bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothermia in Comatose Survivors From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Lopez-de-Sa Esteban , Rey Juan R. , Armada Eduardo , Salinas Pablo , Viana-Tejedor Ana , Espinosa-Garcia Sandra , Martinez-Moreno Mercedes , Corral Ervigio , Lopez-Sendon Jose 
Published: November 2012

Background—
It is recommended that comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest should be cooled to 32° to 34°C for 12 to 24 hours. However, the optimal level of cooling is unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to obtain initial data on the effect of different levels of hypothermia. We hypothesized that deeper temperatures will be associated with better survival and neurological outcome.

Methods and Results—

Patients were eligible if they had a witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from March 2008 to August 2011. Target temperature was randomly assigned to 32°C or 34°C. Enrollment was stratified on the basis of the initial rhythm as shockable or asystole. The target temperature was maintained during 24 hours followed by 12 to 24 hours of controlled rewarming. The primary outcome was survival free from severe dependence (Barthel Index score ≥60 points) at 6 months. Thirty-six patients were enrolled in the trial (26 shockable rhythm, 10 asystole), with 18 assigned to 34°C and 18 to 32°C. Eight of 18 patients in the 32°C group (44.4%) met the primary end point compared with 2 of 18 in the 34°C group (11.1%) (log-rank
P
=0.12). All patients whose initial rhythm was asystole died before 6 months in both groups. Eight of 13 patients with initial shockable rhythm assigned to 32°C (61.5%) were alive free from severe dependence at 6 months compared with 2 of 13 (15.4%) assigned to 34°C (log-rank
P
=0.029). The incidence of complications was similar in both groups except for the incidence of clinical seizures, which was lower (1 versus 11;
P
=0.0002) in patients assigned to 32°C compared with 34°C. On the contrary, there was a trend toward a higher incidence of bradycardia (7 versus 2;
P
=0.054) in patients assigned to 32°C. Although potassium levels decreased to a greater extent in patients assigned to 32°C, the incidence of hypokalemia was similar in both groups.

