bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Identification of Some Bioactive Constituent and Isolation of Unknown Compound from Murraya paniculata Cultivated in Iraq
Authors: Zainab Ali Qasim  , Haseeb Khamees Amjed 
Published: February 2025

Murraya paniculata, sometimes known as orange Jessamine, is a significant decorative plant found in tropical and subtropical regions. It belongs to the Rutaceae family. The distribution of this species extends from South Asia to Australia. This plant possesses a multitude of applications in traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments. The plant demonstrates an extensive array of pharmacological actions, involving antinociceptive, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, and analgesic effects. This study aims to conduct Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Phytochemical investigation of some bioactive constituents, and isolation of new compounds from Iraqi Murraya paniculata. It is worth noting that no previous phytochemical survey has been conducted on this plant in Iraq. The entire plant underwent a process of defatting using n-hexane for 48 hours. The materials with reduced fat content were extracted using the hot technique (Soxhlet) in 85% methanol. Subsequently, the extract was fractionated employing solvents with varying polarity, such as petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. A preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted using established procedures. The petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions underwent high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis using authenticated standards. Preparative layer chromatography was employed to isolate a novel chemical from the chloroform fraction. The isolated compound was identified using FT-IR and 1HNMR. The initial tests suggest the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, coumarins, and other secondary metabolites. The chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses reveal the occurrence of various phytochemicals in different fractions of Murraya paniculata as follows: the petroleum ether fraction contains stigmasterol; the chloroform fraction contains aegeline and a newly isolated and identified alkaloid called severifoline; and the ethyl acetate fraction contains apigenin, auraptene, luteolin,5,7,3’,4’-tetramethoxy flavanone and methyl 2,5-dihydroxycinnamate. These findings will be of great value to phytochemists and pharmacologists in their future efforts to develop new active compounds from this plant, considering its notable pharmacological activity.
Effects of Flavonoid Fraction of Echinops Mosulensis on Induced Parkinson’s Disease Model in Mice
Authors: Asmaa Abdulwahab Ahmed  , Haitham Mahmood Kadhim  
Published: February 2025

Toxins, especially 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), are among the most commonly utilized models of Parkinson's disease (PD) based on the method utilized, MPTP causes different changes like striatal dopamine depletion , and behavioral abnormality. Phytochemical analysis of Echinops mosulensis extract indicated that there was significant amount of flavonoid present in extract. Flavonoids are belonging to several kinds of plant polyphenols exert a potent antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of present study was to investigate neuroprotective effect of flavonoid fractions of Iraqi Echinops mosulensis on induced PD model in mice. Forty male mice were randomly arrayed in 4 groups (10 mice in each group). Group 1: healthy normal control group received distilled water orally via gavage tube for 25 days. Group 2: induction group received MPTP (30mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days to achieved model of PD then continue with distilled water orally via gavage tube for 25 days. Group 3: the positive control group administered pramipexole orally (1mg/ kg/ day) for 25 days then the induction was done with MPTP (30mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally 1 hour post-pramipexole from day 15 to 19. Group 4: received flavonoid fraction orally (250 mg/kg/day) for 25 days then the induction was done with MPTP (30mg/kg/ day) intraperitoneally 1 hour post- flavonoid fraction form the day 15 to day 19. At the day 26, the behavior test was done and at the day 27 all animals were sacrificed. Homogenized brain tissue was prepared for analysis. In present study there was significant decreased in Malondialdehyde, interleukin -1beta, cytochrome C, α-synuclein levels of flavonoid fraction accompanied with significant increase in tyrosine hydroxylase level of flavonoid fraction as compared to induction (p≤0.05), as well as significant increase in distance traveled in treated group as compared to induction (p≤0.05) .Additionally, good improvement in histopathological analysis of treated group as compared to induction. In conclusion, flavonoid fraction of E. mosulensis has a neuroprotective effect on MPTP induced PD Model in Mice.
The Clinical Role of Inflammatory Chemokine RANTES (CCL5) in a Sample of COVID-19 Baghdad Province Patients
Authors: Zahra'a Abdul AL-Aziz Yousif  , Jabbar S. Hassan  , Ghaith H. Hameed  
Published: February 2025

