bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seller’s right to specify features of goods
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the situation wherein the seller may make the specification of the goods. This happens if under the contract, the buyer is to specify the form, measurement, or other features of the goods and he or she fails to make such specification either on the date agreed upon or within a reasonable time after receipt of a request from the seller. In this case, the seller may—without prejudice to any other rights that he may have—make the specification in accordance with the requirements of the buyer that may be known to him or her. This chapter underscores that if the seller makes the specification, he or she must inform the buyer of the details thereof and must fix a reasonable time within which the buyer may make a different specification. If, after receipt of such a communication, the buyer fails to do so within the time so fixed, the specification made by the seller is binding. The chapter also tackles the possible restrictions on the seller’s specification. Furthermore, it looks at other remedies available to the seller.
Loss after risk has passed
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter underscores that loss of or damage to the goods after the risk has passed to the buyer does not discharge him or her from the obligation to pay the price, unless the loss or damage is due to an act or omission of the seller. The discussion emphasizes that Article 66 is not in and of itself operative but rather sets out the Convention’s concept of the passing of risk. The chapter also tackles the now prevailing view which includes governmental interferences in the Convention’s notion of risk. Furthermore, it looks at the scope of Article 66 in fine, as well as the dispute over the standard for the seller’s conduct when determining, whether there was an ‘act or omission of the seller’ making the passing of risk irrelevant under Article 66 in fine. The discussion likewise covers the restriction of claim for the purchase price.
Avoidance of instalment contracts
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks closely at Article 73, which provides for special rules of contract avoidance where the performance of an instalment contract is impaired. The provision states that a fundamental breach regarding one instalment entitles the creditor to avoid the contract with regard to that instalment. It also deals with the likeliness of a future breach in an instalment contract; if a breach of duty with regard to the current instalment indicates that future instalments might be impaired, the creditor may avoid the contract for the future. Next, it draws further consequences for the whole contract from the breach of a single delivery: the buyer who declares the contract avoided with regard to a single instalment may at the same time avoid the contract in relation to prior and/or future instalments, if, because of their interdependence, the fundamental breach of the single instalment affects also the other instalments or the contract as a whole.
Calculation of damages in general
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses Article 74, which governs the scope of the buyer’s or seller’s claim to compensation for the breach of contractual obligations. It expresses that the damages for breach of contract by one party consist of a sum equal to the loss, including loss of profit, suffered by the other party as a consequence of the breach. The provision contains two essential principles: the principle of full compensation and limitation of liability by the foreseeability rule. In explaining the scope of application of Article 74, the chapter discusses the breach of contractual obligations, breach of non-actionable duties, death and personal injury, and persons entitled to damages and third-party losses. It also describes the form of compensation to be made. The chapter tackles the categories of loss, the loss of profit, and the calculation of loss, among other topics.
Seller’s obligation to preserve the goods
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the obligation that Article 86 places on a buyer who has received the goods but does not wish to retain them. It analyzes how Article 86 corresponds to the seller’s obligation to preserve the goods under Article 85, wherein the buyer is obliged to preserve the goods. A right to reject the goods may arise from any rule providing that the buyer may return the goods to the seller. The chapter emphasizes, contrary to the view sometimes expressed, that it is not necessary for the seller to manifest one’s intention to reject the goods immediately upon their receipt. The existence of an obligation to preserve the goods cannot depend on whether or not the buyer has definitely decided to reject them.
Reservation regarding Part II or III
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates Article 92, which allows a Contracting State to declare that it will not be bound by either Part II or Part III of the Sales Convention. It details how Article 92 reservation was included in the Sales Convention as a compromise upon initiative of the Nordic (Scandinavian) States. For Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, Article 92 reservations with regard to Part II were subsequently in effect from their ratifications until 2012–14. The chapter describes the reservation under Article 92 that ranks as the most far-reaching reservation authorized under the CISG. The use of Article 92 by a State does not mean that the Convention’s rules in the reserved Part can never apply in the reservation State or to buyers and sellers from this State as Article 1(1)(b) may still result in their applicability.
A Gödel-Dugundji-style theorem for the minimal structural logic
Authors: Pawlowski Pawel , Ferguson Thomas M , Gertler Ethan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a sequent calculus, $\textbf{M}_{\textbf{S}}$, the minimal structural logic, which includes all structural rules while excluding operational ones. Despite its limited calculus, $\textbf{M}_{\textbf{S}}$ unexpectedly shares a property with intuitionistic logic and modal logics between $\textsf{S1}$ and $\textsf{S5}$: it lacks sound and complete finitely-valued (deterministic) semantics. Mirroring Gödel’s and Dugundji’s findings, we demonstrate that $\textbf{M}_{\textbf{S}}$ does possess a natural finitely-valued non-deterministic semantics. In fact, we show that $\textbf{M}_{\textbf{S}}$ is sound and complete with respect to any semantics belonging to a natural class of maximally permissive non-deterministic matrices. We close by examining the case of subsystems of $\textbf{M}_{\textbf{S}}$, including the “structural kernels” of the strict-tolerant and tolerant-strict logics $\textbf{ST}$ and $\textbf{TS}$, and strengthen this result to also preclude finitely-valued deterministic semantics with respect to variable designated value frameworks.
