bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple endobronchial hamartoma
Authors: Mertoğlu Aydan , Tellioğlu Emel , Yücel Nur 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground and Aims: Pulmonary hamartomas appear as parenchymal or endobronchial lesions, the latter representing ‘1.4 to 11%’ of the total number of pulmonary hamartomas. Endobronchial hamartomas usually emerge as a single mass. As they are accepted as benign tumors, endobronchial treatments are recommended today. 45 year‐old male patient admitted with cough, phlegm and fever. A lesion totally obstructing the right main bronchus was found in CT. Methods: In his brochoscopy, a mobile, smooth‐surfaced lesion obstructing right main bronchus was seen. Its histopathology was reported as ‘hamartoma.’ Results: The lesion was removed by using argon plasma coagulation and electrocotery. After the removal of the lesion in right main bronchus, another lesion with similar characteristics was seen in the intermedius bronchus and this lesion which histopathology was reported as ‘hamartoma’ was excised by using electrocauter snare. There was no recurrence in the 24 month follow‐up. Conclusion: Reports of multiple endobronchial hamartomas are rare in the literature, and the awareness of this form of benign disease is important in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary diseases.
Right ventricular failure after implantation of continuous flow left ventricular assist device: analysis of predictors and outcomes
Authors: Lo Casey , Murphy Deirdre , Summerhayes Robyn , Quayle Margaret , Burrell Aiden , Bailey Michael , Marasco Silvana F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPostoperative right ventricular failure is a serious complication for up to 50% of patients following LVAD insertion. Predicting RV failure is an important factor for patients as planned BiVAD support has been shown to correlate with better outcomes compared to delayed BiVAD to LVAD conversion. This retrospective study examined prospectively collected data for 101 patients implanted with an LVAD between 2003 and 2013, aiming to establish preoperative predictive factors for RVF post‐LVAD insertion, analyze outcomes, and validate existing RVF scoring systems. In our cohort, 63 patients (62.4%) developed RV failure and consequently demonstrated consistently poorer survival throughout the follow‐up period (log‐rank p = 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression identified two significant variables: cardiac index <2.2 preoperatively despite inotropic support (OR 4.6 [95%CI 1.8–11.8]; p = 0.001) and preoperative tricuspid regurgitation (OR 8.1 [95%CI 1.9–34]; p = 0.004). Patients who developed RV failure had more complicated postoperative courses including longer ICU stay (p < 0.001), higher incidence of transfusions (p = 0.03) and re‐intubation (p = 0.001), longer ventilation duration (p < 0.001), and higher incidence of returning to theater (p = 0.0008). This study found that previous validation models had only moderate correlation with our population emphasizing the need for prospective validation of these scores in the current era of continuous flow devices.
The Community Research Scholars Initiative: A Mid‐Project Assessment
Authors: Theurer Jacqueline , Pike Earl , Sehgal Ashwini R. , Fischer Robert L. , Collins Cyleste 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCommunity organizations addressing health and human service needs generally have minimal capacity for research and evaluation. As a result, they are often inadequately equipped to independently carry out activities that can be critical for their own success, such as conducting needs assessments, identifying best practices, and evaluating outcomes. Moreover, they are unable to develop equitable partnerships with academic researchers to conduct community‐based research. This paper reports on the progress of the Community Research Scholar Initiative (CRSI), a program that aims to enhance community research and evaluation capacity through training of selected employees from Greater Cleveland community organizations. The intensive 2‐year CRSI program includes didactic instruction, fieldwork, multiple levels of community and academic engagement, leadership training, and a mentored research project. The first cohort of CRSI Scholars, their community organizations, and other community stakeholders have incorporated program lessons into their practices and operations. The CRSI program evaluation indicates: the importance of careful Scholar selection; the need to engage executive leadership from Scholar organizations; the value of a curriculum integrating classwork, fieldwork, and community engagement; and the need for continual scholar skill and knowledge assessment. These findings and lessons learned guide other efforts to enhance community organization research and evaluation capacity.
