bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Dyslipidemia and Diabetes Mellitus on Chronic Periodontal Disease
Authors: Almeida Abdo Juliane , Cirano Fabiano Ribeiro , Casati Marcio Zaffalon , Ribeiro Fernanda Vieira , Giampaoli Viviana , Viana Casarin Renato Corrêa , Pimentel Suzana Peres 
Published: November 2012

Background: Periodontal disease is closely related to certain systemic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), and, as recently described, dyslipidemia, a condition with alterations in blood lipids levels. However, more than acting as disease modifiers, these conditions commonly occur as comorbidities, possibly synergically affecting periodontal tissues. The aim of the current study is to identify whether DM2 and dyslipidemia are related to the occurrence and severity of chronic periodontitis.Methods: A total of 254 individuals participated: 56 were patients with DM2, 67 had dyslipidemia, 74 had DM2 and dyslipidemia, and 57 were systemically healthy individuals. The clinical examination included a full‐mouth evaluation of periodontal probing depth, plaque score, bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level (CAL). Blood samples were taken to assess fasting plasma glucose, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels. These parameters, as well as other medical conditions (i.e., smoking habits and body mass index), were considered in multiple regression analyses for data analyses (α = 5%).Results: Dyslipidemia was not related to periodontal disease (P >0.05). At the same time, DM2, age, and smoking showed a statistical and positive association, an increase in percentage of sites with CAL ≥3 and ≥5 mm. Regarding the percentage of sites presenting severe destruction (CAL ≥7 mm), only DM2 remained a significant risk factor (P <0.05).Conclusions: It could be concluded that dyslipidemia did not influence periodontal conditions in participants with normal health or those with DM2. However, age, smoking habits, and especially DM2 were significantly associated with loss of CAL.
WaveLight FS200 vs Hansatome LASIK: Intraoperative Determination of Flap Characteristics and Predictability by Hand-held Bioptigen Spectral Domain Ophthalmic Imaging System
Authors: Shetty Rohit , Malhotra Chintan , D’Souza Sharon , Wadia Kareeshma 
Published: November 2012

PURPOSE:
To intraoperatively determine and compare the characteristics and predictability of LASIK flaps made by the WaveLight FS200 femtosecond laser (Alcon Laboratories Inc) and Hansatome (Bausch & Lomb) microkeratome using a hand-held spectral domain ophthalmic imaging system (Bioptigen Inc).

METHODS:
Sixty eyes from 30 patients undergoing bilateral LASIK were prospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into two equal groups to undergo flap creation with either 100-μm femtosecond laser flaps (FS flap group) or 120-μm microkeratome flaps (MK flap group). Flap thickness was measured intraoperatively after creation of the flap but prior to lifting using the hand-held probe of the spectral domain imaging system. Geometry of the flap edge and smoothness of the stromal bed after lifting the flap was also evaluated in all cases.

RESULTS:

Mean difference between planned and achieved flap thickness in the paracentral region was 2.84±3.16 mm for the FS flap group and 11.33±10.27 mm for the MK flap group, whereas in the periphery, it was 5.72±3.26 mm in the FS flap group and 24.67±10.35 mm in the MK flap group. The differences between groups were statistically significant (
P
<0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test). The edges of the flaps were vertical in the FS flap group and the stromal bed was smoother, whereas in the MK flap group, the edges were more sloping and the stromal bed more irregular.

CONCLUSIONS:
The WaveLight FS200 femtosecond laser is able to produce planar flaps with a high degree of predictability between the desired and achieved flap thickness. The ability to study the flap characteristics intraoperatively (when flap edema and stromal bed hydration changes have not yet occurred) with the hand-held probe of the Bioptigen imaging system ensures greater accuracy than measurements done postoperatively using other anterior segment optical coherence tomography prototypes.
Optimized Femto-LASIK Maintains Preexisting Spherical Aberration Independent of Refractive Error
Authors: Au John D. , Krueger Ronald R. 
Published: November 2012

PURPOSE:
To report the visual outcomes and change in spherical aberration in the first cohort of eyes treated at the Cole Eye Institute using the FS200 laser (Alcon Laboratories Inc).

