bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer: reconciling findings from preclinical and clinical data
Authors: Zardavas Dimitrios , Phillips Wayne A , Loi Sherene 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPIK3CA mutations represent one of the most common genetic aberrations in breast cancer. They have been reported to be present in over one-third of cases, with enrichment in the luminal and in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive subtypes. Substantial preclinical data on the oncogenic properties of these mutations have been reported. However, whilst the preclinical data have clearly shown an association with robust activation of the pathway and resistance to common therapies used in breast cancer, the clinical data reported up to now do not support that the PIK3CA mutated genotype is associated with high levels of pathway activation or with a poor prognosis. We speculate that this may be due to the minimal use of transgenic mice models thus far. In this review, we discuss both the preclinical and clinical data associated with PIK3CA mutations and their potential implications. Prospective clinical trials stratifying by PIK3CA genotype will be necessary to determine if the mutation also predicts for increased sensitivity to agents targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway.
Exon identity crisis: disease-causing mutations that disrupt the splicing code
Authors: Sterne-Weiler Timothy , Sanford Jeremy R 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCis-acting RNA elements control the accurate expression of human multi-exon protein coding genes. Single nucleotide variants altering the fidelity of this regulatory code and, consequently, pre-mRNA splicing are expected to contribute to the etiology of numerous human diseases.
Stem cell factor induces AP-1-dependent mast cell IL-6 production via MAPK kinase 3 activity
Authors: MacNeil Adam J , Junkins Robert D , Wu Zhengli , Lin Tong-Jun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMast cells are critical immune effectors abundant in tissues interfacing with the environment and have major roles in allergen-induced inflammation and host responses to infection. SCF is a regulator of mast cell function and growth. However, the critical mechanisms in SCF-directed events remain incompletely defined. Here, we have investigated the role of MKK3 in mast cell SCF signaling-dependent functions by using BMMCs from MKK3-deficient mice. MKK3 was phosphorylated rapidly and persistently following SCF-induced activation and contributed to mast cell proliferation but not survival or migration in response to SCF. Analysis of SCF-induced mast cell mediator secretion demonstrated that IL-6 production is specifically dependent on MKK3 signals, both independently and in concert with IgE. Analysis of SCF-induced signaling showed that sustained p38 phosphorylation was impaired in MKK3-deficient mast cells, wheras early JNK and IκBα activation were enhanced. Notably, SCF-inducible expression and activation of c-Jun, a component of the AP-1 transcription factor, was significantly dependent on MKK3. Accordingly, AP-1 DNA-binding activity and interaction with the IL6 gene promoter was markedly impaired in MKK3-deficient mast cells, whereas transcription factors of the Egr family, NF-κB, and NFAT retained near-full activity. These results designate MKK3 as a novel, positive regulator of SCF-induced mast cell proliferation and a critical signaling protein for AP-1-dependent IL-6 production.
High-mobility group box-1 and its role in angiogenesis
Authors: Yang Shuai , Xu Linxinyu , Yang Tianshu , Wang Fang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHMGB1 is an architectural chromatin-binding protein that can be released actively by activated cells or passively by dying cells and can serve as a DAMP molecule to drive the pathogenesis of inflammatory and angiogenic diseases. Through TLR4 and RAGE signaling pathways, HMGB1 could regulate vascular growth in vivo and in vitro through diverse mechanisms, including induction of proangiogenic cytokine release and activation of ECs, macrophages, EPCs, and mesoangioblasts, all of which could contribute to vessel formation. Accordingly, HMGB1 plays a significant role in many angiogenesis-related conditions, such as tumors, PDR, wound-healing, and ischemia-induced angiogenesis. In this review, we focus on the regulatory role of HMGB1 in angiogenesis and recent progress in therapeutic strategies targeting HMGB1.
