bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Polymerized pCBT Composites with Aligned Carbon Nanotube Buckypaper: Structure and Properties
Authors: Li Zhongrui , Downes Rebekah , Liang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2014

High‐performance carbon‐nanotube‐based thermoplastic composites are synthesized through in situ polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate (pCBT) on aligned carbon nanotube buckypaper. The initial results show that the buckypaper/pCBT composites have a tensile strength of approximately 600 MPa and a modulus of 96 GPa due to the aligned nanotubes in the composite acting as a framework and the in situ polymerization resulting in increased interfacial interactions between the pCBT chains and nanotubes. The buckypaper/pCBT composites also demonstrate significantly improved thermal (70 W m−1 °C−1) and electric conductivities (526 S cm−1), as well as thermoelectric power (Seebeck coefficient of 64 μV °C−1). With low mass density, these combined excellent multi‐properties indicate that the composites can act as multifunctional materials in numerous applications.
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Five‐year follow‐up of substantia nigra echogenicity in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Iranzo Alex , Stockner Heike , Serradell Mónica , Seppi Klaus , Valldeoriola Francesc , Frauscher Birgit , Molinuevo José Luis , Vilaseca Isabel , Mitterling Thomas , Gaig Carles , Vilas Dolores , Santamaria Joan , Högl Birgit , Tolosa Eduard , Poewe Werner 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra visualized by transcranial sonography occurs in most Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (IRBD) subjects eventually develop PD and other synucleinopathies. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether in IRBD, transcranial sonography identifies subjects who convert to PD and other synucleinopathies, and whether substantia nigra echogenic size changes with time. It was a prospective study in which 55 IRBD patients underwent transcranial sonography at baseline and were invited to follow‐up after 5 years. Patients were assessed by the same experienced sonographer who was blinded to clinical data and baseline transcranial sonography results, and used the same equipment and adjustments. Twenty‐one (38.2%) subjects were diagnosed with a synucleinopathy (PD in 11, dementia with Lewy bodies in nine, and multiple system atrophy in one). Sensitivity of baseline substantia nigra hyperechogenicity for the development of a synucleinopathy was 42.1%, specificity 67.7%, positive predictive value 44.4%, negative predictive value 65.6%, and relative risk 1.29. No differences were detected between the first and second examination in mean size of the substantia nigra (0.20 ± 0.09 cm2 vs. 0.19 ± 0.07 cm2; P = 0.777) and in percentage of patients with substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (33.3% vs. 42.8%, P = 0.125). Transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra alone is not a useful tool to identify IRBD subjects at risk for the development of PD or a synucleinopathy after 5 years of follow‐up. In IRBD, transcranial sonography cannot be used to monitor the degenerative process in the substantia nigra, because echogenicity size remains stable over time. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
EuroInf: AMulticenter Comparative Observational Study of Apomorphine and Levodopa Infusion in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Reddy Prashanth , Katzenschlager Regina , Antonini Angelo , Todorova Antoniya , Odin Per , Henriksen Tove , Martin Anne , Calandrella Daniela , Rizos Alexandra , Bryndum Narissah , Glad Arne , Dafsari Haidar Salimi , Timmermann Lars , Ebersbach Georg , Kramberger Milica G. , Samuel Michael , Wenzel Karoline , Tomantschger Volker , Storch Alexander , Reichmann Heinz , Pirtosek Zvezdan , Trost Maja , Svenningsson Per , Palhagen Sven , Volkmann Jens , Chaudhuri K. Ray 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTSubcutaneous apomorphine infusion (Apo) and intrajejunal levodopa infusion (IJLI) are two treatment options for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and refractory motor complications, with varying cost of treatment. There are no multicenter studies comparing the effects of the two strategies. This open‐label, prospective, observational, 6‐month, multicenter study compared 43 patients on Apo (48.8% males, age 62.3 ± 10.6 years; disease duration: 14 ± 4.4 years; median H & Y stage 3; interquartile range [IQR]: 3‐4) and 44 on IJLI (56.8% males, age 62.7 ± 9.1 years; disease duration: 16.1 ± 6.7 years; median H & Y stage 4; IQR, 3‐4). Cohen's effect sizes (≥0.8 considered as large) were “large” with both therapies with respect to total motor, nonmotor, and quality‐of‐life scores. The Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) with Apo showed moderate improvement, whereas sleep/fatigue, gastrointestinal, urinary, and sexual dimensions of the NMSS showed significantly higher improvement with IJLI. Seventy‐five percent on IJLI improved in their quality‐of‐life and nonmotor symptoms (NMS), whereas in the Apo group, a similar proportion improved in quality of life, but 40% in NMS. Adverse effects included peritonitis with IJLI and skin nodules on Apo. Based on this open‐label, nonrandomized, comparative study, we report that, in advanced Parkinson's patients, both IJLI and Apo infusion therapy appear to provide a robust improvement in motor symptoms, motor complications, quality‐of‐life, and some NMS. Controlled, randomized studies are required. