bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inorganic fuels mixtures for automotives propulsion engines
Authors: Golgotiu Eugen , Rakosi Edward , Manolachea Gheorghe , Popa Florin 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The objective of this study is the evaluation of the opportunity to use an inorganic oxygenated compound as ammonium nitrate or urea, to reduce fossil fuels pollution. Our research takes into account the ammonium nitrate water solution, mixed with diesel fuel, in various proportions, as fuel for a diesel engine. The results are very promising, the reduction of the consumption is near 20% and the reduction of particulate matter emission is near 75%, without particulate filter on the exhaust pipeline. The paper intends to explain the ammonium nitrate influence in this process. It is to consider the role of the oxygen which is released in the process of ammonite decomposition in the engine cylinder and the role of the atomic nitrogen, which results in the same process, as fuel with a great energetic value. The energy released at the formation of a nitrogen molecule, N2, with his triple chemical bond N≡N, is almost the same as the carbon burning but without CO2 as reaction product.
Ways to improve conditions in mineral oil lubrication of the internal combustion engines
Authors: Manolache Gheorghe , Rakosi Edward , Talif Sorinel , Popa Florin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe paper analyses some phenomena affecting the cam-follower contact conditions, highlights some detrimental influences over the lubrication regime in this contact. The analysis of the theoretical model revealed the significant influence of thermal and starvation effects on the reduction of film thickness. To avoid these negative phenomena and in order to improve the lubrication regime we propose an original technical solution by using additional oil feed with oil jets, directed over the contact area.
Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in baby food
Authors: Dobrinas Simona , Soceanu Alina , Stanciu Gabriela , Culea Adriana 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMeasurements of organophosphorus pesticides residues were conducted on four different baby food puree based on vegetable, fruit, white fish and veal, products based on cereals and biscuits packed in cardboard box using gas chromatography with thermoionic specified detector (GC-TSD). The lowest concentration of organophosphorus compounds was found for sulfotep, 0.00006 mg/kg in biscuits, while the highest concentrations were found for diazinon and fenchlorphos, with values of 0.1096 mg/kg and 0.1903 mg/kg, both in the grain samples.
Chemical durability of soda-lime glass in aqueous acid solutions
Authors: Carazeanu Popovici Ionela , Lupascu Naliana 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Acid dissolution of soda-lime glass was rigorously investigated. Aqueous solutions containing 1N HNO3, HCl, H2SO4 and CH3COOH were used to measure the durability of the soda-lime glass samples. Flame emission spectrometry (FES) and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were used to determine the concentration of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Si4+ ions in solutions after dissolution. Weight loss analyses and microstructural characterization were used to evaluate the compositional changes of the glass samples.
Metal impregnated catalysts for bioethanol conversion tested by n-hexane cracking
Authors: Proscanu Raluca , Matei Vasile , Ganea Rodica , Proscanu George , Jang Chol Ryong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe catalytic activity of catalysts for bioethanol conversion to hydrocarbons was tested by cracking nhexane in a glass microreactor in the temperature range of 623 to 823K. The microreactor is a tubular one with axial thermocuple measurements in flow, initially for some experiments in nitrogen and for others by hydrogen. Reaction products were collected and analyzed as gaseous samples by Gas Chromatography. The samples of Me-ZSM-5 zeolites (Me=Fe, La, Ce) were prepared by impregnation method. All the prepared samples had a metal content of approximate to 3 % wt. ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized by using a structure direct agent, namely tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and hydrothermal crystallisation method under alkaline conditions according to reported procedures.
Regeneration of used engine lubricating oil by solvent extraction
Authors: Sterpu Ancaelena-Eliza , Dumitru Anca Iuliana , Popa Mihai-Florinel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHuge amounts of used lubricating oils from automotive sources are disposed of as a harmful waste into the environment. For this reason, means to recover and reuse these wastes need to be found. Problems arising from acid treatment include environmental problems associated with the disposal of acid sludge and spent earth, low product yield (45-65%) and incomplete removal of metals. The processes of re-refining of used lubricating oils depend greatly on the nature of the oil base stock and on the nature and amount of contaminants in the lubricant resulting from operations. The study was carried out on a sample of 15W40 type used oil collected from one automobile. The re-refining process of used oil consists of dehydration, solvent extraction, solvent stripping and vacuum distillation. This study aims to investigate a process of solvent extraction of an alcohol-ketone mixture as a pre-treatment step followed by vacuum distillation at 5 mmHg. The primary step was conducted before the solvent extraction that involves dehydration to remove the water and fuel contaminants from the used oil by vacuum distillation. The solvent extraction and vacuum distillation steps were used to remove higher molecular weight contaminants. The investigated solvent to oil ratios were 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The solvent composition is 25% 2-propanol, 50% 1- butanol and 25% butanone or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The percentage of oil recovery for the solvent to oil ratio of 6:1 is further improved, but for the ratio values higher than 6:1, operation was considered economically not feasible. Finally, the re-refined oil properties were compared with the commercial virgin lubricating oil properties.
Trace elements balance in a refinery
Authors: Koncsag Claudia Irina , Dumitru Anca Iuliana 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe trace elements balance is performed whenever the refinery processes a new type of oil. The goal of the balance is to find the distribution of the trace elements in the products and residues for the market. Also, the balance can warn about the accumulation of metals in the catalysts, this affecting their activity in time. This work presents the case study of a refinery processing a light and sulphurous oil with a medium concentration of trace elements. The study highlighted the following: the highest levels of concentration in feed and products are for Na and Si; in general, trace elements concentrate in heavier factions and residues and especially in the coke as a product or as deposited on calaysts; following the balance, heavy metals concentrate in the coke deposit on FCC catalyst in range of 53% for V to 83% for As; heavy metals concentrate in the gasoline hydrotreating catalyst in range of 7% for Ni to 87% for V.
Le site de Tivulaghju (Porto-Vecchio, Corse-du-Sud) et les coffres mégalithiques du sud de la Corse, nouvelles données
Authors: Tramoni Pascal , Anna André d' , Pasquet Alain , Milanini Jean-Louis , Chessa Roland 
Published: April 2013

