bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local signal from Trichoderma afroharzianum T22 induces host transcriptome and endophytic microbiome leading to growth promotion in sorghum
Authors: Kabir Ahmad H , Thapa Asha , Hasan Md Rokibul , Parvej Md Rasel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Trichoderma, a highly abundant soil fungus, may benefit plants, yet it remains understudied in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). In this study, sorghum plants were grown for 5 weeks in pots of soil with or without inoculation of T. afroharzianum T22. Inoculation with T. afroharzianum T22 significantly increased growth parameters and nutrient levels, demonstrating its beneficial role in sorghum. A split-root assay demonstrated that T. afroharzianum T22 is essential in both compartments of the pot for promoting plant growth, suggesting that local signals from this fungus drive symbiotic benefits in sorghum. RNA-seq analysis revealed that inoculation with T. afroharzianum T22 induced genes responsible for mineral transport (such as nitrate and aquaporin transporters), auxin response, sugar assimilation (hexokinase), and disease resistance (thaumatin) in sorghum roots. Microbial community analysis further unveiled the positive role of T. afroharzianum T22 in enriching Penicillium and Streptomyces while reducing disease-causing Fusarium in the roots. The microbial consortium, consisting of enriched microbiomes from bacterial and fungal communities, showed disrupted morphological features in plants inoculated with T. afroharzianum T22 in the absence of Streptomyces griseus. However, this disruption was not observed in the absence of Penicillium chrysogenum. These results indicate that S. griseus acts as a helper microbe in close association with T. afroharzianum T22 in the sorghum endosphere. This study provides the first comprehensive explanation of how T. afroharzianum T22 modulates host molecular determinants and endophytic helper microbes, thereby collectively promoting sorghum growth. These findings may facilitate the formulation of synthetic microbial inoculants dominated by T. afroharzianum T22 to enhance growth and stress resilience in sorghum and similar crops.
Dysphagia and chest pain in a 7-year-old girl
Authors: Chen Charles B , Cherupalla Balaji 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Dysphagia is a common gastrointestinal complaint in the pediatric population and should raise concern for oropharyngeal as well as esophageal disorders. We describe a 7-year old patient who was admitted to the hospital for sudden onset dysphagia, abdominal pain, and decreased oral intake. Extensive evaluations including endoscopy eventually revealed herpes simplex esophagitis as well as eosinophilic esophagitis. Herpes simplex esophagitis is a rare condition in the immunocompetent population and is typically self-resolving. Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic, inflammatory condition characterized by esophageal eosinophilia and signs of esophageal dysfunction. The concurrent presentation of both conditions in the pediatric population has rarely been described.
Nature, Meaning, and Function of General Principles of Law in International Law
Authors: Dumberry Patrick 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the nature, meaning, and function of the general principles of law (GPL) in international law. While the matter has been contested by some authors in the past, it is now settled that GPL are a formal source of international law. Just like treaties and custom, GPL are a means for the creation of the law. GPL are therefore an authoritative and, most importantly, an autonomous source of law which can be used by international judges and arbitrators in the context of a dispute involving questions of international law. The chapter then considers the three different conceptions of GPL under general public international law as well as in the specific context of investment arbitration. Meanwhile, GPL serve a gap-filling function. It has been noted by some authors that international law is more susceptible to needing GPL to fill gaps than other legal orders. In addition, GPL are a source of interpretation for uncertain and ambiguous treaty and custom norms.
The production of “evidence” for migrant integration policy in the European Union
Authors: Dodevska Iva 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The European Union (EU) is at the forefront of advancing a science-for-policy paradigm, developing resources and infrastructures where “evidence” in various forms can be produced, collected, and applied into policy. This article investigates the production of “useful” knowledge in the policy area of migrant integration, in a system of research–policy configurations mediated by EU institutions. The article asks: What kind of structures are set in place to support migrant integration governance with “evidence,” what counts as “evidence,” whose expertise is sought out, and what are the implications for wider debates on mobility and diversity? First, I map and classify the key channels for research–policy collaboration at inter- and supranational levels, where researchers, policymakers, and practitioners interact to produce, exchange, and disseminate various forms of knowledge on migrants and their integration. I then explore the nature of said knowledge, analyzing the various data, statistics, and indicators that are the result on such research–policy collaboration. This article finds that the EU-level ecosystem of evidence production both makes social scientific knowledge indispensable for migrant integration governance and produces ‘integration’ simultaneously as a measurable and manageable (objective) social issue, and a common European problem. I discuss possible implications of this “policy-relevant” knowledge production and propose a research agenda for an in-depth exploration of its effects on the governance of migranticized and racialized populations.
