bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of physiological heart murmurs in a population of 95 healthy young adult dogs
Authors: Drut A. , Ribas T. , Floch F. , Franchequin S. , Freyburger L. , Rannou B. , Cadoré J. L. , Bublot I. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVESTo determine the prevalence of physiological heart murmurs in healthy young adult dogs.MATERIALS AND METHODSHealthy dogs aged between 1 and 5 years were enrolled prospectively. All participating dogs underwent physical examination, urinalysis, blood testing and blood pressure measurement. Cardiac auscultations were performed by three independent examiners. Dogs with heart murmurs underwent echocardiography, to exclude cardiovascular abnormalities.RESULTSOf 109 dogs evaluated, 95 completed the study. Heart murmurs were detected in 22 dogs. Interobserver agreement for murmur detection was moderate to fair (weighted kappa 0 · 29–0 · 56). On the basis of two different sets of echocardiographic criteria, physiological heart murmurs were diagnosed in 6 and 11 dogs, respectively, giving a prevalence of 6–12%. All physiological heart murmurs were systolic and low‐grade (I–III/VI). Most were louder towards the left heart base and some radiated up to the thoracic inlet. The epidemiological features of dogs with physiological heart murmurs did not differ significantly from those of dogs without murmurs (P > 0 · 10).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis study shows that physiological heart murmurs may not be limited to growing dogs or specific breeds, as they were commonly encountered in this population of healthy young adult dogs.
The Prevalence and the Risk Factors of Testosterone Deficiency in Newly Diagnosed and Previously Known Type 2 Diabetic Men
Authors: Ho Chen-Hsun , Jaw Fu-Shan , Wu Chia-Chang , Chen Kuan-Chou , Wang Chih-Yuan , Hsieh Ju-Ton , Yu Hong-Jeng , Liu Shih-Ping 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Introduction
While the epidemiology of testosterone deficiency has been well described in men with previously known type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it was less reported in those with untreated, newly diagnosed T2DM.

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and the risk factors of testosterone deficiency of men with newly diagnosed T2DM.

Methods
The cross-sectional study included 105 men (mean age: 61.2 ± 6.8 years) with previously known T2DM and another 81 (57.8 ± 8.8 years) with newly diagnosed T2DM. All received health checkup and sex hormone measurement at our institute in 2009.

Main Outcome Measures
We calculated the prevalence and explored the risk factors of low total (&lt;300 ng/dL) and free (&lt;6 ng/dL) testosterone in men with newly diagnosed and previously known T2DM.

Results
Men with previously known T2DM were older and had higher diastolic pressure and greater fasting glucose. There was no significant difference in total (358.0 [155.0] ng/dL vs. 363.0 [154.0] ng/dL, P = 0.68) and free (7.2 [2.5] ng/dL vs. 7.4 [2.4] ng/dL, P = 0.84) testosterone and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (27.3 [22.3] nmol/L vs. 28.7 [14.9] nmol/L, P = 0.46). The prevalence of low total and free testosterone was 28.4% and 21.0%, respectively, in men with newly diagnosed T2DM, and was 26.7% and 19.0% in those with previously known T2DM. In men with previously known T2DM, better glycemic control (HbA1c &lt;7%) was associated with a higher level of total testosterone and a lower risk of low total testosterone. Men with newly diagnosed and previously known T2DM shared similar risk factors of low total testosterone, including high HbA1c (≥7%), low SHBG (&lt;20 nmol/L), obesity, hyperuricemia, hypertriglycemia, and metabolic syndrome. Elevated prostate-specific antigen was a protective factor of low total testosterone. However, none of these factors was associated with low free testosterone.

Conclusions
The prevalence and the risk factors of testosterone deficiency are similar between newly diagnosed and previously known type 2 diabetic men.
