bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitability of raw and heat-treated Amaranthus spinosus in broiler diets: Effects on growth performance, meat antioxidant capacity, haemato-biochemical parameters, intestinal histomorphometry, and cecal volatile fatty acid profile
Authors: Gebeş Emre Sunay , Yalçın Sakine , Ramay Muhammad Shazaib , Ünal Akın , Filikçi Kürşat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the effects of incorporating amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus, either raw or heat-treated) into broiler diets on growth performance, meat antioxidant capacity, haemato-biochemical parameters, intestinal histomorphometry, and cecal volatile fatty acid profile. A total of 210 male Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design, with each treatment comprising six replicates of seven birds each. The control group received a diet based on maize and soybean meal, while the remaining dietary groups were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric to the control, with exact levels of 10% and 20% raw or heat-treated amaranth in the diet. Body weight and feed intake were monitored on days 0, 10, 24, and 39 of the study. On day 39, two birds per replicate were randomly selected for blood sampling, followed by slaughtering for further parameter examination. Incorporating A. spinosus up to 20% in broiler diets had no adverse effect on body weight gain compared to the control. However, higher levels of amaranth led to a negative impact on the feed conversion ratio, attributed to increased feed intake. Furthermore, amaranth supplementation did not negatively influence carcass yield or various organ weights, except for the gizzard, which was heavier in the amaranth-fed groups. Notably, amaranth supplementation reduced abdominal fat, enhanced meat antioxidant status, and had no detrimental effects on blood biochemical or hematological indices. Additionally, amaranth feeding resulted in decreased blood triglyceride levels but had no effect on cholesterol levels. While heat treatment of amaranth did not significantly alter the performance of broiler chickens, it enhanced the beneficial effects of amaranth feeding on the histomorphological features of the duodenum and ileum, and increased blood IgG levels. The cecal volatile fatty acid profile remained largely unaffected by amaranth inclusion, although heat-treated amaranth led to increased levels of branched-chain fatty acids and valerate. Overall, the findings suggest A. spinosus as a promising alternative feed ingredient for broilers when included at 10% of the diet. However, further research is needed to investigate the effect of various amaranth species, processing methods and enzyme supplementation on poultry nutrition to expand its inclusion rate.
How methods to assess land-use changes influence the resulting global warming potential and cost of optimized diets: a case study on Danish pigs applying life cycle assessment methodology
Authors: Gislason Styrmir , Bruun Thomas Sønderby , Wirsenius Stefan , Birkved Morten , Singh Chandrakant , Udesen Finn , Maresca Alberto 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Meeting the demands of a growing and increasingly affluent population necessitates a deeper understanding of the environmental and economic implications of production. This implication is most relevant in key production sectors including agriculture and livestock. This article is intended to provide an understanding of the influence of methods of assessing land-use change (LUC) with respect to minimizing both the global warming potential (GWP) and the monetary costs of pig feed formulation.

Methods
Feed mixtures intended for slaughter pigs were generated for minimal cost and GWP impacts by applying four differing LUC assessment methods. The objective function was the Danish slaughter pig feed unit, minimized for cost in Danish crowns (DKK), with GWP impacts constrained in multiple steps. Attributional LCA methodology was applied using the Agri-footprint 6.3 database, with GWP impacts calculated excluding land use changes, including direct land-use changes and including the carbon opportunity cost. Analyses of the functional relationship between the optimal cost and the GWP impact were conducted, followed by a comparative LCA of the cost of comparable feed mixture by applying two sets of functional units: 100 slaughter pig feed units and 1 kg of pig live weight.

