bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery through Breast and Axillary Approach
Authors: Chand Gyan , Agarwal Amit 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Thyroid surgery was introduced since ages; it was initially started with large incision in the neck. Due to advancement in technology the minimally invasive surgery has been introduced for all organs. This technology is introduced in the thyroid surgery too. Different approaches have been established including minimally invasive video assisted, endoscopic, robotic and natural orifice thyroid surgery. Among these different approaches of endoscopic thyroid surgery, the breast and axillary approach is most acceptable and easy to perform. Here I am going to describe this technique of endoscopic thyroid surgery.

How to cite this article
Chand G, Agarwal A. Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery through Breast and Axillary Approach. World J Endoc Surg 2013;5(3):85-88.
Pancreatic Calcification in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Pradhan Roma , Gupta Sushil K 
Published: February 2014

How to cite this article
Pradhan R, Gupta SK, Neyaz Z, Agarwal A. Pancreatic Calcification in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. World J Endoc Surg 2013;5(3):89.
Late Neck Metastasis of Clear Cell Salivary Carcinoma of the Soft Palate
Authors: Rena Xu , Herr Marc William , Sadow Peter , Deschler Daniel 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionClear cell carcinoma is a rare form of salivary gland tumor, most commonly affecting the palate and tongue. We present a patient with cervical lymph node metastasis 28 years after treatment for clear cell salivary carcinoma of the soft palate.Case presentationA new neck mass was found in a 69-yearold man with a remote history of clear cell salivary carcinoma of the soft palate. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy demonstrated no evidence of malignancy; however, excisional biopsy revealed carcinoma. Neck dissection was performed and final pathologic review demonstrated clear cell salivary carcinoma metastatic to a cervical lymph node.DiscussionClear cell salivary carcinoma may be less indolent than previously believed. Metastases to cervical lymph nodes and distant sites have been reported in one-fourth of patients and can occur many years after treatment. Immunohistochemical staining is a valuable adjunct for differentiating clear cell carcinoma from other neoplasms that demonstrate clear cell components.ConclusionThis rare case of late neck metastasis after clear cell salivary carcinoma of the soft palate highlights the need for high clinical suspicion of recurrence many years after treatment and indicates the role of neck dissection for diagnosis and treatment in patients with possible nodal spread.How to cite this articleXu R, Herr MW, Sadow P, Deschler D. Late Neck Metastasis of Clear Cell Salivary Carcinoma of the Soft Palate. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(3):145-147.
Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Nasal Septum
Authors: Tejendrasingh Thakur Rahul , Laxmanrao Sonawale Sanjay Kumar 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPleomorphic adenoma is a common, benign tumor arising from the major salivary glands, most commonly from the parotid gland. In addition, they may also occur in the minor salivary glands of the hard and soft palate. Intranasal pleomorphic adenomas are unusual and may be misdiagnosed because they have greater myoepithelial cellularity and fewer myxoid stromata compared to those elsewhere. We report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal cavity arising from the nasal septum.How to cite this articleTejendrasingh TR, Laxmanrao SSK. Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Nasal Septum. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(3):151-153.
Ultrasound as a Useful Diagnostic Tool in the Follow-up of Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Klinge Kathleen , Mueller Andreas 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundUsing neck ultrasound to evaluate the status of the lymph nodes of a patient with a head and neck cancer is common practice but laryngeal ultrasound could help to receive more information of the tumor.Methods and resultsWe report a case of an initially T1a N0 M0 G2 R0 squamous-cell carcinoma of the right vocal cord. Despite regular follow-up, the relapse of the tumor remained undetected. The hypopharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy were performed. The tumor was evaluated with laryngeal ultrasound and to confirm the relapse of the tumor a MRI scan was performed. Endoscopically there was no obvious presence of the tumor. Laryngeal ultrasound facilitated the visualization of the tumor in good quality.Unfortunately, a total laryngectomy was necessary to treat the relapse of the squamous-cell carcinoma (T4a N0 (0/16) M0 G2 R0).ConclusionDespite careful follow-up via laryngoscopy a relapse of the laryngeal tumor was not visible. Using laryngeal ultrasound, the relapse might have been detected sooner.How to cite this articleKlinge K, Mueller A. Ultrasound as a Useful Diagnostic Tool in the Follow-up of Laryngeal Carcinoma. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(3):154-156.
