bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Rho/ROCKsignaling in the interaction of melanoma cells with the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Wilhelm Imola , Fazakas Csilla , Molnár Judit , Haskó János , Végh Attila G. , Cervenak László , Nagyőszi Péter , Nyúl‐Tóth Ádám , Farkas Attila E. , Bauer Hannelore , Guillemin Gilles J. , Bauer Hans‐Christian , Váró György , Krizbai István A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryWe have investigated the role of theRho/ROCKsignaling pathway in the interaction of metastatic melanoma cells with the brain endothelium.ROCKinhibition induced a shift of melanoma cells to the mesenchymal phenotype, increased the number of melanoma cells attached to the brain endothelium, and strengthened the adhesion force between melanoma and endothelial cells. Inhibition ofROCKraised the number of melanoma cells migrating through the brain endothelial monolayer and promoted the formation of parenchymal brain metastases in vivo. We have shown that inhibition of the Rho/ROCKpathway in melanoma, but not in brain endothelial cells, is responsible for this phenomenon. Our results indicate that the mesenchymal type of tumor cell movement is primordial in the transmigration of melanoma cells through the blood–brain barrier.
Levels of Interleukin‐18 and Endothelin‐1 in Children with Henoch‐Schönlein Purpura: A Study from Northern India
Authors: Mahajan Nitin , Kapoor Divya , Bisht Dinesh , Singh Surjit , Minz Ranjana W. , Dhawan Veena 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHenoch‐Schönlein purpura (HSP) is an acute systemic vasculitis with unknown etiology, although several studies have found HSP to be related to cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)‐1, and adhesion molecules. In the present study we determined the levels of cytokines such as IL‐18 and endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in children with HSP. Subjects were divided into three groups (group 1, 20 subjects with HSP; group 2, 10 subjects belonging to group 1 during their follow‐up 4 to 6 months later; and group 3, 16 controls who were healthy siblings of the subjects). IL‐18 and ET‐1 levels were determined using enzyme immunoassay and expressed as mean ± standard deviation. We observed higher IL‐18 levels in children with HSP (767.6 ± 145.1 pg/mL) than in controls (614.6 ± 66.54 pg/mL, p > 0.05), but IL‐18 levels were found to be significantly lower in subjects with HSP in remission (502.7 ± 60.81 pg/mL) than in those who were in an active phase (1,050 ± 244.5 pg/mL, p < 0.05, n = 10). ET‐1 levels were found to be significantly higher in subjects with HSP (1.93 ± 0.19 pg/mL) than in controls (1.10 ± 0.13 pg/mL, p < 0.05), although no significant difference was observed in ET‐1 levels between subjects in group 1 (1.88 ± 0.30 pg/mL) and group 2 (1.91 ± 0.120, p > 0.05, n = 10). A positive correlation was observed between IL‐18 and ET‐1 levels in subjects with HSP (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.5254, p < 0.01). These results suggest that levels of IL‐18 and ET‐1 are worth monitoring during the clinical course of the disease, but caution must be exercised in extrapolating data based on small study samples.
Increased levels of PD‐1 expression on CD8 T cells in patients post‐renal transplant irrespective of chronic high EBV viral load
Authors: Moran Julie , Dean Jonathan , De Oliveira Andre , O'Connell Marie , Riordan Michael , Connell Jeff , Awan Atif , Hall William W. , Hassan Jaythoon 
Published: October 2013

AbstractStudies have identified solid organ transplant recipients who remain asymptomatic despite maintaining CHL. Factors which determine the CHL state remain poorly understood but are likely to involve immunological control of the viral infection. We monitored expression of PD‐1, a marker of T‐cell exhaustion and viral persistence, on CD8 T cells in patients who resolved EBV infection as determined by undetectable EBV DNA (REI) and CHL patients. PD‐1 expression on CD8 T cells was increased in the first year post‐transplant irrespective of EBV outcome, and most CD8 T cells continued to express PD‐1 for up to three yr post‐transplant. Although all patient groups showed similar frequencies of EBV‐specific CD8+ T cells, PD‐1 expression on these cells increased in the post‐transplant groups compared with the pretransplant patients. Functional studies of EBV‐specific CD8+ T cells stimulated with BZLF or LMP2 peptide pools revealed monofunctional IFN‐γ responses. Our results indicate that PD‐1 expression on CD8 T cells post‐transplant may result from factors other than antigenic stimulation.
