bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
731 – Antipsychotic Prescribing Pattern in Arab Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Amr M. , Amin T. , Al-Rhaddad D. , Al-Mogy A. , Trifirò G. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction and aim of the study:Little is known about the qualitative and quantitative differences in the use of antipsychotics in Arab countries. This study is aimed to examine and compare the prescribing pattern of antipsychotics in two different Arab settings and specifically determine the factors influencing polypharmacy.Materials and methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan (National Center for Mental Health Hospital, Amman) and Egypt (Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura) and included 162 inpatients [g1] with schizophrenia. Patients were surveyed using a standardized protocol.[g2]Results:There were no significant differences between Egyptians and Jordanians with respect to; demographic, anthropometric, polypharmacy or mean maximum dose of antipsychotics. Jordanians had significantly lower number of hospitalizations and relapses than Egyptian patients. Atypical than typical first antipsychotics were prescribed more to Jordanians compared to Egyptian patients. Irrespective of the patients’ nationalities, the mean hospitalizations, and relapse were predictors of polypharmacy.Conclusions:Antipsychotic prescribing pattern differs between the Egyptians and Jordanian patients with schizophrenia[g3]. The risks with polytherbay calls for improving the prescribing patterns of antipsychotic drugs in Arab region to establish guidelines on the proper indications and uses for antipsychotic drugs.
735 – Adherence to the Baltic Sea Diet is Associated with Lower Prevalence of Elevated Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Ruusunen A. , Lehto S.M. , Tolmunen T. , Voutilainen S. , Tuomainen T.-P. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Recently, Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) was developed based on the Baltic Sea Dietary Pyramid. The association between Baltic Sea Diet Score and prevalence of depressive symptoms has not been studied earlier, though diet including fish and whole grain products may be preventive for depression.Objectives and aims:We assessed whether adherence to Baltic Sea Diet is associated with a decreased prevalence of depressive symptoms.Methods:The population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study included 2682 Finnish men aged 42-60 years. Diet was assessed by a 4-d food record and depressive symptoms with the 18-item Human Population Laboratory Depression Scale. Those who scored five or more were considered to have elevated depressive symptoms. The BSDS was calculated according to the quartiles of consumption of each score component. For healthy considered foods (fruits and berries, vegetables, wholegrain products, ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and fish) the quartiles were coded 0-3 points (lowest quartile was coded as 0, etc.). For meat and total fat scores were opposite. Alcohol was coded 1 point (< 20 g), otherwise 0 point.Results:Altogether 228 (8.5%) men had depressive symptoms. In a multivariable model, after adjustments for age, energy intake, smoking, marital status, socio-economic status, maximal oxygen uptake and body mass index, men in the highest v. lowest BSDS quartile were 40% more likely to be non-depressed (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39, 0.93, p=0.02).Conclusions:Adherence to Baltic Sea diet may be associated with lowered level of depression.
736 – Love and Dislove - The Central Challenge in Psychotherapy
Authors: Ishizuka Y. 
Published: July 2013

Six out of ten top stressful live events (Homes and Rahe) involve loving closeness - either lost or gained. Some 80% of marriages that started with much love and happiness end in unhappiness, mutual hostility (Dislove), stalemate, separation, and divorce. This striking fact can only be explained by understanding that closeness (driven by Love) provokes defense (Dislove) as closeness exceeds one's ‘threshold of tolerance. Lifetrack therapy offers visual tracking of Love and Dislove allowing accurate daily tracking of dynaic mental state and subtle changes in personality, based on couples’ daily subjective self-rating on 41 parameters.Lifetrack daily trackiong clearly shows that escalating closeness (driven by Love) provokes waves of defense (Dislove) causing setbacks. However, through therapy guided by the couples’ daily self-rating graphs, defense (Dislove) can be weakened by exhaustion, with Love (closeness) becoming liberated from accompanying Dislove (defense), achieving ‘Breakthrough Intimacy’- closeness far greater than the couples' previous maximum experiences.Of 224 patients with borderline personality disorder, among the most defensive with strongest Dislove thus most challenging, 70% reached or exceeded their previous maximum levels of adjustment overall, with patients treated with partners doing 10 times better than those treated without partners. 50% of BPD patients went through complete or near complete personality transformation without medications.Lifetrack therapy experience confirms that psychiatric symptoms of distress has much to do with ‘Love and Dislove’ and that when Love wins over Dislove through therapy, the patients undergo personality transformation with dramatically improved threshold of tolerance of challenges in life overall.
738 – What are the Spiritual Needs of Iranian Female Adolescents: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Shahhosseini Z. , Simbar M. , Ramezankhani A. 
