bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angular velocity observer design using vector measurements with application to attitude tracking
Authors: Zhu Hangbiao , Gui Haichao , Su Wenjie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the design of angular velocity observer for rigid bodies using vector measurements directly. The main contributions of our observer compared with the classical estimation algorithms lie in that it does not need to reconstruct the attitude information from the measurements nor be implemented with velocity sensors. Meanwhile, it provides three‐degrees‐of‐freedom (3DOF) full state estimates. To avoid the unstable critical points for the attitude estimation errors on SO(3), the synergistic potential functions based hybrid method is adopted. Afterwards, an output feedback attitude tracking controller with a proportional‐derivative (PD) plus feedforward form is built based on the estimates from the observer, which can also be implemented using vector measurements directly. Rigorous analysis of the stability of the observer and the combined observer‐controller are presented in detail, with a separation property shown between the observer and the controller. Simulations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed observer and the combined attitude tracking law.
Is subsurface soil a chemically more hostile zone for deep‐placed phosphorus fertilizer?
Authors: Tucker William , Degryse Fien , McBeath Therese , Tavakkoli Ehsan , McLaughlin Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe susceptibility of surface soil to drying when rainfall is scarce has prompted evaluation of deeper placement (20 cm) of fertilizers within the profile to where soil moisture is more likely to be stored. However, concerns arise regarding potential chemical challenges to P availability in the subsurface. This study examined differences in chemical conditions between the soil surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (15–25 cm), and investigated the effect on the diffusion and extractability of banded P. Analysis of surface and subsurface samples from 15 sites revealed substantial differences in characteristics that influence P behavior between depths. The phosphorus buffering index (PBI) was largely explained by concentrations of amorphous Al and Fe (hydr)oxides and CaCO3. The measured diffusion distance of P from monoammonium phosphate (MAP) granules was found to be inversely related to PBI. Consequently, significant differences in diffusion distances were typically observed between soil layers characterized by marked PBI variations. The measured diffusion radii were used to calculate the mean P concentrations of surface‐banded and deep‐banded MAP in a field scenario, which were replicated in a 4‐week laboratory incubation. The resulting lability of applied P was determined through isotopic exchange, and although significantly higher P recoveries were measured from the subsurface at two sites where large pH differences existed between depths, no significant differences were measured between depths at all other sites. Hence, the subsurface is not a more hostile zone for deep‐placed P.
Traffic offloading and resource allocation enabled hybrid satellite‐terrestrial networks in cognitive integrated systems using a recurrent neuro‐fuzzy model
Authors: Mishra Manish Kumar , Mishra Ritesh Kumar 
Published: July 2024

SummaryIn recent years, the demand for high‐speed and reliable communication networks has grown exponentially. To meet this demand, researchers and engineers have been exploring innovative solutions that combine the benefits of both satellite and terrestrial networks. The complexity of accurately modeling and predicting dynamic network conditions to optimize resource distribution and maintain seamless connectivity. The objective of this work is to develop and implement a recurrent neuro‐fuzzy model (RNFM)for optimizing traffic offloading and resource allocation in hybrid satellite‐terrestrial networks within cognitive integrated systems. This work, begins with cognitive integrated hybrid satellite‐terrestrial networks employing spectrum‐sharing techniques. These techniques integrate with software‐defined networks (SDN) to facilitate traffic offloading in hybrid satellite‐terrestrial networks (H‐STN). The process incorporates a second‐price sealed‐bid auction mechanism to efficiently allocate resources. Joint resource allocation is then optimized using two convex optimization methods. This allocation, in turn, informs the resource allocation strategy. The system further incorporates user behavior analysis and employs a recurrent neuro‐fuzzy model with deep feed‐forward neural networks to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the entire process. MATLAB simulation that incorporates adaptive learning algorithms and fuzzy logic to dynamically manage network resources and improve system efficiency. The findings show that the proposed technique outperforms both one‐step and multi‐step prediction algorithms with an accuracy increase of 99.23%. The future scope for this research is to integrate advanced machine learning algorithms, such as reinforcement learning, with the recurrent neuro‐fuzzy model to further enhance dynamic traffic offloading and resource allocation in increasingly complex and heterogeneous satellite‐terrestrial network environments.
