bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Socio-Ecological System Navigation Approach to Human Development in Sub-Saharan African Communities
Authors: Gilioli Gianni , Caroli Anna Maria , Tikubet Getachew , Herren Hans R. , Baumgärtner Johann 
Published: April 2014

This paper presents a framework for the development of socio-ecological systems towards enhanced sustainability. Emphasis is given to the dynamic properties of complex, adaptive social-ecological systems, their structure and to the fundamental role of agriculture. The tangible components that meet the needs of specific projects executed in Kenya and Ethiopia encompass project objectives, innovation, facilitation, continuous recording and analyses of monitoring data, that allow adaptive management and system navigation. Two case studies deal with system navigation through the mitigation of key constraints; they aim to improve human health thanks to anopheline malaria vectors control in Nyabondo (Kenya), and to improve cattle health through tsetse control and antitrypanosomal drug administration to cattle in Luke (Ethiopia). The second case deals with a socio-ecological navigation system to enhance sustainability, establishing a periurban diversified enterprise in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) and developing a rural sustainable social-ecological system in Luke (Ethiopia). The project procedures are briefly described here and their outcomes are analysed in relation to the stated objectives. The methodology for human and cattle disease vector control were easier to implement than the navigation of social-ecological systems towards sustainability enhancement. The achievements considerably differed between key constraints removal and sustainability enhancement projects. Some recommendations are made to rationalise human and cattle health improvement efforts and to smoothen the road towards enhanced sustainability: i) technology system implementation should be carried out through an innovation system; ii) transparent monitoring information should be continuously acquired and evaluated for assessing the state of the system in relation to stated objectives for (a) improving the insight into the systems behaviour and (b) rationalizing decision support; iii) the different views of all stakeholders should be reconciled in a pragmatic approach to social-ecological system management.
The use of green tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) as a phytogenic substance in poultry diets
Authors: Khan Sohail H. 
Published: April 2014

This review examined the use of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in the diets of poultry. Research findings were obtained from various recent studies, where much attention was focused on the role of green tea in the promotion of both animal and human health. The review involved some of the currently available information about green tea, pertaining to its chemical composition, anticoccidial and antimicrobial effect, effect on broiler and layer performance and on blood and egg yolk constituents. To the author’s knowledge this is the first review paper on this topic. It will be helpful for poultry nutritionists and the poultry industry, although more detailed studies are still needed to elucidate the effects of green tea in poultry nutrition under various circumstances.
fMRI paradigm designing and post-processing tools
Authors: James Jija S , Rajesh PG , Chandran Anuvitha VS , Kesavadas Chandrasekharan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this article, we first review some aspects of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm designing for major cognitive functions by using stimulus delivery systems like Cogent, E-Prime, Presentation, etc., along with their technical aspects. We also review the stimulus presentation possibilities (block, event-related) for visual or auditory paradigms and their advantage in both clinical and research setting. The second part mainly focus on various fMRI data post-processing tools such as Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) and Brain Voyager, and discuss the particulars of various preprocessing steps involved (realignment, co-registration, normalization, smoothing) in these software and also the statistical analysis principles of General Linear Modeling for final interpretation of a functional activation result.
fMRI for mapping language networks in neurosurgical cases
Authors: Gupta Santosh S 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEvaluating language has been a long-standing application in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, both in research and clinical circumstances, and still provides challenges. Localization of eloquent areas is important in neurosurgical cases, so that there is least possible damage to these areas during surgery, maintaining their function postoperatively, therefore providing good quality of life to the patient. Preoperative fMRI study is a non-invasive tool to localize the eloquent areas, including language, with other traditional methods generally used being invasive and at times perilous. In this article, we describe methods and various paradigms to study the language areas, in clinical neurosurgical cases, along with illustrations of cases from our institute.
