bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IT, outsourcing, real estate, and China: an old economy business leader’s take on boom sectors in India
Authors: Prabhakar Guru Prakash , Saran Pankaj 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
– This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
– Leaders should have a broader- and longer-term vision; they cannot afford to be bogged down with day-to-day work of their organization. They do refrain from micro-management and think of the bigger picture.

Practical implications
– The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
– The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Temporal dynamics of plant–soil feedback and root‐associated fungal communities over 100 years of invasion by a non‐native plant
Authors: Day Nicola J. , Dunfield Kari E. , Antunes Pedro M. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryPathogens can accumulate on invasive plants over time, which could lead to population declines. The time required for these dynamics to occur is unknown and seldom addressed. Furthermore, no study has assessed plant–soil feedback while characterizing plant pathogen and mutualist root fungal communities in the context of invasion time.We used a plant–soil feedback study and 454 pyrosequencing to investigate pathogen accumulation over 100 years on a highly invasive plant in eastern North America that shows localized declines,Vincetoxicum rossicum(Apocynaceae).We collected soil from five sites representing each of four invasion periods ofV. rossicumacross Ontario, Canada (old,c.100 years; intermediate, 50–60 years; young, < 12 years; and uninvaded), and grewV. rossicumin these soils in a glasshouse study. Our hypothesis was that plants grown in soils invaded for longer periods of time would experience less positive feedbacks compared to those grown in more recently invaded or uninvaded soils. We collected roots ofV. rossicumfrom the invasion periods and performed 454 pyrosequencing targeting fungi. We hypothesized that the abundance and richness of fungi that are known plant pathogens would be higher in roots from older invasions compared to more recent invasions.Contrasting with our hypothesis,V. rossicumexperienced overall growth promotion due to soil biota, regardless of invasion period.Vincetoxicum rossicumroots were colonized by a large number of fungal taxa, including many known plant pathogens or mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, we found no evidence of pathogen accumulation in older invaded sites in terms of species composition, richness or abundance.Synthesis. Our consistent results in the glasshouse and the field highlight the strength of combining high‐throughput sequencing data with plant–soil feedback experiments. We showed that the roots ofVincetoxicum rossicum(Apocynaceae) were colonized by many fungal taxa, but found no evidence for changes in plant growth or accumulation of fungal pathogens with longer invasion time. High pathogen loads may not lead to concurrent declines in invasive plants. Plant invasions, as demonstrated byV. rossicum, may be unpredictable in their ability to accumulate pathogens capable of leading to population declines.
Status and perspectives of detection by low‐dose computed tomography or computed radiography in surgical patients with lung cancer, based on a five‐year study
Authors: Lai Yutian , Shen Cheng , Wang Xin , Du Heng , Chen Dali , Tian Long , Zhou Xudong , Che Guowei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundA retrospective study involving 502 lung cancer patients who had received pulmonary resection from 2009–2013 was conducted in order to compare the clinical characteristics of patients whose diagnosis was detected by low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) and computed radiography (CR).MethodsTwo groups were established, based on the method of detection: the LDCT group included 172 lung cancer patients; the CR group included 330 lung cancer patients. The evolution of proportions of patients in urban and rural regions was also analyzed, according to detection method.ResultsThe percentage of patients with stage I was higher in the LDCT group than in the CR group (77.3%, 133/172 vs. 53.6%, 177/330). The incidence of postoperative complications within 30 days was significantly lower in the LDCT than in CR group (25.0% vs. 33.6%). The proportion of patients detected by LDCT or CR in urban regions was constantly higher than in rural regions (with an increase of 13.0% vs. 5.9%); the proportion of LDCT‐detected patients in urban regions was constantly higher than in rural regions (with an increase of 8.7% vs. 5.9%).ConclusionsLDCT contributes to a higher proportion of early lung cancer diagnoses and a lower incidence of postoperative complications in surgical patients. The proportions of patients detected early and by LDCT have both increased steadily during the last five years. These two trends are more pronounced in urban compared with rural patients.
