bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root canal filling in primary molars without successors: Mineral trioxide aggregate versus gutta‐percha/AH‐Plus
Authors: Bezgin Tugba , Ozgul Betul Memiş , Arikan Volkan , Sari Saziye 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographical success of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and gutta‐percha/AH‐Plus used as a root canal filling material in primary second molars without successors. A total of 16 patients (9 girls, 7 boys) aged 6–13 years (mean: 10.5) were selected and randomly distributed into the treatment groups. Children were recalled for clinical and radiographic examination at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months. Differences in treatment outcomes were analysed using chi‐squared and Fisher's exact tests. Clinically, there was no significant difference in the success rates between the groups at the end of a 3‐year follow‐up period (MTA: 100%; Gutta‐percha/AH‐Plus: 70%) (P > 0.05). However, radiographically, there was a significant difference between the groups (MTA: 80%; gutta‐percha/AH‐Plus: 30%) (P < 0.05). The present study showed that MTA can be recommended for use in root canal treatment of primary molars without successors based on better radiographic success.
Creatinine‐based equations for the adjustment of drug dosage in an obese population
Authors: Bouquegneau Antoine , Vidal‐Petiot Emmanuelle , Moranne Olivier , Mariat Christophe , Boffa Jean‐Jacques , Vrtovsnik François , Scheen André‐Jean , Krzesinski Jean‐Marie , Flamant Martin , Delanaye Pierre 
Published: November 2015

AimFor drug dosing adaptation, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommend using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equation, after ‘de‐indexation’ by body surface area (BSA). In pharmacology, the Cockcroft–Gault (CG) equation is still recommended to adapt drug dosage. In the context of obesity, adjusted ideal body weight (AIBW) is sometimes preferred to actual body weight (ABW) for the CG equation. The aim of the present study was to compare the performance of the different GFR‐estimating equations, non‐indexed or de‐indexed by BSA for the purpose of drug‐dosage adaptation in obese patients.MethodsWe analysed data from patients with a body mass index (BMI) higher than 30 kg m−2 who underwent a GFR measurement. eGFR was calculated using the CKD‐EPI and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations, de‐indexed by BSA, and the CG equation, using either ABW, AIBW or lean body weight (LBW) for the weight variable and compared with measured GFR, expressed in ml min−1.ResultsIn our population of obese patients, use of the AIBW instead of the ABW in the CG equation, markedly improved the overall accuracy of this equation [57% for CGABW and 79% for CGAIBW (P < 0.05)]. For high BMI (over 40 kg m−2), the accuracy of the CG equations is no different when using LBW than when using AIBW. The MDRD and CKD‐EPI equations de‐indexed by the BSA also performed well, with an overall higher accuracy for the MDRD de‐indexed equation [(80% and 76%, respectively (P < 0.05)].ConclusionsThe de‐indexed MDRD equation appeared to be the most suitable for estimating the non‐indexed GFR for the purpose of drug dosage adaptation in obese patients.
Polymorphisms of dopamine pathway genes NRG1 and LMX1A are associated with cognitive performance in bipolar disorder
Authors: Rolstad Sindre , Pålsson Erik , Ekman Carl Johan , Eriksson Elias , Sellgren Carl , Landén Mikael 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesLIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha (LMX1A) and neuregulin 1 (NRG1) are susceptibility genes for schizophrenia that have been implicated in the dopaminergic pathway and have been associated with altered cognitive functioning. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LMX1A and NRG1 would be associated with cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder.MethodsIn total, four SNPs were directly genotyped. Regression models with five aggregated cognitive domains and intelligence quotient (IQ) score were run using risk variants of LMX1A (rs11809911, rs4657412, rs6668493) and NRG1 (rs35753505) as predictors. Models were performed in a clinical sample of patients with bipolar disorder (n = 114) and healthy controls (n = 104).ResultsThe risk variants of the rs11809911 SNP in LMX1A were negatively associated with IQ score and memory/learning, whereas the risk variants of rs35753505 in NRG1 were positively associated with IQ score (adjusted R2 = 0.17, Q = 0.006) and memory/learning (adjusted R2 = 0.24, Q = 0.001). The risk variants of the rs35753505 SNP in NRG1 were positively associated with language (adjusted R2 = 0.11, Q = 0.006), visuospatial functions (adjusted R2 = 0.23, Q = 0.001), and attention/speed (adjusted R2 = 0.25, Q = 0.001). Results could not be replicated in controls.ConclusionsThe risk variants of the rs35753505 SNP were associated with increased performance in several cognitive domains and IQ, whereas the risk variants of the rs11809911 SNP in LMX1A was associated with reduced IQ and memory/learning.
