bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult activity and oviposition of corn rootworms, Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Miscanthus, corn and switchgrass
Authors: Prasifka J. R. , Spencer J. L. , Tinsley N. A. , Estes R. E. , Gray M. E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe ability of the biomass crop Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef and Deuter ex Hodkinson and Renvoize) to support larval development for both United States and European populations of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, suggests an avenue for interactions with corn (Zea mays L.). To provide context to survival of D. v. virgifera on Miscanthus, adult activity and oviposition of Diabrotica spp. were monitored in central Illinois in 2010–2011 in Miscanthus, corn and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). For D. v. virgifera, vial traps within corn plots captured 3–10 times as many adults as in Miscanthus or switchgrass, while soil samples showed females laid approximately 10 times as many eggs in corn as in the perennial grasses. Adult southern corn rootworms, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, were the most abundant species in 2010 and clearly preferred switchgrass as an adult habitat, with vial traps in switchgrass capturing 5–10 times as many D. u. howardi as those in corn or Miscanthus. Based on the small production areas for Miscanthus and switchgrass (and low use of both by D. v. virgifera), it seems likely that there are no current impacts of these perennial grasses on pest status of Diabrotica spp. in corn or other crops. However, adaptations by Diabrotica spp. to pest management practices suggest they could be a source for interactions between biomass and food or feed crops. Early‐season soil samples did not recover eggs of D. u. howardi, but their use of switchgrass as an adult habitat suggests additional research in areas where switchgrass may be grown near peanuts, alfalfa or other hosts may be needed. Also, investigation of other candidate bioenergy crops known to support Diabrotica spp. larval development is needed to better understand the possible effects of a changing agricultural landscape on corn rootworms.
Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Prognosis of Elderly Adults with Severe Forms of Influenza A (H1N1)
Authors: Garnacho‐Montero José , Gutiérrez‐Pizarraya Antonio , Márquez Juan A. , Zaragoza Rafael , Granada Rosa , Ruiz‐Santana Sergio , Rello Jordi , Rodríguez Alejandro ,   The Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units Working Group
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesTo examine epidemiological and clinical data of individuals aged 65 and older with influenza virus A (H1N1) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and to identify independent predictors of ICU mortality.DesignProspective, observational, multicenter study to determine prognostic factors in individuals infected with influenza A (H1N1) admitted to the ICU.SettingOne hundred forty‐eight Spanish ICUs.ParticipantsIndividuals with influenza A (H1N1) confirmed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction from April 2009 to July 2011.MeasurementsIndividuals aged 65 and older were compared with younger individuals. A multivariate analysis was conducted to determine independent predictors of mortality in this population.ResultsOne thousand one hundred twenty individuals (129 (11.5%) aged ≥65) were included. Prevalence of chronic diseases was more common in older individuals. Viral pneumonitis was more frequent in individuals younger than 65 (70.5% vs 54.3%, P < .001). In older individuals, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–1.20, P = .002), immunosuppression (OR = 3.66, 95% CI, 1.33–10.03, P = .01) and oseltamivir therapy initiated after 48 hours (OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.02–10.8, P = .04) were identified as independent variables associated with mortality. Corticosteroid use was associated with a trend toward greater mortality (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 0.98–5.91, P = .06).ConclusionIndividuals aged 65 and older with influenza A (H1N1) admitted to the ICU have a higher incidence of underlying diseases than younger individuals and differences in clinical presentation. Early oseltamivir therapy is associated with better outcomes in elderly adults.
Original Equipment Manufacturers’ Participation in Take‐Back Initiatives in Brazil
Authors: Quariguasi Frota Neto João , Van Wassenhove Luk N. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryLax legislation and increasing demand for electronics are driving relentless growth in electronic waste (e‐waste) in the developing world. To reduce the damage caused by e‐waste and recover value from end‐of‐life (EoL) electronics, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have created, over the past decades, programs to divert e‐waste from landfills to recycling and reuse. Although the subject of intense debate, little is known about such initiatives in terms of levels of participation by OEMs or the extent to which they have succeeded in reducing e‐waste in developing economies. To broaden our understanding of these issues, we investigate take‐back initiatives in the thriving market of personal computers (i.e., desktop and laptop computers) in Brazil. Using a multimethod approach (electronic archival data collection and semistructured interviews with manufacturers), we find evidence that large multinational manufacturers are at the forefront of take‐back programs. However, these initiatives in many ways lag behind those implemented in the United States, a more developed market as far as product take‐back is concerned. We find the main reasons for the low levels of participation by OEMs in take‐back programs to be high collection costs, low residual values, and lax, unclear, and conflicting legislation. Moreover, we propose new avenues of research, in light of our scant knowledge of country‐specific, company‐specific, and product‐specific determinants that moderate participation.
