bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Pregnant Women for Natural Childbirth and its Course – Knowledge and Attitudes – Cross-Sectional Studies
Authors: Guzewicz Patrycja , Sierakowska Matylda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Preparing a pregnant woman for natural childbirth plays a crucial role in ensuring a safe and positive birthing experience. That process includes prenatal education, physical preparation of the body, and emotional support, which together help reduce anxiety, stress, and pain associated with childbirth. The role of prenatal education is particularly important as it provides expectant mothers with knowledge about the physiology of childbirth, breathing techniques, relaxation exercises, and non-pharmacological methods of pain management. The aim of this study is to understand the level of preparation of women for childbirth, assess the impact of childbirth preparation on its course and the experience of birthing women, and analyse the relationship between various forms of preparation and the levels of stress, anxiety, and satisfaction with childbirth.
Methods
Cross-sectional studies were conducted with a group of 201 pregnant women at the University Clinical Hospital in Białystok. Participants completed questionnaires before and after childbirth, that assessed their knowledge, skills, and experience related to childbirth. The study was conducted by means of a self-designed questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Health Behaviour Inventory (HBI).
Results
No effect of childbirth preparation on perceived satisfaction after childbirth has been found. Women with a higher sense of self-efficacy more frequently used non-pharmacological methods of pain relief during childbirth, performed pelvic floor muscle exercises, used perineal massage, and prepared a birth plan. They also rated their degree of preparation for childbirth higher. Childbirth preparation is not related to the mode of delivery but it increases the likelihood of using non-pharmacological methods of pain relief during childbirth.
Conclusions
It is important for pregnant women to have access to appropriate sources of support and information, which may have a positive impact upon their birthing experience. Particular attention should be given to the provision of adequate support from medical staff and improvement of a birthing woman’s self-efficacy since the level of satisfaction does not solely depend on childbirth preparation.
Subunit-Selective PI3K Inhibition to Reverse Immunotherapy Resistance: Phase I/II Study of PI3Kβ and Pembrolizumab in Advanced Solid Tumors with PTEN Loss
Authors: Tawbi Hussein , Burton Elizabeth , Dumbrava Ecaterina , Bohat Ritu , Milton Denai , Amaria Rodabe , McQuade Jennifer , Oliva Isabella Claudia Glitza , Subudhi Sumit , Aparicio Ana , Corn Paul , Pilie Patrick , Hong David , Patel Sapna , Rodon Jordi , Yap Timothy , Liang Xiaofang , Yu Chengtai , Xu Yitian , Liang Han , Lee Jack , Wani Khalida , Malke Jared , Simon Julie , Hudgens Courtney , Hwu Patrick , Wargo Jennifer , Tang Yitao , Tetzlaff Michael , Lazar Alexander , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Davies Michael , Peng Weiyi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) remains a critical unmet need for most cancer patients. Loss of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene activates the PI3K-AKT pathway in multiple cancer types. In melanoma, PTEN loss reduces ICB efficacy in preclinical models and correlates with decreased response rates in patients. The PI3Kβ inhibitor GSK2636771 blocked PI3K-AKT activation, increased immune infiltration, and improved ICB efficacy in PTEN-null melanoma preclinical models. Thus, we conducted a phase I/II study (NCT01458067) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of GSK2636771 with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced cancer and PTEN loss. Of the twenty-seven treated patients, 41% experienced grade 3-4 treatment related adverse events. The overall response rate (ORR) by RECIST 1.1 was 12% and 20% experienced clinical benefit. We present the clinical and translational results from this trial and preclinical experiments comparing PI3K isoforms which identifies PI3Kα as an alternative strategy to reverse resistance to ICB.
