bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of water mass transformation and formation rates in a high‐resolution GCM of the North Pacific
Authors: Nishikawa S. , Tsujino H. , Sakamoto K. , Nakano H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe studied the relationship between assessments of water mass formation estimated by thermodynamic and kinematic methods by applying both methods to the Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) and Central Mode Water (CMW) formation regions of the North Pacific. We used long‐term outputs of a high‐resolution general circulation model under climatological normal year forcings to calculate the water mass transformation rate and its density derivative (the net formation rate) and to examine the roles of mixing, shortwave penetration, and mesoscale eddies. Diagnosis of the thermodynamic relationship indicated that the transformation rate associated with surface density flux largely explained the net transformation rate. The difference of these rates, the total mixing effect, was relatively small compared with previous estimates. Explicit and implicit mixing largely explained the total mixing effect. Diagnosis of the kinematic relationship indicated that the annual subduction rate could be calculated from the net transformation rate and the open boundary volume flux over the analysis region. Comparison of both methods implied that the source of subducted STMW was determined mainly by the transformation associated with surface density flux, but this conclusion was not true for CMW. The modeled effects of internal mixing and volume flux from the north (Oyashio Current) also became important in the formation of CMW. Omission of shortwave penetration led to an error in the air‐sea transformation and formation rates in the STMW and CMW regions. We also found the important roles of mesoscale eddies in the transformation and formation of mode waters.
Overview of Inland Recreational Fisheries in Brazil
Authors: Freire Kátia M F , Machado Michel L , Crepaldi Daniel 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
This article presents a general overview of recreational fisheries in Brazil, with emphasis on inland fisheries; reports their current needs; and provides directions for future work considering that there is an apparent increase in recreational fishing in emerging economies around the globe. Even though there is no nationwide survey to identify the profile of all Brazilian recreational fishers, some insights can be obtained from competitive fishing events and from the questionnaire printed on the back of fishing licenses. The number of fishing licenses issued in 2010 was approximately 220,000, representing an increase of 220% compared to 2000. Some estimates suggest that the number of recreational fishers in Brazil may be around 10 million. Information on fishing expenses, catch-and-release activities, fishing guides, lodging, fishing areas, target species, management control, and fishing clubs and associations is presented. Data for basic estimates such as total number of recreational fishers, total catch and species composition, and total economic value are unavailable, but the results presented here are nevertheless essential for a long-term planning of the development of recreational fishing in Brazil. Other requirements are presented and suggestions are made toward improved management of recreational fisheries in Brazil and other emerging economies.
RESUMEN
Este trabajo presenta un panorama de las pesquerías recreativas de Brasil, con énfasis en las pesquerías continentales; se muestran las tendencias actuales y se ofrecen directrices para investigaciones futuras, considerando que aparentemente hay un incremento de las pesquerías recreativas en las economías emergentes al-rededor del mundo. A pesar de que no existe un sondeo del perfil de todas las pesquerías recreativas en Brasil, es posible obtener información a partir de torneos de pesca y cuestionarios impresos en el reverso de los permisos de pesca. El número de permisos de pesca emitidos en 2010 fue de aproximadamente 220,000, lo que representa un incremento del 220% con respecto al año 2000. Algunas estimaciones indican que el número de pescadores recreativos en Brasil está por los diez millones. Así mismo, se presenta información concerniente a los gastos de la pesca, actividades de captura-liberación, guías de pesca, áreas de pesca, especies objetivos, aspectos de manejo y clubes y asociaciones de pesca. Pese a que los datos para estimar el número de pescadores recreativos, la captura total, la composición de especies y su valor total no están disponibles, los resultados que aquí se presentan son esenciales para la planeación y el desarrollo en el largo plazo de la pesquería recreativa en Brasil. Se presentan además, otros requisitos y sugerencias para mejorar el manejo de las pesquerías recreativas en Brasil y en otras economías emergentes.
Management of Alewife Using Pacific Salmon in the Great Lakes: Whether to Manage for Economics or the Ecosystem?