The Tivulaghju megalithic site as been known for a long time. An excavation campaign was directed in 1960 by Roger Grosjean and Jean Liégeois. The chronology of Corsican megalithism was based on the megalithic cists identified there, together with those at Vasculacciu. They were then attributed to the third millennium bc. Revision of the documentation and new data now allow those burial places to be dated to the Middle Neolithic,
i. e. the mid-fifth millennium. Comparable monuments are numerous, in both Corsica and Sardinia; they permit a cultural relationship between those two islands during the Neolithic to be confirmed.
Le iuvilas di Capua, Anna Perenna e gli Argei romani
Authors: Zavaroni Adolfo 
Published: April 2013

Adolfo Zavaroni, Les iuvilas de Capoue, Anna Perenna et les Argées romains, DHA 32/2, 2006, 43-58.
Résumé : Les figures (têtes isolées, roues, disques, suidés) représentées sur les stèles capouanes nommées iuvilas dénotent la croyance dans la régénération, dans l'immortalité de l'âme. Cette constatation permet d'interpréter les termes de calendrier contenus dans les inscriptions d'une façon plus précise et plus solide. *Loisarios serait le « dernier » mois de l'année, pumperias « processions », sullemnas « à périodicité annuelle ». Les pumperias sullemnas (ides de mars) semblent équivaloir à la fête d'Anna Perenna et les pumperias falenias au rite des Argées romains. Enfin les vesullias pourraient être un epulum comme les dam(u)sennias.
La boisson des dieux. À propos du banquet de Cléopâtre
Authors: Schettino Maria Teresa 
Published: April 2013

Maria Teresa Schettino, La boisson des dieux. À propos du banquet de Cléopâtre, DHA 32/2, 2006, 59-73.
Résumé : L'article s'attache à donner une nouvelle interprétation du célèbre épisode du banquet où Cléopâtre trempa dans le vinaigre une des deux perles jumelles, les plus précieuses et grandes au monde. On tente en second lieu d'en éclairer la valeur symbolique.
De l'Aventin au Palatin : le nouvel ancrage topographique de Rémus au moment du passage de la République à l'Empire
Authors: Ver Eecke Marie 
Published: April 2013

