bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circuit Class Therapy and 7-Day-Week Therapy Increase Physiotherapy Time, But Not Patient Activity
Authors: English Coralie , Bernhardt Julie , Hillier Susan 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
The optimum model of physiotherapy service delivery for maximizing active task practice during rehabilitation after stroke is unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine the relative effectiveness of 2 alternative models of physiotherapy service delivery against a usual care control with regard to increasing patient activity.

Methods—

Substudy within a large 3-armed randomized controlled trial, which compared 3 different models of physiotherapy service delivery, was provided for 4 weeks during subacute, inpatient rehabilitation (n=283). The duration of all physiotherapy sessions was recorded. In addition, 32 participants were observed at 10-minute intervals for 1 weekday and 1 weekend day between 8:00
am
and 4:30
pm
. At each observation, we recorded physical activity, location, and people present.

Results—
Participants receiving 7-day-week and circuit class therapy received an additional 3 hours and 22 hours of physiotherapy time, respectively, when compared with usual care. Participants were standing or walking for a median of 8.2% of observations. On weekdays, circuit class therapy participants spent more time in therapy-related activity (10.2% of observations) when compared with usual care participants (6.1% of observations). On weekends, 7-day therapy participants spent more time in therapy-related activity (4.2% of observations) when compared with both usual care and circuit class therapy participants (0% of observations for both groups). Activity levels outside of therapy sessions did not differ between groups.

Conclusions—
A greater dosage of physiotherapy time did not translate into meaningful increases in physical activity across the day.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.anzctr.org.au/
. Unique identifier: ACTRN12610000096055.
Blood volume measurement by hemodilution: association with valve disease and re-evaluation of the Allen Formula
Authors: Hilberath JN , Thomas ME , Smith T , Jara C , Fitzgerald DJ , Wilusz K , Liu X , Muehlschlegel JD 
Published: August 2014

Background: Total blood volume (TBV) assessment is central to the management of cardiac surgical patients with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The widely accepted Allen Formula lacks accuracy in estimating TBV in these patients. Moreover, the impact of commonly encountered cardiac disease states on TBV has not been systematically investigated. The aim of this study was to determine TBV by hemodilution (TBVHD) for patients with valve disease, compare TBVHD to algorithms frequently used during cardiac surgery and to modify the Allen Formula to better fit today’s patient population. Methods: TBVHD was prospectively measured upon initiation of CPB. Ninety-six patients were grouped into 4 cohorts by preoperative diagnosis and compared to Allen and weight-based formulae in a univariate analysis: mitral regurgitation (MR), coronary artery disease requiring bypass surgery (CABG) and aortic stenosis (AS) ± CABG. The independent effects of height and weight on TBV were correlated to the original Allen Formula by multiple linear regression. Results: Patients with MR had significantly larger TBVHD compared to patients with AS, CABG or both. The smallest TBVHD was found in the patients with AS and CABG. The modified Allen Formula had an excellent model fit (R2 = 0.88 and R2 = 0.95 for males and females, respectively; p<0.001) while the classic formula overestimated TBV by 30% in males and females. For males, height impacted TBV calculations the most whereas weight was the predominant determinant in females. Conclusion: Blood volume assessment via the Allen Formula or bodyweight overestimated TBV in cardiac surgical patients, with potential implications on their management. The assumption that MR frequently presents with increased intravascular volume was confirmed whereas AS patients with coronary disease had a relatively smaller TBV. Lastly, a modified Allen Formula to better reflect today’s patient population was derived to reproducibly improve accuracy in mathematical estimates of TBV.
Efficacy of electrical stimulation as an adjunct to repetitive task practice therapy on skilled hand performance in hemiparetic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gharib Nevein MM , Aboumousa Ahmed M , Elowishy Abeer A , Rezk-Allah Soheir S , Yousef Fatma S 
Published: August 2014

