bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neural Bases of the Semantic Interference of Spatial Frequency-based Information in Scenes
Authors: Kauffmann Louise , Bourgin Jessica , Guyader Nathalie , Peyrin Carole 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Current models of visual perception suggest that during scene categorization, low spatial frequencies (LSF) are processed rapidly and activate plausible interpretations of visual input. This coarse analysis would then be used to guide subsequent processing of high spatial frequencies (HSF). The present fMRI study examined how processing of LSF may influence that of HSF by investigating the neural bases of the semantic interference effect. We used hybrid scenes as stimuli by combining LSF and HSF from two different scenes, and participants had to categorize the HSF scene. Categorization was impaired when LSF and HSF scenes were semantically dissimilar, suggesting that the LSF scene was processed automatically and interfered with categorization of the HSF scene. fMRI results revealed that this semantic interference effect was associated with increased activation in the inferior frontal gyrus, the superior parietal lobules, and the fusiform and parahippocampal gyri. Furthermore, a connectivity analysis (psychophysiological interaction) revealed that the semantic interference effect resulted in increasing connectivity between the right fusiform and the right inferior frontal gyri. Results support influential models suggesting that, during scene categorization, LSF information is processed rapidly in the pFC and activates plausible interpretations of the scene category. These coarse predictions would then initiate top–down influences on recognition-related areas of the inferotemporal cortex, and these could interfere with the categorization of HSF information in case of semantic dissimilarity to LSF.
Foreword
Authors: HORTON TAMMY , BŁAŻEWICZ-PASZKOWYCZ MAGDALENA , STAPLES DAVID A. , BIRD GRAHAM J. 
Published: August 2015

This special issue honours the life and work of Roger Bamber, who made an outstanding contribution to the field of marine biology and taxonomy. Roger died in February 2015 at the age of 65, from complications arising from severe motor neuron disease (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This was a tragic loss for his former wife Jane, family and all who knew him. The editors chose Zootaxa for this special issue since Roger had considerable involvement with the journal over many years as subject editor for the Pycnogonida, Tanaidacea and Cumacea. We are grateful to Zhi-Qiang Zhang, Editor-in-Chief of Zootaxa, for making this possible.
El Niño–Southern Oscillation Sea Level Pressure Anomalies in the Western Pacific: Why Are They There?*
Authors: Ji Xuan , Neelin J. David , Mechoso C. Roberto 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Although sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies in the western Pacific have long been recognized as an integral part of the classic Southern Oscillation pattern associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), there is an unresolved question regarding the dynamics that maintain these anomalies. Traditional studies of the ENSO response in the tropics assume a single deep baroclinic mode associated with the tropospheric temperature anomalies. However, the SLP anomalies in the western Pacific are spatially separated from the baroclinic signal in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, CMIP5 models, and an intermediate complexity model [a quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model (QTCM)]. Separation of ENSO SLP anomalies in the tropical Pacific into baroclinic and barotropic components indicates that the barotropic component contributes throughout the tropics and constitutes the primary contribution in the western Pacific. To demonstrate the roles of baroclinic and barotropic modes in ENSO teleconnections within the tropics, a series of QTCM experiments is performed, where anomalies in the interactions between baroclinic and barotropic modes are suppressed over increasingly wider latitudinal bands in the tropical Pacific. If this suppression is done in the 15°N–15°S band, the pressure signals in the western Pacific are only partly removed, whereas if it is done in the 30°N–30°S band, the anomalies in the western Pacific are almost entirely removed. This suggests the following pathway: interactions with SST anomalies create the baroclinic response in the central and eastern Pacific, but baroclinic–barotropic interactions, arising substantially in the subtropical Pacific, generate a barotropic response that yields the SLP anomalies in the western Pacific.
Paleoclimate Sampling as a Sensor Placement Problem
Authors: Comboul Maud , Emile-Geay Julien , Hakim Gregory J. , Evans Michael N. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study formulates the design of optimal observing networks for past surface climate conditions as the solution to a data assimilation problem, given a realistic proxy system model (PSM), paleoclimate observational uncertainties, and a network of current and proposed observing sites. The method is illustrated with the design of optimal networks of coral δ18O records, chosen among candidate sites, and used to jointly infer sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) fields from the Community Climate System Model, version 4, last millennium simulation over the 1850–2005 period. It is shown that an existing paleo-observing network accounts for approximately 20% of the SST variance, and that adding 25 to 100 optimal pseudocoral sites would boost this fraction to 35%–52%. Characterizing the SST variance alone, or jointly with the SSS, leads to similar optimal networks, which justifies using coral δ18O records for SST reconstructions. In contrast, the network design for reconstructing SSS alone is fundamentally different, emphasizing the hydroclimatic centers of action of El Niño–Southern Oscillation. In all cases, network design depends strongly on the amplitude of the observational error, so replicates may be more beneficial than the exploration of new sites; these replicates tend to be chosen where proxies are already informative of the large-scale climate field(s). Finally, extensions to other types of paleoclimatic observations are discussed, and a path to operationalization is outlined.
First human case of avian influenza A (H5N6) in Yunnan province, China
Authors: He Jibo , Duan Jing 
Published: August 2015

