bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aging of blood can be tracked by DNA methylation changes at just three CpG sites
Authors: Weidner Carola Ingrid , Lin Qiong , Koch Carmen Maike , Eisele Lewin , Beier Fabian , Ziegler Patrick , Bauerschlag Dirk Olaf , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Erbel Raimund , Mühleisen Thomas Walter , Zenke Martin , Brümmendorf Tim Henrik , Wagner Wolfgang 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background
Human aging is associated with DNA methylation changes at specific sites in the genome. These epigenetic modifications may be used to track donor age for forensic analysis or to estimate biological age.

Results
We perform a comprehensive analysis of methylation profiles to narrow down 102 age-related CpG sites in blood. We demonstrate that most of these age-associated methylation changes are reversed in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Methylation levels at three age-related CpGs - located in the genes ITGA2B, ASPA and PDE4C - were subsequently analyzed by bisulfite pyrosequencing of 151 blood samples. This epigenetic aging signature facilitates age predictions with a mean absolute deviation from chronological age of less than 5 years. This precision is higher than age predictions based on telomere length. Variation of age predictions correlates moderately with clinical and lifestyle parameters supporting the notion that age-associated methylation changes are associated more with biological age than with chronological age. Furthermore, patients with acquired aplastic anemia or dyskeratosis congenita - two diseases associated with progressive bone marrow failure and severe telomere attrition - are predicted to be prematurely aged.

Conclusions
Our epigenetic aging signature provides a simple biomarker to estimate the state of aging in blood. Age-associated DNA methylation changes are counteracted in iPSCs. On the other hand, over-estimation of chronological age in bone marrow failure syndromes is indicative for exhaustion of the hematopoietic cell pool. Thus, epigenetic changes upon aging seem to reflect biological aging of blood.
Alu elements shape the primate transcriptome by cis-regulation of RNA editing
Authors: Daniel Chammiran , Silberberg Gilad , Behm Mikaela , Öhman Marie 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background
RNA editing by adenosine to inosine deamination is a widespread phenomenon, particularly frequent in the human transcriptome, largely due to the presence of inverted Alu repeats and their ability to form double-stranded structures – a requisite for ADAR editing. While several hundred thousand editing sites have been identified within these primate-specific repeats, the function of Alu-editing has yet to be elucidated.

Results
We show that inverted Alu repeats, expressed in the primate brain, can induce site-selective editing in cis on sites located several hundred nucleotides from the Alu elements. Furthermore, a computational analysis, based on available RNA-seq data, finds that site-selective editing occurs significantly closer to edited Alu elements than expected. These targets are poorly edited upon deletion of the editing inducers, as well as in homologous transcripts from organisms lacking Alus. Sequences surrounding sites near edited Alus in UTRs, have been subjected to a lesser extent of evolutionary selection than those far from edited Alus, indicating that their editing generally depends on cis-acting Alus. Interestingly, we find an enrichment of primate-specific editing within encoded sequence or the UTRs of zinc finger-containing transcription factors.

Conclusions
We propose a model whereby primate-specific editing is induced by adjacent Alu elements that function as recruitment elements for the ADAR editing enzymes. The enrichment of site-selective editing with potentially functional consequences on the expression of transcription factors indicates that editing contributes more profoundly to the transcriptomic regulation and repertoire in primates than previously thought.
Disorders of gender identity: what to do and who should do
it?
Authors: Barrett James 
Published: February 2014

SummaryTranssexualism is not usually indicative of psychopathology. In carefully
selected individuals, with multidisciplinary support, a change of social
gender role and cross-sex hormone treatment greatly improves the
psychological and social state. Sustained improvement merits gender
reassignment surgery. The key is early referral with subsequent primary care
cooperation in the treatment plan.
Psychiatric diagnosis: impersonal, imperfect and
important
Authors: Craddock Nick , Mynors-Wallis Laurence 
Published: February 2014