Health care utilization at the end of life in Parkinson´s disease: A population-based register study
Authors: Leavy Breiffni , Åkesson Elisabet , Lökk Johan , Schultz Torbjörn , Strang Peter , Franzén Erika 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Knowledge of healthcare utilization at the end of life in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is sparse. This study aims to investigate end of life health care utilization, characterized by emergency room (ER) visits, receipt of specialized palliative care (SPC), and place of death in a population-based PD cohort.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on deceased patients (≥18 years) with a PD diagnosis during their last year of life (n=922), based on healthcare-provider data from Region Stockholm´s data warehouse, for the study period 2015-2021. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses tested associations and adjusted Odds ratios (aORs) were calculated.
Results: During the last month of life, approx. half of the cohort had emergency room (ER) visits and risk of frailty (measured by Hospital Frailty Risk Score) significantly predicted these visits (aOR, 3.90 (2.75-5.55)). In total, 120 people (13%) received SPC during their last three months of life, which positively associated with risk for frailty, (aOR); 2.65 (1.43-4.94, p=0.002). In total, 284 people (31%) died in acute hospital settings. Among community-dwellers, male gender and frailty were strongly associated with acute hospital deaths (aOR, 1.90 (1.15-3.13, p=0.01) and 3.70 (1.96-6.98, p<0.0001)).
Conclusions: Rates of ER visits at end of life and hospital deaths were relatively high in this population-based cohort. Considering a high disease burden, referral to SPC at end of life was relatively low. Sex-specific disparities in healthcare utilization are apparent. Identifying people with high risk for frailty could assist the planning of optimal end-of-life care for people with PD.
Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Attention Mechanism WDNN and Gated Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Han Shiqian , Pang Jingwen , Wang Jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this paper, the traditional diagnostic methods cannot make full use of the temporal nature of the data, and the characteristics of the traditional convolutional neural network CNN are not sensitive to the temporal information feature extraction in the vibration signals, the proposed method based on the Wide and Deep Convolutional Neural Network (WDCNN) and the Gated Recurrent Neural Network(Gated Recurrent Neural Network, GRU) and the WDCNN-SENet-DGRU model combined with the SENet channel attention mechanism. The WDCNN improves the model's ability to extract spatial features from sequence data by widening the kernel size of the first layer of the traditional convolutional neural network; the SENet channel attention mechanism improves the extraction of spatial features from sequence data through the feature recalibration mechanism; and the SENet channel attention mechanism improves the extraction of spatial features from sequence data through the feature recalibration mechanism. The mechanism further improves the feature expression ability of the WDCNN network by increasing the weights of key features through the feature recalibration mechanism; the long-term dependencies in the time series data can be better captured using the GRU neural network and compared with the long and short-term memory network LSTM, the GRU has fewer parameters, which makes it easier to train. The experimental results show that the method can reach 100% accuracy on the training set and 99.59% on the test set, which has better fault diagnosis capability than other models.
Enhancing structural health monitoring: Utilising Strains to Detect Cracks in Simply-Supported steel beam
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Q. , Nguyen Thuy T. , Nguyen Phuoc T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study focusses on using strains to detect the presence of cracks in simply supported steel beam, highlighting the importance of strains as a reliable metric to monitor structural health. Unlike traditional methods that rely primarily on vibration responses, this research explores the sensitivity of strain measurements in identifying and evaluating damage. Experimental tests were carried out on beams with variety of crack depths and positions, subjected to static and dynamic loads. The findings reveal that, while the fundamental frequency of the beam remains unchanged until significant damage occurs, deformation values exhibit pronounced changes throughout the test, highlighting their higher sensitivity in detecting damage. This method demonstrates its versatility in various engineering applications, including bridge structures and machinery systems. Integration of strain-based monitoring into automated systems improves efficiency and consistency, reduces human errors, and optimises maintenance processes. This study underscores the potential of using strains for proactive structural health management, which contributes to the safety, performance, and longevity of infrastructure. By advancing strain-based techniques, research paves the way for more robust and reliable methods in damage detection and structural assessment.
