bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Transgenic Mouse Model of OI Type V Supports a Neomorphic Mechanism of the IFITM5 Mutation
Authors: Lietman Caressa D , Marom Ronit , Munivez Elda , Bertin Terry K , Jiang Ming-Ming , Chen Yuqing , Dawson Brian , Weis Mary Ann , Eyre David , Lee Brendan 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type V is characterized by increased bone fragility, long bone deformities, hyperplastic callus formation, and calcification of interosseous membranes. It is caused by a recurrent mutation in the 5' UTR of the IFITM5 gene (c.-14C &gt; T). This mutation introduces an alternative start codon, adding 5 amino acid residues to the N-terminus of the protein. The mechanism whereby this novel IFITM5 protein causes OI type V is yet to be defined. To address this, we created transgenic mice expressing either the wild-type or the OI type V mutant IFITM5 under the control of an osteoblast-specific Col1a1 2.3-kb promoter. These mutant IFITM5 transgenic mice exhibited perinatal lethality, whereas wild-type IFITM5 transgenic mice showed normal growth and development. Skeletal preparations and radiographs performed on E15.5 and E18.5 OI type V transgenic embryos revealed delayed/abnormal mineralization and skeletal defects, including abnormal rib cage formation, long bone deformities, and fractures. Primary osteoblast cultures, derived from mutant mice calvaria at E18.5, showed decreased mineralization by Alizarin red staining, and RNA isolated from calvaria showed reduced expression of osteoblast differentiation markers such as Osteocalcin, compared with nontransgenic littermates and wild-type mice calvaria, consistent with the in vivo phenotype. Importantly, overexpression of wild-type Ifitm5 did not manifest a significant bone phenotype. Collectively, our results suggest that expression of mutant IFITM5 causes abnormal skeletal development, low bone mass, and abnormal osteoblast differentiation. Given that neither overexpression of the wild-type Ifitm5, as shown in our model, nor knock-out of Ifitm5, as previously published, showed significant bone abnormalities, we conclude that the IFITM5 mutation in OI type V acts in a neomorphic fashion. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Correlation between mechanical stress by finite element analysis and 18F‐fluoride PET uptake in hip osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Hirata Yasuhide , Inaba Yutaka , Kobayashi Naomi , Ike Hiroyuki , Yukizawa Yohei , Fujimaki Hiroshi , Tezuka Taro , Tateishi Ukihide , Inoue Tomio , Saito Tomoyuki 
Published: September 2014

Abstract18F‐fluoride positron emission tomography (18F‐fluoride PET) is a functional imaging modality used primarily to detect increased bone metabolism. Increased 18F‐fluoride PET uptake suggests an association between increased bone metabolism and load stress at the subchondral level. This study therefore examined the relationship between equivalent stress distribution calculated by finite element analysis and 18F‐fluoride PET uptake in patients with hip osteoarthritis. The study examined 34 hips of 17 patients who presented to our clinic with hip pain, and were diagnosed with osteoarthritis or pre‐osteoarthritis. The hips with trauma, infection, or bone metastasis of cancer were excluded. Three‐dimensional models of each hip were created from computed tomography data to calculate the maximum equivalent stress by finite element analysis, which was compared with the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) examined by 18F‐fluoride PET. The SUVmax and equivalent stress were correlated (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.752), and higher equivalent stress values were noted in higher SUVmax patients. The correlation between SUVmax and maximum equivalent stress in osteoarthritic hips suggests the possibility that 18F‐fluoride PET detect increased bone metabolism at sites of stress concentration. This study demonstrates the correlation between mechanical stress and bone remodeling acceleration in hip osteoarthritis. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:78–83, 2015.
