bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms underlying natural deficient and ultraviolet‐induced accumulation of anthocyanin in the peel of ‘Jinxiu’ peach
Authors: Liang Ling , Zhu Jiazhen , Huang Dan , Ai Shaojie , Xue Lei , Yin Xueren , Lin‐Wang Kui , Allan Andrew , Chen Kunsong , Xu Changjie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeach varieties that differ in red coloration due to varied anthocyanin accumulation result from transcriptional regulation by PpMYB10s, a group of specific R2R3 MYBs. Here we investigated the mechanisms driving a lack of anthocyanin in yellow‐skinned ‘Jinxiu’ peach peel, as well as accumulation induced by UV irradiance. It was found that PpMYB10.1, PpMYB10.2 and PpMYB10.3 were positive regulators of anthocyanin accumulation, but the stimulation by PpMYB10.2 was weak. Low expression of PpMYB10.1 causes natural anthocyanin deficiency in ‘Jinxiu’ peel. However, the promoter sequences of PpMYB10.1 were identical in ‘Jinxiu’ and a naturally red‐coloured peach ‘Hujingmilu’. Therefore, potential negative regulator(s) upstream of PpMYB10.1 were explored. A novel R2R3‐MYB repressor termed PpMYB80 was identified through comparative transcriptomic analysis and then functionally confirmed via transiently overexpressing and silencing in peach fruit, as well as transformation in tobacco. PpMYB80 directly binds to the promoter of PpMYB10.1 and inhibits its expression, but does not affect PpMYB10.3. In UV‐exposed ‘Jinxiu’ fruit, expression of PpMYB10.3 was upregulated, while PpMYB10.1 remained low and PpMYB80 enhanced, which results in accumulation of anthocyanin in peel. This study revealed a transcriptional cascade involving PpMYB activators and repressors in regulating basal and UV‐induced anthocyanin accumulation in peach peel.
Corporations and the cost of living crisis: Corporate involvement in UK food charity
Authors: Lambie‐Mumford Hannah , Kennedy Kelli 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs a range of actors respond to poverty in the cost of living crisis, this paper addresses a long‐standing blind spot in social policy analysis by examining the role that corporations are playing in voluntary responses in the UK. To do this the paper introduces theories of corporate power to extend approaches to researching mixed economies of welfare, which have traditionally looked at the role of commercial entities principally in terms of their role alongside other actors in the welfare state. Building on existing food charity research, which has explored the dynamics and implications of corporate‐food charity relationships, this paper applies theories of corporate power to an analysis of the food charity related activities of the top 20 leading food retailers and casual dining brands in the UK. The analysis reveals how UK corporations exercised instrumental, structural and discursive forms of power to influence policy, set agendas and norms within food and charity systems and frame issues of food charity and hunger. The paper illustrates how a corporate power framework can add important layers to social policy analyses of mixed economies of welfare, by introducing a focus not just on operational aspects of corporate involvement, but also on the impact these corporations might be having on policy, how they are shaping the structure of welfare and the drivers of poverty through agenda setting in their markets, and the ways in which corporations influence public perceptions of social policy issues and how best to respond to them.
Peripheral and central pathogenesis of postherpetic neuralgia
Authors: Liu Qiuping , Han Jingxian , Zhang Xuezhu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a classic chronic condition with multiple signs of peripheral and central neuropathy. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of PHN is not well defined, limiting clinical treatment and disease management.ObjectiveTo describe the peripheral and central pathological axes of PHN, including peripheral nerve injury, inflammation induction, central nervous system sensitization, and brain functional and structural network activity.MethodsA bibliographic survey was carried out, selecting relevant articles that evaluated the characterization of the pathogenesis of PHN, including peripheral and central pathological axes.ResultsCurrently, due to the complexity of the pathophysiological mechanisms of PHN and the incomplete understanding of the exact mechanism of neuralgia.ConclusionIt is essential to conduct in‐depth research to clarify the origins of PHN pathogenesis and explore effective and comprehensive therapies for PHN.
Delayed transforaminal brain herniation in a cat following bromethalin intoxication
Authors: Matula Erica , Mastrocco Alicia , Prittie Jennifer , Donovan Taryn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo report a case of delayed death after initial successful treatment of severe bromethalin intoxication in a cat.Case SummaryA 2‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthair cat presented as a referral for bromethalin toxicosis and progressive neurological decline. At the time of referral, the cat was nonambulatory tetraparetic with minimal motor function in all 4 limbs and exhibited a dull mentation. Within the first 4 hours of hospitalization, the cat's neurological status continued to rapidly decline, and osmotherapy, corticosteroids, and intralipids were administered. The treatment regimen also included levetiracetam, thiamine, cholestyramine, vitamin E, and gingko biloba. Six days after bromethalin ingestion, the cat displayed marked neurological improvement with near normal mentation and mild tetraparesis and was discharged. The cat continued to do well at home with improving neurological status and function. Nine days after discharge, the cat was presented dead on arrival. Postmortem examination revealed transforaminal brain herniation secondary to spongy degeneration of the white matter and increased intracranial pressure as the cause of death.New Information ProvidedTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a cat that suffered delayed death despite initial neurological improvement after being treated for severe bromethalin toxicosis.
