bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Brain Activity during a Verbal Associative Memory Encoding Task in High- and Low-fit Adolescents
Authors: Herting Megan M. , Nagel Bonnie J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAerobic fitness is associated with better memory performance as well as larger volumes in memory-related brain regions in children, adolescents, and elderly. It is unclear if aerobic exercise also influences learning and memory functional neural circuitry. Here, we examine brain activity in 17 high-fit (HF) and 17 low-fit (LF) adolescents during a subsequent memory encoding paradigm using fMRI. Despite similar memory performance, HF and LF youth displayed a number of differences in memory-related and default mode (DMN) brain regions during encoding later remembered versus forgotten word pairs. Specifically, HF youth displayed robust deactivation in DMN areas, including the ventral medial PFC and posterior cingulate cortex, whereas LF youth did not show this pattern. Furthermore, LF youth showed greater bilateral hippocampal and right superior frontal gyrus activation during encoding of later remembered versus forgotten word pairs. Follow-up task-dependent functional correlational analyses showed differences in hippocampus and DMN activity coupling during successful encoding between the groups, suggesting aerobic fitness during adolescents may impact functional connectivity of the hippocampus and DMN during memory encoding. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the influence of aerobic fitness on hippocampal function and memory-related neural circuitry using fMRI. Taken together with previous research, these findings suggest aerobic fitness can influence not only memory-related brain structure, but also brain function.
Genome characterization and population genetic structure of the zoonotic pathogen, Streptococcus canis
Authors: Richards Vincent P , Zadoks Ruth N , Pavinski Bitar Paulina D , Lefébure Tristan , Lang Ping , Werner Brenda , Tikofsky Linda , Moroni Paolo , Stanhope Michael J 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background

Streptococcus canis is an important opportunistic pathogen of dogs and cats that can also infect a wide range of additional mammals including cows where it can cause mastitis. It is also an emerging human pathogen.

Results
Here we provide characterization of the first genome sequence for this species, strain FSL S3-227 (milk isolate from a cow with an intra-mammary infection). A diverse array of putative virulence factors was encoded by the S. canis FSL S3-227 genome. Approximately 75% of these gene sequences were homologous to known Streptococcal virulence factors involved in invasion, evasion, and colonization. Present in the genome are multiple potentially mobile genetic elements (MGEs) [plasmid, phage, integrative conjugative element (ICE)] and comparison to other species provided convincing evidence for lateral gene transfer (LGT) between S. canis and two additional bovine mastitis causing pathogens (Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae), with this transfer possibly contributing to host adaptation. Population structure among isolates obtained from Europe and USA [bovine = 56, canine = 26, and feline = 1] was explored. Ribotyping of all isolates and multi locus sequence typing (MLST) of a subset of the isolates (n = 45) detected significant differentiation between bovine and canine isolates (Fisher exact test: P = 0.0000 [ribotypes], P = 0.0030 [sequence types]), suggesting possible host adaptation of some genotypes. Concurrently, the ancestral clonal complex (54% of isolates) occurred in many tissue types, all hosts, and all geographic locations suggesting the possibility of a wide and diverse niche.

Conclusion
This study provides evidence highlighting the importance of LGT in the evolution of the bacteria S. canis, specifically, its possible role in host adaptation and acquisition of virulence factors. Furthermore, recent LGT detected between S. canis and human bacteria (Streptococcus urinalis) is cause for concern, as it highlights the possibility for continued acquisition of human virulence factors for this emerging zoonotic pathogen.
Determination of the differential expression of mitochondrial long non-coding RNAs as a noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer
Authors: Rivas Alexis , Burzio Verónica , Landerer Eduardo , Borgna Vincenzo , Gatica Sebastian , Ávila Rodolfo , López Constanza , Villota Claudio , de la Fuente Rodrigo , Echenique Javiera , Burzio Luis O , Villegas Jaime 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Bladder cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality with a high recurrence rate. Early detection of bladder cancer is essential in order to remove the tumor, to preserve the organ and to avoid metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyze the differential expression of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs (sense and antisense) in cells isolated from voided urine of patients with bladder cancer as a noninvasive diagnostic assay.

