bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of airway pressure release ventilation in a child with refractory hepatopulmonary syndrome after liver transplantation
Authors: Jenkins Julia K. , Gebergzabher Yodit D. , Island Eddie R. , Habashi Nader , Hauser Gabriel J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHPS is a life‐threatening condition in patients with end‐stage liver disease, in which intrapulmonary vascular dilatations result in intrapulmonary shunts and hypoxemia. The only successful treatment is liver transplantation. Hypoxemia may be severe prior to transplantation; however, it can worsen or become refractory after liver transplantation and result in increased post‐operative mortality. Here, we present the case of a 10‐month‐old female infant with progressive end‐stage liver disease and severe HPS, who developed refractory hypoxemia after a successful liver transplantation. After 19 days of unsuccessful attempts to reverse the hypoxemia using conventional mechanical ventilation and HFOV, the patient responded dramatically to APRV, with rapid improvement in her PaO2 and sharp decline in her OI. She was able to begin weaning from APRV two days later and was extubated within seven days. APRV was successful in treating refractory hypoxemia in this patient with severe HPS after liver transplantation, possibly by modifying distribution of pulmonary blood flow. Although we cannot rule out coincidental natural resolution of the HPS, APRV could be a useful rescue therapy in patients with HPS and refractory hypoxemia.
MRI validated echocardiographic technique to measure total cardiac volume: A tool for donor–recipient size matching in pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Camarda Joseph , Saudek David , Tweddell James , Mitchell Michael , Woods Ronald , Otto Michelle , Simpson Pippa , Stendahl Gail , Berger Stuart , Zangwill Steven 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOur aim is to develop and validate an accurate method for estimating TCV using standard echocardiographic imaging that can be easily employed to aid in donor–recipient size matching in pediatric heart transplantation. Thirty patients who underwent Echo and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) were identified. TCV was measured on cMRI. TCV was determined echocardiographically by two methods: a volume measurement using the modified Simpson's method on a four‐chamber view of the heart; and a calculated volume measurement which assumed a true‐elliptical shape of the heart. These two methods where compared with the value obtained by cMRI using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). TCV by method 1 correlated well with cMRI (CCC = 0.98%, CI = 0.97, 0.99). TCV by method 2 had a CCC = 0.90 (CI = 0.9464, 0.9716) when compared to cMRI. Left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV) also correlated as a predictor of TCV in patients with structurally normal hearts and could be described by the equation: TCV = 6.6 (LVEDV) + 12 (R2 = 0.97). Echocardiographic assessment of TCV for recipients and their potential donors is a simple process and can be prospectively applied as part of donor evaluation.
Intellectual disability and impact on oral health: a paired study
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Santos , Prado Júnior Raimundo Rosendo , de Sousa Lima Kássio Rafael , de Oliveira Amaral Heylane , Moita Neto José Machado , Mendes Regina Ferraz 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective was to assess the oral health status, the treatment needed, and the type of dental health services access of intellectually disabled (ID) subjects in Teresina, Brazil. The sample consisted of 103 ID subjects matriculated in centers for special needs people and 103 siblings. Results were analyzed using paired t‐test, chi‐square test, and odds ratio. ID subjects had fair (63.1%; p < .001) and their siblings had a good oral hygiene (n = 103 [55.3%]; p < .005). ID had more decayed (3.52; p < .005), and missing teeth (1.17; p = .001), fewer dental restorations (1.67; p = .012) and had a greater need for tooth extraction (21.4%; p = .002) than their siblings. Thirty percent of ID subjects had never received dental treatment and had difficulty accessing public health services. Their treatment needs were, therefore, higher than non‐ID subjects. The access to oral health services was unsatisfactory, thus it is important to implement educational and health promotion inclusion policies for people with ID.
