bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exacerbating Fragmentation and Maintaining Cohesion
Authors: Amengual Matthew 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses the cases of two Bolivian mines, Kori Kollo (KK) and San Cristóbal. The mines shared a series of similarities, including foreign ownership and the need to negotiate with communities to gain access to land to construct open-pit mines. Both firms also faced disruptive conflict, with groups occupying the mines and organizing blockades and strikes. KK began its operations by undertaking a mixture of forms of distribution—including both targeted benefits and inclusive projects. Yet, as pressure intensified, managers abandoned inclusive distribution and focused on buying off particular leaders who could promise peace. This shift contrasts with expectations from standard approaches to private politics. Examining the interactions between the firm and various groups in detail reveals that mobilization was led by narrow, but locally powerful, factions that demanded particular benefits, creating strong incentives for the firm to abandon any attempts at inclusive distribution. By contrast, San Cristóbal ratcheted up inclusive distribution as pressure increased. Examining the organization of mobilization reveals that the firm bargained with groups that were highly encompassing, including an alliance between indigenous organizations and the labor union. The interests of mobilized groups gave the firm continuous incentives to provide public goods. Furthermore, the firm’s strategic response to stabilize relations with local actors amplified the power of groups representing broad swaths of the population. This approach reduced fragmentation and allowed for future political payoffs from inclusive development projects.
Introduction
Authors: Zavadivker Polly 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
How the Jewish population center of the Russian Empire experienced World War I is a little-known story. Scholars of twentieth-century Jewish history have treated the war as either a culmination to the age of empires or a prologue to the age of revolution and nation-states. This book offers a history of over 5 million Jews who lived near the Eastern Front during the war. It recovers the lived experiences of civilians whose stories are often silenced or marginalized in the historical record, including war victims who endured military atrocities and forced migration. This book also describes the campaign waged by Jewish national elites at Russia’s home front who organized aid for those victims. The collapse of existing social and imperial orders coincided with the emergence of the largest humanitarian campaign in Russian Jewish history. Moving between front zones and home front, weaving together themes of violence, nationalism, and human experience, this book seeks to provide an integrated understanding of the war’s destructive and transformative effects on East European Jewish life.
The New Pale
Authors: Zavadivker Polly 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The conclusion of the Russian army’s “Great Retreat” in August 1915 coincided with the end to the mass deportations of Jews. The state’s inability to settle hundreds of thousands of expelled Jews within the territories of the Pale still under Russian control compelled the government to lift residence restrictions that had barred all but the wealthiest and most educated Jews from the Russian interior since the late eighteenth century. As a result, more than 100,000 Jewish refugees resettled in the Russian interior in 1915–1916. The chapter traces the major paths of migration and places of settlement, explains the nature of encounters between displaced populations from the Pale and established, Russified Jewish communities that absorbed them, and the attempts of Jewish national relief organizations to map and monitor the refugees’ movements.
Crisis in the Profession, or the Failure to Imagine the New
Authors: Moi Toril 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This essay provides a thorough analysis of Bruce Robbins’s, Jonathan Kramnick’s, and John Guillory’s recent books on the state of the discipline of literary criticism. In spite of the otherwise vast differences between these books, the authors have three shared commitments. They assume that criticism (understood as the reading of literature) still remains the main focus of departments of literary study. They work with an overwhelmingly male canon of theorists. Although women are invoked as examples, men remain the thought-leaders. They all ignore, neglect, or mischaracterize the concerns of philosophies investigating judgment, experience, and subjectivity. As a result, they present us with an image of a profession in which it is taboo to invoke ordinary experience as a starting point for investigations. By focusing on Robbins’s and Guillory’s response to Rita Felski’s The Limits of Critique (and thus to the phenomenon of postcritique), and by bringing out Kramnick’s commitment to positivism and formalism, I conclude that Robbins and Kramnick look to the past for salvation, whereas Guillory shows that the future is unlikely to be any different from the present. The effect of professionalization and disciplinary pressures make academic critics highly resistant to the new.
Examining racial and ethnic disparities in diagnosis and access to care in infantile atopic dermatitis in the USA: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Servattalab Sarah E , Lee Michelle , Hlobik Madeline , Song Hannah , Huang Jennifer T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disorder that is common in children and associated with medical and psychosocial comorbidities. Previous studies have shown that there are significant racial disparities in healthcare utilization in children with AD; however, the literature on disparities in dermatology access is limited.

