bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasted Trends in Chlorophyll‐a Satellite Products
Authors: Pauthenet Etienne , Martinez Elodie , Gorgues Thomas , Roussillon Joana , Drumetz Lucas , Fablet Ronan , Roux Maïlys 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhytoplankton sustains marine ecosystems and influences the global carbon cycle. This study analyzes trends in surface chlorophyll‐a concentration (Schl), a proxy for phytoplankton biomass, using six of the most widely used merged satellite products. Significant regional variations are observed, with contrasting trends observed among different products. To assess if these trends can be related to changes in the environment or to bias in radiometric products, a convolutional neural network is used to examine the relationship between physical ocean variables versus Schl. The results suggest that the merging algorithm of Globcolour‐GSM is not reliable for trend detection and that observed changes in Schl after 2012/2016 are not supported by changes of the physical ocean. These results emphasize the need for careful interpretation of satellite‐derived Schl trends and highlight the potential of machine learning in understanding the complex interactions in marine ecosystems.
A Novel Crossed Hysteresis Response Pattern of Sap Flux to Solar Radiation
Authors: Wan Liuliu , Zhang Quan , Arain M. Altaf , Cheng Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe hysteresis response of tree sap flux (SF) to its main driving factor of incoming short‐wave radiation (Rsi) has been widely reported, affecting the accuracy of sap flux and transpiration estimates in forest ecosystems. The diurnal cycle of SF usually lags the Rsi cycle by certain hours, thereby generating a closed counterclockwise hysteresis pattern. However, a few studies have reported that diurnal SF cycle may advance Rsi cycle, and such a response pattern has not been fully explored. In this study, we reported a rarely seen crossed hysteresis response pattern of SF to Rsi in 1/3 trees of a young temperate pine forest. We found that the diurnal SF cycle advances Rsi cycle especially in the morning induced by the early stomatal closure, thereby generating the crossed hysteresis response of SF to Rsi. We also proposed a method to quantify the magnitude of hysteresis (Ahys) for both the crossed and closed hystereses. Our analysis suggests that a lower Ahys of two time series results in (a) a larger crossing degree of hysteresis, and (b) a stronger linear correlation between the two time series. The seasonal variation of soil water content can explain the variation in Ahys for the hysteresis response of SF to Rsi, and the crossed hysteresis of SF is more likely to occur under water stress conditions. This study contributes to advancing our understanding of forest transpiration and how forests may respond to drought stress, which are expected to become more frequent and longer under future climate change.
Compulsive avoidance in youths and adults with OCD: an aversive pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer study
Authors: Marzuki Aleya A. , Banca Paula , Garofalo Sara , Degni Luigi A. E. , Dalbagno Daniela , Badioli Marco , Sule Akeem , Kaser Muzaffer , Conway-Morris Anna , Sahakian Barbara J. , Robbins Trevor W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCompulsive behaviour may often be triggered by Pavlovian cues. Assessing how Pavlovian cues drive instrumental behaviour in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is therefore crucial to understand how compulsions develop and are maintained. An aversive Pavlovian-to-Instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm, particularly one involving avoidance/cancellation of negative outcomes, can enable such investigation and has not previously been studied in clinical-OCD. Forty-one participants diagnosed with OCD (21 adults; 20 youths) and 44 controls (21 adults; 23 youths) completed an aversive PIT task. Participants had to prevent the delivery of unpleasant noises by moving a joystick in the correct direction. They could infer these correct responses by learning appropriate response-outcome (instrumental) and stimulus-outcome (Pavlovian) associations. We then assessed whether Pavlovian cues elicited specific instrumental avoidance responses (specific PIT) and induced general instrumental avoidance (general PIT). We investigated whether task learning and confidence indices influenced PIT strength differentially between groups. There was no overall group difference in PIT performance, although youths with OCD showed weaker specific PIT than youth controls. However, urge to avoid unpleasant noises and preference for safe over unsafe stimuli influenced specific and general PIT respectively in OCD, while PIT in controls was more influenced by confidence in instrumental and Pavlovian learning. Thus, in OCD, implicit motivational factors, but not learnt knowledge, may contribute to the successful integration of aversive Pavlovian and instrumental cues. This implies that compulsive avoidance may be driven by these automatic processes. Youths with OCD show deficits in specific PIT, suggesting cue integration impairments are only apparent in adolescence. These findings may be clinically relevant as they emphasise the importance of targeting such implicit motivational processes when treating OCD.
