bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gd-metallofullerenol nanomaterial as non-toxic breast cancer stem cell-specific inhibitor
Authors: Liu Ying , Chen Chunying , Qian Pengxu , Lu Xuefei , Sun Baoyun , Zhang Xiao , Wang Liming , Gao Xingfa , Li Han , Chen Zhiyun , Tang Jinglong , Zhang Weijie , Dong Jinquan , Bai Ru , Lobie Peter E. , Wu Qingfa , Liu Suling , Zhang Huafeng , Zhao Feng , Wicha Max S. , Zhu Tao , Zhao Yuliang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe contemporary use of nanomedicines for cancer treatment has been largely limited to serving as carriers for existing therapeutic agents. Here, we provide definitive evidence that, the metallofullerenol nanomaterial Gd@C82(OH)22, while essentially not toxic to normal mammary epithelial cells, possesses intrinsic inhibitory activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells. Gd@C82(OH)22 blocks epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition with resultant efficient elimination of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) resulting in abrogation of tumour initiation and metastasis. In normoxic conditions, Gd@C82(OH)22 mediates these effects by blocking TGF-β signalling. Moreover, under hypoxic conditions found in the tumour microenvironment, cellular uptake of Gd@C82(OH)22 is facilitated where it functions as a bi-potent inhibitor of HIF-1α and TGF-β activities, enhancing CSC elimination. These studies indicate that nanomaterials can be engineered to directly target CSCs. Thus, Gd-metallofullerenol is identified as a kind of non-toxic CSC specific inhibitors with significant therapeutic potential.
Different forms of effective connectivity in primate frontotemporal pathways
Authors: Petkov Christopher I. , Kikuchi Yukiko , Milne Alice E. , Mishkin Mortimer , Rauschecker Josef P. , Logothetis Nikos K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt is generally held that non-primary sensory regions of the brain have a strong impact on frontal cortex. However, the effective connectivity of pathways to frontal cortex is poorly understood. Here we microstimulate sites in the superior temporal and ventral frontal cortex of monkeys and use functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the functional activity resulting from the stimulation of interconnected regions. Surprisingly, we find that, although certain earlier stages of auditory cortical processing can strongly activate frontal cortex, downstream auditory regions, such as voice-sensitive cortex, appear to functionally engage primarily an ipsilateral temporal lobe network. Stimulating other sites within this activated temporal lobe network shows strong activation of frontal cortex. The results indicate that the relative stage of sensory processing does not predict the level of functional access to the frontal lobes. Rather, certain brain regions engage local networks, only parts of which have a strong functional impact on frontal cortex.
Dppa3 expression is critical for generation of fully reprogrammed iPS cells and maintenance of Dlk1-Dio3 imprinting
Authors: Xu Xingbo , Smorag Lukasz , Nakamura Toshinobu , Kimura Tohru , Dressel Ralf , Fitzner Antje , Tan Xiaoying , Linke Matthias , Zechner Ulrich , Engel Wolfgang , Krishna Pantakani D. V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractReprogramming of mouse somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) often generates partially reprogrammed iPSCs (pre-iPSCs), low-grade chimera forming iPSCs (lg-iPSCs) and fully reprogrammed, high-grade chimera production competent iPSCs (hg-iPSCs). Lg-iPSC transcriptome analysis revealed misregulated Dlk1-Dio3 cluster gene expression and subsequently the imprinting defect at the Dlk1-Dio3 locus. Here, we show that germ-cell marker Dppa3 is present only in lg-iPSCs and hg-iPSCs, and that induction with exogenous Dppa3 enhances reprogramming kinetics, generating all hg-iPSCs, similar to vitamin C (Vc). Conversely, Dppa3-null fibroblasts show reprogramming block at pre-iPSCs state and Dlk1-Dio3 imprinting defect. At the molecular level, we show that Dppa3 is associated with Dlk1-Dio3 locus and identify that Dppa3 maintains imprinting by antagonizing Dnmt3a binding. Our results further show molecular parallels between Dppa3 and Vc in Dlk1-Dio3 imprinting maintenance and suggest that early activation of Dppa3 is one of the cascades through which Vc facilitates the generation of fully reprogrammed iPSCs.
