bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature or nurture of coplanar Tatooines: the aligned circumbinary Kuiper belt analogue around HD 131511
Authors: Kennedy Grant M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A key discovery of the Kepler mission is of the circumbinary planets known as ‘Tatooines’, which appear to be well aligned with their host stars’ orbits. Whether this alignment is due to initially coplanar circumbinary planet-forming discs (i.e. nature), or subsequent alignment of initially misaligned discs by warping the inner disc or torquing the binary (i.e. nurture), is not known. Tests of which scenario dominates may be possible by observing circumbinary Kuiper belt analogues (‘debris discs’), which trace the plane of the primordial disc. Here, the 140 au diameter circumbinary debris disc around HD 131511 is shown to be aligned to within 10° of the plane of the near edge-on 0.2 au binary orbit. The stellar equator is also consistent with being in this plane. If the primordial disc was massive enough to pull the binary into alignment, this outcome should be common and distinguishing nature versus nurture will be difficult. However, if only the inner disc becomes aligned with the binary, the HD 131511 system was never significantly misaligned. Given an initial misalignment, the ∼ Gyr main-sequence lifetime of the star allows secular perturbations to align the debris disc out to 100 au at the cost of an increased scaleheight. The observed debris disc scaleheight limits any misalignment to less than 25°. With only a handful known, many more such systems need to be characterized to help test whether the alignment of circumbinary planets is nature or nurture.
Becoming incapacitated? Long‐term sickness benefit recipients and the construction of stigma and identity narratives
Authors: Garthwaite Kayleigh 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe transition to becoming ‘incapacitated’ and receiving sickness benefits represents a significant shift in an individual's narrative. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with 25 long‐term sickness benefits recipients in North‐East England, this article focuses upon how individuals perceived and managed becoming ‘incapacitated’, particularly in relation to stigma and identity. The findings show that participants negotiated changes to their identity in varying ways – constructing new dimensions of self, validating their illness and pursuing aspirations. Importantly, the transition onto sickness benefits does not inevitably result in a shift to a negative identity. The term incapacity can include many realities, challenging the notion of sickness benefit recipients as being passively dependent. Instead, an active, sometimes very functional sense of self can be accompanied by a positive identity for recipients, which is especially important, in a context of the rhetoric surrounding ongoing welfare reform and sickness benefits recipients in the UK.
Effect of storage parameters on freeze‐dried kefir grains
Authors: Kök Taş Tuğba 
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this study was to use freeze‐drying to preserve microbial activity while extending the shelf life of kefir grains and to determine the best storage temperature. Freeze‐dried kefir grains were lyophilised and were later stored in a multilayer plastic film with a moisture barrier for 90 days at varying temperatures. Microbial activity continued until the 60th day of storage at 4 °C. PCR analysis was performed to determine Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens as an indicator kefir micro‐organism. It was concluded that the conservation of kefir grains by freeze‐drying protects the natural embedded microbiota; therefore, both the shelf life of kefir grains and the consumption of natural kefir increase.
Scandinavian clinical practice guideline on mechanical ventilation in adults with the acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: CLAESSON J. , FREUNDLICH M. , GUNNARSSON I. , LAAKE J. H. , VANDVIK P. O. , VARPULA T. , AASMUNDSTAD T. A. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThe objective of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SSAI) task force on mechanical ventilation in adults with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is to formulate treatment recommendations based on available evidence from systematic reviews and randomised trials.MethodsThis guideline was developed according to standards for trustworthy guidelines through a systematic review of the literature and the use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system for assessment of the quality of evidence and for moving from evidence to recommendations in a systematic and transparent process.ResultsWe found evidence of moderately high quality to support a strong recommendation for pressure limitation and small tidal volumes in patients with ARDS. Also, we suggest positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) > 5 cm H2O in moderate to severe ARDS and prone ventilation 16/24 h for the first week in moderate to severe ARDS (weak recommendation, low quality evidence). Volume controlled ventilation or pressure control may be equally beneficial or harmful and partial modes of ventilatory support may be used if clinically feasible (weak recommendation, very low quality evidence). We suggest utilising recruitment manoeuvres as a rescue measure in catastrophic hypoxaemia only (weak recommendation, low quality evidence). Based on high‐quality evidence, we strongly recommend not to use high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation. We could find no relevant data from randomised trials to guide decisions on choice of FiO2 or utilisation of non‐invasive ventilation.ConclusionWe strongly recommend pressure‐ and volume limitation and suggest using higher PEEP and prone ventilation in patients with severe respiratory failure.