Testing Outlier Detection Algorithms for Identifying Early Stage Solute Clusters in Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Stroud Ryan S , Al-Saffar Ayham , Carter Megan , Moody Michael P , Pedrazzini Stella , Wenman Mark R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Atom probe tomography (APT) is commonly used to study solute clustering and precipitation in materials. However, standard techniques used to identify and characterize clusters within atom probe data, such as the density-based spatial clustering applications with noise (DBSCAN), often underperform with respect to small clusters. This is a limitation of density-based cluster identification algorithms, due to their dependence on the parameter Nmin, an arbitrary lower limit placed on detectable cluster sizes. Therefore, this article attempts to consider the characterization of clustering in atom probe data as an outlier detection problem of which k-nearest neighbors local outlier factor and learnable unified neighborhood-based anomaly ranking algorithms were tested against a simulated dataset and compared to the standard method. The decision score output of the algorithms was then auto thresholded by the Karcher mean to remove human bias. Each of the major models tested outperforms DBSCAN for cluster sizes of &lt;25 atoms but underperforms for sizes &gt;30 atoms using simulated data. However, the new combined k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) and DBSCAN method presented was able to perform well at all cluster sizes. The combined k-NN and seven methods are presented as a new approach to identifying clusters in APT.
Galaxy evolution in modified gravity simulations: using galaxy properties to constrain our gravitational model
Authors: Pallero Diego , Gómez Facundo A , Padilla Nelson D , Jaffé Y L , Baugh Carlton M , Li Baojiu , Hernández-Aguayo César , Arnold Christian 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a quantitative analysis of the properties of galaxies and structures evolving in universes dominated by different modified gravitational models, including two variants of the f(R)-gravity (F) and two of the Dvali–Gabdadze–Poratti (N) braneworld model, which respectively feature the chameleon and Vainshtein screening mechanisms. Using the Simulation HYdrodynamics BeyONd Einstein (shybone) cosmological hydrodynamical full-physics simulations suite, we study the departures in the properties of galaxies residing in different environments with respect to the standard model (GR). Using two different criteria to compare, we find that structures formed within modified gravity tend to show a denser gas density profile than their GR counterparts. Within the different modified gravity models, N1 and F5 gravity models show greater departures from the standard model, with gas density profiles $\rho _{\rm IGM} \ge 30~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ denser in the outskirts for the N1 model, and in the inner parts for the F5 model. Additionally, we find that haloes evolving in MG universes show, in general, larger quenched fractions than GR, reaching up to 20 per cent larger quenching fractions in F5 regardless of the stellar mass of the galaxy. Concerning the other models, F6, N1, and N5 show slightly larger quenched fractions, but no strong differences can be found. These results directly impact the colour distribution of galaxies, making them in MG models redder and older than their GR counterparts. Like GR, once the environment starts to play a role, galaxies rapidly get quenched, and the differences between models vanish.
What does not kill Gaia makes her stronger: impacts of external perturbations on biosphere evolution
Authors: Arthur R , Nicholson A E , Mayne N J 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Life on Earth has experienced numerous upheavals over its approximately 4 billion year history. In previous work, we have discussed how interruptions to stability lead, on average, to increases in habitability over time, a tendency we called entropic Gaia. Here, we continue this exploration, working with the Tangled Nature Model of co-evolution, to understand how the evolutionary history of life is shaped by periods of acute environmental stress. We find that while these periods of stress pose a risk of complete extinction, they also create opportunities for evolutionary exploration which would otherwise be impossible, leading to more populous and stable states among the survivors than in alternative histories without a stress period. We also study how the duration, repetition and number of refugia into which life escapes during the perturbation affects the final outcome. The model results are discussed in relation to both Earth history and the search for alien life.
PlantCircRNA: a comprehensive database for plant circular RNAs
Authors: He Shutian , Bing Jianhao , Zhong Yang , Zheng Xiaoyang , Zhou Ziyu , Wang Yifei , Hu Jiming , Sun Xiaoyong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent recently discovered novel regulatory non-coding RNAs. While they are present in many eukaryotes, there has been limited research on plant circRNAs. We developed PlantCircRNA (https://plant.deepbiology.cn/PlantCircRNA/) to fill this gap. The two most important features of PlantCircRNA are (i) it incorporates circRNAs from 94 plant species based on 39 245 RNA-sequencing samples and (ii) it imports the original AtCircDB and CropCircDB databases. We manually curated all circRNAs from published articles, and imported them into the database. Furthermore, we added detailed information of tissue as well as abiotic stresses to the database. To help users understand these circRNAs, the database includes a detection score to measure their consistency and a naming system following the guidelines recently proposed for eukaryotes. Finally, we developed a comprehensive platform for users to visualize, analyze, and download data regarding specific circRNAs. This resource will serve as a home for plant circRNAs and provide the community with unprecedented insights into these mysterious molecule.
