bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APTN au coeur du développement de la radiodiffusion autochtone au Canada
Authors: George Éric , Aubin France 
Published: March 2014

Ce texte est consacré à la place et au rôle d’APTN dans le développement des industries audiovisuelles autochtones. Les auteurs cherchent à établir dans quelle mesure la création de ce réseau a permis effectivement de favoriser un droit à la communication plus large de la part des peuples autochtones du Canada, entendu comme un accès à l’expression des idées, des valeurs, des traditions des Premières Nations, Métis et Inuits. Ils abordent ici cette question du point de vue des conditions économiques, politiques et sociales de production des contenus culturels ; ce qui conduit à considérer tout d’abord que, depuis sa naissance, APTN a tenu un rôle majeur afin de favoriser à la fois la production et la diffusion de contenus autochtones. Mais en visant le professionnalisme présent dans les médias de masse traditionnels, ne sommesnous pas ici assez loin d’une production autochtone qui aurait avant tout pour but de favoriser l’expression ? De cette question découle un constat : le statut d’APTN apparaît quelque peu ambigu entre secteurs public, privé et communautaire.
Formation à la vidéo et développement de médias audiovisuels pour les autochtones du Québec
Authors: Serpereau Antonin 
Published: March 2014

En quoi un projet d’intervention par la formation à la vidéo peut-il contribuer à l’émergence de médias autochtones ? C’est cette question qui est posée dans le présent article à travers le cas du Wapikoni mobile, organisme qui met sur pied des ateliers de formation vidéo dans des communautés autochtones du Québec depuis 2004. De manière exploratoire, l’auteur analyse l’histoire des médias audiovisuels publics autochtones du Grand Nord canadien pour voir dans quelle mesure ce projet peut participer au renforcement du paysage médiatique autochtone au Québec, notamment par rapport à la perspective de constitution de contre-publics subalternes.
Un journal de presse dans la société des Cris de la Baie James
Authors: Neural Samuel 
Published: March 2014

Créé en décembre 1993, le journalThe Nationest le bimensuel des Cris de la Baie James au Québec. Né de l’initiative de jeunes leaders dissidents en réaction aux négociations de la Convention de la Baie James et du Nord québécois, ce journal s’est très vite inscrit comme une scène de dialogue social dans une société où le journalisme était quasi inexistant jusque-là. L’auteur se penche sur les pratiques journalistiques qui vont se déployer en trois temps : tout d’abord en abordant le travail des journalistes dans les contraintes d’une structure organisationnelle d’interdépendance avec une hiérarchie informelle ; ensuite en considérant les rapports des journalistes avec leurs sources et les liens particuliers qui les lient entre eux ; enfin en examinant la construction des rubriques dans le contexte culturel d’une société en train de redéfinir ses fondements sociaux.
The influence of magnetic flux depletion on the magnetotail and auroral morphology during the substorm growth phase
Authors: Hsieh M.‐S. , Otto A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe substorm growth phase is characterized by the equatorward motion of the growth phase arc close to or even into the region of diffuseaurora characteristic for a dipolar magnetic field. The presented study examines changes of the near‐Earth current sheet and of the mapping of magnetotail feature into the auroral ionosphere based on midnight magnetic flux depletion (MFD) in the near‐Earth tail. Midnight MFD is caused by sunward convection to replenish magnetic flux that is eroded on the dayside by magnetic reconnection during periods of southward interplanetary magnetic field. The results demonstrate that MFD causes the formation of a very thin current sheet in the near‐Earth tail. It is found that the removal of magnetic flux in the near‐Earth tail causes a contraction of the ionospheric footpoints of this tail region such that all of the mapped magnetotail structures move equatorward by about 2 to 3°. The thin current layer is mapped into the region where magnetic flux is strongly depleted and in close proximity with strong and narrow regions 1 and 2 sense field‐aligned currents. The ionospheric maps show a sharp transition between the dipole and stretched magnetic field and an evolution of thinning and convergent motion of field‐aligned currents in the late growth phase. The results are obtained without loading of magnetic flux and energy into the tail lobes, demonstrating that many typical growth phase properties can be attributed to the depletion of near‐Earth closed magnetic flux.
