bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological and psychological effects of walking on young males in urban parks in winter
Authors: Song Chorong , Joung Dawou , Ikei Harumi , Igarashi Miho , Aga Mariko , Park Bum-Jin , Miwa Masayuki , Takagaki Michiko , Miyazaki Yoshifumi 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Interaction with nature has a relaxing effect on humans. Increasing attention has been focused on the therapeutic effects of urban green space; however, there is a lack of evidence-based field research. This study provided scientific evidence supporting the physiological and psychological effects of walking on young males in urban parks in winter.

Findings
Subjects (13 males aged 22.5 ± 3.1 years) were instructed to walk predetermined 15-minute courses in an urban park (test) and in the city area (control). Heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured to assess physiological responses. The semantic differential (SD) method, Profile of Mood States (POMS), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to determine psychological responses.
Heart rate was significantly lower and the natural logarithm of the high frequency component of HRV was significantly higher when walking through the urban park than through the city area. The results of three questionnaires indicated that walking in the urban park improved mood and decreased negative feelings and anxiety.

Conclusions
Physiological and psychological data from this field experiment provide important scientific evidence regarding the health benefits of walking in an urban park. The results support the premise that walking in an urban park has relaxing effects even in winter.
Isolation and partial characterization of a L-rhamnose-binding lectin from the globiferous pedicellariae of the toxopneustid sea urchin, Toxopneustes pileolus
Authors: Sakai Hitomi , Edo Kozue , Nakagawa Hideyuki , Shinohara Mitsuko , Nishiitsutsuji Rie , Ohura Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A novel lectin from the large globiferous pedicellariae of the toxopneustid sea urchin, Toxopneustes pileolus, was isolated by a combination of gel permeation chromatography and affinity chromatography techniques. On an SDS-PAGE gel, single bands were detected with relative molecular weights of 28 and 170 kDa in the presence and absence of 2-mercaptoethanol, respectively, suggesting that this lectin is present as a homohexamer. The 170-kDa lectin was named sea urchin lectin-III (SUL-III). The N-terminal partial amino acid sequence of the intact 28-kDa subunit of SUL-III was determined as follows: RCPQPAALPYRIAQIGNRFL. Agglutination of rabbit erythrocytes by SUL-III was most effectively inhibited by L-rhamnose. SUL-III induced mitogenic stimulation on murine splenocytes. These results suggest that SUL-III may be a novel L-rhamnose-binding lectin with potent bioactivity.
Ependymal cells of the mouse brain express urate transporter 1 (URAT1)
Authors: Tomioka Naoko H , Nakamura Makiko , Doshi Masaru , Deguchi Yoshiharu , Ichida Kimiyoshi , Morisaki Takayuki , Hosoyamada Makoto 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Elevated uric acid (UA) is commonly associated with gout and it is also a known cardiovascular disease risk factor. In contrast to such deleterious effects, UA possesses neuroprotective properties in the brain and elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved may have significant value regarding the therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative disease. However, it is not yet fully established how UA levels are regulated in the brain. In this study, we investigated the distribution of mouse urate transporter 1 (URAT1) in the brain. URAT1 is a major reabsorptive urate transporter predominantly found in the kidney.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry of wild type and URAT1 knockout mouse brain using paraffin or frozen sections and a rabbit polyclonal anti-mouse URAT1 antibody were employed.

Results
Antibody specificity was confirmed by the lack of immunostaining in brain tissue from URAT1 knockout mice. URAT1 was distributed throughout the ventricular walls of the lateral ventricle, dorsal third ventricle, ventral third ventricle, aqueduct, and fourth ventricle, but not in the non-ciliated tanycytes in the lower part of the ventral third ventricle. URAT1 was localized to the apical membrane, including the cilia, of ependymal cells lining the wall of the ventricles that separates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue.

