bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Success of Initial and Repeated Medial Branch Neurotomy for Zygapophysial Joint Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Smuck Matthew , Crisostomo Ralph A. , Trivedi Kavita , Agrawal Divya 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesTo review the duration of pain relief after initial and repeated radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN) for cervical and lumbar zygapophysial joint pain.MethodsWe searched PubMed to identify all articles that met review criteria for in‐depth analysis, synthesis, and review.ResultsData from 16 articles are reported in this review, including 8 cervical studies, 7 lumbar studies, and 1 study of both cervical and lumbar treatment. Overall, methodology and design quality of cervical studies exceeded that of lumbar studies. For initial cervical RFN, average range duration of >50% pain relief was 7.3‐8.6 months. Repeated cervical RFN was successful 67%‐95% of the time when the first RFN procedure was successful. When the first RFN procedure was unsuccessful, repeated RFN was successful 0%‐67% of the time. The average range duration of pain relief after successful repeated RFN was 6.0‐12.7 months. For initial lumbar RFN, the average duration of >50% pain relief was 9.0 months. Repeated lumbar RFN was successful 33%‐85% of the time when the first RFN procedure was successful. The average duration of pain relief after successful repeated lumbar RFN was 11.6 months.ConclusionsThe results of this review indicate that pain relief after initial RFN generally ends after 7‐9 months and that repeating RFN is likely to provide additional pain relief if initial RFN was successful. Results are similar between cervical and lumbar spine studies.
Dynamics ofm= 0 andm= 1 modes and of streamwise vortices in a turbulent axisymmetric mixing layer
Authors: Davoust S. , Jacquin L. , Leclaire B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe near field of a Reynolds number$R{e}_{0} = 2. 14\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{5} $and low-Mach-number cylindrical jet has been investigated by means of a high-speed stereo PIV setup that provides the spatio-temporal velocity field in a transverse plane, two diameters downstream of the jet exit. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and spatio-temporal correlations are used to identify some of the main dynamical features of this flow. We show that the flow is dominated by streamwise vortices whose production and spatial organization can be related to$m= 0$and$m= 1$perturbations, and to the mean shear of the mixing layer. A dynamical scenario is proposed which describes this interaction, in accordance with our observations.
Linear stability analysis of cylindrical Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Wang Bo-Fu , Ma Dong-Jun , Chen Cheng , Sun De-Jun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe instabilities and transitions of flow in a vertical cylindrical cavity with heated bottom, cooled top and insulated sidewall are investigated by linear stability analysis. The stability boundaries for the axisymmetric flow are derived for Prandtl numbers from 0.02 to 1, for aspect ratio $A$ ($A= H/ R= \mathrm{height} / \mathrm{radius} $) equal to 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, respectively. We found that there still exists stable non-trivial axisymmetric flow beyond the second bifurcation in certain ranges of Prandtl number for $A= 1$, $0. 9$ and 0.8, excluding the $A= 0. 7$ case. The finding for $A= 0. 7$ is that very frequent changes of critical mode (azimuthal Fourier mode) of the second bifurcation occur when the Prandtl number is changed, where five kinds of steady modes $m= 1, 2, 8, 9, 10$ and three kinds of oscillatory modes $m= 3, 4, 6$ are presented. These multiple modes indicate different flow structures triggered at the transitions. The instability mechanism of the flow is explained by kinetic energy transfer analysis, which shows that the radial or axial shear of base flow combined with buoyancy mechanism leads to the instability results.
Eating patterns are associated with biomarkers in a selected population of university students and employees
Authors: Hernes Sigrunn , Cabo Rona N. , Mansoor Mohammad Azam , Haugen Margaretha 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe association between diet and CVD cannot be assigned to a single nutrient, but rather to a set of nutrients and non-nutrients, and eating pattern analyses have become an important tool in investigation of this relationship. Our objective was to investigate eating patterns in relation to nutrient intake and serum concentration of folate, vitamin B12 and TAG in ninety-five healthy adult participants. Dietary information was collected by an FFQ, and eating patterns were obtained by principal components analyses of thirty-three food groups. Three eating patterns were extracted, a sweet eating pattern identified by intakes of cakes, snacks, sugar-sweetened drinks and chocolates; a prudent eating pattern identified by vegetables, fruits and olive oil; and a traditional food pattern identified by red meat, lean fish and cheese. Blood samples were collected in the morning after an overnight fast. Linear regression analyses adjusted for age, BMI and smoking showed a negative association between the sweet eating pattern scores and the serum concentration of folate (β = −2·31 (95 % CI −4·14, −0·45)) and a positive association with serum concentration of TAG (β = 0·35 (95 % CI 0·12, 0·57)). The prudent eating pattern scores were positively associated with the serum concentration of folate (β = 1·69 (95 % CI 0·44, 2·92)). In conclusion, a sweet eating pattern was associated with risk factors for CVD, whereas a prudent eating pattern was associated with protective factors.
