bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Value Stream in Measuring Environmental Costs and Reducing Costs
Authors: Shaker Dhari Saba , Ahmed Nouri Muqdad 
Published: July 2024

Most economic units suffer from high rates of environmental pollution and a shortage of available resources and energy. This iead to a significant increase in production costs. In addition the economic units lack of using modern cost methods through which environmental costs and production costs are identified, allocated and measured. One of these methods is the value flow method . which works to track production processes, analyze inputs and outputs, and classify them into sound products and unhealthy products (waste).This in turn enables management to identify value-added activities and non-value-added activities, and works to reduce environmental impacts, the amount of waste, and reduce losses that occur during production, Therfure the production process and optimal exploitation of resources, reduce product costs and producing environmentally friendly products, and this leads to improving environmental performance in Iraqi economic units. The research aims to restructure the economic unit, which is managed through its departments and manage it according to the value flow method and to calculate environmental costs. For the purpose of achieving the objectives of this study and testing the hypotheses, the General Company for Heavy Engineering Equipment waschosen.The sample is one of the companies of the Ministry of Oil . relying on the financial and non-financial data that it included. Reports and records for the year 2021-2022.as well as field consultation and deliberation of questions with engineers, specialists and workers to benefit from their accumulated experience.The collected data are anaiysed according to value flow cost accounting in order to improve the production process, and in order to reduce environmental impacts, the amount of waste and emissions, and optimal exploitation of resources and energy. The most important conclusions reached by the researcher were the ability of the value flow to calculate the environmental costs of each flow within the economic unit, as well as providing more accurate and objective data and information for making decisions and measuring the performance of the economic unit to contribute to monitoring environmental activities and the possibility of reducing the costs of those activities.
The use of the (Tobit) Model in Studying the Variables affecting the Increase in the Number of People with Systolic Hypertension, in the Presence of the problem of Heterogeneity of Random Error Variance
Authors: Hasan Dari Mustafa , Ismael AbdulWahhab Baydaa 
Published: July 2024

The process of regression analysis is based on a number of basic assumptions, and if one of these assumptions is not available, this will lead to obtaining inaccurate results, and the most of these assumptions is homoscedasticity, violating this assumption causes a problem of heteroscedasticity of the random error variance the, which may come from different variances This cause to misleading and inaccurate decisions.
Recently Econometric models received attention, especially limited regression models, which contain specific response variables and several repeated observations within a certain range, including Tobit models and also considered imitations of the Censored Regression Model. Problem arise when it appears in the data heteroscedasticity, which makes methods of estimating the parameters of the linear regression model giving incorrect and inaccurate results, hence we get Biased parameters that do not have minimalist variance, as well as getting an unreliable p-value.
The objective of this research is to study the estimation of the multiple standard (TOBIT) model which features that the variable (Y) specific variant. In heteroscedasticity, which both likelihood function method weighted and Genetic Algorithm was used in simulation.
To sum up, the results showed, that Genetic algorithm better outcomes than weighted likelihood function method therefore, it was used in the practical application.
Measuring The Level Of Strategic Thinking: An Analytical Research In The National Security Advisory
Authors: Muhammad Yahya Shamakhi*  , Mahdi Saleh Khalid 
Published: July 2024

The current research derives its significance from its focus on the vital subject of strategic thinking. This topic has attracted the attention of researchers and managers alike, as well as the importance of the researched organization, the National Security Advisory, due to its strategic role in maintaining the country's security and stability. The research problem arises from neglecting the role of strategic thinking in the organization's success. The research aims to identify the level of incorporation of strategic thinking within the National Security Adviser, across its four dimensions. The research included a sample of (90) employees at all administrative levels in the National Security Advisory in a narrative analytical mythology. The questionnaire was the main tool for collecting data and information related to the respondents, and a number of statistical methods were used to obtain results through the SPSS program. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is the disparity in the embodiment levels of strategic thinking in the researched organization, as systems thinking came at the first level, followed by thinking in time, then intentional thinking and finally opportunistic thinking.
