bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phytometer study evaluating the effects of stream restoration on riparian vegetation
Authors: Dietrich Anna L. , Nilsson Christer , Jansson Roland 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChannelization of streams and rivers to facilitate timber floating has cut off riparian zones from the channel, covered them with coarse sediment and resulted in less flooding. Restoration measures aiming to counteract these impacts are expected to create a higher, more natural hydrological variability and enhance site quality for riparian plants. In a long‐term field experiment, we evaluated the effect of flooding regime on riparian plant performance by measuring survival and biomass increment of two transplanted phytometer species, a grass (Molinia caerulea) and a forb (Filipendula ulmaria). We also analysed the number and duration of flooding events in channelized and restored stream and river reaches with an indirect method using diurnal temperature oscillation. We found that flow duration was higher, with significantly more flood events at restored compared with channelized sites in medium‐sized and large watercourses, particularly during the summer months. Phytometer performance was better at restored sites, and it was positively correlated with duration and frequency of summer flooding, indicating that more but less intense floods after restoration improved site conditions for phytometer growth. This may not only result from an increased heterogeneity in channel morphology caused by the return of boulders but can probably also be attributed to a reduced current velocity at restored sites. Flood variables were more often correlated with other abiotic variables at restored than at channelized sites, which points to an increased land–water connectivity as a result of restoration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid‐Phase Friedländer Synthesis Using an Alkoxyamine Linker
Authors: Yamaguchi Kota , Noda Takeshi , Tomizawa Toshiki , Kanai Eriko , Hioki Hideaki 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA quinoline library was prepared by combinatorial synthesis using an alkoxyamine linker. Substrates were loaded onto a solid support containing an oxime linkage. After selected reactions on the solid support, the products were cleaved by a Friedländer‐type reaction with ketones under acidic conditions to afford the corresponding quinolines. The recyclability of the solid support was also investigated.
Identifying Solid Luminogens through Gold‐Catalysed Intramolecular Hydroarylation of Alkynes
Authors: Shaikh Aslam C. , Shalini S. , Vaidhyanathan Ramanathan , Mane Manoj V. , Barui Ayan Kumar , Patra Chitta Ranjan , Venkatesh Yeduru , Bangal Prakriti Ranjan , Patil Nitin T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe identification of a new class of luminogens based on pyrrolo‐quinoxaline embedded coumarin (PQC) structures is reported. The reaction relies on the gold‐catalyzed hydroarylation reaction of appropriately substituted aryl alkynoates that produces molecules that exhibit solvatochromism and aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) phenomena. The application of PQCs for live cell imaging has also been demonstrated.
Electrochemical Determination of D‐Glucose Using Nortropine‐N‐oxyl under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Sato Katsuhiko , Ono Tetsuya , Yoshida Kentaro , Ito Toshinori , Kashiwagi Yoshitomo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNortropine‐N‐oxyl (NNO) was synthesized in a single step from nortropine. The electrocatalytical activity of NNO was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in pH7.0 phosphate buffer solution. The anodic peak current for ethanol, isopropanol and glucose was enhanced, showing these alcohols were oxidized by electrocatalytic effect of NNO. On the other hand, TEMPO derivative (4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6,‐terramethylpiperidine N‐oxyl free radical) could not oxidize the alcohols under the same condition. The electrochemical response of the NNO to glucose was investigated. The anodic peak current increased with an increase in the concentration of glucose. A linear response to the glucose concentration ranging from 0.1 to 10 mM was obtained.
Bioconcentration and depuration of 14C-labeled 17α-ethinyl estradiol and 4-nonylphenol in individual organs of the marine bivalve Mytilus edulis L.
