bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of diet on the duration and thermal sensitivity of development in the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterusL. (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae)
Authors: Lopatina Elena B. , Kutcherov Dmitry A. , Balashov Sergei V. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTemperature and nutrition are crucial environmental variables that determine rates of growth and development in insects. However, the simultaneous effect of these factors on life‐history traits is rarely addressed. In the present study, the influence of two diets (linden fruit and sunflower seeds) on the duration of immature stages and thermal reaction norms for development is tested in the bug Pyrrhocoris apterus L. (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae). Eggs and larvae are reared at five constant temperatures (20, 22, 24, 26 and 28 °C) under an LD 20 : 4 h photocycle. Development rates deviate from linearity in the studied thermal range, especially in larvae; therefore, a nonlinear (power‐law) approximation is also attempted. Parental diet causes no change in thermal reaction norms for egg development. However, the progeny of sunflower‐fed bugs are more variable in terms of their development time, suggesting a transgenerational effect. Larval mortality rates increase in cooler conditions and are always higher on sunflower seeds. This is accompanied by more variable, less temperature‐dependent and generally slower larval development. A review of previously published case studies on temperature–diet interactions in the control of insect development leads to two general conclusions. First, there are two approaches for assessing the temperature‐dependent development in insects: one based on the concept of the sum of degree‐days and the other based on the concept of reaction norm. Despite an obvious non‐exclusiveness, the two approaches appear to have developed in isolation from each other. Second, three principal patterns of temperature–diet interactions can be recognized. The pattern found in P. apterus (the direct effects of diet are stronger at higher temperatures and much weaker or absent at lower temperatures) appears to be the most widespread.
Morphometric analysis and taxonomic revision of AnisopteromalusRuschka (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) – an integrative approach
Authors: BAUR HANNES , KRANZ‐BALTENSPERGER YVONNE , CRUAUD ASTRID , RASPLUS JEAN‐YVES , TIMOKHOV ALEXANDER V. , GOKHMAN VLADIMIR E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe use an integrative taxonomic approach to revise the genus Anisopteromalus. In particular, we apply multivariate ratio analysis (MRA), a rather new statistical method based on principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), to numerous body measurements and combine the data with those from our molecular analysis of Cytb and ITS2 genetic markers (on a subset of species) and all available published data on morphology, karyology, behaviour, host associations and geographic distribution. We demonstrate that the analysis of quantitative characters using MRA plays a major role for the integration of name‐bearing types and thus for the association of taxa with names. Six species are recognized, of which two are new: A. cornis Baur sp.n. and A. quinarius Gokhman & Baur sp.n. For Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard), a well‐known, cosmopolitan parasitoid of stored‐product pests, we have selected a neotype to foster continuity and stability in the application of this important name. The species was sometimes confused with the related A. quinarius sp.n., another cosmopolitan species that is frequently encountered in similar environments. We also show that several species originally described or later put under Anisopteromalus actually belong to different genera: Cyrtoptyx camerunus (Risbec) comb.n.; Meraporus glaber (Szelényi) comb.n.; Dinarmus schwenkei (Roomi, Khan & Khan) comb.n. Neocatolaccus indicus Ayyar & Mani is confirmed as a junior synonym of Oxysychus sphenopterae (Ferrière) syn.n. and Anisopteromalus calandrae brasiliensis (Domenichini) stat.rev. must be considered as a valid but doubtful taxon.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BDFE96D3‐D0F4‐4012‐90F5‐9A087F7F5864.
