bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TARGETED REGULATION OF LICENSED PREMISES IN A CITY ENTERTAINMENT PRECINCT: IMPACT ON ASSAULTS, STREET OFFENCES AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PRESENTATIONS
Authors: Wiggers J , Tindall J , Gillham K , Lecathelinais C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundLicensed premises in entertainment precincts are associated with higher levels of alcohol-related harm. In 2008, additional licensing conditions were imposed on a number of hotels in the main entertainment precinct of Newcastle, NSW (Australia). These included reduced trading hours, lock-outs, drink restrictions and additional Responsible Service of Alcohol strategies.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of the conditions on night-time assaults, street offences and assault-related injury emergency department presentations 3 years post-intervention.MethodsTwo separate analyses were undertaken:1. Separate binomial regression analyses were undertaken to assess changes over time in police attended incidents (night-time non-domestic assaults and street offenses) in the study area and three comparison areas for 2001 to 2011.2. A linear regression analysis with linear and quadratic trends was conducted to model changes over time in emergency department presentations (night-time assault related injury) in four hospitals located within 40 km of the main entertainment precinct for 2001 to 2011.Results/OutcomeIn the 3 years following the implementation of additional licensing conditions in Newcastle, the study found a significant:• 28% to 37% relative reduction in night-time non-domestic assaults relative to three comparison areas.• 44% to 70% relative reduction in night-time street offences relative to three comparison areas.• 26% reduction in night-time assault-related injury emergency department presentations.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe reduction in alcohol-related harm following the introduction of the conditions and the longevity of such improvements provide strong evidence for the imposition of such licensing conditions.
IMPACT ON HOME STAIRWAY SAFETY REGULATION IN CANADA: WHEN EVIDENCE AND INDUSTRY-INFLUENCED GOVERNMENT POLICY CLASH
Authors: Pauls J , Barss P 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSince about 1940 the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) has been produced by the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC). However, in recent decades, home stairway design requirements have not been based on the best available research, including NRCC's own. Injury data for Canada's largest province (Ontario) suggest a rate of hospital-admitted stair-related injuries twice that of the USA (30 vs 15 per 100 000 population).ObjectivesWith built environment regulation being a reliable mechanism for stair-related injury prevention, the objective is to improve NBCC requirements.MethodsBeginning in the mid 1970s, NRCC research staff attempted to work with NBCC-development committees, both to apply what was scientifically known about stairway safety and to encourage new research. Many research-based, code-change proposals were submitted in 1992. In 2011, the International Conference on Stairway Usability and Safety established consensus on research evidence justifying improved requirements.OutcomesKey proposals from 1992 have not yet been processed. In 2010, several task groups were formed and many recommendations for code changes, on stairways, were drafted. However, task groups report to a committee that, since the 1970s, has been dominated by home builders highly resistant to changes.SignificanceNBCC-development policies and procedures, increasingly influenced by an industry-dominated Canadian Federal Government, pose old and new impediments to improved home design requirements and reduced, stairway-related injury tolls.
SAFETY AROUND THE HOME: AN INTERACTIVE, EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE TO CREATING A SAFE HOME ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Tyson S , Austin E , Laughlin A , Green J , Minuzzo B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe Raising Children Network (RCN) specialises in the translation of scientific research and best-practice online support to parents of children 0–18 years through its website, social media and mobile technologies. With approximately 500 000 visits to the website per month, it is a trusted, evidence-based parenting resource that incorporates injury prevention information to increase parent knowledge on how to provide a safe environment for children and reduce injury and hospitalisation rates.AimsThe injury prevention interactive project aims to deliver engaging evidence-based information to parents/carers to provide children with a safe environment for learning and development by ameliorating potential risks.MethodsParent/carer education is done through an online interactive tool on the RCN website. The home safety tool allows parents to explore an interactive home and surrounds and is engaging and enjoyable to use. Parents can filter by age group so that appropriate safety issues are shown. As users explore each interactive area they click on highlighted issues to learn about the hazard and how to prevent burns, poisonings and other injuries via on screen text, downloadable information and videos. When they have finished exploring the house, parents generate a checklist of all actions they need to make in the home.ResultsA demonstration of the evidence-based interactive will include a tour of the virtual house where parents explore and fix safety issues around the home. The virtual tour allows parents to develop a checklist of the actions they need to complete in their own house with a view to creating a safe environment.SignificanceThe home safety tool facilitates interactive learning for parents through a web-based intervention. Video content will allow us to reach a wider audience including those with learning difficulties and non-English speaking backgrounds and also show parents the ‘HOW’ of home safety instead of simply telling them ‘WHAT’ to do.
