bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of time of day on outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery for non–small cell lung cancer brain metastases
Authors: Badiyan Shahed N. , Ferraro Daniel J. , Yaddanapudi Sridhar , Drzymala Robert E. , Lee Andrew Y. , Silver Shawgi A. , Dyk Pawel , DeWees Todd , Simpson Joseph R. , Rich Keith M. , Robinson Clifford G. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDThis study tested the hypothesis that time of day of treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has an effect on local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) in a large cohort of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases.METHODSAt Washington University in St. Louis, 437 patients with NSCLC were treated with SRS for NSCLC brain metastases. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to identify an optimal cut‐point for OS relative to time of day. Kaplan‐Meier log‐rank statistics, and Cox regression univariate and multivariate analysis were employed to isolate any independent effect of treatment time on OS and LC. Matched‐pair analysis was performed to isolate any independent effect of time on OS and LC of day while controlling for confounding variables.RESULTSReceiver operating characteristics analysis identified a cut‐point of 11:41 AM as providing the highest predictive value for OS. On univariate analysis, late SRS was associated with decreased OS, as was age, Karnofsky performance status, risk‐stratification schemes, extracranial disease status, and overall burden of brain metastases. On univariate analysis for LC, late SRS was associated with decreased LC, as was burden of brain metastases. On multivariate analysis, only Graded Prognostic Assessment remained predictive of OS, and total number of targets and total tumor volume remained predictive of LC. Matched‐pair analysis demonstrated no significant effect of time of day on LC or OS.CONCLUSIONSAlthough earlier treatment appears to be associated with improved LC and OS, treatment time fails to remain significant when accounting for confounding variables. Cancer 2013;119:3563–3569.. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Effects of water conveyance embankments on riparian forest communities at the middle reaches of the Tarim River, Northwest China
Authors: Chen Yongjin , Li Weihong , Liu Jiazhen , Yang Yuhai 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTEcohydrological research focuses on the relationship between changes in the hydrological conditions and the response of plant communities to those changes. To save the degraded riparian forests at the lower reaches of the Tarim River, water conveyance embankments (whose goal is to prevent water from overflowing the riverbanks) were constructed mid‐stream in order to guide the watercourse down to the river's destination. To investigate and evaluate the influence of these embankments on the Tarim River's riparian forest communities, we prepared three monitoring sections (five others were added later) that included six monitoring wells, six vegetation sample plots and six soil profiles at each section. From 2001 to 2007, data on groundwater depth, vegetation coverage, species diversity, total dissolved solids and concentrations of ions were collected and analysed. The results indicate that groundwater depths gradually increased, total dissolved solids and major ions in groundwater sharply increased and vegetation coverage and species diversity declined. Moreover, at the start of our investigation, the hydrological connection extended more than 1000 m from the embankments; by 2007, however, the region beyond 800 m had become a water and salinity discharging area. On the basis of these findings, the removal of the embankments should be urgently considered to protect the riparian forest ecosystems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogenization of spatial patterns of hydrologic response in artificially drained agricultural catchments
Authors: Boland‐Brien Samuel J. , Basu Nandita B. , Schilling Keith E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAnthropogenic modifications to the landscape, with agricultural activities being a primary driver, have resulted in significant alterations to the hydrologic cycle. Artificial drainage, including surface and subsurface drainage (tile drains), is one of the most extensive manipulations in agricultural landscapes and thus is expected to provide a distinct signature of anthropogenic modification. This study adopts a data synthesis approach in an effort to characterize the signature of artificial subsurface drainage. Daily discharge data from 24 basins across the state of Iowa, which encapsulate a range of anthropogenic modifications, are assessed using a variety of flow metrics. Results indicate that the presence of artificial subsurface drainage leads to a homogenization of landscape hydrologic response. Non‐tiled watersheds exhibit a decrease in the area‐normalized peak discharge and an increase in the baseflow ratio (baseflow/streamflow) with increases in the spatial scale, while scale invariance is apparent in tiled basins. Within‐basin variability in hydrograph recession coefficients also appears to decrease with increases in the proportion of the catchment that is artificially drained. Finally, the differences between tiled and non‐tiled landscapes disappear at scales greater than approximately 2200 km2, indicating that this may be a threshold scale for studying the effects of tile drainage. This decrease in within‐basin variability and the scale invariance of hydrologic metrics in artificially drained watersheds are attributed to the creation of a bypass flow hydrologic pathway that bypasses the complexity of the catchment travel paths. Spatial homogeneity in responses implies that it may be possible to develop more parsimonious hydrologic models for these regions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can thrombin‐activated platelet releasate compensate the age‐induced decrease in cell proliferation of MSC?
