bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can We Predict Long-term Community Crime Problems? The Estimation of Ecological Continuity to Model Risk Heterogeneity
Authors: Taylor Ralph B. , Ratcliffe Jerry H. , Perenzin Amber 
Published: May 2015

Objectives: In small-scale, intra-urban communities, do fundamental demographic correlates of crime, proven important in community criminology, link to next year’s crime levels, even after controlling for this year’s crime levels? If they do, it would imply that shifting ecologies of crime apparent after a year are driven in part by dynamics emerging from structural differentials. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this question has not yet been addressed. Methods: For Philadelphia (PA) census block groups, 2005 to 2009 data from the American Community Survey and 2009 crime counts were used to predict spatially smoothed 2010 crime counts in three different models: crime only, demographics only, and crime plus demographics. Models are tested for major personal (murder, rape-aggravated assault, and robbery) and property (burglary and motor vehicle theft) crimes. Results: For all crime types investigated except rape and homicide, crime plus demographics resulted in the best combination of prediction/simplicity based on the Bayesian Information Criterion. Socioeconomic status (SES) and racial composition linked as expected theoretically to crime changes. Conclusions: Intercommunity structural differences in power relationships, as reflected in SES and racial composition, link to later crime shifts at the same time that ongoing crime continuities link current and future crime levels. The main practical implication is that crime analysts tasked with long-term, one-year-look-ahead forecasting may benefit by considering demographic structure as well as current crime.
Relationship between dietary pattern and cognitive function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Enomoto Mari , Yoshii Hidenori , Mita Tomoya , Sanke Haruna , Yokota Ayako , Yamashiro Keiko , Inagaki Noriko , Gosho Masahiko , Ohmura Chie , Kudo Kayo , Watada Hirotaka , Onuma Tomio 
Published: May 2015

Objective To analyse the relationships between dietary patterns and cognitive function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Patients with T2DM completed a 3-day dietary record and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Results The study included 73 patients and identified five dietary patterns, one of which was characterized by high loading for vegetables and fish. A higher consumption of vegetables and fish was significantly associated with improved MMSE score (unadjusted model, model adjusted for age and sex, and model adjusted for age, sex, education, diabetic nephropathy and alcohol consumption), and decreased prevalence of suspected mild dementia (unadjusted model, model adjusted for age and sex). Conclusions A high score in the vegetables and fish dietary pattern was associated with high MMSE score and low prevalence of suspected mild dementia in elderly patients with T2DM.
Quality and Utility of Immediate Formal Postoperative Radiographs in Ankle Fractures
Authors: Miniaci-Coxhead Sara Lyn , Martin Elizabeth A. , Ketz John P. 
Published: May 2015

Background: Patients who undergo internal fixation of ankle fractures commonly have postoperative imaging performed immediately after surgery. As these patients typically are typically immobilized, radiographs provide limited visualization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility and quality of formal radiographs performed immediately following ankle fracture surgery. Methods: Ankle fractures undergoing open reduction and internal fixation at a single institution from January 1, 2011, to January 1, 2013, were reviewed. Intraoperative and formal postoperative radiographs were evaluated using defined parameters. The postoperative images were compared with the intraoperative fluoroscopic images in terms of quality. Postoperative complications were evaluated in terms of fracture displacement, hardware malpositioning, and need for return to the operating room. A total of 411 patients with 413 ankle fractures underwent surgical fixation, with 271 patients undergoing formal postoperative radiographs. Results: Twenty-eight patients (10.3%) had 3 good quality postoperative views of the ankle, with the lateral (35.2%) and mortise (41.3%) views least commonly performed with good technique. None of the patients without radiographs had a complication that could have been detected earlier using postoperative radiographs. No patients required return to the operating room based on immediate postoperative radiographs. Postoperative radiographs cost $191 per patient. Conclusion: The routine use of formal postoperative radiographs prior to discharge from the hospital did not provide additional value to the patient or orthopedic surgeon. The quality of these images was generally inferior to the quality of those obtained and saved intraoperatively due to malrotation and overlying cast material. To reduce cost and radiation exposure, formal postoperative radiographs should be obtained only in specific circumstances, such as increasing postoperative pain, marginal fixation, or instability. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Is whole gland salvage cryotherapy effective as palliative treatment of haematuria in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer? Results of a preliminary case series
Authors: Magno Carlo , Mucciardi Giuseppe , Galì Alessandro , Pappalardo Rosa , Lembo Francesco , Anastasi Giuseppina , Butticè Salvatore , Ascenti Giorgio , Lugnani Franco 
Published: May 2015

