bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates and variance decomposition analysis of heparin dosing for maintenance hemodialysis in older US patients
Authors: Shen Jenny I. , Montez‐Rath Maria E. , Mitani Aya A. , Erickson Kevin F. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeHeparin is commonly used to anticoagulate the hemodialysis (HD) circuit. Despite the bleeding risk, no American standards exist for its administration. We identified correlates and quantified sources of variance in heparin dosing for HD.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of patients aged 67 years or older who underwent HD with heparin on one of two randomly chosen days in 2008 at a national chain of dialysis facilities. Using a mixed effects model with random intercept for facility and fixed patient and facility characteristics, we examined heparin dosing at patient and facility levels.ResultsThe median heparin dose among the 17 722 patients treated in 1366 facilities was 4000 (25th–75th percentile: 2625–6000) units. In multivariable‐adjusted analyses, higher weight, longer session duration, catheter use, and dialyzer reuse were significantly associated with higher heparin dose. Dose also varied considerably among census divisions. Of the overall variance in dose, 21% was due to between‐facility differences, independent of facilities' case mix, geography, size, or rurality; 79% was due to differences at the patient level. The patient and facility characteristics in our model explained only 25% of the variance at the patient level.ConclusionsDespite the lack of standards for heparin administration, we noted patterns of use, including weight‐based and time‐dependent dosing. Most of the variance was at the patient level; however, only a quarter of it could be explained. The high amount of unexplained variance suggests that factors other than clinical need are driving heparin dosing and that there is likely room for more judicious dosing of heparin. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of selected reaction monitoring peptide transitions via multiplexed product‐ion scan modes
Authors: Cho Byoung‐Kyu , Koo Young Do , Kim Kyunggon , Kang Min Jueng , Lee Yong Yook , Kim Youngsoo , Park Kyung Soo , Kim Kwang Pyo , Yi Eugene C. 
Published: February 2014

RATIONALEAlthough in silico prediction of selected reaction monitoring (SRM) peptide transitions is the most commonly used approach in quantitative proteomics, systematically detectable peptide transitions selected from actual experimental data are desirable. Here, we demonstrated the use of two triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ‐MS) operation modes to identify reliable SRM peptide transitions of target peptides selected from a shotgun proteomic linear ion‐trap mass spectrometry (LIT‐MS) profiling dataset.METHODSTransition ions (Q1 and Q3 ions) of target peptides were selected from the LIT MS/MS spectra. We performed multiplexed SRM blindly for the selected transition ions of target peptides using QqQ‐MS and selected peptide transitions for which the chromatographically aligned and correlated ion intensities to the corresponding fragment ions appeared in the LIT MS/MS spectra. The identities of the peptides were further confirmed by MS/MS spectra acquired via SRM‐triggered MS/MS on QqQ‐MS.RESULTSDespite the different MS platforms, we observed similar MS/MS patterns and relative ion abundance using both LIT‐MS and QqQ‐MS. Therefore, we were able to determine peptide transitions based on matching the chromatographic peak areas of all the selected Q3 ions of target peptides by the order of the corresponding ion intensities in the LIT MS/MS spectra. This approach demonstrated an efficient method to determine SRM peptide transitions, particularly when the target proteins are in low abundance and are therefore not easily detected by the QqQ full MS/MS scan mode. We employed this approach to determine the SRM peptide transitions of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins involved in mitochondrial ATP synthesis.CONCLUSIONSThe multiplexed product‐ion scan mode using QqQ‐MS generates systematically detectable peptide transitions in a single liquid chromatography/MS run, in which we were able to identify SRM peptides that represent known target proteins in complex biological samples. The method presented here is easy to implement and has high‐throughput capabilities as a result of the short analysis time. It is therefore well suited for the design of optimal SRM experiments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective anti‐Selective Hydrogenation of α‐Amino‐β‐keto Ester Hydrochlorides and Related Compounds Using Transition‐Metal–Chiral‐Bisphosphine Catalysts
Authors: Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis review describes our recent works on the diastereo‐ and enantioselective synthesis of anti‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acid esters using transition‐metal–chiral‐bisphosphine catalysts. A variety of transition metals, namely ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh),iridium (Ir), and nickel (Ni), in combination with chiral bisphosphines, worked well as catalysts for the direct anti‐selective asymmetric hydrogenation of α‐amino‐β‐keto ester hydrochlorides, yielding anti‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acid esters via dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) in excellent yields and diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. The Ru‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α‐amino‐β‐ketoesters via DKR is the first example of generating anti‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acids. Complexes of iridium and axially chiral bisphosphines catalyze an efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of α‐amino‐β‐keto ester hydrochlorides via dynamic kinetic resolution. A homogeneous Ni–chiral‐bisphosphine complex also catalyzes an efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of α‐amino‐β‐keto ester hydrochlorides in an anti‐selective manner. As a related process, the asymmetric hydrogenation of the configurationally stable substituted α‐aminoketones using a Ni catalyst via DKR is also described.
