bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upgrading a microplate reader for photobiology and all-optical experiments
Authors: Richter Florian , Scheib Ulrike S. , Mehlhorn Jennifer , Schubert Roman , Wietek Jonas , Gernetzki Oliver , Hegemann Peter , Mathes Tilo , Möglich Andreas 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Automation can vastly reduce the cost of experimental labor and thus facilitate high experimental throughput, but little off-the-shelf hardware for the automation of illumination experiments is commercially available. Here, we use inexpensive open-source electronics to add programmable illumination capabilities to a multimode microplate reader. We deploy this setup to characterize light-triggered phenomena in three different sensory photoreceptors. First, we study the photoactivation of Arabidopsis thaliana phytochrome B by light of different wavelengths. Second, we investigate the dark-state recovery kinetics of the Synechocystis sp. blue-light sensor Slr1694 at multiple temperatures and imidazole concentrations; while the kinetics of the W91F mutant of Slr1694 are strongly accelerated by imidazole, the wild-type protein is hardly affected. Third, we determine the light response of the Beggiatoa sp. photoactivatable adenylate cyclase bPAC in Chinese hamster ovary cells. bPAC is activated by blue light in dose-dependent manner with a half-maximal intensity of 0.58 mW cm−2; intracellular cAMP spikes generated upon bPAC activation decay with a half time of about 5 minutes after light switch-off. Taken together, we present a setup which is easily assembled and which thus offers a facile approach to conducting illumination experiments at high throughput, reproducibility and fidelity.
Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Community Hospitals
Authors: Lewis Sarah S. , Walker Vanessa J. , Lee Mi Suk , Chen Luke , Moehring Rebekah W. , Cox Christopher E. , Sexton Daniel J. , Anderson Deverick J. 
Published: October 2014

Objective.Describe the epidemiology of healthcare-related (ie, healthcare-associated and hospital-acquired) pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among hospitalized patients in community hospitals.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Setting.Twenty-four community hospitals in the southeastern United States affiliated with the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network (median size, 211 beds; range, 103–658 beds).Methods.Adult patients with healthcare-related MRSA pneumonia admitted to study hospitals from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2012, were identified using surveillance data. Seasonal and annual incidence rates (cases per 100,000 patient-days) were estimated using generalized estimating equation models. Characteristics of community-onset and hospital-onset cases were compared.Results.A total of 1,048 cases of healthcare-related pneumonia due to MRSA were observed during 5,863,941 patient-days. The annual incidence rate of healthcare-related MRSA pneumonia increased from 11.3 cases per 100,000 patient-days (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.8–18.7) in 2008 to 15.5 cases per 100,000 patient-days (95% CI, 8.4–28.5) in 2012 (P = .055). The incidence rate was highest in winter months and lowest in summer months (15.4 vs 11.1 cases per 100,000 patient-days; incidence rate ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.06–1.82]; P = .016). A total of 814 cases (77.7%) were community-onset healthcare-associated pneumonia cases; only 49 cases (4.7%) were ventilator-associated cases. Of 811 patients whose disposition was known, 240 (29.6%) died during hospitalization or were discharged to hospice.Conclusions.From 2008 through 2012, the incidence of healthcare-related MRSA pneumonia among patients who were admitted to a large network of community hospitals increased, despite the decreasing incidence of invasive MRSA infections nationwide. Additional study is warranted to evaluate trends in this important and potentially modifiable public health problem.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(12):1452–1457
Evaluating Use of Neutral Electrolyzed Water for Cleaning Near-Patient Surfaces
Authors: Stewart M. , Bogusz A. , Hunter J. , Devanny I. , Yip B. , Reid D. , Robertson C. , Dancer S. J. 
Published: October 2014