Reading in Devanagari: Insights from functional neuroimaging
Authors: Singh Nandini Chatterjee , Rao Chaitra 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Objectives: The current study used functional MRI (fMRI) to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the neural network underlying visual word recognition in Hindi/Devanagari, an alphasyllabic - partly alphabetic and partly syllabic Indian writing system on which little research has hitherto been carried out. Materials and Methods: Sixteen (5F, 11M) neurologically healthy, native Hindi/Devanagari readers aged 21 to 50 named aloud 240 Devanagari words which were either visually linear - had no diacritics or consonant ligatures above or below central plane of text, e.g. फल, वाहन, or nonlinear - had at least one diacritic and/or ligature, e.g. फूल, किरण, and which further included 120 words each of high and low frequency. Words were presented in alternating high and low frequency blocks of 10 words each at 2s/word in a block design, with linear and nonlinear words in separate runs. Word reading accuracy was manually coded, while fMRI images were acquired on a 3T scanner with an 8-channel head-coil, using a T2FNx01-weighted EPI sequence (TR/TE = 2s/35ms). Results: After ensuring high word naming accuracy (M = 97.6%, SD = 2.3), fMRI data analyses (at FDR P < 0.005) revealed that reading Devanagari words elicited robust activations in bilateral occipito-temporal, inferior frontal and precentral regions as well as both cerebellar hemispheres. Other common areas of activation included left inferior parietal and right superior temporal cortices. Primary differences seen between nonlinear and linear word reading networks were in the right temporal areas and cerebellum. Conclusion: Distinct from alphabetic scripts, which are linear in their spatial organization, and recruit a primarily left-lateralized network for word reading, our results revealed a bilateral reading network for Devanagari. We attribute the additional activations in Devanagari to increased visual processing demands arising from the complex visuospatial arrangement of symbols in this ancient script.
Hyperreactio luteinalis: An often mistaken diagnosis
Authors: Skandhan Avni KP , Ravi Vandana 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHyperreactio luteinalis is a rare entity in which there is bilateral, benign, functional multicystic ovarian enlargement during pregnancy, which is most commonly seen in third trimester. This condition is usually innocuous and does not need any specific treatment. However, many a times, it is mistaken for ovarian malignancy and inadvertently operated upon. This is a case report of a 24-year-old female with a partial molar pregnancy associated with hyperreactio luteinalis who was followed up for regression of the same and normalization of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels.
Reappraisal of the Etiology of Extracorpuscular Non-Autoimmune Acquired Hemolytic Anemia in 2657 Hospitalized Patients with Non-Neoplastic Disease
Authors: Kok Victor C. , Lee Chien-Kuan , Horng Jorng-Tzong , Lin Che-Chen , Sung Fung-Chang 
Published: April 2014

Introduction Unlike autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), literature on the etiological study of non-autoimmune hemolytic anemia (non-AIHA) is scarce. The incidence and prevalence of non-AIHA in different geographic regions are largely unknown perhaps owing to the lack of perspective investigation and different profiles of etiologies from different geographic regions. We aimed to examine the real-world etiology or mechanisms of the non-hereditary non-AIHA from a nationwide population-based administrative claim database in Taiwan. Patients and Methods The National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan was adopted for this research. The studied population was total inpatient claim records including both pediatric and adult patients, contributed by a population of 23 million insured individuals in Taiwan. From 2002 to 2008, we retrieved 3,903 patients having no pre-existing malignancy discharged after inpatient management for acquired hemolytic anemia, which was defined as coding in discharge diagnoses containing ICD-9-CM code 283. By contrast, ICD-9-CM code 282 and all of the sub-codes are for hereditary hemolytic anemias. Results AIHA accounted for 32% of the total cases. Among 2,657 patients with non-AIHA, mechanical or microangiopathic mechanism accounted for 19% of cases; hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) 4%, hemoglobinuria because of hemolysis from external causes such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and march hemoglobinuria 7%, and chronic idiopathic hemolytic anemia or other unspecified non-AIHA 69%. We looked further for specific etiology or mechanism for this group of patients with non-hereditary extrinsic non-AIHA (n = 2,657). The explanatory disease states or conditions were splenomegaly; alcohol use disorder (spur cell hemolysis); heart-valve prosthesis; malignant hypertension; disseminated intravascular coagulation; transfusion reaction; dengue fever-induced hemolytic anemia; direct parasitization; snake, lizard, or spider bite; and Wilson's disease with internal toxin mechanism. All these cases can explain up to 34.6% of all the non-hereditary extrinsic non-AIHA cases. Fragmentation hemolysis (HUS, heart-valve prosthesis, malignant hypertension, and disseminated intravascular coagulation) accounted for 7.4% of non-AIHA hospitalized patients with non-neoplastic disease. Conclusions This article is the first one to clearly demonstrate that the non-neoplastic-induced HUS requiring hospitalization cases in Taiwan, which has a population of over 23 million were 110 over a span of seven years, 16 cases per year. Although the etiologies of non-AIHA are well known and described in the literature, this work added the statistical percentages of the various etiologies of non-AIHA in Taiwan.