Postmortem microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) of small fetuses and hearts
Authors: Lombardi C. M. , Zambelli V. , Botta G. , Moltrasio F. , Cattoretti G. , Lucchini V. , Fesslova V. , Cuttin M. S. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and utility of contrast‐enhanced microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) for identifying structural anomalies in ex‐vivo first‐ and second‐trimester human fetuses and isolated fetal hearts.MethodsRadiopaque iodine staining and micro‐CT scanning protocols were first developed in rodent studies and then used to examine routinely fixed whole human fetuses (n = 7, weight 0.1–90 g, gestational age, 7–17 weeks) and isolated fetal hearts (n = 14, weight 0.1–5.2 g, gestational age, 11–22 weeks). Samples were scanned using an isotropic resolution of 18 (and, if necessary, 9 or 35) µm and findings were interpreted jointly by four fetal pathologists, a fetal cardiologist and a radiologist. Samples with gestational ages ≥ 13 weeks also underwent conventional autopsy or dissection.ResultsMicro‐CT identified all anatomical structures and abnormalities documented by the macroscopic examination. In all seven cases involving fetuses ≤ 13 weeks (four fetuses, three isolated hearts), micro‐CT excluded the presence of structural anomalies. In the remaining 14 cases, it provided all the information obtained with invasive autopsy or dissection and in seven of the 14 (two fetuses, five isolated hearts) it furnished additional diagnostic details.ConclusionsThis pilot study confirms the feasibility of postmortem contrast‐enhanced micro‐CT assessment of structural anomalies in whole small fetuses and fetal hearts. Further study is needed to confirm our findings, particularly in whole fetuses, and to define the extent to which this virtual examination might be used instead of conventional invasive autopsy. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Enhancement of microbial hydroxylation of 13-ethyl-gon-4-ene-3,17-dione by Metarhizium anisopliae using nano-liposome technique
Authors: Feng Meiqing , Liao Ziwei , Han Lei , Li Jiyang , Ye Li 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The introduction of 11α-hydroxy to 13-ethyl-gon-4-ene-3,17-dione (GD) by microbial transformation is a key step in the synthesis of oral contraceptive desogestrel, while low substrate solubility and uptake into cells are tough problems influencing biotransformation efficiency greatly. Nano-liposome technique was used in the hydroxylation of GD by Metarhizium anisopliae. The substrate GD was processed to be GD-loaded nano-liposomes (GNLs) with high stability and encapsulation efficiency, and then applied in microbial hydroxylation by M. anisopliae. The results proved that the yield of the main product 11α-hydroxy-13-ethyl-gon-4-ene-3,17-dione (HGD) tripled compared to regular solvent dimethylformamide dispersion method at 2 g/l of substrate feeding concentration, and the HGD conversion rate showed no obvious reduction when the substrate feeding concentration increased from 2 to 6 g/l, which indicated the improvement of GNL addition method on biotransformation. Furthermore, the main byproduct changed from 6β-hydroxy derivative of GD (with similar polarity to HGD) to 6β,11α-dihydroxy derivative, which benefits the following purification of HGD from fermentation broth. These advantages suggest a great potential for the application of nano-liposome technique in microbial steroid transformation.
First Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty with Ligamentous Reconstruction: A Long-Term Follow-up
Authors: Yaffe Mark A. , Butler Bennet , Saucedo James M. , Nagle Daniel J. 
Published: February 2014

Background The purpose of the present study is to evaluate a single surgeon's short, intermediate, and long-term clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes with a trapeziectomy with flexor carpi radialis (FCR) suspension arthroplasty without tendon interposition (LRSA). Methods Twenty-one patients underwent 26 FCR suspension arthroplasties without tendon interposition by a single senior surgeon. All patients had Eaton stage III and IV carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis. The Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) and Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) were used to evaluate functional outcomes. A comprehensive strength and range of motion evaluation was performed to evaluate clinical outcomes. Plain radiographs at rest and with maximal pinch were performed to evaluate for arthroplasty space subsidence. Results The LRSA exhibited consistent clinical and functional outcomes throughout postoperative follow-up. As the average patient age and time from surgery increased, range of motion (ROM) and PRWHE scores stayed relatively constant, while lateral tip and tip pinch strength deteriorated with time. The LRSA prevented the proximal migration of the first metacarpal in all but one patient. No patients required revision arthroplasty following LRSA. Conclusions This study demonstrates the consistent short, intermediate, and long-term clinical, functional, and ***radiographic outcomes following a trapeziectomy with FCR suspension arthroplasty.
Analysis of Cyanolipids from Sapindaceae Seed Oils by Gas Chromatography–EI‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tava Aldo , Avato Pinarosa 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAs a continuation of our investigation on unusual lipids, in the present work we describe a method based on GC–FID and GC–EI‐MS to analyze the molecular composition of intact cyanolipids (CL) from selected Sapindaceae plants. We applied our method to the study of CL of type I (1‐cyano‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐prop‐2‐en‐1‐ol‐diester) from Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis and Allophylus dregeanus and CL type III (1‐cyano‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐prop‐1‐en‐3‐ol‐diester) from A.natalensis and Nephelium lappaceum. Our analytical approach allowed us to obtain useful mass spectra to identify individual isomeric molecular species composing the CL mixtures and resulted in the very sensitive detection and identification of minor CL. Defined CL mass spectra resulted in suitable detection of these phytochemicals in complex plant oil mixtures containing acylglycerols. To the best of our knowledge GC–EI‐MS spectra of cyanolipids have never been reported before. Moreover, this study improved previous knowledge of the lipid chemistry of Sapindaceae plants.
Strongyloides stercoralislarvae excretion patterns before and after treatment
Authors: SCHÄR F. , HATTENDORF J. , KHIEU V. , MUTH S. , CHAR M. C. , MARTI H. P. , ODERMATT P. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThe variability of larval excretion impedes the parasitological diagnosis ofStrongyloides stercoralisin infected individuals. We assessed the number of larvae excreted per gram (LPG) stool in 219 samples from 38 infected individuals over 7 consecutive days before and in 470 samples from 44 persons for 21 consecutive days after ivermectin treatment (200 μg kg−1BW). The diagnostic sensitivity of a single stool sample was about 75% for individuals with low-intensity infections (⩽1 LPG) and increased to 95% for those with high-intensity infections (⩾10 LPG). Doubling the number of samples examined per person increased sensitivity to more than 95%, even for low-intensity infections. There was no indication of a cyclic excretion of larvae. After treatment, all individuals stopped excreting larvae within 3 days. Larvae were not detected during any of the following 18 days (total 388 Baermann and 388 Koga Agar tests). Two stool samples, collected on consecutive days, are recommended in settings where low or heterogeneous infection intensities are likely. In this way, taking into account the possible biological variability in excretion, the efficacy of ivermectin treatment can be assessed as soon as 4 days after treatment.