Conclusion
In this study, we report that URAT1 is expressed on cilia and the apical surface of ventricular ependymal cells. This is the first report to demonstrate expression of the urate transporter in ventricular ependymal cells and thus raises the possibility of a novel urate transport system involving CSF.
Crime and immigration: new evidence from England and Wales
Authors: Jaitman Laura , Machin Stephen 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
We study a high profile public policy question on immigration, namely the link between crime and immigration, presenting new evidence from England and Wales in the 2000s. For studying immigration impacts, this period is of considerable interest as the composition of migration to the UK altered dramatically with the accession of Eastern European countries (the A8) to the European Union in 2004. As we show, this has important implications for ensuring a causal impact of immigration can be identified. When we are able to implement a credible research design with statistical power, we find no evidence of an average causal impact of immigration on crime, nor do we when we consider A8 and Non-A8 immigration separately. We also study London by itself as the immigration changes over time in the capital city were large. Again, we find no causal impact of immigration on crime from our spatial econometric analysis and also present evidence from unique data on arrests of natives and immigrants in London which shows no immigrant differences in the likelihood of being arrested.

JEL keywords: Crime; Immigration; Enclaves; A8

JEL classifications: F22, K42
Sibling Donor and Recipient Immune Modulation With Atorvastatin for the Prophylaxis of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Hamadani Mehdi , Gibson Laura F. , Remick Scot C. , Wen Sijin , Petros William , Tse William , Brundage Kathleen M. , Vos Jeffrey A. , Cumpston Aaron , Bunner Pamela , Craig Michael D. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Atorvastatin is a potent immunomodulatory agent that holds promise as a novel and safe agent for acute GVHD prophylaxis.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a phase II trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of atorvastatin administration for GVHD prophylaxis in both adult donors and recipients of matched sibling allogeneic HCT. Atorvastatin (40 mg per day orally) was administered to sibling donors, starting 14 to 28 days before the anticipated first day of stem-cell collection. In HCT recipients (n = 30), GVHD prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus, short-course methotrexate, and atorvastatin (40 mg per day orally).ResultsAtorvastatin administration in healthy donors and recipients was not associated with any grade 3 to 4 adverse events. Cumulative incidence rates of grade 2 to 4 acute GVHD at days +100 and +180 were 3.3% (95% CI, 0.2% to 14.8%) and 11.1% (95% CI, 2.7% to 26.4%), respectively. One-year cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 52.3% (95% CI, 27.6% to 72.1%). Viral and fungal infections were infrequent. One-year cumulative incidences of nonrelapse mortality and relapse were 9.8% (95% CI, 1.4% to 28%) and 25.4% (95% CI, 10.9% to 42.9%), respectively. One-year overall survival and progression-free survival were 74% (95% CI, 58% to 96%) and 65% (95% CI, 48% to 87%), respectively. Compared with baseline, atorvastatin administration in sibling donors was associated with a trend toward increased mean plasma interleukin-10 concentrations (5.6 v 7.1 pg/mL; P = .06).ConclusionA novel two-pronged strategy of atorvastatin administration in both donors and recipients of matched sibling allogeneic HCT seems to be a feasible, safe, and potentially effective strategy to prevent acute GVHD.
Robust and Adaptive Network Flows
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Nasrabadi Ebrahim , Stiller Sebastian 
Published: October 2013