Predicting pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Ryan J. E. , Warrier S. K. , Lynch A. C. , Ramsay R. G. , Phillips W. A. , Heriot A. G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimApproximately 20% of patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) while the remainder derive the benefit of improved local control and downstaging and a small proportion show a minimal response. The ability to predict which patients will benefit would allow for improved patient stratification directing therapy to those who are likely to achieve a good response, thereby avoiding ineffective treatment in those unlikely to benefit.MethodA systematic review of the English language literature was conducted to identify pathological factors, imaging modalities and molecular factors that predict pCR following chemoradiotherapy. PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Database searches were conducted with the following keywords and MeSH search terms: ‘rectal neoplasm’, ‘response’, ‘neoadjuvant’, ‘preoperative chemoradiation’, ‘tumor response’. After review of title and abstracts, 85 articles addressing the prediction of pCR were selected.ResultsClear methods to predict pCR before chemoradiotherapy have not been defined. Clinical and radiological features of the primary cancer have limited ability to predict response. Molecular profiling holds the greatest potential to predict pCR but adoption of this technology will require greater concordance between cohorts for the biomarkers currently under investigation.ConclusionAt present no robust markers of the prediction of pCR have been identified and the topic remains an area for future research. This review critically evaluates existing literature providing an overview of the methods currently available to predict pCR to nCRT for locally advanced rectal cancer. The review also provides a comprehensive comparison of the accuracy of each modality.
Transcriptional Impact of Rare and Private Copy Number Variants in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Glidewell Steven C. , Miyamoto Shelley D. , Grossfeld Paul D. , Clouthier David E. , Coldren Christopher D. , Stearman Robert S. , Geraci Mark W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundHypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a heterogeneous, lethal combination of congenital malformations characterized by severe underdevelopment of left heart structures, resulting in a univentricular circulation. The genetic determinants of this disorder are largely unknown. Evidence of copy number variants (CNVs) contributing to the genetic etiology of HLHS and other congenital heart defects has been mounting. However, the functional effects of such CNVs have not been examined, particularly in cases where the variant of interest is found in only a single patient.Methods and ResultsWhole‐genome SNP microarrays were employed to detect CNVs in two patient cohorts (N = 70 total) predominantly diagnosed with some form of nonsyndromic HLHS. We discovered 16 rare or private variants adjacent to or overlapping 20 genes associated with cardiovascular or premature lethality phenotypes in mouse knockout models. We evaluated the impact of selected variants on the expression of nine of these genes through quantitative PCR on cDNA derived from patient heart tissue. Four genes displayed significantly altered expression in patients with an overlapping or proximal CNV verses patients without such CNVs.ConclusionRare and private genomic imbalances perturb transcription of genes that potentially affect cardiogenesis in a subset of nonsyndromic HLHS patients.
