bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Preparation of Soluble Cellouronic Acid Sodium Salt by 4-Acetamide-TEMPO Mediated Oxidation of Ultrasound-Pretreated Parenchyma Cellulose from Bagasse Pith
Authors: Gao Xin , Chen Keli , Zhang Heng , Peng Lincai 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The parenchyma cellulose isolated from bagasse pith was used as an alternative resource for preparation of water-soluble cellouronic acid sodium salt (CAS). The influence of ultrasound treatment on the cellulose was investigated for obtaining CAS by regioselective oxidization using 4-acetamide-TEMPO and NaClO with NaClO2 as a primary oxidant in an aqueous buffer at pH 6.0. The yield, carboxylate content and polymerization degree (DP) of CAS were measured as a function of ultrasonic power, agitating time and cellulose consistency by an orthogonal test. The ultrasound-treated conditions were further improved by discussion of ultrasonic power, the most important factor influencing the yield and DP. An optimized CAS yield of 72.9% with DP value (DPv) of 212 was found when the ultrasonic strength is 550 W, agitating time is 3 h and cellulose consistency is 2.0%. The oxidation reactivity of cellulose was improved by ultrasonic irradiation, whereas no significant changes in crystallinity of cellulose were measured after ultrasonic treatment. Moreover, the ultrasound treatment has a greater effect on yielding CAS from parenchyma cellulose than from bagasse fibrous' one. The CAS was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The 50th Anniversary of the Committee on Acoustics of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Authors: Rakowski Andrzej , Śliwiński Antoni 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The Committee on Acoustics of the Polish Academy of Sciences was founded in 1964 by the reso lution of the General Assembly of the Polish Academy of Sciences, within its Division of Engineering Sci ences (Division 4). The idea of creating the Committee was brought up by Professor Ignacy Malecki, a distinguished scientist, an academic teacher, and an internationally acclaimed authority on acoustics.
Sensitivity Analysis of Acoustic Field Parameters on a Change of Boundary Conditions in a Room
Authors: Suder-Debska Katarzyna , Czajka Ireneusz , Czechowski Mateusz 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The area of environmental protection concern minimises the impact that technical objects have on the environment. Usually the most effective way of protecting the environment is to influence the source of the problem. For this reason studies are conducted to modify the construction of machines, power machines in particular, so as to minimise their impact on the environment.
In the case of environmental protection from noise it is most convenient to carry out measurements in an anechoic chamber. Unfortunately, this is possible only in very limited circumstances. In all other cases measurements are performed using an engineering method or the survey method, both of which are described in the standards and by taking into account the so-called environmental corrections. The obtained results are burdened with greater error than those of measurements in an anechoic chamber. Therefore, it would seem advantageous to develop a method of obtaining similar and reliable results as those in an anechoic chamber, but in a reverberant field. The authors decided to use numerical modelling for this purpose.
The main objective of this work is a comprehensive analysis of the numerical model of a laboratory designed for acoustic tests of selected power machines. The geometry of a room comprising an area of analysis is easy to design. The main difficulty in modelling the phenomena occurring in the analysed area can be the lack of knowing the boundary conditions. Therefore, the authors made an attempt to analyse the sensitivity of various acoustic parameters in a room in order to change these boundary conditions depending on the sound absorption coefficient
Standing Waves and Acoustic Heating (or Cooling) in Resonators Filled with Chemically Reacting Gas
Authors: Perelomova Anna , Pelc-Garska Weronika 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Standing waves and acoustic heating in a one-dimensional resonator filled with chemically reacting gas, is the subject of investigation. The chemical reaction of A → B type, which takes place in a gas, may be reversible or not. Governing equations for the sound and entropy mode which is generated in the field of sound are derived by use of a special mathematical method. Under some conditions, sound waves propagating in opposite directions do not interact. The character of nonlinear dynamics of the sound and relative acoustic heating or cooling depends on reversibility of a chemical reaction. Some examples of acoustic heating in a resonator are illustrated and discussed.
