bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of patient and caregiver predictors for caregiver burden, anxiety and depression in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lou Qing , Liu Shuling , Huo Ya Ruth , Liu Mengyuan , Liu Shuai , Ji Yong 
Published: June 2015

Aims and objectivesThe primary aim of this study was to examine the correlations between patient and caregiver characteristics with caregiver burden, anxiety and depression in Alzheimer's Disease. Secondary aim was to determine which behavioural and psychological symptoms had the greatest impact on caregiver burden, anxiety and depression in Alzheimer's Disease.BackgroundCaregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's Disease experience high levels of burden, both psychologically and physically. Previous studies have examined caregiver burden, anxiety and depression separately. However, no paper has examined these three psychological conditions simultaneously.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsA total of 310 patients with probable Alzheimer's Disease and their primary caregivers were assessed. Cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Clock Drawing Test and Neuropsychiatric Inventory, respectively. Caregiver burden, anxiety and depression were assessed with the ZBI, Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale‐7 and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, respectively.ResultsAll 12 neuropsychiatric symptoms in the Neuropsychiatric Inventory were significantly correlated with caregiver burden, anxiety and depression, with the top three neuropsychiatric predictors being depression, apathy and anxiety. Furthermore, higher levels of caregiver anxiety were associated with a longer duration of being a caregiver. Within caregivers, higher levels of depression were independently associated with higher numbers of additional caregivers, lower educational background and being the spouse of the patient. Higher levels of burden were associated with a longer duration of being a caregiver and being the spouse of the patient. Caregiver burden, anxiety or depression were not significantly correlated with hours/day of caring for the patient.ConclusionsCaregiver burden, anxiety and depression were significantly correlated with different neuropsychiatric symptoms in the Neuropsychiatric Inventory.Relevance to clinical practicePractitioners are able to identify caregivers at risk for burden, anxiety and depression. Understanding which Neuropsychiatric Inventory symptom is more closely associated with distress in caregivers will help practitioners to be more specific and effective in detecting caregiver distress.
The lived experience of adults with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Sammut Jacqueline , Scerri Josianne , Xuereb Rita Borg 
Published: June 2015

