bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Analysis of Short‐Period Seismograph Receiver Function—An Example of Hotan Seismic Array, Xinjiang
Authors: Ming‐Shuai TANG , Can GE , Yong ZHENG , Hai‐Tao WANG 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUsing the teleseismic waveform data recorded by 9 sub‐stations (including 1 set of broadband and 9 sets of short‐period seismographs) of Hotan Seismic Array with an aperture about 3 km in 3 years, we studied and analysed the stability and reliability of short‐period seismograph receiver function. By comparative analysis of the receiver function waveforms isolated from teleseismic waveform data recorded by short‐period and broadband seismograph, the following results are obtained. (1) Receiver functions of short‐period and broadband seismograph are very consistent and high stability, they have good linear correlation (correlation coefficient 0.9), but Ps seismic phases have small amplitude difference (about 20%), whenever the Gaussian coefficient value is 1.5 or 2.5. (2) The short‐period seismograph receiver functions can replace broadband seismograph receiver functions, if a method using the seismic phase arrival time of receiver functions is adopted (such as grid‐stacking‐search method). (3) The result may cause wrong interpretation (e.g., the lower crust low‐velocity layer) if only the waveform data of short‐period seismograph receiver functions are used to inverse for crustal S‐wave velocity structure, because there exist large velocity deviations (about 0.3 km/s) from lower crust to upper mantle, due to lack of low frequency information under 0.155 Hz and the nonlinear amplitude response under 1 Hz frequency band with short‐period seismographs; so additional data sensitive to wave velocity value (such as surface wave dispersion) are needed for joint analysis.
Risk of colorectal cancer and adenomas in the families of patients with adenomas: A population‐based study in Utah
Authors: Tuohy Thérèse M.F. , Rowe Kerry G. , Mineau Geraldine P. , Pimentel Richard , Burt Randall W. , Samadder N. Jewel 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDGuidelines recommend that individuals with a first‐degree relative (FDR) diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) or advanced adenoma before age 60 years should undergo colonoscopy starting at age 40 years. The authors quantified the risk of adenomas and CRC in FDRs, second‐degree relatives (SDRs), and third‐degree relatives (TDRs) of patients diagnosed with adenomas and advanced adenomas.METHODSA population‐based, retrospective, case‐control study was performed of residents of the state of Utah aged 50 years to 80 years who underwent colonoscopy between 1995 and 2009 at Intermountain Healthcare or the University of Utah. Controls were selected from the population of colonoscopy patients who were free of adenomas or CRC and matched to each case based on sex and birth year. Colonoscopy results were linked with cancer and pedigree information from the Utah Population Database to investigate the familial aggregation of adenomas and CRC using Cox regression analysis. The unit of analysis was the relatives of cases and controls.RESULTSOf 126,936 patients who underwent colonoscopy, 43,189 had adenomas and 5563 had advanced adenomas and defined the case population. An elevated risk of CRC was found in FDRs (relative risk [RR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.25‐1.46), SDRs (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.23) of adenoma cases, and in FDRs of advanced adenoma cases (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.29‐2.18) compared with controls. Approximately 10% of CRCs diagnosed in relatives would have been missed if the current screening guidelines were strictly adhered to.CONCLUSIONSRelatives of colonoscopy patients with adenomas and advanced adenomas appear to have a significantly elevated risk of developing colorectal neoplasia. These data should be considered when establishing CRC screening guidelines for individuals and their families. Cancer 2014;120:35–42. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Comparable flow cytometry data can be obtained with two types of instruments, Canto II, and Navios. A GEIL study
