bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The curvilinear effect of environmental, social, and governance performance on stock price crash risk in China
Authors: Zhou Xiaohua , Yang Yi , Zhang Haitao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the concept of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) gaining traction worldwide, firms are becoming increasingly transparent about their ESG practices to enhance their legitimacy. This study draws on signaling theory, stakeholder theory, and opportunism theory, and uses panel data from Chinese A‐share listed firms from 2009 to 2022. It identifies a U‐shaped relationship between ESG performance and stock price crash risk, indicating that the increase in ESG performance decreases stock price crash risk, but after reaching a threshold value, it increases the risk. Green innovation moderates this U‐shaped relationship, reinforcing its effects. Meanwhile, earnings management plays a mediating role in this U‐shaped relationship. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that the U‐shaped relationship is significant in polluting industries, firms without the duality of chairperson and CEO, firms with high analyst coverage, and those under high market competition. The moderating effect of green innovation is particularly significant in firms with poor external legal environments and firms with positive management tone. Our findings provide novel insights and recommendations for policymakers, managers, and stakeholders to develop effective ESG policies.
A before after control impact experiment on a historically fished seagrass (Zostera marina) bed
Authors: Breen Patricia , Ó Cuaig Macdara , Guilfoyle Fergal , Hannon Colin , Tully Oliver 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSeagrasses are considered to be globally important for carbon sequestration and they provide a range of ecosystem services. However, they are also known to be vulnerable to various anthropogenic activities, not least bottom contacting fishing gears such as dredging and potting. We set out to test the effects of dredge fishing, in early spring and potting in late summer, in a historically fished but considered “pristine” seagrass meadow on the west coast of Ireland. We found that despite dredging and potting pressures, growth of seagrasses was driven by seasonal changes in light and temperature and that neither fishing activity had any effect on rhizome weight or shoot or blade densities during the growing season. We hypothesize that it is possible for fishing to co‐occur with seagrass if fishing activities are restricted to winter or early spring, before the main seagrass growing season, and/or if particular types of gear, such as the traditional gears described here are used. High levels of dredging and potting had positive increases in the count of both sessile and mobile epifauna suggesting that for mobile species at least, they may take advantage of post‐fishing scavenging opportunities.
Liraglutide enhances insulin secretion and prolongs the remission period in adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (the NewLira study): A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Dejgaard Thomas F. , Frandsen Christian S. , Kielgast Urd , Størling Joachim , Overgaard Anne J. , Svane Maria S. , Olsen Markus Harboe , Thorsteinsson Birger , Andersen Henrik U. , Krarup Thure , Holst Jens J. , Madsbad Sten 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo test the effect of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, on residual beta‐cell function in adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsIn a multicentre, double‐blind, parallel‐group trial, adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and stimulated C‐peptide of more than 0.2 nmol/L were randomized (1:1) to 1.8‐mg liraglutide (Victoza) or placebo once daily for 52 weeks with 6 weeks of follow‐up with only insulin treatment. The primary endpoint was the between‐group difference in C‐peptide area under the curve (AUC) following a liquid mixed‐meal test after 52 weeks of treatment.ResultsSixty‐eight individuals were randomized. After 52 weeks, the 4‐hour AUC C‐peptide response was maintained with liraglutide, but decreased with placebo (P = .002). Six weeks after end‐of‐treatment, C‐peptide AUCs were similar for liraglutide and placebo. The average required total daily insulin dose decreased from 0.30 to 0.23 units/kg/day with liraglutide, but increased from 0.29 to 0.43 units/kg/day in the placebo group at week 52 (P < .001). Time without the need for insulin treatment was observed in 13 versus two patients and lasted for 22 weeks (from 3 to 52 weeks) versus 6 weeks (from 4 to 8 weeks) on average for liraglutide and placebo, respectively. Patients treated with liraglutide had fewer episodes of hypoglycaemia compared with placebo‐treated patients. The adverse events with liraglutide were predominantly gastrointestinal and transient.ConclusionsTreatment with liraglutide improves residual beta‐cell function and reduces the dose of insulin during the first year after diagnosis. Beta‐cell function was similar at 6 weeks postliraglutide treatment.
The impact of comment letters on audit fees: Evidence from spillover effect
Authors: Wu Wuqing , Zhang Huixuan , Shan Yuan George 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study examines whether comment letters have spillover effects on audit fees. By examining listed companies in China, we find that the frequency of comment letters received by peer firms is positively associated with focal firms' audit fees. The spillover effect is stronger when companies have the same audit firm as their peers and the comment letter is longer, asks more questions, is more negative, or contains more risk information. Furthermore, the effect is more pronounced (weaker) for companies with higher growth (audited by Big Four audit firms). Our findings suggest that comment letters have regulatory effectiveness, which influences companies' and auditors' behavior on a large scale.