Early detection of comorbidity in psoriasis: recommendations of the National Conference on Healthcare in Psoriasis
Authors: Radtke Marc Alexander , Mrowietz Ulrich , Feuerhahn Julia , Härter Martin , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Nast Alexander , Reich Kristian , Strömer Klaus , Wohlrab Johannes , Augustin Matthias 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundPsoriasis is associated with an increased rate of comorbidities, whose early detection has been adopted into the national healthcare goals. To date, agreed recommendations on early detection in the context of routine dermatological care are missing. The objective of this study was the interdisciplinary development of screening algorithms.MethodsThe development of the consensus paper was based on a three‐step process. First, the National Conference on Healthcare in Psoriasis, convening on behalf of the German Society of Dermatology (DDG) and the Professional Association of German Dermatologists (BVDD), developed a definition of the requirements, areas of application, conception, and methodology of a screening tool. Secondly, based on a literature search, individual working groups compiled evidence for the use of screening parameters. In a third step, an interdisciplinary working group adopted the algorithms in a Delphi consensus process.ResultsThe associated working groups evaluated more than 2,000 publications on 15 different comorbidities. A screening algorithm was agreed on for the following twelve indications: arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, depression, nicotine abuse, alcohol abuse, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis arthritis, and malignant lymphoma. In this context, the requirements of everyday dermatological care were addressed in particular.ConclusionsWith respect to screening for comorbidities in psoriasis, standardized and consented algorithms are available, which – on national level – may be implemented as a screening tool within the framework of PsoNet – German Psoriasis Networks.
Sources of Public Revenue that Make Nations Richer
Authors: Nicolaus Tideman T. , Plassmann Florenz 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAmong sources of public revenue that make nations richer, the most beneficial are charges for harms, such as pollution and congestion, and charges for the private benefits from public services. Increases in the money supply sufficient to keep price changes in line with expectations are also beneficial. Taxes on concentrations of wealth are beneficial if wealth inequality is considered harmful. Properly administered taxes on land do no harm and are beneficial when markets are imperfect. Among taxes that cause harm, the combination of a tax on labour income and a tax on inheritances is probably the least damaging.
Student performance and appreciation using 3D vs. 2D vision in a virtual learning environment
Authors: de Boer I. R. , Wesselink P. R. , Vervoorn J. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the performance and appreciation of students working in a virtual learning environment with two (2D)‐ or three (3D)‐dimensional vision.Material and methodsOne hundred and twenty‐four randomly divided first‐year dental students performed a manual dexterity exercise on the Simodont dental trainer with an automatic assessment. Group 1 practised in 2D vision and Group 2 in 3D. All of the students practised five times for 45 min and then took a test using the vision they had practised in. After test 1, all of the students switched the type of vision to control for the learning curve: Group 1 practised in 3D and took a test in 3D, whilst Group 2 practised in 2D and took the test in 2D. To pass, three of five exercises had to be successfully completed within a time limit. The students filled out a questionnaire after completing test 2.ResultsThe results show that students working with 3D vision achieved significantly better results than students who worked in 2D. Ninety‐five per cent of the students filled out the questionnaire, and over 90 per cent preferred 3D vision.ConclusionThe use of 3D vision in a virtual learning environment has a significant positive effect on the performance of the students as well as on their appreciation of the environment.