Authors: Ricciardi Karen L. , Poynton Helen C. , Duphily Brian J. , Blalock Bonnie J. , Robinson William E. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), including 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), enter coastal environments primarily in effluents of wastewater treatment facilities and have become ubiquitous in marine surface waters, sediments, and biota. Although EE2 and 4-NP have been detected in marine shellfish, the kinetics of bioconcentration and their tissue distribution have not been thoroughly investigated. The authors performed bioconcentration and depuration experiments in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, with 3.37 nM EE2 (0.999 μg/L) and 454 nM 4-NP (100.138 µg/L). Mussels and seawater were sampled throughout a 38-d exposure and a 35-d depuration period, and 6 tissues were individually assayed. Uptake of EE2 and 4-NP was curvilinear throughout exposure and followed a similar uptake pattern: digestive gland &gt; gill ≥ remaining viscera &gt; gonad &gt; adductor &gt; plasma. Depuration varied, however, with half-lives ranging from 2.7 d (plasma) to 92 d (gill) for EE2 and 15 d (plasma) to 57 d (gill) for 4-NP. An innovative modeling approach, with 3 coupled mathematical models, was developed to differentiate the unique roles of the gill and plasma in distributing the EDCs to internal tissues. Plasma appears pivotal in regulating EDC uptake and depuration within the whole mussel. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:863–873. © 2015 SETAC
Development and validation of an in-house quantitative analysis method for cylindrospermopsin using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Quantification demonstrated in 4 aquatic organisms
Authors: Esterhuizen-Londt Maranda , Kühn Sandra , Pflugmacher Stephan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

The cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is of great concern in aquatic environments because of its incidence, multiple toxicity endpoints, and, therefore, the severity of health implications. It may bioaccumulate in aquatic food webs, resulting in high exposure concentrations to higher-order trophic levels, particularly humans. Because of accumulation at primary levels resulting from exposure to trace amounts of toxin, a sensitive analytical technique with proven aquatic applications is required. In the present study, a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric method with a lower limit of detection of 200 fg on column (signal-to-noise ratio = 3, n = 9) and a lower limit of quantification of 1 pg on column (signal-to-noise ratio = 11, n = 9) with demonstrated application in 4 aquatic organisms is described. The analytical method was optimized and validated with a linear range (r2 = 0.999) from 0.1 ng mL–1 to 100 ng mL–1 CYN. Mean recovery of the extraction method was 98 ± 2%. Application of the method was demonstrated by quantifying CYN uptake in Scenedesmus subspicatus (green algae), Egeria densa (Brazilian waterweed), Daphnia magna (water flea), and Lumbriculus variegatus (blackworm) after 24 h of static exposure to 50 μg L–1 CYN. Uptake ranged from 0.05% to 0.11% of the nominal CYN exposure amount. This constitutes a sensitive and reproducible method for extraction and quantification of unconjugated CYN with demonstrated application in 4 aquatic organisms, which can be used in further aquatic toxicological investigations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2878–2883. © 2015 SETAC
„Wie du mir, so ich dir”︁
Authors: Ockenfels Axel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOb im Internethandel, in betrieblichen Boni‐Systemen oder bei multilateralen Verhandlungen — „Reziprozität”︁ kann ein Schlüssel zum Erfolg sein. Die Verhaltensökonomie will mit experimentellen Methoden und spieltheoretischen Modellen das Prinzip gezielt nutzbar machen.
Im Zeichen der Miniaturisierung
Authors: Ostendorf Andreas , König Karsten 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNanostrukturierung und Lasertechnologie: Mit ultrakurzen Pulsen lassen sich winzig kleine Strukturen einfacher und kostengünstiger herstellen. Das ermöglicht vielversprechende Anwendungen in Mikroelektronik und Biomedizin.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Impairs Normal Intestinal Cell Proliferation and Promotes Specific Gene Expression