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of adults living with ulcerative colitis.BackgroundResearch to date has focused on the impact of inflammatory bowel disease, by analysing the responses of persons with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease collectively. This article addresses the dearth in literature by exploring the experiences of adults living with ulcerative colitis.DesignAn exploratory qualitative phenomenological design was used.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 adults with ulcerative colitis. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.ResultsThree super‐ordinate themes emerged from the analysis: ‘living with physical discomfort’, ‘emotional turmoil in living the experience’ and ‘social interactions’.ConclusionThe participants described a fundamental change in their lifestyle, as a result of physical discomfort and emotional turmoil. Misconceptions held regarding the causes of their disease, further compounded their negative emotional experience.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is of importance that health care professionals understand and explore the unique perspectives of individuals with ulcerative colitis. These perspectives relate to both physical and psychosocial issues. The needs and concerns of persons with ulcerative colitis can then guide the formulation and development of an individualised care plan.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Mycogone perniciosa Causing Wet Bubble Disease of Agaricus bisporus in China Using SRAP
Authors: Zhou Chunyuan , Li Dan , Chen Liangchen , Li Yu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study, 38 Mycogone perniciosa isolates of Agaricus bisporus from the main production areas in China were analysed for investigating the genetic diversity using sequence‐related amplification polymorphism (SRAP). A total of 132 polymorphic bands were obtained, ranging in size from 100 to 1700 base pairs. According to the dendrogram produced by the unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic average of similarity coefficients from SRAP data, all the tested strains were divided into four clusters at a 71.6% similarity level. Strains 1–3 and 13–17 from, respectively, Xichong County of Sichuan Province and Yongchang County of Gansu Province were clustered in the same clade; strains 4–8 and 9–12 from, respectively, Long Hai City of Fujian Province and Luoyang City of Henan Province clustered in sa second clade; strains 18–21 from Wuhan City of Hubei Province grouped together in a third cluster distinct from the other strains.
Abdominal Ultrasound Examination Findings in 534 Hyperthyroid Cats Referred for Radioiodine Treatment Between 2007–2010
Authors: Nussbaum L.K. , Scavelli T.D. , Scavelli D.M. , Pintar J. , Henderson A.K. , DeMarco J.A. , Worwag S. , Bastian R.P. , Kittner H.S. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe prevalence of concurrent disease in hyperthyroid cats is unknown.ObjectivesTo identify the prevalence of concurrent intra‐abdominal disease using abdominal ultrasound examination (AUS) in hyperthyroid cats referred for radioactive iodine treatment (RIT) and to determine whether the requirement for pretreatmentAUSis justified.AnimalsFive hundred and thirty‐four client‐owned cats diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and referred forRIT.MethodsRetrospective study. Age, breed, sex, body weight, clinical signs, total serum T4 concentration, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, serum creatinine concentration, urine specific gravity (USG),AUSresults, and biopsy or cytology results, or both (if obtained) were collected from the medical records.ResultsThe prevalence of concurrent disease identified usingAUSin hyperthyroid cats referred forRITwas 36.1%; 22.8% of the cats in the study had renal disease and 2.4% had confirmed neoplasia. Significant differences in medianUSG(Pvalue 0.032) and medianBUN(Pvalue 0.028) were found between cats that had abnormal kidneys onAUScompared to those with normal‐appearing kidneys. Only 2.2% of the cats were not treated withRITas a result of changes identified onAUSand subsequently obtained cytology or biopsy results.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe results indicate that pretreatmentAUSin hyperthyroid cats referred forRITis unnecessary in most patients.
Association of Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P)/S1P Receptor‐1 Pathway with Cell Proliferation and Survival in Canine Hemangiosarcoma
Authors: Rodriguez A.M. , Graef A.J. , LeVine D.N. , Cohen I.R. , Modiano J.F. , Kim J.‐H. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundSphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a key biolipid signaling molecule that regulates cell growth and survival, but it has not been studied in tumors from dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesS1P/S1P1 signaling will contribute to the progression of hemangiosarcoma (HSA).AnimalsThirteen spontaneous HSA tissues, 9 HSA cell lines, 8 nonmalignant tissues, including 6 splenic hematomas and 2 livers with vacuolar degeneration, and 1 endothelial cell line derived from a dog with splenic hematoma were used.MethodsThis was a retrospective case series and in vitro study. Samples were obtained as part of medically necessary diagnostic procedures. Microarray, qRT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting were performed to examine S1P1 expression. S1P concentrations were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. S1P signaling was evaluated by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization; proliferation and survival were evaluated using the MTS assay and Annexin V staining.ResultsCanine HSA cells expressed higher levels of S1P1 mRNA than nonmalignant endothelial cells. S1P1 protein was present in HSA tissues and cell lines. HSA cells appeared to produce low levels of S1P, but they selectively consumed S1P from the culture media. Exogenous S1P induced an increase in intracellular calcium as well as increased proliferation and viability of HSA cells. Prolonged treatment with FTY720, an inhibitor of S1P1, decreased S1P1 protein expression and induced apoptosis of HSA cells.Conclusions and clinical importanceS1P/S1P1 signaling pathway functions to maintain HSA cell viability and proliferation. The data suggest that S1P1 or the S1P pathway in general could be targets for therapeutic intervention for dogs with HSA.
Adverse outcomes of pregnancy in women with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Hagström Hannes , Höijer Jonas , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Bottai Matteo , Ekbom Anders , Hultcrantz Rolf , Stephansson Olof , Stokkeland Knut 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common liver disease in the world, but little is known about its potential association with pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to investigate pregnancy outcomes in NAFLD.MethodsThe Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR) was used to identify births between 1992 and 2011 (N = 1 960 416). By linkage with the National Patient Register, we identified women with a diagnosis of NAFLD. The MBR was then used to identify outcomes: gestational diabetes, pre‐eclampsia, Caesarean section, Apgar score <7 at 5 min, preterm birth (<37 weeks), low birth weight (<2500 g), infants born small for gestational age and congenital malformations. As controls, we used women with no diagnosis for NAFLD divided into two groups; with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Poisson regression was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) adjusted for maternal age, smoking status and body mass index at early pregnancy, parity and prepregnancy diabetes.ResultsWe identified 110 pregnancies in women with NAFLD. Using women without a diagnosis of NAFLD or PCOS as controls; NAFLD was associated with gestational diabetes [adjusted RRs 2.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–6.15], pre‐eclampsia (aRR 1.95; 95% CI 1.03–3.70), Caesarean section (aRR 1.52; 95% CI 1.19–1.94), preterm birth (aRR 2.50; 95% CI 1.38–4.55) and with low birth weight (aRR 2.40; 95% CI 1.21–4.78).ConclusionWomen with a diagnosis of NAFLD prior to giving birth have increased risks for adverse pregnancy outcome independently of body mass index and diabetes, and should be carefully monitored during antenatal care.
Incorporating phosphorus cycling into global modeling efforts: a worthwhile, tractable endeavor
Authors: Reed Sasha C. , Yang Xiaojuan , Thornton Peter E. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryMyriad field, laboratory, and modeling studies show that nutrient availability plays a fundamental role in regulating CO2 exchange between the Earth's biosphere and atmosphere, and in determining how carbon pools and fluxes respond to climatic change. Accordingly, global models that incorporate coupled climate–carbon cycle feedbacks made a significant advance with the introduction of a prognostic nitrogen cycle. Here we propose that incorporating phosphorus cycling represents an important next step in coupled climate–carbon cycling model development, particularly for lowland tropical forests where phosphorus availability is often presumed to limit primary production. We highlight challenges to including phosphorus in modeling efforts and provide suggestions for how to move forward.