Proof of principle X-ray reflection mass measurement of the black hole in H1743−322
Authors: Nathan Edward , Ingram Adam , Steiner James F , König Ole , Dauser Thomas , Lucchini Matteo , Mastroserio Guglielmo , van der Klis Michiel , García Javier A , Connors Riley , Kara Erin , Wang Jingyi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The black hole X-ray binary H1743−322 lies in a region of the Galaxy with high extinction, and therefore it has not been possible to make a dynamical mass measurement. In this paper, we make use of a recent model which uses the X-ray reflection spectrum to constrain the ratio of the black hole mass to the source distance. By folding in a reported distance measurement, we are able to estimate the mass of the black hole to be $12\pm 2~\text{M}_\odot {}$ ($1\sigma$ credible interval). We are then able to revise a previous disc continuum fitting estimate of black hole spin $a_*$ (previously relying on a population mass distribution) using our new mass constraint, finding $a_*=0.47\pm 0.10$. This work is a proof of principle demonstration of the method, showing it can be used to find the mass of black holes in X-ray binaries.
Forecasting galaxy cluster H i mass recovery with CHIME at redshifts z = 1 and 2 via the IllustrisTNG simulations
Authors: Polzin Ava , Newburgh Laura , Natarajan Priyamvada , Chen Hsiao-Wen 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) is a drift-scan interferometer designed to map the entire northern sky every 24 h. The all-sky coverage and sensitivity to neutral hydrogen flux at intermediate redshifts makes the instrument a resource for other exciting science in addition to cosmology for which it was originally designed. Here, we demonstrate its utility for the study of the H i content of galaxy populations across environments and redshifts. We use simulated data from the IllustrisTNG project to generate mock CHIME-like intensity maps, which we cross-correlate with various tracers – including galaxies and galaxy clusters – to recover aggregate H i signals from stacking analyses. We find that there is more flux in stacks on galaxy clusters or cluster member galaxies compared to those on a general galaxy catalogue due to the enhanced number of H i-rich sources included in the CHIME primary beam. We report that it is possible to infer an average $M_\mathrm{HI}$ for clusters as a function of redshift and selection criteria from the signal in their averaged stacks despite the instrument’s low spatial resolution. This proof-of-concept result opens up a promising, and timely, new avenue to measure the evolution of the neutral hydrogen content in intermediate-to-high redshift galaxy clusters via cross-correlation of galaxy cluster catalogues with 21-cm intensity maps.
Assembly history and internal structure of cluster cold dark matter haloes
Authors: Chen Qingxiang , Liao Shihong , Wang Jie , Gao Liang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We use the Phoenix simulations to study the mass assembly history and internal structures of cluster dark matter haloes ($M_{200} \gtrsim 5\times 10^{14} h^{-1}{\rm M}_\odot$). We confirm that cluster haloes grow inside-out, similar to galactic haloes. Major merger events dominate the growth of the internal region and minor mergers/diffuse accretion shape the outskirts. However, compared to galactic haloes, cluster haloes tend to have a younger and more actively evolving inner region. On average, the majority of mass ($\gtrsim 80$ per cent) in the inner region ($R\lt 0.1 r_{200}$) of Phoenix haloes is accreted after $z = 3$, while for galactic haloes, most mass in the central region has already been accreted before $z=6$. The density profiles of cluster haloes are less stable than those of galactic haloes over different radii. The enclosed mass within 50 or 150 kpc of all Phoenix haloes evolves substantially in the past ${\sim } 7$ Gyr, while galactic haloes remained stable during the same period. We suggest that the relatively younger and more active state explains the various observations of cluster haloes, especially in central regions.
Osimertinib-induced DNA resistance mutations in cerebrospinal fluid of epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients developing leptomeningeal metastases: Osimertinib Resistance Analysis-leptomeningeal metastases study
Authors: van der Wel J W Tijmen , Boelens Mirjam C , Jebbink Merel , Smulders Sietske A , Maas Klaartje W , Luitse Merel J A , Compter Annette , Boltjes Robin P B , Sol Nik , Monkhorst Kim , van den Broek Daan , Smit Egbert F , de Langen Adrianus J , Brandsma Dieta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) in epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive (EGFRm +) non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is challenging. We aimed to identify resistance mechanisms (RM) to osimertinib in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma.