Two-Microphone Dereverberation for Automatic Speech Recognition of Polish
Authors: Kundegorski Mikolaj , Jackson Philip J.B. , Ziółko Bartosz 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Reverberation is a common problem for many speech technologies, such as automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. This paper investigates the novel combination of precedence, binaural and statistical independence cues for enhancing reverberant speech, prior to ASR, under these adverse acoustical conditions when two microphone signals are available. Results of the enhancement are evaluated in terms of relevant signal measures and accuracy for both English and Polish ASR tasks. These show inconsistencies between the signal and recognition measures, although in recognition the proposed method consistently outperforms all other combinations and the spectral-subtraction baseline.
Dissociative disorders: A study of clinico-demographic profile and associated stressors
Authors: Thapa R 
Published: April 2015

Objectives: To study relevant clinico-demographic profile and stressors of dissociative disorders. Methods: this is a case control study of 39 cases of dissociative disorders and compared with 39 controls using a self designed questionnaire and G. Singh’s Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale (PSLE). Results: The mean age of the cases was 21.23 years. Cases of Dissociative motor disorders had significantly higher age (26.4 yrs) as compared to dissociative convulsion (18.8 yrs) and dissociative stupor (20.6 yrs). (38.5%).Two thirds of the cases had comorbid neuro-psychiatric illness, the commonest one being depression (35.9%). The cases had more stressful life events in the past one year as well as whole life when compared to controls. Family conflict was seen to be the commonest precipitating stress.Conclusions: Dissociative disorder mainly affects young people. Dissociative motor disorder is a distinct subtype with a higher age of onset. Presence of neuro-psychiatric co-morbidity is the rule rather than exception. Psychosocial stressors play an important role in disease production.J Psychiatric Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.2, 2014, pp: 25-30DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12386
Reducing debinding time in thick components fabricated by powder injection molding
Authors: Safarian Asghar , Subaşi Mehmet , Karataş Çetin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Of the five steps in powder injection molding, namely feedstock formulation, mixing, injection, debinding and sintering, the one which markedly demands more time is debinding. Studying the effect of specimen thickness on debinding time in the current study, 316L stainless steel feedstock was exploited as the material for fabrication cylindrical specimens with varying thicknesses ranging from 2 to 10 mm. The thicker the specimen, the more time-consuming the debinding is. In addition, a novel method has been presented to produce thick components with large sections by powder injection molding, using preformed inserts in the injection stage. By using a wrought insert on which the feedstock is injected, the thickness of the injected section in need of debinding decreased while the whole thickness of the component was still large. Finally, defect-free specimens with diameter of 20 mm have been fabricated using inserts with different sizes, which resulted in dramatic reduction of debinding time from several days to only some hours. Moreover, it revealed that the interface of the insert and injected section was bonded properly, reaching more than 400 MPa of shear strength, depending on insert/part diameter ratio.
Study on the σ-phase precipitation of SAF2906 duplex stainless steel
Authors: Fang Yuanfang , Ren Xueping 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Samples of SAF2906 duplex stainless steel were aged at 650 °C, 700 °C, 750 °C, 800 °C, 850 °C, 900 °C and 950 °C for 1 h, after high temperature solution heat treatment. The morphology of 𝜎-phase in aged SAF2906 duplex stainless steel was then studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, and the chemical composition of the 𝜎-phase was determined using X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry. The results indicated that the 𝜎 precipitation in SAF2906 duplex stainless steel formed both inside δ-ferrite with high Cr and Mo concentrations, and along δ-ferrite/γ-austenite interfaces; however, relative to the SAF2205 and SAF2507 duplex stainless steels, the content of Cr in 𝜎-phase increased significantly up to 70 %, which was much higher than Fe in the same phase and became the major element of 𝜎-phase.