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave modeling during the geospace environment modeling challenge event
Authors: Chen Lunjin , Jordanova Vania K. , Spasojević Maria , Thorne Richard M. , Horne Richard B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe investigate the temporal evolution and the spatial distribution of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves during the 8–11 June 2001 geomagnetic storm, one of the storms selected for study by the Geospace Environment Modeling program. Generations of EMIC waves in the H+, He+, and O+ bands are simulated using the kinetic ring current‐atmosphere interactions model with a self‐consistent magnetic field and a ray tracing code. Simulations show that strong wave gain occurs in the afternoon sector at L > 5 and overlaps with a high‐density plasmaspheric drainage plume. EMIC wave gain maximizes during the main phase and decreases in the recovery phase. We find that EMIC wave gain is stronger in the He+ band than in the other two bands in the inner magnetosphere, except the region of low L (< 3) where the H+ band is dominant due to an enhancement in the ring current anisotropy. Little wave gain is obtained for the O+ band. Comparison with in situ EMIC events and EMIC event proxies at five geosynchronous satellites shows consistence in the temporal and local time evolution of the wave distribution. Our simulations of the EMIC wave distribution also agree with proton aurora at subauroral latitudes observed from the Imager for Magnetopause‐to‐Aurora Global Exploration satellite.
Digit ratio (2D:4D) in Chinese women with breast cancer
Authors: Hong Lu , Zhan‐Bing Ma , Zhi‐Yun Shi , Xiao‐Xia Song , Jun‐Li Zhao , Zheng‐Hao Huo 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesDigit ratio, especially second‐to‐fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is established in utero and is positively correlated with oestrogen in men and women. It is a putative biomarker for prenatal hormone exposure and may represent an individual predisposition to certain diseases (e.g., breast cancer). The aim of the present study is to investigate whether there is a link between digit ratio (2D:4D) and breast cancer in Chinese populations.MethodsThe controls we chose were healthy subjects‐age and ‐sex matched to the patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Photocopies of the two hands of 218 women (controls: 109; patients: 109) were collected. Left hand, right hand, mean hand, and right minus left 2D:4D (Dr−l) were analyzed.ResultsThe patients with breast cancer presented significantly higher 2D:4D than controls (left: P < 0.01; right: P < 0.05; mean: P < 0.05). The mean values of 2D:4D on the left hand were significantly higher than those on the right hand in the two groups, respectively (controls: P < 0.05; patients: P ≤ 0.01). In patients, there was a significantly negative correlation between 2D:4D (left hand: P < 0.01; right hand, mean: P < 0.05) and the presented age with breast cancer, but no association between Dr−l and age of presented disease.ConclusionsDigit ratio (2D:4D) may correlate with the increased risk of breast cancer. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:562–564, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bleaching of Cotton/polyamide fabrics with enzymes and peracetic acid
Authors: Usluoglu Ayse , Arabaci Gulnur 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTPresently biotechnology plays an important role especially in the field of environmental protection. In the textile industry, enzymes are often used in many technological processes as they are ecological. This study attempted to introduce the bio‐processes in the conventional scouring and bleaching preparation of cotton/polyamide (PA) fabric. We investigated the utilization of peracetic acid formed in situ from reaction of tetraacetylethylenediamine with sodium perborate to affecting bleaching process by using lipase, protease, cellulase, pectinase enzymes. Fabric wettability, tensile strength, whiteness index were taken as a measure of the extent of cotton/PA bleaching. The optimized bleaching recipe and processing were compared with conventional process. Results obtained that, cotton/PA fabric bleached with peracetic acid and either lipase, protease, cellulase or pectinase enzyme shows excellent wettability and acceptable whiteness index. The optimum bleaching recipe consists of 20 g/L, tetraacetylethylenediamine; 12 g/L, sodium perborate; 2 g/L, enzymes; and 1 g/L non‐ionic wetting agent; the treatment was carried out at 60 °C for 45 min. This bio‐process achieved high quality cotton/PA fabric whiteness to the conventional system at much shorter batch times and with significantly reduced fabric strange lost and alkali consumption, which would be beneficial to the textile industry. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Braess' paradox in a generalised traffic network
