bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMR spectroscopy of the heart, part I
Authors: Balaban Robert S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe heart has been one of the most extensively studied biological tissues using NMR spectroscopy. The importance of the heart function and the prevalence of heart disease are major reasons for this attention. However, several aspects of the heart's morphology and the availability of in vitro models suitable for NMR studies have also been important factors in the application of this technique. The purpose of this discourse is to review the techniques used to perform the NMR spectroscopy experiment on the heart, both in vitro and in vivo.
Impedance: What it is, and why it must be matched
Authors: Traficante Daniel D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAll probes in NMR spectrometers must be “tuned” and “matched” to obtain optimum sensitivity. In the simplest electronic circuits, tuning and matching are accomplished by adjusting variable capacitors. These adjustments determine the impedance of the circuit; i.e., the extent to which the circuit opposes, or impedes alternating‐current flow. This impedance is the vector sum of the individual oppositions owing to the presence of resistors, inductors and capacitors in the circuit. When the impedance of the probe circuitry is equal to (matches) that of the high‐power, pulsed, radio‐frequency transmitter, power is efficiently transferred to the probe and pulse‐widths are minimized. Similarly, when the impedance of the probe circuitry matches that of the small‐signal preamplifier, the detected signal power is efficiently transferred to the amplifier and the signal‐to‐noise ratio is maximized.
Performance of the Roche cobas 4800 high‐risk human papillomavirus test in cytologic preparations of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Kerr Darcy A. , Pitman Martha B. , Sweeney Brenda , Arpin Ronald N. , Wilbur David C. , Faquin William C. 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUNDDetermining high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) status of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) defines a tumor subset with important clinical implications. Cytologic sampling often provides the sentinel or sole diagnostic specimen. The authors assessed the performance characteristics for the Roche cobas 4800 HPV real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based system (cobas) on cytologic specimens of HNSCC compared with standard methods of in situ hybridization (ISH) for HR‐HPV and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16 on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue.METHODSSamples of HNSCC were collected by fine‐needle aspiration and from surgical biopsies or resections, fixed, and processed with the cobas system. Available corresponding FFPE samples were synchronously evaluated for HR‐HPV using ISH and IHC. Discrepant cases underwent additional PCR studies for adjudication.RESULTSThirty‐six samples from 33 patients were analyzed. Forty‐two percent (n = 15) of tumors were positive for HR‐HPV according to cobas. Corresponding histology with ISH (n = 30) was concordant in 91% of samples. Compared with the adjudication PCR standard, there were 3 false‐positive cases according to cobas. Ninety‐two percent (n = 12) of cases were the HPV16 subtype. The overall sensitivity for the cobas system was 100%, and the specificity was 86%.CONCLUSIONSConcordance in HNSCC HR‐HPV status between cobas and ISH/IHC was > 90%, and cobas demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 86%, broadening options for HR‐HPV testing of fine‐needle aspiration samples. Advantages for this system include subtyping of HR‐HPV and the ability to discern HR‐HPV status earlier in a patient's treatment course. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:167–174. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
3D Numerical modeling and its experimental verifications for an inhomogeneous head phantom using broadband fNIR system
