bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equipping lay facilitators to support emotionally wounded children in Africa by means of healing communities
Authors: Coetsee Dirk , Grobbelaar Jan 
Published: June 2014

Many children in Africa are emotionally wounded by circumstances and experiences not supporting their overall well-being and healthy development, and are in need of effective support. It seems that the church’s educational ministry and pastoral care based on individualistic pastoral practices do not address this need effectively. Beginning with an orientation to the problem, the article then focused on the development of lay facilitators for healing communities as an alternative way of ministering to children who experience emotional suffering. With reference to an illustrative narrative of a camp with deprived children, some elements contributing to the success of the camp were highlighted and linked to the effective functioning of healing communities. Thereafter the process used to equip lay people to facilitate such healing communities was described. The article concluded with challenges to the church in Africa to develop a new ministry to serve emotionally wounded children. In Afrika is daar talle emosioneel gekweste kinders wie se omstandighede en ervarings nie tot hulle welsyn en gesonde ontwikkeling bydra nie. Hierdie kinders het ’n intense behoefte aan genesing. Dit wil egter voorkom of die kerk se opvoedkundig-georiënteerde bediening aan kinders en die individualistiese pastorale praktyk nie daarin slaag om effektief aan hierdie behoefte te voldoen nie. Nadat daar oorsigtelik na die probleem gekyk is, fokus die artikel op die ontwikkeling van ongekwalifiseerde lidmate as fasiliteerders in genesende gemeenskappe as ’n alternatiewe benadering om emosioneel gekweste kinders te bedien. Met verwysing na ’n illustratiewe uitbeelding van ’n kamp vir emosioneel gekweste kinders, word sommige elemente wat tot die sukses van die kamp bygedra het, uitgelig. Hierdie elemente word dan aan die effektiewe funksionering van genesende gemeenskappe verbind. Daarna word die opleidingsproses vir fasiliteerders van sulke groepe bespreek. Die artikel sluit af deur die kerk in Afrika tot ’n nuwe bedieningspraktyk uit te daag.
Coping Strategies in Egyptian Ladies with Breast Cancer
Authors: Elsheshtawy Eman A. , Abo-Elez Warda F. , Ashour Hala S. , Farouk Omar , zaafarany Maha I. Esmael El 
Published: June 2014

Introduction A diagnosis of breast cancer regardless of the stage can be stressful, impact multiple spheres of life, and disrupt physical status, emotional and spiritual well-being, and personal relationships for the patient and family. In order to adapt, the patient ought to employ certain coping mechanisms. Individuals with terminal illness who utilize coping strategies have better quality of life compared to those who do not. Patients and Methods This study aimed to determine the strategies used by females with breast cancer to cope with such stress by using Brief COPE scale and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The study included 56 female patients diagnosed with operable breast cancer at Mansoura Oncology Center before surgery. Results Large proportion of patients used acceptance, religion, and emotional support in coping with the stress of having breast cancer. Patients with depressive symptoms scored significantly higher venting while those with anxiety scored higher positive reframing, planning, and venting. Conclusion Efforts should be made to encourage women with breast cancer to use coping strategies that have been found to be helpful (eg, acceptance, emotional support, distraction, and active coping strategies).
A Clean Energy Standard Analysis with the US-REGEN Model
Authors: Blanford Geoffrey J. , Merrick James H. , Young David 
Published: June 2014

A clean energy standard (CES) is a potential policy alternative to reduce carbon emissions in the electric sector. We analyze this policy under a range of technological assumptions, expanding on the Energy Modeling Forum (EMF) 24 study scenarios, using a new modeling tool, US-REGEN. We describe three innovative features of the model: treatment of spatial and temporal variability of renewable resources, cost-of-service electric sector pricing, and explicit representation of energy end-use specific capital. We find that varying technology assumptions results in vastly different futures, with large contrasts in the distribution and scale of inter-regional financial flows, and in the generation mix. We explore regional differences in how the costs of CES credits are passed through with cost-of-service vs. competitive pricing. Finally, we compare the CES to an economy-wide emissions cap. We find that although the two policies result in a similar generation mix, price and electricity end-use results differ.
