bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the outcomes reported in multimodal pain therapy for chronic pain
Authors: Deckert S. , Kaiser U. , Kopkow C. , Trautmann F. , Sabatowski R. , Schmitt J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveThere are no recommendations provided for the outcome domains of chronic pain that should be explicitly considered in each clinical trial to describe the efficacy and effectiveness of multimodal pain therapy (MPT). Our aims were to summarize all reported outcome domains in studies assessing the effects of MPT for chronic pain, and to subsequently inform a consensus‐based development of a core outcome set of domains in this field.Database and data treatmentMedline, Embase and AMED were searched for studies reporting on chronic pain for at least 3 months that applied MPT and investigated outcome domains. All reported outcome domains were extracted from eligible articles. The patient‐reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS) was applied for conceptual classification.ResultsFrom 3626 potentially relevant titles, 70 studies were included. The median and maximal numbers of outcome domains were 8 and 34, respectively. Although most studies (n = 45/70) assessed a combination of all three core health areas, i.e. physical, mental and social health, there was great variation in the specific domains chosen to address these core health areas. No outcome domain was measured consistently in all studies. After selection of all outcome domains which were reported in at least 10% of all studies included, we identified 14 different outcome domains, mostly operationalized through the domains pain intensity (n = 56/70) and depressive symptoms (n = 42/70).ConclusionsThe current lack of standardization of outcome domains in MPT studies hinders to readily compare interventions from different trials and is a barrier towards evidence‐based decision making. Based on these results, the development of a core outcome set of domains for MPT has been initiated.
Attrition Bias in Panel Data: A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing? A Case Study Based on the Mabel Survey
Authors: Cheng Terence C. , Trivedi Pravin K. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis paper investigates the nature and consequences of sample attrition in a unique longitudinal survey of medical doctors. We describe the patterns of non‐response and examine if attrition affects the econometric analysis of medical labour market outcomes using the estimation of physician earnings equations as a case study. We compare the econometric gestimates obtained from a number of different modelling strategies, which are as follows: balanced versus unbalanced samples; an attrition model for panel data based on the classic sample selection model; and a recently developed copula‐based selection model. Descriptive evidence shows that doctors who work longer hours, have lower years of experience, are overseas trained and have changed their work location are more likely to drop out. Our analysis suggests that the impact of attrition on inference about the earnings of general practitioners is small. For specialists, there appears to be some evidence for an economically significant bias. Finally, we discuss how the top‐up samples in the Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life survey can be used to address the problem of panel attrition. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementing hospital‐based baby boomer hepatitis c virus screening and linkage to care: Strategies, results, and costs
Authors: Turner Barbara J. , Taylor Barbara S. , Hanson Joshua T. , Perez Mary Elizabeth , Hernandez Ludivina , Villarreal Roberto , Veerapaneni Poornachand , Fiebelkorn Kristin 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVEThe US Preventive Services Task Force recommends 1‐time hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening of all baby boomers (born 1945–1965). However, little is known about optimal ways to implement HCV screening, counseling, and linkage to care. We developed strategies following approaches used for HIV to implement baby boomer HCV screening in a hospital setting and report results as well as costs.DESIGN/PATIENTSProspective cohort of 6140 baby boomers admitted to a safety‐net hospital in South Texas from December 1, 2012 to January 31, 2014 and followed to December 10, 2014.PROCEDURES/MEASUREMENTSThe HCV screening program included clinician/staff education, electronic medical record algorithm for eligibility and order entry, opt‐out consent, anti‐HCV antibody test with reflex HCV RNA, personalized inpatient counseling, and outpatient case management. Outcomes were anti‐HCV antibody‐positive and HCV RNA–positive results.RESULTSOf 3168 eligible patients, 240 (7.6%) were anti‐HCV positive, which was more likely (P < 0.05) for younger age, men, and uninsured. Of 214 (89.2%) patients tested for HCV RNA, 134 (4.2% of all screened) were positive (chronic HCV). Among patients with chronic HCV, 129 (96.3%) were counseled, 108 (80.6%) received follow‐up primary care, and 52 (38.8%) received hepatology care. Five patients initiated anti‐HCV therapy. Total costs for start‐up and implementation for 14 months were $286,482.CONCLUSIONSThis inpatient HCV screening program diagnosed chronic HCV infection in 4.2% of tested patients and linked >80% to follow‐up care. Yet access to therapy is challenging for largely uninsured populations, and most programmatic costs of the program are not currently covered. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:510–516. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Synthesis of Monodisperse Sequence‐Defined Polymers Using Protecting‐Group‐Free Iterative Strategies
Authors: Trinh Thanh Tam , Laure Chloé , Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: May 2015

The synthesis of “precision” polymers with finely controlled molecular structures is an important new development in synthetic polymer chemistry. This trend is the logical outcome of the continuing evolution of the field of polymer synthesis. Indeed, during the last few decades, synthetic tools, such as living ionic polymerizations, controlled radical polymerizations, and click chemistry, have revolutionized the synthesis of polymers with controlled architectures such as block, graft, star, brush, hyperbranched or cyclic polymers. These aspects being solved, it is now time for polymer chemists to address more challenging questions such as the design of monodisperse polymers and the control of primary (i.e., comonomer sequences), secondary (i.e., single‐chain folding), and tertiary (i.e., single‐chain compartmentalization) structures. Here, new synthetic tools have to be developed or imported from other disciplines such as organic chemistry and biochemistry. For instance, solid‐phase iterative chemistry, which was initially introduced for the synthesis of oligopeptides and oligonucleotides, is an interesting methodology for preparing monodisperse sequence‐defined polymers. However, such approaches are usually time‐consuming and request demanding coupling/capping/deprotection steps. Yet, interesting protecting‐group‐free methodologies have been described in recent years for simplifying and accelerating these processes. These promising new approaches are briefly listed and explained in this article.
