bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food insecurity during pregnancy leads to stress, disordered eating, and greater postpartum weight among overweight women
Authors: Laraia Barbara , Vinikoor‐Imler Lisa C. , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of food insecurity on women's stress, disordered eating, dietary fat intake, and weight during the postpartum period.MethodsThe association between marginal food security and food insecurity—measured during pregnancy and postpartum—and stress, disordered eating, dietary fat intake, and weight at 3 and 12 months postpartum was estimated using multivariate linear regression, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and health behaviors. Effect modification between level of food insecurity and prepregnancy weight status was assessed, hypothesizing a stronger association would be found among women who started pregnancy with overweight or obesity.ResultsFood insecurity status during pregnancy was strongly associated with higher levels of stress, disordered eating, and dietary fat intake at 3 and 12 months postpartum; during the postpartum period, food insecurity was associated with these measures at 12 months postpartum. A significant interaction was found between level of food insecurity and prepregnancy weight status; food insecurity was associated with greater weight and BMI at 12 months only among women with overweight or obesity.ConclusionsIn order to return to one's prepregnancy weight, women with overweight and obesity who face household food insecurity may need multipronged assistance that not only addresses having enough high‐quality food, but also include stress reduction and eating behavior interventions.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk in children with obesity
Authors: Koot Bart G.P. , de Groot Eric , van der Baan‐Slootweg Olga H. , Bohte Anneloes E. , Nederveen Aart J. , Jansen Peter L.M. , Stoker Jaap , Benninga Marc A. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adults. It has not been established whether NAFLD is related to early atherosclerotic changes in children.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 78 non diabetic, non smoking children with severe obesity were evaluated for NAFLD. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to detect liver steatosis and serum ALT was used as a surrogate marker for steatohepatitis. Carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) and arterial wall stiffness were measured using ultrasound.ResultsSteatosis was present in 41 (53%) of subjects. Of these children, 26 out of 41 (63%) had elevated ALT levels. No differences in CIMT and arterial wall stiffness were observed between those without and with steatosis and those with steatosis plus elevated ALT levels [CIMT = 0.47 (±0.06), 0.48 (±0.06) and 0.48 (±0.07) mm, respectively; stiffness = 2.78 (±0.50), 3.00 (±0.81), and 2.90 (±0.78), respectively]. Steatosis and ALT were not correlated to CIMT (r = −0.02 and −0.14, respectively) or arterial wall stiffness (r = 0.13 and −0.11, respectively).ConclusionsIn this study, no relationship between NAFLD and early atherosclerotic changes in children was observed. An atherogenic effect of steatohepatitis (NASH) on pediatric age and long‐term atherogenic consequences of simple steatosis cannot be excluded based on this study.
Retracted: LA sprouts randomized controlled nutrition and gardening program reduces obesity and metabolic risk in latino youth
Authors: Gatto Nicole M. , Martinez Lauren C. , Spruijt‐Metz Donna , Davis Jaimie N. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of a 12‐week gardening, nutrition, and cooking intervention (“LA Sprouts”) on dietary intake, obesity parameters, and metabolic disease risk among low‐income, primarily Hispanic/Latino youth in Los Angeles.MethodsThe randomized controlled trial involved four elementary schools [two schools randomized to intervention (172 third–through fifth‐grade students); two schools randomized to control (147 third–through fifth‐grade students)]. Classes were taught in 90‐minute sessions once a week to each grade level for 12 weeks. Data collected at pre‐ and postintervention included dietary intake via food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), anthropometric measures [BMI, waist circumference (WC)], body fat, and fasting blood samples.ResultsLA Sprouts participants had significantly greater reductions in BMI z‐scores (0.1‐vs. 0.04‐point decrease, respectively; P = 0.01) and WC (−1.2 cm vs. no change; P < 0.001). Fewer LA Sprouts participants had the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) after the intervention than before, while the number of controls with MetSyn increased. LA Sprouts participants had improvements in dietary fiber intake (+3.5% vs. −15.5%; P = 0.04) and less decreases in vegetable intake (−3.6% vs. −26.4%; P = 0.04). Change in fruit intake before and after the intervention did not significantly differ between LA Sprouts and control subjects.ConclusionsLA Sprouts was effective in reducing obesity and metabolic risk.
