bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The perception and use of chaperones by Nigerian gynecologists
Authors: Nkwo Peter O. , Chigbu Chibuike O. , Ajah Leonard O. , Okoro Onyemaechi S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine how Nigerian gynecologists perceive and use chaperones during intimate gynecologic examinations.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of Nigerian gynecologists was conducted with the aid of self‐administered, semi‐structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsIn all, 97.6% of respondents considered the use of a chaperone necessary during intimate gynecologic examinations and recommended that the Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Nigeria (SOGON) should endorse the routine offer of chaperones for such examinations. However, just 35.9% of male physicians always or often used chaperones, while 76.9% of female physicians used chaperones only under special circumstances. No female physician always or often used a chaperone during pelvic examination. The main obstacles to the use of chaperones were scarcity of personnel to serve in this capacity (87.6%) and patients’ refusal to be examined in the presence of a third party (12.4%).ConclusionMost Nigerian gynecologists use chaperones at least some of the time and also support a policy of routinely offering chaperones during intimate gynecologic examination while respecting patients’ right to decline this offer. Scarcity of personnel to serve as chaperones is the greatest challenge to the implementation of this policy.
On the global nonlinear stability of a near-critical swirling flow in a long finite-length pipe and the path to vortex breakdown
Authors: Rusak Z. , Wang S. , Xu L. , Taylor S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe dynamics of a perturbed incompressible, inviscid, axisymmetric, near-critical swirling flow in a long, finite-length, straight, circular pipe is studied through a weakly nonlinear analysis. The flow is subjected to non-periodic inlet and outlet conditions. The long-wave approach involves a rescaling of the axial distance and time. It results in a separation of the perturbation’s structure into a critical standing wave in the radial direction and an evolving wave in the axial direction, that is described by a nonlinear model problem. The approach is first validated by establishing the bifurcation of non-columnar states from the critical swirl and the linear stability modes of these states. Examples of the flow dynamics at various near-critical swirl levels in response to different initial perturbations demonstrate the important role of the nonlinear steepening terms in perturbation dynamics. The computed dynamics shows quantitative agreement with results from numerical simulations that are based on the axisymmetric Euler equations for various swirl levels and as long as perturbations are small, thereby verifying the accuracy of each computation and capturing the essence of flow dynamics. Results demonstrate the various stages of the flow dynamics, specifically during the transition to vortex breakdown states. They reveal the evolution of faster-than-exponential and shape-changing modes as perturbations grow into the vortex breakdown process. These explosive modes provide the sudden and abrupt nature of the vortex breakdown phenomenon. Further analysis of the model problem shows the important role of the nonlinear evolution of perturbations and its relevance to the transfer of the perturbation’s kinetic energy between the boundaries and flow bulk, the evolution of perturbations in practical concentrated vortex flows, and the design of control methods of vortex flows. A robust feedback control method to stabilize a solid-body rotation flow in a pipe at a wide range of swirl levels above critical is developed. The applicability of this method to stabilizing medium and small core-size vortices is also discussed.
Exact Floquet theory for waves over arbitrary periodic topographies
Authors: Yu Jie , Howard Louis N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe consider linear waves propagating over periodic topographies of arbitrary amplitude and wave form, generalizing the method in Howard & Yu (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 593, 2007, pp. 209–234). By a judicious construction of a conformal map from the flow domain to a uniform strip, exact solutions of Floquet type can be developed in the mapped plane. These Floquet solutions, in an essentially analytical form, are analogous to the complete set of flat-bottom propagating and evanescent waves. Therefore they can be used as a basis for the solutions of boundary value problems involving a wavy topography with a constant mean water depth. Various concrete examples are given and quantitative results are discussed. Comparisons with experimental data are made, and qualitative agreement is achieved.
Effects of acute consumption of a fruit and vegetable purée-based drink on vasodilation and oxidative status
Authors: George Trevor W. , Waroonphan Saran , Niwat Chutamat , Gordon Michael H. , Lovegrove Julie A. 