Authors: Sultan E. , Pourrezaei K. , Ghandjbakhche A. , Daryoush A.S. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYModeling behavior of broadband (30–1000 MHz) frequency modulated near infrared photons through a multilayer phantom is of interest to optical bio‐imaging research. Photon dynamics in phantom are predicted using three‐dimension (3D) finite element numerical simulation and are related to the measured insertion loss and phase for a given human head geometry in this paper based on three layers of phantom each with distinct optical parameter properties. Simulation and experimental results are achieved for single, two, and three layers solid phantoms using COMSOL (COMSOL AB, Tegnérgatan 23, SE‐111 40, Stockholm, Sweden) (for FEM) simulation and custom‐designed broadband free space optical transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) modules that are developed for photon migration at wavelengths of 680, 795, and 850 nm. Standard error is used to compute error between two‐dimension and 3D FE modeling along with experimental results by fitting experimental data to the functional form of . Error results are shown at narrowband and broadband frequency modulation. Confidence in numerical modeling of the photonic behavior using 3D FEM for human head has been established here by comparing the reflection mode's experimental results with the predictions made by COMSOL for known commercial solid brain phantoms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Axonal cap‐dependent translation regulates presynaptic p35
Authors: Hsiao Kuangfu , Bozdagi Ozlem , Benson Deanna L. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAxonal growth cones synthesize proteins during development and in response to injury in adult animals. Proteins locally translated in axons are used to generate appropriate responses to guidance cues, contribute to axon growth, and can serve as retrograde messengers. In addition to growth cones, mRNAs and translational machinery are also found along the lengths of axons where synapses form en passant, but contributions of intra‐axonal translation to developing synapses are poorly understood. Here, we engineered a subcellular‐targeting translational repressor to inhibit mRNA translation in axons, and we used this strategy to investigate presynaptic contributions of cap‐dependent protein translation to developing CNS synapses. Our data show that intra‐axonal mRNA translation restrains synaptic vesicle recycling pool size and that one target of this regulation is p35, a Cdk5 activating protein. Cdk5/p35 signaling regulates the size of vesicle recycling pools, p35 levels diminish when cap‐dependent translation is repressed, and restoring p35 levels rescues vesicle recycling pools from the effects of spatially targeted translation repression. Together our findings show that intra‐axonal synthesis of p35 is required for normal vesicle recycling in developing neurons, and that targeted translational repression provides a novel strategy to investigate extrasomal protein synthesis in neurons. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 351–364, 2014
Can invasions occur without change? A comparison of G‐matrices and selection in the peach‐potato aphid, Myzus persicae
Authors: Bacigalupe Leonardo D. , Barrientos Karin , Beckerman Andrew P. , Carter Mauricio J. , Figueroa Christian C. , Foster Stephen P. , Moore Allen J. , Silva Andrea X. , Nespolo Roberto F. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMost evolutionary research on biological invasions has focused on changes seen between the native and invaded range for a particular species. However, it is likely that species that live in human‐modified habitats in their native range might have evolved specific adaptations to those environments, which increase the likelihood of establishment and spread in similar human‐altered environments. From a quantitative genetic perspective, this hypothesis suggests that both native and introduced populations should reside at or near the same adaptive peak. Therefore, we should observe no overall changes in the G (genetic variance–covariance) matrices between native and introduced ranges, and stabilizing selection on fitness‐related traits in all populations. We tested these predictions comparing three populations of the worldwide pest Myzus persicae from the Middle East (native range) and the UK and Chile (separately introduced ranges). In general, our results provide mixed support for this idea, but further comparisons of other species are needed. In particular, we found that there has been some limited evolution in the studied traits, with the Middle East population differing from the UK and Chilean populations. This was reflected in the structure of the G‐matrices, in which Chile differed from both UK and Middle East populations. Furthermore, the amount of genetic variation was massively reduced in Chile in comparison with UK and Middle East populations. Finally, we found no detectable selection on any trait in the three populations, but clones from the introduced ranges started to reproduce later, were smaller, had smaller offspring, and had lower reproductive fitness than clones from the native range.
