bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost effectiveness of alternative strategies for incorporating bevacizumab into the primary treatment of ovarian cancer
Authors: Barnett Jason C. , Alvarez Secord Angeles , Cohn David E. , Leath Charles A. , Myers Evan R. , Havrilesky Laura J. 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of strategies that incorporated bevacizumab into the primary platinum‐based treatment of ovarian cancer: 1) no bevacizumab; 2) concurrent and maintenance bevacizumab for all; 3) bevacizumab for suboptimally debulked stage III and stage IV disease (high‐risk cohort); and the evaluation of an alternative exploratory strategy of 4) directed bevacizumab therapy based on a predictive test for bevacizumab responsiveness.METHODSA modified Markov state transition model with a 3‐year time horizon that simulated publically available International Collaboration on Ovarian Neoplasms (ICON7) trial outcomes was used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of each strategy. Costs and adverse events were incorporated. An alternative strategy was used to model the impact on overall survival of a genetic‐based predictive test. A Monte Carlo simulation simultaneously accounted for uncertainty in key parameters.RESULTSThe incorporation of bevacizumab for high‐risk patients had an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $168,000 per quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) saved compared with chemotherapy alone and dominated a strategy of giving bevacizumab to all patients with ovarian cancer. Monte Carlo simulation acceptability curves indicated that, at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $200,000 per QALY, the treatment of high‐risk women with bevacizumab was the strategy of choice in 84% of simulations. A predictive test had an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $129,000 per QALY compared with chemotherapy alone and dominated other bevacizumab treatment strategies.CONCLUSIONSThe selective treatment of women with suboptimal and/or stage IV ovarian cancer was a more cost‐effective use of bevacizumab than universal treatment but still did not fall within the limits of common willingness‐to‐pay thresholds. Continued investigation of potentially cost‐effective strategies, such as a predictive test, is necessary to optimize the use of this expensive treatment. Cancer 2013;119:3653–3661. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Impact of internet‐based cancer survivorship care plans on health care and lifestyle behaviors
Authors: Hill‐Kayser Christine E. , Vachani Carolyn C. , Hampshire Margaret K. , Di Lullo Gloria , Jacobs Linda A. , Metz James M. 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUNDSurvivorship care plans (SCP) are currently recommended by the Institute of Medicine, and will soon be required for accreditation by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the impact of SCPs on cancer survivors has not been previously reported.METHODSIn 2007, the authors created an Internet tool for the creation of SCPs that provides customized guidelines for survivorship care. Users are sent a voluntary follow‐up survey 1 month after initial use.RESULTSFrom May 2010 through January 2013, 8690 cancer survivors used the SCP tool. The most common diagnoses were breast (45%), hematologic (12%), and gastrointestinal (11%) cancers; the median age of the survivors was 51 years. Of these, 875 (10%) respondents provided information for future electronic contact and 298 responded to a 1‐month follow‐up survey. They reported that the information provided was “good” to “excellent” in 93% of cases, and new in 65% of cases. With regard to the emotional impact of the SCP, 62% of responding survivors believed that it provided “just enough” information, 72% felt “more informed,” and 94% believed they would recommend it to others. The majority of respondents (63%) thought that the SCP changed their health care participation, and 80% shared/planned to share it with their health care team. Of those survivors who had done so, 80% reported that it improved communication with their health care providers. Greater than one‐half of survey users (54%) reported that they had made or planned to make a lifestyle change in response to the SCP, most commonly dietary modification and increased exercise.CONCLUSIONSSurvivorship care plans are useful vehicles with which to promote lifestyle and behavioral changes, and to assist survivors with communication with health care providers. These findings support recommendations from the Institute of Medicine and the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer. Cancer 2013;119:3854–3860. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Radiofrequency ablation versus open hepatic resection for elderly patients (> 65 years) with very early or early hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Peng Zhen‐Wei , Liu Fu‐Rong , Ye Sheng , Xu Li , Zhang Yao‐Jun , Liang Hui‐Hong , Lin Xiao‐Jun , Lau Wan Yee , Chen Min‐Shan 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUNDThis study retrospectively compared the safety and efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with open hepatic resection (HR) in elderly patients (age > 65 years) with very early or early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODSElderly patients (n = 180) with very early or early HCC were studied. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Cancer Center of Sun Yat‐Sen University, Guangzhou, China. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before treatment. As an initial treatment, 89 patients were treated by RFA and 91 patients by HR. The survival curves were constructed by the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared by log‐rank test.RESULTSThe 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survivals were 93.2%, 71.1%, and 55.2% for the RFA group and 88.8%, 62.8%, and 51.9% for the HR group, respectively (P = .305). The corresponding recurrence‐free survivals for these 2 groups were 84.1%, 62.7%, and 35.5% and 76.7%, 39.3%, and 33.1%, respectively (P = .035). On subgroup analysis for tumor ≤ 3 cm, the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survivals were 94.2%, 82.6%, and 67.5% for the RFA group and 90.1%, 65.0%, and 55.1% for the HR group, respectively (P = .038). The corresponding recurrence‐free survivals for the 2 groups were 85.5%, 69.1%, and 40.7%, and 82.2%, 40.1%, and 31.8%, respectively (P = .049). For tumor > 3 cm, there was no significant difference between these 2 groups for overall survivals and recurrence‐free survivals (P = .543, P = .356, respectively). A multivariate regression analysis showed that treatment type was the only significant prognostic factor for recurrence‐free survival (P = .039).CONCLUSIONSThere was no difference between the HR and RFA groups for overall survival, but RFA had better efficacy than HR for elderly patients with HCC ≤ 3 cm. Cancer 2013;119:3812–3820. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Enhanced binary exponential backoff algorithm for fair channel access in the ieee 802.11 medium access control protocol
Authors: Al‐Hubaishi M. , Alahdal T. , Alsaqour R. , Berqia A. , Abdelhaq M. , Alsaqour O. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThe medium access control protocol determines system throughput in wireless mobile ad hoc networks following the ieee 802.11 standard. Under this standard, asynchronous data transmissions have a defined distributed coordination function that allows stations to contend for channel usage in a distributed manner via the carrier sensing multiple access with collision avoidance protocol. In distributed coordination function, a slotted binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm resolves collisions of packets transmitted simultaneously by different stations. The BEB algorithm prevents packet collisions during simultaneous access by randomizing moments at stations attempting to access the wireless channels. However, this randomization does not eliminate packet collisions entirely, leading to reduced system throughput and increased packet delay and drop. In addition, the BEB algorithm results in unfair channel access among stations. In this paper, we propose an enhanced binary exponential backoff algorithm to improve channel access fairness by adjusting the manner of increasing or decreasing the contention window based on the number of the successfully sent frames. We propose several configurations and use the NS2 simulator to analyze network performance. The enhanced binary exponential backoff algorithm improves channel access fairness, significantly increases network throughput capacity, and reduces packet delay and drop. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zum Eurocode 6 – Fragen und Antworten
Authors: Jäger Wolfram 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUnter dieser Rubrik werden Fragen beantwortet, die bei der Einarbeitung in den EC 6 entstehen. Die Wiedergabe erfolgt in jedem Falle anonymisiert. Sofern es um Verständnisfragen und Hintergrundinformationen geht, werden sie von den Beiratsmitgliedern beantwortet. Handelt es sich um Auslegungsfragen, wird der zuständige NABau‐Ausschuss NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Mauerwerksbau“ (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) mit einbezogen.Mit dem Leserforum zum EC 6 soll der Praxis die Einarbeitung in das neue Normenpaket mit seinen Nationalen Anhängen erleichtert werden. Auch Sie können als Leser gern von dieser Rubrik Gebrauch machen und Ihre Fragen stellen (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).Questions concerning the introduction of the EC 6. Under this heading questions are answered, arising from the application of EC 6. The questions are expressing anonymous in all cases. Provided that they concern the understanding and background information the answers will be given by members of the editorial board. If the questions are dealing with the interpretation of clauses of EC 6 the responsible code committee NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Masonry construction” (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) will be involved.The practice should get help for the adjustment in the EC 6 and its National Annexes with this new category of contributions. The readers are invited to avail oneself of this chance very active (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).Die nachfolgenden Fragen und Antworten beziehen sich auf den Teil 1‐1 [1] sowie Teil 3 [3] von DIN EN 1996 zusammen mit dem zugehörigen Nationalen Anhang [2] und [4].