Rutin upregulates neurotrophic factors resulting in attenuation of ethanol‐induced oxidative stress in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells
Authors: Song Kibbeum , Na Ji‐Young , Kim Sokho , Kwon Jungkee 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlcoholism, which refers to the excessive consumption of alcohol, has deleterious effects on personal and social health worldwide. Oxidative stress evoked by ethanol plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Rutin is a bioflavonoid that has been demonstrated to scavenge superoxide radicals. However, the effects of rutin on neuronal toxicity following ethanol‐induced oxidative stress have not previously been investigated. Thus we investigated the antioxidant effect of rutin in hippocampal neuronal cells (HT22 cells) exposed to ethanol.RESULTSWe found that rutin pretreatment prevented the ethanol‐induced decrease in protein level expression of nerve growth factor, glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in HT22 cells. Cell viability as analyzed by the MTT method revealed a significant increase in cell viability in the rutin‐treated group compared with the ethanol‐only treated group. Antioxidant effect of rutin was confirmed to be due to reduction of intracellular reactive oxidative species production in ethanol‐treated HT22 cells. Moreover, rutin significantly increased the level of the antioxidant glutathione, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that rutin has potential as a therapeutic agent to treat alcohol‐related neurodegenerative disorders. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetic and Mechanistic Aspects of Reactivity of the Oxidation of Some Fe(II)–Tris Schiff Base Complexes by Peroxydisulfate: Spectrophotometric Tracer and Solvent Effect on the Reactivity
Authors: Ebaid Nassr Lobna Abdel‐Mohsen , Shaker Ali Momamad 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of the oxidation of some Fe(II)–Tris Schiff base complexes by peroxydisulfate was studied spectrophotometrically in the aqueous medium and in the organic–aqua binary mixture. The inspected complexes were derived from the condensation of 2‐acetylpyridine and substituted benzylamines. The oxidation reaction of the studied complexes was followed at 303 K under pseudo–first‐order conditions. It was found that the oxidation reaction by S2O82− consists of two steps. The first step is the formation of an ion pair from the reactants, and the second step is an electron transfer from the metal center to the peroxydisulfate oxidant, with an associated peroxo bond fissure. A mechanism, based on the experimental results, was proposed, and the rate law was derived. The effect of organic solvent on the reaction rate was studied in the presence of different ratios (v/v) of methanol–water and acetone–water mixtures. Moreover, the changes in the activation barrier from water to water–methanol and water–acetone mixtures were estimated from the kinetic data. The transfer chemical potentials of the initial and transition states from water into mixed solvents were determined from solubility measurements. Solvent effects on the reaction rate were discussed in terms of initial state versus transition state solvation.
Poly(isobutylene) Nanoparticles via Cationic Polymerization in Nonaqueous Emulsions
Authors: Schuster Thomas , Golling Florian E. , Krumpfer Joseph W. , Wagner Manfred , Graf Robert , Alsaygh Abdulhamid A. , Klapper Markus , Müllen Klaus 
Published: September 2014

The preparation of poly(isobutylene) (PIB) nanoparticles via cationic emulsion polymerization is presented. As a requirement, an oil‐in‐perfluoroalkane nonaqueous emulsion is developed, which is inert under the carbocationic polymerization conditions. To stabilize the dichloromethane/hexane droplets in the fluorinated, continuous phase, an amphiphilic block copolymer emulsifier is prepared containing PIB and 1H,1H‐perfluoroalkylated poly(pentafluorostyrene) blocks. This system allows for the polymerization of isobutylene with number‐average molecular weights () up to 27 000 g mol−1. The particle morphologies are characterized via dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. For > 20 000 g mol−1, the particles exhibit shape‐persistence at room temperature and are ≈100 nm in diameter.
