bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A network of amygdala connections predict individual differences in trait anxiety
Authors: Greening Steven G. , Mitchell Derek G.V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this study we demonstrate that the pattern of an amygdala‐centric network contributes to individual differences in trait anxiety. Individual differences in trait anxiety were predicted using maximum likelihood estimates of amygdala structural connectivity to multiple brain targets derived from diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI) and probabilistic tractography on 72 participants. The prediction was performed using a stratified sixfold cross validation procedure using a regularized least square regression model. The analysis revealed a reliable network of regions predicting individual differences in trait anxiety. Higher trait anxiety was associated with stronger connections between the amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area implicated in the generation of emotional reactions, and inferior temporal gyrus and paracentral lobule, areas associated with perceptual and sensory processing. In contrast, higher trait anxiety was associated with weaker connections between amygdala and regions implicated in extinction learning such as medial orbitofrontal cortex, and memory encoding and environmental context recognition, including posterior cingulate cortex and parahippocampal gyrus. Thus, trait anxiety is not only associated with reduced amygdala connectivity with prefrontal areas associated with emotion modulation, but also enhanced connectivity with sensory areas. This work provides novel anatomical insight into potential mechanisms behind information processing biases observed in disorders of emotion. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4819–4830, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concomitant high expression of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) and B‐cell receptor (BCR) signalling molecules has clinical implications in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Akhter Ariz , Street Lesley , Ghosh Sunita , Burns Bruce F. , Elyamany Ghaleb , Shabani‐Rad Meer‐Taher , Stewart Douglas A. , Mansoor Adnan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive disease with frequent relapse. Targeted therapies against B‐cell receptor (BCR) molecules have demonstrated improved outcomes in relapsed cases. However, clinical responses are slow and selective, with failure to attain complete remission in a significant subset of patients. Complex interaction of BCR signal transduction with toll‐like receptor (TLR) and other pathways in MCL remains unknown, thus averting progress in development of targeted therapies. We have performed detailed digital quantification of BCR/TLR signalling molecules and their effector pathways in a cohort (n = 81) of MCL patients and correlated these data with overall survival. Hierarchical clustering model based on BCR/TLR genes revealed two distinct (BCRhigh and BCRlow) subsets of patients (n = 32; 40%) with significant differences in expression (>1.5‐fold change; p < 0.05). Higher levels of BTK/SYK/BLNK/CARD11/PLCG signalosome and lower expression of MALT1/BCL10 genes suggested tonic pattern of BCR activation. Amplified expression of TLR6/TLR7/TLR9 was noted in concert with hyper‐responsiveness of BCR machinery. MYD88, a key TLR adaptor molecule, was not upregulated in any of these clusters, which may suggest a ‘cross‐talk’ between BCR and TLR pathways. In sync with BCR/TLR signalling, we recorded significantly enhanced expression of genes associated with NF‐kB pathway in BCRhigh subset of MCL patients. On univariate analysis, the BCRhigh patients showed a trend towards inferior clinical response to a standardized treatment protocol, compared with the BCRlow group (log rank, p = 0.043). In conclusion, we have identified hyperactive BCR/TLR signalling pathways and their effector downstream targets in a subset of MCL patients and associated it with poor clinical outcomes. Our study provides quantitative evidence at RNA expression level of possible concomitant collaboration between TLR and BCR signalling molecules in MCL. These data will provide further insights for future functional studies and, hence, development of targeted therapies for MCL patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous monitoring of stream δ18O and δ2H and stormflow hydrograph separation using laser spectrometry in an agricultural catchment
