bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detoxification of hydrogen sulfide by synthetic heme-model compounds
Authors: Nakagami Atsuki , Mao Qiyue , Horitani Masaki , Kodera Masahito , Kitagishi Hiroaki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide is a lethal toxic gas that disrupts cellular respiration in the mitochondrial system. Currently, no antidote is available for the clinical treatment of hydrogen sulfide poisoning. In this study, we investigated the function of iron(III)porphyrin complexes as hydrogen sulfide scavengers in water and evaluated their potential use as therapeutic agents for hydrogen sulfide poisoning. The compounds, named met-hemoCD-P and met-hemoCD-I, are composed of iron(III)porphyrin complexed with per-methylated b-cyclodextrin dimers that contain a pyridine (met-hemoCD-P) or imidazole axial fifth ligand that is coordinated to Fe(III) (met-hemoCD-I). These compounds formed stable HS–Fe(III) complexes under physiological conditions, with binding constants of 1.2 x 105 and 2.5 x 106 M–1 for met-hemoCD-P and met-hemoCD-I, respectively. The binding constant of met-hemoCD-I was much greater than those reported for native met-hemoglobin and met-myoglobin. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and H2S quantification assays revealed that after SH– was coordinated to met-hemoCD-I, it was efficiently converted to nontoxic sulfite and sulfate ions via homolytic cleavage of the HS–Fe(III) bond followed by aerobic oxidation. Mouse animal experiments revealed that the survival rate was significantly improved when NaSH-treated mice were injected with met-hemoCD-I. After the injection, mitochondrial CcO function in brain and heart tissues recovered, and met-hemoCD-I injected was excreted in the urine without chemical decomposition.
Unveiling Spatial Patterns and Trajectories of Shrub Dynamics in Mediterranean Alpine Ecosystems
Authors: Toma Andrea , Malavasi Marco , Marzialetti Flavio , Cutini Maurizio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Shrub encroachment in alpine and subalpine environments has raised concerns in recent decades, particularly due to climate change and shifts in land use. This study investigates the varying impacts of shrub invasion on different alpine and subalpine herbaceous communities and analyzes the spatial characteristics of shrub invasion. Three sites in the central Italian Apennines were examined by comparing vegetation maps from 1954 and 2016, alongside environmental variables such as slope, roughness, elevation, and soil fertility. The findings indicate that alpine shrub vegetation more successfully invades open herbaceous communities compared to closed grasslands with nutrient-rich soils, which are more resistant to shrub invasion. The invasion process predominantly involves the expansion of existing shrub patches, gradually overtaking grasslands. This selective pattern of shrub invasion highlights the significance of varying competition dynamics in changing high-elevation ecosystems globally.
Quantitative efficiency of optoacoustic ultrasonic treatment in SLM, DED, and LBW applications
Authors: Lomaev Stepan L. , Fattalova Dinara R. , Gordeev Georgii G. , Timirgazin Marat A. , Krivilyov Mikhail D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Ultrasound can improve the quality of finished products by reducing porosity and enhancing microstructure in selective laser melting, directed energy deposition and laser beam welding. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ultrasound produced by a pulsed laser via the optoacoustic effect. A quantitative model of collapse of vapor-gas bubbles has been developed under conditions of ultrasonic treatment at near resonance frequencies. Based on simulation results, the phenomenological expressions are suggested to determine the optimal operating frequency and power for the pulsed laser to alter the microstructure and porosity effectively via cavitation. The analysis is performed for the 316L stainless steel and titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy which are common in additive manufacturing.
Postnatal perineal pain after vaginal delivery in comprehensive and specialised hospitals in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, April to June, 2023
Authors: Yimam Hassen Ahmed , Melkie Tadesse Belayneh , Agengehu Abatneh Feleke , Ashagrie Henos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Millions of women suffer from perineal trauma during childbirth which is the most common cause of postnatal compliant that lasts for hours, days, weeks, or even months. It is the most common source of postnatal morbidity.
Hypothesis: There is not clinically significant postnatal perineal pain after vaginal deliveries
Objective:The objective of this study was to determine postnatal perineal pain and associated factors among women who had vaginal deliveries.