Ferroptosis is a targetable detrimental factor in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Peleman Cédric , Hellemans Stig , Veeckmans Geraldine , Arras Wout , Zheng Hao , Koeken Ine , Van San Emily , Hassannia Behrouz , Walravens Magali , Kayirangwa Edissa , Beyene Nateneal Tamerat , Van Herck Mikhaïl Alfons , De Vos Winnok Harald , Pintelon Isabel , van Nassauw Luc , Oosterlinck Baptiste , Smet Annemieke , Vits Lieve , Dirinck Eveline , Verrijken An , De Man Joris , Van Eyck Annelies , Kwanten Wilhelmus Josephus , Vonghia Luisa , Driessen Ann , Augustyns Koen , Toyokuni Shinya , De Winter Benedicte , Van Steenkiste Christophe , Francque Sven , Vanden Berghe Tom 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere is an unmet clinical need for pharmacologic treatment for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Hepatocyte cell death is a hallmark of this highly prevalent chronic liver disease, but the dominant type of cell death remains uncertain. Here we report that ferroptosis, an iron-catalyzed mode of regulated cell death, contributes to MASLD. Unsupervised clustering in a cohort of biopsy-proven MASLD patients revealed a subgroup with hepatic ferroptosis signature and lower glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) levels. Likewise, a subgroup with reduced ferroptosis defenses was discerned in public transcriptomics datasets. Four weeks of choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD) induced MASLD with ferroptosis in mice. Gpx4 overexpression did not affect steatohepatitis, instead CDAHFD protected from morbidity due to hepatocyte-specific Gpx4 knockout. The ferroptosis inhibitor UAMC-3203 attenuated steatosis and alanine aminotransferase in CDAHFD and a second model, i.e., the high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD). The effect of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids supplementation on ferroptosis susceptibility was assessed in human HepG2 cells. Fat-laden HepG2 showed a drop in ferroptosis defenses, increased phosphatidylglycerol with two polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) lipid tails, and sustained ferroptosis sensitivity. In conclusion, this study identified hepatic ferroptosis as a detrimental factor in MASLD patients. Unexpectedly, non-PUFA supplementation to hepatocytes altered lipid bilayer composition to maintain ferroptosis sensitivity. Based on findings in in vivo models, ferroptosis inhibition represents a promising therapeutic target in MASLD.
Homozygous 6-bp deletion of IGFALS in a prepubertal boy with short stature
Authors: Doi Hibiki , Kageyama Ikuko , Katoh-Fukui Yuko , Hattori Atsushi , Fukami Maki , Shimura Naoto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Biallelic IGFALS variants lead to acid‒labile subunit (ALS) deficiency characterized by growth hormone resistance with or without delayed puberty. Here, we report a prepubertal boy with a homozygous 2-amino acid deletion within the fourth N-glycosylation motif (c.1103_1108del, p.N368_S370delinsT) associated with parental consanguinity. He showed short stature consistent with ALS deficiency. This case expands the mutation spectrum of IGFALS to include the elimination of only one N-glycosylation motif of ALS.
A transthalamic pathway crucial for perception
Authors: Mo Christina , McKinnon Claire , Murray Sherman S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPerception is largely supported by cortical processing that involves communication among multiple areas, typically starting with primary sensory cortex and then involving higher order cortices. This communication is served in part by transthalamic (cortico-thalamo-cortical) pathways, which ubiquitously parallel direct corticocortical pathways, but their role in sensory processing has largely remained unexplored. Here, we suggest that transthalamic processing propagates task-relevant information required for correct sensory decisions. Using optogenetics, we specifically inhibited the pathway at its synapse in higher order somatosensory thalamus of mice performing a texture-based discrimination task. We concurrently monitored the cellular effects of inhibition in primary or secondary cortex using two-photon calcium imaging. Inhibition severely impaired performance despite intact direct corticocortical projections, thus challenging the purely corticocentric map of perception. Interestingly, the inhibition did not reduce overall cell responsiveness to texture stimulation in somatosensory cortex, but rather disrupted the texture selectivity of cells, a discriminability that develops over task learning. This discriminability was more disrupted in the secondary than primary somatosensory cortex, emphasizing the feedforward influence of the transthalamic route. Transthalamic pathways may therefore act to deliver performance-relevant information to higher order cortex and are underappreciated hierarchical pathways in perceptual decision-making.
