bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The need for data standards in zoomorphology
Authors: Vogt Lars , Nickel Michael , Jenner Ronald A. , Deans Andrew R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstracteScience is a new approach to research that focuses on data mining and exploration rather than data generation or simulation. This new approach is arguably a driving force for scientific progress and requires data to be openly available, easily accessible via the Internet, and compatible with each other. eScience relies on modern standards for the reporting and documentation of data and metadata. Here, we suggest necessary components (i.e., content, concept, nomenclature, format) of such standards in the context of zoomorphology. We document the need for using data repositories to prevent data loss and how publication practice is currently changing, with the emergence of dynamic publications and the publication of digital datasets. Subsequently, we demonstrate that in zoomorphology the scientific record is still limited to published literature and that zoomorphological data are usually not accessible through data repositories. The underlying problem is that zoomorphology lacks the standards for data and metadata. As a consequence, zoomorphology cannot participate in eScience. We argue that the standardization of morphological data requires i) a standardized framework for terminologies for anatomy and ii) a formalized method of description that allows computer‐parsable morphological data to be communicable, compatible, and comparable. The role of controlled vocabularies (e.g., ontologies) for developing respective terminologies and methods of description is discussed, especially in the context of data annotation and semantic enhancement of publications. Finally, we introduce the International Consortium for Zoomorphology Standards, a working group that is open to everyone and whose aim is to stimulate and synthesize dialog about standards. It is the Consortium's ultimate goal to assist the zoomorphology community in developing modern data and metadata standards, including anatomy ontologies, thereby facilitating the participation of zoomorphology in eScience. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advanced MR techniques in multicenter clinical trials
Authors: Ashton Edward , Riek Jonathan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMRI has had a place in the clinical trials process for more than 20 years. However, for much of that time MRI has been used primarily for subjective interpretation and relatively straightforward structural measurements. More advanced MR techniques have been considered too difficult to implement consistently across multiple sites in a single trial—this despite the fact that these techniques often provide the best window into the direct effects of targeted therapeutics. As an example, numerous compounds are currently under development whose principle effect is to temporarily or permanently alter tumor microvasculature. Changes induced by these compounds typically manifest as reductions in blood flow and vascular permeability within tumors. These changes can be measured directly using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI. Early studies using this technique were limited to single centers, limiting both the overall size of the studies and the rate at which they were able to accrue patients. Recent efforts, however, have demonstrated that with sufficient attention to protocol design, imaging site selection and training, and analysis standardization, it is possible to obtain consistent and high quality results using even relatively complex acquisition protocols. This article will briefly review both the benefits and the drawbacks of including advanced MR techniques in clinical trial protocols. It will then review in detail the challenges presented by the need to deploy these techniques both to large research institutions and to community imaging centers which may have little or no familiarity with them at the outset of the trial. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:761–769. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proton MRS in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kantarci Kejal 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical syndrome operationalized for early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many individuals with MCI are at the prodromal stage of AD or other dementia. Various quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that measure the anatomic, biochemical, microstructural, functional, and blood‐flow changes are being evaluated as possible surrogate measures for early diagnosis and disease progression in MCI. The pathology underlying MCI is heterogeneous, dominated by AD, cerebrovascular disease, Lewy body disease, or a mixture of these pathologies in autopsy cohorts. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) metabolite markers may help identify and track etiologies that typically underlie MCI in the elderly. The role of proton MRS will be critical for pathophysiological processes for which a reliable biomarker does not exist such as neuronal dysfunction, glial and microglial activation in MCI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:770–777. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spin echo magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Jung Bernd André , Weigel Matthias 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe spin echo sequence is a fundamental pulse sequence in MRI. Many of today's applications in routine clinical use are based on this elementary sequence. In this review article, the principles of the spin echo formation are demonstrated on which the generation of the fundamental image contrasts T1, T2, and proton density is based. The basic imaging parameters repetition time (TR) and echo time (TE) and their influence on the image contrast are explained. Important properties such as the behavior in multi‐slice imaging or in the presence of flow are depicted and the basic differences with gradient echo imaging are illustrated. The characteristics of the spin echo sequence for different magnetic field strengths with respect to clinical applications are discussed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:805–817. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BOLD fMRI in infants under sedation: Comparing the impact of pentobarbital and propofol on auditory and language activation