METHODS:
A chart review was performed on 100 eyes targeted for emmetropia with wavefront-optimized femto-LASIK using the WaveLight Allegretto Wave Eye-Q (Alcon Laboratories Inc) and FS200 lasers. Patients were subdivided into low (<−3.00 D, n=23), moderate (−3.00 to −6.00 D, n=45), and high myopia (>−6.00 D, n=32). Pre- and 3- to 9-month postoperative wavefront aberrometry and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) were compared.

RESULTS:

An increase was found in spherical aberration of 0.03±0.02 μm (
P
=.14) for low myopia, but decreases were found of 0.01±0.01 μm (
P
=.45) for moderate myopia and 0.02±0.04 μm (
P
=.48) for high myopia. An increase in coma was noted of 0.02±0.02 μm (
P
=.37), 0.04±0.02 μm (
P
=.02), and 0.11±0.04 μm (
P
=.01) for low, moderate, and high myopes, respectively. An increase was found in total higher order aberrations of 0.05±0.04 μm (
P
=.17), 0.04±0.01 μm (
P
=.01), and 0.11±0.03 μm (
P
=.01) for low, moderate, and high myopes, respectively. Uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/15 and 20/20 was achieved in 70% and 91% of low myopes, 58% and 93% of moderate myopes, and 34% and 78% of high myopes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Wavefront-optimized femto-LASIK with the WaveLight Allegretto Wave Eye-Q and FS200 lasers achieved excellent postoperative UDVA outcomes, with no significant induction of spherical aberration at all refractive errors.
Clinical Results of Topography-based Customized Ablations for Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Tan Jerry , Simon Daniel , Mrochen Michael , Por Yong Ming 
Published: November 2012

PURPOSE:
To evaluate clinical outcomes after primary treatments for myopia and myopic astigmatism with topography-based ablation profiles on the Allegretto Wave Eye-Q platform (Alcon Laboratories Inc).

METHODS:
Records of patients who underwent topography-guided, Q-adjusted LASIK were retrieved and analyzed. Patients with mean refractive spherical equivalent up to −16.00 diopters (D) and cylindrical errors up to 6.00 D were included (2051 eyes). Refractive outcomes and visual acuities were analyzed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:
Manifest spherical refractive error decreased from −5.05±2.33 to +0.04±0.35 D. Manifest cylindrical refractive error decreased from 0.83±0.75 to 0.23±0.22 D. At 3 months postoperatively, 86.1% (1766 eyes) had a spherical equivalent refraction within ±0.50 D of targeted refraction. The number of eyes with uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/16 and 20/20 was 851 (41.5%) and 1495 (72.9%), respectively. At 3 months, 0.10% (2 eyes) lost more than 2 lines of corrected distance visual acuity and a loss of 2 lines occurred in 0.24% (5 eyes). All patients who lost lines of visual acuity were found to have corneal erosions related to dryness and recovered vision on further follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this retrospective study demonstrate refractive predictability, efficacy, and safety comparable to other treatment modalities such as wavefront-optimized and wavefront-guided treatments. Results are also similar to those reported with other topography-guided systems.
Progression of Keratoconus and Efficacy of Corneal Collagen Cross-linking in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Chatzis Nico , Hafezi Farhad 
Published: November 2012

PURPOSE:
To study the progression rate of keratoconus and assess the clinical outcome of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin and ultraviolet A light in children and adolescent patients up to 3 years after treatment.

METHODS:
Fifty-nine eyes from 42 children and adolescents (aged 9 to 19 years) with confirmed keratoconus were included in this retrospective interventional cohort study. Refraction, slit-lamp examination, Placido-based corneal topography, and Scheimpflug imaging were performed bilaterally in all patients preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Maximal keratometry readings (Kmax), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), corneal thickness, and the keratoconus index (KI) were analyzed. Follow-up was up to 36 months (mean follow-up: 26.3 months [range: 12 to 36 months]).

