bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric cell divisions constructing Arabidopsis stem cell niches: the emerging role of protein phosphatases
Authors: Boyer F. , Simon R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPlant stem cell niches (SCNs) can be maintained in time through asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) that allow the production of new cell types while constantly renewing the pools of stem cells (SCs). ACDs in plants require the asymmetric distribution of molecular components inside the cells as well as external asymmetric positional information. These two types of asymmetric information are controlled by inter‐ and intracellular signalling events. Phosphorylation of proteins is a major intermediate step in these signalling events, serving either as an activator or repressor of signalling, via fast auto‐ and trans‐phosphorylation mechanisms. Whereas protein kinases, which phosphorylate proteins on serine, threonine or tyrosine residues, have been thoroughly studied, less attention has been given to protein phosphatases, which de‐phosphorylate their protein targets on these same residues. Phosphatases modulate the activity of signalling pathways by balancing the action of kinases, and are therefore critical in the regulation of ACDs in plants. In this review, we first present the different types of ACDs that operate during Arabidopsis embryonic and post‐embryonic development and participate in the construction and maintenance of its root and shoot SCNs; we then give a brief description of the main protein phosphatases so far described in the Arabidopsis genome; and finally discuss their functions toward the regulation of the ACDs introduced in the first part of the paper.
Ediacaran–Cambrian phosphorites from the western margins of Gondwana and Baltica
Authors: Álvaro J. Javier , Shields‐Zhou Graham A. , Ahlberg Per , Jensen Sören , Palacios Teodoro 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe late Ediacaran–mid Cambrian occurrences of phosphorites in the western Mediterranean region (West Gondwana) and southern Sweden (north‐west Baltica) are related to the poleward drift of West Gondwana and the northern drift of Baltica. As a result, these regions crossed subtropical and temperate palaeolatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, in which oceanic upwelling and high organic productivity were the probable sources of phosphorus along their western margins. A parallel south‐west/north‐east migration trend of evaporites and delayed, time transgressive phosphorites point to distal upwelling environments associated with shallower arid conditions. Concentration of hardground‐derived phosphate accumulations took place by repeated alternations of low sedimentation rates and condensation,in situearly diagenetic and microbially mediated precipitation of amorphous and cryptocrystalline, carbonate‐bearing francolite, winnowing and polyphase reworking of previously phosphatized skeletons and hardground‐derived clasts. Thicker phosphorites of economic importance display a spiculate sponge‐thromboid consortium that points to a distinct benthic community developed on suboxic, slope to basinal substrates. For most phosphorite samples an up to ten‐fold enrichment in rare earth element concentration relative to post‐Archaean average Australian shale reflects significant incorporation of rare earth elements and yttrium after deposition. Considerable scavenging took place from anoxic pore waters, following reductive dissolution of iron oxides as evidenced from the medium rare earth element enrichment in most samples. This contrasts with the rare preservation of primary sea water features, such as cerium depletion and yttrium enrichment, in phosphatized thrombolites from the shallower realms (for example, Montagne Noire). The data are consistent with phosphogenesis after upwelling and transgression of nutrient‐rich, suboxic–anoxic, ferruginous waters over more oxygenated, rifting settings and inland portions of an evolving passive margin.
Disentangling the Frequency and Severity of Bullying and Victimization in the Association with Empathy
Authors: van Noorden Tirza H. J. , Bukowski William M. , Haselager Gerbert J. T. , Lansu Tessa A. M. , Cillessen Antonius H. N. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study disentangled the frequency and perceived severity of experienced bullying and victimization by investigating their associations with cognitive and affective empathy. Participants were 800 children (7–12 years old) from third‐ to fifth‐grade classrooms who completed self‐report measures of the frequency and perceived severity of their bullying and victimization and of cognitive and affective empathy. Results showed that the frequency and perceived severity of bullying were moderately correlated in the entire sample but unrelated within the subsample of bullies. Frequency and perceived severity of victimization were significantly and positively correlated in the entire sample (moderate effect) and the subsample of victims (small effect). Frequent, but not severe, bullies reported less cognitive empathy than non‐bullies whereas both frequent and severe victims reported more affective empathy than non‐victims. Within subsamples of bullies and victims, frequency of bullying was negatively associated with cognitive and affective empathy, and perceived severity of bullying was positively associated with affective empathy. Frequency of victimization was not associated with cognitive and affective empathy, but perceived severity of victimization was positively associated with both forms of empathy.
