bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Modification of Metal–Organic Frameworks in Mixed‐Matrix Membranes
Authors: Denny Michael S. , Cohen Seth M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractProcessable films of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been long sought to advance the application of MOFs in various technologies from separations to catalysis. Herein, MOF–polymer mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) are described, formed on several substrates using a wide variety of MOF materials. These MMMs can be delaminated from their substrates to create free‐standing MMMs that are mechanically stable and pliable. The MOFs in these MMMs remain highly crystalline, porous, and accessible for further chemical modification through postsynthetic modification (PSM) and postsynthetic exchange (PSE) processes. Overall, the findings here demonstrate a versatile approach to preparing stable functional MMMs that should contribute significantly to the advancement of these materials.
The Vanadium(V) Oxoazides [VO(N3)3], [(bipy)VO(N3)3], and [VO(N3)5]2−
Authors: Haiges Ralf , Vasiliu Monica , Dixon David A. , Christe Karl O. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractVanadium(V) oxoazide [VO(N3)3] was prepared through a fluoride–azide exchange reaction between [VOF3] and Me3SiN3 in acetonitrile solution. When the highly impact‐ and friction‐sensitive compound [VO(N3)3] was reacted with 2,2′‐bipyridine, the adduct [(bipy)VO(N3)3] was isolated. The reaction of [VO(N3)3] with [PPh4]N3 resulted in the formation and isolation of the salt [PPh4]2[VO(N3)5]. The adduct [(bipy)VO(N3)3] and the salt [PPh4]23[VO(N3)5] were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination, making these compounds the first structurally characterized vanadium(V) azides.
In Vitro Fluorogenic Real‐Time Assay of the Repair of Oxidative DNA Damage
Authors: Edwards Sarah K. , Ono Toshikazu , Wang Shenliang , Jiang Wei , Franzini Raphael M. , Jung Jong Wha , Chan Ke Min , Kool Eric T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe repair of oxidative damage to DNA is essential to avoid mutations that lead to cancer. Oxidized DNA bases, such as 8‐oxoguanine, are a main source of these mutations, and the enzyme 8‐oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) is the chief human enzyme that excises 8‐oxoguanine from DNA. The activity of OGG1 has been linked to human inflammation responses and to cancer, and researchers are beginning to search for inhibitors of the enzyme. However, measuring the activity of the enzyme typically requires laborious gel‐based measurements of radiolabeled DNAs. Here we report the design and properties of fluorogenic probes that directly report on the activity of OGG1 (and its bacterial homologue Fpg) in real time as the oxidized base is excised. The probes are short, modified DNA oligomers containing fluorescent DNA bases and are designed to utilize 8‐oxoguanine itself as a fluorescence quencher. Screening of combinations of fluorophores and 8‐oxoguanine revealed two fluorophores, pyrene and tCo, that are strongly quenched by the damaged base. We tested 42 potential probes containing these fluorophores: the optimum probe, OGR1, yields a 60‐fold light‐up signal in vitro with OGG1 and Fpg. It can report on oxidative repair activity in mammalian cell lysate and with bacterial cells overexpressing a repair enzyme. Such probes might prove useful in quantifying enzyme activity and performing competitive inhibition assays.
Site‐Resolved Backbone and Side‐Chain Intermediate Dynamics in a Carbohydrate‐Binding Module Protein Studied by Magic‐Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Ivanir‐Dabora Hadar , Nimerovsky Evgeny , Madhu P. K. , Goldbourt Amir 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMagic‐angle spinning solid‐state NMR spectroscopy has been applied to study the dynamics of CBM3b–Cbh9A from Clostridium thermocellum (ctCBM3b), a cellulose binding module protein. This 146‐residue protein has a nine‐stranded β‐sandwich fold, in which 35 % of the residues are in the β‐sheet and the remainder are composed of loops and turns. Dynamically averaged 1H‐13C dipolar coupling order parameters were extracted in a site‐specific manner by using a pseudo‐three‐dimensional constant‐time recoupled separated‐local‐field experiment (dipolar‐chemical shift correlation experiment; DIPSHIFT). The backbone‐Cα and Cβ order parameters indicate that the majority of the protein, including turns, is rigid despite having a high content of loops; this suggests that restricted motions of the turns stabilize the loops and create a rigid structure. Water molecules, located in the crystalline interface between protein units, induce an increased dynamics of the interface residues thereby lubricating crystal water‐mediated contacts, whereas other crystal contacts remain rigid.
