bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Asiaticoside, a trisaccaride triterpene induces biochemical and molecular variations in brain of mice with parkinsonism
Authors: Sampath Uvarajan , Janardhanam Vanisree Arambakkam 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease characterized by oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in the pars compacta of substantia nigra remains a challenge to manage with an added disadvantage of side effects of L-levo dopa, the standard drug used for therapy. Thus, an alternative approach of utilizing natural components would be beneficial in the management of the disease. The present study was aimed to investigate the potential role of asiaticoside (As), a trisaccaride triterpene against1 – methyl 4 – phenyl 1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity in experimental mice.

Methods
Mice were divided into 4 groups: Group I received vehicle saline, group II was treated with 20 mg/kg of body weight of MPTP (2 doses with 2 h intervals), group III received MPTP along with 50 mg/kg body weight of As for the 21 consecutive days starting from the day of MPTP intoxication. Group IV received 50 mg/kg body weight of asiaticoside for the same period serving as drug control. Animals were sacrificed at the end of experimental period and the striatum and midbrain samples were analyzed for enzyme assays, transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis. Immunofluorescent assay was performed to study the expression of GFAP to detect astrocyte, which are activated due to neuronal damage. Imunohistochemical studies were carried out to quantify the expression of Bax and Bcl2, the molecular signatures that would provide clues of the extent of neurodegeneration.

Results
The activities of enzymes were increased on As administration when compared with those of group II animals. Expressions of Bax and Bcl2 along with GFAP did show significant variations (p < 0.05) on MPTP treatment when compared to control animals and the changes were found to be reversed significantly (p < 0.05) after treatment with asiaticoside. TEM analysis also showed attenuated degenerative architecture on As administration. The mice which received As alone (drug control IV) did not show significant variation from that of the control mice.

Conclusion
The observations suggest that asiaticoside may be efficacious in protecting neurons from the oxidative damage caused by the insult of MPTP.
Cognitive–behavioural therapy with post-session d-cycloserine augmentation for paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder: pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mataix-Cols David , Turner Cynthia , Monzani Benedetta , Isomura Kayoko , Murphy Caroline , Krebs Georgina , Heyman Isobel 
Published: November 2013

SummaryA partial N-methyl-d-aspartate agonist, d-cycloserine, enhances fear extinction when given before or shortly after exposure to feared stimuli in animals. In this pilot double-blind placebo-controlled trial (trial number: ISRCTN70977225), 27 youth with obsessive–compulsive disorder were randomised to either 50mg d-cycloserine or placebo administered immediately after each of ten cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) sessions, primarily consisting of exposure and ritual prevention. Both groups improved significantly and maintained their gains at 1-year follow-up, with no significant advantage of d-cycloserine over placebo at any time point. The effects of CBT may not be augmented or accelerated when d-cycloserine is administered after sessions.
Masters of change: seasonal plasticity in the prey-capture behavior of the Alpine newtIchthyosaura alpestris(Salamandridae)
Authors: Heiss Egon , Aerts Peter , Van Wassenbergh Sam 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYTransitions between aquatic and terrestrial environments are significant steps in vertebrate evolution. These transitions require major changes in many biological functions, including food uptake and transport. The Alpine newt, Ichthyosaura alpestris, is known to show a ‘multiphasic lifestyle’ where the adult shifts from a terrestrial to an aquatic lifestyle and then back to a terrestrial lifestyle every year as a result of its breeding activity. These transitions correspond to dramatic changes in morphology, physiology and behavior, resulting in distinct aquatic and terrestrial morphotypes. We hypothesized that these shifts go along with changes in prey-capture mechanics to maintain a sufficiently high performance in both environments. We analyzed the prey-capture kinematics in the four possible modes: aquatic strikes in the aquatic phase, terrestrial strikes in the terrestrial phase, aquatic strikes in the terrestrial phase and terrestrial strikes in the aquatic phase. A multivariate comparison detected significant kinematic differences between the phase-specific feeding modes. In both the aquatic and the terrestrial phase, I. alpestris uses a suction-feeding mechanism for capturing prey in water. By contrast, I. alpestris uses a jaw-based grasping mechanism with a kinematic profile similar to the aquatic modes for terrestrial prey-capture in its aquatic phase but an elaborate lingual-based prehension mechanism to capture terrestrial prey in the terrestrial phase. These results exhibit a so-far unknown amount of behavioral plasticity in prey-capture behavior that is tuned to the seasonal demands of performance, and exemplify functional mechanisms behind aquatic–terrestrial transitions in vertebrates.
Unusual Aluminum Hydride-mediated Reduction of N-(γ- or δ-Oxoacyl)oxazolidinone
Authors: Yamaguchi Jun-ichi , Asano Mayuko , Udono Youko 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Reduction of N-(γ-oxoacyl)oxazolidinone with a borohydride reagent, such as NaBH4 or LiBEt3H, resulted in formation of the corresponding lactone or lactol. In contrast, when an aluminum hydride reagent was used instead of a borohydride reagent, reduction of N-(γ- or δ-oxoacyl)oxazolidinone proceeded unexpectedly to give not the corresponding lactone or lactol, but a tetrahydrofuran or tetrahydropyran derivative, respectively, containing an oxazolidino group.
Solvent-mediated Tuning of the Regioselectivity of Intramolecular Diaryl Ether Formation: Total Synthesis of (+)-Aspercyclide C
Authors: Yoshino Tatsuya , Yamashita Shuji , Sato Itaru , Hayashi Yujiro , Hirama Masahiro 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A concise total synthesis of the 11-membered cyclic (+)-aspercyclide C is reported. Key to success was the fine-tuning of the reaction media to realize an oxidative, macrocyclic diaryl C–O bond formation in a regioselective and direct fashion.
Język a tożsamość etniczna
Authors: Laskowski Roman 
Published: November 2013

