bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different respiration metabolism between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal rice under low-temperature stress: a cry for help from the host
Authors: LIU Z. , LI Y. , WANG J. , HE X. , TIAN C. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYLow-temperature stress is an important environmental factor that severely disrupts plant respiration but can be alleviated by symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In the current study, a pot experiment was performed to determine changes in the respiratory metabolic capacity of mycorrhizal rice (Oryza sativa) under low-temperature stress. The results demonstrated that low temperature might accelerate the biosynthesis of strigolactone in mycorrhizal rice roots by triggering the expression of genes for the synthesis of strigolactone, which acted as a host stress response signal. In addition, AMF prompted the host tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by enhancing pyruvate metabolism, up-regulating the expression of genes of the TCA cycle under low-temperature stress and affecting the electron transport chain. The alternative oxidase pathway might be the main electron transport pathway in non-mycorrhizal rice under stress, while the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) pathway might be the predominant pathway in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhizal rice also had higher adenosine triphosphate production to maintain the natural status of respiration under stress conditions, which resulted in improved root growth status and alleviated low-temperature stress.
Trading in the Options Market around Financial Analysts’ Consensus Revisions
Authors: Hayunga Darren K. , Lung Peter P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article investigates the options market around a revision in the financial analysts’ consensus recommendation. The results demonstrate that options investors trade in the correct direction of the upcoming revision approximately 3 days prior to the announcement. We find this behavior in option-implied prices, implied volatilities, and options trading volume. Tests confirm that the options market leads the stock market before the financial analysts’ revision. Moreover, using all firms with outstanding options, an out-of-sample analysis produces a profitable zero-cost trading strategy net of transaction costs based on the relative valuations between the synthetic and the underlying equity security.
Purification and characterization of guanylate kinase, a nucleoside monophosphate kinase ofBrugia malayi
Authors: GUPTA SMITA , YADAV SUNITA , SINGH NIDHI , VERMA ANITA , SIDDIQI IMRAN , SAXENA JITENDRA K. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYGuanylate kinase, a nucleoside monophosphate kinase ofBrugia malayiwhich is involved in reversible transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to GMP, was cloned, expressed and characterized. The native molecular mass of BmGK was found to be 45 kDa as determined by size exclusion chromatography and glutaraldehyde cross-linking which revealed that the protein is homodimer in nature. This is a unique characteristic among known eukaryotic GKs. GMP and ATP served as the most effective phosphate acceptor and donor, respectively. Recombinant BmGK utilized both GMP and dGMP, as substrates showing Kmvalues of 30 and 38 μm, respectively. Free Mg+2(un-complexed to ATP) and GTP play a regulatory role in catalysis of BmGK. The enzyme showed higher catalytic efficiency as compared with human GK and showed ternary complex (BmGK-GMP-ATP) formation with sequential substrate binding. The secondary structure of BmGK consisted of 45%α-helices, 18%β-sheets as revealed by CD analysis. Homology modelling and docking with GMP revealed conserved substrate binding residues with slight differences. Differences in kinetic properties and oligomerization of BmGK compared with human GK can provide the way for design of parasite-specific inhibitors.
Some reflections on an early Mahāyāna textHastikakṣyasūtra
Authors: Liu Zhen , Chen Huaiyu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper attempts both to transliterate and translate a newly published Sanskrit fragment of theHastikakṣyasūtraand compare it to its corresponding Chinese and Tibetan translations. This fragment is part of the Hoernle Collection housed in the British Library. Through a comparison of all extant titles of this text found in both the Chinese and Tibetan versions and their reconstruction in Sanskrit, this work further deciphers why some titles use the metaphor of the effort or power of an elephant. In analysing the Chinese and Tibetan versions, this paper suggests that the content and structure of this text shed some light on the early development of Mahāyānasūtras.
Transcatheter occlusion of a left ventricular to right atrial communication by an Occlutech duct occluder
Authors: Zanjani Keyhan S. , Voshtani Seyed H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLeft ventricular to right atrial communication is a rare congenital or acquired heart defect. There are many reports of successful transcatheter closure of this defect. We describe the device closure of one such communication in a 5-year-old girl using the Occlutech duct occluder. We believe that this device may have some advantages over the devices previously used for this purpose.