Authors: Zverovich Vadim , Avineri Erel 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBraess' paradox illustrates situations when adding a new link to a transport network might lead to an equilibrium state in which travel times of users will increase. The classical network configuration introduced by Braess in 1968 to demonstrate the paradox is of fundamental significance because Valiant and Roughgarden showed in 2006 that ‘the “global” behaviour of an equilibrium flow in a large random network is similar to that in Braess' original four‐node example’. Braess' paradox has been studied mainly in the context of the classical problem introduced by Braess and his colleagues, assuming a certain type of symmetry in networks. Specifically, two pairs of links in those networks are assumed to have the same volume‐delay functions. The occurrence of Braess' paradox for this specific case of network symmetry was investigated by Pas and Principio in 1997. Such a symmetry is not common in real‐life networks because the parameters of volume‐delay functions are associated with roads physical and functional characteristics, which typically differ from one link to another. This research provides an extension of previous studies on Braess' paradox by considering arbitrary volume‐delay functions, that is, symmetry properties are not assumed for any of the network's links and the occurrence of Braess' paradox is studied for a general configuration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactions of Nucleophiles with Nitroarenes: Multifacial and Versatile Electrophiles
Authors: Mąkosza Mieczysław 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this overview, it is shown that there are many initial reactions between nitroarenes and nucleophiles: addition to the electron‐deficient ring at positions occupied by halogen and hydrogen atoms, addition to the nitro group, single‐electron transfer (SET), and other types of initial reactions. The resulting intermediates react further in a variety of ways to form products of nucleophilic substitution of a halogen atom (SNAr), a hydrogen atom (SNArH), and others. Many variants of these processes are briefly discussed, particularly in relation of rates of the initial reactions and further transformations.
Tuning the Electronic Nature of Mono‐Bay Alkynyl–Phenyl‐Substituted Perylene Bisimides: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Mishra Ruchika , Lim Jong Min , Son Minjung , Panini Piyush , Kim Dongho , Sankar Jeyaraman 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPerylene bisimide (PBI) derivatives with various alkynyl–phenyl substituents at a single bay position have been synthesised by Sonogashira coupling. NMR spectroscopic studies reveal the unsymmetric nature of the dyads. All of the dyads undergo two reversible reductions, which demonstrates their structural and electrochemical rigidity. The synthesised dyads show a remarkable redshift in their absorption maxima and sharp vibronic progression. Electron‐rich substituents facilitate efficient charge transfer from the substituent HOMO to the electron‐deficient PBI core. The most interesting spectral signatures were exhibited by a PBI with a strongly electron‐donating ethynyl(dimethylaminophenyl) substituent. The steady‐state features of this PBI showed a broad absorption that covered almost the whole visible region with no emission. A twisted intramolecular charge‐transfer (TICT) process, related to the rotational motion of ethynyl(dimethylaminophenyl) PBI, was also demonstrated. Computational investigations shed light on the coplanarity of the various substituents with respect to the PBI core; the PBI core itself remains flat without any noticeable deformation even after mono‐functionalisation. This illustrates that mono‐functionalisation exerts meagre steric hindrance on the bay positions relative to disubstituted analogues. Despite several previous reports on the structural characterisation of 1,7‐disubstituted PBI derivatives, we present the first structural characterisation of a mono‐bay ethynyl‐phenyl substituted PBI. The solid‐state structure of the phenyl derivative has a flat PBI core without any noticeable steric constraints from the substituents, as predicted. In contrast, single‐crystal X‐ray analysis for the mono‐bromo bay‐substituted PBI shows that the bromine substituent is not in the plane of the PBI core.
Regioselective Functionalization of Core‐Persubstituted Perylene Diimides
Authors: Yue Wan , Jiang Wei , Böckmann Marcus , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Wang Zhaohui 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRegioselective functionalization of core per‐substituted perylene diimides has been achieved efficiently based on a new versatile building block, named tetrabromotetrachloro‐perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (Br4Cl4‐PTCDA), which affords a series of novel chromophores with impressive optoelectronic properties. Direct palladium‐catalyzed fourfold intramolecular ring fusion affords successfully unique propeller‐shaped biscarbazole[2,3‐b]carbazole diimides with six annulated rings.