Demixing fluorescence time traces transmitted by multimode fibers
Authors: Rimoli Caio Vaz , Moretti Claudio , Soldevila Fernando , Brémont Enora , Ventalon Cathie , Gigan Sylvain 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOptical methods based on thin multimode fibers (MMFs) are promising tools for measuring neuronal activity in deep brain regions of freely moving mice thanks to their small diameter. However, current methods are limited: while fiber photometry provides only ensemble activity, imaging techniques using of long multimode fibers are very sensitive to bending and have not been applied to unrestrained rodents yet. Here, we demonstrate the fundamentals of a new approach using a short MMF coupled to a miniscope. In proof-of-principle in vitro experiments, we disentangled spatio-temporal fluorescence signals from multiple fluorescent sources transmitted by a thin (200 µm) and short (8 mm) MMF, using a general unconstrained non-negative matrix factorization algorithm directly on the raw video data. Furthermore, we show that low-cost open-source miniscopes have sufficient sensitivity to image the same fluorescence patterns seen in our proof-of-principle experiment, suggesting a new avenue for novel minimally invasive deep brain studies using multimode fibers in freely behaving mice.
Genomic insights into the 2022–2023Vibrio cholerae outbreak in Malawi
Authors: Chaguza Chrispin , Chibwe Innocent , Chaima David , Musicha Patrick , Ndeketa Latif , Kasambara Watipaso , Mhango Chimwemwe , Mseka Upendo L. , Bitilinyu-Bangoh Joseph , Mvula Bernard , Kipandula Wakisa , Bonongwe Patrick , Munthali Richard J. , Ngwira Selemani , Mwendera Chikondi A. , Kalizang’oma Akuzike , Jambo Kondwani C. , Kambalame Dzinkambani , Kamng’ona Arox W. , Steele A. Duncan , Chauma-Mwale Annie , Hungerford Daniel , Kagoli Matthew , Nyaga Martin M. , Dube Queen , French Neil , Msefula Chisomo L. , Cunliffe Nigel A. , Jere Khuzwayo C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMalawi experienced its deadliest Vibrio cholerae (Vc) outbreak following devastating cyclones, with >58,000 cases and >1700 deaths reported between March 2022 and May 2023. Here, we use population genomics to investigate the attributes and origin of the Malawi 2022–2023 Vc outbreak isolates. Our results demonstrate the predominance of ST69 clone, also known as the seventh cholera pandemic El Tor (7PET) lineage, expressing O1 Ogawa (~ 80%) serotype followed by Inaba (~ 16%) and sporadic non-O1/non-7PET serogroups (~ 4%). Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the Malawi outbreak strains correspond to a recent importation from Asia into Africa (sublineage AFR15). These isolates harboured known antimicrobial resistance and virulence elements, notably the ICEGEN/ICEVchHai1/ICEVchind5 SXT/R391-like integrative conjugative elements and a CTXφ prophage with the ctxB7 genotype compared to historical Malawian Vc isolates. These data suggest that the devastating cyclones coupled with the recent importation of 7PET serogroup O1 strains, may explain the magnitude of the 2022–2023 cholera outbreak in Malawi.
Apelin modulates inflammation and leukocyte recruitment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Park Hongryeol , Song Jian , Jeong Hyun-Woo , Grönloh Max L. B. , Koh Bong Ihn , Bovay Esther , Kim Kee-Pyo , Klotz Luisa , Thistlethwaite Patricia A. , van Buul Jaap D. , Sorokin Lydia , Adams Ralf H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDemyelination due to autoreactive T cells and inflammation in the central nervous system are principal features of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic and highly disabling human disease affecting brain and spinal cord. Here, we show that treatment with apelin, a secreted peptide ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ/Aplnr, is protective in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Apelin reduces immune cell entry into the brain, delays the onset and reduces the severity of EAE. Apelin affects the trafficking of leukocytes through the lung by modulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules that mediate leukocyte recruitment. In addition, apelin induces the internalization and desensitization of its receptor in endothelial cells (ECs). Accordingly, protection against EAE major outcomes of apelin treatment are phenocopied by loss of APJ/Aplnr function, achieved by EC-specific gene inactivation in mice or knockdown experiments in cultured primary endothelial cells. Our findings highlight the importance of the lung-brain axis in neuroinflammation and indicate that apelin targets the transendothelial migration of immune cells into the lung during acute inflammation.
