bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Background variations of atmospheric CO2 and carbon‐stable isotopes at Waliguan and Shangdianzi stations in China
Authors: Liu LiXin , Zhou LingXi , Vaughn Bruce , Miller John B. , Brand Willi A. , Rothe Michael , Xia LingJun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUsing observational data from 2007 to 2010 at the Waliguan and Shangdianzi stations in China, atmospheric CO2, its δ13C composition, and their potential relationship with sources and sinks are studied. Results suggest that at Waliguan (WLG) station, both CO2 and δ13C possess long‐term trends and seasonal cycles that correlate well with each other. CO2 and δ13C interannual variations indicate terrestrial ecosystem source‐sink seasonal features in the midlatitude to high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere. CO2 annual means vary from 384.0 ppm to 390.2 ppm and increase in an approximately linear manner with a mean annual growth rate of 2.1 ± 0.1 ppm. The δ13C annual means vary from −8.30‰ to −8.35‰ and decrease almost linearly with a mean annual rate of −0.02‰ ± 0.001‰. Under the given conditions of terrestrial biosphere and anthropogenic activities at Shangdianzi (SDZ) station, the CO2 annual means vary from 385.1 ppm to 390.6 ppm and approximately increase linearly with a mean annual growth rate of 1.8 ± 0.1 ppm. The peak‐to‐peak annual seasonal amplitude is 23.0 ppm. The δ13C annual means vary from −8.27‰ to −8.36‰ between 2009 and 2010. Mean values of −25.44‰ ± 0.72‰ and −21.70‰ ± 0.67‰ for the respective sources are obtained at WLG and SDZ. The estimated δs values are more negative in winter and spring than in summer and autumn at WLG. While because substantial C4 photosynthesis taking place in summer and biomass burning strongly contribute in winter, the estimated δs values at SDZ are unusually heavier throughout the year and more positive than those at WLG.
Impact of natural aerosols on atmospheric radiation and consequent feedbacks with the meteorological and photochemical state of the atmosphere
Authors: Kushta J. , Kallos G. , Astitha M. , Solomos S. , Spyrou C. , Mitsakou C. , Lelieveld J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper addresses the aerosol effects on radiation and the feedback on meteorology and photochemical activity, applying the online model RAMS/ICLAMS. The model treats meteorology and chemical pollutants on an interactive way. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), giant cloud condensation nuclei, and ice nuclei are treated as predictive quantities. The calculation of the aerosol optical properties accounts for size‐resolved mineral dust and size‐ and humidity‐dependent optical properties of sea salt. The simulations with and without aerosol impacts reveal the complex direct and indirect mechanisms through which the alteration of radiation fluxes influences meteorology and photochemical processes. For the specific dust event, the reduction in the surface shortwave radiation over cloudless regions affected by dust averages at ~ −75 W m−2 at 12:00 UTC per unit dust loading (1 g m−2). The increase on downwelling longwave radiation over the same areas and time averages at ~ 40 W m−2 per unit dust loading (1 g m−2). Surface upwelling longwave radiation over Mediterranean exhibits a complex daytime behavior. During midnight, the inclusion of dust leads to larger upwelling longwave radiation fluxes over the African continent. The net downward longwave radiation over cloudless areas exhibits an increase both during noon and midnight with the inclusion of dust. The results show that the vertical structure of the dust layer governs the magnitude of the feedback on radiation. The activation of natural particles as CCN causes small changes in radiation fluxes and temperature. Precipitation is influenced more by the indirect rather than the direct and semidirect effects.