Results and discussion
A similar relationship between cost and GWP impact was observed across all methods, although variability of GWP impact magnitude depending on method was observed. Reducing at an equivalent cost, GWP reduction ranged from 5.6 to 27% based on the pig feed functional unit, and 2.4 to 13% based on the pig live weight functional unit. Optimizing feed mixtures for GWP impacts resulted in significantly increased contributions to other impact categories, including a 56% increase in terrestrial ecotoxicity. Despite the increased contributions to other impact categories, all optimized feed mixtures achieved a reduction in endpoint indicators and single score. Endpoint reductions to the feed unit were 2.3–25% for ecosystem damage, 7.4–15% for human health, and 6.0–16% based on a single score value.

Conclusions
The findings emphasize the key importance of addressing LUC when optimizing the GWP of agri-food production. Suggestions are provided for areas of improvement in future optimization studies applying a dietary unit as the objective function, including additional midpoint impact categories and/or extended optimization covering whole areas of protection. The findings suggest that GWP impacts may be reduced at no additional cost if included or embedded in the pig feed formulation procedure.
Leveraging feature selection for enhanced fall risk prediction in elderly using gait analysis
Authors: Altunkaya Sabri 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is no effective fall risk screening tool for the elderly that can be integrated into clinical practice. Developing a system that can be easily used in primary care services is a current need. Current studies focus on the use of multiple sensors or activities to achieve higher accuracy. However, multiple sensors and activities reduce the availability of these systems. This study aims to develop a system to perform fall prediction for the elderly by using signals recorded from a single sensor during a short-term activity. A total of 168 features in the time and frequency domains were created using acceleration signals obtained from 71 elderly people. The features were weighted based on the ReliefF algorithm, and the artificial neural networks model was developed using the most important features. The best classification result was obtained using the 17 most important features of those weighted for K = 20 nearest neighbors. The highest accuracy was 82.2% (82.9% Sensitivity, 81.6% Specificity). The partially high accuracy obtained in our study shows that falling can be detected early with a sensor and a simple activity by determining the right features and can be easily applied in the assessment of the elderly during routine follow-ups.
Graphical Abstract
An analogue of the Blaschke–Santaló inequality for billiard dynamics
Authors: Tsodikovich Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Blaschke–Santaló inequality is a classical inequality in convex geometry concerning the volume of a convex body and that of its dual. In this work we investigate an analogue of this inequality in the context of a billiard dynamical system: we replace the volume with the length of the shortest closed billiard trajectory. We define a quantity called the “billiard product” of a convex body K, which is analogous to the volume product studied in the Blaschke–Santaló inequality. In the planar case, we derive an explicit expression for the billiard product in terms of the diameter of the body. We also investigate upper bounds for this quantity in the class of polygons with a fixed number of vertices.
Role of fiber orientation and design on thermal and mechanical properties of natural composite
Authors: Prasanthi P. Phani , Ramacharyulu D. Atchuta , Babu K. Sivaji , Madhav V. V. Venu , Chaitanya Ch. Sri , Saxena Kuldeep K. , Revathi V. , Abduvalieva Dilsora , Bandhu Din 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The study focuses on exploring the mechanical and thermal properties of natural bagasse fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites. Young’s modulus of these composites was determined through tests involving varied orientations of bagasse fibers. Experimental findings were then correlated with analytical models. Thermal conductivity was predicted using simulation studies aided by Micromechanics and Finite Element methods. Finite Element outcomes were cross-referenced with analytical data to validate the FE models. At 10% weight fraction of bagasse fiber, the maximum elasticity modulus of the composite increases significantly by approximately 88% when aligned at 0° orientations, compared to the 90° orientation. Similarly, there's a noteworthy 67% improvement compared to the 45° orientation, maintaining the same bagasse fiber weight fraction. Longitudinal thermal conductivity increased with higher bagasse fiber weight fractions, while transverse thermal conductivity remained relatively constant despite changes in fiber volume. About 98% of the decrement in transverse thermal conductivity is observed compared to longitudinal conductivity at all the percentages of the fiber considered for the study. These findings underscore the significant impact of bagasse fiber orientation on both effective elasticity and thermal conductivity within these fiber-based structures.
Identification of PANoptosis-relevant subgroups and predicting signature to evaluate the prognosis and immune landscape of patients with biliary tract cancer
Authors: Liu Dongming , Chen Wenshuai , Han Zhiqiang , Wang Yu , Liu Wei , Ling Aomei , Wu Qiang , Li Huikai , Guo Hua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
This study conducted molecular subtyping of biliary tract cancer patients based on 19 PANoptosis-related gene signatures.