Mechanism of structure-specific DNA binding by the FANCM branchpoint translocase
Authors: Abbouche Lara , Murphy Vincent J , Gao Jixuan , van Twest Sylvie , Sobinoff Alexander P , Auweiler Karen M , Pickett Hilda A , Bythell-Douglas Rohan , Deans Andrew J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
FANCM is a DNA repair protein that recognizes stalled replication forks, and recruits downstream repair factors. FANCM activity is also essential for the survival of cancer cells that utilize the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) mechanism. FANCM efficiently recognizes stalled replication forks in the genome or at telomeres through its strong affinity for branched DNA structures. In this study, we demonstrate that the N-terminal translocase domain drives this specific branched DNA recognition. The Hel2i subdomain within the translocase is crucial for effective substrate engagement and couples DNA binding to catalytic ATP-dependent branch migration. Removal of Hel2i or mutation of key DNA-binding residues within this domain diminished FANCM’s affinity for junction DNA and abolished branch migration activity. Importantly, these mutant FANCM variants failed to rescue the cell cycle arrest, telomere-associated replication stress, or lethality of ALT-positive cancer cells depleted of endogenous FANCM. Our results reveal the Hel2i domain is key for FANCM to properly engage DNA substrates, and therefore plays an essential role in its tumour-suppressive functions by restraining the hyperactivation of the ALT pathway.
The molecular mechanism for TERRA recruitment and annealing to telomeres
Authors: Wondimagegnhu Bersabel , Ma Wen , Paul Tapas , Liao Ting-Wei , Lee Chun Ying , Sanford Samantha , Opresko Patricia L , Myong Sua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Telomeric repeat containing RNA (TERRA) is a noncoding RNA that is transcribed from telomeres. Previous study showed that TERRA trans anneals by invading into the telomeric duplex to form an R-loop in mammalian cells. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying TERRA recruitment and invasion into telomeres in the context of shelterin proteins, RAD51 and RNase H using single molecule (sm) assays. We demonstrate that TERRA trans annealing into telomeric DNA exhibits dynamic movement that is stabilized by TRF2. TERRA annealing to the telomeric duplex results in the formation of a stable triplex structure which differs from a conventional R-loop. We identified that the presence of a sub-telomeric DNA and a telomeric overhang in the form of a G-quadruplex significantly enhances TERRA annealing to telomeric duplex. We also demonstrate that RAD51-TERRA complex invades telomere duplex more efficiently than TERRA alone. Additionally, TRF2 increases TERRA affinity to telomeric duplex and protects it from RNase H digestion. In contrast, TRF1 represses TERRA annealing to telomeric duplex and fails to provide protection against RNase H digestion. Our findings provide an in-depth molecular mechanism underpinning TERRA recruitment and annealing to the telomere.
Impact of Diet Modifications on Body Weight, Body Composition, Treatment Outcomes, and Quality of Life During Primary Treatment for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chakos Kaitlin , Pezley Lacey , Bryner Alyssa , Czyzewski Ola , Corral Jennifer , Marquina Vanessa , Gadi Vijayakrishna , Ganschow Pamela , Tussing-Humphreys Lisa , Gabel Kelsey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context
Breast cancer is a significant public health challenge, with 290 000 new cases annually and significant healthcare costs. Treatment advancements have led to improvements in survival, but common adverse effects include weight gain, fatigue, nausea, and taste changes, decreasing quality of life.

Objective
This review aims to assess the impact of diet and lifestyle interventions during primary treatment for breast cancer and their effects on body weight, body composition, treatment-related adverse outcomes, and patient-reported quality of life.

Data Sources and Data Extraction
A search of PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE conducted through May 10, 2023, identified 31 publications describing 27 interventions including diet or diet plus exercise. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool assessed the quality of publications.

Data Analysis
The findings suggest that whole foods, aerobic and strength-training exercises, and intermittent fasting during treatment may improve body weight and composition, treatment-related outcomes, and quality of life. Limitations include variation in study duration, small sample sizes, and limited sociodemographic data.

Conclusion
Improvements seen with increased diet quality and reduced caloric intake, with or without exercise, challenge current standard-of-care recommendations during treatment for breast cancer. While there is a need for additional research, healthcare teams can confidently promote healthy diets and exercise during primary treatment for breast cancer to manage weight and improve treatment-related side effects and quality of life.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. 42023425613.