We study network flow problems in an uncertain environment from the viewpoint of robust optimization. In contrast to previous work, we consider the case that the network parameters (e.g., capacities) are known and deterministic, but the network structure (e.g., nodes and arcs) is subject to uncertainty. In this paper, we study the robust and adaptive versions of the maximum flow problem and minimum cut problems in networks with node and arc failures, and establish structural and computational results. The adaptive two-stage model adjusts the solution after the realization of the failures in the network. This leads to a more flexible model and yields less conservative solutions compared to the robust model. We show that the robust maximum flow problem can be solved in polynomial time, but the robust minimum cut problem is NP-hard. We also prove that the adaptive versions are NP-hard. We further characterize the adaptive model as a two-person zero-sum game and prove the existence of an equilibrium in such games. Moreover, we consider a path-based formulation of flows in contrast to the more commonly used arc-based version of flows. This leads to a different model of robustness for maximum flows. We analyze this problem as well and develop a simple linear optimization model to obtain approximate solutions. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of adaptive maximum flows over time in networks with transit times on the arcs. Unlike the deterministic case, we show that this problem is NP-hard on series-parallel graphs even for the case that only one arc is allowed to fail. Finally, we propose heuristics based on linear optimization models that exhibit strong computational performance for large-scale instances.
The role of social media in the formation of public opinion towards Islamists: A content analysis
Authors: Gazzar Nagwa El 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Internet technologies – and specifically social media – have provided Egyptians with a new public space for communication and expression, as they offer a chance to participate in discussions about matters of common concern. The virtual world of Face-book offers participants a chance to interpret news provided by the media, shape or re-shape them according to their ideologies and post them via the wall, which is considered a free open forum for discussion.
This research aims to investigate the way users of social media – particularly Facebook groups and Twitter users – express their opinions towards the emerging Islamic movement in Egypt. It argues that both comments and opinions expressed through social media – whether pro or anti-Islamist – show specific frames of expression that are formed and spread over the interactive nature of social media. Research questions investigated the different frames used by Islamists and non-Islamists; the arguments or reasons used by social media users to support those frames; the descriptions of evidence used to support their point of view; and finally, the overall tone of the social media message. The wall comments on online editions of newspapers and Tweets have been analysed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis was conducted across two phases in the years 2011 and 2012. The results of the content analysis verified the development of a new negative attitude towards Islamists, and a shift from positive attitudes and optimistic public opinion towards Islamists to the opposite side of having a negative public opinion towards their political performance.
Experiencing ‘an opening’
Authors: Whalley Joanne ‘Bob’ , Miller Lee 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article asks a fundamental question that is close to the authors’ heart: ‘What is Yoga?’, and then how this might influence both the execution and readings of various body-based performance practices, with a particular focus being given to the in preparation for performance art. Using their own burgeoning relationship to Ashtanga yoga as its base and its filter as an ad hoc training for witnessing performance art, the authors focus upon three interrelated pieces by Marina Abramovic´ (Marina Abramovic´ Presents … as part of the Manchester International Festival, Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester, UK, The Pigs of Today are the Hams of Tomorrow, Plymouth, UK and The Artist is Present at MoMA, New York, USA).
Infrared detectors for space applications
Authors: Fick Wolfgang , Gassmann Kai Uwe , Haas Luis-Dieter , Haiml Markus , Hanna Stefan , Hübner Dominique , Höhnemann Holger , Nothaft Hans-Peter , Thöt Richard 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The motivation and intended benefits for the use of infrared (IR) detectors for space applications are highlighted. The actual status of state-of-the-art IR detectors for space applications is presented based on some of AIM’s currently ongoing focal plane detector module developments covering the spectral range from the short-wavelength IR (SWIR) to the long-wavelength IR (LWIR) and very long-wavelength IR (VLWIR), where both imaging and spectroscopy applications will be addressed. In particular, the integrated detector cooler assemblies for a mid-wavelength IR (MWIR) push-broom imaging satellite mission, for the German hyperspectral satellite mission EnMAP and the IR detectors for the Sentinel 3 SLSTR will be elaborated. Additionally, dedicated detector modules for LWIR/VLWIR sounding, providing the possibility to have two different PVs driven by one ROIC, will be addressed.
A silent myocardial infarction in the diabetes outpatient clinic: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Draman M S , Thabit H , Kiernan T J , O'Neill J , Sreenan S , McDermott J H 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Silent myocardial ischaemia (SMI), defined as objective evidence of myocardial ischaemia in the absence of symptoms, has important clinical implications for the patient with coronary artery disease. We present a dramatic case of SMI in a diabetes patient who attended annual review clinic with ST elevation myocardial infarction. His troponin was normal on admission but raised to 10.7 ng/ml (normal <0.5) when repeated the next day. His angiogram showed diffused coronary artery disease. We here discuss the implications of silent ischaemia for the patient and for the physician caring for patients with diabetes.