Uterine histomorphological and immunohistochemical investigation during follicular phase of estrous cycle in Saidi sheep
Authors: Abd-Elkareem Mahmoud , Khormi Mohsen A. , Alfattah Mohammed A. , Hassan Mervat S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Saidi sheep are one of the most important farm animals in Upper Egypt, particularly in the Assiut governorate. Since they can provide meat, milk, fiber, and skins from low-quality roughages, sheep are among the most economically valuable animals bred for food in Egypt. Regarding breeding, relatively little is known about the Saidi breed. The uterus is an important organ for reproduction in mammals. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to provide further details on the histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses of the uterus during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle. In order to examine the histological changes in the uterus, 11 healthy Saidi ewes (38.5 ± 2.03 kg weight) ranging in age from 2 to 5 years were used.
Results
In Saidi sheep, the uterine histological and immunological picture during follicular phase of estrous cycle was characterized by epithelial and stromal proliferation and apoptosis. Leucocytic recruitment (lymphocytes, plasma cells and mast cells) was also observed. The most prominent features of the follicular phase were uterine gland adenogenesis, vascular angiogenesis, and oxidative marker expression, epithelial, stromal and muscular expression of PRA.
Conclusion
This study provides new evidences of the uterine morphological and immunohistochemical picture of the Saidi sheep during the follicular phase of the estrus cycle. These findings have growing significance to understand the key mechanisms that is characteristic of successful reproduction in Saidi sheep in order to enhance fertility and reproductive health of this livestock species.
Novel mechanistic understanding that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is more capable of improving the ensiling performance of wheat straw silage than xylanase by driving certain key metabolites
Authors: Yu Haoran , Hu Richa , Jia Yushan , Xiao Yanzi , Du Shuai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Microbial and enzyme additives can improve silage performance, but there is limited comparative research on the effects of microbial and enzyme additives on improving silage fermentation quality, and the underlying microbial and metabolic mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigate the effects without inoculants (CK treatment) or with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP treatment), xylanase (XY treatment) and their combination (LPXY treatment) on the fermentation quality, as well as on the microbial communities and metabolite profiles of the wheat straw silage. The results demonstrated that the LP treatment has a better effect on improving the fermentation quality of wheat straw silage compared to other treatments, as evidenced by markedly (p< 0.05) decreased the pH, acid detergent and neutral fiber (ANF, NDF), and increased the lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) concentrations. After the fermentation process, the LP treatment significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the abundance of Lactobacillus, reduced bacterial Shannon (p < 0.05) and increased some key metabolites content. The structural equation models (SEMs) and Pearson’s correlation results proved that the LP treatment drives the wheat straw silage fermentation quality via increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus, decreasing the diversity of bacterial community and enriching the content of certain key metabolites. The present study provides mechanistic evidence that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum additive is superior to xylanase additive and their combination on improving fermentation quality of wheat straw silage, that is, by enriching certain key metabolites to increase AA and LA concentrations, providing a reference for the cross study of silage feed fermentation microbiome and metabolome.
Person-, Job-, and Environment-Related Factors Associated with Long-Term Job Retention of People with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Kudla Angelika , Dinelli Emily J. , Capraro Pamela , Crown Deborah , Sheth Manasi , Trierweiler Robert , Munsell Elizabeth , Wong Jasin , Heinemann Allen W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Employment provides people with physical disabilities (PWPD) financial independence, enhances their well-being, self-worth, and facilitates a sense of purpose. However, the unemployment rate for PWPD is significantly higher than for their nondisabled peers. There is limited knowledge regarding what factors help people with disabilities retain employment beyond the standard 90-day job probationary period. Thus, we investigated person-, job-, and environment-related factors that contribute to long-term job retention for four years or more among PWPD.
Methods: We recruited a national sample of 1,500 PWPD who had work experience after disability onset from panels assembled by a market research organization. We compared a subsample that maintained their longest held job for at least four years with those who had not using multivariate Poisson regression. Three models evaluated the association between job retention and (1) person-, (2) job-, and (3) environment-related factors.