Assessment of soil fertility in jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) cultivated land and nutritive value of its plant parts
Authors: Rumanuzzaman K , Hossain M E , Syed M , Rahman M H , Rakibuzzaman M , Rahman M K 
Published: July 2024

The samples of soil, leaves, and shoots of jute were collected from twenty spots of jute (variety BJRI-Tossa-8) fields from different locations in the Narail district of Bangladesh under AEZ-12 during the year 2022. The study intended to evaluate the soil’s physicochemical properties and nutrient concentrations in jute leaves and shoots of 120 days old plants (at the harvesting time of the plant). The soil pH was neutral to slightly alkaline (6.6 to 7.4), with organic matter content from 1.03 to 1.71%. Electrical conductivity was found non-saline which was 40 to 150 μS/cm at 0 to 15 cm depth. The dominant soil textural class was clay. The total N, P, and S in soils were found to be 0.21 to 0.31%, 0.027 to 0.0283% and 0.0002 to 0.0023%, respectively and available N, P, and S were found to be 0.0058 to 0.0087%, 0.0007 to 0.0018%, and 0.0001 to 0.0006%. The nutritional values of N, P, and S in leaves ranged from 3.00 to 11.75%, 0.2281 to 0.5627%, and 0.0056 to 0.0197%, respectively. The total N, P, and S concentrations in the shoots were 0.17 to 5.07%, 0.0012 to 0.2935%, and 0.0002 to 0.0011%, respectively. The study indicated that jute leaves are enriched in nutrition and may be a good source of nourishment for human health. This research also illustrated that the jute field had low to medium fertility soil status. It is suggested that the farmers of AEZ-12 should follow the fertilizer recommendation doses in jute cultivation for higher fiber yield and allow sufficient decomposition of jute roots and debris to sustain succeeding crop production and soil fertility. The study has given new information and guidelines for the researcher for future investigation.
Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2024, 10(1): 35-44
Efektivitas Pupuk Organik Cair Jerami Padi dan Kotoran Sapi terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi (Brasicca juncea L.)
Authors: Nastiti Anisa Rizki , Asngad Aminah 
Published: July 2024

The mustard plant (Brassica juncea L.) is loved by everyone because it has lots of nutrients and is also good for health. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of liquid organic fertilizer from rice straw and cow dung on the growth of mustard greens. The method used in this research was an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors, namely the dose of liquid organic fertilizer (P₁ = 10 ml and P₂ = 13 ml) and the time of application of liquid organic fertilizer (W₁ = once every 5 days and W₂ = once every 7 days). The results of research on liquid organic fertilizer from rice straw and cow dung can effectively accelerate growth in height, number of leaves and wet weight in mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). The growth of mustard greens was very good in the P₂W₁ treatment (13 ml dose every 5 days) which produced mustard plants with an average height of 35.1 cm, an average number of leaves of 17.3, and an average fresh weight of mustard greens. average 165.3 grams.
