bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Innate Antiviral Gene Expression, IFN-α, and Cytolytic Responses Are Predictive of Mucosal Immune Recovery during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Verhoeven David , George Michael D. , Hu William , Dang Angeline T. , Smit-McBride Zeljka , Reay Elizabeth , Macal Monica , Fenton Anne , Sankaran-Walters Sumathi , Dandekar Satya 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The mucosa that lines the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts is an important portal of entry for pathogens and provides the first line of innate immune defense against infections. Although an abundance of memory CD4+ T cells at mucosal sites render them highly susceptible to HIV infection, the gut and not the lung experiences severe and sustained CD4+ T cell depletion and tissue disruption. We hypothesized that distinct immune responses in the lung and gut during the primary and chronic stages of viral infection contribute to these differences. Using the SIV model of AIDS, we performed a comparative analysis of the molecular and cellular characteristics of host responses in the gut and lung. Our findings showed that both mucosal compartments harbor similar percentages of memory CD4+ T cells and displayed comparable cytokine (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) responses to mitogenic stimulations prior to infection. However, despite similar viral replication and CD4+ T cell depletion during primary SIV infection, CD4+ T cell restoration kinetics in the lung and gut diverged during acute viral infection. The CD4+ T cells rebounded or were preserved in the lung mucosa during chronic viral infection, which correlated with heightened induction of type I IFN signaling molecules and innate viral restriction factors. In contrast, the lack of CD4+ T cell restoration in the gut was associated with dampened immune responses and diminished expression of viral restriction factors. Thus, unique immune mechanisms contribute to the differential response and protection of pulmonary versus GI mucosa and can be leveraged to enhance mucosal recovery.
Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Is a Central Regulator of Macrophage Three-Dimensional Invasion, Matrix Degradation, and Adhesion
Authors: Fleetwood Andrew J. , Achuthan Adrian , Schultz Heidi , Nansen Anneline , Almholt Kasper , Usher Pernille , Hamilton John A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) coordinate a plasmin-mediated proteolytic cascade that has been implicated in cell adhesion, cell motility, and matrix breakdown, for example, during inflammation. As part of their function during inflammatory responses, macrophages move through tissues and encounter both two-dimensional (2D) surfaces and more complex three-dimensional (3D) interstitial matrices. Based on approaches employing uPA gene–deficient macrophages, plasminogen supplementation, and neutralization with specific protease inhibitors, it is reported in this study that uPA activity is a central component of the invasion of macrophages through a 3D Matrigel barrier; it also has a nonredundant role in macrophage-mediated matrix degradation. For murine macrophages, matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity was found to be required for these uPA-mediated effects. Evidence for a unique role for uPA in the inverse relationship between macrophage adhesion and 2D migration was also noted: macrophage adhesion to vitronectin was enhanced by uPA and blocked by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, the latter approach also able to enhance in turn the 2D migration on this matrix protein. It is therefore proposed that uPA can have a key role in the inflammatory response at several levels as a central regulator of macrophage 3D invasion, matrix remodeling, and adhesion.
Percutaneous Ultrasound-guided Central Venous Catheters: The Lateral In-plane Technique for Internal Jugular Vein Access
Authors: Rossi Umberto G. , Rigamonti Paolo , Tichà Vladimira , Zoffoli Elena , Giordano Antonino , Gallieni Maurizio , Cariati Maurizio 
Published: March 2014

Purpose To describe the possible ultrasound guidance techniques for the insertion of central venous catheters (CVCs), with emphasis particularly to the lateral short axis in-plane technique. Methods Numerous articles have shown significant benefits of using ultrasound guidance for venous access. Two main approaches to vein puncture are available, when considering visualization of the needle during its entry into the vein under the ultrasound beam: in-plane and out-of-plane, which can be combined with two types of vein visualization, placing the ultrasound probe on the vein long axis or short axis. Results Advantages and limitations in internal jugular vein (IJV) cannulation for long-term dialysis CVCs are described for the above-mentioned approaches and visualizations. The lateral short axis in-plane technique has virtually no limitations, ensuring most benefits. Conclusions The lateral short axis in-plane technique should be considered the first-line technique for IJV cannulation.