Small kernel 1 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein required for mitochondrial nad7 transcript editing and seed development in maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Li Xiao‐Jie , Zhang Ya‐Feng , Hou Mingming , Sun Feng , Shen Yun , Xiu Zhi‐Hui , Wang Xiaomin , Chen Zong‐Liang , Sun Samuel S.M. , Small Ian , Tan Bao‐Cai 
Published: June 2014

SummaryRNA editing modifies cytidines (C) to uridines (U) at specific sites in the transcripts of mitochondria and plastids, altering the amino acid specified by the DNA sequence. Here we report the identification of a critical editing factor of mitochondrial nad7 transcript via molecular characterization of a small kernel 1 (smk1) mutant in Zea mays (maize). Mutations in Smk1 arrest both the embryo and endosperm development. Cloning of Smk1 indicates that it encodes an E‐subclass pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein that is targeted to mitochondria. Loss of SMK1 function abolishes the C → U editing at the nad7‐836 site, leading to the retention of a proline codon that is edited to encode leucine in the wild type. The smk1 mutant showed dramatically reduced complex–I assembly and NADH dehydrogenase activity, and abnormal biogenesis of the mitochondria. Analysis of the ortholog in Oryza sativa (rice) reveals that rice SMK1 has a conserved function in C → U editing of the mitochondrial nad7‐836 site. T‐DNA knock‐out mutants showed abnormal embryo and endosperm development, resulting in embryo or seedling lethality. The leucine at NAD7‐279 is highly conserved from bacteria to flowering plants, and analysis of genome sequences from many plants revealed a molecular coevolution between the requirement for C → U editing at this site and the existence of an SMK1 homolog. These results demonstrate that Smk1 encodes a PPR‐E protein that is required for nad7‐836 editing, and this editing is critical to NAD7 function in complex‐I assembly in mitochondria, and hence to embryo and endosperm development in maize and rice.
Survivin inhibition via EZN‐3042 in canine lymphoma and osteosarcoma
Authors: Shoeneman J. K. , Ehrhart E. J. , Charles J. B. , Thamm D. H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCanine lymphoma (LSA) and osteosarcoma (OS) have high mortality rates and remain in need of more effective therapeutic approaches. Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family member protein that inhibits apoptosis and drives cell proliferation, is commonly elevated in human and canine cancer. Survivin expression is a negative prognostic factor in dogs with LSA and OS, and canine LSA and OS cell lines express high levels of survivin. In this study, we demonstrate that survivin downregulation in canine LSA and OS cells using a clinically applicable locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide (EZN‐3042, Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Piscataway Township, NJ, USA) inhibits growth, induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in vitro, and inhibits survivin transcription and protein production in orthotopic canine OS xenografts. Our findings strongly suggest that survivin‐directed therapies might be effective in treatment of canine LSA and OS and support evaluation of EZN‐3042 in dogs with cancer.
Expression of fibroblast growth factor 23 by canine soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Hardcastle M. R. , Dittmer K. E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTumour‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome of humans. Some mesenchymal tumours (often resembling haemangiopericytomas) express molecules that normally regulate phosphorus metabolism; most frequently, fibroblast growth factor 23. Patients develop renal phosphate wasting and inappropriately low serum concentrations of 1, 25 (OH)2 vitamin D3, leading to osteomalacia. Surgical removal of the tumour is curative. The authors examined expression of canine fibroblast growth factor 23 in 49 soft tissue sarcomas, and control tissues from normal adult dogs. RNA extracted from bone or formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues was analysed by end point and quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Fibroblast growth factor 23 expression was detected in bone, lung, kidney, lymph node and thymus. Fifteen of 49 sarcomas (31%) expressed fibroblast growth factor 23, three of these had high relative expression and some features resembling phosphatonin‐expressing mesenchymal tumours of humans. Further work is required to determine whether TIO may occur in dogs.
Plasticity of epithelial stem cells in tissue regeneration
Authors: Blanpain Cédric , Fuchs Elaine 
Published: June 2014

The versatility of epithelial stem cells
Stem cells are very important in the maintenance of our bodies' tissues and organs. Blanpain and Fuchs review how different populations of naturally lineage-restricted epithelial stem cells and committed progenitors can also display remarkable plasticity. These cells can reacquire long-term self-renewing capacities and multilineage differentiation potential during physiological and regenerative conditions. These abilities depend on whether the stem cell remains within its resident niche or has been mobilized to repair a wound. Such cellular plasticity has implications for regenerative medicine and for cancer.

Science
, this issue p.
