bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research productivity regarding psychosocial aspects of diabetes from India
Authors: Varadarajulu Rachel , Aravinda K. , Kumar K.V.S. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Introduction: psychosocial factors play an important role in chronic ailments like diabetes. Unfortunately, there is limited research in the area of diabetes and the published literature is scanty from India. In this study, we assessed the research productivity on psychosocial aspects of diabetes from India.
Materials and Methods: the online database of PUBMED was searched using the search terms ‘psychosocial′, ‘diabetes’ in any field and ‘India’ in the author affiliation field. The available articles were studied further for analyzing the research productivity.
Results: the number of available articles dealing with the psychosocial aspect of diabetes are 16 that constitute only 0.08% of the total papers in PUBMED. The articles were mostly in the form of original articles (13 out of 16) and the remaining three constituted a case report, review, and medical hypothesis. The majority of the articles originated from Delhi, Chennai, and Visakhapatnam.
Conclusion: the research productivity from India is lacking in the psychosocial aspects of diabetes. The imbalance is marked as we have the highest disease burden and urgent measures are required to cover the gaps in the research.
Community level diabetes management through public private partnership initiative in Gujarat-results from Changing Diabetes® Barometer
Authors: Shah Asha , Zargar Samir , D'Souza Clifford 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroduction: Diabetes is a huge and growing problem in developed and developing countries. For tackle this situation in effective manner a new approach is required in diabetes health-care setup.Objectives: To understand the changing diabetes® barometer program impact in Ahmedabad district, Gujarat.Materials and Methods: A total of 12,140 screened populations at five primary health centers from June 2012 to August 2012 are used in this report.Results: 13.1% diabetic and 11.3% pre-diabetes (PD) population were found in the screening camps. Diabetes detection rate was more among males (16.4%) and geriatric population (21.9%). High correlation was observed for people with diabetes and PD with high body mass index and high waist-to-hip ratio. Two-third of the total people turned out to the screening camps was found to be either hypertensive or pre-hypertensive. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) results shown that nearly half of the diabetes patients (57.7%) having HbA1c more than or equal to 9%.Conclusion: Government of Gujarat and Novo Nordisk Education Foundation has jointly demonstrated to create awareness and education on diabetes management in the Ahmedabad district under private public partnership framework.
Process evaluation of glucometer based diabetes screening initiative in India: Early experiences from North India
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Trusty Khumukcham , Singh Amarjeet 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Background: Government of India, launched population based screening for diabetes under the National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardio-vascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS). There is a need to get early feedback and to fine tune this program.
Aims and Objectives: (1) To assess the current status of the implementation of NPCDCS piloted at sub-center level in one district of Haryana. (2) To assess the views of health workers and community leaders regarding this newly launched program.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was carried in selected villages of Ambala district in North India from July 2012 to December 2012. The study used in-depth interview with screened persons and health-care workers of the study area. Field notes were taken. Informal conversations with community leaders were held.
Results: Residents were not made aware of screening activity prior to and after launching of the health program. There was anxiety among residents regarding screening. There was no focus on health promotion activities. There was a shortage of self-diagnostic kits for screening diabetes.
Conclusion: Adequate priming of the population was not carried out before launching the NPCDCS program. Validation of kit is questionable. Continuity of medical care in patients screened for diabetes was missing.
Diabetes @ the Kumbh Mela
Authors: Bajaj Sarita , Srivastava Anubha , Varma Anurag , Kalra Sanjay 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSpirituality is a globally acknowledged concept. It involves belief and obedience to an all powerful force or “God,” who controls the universe and the destiny of man. It involves the ways in which people fulfill what they hold to be the purpose of their lives, a search for the meaning of life and a sense of connectivity to the universe. Can this be better utilized for appreciation of and better management of chronic illnesses? Mahakumbh is a holy Hindu festival, which brings together up to 50 million devotees, every 12 years. The 2-month-long ritual of prayer and fasting occurs at the confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati rivers, at Allahabad in Northern India. This mammoth festival exposes vulnerability to the diabetic devotees who visit it, while providing opportunity to manage the condition as well. This article discusses both vulnerability and opportunity related to diabetes at the Kumbh Mela.
Socio-cultural aspects of type 1 diabetes in Egypt: Where are we and where do we need to be?
Authors: Aly Hanan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSocio-cultural factors play a pivotal role in the control of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents, especially in developing countries like Egypt. The financial burden of this chronic illness, together with the modulations needed in lifestyle affect the family and school dynamics, adding further stress on the diabetic individual and his/her family. The key to improved outcome (not only in terms of glycemic control but also quality of life) has two arms. The first one is having a diabetes team with a psychologist skilled in this area for clear and positive communication with both the family and school from the time of diagnosis. The second one is the implementation of government laws to enforce the rights of diabetic children and adolescents.
Achievement of Exercise Objectives and Satisfaction with the Walk with Ease Program—Group and Self-Directed Participants
Authors: Nyrop Kirsten A. , Cleveland Rebecca , Callahan Leigh F. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose. This study presents group (instructor-led) and self-directed (nongroup) participant achievement of exercise objectives and satisfaction with the Arthritis Foundation's Walk With Ease (WWE) program at 6 weeks postintervention and 1-year follow-up. Design. Secondary data analysis. Setting. Rural and urban counties in North Carolina. Subjects. Four hundred sixty-two adults with self-reported joint pain/stiffness or physician-diagnosed arthritis, age ≥ 18 years, no serious medical condition, no cognitive impairments, English speaking. Intervention. WWE is a 6-week community-based walking program offered in two formats—group and self-directed. Measures. Self-report measures collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and 1 year. Analysis. Descriptive statistics, χ2 and t-tests. Results. Individuals self-selected either group (n = 192) or self-directed (n = 270) format. On average, participants were age 67, Caucasian (70%), and female (88%). Mean minutes per walk increased from 16.7 at baseline to 34.2 minutes at 1 year among group participants, and from 16.5 to 33.7 minutes among self-directed. At 1 year, 59.6% of group and 69.3% of self-directed participants reported continued walking (p = .06). Group participants were more likely than self-directed to do recommended stretching (p < .02) and warm-up/cool-down exercises (p < .01). Conclusion. Group and self-directed participants have similar self-reported walking outcomes but have some differences in their utilization of WWE recommendations.
Valid and Invalid Accelerometry Data among Children and Adolescents: Comparison across Demographic, Behavioral, and Biological Variables
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Smit Ellen , Cardinal Bradley J. , Crespo Carlos , Brodowicz Gary , Andersen Ross 
Published: July 2013