SummaryPsychiatric diagnosis is in the spotlight following the recent publication
of DSM-5. In this article we consider both the benefits and limitations of
diagnosis in psychiatry. The use of internationally recognised diagnoses,
although insufficient alone, is part of a psychiatrist's professional
responsibility to provide high-quality, evidence-based care for
patients.
‘Personalised evidence’ for personalised healthcare: integration of a clinical librarian into mental health services – a feasibility study
Authors: Steele Rachel , Tiffin Paul A. 
Published: February 2014

Aims and methodTo evaluate the feasibility of integrating a clinical librarian (CL) within four mental health teams. A CL was attached to three clinical teams and the Trustwide Psychology Research and Clinical Governance Structure for 12 months. Requests for evidence syntheses were recorded. The perceived impact of individual evidence summaries on staff activities was evaluated using a brief online questionnaire.ResultsOverall, 82 requests for evidence summaries were received: 50% related to evidence for individual patient care, 23% to generic clinical issues and 27% were on management/corporate topics. In the questionnaires 105 participants indicated that the most common impact on their practice was advice given to colleagues (51 respondents), closely followed by the evidence summaries stimulating new ideas for patient care or treatment (50 respondents).Clinical implicationsThe integration of a CL into clinical and corporate teams is feasible and perceived as having an impact on staff activities. A CL may be able to collate ‘personalised evidence’ which may enhance individualised healthcare. In some cases the usual concept of a hierarchy of evidence may not easily apply, with case reports providing guidance which may be more applicable than population-based studies.
Preparation of (2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)acetic Acid via Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Yamashita Masayuki , Negoro Nobuyuki , Yasuma Tsuneo , Yamano Toru 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A preparation via Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation has been developed for (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)acetic acid derivatives, a key intermediate in the synthesis of the active pharmaceutical ingredient for GPR40 agonist, fasiglifam. Use of a cationic rhodium–Et-FerroTANE complex yielded the desired product in high enantiomeric excess (91%) and quantitative yield, and was thus recommended for further process development.
Synthesis of Silica-Coated AgCl Nanoparticles in Aqueous Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Solution
Authors: Masuda Kyoso , Matsune Hideki , Takenaka Sakae , Kishida Masahiro 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Silica-coated AgCl nanoparticles are successfully prepared in an aqueous solution. AgCl nanoparticles are synthesized using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as a protecting agent, and a silica layer is formed by hydrolysis and polycondensation of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS) and tetraethoxysilane. The results explain that APTS is a key material for the formation of the silica layer in the aqueous solution system.
Osteochondral lesions of the talus
Authors: Hannon C. P. , Smyth N. A. , Murawski C. D. , Savage-Elliott B. A. , Deyer T. W. , Calder J. D. F. , Kennedy J. G. 
Published: February 2014