Direct Band Gap Semiconductor Zn1−x Bex Oxide Maquettes as Magnetic‐Field‐Induced Harmonics: A Comprehensive Design Benchmarking
Authors: Hassan Abrar Ul , Sumrra Sajjad Hussain , Khan Muhammad Usman , Ahamad Tansir 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, we focused on the design and analysis of maquettes of the direct band gap semiconductor Zn1−x Bex oxide. We began by conducting a careful survey on its 60 new designs and among them, selecting the six maquettes (M1‐M6). These maquettes were then subjected to various analyses such as spin density, charge distribution, electronic excitation behavior, nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, and chemical stability. By studying their FMO characteristics and the UV‐Vis analysis allowed us to visualize the charge distribution within the maquettes and identify regions of potential electrophilic and nucleophilic reactivity under UV ranged with a considerable push‐pull. Their λmax values ranged from 345–892 nm, with maquette M2 having the highest value at 892 nm. The evaluation of transition dipole moments provided information on their ability to undergo electronic transitions and to interact with external fields. Their dataset included highest values (e.s.u) for M6, μ (16.00), α×10−24 (29.5), β×10−24 (9.67), γ×10−24 (11.32), and VIP (3.03 eV). We also assessed their chemical to determine their resilience and suitability for practical applications. These findings contribute to the understanding and potential utilization of these maquettes in various technological applications, such as optoelectronics and materials science.
Band Gap Studies on a Thermally Stable Polyimine Polymer and its Metal Complexes
Authors: Iravani Marzieh , Tayebani Maryam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA new polyimine polymer (PL) containing sulphone functional groups was prepared from polycondensation of Schiff base (L) with terephthaloyl chloride at a very moderate condition. The polymer metal complexes were then synthesized from the reaction of polymer with metal salts. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and CHNS elemental analysis have been used to characterize all the synthesized materials. The excellent thermal stability of PL was specified by TGA. The optical features were assessed with the UV‐visible technique. The polymer complexes represent absorbance at the same wavelength as L and PL. The synthesized polymer metal complexes have a band gap varying from 3.19 (CuPL) to 2.77 (CdPL) eV. The inherent viscosities for the synthesized polymer is 0.4490 dL/g in DMF at 25 °C, indicating their moderate molecular weight.
The entry‐deterring effects of synergies in complementor acquisitions: Evidence from Apple's digital platform market, the iOS app store
Authors: Wang Yongzhi , Yue Lori Qingyuan , Rajagopalan Nandini , Wu Brian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryAcquisitions can shift the market structure of a digital platform in ways that affect subsequent entries and hence the platform's base of complementors. Synergies that complementor acquirers accrue can be entry‐deterring. We develop a two‐by‐two typology of acquisition synergies in a multisided platform based on the two sides of a platform market (user side or complementary‐technology side) and two sources of synergies (economies of scale or economies of scope). We then leverage over 279,000 app developers' entry decisions into product categories in Apple's iOS App Store, over 71 million customer reviews, and over 12,000 unique software development kits to construct measures of synergies. Our paper contributes to the platform literature by demonstrating the entry‐deterring effects of synergies that complementor acquirers can exploit.Managerial SummaryWe develop the following typology of four types of acquisition synergies by integrating the multisidedness feature of digital platforms with the mainstream strategy research: complementary‐technology‐side economies of scope, complementary‐technology‐side economies of scale, user‐side economies of scope, and user‐side economies of scale. We show that (1) acquisition synergies are entry‐deterring, (2) synergies derived from economies of scope have stronger effects than those derived from economies of scale, and (3) synergies derived from the technology side have stronger effects than those derived from the user side. We highlight the significant competitive and regulatory implications of our findings. For example, one standard‐deviation increase in technology‐side economies of scope is associated with 55 deterred entries in 1 month or a $2.80 million potential loss in annual revenue.[Correction added on 15 July 2024, after first online publication: Research Summary and Managerial Summary have been corrected in this version.]
