bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “Great American Service” of Yankee Doodle Dandy
Authors: Craft Elizabeth T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Since its release in 1942, the musical biopic Yankee Doodle Dandy, starring James (“Jimmy”) Cagney, has become the primary vehicle for George M. Cohan’s legacy. Unlike the subjects of many biopics, Cohan was still living at the time of Yankee Doodle Dandy’s writing and premiere, and the film’s contract stipulated that he would be an active participant in its development and have final approval of the product. This chapter traces the film’s development, demonstrating how the film strategically elided three simultaneous histories—those of Cohan, the musical, and the nation—and how the theme of patriotism came to dominate the story. By depicting a rich theatrical history aligned with US history and Cohan’s personal story, Yankee Doodle Dandy helped not only to unify and glorify the nation during wartime but also to position the musical as the United States’ own homespun art form and solidify Cohan’s reputation as patriot extraordinaire.
Grappling All Day
Authors: Bronfman Alejandra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the process of laying the telegraph cable in the late nineteenth-century Caribbean. Its attention to the environment and to labor challenges dominant narratives of early telegraphy that stress elites and the successes of faster communications. It turns instead to disease, environmental destruction, and exploited labor that underwrote the laying of the West India and Panama Cable and the Cuba Submarine Telegraph. Drawing from correspondence and memoirs it contextualizes the arrival of the cable amid the Cuban Wars for Independence and post-Morant Bay Jamaica. The telegraph enabled unprecedented speed of communication, with sound playing an important role, both as a way of perceiving signal quickly but also as an index and trace of imperial destruction and violence. A media archaeology of this sonic medium must attend to empire and its conscription of the sea, of labor, and ultimately of death to do its work.
Encounter and Memory in Ottoman Soundscapes
Authors: Maksudyan Nazan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tracing multiple auditory encounters, this chapter focuses on the aural presence of street vendors in nineteenth-century Ottoman soundscapes, analyzing different listening habits and subjectivities along the lines of religion, class, language, ethnicity, and gender. I stress the way cultural difference, especially intra-imperial difference, emerges in an urban soundscape like Istanbul. The chapter describes four encounters that are embodied through the auditory practices of street vendors and that shed light upon Ottoman subjectivities, social relations, and power relations: rural-urban migration, representation of multilingualism and diversity, human-animal encounters, and the audibility of gender. The main source for this chapter is a unique audiovisual media object: an album of photos and musical transcriptions of street vendors’ cries in Western staff notation, bringing to light the intersection of the visual and sonic. I also utilize a wide range of silent (written) sources, including materials from the Ottoman archives, literature in different Ottoman languages, ego-documents, travelogues, scientific writings, and newspapers, are referenced.
Colonial Listening and the Epistemology of Deception
Authors: Steingo Gavin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Focusing on nineteenth-century colonial southern Africa, this paper suggests that the deployment of European listening technologies led equally to new forms of knowledge and new forms of deception. Particularly in colonial medical practice, deception proliferated in two main arenas: first, there was tremendous anxiety surrounding medical imposters, that is, con men and women without training who acted like doctors and nurses, and who pretended to listen to the signs of the body while making (fake) diagnoses; second, physicians doubted the efficacy of stethoscopes and frequently compared the devices to the paraphernalia of “Zulu witchdoctors.” Taken together, these twin uncertainties produced epistemological instability. In addition and contrary to increased rationalization and efficiency, imperialism therefore produced acoustic deception, counterfeiting, and illusion. Taking a cue from Ackbar Abbas, I advocate the analysis of an epistemology of deception alongside the more typical epistemology of truth.
Epistemological Jugalbandī
Authors: Williams Richard David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the late nineteenth century, Indian scholars embedded elements of European science in new works on the nature of sound and music. Exploring a range of genres and languages, this chapter examines moments of enquiry into the physics and experience of sound, and considers points of continuity, transition, and departures in new directions. Far from a single arena of global debate, nineteenth-century books, manuscripts, and newspapers in Indian languages indicate an enormous diversity of ideas, arguments, and sonic practices, many of which intersected with ideas from Europe, but selectively and often unexpectedly. This chapter also examines sonic practices relating to medicine, healing, and divination, and interrogates how French history and British philosophy became entangled with Hindustani music and tantric hymnology. I argue these entanglements gestured to an epistemological jugalbandī—borrowing a term in Hindustani music for a creative dialogue—that is, a contrapuntal, selective, and adaptive conversation between knowledge systems.