Authors: Vogl Melanie , Fischer Johannes , Jäger Marcus , Zilkens Christoph , Krauspe Rüdiger , Herten Monika 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTMesenchymal progenitor cells (MSCs) are promising for cell‐based regeneration therapies. In elderly patients a reduced proliferation of MSCs has been described. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) contains important factors necessary for osteogenic regeneration. The aim of this study was to find out whether the age‐induced decrease in cell proliferation can be compensated by the use of supernatant of centrifuged, activated PRP (tPR). MSCs of donors of three age groups (A: young, 14–16 years, B: middle age, 36–46 years, C: older, 74–83 years) were expanded with 20% FCS alone or supplemented with thrombin‐activated platelet releasate (tPR) (1%, 2.5%, and 5%) or platelet‐poor plasma (PPP 5%). Cell proliferation and differentiation was measured on days 0, 3, and 7. Proliferation increased significantly in groups A and B with tPR, and non‐significantly in group C. The generation times of MSCs of elderly patients were significantly increased in group C compared to groups A and B. Addition of 1% or 2.5% tPR significantly reduced population doubling times of all age groups. Adding tPR stimulates the proliferation rate of MSCs independent of donor age. For juvenile and middle‐aged patients this influence was significant. Cells differentiation into osteoblasts was not influenced by addition of tPR. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1786–1795, 2013
CT‐angiography prior to diep flap breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Teunis T. , van Voss M.R. Heerma , Kon M. , van Maurik J.F.M. Macaré 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundPreoperative CT‐angiography (CTA) has shown to reduce operative time in deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction compared to Doppler ultrasonography (US). Although decreased flap loss has been suggested, statistical significant reduction remains indeterminate. The purpose of this review is to evaluate flap loss after preoperative CTA and Doppler US in DIEP‐flap breast reconstruction.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane libraries. All articles comparing CTA to Doppler US were selected and critically appraised; data on flap loss were extracted.ResultsFrom 678 studies, eight were selected for appraisal. Six case–control studies were included in the final analysis. Pooled analysis showed CTA resulted in a significant reduction in partial necrosis (odds ratio/OR 0.15; 95% confidence interval/CI 0.07–0.32, P < 0.0001) and decreased flap loss (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.10–0.79, P = 0.02).ConclusionsStudies included in this meta‐analysis have several limitations. However, most studies find a large clinical advantage of CTA over Doppler US, which reaches statistical significance when combined. As results show that CTA prior to DIEP flap breast reconstruction offers significant clinical benefits, we suggest the routine use of preoperative CTA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:496–502, 2013.
Coupling Microreaction Technologies, Polymer Chemistry, and Processing to Produce Polymeric Micro and Nanoparticles with Controlled Size, Morphology, and Composition
Authors: Serra Christophe A. , Cortese Bruno , Khan Ikram Ullah , Anton Nicolas , de Croon Mart H. J. M. , Hessel Volker , Ono Tsutomu , Vandamme Thierry 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPolymeric micro‐ and nanoparticles receive the attention of researchers in different areas such as drug delivery, sensing, imaging, cosmetics, diagnostics, and biotechnology. However, processes with conventional equipment do not always allow precise control of their morphology, size, size distribution, and composition. On the other hand, microreaction technology offers improved control over the hydrodynamics, mass and heat transfer, allowing production of polymeric particles with better defined or new characteristics. Thus new horizons in polymer particle engineering arise from the use of microstructured or microfluidic devices. This article gives an insight into the latest developments and trends in the production of polymeric micro‐ and nanoparticles realized by microreaction technology directly.
