bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetics and Evolution: Transposons and the Stochastic Epigenetic Modification Model
Authors: Branciamore Sergio , Rodin Andrei S. , Gogoshin Grigoriy , Riggs Arthur D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn addition to genetic variation, epigenetic variation and transposons can greatly affect the evolutionary fitnesses landscape and gene expression. Previously we proposed a mathematical treatment of a general epigenetic variation model that we called Stochastic Epigenetic Modification (SEM) model. In this study we follow up with a special case, the Transposon Silencing Model (TSM), with, once again, emphasis on quantitative treatment. We have investigated the evolutionary effects of epigenetic changes due to transposon (T) insertions; in particular, we have considered a typical gene locus A and postulated that (i) the expression level of gene A depends on the epigenetic state (active or inactive) of a cis-located transposon element T, (ii) stochastic variability in the epigenetic silencing of T occurs only in a short window of opportunity during development, (iii) the epigenetic state is then stable during further development, and (iv) the epigenetic memory is fully reset at each generation. We develop the model using two complementary approaches: a standard analytical population genetics framework (diffusion equations) and Monte-Carlo simulations. Both approaches led to similar estimates for the probability of fixation and time of fixation of locus TA with initial frequency P in a randomly mating diploid population of effective size Ne
. We have ascertained the effect that ρ, the probability of transposon modification during the developmental window, has on the population (species). One of our principal conclusions is that as ρ increases, the pattern of fixation of the combined TA locus goes from “neutral” to “dominant” to “over-dominant”. We observe that, under realistic values of ρ, epigenetic modifications can provide an efficient mechanism for more rapid fixation of transposons and cis-located gene alleles. The results obtained suggest that epigenetic silencing, even if strictly transient (being reset at each generation), can still have significant macro-evolutionary effects. Importantly, this conclusion also holds for the static fitness landscape. To the best of our knowledge, no previous analytical modeling has treated stochastic epigenetic changes during a window of opportunity.
Reading Matthew 13 as a prophetic discourse: The four parables presented in public
Authors: Scholtz Jacob J. 
Published: April 2015

This article proposes that the task of Jesus’ disciples could be to juxtapose new and old unconditional prophecies concerning the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 13 can be read as a prophetic discourse and specific, prophetic referents are identified to gain insight into the prophecies contained in these parables. From a pre-millennial perspective, the kingdom of heaven is seen to exist in terms of the New Covenant in a spiritual sense from the cross of Christ onwards, but it will also be established in a literal sense in terms of the Davidic Covenant when Christ returns. This article discusses the four parables of Matthew 13 that were presented in public.’n Ondersoek na Matteus 13 as ’n profetiese diskoers: Die vier gelykenisse wat in die openbaar aangebied is. Hierdie artikel stel voor dat dit die taak van Jesus se dissipels sou kon wees om nuwe en ou onvoorwaardelike profesieë oor die koninkryk van die hemele met mekaar te vergelyk. Matteus 13 kan as ’n profetiese diskoers gelees word en spesifieke, profetiese referente word geïdentifiseer om die profesieë in hierdie gelykenisse te begryp. Vanuit ’n pre-millenniale perspektief blyk dit dat die koninkryk van die hemele in ’n geestelike sin in terme van die Nuwe Verbond vanaf Christus se kruis en daarna bestaan, maar dit sal ook in ’n letterlike sin tot stand kom in terme van die Dawidiese Verbond wanneer Christus terugkeer. Hierdie artikel bespreek die vier gelykenisse van Matteus 13 wat in die openbaar aangebied is.
