bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fisher information matrix: A tool for dimension reduction, projection pursuit, independent component analysis, and more
Authors: Lindsay Bruce G. , Yao Weixin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHui & Lindsay (2010) proposed a new dimension reduction method for multivariate data. It was based on the so‐called white noise matrices derived from the Fisher information matrix. Their theory and empirical studies demonstrated that this method can detect interesting features from high‐dimensional data even with a moderate sample size. The theoretical emphasis in that paper was the detection of non‐normal projections. In this paper we show how to decompose the information matrix into non‐negative definite information terms in a manner akin to a matrix analysis of variance. Appropriate information matrices will be identified for diagnostics for such important modern modelling techniques as independent component models, Markov dependence models, and spherical symmetry. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 712–730; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Two‐Photon Fluorescent Imaging of Myelination in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Condie Allison G. , Gerson Stanton L. , Miller Robert H. , Wang Yanming 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMyelination is a fundamental biological process in the vertebrate nervous system. Damage to or malformation of myelin can lead to various neurological diseases; for example, demyelination in the spinal cord is a major cause of paralysis of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis and related diseases. The ability to directly track myelin levels in the spinal cord is needed in order to assess the efficacy of therapeutics in promoting myelin repair. To address this unmet need, 4‐((E)‐4‐((E)‐4‐aminostyryl)‐2,5‐dimethoxystyryl)‐N‐methylaniline, known as Case Imaging Compound (CIC), has been developed as a myelin‐targeted fluorescent imaging agent that selectively binds to myelin. CIC was synthesized via an improved route and evaluated as a fluorescent probe for two‐photon fluorescent imaging of myelin in the spinal cord in both demyelinated and dysmyelinated models. In vitro and ex vivo tissue staining both suggest that CIC selectively binds to in animal models. Further evaluation in animal models indicated that CIC is sensitive to differences in myelin content in healthy versus pathological myelin. CIC could potentially be useful in the development and evaluation of novel therapies for multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases.
Effect of C7 Modifications on Benzothiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxide Derivatives on Their Inhibitory Activity and Selectivity toward Aldose Reductase
Authors: Zhang Shuzhen , Chen Xin , Parveen Shagufta , Hussain Saghir , Yang Yanchun , Jing Chaojun , Zhu Changjin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe development and progression of chronic complications in diabetic patients, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cataracts, and stroke, are related to the activation and/or overexpression of aldose reductase (ALR2), which is a member of the aldo–keto reductase superfamily. A structure–activity relationship study focused on the C7 position of 1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxide derivatives was pursued in an attempt to discover ALR2 inhibitors with enhanced potency and selectivity. These studies led to a series of new C7‐substituted compounds, which were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against ALR2; they exhibited IC50 values in the range of 2.80–45.13 nM. Two compounds with a C7‐dimethylcarbamoyl and a C7‐diethylcarbamoyl substituent, respectively, were found to be the most active and presented excellent selectivity for ALR2 over aldehyde reductase (ALR1). The structure–activity relationship analyses and molecular modeling studies presented herein highlight the importance of hydrophobic and bulky groups at the C7 position for inhibitory activity and selectivity toward ALR2.