A Method for Presuming Total Output Fluctuation of Highly Penetrated Photovoltaic Generation Considering Mutual Smoothing Effect
Authors: Nagoya Hiroyuki , Komami Shintaro , Ogimoto Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYMutual smoothing effect of renewable energy (RE) is quite important because the amount and cost of countermeasures for maintaining soundness of power systems highly depend on evaluation of the effect. In spite of its importance, there is as yet no established method to evaluate the effect. The authors present a method for presuming the total output fluctuations of highly penetrated RE from a few measured data considering the effect. By analyzing the measured data, existing photovoltaic (PV) output fluctuations are revealed to be coherent at slower swing periods and random at faster swing periods. To represent the PV’s output fluctuation tendencies, a “Transfer Hypothesis” is introduced. A “Constant Transfer Swing Period Hypothesis” and “–20 dB/dec Slope Hypothesis” are also introduced. These hypotheses are verified by direct and indirect methods using the measured data. Only 3 sites’ data are able to presume total fluctuation of 15 sites successfully. The relationship between distance and the transfer swing period for every 2 sites out of the 15 sites agrees with these hypotheses. Finally, the authors show the total fluctuation presumption of highly penetrated PV deployment in the Hokuriku region using the proposed methods. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(3): 31–42, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22327
Oxidative Addition of Diorgano Disulfides to Distannyne [{2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3}Sn]2
Authors: Bouška Marek , Novák Miroslav , Dostál Libor , Růžička Aleš , Mikysek Tomáš , Metelka Radovan , Jambor Roman 
Published: November 2013

AbstractReactivity of [{2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3}Sn]2 (1) towards functionalized diorganodisulfides R2S2 as oxidizing agents was studied. The reactions provided organotin(II) thio derivatives {2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3}Sn(S2CNMe2) (2), {2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3}Sn (SC6H4‐2‐NH2) (3) and {2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3}Sn(SC5H4N) (4). The 119Sn NMR spectroscopic data of 2–4 suggest different electronic saturation of the tin(II) atoms in 2–4, which caused redox stability of 2 and easy oxidation of 3 and 4. The treatment of the latter compounds with diorgano disulfides R2S2 yielded organotin(IV) thio derivatives {2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3}Sn(SC6H4‐2‐NH2)3 (5) and {2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3}Sn(SC5H4N)3 (6). In addition, oxidation of 3 and 4 with the radical TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl) provided organotin(IV) hydroxide [{2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3}Sn(SC6H4‐2‐NH)(μ‐OH)]2 (7) and organotin(IV) oxide [{2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3}Sn(SC5H4N)(μ‐O)]3 (8). All prepared compounds 2–8 were characterized by using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structures of 2, 4, 7 and 8 were determined by using X‐ray diffraction. Compounds 2–4 were also characterized by cyclic voltammetry.
Capillary electrophoresis of urinary prostate glycoproteins assists in the diagnosis of prostate cancer
Authors: Vermassen Tijl , Van Praet Charles , Vanderschaeghe Dieter , Maenhout Thomas , Lumen Nicolaas , Callewaert Nico , Hoebeke Piet , Van Belle Simon , Rottey Sylvie , Delanghe Joris 
Published: November 2013

Prostate marker assays are widely used for detection of prostate cancer (PCa) but are associated with considerable sensitivity and specificity problems. Therefore, we investigated prostatic protein glycosylation profiles as a potential biomarker. We determined the urinary asparagine‐linked glycan (N‐glycan) profile of prostatic proteins of healthy volunteers (n = 25), patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH; n = 62) and newly diagnosed PCa patients (n = 42) using DNA‐sequencer‐assisted fluorophore‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. Through squeezing of the prostate, a sufficient amount of prostatic proteins was obtained for direct structural analyses of N‐glycan structures. N‐glycans of PCa compared to BPH were characterized by a significant decrease in triantennary structures (p = 0.047) and overall fucosylation (p = 0.026). Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and the urinary glycoprofile marker showed comparable overall receiver operating characteristic curve analysis as well as in the diagnostic gray zone with serum PSA values between 4 and 10 μg/L. However, when combining PSA and the urinary glycoprofile marker, the latter gave an additive diagnostic value to serum PSA (p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, N‐glycosylation profiling demonstrated differences between BPH and PCa. These changes could lead to the discovery of a new biomarker for PCa.