Abundances and implications of volatile‐bearing species from evolved gas analysis of the Rocknest aeolian deposit, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Archer Paul Douglas , Franz Heather B. , Sutter Brad , Arevalo Ricardo D. , Coll Patrice , Eigenbrode Jennifer L. , Glavin Daniel P. , Jones John J. , Leshin Laurie A. , Mahaffy Paul R. , McAdam Amy C. , McKay Christopher P. , Ming Douglas W. , Morris Richard V. , Navarro‐González Rafael , Niles Paul B. , Pavlov Alex , Squyres Steven W. , Stern Jennifer C. , Steele Andrew , Wray James J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity detected evolved gases during thermal analysis of soil samples from the Rocknest aeolian deposit in Gale Crater. Major species detected (in order of decreasing molar abundance) were H2O, SO2, CO2, and O2, all at the µmol level, with HCl, H2S, NH3, NO, and HCN present at the tens to hundreds of nmol level. We compute weight % numbers for the major gases evolved by assuming a likely source and calculate abundances between 0.5 and 3 wt.%. The evolution of these gases implies the presence of both oxidized (perchlorates) and reduced (sulfides or H‐bearing) species as well as minerals formed under alkaline (carbonates) and possibly acidic (sulfates) conditions. Possible source phases in the Rocknest material are hydrated amorphous material, minor clay minerals, and hydrated perchlorate salts (all potential H2O sources), carbonates (CO2), perchlorates (O2 and HCl), and potential N‐bearing materials (e.g., Martian nitrates, terrestrial or Martian nitrogenated organics, ammonium salts) that evolve NH3, NO, and/or HCN. We conclude that Rocknest materials are a physical mixture in chemical disequilibrium, consistent with aeolian mixing, and that although weathering is not extensive, it may be ongoing even under current Martian surface conditions.
Impact of Turkish ground‐based GPS‐PW data assimilation on regional forecast: 8–9 March 2011 heavy snow case
Authors: Tilev‐Tanriover Seyda , Kahraman Abdullah 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA ground‐based Global Positioning System (GPS) network which consists of 147 uniformly distributed stations has been implemented in Turkey in May 2009. Precipitable water (PW) data estimated using this network is available since October 2010. Three experiments for a specific heavy snow case have been conducted to assess the impact of assimilation of this new data on short range weather forecasts. Verifications with surface observations indicate some reduction in the biases of basic variables for whole domain, and improvement in precipitation forecasts. Upper air variables of all simulations are compared with radiosonde observations, and some improvement in dew point temperatures through troposphere is observed with cycling mode assimilation.
Prognostic significance of neuroepithelial transforming gene 1 in adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction
Authors: Lahiff C , Schilling C , Cathcart M-C , Mulligan N , Doran P , Muldoon C , Murray D , Pidgeon G P , Reynolds J V , MacMathuna P 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Neuroepithelial transforming gene 1 (NET1) mediates tumour invasion and metastasis in a number of cancers, including gastric adenocarcinoma. It is an indicator of poor prognosis in breast cancer and glioma. This study examined NET1 expression and its prognostic significance in patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction (AOG).

Methods
NET1 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray, constructed from biobanked tissue collected over a 10-year interval, and linked to a prospectively maintained clinical database.

Results
Using the Siewert classification for AOG, type I tumours expressed significantly higher levels of NET1, with lowest expression in type III and intermediate levels in type II (P = 0·001). In patients with AOG type III, NET1-positive patients were more likely to be female (P = 0·043), have advanced stage cancer (P = 0.035), had a higher number of transmural cancers (P = 0·006) and had a significantly higher median number of positive lymph nodes (P = 0·029). In this subgroup, NET1-positive patients had worse median overall (15 versus 23 months; P = 0·025) and disease-free (11 versus 36 per cent; P = 0·025) survival compared with NET1-negative patients.

Conclusion
Although existing data show differences in clinical and prognostic indices across AOG subtypes, there are no studies showing differences in tumour biology. These data suggest NET1, a known mediator of an aggressive tumour phenotype in a number of gastrointestinal cancers, is expressed differentially across AOG subtypes and may be of prognostic significance in the clinical management of this condition.