Language and ethnic identity. Ethnic identity of young Polish diaspora in a multicultural society
More than two million people emigrated from Poland after the accession to the European Union. Most of them were young, and future parents. In the coming years, Polish diaspora will grow by several thousand children born outside of their parents’ homeland. These children will, and already do, face the necessity of reconciling the awareness of their Polish roots with the need to find their place inside the community of the country they live in. Language is the key both to their inherited culture, and to the culture of the host community. Polish, and the language of the dominant society. A generation of diaspora is now growing, that was immersed from birth in two languages and two cultures. It is the task of the parents, of the teachers, and of the Polish state, to make bilingualism the wealth of these children, and of both of their homelands. Well-planned work with parents is necessary, but most of all, an accurate identification of the mechanisms of linguistic interference in the conditions of life in two languages should be thoroughly investigated.
O zmienności signifiant wyrażeń metatekstowych
Authors: Kisiel Anna 
Published: November 2013

On the variability of signifiant and metatextual expressions. The case of niemniej ‘nonetheless’
The paper discusses the individuality of the phrases niemniej, niemniej jednak, niemniej przeto, and tym niemniej (‘nonetheless’ &c.). It is suggested that niemniej jednak and niemniej przeto are compounds, because the elements niemniej, jednak, and przeto represent in them different groups of inference particles. The phrases niemniej and tym niemniej are considered to be semantically close but, against the lexicographic tradition, not identical. The range of use of the latter is significantly narrower. It is not found, for example, in the so-called confirmative contexts where niemniej occurs naturally; see *Ukazuje on światu Jezusa już nie jako fikcyjną postać z mitu ani jako abstrakcyjną formułę tradycyjnego katolicyzmu, ale jako genialnego człowieka, tym niemniej tylko człowieka ‘He shows Jesus to the world, not as a fictional, mythical character or as the abstract formula of traditional Catholicism, but as a brilliant man, yet only a man’.
Wpływ odmiany kościelnej języka na polszczyznę ogólną na przykładzie ubogacać (się) – ubogacić (się)
Authors: Waniakowa Jadwiga 
Published: November 2013