Effect of Lanthanum as a Promoter on Fe-Co/SiO2 Catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Abbasi Ali , Ghasemi Mohamadreza , Sadighi Sepehr 
Published: March 2014

Iron-Cobalt catalyst is well known from both operational and economical aspects for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Effort to increase the efficiency of this kind of catalyst is an important research topic. In this work, the effect of lanthanum on characteristic behavior, conversion and selectivity of a Fe-Co/SiO2 Fischer-Tropsch catalyst was studied. The Fe-Co-La/SiO2 Catalysts were prepared using an incipient wetness impregnation method. These catalysts were then characterized by XRF-EDAX, BET and TPR techniques, and their performance were evaluated in a lab-scale reactor at 250ºC, H2/CO = 1.8 of molar ratio, 16 barg pressure and GHSV=600 h-1. TPR analysis showed that the addition of La lowered the reduction temperature of Fe-Co catalyst, and due to a lower temperature, the sintering of the catalyst can be mitigated. Furthermore, from the micro reactor tests (about 4 days), it was found that lanthanum promoted catalyst had higher selectivity toward hydrocarbons, and lower selectivity toward CO2. © 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Activity of Aniline Methylation over Fe-Cu-Cr Ternary Spinel Systems
Authors: George Reni , George Kochurani , Sugunan Sankaran 
Published: March 2014

A series of spinels having thegeneral formula CuCr2-xFexO4 with x=0.25,0.75, 1.25, 1.75 were prepared by co-precipitation method. The catalysts werecharacterized by various physico-chemical methods like XRD, BET, UV-DRS, SEM,EDX, TPD etc. The reaction of aniline with methanol was studied in a fixed-bedreactor system as a potential source for the production of various methylanilines. It was observed that systems possessing low ‘x’ values are highlyselective and active for N-monoalkylation of aniline leading toN-methylaniline. Reaction parameters were properly varied to optimize thereaction conditions for obtaining N-methylaniline selectively and in betteryield. Among the systems CuCr1.75Fe0.25O4 isremarkable due to its very high activity and excellent stability. Under theoptimized conditions N-methylaniline selectivity exceeded 91%. CuCr1.25Fe0.75O4gives better conversion than CuCr1.75Fe0.25O4in CuCr2-xFexO4 series. The Lewis acid sitesof the catalysts are mainly responsible for the good catalytic performance. © 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Final closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean along the Solonker Suture Zone: Constraints from geochronological and geochemical data of Permian volcanic and sedimentary rocks
Authors: Eizenhöfer Paul R. , Zhao Guochun , Zhang Jian , Sun Min 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThere is a broad consensus that the Solonker Suture Zone marks the final closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean, which led to the formation of the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. However, when and how the final closure occurred still remains controversial. To address this issue, provenance analysis of Permian sedimentary rocks of arc basins along the Xar Moron River was carried out. Geochemical analysis revealed a close relationship between the sedimentary and volcanic rock suite in the study region suggesting short transport distances and a complex convergent arc setting. Detrital zircon U‐Pb analysis identified two major age provenances: (1) the Precambrian basement of the North China Craton (~2497 Ma and ~1844 Ma) and (2) the Paleozoic Southern Accretionary Orogen along the northern margin of North China (~436 Ma and ~269 Ma). The present locations of identified age provenances indicate southward subduction beneath the northern margin of North China. A comparison of the youngest age population in the sedimentary rocks with U‐Pb ages obtained for subduction‐related volcanic rocks implies that the Solonker Suture Zone formed from the Late Permian to Early Triassic. The results of our study advocate a complex Permian arc system which was probably similar to present‐day Southeast Asia.
Body temperature and thermal environment in a generalized arboreal anthropoid, wild mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata)
Authors: Thompson Cynthia L. , Williams Susan H. , Glander Kenneth E. , Teaford Mark F. , Vinyard Christopher J. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTFree‐ranging primates are confronted with the challenge of maintaining an optimal range of body temperatures within a thermally dynamic environment that changes daily, seasonally, and annually. While many laboratory studies have been conducted on primate thermoregulation, we know comparatively little about the thermal pressures primates face in their natural, evolutionarily relevant environment. Such knowledge is critical to understanding the evolution of thermal adaptations in primates and for comparative evaluation of humans' unique thermal adaptations. We examined temperature and thermal environment in free‐ranging, mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in a tropical dry forest in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We recorded subcutaneous (Tsc) and near‐animal ambient temperatures (Ta) from 11 animals over 1586.5 sample hours during wet and dry seasons. Howlers displayed considerable variation in Tsc, which was largely attributable to circadian effects. Despite significant seasonal changes in the ambient thermal environment, howlers showed relatively little evidence for seasonal changes in Tsc. Howlers experienced warm thermal conditions which led to body cooling relative to the environment, and plateaus in Tsc at increasingly warm Ta. They also frequently faced cool thermal conditions (Ta < Tsc) in which Tsc was markedly elevated compared with Ta. These data add to a growing body of evidence that non‐human primates have more labile body temperatures than humans. Our data additionally support a hypothesis that, despite inhabiting a dry tropical environment, howling monkeys experience both warm and cool thermal pressures. This suggests that thermal challenges may be more prevalent for primates than previously thought, even for species living in nonextreme thermal environments. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:1–10, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Macroporous polystyrene resins as adsorbents for the removal of tetracycline antibiotics from an aquatic environment