Reversible, Photoinduced Activation of P4 by Low‐Coordinate Main Group Compounds
Authors: Dube Jonathan W. , Graham Cameron M. E. , Macdonald Charles L. B. , Brown Zachary D. , Power Philip P. , Ragogna Paul J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTwo unique systems based on low‐coordinate main group elements that activate P4 are shown to quantitatively release the phosphorus cage upon short exposure to UV light. This reactivity marks the first reversible reactivity of P4, and the germanium system can be cycled 5 times without appreciable loss in activity. Theoretical calculations reveal that the LUMO is antibonding with respect to the main group element–phosphorus bonds and bonding with respect to reforming the P4 tetrahedron, providing a rationale for this unprecedented activity, and suggesting that the process is tunable based on the substituents.
Computational ECD Spectrum Simulation of the Phytotoxin Scytalone: Importance of Solvent Effects on Conformer Populations
Authors: Mazzeo Giuseppe , Cimmino Alessio , Andolfi Anna , Evidente Antonio , Superchi Stefano 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA time‐dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) computational simulation of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum of the phytotoxin scytalone (1), produced by different plant pathogenic fungi and involved in melanin production, was undertaken with the aim to establish a nonempirical correlation between the spectrum and the absolute configuration of this compound. In fact, very low optical rotation data of 1 do not afford a reliable absolute configuration assignment while, on the contrary, the use of ECD can provide a useful tool for its stereochemical description. This structurally simple molecule displayed a considerable molecular flexibility, which made it mandatory to obtain an accurate conformers distribution to get a good reproduction of the experimental ECD spectrum. Only the application of an implicit integral equation formalism Polarizable Continuum Model (IEF‐PCM) solvation model in the calculations allowed us to properly describe the conformer populations and finally obtain a more than satisfactory spectral simulation. Chirality 26:502–508, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lixisenatide as add‐on to oral anti‐diabetic therapy: an effective treatment for glycaemic control with body weight benefits in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Raccah Denis , Gourdy Pierre , Sagnard Luc , Ceriello Antonio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundAchieving recommended glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) targets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires effective control of fasting and post‐prandial plasma glucose. As T2DM progresses, oral anti‐diabetics are no longer sufficient to maintain glycaemic control. Five phase III studies in the GetGoal clinical trial programme assessed the efficacy of lixisenatide, a once‐daily prandial glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, in combination with oral anti‐diabetics in patients with T2DM insufficiently controlled using oral anti‐diabetics.MethodsA meta‐analysis was performed of the results of five 24‐week clinical trials (comprising 2760 patients) concerning lixisenatide or placebo plus oral anti‐diabetic therapy. The primary endpoint of these studies was change in HbA1c at week 24. Changes in fasting and post‐prandial plasma glucose, and weight were also established as were the odds ratios for hypoglycaemia and composite safety and efficacy endpoints. Meta‐analysis outcomes were assessed using a random effects model. All meta‐analyses were performed using RevMan, version 5.1.ResultsLixisenatide was significantly better than placebo in terms of achieving all endpoints in this meta‐analysis, including the primary endpoint change in HbA1c at week 24, with p < 0.0001 for all endpoints. The mean number of symptomatic hypoglycaemic events per patient year was increased for patients in the lixisenatide versus placebo groups (p = 0.04). However, compared with patients in the placebo group, patients treated with lixisenatide were more likely to achieve composite efficacy and safety endpoints.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis demonstrates that lixisenatide in combination with oral anti‐diabetic therapy significantly improves outcomes combining efficacy and safety parameters in patients with T2DM. © 2014 The Authors. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cortisol awakening response and spatial working memory in man: a U‐shaped relationship