Reflection and transmission of ocean wave spectra by a band of randomly distributed ice floes
Authors: Montiel Fabien , Squire Vernon A. , Bennetts Luke G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA new ocean wave/sea-ice interaction model is proposed that simulates how a directional wave spectrum evolves as it travels through an arbitrary finite array of circular ice floes, where wave/ ice dynamics are entirely governed by wave-scattering effects. The model is applied to characterize the wave reflection and transmission properties of a strip of ice floes, such as an ice edge band. A method is devised to extract the reflected and transmitted directional wave spectra produced by the array. The method builds upon an integral mapping from polar to Cartesian coordinates of the scattered wave components. Sensitivity tests are conducted for a row of floes randomly perturbed from a regular arrangement. Results for random arrays are generated using ensemble averaging. A realistic ice edge band is then reconstructed from field experiment data. Simulations show good qualitative agreement with the data in terms of transmitted wave energy and directional spreading. In particular, it is observed that short waves become isotropic quickly after penetrating the ice field.
Longterm Safety and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Tocilizumab Monotherapy: Results from the 2-year Open-label Extension of the MUSASHI Study
Authors: Ogata Atsushi , Amano Koichi , Dobashi Hiroaki , Inoo Masayuki , Ishii Tomonori , Kasama Tsuyoshi , Kawai Shinichi , Kawakami Atsushi , Koike Tatsuya , Miyahara Hisaaki , Miyamoto Toshiaki , Munakata Yasuhiko , Murasawa Akira , Nishimoto Norihiro , Ogawa Noriyoshi , Ojima Tomohiro , Sano Hajime , Shi Kenrin , Shono Eisuke , Suematsu Eiichi , Takahashi Hiroki , Tanaka Yoshiya , Tsukamoto Hiroshi , Nomura Akira ,   the MUSASHI Study Investigators
Published: April 2015

Objective.To evaluate the longterm safety and efficacy of subcutaneous tocilizumab (TCZ-SC) as monotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Of 346 patients who received 24 weeks of double-blind treatment with either TCZ-SC monotherapy, 162 mg every 2 weeks (q2w); or intravenous TCZ (TCZ-IV) monotherapy, 8 mg/kg every 4 weeks; 319 patients continued to receive TCZ-SC q2w in the 84-week open-label extension (OLE) of the MUSASHI study (JAPICCTI-101117). Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity were evaluated for all patients treated with TCZ during 108 weeks.Results.The proportions of patients who achieved American College of Rheumatology 20/50/70 responses, low disease activity [28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) ≤ 3.2], or remission (DAS28 < 2.6) at Week 24 were maintained until Week 108. The incidences of adverse events and serious adverse events were 498.3 and 16.9 per 100 patient-years (PY), respectively. The overall safety of TCZ-SC monotherapy was similar to that of TCZ-IV monotherapy. Rates of injection site reactions (ISR) through 108 weeks remained similar to rates through 24 weeks. ISR were mild and did not cause any patient withdrawals. No serious hypersensitivity events (including anaphylactic reactions) occurred. Anti-TCZ antibodies were present in 2.1% of patients treated with TCZ-SC monotherapy.Conclusion.TCZ-SC monotherapy maintained a favorable safety profile and consistent efficacy throughout the 108-week study. Like TCZ-IV, TCZ-SC could provide an additional treatment option for patients with RA.
Clinical Trials Perception in Rheumatology Patients: Experience from a Single Rheumatology Tertiary Center
Authors: Ciurtin Coziana , Leandro Maria , Fitz-Clarence Halina , Nguyen Hanh , Walsh Stephen B. , Isenberg David A. 