Acute kidney injury with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 in severe sepsis
Authors: MÜLLER R. B. , HAASE N. , LANGE T. , WETTERSLEV J. , PERNER A. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundWe aimed to detail the effects of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) vs. Ringer's on kidney function including the interaction with mortality in post‐hoc analyses as resuscitation with HES 130/0.42 increased mortality in the Scandinavian Starch for Severe Sepsis/Septic Shock (6S) trial.MethodsIn all 798 randomised patients, we assessed the incidence and effect on mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the HES vs. Ringer's acetate groups using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome criteria. We also assessed the intervention effect on time to and duration of renal replacement therapy (RRT).ResultsAt baseline, the intervention groups were similar. The maximal AKI stage was higher in the HES vs. Ringer's group within the first 5 days after randomisation (P = 0.03), the average difference being 0.2 points (P < 0.01). An increase in AKI stage was associated with mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.35; 95% CI 1.22 to 1.49; P < 0.01). Significantly, more patients in the HES group received RRT within the first 5 days (P = 0.01), and the time to initiation of RRT was also shorter compared with the Ringer's group (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.01–1.93; P = 0.04). The intervention effect of HES on mortality was reduced when adjusting for AKI stage as a time‐dependent covariate (P = 0.15).ConclusionIn patients with severe sepsis, HES appeared to increase the rate of severe AKI and use of RRT within the first 5 days. The increased mortality observed with HES may have been partly mediated through acute kidney impairment.
Regulation of dopaminergic markers expression in response to acute and chronic morphine and to morphine withdrawal
Authors: García‐Pérez Daniel , Núñez Cristina , Laorden M. Luisa , Milanés M. Victoria 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDopamine (DA) is thought to represent a teaching signal and has been implicated in the induction of addictive behaviours. Dysfunction of DA homeostasis leading to high or low DA levels is causally linked to addiction. Previously, it has been proposed that the transcription factors Nurr1 and Pitx3, which are critical for transcription of a set of genes involved in DA metabolism in the mesolimbic pathway, are associated with addiction pathology. Using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence and Western blotting, we studied the effects of single morphine administration, morphine dependence and withdrawal on the DA markers DA transporters (DAT), vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT2) and DA 2 receptor subtype (DRD2), DA 1 receptor subtype as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and/or nucleus accumbens (NAc). In addition, Nurr1 and Pitx3 expression was also measured. Present data showed a high degree of colocalization of Nurr1 and Pitx3 with TH+ neurons in the VTA. We found that the increased Nurr1 and/or Pitx3 levels during morphine dependence and in morphine‐withdrawn rats were associated to an increase of DAT, VMAT2 and DRD2. Altogether, present data indicate that morphine dependence and withdrawal induced consistent alterations of most of the DA markers, which was correlated with transcription factors involved in the maintenance of DA neurons in drug‐reward pathways, suggesting that Nurr1 and Pitx3 regulation might be associated with controlling adaptation to chronic morphine and to morphine withdrawal‐induced alterations of DA neurons activity in the mesolimbic pathway.