Risky Drinking, Alcohol Use Disorders, and Health Services Utilization in the U.S. General Population: Data from the 2005 and 2010 National Alcohol Surveys
Authors: Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Ye Yu 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundWhile alcohol‐related problems have been found to be overrepresented in clinical samples of patients, less is known about health services utilization in the general population.MethodsTo explore the association of risky drinking and alcohol use disorders (AUD) with inpatient and outpatient services utilization, data are analyzed from a merged sample of 13,165 respondents in the 2005 and 2010 U.S. National Alcohol Surveys. Propensity score weighting was used to minimize potential bias associated with the heterogeneity in individual‐level characteristics across respondents which might influence these relationships.ResultsNo significant differences were found between risky and nonrisky drinkers on any of the utilization variables in the last year, with 11% reporting an emergency room (ER) visit, a third reporting a primary care visit, and 6.2 to 7.6% reporting hospitalization. Those with an AUD were significantly more likely than those without to report an ER visit in the last year (18.2% vs. 11.6%; p = 0.003) as well as a greater number of such visits (p = 0.007), and to report more primary care visits (p = 0.05) and any hospitalization (11.2% vs. 6.7%; p = 0.019).ConclusionsThe data suggest a significant and potentially costly increase in health services utilization due to AUD. ERs and primary care settings would benefit from devoting increased resources to addressing AUD, which could result in clinical benefits of improvement in overall health status as well as economic benefits in lowering healthcare costs for both patients and society as a whole.
The Role of miR‐212 and iNOS in Alcohol‐Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Steatohepatitis
Authors: Tang Yueming , Zhang Lijuan , Forsyth Christopher B. , Shaikh Maliha , Song Shiwen , Keshavarzian Ali 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundAlcoholic liver disease is commonly associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction. Alcohol‐induced dysregulation of intestinal tight junction proteins, such as Zonula Occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), plays an important role in alcohol‐induced gut leakiness. However, the mechanism of alcohol‐induced disruption of tight junction proteins is not well established. The goal of this study was to elucidate this mechanism by studying the role of microRNA 212 (miR‐212) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in alcohol‐induced gut leakiness.MethodsThe permeability of the Caco‐2 monolayer was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance and flux of fluorescein sulfonic acid. miR‐212 was measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The wild‐type, iNOS knockout, and miR‐212 knockdown mice were fed with alcohol diet (29% of total calories, 4.5% v/v) for 8 weeks. The LNA‐anti‐miR‐212 was used to inhibit miR‐212 expression in mice. The alcohol‐induced intestinal permeability, miR‐212 expression, and liver injuries in mice were measured.ResultsOur in vitro monolayer and in vivo mice studies showed that: (i) alcohol‐induced overexpression of the intestinal miR‐212 and intestinal hyperpermeability is prevented using miR‐212 knockdown techniques; and (ii) iNOS is up‐regulated in the intestine by alcohol and that iNOS signaling is required for alcohol‐induced miR‐212 overexpression, ZO‐1 disruption, gut leakiness, and steatohepatitis.ConclusionsThese studies thus support a novel miR‐212 mechanism for alcohol‐induced gut leakiness and a potential target that could be exploited for therapeutic intervention to prevent leaky gut and liver injury in alcoholics.