Published: April 2015

Objective.To investigate the perception and willingness of rheumatology patients to participate in clinical trials. No previous similar studies are available.Methods.We conducted a cross-sectional survey of rheumatology patients using a questionnaire, which comprised 2 demographic questions, two 5-point Likert opinion questions, 19 true/false/unsure knowledge questions, and 1 open question addressing what would help the participant to gain a better understanding about clinical trials.Results.Eighty-five patients returned the questionnaires (response rate 84.1%). The mean number of correct answers to the 19 knowledge questions was 10.5 ± 2.87. Patients with higher versus lower levels of education had significantly higher knowledge scores (mean correct answers 59.4 ± 13.1 vs 39.8 ± 20.4, p = 0.013). They also expressed greater willingness to take part in research (87.5% vs 48.2%, p < 0.001). The patients who agreed to participate in research provided significantly more correct answers (59.4 ± 15.3% vs 47.7 ± 27.2%, p = 0.032). Poor disease control as the main reason to join a clinical trial correlated well with patients’ previous participation in research (r = 0.71; p < 0.05) and the lack of understanding of research principles (defined as less than 50% correct answers to the knowledge questions) correlated with the lack of willingness to participate in clinical trials (r = 0.72; p < 0.05).Conclusion.The results of our study revealed that patients lack information about clinical trials (the correct response rate was only slightly above 50%), and that they had a moderate willingness to take part in clinical trials. The need for educational programs about clinical research was highlighted by the participants to the survey.
Collectionneurs d’art contemporain : des acteurs méconnus de la vie artistique
Authors: Sagot-Duvauroux Dominique , Moureau Nathalie , Vidal Marion 
Published: March 2015

Qu’est-ce qu’un collectionneur ? Si le nom a fait officiellement son entrée dans le dictionnaire en 1789 1 , sa définition recouvre des pratiques différentes : certaines approches mettent en avant la valeur subjective attachée à l’objet, tandis que d’autres soulignent l’importance du processus d’accumulation et de sélection. De nombreux traits semblent pouvoir définir communément les collectionneurs, quel que soit l’objet de la collection, coquillage, timbre, papillon ou encore œuvre d’art. Toutefois, les collectionneurs qui soutiennent l’art « en train de se faire » se distinguent par des pratiques plus variées que celles usuellement relevées chez leurs homologues. En effet, en plus d’être acquéreur, le collectionneur d’art contemporain est susceptible d’agir sur la vie artistique, notamment grâce au soutien matériel apporté aux artistes et en contribuant à la construction de la valeur artistique. Cette particularité est d’autant plus notable que l’engagement du collectionneur n’est pas l’apanage d’une seule élite fortunée, comme le montre la typologie des profils de collectionneurs établie ici. Il apparaît en effet que les pratiques de collectionneurs se déploient le long d’un continuum allant du collectionneur acquéreur, mû par le besoin de posséder une œuvre, au collectionneur acteur, pour lequel l’acquisition n’est que l’expression de sa volonté de contribuer à la vitalité de la scène artistique.
L’Europe sociale en chantier(s)
Authors: Béthoux Élodie 
Published: April 2015

Les doutes sur l’existence de l’Europe sociale se montrent récurrents, dans le débat public comme sur la scène académique, alors même que l’Union européenne apparaît comme l’espace dans lequel les tentatives pour poser des cadres collectifs concernant les relations de travail et d’emploi ont été, à ce jour, les plus ambitieuses. Comment expliquer que ces réalisations substantielles laissent le plus souvent la place aux constats sur la fragile dimension sociale de l’Europe ? Cet article y répond en montrant comment les chantiers réalisés au fil des décennies, ayant donné corps à un ensemble de règles et pratiques inédites, se trouvent en partie invisibilisés par la nature même prise par l’Europe sociale comme par son instrumentalisation politique, et sont par ailleurs remis en cause, aujourd’hui, face à la crise économique et aux derniers élargissements.
