bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connectivity of wood thrush breeding, wintering, and migration sites based on range‐wide tracking
Authors: Stanley Calandra Q. , McKinnon Emily A. , Fraser Kevin C. , Macpherson Maggie P. , Casbourn Garth , Friesen Lyle , Marra Peter P. , Studds Colin , Ryder T. Brandt , Diggs Nora E. , Stutchbury Bridget J. M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMany migratory animals are experiencing rapid population declines, but migration data with the geographic scope and resolution to quantify the complex network of movements between breeding and nonbreeding regions are often lacking. Determining the most frequently used migration routes and nonbreeding regions for a species is critical for understanding population dynamics and making effective conservation decisions. We tracked the migration of individual Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) (n = 102) from across their range with light‐level geolocators and, for the first time, quantified migration routes and wintering regions for distinct breeding populations. We identified regional and species‐level migratory connectivity networks for this declining songbird by combining our tracking results with range‐wide breeding abundance estimates and forest cover data. More than 50% of the species occupied the eastern wintering range (Honduras to Costa Rica), a region that includes only one‐third of all wintering habitat and that is undergoing intensive deforestation. We estimated that half of all Wood Thrushes in North America migrate south through Florida in fall, whereas in spring approximately 73% funnel northward through a narrow span along the central U.S. Gulf Coast (88–93°W). Identifying migratory networks is a critical step for conservation of songbirds and we demonstrated with Wood Thrushes how it can highlight conservation hotspots for regional populations and species as a whole.Conectividad de Sitios de Reproducción, Invierno y Migración del Zorzal con Base en Rastreo de Cobertura Amplia
A Model for Developing, Evaluating, and Disseminating Best Practices in Education and Training
Authors: Weinberger Morris , Pusek Susan N. , Esserman Denise A. , Loehr Laura A. , Miller William C. , Orringer Eugene P. , Weaver Mark A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWith the shift toward team‐based translational science came recognition that existing strategies for training individual investigators and retaining them in the biomedical workforce would be inadequate. To support this shift, it is important to: develop innovative strategies to educate and train diverse members of research teams; evaluate those programs; and disseminate best practices broadly. We have developed a four‐phase model to facilitate the development, evaluation, and widespread dissemination of innovative strategies to train the biomedical research workforce. Phase I (Innovate) involves small scale trials of programs to address perceived training needs or new methods of delivery. Phase II (Incubate) refines and evaluates promising Phase I activities on a larger scale. Phase III (Translate) seeks to replicate initial successes either locally (Phase IIIa) or with other interested institutions (Phase IIIb). Phase IV (Disseminate) assesses whether identified local best practices can have success on a broader scale. We present specific examples from our own experience that demonstrate the utility of this model, and then conclude with opportunities and challenges related to the education and training of this workforce.
Postural control at 4 years in very preterm children compared with term‐born peers
Authors: Lorefice Lucy E , Galea Mary P , Clark Ross A , Doyle Lex W , Anderson Peter J , Spittle Alicia J 
Published: July 2014

AimTo compare postural control at 4 years' corrected age in very preterm children (VPT; <30wks gestational age) with term‐born (>37wks gestational age) comparison participants.MethodNinety VPT children (45 males, 45 females; mean age at assessment 4y 1mo; mean birthweight 1022g; mean gestational age 27.3wks) and 36 term comparison participants (17 males, 19 females; mean age at assessment 4y; mean birthweight 3507g; mean gestational age 39.4wks) were assessed for postural stability with a portable force plate, the Wii Balance Board. Tasks included static two‐limbed standing with eyes open, eyes closed, eyes open on a foam mat, eyes closed on a foam mat, a cognitive dual task, and single leg standing on each limb. The cognitive dual task involved showing the participants a series of pictures that appeared on screen at 2‐second intervals. Impaired postural control was defined as increased postural sway measured by centre of pressure path‐length velocity. Functional performance was assessed during dynamic jumping and hopping tasks using the outcome measure flight time, with shorter time indicating worse performance.ResultsVPT children had impaired static and dynamic balance, with increased postural sway under all conditions, and reduced flight times compared with children born at term. When results were adjusted for body weight, the only group differences in postural control were in the cognitive dual task (cm/s; mean difference 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02, 1.2; p=0.04) and flight times (ms; jumping; mean difference −26.0; 95% CI −47.1, −5.0; p=0.02; left leg hopping; mean difference −30.1; 95% CI −48.5, −11.8; p=0.002).InterpretationVPT children demonstrated reduced postural control at 4 years of age compared with term‐born children when presented with a cognitive dual task. They also performed worse during jumping and hopping tasks.
