bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic criteria for ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate: interobserver variability among 20 expert uropathologists
Authors: Seipel Amanda H , Delahunt Brett , Samaratunga Hemamali , Amin Mahul , Barton Joel , Berney Daniel M , Billis Athanase , Cheng Liang , Comperat Eva , Evans Andrew , Fine Samson W , Grignon David , Humphrey Peter A , Magi‐Galluzzi Cristina , Montironi Rodolfo , Sesterhenn Isabell , Srigley John R , Trpkov Kiril , van der Kwast Theo , Varma Murali , Zhou Ming , Ahmad Amar , Moss Sue , Egevad Lars 
Published: January 2014

AimsDuctal adenocarcinoma of the prostate (DAC) is clinically important, because its behaviour may differ from that of acinar adenocarcinoma. Our aims were to investigate the interobserver variability of this diagnosis among experts in uropathology and to define diagnostic criteria.Methods and resultsPhotomicrographs of 21 carcinomas with ductal features were distributed among 20 genitourinary pathologists from eight countries. DAC was diagnosed by 18 observers (mean 13.2 cases, range 6–19). In 11 (52%) cases, a 2/3 consensus was reached for a diagnosis of DAC, and in five (24%) there was consensus against. In DAC, the respondents reported papillary architecture (86%), stratification of nuclei (82%), high‐grade nuclear features (54%), tall columnar epithelium (53%), elongated nuclei (52%), cribriform architecture (40%), and necrosis (7%). The most important diagnostic feature reported for DAC was papillary architecture (59%), whereas nuclear and cellular features were considered to be most important in only 2–11% of cases. The most common differential diagnoses were intraductal prostate cancer (52%), high‐grade PIN (37%), and acinar adenocarcinoma (17%). The most common reason for not diagnosing DAC was lack of typical architecture (33%).ConclusionsPapillary architecture was the most useful diagnostic feature of DAC, and nuclear and cellular features were considered to be less important.
Production of yellow wine from Camellia Oleifera meal pretreated by mixed cultured solid‐state fermentation
Authors: Chang Ming , Lian Jie , Liu Ruijie , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: January 2014