Dynamical Systems Characterization and Reduced Order Modeling of Thermoacoustics in a Lean Direct Injection Hydrogen Combustor
Authors: Kumar Ankit D. , Ezenwajiaku Chinonso , Balachandran Ramanarayanan , Ducci Andrea , Talibi Midhat , Massey James C. , Swaminathan Nedunchezhian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen is a promising zero-carbon fuel for decarbonized energy and transportation sectors. While carbon emission is not a concern for hydrogen combustion, its higher adiabatic flame temperature poses challenges of mitigating thermal NOx emissions. The wide flammability limits of hydrogen allow a fuel-lean operation, which can reduce NOx emissions. However, lean operation makes the combustion chamber susceptible to thermoacoustic oscillations. In this study, the thermoacoustic instabilities of partially premixed hydrogen flames in a lean direct injection (LDI) multicluster combustor are characterized using dynamical systems theory. The combustor was operated at a range of bulk velocities (30–90 m/s) and equivalence ratios (0.2–0.6), and time-resolved pressure oscillations and integrated OH* chemiluminescence measurements were taken. The thermoacoustic system reveals a variety of dynamical states in pressure such as period-1 limit cycle oscillation (LCO) with a single characteristic frequency, period-2 LCO with two characteristic frequencies, intermittent, quasi-periodic, and chaotic states as either bulk velocity or equivalence ratio is varied. At a bulk velocity of 30 m/s, as the equivalence ratio is gradually decreased from 0.6 to 0.2, the dynamical behavior follows a sequence from an intermittent state to a period-1 LCO, then to a quasi-periodic state, and eventually reaches a chaotic state. As the equivalence ratio is decreased for a bulk velocity of 60 m/s, the pressure oscillations evolve from a period-2 LCO to quasi-periodic state before flame blows off. The emergence of period-2 and quasi-periodic states indicate the presence of strong nonlinear interactions among the cavity acoustic modes. These modes and their spatial behavior are investigated using a reduced order model which solves the three-dimensional (3D) inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation with an n–tau flame model. The analyses show that the period-2 and quasi-periodic states can arise due to the interaction between the plenum and combustion chamber modes indicating that hydrogen flames may excite a wide range of cavity acoustic modes.
An Aero-Engine Disk Sizing and Weight Estimation Approach With Improved Temperature Profiles
Authors: Zaimis Ioannis , Carpentari Elias , Begiebing Tim , Gümmer Volker 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
During the predesign phase of an aero-engine, interdisciplinary parametric studies are crucial for identifying an optimum engine. As innovative engine concepts emerge, it is essential to study trends aiming to minimize climate impact and one of its key contributors, fuel burn. The comparatively heavy disks, subjected to high thermal and mechanical loads, are central to this analysis due to their high impact on the overall module mass. This paper proposes an approach to achieve a first lightweight mechanical design of disks in the predesign phase. Based on a performance and aerodynamic baseline, the design space and physical boundary conditions are set. First, an initial mass-optimized disk is derived using simplified temperature profiles and stress calculations under the mechanical design point conditions. Subsequently, all the module disks are considered, and an estimation for each bore temperature is achieved through a novel loop over the entire module and all available operating points (OPs). By evaluating the temperature and stress profiles across various operating conditions, the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) life of each disk can be studied. As part of a highly modular engine predesign framework, this method allows for zooming capabilities of single disk calculations by prescribing individual boundary conditions. The proposed approach already yields an initial assessment of the rotors within a short runtime, facilitating simple iterations with the succeeding design phases due to method and tool commonalities. While the primary focus of this work is on compressor design, the principles presented are adaptable and expandable to turbine disk applications as well.