image
HIV and the spectrum of human disease
Authors: Lucas Sebastian , Nelson Ann Marie 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes systemic T cell destruction and reduced cell‐mediated immunity that leads to a wide range of opportunistic infections and cancers. Second, it directly damages many tissues – gut, brain, lung – through mononuclear cell infection and activation. Third, through immune activation and effects on endothelia, it can cause more subtle systemic organ damage, such as chronic cardiovascular, hepatic, pulmonary and central nervous system disease. Antiretroviral treatment has enabled HIV‐infected persons to live with chronic infection, although with some side‐effects and mortality, including reactions due to the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). As cohorts of infected people get older, age‐related diseases will combine with chronic HIV infection to produce disabilities whose scale is not yet understood. HIV is detectable in tissues by immunohistochemistry when infection loads are high, such as at first presentation. Pathologists should proactively consider HIV disease in routine diagnostic work, so as to identify more HIV‐infected patients and enable their optimal management. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A closed‐form expression for the total degradation in OFDM systems
Authors: Rosati Stefano , Candreva Enzo Alberto , Vanelli‐Coralli Alessandro , Corazza Giovanni E. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn this paper, building upon Bussgang's theorem, we present a new expression for the total degradation (TD) in OFDM systems. This novel expression is applicable to any high power amplifier (HPA) model. In case of ideal clipping HPA model and for particular realizations of Rapp and Saleh HPA models, it and can be expressed in closed form. It enables a significant speed‐up in computing TD, because it avoids end‐to‐end system simulations. As a consequence, it simplifies the evaluation of TD as a function of the back‐off, yielding a more accurate evaluation of the optimum HPA back‐off (i.e., the back‐off value that minimizes TD). Numerical results show a perfect agreement between the proposed analytical framework and the Monte Carlo simulation results.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low rate of prenatal diagnosis among neonates with critical aortic stenosis: insight into the natural history in utero
Authors: Freud L. R. , Moon‐Grady A. , Escobar‐Diaz M. C. , Gotteiner N. L. , Young L. T. , McElhinney D. B. , Tworetzky W. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo better understand the natural history and spectrum of fetal aortic stenosis (AS), we aimed to (1) determine the prenatal diagnosis rate of neonates with critical AS and a biventricular (BV) outcome, and (2) describe the findings at fetal echocardiography in patients diagnosed prenatally.MethodsA multicenter, retrospective study was performed on neonates who presented with critical AS and who were discharged with a BV outcome from 2000 to 2013. The prenatal diagnosis rate was compared with that reported for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). We reviewed fetal echocardiographic findings in patients who were diagnosed prenatally.ResultsIn only 10 (8.5%) of 117 neonates with critical AS and a BV outcome was the diagnosis made prenatally, a rate significantly lower than that for HLHS in the contemporary era (82%; P < 0.0001). Of the 10 patients diagnosed prenatally, all had developed left ventricular dysfunction by a median gestational age of 33 (range, 28–35) weeks. When present, Doppler abnormalities such as retrograde flow in the aortic arch (n = 2), monophasic mitral inflow (n = 3) and left‐to‐right flow across the foramen ovale (n = 8) developed late in gestation (median 33 weeks).ConclusionThe prenatal diagnosis rate of critical AS and a BV outcome among neonates is very low, probably owing to a relatively normal four‐chamber view in mid‐gestation with development of significant obstruction in the third trimester. The natural history contrasts with that of severe mid‐gestation AS with evolving HLHS and suggests that the gestational timing of development of significant AS has an important impact on subsequent left‐heart growth in utero. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Thoracoscopic Removal of Hypertrophic Mediastinal Parathyroid Glands in Recurrent Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Lu Hung‐I , Chou Fong‐Fu , Chi Shun‐Yu , Huang Shun‐Chen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic mediastinal parathyroid glands (HMPGs) play a role in recurrent secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Thoracoscopic retrieval of HMPGs has been proposed.MethodsTwelve patients with recurrent SHPT owing to HMPGs were enrolled. We divided the locations of HMPGs below the innominate vein and right to the ascending aorta as Zone I, those below the innominate vein and left to the ascending aorta as Zone II, and those between the aortic arch and pulmonary artery as Zone III. Sestamibi scans combined with computed tomography (CT) scans were arranged to identify the location of HMPGs. Three trocars of the right or left thoracoscopic approach were applied for Zone I or Zone II; four trocars of the left thoracoscopic approach were applied for Zone III.ResultsSestamibi and CT scans could positively find the 15 parathyroid glands of the 12 patients. Thirteen HMPGs were retrieved successfully with a thoracoscopic approach. The mean operation time was 155 min (range 80–292) and the mean hospital stay was 5.9 days (4–8). After a mean follow‐up of 29.6 months (3–61), calcium and intact parathyroid hormone levels returned to normal ranges in all patients except for one who preferred two‐stage surgery. Neither perioperative mortality, nor major complications occurred.ConclusionsHMPGs in recurrent SHPT may be multiple. Sestamibi scans combined with CT scans can guide optimal approaches. The thoracoscopic approach provides a safe and feasible technique in retrieving HMPGs in Zones I or II using 3 trocars. For HMPGs in Zone III, they should be handled with care using 4 trocars.