Suporte social de cuidadores de crianças com Síndrome de Down
Authors: Rezende Luciana Krauss , Assis Silvana Maria Blascovi , Barca Luiz Fernando 
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X5928 O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer a percepção do suporte social de cuidadores de crianças com síndrome de Down (SD) em relação ao grau de satisfação e ao número de pessoas suportivas na região sul do estado de Minas Gerais e estabelecer a relação entre os mesmos. Este é um estudo, de análise quantitativa, de caráter clínico, exploratório e descritivo do tipo corte transversal. A população estudada foi composta por 50 pessoas de ambos os gêneros, em sua maioria as mães (92%), cuidadoras de crianças com SD, com idade entre 6 meses e 7 anos e meio, frequentadores regulares de instituições especializadas. Para o grupo estudado, a grande maioria das respostas indicativas de pessoas suportivas apontou a falta de uma pessoa de referência, sendo assinalada a resposta “ninguém”. Em seguida, aparecem o marido, filho, pais, irmãos, amigos, esposa e médico da criança. A análise da correlação entre o número de pessoas tidas como suportivas e a satisfação com o suporte social mostrou uma satisfação entre fraca e moderada denotando que esses cuidadores não puderam contar com uma rede de suporte social eficiente no cuidado dos filhos com SD. Considera-se pertinente o incremento de ações e incentivos governamentais e não-governamentais para o desenvolvimento de equipes profissionais e de instituições especializadas, voltadas ao atendimento, à reabilitação e a inclusão de crianças com SD e suas famílias na sociedade. As famílias precisam de programas de apoio apropriados para potencializarem ao máximo suas próprias capacidades. Palavras-chave: Suporte social; Cuidadores; Síndrome de Down
Implantação e implementação da Educação Física Inclusiva
Authors: Ferreira Eliana Lúcia , Cataldi Carolina Lessa 
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X7635 A Educação Física, como um dos componentes curriculares da educação básica, não está indiferente ao movimento da Educação Inclusiva. Corpos diferenciados estão conquistando um novo espaço social. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo, identificar os principais apontamentos históricos da Política de Educação Inclusiva brasileira e sugerir uma proposta de implementação da Educação Física escolar inclusiva. Metodologicamente, este é um estudo caracterizado como uma pesquisa descritiva, edificada em dois eixos principais: o primeiro discute os apontamentos históricos, apoiado em documentos nacionais de referências sobre a Educação Física Inclusiva e o segundo, é baseado na experiência de 2000 professores, analisando suas práticas inclusivas. Como resultado dessa análise, surge uma proposta de Educação Física Inclusiva, que erige em uma outra dimensão de trabalho/movimento. Nas considerações finais, sugere-se quebrar/desestabilizar com as práticas corporais já cristalizadas e atuar com aquelas que respeitam as diferenças de cada um. Além disso, aponta que a Educação Física Inclusiva tem preconizado outro significado de corpo, pois prevalece em suas atividades, a busca do individual, em prol de uma Educação Física mais coletiva.