Bioaugmented Hydrogen Production from Lignocellulosic Substrates Using Co-Cultures of Shigella flexneri str. G3 and Clostridium acetobutylicum X9
Authors: Gao Lingfang , Varrone Cristiano , Sheng Tao , Liu Chong , Chen Chuang , Liu Wenzong , Wang Aijie 
Published: June 2014

Bioaugmented fermentation of cellulosic substrates to produce biohydrogen via co-culture of isolated strains was investigated. Two mesophilic anaerobic bacterial strains, known for their ability to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates, were taken in consideration: Shigella flexneri str. G3, which shows high cellulolytic activity but cannot ferment oligosaccharides to bioenergy, and Clostridium acetobutylicum X9, able to convert microcrystalline cellulose into hydrogen. The ability of the selected strains to effectively convert different cellulosic substrates to hydrogen was tested on carboxymethyl cellulose (AVICEL), as well as pretreated lignocellulosic material such as Bermuda grass, corn stover, rice straw, and corn cob. Results showed that co-culture of Shigella flexneri str G3 and Clostridium acetobutylicum X9 efficiently improved cellulose hydrolysis and subsequent hydrogen production from carboxymethyl cellulose. Hydrogen production yield was enhanced from 0.65 mol H2 (mol glucose)−1 of the X9 single culture to approximately 1.5 mol H2 (mol glucose)−1 of the co-culture, while the cellulose degradation efficiency increased from 50% to 95%. Co-culture also efficiently improved hydrogen production from natural lignocellulosic materials (which was up to 4-5 times higher than mono-culture with X9), with the highest performance of 24.8 mmol L-1 obtained on Bermuda grass. The results demonstrate that co-culture of S. flexneri G3 and C. acetobutylicum X9 was capable of efficiently enhance cellulose conversion to hydrogen, thus fostering potential biofuel applications under mesophilic conditions.
« C’est une impossibilité scientifique et matérielle que de garantir l’avenir1 ». Idiots, aliénés incurables ou déments séniles en congé d’essai, fin XIXe début XXe siècle2
Authors: Thifault Marie-Claude 
Published: June 2014

L’Hôpital Saint-Jean-de-Dieu a été, au tournant du xxe siècle, le plus grand asile au Canada et par surcroît une référence reconnue internationalement pour l’expertise thérapeutique de ses propriétaires et de ses aliénistes. Le dépouillement de plus de 8 000 dossiers médicaux de cette institution psychiatrique a permis de mettre au jour une précieuse correspondance entre les membres de la famille (requérants) des patients et les surintendants médicaux au sujet des congés d’essai. Ces sources de première main révèlent les allées et venues des patients entre l’hôpital et le foyer familial. Elles dévoilent également les appréhensions du futur imputables au retour définitif du patient. Cette étude sur l’histoire culturelle des sensibilités explore les dimensions privée et intime, sous l’angle du « risque », concernant l’anticipation d’un quelconque malheur générée par la réintégration en milieu familial d’un idiot, d’un aliéné incurable ou d’un dément sénile. Un intérêt particulier est porté sur les discours autour de « l’événement-non-encore-survenu », qui motive les requérants à refuser la mise en liberté définitive de leur malade interné à l’hôpital psychiatrique.
Idiopathic Toe-Walking
Authors: Williams Cylie M. , Tinley Paul , Rawicki Barry 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundIdiopathic toe-walking (ITW) is a condition commonly seen by podiatric physicians. Because a toe-walking gait style is also caused by or associated with many other medical conditions, podiatric physicians should pay particular attention to ensuring an accurate diagnosis. There are many reported treatment options available for ITW. Therefore, a literature review was conducted to determine what treatment options are supported by the evidence as having the best long-term effect on ITW gait.MethodsAfter extraction of relevant articles, 21 manuscripts reporting treatment options for ITW gait were appraised against the levels of evidence.ResultsFrom these articles, there was no single treatment option reported as having a long-term effect on the gait of children with ITW. There was support in the literature for surgical interventions, serial casting, and the use of botulinum toxin type A. There was limited evidence that footwear or orthoses changed the gait pattern.ConclusionsThis review updates the knowledge of podiatric physicians, enhances how children who present with this gait style can be managed, and highlights areas for future research.