Methods
Through consensus clustering, patients were categorized into two subtypes, A and B. By integrating multi-omics data and clinical information from different cohorts, we elucidated the association between different subtypes of biliary tract cancer and patient prognosis, which correlated with the immune infiltration characteristics of patients.

Results
LASSO regression analysis was performed on the 19 gene signatures, and we constructed and validated a 9-gene risk score prognostic model that accurately predicts the overall survival rate of different biliary tract cancer patients. Additionally, we developed a predictive nomogram demonstrating the clinical utility and robustness of our model. Further analysis of the risk score-based immune landscape highlighted potential associations with immune cell infiltration, chemotherapy, and immune therapy response.

Conclusion
Our study provides valuable insights into personalized treatment strategies for biliary tract cancer, which are crucial for improving patient prognosis and guiding treatment decisions in clinical practice.
Migrant Work Conditions and Health Status—A Longitudinal Study on ‘Dirty Work’ Among Undocumented and Newly Regularized Workers
Authors: Lenko Mariya , Refle Jan-Erik , Burton-Jeangros Claudine , Fakhoury Julien , Consoli Liala , Jackson Yves 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMigrant workers, particularly undocumented migrants, may be constrained to accept ‘dirty work’. This term refers to poorly paid jobs with long working hours and significant exposure to various risks, potentially affecting their health. While many scholars discuss the health-related risks associated with these work conditions, empirical quantitative evidence is scarce regarding their direct effects on health among undocumented and newly regularized migrants. Consequently, we have formulated the following research question: Does ‘dirty work’ have an influence on the self-rated health of undocumented and newly regularized migrants over time? To answer this question, we utilized a dataset collected during an exceptional regularization procedure in the Swiss Canton of Geneva. Through surveys conducted across four waves, we demonstrate the direct and indirect effects of work conditions on migrants’ health using both random effects and fixed effects models. Our operationalization of ‘dirty work’ reveals that exposure to physically demanding positions has a direct, negative impact on migrants’ self-rated health. This result holds independently of the development of chronic health conditions over time. Our study confirms the existence of a relationship between occupational risks and health and underscores the significance of residence status in this context.
Individualisation and individualised science across disciplinary perspectives
Authors: Kaiser Marie I. , Killin Anton , Abendroth Anja-Kristin , Back Mitja D. , Baune Bernhard T. , Bilstein Nicola , Breitmoser Yves , Caspers Barbara A. , Gadau Jürgen , Gossmann Toni I. , Kaiser Sylvia , Krüger Oliver , Kurtz Joachim , Lengersdorf Diana , Malsch Annette K. F. , Müller Caroline , Rauthmann John F. , Reinhold Klaus , Richter S. Helene , Stummer Christian , Trappes Rose , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia , Wittmann Meike J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent efforts in a range of scientific fields have emphasised research and methods concerning individual differences and individualisation. This article brings together various scientific disciplines—ecology, evolution, and animal behaviour; medicine and psychiatry; public health and sport/exercise science; sociology; psychology; economics and management science—and presents their research on individualisation. We then clarify the concept of individualisation as it appears in the disciplinary casework by distinguishing three kinds of individualisation studied in and across these disciplines: IndividualisationONE as creating/changing individual differences (the process that generates differences between individuals: intrapopulation or intraspecific variation/heterogeneity); IndividualisationTWO as individualising applications (the tailoring or customising of something—information, treatment, a product or service, etc.—for an individual or specific group of individuals); and IndividualisationTHREE as social changes influencing autonomy, risk, and responsibilities (the process discussed under the rubric of sociological individualisation theory). Moreover, we analyse conceptual links between individualisation and individuality, and characterise different sorts of individuality that the disciplines study. This paper aims to promote interdisciplinary research concerning individualisation by establishing a common conceptual-theoretical basis, while leaving room for disciplinary differences.