Body size dissatisfaction among young Chinese children in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Knowles Gemma , Ling Fiona Chun Man , Thomas G Neil , Adab Peymane , McManus Alison M 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the potential predictors of body size dissatisfaction in Chinese children.DesignThe Child’s Body Image Scale was used to assess body size perception and dissatisfaction. BMI was calculated from objectively measured height and weight. Predictors of body size dissatisfaction were examined by logistic regression analysis.SettingHong Kong, China.SubjectsSix hundred and twenty children (53 % boys, aged 6·1–12·9 years) from a state-run primary school.ResultsFemale sex (adjusted OR (AOR)=1·91; 95 % CI 1·32, 2·76), age (AOR=2·62; 95 % CI 1·65, 4·16 for 8–10 years; AOR=2·16; 95 % CI 1·38, 3·38 for >10 years), overweight (AOR=6·23; 95 % CI 3·66, 10·60) and obesity (AOR=19·04; 95 % CI 5·64, 64·32) were positively associated with desire to be thinner. Size misperception was a strong predictor of body size dissatisfaction, irrespective of actual weight status (AOR=1·90; 95 % CI 1·02, 3·54 for overestimation; AOR=0·43; 95 % CI 0·27, 0·67 for underestimation).ConclusionsBody size dissatisfaction is prevalent among Chinese children as young as 6 years. Female sex, age, overweight, obesity and overestimation of size were associated with increased desire to be thinner. These findings emphasise the importance of preventing body image issues from an early age.
Effects of differential habitat warming on complex communities
Authors: Tunney Tyler D. , McCann Kevin S. , Lester Nigel P. , Shuter Brian J. 
Published: May 2014

SignificanceOrganisms may adjust their behavior to stay cool as natural habitats differentially warm with rising air temperature. Undoubtedly, fundamental ecosystem properties will change in turn, but the impact of the dynamic thermal mosaic on food web interactions is not considered in traditional climate change research. To demonstrate differential warming effects on food webs, we use boreal lakes to show that the energy pathways leading to an apex predator shift, according to thermal preference, and the vertical pathway lengthened in warmer climate. Such a fundamental food web restructuring is expected to increase predator contaminant levels and alter community dynamics in ecosystems—a particular concern for conservation of boreal lakes, which house a significant portion of Earth’s freshwater life.
DA-Raf–dependent inhibition of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells controls alveolar formation
Authors: Watanabe-Takano Haruko , Takano Kazunori , Sakamoto Akemi , Matsumoto Kenji , Tokuhisa Takeshi , Endo Takeshi , Hatano Masahiko 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Alveoli participating in gas exchange are essential for maintaining life in air-breathing vertebrates. In developing lungs, alveolar myofibroblasts (AMYFs) cause morphological changes of interalveolar walls and consequently generate alveoli. Although the Ras-ERK signaling pathway is known to regulate alveolar formation, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying its role remain largely obscure. Here, we clarified a critical role of DA-Raf1 (DA-Raf)—a dominant-negative antagonist of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway—in alveolar formation. DA-Raf–deficient mice displayed alveolar dysgenesis resulting from defective AMYF differentiation. DA-Raf–dependent MEK1/2 inhibition in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells induces activation of matrix metalloproteinases, which is required for AMYF differentiation. Our findings reveal a pivotal role of DA-Raf–mediated regulation of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway in alveolar formation.