Marie Ver Eecke, De l'Aventin au Palatin : le nouvel ancrage topographique de Rémus au moment du passage de la République à l'Empire, DHA 32/2, 2006, 75-94.
Résumé : Pour conserver à la légende des origines sa dimension fondatrice, les Romains l'ont périodiquement "actualisée" et réécrite, à l'image du présent. Les guerres civiles de la fin de la République les ont conduits à renforcer la rivalité gémellaire mythique, qu'ils ont ancrée topographiquement : au Palatin de Romulus a été opposé l'Aventin de Rémus, lieu d'une fondation manquée. Le retour de la paix sous le Principat a entraîné la réconciliation des frères ennemis : c'est à ce moment que symboliquement, Rémus a été déplacé sur le Palatin de Romulus, aux côtés duquel il a alors non seulement habité, mais aussi régné.
Una arqueología del paisaje argivo: sobre Sauzeau 2005
Authors: García Quintela Marco V. 
Published: April 2013

Marco V. Garcia Quintela, Une archéologie du paysage argien. Sur Sauzeau 2005, DHA 33/1, 2007, 125-144.
Résumé : On présente le livre de P. Sauzeau sur la mythologie d'Argos comme une archéologie, au sens étymologique, qui décrit la construction du paysage argien comme bon pour les hommes dans la mesure où la dialectique des rapports entre les dieux (surtout Héra et Poséidon) le rend habitable. On souligne aussi les éléments d'originalité méthodologique, comme une heureuse coexistence entre perspectives structurelles et génétiques, avec une place d'honneur pour l'héritage indo-européen et un bon usage des etymologies. Pour finir, le livre est placé dans un cadre de recherche plus large, qu'on pourrait appeler « topologie comparée ».
L'archéologue des fortifications dans l'Histoire : les voyageurs et les premiers « chercheurs » dans les Cyclades
Authors: Louyot David 
Published: April 2013

David Louyot, Fortifications archeologist in History: the travellers and the first « researchers » in the Cyclades, DHA 33/2, 2007, 9-33.
Abstract: The object of this study is to present the archaeological data on urban fortifications and rural towers that were supplied by the Westerners who travelled through the Cyclads from the Renaissance to the first half of the XXth century and carried on the first "archaeological works". Very often their writings provide a firsthand documentation for the modern researchers trying to identify and locate sites.
Thucydide et Anaxagore ou une origine philosophique à la pensée de l'historien ?
Authors: Golfin Emmanuel 
Published: April 2013

Emmanuel Golfin, Thucydide et Anaxagore ou une origine philosophique à la pensée de l'historien ?, DHA 33/2, 2007, 35-56.
Résumé : Y a-t-il des ressemblances entre le philosophe Anaxagore et l'historien Thucydide, comme on l'a parfois suggéré ? L'un exerça son activité à Athènes durant la première moitié du Ve siècle, l'autre participa à la guerre du Péloponnèse et consacra sa vie à l'expliquer. Un examen approfondi montre que, s'il y a peu de coïncidences lexicales entre les deux oeuvres qui nous restent, celles-ci sont toujours significatives et attestent qu'il existe des proximités conceptuelles : les contraires comme élément moteur, l'importance de la vitesse dans l'action et le caractère ininterrompu du mouvement. Enfin les deux auteurs accordent la prééminence à l'esprit, selon une optique évidemment différente : pour Anaxagore, le « Nous » ou « Intellect » est le principe impassible et sans mélange qui est à l'origine du mouvement et de l'ordre des choses ; pour Thucydide, la notion de « gnome » ou intelligence prévisionnelle, faculté de juger ce qui convient pour le bien de la cité au bon moment, est le propre du chef accompli, dont le modèle est Périclès. Même si l'œuvre de Thucydide est plutôt rapprochée de celle des sophistes, le rôle dévolu à l'intelligence ainsi que la dialectique entre temps et action permettent de penser que le philosophe ionien a eu une influence - impossible à établir avec certitude - sur l'historien.
La construction idéologique du passé agrigentin : Théron et les ossements de Minos
Authors: Cardete del Olmo Maria Cruz 
Published: April 2013