Rich Sentiments and the Cultural Politics of Emotion in Postreform Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Tran Allen L. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTLinking socioeconomic and personal transformations, recent scholarship on neoliberalism in East and Southeast Asia has examined the role of various emotional experiences in reconfiguring selfhood toward values of personal responsibility and self‐care. However, studies rarely focus on how such experiences come to be understood as specifically emotional themselves. In this article, I examine the growing use of emotion (cảm xúc) as a conceptual category to define the self and everyday life in a psychologistic idiom among middle‐class residents of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. While more established discourses of sentiment (tình cảm) define selfhood in relation to notions of obligation and care, the emerging model of emotion emphasizes individuated self‐knowledge. However, instead of replacing sentiment, newer understandings of emotion have developed alongside and in relation to sentiment. In categorizing various feelings as explicitly “emotional” in nature, people participate in a self‐fashioning project that cultivates an emotionally aware and expressive self that is informed by neoliberal sensibilities yet does not supplant socialist or Confucian models of selfhood. I argue that emotions are not only central to the subjective experience of the transition to a market‐oriented economy but also that emotion as a category itself is a medium through which economic transformations reorganize selfhood more generally. [emotion, self, neoliberalism, ethnopsychology, Vietnam]
Physico‐chemical characteristics of Longissimus lumborum muscle in goats subjected to halal slaughter and anesthesia (halothane) pre‐slaughter
Authors: Sabow Azad Behnan , Sazili Awis Qurni , Zulkifli Idrus , Goh Yong Meng , Kadir Mohd Zainal Abidin AB , Adeyemi Kazeem Dauda 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study assessed the effect of halal slaughter and anesthesia pre‐slaughter followed by bleeding on meat quality characteristics of goats. Eleven male Boer cross goats were divided into two groups and subjected to either halal slaughter (HS) or anesthesia with halothane and propofol pre‐slaughter (AS). At pre‐rigor, HS had significantly lower (P < 0.05) muscle pH and glycogen than AS. However, no significant difference was observed in the pH and glycogen content between the treatments on 1, 3 and 7 days post mortem. The drip loss of HS was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of AS at all aging periods. Treatment had no effect on sarcomere length, myofibrillar fragmentation index and shear force values, loss of thiol groups and degradation of major myofibrillar proteins. It can be concluded that HS did not have deleterious effect on meat quality traits of goat when compared to AS.
In vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility of buffaloes as influenced by grape pomace powder and urea treated rice straw supplementation
Authors: Foiklang Suban , Wanapat Metha , Norrapoke Thitima 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of grape pomace powder levels and roughage sources on gas kinetics, digestibility and fermentation of swamp buffaloes by using in vitro techniques. The experimental design was a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Factor A was two sources of roughage (untreated rice straw, RS, and 3% urea treated rice straw, UTRS) and factor B was four levels of grape pomace powder (GPP) supplementation (0, 2, 4, 6% of substrate) on a dry matter basis. Results revealed that GPP supplementation at 2, 4 and 6% of substrate influenced gas kinetics. Cumulative gas production tended to be lower in the supplemented group. In vitro true digestibility was higher in the GPP supplementation at 2% with UTRS while microbial mass was higher in the supplemented groups. Supplementation of GPP significantly increased the total volatile fatty acids, especially propionate. Calculated methane production was subsequently decreased in the supplemented groups. Bacterial population was higher while protozoal population was lower by GPP supplementation. It could be concluded that supplementation of GPP at 2% of the substrate with UTRS improved in vitro true digestibility, rumen fermentation end‐products as well as reducing methane production.
How to manage patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Geisthoff Urban W. , Nguyen Ha‐Long , Röth Alexander , Seyfert Ulrich 
Published: July 2015

SummaryHereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is a rare systemic autosomal dominantly inherited disorder of the fibrovascular tissue with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Diagnosis is based on the clinical Curaçao criteria or molecular genetic testing. Dilated vessels can develop into telangiectases or larger vascular malformations in various organs, calling for an interdisciplinary approach. Epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding can result from these vascular defects. Various conservative and interventional treatments have been described for these conditions. However, no optimal therapy exists. Treatment can become especially difficult due to progressive anaemia or when anticoagulant or anti‐thrombotic therapy becomes necessary. Screening for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) should be performed in all confirmed and suspected patients. Treatment by percutaneous transcatheter embolotherapy and antibiotic prophylaxis is normally effective for PAVM. Cerebral or hepatic vascular malformations and rare manifestations need to be evaluated on a case‐by‐case basis to determine the best course of action for treatment.
