bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed, Closing, and Close to Closure: The Nineteenth-Century “Closing Theme” Problem as Exemplified in Mendelssohn’s Sonata Practice
Authors: Taylor Benedict 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
There is little theoretical consensus on what constitutes a closing theme in a sonata-form exposition. William Caplin’s formal-functional theory essentially rejects the notion, while conversely it is upheld in James Hepokoski and Warren Darcy’s sonata theory. For them, a “C-theme” is defined contextually, as occurring after a decisive cadence. Yet there appear to be exceptions to this rule, more prevalent in the nineteenth century, which concern “apparent C-zones in the absence of an EEC,” or “Sc themes,” in which rhetorical factors override the lack of preceding cadential closure. This concession opens up a theoretical minefield that has until now been barely explored; nevertheless, it speaks to a genuine feature of nineteenth-century sonata practice.
This article examines the use of apparently rhetorical C themes in a precedential situation in the first half of the nineteenth century, taking the sonata expositions of Felix Mendelssohn as a case study. Mendelssohn’s music highlights this issue particularly well owing to his customary avoidance of cadential closure and regular recourse to primary-theme material toward the end of an exposition. Combining form-functional and sonata-theoretical perspectives, I identify in his music a characteristic structure whereby the functions formerly reserved for a single theme are expanded to encompass what would have formed multiple themes in the late eighteenth century. Moreover, the P-based closing idea generally functions as a large-scale cadential phrase in an enormous sentence initiated by the secondary theme, thus highlighting a latent terminological ambiguity over whether the word “closing” indicates “already closed” or “in the process of closing.” I argue for the need to refine existing terminology in order to distinguish between these two meanings when applied to the nineteenth-century repertory.
Induction of bacterial expression at the mRNA level by light
Authors: Ranzani Américo T , Buchholz Konrad , Blackholm Marius , Kopkin Hayat , Möglich Andreas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Vital organismal processes, including development, differentiation and adaptation, involve altered gene expression. Although expression is frequently controlled at the transcriptional stage, various regulation mechanisms operate at downstream levels. Here, we leverage the photoreceptor NmPAL to optogenetically induce RNA refolding and the translation of bacterial mRNAs. Blue-light-triggered NmPAL binding disrupts a cis-repressed mRNA state, thereby relieves obstruction of translation initiation, and upregulates gene expression. Iterative probing and optimization of the circuit, dubbed riboptoregulator, enhanced induction to 30-fold. Given action at the mRNA level, the riboptoregulator can differentially regulate individual structural genes within polycistronic operons. Moreover, it is orthogonal to and can be wed with other gene-regulatory circuits for nuanced and more stringent gene-expression control. We thus advance the pAurora2 circuit that combines transcriptional and translational mechanisms to optogenetically increase bacterial gene expression by &gt;1000-fold. The riboptoregulator strategy stands to upgrade numerous regulatory circuits and widely applies to expression control in microbial biotechnology, synthetic biology and materials science.
Protocol and rationale for a randomized controlled SGLT2 inhibitor trial in paediatric and young adult populations with chronic kidney disease: DOUBLE PRO-TECT Alport
Authors: Gross Oliver , Boeckhaus Jan , Weber Lutz T , Heerspink Hiddo J L , Simon James F , Ahmed Rees , Gerst Christoph , Duerr Ulrike , Walker Florian , Tostmann Ralf , Helm Jürgen , Asendorf Thomas , Friede Tim ,   for the study group of the German Society of Pediatric Nephrology, Boeckhaus Jan , Weber Lutz T , Heerspink Hiddo J L , Simon James F , Ahmed Rees , Gerst Christoph , Duerr Ulrike , Walker Florian , Tostmann Ralf , Helm Jürgen , Asendorf Thomas , Friede Tim 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Clinical trials have demonstrated positive cardiovascular and kidney outcomes of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in adult patients with diabetic and other chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Whether benefits extend to children, teenagers and young adults with early-stage CKD is unknown. For this reason, the DOUBLE PRO-TECT Alport trial (NCT05944016) will study the progression of albuminuria in young patients with Alport syndrome (AS), the most common hereditary CKD, to assess the safety and efficacy of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin. Patients living with AS and chronically elevated albuminuria have a high risk of kidney failure before the age of 50 years.

Methods
DOUBLE PRO-TECT Alport is a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants (ages 10–39 years) must have a diagnosis of AS by genetic testing or kidney biopsy, be on a stable (&gt;3 months) maximum tolerated dose of a renin–angiotensin system inhibitor and have a urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) of &gt;300 mg/g (paediatric) or &gt;500 mg/g (adult).
Eligible participants will be randomly assigned at a 2:1 ratio to 48 weeks of treatment with dapaglifozin 10 mg/day or matched placebo. Most participants are expected to be children with a normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In addition to safety, the primary (change in UACR from baseline to week 48) and key secondary (eGFR change from baseline to week 52) efficacy outcomes will be analysed with a mixed model repeated measures approach. Efficacy analyses will be performed primarily in the full analysis set according to the intention-to-treat principle. A sensitivity analysis will be performed using reference-based multiple imputation.