Objectives
To identify differences in the diagnosis of AD and access to dermatological care by race and ethnicity in infants with AD.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of infants diagnosed with AD at Boston Children’s Hospital from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. Race and ethnicity were categorized as per the US Office of Minority Health data collection standards as Native American or Alaska Native; Asian; non-Hispanic Black or African American; Hispanic or Latino; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; non-Hispanic White; and a final group which we called ‘Other’ (this encompassed all individuals who did not identify with the other groups listed). Outcomes included time to diagnosis and dermatology visit from rash onset, and were analysed utilizing a Kruskal–Wallis test. Severity of presentation at first dermatology visit, presentation to the emergency department (ED), medications prescribed and follow-up were analysed using χ 2 tests.

Results
Significantly more non-Hispanic White infants received a prescription from their paediatrician for AD than Hispanic infants (P = 0.002). Non-Hispanic Black and Asian infants waited significantly longer to see a dermatologist after receiving a prescription for AD from their paediatrician (P &lt; 0.001) compared with non-Hispanic White patients (P = 0.007). Significantly more non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic infants presented to the ED for AD within the first year of life (P &lt; 0.001) than non-Hispanic White patients (P = 0.003).

Conclusions
Our study suggests disparities in diagnosis and access to care for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic infants with AD, with differences in prescriptions, time to see a dermatologist and presentation to the ED vs. non-Hispanic White infants.
Synthesis of a new unnatural polysaccharide, 2-deoxy-β(1→3)-glucan, by β−1,3-glucan phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization
Authors: Ishii Hayato , Takagaki Tao , Iwamoto Masa-aki , Totani Masayasu , Kadokawa Jun-ichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We successfully synthesized a new unnatural polysaccharide, 2-deoxy-β(1→3)-glucan, by β−1,3-glucan phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization of a D-glucal monomer from a cellobiose primer, owing to recognition of such non-native substrates by the enzyme. Because of solubility of the product in several high polar organic solvents, acetylation as an example of its derivatizations smoothly occurred using acetic anhydride in the presence of base/catalyst in a DMF solvent. The NMR analysis of the acetylated derivative strongly supported the β(1→3)-linked chain structure.
Association Between SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes: A Claims-based Cohort Study
Authors: Rincón-Guevara Oscar , Wallace Bailey , Kompaniyets Lyudmyla , Barrett Catherine E , Bull-Otterson Lara 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); however, evidence is limited by sample sizes and lack of control groups.

Methods
To assess the GDM risk after COVID-19 in pregnancy, we constructed a retrospective cohort of pregnancies ending March 2020–October 2022 using medical claims. People with COVID-19 diagnosis claims from conception to 21 gestational weeks (n = 57 675) were matched 1:2 to those without COVID-19 during pregnancy (n = 115 350) by age range, pregnancy start month, and encounter year-month. GDM (claim ≥23 gestational weeks) relative risk and risk difference overall, by race and ethnicity, and variant period were estimated using log-binomial models.

Results
GDM risk was higher among those with COVID-19 during pregnancy compared to those without (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.15). GDM risk was significantly associated with COVID-19 in non-Hispanic White (aRR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04–1.14), non-Hispanic Black (aRR = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07–1.24), and Hispanic (aRR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10–1.24) groups. GDM risk was significantly higher during pre-Delta (aRR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11–1.24) compared to Omicron (aRR = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02–1.13) periods, but neither differed from the Delta period (aRR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04–1.17). The adjusted risk difference was 0%–2% for all models.

Conclusions
COVID-19 during pregnancy was modestly associated with GDM in claims-based data, especially during earlier SARS-CoV-2 variant periods. Because these associations are based on COVID-19 in claims data, studies employing systematic testing are warranted.
Performance of community detection algorithms supported by node embeddings
Authors: Pankratz Bartosz , Kamiński Bogumił , Prałat Paweł 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The grouping of nodes into subsets that are relatively densely interconnected and separable from the rest of the network is a property often displayed in many complex real-world networks; this feature is known as a community structure. There is a growing demand for algorithms that can find partitions that resemble the community structure of a given network as closely as possible. However, most popular algorithms for community detection in graphs have one serious drawback, namely, they are heuristic-based and in many cases are unable to find a near-optimal solution. Moreover, their results are volatile, impacting the replicability of their results. In this paper, we investigate if the performance of greedy algorithms might be improved by initialising such algorithms with some carefully chosen partition of nodes, namely a partition obtained by embedding the nodes into real numbers space and then running a clustering algorithm on this latent representation. We believe that embedding will filter unwanted noise while retaining the proximity of nodes belonging to the same community or will learn more complex and elusive relations between nodes. Then, clustering algorithms run on this embedding will create a stable partitioning that will reduce the uncertainty in the initial phases of the community detection algorithms. The experiments show that the proposed procedure significantly improves the results over baseline community detection algorithms, namely Louvain and Leiden. It also reduces the inherent volatility of such algorithms. The impact depends on the given graph’s properties, especially the strength of the community structure and degree distribution. The largest boost in performance is given in the cases when networks are ‘noisier’, that is, when the community structure is less pronounced and there are many connections between communities. Furthermore, the design and parametrization of the procedure depend on the network’s topology, not on the size of the network itself.
Sex-related differences in self-efficacy in patients with heart failure: a pooled cross-sectional study of the German Competence Network Heart Failure
Authors: Kerwagen Fabian , Sahiti Floran , Albert Judith , Bauser Maximilian , Morbach Caroline , Güder Gülmisal , Frantz Stefan , Strömberg Anna , Kerber Sebastian , Gebhard Brigitte , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Müller-Tasch Thomas , Peters-Klimm Frank , Angermann Christiane E , Störk Stefan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
To assess the level of self-efficacy in patients with heart failure (HF), identify differences between important subgroups including sex, and identify the determinants of high self-efficacy.