Published: July 2013

Background & purpose:Cultural, social and educative vulnerability is less in Iranian adolescents. This article examines the spiritual needs of Iranian female AdolescentsMaterial and methods:A conventional content analysis approach was used for analyzing the participants' experiences and their perceptions. To collect data 8 focus group discussions were conducted with 67 female adolescents (12-19 years) and 11 semi-structured interviews were done with key informants based on open sampling, with the aim of maximum variation from urban and rural areas of Sari in the North of Iran. All the interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim.Results:Four main categories emerged from the collected data: Religious attitude, Religious practice, Religious aesthetics and Rationality in religion.Conclusion:Our study show that Iranian female adolescents search some of their health needs in connection to undying source of inspiration and need to explain the beautiful religious truths for them firmly and reasonably. Failure to meeting these needs could lead to irrecoverable cultural and social vulnerability to adolescents.
740 – All About ‘U’: Associations between Prenatal Depression, and Foetal and Infant Stress Responses in the Developing World
Authors: Fernandes M.C. , Stein A. , Srinivasan K. , Menezes G. , Ramchandani P. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Prenatal maternal depression predicts disturbances in stress responses and an increased risk of psychopathology in offspring. However the foetal origins of these programming influences on the offspring's stress response mechanism are unclear. Furthermore, there are no inquiries into this issue from the developing world, where high rates of prenatal depression (25-45%) are reported.Aim:To explore associations between prenatal depression and, foetal and infant responsivity, in a sample from rural South India.Methods:67 pregnant women in their third trimester with high prenatal depression scores and 66 controls were assessed for their foetus’ responsivity to repeated vibroacoustic stimulation by measuring foetal heart rate responses. At 1.5-3 months postbirth, infant cortisol responses to immunisation and infant temperament were measured.Results:A curvilinear relationship existed between prenatal depression and foetal responsivity to a potential stressor (R2=0.98, p=0.02). Foetuses of mothers with both very high and very low levels of depression showed elevated responses compared to the foetuses of mothers with moderate levels of depression.Prenatal depression predicted elevated infant cortisol responsivity independent of postnatal depression and other confounders (B=13.08, p=0.02). Quintile analysis revealed this relationship to be U shaped (R2=0.20, p=0.02), similar to the relationship between prenatal depression and foetal responsivity.There were no associations between prenatal depression and difficult infant temperament.Conclusions:The findings provide the first evidence of a curvilinear relationship between prenatal depression and offspring stress responsivity from the developing world suggesting that intra-uterine exposure to moderate stress levels may be beneficial in the context of socio-economic disadvantage.
743 – The Role of Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Tiugan A. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Anxiety disorders appear following disturbances in the transmission of serotonine and noradrenaline caused by the dysfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-corticalsuprarenal axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Our objective was to highlight the advantages of associating atypical antipsychotic substances (AAS) in small doses with the usual anxiolytic treatment (benzodiazepines, SSRI antidepressants, dual antidepressants etc).Material and method:In a study performed on 40 patients with diagnosis of generalised anxiety disorder (DSM-IV-TR) an anxiolytic treatment of SSRI antidepressants (Sertralinum 150mg/day) was administered to 20 patients, while SSRI antidepressant (Sertralinum 150mg/day) associated with an atypical antipsychotic substance (Quetiapinum 50mg/day) was administered to the other 20 patients during 6 months. The patients were monitored for another 12 months after conclusion of treatment.Results:Anxiety symptomatology remitted in both groups of patients in a sensibly equal period In the group were AAS were not administered, 10% of the patients presented an exacerbation of anxious symptomatology after 4 months of treatment. During the post-therapeutic monitoring period, the anxious symptomatology reappeared in 25% of the patients treated only with SSRI antidepressants, after 4 months, while relapse was found in only 5% of patients from the group treated also with AAS.Conclusions:The association of small doses of atypical antipsychotic substances in the usual anxiolytic treatment with SSRI antidepressants leads to rapid remission of anxious symptomatology during treatment.The use of atypical antipsychotic substance in the treatment of anxiety disorders prevents relapses on medium and long term.