Authors: Solly Françoise , Rigollet Lauren , Baseggio Lucille , Guy Julien , Borgeot Jessica , Guérin Estelle , Debliquis Agathe , Drenou Bernard , Campos Lydia , Lacombe Francis , Béné Marie C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFlow cytometry (FC) instruments settings classically rely on local establishment of photomultipliers (PMT) voltages adapted to the measurements expected to be performed. In the era of multiparameter FC (MFC), it appears more and more desirable that comparable patterns of fluorescence are obtained in different settings. This relies on a harmonization of settings between instruments. Although this has been shown to be feasible within a given brand of flow cytometers, little information is available about broader comparisons in a given center or in a multicenter fashion. Here, we report a two‐phase series of experiments first performed between a Canto II (BD Biosciences) and a Navios (Beckman Coulter) instruments in the same center. PMT values adjusted on the reference instrument (RI) Canto II were used to establish target values for PMT settings on the paired Navios practice instrument (PI). This allowed to show the good correlation of all but peaks 1 and 2 of Rainbow® beads between RI and PI. Using 4‐ or 8‐color stained leukocytes, the similitude of the settings was further confirmed. A complex set of matrices was then established between five centers all equipped with both instruments. Using Bland & Altman difference comparisons for median fluorescence values, it was shown that using either Rainbow beads or CD16 stained polymorphonuclears to set‐up target values on the RI CantoII, highly superimposable results could be obtained on all 9 PI. The latter were obtained using Rainbow beads or Compbeads® for comparisons. In summary, this two‐phase study demonstrates the feasibility of different methods allowing for a robust harmonization of settings for MFC. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Destination Known: Targeted Drug Delivery in Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis
Authors: Westein Erik , Flierl Ulrike , Hagemeyer Christoph E. , Peter Karlheinz 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Preclinical Research

Atherosclerosis and its sequelae are key contributors to overall human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Substantial effort has been made toward the understanding of disease mechanisms and particularly treatment options. Drugs for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis and in particular its complications, e.g., myocardial infarction, are widely used therapeutics. However, those drugs typically act nonspecifically, thus affecting not only target cells and atherosclerotic lesions but also causing unwanted side effects. One of the most promising recent developments are drugs that exclusively act at the site where they are needed and thereby minimize deleterious side effects. This review focuses on new approaches for targeted drug delivery, emphasizing single‐chain antibody constructs, liposomal formulations, and microRNAs/gene delivery to sites of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
Antifibrinolytic Therapy in Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Meier Kevin , Hoesch Robert 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Preclinical Research

Treatment options for intracranial hemorrhage include surgery, blood pressure control, and hemostatic medications. Antifibrinolytics are hemostatic medications that interrupt the pathway leading to the breakdown of fibrin clots, thereby stabilizing the latter. The primary antifibrinolytics in use are tranexamic acid and epsilon‐aminocaproic acid, both of which are lysine analogs. These medications have been used with some success in cardiac surgery, trauma, and menorrhagia. In the intracranial hemorrhage literature, antifibrinolytics have been studied mostly in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. While early trials in subarachnoid hemorrhage showed decreased rebleeding rates with consequently increased risk of stroke, newer studies using medical vasospasm prevention and shorter treatment durations have demonstrated a potential for clinical utility. There are also data supporting the use of antifibrinolytics in traumatic brain injury. Antifibrinolytics are less promising agents for hemostasis in subdural, epidural, and intraparenchymal hemorrhages.
Intermediates in Ammonothermal GaN Crystal Growth under Ammonoacidic Conditions
Authors: Zhang Shiyu , Hintze Frauke , Schnick Wolfgang , Niewa Rainer 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Rainer Niewa from the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Stuttgart. The cover image illustrates several gallium‐containing species as possible intermediates of GaN crystal growth in supercritical ammonia under ammonoacidic conditions as well as crystals of solid compounds recovered from ammonia.
Four‐Component Assembly of Natural‐Product‐Like Ring‐Fused Isoquinuclidines
Authors: Sellstedt Magnus , Dang Hung The , Prasad G. Krishna , Sauer Uwe , Almqvist Fredrik 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA four‐component reaction between formyl‐substituted 2‐pyridones, aldehydes, amines, and activated alkenes has been developed. The resulting products are ring‐fused natural‐product‐like isoquinuclidines. Three carbon–carbon bonds, two carbon–nitrogen bonds, and four or five stereocentres are formed in the reaction with overall product yields in the range 23–67 %. In most cases a single diastereomer was obtained. An intramolecular version of the reaction yielded analogues of the multi‐ring‐fused natural product catharanthine in a single step.
