bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Climate Impact of Past Changes in Halocarbons and CO2 in the Tropical UTLS Region
Authors: McLandress Charles , Shepherd Theodore G. , Reader M. Catherine , Plummer David A. , Shine Keith P. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A chemistry–climate model coupled to an ocean model is used to compare the climate impact of past (1960–2010) changes in concentrations of halocarbons with those of CO2 in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The halocarbon contribution to both upper troposphere warming and the associated increase in lower stratospheric upwelling is about 40% as large as that due to CO2. Trends in cold-point temperature and lower stratosphere water vapor are positive for both halocarbons and CO2, and are of about the same magnitude. Trends in lower stratosphere ozone are negative, due to the increased upwelling. These increases in water vapor and decreases in lower stratosphere ozone feed back onto lower stratosphere temperature through radiative cooling. The radiative cooling from ozone is about a factor of 2 larger than that from water vapor in the vicinity of the cold-point tropopause, while water vapor dominates at heights above 50 hPa. For halocarbons this indirect radiative cooling more than offsets the direct radiative warming, and together with the adiabatic cooling accounts for the lack of a halocarbon-induced warming of the lower stratosphere. For CO2 the indirect cooling from increased water vapor and decreased ozone is of comparable magnitude to the direct warming from CO2 in the vicinity of the cold-point tropopause, and (together with the increased upwelling) lowers the height at which CO2 increases induce stratospheric cooling, thus explaining the relatively weak increase in cold-point temperature due to the CO2 increases.
Comparison of Allograft Versus Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Graft Survival in an Active Adolescent Cohort
Authors: Engelman Glenn H. , Carry Patrick M. , Hitt Kirtley G. , Polousky John D. , Vidal Armando F. 
Published: August 2014

Background: Graft selection for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery is a controversial topic. Few studies have compared graft outcomes in adolescents. Purpose: To identify factors related to ACL graft failure in an adolescent cohort. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: After institutional review board approval was obtained, adolescent subjects (age range, 11-18 years) who underwent primary ACL reconstruction surgery at a large tertiary pediatric hospital between July 2005 and July 2009 were identified through a query of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, diagnostic and Current Procedural Terminology codes. Subject data were obtained by means of a retrospective chart review, phone survey, and the administration of functional knee outcome instruments. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to analyze factors related to graft survival. Results: The average ages at surgery in the allograft (n = 38) and autograft (n = 35) groups were 15.29 ± 2.24 and 15.60 ± 1.57 years, respectively. There were 11 graft failures (28.95%) in the allograft group compared with 4 graft failures (11.43%) in the autograft group. In the multivariate model, graft type ( P = .0352) and postoperative knee laxity according to the Lachman test ( P = .0217) were the only variables significantly related to graft survival. The hazard of graft failure was 4.4 (95% CI, 1.23-18.89) times greater in the allograft group compared with the autograft group. The hazard of graft failure was 5.28 times (95% CI, 1.1-12.72; P = .0217) greater for a subject who demonstrated increased postoperative knee laxity relative to the contralateral knee. The risk for autograft failure tended to remain constant 24 to 48 months after initial surgery, whereas the risk for allograft failure continued to increase during postoperative months 24 to 48. There were no differences ( P > .05) between the allograft and autograft groups with respect to International Knee Documentation Committee score, Lysholm score, and the rate of return to previous activity level. Conclusion: Graft type and postoperative knee laxity were identified as significant predictors of graft survival. On the basis of this large retrospective cohort, we recommend the use of autogenous grafts in children and adolescents undergoing primary, transphyseal ACL reconstruction. Patients who demonstrate increased translation during a postoperative Lachman test should be carefully followed because of concerns for subsequent graft failure.
Stereological Quantification of Immune-Competent Cells in Baseline Biopsy Specimens From Achilles Tendons
Authors: Kragsnaes Maja Skov , Fredberg Ulrich , Stribolt Katrine , Kjaer Soren Geill , Bendix Knud , Ellingsen Torkell 
Published: August 2014