The influence of ecclesiastical language on standard Polish
The article discusses the influence of ecclesiastical language on standard Polish. It first presents the the faults of this variety, and then some examples of the ecclesiastical vocabulary. The author examines in particular one verb that is typical of contemporary ecclesiastical language, ubogacać (się) / ubogacić (się) ‘to enrich (oneself)’. She analyses its historical and present day meaning, its history and the contexts in which it is used, and observes that it has spread out onto standard Polish.
Diazoxide treatment for persistent hypoglycemia in a small for gestational age preterm infant with adequate low insulin levels
Authors: Arnon Shmuel , Lagerev Elena , Herzlich Jacky , Eliakim Alon , Litmanovitz Ita 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Small for gestational age (SGA) newborn infants can have prolonged hypoglycemia due to diminished glycogen stores, diminished alternative energy substrates, or hyperinsulinism. Recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia are strongly correlated with persistent neuro-developmental and physical growth deficits. Treatment includes glucose supplements or medications affecting insulin secretion, gluconeogenesis, or glycogenolysis. Diazoxide suppresses insulin secretion by acting as an ATP-sensitive potassium channel agonist to prevent membrane depolarization, calcium influx, and insulin secretion. Therefore, it is used in persistent hypoglycemia of neonates associated with hyperinsulinism. We report a case of a female SGA preterm infant who had persistent hypoglycemia (>2 weeks of age) with low adequate serum insulin levels and no other clear biochemical evidence of hyperinsulinism or other abnormalities. As a result of an inability to control her glucose levels without high intravenous levels of glucose and continuous glucagon infusion, she was treated successfully with diazoxide, which was discontinued when the infant reached 5 kg. No side effects were noted. In rare cases of persistent hypoglycemia, and a need for high glucose infusion rate but with adequate low insulin levels even without biochemical evidence supportive of hyperinsulinism, diazoxide treatment can be offered with close monitoring of glucose levels and possible side effects. The exact mechanism is not clear and deserves further evaluation.
Tungstic acid-catalyzed synthesis of 3,3-bis (1H-indol-3-yl)indolin-2-one derivatives
Authors: Patel Gautam M. , Deota Pradeep T. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Tungstic acid was used as a low-cost and readily available heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 3,3-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)indolin-2-one derivatives from indoles. The reaction parameters, including catalyst quantity, solvents, temperature, and time were optimized. The present method has several advantages, such as mild conditions, simple work-up, elimination of anhydrous condition, easy recovery of catalyst and its recyclability as compared with existing methods.
Development and biocompatibility tests of electrospun poly-l-lactide nanofibrous membranes incorporating oleic acid-coated Fe3O4
Authors: Wang Hsin-Ta , Chan Ya-Hui , Feng Sheng-Wei , Lo Yi-June , Teng Nai-Chia , Huang Haw-Ming 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an electrospun poly-l-lactide (PLLA) nanofibrous membrane incorporating oleic acid-coated Fe3O4. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared using the chemical co-precipitation method, and particle diameters were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. After mixing the oleic acid-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles and PLLA, a membrane with nanofibers was manufactured using the electrospinning technique. Our results showed that Fe3O4 nanoparticle diameters fabricated in this study were concentrated at 2–8 nm (84.2%). After magnetizing, there exists an approximately linear relationship between magnetic flux density and membrane thickness (R2=0.7, p<0.05). NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells cultured on the magnetized Fe3O4/PLLA nanomembranes exhibited a more spreading and attached phenotype. These results can serve as a reference for future advanced studies.
Single-molecule manipulation and detection platform for studying cancer cell chemotaxis
Authors: Chen May-Show , Peng Pei-Wen , Liou Bing-Chun , Kuo Hsiao-Chen , Ou Keng-Liang , Yang Tzu-Sen 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Chemotaxis of cancer cells is an essential component of tumor dissemination. The chemotactic response is comprised of three separate steps, including chemosensing, polarization and locomotion. We present an innovative approach on chemotaxis assay to address cancer cell chemotaxis. We applied a high-resolution optical tweezers system to manipulate epidermal growth factor (EGF)-coated beads positioned close to the filopodia, to locally stimulate HT29 cells expressing the EGF receptor (EGFR). We demonstrated that membrane protrusion at the leading edge induced by an EGF chemotaxis occurred at about 30∼40 s. In addition, the present observation revealed that the locomotion of HT29 cell depended on whether the HT29 cell sensed the presence of the chemoattractant EGF. We anticipate the proposed approach based on optical tweezers, together with the platform at single-cell level, could be applied to build a quick screening method for detection and treatment evaluation of many types of cancer during chemotaxis.
Impact of Inertial Training on Strength and Power Performance in Young Active Men
Authors: Naczk Mariusz , Naczk Alicja , Brzenczek-Owczarzak Wioletta , Arlet Jarosław , Adach Zdzisław 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Naczk, M, Naczk, A, Brzenczek-Owczarzak, W, Arlet, J, and Adach, Z. Impact of inertial training on strength and power performance in young active men. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2107–2113, 2016—This study evaluated how 5 weeks of inertial training using 2 different loads influenced strength and power performance. Fifty-eight male physical education students were randomly divided into training and control groups. The 2 training groups (T0 and T10) performed inertial training 3 times per week for 5 weeks using the new Inertial Training and Measurement System (ITMS). Each training session included 3 exercise sets involving the knee extensors muscles. The T0 group used only the mass of the ITMS flywheel (19.4 kg), whereas the T10 group had an additional 10 kg on the flywheel. Before and after training, we evaluated maximum force and power of knee extensors muscles, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), maximal power output achieved during ergometer test PVT, electromyography of quadriceps, and muscle mass. In T0 and T10, respectively, ITMS training induced significant increases in muscle force (25.2 and 23.3%), muscle power (33.2 and 27%), CMJ (3.8 and 6.7%), SJ (2.2 and 6.1%), PVT (8 and 7.4%), and muscle mass (9.8 and 15%). The changes did not significantly differ between T0 and T10. A 16% significant increase of electromyography amplitude (quadriceps muscle) was noted only in T0. The novel ITMS training method is effective for improving muscular strength and power. Improvements in PVT, CMJ, and SJ indicate that the increased strength and power elicited by ITMS training can translate to improvements in sport performance. The ITMS training can also be useful for building muscle mass.
Surgical Management of Peri‐Implantitis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Chan Hsun‐Liang , Lin Guo‐Hao , Suarez Fernando , MacEachern Mark , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: November 2013