Green Web or megabiased clock? Plant fossils from Gondwanan Patagonia speak on evolutionary radiations
Authors: Wilf Peter , Escapa Ignacio H. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryEvolutionary divergence‐age estimates derived from molecular ‘clocks’ are frequently correlated with paleogeographic, paleoclimatic and extinction events. One prominent hypothesis based on molecular data states that the dominant pattern of Southern Hemisphere biogeography is post‐Gondwanan clade origins and subsequent dispersal across the oceans in a metaphoric ‘Green Web’. We tested this idea against well‐dated Patagonian fossils of 19 plant lineages, representing organisms that actually lived on Gondwana. Most of these occurrences are substantially older than their respective, often post‐Gondwanan molecular dates. The Green Web interpretation probably results from directional bias in molecular results. Gondwanan history remains fundamental to understanding Southern Hemisphere plant radiations, and we urge significantly greater caution when using molecular dating to interpret the biological impacts of geological events.ContentsSummary283I.Introduction283II.Data: fossils and clocks284III.Results284IV.Discussion287V.Conclusions288Acknowledgements288References288
Association between childhood atopic dermatitis, malnutrition, and low bone mineral density: A US population‐based study
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan I. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundChildren with atopic dermatitis (AD) have multiple risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD).MethodsWe analyzed data from 3049 children and adolescents aged 8–19 yrs from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including a cross‐sectional questionnaire, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and blood samples.ResultsIn multivariate models that controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, level of education and household income, body mass index (BMI), and smoking in the household, AD was associated with lower BMD z‐score for the total femur (survey linear regression; adjusted β [95% CI]: −0.42 [0.68, −0.16]), including trochanter (−0.29 [−0.54, −0.05]) and femoral neck (−0.29 [−0.53, −0.05]) and total lumbar spine (−0.31 [−0.52, −0.11]). Children with AD had higher median levels of serum IgE (110.0 vs. 53.0 kU/l), peripheral lymphocyte (2.9 vs. 2.5 × 103 cells/μl), and eosinophil counts (0.3 vs. 0.2 × 103 cells/μl) (Mann–Whitney U‐test, p ≤ 0.003 for all), but not CRP levels (0.03 vs. 0.04 mg/dl) and higher odds of 25‐OH vitamin D deficiency (survey logistic regression; odds ratio [OR] [95% CI]: 4.81 [1.21, 20.81]), low calcium (2.56 [1.24, 5.28]), low alkaline phosphatase (2.56 [1.20, 5.44]), and higher tertiles of LDH (tertile 2: 6.36 [1.75, 23.18]; tertile‐3: 4.57 [1.32, 15.85]), but not parathyroid hormone (PTH) or albumin. Finally, children with AD had higher rates of low BMD, that is, BMD z‐score <−2, of the femur (23.4% vs. 18.4%) and spine (35.3% vs. 24.5%). In multivariate logistic regression models of low BMD of femur and/or spine using stepwise selection of the 30 sociodemographic and clinical factors, laboratory values, and medications used, AD remained a significant covariate (1.33 [1.32–1.34]). The covariates with the largest effects on low BMD were low PTH and albumin, higher basophil count, Hispanic ethnicity, and BMI <5th percentile. Among children with AD, 56.2% of those with Hispanic origin, 52.8% with BMI <5th percentile, 75.0% with low albumin, and 54.0% with low PTH had low BMD.ConclusionsChildren with AD have lower BMD, particularly those with malnutrition and Hispanic ethnicity.
Factors associated with asthma control in children: findings from a national Web‐based survey
Authors: Sasaki Mari , Yoshida Koichi , Adachi Yuichi , Furukawa Mayumi , Itazawa Toshiko , Odajima Hiroshi , Saito Hirohisa , Akasawa Akira 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough achieving and maintaining control of asthma is considered to be the goal of asthma treatment, determinants of asthma control are not fully understood. Our aim was to assess factors associated with asthma control among paediatric patients in the general population.MethodsIn June 2012, a Web‐based survey was conducted to identify Japanese children aged 6 to 11 yr who currently have asthma and evaluate control of their disease using the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C‐ACT). Associations were evaluated among uncontrolled asthma (C‐ACT score <20) between environmental factors, demographics and comorbid allergic diseases.ResultsAmong the 3066 children with current asthma, 447 (14.6%) had uncontrolled asthma. Multivariable analysis identified factors such as low birthweight (adjusted OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.25–2.18), obesity (adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.05–1.99) and pet ownership before birth (adjusted OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.24–2.29) to be associated with uncontrolled disease. Comorbid allergic diseases, especially rhinitis were a significant risk of uncontrolled asthma (adjusted OR for severe rhinitis: 3.88, 95% CI 2.50–6.00). The severity of rhinitis symptoms was inversely correlated with the C‐ACT score (p < 0.001).ConclusionsA population‐based Web survey showed an association between several factors and the control of paediatric asthma. The assessment of these factors may help identify the children at risk with uncontrolled asthma.