Methods
The differential expression of the sense (SncmtRNA) and the antisense (ASncmtRNAs) transcripts in cells isolated from voided urine was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The test uses a multiprobe mixture labeled with different fluorophores and takes about 1 hour to complete. We examined the expression of these transcripts in cells isolated from urine of 24 patients with bladder cancer and from 15 healthy donors.

Results
This study indicates that the SncmtRNA and the ASncmtRNAs are stable in cells present in urine. The test reveals that the expression pattern of the mitochondrial transcripts can discriminate between normal and tumor cells. The analysis of 24 urine samples from patients with bladder cancer revealed expression of the SncmtRNA and down-regulation of the ASncmtRNAs. Exfoliated cells recovered from the urine of healthy donors do not express these mitochondrial transcripts. This is the first report showing that the differential expression of these mitochondrial transcripts can detect tumor cells in the urine of patients with low and high grade bladder cancer.

Conclusion
This pilot study indicates that fluorescent in situ hybridization of cells from urine of patients with different grades of bladder cancer confirmed the tumor origin of these cells. Samples from the 24 patients with bladder cancer contain cells that express the SncmtRNA and down-regulate the ASncmtRNAs. In contrast, the hybridization of the few exfoliated cells recovered from healthy donors revealed no expression of these mitochondrial transcripts. This assay can be explored as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for bladder cancer.
Clomiphene citrate versus high doses of gonadotropins for in vitrofertilisation in women with compromised ovarian reserve: a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Ragni Guido , Levi-Setti Paolo E , Fadini Rubens , Brigante Claudio , Scarduelli Claudia , Alagna Federica , Arfuso Veronica , Mignini-Renzini Mario , Candiani Massimo , Paffoni Alessio , Somigliana Edgardo 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
The aim of the present randomised controlled non-inferiority trial is to test whether in women with compromised ovarian reserve requiring in vitro fertilisation, a protocol of ovarian stimulation using exclusively clomiphene citrate performs similarly to a regimen with high doses of gonadotropins.

Methods
Women with day 3 serum FSH > 12 IU/ml on at least two occasions or previous poor response to hyper-stimulation were recruited at four Italian infertility units. Selected women were allocated to clomiphene citrate 150 mg/day from day 3 to day 7 of the cycle (n=145) or to a short protocol with GnRH agonist 0.1 mg and recombinant FSH 450 IU daily (n=146). They were randomised by means of a computer-generated list into two groups. The study was not blinded. The main outcome of the study was the delivery rate per started cycle.

Results
The study was interrupted after the scheduled two years of recruitment before reaching the sample size. 148 women were allocated to clomiphene citrate and 156 to the short protocol with high doses of gonadotropins; 124 and 125 participants were analysed in the groups, respectively. Women allocated to high doses of gonadotropins retrieved more oocytes and had a higher probability to perform embryo-transfer. However, the chances of success were similar. The delivery rate per started cycle in women receiving clomiphene citrate and high-dose gonadotropins was 3% (n=5) and 5% (n=7), respectively (p=0.77). The mean estimated cost per delivery in the two groups was 81,294 and 113,107 Euros, respectively. No side-effects or adverse events were observed.

Conclusions
In women with compromised ovarian reserve selected for in vitro fertilisation, ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate or high-dose gonadotropins led to similar chances of pregnancy but the former is less expensive.

Trial registration
Trial registered on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01389713)
Coupled fixed point theorems for α-ψ-contractive type mappings in partially ordered metric spaces
Authors: Mursaleen Mohammad , Mohiuddine Syed Abdul , Agarwal Ravi P 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The object of this paper is to determine some coupled fixed point theorems for nonlinear contractive mappings in the framework of a metric space endowed with partial order. We also prove the uniqueness of a coupled fixed point for such mappings in this setup.