Ultrathin Flexible Silica Nanosheets with Surface Chemistry‐Modulated Affinity to Mammalian Cells
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Ping , Zhang Renshuai , Zhang Miao , Wang Chao , Zhao Kaihua , Wang Jing , Wang Ning , Xing Dongming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFlexibility of nanomaterials is challenging but worthy to tune for biomedical applications. Biocompatible silica nanomaterials are under extensive exploration but are rarely observed to exhibit flexibility despite the polymeric nature. Herein, a facile one‐step route is reported to ultrathin flexible silica nanosheets (NSs), whose low thickness and high diameter‐to‐thickness ratio enables folding. Thickness and diameter can be readily tuned to enable controlled flexibility. Mechanism study reveals that beyond the commonly used surfactant, the “uncommon” one bearing two hydrophobic tails play a guiding role in producing sheeted/layered/shelled structures, while addition of ethanol appropriately relieved the strong interfacial tension of the assembled surfactants, which will otherwise produce large curled sheeted structures. With these ultrathin NSs, it is further shown that the cellular preference for particle shape and rigidity is highly dependent on surface chemistry of nanoparticles: under high particle‐cell affinity, NSs, and especially the flexible ones will be preferred by mammalian cells for internalization or attachment, while this preference is basically invalid when the affinity is low. Therefore, properties of the ultrathin silica NSs can be effectively expanded and empowered by surface chemistry to realize improved bio‐sensing or drug delivery.
Hollow Nanoreactors Unlock New Possibilities for Persulfate‐Based Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Wang Ke , Wang Rupeng , Zhang Shiyu , Wang Meng , He Zixiang , Chen Honglin , Ho Shih‐Hsin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs a novel type of catalytic material, hollow nanoreactors are expected to bring new development opportunities in the field of persulfate‐based advanced oxidation processes due to their peculiar void‐confinement, spatial compartmentation, and size‐sieving effects. For such materials, however, further clarification on basic concepts and construction strategies, as well as a discussion of the inherent correlation between structure and catalytic activity are still required. In this context, this review aims to provide a state‐of‐the‐art overview of hollow nanoreactors for activating persulfate. Initially, hollow nanoreactors are classified according to the constituent components of the shell structure and their dimensionality. Subsequently, the different construction strategies of hollow nanoreactors are described in detail, while common synthesis methods for these construction strategies are outlined. Furthermore, the most representative advantages of hollow nanoreactors are summarized, and their intrinsic connections to the nanoreactor structure are elucidated. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of hollow nanoreactors are presented.
A Facile One‐Step Self‐Assembly Strategy for Novel Carbon Dots Supramolecular Crystals with Ultralong Phosphorescence Controlled by NH4+
Authors: Zhu Hanping , Li Kang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA new methodological design is proposed for carbon dots (CDs)‐based crystallization‐induced phosphorescence (CIP) materials via one‐step self‐assembled packaging controlled by NH4+. O‐phenylenediamine (o‐PD) as a nitrogen/carbon source and the ammonium salts as oxidants are used to obtain CDs supramolecular crystals with a well‐defined staircase‐like morphology, pink fluorescence and ultralong green room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) (733.56 ms) that is the first highest value for CDs‐based CIP materials using pure nitrogen/carbon source by one‐step packaging. Wherein, NH4+ and o‐PD‐derived oxidative polymers are prerequisites for self‐assembled crystallization so as to receive the ultralong RTP. Density functional theory calculation indicates that NH4+ tends to anchor to the dimer on the surface state of CDs and guides CDs to cross‐arrange in an X‐type stacking mode, leading to the spatially separated frontier orbitals and the through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) excited state in turn. Such a self‐assembled mode contributes to both the small singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔEST) and the fast inter‐system crossing (ISC) process that is directly related to ultralong RTP. This work not only proposes a new strategy to prepare CDs‐based CIP materials in one step but also reveals the potential for the self‐assembled behavior controlled by NH4+.