Maria Cruz Cardete del Olmo, The ideological construction of the Agrigentine past: Theron and the bones of Minos, DHA 34/1, 1008, 9-16.
Abstract: In Agrigentum, borders function as areas of constant interaction : separating the Greeks from the indigenous populations and the Greeks from the other Greeks, they concur to set relations between them. Their significance legitimates the instrumentalization of beliefs as ideological justification of the territorial occupation. The mythical construction of the Agrigentum's past elaborated by Theron by means of the return of Minos' bones is taken as an example.
Conón entre Persia y Atenas (394-391 a.C.)
Authors: Fornis César 
Published: April 2013

César Fornis, Conon entre la Perse et Athènes (394-391 avant J.-C), DHA 34/2, 2008, 33-64.
Résumé : Il s'agit d'envisager les activités politiques et militaires de Conon depuis la victoire de Cnide (394) jusqu'à sa mort (391). Bien qu'à l'époque de la guerre de Corinthe Conon continua d'être amiral de la flotte perse de l'Egée, et au service du Grand Roi, ceci ne l'empêcha pas d'exercer une influence importante sur la politique athénienne, pour laquelle il conçut un projet mal dessiné de reconstruction impériale, mais qui sera repris sur de nouvelles bases par Thrasybule d'Istrie.
Banques et assurances : cohabitation, mariage ou fusion ?
Authors: Kessler Denis 
Published: April 2013

Banking and Insurance
The crisis has brought with it modifications in the economic sociological environments, in behavior and technology, which have led to a rapprochement between banks and insurance companies. Quantitatively, demand has evolved in favor of insurance companies; qualitatively, it has moved away from financial products to financial services and in the process has blurred traditional distinctions. In the face of this evolution the two sectors are condemned to expend great effort in modernization and adaptation. In order to achieve this each possesses certain comparative advantages. An analysis of respective advantages shows that a rapprochement between banks and insurance companies is probable. Other factors, most notably those that are international in nature, lead one to believe that regulatory obstacles which are presently inhibiting a coming together will eventually fade away. Furthermore, in the new deal of the cards between bankers and insurers certain other parties (business, distributors, the state) have joined the game. Thus, the advent of a single sector of financial services within the next decade appears as a plausible future scenario.
Développement du crédit à la consommation et économie réelle
Authors: Pecha Jacques , Sicsic Pierre 
Published: April 2013

Consumer credit development and real economy
The amplitude of the recent rise in consumption loans renders the evaluation of their impact on household crucial. Accelerations of credit outstanding had already been observed. But a rise of such a magnitude in the variations, which are the net additionnal household resources, has never occured. The chronology of specific credit ceiling tends to show that, up until now, households have been constrained in their demand for loans. Therefore they have borrowed as much as banks have been disposed, to lend. Thus, households which have seen their resources grow more rapidly than their income, have increased their consumption. This fact has resulted in a lowering in the saving ratio. The slow down in the credit outstanding, observed in 1987, provoked a narro-
La surveillance prudentielle des risques de marché supportés par les établissements de crédit
Authors: Thoraval Pierre-Yves 
Published: April 2013

The prudential control of market risks borne by credit institutions
Market operations made by credit institutions and investment houses have increased significantly over the last decade. The banks and banking system's risk exposure due to these operations should be carefully monitored by an international, European, and therefore French legal framework. After the assessment and coverage by shareholders' equity of both third parties and debtors' default risks (credit risks), borne by credit rating it was, in fact, obvious that a regulation was to be implemented to deal with market risks. Today, it is done through the enforcement of the Directive on shareholders' equity adequacy to market risks.
This article aims at presenting the general principles on which this new regulation is based on (1), describing the risks covered and methods to use (2), in order to present the calculation of the global coverage ratio which has been obtained (3).
Les investisseurs institutionnels étrangers : vers la fin du capitalisme à la française ?
Authors: Baudru Daniel , Kechidi Med 
Published: April 2013

The foreign institutional investors : The end of the french capitalism traditional organisation ?
The first objective of the crossed shareholding system in the French capitalism organisation was to ensure the large groups of firms a stable shareholding and consequently to protect them from foreign investors. This contribution demonstrates that this kind of interfirms relations organisation is today collapsing because of the huge implementation of foreign institutional investors, especially the Anglo-Saxon pension funds, in the capital of the main firms of the CAC 40. This article points out that the application of the corporate governance principles as well as the financial valorization strategies of these pension funds are in complete opposition with the traditional French capitalism organisation.
Pour une politique prudentielle européenne
Authors: Aglietta Michel , Scialom Laurence , Sessin Thierry 
Published: April 2013