757 – Individual Items Scores vs. Total Scores of the Schizophrenia Syndrome on Purpose of the Relationships with the Total Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Diaz Mesa E. , Morera Fumero A. , Abreu Gonzalez P. , Henry Benitez M. , Fernandez Lopez L. , Yelmo Cruz S. , Delgado Garcia P. , Gracia Marco R. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Relationships between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and psychopathology in schizophrenia is controversial. Different methodological approaches may be a bias factor.Objective:The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between psychopathology as individual items and psychopathology as syndromes with the serum TAC concentration in schizophrenic patients.Methods:20 DSM-IV paranoid schizophrenic outpatients were recruited from the psychiatric outpatient's clinic of the University Hospital of the Canary Islands. the severity of schizophrenia symptoms was measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Blood samples were collected at 12:00 and 00:00 hours. Relationships between quantitative variables were assessed with the Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results:There was a significant correlation between the PANSS positive subscale and the nocturnal TAC levels (r=0.527, p< 0.02). the PANSS negative subscale was not correlated with TAC concentrations. Item by item scores of the positive and negative PANSS correlations with nocturnal and diurnal TAC levels revealed that only item 6 (suspicion) of the positive PANSS subscale was significantly correlated with the nocturnal TAC concentrations (r=0,491, p< 0.03). Only item 3 (poor contact) of the negative PANSS subscale was also significantly correlated with the nocturnal TAC concentrations (r=0,516, p< 0.02).Conclusions:We strongly recommend analyzing not only global scores of psychopathology but individual items scores when researching on biological markers in schizophrenia.Acknowledgement:This study was partly supported by a grant (PI: 08/115) of the Fundacion Canaria de Investigacion y Salud (FUNCIS).Disclosure statement:None of the authors have conflict of interest to disclose.
804 – Contributing Factors of Workplace Violence among Nurses at Psychiatric and Non Psychiatric Wards
Authors: Mahmoudi A. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:To explore the situation, contributing factors and management of workplace violence among nurses in the health sector the Isfahan, Iran.Research design and methods:A total of 250 nurses were assessed from all the health care services available in Isfahan. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Nurses were asked a series of questions about their personal experience of workplace violence in addition to their views and perceptions of violence in the workplace more generally. This can include verbal aggression or abuse, threat or harassment as well as physical violence.Results:Violence is a problem in the workplace for almost half of nurses. Among hospital nurses, those working in Psychiatry, Drug abuse and Screening units are more likely to report violence as a problem in their workplace. the majority of Nurses experienced form of verbal abuse and a third of them reported physical violence or abuse. Females, younger nurses, working in night shifts, having physical contacts with patients, working in crowded units and poor working experience nurses were more likely to experience violence.Dissatisfaction of service provided and with diagnosis or planned treatment was the most frequently stated reason for work place violence. Psychological backgrounds, inability to pay for hospital bill, low social security conditions were the indirect factors.Conclusions:Improved training, better security measures, including provision of a safe environment to treat known or potentially violent patients, prevention programs, and health services for both nurses and patients should be provided.
805 – Violence in Clinical Psychiatry
Authors: Motamedi B. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:To determine the frequency and types of aggressive and violent behaviors in acute psychiatric inpatient settings and potential interactions between staffing and patient mix and rates of the behaviors were explored.Methods:Data on violent incidents were gathered prospectively in two acute psychiatric units in two general hospitals and two units in a psychiatric hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Staff recorded violent and aggressive incidents by using Morrison's hierarchy of aggressive and violent behavior. the classification ranged from level 1, inflicted serious harm to self or others requiring medical care, to level 8, exhibited low-grade hostility. They also completed weekly reports of staffing levels and patient mix.Results:A total of 400 violent incidents were recorded over a three-month period. Based on the scale, more than 50 percent of the incidents were serious. Seventy-eight percent were directed toward nursing staff. Complex relationships between staffing, patient mix, and violence were found. Relative risk increased with more nursing staff (of either sex), more non nursing staff on planned leave, more patients known to instigate violence, a greater number of disoriented patients, more patients detained compulsorily, and more use of seclusion. the relative risk decreased with more young staff (under 30 years old), more nursing staff with unplanned absenteeism, more admissions, and more patients with substance abuse or physical illness.Conclusions:Violent incidents within psychiatric facilities were frequent and serious, with great significance for occupational health. Some clues were found in the prediction of violence.
810 – Zolpidem-induced Galactorrhea Via Gabaergic Inhibition of Dopamine: a Case Report
Authors: De Jesus D. , Alao A. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:To discuss a case of zolpidem-induced galactorrhea.Introduction:The prevalence of insomnia can be as high as 32 to 33%. Non-benzodiazepines (such as zolpidem) have become more commonly used to treat insomnia.Case report:The patient is a 29-year-old woman with a history of (PTSD) who presented with PTSD associated insomnia. She was started on zolpidem 5 mg po qhs. Two months after the initiation of zolpidem treatment, the patient presented with breast tenderness and galactorrhea. Zolpidem was discontinued and the galactorrhea resolved after two weeks. A serum prolactin level drawn shortly after discontinuation of zolpidem was 15.67 mg/ml.Discussion:Zolpidem has a high affinity at the α1 containing GABAA receptors, with reduced affinity for those containing the α2- and α3- GABAA receptor subunits and minimal affinity for α5 receptor subunit. Psychotropic drugs have been well recognized to produce hyperprolactinemia. However, there has been no reported case of zolpidem-induced hyperprolactinemia. Specifically, zolpidem has been noted to activate GABAergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), where there is a sizable population of GABAergic neurons. These GABAergic neurons regulate the firing of dopaminergic counterparts, also located in the VTA, which send projections throughout the brain. This inhibition results in a decrease in the dopaminergic inhibitory influence on prolactin and an increase in prolactin releasing factors which act on the anterior pituitary, leading to hyperprolactinemia and thus galactorrhea.Conclusion:Pharmacologically induced hyperprolactinemia may be a problem of underestimated prevalence due to the lack of externally visible symptoms.