HOME INJURY HAZARDS AND HOME INJURY IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Keall M , Baker M , Howden-Chapman P , Cunningham M , Cunningham C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAlthough the home is a major setting for injury morbidity and mortality, there are few proven effective interventions for reducing home injury risk.AimsTo develop measurement protocols for assessing home injury hazards and practical procedures for making targeted repairs to these hazards.MethodsWe developed the Healthy Housing Index as a protocol for systematically quantifying the degree of risk posed by housing to the health and safety of the occupants. We studied in detail a large number of home injuries to identify likely preventive measures focused on structural aspects of the home environment.ResultsApproximately 38% of the 1328 home injuries studied were potentially associated with modifiable features of the home environment. We also found a statistically significant association between increasing numbers of home injury hazards and the occurrence of home injury, providing qualified evidence for the potential effectiveness of home injury hazard remediation as an effective injury prevention measure.SignificanceThe current study potentially provides a path to an effective means to prevent home injury. The expense of making repairs to home injury hazards places greater demands on reliable evidence of the effectiveness of this intervention. This is currently the subject of a large randomised controlled trial, currently in progress.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CUTTING OR PIERCING INJURIES AT HOME AMONG YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS
Authors: Kool B , Sharpe S , Robinson E , Ameratunga S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundUnintentional injuries in the home account for a significant burden of injury among all age groups. Cutting or piercing injuries are the second leading cause of injury hospitalisation in New Zealand. The impact of injuries at home among young and middle-age adults may have significant implications for both work productivity and family life.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo explore modifiable risk factors for unintended cutting or piercing injuries at home among 20–64 year olds.MethodsA population-based case-control study was conducted in three regions of New Zealand (August 2008–December 2009). Cases were 356 people aged 20–64 years admitted to hospital in the regions as a result of a non-occupational unintentional cutting or piercing injury at home. Controls were 839 individuals of the same age randomly selected via telephone using a Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) system. An interviewer-administered questionnaire elicited data on a range of putative risk and protective factors.Results/OutcomesAfter adjustment for major confounders, the risk of cutting or piercing injuries was significantly increased with the consumption of three or more standard alcoholic drinks in the previous 6 h compared with the consumption of none (OR 3.93; 95% CI 1.61 to 9.57); chronic fatigue (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.14); and marijuana use in the past year (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.18 to 4.77).Significance/Contribution to the FieldInterventions that address the risk factors identified are indicated. While the risks associated with drink driving are well recognised, the potential injury risks associated with hazardous drinking at home requires greater attention.
PACIFIC PROVIDER MAKING A DIFFERENCE
Authors: Timmins C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundPacific people are overrepresented in injury statistics in New Zealand and injury contributes to significant disparities in health for our Pacific communities.Waitakere has a long history of working with Pacific communities and providers to raise awareness of injury and build a culture of safety among Pacific peoples.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo focus on the home environment using a more holistic view of safety across health, injury, housing and immigration, with the understanding that for Pacific families cultural and emotional safety are as vital as physical safety from injury.MethodsWorking with our local Pacific health provider using a collaborative framework, positive staff engagement was achieved. Staff continued to participate in the development of a robust home safety checking system which was implemented and reviewed over a 3 year period. An agreed process covering recruitment of families to the programme, a systematic delivery method, options for remediation of issues and a long term review system was developed. Significant professional development of staff was undertaken and a plan for integration of the programme into service delivery was implemented.Results/OutcomesThe final report indicated significant changes in understanding of injury risks, options for remediation and family practice around key risk areas of participating families. This dedicated health provider continues to deliver the home safety checking system as part of their practice.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis project identified a pathway for injury prevention promotion in a key Pacific health agency, providing a continued process to raise awareness and manage risks with pacific families.
EVALUATION OF A NATIONAL HOME SAFETY EQUIPMENT SCHEME
Authors: Watson MC , Errington G , Hamilton T , Mulvaney C , Smith S , Binley S , Coupland C , Kendrick D , Walsh P 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe national scheme was established in England in 2009 with £18m, running for 2 years. It targeted families with children under 5 living in areas with the highest accident rates in England. Scheme components included: training for professionals; home safety checks; advice for families; free provision and installation of home safety equipment. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents established and managed the scheme nationally. Delivery was through a range of local organisations. Independent evaluation was conducted by the University of Nottingham.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo evaluate the national scheme; specifically investigating effectiveness, appropriateness and reach.MethodsThis complex evaluation employed multiple methods including postal surveys, one-to-one interviews, direct observation, case studies, documentary analysis and postcode mapping of family data.Results/OutcomeThe evidence gathered from a range of sources and perspectives was very positive with regard to the implementation and value of the scheme. A total of 129 local schemes were active covering 92% of the original target areas. Safety equipment was professionally fitted in 66 127 homes and 282 000 families had received home safety information. Mapping the postcodes for families in receipt of equipment confirmed that 70% resided in the most deprived areas of England. The distribution of supporting resources included 7881 DVDs, 3885 flipcharts and 568 000 height charts. Feedback from families and professionals was positive.Significance/Contribution to the fieldThe evaluation has implications both for future home safety equipment schemes and the evaluation of large injury prevention interventions.