Advanced Nanocarbons Toward two‐Electron Oxygen Electrode Reactions for H2O2 Production and Integrated Energy Conversion
Authors: Zhao Linjie , Yan Riqing , Mao Baoguang , Paul Rajib , Duan Wenjie , Dai Liming , Hu Chuangang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable technologies due to its eco‐friendly oxidizing capability. The electrochemical two‐electron (2e−) oxygen reduction reaction and water oxidation reaction present an environmentally green method for H2O2 production. Over the past three years, significant progress is made in the field of carbon‐based metal‐free electrochemical catalysts (C‐MFECs) for low‐cost and efficient production of H2O2 (H2O2EP). This article offers a focused and comprehensive review of designing C‐MFECs for H2O2EP, exploring the construction of dual‐doping configurations, heteroatom‐defect coupling sites, and strategic dopant positioning to enhance H2O2EP efficiency; innovative structural tuning that improves interfacial reactant concentration and promote the timely release of H2O2; modulation of electrolyte and electrode interfaces to support the 2e− pathways; and the application of C‐MFECs in reactors and integrated energy systems. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in this burgeoning field are discussed.
Highly Efficient Spin Injection and Readout Across Van Der Waals Interface
Authors: Chen Hao , Tian Wanghao , Zhang Lishu , Song Peng , Jia Lanxin , Chen Jingsheng , Zhu Zhifeng , Feng Yuan Ping , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpin injection, transport, and detection across the interface between a ferromagnet and a spin‐carrying channel are crucial for energy‐efficient spin logic devices. However, interfacial conductance mismatch, spin dephasing, and inefficient spin‐to‐charge conversion significantly reduce the efficiency of these processes. In this study, it is demonstrated that an all van der Waals heterostructure consisting of a ferromagnet (Fe3GeTe2) and Weyl semimetal enables a large spin readout efficiency. Specifically, a nonlocal spin readout signal of 150 mΩ and a local spin readout signal of 7.8 Ω is achieved, which reach the signal level useful for practical spintronic devices. The remarkable spin readout signal is attributed to suppressed spin dephasing channels at the vdW interfaces, long spin diffusion, and efficient charge‐spin interconversion in Td‐MoTe2. These findings highlight the potential of vdW heterostructures for spin Hall effect‐enabled spin detection with high efficiency, opening up new possibilities for spin‐orbit logic devices using vdW interfaces.
Loosely Bounded Exciton with Enhanced Delocalization Capability Boosting Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Qing , He Chengliang , Li Shuixing , Qiao Jiawei , Li Shilin , Zhang Yuan , Shi Minmin , Zuo Lijian , Hao Xiaotao , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn organic solar cells (OSCs), electron acceptors have undergone multiple updates, from the initial fullerene derivatives, to the later acceptor‐donor‐acceptor type non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), and now to Y‐series NFAs, based on which efficiencies have reached over 19%. However, the key property responsible for further improved efficiency from molecular structure design is remained unclear. Herein, the material properties are comprehensively scanned by selecting PC71BM, IT‐4F, and L8‐BO as the representatives for different development stages of acceptors. For comparison, asymmetric acceptor of BTP‐H5 with desired loosely bounded excitons is designed and synthesized. It's identified that the reduction of intrinsically exciton binding energy (Eb) and the enhancement of exciton delocalization capability act as the key roles in boosting the performance. Notably, 100 meV reduction in Eb has been observed from PC71BM to BTP‐H5, correspondingly, electron‐hole pair distance of BTP‐H5 is almost two times over PC71BM. As a result, efficiency is improved from 40% of S‐Q limit for PC71BM‐based OSC to 60% for BTP‐H5‐based one, which achieves an efficiency of 19.07%, among the highest values for binary OSCs. This work reveals the confirmed function of exciton delocalization capability quantitatively in pushing the efficiency of OSCs, thus providing an enlightenment for future molecular design.