Conclusion
DOUBLE PRO-TECT Alport will assess whether SGLT2 inhibitors can safely reduce the UACR change from baseline as a marker for progression of CKD in young patients living with AS.
Intensive pediatric chemotherapy regimen (PNET HR+5) in adult high-risk medulloblastoma and pineoblastoma patients
Authors: Larrouquere Louis , Dufour Christelle , Faure-Conter Cécile , Alapetite Claire , Meyronet David , Bolle Stéphanie , Bonneville-Levard Alice , Sunyach Marie-Pierre , Laurence Valérie , Frappaz Didier 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
High-risk medulloblastoma (HRMB) is rare in adults. The 5-year overall survival rate is less than 60%. We present here a retrospective analysis of adults treated with an intensive pediatric chemo-radiotherapy regimen PNET HR + 5: NCT00936156.

Methods
Eighteen patients over the age of 20 (range, 20–33 years) with HRMB (n = 13), pinealoblastoma (n = 4), and central nervous system embryonal tumor (n = 1) were treated with 2 courses of carboplatin-etoposide followed by 2 courses of high-dose thiotepa (HDT) with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell rescue. A craniospinal irradiation (CSI; 36 Gy craniospinal axis then a boost of 18 Gy to the primary tumor site) was then initiated within 150 days of surgery, completed with 6 cycles of temozolomide; the axis irradiation was not mandatory for non-metastatic pinealoblastoma.

Results
We observed no progression under chemotherapy and no toxic death. Four patients received only 1 HDT. Two non-metastatic pinaloblastomas received only focal irradiation. One medulloblastoma received only 25 Gy on the axis. 56% (10/18) received 6 cycles of temozolomide. No long-term toxicity was recorded. The median time between surgery and CSI was 175 days (range, 115–250). With a median follow-up of 6.0 years (range, 2.6–9), the progression-free survival and overall survival rates for medulloblastoma were respectively 65% (95% CI: 31%–86%) and 76% (95% CI: 42%–91%) at 5 years.