Objective.This study aimed to monitor the microbiological effect of cleaning near-patient sites over a 48-hour period with a novel disinfectant, electrolyzed water.Setting.One ward dedicated to acute care of the elderly population in a district general hospital in Scotland.Methods.Lockers, left and right cotsides, and overbed tables in 30 bed spaces were screened for aerobic colony count (ACC), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) before cleaning with electrolyzed water. Sites were rescreened at varying intervals from 1 to 48 hours after cleaning. Microbial growth was quantified as colony-forming units (CFUs) per square centimeter and presence or absence of MSSA and MRSA at each site. The study was repeated 3 times at monthly intervals.Results.There was an early and significant reduction in average ACC (360 sampled sites) from a before-cleaning level of 4.3 to 1.65 CFU/cm2 at 1 hour after disinfectant cleaning (P <.0001). Average counts then increased to 3.53 CFU/cm2 at 24 hours and 3.68 CFU/cm2 at 48 hours. Total MSSA/MRSA (34 isolates) decreased by 71% at 4 hours after cleaning but then increased to 155% (53 isolates) of precleaning levels at 24 hours.Conclusions.Cleaning with electrolyzed water reduced ACC and staphylococci on surfaces beside patients. ACC remained below precleaning levels at 48 hours, but MSSA/MRSA counts exceeded original levels at 24 hours after cleaning. Although disinfectant cleaning quickly reduces bioburden, additional investigation is required to clarify the reasons for rebound contamination of pathogens at near-patient sites.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(12):1505–1510
Physics of Long-Range Interacting Systems
Authors: Campa A. , Dauxois T. , Fanelli D. , Ruffo S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis book deals with an important class of many-body systems: those where the interaction potential decays slowly for large inter-particle distance. In particular, systems where the decay is slower than the inverse inter-particle distance raised to the dimension of the embedding space. Gravitational and Coulomb interactions are the most prominent examples. However, it has become clear that long-range interactions are more common than previously thought. This has stimulated a growing interest in the study of long-range interacting systems, which has led to a much better understanding of the many peculiarities in their behaviour. The seed of all particular features of these systems, both at equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium, is the lack of additivity. It is now well understood that this does not prevent a statistical mechanics treatment. However, it does require a more in-depth study of the thermodynamic limit and of all related theoretical concepts. A satisfactory understanding of properties generally considered as oddities only a couple of decades ago has now been reached: ensemble inequivalence, negative specific heat, negative susceptibility, ergodicity breaking, out-of-equilibrium quasi-stationary-states, anomalous diffusion, etc. The first two parts describe the theoretical and computational instruments needed for addressing the study of both equilibrium and dynamical properties of systems subject to long-range forces. The third part of the book is devoted to discussing the applications of such techniques to the most relevant examples of long-range systems. The only prerequisite is a basic course in statistical mechanics.
Comparison of crystal structures of 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole and 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-2-methyl-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole
Authors: Penthala Narsimha Reddy , Madadi Nikhil Reddy , Bommagani Shobanbabu , Parkin Sean , Crooks Peter A. 
Published: October 2014

The title compound, C19H17N3O3S (I), was prepared by a [3 + 2]cycloaddition azide condensation reaction using sodium azide and L-proline as a Lewis base catalyst.N-Methylation of compound (I) using CH3I gave compound (II), C20H19N3O3S. The benzothiophene ring systems in (I) and (II) are almost planar, with r.m.s deviations from the mean plane = 0.0205 (14) in (I) and 0.016 (2) Å in (II). In (I) and (II), the triazole rings make dihedral angles of 32.68 (5) and 10.43 (8)°, respectively, with the mean planes of the benzothiophene ring systems. The trimethoxy phenyl rings make dihedral angles with the benzothiophene rings of 38.48 (4) in (I) and 60.43 (5)° in (II). In the crystal of (I), the molecules are linked into chains by N—H...O hydrogen bonds withR21(5) ring motifs. After theN-methylation of structure (I), no hydrogen-bonding interactions were observed for structure (II). The crystal structure of (II) has a minor component of disorder that corresponds to a 180° flip of the benzothiophene ring system [occupancy ratio 0.9363 (14):0.0637 (14)].
Smart specialisation strategies in south Europe during crisis
Authors: Komninos Nicos , Musyck Bernard , Iain Reid Alasdair 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to assess how national and regional authorities in south-east Europe in a period of crisis perceive and set in motion research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3) and the options that these strategies offer to overcome the current fiscal and development crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper starts with a literature review on the guiding principles of smart specialisation strategies and the differences from previous rounds of regional innovation strategies. Evidence on smart specialisation efforts is provided by cases studies in Greece, Slovenia, and Cyprus, focusing on the elaboration of such strategies in three countries with precarious innovation systems under severe conditions of crisis. The case studies are organised around key aspects of the smart specialisation logic, such as the selection of specialisation priorities, bottom-up governance, private sector leadership, and engines of innovation and competitiveness.

Findings
– The paper explores the obstacles encountered in running effective RIS strategies under crisis conditions. The paper highlights the main challenges to address, such as the readiness and credibility of public authorities to design and implement sound RIS3 strategies, the willingness of companies to be involved in strategic planning, the availability of private investment funds, innovation and diversification during a crisis, and the drivers of specialisation that could lead to competitiveness and growth. In the conclusions the paper identifies three routes towards smarter productive diversification and five critical stages in the entrepreneurial discovery process.