Weed flora shifts and specialisation in winter oilseed rape in France
Authors: Fried G , Chauvel B , Reboud X 
Published: May 2015

SummaryTemporally repeated data sets can provide useful information about the management practices governing changes in the arable weed flora. This study aimed (i) to investigate changes in the most common weed species in winter oilseed rape crops in France between the 1970s and the 2000s and (ii) to pinpoint the main plant biological traits and associated management practices underlying the development of a specific weed flora in this crop. We compared two large‐scale surveys covering France in the 1970s and the 2000s, the later survey including several floristic samplings, on two dates, and both herbicide‐free control and treated plots. This last survey aimed to identify the species best able to maintain high densities over a growing season of oilseed rape. Since the 1970s, the frequency of two‐thirds (69%) of the 26 most common species has changed, spectacularly in some cases, with several species once considered rare becoming very common (e.g. Geranium dissectum) and, conversely, some formerly common species becoming rarer (e.g. Stellaria media). Our results indicated a general strong increase in specialist weeds of oilseed rape. Weed species success was favoured by tolerance to oilseed rape herbicides and germination synchronous with the crop. The proportion of specialist oilseed rape weed species tended to increase with herbicide treatment intensity and to decrease with increases in the proportion of spring‐sown crops in the rotation. Changes to the rotation may therefore constitute an additional or alternative means of controlling some weeds well adapted to oilseed rape crops.
ABSTRACT VORONOI DIAGRAMS WITH DISCONNECTED REGIONS
Authors: BOHLER CECILIA , KLEIN ROLF 
Published: May 2015

Abstract Voronoi diagrams, AVDs for short, are based on bisecting curves enjoying simple combinatorial properties, rather than on the geometric notions of sites and distance. They serve as a unifying concept. Once the bisector system of any concrete type of Voronoi diagram is shown to fulfill the AVD axioms, structural results and efficient algorithms become available without further effort; for example, the first optimal algorithms for constructing nearest Voronoi diagrams of disjoint convex objects, or of line segments under the Hausdorff metric, have been obtained this way. One of these axioms stated that all Voronoi regions must be pathwise connected, a property quite useful in divide&conquer and randomized incremental construction algorithms. Yet, there are concrete Voronoi diagrams where this axiom fails to hold. In this paper we consider, for the first time, abstract Voronoi diagrams with disconnected regions. By combining a randomized incremental construction technique with trapezoidal decomposition we obtain an algorithm that runs in expected time [Formula: see text], where s is the maximum number of faces a Voronoi region in a subdiagram of three sites can have, and where mj denotes the average number of faces per region in any subdiagram of j sites. In the connected case, where s = 1 = mj , this results in the known optimal bound [Formula: see text].
