bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Algorithmic Management, and Labour Law
Authors: Kim Pauline T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithmic management systems in the workplace. It examines how these automated systems affect fundamental worker interests and how existing law applies, focusing primarily on non-discrimination and privacy. Although current law provides some protections, it fails to fully apprehend the risks posed by algorithmic tools. Current legal doctrine prohibits discrimination by workplace algorithms but fits awkwardly with the nature of automated decision systems, leaving gaps and uncertainties. Traditional worker privacy protections are ill-equipped to address the volume and granularity of worker data collected today, and the ability of computational techniques to extract new insights and infer sensitive information from that data. The expansion of algorithmic management affects other fundamental worker interests by increasing employer power vis-à-vis labour. This chapter concludes by briefly considering the role that data protection laws might play in addressing the risks of algorithmic management.
The Need for Seed
Authors: Saul Hayley 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Hindu Kush Himalayas are home to an extraordinary diversity of plants and animals, including an array of traditional crop varieties and landraces. Whilst most scholarship has, to date, sought to preserve this biodiversity by documenting the breadth of species’ and genetic variation, this chapter investigates what we know about the wealth of underlying cultural practices that are generative of agrodiversity. Such practices include festivals in which cultural observances incorporate traditions of care and selection for certain plant qualities, religious sanctuaries that encode the manner of interaction with plants within the sacred boundary, and local cuisines in which knowledge-holders give rise to genetic diversity through selections of different tastes, textures, and aesthetics. Foregrounding biocultural heritage in this way refocuses away from questioning ‘what is diverse’, to ask more fluid questions about how that agrodiversity is brought about by human-plant-animal collaborations through time.
Racial Bias in Police Officer Deadly Force Decisions
Authors: Cesario Joseph , Carrillo Alejandro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a critical overview of experimental studies of racial bias in police shootings, with a focus on methodological and statistical quality. The most informative studies include police officers making decisions in shooting simulators; these are few in number but do not provide strong evidence of anti-Black bias. The least informative studies include undergraduates making decisions with computer tasks; these are plentiful and provide some evidence of anti-Black bias in response times. One consistent finding using shooting simulators is the importance of suspect behavior and situational information, features which are absent in computer tasks. Although process analyses have been attempted, progress has been inhibited by a narrow conceptualization of the decision to shoot. Strengths and weaknesses of all experimental approaches are discussed, with the overarching theme that researchers have missed opportunities to generate a strong and useful body of knowledge on this important topic.
Attitudes and Social Cognition
Authors: Granados Samayoa Javier A. , Fazio Russell H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Social cognition and the study of attitudes have long enjoyed a synergistic relationship. This chapter provides an overview of different research programs that exemplify such synergies. The main theme that emerges from this tour through the literature is that adopting a social cognitive perspective helped attitudes researchers better understand central issues and resolve crises in the field. In turn, early theoretical and methodological advances in the attitudes field formed part of the zeitgeist that led to the rise of the social cognition movement. Moreover, these advances sometimes aligned the attitudes literature with those literatures that are traditionally considered to fall under the umbrella of social cognition (e.g. impression formation, stereotypes, the self). Last, the adoption of theoretical and methodological developments by attitudes researchers sometimes acted as catalysts for progress in traditional social cognition literatures.
The Development of Social Group Cognition in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Charlesworth Tessa E. S. , Banaji Mahzarin R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although they are far from biological or social maturity, infants and children show surprising early-emerging capacities in social group cognition. This chapter reviews research on when and how infants and children categorize, evaluate, stereotype, and behave differently toward social groups defined by gender, race, age, and language. Research across these groups reveals three thematic conclusions. First, an early-emerging preference for the familiar (e.g., looking at faces most prevalent in infants’ environments), beyond similarity or in-group status. Second, generally similar trajectories across group targets (e.g., looking preferences at three to six months, evaluative associations formed around nine to twelve months) suggesting domain-general cognitive developments may scaffold infant social group cognition. Third, an additional internalization of culturally dominant beliefs and norms of fairness in early to middle childhood (e.g. the emergence of socially desirable, fair responding in middle childhood). Understanding social group cognition is advanced by understanding its origins in early in life.