Osteochondral lesions (OCLs) occur in up to 70% of sprains and fractures involving the ankle. Atraumatic aetiologies have also been described. Techniques such as microfracture, and replacement strategies such as autologous osteochondral transplantation, or autologous chondrocyte implantation are the major forms of surgical treatment. Current literature suggests that microfracture is indicated for lesions up to 15 mm in diameter, with replacement strategies indicated for larger or cystic lesions. Short- and medium-term results have been reported, where concerns over potential deterioration of fibrocartilage leads to a need for long-term evaluation.Biological augmentation may also be used in the treatment of OCLs, as they potentially enhance the biological environment for a natural healing response. Further research is required to establish the critical size of defect, beyond which replacement strategies should be used, as well as the most appropriate use of biological augmentation. This paper reviews the current evidence for surgical management and use of biological adjuncts for treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:164–71.
Reviews
Authors: Sterritt David , Beadling Laura L. , Conterio Martyn , Rush Zachariah , Warne Jude 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Jean Epstein: Critical Essays and New Translations, Sarah Keller and Jason N. Paul (eds), (2012) Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 439 pp., ISBN 9789048513840 (e-bk); ISBN 9789089642929 (pbk), $49.95/£32.86
Film Genre Reader IV, Barry Keith Grant, (2012) Austin: University of Texas Press, 766 pp., ISBN 9780292742062 (pbk), $29.95; ISBN 9780292742055 (hbk), $65.00
The Romy Schneider Story Bracknelll: Reel Publishing, 141 pp., ISBN 9781905764167 (pbk), £10.00
A Social History of Iranian Cinema: Volume 4, The Globalizing Era, 1984–2010, Hamid Naficy, (2012) Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 632 pp., ISBN 9780822348788 (pbk), $29.95; ISBN 9780822348665 (hbk), $99.95
Todd Haynes, (Contemporary Film Directors), Rob White, (2013) Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 176 pp., ISBN 9780252079108 (pbk), $22.00
An efficient approach to the key intermediate of rosuvastatin
Authors: Guan Yueqing , Zhou Guobin , Yang Weiqun 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
An efficient synthetic approach to the synthesis of the 5-pyrimidinecarbaldehyde 2, which is the key intermediate of rosuvastatin, involves the aerobic oxidation of the 5-pyrimidinemethanol 1 in the presence of Co(NO3)2, dimethylglyoxime (DmgH2), and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) under mild reaction conditions. The method does not require the use of hazardous or expensive chemicals and is suitable for scale-up.
Relational stressors as predictors for repeat aggressive and self-harming incidents in child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient settings
Authors: Ulke Christine , Klein Annette M. , von Klitzing Kai 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This study examined whether relational stressors such as psychosocial stressors, the therapist’s absence and a change of therapist are associated with repeat aggressive or self-harming incidents in child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient care. The study data were derived from critical incident reports and chart reviews of 107 inpatients. In multinomial regression analysis, patients with repeat aggressive or self-harming incidents were compared with patients with single incidents. Results suggested that a higher number of psychosocial stressors and a change of therapist, but not the therapist’s absence are predictors for repeat aggressive and self-harming incidents. There was a high prevalence of therapist’s absence during both, single and repeat, incidents. Repeat aggressive incidents were common in male children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders. Repeat self-harming incidents were common in adolescent females with trauma-related disorders. Patients with repeat aggressive or self-harming incidents had a higher number of abnormal intrafamilial relationships and acute life events than patients with single incidents. Interventions to reduce a change of therapist should in particular target children and adolescents with a higher number of psychosocial stressors and/or a known history of traumatic relational experiences. After a first incident, patients should have a psychosocial assessment to evaluate whether additional relational support is needed.
Incidence and Impact of CMV Infection in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Turner Kristen M. , Lee Henry C. , Boppana Suresh B. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Randolph David A. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of nongenetic deafness in children in the United States and can cause neurodevelopmental impairment in term infants. Limited data exist regarding congenital CMV infections in preterm infants. We aimed to determine the incidence and association with outcomes of congenital CMV in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants.

METHODS:
VLBW infants born in 1993 to 2008 and admitted to the University of Alabama in Birmingham Regional Neonatal ICU were screened on admission for congenital CMV. CMV status and clinical outcomes were identified by using internal patient databases and hospital-based medical records. The primary outcome was death. Secondary outcomes included evidence of neurologic injury in the form of abnormal cranial ultrasound findings, sensorineural hearing loss, or abnormal motor development. Multivariate analysis was performed.

