bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of cerebral palsy in term‐born singletons according to growth status at birth
Authors: Dahlseng Magnus Odin , Andersen Guro L , Irgens Lorentz M , Skranes Jon , Vik Torstein 
Published: October 2013

AimsAn excess risk of cerebral palsy (CP) has been reported in children of both low and high birthweight. However, the risk associated with deviations from the mean of other anthropometric measurements has been less well studied. The aim of our study therefore was to determine the association between size measurements at birth and incidence of CP in singletons born at term.MethodStandard deviation z‐scores for weight, length, head circumference, and ponderal index at birth of term‐born singletons born between 1996 and 2006 were calculated using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. The measurements of 398 children with CP recorded in the Cerebral Palsy Registry of Norway were compared with those of 490 022 typically developing infants.ResultsChildren with low birthweight (p<0.001; <10th centile) as well as low and high z‐scores for length (p<0.001 and p<0.001) and head circumference (p<0.001 and p<0.003; <90th centile) had an excess risk of CP, in particular of spastic bilateral CP. Spastic unilateral CP was associated only with low z‐scores, whereas children with the greatest body length and largest head circumference, but with low ponderal index, had an excess risk of spastic quadriplegic and dyskinetic CP.InterpretationOur results are consistent with the notion that most subtypes of CP are due to antenatal factors leading to poor intrauterine growth, whereas CP in children who were large at birth is more likely to be due to intrapartum factors.
Reduced incidence of lower‐extremity amputations in a Danish diabetes population from 2000 to 2011
Authors: Jørgensen M. E. , Almdal T. P. , Færch K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsDiabetic foot disease and amputations severely reduce quality of life and have major economic consequences. The aim of this study was to estimate time trends in the incidence of lower‐extremity amputations in Danish people with diabetes.MethodsWe studied major and minor lower‐extremity amputations from 2000 to 2011 among 11 332 people with diabetes from the Steno Diabetes Center. Amputations were identified by linkage of the electronic medical system with the National Patient Registry. Sex‐specific incidence rates of amputations by age, diabetes duration, calendar time and diabetes type were modelled by Poisson regression.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2011, 384 incident lower‐extremity amputations (205 major, 179 minor) occurred during 100 495 years of patient follow‐up. From 2000 to 2011, the incidence of all lower‐extremity amputations decreased by 87.5% among men and 47.4% among women with Type 1 diabetes and by 83.3% among men and 79.1% among women with Type 2 diabetes (P < 0.001). In particular, there was a decline in major lower‐extremity amputations. In 2011, the incidence rates of major lower‐extremity amputations were 0.25 (95% CI 0.07–0.82) among men and 0.21 (95% CI 0.06–0.71) among women per 1000 patient‐years at age 50 years and 0.56 (95% CI 0.18–1.89) among men and 0.41 (95% CI 0.16–1.09) among women per 1000 patient‐years at age 70 years. No significant change in incidence of minor amputations was observed.ConclusionThe incidence of major lower‐extremity amputations reduced significantly from 2000 to 2011 in Danish people with diabetes followed at a diabetes specialist centre.
Corneal nerve fibre damage precedes diabetic retinopathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bitirgen G. , Ozkagnici A. , Malik R. A. , Kerimoglu H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsTo quantify the morphological alterations in corneal nerve fibres and cells in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to the severity of diabetic retinopathy.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐two eyes of 132 patients with Type 2 diabetes and 32 eyes of 32 healthy control subjects were evaluated with in vivo corneal confocal microscopy. Patients with diabetes were classified into three groups: patients without diabetic retinopathy, patients with non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy and patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Anterior and posterior stromal keratocyte, endothelial cell and basal epithelial cell densities and sub‐basal nerve fibre structure were evaluated.ResultsSignificant reductions in basal epithelial cell, anterior stromal keratocyte and endothelial cell densities were observed only in patients with diabetic retinopathy. However, nerve fibre density, nerve branch density and nerve fibre length were reduced in patients without diabetic retinopathy and worsened progressively with increasing severity of retinopathy.ConclusionsCorneal cell pathology occurs in patients with diabetic retinopathy, but corneal nerve fibre damage seems to precede the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Metabolic syndrome components and their response to lifestyle and metformin interventions are associated with differences in diabetes risk in persons with impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Florez H. , Temprosa M. G. , Orchard T. J. , Mather K. J. , Marcovina S. M. , Barrett‐Connor E. , Horton E. , Saudek C. , Pi‐Sunyer X. F. , Ratner R. E. , Goldberg R. B. ,   for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: October 2013

AimsTo determine the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with diabetes risk in participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and whether intervention‐related changes inMetSlead to differences in diabetes incidence.MethodsWe used the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) revisedMetSdefinition at baseline and intervention‐related changes of its components to predict incident diabetes using Cox models in 3234 Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) participants withIGTover an average follow‐up of 3.2 years.ResultsIn an intention‐to‐treat analysis, the demographic‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for diabetes in those withMetS(vs. noMetS) at baseline were 1.7 (1.3–2.3), 1.7 (1.2–2.3) and 2.0 (1.3–3.0) for placebo, metformin and lifestyle groups, respectively. Higher levels of fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides at baseline were independently associated with increased risk of diabetes. Greater waist circumference (WC) was associated with higher risk in placebo and lifestyle groups, but not in the metformin group. In a multivariate model, favourable changes inWC(placebo and lifestyle) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (placebo and metformin) contributed to reduced diabetes risk.ConclusionsMetSand some of its components are associated with increased diabetes incidence in persons withIGTin a manner that differed according toDPPintervention. After hyperglycaemia, the most predictive factors for diabetes were baseline hypertriglyceridaemia and both baseline and lifestyle‐associated changes inWC. Targeting these cardiometabolic risk factors may help to assess the benefits of interventions that reduce diabetes incidence.