THE ECONOMIC BURDEN OF ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE-RELATED ADULT DEATHS IN THE US WORKPLACE, 2003–2006
Authors: Helmkamp J , Elyce B , Marsh S , Aitken M , Campbell C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAll-terrain vehicles are used in a variety of industries and occupations.ObjectiveTo estimate the societal economic burden associated with occupation-related ATV fatalities among civilian persons more than 17 years of age in the USA from 2003–2006.MethodsATV death data were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' annual Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Costs were estimated using a model employing a cost-of-illness method developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.ResultsFrom 2003–2006, 129 occupation-related ATV deaths occurred among persons >17 years of age in the USA, nearly doubling from 20 deaths in 2003–39 deaths in 2006. The collective lifetime cost of the deaths was $103.6 million (M) with a 4-year mean of $803 100 and a 4-year median of $772 100. Decedents aged 35–54 years accounted for one-third of the deaths (n=41) at a cost of $50.1 M. Montana had the most deaths (13). Fifty-two per cent of the deaths were overturns costing $48.3 M. Eighty-four (65%) of the deaths were workers in agricultural production at a cost of $62.3 M.SignificanceShort-term investment in prevention measures, such as training and helmets for workers, could provide lasting dividends by preventing occupation-related ATV deaths and reducing their economic impact.
A FAMILY INTERVENTION TO INCREASE THE USE OF SEATBELTS ON ROPS TRACTORS
Authors: Stoneman Z , Jinnah-Ghelani H , Rains G , Brightwell B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAlmost all tractor roll-over fatalities can be prevented by the use of safety equipment such as Roll-Over Protection (ROPS) and seatbelts. Unfortunately, many farmers still do not wear seatbelts on ROPS tractors.AimsThis is part of a larger NIOSH-funded study utilising the Theory of Planned Behavior to evaluate a family-based farm safety intervention. This presentation focuses on wearing seatbelts on ROPS tractors.MethodsThis research utilised a longitudinal, randomised-control design including two intervention groups (primary farmers or safety experts as teachers) and a no-treatment control. Lessons were taught to the whole family. Almost all primary farmers were fathers. Data were collected from the whole family. Data reported in this presentation were from 115 families.ResultsANCOVAs revealed that, after controlling pre-intervention levels, farmers in the primary farmer-led group were less likely to have unsafe behaviours and intentions related to operating ROPS tractor without a seatbelt than those in the safety expert or control group. Both intervention groups reported a positive change in attitudes and risk awareness as compared to the control group. Youth in primary farmer-led group reported a positive change in behaviour compared to control group. Groups did not differ in intentions and risk awareness.SignificanceWhen primary farmers are involved in teaching their families about farm safety, it has a positive impact on their own behaviours and intentions as they see themselves as models for their youth. Findings help us create effective interventions that impact behavioural change in fathers and youth related to farm safety.
GPS TRACKING OF QUAD BIKE USE ON AUSTRALIAN DAIRY FARMS
Authors: Lower T , Trotter M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAvailable data on quad bike use in Australia is limited by the subjectivity of self-report.AimThis study sought to ascertain the pattern of usage by geospatial techniques in a small sample of Australian dairy farmers and compare this to self-reported data.MethodThe quad bikes of 11 dairy farmers were fitted with two GPS units for a period of 14 days. High temporal resolution data was collected to determine speed by recording five locations 15 s apart at 5 min intervals for the first 2 days. Data from the 14-day period (with single locations recorded every 5 min), were used to assess usage patterns and exposure. These data were compared to self-report data obtained prior to and immediately following the test period.ResultsThe majority of usage was at speeds less than 10 km/h (80%), with the average speed being 9 km/h. This compared to the self-reported mean of 19 km/h. Other calculations of rider exposure were also attained.SignificanceThis is the first study to objectively report on speed and rider exposure in Australian dairy farmers. In general terms average speeds defined by self-report were over-estimated by 10 kmph. The predominance of low speed use has implications for the type of helmets required on dairy farms. Further, this may provide an opportunity to increase helmet use compliance and reduce head injury.
