bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and molecular characterization of Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency among neonates for newborn screening in Chaozhou, China
Authors: Yang H. , Wang Q. , Zheng L. , Zhan X.‐F. , Lin M. , Lin F. , Tong X. , Luo Z.‐Y. , Huang Y. , Yang L.‐Y. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIntroductionGlucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is highly prevalent in southern China. The aim of this study is to assess the extent of this disease in Chinese neonates and determine its molecular characteristics using a novel molecular screening method.MethodsA total of 2500 neonates were routinely screened for G6PD deficiency using a modified fluorescent spot test (FST). PCR‐high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis was then used for the molecular assay.ResultsThe overall incidence of G6PD deficiency was 2.68% in our study cohort. Frequency in male population was 3.22% (44 neonates of 1365 male neonates), and in female population was 2.03% (23 neonates of 1135 female neonates). Of the 67 newborns suspected to be G6PD deficient based on FST (44 males, 23 females), 58 of 67 (87%) were detected with gene alterations. Seven kinds of mutations [c.95A>G, c.392G>T, c.493A>G, c.871G>A, c.1360C>T, c.1376G>T, and c.1388G>A] were identified by HRM analysis.ConclusionRoutine newborn screening in Chaozhou, China with a relatively high prevalence of G6PD deficiency is justified and meets the World Health Organization recommendation. The usage of molecular diagnosis can favor the detection of heterozygotes which can be a supplement to regular newborn screening and useful for premarital and prenatal diagnosis for G6PD deficiency.
Arise the systems physician
Authors: Scott I. , Phelps G. , Dalton S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHealthcare in Australia faces significant challenges. Variations in care, suboptimal safety and reliability, fragmentation of care and unsustainable cost increases are compounded by substantial overuse and underuse of clinical interventions. These problems arise not from intentional actions of individual clinicians, but from deficiencies in the design, operations and governance of systems of care. Physicians play an important role in optimising systems of care and, in doing so, must rely on enhanced skills in a range of domains. These include: how to evaluate and improve quality and safety of clinical processes; analyse and interpret clinical and administrative data in ways that can be used to enhance care delivery; build and lead cohesive multidisciplinary teams capable of solving operational defects and inefficient workarounds; and implement new and effective innovations in clinical service delivery. While clinical skills are essential in individual patient care, skills that improve systems of care targeting whole patient populations will become increasingly desirable and recognised as core skills.
Handover of patient information from the crisis assessment and treatment team to the inpatient psychiatric unit
Authors: Waters Amanda , Sands Natisha , Keppich‐Arnold Sandra , Henderson Kathryn 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHandover, or the communication of patient information between clinicians, is a fundamental component of health care. Psychiatric settings are dynamic environments relying on timely and accurate communication to plan care and manage risk. Crisis assessment and treatment teams are the primary interface between community and mental health services in many Australian and international health services, facilitating access to assessment, treatment, and admission to hospital. No previous research has investigated the handover between crisis assessment and treatment teams and inpatient psychiatric units, despite the importance of handover to care planning. The aim of the present study was to identify the nature and types of information transferred during these handovers, and to explore how these guides initial care planning. An observational, exploratory study design was used. A 20‐item handover observation tool was used to observe 19 occasions of handover. A prospective audit was undertaken on clinical documentation arising from the admission. Clinical information, including psychiatric history and mental state, were handed over consistently; however, information about consumer preferences was reported less consistently. The present study identified a lack of attention to consumer preferences at handover, despite the current focus on recovery‐oriented models for mental health care, and the centrality of respecting consumer preferences within the recovery paradigm.
Differential reliance on performance outliers in athletic self‐assessment
Authors: Guenther Corey L. , Taylor Sarah G. , Alicke Mark D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe current studies tested the hypothesis that, despite experiencing high rates of performance failure, athletes maintain positive ability perceptions by basing assessments of their ability on peak, rarely occurring performances rather than on their more typically occurring base rate averages. Findings from two studies support this assertion. Study 1 showed that collegiate baseball players perceived their best‐ever hitting performance to better represent their true hitting ability than their worst‐ever performance, despite the latter being far more reflective of their objective batting average. Study 2 replicated this effect among college softball players, and demonstrated further that low‐performing athletes were the most severely miscalibrated in their ability perceptions. Implications for coaches, trainers, and practitioners committed to helping athletes develop are discussed.