Cross‐modal sensitivities to auditory and visual stimulations in the first‐order somatosensory thalamic nucleus
Authors: Kimura Akihisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL), being categorized as the first‐order thalamic nucleus, is considered to be dedicated to uni‐modal somatosensory processing. Cross‐modal sensory interactions on thalamic reticular nucleus cells projecting to the VPL, on the other hand, suggest that VPL cells are subject to cross‐modal sensory influences. To test this possibility, the effects of auditory or visual stimulation on VPL cell activities were examined in anaesthetized rats, using juxta‐cellular recording and labelling techniques. Recordings were obtained from 70 VPL cells, including 65 cells responsive to cutaneous electrical stimulation of the hindpaw. Auditory or visual alone stimulation did not elicit cell activity except in three bi‐modal cells and one auditory cell. Cross‐modal alterations of somatosensory response by auditory and/or visual stimulation were recognized in 61 cells with regard to the response magnitude, latency (time and jitter) and/or burst spiking properties. Both early (onset) and late responses were either suppressed or facilitated, and de novo cell activity was also induced. Cross‐modal alterations took place depending on the temporal interval between the preceding counterpart and somatosensory stimulations, the intensity and frequency of sound. Alterations were observed mostly at short intervals (< 200 ms) and up to 800 ms intervals. Sounds of higher intensities and lower frequencies were more effective for modulation. The susceptibility to cross‐modal influences was related to cell location and/or morphology. These and previously reported similar findings in the auditory and visual thalamic nuclei suggest that cross‐modal sensory interactions pervasively take place in the first‐order sensory thalamic nuclei.
Fatigue life prediction of notched components based on energy gradient using reconstructed critical distance theory
Authors: Lu Jumei , Liu Jianhui , Zhou Fei , Pan Xuemei , Kou Wenjun , Li Youtang , Wu Shengchuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a reasonable explanation is given to unify notch effect and geometric size effect into notch geometric feature effect (NGFE), and energy gradient is utilized to depict the influence of the NGFE on the critical distance. The correlation of energy gradient with critical distance and fatigue life is discussed respectively. The weight index of the high energy region is used to quantify the contribution of the high energy region to the fatigue damage. Finally, a model of the reconstructed critical distance theory considering the geometric notch characteristic effect is established. The fatigue test of Q355 (D) alloy steel notched components was carried out, and the evaluation precision of the presented method is compared with Yang’ model and Shen’ model combining with the existing fatigue test data of En8. The results indicate that prediction results of the proposed method are consistent with the test results.
AI‐powered visual diagnosis of vulvar lichen sclerosus: A pilot study
Authors: Gottfrois Philippe , Zhu Jie , Steiger Alexandra , Amruthalingam Ludovic , Kind Andre B. , Heinzelmann Viola , Mang Claudia , Navarini Alexander A. , Mueller Simon M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundVulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition associated with significant impairment of quality of life and potential risk of malignant transformation. However, diagnosis of VLS is often delayed due to its variable clinical presentation and shame‐related late consultation. Machine learning (ML)‐trained image recognition software could potentially facilitate early diagnosis of VLS.ObjectiveTo develop a ML‐trained image‐based model for the detection of VLS.MethodsImages of both VLS and non‐VLS anogenital skin were collected, anonymized, and selected. In the VLS images, 10 typical skin signs (whitening, hyperkeratosis, purpura/ecchymosis, erosion/ulcers/excoriation, erythema, labial fusion, narrowing of the introitus, labia minora resorption, posterior commissure (fourchette) band formation and atrophic shiny skin) were manually labelled. A deep convolutional neural network was built using the training set as input data and then evaluated using the test set, where the developed algorithm was run three times and the results were then averaged.ResultsA total of 684 VLS images and 403 non‐VLS images (70% healthy vulva and 30% with other vulvar diseases) were included after the selection process. A deep learning algorithm was developed by training on 775 images (469 VLS and 306 non‐VLS) and testing on 312 images (215 VLS and 97 non‐VLS). This algorithm performed accurately in discriminating between VLS and non‐VLS cases (including healthy individuals and non‐VLS dermatoses), with mean values of 0.94, 0.99 and 0.95 for recall, precision and accuracy, respectively.ConclusionsThis pilot project demonstrated that our image‐based deep learning model can effectively discriminate between VLS and non‐VLS skin, representing a promising tool for future use by clinicians and possibly patients. However, prospective studies are needed to validate the applicability and accuracy of our model in a real‐world setting.