Purpose. To examine whether there are differences between demographic, behavioral, and biological variables for those with invalid accelerometry data (IAD) and those with valid accelerometry data (VAD) Design. Cross-sectional Setting. Data from 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used Subjects. Participants included 1,315 children (ie., 6–11 years) with VAD and 534 children with IAD and 1,859 adolescents (i.e., 12–17 years) with VAD and 1,057 with IAD. Measures. Physical activity (PA) was measured using an accelerometer, with questionnaires used to assess demographic and behavioral variables and biological parameters assessed from a blood sample Analysis. Wald and design-based likelihood ratio tests and logistic regression were used to assess differences between those subjects with IAD and those with VAD Results. After adjustments, overweight children, compared to normal weight children, were 1.6 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–2.29) times more likely to have IAD. After adjustments, and as an example, adolescents engaging in 4 or more hours of computer use per day, compared to no computer use, were 2.6 (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.38–5.18) times more likely to have IAD. Conclusion. Excluding youth with IAD may introduce bias, limit generalizability, and ultimately underestimate the association between PA and health outcomes Future research is needed to identify reasons for poor monitoring compliance.
Evaluation and Comparison of Effect of Delmopinol Application on Adherence of Candida albicans on Denture Fitting Surface on Three Types of Acrylic Resin: An in vitro Study
Authors: Shakya Prabha , Jain Deshraj , Rahangdale Tripty 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Denture-related stomatitis is probably the most common form of oral candidiasis and its reported prevalence varies widely ranging up to 65%. In this in vitro study, we evaluate the effect of delmopinol application on Candida albicans adherence on heat-cured acrylic resin, cold-cured acrylic resin and microwave-cured acrylic resin.

