bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Power to the People
Authors: Dunbar-Hester Christina 
Published: May 2015

An examination of how activists combine political advocacy and technical practice in their promotion of the emancipatory potential of local low-power FM radio.
The United States ushered in a new era of small-scale broadcasting in 2000 when it began issuing low-power FM (LPFM) licenses for noncommercial radio stations around the country. Over the next decade, several hundred of these newly created low-wattage stations took to the airwaves. In Low Power to the People, Christina Dunbar-Hester describes the practices of an activist organization focused on LPFM during this era. Despite its origins as a pirate broadcasting collective, the group eventually shifted toward building and expanding regulatory access to new, licensed stations. These radio activists consciously cast radio as an alternative to digital utopianism, promoting an understanding of electronic media that emphasizes the local community rather than a global audience of Internet users.
Dunbar-Hester focuses on how these radio activists impute emancipatory politics to the “old” medium of radio technology by promoting the idea that “microradio” broadcasting holds the potential to empower ordinary people at the local community level. The group's methods combine political advocacy with a rare commitment to hands-on technical work with radio hardware, although the activists' hands-on, inclusive ethos was hampered by persistent issues of race, class, and gender.
Dunbar-Hester's study of activism around an “old” medium offers broader lessons about how political beliefs are expressed through engagement with specific technologies. It also offers insight into contemporary issues in media policy that is particularly timely as the FCC issues a new round of LPFM licenses.
Trace elements in quartz shed light on sediment provenance
Authors: Ackerson Michael R. , Tailby Nicholas D. , Watson E. Bruce 
Published: May 2015

AbstractQuartz is one of the most common minerals on the surface of the earth, and is a primary rock‐forming mineral across the rock cycle. These two factors make quartz an obvious target for sediment provenance studies. Observations from experimental and natural samples demonstrate that the trace element content of quartz often reflects the conditions of quartz formation. When quartz is weathered from its primary crystallization setting (i.e., quartz from a granitoid) it can retain many chemical signatures of formation throughout the sedimentation processes. These geochemical signatures can be used to understand the primary source of individual quartz grains within a sediment. Here we present a case study from the Bega River catchment to demonstrate that quartz grains in sediments at the mouth of the Bega River are sourced from granitoids within the drainage basin. Data presented here also indicate that a portion of the beach sediment is also derived from either (i) sedimentary rocks within the basin or; (ii) mixing with sediments at the mouth of the river. The Bega River catchment was selected for this study because it is both small and has a well‐constrained bedrock lithology, making it an ideal location to test the utility of this provenance technique. However, quartz trace element provenance has broad applications to modern and ancient sediments and can be used in lieu of, or in conjunction with, other provenance techniques to elucidate sediment transport through time.
Organocatalytic Activation of the Leaving Group in the Intramolecular Asymmetric SN2′ Reaction
Authors: Kuroda Yusuke , Harada Shingo , Oonishi Akinori , Yamaoka Yousuke , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Takasu Kiyosei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA Brønsted‐acid‐catalyzed intramolecular enantioselective SN2′ reaction was developed utilizing trichloroacetimidate as a leaving group. The findings indicated that dual activation of the substrates is operative. This metal‐free allylic alkylation allows highly enantioselective access to 2‐vinylpyrrolidines bearing various substituents.
An Iodine‐Catalyzed Hofmann–Löffler Reaction
Authors: Martínez Claudio , Muñiz Kilian 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIodine reagents have been identified as economically and ecologically benign alternatives to transition metals, although their application as molecular catalysts in challenging CH oxidation reactions has remained elusive. An attractive iodine oxidation catalysis is now shown to promote the convenient conversion of carbon–hydrogen bonds into carbon–nitrogen bonds with unprecedented complete selectivity. The reaction proceeds by two interlocked catalytic cycles comprising a radical chain reaction, which is initiated by visible light as energy source. This unorthodox synthetic strategy for the direct oxidative amination of alkyl groups has no biosynthetic precedence and provides an efficient and straightforward access to a general class of saturated nitrogenated heterocycles.