Objectives: Locally advanced prostate cancer may cause several complications such as haematuria, bladder outlet obstruction, and renal failure due to the ureteral obstruction. Various treatments have been suggested, including radiotherapy, antifibrinolytics, bladder irrigation with alum solution, transurethral surgery and angioembolization, none of which have proven effectiveness. In the last years cryoablation has become a valid therapeutic option for prostate cancer. In our experience we used this ‘new’ technique as haemostatic therapy. Methods: We selected four patients with gross haematuria affected by locally advanced hormone refractory prostate cancer, who had already been treated with primary radiotherapy. We used third-generation cryotherapy: under ultrasonographic guidance, we inserted six cryoprobes, two in each of the vascular pedicles reaching at least −60°C, and three thermometers. We then induced two freeze–thaw cycles. Results: After the operation the haematuria stopped in all patients and at 9-month follow up we observed a mean of four red cells (range three to five) in the urinary sediment with no evidence of bacteriuria. Prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen and postmicturition residue were significantly reduced. Qmax improved significantly too. Conclusion: Our experience has given us good results with minimal intra- and postoperative complications. We think that haemostatic cryotherapy as a palliative approach for locally advanced prostate cancer could represent a valid treatment option and more consideration could be given to its use.
Structural Characteristics Are Not Associated With Pain and Function in Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Curry Emily J. , Matzkin Elizabeth E. , Dong Yan , Higgins Laurence D. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Jain Nitin B. 
Published: May 2015

Background: Structural characteristics of rotator cuff tears are used in surgical decision making. However, data on the association of tear size with patient-reported pain and function are sparse. Purpose: To assess the association of tear size, fatty infiltration, and muscle atrophy with shoulder pain/function in patients with cuff tears undergoing operative and nonoperative treatment. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 67 patients with rotator cuff tears were recruited for this longitudinal cohort study. Patients were determined to have a cuff tear using clinical assessment and blinded magnetic resonance imaging review. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) was used as a measure of shoulder pain and function. Results: Tear size and thickness were not significantly associated with pain (SPADI pain score, 60.6 [95% CI, 49.8-71.5] for partial-thickness tear; 56.8 [95% CI, 42.8-70.7] for <2 cm full-thickness tear; 60.4 [95% CI, 51.7-69.0] for ≥2 cm full-thickness tear). Tear size and thickness were not associated with function (SPADI disability score, 42.7 [95% CI, 29.8-55.6] for partial-thickness tear; 37.6 [95% CI, 23.9-51.4] for <2 cm full-thickness tear; 45.1 [95% CI, 35.4-54.8] for ≥2 cm full-thickness tear). Fatty infiltration, muscle atrophy, and tendon retraction were also not significantly associated with SPADI pain and disability scores. A Mental Health Index score of <68 as well as age ≥60 years were significantly associated with a higher SPADI pain score. Female sex, increased number of comorbidities, Mental Health Index score of <68, and age <60 years were significantly associated with a higher SPADI disability score. Conclusion: In patients with rotator cuff tears undergoing operative and nonoperative treatment, pain and functional status were not associated with tear size and thickness, fatty infiltration, and muscle atrophy. Conversely, factors unrelated to cuff anatomy such as mental health, comorbidities, age, and sex were associated with pain/function. These findings have clinical implications during surgical decision making and suggest that pain and functional disability in patients with rotator cuff tears is multifactorial and should not solely be attributed to structural characteristics.
The future of genomic medicine education in Africa
Authors: Siwo Geoffrey H , Williams Scott M , Moore Jason H 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThere are many challenges and opportunities for Africans in the emerging area of genome medicine. In particular, there is a need for investment in local education using real-world African genetic data sets. Cloud-based computing platforms offer one solution for engaging the next generation of biomedical scientists in tackling disease in Africa, and by extension, the world.
A unified approach for detecting and eliminating selfish nodes in MANETs using TBUT
Authors: Josh Kumar Jebakumar Mohan Singh Pappaji , Kathirvel Ayyaswamy , Kirubakaran Namaskaram , Sivaraman Perumal , Subramaniam Muthusamy 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the increasing efforts toward making architecture standardization for the secured wireless mobile ad hoc networks. In this scenario when a node actively utilizes the other node resources for communicating and refuses to help other nodes in their transmission or reception of data, it is called a selfish node. As the entire mobile ad hoc network (MANETs) depends on cooperation from neighboring nodes, it is very important to detect and eliminate selfish nodes from being part of the network. In this paper, token-based umpiring technique (TBUT) is proposed, where every node needs a token to participate in the network and the neighboring nodes act as umpire. This proposed TBUT is found to be very efficient with a reduced detection time and less overhead. The security analysis and experimental results have shown that TBUT is feasible for enhancing the security and network performance of real applications.
Antibacterial mechanism of the action of Enteromorpha linza L. essential oil against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Patra Jayanta Kumar , Das Gitishree , Baek Kwang-Hyun 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background
Identification of natural antibacterial agents from various sources that can act effectively against disease causing foodborne bacteria is one of the major concerns throughout the world. However, the natural antibacterial agents identified to date are primarily effective against Gram positive bacteria, but less effective against Gram negative bacteria. In the present study, Enteromorpha linza L. essential oil (EEO) was evaluated for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium along with the mode of their antibacterial action.