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Evaluation of heart involvement in calpainopathy (LGMD2A) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Quick Silvio , Schaefer Jochen , Waessnig Nadine , Schultheiss Thorsten , Reuner Ulrike , Schoen Steffen , Reichmann Heinz , Strasser Ruth , Speiser Uwe 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionCardiac dysfunction occurs in several forms of limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD). The aim of this study was to investigate cardiac involvement in calpainopathy (LGMD2A).MethodsCardiovascular evaluation was performed in 10 patients with genetically verified LGMD2A by echocardiography, 3 Tesla ‐ cardiovascular magnetic resonance, 24‐h electrocardiography recordings with heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, and 24‐h blood pressure recordings.ResultsNo patient with calpainopathy showed impairment of left or right ventricular function. One patient had a small amount (2% of left ventricle mass) of late gadolinium enhancement. HRV analysis revealed no significant difference compared with external reference data.ConclusionsThe main finding of this study is the lack of cardiac involvement in patients with calpainopathy. Cardiac involvement was not found, even in individuals with advanced age and greater disease severity. Furthermore, we did not observe an overall reduction of cardiac autonomic regulation in calpainopathy. Muscle Nerve 52: 661–663, 2015
Mass spectrometric phosphoproteome analysis of HIV‐infected brain reveals novel phosphorylation sites and differential phosphorylation patterns
Authors: Uzasci Lerna , Auh Sungyoung , Cotter Robert J. , Nath Avindra 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo map the phosphoproteome and identify changes in the phosphorylation patterns in the HIV‐infected and uninfected brain.Experimental designParietal cortex from individuals with and without HIV infection were lysed and trypsinized. The peptides were labeled with iTRAQ reagents, combined, phospho‐enriched by titanium dioxide chromatography, and analyzed by LC‐MS/MS with high resolution.ResultsOur phosphoproteomic workflow resulted in the identification of 112 phosphorylated proteins and 17 novel phosphorylation sites in all the samples that were analyzed. The phosphopeptide sequences were searched for kinase substrate motifs, which revealed potential kinases involved in important signaling pathways. The site‐specific phosphopeptide quantification showed that peptides from neurofilament medium polypeptide, myelin basic protein, and 2′‐3′‐cyclic nucleotide‐3′ phosphodiesterase have relatively higher phosphorylation levels during HIV infection.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis study has enriched the global phosphoproteome knowledge of the human brain by detecting novel phosphorylation sites on neuronal proteins and identifying differentially phosphorylated brain proteins during HIV infection. Kinases that lead to unusual phosphorylations could be therapeutic targets for the treatment of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders.
