bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reality Effect: On Adam Timmins’ Towards a Realist Philosophy of History
Authors: Gangl Georg 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In Towards a Realist Philosophy of History, Adam Timmins sets out to develop a non-naïve form of realism that can account for the majority of the practices and products of historiography. In particular, he claims that we should be realists about facts, colligations, and narrative. While being sympathetic to some form of realism about all of these, this review essay critically discusses both Timmins’ actual arguments for historiographic realism and the approach that should be taken to the philosophical issue itself. The wider argument is that realism in historiography is a question of justification and that we therefore must turn to the empirical analysis of actual historiographic texts and debates to make any real headway on this issue.
Maize grains treatments for total aflatoxin reduction for use as human food and livestock feed
Authors: Tenge B.N. , Muiru W.M. , Kimenju W.J. , Kimaru L.S. , Schwake-Anduschus C. , Amata L.R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Maize is prone to aflatoxin contamination prevailing in the high-risk regions in Kenya, where maize is rendered unfit for uses as food and feed. The objective of the study was to identify strategies that can be used to decontaminate aflatoxin in contaminated maize. Therefore, an experiment was conducted using maize from Kilifi contaminated with aflatoxin soaked in different solutions, done as single and combined treatments. Maize grains were used in portions of 250 g for the mitigation experiments and placed in conical flasks of 1 litre capacity and treatment application done. All the treatments were compared to the control with no treatment applied and set to 100%. The results revealed that, aflatoxin was reduced by 78.9% by soaking maize kernels in distilled water for 24 h under a single treatment. Soaking in aqueous ammonia for 24 h reduced aflatoxin by 68.1%. Soaking grains in sodium bisulphite for 24 h reduced by 59.3% and citric acid by 38.8%. The combination of sorting and aqueous ammonia was most effective with 90.8% aflatoxin reduction. The combination of sorting and sodium bisulphite lowered the levels to 72.9%, while citric acid and dehulling were 55.3% effective. Aflatoxin reduction methods to levels that are within the allowable limits of 10 μg/kg and 20 μg/kg will enable grains to be used as human food and livestock feed, respectively. Therefore, effective methods should be adopted by farmers to put maize to good use for human food and livestock feed instead of throwing away or using it with the high levels of aflatoxin.
Douwa/Douwen/Douwens
Authors: Hoekstra Jarich 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the Old West Frisian charters, weak personal names quite often feature the ending -en in both dative and accusative contexts. In this article, it is shown that the data do not indicate that this foreign (Middle Low German or Middle Dutch) case ending is intruding upon the original weak case ending -a in Late Old West Frisian. Therefore, the initial hypothesis is that -en might function as a kind of differential object marker, just like the ending -en with personal names in modern Mainland North Frisian. Since -en is limited to the formal, written language of the charters, however, one is drawn to the conclusion that the ending indeed serves the purpose of object marking, but purely as a notorial convention.
NGOization and Politicization of Aid
Authors: Facon-Salelles Clothilde 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on the political economy of aid to determine its impact on Lebanon’s politics of sectarianism. I approach NGOization as a political process that normalizes a situation where citizens are accustomed to functioning without the state, and as an economic process creating a parallel economy. Both trends have expanded with the current crisis. I posit that politics of sectarianism feeds on NGOization: they allow sectarian elites to outsource aid, manage discontent and depoliticize ngo s and cso s, while silencing potential challenges to their order. Thus, organizations aiming to transform the political system lack visibility and leverage, while their space of operation has been shrinking. I also explore the role of international aid on the continuity and durability of the Lebanese state and its neo-patrimonial and clientelist governance mode. NGOization is further reinforced by the fact that national ngo s have been co-opted by foreign donors, which has the effect of depoliticizing their discourse and action.
War Tax Law (Tekalif-i Harbiye): An Instrument of Dispossession and Capital Accumulation in the Ottoman Empire during the Great War
Authors: Akyol Ayla Ezgi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As a total war, World War I constituted a significant historical moment which proved that warfare not only serves to build nations and national identities, but can also create suitable socioeconomic and political conditions that foster the process of capital accumulation. The Ottoman state, like all the belligerents, on the one hand mobilized human power, means of production and subsistence and natural resources on a large scale for fighting and financing the war; on the other hand, it established a war economy based on violence and protectionism that directly favored war profiteers. The present article centers on the implementation of the War Tax Law, adopted on the eve of the war, which paved the way for state policies of dispossession, confiscation, and requisition. It argues that these practices aimed at the redistribution of capital to give birth to a new generation of Turkish-Muslim capitalists.