Authors: Moriarty Andrew S. , Bradley Andrew J. , Anderson Kirstie N. , Watson Stuart , Gallagher Peter , McAllister‐Williams R. Hamish 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThe association between hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)‐axis function and cognition has long been investigated. An inverted U‐shaped relationship has been described between various measures of HPA‐axis function and neuropsychological performance in animals and man. Work with glucocorticoid receptor manipulation has corroborated these findings, with particular effects observed in relation to spatial working memory (SWM). As HPA‐axis dysfunction is frequently found in patients with psychiatric illness, research in this area has potential implications for the treatment of the commonly observed cognitive impairment in such disorders. Here, we present the results of a pilot study examining the relationship between cortisol awakening response (CAR) and cognitive functions known to be susceptible to HPA‐axis manipulation.MethodsNineteen healthy male volunteers were recruited, and their CAR and performance in a task of SWM were assessed.ResultsA highly significant quadratic relationship was observed between the CAR and SWM error rate (R2 = 0.63, p = 0.001).ConclusionWe provide novel evidence supporting the existence of an inverted U‐shaped relationship between corticosteroid levels and cognitive function in humans. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting the “First dose in children” of CYP3A‐metabolized drugs: Evaluation of scaling approaches and insights into the CYP3A7‐CYP3A4 switch at young ages
Authors: Strougo Ashley , Yassen Ashraf , Monnereau Claire , Danhof Meindert , Freijer Jan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFirst‐dose‐in‐children relies on the prediction of clearance from adults for which little information is available on the accuracy of the scaling‐approaches applied. For CYP3A‐metabolized compounds, scaling of clearance is further challenged by different isoforms and by the CYP3A7 to CYP3A4 switch at young ages. This investigation aimed to evaluate the accuracy of two frequently used scaling approaches and to gain insights into the ontogeny of CYP3A. Hence, a literature database was compiled containing 203 clearance values from term‐neonates to adults for 18 CYP3A‐metabolized compounds. The clearances in adults were scaled to children using (i) allometric scaling plus maturation function and (ii) a mechanistic approach based on the well‐stirred model. Three maturation functions were separately evaluated. In children >3 months, all approaches were interchangeable heeding the maturation function applied and biases were mostly observed in children <3 months. The results from a sensitivity analysis indicate that these biases are possibly caused by disregarding the CYP3A7 activity which could account for up to 86% of the metabolism in term‐neonates. Only the mechanistic approach using an overall‐CYP3A maturation function led to unbiased predictions of clearances across all ages. The current investigation adds to the predictions of the first‐dose‐in‐children of compounds (partially) metabolized by CYP3A.
MRI evaluation of the adaptive response of the contralateral kidney following nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Su Mao‐Yuan M. , Huang Kuo‐How , Chang Chin‐Chen , Wu Vin‐Cent , Wu Wen‐Chau , Liu Kao‐Lang , Tseng Wen‐Yih I. 
Published: March 2014

PurposeTo study the adaptive responses of the contralateral kidney and its association with renal outcome in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) following radical nephrectomy (RN).Materials and MethodsEleven patients with RCC scheduled for RN and 15 control patients scheduled for adrenalectomy (Control) were prospectively recruited. All subjects underwent 4 MRI studies: 1 before surgery and 3 at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after surgery, respectively. T2‐weighted imaging and dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging were performed to estimate the renal volume and renal blood flow (RBF) of the contralateral kidney, respectively. The patients' serum creatinine levels were examined to determine the estimated glomerular filtration rate (e‐GFR). The changes in renal volume at 3 months and both RBF and e‐GFR during the serial follow‐up were compared and associations between both of them were measured in both groups.ResultsIn the RN group, RBF increased at 1 week (2.78 ± 0.93 mL/min/g, P = 0.002) and 1 month (2.65 ± 0.85 mL/min/g, P = 0.002), compared with presurgical values (1.94 ± 0.61 mL/min/g), and it returned to presurgical levels at 3 months (2.11 ± 0.73 mL/min/g, P = 0.432). In contrast, e‐GFR decreased at 1 week (56.4 ± 20.3 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.049) and 1 month (52.4 ± 18.8 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.027), compared with presurgical values (66.3 ± 18.3 mL/min/1.73 m2), and it returned to presurgical levels at 3 months (73.3 ± 29.5 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.496). The renal volume increased at 3 months compared with baseline (198 ± 87 versus 329 ± 175 mL, P < 0.001). The change in renal volume was correlated with the change in RBF at 1 week (r = 0.609, P = 0.047).ConclusionIn patients with RCC following RN, an early increase in RBF of the contralateral kidney is associated with late renal hypertrophy which might normalize glomerular hyperfiltration and restore renal function. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:822–828. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.