826 – An Incidence Study of Diagnosed Autism-spectrum Disorders among Immigrants to the Netherlands
Authors: van der Ven E. , Termorshuizen F. , Laan W. , Breetvelt E. , van Os J. , Selten J.-P. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:To estimate the risk of developing autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) in children born to immigrants as compared to children of Dutch-born parents.Method:Retrospective, population-based cohort study of all live births (N= 106,953) between 1998 and 2007 in a circumscribed geographical region in the Netherlands. Cohort members were linked to the Psychiatric Case Register to identify diagnosed cases.Results:518 cases of ASD were identified, including 150 children with autism and 368 children with Asperger syndrome or PDD-NOS. Children born to migrants from developing countries were at significantly lower risk of ASD (rate ratio (RR)= 0.6, 95% (CI) 0.5-0.9) than children of Dutch-born parents. Within the ASD group, the risk for the subgroup with Asperger syndrome and PDD-NOS was reduced (RR= 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.6), whereas that for narrowly defined autism was nonsignificantly increased (RR= 1.4, 95% CI 0.9-2.4). Migrant groups did not differ in age at diagnosis.Conclusion:The results echo Swedish findings indicating a reversal of risk gradient in children of parents from developing countries, specifically a decreased risk for high-functioning and increased risk for low-functioning autism.
829 – Domestic Violence and Mental Disorders
Authors: Howard L. , Oram S. , Trevillion K. , Feder G. 
Published: July 2013

Background:There is little known about the extent to which men and women with mental disorders are at increased risk of being a victim of domestic violence. We therefore aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk of domestic violence victimisation among men and women with depressive and anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, psychotic disorders, and among psychiatric service users.Methods:We searched 18 biomedical and social sciences databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO) and supplemented the search by hand searching of key journals and reference lists of included articles, citation tracking, expert recommendations, and updating a systematic review on victimisation among people with mental disorders. We included cross sectional, cohort and experimental studies that reported on the prevalence and/or risk of adulthood domestic violence victimisation among people meeting either ICD or DSM diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder. Two reviewers independently extracted data and appraised study quality. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool data where possible.Findings:High quality papers reported a median prevalence of adult lifetime domestic violence in mental health service users of 30% (IQR 26% - 39%) in female inpatients and 33% (IQR 31%-53%) in female outpatients. There was an increased risk of experiencing domestic violence in all diagnostic groups and in men and women but there were few high quality studies for men.Interpretation:Mental disorder is associated with a high prevalence and increased risk of being a victim of domestic violence in both men and women.
832 – Predictors of Outcome of Complex In-patient Therapeutic Program for Pharmacoresitant Obsessive Compulsive Patients
Authors: Cerna M. , Prasko J. , Grambal A. , Jelenova D. , Kamaradova D. , Latalova K. , Ociskova M. , Sedlackova Z. 
Published: July 2013

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of the in-patients therapeutic program for in patients suffering with pharmacoresistant OCD patients. the therapy was conducted in a group setting and systematic CBT steps were adapted to each individual patient in the group. Pharmacological treatment underwent no or minimal changes during the trial period. Outcome measures included the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, subjective version (S-Y-BOCS), the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Dissociative Experience Scale (DES). the primary outcome measure for treatment response was a rating of 35% improvement in Y-BOCS. A remission was defined by S-Y-BOCS score 12 and lower or by CGI-S scores 1 or 2.Results:66 patients completed trial. Three patients refused the protocol. All patients finished minimum of 6 weeks of CBT and showed statistically significant improvement on S-Y-BOCS, CGI-S and BDI scales. the main predictors of achieving the response or remission were scores in S-Y-BOCS lower than 24, good insight, high resistance against symptoms, low level of dissociation, and aggressive character of obsessions. the negative predictors of achieving the response or remission were control/symmetry obsession and compulsions, and obsessive slowness/ambivalence.Supported by:IGA MZ CR NT 11047-4/2010