The molecular spectrum and clinical impact of DIS3 mutations in multiple myeloma
Authors: Weißbach Susann , Langer Christian , Puppe Bernhard , Nedeva Theodora , Bach Elisa , Kull Miriam , Bargou Ralf , Einsele Hermann , Rosenwald Andreas , Knop Stefan , Leich Ellen 
Published: December 2014

SummaryMultiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm that presents with a major biological and clinical heterogeneity. We here investigated the spectrum of clonal and subclonal mutations of DIS3, an active part of the exosome complex, that may play a role in the development or progression of MM. The whole coding sequence of DIS3 was subjected to deep sequencing in 81 uniformly‐treated MM patients and 12 MM cell lines and the overall occurrence of DIS3 mutations as well as the presence of DIS3 mutations in minor and major subclones were correlated with cytogenetic alterations and clinical parameters. Our study identified DIS3 mutations in 9/81 patients that were associated with 13q14 deletions and IGH translocations on the cytogenetic level. Specifically, we detected seven novel somatic DIS3 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and defined three hot spot mutations within the RNB domain. Lastly, we found a trend towards a shorter median overall survival for patients with DIS3 mutations, and patients carrying DIS3 mutations in minor subclones of their tumours showed a significantly worse response to therapy compared to patients with DIS3 mutations in the major subclone.
A compendium of cytogenetic abnormalities in myelofibrosis: molecular and phenotypic correlates in 826 patients
Authors: Wassie Emnet , Finke Christy , Gangat Naseema , Lasho Terra L. , Pardanani Animesh , Hanson Curtis A. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: December 2014

SummaryAmong 826 patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and analysable metaphases on cytogenetic studies, 352 (42·6%) had abnormal karyotype, of which 240 (68·2%) were sole aberrations and 48 (13·6%) were complex; the most frequent abnormalities were 20q− (23·3%), 13q− (18·2%), +8 (11·1%), +9 (9·9%), chromosome 1q+ (9·7%) and −7/7q− (7·1%). Phenotypic correlates included: abnormal karyotype with anaemia (P = 0·02), leucopenia (P < 0·01) and thrombocytopenia (P < 0·01); complex karyotype with younger age (P = 0·04) and thrombocytopenia (P < 0·01); leucopenia with 20q−, +8 and −7/7q− and thrombocytopenia with 20q− and −7/7q−. Cytopenias were less likely to occur with 13q−. 476 patients were annotated for JAK2/CALR/MPL mutations; abnormal karyotype frequencies were 43% in JAK2, 42% CALR, 33% MPL mutated and 34% triple‐negative cases (P = 0·3). A proportion of patients were also screened for ASXL1, EZH2, IDH1, IDH2, SRSF2, U2AF1 and SF3B1 mutations; in all instances, mutational frequencies were higher in patients with normal karyotype, reaching significance for ASXL1 (P = 0·02) and U2AF1 (P = 0·01). 13q− was associated with mutant CALR (P = 0·03), +9 with mutant JAK2 (P = 0·02) and 20q− with mutant SRSF2 (P = 0·02). The current PMF study provides detailed cytogenetic information and correlations with mutations and clinical phenotype.
Follow‐up of post‐transplant minimal residual disease and chimerism in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: 90 d to react
Authors: Pochon Cécile , Oger Emmanuel , Michel Gérard , Dalle Jean‐Hugues , Salmon Alexandra , Nelken Brigitte , Bertrand Yves , Cavé Hélène , Cayuela Jean‐Michel , Grardel Nathalie , Macintyre Elizabeth , Margueritte Geneviève , Méchinaud Françoise , Rohrlich Pierre , Paillard Catherine , Demeocq François , Schneider Pascale , Plantaz Dominique , Poirée Marilyne , Eliaou Jean‐François , Semana Gilbert , Drunat Séverine , Jonveaux Philippe , Bordigoni Pierre , Gandemer Virginie 
Published: December 2014

SummaryRelapse after transplantation is a major cause of treatment failure in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Here, we report the findings of a prospective national study designed to investigate the feasibility of immune intervention in children in first or subsequent remission following myeloablative conditioning. This study included 133 children who received a transplant for ALL between 2005 and 2008. Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) based on T cell receptor/immunoglobulin gene rearrangements was measured on days −30, 30, 90 and 150 post‐transplantation. Ciclosporin treatment was rapidly discontinued and donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) were programmed for patients with a pre‐ or post‐transplant MRD status ≥10−3. Only nine patients received DLI. Pre‐ and post‐transplant MRD status, and the duration of ciclosporin were independently associated with 5‐year overall survival (OS), which was 62·07% for the whole cohort. OS was substantially higher in patients cleared of MRD than in those with persistent MRD (52·3% vs. 14·3%, respectively). Only pre‐transplant MRD status (Hazard Ratio 2·57, P = 0·04) and duration of ciclosporin treatment (P < 0·001) were independently associated with relapse. The kinetics of chimerism were not useful for predicting relapse, whereas MRD monitoring up to 90 d post‐transplantation was a valuable prognostic tool to guide therapeutic intervention.