Multiple listing for pediatric heart transplantation in the USA: Analysis of OPTN registry data from 1995 through 2009
Authors: Feingold Brian , Park Seo Y. , Comer Diane M. , Webber Steven A. , Bryce Cindy L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMultiple listing is associated with shorter waitlist durations and increased likelihood of transplantation for renal candidates. Little is known about multiple listing in pediatric heart transplantation. We examined the prevalence and outcomes of multiple listing using OPTN data from 1995 through 2009. Characteristics and waitlist outcomes of propensity‐score‐matched single‐ and multiple‐listed patients were compared. Multiple listing occurred in 23 of 6290 listings (0.4%). Median days between listings was 35 (0–1015) and median duration of multiple listings was 32 days (3–363). Among multiple‐listed patients, there were trends toward less ECMO use (0% vs. 11%, p = 0.1) and more frequent requirement for a prospective cross‐match (17% vs. 8%, p = 0.08). Multiple‐listed patients more commonly had private insurance (78% vs. 56%; p = 0.03). Urgency status at listing was similar between groups (1/1A: 61% vs. 64%, 1B/2: 39 vs. 36%; p = 0.45) as were weight, age, diagnosis, ventilator/inotrope use, and median income (each p ≥ 0.17). There was a trend toward increased incidence of heart transplantation for multiple‐listed patients at three, six, and 24 months (50%, 65%, 80%) vs. single‐listed patients (40%, 54%, 64%; p = 0.11). Multiple listing for pediatric heart transplantation in the USA occurs infrequently and is more common in patients with private insurance.
Breastfeeding: A holistic Concept Analysis
Authors: Bomer‐Norton Christy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBreastfeeding is a critical public health intervention. Nurses play a vital role in promoting and supporting optimal breastfeeding practices in infants and young children. An analysis following the eight‐part Walker & Avant method provides clarity and context to the concept of breastfeeding. The antecedents of the concept of breastfeeding indicate nurse interventions to facilitate and the consequences provide key points for education related to the benefits of breastfeeding.
Amplified Production of Singlet Oxygen in Aqueous Solution Using Metal Enhancement Effects
Authors: Mooi Sara M. , Heyne Belinda 
Published: October 2013

AbstractStudies involving metal enhancement effects have gained popularity, and enhancement of fluorescence due to the close proximity of a dye molecule to a metal nanoparticle is well documented. Although enhancement of singlet oxygen production by metal has been reported, studies are relatively scarce and so far only stationary silver island films have been proven to be adequate to do so. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of core–shell nanoparticles on which a photosensitizer acting as source of singlet oxygen has been covalently attached to the nanoparticle surface. As a proof of concept, silver nanoparticles with a diameter around 68 nm were chosen as the metallic core, and were coated by a silica shell of about 22 nm in thickness. The silica shell plays a dual role as a spacer and a medium onto which the photosensitizer, rose bengal (RB), has been covalently attached. These novel core–shell nanoparticles allow for the amplification of singlet oxygen production by 3.8 times, which is similar to the amplification found for RB in proximity of silver island films.
Photophysics of Glycosylated Derivatives of a Chlorin, Isobacteriochlorin and Bacteriochlorin for Photodynamic Theragnostics: Discovery of a Two‐photon‐absorbing Photosensitizer
Authors: Aggarwal Amit , Thompson Sebastian , Singh Sunaina , Newton Brandon , Moore Akeem , Gao Ruomie , Gu Xinbin , Mukherjee Sushmita , Drain Charles Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe photophysical properties of a chlorin, isobacteriochlorin and bacteriochlorin built on a core tetrapentafluorophenylporphyrin (TPPF20) and the nonhydrolyzable para thioglycosylated conjugates of these chromophores are presented. The photophysical characterization of these compounds was done in three different solvents to correlate with different environments in cells and tissues. Compared with TPPF20 other dyes have greater absorption in the red region of the visible spectrum and greater fluorescence quantum yields. The excited state lifetimes are from 3 to 11 ns. The radiative and nonradiative rate constants for deactivation of the excited state were estimated from the fluorescence quantum yield and excited state lifetime. The data indicate that the bacteriochlorin has strong absorption bands near 730 nm and efficiently enters the triplet manifold. The isobacteriochlorin has a 40–70% fluorescence quantum yield depending on solvent, so it may be a good fluorescent tag. The isobacteriochlorins also display enhanced two‐photon absorption, thereby allowing the use of 860 nm light to excite the compound. While the two‐photon cross section of 25 GM units is not large, excitation of low chromophore concentrations can induce apoptosis. The glycosylated compounds accumulate in cancer cells and a head and neck squamous carcinoma xenograft tumor model in mice. These compounds are robust to photobleaching.
