bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic modification of the association of paraquat and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Goldman Samuel M. , Kamel Freya , Ross G. Webster , Bhudhikanok Grace S. , Hoppin Jane A. , Korell Monica , Marras Connie , Meng Cheryl , Umbach David M. , Kasten Meike , Chade Anabel R. , Comyns Kathleen , Richards Marie B. , Sandler Dale P. , Blair Aaron , Langston J. William , Tanner Caroline M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractParaquat is one of the most widely used herbicides worldwide. It produces a Parkinson's disease (PD) model in rodents through redox cycling and oxidative stress (OS) and is associated with PD risk in humans. Glutathione transferases provide cellular protection against OS and could potentially modulate paraquat toxicity. We investigated PD risk associated with paraquat use in individuals with homozygous deletions of the genes encoding glutathione S‐transferase M1 (GSTM1) or T1 (GSTT1). Eighty‐seven PD subjects and 343 matched controls were recruited from the Agricultural Health Study, a study of licensed pesticide applicators and spouses in Iowa and North Carolina. PD was confirmed by in‐person examination. Paraquat use and covariates were determined by interview. We genotyped subjects for homozygous deletions of GSTM1 (GSTM1*0) and GSTT1 (GSTT1*0) and tested interaction between paraquat use and genotype using logistic regression. Two hundred and twenty‐three (52%) subjects had GSTM1*0, 95 (22%) had GSTT1*0, and 73 (17%; all men) used paraquat. After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no interaction with GSTM1. In contrast, GSTT1 genotype significantly modified the association between paraquat and PD. In men with functional GSTT1, the odds ratio (OR) for association of PD with paraquat use was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6–3.6); in men with GSTT1*0, the OR was 11.1 (95% CI: 3.0–44.6; P interaction: 0.027). Although replication is needed, our results suggest that PD risk from paraquat exposure might be particularly high in individuals lacking GSTT1. GSTT1*0 is common and could potentially identify a large subpopulation at high risk of PD from oxidative stressors such as paraquat. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Utility of ultrasound‐guided near‐nerve needle recording for lateral femoral cutaneous sensory nerve conduction study: Does it increase reliability compared with surface recording?
Authors: Deimel George W. , Hurst Richard W. , Sorenson Eric J. , Boon Andrea J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of a near‐nerve needle recording technique in lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS). Methods: Bilateral LFCN sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) were recorded from 10 healthy volunteers using surface and near‐nerve needle recording electrodes. Absolute amplitudes were compared side‐to‐side in each subject and between the 2 techniques. Results: Near‐nerve needle electrode recording amplitude was significantly higher when compared with surface electrode recording (surface 9 μV, needle 58 μV; P < 0.0001), whereas side‐to‐side variability did not differ (surface 37%, needle 37%; P = 0.94). Conclusions: We propose that near‐nerve needle recording is a simple technique to employ for clinicians with experience in ultrasound‐guided needle placement, especially when evaluation is critical and responses are difficult to obtain. However, given the degree of side‐to‐side variability in healthy subjects, we recommend caution when interpreting side‐to‐side differences. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Batch scheduling with step‐deteriorating processing times to minimize flowtime
Authors: Mor Baruch , Mosheiov Gur 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBoth topics of batch scheduling and of scheduling deteriorating jobs have been very popular among researchers in the last two decades. In this article, we study a model combining these two topics. We consider a classical batch scheduling model with unit‐jobs and batch‐independent setup times, and a model of step‐deterioration of processing times. The objective function is minimum flowtime. The optimal solution of the relaxed version (allowing non‐integer batch sizes) is shown to have a unique structure consisting of two consecutive decreasing arithmetic sequences of batch sizes. We also introduce a simple and efficient rounding procedure that guarantees integer batch sizes. The entire solution procedure requires an effort of O(n) (where nis the number of jobs.) © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012
Consistency in the safety labeling of bioequivalent medications