Objective: To assess the effects of additional electrical stimulation to hand muscles combined with repetitive task practice therapy on skilled hand performance in stroke patients. Design: A randomized controlled study. Setting: Neurological physical therapy outpatient clinic. Subjects: Forty stroke patients of both sexes (45-65 years - 16 females and 24 males). Methods: Participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups: experimental and control groups. All patients received repetitive task practice. Those in the experimental group received additional electrical stimulation for specific hand muscles and patients in the control group received sham electrical stimulation. Treatment was provided three times/week for two months. Main outcome measures: Patients received baseline and post-treatment assessments using three-dimensional motion analysis (to evaluate range of motion of fingers abduction and extension), motor assessment scale (to assess hand motor function) and time to complete Jebsen Taylor Test (to assess hand skills). Results: Patients in the experimental group showed a significant improvement as compared with those in the control group. Motor assessment scale score was 4.25±0.63 for the experimental group and 3.35±0.74 for the control group ( t=-3.50 and p= 0.0001). Time to complete Jebsen Taylor Test was 180.90±7.04 for the experimental group and 192.80±6.87 for the control group ( t=4.50 and p= 0.0001). There was a significant improvement in fingers abduction and extension in both groups (in favor to the experimental group). Conclusion: Repetitive task practice therapy combined with electrical stimulation can improve skilled hand performance in terms of hand motor function, skills and range of motion in stroke patients.
Cost-Effectiveness Analyses in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
Authors: Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Schairer William W. , Bernstein Jaime L. , Dodwell Emily R. , Marx Robert G. , Allen Answorth A. 
Published: August 2014

Background: As increasing attention is paid to the cost of health care delivered in the United States (US), cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) are gaining in popularity. Reviews of the CEA literature have been performed in other areas of medicine, including some subspecialties within orthopaedics. Demonstrating the value of medical procedures is of utmost importance, yet very little is known about the overall quality and findings of CEAs in sports medicine. Purpose: To identify and summarize CEA studies in orthopaedic sports medicine and to grade the quality of the available literature. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed to compile findings and grade the methodological quality of US-based CEA studies in sports medicine. The Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument and the checklist by the US Panel on Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine were used to assess study quality. One-sided Fisher exact testing was performed to analyze the predictors of high-quality CEAs. Results: Twelve studies met inclusion criteria. Five studies examined anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 3 studies examined rotator cuff repair, 2 examined autologous chondrocyte implantation, 1 study examined hip arthroscopic surgery, and 1 study examined the operative management of shoulder dislocations. Based on study findings, operative intervention in sports medicine is highly cost-effective. The quality of published evidence is good, with a mean quality score of 81.8 (range, 70-94). There is a trend toward higher quality in more recent publications. No significant predictor of high-quality evidence was found. Conclusion: The CEA literature in sports medicine is good; however, there is a paucity of studies, and the available evidence is focused on a few procedures. More work needs to be conducted to quantify the cost-effectiveness of different techniques and procedures within sports medicine. The QHES tool may be useful for the evaluation of future CEAs.
Stress, Drugs, and Alcohol Use Among Health Care Professional Students
Authors: Bidwal Monica K. , Ip Eric J. , Shah Bijal M. , Serino Melissa J. 
Published: August 2014

Objective: To contrast the characteristics of pharmacy, medicine, and physician assistant (PA) students regarding the prevalence of drug, alcohol, and tobacco use and to identify risk factors associated with prescription stimulant use. Participants: Five hundred eighty nine students were recruited to complete a 50-item Web-based survey. Main Outcome Measures: Demographics, nonmedical prescription medication use, illicit drug and alcohol use, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision; DSM-IV-TR) psychiatric diagnoses, and perceived stress scale (PSS) scores. Results: Medicine and PA students reported greater nonmedical prescription stimulant use than pharmacy students (10.4% vs 14.0% vs 6.1%; P < .05). Medicine and PA students were more likely to report a history of an anxiety disorder (12.1% vs 18.6% vs 5.9%; P < .05), major depressive disorder (9.4% vs 8.1% vs 3.3%; P < .05), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 4.0% vs 9.3% vs 0.7%; P < .001) than pharmacy students. PSS scores for all 3 groups (21.9-22.3) were roughly twice as high as the general adult population. Conclusion: Illicit drug and prescription stimulant use, psychiatric disorders, and elevated stress levels are prevalent among health care professional students. Health care professional programs may wish to use this information to better understand their student population which may lead to a reassessment of student resources and awareness/prevention programs.
A Genomic Profile of the Immune Response to Stroke With Implications for Stroke Recovery
Authors: Barr Taura L. , VanGilder Reyna , Rellick Stephanie , Brooks Steven D. , Doll Danielle N. , Lucke-Wold Ann Noelle , Chen Dongquan , Denvir James , Warach Steven , Singleton Andrew , Matarin Mar 
Published: August 2014