A Dataset Generation Framework for Symmetry-Induced Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Abu-Mualla Mohammad , Huang Jida 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The surge in machine learning research and recent advancements in 3D printing technologies have significantly enriched materials science and engineering, particularly in the domain of mechanical metamaterials, which commonly consist of periodic truss materials. Despite the extensive exploration of their tailorable properties, truss-based metamaterial design has predominantly adhered to cubic and orthotropic unit cells, a limitation arising from the conventional design method, where the type of symmetry related to the designed truss-based material is determined after the design process is done. To overcome this issue, this work introduces a groundbreaking 3D truss material designing framework that departs from this constraint by employing six distinctive material symmetries (cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, orthotropic, trigonal, and monoclinic) within the design process. This innovative approach represents a versatile paradigm shift compared to previous design approaches. Furthermore, we are able to integrate anisotropy into the design framework, thus enhancing the property space exploration capability of the proposed design framework. Probing the property space of unit cells using our design framework demonstrates its capacity to achieve a diverse range of mechanical properties. The analysis of the generated samples shows that they can surpass the most extensive datasets available in the literature in regions where directional elastic properties are not linked by structural symmetry. The proposed method facilitates the generation of a truss dataset, which can be represented in a trainable format suitable for machine learning and data-driven approaches. This advancement paves the way for the development of robust inverse design tools for truss materials, marking a significant contribution to the mechanical metamaterial community.
A Global Feature Reused Network for Defect Detection in Steel Images
Authors: Yang Chengli , Wang Qingqing , Liu Zhanqiang , Cheng Yanhai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Accurate detection of surface defects for steel is essential to improve surface quality and service life. Deep learning (DL) used in steel surface defect detection can solve the problems of low efficiency and poor accuracy of traditional manual detection. The classic YOLOv5 as a DL method is used to accomplish defect detection tasks without attention mechanisms, resulting in a loss of global information. Besides, it is difficult to complete complex network detection tasks with low-configuration hardware, especially for surface defects with complex defect types and variable defect sizes. To solve these issues, this paper introduces an improved global feature reuse and hardware-aware YOLOv5 by using BoTNet, RepGhost, and EfficientRep model (BGE-YOLOv5). The multi-head self-attention layer is used to obtain global information and only part of the convolutional layers is replaced to avoid the excessive computational cost. The RepGhost model is introduced to extract the remaining feature information for feature reuse. EfficientRep is used to replace the original structure to achieve hardware-aware and to balance the detection veracity and efficiency. The distance IOU is replaced by SCYLLA-IOU to accelerate the iteration and improve stability. The results of the framework on the surface defect database (NEU-DET) show that BGE-YOLOv5 achieves a mean average precision of 79.5%, which is 10.3% greater than the baseline. The proposed BGE-YOLOv5 has a better performance in steel surface defect detection.
The Variable Stiffness Treadmill 2: Development and Validation of a Unique Tool to Investigate Locomotion on Compliant Terrains
Authors: Chambers Vaughn , Hobbs Bradley , Gaither William , Thé Zachary , Zhou Anthony , Karakasis Chrysostomos , Artemiadis Panagiotis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Understanding legged locomotion in various environments is valuable for many fields, including robotics, biomechanics, rehabilitation, and motor control. Specifically, investigating legged locomotion in compliant terrains has recently been gaining interest for the robust control of legged robots over natural environments. At the same time, the importance of ground compliance has also been highlighted in poststroke gait rehabilitation. Currently, there are not many ways to investigate walking surfaces of varying stiffness. This article introduces the variable stiffness treadmill (VST) 2, an improvement of the first version of the VST, which was the first treadmill able to vary belt stiffness. In contrast to the VST 1, the device presented in this paper (VST 2) can reduce the stiffness of both belts independently, by generating vertical deflection instead of angular, while increasing the walking surface area from 0.20m2 to 0.74m2. In addition, both treadmill belts are now driven independently, while high-spatial-resolution force sensors under each belt allow for measurement of ground reaction forces and center of pressure. Through validation experiments, the VST 2 displays high accuracy and precision. The VST 2 has a stiffness range of 13kN/m to 1.5MN/m, error of less than 1%, and standard deviations of less than 2.2kN/m, demonstrating its ability to simulate low-stiffness environments reliably. The VST 2 constitutes a drastic improvement of the VST platform, a one-of-its-kind system that can improve our understanding of human and robotic gait while creating new avenues of research on biped locomotion, athletic training, and rehabilitation of gait after injury or disease.
Genome sequences of human anelloviruses in the
Lamedtorquevirus
,
Memtorquevirus
, and
Samektorquevirus
genera identified from the female genital tract
Authors: Do Eric D. , Holland Steven C. , Kaelin Emily A. , Mitchell Caroline , Soria Jaime , La Rosa Alberto , Ticona Eduardo , Coombs Robert W. , Frenkel Lisa M. , Bull Marta E. , Lim Efrem S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