Nested or Networked? Future Directions for Ecological Systems Theory
Authors: Neal Jennifer Watling , Neal Zachary P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory (EST) is among the most widely adopted theoretical frameworks for studying individuals in ecological contexts. In its traditional formulation, different levels of ecological systems are viewed as nested within one another. In this article, we use Simmel's notion of intersecting social circles and Bronfenbrenner's earlier writing on social networks to develop an alternative ‘networked’ model that instead views ecological systems as an overlapping arrangement of structures, each directly or indirectly connected to the others by the direct and indirect social interactions of their participants. We redefine each of the systems discussed byEST—micro, meso, exo, macro, and chrono—based on patterns of social interaction, and then illustrate how this alternative model might be applied in the classic context of the developing child. We conclude by discussing future directions for how the networked model ofESTcan be applied as a conceptual framework, arguing that this approach offers developmental researchers with a more precise and flexible way to think about ecological contexts. We also offer some initial suggestions for moving a networkedESTmodel from theory to method.
Children Selectively Trust Individuals Who Have Imitated Them
Authors: Over Harriet , Carpenter Malinda , Spears Russell , Gattis Merideth 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe investigated the influence of being imitated on children's subsequent trust. Five‐ to six‐year‐olds interacted with one experimenter who mimicked their choices and another experimenter who made different choices. Children were then presented with two tests. In a preference test, the experimenters offered conflicting preferences for the contents of two opaque boxes, and children were asked to choose a box. In a factual claims test, the experimenters offered conflicting claims about the referent for a novel word, and children were asked to state which object the word referred to. Children were significantly more likely to endorse both the preferences and the factual claims of the experimenter who had mimicked them. These results demonstrate that imitation is a powerful means of social influence in development.
Patterns of Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Young Adolescents in Singapore
Authors: Pang Joyce S. , Ang Rebecca P. , Kom Dennis M. Y. , Tan Ser Hong , Chiang Aaron Q. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe authors investigated the patterns of reactive and proactive aggression exhibited by young male (N = 604) and female (N = 544) adolescents in Singapore. Self‐report measures of reactive and proactive aggression, behavioral and emotional adjustment, parenting styles, and delinquency were administered to students aged 13–14. Using cluster analysis, three distinct patterns of aggression emerged: a low aggressive group, a combined aggressive group with high reactive and proactive aggression, and a reactively aggressive group with low proactive and high reactive aggression. The two aggressive groups showed similar disturbances in adjustment and delinquency, but the combined group showed the greatest disruptions. Findings indicate cross‐cultural stability of patterns of aggression as well as the usefulness of the reactive/proactive distinction in early identification of individuals with adjustment problems.
Cost‐effectiveness of nurse‐led versus doctor‐led antiretroviral treatment in South Africa: pragmatic cluster randomised trial
Authors: Barton Garry R. , Fairall Lara , Bachmann Max O. , Uebel Kerry , Timmerman Venessa , Lombard Carl , Zwarenstein Merrick 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the cost‐effectiveness of nurse‐led versus doctor‐led antiretroviral treatment (ART) forHIV‐infected people.DesignCost‐effectiveness analysis alongside a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial in 31 primary care clinics (16 intervention, 15 controls) in Free State Province, South Africa. Participants wereHIV‐infected patients, aged ≥16 years. Cohort 1 (CD4 count ≤350 cells/μl, not yet receivingARTat enrolment): consisted of 5 390 intervention patients and 3 862 controls; Cohort 2 (already receivedARTfor ≥6 months at enrolment) of 3 029 intervention patients and 3 202 controls. Nurses were authorised and trained to initiate and represcribeART. Management andARTprovision were decentralised to primary care clinics. In control clinics, doctors initiated and re‐prescribedART, nurses monitoredART. Main outcome measure(s) were health service costs, death (cohort 1) and undetectable viral load (<400 copies/ml) (cohort 2) during the 12 months after enrolment.ResultsFor Cohort 1, the intervention had an estimated incremental cost ofUS$102.52, an incremental effect of 0.42% fewer deaths and an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) ofUS$24 500 per death averted. For Cohort 2, the intervention had an estimated incremental cost ofUS$59.48, an incremental effect of 0.47% more undetectable viral loads and anICERofUS$12 584 per undetectable viral load.ConclusionsNurse‐ledARTwas associated with higher mean health service costs than doctor‐led care, with small effects on primary outcomes, and a high associated level of uncertainty. Given this, and the shortage of doctors, further implementation of nurse‐ledARTshould be considered, although this may increase health service costs.