Tamibarotene in patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia relapsing after treatment with all‐trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide
Authors: Sanford David , Lo‐Coco Francesco , Sanz Miguel A. , Di Bona Eros , Coutre Steven , Altman Jessica K. , Wetzler Meir , Allen Steven L. , Ravandi Farhad , Kantarjian Hagop , Cortes Jorge E. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryTreatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) with arsenic trioxide (ATO) and all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is highly effective first‐line therapy, although approximately 5–10% of patients relapse. Tamibarotene is a synthetic retinoid with activity in APL patients who relapse after chemotherapy and ATRA, but has not been studied in relapse after treatment with ATO and ATRA. We report on a phase II study of tamibarotene in adult patients with relapsed or refractory APL after treatment with ATRA and ATO (n = 14). Participants were treated with tamibarotene (6 mg/m2/d) during induction and for up to six cycles of consolidation. The overall response rate was 64% (n = 9), the rate of complete cytogenetic response was 43% (n = 6) and the rate of complete molecular response was 21% (n = 3). Relapse was frequent with 7 of 9 responders relapsing after a median of 4·6 months (range 1·6–26·8 months). The median event‐free survival (EFS) was 3·5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 0–8·6 months] and the median overall survival (OS) was 9·5 months (95% CI 5·9–13·1 months). These results demonstrate that tamibarotene has activity in relapsed APL after treatment with ATO and ATRA and further studies using tamibarotene as initial therapy and in combination with ATO are warranted.
Platelet and not erythrocyte microparticles are procoagulant in transfused thalassaemia major patients
Authors: Agouti Imane , Cointe Sylvie , Robert Stéphane , Judicone Coralie , Loundou Anderson , Driss Fathi , Brisson Alain , Steschenko Dominique , Rose Christian , Pondarré Corinne , Bernit Emmanuelle , Badens Catherine , Dignat‐George Françoise , Lacroix Romaric , Thuret Isabelle 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe level of circulating platelet‐, erythrocyte‐, leucocyte‐ and endothelial‐derived microparticles detected by high‐sensitivity flow cytometry was investigated in 37 β‐thalassaemia major patients receiving a regular transfusion regimen. The phospholipid procoagulant potential of the circulating microparticles and the microparticle‐dependent tissue factor activity were evaluated. A high level of circulating erythrocyte‐ and platelet‐microparticles was found. In contrast, the number of endothelial microparticles was within the normal range. Platelet microparticles were significantly higher in splenectomized than in non‐splenectomized patients, independent of platelet count (P < 0·001). Multivariate analysis indicated that phospholipid‐dependent procoagulant activity was influenced by both splenectomy (P = 0·001) and platelet microparticle level (P < 0·001). Erythrocyte microparticles were not related to splenectomy, appear to be devoid of proper procoagulant activity and no relationship between their production and haemolysis, dyserythropoiesis or oxidative stress markers could be established. Intra‐microparticle labelling with anti‐HbF antibodies showed that they originate only partially (median of 28%) from thalassaemic erythropoiesis. In conclusion, when β‐thalassaemia major patients are intensively transfused, the procoagulant activity associated with thalassaemic erythrocyte microparticles is probably diluted by transfusions. In contrast, platelet microparticles, being both more elevated and more procoagulant, especially after splenectomy, may contribute to the residual thrombotic risk reported in splenectomized multi‐transfused β‐thalassaemia major patients.
