bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breathlessness assessment, management and impact in the intensive care unit: a rapid review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Richardson Ben R. , Decavèle Maxens , Demoule Alexandre , Murtagh Fliss E. M. , Johnson Miriam J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Adults in the intensive care unit (ICU) commonly experience distressing symptoms and other concerns such as pain, delirium, and breathlessness. Breathlessness management is not supported by any ICU guidelines, unlike other symptoms.

Aim
To review the literature relating to (i) prevalence, intensity, assessment, and management of breathlessness in critically ill adults in the ICU receiving invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) and high-flow oxygen therapy, (HFOT), (ii) the impact of breathlessness on ICU patients with regard to engagement with rehabilitation.

Methods
A rapid review and narrative synthesis using the Cochrane Methods Group Recommendations was conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA. All study designs investigating breathlessness in adult ICU patients receiving either invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), NIV or HFOT were eligible. PubMed, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library and CINAHL databased were searched from June 2013 to June 2023. Studies were quality appraised.

Results
19 studies representing 2822 ICU patients were included (participants mean age 48 years to 71 years; proportion of males 43–100%). The weighted mean prevalence of breathlessness in ICU patients receiving IMV was 49% (range 34–66%). The proportion of patients receiving NIV self-reporting moderate to severe dyspnoea was 55% prior to initiation. Breathlessness assessment tools included visual analogue scale, (VAS), numerical rating scale, (NRS) and modified BORG scale, (mBORG). In patients receiving NIV the highest reported median (interquartile range [IQR]) VAS, NRS and mBORG scores were 6.2cm (0–10 cm), 5 (2–7) and 6 (2.3–7) respectively (moderate to severe breathlessness). In patients receiving either NIV or HFOT the highest reported median (IQR) VAS, NRS and mBORG scores were 3 cm (0–6 cm), 8 (5–10) and 4 (3–5) respectively.