South Korea's Global Health Outreach through Official Development Assistance: Analysis of Aid Activities of South Korea's Leading Aid Agencies, 2008–2012
Authors: Kim Eun‐mee , Ha Eun‐hee , Kwon Mi‐jin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAlthough South Korea is one of the newest members to join the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development's Development Assistance Committee in 2010, it has a long history of official development assistance (ODA), first as a recipient of aid (1945–1995) and later as an emerging donor (with the establishment of aid‐implementing agencies for concessional loans in 1987, and for grant aid in 1991, respectively). And, global public health has been one of the three largest outreach areas of South Korea's foreign aid programmes. This article examines the global public health outreach activities of South Korea's leading aid‐implementing agencies, namely Korea International Cooperation Agency, Korea Foundation for International Healthcare and Economic Development and Cooperation Fund, using data for the latest period, 2008–2012. South Korea's innovative global public health ODA through the Global Poverty Eradication Contribution is also examined. The analysis of global public health outreach activities has shown that South Korea has concentrated its foreign aid to Asia and Africa, and that a large share of its aid has been focused on health care services; water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH); maternal and child health (MCH); and infectious diseases. A significant regional difference was found: South Korea's aid focused on health care services and MCH in Asia, while it focused on WASH and infectious diseases in Africa. Findings have also shown that South Korea's priority countries for development cooperation have received more aid compared with non‐priority countries. In conclusion, we have found that South Korea's global health outreach activities were in line with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), but that they lack a clear focus and do not have globally recognised initiatives or projects compared with large and traditional donors such as the United States and Japan. Further research is needed to examine the impact of the rapidly rising aid activities of South Korea, especially in global public health.
Strengthening Trade and Health Governance Capacities to Address Non‐Communicable Diseases in Asia: Challenges and Ways Forward
Authors: Baker Phillip , Kay Adrian , Walls Helen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTrade liberalisation is a driver of the rising burden of non‐communicable diseases in Asia through its role in facilitating the growth of the region's tobacco, alcohol and ultra‐processed foods industries while simultaneously restricting the capacities of governments to enact public health regulations. This highlights the need for greater coherence between health and trade policy in the region. Yet there has been little analysis of these topics with regard to Asia. What are the barriers and opportunities for enhancing trade and health policy coherence and strengthening governance capacities? How can health, in particular the prevention of non‐communicable diseases through curbing risk commodity markets, be positioned more centrally in trade policy? We draw upon a diversity of literature to outline seven key challenges to governing the health–trade nexus as it relates to risk commodities and non‐communicable diseases in Asia, and offer suggestions for strengthening capacities.
The Rising Tide of Mental Disorders in the Pacific Region: Forecasts of Disease Burden and Service Requirements from 2010 to 2050
Authors: Charlson Fiona J. , Diminic Sandra , Whiteford Harvey A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDespite progress, poor performance of Pacific Island health systems continues to be highlighted by treatment gaps. Projecting burden of disease and the human resource requirements for mental health services will help appropriately plan for mental health in the region. We drew upon burden of disease and population data to estimate disability‐associated burden of disease from 2010 to 2050 for the Pacific region. Packages of care for low and middle income countries provided a method for estimating mental health staffing requirements. Gaps between estimated target and current staffing levels were estimated. Holding prevalence rates constant over time would see a 74 per cent increase in disability‐related burden for mental disorders. Projected increases in workforce requirements over the 2010–2050 period are large. Preparation for the increasing burden of mental disorders into the future is essential. A sustained, collaborative approach must be secured to achieve improvements in mental health services and treatment coverage.
Mesotubular‐Structured Hybrid Membrane Nanocontainer for Periodical Monitoring, Separation, and Recovery of Cobalt Ions from Water
Authors: El‐Safty Sherif A. , Sakai Masaru , Selim Mahmoud M. , Alhamid Abdulaziz A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractExposure to toxins can cause deleterious effects even at very low concentrations. We have developed an optical sensor, filter, and extractor (i.e., containerlike) in a nanoscale membrane (NSM) for the ultratrace sensing, separation, and recovery of Co2+ ions from water. The design of the NSM is successfully controlled by dense decoration of a hydrophobic oil‐hydrophilic receptor onto mesoscale tubular‐structured silica nanochannels made of a hybrid anodic alumina membrane. The particular structure of the nanocontainer is ideal to control the multiple functions of the membrane, such as the optical detection/recognition, rejection/permeation, and recovery of Co2+ species in a single step. A typical sensor, filter, and extractor assessment experiment was performed by using a benchtop contact time technique and a flow‐through cell detector to allow for precise control of the optical detection and exclusive rejection of target ions and the permeation of nontarget metal ions in water. This nanocontainer membrane has great potential to meet the increasing needs of purification and separation of Co2+ ions.
Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalate‐Based Metal–Organic Networks for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
Authors: Hao Hong‐Fang , Zhou Wen‐Zhe , Zang Hong‐Ying , Tan Hua‐Qiao , Qi Yan‐Fei , Wang Yong‐Hui , Li Yang‐Guang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe reaction of Keggin‐type polyoxometalate (POM) units, transition‐metal (TM) ions, and a rigid bis(imidazole) ligand (1,4‐bis(1‐imidazolyl)benzene (bimb)) in a hydrothermal environment led to the isolation of four new POM‐based metal–organic networks, [H2L][CuL][SiW12O40]⋅2 H2O (1), [H2L]2[Co(H2O)3L][SiW11CoO39]⋅6 H2O (2), KH[CuL]2[SiW11CoO39(H2O)]⋅2 H2O (3), and [CuL]4[GeW12O40]⋅H2O (4; L=bimb). All four compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 3 are new 3D networks with 1D channels. Compounds 2 and 4 contain 2D networks, which further stack into 3D supramolecular networks. The contributions of pH value, the negative charge of the POM, and the TM coordination modes to the construction of 3D networks were elucidated by comparing the synthetic conditions and structures of compounds 1–4. The photocatalytic properties of compounds 1–4 were investigated using methylene blue (MB) degradation under UV light. All compounds showed good catalytic activity and structural stability. The possible catalytic mechanism was discussed on the basis of active‐species trapping experiments. The different photocatalytic activities of compounds 1–4 were explained by comparison of the band gaps of different POM species and different packing modes of POM units in these hybrid compounds.
Synthesis of 2D/2D Structured Mesoporous Co3O4 Nanosheet/N‐Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites as a Highly Stable Negative Electrode for Lithium Battery Applications
Authors: Sennu Palanichamy , Kim Hyo Sang , An Jae Youn , Aravindan Vanchiappan , Lee Yun‐Sung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMesoporous Co3O4 nanosheets (Co3O4‐NS) and nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐rGO) are synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach, and the N‐rGO/Co3O4‐NS composite is formulated through an infiltration procedure. Eventually, the obtained composites are subjected to various characterization techniques, such as XRD, Raman spectroscopy, surface area analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and TEM. The lithium‐storage properties of N‐rGO/Co3O4‐NS composites are evaluated in a half‐cell assembly to ascertain their suitability as a negative electrode for lithium‐ion battery applications. The 2D/2D nanostructured mesoporous N‐rGO/Co3O4‐NS composite delivered a reversible capacity of about 1305 and 1501 mAh g−1 at a current density of 80 mA g−1 for the 1st and 50th cycles, respectively. Furthermore, excellent cyclability, rate capability, and capacity retention characteristics are noted for the N‐rGO/Co3O4‐NS composite. This improved performance is mainly related to the existence of mesoporosity and a sheet‐like 2D hierarchical morphology, which translates into extra space for lithium storage and a reduced electron pathway. Also, the presence of N‐rGO and carbon shells in Co3O4‐NS should not be excluded from such exceptional performance, which serves as a reliable conductive channel for electrons and act as synergistically to accommodate volume expansion upon redox reactions. Ex‐situ TEM, impedance spectroscopy, and XPS, are also conducted to corroborate the significance of the 2D morphology towards sustained lithium storage.
