bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Heavy Episodic Drinking: Neurocognitive Functioning during Early Abstinence
Authors: Winward Jennifer L. , Hanson Karen L. , Bekman Nicole M. , Tapert Susan F. , Brown Sandra A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe present study investigated the rate and pattern of neuropsychological recovery in heavy episodic drinking teens during the initial days to weeks of abstinence from alcohol. Adolescents (ages, 16–18 years) with histories of heavy episodic drinking (HED; N = 39) and socio-demographically similar control teens (CON; N = 26) were recruited from San Diego area schools. HED and CON were comparable on 5th grade standardized math and language arts test performance to ensure similar functioning before onset of substance use. Participants were administered three neuropsychological test batteries with 2-week intervals during a 4-week monitored abstinence period. HED teens performed worse overall than CON on tests of prospective memory (p = .005), cognitive switching (p = .039), inhibition task accuracy (p = .001), verbal memory (p's < .045), visuospatial construction (p's < .043), and language and achievement (p's < .008). The statistically significant group × time interaction for block design demonstrated normalization within the 4 weeks of abstinence for the HED (p = .009). This study identified cognitive performance deficits associated with heavy episodic drinking in adolescence during early abstinence and with sustained 4-week abstention. These findings suggest alcohol-related influences on several underlying brain systems that may predate the onset of alcohol abuse or dependence or take longer than 4 weeks to recover. (JINS, 2014, 20, 218–229)
Estimates of the changing age-burden of Plasmodium falciparum malaria disease in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Griffin Jamie T. , Ferguson Neil M. , Ghani Azra C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEstimating the changing burden of malaria disease remains difficult owing to limitations in health reporting systems. Here, we use a transmission model incorporating acquisition and loss of immunity to capture age-specific patterns of disease at different transmission intensities. The model is fitted to age-stratified data from 23 sites in Africa, and we then produce maps and estimates of disease burden. We estimate that in 2010 there were 252 (95% credible interval: 171–353) million cases of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa that active case finding would detect. However, only 34% (12–86%) of these cases would be observed through passive case detection. We estimate that the proportion of all cases of clinical malaria that are in under-fives varies from above 60% at high transmission to below 20% at low transmission. The focus of some interventions towards young children may need to be reconsidered, and should be informed by the current local transmission intensity.
Thrombin induces ICAM-1 expression in human lung epithelial cells via c-Src/PDGFR/PI3K/Akt-dependent NF-κB/p300 activation
Authors: Cheng Shin-Ei , Lee I-Ta , Lin Chih-Chung , Hsiao Li-Der , Yang Chuen-Mao 
Published: February 2014

Up-regulation of ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) is frequently implicated in lung inflammation and lung diseases, such as IPF (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). Thrombin has been shown to play a key role in inflammation via the induction of adhesion molecules, which then causes lung injury. However, the mechanisms underlying thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression in HPAEpiCs (human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells) remain unclear. In the present study, we have shown that thrombin induced ICAM-1 expression in HPAEpiCs. Pre-treatment with the inhibitor of thrombin [PPACK (D-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethyl ketone)], c-Src (PP1), PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) (AG1296), PI3K (phosohinositide 3-kinase) (LY294002), NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) (Bay11-7082) or p300 (GR343) and transfection with siRNAs of c-Src, PDGFR, Akt, p65 and p300 markedly reduced thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adherence to HPAEpiCs challenged with thrombin. In addition, we established that thrombin stimulated the phosphorylation of c-Src, PDGFR, Akt and p65, which were inhibited by pre-treatment with their respective inhibitors PP1, AG1296, LY294002 or Bay11-7082. In addition, thrombin also enhanced Akt and NF-κB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus, which was reduced by PP1, AG1296 or LY294002. Thrombin induced NF-κB promoter activity and the formation of the p65–Akt–p300 complex, which were inhibited by AG1296, LY294002 or PP1. Finally, we have shown that thrombin stimulated in vivo binding of p300, Akt and p65 to the ICAM-1 promoter, which was reduced by AG1296, LY294002, SH-5 or PP1. These results show that thrombin induced ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adherence via a c-Src/PDGFR/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB-dependent pathway in HPAEpiCs. Increased understanding of the signalling mechanisms underlying ICAM-1 gene regulation will create opportunities for the development of anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies.