Estudio de la comunicación científica en salud para jóvenes y valoración de la calidad de los recursos digitales
Authors: Peñafiel-Saiz Carmen , Ronco López Milagros , Echegaray-Eizaguirre Lázaro 
Published: April 2015

El incremento de la popularidad que ha tenido Internet en los últimos años ha generado cambios importantes en las formas en que las personas realizan búsquedas de información de salud. Esto no sólo sucede en la búsqueda que hacen los adultos sino que también tiene su repercusión en los jóvenes y adolescentes. Objetivos. La investigación ha tenido dos objetivos fundamentales: conocer los criterios de calidad, selección y acreditación de la información de salud que se difunde en las webs y averiguar cómo los jóvenes buscan información de salud en Internet. Metodología. El estudio responde a un paradigma cualitativo y cuantitativo, como maneras complementarias de percibir la misma realidad, basándonos en un estudio holístico desde la integralidad y su contexto. Así, hemos realizado un análisis de contenido de los recursos digitales con información de salud; entrevistas en profundidad con responsables de las webs; focus group con adolescentes de bachillerato y universitarios; para finalizar con un estudio etnográfico y un estudio cuantitativo basado en la realización de cuestionarios cerrados al segmento de población estudiado. Resultados. Los responsables de las webs con información de salud para la población más joven son conscientes de la importancia de su labor y la responsabilidad que recae sobre ellos. Son conscientes de que la información no debe ser enfocada desde un punto de vista paternalista, sino con objetividad. Los jóvenes y adolescentes consideran que la web ideal con información de salud debería ser muy práctica y visual, con información accesible y fiable, que permita interactividad con los usuarios y donde se distingan claramente las opiniones de los usuarios y los consejos de los profesionales. Discusión y Conclusiones. La necesidad de adquirir hábitos saludables se ha revelado como un tema que genera gran interés entre los jóvenes y que tiene un componente cultural: se aprende principalmente en el hogar, se refuerza en el colegio y en las relaciones con los grupos de iguales. Los medios de comunicación juegan también un papel importante a la hora de que los jóvenes interpreten la salud.
Qur'an Schooling and the Production of Mindful Bodies in West Africa
Authors: Masquelier Adeline 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In The Walking Qur'an, Rudolph Ware explores the history of Qur'an schools in West Africa. Focusing on embodied knowledge, he demonstrates how these institutions produce “Walking Qur'ans,” living replicas of the holy book. Despite his bias against reformist Islam and his neglect of the wider social context, this is an important contribution to Islamic studies and African history.
Mi trabajo es mi vida. La incrustación de los mundos de la vida y del trabajo en empresas españolas
Authors: Valenzuela Hugo , Reygadas Luis , Cruces Francisco 
Published: April 2015

En base a 20 etnografías realizadas en empresas españolas, este texto analiza formas emergentes de imbricación entre los mundos del trabajo y la vida. Si a partir de la Revolución Industrial se da una tendencia a la autonomía del proceso de trabajo con respecto a los entornos vitales de los trabajadores, actualmente se observa una tendencia inversa en ciertas empresas. Esta rearticulación se produce en varios sentidos:
a) en el desvanecimiento de la frontera que separa el trabajo de la vida cotidiana; b) en la reinserción de dimensiones afectivas en los procesos laborales; c) en el fomento de la reciprocidad y la sociabilidad en el ámbito económico; y d) en la producción de experiencias signifi cativas en el trabajo. ¿Nos hallamos ante una reconciliación emancipadora de la vida y el trabajo? O, por el contrario, ¿se trata de una colonización del mundo de la vida por el mundo productivo? Proponemos explorar una tercera vía de análisis, la de la modernidad refl exiva.
Jóvenes sin vínculos. El papel de las estructuras intermedias en un espacio urbano desfavorecido
Authors: Eseverri Mayer Cecilia 
Published: April 2015

Este artículo describe el proceso de desafi liación (Castel, 1995) juvenil, tomando como caso de estudio un barrio desfavorecido de Madrid. A través de una metodología etnográfi ca examina el efecto de las estructuras intermedias (la familia, la comunidad local y las asociaciones civiles) en la reinserción educativa y laboral de los jóvenes de origen marroquí, dominicano y ecuatoriano. La investigación señala como elemento más determinante de dicha reinserción el capital humano de los padres, confi rmando los hallazgos de la sociología de la educación (Bourdieu, 1970). Además, advierte del doble efecto (positivo y negativo) que provoca la infl uencia de las comunidades étnicas en los jóvenes más vulnerables y demuestra el rol crucial que cumple el tejido asociativo.
Estas organizaciones, herederas de las movilizaciones de los años 70, tienen la capacidad de abrir nuevas vías de inserción a través de la colaboración con las administraciones, los grupos étnicos y las familias.