Plantar Fasciitis and Its Relationship with Hallux Limitus
Authors: Aranda Yolanda , Munuera Pedro V. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundWe sought to determine whether patients with plantar fasciitis have limited dorsiflexion in the first metatarsophalangeal joint and which type of foot, pronated or supinated, is most frequently associated with plantar fasciitis.MethodsThe 100 study participants (34 men and 66 women) were divided into two groups: patients with plantar fasciitis and controls. The Foot Posture Index and dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint were compared between the two groups, and a correlation analysis was conducted to study their relationship.ResultsIn the plantar fasciitis group there was a slight limitation of dorsiflexion of the hallux that was not present in the control group (P &lt; .001). Hallux dorsiflexion and the Foot Posture Index were inversely correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient, −0.441; P &lt; .01).ConclusionsParticipants with plantar fasciitis presented less hallux dorsiflexion than those in the control group, and their most common foot type was the pronated foot.
The role of magmatically driven lithospheric thickening on arc front migration
Authors: Karlstrom L. , Lee C.‐T. A. , Manga M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractVolcanic activity at convergent plate margins is localized along lineaments of active volcanoes that focus rising magma generated within the mantle below. In many arcs worldwide, particularly continental arcs, the volcanic front migrates away from the interface of subduction (the trench) over millions of years, reflecting coevolving surface forcing, tectonics, crustal magma transport, and mantle flow. Here we show that extraction of melt from arc mantle and subsequent magmatic thickening of overlying crust and lithosphere can drive volcanic front migration. These processes are consistent with geochemical trends, such as increasing La/Yb, which show that increasing depths of differentiation correlate with arc front migration in continental arcs. Such thickening truncates the underlying mantle flow field, squeezing hot mantle wedge and the melting focus away from the trench while progressively decreasing the volume of melt generated. However, if magmatic thickening is balanced by tectonic extension in the upper plate, a steady crustal thickness is achieved that results in a more stationary arc front with long‐lived mantle melting. This appears to be the case for some island arcs. Thus, in combination with tectonic modulation of crustal thickness, magmatic thickening provides a self consistent model for volcanic arc front migration and the composition of arc magmas.
Early life histories of the London poor using δ13C and δ15N stable isotope incremental dentine sampling
Authors: Henderson Rowena C. , Lee‐Thorp Julia , Loe Louise 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTHigh resolution incremental isotopic analysis of the dentine from early forming teeth, especially first molars (M1s), provides a means to assess the effects of poor childhood nutrition and healthcare on individuals in an assemblage where there are no infants to study. This approach is applied to an 18th and 19th century cemetery population associated with St Saviour's Almshouse burial ground in Southwark, London, to assess whether, or how, early dietary history, including weaning age, influenced health and nutritional status. The results show a general pattern in which non‐breast milk foods were introduced before or by 6 months of age, as indicated by elevated δ15N during this period. Almost all individuals for which we also have second molar (M2) records, showed lower δ15N values from a very young age (>1 year) until approximately 8–10 years, compared to adult values. The overall results show a significant difference in δ13C (p = 0 to 4sf, F = 17.327) and a weaker statistical difference in δ15N between males and females (p = 0.019, F = 5.581). One possible cause of this is a difference in the diet of males and females early in life, or alternatively, a greater susceptibility of males to nutritional deprivation compared to females. The latter argument is strengthened by a significant difference in the incidence of enamel hypoplasia between the males and females, with 7.7% of male teeth showing defects, compared to 3.9% of females. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:585–593, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pyrazolone as a recognition site: Rhodamine 6G‐based fluorescent probe for the selective recognition of Fe3+ in acetonitrile–aqueous solution