Wideband in‐phase/quadrature imbalance compensation using finite impulse response filter
Authors: Cheng Chi‐Hao , Liou Lee L. , Lin David M. , Tsui James B. , Tai Heng‐Ming 
Published: February 2014

The authors proposed an in‐phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance compensation technique for wideband digital receiver applications. An I/Q channel‐based receiver can double the receiver working bandwidth. However, the amplitude/phase imbalance of an imperfect hybrid coupler can generate image signals thus reducing the receiver's instantaneous dynamic range. They developed a finite impulse response filter‐based technique to mitigate deleterious effects because of the amplitude/phase imbalance. Both simulations and experiments were conducted to verify validity of the developed algorithm. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed imbalance mitigation technique can reduce image signal powers by more than 24 dB or down to noise level. A receiver system level simulation is also conducted to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed imbalance mitigation method.
Fourth class of convex equilateral polyhedron with polyhedral symmetry related to fullerenes and viruses
Authors: Schein Stan , Gayed James Maurice 
Published: February 2014

Significance
The Greeks described two classes of convex equilateral polyhedron with polyhedral symmetry, the Platonic (including the tetrahedron, octahedron, and icosahedron) and the Archimedean (including the truncated icosahedron with its soccer-ball shape). Johannes Kepler discovered a third class, the rhombic polyhedra. Some carbon fullerenes, inorganic cages, icosahedral viruses, protein complexes, and geodesic structures resemble these polyhedra. Here we add a fourth class, “Goldberg polyhedra.” Their small (corner) faces are regular 3gons, 4gons, or 5gons, whereas their planar 6gonal faces are equilateral but not equiangular. Unlike faceted viruses and related carbon fullerenes, the icosahedral Goldberg polyhedra are nearly spherical. The reasoning and techniques presented here will enable discovery of still more classes of convex equilateral polyhedron with polyhedral symmetry.
Integrin α9 on lymphatic endothelial cells regulates lymphocyte egress
Authors: Ito Koyu , Morimoto Junko , Kihara Akio , Matsui Yutaka , Kurotaki Daisuke , Kanayama Masashi , Simmons Szandor , Ishii Masaru , Sheppard Dean , Takaoka Akinori , Uede Toshimitsu 
Published: February 2014

Significance
The lymphatic system plays critical roles in immune surveillance by providing a route for circulating immune cells. α9 integrin is a signature molecule of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), and has been suggested to have a significant role in lymphatic functions. Here we found that in draining lymph nodes (LNs) of mice treated with complete Freund adjuvant, blockade of α9 integrin induced deficiency of lymphocytes in medullary and cortical sinuses, which is the characteristic feature of impaired lymphocyte egress from LNs. In addition, we found that stimulation of embryo-derived LECs with the α9 ligand tenascin-C induced secretion of sphingosine 1-phosphate, which is the critical factor for lymphocyte egress. Thus, we suggest a possible role of α9 integrin-dependent lymphocyte egress from inflamed LNs.
HACE1 reduces oxidative stress and mutant Huntingtin toxicity by promoting the NRF2 response
Authors: Rotblat Barak , Southwell Amber L. , Ehrnhoefer Dagmar E. , Skotte Niels H. , Metzler Martina , Franciosi Sonia , Leprivier Gabriel , Somasekharan Syam Prakash , Barokas Adi , Deng Yu , Tang Tiffany , Mathers Joan , Cetinbas Naniye , Daugaard Mads , Kwok Brian , Li Liheng , Carnie Christopher J. , Fink Dieter , Nitsch Roberto , Galpin Jason D. , Ahern Christopher A. , Melino Gerry , Penninger Josef M. , Hayden Michael R. , Sorensen Poul H. 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Oxidative stress is an important contributor to aging-associated diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration, and antioxidant stress responses are critical to limit manifestations of these diseases. We report that the tumor suppressor Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus domain and Ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase 1 (HACE1) promotes activity of the transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a master regulator of the antioxidative stress response. In Huntington disease patients, HACE1 is lost in the brain region most affected by the disease, namely the striatum, and restoring HACE1 functions in striatal cells expressing mutant Huntingtin protein provides protection against oxidative stress. Therefore, the tumor suppressor HACE1 is a new regulator of NRF2 and an emerging player in neurodegeneration.