Conclusions
The PNET HR + 5 regimen showed promising results in an adult population, with a meaningful improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with HRMB.
Ships of State and Empty Vessels: Critical Reflections on ‘Territorial Status in International Law’
Authors: Green Alex 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In his recent monograph, Territorial Status in International Law, Jure Vidmar offers ‘a new theory of statehood’ that consolidates his existing work and departs in important ways from legal orthodoxy. As a work of doctrinal law, the text is rigorous; however, its theoretical contribution is somewhat unclear. Vidmar’s central theoretical claim—that the status of individual states is established by discrete norms of customary international law—adds very little to his doctrinal argument. By examining his position, this review article examines what it might mean to provide helpful ‘theories of statehood’. It begins by framing the theoretical challenge posed by such work before setting out some desiderata for theoretical success in this area. Finally, it sketches out a general approach, grounded in Hannah Arendt’s conception of power, which offers a promising means for moving beyond doctrinal description within ‘reconstructive’ international legal theory.
Weaponizing women and gender: Party appeals to women voters ahead of the 2024 UK general election
Authors: Sanders Anna , Gains Francesca 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Whilst there are significant electoral advantages for political parties to target women’s votes, scholarship on recent electoral appeals questions the quality of gendered policy promises to address deep structural gender inequalities existing within the British state. This article examines British Election Study data to identify women voters’ concerns and explores how the two largest Westminster parties developed appeals to women voters in the build up to the 2024 UK general election through an analysis of leadership speeches to the 2023 party conferences. We find a disconnect between women’s electoral demands to address class-based gender inequalities and party attempts to ‘weaponize’ the woman question around status issues. We conclude by pointing to the enduring nature of gendered inequalities despite the election of a Labour government, which targeted appeals more closely to the class-based concerns of women voters.
Performance of the Fully Equipped Spin Flip Chopper for the Neutron Lifetime Experiment at J-PARC
Authors: Mishima K , Ichikawa G , Fuwa Y , Hasegawa T , Hino M , Hosokawa R , Ino T , Iwashita Y , Kitaguchi M , Matsuzaki S , Mogi T , Okabe H , Oku T , Okudaira T , Seki Y , Shimizu H E , Shimizu H M , Takahashi S , Tanida M , Yamashita S , Yokohashi M , Yoshioka T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To solve the “neutron lifetime puzzle,” where measured neutron lifetimes differ depending on the measurement methods, an experiment with a pulsed neutron beam at J-PARC is in progress. In this experiment, neutrons are bunched into 40-cm lengths using a spin flip chopper (SFC), where the statistical sensitivity was limited by the aperture size of the SFC. The SFC comprises three sets of magnetic supermirrors and two resonant spin flippers. In this paper, we discuss an upgrade to enlarge the apertures of the SFC. With this upgrade, the statistics per unit time of the neutron lifetime experiment increased by a factor of 2.8, while maintaining a signal-to-noise ratio of 250–400, which is comparable to the previous one. Consequently, the time required to reach a precision of 1 s in the neutron lifetime experiment was reduced from 590 to 170 days, which is a significant reduction in time. This improvement in the statistics will also contribute to the reduction of systematic uncertainties, such as background evaluation, fostering further advancements in the neutron lifetime experiments at J-PARC.
Moments of the Charge Distribution Observed through Electron Scattering in 3H and 3He
Authors: Hiyama Emiko , Suzuki Toshio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The moments of the charge distributions obtained by the sum-of-Gaussians (SOG) analysis of electron-scattering data are examined in $^3$H and $^3$He, together with those obtained by the Fourier–Bessel (FB) analysis. The SOG and FB methods reproduce well the experimental form factors available at present, but provide different charge distributions from each other. As a result, they do not yield the same values of the moments of the charge distribution, although their analyses are called “model-independent.” The moments are sensitive to the tail of the charge distribution. The present experimental data are not enough for SOG and FB analyses to determine with reasonable accuracy the shape of the tails, in a quantum mechanical point of view. New, accurate experimental data at small momentum transfer squared less than 0.1 fm$^{-2}$ are desired.
Who can predict farmers’ choices in risky gambles?
Authors: Schaak Henning , Rommel Jens , Sagebiel Julian , Barreiro-Hurlé Jesus , Bougherara Douadia , Cembalo Luigi , Cerjak Marija , Čop Tajana , Czajkowski Mikołaj , Espinosa-Goded María , Höhler Julia , Lagerkvist Carl-Johan , Rodriguez-Entrena Macario , Tensi Annika , Thoyer Sophie , Tomić Maksan Marina , Vecchio Riccardo , Zagórska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Risk is a pervasive factor in agriculture and a subject of great interest to agricultural economists. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the knowledge held by farm advisors, students, and economists with regards to farmers’ risk preferences. Misconceptions about farmers’ willingness to take risks could lead to misguided advice. This study builds upon a recent multinational endeavor that employed a multiple price list to assess risk preferences among European farmers. We expand this research by gathering predictions for farmers’ risk preferences from 561 farm advisors, students, and economists. Our objectives are threefold: firstly, we explore variations as to how accurately participants can predict risk preferences in different specializations; secondly, we compare the predictive accuracy of different groups of forecasters; and thirdly, we assess whether modifying incentive mechanisms can improve the accuracy of predictions. Whereas our findings reveal substantial variation in individual predictions, the averages closely align with the observed responses of farmers. Notably, the most accurate predictions were provided by a sample of experimental economics researchers. Furthermore,predictions for different production systems exhibit minimal disparities. Introducing incentive schemes, such as a tournament structure, where the best prediction receives a reward, or a high-accuracy system, where randomly selected participants are compensated for the accuracy of their predictions, does not significantly impact accuracy. Further research and exploration are needed to identify the most reliable sources of advice for farmers.
A central role of sulcal width in the associations of sleep duration and depression with cognition in mid to late life
Authors: Faucher Caroline , Borne Léonie , Behler Anna , Paton Bryan , Giorgio Joseph , Fripp Jurgen , Thienel Renate , Lupton Michelle K , Breakspear Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Evidence suggests that poor sleep impacts cognition, brain health, and dementia risk but the nature of the association is poorly understood. This study examined how self-reported sleep duration, napping, and subjective depression symptoms are associated with the brain-cognition relationship in older adults, using sulcal width as a measure of relative brain health.

Methods
A canonical partial least squares analysis was used to obtain two composite variables that relate cognition and sulcal width in a cross-sectional study of 137 adults aged 46–72. We used a combination of ANCOVA and path analyses to test the associations of self-reported sleep duration, napping, and subjective depression symptoms with the brain-cognition relationship.