A quantitative PCR protocol for detecting specific Haemoproteus lineages: molecular characterization of blood parasites in a Sedge Warbler population from southern Poland
Authors: Biedrzycka Aleksandra , Migalska Magdalena , Bielański Wojciech 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn evolutionary studies, blood parasites in avian populations are commonly used as a model of host–parasite interactions. The effect of mixed infections on avian hosts has recently drawn more interest, but the effects of infection with multiple blood parasites and specific parasite lineages are poorly known. A protocol for reliable detection and quantification of lineages is essential to this type of research. Here, we present a newly developed quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay using SYBR Green I to assess the infection intensity of SW1 and SW3 Haemoproteus belopolskyi lineages in a Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) population from southern Poland. These Haemoproteus lineages are not specific to the Sedge Warbler, so the proposed protocol should prove useful for many avian malaria studies. The assay is based on nucleotide primers designed to amplify a fragment of the cytochrome b gene, allowing the two avian malaria lineages to be differentiated. Using this assay, specific host–parasite interactions can be identified and the impact of mixed infections on a host population can be assessed. Most of the parasitized birds in our study were in a low-intensity, chronic phase of infection. In those with mixed SW1/SW3 infections, we detected significantly higher parasitemia caused by the SW3 lineage, whose prevalence was underestimated by the commonly used method, nested PCR. The prevalence of avian malaria parasites in the studied population as estimated by nested PCR was 61 % and did not differ between years, though the prevalence of the SW1 lineage showed significant annual variation. Altogether, two Haemoproteus and five Plasmodium lineages were detected. The two Haemoproteus lineages (SW1, SW3) were most prevalent in the population and comprised 93 % of all infections. We detected significantly higher haemoparasite prevalence and intensity in males, which were sampled immediately after arrival from wintering grounds, suggesting decreased immunoprotection as a result of adaptive resource allocation during migration.
Detailed assessment of gene activation levels by multiple hypoxia-responsive elements under various hypoxic conditions
Authors: Takeuchi Yasuto , Inubushi Masayuki , Jin Yong-Nan , Murai Chika , Tsuji Atsushi B. , Hata Hironobu , Kitagawa Yoshimasa , Saga Tsuneo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Objective
HIF-1/HRE pathway is a promising target for the imaging and the treatment of intractable malignancy (HIF-1; hypoxia-inducible factor 1, HRE; hypoxia-responsive element). The purposes of our study are: (1) to assess the gene activation levels resulting from various numbers of HREs under various hypoxic conditions, (2) to evaluate the bidirectional activity of multiple HREs, and (3) to confirm whether multiple HREs can induce gene expression in vivo.

Methods
Human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells were transiently transfected by the constructs containing a firefly luciferase reporter gene and various numbers (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) of HREs (nHRE+, nHRE−). The relative luciferase activities were measured under various durations of hypoxia (6, 12, 18, and 24 h), O2 concentrations (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 %), and various concentrations of deferoxamine mesylate (20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 µg/mL growth medium). The bidirectional gene activation levels by HREs were examined in the constructs (dual-luc-nHREs) containing firefly and Renilla luciferase reporter genes at each side of nHREs. Finally, to test whether the construct containing 12HRE and the NIS reporter gene (12HRE-NIS) can induce gene expression in vivo, SPECT imaging was performed in a mouse xenograft model.