Authors: Tweed Sarah , Munksgaard Niels , Marc Vincent , Rockett Nicholas , Bass Adrian , Forsythe Anthony J. , Bird Michael I. , Leblanc Marc 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA portable Wavelength Scanned‐Cavity Ring‐Down Spectrometer (Picarro L2120) fitted with a diffusion sampler (DS‐CRDS) was used for the first time to continuously measure δ18O and δ2H of stream water. The experiment took place during a storm event in a wet tropical agricultural catchment in north‐eastern Australia. At a temporal resolution of one minute, the DS‐CRDS measured 2160 δ18O and δ2H values continuously over a period of 36 h with a precision of ±0.08 and 0.5‰ for δ18O and δ2H, respectively. Four main advantages in using high temporal resolution stream δ18O and δ2H data during a storm event are highlighted from this study. First, they enabled us to separate components of the hydrograph, which was not possible using high temporal resolution electrical conductivity data that represented changes in solute transfers during the storm event rather than physical hydrological processes. The results from the hydrograph separation confirm fast groundwater contribution to the stream, with the first 5 h of increases in stream discharge comprising over 70% pre‐event water. Second, the high temporal resolution stream δ18O and δ2H data allowed us to detect a short‐lived reversal in stream isotopic values (δ18O increase by 0.4‰ over 9 min), which was observed immediately after the heavy rainfall period. Third, δ18O values were used to calculate a time lag of 20 min between the physical and chemical stream responses during the storm event. Finally, the hydrograph separation highlights the role of event waters in the runoff transfers of herbicides and nutrients from this heavily cultivated catchment to the Great Barrier Reef. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternative method for preparation of Au/TiO2 with precise Au0/Auδ+
Authors: Du Mingming , Huang Jiale , Jing Xiaolian , Sun Daohua , Li Qingbiao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAu valence for Au catalysts has been considered a vital parameter for catalytic activity towards CO oxidation. However, there is no effective method to prepare precise Au0/Auδ+ molar ratios with the same Au nanoparticles (NPs) sizes.RESULTSA series of Au/TiO2 catalysts with tuneable Au0/Auδ+ molar ratios were prepared by the combination of a biosynthesis method and a deposition–precipitation (DP) method, and characterized by XPS, TEM, DRUV‐Vis techniques. First, biosynthesized metallic Au NPs were immobilized onto TiO2 supports to obtain Au/TiO2 catalysts with different Au loadings but with the same sized Au NPs. And then positively ionized Au species were supported onto the above Au/TiO2 catalysts by a DP method. The metallic Au and positively ionized Au species could be totally supported on the support. Therefore, the Au0/Auδ+ molar ratios could be controlled exactly. Compared with Au/TiO2 catalysts with metallic and positively ionized Au species alone, the catalyst Au/TiO2‐1:1 showed the best initial catalytic activity, suggesting enhanced catalytic performance due to the coexistence of Au0 and Auδ+.CONCLUSIONThis study verifies that Au/TiO2 catalysts with accurate Au0/Auδ+ molar ratios can be prepared by a combination of biosynthesis and a DP method. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
From Unconventional to Ordinary? The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Homogenizing Effects of International Development Cooperation
Authors: Fejerskov Adam Moe 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe majority of the literature on new actors in development cooperation explores how these alter the field. This article presents a reverse case of how the strong homogenizing norms and principles of international development may turn an unconventional development actor into something quite conventional and more alike to well‐established actors. Drawing on insights from institutional theory, it examines organizational changes in the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation from formation until today and argues that the foundation has progressed from a state of intentional isolation to one of actively engaging in and adhering to the field's norm and principle‐setting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An early post‐traumatic reaction of lymph‐heart striated muscle fibers in adult frog Rana temporaria during the first postoperative week: An electron microscopic and autoradiographic study
Authors: Krylova Marina I. , Bogolyubov Dmitry S. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAccording to the current opinion, lymph‐heart striated muscle represents a specialized type of skeletal muscles in frogs. Here, we studied muscle fibers in mechanically damaged lymph hearts during the first postoperative week using electron‐microscopic autoradiography. We present evidence that both, the satellite cells and pre‐existing muscle fibers bordering the site of injury, contribute directly to the lymph‐heart muscle regeneration. Several muscle fibers located in the vicinity of the damaged area displayed features of nuclear and sarcoplasmic activation. We also observed ultrastructural changes indicating activation of a few satellite cells, namely decondensation of chromatin, enlargement of nuclei and nucleoli, appearance of free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum tubules in the cytoplasm. Electron‐microscopic autoradiography showed that 4 h after single 3H‐thymidine administration on the seventh day after injury not only the activated satellite cells, but also some nuclei of myofibers bordering the injured zone are labeled. We showed that both, the myonuclei of fibers displaying the signs of degenerative/reparative processes in the sarcoplasm and the myonuclei of the fibers enriched with highly organized myofibrils, can re‐enter into the S‐phase. Our results indicate that the nuclei of lymph‐heart myofibers can reactivate DNA synthesis during regenerative myogenesis, unlike the situation in regenerating frog skeletal muscle where myogenic cells do not synthesize DNA at the onset of myofibrillogenesis. J. Morphol. 276:1525–1534, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poles–zeros analysis and broadband equivalent circuit for on‐chip spiral inductors