Genetic structure and demographic history of the endangered tree species Dysoxylum malabaricum (Meliaceae) in Western Ghats, India: implications for conservation in a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Bodare Sofia , Tsuda Yoshiaki , Ravikanth Gudasalamani , Uma Shaanker Ramanan , Lascoux Martin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe impact of fragmentation by human activities on genetic diversity of forest trees is an important concern in forest conservation, especially in tropical forests. Dysoxylum malabaricum (white cedar) is an economically important tree species, endemic to the Western Ghats, India, one of the world's eight most important biodiversity hotspots. As D. malabaricum is under pressure of disturbance and fragmentation together with overharvesting, conservation efforts are required in this species. In this study, range‐wide genetic structure of twelve D. malabaricum populations was evaluated to assess the impact of human activities on genetic diversity and infer the species’ evolutionary history, using both nuclear and chloroplast (cp) DNA simple sequence repeats (SSR). As genetic diversity and population structure did not differ among seedling, juvenile and adult age classes, reproductive success among the old‐growth trees and long distance seed dispersal by hornbills were suggested to contribute to maintain genetic diversity. The fixation index (FIS) was significantly correlated with latitude, with a higher level of inbreeding in the northern populations, possibly reflecting a more severe ecosystem disturbance in those populations. Both nuclear and cpSSRs revealed northern and southern genetic groups with some discordance of their distributions; however, they did not correlate with any of the two geographic gaps known as genetic barriers to animals. Approximate Bayesian computation‐based inference from nuclear SSRs suggested that population divergence occurred before the last glacial maximum. Finally we discussed the implications of these results, in particular the presence of a clear pattern of historical genetic subdivision, on conservation policies.
Evolutionary history of rat‐borne Bartonella: the importance of commensal rats in the dissemination of bacterial infections globally
Authors: Hayman David T. S. , McDonald Katherine D. , Kosoy Michael Y. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEmerging pathogens that originate from invasive species have caused numerous significant epidemics. Some bacteria of genus Bartonella are rodent‐borne pathogens that can cause disease in humans and animals alike. We analyzed gltA sequences of 191 strains of rat‐associated bartonellae from 29 rodent species from 17 countries to test the hypotheses that this bacterial complex evolved and diversified in Southeast Asia before being disseminated by commensal rats Rattus rattus (black rat) and Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) to other parts of the globe. The analysis suggests that there have been numerous dispersal events within Asia and introductions from Asia to other regions, with six major clades containing Southeast Asian isolates that appear to have been dispersed globally. Phylogeographic analyses support the hypotheses that these bacteria originated in Southeast Asia and commensal rodents (R. rattus and R. norvegicus) play key roles in the evolution and dissemination of this Bartonella complex throughout the world.
Investigation of Carbonyl Iron Powder for Development of Power Inductors for High Frequency
Authors: Koeda Masahito , Harada Akihiro , Ono Hiroyuki , Ishikura Tomokazu , Kuroda Tomofumi , Moro Hideharu 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYWe have investigated carbonyl iron powder (CIP) for the development of a low‐loss power inductor at about 1 MHz. Significant differences were observed for the coercivity between two kinds of CIP, nonreduction CIP and reduction CIP. In order to investigate the origin of the significant differences of coercivity, we studied two kinds of CIP. It was shown that nonreduction CIP with low coercivity is an Fe‐based nanocrystalline soft magnetic material with a high saturation magnetization. We were able to produce a low‐loss dust core using a low‐coercivity CIP at about 1 MHz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(9): 46–52, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11408
Synthesis of the Pentasaccharide Moiety of Thornasterside A
Authors: Xiong Junlong , Lu Zhichao , Ding Ning , Ren Sumei , Li Yingxia 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of the pentasaccharide moiety of thornasteroside A, the first asterosaponin isolated from starfish in 1978 has been achieved for the first time. Initially, a [3+2] convergent strategy was attempted, but the β(1→4) glycosidic linkage between galactopyranose (sugar IV) and xylopyranose (sugar II) was formed with a low stereoselectivity and in low yield. Subsequently, a [3+1+1] strategy was adopted. A galactopyranosyl donor (18) equipped with a neighboring participating Lev (levulinoyl) group at the 2‐position was first coupled with a trisaccharide acceptor to construct the β(1→4) glycosidic bond. Then the Lev group was selectively removed, and subsequent glycosylation with a perbenzoylated D‐fucopyranosyl Schmidt donor efficiently gave the desired pentasaccharide.