Register or electronic health records enriched randomized pragmatic trials: The future of clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trials?
Authors: Ramsberg Joakim , Neovius Martin 
Published: April 2015

For many interventions in health care, there is limited information on efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness even long after they have been implemented. To decide between treatments, the randomized controlled trial (RCT) provides the strongest evidence. This creates a problem because RCTs are very expensive, logistically challenging and generally cumbersome. Observational studies are inexpensive, but create weaker evidence. The pragmatic randomized trial, enriched with routinely collected register or electronic health record (EHR) data may be a solution to this dilemma since they are much less costly than traditional RCTs but create much stronger evidence than observational studies. Pragmatic randomized trials mean that patients in routine care are randomly allocated to alternative treatments. The outcome of the treatment is then followed up in existing registers with patient data. This means that it is possible to 1) follow patients in the normal care situation - unlike the often artificial situation in the traditional RCT, 2) that the costs are low, even for large studies and 3) that a broad spectrum of outcomes, including both health and economic outcomes, can be collected. Pragmatic randomized trials using register or EHR data in principle lend themselves well to health economic evaluations. We have identified a number of such trials in the literature. Very few, however, include economic outcomes.
Determinants of employment-based private health insurance coverage in Denmark
Authors: Kiil Astrid 
Published: April 2015

This study estimates the determinants of having employment-based private health insurance (EPHI) based on data from a survey of the Danish workforce conducted in 2009. The study contributes to the literature by exploring the role of satisfaction with the tax-financed health care system as a potential determinant of EPHI ownership and by taking into account that some employees receive EPHI free of charge, while others pay the premium out of their pre-tax income and thus make an actual choice. The results indicate that the probability of having EPHI is positively affected by private sector employment, size of the workplace, whether the workplace has a health scheme, income, being employed as a white-collar worker, and age until the age of 49, while the presence of subordinates, gender, education level, membership of 'denmark' and living in the capital region are not significantly associated with EPHI coverage. As expected, the characteristics related to the workplace are by far the quantitatively most important determinants. The association between EPHI and self-assessed health is found to be quadratic such that individuals in good self-assessed health are more likely to be covered by EPHI than those in excellent and fair, poor or very poor self-assessed health, respectively. Finally, the probability of having EPHI is found to be negatively related to the level of satisfaction with the tax-financed health care system. The findings of the study are not affected notably by distinguishing empirically between employees who receive EPHI free of charge and those who pay the premium out of their pre-tax income. Link to Appendix
A randomized controlled trial of a middle meatal silastic stent for reducing adhesions and middle turbinate lateralization following endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Chan Chun L. , Elmiyeh Behrad , Woods Charmaine , Ullah Shahid , Gunawardena Indunil , Carney A. Simon , Ooi Eng H. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundEndoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is indicated for patients with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms. However, surgical revision can be required because of adhesion formation and middle turbinate lateralization. We investigate the efficacy of a middle meatal silastic stent in reducing these complications after ESS.MethodsThirty‐six patients were randomized to receive a silastic stent in the middle meatus unilaterally after ESS. The surgeon was blinded to the side receiving the stent until completion of the ESS. The contralateral side, with no stent, was the control side. Patients completed a 7‐day, postoperative, visual analog scale symptom diary and were blinded to the stent side until its removal at the first postoperative visit. Patients were followed up after 2, 8, and 24 weeks. Endoscopic video of the sinus cavities were recorded at all visits and 2 blinded, independent ear/nose/throat (ENT) surgeons assessed the videos using a modified Lund‐Kennedy scoring system.ResultsThirty‐five of 36 patients completed 6‐months’ follow‐up. Middle turbinate lateralization was observed in 13 sides without a stent vs 1 side with a stent. There was a significant reduction in adhesions at weeks 2 and 8 (p < 0.001) and crusting (p < 0.01) in the stent side compared to control. Video scores at 6 months after surgery for stent and control sides remained unchanged from the 8‐week visit. There was no difference between sides for symptom scores, edema, or nasal discharge.ConclusionMiddle meatal silastic stents are well tolerated by patients and effective in reducing middle turbinate lateralization, adhesions, and crusting postoperatively in ESS. ©2015 ARSAAOA, LLC.