Materials and methods
A total of 40 specimens of each type of acrylic resin were made; 20 specimens of each type were contaminated before delmopinol treatment and 20 specimens were contaminated after delmopinol treatment. The each specimen in each tube was individually transferred to a spectrophotometer at 530 nm wavelength in order to measure the turbidity degree, through the transmittance. Aliquots of 10 μl of each tube was then collected and inoculated into agar Sabouraud plates containing 500 mmol/l of sucrose, which was incubated for 24 hours at 37oC, in order to check microbial growth. Two-way ANOVA analysis of variance test and posthoc Turkey's test were carried out to ascertain the level of significance (p < 0.001) of various observations.

Results
Mean of the turbidity degree of contamination after delmopinol application for heat-cured acrylic resin specimens (A1) 1440.80, colony forming units (CFU) (⨯106/ml), cold-cured acrylic resin specimens (B1) 833.30 CFU (⨯106/ml) and microwave-cured acrylic resin specimens (C1) 944.70 CFU (⨯106/ml) was significantly higher than the mean of the turbidity degree of contamination before delmopinol application for heatcured acrylic resin specimens (A2) 550.85 CFU (⨯106/ml), coldcured acrylic resin specimens (B2) 341.45 CFU (⨯106/ml) and microwave-cured acrylic resin specimens (C2) 451.50 CFU (⨯106/ml).

Conclusion
In case of contamination after delmopinol application, heat-cured acrylic resin showed maximum reduction in adherence of C. albicans in the study.

How to cite this article
Shakya P, Jain D, Rahangdale T. Evaluation and Comparison of Effect of Delmopinol Application on Adherence of Candida albicans on Denture Fitting Surface on Three Types of Acrylic Resin: An in vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(4):129-135.
Evaluation of Hemocompatibility of Titanium after Various Surface Treatments: An in vitro Study
Authors: BhavanChand Yemineni , Ranzani R , Annapoorani H 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate the hemocompatibility of titanium after various surface treatments.

Materials and methods
A total of 27 disk-shaped specimens (3 ⨯ 10.0 mm) were prepared from a cylindrical rod of medical grade titanium. The disks were divided into three groups, of which one was considered as the control (mechanical surface polished surface). The other groups being sandblasted disks and anodized disks. Surface evaluation was done for sandblasted and anodized disks with scanning electron microscope. The specimens were placed in polystyrene culture plates and agitated with phosphate buffered saline for 5 minutes before they were exposed to blood taken from human volunteer. The materials were under 30 minutes agitation at 75 ± 5 rpm using an Environ shaker thermostated at 35 ± 20°C. The total hemoglobin from the initial sample was measured using automatic hematology analyzer. Percentage hemolysis, thrombin time, platelet adhesion and activation were assessed. Significant differences between different treated titanium materials were determined using Minitab® Version 15.1.1.0. A two-sample t-test was performed to find the p-values for different groups of data.

Results
After 30 minutes of agitation, cells began to spread on the test surfaces. There was a clear reduction in the number of platelets before and after exposure to titanium samples. Reduction of leukocytes was seen to a least extent on the anodized surface. Rough surface induced higher hemolysis than other groups. Platelet reduction and leukocyte reduction in all the three surfaces was quite higher than that obtained for reference plate. Surface variation has no significance on the thrombogenic capabilities of medical grade titanium (p < 0.05).

Significance
The hemocompatibility of medical grade titanium did not vary with different surface modifications.