Pleomorphic Lipoma: A Rare Tumor in the Retropharyngeal Space
Authors: Rangappa Vidya Bhushan , Suresh Raghavendra , Manikantan Kapila 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTLipomas are benign tumors arising from fat cells. Occurrence of lipoma in retropharyngeal space is very rare entity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of pleomorphic lipoma being reported in the retropharyngeal space. They are usually asymptomatic until they are of large size. We report a case of a large pleomorphic lipoma in the retropharyngeal space, with emphasis on the clinical characters and histologic characteristics of the lesion. These tumors are best managed surgically by a transcervical approach.How to cite this articleRangappa VB, Suresh R, Manikantan K, Balasubramanya AM. Pleomorphic Lipoma: A Rare Tumor in the Retropharyngeal Space. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(3):187-189.
Is the Emotional Memory Effect Sensitive to Encoding Instructions and the Passage of Time?
Authors: Broderick Tyler , Pilotti Maura , Sena-Jaramillo Anastacia 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This study examined whether the emotional memory effect (i.e., superior recall for emotionally arousing events relative to neutral events) is sensitive to encoding instructions focusing participants’ attention on denotation, connotation, or surface information and on the passage of time. Participants encoded taboo and neutral words under one type of instructions and then performed a free recall task after a variable delay. Attention to denotation negatively affected the emotional memory effect. Time elapsed from encoding weakened recall of neutral words but not of emotional words. These findings suggest that although attentional control can influence the emotional memory effect, distinctiveness can shield retrieval of taboo words from the passage of time.
Measuring Perceived Mental Workload in Children
Authors: Laurie-Rose Cynthia , Frey Meredith , Ennis Aristi , Zamary Amanda 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Little is known about the mental workload, or psychological costs, associated with information processing tasks in children. We adapted the highly regarded NASA Task Load Index (NASATLX) multidimensional workload scale (Hart and Staveland, 1988) to test its efficacy for use with elementary school children. We developed 2 types of tasks, each with 2 levels of demand, to draw differentially on resources from the separate subscales of workload. In Experiment 1, our participants were both typical and school-labeled gifted children recruited from 4th and 5th grades. Results revealed that task type elicited different workload profiles, and task demand directly affected the children’s experience of workload. In general, gifted children experienced less workload than typical children. Objective response time and accuracy measures provide evidence for the criterion validity of the workload ratings. In Experiment 2, we applied the same method with 1st- and 2nd-grade children. Findings from Experiment 2 paralleled those of Experiment 1 and support the use of NASA-TLX with even the youngest elementary school children. These findings contribute to the fledgling field of educational ergonomics and attest to the innovative application of workload research. Such research may optimize instructional techniques and identify children at risk for experiencing overload.