High expression of Dickkopf‐related protein 1 is related to lymphatic metastasis and indicates poor prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients after surgery
Authors: Shi Ruo‐Yu , Yang Xin‐Rong , Shen Qiu‐Jin , Yang Liu‐Xiao , Xu Yang , Qiu Shuang‐Jian , Sun Yun‐Fan , Zhang Xin , Wang Zheng , Zhu Kai , Qin Wen‐Xin , Tang Zhao‐You , Fan Jia , Zhou Jian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Dickkopf‐related protein 1 (DKK1) has been reported involved in metastasis and invasion in several tumors. This study sought to investigate the prognostic value of DKK1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and its role in promoting ICC metastasis.METHODS:Tissue microarrays of 138 ICC patient samples were employed to detect DKK1, vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF‐C), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression using immunohistochemistry. The prognostic significances were assessed by Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates. DKK1 expression was measured in an ICC cell line (HCCC‐9810) and ICC tissues by immunofluorescence assay, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot. Serum levels of DKK1 from 37 ICC patients were tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The role of DKK1 in proliferation, migration, invasion, and gene expression regulation was assessed by DKK1 depletion using small interfering RNA.RESULTS:Multivariate analyses revealed that DKK1 was an unfavorable predictor for overall survival and time to recurrence. The prognostic significance was retained in ICC patients with low recurrence risk (P < .05). DKK1 expression was elevated in an ICC cell line, tumor samples, and patient sera. High levels of DKK1 in ICC tissues correlated with elevated MMP9, VEGF‐C, and metastasis of hepatic hilar lymph nodes. DKK1 depletion caused a decrease in cell migration and invasiveness, and down‐regulation of MMP9 and VEGF‐C expression.CONCLUSIONS:DKK1 is a novel prognostic biomarker for ICC, and it enhances tumor cell invasion and promotes lymph node metastasis of ICC through the induction of MMP9 and VEGF‐C. DKK1 may be a potential therapeutic target for ICC. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Changing trends in radiation therapy technologies in the last year of life for patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer in the United States
Authors: Guadagnolo B. Ashleigh , Huo Jinhai , Liao Kai‐Ping , Buchholz Thomas A. , Das Prajnan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Our goal was to investigate utilization trends for advanced radiation therapy (RT) technologies, such as intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), in the last year of life among patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer.METHODS:We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare linked databases to analyze claims data in the last 12 months of life for 64,525 patients diagnosed with metastatic breast, colorectal, lung, pancreas, and prostate cancers from 2000 to 2007. Logistic regression modeling was conducted to analyze potential demographic, health services, and treatment‐related variables' influences on receipt of advanced RT.RESULTS:Among the 19,161 (29.7%) patients who received radiation therapy, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of patients who received the simplest radiation technique (ie, 2D‐radiation therapy) (P < .0001), and significant increases in the proportions of patients receiving more advanced radiation techniques (ie, IMRT, and SRS; P < .0001 for all curves); although the rates for use of IMRT and SRS in 2007 remained under 5%. On multivariate analyses, receipt of RT varied significantly by non‐clinical characteristics such as race, marital status, neighborhood income, and SEER region. Patients who received hospice care in the last year of life were more likely to receive radiation therapy (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.30‐1.40) but less likely to be treated with IMRT (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.62‐0.92).CONCLUSIONS:Although the proportion of patients receiving RT in the last year of life for metastatic cancer did not change for most of the past decade, we observed significant trends toward more advanced radiation techniques. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Matrix‐Isolated Hydrogen‐Bonded and Van der Waals Complexes of Hydrogen Peroxide with OCS and CS2
Authors: Grzechnik Katarzyna , Mierzwicki Krzysztof , Mielke Zofia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMatrix isolation spectroscopy has been combined with ab initio calculations to characterize the 1:1 complexes of H2O2 with OCS and CS2. The infrared spectra of the argon and nitrogen matrices doped with H2O2 and OCS or CS2 have been measured and analyzed. The geometries of the complexes were optimized at the MP2/6‐311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. Four structures were found for the OCS‐H2O2 complex and five for the CS2‐H2O2 one; every pair of the corresponding structures showed close correspondence. For every optimized structure the interaction energy was partitioned according to the SAPT Scheme and the topological distribution of the charge density (AIM theory) was performed. The SAPT analysis and AIM results indicate that only one complex among the nine optimized ones is stabilized by the hydrogen bonding, namely the OCS‐H2O2 one with the OH group of H2O2 bonded to an oxygen atom of OCS. The other structures are stabilized by van der Waals interaction. The spectra analysis evidences that at least two types of the complexes are trapped in the argon matrices including the most stable ones: hydrogen bonded structure in the case of the OCS‐H2O2 complex and the structure stabilized by the S⋅⋅⋅H and C⋅⋅⋅O interactions in the case of the CS2‐H2O2 complex. The solid nitrogen environment triggers the formation of the structures of C2v symmetry with a sulfur atom of OCS or CS2 directed toward the center of OO bond of H2O2, stabilized by S⋅⋅⋅O interactions.