Released Lipids Regulate Transient Receptor Potential Channel (TRP)-Dependent Oral Cancer Pain
Authors: Ruparel Shivani , Bendele Michelle , Wallace Ashley , Green Dustin 
Published: May 2015

Background Pain in the head neck area is an early symptom in oral cancer, supporting the hypothesis that cancer cells control the activities of surrounding nociceptors at the site of the tumor. Several reports implicate TRPV1 and TRPA1 in cancer pain, although there is a large gap in knowledge since the mechanisms for tumor-induced activation of these TRP receptors are unknown. Interestingly, TRP-active lipids such as linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid are significantly elevated in the saliva of oral cancer patients compared to normal patients, supporting a possible linkage between these lipids and oral cancer pain. We therefore hypothesize that oral squamous cell carcinomas release certain lipids that activate TRPV1 and/or TRPA1 on sensory neurons, contributing to the development of oral cancer pain. Methods Lipid extracts were made from conditioned media of three human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines as well as one normal human oral keratinocytes cell line. These were then injected intraplantarly into rat hindpaws to measure spontaneous nocifensive behavior, as well as thermal and mechanical allodynia. For interventional experiments, the animals were pretreated with AMG517 (TRPV1 antagonist) or HC030031 (TRPA1 antagonist) prior to extract injection. Results These studies demonstrate that lipids released from the three OSCC cell lines, but not the normal cell line, were capable of producing significant spontaneous nocifensive behaviors, as well as thermal and mechanical allodynia. Notably each of the cell lines produced a different magnitude of response for each of three behavioral assays. Importantly, pre-treatment with a TRPVI antagonist blocked lipid-mediated nocifensive and thermal hypersensitivity, but not mechanical hypersensitivity. In addition, pre-treatment with a TRPA1 antagonist only reversed thermal hypersensitivity without affecting lipid-induced nocifensive behavior or mechanical allodynia. Conclusions These data reveal a novel mechanism for cancer pain and provide strong direction for future studies evaluating the cellular mechanism regulating the TRP-active lipids by OSCC tumors.
Distribution of Voltage Induced by Parallel Transmission Line Along Dead and Grounded Line
Authors: Токарский  , Tokarskiy A. , Рубцова  , Rubtsova Nina 
Published: May 2015

Calculation algorithm for Currents and voltages induced by electric field of operating overhead transmission line (OTL) along
dead and grounded parallel OTL is presented. The data indicates the coincidence of the results of calculation under OTL
parameters outside the &#34;dead zone&#34; obtained by Carson’ method and calculation with hequ method not having a &#34;dead zone&#34;.
Mobility Integration of ERP systems
Authors: Lozano Álvaro , Villarrubia Gabriel , López Alberto 
Published: May 2015

Nowadays a lot of enterprises work with ERP systems. It usefulness is generally used in office environments and different enterprises which offer this software are developing mobile applications. These mobile applications work with their own system and they don’t usually work in other platforms. Currently any mobile application can communicate with more than one ERP system because each one has its own communications methods. This article presents a system that expect unify the communication between different ERP systems and allows mobile applications to communicate with them in a homogeneous way.
Spatial Marking and Quantitative Counting Cell Membrane αIIbβ3Integrin in Single Cells via Peptide-Au Cluster Probes
Authors: Zhao Lina , Gao Xueyun 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe propose a theoretical designed peptide-Au cluster probe and realize spatially marking and quantitatively counting αIIbβ3integrin via this novel nanoprobe. On single cell level, we find the number of αIIbβ3integrin ranges from 5.75 to 9.11×10-17mol for the heteroexpression of individual cells. Because the variation of proteins (including integrin and other biomarkers) on single cell has a tight correlation with many serious human diseases, our quantifying protein method on a single cell level is helpful for estimating the disease progression for diagnosis and detecting the drug response for therapy.
Direct Writing of Hydrophobic Sol-Gel Patterns
Authors: Banerjee Derrick A. , Sierros Konstantinos A. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTSolution-based fabrication methods have been widely used for depositing uniform functional coatings. These coatings can be utilized in a variety of applications such as optoelectronics, biomedical, and energy. However, such fabrication techniques are not appropriate for directly depositing patterned micro/nano-scale features, which are required in many contact-based applications such as in MEMS.In this work we propose the direct writing of hydrophobic silica-based sol-gel patterns with sustained functionality and their subsequent tribological characterization. Such an approach may be an advantageous alternative to current lithography-based methods due to the relative ease of processing and low material waste. This investigation involves the abrasive wear and frictional analysis of patterned fluorinated silica sol-gel coatings that are directly printed onto glass substrates with a robotically controlled pneumatic nozzle system. Such work sheds light on the tribological properties of lithography-free processed hydrophobic patterns for applications spanning from micromotors to biomedical fluidic devices.