The ages of anxiety—differences across the lifespan in the default mode network functional connectivity in generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Andreescu Carmen , Sheu Lei K. , Tudorascu Dana , Walker Sarah , Aizenstein Howard 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders, but its neural basis is relatively understudied. This study aims to characterize the functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) in GAD across the lifespan.Design and settingsFunctional and structural magnetic resonance imaging data were collected with subjects at rest. We analyzed the resting state functional connectivity patterns in the DMN for 27 GAD participants and 39 non‐anxious comparison participants. Using a two‐way analysis of variance, we explored the interaction between age and GAD status on functional connectivity. In GAD participants, we analyzed the correlation of functional connectivity indices with the duration of illness and worry severity.ResultsThe age‐by‐anxiety interaction showed a greater anxiety effect on the functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate seed and the medial prefrontal cortex for the older group relative to the younger participants. Longer duration of illness was positively correlated with greater functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and the insula. Worry severity was inversely correlated with the functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex seed and the medial prefrontal cortex.ConclusionThe presence of GAD, longer duration of illness, and more severe worry exacerbate the effects of age on the functional connectivity in the DMN. These results support the need for tailored research and interventions in late‐life anxiety. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of two real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction strategies for minimal residual disease evaluation in lymphoproliferative disorders: correlation between immunoglobulin gene mutation load and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction performance
Authors: Della Starza Irene , Cavalli Marzia , Del Giudice Ilaria , Barbero Daniela , Mantoan Barbara , Genuardi Elisa , Urbano Marina , Mannu Claudia , Gazzola Anna , Ciabatti Elena , Guarini Anna , Foà Robin , Galimberti Sara , Piccaluga Pierpaolo , Gaidano Gianluca , Ladetto Marco , Monitillo Luigia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe compared two strategies for minimal residual disease evaluation of B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by a variable immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) genes mutation load. Twenty‐five samples from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (n = 18) or mantle cell lymphoma (n = 7) patients were analyzed. Based on IGH variable region genes, 22/25 samples carried >2% mutations, 20/25 > 5%. In the IGH joining region genes, 23/25 samples carried >2% mutations, 18/25 > 5%. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed on IGH genes using two strategies: method A utilizes two patient‐specific primers, whereas method B employs one patient‐specific and one germline primer, with different positions on the variable, diversity and joining regions. Twenty‐three samples (92%) resulted evaluable using method A, only six (24%) by method B. Method B poor performance was specifically evident among mutated IGH variable/joining region cases, although no specific mutation load above, which the real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction failed was found. The molecular strategies for minimal residual disease evaluation should be adapted to the B‐cell receptor features of the disease investigated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aberrant immunoarchitecture distinguishes hyperplastic germinal centres in pattern 1 angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma from reactive follicles
Authors: Tan Leonard Hwan‐Cheong , Tan Soo‐Yong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe compare 30 biopsies each of Pattern 1 angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL1) and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) by immunohistology, in‐situ hybridization for Epstein‐Barr virus‐encoded RNA and T‐cell receptor‐γ (TRG)‐clonality. AITL1 cases, more often than RLH controls, were older [median ages 61 (range 23–79) vs 46 (range 11–59) years, p < 10‐4], non‐Chinese [16/30 (53%) vs 8/28 (29%), p = 0.035], presented nodally [29/30 (97%) vs 23/30 (77%), p = 0.024], showed: pan‐T cell antigen attenuation [25/29 (86%) vs 5/21 (24%), p = 1.0 × 10‐5], CD4 predominance [25/28 (89%) vs 12/23 (52%), p = 3.4 × 10‐3], interfollicular lymphoid CD10‐positivity [16/30 (53%) vs 1/29 (3%), p = 1.5 × 10‐5], TRG clonality [16/28 (57%) vs 1/20 (5%), p = 1.4 × 10‐4], higher maximum number of Epstein‐Barr virus‐encoded RNA + nuclei per 0.5‐mm high‐power field [median 6 (range 0–70) vs 1 (range 0–40), p = 0.012] and interfollicular Ki‐67 proliferation fraction [median 40% (range 10–80%) vs 20% (range 5–40), p < 10‐4], whereas their germinal centres (GCs) more often showed attenuation of CD10 [30/30 (100%) vs 11/29 (38%), p = 5.3 × 10‐8] and CD57 [18/25 (72%) vs 4/22 (18%), p = 2.4 × 10‐4] (respectively). GC‐predominant PD‐1 and ICOS immunoreactivity were more often seen in RLH [20/22 and 9/19 controls (91% and 47%)] than AITL1 [9/25 and 3/19 cases (36% and 16%), p = 1.0 × 10‐4 and 0.033, respectively]. Significant independent predictors against AITL1 were: solid GC CD10 immunoreactivity {p = 0.023, odds ratio (OR) for AITL1 0.01 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0002–0.529]}; lower interfollicular proliferation fraction [p = 0.047, OR for AITL1 1.1 (95% CI: 1.001–1.209) per % rise in Ki‐67]; younger presenting age [p = 0.028, OR for AITL1 1.136 (95% CI: 1.014–1.272) per year older]. Hence, GCs and perifollicular zones in AITL1 are distinct from those in RLH. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Determination of Iron (III) in the Presence of Copper
Authors: Ader Dorota 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMethyl isobutyl ketone was found to be a suitable extracting and concentrating medium for the quantitative separation of microgram amounts of ferric iron from large quantities of copper. The iron is stripped into an aqueous phase containing hydroxylamine hydrochloride and after adjusting the pH the ferrous iron is directly determined colorimetrically with o‐phenanthroline.