A moderately higher time-in-range threshold improves the prognosis of type 2 diabetes patients complicated with COVID-19
Authors: Cong Riping , Zhang Jianbo , Xu Lujia , Zhang Yujian , Wang Hao , Wang Jing , Wang Wei , Diao Yingli , Liu Haijiao , Zhang Jing , Tang Kuanxiao 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveAfter fully lifting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic control measures in mainland China in 12/2022, the incidence of COVID-19 has increased markedly, making it difficult to meet the general time-in-range (TIR) requirement. We investigated a more clinically practical TIR threshold and examined its association with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).Research design and methods63 T2D patients complicated with COVID-19 were evaluated. Patients were divided into favorable outcome group and adverse outcome group according to whether achieving composite endpoint (a &gt;20-day length of stay, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation use, or death). TIR, the time-below-range (TBR) and the time-above-range (TAR) were calculated from intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring. Logistic regression analysis and other statistical methods were used to analyze the correlation between glucose variability and prognosis to establish the appropriate reference range of TIR.ResultsTIR with thresholds of 80 to 190 mg/dL was significantly associated with favorable outcomes. An increase of 1% in TIR is connected with a reduction of 3.70% in the risk of adverse outcomes. The Youden index was highest when the TIR was 54.73%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 58.30% and 77.80%, respectively. After accounting for confounding variables, our analysis revealed that threshold target ranges (TARs) ranging from 200 mg/dL to 230 mg/dL significantly augmented the likelihood of adverse outcomes.ConclusionThe TIR threshold of 80 to 190 mg/dL has a comparatively high predictive value of the prognosis of COVID-19. TIR &gt;54.73% was associated with a decreased risk of adverse outcomes. These findings provide clinically critical insights into possible avenues to improve outcomes for COVID-19 patients with T2D.
A review of Global Carbon Markets from Kyoto to Paris and beyond: the persistent failure of implementation
Authors: Asadnabizadeh Majid , Moe Espen 
Published: July 2024

This review article provides a comprehensive multidisciplinary and in-depth analysis of how the idea of Global Carbon Markets (GCM) has evolved from the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement and the post-Paris Agreement period (2015–2022) and why no real consensus has been reached after 25 years of negotiations, based on the categorisation of different arguments from different authors. We apply a semi-systematic review to 32 scientific articles, special reports, and relevant websites to analyse the failure in reaching international consensus on GCM. We apply three dichotomies, market vs. non-market-based approaches, top-down vs. bottom-up and national vs. international level. There are two striking findings. First (out of the articles that can easily be placed along all three dichotomies), there is an overwhelming majority of articles combining market-based, top-down, and international level explanations. This is however countered by a second finding, namely, that there is also a clear historical trend which is unlikely to change away from top-down and towards bottom-up approaches since the Paris agreement, combined with a movement towards more non-market-based and national approaches.
The impact mechanism of human activities on the evolution of coastal wetlands in the Liaohe River Delta
Authors: Deng Qinghai , Zhang Xinming , Zhang Liping , Shao Xin , Gu Tianshuo 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThis study aims to investigate the impact of human activities on the evolution of coastal wetlands in the Liaohe River Delta. Understanding these impacts is crucial for the management, protection, and sustainable development of the ecological environment in the region.MethodsQuantitative analysis of the evolution of coastal wetlands along the Liaohe River from 1995 to 2020 using Landsat series remote sensing images. This study examines the changes in different landscapes and explores the impact of human activities on wetlands through methods such as land transfer matrix, landscape pattern index, and human activity hotspots.ResultsThe results show that the area of coastal wetlands in the Liaohe River Delta exhibited a fluctuating downward trend from 1995 to 2020. The eastern and western parts of the delta experienced greater disturbance to wetland landscapes due to human activities, while the northern and southern parts were mostly waters and reed lands with a smaller degree of human disturbance. Human activities have led to significant changes in farmland, ponds, rice paddies, construction land, and reed fields, thereby promoting the evolution of coastal wetlands.DiscussionThis article discusses the characteristics of landscape pattern evolution in the study area, as well as the impact of human interference, economy, policies, and other factors on it, and compares it with the evolution patterns of other coastal wetlands in China. The changes in the landscape pattern of the study area are mainly reflected in the reduction and fragmentation of natural wetland areas, which are closely related to human activities, especially the development of construction and agriculture. The main economic manifestation is that the increase in land demand due to economic and urban development has led to the transformation of natural wetlands into construction land and other artificial landscapes. The implementation of regulations such as the Wetland Protection Law has contributed to the rational use and ecological restoration of wetlands, and also reflects the influence of policy factors. Compared with other studies, coastal wetlands in China generally face issues of degradation and loss, mainly caused by human activities, but also affected by natural factors such as rising sea levels, changes in coastlines, and climate change.