Results
(1) gene activation levels by HREs tended to increase with increasing HRE copy number, but a saturation effect was observed in constructs with more than 6 or 8 copies of an HRE, (2) gene activation levels by HREs increased remarkably during 6–12 h of hypoxia, but not beyond 12 h, (3) gene activation levels by HREs decreased with increasing O2 concentrations, but could be detected even under mild hypoxia at 16 % O2, (4) the bidirectionally proportional activity of the HRE was confirmed regardless of the hypoxic severity, and (5) NIS expression driven by 12 tandem copies of an HRE in response to hypoxia could be visualized on in vivo SPECT imaging.

Conclusion
The results of this study will help in the understanding and assessment of the activity of multiple HREs under hypoxia and become the basis for hypoxia-targeted imaging and therapy in the future.
The Yangtze River Deposition in Southern Yellow Sea during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 and its Implications for Sea-Level Changes
Authors: Sun Zhuyou , Li Gang , Yin Yong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe depositional history of the lower Yangtze River and sea-level changes during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 was established using three long drill cores from the northern Yangtze deltaic plain and southern Yellow Sea by using sedimentary analysis and AMS14C dates. Voluminous channel deposits of the lower Yangtze River in MIS 3 were found from the northern deltaic plain and offshore area, with a thickness of over 30 m. The thick channel deposits are characterized by massive medium-to-fine sand deposits with sporadic tidal influence. During MIS 3, the Yangtze River appears to have mainly migrated between the modern river mouth and middle Jiangsu coastal plain, and likely built a delta complex in the field of Yangtze Sand Shoal in northern East China Sea. A large sediment supply and rapid sea-level variations promoted rapid progradation of the delta onto the flat shelf. The highest sea levels during MIS 3 are estimated to have reached 25 ± 5 m below the present sea level.
Do patients living with ulcerative colitis adhere to healthy eating guidelines? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Walton Michelle , Alaunyte Ieva 
Published: September 2014

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes gastrointestinal lesions, bleeding, diarrhoea and nutritional complications. Insufficient nutrient intake can additionally deteriorate nutritional status. The present cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether UC patients adhere to national dietary guidelines and to assess their dietary habits. An online questionnaire (n 93) was used to assess health-related conditions, current nutritional knowledge, professional dietary guidance and food avoidance. A 24 h dietary recall (n 81) was used to assess nutrient intakes, which were then compared with the national recommended intake values. The results showed that the nutritional knowledge of participants was limited with unofficial sources being used, including websites. Numerous food groups, predominantly fibre-rich foods and fruit and vegetables, were largely avoided by the participants. Almost half of the study population eliminated foods such as dairy products to alleviate symptoms, possibly unnecessarily. Energy intakes were significantly (P< 0·05) lower than the national recommended intake values in women aged 18–65 years and men aged 18–60 years. Fat intake exceeded the national recommended intake values (P< 0·0001), at the expense of carbohydrate and fibre intakes, which were significantly (P< 0·005) lower than the national recommended intake values. Protein intake was significantly high in women aged 19–50 years (P< 0·00) and men aged 19–50 years (P< 0·005). Vitamin C, vitamin B12 and Ca intake levels were overachieved by all participants (P< 0·001), while women aged 19–50 years did not achieve their dietary Fe reference nutrient intake levels (P< 0·001). Osteopaenia, osteoporosis and anaemia were reported by 12, 6 and 31 % of the participants, respectively. Findings indicate that food avoidance may contribute to nutrient deficiencies in UC patients. Low intakes of these food groups, especially during remission, are preventing patients from adhering to dietary guidelines.