Evolution of spatially structured host–parasite interactions
Authors: Lion S. , Gandon S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSpatial structure has dramatic effects on the demography and the evolution of species. A large variety of theoretical models have attempted to understand how local dispersal may shape the coevolution of interacting species such as host–parasite interactions. The lack of a unifying framework is a serious impediment for anyone willing to understand current theory. Here, we review previous theoretical studies in the light of a single epidemiological model that allows us to explore the effects of both host and parasite migration rates on the evolution and coevolution of various life‐history traits. We discuss the impact of local dispersal on parasite virulence, various host defence strategies and local adaptation. Our analysis shows that evolutionary and coevolutionary outcomes crucially depend on the details of the host–parasite life cycle and on which life‐history trait is involved in the interaction. We also discuss experimental studies that support the effects of spatial structure on the evolution of host–parasite interactions. This review highlights major similarities between some theoretical results, but it also reveals an important gap between evolutionary and coevolutionary models. We discuss possible ways to bridge this gap within a more unified framework that would reconcile spatial epidemiology, evolution and coevolution.
Investigation of the leptin levels in the blood serum of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) and Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843)
Authors: Köprücü S. , Algül S. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryLeptin is a peptide hormone secreted by adipose tissues in the various teleost fish and vertebrates. Leptin has been suggested to have an important role in a range physiological function, including regulation of food intake, reproduction, immune function, energy expenditure, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. In this study, leptin levels in the blood serum of Cyprinus carpio and Capoeta trutta were determined. Then the results were compared between two species and between sexes of each species. In addition, leptin levels were also compared with the body weight and length of both C. carpio and C. trutta. Leptin level was analysed using available enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit (Rat leptin ELISA kit, catalog no: SK00050‐08). Leptin levels showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) that in relation to between two species and between sexes of each species. It has been shown that not significantly correlated when examined correlations between the leptin level in blood serum and body weight (r = 0.192, p = 0.380) or length (r = 0.102, p = 0.644) of C. carpio. Similarly, the correlations between leptin level in blood serum and body weight (r = 0.021, p = 0.959) or length (r = 0.123, p = 0.595) of C. trutta were also not significant.
Effectiveness of a school‐based academic asthma health education and counseling program on fostering acceptance of asthma in older school‐age students with asthma
Authors: Kintner Eileen K. , Cook Gwendolyn , Marti C. Nathan , Gomes Melissa , Meeder Linda , Van Egeren Laurie A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the academic asthma education and counselingStayingHealthy–AsthmaResponsible andPrepared™ (SHARP) program on fostering psychosocial acceptance of asthma.Design and MethodsThis was a phaseIII, two‐group, cluster‐randomized, single‐blinded, longitudinal study. Students from grades 4 and 5 (N= 205) with asthma and their caregivers completed surveys at pre‐intervention and at 1‐, 12‐, and 24‐months post‐intervention. Analysis involved multilevel modeling.ResultsAll students demonstrated significant improvement in aspects of acceptance; students inSHARPdemonstrated significant improvement in openness to sharing and connectedness with teachers over students in the control condition.Practice ImplicationsTheSHARPprogram offers a well‐tested, effective program for psychosocial acceptance of asthma, which is welcomed by schools.