Longitudinal body composition of children born to mothers with normal weight, overweight, and obesity
Authors: Andres Aline , Hull Holly R. , Shankar Kartik , Casey Patrick H. , Cleves Mario A. , Badger Thomas M. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThe longitudinal trajectories of body composition of children born to mothers with normal weight, overweight, and obesity have not been evaluated using precise body composition methods. This study investigated the relationship between maternal prepregnancy BMI and offspring body composition trajectories during the first 6 years of life.MethodsHealthy infants (N = 325) were assessed longitudinally (at ages 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years) using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Mixed‐effects regression for repeated measures was used to model each continuous outcome as a function of maternal BMI and covariates (race, gestational age, birth weight, and mode of infant feeding).ResultsMaternal obesity differentially impacted body fat, but not bone mineral content or density, of girls and boys. Boys born to mothers with obesity have higher body fat from ages 2–6 years compared to boys born to normal‐weight and overweight mothers (P < 0.05), whereas body composition of girls born to mothers with obesity was not different across groups during the first 6 years of life (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThis clinical observational study demonstrates a sexual dimorphism in offspring body composition until age 6 years based on maternal BMI, with a greater effect of maternal adiposity seen in boys than in girls.
Importance of substantial weight loss for altering gene expression during cardiovascular lifestyle modification
Authors: Ellsworth Darrell L. , Mamula Kimberly A. , Blackburn Heather L. , McDyer Fionnuala A. , Jellema Gera L. , van Laar Ryan , Costantino Nicholas S. , Engler Renata J.M. , Vernalis Marina N. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo examine relationships between weight loss through changes in lifestyle and peripheral blood gene expression profiles.MethodsA prospective nonrandomized trial was conducted over 1 year in participants undergoing intensive lifestyle modification to reverse or stabilize progression of coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory biomarkers, and gene expression as a function of weight loss were assessed in 89 lifestyle participants and 71 retrospectively matched controls undergoing usual care.ResultsSubstantial weight loss (−15.2 ± 3.8%) in lifestyle participants (n = 33) was associated with improvement in selected cardiovascular risk factors and significant changes in peripheral blood gene expression from pre‐ to post‐intervention: 132 unique genes showed significant expression changes (false discovery rate corrected P‐value <0.05 and fold‐change ≥1.4). Altered molecular pathways were related to immune function and inflammatory responses involving endothelial activation. In contrast, participants losing minimal weight (−3.1 ± 2.5%, n = 32) showed only minor changes in cardiovascular risk factors and markers of inflammation and no changes in gene expression compared to non intervention controls after 1 year.ConclusionsWeight loss (≥10%) during lifestyle modification is associated with down‐regulation of genetic pathways governing interactions between circulating immune cells and the vascular endothelium and may be required to successfully reduce CVD risk.
Relationship of thoracic fat depots with coronary atherosclerosis and circulating inflammatory biomarkers
Authors: Maurovich‐Horvat Pál , Kallianos Kimberly , Engel Leif‐Christopher , Szymonifka Jackie , Schlett Christopher L. , Koenig Wolfgang , Hoffmann Udo , Truong Quynh A. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the relationship of various thoracic fat depots with the presence and extent of coronary artery plaque and circulating biomarkers.MethodsIn 342 patients (52 ± 11 years, 61% male, BMI 29.1 ± 5.9 kg/m2) with coronary computed tomography (CT), angiography, we measured the fat volume in four thoracic depots (pericoronary, epicardial, periaortic, extracardiac), assessed coronary plaque, and determined the circulating levels of C‐reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and adiponectin. The extent of coronary plaque was classified into three groups: 0, 1−3, and >3 segments.ResultsPatients with plaque (n =169, 49%) had higher volumes of all four fat depots as compared to patients without plaque (all P < 0.01), despite similar BMI (P = 0.18). Extracardiac fat was most strongly correlated with BMI (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), while pericoronary fat was least (r = 0.21, P < 0.001). Only pericoronary fat remained associated with coronary plaque in adjusted analyses. Inflammatory biomarkers showed a positive correlation with pericoronary fat (all P < 0.0001), whereas adiponectin was not associated with this fat compartment (P = 0.60) and showed a negative correlation with all other fat depots (all P < 0.001).ConclusionsPericoronary fat is independently associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Its correlation with inflammatory biomarkers suggests that while systemic inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of CAD, there are additional local effects that may exist.
GPRC6a is not required for the effects of a high‐protein diet on body weight in mice
Authors: Kinsey‐Jones James S. , Alamshah Amin , McGavigan Anne K. , Spreckley Eleanor , Banks Katherine , Cereceda Monteoliva Nicholas , Norton Mariana , Bewick Gavin A. , Murphy Kevin G. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThe G‐protein coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A) is activated by proteinogenic amino acids and may sense amino acids in the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. The study investigated whether GPRC6A was necessary for the effects of low‐ and high‐protein diets on body weight and food intake in mice.MethodsThe role of GPRC6A in mediating the effects of a low‐protein diet on body weight was investigated in GPRC6a knockout (GPRC6a‐KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice fed a control diet (18% protein) or a low‐protein diet (6% protein) for 9 days. The role of GPRC6A in mediating the effects of a high‐protein diet on body weight was investigated in GPRC6a‐KO and WT mice fed a control diet (18% protein) or a high‐protein diet (50% protein) for 5 weeks.ResultsA high‐protein diet reduced body weight gain and food intake compared with a control diet in both WT and GPRC6a‐KO mice. A low‐protein diet decreased body weight gain in GPRC6a‐KO mice.ConclusionsGPRC6A was not necessary for the effects of a low‐ or high‐protein diet on body weight and likely does not play a role in protein‐induced satiety.
Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch modifies plasma chemerin in early and late post‐operative periods
Authors: Parlee Sebastian D. , Wang Yan , Poirier Paul , Lapointe Marc , Martin Julie , Bastien Marjorie , Cianflone Katherine , Goralski Kerry. B. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveBariatric surgery remains the most effective treatment for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Surgical benefit arises from early‐phase resolution of hyperglycemia and late‐phase weight loss. The adipokine chemerin is of interest given its roles in immunity, adipogenesis, and metabolism. The study objective was to examine the effects of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD‐DS) on plasma chemerin in the early and late post‐operative stages.Methods83 adults with obesity undergoing BPD‐DS, 45 obese non‐surgical controls, and 9 lean surgical controls were enrolled. Plasma parameters and anthropometric measures were obtained at baseline and at, early (24 h, 5 D) and late (6 months and 12 months) post‐operative stages.ResultsPlasma chemerin dropped from 176±49 ng/mL at baseline to 132±52 ng/mL 24 h after BPD‐DS, rebounded to 200±66 ng/mL after 5 D, and declined to 124±51 and 110±34 ng/mL after 6 and 12 months. Plasma chemerin correlated negatively with measures of inflammation and hepatic injury and positively with measures of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation in the early and late post‐operative periods, respectively.ConclusionsChemerin has a novel role in surgical injury but not hyperglycemia resolution early after BPD‐DS. Over the long term, plasma chemerin declines to a new set point that is partially determined by body fat reductions.
Effect of mineralocorticoid receptor blockade on hippocampal‐dependent memory in adults with obesity
Authors: Rotenstein Lisa S. , Sheridan Margaret , Garg Rajesh , Adler Gail K. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThe hippocampus is crucial for paired‐associate learning. Obesity is associated with increased mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activity in peripheral and possibly central tissues, decreased hippocampal size in humans, and impaired hippocampal learning in rodents. The MR is expressed in hippocampal neurons, and MR blockade improves hippocampal learning in obese animals. The goal of the study was to determine whether MR blockade would modulate paired‐associate learning in men and women with obesity.MethodsMen and women ages 20‐61 years with BMI between 30‐45 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 11; 7 women) or 50 mg spironolactone daily (n = 12; 7 women) for six weeks. At baseline and post‐treatment, subjects underwent a clinical and hormonal evaluation. They also underwent a computerized task that assesses paired‐associate learning and has been shown by functional magnetic resonance imaging to activate the hippocampus.ResultsIn an ANCOVA model that adjusted for baseline paired‐associate learning, age, and race, spironolactone treatment was associated with a significant (P = 0.043) improvement in hippocampal memory as compared to placebo treatment.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate, for the first time, that blocking MR with chronic, low‐dose spironolactone treatment improves paired‐associate learning in individuals with obesity, suggesting that MR activation contributes to hippocampal memory modulation in humans.
Predictors for Selection of Insurance‐Funded Weight Loss Approaches in Individuals With Severe Obesity
Authors: Matthews‐Ewald Molly R. , Myers Valerie H. , Newton Robert L. , Beyl Robbie , Waldo Krystal , Dufour Cody M. , Donato Sheletta G. , Champagne Catherine M. , Church Timothy , Ryan Donna H. , Brantley Phillip J. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo determine whether there are differences in baseline psychological and behavioral characteristics between individuals with severe obesity who chose a surgical or nonsurgical intervention for weight loss.MethodsThe current study utilized data from a larger study funded by a state insurance company and is unique in that the insurance company funded the weight loss interventions. Participants indicated their preferred method of weight loss, and completed several self‐report psychological questionnaires, as well as demographic information.ResultsParticipants (N = 605) were 58.8% Caucasian and mostly (86%) female. Logistic regression results indicated that an increased number of weight loss attempts, and select other measures of eating behavior and quality of life may influence individuals’ selection for either surgical or nonsurgical treatments for weight loss.ConclusionsPractitioners should pay particular attention to these baseline characteristics that influence choice to examine potential characteristics that may influence the success of these weight loss treatments.