Background: Limited data exist on the presence and function of immune-competent cells in chronic tendinopathic tendons and their potential role in inflammation and tissue healing as well as in predicting long-term outcome. Purpose: To quantify subtypes of immune-competent cells in biopsy specimens from nonruptured chronic tendinopathic Achilles tendons and healthy control tendons. In addition, to examine whether findings in baseline cell biopsy specimens can predict the long-term presence of Achilles tendon symptoms. Study Design: Cross-sectional and case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Fifty patients with nonruptured chronic Achilles tendinopathy and 15 healthy participants were included. At time of inclusion, an ultrasound examination was performed immediately before an ultrasound-guided Achilles tendon biopsy specimen was obtained. Tissue samples were evaluated immunohistochemically by quantifying the presence of macrophages (CD68-PGM1+, CD68-KP1+), hemosiderophages (Perls blue), T lymphocytes (CD2+, CD3+, CD4+, CD7+, CD8+), B lymphocytes (CD20+), natural killer cells (CD56+), mast cells (NaSDCl+), Schwann cells (S100+), and endothelial cells (CD34+) using a stereological technique. A follow-up examination was conducted more than 4 years (range, 4-9 years) after the biopsy procedure to evaluate the long-term presence of Achilles tendon symptoms. Results: Macrophages, T lymphocytes, mast cells, and natural killer cells were observed in the majority (range, 52%-96%) of biopsy specimens from nonruptured chronic tendinopathic Achilles tendons. CD68-KP1+ macrophages (0.29% vs 0; P = .005) and CD34+ endothelial cells (3% vs 0.97%; P = .04) were significantly more numerous in tendinopathic tendons compared with healthy tendons. The presence of iron+ hemosiderophages was more frequently observed in biopsy specimens obtained from the group who was asymptomatic at follow-up compared with the symptomatic group (42% vs 5%; P = .02). Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the presence of immune-competent cells in the majority of biopsy specimens from nonruptured chronic tendinopathic Achilles tendons. Macrophages and endothelial cells were significantly more numerous in tendinopathic tendons than in healthy tendons. The presence of iron+ hemosiderophages in baseline biopsy specimens was associated with a good prognosis. Clinical Relevance: New insight into the role of immune-competent cells in chronic Achilles tendinopathy.
Forces in spinal cannulation and breaches ex vivo
Authors: Blair-Pattison Aubrey , Hu Richard W , Swamy Ganesh , Anglin Carolyn 
Published: August 2014

Background: Pedicle screw insertion, to stabilize or correct the spine, relies on creating a probe path with the correct trajectory to prevent unsafe breaching of the cortical wall. Safe pedicle cannulation is aided when the surgeon can feel the difference between a safe and unsafe path. Pedicle probe forces and torques are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the forces and torques encountered while cannulating the pedicle tract in both correct and incorrect cannulations. Methods: Two experienced surgeons used a standard lumbar probe modified to incorporate a 6 degree-of-freedom load cell to cannulate and breach the T12 to S1 vertebrae of six fresh frozen cadavers (3 males, 3 females, ages 65 to 92). A total of 76 pedicles were tested. Findings: Cannulation axial forces averaged 48 N (standard deviation = 13 N), medial breach 129 N (standard deviation = 25 N), and lateral breach 86 N (standard deviation = 27 N). Cannulation values were significantly lower than the breach values in all 6 degrees of freedom (p < 0.001). There were significant differences between specimens, including males and females, and between degrees of freedom, but no significant right and left differences or by vertebral level. Conclusion: A large range of cannulation and breach forces and torques were measured due to variations in bone quality and geometry, as experienced clinically. This is the first time that the absolute and relative force and torque levels have been reported, to our knowledge.
The Management of Infection Following Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Myerson Mark S. , Shariff Raheel , Zonno Alan J. 
Published: August 2014