Shared space, separate processes: Neural activation patterns for auditory description and visual object naming in healthy adults
Authors: Hamberger Marla J. , Habeck Christian G. , Pantazatos Spiro P. , Williams Alicia C. , Hirsch Joy 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTHistorically, both clinicians and cognitive scientists have used visual object naming measures to study naming, and lesion‐type studies have implicated the left posterior, temporo‐parietal region as a critical component of naming circuitry. However, recent results from behavioral and cortical stimulation studies using auditory description naming as well as visual object naming in left temporal lobe epilepsy patients suggest that discrete sites in anterior temporal cortex are critical for description naming, whereas posterior temporal regions mediate both visual object naming and description naming. To determine whether this task specificity reflects normal cerebral organization and processing, 13 healthy adults performed description naming and visual naming during functional neuroimaging. In addition to standard univariate analysis, multivariate, ordinal trend analysis examined the network character of the regions involved in task‐specific naming. Univariate analysis indicated posterior temporal activation for both visual naming and description naming, whereas multivariate analysis revealed broader networks for both tasks, with both overlapping and task‐specific regions, as well as task‐related differences in the way the tasks utilized common regions. Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed unique, task‐specific, regionally covarying activation patterns that were strikingly consistent in all 13 subjects for visual naming and 12/13 subjects for description naming. Results suggest a common neural substrate, yet differentiable neural processes underlying visual naming and description naming in neurologically intact individuals. These findings support the use of both types of tasks for clinical assessment and may have application in the treatment of neurologically based naming deficits. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2507–2520, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence of mechanism of action of anti‐inflammatory/antinociceptive activities of acacetin
Authors: Carballo‐Villalobos A.I. , González‐Trujano M.E. , López‐Muñoz F.J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundAcacetin is a bioflavonoid with pharmacological properties such as antinociceptive/anti‐inflammatory activities. However, scientific evidence of its spectrum activity and mechanisms of action is unknown.MethodsAcacetin administered via i.p. was assessed using several nociceptive experimental models such as the writhing test, the formalin test and carrageenan paw oedema in the thermal plantar tests (Hargreaves method) in mice, as well as the pain‐induced functional impairment model in rat (PIFIR model).ResultsAcacetin produced a significant and dose‐dependent inhibition of the writhes with an ED50 = 20 mg/kg. Furthermore, acacetin inhibited licking and shaking associated with nociceptive behaviour mainly in the inflammatory phase of the formalin test. No significant differences were observed in the plantar test in mice, but a minor response was obtained in the PIFIR model. Animals receiving pre‐treatment of WAY100635 (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.), flumazenil (3 mg/kg, i.p.) or naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) partially reduced the antinociceptive response of acacetin in the writhing test. Presence of the inhibitors in the NO‐cGMP‐K+ channel pathway did not modify the antinociceptive effect of acacetin in the writhing or the formalin test.ConclusionsOur data showed that systemic administration of acacetin decreased visceral and inflammatory nociception and prevented the formalin‐induced oedema. In the mechanism of the acacetin antinociceptive effect, 5‐HT1A, GABA/BDZs and opioid receptors but not the NO‐cGMP‐K+ channel pathway seem to be involved. The data presented prove acacetin to be potentially useful in the therapy of pain‐related diseases.