How to cite this article
BhavanChand Y, Ranzani R, Annapoorani H. Evaluation of Hemocompatibility of Titanium after Various Surface Treatments: An in vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(4):136-142.
A Simplified Approach of Customized Acrylic Nasal Stent Fabrication
Authors: Arya Deeksha , Tripathi Shuchi , Singh Raghuwar D , Singh Saumyendra V 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
Post-traumatic nasal obstruction is a common phenomenon which leads to difficulty in breathing and thus affecting the patient's life expectation. Even after surgical correction, a nasal stent is needed to hold the valve area. The present article describes modifications in nasal stent fabrication which provides adequate retention, accuracy and ease in insertion and removal.

How to cite this article
Tripathi S, Singh RD, Singh SV, Arya D. A Simplified Approach of Customized Acrylic Nasal Stent Fabrication. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(4):143-145.
Modified Neutral Zone Technique for the Partial Mandibulectomy Patient
Authors: Arya Deeksha , Tripathi Shuchi , Singh Saumyendra V , Singh Vibha 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
Surgical removal of tumors in the mandible leads to discontinuity of bone which requires surgical reconstruction of the defect to provide a suitable tissue foundation for an acceptable prosthesis. At times when reconstructive surgeries are not possible, prosthetic rehabilitation is a successful alternative. In the present article, prosthetic rehabilitation using neutral zone technique has been discussed in the patient of marginal mandibulectomy.

Methods
The fabrication procedure of the removable partial denture was modified to achieve adequate retention and stability in a 22-year-old female patient with the anterior mandibulectomy. Polished surface contours and tooth positioning were recorded with modified neutral zone technique and mandibular teeth were characterized to provide esthetics.

Conclusion
The modified neutral zone technique enhanced the stability of the partial denture. A marked improvement in esthetics, function and psychology was noticed.

How to cite this article
Tripathi S, Singh V, Singh SV, Arya D. Modified Neutral Zone Technique for the Partial Mandibulectomy Patient. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(4):146-149.
Complications and their Management in Implantology
Authors: Vaidya Smita , Khalikar Arun , Dange Shankar P , Desai Rujit 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
Implant prosthodontics will become straightforward if the fixture position and angulation are ideal. But the prosthetic treatment may be complicated by component and framework breakage, inadequate tissue support, poor implant position and angulation. Complications during maintenance of implant supported prostheses have considerable clinical and laboratory implications. It is important for the practitioner who uses implants to have an understanding of the type and frequency of complications that may arise.
This paper focuses on the common complications in treatments involving the use of implants and also considers the modalities for its management. The practitioner should be fully aware of any possible complications prior to treatment and inform the patient accordingly. In most cases it is possible to avoid complications by careful attention to diagnosis, treatment planning and good surgical and prosthodontic planning.

How to cite this article
Vaidya S, Khalikar A, Dange SP, Desai R. Complications and their Management in Implantology. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(4):150-155.
EFL In-service Yemeni Teachers’ Perceptions and Perspectives on the Importance of Teaching Stress and Intonation as Supra-segmental Features of Speech and Sound attributes to the Process of Comprehension: A Survey-Study
Authors: Al-Shamiry Rafiq , Alduais Ahmed M. S. 
Published: July 2013