Objective: To report clinical, virological, and epidemiological features of the first death caused by a H5N6 avian influenza virus in Yunnan Province, China. Method: The case was described in clinical expression, chest radiography, blood test and treatment. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect H5N6 virus RNA in clinical and environment samples. Epidemiological investigation was performed including case exposure history determinant, close contacts follow up, and environment sample collection. Results: The patient initially developed sore throat and coughs on 27 January 2015. The disease progressed to severe pneumonia, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. And the patient died on 6 February. A highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N6 virus was isolated from the tracheal aspirate specimen of the patient. The viral genome analyses revealed that the H5 hemmagglutinin gene belongs to 2.3.4.4 clade. Epidemiological investigation showed that the patient had exposure to wild bird. All close contacts of the patient did not present the same disease in seven consecutive days. A high H5 positive rate was detected in environmental samples from local live poultry markets. Conclusion: The findings suggest that studies on the source of the virus, transmission models, serologic investigations, vaccines, and enhancing surveillance in both humans and birds are necessary.
Hyperdynamic left ventricular ejection fraction in the intensive care unit
Authors: Paonessa Joseph R. , Brennan Thomas , Pimentel Marco , Steinhaus Daniel , Feng Mengling , Celi Leo Anthony 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Limited information exists on the etiology, prevalence, and significance of hyperdynamic left ventricular ejection fraction (HDLVEF) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Our aim in the present study was to compare characteristics and outcomes of patients with HDLVEF with those of patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction in the ICU using a large, public, deidentified critical care database.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal, single-center, retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent echocardiography during a medical or surgical ICU admission at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center using the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II database. The final cohort had 2867 patients, of whom 324 had HDLVEF, defined as an ejection fraction >70 %. Patients with an ejection fraction <55 % were excluded.

Results
Compared with critically ill patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction, the finding of HDLVEF in critically ill patients was associated with female sex, increased age, and the diagnoses of hypertension and cancer. Patients with HDLVEF had increased 28-day mortality compared with those with normal ejection fraction in multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, Elixhauser score for comorbidities, vasopressor use, and mechanical ventilation use (odds ratio 1.38, 95 % confidence interval 1.039–1.842, p =0.02).

Conclusions
The presence of HDLVEF portended increased 28-day mortality, and may be helpful as a gravity marker for prognosis in patients admitted to the ICU. Further research is warranted to gain a better understanding of how these patients respond to common interventions in the ICU and to determine if pharmacologic modulation of HDLVEF improves outcomes.
Comparison of variations detection between whole-genome amplification methods used in single-cell resequencing
Authors: Hou Yong , Wu Kui , Shi Xulian , Li Fuqiang , Song Luting , Wu Hanjie , Dean Michael , Li Guibo , Tsang Shirley , Jiang Runze , Zhang Xiaolong , Li Bo , Liu Geng , Bedekar Niharika , Lu Na , Xie Guoyun , Liang Han , Chang Liao , Wang Ting , Chen Jianghao , Li Yingrui , Zhang Xiuqing , Yang Huanming , Xu Xun , Wang Ling , Wang Jun 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background
Single-cell resequencing (SCRS) provides many biomedical advances in variations detection at the single-cell level, but it currently relies on whole genome amplification (WGA). Three methods are commonly used for WGA: multiple displacement amplification (MDA), degenerate-oligonucleotide-primed PCR (DOP-PCR) and multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles (MALBAC). However, a comprehensive comparison of variations detection performance between these WGA methods has not yet been performed.