Methods and results
This was a pooled cross-sectional analysis of 2030 patients from 4 prospective studies conducted within the German Competence Network Heart Failure. We used the self-efficacy subscale and the overall summary score (OSS) of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-23) to assess self-efficacy and health-related quality of life. The cut-off of 75 score points was used for the dichotomization into high (≥75) vs. low (&lt;75) self-efficacy. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A total of 1615 patients with HF provided complete self-efficacy scores: mean age 66.6 ± 12.3 years and 431 (27%) women. The mean self-efficacy score was 67.5 ± 24.9, with 907 patients (56.2%) showing high self-efficacy and 708 patients (43.8%) showing low self-efficacy. Men had higher self-efficacy scores than women (68.7 ± 24.5 vs. 64.2 ± 26.0; P = 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression identified the KCCQ-OSS [odds ratio (OR) per five-point increase 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.12], female sex (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.94), depressive symptoms (OR per three-point increase in PHQ-9 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.98), and acute HF (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.34–0.62) as important predictors of high self-efficacy.

Conclusion
In patients with HF, women seemed to exhibit lower self-efficacy than men. Health-related quality of life and psychological well-being were dominant determinants of self-efficacy. Future studies should investigate the role of self-efficacy as a therapeutic target for tailored and sex-specific nursing interventions.
Advancing the climate-biodiversity-fisheries nexus in the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development
Authors: Bograd Steven J , Anderson Laura C , Canonico Gabrielle , Chiba Sanae , Lorenzo Emanuele Di , Enterline Claire , Gorecki Edward , Griffis Roger , Kleisner Kristin M , Lachance Hannah , Leinen Margaret , Mills Katherine E , E. Müller-Karger Frank , Roskar Grace , Schmidt Jörn , Seary Rachel , Seeyave Sophie , Hwai Tan Shau , Soares Joana , Tigchelaar Michelle 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Climate-driven changes in marine ecosystem structure and function adversely impact the biodiversity and sustainability of living marine resources, food security, and the resilience of coastal communities. Understanding how climate change impacts marine ecosystem biodiversity and global fisheries, i.e. the “climate-biodiversity-fisheries nexus”, is a fundamental element of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Several Ocean Decade-endorsed Programmes within the climate-biodiversity-fisheries nexus are building global networks to transform our capacity to understand, forecast, manage, and adapt to climate-driven changes in ocean ecosystems, including sustaining blue food resources that provide essential food security and nutrition in a rapidly changing world. We compare the scope, objectives, global partnerships, and capacities of these Programmes, facilitating effective collaboration and identifying critical gaps in developing solutions to climate-driven changes in marine food webs, species assemblages, and global fisheries. This work complements the Ocean Decade Vision 2030 process by providing an assessment of actions that are underway and guidance to establish new actions needed to monitor and understand marine biodiversity and manage global fisheries within a changing climate. We provide recommendations for new and existing Ocean Decade Actions around the climate-biodiversity-fisheries nexus to help achieve the Ocean Decade outcomes of a “productive, predicted, healthy, and resilient ocean” by 2030.
Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales with blaIMP-6 predominance in hospitals from 2018 to 2021 in Nara, Japan
Authors: Kishi Rio , Nakano Ryuichi , Nakano Akiyo , Harimoto Takehito , Taniguchi Ryusei , Ando Sayaka , Suzuki Yuki , Yamaguchi Koichi , Kitagawa Daisuke , Horiuchi Saori , Tsubaki Kousuke , Morita Ryuichi , Kawabe Takashi , Yano Hisakazu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Despite the global health risk of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), especially carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE), Japan reports a significantly low frequency of CRE with a predominance of IMP-type carbapenemases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of CRE isolated from hospitals in the city of Nara, Japan.