Grant chaser and revenue raiser: public school principals and the limitations of philanthropic funding
Authors: Rowe Emma , Di Gregorio Elisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper draws on survey and interview data with public school principals, in order to examine the impact of philanthropy in public schools in Australia. As a result of systemic government funding deficits, school principals are applying for competitive grants from a diverse range of sources. This includes non-government organisations such as charities and businesses, as well as competitive government grants to pay for important resourcing in the school. We focus on what we refer to as ‘philanthropic grant chasing’ in public schools as reported by school principals, paying attention to their involvement with the registered charity Australian Schools Plus, one of the first government-subsidised charities that enables businesses and corporations to donate to public schools for a tax deduction. Public school principals expressed dilemmas and ambivalences regarding philanthropy, regarding it as a ‘double-edged sword’. The vast majority rejected the idea of philanthropy as a long-term solution or remedy for systemic issues of under-funding. We found that philanthropic grants were conditional, and imposed excessive accountability and performative measures on principals, with interviewees describing the process as onerous, with ‘too many strings attached’. Competitive philanthropic grants were also found to intensify principal workload. This paper points to how competitive philanthropic grants, and the necessity to generate additional funding, has a detrimental impact on leaders’ workload, time, and long-term school resourcing. It is remodelling the expertise of the principal to grant chaser and revenue raiser. Whilst philanthropic organisations frequently claim otherwise, we argue that philanthropy exacerbates rather than redresses educational equity.
Performance of high sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) improved with microcrystalline cellulose and 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose for proton exchange membranes
Authors: Moussa Mohamed Amine Ben , Ahmed Zakarya , Charradi Khaled , Fraj Boutheina Ben , Boufi Sami , Koschella Andreas , Heinze Thomas , Keshk Sherif M. A. S. , Assaker Ibtissem Ben 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) has received substantial attention for its potential to improve the electrochemical behavior and thermomechanical capabilities of direct methanol fuel cells. This study examines how the integration by solution casting of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) onto highly sulfonated PEEK (with a sulfonation degree of 80%) affects its physicochemical properties and morphological structures. The mechanical attributes and proton conductivity of the polymer matrix are impacted by MCC and DAC inclusion into SPEEK membrane. The maximum proton conductivity was seen in the SPEEK/MCC membranes at 70 °C (up to 0.1 S cm−1). The proton conductivity in methanol vapor was increased by SPEEK/DAC membranes at high temperatures as opposed to pristine SPEEK and SPEEK/MCC membranes.
Comparison of functional performance outcomes between oral patented crystalline glucosamine sulfate and platelet-rich plasma among knee osteoarthritis patients: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Amarase Chavarin , Tanavalee Aree , Ngarmukos Srihatach , Tanavalee Chotetawan , Jaruthien Nonn , Somrak Pakpoom , Tantavisut Saran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Among the medications used to treat knee osteoarthritis (OA), oral patented crystalline glucosamine sulfate (pCGS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have become popular alternatives to painkillers or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although studies have shown that pCGS and PRP improve clinical outcomes, no study has compared outcomes between these optional treatments. We compared functional performance outcomes from baseline to the 1-year follow-up (FU) between oral pCGS and PRP in patients with knee OA.