Robust Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photosynthesis of H2O2: Advancements, Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Hao Jiehui , Tang Yanqi , Qu Jiafu , Cai Yahui , Yang Xiaogang , Hu Jundie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince 2020, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as robust catalysts for the photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), benefiting from their distinct advantages. However, the current efficiency of H2O2 production and solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion efficiency (SCC) remain suboptimal due to various constraints in the reaction mechanism. Therefore, there is an imperative to propose efficiency improvement strategies to accelerate the development of this reaction system. This comprehensive review delineates recent advances, challenges, and strategies in utilizing COFs for photocatalytic H2O2 production. It explores the fundamentals and challenges (e.g., oxygen (O2) mass transfer rate, O2 adsorption capacity, response to sunlight, electron‐hole separation efficiency, charge transfer efficiency, selectivity, and H2O2 desorption) associated with this process, as well as the advantages, applications, classification, and preparation strategies of COFs for this purpose. Various strategies to enhance the performance of COFs in H2O2 production are highlighted. The review aims to stimulate further advancements in utilizing COFs for photocatalytic H2O2 production and discusses potential prospects, challenges, and application areas in this field.
“Crossbreeding” NIR‐II flavchromene for PSMA‐positive prostate cancer detection and image‐guided surgery
Authors: Huang Jialiang , Yao Yongkang , Zhang Liao , Yan Chenxu , Guo Zhiqian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProstate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is known to be overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa). The development of precise and rapid imaging technologies to monitor PSMA is crucial for early diagnosis and therapy. Fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) has emerged as a powerful tool for real‐time tracking and in vivo visualization, offering high sensitivity and resolution. However, there is a lack of stable, bright and easy‐to‐implement NIR‐II fluorescent probes for PSMA targeting. Herein, we presented a PSMA‐targeting NIR‐II fluorescent probe FC‐PSMA based on π‐conjugated crossbreeding dyed strategy that affords high stability, large extinction coefficient, and good brightness. As demonstrated, FC‐PSMA displayed a high fluorescence quantum yield in fetal bovine serum (FBS). Following intravenous injection of FC‐PSMA, the tumor‐to‐normal ratio of fluorescence intensity steadily increased over time, reaching a peak at 48 h (tumor‐to‐leg ratio = 12.16 ± 0.90). This advancement enables precise identification of PC through NIR‐II fluorescence imaging, facilitating high‐performance guidance for prostate cancer resection surgery.
Successful whole blood transfusion in an aardvark (Orycteropus afer)
Authors: Heinz Jessica Y. , Wenninger Michael , Nollman Jennifer , Vincent Emily C. , Seeley Kathryn E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAardvarks (Orycteropus afer) are a unique species kept in zoological institutions that are often affected by chronic dental disease. Molar abscessation can become severe enough to cause bone lysis and haemorrhage or fistula formation into the maxillary bone and sinuses. An 18‐year‐old, entire, female aardvark presented for maxillary molar abscessation, which led to haemorrhage and an oronasal fistula. Epistaxis resulted in severe anaemia with a packed cell volume of 6%, requiring a blood transfusion from an unrelated aardvark. No transfusion reaction was observed, and the transfusion resulted in clinical improvement and adequate packed cell volume (28%–39%), which was maintained for at least 15 months. The aardvark appeared to demonstrate a delayed regenerative response to anaemia, likely due to its comorbidities. This case represents the first successful whole blood transfusion in an aardvark.
Development of sialocoele following a mandibular rim excision for treatment of an oral fibrosarcoma in a dog
Authors: Gaudio Eugenio , Baines Elizabeth , Scurrell Emma , Baines Stephen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 12‐year‐old, neutered female, Labrador Retriever was referred to the Willows Veterinary Centre & Referral Service with a history of an oral mass adjacent and distal to 309 causing odynophagia. Biopsy of the mass resulted in an oral fibrosarcoma, which was subsequently removed via mandibular rim excision. Histology of the excised mandible confirmed removal with tumour‐free margins. Two months after surgery, the dog presented again with a 1.5 cm diameter pedunculated soft tissue lesion that had formed at the same location. Excision and histological examination confirmed a sialocoele, likely due to iatrogenic damage to a minor salivary gland of the oral cavity. Two years following the second surgery, no recurrence of the fibrosarcoma or the sialocoele was documented.