Simulating the influence of plasma protein on measured receptor affinity in biochemical assays reveals the utility of Schild analysis for estimating compound affinity for plasma proteins
Authors: Blakeley D , Sykes D A , Ensor P , Bertran E , Aston P J , Charlton S J 
Published: July 2015

Background and PurposePlasma protein binding (PPB) influences the free fraction of drug available to bind to its target and is therefore an important consideration in drug discovery. While traditional methods for assessing PPB (e.g. rapid equilibrium dialysis) are suitable for comparing compounds with relatively weak PPB, they are not able to accurately discriminate between highly bound compounds (typically >99.5%). The aim of the present work was to use mathematical modelling to explore the potential utility of receptor binding and cellular functional assays to estimate the affinity of compounds for plasma proteins. Plasma proteins are routinely added to in vitro assays, so a secondary goal was to investigate the effect of plasma proteins on observed ligand–receptor interactions.Experimental ApproachUsing the principle of conservation of mass and the law of mass action, a cubic equation was derived describing the ligand–receptor complex [LR] in the presence of plasma protein at equilibrium.Key ResultsThe model demonstrates the profound influence of PPB on in vitro assays and identifies the utility of Schild analysis, which is usually applied to determine receptor‐antagonist affinities, for calculating affinity at plasma proteins (termed KP). We have also extended this analysis to functional effects using operational modelling and demonstrate that these approaches can also be applied to cell‐based assay systems.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese mathematical models can potentially be used in conjunction with experimental data to estimate drug‐plasma protein affinities in the earliest phases of drug discovery programmes.
Use of targeted next‐generation sequencing for molecular diagnosis of craniosynostosis: Identification of a novel de novo mutation of EFNB1
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Igarashi Naru , Shimojima Keiko , Sangu Noriko , Sakamoto Yuko , Shimoji Kazuaki , Niijima Shinichi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCraniofrontonasal syndrome (CFNS; MIM#304110) is characterized by asymmetric facial features with hypertelorism and a broad bifid nose due to synostosis of the coronal suture. CFNS shows a unique X‐linked inheritance pattern (most affected patients are female and obligate male carriers exhibit a mild manifestation or no typical features at all) associated with the ephrin‐B1 gene (EFNB1) located in the Xq13.1 region. In this study, we performed targeted, massively parallel sequencing using a next‐generation sequencer, and identified a novel EFNB1 mutation, c.270_271delCA, in a Japanese female patient with craniosynostosis. Because subsequent Sanger sequencing identified no mutation in either parent, this mutation was determined to be de novo in origin. After obtaining molecular diagnosis, a retrospective clinical evaluation confirmed the clinical diagnosis of CFNS in this patient. Comprehensive molecular diagnosis using a next‐generation sequencer would be beneficial for early diagnosis of the patients with undiagnosed craniosynostosis.
Zonisamide: Review of Recent Clinical Evidence for Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Kwan Shang‐Yeong , Chuang Yao‐Chung , Huang Chin‐Wei , Chen Ta‐Cheng , Jou Shuo‐Bin , Dash Amitabh 
Published: July 2015

SummaryZonisamide is an orally administered antiepileptic drug that was first approved for clinical use in Japan in 1989. Since then, it has been licensed in Korea for a broad spectrum of epilepsies in adults and children, and in theUSAfor adjunctive therapy of adults with partial seizures, and in Europe for monotherapy of adults with newly diagnosed partial seizures and adjunctive therapy of adults and adolescents and children aged ≥6 years with partial seizures with or without secondary generalization. Zonisamide is a benzisoxazole derivative with a unique chemical structure, predictable dose‐dependent pharmacokinetics, and multiple complementary mechanisms of action. Treatment with zonisamide is well tolerated and is not known to be associated with clinically significant drug–drug interactions, including with oral contraceptives or other antiepileptic drugs. There have been >2 million patient‐years of experience with zonisamide for treatment of epilepsy, and this drug has International League Against Epilepsy level A evidence for efficacy/effectiveness as initial monotherapy for adults with partial‐onset seizures. This review presents the evidence for zonisamide across the spectrum of epilepsy, with emphasis on real‐world clinical practice and special populations of patients (children, elderly patients, and women of childbearing age) who are likely to be treated in daily clinical practice.