SummaryCamellia oleifera meal was evaluated to be a potential feedstock for the production of yellow wine (YW), and process conditions were investigated. In this study, C. oleifera meal was firstly pretreated using mixed cultured Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger under solid‐substrate fermentation to degrade the tea saponin (TS) for the following YW fermentation. Response surface methodology helped evaluate the effects of the selected operating parameters, and the optimal condition at a fixed time of 4 days, which gave a 67.84 ± 0.23% degradation rate of TS, was reached as inoculum concentration of 16%, initial moisture content of 55% and temperature of 30 °C. Finally, 7‐day fermentation was harvested to be the most suitable pretreatment for producing YW from C. oleifera meal, and the twice‐feeding fermentation for YW was obtained as wheat koji 12% and active yeast 1.2%. In addition, ample amino acids, phenolic components and the trace TS endowed the C. oleifera wine, the more nutritional characteristics.
ER type I signal peptidase subunit (LmSPC1) is essential for the survival of Locusta migratoria manilensis and affects moulting, feeding, reproduction and embryonic development
Authors: Zhang W. , Xia Y. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum type I signal peptidase complex (ER SPC) is a conserved enzyme that cleaves the signal peptides of secretory or membrane preproteins. The deletion of this enzyme leads to the accumulation of uncleaved proteins in biomembranes and cell death. However, the physiological functions of ER SPC in insects are not fully understood. Here, a catalytic subunit gene of ER SPC, LmSPC1, was cloned from Locusta migratoria manilensis and its physiological functions were analysed by RNA interference (RNAi). The LmSPC1 open reading frame encoded a protein of 178 amino acids with all five conserved regions of signal peptidases. RNAi‐mediated knockdown of LmSPC1 resulted in high mortality. Sixty‐nine per cent of dead nymphs died of abnormal moulting, corresponding to decreased activity of moulting fluid protease. Moreover, insects in the RNAi group experienced a decline in food intake, and a decrease in the secretion of total protein and digestive enzymes from midgut tissues to the midgut lumen. Furthermore, the females produced fewer eggs and eggs with disrupted embryogenesis. These results indicate that LmSPC1 is required for the secretion of secretory proteins, affects physiological functions, including moulting, feeding, reproduction and embryonic development, and is essential for survival. Therefore, LmSPC1 may be a potential target for locust control.
Identification and characterization of a sex peptide receptor‐like transcript from the western tarnished plant bug Lygus hesperus
Authors: Hull J. J. , Brent C. S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLygus hesperus females exhibit a post‐mating behavioural switch that triggers increased egg laying and decreased sexual interest. In Drosophila melanogaster, these changes are controlled by sex peptide (SP) and the sex peptide receptor (DmSPR). In Helicoverpa armigera, SPR (HaSPR) also regulates some post‐mating behaviour; however, myoinhibiting peptides (MIPs) have been identified as the SPR ancestral ligand, indicating that SPR is a pleiotropic receptor. In the present study, we identified a transcript, designated L. hesperus SPR (LhSPR), that is homologous to known SPRs and which is expressed throughout development and in most adult tissues. LhSPR was most abundant in female seminal depositories and heads as well as the hindgut/midgut of both sexes. In vitro analyses revealed that fluorescent chimeras of LhSPR, DmSPR and HaSPR localized to the cell surface of cultured insect cells, but only DmSPR and HaSPR bound carboxytetramethylrhodamine‐labelled analogues of DmSP21–36 and DmMIP4. Injected DmSP21–36 also failed to have an effect on L. hesperus mating receptivity. Potential divergence in the LhSPR binding pocket may be linked to receptor‐ligand co‐evolution as 9 of 13 MIPs encoded by a putative L. hesperus MIP precursor exhibit an atypical W‐X7‐Wamide motif vs the W‐X6‐Wamide and W‐X8‐Wamide motifs of Drosophila MIPs and SP.
Perception of Spanish primary healthcare nurses about evidence‐based clinical practice: a qualitative study
Authors: Pericas‐Beltran J. , Gonzalez‐Torrente S. , De Pedro‐Gomez J. , Morales‐Asencio J.M. , Bennasar‐Veny M. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundAlthough evidence‐based clinical practice constitutes a priority for healthcare services in many countries within the last few years, there is a general lack of implementation of evidence‐based clinical practice in nursing care, especially in primary health care. Few qualitative studies concerning the influencing factors on evidence‐based clinical practice for community nurses have been carried out.AimThis study examined the perception of nurses in Spanish primary health care with regard to the knowledge, advantages and barriers within the application process with evidence‐based clinical practice.MethodsWe used a descriptive qualitative study with focus groups to collect data. Forty‐six primary care nurses took part in this study and they were distributed into five focus groups.ResultsFive main topics arose from the results achieved: knowledge and development of evidence‐based clinical practice, evidence searching, evidence dissemination, advantages of use of evidence‐based clinical practice, and barriers for its application and implementation. Participants had a positive attitude towards evidence‐based practice, although they used this infrequently because of lack of competence and organizational support for its application.ConclusionOur participants are increasingly determined to take into account evidence within the decision‐making processes in their usual clinical practice. We consider it advisable to develop specialized training strategies as well as provide necessary resources for the implementation of evidence‐based clinical practice duly adapted to the field of primary health care.Implications for nursing and health policyThis study highlights the existing gap in translating knowledge to practice and its potential implications in the effectiveness of nursing interventions and decision making in primary health care, and thus its implications for education policy.