Intracellular Zn2+ accumulation enhances suppression of synaptic activity following spreading depolarization
Authors: Carter Russell E. , Seidel Jessica L. , Lindquist Britta E. , Sheline Christian T. , Shuttleworth C. William 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSpreading depolarization (SD) is a feed‐forward wave that propagates slowly throughout brain tissue and recovery from SD involves substantial metabolic demand. Presynaptic Zn2+ release and intracellular accumulation occurs with SD, and elevated intracellular Zn2+ ([Zn2+]i) can impair cellular metabolism through multiple pathways. We tested here whether increased [Zn2+]i could exacerbate the metabolic challenge of SD, induced by KCl, and delay recovery in acute murine hippocampal slices. [Zn2+]i loading prior to SD, by transient ZnCl2 application with the Zn2+ ionophore pyrithione (Zn/Pyr), delayed recovery of field excitatory post‐synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in a concentration‐dependent manner, prolonged DC shifts, and significantly increased extracellular adenosine accumulation. These effects could be due to metabolic inhibition, occurring downstream of pyruvate utilization. Prolonged [Zn2+]i accumulation prior to SD was required for effects on fEPSP recovery and consistent with this, endogenous synaptic Zn2+ release during SD propagation did not delay recovery from SD. The effects of exogenous [Zn2+]i loading were also lost in slices preconditioned with repetitive SDs, implying a rapid adaptation. Together, these results suggest that [Zn2+]i loading prior to SD can provide significant additional challenge to brain tissue, and could contribute to deleterious effects of [Zn2+]i accumulation in a range of brain injury models.
Antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant effect of the total flavonoids in Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring in diabetic mice
Authors: Zheng Xiao-ke , Wang Wei-wei , Zhang Li , Su Cheng-fu , Wu Yong-yong , Ke Ying-ying , Hou Qing-wei , Liu Zhao-yan , Gao Ai-she , Feng Wei-sheng 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant activity of total flavonoids in Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring (TFST) in a mouse model of diabetes.

Methods
Normal mice, mice fed with a high-fat emulsion diet and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were treated with TFST for 6 weeks. Serum glucose, insulin and lipid, hepatic steatosis, production of the protein visfatin and antioxidant indices were evaluated.

Key findings
TFST significantly decreased the concentration of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, while it increased the levels of insulin and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetic mice. TFST also improved the results of the oral glucose tolerance test to a certain degree. Furthermore, both the free fatty acid levels in the liver and hepatic steatosis were ameliorated by TFST treatment. These changes may be be associated with decreased production of visfatin. Administration of TFST also significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase and increased the content of glutathione and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase in the liver. No change in blood glucose levels were observed in the normal mice treated with TFST.

Conclusions
TFST showed an excellent effect in reducing the high blood glucose level but had no effect on normal blood glucose level. The antidiabetic activity of TFST could be explained by its antioxidant and antihyperlipidaemic activity, which finally elevated the insulin sensitivity of liver.
Fractal structure determines controlled release kinetics of monolithic osmotic pump tablets
Authors: Yin Xianzhen , Li Haiyan , Liu Ruihao , Chen Jing , Ji Junqiu , Chen Jun , Shao Qun , Xiao Tiqiao , York Peter , He You , Zhang Jiwen 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Objectives
To calculate the fractal dimension values of felodipine osmotic pump tablets during drug dissolution and to characterize the mechanism of the controlled drug release kinetics through three-dimensional fractal data.

Methods
Three-dimensional fractal values of volume (Df,volume) and surface (Df,surface) of the tablet core were calculated based on the box counting method.

Key findings
During the process of release of felodipine, both Df,volume and Df,surface were within the range of 2–3 and then changed markedly after a period of 3.0 h release, corresponding to extensive changes in entire shape, interior porous channels and surface structure of the tablet core. The curve of Df,volume mirrored that for tablet volume, however the curve of Df,surface was quite different from that of the surface area. Results showed that values of Df,surface correlated well with the drug release rate. Df,surface was found to be an efficient fractal parameter that could be used to characterize the complex changes to the tablet core that take place during drug release.

Conclusions
The fractal dimension can be used as a quantitative indicator reflecting the drug release performance and be regarded as a key indicator for the quality control of oral controlled drug delivery systems.