Using population genetic methods to identify the origin of an invasive population and to diagnose cryptic subspecies ofTelchin licus(Lepidoptera: Castniidae)
Authors: Silva-Brandão K.L. , Almeida L.C. , Moraes S.S. , Cônsoli F.L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTelchin licus, the giant sugarcane borer, is an important pest species of sugarcane in northeast Brazil. Four subspecies ofTelchin licusare recognized in Brazil based on their geographic distribution and subtle differences in wing colour pattern. Some taxa are morphologically indistinguishable, and their accurate identification is key to their efficient control. Mitochondrial genes sequences (cytochrome oxidaseI and subunit 6 of thenicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase) were applied to delimit taxonomic entities ofT. licus, and to infer the origin of a newly established population in the state of São Paulo. The molecular data indicated that specimens sampled at different regions in Brazil are morphologically cryptic but genetically isolated entities, and at least three subspecies were assigned to the sampled localities. These data also suggested that the population collected from the state of São Paulo must have a common origin with populations from northeast Brazil, which corroborate the hypothesis that ornamental plants infested with larvae ofT. licusmight have been transported from the northeast to the southeast regions.
A Chain of Murder in the Slave Trade: A Wider Context of theZongMassacre
Authors: Krikler Jeremy 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThis article seeks to explore from a new angle the massacre associated with the slave shipZong– that is, the murder of around 130 slaves at sea in 1781. Hitherto, the massacre has been looked at largely in terms of the law, particularly insurance law, and the commercial logic of the British slave trade. This article gives due weight to the overriding concerns of commerce in theZongatrocity, but it also explains it in terms of the culture and context of the selection of captives for the slave trade, a process in which ships' surgeons were prominent. It argues that this process habituated surgeons and captains – the Master of theZongwas both – to the possibility of death (at the hands of African controllers) of the captives they deemed unfit for the Atlantic slave trade. The article proposes that in the slave trade, medical expertise became yoked to the fateful decision of whether or not to accord commodity value to the captive. Where the surgeons decided to deny commodity value to a captive in the trade, he or she suffered “commercial death”, which was all too often followed by death itself.
Monopolizing the Property of Skill: A Prosopographic Analysis of a Finnish Ironworks Community
Authors: Marttila Juuso 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThis article examines the survival of artisan labour structures and their property of skill in a case where neither a guild nor a union was present. Both of these institutions have traditionally been given as explanations for the survival of artisan labour structures and their property of skill. By using a prosopographic analysis of a Finnish ironworks community, this article follows a locally monopolized property of skill from 1880 to 1950. This monopoly was based on an informal apprenticeship system and the control of human capital, and was tied tightly to a closed network of smiths and their families. It was able to function in full force without the backing of any formal institutions as long as favourable local circumstances and the means and motivation to maintain it existed. Family relationships and social networks of smiths, together with the acceptance of patronage, functioned as an alternative to trade unions and guilds as primary strategic resources resorted to by smith households.
“These Indians Are Apparently Well to Do”: The Myth of Capitalism and Native American Labor
Authors: Parham Vera 
Published: September 2012

SummaryIn many histories of Native Americans it seems that the original inhabitants of the Americas have become obscured in the national mythology of colonization. People who do not fit into the liberal capitalist notion of individualism and economic development simply vanish from the annals of history. Even histories focused specifically on Native Americans cover relatively little of Indian responses to capitalist development. Yet, in the Pacific north-west, the story is not written so simply; Native Americans responded creatively and eagerly to new economic systems through participation in wage labor and the development of business ventures. This response allowed indigenous people in the region to prosper while protecting culture and tradition.
Bacteriology during the expeditions of the heroic age of Antarctic exploration
Authors: Guly H.R. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTDuring the heroic age of Antarctic exploration, nine expeditions are recorded as performing bacteriological research, but for only six were the results published and for one of these, the publication only relates to a single sample. Most of those doing the research were medically qualified though the majority of the research related to the bacteriology of snow, air, seawater and the contents of the alimentary tracts of Antarctic animals rather than clinical bacteriology. This paper discusses the research aims, the difficulties encountered and the broad results.