Creating New Paths? Offshore Wind, Policy Activism, and Peripheral Region Development
Authors: Dawley Stuart 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article extends economic geography research on path creation by developing a conceptual framework that moves beyond existing firm‐centric accounts and connects to a wider array of actors and multiscalar institutional contexts that mediate the emergence and development of growth paths. As part of a broader understanding of social and institutional agency, the approach specifically redresses the apparent neglect of the multiple roles of the state and public policy interventions in research on path creation. The framework is used to interpret more than 30 years of path‐creation activities that have placed the peripheral region of North East England at the forefront of the United Kingdom's burgeoning offshore wind sector. The empirical findings reveal how a variety of path‐creation mechanisms have served to shape, and be shaped by, successive causal episodes of complex and geographically situated social agency. Emerging from an episode of entrepreneurial activity, the path's creation was subsequently catalyzed by a decade of strategic and contextual regional policy intervention before a radical restructuring of economic development governance in the United Kingdom created a policy vacuum for the path's development. The analysis of the policy‐on, policy‐off episodes illustrates the potential agency of evolutionary inspired policy interventions in supporting mechanisms of path creation and reveals a varied set of implications for the cohesion and embeddedness of the path's development.
Predictive value of atrial high‐rate episodes for arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in dual‐chamber pacemaker patients
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Suresh , Khoo Chee W. , Lim Hoong S. , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundVarious pacing studies have demonstrated an association between right ventricular pacing (RVp) and atrial fibrillation (AF), even after preserving atrioventricular (AV) synchrony. We aimed to assess the interaction between arterial stiffness, endothelial function and atrial high‐rate episodes (AHRE) in patients with dual‐chamber pacemakers.MethodsWe studied 101 patients with dual‐chamber pacemakers incorporated with sophisticated AF detection and therapy algorithms. Macrovascular endothelial dysfunction (ED) was measured by the relative change in aortic augmentation index (AIx), using carotid artery applanation tonometry in response to inhaled salbutamol and sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. Microvascular ED was measured by cutaneous laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in response to acetylcholine (Ach, endothelium dependent) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, endothelium independent). Arterial stiffness was measured using carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf). ‘Reservoir pressure’ (Pr, MATLAB) describes the aortic ‘cushioning’ properties.ResultsMean age of the cohort was 72·1 ± 10·8 years; men (n = 69) 68·3%. Of 101 dual‐chamber pacemaker patients, 23·8% (n = 24) had AHRE detected on the baseline pacemaker interrogation. PP, PWVcf and Pr were significantly higher in patients with AHRE compared with those without AHRE. The change in AIx with salbutamol (∆% AIx Sal) and acetylcholine‐induced changes in LDF (Δ%LDF Ach) were lower in patients with AHRE compared with those without AHRE. In patients with AHRE, significant correlations were observed between%Vp and Δ%LDF Ach (P = 0·03) as well as between PP and Δ%LDF Ach (P = 0·05). On multivariate analysis, PP, Pr, PWVcf and ∆% AIx Sal remained as independent predictors of AHRE.ConclusionIn patients with dual‐chamber pacemakers, both higher arterial stiffness and greater endothelial dysfunction independently predicted AHRE, irrespective of the degree (or mode) of pacing. Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction may potentially contribute to the perpetuation of atrial arrhythmias beyond the adverse effects of ventricular pacing alone.