Conclusions—
The findings of this pilot trial suggest that a lower cooling level may be associated with a better outcome in patients surviving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest secondary to a shockable rhythm. The benefits observed here merit further investigation in a larger trial in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with different presenting rhythms.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01155622.
A Global Climatology of Tropical Moisture Exports
Authors: Knippertz Peter , Wernli Heini , Gläser Gregor 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In a recent paper, a climatology of tropical moisture exports (TMEs) to the Northern Hemisphere (NH) was constructed on the basis of 7-day forward trajectories, started daily from the tropical lower troposphere, which were required to reach a water vapor flux of at least 100 g kg−1 m s−1 somewhere north of 35°N. It was shown that TMEs contribute significantly to regional precipitation. Here, the authors complement and extend this work by (i) using 6-hourly European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data from 1979 to 2010 instead of the earlier 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), (ii) extending the climatology to the Southern Hemisphere (SH), and (iii) relating TME events to atmospheric rivers (ARs) previously discussed in the literature. The main conclusions are as follows: First, the TME climatology is not sensitive to the reanalysis dataset. Second, SH TME shows four activity centers: the central and eastern Pacific Ocean (170°–90°W, near the South Pacific convergence zone), eastern South America and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean (60°W–0°, near the South Atlantic convergence zone), the western Indian Ocean (30°–80°E), and western Australia (110°–140°E). Third, TME activity in the SH peaks in austral summer because of higher moisture contents and possibly because of increased Rossby wave activity from the NH. Fourth, El Niño warm events are associated with reduced activity over the South Pacific and increased activity over the South Atlantic and around Australia, while correlations with the southern annular mode are generally weak. Finally, around 90% of all ARs affecting the U.S. West Coast during December–May are connected to TME events, revealing their importance for heavy rain and flooding.
A Theoretical Explanation of the Fetch- and Duration-Limited Laws
Authors: Fontaine Emmanuel 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The evolution of wind-induced ocean waves is studied theoretically. The modeling assumes that wave groups evolve independently of each other in a state of local equilibrium between wind-pumping- and wave-breaking-induced dissipation. The well-known fetch and duration laws appear as natural solutions of the model in the case of a constant wind speed. The link between the fetch and duration laws is explained, and the results are successfully validated against various experimental data.
Impact of Breaking Wave Form Drag on Near-Surface Turbulence and Drag Coefficient over Young Seas at High Winds
Authors: Suzuki Nobuhiro , Hara Tetsu , Sullivan Peter P. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The effects of breaking waves on near-surface wind turbulence and drag coefficient are investigated using large-eddy simulation. The impact of intermittent and transient wave breaking events (over a range of scales) is modeled as localized form drag, which generates airflow separation bubbles downstream. The simulations are performed for very young sea conditions under high winds, comparable to previous laboratory experiments in hurricane-strength winds. The results for the drag coefficient in high winds range between about 0.002 and 0.003. In such conditions more than 90% of the total air–sea momentum flux is due to the form drag of breakers; that is, the contributions of the nonbreaking wave form drag and the surface viscous stress are small. Detailed analysis shows that the breaker form drag impedes the shear production of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) near the surface and, instead, produces a large amount of small-scale wake turbulence by transferring energy from large-scale motions (such as mean wind and gusts). This process shortcuts the inertial energy cascade and results in large TKE dissipation (integrated over the surface layer) normalized by friction velocity cubed. Consequently, the large production of wake turbulence by breakers in high winds results in the small drag coefficient obtained in this study. The results also suggest that common parameterizations for the mean wind profile and the TKE dissipation inside the wave boundary layer, used in previous Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes models, may not be valid.
Implicit Particle Methods and Their Connection with Variational Data Assimilation
Authors: Atkins Ethan , Morzfeld Matthias , Chorin Alexandre J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe implicit particle filter is a sequential Monte Carlo method for data assimilation that guides the particles to the high-probability regions via a sequence of steps that includes minimizations. A new and more general derivation of this approach is presented and the method is extended to particle smoothing as well as to data assimilation for perfect models. Minimizations required by implicit particle methods are shown to be similar to those that one encounters in variational data assimilation, and the connection of implicit particle methods with variational data assimilation is explored. In particular, it is argued that existing variational codes can be converted into implicit particle methods at a low additional cost, often yielding better estimates that are also equipped with quantitative measures of the uncertainty. A detailed example is presented.
Predictability of a Mediterranean Tropical-Like Storm Downstream of the Extratropical Transition of Hurricane Helene (2006)
Authors: Pantillon Florian P. , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre , Mascart Patrick J. , Lac Christine 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe extratropical transition (ET) of a tropical cyclone is known as a source of forecast uncertainty that can propagate far downstream. The present study focuses on the predictability of a Mediterranean tropical-like storm (Medicane) on 26 September 2006 downstream of the ET of Hurricane Helene from 22 to 25 September. While the development of the Medicane was missed in the deterministic forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) initialized before and during ET, it was contained in the ECMWF ensemble forecasts in more than 10% of the 50 members up to 108-h lead time. The 200 ensemble members initialized at 0000 UTC from 20 to 23 September were clustered into two nearly equiprobable scenarios after the synoptic situation over the Mediterranean. In the first and verifying scenario, Helene was steered northeastward by an upstream trough during ET and contributed to the building of a downstream ridge. A trough elongated farther downstream toward Italy and enabled the development of the Medicane in 9 of 102 members. In the second and nonverifying scenario, Helene turned southeastward during ET and the downstream ridge building was reduced. A large-scale low over the British Isles dominated the circulation in Europe and only 1 of 98 members forecasted the Medicane. The two scenarios resulted from a different phasing between Helene and the upstream trough. Sensitivity experiments performed with the Méso-NH model further revealed that initial perturbations targeted on Helene and the upstream trough were sufficient in forecasting the warm-core Medicane at 84- and 108-h lead time.
The significance of Mark 3:20-end for understanding the message of Mark’s gospel
Authors: Jordan Richard 
Published: November 2012

This article argues that Mark 3:20-35 is important for an understanding of Mark’s apparently enigmatic ending and his overall purpose. This is the first passage in which Jesus alludes to his arrest and confronts the authorities who will engineer his crucifixion. Mark powerfully draws the readers’ attention to the passage both by his narrative technique and in the passage’s content. The article also shows however, that the significance of the passage is lost by most commentators because they assume, in the parable of the Strong One, that Satan / Beelzebul should be identified as the Strong One and that he has already been bound by Jesus. In this they follow Luke’s reinterpretation of Mark’s material. Compelling evidence is presented however, that here the Strong One is Jesus and that the binding of the Strong One refers to his passion. The passage is also seen to cast significant light on Mark’s understanding of the phrase Son of Man and his unique use of ‘Sons of Men’ to describe Jesus’ followers. Mark’s Gospel is seen to have enduring resonance particularly with those who face persecution.
Culturally sensitive mental health care: A study of contemporary psychiatric treatment for ultra-orthodox Jews in Israel
Authors: Stolovy Tali , Levy Yvan Moses , Doron Adiel , Melamed Yuval 
Published: November 2012