COVID-19 disease is a clinical syndrome caused by an envelope RNA virus, called SARS-COV-2., which causes infection with wildly clinical pictures. Through COVID-19 infection several components of humoral and cellular immune response have an important role in the progression of the infection. Chemokines are one of the inflammatory mediators that play an essential role in the immune pathogenesis of COVID-19. It is secreted by respiratory virus-infected cells in the upper respiratory tract, causing stimulation and recruitment of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, NK, eosinophils, and macrophages from the bloodstream to the site of the infection. This study strives to determine the impact role of inflammatory mediator chemokine RANTES (CCL5) in COVID-19 Iraq patients. Blood samples collected from 180 individuals were enrolled in this study, 120 of them were patients infected with COVID-19 and verified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patients were categorized into two groups based on the severity of the disease, the severe group included 60 patients and the mild/moderate group included 60 patients also. Furthermore, 60 healthy individuals who were confirmed to be COVID-19-negative were enrolled in this study as a control group. The quantitative detection of CCL5 in human serum was done by the CCL5 Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay kit based on the principle of sandwich ELISA. This study showed that there were interesting highly significant differences (p<0.001) in the median serum level of CCL5 between all groups that participated in this study and there was a significant increase in the median level of CCL5 in control and mild-moderate groups versus severe patients’ group (66.66 pg/ml, and 54.04 pg/ml vs. 38.41 pg/ml respectively). According to the results of this study, the low level of CCL5 associated with COVID-19 severity infection could be used as a predictor marker for severity while the elevated level of CCL5 in control and mild-moderate suggested the elevated level of this chemokine is likely to be associated with the resolution of inflammation and recovery.
Synthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Pharmacological Evaluation of New Naproxen Containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol Derivatives
Authors: Ghanim Ali Mahdi  , Zainab Abdelhadi Dakhel  
Published: February 2025

Based on naproxen, in this study, a new series of 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-thiol derivatives was prepared through the esterification of the carbonyl group (of naproxen) using thionyl chloride as an auxiliary agent with methanol, and then naproxen hydrazide was made, to be obtained using (CS2) and a basic media convert it to the potassium salt of dithiocarbazate. It was oxidized with concentrated sulfuric acid to a compound containing the thiol thiadiazole ring, and finally, through an alkylation reaction, the final compounds were produced (Gh1, Gh2, Gh3, Gh4). These compounds were characterized using infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Then, the anti-inflammatory effectiveness was evaluated in vivo by inducing acute inflammation in laboratory rats with egg whites.
The compounds were successfully synthesized with a percentage yield approaching 70%, and it was discovered that they are effective in reducing the thickness of the paw edema of the tested rats and have an anti-inflammatory influence similar to the effect of the reference substance (naproxen) some compounds were more effective than naproxen at some trial times, as or compound (Gh1) at time (T7) after (5) hours of practical experience.
Molecular Docking, ADMET Study, Synthesis, Anti-inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Screening of New NSAIDs Conjugated with Gabapentin
Authors: Noor W. Saleh Rabee  , Tagreed N-A Omar  
Published: February 2025