Results
The chemical composition of EEO revealed high amounts of acids (54.6 %) and alkenes (21.1 %). EEO was effective against both E. coli and S. Typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of EEO for both pathogens were 12.5 mg/ml and 25.0 mg/mL, respectively. EEO at the MIC acted on the loss in viability of E. coli ATCC 43890, which was used as the model system for evaluation of the antibacterial mode of action of EEO against Gram negative bacteria. Significant increase in relative electrical conductivity and K+ concentration were recorded with respect to time, indicating the disruption of tested E. coli cells owing to the controlling effect of EEO. Alternation of the morphology of the cell surface, increase in the release of 260 nm absorbing materials and loss of high salt tolerance were observed.

Conclusions
The results suggest that EEO induced a bactericidal effect via structural membrane damage caused by deposition of EEO in the cytosol or through enzymatic degradation of bacterial intracellular enzymes that resulted in cellular lysis. Accordingly, EEO can be used as a strong natural antibacterial agent against Gram negative foodborne pathogens such as E. coli and S. Typhimurium.
High-resolution seismic tracing of the transgression across the coastal interface, Brigantine, New Jersey
Authors: Uptegrove Jane , Monteverde Donald H. , Whitesell Laurie A. , Stanford Scott D. , Waldner Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2015

We have repurposed high-resolution marine seismic profiles and vibracores collected from 1 to 10 km offshore Brigantine, New Jersey, to locate, characterize, and interpret the Holocene transgression across the land/sea interface. This storm-dominated, low-slope shelf had experienced large eustatic shifts during the late Pleistocene and Holocene, causing significant lowstand erosion during marine isotope stages (MIS) 6, 4, and 2, leaving fragmented sediment packages from the intervening highstands, which were further eroded by Holocene transgressive wave energy and submarine currents. Using sediment ages tied to seismic reflectors, we mapped the offshore surficial geology of the late Pleistocene and Holocene for the first time in this region. We tied the offshore geology to contiguous onshore surficial geology using borehole geophysical gamma logs, cores, and dated material from barrier-island, estuary, and salt-marsh environments, leading to several new findings, specifically (1) that a back-barrier marsh existed approximately 16 m below the present-day sea level and 7 km seaward of Little Egg Inlet [Formula: see text] (calibrated) before the present (AD 1950), (2) that shoal features were massed in a sediment prism south and west of Little Egg Inlet, and (3) as the Holocene sea level rose, Little Egg Inlet varied little from its current location, fixed in place by the incised valley of the paleo Mullica River, a major upland drainage system since at least MIS 6.
Predicting geometry and stacking pattern of thin beds by interpreting geomorphology and waveforms using sequential stratal-slices in the Wheeler domain
Authors: Zeng Hongliu 
Published: May 2015