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the change in gene expression between two time points following stroke and to identify biomarkers of stroke recovery through gene expression profiling and pathway analysis. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from 34 ischemic stroke patients (confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging) ≥18 years of age, within 24 hr of symptom onset and 24–48 hr later, and from healthy controls. The Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) was used to determine 30-day recovery. Total RNA was extracted from whole blood in Paxgene RNA tubes, amplified, and hybridized to Illumina HumanRef-8v2 bead chips. Gene expression was compared in a univariate manner between stroke patients at both time points and good versus bad outcome using t-test in GeneSpring. Inflation of Type 1 error was corrected by false discovery rate (FDR), and Ingenuity Systems Pathway analysis (IPA) was performed. A secondary validation cohort was recruited from a local hospital. Results: Three genes were significantly downregulated over time ( LY96, IL8, and SDPR; FDR corrected p < .05). This finding was confirmed in a validation cohort of stroke patients ( n = 8). IPA revealed cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) signaling was the most significant pathway present in the peripheral whole blood of stroke patients 24–48 hr after onset. When controlling for age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, high baseline expression of TLR2 and TLR4 significantly predicted worse scores on the MRS. Conclusion: CTLA4 signaling is a novel pathway for the study of stroke-induced immune suppression. Markers of immune dysfunction early after stroke may prove useful for identifying patients with increased risk of poor recovery.
A multifunctional ribonuclease A-conjugated carbon dot cluster nanosystem for synchronous cancer imaging and therapy
Authors: Liu Huiyang , Wang Qin , Shen Guangxia , Zhang Chunlei , Li Chao , Ji Weihang , Wang Chun , Cui Daxiang 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Carbon dots exhibit great potential in applications such as molecular imaging and in vivo molecular tracking. However, how to enhance fluorescence intensity of carbon dots has become a great challenge. Herein, we report for the first time a new strategy to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) with high quantum yields by using ribonuclease A (RNase A) as a biomolecular templating agent under microwave irradiation. The synthesized RNase A-conjugated carbon dots (RNase A@C-dots) exhibited quantum yields of 24.20%. The fluorescent color of the RNase A@C-dots can easily be adjusted by varying the microwave reaction time and microwave power. Moreover, the emission wavelength and intensity of RNase A@C-dots displayed a marked excitation wavelength-dependent character. As the excitation wavelength alters from 300 to 500 nm, the photoluminescence (PL) peak exhibits gradually redshifts from 450 to 550 nm, and the intensity reaches its maximum at an excitation wavelength of 380 nm. Its Stokes shift is about 80 nm. Notably, the PL intensity is gradually decreasing as the pH increases, almost linearly dependent, and it reaches the maximum at a pH = 2 condition; the emission peaks also show clearly a redshift, which may be caused by the high activity and perfective dispersion of RNase A in a lower pH solution. In high pH solution, RNase A tends to form RNase A warped carbon dot nanoclusters. Cell imaging confirmed that the RNase A@C-dots could enter into the cytoplasm through cell endocytosis. 3D confocal imaging and transmission electron microscopy observation confirmed partial RNase A@C-dots located inside the nucleus. MTT and real-time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES) analysis showed that the RNase A@C-dots could effectively inhibit the growth of MGC-803 cells. Intra-tumor injection test of RNase A@C-dots showed that RNase A@C-dots could be used for imaging in vivo gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, the as-prepared RNase A@C-dots are suitable for simultaneous therapy and in vivo fluorescence imaging of nude mice loaded with gastric cancer or other tumors.
Comparison principle and stability for a class of stochastic fractional differential equations
Authors: Lu Yuli , Yao Zhangsong , Zhu Quanxin , Yao Yi , Zhou Hongwei 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we study a class of stochastic fractional differential equations. We first establish a novel comparison principle for such equations. Then, we use the new comparison principle to obtain some stability criteria, which include the stability in probability, uniform stability in probability, asymptotic stability in probability, and p th moment exponential stability. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the obtained results.