Agent‐based intra‐regional relocation model considering spatial local amenity for urban planning‐based flood risk management: Assessing the impact of urban development on flood exposure
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiro , Koga Asuka , Yokomatsu Muneta 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntegrated flood risk management based on urban policies remains challenging compared with infrastructure due to the unclear risk‐reduction effects over time. To consider heterogeneity in social responses to urban planning measures, a previous study developed an agent‐based household relocation model under flood risk (AHR‐FLOOD) by combining flood‐inundation and agent‐based relocation models. However, accurate modelling of relocation incentives remains challenging. This study aimed to improve AHR‐FLOOD by introducing spatial amenities based on transportation convenience and reflecting their impact on the decision‐making processes of agents to analyze the development of different flood risk areas. AHR‐FLOOD considering access to public transportation reproduced the spatial characteristics of the actual population and housing prices. The development of low‐risk areas reduced flood exposure and resulting flood damage. However, this effect was less clear for low‐income individuals, but the development of low‐amenity areas had the potential to induce low‐income population to move to safe areas. Chain migration was observed as a long‐term effect of the spatial amenity policy. This study presents insights into the effect of transportation policies on flood safety for long‐term spatial distance management in an agent‐based approach with the rigorous modelling and validation of local amenity impact on household relocation choices.
Experimental Replacement of Zircon by Melt‐Mediated Coupled Dissolution‐Precipitation Causes Dispersion in U–Pb Ages
Authors: Asimus Jeremy L. , Daczko Nathan R. , Gazi Jean‐Antoine , Ezad Isra S. , Belousov Ivan , Rodemann Thomas , Halpin Jacqueline A. , Piazolo Sandra 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTZircon geochronology provides critical information on the rates and durations of geological processes and enables researchers to explore deep time. However, some zircon datasets show a continuum of concordant ages (‘smear’) without well‐defined age populations. These age smears are typically interpreted to represent variable loss of radiogenic Pb or protracted geological events lasting tens of millions of years. Coupled dissolution‐precipitation replacement of zircon has been suggested as one process that may produce these complex age datasets. Here, we react fragments of the well characterised Mud Tank zircon standard with natural intermediate and mafic melts (0.9 GPa, 1100–1180°C) to test if short‐term exposure to a melt can modify the geochronological patterns of zircon. Our observations show that within a short duration (18 h to 3.5 days), most Mud Tank zircon fragments display microstructural and/or chemical evidence for modification by dissolution at fragment boundaries along with partial replacement by coupled dissolution‐precipitation processes. The replaced zircon domains have U–Pb ages that smear over one hundred million years, between 764–647 Ma, illustrating variable mobility and redistribution of the U and Pb isotopes. Our experiments demonstrate that zircon modified by coupled dissolution‐precipitation replacement may not faithfully record the age or duration of geological events and that investigation of zircon microstructure in high‐resolution backscattered electron, cathodoluminescence imaging and/or Raman mapping is needed to better understand complex zircon geochronological datasets.
Gastric neuroendocrine tumors: 20‐Year experience in a reference center
Authors: Ravizza Davide , Giunta Mariangela , Sala Isabella , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Tamayo Darina , de Roberto Giuseppe , Trovato Cristina , Bravi Ivana , Soru Pietro , Maregatti Margherita , Pisa Eleonora , Bertani Emilio , Bonomo Guido , Spada Francesca , Nicola Fazio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFew studies have been published on the long‐term outcomes of patients with gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs). We analyzed their management over a two‐decade period, focusing on endoscopic and clinical outcomes. Clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, surgical, and histopathological data from Types 1 and 3 gNETs histologically diagnosed between March 2000 and December 2021 at the European Institute of Oncology (IEO, Milan) were retrospectively collected. Sixty‐nine patients were included (60 Type 1, 9 Type 3): 53 (77%) were treated endoscopically, 6 (9%) surgically, and 10 (14%) did not receive any treatment. Overall, 293 lesions were removed endoscopically: 74% by forceps, 20% by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), and 5% by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). No differences were observed between EMR and ESD in terms of complete resection rate (p value = .50) and complications rate (p value = .084). The median follow‐up period was 5.8 years (range: 0.3–20.5), during which no gNET‐related deaths were observed. Metachronous gNETs developed in 60% of patients with Type 1 gNET. Six patients with lymph node metastases (LNM) were younger (p value = .006) and had larger lesions (p value <.001) than patients without LNM. Most Type 1 gNETs were successfully excised using forceps, with EMR and ESD being equally effective. The presence of incomplete resection was not associated with a worse prognosis, which remains excellent in this highly recurrent disease. Younger age and a size ≥10 mm were associated with an increased risk of LNM.Clinical Trial RegistrationProject code UID 2854.