Adherence to preventive exercises and self‐reported swallowing outcomes in post‐radiation head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Shinn Eileen Huh , Basen‐Engquist Karen , Baum George , Steen Sven , Bauman Rachel Freeman , Morrison William , Garden Adam Seth , Sheil Cathleen , Kilgore Kelly , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Barringer Denise , Yuan Ying , Lewin Jan S. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundTo reduce the risk of long‐term swallowing complications after radiation, swallowing exercises may be helpful. Both the rate of adherence to swallowing exercises and its impact on future swallowing function are unknown.MethodsIn all, 109 patients with oropharyngeal cancer beginning radiation were tracked for 2 years to determine adherence to swallowing exercises. Participants completed the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) 1–2 years after treatment, to assess self‐reported swallowing function. Adherence, demographics, tumor, and treatment variables were multivariably regressed onto the MDADI physical subscale score.ResultsIn accord with speech pathologist documentation, 13% of the participants were fully adherent and 32% were partially adherent. Adherence was associated with the Physical MDADI Subscale score in the multivariate model (p = .01).ConclusionsThe majority of patients with head and neck cancer are nonadherent to swallowing exercise regimens and may benefit from supportive care strategies to optimize their adherence. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1707–1712, 2013
The beneficial effect of encapsulated human adipose‐derived stem cells in alginate hydrogel on neural differentiation
Authors: Khosravizadeh Zahra , Razavi Shahnaz , Bahramian Hamid , Kazemi Mohammad 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTissue engineering employs combination of biomaterials and cell therapy to develop new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases, spinal cord, and traumatic brain injuries. Alginate is a biocompatible hydrogel, which has been used broadly to encapsulate many types of cells. Human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) have appropriate property to differentiate into neuron‐like cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alginate hydrogel on the viability and neural differentiation potential of induced hADSCs. After neural induction of isolated hADSCs and encapsulated in alginate hydrogel, the cell viability using MTT assay and their neural differentiation potential by immunocytochemical and real time RT‐PCR analysis for neural markers (Nestin, GFAP, and MAP2) were evaluated. Expression of Nestin, GFAP, and MAP2 markers was significantly increased compare to monolayer induced cells (p < 0.001), but we did not found any significant effect on viability of induced cells relative to monolayer induced cells. Although neural differentiation of encapsulated cells was increased relative to monolayer induced cells, the viability of these cells was not significantly different in alginate hydrogel as compared with monolayer induced cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 749–755, 2014.
Vascular progenitor clusters from peripheral blood in cancer patients following oncologic surgery
Authors: Javidnia Hedyeh , Hanna Mary , Li Yuhua , Scheer Adena , Filion Lionel , Eapen Libni , Carrier Marc , Auer Rebecca , Corsten Martin , Allan David S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroductionVascular progenitor cells (VPCs) are recruited into the peripheral blood (PB) following ischemia and inflammation and correlate with vascular health. The impact of recruiting VPCs on surgical recovery and cancer progression following tumor resection remain unknown.MethodsWe measured VPC clusters and enumerated circulating CD34+ VEGFR2+ angiogenic cells in 18 patients with oral cancer (OC) undergoing resection and free flap reconstruction (high vascular injury) and in 18 patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection (CRC) (low vascular injury) at baseline and multiple timepoints after surgery.ResultsVPC clusters increased following OC resection, peaking on Day +3 and returning to baseline by Day 28. In contrast, VPC clusters decreased sharply on Day +3 in patients with CRC before returning to baseline. CD34+ VEGFR2+ cells did not increase significantly after surgery. More rapid clinical recovery following OC resection was observed in patients with greater VPC cluster levels on Day +3. Tumor size and subsequent progression of cancer did not correlate with recruitment of VPC cluster‐forming cells.ConclusionVPC recruitment following cancer resection may depend on cancer subtype and may relate to the degree of surgical stress and vascular injury. Recovery after surgery for OC may be accelerated in patients with greater VPC recruitment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:151–157. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Amylose‐Poly(l‐lactide) Inclusion Supramolecular Polymer: Enzymatic Synthesis by Means of Vine‐Twining Polymerization Using a Primer–Guest Conjugate