The putative Na+/Cl−-dependent neurotransmitter/osmolyte transporter inebriated in the Drosophila hindgut is essential for the maintenance of systemic water homeostasis
Authors: Luan Zhuo , Quigley Caitlin , Li Hong-Sheng 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMost organisms are able to maintain systemic water homeostasis over a wide range of external or dietary osmolarities. The excretory system, composed of the kidneys in mammals and the Malpighian tubules and hindgut in insects, can increase water conservation and absorption to maintain systemic water homeostasis, which enables organisms to tolerate external hypertonicity or desiccation. However, the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of systemic water homeostasis by the excretory system have not been fully characterized. In the present study, we found that the putative Na+/Cl−-dependent neurotransmitter/osmolyte transporter inebriated (ine) is expressed in the basolateral membrane of anterior hindgut epithelial cells. This was confirmed by comparison with a known basolateral localized protein, the α subunit of Na+-K+ ATPase (ATPα). Under external hypertonicity, loss of ine in the hindgut epithelium results in severe dehydration without damage to the hindgut epithelial cells, implicating a physiological failure of water conservation/absorption. We also found that hindgut expression of ine is required for water conservation under desiccating conditions. Importantly, specific expression of ine in the hindgut epithelium can completely restore disrupted systemic water homeostasis in ine mutants under both conditions. Therefore, ine in the Drosophila hindgut is essential for the maintenance of systemic water homeostasis.
Cluster‐error correction for through‐silicon vias in 3D ICs
Authors: Huang Tsung‐Chu 
Published: January 2015

The two‐dimensional parity check is the optimum single‐error‐correction code in terms of speed. In this reported work it is employed to develop two sliding schemes for through‐silicon‐via cluster error correction in three‐dimensional ICs. For k bits of source data, the one‐dimensional sliding scheme can correct a single cluster error up to about √k bits and more extra discrete errors can be corrected by the two‐dimensional sliding scheme. Experiments show that for several hundreds of through‐silicon vias (TSVs), two trees of 3‐level 2‐input exclusive‐OR (XOR) gates are almost optimised to encode and decode each interconnect, and the time penalty can be controlled within about 1 ns.
Achieving negative security gaps with transmit antenna selection and frame scrambling in quasi‐static fading channels
Authors: Chiodi M.A. , Rebelatto J.L. , Souza R.D. , Brante G. 
Published: January 2015

The security gap of a wireless network composed of two legitimate nodes and one eavesdropper, all provided with multiple antennas, is evaluated. The use of transmit antenna selection combined with frame scrambling may lead to gaps <0 dB, under feasible scrambling depths and a practical number of transmit antennas is shown.
Aβ induces oxidative stress in senescence-accelerated (SAMP8) mice
Authors: Takagane Kurara , Nojima Jun , Mitsuhashi Hiroaki , Suo Satoshi , Yanagihara Dai , Takaiwa Fumio , Urano Yasuomi , Noguchi Noriko , Ishiura Shoichi 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
According to the amyloid hypothesis, amyloid β accumulates in brains with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and triggers cell death and memory deficit. Previously, we developed a rice Aβ vaccine expressing Aβ, which reduced brain Aβ levels in the Tg2576 mouse model of familial AD. We used senescence-accelerated SAMP8 mice as a model of sporadic AD and investigated the relationship between Aβ and oxidative stress. Insoluble Aβ and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels tended to be reduced in SAMP8 mice-fed the rice Aβ vaccine. We attempted to clarify the relationship between oxidative stress and Aβ in vitro. Addition of Aβ peptide to the culture medium resulted in an increase in 4-HNE levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Tg2576 mice, which express large amounts of Aβ in their brain, also exhibited increased 4-HNE levels; this increase was inhibited by the Aβ vaccine. These results indicate that Aβ induces oxidative stress in cultured cells and in the mouse brain.