Mean platelet volume predicts outcome in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery disease
Authors: Mayer Florian J. , Hoke Matthias , Schillinger Martin , Minar Erich , Arbesú Itziar , Koppensteiner Renate , Mannhalter Christine 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePlatelets play a pivotal role in atherothrombosis and are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether mean platelet volume (MPV) predicts clinical outcome and progression of atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery disease.MethodsWe studied 1006 of 1268 prospectively collected consecutive patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis who were evaluated by duplex sonography. Patients were followed up clinically for the occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), a composite of myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft, stroke and death.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 3·1 years (interquartile range, 2·5–3·5), a total of 316 (31·5%) MACEs were recorded. Increased levels of MPV were significantly associated with increased risk of the occurrence of MACEs (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for an increase in one standard deviation [SD] of MPV 1·22, confidence interval [CI] 1·05–1·35, P < 0·01). Patients with MPV levels above 11·8 femtolitre (= fifth quintile) had a significantly higher event rate (41·3% vs. 29·3%, P < 0·001) with an adjusted HR for MACEs of 1·65 (95% CI 1·26–2·16, P < 0·001) compared with patients with MPV levels in the first to fourth quintile. No significant association was found between baseline MPV levels with either baseline degree or progression during a 6‐month follow‐up of carotid stenosis.ConclusionMean platelet volume was independently and significantly associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome in patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis.
Radicular maturity level of primary teeth and its association with trauma sequelae
Authors: Qassem Aya , Goettems Marília , Torriani Dione D. , Pappen Fernanda G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the influence of the radicular maturity level of primary teeth on the sequelae of traumatic dental injury (TDI).Materials and methodsA longitudinal retrospective study that collected data from dental records and radiographs of patients with TDI in one or both maxillary primary central incisors was conducted. Sequelae such as crown discoloration, pulp canal obliteration (PCO) and inflammatory root resorption (IRR) were evaluated during a 12‐ to 18‐month follow‐up period after the trauma.ResultsOf the 132 patients included in the study, 103 (78%) had luxations and 29 (22%) had dental fractures. At the initial postinjury examination, 12 teeth (9.1%) were found to have immature roots, 107 (81.1%) had closed apexes and 13 (9.8%) had visible root resorption. Inflammatory root resorption occurred mostly in traumatized teeth that presented with physiological root resorption at the moment of trauma (P = 0.004). The frequency of PCO was higher in teeth with a closed apex at the moment of the injury (P = 0.026). There was also an association between the type of injury and the occurrence of crown discoloration (P = 0.008) as well as between the type of injury and the development of PCO (P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe occurrence of TDI sequelae can be determined by the type of injury as well as by the radicular maturity level of the primary teeth at the moment of injury.
A retrospective study of pediatric traumatic dental injuries in Xi'an, China
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhu Yuan , Su Wenqiang , Zhou Zhifei , Jin Yan , Wang Xiaojing 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground/AimPediatric traumatic dental injury is an important public health problem because of its high prevalence, severe physical or psychological impacts, and high prevention and treatment costs. This study aimed to determine the distributive features of pediatric traumatic dental injury in a university dental hospital in Xi'an, China.Materials and methodsChildren (aged 1 to 15 years) visiting the hospital from February 2011 to May 2012 as a result of dental trauma were investigated. Trauma‐related information was recorded and analyzed.ResultsMost of the traumas occurred in children aged 7 to 12 years and affected the maxillary incisors. Of all the children involved, 17.2% had overjet. Concussion, enamel–dentin–pulp fracture, avulsion, and lateral luxation occurred more in the primary dentition (20.9%, 16.5%, 14.3%, and 13.2%, respectively). However, most traumas to the permanent dentition were enamel–dentin–pulp fractures and enamel–dentin fractures (33.7% and 29.1%, respectively). Most traumas were luxations (n = 156) in the 1‐ to 6‐year‐old group, while fractures were more common in the 7‐ to 12‐ and >13‐year‐old groups (n = 549, 84; P < 0.001). In total, 357 urban children had access to immediate medical care, whereas only 12 rural children were able to access a clinic within 24 h after injury (P < 0.001).ConclusionBased on the information presented in this survey, the government should focus on medical development in rural settings and should attempt to balance the distribution of medical resources between urban and rural areas. Educational and preventive programs should also be promoted to enhance the guardians' awareness regarding pediatric traumatic dental injuries.
Dispersal of butterflies in a New Guinea rainforest: using mark–recapture methods in a large, homogeneous habitat
Authors: VLASANEK PETR , SAM LEGI , NOVOTNY VOJTECH 
Published: October 2013

In an intensive mark‐release‐recapture study of all butterfly species in a tropical rainforest understory, 5903 individuals from 90 butterfly species (from the estimated total of 104 ± 9 species present in understory habitat) were marked, and 1308 recaptured at least once.
The study proved that mark‐recapture methods are feasible in tropical rainforests, but also showed its limitations, as after 232 person‐days of sampling we could only characterise dispersal for one‐third of the species present.