Methods
EGFRm + patients with new or progressive LM during osimertinib were enrolled. NGS Ampliseq was performed on DNA isolated from CSF. Patients were prescribed osimertinib dose escalation (DE, 160 mg QD) following lumbar puncture. Clinical and radiological response was evaluated 4 weeks after osimertinib DE.

Results
Twenty-eight patients were included. The driver mutation was identified in 93% of CSF samples (n = 26). Seven (27%) harbored ≥1 RM. Twenty-five patients (89%) were prescribed osimertinib DE. Four weeks afterwards, symptoms improved in 5 patients, stabilized in 9 and worsened in 11 patients. Twenty-one (84%) patients underwent MR imaging. Four showed radiological improvement, 14 stabilization, and 3 worsening.

Conclusions
In 27% of patients, an RM was found in CSF ctDNA, none of which are targetable at the time of writing, and the clinical efficacy of osimertinib DE seems limited. There is much to gain in diagnostic as well as therapeutic strategies in EGFRm + NSCLC LM.
Interferon regulatory factor 8-driven reprogramming of the immune microenvironment enhances antitumor adaptive immunity and reduces immunosuppression in murine glioblastoma
Authors: Montoya Megan , Collins Sara A , Chuntova Pavlina , Patel Trishna S , Nejo Takahide , Yamamichi Akane , Kasahara Noriyuki , Okada Hideho 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) has a highly immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), largely mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Here, we utilized a retroviral replicating vector (RRV) to deliver Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8), a master regulator of type 1 conventional dendritic cell (cDC1) development, in a syngeneic murine GBM model. We hypothesized that RRV-mediated delivery of IRF8 could “reprogram” intratumoral MDSCs into antigen-presenting cells and thereby restore T-cell responses.

Methods
Effects of RRV-IRF8 on survival and tumor growth kinetics were examined in the SB28 murine GBM model. The immunophenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry and gene expression assays. We assayed functional immunosuppression and antigen presentation by ex vivo T-cell-myeloid co-culture.

Results
Intratumoral injection of RRV-IRF8 in mice bearing intracerebral SB28 glioma significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival. RRV-IRF8 treated tumors exhibited significant enrichment of cDC1s and CD8+ T-cells. Additionally, myeloid cells derived from RRV-IRF8 tumors showed decreased expression of the immunosuppressive markers Arg1 and IDO1 and demonstrated reduced suppression of naïve T-cell proliferation in ex vivo co-culture, compared to controls. Furthermore, DCs from RRV-IRF8 tumors showed increased antigen presentation compared to those from control tumors. In vivo treatment with azidothymidine (AZT), a viral replication inhibitor, showed that IRF8 transduction in both tumor and non-tumor cells is necessary for survival benefit, associated with a reprogrammed, cDC1- and CD8 T-cell-enriched TIME.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that reprogramming of glioma-infiltrating myeloid cells by in vivo expression of IRF8 may reduce immunosuppression and enhance antigen presentation, achieving improved tumor control.
Effect of bevacizumab on refractory meningiomas: 3D volumetric growth rate versus response assessment in neuro-oncology criteria
Authors: Faye Borenstein Sara , Eliahou Ruth , Amiel Alexandra , Talianski Alisa , Ofer Jonathan , Even-Haim Shaked , Kanner Andrew , Laviv Yosef , Limon Dror , Siegal Tali , Yust-Katz Shlomit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Meningiomas are the most common primary tumor in the central nervous system. About 15%–20% are aggressive and tend to recur and progress despite conventional treatment. Bevacizumab has been found to be effective in the treatment of refractory meningiomas in retrospective studies. The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria are widely used to assess the effect of treatment. Recent studies suggest that the 3D volumetric growth rate (3DVGR) may be more accurate for irregularly shaped tumors. The aim of this study was to compare these approaches.