Authors: Di Francesco Mark W. , Robertson Sara A. , Karunanayaka Prasanna , Holland Scott K. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeTo elucidate differences in the disruption of language network function, as measured by blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast functional MRI (fMRI), attributable to two common sedative agents administered to infants under clinical imaging protocols.Materials and MethodsThe sedatives pentobarbital (Nembutal) and Propofol, administered clinically to infants at 1 year of age, were compared with respect to BOLD activation profiles in response to passive story‐listening stimulation. An intermittent event‐related imaging protocol was used with which the temporal evolution of language processing resulting from this stimulation was explored.ResultsPropofol and Nembutal were found to have distinct and complementary responses to story‐listening. Propofol exhibited more activation in higher processing networks with increasing response toward the end of narrative stimulus. Nembutal, in contrast, had much more robust activation of primary and secondary sensory cortices but a decreasing response over time in fronto‐parietal default‐mode regions. This may suggest a breakdown of top‐down feedback for Propofol versus the lack of bottom‐up feed‐forward processing for Nembutal.ConclusionTwo popular sedative agents for use in children for clinical fMRI were found to induce distinct alteration of activation patterns from a language stimulus. This has ramifications for clinical fMRI of sedated infants and encourages further study to build a framework for more confident interpretation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1184–1195. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Raman characterization of the interactions between gliadins and anthocyanins
Authors: Taddei Paola , Zanna Nicola , Tozzi Silvia 
Published: March 2013

Gliadins, the major proteins of the wheat flour, are a family of monomeric and disulphide‐bonded proteins formed by a non‐repetitive domain rich in α‐helix structures and heterogeneous repetitive domains rich in β‐reverse turns.Gliadins may be strong food allergens, and many studies have explored the mechanisms of gluten allergenicity, with the final aim to properly modify gluten proteins in order to decrease allergen immunoreactivity.In the present study, Raman spectroscopy was used to gain more insights into the conformational changes of gliadins upon interaction with different anthocyanins (kuromanin, callistephin, oenin, cyanin, pelargonin, malvin). Anthocyanins are powerful antioxidant molecules with anti‐carcinogenic properties and largely widespread natural colorants present in vegetables and flowers.Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the anthocyanins under study induce in gliadins conformational changes of different extents. The treatment with malvin, kuromanin and callistephin induced significant changes in the tyrosine environment, while pelargonin, oenin and cyanin did not. The treatment with any of the anthocyanins altered the distribution of the disulphide conformations: the gauche‐gauche‐trans conformation increased at the expenses of the gauche‐gauche‐gauche conformation. Malvin and pelargonin provoked a significant decrease of the β‐turns content. Since both the latter structural elements have been related to gluten allergenicity, anthocyanins appeared interesting molecules, in the context of the attempts to modify gliadins with the aim to decrease allergen immunoreactivity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Checklists of methodological issues for review authors to consider when including non‐randomized studies in systematic reviews
Authors: Wells George A , Shea Beverley , Higgins Julian PT , Sterne Jonathan , Tugwell Peter , Reeves Barnaby C 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThere is increasing interest from review authors about including non‐randomized studies (NRS) in their systematic reviews of health care interventions. This series from the Ottawa Non‐Randomized Studies Workshop consists of six papers identifying methodological issues when doing this.AimTo format the guidance from the preceding papers on study design and bias, confounding and meta‐analysis, selective reporting, and applicability/directness into checklists of issues for review authors to consider when including NRS in a systematic review.ChecklistsChecklists were devised providing frameworks to describe/assess: (1) study designs based on study design features; (2) risk of residual confounding and when to consider meta‐analysing data from NRS; (3) risk of selective reporting based on the Cochrane framework for detecting selective outcome reporting in trials but extended to selective reporting of analyses; and (4) directness of evidence contributed by a study to aid integration of NRS findings into summary of findings tables.SummaryThe checklists described will allow review groups to operationalize the inclusion of NRS in systematic reviews in a more consistent way. The next major step is extending the existing Cochrane Risk of Bias tool so that it can assess the risk of bias to NRS included in a review. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐randomized studies as a source of complementary, sequential or replacement evidence for randomized controlled trials in systematic reviews on the effects of interventions
Authors: Schünemann Holger J. , Tugwell Peter , Reeves Barnaby C. , Akl Elie A. , Santesso Nancy , Spencer Frederick A. , Shea Beverley , Wells George , Helfand Mark 
