bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly‐Boron, ‐Silicon, and ‐Gallium Lewis Acids by Hydrometallation of 1,5‐ and 1,8‐Dialkynylanthracenes
Authors: Lamm Jan‐Hendrik , Horstmann Jan , Nissen Jan H. , Weddeling Jan‐Henrik , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract1,5‐Dialkynylanthracenes and 1,8‐dialkynylanthracenes have been functionalised by a series of hydrometallation reactions, namely, hydrosilylation, hydroboration and hydrogallation. Nine anthracene‐based Lewis acidic compounds with a semiflexible organic framework bearing SiCl3, SiCl2Me, SiClMe2, B(C6F5)2 and GaCl2 substituents were obtained. In all cases, the substrate could be functionalised twice, and bidentate Lewis acids were obtained. By using Piers' borane [HB(C6F5)2], a fourfold‐substituted anthracene species functionalised with four extremely electronegatively substituted boron atoms could be generated in quantitative yield. All of the poly‐Lewis acids were characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and, in part, by mass spectrometry and X‐ray diffraction experiments.
One‐Pot Sequential Schmidt and Ritter Reactions for the Synthesis of N‐tert‐Butyl Amides
Authors: Hazarika Nabajyoti , Baishya Gakul 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe first example of the direct conversion of benzaldehydes into their corresponding N‐tert‐butyl amides through a Schmidt reaction/Ritter reaction sequence is described. A reagent mixture consisting of NaN3 and HBF4·OEt2 in acetic acid efficiently reacts with aromatic and conjugated (α,β‐unsaturated) aldehydes to produce nitrile derivatives, which in situ undergo a Ritter reaction with tert‐butyl acetate to afford the corresponding N‐tert‐butyl amides in almost quantitative yields. The method needs no column chromatography purification. The wide substrate scope as well as the ready availability of the reagent system also make this protocol convenient.
Forecasting with a DSGE Model of a Small Open Economy within the Monetary Union
Authors: Marcellino Massimiliano , Rychalovska Yuliya 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper we lay out a two‐region dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model of an open economy within the European Monetary Union. The model, which is built in the New Keynesian tradition, contains real and nominal rigidities such as habit formation in consumption, price and wage stickiness as well as rich stochastic structure. The framework also incorporates the theory of unemployment, small open economy aspects and a nominal interest rate that is set exogenously by the area‐wide monetary authority. As an illustration, the model is estimated on Luxembourgish data. We evaluate the properties of the estimated model and assess its forecasting performance relative to reduced‐form model such as vector autoregression (VAR). In addition, we study the empirical validity of the DSGE model restrictions by applying a DSGE‐VAR approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of two doses of glucose and a caffeine–glucose combination on cognitive performance and mood during multi‐tasking
Authors: Scholey Andrew , Savage Karen , O'Neill Barry V. , Owen Lauren , Stough Con , Priestley Caroline , Wetherell Mark 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundThis study assessed the effects of two doses of glucose and a caffeine–glucose combination on mood and performance of an ecologically valid, computerised multi‐tasking platform.Materials and methodsFollowing a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomised, parallel‐groups design, 150 healthy adults (mean age 34.78 years) consumed drinks containing placebo, 25 g glucose, 60 g glucose or 60 g glucose with 40 mg caffeine. They completed a multi‐tasking framework at baseline and then 30 min following drink consumption with mood assessments immediately before and after the multi‐tasking framework. Blood glucose and salivary caffeine were co‐monitored.ResultsThe caffeine–glucose group had significantly better total multi‐tasking scores than the placebo or 60 g glucose groups and were significantly faster at mental arithmetic tasks than either glucose drink group. There were no significant treatment effects on mood. Caffeine and glucose levels confirmed compliance with overnight abstinence/fasting, respectively, and followed the predicted post‐drink patterns.ConclusionThese data suggest that co‐administration of glucose and caffeine allows greater allocation of attentional resources than placebo or glucose alone. At present, we cannot rule out the possibility that the effects are due to caffeine alone Future studies should aim at disentangling caffeine and glucose effects. © 2014 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydrofuran‐3‐carbonitrile Derivatives with Electron‐Rich Alkenes in the Presence of Manganese(III) Acetate
Authors: Yllmaz Mehmet , Burgaz E. Vildan , Yakut Mehtap , Biçer Emre 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRadical cyclization reactions mediated by manganese(III) acetate were carried out with ν‐excessive alkenes (2a‐d) and 3‐oxopropanenitriles (1a‐f) resulting in the formation of 3‐cyano‐4,5‐dihydrofuran derivatives in poor to high yields. A mechanism was proposed for the cyclization reaction. The significance of the study is the formation of the 3‐cyano‐4,5‐dihydrofuran derivatives resembling terfuran, 2‐(2‐thienyl)furan and 2‐(2‐benzofuryl)furyl compounds having the fluorescent properties due to a conjugated ν‐electron system particularly containing the cyano moeity.