Pseudorabies virus tegument protein US2 antagonizes antiviral innate immunity by targeting cGAS-STING signaling pathway
Authors: Kong Zhengjie , Chen Xing , Gong Lele , Wang Lele , Zhang Yifeng , Guan Kaifeng , Yao Wanzi , Kang Yu , Lu Xinyi , Zhang Yuhang , Du Yongkun , Sun Aijun , Zhuang Guoqing , Zhao Jianguo , Wan Bo , Zhang Gaiping 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe cGAS-STING axis-mediated type I interferon pathway is a crucial strategy for host defense against DNA virus infection. Numerous evasion strategies developed by the pseudorabies virus (PRV) counteract host antiviral immunity. To what extent PRV-encoded proteins evade the cGAS-STING signaling pathway is unknown.MethodsUsing US2 stably expressing cell lines and US2-deficient PRV model, we revealed that the PRV tegument protein US2 reduces STING protein stability and downregulates STING-mediated antiviral signaling.ResultsTo promote K48-linked ubiquitination and STING degradation, US2 interacts with the LBD structural domain of STING and recruits the E3 ligase TRIM21. TRIM21 deficiency consistently strengthens the host antiviral immune response brought on by PRV infection. Additionally, US2-deficient PRV is less harmful in mice.ConclusionsOur study implies that PRV US2 inhibits IFN signaling by a new mechanism that selectively targets STING while successfully evading the host antiviral response. As a result, the present study reveals a novel strategy by which PRV evades host defense and offers explanations for why the Bartha-K61 classical vaccine strain failed to offer effective defense against PRV variant strains in China, indicating that US2 may be a key target for developing gene-deficient PRV vaccines.
Exploring the relationship between anastasis and mitochondrial ROS-mediated ferroptosis in metastatic chemoresistant cancers: a call for investigation
Authors: Cao Yu , Lu Chang , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Efetov Sergey , Enikeev Mikhail , Fu Yu , Yang Xinyi , Basappa Basappa , He Mingze , Li Zhi 
Published: July 2024

Ferroptosis induces significant changes in mitochondrial morphology, including membrane condensation, volume reduction, cristae alteration, and outer membrane rupture, affecting mitochondrial function and cellular fate. Recent reports have described the intrinsic cellular iron metabolism and its intricate connection to ferroptosis, a significant kind of cell death characterized by iron dependence and oxidative stress regulation. Furthermore, updated molecular insights have elucidated the significance of mitochondria in ferroptosis and its implications in various cancers. In the context of cancer therapy, understanding the dual role of anastasis and ferroptosis in chemoresistance is crucial. Targeting the molecular pathways involved in anastasis may enhance the efficacy of ferroptosis inducers, providing a synergistic approach to overcome chemoresistance. Research into how DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, metabolic changes, and redox states interact during anastasis and ferroptosis can offer new insights into designing combinatorial therapeutic regimens against several cancers associated with stemness. These treatments could potentially inhibit anastasis while simultaneously inducing ferroptosis, thereby reducing the likelihood of cancer cells evading death and developing resistance to chemotherapy. The objective of this study is to explore the intricate interplay between anastasis, ferroptosis, EMT and chemoresistance, and immunotherapeutics to better understand their collective impact on cancer therapy outcomes. We searched public research databases including google scholar, PubMed, relemed, and the national library of medicine related to this topic. In this review, we discussed the interplay between the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis implicated in modulating ferroptosis, adding complexity to its regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the regulatory role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the electron transport chain (ETC) in ferroptosis has garnered significant attention. Lipid metabolism, particularly involving GPX4 and System Xc- plays a significant role in both the progression of ferroptosis and cancer. There is a need to investigate the intricate interplay between anastasis, ferroptosis, and chemoresistance to better understand cancer therapy clinical outcomes. Integrating anastasis, and ferroptosis into strategies targeting chemoresistance and exploring its potential synergy with immunotherapy represent promising avenues for advancing chemoresistant cancer treatment. Understanding the intricate interplay among mitochondria, anastasis, ROS, and ferroptosis is vital in oncology, potentially revolutionizing personalized cancer treatment and drug development.
