bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of hybrid node and link communities in complex networks
Authors: He Dongxiao , Jin Di , Chen Zheng , Zhang Weixiong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIdentifying communities in complex networks is an effective means for analyzing complex systems, with applications in diverse areas such as social science, engineering, biology and medicine. Finding communities of nodes and finding communities of links are two popular schemes for network analysis. These schemes, however, have inherent drawbacks and are inadequate to capture complex organizational structures in real networks. We introduce a new scheme and an effective approach for identifying complex mixture structures of node and link communities, called hybrid node-link communities. A central piece of our approach is a probabilistic model that accommodates node, link and hybrid node-link communities. Our extensive experiments on various real-world networks, including a large protein-protein interaction network and a large network of semantically associated words, illustrated that the scheme for hybrid communities is superior in revealing network characteristics. Moreover, the new approach outperformed the existing methods for finding node or link communities separately.
The lncRNA NRON modulates HIV-1 replication in a NFAT-dependent manner and is differentially regulated by early and late viral proteins
Authors: Imam Hasan , Shahr Bano Aalia , Patel Paresh , Holla Prasida , Jameel Shahid 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA majority of the human genome is transcribed into noncoding RNAs, of which the functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are poorly understood. Many host proteins and RNAs have been characterized for their roles in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis, but there is only one lncRNA, NEAT1, which is shown to affect the HIV-1 life cycle. We profiled 90 disease-related lncRNAs and found NRON (noncoding repressor of Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells [NFAT]) to be one of several lncRNAs whose expression was significantly altered following HIV-1 infection. The regulation of NRON expression during the HIV-1 life cycle was complex; its levels were reduced by the early viral accessory protein Nef and increased by the late protein Vpu. Consequently, Nef and Vpu also modulated activity of the transcription factor NFAT. The knockdown of NRON enhanced HIV-1 replication through increased activity of NFAT and the viral LTR. Using siRNA-mediated NFAT knockdown, we show the effects of NRON on HIV-1 replication to be mediated by NFAT and the viral Nef and Vpu proteins to modulate NFAT activity through their effects on NRON. These findings add the lncRNA, NRON to the vast repertoire of host factors utilized by HIV for infection and persistence.
The role of seedling recruitment from juvenile populations of Carex brevicuspis (Cyperaceae) at the Dongting Lake wetlands, China
Authors: Deng Zheng-miao , Chen Xin-sheng , Xie Yong-hong , Xie Ya-jun , Hou Zhi-yong , Li Feng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSeedlings and vegetative ramets may contribute differentially to the recruitment of clonal populations in different growth phases, but this has rarely been investigated. In this study, we quantified the number and survivorship of seedlings and vegetative ramets monthly in juvenile and mature populations of Carex brevicuspis. During the first growing season after flooding (from October to January), 9 seedlings m−2 (13% of all established shoots) were found in juvenile populations, while no seedlings were found in mature populations. During the second growing season before flooding (from February to May), no new seedling recruits were found either in juvenile or in mature populations. All shoots of seedlings were withered during the dormant season (January and February), but 62.5% seedlings could produce vegetative ramets in the following growing season. During the dormant season, all the early emerging ramets (sprouted in October) withered, but the later emerging ones (sprouted in November and December) survived in both mature and juvenile populations. These results indicated that seedling recruitment was only apparent in juvenile populations of C. brevicuspis. The genetic diversity in mature C.brevicuspis populations may be established in juvenile populations by seedling recruitment and sustained in mature populations by vegetative reproduction.
Optical Nonreciprocity in Asymmetric Optomechanical Couplers
Authors: Wang Zheqi , Shi Lei , Liu Yi , Xu Xinbiao , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe propose an all-optical integrated nonreciprocal device on the optomechanical platform with a large nonreciprocal bandwidth and low operating power. The device is based on an asymmetric silicon coupler consisting of two branches. One of them is a conventional strip waveguide fixed on the substrate and the other is a freestanding nanostring suspended above a groove in the substrate. When light is launched into the coupler, the optical gradient force between the freestanding nanostring and the underlying substrate leads to the deflection of the nanostring and finally results in destruction of the initial phase-matching condition between the two branches. The suspended branch would achieve distinct deflections when light is incident from different ports. The simulation results show a nonreciprocal bandwidth of 13.1 nm with operating power of 390 μW. With the advantages of simple structure, low power consumption and large operating bandwidth, our work provides a promising solution for on-chip passive nonreciprocal device.