Authors: Parihar Sanjay , Boricha Vinod P. , Jadeja R. N. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTTwo novel Rhodamine–pyrazolone‐based colorimetric off–on fluorescent chemosensors for Fe3+ ions were designed and synthesized using pyrazolone as the recognition moiety and Rhodamine 6G as the signalling moiety. The photophysical properties and Fe3+‐binding properties of sensors L1 and L2 in acetonitrile–aqueous solution were also investigated. Both sensors successfully exhibit a remarkably ‘turn‐on’ response, toward Fe3+, which was attributed to 1: 2 complex formation between Fe3+ and L1/L2. The fluorescent and colorimetric response to Fe3+ can be detected by the naked eye, which provides a facile method for the visual detection of Fe3+. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The solution structure of bis(phenazine‐1‐carboxamide)‐DNA complexes: MLN 944 binding corrected and extended
Authors: Serobian Andre , Thomas Donald S. , Ball Graham E. , Denny William A. , Wakelin Laurence P. G. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMLN 944 is a bisintercalating DNA‐binding antitumor agent known to be a template inhibitor of transcription. Previous 1H NMR studies of its d(ATGCAT)2 complex concluded that its phenazine chromophores are protonated. However, we find that this is not so, which has important consequences for the charged state of the ligand, for the orientation of its 1‐carboxamide group in the complex, and for the details of the interaction of its protonated interchromophore linker with the DNA base pairs. Here, we report a corrected solution structure of the MLN 944‐d(ATGCAT)2 complex, and extend the study to complexes with d(TATGCATA)2, and d(TACGCGTA)2, using a variety of 1H and 31P NMR methods and molecular dynamics simulations employing the AMBER 12 force field. We find that for all three complexes MLN 944 binds as a dication, in which the chromophores are uncharged, in the DNA major groove spanning the central 2 GC base pairs in a manner that maintains the dyad symmetry of the DNA. The carboxamide group lies in the plane of the chromophore, its NH making hydrogen bonding interactions with the phenazine N10 nitrogen, and the protonated linkers form hydrogen bonds with the O6 atom of guanine. The dynamics simulations reveal extensive solvent interactions involving the linker amines, the carboxamide group, and the DNA bases. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 1099–1113, 2014.
Spatial optimization in perfusion bioreactors improves bone tissue‐engineered construct quality attributes
Authors: Papantoniou Ioannis , Guyot Yann , Sonnaert Maarten , Kerckhofs Greet , Luyten Frank P. , Geris Liesbet , Schrooten Jan 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPerfusion bioreactors have shown great promise for tissue engineering applications providing a homogeneous and consistent distribution of nutrients and flow‐induced shear stresses throughout tissue‐engineered constructs. However, non‐uniform fluid‐flow profiles found in the perfusion chamber entrance region have been shown to affect tissue‐engineered construct quality characteristics during culture. In this study a whole perfusion and construct, three dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics approach was used in order to optimize a critical design parameter such as the location of the regular pore scaffolds within the perfusion bioreactor chamber. Computational studies were coupled to bioreactor experiments for a case‐study flow rate. Two cases were compared in the first instance seeded scaffolds were positioned immediately after the perfusion chamber inlet while a second group was positioned at the computationally determined optimum distance were a steady state flow profile had been reached. Experimental data showed that scaffold location affected significantly cell content and neo‐tissue distribution, as determined and quantified by contrast enhanced nanoCT, within the constructs both at 14 and 21 days of culture. However, gene expression level of osteopontin and osteocalcin was not affected by the scaffold location. This study demonstrates that the bioreactor chamber environment, incorporating a scaffold and its location within it, affects the flow patterns within the pores throughout the scaffold requiring therefore dedicated optimization that can lead to bone tissue engineered constructs with improved quality attributes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2560–2570. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbon storage in recombinant Escherichia coli during growth on glycerol and lactic acid