Results
We systematically compared the advantages and disadvantages of different WGA methods, focusing particularly on variations detection. Low-coverage whole-genome sequencing revealed that DOP-PCR had the highest duplication ratio, but an even read distribution and the best reproducibility and accuracy for detection of copy-number variations (CNVs). However, MDA had significantly higher genome recovery sensitivity (~84 %) than DOP-PCR (~6 %) and MALBAC (~52 %) at high sequencing depth. MALBAC and MDA had comparable single-nucleotide variations detection efficiency, false-positive ratio, and allele drop-out ratio. We further demonstrated that SCRS data amplified by either MDA or MALBAC from a gastric cancer cell line could accurately detect gastric cancer CNVs with comparable sensitivity and specificity, including amplifications of 12p11.22 (KRAS) and 9p24.1 (JAK2, CD274, and PDCD1LG2).

Conclusions
Our findings provide a comprehensive comparison of variations detection performance using SCRS amplified by different WGA methods. It will guide researchers to determine which WGA method is best suited to individual experimental needs at single-cell level.
Convento di San Francesco a Folloni: the function of a Medieval Franciscan Friary seen through the burials
Authors: Torino Marielva , Boldsen Jesper L , Tarp Peter , Rasmussen Kaare Lund , Skytte Lilian , Nielsen Lisbeth , Schiavone Simone , Terrasi Filippo , Passariello Isabella , Ricci Paola , Lubritto Carmine 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background
The Franciscan Friary in Montella near Avellino in Southern Italy is of special interest because according to historical sources it was founded by St. Francis himself in AD 1221–1222. Human remains of several hundred individuals interred in the cloister walk have been unearthed during two excavation campaigns conducted in 2007–2008 and 2010. The environs of the friary have remained rural since the foundation preventing much modern contamination. The state of preservation of the skeletons is fair to good making a suite of analyses worthwhile.

Results
The skeletons have been examined anthropologically and tissue samples have been subjected to radiocarbon dating, stable isotope measurements and trace element analyses by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.