Sentential complements and predicates in Northern Somali
Authors: Banti Giorgio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the introductory part of this contribution, some of the general parameters that have been used in the literature for describing systems of sentential complementation are briefly surveyed. The major types of Northern Somali sentential complements are described in the following sections. Firstly, clauses introduced by the complementizer in, together with its possible etymology. These are followed by infinitival complements and quotative complements, which are used in a wide array of constructions. Complements headed by verbal nouns or masdars are also discussed, as well as indirect questions, which the author argues should be kept as a syntactic object also in this language. Finally, sentential predicates are introduced, i.e., sentential complements functioning as non-verbal predicates in copular constructions and in their verbless counterparts.
A Preliminary Handlist of Manuscripts from the Library of al-Ashraf Qāytbāy
Authors: D’hulster Kristof 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article provides a preliminary handlist of manuscripts that were once owned by the late-Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Qāytbāy (r. 1468–1496). For well over a hundred items currently scattered across the globe, it details the location, author, title, copyist and page length, as well as the link to Qāytbāy. Introducing the list are some precursory observations regarding the languages represented therein, the identity of the copyists involved, the potential role of waqf in the manuscripts’ post-1517 trajectory, and some later forgeries. In the absence of a contemporaneous catalogue, it will allow scholars to form a more balanced picture of Qāytbāy and of late-Mamluk book and cultural history in general, and will help them overcome some detrimental institutionalized divisions.
Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland: the European Court of Human Rights’ Answer to Climate Change
Authors: Hösli Andreas , Rehmann Meret 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland, the European Court of Human Rights issued its first climate-change-related decision. In a near-unanimous decision, the Grand Chamber of the Court found that Switzerland had breached its obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights. It held that the Alpine state must review and amend its climate change policies accordingly. In this case note, we highlight the key points of the judgment and comment briefly on certain points.
Mouthing Constructions in 37 Signed Languages
Authors: Bisnath Felicia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The descriptive contribution of this paper is a typology of mouthing constructions in 37 signed languages and an analysis of the ideologies and resources that affect their documentation. The languages are divided into two categories labelled deaf (n=26) and rural (n=11), that are defined based on socio-historical/-cultural properties, but which have been problematised for their conflation of multiple linguistic ecologies (Kusters, 2009: 200; Nyst, 2012; Reed, 2019; Safar, 2020). The analysis is used to argue that phenomena like mouthing are marginalised in documentation, as opposed to marginal, and that the deaf-rural divide tracks differences that are more related to issues of documentation than contexts of language use and emergence. The Semiotic Repertoires approach (Kusters et al., 2017) is used to motivate the unit of analysis, the mouthing construction, and Uniformitarianism in Creole linguistics (Mufwene, 2000; DeGraff, 2005) is used as a lens onto signed language typology.
Universal Ideational Warfare: Preemptive Ideocide in the Global South
Authors: Elie Serge D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The world is entering a post-universal historical conjuncture marked by a “great divergence” triggered by a paroxysm of crises exacerbated by the Western world’s reluctance to accept its diminishing global role. In a panic response, the West is consolidating itself into a Euro-American Confederal Empire, engaging in a form of universal ideational warfare against emerging civilization-states in an effort to maintain its civilizational hegemony. This has resulted in an ideological engineering contest within the global public sphere pursued through the practice of “preemptive ideocide,” which seeks to perpetuate a missionary universalism that imposes Western political-cultural norms upon the world’s divergent cultural and self-governing modes of existence. This ideational warfare is situated within an emergent Cold War Two. The protagonists of this ideational warfare represent a service class of ideocrats devoted to the preservation of Western global primacy. The article highlights the key themes addressed by members of this service class who act as an elite posse of a global thought police. In conclusion, the article argues that humanity is irreversibly divided into non-convergent but non-conflictual cultural identities and proposes the adoption in the Global South of a cultural polygenesis covenant as an exit strategy from the prevailing dependency on missionary universalism’s ideational framework.
Sound change versus lexical change for subgrouping
Authors: Pacchiarotti Sara , Kouarata Guy , Bostoen Koen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on languages of the Kwilu-Ngounie subbranch within a branch of the Bantu language family known as West-Coastal Bantu. Within Kwilu-Ngounie, B70 and B80 languages emerge as paraphyletic in the most comprehensive lexicon-based phylogeny of the branch. We assess whether the impossibility to group them into lexicon-based monophyletic subgroups can be bypassed by using the phonological innovation of word-final loss of Proto-Bantu *ŋg as diagnostic of a new subgroup. It is hard to tell whether this new subgroup is a clade by descent or instead a taxon resulting from a contact-induced innovation affecting related varieties. The unconditioned reflexes of *ŋg across varieties signal that both language-internal lexical diffusion and contact-induced crosslinguistic spread of phonological innovation thwart the Neogrammarian axiom of flawlessly regular sound change. Beyond its relevance for low-level Bantu subgrouping, this article contributes to the methodological issue of conflicting lexical and diachronic phonological evidence for internal classification.