Listening through the Operatic Voice in 1820s Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Walton Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter reconsiders the arrival of Italian opera in Rio de Janeiro during the early years of Brazilian independence in the 1820s. By bringing operatic performance into contact with the sounds of the city beyond the walls of the opera house, it seeks to undermine familiar and persistent divisions between operatic and non-operatic voices, as well as between the sonic worlds inside and outside the theater. The sound of opera, as a result, became just one of many elements within the contested acoustic geographies of the city, and one more site for writers at the time to struggle over how to draw clear divisions between noise and music, not least in the context of Rio as a city whose sound worlds bore constant witness to the presence and ongoing suffering of a huge (and growing) enslaved population.
Introduction
Authors: Ganz Marshall 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The author introduces this book by sharing why it was written, why it can be of value to all of us, and why a call to action matters now. The author shares the origin of what would become his “calling” for life: “enabling others to find the courage to lead, to build community, and to enable that community to turn resources it has into the power it needs to get what it wants.” Then the author shares how he learned much of the organizing craft recounted in this book. Organizing can transform the desire to achieve change into the power to create change. Organizing forms the basis of social movements that may either strengthen or undermine democracy. The chapter concludes with what this book intends to teach: “practicing democracy.”
Practicing Democracy
Authors: Ganz Marshall 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this chapter the author introduces democracy as something you do, not something you have. Its promise can only be realized through practice: placing people at the center as agents, not objects, and enabling people to turn resources they have into the power they need to make democracy work for them. Organizing is at the heart of this practice: developing leadership, growing community, and building power. It can be learned, improved upon, adapted, and sustained. Creating a culture of learning enables democracy to work.
Developmental Leadership
Authors: Ganz Marshall 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this chapter the author argues that organizing the practice of developmental leadership developmental is foundational. This requires seeing each of us as capable of learning, growth, and development. This chapter focuses on specific ways we can develop leadership in the work we do. It looks at leadership less as the capability of a single individual than as a capacity both collaborative and distributed. The focus is first on collaboration in the design, launching, and practice of “real” leadership teams. Then looks at how teams can anchor the distribution of leadership practice throughout campaigns and organization. The chapter concludes by attending to the practice of coaching as fundamental to leadership as “enabling others to achieve shared purpose in the face of uncertainty.”
Heterogeneous Hierarchy
Authors: Tymoczko Dmitri 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers phenomena contributing to long-term musical coherence: melodic connections between nonadjacent notes, the construction of directed melodies and bass lines, simple harmonic hierarchy, and phrase templates like “sentence” and “period.” The goal is to show how these higher-level structures coexist with the moment-to-moment organization described elsewhere in the book. In some cases this is a matter of superimposing multiple distinct syntactical systems. But sometimes the systems interact, as when the conventions of “sentence form” exploit features of voice-leading geometry. The chapter compares my approach with Schenker’s, providing contrasting analyses of passages from Chopin and Beethoven. It also considers the modest degree of recursion that characterizes local harmonic progressions, including secondary dominants and the cadential six-four.
I Saw Her Standing There
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1, “I Saw Her Standing There,” in Within You Without You, closely analyzes the early Beatles hit “I Saw Her Standing There” to tell how the group was formed and how the Beatles were the first true rock band. The chapter also explicates how George Harrison’s guitar playing on the recording set the parameters for what distinguished the Beatles sound. The first Beatles track to include a George Harrison guitar solo contains what will come to define Harrison’s approach to solos: a mixture of single-note lines with double stops and chords; hammer-ons, bends, trills, and sliding notes and chords. His frequent pauses and space serve as punctuation, as musical elements unto themselves, giving the solo air and breath. In another Harrison touch, the number comes to a halt with what would soon become another Beatles signature: one of Harrison’s “naughty,” unresolved chords that concludes the song ambiguously.
Eight Arms to Hold You
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 of Within You Without You, “Eight Arms to Hold You,” is a deep dive into the Beatles movie and accompanying album Help!, which included an unprecedented two George Harrison contributions: “I Need You” and “You Like Me Too Much.” Both movie and album represented a huge leap forward for the Beatles and George Harrison in particular. Harrison reintroduced the sound of the jangly, twelve-string Rickenbacker electric guitar that soon came to be one of the identifying characteristics of the Beatles sound, influencing a number of other groups. Most prominent among them were the Byrds, whose lead guitarist Jim (later Roger) McGuinn adopted the Rickenbacker as his main instrument after seeing the movie. It was on the film set that Harrison first saw Indian musicians playing Hindustani classical music, and he became especially intrigued by the sound of “the Indian guitar,” the sitar.