Photochemical Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Fengguo , Yang Wangjin , Wang Ying , Xue Xiangxin , Yang He 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Silica nanoparticles were synthesized by a photochemical method in the presence of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate as a superacid generator and tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silicon source. The addition of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide was found to have a profound influence on the morphology and surface structure of the silica nanoparticles.
Humanitarian culture as a phenomenon of spirituality
Authors: Шатило  , Shatilo I. , Кащенко  , Kashchenko T. 
Published: January 2014

The substance of spiritual culture and humanitarian culture
and interrelations between these phenomena are analyzed. The levels,
functions and important attributes which differentiate humanitarian culture
and natural science culture are described. The author also highlights
the main characteristics of the Russian humanitarian culture, such as
cosmocentrism, integrity and «sobornost», the prevalence of moral and
spiritual regulators over the law restrictions and ontological realism.
The humanitarian culture influences the whole system of education and
determines the main body of the liberal education. The liberal education
not only reveals the reasons of human existence, but also provides the
techniques for resolving conflicts. Moral and psychological conflicts are
treated as forms, in which objective contradictions intrinsic to moral
progress of society are manifested.
Quando os Jesuítas eram mestres da palavra: a retórica segundo a ratio studiorum
Authors: Miranda Margarida 
Published: January 2014

Através da análise da Ratio Studiorum da Companhia de Jesus, este estudotem como objectivo descrever o ensino da Retórica nos Colégios dos Jesuítas,como ensino da eloquentio perfecta alcançada pela integração das suas cincopartes clássicas. Quer os escritos doutrinários quer a produção retórica dos jesuítas testemunham uma retórica consciente da sua elevada relevância para a vida pública; não uma retórica acantonada na teorização académica, nem transformada em normas de argumentação escolar ou de teoria literária restrita, mas uma retórica plenamente consciente da sua utilidade social.
O que tem Esparta que ver com Jerusalém? A construção de um mito helenístico
Authors: Rodrigues Nuno Simões 
Published: January 2014

Este estudo parte das referências a Esparta nos livros dos Macabeus, escritosno século II a. C., e propõe uma análise da relação que os textos estabelecem entre a cidade grega e os Judeus nesse período. Depois de discutir os aspectos políticos e ideológicos que subjazem a essa formulação, o autor conclui ser verosímil uma ligação política entre Espartanos e Judeus no século II a. C., no quadro da emergência da hegemonia romana no Mediterrâneo e definida por uma evocação retórica tipicamente helenística, apesar de persistirem as dúvidas no que diz respeito aos documentos citados pelos livros bíblicos.
The analysis of elementary and high school students' natural and humorous responses patterns in coping with embarrassing situations
Authors: Chang Hui-Ju , Wang Chien-Ya , Chen Hsueh-Chih , Chang Kuo-En 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis research aims to examine the use of humor in early adolescents for coping with imagined situations. The main issues investigated are the response patterns of participants to requests to answer the imagined questions by taking both general and humorous perspectives. The Interpersonal Coping Questionnaire was used to survey 485 fifth- to eighth- grade elementary school students in Taipei County and Taipei City for their answers to the imagined questions. The results show that, compared to the general answering perspective, elementary school students taking the humorous answering perspective tended to use specific coping strategies, humor techniques and content. The analysis of techniques of humor in our study has also revealed that irony, imitation, and metaphor were the most used strategies to cope with embarrassing interpersonal conditions in cases where a humorous approach was requested. In terms of age, both male and female junior high school students use more humorous techniques than the fifthand sixth-graders do, indicating a significant correlation between the creation of humor and the development of cognition. In terms of gender, female junior high school students use illogic and parody/imitation more than the male counterparts do.The respondents' humorous responses were also classified as aggressive, affiliative, self-defeating, or self-enhancing. It was discovered in this study that in terms of age, male elementary students mostly frequently used aggressive humor, whereas female elementary students mostly often used affiliative humor responses. As for junior high school students, male students use more aggressive humor, while their female counterparts use more self-defeating humor. These findings of the present research provide a valuable understanding for education.