Contents

Summary
324

I.
Introduction
324

II.
A need for phosphorus in global models
325

III.
Considerations for including phosphorus
326

IV.
Opportunities for moving forward
327

Acknowledgements
328

References
328
Two showy traits, scent emission and pigmentation, are finely coregulated by the MYB transcription factor PH4 in petunia flowers
Authors: Cna'ani Alon , Spitzer‐Rimon Ben , Ravid Jasmin , Farhi Moran , Masci Tania , Aravena‐Calvo Javiera , Ovadis Marianna , Vainstein Alexander 
Published: June 2015

Summary

The mechanism underlying the emission of phenylpropanoid volatiles is poorly understood. Here, we reveal the involvement of PH4, a petunia MYB‐R2R3 transcription factor previously studied for its role in vacuolar acidification, in floral volatile emission.

We used the virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach to knock down PH4 expression in petunia, measured volatile emission and internal pool sizes by GC‐MS, and analyzed transcript abundances of scent‐related phenylpropanoid genes in flowers.

Silencing of PH4 resulted in a marked decrease in floral phenylpropanoid volatile emission, with a concurrent increase in internal pool levels. Expression of scent‐related phenylpropanoid genes was not affected. To identify putative scent‐related targets of PH4, we silenced PH5, a tonoplast‐localized H+‐ATPase that maintains vacuolar pH homeostasis. Suppression of PH5 did not yield the reduced‐emission phenotype, suggesting that PH4 does not operate in the context of floral scent through regulation of vacuolar pH.

We conclude that PH4 is a key floral regulator that integrates volatile production and emission processes and interconnects two essential floral traits – color and scent.
The WUSCHEL‐RELATED HOMEOBOX 3 gene PaWOX3 regulates lateral organ formation in Norway spruce
Authors: Alvarez José M. , Sohlberg Joel , Engström Peter , Zhu Tianqing , Englund Marie , Moschou Panagiotis N. , von Arnold Sara 
Published: June 2015

Summary

In angiosperms, WUSCHEL‐RELATED HOMEOBOX 3 (WOX3) genes are required for the recruitment of founder cells from the lateral domains of shoot meristems that form lateral regions of leaves. However, the regulation of the formation of lateral organs in gymnosperms remains unknown.