We identified and characterized seven anellovirus genome sequences in the female genital tract through virome metagenomic sequencing of cervicovaginal lavage specimens from women living with HIV in Peru. Phylogenetic and genomic analyses indicate that they belong to three newly proposed
Lamedtorquevirus
,
Memtorquevirus
, and
Samektorquevirus
genera in the
Anelloviridae
family.
Psychological well-being and needs of parents and carers of children and young people with mental health difficulties: a quantitative systematic review with meta-analyses
Authors: Martin Faith , Dahmash Dania , Wicker Sarah , Glover Sarah-Lou , Duncan Charlie , Anastassiou Andrea , Docherty Lucy , Halligan Sarah 
Published: August 2024

QuestionFor parents of children and young people (CYP) with diagnosed mental health difficulties, what are the levels of parents’ well-being and psychological need?Study selection and analysisMedline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane Library of Registered Trials were searched from inception to June 2023. Inclusion criteria: parents of CYP aged 5–18 years with formal mental health diagnosis. Data were extracted from validated measures of well-being or psychological needs with established cut-off points or from a controlled study.Findings32 of the 73 310 records screened were included. Pooled means showed clinical range scores for one measure of depression, and all included measures of anxiety, parenting stress and general stress. Meta-analyses showed greater depression (g=0.24, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.38) and parenting stress (g=0.34, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.49) in parents of CYP with mental health difficulties versus those without. Mothers reported greater depression (g=0.42, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.66) and anxiety (g=0.73, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.18) than fathers. Narrative synthesis found no clear patterns in relation to CYP condition. Rates of parents with clinically relevant levels of distress varied. Typically, anxiety, parenting stress and general stress scored above clinical threshold. Quality appraisal revealed few studies with a clearly defined control group, or attempts to control for important variables such as parent gender.ConclusionsThe somewhat mixed results suggest clinical anxiety, parenting and general stress may be common, with sometimes high depression. Assessment and support for parents of CYP with mental health problems is required. Further controlled studies, with consideration of pre-existing parental mental health difficulties are required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022344453.
Combination of a monofocal and one type of extended depth-of-focus (zonal refractive) intraocular lens (COMEDI) in bilateral cataract surgery protocol: a monocentric, randomised, parallel group trial in cataract surgery
Authors: Termote Karolien , Van Schoor Roger , Krolo Iva , Oellerich Silke , Cools Wilfried , Delbeke Heleen , Ni Dhubhghaill Sorcha 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionModern intraocular lens (IOL) designs for cataract treatment can be broadly classified into three focal range categories; monofocal, extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) and multifocal IOLs.Monofocal IOLs allow spectacle independence for one focus, typically distance. In contrast, EDOF IOLs provide a greater range of vision, extending spectacle independence to intermediate distance, while multifocal IOLs enable spectacle independence at all distances with the drawback of positive dysphotopsias and reduced contrast perception.EDOF lenses are an attractive compromise with fewer dysphotopic side effects than multifocals. The purpose of this study is to assess whether implanting an EDOF IOL in the second eye of a patient who received a monofocal IOL in the first eye can improve spectacle independence while maintaining the same optical quality as bilateral monofocal IOL implantation.Methods and analysisThis study compares combined monofocal and EDOF IOL implantation versus bilateral monofocal IOL implantation in terms of clinical and patient-reported outcomes in a monocentric, randomised, patient-masked and assessor-masked, parallel group trial in 88 bilateral cataract patients. The primary outcome measure is binocular photopic distance corrected intermediate visual acuity. The secondary outcome measures include (un)corrected distance and near visual acuity, reading speed at intermediate distance, quality of visual function assessments, patient-reported spectacle independence, contrast sensitivity, aberrometry, stereopsis and straylight measurement at the 3-month follow-up.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the ethical committee of the University Hospital of Brussels (BUN 23219_EDOF).Trial registration numberNCT06002399
Novel truncating germline variant reinforces
TINF2
as a susceptibility gene for familial non-medullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Oriola Josep , Díez Orland , Mora Mireia , Halperin Irene , Martínez Sandra , Masas Miriam , Tenes Anna , Bernal Anna , Duran Rafael , Orois Aida 
Published: August 2024

Background
It has long been observed that there are families in which non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) occurs, but few syndromes and genes have been described to date. Proteins in the shelterin complex have been implied in cancer. Here, we have studied shelterin genes in families affected by NMTC (FNMTC).

Methods

We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 10 affected individuals from four families with at least three affected members. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were performed to search for variants in the
TINF2
gene in 40 FNMTC families. TINF2 transcripts and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) were studied in several affected patients of one family.

Results

We found the c.507G>T variant in heterozygosis in the
TINF2
gene in one family, co-segregating in all five affected members. This variant affects the normal splicing. LOH was not observed.

Conclusions

Our results reinforce the
TINF2
gene as a susceptibility cause of FNMTC suggesting the importance of location of frameshift variants in
TINF2
. According to our data and previous literature,
TINF2
pathogenic variants appear to be a significant risk factor for the development of NMTC and/or melanoma.