MSC:47H10, 54H25, 34B15.
Early dysregulation of the memory CD8+ T cell repertoire leads to compromised immune responses to secondary viral infection in the aged
Authors: Connor Lisa M , Kohlmeier Jacob E , Ryan Lynn , Roberts Alan D , Cookenham Tres , Blackman Marcia A , Woodland David L 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundVirus-specific memory CD8+T cells persist long after infection is resolved and are important for mediating recall responses to secondary infection. Although the number of memory T cells remains relatively constant over time, little is known about the overall stability of the memory T cell pool, particularly with respect to T cell clonal diversity. In this study we developed a novel assay to measure the composition of the memory T cell pool in large cohorts of mice over time following respiratory virus infection.ResultsWe find that the clonal composition of the virus-specific memory CD8+T cell pool begins to change within months of the initial infection. These early clonal perturbations eventually result in large clonal expansions that have been associated with ageing.ConclusionsMaintenance of clonal diversity is important for effective long-term memory responses and dysregulation of the memory response begins early after infection.
Anti-rotaviral effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract in piglets with rotavirus diarrhea
Authors: Alfajaro Mia Madel , Kim Hyun-Jeong , Park Jun-Gyu , Ryu Eun-Hye , Kim Ji-Yun , Jeong Young-Ju , Kim Deok-Song , Hosmillo Myra , Son Kyu-Yeol , Lee Ju-Hwan , Kwon Hyung-Jun , Ryu Young Bae , Park Su-Jin , Park Sang-Ik , Lee Woo Song , Cho Kyoung-Oh 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Since rotavirus is one of the leading pathogens that cause severe gastroenteritis and represents a serious threat to human and animal health, researchers have been searching for cheap, safe, and effective anti-rotaviral drugs. There is a widespread of interest in using natural products as antiviral agents, and among them, licorice derived from Glycyrrhiza spp. has exerted antiviral properties against several viruses. In this study, anti-rotaviral efficacy of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract (GUE) as an effective and cheaper remedy without side-effects was evaluated in colostrums-deprived piglets after induction of rotavirus diarrhea.

Methods
Colostrums-deprived piglets were inoculated with porcine rotavirus K85 (G5P[7]) strain. On the onset of diarrhea, piglets were treated with different concentration of GUE. To evaluate the antiviral efficacy of GUE, fecal consistency score, fecal virus shedding and histological changes of the small intestine, mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines (IL8, IL10, IFN-β, IFN-γ and TNF-α), signaling molecules (p38 and JNK), and transcription factor (NFκB) in the small intestine and spleen were determined.

Results
Among the dosages (100-400 mg/ml) administrated to animals, 400 mg/ml of GUE cured diarrhea, and markedly improved small intestinal lesion score and fecal virus shedding. mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines (IL8, IL10, IFN-β, IFN-γ and TNF-α), signaling molecules (p38 and JNK), and transcription factor (NFκB) in the small intestine and spleen were markedly increased in animals with RVA-induced diarrhea, but dose- dependently decreased in GUE treated animals after RVA-induced diarrhea.

Conclusions
GUE cures rotaviral enteritis by coordinating antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. Therapy of this herbal medicine can be a viable medication for curing rotaviral enteritis in animals and humans.
Mutual information and variants for protein domain-domain contact prediction
Authors: Gomes Mireille , Hamer Rebecca , Reinert Gesine , Deane Charlotte M 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Predicting protein contacts solely based on sequence information remains a challenging problem, despite the huge amount of sequence data at our disposal. Mutual Information (MI), an information theory measure, has been extensively employed and modified to identify residues within a protein (intra-protein) that are in contact. More recently MI and its variants have also been used in the prediction of contacts between proteins (inter-protein).

Methods
Here we assess the predictive power of MI and variants for domain-domain contact prediction. We test original MI and these variants, which are called MIp, MIc and ZNMI, on 40 domain-domain test cases containing 10,753 sequences. We also propose and evaluate two new versions of MI that consider triangles of residues and the physiochemical properties of the amino acids, respectively.

Results
We found that all versions of MI are skewed towards predicting surface residues. Since domain-domain contacts are on the surface of each domain, we considered only surface residues when attempting to predict contacts. Our analysis shows that MIc is the best current MI domain-domain contact predictor. At 20% recall MIc achieved a precision of 44.9% when only surface residues were considered. Our triangle and reduced alphabet variants of MI highlight the delicate trade-off between signal and noise in the use of MI for domain-domain contact prediction. We also examine a specific “successful” case study and demonstrate that here, when considering surface residues, even the most accurate domain-domain contact predictor, MIc, performs no better than random.