Background: The literature describes psychiatric treatment of ultra-orthodox Jews as complex and challenging, in light of this community’s unique characteristics and the ideological gap between ultra-orthodox patients and secular professionals. Recent data indicate that patient-centred culturally sensitive care contributes to the treatment outcomes among cultural minorities. Aims: To examine the effect of the level of a physician’s religiosity and cultural sensitivity, as perceived by ultra-orthodox Jewish psychiatric patients, as well as the treatment venue (i.e. the distance of the treatment facility from the patients’ community) on treatment outcomes (working alliance, medical adherence and the patients’ social adaptation). Methods: The sample included 38 ultra-orthodox Jewish men and women receiving psychiatric treatment at the Lev Hasharon Mental Health Centre. The participants completed questionnaires about the physician’s religiousness and cultural sensitivity, working alliance, medical adherence and social adaptation. Results: Working alliance was positively related to the treatment location, meaning that patients were more committed and involved in the treatment when it took place in a facility distanced from their community. Working alliance was also correlated with medical adherence. Regression analysis revealed that the doctor’s acquaintance with religion and cultural sensitivity predicted patients’ reported social adaptation level. Conclusions: In contrary to common perceptions, ultra-orthodox patients are not necessarily reluctant to be treated by secular physicians. These patients prefer a discreet treatment far from their community’s public eye. Their perception of a doctor who acknowledges and respects their religiosity positively affects the way that they perceive their social functioning. Culturally sensitive treatment enables patients to feel respected and acknowledged through their sociocultural affiliation, and not only through their disorder. It seems essential to train physicians about the importance of culturally sensitive treatment with this population.
Long-term benefits of the Memory-Link programme in a case of amnesia
Authors: Savage Kimberley R , Svoboda Eva 
Published: November 2012

Objective: To systematically evaluate the maintenance of clinical gains from a structured memory intervention programme. Efficacy of the programme was initially demonstrated in RR, a woman with moderate-to-severe memory impairment following colloid cyst removal. In the current study (Svoboda and Richards, 2009), we examined RR’s day-to-day memory functioning 18 months after completion of the intervention programme. Design: Within-subject A1B1A2B2B3 single-case experimental design. Setting: Outpatient memory rehabilitation clinic. Intervention: A theory-driven training programme in the use of commercially available smartphones for individuals with moderate-to-severe memory impairment. Main measures: A phone call task was used as an objective measure of prospective memory function. Self-report, ecologically valid questionnaires were also completed to further assess generalization of smartphone use to day-to-day memory function. Results: Eighteen months after intervention, RR completed 80% of scheduled calls using the smartphone, a rate significantly higher than at baseline (40%) and comparable to her success rate immediately following intervention (90%) and at the four-month follow-up (90%). Responses to questionnaires indicated that RR felt more confident in her ability to handle memory-demanding situations and was making fewer memory mistakes. This favourable outcome was not found with the use of another smartphone brand for which training was not received. Conclusions: Results from ecologically valid measures of memory functioning demonstrated robust maintenance of independent commercial smartphone use over an 18-month period, with increases observed in independence, confidence and real-life memory functioning. The findings further suggest poor cross-device generalizability.
Short-term effects of spinal thrust joint manipulation in patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Saavedra-Hernández Manuel , Arroyo-Morales Manuel , Cantarero-Villanueva Irene , Fernández-Lao Carolina , Castro-Sánchez Adelaida M , Puentedura Emilio J , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César 
Published: November 2012

Objective: To compare the effects of an isolated application of cervical spine thrust joint manipulation vs. the application of cervical, cervico-thoracic junction and thoracic manipulation on neck pain, disability and cervical range of motion in chronic neck pain. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: Clinical practice. Participants: Eighty-two patients (41 females) with chronic mechanical neck pain. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to a cervical spine manipulation group or a full manipulative group who received mid-cervical, cervico-thoracic and thoracic joint manipulations. Measurements: Neck pain intensity (11-point numeric pain rating scale), self-reported disability (Neck Disability Index) and cervical range of motion were collected at baseline and one week after the intervention by an assessor blinded to the allocation of the patients. Results: A significant Group * Time interaction for Neck Disability Index ( P = 0.022), but not for neck pain ( P = 0.612), was found: patients in the full manipulative group exhibited greater reduction in disability than those who received the cervical spine manipulation alone, whereas both groups experienced similar decreases in neck pain. Patients in both groups experienced similar increases in cervical range of motion ( P > 0.4). No effect of gender was observed ( P > 0.299). Conclusions: In patients with chronic mechanical neck pain, manipulation of the cervical and thoracic spine leads to a greater reduction in disability at one week than after manipulation of the cervical spine alone, whereas changes in pain and range of motion are not affected differently.
A case report of non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia associated with ovarian germ-cell tumour
Authors: Powter Louise , Phillips Suzanne , Husbands Emma 
Published: November 2012