Cyclosporine A improves the binding of mouse embryos to fibronectin
Authors: Shengnan Tian , Mei Zheng , Jiaxing Wang , Dan Li , YanLin Ma , Huang Yuanhua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThe binding of integrin αvβ3 with endometrial fibronectin (FN) promotes the migration of preimplantation embryos in mice. We have previously shown that cyclosporine A (CsA) improves the adhesion and invasion of mouse preimplantation embryos. In this study, we evaluated the roles of calcium ions and downstream signaling factors in the binding of integrin αvβ3 to FN.MethodsFemale Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were superovulated and mated, and two‐cell embryos were harvested from the oviducts and cultured to the blastocyst stage The adhesion and stretching growth of hatched embryos in laminin‐coated dishes were evaluated, and integrinβ3 expression was determined using qPCR. Blastocytes were cultured with 0 or 1  cyclosporine A (CsA) and the attachment of embryonic integrin αvβ3 to FN120 was observed using a fluorescent bead. To further determine the mechanism, the cells were also incubated with calcium ions and protein kinase C and calmodulin antagonists. The binding of integrin αvβ3 to FN120 was examined via confocal laser scanning microscopy.ResultsThe adhesion and stretching growth of peri‐implantation embryos were greater and integrinβ3 expression was higher in the 1 μM CsA group than in the 0 μM CsA group (p < 0.05). When incubated with calcium ions and protein kinase C and calmodulin antagonists, the ability of peri‐implantation embryos to bind to FN decreased; CsA treatment promoted this binding.ConclusionThis study revealed that CsA up − regulates integrinβ3 expression in peri − implantation embryos and promotes binding to FN via calcium ions, and protein kinase C, and calmodulin. These findings provide evidence supporting the beneficial effect of CsA on the peri − implantation embryo adhesion.
GSK3s promote the phyB‐ELF3‐HMR complex formation to regulate plant thermomorphogenesis
Authors: Yang Ruizhen , Dong Huixue , Xie Xianzhi , Zhang Yunwei , Sun Jiaqiang 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Although elevated ambient temperature causes many effects on plant growth and development, the mechanisms of plant high‐ambient temperature sensing remain unknown.

In this study, we show that GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3s (GSK3s) negatively regulate high‐ambient temperature response and oligomerize upon high‐temperature treatment. We demonstrate that GSK3 kinase BIN2 specifically interacts with the high‐temperature sensor phytochrome B (phyB) but not the high‐temperature sensor EARLY FLOWER 3 (ELF3) to phosphorylate and promote phyB photobody formation.

Furthermore, we show that phosphorylation of phyB by GSK3s promotes its interaction with ELF3. Subsequently, we find that ELF3 recruits the phyB photobody facilitator HEMERA (HMR) to promote its association with phyB.

Taken together, our data reveal a mechanism that GSK3s promote the phyB‐ELF3‐HMR complex formation in regulating plant thermomorphogenesis.
Exploring the effects of red light night break on the defence mechanisms of tomato against fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Kukri András , Czékus Zalán , Gallé Ágnes , Nagy Gábor , Zsindely Nóra , Bodai László , Galgóczy László , Hamow Kamirán Áron , Szalai Gabriella , Ördög Attila , Poór Péter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlant infections caused by fungi lead to significant crop losses worldwide every year. This study aims to better understand the plant defence mechanisms regulated by red light, in particular, the effects of red light at night when most phytopathogens are highly infectious. Our results showed that superoxide production significantly increased immediately after red light exposure and, together with hydrogen peroxide levels, was highest at dawn after 30 min of nocturnal red‐light treatment. In parallel, red‐light‐induced expression and increased the activities of several antioxidant enzymes. The nocturnal red light did not affect salicylic acid but increased jasmonic acid levels immediately after illumination, whereas abscisic acid levels increased 3 h after nocturnal red‐light exposure at dawn. Based on the RNAseq data, red light immediately increased the transcription of several chloroplastic chlorophyll a‐b binding protein and circadian rhythm‐related genes, such as Constans 1, CONSTANS interacting protein 1 and zinc finger protein CONSTANS‐LIKE 10. In addition, the levels of several transcription factors were also increased after red light exposure, such as the DOF zinc finger protein and a MYB transcription factor involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms and defence responses in tomato. In addition to identifying these key transcription factors in tomato, the application of red light at night for one week not only reactivated key antioxidant enzymes at the gene and enzyme activity level at dawn but also contributed to a more efficient and successful defence against Botrytis cinerea infection.
Weak long‐range diffusion
Authors: Garvey R. S. , Fowler A. C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe study the spreading solutions of the nonlinear diffusion equation when the far‐field diffusivity is small. The method of strained coordinates is used to construct a uniform asymptotic correction to the similarity solution of the unperturbed problem. The equation provides a possible analogue to similar models of fluid jets and plumes.
Colorful vector balancing
Authors: Ambrus Gergely , Bozzai Rainie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe extend classical estimates for the vector balancing constant of equipped with the Euclidean and the maximum norms proved in the 1980s by showing that for and , given vector families with , one may select vectors with
for , and
for . These bounds are sharp and asymptotically sharp, respectively, for . The proofs combine linear algebraic and probabilistic methods with a Gaussian random walk argument.