Immigrant overeducation across two generations: the role of gender and part-time work
Authors: Pineda-Hernández Kevin , Rycx François , Volral Mélanie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Overeducation implies having a higher level of education than that required to perform a specific job. In this regard, a large body of literature shows that first-generation immigrants born in developing countries experience a higher likelihood of being overeducated than natives due in part to their foreign origin (i.e. immigrant overeducation). However, evidence is remarkably scarce regarding the overeducation of second-generation immigrants. Using a matched employer–employee database for Belgium over the period 1999–2016 and generalized ordered logit regressions, we contribute to the literature with one of the first studies on the intergenerational nexus between overeducation and origin among tertiary-educated workers. Our estimates suggest that immigrant overeducation disappears across two generations, except for workers from the Near and Middle East and the Maghreb. Moreover, we show that immigrant overeducation is a persistent intergenerational phenomenon among part-time workers. Our gender-interacted estimates confirm this conclusion for both male and female workers.
The effector SJP3 interferes with pistil development by sustaining SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE 3 expression in jujube
Authors: Deng Mingsheng , Ma Fuli , Zhai Liping , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Ning , Zheng Yunyan , Chen Wei , Zhou Wenmin , Pang Kaixue , Zhou Junyong , Sun Qibao , Sun Jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Jujube witches’ broom (JWB) is a phytoplasma disease that causes severe damage to jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) crops worldwide. Diseased jujube plants show enhanced vegetative growth after floral reversion, including leafy flower structures (phyllody) and the fourth whorl converting into a vegetative shoot. In previous research, secreted JWB protein 3 (SJP3) was identified as an inducer of phyllody. However, the molecular mechanisms of SJP3-mediated pistil reversion remain unknown. Here, the effector SJP3 was found to interact with the MADS-box protein SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE 3 (ZjSVP3). ZjSVP3 was expressed in young leaves and during the initial flower bud differentiation of healthy jujube-bearing shoots but was constitutively expressed in JWB phytoplasma-infected flowers until the later stage of floral development. The SJP3 effector showed the same expression pattern in the diseased buds and promoted ZjSVP3 accumulation in SJP3 transgenic jujube calli. The N-terminal domains of ZjSVP3 contributed to its escape from protein degradation in the presence of SJP3. Heterologous expression of ZjSVP3 in Nicotiana benthamiana produced typical pistil abnormalities, including trichome-enriched style and stemlike structures within the leaflike ovary, which were consistent with those in the mildly malformed lines overexpressing SJP3. Furthermore, ectopic expression of ZjSVP3 directly bound to the zinc finger protein 8 (ZjZFP8) and MADS-box gene SHATTERPROOF 1 (ZjSHP1) promoters to regulate their expression, resulting in abnormal pistil development. Overall, effector SJP3-mediated derepression of ZjSVP3 sustained its expression to interfere with pistil development, providing insight into the mechanisms of pistil reversion caused by JWB phytoplasma in specific perennial woody plant species.
Obesity and age are transmission risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among exposed individuals
Authors: Matamalas Joan T , Chelvanambi Sarvesh , Decano Julius L , França Raony F , Halu Arda , Santinelli-Pestana Diego V , Aikawa Elena , Malhotra Rajeev , Aikawa Masanori 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has occurred in Massachusetts in multiple waves led by a series of emerging variants. While the evidence has linked obesity with severe symptoms of COVID-19, the effect of obesity on susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. Identification of intrinsic factors, which increase the likelihood of exposed individuals succumbing to productive SARS-CoV-2 infection could help plan mitigation efforts to curb the illness. We aim to investigate whether obese individuals have a higher susceptibility to developing productive SARS-CoV-2 infection given comparable exposure to nonobese individuals. This case–control study leveraged data from the Mass General Brigham's (MGB) electronic medical records (EMR), containing 687,813 patients, to determine whether obesity at any age increases the proportion of infections. We used PCR results of 72,613 subjects who tested positive to SARS-CoV-2 or declared exposure to the virus independently of the result of the test. For this study, we defined susceptibility as the likelihood of testing positive upon suspected exposure. We demonstrate evidence that SARS-CoV-2 exposed obese individuals were more prone to become COVID positive than nonobese individuals [adjusted odds ratio = 1.34 (95% CI: 1.29–1.39)]. Temporal analysis showed significantly increased susceptibility in obese individuals across the duration of the pandemic in Massachusetts. Obese exposed individuals are at a higher risk of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2. This indicates that obesity is not only a risk factor for worsened outcomes but also increases the risk for infection upon exposure. Identifying such populations early will be crucial for curbing the spread of this infectious disease.