Facial Synthesis ofo‐Carborane‐Substituted Alkenes and Allenes by a Regioselective Ene Reaction of 1,3‐Dehydro‐o‐carborane
Authors: Zhao Da , Zhang Jiji , Xie Zuowei 
Published: June 2015

Abstract1,3‐Dehydro‐o‐carborane is a useful synthon for selective cage boron functionalization ofo‐carboranes. It reacts readily with alkenes or alkynes to give a variety of cage B(3)‐alkenyl/allenylo‐carboranes by ene reactions in very high yields and excellent regioselectivity. This can be ascribed to the highly polarized cage CB multiple bond, which lowers the activation barriers of the ene reaction.
Vanadium Pentoxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite as an Efficient Electrode Material for High‐Performance Supercapacitors and Self‐Powered Systems
Authors: Ramadoss Ananthakumar , Saravanakumar Balasubramaniam , Kim Sang Jae 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study, we report the facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/vanadium pentoxide (GV) composites and the application of this material towards the supercapacitor application. The as‐fabricated reduced graphene oxide/vanadium pentoxide (GV‐3) composite electrodes displayed outstanding electrochemical performance with a maximum specific capacitance of 250 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 and excellent cycling stability, retaining 95 % of the initial capacitance, even after 5000 cycles, which shows improved behavior compared to rGO and V2O5. Further, the synthesis process is simple, less time consuming, and requires no sophisticated instruments. In addition, we have demonstrated a self‐powered photosensor system by integrating the solid‐state symmetric GV supercapacitor device with a nanogenerator and photosensor. These results indicate that the reduced graphene oxide/vanadium pentoxide composite electrode can be useful for improved high‐performance supercapacitors.
Effect of bioactive glass particles on osteogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded on lactide and caprolactone based scaffolds
Authors: Larrañaga Aitor , Alonso‐Varona Ana , Palomares Teodoro , Rubio‐Azpeitia Eva , Aldazabal Pablo , Martin Francisco Javier , Sarasua Jose‐Ramon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIncorporation of bioactive glass (BG) particles to synthetic polymer scaffolds is a promising strategy to improve the bioactivity of bioinert materials and to stimulate specific cell responses. In this study, the influence of incorporating BG particles to lactide and caprolactone based porous scaffolds on osteogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) was analyzed. Accordingly, ASCs were seeded on poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA), poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), or poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffolds containing 15 vol % of BG particles in two culture conditions: standard versus osteogenic culture medium. In standard culture medium, incorporation of BG to a PLLA scaffold increased the ALP activity with respect to its unfilled counterpart (ca. 1.2‐ and a 1.6‐fold increase over 7 and 14 days, respectively). Moreover, in all the studied polymers the incorporation of BG induced a slightly higher production of mineralized matrix by ASCs, but the differences observed were not statistically significant. In the osteogenic medium, the effect of BG was masked by the effect of osteogenic supplements in the long‐term. However, in the short‐term (day 7), BG particles induced an early ALP activity of predifferentiated osteoblasts on PLLA and PCL scaffolds and higher matrix mineralization on PCL scaffolds. In summary, the addition of BG particles to PLLA and PCL scaffolds sustains ASC osteogenic differentiation, facilitates mineralization and induces the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of the polymer scaffolds. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3815–3824, 2015.
Thermal Cyclization of Copper Carbenoid of α‐Dizao α‐Phosphorylacetate: Unexpected and Novel Access to Oxaphosphirane
Authors: Shie Jr‐Yun , Zhu Jia‐Liang , Wu Yung‐Peng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnder the catalysis of Cu(OTf)2 in refluxing CH2Cl2, ethyl α‐dizao α‐(diethylphosphoryl)acetate was shown to undergo a new cyclization reaction to afford a pentacovalent oxaphosphirane product. The reaction is proposed to occur through the addition of the P=O double bond to the copper carbenoid, followed by the hydrolysis of the ylide intermediate. Our finding represents the first example on producing oxaphosphiranes from dizao phosphoryl compounds. On the other hand, the corresponding rhodium carbenoid displayed the different reactivity under the same thermal conditions, to produce the β‐propiolactone through the well‐recognized C‐H insertion pathway.