Background: Little has been published on the management of infected total ankle replacements. This study reviewed our experience with this difficult clinical problem. Methods: From 2002 to 2011 we retrospectively evaluated patients requiring prosthesis removal for infection following primary or revision total ankle replacement. Infections were classified as acute postoperative, late chronic, or remote hematogenous. The demographics, treatment, and outcome of the infected replacements were evaluated. Results: Of 613 replacements performed during this time period, 15 infections occurred at our institution and 4 from other institutions were treated. These 19 cases included 15 late chronic infections, 3 early postoperative infections, and 1 acute hematogenous infection. Fourteen of the infections occurred in a subset of 433 prostheses (3.2%) placed between 2002 and 2009 when we used an implant with a unique design that necessitated a tibiofibular syndesmosis fusion for the tibial component support (Agility, Depuy). One infection occurred out of 139 other prostheses (0.7%) between 2009 and 2011 when we switched to an anatomic design fixed bearing implant system. Prosthesis salvage was attempted in the 3 early postoperative and 1 acute hematogenous cases, however they all required subsequent removal of the prosthesis. Mean time to removal of the prosthesis after the index arthroplasty was 18 months. Mean follow-up was 19 months from the time of prosthesis removal. Three of the 19 patients underwent successful revision with replacement, 6 with arthrodesis, 7 with a permanent antibiotic spacer, and 3 patients required a transtibial amputation. Conclusion: Only a limited number of patients who develop a deep infection following primary or revision total ankle arthroplasty can expect to undergo successful joint-preserving revision ankle arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective case series.
Integration of Endovascular Therapy of Ruptured Abdominal and Iliac Aneurysms in the Treatment Algorithm
Authors: Raupach Jan , Dobes Daniel , Lojik Miroslav , Chovanec Vendelin , Ferko Alexander , Gunka Igor , Maly Radovan , Vojacek Jan , Havel Eduard , Lesko Michal , Renc Ondrej , Hoffmann Petr , Ryska Pavel , Krajina Antonin 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of endovascular therapy of ruptured abdominal or iliac aneurysms on total mortality. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the mortality of 40 patients from 2005 to 2009, when only surgical treatment was available. These results were compared with the period 2010 to 2013, when endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was assessed as the first option in selected patients. Results: During 2005 to 2009, the mortality was 37.5%. From 2010 to 2013, 45 patients were treated with mortality 28.9%. Open repair was performed in 35 (77.8%) patients and EVAR in 10 (22.2%) patients. The 30-day and 1-year mortality rates of the EVAR group were 0% and 20%, respectively, and the total mortality rate was 30% during follow-up (median 11 months, range 1-42 months). The 30-day mortality in the surgical group remained unchanged, at 37.1%, and 1-year and total mortality rates were 45.7% and 51.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Following integration in the treatment algorithm, EVAR decreased total mortality in our center by 8.6%.
MedIntegrate
Authors: Tomas Marko , Crown Natalie , Borschel Debaroti , McCarthy Lisa 
Published: August 2014

Background: Medication reconciliation (MR) is associated with reduced discrepancies and adverse events within institutions. In ambulatory care, MR is often considered more challenging due to periodic, brief patient encounters and the involvement of multiple prescribers who lack shared records. MedsCheck, a community pharmacy program in Ontario for patients with diabetes or those taking 3 or more medications, generates a best possible medication history (BPMH) that can serve as a starting point for MR. Our objectives were to develop and evaluate a program to integrate MedsCheck into the workflow of an ambulatory clinic. Methods: An initiative was implemented within the Complex Care Clinic (CCC), an academic internal medicine clinic at Women’s College Hospital (WCH). During booking of their first appointment, patients were encouraged to receive a MedsCheck. A letter was faxed to the patient’s preferred community pharmacy with a request to conduct a MedsCheck and send documentation to the clinic. Evaluation included patient and health care provider questionnaires and chart review. Results: Fifty-five of 86 new patients referred to the CCC were eligible for a MedsCheck. Fifty-four patients consented to having their community pharmacy contacted, and documentation was received for 21 (39%) of these reviews. Chart review was conducted for patients who completed the patient feedback questionnaire ( n = 32). Community pharmacists reported at least 1 drug therapy problem for 12 (57%) patients with a mean of 2.6 (SD 1.5) per patient. Medical residents reported an estimated mean appointment time savings of 7.9 minutes (SD 2.4). Conclusion: The program was feasibly integrated into clinic workflow and shortened the time spent creating BPMHs. This approach could be adopted by other ambulatory care clinics.
Nonhomogeneous boundary value problem for "Equation missing" similar solutions of incompressible two-dimensional Euler equations
Authors: Song Wenjing , Li Hua , Yang Ganshan , Yuan George Xianzhi 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In this paper we introduce the