Cypriot and Greek nurses' perceptions of the professional practice environment
Authors: Papastavrou E. , Efstathiou G. , Lemonidou C. , Kalafati M. , Katajisto J. , Suhonen R. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundResearch evidence supports that the role of the professional practice environment is crucial for the delivery of quality care as it is significantly correlated with patient and nurse outcomes. However, in countries sharing similar cultural and ethnic backgrounds, like Cyprus and Greece, as well as the increased mobility of patients and healthcare workers, there is a lack of information regarding this issue. The aim of this study is to explore and compare Cypriot and Greek nurses' perceptions of their professional practice environment.MethodsA descriptive comparative survey was employed using a sample of nurses in Cyprus (N = 150) and Greece (N = 147). Information was collected with the Revised Professional Practice Environment Scale (RPPE).ResultsThe results revealed significant differences between the two countries in three out of eight factors of the RPPE, with Greece's mean value being higher than Cyprus's: Handling Disagreements and Conflicts, Leadership and Autonomy in Clinical Practice, and Teamwork.ConclusionsThe findings generate additional knowledge about the organizational context of care delivery that might help nursing leaders to understand how nurses perceive their work environment and how this influences their work, and consequently the care provided. The results can be utilized by nurse ward managers to improve the quality of nursing care provided. Further research is needed using different approaches to explore nurses' experience in more depth.Implications for nursing or health policyMeasuring nurses' perceptions of their professional practice environment may assist managers and policymakers in introducing interventions that contribute to a better practice environment and consequently to improved nursing, as well as patient, outcomes.
Optimizing the use of breed types in developing country livestock production systems: a neglected research area
Authors: Marshall K. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryDeveloping country livestock production systems are diverse and dynamic, and include those where existing indigenous breeds are currently optimal and likely to remain so, those where non‐indigenous breed types are already in common use, and systems that are changing, such as by intensification, where the introduction of new breed types represents significant opportunities. These include opportunities to improve the livelihood of the world's poor, increase food and nutrition security and enhance environmental sustainability. At present, very little research has focused on this issue, such that significant knowledge gaps in relation to breed‐change interventions remain. The purpose of this study is to raise awareness of this issue and suggests strategic research areas to begin filling these knowledge gaps. Such strategic research would include (i) assessing the impact of differing breed types in developing country livestock productions systems, from a range of viewpoints including intrahousehold livelihood benefit, food and nutrition security at different scales, and environmental sustainability; (ii) identification of specific livestock production systems within developing countries, and the type of livestock keepers within these system, that are most likely to benefit from new breed types; and (iii) identification of new breed types as candidates for in‐situ testing within these systems, such as through the use of spatial analysis to identify similar production environments combined with community acceptance studies. Results of these studies would primarily assist stakeholders in agriculture, including both policy makers and livestock keepers, to make informed decisions on the potential use of new breed types.
A loss of telocytes accompanies fibrosis of multiple organs in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Manetti Mirko , Rosa Irene , Messerini Luca , Guiducci Serena , Matucci‐Cerinic Marco , Ibba‐Manneschi Lidia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and various internal organs. In SSc, telocytes, a peculiar type of stromal (interstitial) cells, display severe ultrastructural damages and are progressively lost from the clinically affected skin. The aim of the present work was to investigate the presence and distribution of telocytes in the internal organs of SSc patients. Archival paraffin‐embedded samples of gastric wall, myocardium and lung from SSc patients and controls were collected. Tissue sections were stained with Masson's trichrome to detect fibrosis. Telocytes were studied on tissue sections subjected to CD34 immunostaining. CD34/CD31 double immunofluorescence was performed to unequivocally differentiate telocytes (CD34‐positive/CD31‐negative) from vascular endothelial cells (CD34‐positive/CD31‐positive). Few telocytes entrapped in the fibrotic extracellular matrix were found in the muscularis mucosae and submucosa of SSc gastric wall. In the muscle layers and myenteric plexus, the network of telocytes was discontinuous or even completely absent around smooth muscle cells and ganglia. Telocytes were almost completely absent in fibrotic areas of SSc myocardium. In SSc fibrotic lung, few or no telocytes were observed in the thickened alveolar septa, around blood vessels and in the interstitial space surrounding terminal and respiratory bronchioles. In SSc, the loss of telocytes is not restricted to the skin, but it is a widespread process affecting multiple organs targeted by the fibrotic process. As telocytes are believed to be key players in the regulation of tissue/organ homoeostasis, our data suggest that telocyte loss might have important pathophysiological implications in SSc.