CONCORDANCE OF IDENTIFIED DRUGS IN INJURED DRIVERS USING LINKED MOTOR VEHICLE CRASH, EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, AND INPATIENT HOSPITALISATION DATASETS
Authors: Bunn T , Singleton M , Slavova S , Nicholson V 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundKentucky has the 6th highest drug overdose rate, 5th highest medical use rate of opioid pain relievers, and 11th highest opioid pain reliever sales rate in the USA (CDC, 2011).Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe present study was undertaken to identify the presence of drugs (illicit and prescription) and crash characteristics among drivers who were injured in a motor vehicle crash using linked emergency department (ED), inpatient hospitalisation (IH), and crash data.MethodsKentucky CRASH data was probabilistically linked to emergency department datasets for years 2008–2009 and to inpatient hospitalisation datasets for years 2000–2009. Descriptive analyses were performed.Results/OutcomeOf the 47 089 linked crash/ED-treated cases, there were: (1) 408 drivers diagnosed with non-dependent abuse of drugs (NDAD) in the ED; (2) 697 drivers cited for drugs in CRASH data (only 102 overlapped and were cited for drugs in both CRASH data and coded as NDAD in IH); (3) 42 drivers diagnosed with multiple drugs; and (4) 98 drivers in very severe crashes. Of the 19 466 total linked crash/IH cases, there were: (1) 1045 drivers diagnosed with NDAD in the IH; (2) 656 drivers cited for drugs in CRASH data (186 overlapped); (3) 250 drivers diagnosed with multiple drugs; and (4) 484 drivers in very severe crashes.Significance/Contribution to the FieldCommunity and workplace strategies focusing on comprehensive drug policies (eg, increased drug recognition training of police officers and increased traffic fines) and interventions (eg, improved prescription drug monitoring programmes, designated drivers) are necessary to reduce driving while under the influence of drugs.
WALES BURDEN OF INJURY STUDY
Authors: Macey S , Jones SJ , Pinder L , Humphreys C , Price T , Evans L , Hughes R , Lyons RA 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundInjuries are still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in high-income countries. However the true burden of injuries is difficult to determine and largely unmeasured. Quantifying the extent of the issue is an important step in informing policy makers responsible for prevention and control.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo quantify the extent of the burden and societal cost of injuries in Wales.MethodsThe Wales Burden of Injury (WBOI) study utilised the methodology developed by the UK Burden of Injuries project and contributions from by the Global Burden of Diseases Injury Expert Group. Data from emergency department attendances, hospital admissions and outpatient contacts for injuries were stratified by gender, age, local authority, health board area, socio-economic status, cause and intent categories. Years lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost (YLLs) were used to calculate disability adjusted life years (DALYs) from injuries.Results/OutcomesPopulation rates per 100 000 in 2009 were: 14 812 for emergency department injury attendances; 1394 for hospital admissions and 26 391 for outpatient contacts. These cases resulted in 43 706 YLDs, 6958 YLLs and 50 664 DALYs. Using a health service funding threshold of £30 000 per DALY produced an intangible societal cost of £1.52 billion for injuries occurring that year.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe WBOI study has improved measurement of the societal impact of injuries. The results and a compendium of effective interventions will be presented to central and local government and health service managers later this year and used to inform appropriate prevention and control policies.
VALIDATING EVIDENCE-BASED CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFYING INCIDENT HIP FRACTURES IN THE ABSENCE OF DATE OF INJURY
Authors: Vu T , Davie G , Barson D , Day L , Finch C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundHospital discharge data (HDD) in many countries do not capture the date of injury (DOI); the absence of which hinders researchers' ability to distinguish repeat from incident injury admissions. Various approaches have been explored to increase the accuracy of hip fracture incidence estimates but these approaches have not been validated against a data source which contains the DOI.ObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of evidence-based criteria for identifying incident fall-related hip fractures from person-identifying (person-level) HDD in the absence of the DOI.Methods We analysed fall-related, person-level HDD from New Zealand (NZ) between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2008 (inclusive) to estimate the incidence of hospital admission for fall-related hip fracture in older people. We defined data containing the DOI as the reference standard, and using standard definitions we calculated measures of accuracy of the following evidence-based criteria: age ≥65, principal diagnosis hip fracture, first listed external cause indicating a fall, admission type emergency, admission source other than a transfer and presence of hip operation code(s).ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of the criteria for identifying incident fall-related hip fractures from data not containing the DOI were 96.4% and 99.3%, respectively, compared to the reference standard. The application of these criteria resulted in a slight underestimation of fall-related hip fracture incidence in older people in NZ.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis study demonstrates the utility of evidence-based criteria when the DOI is unavailable.