bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coffee consumption and the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults—results from a Swedish case–control study
Authors: Löfvenborg J. E. , Andersson T. , Carlsson P.‐O. , Dorkhan M. , Groop L. , Martinell M. , Rasouli B. , Storm P. , Tuomi T. , Carlsson S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimsCoffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to investigate if coffee intake may also reduce the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, an autoimmune form of diabetes with features of Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe used data from a population‐based case–control study with incident cases of adult onset (≥ 35 years) diabetes, including 245 cases of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positive), 759 cases of Type 2 diabetes (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody negative), together with 990 control subjects without diabetes, randomly selected from the population. Using questionnaire information on coffee consumption, we estimated the odds ratio of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and Type 2 diabetes adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, education and family history of diabetes.ResultsCoffee intake was inversely associated with Type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.87–0.98 per cup/day). With regard to latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, the general trend was weak (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.96–1.13), but stratification by degree of autoimmunity (median glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels) suggested that coffee intake may be associated with an increased risk of high glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (odds ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.23 per cup/day). Furthermore, for every additional cup of coffee consumed per day, there was a 15.2% (P = 0.0268) increase in glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, the findings suggest that coffee may be associated with development of autoimmunity and possibly an increased risk of more Type 1‐like latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.
Racial disparities in cardiovascular risk factor control in an underinsured population with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Y. , Katzmarzyk P. T. , Horswell R. , Zhao W. , Li W. , Johnson J. , Ryan D. H. , Hu G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the race‐specific trend in attainment of the American Diabetes Association cardiovascular risk factor control goals (HbA1c <53 mmol/mol (7.0%), blood pressure <130/80 mmHg and LDL cholesterol <2.6mmol/l) by patients with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe study sample included 14 946 African‐American and 12 758 white patients who were newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes between 2001 and 2009 in the Louisiana State University Hospital system. The race‐specific percentages of patients' attainment of American Diabetes Association goals were calculated using the baseline and follow‐up measurements of HbA1c, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol levels. Logistic regression was used to test the difference between African‐American and white patients.ResultsThe percentage of patients who met all three American Diabetes Association goals increased from 8.2% in 2001 to 10.2% in 2009 (increased by 24.4%) in this cohort. Compared with African‐American patients, white patients had better attainment of the following American Diabetes Association goals: HbA1c (61.4 vs. 55.1%), blood pressure (25.8 vs. 20.4%), LDL cholesterol (40.1 vs. 37.7%) and all three goals (7.3 vs. 5.1%). African‐American and white patients generally had a better cardiovascular disease risk factor profile during follow‐up when we assessed attainment of the American Diabetes Association goals by means of HbA1c, blood pressure and LDL cholesterol.ConclusionsDuring 2001–2009, the present low‐income cohort of people with Type 2 diabetes generally experienced improved control of cardiovascular disease risk factors. White patients had better attainment of the American Diabetes Association cardiovascular risk factor control goals than their African‐American counterparts.
How is research publishing going to progress in the next 20 years? Transcription of Session for Editors, Associate Editors, Publishers and Others with an Interest in Scientific Publishing Held at IADR Meeting In Seattle on Wednesday, 20 March 2013
Authors: Eaton K. A. , Holland G. R. , Giannobile W. V. , Hancocks S. , Robinson P. G. , Lynch C. D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOn March 20th 2013, a one‐hour session for Editors, Associate Editors, Publishers and others with an interest in scientific publishing was held at the IADR International Session in Seattle. Organised by Kenneth Eaton and Chris Lynch (Chair and Secretary, respectively, of the British Dental Editors Forum), the meeting sought to bring together leading international experts in dental publishing, as well as authors, reviewers and students engaged in research. The meeting was an overwhelming success, with more than 100 attendees. A panel involving four leading dental editors led a discussion on anticipated developments in publishing dental research with much involvement and contribution from audience members. This was the third such meeting held at the IADR for Editors, Associate Editors, Publishers and others with an interest in scientific publishing. A follow up session will take place in Cape Town on 25 June 2014 as part of the annual IADR meeting. The transcript of the meeting is reproduced in this article. Where possible speakers are identified by name. At the first time of mention their role/ position is also stated, thereafter only their name appears. We are grateful to Stephen Hancocks Ltd for their generous sponsorship of this event. For those who were not able to attend the authors hope this article gives a flavour of the discussions and will encourage colleagues to attend future events. Involvement is open to Editors, Associate Editors, Publishers and others with an interest in scientific publishing. It is a very open group and all those with an interest will be welcome to join in.