Authors: Roostaee Alireza , Guezguez Amel , Beauséjour Marco , Simoneau Aline , Vachon Pierre H. , Levy Emile , Beaulieu Jean‐François 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTMechanisms that maintain proliferation and delay cell differentiation in the intestinal crypt are not yet fully understood. We have previously shown the implication of histone methylation in the regulation of enterocytic differentiation. In this study, we investigated the role of histone deacetylation as an important epigenetic mechanism that controls proliferation and differentiation of intestinal cells using the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) on the proliferation and differentiation of human and mouse intestinal cells. Treatment of newly confluent Caco‐2/15 cells with SAHA resulted in growth arrest, increased histone acetylation and up‐regulation of the expression of intestine‐specific genes such as those encoding sucrase‐isomaltase, villin and the ion exchanger SLC26A3. Although SAHA has been recently used in clinical trials for cancer treatment, its effect on normal intestinal cells has not been documented. Analyses of small and large intestines of mice treated with SAHA revealed a repression of crypt cell proliferation and a higher expression of sucrase‐isomaltase in both segments compared to control mice. Expression of SLC26A3 was also significantly up‐regulated in the colons of mice after SAHA administration. Finally, SAHA was also found to strongly inhibit normal human intestinal crypt cell proliferation in vitro. These results demonstrate the important implication of epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation/deacetylation in the regulation of normal intestinal cell fate and proliferation. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2695–2708, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends in hospital deaths among human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients during the antiretroviral therapy era, 1995 to 2011
Authors: Cowell Annie , Shenoi Sheela V. , Kyriakides Tassos C. , Friedland Gerald , Barakat Lydia Aoun 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVEMortality in hospitalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients is not well described. We sought to characterize in‐hospital deaths among HIV‐infected patients in the antiretroviral (ART) era and identify factors associated with mortality.METHODSWe reviewed the medical records of hospitalized HIV‐infected patients who died from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2011 at an urban teaching hospital. We evaluated trends in early and late ART use and deaths due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and non‐AIDS, and identified clinical and demographic correlates of non‐AIDS deaths.RESULTSIn‐hospital deaths declined significantly from 1995 to 2011 (P < 0.0001); those attributable to non‐AIDS increased (43% to 70.5%, P < 0.0001). Non‐AIDS deaths were most commonly caused by non‐AIDS infection (20.3%), cardiovascular (11.3%) and liver disease (8.5%), and non‐AIDS malignancy (7.8%). Patients with non‐AIDS compared to AIDS‐related deaths were older (median age 48 vs 40 years, P < 0.0001), more likely to be on ART (74.1% vs 55.8%, P = 0.0001), less likely to have a CD4 count of <200 cells/mm3 (47.2% vs 97.1%, P < 0.0001), and more likely to have an HIV viral load of ≤400 copies/mL (38.1% vs 4.1%, P < 0.0001). Non‐AIDS deaths were associated with 4.5 and 4.2 times greater likelihood of comorbid underlying liver and cardiovascular disease, respectively.CONCLUSIONSNon‐AIDS deaths increased significantly during the ART era and are now the most common cause of in‐hospital deaths; non‐AIDS infection, cardiovascular and liver disease, and malignancies were major contributors to mortality. Higher CD4 cell count, liver, and cardiovascular comorbidities were most strongly associated with non‐AIDS deaths. Interventions targeting non–AIDS‐associated conditions are needed to reduce inpatient mortality among HIV‐infected patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:608–614. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Giant two‐photon absorption in monolayer MoS2
Authors: Li Yuanxin , Dong Ningning , Zhang Saifeng , Zhang Xiaoyan , Feng Yanyan , Wang Kangpeng , Zhang Long , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStrong two‐photon absorption (TPA) in monolayer MoS2 is demonstrated in contrast to saturable absorption (SA) in multilayer MoS2 under the excitation of femtosecond laser pulses in the near‐infrared region. MoS2 in the forms of monolayer single crystal and multilayer triangular islands are grown on either quartz or SiO2/Si by employing the seeding method through chemical vapor deposition. The nonlinear transmission measurements reveal that monolayer MoS2 possesses a nonsaturation TPA coefficient as high as ∼(7.62 ±0.15) ×103 cm/GW, larger than that of conventional semiconductors by a factor of 103. As a result of TPA, two‐photon pumped frequency upconverted luminescence is observed directly in the monolayer MoS2. For the multilayer MoS2, the SA response is demonstrated with the ratio of the excited‐state absorption cross section to ground‐state cross section of ∼0.18. In addition, the laser damage threshold of the monolayer MoS2 is ∼97 GW/cm2, larger than that of the multilayer MoS2 of ∼78 GW/cm2.