Demandas decorrentes da inclusão escolar
Authors: Matos Selma Norberto , Mendes Eniceia Gonçalves 
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X8796 Com a implementação das políticas públicas em inclusão escolar, cresce o número de alunos com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais (NEEs) em classes comuns, fato que ajuda a compor um cenário nas escolas que tem desvelado limitações e contradições do sistema educacional brasileiro. Atores e autores educacionais são desafiados a construir saberes capazes de responder às demandas do cotidiano escolar relacionadas à convivência e aprendizagem na diversidade. Considerando que este processo inclusivo é novo nas escolas, o estudo teve como objetivo analisar as demandas dos professores decorrentes da inclusão escolar. A pesquisa foi qualitativa do tipo exploratório, participando seis professoras, seus alunos com NEEs e três profissionais do Núcleo de Educação Inclusiva da Secretaria Municipal de Educação. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizados: técnica de observação participante, diário de campo, entrevista semiestruturada, questionário e, para discussão dos dados, análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que existem conquistas e contradições na realidade das escolas que se propõem inclusivas; avanços e limitações resultantes da política municipal, e que o modelo de atuação da equipe de educação especial, no contexto analisado, pode ser revisto ou ampliado. Indicam que os professores apresentam demandas no domínio da política pública, da formação, e demandas dirigidas ao psicólogo. Palavras chaves: Educação Especial. Inclusão Escolar. Demandas de Professores
Estudo do potencial de um sintetizador de voz no processo educativo de uma criança com Ataxia
Authors: Oliveira Ana Teresa , Osório António José , Santos Anabela Cruz 
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X9012 Este estudo de caso analisa o uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) no apoio a uma criança com Ataxia, a Bia (nome fictício) incluída numa Unidade de Apoio Especializado para a educação de alunos com Multideficiência (UAEM) numa escola pública de Braga, Região Norte de Portugal. A Bia apresentava incapacidade total ao nível da oralidade e graves dificuldades na coordenação da motricidade fina. Além de uma contextualização da relação entre as necessidades educativas especiais (NEE) e as TIC, através da sua interligação, aborda-se e descreve-se a intervenção ao nível das TIC e a sua integração no currículo e na aprendizagem e de seguida relata-se este processo de integração, que teve a finalidade de lhe proporcionar produtos de apoio que assegurassem os necessários meios para promover e aumentar a sua comunicação. Palavras-chave – Inclusão, Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE), Ataxia, Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), Sintetizador de Voz.
Breastfeeding: the hidden barrier in Côte d'Ivoire's quest to eliminate mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV
Authors: Buesseler Heather M , Kone Ahoua , Robinson Julia , Bakor Albert , Senturia Kirsten 
Published: April 2014

IntroductionCôte d'Ivoire has one of the worst HIV/AIDS epidemics in West Africa. This study sought to understand how HIV‐positive women's life circumstances and interactions with the public health care system in Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire, influence their self‐reported ability to adhere to antiretroviral prophylaxis during pregnancy.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with 24 HIV‐positive women not eligible for antiretroviral therapy and five health care workers recruited from four public clinics in which prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission services had been integrated into routine antenatal care.ResultsSelf‐reported adherence to prophylaxis is high, but women struggle to observe (outdated) guidelines for rapid infant weaning. Women's positive interactions with health providers, their motivation to protect their infants and the availability of free antiretrovirals seem to override most potential barriers to prophylaxis adherence.ConclusionsThis study reveals the importance of considering the full continuum of prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission interventions, including infant feeding, instead of focussing primarily on prophylaxis for the mother and newborn.