Serum cystatin C and serum and urine NGAL in the kidney function assessment of patients with MGUS
Authors: Stelmach‐Goldys Agnieszka , Czarkowska‐Paczek Bozena , Wyczalkowska‐Tomasik Aleksandra , Paczek Leszek 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) occurs without other symptoms, although monoclonal proteins can cause kidney injuries. Here, we assessed kidney function and identified the best follow‐up parameters in patients with MGUS without kidney damage symptoms.MethodologyForty‐six patients with MGUS were included in the study group. The control group (CRT, n = 23) consisted of healthy subjects matched for age and sex. Serum cystatin C was determined using an immunonephelometric method, serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) was measured with an immunoenzymatic method, and cathepsin B activity was determined fluorometrically.ResultsSerum cystatin C and urine NGAL were higher, and serum NGAL was lower in MGUS patients compared with CRT. Neither serum cystatin C, nor serum or urine NGAL, correlated with the biomarkers of MGUS. The serum activity of cathepsin B did not differ between groups and did not correlate with serum cystatin C. Serum cystatin C correlated with serum creatinine, while serum NGAL did not correlate with serum creatinine or cystatin C. The estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) in MGUS were within normal range and correlated with serum cystatin C. The strongest correlation was observed for CKD‐EPI. Seven patients presented with albuminuria >30 mg/day. There was a correlation between albuminuria in this group and λ free light chains.ConclusionsThe kidney function in MGUS patients is impaired, although there are no clinical and standard laboratory test manifestations. Cystatin C and urine, but not serum, NGAL should be considered markers for kidney injury. CKD‐EPI is recommended for eGFR assessment.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the stratum corneum: a marker of the local severity of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Yasuda Chie , Enomoto Akiko , Ishiwatari Shioji , Mori Naoya , Kagoyama Ko , Matsunaga Kenji , Yoshihisa Yoko , Matsukuma Shoko , Shimizu Tadamichi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDifferent biomarkers are used to evaluate the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD); however, it remains difficult to determine the severity of localized skin lesions. MIF plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of skin inflammation. To establish whether the MIF level in the stratum corneum (SC) serves as a marker of the severity of AD lesions, we examined the SC MIF (scMIF) levels in AD patients. The SC of the cheek, neck and upper arm skin was collected using tape stripping, and the scMIF levels were measured. Consequently, the scMIF levels were found to be significantly higher in the involved skin lesions than the uninvolved areas within the same patient. Moreover, the scMIF levels were significantly correlated with the severity of local skin lesions. These findings suggest that the scMIF level can be used as an effective marker for evaluating the local severity of AD.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in somites plays a role during the angiogenesis of zebrafish embryos
Authors: Lee Hung‐Chieh , Lin Yi‐Zhen , Lai Yen‐Ting , Huang Wei‐Jhen , Hu Jia‐Rung , Tsai Jen‐Ning , Tsai Huai‐Jen 
Published: July 2014

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (Gsk3b) acts as a negative modulator in endothelial cells through the Wnt/β–catenin/PI3K/AKT/Gsk3b axis in cancer‐induced angiogenesis. However, the function of Gsk3b during embryonic angiogenesis remains unclear. Here, either gsk3b knockdown by morpholino or Gsk3b loss of activity by LiCl treatment had serious phenotypic consequences, such as defects in the positioning and patterning of intersegmental blood vessels and reduction of vegfaa121 and vegfaa165 transcripts. In embryos treated with the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor, angiogenesis was severely inhibited, along with reduced Wnt, phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated Gsk3b, suggesting that the remaining Gsk3b in somites could still degrade β–catenin, resulting in decreased vascular endothelial growth factor Aa(VegfAa) expression. However, in gsk3b‐mRNA‐overexpressed embryos, intersegmental vessels ectopically sprouted by the increase in phosphorylated‐Gsk3b which prevented the degradation of β–catenin and promoted the increase in phosphorylated AKT activity, thus increasing VegfAa expression in somites. Interestingly, the Gsk3b‐dependent cross‐talk between PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β–catenin suggests that Wnt/β–catenin and PI3K/AKT interaction controls embryonic angiogenesis by a positive feedback loop rather than a hierarchical framework such as that found in cancer‐induced angiogenesis. Thus, both active and inactive forms of Gsk3b mediate the cooperative signaling between Wnt/β–catenin and PI3K/AKT to control VegfAa expression in somites during angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos.