Association of a nicotinic receptor gene polymorphism with spontaneous eyeblink rates
Authors: Nakano Tamami , Kuriyama Chiho , Himichi Toshiyuki , Nomura Michio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSpontaneous eyeblink rates greatly vary among individuals from several blinks to a few dozen blinks per minute. Because dopamine agonists immediately increase the blink rate, individual differences in blink rate are used as a behavioral index of central dopamine functioning. However, an association of the blink rate with polymorphisms in dopamine-related genes has yet not been found. In this study, we demonstrated that a genetic variation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor CHRNA4 (rs1044396) increased the blink rate while watching a video. A receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the blink rate predicts a genetic variation in the nicotinic receptor gene with a significant discrimination level (0.66, p < 0.004). The present study suggests that differences in sensitivity to acetylcholine because of the genetic variation of the nicotinic receptor are associated with individual differences in spontaneous eye blink rate.
The scent of mixtures: rules of odour processing in ants
Authors: Perez Margot , Giurfa Martin , d'Ettorre Patrizia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNatural odours are complex blends of numerous components. Understanding how animals perceive odour mixtures is central to multiple disciplines. Here we focused on carpenter ants, which rely on odours in various behavioural contexts. We studied overshadowing, a phenomenon that occurs when animals having learnt a binary mixture respond less to one component than to the other and less than when this component was learnt alone. Ants were trained individually with alcohols and aldehydes varying in carbon-chain length, either as single odours or binary mixtures. They were then tested with the mixture and the components. Overshadowing resulted from the interaction between chain length and functional group: alcohols overshadowed aldehydes and longer chain lengths overshadowed shorter ones; yet, combinations of these factors could cancel each other and suppress overshadowing. Our results show how ants treat binary olfactory mixtures and set the basis for predictive analyses of odour perception in insects.
Selective spatial attention modulates bottom-up informational masking of speech
Authors: Carlile Simon , Corkhill Caitlin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTo hear out a conversation against other talkers listeners overcome energetic and informational masking. Largely attributed to top-down processes, information masking has also been demonstrated using unintelligible speech and amplitude-modulated maskers suggesting bottom-up processes. We examined the role of speech-like amplitude modulations in information masking using a spatial masking release paradigm. Separating a target talker from two masker talkers produced a 20 dB improvement in speech reception threshold; 40% of which was attributed to a release from informational masking. When across frequency temporal modulations in the masker talkers are decorrelated the speech is unintelligible, although the within frequency modulation characteristics remains identical. Used as a masker as above, the information masking accounted for 37% of the spatial unmasking seen with this masker. This unintelligible and highly differentiable masker is unlikely to involve top-down processes. These data provides strong evidence of bottom-up masking involving speech-like, within-frequency modulations and that this, presumably low level process, can be modulated by selective spatial attention.
High-throughput preparation methods of crude extract for robust cell-free protein synthesis
Authors: Kwon Yong-Chan , Jewett Michael C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCrude extract based cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) has emerged as a powerful technology platform for high-throughput protein production and genetic part characterization. Unfortunately, robust preparation of highly active extracts generally requires specialized and costly equipment and can be labor and time intensive. Moreover, cell lysis procedures can be hard to standardize, leading to different extract performance across laboratories. These challenges limit new entrants to the field and new applications, such as comprehensive genome engineering programs to improve extract performance. To address these challenges, we developed a generalizable and easily accessible high-throughput crude extract preparation method for CFPS based on sonication. To validate our approach, we investigated two Escherichia coli strains: BL21 Star™ (DE3) and a K12 MG1655 variant, achieving similar productivity (defined as CFPS yield in g/L) by varying only a few parameters. In addition, we observed identical productivity of cell extracts generated from culture volumes spanning three orders of magnitude (10 mL culture tubes to 10 L fermentation). We anticipate that our rapid and robust extract preparation method will speed-up screening of genomically engineered strains for CFPS applications, make possible highly active extracts from non-model organisms and promote a more general use of CFPS in synthetic biology and biotechnology.
Using visual lateralization to model learning and memory in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Andersson Madelene Åberg , Ek Fredrik , Olsson Roger 
Published: March 2015

AbstractImpaired learning and memory are common symptoms of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Present, there are several behavioural test employed to assess cognitive functions in animal models, including the frequently used novel object recognition (NOR) test. However, although atypical functional brain lateralization has been associated with neuropsychiatric conditions, spanning from schizophrenia to autism, few animal models are available to study this phenomenon in learning and memory deficits. Here we present a visual lateralization NOR model (VLNOR) in zebrafish larvae as an assay that combines brain lateralization and NOR. In zebrafish larvae, learning and memory are generally assessed by habituation, sensitization, or conditioning paradigms, which are all representatives of nondeclarative memory. The VLNOR is the first model for zebrafish larvae that studies a memory similar to the declarative memory described for mammals. We demonstrate that VLNOR can be used to study memory formation, storage and recall of novel objects, both short and long term, in 10-day-old zebrafish. Furthermore we show that the VLNOR model can be used to study chemical modulation of memory formation and maintenance using dizocilpine (MK-801), a frequently used non-competitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor, used to test putative antipsychotics in animal models.