Conclusion
Breathlessness in adults receiving IMV, NIV or HFOT in the ICU is prevalent and clinically important with median intensity ratings indicating the presence of moderate to severe symptoms.
Effect of suckler cow breed type and parity on the development of the cow-calf bond post-partum and calf passive immunity
Authors: Brereton Noeleen , McGee Mark , Beltman Marijke , Byrne Colin J. , Meredith David , Earley Bernadette 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDevelopment of the cow-calf bond post-partum and passive immunity of calves from spring-calving beef × beef (B×B) and beef × dairy (B×D) cow genotypes was determined using primiparous and multiparous (Experiment 1), and primiparous and second-parity (Experiment 2) animals. In Experiment 1, calves either suckled colostrum naturally (‘natural-suckling’) (n = 126), or were fed colostrum, using an oesophageal-tube (‘artificially-fed’) (n = 26), from their dam within 1-h post-partum. In Experiment 2, all calves (n = 60) were artificially-fed colostrum from their dam. Prior to colostrum suckling/feeding, colostrum was sampled for IgG analysis. The cow-calf bond was assessed using CCTV recordings during the first 4-h post-partum. Calves were blood sampled at 48-h post-partum to determine IgG and total protein (TP) concentrations, and zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) units.ResultsThere was no difference (P > 0.05) in cow licking behaviours and calf standing and suckling behaviours between the genotypes, except in Experiment 2 where B×D calves had more attempts to suckle before suckling occurred (P ≤ 0.05) compared to B×B calves. In Experiment 1, multiparous cows licked their calves sooner (P ≤ 0.05) and for longer (P < 0.01), and their calves had fewer attempts to stand (P < 0.001), stood for longer (P = 0.05), and had fewer attempts to suckle before suckling occurred (P < 0.001) than primiparous cows; there was no parity effect on cow-calf behaviour in Experiment 2. Colostrum IgG concentrations and measures of calf passive immunity did not differ (P > 0.05) between the genotypes in either Experiment. In Experiment 1, colostrum IgG concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in multiparous compared to primiparous cows and their calves had superior (P ≤ 0.05) passive immunity; no effect of parity was found in Experiment 2. Passive immunity did not differ (P > 0.05) between suckled and artificially-fed calves in Experiment 1.ConclusionsCow genotype had little effect on cow-calf behaviours, but under ‘natural-suckling’ conditions primiparous cows expressed maternal inexperience and their calves were less vigorous than multiparous cows. Colostrum IgG concentration and calf passive immunity measures were unaffected by genotype, but under ‘natural-suckling’ conditions calves from primiparous cows had lower passive immunity.
Establishment of an ovarian cancer exhausted CD8+T cells-related genes model by integrated analysis of scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq
Authors: Hua Tian , Liu Deng-xiang , Zhang Xiao-chong , Li Shao-teng , Wu Jian-lei , Zhao Qun , Chen Shu-bo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) was the fifth leading cause of cancer death and the deadliest gynecological cancer in women. This was largely attributed to its late diagnosis, high therapeutic resistance, and a dearth of effective treatments. Clinical and preclinical studies have revealed that tumor-infiltrating CD8+T cells often lost their effector function, the dysfunctional state of CD8+T cells was known as exhaustion. Our objective was to identify genes associated with exhausted CD8+T cells (CD8TEXGs) and their prognostic significance in OC. We downloaded the RNA-seq and clinical data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. CD8TEXGs were initially identified from single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) datasets, then univariate Cox regression, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression were utilized to calculate risk score and to develop the CD8TEXGs risk signature. Kaplan–Meier analysis, univariate Cox regression, multivariate Cox regression, time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC), nomogram, and calibration were conducted to verify and evaluate the risk signature. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) in the risk groups were used to figure out the closely correlated pathways with the risk group. The role of risk score has been further explored in the homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD), BRAC1/2 gene mutations and tumor mutation burden (TMB). A risk signature with 4 CD8TEXGs in OC was finally built in the TCGA database and further validated in large GEO cohorts. The signature also demonstrated broad applicability across various types of cancer in the pan-cancer analysis. The high-risk score was significantly associated with a worse prognosis and the risk score was proven to be an independent prognostic biomarker. The 1-, 3-, and 5-years ROC values, nomogram, calibration, and comparison with the previously published models confirmed the excellent prediction power of this model. The low-risk group patients tended to exhibit a higher HRD score, BRCA1/2 gene mutation ratio and TMB. The low-risk group patients were more sensitive to Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Our findings of the prognostic value of CD8TEXGs in prognosis and drug response provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms and clinical management of OC.
Exploring AI-driven approaches for unstructured document analysis and future horizons
Authors: Mahadevkar Supriya V. , Patil Shruti , Kotecha Ketan , Soong Lim Way , Choudhury Tanupriya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the current industrial landscape, a significant number of sectors are grappling with the challenges posed by unstructured data, which incurs financial losses amounting to millions annually. If harnessed effectively, this data has the potential to substantially boost operational efficiency. Traditional methods for extracting information have their limitations; however, solutions powered by artificial intelligence (AI) could provide a more fitting alternative. There is an evident gap in scholarly research concerning a comprehensive evaluation of AI-driven techniques for the extraction of information from unstructured content. This systematic literature review aims to identify, assess, and deliberate on prospective research directions within the field of unstructured document information extraction. It has been observed that prevailing extraction methods primarily depend on static patterns or rules, often proving inadequate when faced with complex document structures typically encountered in real-world scenarios, such as medical records. Datasets currently available to the public suffer from low quality and are tailored for specific tasks only. This underscores an urgent need for developing new datasets that accurately reflect complex issues encountered in practical settings. The review reveals that AI-based techniques show promise in autonomously extracting information from diverse unstructured documents, encompassing both printed and handwritten text. Challenges arise, however, when dealing with varied document layouts. Proposing a framework through hybrid AI-based approaches, this review envisions processing a high-quality dataset for automatic information extraction from unstructured documents. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts between organizations and researchers to address the diverse challenges associated with unstructured data analysis.
Practical use of transanal decompression tube following the repair of fourth-degree perineal tears associated with vaginal delivery
Authors: Miki Hisanori , Toshinori Kobayashi , Masahiko Hatta , Yagyu Takuki , Sekimoto Mitsugu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Fourth-degree perineal tears associated with vaginal delivery (PTAVD) occur in approximately 0.25 to 6% of vaginal deliveries. A persistent challenge in treating fourth-degree PTAVD is the high incidence of anastomotic leakage, leading to impaired quality of life, marked by incontinence, rectovaginal fistula, and painful sexual intercourse. Thus, effective interventions are necessary. Herein, we report our successful approach in repairing a fourth-degree PTAVD, involving the placement of a transanal decompression tube (TDT) during the early postoperative period.

Case presentation
Five patients underwent the repair of fourth-degree PTAVD by suturing the mucosal and muscular layers of the rectum, and the vaginal wall in layers. Subsequently, a TDT was placed in the rectum, positioned 10–15 cm from the anal verge. The TDT was allowed to drain spontaneously without suction. Gastrografin enema examination was performed through a TDT, followed by a computed tomographic scan on postoperative days 3–4. After unfavorable complications were ruled out, the TDT was removed and the patients were transitioned to a normal diet.

Result
All patients showed favorable outcomes with no occurrence of vaginal fistula or incontinence.