On ‐Cocyclic Hadamard Matrices
Authors: Álvarez Víctor , Gudiel Félix , Belén Güemes Maria 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA characterization of ‐cocyclic Hadamard matrices is described, depending on the notions of distributions, ingredients, and recipes. In particular, these notions lead to the establishment of some bounds on the number and distribution of 2‐coboundaries over to use and the way in which they have to be combined in order to obtain a ‐cocyclic Hadamard matrix. Exhaustive searches have been performed, so that the table in p. 132 in A. Baliga, K. J. Horadam, Australas. J. Combin., 11 (1995), 123–134 is corrected and completed. Furthermore, we identify four different operations on the set of coboundaries defining ‐cocyclic matrices, which preserve orthogonality. We split the set of Hadamard matrices into disjoint orbits, define representatives for them, and take advantage of this fact to compute them in an easier way than the usual purely exhaustive way, in terms of diagrams. Let be the set of cocyclic Hadamard matrices over having a symmetric diagram. We also prove that the set of Williamson‐type matrices is a subset of of size .
Optimisation of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of natural antioxidants from mustard seed cultivars
Authors: Szydłowska‐Czerniak Aleksandra , Tułodziecka Agnieszka , Karlovits György , Szłyk Edward 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDModified mustard varieties can produce edible oil with reduced amounts of erucic acid and glucosinolates and enhanced antioxidant potential. Therefore, this work focused on the optimisation of the ultrasound‐assisted extraction of compounds with high antioxidant capacity from three white mustard seed cultivars using response surface methodology.RESULTSThe predicted optimum solvent polarity (57.2, 56.5 and 57.6) and ultrasound power‐to‐sonication time ratio (4.5, 4.8 and 4.3 W min−1) resulted in antioxidant capacities determined by the ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay [54.37, 65.75 and 68.55 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE) kg−1] and the 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method (141.65, 175.26 and 185.10 mmol TE kg−1) and total phenolics content (23.70, 27.16 and 11.29 mg sinapic acid g−1) for extracts obtained from one traditional and two modified mustard seed varieties. The highest FRAP and DPPH values (69.51 and 197.73 mmol TE kg−1) revealed 50% methanolic extract prepared from modified mustard seed cultivar without erucic acid and glucosinolates treated with ultrasound for 30 min (ultrasound power/ultrasound time = 4 W min−1).CONCLUSIONUltrasound‐assisted extraction was found to be a more rapid, convenient and appropriate extraction method with higher yield of antioxidants, shorter time and lower solvent consumption in comparison to conventional extraction. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis isolated from three pig farms of China obtained by acquiring antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Huang Jinhu , Shang Kexin , Kashif Jam , Wang Liping 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcquiring antibiotic resistance genes may change an organism's genetic characteristics and the effect of antibiotics, resulting in a rapid transmission of microbial pathogens. The objectives of this experiment were to identify the features of Streptococcus suis (S. suis) isolated from three pig farms in China which are geographically isolated.RESULTSAmong the isolates, 56.52% were sequence type 7 (ST7), followed by ST1 (26.09%), indicating that ST7 prevails in China, as revealed by multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST). Statistical analysis indicated an association between geography, sequence types and antibiotic resistance genotypes. 66.67% of the isolates in Sichuan province presented a (ermB− + mefA− + tetO− + tetM−) + ST7 type. The tetM++ST7 type was the most prevalent in Jiangsu province, whereas the strains from Hebei province had a phenotype ermB++tetO++ST1 (63.64%). Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PGFE) pattern A2 with 100% similarity reflected the clonal dissemination between Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces. Strains carrying or not carrying antibiotic resistance genes presented different PFGE patterns in Hebei province.CONCLUSIONST7 is widespread in many regions of China and a clonal dissemination occurred between Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces in diseased pigs. However, ST1 strains with macrolide and tetracycline resistance (ermB++tetO++ST1) isolated from a farm in Hebei province demonstrated that the genetic diversity was contributed by horizontal acquiring of ermB and tetO carrying elements. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Dietary supplementation of Gracilariopsis persica is associated with some quality related sera and egg yolk parameters in laying quails
Authors: Abbaspour Behnam , Davood Sharifi S , Mohammadi‐Sangcheshmeh Abdollah 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDGracilariopsis persica (Gp) is one of the most abundant red algae distributed in the Persian Gulf, containing various bioactive components with hypolipedimic, hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties. Therefore using laying quails as a model we aimed to investigate the effect of dietary Gp on body weight, feed conversion, estradiol, progesterone, calcium and lipid levels in serum, as well as the high‐density:low‐density lipoprotein (HDL:LDL) ratio. Yolk cholesterol and yolk lipid oxidation were also evaluated. To accomplish this, diets containing 0, 10, 30 and 50 g kg−1 Gp were fed to 5‐week‐old laying quails for 12 weeks.RESULTSOur data revealed that Gp had no effect on body weight, feed conversion, triglycerides and estradiol levels of serum. Dietary Gp decreased the serum and yolk cholesterol in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, the sera progesterone and calcium levels and HDL:LDL ratios were increased by feeding diets containing 50 g kg−1 Gp. Our results relating to yolk lipid oxidation showed that malondialdehyde content was decreased in Gp‐fed laying quails.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the present study demonstrate that not only serum and egg yolk cholesterol levels, but also susceptibility of yolk lipids to oxidation, can be decreased by feeding Gp to laying quails. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Dissociation and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Blevins Christy A. , Weathers Frank W. , Witte Tracy K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe fifth edition ofDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM‐5; American Psychiatric Association,) contains a dissociative subtype for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) characterized by significant depersonalization and derealization. In this study the PTSD dissociative subtype was examined using latent profile analysis in a sample of 541 trauma‐exposed college students. Items from the PTSD Checklist and Multiscale Dissociation Inventory were used as latent class indicators. Results supported a 3‐class solution including a well‐adjusted class, a PTSD class, and a PTSD/dissociative class characterized by elevated symptoms of PTSD, depersonalization, and derealization. Significant class differences were found on a number of measures of related psychopathology with Cohen'sdeffect size estimates ranging from 0.04 to 1.86. Diagnostic and treatment implications regarding the dissociative subtype are discussed.
Versatile Raman fiber laser for sodium laser guide star
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jiang Huawei , Cui Shuzhen , Hu Jinmeng , Feng Yan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRobust high‐power narrow‐linewidth lasers at 589 nm are required for sodium laser guide star adaptive optics in astronomy. A high‐power 589 nm laser based on Raman fiber amplifier is reported here, which works in both continuous‐wave and pulsed formats. In the continuous‐wave case, the laser produces more than 50 W output. In the pulsed case, the same laser produces square‐shaped pulses with tunable repetition rate (500 Hz to 10 kHz) and duration (1 ms to 30 μs). The peak power is as high as 84 W and remains constant during the tuning. The laser also emits an adjustable sideband at 1.71 GHz away from the main laser frequency for better sodium excitation. The versatility of the laser offers much flexibility in laser guide star application.