Conclusions
All tested variants of MI are skewed towards predicting surface residues. When considering surface residues only, we find MIc to be the best current MI domain-domain contact predictor. Its performance, however, is not as good as a non-MI based contact predictor, i-Patch. Additionally, the intra-protein contact prediction capabilities of MIc outperform its domain-domain contact prediction abilities.
Heart type fatty acid binding protein response and subsequent development of atherosclerosis in insulin resistant polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Authors: Cakir Evrim , Ozbek Mustafa , Sahin Mustafa , Cakal Erman , Gungunes Askin , Ginis Zeynep , Demirci Taner , Delibasi Tuncay 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Heart type fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) has been found to be predictive for myocardial ischemia.Wet ested whether HFABP is the predictor for CVD in PCOS patients, who have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Methods
This was a prospective, cross sectional controlled study conducted in a training and research hospital.The study population consisted of 46 reproductive-age PCOS women and 28 control subjects. We evaluated anthropometric and metabolic parameters, carotid intima media thickness and HFABP levels in both PCOS patients and control group.

Results
Mean fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, free testosterone, total testosterone, carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) levels were significantly higher in PCOS patients. Although HFABP levels were higher in PCOS patients, the difference did not reach statistically significant in early age groups. After adjustment for age and body mass index, HFABP level was positive correlated with hsCRP, free testosterone levels, CIMT and HOMA-IR.

Conclusions
Heart type free fatty acid binding protein appeared to have an important role in metabolic response and subsequent development of atherosclerosis in insulin resistant, hyperandrogenemic PCOS patients.
REVIEWS
Authors: Kruse Nathan B. , Jo Elisha , Veblen Kari 
Published: December 2012

YOUNG @ HEART, STEPHEN WALKER (2007) Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation, Los Angeles,108 minutes, rating: PG
MUSICIANS AS LIFELONG LEARNERS: DISCOVERY THROUGH BIOGRAPHY, RINEKE SMILDE (2009) Delft: Eburon, 292 pp., ISBN: (10): 9059723015, ISBN: (13): 978-9059723016, p/bk, $
30.00
COMMUNITY MUSIC IN THEORY AND IN PRACTI CE, LEE HIGGINS (2012) New York: Oxford University Press, 229 pp., ISBN: 9780199777839, h/bk, $99.00, p/bk, $29.95
REVIEWS
Authors: Gerber Marina , Smith Olga , Lafuente Pablo , Guglielmetti Mark , Plummer Sandra , Martinez Mark 
Published: December 2012