Originality/value
– The paper has both practical and theoretical significance. It focuses on the main challenges of smart specialisation and offers guidance in the elaboration of RIS3 in peripheral EU economies. On the other hand, it proposes a model for the entrepreneurial discovery process, based on the assessment of areas and futures of productivity and added-value increase, as productive diversification and crisis exit route.
Path dependence in policies supporting smart specialisation strategies
Authors: M. Valdaliso Jesús , Magro Edurne , Navarro Mikel , Jose Aranguren Mari , R. Wilson James 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to apply the path dependence theoretical framework to STI policies that support research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3).Design/methodology/approach– Review of the recent literature on the phases, sources of reinforcement and change mechanisms (layering, conversion, recombination, etc.) present in path-dependent processes, as well as the role played by mental frameworks, political agents and power relations; and its illustration and testing over 30 years of STI policy development in the Basque Country.Findings– How to operationalise the analysis of continuity and change of STI policies supporting RIS3 policies characterised by path dependence processes. Likewise, learnings from the analysis of Basque case regarding the types of challenges that European regions will face as they design their RIS3, according to their degree of maturity in STI policies.Originality/value– It is the first time that the recently developed tools for analysis of path-dependent processes are applied to the development of STI policies supporting RIS3 policies.
Training evaluation levels and ROI: the case of a small logistics company
Authors: Curado Carla , Martins Teixeira Susana 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This study’s purpose is to contribute to literature on training evaluation following Kirkpatrick’s four-levels model and estimating each training program’s return on investment (ROI) using evidence from a small firm.Design/methodology/approach– This case study uses data collected at a logistics company based upon training output indicators like training program evaluation data; individual performance evaluation reports; information on attained objectives; service and productivity levels; quality audit reports; and accounting data.Findings– Results show that all the training programs addressed report evaluation procedures at the four different levels (reactions, learning, behavior and results). ROI for each training program was estimated based upon costs and benefits associated to each program. The two training programs presenting above-average returns address work quality and conditions. The program addressing corporate social responsibility issues produced below-average results.Research limitations/implications– Limitations to this study may result from collecting data in a single moment in time and using data from a single organization, excluding generalization and extrapolation of results.Practical implications– This case study should inspire managers in small and medium enterprises (SME) to implement training evaluation practices and ROI estimation. Having the ROI estimation available allows better management of the training budget, as ROI’s presentation is an argument to assign value and progress.Originality/value– The originality of this study regards the way it reports training evaluation practices at the four levels established by Kirkpatrick’s framework (2005) and complements it with ROI estimation regarding five training courses run at a Portuguese SME logistics firm.
Strengthening student engagement: what do students want in online courses?
Authors: Chakraborty Misha , Muyia Nafukho Fredrick 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper was to identify pertinent studies on the important issue of student engagement strategies in online courses and to establish from empirical studies student engagement strategies that work.Design/methodology/approach– The paper adopted the literature review approach. The authors conducted a thorough and systematic search of the literature to find empirical studies focusing on online engagement strategies within the field of education and distance learning. To generate as many relevant publications as possible, both manual and electronic searches were conducted. The databases used included; Academic Search Complete (Ebsco), Social Sciences Full Text (Wilson), ProQuest Education Journals, ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis, ProQuest Central, Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCIISI), ERIC, (Ebsco), SAGE Full-Text Collection (CSA), Google Scholar and Emerald.Findings– The results of this paper revealed the several factors that can create engaging learning experiences for the online learners. The primary factors are as follows: creating and maintaining positive learning environment; building learning community; giving consistent feedback in timely manner; and using the right technology to deliver the right content.Research limitations/implications– The paper is limited, as it is based on a review of literature. Empirical studies need to be conducted to support the ideas generated in this paper. For example, it is proposed that individual and institutional characteristics play an important role in promoting learner satisfaction in online courses. Additional studies that can explore this aspect in detail are needed.Originality/value– The paper has both professional and educational implications. The findings of this paper can help identify areas where the instructors and designers of online classes need to focus. The student engagement strategies for online courses identified should assist both experienced and beginning online instructors in the design and successful delivery of online courses. Students taking online courses should find the results of this study invaluable.
Elite connectivity and concerted action in French organization