Alzheimer's disease pathology is attenuated in a CD38‐deficient mouse model
Authors: Blacher Eran , Dadali Tulin , Bespalko Alina , Haupenthal Viola J. , Grimm Marcus O. W. , Hartmann Tobias , Lund Frances E. , Stein Reuven , Levy Ayelet 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveAlzheimer's disease (AD)‐associated dementia is due to tissue damage caused by amyloid β (Aβ) deposition within the brain and by accompanying neuroinflammation. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) glycohydrolase CD38, which is expressed by neurons, astrocytes, and microglial cells, regulates inflammatory and repair processes in the brain and other tissues by degrading NAD and repressing the activity of other NAD‐consuming enzymes and by producing NAD‐derived metabolites that regulate calcium signaling and migration of inflammatory cells. Given the role of CD38 in neuroinflammation and repair, we examined the effect of CD38 deletion on AD pathology.MethodsWe crossed APPswePS1ΔE9 (APP.PS) mice with Cd38−/− mice to generate AD‐prone CD38‐deficient animals (APP.PS.Cd38−/−) and examined AD‐related phenotypes in both groups.ResultsAPP.PS.Cd38−/− mice exhibited significant reductions in Aβ plaque load and soluble Aβ levels compared to APP.PS mice, and this correlated with improved spatial learning. Although CD38 deficiency resulted in decreased microglia/macrophage (MM) accumulation, the transcription profile of the Cd38−/− and Cd38+/+ MM was similar, suggesting that the decreased Aβ burden in APP.PS.Cd38−/− mice was not due to alterations in MM activation/function. Instead, APP.PS.Cd38−/− neuronal cultures secreted less Aβ and this reduction was mimicked when APP.PS neuronal cultures were treated with inhibitors that blocked CD38 enzyme activity or the signaling pathways controlled by CD38‐derived metabolites. Furthermore, β‐ and γ‐secretase activity was decreased in APP.PS.Cd38−/− mice, which correlated with decreased Aβ production.InterpretationCD38 regulates AD pathology in the APP.PS model of AD, suggesting that CD38 may be a novel target for AD treatment. Ann Neurol 2015;78:88–103
Non‐Brownian Particle‐Based Materials with Microscale and Nanoscale Hierarchy
Authors: Lash Melissa H. , Jordan Jahnelle C. , Blevins Laura C. , Fedorchak Morgan V. , Little Steven R. , McCarthy Joseph J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractColloidal crystals are interesting materials owing to their customizable photonic properties, high surface area, and analogy to chemical structures. The flexibility of these materials has been greatly enhanced through mixing particles with varying sizes, compositions, and surface charges. In this way, distinctive patterns or analogies to chemical stoichiometries are produced; however, to date, this body of research is limited to particles with nanoscale dimensions. A simple method is now presented for bottom‐up assembly of non‐Brownian particle mixtures to create a new class of hierarchically‐ordered materials that mimic those found in nature (both in pore distribution as well as stoichiometry). Additionally, these crystals serve as a template to create particle‐based inverted crystalline structures with customizable properties.
Star/Linear Polymer Topology Transformation Facilitated by Mechanical Linking of Polymer Chains
Authors: Aoki Daisuke , Uchida Satoshi , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTopology transformation of a star polymer to a linear polymer is demonstrated for the first time. A three‐armed star polymer possessing a mechanical linking of two polymer chains was synthesized by the living ring‐opening polymerization of δ‐valerolactone initiated by a pseudo[2]rotaxane having three hydroxy groups as the initiator sites on the wheel component and at both axle termini. The polymerization was followed by the propagation end‐capping reaction with a bulky isocyanate not only to prevent the wheel component deslippage but also to introduce the urethane moiety at the axle terminal. The resulting rotaxane‐linked star polymer with a fixed rotaxane linkage based on the ammonium/crown ether interaction was subjected to N‐acetylation of the ammonium moiety, which liberated the components from the interaction to move the wheel component to the urethane terminal as the interaction site, eventually affording the linear polymer. The physical property change caused by the present topology transformation was confirmed by the hydrodynamic volume and viscosity.