Impaired health‐related quality of life in acute myeloid leukemia survivors: a single‐center study
Authors: Leunis Annemieke , Redekop William K. , Uyl‐de Groot Carin A. , Löwenberg Bob 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the impact of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its treatment on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) by comparing the HRQOL of AML survivors with the HRQOL in the general population.MethodsTwo HRQOL questionnaires (EQ‐5D and QLQ‐C30) were sent to patients diagnosed with AML between 1999 and 2011 at a single academic hospital and still alive in 2012. HRQOL in AML survivors was compared with general population reference values. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with HRQOL in AML survivors.ResultsQuestionnaires were returned by 92 of the 103 patients (89%). AML survivors reported significantly worse functioning, more fatigue, pain, dyspnea, appetite loss, and financial difficulties and lower EQ‐VAS scores than the general population (P < 0.05). Impaired HRQOL in AML survivors was mainly found in survivors without a paid job. Other factors associated with a poor HRQOL were allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the absence of social support.ConclusionThis single‐center study showed that the HRQOL in AML survivors is worse than the HRQOL in the general population. HRQOL in these patients can be improved by adequately treating and preventing fatigue, pain, dyspnea, and appetite loss.
Comparison of the blood supply to the articular‐epiphyseal growth complex in horse vs. pony foals
Authors: Hendrickson E. H. S. , Olstad K. , Nødtvedt A. , Pauwels E. , van Hoorebeke L. , Dolvik N. I. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyTo increase understanding of why the prevalence of clinical/radiographic osteochondrosis (OC) dissecans is high in horses and low in ponies.ObjectivesTo investigate whether the clinical difference in OC occurrence between horses and ponies could partly be explained by a difference in: 1) number of patent vessels in the epiphyseal growth cartilage; 2) duration of the presence of patent cartilage canals; or 3) growth cartilage thickness at predilection sites for OC. The hypothesis was that pony foals would have fewer cartilage canals, shorter duration of blood supply and thinner growth cartilage than horse foals.Study designObservational, cross‐sectional study.MethodsNine Standardbred foals (horse group) 1–49 days old and 11 Norwegian Fjord foals (pony group) 1–62 days old were included. A total of 15 anatomical locations in the tarsocrural and metatarsophalangeal joints were examined by one or more of the following techniques: arterial perfusion; photography of cleared specimens; microcomputed tomography; radiography; and histology. The number of cartilage canals was counted. Cartilage thickness was measured. Duration of blood supply was assessed in histological sections.ResultsOf the 3 common predilection sites for OC investigated, there were significantly fewer vessels (P = 0.003) and thinner cartilage (P = 0.002) at the distal lateral trochlear ridge of the talus in the pony group. There was no difference in the duration of presence of cartilage canals between the groups.ConclusionThe hypothesis that pony foals would have fewer cartilage canals and thinner growth cartilage than horse foals was confirmed for the lateral trochlear ridge of the talus. The current results may contribute towards an explanation for the low prevalence of OC at the distal lateral trochlear ridge of the talus in pony foals.
Re‐evaluation of the sepsis score in equine neonates
Authors: Weber E. J. , Sanchez L. C. , Giguère S. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyThe modified sepsis scoring system provides a method to identify sepsis in foals early in the disease process, but inconsistent results have been obtained from its clinical application in previous studies.ObjectivesTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the modified sepsis score in a larger population of foals. A secondary objective was to identify factors associated with sepsis.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsRecords were retrospectively analysed for neonatal admissions to the University of Florida Large Animal Hospital from 1982 to 2008. Backwards stepwise multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate objective clinical factors associated with sepsis. Receiver operating chararacteristic ROC curve analysis was performed on the modified sepsis score and used to determine an optimal cut point.ResultsA total of 1065 foals were included in the study. The modified sepsis score had a sensitivity of 56.4% and specificity of 73.4% for the originally suggested cut point (>11). Receiver operating chararacteristic analysis revealed an optimal cut point of >7 (sensitivity 84.4%, specificity 41.8%). The modified sepsis score performed better than the generated regression model which included age, creatinine, lymphocytes, potassium and IgG>8 g/l (P = 0.026). Diagnostic performance of the modified sepsis score did not change significantly over time.ConclusionsSensitivity and specificity of the modified sepsis score were not as high as previously documented, but the score still outperformed a regression model derived from objective clinical data.The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting information.