N-glycosylation site occupancy in human prostaglandin H synthases expressed in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Kukk Kaia , Kasvandik Sergo , Samel Nigulas 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Prostaglandin H synthases (PGHSs) are N-glycosylated membrane proteins that catalyse the committed step in prostaglandin synthesis. Unlike PGHS-2, the production of recombinant PGHS-1 in non-mammalian expression systems is complicated. The majority of the heterologous enzyme is inactive due to misfolding. Correct N-glycosylation is proposed to be obligatory for proper folding of mammalian PGHSs. In this study, human PGHS-1 and -2 (hPGHS-1 and -2) were expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Recombinant hPGHS-2 was catalytically active, whereas hPGHS-1 was inactive. Accumulation of non-glycosylated hPGHSs was not observed in the crude lysate of the yeast cells. The N-glycosylation patterns of the purified recombinant proteins were characterised using nano-LC/MS/MS. The isoforms exhibited similar N-glycosylation site occupancy. The results indicate that there are more complex grounds for the inactivity of the recombinant hPGHS-1 produced in yeast.
Buried large block revealed by gravity anomalies in the Tonankai and Nankai earthquakes regions, southwestern Japan
Authors: Honda Ryo , Kono Yoshiteru 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We confirmed existence of a buried large block beneath seafloor off Cape Shionomisaki, Kii Peninsula, southwestern Japan, by improving marine gravity data. We found that the 1944 Tonankai and 1946 Nankai earthquakes occurred close to this block. The block is characterized by high gravity anomalies of 80 mGal larger than surrounding area with a diameter of about 40 km. Center of the anomaly is located 30 km off Cape Shionomisaki, southern end of the Kii Peninsula. This high gravity anomaly can be explained by existence of a higher density body with approximate thickness of 8 km just beneath the seafloor. This block coincides with the reported high velocity zone from recent seismic refraction survey in this area. Judging from seismic velocity, density, and geologic evidences, the block presumably consists of intruded acidic rocks, not seamount.
A first paleomagnetic and rock magnetic investigation of calcareous nodules from the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Yang Tianshui , Hyodo Masayuki , Yang Zhenyu , Sun Zhiming 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A detailed paleomagnetic and rock magnetic investigation was carried out on calcareous nodule layers embedded in the loess-paleosol sequences near Baoji city, southern Chinese Loess Plateau. The anisotropy of low-field magnetic susceptibility confirms that calcareous nodules retain the primary sedimentary fabric of original deposits. Rock magnetic properties demonstrate that calcareous nodules have the same mineralogy and grain sizes as loess-paleosol deposits. Characteristic remanent magnetizations of calcareous nodules have directions consistent with those of adjacent loess and paleosol deposits. The Punaruu event, previously found from loess deposits in the upper part of loess unit L13 in Weinan, southern Chinese Loess Plateau, is observed at the corresponding stratigraphic level in the calcareous nodule layer. These observations indicate that the calcareous nodule layers preserve primary remanent magnetizations of original deposits before calcification, and that they can contribute to paleomagnetic studies in the Chinese Loess Plateau.
Quantification of porosity and surface roughness in laboratory measurements of the bidirectional reflectance of asteroid surface analogues
Authors: Sakai Tatsuya , Nakamura Akiko M. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We studied the effects of the surface roughness and porosity of a sample layer on its light-scattering properties in laboratory experiments using fly ash, iron, graphite, and olivine powders. Three types of surface structure were prepared: compacted, knocked, and fluffy surfaces. The surface roughness is represented by the mean slope angle of small facets on the surface. We found a positive correlation between the surface roughness and the porosity of the layer. The bidirectional reflectance of the surface at the wavelength of a He-Ne laser (633 nm) was measured to illustrate the influence of surface structure on scattering properties, with the incidence angle fixed at 0°, while varying the phase angle from 2 to 80°. The reflectance of a relatively rough surface was lower than that of a relatively smooth one for all of the materials measured. The reflectance measured at 30° in phase angle decreased by between ∼25 and ∼60%. This effect may explain the discrepancy between the absolute reflectance in previous laboratory results and the observed results for C class asteroids (Kamei and Nakamura, 2002; Nakamura et al., 2002).
Distinguished seismological and electromagnetic features of the impending global failure: Did the 7/9/1999 M5.9 Athens earthquake come with a warning?
Authors: Kapiris Panayiotis , Nomicos Konstantinos , Antonopoulos George , Polygiannakis John , Karamanos Konstantinos , Kopanas John , Zissos Athanassios , Peratzakis Athanassios , Eftaxias Konstantinos 
Published: August 2014