Understanding Chinese Consumption: The Impact of Hukou
Authors: Dreger Christian , Wang Tongsan , Zhang Yanqun 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTSince the onset of the economic reforms more than three decades ago, the Chinese growth miracle has been based on exports and investment. While strong output growth was maintained even during the financial crisis, imbalances within the country increased. To return to a more sustainable development path, recent government policies have aimed to improve the role of private consumption. This article argues that China's institutional framework is an impediment to this strategy, as it weakens the incentives of households to consume. As well as a low level of social security and highly regulated financial markets, the authors stress the relevance of the hukou system as the main driver for modest consumption, especially in recent years. After controlling for different income levels, the average propensity to consume is found to be significantly lower for migrants, as their access to public services is limited. If not accompanied by relevant reforms, the urbanization strategy of the government is likely to raise the number of migrants with limited hukou rights, further increasing the downward pressure on consumption. Therefore, in the absence of reforms in the household registration system, the shift towards consumption‐driven growth is at risk.
Diagnostic potential of endoscopic ultrasonography‐elastography for gastric submucosal tumors: A pilot study
Authors: Tsuji Yuichiro , Kusano Chika , Gotoda Takuji , Itokawa Fumihide , Fukuzawa Masakatsu , Sofuni Atsushi , Matsubayashi Jun , Nagao Toshitaka , Itoi Takao , Moriyasu Fuminori 
Published: November 2015

Background and AimQualitative diagnosis for gastric submucosal tumors (SMT) is not easy. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) in combination with EUS‐elastography (EUS‐EG) is reported useful for qualitatively diagnosing pancreatic tissues. We prospectively studied whether EUS‐EG could be useful in qualitative diagnosis of gastric SMT.MethodsWe prospectively registered 25 consecutive patients with gastric SMT diagnosed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and carried out qualitative evaluations using EUS‐EG (May 2013 to March 2015) followed by histopathological diagnosis using EUS‐FNA or endoscopic mucosal cutting biopsy. Elastic scores of gastric SMT were compared to the cytological diagnosis.ResultsOf 25 patients, 22 had a confirmed cytological diagnosis. Regarding the Giovannini elastic score, of three patients with aberrant pancreas, one was score 1 and two were score 2; of eight patients with leiomyoma, seven were score 2 and one was score 3. Both of two patients with schwannoma were score 4. Of nine patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor, six were score 4 and three were score 5. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is harder than other types of gastric SMT, and our study's findings suggested the usefulness of EUS‐EG, which can also assess tumor hardness of gastric SMT.ConclusionEUS‐EG might be helpful for the differential diagnosis of gastric SMT, especially to differentiate GIST from other SMT.
Ovarian steroids alter dopamine receptor populations in the medial preoptic area of female rats: implications for sexual motivation, desire, and behaviour
Authors: Graham M. Dean , Gardner Gregory James , Hussain Dema , Brake Wayne G. , Pfaus James G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDopamine (DA) transmission in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) plays a critical role in the control of appetitive sexual behaviour in the female rat. We have shown previously that a DA D1 receptor (D1R)‐mediated excitatory state appears to occur in females primed with estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone (P), whereas a DA D2 receptor (D2R)‐mediated inhibitory state appears to occur in females primed only with EB. The present experiment employed three techniques to better understand what changes occur to DA receptors (DARs) in the mPOA under different hormonal profiles. Ovariectomized females were randomly assigned to one of three steroid treatment groups: EB + P (10 and 500 μg, respectively), EB + Oil, or the control (Oil + Oil), with hormone injections administered at 48 and 4 h prior to euthanizing. First, the number of neurons in the mPOA that contained D1R or D2R was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Second, the mPOA and two control areas (the prelimbic cortex and caudate putamen) were analysed for DAR protein levels using western blot, and DAR functional binding levels using autoradiography. Ovarian steroid hormones affected the two DAR subtypes in opposite ways in the mPOA. All three techniques supported previous behavioural findings that females primed with EB have a lower D1R : D2R ratio, and thus a D2R‐mediated system, and females primed with EB + P have a higher D1R : D2R ratio, and thus a D1R‐mediated system. This provides strong evidence for a DA‐driven pathway of female sexual motivation, desire, and behaviour that is modified by different hormone priming regimens.