Omega‐3 supplementation during pregnancy to prevent recurrent intrauterine growth restriction: systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Saccone G. , Berghella V. , Maruotti G. M. , Sarno L. , Martinelli P. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of omega‐3 supplementation during pregnancy in preventing intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in women with apparently uncomplicated singleton pregnancy and previous IUGR pregnancy.MethodsFor this systematic review, the research protocol was designed a priori. Searches were performed in electronic databases for studies published from inception of each database to December 2014. A combination of search terms was used including ‘fish oil’, ‘long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids’, ‘intrauterine growth restriction’, ‘small for gestational age’ and ‘omega‐3’. We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy and a prior IUGR pregnancy who were randomized to receive prophylactic treatment with omega‐3 supplementation or either placebo or no treatment (control). Trials that included women with multiple gestations and those with only biochemical outcomes available were excluded. Pooled estimates were based on relative risk (RR) with 95% CI. Primary outcome was incidence of IUGR as defined in the RCTs.ResultsThree RCTs including 575 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy with prior IUGR were analyzed. Women who received omega‐3 supplementation during pregnancy had the same incidence of IUGR, defined as estimated fetal weight < 5th or < 3rd centiles, as had controls (22.8% vs 20.2%, respectively; RR, 1.13 (95% CI, 0.83–1.54)). Compared to controls, women who received omega‐3 supplementation delivered later (mean difference, 1.4 (95% CI, 1.28–1.63) weeks), had a longer latency (mean difference, 2 (95% CI, 1.73–2.08) weeks), had a similar incidence of perinatal death (2.1% vs 3.3%, respectively; RR, 0.60 (95% CI, 0.15–2.42)) and similar birth weight (mean difference, 50 g (95% CI, −26 to 246 g)).ConclusionsOmega‐3 supplementation during pregnancy does not prevent recurrence of IUGR in women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy and a previous IUGR pregnancy. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Forecasting Groundwater Level by Artificial Neural Networks as an Alternative Approach to Groundwater Modeling
Authors: Chitsazan Manouchehr , Rahmani Gholamreza , Neyamadpour Ahmad 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to apply feed forward back propagation neural network (FNN) to predict groundwater level of Aghili plain, which is located in southwestern Iran. An optimal design is completed for the two hidden layers with four different algorithms: descent with momentum (GDM), Levenberg Marquardt (LM), resilient back propagation (RP), and scaled conjugate gradient (SCG). The training data for ANN is obtained from observation data. Rain, evaporation, relative humidity, temperature, discharge of irrigation canal, and groundwater recharge from the plain boundary were used in input layer while future groundwater level was used as output layer. Before training, the available data were divided into three groups, according to hydrogeological characteristics of different parts of the plain surrounding each piezometer. Statistical analysis in terms of Mean-Square-Error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R) was used to investigate the prediction performance of ANN. FFN-LM algorithm has shown best result in the present study for all three hydrogeological groups. Now, to predict water level, the t time data (October 2003 to July 2009) and t+1 time data (October 2004 to July 2010) were used as input and output respectively. The best condition of this network was achieved for each group of data. Next, with defining the new input data related to August 2010 to January 2011 groundwater level was predicted for the following year. The achieved results of ANN model in contrast with results of finite difference model showed very high accuracy of artificial neural network in predicting groundwater level.
New Finding of Coal in Western Escarpment of Mainpat Plateau, Surguja District, Chhattisgarh
Authors: Patel D. R. , Chauhan G. R. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Mainpat plateau (N22°41′00″ to 22°55’ 00″ and E 83°08′00″ to 83°25′00″) is a table-land, rising &gt;400 m above foothills, consisting of Archaean rocks (granite-gneisses, phyllite etc), Gondwana formations and Deccan basalt. Archaean rocks occur at the foot hills of Mainpat and Gondwana formations are exposed in the western escarpment of Mainpat plateau in turn overlain by the basaltic rock of Deccan Traps at the top. Barakar Formation contains coal seams from few cm to ~9 m are exposed near Chitaghutri, Kodwari, Tirkela, Tekta etc. villages of Lakhanpur tehsil of Surguja district, covered in Survey of India, Toposheet 64 N/1.
Coal present in the area contains high volatile matters and high ash in the different seams in different localities. Analysis shows that coal of this area ranges between C and E grade with useful heat value varying from 3461 to 5223 K Cal/kg. This recently discovered area is located between Hasdo –Arand and Mand-Raigarh coalfields. Coal bearing horizon seems to be persistent, beneath the Deccan Traps.
Quality of Life Enhancement Programme for Individuals with Mood Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Chen Yun-Ling , Pan Ay-Woan , Hsiung Ping-Chuan , Chung Lyinn 
Published: May 2015

Objective/Background To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of the Quality of Life Enhancement Programme (QOLEP) for individuals with mood disorder. Methods Twenty-one individuals with mood disorder were recruited from psychiatric rehabilitation centres in Taipei City and were randomly assigned to either the treatment group (N = 11) or the control group (N = 10). The treatment group received an 8-week QOLEP. The control group received only “phone contact”, which included support for everyday situations pertaining to daily life and emotions. The primary outcome measure was evaluating improvements in quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF-Taiwan version questionnaire. The feasibility of the intervention was assessed by the recruitment rate, dropout rate of the participants, and by its content and delivery. The content and delivery were assessed by the group satisfaction questionnaire. The mixed-effects linear model was applied to analyze the efficacy of QOLEP. Results The individuals who participated in the eight-session QOLEP showed significant improvement in their level of depression compared with the control group [pre vs. post, treatment group: 25.8 (19.2) vs. 17.8 (13.1); control group: 13.3 (17.3) vs. 13.3 (14.4)]. The criteria of feasibility were met in this study. Most of the participants were satisfied with engaging in the QOLEP activities within a supportive environment. Conclusion The participants who received the 8-week QOLEP demonstrated significant improvement in the level of depression. Studies with a sample size of at least 104 participants are recommended in the future.