Light alcohol consumption plays a protective role against non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese men with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Sogabe Masahiro , Okahisa Toshiya , Taniguchi Tatsuya , Tomonari Tetsu , Tanaka Takahiro , Tanaka Hironori , Nakasono Masahiko , Takayama Tetsuji 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsAlthough excess alcohol consumption has been believed to cause liver injury, light alcohol consumption (LAC) has been reported to play a protective role against fatty liver in recent studies. However, the association between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and LAC in men with metabolic syndrome (MS) is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between NAFLD and LAC in men with MS.MethodsSubjects were 1055 men with MS who underwent a regular health check‐up and drank less 20 g/day of alcohol. A distinction was made between non‐drinkers and light drinkers and the association between NAFLD and LAC in men with MS was elucidated. NAFLD was referred as fatty liver with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels ≧31 IU/L in this study.ResultsAlanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the prevalence of NAFLD were significantly lower in light drinkers than in non‐drinkers. Logistic regression analysis showed body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), uric acid (UA), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), visceral fat type MS and LAC (odds ratios: 0.654; 95% confidence intervals: 0.473–0.906; <0.05) were significant predictors of the prevalence of NAFLD.ConclusionThe prevalence of NAFLD in light drinkers was significantly lower than in non‐drinkers, and supporting previous reports studying the general population, LAC is one of the significant predictors of a decreased prevalence of NAFLD in men with MS.
Spatial scale variability in shoot density and epiphytic leaves ofPosidonia oceanicaon Kerkennah Island (Tunisia) in relation to current tide effects
Authors: Ben Brahim Mounir , Mabrouk Lotfi , Hamza Asma , Mahfoudhi Mabrouka , Bouain Abderahmen , Aleya Lotfi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA study was undertaken of the patterns of spatial variability, epiphytic biomass and distribution of epiphytic fauna and flora ofPosidonia oceanica. Samples were taken at four stations located approximately 4 km apart, exposed to different current conditions. Stations A and B, situated near the Oued Mimoun tidal channel with its relatively strong bi‐directional flows, were affected by high current tide. The other two stations, North Oued Mimoun (L1) and South Oued Mimoun (L2), were located further from the channel, in low current tide conditions. Sampling was conducted in the Attaya area of Kerkennah Island (Tunisia) in August 2009 at depths between 2 and 3 m, with the results indicating differences among the stations. Shoot density decreased when exposed to high levels of hydrodynamic activity generated by current tides whereas the epiphytic biomass ofP. oceanicaleaves decreased at sheltered stations located far from the channel. Epiphytic algae such as Heterokontophyta, Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta, and epiphytic fauna represented by Bryozoa, Hydrozoa, Annelida, Porifera and Tunicata, dominated the epiphytic assemblages and were abundant at the station most exposed to high current tide hydrodynamics. Cyanobacteria, however, were dominant in stations exposed to low current tide.
The putative functional ecology and distribution of archaeal communities in sponges, sediment and seawater in a coral reef environment
Authors: Polónia Ana R. M. , Cleary Daniel F. R. , Freitas Rossana , de Voogd Nicole J. , Gomes Newton C. M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractArchaea play crucial roles in a number of key ecological processes including nitrification and methanogenesis. Although several studies have been conducted on these organisms, the roles and dynamics of coral reef archaeal communities are still poorly understood, particularly in host and nonhost biotopes and in high (HMA) and low microbial abundance (LMA) sponges. Here, archaeal communities detected in six distinct biotopes, namely, sediment, seawater and four different sponge species Stylissa carteri, Stylissa massa, Xestospongia testudinaria and Hyrtios erectus from the Spermonde Archipelago, SW Sulawesi, Indonesia were investigated using 454‐pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes (OTU cut‐off 97%). Archaeal communities from sediment and sponges were dominated by Crenarchaeota, while the seawater community was dominated by Euryarchaeota. The biotope explained almost 75% of the variation in archaeal composition, with clear separation between microbial assemblages from sediment, X. testudinaria and H. erectus (HMA). In contrast, samples from seawater and both Stylissa species (LMA) showed considerable overlap in the ordination and, furthermore, shared most abundant OTUs with the exception of a single dominant OTU specifically enriched in both Stylissa species. Predicted functional gene content in archaeal assemblages also revealed significant differences among biotopes. Different ammonia assimilation strategies were exhibited by the archaeal communities: X. testudinaria, H. erectus and sediment archaeal communities were enriched for glutamate dehydrogenase with mixed specificity (NAD(P)+) pathways, while archaeal planktonic communities were enriched for specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) and glutamate synthase pathways. Archaeal communities in Stylissa had intermediate levels of enrichment. Our results indicate that archaeal communities in different biotopes have distinct ecophysiological roles.