10.1126/science.1242281
Genome Sequence of the ε-Poly-
l
-Lysine-Producing Strain Streptomyces albulus NK660, Isolated from Soil in Gutian, Fujian Province, China
Authors: Gu Yanyan , Yang Chao , Wang Xiaomeng , Geng Weitao , Sun Yang , Feng Jun , Wang Yuanyuan , Quan Yufen , Che You , Zhang Chi , Gong Ting , Zhang Wei , Gao Weixia , Zuo Zhenqiang , Song Cunjiang , Wang Shufang 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

We determined the complete genome sequence of a soil bacterium,
Streptomyces albulus
NK660. It can produce ε-poly-
l
-lysine, which has antimicrobial activity against a spectrum of microorganisms. The genome of
S. albulus
NK660 contains a 9,360,281-bp linear chromosome and a 12,120-bp linear plasmid.
Complete Genome Sequence of Amino Acid-Utilizing Eubacterium acidaminophilum al-2 (DSM 3953)
Authors: Poehlein Anja , Andreesen Jan R. , Daniel Rolf 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Eubacterium acidaminophilum
is a strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium which belongs to cluster XI of the
Clostridia
. It ferments amino acids by a Stickland reaction. The genome harbors a chromosome (2.25 Mb) and a megaplasmid (0.8 Mb). It contains several gene clusters coding for selenocysteine-containing, glycine-derived, and amino acid-degrading reductases.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pronghorn Virus, a Pestivirus
Authors: Neill John D. , Ridpath Julia F. , Fischer Nicole , Grundhoff Adam , Postel Alexander , Becher Paul 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of pronghorn virus, a member of the
Pestivirus
genus of the family
Flaviviridae
, was determined here. The virus, originally isolated from a pronghorn antelope, has a genome of 12,273 nucleotides, with a single open reading frame of 11,694 bases encoding 3,897 amino acids.
Genome Sequence of Aeromonas taiwanensis LMG 24683
T
, a Clinical Wound Isolate from Taiwan
Authors: Wang Hsuan-Chen , Ko Wen-Chien , Shu Hung-Yu , Chen Po-Lin , Wang Yu-Chun , Wu Chi-Jung 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Aeromonas taiwanensis
was first described in 2010 on the basis of one clinical wound isolate (strain LMG 24683
T
= A2-50
T
= CECT 7403
T
) from Taiwan. We present here the genome sequence of
A. taiwanensis
LMG 24683
T
, which carries several genes encoding virulence determinants and Ambler class C and D β-lactamases.
Draft Genome Sequences of Nine Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains from Kenya
Authors: Hazen Tracy H. , Humphrys Michael S. , Ochieng John Benjamin , Parsons Michele , Bopp Cheryl A. , O'Reilly Ciara E. , Mintz Eric , Rasko David A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequences of nine enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) strains isolated from children in Kenya who died during hospitalization with diarrhea. Each of the isolates possess the EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid encoding the bundle-forming pilus, which is characteristic of EPEC. These isolates represent diverse serogroups and EPEC phylogenomic lineages.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus pumilus 7P, Isolated from the Soil of the Tatarstan Republic, Russia
Authors: Shagimardanova Elena I. , Toymentseva Anna A. , Balaban Nelly P. , Mardanova Ayslu M. , Danilova Yulia V. , Gusev Oleg A. , Kostryukova Elena , Karpova Irina , Manolov Aleksandr , Alexeev Dmitriy , Sharipova Margarita R. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we present a draft genome sequence of
Bacillus pumilus
strain 7P. This strain was isolated from soil as an extracellular RNase-producing microorganism. The RNase of
B. pumilus
7P is considered to be a potential antiviral and therapeutic antitumor agent, and it might be appropriate for agriculture and academic synthesis of oligoribonucleotides.