Authors: Duke Jon , Friedlin Jeff , Li Xiaochun 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeBioequivalent medications are required by the Food and Drug Administration to have identical warnings on their labels. This requirement has both clinical and legal importance, yet has never been validated. We sought to determine the real‐world consistency of electronic labeling for bioequivalent drugs from different manufacturers.MethodsUsing natural language processing, we indexed the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) found in the Adverse Reactions and Post‐Marketing sections of 9105 structured product labels. We calculated the standard deviation in ADR labeling for each bioequivalent drug and the percent deviation of each generic label from its corresponding brand. We also analyzed the performance of individual generic manufacturers. For the 25 drugs with the greatest discrepancy in labeled ADRs, we performed manual review to identify causes of inconsistency.Results68% of multi‐manufacturer drugs had discrepancies in ADR labeling. For a given drug, the mean deviation in number of labeled ADRs was 4.4, and the median was 0.8 (IQR 0 to 3.2). The mean range in number of labeled ADRs was 12 +/− 0.9, and the median was 2 (IQR 0 to 9). Overall, 77.9% of generic manufacturers produced labels differing from brand. Causes of inconsistency included missing tables, outdated post‐marketing reports, and formatting issues.ConclusionsDespite FDA mandate, bioequivalent drugs often differ in their safety labeling. Physicians should be aware of such differences and regulators should consider new strategies for harmonizing bioequivalent labels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kanamycin A: imine formation in aqueous solution
Authors: Fuentes‐Martínez Yanet , Godoy‐Alcántar Carolina , Medrano Felipe , Dikiy Alexander 
Published: October 2012

Imine formation in aqueous solution of kanamycin A with pyridoxal 5'‐phosphate and other aldehydes was studied by potentiometry, NMR spectroscopy and computational chemistry. It was found that imines are formed with yields near 100 % at pH 7 in equimolar reactant ratio. In order to identify the kanamycin amino groups involved in the reaction, a NMR spectroscopic study was conducted. The structures of possible imines formed between kanamycin and FURAN or PLP were optimized by molecular mechanics with the OPLS‐2005 force field. The 1H NMR spectra were calculated at the DFT‐GIAO B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory for all structures and compared with the experimentally observed spectra. From these results a probable structure of the imines was proposed. The results obtained in this work show that kanamycin has the ability to form imine derivatives in high yields due to its anion recognition properties.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of a brief early intervention for reducing posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depressive symptoms in newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Kangas Maria , Milross Chris , Taylor Alan , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveHead and neck cancer (HNC) patients have a high incidence of cancer‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety and depressive disorders. We report the results from the first pilot randomized controlled trial in which the efficacy of an early cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) program was compared with a non‐directive supportive counseling (SC) intervention in reducing PTSD, general anxiety and depressive symptoms, and improving perceived quality of life in newly diagnosed, distressed HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy.Patients and methodsThirty‐five HNC patients (mean age = 54.8 years; 80% males) with elevated levels of PTSD, depression or anxiety were randomized to seven individual sessions of a multi‐modal CBT or non‐directive SC, concurrent with patients' radiotherapy. The SC intervention provided non‐directive counseling support. PTSD, anxiety and depressive symptoms (primary outcomes), and cancer‐related appraisals and quality of life (secondary outcomes) were assessed pre‐intervention (baseline), 1 month, 6 months and 12 months post‐intervention by diagnostic clinical interviews and validated self‐report questionnaires.ResultsThe CBT and SC interventions were found to be equal in their effects in reducing PTSD and anxiety symptoms both in the short and longer term. However, up to 67% of patients in the CBT program no longer met clinical or sub‐clinical PTSD, anxiety and/or depression by 12 months post‐treatment compared with 25% of patients who received SC.ConclusionFindings indicate that the early provision of psychotherapy has utility in reducing PTSD, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and preventing chronic psychopathology in distressed HNC patients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase‐change memory: Science and applications
Authors: Kolobov Alexander V. , Popescu Mihai 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNote after publication:The October 2012 issue of physica status solidi (b) was dedicated to the 90th birthday of Stanford Robert Ovshinsky. After the publication of the online version of the special issue, sad news came: on 17 October 2012, Stan Ovshinsky passed away, a month short of his 90th anniversary. ‐ Read the Obituary in the November issue [Phys. Status Solidi B 249(11), 2055–2056 (2012)].