Results
We observed a significant main effect of sleep duration on sulcal width, with participants reporting 7 hours showing narrower sulci than other durations. This effect remained significant after including subjective depression as a covariate, which also had a significant main effect on sulcal width in the model. There was no significant effect of napping on sulcal width. In path analyses where the effects of age, self-reported sleep duration and depression symptoms were investigated together, sulcal width mediated the relationship between age and cognition. We also observed a significant indirect effect of sulci width in the subjective depression-cognition relationship.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that self-reported sleep duration and subjective depression may each be independently associated with brain morphology, which is related to cognitive functions. Results could help inform clinical trials and related intervention studies that aim at delaying cognitive decline in adults at risk of developing dementia.
Scotland in the Forefront of Property Law Reforms in the UK: Potential Implications for the Scottish People
Authors: Okara Goodtime Chimnecherem 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Scottish Government has taken steps to revolutionise its body of law on ‘trust and succession’ and housing. The recent Trusts and Succession (Scotland) Act 2024 has severally impacted the issues of appointment and removal of trustees, fiduciary duties of trustees, rights of beneficiaries, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investments in Scotland; while the proposed new Housing (Scotland) Bill 2024 has the proclivity of influencing rent, rent control areas, eviction and homelessness in Scotland. Accordingly, this paper focuses on exploring the potential impacts of these legislative reforms on the lives of the Scottish people. Do they ‘make’ or ‘mar’ the proprietary rights of the Scottish people? Are all the provisions useful to Scotland’s rental market? Will the proposed ‘ask and act’ approach address homelessness in Scotland? This paper will also be important to jurisdictions that may intend to modernise their property law and housing regimes.
CTSG polymorphisms in Chinese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Jiaci , Zhang Mingying , Zhang Shuyue , Wang Rui , Cai Yingzi , Chen Xiaofang , Dong Yan , Wang Ping , Shu Jianbo , Lv Ling , Cai Chunquan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cathepsin G (CTSG) plays an important role in the regulation of immune processes. Accumulated studies show that CTSG is involved in the onset and development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). As the genetic background of T1DM varies widely among populations, we aimed to study the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in CTSG and T1DM susceptibility in Chinese populations. A total of 141 patients with T1DM and 200 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum CTSG expression was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Genotyping of two selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2236742 and rs2070697) of CTSG was performed using PCR and Sanger sequencing. CTSG expression in patients with T1DM was significantly higher than in the control group. Alleles C and T of CTSG SNP rs2236742 were increased in T1DM. No significant associations were found for the SNP rs2070697. Our results indicate that the CTSG rs2236742 allele (C/T) is associated with T1DM in Chinese children and may serve as a new biomarker for predicting T1DM susceptibility.
Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus profile in preterm neonates (26–34 weeks’ gestation) undergoing surfactant replacement therapy in India: a prospective observational study
Authors: Sk Md Habibullah , Singh Prachi , Saha Bijan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Surfactant administration significantly improves respiratory outcomes in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, surfactant administration may lead to hemodynamic alterations, particularly in the heart, affecting the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the consequences of which are not fully understood. This prospective observational study took place in an Indian neonatal care unit from July 2019 to November 2020, enrolling preterm neonates (26–34 weeks’ gestation) with RDS needing non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. They were divided into two groups: those who received surfactant while on respiratory support and those who did not. All newborns in the study had an initial echocardiogram within 24 h to detect PDA flow. Subsequent echocardiograms were conducted between 48 and 72 h or earlier based on symptoms. Of 220 infants requiring respiratory support, 84 were enrolled, with 42 in each group. While demographic variables were similar, the surfactant group had a lower median gestational age (29.0 vs. 31.0 weeks). In the surfactant group, a significantly higher percentage of neonates had hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) compared to the non-surfactant group (54.76% vs. 26.19%, P-value = .008). Multiple logistic regression found no significant association between gestation, birth weight, or shock and hsPDA occurrence. Pulmonary hemorrhage occurred more often in the surfactant group. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) &gt; grade 2, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) ≥ grade 2 did not differ significantly between the groups. Surfactant therapy via the less invasive surfactant administration technique was associated with a higher incidence of hsPDA. While surfactant is crucial for neonatal respiratory care, its potential hemodynamic effects, including hsPDA, should be considered.
Adaptation of lot quality assurance sampling to monitor seasonal malaria chemoprevention delivery performance
Authors: Richardson Sol , Ibinaiye Taiwo , Oresanya Olusola , Oguoma Chibuzo , Okoronkwo Chukwu , Shekarau Emanuel , Sprague Daniel , Baker Kevin , de Cola Monica Anna , Roca-Feltrer Arantxa , Nnaji Chuks , Rassi Christian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Malaria Consortium supports delivery of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) to children ages 3–59 months using sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine. Lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) was adapted as a cost-efficient method for end-of-cycle SMC monitoring surveys across supported countries and an implementation challenges reporting system was established in Nigeria. We present a case study of its application in Nasarawa State. LQAS facilitated timely local performance assessment across 16 indicators. Development of new reporting tools has played a key role in stimulating national-level discussions on improvements to SMC supervisory processes and implementer training and provided a framework for engagement with local stakeholders.