Intermittent hemodialysis treatment in cefepime‐induced neurotoxicity: Case report, pharmacokinetic modeling, and review of the literature
Authors: Mani Laila‐Yasmin , Kissling Sébastien , Viceic Dragana , Vogt Bruno , Burnier Michel , Buclin Thierry , Renard Delphine 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCefepime is a broad‐spectrum cephalosporin indicated for in‐hospital treatment of severe infections. Acute neurotoxicity, an increasingly recognized adverse effect of this drug in an overdose, predominantly affects patients with reduced renal function. Although dialytic approaches have been advocated to treat this condition, their role in this indication remains unclear. We report the case of an 88‐year‐old female patient with impaired renal function who developed life‐threatening neurologic symptoms during cefepime therapy. She was treated with two intermittent 3‐hour high‐flux, high‐efficiency hemodialysis sessions. Serial pre‐, post‐, and peridialytic (pre‐ and postfilter) serum cefepime concentrations were measured. Pharmacokinetic modeling showed that this dialytic strategy allowed for serum cefepime concentrations to return to the estimated nontoxic range 15 hours earlier than would have been the case without an intervention. The patient made a full clinical recovery over the next 48 hours. We conclude that at least 1 session of intermittent hemodialysis may shorten the time to return to the nontoxic range in severe clinically patent intoxication. It should be considered early in its clinical course pending chemical confirmation, even in frail elderly patients. Careful dosage adjustment and a high index of suspicion are essential in this population.
Helicobacter pylori Induces Cell Migration and Invasion Through Casein Kinase 2 in Gastric Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lee Yeo Song , Lee Do Yeon , Yu Da Yeon , Kim Shin , Lee Yong Chan 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundChronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is causally linked with gastric carcinogenesis. Virulent H. pylori strains deliver bacterial CagA into gastric epithelial cells. Induction of high motility and an elongated phenotype is considered to be CagA‐dependent process. Casein kinase 2 plays a critical role in carcinogenesis through signaling pathways related to the epithelial mesenchymal transition. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of H. pylori infection on the casein kinase 2‐mediated migration and invasion in gastric epithelial cells.Materials and MethodsAGS or MKN28 cells as human gastric epithelial cells and H. pylori strains Hp60190 (ATCC 49503, CagA+) and Hp8822 (CagA−) were used. Cells were infected with H. pylori at multiplicity of infection of 100 : 1 for various times. We measured in vitro kinase assay to examine casein kinase 2 activity and performed immunofluorescent staining to observe E‐cadherin complex. We also examined β‐catenin transactivation through promoter assay and MMP7 expression by real‐time PCR and ELISA.ResultsH. pylori upregulates casein kinase 2 activity and inhibition of casein kinase 2 in H. pylori‐infected cells profoundly suppressed cell invasiveness and motility. We confirmed that casein kinase 2 mediates membranous α‐catenin depletion through dissociation of the α‐/β‐catenin complex in H. pylori‐infected cells. We also found that H. pylori induces β‐catenin nuclear translocation and increases MMP7 expressions mediated through casein kinase 2.ConclusionsWe show for the first time that CagA+ H. pylori upregulates cellular invasiveness and motility through casein kinase 2. The demonstration of a mechanistic interplay between H. pylori and casein kinase 2 provides important insights into the role of CagA+ H. pylori in the gastric cancer invasion and metastasis.
