bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zeta functions, heat kernels, and spectral asymptotics on degenerating families of discrete tori
Authors: Chinta Gautam , Jorgenson Jay , Karlsson Anders 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBy a discrete torus we mean the Cayley graph associated to a finite product of finite cycle groups with the generating set given by choosing a generator for each cyclic factor. In this article we examine the spectral theory of the combinatorial Laplacian for sequences of discrete tori when the orders of the cyclic factors tend to infinity at comparable rates. First, we show that the sequence of heat kernels corresponding to the degenerating family converges, after rescaling, to the heat kernel on an associated real torus. We then establish an asymptotic expansion, in the degeneration parameter, of the determinant of the combinatorial Laplacian. The zeta-regularized determinant of the Laplacian of the limiting real torus appears as the constant term in this expansion. On the other hand, using a classical theorem by Kirchhoff, the determinant of the combinatorial Laplacian of a finite graph divided by the number of vertices equals the number of spanning trees, called the complexity, of the graph. As a result, we establish a precise connection between the complexity of the Cayley graphs of finite abelian groups and heights of real tori. It is also known that spectral determinants on discrete tori can be expressed using trigonometric functions and that spectral determinants on real tori can be expressed using modular forms on general linear groups. Another interpretation of our analysis is thus to establish a link between limiting values of certain products of trigonometric functions and modular forms. The heat kernel analysis which we employ uses a careful study of I-Bessel functions. Our methods extend to prove the asymptotic behavior of other spectral invariants through degeneration, such as special values of spectral zeta functions and Epstein-Hurwitz–type zeta functions.
Existence of extremal Beltrami coefficients with nonconstant modulus
Authors: Yao Guowu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSuppose that [μ]T(Δ) is a point of the universal Teichmüller space T(Δ). In 1998, Božin, Lakic, Marković, and Mateljević showed that there exists μ such that μ is uniquely extremal in [μ]T(Δ) and has a nonconstant modulus. It is a natural problem whether there is always an extremal Beltrami coefficient of constant modulus in [μ]T(Δ) if [μ]T(Δ) admits infinitely many extremal Beltrami coefficients; the purpose of this paper is to show that the answer is negative. An infinitesimal version is also obtained. Extremal sets of extremal Beltrami coefficients are considered, and an open problem is proposed. The key tool of our argument is Reich’s construction theorem.
Buchsbaumness in local rings possessing constant first Hilbert coefficients of parameters
Authors: Goto Shiro , Ozeki Kazuho 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLet (A,m) be a Noetherian local ring with d = dim A ≥ 2. Then, if A is a Buchsbaum ring, the first Hilbert coefficients of A for parameter ideals Q are constant and equal to where hi(A) denotes the length of the ith local cohomology module of A with respect to the maximal ideal m. This paper studies the question of whether the converse of the assertion holds true, and proves that A is a Buchsbaum ring if A is unmixed and the values are constant, which are independent of the choice of parameter ideals Q in A. Hence, a conjecture raised by [GhGHOPV] is settled affirmatively.
Topological uniqueness of negatively curved surfaces
Authors: Chan Hsungrow 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper we consider complete, noncompact, negatively curved surfaces that are twice continuously differentiably embedded in Euclidean three-space, showing that if such surfaces have square integrable second fundamental form, then their topology must, by the index method, be an annulus. We then show how this relates to some minimal surface theorems and has a corollary on minimal surfaces with finite total curvature. In addition, we discuss, by the index method, the relation between the topology and asymptotic curves. Finally, we apply the results yielded to the problem of isometrical immersions into Euclidean three-space of black hole models.