BRAF V600E analysis for the differentiation of papillary craniopharyngiomas and Rathke's cleft cysts
Authors: Schweizer Leonille , Capper David , Hölsken Annett , Fahlbusch Rudolf , Flitsch Jörg , Buchfelder Michael , Herold‐Mende Christel , von Deimling Andreas , Buslei Rolf 
Published: December 2014

AimsThe differential diagnosis of cystic epithelial masses of the sellar region, especially the histopathological differentiation of craniopharyngiomas and Rathke's cleft cysts, poses a challenge even to experienced diagnosticians. Recently, BRAF V600E mutations have been described as a genetic hallmark of papillary craniopharyngiomas. We investigated a series of 33 Rathke's cleft cysts to determine the frequency of BRAF V600E mutations and its suitability as an additional diagnostic marker for the differentiation of cystic lesions of the sellar region.MethodsThirty‐three Rathke's cleft cysts and 18 papillary craniopharyngiomas were analysed for BRAF mutational status by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody (VE1) that selectively recognizes the BRAF V600E mutant epitope and additional BRAF pyrosequencing in a subset of samples.ResultsThirty of 33 specimens diagnosed as Rathke's cleft cysts were negative by VE1 immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing, whereas in three cysts and in all the 18 papillary craniopharyngiomas, a BRAF V600E mutation was detected. Clinical and histological re‐evaluation of the three BRAF V600E mutated cases formerly diagnosed as Rathke's cleft cysts revealed unusual presentations. Two of them were rediagnosed as papillary craniopharyngiomas. The patient of the third case had a history of craniopharyngioma operated 14 years before, and reoperation showed a cystic epithelial lesion with unclear histology.ConclusionsThe determination of BRAF mutational status is recommended in any cystic sellar lesion and can in most cases be provided by VE1 immunohistochemistry even in specimens of low cellularity. Confirmation by (pyro‐)sequencing should be attempted whenever sufficient epithelium is available due to variable staining results.
A YadA‐like autotransporter, Hag1 in Veillonella atypica is a multivalent hemagglutinin involved in adherence to oral streptococci, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and human oral buccal cells
Authors: Zhou P. , Liu J. , Merritt J. , Qi F. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryDental biofilm development is a sequential process, and adherence between microbes and the salivary pellicle (adhesion) as well as among different microbes (co‐adhesion or coaggregation) plays a critical role in building a biofilm community. The Veillonella species are among the most predominant species in the oral cavity and coaggregate with many initial, early, middle, and late colonizers. Similar to oral fusobacteria, they are also considered bridging species in biofilm development. However, the mechanism of this ability has yet to be reported, due to the previous lack of a genetic transformation system in the entire genus. In this study, we used our recently discovered transformable Veillonella strain, Veillonella atypica OK5, to probe the mechanism of coaggregation between Veillonella species and other oral bacteria. By insertional inactivation of all eight putative hemagglutinin genes, we identified one gene, hag1, which is involved in V. atypica coaggregation with the initial colonizers Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus cristatus, and the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. The hag1 mutant also abolished adherence to human buccal cells. Inhibition assays using various chemical or physiological treatments suggest different mechanisms being involved in coaggregation with different partners. The entire hag1 gene was sequenced and shown to be the largest known bacterial hemagglutinin gene.