A Novel Multi‐hidden Semi‐Markov Model for Degradation State Identification and Remaining Useful Life Estimation
Authors: Su Chun , Shen Jinyun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWith the increase of product reliability, collecting time‐to‐failure data is becoming difficult, and degradation‐based method has gained popularity. In this paper, a novel multi‐hidden semi‐Markov model is proposed to identify degradation and estimate remaining useful life of a system. Multiple fused features are used to describe the degradation process so as to improve the effectiveness and accuracy. The similarities of the features are depicted by a new variable combined with forward and backward variables to reduce computational effort. The degradation state is identified using modified Viterbi algorithm, in which linear function is adopted to describe the contribution of each feature to the state recognition. Subsequently, the remaining useful life can be forecasted by backward recursive equations. A case study is presented, and the results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GEOMORPHOLOGY AND FLOODING SHAPE FISH DISTRIBUTION IN A LARGE‐SCALE TEMPERATE FLOODPLAIN
Authors: Górski K. , Buijse A. D. , Winter H. V. , De Leeuw J. J. , Compton T. J. , Vekhov D. A. , Zolotarev D. V. , Verreth J. A. J , Nagelkerke L. A. J. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTNatural river‐floodplain systems are characterized by their dynamic hydrology and diverse geomorphology resulting in a wide range of habitats that support high fish diversity and production. Various factors (e.g. hydrological dynamics, water quality, and biotic processes) have been proposed to explain fish distribution in large river floodplains, but it is still widely acknowledged that the mechanisms involved may vary in diverse floodplain systems and that they are not fully understood. To determine how flooding dynamics and floodplain geomorphology influence fish species distributions across the Volga‐Akhtuba floodplain, Russian Federation, we examined the distributions of eight species with respect to variables reflecting floodplain hydrology and geomorphology. On the basis of fish catches in 40 floodplain water bodies at the end of summer in 2006–2008, we found that frequency of occurrence of most fish species remained stable along the time. The distribution of fish species was strongly influenced by the size and shape of water bodies as well as flood extent. Therefore, the long‐term flood variability that drives the geomorphic heterogeneity of the floodplain creates suitable habitats across ranges of fish flow guilds (rheophilic, eurytopic, and limnophilic), resulting in high diversity of the floodplain ichthyofauna. We conclude that this diverse habitat availability is a highly significant factor influencing fish distribution in the Volga‐Akhtuba floodplain. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MOMENTUM, ENERGY AND DRAG COEFFICIENTS FOR ICE‐COVERED RIVERS
Authors: Attar S. , Li S. S. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTA lack of reliable hydraulic parameters has been a main factor hindering the progress in predicting ice‐covered river flows; the predictions need input hydraulic parameters such as the energy, momentum and drag coefficients (α, β and CD). In this paper, a large volume of winter measurements of flow velocity collected from 26 ice‐covered rivers is analysed to determine the coefficients. Using cross‐sectionally distributed streamwise velocities, α and β are evaluated directly. They are also derived from empirical relationships. For both the riverbed and ice cover, CD is evaluated on the basis of turbulent boundary‐layer theory and the quadratic law for friction. The results show that ice‐covered river flows feature a number of velocity distributions: a single core of high velocities in the thalweg, a single core of high velocities off the thalweg and multiple cores of relatively high velocities at the cross section. The velocity distributions are significantly non‐uniform. Direct evaluations give overall averages of α = 1.23 and β = 1.08. They represent 22% and 8.3% corrections to the literature values (overestimates). An examination of the velocity distributions reveals that the ratio of the maximum velocity to the cross‐sectionally averaged velocity equals 1.356. It is recommended that values of CD = 0.004 ± 0.0005 and 0.002 ± 0.0005 be used for the riverbed and ice, respectively. This paper discusses turbulence shear stress and the associated length scale in the boundary layer as well as winter discharges. The results have applications to aquatic ecology, water resources development and flood prevention. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A proactive approach to intrusion detection and malware collection