Vegfa regulates perichondrial vascularity and osteoblast differentiation in bone development
Authors: Duan Xuchen , Murata Yurie , Liu Yanqiu , Nicolae Claudia , Olsen Bjorn R. , Berendsen Agnes D. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTVascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) has important roles in endochondral bone formation. Osteoblast precursors, endothelial cells and osteoclasts migrate from perichondrium into primary ossification centers of cartilage templates of future bones in response to Vegfa secreted by (pre)hypertrophic chondrocytes. Perichondrial osteolineage cells also produce Vegfa, but its function is not well understood. By deleting Vegfa in osteolineage cells in vivo, we demonstrate that progenitor-derived Vegfa is required for blood vessel recruitment in perichondrium and the differentiation of osteoblast precursors in mice. Conditional deletion of Vegfa receptors indicates that Vegfa-dependent effects on osteoblast differentiation are mediated by Vegf receptor 2 (Vegfr2). In addition, Vegfa/Vegfr2 signaling stimulates the expression and activity of Indian hedgehog, increases the expression of β-catenin and inhibits Notch2. Our findings identify Vegfa as a regulator of perichondrial vascularity and osteoblast differentiation at early stages of bone development.
Compensatory branching morphogenesis of stalk cells in the Drosophila trachea
Authors: Francis Deanne , Ghabrial Amin S. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Tubes are essential for nutrient transport and gas exchange in multicellular eukaryotes, but how connections between different tube types are maintained over time is unknown. In the Drosophila tracheal system, mutations in oak gall (okg) and conjoined (cnj) confer identical defects, including late onset blockage near the terminal cell-stalk cell junction and the ectopic extension of autocellular, seamed tubes into the terminal cell. We determined that okg and cnj encode the E and G subunits of the vacuolar ATPase (vATPase) and showed that both the V0 and V1 domains are required for terminal cell morphogenesis. Remarkably, the ectopic seamed tubes running along vATPase-deficient terminal cells belonged to the neighboring stalk cells. All vATPase-deficient tracheal cells had reduced apical domains and terminal cells displayed mislocalized apical proteins. Consistent with recent reports that the mTOR and vATPase pathways intersect, we found that mTOR pathway mutants phenocopied okg and cnj. Furthermore, terminal cells depleted for the apical determinants Par6 or aPKC had identical ectopic seamed tube defects. We thus identify a novel mechanism of compensatory branching in which stalk cells extend autocellular tubes into neighboring terminal cells with undersized apical domains. This compensatory branching also occurs in response to injury, with damaged terminal cells being rapidly invaded by their stalk cell neighbor.
Context-specific function of the LIM homeobox 1 transcription factor in head formation of the mouse embryo
Authors: Fossat Nicolas , Ip Chi Kin , Jones Vanessa J. , Studdert Joshua B. , Khoo Poh-Lynn , Lewis Samara L. , Power Melinda , Tourle Karin , Loebel David A. F. , Kwan Kin Ming , Behringer Richard R. , Tam Patrick P. L. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Lhx1 encodes a LIM homeobox transcription factor that is expressed in the primitive streak, mesoderm and anterior mesendoderm of the mouse embryo. Using a conditional Lhx1 flox mutation and three different Cre deleters, we demonstrated that LHX1 is required in the anterior mesendoderm, but not in the mesoderm, for formation of the head. LHX1 enables the morphogenetic movement of cells that accompanies the formation of the anterior mesendoderm, in part through regulation of Pcdh7 expression. LHX1 also regulates, in the anterior mesendoderm, the transcription of genes encoding negative regulators of WNT signalling, such as Dkk1, Hesx1, Cer1 and Gsc. Embryos carrying mutations in Pcdh7, generated using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and embryos without Lhx1 function specifically in the anterior mesendoderm displayed head defects that partially phenocopied the truncation defects of Lhx1-null mutants. Therefore, disruption of Lhx1-dependent movement of the anterior mesendoderm cells and failure to modulate WNT signalling both resulted in the truncation of head structures. Compound mutants of Lhx1, Dkk1 and Ctnnb1 show an enhanced head truncation phenotype, pointing to a functional link between LHX1 transcriptional activity and the regulation of WNT signalling. Collectively, these results provide comprehensive insight into the context-specific function of LHX1 in head formation: LHX1 enables the formation of the anterior mesendoderm that is instrumental for mediating the inductive interaction with the anterior neuroectoderm and LHX1 also regulates the expression of factors in the signalling cascade that modulate the level of WNT activity.