Physiological and ultrastructural features of human induced pluripotent and embryonic stem cell-derived skeletal myocytes in vitro
Authors: Skoglund Gunnar , Lainé Jeanne , Darabi Radbod , Fournier Emmanuel , Perlingeiro Rita , Tabti Nacira 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Patients with inherited skeletal muscle diseases are offered little else than symptomatic relief, even when responsible genes have been identified. Access to human skeletal muscle through induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has opened new prospects for basic research and drug discovery. Yet the exact nature of iPS-derived skeletal muscle cells needs to be explored to assess their relevance to pathophysiological studies. We show, for the first time to our knowledge, that human iPS-derived skeletal myocytes acquire functional and ultrastructural landmarks of skeletal muscle and reach, in vitro, the same degree of maturity as their embryonic counterparts. This detailed characterization, besides validating the model, paves the way for exploring the pathophysiology and pharmacology of skeletal muscle diseases using patient-derived iPS cells.
microRNA 28 controls cell proliferation and is down-regulated in B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Schneider Christof , Setty Manu , Holmes Antony B. , Maute Roy L. , Leslie Christina S. , Mussolin Lara , Rosolen Angelo , Dalla-Favera Riccardo , Basso Katia 
Published: May 2014

Significance
The majority of non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas arise from the malignant transformation of germinal center B cells. The molecular pathogenesis of these malignancies is not fully understood. Although a number of oncogenes and tumor suppressors have been identified among protein-coding genes, the role of microRNAs during lymphomagenesis remains largely unexplored. Our results identify a role for microRNA 28 (miR-28) in normal and malignant germinal center B cells. These data provide new insights on the microRNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulation occurring in normal germinal center B cells as well as during lymphomagenesis. In addition, the identification of a cross talk between miR-28 and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog extends the relevance of our observations to a wide variety of malignancies.
Cryo-electron microscopy of tubular arrays of HIV-1 Gag resolves structures essential for immature virus assembly
Authors: Bharat Tanmay A. M. , Castillo Menendez Luis R. , Hagen Wim J. H. , Lux Vanda , Igonet Sebastien , Schorb Martin , Schur Florian K. M. , Kräusslich Hans-Georg , Briggs John A. G. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
HIV-1 undergoes a two-step assembly process. First, an immature noninfectious particle is assembled, which leaves the infected cell. Second, the structural protein, Gag, is cleaved in the virus by the viral protease, and this leads to formation of the infectious virus. The immature virus particle therefore represents the key intermediate in HIV-1 assembly. There is currently no high-resolution information available on the arrangement of Gag within immature HIV-1. We have assembled part of HIV-1 Gag in vitro to form immature virus-like tubular protein arrays, and have solved a subnanometer-resolution structure of these arrays by using cryo-EM and tomography. This structure reveals interactions of the C-terminal capsid domain of Gag that are critical for HIV-1 assembly.
Bitter triggers acetylcholine release from polymodal urethral chemosensory cells and bladder reflexes
Authors: Deckmann Klaus , Filipski Katharina , Krasteva-Christ Gabriela , Fronius Martin , Althaus Mike , Rafiq Amir , Papadakis Tamara , Renno Liane , Jurastow Innokentij , Wessels Lars , Wolff Miriam , Schütz Burkhard , Weihe Eberhard , Chubanov Vladimir , Gudermann Thomas , Klein Jochen , Bschleipfer Thomas , Kummer Wolfgang 
Published: May 2014

Significance
We report the presence of a previously unidentified cholinergic, polymodal chemosensory cell in the mammalian urethra, the potential portal of entry for bacteria and harmful substances into the urogenital system. These cells exhibit structural markers of respiratory chemosensory cells (“brush cells”). They use the classical taste transduction cascade to detect potential hazardous compounds (bitter, umami, uropathogenic bacteria) and release acetylcholine in response. They lie next to sensory nerve fibers that carry acetylcholine receptors, and placing a bitter compound in the urethra enhances activity of the bladder detrusor muscle. Thus, monitoring of urethral content is linked to bladder control via a previously unrecognized cell type.
Climate change and forest fires synergistically drive widespread melt events of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Keegan Kaitlin M. , Albert Mary R. , McConnell Joseph R. , Baker Ian 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Through an examination of shallow ice cores covering a wide area of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS), we show that the same mechanism drove two widespread melt events that occurred over 100 years apart, in 1889 and 2012. We found that black carbon from forest fires and rising temperatures combined to cause both of these events, and that continued climate change may result in nearly annual melting of the surface of the GIS by the year 2100. In addition, a positive feedback mechanism may be set in motion whereby melt water is retained as refrozen ice layers within the snow pack, causing lower albedo and leaving the ice sheet surface even more susceptible to future melting.