Bedrock composition regulates mountain ecosystems and landscape evolution
Authors: Hahm W. Jesse , Riebe Clifford S. , Lukens Claire E. , Araki Sayaka 
Published: February 2014

SignificanceThis investigation focused on the factors that influence forest cover in the Sierra Nevada, California, where Giant Sequoia, the largest trees on Earth, grow in groves immediately next to expanses of rock devoid of soil and vegetation. The differences in forest cover correspond to twofold differences in erosion rates, suggesting that vegetation is an important regulator of landscape evolution across the region. Analyses presented here show that differences in forest cover can be explained by variations in geochemical composition of underlying bedrock. These results are important because they demonstrate that bedrock geochemistry is on par with climate as a regulator of vegetation in the Sierra Nevada and likely in other granitic mountain ranges around the world.
Humanized-BLT mouse model of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection
Authors: Wang Lin-Xu , Kang Guobin , Kumar Pankaj , Lu Wuxun , Li Yue , Zhou You , Li Qingsheng , Wood Charles 
Published: February 2014

Significance
The Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, which is the most common malignancy found in AIDS patients. The lack of a good animal model to study KSHV infection in vivo has hampered studies on the pathogenesis and transmission of KSHV. We report here that a humanized BLT (bone marrow, liver, and thymus) mouse model can support a robust KSHV latent and lytic infection, via transmission routes that occur during natural infection in humans. This humanized BLT mouse model will be useful for studying the pathogenesis and transmission of KSHV in vivo.
Nonagonistic Dectin-1 ligand transforms CpG into a multitask nanoparticulate TLR9 agonist
Authors: Kobiyama Kouji , Aoshi Taiki , Narita Hirotaka , Kuroda Etsushi , Hayashi Masayuki , Tetsutani Kohhei , Koyama Shohei , Mochizuki Shinichi , Sakurai Kazuo , Katakai Yuko , Yasutomi Yasuhiro , Saijo Shinobu , Iwakura Yoichiro , Akira Shizuo , Coban Cevayir , Ishii Ken J. 
Published: February 2014

SignificanceCpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), a Toll-like receptor 9 ligand, is a promising immunotherapeutic agent; however, developing an IFN-inducing CpG ODN forming a stable nanoparticle without aggregation has been unsuccessful. Here we generated a nanoparticulate CpG ODN (K3) wrapped by the nonagonistic Dectin-1 ligand schizophyllan (SPG), K3-SPG. K3-SPG stimulates human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce large amounts of both type I and II IFN. K3-SPG thus became a potent adjuvant, especially for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) induction to coadministered protein antigens without conjugation, which is attributable to its nanoparticulate nature rather than to targeting Dectin-1. Protective potency of K3-SPG as an influenza vaccine adjuvant was demonstrated in both murine and nonhuman primate models. K3-SPG may be used as an IFN inducer as well as a CTL inducer for immunotherapeutic applications.
H-Ras forms dimers on membrane surfaces via a protein–protein interface
Authors: Lin Wan-Chen , Iversen Lars , Tu Hsiung-Lin , Rhodes Christopher , Christensen Sune M. , Iwig Jeffrey S. , Hansen Scott D. , Huang William Y. C. , Groves Jay T. 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Ras is a key signaling molecule in living cells, and mutations in Ras are involved in 30% of human cancers. It is becoming progressively more clear that the spatial arrangement of proteins within a cell, not just their chemical structure, is an important aspect of their function. In this work, we use a series of quantitative physical techniques to map out the tendency of two Ras molecules to bind together to form a dimer on membrane surfaces. Insights from this work, as well as the technical assays developed, may help to discover new therapeutic drugs capable of modulating the errant behavior of Ras in cancer.