By using somatic embryos of Norway spruce (Picea abies) we have studied the expression and function of PaWOX3 during embryo development. The mRNA abundance of PaWOX3 was determined by quantitative real‐time PCR, and the spatial expression of PaWOX3 was analysed by histochemical β‐glucuronidase (GUS) assays and in situ mRNA hybridization. To investigate the function of PaWOX3, we analysed how downregulation of PaWOX3 in RNA interference lines affected embryo development and morphology.

PaWOX3 was highly expressed in mature embryos at the base of each cotyledon close to the junction between the cotyledons, and in the lateral margins of cotyledons and needles, separating them into an adaxial and an abaxial side. Downregulation of the expression of PaWOX3 caused defects in lateral margin outgrowth in cotyledons and needles, and reduced root elongation.

Our data suggest that the WOX3 function in margin outgrowth in lateral organs is conserved among the seed plants, whereas its function in root elongation may be unique to gymnosperms.
AtRTD – a comprehensive reference transcript dataset resource for accurate quantification of transcript‐specific expression in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhang Runxuan , Calixto Cristiane P. G. , Tzioutziou Nikoleta A. , James Allan B. , Simpson Craig G. , Guo Wenbin , Marquez Yamile , Kalyna Maria , Patro Rob , Eyras Eduardo , Barta Andrea , Nimmo Hugh G. , Brown John W. S. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) allows global gene expression analysis at the individual transcript level. Accurate quantification of transcript variants generated by alternative splicing (AS) remains a challenge. We have developed a comprehensive, nonredundant Arabidopsis reference transcript dataset (AtRTD) containing over 74 000 transcripts for use with algorithms to quantify AS transcript isoforms in RNA‐seq.

The AtRTD was formed by merging transcripts from TAIR10 and novel transcripts identified in an AS discovery project. We have estimated transcript abundance in RNA‐seq data using the transcriptome‐based alignment‐free programmes Sailfish and Salmon and have validated quantification of splicing ratios from RNA‐seq by high resolution reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (HR RT‐PCR).

Good correlations between splicing ratios from RNA‐seq and HR RT‐PCR were obtained demonstrating the accuracy of abundances calculated for individual transcripts in RNA‐seq.