Field evaluation of an entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum strain F52, against pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyri
Authors: Erler Fedai , Pradier Thierry , Aciloglu Burcu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyri L. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is one of the most serious insect pests of pears in Turkey. In recent years, psyllid management has become increasingly difficult because of the development of insecticide resistance and the withdrawal of registered chemicals from the market. In this study, the field efficacy of an emulsifiable concentrate formulation of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum Petch strain F52 (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), containing 5.5 × 109 conidia mL‐1, was evaluated against C. pyri in south‐western Turkey (Antalya) in two consecutive years, 2010 and 2011.RESULTSThe results showed that the F52 product at 100 mL 100 L‐1 water reduced the number of psyllid eggs and young nymphs (first and second instars), causing up to 79 and 88% mortality, respectively, 7 days after treatment in the first year, and 72 and 82% mortality in the second year. However, it was less active against the older nymphs (third to fifth instars ) and achieved only up to 51% mortality 7 days after treatment in the first year, and 48% mortality in the second year.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that the M. brunneum strain F52 product can be used as an alternative to conventional chemicals in controlling C. pyri early in the season. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Bayesian treed response surface models
Authors: Chipman Hugh , George Edward I. , Gramacy Robert B. , McCulloch Robert 
Published: July 2013

Tree‐based regression and classification, popularized in the 1980s with the advent of the classification and regression trees (CART) has seen a recent resurgence in popularity alongside a boom in modern computing power. The new methodologies take advantage of simulation‐based inference, and ensemble methods, to produce higher fidelity response surfaces with competitive out‐of‐sample predictive performance while retaining many of the attractive features of classic trees: thrifty divide‐and‐conquer nonparametric inference, variable selection and sensitivity analysis, and nonstationary modeling features. In this paper, we review recent advances in Bayesian modeling for trees, from simple Bayesian CART models, treed Gaussian process, sequential inference via dynamic trees, to ensemble modeling via Bayesian additive regression trees (BART). We outline open source R packages supporting these methods and illustrate their use.This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > StatisticsAlgorithmic Development > Structure DiscoveryApplication Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Analytical strategies for estimating suppressed and missing data in large regional and local employment, population, and transportation databases
Authors: Guldmann Jean‐Michel 
Published: July 2013

Several analytical techniques are reviewed that aim to (1) estimate suppressed employment data in large regional or local economic databases, such as County Business Patterns, using goal‐programming optimization models, (2) estimate local population data, using regional Census data, remotely sensed and traditional data, and statistical modeling, and (3) transfer individual‐level transportation data gathered in national surveys of transportation behavior to construct reliable estimates for local area units (Census tracts), using clustering and regression techniques. These methodologies are illustrative of the rapidly expanding opportunities for improving socioeconomic databases, using new data sources and new and older techniques in innovative ways, thus contributing to knowledge discovery.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Algorithmic Development > Statistics
Application Areas > Government and Public Sector
Volcanic glass under fire – a comparison of three complementary analytical methods
Authors: Eder Fabienne M. , Neelmeijer Christian , Pearce Nicholas J.G. , Bichler Max , Sterba Johannes H. , Ntaflos Theodoros , Merchel Silke 
Published: July 2013

The two obsidian sources from the island of Melos (Greece), Agia Nychia and Demenegakion, are chemically characterized by three complementary analytical techniques. Ion beam analysis (IBA) comprising particle induced X‐ray emission and particle induced gamma‐ray emission, neutron activation analysis (NAA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) is applied to the same set of geological obsidian samples.The combination of methods allows a more complete characterization of obsidian sources and reveals a highly specific chemical composition, the so‐called chemical fingerprint. This multi‐methodical approach checks also the self‐consistency of the analytical results and shows not only the most reliable and characteristic key elements Co and Sc but also Fe, Ca and Ti of Melos obsidian deposits. NAA contributes the largest number of reliable elements to the most unambiguous chemical fingerprint comprising in total of 41 elements. Therefore, NAA is the most suitable analytical method for a clear identification of Melos obsidian deposits.Moreover, the accuracy of methods is demonstrated by the excellent correspondences (calculated correlation coefficient R2 = 1.00 for IBA and NAA, R2 = 0.99 for LA‐ICP‐MS) between determined analytical results obained by IBA, NAA and LA‐ICP‐MS and certified values of the reference glass BAM‐S005B. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Usefulness of Drain Amylase, Serum C‐Reactive Protein Levels and Body Temperature to Predict Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Hiyoshi Masahide , Chijiiwa Kazuo , Fujii Yoshiro , Imamura Naoya , Nagano Motoaki , Ohuchida Jiro 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a worrisome and life‐threatening complication. Recently, early drain removal has been recommended as a means of preventing POPF. The present study sought to determine how to distinguish clinical POPF from non‐clinical POPF in the early postoperative period after PD to aid in early drain removal.MethodsFrom March 2002 through December 2010, 176 patients underwent PD and were enrolled in this study to examine factors predictive of clinical POPF after PD. POPF was defined and classified according to the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery guideline, and grade B/C POPF was defined as clinical POPF.ResultsGrade A POPF occurred in 39 (22.2 %) patients, grade B in 19 (10.8 %) patients, and grade C in 11 (6.3 %) patients. Clinical POPF (grade B/C) occurred in 17.1 % of patients. Multivariate analysis revealed male gender and body mass index (BMI) ≥22.5 kg/m2 to be the independent preoperative risk factors predictive of POPF. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the combination of drain amylase ≥750 IU/L, C‐reactive protein (CRP) ≥20 mg/dL, and body temperature ≥37.5 °C on postoperative day 3 could effectively distinguish clinical POPF from non‐clinical POPF. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 84.6, 98.2, and 95.7 %, respectively.ConclusionsMale gender and BMI ≥22.5 were the independent preoperative predictive risk factors for POPF. We assume that when amylase is <750 IU/L, serum CRP is <20 mg/dL, and body temperature is <37.5 °C the drain can safely be removed, even if POPF is indicated.