Les marchés financiers s’intègrent de plus en plus vite après l’euro. Les intermédiaires s’adaptent à cet espace financier par des fusions et acquisitions pour résister à une concurrence exacerbée. La fin de la protection des banques nationales et la montée en puissance de la finance de marché transforment la gestion des risques. L’interdépendance des risques de crédit et de marché pose des problèmes de régulation prudentielle, tant au niveau des établissements que du système financier intégré dans l’espace monétaire de l’euro. Or le traité de Maastricht, négocié sur la base du modèle allemand qui prévalait avant l’intégration financière, a conservé la séparation des dispositifs nationaux disparates de contrôle prudentiel et a grossièrement sous-estimé le risque systémique à la dimension de l’UEM. Un débat animé s’est noué sur les carences prudentielles en Europe. Le présent article s’y inscrit en proposant des axes de réforme pour le contrôle prudentiel des établissements de crédit et pour la maîtrise du risque systémique.
Classification JEL : G28
La titrisation des risques d’assurance : le marché des "Insurance Linked Securities" (ILS)
Authors: Scherer Alexandre 
Published: April 2013

La titrisation des risques d'assurance est un marché de quelques années actuellement en pleine croissance. La technique utilisée consiste à reconditionner des risques d'assurance sous forme de titres négociables de type obligataire. En raison de la nature des risques, ces titres permettent de diversifier un portefeuille d'investissements et d'en améliorer le rapport performance/risque. Il s'agit d'un outil moderne et complémentaire à l'assurance qui devrait permettre d'apporter plus d'efficacité au niveau mondial, notamment dans le domaine des risques de catastrophes naturelles.
Classification JEL : G19
Vers un nouveau schéma de réglementation prudentielle : une contribution au débat
Authors: Couppey Jezabel 
Published: April 2013

Towards a new scheme of prudential regulation : a contribution to the debate
This article presents a new scheme of prudential regulation with three characteristics, which could lead regulation towards improved efficiency. First, this scheme is three-fold, because it combines regulation, internal control and market discipline. The regulation starts with « pre-commitment » and imposes a solvency rule in the case of a regulated agent defection. The pre-commitment allows for the integration of the internal control ; market discipline is provided by a public disclosure constraint concerning the institution’s solvability. Second, it is dynamic because it takes into account, period by period, the regulator and regulated agents’ reactions. Third, it is global since it is intended to be applied to all regulated financial intermediaries (banking institutions, investment enterprises and insurance companies).
JEL Classification : D82, G2, G28, L51
Le système bancaire britannique : spécificité et mutations
Authors: Lagoutte Christine 
Published: April 2013

British banking system : specificity and evolution
The British banking system is different from the other European systems because of its international size, the concentration of many foreign banks in London, the importance of the City, the reputation and the competitivity of its banks. The historical distinction between Clearing Banks, Merchant Banks and Building Societies is more and more confuse because of their mixed activities in an extreme competitive environment. However main characteristics are emerging which show a division between large international activities in specific areas and the growing part of insurance activities, fund management and mortgage lending on the domestic and European market. The reputation and the profitability of the banking system are not affected by the special UK’s position still outside the euro zone.
JEL classifications : G21
Pourquoi l’hypothèse de marche aléatoire en théorie financière ? Les raisons historiques d’un choix éthique
Authors: Jovanovic Franck 
Published: April 2013

The hypothesis of random walk in financial theory : some historical arguments to explain an ethic choice
This paper analyses the way modern financial theory originates in the development of financial markets in France during the mid-19th century. We show that the random walk model with a normal distribution was built by Jules Regnault in 1863 - a model to be found in Bachelier (1900) -, at a time when the development of financial markets gave rise to new questions about the morality of these markets. More explicitly, the choice for Gaussian distribution as well as for random walk model originated in ethic and not in empirical considerations. If the efficient theory, built in 1970 by Fama, presents this choice as an informational problem, this paper suggests that our current science schemes are still partially dependent on 19th century views.
JEL classifications : B10, A12, G20