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similar method for incompressible two-dimensional Euler equations, and obtain a series of explicit

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similar solutions to the incompressible two-dimensional Euler equations. These solutions include all of the twin wave solutions, some new singularity solutions, and some global smooth solutions with a finite energy. We also reveal that the twin wave solution and an affine solution to the two-dimensional incompressible Euler equations are, respectively, a plane wave and constant vector. We prove that the initial boundary value problem of the incompressible two-dimensional Euler equations admits a unique solution and discuss the stability of the solution. Finally, we supply some explicit piecewise smooth solutions to the incompressible three-dimensional Euler case and an example of the incompressible three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations which indicates that the viscosity limit of a solution to the Navier-Stokes equations does not need to be a solution to the Euler equations.

MSC:35Q30, 76D05, 76D10.
Begonia jinyunensis (Begoniaceae, section Platycentrum), a new palmately compound leaved species from Chongqing, China
Authors: Ding Bo , Nakamura Koh , Kono Yoshiko , Ho Meng-Jung , Peng Ching-I 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Continental China is the center of Begonia species diversity in Asia and contains more than 60 species out of about 110 named species of section Platycentrum. Mt. Jinyun, located in Chongqing City at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, harbors a subtropical broadleaved forest with high species diversity. During a botanical survey in Mt. Jinyun, an unknown Begonia species of sect. Platycentrum with palmately compound leaves was collected and studied based on detailed morphological observations and cytological and molecular phylogenetic analyses.

Results
The unknown Begonia bears a superficial resemblance to B. hemsleyana in having palmately compound leaves, a feature unseen in other species of sect. Platycentrum in China. It is however sharply distinct from the latter in the acaulous habit with aerial stems seen only at anthesis and long rhizomes (vs. erect stems to 70 cm or taller with short rhizomes), 4–6 pinnatilobed leaflets with indistinct, decurrent petiolules (vs. 7–10 serrate leaflets with distinct petiolules), and white (vs. pink) tepals. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA sequences indicated that this species was allied to Platycentrum species occurring in Southwest and South-central China and Vietnam, including B. hemsleyana, and clearly separable from these species. Somatic chromosome number of 2n = 22 was reported for this unknown species. The diploid chromosome number is agreeable with those published for Begonia sect. Platycentrum.

Conclusions
The unknown Begonia is confirmed to be a new species of sect. Platycentrum and hereto described as Begonia jinyunensis C.-I Peng, B. Ding & Q. Wang.
LL-37 modulates human neutrophil responses to influenza A virus
Authors: Tripathi Shweta , Verma Anamika , Kim Eun-Jeong , White Mitchell R , Hartshorn Kevan L 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTRecent studies have shown that the human cathelicidin, LL-37, has antiviral activity against IAV in vitro and in vivo. Neutrophils are important cellular components of the initial innate response to IAV infection. In addition to its direct antimicrobial activities, LL-37 has important immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we explore how LL-37 affects interactions of IAV with human neutrophils. LL-37 did not alter neutrophil uptake of IAV but significantly increased neutrophil H2O2 responses to the virus. IAV stimulated production of NETs in vitro, and this response was increased by preincubating the virus with LL-37. NADPH-oxidase blockade did not reduce IAV-induced NET formation or the increased NET response stimulated by LL-37 + IAV. The increased respiratory burst and NET responses were, however, inhibited by preincubating cells with a formyl peptide receptor blocker, indicating that LL-37 engages these receptors when complexed with IAV. Responses to IAV alone were not inhibited by formyl peptide receptor blockade. It has been reported that LL-37 reduces proinflammatory cytokine responses during IAV infection in vivo. We now show that IAV alone potentiated release of IL-8 from neutrophils, and preincubation with LL-37 reduced IAV-stimulated IL-8 release. These results confirm that LL-37 modulates human neutrophil responses to IAV in a distinctive manner and could have important bearing on the protective effects of LL-37 during IAV infection in vivo.
Active players in resolution of shock/sepsis induced indirect lung injury: immunomodulatory effects of Tregs and PD-1
Authors: Tang Lunxian , Bai Jianwen , Chung Chun-Shiang , Lomas-Neira Joanne , Chen Yaping , Huang Xin , Ayala Alfred 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe immunomodulatory effects of PD-1 and CD4+CD25+ Tregs in the resolution of ALI are still poorly understood. Accordingly, 1 million Tregs were isolated from spleens of WT C57BL/6 or PD-1−/− mice (magnetical bead purification and subsequent labeling with/without Vybrant dye) and then AT into mice subjected to Hem shock during their resuscitation period, which were subsequently subjected to CLP/septic challenge (24 h post-Hem) to induce iALI. Initially, we demonstrated that Vybrant-labeled AT Tregs appear in the lungs of iALI mice. Subsequently, we found that AT of WT Tregs induced a significant repression of the indices of lung injury: a reduction of neutrophil influx to the lung tissue and a decrease of lung apoptosis compared with vehicle-treated iALI mice. In addition, these mice had substantially higher concentrations of BALF and lung-tissue IL-10 but significantly decreased levels of lung KC. However, these beneficial effects of the AT of Tregs were lost with the administration of PD-1−/− mouse Tregs to the recipient WT mice. ALI was exacerbated in these recipient mice receiving AT PD-1−/− Tregs to the same extent as iALI mice that did not receive Tregs. These data imply that Tregs can act directly to modify the innate immune response induced by experimental iALI, and this is mediated, in part, by PD-1. Hence, the manipulation of Tregs may represent a plausible target for treating iALI.
Atypical femoral fractures in elderly women
Authors: Meling T. , Nawab A. , Harboe K. , Fosse L. 
Published: August 2014