RESULTS:
Fifty-two of the 59 eyes enrolled in this study showed progression, corresponding to a progression rate of 88%. Forty-six eyes were treated by CXL. Maximal keratometry, CDVA, and KI showed significant changes over the follow-up period. However, significant Kmax reduction observed up to 24 months after CXL lost significance at 36 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cross-linking seems to be safe in children and adolescents. Progression of keratoconus occurred in 88%. We propose that awaiting documentation of progression is not mandatory and CXL in children and adolescents should be performed as soon as the diagnosis has been made. However, the effect of arrest of disease progression might not be as long-lasting as in adults and longer follow-up is needed to verify this trend.
Outcomes of a New Microwave Procedure Followed By Accelerated Cross-linking for the Treatment of Keratoconus: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vega-Estrada Alfredo , Alió Jorge L. , Plaza Puche Ana B. , Marshall John 
Published: November 2012

PURPOSE:
To analyze the initial data obtained in a group of patients treated with microwave keratoplasty followed by accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) for the correction of keratoconus.

METHODS:
Prospective, nonrandomized clinical study including six eyes from four patients treated with microwave thermal keratoplasty followed by accelerated CXL. Refractive, topographic, anterior aberrometry, and corneal biomechanics outcomes were analyzed during 6-month follow-up.

RESULTS:

Immediately after the procedure, a significant reduction of >7.00 diopters (D) was observed in mean keratometry (
P
=.02). Uncorrected distance visual acuity increased from 0.92±0.52 logMAR (Snellen 20/160) preoperatively to 0.47±0.19 logMAR (Snellen 20/60) postoperatively (
P
=.05). No statistically significant change was found in corrected distance visual acuity (
P
=.28). Corneal higher order aberration decreased from 1.89±0.90 to 1.51±0.65 μm and corneal primary coma aberration decreased from 1.45±0.68 μm preoperatively to 0.84±0.23 μm postoperatively (
P
>.10). No statistically significant changes were found in the biomechanics variables (
P
=.40). A significant regression of the effect was assessed in keratometry at the end of follow-up (
P
=.03).

CONCLUSIONS:
The Keraflex procedure may have the ability to improve refractive status in patients who suffer from keratoconus, as well as induce corneal remodeling to a more anterior regular surface. However, the current treatment regimen is not sufficient to maintain the flattening effect achieved and significant regression occurs.
Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Nonectatic Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bettis Daniel I. , Hsu Maylon , Moshirfar Majid 
Published: November 2012

PURPOSE:
To provide a background regarding the biochemical rationale for corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) and outline its current use, critically evaluate the current literature for the use of CXL in nonectatic disorders, highlight limitations and areas for further research, and address additional novel applications of CXL.

METHODS:
A literature search was performed using the EMBASE and MEDLINE database from 1970 to November 2011. Keywords included “corneal collagen cross linking,” “crosslinking,” “cross-linking,” “ultraviolet,” “riboflavin,” “corneal edema,” and “keratitis” in various combinations. A search through the references of retrieved articles was also performed.

RESULTS:
Cross-linking for corneal edema showed a temporary improvement in objective measures of central corneal thickness, corrected distance visual acuity, and corneal clarity along with subjective measures such as pain and irritation. Cross-linking was also tolerated as an adjunctive therapy for infectious keratitis without complications. In all studies, the progression of corneal melting was halted after treatment, avoiding the need for emergency keratoplasty.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A light is a promising, minimally invasive treatment for corneal ectasia. A growing number of studies suggest additional application in corneal edema and infectious keratitis may be beneficial. However, further studies are needed to address long-term outcomes and safety concerns.
La classification des songes de Macrobe en moyen français : continuité, ruptures et déplacements
Authors: Demaules Mireille 
Published: November 2012

Parmi les classifications des rêves de l’Antiquité, celle de Macrobe, grammairien latin du ive-ve siècle après Jésus-Christ, a connu une très large diffusion dans les milieux lettrés jusqu’au xve siècle comme en témoigne la fidèle traduction dans la langue française de tous les termes latins dénommant les catégories de songes.Toutefois la typologie savante de Macrobe n’a pas totalement pénétré la langue populaire, notamment quand il s’agit d’évoquer les variétés du songe illusoire. Ainsi s’imposent peu à peu en moyen français et dans la langue classique des mots nouveaux comme « rêve » et « cauchemar » dont le sémantisme et l’étymologie sont plus étranges et mystérieux. L’article explique pourquoi la savante classification macrobienne, fidèlement retranscrite par les lettrés, n’a pu se maintenir et comment les croyances populaires ont fini par imposer de nouveaux substantifs pour nommer jusqu’à ce jour toutes nos expériences oniriques.
Le vol d’Icare, du Roman de la Rose à Christine de Pizan : de la dénonciation de l’orgueil à la défense de la curiositas intellectuelle
Authors: Mühlethaler Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2012