Two-photon imaging of remyelination of spinal cord axons by engrafted neural precursor cells in a viral model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Greenberg Milton L. , Weinger Jason G. , Matheu Melanie P. , Carbajal Kevin S. , Parker Ian , Macklin Wendy B. , Lane Thomas E. , Cahalan Michael D. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising cell-based therapy for the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). This study provides the first real-time imaging of transplanted stem cell-mediated remyelination in a mouse model of MS. Whereas current treatments solely delay disease progression, transplanted stem cells actively reverse clinical disease in animal models. Using two-photon microscopy and viral-induced demyelination, we describe a technique to visualize cellular migration and remyelination in the mouse spinal cord. Transplanted neural precursor cells physically wrap damaged axons with newly formed myelin, preserving axonal health.
Deoxypolypeptides bind and cleave RNA
Authors: Cheng Liang , Mahendran Adaickapillai , Gonzalez Ruben L. , Breslow Ronald 
Published: May 2014

Significance
This paper describes an important new example of our previously described class of compounds, deoxygenated polypeptides (DOPPs), in which polypeptides are converted into polyamines by changing carbonyl groups into methylene groups. Of particular interest, the conversion does not interfere with the chirality or functional groups of the polypeptides, so they become stereospecific species that differentially bind and cleave RNA. This class of polyamines made from polypeptides has great potential as medicinally important binders and selective catalysts, because the polyamine backbone is hydrolytically stable and not cleaved by enzymes, and carries well-defined chirality and potential polyfunctionality in defined places along the chain. They are single species, not polymeric mixtures, just as synthetic polypeptides are.
Differential roles of the dopamine 1-class receptors, D1R and D5R, in hippocampal dependent memory
Authors: Sariñana Joshua , Kitamura Takashi , Künzler Patrik , Sultzman Lisa , Tonegawa Susumu 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Pharmacological and global KO studies have worked to elucidate the function of dopamine 1-class receptors (D1Rs and D5Rs) in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Yet, these manipulations are unable to restrict D1R from D5R activity within hippocampal subregions. We generated mice that lack D1Rs or D5Rs in dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells of the hippocampus. This allowed us to characterize the precise role of D1Rs and D5Rs in modulating c-Fos activity in the hippocampus and in Pavlovian fear conditioning. We demonstrate that DG D1R deletion, but not D5R deletion, increases DG granule cell baseline c-Fos activity, decreases DG and CA3 c-Fos activity in response to contextual exposure and to contextual fear conditioning, impairs contextual memory formation, and enhances generalization of the conditioned fear response.
Coordinating and implementing multiple systems for forest management: implications of the regulatory framework for sustainable forestry in Sweden
Authors: Johansson Johanna , H. Keskitalo E. Carina 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The complexity of multi-level governance is well illustrated by forest management in one of Europe's large forested states, Sweden. Deregulated government policies emphasize ‘freedom with responsibility’, largely expecting the forest sector to determine ways in which policy goals and legal requirements are reached. In relation to this, Sweden has become one of the countries with the largest share of forests certified by third-party organizations, such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), in accordance with specific environmental and social criteria. This multi-level case study draws on official documents and semi-structured interviews to analyze Swedish forest governance; specifically, the impact of multiplicity and complexity of environmental considerations on agreement over goal coordination, implementation, and evaluation for feedback and accountability. This contributes to previous research by analyzing interactions between state regulation and certification at multiple levels.
Efficacy of a Washer-Disinfector in Eliminating Healthcare-Associated Pathogens from Surgical Instruments
Authors: Rutala William A. , Gergen Maria F. , Weber David J. 