Epidemic Diffusion of OXA-23-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates in Italy: Results of the First Cross-Sectional Countrywide Survey
Authors: Principe Luigi , Piazza Aurora , Giani Tommaso , Bracco Silvia , Caltagirone Maria Sofia , Arena Fabio , Nucleo Elisabetta , Tammaro Federica , Rossolini Gian Maria , Pagani Laura , Luzzaro Francesco 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
(CRAb) is emerging worldwide as a public health problem in various settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CRAb isolates in Italy and to characterize their resistance mechanisms and genetic relatedness. A countrywide cross-sectional survey was carried out at 25 centers in mid-2011. CRAb isolates were reported from all participating centers, with overall proportions of 45.7% and 22.2% among consecutive nonreplicate clinical isolates of
A. baumannii
from inpatients (
n
= 508) and outpatients (
n
= 63), respectively. Most of them were resistant to multiple antibiotics, whereas all remained susceptible to colistin, with MIC
50
and MIC
90
values of ≤0.5 mg/liter. The genes coding for carbapenemase production were identified by PCR and sequencing. OXA-23 enzymes (found in all centers) were by far the most common carbapenemases (81.7%), followed by OXA-58 oxacillinases (4.5%), which were found in 7 of the 25 centers. In 6 cases, CRAb isolates carried both
bla
OXA-23-like
and
bla
OXA-58-like
genes. A repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR technique, multiplex PCRs for group identification, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to determine the genetic relationships among representative isolates (
n
= 55). Two different clonal lineages were identified, including a dominant clone of sequence type 2 (ST2) related to the international clone II (sequence group 1 [SG1], SG4, and SG5) and a clone of ST78 (SG6) previously described in Italy. Overall, our results demonstrate that OXA-23 enzymes have become the most prevalent carbapenemases and are now endemic in Italy. In addition, molecular typing profiles showed the presence of international and national clonal lineages in Italy.
When Does 2 Plus 2 Equal 5? A Review of Antimicrobial Synergy Testing
Authors: Doern Christopher D. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

In this age of emerging antibiotic resistance, limited therapeutic options exist for treating multidrug-resistant organisms. Combination therapy is commonly employed to manage these infections despite little laboratory guidance as to the efficacy of this approach. Synergy testing methods have been used to assess the interaction of antibiotic combinations
in vitro
. This review will discuss the four primary methods used to assess synergy, as well as the data that exist for testing of cystic fibrosis. In the final analysis, this review concludes that there is not enough evidence to endorse synergy testing for routine clinical use.
Aerial Prevalence of Aspergillus calidoustus Isolates in and around a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kuwait and Assessment of Their Pathogenicity
Authors: Khan Ziauddin , Ahmad Suhail , Joseph Leena 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Seven
Aspergillus calidoustus
isolates from 486
Aspergillus
spp. isolates (1.4% overall prevalence) from outdoor/indoor air samples and one isolate from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with pneumonia were obtained. These 8 isolates exhibited reduced susceptibility to triazoles. Preliminary pathogenicity data from BALB/c mice suggest that
A. calidoustus
can persist in tissues for long periods without causing mortality. Further studies using graded doses of inoculum and immunosuppression models are warranted to gain an understanding of the factors associated with its pathogenicity and virulence.
Penicillin-Susceptible Group B Streptococcal Clinical Isolates with Reduced Cephalosporin Susceptibility
Authors: Nagano Noriyuki , Nagano Yukiko , Toyama Masami , Kimura Kouji , Shibayama Keigo , Arakawa Yoshichika 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

We characterized penicillin-susceptible group B streptococcal (PSGBS) clinical isolates exhibiting no growth inhibition zone around a ceftibuten disk (CTB
r
PSGBS). The CTB
r
PSGBS isolates, for which augmented MICs of cefaclor and ceftizoxime were found, shared a T394A substitution in penicillin-binding protein 2X (PBP 2X) and a T567I substitution in PBP 2B, together with an additional G429S substitution in PBP 2X or a T145A substitution in PBP 1A, although the T145A substitution in the transglycosidase domain of PBP 1A would have no effect on the level of resistance to ceftibuten.