Clinical Characteristic Picture and Impact of Symptoms on Quality of Life of Interstitial Cystitis Patients in Taiwan
Authors: LEE Ming‐Huei , LIN Alex Tong‐Long , KUO Hann‐Chorng , CHEN Yung‐Fu 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveNo clinical characteristic picture and impact of symptoms on quality of life (QOL) of interstitial cystitis (IC) patients in Taiwan had been reported. This paper is intended to provide preliminary descriptive results of IC research in Taiwan.MethodsA total of 319 patients, based on National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) criteria, were enrolled in the study from February 2004 through March 2006. Evaluation data included baseline demographic information, patient and family medical history, dietary effects, pregnancy data, sexual relationships with symptoms, and impact of symptoms on quality of life. The main responsibility of the hospitals discussed was patient care and data collection. Taichung Hospital presents the results.ResultsThe Interstitial Cystitis Database (ICDB) patients were predominantly female, that is, 86% of the total, with an average enrollment age of 46. The analysis of various symptoms indicates the following distribution: (i) 94% frequency; (ii) 80% pain; (iii) 53% nocturia; (iv) 43% urgency; and (v) 10% associated incontinence. Approximately 83% reported pain over the bladder while in full stage, and 74% reported pain relief after voiding. The predominant characteristic of pain was full sensation (54%) with the predominant position on low abdominal area (52%). Moreover, 80% reported sleeping disturbance due to disease, and 66% reported difficulty in performing daily work.ConclusionsInterstitial cystitis patients in Taiwan have lower economic status but lower impact on QOL than Western patients. However, the sexual‐related pain and sleeping disorder were higher than previously thought and deserve our attention. Accordingly, this research provides a foundation for further investigations of baseline associations and longitudinal trends.
The Oort Cloud and long‐period comets
Authors: Rickman Hans 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis review starts with a brief historical overview of the subject, after which some recent papers attempting to improve the understanding of comet injection from the Oort Cloud and the origin of new comets are discussed. Special attention is paid to the importance of nongravitational effects in comet orbit determination, the synergy between stellar encounters and the galactic tides for the injection dynamics, and the role of planetary perturbations. The field is thus shown to be advancing rapidly, and brief comments on possible implications for studying the origin of the cloud are made.
Moderate velocity oblique impact sliding: Production of shocked meteorite textures and palaeomagnetically important metallic spherules in planetary regoliths
Authors: Potter David K. , Ahrens Thomas J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe detail the production of metallic spherules in laboratory oblique shock impact experiments, and their applicability (1) to textures in a partly shock‐melted chondritic meteorite and (2) to the occurrence of palaeomagnetically important fine iron or iron alloy particles in the lunar regolith. Samples recovered from 29–44 GPa, 800 ns, experiments revealed melting and textures reminiscent of metallic spherules in the Yanzhuang H‐chondrite, including “dumbbell” forms and other more complex morphologies. Our experiments demonstrate that metallic spherules can be produced via oblique impact sliding at lower velocities (1.85 km s−1) than are generally assumed in previous work associated with bulk‐shock melting, and that oblique impact sliding is a viable mechanism for producing spherules in shock‐induced veins in moderately shocked meteorites. Significantly, our experiments also produced fine metallic (iron alloy) spherules within the theoretical narrow size range (a few tens of nanometers for slightly ellipsoidal particles) for stable single‐domain (SSD) particles, which are the most important palaeomagnetically, since they can record lunar and planetary magnetic fields over geological time periods. The experiments also produced spherules consistent with superparamagnetic (SP) and multidomain (MD) particle sizes. The fine SSD and SP particles on the lunar surface are currently thought to have been formed predominantly by space weathering processes. Our experiments suggest that oblique shock impact sliding may be a further means of producing the SSD and SP iron or iron alloy particles observed in the lunar regolith, and which are likely to occur in the regoliths of Mercury and other planetary bodies.
Self‐recruitment in aCaribbean reef fish: a method for approximating dispersal kernels accounting for seascape
Authors: D'Aloia C. C. , Bogdanowicz S. M. , Majoris J. E. , Harrison R. G. , Buston P. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCharacterizing patterns of larval dispersal is essential to understanding the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of marine metapopulations. Recent research has measured local dispersal within populations, but the development of marine dispersal kernels from empirical data remains a challenge. We propose a framework to move beyond point estimates of dispersal towards the approximation of a simple dispersal kernel, based on the hypothesis that the structure of the seascape is a primary predictor of realized dispersal patterns. Using the coral reef fishElacatinus lorias a study organism, we use genetic parentage analysis to estimate self‐recruitment at a small spatial scale (<1 km). Next, we determine which simple kernel explains the observed self‐recruitment, given the influx of larvae from reef habitat patches in the seascape at a large spatial scale (up to 35 km). Finally, we complete parentage analyses at six additional sites to test for export from the focal site and compare these observed dispersal data within the metapopulation to the predicted dispersal kernel. We find 4.6% self‐recruitment (CI95%: ±3.0%) in the focal population, which is explained by the exponential kernely = 0.915x(CI95%:y = 0.865x,y = 0.965x), given the seascape. Additional parentage analyses showed low levels of export to nearby sites, and the best‐fit line through the observed dispersal proportions also revealed a declining functiony = 0.77x. This study lends direct support to the hypothesis that the probability of larval dispersal declines rapidly with distance inAtlantic gobies in continuously distributed habitat, just as it does in theIndo‐Pacific damselfishes in patchily distributed habitat.