An atypical femoral fracture (AFF), with a transverse fracture radiologically through the lateral cortex is a rare but serious condition. In order to improve our ability to identify patients with this condition, we retrospectively surveyed all subtrochanteric, peri-implant and diaphyseal femoral fractures in patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital between 2004 and 2011. We describe the incidence of atypical fractures and their characteristics, with observational data including a review of the hospital and general practitioner records. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Harris hip score (HHS) and the timed up-and-go (TUG) test. Atypical fractures only occurred in women with an incidence of 9.8 per 100 000 person-years. The incidence in those who were treated with bisphosphonates was 79.0 per 100 000 person-years; eight of 17 fractures occurred around metal implants. There was a high incidence of delayed union and revision surgery. A total of nine patients (ten AFFs) were available for review at a mean follow-up of 36.5 months (10 to 104). The clinical outcome was poor with a mean HHS of 58.9 (95% CI 47.4 to 70.4) and a mean TUG test of 25.7 s (95% CI 12.7 to 38.8). The delay in diagnosis and treatment of AFF may result from a lack of knowledge of this condition. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:1035–40.
Innovative Approach to Preparing Radial Artery Cocktails in Response to Manufacturer Shortages of Nitroglycerin and Verapamil
Authors: Parbhoo Rupal K. , Wetz Karen , Tschampel Marva , Pompili Vincent , Schenko Elena , Mavko Lou , Blais Danielle 
Published: August 2014

Background Transradial access has gained popularity over transfemoral access for cardiac catheterization, because of the decreased risk of bleeding, time to ambulation, and length of stay leading to improved patient satisfaction. One disadvantage of the radial artery approach is vasospasm, which can be prevented with the administration of verapamil and nitroglycerin in a pre- and postradial cocktail. Unfortunately, there have been manufacturer shortages for both of these medications. Methods The utilization of radial artery cocktails and other nitroglycerin compounding practices were evaluated in response to cost containment and waste reduction initiatives and to medication shortages. Results A modified process for supplying verapamil and nitroglycerin for the transradial approach via separate syringes enabled physicians to have quick access to the medications and to customize the cocktail based on the patient's needs. This process also decreased costs and minimized wastage. The change in practice decreased waste from 44% for preradial cocktail syringes and 66% for postradial cocktail syringes to 8.7%. Discussion This process for supplying the medications necessary to perform a radial artery catheterization and intracoronary nitroglycerin has allowed for conservation of commercial product supply.