Conclusions
The radiocarbon dates are consistent with the historical sources and show that the cemetery in the cloister walk has been in uninterrupted use from the foundation of the friary in AD 1221–1222 and until the cemetery went out of use in AD 1524. The anthropological investigations show that the individuals interred at the friary would have been shorter than other Italians from the same time, and it seems that tuberculosis was more prevalent than leprosy. Isotopic measurements show a mixed agricultural and pastoral diet and none of the individuals were consuming marine protein. Based on the trace element analysis it seems that the people resided mainly at two distinct geographical areas, one of which was Montella. One individual stands out from the rest, because he was born and raised at some third geographical location distinct from Montella and because he sports the second oldest radiocarbon date of AD 1050–1249 (two sigma calibrated range). This date is consistent with the first generation of the founders of the friary—perhaps one of St. Francis’ fellow travellers from Assisi.
Genome-Wide Mapping and Interrogation of the Nmp4 Antianabolic Bone Axis
Authors: Childress Paul , Stayrook Keith R. , Alvarez Marta B. , Wang Zhiping , Shao Yu , Hernandez-Buquer Selene , Mack Justin K. , Grese Zachary R. , He Yongzheng , Horan Daniel , Pavalko Fredrick M. , Warden Stuart J. , Robling Alexander G. , Yang Feng-Chun , Allen Matthew R. , Krishnan Venkatesh , Liu Yunlong , Bidwell Joseph P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPTH is an osteoanabolic for treating osteoporosis but its potency wanes. Disabling the transcription factor nuclear matrix protein 4 (Nmp4) in healthy, ovary-intact mice enhances bone response to PTH and bone morphogenetic protein 2 and protects from unloading-induced osteopenia. These Nmp4−/− mice exhibit expanded bone marrow populations of osteoprogenitors and supporting CD8+ T cells. To determine whether the Nmp4−/− phenotype persists in an osteoporosis model we compared PTH response in ovariectomized (ovx) wild-type (WT) and Nmp4−/− mice. To identify potential Nmp4 target genes, we performed bioinformatic/pathway profiling on Nmp4 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data. Mice (12 w) were ovx or sham operated 4 weeks before the initiation of PTH therapy. Skeletal phenotype analysis included microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, serum profiles, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and the growth/mineralization of cultured WT and Nmp4−/− bone marrow mesenchymal stem progenitor cells (MSPCs). ChIP-seq data were derived using MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts, murine embryonic stem cells, and 2 blood cell lines. Ovx Nmp4−/− mice exhibited an improved response to PTH coupled with elevated numbers of osteoprogenitors and CD8+ T cells, but were not protected from ovx-induced bone loss. Cultured Nmp4−/− MSPCs displayed enhanced proliferation and accelerated mineralization. ChIP-seq/gene ontology analyses identified target genes likely under Nmp4 control as enriched for negative regulators of biosynthetic processes. Interrogation of mRNA transcripts in nondifferentiating and osteogenic differentiating WT and Nmp4−/− MSPCs was performed on 90 Nmp4 target genes and differentiation markers. These data suggest that Nmp4 suppresses bone anabolism, in part, by regulating IGF-binding protein expression. Changes in Nmp4 status may lead to improvements in osteoprogenitor response to therapeutic cues.
Host manipulation by an ichneumonid spider ectoparasitoid that takes advantage of preprogrammed web-building behaviour for its cocoon protection
Authors: Takasuka Keizo , Yasui Tomoki , Ishigami Toru , Nakata Kensuke , Matsumoto Rikio , Ikeda Kenichi , Maeto Kaoru 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Host manipulation by parasites and parasitoids is a fascinating phenomenon within evolutionary ecology, representing an example of extended phenotypes. To elucidate the mechanism of host manipulation, revealing the origin and function of the invoked actions is essential. Our study focused on the ichneumonid spider ectoparasitoid Reclinervellus nielseni, which turns its host spider (Cyclosa argenteoalba) into a drugged navvy, to modify the web structure into a more persistent cocoon web so that the wasp can pupate safely on this web after the spider's death. We focused on whether the cocoon web originated from the resting web that an unparasitized spider builds before moulting, by comparing web structures, building behaviour and silk spectral/tensile properties. We found that both resting and cocoon webs have reduced numbers of radii decorated by numerous fibrous threads and specific decorating behaviour was identical, suggesting that the cocoon web in this system has roots in the innate resting web and ecdysteroid-related components may be responsible for the manipulation. We also show that these decorations reflect UV light, possibly to prevent damage by flying web-destroyers such as birds or large insects. Furthermore, the tensile test revealed that the spider is induced to repeat certain behavioural steps in addition to resting web construction so that many more threads are laid down for web reinforcement.
Nutrition in team sports<p>Takım sporlarında beslenme
Authors: Eskici Günay 
Published: August 2015