Organic Fluorine Compounds: Part XXX: Experiments in the Fluoroglutaric Acid Series
Authors: Bergmann E. D. , Cohen S. , Shani A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe products (e.g. I, II) obtained by Michael reaction between acrylonitrile or methyl acrylate and diethyl fluoromalonate or — preferably — fluoromalondiamide, gave upon hydrolysis and partial decarboxylation, 2‐fluoroglutaric acid (III). The reactions of this acid as well as some other attempts at new routes leading to γ‐fluoroglutamic acid (XV) are described.
Chemical Aspects of the Fight Against Insects
Authors: Bergmann E. D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA survey is given of the existing knowledge on the mode of action of DDT and analogous compounds, especially the 1,1‐diaryl‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethane derivatives, as well as DDT synergists. The relative importance of DDT dehydrochlorinase for the detoxification of DDT is discussed.The nutritive requirements of the insects and their differences from those of higher animals are surveyed. Of particular interest are the sterol requirements of the insects, which are incapable of synthesizing these compounds, and the biological availability of “unnatural” analogs of the sterols.
Some Fluorine Containing D.D.T. Analogues
Authors: Bergmann E.D. , Pelchowicz Z. , Shani A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA series of ortho‐substituted 1,1,1‐trifluoro‐2,2‐diphenylethanes (I) has been prepared from the appropriate ω,ω,ω‐trifluoroacetophenones via the corresponding secondary alcohols.2,2,2‐Trifluoro‐1,1‐diphenylethanols are converted by thionyl chloride into the corresponding 1‐chloro‐derivatives and the latter dehalogenated to (I) by means of sodium hydride.
MIGRATION D'UNE DOUBLE LIAISON SOUS L'EFFET D'UN GROUPEMENT CARBOXYLE
Authors: Klein J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCyclohexene‐1‐acetonitrile (II) yields on prolonged treatment with hydrobromic acid a brominated acid, which gives on dehydro‐bromination cyclohexene‐3‐acetic acid (VI) characterized by its iodolactone. The acid VI was synthesised by an Arndt‐Eustert homologation of cyclohexene‐3‐carboxylic acid (VII), and by reduction of (VII) to the carbinol (IX) which was transformed into the bromide (X). Reaction of (X) with magnesium and then with carbon dioxide gave (VI). The tosylate of (IX) was also converted into the nitrile (XI), which was hydrolyzed to (VI).
Spectral Effects of Hydrogen‐Bonding in Substituted Anilines
Authors: Kamlet M. J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe spectra of p‐nitroaniline, N‐methyl‐p‐nitro aniline and N, N‐dimethyl‐p‐nitroaniline are compared in various solvents. The results are interpreted in terms of H‐bonding by and to solvent.
The Reaction Between Bis‐Trialkylammonium Phthalate and Alkyl Chloroformate
Authors: Hoffmann E. , Schiff‐Shenhav Hanna 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe reaction between the title compounds was investigated. A mixed carboxylic‐carbonic anhydride is first formed. This decomposes rapidly and leads to a sequence of secondary reactions which have been elucidated. The relevance of these reaction sequences to the decomposition and side reactions suffered by alkyl carbonic anhydrides of monobasic carboxylic or acylamine acids is discussed.
Steroids and Triterpenoids of Hula Peat as Compared to Other Humoliths
Authors: Ikan R. , Kashman J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNonsaponifiable fraction of Hula peat revealed the presence of friedelin, friedelan‐3β‐ol and a mixture of β‐sitosterol and β‐sitostanol.Peats, lignites and coals of other countries yield in addition to the above mentioned compounds the following triterpenoids: α‐amyrin, allobetulin, allobetulone, betulin, friedelan‐3α‐ol, oxyallobetulin, oxyallobetulone, taraxerol and taraxerone.The appearance of these compounds, the age of which is estimated to be millions of years, reflects the composition of the ancient plants and gives an idea on the coalification process. It might also be useful for the classification of different types of coal.