Non-aqueous PEDOT:PSS dispersion for improved inverted organic solar cells
Authors: Schumann Stefan , Elschner Andreas , Gaiser Detlef , Lövenich Wilfried 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA non-aqueous Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) dispersion was developed to enable the accommodation of non-polar additives. This additional functionalisation targets selected interface characteristics and results in an improved adhesion of PEDOT:PSS on the photo-active layer. Such mechanical robustness is paramount in inverted organic photovoltaic cells contributing to improved long-term stability.
Emergência e uso da perífrase conjuncional no que: gramaticalização, polissemia e argumentação
Authors: Longhin Sanderléia Roberta 
Published: May 2015

Resumo: Neste trabalho, investigo as construções de junção mobilizadas pela perífrase no que, entendendo-as como uma instância recente de gramaticalização que contribui para ampliação do repertório conjuncional do português brasileiro. Com base em dados de no que extraídos de textos narrativos, procedentes de enunciação falada e escrita, busco consolidar dois objetivos: (i) descrever aspectos do processo de constituição de no que como juntor perifrástico, particularmente no que toca à reanálise sintagmática e à emergência dos sentidos; e, (ii) analisar as condições de uso de no que, visando a explicitar a manobra argumentativa que singulariza o juntor e que ajuda a compreender suas motivações de uso.Palavras-chave: Gramaticalização; Junção; Polissemia; Argumentação. Abstract: In this work I investigate junction constructions mobilized by the periphrasis no que, considering them as a recent instance of grammaticalization that contributes to enhance the conjunctional repertoire of Brazilian Portuguese. Based on no que data extracted from narrative texts, both from spoken and written enunciations, I seek to achieve two goals: (i) describe aspects of the no que constitution process as a periphrastic junctor, particularly with regard to the syntagmatic reanalysis and the emergence of meanings; and (ii) analyze the use conditions of no que with the purpose of elaborating on the argumentative maneuver which singularizes the junctor and helps understand its use motivations.Keywords: Grammaticalization; Junction; Polyssemy; Argumentation
Expressividade e frequência de uso: aspectos pragmáticos e cognitivos da gramaticalização
Authors: Vitral Lorenzo Teixeira 
Published: May 2015

Resumo: O artigo busca explicitar a intuição de Meillet (1912) de que os fenômenos de gramaticalização resultam da tensão entre a expressividadee a frequência de uso das formas da língua. Tratando a expressividade por meio da noção de subjetificação (TRAUGOTT; DASHER, 2005;LANGACKER, 2006), formulamos as seguintes questões: (1) o que quer dizer mais conteúdos e por que (e de que maneira) mais formas implicam mais conteúdos?; (2) o que quer dizer menos conteúdos e como se explica sua relação com a redução de formas? Por meio de princípios da pragmática neo-griceana e da análise da dupla negação em português,procuramos explicar como os falantes extraem conteúdos que se associamà sua subjetividade, o que estaria no cerne do fenômeno de inovação linguística. Após discussão sobre a noção de abstração e sua relação coma subjetividade, propomos que a perda de expressividade das formas se deve a seu espraiamento no sistema da língua e entre os falantes.Palavras-chave: Gramaticalização; Subjetificação; Pragmática; Abstração; Dupla negação.Abstract: This article seeks to clarify Meillet’s supposition (1912) that the phenomena of grammaticalization result from tension between the expressiveness and the frequency of use of language forms. Treating through the notion of subjectification (TRAUGOTT;DASHER, 2005; LANGACKER, 2006), we formulated the following questions: (1) What does more content mean? And why (and how) do most forms imply more content; (2) what does less content mean? And how does it explain its relation to the reduction of forms? Through the principles of Neo-Gricean pragmatism and the analysis of double negation in Portuguese, we seek to explain how speakers extract content that are associated with the subjectivity of speakers, which would be at the heart of the phenomenon of linguistic innovation. After discussing the notion of abstraction and its relation to subjectivity, we propose that the loss of expressiveness of forms is caused by its expansion in the language system and among speakers.Keywords: Grammaticalization; Subjectification; Pragmatics; Abstraction; Double Negation.