A randomized, prospective pilot study of patient expectancy and antidepressant outcome
Authors: Rutherford B. R. , Marcus S. M. , Wang P. , Sneed J. R. , Pelton G. , Devanand D. , Duan N. , Roose S. P. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundThis study is a randomized, prospective, investigation of the relationships between clinical trial design, patient expectancy and the outcome of treatment with antidepressant medication.MethodAdult out-patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were randomized to either placebo-controlled (PC, 50% probability of receiving active medication) or comparator (COMP, 100% probability of receiving active medication) administration of antidepressant medication. Independent-samples t tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to determine whether the probability of receiving active medication influenced patient expectancy and to compare medication response in the PC v. COMP conditions. We also tested the correlations between baseline expectancy score and final improvement in depressive symptoms across study groups.ResultsSubjects randomized to the COMP condition reported greater expectancy of improvement compared to subjects in the PC condition (t = 2.60, df = 27, p = 0.015). There were no statistically significant differences in the analyses comparing antidepressant outcomes between subjects receiving medication in the COMP condition and those receiving medication in the PC condition. Higher baseline expectancy of improvement was correlated with lower final depression severity scores (r = 0.53, p = 0.021) and greater improvement in depressive symptoms over the course of the study (r = 0.44, p = 0.058).ConclusionsThe methods described represent a promising way of subjecting patient expectancy to scientific study. Expectancy of improvement is affected by the probability of receiving active antidepressant medication and seems to influence antidepressant response.
Biophysical and computational fragment-based approaches to targeting protein–protein interactions: applications in structure-guided drug discovery
Authors: Winter Anja , Higueruelo Alicia P. , Marsh May , Sigurdardottir Anna , Pitt Will R , Blundell Tom L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDrug discovery has classically targeted the active sites of enzymes or ligand-binding sites of receptors and ion channels. In an attempt to improve selectivity of drug candidates, modulation of protein–protein interfaces (PPIs) of multiprotein complexes that mediate conformation or colocation of components of cell-regulatory pathways has become a focus of interest. However, PPIs in multiprotein systems continue to pose significant challenges, as they are generally large, flat and poor in distinguishing features, making the design of small molecule antagonists a difficult task. Nevertheless, encouragement has come from the recognition that a few amino acids – so-called hotspots – may contribute the majority of interaction-free energy. The challenges posed by protein–protein interactions have led to a wellspring of creative approaches, including proteomimetics, stapled α-helical peptides and a plethora of antibody inspired molecular designs. Here, we review a more generic approach: fragment-based drug discovery. Fragments allow novel areas of chemical space to be explored more efficiently, but the initial hits have low affinity. This means that they will not normally disrupt PPIs, unless they are tethered, an approach that has been pioneered by Wells and co-workers. An alternative fragment-based approach is to stabilise the uncomplexed components of the multiprotein system in solution and employ conventional fragment-based screening. Here, we describe the current knowledge of the structures and properties of protein–protein interactions and the small molecules that can modulate them. We then describe the use of sensitive biophysical methods – nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray crystallography, surface plasmon resonance, differential scanning fluorimetry or isothermal calorimetry – to screen and validate fragment binding. Fragment hits can subsequently be evolved into larger molecules with higher affinity and potency. These may provide new leads for drug candidates that target protein–protein interactions and have therapeutic value.
Post-discharge mortality in patients hospitalized with MRSA infection and/or colonization
Authors: SHARMA A. , ROGERS C. , RIMLAND D. , STAFFORD C. , SATOLA S. , CRISPELL E. , GAYNES R. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection is known to increase in-hospital mortality, but little is known about its association with long-term health. Two hundred and thirty-seven deaths occurred among 707 patients with MRSA infection at the time of hospitalization and/or nasal colonization followed for almost 4 years after discharge from the Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA. The crude mortality rate in patients with an infection and colonization (23·57/100 person-years) was significantly higher than the rate in patients with only colonization (15·67/100 person-years,P = 0·037). MRSA infection, hospitalization within past 6 months, and histories of cancer or haemodialysis were independent risk factors. Adjusted mortality rates in patients with infection were almost twice as high compared to patients who were only colonized: patients infected and colonized [hazard ratio (HR) 1·93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·31–2·84]; patients infected but not colonized (HR 1·96, 95% CI 1·22–3·17). Surviving MRSA infection adversely affects long-term mortality, underscoring the importance of infection control in healthcare settings.
Housing tenure and older people
Authors: Connolly Sheelah 
Published: September 2012

SummaryHousing tenure takes a variety of forms, the most common of which are rental and owner-occupation. Currently, in the United Kingdom (UK), approximately 70% of older people live in owner-occupier properties, with the majority of the remainder renting from a public or private landlord. Research has consistently shown higher levels of morbidity and mortality among renters compared with owner-occupiers. However, it is unclear whether this is due to tenure acting as a proxy for other indicators of socio-economic status, such as income, which directly influences health, or whether other characteristics associated with tenure, including housing quality and location, explain the association. Untangling these competing influences of tenure on health is important, as it may provide clues on tackling health inequalities at older ages. Tenure too, appears to be related to the risk of long-stay care admission, with owner-occupiers significantly less likely to leave their home than renters; more work is required to identify why this is the case, as it may provide some insights on facilitating ageing in place.