Studies on the Interaction of Some Biologically Significant Radical Scavengers on Metal‐Ion Catalyzed Phloroglucinol‐Based Chemical Oscillator
Authors: Gull Usma , Peerzada G. M. , Ganaie Nadeem B. , Rashid Sna 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe response of the Ce(III)‐catalyzed phloroglucinol (1,3,5‐trihydroxybenzene)‐based Belousov Zhabotinsky system to the addition of various antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione, inosine, N‐acetylcysteine) is monitored at 30°C under stirred batch conditions. This method is convenient and has good sensitivity for the determination of these antioxidants. The addition of these antioxidants to the BZ mixture influences the oscillatory parameter (number of oscillations) to an extent that depends on the concentration of the antioxidant. The experimental results have shown that the number of oscillations decrease on increasing the concentration of antioxidant. The calibration plots show a linear relationship (R2 = 0.98 for ascorbic acid and glutathione and R2 = 0.99 for inosine and N‐acetylcysteine) between the number of oscillations and the [antioxidant] over the concentration range of 0.0125‐0.5, 0.05‐0.2, 0.025‐0.1, and 0.1‐0.5 mol L−1 with detection limits 6.9 × 10−5, 2.762 × 10−4, 1.381 × 10−4, and 5.524 × 10−4 mol L−1 for ascorbic acid, glutathione, inosine, and N‐acetylcysteine, respectively. Some aspects of the mechanism of these antioxidants on the BZ system have been discussed.
Fractional carbon dioxide laser ablation for the treatment of microcystic lymphatic malformations (lymphangioma circumscriptum) in an adult patient with Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome
Authors: Saluja Sandeep , Petersen Marta , Summers Erika 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundLymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is a rare, benign, vascular malformation of dilated superficial lymphatic channels. Treatment is typically undertaken for cosmetic reasons or complications such as fluid drainage, pain, and infection risk that can negatively impact quality of life. Management of LC remains challenging because of high recurrence rates, regardless of the treatment modality chosen.ObjectiveTreatment of LC with the fully‐ablative carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has been reported widely, however, treatment with the fractionated CO2 laser has been limited to one case in the pediatric population. Our objective was to test the usefulness of the fractionated 10,600‐nm CO2 laser in the management of symptomatic LC in an adult.ResultsWe report a case of a 27‐year‐old female with Klippel‐Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS) who presented with a 5‐year history of well‐circumscribed lesions on the right lateral and anterior thigh that drained clear lymphatic and serosanguineous fluid, respectively. These lesions caused her significant emotional distress because of extensive drainage. After only one treatment utilizing the fractionated 10,600‐nm CO2 laser, the patient had improvement with cessation of fluid drainage, and the lesions are still asymptomatic 6 months since initial treatment.ConclusionThe favorable results observed in our patient suggest that fractionated CO2 laser may be an additional well‐tolerated, low downtime option for palliation of symptoms in patients with LC. We recognize that short‐term follow‐up cannot conclusively demonstrate effectiveness and durability of this treatment and that, given the high risk of recurrence, a longer‐term observation is needed before making definite conclusions. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:539–541, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of activating enzymes of a novel FBPase inhibitor prodrug, CS‐917
Authors: Kubota Kazuishi , Inaba Shin‐ichi , Nakano Rika , Watanabe Mihoko , Sakurai Hidetaka , Fukushima Yumiko , Ichikawa Kimihisa , Takahashi Tohru , Izumi Takashi , Shinagawa Akira 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCS‐917 (MB06322) is a selective small compound inhibitor of fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase (FBPase), which is expected to be a novel drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by inhibiting gluconeogenesis. CS‐917 is a bisamidate prodrug and activation of CS‐917 requires a two‐step enzyme catalyzed reaction. The first‐step enzyme, esterase, catalyzes the conversion of CS‐917 into the intermediate form (R‐134450) and the second‐step enzyme, phosphoramidase, catalyzes the conversion of R‐134450 into the active form (R‐125338). In this study, we biochemically purified the CS‐917 esterase activity in monkey small intestine and liver. We identified cathepsin A (CTSA) and elastase 3B (ELA3B) as CS‐917 esterases in the small intestine by mass spectrometry, whereas we found CTSA and carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) in monkey liver. We also purified R‐134450 phosphoramidase activity in monkey liver and identified sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, acid‐like 3A (SMPADL3A), as an R‐134450 phosphoramidase, which has not been reported to have any enzyme activity. Recombinant human CTSA, ELA3B, and CES1 showed CS‐917 esterase activity and recombinant human SMPDL3A showed R‐134450 phosphoramidase activity, which confirmed the identification of those enzymes. Identification of metabolic enzymes responsible for the activation process is the requisite first step to understanding the activation process, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of CS‐917 at the molecular level. This is the first identification of a phosphoramidase other than histidine triad nucleotide‐binding protein (HINT) family enzymes and SMPDL3A might generally contribute to activation of the other bisamidate prodrugs.