Investigations on the Effect of CNC Dry Hard Turning Process Parameters on Surface Integrity: A Multi-performance Characteristics Optimization
Authors: Shihab Suha K. , Khan Zahid A. , Mohammad Aas , Siddiquee Arshad Noor 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe cutting parameters such as the cutting speed, the feed rate, the depth of cut, etc. are expected to affect the two constituents of surface integrity (SI), i.e., surface roughness and micro-hardness. An attempt has been made in this paper to investigate the effect of the CNC hard turning parameters on the surface roughness average (Ra) and the micro-hardness (μh) of AISI 52100 hard steel under dry cutting conditions. Nine experimental runs based on an orthogonal array of the Taguchi method were performed and grey relational analysis method was subsequently applied to determine an optimal cutting parameter setting. The feed rate was found to be the most influential factor for both the Ra and the μh. Further, the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the cutting speed is the most significant controlled factor for affecting the SI in the turning operation according to the weighted sum grade of the surface roughness average and micro-hardness.
Design and Development of a Singularizing Unit for Part Feeding System
Authors: Suresh M. , Jagadeesh K.A. , Rathish R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn the modern industrial world, speed, agility, accuracy and less time are the key factors to attain a position in the market. Various forms of the products manufactured which could either be symmetric or asymmetric. The stacking of the asymmetric parts are either done manually which is a time-consuming job or by installing robots which are costly. To overcome this problem, part feeders are introduced to stack the parts in a specific orientation. In the automotive industry the brake pads are the components manufactured in a large scale. The manufacture of components and stacking them is an intensive task which necessitates agile manufacturing. So a linear part feeding system is designed along with the trap and conveyor system to reorient the asymmetric part to its most favorable orientation for stacking. The major problem arrives in part feeding system is to send parts one by one to trap. The main objective of this work is to design and develop the singularizing unit for sending the parts one by one. The system is designed to separate the brake pads from clusters and singularize them. The singularizing unit is designed by using Markov model and the unit is fabricated. Experiments were conducted for selecting the suitable parameters by making the unit at various levels of inclinations by using base plates of various thicknesses. The parameters which are concentrated while orienting the parts are frequency of vibration, time to travel the part on the singularizing unit and acceleration of the part for effective part motion in a singularizing unit.
Seasonal variation in maternal and umbilical cord 25(OH) vitamin D and their associations with neonatal adiposity
Authors: Godang Kristin , Frøslie Kathrine Frey , Henriksen Tore , Qvigstad Elisabeth , Bollerslev Jens 
Published: January 2014

DesignNeonatal body fat is an important indicator of foetal energy supply and growth with potential importance for long-term health. In this study, we wanted to explore seasonal variation of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) in maternal and umbilical cord plasma (UCP) to examine whether maternal and foetal 25(OH)D levels were associated with maternal BMI and neonatal fat mass (FM), and to explore the relationship among maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D levels, maternal glucose/insulin levels and UCP C-peptide.MethodsAn observational, prospective study of determinants of foetal growth and birth weight in healthy pregnant women. Total body composition in 202 newborns was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Circulating levels of biomarkers were assessed in mothers at gestational weeks 14–16 and 30–32 and UCP.ResultsThe mean 25(OH)D concentration in UCP was significantly lower than in maternal circulation (31 vs 45 nmol/l,P<0.001). Maternal and UCP 25(OH)D levels varied significantly with season. No significant association between maternal BMI (weeks 14–16) and UCP 25(OH)D concentration was found. We found a strong positive association between maternal 25(OH)D and UCP 25(OH)D (P<0.001). There was no significant linear association between maternal BMI (weeks 14–16) and maternal 25(OH)D. We found no association between maternal 25(OH)D levels and glucose/insulin levels, nor with maternal or UCP 25(OH)D on UCP C-peptide levels. Finally, neonatal total body FM was positively associated with UCP 25(OH)D,P=0.02.ConclusionsWe demonstrated seasonal variation in maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D levels at northern latitudes. UCP, but not maternal, 25(OH)D was a significant predictor of neonatal total FM. Maternal BMI and metabolic parameters such as glucose, insulin and UCP C-peptide levels were not associated with 25(OH)D in mothers or offspring.