Authors: Dettmers John M , Goddard Christopher I , Smith Kelley D 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
The combined destructive effects of overfishing, habitat destruction, and invasive species, especially alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) led to the loss of the native top predator lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from most of the Great Lakes by 1960. Alewife populations then exploded, creating nuisance die-offs. Public demands for action, coupled with control of sea lamprey, allowed fishery managers to consider stocking Pacific salmon to control alewife and establish a recreational fishery. This effort was successful, reducing alewife numbers and creating a recreational fishery that is estimated at $7 billion annually. This fishery management regime may no longer be viable as new invasive species continue to alter the ecosystem. Fishery managers face an interesting dilemma: whether to manage in the short term for a popular and economically important sport fishery or to embrace ecosystem change and manage primarily for native fish species that appear to be better suited to ongoing ecosystem changes. Such dilemmas occur in great lakes around the world as fishery managers seek to balance economic pressure with changes in their respective ecosystems, often brought about by invasive species.
RESUMEN
Los efectos nocivos combinados de la sobrepesca, la destrucción del hábitat y la introducción de especies invasoras, particularmente la alosa (Alosa pseudoharengus) y la lamprea marina (Petromyzon marinus) dio como resultado la pérdida de depredadores nativos de los grandes lagos en 1960, como la trucha (Salvelinus namaycush). Poco después, hubo una explosión de las po-blaciones de alosa, causando mortalidades indeseables. La demanda pública por acciones de manejo y el control de la lamprea marina, orillaron los manejadores a considerar la estabulación del salmón del Pacífico como medio para controlar a la alosa y establecer al mismo tiempo una pesquería recreativa. Este esfuerzo rindió frutos, los números poblacionales de la alosa se redujeron y se creó una pesquería que produce $7,000 millones de dólares al año. Este régimen de manejo de la pesquería puede ya no ser viable dado que nuevas especies invasoras continúan alterando el ecosistema. Los manejadores se enfrentan a un dilema interesante: hacer manejo en el corto plazo en pro de una pesquería deportiva económicamente importante, o aceptar el cambio en el ecosistema y dirigir el manejo a las especies nativas de peces que parecen adaptarse mejor a los cambios. Tal dilema también se observa en otros grandes lagos del mundo, a medida que los manejadores buscan balancear la presión económica y los cambios en los respectivos ecosistemas, los cuales suelen ser producto de la introducción de especies invasoras.
The effect of continuous bite jumping on the dentofacial complex: a follow-up study after Herbst appliance treatment of Class II malocclusions
Authors: Pancherz Hans 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The effect of continuous bite jumping on the dentofacial complex was investigated in ten consecutive Class II, Division 1 malocclusion cases treated with the Herbst appliance. All patients were growing boys with a skeletal Class II jaw base relationship. Ten boys of the same age and with the same dentofacial morphology served as a control group.
Dental casts and profile roentgenograms were analysed before treatment, after six months of treatment when the appliance was removed and six and twelve months post-treatment.
All Class II malocclusions were treated successfully by continuous bite jumping. Twelve months post-treatment normal sagittal dental arch relationships were found in 7 cases, while partial relapse was seen in 3 cases, resulting from unstable cuspal interdigitations after treatment.
Sagittal mandibular growth was accelerated by continuous bite jumping. During treatment mandibular length and the SNB angle increased significantly more than in the control group. No adverse changes in sagittal mandibular growth were seen during the 12 months after treatment.
The influence of bite jumping on maxillary growth appeared to be reversible. Maxillary prognathism (SNA angle) was significantly reduced during treatment but during the follow-up period maxillary growth caught up and the SNA angle returned almost to pretreatment values.
Association of water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency with photosynthetic characteristics of two wheat cultivars
Authors: van den Boogaard Riki , Kostadinova Svetla , Veneklaas Erik , Lambers Hans 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We examined if higher plant water use efficiency is related to a higher investment of nitrogen in components of the photosynthetic apparatus and if this is associated with a less efficient use of nitrogen for photosynthesis or for growth. We also assessed the influence of a reduced supply of water and nitrogen on these relationships. For this purpose we used two Triticum aestivum cultivars, differing in whole plant water use efficiency.