Antiphons for the Adoration of the Cross Replica
Authors: BROCKETT CLYDE W. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis article traces the history of chants associated with the Adoration of a replica of the cross. It describes the development of an antiphon series for Good Friday afternoon found in Ordines Romani XXVII–XXXIII and selected northern French, German, Aquitanian, Spanish and Italian sources dating from the eighth into the twelfth century. Using illustrative tables, rubrics and facsimiles, the study compares liturgical features of the Adoratio crucis with its related Offices of the cross, the Exaltatio and Inventio, in a survey of the principal titles' texts and melodies.
Les doubles hoqués et les motés: Guillaume de Machaut's Hoquetus David
Authors: HARTT JARED C. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTGuillaume de Machaut's Hoquetus David represents the only extant hocket of the Ars Nova. Although the Hoquetus is among Machaut's most commercially recorded compositions, it has received relatively little scholarly attention: while Daniel Leech-Wilkinson has focused on its rhythmic characteristics and Anne Walters Robertson on its possible raison d'être, many of the Hoquetus's unusual musical features remain unexplored. In Part I of this article, I compare the Hoquetus with Machaut's motets, as well as with thirteenth-century double hockets, in order to shed light on several of the work's anomalies. In Part II, I turn to matters of syntax, concentrating on Machaut's use of the dissonant seventh. I discuss and illustrate Machaut's surprisingly frequent use of the seventh to fifth progression in several passages from the Hoquetus, his motets and the Messe de nostre dame, and in turn demonstrate that the progression indeed constitutes a salient element of his compositional praxis. In Part III, I briefly address the question of method of performance. By inspecting the vocal ranges and melodic activity of the Hoquetus itself, I demonstrate that the Hoquetus David is indeed conducive for vocal performance, and in turn speculate how it might be performed despite its lack of text.
Sowing the seeds of social relations: social capital and agricultural diversity in Hararghe Ethiopia
Authors: Cavatassi Romina , Lipper Leslie , Winters Paul 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe paper presents an analysis of the role of two forms of social capital – linking and bonding – on two key farm outcomes: on-farm crop diversity and household wellbeing. Where market transactions are limited, social capital is an important household asset for accessing seed and channelling information. The study is set in a drought-prone region of Ethiopia, with high rates of food insecurity and dependency on agriculture for livelihoods. The region is very rich in crop genetic diversity, particularly for sorghum. The data were collected for a production year that experienced a major drought shock. Results of the analysis indicate that social capital is an important determinant of farm level diversity and wellbeing, with opposing effects related to the two different forms of social capital. This suggests possible trade-offs between the two forms of social capital in terms of food security, production and diversity, which need to be considered in planning interventions.
Socio-economic inequalities in malnutrition among children and adolescents in Colombia: the role of individual-, household- and community-level characteristics
Authors: Garcia Sandra , Sarmiento Olga L , Forde Ian , Velasco Tatiana 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine socio-economic inequalities in malnutrition among Colombian children and adolescents, and to assess the contribution of individual-, household- and community-level factors to those inequalities.DesignCross-sectional data were used from two sources: 2005 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey and 2005 Colombian census. Malnutrition outcomes included stunting and overweight. Multilevel Poisson models were used to estimate the association between individual, household and contextual characteristics and malnutrition. Changes in prevalence ratios of the poorest quintile (v. richest) were compared to assess the contribution of different characteristics to inequalities in malnutrition.SettingPopulation-based, representative of Colombia.SubjectsChildren and adolescents <18 years of age (n 30 779) from the Colombian Demographic and Health Survey.ResultsChildren and adolescents living in the poorest households were close to five times more likely to be stunted, while those from the richest households were 1·3–2·8 times more likely than their poorest counterparts to be overweight. Care practices and household characteristics, particularly mother's education, explained over one-third of socio-economic inequalities in stunting. The proportion explained by access to services was not negligible (between 6 % and 14 %). Access to sanitation was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of stunting for all age groups. Between 14 % and 32 % of socio-economic disparities in overweight were explained by maternal and household characteristics. Mother's overweight was positively associated with overweight of the child.ConclusionSocio-economic inequalities in stunting and overweight coexist among children and adolescents in Colombia. Malnutrition inequalities are largely explained by household characteristics, suggesting the need for targeted interventions.