Relationship between fixation stability measured with MP‐1 and reading performance
Authors: Amore Filippo M , Fasciani Romina , Silvestri Valeria , Crossland Michael D , de Waure Chiara , Cruciani Filippo , Reibaldi Alfredo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundPeople with visual impairment have reduced reading performance, which is thought to be related to unstable or eccentric fixation. New microperimeters such as the MP‐1 offer straightforward analysis of fixation stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fixation stability and reading speed in a large cohort of people with diverse causes of visual impairment and to verify the correlation between reading speed and different methods for the quantification of fixation.MethodsThe better eye of one hundred and twenty subjects was assessed. Fixation values were obtained from the MP‐1 microperimeter. Reading speed was evaluated using newspaper text with magnifiers if required.ResultsThe poorest fixation stability and reading performance was found in people with age‐related macular degeneration while the best fixation was in retinitis pigmentosa subjects. A linear relationship was found between reading speed and the proportion of fixations within 2° (r² = 0.51, p < 0.001) and 4° (r² = 0.36, p < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between reading speed and all three bivariate contour ellipse areas (BCEA; for log transformation of 1‐S.D., 2‐S.D. and 3‐S.D.: r² = 0.39, p < 0.001). In a multiple regression model, proportion of points falling within 2° and 4° circle was significantly related to reading speed (r² = 0.55, p < 0.01; r² = 0.43 p < 0.01); also BCEAs values were strongly related to reading ability only in patients with central vision loss (r² = 0.62, p < 0.01 for LogBCEA 68.2%; r² = 0.61, p < 0.01 for LogBCEA 95.4% and 99.6%) and peripheral defect (r² = 0.52, p < 0.01 for LogBCEA 68.2%; r² = 0.50, p < 0.01 for LogBCEA 95.4%; r² = 0.49, p < 0.01 for LogBCEA 99.6%) but not in combined defect subjects.ConclusionsThe study confirms that in people with visual impairment the reduced reading performance is correlated with fixation instability. Moreover, there is a strong relationship between reading speed and both the proportion of fixations falling within 2° and 4° and bivariate contour ellipse area values.
Professional education to meet the oral health needs of older adults and persons with disabilities
Authors: Dolan Teresa A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTA well‐prepared dental workforce is critical to improving the oral health of special needs patients. This paper, originally presented at the National Coalition Consensus Conference: Oral Health of Vulnerable Older Adults and Persons with Disabilities, reviews and suggests opportunities to enhance the professional education of the dental workforce, including enhanced faculty training in gerontology, geriatrics and special patient care, and opportunities for improved curricula and team training both within the dental team and among the diverse group of health professional that often collaborate in the care of special needs patients. Other considerations include the creation of a specialty of Special Care Dentistry, and the effective use of dental team members in the care of special needs patients.
Structure and hydraulic properties of the boreal clay soil under differently managed buffer zones
Authors: Rasa K. , Horn R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractVegetated buffer zones (BZs) between arable fields and bodies of water are commonly established to reduce erosion and run‐off of particle‐bound nutrients. Functioning of a BZ depends on soil structure, as it is important for water infiltration. Therefore, it is vital to understand how varying management practices affect soils of BZs. We studied the structural and hydraulic properties of three differently managed BZs established in a boreal Vertic Stagnic Cambisol (clay, 51%). The three management practices for vegetation were as follows: natural with no treatment, harvested yearly and grazed by cattle. We used bulk density and macroporosity, together with a pore geometry index (air permeability per unit air‐filled porosity), to describe the soil structural properties. Hydraulic properties were measured at different length scales by means of an aggregate sorptivity test, saturated hydraulic conductivity of the core samples and field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity. Vegetation management markedly affected the physical properties in the top 5 cm of the soil. Properties were least favourable for infiltration at the grazed site, with the greatest bulk density, least macroporosity and hydraulic conductivity or greatest pore tortuosity. In general, spatial variation in zones with restricted and good hydraulic conductivity together with reduced aggregate sorptivity in the deeper horizons made the soil prone to preferential flow when initially dry. Prolonged wetness, on the other hand, reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity significantly, resulting in surface run‐off. Harvesting was considered the best management practice due to its inherent capacity for reducing the soil nutrient content and because it has minor implications for soil physical properties.