Published: September 2012

Epidemiological studies indicate that diets rich in fruits and vegetables (F&V) are protective against CVD. Puréed F&V products retain many beneficial components, including flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamin C and dietary fibres. The present study aimed to establish the physiological effects of acute ingestion of a F&V purée-based drink (FVPD) on vasodilation, antioxidant status, phytochemical bioavailability and other CVD risk factors. A total of twenty-four subjects, aged 30–70 years, completed the randomised, single-blind, controlled, crossover test meal study. Subjects consumed 400 ml of the FVPD, or a fruit-flavoured sugar-matched control, after following a low-flavonoid diet for 5 d. Blood and urine samples were collected throughout the study day, and vascular reactivity was assessed at 90 min intervals using laser Doppler iontophoresis. The FVPD significantly increased plasma vitamin C (P= 0·002) and total nitrate/nitrite (P= 0·001) concentrations. There was a near significant time by treatment effect onex vivoLDL oxidation (P= 0·068), with a longer lag phase after consuming the FVPD. During the 6 h after juice consumption, the antioxidant capacity of plasma increased significantly (P= 0·003) and there was a simultaneous increase in plasma and urinary phenolic metabolites (P< 0·05). There were significantly lower glucose and insulin peaks after ingestion of the FVPD compared with control (P= 0·019 and 0·003) and a trend towards increased endothelium-dependent vasodilation following FVPD consumption (P= 0·061). Overall, FVPD consumption significantly increased plasma vitamin C and total nitrate/nitrite concentrations, with a trend towards increased endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Puréed F&V products are useful vehicles for increasing micronutrient status, plasma antioxidant capacity andin vivoNO generation, which may contribute to CVD risk reduction.
What Darwin did not see: Pleistocene fossil assemblages on a high-energy coast at Ponta das Bicudas, Santiago, Cape Verde Islands
Authors: BAARLI B. GUDVEIG , SANTOS ANA G. , MAYORAL EDUARDO J. , LEDESMA-VÁZQUEZ JORGE , JOHNSON MARKES E. , DA SILVA CARLOS M. , CACHÃO MÁRIO 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTwo distinct Pleistocene assemblages from SE Santiago Island are comparable to modern analogues elsewhere in the Cape Verde Islands. A low-diversity Siderastrea radians assemblage lived atop basalt knobs surrounded by sand on a slope below a cliff. A Millepora alcicornis–Megabalanus azoricus assemblage occupied the cliff. The latter was a typical rocky-shore assemblage from a high-energy setting below the tidal zone. Bioerosion structures in basalt produced by Circolites kotoncensis and Gastrochaenolites isp. also occur there. Despite extensive studies on local limestone deposits in 1832 and 1836, lack of exposure prevented Darwin from seeing these fossils.
“Resolved That the Mind of Woman Is Not Inferior to That of Man”: Women's Oratorical Preparation in California State Normal School Coeducational Literary Societies in the Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Bordelon Suzanne 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Complicating claims about the decline of oratorical culture in the nineteenth century, this article demonstrates that rhetorical training was integral to the coeducational literary societies at California State Normal School in the 1870s and 1890s and that women benefited from such education. The societies were based on assumptions of relative equality between the sexes, fostering the development of teachers who would serve as powerful public speakers and leaders within their communities. This study also challenges arguments concerning the feminization of argumentation in the nineteenth century by highlighting the centrality of debate to the societies and the ways this argument overlooks such activities.
Causality between wholesale price and consumer price indices in India
Authors: Tiwari Aviral Kumar 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to attempt to analyze Granger causality in the frequency domain framework between producers' prices measured by wholesale price index (WPI) and consumers' prices measured by consumer price index (CPI) in the context of India.Design/methodology/approachAnalysis was carried out in the framework of time series and for analysis Johansen and Juselius's maximum likelihood approach for cointegration was applied after confirming that variables are integrated of order one, i.e. I(1) through the Lee and Strazicich unit root test. Finally, Granger causality was tested in the frequency domain by utilizing a recently developed approach of Lemmens et al. over the period January 1957‐February 2009.FindingsThe paper finds that CPI Granger cause WPI at a lower, intermediate as well as higher levels of frequency, reflecting very long‐run, intermediate as well as short‐run cycles. By contrast WPI Granger cause CPI at 5 percent level of significance was found at intermediate frequencies, reflecting significant intermediate cycles.Research limitations/implicationsThe study reveals that CPI is a leading indicator of producers' prices and inflation (i.e. WPI). This gives an indication that Indian policy analysts ought to control for factors affecting CPI in order to have control on WPI since WPI is used for making various macroeconomic indicators in real terms.Originality/valueThe main contribution of the paper is to show the evidence of bidirectional causality between WPI and CPI. Furthermore, use of a recent approach developed by Lemmens et al. for Granger causality in the frequency domain in this study is also relatively new. To the best of the author's knowledge there is no such study in this area either for developed or developing economy to date.
