multi‐proxy multi‐signature scheme provably secure in random oracle model
Authors: Sahu Rajeev Anand , Padhye Sahadeo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA multi‐proxy multi‐signature scheme is a useful extension of the basic proxy signature scheme, which allows a group of original signers to delegate their signing rights to a group of proxy signers. At the best of our knowledge, no formal security model and proof has been formalised for the identity‐based multi‐proxy multi‐signature (IBMPMS) scheme from bilinear pairings so far, whereas due to applications of the IBMPMS scheme in distributed systems, grid computing, mobile agent environment and so on, construction of an efficient and provably secure IBMPMS scheme is desired. In this paper, we propose an IBMPMS scheme from bilinear pairings. We also formalise a security model for the IBMPMS schemes from bilinear pairings, and prove that the proposed scheme is secure against existential forgery on adaptive chosen‐message and adaptive chosen‐identity attacks in the random oracle model, under the computational Diffie–Hellman assumption. Moreover, the proposed scheme is more efficient in the sense of computation and operation time, with a small signature size than the existing IBMPMS schemes.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sediment undulations induced by free gas in muddy marine sediments: A modeling approach
Authors: Katsman Regina 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSediment undulations observed on the continental shelf in muddy prodeltas are often marked by the presence of gas in the upslope location. The growth and migration of bubbles within fine‐grained muddy sediments are associated with sediment fracturing that damages the sediment and changes its effective mechanical properties. The presented theoretical investigation demonstrates by modeling that undulations may be induced by creep deformations downslope from the region with gas presence. Comparison of the dimensions of the modeled undulations with the observed ones suggests that the undulations may be enhanced over time by different processes, e.g., by the different types of the sediment deposition.
Thermo‐economic Optimization of Gas Turbine Power Plant with Details in Intercooler
Authors: Khorasani Nejad Ehsan , Hajabdollahi Farzaneh , Hajabdollahi Zahra , Hajabdollahi Hassan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper a gas turbine power plant with intercooler is modeled and optimized. The intercooler is modeled in details using the ε − NTU method. Air compressor pressure ratio, compressor isentropic efficiency, gas turbine isentropic efficiency, turbine inlet temperature, cooling capacity of the absorption chiller, recuperator effectiveness as well as eight parameters for configuration of the intercooler are selected as design variables. Multi‐objective genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the total cost rate and total cycle efficiency simultaneously. Two plants including an intercooler and with/without air preheater are studied separately. It is observed that the air compressor pressure ratio in the HP compressor is higher than the LP compressor in both cases and its differences are higher for a plant without an air preheater. Actually the air compressor pressure ratio is found to be about 8.5% lower than the ideal value and 9.5% higher than the ideal value in the LP compressor and HP compressor, respectively, in the case with an air preheater. Moreover, a correlation for intercooler pressure drop in terms of its effectiveness was derived in the optimum situation for each case. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 42(8): 704–723, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21051
Observations of late winter Canadian tundra snow cover properties
Authors: Rees Andrew , English Michael , Derksen Chris , Toose Peter , Silis Arvids 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTundra snow cover is important to monitor as it influences local, regional, and global‐scale surface water balance, energy fluxes, as well as ecosystem and permafrost dynamics. Observations are already showing a decrease in spring snow cover duration at high latitudes, but the impact of changing winter season temperature and precipitation on variables such as snow water equivalent (SWE) is less clear. A multi‐year project was initiated in 2004 with the objective to quantify tundra snow cover properties over multiple years at a scale appropriate for comparison with satellite passive microwave remote sensing data and regional climate and hydrological models. Data collected over seven late winter field campaigns (2004 to 2010) show the patterns of snow depth and SWE are strongly influenced by terrain characteristics. Despite the spatial heterogeneity of snow cover, several inter‐annual consistencies were identified. A regional average density of 0.293 g/cm3 was derived and shown to have little difference with individual site densities when deriving SWE from snow depth measurements. The inter‐annual patterns of SWE show that despite variability in meteorological forcing, there were many consistent ratios between the SWE on flat tundra and the SWE on lakes, plateaus, and slopes. A summary of representative inter‐annual snow stratigraphy from different terrain categories is also presented. © 2013 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Hydrological Processes. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review on pharmacological pain management in trauma patients in (pre‐hospital) emergency medicine in the Netherlands