Authors: Han Bo , Wang Daimu , Wang Feng , Wang Shibin 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPoles and zeros of the transfer function determine the performance and the key features of the circuit network, such as phase, gain, and bandwidth. In this paper, the contribution of the poles and zeros to the transfer function has been shown. The factors ηp and ηz are proposed to account for the poles contribution to the peak and the zeros contribution to the valley of transfer function, respectively. A novel broadband equivalent circuit combining the physics‐based circuit model and behavioral macro‐model (black‐box) network is proposed for accurately characterizing on‐chip spiral inductors. The physics‐based elements are extracted using the linear dependence of a set of characteristic functions on variables (such as ω2) or other functions in a certain frequency range. The macro‐model network described by rational functions is determined using vector fitting approaches. The proposed modeling method is validated by the on‐chip spiral inductor fabricated with 0.13‐µm SiGe BiCMOS aluminum process. Excellent agreements are obtained between the measured data and calculation for the proposed model up to 40 GHz. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial Modelling of Organic Carbon in Burned Mountain Soils Using Hyperspectral Images, Field Datasets, and NIR Spectroscopy (Cantabrian Range; NW Spain)
Authors: Fernández Susana , Peón Juanjo , Recondo Carmen , Calleja Javier F. , Guerrero César 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSoil organic matter is seriously affected by fires and suffers changes in stock, composition, and distribution. In the North‐West side of the Cantabrian Range (northern Spain) fires are very common. In order to develop a cartographic technique to map areas with high carbon stocks caused by fire, we test a technique based on calibrated VIS‐NIR soil organic carbon models and hyperspectral images. Total (TOC) and oxidizable carbon (OC) were measured in 89 soil samples. The samples were scanned with VIS‐NIR spectrometer (400–2,500 nm), and the spectra were resampled to the hyperspectral image channels. Spectroscopic models for TOC and OC were fitted (R2 > 0·81) using partial least squares regression (PLSR). The predictions were regionalized to the hyperspectral image and the results validated with a new soil population consisting of 12 Valeri plots collected in burned slopes of the study area under heather vegetation. In soil samples, TOC and OC values are highly correlated (R = 0·92), and the coefficients of the PLSR models have a similar pattern, which suggests similar organic components. Nevertheless, there are significant differences in the values of the regression coefficients, much higher in the TOC model except at 560 and 2,054 nm that might be interpreted as labile carbon components, and at 1,590 nm. At this wavelength the coefficient of TOC is positive and OC is negative, and it could be interpreted as hydrocarbons components present in the TOC model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential carbon utilization and asexual reproduction under elevated pCO2 conditions in the model anemone, Exaiptasia pallida, hosting different symbionts
Authors: Hoadley Kenneth D. , Rollison Dana , Pettay D. Tye , Warner Mark E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHere we report the effects of elevated pCO2 on the model symbiotic anemone Exaiptasia pallida and how its association with three different strains of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium minutum (ITS2‐type B1) affects its response. Exposure to elevated pCO2 (70.9 Pa) for 28 d led to an increased effective quantum yield of PSII in actinic light within two of the alga‐anemone combinations. Autotrophic carbon fixation, along with the rate of carbon translocated to the animal, were significantly elevated with high pCO2. Elevated pCO2 exposure also coincided with significantly greater asexual budding rates in all tested anemones. Further, differences in photochemistry and carbon translocation rates suggest subtle differences in the response to pCO2 among the three strains of S. minutum and their host anemones. This illustrates the potential for physiological diversity at the subspecies level for this ecologically important dinoflagellate. Positive alterations in photosynthesis, carbon utilization, and fitness within this model symbiosis suggest a potential benefit from ocean acidification (OA) not yet observed within corals, which may enable these anthozoans to gain a greater ecological presence under future OA conditions.