RESULTS:
Eighteen of 4594 VLBW infants had congenital CMV (0.39%; 95% confidence interval, 0.25%–0.62%). An additional 16 infants (0.35%; 95% confidence interval, 0.21%–0.57%) were identified who acquired CMV postnatally. Congenital CMV was not associated with death. Compared with controls, congenitally infected VLBW infants were more likely to have hearing loss at initial screening (67% vs 9%, P &lt; .0001) and confirmed at follow-up (83% vs 2.1%, P &lt; .0001). Congenital CMV was also associated with abnormal neuroimaging (72% vs 25%, P &lt; .0001) and adverse developmental motor outcomes (43% vs 9%, P = .02). Acquired CMV was not associated with any adverse outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Congenital CMV in VLBW infants is associated with high rates of neurologic injury and hearing loss but not death.
Risk and Prevalence of Developmental Delay in Young Children With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Mussatto Kathleen A. , Hoffmann Raymond G. , Hoffman George M. , Tweddell James S. , Bear Laurel , Cao Yumei , Brosig Cheryl 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for developmental delay (DD). Changes in cognitive, language, and motor skills in early childhood have not been described. We report the results of a structured approach using longitudinal testing to identify problems and ensure early intervention in accordance with published guidelines.

METHODS:
Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition, were used to assess cognitive, language, and motor skills in 99 children with CHD. Subjects were evaluated 3 to 6 times in the first 3 years of life. DD was defined as scores &gt;1 SD below the population mean.

RESULTS:
Cardiac anatomy was single ventricle (1V) in 34 subjects and 2 ventricles (2V) in 65. Medical comorbidities were present in 21% and genetic syndromes in 19%. Most subjects (75%) had DD in ≥1 area at ≥1 assessments. Subjects with 1V anatomy had equivalent outcomes to those with 2V. Cognitive and language scores declined in subjects with genetic syndromes but were stable and within the average range for subjects with 1V and 2V. Motor scores improved for subjects with 1V and 2V but remained low for those with genetic syndromes. In addition to age, need for supplemental tube feeding, longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, and shorter time since last hospitalization were significant predictors of developmental outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
DDs in young children with CHD are both common and dynamic. Providers should encourage longitudinal surveillance for children with CHD because exposure to risk and prevalence of DD change over time.
Sexual Orientation and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids in US Adolescent Boys
Authors: Blashill Aaron J. , Safren Steven A. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVES:We compared the lifetime prevalence of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) misuse among sexual minority versus heterosexual US adolescent boys, and secondarily, sought to explore possible intermediate variables that may explain prevalence differences.METHODS:Participants were 17 250 adolescent boys taken from a pooled data set of the 14 jurisdictions from the 2005 and 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys that assessed sexual orientation. Data were analyzed for overall prevalence of AAS misuse and possible intermediary risk factors.RESULTS:Sexual minority adolescent boys were at an increased odds of 5.8 (95% confidence interval 4.1–8.2) to report a lifetime prevalence of AAS (21% vs 4%) compared with their heterosexual counterparts, P &lt; .001. Exploratory analyses suggested that increased depressive symptoms/suicidality, victimization, and substance use contributed to this disparity.CONCLUSIONS:This is the first known study to test and find substantial health disparities in the prevalence of AAS misuse as a function of sexual orientation. Prevention and intervention efforts are needed for sexual minority adolescent boys.
Degradation control of cellulose scaffold by Malaprade oxidation
Authors: Konkumnerd Wichchulada , Hyon Suong-Hyu , Matsumura Kazuaki 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTStudy on oxidizing cellulose scaffold to dialdehyde cellulose by sodium periodate (NaIO4) was carried out. Concentration of sodium periodate and the reaction time were effected for aldehyde introduction to cellulose scaffolds. Cellulose powder was dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, at 100°C and maintained at room temperature for 7 days, providing flexible cellulose scaffold. The cellulose scaffold was oxidized using periodate oxidation (Malaprade oxidation), which oxidizes carbohydrate by glycol cleavage to provide dialdehyde. Aldehyde groups introduced into cellulose were quantified by simple iodometry. Oxidized cellulose scaffold was degraded in the amino acid solution triggered by the reaction between aldehyde groups and amino groups. During immersion of the cellulose scaffolds in the amino acid solution, the mass loss of the scaffolds was evaluated by measuring of weight of oxidized cellulose scaffold before and after degradation.
Staying Involved “Because the Need Seems So Huge”: Midwives Working With Women Living in Areas of High Deprivation
Authors: Griffiths Christine , McAra-Couper Judith , Nayar Shoba 
Published: February 2014