Cairnpapple Revisited: 1948–1998
Authors: Barclay Gordon J. 
Published: February 2014

It is 50 years since Stuart Piggott excavated the prehistoric complex at Cairnpapple. At that time there were few excavated parallels in Scotland, and interpretation inevitably relied heavily on sites excavated in southern Britain. Much more locally relevant data are now available and the sequence at Cairnpapple can now be reassessed its regional context.Piggott identified five Periods, commencing with a stone setting, ‘cove’ and cremation cemetery of ‘Late Neolithic date’ around ‘c. 2500 B.C.’. Period II was a henge monument, consisting of a ‘circle’ of standing stones with ceremonial burials in association, and an encircling ditch with external bank – ‘Of Beaker date, probably c. 1700 B.C.’ Period III comprised the primary cairn, containing two cist-burials ‘Of Middle Bronze Age date, probably c. 1500 B.C.’ Period IV involved the doubling of the size of the cairn, with two cremated burials in inverted cinerary urns. ‘Of final Middle Bronze Age or native Late Bronze Age date, probably c. 1000 B.C.’ Period V comprised four graves ‘possibly Early Iron Age within the first couple of centuries A.D.’The present paper, using comparable material from elsewhere in Scotland, argues for a revised phasing: Phase 1, comprises the deposition of earlier Neolithic plain bowl sherds and axehead fragments with a series of hearths. This is comparable to ‘structured deposition’ noted on other sites of this period. Phase 2 involved the construction of the henge – a setting of 24 uprights – probably of timber rather than stone, probably followed by the encircling henge ditch and bank. The ‘cove’ is discussed in the context of comparable features in Scotland. Phase 3 saw the construction of a series of graves, including the monumental ‘North Grave’, which was probably encased in a cairn. Piggott's ‘Period III’ cairn was then built, followed by the ‘Period IV’ cairn. The urn burials seem likely to have been inserted into the surface of this mound, which may have covered a burial (since disturbed) on the top of the Period III mound, or may have been a deliberate monumentalising of it. The four graves identified as Iron Age by Piggott seem more likely to be from the early Christian period.The reassessment of Piggott's report emphasises the value of the writing of a clear, and sufficiently detailed account. While no report can be wholly objective it can be seen that Piggott's striving for objectivity led him to write a paper that is of lasting value.
A Late Iron Age Burial from Chilham Castle, near Canterbury, Kent
Authors: Parfitt Keith 
Published: February 2014

During the spring of 1993 Mr Darren Nichols was searching land near Canterbury with his new metal detector when he made a most interesting discovery. At a shallow depth he unearthed a burial, containing a decorated bronze mirror, a bronze brooch, and the remains of a pot holding cremated bone. The mirror was subsequently identified as being of Iron Age date, bearing a characteristic engraved Celtic design on its reverse. Realising the importance of the find, Mr Nichols reported the discovery to local archaeologists who were able to visit the site and re-excavate the find-spot. These investigations produced a second brooch and further sherds from the very fragmented cinerary urn.In July 1994 the metalwork from the burial was passed to Dr Ian Stead of the British Museum for detailed study and recording. A year later the finder sold the mirror and brooches at a Sotheby's auction (Sale LN5398, Lot 3) to a private collector, who has very kindly agreed to details of the objects being published here.
Two Previously Unrecorded Jadeite Axeheads from North-east Scotland
Authors: Curtis Neil G.W. 
Published: February 2014

The collections of Marischal Museum, University of Aberdeen include three jadeite axeheads (Fig. 1) which probably come from prehistoric Scottish contexts. This short note aims to bring them to the attention of others interested in these spectacular objects, in the hope that further work will help their place in Scottish prehistory to be better understood.One of the axeheads (ABDUA:39404) has already been published (Murray, 1994, 104; Batey & King 1994, 25) and has been allocated number 107 by Murray (op. cit.) in the scheme set out by Joneset al. (1977). Under the Treasure Trove procedure it was allocated to Marischal Museum in 1994. The other two axeheads were only recognised after the acquisition of this specimen. One of these (ABDUA: 37080) was given to the museum by Sir Alexander Ogston in 1928. Previously it was in the collection of Dr Garden of Alford, having been found in the parish of Strathdon, Aberdeenshire. Since its discovery, this axehead has been hafted, probably by Ogston who presented nine other prehistoric implements with modern hafts to the museum.