Joint effects of biotic and abiotic stressors on winter wheat suppression of Bromus tectorum
Authors: Orloff N , Miller Z J , Menalled F D , Burrows M E , Mangold J M 
Published: March 2013

SummaryIn winter wheat systems in the Northern Great Plains of the United States, Bromus tectorum and wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) commonly co‐occur. While independent effects of these pests on wheat yields have been well documented, to our knowledge, no study has investigated whether WSMV modifies interactions between wheat and B. tectorum. Furthermore, the impact that environmental stressors such as nutrient availability have on these interactions has not been addressed. We conducted a randomised split‐plot field study over 2 years to investigate the effects of WSMV and nitrate (N) availability on winter wheat suppression of Bromus tectorum. The study included four N treatments (10–19, 20–31, 31–84, and 85–207 kg ha−1) and two WSMV treatments (mechanically inoculated or control). Increasing soil N increased the susceptibility of wheat to WSMV infection. In 2009, wheat in the lowest and highest N levels had 24% and 65% of plants infected respectively. However, regression analysis indicated that interactive effects of wheat competition, N and WSMV did not play a consistent role in B. tectorum growth. Specifically, the effect of both wheat density and distance from row on B. tectorum biomass remained constant across inoculation treatments, suggesting that wheat inoculated with WSMV suppressed B. tectorum as effectively as healthy wheat. Furthermore, wheat had a greater impact on B. tectorum growth in higher N environments, even though incidence of WSMV infection in wheat was highest. Overall, our results suggest that WSMV infection may not change the ability of wheat to suppress B. tectorum.
The Temporary Work Revolution: The Shift from Jobs that Solve Poverty to Jobs that Make Poverty
Authors: Van Arsdale David G. 
Published: March 2013

Temporary Workers Dispatched from True Blue Staffing to Construction Site © David G. Van ArsdalegraphicTemporary Workers Dispatched from True Blue Staffing to Construction Site © David G. Van ArsdaleThe creation of new jobs will not fix the problem of growing poverty in this era, now at record highs according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Today, nearly half of all jobs created are the source of poverty, the consequence of a shift to temporary employment standards, a trend beginning in the early 1970s and growing exponentially since the 2008 recession. In the immediate years following the recession, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics () reported that over 90 percent of all work created was temporary, increasing the scope, revenue, and capital investments in the U.S. staffing industry. Numerous studies have shown the jobs of this industry to be insecure by design and primarily low‐wage (Dietz ; Theodore and Peck ; Van Arsdale ). This article explains just how significant the shift to temporary work has been and why temporary staffing, a form of outsourcing labor by the staffing industry, is producing poverty for millions and stagnating wages for everyone, especially in this post‐recession reconstruction. The temporary work revolution marks a radical shift away from the post‐World War II logic that dedication to a job can and should solve poverty. Today, unfortunately, for most workers in the U.S., dedication to one's job cannot resolve one's economic woes. Most new jobs are simply too temporary, part‐time, and low paying.
