bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing K-nearest neighbor algorithm: a comprehensive review and performance analysis of modifications
Authors: Halder Rajib Kumar , Uddin Mohammed Nasir , Uddin Md. Ashraf , Aryal Sunil , Khraisat Ansam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) method, established in 1951, has since evolved into a pivotal tool in data mining, recommendation systems, and Internet of Things (IoT), among other areas. This paper presents a comprehensive review and performance analysis of modifications made to enhance the exact kNN techniques, particularly focusing on kNN Search and kNN Join for high-dimensional data. We delve deep into 31 kNN search methods and 12 kNN join methods, providing a methodological overview and analytical insight into each, emphasizing their strengths, limitations, and applicability. An important feature of our study is the provision of the source code for each of the kNN methods discussed, fostering ease of experimentation and comparative analysis for readers. Motivated by the rising significance of kNN in high-dimensional spaces and a recognized gap in comprehensive surveys on exact kNN techniques, our work seeks to bridge this gap. Additionally, we outline existing challenges and present potential directions for future research in the domain of kNN techniques, offering a holistic guide that amalgamates, compares, and dissects existing methodologies in a coherent manner.
Graphical Abstract
Experimental study of characterization and optimization of shape memory alloy sheet for enhanced mechanical actuation performance for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
Authors: Suraj  , Kumar Arun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a shape memory alloy (SMA), NiTiNOL, zigzag sheet is used and experimental method is developed using programmable power supply, laser displacement sensor, and K-type thermocouple to investigate actuation and thermo-mechanical behavior of trained SMA zigzag sheet under three different weights, 2.5 N, 3.5 N, and 4.5 N, along with three distinct voltage levels 2.0 V, 3.0 V, and 4.0 V and hysteresis curves are comprehensively examined to get optimum value of load and voltage to achieve better life cycle and actuation as per the requirement of the design. The displacement and temperature data of the zigzag sheet is recorded for every 200 ms for the entire operating life, utilizing heating and cooling processes, of the zigzag sheet and the value of constant displacement for each cycle is optimized which can be used for the development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
Rethinking assessment strategies to improve authentic representations of learning: using blogs as a creative assessment alternative to develop professional skills
Authors: O’Rourke Mark , Doyon Andreanne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research explores using blogs as an innovative assessment tool to enhance authentic learning and professional skill development in students. Unlike traditional methods, blogs foster active knowledge building and peer interaction, making learning more engaging and aligned with industry contexts. The study involved third-year planning students, in the course Governance and Planning, and utilised questionnaires, focus groups, and blog post analyses. Results indicated that blogs promoted reflective practice, facilitated peer review, and improved learning efficiencies. Despite some initial resistance and concerns about academic rigor, students found that blogging enhanced their understanding of course content and professional practices. Teacher support and peer feedback played a crucial role in this process. The literature supports blogs’ effectiveness in motivating students and aligning learning activities with real-world applications. However, assumptions about students’ familiarity with blogging were challenged, highlighting the need for thorough induction and support. Overall, blog-based assessments proved beneficial in creating authentic learning experiences and preparing students for their future careers. Future research should consider long-term studies on graduate outcomes and further explore peer review mechanisms.
Predictors of mortality among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients after decentralization of services in Tanzania from 2017 to 2019: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mrema George , Hussein Ally , Magoge Welema , Mmbaga Vida , Balama Robert , Nkiligi Emmanuel , Lekule Isack , Kisonga Riziki , Kwesigabo Gideon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) presents persistent global health challenges, characterized by low treatment success rates among patients enrolled for treatment. The World Health Organization recommends decentralization to improve outcomes. This study aims to assess predictors of mortality among MDR-TB patients after decentralization of services in Tanzania. This was a retrospective cohort study involving all MDR-TB patients enrolled in treatment in all 31 regions in Tanzania from 2017 to 2019. The overall mortality rate among MDR-TB patients was calculated using the incidence rate. Additionally, independent factors of MDR-TB mortality were determined using multivariable cox proportional hazards models.

Results
The study followed 985 patients for a total of 12,929 months. During this time, it found that approximately 12 out of every 1000 patients died each month. Specifically, the death rates were about 18 out of 1000 patients at 6 months, 8 out of 1000 at 12 months, and 7 out of 1000 at 24 months. Patients who had both MDR-TB and HIV, as well as those who were malnourished, had a lower chance of surviving at 6, 12, and 24 months. Malnourished patients had almost three times the risk of dying [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.96, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.10–4.19], while those with HIV had nearly double the risk [aHR 1.91, with a 95% CI of 1.37–2.65].