Inhibition of Daughterless by Extramacrochaetae mediates Notch-induced cell proliferation
Authors: Spratford Carrie M. , Kumar Justin P. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
During development, the rate of cell proliferation must be constantly monitored so that an individual tissue achieves its correct size. Mutations in genes that normally promote tissue growth often result in undersized, disorganized and non-functional organs. However, mutations in genes that encode growth inhibitors can trigger the onset of tumorigenesis and cancer. The developing eye of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has become a premier model system for studies that are focused on identifying the molecular mechanisms that underpin growth control. Here, we examine the mechanism by which the Notch pathway, a major contributor to growth, promotes cell proliferation in the developing eye. Current models propose that the Notch pathway directly influences cell proliferation by regulating growth-promoting genes such as four-jointed, cyclin D1 and E2f1. Here, we show that, in addition to these mechanisms, some Notch signaling is devoted to blocking the growth-suppressing activity of the bHLH DNA-binding protein Daughterless (Da). We demonstrate that Notch signaling activates the expression of extramacrochaetae (emc), which encodes a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor. Emc, in turn, then forms a biochemical complex with Da. As Emc lacks a basic DNA-binding domain, the Emc-Da heterodimer cannot bind to and regulate genomic targets. One effect of Da sequestration is to relieve the repression on growth. Here, we present data supporting our model that Notch-induced cell proliferation in the developing eye is mediated in part by the activity of Emc.
Audit of antenatal screening for syphilis and HIV in migrant and refugee women on the Thai-Myanmar border: a descriptive study
Authors: McGready Rose , Kang Joy , Watts Isabella , Tyrosvoutis Mary Ellen G , Torchinsky Miriam B. , Htut Aung Myo , Tun Nay Win , Keereecharoen Lily , Wangsing Chirapat , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Nosten François H. 
Published: May 2015

Objective: The antenatal prevalence of syphilis and HIV/AIDS in migrants and refugees is poorly documented. The aim of this study was to audit the first year of routine syphilis screening in the same population and reassess the trends in HIV rates.Methods: From August 2012 to July 2013, 3600 pregnant women were screened for HIV (ELISA) and syphilis (VDRL with TPHA confirmation) at clinics along the Thai-Myanmar border.Results: Seroprevalence for HIV 0.47% (95% CI 0.30-0.76) (17/3,599), and syphilis 0.39% (95% CI 0.23-0.65) (14/3,592), were low. Syphilis was significantly lower in refugees (0.07% 95% CI 0.01-0.38) (1/1,469), than in migrants (0.61% 95% CI 0.36-1.04) (13/2,123). The three active (VDRL≥1:8 and TPHA reactive) syphilis cases with VDRL titres of 1:32 were easy to counsel and treat. Women with low VDRL titres (>75% were < 1:8) and TPHA reactive results, in the absence of symptoms and both the woman and her husband having only one sexual partner in their lifetime, and the inability to determine the true cause of the positive results presented ethical difficulties for counsellors.Conclusion: As HIV and syphilis testing becomes available in more and more settings, the potential impact of false positive results should be considered, especially in populations with low prevalence for these diseases. This uncertainty must be considered in order to counsel patients and partners accurately and safely about the results of these tests, without exposing women to increased risk for abuse or abandonment. Our findings highlight the complexities of counselling patients about these tests and the global need for more conclusive syphilis testing strategies.
Formation Level Assessment of Students� Professional Competence Using the Weighted Ratings Method
Authors: �������  , Miroshin Dmitriy 
Published: May 2015

The article deals with the evaluation of the level of formation of professional competences of students within the technical disciplines. Proposed by
description competency for descriptors: to know, be able, to master skills and the method of weighted estimates for ascertaining the level of formation
of professional students� competence.