Methods: A multicentre prospective follow-up study was conducted, including a total of 374 women who delivered vaginally at comprehensive specialised hospitals in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, from April 1 to June 30, 2023. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select the samples. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed to determine the incidence of moderate to severe perineal pain, and the association was presented as an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. All p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The final data analysis includes 356 women out of 374 with a 95% response rate. The incidence of moderate to severe pain was 213 (59.8%) [95%, CI =54.8-65.4], 126 (35.4%) [95%, CI =30.6-39.9], and 30 (8.4%) [95%, CI =5.6-11.8] at days one, three and seven respectively. On postnatal day one, higher level of education [AOR =3.62, 95%, CI (0.99-13.08)], primiparity [AOR =3.22, 95%, CI=1.91-5.42)], episiotomy [AOR =11.90, 95%, CI=5.98-23.75)], and instrumental delivery [AOR =4.54, 95%, CI=1.593-12.91)] were significantly associated with postnatal perineal pain. On the 3rd postnatal day, primiparous [AOR =2.66, 95 %, CI=1.57-4.50)], first degree tear [AOR =7.98,95%,CI=3.06-20.77)], 2nd degree tear [AOR =12.48,95%, CI=4.9031.79)], and 3rd to 4th degree tear [AOR =10.13,95%,CI=3.013-34.04)] were again significantly associated with postnatal perineal pain. On the seventh postnatal day, Episiotomy [AOR =9.76, 95%, CI=2.19-43.54)], 2nd degree tear [AOR =5.51, 95%, CI=1.024-29.618)], and 3rd -4th degree tear [AOR =8.75,95%, CI=1.325-7.822)] were also had a significant association with postnatal perineal pain..
Conclusion: The incidence of moderate to severe postnatal perineal pain remains high. Based on this result, we recommend health care providers consider and act accordingly to prevent and treat postnatal perineal pain.
Current Status and Evolutionary Patterns of Heavy Metal Environmental Capacity in the Baerdawu Region of the Tibetan Plateau: Based on High-Density Data
Authors: Chen Yueyue , Yang Yingchun , Liu Chunyan , Niu Yao , Ma Ying , Wei Youning , Luo Jie , Feng Siyao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The Tibetan Plateau, which is called the “Third Pole” and the “Roof of the World,” exhibits a simplistic and clear human footprint due to its unique environmental conditions, primarily influenced by a singular human activity, grazing. Consequently, conducting environmental carrying capacity assessments in this area yield more accurate results. This study focused on the Baerdawu region of the Tibetan Plateau, where the background values of regional soil were calculated based on 7373 surface soil samples. Utilizing material balance linear modeling and the environmental comprehensive index method,a comprehensive soil environmental capacity (SEC) for heavy metals and health risks in the soil was determined. The SEC of the static ranking within the study area was as follows: Zn, Pb, As, U, Hg, La, and Zr. The high-value zones of these elements largely range from the northwest and northeast of the analyzed area, whereas the low-value zones are primarily located in the central and southwest areas. Significance analysis of different geological settings, land-use types, and soil types revealed that the geological background had the greatest influence on SEC, indicating that most elements are controlled by geological sources. Additionally, the residual capacity of most elements was significantly affected by soil type, with the impact being most pronounced in alpine desertified grassland soils, indicating severe disturbances from grazing in the research area. The Baerdawu region’s composite SEC index was 1.17, indicating a high environmental capacity and no health risks. By exploring the characteristics of SEC in the Baerdawu area, this study offers a scientific foundation for formulating policies for soil management. The results of this study can be applied to soil environmental protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and similar regions.
Enhanced Raccoon Optimization Algorithm for PMSM Electrical Parameter Identification
Authors: Hu Zhihong , Zhan Jihao , Li Zelan , Hou Xiangqing , Fu Zhiang , Yang Xiaoliang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This article proposed an improved algorithm for the parameter identification of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs).An enhanced raccoon optimization algorithm (EROA) was formed by combining the raccoon optimization algorithm (ROA) with the adaptive exploration radius strategy, raccoon-washing-food-inspired strategy, and escaping-predator strategy.First, using some of the functions in IEEE CEC2015, the EROA solution has a large improvement in convergence speed and solution accuracy compared with other algorithms.Second, the EROA solution is more stable under the same conditions as demonstrated by MATLAB parameter identification simulation.Finally, EROA applies to motor parameter identification through motor control experiments.
Ovine Forestomach Matrix Implant for Surgical Management in Perianal Fistulas: A Retrospective Case-Series
Authors: Anandarajan Vinesh , Kumar Pranat , Wells Kathryn , Choi John 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Surgical management of perianal fistula (PF) is complicated by a high rate of recurrence and risk of damage to the sphincter complex. Advances in surgical techniques and the use of traditional and biologic fistula plugs have demonstrated recent success. However, the need for minimally invasive, cost-effective techniques capable of lower recurrence rates still exists. Ovine forestomach matrix (OFM) is a biologic graft capable of regenerating healthy native tissue and was used for the surgical management in PFs in this study.
Methods
This retrospective case-series analyzed data collected from 25 patients at a single site treated with OFM for various perianal fistula subtypes as a key component of the surgical treatment algorithm. The primary outcome was healing status at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included time to complete closure, recurrence at follow-up intervals, and post-operative complications.