Authors: Chao Yanhong , Zhu Wenshuai , Yan Bin , Lin Yaobao , Xun Suhang , Ji Haiyan , Wu Xiangyang , Li Huaming , Han Changri 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTSix macroporous polystyrene resins (strong‐acid resins D001, D061, D072, and NKC‐9, strong‐base resin D201, and alkalescent resin D370) were selected as adsorbents for removing tetracycline (TC) and doxycycline hydrochloride (DC) from aqueous solutions. The solution pH and ionic strength had significant effects on the sorption of TC and DC. The basic resins D201 and D370 exhibited strong sorption capabilities (70.08–105.60 mg/g) at pH 4–9, but strong‐acid resins showed good sorption abilities only under acidic conditions of pH 2–3 (83.30–95.78 mg/g). The inhibitory effect of the ionic strength was much weaker for D370 than for D201. The adsorption ratio of TC and DC on D201 and D370 were all above 90% when the amount of adsorbent exceeded 50 mg. By performing kinetic experiments, we determined that the pseudo‐second‐order model fit the data best for DC sorption on the six resins and TC sorption on D201 and D370, but the pseudo‐first‐order model fit the data of TC sorption on the four strong‐acid resins better at pH 7.0. Intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate‐controlling step, and an initial external mass transfer or chemical reaction might have existed in the sorption process. The Langmuir equation was the best isotherm equation to describe the sorption with a monolayer sorption maximum larger than 98.04 mg/g under all temperatures. Thermodynamic studies showed that the sorption of TC and DC on the resins was thermodynamically feasible and spontaneous. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40561.
Photostabilization of polypropylene by surface modified rutile‐type TiO2 nanorods
Authors: Qi Lin , Ding Yanfen , Dong Quanxiao , Wen Bin , Wang Feng , Zhang Shimin , Yang Mingshu 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTRutile‐type titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods were prepared, superficially modified and tested for the protection of polypropylene (PP) from the UVB and UVC irradiations. The silica coating blocked the active sites on the nanorods and the following calcination further reduced the amount of surface hydroxyl groups and thus, made the TiO2 nanorods more efficient against the photodegradation. Compared with spherical TiO2 nanoparticles, the calcined silica‐coated TiO2 nanorods demonstrated good photostabilization efficiency due to the excellent shielding effect and the improved dispersion of the nanoparticles in PP matrix. When used in combination with the conventional hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS), CHIMASSORB® 944, the surface modified TiO2 nanorods revealed strong synergistic effect during the photo‐oxidation of the PP composites. The capacity of photostabilization was much higher than the combination with the commercial spherical TiO2 nanoparticles and even higher than the typical HALS photostabilization system containing hindered phenol TINUVIN® 328. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40601.
Attachment Interventions with Foster and Adoptive Parents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kerr Laura , Cossar Jill 
Published: March 2014

Children who have been adopted or fostered are at high risk of experiencing interpersonal difficulties and placement breakdown may occur if these difficulties are not addressed through interventions. The aim of this review was to identify the impact of attachment interventions with foster and adoptive parents on children's behavioural, emotional and relational functioning. A systematic search process was undertaken; electronic databases were searched; key journals were hand searched; reference lists of included articles were searched; and authors who have published work in the field were contacted. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. There is some evidence to support the positive impact of these interventions for children, particularly young children aged six months to six years. However, overall, the studies were of relatively poor methodological quality, making conclusions about the efficacy of these interventions difficult. Further research is therefore required to draw clearer conclusions about the impact of attachment interventions for fostered and adopted children. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Ten studies met the inclusion criteria’Key Practitioner MessagesA number of the reviewed studies reported positive outcomes in child behavioural functioning and to a lesser degree in emotional and relational functioning following intervention.Interventions focused on constructs such as parental sensitivity, attunement to the child and the impact of abuse and neglect on attachment to new caregivers.When quality criteria were applied, two studies focused on children aged six months to six years were found to be methodologically strong, providing some evidence for the benefit of early attachment‐based interventions within this population.‘Two studies focused on children aged six months to six years were found to be methodologically strong’
Enantiomeric Separation of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐Based 2‐Amino‐3‐Carboxylic Acids on Macrocyclic Glycopeptide Chiral Stationary Phases