Authors: Tanaka Tomonari , Sasayama Shota , Nomura Shintaro , Yamamoto Kazuya , Kimura Yoshiharu , Kadokawa Jun‐ichi 
Published: October 2013

An inclusion supramolecular polymer composed of amylose and poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) is successfully synthesized by phosphorylase‐catalyzed enzymatic polymerization using a malto­heptaose‐functionalized poly(l‐lactide) (G7‐PLLA) as a primer–guest conjugate substrate according to vine‐twining polymerization. The product forms a polymeric continuum of an inclusion complex in which PLLA is included by an amylose chain enzymatically elongated from the other G7‐PLLA. The product is characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and gel‐permeation chromatography measurements. The analytical results indicate that such an inclusion supramolecular polymer is efficiently produced, even under the low concentration of the guest polymer, PLLA, owing to the high local concentration of PLLA segments in the present system because G7‐PLLA forms aggregates 50–110 nm in diameter in aqueous media.
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Multisource ascertainment of Huntington disease in Canada: Prevalence and population at risk
Authors: Fisher Emily R. , Hayden Michael R. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThere is uncertainty surrounding the accuracy of prevalence estimates for Huntington's disease (HD). The aims of this study were to provide a best estimate of the prevalence and population at risk for HD in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, in 2012. HD patients with a clinical and/or genetic diagnosis of HD and individuals at risk for HD were ascertained from multiple sources. Clinical and genetic data were obtained from all available medical, social service, and genetic testing records. Six hundred and thirty‐one HD patients and 3,763 individuals at 25% or 50% risk for HD were identified. Prevalence of HD was estimated at 13.7 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.6–14.8 per 100,000) in the general population, and 17.2 per 100,000 (95% CI: 15.8–18.6 per 100,000) in the Caucasian population. The population at 25% to 50% risk was estimated at 81.6 per 100,000 (95% CI: 79.0–84.2 per 100,000) individuals. These figures suggest there may be up to 4,700 individuals affected with HD and 14,000 at 50% risk for HD in Canada as well as up to 43,000 individuals affected with HD and 123,000 at 50% risk for HD in the United States. This is the first direct assessment of HD epidemiology in Canada in over three decades. These findings suggest that underascertainment may have led to previous underestimates of prevalence, namely, in Caucasian populations, and will aid in the planning of appropriate resource allocation and service delivery for the HD community. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis as an under‐diagnosed cause of flap failure in heparin‐naive patients: A case report and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Tessler Oren , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Jones Daniel , Lalonde Sebastien , Zadeh Teanoosh 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HITT) is an immune complex mediated and potentially devastating cause of flap loss in microvascular surgery. HITT may be an under‐reported cause of early‐flap failure due to subclinical manifestations at the time of flap loss. A case report of a patient presenting with HITT‐related flap failure and the results of a systematic literature review of the clinical presentation of HITT in microsurgery are presented here.Case ReportA patient suffering from a chronic wound on the right medial malleolus was treated with an ALT flap, which was compromised by thrombosis. Multiple attempts to rescue the flap including thrombolysis, popliteal AV loop, and a second free flap were all unsuccessful. Six days following the initial procedure, a diagnosis of HITT was made following a positive HITT‐antibody test as the cause of flap failure.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE searches yielded 113 results, of which 6 met our criteria for manuscripts describing HITT in microsurgical procedures.ResultsEvaluation of the peer‐reviewed literature describing HITT in microsurgery suggests that HITT‐related flap failure occurs rapidly, more frequently in heparin‐naïve patients, and in advance of systemic thrombosis and thrombocytopenia.ConclusionsDue to the rapid and unpredictable onset of HITT during microsurgery, we recommend maintaining an index of suspicion for HITT in flaps with otherwise unexplained early thrombosis. We also encourage hematology consultation, discontinuing heparin use and initiating alternate thromboprophylaxis in order to inhibit the potential for subsequent life‐threatening systemic complications as well as improving the potential for delayed reconstructive success. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:157–163, 2014.