Results
The most common PF subtype was a trans-sphincteric fistula (72%) and of primary and cryptoglandular origin. Mean PF depth was 3.3 ± 1.6 cm with a 76% incidence of healing at 12-weeks and a median time to closure of 4.5 weeks (IQR: 4.0, 6.0). At last follow-up, 21 of 25 PFs were completely healed (84%) with one recurrence at a median follow-up time of 25 weeks (IQR: 15.5, 29.5). Eighty percent of patients reported no pain at post-operative follow-up.
Conclusion
OFM was found to be a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective treatment for the surgical management of perianal fistula. At last follow-up, OFM achieved successful closure with no recurrences using a median single device implantation.
A Quantum Neural Network for Modeling of T Helper Cell Dynamics
Authors: Nguyen Phuong-Nam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Understanding the dynamics of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells is a key challenge in designing immunotherapy and has garnered significant interest over the past decade. Although quantum machine intelligence has emerged as a novel approach to dynamic modeling, it has yet to be applied to this specific biological problem. In this study, we introduce an architecture of Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) inspired by the biological mechanisms of T-cell differentiation. The findings show that the proposed model effectively captures Th1/Th2 dynamics and cytokine profiles across five case studies. Furthermore, additional insights from the model inference reveal T cell dominance patterns within patient groups and disease stratification.
Amplified warming in tropical and subtropical cities at 2 °C climate change
Authors: Berk Sarah , Joshi Manoj , Goodess Clare , Nowack Peer 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Cities are often warmer than rural surroundings due to a phenomenon known as the urban heat island, which can be influenced by various factors, such as regional climate. Under climate change, cities face not only the challenge of increasing temperatures in their surrounding hinterland, but also the challenge of potential changes in their heat islands. Making projections of future climate at the city scale is difficult given limitations of Earth System Model (ESMs), which has limited studies to a small number of urban areas – mostly megacities. Here, we address these limitations by applying a novel process-based machine learning model to ESM outputs, to provide projections of changes in land surface temperature (LST) for 104 medium-sized cities (population 300K to 1M) in the subtropics and tropics. Under a 2°C global warming scenario, annual mean LST in 81% of these cities is projected to increase faster than the surrounding area. In 16% of these cities, mostly in India and China, mean LST is projected to increase by an additional 50–112% above ESM projections of the surrounding area. These findings suggest that the potential impacts of climate change are underestimated at present for millions of people in cities.
Viral enteritis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pathogens, clinical characteristics, and outcomes
Authors: Pei Xuying , Sun Hailu , Mo Xiao-Dong , Zhao Xiao-Su , zhao Xiangyu , Wei Fang-Fang , Lv Meng , Sun Yuqian , Xu Lan-Ping , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiao-hui , Huang XiaoJun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Viral enteritis is a frequent complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, data on this condition are limited, and the most frequent enteric pathogens, clinical characteristics, and patient outcomes remain unknown. To better characterize post-HSCT viral enteritis, we retrospectively analyzed 59 patients who underwent allo-HSCT and received a diagnosis of viral enteritis confirmed by intestinal biopsy specimens. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (37.3%), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) (37.3%), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (33.9%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. The median time for diagnosis was 56 days post-allo-HSCT. Diarrhea and abdominal pain were the most common symptoms. Notably, 35 patients experienced diarrhea lasting 14 days or more, with a median duration of 16 days (range: 3–57 days). Endoscopic findings revealed concurrent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in 45 patients. The overall survival rates for patients with viral enteritis at 1 and 3 years were 58.6% and 55.3%, respectively. Importantly, patients with CMV enteritis had significantly poorer overall survival compared to those with other viral enteritis types(P = 0.035). In summary, viral enteritis is a significant complication post-allo-HSCT, with CMV, HHV-6, and EBV being the most common pathogens. Early identification and management are crucial, especially for CMV enteritis which is associated with poorer outcomes.
Seasonal Changes in Methane Emissions via Different Pathways from a Rice Paddy Field
Authors: Hamamoto Shoichiro , Kobayakawa Tatsuya , Cui Dingwen , Ma Xuping , Kajiura Masako , Tokida Takeshi , Nishimura Taku 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Rice paddies are significant sources of methane (CH4) emissions, with CH4 released into the atmosphere through three pathways: molecular diffusion of dissolved methane across the atmosphere-water boundary, ebullition of gas bubbles, and diffusive transport through the aerenchyma tissue of rice plants. This study aimed to analyze seasonal variations of CH4 fluxes separately via ebullition and rice plants, and to explore the potential relationship between in-situ gas volume and CH4 emissions. Field monitoring of CH4 emissions, gas-filled porosity (i.e., bubble volume), and soil temperature was conducted in a rice paddy with four different treatments: plots with/without rice plant (Oryza sativa, cv Koshihikari) and with/without straw application. Results indicated that both total CH4 flux and CH4 ebullition were higher during the ripening stage for plots without straw application, where over 60% of total CH4 flux was attributed to ebullition. Rice straw application enhanced both fluxes during the early vegetative stage. Seasonal trends of total CH4 flux corresponded to those of CH4 flux via ebullition. Gas-filled porosity increased during the vegetative stage particularly in plots with straw application, reaching almost maximum values during the late reproductive stage. Methane flux via rice plant and ebullition were correlated well with gas-filled porosity during the vegetative and reproductive stages. This study suggests that the size of gaseous CH4 pool is a good measure for estimating flux intensities of both ebullition and rice-mediated pathways.