Microvascular complications and prevalence of urgency incontinence in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The dogo study
Authors: Furukawa Shinya , Sakai Takenori , Niiya Tetsuji , Miyaoka Hiroaki , Miyake Teruki , Yamamoto Shin , Maruyama Koutatsu , Ueda Teruhisa , Senba Hidenori , Todo Yasuhiko , Torisu Masamoto , Minami Hisaka , Onji Morikazu , Tanigawa Takeshi , Matsuura Bunzo , Hiasa Yoichi , Miyake Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2015

AimsDiabetes was significantly positively associated with urgency incontinence in several epidemiological studies. We examine the association between diabetic neuropathy, which we defined based on neuropathic symptoms, the absence of the Achilles reflex, and/or abnormal vibration perception, and urgency incontinence among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsStudy subjects were 742 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 19–70 years, who had undergone blood tests at our institutions. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect information on the variables under study. Urgency incontinence was defined as present when a subject answered “once a week or more” to the question: “Within one week, how often do you leak urine because you cannot defer the sudden desire to urinate ?”. Diabetic neuropathy was diagnosed if the patients showed two or more of the following three characteristics: neuropathic symptoms, the absence of the Achilles reflex, and/or abnormal vibration perception. Adjustment was made for sex, age, body mass index, duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, current smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, glycated hemoglobin, stroke, coronary artery disease, insulin therapy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy.ResultsThe prevalence of urgency incontinence was 8.6%. Diabetic neuropathy was independently positively associated with urgency incontinence: the adjusted OR was 2.20 (95%CI: 1.16–4.36). Associations between diabetic retinopathy or nephropathy and the prevalence of urgency incontinence were not significant.ConclusionsIn Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, only diabetic neuropathy was independently positively associated with urgency incontinence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:1024–1027, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of preoperative factors including urodynamic evaluations and nerve‐sparing status for predicting urinary continence recovery after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy: Nerve‐sparing technique contributes to the reduction of postprostatectomy incontinence
Authors: Kadono Yoshifumi , Ueno Satoru , Kadomoto Suguru , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Takezawa Yuta , Nakashima Kazufumi , Nohara Takahiro , Izumi Kouji , Mizokami Atsushi , Gabata Toshifumi , Namiki Mikio 
Published: September 2015

AimsTo examine which preoperative factors, including urodynamic evaluations, and operative procedures could predict continence status after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in this study.Materials and MethodsUnivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of preoperative factors such as age, body mass index, prostate‐specific antigen level before biopsy, prostate size before surgery, membranous urethral length measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bladder compliance and maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) measured by urodynamic study (UDS), and nerve‐sparing (NS) status predicting 24‐hr pad test >2 g/day at 1 year after RARP were examined in 111 patients enrolled in this study.ResultsThe number of patients with incontinence at 1 year after RARP was 39 (35.1%). The only predictive factor for urinary continence was NS grades. To investigate the contribution of NS to urinary continence, 84 patients underwent UDS three times; before, immediately after, and 1 year after RARP. Chronological UDS revealed that recovery patterns of storage and voiding functions were the same among non‐NS, unilateral‐NS, and bilateral‐NS groups, and that higher degrees of NS contributed to lesser decreases in MUCP and longer functional urethral length (FUL) after RARP.ConclusionPreoperative factors, including the results of UDS, could not predict continence 1 year after RARP. The NS procedure contributed to continence status. NS favorably affected MUCP and FUL; however, it did not affect bladder function after RARP. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:1034–1039, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual loss of the SWI/SNF complex ATPases SMARCA4/BRG1 and SMARCA2/BRM is highly sensitive and specific for small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type