La force d’une illusion. La Monnaie de Lille et l’autonomie de la place lilloise au premier xix e siècle
Authors: Mastin Jean-Luc 
Published: March 2015

Institution hybride, à la fois publique et privée, dépendant du ministère des Finances et exploitée par une entreprise privée (négoce, banque et industrie), la Monnaie est le cœur de la place lilloise : elle en aspire le papier commercial (notamment sur Paris) et y injecte des espèces. Sous la direction d’Alexandre Beaussier (1816-1840), elle consolide son rang de premier hôtel des monnaies de province et devient même le premier de France sous Charles Diérickx (1840-1846). Grâce à sa situation frontalière, elle s’approvisionne en Belgique et sert de relais entre les places d’Europe du Nord-Ouest (Bruxelles, Anvers, Londres, Hambourg) et Paris. Elle s’insère en outre dans le « système des Rothschild », ce qui contribue à sa puissance mais aussi à sa mort : elle ferme en 1846, victime de la concentration de la frappe à Paris, dirigée par Diérickx depuis 1845. Ardemment défendue par la place car jugée indispensable à son autonomie financière (elle permet de ne pas recourir à la Banque de France), sa production est cependant trop irrégulière et suffit de moins en moins aux besoins financiers croissants liés à l’industrialisation. Après 1846, la Banque de Lille, banque d’émission créée en 1836 par Beaussier, ne parvient pas davantage à réguler le marché de l’argent. En 1848 sa transformation en succursale de la Banque de France permet au contraire l’émergence d’un système bancaire moderne.
First Documentation of Mountain Redbelly Dace Chrosomus oreas in Pennsylvania
Authors: Grant Christopher , Buonaccorsi Vincent , Weimer Alexander , Leibensperger Krista 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Two populations of Chrosomus species were found in two central Pennsylvania streams during electrofishing surveys in July and August of 2011. Analysis of sequence data from the cytochrome b region of the mitochondrial DNA confirmed visual observations that these fish were most closely related to C. oreas; a minnow-fish commonly occurring in Virginia drainages, but never documented in Pennsylvania. Limited genetic analysis suggests that the origin of these fish is either the result of human relocation from genetically uncharacterized native groups of C. oreas, or persistent relict populations. The documentation of this new fish to Pennsylvania, and uncertainty regarding their origin, underscores the need to perform a thorough phylogeographic assessment of C. oreas.
CD28 Promotes Plasma Cell Survival, Sustained Antibody Responses, and BLIMP-1 Upregulation through Its Distal PYAP Proline Motif
Authors: Rozanski Cheryl H. , Utley Adam , Carlson Louise M. , Farren Matthew R. , Murray Megan , Russell Lisa M. , Nair Jayakumar R. , Yang ZhengYu , Brady William , Garrett-Sinha Lee Ann , Schoenberger Stephen P. , Green Jonathan M. , Boise Lawrence H. , Lee Kelvin P. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In health, long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) are essential for durable protective humoral immunity, and, conversely, in disease are a major source of pathogenic Abs in autoimmunity, graft rejection, and allergy. However, the molecular basis for their longevity is largely unknown. We have recently found that CD28 signaling in plasma cells (PC) is essential for sustaining Ab titers, by supporting the survival of LLPC, but not short-lived PC (SLPC). We now find that, unlike SLPC, CD28 activation in LLPC induces prosurvival downstream Vav signaling. Knockin mice with CD28 cytoplasmic tail mutations that abrogate Vav signaling (CD28-AYAA) had significantly fewer LLPC but unaffected SLPC numbers, whereas mice with mutations that abrogate PI3K signaling (CD28-Y170F) were indistinguishable from wild-type controls. This was consistent with the loss of CD28’s prosurvival effect in LLPC from CD28-AYAA, but not CD28-Y170F, mice. Furthermore, the CD28 Vav motif in the B lineage was essential for the long-term maintenance of Ag-specific LLPC populations and Ab titers in vivo. Signaling downstream of the CD28 Vav motif induced previously undescribed transcriptional regulation of B lymphocyte–induced maturation protein-1, a key mediator of PC differentiation and maintenance. These findings suggest CD28 signaling in LLPC modulates the central B lymphocyte–induced maturation protein-1 transcriptional nexus involved in long-term survival and function.