Unlocking ultra-high holographic information capacity through nonorthogonal polarization multiplexing
Authors: Wang Jie , Chen Jin , Yu Feilong , Chen Rongsheng , Wang Jiuxu , Zhao Zengyue , Li Xuenan , Xing Huaizhong , Li Guanhai , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractContemporary studies in polarization multiplexing are hindered by the intrinsic orthogonality constraints of polarization states, which restrict the scope of multiplexing channels and their practical applications. This research transcends these barriers by introducing an innovative nonorthogonal polarization-basis multiplexing approach. Utilizing spatially varied eigen-polarization states within metaatoms, we successfully reconstruct globally nonorthogonal channels that exhibit minimal crosstalk. This method not only facilitates the generation of free-vector holograms, achieving complete degrees-of-freedom in three nonorthogonal channels with ultra-low energy leakage, but it also significantly enhances the dimensions of the Jones matrix, expanding it to a groundbreaking 10 × 10 scale. The fusion of a controllable eigen-polarization engineering mechanism with a vectorial diffraction neural network culminates in the experimental creation of 55 intricate holographic patterns across these expanded channels. This advancement represents a profound shift in the field of polarization multiplexing, unlocking opportunities in advanced holography and quantum encryption, among other applications.
Multimodal locomotion ultra-thin soft robots for exploration of narrow spaces
Authors: Wang Xi , Li Siqian , Chang Jung-Che , Liu Jing , Axinte Dragos , Dong Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrom power plants on land to bridges over the sea, safety-critical built environments require periodic inspections for detecting issues to avoid functional discontinuities of these installations. However, navigation paths in these environments are usually challenging as they often contain difficult-to-access spaces (near-millimetre and submillimetre-high gaps) and multiple domains (solid, liquid and even aerial). In this paper, we address these challenges by developing a class of Thin Soft Robots (TS-Robot: thickness, 1.7 mm) that can access narrow spaces and perform cross-domain multimodal locomotion. We adopted a dual-actuation sandwich structure with a tuneable Poisson’s ratio tensioning mechanism for developing the TS-Robots driven by dielectric elastomers, providing them with two types of gaits (linear and undulating), remarkable output force ( ~ 41 times their weight) and speed (1.16 times Body Length/s and 13.06 times Body Thickness/s). Here, we demonstrated that TS-Robots can crawl, climb, swim and collaborate for transitioning between domains in environments with narrow entries.
Transfer learning guided discovery of efficient perovskite oxide for alkaline water oxidation
Authors: Jiang Chang , He Hongyuan , Guo Hongquan , Zhang Xiaoxin , Han Qingyang , Weng Yanhong , Fu Xianzhu , Zhu Yinlong , Yan Ning , Tu Xin , Sun Yifei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPerovskite oxides show promise for the oxygen evolution reaction. However, numerical chemical compositions remain unexplored due to inefficient trial-and-error methods for material discovery. Here, we develop a transfer learning paradigm incorporating a pre-trained model, ensemble learning, and active learning, enabling the prediction of undiscovered perovskite oxides with enhanced generalizability for this reaction. Screening 16,050 compositions leads to the identification and synthesis of 36 new perovskite oxides, including 13 pure perovskite structures. Pr0.1Sr0.9Co0.5Fe0.5O3 and Pr0.1Sr0.9Co0.5Fe0.3Mn0.2O3 exhibit low overpotentials of 327 mV and 315 mV at 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Electrochemical measurements reveal coexistence of absorbate evolution and lattice oxygen mechanisms for O-O coupling in both materials. Pr0.1Sr0.9Co0.5Fe0.3Mn0.2O3 demonstrates enhanced OH- affinity compared to Pr0.1Sr0.9Co0.5Fe0.5O3, with the emergence of oxo-bridged Mn-Co conjugate facilitating charge redistribution and dynamic reversibility of Olattice/VO, thereby slowing down Co dissolution. This work paves the way for accelerated discovery and development of high-performance perovskite oxide electrocatalysts for this reaction.