Conclusion
In summary, our study on MDR-TB patient outcomes in Tanzania between 2017 and 2019 reveals a pattern of high mortality rates within the first 6 months of treatment. Furthermore, malnutrition and HIV co-infection were found to be significant predictors of mortality. To decrease mortality, it is crucial to closely monitor patients during the initial 6 months of treatment, especially those who are malnourished or co-infected with HIV, and ensure they receive appropriate and timely care. Additionally, further investigation is needed to find out what may be contributing to possible rise in mortality rate.
A multi-channel spatial information feature based human pose estimation algorithm
Authors: Xie Yinghong , Hao Yan , Han Xiaowei , Gao Qiang , Yin Biao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHuman pose estimation is an important task in computer vision, which can provide key point detection of human body and obtain bone information. At present, human pose estimation is mainly utilized for detection of large targets, and there is no solution for detection of small targets. This paper proposes a multi-channel spatial information feature based human pose (MCSF-Pose) estimation algorithm to address the issue of medium and small targets inaccurate detection of human key points in scenarios involving occlusion and multiple poses. The MCSF-Pose network is a bottom-up regression network. Firstly, an UP-Focus module is designed to expand the feature information while reducing parameter computation during the up-sampling process. Then, the channel segmentation strategy is adopted to cut the features, and the feature information of multiple dimensions is retained through different convolutional groups, which reduces the parameter lightweight network model and makes up for the loss of the feature information associated with the depth of the network. Finally, the three-layer PANet structure is designed to reduce the complexity of the model. With the aid of the structure, it also to improve the detection accuracy and anti-interference ability of human key points. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms YOLO-Pose and other human pose estimation algorithms on COCO2017 and MPII human pose datasets.
The impact of childhood abuse on patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: an Egyptian study
Authors: Raya Yasser Abo , Sehlo Mohammad Gamal , Mahdy Reehab Saeed , Kotb Heba Mesbah , Ibrahim Abdallah Saad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The presence of childhood abuse is expected to have a great impact on several psychological domains on obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. This study was designed to assess the psychological impact of history childhood abuse (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect) on five psychological domains among OCD patients (self-esteem, depression, suicidal risk, cognitive functions, and anxiety).

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 101 OCD patients who were seen in the psychiatric department’s outpatient clinic at Zagazig University Hospital. They were diagnosed according to DSM-IV (SCID-I interview). All the patients were assessed using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Beck’s Suicide Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the MoCA scale (Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test).

Results
The prevalence of childhood abuse in the studied group was 74.3%. 24.8% with emotional abuse, 20.8% with physical abuse, 16.8% with sexual abuse, and 11.9% of patients with emotional and physical neglect. The different types of childhood abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse) were significantly associated with decreased self-esteem and increased depressive symptoms, while emotional and physical neglect were associated with decreased self-esteem only among OCD patients. The most powerful and significant predictor of lower self-esteem and depression was sexual abuse, and it was also the only significant predictor of increased suicidal risk among OCD patients.

Conclusions
History of childhood abuse was significantly associated with decreased self-esteem and increased depressive symptoms among OCD patients. Only history of sexual abuse was significantly associated with increased suicidal risk. So, evaluation of the childhood abuse history is highly important among OCD patients to be incorporated in the management plan to reduce the suffering of OCD patients and for better improvement.
Automated crack identification in structures using acoustic waveforms and deep learning
Authors: Barbosh Mohamed , Ge Liangfu , Sadhu Ayan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStructural elements undergo multiple levels of damage at various locations due to environments and critical loading conditions. The level of damage and its location can be predicted using acoustic emission (AE) waveforms that are captured from the generation of inherent microcracks. Existing AE methods are reliant on the feature selection of the captured waveforms and may be subjective in nature. To automate this process, this paper proposes a deep-learning model to predict the damage severity and its expected location using AE waveforms. The model is based on a densely connected convolutional neural network (CNN) that offers superior feature extraction and minimal training data requirements. Time-domain AE waveforms are used as inputs of the proposed model to automate the process of predicting the severity of damage and identifying the expected location of the damage in structural elements. The proposed approach is validated using AE data collected from a concrete beam and a wooden beam and plate. The results show the capability of the proposed method for predicting the level of damage with an accuracy range of 92-95% and identifying the approximate location of damage with 90-100% accuracy. Thus, the proposed method serves as a robust technique for damage severity prediction and localization in civil structures.
Reducing cardiovascular risk - are omega 3 fatty acids the solution?
Authors: Silldorff Julia , Fura Tomasz , Dudek Marcin , Zaucha Radosław , Felińska Zuzanna , Iszczuk Oliwia , Anczyk Stanisław , Gajkiewicz Magdalena , Zając Małgorzata 
Published: August 2024