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Graphical programming interface: A development environment for MRI methods
Authors: Zwart Nicholas R. , Pipe James G. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeTo introduce a multiplatform, Python language‐based, development environment called graphical programming interface for prototyping MRI techniques.MethodsThe interface allows developers to interact with their scientific algorithm prototypes visually in an event‐driven environment making tasks such as parameterization, algorithm testing, data manipulation, and visualization an integrated part of the work‐flow. Algorithm developers extend the built‐in functionality through simple code interfaces designed to facilitate rapid implementation.ResultsThis article shows several examples of algorithms developed in graphical programming interface including the non‐Cartesian MR reconstruction algorithms for PROPELLER and spiral as well as spin simulation and trajectory visualization of a FLORET example.ConclusionThe graphical programming interface framework is shown to be a versatile prototyping environment for developing numeric algorithms used in the latest MR techniques. Magn Reson Med 74:1449–1460, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Speed limit quasi splines and their application to interpolation with bounded first order derivative
Authors: Levi Yoni , Yavneh Irad 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe problem of computing spline‐like functions for ideal data, subject to two‐sided inequality constraints on the first‐order derivative, are considered, focusing primarily on constant constraints and then generalizing. Using a variational approach, in which the inequality constraints are not explicitly imposed, a special type of exponential splines we call speed limit quasi splines is introduced. A simple, non‐parametric, efficient, and robust iterative solver is suggested, which is suitable for a wide range of inequality constraints. Analysis of the convergence factor of this algorithm is provided and supported by extensive numerical tests. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cards onKiriwina: Magic, Cosmology, and the ‘Divine Dividual’ inTrobriand Gambling
Authors: Mosko Mark S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTrobriandIslanders adopted card gambling fromEuropeans in colonial times alongside a growing familiarity with introduced money and commodities. Most ethnographic reports of gambling elsewhere inPNGhave concentrated on its secular aspects. Here I focus on its ritual dimension summarized by the notion oflaki(‘lucky’) as expressed in the agentive capacities of a new player, the ‘divine dividual’, who synthesizes elements ofSahlins's ‘divine king’ and the ‘dividual’ of theNewMelanesianEthnography. In accord with the local understandings of spiritual agency, manyTrobriand men have adapted pre‐existing magical practices for courting,kula, fishing, sorceryetc.to gambling by seeking to encompass the perceived powers of exogenousEuropeans, acknowledged as the sources oflaki, money and commodities, into their own persons in ways analogous to traditional magicians' reliance uponbalomaspirits.Trobriand gambling thus exemplifies how change following from the introduction of novelWestern practices can be effectively accommodated to preexisting religious and cultural practices through indigenous modes of personhood and agency.
Afterword: Manufacturing Gambling
Authors: Cassidy Rebecca 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this afterword I outline the expansion and reclassification of gambling which has been taking place over the past 30 years. Expansion has coincided with the emergence of gambling studies, which concentrates on identifying and counting pathological subjects as ‘problem gamblers’. This focus on individual consumption deflects attention from broader structural questions including the redistributive effects of gambling expenditure and taxation. Ethnographic descriptions of gambling including those contained in this edition have the potential to disrupt the field of gambling studies. Firstly, by introducing a focus on relationships rather than individuals, and secondly by showing that gambling reflects diverse ideas about luck, uncertainty, wealth and personhood.