Risk assessment and risk management: a primer for marine scientists
Authors: Gibbs Mark T. , Browman Howard I. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Risk assessment is the management approach or framework of choice in many disciplines, including health care and research, engineering design, and particularly the insurance sector which relies on the best available forward projections of natural hazards and accidents. The marine management community, which includes researchers, practitioners, and resource managers responsible for individual targeted stocks, aquaculture activities, and the marine environment in general, has been slower to take up quantitative risk assessment approaches. Whilst there are prominent examples where risk assessment and management approaches have been applied, they are relatively few. This article theme set presents examples of such and identifies tools and approaches that can be applied to coastal and oceanic marine systems worldwide. The methods developed and the lessons learned from these studies can be used to guide researchers, practitioners, and resource managers. It is hoped that this article theme set will provide an overview of the current state of risk assessment as applied to marine resource management, and stimulate new thinking on how risk assessment approaches can be applied.
Improved detection of resistance at failure to a tenofovir, emtricitabine and efavirenz regimen by ultradeep sequencing
Authors: Todesco Eve , Rodriguez Christophe , Morand-Joubert Laurence , Mercier-Darty Mélanie , Desire Nathalie , Wirden Marc , Girard Pierre-Marie , Katlama Christine , Calvez Vincent , Marcelin Anne-Geneviève 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Resistant minority variants present before ART can be a source of virological failure. This has been shown for NRTIs, NNRTIs and CCR5 inhibitors. However, very few data are available for the detection of such minority resistant variants that could be selected at virological failure and not detected using classical Sanger sequencing.

Methods
We studied 26 patients treated with tenofovir, emtricitabine and efavirenz with their first virological failure (defined as two consecutive viral loads &gt;50 copies/mL). We performed standard Sanger sequencing and ultradeep sequencing (UDS; Roche 454® Life Sciences) in plasma at failure. For UDS, mutations &gt;1% were considered. We compared the presence of reverse transcriptase mutations between the two techniques, using the latest ANRS algorithm.

Results
UDS detected more resistance mutations in 38.5% of cases (10/26 patients) and the genotypic sensitivity score (GSS) was reduced for 6 of them (23.1%). The GSS was impacted more often for NRTIs than for NNRTIs, for which most mutations were already detected by Sanger sequencing. Resistant minority variants were detected even in patients with low viral load at failure.

Conclusions
These results strongly argue for the use of next-generation sequencing in patients failing on an NRTI+NNRTI regimen, as UDS has the potential to modify the choice of the subsequent regimen.
Comparative effectiveness of cefazolin versus cloxacillin as definitive antibiotic therapy for MSSA bacteraemia: results from a large multicentre cohort study
Authors: Bai Anthony D. , Showler Adrienne , Burry Lisa , Steinberg Marilyn , Ricciuto Daniel R. , Fernandes Tania , Chiu Anna , Raybardhan Sumit , Science Michelle , Fernando Eshan , Tomlinson George , Bell Chaim M. , Morris Andrew M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Objectives
We compared the effectiveness of cefazolin versus cloxacillin in the treatment of MSSA bacteraemia in terms of mortality and relapse.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study examined consecutive patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia from six academic and community hospitals between 2007 and 2010. Patients with MSSA bacteraemia who received cefazolin or cloxacillin as the predominant definitive antibiotic therapy were included in the study. Ninety-day mortality was compared between the two groups matched by propensity scores.

Results
Of 354 patients included in the study, 105 (30%) received cefazolin and 249 (70%) received cloxacillin as the definitive antibiotic therapy. In 90 days, 96 (27%) patients died: 21/105 (20%) in the cefazolin group and 75/249 (30%) in the cloxacillin group. Within 90 days, 10 patients (3%) had a relapse of S. aureus infection: 6/105 (6%) in the cefazolin group and 4/249 (2%) in the cloxacillin group. All relapses in the cefazolin group were related to a deep-seated infection. Based on the estimated propensity score, 90 patients in the cefazolin group were matched with 90 patients in the cloxacillin group. In the propensity score-matched groups, cefazolin had an HR of 0.58 (95% CI 0.31–1.08, P = 0.0846) for 90 day mortality.