Photohemolysis Sensitized by the Furocoumarin Derivative Alloimperatorin and its Hydroperoxide Photooxidation Product
Authors: Kyagova Alla , Potapenko Alexander , Möller Marianne , Stopper Helga , Adam Waldemar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe dark and photosensitized effects of alloimperatorin methyl ether 1 (hereafter simply alloimperatorin) and its photooxygenation product alloimperatorin hydroperoxide 2 were investigated on human erythrocytes. The results reveal that the furocoumarin 1 photosensitizes efficiently the hemolysis of erythrocytes. The rate of photohemolysis increases on raising the temperature of the postirradiated incubation from 4°C to 37°C. Thermal activation of the photohemolysis and inhibition by 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐p‐cresol (BHT) suggest that the furocoumarin 1 photosensitizes lipid peroxidation, increasing permeability in the erythrocyte membrane. The hydroperoxide 2 induces dark and photosensitized hemolysis more efficiently than the furocoumarin 1. The rate of hemolysis induced by 2 increases with the incubation temperature and decreases in the presence of tert‐butanol and BHT. The hydroperoxide 2 photosensitizes the formation of lipid peroxidation products as shown by the reaction with thiobarbituric acid. This process is diminished by BHT. Our data imply that the photohemolysis sensitized by the furocoumarin 1 is caused by the in situ‐formed photooxygenation product 2. Such hydroperoxides are potent hemolytic agents in the dark and especially on photosensitization.
Smartphone‐Based Android app for Determining UVA Aerosol Optical Depth and Direct Solar Irradiances
Authors: Igoe Damien P. , Parisi Alfio , Carter Brad 
Published: October 2013

This research describes the development and evaluation of the accuracy and precision of an Android app specifically designed, written and installed on a smartphone for detecting and quantifying incident solar UVA radiation and subsequently, aerosol optical depth at 340 and 380 nm. Earlier studies demonstrated that a smartphone image sensor can detect UVA radiation and the responsivity can be calibrated to measured direct solar irradiance. This current research provides the data collection, calibration, processing, calculations and display all on a smartphone. A very strong coefficient of determination of 0.98 was achieved when the digital response was recalibrated and compared to the Microtops sun photometer direct UVA irradiance observations. The mean percentage discrepancy for derived direct solar irradiance was only 4% and 6% for observations at 380 and 340 nm, respectively, lessening with decreasing solar zenith angle. An 8% mean percent difference discrepancy was observed when comparing aerosol optical depth, also decreasing as solar zenith angle decreases. The results indicate that a specifically designed Android app linking and using a smartphone image sensor, calendar and clock, with additional external narrow bandpass and neutral density filters can be used as a field sensor to evaluate both direct solar UVA irradiance and low aerosol optical depths for areas with low aerosol loads.
Differences in differential gene expression between young and mature Arabidopsis C58 tumours
Authors: Xiao W.‐M. , Zhao M.‐C. , Zou M. , Tan Y.‐D. , Zhang X.‐G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTumorigenesis of plants triggered by Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been investigated for over a century, but a global study on changes in gene expression in plant tumours during growth and development has received little attention so far due to technical difficulties. Recently a great advance in ‘omic’ technologies, e.g. microarray, proteome and transcriptome analyses, has allowed differential expression profiling of genes for metabolic regulation during plant tumour growth and development. Deeken et al.(The Plant Cell Online, 18, 3617) and Lee C.‐W. et al.(The Plant Cell Online, 21, 2948) used a fold change approach to profile genes differentially expressed (DE) between Arabidopsis inflorescence stalks infected with Agrobacterium strains C58 (carrying T‐DNA) or GV3101 (without T‐DNA) and control stalks at 3 hours, 6 days and 35 days after inoculation. We utilised ranking analysis of microarray data, a modified t‐test approach, to further analyse these microarray data and compared DE gene functioning in photosynthesis, energy, nucleotide, RNA, DNA, protein and lipid metabolism, biological defence, cell wall and signalling pathways in young (6‐day‐old) and mature (35‐day‐old) tumours. There were large differences in differential expression of genes for these basic metabolic pathways between young and mature tumours. In young tumours, more genes were up‐regulated in most metabolic functional categories than down‐regulated, whereas in mature tumours, genes involved in basic and major metabolic pathways were more down‐regulated than up‐regulated, strongly indicating that relative to the control stalk, many metabolic pathways were enhance in young tumours but decayed or tended to be decayed in mature tumours.