Exercise‐induced bronchospasm diagnosis in children. Utility of combined lung function tests
Authors: Sánchez‐García Silvia , Rodríguez del Río Pablo , Escudero Carmelo , García‐Fernández Cristina , Ibáñez Maria Dolores 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of exercise‐induced asthma or bronchospasm (EIB) is a complex dare in daily clinical practice. The consensus is that if bronchial hyper‐responsiveness (BHR) is demonstrated in a patient with symptoms consistent with EIB, then that patient can be diagnosed with exercise‐induced bronchospasm. The aim of this study was to determine which BHR test is the most efficient to diagnose EIB.MethodsChildren under 16, without previous asthma diagnosis, or with stable asthma, complaining of asthma‐like symptoms triggered by exercise were included. Bronchodilator, methacholine, mannitol, and exercise tests were performed on all patients, following established protocols. The performance of single and combined tests was determined.ResultsOf 46 patients (median age: 12 yr, ranged 8–16 y.o.) were recruited, 30 (70%) previously diagnosed of asthma. BHR was detected in 93.47% of the children. The exercise challenge test detected BHR in 11 of 46 (23.90%) patients, bronchodilator test in 10 of 46 (21.70%), mannitol in 36 of 45 (80%) and methacholine in 41 of 45 (91.11%). The total number of patients with BHR was detected using a combination of the methacholine and mannitol tests. A combination of the methacholine test performed first, followed by the mannitol test, was able to diagnose BHR in 100% of children with lower number of tests (n = 45) than if the order was reversed (n = 50).ConclusionsMethacholine and mannitol tests detect BHR in most children with suspected EIB. Bronchodilator and exercise tests show a low positivity rate. A combination of the methacholine test, followed by the mannitol test, gives the highest return to identify BHR in children for the diagnosis of EIB.
Recurrent Pustular Eruption Masquerading as Pustular Psoriasis in Netherton Syndrome
Authors: Mendiratta Vibhu , Yadav Pravesh , Chander Ram , Aggarwal Shilpi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe report a unique presentation of Netherton syndrome with recurrent pustular eruptions leading to an erroneous diagnosis of infantile pustular psoriasis. Light microscopy of eyebrow hair showed trichorrhexis invaginata, consistent with Netherton syndrome.
Risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants with congenital cystic lung disease
Authors: Hama Ikuko , Takahashi Shigehiro , Nakamura Tomoo , Ito Yushi , Kawasaki Kazuteru , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundCongenital cystic lung disease (CCLD), which includes congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, bronchopulmonary sequestration, and congenital lobar emphysema, has been reported to increase the risk of recurrent respiratory infection. In particular, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract disease in high‐risk infants. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of severe RSV infection in infants with CCLD.MethodsInfants antenatally diagnosed as having CCLD and admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit at the National Center for Child Health and Development in Tokyo between September 2002 and October 2011 were included in this study. We investigated retrospectively whether the infants were hospitalized with RSV infection by 24 months of age using their medical records.ResultsForty‐eight infants were antenatally diagnosed as having CCLD. Of the 48 infants, four (8.3%) were hospitalized with RSV infection by 24 months of age.ConclusionsInfants with CCLD have increased risk of severe RSV infection.
Acoustic improvements after surgical correction in congenital heart disease
Authors: Joo Chan Uhng , Choi Yoon Mi , Kim Sun Jun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundHoarse or asthenic voice is frequently associated with various pediatric cardiac disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in voice physiology after surgical correction in patients with congenital heart diseases.MethodsWe performed voice analysis using induced crying of 40 infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) such as ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and atrial septal defect (ASD; 31 girls, 24 boys; mean age, 11 ± 8.9 months). Cries were serially recorded immediately prior to operation, then 1 week, and 1 month after surgical correction, respectively. Acoustic parameters, fundamental frequency (F0), duration of cry, noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), jitter, and shimmer, were extracted using Multi‐Dimensional Voice Program™ (MDVP) a computerized speech analysis system. Cries were compared with 30 normal healthy infants of corresponding age.ResultsAmong the 25 infants with VSD, cry duration, jitter, and shimmer improved after the operation (P < 0.05). F0 and NHR, however, were not significantly different. F0 in patients with PDA improved, but was not statistically significant. The duration of cry, jitter, shimmer, and NHR improved in the PDA group (P < 0.05). The jitter and shimmer parameters improved significantly (P < 0.05), but F0, cry duration, and NHR in patients with ASD did not show any significant changes.ConclusionsDeviated voice patterns in pediatric patients with CHD can normalize after surgical correction. In addition, non‐invasive analysis such as MDVP can be used to identify vocal paralysis, even in the early postoperative period.