Global production sharing and South‐South trade
Authors: Athukorala Prema‐chandra , Nasir Shahbaz 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine patterns and determinants of trade among developing countries (South‐South trade), with emphasis on the role of production sharing in global economic integration of the Southern economies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins with an analytical narrative of the emerging trends and patterns of South‐South trade using a classification system that helps delineating trade based on global production sharing (network trade) from total recorded trade. Then it undertakes a comparative econometric analysis of the determinants of South‐South and South‐North trade using the standard gravity model.FindingsThe share of South‐South trade in world trade has shown a significant increase over the past two decades. This increase has predominantly come from the dynamic East Asian countries, reflecting their growing engagement in global production sharing. The growth dynamism of East‐Asia centered production networks depends heavily on demand for final (assembled) goods in the Northern markets; South‐South trade is largely complementary to, rather than competing with, South‐North trade. While regional trading agreements (RTAs) could play a role at the margin, natural economic forces associated with growth and structural change in the economy and the overall macroeconomic climate as reflected in the real exchange rate, and the quality of trade related logistics are far more important in the expansion of South‐South network trade.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine patterns and determinants of South‐South trade paying attention to the role of global production sharing. The findings are valuable for informing the contemporary policy debate on promoting South‐South trade. The trade data classification system developed here is expected to help further research on this subject.
FDI agglomeration change in China
Authors: Pan Mingming 
Published: September 2012

PurposeNo previous research has considered the changing agglomeration effect of foreign direct investment (FDI). The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap in the literature.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses China as the object of study and examines the centripetal and centrifugal forces associated with FDI clustering over time.FindingsThrough studying the FDI determinants for the 29 Chinese provinces from 1993 to 2008, the empirical analysis supports a weakening agglomeration effect of FDI over time in China and further suggests that the effect has nearly vanished in the past few years.Research limitations/implicationsData availability restricts the analysis to using provincial aggregate data and so further research is called for. It would provide more accurate and insightful information to study the FDI agglomeration effects at a finer level, using more disaggregated city‐level data by sector and by source country.Originality/valueAs the Chinese government has been making efforts to direct FDI to inland areas, this research provides immediate policy implications. Policy‐makers' investment incentives to direct FDI could go to waste when the agglomeration effect of FDI is too strong. The incentives should be able to achieve a much larger effect when the agglomeration effect becomes less strong.
Workers' remittances and economic growth in China and Korea: an empirical analysis
Authors: Tehseen Jawaid Syed , Raza Syed Ali 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThis purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between workers' remittances and economic growth in China and Korea.Design/methodology/approachThis paper has employed annual time series data over the period of 1980 to 2009. Johansen and Jeuuselius's cointegration technique, error correction model, and sensitivity analysis have been performed to analyze the long‐run, short‐run relationships and robustness of the results, respectively.FindingsCointegration results confirm that there exists significant positive long‐run relationship between remittances and economic growth in Korea, while, significant negative relationship exist between remittances and economic growth in China. Error correction model confirms the significant positive short‐run relationship of workers' remittances with economic growth in Korea, while the results of China were insignificant in short run. Causality analysis confirms unidirectional causality runs from workers' remittances to economic growth, in both China and Korea. Sensitivity analysis confirms that the results are robust.Practical implicationsIt is suggested that Korea should form friendly policies to ensure the continuous inflows of workers' remittances and their efficient utilization to ensure economic growth. On the other hand, China should keep an eye to reducing voluntary unemployment, which leads to decrease in productivity and growth in the country.Originality/valueThe paper provides some empirical evidence of whether workers' remittances have contributed significantly to large open economies.
Corporate governance and access to interest bearing debt
Authors: Aldamen Husam , Duncan Keith 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the growing body of literature on the impact of corporate governance on debt contracting by examining if better governance is associated with access to interest bearing debt. The paper aims to explore whether no‐debt companies have governance structures that are qualitatively different to debt companies within a market with a distinct corporate finance structure, such as Australia.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is portioned into two stages. The first stage focuses on univariate analysis which includes descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The second stage introduces multivariate analysis, in the form of a probit regression model, to test the relationship between corporate governance and access to interest bearing debt.FindingsThe results suggest that companies with higher levels of corporate governance are more likely to access interest bearing debt relative to no‐debt companies. However, the unexpected finding is that only resource companies that implement higher governance are more likely to access interest bearing debt. The core driver is that resource companies with no‐debt have systematically lower governance than all other companies.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross – sectional design of the study is limited in its ability to shed light on the question of causality. One potential avenue is to develop an event study around the timing of governance and debt access changes.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the extant literature by investigating the relationship between governance and access to interest bearing debt in the understudied Australian debt market.