Preparation and measurement of highly efficient a‐Si:H single junction solar cells and the advantages of μc‐SiOx:H n‐layers
Authors: Lambertz Andreas , Finger Friedhelm , Schropp Ruud E. I. , Rau Uwe , Smirnov Vladimir 
Published: May 2015

AbstractReducing the optical losses and increasing the reflection while maintaining the function of doped layers at the back contact in solar cells are important issues for many photovoltaic applications. One approach is to use doped microcrystalline silicon oxide (μc‐SiOx:H) with lower optical absorption in the spectral range of interest (300 nm to 1100 nm). To investigate the advantages, we applied the μc‐SiOx:H n‐layers to a‐Si:H single junction solar cells. We report on the comparison between amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) single junction solar cells with either μc‐SiOx:H n‐layers or non‐alloyed silicon n‐layers. The origin of the improved performance of a‐Si:H single junction solar cells with the μc‐SiOx:H n‐layer is identified by distinguishing the contributions because of the increased transparency and the reduced refractive index of the μc‐SiOx:H material. The solar cell parameters of a‐Si:H solar cells with both types of n‐layers were compared in the initial state and after 1000 h of light soaking in a series of solar cells with various absorber layer thicknesses. The measurement procedure for the determination of the solar cell performance is described in detail, and the measurement accuracy is evaluated and discussed. For an a‐Si:H single junction solar cell with a μc‐SiOx:H n‐layer, a stabilized efficiency of 10.3% after 1000 h light soaking is demonstrated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urinary extracellular vesicles for biomarker source to monitor polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Choi Dong‐Sic 
Published: May 2015

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayered lipid vesicles, 50–1000 nm in diameter and secreted by most types of cells. They contain many proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lipids that reflect the pathophysiological state of the cells they originate from, and are therefore considered to be a rich source of potential biomarkers. In this issue (Pocsfalvi, G. et al., Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2015, 9, 552–567), Pocsfalvi et al. conducted pioneering investigations to determine whether changes in the protein content of EVs occur during progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a common genetic disorder that predominantly affects the kidneys. Most significantly, iTRAQ‐based quantitative proteomics showed that cytoskeleton‐regulating and Ca2+‐binding proteins are differentially expressed in urinary EVs of ADPKD patients. Impressively, these proteins are involved in biological processes that are closely related to the pathogenic state of tubular epithelial cells in ADPKD, demonstrating the possibility to monitor the status of patients using urinary EVs.
Insecticide resistance status of Myzus persicae in Greece: long‐term surveys and new diagnostics for resistance mechanisms
Authors: Voudouris Costas Ch , Kati Amalia N , Sadikoglou Eldem , Williamson Martin , Skouras Panagiotis J , Dimotsiou Ourania , Georgiou Stella , Fenton Brian , Skavdis George , Margaritopoulos John T 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMyzus persicae nicotianae is an important pest in Greece, controlled mainly by neonicotinoids. Monitoring of the aphid populations for resistance mechanisms is essential for effective control.RESULTSTwo new RFLP‐based diagnostics for the detection of the M918T (super‐kdr pyrethroid resistance) and nAChR R81T (neonicotinoid resistance) mutations were applied, along with other established assays, on 131 nicotianae multilocus genotypes (MLGs) collected from tobacco and peach in Greece in 2012–2013. Furthermore, we present resistance data from aphid clones (>500, mainly nicotianae) collected in 2006–2007. About half of the clones tested with a diagnostic dose of imidacloprid were tolerant. The R81T mutation was not found in the 131 MLGs and 152 clones examined. Over half (58.6%) of a subset of 29 clones showed a 9–36‐fold overexpression of CYP6CY3. M918T was found at low to moderate frequencies. The kdr and MACE mechanisms and carboxylesterase‐based resistance were found at high frequency in all years.CONCLUSIONThe aphid retains costly resistance mechanisms even in the absence of pressure from certain insecticides, which could be attributed to factors related to climate and genetic properties of the populations. The indication of build‐up of resistance/tolerance to neonicotinoids, related to CYP6CY3 overexpression, is a matter of concern. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
How to bridge the boundary? Determinants of inter-organizational social software usage
Authors: Steinhueser Melanie , Richter Alexander , Smolnik Stefan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Based on their positive experiences with intra-organizational enterprise social software (ESS), the first organizations are currently deploying ESS in an inter-organizational context. Nevertheless, hardly any research has addressed aspects pertaining to the commonalities of and differences between ESS and existing forms of inter-organizational information systems (IOS). Following an information-processing view, and based on a systematic literature review, as well as on the results of an exploratory interview study, we propose a conceptual model of inter-organizational ESS usage and relevant usage determinants. Some of these are known from prior studies, but have not yet been applied to an inter-organizational context (e.g., trust, knowledge sharing, security), whereas others were newly identified in our interview study (e.g., confidentiality, productiveness, dynamics). The proposed model extends the current understanding of IOS and helps address the field of inter-organizational ESS usage more appropriately in theory and practice.