The mean dispersal distance was 184 ± 46.1 m per species, while for six of the 14 species studied >1% of individuals were estimated to disperse 1 km or more. These parameters are, however, strongly dependent on the size and spatial configuration of the study plots, particularly in large homogeneous habitats. A new method proposed here to correct this bias revised the mean distance between two captures from 135 ± 33.6 to 325 ± 87.0 m per species.
These results, in combination with data from large permanent rainforest plots, suggest that most woody plant species in tropical forests are sufficiently abundant to serve as host plant species even to monophagous Lepidoptera species.
Spatial variation in the magnitude and functional form of density‐dependent processes on the large skipper butterfly Ochlodes sylvanus
Authors: DOOLEY CLAIRE A. , BONSALL MICHAEL B. , BRERETON TOM , OLIVER TOM 
Published: October 2013

Understanding the underlying ecological processes that govern population dynamics is essential for identifying the risk of extinction faced by a population. Ecological processes are driven by a number of different density‐dependent and density‐independent factors. Influential factors may vary between species and are often classified for large areas of a species' geographical range.
Here we test the hypothesis that these factors vary on a relatively small spatial scale across a species' range. The population dynamics of the large skipper butterfly Ochlodes sylvanus is investigated for each 100 km2 region within its British range.
Different forms of density dependence, including Allee effects, and different density‐independent factors are found to influence population change significantly in different regions. The possible underlying mechanisms responsible for each are discussed.
In addition to this qualitative spatial variation in influencing factors, the relative contribution of density dependence and density‐independent factors to temporal dynamics within each region is quantified. As the range of O. sylvanus is crossed from north‐west to east, there appears to be a switch from density independence being more influential to density dependence having a greater impact on population change.
Morphology and life history of the Great Slave Lake ciscoes (Salmoniformes: Coregonidae)
Authors: Muir Andrew M. , Vecsei Paul , Power Michael , Krueger Charles C. , Reist James D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe taxonomy of the North American ciscoes (Salmoniformes: Coregonidae) remains unresolved. We provide the first comprehensive description of the Great Slave Lake ciscoes. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that the Great Slave Lake cisco complex includes at least two nominate species (Coregonus artedi and Coregonus sardinella) and an adfluvial C. artedi morph that is distinct from its lacustrine conspecific in terms of life history, morphology, age, growth and mortality. Coregonus sardinella has previously been identified from Great Slave Lake, but we provide the first comprehensive description of this species in the lake and confirm a significant range extension for the species. The lacustrine C. artedi differs little from descriptions throughout its range. In addition to these three ciscoes, linear phenotypic traits, gillraker number and morphology, and growth data support the possible occurrence of two other, less‐distinct morphs, the big‐eye cisco and a shortjaw‐like morph Coregonus zenithicus. Although the big‐eye morph was not identified by body shape and linear phenotypic measures, it was visually identified on the basis of differences in traditional phenotypic proportions, such as orbital length, paired fin lengths, head and gillraker morphology expressed as thousands of standard length and showed different age and growth structure compared with the other lacustrine cisco morphs. Coregonus zenithicus was distinguished visually and by a statistical model of linear phenotypic traits as well as by gillraker number and morphology. Identifying, characterising and managing locally adapted cisco morphs that reflect important ecological and bioenergetic linkages are critical to conserving the ecological integrity of northern ecosystems.
Third‐wave strategies for emotion regulation in early psychosis: a pilot study
Authors: Khoury Bassam , Lecomte Tania , Comtois Ginette , Nicole Luc 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimEmerging evidence supports the priority of integrating emotion regulation strategies in cognitive behaviour therapy for early psychosis, which is a period of intense distress. Therefore, we developed a new treatment for emotional regulation combining third‐wave strategies, namely compassion, acceptance, and mindfulness (CAM) for individuals with early psychosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the acceptability, feasibility and potential clinical utility of CAM.MethodA non‐randomized, non‐controlled prospective follow‐up study was conducted. Outpatients from the First Psychotic Episode Clinic in Montreal were offered CAM, which consisted of 8‐week 60–75 min weekly group sessions. Measures of adherence to medication, symptoms, emotional regulation, distress, insight, social functioning and mindfulness were administered at baseline, post‐treatment and at 3‐month follow up. A short feedback interview was also conducted after the treatment.ResultsOf the 17 individuals who started CAM, 12 (70.6%) completed the therapy. Average class attendance was 77%. Post‐treatment feedback indicated that participants found the intervention acceptable and helpful. Quantitative results suggest the intervention was feasible and associated with a large increase in emotional self‐regulation, a decrease in psychological symptoms, especially anxiety, depression, and somatic concerns, and improvements in self‐care.ConclusionOverall results support the acceptability, feasibility and potential clinical utility of the new developed treatment. A significant increase in emotional self‐regulation and a decrease in affective symptoms were found. No significant changes were observed on measures of mindfulness, insight, distress and social functioning. Controlled research is warranted to validate the effectiveness of the new treatment.