Synthesis of Novel Sustainable Oligoamides Via Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactams Based on (−)‐Menthone
Authors: Winnacker Malte , Vagin Sergei , Auer Verena , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: July 2014

In the context of novel sustainable and structurally significant building blocks for polymer science, the synthetic routes are described to new oligoamide structures based on the terpenoid ketone (−)‐menthone. The basic concept is an oxime formation of this cyclic ketone followed by the Beckmann rearrangement, resulting in the corresponding lactams. These lactams are polymerized under anionic or acid‐catalyzed conditions (ring‐opening polymerization (ROP)) to give alkyl‐substituted and stereocenter containing oligoamide scaffolds that are assumed to be suitable for further copolymerizations and modifications and thus for a wide range of different applications. The regio‐ and the stereochemistry of the formed oximes and lactams as well as their impact on the polymerization behavior is discussed.
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Amyloid‐beta (Aβ1–42)‐induced paralysis in Caenorhabditis elegans is inhibited by the polyphenol quercetin through activation of protein degradation pathways
Authors: Regitz Charlotte , Marie Dußling Lisa , Wenzel Uwe 
Published: July 2014

ScopeDietary polyphenols are suggested to play a role in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease, of which accumulation of aggregated beta amyloid (Aβ) is a key histopathological hallmark. We used the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain CL2006, which expresses human Aβ1–42 under control of a muscle‐specific promoter and responds to Aβ1–42 aggregation with paralysis, to test effects of the polyphenol quercetin on the phenotype.Methods and resultsQuercetin dose‐dependently decreased the amount of aggregated proteins in solution and also paralysis in CL2006. The knockdown of key components of unfolded protein response in mitochondria or the endoplasmic reticulum by RNA‐interference (RNAi) enhanced paralysis in CL2006 but did not prevent the paralysis reducing activities of quercetin. RNAi for essential members of proteasomal protein degradation or macroautophagy also significantly increased paralysis but prevented quercetin from being effective. Quercetin increased proteasomal activity and, moreover, enhanced the flow of proteins through the macroautophagy pathway as reflected by reduced lysosome staining.ConclusionThe proteostasis network, including unfolded protein response, defines the aggregation of Aβ1–42 and the associated paralysis phenotype in a nematode model for Alzheimer's disease. The polyphenol quercetin, by specifically activating macroautophagy and proteasomal degradation pathways, proved able to prevent Aβ1–42 agregation and paralysis.
Punicalagin inhibits neuroinflammation in LPS‐activated rat primary microglia
Authors: Olajide Olumayokun A. , Kumar Asit , Velagapudi Ravikanth , Okorji Uchechukwu P. , Fiebich Bernd L. 
Published: July 2014

ScopeIn this study, the effects of punicalagin on neuroinflammation in LPS‐activated microglia were investigated.Methods and resultsThe ability of punicalagin to reduce the production of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and prostaglandin E2 was measured in culture medium using enzyme immunoassay. TNF‐α and IL‐6 gene expression in mouse hippocampal slices was measured with PCR. cyclooxygenase‐2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 protein and mRNA were evaluated with Western blotting and PCR, respectively. Further experiments to investigate effects of punicalagin on protein expressions of inflammatory targets were also determined with Western blotting. Pretreatment of rat primary microglia with punicalagin (5–40 μM) prior to LPS (10 ng/mL) stimulation produced a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and prostaglandin E2 production. Punicalagin completely abolished TNF‐α and IL‐6 gene expression in LPS‐stimulated hippocampal slices. Protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase‐2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 were also reduced by punicalagin pretreatment. Results show that punicalagin interferes with NF‐κB signalling through attenuation of NF‐κB‐driven luciferase expression, as well as inhibition of IκB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 subunit in the microglia.ConclusionThese results suggest that punicalagin inhibits neuroinflammation in LPS‐activated microglia through interference with NF‐κB signalling, suggesting its potential as a nutritional preventive strategy in neurodegenerative disorders.