The neurobiology of aggression: implications for the pharmacotherapy of aggressive challenging behaviour by people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Willner Paul 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this review is to summarise current understanding of the neurobiology of aggression and within this context to consider the evidence base for the pharmacotherapy of aggressive challenging behaviour by people with intellectual disabilities (ID).EvidenceAggressive encounters involve a variety of psychological processes and progress has been made in understanding the brain mechanisms involved. However, the role in aggression of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine and γ‐aminobutyric acid is no longer as clear as it once appeared, with the result that predictions cannot be made with confidence about drug effects on aggression. There have been relatively few controlled trials of pharmacotherapy for aggression in people with ID, or, indeed, in the general population, and their outcomes have largely been negative.ConclusionWith the possible exception of risperidone, there is no reliable evidence that antidepressant, neuroleptic or anticonvulsant drugs are effective treatments for aggression by people with ID.
Effects of peptide fraction and counter ion on the development of clinical signs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Boullerne Anne I. , Polak Paul E. , Braun David , Sharp Anthony , Pelligrino Dale , Feinstein Douglas L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe most commonly used immunogen to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is MOG35‐55, a 21‐residue peptide derived from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). In most studies, mice exhibit a chronic disease; however, in some studies mice show a transient disease. One variable that is not often controlled for is the peptide fraction of the purified MOG material, which can vary from less than 50% to over 90%, with the remainder of mass primarily comprised of the counter ion used for peptide purification. We compared the development of clinical signs in female C57Bl6 mice immunized with two commercially available MOG35‐55 peptides of similar purity but different peptide fraction (MOG‐A being 45%; MOG‐B being 72%). A single immunization with MOG‐A induced a chronic disease course with some recovery at later stages, whereas immunization with MOG‐B induced a similar course of disease but with significantly lower average clinical scores despite a higher peptide content. The addition of a booster immunization significantly increased clinical severity with both preparations, and significantly reduced the average day of onset using MOG‐A. To determine if the counter ion could influence disease, we compared MOG‐B‐containing trifluoroacetate with MOG‐B‐containing acetate. Although disease incidence and severity were similar, the average day of disease onset occurred approximately 5 days earlier with the use of MOG‐B‐containing trifluoroacetate. These results demonstrate that differences in peptide fraction influence the course of encephalomyelitis disease, which may be due in part to the levels of counter ions present in the purified material. These findings underscore the fact that a knowledge of peptide fraction is as critical as knowledge of peptide purity when using peptides from different sources.
image
The most commonly used immunogen to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is MOG35‐55, a 21‐residue peptide derived from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Subtle variations in MOG immunization protocols can influence the type of disease, the average day of onset, disease severity, and overall incidence. We hypothesized that variance in peptide fraction and counter ion may contribute to those differences. Surprisingly, immunization with a MOG preparation of high (72%) peptide fraction resulted in lower average EAE clinical scores and later disease onset than immunization with a preparation having only 45% peptide fraction. Replacement of trifluoroacetate (TFA), the counter ion used for MOG peptide purification, with acetate delayed disease onset. These results show that knowledge of peptide fraction and the counter ion present are as critical as peptide purity, particularly when using peptides from different sources. The image shows TFA molecules (not to scale) hypothetically binding to the positively charged residues of MOG.
Assessment of Androgen Replacement Therapy for Erectile Function in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Examining Nitric Oxide-Related and Inflammatory Factors
Authors: Kataoka Tomoya , Hotta Yuji , Maeda Yasuhiro , Kimura Kazunori 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major public health issue and is considered a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). T2DM is also associated with androgen deficiency. However, there have been few basic studies on androgen replacement therapy (ART) for ED treatment in T2DM animal models, and the mechanism underlying the effect of ART on T2DM-induced ED is unclear.