Neuropsychological profiles of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and their siblings: An extended study
Authors: Iqbal Nasur , Caswell Helen , Muir Robin , Cadden Amy , Ferguson Stuart , Mackenzie Holly , Watson Philip , Duncan Susan 
Published: June 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo examine executive function, intelligence, visuospatial skills, language, memory, attention, reaction time, anxiety, depression, and emotional and behavioral traits most frequently associated with executive dysfunction in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) compared with a sibling and a normal control group under video–electroencephalography (video‐EEG) conditions.MethodsTwenty‐two sibling pairs, one with JME, were compared with 44 controls matched for age, gender, and educational level. All participants were administered a comprehensive set of neuropsychological and questionnaire measures during and without video‐EEG recording.ResultsThe JME group differed significantly from controls in measures of phonemic and semantic verbal fluency. They scored significantly higher on the dysexecutive self‐rating questionnaire, being more likely to report traits associated with executive dysfunction than both siblings and controls. Patients with JME reported significantly low mood than both controls and their siblings. Unaffected siblings differed significantly from controls on psychomotor speed, phonemic verbal fluency and were considered to exhibit traits associated with executive dysfunction by others. Qualitative inspection of data suggested a convincing trend for patients with JME and their siblings to perform worse than controls on most measures.SignificanceThis study supports the existence of a distinct neuropsychological profile among patients with JME and their siblings, which is likely to be genetically determined. The similarity of neuropsychological profiles between JME patients and their siblings is independent of antiepileptic drug effects or subclinical EEG activity. The significant differences between the sibling and controls suggests that there is a neurocognitive endophenotype for JME.
Population ecology of the endangered aquatic carnivorous macrophyte Aldrovanda vesiculosa at a naturalised site in North America
Authors: Cross Adam T. , Skates Laura M. , Adamec Lubomίr , Hammond C. Michael , Sheridan Philip M. , Dixon Kingsley W. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Aldrovanda vesiculosa is an aquatic carnivorous plant native to nutrient impoverished wetland systems in Australia, Africa, Asia, and continental Europe that has declined dramatically throughout its native range in the last century. A strong reliance upon carnivory generally limits its occurrence to specific, nutrient‐poor, island‐like microhabitats. Remaining native populations are generally small and fragmented, and empirical population ecology data for the species arelacking. Developing an understanding of the constraints to growth, establishment and reproduction in A. vesiculosa is crucial to conservation of the species.

In contrast with the decline of the species throughout its native range, a number of large A. vesiculosa populations have become naturalised in North America. This study examines the population ecology of A. vesiculosa at one of these naturalised sites and assesses the species' potential invasiveness in terms of its ecological characteristics. Transect and quadrat surveys were used to determine the response of morphology, fecundity and spatial distribution to putative biotic and environmental variables, with glasshouse trials and a bird feeding experiment employed to test the persistence of seeds in the seed bank and after transport in bird guts.

Although A. vesiculosa is capable of becoming locally abundant (up to 1260 individuals m−2) in wetland areas where biotic and abiotic conditions are optimal, it appears to compete poorly with floating and emergent macrophytes and is limited predominantly to specific microhabitats. The ecological characteristics of A. vesiculosa suggest that it poses a low invasion risk. The species' growth and reproductive potential are highest in shallow areas harbouring loose vegetation assemblages, with over two thirds of all individuals recorded from water 10–50 cm in depth and in areas with <50% native macrophyte cover. Seeds are unlikely to play a significant role in seasonal persistence or dispersal, with poor floral success (c. 10%), few seeds produced, low seed viability (<50%) throughout the study area and no seeds recovered from the sediment seed bank or recovered from bird faeces following gut transport.

The stenotopic ecology of A. vesiculosa, and the continuing decline of dystrophic freshwater wetlands globally, indicate that remaining natural populations are highly sensitive and are likely to decline rapidly without adequate management. In addition to wetland management at the catchment scale to mitigate processes such as eutrophication, future conservation and reintroduction initiatives for A. vesiculosa must focus particularly on the identification, maintenance and restoration of optimal shallow humic microsites harbouring loose, open assemblages of emergent and floating macrophytes.