Exploring the Psychological Processes Underlying Touch: Lessons from the Alexander Technique
Authors: Jones T. , Glover L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe experience of touch is significant; both in its positive implications and in how it attracts caution and controversy. Accordingly, physical contact within psychological therapy has been shown to improve well‐being and the therapeutic relationship, yet the majority of therapists never or rarely use touch. This research aimed to explore psychological processes underlying touch through the Alexander Technique, a psycho‐physical technique taught one to one using touch. Six individuals who had received the Alexander Technique were interviewed, and 111 completed surveys. Interview data suggested an incompatibility between touch and the spoken word, which was understood through the way touch lacks verbal discourses in our society. The largely simplistic and dichotomous verbal understanding we have (either only very positive or very negative) could help understand some of the societal‐level caution surrounding touch. Touch was seen also as a nurturing experience by interviewees, which influenced inter‐personal and intra‐personal relational processes. Developmental models were used to frame the way touch strengthened the pupil–teacher relationship and the way pupils' intra‐personal psychological change seemed linked to this relational experience. The surveys largely supported these findings, and discussion is made around the notable way pupils negatively interpreted the intention of the survey. Implications for the use of touch in psychological therapies are discussed, as are limitations and ideas for future research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Touch is a powerful experience, and physical contact within psychological therapy has been shown to improve well‐being and the therapeutic relationship, yet the majority of therapists never or rarely use touch.
The AT is an alternative therapeutic approach to psycho‐physical well‐being that offers an interesting model to study the impact of touch.
Findings from those that have used the technique reaffirmed that touch can improve well‐being and can be a powerful force in the ‘therapeutic relationship’. Accounts drew strong parallels with developmental experiences, which may be of particular interest to those working psychodynamically.
Findings also highlighted the lack of discourses our culture has for touch and how the ones we share can be super‐imposed onto experiences. This should be kept in mind when discussing all types of physical contact with clients.
Outcomes from AT pupils cannot be generalized to those seeking psychological support; however, the findings accentuated the power of holistic working. This is important as we begin to understand more around how emotions are held in the body.
Granular Bamboo‐Derived Activated Carbon for High CO2 Adsorption: The Dominant Role of Narrow Micropores
Authors: Wei Haoran , Deng Shubo , Hu Bingyin , Chen Zhenhe , Wang Bin , Huang Jun , Yu Gang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCost‐effective biomass‐derived activated carbons with a high CO2 adsorption capacity are attractive for carbon capture. Bamboo was found to be a suitable precursor for activated carbon preparation through KOH activation. The bamboo size in the range of 10–200 mesh had little effect on CO2 adsorption, whereas the KOH/C mass ratio and activation temperature had a significant impact on CO2 adsorption. The bamboo‐derived activated carbon had a high adsorption capacity and excellent selectivity for CO2, and also the adsorption process was highly reversible. The adsorbed amount of CO2 on the granular activated carbon was up to 7.0 mmol g−1 at 273 K and 1 bar, which was higher than almost all carbon materials. The pore characteristics of activated carbons responsible for high CO2 adsorption were fully investigated. Based on the analysis of narrow micropore size distribution of several activated carbons prepared under different conditions, a more accurate micropore range contributing to CO2 adsorption was proposed. The volume of micropores in the range of 0.33–0.82 nm had a good linear relationship with CO2 adsorption at 273 K and 1 bar, and the narrow micropores of about 0.55 nm produced the major contribution, which could be used to evaluate CO2 adsorption on activated carbons.