From Courtroom to Bedside - A Discussion with Dr. Jeff Blackmer on the Implications of Carter v. Canada and Physician-Assisted Death
Authors: Santi Nicolas 
Published: May 2015

Introduction:On February 6th, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) concluded that “the prohibition on physician-assisted dying is void insofar as it deprives a competent adult of such assistance where (1) the person affected clearly consents to the termination of life; and (2) the person has a grievous and irremediable medical condition (including an illness, disease or disability) that causes enduring suffering that is intolerable to the individual in the circumstances of his or her condition.”[1]. The Court added, “The declaration of invalidity is suspended for 12 months,”[1] to allow the government to respond with appropriate legislation to guide and regulate the practice of Physician-Assisted Death (PAD).Dr. Jeff Blackmer is the Vice President of Medical Professionalism at the Canadian Medical Association (CMA). He holds a Masters in Medical Ethics from the University of Toronto. He served as the Executive Director of the CMA’s Office of Ethics, Professionalism and International Affairs and has been the interim Director of Ethics for the World Medical Association in Geneva. In an interview on February 11th, Dr. Blackmer kindly agreed to help us navigate through an array of ethical and practical ramifications stemming from the decision on Carter v. Canada.
Space weather effects on the bow shock, the magnetic barrier, and the ion composition boundary at Venus
Authors: Vech D. , Szego K. , Opitz A. , Kajdic P. , Fraenz M. , Kallio E. , Alho M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present a statistical study on the interaction between interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and the induced magnetosphere of Venus when the peak magnetic field of the magnetic barrier was anomalously large (>65 nT). Based on the entire available Venus Express data set from April 2006 to October 2014, we selected 42 events and analyzed the solar wind parameters, the position of the bow shock, the size and plasma properties of the magnetic barrier, and the position of the ion composition boundary (ICB). It was found that the investigated ICMEs can be characterized with interplanetary shocks and unusually large tangential magnetic fields with respect to the Venus‐Sun line. In most of the cases the position of the bow shock was not affected by the ICME. In a few cases the interaction between magnetic clouds and the induced magnetosphere of Venus was observed. During these events the small magnetosonic Mach numbers inside magnetic clouds caused the bow shock to appear at anomalously large distances from the planet. The positions of the upper and lower boundaries of the magnetic barrier were not affected by the ICMEs. The position of the ICB on the nightside was found closer to the planet during ICME passages which is attributed to the increased solar wind dynamic pressure.
Colloid particle size‐dependent dispersivity
Authors: Chrysikopoulos Constantinos V. , Katzourakis Vasileios E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLaboratory and field studies have demonstrated that dispersion coefficients evaluated by fitting advection‐dispersion transport models to nonreactive tracer breakthrough curves do not adequately describe colloid transport under the same flow field conditions. Here an extensive laboratory study was undertaken to assess whether the dispersivity, which traditionally has been considered to be a property of the porous medium, is dependent on colloid particle size and interstitial velocity. A total of 48 colloid transport experiments were performed in columns packed with glass beads under chemically unfavorable colloid attachment conditions. Nine different colloid diameters and various flow velocities were examined. The breakthrough curves were successfully simulated with a mathematical model describing colloid transport in homogeneous, water‐saturated porous media. The experimental data set collected in this study demonstrated that the dispersivity is positively correlated with colloid particle size, and increases with increasing velocity. The dispersivity values determined in this laboratory study were compared with 380 dispersivity values from earlier laboratory and field‐scale solute, colloid and biocolloid transport studies published in the literature.