Published: May 2014

This study was designed to test the efficacy of a washer-disinfector in eliminating selected healthcare-associated pathogens from surgical instruments. Our results showed that a washer-disinfector was extremely effective in eliminating microorganisms (>7-log10 reduction), including vegetative and spore-forming bacteria, from experimentally contaminated instruments. The washer-disinfector remained effective in eliminating microorganisms in the absence of enzymatic cleaners and detergents.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(7):883–885
The Prediction of Complicated Clostridium difficile Infections in Children
Authors: Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , Tamma Pranita D. , Milstone Aaron M. , Perl Trish M. 
Published: May 2014

We validated proposed definitions for severe Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in adults for prediction of complicated CDI in children. Complicated CDI occurred in 9 of 202 cases. Definitions for severe CDI in adults showed poor measures for discrimination of complicated CDI in children, which calls into question the usefulness of such definitions in pediatric cohorts.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(7):901–903
Influenza Hospitalizations Among American Indian/Alaska Native People and in the United States General Population
Authors: Gounder Prabhu P. , Callinan Laura S. , Holman Robert C. , Cheng Po-Yung , Bruce Michael G. , Redd John T. , Steiner Claudia A. , Bresee Joseph , Hennessy Thomas W. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background.  Historically, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people have experienced a disproportionate burden of infectious disease morbidity compared with the general US population. We evaluated whether a disparity in influenza hospitalizations exists between AI/AN people and the general US population.
Methods.  We used Indian Health Service hospital discharge data (2001–2011) for AI/AN people and 13 State Inpatient Databases (2001–2008) to provide a comparison to the US population. Hospitalization rates were calculated by respiratory year (July–June). Influenza-specific hospitalizations were defined as discharges with any influenza diagnoses. Influenza-associated hospitalizations were calculated using negative binomial regression models that incorporated hospitalization and influenza laboratory surveillance data.
Results.  The mean influenza-specific hospitalization rate/100 000 persons/year during the 2001–2002 to 2007–2008 respiratory years was 18.6 for AI/AN people and 15.6 for the comparison US population. The age-adjusted influenza-associated hospitalization rate for AI/AN people (98.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 51.6–317.8) was similar to the comparison US population (58.2; CI, 34.7–172.2). By age, influenza-associated hospitalization rates were significantly higher among AI/AN infants (&lt;1 year) (1070.7; CI, 640.7–2969.5) than the comparison US infant population (210.2; CI, 153.5–478.5).
Conclusions.  American Indian/Alaska Native people had higher influenza-specific hospitalization rates than the comparison US population; a significant influenza-associated hospitalization rate disparity was detected only among AI/AN infants because of the wide CIs inherent to the model. Taken together, the influenza-specific and influenza-associated hospitalization rates suggest that AI/AN people might suffer disproportionately from influenza illness compared with the general US population.
Multi-object and long-slit spectroscopy of very low mass brown dwarfs in the Orion Nebular Cluster
Authors: Suenaga Takuya , Tamura Motohide , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Yanagisawa Kenshi , Ishii Miki , Lucas Philip W. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We present the results of an H- and K-band multi-object and long-slit spectroscopic survey of substellar mass candidates in the outer regions of the Orion Nebula Cluster. The spectra were obtained using MOIRCS on the 8.2 m Subaru telescope and ISLE on the 1.88 m telescope of Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. Eight out of twelve spectra show strong water absorption and we confirm that their effective temperatures are ≤ 3000 K (spectral type ≥ M6) from a chi-square fit to synthetic spectra. We plot our sources on an HR diagram overlaid with theoretical isochrones of low-mass objects and identify three new young brown dwarf candidates. One of the three new candidates is a cool object near the brown dwarf and planetary mass boundary. Based on our observations and those of previous studies, we determine the stellar (0.08 &lt; M/M⊙ &lt; 1) to substellar (0.03 &lt; M/M⊙ &lt; 0.08) mass number ratio in the outer regions of the Orion Nebular Cluster to be 3.5 ± 0.8. In combination with the number ratio reported for the central region ($3.3^{+0.8} _{-0.7}$), this result suggests the number ratio does not simply change with the distance from the center of the Orion Nebular Cluster.