Methods
Twenty patients with refractory meningiomas were treated with bevacizumab. Tumors were measured using the RANO criteria and 3DVGR before and after initiation of treatment by 2 radiologists using PACS and BRAIN LAB iPLAN software, respectively, findings were compared.

Results
A total of 46 lesions were included in the final analysis. Bevacizumab was shown to be effective by both assessment methods. According to RANO criteria, the rate of progression-free survival at 6 months was 47%. According to 3DVGR, all lesions were characterized by either a decrease in volume or stable growth after treatment initiation. A decrease in 3DVGR of 50% or more was found in 90% of lesions. In several patients, there were discordances between RANO criteria and 3DVGR.

Conclusions
Although RANO criteria are widely accepted for evaluation of response to treatment of meningiomas, 3DVGR seems to generate more precise measurements of irregularly shaped tumors. The results of this study offer important evidence that bevacizumab may be beneficial in treating refractory meningiomas.
Nutritional Interventions in Adult Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Zeraattalab-Motlagh Sheida , Ranjbar Mahsa , Mohammadi Hamed , Adibi Peyman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context
There is still debate regarding the effect of nutritional interventions in improving irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms.

Objectives
The aim was to examine the evidence certainty and validity of all existing meta-analyses of intervention trials on nutritional interventions in patients with IBS.

Data Sources
Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were reviewed until June 2023.

Data Extraction
Meta-analyses assessing the impacts of nutritional interventions in adults with IBS were entered. Effect sizes of nutritional interventions were recalculated by applying a random-effects model. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) was implemented to determine evidence certainty.

Results
A total of 175 trials in 58 meta-analyses were entered describing the effects of 11 nutritional interventions on IBS-related outcomes. Nutritional interventions had beneficial effects on some IBS-related outcomes. For instance, soluble fiber, peppermint oil, and aloe vera improved IBS symptoms, and vitamin D3 and curcumin improved IBS symptom severity. Tongxieyaofang improved abdominal pain severity and stool frequency. Nevertheless, these outcomes have mainly shown small effects and low to very low evidence certainty. With regard to abdominal pain after probiotic supplementation (relative risk [RR]: 4.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.36, 6.92; GRADE = moderate) and IBS symptoms after a low–fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet (RR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.93; GRADE = moderate), there was evidence that probiotics and a low-FODMAP diet can confer clinical and favorable effects.

Conclusion
The current review does not support nutritional interventions for improving IBS symptoms. With regard to probiotics and a low-FODMAP diet, considering limitations like short-term study duration, there was an influential clinical impact.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023429991.
Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Risks Among Patients With Culture-Proven Coccidioidomycosis Who Are Critically Ill: A Multicenter Study in an Endemic Region
Authors: Lim James , Scott Ashley M , Wig Rebecca , Tan Rachel V , Harnois Emily R , Zangeneh Tirdad T , Al-Obaidi Mohanad M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic mycosis in the southwestern United States. While most infections are mild, severe cases can be devastating. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and mortality risks of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with culture-proven coccidioidomycosis.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of patients in the ICU with positive Coccidioides spp culture in a large health care system in Arizona between 1 October 2017 and 1 July 2022. All data were entered into REDCap.