Hydroxy‐Directed, Fluoride‐Catalyzed Epoxide Hydrosilylation for the Synthesis of 1,4‐Diols
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Qiang , Funken Nico , Winterscheid Peter , Gansäuer Andreas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA novel highly regioselective, fluoride‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of β‐hydroxy epoxides has been developed. The reaction is modular and applicable to the synthesis of a broad range of 1,4‐diols. Fluoride is crucial for two reasons: First, it promotes the formation of a silyl ether (which contains a Si‐H bond) and, second, it enables ring opening by an intramolecular SN2 reaction through activation of the silane. The reaction can be performed under air.
Terminal rise velocity, size distribution and stability of microbubble suspension
Authors: Parmar Rajeev , Majumder Subrata Kumar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDispersed bubbly flow plays an imperative role in the chemical, biochemical and food industries. In the present work, the physics of liquid and gas properties on motion of microbubble in various liquid media was enunciated. The size of microbubble and the distribution of microbubbles generated by the pressurised dissolution method in different liquid media is also examined. Experimental result shows that the terminal rise velocity of microbubble is significantly affected by liquid and gas properties. The stability of microbubble dispersion is analysed by the drainage mechanism. The stability of microbubble dispersions is also examined by using its electrical properties. Correlations are also developed to interpret the bubble size, half‐life and drainage mechanism of microbubble. The present study may be useful for further understanding microbubble aided processes and developing them for industrial applications. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How does model development affect climate projections?
Authors: Ylhäisi Jussi S. , Räisänen Jouni , Masson David , Räty Olle , Järvinen Heikki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe apply analysis of variance to assess the effect of climate model development on temperature, precipitation and sea level pressure projections using three consecutive climate model generations provided by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The introduction of a new model version mostly randomly affects individual model projections, but models also show some generation‐independent characteristics which can potentially serve a basis for model weighting. Mean values of temperature and pressure change differ significantly between the model generations only over limited regions, mainly near the sea‐ice edge. If multi‐model ensembles are uniformly weighted, the efforts of model development are not completely exploited.
A study of the kinematics of unusually H I‐rich galaxies
Authors: den Heijer M. , Jözsa G. I. G. , Kerp J. , Serra P. , van der Hulst Th. , Kauffmann G. , Wang J. , Bigiel F. , Brinchmann J. , Carton D. , Cormier D. , Huang M.‐L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe examine the H I kinematics of the “Bluedisk” ensemble of 48 galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and observed in H I with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope. The sample consists of 25 galaxies with a high H I mass fraction and a comparatively large control sample comprising 23 galaxies of comparable stellar mass, stellar mass surface density, redshift, and inclination. By studying the H I velocity fields of these galaxies, we investigate whether there are signatures of ongoing gas accretion: i.e. global asymmetries and indications for warping and kinematical lopsidedness. We find no enhanced kinematical asymmetries between the H I‐rich sample and the control sample galaxies, indicating no significant difference in kinematical signatures such as warping and lopsidedness. Furthermore, we find no difference in position angle and systemic velocity offset with respect to the optical between both sub‐samples. We therefore do not find compelling evidence for enhanced global asymmetry of the H I‐excess galaxies ensemble properties in comparison to the control sample galaxies. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Micellar effect on the photophysics of heteroleptic ruthenium(II)–phenanthrolinedisulfonato complexes
Authors: Sangiliapillai Ramanathan , Arumugam Ramdass , Eswaran Rajkumar , Seenivasan Rajagopal 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLuminescent heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes of type RuLnX3–n [L = 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen), X = 4,7 diphenyl phenanthroline disulfonate, (dpsphen) n = 0,1,2,3] were synthesized and their photophysical properties investigated in homogeneous and cationic (CTAB), anionic (SDS) and nonionic (Triton X‐100) micelles. The luminescent quantum yield and lifetime of the complexes were found to increase in the presence of micellar media and on the introduction of a disulfonate ligand into the coordination sphere. Both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions play an important role in the micellar media. Thus, by changing the nature of the ligands and the medium, we were able to tune the photophysical properties of Ru(II) complexes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.