Taibobo: Dancing over the Oceans, from Rotuma to Torres Strait and Back Again
Authors: Mua Makereta , Beckett Jeremy 
Published: November 2014

Abstract‘Taibobo’ is the name the Torres Strait Islanders give to the style of singing and dancing that they learned from the Rotuman sailors who worked in the marine industry in the late 19th century. The Islanders of Eastern Torres Strait continued to practise them long after the Rotumans had gone, as a part of a repertoire of songs and dances, old and new. Beckett recorded Taibobo in the 1950s. When a Rotuman researcher came to Torres Strait in 2004, Islanders could still sing the songs which, as it eventuated, only the oldest people in Rotuma could remember.The paper will place the Torres Strait adoption of the songs and dances in historical context and describe Taibobo – both the songs and the dances —as one of us encountered it in the 1950s, and later in 2004. Finally the response of contemporary Rotumans on hearing Taibobo recordings from the Torres Strait is documented, as well as the Islander responses to the re‐establishment of contact after so many years.
‘I Search for the Channel Made Fragrant by the Maile’: Genealogies of Discontent and Hope
Authors: Tengan Ty P. Kāwika , Roy Lamakū Mikahala 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAhu‘ena Heiau (whose name Burning Altar describes the sacredness of light) is deemed a paramount religious temple rededicated to Lono by Kamehameha the Great at Kamakahonu, the first Capital of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Restored in 1975 under the leadership of Kahu David Kahelemauna Roy, Jr., it is a place honoured by Kānaka ‘Ōiwi (Indigenous Hawaiians) in ways not recognized by the King Kamehameha Kona Beach Hotel on whose ground it now sits. Henry E. P. Kekahuna, noted Hawaiian scholar, produced a series of maps in the 1950s that documented this heiau (traditional place of ceremony) and other significant cultural sites. Kekahuna's maps reveal a complex, contested landscape of overlapping contemporary and historic features, many of the latter invisible yet still alive in local hearts and memory. The Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania (and indeed anthropology at large) has analogously complex relations with the communities and the region it claims as its particular field of knowledge. The 2014 annual meeting, which convened in the Kamehameha Kona Beach Hotel, provokes a critical assessment of academic practice in light of Indigenous sovereignty, genealogy, senses, memory, and place.
Simulation of Soil Profile Heat Dynamics and their Integration into Hydrologic Modelling in a Permafrost Zone
Authors: Semenova Olga , Vinogradov Yury , Vinogradova Tatyana , Lebedeva Luidmila 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTTo improve hydrologic modelling in permafrost zones, we present a new hydrological modelling approach to simulate ground thaw/freeze processes and the consequent contribution to the hydrologic response. We apply several techniques to simplify the differential equations of heat transfer in soil profiles, from which we derive an analytical solution that accounts for phase changes in soil and includes specific approaches for heat transfer and phase‐dependent soil and snow conductivity. Use of soil horizon physical properties as the model parameters allows robust assessment relative to landscape characteristics. Following integration of these methods within the Hydrograph hydrological model, verification was conducted against a time series of soil temperature observed at the Kolyma Water Balance Station in the continuous permafrost zone of northeast Russia. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Airway obstruction, upper airway artifact and response to bronchodilator in asthmatic and healthy children
Authors: Ioan Iulia , Coutier Laurianne , Bonabel Claude , Albrecht Joris , Demoulin Bruno , Marchal François , Schweitzer Cyril , Varechova Silvia 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe forced oscillation technique (FOT) may be affected by the upper airway artifact in children with airway obstruction. The aim was to test the impact of the artifact on FOT ability to diagnose asthma in children as recommended by current guidelines. Methods: The FOT was performed in 58 asthmatics and 27 controls before and after salbutamol. Respiratory resistance (Rrs) was measured at 8 Hz with a standard generator (SG), and a head generator (HG) that minimizes the upper airway artifact. The response to salbutamol was computed as change in respiratory resistance (Δ%Rrs) and admittance (Δ%Ars) that almost cancels the effect of the upper airway artifact. Results: Rrs and Δ%Rrs were significantly larger in patients than controls by HG (respectively P < 0.001 and P = 0.002) but not SG, while Δ%Ars was larger in asthma than control by both (P < 0.04). Best discriminators between patients and controls were Rrs or Δ%Rrs by HG and Δ%Ars by SG. Conclusion: In asthmatic children, the upper airway artifact significantly impacts FOT measurements. The diagnostic value may be improved by minimization of the shunt, such as the computation of Δ%Ars. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:1053–1059. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LibVM: an architecture for shared library sandboxing