Temporal and spatial regulation of cAMP signaling in disease: role of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases
Authors: Otero Carolina , Peñaloza Juan P. , Rodas Paula I. , Fernández‐Ramires Ricardo , Velasquez Luis , Jung Juan E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSince its discovery, cAMP has been proposed as one of the most versatile second messengers. The remarkable feature of cAMP to tightly control highly diverse physiological processes, including metabolism, homeostasis, secretion, muscle contraction, cell proliferation and migration, immune response, and gene transcription, is reflected by millions of different articles worldwide. Compartmentalization of cAMP in space and time, maintained by mainly phosphodiesterases, contributes to the maintenance of equilibrium inside the cell where one signal can trigger many different events. Novel cAMP sensors seem to carry out certain unexpected signaling properties of cAMP and thereby to permit delicate adaptations of biologic responses. Measuring space and time events with biosensors will increase our current knowledge on the pathophysiology of diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cognitive impairment, cancer, and renal and heart failure. Further insights into the cAMP dynamics will help to optimize the pharmacological treatment for these diseases.
The AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel is a new hope in the treatment for epilepsy
Authors: El Desoky Ehab S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPerampanel is a novel drug recently approved as adjunctive therapy in epileptic patients aged 12 years and older who have drug‐resistant partial epilepsy with and without secondary generalization. Pharmacological researches revealed that perampanel reduces neuronal excitability by a non‐competitive antagonistic activity against the ionotropic alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors causing modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission. The pharmacological profile of the drug showed complete absorption following oral administration, and extensive metabolism in the liver by oxidation followed by glucuronidation with an elimination half‐life of approximately 53–165 h (average: 105 h), allowing once‐daily administration. Randomized placebo‐controlled trials demonstrated an effective dose range of the drug, between 4 and 12 mg/day, to significantly reduce seizure frequency in patients with partial‐onset seizure that are pharmacoresistant with a favorable tolerability profile. The most frequent adverse events of the drug reported in phase III clinical trials were dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, and headache. However, the data raised from the studies can give a hope that perampanel offers a valuable option as an adjuvant therapy for pharmacoresistant partial‐onset and secondarily generalized seizures.
Automated analysis of delayed emesis in the telemetered ferret: detection of synergistic effects of aprepitant and ondansetron
Authors: Goineau Sonia , Guillaume Philippe , Barrais Laurence , Castagné Vincent 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNausea and vomiting are common side effects of cancer chemotherapy. We have previously described a model in the ferret where delayed emesis can be measured automatically using telemetry. This study was designed to examine the sensitivity of this automated emesis model for detecting moderate and/or additive pharmacological effects by investigating low‐dose effects of aprepitant alone or in combination with ondansetron. Ferrets implanted with telemetry devices (Data Sciences International) were orally treated with aprepitant (0.03 mg/kg) and/or ondansetron (0.3 mg/kg) and then challenged with cisplatin (8 mg/kg, i.p.). Abdominal pressure was recorded in unrestrained animals from 18 to 72 h post‐challenge, and the pressure signals were automatically analyzed using adapted software (Emka Technologies). Ondansetron administered alone 1 h before cisplatin challenge had no significant effects on the delayed emesis phase. Once‐daily treatment with aprepitant (2 h before cisplatin and then 24 and 48 h after cisplatin challenge) slightly reduced the total number of emetic events (−32%, NS). When administered together, aprepitant and ondansetron exhibited synergistic effects on delayed‐phase emesis. The combined treatment markedly and significantly decreased the mean number of emetic events recorded between 24 and 54 h after cisplatin dosing (−75%, P < 0.05) and the total number of emetic events (−56%, p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that the automated cisplatin‐induced emesis model in the ferret is sensitive enough to detect the synergistic effects of aprepitant and ondansetron in combination, creating new and important perspectives for the evaluation of combined therapy in the reduction of side effects of cancer chemotherapy.
Occurrence and density of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae and juveniles in relation to environmental factors during the winter spawning season in the Kuroshio Current system
Authors: Takasuka Akinori , Kuroda Hiroshi , Okunishi Takeshi , Shimizu Yugo , Hirota Yuichi , Kubota Hiroshi , Sakaji Hideo , Kimura Ryo , Ito Shin‐Ichi , Oozeki Yoshioki 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe occurrence and density of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae and juveniles were examined in relation to environmental factors during the winter spawning season in the Kuroshio Current system, based on samples from extensive surveys off the Pacific coast of Japan in 2003–2012. Dense distributions of larvae and juveniles were observed in areas around and on the offshore side of the Kuroshio axis except during a large Kuroshio meander year (2005). The relationships of larval and juvenile occurrence and density given the occurrence to sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), and chlorophyll‐a concentration (CHL) were examined by generalized additive models for 10‐mm size classes up to 40 mm. In general, the optimal SST for larval and juvenile occurrence and density given the occurrence was consistently observed at 19–20°C. The patterns were more complex for SSS, but a peak in occurrence was observed at 34.75–34.80. In contrast, there were negative relationships of occurrence and density given the occurrence to CHL. These patterns tended to be consistent among different size classes, although the patterns differed for the smallest size class depending on environmental factors. Synthetically, the window for spawning and larval and juvenile occurrence and density seems to be largely determined by physical factors, in particular temperature. The environmental conditions which larvae and juveniles encounter would be maintained while they are transported. The survival success under the physically favorable but food‐poor conditions of the Kuroshio Current system could be key to their recruitment success.