The free –COOH of NSAIDs is thought to be one of the causes that responsible for the GI irritation associated ,in this study NSAIDs were conjugated with gabapentin through ester bond using chloroacetyl chloride as a spacer. The methodology of this work consist three steps: Gabapentin was reacted with para substituted benzaldehyde to protect the free amine group via converting it to imine (Schiff base) II(1a-b) , Esterification by the reaction of NSAID with chloroacetyl chloride to give the corresponding ester III , The reaction of III with II(1a-b) to give the final product III(1a-h). The structures of these compounds were confirmed and characterized by attenuated total reflectance -Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR ) ,1HNMR and physicochemical properties . In silico evaluation methods were done before synthesis through molecular docking via genetic optimization for ligand docking (Schrödinger) Suite software with COX-1 enzyme, the prepared compounds showed good activity against standard compounds, theoretically and experimentally. An ADMET analysis was performed to anticipate the pharmacokinetic properties of the final synthesized drugs and indicate that the final compounds contain drug-like features.Also the preliminary pharmacological Evaluation . Synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity, and show moderate to high inhibition against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and a high antifungal activity. The anti-inflammatory activity was also tested for the final compounds and it showed a good activity .
Formulation and Evaluation of Canagliflozin Self-nanomicellizing Solid Dispersion Based on Rebaudioside A for Dissolution and Solubility Improvement
Authors: Nizar Awish Jassem  , Shaimaa Nazar Abd Alhammid  
Published: February 2025

Self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion is a new formulation that combines the advantages of solid dispersion and nanomicelles strategies to increase drug oral bioavailability. The strategy involves utilizing a suitable carrier to create a solid dispersion that self-assembles into nanomicelles when it comes into contact with gastrointestinal fluids. Rebaudioside A is a steviol glycoside that has been reported to possess nano carrier-like characteristics by being self-assembled into nanomicelles in aqueous solutions. Canagliflozin is a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor approved for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Its oral administration is associated with variable and poor absorption, owing primarily to insolubility in aqueous media. This work aimed to develop canagliflozin self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion systems to overcome its pharmaceutical limitation and enhance oral bioavailability. The solvent evaporation method was selected to prepare a self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion system of canagliflozin. Rebaudioside A was chosen as a nanocarrier after screening several polymers for their ability to improve the solubility of canagliflozin by phase solubility study. The optimized formulations were characterized by solid-state analysis, dissolution studies, particle size distribution, and TEM. The study demonstrates that the self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion of canagliflozin, based on Rebaudioside A (FR5), has a 69.7 nm spherical particle size, stable distribution upon 20-fold dilution, and improved aqueous solubility by over 753.5-fold due to nanomicellization, as determined through scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, there is a significant enhancement of dissolution rate compared with the physical mixture (PM) and pure drugs, as indicated by higher values of f1 and lower values of f2, which are obtained. The optimized formula of canagliflozin self-nanomicellizing SD (FR5) dissolved well after 30 minutes and demonstrated higher dissolution efficiency (DE) than the intact canagliflozin and physical mixture. The DE% parameter confirms these findings (DE30,FR5 = 70.34%, DE30,PM = 21.91%, and DE30,pure drug = 18.28%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals mild interactions between the drug and the excipient due to hydrogen bonding, favoring the formation of a stable solid dispersion system with negligible chemical interactions. The study indicates that optimized canagliflozin self-nanomicellizing sold dispersion systems using rebaudioside A are promising methods for improving oral bioavailability.
Change in The Canadian Midwest: An Analysis of Land in Edmonton
Authors: Clark Matt 
Published: February 2025

In this paper, I analyse the usage and layout of land in Edmonton, its impacts on the city’s growth and future, and propose potential solutions to the city’s current problems. Zoning is one specific area that will cause the council many political issues in the coming years. In city planning, “zoning” refers to how cities divide land into areas called “zones.” These zones typically have different regulations regarding how developers can use land and what buildings they can build. Recently, outdated zoning laws have hindered Edmonton’s climate goals and development in urban areas, which I will show in this paper.
Even after zoning reform, the public remains concerned about the influence of big-money developers. However, Edmontonians are also uneasy about a more significant tax burden due to economic uncertainty. I propose regular 20-year zoning bylaw revisions, creating an inventory of unutilised and underutilised public land, and taking steps towards common land ownership. These solutions combine Edmonton’s future with current sustainability and development goals in mind. I also propose the creation of a land value tax and will show why it would be the most viable source of revenue for the city. This would reshape land ownership in Edmonton and Canada while boosting potential government resources.
PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN HERBISIDA YANG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Ilhamiyah Ilhamiyah , Zuraida Ana , Ash'ari Fuzi Maulana , Gazali Akhmad 
Published: February 2025