PRODUKTIONSÄSTHETIK, SEBASTIAN EGENHOFER (2010) Zurich: Diaphanes, 229 pp., ISBN: 9783037341032, p/bk, €26.90
DENKEN GEGEN DAS DENKEN. PRODUKTION, TECHNOLOGIE, SUBJEKTIVITÄT BEI SOL LEWITT, YVONNE RAINER UND HELIO OITICICA, SABETH BUCHMANN (2007) Berlin: b_books, 309
pp., ISBN: 3933557607, p/bk, €32.00
MARTHA ROSLER: THE BOWERY IN TWO INADEQUATE DESCRIPTIVE SYSTEMS, STEVE EDWARDS (2012) Afterall Books, London, 112 pp., ISBN: -10: 1846380847, ISBN: -13: 978-1846380846, p/bk, £9.95
THE REBIRTH OF HISTORY: TIMES OF RIOTS AND UPRISINGS, ALAIN
BADIOU (2012) London and New York: Verso, pp. 120, ISBN: 1844678792, h/bk, £17.99
GENEALOGY AND ONTOLOGY OF THE WESTERN IMAGE AND ITS DIGITAL FUTURE, JOHN LECHTE (2012) London: Routledge, 216 pp., ISBN: 0415887151, p/bk, £80.75.
Touching Photographs, Margaret Olin (2012)
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, v + 273 pp., ISBN: 978-0-226-62646-8, p/bk, £22.50.
Alien Phenomenology, or What its like to Be a Thing, Ian Bogost (2012) Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 166 pp., ISBN: 9780816678983, p/bk, £13.50
Exercise-Induced Wheeze, Urgent Medical Visits, and Neighborhood Asthma Prevalence
Authors: Mainardi Timothy R. , Mellins Robert B. , Miller Rachel L. , Acosta Luis M. , Cornell Alexandra , Hoepner Lori , Quinn James W. , Yan Beizhan , Chillrud Steven N. , Olmedo Omar E. , Perera Frederica P. , Goldstein Inge F. , Rundle Andrew G. , Jacobson Judith S. , Perzanowski Matthew S. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Exercise-induced wheeze (EIW) may identify a distinct population among asthmatics and give insight into asthma morbidity etiology. The prevalence of pediatric asthma and associated urgent medical visits varies greatly by neighborhood in New York City and is highest in low-income neighborhoods. Although increased asthma severity might contribute to the disparities in urgent medical visits, when controlling for health insurance coverage, we previously observed no differences in clinical measures of severity between asthmatic children living in neighborhoods with lower (3%–9%) versus higher (11%–19%) asthma prevalence. Among these asthmatics, we hypothesized that EIW would be associated with urgent medical visits and a child’s neighborhood asthma prevalence.

METHODS:
Families of 7- to 8-year-old children were recruited into a case-control study of asthma through an employer-based health insurance provider. Among the asthmatics (n = 195), prevalence ratios (PRs) for EIW were estimated. Final models included children with valid measures of lung function, seroatopy, and waist circumference (n = 140).

RESULTS:
EIW was associated with urgent medical visits for asthma (PR, 2.29; P = .021), independent of frequent wheeze symptoms. In contrast to frequent wheeze, EIW was not associated with seroatopy or exhaled NO, suggesting a distinct mechanism. EIW prevalence among asthmatics increased with increasing neighborhood asthma prevalence (PR, 1.09; P = .012), after adjustment for race, ethnicity, maternal asthma, environmental tobacco smoke, household income, and neighborhood income.

CONCLUSIONS:
EIW may contribute to the disparities in urgent medical visits for asthma between high- and low-income neighborhoods. Physicians caring for asthmatics should consider EIW an indicator of risk for urgent medical visits.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infections in Antenatal Hydronephrosis
Authors: Braga Luis H. , Mijovic Hana , Farrokhyar Forough , Pemberton Julia , DeMaria Jorge , Lorenzo Armando J. 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) is recommended to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in newborns with antenatal hydronephrosis (HN). However, there is a paucity of high-level evidence supporting this practice. The goal of this study was to conduct a systematic evaluation to determine the value of CAP in reducing the rate of UTIs in this patient population.

METHODS:
Pertinent articles and abstracts from 4 electronic databases and gray literature, spanning publication dates between 1990 and 2010, were included. Eligibility criteria included studies of children &lt;2 years old with antenatal HN, receiving either CAP or not, and reporting on development of UTIs, capturing information on voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) result and HN grade. Full-text screening and quality appraisal were conducted by 2 independent reviewers.

RESULTS:
Of 1681 citations, 21 were included in the final analysis (N = 3876 infants). Of these, 76% were of moderate or low quality. Pooled UTI rates in patients with low-grade HN were similar regardless of CAP status: 2.2% on prophylaxis versus 2.8% not receiving prophylaxis. In children with high-grade HN, patients receiving CAP had a significantly lower UTI rate versus those not receiving CAP (14.6% [95% confidence interval: 9.3–22.0] vs 28.9% [95% confidence interval: 24.6–33.6], P &lt; .01). The estimated number needed to treat to prevent 1 UTI in patients with high-grade HN was 7.

CONCLUSIONS:
This systematic review suggests value in offering CAP to infants with high-grade HN, however the impact of important variables (eg, gender, reflux, circumcision status) could not be assessed. The overall level of evidence of available data is unfortunately moderate to low.