Cause and effect in studies on unemployment, mental health and suicide: a meta-analytic and conceptual review
Authors: Milner A. , Page A. , LaMontagne A. D. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThere are ongoing questions about whether unemployment has causal effects on suicide as this relationship may be confounded by past experiences of mental illness. The present review quantified the effects of adjustment for mental health on the relationship between unemployment and suicide. Findings were used to develop and interpret likely causal models of unemployment, mental health and suicide.MethodA random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on five population-based cohort studies where temporal relationships could be clearly ascertained.ResultsResults of the meta-analysis showed that unemployment was associated with a significantly higher relative risk (RR) of suicide before adjustment for prior mental health [RR 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–1.83]. After controlling for mental health, the RR of suicide following unemployment was reduced by approximately 37% (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00–1.30). Greater exposure to unemployment was associated with higher RR of suicide, and the pooled RR was higher for males than for females.ConclusionsPlausible interpretations of likely pathways between unemployment and suicide are complex and difficult to validate given the poor delineation of associations over time and analytic rationale for confounder adjustment evident in the revised literature. Future research would be strengthened by explicit articulation of temporal relationships and causal assumptions. This would be complemented by longitudinal study designs suitable to assess potential confounders, mediators and effect modifiers influencing the relationship between unemployment and suicide.
Design and efficient operation of a coaxial RBWO
Authors: Teng Y. , Chen C.H. , Shao H. , Sun J. , Song Z.M. , Xiao R.Z. , Du Z.Y. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCoaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator with the rippled inner conductor not only increases the output efficiency but also results in the serious phenomenon of pulse shortening in experiments. Our research indicates that the two main mechanisms leading to the pulse shortening are the electron beam interruption and combining effects of the explosive field electron emission and the secondary electron multipactor on the surface of the slow-wave structure. In order to enhance its power capacity the electrodynamic structure is modified by detailed analysis of the field distribution in the coaxial slow-wave structure. The appropriate resonant reflector and the electron collector are developed for the application of the coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator. A series of surface treatment is applied to enhance the power capacity of the coaxial RBWO. In the experiment, the microwave pulse duration is increased from less than 10 ns to 20 ns, and the output efficiency is enhanced from less than 20% to 34% employing the electron beam pulse of the full width at half maximum 28 ns. The peak power of 1.01 GW at the frequency of 7.4 GHz is achieved. It is found that the output efficiency of the coaxial RBWO is likely to be advanced if its power capacity can be boosted further.
Simulations of interactions of high-energy proton beam with high dense matter based on two-dimensional quantum hydrodynamic model
Authors: Zhang Ya , Song Yuan-Hong , Wang You-Nian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper presents numerical simulations to study the heating of a solid target under a proton beam pulse interaction. The target is heated by the proton beam pulse with particle energyEb, intensityNand focal radiusrbof transverse Gaussian distribution, with a fixed pulse time 10 ps. The dynamics of target and beam ions are described by a classical hydrodynamic model and the target electrons are described by the quantum hydrodynamic model. Numerical simulations are carried out by employing the two dimensional flux-corrected transport methods. The target is heated to 0.5−5 eV, therefore, warm dense matter is created in the heated target region on a picosecond time scale.
Collisions at infinity in hyperbolic manifolds
Authors: MCREYNOLDS D. B. , REID ALAN W. , STOVER MATTHEW 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFor a complete, finite volume real hyperbolic n-manifold M, we investigate the map between homology of the cusps of M and the homology of M. Our main result provides a proof of a result required in a recent paper of Frigerio, Lafont and Sisto.
Self-assembly of hierarchical MoSx/CNT nanocomposites (2<x<3): towards high performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Shi Yumeng , Wang Ye , Wong Jen It , Tan Alex Yuan Sheng , Hsu Chang-Lung , Li Lain-Jong , Lu Yi-Chun , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo dimension (2D) layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has emerged as a promising candidate for the anode material in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, 2D MoSx (2 ≤ x ≤ 3) nanosheet-coated 1D multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) nanocomposites with hierarchical architecture were synthesized via a high-throughput solvent thermal method under low temperature at 200°C. The unique hierarchical nanostructures with MWNTs backbone and nanosheets of MoSx have significantly promoted the electrode performance in LIBs. Every single MoSx nanosheet interconnect to MWNTs centers with maximized exposed electrochemical active sites, which significantly enhance ion diffusion efficiency and accommodate volume expansion during the electrochemical reaction. A remarkably high specific capacity (i.e., > 1000 mAh/g) was achieved at the current density of 50 mA g−1, which is much higher than theoretical numbers for either MWNTs or MoS2along (~372 and ~670 mAh/g, respectively). We anticipate 2D nanosheets/1D MWNTs nanocomposites will be promising materials in new generation practical LIBs.