Authors: Pataj Zoltán , Ilisz István , Grecsó Nóra , Palkó Márta , Fülöp Ferenc , Armstrong Daniel W. , Péter Antal 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTDirect high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of four bicyclo[2.2.2]octane based 2‐amino‐3‐carboxylic acid enantiomers were developed on chiral stationary phases (CSPs) containing different macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotic selectors. The analyses were performed under reversed‐phase, polar organic and polar ionic mode on macrocyclic‐glycopeptide‐based Chirobiotic T, T2, TAG, and R columns. The effects of the mobile phase composition including the acid and base modifier, the structure of the analytes, and the temperature on the separations were investigated. Experiments were achieved at constant mobile phase compositions on different stationary phases in the temperature range 5–40°C. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated from plots of ln k or ln α versus 1/T. It was recognized that the enantioseparations in reversed‐phase and polar organic mode were enthalpically driven, but under polar‐ionic conditions entropically driven enantioseparation was observed as well. Baseline separation and determination of elution sequence were achieved in all cases. Chirality 26:200–208, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Primate adult brain cell autotransplantation produces behavioral and biological recovery in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐induced parkinsonian St. Kitts monkeys
Authors: Bloch Jocelyne , Brunet Jean‐François , McEntire Caleb R.S. , Redmond D. Eugene 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe potential for “replacement cells” to restore function in Parkinson's disease has been widely reported over the past 3 decades, rejuvenating the central nervous system rather than just relieving symptoms. Most such experiments have used fetal or embryonic sources that may induce immunological rejection and generate ethical concerns. Autologous sources, in which the cells to be implanted are derived from recipients' own cells after reprogramming to stem cells, direct genetic modifications, or epigenetic modifications in culture, could eliminate many of these problems. In a previous study on autologous brain cell transplantation, we demonstrated that adult monkey brain cells, obtained from cortical biopsies and kept in culture for 7 weeks, exhibited potential as a method of brain repair after low doses of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) caused dopaminergic cell death. The present study exposed monkeys to higher MPTP doses to produce significant parkinsonism and behavioral impairments. Cerebral cortical cells were biopsied from the animals, held in culture for 7 weeks to create an autologous neural cell “ecosystem” and reimplanted bilaterally into the striatum of the same six donor monkeys. These cells expressed neuroectodermal and progenitor markers such as nestin, doublecortin, GFAP, neurofilament, and vimentin. Five to six months after reimplantation, histological analysis with the dye PKH67 and unbiased stereology showed that reimplanted cells survived, migrated bilaterally throughout the striatum, and seemed to exert a neurorestorative effect. More tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive neurons and significant behavioral improvement followed reimplantation of cultured autologous neural cells as a result of unknown trophic factors released by the grafts. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2729–2740, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spine morphogenesis in newborn granule cells is differentially regulated in the outer and middle molecular layers
Authors: Zhao Chunmei , Jou Jessica , Wolff Lisa J. , Sun Huaiyu , Gage Fred H. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTNew neurons are continuously added to the hippocampus of adult mammals. Their survival and integration into the circuitry are highly dependent on experience. Here we show that mushroom spine formation in newborn granule cells was modulated by experience and that dendritic segments in different areas of the molecular layer were differentially regulated. Specifically, spines of new neurons in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus were more readily influenced by nonspatial features in the living environment. Those in the middle molecular layer were more likely to be influenced by the size of the living environment. Therefore, the activity of cortical inputs into newborn granule cells may be reflected in the formation of mushroom spines in different dendritic segments in the molecular layer. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2756–2766, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metastatic carotid body paraganglioma detected during evaluation for biliary stone disease
Authors: Oakes Alison , Witt Benjamin , Adler Douglas G. 
Published: March 2014

Carotid body paragangliomas are neuroendocrine cell tumors. Most invade locally to surrounding tissues with metastases being less commonly encountered than with other tumors: a minority of tumors metastasizes to distal sites. Spread is more unusual after surgical removal of the primary tumor. Hepatic spread is very rare but has been documented. We report a case of a clinically silent metastatic paraganglioma identified during an evaluation for choledocholithiasis.We describe a 70‐year‐old female presenting with symptoms of abdominal pain who was found to have cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis. MRI imaging performed during evaluation revealed enhancing liver and lung lesions suspicious for metastasis. FNA of a hepatic lesion showed paraganglioma. She had a remote history of bilateral carotid body tumors, of which the left tumor was resected in 2005.This is a rare case of metastatic carotid body paraganglioma. Primary tumor source was a resected tumor or a smaller sized nodule that was managed with serial imaging. The subject's lack of symptoms and her disease extent with confirmed hepatic and presumed pulmonary spread is unique. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:868–871. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.