TSH measurement is not an appropriate screening test for autonomous functioning thyroid nodules: a retrospective study of 368 patients
Authors: Chami Rayan , Moreno-Reyes Rodrigo , Corvilain Bernard 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveBased on the assumption that normal TSH concentration rules out the presence of autonomous functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs), clinical guidelines on the management of thyroid nodules only recommend a thyroid scan if TSH concentration is subnormal. However, the proportion of AFTN presenting with a normal TSH is unknown. Our objective is therefore to determine the proportion of AFTNs with a normal TSH level to ascertain whether a normal TSH really rules out an AFTN.DesignRetrospective study on 368 patients with an AFTN.MethodsThyroid scans with a diagnosis of AFTN were reviewed retrospectively by one of us (R Moreno-Reyes), blinded to the clinical data. The diagnosis of solitary AFTN was confirmed in 368 patients. Among them, we selected 217 patients based on the absence of another thyroid nodule >10 mm, the absence of medical conditions able to interfere with thyroid function, and the completeness of the data.ResultsThe proportion of AFTNs with normal TSH was 49%. This proportion increased to 71% in patients for whom thyroid scan was performed in the workup of a thyroid nodule.ConclusionsOur data suggest that serum TSH is not an effective screening tool to diagnose AFTNs. Using ‘TSH-only’ screening, as recommended by the majority of guidelines, the diagnosis of AFTN would have been missed in 71% of our patients in the workup of a thyroid nodule. Thyroid scan remains the gold standard for detecting AFTN and should be considered before performing fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), as the reliability of FNAC in an unsuspected AFTN remains unclear.
ReducedrDNACopy Number Does Not Affect “Competitive” Chromosome Pairing inXYYMales ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Maggert Keith A 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays are causal agents in X-Y chromosome pairing in meiosis I of Drosophila males. Despite broad variation in X-linked and Y-linked rDNA copy number, polymorphisms in regulatory/spacer sequences between rRNA genes, and variance in copy number of interrupting R1 and R2 retrotransposable elements, there is little evidence that different rDNA arrays affect pairing efficacy. I investigated whether induced rDNA copy number polymorphisms affect chromosome pairing in a “competitive” situation in which complex pairing configurations were possible using males with XYY constitution. Using a common normal X chromosome, one of two different full-length Y chromosomes, and a third chromosome from a series of otherwise-isogenic rDNA deletions, I detected no differences in X-Y or Y-Y pairing or chromosome segregation frequencies that could not be attributed to random variation alone. This work was performed in the context of an undergraduate teaching program at Texas A&M University, and I discuss the pedagogical utility of this and other such experiments.
Effect of zinc introduction on catalytic performance of ZSM-5 in conversion of methanol to light olefins
Authors: Zhang Su-Hong , Gao Zhi-Xian , Qing Shao-Jun , Liu Sheng-Yu , Qiao Yan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe effect of Zn on the catalytic performance of ZSM-5 in the methanol-to-olefin conversion was investigated. The samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, FTIR, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia and water, and Py-IR. The experimental results revealed Znmodified ZSM-5 to show a lower selectivity to light olefin at the higher reaction temperature of 520°C but a higher selectivity to light olefin at lower temperatures. As a comparison, the catalytic performance of Ca-modified ZSM-5 for the methanol conversion is also given. From the above results, it is concluded that Zn may play another role in the methanol conversion in addition to tuning the surface acidic property after modification.