Musashi1‐CreERT2: A new cre line for conditional mutagenesis in neural stem cells
Authors: Takeda Haruna , Koso Hideto , Tessarollo Lino , Copeland Neal G. , Jenkins Nancy A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe RNA‐binding protein Musashi1 (Msi1) is one of two mammalian homologues of DrosophilaMusashi, which is required for the asymmetric cell division of sensory organ precursor cells. In the mouse central nervous system (CNS), Msi1 is preferentially expressed in mitotically active progenitor cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the neural tube during embryonic development and in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the postnatal brain. Previous studies showed that cells in the SVZ can contribute to long‐term neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb (OB), but it remains unclear whether Msi1‐expressing cells have self‐renewing potential and can contribute to neurogenesis in the adult. Here, we describe the generation of Msi1‐CreERT2 knock‐in mice and show by cell lineage tracing that Msi1‐CreERT2‐expressing cells mark neural stem cells (NSCs) in both the embryonic and adult brain. Msi1‐CreERT2 mice thus represent a new tool in our arsenal for genetically manipulating NSCs, which will be essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying neural development. genesis, 51:128–134, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Commentary on ‘Medical interventions for treating anthracycline‐induced symptomatic and asymptomatic cardiotoxicity during and after treatment for childhood cancer’
Authors: Chow Eric J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Sieswerda E, van Dalen EC, Postma A, Cheuk DKL, Caron HN, Kremer LCM. Medical interventions for treating anthracycline‐induced symptomatic and asymptomatic cardiotoxicity during and after treatment for childhood cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD008011. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008011.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Deglaciation explains bat extinction in the Caribbean
Authors: Dávalos Liliana M. , Russell Amy L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEcological factors such as changing climate on land and interspecific competition have been debated as possible causes of postglacial Caribbean extinction. These hypotheses, however, have not been tested against a null model of climate‐driven postglacial area loss. Here, we use a new Quaternary mammal database and deep‐sea bathymetry to estimate species–area relationships (SARs) at present and during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) for bats of the Caribbean, and to model species loss as a function of area loss from rising sea level. Island area was a significant predictor of species richness in the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and Lesser Antilles at all time periods, except for the Lesser Antilles during the LGM. Parameters of LGM and current SARs were similar in the Bahamas and Greater Antilles, but not the Lesser Antilles, which had fewer estimated species during the LGM than expected given their size. Estimated postglacial species losses in the Bahamas and Greater Antilles were largely explained by inferred area loss from rising sea level in the Holocene. However, there were more species in the Bahamas at present, and fewer species in the smaller Greater Antilles, than expected given island size and the end‐Pleistocene/early Holocene SARs. Poor fossil sampling and ecological factors may explain these departures from the null. Our analyses illustrate the importance of changes in area in explaining patterns of species richness through time and emphasize the role of the SAR as a null hypothesis in explorations of the impact of novel ecological interactions on extinction.
Converting a Birch Reduction Product into a Polyketide: Application to the Synthesis of a C1–C11 Building Block of Rimocidin
Authors: Nachbauer Luc , Brückner Reinhard 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA stereoselective synthesis of a C1–C11 building block for the polyol‐polyene antibiotic rimocidin has been developed. Its functional groups originate from a disubstituted indane, which underwent Birch reduction, and oxidative cleavage. This provided a dihydropyranone with a β‐keto ester side‐chain. The latter was subjected to a Noyori hydrogenation (ds > 97:3). An oxy‐Michael addition gave a mixture of two spiroketals. Luche reduction then led to three spiroketals in an 80:10:10 ratio. The major spiroketal became isolable by separating one of the by‐products chromatographically and the other by a diastereomer‐selective thioketalization. The remaining spiroketal was ring‐opened to give a dithiolane. Its CO2Me group was converted into the 1,3‐dithiane unit of the target compound (i.e., 47) using an odor‐reducing work‐up procedure, which should prove to be generally useful.