A method for approximate on‐farm estimation of herbage mass by using two assessments per pasture
Authors: Nakagami K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAppropriate pasture management requires implementation of methods that reduce the time and labour required for assessing herbage mass. In this study, Monte Carlo simulations and a field study were used to evaluate a simple method for estimating herbage mass based on the corrected average of the single highest and lowest mass values in a pasture. The necessary correction factor for the method was objectively derived using a single nonlinear equation based on the scaled difference between the highest and lowest herbage mass regardless of the mean and variance of mass and pasture size. The accuracy of estimation using this method is acceptable for on‐farm use: more than 90% of the estimates had error rates below 20% of the true value when the plot size assessed was larger than 64 m2 in the simulation study; in the field experiment, approximately half of the estimates had error rates below 20% of the observed mean of random samples (R2 = 0·71). The advantages of the proposed method are that it requires only two assessments per pasture and that selection of assessment plots is straightforward. This method has potential for obtaining approximate on‐farm estimates of herbage mass that could help improve pasture management.
Salt tolerance variability among stress‐selected Panicum coloratum cv. Klein plants
Authors: Pittaro G. , Cáceres L. , Bruno C. , Tomás A. , Bustos D. , Monteoliva M. , Ortega L. , Taleisnik E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis work assessed intracultivar variability for salt tolerance within Panicum coloratum cv. Klein, explored some physiological parameters potentially associated with it and evaluated the contribution of cell division and expansion to the decreased leaf length observed under salinity. Individual plants that had survived severe stress environments in an established pasture were collected and clonal families were obtained by vegetative propagation. These were evaluated in a greenhouse, in pots with an inert substrate irrigated with nutrient solution containing 0, 200 or 400 mm NaCl. Salt tolerance was assessed from growth variables expressed as a percentage of non‐salinized controls. Changes induced by salinity in carbon fixation, soluble sugars and compatible solutes were also measured. The selected plants showed 33% higher salt tolerance than plants from the same cultivar obtained from seeds, and variability for salt tolerance was detected within the group, suggesting these plants could be valuable germplasm for breeding programmes for saline areas. All selected plants accumulated low leaf blade Na concentrations (< 0·1 mm g−1 dry weight on average), and K concentrations tended to remain high under salinity. A kinematic analysis indicated a reduction in the number of cells in the division‐only zone was the main cause of shorter leaves under stress. Although plants showed some differences in all these traits, they were not related to salt‐tolerance variability within this group of stress‐tolerant plants.
Instructions influence response to theChinese version of the Movement‐Specific Reinvestment Scale in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Wong Thomson WL , Abernethy Bruce , Masters Rich SW 
Published: November 2015

AimTo examine whether differences emerged when theChinese version of the Movement‐Specific Reinvestment Scale (MSRS‐C) was administered to community‐dwelling older adults with instructions to respond in the context of “general” movements, walking, using chopsticks or dressing. Furthermore, the difference between the six‐pointLikert scale and four‐pointLikert scale response formats of theMSRS‐Cwas investigated.MethodsThe study was implemented in the community ofHongKong with 52 older adults (mean age 77.4 years). Telephone interviews were carried out on two occasions for each participant. Participants provided a verbal response to each of 10 questions from theMSRS‐Cwith different response formats (i.e., six‐point or four‐pointLikert Scales) and different instructions in the response context (i.e. general, walking, using chopsticks, dressing). The sequence of response format and context was randomized for each participant.ResultsOlder fallers scored significantly higher on theMSRS‐C(general) with six‐point or four‐point response formats than non‐fallers. TheMSRS‐C(general) andMSRS‐C(walking) were not statistically different, and showed good discriminative power for previous older fall status (older fallers or older non‐fallers). However,MSRS‐C(chopsticks) andMSRS‐C(dressing) failed to differentiate older fallers from older non‐fallers.ConclusionBoth theMSRS‐C(general) andMSRS‐C(walking) with a six‐point or a four‐point response format showed good discrimination of older fallers from non‐fallers. Older adults might respond to theMSRS‐Cwith respect to the most challenging movements (e.g. fall‐related movements) in their daily living.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1305–1311.