Differences in leaf water use efficiency (A/E) between cultivars or treatments were associated with differences in Rubisco activity or rate of electron transport and, in general, with differences in plant water use efficiency. They were not invariably related to a low photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). A high A/E was associated with a low PNUE, e.g. when we compared cultivars at high irradiance. In this case, a high A/E and a high leaf nitrogen concentration were associated with a low stornatal conductance and an equal rate of photosynthesis. A high A/E was not associated with a low PNUE when differences in A/E were mainly caused by higher rates of photosynthesis associated with higher nitrogen concentrations, e.g. when we compared cultivars at low irradiance and high water and nitrogen supply. An increase in the proportion of total leaf nitrogen associated with the photosynthetic apparatus at low soil-nitrogen increased PNUE, without affecting A/E in the opposite way. We conclude that whole plant nitrogen use efficiency was low for the cultivars with a high plant water use efficiency.
Genotypic Variation in Nutritional Composition of Buckwheat Groats and Husks
Authors: Lu Lu , Murphy Kevin , Baik Byung‐Kee 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTBuckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), a highly nutritious pseudocereal rich in bioactive compounds, is principally cultivated in central and eastern European countries. Buckwheat groats and husks of 10 cultivars were subjected to nutritional composition analysis and in vitro starch digestibility determination. Significant genetic variation was detected in buckwheat groats for 1,000‐kernel weight (16.5–39.8 g), protein content (10.2–17.9%), soluble dietary fiber (1.4–3.4%), insoluble dietary fiber (2.3–8.6%), total dietary fiber (3.6–10.6%), free phenolics (4.5–17.1 mg of gallic acid equivalent [GA]/g), and total phenolics content (6.8–20.7 mg of GA/g). The buckwheat husks exhibited large differences between cultivars in protein content (3.0–6.5%), bound phenolics (6.7–26.1 mg of GA/g), and total phenolics content (32.4–58.6 mg of GA/g), which was 1.5–8 times higher than in the groat. Cooked and cooled buckwheat groats exhibited lower starch digestibility and greater resistant starch content than raw buckwheat groats. Buckwheat cultivars with unique nutritional composition, such as Co901 and Ta‐1, were identified for future breeding.
Molecular Characterization of the Fatty Alcohol Oxidation Pathway for Wax-Ester Mobilization in Germinated Jojoba Seeds
Authors: Rajangam Alex S. , Gidda Satinder K. , Craddock Christian , Mullen Robert T. , Dyer John M. , Eastmond Peter J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is the only plant species known to use liquid wax esters (WEs) as a primary seed storage reserve. Upon germination, WE hydrolysis releases very-long-chain fatty alcohols, which must be oxidized to fatty acids by the sequential action of a fatty alcohol oxidase (FAO) and a fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FADH) before they can be β-oxidized. Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of genes for each of these two activities. Jojoba FAO and FADH are 52% and 68% identical to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) FAO3 and ALDH3H1, respectively. The genes are expressed most strongly in the cotyledons of jojoba seedlings following germination, but transcripts can also be detected in vegetative tissues. Proteomic analysis indicated that the FAO and FADH proteins can be detected on wax bodies, but they localized to the endoplasmic reticulum when they were expressed as amino-terminal green fluorescent protein fusions in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves. Recombinant jojoba FAO and FADH proteins are active on very-long-chain fatty alcohol and fatty aldehyde substrates, respectively, and have biochemical properties consistent with those previously reported in jojoba cotyledons. Coexpression of jojoba FAO and FADH in Arabidopsis enhanced the in vivo rate of fatty alcohol oxidation more than 4-fold. Taken together, our data suggest that jojoba FAO and FADH constitute the very-long-chain fatty alcohol oxidation pathway that is likely to be necessary for efficient WE mobilization following seed germination.