Assessment of Ambiguous Base Calls in HIV-1
pol
Population Sequences as a Biomarker for Identification of Recent Infections in HIV-1 Incidence Studies
Authors: Meixenberger Karolin , Hauser Andrea , Jansen Klaus , Yousef Kaveh Pouran , Fiedler Stefan , von Kleist Max , Norley Stephen , Somogyi Sybille , Hamouda Osamah , Bannert Norbert , Bartmeyer Barbara , Kücherer Claudia 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

An increase in the proportion of ambiguous base calls in HIV-1
pol
population sequences during the course of infection has been demonstrated in different study populations, and sequence ambiguity thresholds to classify infections as recent or nonrecent have been suggested. The aim of our study was to evaluate sequence ambiguities as a candidate biomarker for use in an HIV-1 incidence assay using samples from antiretroviral treatment-naive seroconverters with known durations of infection (German HIV-1 Seroconverter Study). We used 2,203 HIV-1
pol
population sequences derived from 1,334 seroconverters to assess the sequence ambiguity method (SAM). We then compared the serological incidence BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA) with the SAM for a subset of 723 samples from 495 seroconverters and evaluated a multianalyte algorithm that includes BED-CEIA results, SAM results, viral loads, and CD4 cell counts for 453 samples from 325 seroconverters. We observed a significant increase in the proportion of sequence ambiguities with the duration of infection. A sequence ambiguity threshold of 0.5% best identified recent infections with 76.7% accuracy. The mean duration of recency was determined to be 208 (95% confidence interval, 196 to 221) days. In the subset analysis, BED-CEIA achieved a significantly higher accuracy than the SAM (84.6 versus 75.5%,
P
< 0.001) and results were concordant for 64.2% (464/723) of the samples. Also, the multianalyte algorithm did not show better accuracy than the BED-CEIA (83.4 versus 84.3%,
P
= 0.786). In conclusion, the SAM and the multianalyte algorithm including SAM were inferior to the BED-CEIA, and the proportion of sequence ambiguities is therefore not a preferable biomarker for HIV-1 incidence testing.
Stabilizing the Native Trimer of HIV-1 Env by Destabilizing the Heterodimeric Interface of the gp41 Postfusion Six-Helix Bundle
Authors: Kesavardhana Sannula , Varadarajan Raghavan 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is a trimer of gp120-gp41 heterodimers and is essential for viral entry. The gp41 subunit in native, prefusion trimeric Env exists in a metastable conformation and attains a stable six-helix bundle (6-HB) conformation comprised of a trimer of N-heptad repeat (NHR) and C-heptad repeat (CHR) heterodimers, that drives the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. We attempted to stabilize native Env trimers by incorporation of mutations at the NHR-CHR interface that disrupt the postfusion 6-HB of gp41. The mutations V570D and I573D stabilize native Env of the HIV-1 JRFL strain and occlude nonneutralizing epitopes to a greater extent than the previously identified I559P mutation that is at the interface of the NHR trimers in the 6-HB. The mutations prevent soluble-CD4 (sCD4)-induced gp120 shedding and 6-HB formation. In the context of cell surface-expressed JRFL Env, introduction of a previously reported additional disulfide between residues A501 and T605 perturbs the native conformation, though this effect is partially alleviated by furin coexpression. The data suggest that positions 570 and 573 are surface proximal in native Env and that the NHR homotrimeric coiled coil in native Env terminates before or close to residue 573. Aspartic acid substitutions at these positions stabilize native trimers through destabilization of the postfusion 6-HB conformation. These mutations can be used to stabilize Env in a DNA vaccine format.

IMPORTANCE
The major protein on the surface of HIV-1 is the envelope (Env) glycoprotein. Env is a trimer of gp120-gp41 heterodimers. gp120 is involved in receptor/coreceptor binding and gp41 in the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Like many other viral fusion proteins, the gp41 subunit in native trimeric Env exists in a metastable conformation. gp41 readily forms a stable six-helix bundle (6-HB) conformation comprised of a trimer of N-heptad repeat (NHR) and C-heptad repeat (CHR) heterodimers that drives fusion of viral and cellular membranes. While it is expected that native Env is a good immunogen, its metastability results in exposure of immunodominant nonneutralizing epitopes. In the present study, we stabilize native Env trimers by incorporation of a number of different mutations at the NHR-CHR interface that disrupt the postfusion 6-HB of gp41. The stabilized constructs described here can be incorporated into DNA vaccine candidates.