Methods in Social Cognition
Authors: Klauer Karl Christoph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews methods and paradigms that have been influential in shaping social cognitive theories. The review is organized roughly along a processing stream beginning with paradigms probing into attentional-perceptual processes, followed by central processing and response-related processes. The reviewed methods and paradigms include the emotional Stroop task and attentional cuing paradigms, eye tracking and mouse tracking, indirect measures based on sequential priming paradigms, the Implicit Association Test and some of its variants, evaluative conditioning procedures, measures of concept activation and inference, and linguistic methods. For each method, procedural aspects, possible confounds, and, where appropriate, controllability, mechanisms, and psychometric criteria are considered. The chapter concludes with a selective review of mathematical models that have provided deeper analyses of some of these methods.
Social Cognition and Consumer Psychology
Authors: Ackerman Joshua M. , Merrell Wilson N. , Williams Lawrence E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Research on consumer psychology has traditionally been organized from an information processing perspective—the principles and mechanisms associated with what consumers attend to and value and the ways this content shapes consumer choice. This chapter reviews key insights from the past decade of consumer literature through this lens. It then introduces a more holistic framework emphasizing multiple explanatory levels of analysis. A levels-of-analysis framework can encompass the information processing approach, expand the understanding of consumer psychology, and address recent calls for theoretical advancements intended to counter concerns about empirical reproducibility. To support this framework, this chapter discusses recent social cognitive and consumer behavior research relevant to different levels of analysis and ends with a set of actionable proposals intended to improve the study of consumers.
Social Cognition and Health
Authors: Hunger Jeffrey M. , Howell Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The social cognition approach has undoubtedly shaped how researchers understand the role of the social world in physical health. In the first edition of this handbook, Shelley Taylor contributed an overview of social cognition and health that centered on cognitive processes and neural and physiological mechanisms underlying health and well-being. The current chapter builds on this foundational work by highlighting three prominent areas of research where a social cognitive lens on health has flourished: the role of automaticity and automatic processes, interpersonal processes (e.g. social support, ostracism), and intergroup processes (e.g. stigma, discrimination). Both the interpersonal and the intergroup domains have proven particularly important for health, and both have addressed similar social cognitive processes, which highlights the need for future research that more comprehensively bridges these two literatures. Understanding the social cognitive factors that contribute to health is a critical step in developing effective interventions to promote it.
Social Cognition Today and Tomorrow
Authors: Hugenberg Kurt , Carlston Donal E. , Johnson Kerri L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The present volume was prepared following a time of remarkable upheaval in social psychology and during a time of remarkable upheaval in society. This chapter documents both. First, it argues that social cognition (and social psychology more broadly) has been through a substantial process of methodological maturation in recent years, changing both techniques and values when it comes to doing social cognition. The field has adopted a large variety of methods, meaning that there is no longer a shared template for science, and trustworthy inferences are valued like never before. Second, the chapter argues that social cognition is ripe for a pivot toward real-world concerns, in the vein of Fiske and Taylor’s classic definition of social cognition. The chapter argues that this will make for a more impactful, influential, and just discipline, which befits what some see as a leading discipline in social psychology.
A Dynamic Perspective on Visual Perception in Social Cognition and Action
Authors: Balcetis Emily , Cole Shana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although people believe they see the world as it really is, perceptual experience contradicts this conception. This chapter discusses the conditions of the visual system and psychological process by which visual representations fail to correspond to reality. It argues that perception is not simply a product of the qualities of the actual object present but also a result of characteristics of the perceiver. Because the visual input the sensory system receives is imprecise and because attentional resources are relatively limited, an ambiguity arises that is resolved by social context, past experience, and directed and selective visual attention. This chapter proposes the dynamic integration of multiple sources of information that collectively work to shape visual experience and comments on the distinction between visual experience and cognitive judgment. Finally, it discusses the social psychological implications of such a dynamic visual system for regulating action in a social world, including for legal decisions, intergroup relations, discrimination, health, relationships, and culture.
Social Categorization