Observations and preliminary science results from the first 100 sols of MSL Rover Environmental Monitoring Station ground temperature sensor measurements at Gale Crater
Authors: Hamilton Victoria E. , Vasavada Ashwin R. , Sebastián Eduardo , de la Torre Juárez Manuel , Ramos Miguel , Armiens Carlos , Arvidson Raymond E. , Carrasco Isaías , Christensen Philip R. , De Pablo Miguel A. , Goetz Walter , Gómez‐Elvira Javier , Lemmon Mark T. , Madsen Morten B. , Martín‐Torres F. Javier , Martínez‐Frías Jesús , Molina Antonio , Palucis Marisa C. , Rafkin Scot C. R. , Richardson Mark I. , Yingst R. Aileen , Zorzano María‐Paz 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe describe preliminary results from the first 100 sols of ground temperature measurements along the Mars Science Laboratory's traverse from Bradbury Landing to Rocknest in Gale. The ground temperature data show long‐term increases in mean temperature that are consistent with seasonal evolution. Deviations from expected temperature trends within the diurnal cycle are observed and may be attributed to rover and environmental effects. Fits to measured diurnal temperature amplitudes using a thermal model suggest that the observed surfaces have thermal inertias in the range of 265–375 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2, which are within the range of values determined from orbital measurements and are consistent with the inertias predicted from the observed particle sizes on the uppermost surface near the rover. Ground temperatures at Gale Crater appear to warm earlier and cool later than predicted by the model, suggesting that there are multiple unaccounted for physical conditions or processes in our models. Where the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) descent engines removed a mobile layer of dust and fine sediments from over rockier material, the diurnal temperature profile is closer to that expected for a homogeneous surface, suggesting that the mobile materials on the uppermost surface may be partially responsible for the mismatch between observed temperatures and those predicted for materials having a single thermal inertia. Models of local stratigraphy also implicate thermophysical heterogeneity at the uppermost surface as a potential contributor to the observed diurnal temperature cycle.
Receipt of Glucocorticoid Monotherapy Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yazdany Jinoos , Tonner Chris , Schmajuk Gabriela , Lin Grace A. , Trivedi Amal N. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveUsing disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) improves outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is a nationally endorsed quality measure. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of receiving glucocorticoids alone for the treatment of RA in a nationwide sample of Medicare beneficiaries.MethodsAmong individuals ages ≥65 years with RA enrolled in the Part D prescription drug benefit in 2009, we compared those with ≥1 DMARD claim to those receiving glucocorticoid monotherapy, defined as no DMARD claim and an annual glucocorticoid supply of ≥180 days or an annual dose of ≥900 mg of prednisone or equivalent. We fit multivariable models to determine the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with glucocorticoid monotherapy.ResultsOf 8,125 beneficiaries treated for RA, 10.2% (n = 825) received glucocorticoids alone. Beneficiaries with low incomes were more likely to receive glucocorticoids alone (12.3%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 10.9–13.8% versus 9.4%; 95% CI 8.6–10.1%), as were those living in certain US regions. More physician office visits and hospitalizations were associated with glucocorticoid monotherapy. Individuals who had no contact with a rheumatologist were significantly more likely to receive glucocorticoids alone (17.5%; 95% CI 16.0–19.0% versus 8.5%; 95% CI 7.4–9.5% for those with no rheumatology visits versus 1–4 visits).ConclusionApproximately 1 in 10 Medicare beneficiaries treated for RA received glucocorticoids without DMARDs in 2009. Compared to DMARD users, glucocorticoid users were older, had lower incomes, were more likely to live in certain US regions, and were less likely to have seen a rheumatologist, suggesting persistent gaps in quality of care despite expanded drug coverage under Part D.
Seasonal variation in basal metabolic rates among the yakut (Sakha) of Northeastern Siberia
Authors: Leonard W.R. , Levy S.B. , Tarskaia L.A. , Klimova T.M. , Fedorova V.I. , Baltakhinova M.E. , Krivoshapkin V.G. , Snodgrass J.J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives: Previous research has shown that indigenous circumpolar populations have elevated basal metabolic rates (BMRs), yet few studies have explored whether metabolic rates increase during the winter. This study addresses this gap by examining seasonal variation in BMR and its associations with thyroid function and lifestyle factors among the Yakut (Sakha) of Siberia.Methods: Anthropometric dimensions, BMR, and thyroid hormone levels (free triiodothyronine [fT3], free thyroxine [fT4], thyroid‐stimulating hormone [TSH]) were measured on two occasions (July/August, 2009 and January 2011) on a sample of 94 