Authors: Maclean Mairi , Harvey Charles 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to explore some of the distinctive features of organizing and organization in France which set it apart from organization in other nations, and which are fundamental to itsmodus operandi. In particular, this article is concerned with elite connectivity and concerted action by elite “connectors”.Design/methodology/approach– The research underpinning this article stems from a cross-national comparative project on business elites and corporate governance in France and the UK. This has three dimensions, being quantitative, qualitative and case study-based. Concerted action by the ruling elite is explored through two illustrative vignettes: the ousting from office of Jean-Marie Messier and State-sponsored expansion as pursued by EDF. Both examples shed light on the French business elite’s response to globalization and the development of international business.Findings– The paper finds elite cohesion to be achieved quite differently in the two countries. In addition, it finds that the ties that bind French connectors tend to be strong and institutionally based.Practical implications– The case of EDF suggests that the most ambitious of State-sponsored strategies can also be the most successful. It implies that elite ideologies in France have deviated relatively little from sentiments expressed by Rousseau and de Gaulle concerning the primacy of the national interest and the conviction that firms can serve as an (expansionist) instrument of the nation. The Messier case illuminates the pattern of close relationships among the French business elite. It demonstrates how a strategy of expansion may come unstuck when it is not grounded in the customary modes of business regulation.Originality/value– This research confirms a slight preference on the part of the French business elite for more homogenous ties. Against this, the paper demonstrates that a significant proportion of the French elite act as boundary spanners, brokering relationships with others from more distant parts of the wider network. The integration of the French elite in the Eurozone has potentially favored bridge-building relationships and weakened national embeddedness. This may contribute to the decline of indigenous interlocks, while promoting the further internationalization of top management teams. The implications of this for organizational strategy, firm survival and economic performance form an agenda for future research.
Action research and intervention research in the French landscape of organizational research
Authors: Savall Henri , Zardet Véronique 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to present a concise history of the main action research (AR) contribution in France. The authors discuss the role of AR in the organizational research field in general and compare it with intervention research (IR) and presented Institute of Socio-Economy of Enterprises and Organizations’s specific contributions and its presence on the international stage through review publications and wider works.Design/methodology/approach– A narrative approach was used to analyze this history.Findings– AR is considered as a research family. The authors define and compare AR with other qualitative methods. They analyze AR and IR principles, which include interaction with practitioners, negotiation with them, focusing in the third part on the case of ISEOR research team.Social implications– AR and IR permit to bridge the gap between researchers and practitioners, to develop useful research. At the same time, they permit to develop new researchers' competencies and to fund research, in a context of reduced public research funds.Originality/value– This article permits to understand the reality of what is and how to develop an IR, and the difficulties for researchers to insert them in the academic community, although France seems to be more permissive than others’ contexts. It permits also to better know the French IR and AR research in management.
French industrial relations: a dual paradox with deep historical roots
Authors: R. Rojot Jacques 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to clarify the dual paradox of French industrial relations. On the one hand, unions are numerically weak and bitterly divided but retain a significant influence. On the other hand, the social climate remains highly conflict-prone and marked by an ideological rhetoric opposing the wealthy oppressors to the exploited masses within a relatively prosperous society.Design/methodology/approach– The paper finds a historical explanation in constant features of French society.Findings– The paper found that specific concepts of freedom and equality shaped the present organization of industrial relations.Originality/value– The paper explains the structure and organization of unions and labor relations through societal elements structured historically.
Fortune 100 companies’ Facebook strategies: corporate ability versus social responsibility
Authors: Kim Sora , Kim Soo-Yeon , Hoon Sung Kang 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine how Fortune 100 companies are using Facebook (FB) in terms of employing corporate ability (CA), corporate social responsibility (CSR), and hybrid communication strategies, meeting different stakeholders’ expectations, and incorporating interactivity components into social media.

Design/methodology/approach
– A quantitative content analysis was used to examine a total of 1,486 corporate FB postings.

Findings
–Fortune 100 companies predominantly employed a CA strategy over a CSR strategy or a hybrid strategy. They prioritize customers’ needs over other stakeholders’ (e.g. stockholders and community members) on FB. FB fans are more likely to post “like” when companies personalize their FB messages. Seeking specific action-oriented participation on FB increased the frequencies of “like” and “comment,” whereas using the generic terms like “try” or “learn” decreased such frequencies. Finally, the frequencies of fans posting “like” and “comment” are affected by how often companies responded to fans’ postings and not influenced by how often companies feed new FB updates to fans.

Originality/value
– This study provides a benchmark case of how corporations are using a mainstream social media outlet to engage different stakeholders. It helps to assess the current status of public relations communication strategies on the mainstream social networking site. Companies can increase public engagement and response on social media through more personalized messages and techniques to encourage active participation and dialogue.