Methods
We obtained 171 CRE isolates from 16 791 Enterobacterales isolated at 23 hospitals in Nara between January 2018 and December 2021. Isolates of CPE were characterized through antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the carbapenem inactivation method, PCR and DNA sequencing. Genotypic diversity of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was determined via MLST and PFGE.

Results
The prevalence of CRE between 2018 and 2021 was 1.02%, gradually decreasing from 1.13% to 0.74%. Ninety-nine isolates were identified as CPE, representing six species. Ninety-seven CPE isolates harboured blaIMP-6, while the remaining two carried either blaIMP-1 or blaIMP-19. Genotype analysis identified ST131 as the dominant genotype for E. coli, but none for K. pneumoniae. PFGE results suggested clonal spread of CPE in Hospital A, where CRE was isolated in high numbers (n = 44).

Conclusions
In this study, CRE prevalence was marginally higher than previously reported in Japan, but still low in frequency. A predominance of Enterobacterales harbouring blaIMP-6 was confirmed in Nara. The spread of CPE at Hospital A suggested the possibility of a nosocomial outbreak due to blaIMP-6 transmission via plasmids or clonal spread. Continued monitoring is crucial for effective management of CRE prevalence in the region.
Anterior and posterior surgical approach for vertebral lumbar Mycobacterium abscessus osteomyelitis
Authors: Patel Jay , Malkoc Aldin , Ghauri Muhammad S , Amin Luv , Petersen Morgan , Cochrane Julia , Hopkins Gail , Schwartz Samuel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) infections primarily affect immunocompromised patients who commonly present with non-orthopedic infections. We present a case of a 63-year-old female presented with persistent back pain and radicular pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large multiloculated anterior epidural abscess. We show here the unique occurrence of lumbar M. abscessus vertebral osteomyelitis, which was treated with L2 and L3 corpectomies, anterior lumbar interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation via an anterolateral thoracoabdominal (TA) incision. Vascular surgery provided L1–L4 spine exposure via a left anterolateral TA incision, whereas orthopedic surgery performed L2 and L3 corpectomies with lumbar cage placement and posterior instrumentation in two separate procedures. The patient was discharged to a skilled nursing facility, retaining all neurological function, and is progressing well on follow-up.
Joint Ventures in the Energy and Natural Resource Sectors
Authors: Timothy A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the logic for having a joint venture (in whatever form it takes) and the joint venture structures which are most commonly used in the energy and natural resource sectors (with a particular focus on the distinction between incorporated and unincorporated joint ventures). It also considers the particular use of joint operating agreements in petroleum projects, and contains a general review of the typical duration and the accompanying inherent uncertainty of joint ventures. This chapter concludes with an examination of the differences between the various different forms of joint ventures as they are used in relation to petroleum projects and other energy and natural resource sector projects (and particularly in relation to projects for the generation of energy from renewable energy sources).
Removal of the Operator
Authors: Timothy A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the disputes which arise under unincorporated joint ventures (JVs), where the parties appoint an operator under a joint operating agreement (JOA) and later wish to remove that operator from the operation of the JV. As will be seen, removing an operator against its will under a JOA is a difficult exercise and, as a result, does not frequently happen. The occurrence of such a removal where there was no right to do so without cause could result in a dispute. This issue does not arise when a JV company is formed to manage the operations of the JV. The JV company itself is the operator, so it makes little sense for the shareholders to change or remove that company from the operations of the JV.
Introduction
Authors: Petsche Markus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter has a fourfold purpose. First of all, it explains why the concept of investment is of fundamental importance for the field of international investment law, including International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) arbitration. It highlights that the existence of an investment constitutes a requirement for the jurisdiction of ICSID and other investor-state tribunals. Second, it discusses the complexity of the notion of investment in ICSID arbitration. This complexity results from the fact that ICSID arbitration proceedings have a dual legal basis: the ICSID Convention and the applicable instrument of consent (investment treaty, investment law, or investment contract) and that the term ‘investment’ appears in both the Convention and consent instruments. Third, it provides a brief overview of the existing literature and identifies various gaps in those writings. Lastly, it presents the object and purpose of the book and clarifies its scope. Please suggest 5—10 keywords that can be used for describing the content of the chapter.