TEXT AND SUBTEXT: JOHANNES GARCAEUS'S STERBBÜCHLEIN AND MELCHIOR SPECKER'S VOM LEIBLICHEN TODT – A STUDY IN EARLY MODERN LITERARY BORROWING1
Authors: Ittzés Gábor 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this paper I focus on two later sixteenth‐century texts on the soul's post mortem state by German Lutheran professors of theology. The author of the earlier work (Vom Leiblichen Todt, 1560) is a little‐known Strasbourg divine, Melchior Specker (fl. 1554–69), while the later piece (Sterbbüchlein, 1573) was written by a student of Melanchthon, Johannes Garcaeus, Jr. (1530–74), primarily noted for his astronomical and astrological work. I argue for the existence of a no longer extant 1568 editio princeps of the Sterbbüchlein. The central claim of my paper is that Garcaeus was familiar with Specker's book and drew extensively on the Strasbourger's work, although he never even hinted at his indebtedness. The analysis proceeds through a careful examination of thematic, structural and textual parallels. A close reading of selected passages is augmented with statistical evaluation of semantic and grammatical correspondences. Once the texts’ interrelatedness is established, several observations can be drawn in conclusion from this case study about the practice of early modern literary borrowing.In dieser Studie werden zwei Texte aus dem späten sechzehnten Jahrhundert über den post mortem Zustand der Seele bei zwei deutschen evangelischen Theologieprofessoren untersucht. Der Autor des früheren Werkes (Vom Leiblichen Todt, 1560) ist ein wenig bekannter Straßburger Theologe, Melchior Specker (tätig 1554–1569), während das spätere Werk (Sterbbüchlein, 1573) von einem Studenten von Melanchton, Johannes Garcaeus geschrieben wurde, der eher durch sein astronomisches und astrologisches Werk bekannt ist. Ich argumentiere dafür, dass das Sterbbüchlein eine nicht mehr vorhandene Erstausgabe im Jahre 1568 hatte. Meine Hauptthese ist, dass Garcaeus das Buch von Specker kannte, und sich stark auf die Arbeit des Straßburgers stützte, obwohl er niemals auf seine Entlehnungen hinweist. Die Analyse erfolgt durch die ausführliche Untersuchung der thematischen, strukturellen und textuellen Parallelen. Das close reading von ausgewählten Passagen wird mit statistischen Evaluationen von semantischen und grammatischen Übereinstimmungen ergänzt. Nachdem die Zusammenhänge der Texte aufgezeigt worden sind, können aus dieser Fallstudie mehrere Schlussfolgerungen über die Praxis der Entlehnungen in der frühneuzeitlichen Literatur gezogen werden.
HOLOCAUST TRANSLATION, COMMUNICATION AND WITNESS IN THE WORK OF H. G. ADLER
Authors: Finch Helen 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis article demonstrates the unique contribution that the works of the Holocaust survivor and writer H. G. Adler (1910–88) make to the questions surrounding the relation of translation, broadly understood, to the experience of suffering in the Holocaust. Although a new challenge to the power of language to communicate experience was posed by the events of the Holocaust, in Adler's literary and philosophical work the challenge is rather to ensure that all language remains rooted in an ethical framework. Adler resists the distortion of language into an instrumental tool for genocide. This article argues that Adler's survivor‐protagonists do not struggle to translate the ineffable experience of suffering into literary German, but rather, to find a community of listeners for their literary language. It further describes Adler's humanist theory of translation, showing how this sheds light on the relationship between communication and translation in Adler's novels, and demonstrates the extent to which the reciprocal act of bearing witness in Eine Reise (1962) fails. The article both analyses the interlingual act of translating between languages in the novel, and tests the more metaphorical sense of translation frequently used in discussing the literature of the Holocaust.Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit dem einzigartigen Beitrag des Holocaust‐Überlebenden und Dichters H. G. Adler (1910–88) zu den Debatten um das Verhältnis zwischen Übersetzung (breit angelegt) und erfahrenem Leiden im Holocaust. Obwohl die Fähigkeit von Sprache, Erfahrung überhaupt ‘übersetzen’ zu können, durch die Ereignisse des Holocausts in Frage gestellt wurde, stellt sich Adlers literarische und philosophische Arbeit eher der Herausforderung, Sprache in einem ethischen Zusammenhang zu verankern, und dem ‘Verfall’ (so Adler) der Sprache in ein Werkzeug des Genozids zu widerstehen. Adlers Protagonisten, so die Argumentation, ringen nicht damit, ihre Erfahrung des Grauens überhaupt in eine literarische Sprache zu übersetzen, sondern eher damit, eine Gemeinschaft von Zuhörern zu finden, die auf ihre literarische Sprache achten. Der Artikel skizziert Adlers humanistische Philosophie der Übersetzung und zeigt, wie diese die Beziehung zwischen Kommunikation und Übersetzung in Adlers Romanen erläutert. Des weiteren wird gezeigt, inwiefern die reziproke Handlung der Zeugenschaft in Eine Reise (1962) scheitert. Hier wird sowohl das Übersetzen zwischen den Sprachen im Roman analysiert als auch die eher metaphorische Bedeutung des Übersetzens selbst in Frage gestellt, die öfters in Diskussionen über die Literatur des Holocausts verwendet wird.