À la fin du Moyen Âge, la fable de Dédale et Icare ne sert pas seulement, comme on a pu le croire, à dénoncer l’orgueil auquel succombe le mauvais chrétien. Tandis que les traités mythologiques et l’historiographie s’insèrent volontiers dans cette tradition morale, Le Roman de la Rose ou Renart le Contrefait font du récit ovidien une utilisation surprenante en l’entraînant dans les jeux de la satire et de la parodie. La désobéissance d’Icare, même si elle n’est jamais valorisée positivement, n’est pas toujours un exemplum à portée générale, qui s’adresse à un chacun ; elle est aussi utilisée de manière subjective et s’applique alors à une situation et une expérience individuelles. Sous la plume de Christine de Pizan, la chute d’Icare permet ainsi de légitimer, par contraste, la curiositas de l’intellectuelle qui cherche à comprendre les causes profondes des malheurs que vit la France. Pour Christine, comme, plus tard, pour Martin Le Franc, la fable sert de repoussoir, quand il s’agit de célébrer l’ascension à la lumière. On perçoit, au-delà de la suspicion face à l’acte transgressif du héros, une fascination qui prépare le terrain à la récupération d’Icare à l’époque moderne.
Strengthening Your Surgical Hand: Strengths-Based Profiling and Coaching of Surgical Trainees
Authors: Macafee D.A.L. , Macafee M.P. , Brewerton P. 
Published: November 2012