Aim
To investigate the effect of ART on ED in T2DM rats by examining inflammatory and nitric oxide (NO)-related factors.

Methods
Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and their controls, Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats, were distributed into three groups: LETO, OLETF, and ART. In the ART group, OLETF rats were treated daily with testosterone (3 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) from 20 to 25 weeks of age; LETO and OLETF rats received vehicle only.

Main Outcome Measures
We measured erectile function by using measurements of the ratio between intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) following electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve and by evaluating the endothelial function of the corpus cavernosum in an isometric tension study. Expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction.

Results
The ICP/MAP ratio in the OLETF group was significantly decreased and that in the ART group was significantly improved (P &lt; 0.01). The response to acetylcholine was significantly decreased in the OLETF group and improved in the ART group (P &lt; 0.01). Although expression of eNOS and Sirt1 mRNA was decreased and that of iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA was increased in the OLETF group, ART improved mRNA expression.

Conclusions
ART suppressed inflammation in rats with T2DM and metabolic disorders and improved their endothelial and erectile functions. ART could be effective for T2DM-induced ED and may be considered a potential ED treatment method.
Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana: stimulation or inhibition by chloride ions and feedback regulation by proline depend on whether NADPH or NADH acts as co‐substrate
Authors: Giberti Samuele , Funck Dietmar , Forlani Giuseppe 
Published: January 2014

Summary

Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate (P5C) reductase (P5CR) catalyses the final step of proline synthesis in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, protein levels are correlated neither to the corresponding mRNA copy numbers, nor to intracellular proline concentrations. The occurrence of post‐translational regulatory mechanisms has therefore been hypothesized, but never assessed.

The purification of A. thaliana P5CR was achieved through either a six‐step protocol from cultured cells, or heterologous expression of AtP5CR in Escherichia coli. The protein was characterized with respect to structural, kinetic, and biochemical properties.

P5CR was able to use either NADPH or NADH as the electron donor, with contrasting affinities and maximum reaction rates. The presence of equimolar concentrations of NADP+ completely suppressed the NADH‐dependent activity, whereas the NADPH‐dependent reaction was mildly affected. Proline inhibited only the NADH‐dependent reaction. At physiological values, increasing concentrations of salt progressively inhibited the NADH‐dependent activity, but were stimulatory of the NADPH‐dependent reaction.

The biochemical properties of A. thaliana P5CR suggest a complex regulation of enzyme activity by the redox status of the pyridine nucleotide pools, and the concentrations of proline and chloride in the cytosol. Data support a to date underestimated role of P5CR in controlling stress‐induced proline accumulation.
Diversity of five glutenin loci within durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) germplasm grown in Algeria
Authors: Bellil Ines , Hamdi Ouahiba , Khelifi Douadi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe HMW and B‐LMW glutenin subunits composition of 120 durum wheat germplasm grown in Algeria was examined using SDS‐PAGE. All together, 39 glutenin patterns were detected, including eight for HMW and 21 for B‐LMW glutenin subunits. Twenty‐six different alleles were identified for the five glutenin loci studied, that is, Glu‐A1 (3), Glu‐B1 (7), Glu‐A3 (5), Glu‐B3 (9) and Glu‐B2 (2). Two new alleles were found at Glu‐B3 locus: Glu‐B3new1 encodes for five subunits (7 + 8 + 14 + 16 + 18) and Glu‐B3new2 codes for five subunits (4 + 6* + 12 + 15 + 15*), of which subunit 15* with mobility between bands 15–16 was not described previously. At the Glu‐1 loci, the Glu‐A1c/Glu‐B1e allelic composition was predominant. For the B‐LMW glutenins, the most common allelic composition was Glu‐A3a/Glu‐B3a/Glu‐B2a. The collection analysed shows glutenin alleles and allele combinations related to high gluten strength. This information could be useful to select varieties with improved quality and also as a source of genes to develop new lines when breeding for quality.