The efficacy and safety of Dachaihu decoction in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mou Zhiqing , Gong Tao , Wu Yanzuo , Liu Jun , Yu Jianhua , Mao Lichan 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is a common liver condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver which is not caused by alcohol. The main causes of NAFLD are obesity and insulin resistance. Dachaihu decoction (DCHD), a classic formula in traditional Chinese medicine, has been proved to treat NAFLD by targeting different aspects of pathogenesis and is being progressively used in the treatment of NAFLD. DCHD is commonly applied in a modified form to treat the NAFLD. In light of this, it is imperative to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of DCHD in the management of NAFLD. There is a need for a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of modified DCHD in treating NAFLD.ObjectiveThe objective of this meta-analysis was to systematically assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of DCHD in treating NAFLD.MethodsThis meta-analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Including seven databases, both Chinese and English databases were searched for relevant studies. The quality of included studies was carefully assessed using the bias risk assessment tool in the Cochrane Handbook. Eligible articles were the source of extracted data which was meta-analyzed by using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 17.0.ResultsA total of 10 studies containing 825 patients were included. Compared with conventional treatments, combined treatment could clearly improve the liver function of NAFLD patients, which could reduce the levels of ALT (MD = −7.69 U/L, 95% CI: −11.88 to −3.51, p &lt; 0.001), AST (MD = −9.58 U/L, 95% CI: −12.84 to −6.33, p &lt; 0.01), and it also had a certain impact on regulating lipid metabolism, which could reduce the levels of TC (MD = −0.85 mmol/L, 95% CI: −1.22 to 0.48, p &lt; 0.01), TG (MD = −0.45 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.64 to 0.21, p &lt; 0.01). Adverse event showed that DCHD was relatively safe. Due to the inclusion of less than 10 trials in each group, it was not possible to conduct a thorough analysis of publication bias.ConclusionAccording to the meta-analysis, in the treatment of the NAFLD, it is clear that the combination of DCHD was advantages over conventional treatment alone in improving liver function, regulating lipid metabolism. Additionally, DCHD demonstrates a relatively safe profile. Nevertheless, due to limitations in the quality and quantity of the studies incorporated, the effectiveness and safety of DCHD remain inconclusive. Consequently, further high-quality research is imperative to furnish more substantial evidence supporting the widespread clinical application of DCHD.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023397353, CRD42023397353.
QcrC is a potential target for antibody therapy and vaccination to control Campylobacter jejuni infection by suppressing its energy metabolism
Authors: Hosomi Koji , Hatanaka Noritoshi , Hinenoya Atsushi , Adachi Jun , Tojima Yoko , Furuta Mari , Uchiyama Keita , Morita Makiko , Nagatake Takahiro , Saika Azusa , Kawai Soichiro , Yoshii Ken , Kondo Saki , Yamasaki Shinji , Kunisawa Jun 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionCampylobacter spp. are a public health concern, yet there is still no effective vaccine or medicine available.MethodsHere, we developed a Campylobacter jejuni-specific antibody and found that it targeted a menaquinol cytochrome c reductase complex QcrC.ResultsThe antibody was specifically reactive to multiple C. jejuni strains including clinical isolates from patients with acute enteritis and was found to inhibit the energy metabolism and growth of C. jejuni. Different culture conditions produced different expression levels of QcrC in C. jejuni, and these levels were closely related not only to the energy metabolism of C. jejuni but also its pathogenicity. Furthermore, immunization of mice with recombinant QcrC induced protective immunity against C. jejuni infection.DiscussionTaken together, our present findings highlight a possible antibody- or vaccination-based strategy to prevent or control Campylobacter infection by targeting the QcrC-mediated metabolic pathway.