Type II endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair (Br J Surg 2013; 100: 1262–1270
Authors: Bastos Gonçalves F , Oliveira N F , Verhagen H J M 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Protein analysis using real‐time PCR instrumentation: Incorporation in an integrated, inquiry‐based project
Authors: Southard Jonathan N. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractInstrumentation for real‐time PCR is used primarily for amplification and quantitation of nucleic acids. The capability to measure fluorescence while controlling temperature in multiple samples can also be applied to the analysis of proteins. Conformational stability and changes in stability due to ligand binding are easily assessed. Protein structure studies possible with a real‐time PCR instrument address core topics in biochemistry and have valuable high‐throughput applications in the fields of drug discovery and protein engineering. Protein analysis using real‐time PCR instrumentation has been incorporated in an undergraduate laboratory project based on previously described projects. Students express, purify, and characterize a protein. Based on literature research and analysis using bioinformatics tools, they select a specific mutation to investigate. They then attempt to express, purify, and characterize their mutated protein. Thermal denaturation using a real‐time PCR instrument is the primary tool used to compare the wild‐type and mutated proteins. Alternative means for incorporation of protein analysis by real‐time PCR instrumentation into laboratory experiences and additional modes of analysis are also described. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(2):142–151, 2014
Teaching students to read the primary literature using pogil activities
Authors: Murray Tracey Arnold 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe ability to read, interpret, and evaluate articles in the primary literature are important skills that science majors will use in graduate school and professional life. Because of this, it is important that students are not only exposed to the primary literature in undergraduate education, but also taught how to read and interpret these articles. To achieve this objective, POGIL activities were designed to use the primary literature in a majors biochemistry sequence. Data show that students were able to learn content from the literature without separate activities or lecture. Students also reported an increase in comfort and confidence in approaching the literature as a result of the activities. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(2):165–173, 2014.
Optimal Symplectic Scheme and Generalized Discrete Convolutional Differentiator for Seismic Wave Modeling
Authors: Shao‐Lin LIU , Xiao‐Fan LI , Wen‐Shuai WANG , Ming‐Wen LU , Mei‐Gen ZHANG 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this paper, seismic wave equation is transformed into the Hamiltonian system, and a new symplectic numerical scheme is developed, which is called the optimal symplectic algorithm and generalized discrete convolutional differentiator (OSGCD). For temporal discretization, OSGCD introduces Lie operators to construct two‐stage and second‐order symplectic scheme and adopts the optimal symplectic scheme based on the minimum error principle. For the spatial discretization, OSGCD employs the generalized discrete convolution differentiator to approximate the spatial differential operators and uses derivative approximation to obtain stable operator coefficients. We obtain the stability condition for a 2D case. In numerical experiments, OSGCD is compared with different methods, showing advantages in both accuracy and efficiency. The OSGCD also has the ability for modeling long‐term seismic wave propagation and modeling seismic waves in heterogeneous media.
Objective‐Function Behavior in Acoustic Full‐Waveform Inversion
Authors: Liang‐Guo DONG , Ben‐Xin CHI , Ji‐Xia TAO , Yu‐Zhu LIU 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe main difficulty in seismic full‐waveform inversion is the strong nonlinearity of these waveforms, which is caused by the complexity of seismic wave propagation. Analysis of objective‐function behavior and its variations with the scale of parameter perturbations can help us to choose an appropriate inversion method and strategy. Using Jannane et al.'s method of analyzing objective‐function behavior, we have studied the relationship between the objective functions calculated from different seismic data subsets and the scale of their parameter perturbations, especially their nonlinearity. These analytical results should provide some theoretical guidance for full‐waveform inversion (FWI) to implement a multi‐step and multi‐scale inversion strategy.