Authors: Freeman Jonathan B. , Chwe John Andrew 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Social categorization is central to the field of social cognition and has been an integral topic of study since the field’s conception. Social categorization has long been viewed as the starting point of various downstream cognitive, affective, motivational, and behavioral processes. This chapter discusses a modern understanding of social categorization that bridges social cognition and visual perception research to examine the visual and perceptual determinants of social categorization and how they can inform an understanding of these downstream social cognitive processes. As the social world changes, a revised perspective of social categorization is necessary to drive future research. The chapter focuses on three emerging topics in social categorization research, namely, (a) how perceivers handle intersectionality and the complexity of multiply categorizable targets; (b) how perceivers categorize along a seemingly infinite set of perceptually ambiguous category dimensions, such as sexual orientation or religious groups; and (c) how perceivers navigate the blurring of traditionally studied categories, as in perceiving multiracial and transgender individuals.
Perception and Action
Authors: Witt Jessica K. , van der Wel Robrecht 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cognition would be maladaptive, energy consuming, and wasteful if not for the processes of perception and action to sense the surrounding world and act within it. Yet, the importance of perception and action for understanding cognition is much debated. This chapter outlines a variety of ways that perception, action, and cognition are not independent processes merely feeding information from one to the other, but intertwined and functionally connected. The consequences of this functional connection are seen in a variety of phenomena. We start with the dependency of the visual system on action and then describe Gibson’s ecological approach to psychology, including the role of action in perceiving and the perception of affordances. We then cover how perception of others’ actions and its impact on one’s own cognition and movements. We finish with the action-specific approach to perception. Perception and action influence each other, and these influences have consequences for social cognition.
Extracellular Vesicle–Mediated Secretion of Chlorophyll Biosynthetic Intermediates in the Cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya boryana
Authors: Usui Kentaro , Yamamoto Haruki , Mori Hitoshi , Fujita Yuichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are derived from outer membranes (OMs) in Gram-negative bacteria and have diverse physiological functions. EV-mediated secretion of monovinyl protochlorophyllide (MV-Pchlide), the chlorophyll a (Chl) biosynthetic intermediate, was previously reported in a mutant lacking dark-operative Pchlide reductase in the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya boryana. This study showed a detailed characterization of EVs from wild-type (WT) strain of L. boryana grown under photoautotrophic and dark heterotrophic conditions, focusing on the accumulation of Chl intermediates. WT L. boryana cells produce two types of EVs, low-density EVs (L-EVs) and high-density EVs (H-EVs), both under light and dark conditions. L-EVs and H-EVs showed distinct morphological features and protein compositions. L-EVs from cells grown under both light and dark conditions commonly contained carotenoids, ketomyxol glycoside and zeaxanthin as major pigments. Based on the protein compositions of EVs and other cellular membrane fractions, L-EVs and H-EVs are probably derived from low-density OMs and high-density OMs interacting with cell walls, respectively. Fluorescence detection of pigments was applied to EVs, and the two Chl intermediates, protoporphyrin IX and protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester, were commonly detected in both L-EVs from light- and dark-grown cells, whereas L-EVs from dark-grown cells contained additional MV-Pchlide, MV-protopheophorbide and pheophorbide. The pigment ratios of L-EVs to the total culture medium of the Chl intermediates were much higher than those of carotenoids, suggesting an active transport of the Chl intermediates from the thylakoid membrane to L-EVs. Cyanobacterial EVs may play a novel role in alleviating the accumulation of Chl intermediates in cells.
Abstract 3: Adapting to Evolving Demands: Diversifying Cord Blood Processing to Mitigate Supply Chain and Vendor Risks
Authors: Merayo-Rodriguez Juan , Hernandez Luis , Dominguez-Gutierrez Paul , Kinsell Kim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The shifting landscape of cord blood utilization, with decreasing demand for clinical applications and a rapidly expanding need for cellular therapies, is driving changes in processing practices. However, the industry's continued reliance on single-vendor systems (SVS) for processing poses significant risks. Stringent FDA validation requirements, coupled with increasing vulnerability to supply chain disruptions and the potential for discontinued vendor support, can result in costly and irreplaceable losses of cord blood units (CBU). These losses not only have financial implications but can also delay or prevent life-saving treatments for patients in need. To optimize this valuable resource, a strategic balance between clinical and therapeutic needs is essential. This study investigates the hidden costs associated with SVS reliance and explores the potential benefits of maintaining secondary processing capabilities as a risk mitigation strategy, ensuring the availability of CBU for both current and future therapeutic applications.