Role of 3‐D conformal radiotherapy for major portal vein tumor thrombosis combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fujino Hatsue , Kimura Tomoki , Aikata Hiroshi , Miyaki Daisuke , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Kan Hiromi , Fukuhara Takayuki , Kobayashi Tomoki , Naeshiro Noriaki , Honda Yohji , Tsuge Masataka , Hiramatsu Akira , Imamura Michio , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Hyogo Hideyuki , Takahashi Shoichi , Yoshimatsu Rika , Yamagami Takuji , Kenjo Masahiro , Nagata Yasushi , Awai Kazuo , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: July 2014

AimTo evaluate the response, survival and safety on 3‐D conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT) for major portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsIn this retrospective study, 83 advanced HCC patients treated with HAIC who met the following criteria were enrolled: (i) PVTT of the main trunk or first branch of the portal vein; (ii) no extrahepatic metastasis; (iii) Child–Pugh score of 5–7; (iv) performance status of 0 or 1; and (v) no history of sorafenib treatment. The response, overall survival (OS), time to treatment failure (TTF), post‐progression survival (PPS) and safety were compared between HAIC combined with 3D‐CRT for PVTT (RT group, n = 41) and HAIC alone (non‐RT group, n = 42).ResultsThe objective response of PVTT was significantly higher in the RT group (56.1%) than in the non‐RT group (33.3%), while that of intrahepatic tumor and OS were not significantly different between groups. Median OS, TTF and PPS were significantly longer in the RT group than in the non‐RT group (8.6 and 5.0 months, 5.0 and 2.7 months, and 5.3 and 1.5 months, respectively) among intrahepatic tumor non‐responders to HAIC, whereas those were not significantly different between groups among intrahepatic tumor responders to HAIC. By multivariate analysis, the combination of 3D‐CRT with HAIC was an independent contributing factor for OS (hazard ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.692–6.021; P < 0.001) among intrahepatic HCC non‐responders to HAIC.Conclusion3D‐CRT for PVTT combined with HAIC could provide survival benefit to non‐responder to HAIC.
Collaborative Doctoral Programmes: Employer Engagement, Knowledge Mediation and Skills for Innovation
Authors: Kitagawa Fumi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates forms of collaborative doctoral programmes that enable employer engagement in innovation and skills development. Collaborative doctoral programmes exist in different national contexts for the development of the science and technology human capital. Such programmes are also seen as policy tools that enhance relationships between academia and industry. Illustrative cases of collaborative doctoral programmes in theUnitedKingdom highlight the co‐existence and co‐evolution of several models of collaborative doctoral programmes. Collaborative doctoral programmes, both centre format and non‐centre format, provide an institutional space where doctoral students as social actors can build their professional identities as the nascent bridging scientists. For the university, both internal and external management and governance of such hybrid space for knowledge production and mediation is of critical importance for the long‐term impact.
European Mobility of United Kingdom Educated Graduates. Who Stays, Who Goes?
Authors: Behle Heike 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOfficial figures from the Home Office show an increase in mobility of the highly‐skilled from the United Kingdom (UK) to other European countries. This paper analyses the social composition of intra‐European mobile graduates from the UK in the context of recent political developments (Bologna‐Process, European Higher Education Area). Using quantitative and qualitative data from a longitudinal study of students and its follow‐up study, the paper compares the social composition and current activity of intra‐European mobile graduates with those remaining in the UK. Personal and higher education‐related variables together with the current type of employment were significant for the distinction between intra‐European mobile graduates and ‘UK stayers’. UK‐educated mobile graduates were identified as ‘Eurostars’, who come from high social classes or studied at high tariff higher education institutions. Mobility was identified as one way for UK‐educated graduates to avoid employment in non‐graduate jobs and add further value to their undergraduate degrees.