Stone Axe-head Manufacture: New Evidence from the Preseli Hills, West Wales
Authors: David A. , Williams G. , Jenkins David , Rigby Ian , Williams-Thorpe Olwen 
Published: February 2014

Fieldwork by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust during 1989–92 has identified clear evidence for the manufacture of stone axeheads at two locations on the eastern flanks of the Preseli Mountains, Dyfed: at Glyn-y-Fran, Llanfyrnach (SN 186 307) and near Glandy Cross (SN 143 266). At both sites, small quantities of lithic debris were collected from field surfaces after cultivation; unfortunately, no contemporaneous features were found by subsequent, very limited, trial trenching. In this report we describe the fieldwork at these two sites, and the resulting lithic collection, concluding that the latter represents evidence for small-scale and opportunistic exploitation of locally abundant erratics during the Neolithic. The Glandy Cross area was later a focus for the construction of ritual monuments during the Bronze Age, and there is also some evidence for continuing activity at Glyn-y-Fran at this time.Petrological thin section analysis of some of the artefacts is reported and demonstrates a probable identity with petrological Group VIII; geochemical analysis of some of the same artefacts places the likely geological origin of these at local igneous exposures also in the Preselis. These conclusions are reviewed in the light of current discussion on the usage and origins of raw materials in later prehistory.
The Social Context for European Palaeolithic Art.
Authors: Gamble Clive 
Published: February 2014

My aim in this paper is to put the question, ‘Where was the centre of the Upper Palaeolithic world?’. I promise no answers and I will confine the discussion to Europe.The purpose behind raising such a seemingly irrelevant problem is that its investigation leads us directly into issues of palaeolithic society, the interpretation of art in such contexts and the often opposed views of how art contributed to adaptation and change.At the outset let me declare that I amnotdealing with the origins of art and its association, or not, with language. Art for me is, however, a system of communication and includes a wide range of mediums and messages. As an act of social communication it is defined by style which, as Wiessner (1984, 191) argues, has its behavioural basis in a fundamental human cognitive process; personal and social identification through comparison. Consequently style is not just a means of transmitting information about identity but is an active tool used in building social strategies (ibid.194). It has a role in negotiation which, as I shall argue below, is the basis for defining palaeolithic society.
Stone Tools and Paleolithic Settlement in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Barton C. Michael 
Published: February 2014

The assemblages from four sites in Spain and Gibraltar form the basis of a study that addresses the behavioral significance of the variability in Middle Paleolithic chipped stone artifacts. Quantitative analysis of artifact edge morphology forms the primary focus of this work.It is suggested that (1) morphological variability is generally continuous for the features examined, (2) retouched and unretouched lithics are extremes in a continuum of the degree of edge use, (3) lithic morphology is dynamic and artifacts may be multi-functional and (4) lithic morphoplogy is conditioned by the time of discard in the use-life of the artifact. Retouched artifacts may be more the end result of the extent and nature of the use of their various edges than preconceived tools determined by cultural traditions or intended function.These results are applied to a study of Middle Paleolithic settlement strategies using data from the four primary sites of the study and an additional five sites in the Iberian peninsula. Differences are noted between upland and lowland strategies. Upland sites may represent more of a ‘forager’ strategy, with frequent, short-term occupations of sites. Lowland sites seem more characteristic of a ‘collector’ strategy, with longer occupations and less frequent visits to sites. Settlement response to changing Upper Pleistocene environments during the onset of the last glacial may include a shift to a more ‘forager’-like strategy in lowland settings.