The International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium‐sized Entities (IFRS for SMES)
Authors: Aboagye‐Otchere Francis , Agbeibor Juliet 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the suitability of the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium‐sized Entities (IFRS for SMES) for small businesses (micro entities and SMEs) in Ghana by assessing their need for the IFRS for SMEs and the appropriateness of the IFRS for SMEs as the accounting standard of choice for small businesses in Ghana. The paper also aims to investigate the firm characteristics likely to influence small businesses' need for the Standard and the appropriateness of the Standard for small businesses.Design/methodology/approachThe survey method was used. A questionnaire survey of 305 small businesses was conducted, from which 149 useable questionnaires were returned.FindingsIt was found that small businesses in Ghana have limited international structures and activities which do not result in a need for internationally comparable financial reporting information. Small businesses also do not receive requests to provide such information. In total, 19 of the 27 issues addressed by the Standard and assessed in the study were found to be irrelevant to small businesses in Ghana. Size, legal form and number of owners influence the suitability of the Standard for small businesses in Ghana.Originality/valueThe paper provides some of the early empirical evidence on the final version of the IFRS for SMEs in Africa. The study also brings a fresh perspective by applying institutional theory to the adoption and implementation of the IFRS for SMEs.
A meta‐analysis of humanitarian logistics research
Authors: Kunz Nathan , Reiner Gerald 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to give an up‐to‐date and structured insight into the most recent literature on humanitarian logistics, and suggest trends for future research based on the gaps identified through structured content analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a quantitative and qualitative content analysis process to analyse the characteristics of the existing literature, identifying the most studied topics in six structural dimensions, and presenting gaps and recommendations for further research.FindingsIt was found that existing humanitarian logistics research shows too little interest in continuous humanitarian aid operations, in slow onset disasters and man‐made catastrophes. While several papers address different phases of disasters, very few focus particularly on the reconstruction following a disaster. Empirical research is underrepresented in the existing literature as well.Research limitations/implicationsWhile five of the authors’ structural dimensions are inspired by previous reviews, the sixth dimension (situational factors) is derived from a theoretical framework which the authors developed and which has never been tested before. The validity of the study could therefore be increased by testing this framework.Originality/valueThe authors analyse the broadest set of papers (174) ever covered in previous literature reviews on humanitarian logistics. A quantitative analysis of the papers was conducted in order to analyse the situational factors which have mostly been studied so far in literature. This paper is also the first in humanitarian logistics to use content analysis as the main methodology to analyse literature in a structured way, which is of particular value to the academic community as well as practitioners.
Humanitarian cluster leads: lessons from 4PLs
Authors: Jensen Leif‐Magnus 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve the understanding of the role of humanitarian cluster leads through applying lessons from the fourth‐party logistics (4PL) literature.Design/methodology/approachThe primary data for this paper are based on an extensive case study of coordination mechanisms in humanitarian logistics covering specifically the UNJLC (United Nations Joint Logistics Centre) and the Logistics Cluster. In total, 37 semi‐structured interviews were conducted, together with site visits and review of official documentation.FindingsThe paper finds that the 4PL concept provides a partial match for the cluster leads with important lessons from the 4PL literature. In particular, lessons are related to selectivity of central participants for the cluster, and the need to develop relationship management skills.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper shows some clear areas where lessons from the 4PL literature are highly relevant to the logistics cluster lead. Some of these implications can also be applied to the other clusters, but further concepts should be developed for the cluster system as a whole.Social implicationsThe analysis shows that cluster leads should think of themselves more as facilitators rather than channel captains.Originality/valueThe tasks for the humanitarian cluster leads have been outlined in some detail, but the ways to accomplish them and how they should operate in relation to other actors in the field has been less clear. By using the 4PL concept the paper demonstrates a number of lessons that are relevant to the logistics cluster lead in particular.