Optical receiver front end for optically powered smart dust
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Zhou Yimin , Faulkner Grahame E. , O'Brien Dominic C. , Collins Steve 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe ability to create and direct beams of light means that optical communications potentially offer a large power advantage over RF communications for sensor networks. This paper presents an optically powered receiver front end for wireless optical communications. A complete optical receiver front end including a photodetector, clock and Manchester data recovery circuits has been fabricated using the UMC 180 nm CMOS process. A novel modulation scheme is described that has been devised so that this front end can recover the clock and Manchester data from an optical beam. Experimental results show that the total current consumption of the optical receiver front end is as low as 18.8 nA for a 0.5 V supply when a 1 kbps Manchester data and 8 kHz clock signal are successfully recovered. This means that photodiodes on the same substrate as the front end circuits extract enough power from the communications beam to allow the front end to work at distances of up to 10 m from the transmitter. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraspecific variation among clones of a naïve rare grass affects competition with a nonnative, invasive forb
Authors: Gibson David J. , Dewey Justin , Goossens Hélène , Dodd Misty M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIntraspecific variation can have a major impact on plant community composition yet there is little information available on the extent that such variation by an already established species affects interspecific interactions of an invading species. The current research examined the competitiveness of clones of a globally rare but locally common native grass, Calamagrostis porteri ssp. insperata to invasion by Alliaria petiolata, a non‐native invasive species. A greenhouse experiment was conducted twice over consecutive years in which 15 clones from three populations of Calamagrostis were paired with rosettes of Alliaria in pots containing native forest soil previously uninvaded by Alliaria. Both species showed a negative response to the presence of the other species, although Alliaria more so than Calamagrostis. Moreover, the effect of Calamagrostis depended upon population, and, to a lesser extent, the individual clone paired with Alliaria. Competitive effects were stronger in the first experiment compared with when the experiment was repeated in the second year. The influence of Calamagrostis clones on the outcome of the experiment varied among populations and among clones, but also between years. Clones from one of the three populations were more influential than clones from the other two populations. Only one of 15 clones, both from the same population, was influential in both experiments. This research supports a growing literature indicating that intraspecific variability among clones of a dominant species can affect interspecific interactions and that such variability in a native species can affect performance of an invading species.
An energy‐preserving spectrum access strategy in mobile cognitive radio networks
Authors: Xiao Yalong , Wang Jianxin , Zhang Shigeng , Cao Jiannong 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTCognitive radio techniques provide potential solutions to the spectrum crisis problem. In cognitive radio networks, a secondary user (SU) opportunistically accesses the authorised spectrum of a primary user (PU) to transmit its data. In order to avoid collisions with the PU, the SU needs to frequently detect the status of the channel before accessing the spectrum. However, frequent detection of channel status consumes a lot of energy, which is unaffordable for mobile SUs. In this paper, we investigate how to preserve the limited energy of SUs in mobile cognitive networks. Besides the sensing and transmitting actions used in traditional spectrum access policies, we introduce a new sleeping action with which mobile SUs can better exploit the trade‐off between their consumption and data transmission throughput. We define a utility function to characterise the effect of sleeping actions, in which correct sleeping actions are rewarded for preserving energy, and incorrect sleeping actions are penalised for wasting data transmission opportunities. We prove that, in the meaning of maximising the mean benefit, the utility function exhibits a threshold‐based structure. Based on this structure, we design a new spectrum access strategy with which mobile SUs can chose their optimal actions to achieve the best trade‐off between energy consumption and throughput. Simulation results show that our spectrum access strategy greatly reduces energy consumption of mobile SUs by up to 85% and, meanwhile, incurs nearly the same PU collision rate and throughput as in state‐of‐the‐art solutions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of intraoral ranulas with micromarsupialization: Clinical outcomes and safety from a phase II clinical trial