Enhanced GABAergic synaptic transmission at VLPAG neurons and potent modulation by oxycodone in a bone cancer pain model
Authors: Takasu Keiko , Ogawa Koichi , Nakamura Atsushi , Kanbara Tomoe , Ono Hiroko , Tomii Takako , Morioka Yasuhide , Hasegawa Minoru , Shibasaki Masahiro , Mori Tomohisa , Suzuki Tsutomu , Sakaguchi Gaku 
Published: December 2014

Background and PurposeWe demonstrated previously that oxycodone has potent antinociceptive effects at supraspinal sites. In this study, we investigated changes in neuronal function and antinociceptive mechanisms of oxycodone at ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VLPAG) neurons, which are a major site of opioid action, in a femur bone cancer (FBC) model with bone cancer‐related pain.Experimental ApproachWe characterized the supraspinal antinociceptive profiles of oxycodone and morphine on mechanical hypersensitivity in the FBC model. Based on the disinhibition mechanism underlying supraspinal opioid antinociception, the effects of oxycodone and morphine on GABAA receptor‐mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in VLPAG neurons were evaluated in slices from the FBC model.Key ResultsThe supraspinal antinociceptive effects of oxycodone, but not morphine, were abolished by blocking G protein‐gated inwardly rectifying potassium1 (Kir3.1) channels. In slices from the FBC model, GABAergic synaptic transmission at VLPAG neurons was enhanced, as indicated by a leftward shift of the input–output relationship curve of evoked IPSCs, the increased paired‐pulse facilitation and the enhancement of miniature IPSC frequency. Following treatment with oxycodone and morphine, IPSCs were reduced in the FBC model, and the inhibition of presynaptic GABA release by oxycodone, but not morphine was enhanced and dependent on Kir3.1 channels.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur results demonstrate that Kir3.1 channels are important for supraspinal antinociception and presynaptic GABA release inhibition by oxycodone in the FBC model. Enhanced GABAergic synaptic transmission at VLPAG neurons in the FBC model is an important site of supraspinal antinociception by oxycodone via Kir3.1 channel activation.
Cenozoic evolution of the central Myanmar drainage system: insights from sediment provenance in the Minbu Sub‐Basin
Authors: Licht Alexis , Reisberg Laurie , France‐Lanord Christian , Naing Soe Aung , Jaeger Jean‐Jacques 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLocated at the southern edge of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, the Central Myanmar Basin (CMB) is divided into several Tertiary sub‐basins that have been almost continuously filled since the Indo‐Asia collision. They are currently drained by the Irrawaddy River, which flows down the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Sino‐Burman Ranges. Tracing sediment provenance from the CMB is thus critical for reconstructing the past denudation of the Himalayan‐Tibetan orogen; it is especially relevant since a popular drainage scenario involves the capture of the Tsangpo drainage system in Tibet by a precursor to the Irrawaddy River. Here, we document the provenance of sediment samples from the Minbu Sub‐Basin at the southern edge of the CMB, which is traversed by the modern stream of the Irrawaddy River. Samples ranging in age from middle Eocene to Pleistocene were investigated using Nd isotopes, trace element geochemistry and sandstone modal compositions. Our data provide no evidence of a dramatic provenance shift; however, sandstone petrography, trace element ratios and isotopic values display long‐term trends indicating a gradual decrease of the volcanic input and its replacement by a dominant supply from the Burmese basement. These trends are interpreted to reflect the progressive denudation of the Andean‐type volcanic arc that extended onto the Burmese margin, along the flank of the modern Sino‐Burman Ranges, where most of the post‐collisional deformation of central Myanmar is located. Though our results do not exclude an ephemeral or diluted contribution from a past Tsangpo‐Irrawaddy connection, sedimentation rates suggest that this hypothesis is unlikely before the development of a stable Tsangpo‐Brahmaputra River in the Miocene. These results thus suggest that the central Myanmar drainage basin has remained restricted to the Sino‐Burman Ranges since the beginning of the India‐Asia collision.