The aim of this research was to answer the research question “what is the midwifery care provided by midwives to women living in areas of high deprivation?” It has been identified that rates of stillbirth and neonatal death are significantly higher in women living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas of New Zealand. A potential contributory factor to these rates is the issue of access to, and engagement with, maternity services. Yet, little is known about the care midwives provide to women living in areas of socioeconomic deprivation.Using grounded theory methodology, a conceptual framework was developed from data analysis of 8 interviews undertaken with midwives between August 2000 and March 2001. Findings revealed a core category of “staying involved `because the need seems so huge.”’ Four further categories were identified: “Forming relationships with the wary,” “Giving `an awful lot of support,”’ “Remaining close by,” and “Ensuring personal coping.” Throughout, the midwives’ continued involvement with the woman ensured an optimal pregnancy outcome for both the woman and her new baby.The findings from this study inform the care provided by midwives who work with women living in areas of high deprivation and begin to address factors regarding access to, and engagement with, maternity services.
Magnetic-mechanical accumulator of kinetic energy
Authors: Valtera Jan , Beran Jaroslav 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The paper focuses on the process of non-contacting kinetic energy accumulation at the dead-end positions of
a reciprocating rectilinear motion with a variable stroke. It describes the development of a magnetic-mechanical
accumulator that absorbs energy while the moving part is decelerating towards the dead-end position and releases
the energy back to the system while it is accelerating from the dead-end position. At the same time, it enables
stroke modification of a certain level with a minimal impact on the maximum force of the accumulator. With respect
to the magneto-static analysis of components, the preload of the mechanical element has been set accordingly.
The dynamic analysis of the system has been carried out and the prototype produced and tested on the testing rig.
Potential application of a handheld confocal endomicroscope imaging system using a variety of fluorophores in experimental gliomas and normal brain
Authors: Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Georges Joseph , Eschbacher Jennifer M. , Cavalcanti Daniel D. , Elhadi Ali M. , Abdelwahab Mohammed G. , Scheck Adrienne C. , Nakaji Peter , Spetzler Robert F. , Preul Mark C. 
Published: February 2014

Object
The authors sought to assess the feasibility of a handheld visible-wavelength confocal endomicroscope imaging system (Optiscan 5.1, Optiscan Pty., Ltd.) using a variety of rapid-acting fluorophores to provide histological information on gliomas, tumor margins, and normal brain in animal models.

Methods
Mice (n = 25) implanted with GL261 cells were used to image fluorescein sodium (FNa), 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), acridine orange (AO), acriflavine (AF), and cresyl violet (CV). A U251 glioma xenograft model in rats (n = 5) was used to image sulforhodamine 101 (SR101). A swine (n = 3) model with AO was used to identify confocal features of normal brain. Images of normal brain, obvious tumor, and peritumoral zones were collected using the handheld confocal endomicroscope. Histological samples were acquired through biopsies from matched imaging areas. Samples were visualized with a benchtop confocal microscope. Histopathological features in corresponding confocal images and photomicrographs of H & E–stained tissues were reviewed.

Results
Fluorescence induced by FNa, 5-ALA, AO, AF, CV, and SR101 and detected with the confocal endomicroscope allowed interpretation of histological features. Confocal endomicroscopy revealed satellite tumor cells within peritumoral tissue, a definitive tumor border, and striking fluorescent cellular and subcellular structures. Fluorescence in various tumor regions correlated with standard histology and known tissue architecture. Characteristic features of different areas of normal brain were identified as well.

Conclusions
Confocal endomicroscopy provided rapid histological information precisely related to the site of microscopic imaging with imaging characteristics of cells related to the unique labeling features of the fluorophores. Although experimental with further clinical trial validation required, these data suggest that intraoperative confocal imaging can help to distinguish normal brain from tumor and tumor margin and may have application in improving intraoperative decisions during resection of brain tumors.