Cooperative Plasminogen Recruitment to the Surface of Streptococcus canis via M Protein and Enolase Enhances Bacterial Survival
Authors: Fulde Marcus , Rohde Manfred , Polok Andy , Preissner Klaus T. , Chhatwal Gursharan Singh , Bergmann Simone 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTStreptococcus canisis a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing serious invasive diseases in domestic animals and humans. Surface-exposed M proteins and metabolic enzymes have been characterized as major virulence determinants in various streptococcal species. Recently, we have identified SCM, the M-like protein ofS. canis, as the major receptor for miniplasminogen localized on the bacterial surface. The present study now characterizes the glycolytic enzyme enolase as an additional surface-exposed plasminogen-binding protein. According to its zoonotic properties, purifiedS. canisenolase binds to both human and canine plasminogen and facilitates degradation of aggregated fibrin matrices after activation with host-derived urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Unlike SCM, which binds to the C terminus of human plasminogen, theS. canisenolase interacts N terminally with the first four kringle domains of plasminogen, representing angiostatin. Radioactive binding analyses confirmed cooperative plasminogen recruitment to both surface-exposed enolase and SCM. Furthermore, despite the lack of surface protease activity via SpeB inS. canis, SCM is released and reassociated homophilically to surface-anchored SCM and heterophilically to surface-bound plasminogen. In addition to plasminogen-mediated antiphagocytic activity, reassociation of SCM to the bacterial surface significantly enhanced bacterial survival in phagocytosis analyses using human neutrophils.IMPORTANCEStreptococcal infections are a major issue in medical microbiology due to the increasing spread of antibiotic resistances and the limited availability of efficient vaccines. Surface-exposed glycolytic enzymes and M proteins have been characterized as major virulence factors mediating pathogen-host interaction. Since streptococcal infection mechanisms exert a subset of multicombinatorial processes, the investigation of synergistic activities mediated via different virulence factors has become a high priority. Our data clearly demonstrate that plasminogen recruitment to theStreptococcus canissurface via SCM and enolase in combination with SCM reassociation enhances bacterial survival by protecting against phagocytic killing. These data propose a new cooperative mechanism for prevention of phagocytic killing based on the synergistic activity of homophilic and heterophilic SCM binding in the presence of human plasminogen.
Assessing fracture risk in people with MS: a service development study comparing three fracture risk scoring systems
Authors: Dobson Ruth , Leddy Sara Geraldine , Gangadharan Sunay , Giovannoni Gavin 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesSuboptimal bone health is increasingly recognised as an important cause of morbidity. Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been consistently associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fracture. Various fracture risk screening tools have been developed, two of which are in routine use and a further one is MS-specific. We set out to compare the results obtained by these in the MS clinic population.DesignThis was a service development study. The 10-year risk estimates of any fracture and hip fracture generated by each of the algorithms were compared.SettingThe MS clinic at the Royal London Hospital.Participants88 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MS.Outcome measuresMean 10-year overall fracture risk and hip fracture risk were calculated using each of the three fracture risk calculators. The number of interventions that would be required as a result of using each of these tools was also compared.ResultsMean 10-year fracture risk was 4.7%, 2.3% and 7.6% using FRAX, QFracture and the MS-specific calculator, respectively (p<0.0001 for difference). The agreement between risk scoring tools was poor at all levels of fracture risk.ConclusionsThe agreement between these three fracture risk scoring tools is poor in the MS population. Further work is required to develop and validate an accurate fracture risk scoring system for use in MS.Trial registrationThis service development study was approved by the Clinical Effectiveness Department at Barts Health NHS Trust (project registration number 156/12).