Conclusions
There was no significant clinical difference between cefazolin and cloxacillin in the treatment of MSSA bacteraemia with respect to mortality. Cefazolin was associated with non-significantly more relapses compared with cloxacillin, especially in deep-seated S. aureus infections.
Stratified Entomological Sampling in Preparation for an Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management Program: The Example of Glossina palpalis gambiensis (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the Niayes of Senegal
Authors: Bouyer Jérémy , Seck Momar Talla , Sall Baba , Ndiaye Elhadji Youssou , Guerrini Laure , Vreysen Marc J. B. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The riverine tsetse species Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank 1949 (Diptera: Glossinidae) inhabits riparian forests along river systems in West Africa. The government of Senegal has embarked on a project to eliminate this tsetse species, and African animal trypanosomoses, from the Niayes area using an area-wide integrated pest management approach. A stratified entomological sampling strategy was therefore developed using spatial analytical tools and mathematical modeling. A preliminary phytosociological census identified eight types of suitable habitat, which could be discriminated from LandSat 7 ETM + satellite images and denominated wet areas. At the end of March 2009, 683 unbaited Vavoua traps had been deployed, and the observed infested area in the Niayes was 525 km2. In the remaining area, a mathematical model was used to assess the risk that flies were present despite a sequence of zero catches. The analysis showed that this risk was above 0.05 in 19% of this area that will be considered as infested during the control operations. The remote sensing analysis that identified the wet areas allowed a restriction of the area to be surveyed to 4% of the total surface area (7,150 km2), whereas the mathematical model provided an efficient method to improve the accuracy and the robustness of the sampling protocol. The final size of the control area will be decided based on the entomological collection data. This entomological sampling procedure might be used for other vector or pest control scenarios.
A Biosecurity Response to Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Holder Peter , George Sherly , Disbury Mark , Singe Monica , Kean John M. , Mcfadden Andrew 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A biosecurity response was triggered by the detection of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) at the Port of Auckland, New Zealand. Ae. albopictus does not occur in New Zealand and is the most significant mosquito threat to this country. The possibility that a founding population had established, resulted in a large-scale biosecurity surveillance and control program. The response was initiated in early March 2007 and completed by mid-May 2007. No further exotic mosquitoes were detected. The response surveillance program consisted of larval habitat surveys and high density ovi- and light trapping. It was coordinated with a habitat modification and S-methoprene treatment control program. The response policies were guided by analysis of surveillance and quality assurance data, population modeling, and trace-back activities. Mosquito habitat and activity close to port were both more abundant than expected, particularly in storm water drain sumps. Sumps are difficult to treat, and during the response some modification was required to the surveillance program and the control regime. We were assured of the absence or eradication of any Ae. albopictus population, as a result of nil detection from surveillance, backed up by four overlapping rounds of insecticide treatment of habitat. This work highlights the importance of port surveillance and may serve as a guide for responses for future urban mosquito incursions.
Reproducibility Of Parameter Learning With Missing Observations in Naive Wnt Bayesian Network Trained on Normal/Adenomas Samples and Doxycycline Treated LS174T Cell Lines
Authors: Sinha Shriprakash 
Published: January 2015

Insight, Innovation and IntegrationDoxycycline, a derivative of tetracycline, induces gene expression via reversible transcriptional activation. Levels of /3-catenin and other intra/extracellular genetic factors have been influenced in colorectal cancer cell lines, which make doxycycline a potential candidate for cancer chemotherapy. With the aim to build better computational models that show good prediction on test datasets, doxycycline treated cell lines might provide best training samples. This work tests the reproducibility of parameter learning and predictions based on the estimated parameters, using the Naive Bayesian Networks for Wnt pathway in case of missing observations for different nodes. The in silico experiments show the efficacy of causal models as one of the emerging diagnostic tools in development of targeted cancer therapy.Recent efforts in predicting Wnt signaling activation via inference methods have helped in developing diagnostic models for therapeutic drug targeting. In this manuscript the reproducibility of parameter learning with missing observations in a Bayesian Network and its effect on prediction results for Wnt signaling activation is tested, while training the networks on doxycycline treated LS174T cell lines as well as normal and adenomas samples. This is done in order to check the effectiveness of using Bayesian Network as a tool for modeling Wnt pathway when certain observations are missing. Experimental analysis suggest that prediction results are reproducible with negligible deviations. Anomalies in estimated parameters are accounted for due to the Bayesian Network model. Also, an interesting case regarding usage of hypothesis testing came up while proving the statistical significance of different design setups of the BN model which was trained on the same data. It was found that hypothesis testing may not be the correct way to check the significance between design setups for the aforementioned case, especially when the structure of the model is same. Finally, in comparison to the biologically inspired models, the naive bayesian model may give accurate results but this accuracy comes at the cost of loss of crucial biological knowledge which might help reveal hidden relations among intra/extracellular factors affecting the Wnt pathway.