Peripheral oxidative stress markers in diabetes‐related dementia
Authors: Hatanaka Hirokuni , Hanyu Haruo , Fukasawa Raita , Sato Tomohiko , Shimizu Soichiro , Sakurai Hirofumi 
Published: November 2015

AimsWe previously found that there was a dementia subgroup with characteristics predominantly associated with diabetes mellitus (DM)‐related metabolic abnormalities, referred to as “diabetes‐related dementia (DrD).” We determined the possible role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of DrD.MethodsIn a 2013 study, we classified 175 patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and DM into four subgroups based on brain imaging. Among them, we measured endogenous plasma anti‐oxidants, such as albumin, unconjugated bilirubin and uric acid, and urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine and 8‐isoprostane in 58 patients of an AD group showing decreased regional cerebral blood flow of the parietotemporal lobe on single‐photon emission computed tomography (AD+DM group), and in 35 patients of a DrD group showing neither decreased regional cerebral blood flow of the parietotemporal lobe nor cerebrovascular disease on magnetic resonance imaging, which is strongly associated with DM‐related factors. A total of 31 patients with AD and without DM (AD−DM group) were enrolled as a control group.ResultsThe DrD group showed a significant decrease in plasma levels of anti‐oxidants, and a significant increase in urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine and 8‐isoprostane levels in contrast to the AD−DM and AD+DM groups. Cognitive performance was negatively correlated with urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine and 8‐isoprostane levels in the DrD group.ConclusionsThese results strongly suggest that a decrease in anti‐oxidant levels and an increase in oxidative damage might be involved in the pathophysiology and cognitive decline associated with DrD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1312–1318.
An Indian Ocean centre of origin revisited: Palaeogene and Neogene influences defining a biogeographic realm
Authors: Obura David O. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThe biogeography and origins of the shallow marine fauna in the western and northern Indian Ocean are poorly known. Focusing on scleractinian corals, this study synthesizes evidence from extant biogeographical patterns, phylogenetics, plate tectonics and palaeoceanography to provide new support for a hypothesis on an Indian Ocean ‘centre of origin’ for shallow marine taxa.LocationThe western and northern Indian Ocean, from approximately 90°E westwards, including the Red Sea and Arabian Sea.MethodsSynthesis of primary observations and published literature.ResultsTen per cent of western and northern Indian Ocean coral species are endemic, with the genera Acropora, Anomastrea, Coscinaraea, Craterastrea, Ctenella, Gyrosmilia, Horastrea, Sclerophyllia, Siderastrea and Stylophora presenting evidence for deep and shallow evolutionary origins unique to the region. Evidence for origins in the Eocene Tethys Sea and Oligocene East Africa‐Arabian Province, the global hotspots of shallow tropical marine biodiversity in their time, is derived from the fossil record, clade age, presence of relict species, intra‐ and inter‐specific genetic diversity, Atlantic affinities and extant distributions. Evidence for Neogene origins in geologically active subregions of the Indian Ocean (Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Mascarene Islands) is derived from intra‐ and inter‐specific genetic diversity and endemism. The passive tectonic remnant margins of Gondwana (East Africa and Madagascar coasts), combined with prevailing ocean currents, are hypothesized to have provided a stable evolutionary refuge and region of species accumulation, perhaps since the Palaeogene.Main conclusionsThe evidence supports multiple ‘centres of origin’ for Indian Ocean corals, first in the Palaeogene Tethys Sea, then in the Neogene Red Sea, Arabian Sea and Mascarene Islands. The tectonically inactive East African and Madagascar coasts provide an evolutionary museum for old and new lineages, forming a second and phylogenetically distinct peak of global tropical scleractinian coral biodiversity in the Northern Mozambique Channel.