A Novel Image‐based Tool to Reunite Children With Their Families After Disasters
Authors: Chung Sarita , Mario Christoudias C. , Darrell Trevor , Ziniel Sonja I. , Kalish Leslie A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectivesReuniting children with their families after a disaster poses unique challenges. The objective was to pilot test the ability of a novel image‐based tool to assist a parent in identifying a picture of his or her children.MethodsA previously developed image‐based indexing and retrieval tool that employs two advanced vision search algorithms was used. One algorithm, Feature‐Attribute‐Matching, extracts facial features (skin color, eye color, and age) of a photograph and then matches according to parental input. The other algorithm, User‐Feedback, allows parents to choose children on the screen that appear similar to theirs and then reprioritizes the images in the database. This was piloted in a convenience sample of parent–child pairs in a pediatric tertiary care hospital. A photograph of each participating child was added to a preexisting image database. A double‐blind randomized crossover trial was performed to measure the percentage of database reviewed and time using the Feature‐Attribute‐Matching‐plus‐User‐Feedback strategy or User‐Feedback strategy only. Search results were compared to a theoretical random search. Afterward, parents completed a survey evaluating satisfaction.ResultsFifty‐one parent–child pairs completed the study. The Feature‐Attribute‐Matching‐plus‐User‐Feedback strategy was superior to the User‐Feedback strategy in decreasing the percentage of database reviewed (mean ± SD = 24.1 ± 20.1% vs. 35.6 ± 27.2%; mean difference = −11.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −21.5% to −1.4%; p = 0.03). Both were superior to the random search (p < 0.001). Time for both searches was similar despite fewer images reviewed in the Feature‐Attribute‐Matching‐plus‐User‐Feedback strategy. Sixty‐eight percent of parents were satisfied with the search and 87% felt that this tool would be very or extremely helpful in a disaster.ConclusionsThis novel image‐based reunification system reduced the number of images reviewed before parents identified their children. This technology could be further developed to assist future family reunifications in a disaster.
Hyperlactatemia Affects the Association of Hyperglycemia with Mortality in Nondiabetic Adults With Sepsis
Authors: Green Jeffrey P. , Berger Tony , Garg Nidhi , Horeczko Timothy , Suarez Alison , Radeos Michael S. , Hagar Yolanda , Panacek Edward A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundAdmission hyperglycemia has been reported as a mortality risk factor for septic nondiabetic patients; however, hyperglycemia's known association with hyperlactatemia was not addressed in these analyses.ObjectivesThe objective was to determine whether the association of hyperglycemia with mortality remains significant when adjusted for concurrent hyperlactatemia.MethodsThis was a post hoc, nested analysis of a retrospective cohort study performed at a single center. Providers had identified study subjects during their emergency department (ED) encounters; all data were collected from the electronic medical record (EMR). Nondiabetic adult ED patients hospitalized for suspected infection, two or more systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, and simultaneous lactate and glucose testing in the ED were enrolled. The setting was the ED of an urban teaching hospital from 2007 to 2009. To evaluate the association of hyperglycemia (glucose > 200 mg/dL) with hyperlactatemia (lactate ≥ 4.0 mmol/L), a logistic regression model was created. The outcome was a diagnosis of hyperlactatemia, and the primary variable of interest was hyperglycemia. A second model was created to determine if coexisting hyperlactatemia affects hyperglycemia's association with mortality; the main outcome was 28‐day mortality, and the primary risk variable was hyperglycemia with an interaction term for simultaneous hyperlactatemia. Both models were adjusted for demographics; comorbidities; presenting infectious source; and objective evidence of renal, respiratory, hematologic, or cardiovascular dysfunction.ResultsA total of 1,236 ED patients were included, and the median age was 77 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 60 to 87 years). A total of 115 (9.3%) subjects were hyperglycemic, 162 (13%) were hyperlactatemic, and 214 (17%) died within 28 days of their initial ED visits. After adjustment, hyperglycemia was significantly associated with simultaneous hyperlactatemia (odds ratio [OR] = 4.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.65 to 6.45). Hyperglycemia and concurrent hyperlactatemia were associated with increased mortality risk (OR = 3.96, 95% CI = 2.01 to 7.79), but hyperglycemia in the absence of simultaneous hyperlactatemia was not (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.39 to 1.57).ConclusionsIn this cohort of septic adult nondiabetic patients, mortality risk did not increase with hyperglycemia unless associated with simultaneous hyperlactatemia. The previously reported association of hyperglycemia with mortality in nondiabetic sepsis may be due to the association of hyperglycemia with hyperlactatemia.