Recurrence of suicide attempt in adolescents lost to contact early by clinicians: The 10‐year REPEATERS cohort of French adolescents
Authors: Ligier Fabienne , Guillemin Francis , Angot Catherine , Bourion Stéphanie , Kabuth Bernard 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTLosing contact with adult suicide attempters in the year after the suicide attempt (SA) increases the risk of recurrence. The situation with adolescents is unknown. We aimed to determine whether being lost to contact early (LCE) by clinicians is a risk factor of long‐term SA recurrence among adolescents and the associated factors. Data were collected 10 years after an index SA and a Cox model was used for analysis. Among the 249 SA patients included, 59 (24%) were LCE, the most important risk factor of SA recurrence up to 10 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.8 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.4–5.5]; p = .016). Risk factors of being LCE were female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9 [95% CI 1.1–8.2]; p = .009), a psychiatric comorbidity (OR = 2.2 [1.1–4.3]; p = .023) and no family history of suicide (OR = 2.1 [1.1–4.3]; p = .047). These results support the development of preventive actions early after an SA in an adolescent to maintain contact and care.
Effect of itraconazole on mouse mesencephalic neurons
Authors: Giorgi Chiara , Fausto Catia , Pardini Carla , Simili Marcella , Del Carratore Renata , Vaglini Francesca 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNeuronal cells have complex geometrical shapes, long processes such as axons and dendrites, and as a response to specific stimuli, they go through polarized neuronal migration that influences connectivity and information processing. Recently, it has been discovered that itraconazole, a widely used systemic antifungal drug, has an effect on cell morphology, acting as an inhibitor of the morphogen Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and of the mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR pathways. In this paper we evaluated the effect of itraconazole on mouse mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons following their neurite outgrowth and functional activity by [3H] DA uptake. Furthermore the expression of several neural markers, the activation of the mTOR and of the morphogenic Shh pathways in the neuronal population was examined. Our results show for the first time a strong alteration of neurons morphology and an inhibitory effect of differentiation by itraconazole, probably due to cholesterol trafficking reduction, mTOR and Shh pathways inhibition. The inhibition of mTOR and Shh pathways by this drug has also been found in other cellular systems such as endothelial cells and lung cancer cells, suggesting a conserved mechanism of intercellular communication. As itraconazole is currently involved in multiple human clinical trials as a prospective anticancer agent, the effect on neuronal differentiation should be taken into account.