Materials and methods
Three hundred eighty-two patients receiving oral pCGS and 122 patients receiving PRP injections were enrolled for a review of functional performance outcomes, including a five-time sit-to-stand test (5xSST), time up-and-go test (TUGT), and 3-minute walk distance test (3MWDT). The patients were followed up for one year. The pCGS group received 1500 mg daily, whereas the PRP group received 2 cycles of intra-articular injections at week 0 and week 6. Using propensity score matching based on age, sex, height, weight, BMI, and Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) classification, all three functional performance outcomes were compared between the baseline (pretreatment), 6-week, 12-week, 24-week, and 1-year FUs.

Results
With a ratio of 2:1 (pCGS: PRP), 204 patients in the pCGS group were matched with 102 patients in the PRP group. Compared with the baseline levels, the PRP group showed significant improvements in 5xSST and TUGT outcomes from 6 weeks and significant improvements in 3MWDT outcomes from 12 weeks, whereas the pCGS group showed significant improvements in TUGT outcomes from 6 weeks and significant improvements in 5xSST and 3MWDT outcomes from 12 weeks. At the 24-week and 1-year FU, both groups showed significant improvements in all three functional performance tests without adverse events.

Conclusions
Although the PRP group showed faster improvements in 5xSST outcomes at six weeks, from the 12-week to 1-year FU, both the pCGS and PRP groups showed significant improvements in 5xSST, TUGT, and 3MWDT outcomes. As the use of PRP is more complicated and invasive than the use of oral pCGS, the benefits and drawbacks of selecting PRP over pCGS in knee OA treatment should be examined.
Intrinsic capacity and recent falls in adults 80 years and older living in the community: results from the ilSIRENTE Study
Authors: Cacciatore Stefano , Marzetti Emanuele , Calvani Riccardo , Picca Anna , Salini Sara , Russo Andrea , Tosato Matteo , Landi Francesco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Falls in older adults significantly impact overall health and healthcare costs. Intrinsic capacity (IC) reflects functional reserve and is an indicator of healthy aging.

Aims
To explore the association between IC and recent falls (≤ 90 days) in community-dwelling octogenarians from the Aging and Longevity in the Sirente geographic area (IlSIRENTE) study.

Methods
The Minimum Data Set for Home Care (MDS−HC) and supplementary questionnaires and tests were used to assess the five IC domains: locomotion, cognition, vitality, psychology, and sensory. Scores in each domain were rescaled using the percent of maximum possible score method and averaged to obtain an overall IC score (range 0−100).

Results
The study included 319 participants (mean age 85.5 ± 4.8 years, 67.1% women). Mean IC score was 80.5 ± 14.2. The optimal IC score cut-off for predicting the two-year risk of incident loss of at least one activity of daily living (ADL) was determined and validated in a subset of 240 individuals without ADL disability at baseline (mean age 84.7 ± 4.4 years, 67.1% women). Participants were then stratified into low (< 77.6) and high (≥ 77.6) IC categories. Those with high IC (63.9%) were younger, more often males, and had lower prevalence of recent falls, disability, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy. Logistic regression models including IC as a continuous variable revealed a significant association between higher IC and lower odds of falls. This association was significant in the unadjusted (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–0.98, p < 0.001), age- and sex-adjusted (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.98, p < 0.001), and fully adjusted models (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99, p = 0.003). When considering IC as a categorical variable, unadjusted logistic regression showed a strong association between high IC and lower odds of falls (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.16–0.60, p < 0.001). This association remained significant in both the age- and sex-adjusted (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.15–0.59, p < 0.001) and fully adjusted models (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.16–0.82, p = 0.007). The locomotion domain was independently associated with falls in the unadjusted (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99, p < 0.001), age- and sex-adjusted (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, p < 0.001), and fully adjusted model (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, p < 0.001).

Discussion
This is the first study using an MDS−HC-derived instrument to assess IC. Individuals with higher IC were less likely to report recent falls, with locomotion being an independently associated domain.

Conclusions
Lower IC is linked to increased odds of falls. Interventions to maintain and improve IC, especially the locomotion domain, may reduce fall risk in community-dwelling octogenarians.