Published: March 2013

The terms applicability, generalizability, external validity and transferability are related, sometimes used interchangeably and have in common that they lack a clear and consistent definition in the classic epidemiological literature. However, all of these terms generally describe one overarching theme: whether or not available research evidence can be directly utilized to answer the healthcare questions at hand, ideally supported by a judgment about the degree of confidence for this utilization. This concept has been called directness. The objectives of this paper were to delineate how non‐randomized studies (NRS) inform judgments in relation to directness and the concepts that it encompasses in the context of systematic reviews. We will briefly review what is known and describe the theoretical and practical issues as well as offer guidance to those tackling the challenges of judging directness and using research evidence to answer healthcare questions with evidence from NRS.In particular, we suggest a framework in which authors can use NRS as a complement, sequence or replacement for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) by focusing on judgments about the population, intervention, comparison and outcomes. Authors of systematic reviews will use NRS to complement judgments about the inconsistencies, the rationale and credibility of subgroup analysis, the baseline risk estimates for the determination of absolute benefits and downsides, and the directness of surrogate outcomes. This evidence includes contextual or supplementary evidence. Authors of systematic review and other summaries of the evidence use NRS as sequential evidence to provide evidence when insufficient evidence is available for an outcome from RCTs, but NRS evidence is available (e.g., long‐term harms). Use of evidence from NRS may also serve to replace RCT evidence when NRS provide equivalent (or potentially higher) confidence in the evidence (i.e. quality) compared to indirect evidence from RCTs. These judgments will be made in the context of other domains that influence the overall quality of the body of evidence, including the risk of bias, publication bias (i.e. limitations in the detailed study design and execution), inconsistency, imprecision and factors that increase our confidence in effects.This article will support systematic reviewers in their interaction with decision makers, that is, those who use the systematic review to develop guidelines, address health policy makers, and make clinical decisions, by making these judgments transparent. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological and Environmental Correlates of HPA Axis Functioning in Parentally Bereaved Children: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Kaplow Julie B. , Shapiro Danielle N. , Wardecker Britney M. , Howell Kathryn H. , Abelson James L. , Worthman Carol M. , Prossin Alan R. 
Published: March 2013

This study examined bereaved children's HPA‐axis functioning (cortisol awakening response; CAR) in relation to psychological distress, coping, and surviving parents' grief reactions. Participants included 38 children (20 girls) with recent parental loss (previous 6 months) and 28 of their surviving caregivers (23 women) who were assessed using self‐report instruments and in‐person, semistructured interviews. Interviews involved discussions about the child's thoughts and feelings related to the loss. Participants provided 3 saliva samples at home (awakening, 30 minutes later, and evening) over 3 successive days, beginning on the day following the interview. Results show a significant relation between dampening of the child's Day 1 CAR and more symptoms of anxiety (r = −.45), depression (r = −.40), posttraumatic stress (r = −.45), and maladaptive grief (r = −.43), as well as higher levels of avoidant coping (r = −.53). Higher levels of parental maladaptive grief were also associated (r = −.47) with a dampening of the child's Day 1 CAR. Our results raise the possibility that blunted CAR may be a result of accumulating allostatic load and/or a result of emotionally challenging events (discussions regarding the deceased) and their subsequent processing (or lack thereof) within the family, which may be particularly stressful for those bereaved children experiencing high levels of psychological distress, avoidant coping, and parental maladaptive grief.
The Associations Between Coping Self‐Efficacy and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms 10 Years Postdisaster: Differences Between Men and Women
Authors: Bosmans Mark W. G. , Benight Charles C. , van der Knaap Leontien M. , Winkel Frans Willem , van der Velden Peter G. 
Published: March 2013

The mediating role of coping self‐efficacy (CSE) perceptions between disaster‐related posttraumatic stress symptoms (PSS) in the intermediate term (4 years postevent) and PSS in the long term (10 years postevent) were examined. Participants were 514 adult Dutch native residents affected by the Enschede fireworks disaster. The disaster (May, 2000) was caused by a massive explosion in a fireworks storage facility that destroyed a residential area. Multiple regression analysis and path analysis were used to examine the mediating role of CSE and whether the mediating role was the same for men and women. Age, education, disaster exposure, home destruction, optimism, and stressful life events were also taken into account. Regression analysis showed that the former variables were not associated with PSS at 10 years postevent, in contrast to PSS at 4 years, and were therefore omitted from the path analyses. CSE assessed at 10 years postdisaster partially mediated the relationship between PSS at 4 and PSS at 10 years postdisaster. Post hoc multigroup analysis showed that this effect was significantly stronger for men, whereas the association between PSS at 4 and 10 years postevent was stronger for women. PSS at 10 years postevent were better predicted among men (explained variance 59.5% vs 50.8%).