Major histocompatibility complex class II polymorphisms in forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) and their probable association with purulent disease
Authors: Li L. , Wang B. B. , Ge Y. F. , Wan Q. H. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryGenes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) family are crucial in immune responses because they present pathogenic peptides to T cells. In this study, we analysed the genetic variation in forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii)MHCII genes and its potential association with musk deer purulent disease. In total, 53 purulent disease‐susceptible and 46 purulent disease‐resistant individuals were selected forMHCII exon 2 fragment analysis. Among them, 16DQalleles and four additionalDRalleles were identified, withDQexon 2 fragments displaying a low level of polymorphism. The nonsynonymous substitutions exceeded the synonymous substitutions in the peptide‐binding sites ofDQA2,DQB1 andDQB2. Then, 28MHCII alleles were used to analyse the distribution patterns of purulent disease between the susceptible and resistant groups. Among them, three alleles (DQA1*01,DQA1*02 andDQA2*04) were found to be resistant, and five alleles (DRB3*07,DQA1*03,DQA1*04,DQA2*05 andDQA2*06) were found to increase susceptibility. Additionally, three haplotypes were found to be putatively associated with musk deer purulent disease. However, these three haplotypes were only found in the resistant or susceptible group, and their frequencies were low. The results from our study support a contributory role ofMHCII polymorphisms in the development of purulent disease in forest musk deer.
Consensus recommendations for using the Multiplate® for platelet function monitoring before cardiac surgery
Authors: Kong R. , Trimmings A. , Hutchinson N. , Gill R. , Agarwal S. , Davidson S. , Arcari M. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryPatients requiring urgent cardiac surgery are usually already taking antiplatelet drugs including aspirin and a P2Y12 ADP receptor antagonist (e.g., clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor). This presents clinicians with the challenge of balancing the risk of thrombotic complications, if antiplatelet drugs are stopped before surgery, with the problems of excessive bleeding when surgery is performed in the absence of adequate platelet function. Preoperative platelet function monitoring is able to identify when patients have recovered platelet function. The Multiplate® (multiple electrode impedance platelet aggregometer) is a point of care device that enables monitoring of platelet function. The authors offer recommendations based on real‐world, collective experience in the use of platelet function monitoring. These cover the use of the Multiplate® analyser to predict the need for platelet transfusion in the perioperative period and the individualized waiting period after cessation of P2Y12 ADP receptor antagonists before cardiac surgery.
Development of clinical models for predicting erectile function after localized prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Haskins Amy E , Han Paul KJ , Lucas Frances L , Bristol Ian , Hansen Moritz 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo develop clinical prediction models estimating the probability of maintaining erections adequate for intercourse 2 years after prostate cancer treatment, based on pretreatment characteristics.MethodsStudy participants consisted of prostate cancer patients with localized disease and functional erections before undergoing surgery (n = 536) or radiation therapy (n = 240) at a single USA institution. Baseline patient‐ and treatment‐related data were collected from a clinical database and through chart review. Erectile function at 2 years post‐treatment was prospectively assessed through a self‐administered single‐item measure. Multivariate logistic regression using backward selection was used to derive clinical prediction models to predict erectile function at 2 years for surgery and radiation therapy patients; the models were internally validated using bootstrapping methods.ResultsThe final prediction model for surgery patients included the predictor variables of age, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, hypertension and nerve‐sparing procedures, whereas the model for radiation therapy patients included hypertension, risk category and radiation technique. The new models showed acceptable calibration and discrimination: c‐statistic = 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.68–0.76) for surgery and 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.61–0.74) for radiation therapy models.ConclusionsNew clinical prediction models based on patient and treatment characteristics show promising accuracy in predicting erectile function at 2 years in patients treated with surgery and radiation for localized prostate cancer. More work is required to confirm and validate these models in different patient populations.