Yakut (Sakha) adults (35 men, 59 women) from the rural village of Berdygestiakh, Sakha Republic, Russia.Results: Seasonal changes in BMR varied by age. Younger Yakut adults (19–49 years) showed significant elevations in winter‐time BMR of 6% (P < 0.05), whereas older individuals (≥50 years) showed modest declines (2%; n.s.). Both younger and older Yakut men and women showed increased respiratory quotients during the winter. FT3 and fT4 levels significantly declined during the winter in both younger and older Yakut men and women (P < 0.05). Lifestyle factors were significant predictors of BMR variation, particularly among older men and women.Conclusions: Among the Yakut, increased wintertime BMR was observed among younger but not older adults, whereas all adults showed sharp reductions in free thyroid hormone levels during the winter. Among men, greater participation in subsistence activities was associated with increased BMRs and greater fat oxidation. Among women, variation in food use had the strongest impact on metabolic function. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:437–445, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly Chemoselective Aerobic Oxidation of Amino Alcohols into Amino Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Sasano Yusuke , Nagasawa Shota , Yamazaki Mai , Shibuya Masatoshi , Park Jaiwook , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe direct oxidation of unprotected amino alcohols to their corresponding amino carbonyl compounds has often posed serious challenges in organic synthesis and has constrained chemists to adopting an indirect route, such as a protection/deprotection strategy, to attain their goal. Described herein is a highly chemoselective aerobic oxidation of unprotected amino alcohols to their amino carbonyl compounds in which 2‐azaadamantane N‐oxyl (AZADO)/copper catalysis is used. The catalytic system developed leads to the alcohol‐selective oxidation of various unprotected amino alcohols, carrying a primary, secondary, or tertiary amino group, in good to high yield at ambient temperature with exposure to air, thus offering flexibility in the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing compounds.
An Antiaromatic Electrode‐Active Material Enabling High Capacity and Stable Performance of Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Shin Ji‐Young , Yamada Tetsuya , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Awaga Kunio , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough aromatic compounds occupy a central position in organic chemistry, antiaromatic compounds have demonstrated little practical utility. Herein we report the application of an antiaromatic compound as an electrode‐active material in rechargeable batteries. The performance of dimesityl‐substituted norcorrole nickel(II) complex (NiNC) as a cathode‐active material was examined with a Li metal anode. A maximum discharge capacity of about 207 mAhg−1 was maintained after 100 charge/discharge cycles. Moreover, the bipolar redox property of NiNC enables the construction of a Li metal free rechargeable battery. The high performance of NiNC batteries demonstrates a prospective feature of stable antiaromatic compounds as electrode‐active materials.
Three‐Component Asymmetric Catalytic Ugi Reaction—Concinnity from Diversity by Substrate‐Mediated Catalyst Assembly
Authors: Zhao Wenjun , Huang Li , Guan Yong , Wulff William D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe first chiral catalyst for the three‐component Ugi reaction was identified as a result of a screen of a large set of different BOROX catalysts. The BOROX catalysts were assembled in situ from a chiral biaryl ligand, an amine, water, BH3⋅SMe2 , and an alcohol or phenol. The catalyst screen included 13 different ligands, 12 amines, and 47 alcohols or phenols. The optimal catalyst system (LAP 8‐5‐47) provided α‐amino amides from an aldehyde, a secondary amine, and an isonitrile with excellent asymmetric induction. The catalytically active species is proposed to be an ion pair that consists of the chiral boroxinate anion and an iminium cation.
Double Transfer of Chirality in Organocopper‐Mediated bis(Alkylating) Cycloisomerization of Enediynes
Authors: Campolo Damien , Arif Tanzeel , Borie Cyril , Mouysset Dominique , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Naubron Jean‐Valère , Bertrand Michèle P. , Nechab Malek 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn original synthesis of chiral benzofulvenes triggered by organocopper reagents is reported. These enantiopure products are available through a highly chemo‐, regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective bis(alkylating) cycloisomerization process. A double chirality transfer (central‐to‐axial‐to‐central) is observed.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Disubstituted Furans
Authors: Wysocki Jędrzej , Ortega Nuria , Glorius Frank 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn enantioselective hydrogenation of disubstituted furans has been developed by using a chiral ruthenium catalyst with N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands. This reaction converts furans into valuable enantioenriched disubstituted tetrahydrofurans.