Authors: Chen Chia‐Mei , Cheng Sheng‐Tzong , Zeng Ruei‐Yu 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTNetwork continues to be under various attacks every day. One common attack is to use password guessing to intrude a machine and then to inject malware or botnet for future control. To develop counter measures, honeypot technique, which simulates a real system, is often used for capturing attack patterns, malware or botnet, and malware download sites. However, neither low‐interaction nor medium‐interaction honeypot could simulate well the behaviors in a true system as a result of the inborn restrictions in the technology so that the honeypot might be discovered by an attacker or malware. This study proposes a new honeypot system, Jingu, which is constructed with a true environment plus protection mechanism from being circumvented. The proposed high‐interactive honeypot system, Jingu, can achieve the following goals: (1) not be perceived by attackers; (2) to protect against being attacked; (3) to record and learn attack behaviors; (4) to capture malware; and (5) to collect valuable information for detection purpose.Jingu has been deployed on a real network for 2 years. Comparing with the low‐interactive honeypot, honeyd, Jingu can successfully catch attack behaviors as well as can capture malware. The results show that the proposed system is able to block real attacks and to collect valuable information for future detection and malware analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate policy processes, local institutions, and adaptation actions: mechanisms of translation and influence
Authors: Agarwal Arun , Perrin Nicolas , Chhatre Ashwini , Benson Catherine S. , Kononen Minna 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper reviews and synthesizes the published literature on decentralization of renewable resources and development interventions to identify four key lessons for future adaptation planning at the national level. After presenting an analysis of why studies of decentralization reforms are relevant to adaptation planning, the paper examines priority adaptation projects identified by 47 Least Developed Countries in their National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs). Our research analyzes the range of institutional instruments and relationships visible in contemporary decentralization reforms. The four major lessons for adaptation planning concern the need for national adaptation planners to: (1) attend systematically to local institutions relevant to adaptation and increase local capacity through transfers of information, financial, and technical resources; (2) empower communities and local governments by increasing local autonomy so as to decentralize adaptation planning and implementation; (3) create mechanisms for information sharing among decision makers across sectors and levels of decision making; and (4) improve accountability of local decision makers to their constituents.WIREs Clim Change2012, 3:565–579. doi: 10.1002/wcc.193This article is categorized under:Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Forests and trees for social adaptation to climate variability and change
Authors: Pramova Emilia , Locatelli Bruno , Djoudi Houria , Somorin Olufunso A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEcosystems provide important services that can help people adapt to climate variability and change. Recognizing this role of ecosystems, several international and nongovernmental organizations have promoted an ecosystem‐based approach to adaptation. We review the scientific literature related to ecosystem‐based adaptation (EBA) with forests and trees, and highlight five cases in which forests and trees can support adaptation: (1) forests and trees providing goods to local communities facing climatic threats; (2) trees in agricultural fields regulating water, soil, and microclimate for more resilient production; (3) forested watersheds regulating water and protecting soils for reduced climate impacts; (4) forests protecting coastal areas from climate‐related threats; and (5) urban forests and trees regulating temperature and water for resilient cities. The literature provides evidence that EBA with forests and trees can reduce social vulnerability to climate hazards; however, uncertainties and knowledge gaps remain, particularly for regulating services in watersheds and coastal areas. Few studies have been undertaken on EBA specifically, but the abundant literature on ecosystem services can be used to fill knowledge gaps. Many studies assess the multiple benefits of ecosystems for human adaptation or well‐being, but also recognize trade‐offs between ecosystem services. Better understanding is needed of the efficiency, costs, and benefits, and trade‐offs of EBA with forests and trees. Pilot projects under implementation could serve as learning sites and existing information could be systematized and revisited with a climate change adaptation lens. WIREs Clim Change 2012, 3:581–596. doi: 10.1002/wcc.195This article is categorized under:

Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Modeling Species and Community Interactions
Multidimensional scaling
Authors: Hout Michael C. , Papesh Megan H. , Goldinger Stephen D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe concept of similarity, or a sense of ‘sameness’ among things, is pivotal to theories in the cognitive sciences and beyond. Similarity, however, is a difficult thing to measure. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a tool by which researchers can obtain quantitative estimates of similarity among groups of items. More formally, MDS refers to a set of statistical techniques that are used to reduce the complexity of a data set, permitting visual appreciation of the underlying relational structures contained therein. The current paper provides an overview of MDS. We discuss key aspects of performing this technique, such as methods that can be used to collect similarity estimates, analytic techniques for treating proximity data, and various concerns regarding interpretation of the MDS output. MDS analyses of two novel data sets are also included, highlighting in step‐by‐step fashion how MDS is performed, and key issues that may arise during analysis. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:93–103. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1203This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Construction of a cytosolic firefly luciferase reporter cassette for use in PCR‐mediated gene deletion and fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ainsworth W. B. , Rome C. M. , Hjortsø M. A. , Benton M. G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMonitoring promoter response to environmental changes using reporter systems has provided invaluable information regarding cellular state. With the development of in vivo luciferase reporter systems, inexpensive, sensitive and accurate promoter assays have been developed without the variability reported between in vitro samplings. Current luciferase reporter systems, however, are largely inflexible to modifications to the promoter of interest. To overcome problems in flexibility and stability of these expression vectors, we report the creation of a novel vector system which introduces a cytosol‐localized Photinus pyralis luciferase [LUC*(−SKL)] capable of one‐step, in vivo measurements into a promoter–reporter system via PCR‐based gene deletion and fusion. After introduction of the reporter under HUG1 promoter control, cytosolic localization was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. The dose–response of this novel construct was then compared with that of a similar HUG1Δ::yEGFP1 promoter–reporter system and shown to give a similar response pattern. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Compounds Bearing [M(S2O7)3]2– Anions (M = Si, Ge, Sn): Syntheses and Characterization of A2[Si(S2O7)3] (A = Na, K, Rb), A2[Ge(S2O7)3] (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs), A2[Sn(S2O7)3] (A = Na, K), and the Unique Germanate Hg2[Ge(S2O7)3]Cl2 with Cationic 1∞[HgCl2/2]+ Chains
Authors: Logemann Christian , Witt Julia , Gunzelmann Daniel , Senker Jürgen , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe reaction of the group 14 tetrachlorides MCl4 (M = Si, Ge, Sn) with oleum (65 % SO3) at elevated temperatures led to the unique anionic complexes [M(S2O7)3]2– that show the central M atoms in coordination of three chelating S2O72– groups. The mean distances M–O within the complexes increase from 175 pm (M = Si) via 186 pm (M = Ge) up to 200 pm (M = Sn). The charge balance for the [M(S2O7)3]2– anions is achieved by alkaline metal ions A+ (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) which were implemented in the syntheses in form of their sulfates. The size of the A+ ions, i.e. their coordination requirement causes the crystallographic differences in the crystal structures, while the structure of the complex [M(S2O7)3]2– anions remains essentially unaffected. Furthermore, we were able to characterize the unique germanate Hg2[Ge(S2O7)3]Cl2 which forms when HgCl2 is added as a source for the counter cation. The Hg2+ and the Cl– ions form infinite cationic chains according to 1∞[HgCl2/2]+ which take care for the charge compensation. For selected examples of the compounds the thermal behavior has been monitored by means of thermal analyses and X‐ray powder diffraction. For A being an alkaline metal the decomposition product is a mixture of the sulfates A2SO4 and the dioxides MO2, whereas Hg2[Ge(S2O7)3]Cl2 shows a more complicated decomposition. The tris‐(disulfato)‐silicate Na2[Si(S2O7)3] has additionally been examined by solid state 29Si and 23Na NMR spectroscopic measurements.