Maritime Search and Rescue in the Nationality and Borders Act 2022: An Act of Deterrence?
Authors: Velasco Ainhoa Campàs 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article examines the criminalization of humanitarian search and rescue at sea in the United Kingdom under the Nationality and Borders Act 2022 through the widening of the facilitation offence under Section 41, primarily by the removal of the words “for gain.” In this endeavor, it evaluates the compatibility of the NBA with the maritime search and rescue international legal framework, with particular attention to the protection of rescuers and the integrity of the maritime search and rescue system. The NBA introduces a punitive approach towards maritime search and rescue efforts not undertaken on behalf of or coordinated by His Majesty’s Coastguard or an overseas maritime search and rescue authority exercising equivalent functions. Despite the statutory exclusions and defences suggesting some protection to rescuers, the NBA amounts to an act of deterrence for rescuers to act outside the supervision of the designated authorities. Further, the statutory threat to prosecute rescuers at sea ultimately serves the unspoken purpose of tightening the detection and control of unauthorized arrivals. The analysis proposed signals the UK’s shortfalls in the compliance with its international commitments, primarily in the maritime search and rescue realm, in its pursuit to prioritize deterrence policies.
Recent Developments in the European Union’s Involvement in Mediterranean Fisheries Management
Authors: Oanta Gabriela A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article examines the attention that the European Union (EU) currently pays to fisheries management in the Mediterranean Sea. The Union’s action in this marine area is complex. On the one hand, the EU is present through its Common Fisheries Policy, as the coast of eight Member States border the Mediterranean Sea. On the other hand, the EU cooperates with the other Mediterranean countries through its European Neighbourhood Policy as well as with two regional fisheries management organisations with a mandate over Mediterranean living marine resources, namely, the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean, and the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas.
Sustainable Development as a Wicked Problem in Investment Arbitration
Authors: Polonskaya Ksenia , Marcoux Jean-Michel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
References to ‘sustainable development’ and ‘sustainability’ can be found in decisions of investment arbitration tribunals and submissions from disputing parties. By relying on the concept of ‘wicked problem’, this article highlights the failure to articulate any clear relevance of sustainable development in the adjudication of investment disputes and structural limitations imposed by investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS). It proceeds in four steps. First, the article defines wicked problems and their distinguishing properties. Second, it shows how tribunals have used sustainable development in a way that evidences these distinguishing properties. Third, in light of submissions from respondent States and claimants, the article shows that ISDS imposes structural limitations on narratives that relate to sustainability and sustainable development. Finally, it examines the discussions on sustainability under the umbrella of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Working Group III and stresses the need for a political resolution outside ISDS proceedings.
Pliny and the Silence of the Spheres
Authors: Varoli Matteo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article deals with two passages from the second book of Pliny the Elder’s Natural History, devoted to the topic of cosmic music. Pliny seems to reject a theory that was widely accepted in most contemporary sources as a commonplace. A close survey of these passages sheds some light on the reasons for Pliny’s scepticism: he looks well informed about the philosophical debate about the problems of acoustics that the theory raised as early as the time of Archytas, and his objections against the theory seem to refer to the early Pythagorean arguments reported by Aristotle in the treatise On the Heavens. Pliny’s position on cosmic harmony is also relevant for the understanding of his own cosmology and of his perspective on human knowledge, leading to a reconsideration of the role of sensory experience in his ‘scientific’ work.
The Painting in Front of Itself: Frank Stella’s Atypical ‘Projective’ Spaces through Canvas, Paint and Colour
Authors: De Corte Hannah , De Winter Stefanie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Frank Stella’s early works tend to be characterised as displaying the flatness of painted surfaces and an ambition to negate pictorial illusionism. However, beyond their emphasis on flatness, these early series of paintings generate new forms of illusions and, in some cases, initiate another type of pictorial space — one that bodies forth, coming toward the viewer, appearing as if in front of the canvas. We consider the materials of the painting format in Stella’s early work (1959 to 1986) that create or facilitate the emergence of such a protruding or ‘projective’ space: mainly canvas, types and colours of paint. After introducing notions of flatness and illusionism and our respective approaches, we focus on Stella’s use of unprimed, raw, canvas, on the one hand, and his use of reflective and fluorescent paint skins, on the other, and how paint and canvas relate to each other. We focus on the material conditions that Stella sets up to manifest his intentions regarding the perception of space in painting and where he believes painting ‘should’ go. Indeed, in a book published in 1986, Stella describes projective effects from painters who use different tactics than his, but he does not reveal how he achieves his own. We analyse precisely which elements in Stella’s early paintings trick the eye of the viewer into seeing a painting, as it were, in front of itself, and we demonstrate the aesthetic impact of Stella’s chosen materials. Or how colour, paint and canvas, working together in a sort of symbiosis, generate a protruding effect in a new, previously unseen manner, and challenge Stella’s assertions against illusionism.