Proline‐Tetrazole‐Catalyzed Enantioselective N‐Nitroso Aldol Reaction of Aldehydes with In Situ Generated Nitrosocarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Maji Biplab , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA highly enantioselective method (up to 98 % ee) for the preparation of β‐amino alcohols was achieved by using the readily available proline‐tetrazole as the catalyst for the N‐nitroso aldol reaction of aldehydes with in situ generated nitrosocarbonyl compounds. The key to success of this reaction is the use of MnO2 as an oxidant and catechol as a Brønsted acid additive.
Plasminogen Is a Joint‐Specific Positive or Negative Determinant of Arthritis Pathogenesis in Mice
Authors: Raghu Harini , Jone Alice , Cruz Carolina , Rewerts Cheryl L. , Frederick Malinda D. , Thornton Sherry , Degen Jay L. , Flick Matthew J. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveA fundamental metric in the diagnosis of arthropathies is the pattern of joint involvement, including differences in proximal versus distal joints and patterns of symmetric or asymmetric disease. The basis for joint selectivity among arthritides and/or within a defined disease such as rheumatoid arthritis remains enigmatic. Coagulation and fibrinolytic activity are observed in both experimental animals with inflammatory joint disease and patients with inflammatory arthritis. However, the contribution of specific hemostatic factors to joint disease is not fully defined. We sought to determine the contribution of the fibrinolytic protease, plasminogen, to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–driven arthritis in distinct joints in mice.MethodsThe impact of plasminogen and/or fibrinogen genetic deficiencies on arthritis progression was evaluated in Tg197 mice genetically predisposed to spontaneous, nonabating, and erosive polyarthritis due to exuberant human TNFα expression.ResultsElimination of plasminogen in Tg197 mice significantly exacerbated the incidence and severity of arthritis within the paw joints, but simultaneously and dramatically diminished the entire spectrum of pathologies within the knee joints of the same animals. These opposing outcomes were both mechanistically linked to fibrin(ogen), in that superimposing fibrinogen deficiency reversed both the proarthritic phenotype in the paws and arthritis resistance in the knees of plasminogen‐deficient mice. Intriguingly, the change in disease severity in the knees, but not the paws, was associated with a plasminogen‐dependent reduction in matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity.ConclusionPlasminogen is a key molecular determinant of inflammatory joint disease capable of simultaneously driving or ameliorating arthritis pathogenesis in distinct anatomic locations in the same subject.
Histomorphologic and Histomorphometric Characteristics of Zygapophyseal Joint Remodeling in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Bleil Janine , Maier Rene , Hempfing Axel , Schlichting Uwe , Appel Heiner , Sieper Joachim , Syrbe Uta 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo unravel the mechanisms that control bony ankylosis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsHistomorphologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed on zygapophyseal joints obtained from 18 patients with AS, 9 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and 10 cadaver donors without a rheumatic disease (controls). The proteoglycan content of the cartilage was determined by Safranin O staining and the chondrocyte apoptosis according to caspase 3 expression.ResultsAS joints were categorized into 3 groups according to the morphology of the joint surfaces and joint space: group 1 were joints with an open joint space, group 2 were joints with cartilaginous fusion, and group 3 were joints with bony fusion of the joint surfaces. Progressive loss of the joint space from group 1 joints to group 3 joints suggests that this grouping corresponds to sequential stages of joint remodeling. Cartilage thickness and subchondral bone plate thickness declined from group 1 to group 3 (P < 0.01). Increased chondrocyte apoptosis rates were found in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05), while in group 3, a reduction in the proteoglycan content was found (P < 0.001). Bone marrow replacement and invasion of the subchondral bone plate by fibrous tissue was found predominantly in AS joints in group 2.ConclusionCartilage degeneration, indicated by cartilage thinning, enhanced chondrocyte apoptosis, and proteoglycan loss, and subchondral bone thinning, promoted by invasion of the subchondral bone plate by a fibrous tissue originating from the bone marrow, are hallmarks of joint remodeling in AS.