Introduction and objective
Omega-3 fatty acids possess numerous physiological characteristics, including anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, antiarrhythmic, and antithrombotic effects. There has been an ongoing discussion about their potential positive effects on human health and the extent of their influence. In this review, we will explore the current understanding of how omega-3 fatty acids impact the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Review methods
A review of publications on the effects of omega 3 fatty acids was conducted using the PubMed platform. The main keywords used in the search were "omega 3 fatty acids" and "cardiovascular diseases". The search included a review of the latest scientific work on the effects of omega 3 fatty acids on the body.

Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge
Omega-3 fatty acids exhibit diverse molecular mechanisms that are beneficial in combating cardiovascular diseases. Reducing serum triglycerides is one of the ways in which omega 3 fatty acids have an advantageous effect on the cardiovascular system. Dietary sources and supplementation offer potential benefits.
Summary
Omega-3 fatty acids, including EPA and DHA, exhibit various molecular mechanisms such as antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering effects, which are crucial in combating CVDs. Dietary sources of omega-3 include both animal and plant products. Supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids, particularly in patients with elevated triglyceride levels, can significantly reduce CVD risk factors and mortality rates. Recommendations suggest consuming 2 servings of fish per week or supplementing with DHA + EPA to support cardiovascular health. Despite some controversies in research findings, omega-3 supplementation remains beneficial. Ongoing research continues to explore the optimal use and efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular health.
Balancing Cardiovascular Health: Assessing the Impact of Physical Activity on Athletic Cardiac Adaptations and Cardiac Pathology
Authors: Hądzlik Izabela , Piotrowski Jan , Biały-Karbowniczek Julia , Słychan Katarzyna , Jędrasek Aleksandra , Bulska Klaudia , Jędrasek Tomasz , Łuczak Blanka , Pogoda Julia , Sławek Konrad 
Published: August 2024

Physical activity is an effective therapy for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. However, studies show a curvilinear relationship between exercise and survival, with diminishing returns beyond optimal fitness levels. Extreme athletic training can harm some individuals, as long-term training in professional athletes can lead to Athlete's Heart Syndrome (AHS), characterized by structural heart changes and altered cardiac conduction due to high-intensity exercise. Intense exertion also increases the risk of sudden cardiac death by exacerbating underlying cardiac conditions. A step-by-step multimodality approach, starting with personal and family history, clinical evaluation, and 12-lead ECG, followed by further investigations like exercise testing, echocardiography, 24-hour ECG Holter monitoring, cardiac MRI, CT, nuclear scintigraphy, or genetic testing, is essential for differentiating between extreme physiological adaptations and cardiac pathology. In this process, cardiovascular imaging is crucial for identifying structural abnormalities in athletes within the grey zone between normal adaptations and early cardiovascular disease.
The Role of Dietary Fiber in Gastrointestinal Health: Focus on Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Diverticular Disease
Authors: Kapler Marta , Kotula Jacek , Mąsior Magdalena Natalia , Zinkow Karolina , Gawlik Łukasz Marek 
Published: August 2024