The Black Album
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 9 of Within You Without You, “The Black Album,” closely examines George Harrison’s extensive contributions to Revolver, the darkest and most complex Beatles album up to that point in their career. For the first (and only) time, a single Beatles album included three original songs by Harrison. The first was the lead-off cut, “Taxman,” which was Harrison’s protest about surrendering almost all his income to the Inland Revenue. The second, “Love You To,” was full-fledged raga-rock fusion. Finally, “I Want to Tell You” is another Harrison number addressing the difficulties of effective communication, featuring a jagged, dissonant piano chord that echoed in music the song’s ostensible theme.
Gone for Baroque
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 12 of Within You Without You, “Gone for Baroque,” closely examines George Harrison’s song “Piggies,” which appeared on The Beatles, commonly known as “The White Album.” A kind of musical version of George Orwell’s Animal Farm, “Piggies” was one of the Beatles’ most political songs, a satire of the upper classes. Appropriately, it was contextualized in a faux-Baroque musical setting, replete with harpsichord and classical-style guitar playing. Harrison did not intend the word “piggies” as it was popularly used at the time: a derogatory reference to police officers. Instead, it has grown over time in status as a timeless indictment of the gulf between the haves and the have-nots.
Standard Time
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 17 of Within You Without You, “Standard Time,” closely examines the George Harrison song “Something,” which appeared on the Beatles’ Abbey Road album. John Lennon and Paul McCartney finally recognized that Harrison had come up with a track worthy of being released as a single, and the song was the first Harrison-penned Beatles number to hit number one. The song soon was the subject of multiple cover versions, including renditions by Shirley Bassey, Ray Charles, Elvis Presley, Joe Cocker, and Frank Sinatra, and remains one of the most popular Beatles tracks of the streaming era. A close examination of the song itself reveals that while musically it was beautiful and featured some of Harrison’s most compelling guitar playing, lyrically it is an enigma and a mystery. In its ambivalence and searching quality, embodied in the song’s very title, it is a sophisticated, mature treatment of love.
Reality++
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Previous chapters explored the meaning of entrance into a simulation. But there is also an exit. Does my emergence simply return me to my former state, or does the experience leave me changed in some fundamental respect? Is it correct even to speak of a return? In Pessoa’s case, it seems apt to couch the process in terms of exchange, the replacement of one heteronym by another. How should one think about the relationship between different reality environments? One is tempted to think about them in terms of levels, with the movement between them as descent and ascent. But perhaps it is better to picture reality as a single space divided into a plurality of regions, with entrance and return more akin to crossing a threshold or going through a door. This chapter discusses these topics in connection with Pessoa’s The Mariner and relates them to themes in the Mokṣopāya.
What Cities Say
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This is a book about how to “read” cities. Cities are a reflection of social values and priorities, and we can learn how to interpret them. Cities are the result of a wide range of intentional acts, from the minute to the grandiose, from the desires of the individual homebuilder to those of the reigning despot. They might reflect the highest aspirations, or a simple financial calculus, or mundane, utilitarian needs. Form and pattern might be the product of blueprints and plans, or it might be the product of gradual, incremental accretion spanning centuries. In any of these cases, it is possible to develop a language of interpretation. Using samples of cities from all time periods and places, this book presents thirty-five city patterns and forms, summarizing how they might be interpreted. The topics progress from larger to smaller scale, from complete cities and towns to plazas and squares. The aim of the book is to help craft better arguments in the public discourse about why one type of pattern or form might be better than another in a given place. Knowing what kinds of city patterns and forms we want requires first knowing what city patterns and forms mean to us. By exposing these meanings, we will be in a stronger position to articulate, and argue for, the kinds of cities we want.
Introduction
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of how cities reflect social priorities and cultural values. The sources of these embedded meanings are varied: historical experience, behavioral and aesthetic effects, written critique, and the economic and social processes that generate pattern and form. City shapes, forms, and street and building patterns are sometimes a product of blueprints, sometimes a product of gradual accretion, and sometimes the product of violent change. Forms and patterns might reflect the highest aspirations, or they might simply be responses to mundane, utilitarian needs. Whatever the case, it is possible to develop a language of interpretation and an understanding of meaning. Indeed, behind every city pattern and form, whether for a complete city, a thoroughfare, or a small public space, there is a motive capable of being interpreted. The chapter then considers how city interpretation, the attachment of meaning to pattern and form, is complicated by the difference between planned and unplanned development. It identifies the significance of interpreting city patterns and forms before presenting the book’s methodology.