A ‘giant’ purgatoriid (Plesiadapiformes) from the Paleocene of Montana, USA: mosaic evolution in the earliest primates
Authors: Fox Richard C. , Scott Craig S. , Buckley Gregory A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUrsolestes perpetior gen. et sp. nov. is a large purgatoriid plesiadapiform primate from the middle/late Puercan (earliest Paleocene) Simpson Quarry, Montana, USA. It differs from Purgatorius Van Valen and Sloan, 1965, the only other known purgatoriid and the oldest discovered primate, in its substantially larger body size as inferred from the dimensions of the known parts of its dentition, while resembling Purgatorius in possessing a large lower canine, unreduced p1, and in the upper molars, a protocone twist and weakly developed postprotocone fold; moreover, the m3 of U. perpetior possesses an expanded, plesiadapiform‐like posterior lobe of the talonid that supports the hypoconulid. The large lower canine and the greater development of trenchant molar crests suggest that U. perpetior was more insectivorous, differing appreciably from the omnivorous niche long hypothesized for Purgatorius and purportedly marking the insectivore–primate transition. Hence, U. perpetior adds significant new knowledge regarding the breadth of the adaptive zone occupied by purgatoriids in their position at the very beginnings of primate evolution.
Vulnerability to drought‐induced cavitation in poplars: synthesis and future opportunities
Authors: FICHOT RÉGIS , BRIGNOLAS FRANCK , COCHARD HERVÉ , CEULEMANS REINHART 
Published: December 2014

AbstractVulnerability to drought‐induced cavitation is a key trait of plant water relations. Here, we summarize the available literature on vulnerability to drought‐induced cavitation in poplars (Populus spp.), a genus of agronomic, ecological and scientific importance. Vulnerability curves and vulnerability parameters (including the water potential inducing 50% loss in hydraulic conductivity, P50) were collected from 37 studies published between 1991 and 2014, covering a range of 10 species and 12 interspecific hybrid crosses. Results of our meta‐analysis confirm that poplars are among the most vulnerable woody species to drought‐induced cavitation (mean P50 = −1.44 and −1.55 MPa across pure species and hybrids, respectively). Yet, significant variation occurs among species (P50 range: 1.43 MPa) and among hybrid crosses (P50 range: 1.12 MPa), within species and hybrid crosses (max. P50 range reported: 0.8 MPa) as well as in response to environmental factors including nitrogen fertilization, irradiance, temperature and drought (max. P50 range reported: 0.75 MPa). Potential implications and gaps in knowledge are discussed in the context of poplar cultivation, species adaptation and climate modifications. We suggest that poplars represent a valuable model for studies on drought‐induced cavitation, especially to elucidate the genetic and molecular basis of cavitation resistance in Angiosperms.
Identification and comparative analysis of microRNAs in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli) in response to rice allelopathy
Authors: FANG CHANGXUN , LI YINGZHE , LI CHENGXUN , LI BILIANG , REN YONGJIE , ZHENG HAIPING , ZENG XIAOMEI , SHEN LIHUA , LIN WENXIONG 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRice allelopathy is a hot topic in the field of allelopathy, and behaviour of donor allelopathic rice has been well documented. However, few study addresses response of receiver barnyardgrass (BYG). We found that expression of miRNAs relevant to plant hormone signal transduction, nucleotide excision repair and the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor and p53 signalling pathways was enhanced in BYG co‐cultured with the allelopathic rice cultivar PI312777, the expression levels of these miRNAs in BYG plants were positively correlated with allelopathic potential of the co‐cultured rice varieties. Treatment of BYG plants with rice‐produced phenolic acids also increased miRNA expression in BYG, while treatment with rice‐produced terpenoids had no obvious effect on miRNA expression. In the hydroponic system, the largest number of Myxococcus sp. was found in the growth medium containing rice with the highest allelopathic potential. The addition of phenolic acids in the hydroponic medium also increased the number of Myxococcus sp. More interestingly, inoculation with Myxococcus xanthus significantly increased miRNA expression in the treated BYG. Jointed treatments of ferulic acid and M. xanthus led to strongest growth inhibition of BYG. The results suggest that there exist involvement of Myxococcus sp. and mediation of miRNA expression in rice allelopathy against BYG.