Growth and development of flexible pine (Pinus flexilis James) at its introduction in Voronezh region
Authors: Левин С. В. 
Published: July 2024

В соответствии с лесоинтродукционным районированием Воронежская область входит в зону средней перспективности, где предполагается экономический эффект лесоинтродукционных мероприятий на 15–25% выше уровня эффекта выращивания культур местных видов. Здесь одной из перспективных орехоплодных хвойных пород испытывается сосна гибкая (Pinus flexilis James). Целью исследования ставится рассмотрение в сравнении с условиями естественного ареала развития и состояния сосны гибкой на территории Воронежской области. Установлено, что по декоративности сосна гибкая превосходит сосну обыкновенную, являясь видом с высокой степенью адаптивности к засушливым условиям и морозоустойчивым. К возрасту 49 лет наблюдаются ограничения дальнейшего роста деревьев в высоту. Разбег величин таксационных показателей при интродукции, как и в условиях произрастания в ареале, согласуется с мнением, что у сосны гибкой достаточно высокий уровень количественной генетической изменчивости внутри популяций. Выявлены устойчивые к патогену (Cronartium ribicola) деревья. При этом обильное и частое ветвление следует считать неблагоприятным признаком развития дерева, если это не происходит с начального этапа (6–10 лет). Схема размещения на площади 4,5×3 м вполне приемлема при условии, что на одном посадочном месте располагается 3 саженца с расстоянием между ними 1 м.
According to the forest introduction zoning Voronezh region is included in the zone of medium potential, where the economic effect of forest introduction measures is supposed to be 15-25% higher than the effect of cultivation of native species. Here one of the promising nut-bearing conifers is tested pine flexible (Pinus flexilis James). The aim of the study is to consider in comparison with the conditions of natural habitat development and condition of bent pine in the territory of Voronezh region. It was found that flex pine surpasses Scots pine in ornamentality, being a species with a high degree of adaptability to arid conditions and frost-resistant. By the age of 49 years, there are restrictions on further growth of trees in height. The range of values of taxation indicators at introduction, as well as in the conditions of growth in the area, agrees with the opinion that the pine has a fairly high level of quantitative genetic variability within populations. Trees resistant to the pathogen (Cronartium ribicola) were identified. At the same time, abundant and frequent branching should be considered an unfavorable sign of tree development if it does not occur from the initial stage (6–10 years). The scheme of placement in the area (4,5 × 3 m) is quite acceptable, provided that there are 3 seedlings with a distance of 1 m between them in one planting place.
Silvicultural efficiency of complex felling in drained pine forests of different ages
Authors: Смирнов А. П. , Смирнов А. А. 
Published: July 2024

Опытные комплексные рубки проводились в разновозрастных сосняках на осушаемом верховом торфянике через 17 лет после устройства каналов. Полностью удалялась старовозрастная часть древостоя, в молодой части проводилось разреживание. На большинстве вариантов опыта прирост запаса за 40 лет наблюдений превышает соответствующий контрольный уровень. Наибольший прирост по запасу (11 м3/га в год) зафиксирован на участке, где весь древостой был удален одновременно с осушением. Для всех экспериментальных участков на объекте важнейшим преимуществом, по сравнению с контрольными вариантами, является существенная однородность деревьев по размерам и качеству стволов. На контрольных объектах для деревьев спелого и перестойного возраста характерны закомелистость, суковатость, наклон или изгиб ствола. К этим порокам добавилась резко выраженная неравномерность годичного прироста по радиусу ствола.
Experimental complex felling was carried out in pine forests of different ages on the drained upper peat bog 17 years after the construction of the canals. The oldgrowth part of the stand was completely removed, thinning was carried out in the young part. In most variants of the experiment, the increase in stock over 40 years of observation exceeds the corresponding control level. The largest increase in stock (11 m3/ha per year) was recorded in the area where the entire stand was removed simultaneously with drainage. For all experimental sites at the facility, the most important advantage, in comparison with the control variants, is the significant homogeneity of trees in terms of size and quality of trunks. At the control sites, trees of ripe and overmature age are characterized by stiffness, boughtness, inclination or bending of the trunk. To these defects was added a pronounced unevenness of the annual growth along the radius of the trunk.