Entwicklung und messtechnische Untersuchung eines dezentralen kompakten Wärmerückgewinnungsventilators
Authors: Speer Christoph , Pfluger Rainer , Feist Wolfgang , Zgaga Janez , Lanthaler David , Recla Florian 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBei dezentralen Lüftungssystemen sollte neben hoher strömungsmechanischer und thermischer Effizienz auch eine möglichst kostengünstige Fertigung in Kombination mit hohem Funktionsumfang und geringen Betriebskosten erreicht werden. Darüber hinaus bietet sich bei dezentralen Lösungen die Möglichkeit, das System in der Gebäudehülle zu integrieren und somit Platz im Gebäude einzusparen. Mit dem Ziel, diese Anforderungen zu erfüllen, wurde der CHRF (Counterflow Heat Recovery Fan) entwickelt. Bei diesem System werden die Volumenströme für Ab‐/Fortluft und Außen‐/Zuluft durch nur einen Querstromventilator erzeugt, welcher simultan als regenerativer Wärmeübertrager fungiert. Durch die Konzentration dieser Aufgaben in einer einzigen Komponente und durch die Entwicklung eines optimierten Systemdesigns kann der CHRF sehr kompakt und flach ausgeführt werden. Ein Funktionsmuster des CHRF wurde auf Basis von numerischen sowie analytischen strömungsmechanischen und thermischen Berechnungen entwickelt und messtechnisch untersucht. Das Funktionsmuster, die Ergebnisse der messtechnischen Untersuchung sowie die Evaluierung der numerischen Simulation werden vorgestellt.Development and measurement of a decentralized compact heat recovery fan. In addition to a high aerodynamic and thermal efficiency, a cost‐effective production combined with high functionality and low operating costs should be achieved for decentralized ventilation systems. Furthermore decentralized solutions can be integrated into the building envelope and thus saving space in the building. With the aim to meet these requirements the CHRF (Counterflow Heat Recovery Fan) was developed. In this system, the flow rates for extract/exhaust air and outdoor/supply air are generated by one cross‐flow fan, which simultaneously acts as a regenerative heat exchanger. By concentrating these tasks in a single component and by the development of an optimized system design, the CHRF can be realized very compact and slim. A laboratory prototype of the CHRF was developed on the basis of numerical and analytical fluid mechanical and thermal calculations and investigated by measurement. The laboratory prototype, the results of experimental measurements and the evaluation of the numerical simulation are presented.
Entwicklung eines neuen, messdatenbasierten Validierungsszenarios für die dynamische Gebäudesimulation
Authors: Kersken Matthias , Heusler Ingo , Sinnesbichler Herbert , Strachan Paul 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIm Rahmen des ANNEX 58 “Reliable Building Energy Performance Characterisation Based on Full Scale Dynamic Measurements“ [1] werden im Programmschwerpunkt “Energy in Buildings and Communities“ (EBC) der “International Energy Agency“ (IEA) unterschiedliche messdatenbasierte Validierungsszenarien für Gebäudesimulationsprogramme erstellt. Die hierzu durchgeführten Messkampagnen werden an zwei identischen Versuchsgebäuden mit hohen thermischen Speichermassen, den sogenannten “Zwillingshäusern“ des Fraunhofer‐Instituts für Bauphysik IBP in Holzkirchen bei München, durchgeführt. Ziel ist die Bereitstellung präziser Messdatensätze zur Validierung, also zur Qualitätskontrolle kommerzieller Simulationsprogramme (z. B. TRNSYS, WUFI® Plus, etc.), verbreiteter wissenschaftlicher und nicht‐kommerzieller Anwendungen (z. B.ESPr, EnergyPlus, etc.) als auch eine Überprüfung der Anwendbarkeit vereinfachter Ansätze wie Lumped Capacity‐ und elektrischer Analogiemodelle (RC‐Modelle). Diese Veröffentlichung erklärt das Versuchsdesign sowie die eigentliche Validierungsprozedur und beschreibt die in den einzelnen Szenarien generierten Messdaten, ihre Unterschiede und wie diese im Rahmen der Validierungsstrategie verwendet werden können.Introduction of a new validation scenario for building energy simulation tools based on measurement data. Within the ANNEX 58 “Reliable Building Energy Performance Characterisation Based on Full Scale Dynamic Measurements“ [1] of the “Energy in Buildings and Communities“ (EBC) program of the “International Energy Agency“ (IEA) different scenarios for the validation of Building Energy Simulation (BES) tools are developed. The required measurements are conducted on the two identical Twin Houses of the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP. These two buildings have a high thermal mass and are located in southern Germany, between the city of Munich and the Alps. The purpose of these campaigns is to provide highly accurate measurement data and documentation for the quality assurance of simulation programs. This scenario is intended to be used for commercial software like TRNSYS and WUFI® Plus but also for commonly used research and non‐commercial tools like ESPr and EnergyPlus. The validation data can also be applied on simplified approaches like lumped capacity and capacity‐resistance (RC) models. This publication gives an overview over the experimental design and focuses on collected measurement data and on the differences between the three single scenarios.