Authors: Dijkstra B.M. , Berben S.A.A. , van Dongen R.T.M. , Schoonhoven L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPain is one of the main complaints of trauma patients in (pre‐hospital) emergency medicine. Significant deficiencies in pain management in emergency medicine have been identified. No evidence‐based protocols or guidelines have been developed so far, addressing effectiveness and safety issues, taking the specific circumstances of pain management of trauma patients in the chain of emergency care into account. The aim of this systematic review was to identify effective and safe initial pharmacological pain interventions, available in the Netherlands, for trauma patients with acute pain in the chain of emergency care. Up to December 2011, a systematic search strategy was performed with MeSH terms and free text words, using the bibliographic databases CINAHL, PubMed and Embase. Methodological quality of the articles was assessed using standardized evaluation forms. Of a total of 2328 studies, 25 relevant studies were identified. Paracetamol (both orally and intravenously) and intravenous opioids (morphine and fentanyl) proved to be effective. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) showed mixed results and are not recommended for use in pre‐hospital ambulance or (helicopter) emergency medical services [(H)EMS]. These results could be used for the development of recommendations on evidence‐based pharmacological pain management and an algorithm to support the provision of adequate (pre‐hospital) pain management. Future studies should address analgesic effectiveness and safety of various drugs in (pre‐hospital) emergency care. Furthermore, potential innovative routes of administration (e.g., intranasal opioids in adults) need further exploration.
Sclerostin Regulates Release of Bone Mineral by Osteocytes by Induction of Carbonic Anhydrase 2
Authors: Kogawa Masakazu , Wijenayaka Asiri R , Ormsby Renee T , Thomas Gethin P , Anderson Paul H , Bonewald Lynda F , Findlay David M , Atkins Gerald J 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

The osteocyte product sclerostin is emerging as an important paracrine regulator of bone mass. It has recently been shown that osteocyte production of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is important in osteoclastic bone resorption, and we reported that exogenous treatment of osteocytes with sclerostin can increase RANKL-mediated osteoclast activity. There is good evidence that osteocytes can themselves liberate mineral from bone in a process known as osteocytic osteolysis. In the current study, we investigated sclerostin-stimulated mineral dissolution by human primary osteocyte-like cells (hOCy) and mouse MLO-Y4 cells. We found that sclerostin upregulated osteocyte expression of carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2/Car2), cathepsin K (CTSK/Ctsk), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (ACP5/Acp5). Because acidification of the extracellular matrix is a critical step in the release of mineral from bone, we further examined the regulation by sclerostin of CA2. Sclerostin stimulated CA2 mRNA and protein expression in hOCy and in MLO-Y4 cells. Sclerostin induced a decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) in both cell types as well as a decrease in extracellular pH (pHo) and the release of calcium ions from mineralized substrate. These effects were reversed in the co-presence of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetozolamide. Car2-siRNA knockdown in MLO-Y4 cells significantly inhibited the ability of sclerostin to both reduce the pHo and release calcium from a mineralized substrate. Knockdown in MLO-Y4 cells of each of the putative sclerostin receptors, Lrp4, Lrp5 and Lrp6, using siRNA, inhibited the sclerostin induction of Car2, Catk and Acp5 mRNA, as well as pHo and calcium release. Consistent with this activity of sclerostin resulting in osteocytic osteolysis, human trabecular bone samples treated ex vivo with recombinant human sclerostin for 7 days exhibited an increased osteocyte lacunar area, an effect that was reversed by the co-addition of acetozolamide. These findings suggest a new role for sclerostin in the regulation of perilacunar mineral by osteocytes. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The variability of the Southeast Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Misra V. , DiNapoli S. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, we focus on the analysis of the climate variability of the Southeastern Asian Summer Monsoon (SEAM) region encompassing Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos and parts of southern China. This region is climatologically found to have one of the longest wet seasons in the Asian monsoon region (of nearly 160 d) and also exhibits one of the strongest interannual variations in the length of the monsoon (wet) season. The interannual variations of the length of the SEAM are characterized by corresponding variations in the onset and demise pentad dates of the wet season, with the former dominating slightly over the latter except over Myanmar. Our study reveals that the pentad of late onset of SEAM is characterized by anomalous increase in remote moisture source from Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea while a substantial decrease of moisture source from the near Andaman Sea and Gulfs of Martaban and Thailand. Furthermore, anomalously strong June–August Somali Jet is found to be associated with earlier than normal onset of the SEAM. Similarly, the pentad of late demise of the SEAM features excess moisture source from the South China Sea associated with a slow eastward withdrawal of the north Pacific subtropical high.We suggest on the basis of the findings of this study that careful monitoring of the onset the SEAM season will provide important information on the evolution of an ongoing SEAM. Likewise observing low level winds over the northern equatorial Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, Gulfs of Martaban and Thailand and South China Sea could be very useful in understanding the seasonal variability of the SEAM. Finally, monitoring of the demise would be equally helpful in characterizing the variation of the concluded SEAM as the length of the wet season seems to be a very robust climate feature of the region. © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Selective formation of diblock copolymers using radical trap‐assisted atom transfer radical coupling
Authors: Butcher William E. , Radzinski Scott C. , Tillman Eric S. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPolystyrene (PSt) radicals and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) radicals, derived from their monobrominated precursors prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), were formed in the presence of the radical trap 2‐methyl‐2‐nitrosopropane (MNP), selectively forming PSt‐PMA diblock copolymers with an alkoxyamine at the junction between the block segments. This radical trap‐assisted, atom transfer radical coupling (RTA‐ATRC) was performed in a single pot at low temperature (35 °C), while analogous traditional ATRC reactions at this temperature, which lacked the radical trap, resulted in no observed coupling and the PStBr and PMABr precursors were simply recovered. Selective formation of the diblock under RTA‐ATRC conditions is consistent with the PStBr and PMABr having substantially different KATRP values, with PSt radicals initially being formed and trapped by the MNP and the PMA radicals being trapped by the in situ‐formed nitroxide end‐capped PSt. The midchain alkoxyamine functionality was confirmed by thermolysis of the diblock copolymer, resulting in recovery of the PSt segment and degradation of the PMA block at the relatively high temperatures (125 °C) required for thermal cleavage. A PSt‐PMA diblock formed by chain extenstion ATRP using PStBr as the macroinitiator (thus lacking the alkoxyamine between the PSt‐PMA segements) was inert to thermolysis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3619–3626
Positron lifetime spectroscopy in ordered nanoporous polymers
Authors: Engbrecht Jason , Green David , Hillmyer Marc A. , Olson David , Todd Eric M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPositron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is a common technique used to characterize the porosity of polymers. Here, we expand its use to the study of ordered nanoporous polymer monoliths. Polystyrene (PS) monoliths with aligned cylindrical pores ranging in diameters from 15 to 35 nm were examined. Such large pores push the boundaries of the PALS technique. To achieve robust measurement, our system used larger detectors than those typically used for monolithic polymer samples. This was done to improve data rates while sacrificing timing resolution. Pore sizes determined using PALS were consistent with measurements made using small angle x‐ray scattering. In addition, PALS was able to detect the collapse of the pores when the monolithic sample was heated above theTgof PS. Because PALS measurements are not sensitive to the nature of the order within the structure nor are they, sensitive to the open or closed nature of the pores this technique could be expanded to a variety of other sample types. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1157–1161
Trajectory of parental hope when a child has difficult‐to‐treat cancer: a prospective qualitative study
Authors: Granek L. , Barrera M. , Shaheed J. , Nicholas D. , Beaune L. , D'Agostino N. , Bouffet E. , Antle B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis prospective and longitudinal study was designed to further our understanding of parental hope when a child is being treated for a malignancy resistant to treatment over three time points during the first year after diagnosis using a qualitative approach to inquiry.MethodsWe prospectively recruited parents of pediatric cancer patients with a poor prognosis who were treated in the Hematology/Oncology Program at a large children's hospital for this longitudinal grounded theory study. Parents were interviewed at three time points: within 3 months of the initial diagnosis, at 6 months, and at 9 months. Data collection and analysis took place concurrently using line‐by‐line coding. Constant comparison was used to examine relationships within and across codes and categories.ResultsTwo overarching categories defining hope as a positive inner source were found across time, but their frequency varied depending on how well the child was doing and disease progression: future‐oriented hope and present‐oriented hope. Under future‐oriented hope, we identified the following: hope for a cure and treatment success, hope for the child's future, hope for a miracle, and hope for more quality time with child. Under present‐oriented hope, we identified hope for day‐to‐day/moment‐to‐moment, hope for no pain and suffering, and hope for no complications.ConclusionsFor parents of children with a diagnosis of cancer with a poor prognosis, hope is an internal resource that can be present and future focused. These views fluctuated over time in response to changes in the child's well‐being and disease progression. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new atmospheric dataset for forcing ice–ocean models: Evaluation of reforecasts using the Canadian global deterministic prediction system
Authors: Smith Gregory C. , Roy François , Mann Philip , Dupont Frédéric , Brasnett Bruce , Lemieux Jean‐François , Laroche Stéphane , Bélair Stéphane 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDespite the availability of several atmospheric reanalyses (e.g. ERA‐Interim) there exists both considerable uncertainty in surface forcing fields for ice/ocean modelling and sensitivity to the choice of product used. Here we introduce a relatively high‐resolution alternative forcing dataset for ice–ocean models derived from the Canadian Meteorological Centre's (CMC) global deterministic prediction system (GDPS). A set of daily 30 h reforecasts is produced using the GDPS 33 km resolution model providing hourly atmospheric forcing fields for the period 2002–2011. The CMC GDPS reforecasts (CGRF) are compared with ERA‐Interim and several observational datasets to evaluate their suitability for forcing ocean models. In particular, the surface temperature, humidity and winds of the CGRF show equivalent biases to those found in ERA‐interim. Moreover, the higher resolution of the CGRF permit a more detailed representation of atmospheric structures and topographic steering, resulting in finer‐scale coastal features and wind‐stress curl. Although the CGRF dataset is not a reanalysis and thus is expected to be less well constrained by available observations, its higher resolution and small bias make it an attractive alternative for forcing ice‐ocean models.
Assume-guarantee synthesis for digital contract signing
Authors: Chatterjee Krishnendu , Raman Vishwanath 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

We study the automatic synthesis of fair non-repudiation protocols, a class of fair exchange protocols, used for digital contract signing. First, we show how to specify the objectives of the participating agents and the trusted third party as path formulas in linear temporal logic and prove that the satisfaction of these objectives imply
fairness
; a property required of fair exchange protocols. We then show that
weak
(
co-operative
)
co-synthesis
and
classical
(
strictly competitive
)
co-synthesis
fail, whereas
assume-guarantee synthesis
(
AGS
) succeeds. We demonstrate the success of AGS as follows: (a) any solution of AGS is
attack-free
; no subset of participants can violate the objectives of the other participants; (b) the Asokan–Shoup–Waidner certified mail protocol that has known vulnerabilities is not a solution of AGS; (c) the Kremer–Markowitch non-repudiation protocol is a solution of AGS; and (d) AGS presents a new and symmetric fair non-repudiation protocol that is attack-free. To our knowledge this is the first application of synthesis to fair non-repudiation protocols, and our results show how synthesis can both automatically discover vulnerabilities in protocols and generate correct protocols. The solution to AGS can be computed efficiently as the secure equilibrium solution of three-player graph games.
Obstetric care for resident immigrant women in Argentina compared with Argentine women
Authors: Vetter Courtney L. , Gibbons Luz , Bonotti Ana , Klein Karen , Belizán José M. , Althabe Fernando 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate inequities in obstetric care in Argentina between women from Argentina and resident immigrants.MethodsA secondary analysis was performed using data generated from a prospective, multicenter, descriptive study conducted in 2008 that assessed perinatal care in 12 public hospitals in the city of Buenos Aires and 70 public hospitals in Buenos Aires Province. In the original study, eligible women answered questions about their obstetric history, sociodemographic characteristics, and prenatal and intrapartum care within 48 hours of delivery. In the present analysis, the associations between nationality and prenatal care, intrapartum care, and perinatal outcome were determined.ResultsThe study included 10 898 women. The sociodemographic characteristics were similar between the groups, although the proportion of adolescents was higher among Argentines than among immigrants (20.1% versus 12.5%), whereas immigrant women were less educated (30.7% of the immigrant women reported 0–6 years of education compared with 7.3% of Argentines). Likewise, there were few differences in obstetric care during pregnancy and delivery, and the pregnancy outcomes were also similar between the groups.ConclusionThere were few clinically significant differences in medical care between Argentine women and resident immigrant women during the prepartum and intrapartum periods.