Results: Likelihood of job retention was greater for respondents reporting fatigue or emotional problems (vs. pain), advancement opportunities, and receipt of job accommodations. Concerns about limited career advancement opportunities, concerns about disclosing a disability to coworkers, and difficult work commutes were associated with shorter job retention.
Conclusion: Several person-, job-, and environment-related factors play an important role in promoting job retention of people with physical disabilities. Employers, job coaches, and rehabilitation professionals should consider these factors when developing strategies to support the retention of PWPD. Future studies should examine the relationship between these factors and their associations with the employment outcomes of PWPD across work settings and industries.
Green synthesized Fe-NPs ameliorate drought stress in Spinacia oleracea L. through improved photosynthetic capacity, redox balance, and antioxidant defense
Authors: Naseem Javeria , Shah Anis Ali , Usman Sheeraz , Gatasheh Mansour K. , Shafique Shiffa , Javad Sumera 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The global agricultural sector is under tremendous pressure due to population growth and the consequent demand for food. Drought stress is a hazardous threat to agricultural crops around the globe. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is cultivated worldwide. Spinach is a leafy vegetable and vulnerable to drought stress for having higher water content. Drought stress altered its biochemical composition and stunted its growth. The present study was designed to highlight the ameliorative role of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) against drought stress. A pot experiment was performed in which three irrigation levels with 100, 50 and 25% field capacity were used. Fe-NPs were synthesized by green synthesis method using rice straw. The synthesized Fe-NPs were analyzed by various techniques including UV, SEM, FTIR, XRD and EDX. Foliar application of Fe-NPs (40 mg/L) was employed. Along with this foliar spray of iron salt (FeSO4; 40 mg/L) was also applied for comparative analysis. Stressed-spinach plants showed a reduction in growth parameters, whereas Fe-NPs readily stimulated growth of stressed plants. Growth parameters (fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, number of leaves and leaf area), relative water content, total proteins, photosynthesis related attributes (ΦPSII, chlorophyll florescence, chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids) and nutrients uptake decreased because of drought stress. Furthermore, drought stress shows a significant increase in proline, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and enzymatic antioxidants. Application of Fe-NPs increased photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity and mineral nutrient intake, which in turn improved membrane function. Moreover, it decreased the excess ROS generation brought on by drought stress. The nutritional status of plants and the generation of secondary metabolites (proline & total phenolics) was also enhanced by Fe-NPs. These findings suggest that Fe-NPs could be a helpful tool for lessening the harmful consequences of drought stress. Fe-NPs boosted growth and stimulated antioxidant defense mechanisms to mitigate the negative consequences of drought stress.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Camalexin in Benomyl- induced Parkinson’s Disease in Mice: In vitro, In vivo and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Insights
Authors: Manasa K , Tamilanban T , Sandhanam K , Alagarsamy V , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Tualeka Abdul Rohim , Dhanasekaran Sivaraman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Camalexin was selected in this study due to its ALDH-enhancing gene and its aldehyde dehydrogenase and dopamine protective roles have been evaluated. Also, the role of Benomyl in affecting the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme (both ALDH1A1 and ALDH2) was countered with the effect of pesticides on the neurological system of humans. The work aims to provide a suitable multi-targeted molecule that can be used as a supplement for the existing PD drugs by evaluating its role using invitro cell lines, animal and alternative to animal models. MTT assay was performed using SH-SY5Y cell lines and IC50 of camalexin was determined. The role of Camalexin in promoting ALDH1A1 was exposed by utilizing DOPAL and alpha-synuclein as PD markers in western blot studies. Real-time PCR was performed to determine the promoting of ALDH2 gene expression in the SH-SY5Y cells by Camalexin. Camalexin was proven to be beneficial in promoting the motor coordination and improve the cognitive parameters in mice studies. The dopamine and serotonin concentration were improved; whereas, mono amino oxidases were reduced by Camalexin treatment in animals. Camalexin was shown to hold a prominent role in reduction of free radicals (lipid peroxidation products) and improving the anti-oxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX, GSH) and the brain samples were histopathologically analyzed for the α-synuclein deposits. camalexin holds promise as a supplementary treatment for PD, with potential benefits for ALDH enhancement, neuroprotection, and oxidative stress reduction.