AbstractClear VLF electromagnetic (EM) anomalies were detected prior to the Athens earthquake (EQ). We attempt to establish the hypothesis that these emissions were launched from the pre-focal area during micro-fracturing process. The spectral analysis in terms of fractal dynamics reveals that distinquished alterations in the associated scaling parameters emerge as the EQ is approached. These alterations suggests that the evolution of the Earth’s crust towards the “critical point” takes place not only in the seismological sense but also in the pre-fracture EM sense. VAN-signals and space-time TIR-signals were also detected prior to the Athens EQ. These anomalies, as well as the fault modeling of the Athens EQ obtained by interferometric combinations of ERS2 SAR images bring further support for the confidence in the reliability of our conclusions.
Curie Point Depth variations to infer thermal structure of the crust at the African-Eurasian convergence zone, SW Turkey
Authors: Dolmaz M. Nuri , Ustaömer Timur , Hisarli Z. Mumtaz , Orbay Naci 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We examined the thermal structure of the crust across complex deformation zones in SW Turkey using the Curie Point Depth (CPD) estimates and made comparisons of the thermal state of the crust with the seismic activity to provide insights for spatial limits of brittle failure in this region. The CPD estimates of SW Turkey from 80 overlapping blocks vary from 9 to 20 km. SW Turkey has two regions of shallow CPD. The shallow CPD region in the Uşak-Afyon zone in western part of the study area is caused by upper crustal thinning and shallowing of high conductivity lower crust. The other shallow CPD region is in the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province in the eastern part of the study area and is thought to be related to the presence of silicate melts in the shallow-level crust. A NNW-SSE trending belt of deep CPD region separates these two zones and is located along the boundary of high (west) and low (east) seismic activities. It is interpreted that the regional thermal structure in SW Turkey is mainly controlled by the processes associated with the African-Eurasian plate convergence zone. The N-S lithospheric extension above the subducting slab created a thermal dome in Western Anatolia in response to upwelling of asthenosphere. Post-collisional magmatism of Neogene-Quaternary age generated another thermal dome in the eastern area. Comparison of the CPD variations with the seismic activity has shown that large earthquakes occur near the margins of the inferred regional thermal domes. Low seismic activity within the regionally active seismic areas seems to be associated with shallow CPD and high heat flow.
Direct observation of the formation of alumina phase by metallic Al solid-SiO2 solid reaction
Authors: Sasaki S. , Suzuki H. , Kimura Y. , Sato T. , Tanigaki T. , Kido O. , Kamitsuji K. , Kurumada M. , Kaito C. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The formation of Al2O3 phases by the solid-solid reaction of a metallic Al layer evaporated on a SiO2 amorphous grain has been induced by heating above 600°C in vacuum (1×10−6 Pa). The distortion process of the amorphous SiO2 grains by the formation of Al2O3 have been directly imaged by in-situ TEM observation. A partly deposited Al layer covered the SiO2 grains after heating at 750?C, and ψ -Al2O3 grains of about 25 nm diameters were formed on the SiO2 surface. Upon the growth of Al2O3, the SiO2 grain decomposed into a mixture of metallic Si and SiO2 and disappeared as a result of sublimation due to the formation of SiOx at high temperatures. The present result on dust surface dynamics will become an important field with respect to the metamorphism of grains from the astromineralogical viewpoint.