Sensitivity to Affective Information and Investors' Evaluation of Past Performance: An Eye‐tracking Study
Authors: Rubaltelli Enrico , Agnoli Sergio , Franchin Laura 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the present work, we used the eye‐tracking methodology to investigate how affective reactions influence investment decision making. In addition, we looked at individual differences in terms of people's sensitivity to affective information and how efficiently they regulate it, that is, trait emotional intelligence. We demonstrated that people who are more sensitive to affective information have larger pupil dilation when looking at the past performance of a stock fund. In addition, we also found that participants' larger pupil dilation had an impact on their investment decisions (whether people were more likely to sell their shares, hold on to the investment, or buy more shares). A larger pupil dilation led people to be more consistent and willing to invest more money on a fund regardless from its past performance (positive or negative). We also tested the hypothesis that individuals with a larger pupil dilation should be more influenced by a fund's past performance (e.g., selling their shares more often when the past performance of the fund was negative and buying additional shares more often when the past performance was positive). However, results did not support this explanation. Finally, our data revealed that the effect of individual differences in trait emotional intelligence on investment decisions was significantly mediated by pupil dilation. In the discussion, we explored the relationship between our results and previous evidence on the role of pupil dilation in processing information under uncertainty and the role of affect in decision making. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of baicalin, oroxylin A‐7‐O‐glucuronide and wogonoside in rat plasma by UPLC‐DAD and its application in pharmacokinetics of pure baicalin, Radix Scutellariae and Yinhuang granule
Authors: Chen Hui , Li Zheng , Li Yin‐jie , Wu Xiao‐wen , Wang Shi‐rui , Chen Kai , Zheng Xiao‐xiao , Du Qian , Tang Dao‐quan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel UPLC‐DAD method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of baicalin (baicalein‐7‐glucuronide, BG), oroxylin A‐7‐O‐glucuronide (OAG) and wogonoside (WG) in rat plasma using rutin as the internal standard. Plasma samples were precipitated using acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. Separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 µm) using gradient acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid water solution as mobile phase. The flow‐rate was set at 0.4 mL/min and the eluate was detected at 275 nm. The method was linear over the ranges of 0.075–17.50, 0.050–12.60 and 0.056–14.10 µg/mL for BG, OAG and WG, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were respectively <4.8% and 6.4%. All of the limits of detection of three analytes in rat plasma were 0.01 µg/mL, whereas the limits of quantification were, respectively, 0.035, 0.025 and, 0.025 µg/mL. This assay has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetics of BG, OAG and WG in rats after oral administration of Yinhuang granule (YHG) and comparative pharmacokinetics of BG in rats following oral administration of the pure BG, Radix Scutellariae (RS) or YHG. We speculate that some co‐existing ingredients in RS or YHG may increase the absorption and elimination of BG in rat. This work may be helpful for the quality control of Yinhuang granule. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tuning the pH Response of i‐Motif DNA Oligonucleotides
Authors: Lannes Laurie , Halder Saheli , Krishnan Yamuna , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCytosine‐rich single‐stranded DNA oligonucleotides are able to adopt an i‐motif conformation, a four‐stranded structure, near a pH of 6. This unique pH‐dependent conformational switch is reversible and hence can be controlled by changing the pH. Here, we show that the pH response range of the human telomeric i‐motif can be shifted towards more basic pH values by introducing 5‐methylcytidines (5‐MeC) and towards more acidic pH values by introducing 5‐bromocytidines (5‐BrC). No thermal destabilisation was observed in these chemically modified i‐motif sequences. The time required to attain the new conformation in response to sudden pH changes was slow for all investigated sequences but was found to be ten times faster in the 5‐BrC derivative of the i‐motif.