Effects of Crossed Brassiere Straps on Pain, Range of Motion, and Electromyographic Activity of Scapular Upward Rotators in Women With Scapular Downward Rotation Syndrome
Authors: Kang Min‐Hyeok , Choi Ji‐Young , Oh Jae‐seop 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundScapular downward rotation syndrome manifests as an abnormally downward‐rotated scapula at rest or with arm motion and typically results in neck and shoulder pain. The brassiere strap has been suggested as a possible contributing factor to scapula downward rotation and pain in the upper trapezius because of increased downward rotational force on the lateral aspect of the scapula. No study, however, has examined the influences of a modified brassiere strap on pain in and the function of the scapular muscles.ObjectiveTo examine the effects of crossed brassiere straps on the pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the upper trapezius, neck rotation range of motion (ROM), and electromyographic activity of the scapular upward rotators in females with scapular downward rotation syndrome.DesignCross‐over design.SettingLaboratory.ParticipantsIn total, 15 female subjects with scapular downward rotation syndrome were recruited at hospitals and a local university.MethodsAll participants performed neck rotation and humeral elevation under 2 different conditions: parallel and crossed brassiere straps.Main outcome measurementsThe PPT of the upper trapezius was measured using an analog algometer, whereas neck rotation ROM was quantified with a 3‐dimensional ultrasonic motion analysis system. The electromyographic activities of the upper trapezius, serratus anterior, and lower trapezius during humeral elevation were assessed with a surface electromyography system. Outcome measures were assessed under parallel and crossed brassiere strap conditions, and differences in outcomes between the conditions were analyzed using a paired t‐test.ResultsThe PPT and neck rotation ROM were increased when the subject was wearing the brassiere with crossed versus parallel straps (P < .001). Greater electromyographic activities of the serratus anterior, lower trapezius, and lesser upper trapezius muscles during humeral elevation were found under the crossed strap condition than the parallel strap condition (P < .05).ConclusionsThese findings provide useful information for clinicians when designing management programs to decrease pain and improve biomechanical function for females with scapular downward rotation syndrome.
Why Stay? Forced Labor, the Correia Report, and Portuguese–South African Competition at the Angola–Namibia Border, 1917–1939
Authors: Keese Alexander 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe so far unknown report by Norberto Correia, Portuguese administrator of the Baixo-Cunene border district, is an impressive document on forced labor and flight at the Angola-Namibia border, written by a controversial official fallen into disgrace after a regime change in the metropole. Correia’s acerbic and detailed analysis allows fresh interpretations of a border situation that is only at first glance well-known. By contrasting the Correia report with documentation from South African officials and the voices of their Ovambo partners in indirect rule, we come to clearer understanding of motivations and options at this unruly colonial border.
Fractures and Fragments: Finding Postcolonial Histories of Guinea in Local Archives
Authors: Straussberger John 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUsing my experience working in the Regional Archives of Labé (Guinea), this essay examines the importance of using local archives to write political histories of postcolonial Africa. In doing so, I argue that the fractured and fragmentary nature of the postcolonial holdings of archives – often cited as a hurdle to writing histories of Africa after independence – is in fact the product of the states that (sometimes inadequately) maintain these repositories. As such, these “imperfect” archives should be approached as an opportunity to examine the local practice of statehood in postcolonial Africa.
Evaluation of the Quality of Reprocessing of Gastrointestinal Endoscopes
Authors: Saviuc Philippe , Picot-Guéraud Romain , Shum Cheong Sing Jacqueline , Batailler Pierre , Pelloux Isabelle , Brenier-Pinchart Marie-Pierre , Dobremez Valérie , Mallaret Marie-Reine 
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the quality of gastrointestinal endoscope reprocessing and discuss the advantages of microbiological surveillance testing of these endoscopes.METHODSRetrospective analysis of the results of endoscope sampling performed from October 1, 2006, through December 31, 2014, in a gastrointestinal endoscopy unit of a teaching hospital equipped with 89 endoscopes and 3 automated endoscope reprocessors, with an endoscopy quality assurance program in place. The compliance rate was defined as the proportion of the results classified at target or alert levels according to the French guidelines. A multivariate analysis (logistic regression) was used to identify the parameters influencing compliance.RESULTSA total of 846 samples were taken. The overall compliance rate was 86% and differed significantly depending on the sampling context (scheduled or not scheduled), the type of endoscope, and the season. No other parameter was associated with compliance. A total of 118 samples carried indicator microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacteriaceae, and Candida sp.CONCLUSIONThe systematic use of an automated endoscope reprocessor does not provide totally satisfactory compliance. Microbiological surveillance is indispensable to monitor reprocessing, reinforce good practices (endoscopes, reprocessing units), and detect endoscopes requiring early technical maintenance.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(9):1017–1023