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Uncovering the molecular pathogenesis of congenital hyperinsulinism by panel gene sequencing in 32 Chinese patients
Authors: Fan Zi‐chuan , Ni Jin‐wen , Yang Lin , Hu Li‐yuan , Ma Si‐min , Mei Mei , Sun Bi‐jun , Wang Hui‐jun , Zhou Wen‐hao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCongenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) has been mostly associated with mutations in seven major genes. We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 32 patients with CHI. Extensive mutational analysis (ABCC8, KCNJ11, GCK, GLUD1, HADH, HNF4A, and UCP2) was performed on Ion torrent platform, which could analyze hundreds of genes simultaneously with ultrahigh‐multiplex PCR using up to 6144 primer pairs in a single primer pool and address time‐sensitive samples with single‐day assays, from samples to annotated variants, to identify the genetic etiology of this disease. Thirty‐seven sequence changes were identified, including in ABCC8/KCNJ11 (n = 25, 65.7%), GCK (n = 2), HNF4A (n = 3), GLUD1 (n = 2), HADH (n = 4), and UCP2 (n = 1); these mutations included 14 disease‐causing mutations, eight rare SNPs, 14 common SNPs, and one novel mutation. Mutations were identified in 21 of 32 patients (65.6%). Among the patients with an identified mutation, 14 had mutations in ABCC8, one of which was combined with a GLUD1 mutation. Four patients had mutations in KCNJ11, 1 had a GCK mutation, 1 had a mutation in HADH, and two had a mutation in HNF4A. Among the 32 patients, the age at the onset of hyperinsulinemia ranged from the neonatal period to 1 year of age; five patients underwent a pancreatectomy due to intractable hyperinsulinemia. This study describes novel and previously identified mutations in patients with CHI. The spectrum of mutations in CHI patients represents an important tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of CHI patients in the Chinese population as well as for the genetic counseling of CHI families.
Random propene/4‐methyl‐1‐pentene copolymers synthesized with C2 symmetric highly isospecific metallocenes
Authors: Sacchi Maria Carmela , Losio Simona , Fantauzzi Luigi , Stagnaro Paola , Utzeri Roberto , Galimberti Maurizio 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPropene (P)/4‐methyl‐1‐pentene (Y) copolymers in a wide range of composition were prepared with isospecific single center catalysts, rac‐Et(IndH4)2ZrCl2 (EBTHI), rac‐Me2Si(2‐Me‐BenzInd)2ZrCl2 (MBI), and rac‐CH2(3‐tBuInd)2ZrCl2 (TBI). 13C NMR analysis of copolymers and statistical elaboration of microstructural data at triad level were performed. Unprecedented and surprising results are here reported. Random P/Y copolymers were prepared with the most isospecific catalyst, TBI, that is known to prepare ethene/propene and ethene/4‐methyl‐1‐pentene copolymers with long homosequences of both comonomers, whereas longer homosequences of both comonomers were observed in copolymers from the less enantioselective metallocenes EBTHI and MBI. These findings, which are against what is acknowledged in the field, can pave the way for the preparation on a large scale of random propene‐based copolymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2575–2585
Thermoresponsive polymersome from a double hydrophilic block copolymer
Authors: Pramanik Prithankar , Ghosh Suhrit 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe article describes synthesis and thermally triggered self‐assembly of a Poly (ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly (N‐insopropylacrylamide) (PEO‐b‐PNIPAm) in aqueous medium. At rt, the polymer remains as unimer, however, at lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAm (32 °C), it forms a rather large undefined aggregate which at slightly elevated temperature (∼40 °C) converges to well defined polymersome structure (Critical aggregation concentration = 0.45 mg/mL) with hydrodynamic diameter of 40–50 nm. By lowering the temperature, initial swelling of the compact vesicle followed by reversible disassembly to unimer was noticed. The polymersome exhibits encapsulation ability to a hydrophilic dye Calcein which can be spontaneously released by lowering the temperature below cloud point. Likewise a hydrophobic dye namely 8‐Anilino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) can also be encapsulated and released by thermal trigger. Detail photoluminescence studies reveal ANS dye can be used as a generalized probe molecule for detecting LCST of a thermoresponsive polymer by “fluorescence on” above LCST even by cursory observation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2444–2451
Linking structural features of protein complexes and biological function
Authors: Sowmya Gopichandran , Breen Edmond J. , Ranganathan Shoba 
Published: June 2015

AbstractProtein–protein interaction (PPI) establishes the central basis for complex cellular networks in a biological cell. Association of proteins with other proteins occurs at varying affinities, yet with a high degree of specificity. PPIs lead to diverse functionality such as catalysis, regulation, signaling, immunity, and inhibition, playing a crucial role in functional genomics. The molecular principle of such interactions is often elusive in nature. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of known protein complexes from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) is essential for the characterization of structural interface features to determine structure–function relationship. Thus, we analyzed a nonredundant dataset of 278 heterodimer protein complexes, categorized into major functional classes, for distinguishing features. Interestingly, our analysis has identified five key features (interface area, interface polar residue abundance, hydrogen bonds, solvation free energy gain from interface formation, and binding energy) that are discriminatory among the functional classes using Kruskal‐Wallis rank sum test. Significant correlations between these PPI interface features amongst functional categories are also documented. Salt bridges correlate with interface area in regulator‐inhibitors (r = 0.75). These representative features have implications for the prediction of potential function of novel protein complexes. The results provide molecular insights for better understanding of PPIs and their relation to biological functions.