I used a seismic sedimentology-based approach for interpreting the spatial geometry and stacking pattern of superimposed, seismically thin beds. The method was applicable to conventional low-frequency seismic data and required knowledge of the basic shape of the seismic wavelet and lithology-impedance relationship (impedance model). It was primarily aimed at those beds that were spatially extensive enough to be resolved horizontally, but so thin as to only be detected vertically with a given bandwidth, and it assumed that the data had been converted to stratal slices in the relative geologic time (or Wheeler) domain. A simple one-bed model illustrated that a thin-bed depositional system can be characterized by a seismic-geomorphologic pattern of the same spatial shape on sequential relative geologic-time (stratal) slices, but the amplitude, phase, and polarity would vary depending upon the known (estimated) seismic wavelet. This phenomenon could be captured and evaluated in the thin bed’s response window (RW) in the Wheeler domain. If multiple thin-bed units were present in the RW, the seismic responses from vertically adjacent units would interfere with the “true” seismic-geomorphologic pattern of any single thin-bed unit. The composite waveform for each of the units could be restored in variable quality, depending on its geomorphologic character, thickness, and stratigraphic position. Relative traveltime differences of thin-bed waveforms revealed the depositional history (stacking pattern) of the thin-bed sequence. A field-data test confirmed that within a stratigraphic interval of a composite seismic event ([Formula: see text] or 15 m) at least two, and possibly three, thin fluvial channel sandstones (2–6 m each) could be identified and their spatial localities and distribution could be unraveled.
Transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Change in reflective function
Authors: Fischer-Kern Melitta , Doering Stephan , Taubner Svenja , Hörz Susanne , Zimmermann Johannes , Rentrop Michael , Schuster Peter , Buchheim Peter , Buchheim Anna 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBorderline personality disorder is associated with deficits in personality functioning and mentalisation. In a randomised controlled trial 104 people with borderline personality disorder received either transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) or treatment by experienced community therapists. Among other outcome variables, mentalisation was assessed by means of the Reflective Functioning Scale (RF Scale). Findings revealed only significant improvements in reflective function in the TFP group within 1 year of treatment. The between-group effect was of medium size (d = 0.45). Improvements in reflective function were significantly correlated with improvements in personality organisation.
The I-BAR protein Ivy1 is an effector of the Rab7 GTPase Ypt7 involved in vacuole membrane homeostasis
Authors: Numrich Johannes , Péli-Gulli Marie-Pierre , Arlt Henning , Sardu Alessandro , Griffith Janice , Levine Tim , Engelbrecht-Vandré Siegfried , Reggiori Fulvio , De Virgilio Claudio , Ungermann Christian 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Membrane fusion at the vacuole depends on a conserved machinery that includes SNAREs, the Rab7 homolog Ypt7 and its effector HOPS. Here, we demonstrate that Ypt7 has an unexpected additional function by controlling membrane homeostasis and nutrient-dependent signaling on the vacuole surface. We show that Ivy1, the yeast homolog of mammalian missing-in-metastasis (MIM), is a vacuolar effector of Ypt7-GTP and interacts with the EGO/ragulator complex, an activator of the target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (TORC1) on vacuoles. Loss of Ivy1 does not affect EGO vacuolar localization and function. In combination with the deletion of individual subunits of the V-ATPase, however, we observed reduced TORC1 activity and massive enlargement of the vacuole surface. Consistent with this, Ivy1 localizes to invaginations at the vacuole surface and on liposomes in a phosphoinositide- and Ypt7-GTP-controlled manner, which suggests a role in microautophagy. Our data, thus, reveal that Ivy1 is a novel regulator of vacuole membrane homeostasis with connections to TORC1 signaling.
Evaluating the System Logistics of a Centralized Biomass Recovery Operation in Northern California
Authors: Bisson Joel A. , Han Sang-Kyun , Han Han-Sup 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the productivity and cost of each component in a unique centralized biomass recovery operation to determine cost-effective system logistics. The system was divided into three segments: collection, comminution, and transportation. Cost analysis determined a stump-to-truck and transportation cost of $30.39 and $13.91 per bone dry ton (BDT), respectively. These costs did not include support equipment, overhead, profit, or risk allowance. Transportation cost was evaluated for a total one-way haul distance of 15 miles. To control overall cost it is imperative to maintain maximum productivity of processing, our most expensive component. Therefore, upstream and downstream practices were examined to determine how they influenced the system. Analysis of the loader operation showed a 33 percent increase in cycle time when handling hardwood whole trees piled at a landing, compared with conifer slash piled within the unit. Regression analysis of the modified dump truck used in the prehaul confirmed that distance had a significant impact on overall centralized biomass grinding operations. Sensitivity analysis showed that a 20 percent reduction in productivity owing to increased travel time resulted in a 25 percent increase in grinding cost. A decoupled transport system used all-wheel drive tractors to haul comminuted biomass from the grinder to a trailer landing, where regular highway tractors completed the trip to the power plant. This system reduced delays in loading and improved access to the grinding location. Through an understanding of the complete system, a manager could identify cost saving elements, adjust upstream productivity to meet demand, and reduce the overall cost of a centralized biomass recovery operation.
Spinning on a cleaner cycle: How media management became ‘respectable’ under the United Kingdom’s coalition government
Authors: Gaber Ivor , Macrory Sam 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The issue of media management or ‘spin’ came to dominate Tony Blair’s time in office, so much so that even his own press secretary, Alastair Campbell, came to concede that they had over-used it. When David Cameron came to power in 2010, although he has acknowledged that he learnt many political lessons from Tony Blair, he was keen to ensure that his government did not make the same mistakes in terms of the overuse of spin. In this article, based on interviews with key players, a comparison is made between the way the two prime ministers, and in particular their press secretaries, managed their media relations in their first year’s in office. This article, written by two who witnessed the first years of Blair and Cameron at first hand, characterizes the Blair media regime as practising ‘spin heavy’ and the Cameron regime, under Andy Coulson, as practising ‘spin lite’. It concludes that, both in terms of relations with the media and how that relationship played out vis-á-vis coverage, ‘spin lite’ was a more successful formulation.
Gluing Hyperconvex Metric Spaces
Authors: Miesch Benjamin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We investigate how to glue hyperconvex (or injective) metric spaces such that the resulting space
remains hyperconvex. We give two new criteria, saying that on the one hand gluing along strongly convex
subsets and on the other hand gluing along externally hyperconvex subsets leads to hyperconvex spaces.
Furthermore, we show by an example that these two cases where gluing works are opposed and cannot be
combined.