Structural bases for the interaction and stabilization of the human amino acid transporter LAT2 with its ancillary protein 4F2hc
Authors: Rosell Albert , Meury Marcel , Álvarez-Marimon Elena , Costa Meritxell , Pérez-Cano Laura , Zorzano Antonio , Fernández-Recio Juan , Palacín Manuel , Fotiadis Dimitrios 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Here we report the structural bases of the interaction between the catalytic light subunit and the heavy subunit of the heteromeric amino acid transporters. Our data show that the large ectodomain of the human heavy subunit 4F2hc plays a key role in the interaction and stability of the light subunit L-type amino acid transporter 2. This finding paves the way for structural and functional studies to elucidate the role of the heavy subunit in the regulation of these transporters; such studies will be highly relevant in human pathology.
Molecular evidence of stress-induced acute heart injury in a mouse model simulating posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Cho Ji-Hoon , Lee Inyoul , Hammamieh Rasha , Wang Kai , Baxter David , Scherler Kelsey , Etheridge Alton , Kulchenko Alena , Gautam Aarti , Muhie Seid , Chakraborty Nabarun , Galas David J. , Jett Marti , Hood Leroy 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Exposure to extremely stressful conditions is common, and the effect of such exposure on neuropsychiatric function is well-documented with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Epidemiological studies reveal a higher risk for cardiovascular conditions among individuals exposed to traumatic events. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for ailments associated with stress exposure is yet to be fully understood. Our study with animal models revealed genetically associated stress-induced tissue injuries on peripheral organs, including the heart. Longitudinal transcriptomics studies uncovered detailed molecular events involved in stress-related heart damage followed immediately by tissue-repairing processes; whether this injury and repairing process causes long-term effects is uncertain. Our findings on heart injury in a PTSD mouse model clearly indicate physiological changes arising from stress.
Chemical synthesis of the ATAD2 bromodomain
Authors: Creech Gardner S. , Paresi Chelsea , Li Yue-Ming , Danishefsky Samuel J. 
Published: February 2014

Significance
The bromodomain–histone binding motif has been shown to read epigenetic marks on chromatin, and proteins with a bromodomain can have powerful effects on gene expression and transcriptional regulation. ATAD2 is one such protein and has been linked to a wide variety of cancers with expression of ATAD2 correlating strongly with a poor tumor prognosis. We have developed an efficient chemical synthesis of the ATAD2 bromodomain region using modern ligation methods to assemble peptide fragments. Lessons learned in this synthetic exploration include a number of potentially general solutions that expand the disconnection vocabulary, as well as lessons that maximize the convergency and throughput in the chemical synthesis of proteins.
Single-particle EM reveals the higher-order domain architecture of soluble guanylate cyclase
Authors: Campbell Melody G. , Underbakke Eric S. , Potter Clinton S. , Carragher Bridget , Marletta Michael A. 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the primary nitric oxide (NO) receptor in mammals and a central component of the NO-signaling pathway. Disruptions in NO signaling have been linked to hypertension, neurodegeneration, and heart disease. The mechanistic details underlying the modulation of sGC activity remain largely unknown. Determining the structure of full-length sGC is a prerequisite to understanding its function and for the design and improvement of therapeutics for treatment of related diseases. We use electron microscopy to determine the quaternary structure of the protein. Furthermore, we found that both ligand-free and ligand-bound sGC are highly flexible. This structural information provides a significant step forward in understanding the mechanism of sGC activation and will ultimately empower the development of next-generation therapeutics.
Drawing the Poverty Line: Do Regional Thresholds and Prices Make a Difference?