Abstract A1: MicroRNAs expression profile associated with radioresistance in lung cancer
Authors: Arechaga-Ocampo Elena , Noriega-Reyes Yamilet , Lopez-Camarillo Cesar , Lopez-Moreno Perla , Perez-Plasencia Carlos , Angeles-Zaragoza Oscar , Herrera Luis A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Lung cancer is the neoplasia with highest incidence and mortality worldwide. One of the strategies of treatment for this tumor type is based on ionizing radiation. Radiation induces cytotoxicity through some mechanisms, including gene expression changes. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been described as one of the molecules that regulate expression genes and may contributes to radioresistance in several tumor types. Global miRNAs expression profiles of radiosensitive and radioresistant lung tumor cells may elucidate the molecular mechanism related to tumoral radioresistance. In order to identify miRNAs associated with innate and acquired radioresistance, we will evaluate the miRNAs expression profiles in two lung carcinoma cell lines and in the same cell lines with acquire radioresistance by fractionated doses radiation treatment. For establish the median lethal dose radiation, H1944 and Calu-1 lung carcinoma cell lines were treated with increasing doses of X-rays (from 2 to 12 Gy). Cell survival, proliferative ability and clonogenic potential postradiation were evaluated. Moreover, we will generate a model of acquired radioresistance by treating lung tumor cells with fractionated doses of 2 Gy X-rays up to total dose of 60 Gy for to evaluate the expression of miRNAs in cells with acquired radioresistance. Results showed differential sensitivity to radiotherapy from lung tumors cells, whit 8 Gy as median lethal dose radiation. For to evaluate the expression of miRNAs during innate response to radiotherapy, total RNA was obtained from tumor cells treated with 8 Gy of X-rays. Additionally, it has been obtained lung tumor cells clones with treatment total doses of 28 Gy in a fractionated radiation scheme. These results will allow compare miRNAs expression during immediate cell response to radiation and those whose expression will modified during fractionated radiation treatment and may be associated with radioresistance acquired, which contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism to radioresistance in lung cancer.
Abstract A10: Prognostic significance of CXCL10/CXCR3 overexpression in mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
Authors: Duruisseaux Michael , Antoine Martine , Rabbe Nathalie , Poulot Virginie , Leprieur Etienne Giroux , Lavolé Armelle , Cadranel Jacques , Wislez Marie 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introduction: The 2004 WHO Pathological classification distinguishes two cytological subtypes of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC): mucinous (M) and non-mucinous (NM). This distinction appears to be relevant in terms of clinical characteristics, prognostic and treatment effectiveness. We attempted to better characterize the molecular profile of M relative to NM.
Experimental procedures: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) supernatants from M-BACs (n = 23) and NM-BACs (n = 11) were analyzed for 30 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, FGF, PDGF, HGF, VEGF, Eotaxin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFNγ, CXCL-1, CXCL-8, CXCL-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α, RANTES, VCAM-1) by Bio-Plex multiplex bead-based assay (BIORAD, Marne la Coquette, France). Cytokines of interest expression was studied on paraffin embedded specimens from surgical specimens (n = 45) using immunochemistry. EGFR and K-ras mutation analysis using direct PCR and Alk overexpression detection using immunochemistry were also performed. Univariate and multivariate analysis by Cox model was undertaken to identify the variables associated with a risk for shortened survival.
Summary of results: Among the 30 chemokines analyzed, CXCL10 was the only one for which concentration was significantly higher in BALF supernatants from M-BAC (n = 23) compared to NM-BAC (n = 11) and control (n = 4) (p = 0.041). The cellular source of CXCL10 was not yet identified while CXCR3, its receptor, was expressed by tumor cells. CXCR3 was more frequently and more intensively expressed in M-BAC (n = 21) than in NM-BAC (n = 24) (52% vs 17%, p=0.023 and 52±16 vs 12±6, p = 0.047, respectively). EGFR mutation was never found in M-BAC (0%, 0/21) while present in 21% (5/24) of NM-BAC (p = 0.026). K-ras mutation and Alk overexpression did not differ between the two subtypes (2/21 vs 1/24, p &gt; 0,05 and 3/21 vs 2/24, p &gt; 0,05, respectively). The expression of CXCR3 was not associated with EGFR or K-ras mutation or Alk overexpression. In univariate analysis, factors associated with shorter survival were CXCL10 BALF concentration (HR=2.615, 95% CI: 1.102–6.206), PS &gt; 0 (HR=1.308, 95% CI: 1.131–1.726) and bilateral extension (HR=2.914, 95% CI: 1.208–7.031). Multivariate analysis did not show any independent prognostic factor.
Conclusions: Our results show a CXCL10/CXCR3 overexpression in M-BAC compared to NM-BAC and suggest an association between CXCL10 overexpression and shorter survival.