Extraordinary sensitivity enhancement by metasurfaces in terahertz detection of antibiotics
Authors: Xie Lijuan , Gao Weilu , Shu Jie , Ying Yibin , Kono Junichiro 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe have detected trace amounts of molecules of antibiotics (kanamycin sulfate) dispersed on metasurfaces with terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. Utilizing the extraordinary optical transmission resonance of an array of square-shaped slits on a silicon substrate at ~0.3 THz, we were able to monitor varying concentrations of kanamycin sulfate as low as ~100 picogram/L. In contrast, the lowest detectable concentration of kanamycin sulfate on silicon without any metallic structure was ~1 gram/L. This dramatic ~1010 times enhancement of sensitivity is due to the near-field enhancement of THz electric fields by the metamaterial structure. This result thus demonstrates the power and usefulness of metamaterial-assisted THz spectroscopy in trace molecular detection for biological and chemical sensing as well as for food product quality and safety inspection and control.
Mitogen-activated protein kinases MpkA and MpkB independently affect micafungin sensitivity in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Yoshimi Akira , Fujioka Tomonori , Mizutani Osamu , Marui Junichiro , Hagiwara Daisuke , Abe Keietsu 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of the MAPK mpkA and cell wall-related genes in Aspergillus nidulans differs from that of their counterparts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The A. nidulans MAPK MpkB is putatively orthologous to the yeast MAPKs Kss1p and Fus3p. To investigate MpkB and its contribution to cell wall integrity in A. nidulans, we constructed mpkB-disruptant (mpkB∆) strains. We previously showed that mpkA∆ strains exhibited reduced colony growth and increased sensitivity to the β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor micafungin. Like mpkA∆ strains, mpkB∆ strains exhibited slight growth retardation and increased sensitivity to micafungin. Although MpkB-dependent signaling modulated the transcription of some cell wall-related genes, the sugar composition of cell wall fractions was similar among wild-type, mpkA∆, and mpkB∆ strains. To elucidate the relationship between MpkA and MpkB pathways, we compared conditional mutants of mpkB with those with mpkA deletion. Sensitivity testing suggested that MpkA and MpkB additively contribute to micafungin activity in A. nidulans.
Monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy complicated by twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Noori Muna , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Monochorionic twin pregnancies can be associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly, as this case describes, if associated with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. This case gives insight into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of twin-to-twin transfusion treatment, with particular attention to fetoscopic ablation of placental vessels, a technique which optimizes fetal survival whilst minimizing morbidity, and is the treatment of choice for advanced disease.
The challenges and controversies of pregnancy and diabetes
Authors: Thaware Parag , Cauldwell Matthew , McCance David R 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe care of pregnant women with diabetes can be challenging for both patient and clinician. Via a case of pregnancy in a woman with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus, this case highlights the key areas in the management of such pregnancies, particularly the importance of pre-conceptual counselling, screening for pregnancy and diabetes-related complications, and optimal glycaemic control. This is illustrated by key findings from the Hyperglycaemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome [HAPO] Study and the Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) trial.
Management of a pregnant woman with morbid obesity
Authors: Chiswick Carolyn , Denison Fiona , Fitzwilliams Ben 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
As a result of the global obesity epidemic, more women than ever are starting their pregnancy overweight or obese, putting them at greater risk of pregnancy complications. This case describes the course of a pregnancy in a woman with a BMI of 49 kg/m2. As the case progresses, the challenges associated with such pregnancies are highlighted; in particular, maternal risk such as diabetes and pre-eclampsia as well as surgical and anaesthetic complications.
Vaginal birth after caesarean section
Authors: Atere-Roberts Natalie , Impey Lawrence W , Lee Geraint 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Whilst success rates are high and catastrophic consequences following vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) are extremely rare, the obstetrician must be alert to the increased fetal and maternal risk associated with VBAC when compared to repeat elective caesarean section. This case, describing a case of VBAC resulting in uterine rupture, demonstrates the importance of close intrapartum monitoring using a partogram and cardiotocography, early recognition of rupture and expeditious management. Alongside the case, factors which may be use to predict successful outcome of a VBAC are discussed, as well as aspects of risk management following any adverse event. Expert commentary from the neonatologist gives insight into the management and prognosis of hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury resulting from birth trauma.