Preliminary Evidence for a Unique Role of Disgust‐Based Conditioning in Posttraumatic Stress
Authors: Badour Christal L. , Feldner Matthew T. , Blumenthal Heidemarie , Knapp Ashley 
Published: March 2013

Independent lines of evidence have linked posttraumatic stress symptomatology to both peritraumatic disgust (i.e., disgust experienced during a traumatic event) and posttraumatic disgust reactivity in response to traumatic event cues among individuals exposed to traumatic events. Much of this work suggests disgust, defined as a rejection/revulsion response aimed at distancing oneself from a potential source of contamination, may be important in understanding the nature of posttraumatic stress reactions even after accounting for the more frequently studied affective states of fear and anxiety. The current investigation provided a preliminary test of a model of disgust in posttraumatic stress among a sample of 54 community‐recruited women with a history sexual victimization. Both peritraumatic disgust (r = .31) and posttraumatic disgust reactivity (r = .42) in response to an idiographic traumatic event script were significantly associated with posttraumatic stress symptom severity. After accounting for variability‐associated peritraumatic fear and posttraumatic anxious reactivity, an indirect effect of peritraumatic disgust through posttraumatic disgust reactivity also was found, suggesting that one mechanism through which peritraumatic disgust relates to posttraumatic stress is through its relation with increased posttraumatic disgust reactivity. These findings highlight the importance of further elucidating the nature of disgust in relation to traumatic events and subsequent posttraumatic stress reactions.
Facile Fabrication of Multistimuli‐Responsive Metallo‐Supramolecular Core Cross‐Linked Block Copolymer Micelles
Authors: Ge Zhishen , Liu Shiyong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMetallo‐supramolecular core cross‐linked (CCL) micelles are fabricated from terpyridine‐functionalized double hydrophilic block copolymers, poly(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate‐co‐4′‐(6‐methacryloxyhexyloxy)‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine) [PMEO2MA‐b‐P(DEA‐co‐TPHMA)] via the formation of bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II) complexes. These metallo‐supramolecular CCL micelles exhibit not only high structural integrity under different pH values and temperatures in aqueous solution, but multistimuli responsiveness including pH‐responsive cores, thermo‐responsive shells, and reversible dissociation of bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II) complexes upon addition of competitive metal ion chelator, which allows for precisely controlled release of the encapsulated hydrophobic guest molecules via the combination of different stimuli.magnified image
Some inequalities involving eigenvalues of the Neumann Laplacian
Authors: Enache C. , Philippin G.A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the eigenvalues of the Neumann Laplacian on various classes of domains of given measure: simply‐connected Lipschitz planar domains, n‐sided planar polygons and smooth N‐dimensional domains. In each case, we consider some quantities involving low eigenvalues of the Neumann Laplacian for which we obtain new inequalities. Moreover, we sharpen a universal bound derived by M. Ashbaugh and R. Benguria for sum of reciprocal of Neumann eigenvalues. Our investigations make use of some properties of conformal mappings, Bessel functions, symmetric domains or some isoperimetric inequalities for moments of inertia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controllability of Boolean control networks with impulsive effects and forbidden states
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Hongwei , Wu Bo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates the controllability of Boolean control networks (BCNs) with impulsive effects while avoiding certain forbidden states. Using semi‐tensor product of matrices, the BCNs with impulsive effects can be converted into impulsive discrete‐time systems. Then, some necessary and sufficient conditions for the controllability are obtained. It is interesting to find that impulsive effects play an important role in the controllability of BCNs. Finally, an example is given to show the efficiency of the obtained results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on the systems of the Volterra integral forms of the Lane–Emden equations by the Adomian decomposition method
Authors: Wazwaz Abdul‐Majid , Rach Randolph , Duan Jun‐Sheng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce systems of Volterra integral forms of the Lane–Emden equations. We use the systematic Adomian decomposition method to handle these systems of integral forms. The Volterra integral forms overcome the singular behavior at the origin x = 0. The Adomian decomposition method gives reliable algorithm for analytic approximate solutions of these systems. Our results are supported by investigating several numerical examples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A microstrip bandpass filter based on inductive coupled quarter‐wavelength resonators
Authors: Cheng Fei , Lin Xianqi , Zhang PengCheng , Song Kaijun , Fan Yong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article proposes a compact filter using inductive coupled quarter‐wavelength resonators.The coupling between the quarter‐wavelength resonators is realized by a short‐end stub which behaves as a K‐inverter. As a result, the coupling coefficient of the resonators can be easily controlled by the length of the short‐end stub. A fourth‐order filter is designed and fabricated to demonstrate the proposed method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1031–1033, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27469
Active GaN MMIC diplexer based on distributed amplification concept
Authors: Mata‐Contreras Javier , Palombini Diego , Martín‐Guerrero Teresa M. , Bentini A. , Camacho‐Peñalosa Carlos , Limiti Ernesto 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA review of the fundamentals of distributed amplification is presented along with the design and performance of a novel dual‐band/diplexer monolithic distributed amplifier based on the combination of CRLH and RH transmission lines. The MMIC prototype, operating in the C‐band and featuring a 10 dB gain with less than −20 dB crosstalk levels, represents the first monolithic implementation in GaN technology for this type of topology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1041–1045, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27471