Permasalahan yang sering muncul dilingkungan Mitra adalah banyaknya gulma. Gulma pada pertanaman budidaya dapat menyebabkan terjadinya persaingan antara tanaman budidaya dengan gulma dalam penyerapan unsur hara, air, cahaya dan ruang tumbuh sehingga menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman serta menurunkan produksi tanaman. Petani dalam mengendalikan gulma selalu menggunakan herbisida kimia sintetik yang menyebabkan residu yang dapat mencemari lingkungan dan meracuni manusia atau hewan ternak. Selain itu, banyak petani yang mengeluh mahalnya harga herbisida sintetis ini, sehingga perlu dilakukan pembuatan herbisida yang ramah lingkungan terbuat dari bahan-bahan alami yang mudah didapatkan seperti air kelapa, bawang putih, ragi tape, dan EM4. Prioritas permasalah mitra adalah petani diberdayakan untuk dapat membuat herbisida yang ramah lingkungan dan harganya lebih murah karena herbisida terbuat dari bahan-bahan alami yang mudah didapatkan. Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat dengan skim Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat bertempat di Kelurahan Ulu Benteng Marabahan Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Khalayak sasaran yang mengikuti kegiatan ada 21 orang petani. Pelaksanaannya berjalan lancar dan kehadiran khalayak sasaran mencapai 100 % pada pertemuan pertama dan pada pertemuan kedua kehadiran menjadi 90.5 % Setelah kegiatan dilaksanakan ada peningkatan pengetahuan seputar pembuatan herbisida ramah lingkungan. Sebanyak 19 peserta sudah mampu membuat sendiri herbisida ramah lingkungan dan cara pengaplikasiannya.
SOSIALISASI STOP BULLYING (PERUNDUNGAN) DI MAN 2 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Munajah Munajah , Nurhayati Yati , Nahdhah Nahdhah , Septarina Muthia 
Published: February 2025

Bullying sering terjadi sekolah dan lingkungan sehari-hari. Aksi bullying memang bukan suatu perkara yang baru akan tetapi fenomena ini masih terjadi di lingkungan sekitar kita terutama sekolah bahkan memakan korban, yang mana berdampak pada fisik maupun psikis. Perilaku bullying bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Pasal 28B ayat 2 berbunyi “Menyatakan bahwa setiap anak berhak atas kelangsungan hidup, tumbuh dan berkembang serta berhak atas perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi” Kekerasan dan diskrimansi yang terjadi di sekolah tentunya bukan saja menghambat proses belajar mengajar akan tetapi juga akan menghambat perkembangan siswa. Pengaruh bullying yang kian masif tersebut mengisyaratkan bahwa bullying merupakan tindakan yang harus segera dicegah dengan cepat karena jika tidak segera dicegah dapat menyebabkan banyak sekali efek negatif lainnya. Cara untuk mencegah bullying adalah: pertama, optimalisasi peran orang tua atau wali. Orang tua/wali harus mempelajari karakter anak agar dapat mengantisipasi berbagai potensi intimidasi dan tindakan bullying menimpa anaknya. Selain intervensi orang tua dan guru, keyakinan diri anak pun perlu ditumbuhkan secara maksimal. Artinya, anak memiliki keyakinan yang positif akan dirinya serta sesamanya. Keyakinan diri ini akan memberinya pandangan baik terhadap sesama. Akan tetapi hal yang terkadang tidak disadari adalah perilaku bullying yang tidak terdeteksi baik guru maupun orang tua karena misdefinisi terhadap Bullying tersebut sehingga perilaku-perilaku yang dianggap lumrah namun sebenarnya bertentangan dengan peraturanperundangan terkait bullying oleh karena itu dengan adanya sosialisasi ini diharapkan akan meluruskan dan meminimalisir terjadinya bullying di sekolah. Selain itu pencegahan terhadap bullying bukan kegiatan temporary namun harus dilakukan secara terus-menerus.
PELATIHAN TEKNIS PENGGUNAAN SUPPLEMEN PAKAN (FEED SUPLEMENT) DAN IMBUHAN PAKAN (FEED ADDITIVE) DALAM PAKAN DI KELOMPOK TERNAK SUMBER JAYA CEMPAKA
Authors: Rostini Tintin , Zakir Muhammad Irwan , Irwangsa Ditza Pasca , Biyatmoko Danang 
Published: February 2025