Conclusion
This simple intervention demonstrates potential efficacy in reducing anastomotic leakage following the repair of fourth-degree PTAVD.
Effectiveness of registered dietitian-led management of early nutritional support in the emergency intensive care unit: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Hayashi Mamoru , Nishikido Yuki , Banno Hiroyuki , Michitaka Tsuzuki , Tachibana Eiko , Tsukahara Takayoshi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Appropriate nutritional management in critically ill patients positively impacts prognosis. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a dietitian-led early enteral nutrition protocol in an intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods
This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data included patients who stayed in the emergency ICU (EICU) for at least 5 days between April 2021 and May 2022. Patients were divided into control and early support groups based on the implementation of the early enteral nutrition protocol in November 2021.

Results
The time to start enteral nutrition after admission was significantly shorter in the early support group (41.9 h) than in the control group (59.8 h). The early support group (n = 58) also had higher nutritional sufficiency rates than the control group (n = 56) and a lower incidence of diarrhea (10% vs. 37.5%).

Conclusions
The dietitian-led early nutritional support system effectively reduced the time to enteral nutrition initiation, improved nutritional sufficiency rates, and decreased the incidence of diarrhea in the EICU.
Association between the adherence to Mediterranean diet and depression in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES database
Authors: Ma Liya , Yuan Jingman , Yang Xichao , Yan Meixi , Li Ying , Niu Min 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease, and depression is a most frequent comorbid condition associated with RA. Studies have shown that inflammation plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of depression and RA. Mediterranean diet (MED) has been proved to be a healthy anti-inflammatory dietary pattern. This study aims to explore the association between the adherence to Mediterranean diet (aMED) and depression in RA patients.

Methods
In this study, RA patients aged ≥ 20 years old were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NAHNES) database. Dietary intake information was obtained from 24-h dietary recall interview. Covariates included sociodemographic information, lifestyles, laboratory parameters, and the history of diseases and medications were included. The weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between aMED and depression. Subgroup analysis was conducted to further explore the association between MED components and depression.

Results
Totally 1,148 patients were included, of whom 290 (25.26%) had depression. After adjusted all covariates, high aMED was associated with the lower odds of depression in RA patients (OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.29–0.97). Among MED components, higher consumption of vegetables (OR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.34–0.84) and cereals (OR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.39–0.99) contributed more to decrease the odds of depression.

Conclusion
Greater aMED may have potential benefits for improving mental health in RA patients. Future large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the association between aMED and depression in RA patients.
Human α-glucosidase inhibition and phytochemical profile of natural and shinzuke treated olives: implications from the processing method
Authors: Yonekura Lina , Hisada Haruka , Intravichakul Jittipon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOlive (Olea europaea) phytochemicals are associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Table olives typically have higher phytochemical concentrations than olive oil, but their impact on human intestinal α-glucosidase is largely unknown. Shinzuke, the most common trade preparation in Japan, are alkali-treated non-fermented green olives. In contrast, natural olives are debittered by brining, which may enhance phytochemical retention. We evaluated the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of Shinzuke and natural green olives produced in-house and compared them with commercial table olives. Eight types of table olives were tested against human intestinal α-glucosidase. Shinzuke Mission was the least effective (IC50 0.710 ± 0.058 mg/mL), while Natural green olives showed double to triple activity, with a non-competitive mechanism. Natural table olives retained more phytochemicals than shinzuke and other treated olives, and are good inhibitors of human α-glucosidase in vitro, exhibiting potential as a functional food for the management of postprandial glycaemia.
Graphical Abstract
Evaluating the performance of two different chemiluminescence analyzers systems in screening donors’ samples for HCV infection
Authors: Salem Dalia Diaa ElDine , ElSayed Heba-TAllah Nader 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The approved screening test for HCV infection among blood donors is the HCV antibody test. The diagnostic performances of the available immunoassays in the market that target different HCV antigens have not yet been thoroughly analyzed. Our study aimed to assess the diagnostic performances of two different chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) assays.

Methods
We analyzed 1909 samples using two assay systems (COBAS e601 ROCHE® & Vitros 3600 ORTHO®) and evaluated the agreement of each with the gold standard method ELISA, as well as studying their diagnostic performances.

Results
The Cohen’s Kappa statistics revealed excellent agreement between ELISA and both CLIA methods performed on Cobas e 601 ROCHE and Vitrous 3600 ORTHO (0.81 & 0.994 respectively). The sensitivities and positive predictive values were 95.05% and 73.85% for Cobas e 601 ROCHE, 100.00%, and 98.97% for Vitrous 3600 ORTHO, respectively.

Conclusions
Excellent diagnostic performance was detected by both assays; however, Vitros 3600 ORTHO outperformed Cobas e 601 ROCHE in terms of sensitivity and specificity.
The association of adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines with frailty and mortality: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of NHANES data
Authors: Meister Daniel J. , Kehler D. Scott , Bouchard Danielle R. , Thomson Amy M. , Sénéchal Martin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24 H-MG) has been associated with a reduced risk of developing various chronic conditions. However, its association with frailty and all-cause mortality has not been investigated. Therefore, our primary and secondary objective was to investigate the association between adherence to the 24 H-MG and frailty and mortality, respectively.