The AtRTD is a resource that will have immediate utility in analysing Arabidopsis RNA‐seq data to quantify differential transcript abundance and expression.
Fussy eating and feeding difficulties in infants and toddlers consuming a cows’ milk exclusion diet
Authors: Maslin K. , Dean T. , Arshad S. H. , Venter C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundCows’ milk allergy (CMA) is the most common infant food allergy in the United Kingdom, requiring a strict exclusion diet. Feeding difficulties and fussy eating are also very common problems in young children and can negatively influence feeding and dietary intake in an infant with CMA. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of fussy eating and feeding difficulties in two groups of young children: a group consuming an exclusion diet for CMA and a control group of children consuming an unrestricted diet.MethodParticipants were recruited from allergy and health visitor clinics on the Isle of Wight. Parents completed a number of questionnaires about their child's feeding behaviour.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐six participants (mean age 13 months) were recruited. Participants consuming an exclusion diet for CMA had significantly higher scores for both fussy eating and feeding difficulties (p < 0.05), although overall both groups were within the normal range. A number of symptoms were found to be positively moderately correlated with higher feeding difficulty score (p < 0.05). A higher consumption of milk/milk substitute consumed per day was positively correlated to both feeding difficulties and fussy eating (p < 0.05).ConclusionParticipants consuming an exclusion diet for CMA have higher scores for feeding difficulties and fussy eating than those consuming an unrestricted diet; however, the majority of participants’ scores were within the normal range and did not affect the growth.
Prescription patterns of inhaled corticosteroids for preschool children – A Norwegian register study
Authors: Øymar Knut , Mikalsen Ingvild Bruun , Furu Kari , Nystad Wenche , Karlstad Øystein 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlthough guidelines for treatment of wheeze and asthma in preschool children are available, symptoms are overlapping and it may be difficult to decide which children should be given inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Previous studies suggest an inappropriate prescription pattern of ICS in this age group. We studied time trends of ICS use in preschool children in Norway during 2004–2013 by age, gender and physician specialty, and the persistence of ICS use during preschool years.MethodsData were drawn from the Norwegian Prescription Database. The study population consisted of children ≤5 years who were prescribed ICS (alone or in combination) during 2004–2013.ResultsThe one‐year prevalence of ICS use was generally high, and increased from 2004 to 2010, but decreased thereafter. The prevalence was highest in 2‐year‐olds (boys 12.9% and girls 9.3% in 2010) and declined by age, and higher among boys in all ages. 40–50% of ICS users received only one prescription per year. The share of children with persistent use of ICS over several preschool years was low, irrespective of the age at the first prescription. The majority of prescriptions were given by general practitioners, increasing during the study period.ConclusionsThe prevalence of ICS prescription for preschool children was high, but with low persistence, suggesting that ICS are frequently given for intermittent asthma‐like symptoms. Asthma guidelines suggest a restrictive use of ICS during the first years of life, and the results may call for actions to better implement these guidelines.
Severity of rhinitis and wheezing is strongly associated in preschoolers: A population‐based study
Authors: Pereira Ana Margarida , Morais‐Almeida Mário , Santos Natacha , Nunes Carlos , Bousquet Jean , Fonseca João Almeida 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn preschool children, no study assessed the relation between wheezing and rhinitis severity. Our aims were to estimate the prevalence of current wheezing (CW) in preschoolers and to study the association between CW and current rhinitis (CR), considering its severity/persistency.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional, nationwide, population‐based study including a representative sample of 5003 Portuguese children aged 3–5 years. Data were collected by a face‐to‐face interview with caregivers using an adapted ISAAC questionnaire. CW was defined as presence of ≥1 wheezing episode in the previous 12 months. Rhinitis severity/persistency was classified according to Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma.ResultsCurrent wheezing prevalence was 24.5% [95% CI 23.3–25.7]; 9.4% of the participants had ≥4 wheezing episodes in the previous year. Children with CR had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.0 [95% CI 3.4–4.5] for CW; it was highest for children with moderate–severe persistent rhinitis (11.5 [95% CI 8.1–16.3]), even after adjusting for possible confounders. Wheezers with CR reported more wheezing treatment use (p = 0.024) than those without CR. There was a trend for a higher number of wheezing episodes with more persistent and severe nasal disease – 48.4% of children with moderate–severe persistent rhinitis had >4 wheezing episodes vs. 28.9% in moderate–severe intermittent, 20.0% in mild persistent, 10.8% in mild intermittent, and 3.6% in those without CR; p < 0.001.ConclusionsCurrent wheezing was present in almost 25% of preschool children and was strongly associated with rhinitis, especially moderate–severe persistent disease. Preschoolers with both CW and rhinitis seem to have a more severe phenotype, emphasizing the need for concurrent evaluation of nasal and bronchial symptoms even in small children.
Infantile form of muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency in a premature neonate
Authors: Wu Pei‐Ling , Yang Yung‐Ning , Tey Shu‐Leei , Yang Chun‐Hwa , Yang San‐Nan , Lin Chien‐Seng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMuscle phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disease. We report the case of a preterm female infant who was diagnosed with the infantile form of phosphofructokinase deficiency due to a lack of PFK activity in her muscles, manifesting at a corrected age of 1 month as floppy infant syndrome, congenital joint contracture, cleft palate and duplication of the pelvicalyceal system. She died at a corrected age of 6 months due to respiratory failure. We further reviewed other infantile cases in the literature. Congenital hypotonia (78.6%), arthrogryposis (64.3%) and other systemic involvement including encephalopathy (35.7%) and cardiomyopathy (21.4%) are common presentations of the infantile form of PFK deficiency. The overall survival rate of the infantile form is low. The early recognition of multiple system involvement is essential to provide better clinical care for infants with the infantile form of PFK deficiency.