Comparison of intrinsic dynamics of cytochrome p450 proteins using normal mode analysis
Authors: Dorner Mariah E. , McMunn Ryan D. , Bartholow Thomas G. , Calhoon Brecken E. , Conlon Michelle R. , Dulli Jessica M. , Fehling Samuel C. , Fisher Cody R. , Hodgson Shane W. , Keenan Shawn W. , Kruger Alyssa N. , Mabin Justin W. , Mazula Daniel L. , Monte Christopher A. , Olthafer Augustus , Sexton Ashley E. , Soderholm Beatrice R. , Strom Alexander M. , Hati Sanchita 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCytochrome P450 enzymes are hemeproteins that catalyze the monooxygenation of a wide‐range of structurally diverse substrates of endogenous and exogenous origin. These heme monooxygenases receive electrons from NADH/NADPH via electron transfer proteins. The cytochrome P450 enzymes, which constitute a diverse superfamily of more than 8,700 proteins, share a common tertiary fold but < 25% sequence identity. Based on their electron transfer protein partner, cytochrome P450 proteins are classified into six broad classes. Traditional methods of protein classification are based on the canonical paradigm that attributes proteins’ function to their three‐dimensional structure, which is determined by their primary structure that is the amino acid sequence. It is increasingly recognized that protein dynamics play an important role in molecular recognition and catalytic activity. As the mobility of a protein is an intrinsic property that is encrypted in its primary structure, we examined if different classes of cytochrome P450 enzymes display any unique patterns of intrinsic mobility. Normal mode analysis was performed to characterize the intrinsic dynamics of five classes of cytochrome P450 proteins. The present study revealed that cytochrome P450 enzymes share a strong dynamic similarity (root mean squared inner product > 55% and Bhattacharyya coefficient > 80%), despite the low sequence identity (< 25%) and sequence similarity (< 50%) across the cytochrome P450 superfamily. Noticeable differences in Cα atom fluctuations of structural elements responsible for substrate binding were noticed. These differences in residue fluctuations might be crucial for substrate selectivity in these enzymes.
Characterization of [123I]FP‐CIT binding to the dopamine transporter in the striatum of tree shrews by quantitative in vitro autoradiography
Authors: Geisler Stefanie , Beindorff Nicola , Cremer Markus , Hoffmann Kerstin , Brenner Winfried , Cumming Paul , Meyer Philipp T. , Langen Karl‐Josef , Fuchs Eberhard , Buchert Ralph 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesAim of this study was to quantify the binding of [123I]FP‐CIT in striatum of healthy tree shrews. [123I]FP‐CIT is widely used in clinical SPECT imaging to reveal nigrostriatal degeneration in aid of the diagnosis of clinically uncertain parkinsonian syndromes. Despite its wide clinical use, the saturation binding parameters of [123I]FP‐CIT for the dopamine transporter (DAT) have not yet been determined in any mammalian brain. Tree shrews are genetically and neuroanatomically more similar to humans than are rodents and might therefore be a valuable animal model for research of neurological disorders involving brain dopamine.Experimental DesignQuantitative in vitro autoradiography with [123I]FP‐CIT was performed with brains of healthy tree shrews and, for comparison, brains of healthy rats. Dopamine D2/3 receptor autoradiography with [3H]raclopride was also performed.Principal observationsSaturation analysis revealed high specificity of [123I]FP‐CIT for DAT in the striatum with considerably higher affinity in tree shrews than in rats (KD = 10.3 versus 36.4 nM). The density of DAT binding sites also was higher in tree shrews than in rats (Bmax = 2499 versus 1495 pmol/g wet weight (ww)). [3H]raclopride revealed D2/3 receptors in the tree shrew striatum with about the same density as in rats (Bmax = 78.4 versus 84.1 pmol/g ww), but with slightly lower affinity in tree shrews (KD = 1.27 versus 0.59 nM).ConlusionsThe higher affinity in combination with the higher abundance of DAT binding sites compared to rat striatum predicts substantially higher binding of [123I]FP‐CIT in SPECT studies of living tree shrews. Synapse 69:497–504, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.