Forewarned is forearmed in massive obstetric haemorrhage
Authors: Kopeika Julia , Bewley Susan , Fitzwilliams Ben , Robinson Susan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPostpartum haemorrhage is the commonest life-threatening obstetric emergency that justifies our professional existence. We treat it successfully most of the time, but cannot take any haemorrhage for granted, as this case shows. However, a combination of training, regular drills, and skills, clinical experience, and reflection prepare doctors for the next cases. This case describes a massive postpartum haemorrhage following the induction of labour of an obese multiparous woman. It illustrates several important points in the diagnosis and management of postpartum haemorrhage, and the typical challenges on the frontline of care. The value of early recognition, involvement of experienced staff, efficient communication, and multidisciplinary teamwork (particularly with the haematologist and anaesthetist) is central to the successful management of a sick patient such as this.
Treating urinary incontinence: an evolving challenge for us all
Authors: Cortes Eduard , Webster Louise , Kelleher Con 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms are common, affecting up to 35 % of women in European countries. However, this heterogenous group of symptoms correlates poorly with underlying diagnosis. By describing a case of a 61-year-old woman with troubling urinary urgency, urge incontinence, and frequency, this case provides a systematic approach to aid the assessment, investigation, and management of women presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms.
Mutation rate estimation for 15 autosomal STR loci in a large population from Mainland China
Authors: Zhao Zhuo , Wang Hua , Zhang Jie , Liu Zhi-Peng , Liu Ming , Zhang Yuan , Sun Li , Zhang Hui 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSTR, short trandem repeats, is well known as a type of powerful genetic marker and widely used in studying human population genetics. Compared with the conventional genetic markers, the mutation rate of STR is higher. Additionally, the mutations of STR loci do not lead to genetic inconsistencies between the genotypes of parents and children; therefore, the analysis of STR mutation is more suited to assess the population mutation. In this study, we focused on 15 autosomal STR loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, FGA). DNA samples from a total of 42416 unrelated healthy individuals (19037 trios) from the population of Mainland China collected between Jan 2012 and May 2014 were successfully investigated. In our study, the allele frequencies, paternal mutation rates, maternal mutation rates and average mutation rates were detected in the 15 STR loci. Furthermore, we also investigated the relationship between paternal ages, maternal ages, pregnant time, area and average mutation rate. We found that paternal mutation rate is higher than maternal mutation rate and the paternal, maternal, and average mutation rates have a positive correlation with paternal ages, maternal ages and times respectively. Additionally, the average mutation rates of coastal areas are higher than that of inland areas. Overall, these results suggest that the 15 autosomal STR loci can provide highly informative polymorphic data for population genetic assessment in Mainland China, as well as confirm and extend the application of STR analysis in population genetics.
Bridging the gap between biodiversity data and policy reporting needs: An Essential Biodiversity Variables perspective
Authors: Geijzendorffer Ilse R. , Regan Eugenie C. , Pereira Henrique M. , Brotons Lluis , Brummitt Neil , Gavish Yoni , Haase Peter , Martin Corinne S. , Mihoub Jean‐Baptiste , Secades Cristina , Schmeller Dirk S. , Stoll Stefan , Wetzel Florian T. , Walters Michele 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Political commitment and policy instruments to halt biodiversity loss require robust data and a diverse indicator set to monitor and report on biodiversity trends. Gaps in data availability and narrow‐based indicator sets are significant information barriers to fulfilling these needs.

In this paper, the reporting requirements of seven global or European biodiversity policy instruments were reviewed using the list of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) as an analytical framework. The reporting requirements for the most comprehensive policy instrument, the United Nation's Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, were compared with the indicator set actually used for its reporting, to identify current information gaps. To explore the extent to which identified gaps could be bridged, the potential contribution of data mobilization, modelling and further processing of existing data was assessed.

The information gaps identified demonstrate that decision‐makers are currently constrained by the lack of data and indicators on changes in the EBV classes Genetic Composition and, to a lesser extent, Species Populations for which data is most often available. Furthermore, the results show that even when there is a requirement for specific information for reporting, the indicators used may not be able to provide all the information, for example current Convention of Biological Diversity indicators provide relatively little information on changes in the Ecosystem Function and Ecosystem Structure classes. This gap could be partly closed by using existing indicators as proxies, whereas additional indicators may be computed based on available data (e.g. for EBVs in the Ecosystem Structure class). However, for the EBV class Genetic Composition, no immediate improvement based on proxies or existing data seems possible.

Synthesis and applications. Using Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) as a tool, theory‐driven comparisons could be made between the biodiversity information gaps in reporting and indicator sets. Analytical properties, such as an identification of which data and indicator(s) are relevant per EBV, will need to be addressed before EBVs can actually become operational and facilitate the integration of data flows for monitoring and reporting. In the meantime, a first analysis shows that existing indicators and available data offer considerable potential for bridging the identified information gaps.