Authors: Ayala Luis , Jurado Antonio , Pérez‐Mayo Jesús 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe effectiveness of anti‐poverty programs depends on whether they raise the incomes of poor households. This involves an adequate measurement of poverty and appropriate approaches for defining poverty lines. This paper analyzes the extent to which poverty measures are sensitive to alternative ways of adjusting national lines by spatial price differences. First, we analyze how moving from national to regional poverty lines has an impact on the incidence and intensity of poverty. Second, we show how poverty patterns vary with alternative definitions of poverty thresholds. Using data from all Spanish regions, our results show that regional levels of poverty change with each threshold, and the orderings of regions do not remain robust to the choice of poverty lines. We also show that re‐rankings are more relevant for explaining differences in the regional distribution of poverty than gap‐narrowing effects when a region‐specific poverty line is used. A second finding resulting from probability models and decomposition methods is that poverty profiles vary as different lines are used. In general terms, our findings provide general support to the notion that poverty policies that do not address the problem of spatial price differences might yield relevant assignment errors.
A novel length-based empirical estimation method of spawning potential ratio (SPR), and tests of its performance, for small-scale, data-poor fisheries
Authors: Hordyk Adrian , Ono Kotaro , Valencia Sarah , Loneragan Neil , Prince Jeremy 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe spawning potential ratio (SPR) is a well-established biological reference point, and estimates of SPR could be used to inform management decisions for data-poor fisheries. Simulations were used to investigate the utility of the length-based model (LB-SPR) developed in Hordyk et al. (2015). Some explorations of the life history ratios to describe length composition, spawning-per-recruit, and the spawning potential ratio. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72: 204–216.) to estimate the SPR of a stock directly from the size composition of the catch. This was done by (i) testing some of the main assumptions of the LB-SPR model, including recruitment variability and dome-shaped selectivity, (ii) examining the sensitivity of the model to error in the input parameters, and (iii) completing an initial empirical test for the LB-SPR model by applying it to data from a well-studied species. The method uses maximum likelihood methods to find the values of relative fishing mortality (F/M) and selectivity-at-length that minimize the difference between the observed and the expected length composition of the catch, and calculates the resulting SPR. When parameterized with the correct input parameters, the LB-SPR model returned accurate estimates of F/M and SPR. With high variability in annual recruitment, the estimates of SPR became increasingly unreliable. The usefulness of the LB-SPR method was tested empirically by comparing the results predicted by the method with those for a well-described species with known length and age composition data. The results from this comparison suggest that the LB-SPR method has potential to provide a tool for the cost-effective assessment of data-poor fisheries. However, the model is sensitive to non-equilibrium dynamics, and requires accurate estimates of the three parameters (M/k, L∞, and CVL∞). Care must be taken to evaluate the validity of the assumptions and the biological parameters when the model is applied to data-poor fisheries.
Electrophysiological Approaches to the Movement Disorder Patient
Authors: Cordivari Carla 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Neurophysiological techniques are an objective way of investigating movement disorders and can support the clinical diagnosis as well as monitoring their severity and the effects of treatment. Over the past 25 years there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of movement disorders, and this has been paralleled by the broadening range of investigative techniques available to clinicians. Many of these techniques, particularly transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), have been extremely useful in supporting clinical findings. However, the inter-individual variability in the responses, particularly for TMS, has resulted in difficulties in translating this method into a definite clinically applicable diagnostic use. As a result, many neurophysiological methods are still only used for research purposes.
In this chapter we will discuss the most common neurophysiological tests. These should be always interpreted in conjunction with clinical features. These techniques may disclose information that cannot be obtained by clinical observation alone.
Overview of Parkinsonism and Approach to Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Spielberger Sabine , Poewe Werner 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Parkinsonism is one of the most common movement disorders and may be the clinical manifestation of a variety of neurodegenerative, structural, toxic, metabolic, infectious, and vascular disorders. Since therapy and prognosis differ considerably between different forms of parkinsonism, an early correct diagnosis is of great clinical significance but may be challenging on clinical grounds alone.
Ancillary tests for enhancement of diagnostic accuracy include drug-challenge testing to assess dopaminergic responsiveness, neuroimaging to evaluate nigrostriatal pre-synaptic dopaminergic function or evidence for structural abnormalities, and genetic testing to identify common genetic subtypes of Parkinson’s disease. Therapeutic management of parkinsonism mainly depends on the underlying pathology. Levodopa is the single most effective way to treat the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, but it may also be at least partially effective in other types of parkinsonism, so that a trial with levodopa will be part of the treatment approach in most patients presenting with parkinsonism.