Effects of recent and past climatic shifts on the genetic structure of the high mountain Yellow‐spotted ringlet butterfly Erebia manto (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae): a conservation problem
Authors: Schmitt Thomas , Habel Jan Christian , Rödder Dennis , Louy Dirk 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMountain species have evolved important genetic differentiation due to past climatic fluctuations. The genetic uniqueness of many of these lineages is now at risk due to global warming. Here, we analyse allozyme polymorphisms of 1306 individuals (36 populations) of the mountain butterfly Erebia manto and perform Species Distribution Models (SDMs). As a consensus of analyses, we obtained six most likely genetic clusters: (i) Pyrenees with Massif Central; (ii) Vosges; (iii–v) Alps including the Slovakian Carpathians; (vi) southern Carpathians. The Vosges population showed the strongest genetic split from all other populations, being almost as strong as the split between E. manto and its sister species Erebia eriphyle. The distinctiveness of the Pyrenees‐Massif Central group and of the southern Carpathians group from all other groups is also quite high. All three groups are assumed to have survived more than one full glacial–interglacial cycle close to their current distributions with up‐hill and down‐slope shifts conforming climatic conditions. In contrast with these well‐differentiated groups, the three groups present in the Alps and the Slovakian Carpathians show a much shallower genetic structure and thus also should be of a more recent origin. As predicted by our SDM projections, rising temperatures will strongly impact the distribution of E. manto. While the populations in the Alps are predicted to shrink, the survival of the three lineages present here should not be at risk. The situation of the three other lineages is quite different. All models predict the extinction of the Vosges lineage in the wake of global warming, and also the southern Carpathians and Pyrenees‐Massif Central lineages might be at high risk to disappear. Thus, albeit global warming will therefore be unlikely to threaten E. manto as a species, an important proportion of the species’ intraspecific differentiation and thus uniqueness might be lost.
Determination of tropical deforestation rates and related carbon losses from 1990 to 2010
Authors: Achard Frédéric , Beuchle René , Mayaux Philippe , Stibig Hans‐Jürgen , Bodart Catherine , Brink Andreas , Carboni Silvia , Desclée Baudouin , Donnay François , Eva Hugh D. , Lupi Andrea , Raši Rastislav , Seliger Roman , Simonetti Dario 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe estimate changes in forest cover (deforestation and forest regrowth) in the tropics for the two last decades (1990–2000 and 2000–2010) based on a sample of 4000 units of 10 ×10 km size. Forest cover is interpreted from satellite imagery at 30 × 30 m resolution. Forest cover changes are then combined with pan‐tropical biomass maps to estimate carbon losses. We show that there was a gross loss of tropical forests of 8.0 million ha yr−1 in the 1990s and 7.6 million ha yr−1 in the 2000s (0.49% annual rate), with no statistically significant difference. Humid forests account for 64% of the total forest cover in 2010 and 54% of the net forest loss during second study decade. Losses of forest cover and Other Wooded Land (OWL) cover result in estimates of carbon losses which are similar for 1990s and 2000s at 887 MtC yr−1 (range: 646–1238) and 880 MtC yr−1 (range: 602–1237) respectively, with humid regions contributing two‐thirds. The estimates of forest area changes have small statistical standard errors due to large sample size. We also reduce uncertainties of previous estimates of carbon losses and removals. Our estimates of forest area change are significantly lower as compared to national survey data. We reconcile recent low estimates of carbon emissions from tropical deforestation for early 2000s and show that carbon loss rates did not change between the two last decades. Carbon losses from deforestation represent circa 10% of Carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production during the last decade (2000–2010). Our estimates of annual removals of carbon from forest regrowth at 115 MtC yr−1 (range: 61–168) and 97 MtC yr−1 (53–141) for the 1990s and 2000s respectively are five to fifteen times lower than earlier published estimates.