Results
An overall 145 patients were identified and included. The median age was 51 years, with the majority male (69%) and non-Hispanic White (39%). Most patients (n = 104, 72%) had pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, and 41 had extrapulmonary disease (17 meningitis, 13 fungemia, 10 musculoskeletal disease, and 4 pericardial or aortic involvement). Seventy patients (48%) died during hospitalization, and most (91%) received antifungal therapy during hospitalization. In the multivariate logistic regression model, age ≥60 years (odds ratio [OR], 7.0; 95% CI, 2.6–18.8), cirrhosis (OR, 13.1; 95% CI, 1.6–108.8), and mechanical ventilation or vasopressor support (OR, 15.4; 95% CI, 3.9–59.6) were independently associated with increased all-cause mortality, but pre-ICU antifungal use had a statistically insignificant mortality risk association (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, .2–1.2).

Conclusions
In our study of patients in the ICU with coccidioidomycosis and multiple comorbidities, the mortality rate was high. Older age, cirrhosis, and mechanical ventilation or vasopressor support were significantly associated with high mortality. Future studies are recommended to evaluate those risk factors and the efficacy of rapid diagnosis and early therapy in patients at high risk.
The state of British policymaking: How can UK government become more effective?
Authors: Cairney Paul , Boswell John , Ayres Sarah , Durose Catherine , Elliott Ian C , Flinders Matt , Martin Steve , Richardson Liz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
How can UK and devolved governments be more effective when addressing chronic problems like inequalities or crises like climate change? The dominant story is of pessimism: policymaking is bound to a Westminster tradition of short-termism, elitism, and centralization, and reform efforts are doomed to failure. We present a more cautiously optimistic account about the prospects for a more effective government, grounded in theory-informed lessons from two decades of UK and devolved government reform efforts. We describe a potentially more innovative and less blundering state and present a coherent Positive Public Policy agenda that can help to realize this potential.
Liberty, the Maria Luz Incident and the Liminal Legal Status of Chinese Indentured Labourers and Japanese Licensed Prostitutes
Authors: Mihalopoulos Bill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While covering the same ground as recent scholarship on the emancipatory potential of the Maria Luz incident, this article takes a radical departure, arguing that the background to the incident was British desire to disrupt the Macao trade in Chinese labour to Peru; that the legal focus of the ad hoc tribunals was not on any nascent human right to free the Chinese men and minors from being trafficked to Peru but on who owned and controlled their labour; and that the release of Japanese licensed prostitutes from their contracts was an unintended consequence of the legal fiction that the Japanese legal system was comparable with the principles of British common law.
The Jasmonic Acid Biosynthetic Genes SmLOX4 and SmLOX5 Are Involved in Heat Tolerance in Eggplant
Authors: Liu Renjian , Shu Bingbing , Wang Yuyuan , Feng Jiazhu , Yu Bingwei , Gan Yuwei , Liang Yonggui , Qiu Zhengkun , Yan Shuangshuang , Cao Bihao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
High-temperature stress (HTS) affects the growth and production of vegetable crops, including eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Jasmonic acid (JA) plays key roles in regulating resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Nonetheless, reports on the role of JA in heat tolerance in eggplant are rare. Herein, the effects of JA on heat tolerance in eggplant and the functions of the JA biosynthetic genes SmLOX4 and SmLOX5 were analyzed. The results showed that the JA content increased under high-temperature treatment (HTT) and exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment reduced the damage caused by HTT to eggplant. The expression of SmLOX4 and SmLOX5 was induced by HTT and significantly positively correlated with JA biosynthesis. SmLOX4 and SmLOX5 were localized in chloroplasts. The silencing of SmLOX4 and SmLOX5 by virus-induced gene silencing suppressed the heat tolerance of eggplant, whereas the overexpression of SmLOX4 and SmLOX5 enhanced the heat tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. JA content and the expression of JA signaling–related genes decreased in the SmLOX4- and SmLOX5-silenced plants but increased in the OE-SmLOX4 and OE-SmLOX5 transgenic plants. These results revealed that SmLOX4 and SmLOX5 improved eggplant heat tolerance by mediating JA biosynthesis and JA signaling pathways.