Introduction As scientific and professional disciplines, medicine and surgery have a tendency to focus on deficiencies, namely what trainees do not know or are not good at doing. The philosophy of Positive Psychology and the notion of “Strengths” takes a different stance. It is an inherently positive process, seeing each trainee as an individual bringing a unique set of strengths to every situation. There is clear evidence from the commercial sector regarding improved performance and well-being when focusing on one's strengths. We were therefore keen to investigate its potential role in the global development of trainee surgeons. Methods Surgical trainees from Core Training 1 to Specialty Training 8 in one training region of the United Kingdom were invited to voluntarily undertake the online Strengthscope™ assessment tool. The computer-generated report was reviewed by an Occupational Psychologist and trainees were then invited to have a strengths-focused feedback discussion on that report, either face-to-face or via telephone. Results Thirty four surgical trainees ranging from CT1 to ST6 completed the tool and 28 undertook the voluntary feedback sessions. Decisiveness, self-improvement, efficiency, emotional control and critical thinking were common strengths identified. Less commonly represented were leading, creativity and developing others. Trainees found that the tool and feedback helped them identify their strengths and embrace them, rather than fitting the surgical mould. It further aided the recognition of strengths in-overdrive and for some trainees it helped explain difficulties they had experienced in previous jobs. It provided insight into individual motivations and character whilst also highlighting how others in the workplace might perceive them. Trainees liked the emphasis on the building up of positive attributes and utilizing innate skills and strengths. The feedback consultation from an accredited coach trained in the Strengthscope™ tool was judged by trainees to be crucial to a full understanding of the report and its potential implications. Conclusions Surgical trainees have a wide range of strengths which, if identified and focused upon, could help them to fulfil their greatest potential at work. Strengthscope™ has provided new insights into the range of skills and talents of surgical trainees and has a potential role in providing more advanced educational supervision and mentorship. For these trainees, the assessment and feedback discussion aided their personal and professional development, highlighting where their most significant strengths lay with a view to making their daily working lives more fulfilling and, hopefully, helping them excel.
Risk of Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Johnsen Svein J. , Brun Johan G. , Gøransson Lasse G. , Småstuen Milada C. , Johannesen Tom B. , Haldorsen Karstein , Harboe Erna , Jonsson Roland , Meyer Peter A. , Omdal Roald 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectivePrimary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is associated with an increased risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), but the reported prevalence and risk vary considerably. The objective of this study was to determine the risk of NHL in a well‐defined population‐based primary SS cohort in Norway.MethodsThe authors examined all patients fulfilling the American–European Consensus Group criteria for primary SS from 2 Norwegian counties and compared the data to the Cancer Registry of Norway to identify the primary SS patients who had lymphoma. In addition, lymphoma patient files from the same period were reviewed for undiagnosed primary SS to ensure the quality of registry data.ResultsAs of July 1, 2009, 443 living subjects with primary SS were identified in an area with 896,840 inhabitants, which is 18.6% of the total population of Norway. Seven cases of NHL (1.6%) were found during a total followup of 3,813 person‐years, resulting in a standardized incidence ratio of 9.0 (95% confidence interval 7.1–26.3) for NHL in primary SS patients.ConclusionThe risk of NHL in patients with primary SS in Norway is increased 9 times compared with the general population. This is in accordance with recent studies, and the quality and completeness of the registries and strict use of diagnostic criteria support the validity of the results.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Chiral Phenylalanine Derivatives by a Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Corresponding Amide and Nitrile Substrates with a Multi‐Enzyme System
Authors: Yasukawa Kazuyuki , Asano Yasuhisa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMutant α‐amino‐ε‐caprolactam (ACL) racemase (L19V/L78T) from Achromobacter obae with improved substrate specificity toward phenylalaninamide was obtained by directed evolution. The mutant ACL racemase and thermostable mutant D‐amino acid amidase (DaaA) from Ochrobactrum anthropi SV3 co‐expressed in Escherichia coli (pACLmut/pDBFB40) were utilized for synthesis of (R)‐phenylalanine and non‐natural (R)‐phenylalanine derivatives (4‐OH, 4‐F, 3‐F, and 2‐F‐Phe) by dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR). Recombinant E. coli with DaaA and mutant ACL racemase genes catalyzed the synthesis of (R)‐phenylalanine with 84% yield and 99% ee from (RS)‐phenylalaninamide (400 mM) in 22 h. (R)‐Tyrosine and 4‐fluoro‐(R)‐phenylalanine were also efficiently synthesized from the corresponding amide compounds. We also co‐expresed two genes encoding mutant ACL racemase and L‐amino acid amidase from Brevundimonas diminuta in E. coli and performed the efficient production of various (S)‐phenylalanine derivatives. Moreover, 2‐aminophenylpropionitrile was converted to (R)‐phenylalanine by DKR using a combination of the non‐stereoselective nitrile hydratase from recombinamt E. coli and mutant ACL racemase and DaaA from E. coli encoding mutant ACL racemase and DaaA genes.
Reductive Cyclization of Bromoenynamides with Alcohols as Hydride Source: Synthesis and Reactions of 2‐Amidodienes
Authors: Greenaway Rebecca L. , Campbell Craig D. , Chapman Helen A. , Anderson Edward A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUnder basic conditions in alcoholic solvents, bromoenynamides undergo palladium‐catalyzed cyclization to cyclic 2‐amidodienes in good to excellent yields. This process represents the first use of an alcohol as a hydride source in an alkyne carbopalladation/termination sequence, with the site selectivity of the reduction showing a strong dependence on the tethering ring size (5–8), and the nature of the alcohol and base. Reaction of the dienes with a range of dienophiles (including alkenes, alkynes and arynes) under various conditions gives bi‐ and tricyclic azacycles, which can be further oxidized to the aromatic azacycles.
Formic Acid: A Promising Bio‐Renewable Feedstock for Fine Chemicals
Authors: Mura Manuel G. , Luca Lidia De , Giacomelli Giampaolo , Porcheddu Andrea 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn light of the growing scarcity of petroleum‐based raw materials, carbon dioxide (CO2) is becoming increasing attractive as organic carbon source. In this perspective, formic acid (HCOOH) might be an interesting bio‐renewable solution to store, transport, and activate carbon dioxide for the synthesis of value‐added chemicals. Herein, HCOOH has been successfully used as C1 building block for the synthesis of a library of alcohols via a catalysed oxo‐synthesis, under green experimental conditions.