Learning points

Silent myocardial ischaemia (SMI) is an important clinical entity.

SMI is common and occurs with increased frequency in patients with diabetes.

SMI is an independent predictor of mortality.

Recognition may lead to early intervention.
Triglycerides-to-HDL ratio as a new marker of endothelial dysfunction in obese prepubertal children
Authors: de Giorgis Tommaso , Marcovecchio M Loredana , Di Giovanni Ilaria , Giannini Cosimo , Chiavaroli Valentina , Chiarelli Francesco , Mohn Angelika 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate whether there is an association of the triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol (TG:HDL-C) ratio with cardiovascular risk factors and early signs of vascular damage in obese prepubertal children.Design and methodsIn 50 obese (27 boys, 7.8±1.4 years) and 37 normal-weight (20 boys; 7.3±1.5 years) prepubertal children, anthropometric measurements, oxidative stress markers (urinary isoprostanes (PGF2α (prostaglandin F2α)), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE)) and insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and whole-body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI)) were evaluated. Lipids profile was assessed and the TG:HDL-C ratio was calculated. In addition, high-resolution ultrasound was performed to assess carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT).ResultsObese children showed significantly higher values of the TG:HDL-C ratio (1.9±1.1 vs 1.2±0.6, P=0.002) compared with controls. After dividing the population in tertiles of the TG:HDL-C ratio (<1.04, 1.04–1.67, >1.67), cIMT (P=0.0003), and HOMA-IR (P=0.0001) progressively increased from the lower to the upper tertile, whereas WBISI (P=0.0003) and sRAGE (P=0.05) progressively decreased. In a regression model, the TG:HDL ratio was significantly and positively associated with cIMT (r=0.493; P=0.0005). A cutoff point for TG:HDL-C ratio of 1.12 had 81% sensitivity and 49% specificity in the identification of children with cIMT values in the upper quartile (Area under the curve values from receiver operating characteristic curves=0.633±0.065, P=0.045).ConclusionThis study confirms the reliability of the TG:HDL-C ratio as a useful marker of cardiovascular risk. Interestingly, our results underline that the TG:HDL-C ratio is directly related with early signs of vascular damage already present in prepubertal children.
Computational modeling the electrocaloric effect for solid-state refrigeration
Authors: Barr J.A. , Nishimatsu T. , Beckman S.P. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe electrocaloric effect holds promise for possible application in refrigeration technologies. There is much interest in this subject and experimental studies have shown the possibility for creating materials with a modest sized electrocaloric response. However, theoretical studies lag behind the experimental effort due to the lack of computational methods to accurately study the finite temperature response. Here the freely distributed feram, an effective Hamiltonian molecular dynamics method, is demonstrated for predicting the electrocaloric response of BaTiO3.
Enhanced thermopower of GaN nanowires with transitional metal impurities
Authors: Nemnes G. A. , Visan Camelia , Mitran T. L. , Nicolaev Adela , Ion L. , Antohe S. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe thermopower properties of GaN nanowires with transitional metal impurities are investigated in the framework of constrained spin density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The nanowires are connected to nanoscopic Al[111] electrodes, which ensure a natural coupling to the wurtzite structure of the nanowires. We investigate the thermoelectric properties comparatively for the pristine GaN nanowire and the system with one Mn adatom. Our study points out the predicted qualitative behavior for systems with a peak in the total transmission, as well as the sign change in the thermopower. For the system with the magnetic impurity we find an enhanced conductance, thermopower and figure of merit. The detectable spin current polarization suggests the device structure may be also used in low temperature sensing applications.
Second order BVPs with state dependent impulses via lower and upper functions
Authors: Rachůnková Irena , Tomeček Jan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe paper deals with the following second order Dirichlet boundary value problem with p ∈ ℕ state-dependent impulses: z″(t) = f (t,z(t)) for a.e. t ∈ [0, T], z(0) = z(T) = 0, z′(τ i+) − z′(τ i−) = I i(τ i, z(τ i)), τ i = γ i(z(τ i)), i = 1,..., p. Solvability of this problem is proved under the assumption that there exists a well-ordered couple of lower and upper functions to the corresponding Dirichlet problem without impulses.
The Mukai conjecture for log Fano manifolds
Authors: Fujita Kento 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFor a log Fano manifold (X,D) with D ≠ 0 and of the log Fano pseudoindex ≥2, we prove that the restriction homomorphism Pic(X) → Pic(D 1) of Picard groups is injective for any irreducible component D 1 ⊂ D. The strategy of our proof is to run a certain minimal model program and is similar to Casagrande’s argument. As a corollary, we prove that the Mukai conjecture (resp. the generalized Mukai conjecture) implies the log Mukai conjecture (resp. the log generalized Mukai conjecture).
Your Participation Isgreatly/highlyAppreciated: Amplifier Collocations in L2 English
Authors: Edmonds Amanda , Gudmestad Aarnes 
Published: October 2013