Effects of grasslands and conifer reforestations on centipedes (Chilopoda): barriers, semi‐permeable matrices or secondary habitats?
Authors: Lacasella Federica , Zapparoli Marzio 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEcotones are frequently associated with habitat fragmentation, one of the main causes of biodiversity loss. Conifer reforestations are assumed to enhance connectivity between forest remnants, buffering negative effects of fragmentation (edge effect). Conversion of agricultural lands into conifer plantations is commonly considered a good practice, although its implications on biodiversity are still unclear.We compare effects of two matrices (non‐native conifer reforestations and semi‐natural grasslands) on epigeic centipedes of native forests in central Italy. Assemblages were sampled at progressive distances from the edge, both in the matrix and the native forest. Basing on habitat‐matrix similarity, reforestations should show lower edge effects compared to grasslands. Consequently reforestations could act as secondary habitat, while grasslands as barrier or semipermeable matrix.Several species occurred in both native forest and matrix: 47% of species at the forest–reforestation ecotone, 16% at the forest–grassland ecotone. Both reforestation and grasslands affected forest indicators (Lithobius castaneusandL. tylopus).L. castaneusshowed reforestations had a lower magnitude (0.95) and a greater depth of edge effect (53 m into the forest). Conversely, grasslands had a higher magnitude (1.00) and a lower depth of edge effect (17 m).Our findings show reforestations can act as secondary habitat, while grasslands as semipermeable matrix. Secondly, grasslands mainly threat forest species by isolation, while conifer reforestations by edge‐effect penetration. In conclusion, the establishment of non‐native conifer reforestation, although enhances connectivity, is not risk free and further comparative studies are due to evaluate positive and negative effects on biodiversity.
Factors related to number of present teeth in Korean elderly adults aged 55–84 years
Authors: Kim H‐N , Ha T‐G , Kim M‐J , Jun E‐J , Jeong S‐H , Kim J‐B 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the associations between the number of present teeth (NT) and socio‐economic, demographic and oral health behavioural factors among Korean adults aged 55–84 years.MethodsThe total subjects comprised 3767 individuals who were examined and who answered the questions on socio‐economic status and oral health behaviour from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2009. The dependent variable was NT, with binary status divided by the median. Socio‐economic and demographic factors included gender, educational level, parent's educational levels, region of residence, household income, type of health insurance and mother's economic activity. Oral health behaviours were as follows: daily toothbrushing frequency, smoking status, recent dental visit and illegal dental treatment. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to explain the associations between NT and other variables.ResultsIn a model adjusted by socio‐economic, demographic and oral health behavioural variables, subjects who lived in urban areas were more likely to have larger NT compared to those in suburban areas (OR: 1.22, P = 0.025). Males were more likely to have larger NT (OR: 1.90, P < 0.001), and daily toothbrushing frequency was associated with NT (OR = 1.25, P = 0.023). Non‐smokers (OR: 2.44, P < 0.001) and past smokers (OR: 1.70, P < 0.001) were more likely to have lager NT compared to current smokers. Subjects without illegal dental treatments were more likely to have lager NT compared to those with illegal dental treatments (OR = 2.21, P < 0.001).ConclusionsInterventions aiming to preserve present teeth in elderly adults should consider socio‐economic, demographic and oral health behavioural factors.