It also offers and describes the levels of development of professional competences and shows the Foundation of assessment tools. Describes step by step
methodology for applying the method of weighted estimates for estimating the level of formation of professional competence of University students
during studying technical disciplines and provides forms to describe the results of the evaluation in accordance with the developed descriptors.
It represents the experience of applying the method of weighted estimates of the costs of the level of formation of professional competence of students
in studying of discipline �Mechanical equipment and tools of automatisation�.
It contains the conclusion about the effectiveness and objectivity of the evaluation of the characteristics of formation of professional competence of
students, obtained by applying the method of weighted estimates.
Monitoring Educational Process Quality at a Medical Higher Educational Institution
Authors: ������  , Shikhova Elena , �������  , Noskova Marina , �������  , Andrega Dmitriy 
Published: May 2015

Medical education and training of a future doctor or a medical officer are strongly influenced by changes taking place in society. The reform process
aimed at forming new approaches to teaching methods, monitoring, evaluation of educational activities and the development of corrective actions.
Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education (FSES of HPE) requires the implementation of competence-based approach in the
training of future health service expert that requires regular monitoring of the learning process.
In higher medical education monitoring of the learning process has a significant role. Monitoring of the education quality includes the complexity of
actions: organization, data collection, processing and information on results of the activities in the educational process to ensure continuous monitoring
of the condition and forecasting its development.
The analysis results of the satisfaction with the quality of the educational process of the department of psychology and pedagogy within the quality
management system in medical university are presented, the concept of &#34;quality&#34;, &#34;satisfaction with the quality&#34;, &#34;customer satisfaction&#34;, &#34;pedagogical
monitoring&#34; is revealed, psychological and pedagogical conditions of educational activities affecting the education quality are described.
Implementation of Interdisciplinary Relations in the Educational Process of Students with Disabilities
Authors: ����������  , Panteleeva Larisa , ��������  , Zhigoreva Marina , ����������  , Kuzminova Svetlana 
Published: May 2015

�his article describes an interdisciplinary approach in the system of psychological and pedagogical support of children with limited possibilities of
health. It determines the directions for psychological and pedagogical assistance to children with disabilities. The article also presents the possibility of
implementing interdisciplinary relations between different scientific branches in special pedagogy, which complement and extend the areas of psychopedagogical
assistance to persons with disabilities. It �onsiders in details the theoretically and methodologically grounded types of interdisciplinary
relationships in the context which reveals the mechanism of a multidisciplinary approach involving the integration of pedagogical, psychological, medical
and social directions. It presents an algorithm to create an integrated content outline of remedial work and designing educational route for handicapped
students.
Conceptual View to the Nature of Planning of Younger School Students� Extracurricular Activity in Conditions of the Mastering of Federal State Educational Standard of Primary Education
Authors: �������  , Ivanova Irina 
Published: May 2015

Due to the modernization of education system, one of the most important task of educational organizations is to assist in the process of human selfactualization
and self-development. According to the Federal state brand-new educational standard , to the �Law on Education in Russia�, and to the
national educational initiative �Our new school�, the emphasis in educational practice is gradually shifts towards support for the formation of the
personality of the individual, of his capacity for self-realization.
As one of the conditions that can provide self-development of students in modern-term educational practice supports extracurricular activities, which
today has a special role in the development and education of the younger generation. According to information on launch of FSES of primary education,
extracurricular activities should be understood as educational activities carried out in the forms of non-class-lesson, and aimed at achieving the
expected results of development of the basic educational program of primary education.
The article presents the author&#180;s vision of constructing models, that is to support self-development of students in extracurricular activities in the development
of the FSES of primary general education in rural schools. The model is based on the principles of flexibility, variability, individualization, creative
interaction of all participants of the educational process, and is to pay attention on individual characteristics of students and accept the regional features
of educational environment of rural schools. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the structural components of the model, the conditions of its realization in educational practice. The structural
model consists of three units: methodical, informational and psycho-pedagogical, their implementation relies are based on the adequate mechanisms
for psychological and pedagogical support of students (active basis of claims for recognition of motifs in the hierarchical subordination ,domination
of moral norms , the motive of self-acceptance and the desire for self-development, prevention and correction of negative psychological formations.