Authors: Goonasekera Nuwan , Caelli William , Fidge Colin 
Published: November 2014

SummaryMany software applications extend their functionality by dynamically loading libraries into their allocated address space. However, shared libraries are also often of unknown provenance and quality and may contain accidental bugs or, in some cases, deliberately malicious code. Most sandboxing techniques that address these issues require recompilation of the libraries using custom tool chains, require significant modifications to the libraries, do not retain the benefits of single address space programming, do not completely isolate guest code, or incur substantial performance overheads. In this paper, we present LibVM, a sandboxing architecture for isolating libraries within a host application without requiring any modifications to the shared libraries themselves, while still retaining the benefits of a single address space and also introducing a system call inter‐positioning layer that allows complete arbitration over a shared library's functionality. We show how to utilize contemporary hardware‐virtualization support towards this end with reasonable performance overheads, and, in the absence of such hardware support, our model can also be implemented using a software‐based mechanism. We ensure that our implementation conforms as closely as possible to existing shared library manipulation functions, minimizing the amount of effort needed to apply such isolation to existing programs. Our experimental results show that it is easy to gain immediate benefits in scenarios where the goal is to guard the host application against unintentional programming errors when using shared libraries, as well as in more complex scenarios, where a shared library is suspected of being actively hostile. In both cases, no changes are required to the shared libraries themselves. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of the vertebrate tailbud
Authors: Beck Caroline W. 
Published: November 2014

The anatomical tailbud is a defining feature of all embryonic chordates, including vertebrates that do not end up with a morphological tail. Due to its seamless continuity with trunk tissues, the tailbud is often overlooked as a mere extension of the body axis; however, the formation of the tail from the tailbud undoubtedly involves unique and distinct mechanisms for forming axial tissues, such as the secondary neurulation process that generates the tailbud‐derived spinal cord. Tailbud formation in the frog Xenopus laevis has been demonstrated to involve interaction of three posterior regions of the embryo that first come into alignment at the end of gastrulation, and molecular models for tailbud outgrowth and patterning have been proposed. While classical studies of other vertebrate models, such as the chicken, initially appeared to draw incompatible conclusions, molecular studies have subsequently shown the involvement of at least some similar genetic pathways. Finally, there is an emerging consensus that at least some vertebrate tailbud cells are multipotent progenitors with the ability to form tissues normally derived from different germ layers‐ a trait normally associated with regeneration of complex appendages, or stem‐like cells. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:33–44. doi: 10.1002/wdev.163This article is categorized under:

Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan
Silas Weir Mitchell on Epilepsy Therapy in the Late 19thto Early 20thCenturies
Authors: Burkholder David B. , Boes Christopher J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSilas Weir Mitchell (1829-1914), one of the fathers of American neurology, is well known for many contributions to neurology. However, his efforts in epilepsy are overshadowed by his other accomplishments. Mitchell introduced a new bromide preparation, lithium bromide, as a viable therapy. His most widely accepted contribution to the field was the introduction of inhaled amyl nitrite for early termination of seizures accompanied by an appropriate aura. Despite the prevalent views on lifestyle modification as a treatment for epilepsy during this time period, as well as Mitchell's own development of the “rest cure” for certain disease states, he was not a proponent of these types of interventions for epilepsy, nor did he support interventions focused on other organ systems, such as abdominal or gynecologic surgery. Mitchell had distinct opinions on the treatment of epilepsy, and helped to advance its therapeutics during his career.