Ability of magnetocardiography to detect regional dominant frequencies of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yoshida Kentaro , Ogata Kuniomi , Inaba Takeshi , Nakazawa Yoko , Ito Yoko , Yamaguchi Iwao , Kandori Akihiko , Aonuma Kazutaka 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundLead V1 on electrocardiography (ECG) can detect the dominant frequency (DF) of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the right atrium (RA). Paroxysmal AF is characterized by a frequency gradient from the left atrium (LA) to the right atrium (RA). We examined the ability of magnetocardiography (MCG) to detect regional DFs in both the atria.MethodsStudy subjects comprised 18 consecutive patients referred for catheter ablation of persistent AF. An MCG system with 64 magnetic sensors was used to perform MCG in the frontal, lateral, and back planes prior to the ablation procedure in each patient. DFMCG and organization index (OIMCG) were calculated using fast Fourier transformation. Intracardiac electrograms (ICEs) in both the atria and the coronary sinus (CS) were mapped at 17 sites. Regional DFsICE were also determined.ResultsMean LA DFICE was higher than mean RA DFICE (6.40±0.66 versus 6.16±0.80 Hz, P=0.03). DFMCG in the channel having the highest OIMCG was 6.61±0.88 Hz in the frontal plane, 6.52±0.64 Hz in the lateral plane, and 6.42±0.62 Hz in the back plane (P=0.3). In each plane, DFMCG correlated with DFICE at the RA appendage (R=0.95, P<0.0001), the LA appendage (R=0.91, P<0.0001), and the CS (R=0.93, P<0.0001). DFECG in V5 modestly correlated with DFICE at the LA appendage (R=0.82, P<0.0001).ConclusionsMCG could more precisely detect the DFs in the LA and the CS than ECG. However, the usefulness of pre‐procedural detection of the AF frequency gradient for ablation therapy needs to be evaluated in future prospective studies.
Observation of Age‐Related Decline in the Performance of the Transverse Abdominis Muscle
Authors: Davies Paul , Grace Fergal M. , Lewis Mark P. , Sculthorpe Nicholas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has shown that the performance of skeletal muscle declines with advancing age. Coordination of the transverse abdominis (TrA), a deep postural muscle, has been shown to be reduced in persons with low back pain. No previous research has studied the effect of age on the activation on this muscle.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of age on TrA activation in response to rapid arm abduction.DesignCross‐sectional cohort study.SettingUniversity exercise physiology laboratory.ParticipantsA total of 18 adult men (aged 27 ± 7.0 years) for the younger group and 11 older adults (5 men and 6 women, aged 59.6 ± 4.0 years) were recruited for this study.MethodParticipants were positioned on a treatment table and performed a series of rapid arm abduction movements with their right arm while the activation of the TrA muscle was recorded using ultrasound imaging. Onset of arm abduction was measured using surface electromyography and synchronized with the ultrasound through the ultrasound unit's electrocardiogram channel. The mean time difference between the 2 events was calculated during post‐hoc analysis.Main Outcome MeasurementsA Mann‐Whitney test was performed to test for differences in the onset performance of the TrA muscle between the 2 groups.ResultsResults showed that the older group was significantly slower than the younger group in engaging their TrA in response to the rapid arm abduction (P = .036). A separate analysis of the older group data showed that no significant differences existed between the male and female participants that could potentially have acted as a confounding factor for the main finding (P = .126).ConclusionsThis study shows that older adults were slower than younger adults in activating their TrA muscle in response to rapid arm abduction. This delay has the potential to lead to increased occasions when the low back is unprotected, increasing the likelihood of injury or low back pain.
WIELDING THE EPOKOLO: CORPORAL PUNISHMENT AND TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY IN COLONIAL OVAMBOLAND
Authors: JONES DAVID CRAWFORD 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBased on both archival research and oral interviews conducted in northern Namibia, this article traces the history of public flogging in Ovamboland throughout the twentieth century. In contrast to recent scholarship that views corporal punishment in modern Africa mainly through the lens of colonial governance, the article argues that because the South African colonial state never withdrew the power to punish from the region's traditional authorities, these indigenous leaders were able to maintain a degree of legitimacy among their subjects, who looked to the kings and headmen to punish wrongdoers and maintain communal norms. Finally, the article explores why nostalgia for corporal punishment remains a salient feature in Namibian society today, 25 years after the end of colonial rule.
FROM ‘MIGRANTS’ TO ‘REFUGEES’: IDENTITY, AID, AND DECOLONIZATION IN NGARA DISTRICT, TANZANIA
Authors: ROSENTHAL JILL 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article argues that international aid to Rwandan refugees in Ngara district during decolonization unfolded as part of a broader project of nation-state formation and regulation – one that deeply affected local narratives of community and belonging. While there is an extensive scholarship on decolonization and nationalism, we know less about the history of the nation-state as a refugee-generating project, and the role of international aid agencies therein. The history of Rwandan refugees in Ngara district, Tanzania, reveals the constitutive relationship between nation-building and refugee experiences, illustrating that during decolonization local political imaginations congealed around internationally-reified categorizations of the ‘refugee’ and the ‘citizen’.