Peer support for parents of disabled children part 1: perceived outcomes of a one‐to‐one service, a qualitative study
Authors: Shilling V. , Bailey S. , Logan S. , Morris C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundParents of disabled children are encouraged to seek peer support. Delivering one‐to‐one support requires resources; therefore, investigating how these services may impact on families and those providing the service is important when evaluating such services.MethodsWe carried out a qualitative study involving semi‐structured interviews and focus groups. Participants were 12 parents and 23 befrienders who had contact with the Face2Face one‐to‐one befriending service in Devon and Cornwall during a 12‐month period, and 10 professionals from health, social care and education services.FindingsShared experience was perceived central to successful peer support and was a catalyst for other elements of support, enabling parents to (i) learn from the experience of others; (ii) speak freely in a safe and non‐judgemental environment; and (iii) receive support and encouragement from their befriender. These elements underpinned perceived outcomes for both parents providing and receiving support. Outcomes for parents receiving support centred on emotional stability, personal growth and reduced isolation. Supporting parents experienced positive outcomes through their training, mutual support and the feeling that they were helping others. Parents and befrienders appeared to benefit through expanding their social network. Nevertheless providing support was reported to create emotional burden and concerns for befrienders around their performance, and also required a substantial time commitment.ConclusionsBefrienders as well as parents perceived positive outcomes from their involvement in peer support although there is also potential for less positive impact on those offering support.
Laboratory evaluation of anti-phospholipid syndrome: a preliminary prospective study of phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies in an at-risk patient cohort
Authors: Heikal N M , Jaskowski T D , Malmberg E , Lakos G , Branch D W , Tebo A E 
Published: December 2014

SummaryImmunoglobulin (Ig)G/IgM autoantibodies to phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) were evaluated individually and in combination with criteria anti-phospholipid (aPL) tests in a prospectively ascertained cohort of patients at risk for anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS). One hundred and sixty (160) consecutive requests for lupus anti-coagulant (LAC) from the University of Utah Health Sciences Center were identified during 8 weeks. Of these, 104 unique patients had additional requests for cardiolipin (aCL) and/or beta2 glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) IgG and/or IgM; samples were retained and analysed for aPS/PT, aCL and/or aβ2GPI IgG and IgM antibodies. Following testing, a comprehensive chart review was performed and patients categorized according to their clinical diagnosis. Individual and combined sensitivities, specificities, odd ratios (OR), diagnostic accuracy for specific tests or combinations by receiver operating characteristic (ROC), area under the curve (AUC) analyses and correlations between test results were determined. The sensitivities of aPS/PT IgG/IgM (54·6/45·5%) were lower than LAC (81·8%) but higher relative to aCL IgG/IgM (27·3/0%) or aβ2GPI IgG/IgM (27·3/0%). The best correlation between LAC and any aPL test was observed with aPS/PT (P = 0·002). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic accuracies for any panel with LAC: LAC/aβ2GPI IgG/aCL IgG [AUC 0·979, OR 475·4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 23·1–9056·5, P = 0·0001 and LAC/aβ2GPI IgG/aPS/PT IgG or LAC/aPS/PT IgG/aCL IgG (AUC 0·962, OR 265·3, 14·2–4958·2, P = 0·0001). The high correlation between LAC and aPS/PT IgG/IgM in this preliminary study suggest that this marker may be useful in the evaluation of APS. More studies to determine the optimal aPL antibody tests combination are needed.