Methods
This study included 2739 individuals (age = 50.6 ± 18.1 years; male = 1370 (50.0%)) from the 2005–2006 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Frailty was quantified with a 46-item frailty index and analyzed cross-sectionally using linear regression. All-cause mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index and was analyzed prospectively over 10 years using Cox regression. The primary exposure variable was six individual and combined 24 H-MG components including the moderated-to-vigorous physical activity, light physical activity, sedentary time, recreational screen time, sleep, and strength training guidelines. All analyses were stratified into two age groups (younger: 20–64 and older adults 65 + years).

Results
Our cross-sectional analyses demonstrated an inverse dose-response relationship between the number of individual 24 H-MG components met and frailty level in adults aged 20–64 (β = -0.439 (95% C.I. = -0.551:-0.328)) and 65+ (β = -0.322 (95% C.I. = -0.490:-0.154)). Of the individual guideline components, following the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guideline in individuals aged 20–64 and the recreational screen time guideline in adults aged 65 + was associated with lower frailty (p < 0.001). There was no clear prospective relationship between adherence to the combined 24 H-MG and mortality. Of the individual guideline components, only meeting the MVPA guideline component in the 65 + group was prospectively associated with reduced mortality risk (HR = 0.48 (95% C.I. = 0.25–0.93)).

Conclusion
Adherence to the Canadian 24 H-MG may be protective against frailty. Increasing MVPA and decreasing recreational screen time may be important behaviors to consider for frailty prevention and should be investigated further.
Pooled safety analysis of sacituzumab govitecan (SG) in multiple solid tumor types.
Authors: Rugo Hope S. , Tolaney Sara M. , Bardia Aditya , Cortes Javier , Marmé Frederik , Schmid Peter , Carey Lisa A. , Loibl Sibylle , Kalinsky Kevin , O'Shaughnessy Joyce , Hurvitz Sara A. , Valdez Theresa , Meng Ya , Verret Wendy , Tagawa Scott T. 
Published: July 2024

3029 Background: SG is an antibody-drug conjugate targeted to Trop-2 that received approval for treatment of previously treated metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) and HR+/HER2- mBC in multiple countries and accelerated approval for previously treated metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) in the US. In multiple clinical trials, SG has demonstrated significantly improved efficacy compared to standard of care therapies and a consistent, manageable safety profile with limited treatment discontinuations from adverse events (AEs). We present an analysis of pooled safety data from patients (pts) treated with SG in clinical trials, including differences by UGT1A1 polymorphisms. Methods: Safety data for pts treated with SG (10 mg/kg, days 1 and 8 every 21-day cycle) were pooled from 4 clinical trials of multiple solid tumors, including mTNBC, HR+/HER2- mBC, and mUC: ASCENT (NCT02574455), TROPiCS-02 (NCT03901339), TROPHY-U-01 (NCT03547973), and IMMU-132-01 (NCT01631552). Treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs) were defined as any AE that started on or after first dose date until ≤ 30 days after last dose date. Results: The pooled analysis included 1063 pts; > 99% experienced any-grade TEAEs, and 76% experienced grade ≥ 3 TEAEs (Table). The most common any-grade TEAEs were nausea (64%), diarrhea (64%), neutropenia (61%), and fatigue (51%). The most common grade ≥ 3 TEAEs were neutropenia (46%), anemia (12%), leukopenia (11%), and diarrhea (11%). Febrile neutropenia occurred in 6% of pts (both any-grade and grade ≥ 3). TEAEs led to SG dose reduction in 31% and SG discontinuation in 7% of pts. The most common TEAEs that led to discontinuation were neutropenia, diarrhea, pneumonia, and fatigue (1% each). In pts with available UGT1A1 genotypes, *28/*28 was associated with a higher rate of grade ≥ 3 TEAEs and TEAEs leading to dose reduction and SG interruption compared to *1/*1 and *1/*28 (Table). Conclusions: The results of the pooled safety analysis of pts treated with SG were consistent with previous clinical trials, with neutropenia remaining the most common grade ≥ 3 TEAE. Neutropenia and diarrhea were generally manageable, and the rate of TEAEs leading to discontinuation was low. The *28/*28 UGT1A1 genotype was associated with higher rates of grade ≥ 3 TEAEs, as previously observed. This is the largest SG safety analysis published to date, providing further support for SG as a treatment with a consistent and manageable safety profile. Clinical trial information: NCT02574455 , NCT03901339 , NCT03547973 , NCT01631552 . [Table: see text]