Salah satu faktor penting dalam meningkatkan performa dan produktivitas ternak adalah ketersediaan pakan berkualitas yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi ternak secara efisien. Selain itu, penggunaan feed supplement dan feed additive telah terbukti mampu meningkatkan efisiensi pakan, memperbaiki performa pertumbuhan, serta menjaga kesehatan ternak. Tujuan PKM ini adalah untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dalam meningkatkan kemampuan kelompok ternak dalam teknis pemeliharaan ternak dengan menggunakan imbuhan pakan, baik feed additive maupun feed supplemen dan meningkatkan kemampuan pengelolaan unit usaha ternak kambing potong. Metode Pelaksanaan Pelatihan dilaksanakan dengan metode Presentasi: Materi disampaikan oleh narasumber yang ahli di bidang nutrisi ternak. Diskusi : Peserta berpartisipasi aktif dalam sesi tanya jawab dan diskusi kelompok. Praktek Lapangan : Peserta melakukan praktik langsung dalam pemilihan dan penambahan suplemen serta imbuhan pakan ke dalam pakan ternak sedangkan kegiatan awal dilakukan FGD dengan Kelompok. Hasil kegiatan PKm menunjukkan bahwa peternak memahami manfaat imbuhan pakan, seperti enzim, probiotik, dan antioksidan, yang dapat meningkatkan daya cerna, menjaga kesehatan usus, dan meningkatkan kekebalan ternak dan mampu membuat ransum pakan yang seimbang. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan imbuhan pakan dalam pakan ternak harus terus dipahami oleh peternak Key word : enzim, feed supplement, feed additive.probiotik
The impact of intracranial pressure monitoring in severe traumatic brain injury: results from the National Trauma Registry
Authors: Peled Anton , Kimchi Gil , Givon Adi , Gardner Raquel C. , Knoller Nachshon , Katorza Eldad , Cohen-Manheim Irit 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE
Intracranial pressure monitoring (ICPM) is a cornerstone procedure in the management of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Yet, its implementation is low and the impact on outcomes debated. The authors’ objective was to determine the association between ICPM and 1-year mortality in severe TBI.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the Israel National Trauma Registry (INTR) of severe TBI patients admitted to level I trauma centers from 2015 to 2021. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of 1-year mortality, adjusted for age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, other severe injuries (nonhead Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score ≥ 4), hypotension, and surgical decompression. The main outcome was 1-year mortality.

RESULTS
Of 2202 patients, 36.8% underwent insertion of ICPM. ICPM patients had a lower 1-year mortality rate (28.12% vs 33.60%, p = 0.015). Compared with ICPM, the adjusted odds of 1-year mortality of no ICPM were increased 1.2-fold (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.96–1.54). The effect size was greater among patients with head AIS score 5–6 and age 18–64 years (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.13–2.20) and age ≥ 65 years (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.04–3.55); the effect size of no ICPM in those with head AIS score 3–4 was decreased (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26–0.93).

CONCLUSIONS
A significant association between ICPM and lower 1-year mortality in the most severe TBI patients (head AIS score 5–6) who were ≥ 18 years of age was observed. The authors’ study supports the use of ICPM in severe TBI. The authors recommend more detailed reporting to best inform quality improvement programs on a national scale. This research contributes to the academic dialogue on TBI and the considerations for enhancing patient care.