A Hybrid Approach Combining Phase Space Reconstruction with Random Forest, KNN, and LSTM for Reducing Prediction Lag in Lake Water Level Forecasting
Authors: Yuan Bo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The Great Lakes are vital freshwater resource for both the United States and Canada. Therefore, the importance of this research lies in its potential to provide timely and accurate information for decision-makers. Improved water level predictions can aid in flood risk management, optimize water resource allocation, and support ecological conservation efforts. This study was conducted to completely eliminate traditional machine learning models’ lag effects with phase space reconstruction (PSR). The prediction was conducted using historical monthly mean water level datasets of Lake Ontario for the period 1918–2023, divided into training (1918–2002) and testing (2003–2023) datasets. The results revealed that PSR- RF outperform the standard random forest, KNN and LSTM models across all metrics, including Correlation Coefficient (0.999), Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (0.998), Root Mean Squared Error (0.014), Coefficient of Determination (0.998), and the slope and intercept of the regression equation (𝑦 = 0.98𝑥+1.484).
A efficient direct regeneration strategy of LixNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (0 &lt; x &lt; 1) cathode
Authors: Huang Li , Huang Junjie , Lian Hongxia , Wu Yiyun , Wang Zhifu , Wang Hao , Deng Heming , Cheng Qi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper provides a method for recycling spent lithium-ion battery cathode material NCM622, which is extremely innovative and simple to implement. The capacity of degraded NCM622 can be restored to the initial capacity by relithiation the degraded NCM622 with LiNO3-LiOH as the lithium salt. X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are adopted to evaluate the properties of the regenerated NCM622. The capacity-degraded cathode particles with significant Li loss (≈ 20%) and capacity degradation (≈ 26.3%) can be successfully regenerated to achieve their original composition and crystal structures, leading to effective recovery of their capacity, cycling stability, and rate capability to the levels of the pristine materials the first discharge capacity of pristine, capacity-degraded, regenerated was 172.5 mAh/g, 127.1 mAh/g, 170.5 mAh/g (0.1 C). After cycling for 100 cycles at 1 C, the discharge capacity of all samples was 130. 5 mAh/g, 38.0 mAh/g, 133.1 mAh/g. This method can be widely used to recycle and regenerate NCM cathodes on a large scale of recycling from industrial production of LIBs.
The battle of Cardinium and Wolbachia in double-infected mite cultures
Authors: Hubert Jan , Glowska Eliza , Pekar Stano 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Cultures of the stored product mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae are often single-infected by one of intracellular bacteria Cardinium or Wolbachia. No naturally occurring multi-infected Cardinium and Wolbachia a T. putrescentiae mites are known. Under laboratory conditions, we mixed two single-infected mite cultures of each endosymbiont to obtain four multi-infected cultures and to test the intraspecific competition among individuals under the influence of Cardinium and Wolbachia. The mite population growth, as a fitness indicator, and endosymbiont prevalence were estimated repeatedly during five months, repeated in three separate experiments. The fitness of four single-infected populations varied significantly. The proportion of infected individuals was higher in the two Cardinium infected populations than in the two Wolbachia infected populations. The fitness of multi-infected populations fluctuated over time in all three experiments. After six months of experiments, Cardinium infected individuals prevailed in 50% of the populations, the Wolbachia infected individuals prevailed in 41.7%, and asymbiotic individuals in 8.3% of populations (N = 12). The fitness of two multi-infected populations was like the fitness of single-infected populations. In one of them, the proportion of Cardinium or Wolbachia infected individuals was, on average, similar during the experiment. At the same time, symbionts disappeared, resulting in the majority of asymbiotic individuals in the second population. No correlation between symbionts proportion and mite fitness was found. The results indicated that the outcome of the battle between Cardinium and Wolbachia is strongly stochastic at the population level.