Midnight density maximum in the thermosphere from the CHAMP observations
Authors: Ruan Haibing , Lei Jiuhou , Dou Xiankang , Wan Weixing , Liu Yong C.‐M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe midnight temperature maximum (MTM) is generally believed to occur over the equatorial region, while a few recent studies suggested the extension of the MTM to middle and high latitudes. In this paper, we investigate the latitudinal variations of nighttime thermospheric density on the basis of the accelerometer measurement onboard the CHAMP satellite during 2002–2009. The sampling of the CHAMP satellite allows for observation of a statistical average of the midnight density maximum (MDM). From these observations, it was found that the MDM of the thermosphere, a manifestation of the MTM, occurs in all seasons at both low and high solar activities, but its features vary significantly with season and solar activity. The peak of the MDM over the equatorial region occurs at ~01:00 LT under the low solar activity condition, whereas it happens about 1–2 h earlier at high solar activity. We observe extension of the MDM from the equatorial region to southern midlatitudes, especially under the low solar activity condition.
He2+ dynamics and ion cyclotron waves in the downstream of quasi‐perpendicular shocks: 2‐D hybrid simulations
Authors: Hao Yufei , Lu Quanming , Gao Xinliang , Huang Can , Lu San , Shan Lican , Wang Shui 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe free energy provided by the ion temperature anisotropy is considered to be the source of ion cyclotron waves in the downstream of a quasi‐perpendicular shock. Besides the proton cyclotron waves excited by the proton temperature anisotropy, He2 + is decelerated differentially from the protons by the shock due to its different charge‐to‐mass ratio and forms a bunched ring‐like distribution in the immediate downstream of the quasi‐perpendicular shock. However, how the helium cyclotron waves associated with the anisotropic distribution of He2 + are excited is still in debate. In this paper, with two‐dimensional (2‐D) hybrid simulations, we investigate He2 + dynamics and its role in the ion cyclotron waves downstream of quasi‐perpendicular shocks (the proton plasma beta in the upstream is 0.4). A bunched ring‐like distribution of He2 + is formed in the immediate downstream of the quasi‐perpendicular shocks; then it evolves into a shell‐like distribution. At last, a bi‐Maxwellian distribution of He2 + is generated in the far downstream. In the medium and low Mach number shocks, besides the proton cyclotron waves excited near the shock front, there is another enhancement of the magnetic fluctuations in the downstream. The results show that the helium cyclotron waves can be driven directly by the bunched ring‐like distribution of He2 + in a low or medium Mach number quasi‐perpendicular shock. The relevance of our simulation results to the satellite observations is also discussed in this paper.
The Syabru‐Bensi hydrothermal system in central Nepal: 2. Modeling and significance of the radon signature
Authors: Girault Frédéric , Perrier Frédéric 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Syabru‐Bensi hydrothermal system (SBHS), located in the Nepal Himalayas, is characterized by numerous hot (>30°C) springs and the release of dry, cold (<35°C) CO2 associated with radon‐222, detailed in the companion paper. In the SBHS, CO2 and radon fluxes on the ground vary over 5–6 orders of magnitude, reaching exceptional mean values of 100 kg m−2 d−1 and 12 Bq m−2 s−1, respectively. This paper extends the companion paper by developing three quantitative models for the radon signature of CO2 based on measurements of radon and radium concentrations in the spring waters and effective radium concentration of rocks and soils. The first model considers near‐surface radon and CO2 degassing from water, considered unlikely unless there exist currently unidentified large discharges of hydrothermal water. The second model considers CO2, arising from deeper hydrothermal sources, incorporating radon from shallow radium sources as it percolates upward toward the surface, considered more likely as a percolation depth of 100 m is sufficient to account for the observed radon discharge. The third model considers the observed peak radon concentrations in the gas zones and assumes that gaseous CO2 can be transported from kilometer‐scale depths through a fault network connected to the zones. This latter model affords the possibility that variations of physical parameters at depths associated with earthquake nucleation might be detectable at the surface. Gas‐dominated transport might operate in other locations in Himalayas and elsewhere and may be an important aspect of the coupled mechanisms associated with seismically active orogens.