Serum ischemia‐modified albumin and oxidized LDL in cord blood and serum of neonates born to pre‐eclamptic mothers
Authors: Mehmetoglu Idris , Kurban Sevil , Toker Aysun , Annagür Ali , Altunhan Hüseyin , Erbay Ekrem , Örs Rahmi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (OxLDL) and ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA) in cord blood and neonatal blood of 7‐day‐old neonates born to pre‐eclamptic and normotensive healthy mothers.MethodsThe study was performed on 30 neonates born to pre‐eclamptic and 20 neonates born to normotensive mothers. IMA and OxLDL were determined on spectrophotometry and ELISA, respectively.ResultsIMA in cord blood was higher in the pre‐eclamptic group as compared with the normotensive group, but the difference between the groups was not significant. IMA in neonate venous blood was significantly higher in the pre‐eclamptic group than in the normotensive group (P < 0.001). OxLDL in both cord blood and in neonate venous blood was significantly higher in the pre‐eclamptic group compared with the normotensive group (P < 0.001). IMA and OxLDL were significantly decreased after delivery in both groups.ConclusionsSignificantly increased cord blood OxLDL and significantly increased OxLDL and IMA 7 days after birth in neonates born to pre‐eclamptic mothers might be an indicator of increased oxidative stress in pre‐eclampsia.
Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP‐2, MMP‐9) and their Inhibitors (TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2) in Canine Testis, Epididymis and Semen
Authors: Warinrak C , Wu J‐T , Hsu W‐L , Liao J‐W , Chang S‐C , Cheng F‐P 
Published: December 2014

ContentsThis study aims to investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in determining semen quality and to evaluate the expression and cellular localization of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) and TIMP‐2 in the testes, epididymis and ejaculated spermatozoa. Gelatinase activities between normal (n = 21) and abnormal (n = 25) semen samples showed a significant, sixfold increase in proMMP‐2 and MMP‐2 activity in high than low sperm concentration samples (p < 0.001). ProMMP‐9 and MMP‐9 levels were significantly elevated in samples with low sperm counts compared to those with high sperm density (p < 0.001). High levels of proMMP‐2 and MMP‐2 were associated with high sperm motility (≥70%, p < 0.001). Sperm‐rich fraction showed significantly (eight‐fold) higher proMMP‐9 enzymatic activity compared with prostatic fraction. The mRNA expressions of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 were confirmed in testicular and epididymal tissues. Immunohistochemical staining illustrated the MMP‐2‐specific strong immunoreactivity in the head of mature spermatids during spermatogenesis, whereas MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 were absent in these cells. Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 immunoreactivity was observed in the spermatocyte and round spermatid, whereas TIMP‐1 was only exhibited in the residual bodies. Immunolabeling of epididymal and ejaculated sperm demonstrated MMP‐2 localization along acrosomal region of sperm, while MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 localization was merely limited to the flagella. In conclusion, spermatozoa initially acquire MMP‐2 during their formation at testicular level, and the presence of this protein persists through the epididymal transit and up to ejaculate. The enzymatic activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 may serve as an alternative biomarker in determining semen quality.
Psychosocial–Environmental Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts in Adolescents with Suicidal Ideation: Findings from a Sample of 73,238 Adolescents
Authors: Kim Sun Mi , Baek Ji Hyun , Han Doug Hyun , Lee Young Sik , Yurgelun‐Todd Deborah A. 
Published: December 2014

We determined risk factors that discriminate between suicide attempt (SA) adolescents and suicidal ideation only (SI only) adolescents using data from the 2010 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web‐based Survey (12–19 years; N = 73,238). In males, heavy alcohol use, drug use, and high perceived sadness/hopelessness showed significant effects on the presence of SA versus the presence of SI only. In females, along with these variables, low academic achievement, poor perceived health status, high perceived stress, and unhealthy coping strategy were also significantly related to the presence of SA versus SI only. Therefore, clinical interventions targeting adolescents' psychological distress are warranted to prevent suicide.