Authors: Weiner Michael , Tröndle Julia , Albermann Christoph , Sprenger Georg A. , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA fed‐batch process was studied with lactate and glycerol supply in the growth phase and glycerol supply during L‐phenylalanine production with recombinant E. coli K‐12. Lactic acid feeding was necessary for growth because the genes encoding the PEP‐consuming pyruvate kinase isoenzymes (pykA, pykF) have been deleted. An unexpected glucose efflux (67.6 ± 2.3 mgGlucose gCDW−1) was measured after the cells were harvested and resuspended in a mineral medium for metabolic perturbation experiments. As the efflux prohibited the application of these experiments, characterization of intracellular carbon storage was necessary. Therefore, two genetically engineered strains (one lacking glycogen metabolism and another additionally lacking trehalose synthesis) were applied in the fed‐batch process. Trehalose synthesis and accumulation from lactate was clearly identified as the source for glucose efflux after cell harvest and resuspension. Cultivations of strains with active pyruvate kinase successfully identified lactate as the carbon source causing intracellular trehalose storage. The usage of glycerol as sole carbon source during the whole process enabled an improved process performance and inhibited trehalose accumulation. Overall, this setup allows the application of perturbation experiments. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2508–2519. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous analysis of seven 2‐hydroxy fatty acids as tert‐butyldimethylsilyl derivatives in plasma by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Seo Chan , Yoon Jaehwan , Rhee Yumie , Kim Jong‐Jin , Nam Sang‐Jip , Lee Wonjae , Lee Gwang , Yee Sung‐Tae , Paik Man‐Jeong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAn efficient method for the simultaneous analysis of seven 2‐hydroxy fatty acids (2‐HFAs) as tert‐butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivative was developed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. New mass spectral data on 2‐hydroxycapric, 2‐hydroxypalmitic, 2‐hydroxystearic and 2‐hydroxybehenic acids as di‐TBDMS derivatives for hydroxyl and carboxyl groups were built. Under the optimal conditions, the present method showed a good correlation coefficient (r ≥ 0.999) in the range of 0.01–0.5 µg. The precision showed low relative standard deviation of <10%, and the accuracy (percentage relative error) varied from −5.2 to 0.3 for the seven 2‐HFAs studied. Recovery rates of all 2‐HFAs were  ≥ 93.2% with good precision. When applied to normal human plasma, seven 2‐HFAs were positively identified. Therefore, the present efficient method will be useful for simultaneous analysis of 2‐HFAs in plasma. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of three isoflavones from Trifolium pratense extract in rat plasma by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Shouyu , Lu Ming , Zhang Zhen , Tian Xiliang , Lv Decheng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of three isoflavones – ononin, formononetin and biochanin A – in rat plasma using lysionotin as internal standard (IS). The plasma samples were pretreated and extracted by liquid–liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a C18 column with the column temperature of 30 °C and a mobile phase of methanol–0.1% formic acid (75:25, v/v). The detection was accomplished by multiple‐reaction monitoring scanning with positive/negative ion‐switching electrospray ionization mode. The optimized mass transition ion pairs (m/z) for quantitation were 431.3/269.1 for ononin, 267.1/252.2 for formononetin, 283.2/268.2 for biochanin A and 343.2/313.3 for IS. The total run time was 8.0 min. Full validation of the assay was implemented, including selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability. This is the first report on simultaneous determination of the three major isoflavones in rat plasma after intragastric administration of Trifolium pratense extract. The results provided a significant basis for the clinical application of this herb Trifolium pratense. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrocatalytic SiC Nanoparticles/PEDOT:PSS Composite Thin Films as the Counter Electrodes of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Lin , Li Chun‐Ting , Huang Tzu‐Yen , Lee Chi‐Ta , Lin Chen‐Yang , Chu Chih‐Wei , Vittal R. , Ho Kuo‐Chuan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Professor Kuo‐Chuan Ho’s Electro‐optical Materials Lab at the Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University. The image shows a Pt‐free composite of silicon carbide nanoparticles/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (SiC‐NPs/PEDOT:PSS) as the counter electrode in a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC), which has a good electrocatalytic ability for I‐/I3‐. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/celc.201300242.
Predicting New Ugi–Smiles Couplings: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Ramozzi Romain , Chéron Nicolas , El Kaïm Laurent , Grimaud Laurence , Fleurat‐Lessard Paul 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFollowing our previous mechanistic studies of multicomponent Ugi‐type reactions, theoretical calculations have been performed to predict the efficiency of new substrates in Ugi–Smiles couplings. First, as predicted, 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol experimentally gave the corresponding aryl‐imidate. Theoretical predictions of nitrosophenols as good acidic partners were then successfully confirmed by experiments. In the latter case, the reaction offers a new access to benzimidazoles.