Background: This systematic review was requested by the Task Force of the American Academy of Periodontology as a follow‐up study of the 2013 report, with an aim to investigate the efficacy of different surgical approaches to treat peri‐implantitis.Methods: A search of four electronic databases from January 1990 to May 2013 was performed. Studies included were human clinical trials published in English that applied surgeries for treating peri‐implantitis. Parameters evaluated included probing depth (PD) reduction, clinical attachment level gain, bleeding on probing (BOP) reduction, radiographic bone fill (RBF), and mucosal recession. The weighted mean (WM) and the 95% confidence interval of the studied parameters were estimated with the random‐effect model.Results: A total of 1,306 studies were initially identified, after reviewing titles, abstracts, and full texts, and 21 articles, 12 of which were case series, were finally included. Four treatment groups were identified: 1) access flap and debridement; 2) surgical resection; 3) application of bone grafting materials; and 4) guided bone regeneration. The mean initial PD ranged from 4.8 to 8.8 mm, with initial BOP ranging from 19.7% to 100%. Short‐term follow‐ups (3 to 63 months) revealed that the available surgical procedures yielded a WM PD reduction of 2.04 (group 2) to 3.16 mm (group 4), or 33.4% to 48.2% of the initial PD. The WM RBF was 2.1 mm for groups 3 and 4.Conclusions: Within the limitation of this systematic review, the application of grafting materials and barrier membranes resulted in greater PD reduction and RBF, but there is a lack of high‐quality comparative studies to support this statement. The results might be used to project treatment outcomes after surgical management of peri‐implantitis.
Colic in equine neonates: 137 cases (2000–2010)
Authors: MacKinnon Melissa C. , Southwood Louise L. , Burke Megan J. , Palmer Jonathan E. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Objective—To document causes of colic in equine neonates, evaluate clinical features of neonates managed medically versus surgically, determine short- and long-term survival rates for neonates with specific medical and surgical lesions, and assess ability of patients to achieve intended use.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—137 client-owned equine neonates (< 30 days old) with a history of colic or signs of colic within 1 hour after hospital admission examined between 2000 and 2010.
Procedures—Signalment, history, results of physical examination, laboratory data, ancillary diagnostic tests, details of treatment, primary diagnosis, concurrent diseases and short-term survival rate were obtained from the medical records. Long-term follow-up information was obtained through phone survey.
Results—137 neonates with colic were included. The majority (122 [89%]) of neonates were managed medically. The 3 most common diagnoses associated with colic were enterocolitis (37 [27%]), meconium-associated colic (27 [20%]), and transient medical colic (26 [19%]). The most common reason for surgery was small intestinal strangulating obstruction, and these neonates were more likely to have severe, continuous pain and were less responsive to analgesics. Concurrent diseases were common (87 [64%]) but did not significantly impact survival rate. Short-term survival rate was not significantly different between medically (75%) and surgically (73%) managed neonates. Long-term survival rate was excellent (66/71 [93%]) for horses that survived to hospital discharge. Most neonates surviving to maturity were used as intended (49/59 [83%]).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Most neonates examined for signs of colic can be managed medically. Short-term survival rate in medically and surgically treated neonates was good. Long-term survival rate of foals discharged from the hospital was excellent, with most achieving intended use.
Effectiveness of the Alfredson Protocol Compared With a Lower Repetition-Volume Protocol for Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Stevens Marc , Tan Chee-Wee 
Published: November 2013