An important aspect of the model is to provide the author&#180;s technology-monitoring measurements of the results of its operations on each structural unit
(methodical, psychological and pedagogical, informational).
The proposed model of self-support of students in extracurricular activities in the development of the FSES of primary general education in rural schools,
can be widely used in the regional educational practice in the context of the organization of extracurricular activities of younger students.
Currently testing model is performed on the basis of rural schools of Yukhnovskiy area of the Kaluga region. The study is conducted with the financial
support of the Government of RHF and the Kaluga region, the project �14-16-40007 a (r).
To the Question of Modern Methods of Assessment Educational Outcomes of Students
Authors: ������  , Babkin A. 
Published: May 2015

This article describes one of the most important issues in pedagogy at the present time - the question of assessment of students. What should be the
evaluation in terms of educational paradigm shift, what role do the mark and the assessment play and what is the difference between them. The article
also touched upon the historical question of the appearance of &#34;the mark&#34; and &#34;lesson point&#34;. It describes the process of formative assessment, gives the
author&#180;s definition and identifies the basic tools of formative assessment. Portfolio and student record book are considered as the main elements of the
system of formative assessment. The article also mentions the main directions of assessing the achievement of the expected results of development of
the basic educational program, including assessment of metasubject results using standardized metasubject works.
Using Qualitative Methods to Create a Home Health Web Application User Interface
for Patients with Low Computer Proficiency
Authors: Baier Rosa R. , Cooper Emily , Wysocki Andrea , Gravenstein Stefan , Clark Melissa 
Published: May 2015

Introduction: Despite the investment in public reporting for a number of
healthcare settings, evidence indicates that consumers do not routinely use available
data to select providers. This suggests that existing reports do not adequately
incorporate recommendations for consumer-facing reports or web
applications.Methods: Healthcentric Advisors and Brown University undertook a
multi-phased approach to create a consumer-facing home health web application in Rhode
Island. This included reviewing the evidence base review to identify design
recommendations and then creating a paper prototype and wireframe. We performed
qualitative research to iteratively test our proposed user interface with two user
groups, home health consumers and hospital case managers, refining our design to create
the final web application.Results: To test our prototype, we conducted two focus groups,
with a total of 13 consumers, and 28 case manager interviews. Both user groups responded
favorably to the prototype, with the majority commenting that they felt this type of
tool would be useful. Case managers suggested revisions to ensure the application
conformed to laws requiring Medicare patients to have the freedom to choose among
providers and could be incorporated into hospital workflow. After incorporating changes
and creating the wireframe, we conducted usability testing interviews with 14 home
health consumers and six hospital case managers. We found that consumers needed
prompting to navigate through the wireframe; they demonstrated confusion through both
their words and body language. As a result, we modified the web application’s sequence,
navigation, and function to provide additional instructions and
prompts.Discussion: Although we designed our web application for low literacy and low
health literacy, using recommendations from the evidence base, we overestimated the
extent to which older adults were familiar with using computers. Some of our key
learnings and recommendations run counter to general web design principles, leading us
to believe that such guidelines need to be adapted for this user group. As web
applications proliferate, it is important to ensure those who are most vulnerable—who
have the least knowledge and the lowest literacy, health literacy, and computer
proficiency—can access, understand, and use them.Conclusions: In order for the
investment in public reporting to produce value, consumer-facing web applications need
to be designed to address end users’ unique strengths and limitations. Our findings may
help others to build consumer-facing tools or technology targeted to a predominantly
older population. We encourage others designing consumer-facing web technologies to
critically evaluate their assumptions about user interface design, particularly if they
are designing tools for older adults, and to test products with their end
users.