Authors: Woo Seung Hoon , Chi Jun Hyuk , Kim Bo Hae , Kwon Seong Keun 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundMicromarsupialization of an oral ranula has been introduced to clinical practice. However, the technical feasibility, indications, and safety of the procedure were not fully studied. In this study, we report the results of a prospective phase II clinical trial to evaluate the clinical outcomes.MethodsTwenty patients diagnosed with oral ranula were enrolled in this trial. The ranulas were confirmed by oral examination and CT scans. We implemented micromarsupialization on the patients after receiving their consent. We evaluated the clinical outcomes and complications related to this procedure for longer than a 12‐month period.ResultsAll patients showed resolution after the first micromarsupialization, after which 5 patients developed a recurrence that required revision micromarsupialization. Six months later, only 2 patients showed recurrence, requiring resection of the ranula and sublingual gland.ConclusionMicromarsupialization can be a very effective and safe approach as an initial treatment for intraoral ranula. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 197‐201, 2015
Prognostic model for distant metastasis in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma after concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Chen Chuangzhen , Chen Siqia , Le Quynh‐Thu , Chen Jianzhou , Chen Zhijian , Li Dongsheng , Zhou Mingzhen , Li Derui 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundA prognostic model should be established for distant metastasis in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).MethodsPatients with locally advanced NPC who received CCRT were divided into a construction set (230 patients) and a validating set (115 patients). The constructed index was derived on the former and then tested on the latter.ResultsThe prognostic score was defined as the number of adverse prognostic factors: age >45, N3 category, hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL and lactate dehydrogenase ≥240 U/L. The score predicted the 5‐year distant metastasis–free survival as follows: 0, 91%; 1, 74%; 2, 51%; and ≥3, 12%. In the validating set, the observed 5‐year distant metastasis‐free survival of these 4 groups with scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, or higher were 81%, 68%, 47%, and 15%, respectively.ConclusionThe established model might be useful for predicting the risk of distant metastasis in patients with locally advanced NPC who underwent CCRT and may identify the patients' need for intensified adjuvant chemotherapy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 209‐214, 2015
Chitosan selectively promotes adhesion of myoblasts over fibroblasts
Authors: Iyer Shama R. , Udpa Natasha , Gao Yingxin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTreatment of ventral hernias frequently makes use of synthetic and biological meshes, often resulting in scar tissue formation and incomplete muscle regeneration. Chitosan has been shown to promote a regenerative response than a fibrotic response. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of chitosan on myoblast and fibroblast adhesion and the underlying mechanisms. Primary myoblast cells, embryonic fibroblasts, and 1:1 coculture of both cell types were seeded on chitosan‐coated and uncoated tissue culture plates. The number of attached cells was measured at 5, 24, 48, and 72 h after seeding. At 5 h after seeding, expression and structural organization of actin, integrin β3, and integrin β1 were analyzed. With chitosan, primary fibroblasts had 2.7 times smaller F‐actin fraction, and more primary myoblasts with higher expression of integrin β3 were seen. Moreover, a higher ratio of myoblasts to fibroblasts was seen with chitosan, with a ratio higher than one at 48 and 72 h after seeding and greater than a twofold increase in ratio when compared with uncoated plates. A higher organization of actin and integrin β3 network around nucleus of myoblasts was observed with chitosan, whereas reorganization in actin and integrin β1 network was observed in fibroblasts. In conclusion, chitosan promotes myoblast adhesion with higher expression of integrin β3 and inhibits fibroblast adhesion with reorganization of actin and integrin β1 network. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1899–1906, 2015.
Alexithymia and Affect Intensity of Fine Artists
Authors: Botella Marion , Zenasni Franck , Lubart Todd 
Published: December 2013

AbstractResearch on creative artists has examined mainly their personality traits or cognitive abilities. However, it seems important to explore also their emotional traits to complete the profile. This study examines two emotional characteristics: alexithymia and affect intensity. Even if most research suggests that artists are less alexithymic and experience more intensively their emotions, Botella, M., Zenasni, F., and Lubart, T. (Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 5, 251, 2011) observed that art students were as alexithymic as psychology students and more alexithymic than a normative population. The aim of this study was to examine these issues with artists and non‐artists and to compare artists to art students. Results indicate that artists are less alexithymic and present higher affect intensity than non‐artists. Moreover, results show that art students present more difficulties processing their emotions than artists.