Long term safety of sacral nerve modulation in medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Chughtai Bilal , Sedrakyan Art , Isaacs Abby , Lee Richard , Te Alexis , Kaplan Steven 
Published: July 2014

AimsSacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is FDA approved as second‐line therapy for both urinary and bowel control. However, there is limited evidence regarding long term safety. We determined adverse events associated with SNS among Medicare beneficiaries.MethodsWe used the 5% national random sample of Medicare claims for 2001–2011 to identify patients. Patients who underwent SNS implantation were identified with Current Procedure Terminology (CPT‐4) codes. We determined safety of SNS using analysis of complication occurrences on day of surgery and during 5 years following initial procedure. SAS v9.3 statistical package was used.ResultsOne thousand four hundred seventy‐four patients underwent treatment with SNS in the 5% national sample of Medicare patients within the time period. Representative of real‐world patients undergoing SNS surgery, comorbidities included hypertension (69.3%), diabetes (29.4%), chronic pulmonary disease (25.5%), hypothyroidism (25.2%), and depression (22.7%). Few complications occurred on day of surgery. At 90 days, 3.2% of patients had bowel complications, 2.0% urological, 9.4% infectious, and 1.5% stroke. Overall, bowel, neurological health event occurrences were consistent with prior year rates, while infectious events decreased. Of 206 patients who were followed for at least 5 years, 17.3% had devices removed and 11.3% replaced, with 26.1% having at least one of those, leaving 73.9% with original devices.ConclusionsUrological, infectious, and bowel complication occurrences were low after SNS among Medicare beneficiaries with multiple comorbidities. There were infrequent serious complications like hemorrhage and stroke postoperatively. Although SNS appears safe in this high‐risk population, a comprehensive registry will ensure continuous safety. Neurourol. Urodynam. 34:???–???, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A combined fluid–structure interaction and multi–field scalar transport model for simulating mass transport in biomechanics
Authors: Yoshihara L. , Coroneo M. , Comerford A. , Bauer G. , Klöppel T. , Wall W. A. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYMass transport processes are known to play an important role in many fields of biomechanics such as respiratory, cardiovascular, and biofilm mechanics. In this paper, we present a novel computational model considering the effect of local solid deformation and fluid flow on mass transport. As the transport processes are assumed to influence neither structure deformation nor fluid flow, a sequential one‐way coupling of a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) and a multi‐field scalar transport model is realized. In each time step, first the non‐linear monolithic FSI problem is solved to determine current local deformations and velocities. Using this information, the mass transport equations can then be formulated on the deformed fluid and solid domains. At the interface, concentrations are related depending on the interfacial permeability. First numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed approach is suitable for simulating convective and diffusive scalar transport on coupled, deformable fluid and solid domains. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of polyethylene spacer length in polymeric electrolytes on gelation of ionic liquids and ionogel properties
Authors: Nagasawa Jun'ichi , Wakahara Sonoko , Matsumoto Hajime , Kihara Hideyuki , Yoshida Masaru 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPolymer electrolytes containing N,N′‐(trans‐cyclohexane‐1,4‐diyl)dibenzamide linkages, polyethylene ((CH2)m, m = 2, 4, 10) spacers, and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (TFSA) or bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (FSA) counteranions (polymer abbreviation: CDBAm•X; m = 2, 4, 10; X = TFSA, FSA) have been synthesized, adding to our previous report (m = 6). In addition, their ability to effect the gelation of six ionic liquids and the properties of the resulting ionogels have been examined. The polymers, except for CDBA10•TFSA, effect the gelation for all ionic liquids used in this study at fairly low concentrations (0.9–50 g/L). Ionogel ionic conductivity is not dependent on the spacer length, but does decrease slightly as increasing amounts of the gelatinizer are introduced. In contrast to ionic conductivity, the temperatures at which these ionogels transition into isotropic fluids is dependent on the spacer length; the gel composed of [EMI][FSA] and 100 g/L of CDBA6•FSA transforms at 120 °C, while the gel composed of [EMI][FSA] and 5 g/L of CDBA2•FSA does not transform into a sol even when temperatures become 155 °C. In brief, ionogel heat resistance can be improved by changing the spacer length of the polyelectrolyte. Finally, it has been determined using cyclic voltammetry that the potential window of the polyelectrolytes is particularly wide, ranging from −1.6 to 2.5 V. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 249–255