Dietary fiber (DF) encompasses a variety of plant-derived carbohydrates resistant to human digestive enzymes, significantly influencing gastrointestinal health. This study examines the role of DF in managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Diverticular Disease (DD), utilizing comprehensive analysis from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. IBS, affecting 10-20% globally, involves complex brain-gut interactions, motility issues, and microbiota changes. Soluble fiber like psyllium reduces IBS symptoms by improving stool consistency and regulating bowel movements. However, the role of DF in DD is more nuanced. While the reports on the impact on diverticulosis prevalence are contradictory, numerous moderate-quality studies confirmed the protective effect against recurrent diverticulitis and hospitalization. The effect of different fiber types on this matter was not widely explored which might explain the discordances between the studies. Further research is essential to fully understand the diverse effects of different types of DF on gastrointestinal (GI) health. This way, exhaustive guidelines specific to each fiber type and disease phenotype could be developed, allowing to tailor the dietary recommendations to each patient, optimizing the management of symptoms of IBS and DD, and improving the quality of life.
Health Aspects of Amateur Long-Distance Running
Authors: Ruta Damian , Bocianiak Bogumił , Kajka Anna , Hamerska Julia , Antczak Joanna , Hamerska Laura , Fenrych Urszula , Wojtczak Karolina , Skupińska Olga , Lipska Julia 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Running, as a generally accessible form of physical activity, is recognized as a popular means of preventing lifestyle diseases. Each year, an increasing number of people of various ages, levels of training, and physical fitness participate in mass running events.
Purpose: The study aims to identify the opinions of amateur long-distance runners regarding health.
Material: 140 individuals from several Polish provinces, approximately 30 years old.
Method: A proprietary questionnaire survey.
Results: The most important factor motivating the respondents to engage in long-distance running is the improvement of sports performance, followed by the need to relieve stress, improve quality of life, and, to a lesser extent, health goals. According to most respondents, endurance-based long-distance running is healthy because it improves physical fitness, positively affects the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, enhances immunity, and is a way to relieve stress. Only a few respondents believe that running is not healthy. The main forms of preparation for half marathons and marathons among runners include warm-up exercises before the planned effort and strength and muscle stretching exercises. In the studied group of runners, past injuries do not diminish the satisfaction of engaging in long-distance running. Despite a significant number of respondents having experienced injuries in the past while practicing this sport, they still consider running to be healthy.
Conclusions: Long-distance running brings numerous health benefits. It improves physical fitness, positively affects cardiovascular function, including lowering blood pressure, significantly enhances sleep quality, and helps reduce stress, as confirmed by the respondent’s opinions.
Irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review of origin, pathology, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Kwiliński Kacper , Zdunek Roksana , Strus Karolina , Madera Magdalena , Kruszewski Adrian , Dąbrowska Anna , Paduszyńska Natalia , Wawrzyńska Barbara 
Published: August 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common problem of gastrointestinal practice worldwide. It contains group of symptoms that affect the gastrointestinal tract. People with IBS may experience abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, cramps.
It’s still being under discussion whether the irritable bowel is a pathological or a psychological syndrome. People report various symptoms, so they also consult doctors of different medical specializations. For the same reason doctors may have problems with accurate diagnosis of IBS.
As evidenced by recent studies, IBS is associated with psychological distress and impaired quality of life. It’s also important from economical and medical care system point of view - they utilize the health care system to a greater degree than patients without this diagnosis.
The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive evidence-based review of the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment to guide clinicians diagnosing and treating their patients.
Analisis Status Pengelolaan Ekowisata Di Pulau Gili Labak Sumenep Menggunakan Metode Rapfish
Authors: Silvia Dewi , Muhsoni Firman Farid 
Published: August 2024

Pengelolaan pengembangan wisata Gili Labak dapat menjadi salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan pendapatan daerah dan membuka lapangan pekerjaan baru, sehingga perlu dikembangkan kegiatan ekowisata yang berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui status keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekowisata di pulau Gili Labak Sumenep pada dimensi ekologi, potensi dan sumberdaya, ekonomi, sosial, hukum dan kelembagaan, dan keberlanjutan multidimensi untuk pengelolaan ekowisata di pulau Gili Labak. Metode analisis yang dipergunakan menggunakan Multi Dimensi Sistem (MDS) dengan analisis RAPFISH. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan status keberlanjutan dimensi ekologi pada kondisi sangat berkelanjutan (79,25), dimensi potensi dan sumberdaya pada kondisi cukup berkelanjutan (61,13), dimensi ekonomi pada kondisi cukup berkelanjutan (57,64), dimensi sosial pada kondisi sangat berkelanjutan (79,73), dimensi hukum dan kelembagaan pada kondisi kurang berkelanjutan (28,14). Status keberlanjutan multi dimensi pada kondisi cukup berkelanjutan (62,35). Management of Gili Labak tourism development can be an effort to increase regional income and open new job opportunities. So, it is necessary to develop sustainable ecotourism activities. This research aims to determine the sustainability of ecotourism management on Gili Labak Island, Sumenep in the dimensions of ecology, potential and resources, economic, social, legal and institutional, and multidimensional sustainability for ecotourism management on Gili Labak Island. The method used is a Multi Dimensional System (MDS) using RAPFISH analysis. The research results obtained the sustainability status of the ecological dimension in a very sustainable condition (79.25), the potential and resource dimension in a fairly sustainable condition (61.13), the economic dimension in a fairly sustainable condition (57.64), the social dimension in a very sustainable condition (79.73), legal and institutional dimensions in less sustainable conditions (28.14). So the multi-dimensional sustainability status is fairly sustainable (62.35).