Background: Non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia is a rare paraneoplastic condition in which tumours secrete a high-molecular-weight precursor of insulin-like growth factor-II causing hypoglycaemia and can be difficult to identify and treat. Case Presentation: This is the case of a 27-year-old patient from Africa with metastatic ovarian yolk sac tumour who presented with hypoglycaemia and was subsequently diagnosed with non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia. Case Management: Our patient required higher doses of glucocorticosteroids than reported in the literature in combination with recombinant growth hormone therapy in order to control her hypoglycaemia. Case Outcome: This is the first case of non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia described in association with a germ-cell tumour. Her management required collaboration between the endocrinology team, the palliative care team, the acute medicine team and physicians in Africa to enable her safe journey home. Conclusions: This case illustrates the need for awareness among general physicians of rare tumour manifestations and the need for multidisciplinary input for the optimal management of these patients.
Individual experiences and impacts of a physiotherapist-led, non-pharmacological breathlessness programme for patients with intrathoracic malignancy: A qualitative study
Authors: Wood Helen , Connors Sonia , Dogan Sian , Peel Tim 
Published: November 2012

Background: Non-pharmacological breathlessness management programmes have been shown to be beneficial in the management of lung cancer–related dyspnoea for more than 10 years. What is not so clear is how they work. Aim: To evaluate how patients with intrathoracic malignancy (lung cancer or pleural mesothelioma) undergoing the non-pharmacological breathlessness management programmes benefited from the programme, using a qualitative methodology. Design and Setting: Consecutive patients completing the programme were invited to be interviewed (semi-structured and audio-recorded) about their experiences of the programme, what had helped them and how. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Nine patients were interviewed. Seven major themes emerged, they are summarised as follows: (1) Mixed prior expectations of the programme, (2) flexibility of delivery and additional support needs, (3) physiotherapist attributes and skills in developing an effective helping relationship, (4) adoption of new techniques, (5) the effects and impact of the programme and new techniques, (6) difficulties and barriers to achieving change and (7) facing an uncertain future beyond the programme Conclusion: The non-pharmacological breathlessness management programme appears to offer a wide range of benefits to patients, including improving functional capacity, coping strategies and self-control. Such benefits are most likely to be due to a combination of breathing control, activity management and the therapist qualities.
The influence of polypyrrole coating on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-filled polytetrafluoroethylene composite
Authors: Chen Huayan , Cai Xuefeng , Bi Xianshun 
Published: November 2012

The objective of this work is to improve the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composites by surface coating of carbon fibers (CFs). The effect of polypyrrole (PPy) coating on CF composites was studied. The morphologies of untreated and treated CFs were characterized by scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Surface analysis showed that the surface of CFs chemisorbed oxygen-containing groups and active carbon as well as increased wettability after surface treatment with PPy. The mechanical properties show that the treated CF composites can possess excellent interfacial properties with polytetrafluoroethylene matrix, and ILSS of the composites is up to 106 MPa.
Exercise in the community for people with multiple sclerosis — a follow-up of people with minimal gait impairment
Authors: Garrett Maria , Hogan Neasa , Larkin Aidan , Saunders Jean , Jakeman Philip , Coote Susan 
Published: November 2012

Background: Although there are many studies evaluating exercise interventions, few studies have evaluated the effect at follow-up. Objectives: This paper presents follow-up data for participants who completed the exercise interventions in a large randomised controlled trial. Methods: One hundred twenty-one people with multiple sclerosis (MS) with minimal gait impairment who completed 10 weeks of community-based exercise interventions were evaluated by a blinded assessor 12 weeks after the intervention. The primary outcome measure was the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 version 2 (MSIS-29,v2) physical component. Other outcomes were the MSIS-29 psychological component, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance. Results: The positive effect on the physical impact of MS was not maintained from baseline to follow-up (−1.6, 95% CI −0.8, 4.0, p=0.189). The psychological impact and the impact of fatigue remained significantly improved (−3.5, 95% CI −6.1, −1.0, p = 0.006 and −4.68, 95% CI −6.9, −2.5, p < 0.001, respectively). There was no time effect for the 6MWT ( f = 1.76, p = 0.179) although the trend suggests reversal of the benefits gained from the physiotherapist (PT)- and fitness instructor (FI)-led intervention. Conclusion: The maintained benefit on the psychological impact of MS and fatigue may have important personal and socioeconomic consequences; however, it is important to find ways to maintain the physical benefits of exercise over the long term.