In Vitro
Resistance Studies with Bacteria That Exhibit Low Mutation Frequencies: Prediction of “Antimutant” Linezolid Concentrations Using a Mixed Inoculum Containing both Susceptible and Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Firsov Alexander A. , Golikova Maria V. , Strukova Elena N. , Portnoy Yury A. , Romanov Andrey V. , Edelstein Mikhail V. , Zinner Stephen H. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Bacterial resistance studies using
in vitro
dynamic models are highly dependent on the starting inoculum that might or might not contain spontaneously resistant mutants (RMs). To delineate concentration-resistance relationships with linezolid-exposed
Staphylococcus aureus
, a mixed inoculum containing both susceptible cells and RMs was used. An RM selected after the 9th passage of the parent strain (MIC, 2 μg/ml) on antibiotic-containing media (RM9; MIC, 8 μg/ml) was chosen for the pharmacodynamic studies, because the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of linezolid against the parent strain in the presence of RM9 at 10
2
(but not at 10
4
) CFU/ml did not differ from the MPC value determined in the absence of the RMs. Five-day treatments with twice-daily linezolid doses were simulated at concentrations either between the MIC and MPC or above the MPC.
S. aureus
RMs (resistant to 2× and 4× MIC but not 8× and 16× MIC) were enriched at ratios of the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC
24
) to the MIC that provide linezolid concentrations between the MIC and MPC for 100% (AUC
24
/MIC, 60 h) and 86% (AUC
24
/MIC, 120 h) of the dosing interval. No such enrichment occurred when linezolid concentrations were above the MIC and below the MPC for a shorter time (37% of the dosing interval; AUC
24
/MIC, 240 h) or when concentrations were consistently above the MPC (AUC
24
/MIC, 480 h). These findings obtained using linezolid-susceptible staphylococci supplemented with RMs support the mutant selection window hypothesis. This method provides an option to delineate antibiotic concentration-resistance relationships with bacteria that exhibit low mutation frequencies.
Evolution of Staphylococcus aureus under Vancomycin Selective Pressure: the Role of the Small-Colony Variant Phenotype
Authors: Lenhard Justin R. , von Eiff Christof , Hong Irene S. , Holden Patricia N. , Bear Michael D. , Suen Amy , Bulman Zackery P. , Tsuji Brian T. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
small-colony variants (SCVs) often persist despite antibiotic therapy. Against a 10
8
-CFU/ml methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) (strain COL) population of which 0%, 1%, 10%, 50%, or 100% was an isogenic
hemB
knockout (Ia48) subpopulation displaying the SCV phenotype, vancomycin achieved maximal reductions of 4.99, 5.39, 4.50, 3.28, and 1.66 log
10
CFU/ml over 48 h. Vancomycin at ≥16 mg/liter shifted a population from 50% SCV cells at 0 h to 100% SCV cells at 48 h, which was well characterized by a Hill-type model (
R
2
> 0.90).
Discovery of Two Novel Viruses Expands the Diversity of Single-Stranded DNA and Single-Stranded RNA Viruses Infecting a Cosmopolitan Marine Diatom
Authors: Kimura Kei , Tomaru Yuji 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Recent studies have suggested that diatom viruses are an important factor affecting diatom population dynamics, which in turn are important in considering marine primary productivity. The marine planktonic diatom
Chaetoceros tenuissimus
Meunier is a cosmopolitan species and often causes blooms off the western coast of Japan. To date, two viruses,
C. tenuissimus
DNA virus (CtenDNAV) type I and CtenRNAV type I, have been identified that potentially affect
C. tenuissimus
population dynamics in the natural environment. In this study, we successfully isolated and characterized two additional novel viruses (CtenDNAV type II and CtenRNAV type II). This paper reports the basic characteristics of these new viruses isolated from surface water or sediment from the Hiroshima Bay, Japan. The physiological and morphological characteristics of the two new viruses were similar to those of the previously isolated viruses. However, the amino acid sequences of the structural proteins of CtenDNAV type II and CtenRNAV type II were clearly distinct from those of both type I viruses, with identity scores of 38.3% and 27.6%, respectively. Our results suggest that at least four genetically distinct viruses sharing the same diatom host are present in western Japan and affect the population dynamics of
C. tenuissimus
. Moreover, the result that CtenRNAV type II lysed multiple diatom species indicates that RNA viruses may affect various diatom populations in the natural environment.