Cognitive social structures in social network research: A review
Authors: Brands Raina A. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThis review highlights one stream of work within the social network field, namely the work on cognitive social structures (CSS). First, CSS research is positioned within the field of social networks, and the key methods associated with CSS research are described. Research examining systematic biases in individuals' perceptions of social networks is covered, as is research examining the consequences of biased network perceptions (in terms of behaviors and outcomes). A research agenda is forwarded, suggesting three key directions for future research: the social capital of cognitive ties, extending and challenging network accuracy as a source of advantage and collective agency and organizational change. The overall goal is to invigorate research that moves beyond the description of cognitive social structures to an outcome‐focused research paradigm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intensification and rapid intensification of North Atlantic tropical cyclones: geography, time of year, age since genesis, and storm characteristics
Authors: Yaukey Peter H. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTTropical cyclone best track data in the Atlantic from 1950 to 2009 were analysed to determine whether tendency to rapidly intensify varied among geographical sub‐regions, 15‐d intervals within the season, or when the storm displayed different characteristics of age, strength, or time of day. Wind speed increases of 7.7 m s−1 (15 kt)/24 h and 15.4 m s−1 (30 kt)/24 h were used to define intensification events; these ended up showing similar patterns. Cyclones were most likely to begin intensifying in the Gulf of Mexico and least likely in the northeast Atlantic. Likelihood did not peak during the early September peak of cyclone occurrence; cyclones were most likely to begin intensification on their initial observations, and at that time were most likely to do so if their wind speed was 18.0 m s−1 (35 kt). Older cyclones showed peaks of intensification onset at 15.4 m s−1 (30 kt) and 36.0 m s−1 (70 kt). Intensification rarely began immediately after wind speed had declined over the previous 6 h; when winds had been unchanged, intensification most often occurred when central pressure had dropped by 1 or 2 mb. Intensification onset was more likely when winds were slower than average relative to the storm's central pressure. In three time zones, onset of intensification (7.7 m s−1 [15 kt]/24 h) appeared to be most likely shortly after midnight local time, and least likely shortly before midnight. Cyclogenesis was least frequent around local midnight, and most likely in the diurnal morning hours.
Comparing Ammonium and Phosphonium Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Thermal Analysis, Conductivity, and Morphology
Authors: Hemp Sean T. , Zhang Mingqiang , Allen Michael H. , Cheng Shijing , Moore Robert B. , Long Timothy E. 
Published: August 2013

Conventional free radical polymerization and anion metathesis of ammonium and phosphonium styrenics successfully generates high‐molecular‐weight polymerized ionic liquids (PILs). Phosphonium polyelectrolytes containing Cl‐ counterions display significantly higher thermal stabilities (>370 °C) compared with ammonium analogs (<220 °C). Anion exchange to BF4–, TfO–, and Tf2N– improves the thermal stability of all the PILs and depresses their Tg. Impedance‐spectroscopy‐probed ionic conductivities of PILs containing Tf2N–, and phosphonium PILs exhibit higher values than ammonium analogs. Phosphonium PILs displayed many advantages over ammonium PILs for emerging applications that demand higher thermal stabilities and ionic conductivities.
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Collection of Delinquent Fines: An Adaptive Randomized Trial to Assess the Effectiveness of Alternative Text Messages
Authors: Haynes Laura C. , Green Donald P. , Gallagher Rory , John Peter , Torgerson David J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe collection of delinquent fines is a vast and ongoing public administration challenge. In the United Kingdom, unpaid fines amount to more than 500 million pounds. Managing noncompliant accounts and dispatching bailiffs to collect fines in person is costly. This paper reports the results of a large randomized controlled trial, led by the UK Cabinet Office's Behavioural Insights Team, which was designed to test the effectiveness of mobile phone text messaging as an alternative method of inducing people to pay their outstanding fines. An adaptive trial design was used, first to test the effectiveness of text messaging against no treatment and then to test the relative effectiveness of alternative messages. Text messages, which are relatively inexpensive, are found to significantly increase average payment of delinquent fines. We found text messages to be especially effective when they address the recipient by name.