Purposes: To obtain the EFL in-service Yemeni teachers’ perceptions and perspectives on the importance of teaching stress and intonation as supra-segmental features of speech and sound-attributes to the process of comprehension. Methods: 40 EFL teachers who were identified as in-service teachers in both public and private schools at IBB city, Yemen (20 Arts’ graduates and 20 Education’s graduates, both males and females) participated in this survey-study. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 20 items - aiming at achieving the above stated objective was distributed to the participants. Results: The 17th version of SPSS, descriptive statistics, mainly percentages and frequency tools were used to analyse the collected data. The statistical data indicated that a large number of the in-service teachers are incompetent in the supra-segmental features of speech, yet demonstrated negative attitudes towards the importance of using applying such features. Though there is an attempt to communicate in English language, there is no clear consideration for the use of these features of speech. Syllabus’ update, motivation and teachers’ fluency, and teachers overall qualification are the the responsible factors behind the failure of practice and appropriate use of these features. Educational system, social situation, major differences between the two phonological systems of the Arabic and English languages, and difficulty of these features of speech are the discouraging factors respectively from the teachers’ perspective. Developing teaching methods, laboratories, and frequent evaluation were the proposed encouraging factors from the teachers’ perspective. Conclusions: The study is concluded with that a large number of the in-service school’s teachers are incompetent in terms of supra-segmental features of speech due to focus on other language elements other than communication. Most of the teachers are not fluent and this supports their tendency to ignore applying yet showing the importance of these features to their learners - an ability which they themselves are not competent in.
Ambiguity: aspects of the wave–particle duality
Authors: STEPANSKY BARBARA K. 
Published: July 2002

As has become evident from historical studies, science does
not proceed in the coherent and
predictable way that basic science texts would have us believe. I will
argue that an excellent
counter-example is an episode from the historical development of
quantum mechanics in
which the incompatibility of the particle and the wave representations
of the electron and
light were destined to be encompassed by two mathematically equivalent,
but conceptually quite different theories.I shall argue that the appearance of two such different, yet equivalent,
quantum theories
was not surprising at all and I claim even predictable. As Einstein himself
wrote in 1909:
‘It is my opinion that the next phase in the development of theoretical
physics will bring
us a theory of light that can be interpreted as a kind of fusion of the
wave and the [particle] theory.’
Certainly, the interpretative content of Werner Heisenberg's and Erwin
Schrödinger's theories could not have been more different.
By mid-1926, the theoretical
foundations had been laid for a scientific and emotional battleground
between the particle
and the wave. I suggest that an important element in the debate was
not the incompatibility
itself but actually coming to terms with ambiguity in science. For,
in the end, ambiguous and vague interpretations of the same phenomena became
part of
science, where science
was supposed to give a clear and unambiguous description of nature.
Comment: practical proposals by scientists for
reforming the machinery of scientific advice, 1914–17
Authors: VARCOE IAN 
Published: July 2002

In selecting among the many statements that were made in the ‘War of Words’, it is important
to choose only those that contained practical proposals for administrative reform and
redirection of Government policy. Only then can we assess the extent to which they were
in tune with or diverged from the plans being developed within the Board of Education.
These were the ones that, because of their focused nature, draftspersons in the Board of
Education might conceivably have felt constrained to take into account, and either to
incorporate in, or exclude from, their own designs. In this way it is possible to be precise
about what scientists wanted in 1914–17, and to estimate their degree of realism and the
likely scope of their influence.The Fellows of the Royal Society and the Chemical and Engineering societies must, Sir
William Ramsay (FRS, chemist) urged in October 1914, be co-ordinated. They need, he
said, to ‘work together at what for us is the supreme problem of all – how to conquer the
Germans?’. The British Science Guild was to be included and the Royal Society was to
‘set the example’. Committees should be created; experts from other societies were to be
added.In March 1915 Ramsay prepared a ‘Draft Scheme for a Chemical Council of State’. It
was to comprise twenty-four members, one-third technical chemists, one-third scientific
investigators and one-third analytical and consulting chemists. It was to collect information
on all aspects of the industry; to bring universities into contact with manufacturers; and
to advise Government. Members were to be paid a small retainer. Agents were to be
employed to visit factories and colleges. Eight members were to retire each year. The
proposed Council was ‘to resemble to some extent a Royal Commission’. It would be
appointed for ten years in the first instance. It would report annually to the Crown, but
would not be attached to any Government department, although it would be associated
with several. Non-political, it would be appointed by and directly responsible to the
Crown. The president of the Royal Society would initially nominate two technical chemists
and two scientific chemists. They, chaired by him, would choose twenty others.