The epigenetics of early development: Inferences from stem cells
Authors: Rasmussen Theodore P. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYApproximately 200 cell types and multiple tissues are established throughout the development of the zygote to an adult mammal. During this process, the cellular genome remains fixed, yet the transcriptome of each of the cell types become widely divergent. This review discusses the epigenetics of preimplantation embryos and the use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) as cell‐culture models for the inner cell mass (ICM) and epiblast, respectively. Differential patterns of transcription are set up during development by the action of key transcription factors and epigenetics, which are involved in the establishment and maintenance of stable transcriptional states during development. In early embryos, for example, changes in the epigenome consist of alterations to the methylation of CpG dinucleotides and post‐translational modification of histones within chromatin. In addition, histone replacement occurs broadly in zygotes. The ICM of the blastocyst, on the other hand, has the amazing ability to contribute to every tissue and cell type present in the adult body. Therefore, ESCs are arguably the most important cell‐culture model available to developmental biologists. The advantages and risks of using ESCs to model ICM pluripotency are therefore discussed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 194–201, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Like Moses Who Led His People to the Promised Land: Nation‐ and State‐Building in Bougainville
Authors: Hermkens Anna‐Karina 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on indigenous religious beliefs and practices in relation to nationalism and state‐building in conflict and post‐conflict Bougainville. Since the early seventies, people of the island ofBougainville have sought to secede fromPapuaNewGuinea and constitute a separate sovereign state. The almost ten year long secessionist struggle between theBougainvilleRevolutionaryArmy (BRA) and thePNG DefenceForce (PNGDF) that eventuated in 1988, destroyed nearly all infrastructure, socio‐economic services, and the functions of thePNGstate on the island. At the same time, the crisis also brought about the establishment of new local governments, such as ‘TheBougainvilleInterimGovernment’, as well as a new Nation: the Independent Republic, later called theKingdom ofMe'ekamui, ruled byBRAleaderFrancisOna. This article explores the creation of theMe'ekamui Nation and analyses the religious underpinnings of nation‐ and state‐building in Bougainville, focusing on the performances and normative frameworks used in the endeavor to become a sovereign state.
Becoming the State in Northern Australia: Urbanisation, Intra‐Indigenous Relatedness, and the State Effect
Authors: Fisher Daniel 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn Australia's Northern Territory, the Larrakia have been involved in a decades‐long effort to gain recognition as traditional owners through Land Rights and Native Title legislation. From one perspective, their claims have failed to achieve the entitlement and recognition grounded in these governmental regimes (Scambary 2007; Povinelli 2002). However, over the past decade the Larrakia Nation Aboriginal Corporation (LNAC) and the Larrakia Development Corporation (LDC) have emerged as locally powerful corporate bodies that pursue programs and exercise forms of power on behalf of the Larrakia that can be understood in terms of state and governmental practice. Through suburban development, a night patrol, educational and vocational training, a radio station, and through forms of policy research and statistical enumeration, the Larrakia nation have emerged in the eyes of many as a de facto Aboriginal ‘state’ in the Darwin region. This paper explores the intra‐Indigenous relations through which these practices have emerged, and analyses the extent to which the LNAC might be understood as a kind of ‘state’ within a state, responsible for world‐shaping activities of knowledge production, housing and health outreach, vocational training and education, and policing. Focussing on the forms of ‘stateness’ that accrue to the Larrakia Nation in Darwin through its policing, knowledge production, and outreach programs for Aboriginal campers, the article explores the differential articulation of Aboriginal groups with the state. It concludes by asking how such differences matter in contexts of planned urbanisation in the Northern Territory.