Study Design Randomized clinical trial. Objectives To compare the effectiveness of the Alfredson eccentric heel-drop protocol with a “do-as-tolerated” protocol for nonathletic individuals with midportion Achilles tendinopathy. Background The Alfredson protocol recommends the completion of 180 eccentric heel drops a day. However, completing this large number of repetitions is time consuming and potentially uncomfortable. There is a need to investigate varying exercise dosages that minimize the discomfort yet retain the clinical benefits. Methods Twenty-eight individuals from outpatient physiotherapy departments were randomized to either the standard (n = 15) or the do-as-tolerated (n = 13) 6-week intervention protocol. Apart from repetition volume, all other aspects of management were standardized between groups. Tendinopathy clinical severity was assessed with the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). Both were assessed at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks. Treatment satisfaction was assessed at week 6. Adverse effects were also monitored. Results There was a statistically significant within-group improvement in VISA-A score for both groups (standard, P = .03; do as tolerated, P<.001) and VAS pain for the do-as-tolerated group (P = .001) at week 6, based on the intention-to-treat analysis. There was a statistically significant between-group difference in VISA-A scores at week 3, based on both the intention-to-treat (P = .004) and per-protocol analyses (P = .007), partly due to a within-group deterioration at week 3 in the standard group. There were no statistically significant between-group differences for VISA-A and VAS pain scores at week 6, the completion of the intervention. There was no significant association between satisfaction and treatment groups at week 6. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusion Performing a 6-week do-as-tolerated program of eccentric heel-drop exercises, compared to the recommended 180 repetitions per day, did not lead to lesser improvement for individuals with midportion Achilles tendinopathy, based on VISA-A and VAS scores. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(2):59–67. Epub 21 November 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4720
Des dispositifs pour les élèves perturbateurs : les collèges à l'heure de la sous-traitance ?
Authors: Moignard Benjamin , Rubi Stéphanie 
Published: November 2013

Cet article relève d’une étude en cours auprès de 85 collèges, répartis sur 31 villes de 3 départements d’Île-de-France, impliqués dans 37 dispositifs externalisés des établissements, visant la prise en charge des collégiens exclus temporairement. Ces dispositifs interrogent les nouvelles formes de gestion éducative des élèves « perturbateurs » par l’école et les collectivités territoriales. Nous présenterons les modalités de mise en œuvre de ces dispositifs en interrogeant les contextes de leur développement, les formes de partenariat engagées, les processus de désignation des élèves concernés. Nous verrons ainsi comment ces dispositifs conduisent à des formes de sous-traitance de la mission éducative des établissements scolaires et posent le risque du développement d’espaces supplétifs tentant de pallier les difficultés de l’école.