Medieval Towns
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the medieval European town. It typically evolved like this: castle first; small settlement of feudal servants in an adjoining cluster; gradual prosperity and growth of the settlement into a village; construction of a surrounding wall; and then the commencement of the transformation from village to town, where all available sites, apart from those reserved for public spaces, cathedrals, and the castle area, were gradually filled in. An excellent example of the quintessential medieval town is Brugge, Belgium, now a mecca for tourism thanks to the centuries of economic stagnation that kept Brugge from growing. The medieval city is dense and tightly packed, and originally this was the result of needing to be within city walls. Houses were the primary generators of form, not the streets. As the city opened up and streets widened in the Baroque period and later, landscape entered in, initially in the form of aligned street trees or parks or landscaped medians. It was then that streets became the primary elements that defined the form of the city.
Urban Suburbs
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter studies urban suburbs. The earliest suburbs were either relatively close in to the existing city or linked by public transit. Railroad suburbs were physically distinct, initially separated from the city by plenty of open land, but in many cases, these early suburbs now have a very urban feel. Often, suburbs that were first developed adjacent to large cities have by now been swallowed up by the surrounding city. Their origin as separate suburbs is barely recognizable—they started out as suburbs but they are now just urban neighborhoods. Examples include Boston’s Back Bay and Brooklyn’s Brooklyn Heights. The chapter then looks at streetcar suburbs, which are usually so much closer to the central city that it is sometimes hard to think of it now as a suburb. Streetcar suburbs occupied what Chicago School sociologists termed “the zone of emergence”—meaning, emergence out of the much less desirable tenement house neighborhoods.
Neighborhoods
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on neighborhoods, which can have religious, political, or sociological motive and meaning. Mormon towns are a classic religious example. Sometimes neighborhoods are delineated to accommodate a system of political organization. Savannah’s planned system of wards is an example of how the grid facilitated cell-like expansion consisting of plots of housing and public buildings clustered around public squares. The wards constituted a system of taxation and political representation. In an urban context, the village-like urban neighborhood was imbued with a pastoral, communal spirit in places that would otherwise simply be row upon row of housing blocks. Neighborhoods sometimes emerged around important buildings and their attached civic space. Discerning the neighborhoods of a city is often a matter of finding the physical features that act as boundaries. The chapter then looks at neighborhood delineation using natural features and streets.
Monumentalism
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes monumentalism. In most cases, as with the baroque, the use of monumental spaces and forms is an indication of centralized power. A gigantic regional shopping mall and a grand boulevard lined with monumental buildings have in common a single source of capital to pull it off, whether private, public, or a combination. The baroque relied on horizontal monumentalism, but vertical monumentalism is also effective. Power in the medieval city was by way of the tallest church spire or tower of a powerful family, for example. The Athenian acropolis is a case of vertical monumentalism. Historically, monumental plans tended to originate with a small minority of powerful people intent on exerting a way of life on their subjects via oversize buildings and expansive, straight streets. In cases where the monumental plan was overtly employed for submission, it was an act of violence. However, it might be argued that monumental places can unite the citizenry, such as in the case of the Hellenistic city. Lately, monumentalism has been pitched as a solution to global problems, from ecological disaster to economic stagnation.
Variation
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks into the implications of variation. It explains that a great variety of forms and patterns means there is a lot of churning going on. Assorted architecture and frontage type, culs-de-sac, and close are some elements combined to leave the impression that the community had as much diversity as nature. Early 20th-century social reformers tried to counteract uniformity, which was considered to be a form of oppression. The chapter then elaborates on the notion of scale as an essential consideration when evaluating diversity, referencing how the larger scale of places built is more conducive to separation since the mid-20th century.
Street Hierarchy
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the notion of street hierarchy, which is a common pattern within grids and non-grids. It explains how width is the most common way to establish hierarchy. Under modernism, specialized streets would curve and meander to service an isolated use, and other infrastructure would be obliged to follow the same indirect, wasteful pattern. Street hierarchy was a regular feature of ancient cities, such as in imperial China and Japan wherein wide streets connected to a temple or palace whole narrowest streets were reserved for alleys that were lowest in the hierarchy. The chapter notes that grids use hierarchy to instill a sense of order and to establish priority in a system that is otherwise uniform.