Oscillatory signatures of crossmodal congruence effects: An EEG investigation employing a visuotactile pattern matching paradigm
Authors: Göschl Florian , Friese Uwe , Daume Jonathan , König Peter , Engel Andreas K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCoherent percepts emerge from the accurate combination of inputs from the different sensory systems. There is an ongoing debate about the neurophysiological mechanisms of crossmodal interactions in the brain, and it has been proposed that transient synchronization of neurons might be of central importance. Oscillatory activity in lower frequency ranges (< 30 Hz) has been implicated in mediating long-range communication as typically studied in multisensory research. In the current study, we recorded high-density electroencephalograms while human participants were engaged in a visuotactile pattern matching paradigm and analyzed oscillatory power in the theta- (4-7 Hz), alpha-(8-13 Hz) and beta-bands (13-30 Hz). Employing the same physical stimuli, separate tasks of the experiment either required the detection of predefined targets in visual and tactile modalities or the explicit evaluation of crossmodal stimulus congruence. Analysis of the behavioral data showed benefits for congruent visuotactile stimulus combinations. Differences in oscillatory dynamics related to crossmodal congruence within the two tasks were observed in the beta-band for crossmodal target detection, as well as in the theta-band for congruence evaluation. Contrasting ongoing activity preceding visuotactile stimulation between the two tasks revealed differences in the alpha- and beta-bands. Source reconstruction of between-task differences showed prominent involvement of premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, somatosensory association cortex and the supramarginal gyrus. These areas not only exhibited more involvement in the pre-stimulus interval for target detection compared to congruence evaluation, but were also crucially involved in post-stimulus differences related to crossmodal stimulus congruence within the detection task. These results add to the increasing evidence that low frequency oscillations are functionally relevant for integration in distributed brain networks, as demonstrated for crossmodal interactions in visuotactile pattern matching in the current study.
Genome specialization and decay of the strangles pathogen,Streptococcus equi, is driven by persistent infection
Authors: Harris Simon R. , Robinson Carl , Steward Karen F. , Webb Katy S. , Paillot Romain , Parkhill Julian , Holden Matthew T. G. , Waller Andrew S. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTStrangles, the most frequently diagnosed infectious disease of horses worldwide, is caused byStreptococcus equi. Despite its prevalence, the global diversity and mechanisms underlying the evolution ofS. equias a host-restricted pathogen remain poorly understood. Here we define the global population structure of this important pathogen and reveal a population replacement in the late 19thor early 20thcentury, contemporaneous with a spate of global conflicts. Our data reveal a dynamic genome that continues to mutate and decay, but also to amplify and acquire genes despite the organism having lost its natural competence and become host-restricted.The lifestyle ofS. equiwithin the horse is defined by short-term acute disease, strangles, followed by long-term carriage. Population analysis reveals evidence of convergent evolution in isolates from post-acute disease samples, as a result of niche adaptation to persistent carriage within a host. Mutations that lead to metabolic streamlining and the loss of virulence determinants are more frequently found in carriage isolates, suggesting that the pathogenic potential ofS. equireduces as a consequence of long term residency within the horse post acute disease. An example of this is the deletion of the equibactin siderophore locus that is associated with iron acquisition, which occurs exclusively in carrier isolates, and rendersS. equisignificantly less able to cause acute disease in the natural host. We identify several loci that may similarly be required for the full virulence ofS. equi, directing future research towards the development of new vaccines against this host-restricted pathogen.