Multiway Admixture Deconvolution Using Phased or Unphased Ancestral Panels
Authors: Churchhouse Claire , Marchini Jonathan 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWe describe a novel method for inferring the local ancestry of admixed individuals from dense genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data. The method, called MULTIMIX, allows multiple source populations, models population linkage disequilibrium between markers and is applicable to datasets in which the sample and source populations are either phased or unphased. The model is based upon a hidden Markov model of switches in ancestry between consecutive windows of loci. We model the observed haplotypes within each window using a multivariate normal distribution with parameters estimated from the ancestral panels. We present three methods to fit the model—Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling, the Expectation Maximization algorithm, and a Classification Expectation Maximization algorithm. The performance of our method on individuals simulated to be admixed with European and West African ancestry shows it to be comparable to HAPMIX, the ancestry calls of the two methods agreeing at 99.26% of loci across the three parameter groups. In addition to it being faster than HAPMIX, it is also found to perform well over a range of extent of admixture in a simulation involving three ancestral populations. In an analysis of real data, we estimate the contribution of European, West African and Native American ancestry to each locus in the Mexican samples of HapMap, giving estimates of ancestral proportions that are consistent with those previously reported.
Next day effects of naturalistic alcohol consumption on tasks of attention
Authors: McKinney Adele , Coyle Kieran , Penning Renske , Verster Joris C. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the next day effects of alcohol consumption on a range of attention tasks.MethodsThe study followed a counterbalanced repeated measure design, with participants tested the morning following normal/usual alcohol consumption and again the morning after no alcohol consumption. Participants were 48 social drinkers (15 men and 33 women), who performed attention tests at 9 am, 11 am, or 1 pm. Performance was assessed by tasks measuring sustained attention, divided attention, selective attention, and spatial attention and by the Stroop test.ResultsThe morning after alcohol consumption, a significantly higher proportion of missed targets was observed (F(1, 40) = 6.43, p < 0.05) in the sustained attention task. In the Stroop test, participants responded significantly slower (F(1, 42) = 8.72, p < 0.005) in the interference condition (when naming the color of the ink of the words) the morning after alcohol consumption. In the selective attention task, the consumption of alcohol the night before eliminated the robust distance by compatibility interaction, which was observed the morning after no alcohol consumption (F(1, 43) = 10.41, p < 0.01). No influence of alcohol was observed in the divided attention test nor in the spatial attention task.ConclusionAlcohol consumption has a negative impact on some but not all facets of attentional processing the morning after a normal nights drinking. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials and effects of psychopathology and psychopharmacotherapy in psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Ostermann Julia , Uhl Idun , Köhler Elke , Juckel Georg , Norra Christine 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveMany studies have provided evidence for the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) as a marker for central serotonergic activity but remained inconclusive for its suitability in clinical use.MethodsA cross‐sectional sample of 162 psychiatric inpatients (major depression N = 86, bipolar disorder N = 12, schizophrenia N = 50, and schizoaffective disorder N = 14) and 40 healthy subjects was retrospectively examined for LDAEP and effects of psychopathology and psychopharmacology.ResultsThe LDAEP was weaker in patients with affective disorders than in healthy subjects but did not differentiate between the total patient sample and healthy controls. LDAEP correlated significantly with dimensions of the Brief Symptom Inventory in the total patient sample (depression, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, Global Symptom Index, and Positive Symptom Distress Index), in patients with affective disorders (depression) and with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (depression, psychoticism, Global Symptom Index, and Positive Symptom Distress Index). Similar correlations were found in depressed patients with a single noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant or serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. There was a negative correlation between dosage of typical antipsychotics and LDAEP. Hypnotics generally led to a lower LDAEP.ConclusionThe LDAEP in patients is related to severity of psychopathologic syndromes irrespective of diagnosis. Chronic psychopharmacologic treatment may also differentially modulate the LDAEP, but longitudinal studies are needed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.