Sound absorption property of nonwoven based composites
Authors: Gliścińska Eulalia , Michalak Marina , Krucińska Izabella 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Sound absorbing materials used to provide optimal conditions in rooms can be applied in the form of textiles with
a special structure such as nonwovens or fibre-containing composites. Nonwovens can be successfully used to
make thermoplastic composites by thermal pressing. This paper presents the comparison of the sound absorbing
properties of needled nonwovens and composites made from them. Composites with various densities can be made
of nonwovens with various percentage contents of filling and matrix fibres. The sound absorption by composites
with similar thickness, about several millimetres, is slightly lower than that by the laminar nonwoven packs used for
their making. The optimal content of the filling fibres in the composite, when its sound absorption coefficient reaches
the highest values, is at the level of 10 wt.%. With the increase in the content of filling fibres the composite density
decreases. In the case of the composite with 10 wt.% of filling fibres, its density is the highest among the composites
investigated, and the increase in absorption of high-frequency sounds is the highest. Imparting a relief with a
protrusion diameter over 10 mm to the composite surface, we can increase the sound absorption of that composite.
The choice of appropriate tools for measuring intellectual capital as a determinant of success with special emphasis on the textile and clothing market
Authors: Malinowska-Olszowy Monika 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The observation of the market indicates that material assets as determining the value of the company and as the
determining factors of its success are increasingly becoming less important. On the other hand, the factor, whose
share has an increasing significance in the success of the organisation, is the ability to utilise intangible resources,
meaning the intellectual capital.
The aim of the current article is to present the essence of the intellectual capital and different instruments of
estimating its level. There was also an attempt made to measure the intellectual capital with the use of one of
the available methods. The companies from textile-clothing sector quoted at the Warsaw Stock Exchange were
selected as a target group.
Assessment and evaluation of production efficiencies in textile industry through quality of work life
Authors: Venkatesh J , Aarthy C 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The success of any organisation is dependent on how effectively it attracts recruits, and the manner in which it
motivates and retains its workforce. To cope up with the current situations, managements must be flexible enough
in dealing with their workforce and ensure loyalty in their employees. In order to satisfy the employees and achieve
organisational goals, the management must adopt new approaches to improve the quality of work life of employees.
This paper aims to measure the factors influencing the quality of work life and the impact of quality of work life on
employees’ performance. A sample of 150 employees from a textile industry was selected and the study reveals
that organisational culture, training and development, compensation and rewards, and job satisfaction differ from
department to department, which have great impact on the quality of work life of employees. The positive finding
in this study is that there is a healthy relationship among the subordinates and superiors which leads to effective
communication and cooperation. Thus, quality of work life of employees has a positive impact on productivity of the
employees.
Spatial-Temporal Gait Characteristics in Individuals With Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Constantinou Maria , Barrett Rod , Brown Mark , Mills Peter 
Published: January 2014

Study Design Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Objective To systematically review and critically evaluate the literature to determine how basic gait characteristics are altered in individuals with hip osteoarthritis (OA). Background Hip OA is a progressive musculoskeletal condition that leads to pain, stiffness, and functional limitation in activities such as walking. Understanding gait dysfunction in people with hip OA may contribute to more effective management of the disease. Methods Eleven electronic research databases were searched. Studies comparing basic gait parameters in individuals with hip OA to healthy controls and the affected to the contralateral limb of individuals with hip OA were included. The studies were critically appraised for methodological quality. Available data were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed, with standardized effect sizes (Cohen d) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals computed for gait speed, cadence, step and stride length, stance, swing and double-stance duration, and step width. Results The final analysis included 30 articles. Self-selected gait speed was 26% slower in individuals with hip OA relative to controls, which was explained by shorter stride length. Consistent evidence was found for greater asymmetry in individuals with hip OA than controls, with shorter step length and stance duration in the affected compared to the contralateral limb. Conclusion Individuals with hip OA walk at a slower speed and exhibit greater gait asymmetry than controls. Gait speed and asymmetry can be readily assessed clinically and represent a simple way of objectively evaluating gait dysfunction and monitoring treatment progress in individuals with hip OA. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(4):291–303. Epub 22 January 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4634