Objectives
This study analyzes the experiences of a FACT accredited public cord blood bank in the USA to:
-Highlight the challenges associated with onboarding and validating a new SVS for CBU processing.
-Quantify the CBU losses resulting from validation, supply chain disruptions, and instrument downtime.
-Demonstrate the long-term cost-effectiveness of maintaining secondary processing capabilities to mitigate such losses.

Methods
A retrospective review of cord blood processing techniques and product disposition from February 2020 to February 2024 was conducted. Data analysis was performed using SAS JMP Pro 17.0.

Results
While SVS initially offer lower startup costs, the long-term risks outweigh these savings. CBU losses due to supply chain issues and the need to validate alternative kits can be financially significant. Implementing a secondary, manual processing and by leveraging existing resources increases the total cost by 2%.

Discussion
The traditional model of relying solely on SVS for CBU processing is unsustainable in the face of modern challenges. This study provides compelling evidence for the cost-effectiveness and risk mitigation potential of maintaining a diversified processing approach. By investing in secondary processing capabilities, cord blood banks can ensure the continued availability of this vital resource for patient transplantation and other cellular therapies, even in the face of supply chain disruptions and vendor changes.
Abstract 6: Value of a Multi-Regional Cord Blood Bank Program: Multiple Collection Centers to Select High-Quality Units for Transplantation
Authors: Farssac Elisenda , Azqueta Carmen , Castillo Nerea , Valdivia Elena , Martorell Lluis , Rubio Nuria , Garcia-Buendia Ana , Samarkanova Dinara , Montoiro Raquel , Martínez María José , Fernández Esperanza , Calvo Javier , Roldán José , Cemborain Arantxa , Arroyo José Luis , Pello Oscar , Pérez Cristina , Querol Sergi , Fernández-Sojo Jesús 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The Barcelona Cord Blood Bank (BCBB) was established 28 years ago and developed the Concordia CB donation program, with over 60 maternity units in six regions of Spain and Andorra. These units are connected to a single processing and storage facility. Initially, collections were based on a total nucleated cell (TNC) count &gt; 900x10^6. This criterion evolved, and since 2015, a strict minimum TNC of 1500x10^6 has been applied.

Objectives
to analyze the characteristics of the stored Cord Blood Units (CBUs) over the years to classify the cryopreserved units according to different variables, allowing for an understanding of the bank's quality and future orientation towards new needs and applications

Methods
a retrospective analysis to determine the percentage of high-quality units available for transplantation. For this purpose, CBUs were classified into four categories based on initial cellular quality: category 1 (&gt;1500x10^6 TNC), category 2 (1200-1500x10^6 TNC), category 3 (900-1200x10^6 TNC), and category 4 (&lt;900x10^6 TNC). Additionally, the geographical origin of the donors was analyzed

Results
Among 124,988 donations collected, 24,661 were cryopreserved (20%), of which 2,171 were canceled due to freezing problems or not meeting quality criteria and nearly 2,100 were shipped for transplantation. Currently, there are 19,094 CBUs (15% of all collected) active in the bone marrow donor registry. According cell number, CBU inventory is divided into categories, and 6,922 (36%) belong to category 1. In contrast, majority of CBU shipped comes from this category (77%), Figure 1). Interestingly, all participating regions maintained equivalent shipping rates. In terms of geographical origins, of the 19,094 cryopreserved units, 54,00% belonged to the European Community (EC), 3,95% were Latin America, 2,08% Sub-Saharan 0,07% were Asian and 39,90% did not have the data to classify the samples (Fig 2)

Discussion
This analysis enhances the understanding of the characteristics and quality of units requested for transplantation and the geographical distribution of donors. The current operational inventory is smaller than expected, highlighting the need to continue collecting high-quality units from diverse ethnic backgrounds to meet patient needs. A multi-regional donation model and collaboration with health professionals and social awareness are crucial for sustaining cord blood banks
Abstract 14: Contribution of US Public Cord Blood Banking to Improved Engraftment and Survival after Allogeneic Cord Blood Transplantation (CBT)
Authors: Hof Wouter Van't , Troy Jesse , Kurtzberg Joanne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
US public cord blood banks (CBBs) produce either licensed or unlicensed HPC, Cord Blood as per FDA guidance. Accreditation and licensure status of cord blood banks using standardized banking procedures is a key parameter for selection of units for clinical transplant (I. Politikos et al., Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 26 (2020) 2190-2196).

Objectives
To evaluate the premise that US public cord blood banks have contributed to improvement of clinical engraftment and survival outcomes after allogeneic CBT, through delivery of high-quality cord blood units that fulfill critical CD34 and total cell dose requirements.

Methods
Retrospective analysis using deidentified CIBMTR outcome data-files, with investigators blinded to the identities of the donors, cord blood banks and recipients. Analysis of licensure, time in storage, cell dose, degree of HLA match, recipient age, and recipient diagnosis in three study groups, namely pre-licensure 1988-2011, (“IND pre-2012”), unlicensed and licensed units infused starting 2012 and after (“IND” and “licensed”, respectively). Statistical analyses are per Ballen et al., Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2020 April ; 26(4): 745–757).

Results
Initial analysis shows improved engraftment and overall survival for single cord CBT performed with IND and licensed units versus pre-2012 IND units. Higher TNC and CD34 doses per kg and fewer reports of contamination by TCs are seen for licensed units, which were used more frequently in single cord transplants in adults, mostly for treatment of AML with higher use of reduced intensity and non-ablative regimens. Licensed products had a higher representation of minority B/AA donors. After licensed single cord CBT, time to engraftment trended to be faster, with a 1 and 2-year overall survival benefit seen in adult recipients.

Discussion
8 US cord blood banks have received license approval, contributed &gt;50,000 licensed units to the US registry, and shipped &gt;1,800 licensed units for transplant (NMDP registry®). FDA licensure has improved overall quality of banked CBUs translating into improvement in clinical outcomes of CBT.