Secondary pollen presentation and the temporal dynamics of stylar hair retraction and style elongation in Campanula trachelium (Campanulaceae)
Authors: Vranken S. , Brys R. , Hoffmann M. , Jacquemyn H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo increase the accuracy of pollen capture and transfer by pollinators some plant species have developed secondary pollen presentation structures. Because the presence of secondary pollen presentation structures at the pistil may reduce the spatial separation between the sexual functions and increase the risk of self‐interference and selfing, temporal segregation of the sexual organs, triggered by visiting insects, can be expected to occur. We investigated secondary pollen presentation and the temporal dynamics of the sexual phases in combination with the physiological self‐incompatibility system in Campanula trachelium, a protandrous insect‐pollinated herb. Stylar hair retraction (male function) and curling of the stigmatic lobes (female function) were modelled using Gompertz growth functions. Finally, we performed pollination experiments in the lab and field to assess seed set and pollen limitation under natural conditions. About 68% of the total pollen load was captured by stylar hairs. Manual manipulation of the stylar hairs, mimicking pollinator visitation, significantly shortened the male phase and accelerated the female phase, resulting in a significant decline in temporal overlap between the two sexual functions. Conversely, when pollinators and/or manual manipulations were lacking, the male phase was substantially prolonged and sexual overlap was maximal. This suggests that spreading of the sexual phases and thus the risk of sexual interference are largely determined by the interaction between stylar hairs and visiting pollinators. Natural seed set was high and not pollinator limited. Overall, these results indicate that secondary pollen presentation and partial protandry resulted in efficient pollen capture, transfer and deposition.
Tetracycline accumulates in Iberis sempervirens L. through apoplastic transport inducing oxidative stress and growth inhibition
Authors: Di Marco G. , Gismondi A. , Canuti L. , Scimeca M. , Volpe A. , Canini A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEnvironmental antibiotic contamination is due mainly to improper and illegal disposal of these molecules that, yet pharmacologically active, are excreted by humans and animals. These compounds contaminate soil, water and plants. Many studies have reported the bioaccumulation of antibiotics in plants and their negative effects on photosynthesis, cell growth and oxidative balance. Therefore, the principal objective of this paper was the study of antibiotic accumulation sites in plants and its uptake modality. Iberis sempervirens L., grown in soil and in agar in the presence or absence of tetracycline, were used as a model system. Using confocal and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrated that tetracycline was absorbed and propagated in plants through apoplastic transport and also accumulated in intercellular spaces. Tetracycline was rarely detected inside cells (in cytoplasm and mitochondria where, coherent to its pharmacological activity, it probably affected ribosomes), except in stomata. Moreover, we verified and clarified further the phytotoxic effects of tetracycline on plants. We observed that the antibiotic induced a large reduction in plant growth and development and inhibition of photosynthetic activity. As tetracycline may lead to oxidative stress in plants, plant cells tried to balance this disequilibrium by increasing the amount and activity of some endogenous enzyme antioxidant agents (superoxide dismutase 1 and catalase) and levels of antiradical secondary metabolites.
Resistant accessions of wild Psidium spp. to Meloidogyne enterolobii and histological characterization of resistance
Authors: Freitas V. M. , Correa V. R. , Motta F. C. , Sousa M. G. , Gomes A. C. M. M. , Carneiro M. D. G. , Silva D. B. , Mattos J. K. , Nicole M. , Carneiro R. M. D. G. 