Trapping Old World screw‐worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in Papua New Guinea including the coastal border with Torres Strait
Authors: Spradbery Philip , Tozer Robert S 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTrapping of Old World screw‐worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Calliphoridae), using a single sticky trap baited with swormlure was undertaken at 20 locations along the southern coastline of Papua New Guinea bordering the Torres Strait on two occasions in 1981. The traps were operated for 6.5 and 12.5 days, respectively, with total trap catches of 9 male and 95 female screw‐worm fly. The mean daily trap catches were 0.23 and 0.30 C. bezziana flies for the two occasions despite nine of the trap locations failing to detect any screw‐worm flies. The results of screw‐worm fly trapping and/or sentinel cattle studies in several other locations in Papua New Guinea are also presented for comparison, with mean fly trap catches ranging from 0.04 to 0.23 and egg masses from 0.55 to 1.12 per sentinel per day. Comparisons with similar studies in Malaysia indicate that the C. bezziana populations along the Torres Strait border are relatively high with serious biosecurity implications for Australia.
Use of heated humidified high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen in neonates: a UK wide survey
Authors: Ojha Shalini , Gridley Eleanor , Dorling Jon 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimHeated humidified high‐flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) oxygen is a relatively new form of respiratory support and is increasing in popularity despite lack of supportive evidence and amid safety concerns. We investigated the prevalence of its use in tertiary neonatal units in the UK.MethodElectronic survey.ResultsA total of 57 units were contacted and replies received from 44 (77%). HHHFNC was used in 34/44 (77%) units. Vapotherm 2000i and Fisher and Paykel RT329 were the most popular devices. 39% units used HHHFNC without policies. Most reported use in infants of any gestation (24/34, 71%) and weight (26/34, 77%) and for a variety of indications including as an alternative to CPAP (26/34, 77%), weaning off CPAP (24/34, 71%) and postextubation (18/34, 53%). The flow rates, cannula size and mouth position varied widely. The popularity of HHHFNC appeared to be its perceived ease of use and improved access to the baby.ConclusionThis survey demonstrates that HHHFNC is a widely used modality in UK neonatal units. Its current use appears to be without clear criteria and mostly based on individual preference. In view of doubts about its efficacy and concerns regarding safety, this study highlights the urgent need for research to evaluate its use in newborns.
Prolactin insufficiency but normal thyroid hormone levels after cranial radiotherapy in long‐term survivors of childhood leukaemia
Authors: Follin Cecilia , Link Katarina , Wiebe Thomas , Moëll Christian , Björk Jonas , Erfurth Eva Marie 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundAcute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients treated with cranial radiotherapy (CRT) have an increased risk of GH deficiency (GHD). Little is known about insufficiencies of prolactin (PRL) and TSH, but also lactation failure has been reported in this population.ObjectiveTo study the long‐term outcome of CRT on PRL and thyroid hormone levels in GHD ALL patients and the prevalence of lactation failure.DesignCase–control study.PatientsWe examined 40 GHD and 4 GH insufficient ALL patients, in median 20 years (range: 8–27) after ALL diagnosis and 44 matched population controls.MeasurementsPRL secretion (area under the curve; AUC) after GHRH‐arginine test in all patients and matched controls, and PRL and TSH AUC after a TRH‐test in 13 patients and 13 controls. And basal PRL and thyroid hormone levels after 5 years with GH therapy and 8 years without GH therapy.ResultsCompared with controls, ALL patients had significantly lower basal and AUC PRL after GHRH‐Arginine (P = 0·03, P = 0·02), and AUC PRL after TRH (P = 0·001). After 5 and 8 years, PRL levels decreased further (P = 0·01, P = 0·03), but thyroid hormones remained normal at baseline and at follow‐up. PRL insufficiency was significantly associated with increased levels of BMI and insulin. Six out of seven pregnant ALL women reported lactation failure.ConclusionsLong‐term ALL survivors treated with CRT have GHD and PRL insufficiency, and a high prevalence of lactation failure, but thyroid hormones remained normal. PRL insufficiency was associated with cardiovascular risk.