<p>Adequate and balanced nutrition is critical for success in sports. Besides questions such as how much food needs to be consumed at what intervals and what kind of nutrients should be available for an adequate and balanced nutrition, it is also important to know what sport branch the individuals are involved in. Sport branches can be categorized into three groups as endurance sports, strength/power sports and team sports. Basic nutrition rules which are significant for sports nutrition among sport branches can, in spite of being comparable, differ to some extent in terms of the significance of utilized energy systems and nutrients. Team sport is a branch which requires intermittent high intensity activity, and where anaerobic energy systems are rather dominant, and dehydration and hydration are important issues. Most team sports involve seasonal competitions, and they are played as weekly league games or tournaments held daily or once in a few days. Players’ observing their nutrition during the busy competition seasons and other times has critical bearing in terms of their recovery and performance.</p><p align="left"><strong>Özet:</strong></p><p>Sporda başarı için yeterli ve dengeli beslenmenin önemi büyüktür. Yeterli ve dengeli beslenmek için ne zaman ne kadar besin tüketilmeli ve hangi besin öğelerine yer verilmeli gibi konuların yanı sıra, hangi spor dalı ile uğraşıldığının bilinmesi de önem taşımaktadır. Spor dalları dayanıklılık sporları, kuvvet/güç sporları ve takım sporları olmak üzere üç grup altında toplanabilir. Spor dalları arasında spor beslenmesi için önemli olan temel beslenme kuralları birbirine benzer olmakla birlikte, kullanılan enerji sistemleri ve besin öğelerinin önemi açısından bazı farklılıklar söz konusu olabilmektedir. Takım sporları, spor dalları arasında aralıklı yüksek şiddetli aktivite gerektiren, daha çok anaerobik enerji sisteminin baskın olduğu, sıvı kaybı ve hidrasyonun önem taşıdığı spor dallarıdır. Çoğu takım sporu sezonluk yarışmaları içermekte, yarışmalar haftalık lig oyunları veya her gün ya da birkaç günde bir düzenlenen turnuvalar şeklinde oynanmaktadır. Oyuncuların bu yoğun maç dönemlerinde ve sezon dışında beslenmelerine dikkat etmeleri toparlanma ve performansları açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.<strong></strong></p>
The prevalence of melanocortin-4 receptor gene mutations in Slovak obese children and adolescents
Authors: Polák Emil , Vitáriušová Eva , Celec Peter , Pribilincová Zuzana , Košťálová Ľudmila , Hlavatá Anna , Kovács László , Kádaši Ľudevít 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMelanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) deficiency is the most frequent monogenic form of obesity. The contribution of
Effect of 6-months’ vitamin D supplementation on residual beta cell function in children with type 1 diabetes: a case control interventional study
Authors: Mishra Atindra , Dayal Devi , Sachdeva Naresh , Attri Savita Verma 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term vitamin D supplementation on the decline of residual beta cell function (RBCF) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: The study involved an intervention group (cholecalciferol 2000 IU/day and calcium 25 mg/kg/day for 6 months) comprising 15 children aged 6–12 years and within 1–2 years of diagnosis of T1D. Fifteen age-matched T1D patients were followed up as controls. Stimulated C-peptide levels were estimated at baseline and 6 months.

Results: The mean decrease in stimulated C-peptide levels in the intervention group was lower (–0.048±0.15 ng/mL) as compared with the controls (–0.107±0.23 ng/mL) but did not reach statistical significance (p=0.472). The percent decrease in stimulated C-peptide from baseline to endpoint (8.3% vs. 20.3%, p=0.357) and the monthly decrease (0.008 ng/mL vs. 0.017 ng/mL, p=0.22) were non-significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group. Three (20%) patients progressed to undetectable stimulated C-peptide (≤0.01 ng/mL) over the study period in the control group as compared with one (6%) in the intervention group (p-value 0.260).

Conclusions: There was a trend towards lesser decline of RBCF with short term cholecalciferol supplementation in children with T1D. Further larger studies are urgently needed to explore the beneficial effects of the relatively inexpensive vitamin D supplementation on RBCF.
Toward an Elaboration of a More Pluralistic Legal Landscape for Developing West African Countries: Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) and Law and Development
Authors: Hiez David , Menétrey Séverine 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn Europe and especially in France, the African business law landscape, as well as the legal discourse, for developing West African countries is almost exclusively dedicated to OHADA, the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa, created in 1993. While economic development in the Member States is the obvious underlying reason for the modernization and unification of African business law, the exact nature of such development remains uncertain, as does the manner in which a such result can or will be achieved. OHADA’s Uniform Acts are, with some minor exceptions, a carbon copy of French business law. The only goal is to increase international investment, which, in turn, is expected to generate economic development, but all without taking any notice of equality or social justice issues. That, without a doubt, is the reason why OHADA is constantly criticized as a law that benefits foreign investors, while remaining ineffective, even illusory, for local traders. To go beyond the criticism, the authors have decided to focus on the relationship between law and the informal sector and to draw lines between formal and informal rules in the business sector.