Published: October 2013

Meloidogyne enterolobii has been reported in some states of Brazil and other countries causing severe damage on commercial guava (Psidium guajava). The use of resistant varieties is the most effective way to manage nematode parasitism. This study screened 51 accessions of Psidium spp. selected from the Psidium Germplasm Collection (Embrapa) to look for resistance against M. enterolobii. Six months after inoculation, nematode reproduction factor (RF) was used to assess resistance. The following species were resistant to M. enterolobii: P. cattleianum (yellow guava), P. friedrichsthalianum (Costa Rican guava), Acca sellowiana (feijoa) and P. rufum (purple guava). All 43 wild accessions of P. guajava were susceptible, as well as three accessions of P. guineense (Brazilian guava), one of P. acutangulum (pear guava) and the susceptible control P. guajava cv. Paluma. When used as rootstocks under greenhouse conditions, P. cattleianum and P. friedrichsthalianum were compatible with cv. Paluma; however, in greenhouse and field conditions only 50% of both scions survived. No apparent hypersensitive response (HR) was seen in the resistant guava P. cattleianum and P. friedrichsthalianum. Juveniles were able to develop normal feeding sites similar to those in susceptible roots 6–13 days after inoculation (dai). From 27 to 32 dai, giant cell deterioration was observed and nematodes showed arrested development. The majority of nematodes failed to reach maturity and did not begin laying eggs in resistant roots. These results suggested that the induction of resistance is relatively late in this pathosystem.
Validation of Obstetric Estimate Using Early Ultrasound: 2007 California Birth Certificates
Authors: Barradas Danielle T. , Dietz Patricia M. , Pearl Michelle , England Lucinda J. , Callaghan William M. , Kharrazi Martin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundObstetric estimate (OE) of gestational age, recently added to the standard US birth certificate, has not been validated. Using early ultrasound‐based gestational age (prior to 20 weeks gestation) as the criterion standard, we estimated the prevalence of preterm delivery and the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of gestational age estimates based on OE.MethodsWe analyzed 165 148 singleton livebirth records (38% of California livebirths during the study period) with linked early ultrasound information from a statewide California prenatal screening programme. OE of gestational age estimates was obtained from birth certificates.ResultsPrevalence of preterm delivery (<37 weeks gestation) was higher based on early ultrasound (8.1%) compared with preterm delivery based on OE (7.1%). Sensitivity for preterm birth when using OE for gestational age was 74.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] [74.1, 75.6]), and PPV was 85.1% (95% CI [84.4, 85.7]). Incongruence, defined as a ≥ 14‐day difference between early‐ultrasound‐derived gestational age and OE, was 3.4%.ConclusionsOE reported on the birth certificate may underestimate the prevalence of preterm delivery, particularly among women of non‐Hispanic non‐white race and ethnicity and women with lower educational attainment, public insurance at time of delivery, and missing prepregnancy BMI. Additional validation studies in other samples of births are needed.
Maternal Pre‐Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Risk of Selected Birth Defects: Evidence of a Dose–Response Relationship
Authors: Block Suzanne R. , Watkins Sharon M. , Salemi Jason L. , Rutkowski Rachel , Tanner Jean Paul , Correia Jane A. , Kirby Russell S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigates the relationship between maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and 26 birth defects identified through the Florida Birth Defects Registry.MethodsPre‐pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) was categorised into underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5–24.9), overweight (25.0–29.9), and obese (≥30.0) among Florida resident mothers without pre‐gestational diabetes who gave birth to singleton infants from March 2004 through December 2009. Obesity was classified as obese I (30.0–34.9), obese II (35.0–39.9), and obese III (≥40.0). Logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval, representing the association between pre‐pregnancy BMI and each of the 26 specific birth defects (and an ‘any birth defect’ composite). Models were adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, marital status, and nativity.ResultsThe livebirth prevalence of any birth defect increased with increasing BMI, from 3.9% among underweight women to 5.3% among obese III women (P < 0.001). Results show a direct dose–response relationship between maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and 10 defects under study (cleft palate without cleft lip, diaphragmatic hernia, hydrocephalus without spina bifida, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis, pyloric stenosis, rectal and large intestinal atresia/stenosis, transposition of great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, and ventricular septal defects) and the ‘any birth defect’ category. Conversely, gastroschisis exhibited a statistically significant inverse relationship with pre‐pregnancy BMI.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of the increasing risk of birth defect‐affected pregnancy with increasing pre‐pregnancy obesity. Reducing pre‐pregnancy obesity, even among obese women, may reduce the occurrence of birth defects.