Authors: Karnezis Anthony N , Wang Yemin , Ramos Pilar , Hendricks William PD , Oliva Esther , D'Angelo Emanuela , Prat Jaime , Nucci Marisa R , Nielsen Torsten O , Chow Christine , Leung Samuel , Kommoss Friedrich , Kommoss Stefan , Silva Annacarolina , Ronnett Brigitte M , Rabban Joseph T , Bowtell David D , Weissman Bernard E , Trent Jeffrey M , Gilks C Blake , Huntsman David G 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSmall cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type (SCCOHT) is a lethal and sometimes familial ovarian tumour of young women and children. We and others recently discovered that over 90% of SCCOHTs harbour inactivating mutations in the chromatin remodelling gene SMARCA4 with concomitant loss of its encoded protein SMARCA4 (BRG1), one of two mutually exclusive ATPases of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex. To determine the specificity of SMARCA4 loss for SCCOHT, we examined the expression of SMARCA4 by immunohistochemistry in more than 3000 primary gynaecological tumours. Among ovarian tumours, it was only absent in clear cell carcinoma (15 of 360, 4%). In the uterus, it was absent in endometrial stromal sarcomas (4 of 52, 8%) and high‐grade endometrioid carcinomas (2 of 338, 1%). Recent studies have shown that SMARCA2 (BRM), the other mutually exclusive ATPase of the SWI/SNF complex, is necessary for survival of tumour cells lacking SMARCA4. Therefore, we examined SMARCA2 expression and discovered that all SMARCA4‐negative SCCOHTs also lacked SMARCA2 protein by IHC, including the SCCOHT cell lines BIN67 and SCCOHT1. Among ovarian tumours, the SMARCA4/SMARCA2 dual loss phenotype appears completely specific for SCCOHT. SMARCA2 loss was not due to mutation but rather from an absence of mRNA expression, which was restored by treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A. Re‐expression of SMARCA4 or SMARCA2 inhibited the growth of BIN67 and SCCOHT1 cell lines. Our results indicate that SMARCA4 loss, either alone or with SMARCA2, is highly sensitive and specific for SCCOHT and that restoration of either SWI/SNF ATPase can inhibit the growth of SCCOHT cell lines. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Analytical Profiling of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Argan (Argania spinosa) Leaves by Combined Microextraction by Packed Sorbent (MEPS) and LC‐DAD‐MS/MS
Authors: Mercolini Laura , Protti Michele , Saracino Maria Addolorata , Mandrone Manuela , Antognoni Fabiana , Poli Ferruccio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe argan tree (Argania spinosa) is an endemic species from south‐western Morocco. Argan‐based preparations have been widely used in Moroccan traditional medicine for their biological properties, as well as for several cosmetic purposes. Whereas kernel, pulp of fruit and trunk have been extensively studied for their nutritional and pharmacological effects, relatively little is known about argan tree leaves.ObjectiveThe main purpose of the present study is to investigate and characterise the bioactive phenolic fractions in both crude and aqueous extracts derived from argan tree leaves.MethodologyA qualitative profile of the antioxidant phenolic compounds in argan leaves was obtained by means of structural hypothesis based on UV spectra and mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns. Moreover, selected phenolics were quantified in argan leaves by using a fully validated method based on liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐DAD‐MS/MS). All the extracts were purified by a fast and reliable microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) procedure, before analysing them by LC‐MS/MS.ResultsBased on retention times, mass spectrometric fragmentation and UV spectra, 13 phenolic compounds were identified or tentatively elucidated from crude and aqueous extracts derived from Argania spinosa leaves, while seven compounds were quantified in both extracts.ConclusionThe obtained results could represent a first step towards a complete characterisation of the argan plant, its bioactive profiling and the valorisation of its by‐products as a source of potentially beneficial bioactive molecules. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.