Effect of girdling on phloem and xylem formation in a range of gymnosperms and angiosperms
Authors: Serkova Aleksandra A. , Tarelkina Tatiana V. , Ivanova Diana S. , Semenova Ludmila I. , Novitskaya Ludmila L. 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Girdling is often used as an experimental method to study source/sink controls of cambial growth. However, the phloem responses to girdling have not been well investigated. The aim of this research was to characterize the anatomical changes in the phloem and xylem of different species following trunk girdling. Different species of gymnosperm (Abies sibirica, Pinus sylvestris) and angiosperm (Alnus incana, Populus tremula) woody plants were selected. We girdled trunks during active growth and sampled tissues at two levels (1 cm and 35 cm) above the girdle at the end of the growing season. General responses to girdling were recorded for the studied species, such as increased phloem increments, parenchymatization of conducting tissues, reduction in the size of conducting elements, and an increase in the size of axial parenchyma cells in the phloem and xylem. We observed the suppression of xylogenesis in 3 out of 4 species. Differences in the structure of conducting tissues were found, which are due to species differences in the initial tissue structure. In gymnosperms, noticeable differences in the number of resin ducts in the xylem were observed between control and girdled trees. In angiosperms, we found the formation of cells with thickened cell walls in girdled trees (i.e., the formation of phloem and xylem fibers with thickened cell walls in aspen and sclereids in the phloem of alder). Based on the literature data, the observed responses may be due to both the wounding effect and the influence of the high sugar content above the girdle.
Sanctuary and Its People: Reform and Resistance in the Fight for Asylum
Authors: Villarreal Alexandra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article explores the North American Sanctuary Movement of the 1980s, a transnational network of churches and volunteers who used civil disobedience to spotlight the United States’ harmful policies in Central America, provide a non-statist form of protection for forcibly displaced Salvadorans and Guatemalans, and challenge the unequal provision of the US’s recently enacted asylum laws. Some of the research questions are deceptively simple: why did the Sanctuary Movement (or movements) exist? And, who were its leaders? Others are more utilitarian: what does the movement imply about the history of asylum in the US, and particularly the efficacy and equity of the protections set forth in the 1980 Refugee Act? Through these varied but related inquiries, this article suggests the 1980s Sanctuary Movement existed in the US because equitable asylum laws did not. The analysis concludes by underscoring sanctuary’s continued resonances today.
Zootechnical performance, feed efficiency and larval composition of Zophobas morio (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) fed with poultry litter-based diets
Authors: Gomes da Costa Lima V.M. , Gomes de Souza R. , Rodrigues de Oliveira T. , da Costa Feitosa A. , Mayard H. , Andrade dos Santos R. , Bezerra Pinheiro Lima S. , Rocha Barros Dourado L. , Pavan B.E. , Barboza Silva L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The yellow mealworm, super worm, and house cricket are among the most widely produced insects, with high feed conversion efficiency. However, their nutritional composition and development rate generally vary with environmental conditions. From an economic point of view, rearing conditions such as diet, temperature, and development time; insect performance such as mortality and nutritional value are the most important factors. In order to assess the development, growth, feed conversion efficiency, and chemical composition of Zophobas morio (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae fed with diets containing poultry litter, an experiment was conducted. Five diets with varying levels of poultry litter inclusion (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) were used to replace the control diet (broiler feed), with five replicates containing 25 larvae per sample unit. Larval growth and development were assessed, and the chemical compositions of both the diet and Z. morio larvae were determined. Significant differences were observed among treatments for development time, survival rate, pupa weight, adult weight of Z. morio subjected to different poultry litter-based diets, as well as in the nutritional index bioassay. The longest development time and the highest larval mortality were observed in the 100% poultry litter-based diets. The highest percentage of crude protein in larval meal (%CP) was obtained with the addition of 25 and 50% poultry litter and was lowest with 100%. The incorporation of poultry litter into the diet of Z. morio has a multifaceted impact on growth and feed conversion efficiency. Elevated levels of poultry litter inclusion led to an extension in development time, yet food conversion efficiency attains optimization with an inclusion rate of up to 50%. Consequently, the decision regarding the proportion of poultry litter in the diet should be carefully weighed, taking into account breeding objectives, efficiency considerations, and cost factors. This ensures the attainment of an optimal balance between larval growth and nutritional efficiency.