Abstract:The current study sets out to investigate collocational knowledge for a set of 13 English amplifiers among native and nonnative speakers of English, by providing a partial replication of one of the projects reported on in Granger (1998). The project combines both phraseological and distributional approaches to research into formulaic language to examine whether natives and nonnatives demonstrate similar patterns of saliency and agreement in their judgments of adverb-adjective collocations. A total of 55 English native speakers and 120 Francophone learners of English (first-year university students, third-year university students, and Master’s students) completed two tasks targeting such collocations. Our quantitative analysis reveals that Master’s students and native speakers performed similarly on the different tasks, and that both groups differed significantly from the first- and third-year university learners. This pattern holds for all analyses of salience and for all but one analysis of agreement. We interpret these findings as evidence of development toward nativelike patterns with respect to the collocations under study.
The accuracy of predicting survival in individual patients with cancer
Authors: Kondziolka Douglas , Parry Phillip V. , Lunsford L. Dade , Kano Hideyuki , Flickinger John C. , Rakfal Susan , Arai Yoshio , Loeffler Jay S. , Rush Stephen , Knisely Jonathan P. S. , Sheehan Jason , Friedman William , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Francis Lanie , Lieberman Frank , Ahluwalia Manmeet S. , Linskey Mark E. , McDermott Michael , Sperduto Paul , Stupp Roger 
Published: October 2013

Object
Estimating survival time in cancer patients is crucial for clinicians, patients, families, and payers. To provide appropriate and cost-effective care, various data sources are used to provide rational, reliable, and reproducible estimates. The accuracy of such estimates is unknown.

Methods
The authors prospectively estimated survival in 150 consecutive cancer patients (median age 62 years) with brain metastases undergoing radiosurgery. They recorded cancer type, number of brain metastases, neurological presentation, extracranial disease status, Karnofsky Performance Scale score, Recursive Partitioning Analysis class, prior whole-brain radiotherapy, and synchronous or metachronous presentation. Finally, the authors asked 18 medical, radiation, or surgical oncologists to predict survival from the time of treatment.

Results
The actual median patient survival was 10.3 months (95% CI 6.4–14). The median physician-predicted survival was 9.7 months (neurosurgeons = 11.8 months, radiation oncologists = 11.0 months, and medical oncologist = 7.2 months). For patients who died before 10 months, both neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists generally predicted survivals that were more optimistic and medical oncologists that were less so, although no group could accurately predict survivors alive at 14 months. All physicians had individual patient survival predictions that were incorrect by as much as 12–18 months, and 14 of 18 physicians had individual predictions that were in error by more than 18 months. Of the 2700 predictions, 1226 (45%) were off by more than 6 months and 488 (18%) were off by more than 12 months.

Conclusions
Although crucial, predicting the survival of cancer patients is difficult. In this study all physicians were unable to accurately predict longer-term survivors. Despite valuable clinical data and predictive scoring techniques, brain and systemic management often led to patient survivals well beyond estimated survivals.