On an extension of Mycielski’s theorem and invariant scrambled sets
Authors: TAN FENG 
Published: November 2014

Let $(X,f)$ be a dynamical system, where $X$ is a perfect Polish space and $f:X\rightarrow X$ is a continuous map. In this paper we study the invariant dependent sets of a given relation string ${\it\alpha}=\{R_{1},R_{2},\ldots \}$ on $X$. To do so, we need the relation string ${\it\alpha}$ to satisfy some dynamical properties, and we say that ${\it\alpha}$ is $f$-invariant (see Definition 3.1). We show that if ${\it\alpha}=\{R_{1},R_{2},\ldots \}$ is an $f$-invariant relation string and $R_{n}\subset X^{n}$ is a residual subset for each $n\geq 1$, then there exists a dense Mycielski subset $B\subset X$ such that the invariant subset $\bigcup _{i=0}^{\infty }f^{i}B$ is a dependent set of $R_{n}$ for each $n\geq 1$ (see Theorems 5.4 and 5.5). This result extends Mycielski’s theorem (see Theorem A) when $X$ is a perfect Polish space (see Corollary 5.6). Furthermore, in two applications of the main results, we simplify the proofs of known results on chaotic sets in an elegant way.
The Church and the Power of Prayer for “the Others”
Authors: O'Collins Gerald 
Published: November 2014

This article critically examines the views of Jacques Dupuis, Gavin D'Costa, and Francis Sullivan on the church's intercession for those of other living faiths or of no faith at all. After clarifying what the Scholastic terminology of “final” and “moral” causality means, it shows how 1 Timothy and Vatican II'sConstitution on the Sacred Liturgyelucidate intercession for “others.” Here a rich tradition of philosophical-theological reflection on the efficacy of prayer can no longer be ignored. Finally, intercession for “others” is inspired by love for them, and brings the faithful to share in Christ's priestly ministry for the whole world. In these ways, the article aspires to open up new themes for the theology of religions.
Suspension flow past a cylinder: particle interactions with recirculating wakes
Authors: Haddadi Hamed , Shojaei-Zadeh Shahab , Connington Kevin , Morris Jeffrey F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractExperimental observations of the flow of a suspension of solid fraction ${\it\phi}\approx 0.084$ over a circular cylindrical post in a shallow microchannel (depth smaller than the cylinder radius) find that the recirculating wake behind the obstacle at moderate Reynolds numbers is depleted or devoid of particles. Particles injected into the wake exit to regain the depleted state. By numerical simulation of the discrete particle motion, the basis for the depletion behind the cylinder is studied; rather than a shallow channel, the numerical simulations consider a periodic domain, mimicking the flow past an infinite cylinder. The Reynolds number is defined, using the average axial velocity ${\bar{U}}$, diameter of the obstacle $D$ and the kinematic viscosity of the suspension ${\it\nu}$, as $Re={\bar{U}}D/{\it\nu}$, and is studied for $Re<30$ in the simulation – conditions for which the pure fluid exhibits an extended steady closed-streamline (recirculating) wake behind the cylinder; unsteadiness is found to be suppressed by the channel walls in the experiments, allowing steady flow at a larger $Re$ than expected for an infinite cylinder (up to at least $Re=300$). The simulations use the lattice-Boltzmann method to determine the motion of the fluid and neutrally buoyant particles. The trajectory of a single particle (small relative to the cylinder) shows migration to a limit cycle inside the wake. With an increase of the number of particles in the wake alone (no particles in the free stream), particles can escape the wake due to velocity fluctuations. Simulation of the flow of suspensions of ${\it\phi}=0.04,0.06$ and 0.08 demonstrates that there is particle exchange between the wake and the free stream; the net flux of particles out of the wake leads to a particle-depleted wake, qualitatively very similar to the experimental observation.