A TNIP1-driven systemic autoimmune disorder with elevated IgG4
Authors: Medhavy Arti , Athanasopoulos Vicki , Bassett Katharine , He Yuke , Stanley Maurice , Enosi Tuipulotu Daniel , Cappello Jean , Brown Grant J. , Gonzalez-Figueroa Paula , Turnbull Cynthia , Shanmuganandam Somasundhari , Tummala Padmaja , Hart Gemma , Lea-Henry Tom , Wang Hao , Nambadan Sonia , Shen Qian , Roco Jonathan A. , Burgio Gaetan , Wu Phil , Cho Eun , Andrews T. Daniel , Field Matt A. , Wu Xiaoqian , Ding Huihua , Guo Qiang , Shen Nan , Man Si Ming , Jiang Simon H. , Cook Matthew C. , Vinuesa Carola G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhole-exome sequencing of two unrelated kindreds with systemic autoimmune disease featuring antinuclear antibodies with IgG4 elevation uncovered an identical ultrarare heterozygous TNIP1Q333P variant segregating with disease. Mice with the orthologous Q346P variant developed antinuclear autoantibodies, salivary gland inflammation, elevated IgG2c, spontaneous germinal centers and expansion of age-associated B cells, plasma cells and follicular and extrafollicular helper T cells. B cell phenotypes were cell-autonomous and rescued by ablation of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) or MyD88. The variant increased interferon-β without altering nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling, and impaired MyD88 and IRAK1 recruitment to autophagosomes. Additionally, the Q333P variant impaired TNIP1 localization to damaged mitochondria and mitophagosome formation. Damaged mitochondria were abundant in the salivary epithelial cells of Tnip1Q346P mice. These findings suggest that TNIP1-mediated autoimmunity may be a consequence of increased TLR7 signaling due to impaired recruitment of downstream signaling molecules and damaged mitochondria to autophagosomes and may thus respond to TLR7-targeted therapeutics.
The application of bronchoscopy in the assessment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis severity and recurrence
Authors: Guo Cuiyan , Zhang Qi , Zhou Peining , Cheng Yuan , Nie Ligong , Wang Guangfa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo explore the role of bronchoscopy for the assessment of checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP), a retrospective single-center study was conducted to assess patients diagnosed with CIP at grade 2 or above and also underwent bronchoscopy between January 2020 and December 2022. Clinical data and bronchoscopic findings were recorded. The treatment data and prognosis information were collected. Twenty-one patients who underwent bronchoscopy and were diagnosed with CIP were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis. Of them, T lymphocyte subsets of BALF were tested in 15 cases. Transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) was performed in 8 patients, and transbronchial lung biopsy was performed in 5 patients. 3 patients developed pneumothorax after TBCB and all recovered without serious compilations.14 patients experienced grade 2 CIP, while 7 patients ≥ grade 3 CIP. Symptoms were improved in 19 (90.5%) patients after standard treatment adhering to CIP guidelines. However, 5 patients relapsed during steroid tapering. Factors related to the severity and recurrence of CIP were analyzed. Patients with previous interstitial lung disease (ILD) were more likely to develop high grade CIP than those without [83.3% (5/6) versus 15.4% (3/15), P = 0.011].The odds ratio (OR) was 32.5 (95% CI 2.284–443.145, P = 0.009). Increased BALF lymphocyte percentage was associated with high grade CIP, OR 1.095 (95% CI 1.001–1.197, P = 0.047), and higher possibility of CIP relapse, OR 1.123 (95% CI, 1.005–1.225, P = 0.040). Lymphocyte subsets were tested in 15 patients. CD4/CD8 > 1 was found in 80% (4/5) of relapsed patients and 20% (2/10) of patients without relapse (P = 0.047). The OR was 16.00 (95% CI 1.093–234.24, P = 0.043). In this retrospective study, patients with previous ILD was more likely to develop high grade CIP. Higher lymphocyte percentage in BALF was associated with high grade CIP and susceptibility to relapse during treatment of CIP. A CD4/CD8 ratio greater than 1 in lymphocyte subsets of BALF was associated with higher possibility of CIP relapse. We found that TBCB is a safe procedure in CIP patients.