bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression on the clinical and molecular features of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Vannucchi Guia , De Leo Simone , Perrino Michela , Rossi Stefania , Tosi Delfina , Cirello Valentina , Colombo Carla , Bulfamante Gaetano , Vicentini Leonardo , Fugazzola Laura 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThyroid cancer is highly prevalent in women during the fertile age, which suggests a possible impact of hormonal and reproductive factors.MethodsWe studied the expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα or ESR1) and progesterone receptor (PR or PGR) in 182 female and male patients with papillary thyroid cancer and correlated it to clinical and molecular features.ResultsERα and PR expression was found in 66.5 and 75.8% of patients respectively and was significantly correlated with larger tumor size and with a non-incidental diagnosis. Moreover, a trend toward a higher prevalence of local metastases was observed in ER- and PR-expressing tumors, which possibly indicates a more aggressive behavior. Interestingly, the occurrence of the ‘receptor conversion’ phenomenon, which has already been reported to have a negative prognostic effect in breast cancer, was demonstrated for the first time in thyroid tumors. Indeed, almost all of the ERα-positive primary tumors analyzed had ERα-negative metastatic lymph nodes. At the genetic analyses,BRAFV600Emutation was detected in 23.2% of the tumors and had a higher prevalence in larger tumors and in those with a stronger ERα or PR staining.ConclusionsThe whole of the findings reported in the present study argue for an association between ERα and PR sex hormone receptor expression and a more aggressive presentation. Although no impact on outcome was found, the evaluation of ERα and PR receptor expression could add insights into the biological behavior of tumors and could modify the follow-up, particularly in fertile women affected with persistent disease.
Luz, Câmera e Educação: a pedagogia do cinema na formação de professores
Authors: Souza Albano Goes , Mendonça Edson Victor Lima , Linhares Ronaldo Nunes 
Published: April 2015

Pensar o cinema enquanto prática pedagógica é elucidar a complexidade do processo de educação e de como o olhar pode ser direcionado para esse foco, bem como questões culturais que envolvem este processo. A partir disso, o presente artigo tem por objetivo estudar a utilização de filmes no processo de formação docente inicial das licenciaturas em História, Geografia, Educação Física, Matemática, Biologia, Letras-Português, Letras-Inglês e Informática da Universidade Tiradentes (UNIT). É utilizado como método norteador da pesquisa, o qualitativo, voltado para análise e interpretação, tanto dos dados obtidos, quanto dos resultados alcançados. Esse artigo é análise do projeto intitulado “Filmes sobre Professor: análise da utilização e contribuição para identidade de professores sergipanos em formação”, desenvolvido no Grupo de Estudos Comunicação, Educação e Sociedade (GECES/CNPQ) com o apoio financeiro da Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe (FAPITEC-SE).
Russian Fishing Activities off the Coast of Finnmark – A Legal History
Authors: Strøm Bull Kirsti 
Published: April 2015

The rich fishery resources off the coast of Finnmark have historically attracted fishermen from other parts of Norway and from neighbouring countries. This article discusses the legal history of Russian fishing activities off the coast of Finnmark and covers the historical period from the 1700s until the termination of this fishery in the early 1900s. The article shows that Russian fishermen, like the Sámi from Finland—and unlike fishermen from other nations, were authorized to establish shacks and landing places. Both the agreements and legal disputes surrounding the fishery, which lasted until World War I, are discussed in the article.Keywords: fishery; Russia; legal history; rights to marine resources; Finnmark; The Lapp Codicil(Published: March 2015)Citation: K. S. Bull. “Russian Fishing Activities off the Coast of Finnmark—A Legal History.” Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2015, pp. 3–10.http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/arctic.v6.60
Legal Protection of Sami Traditional Livelihoods from the Adverse Impacts of Mining: A Comparison of the Level of Protection Enjoyed by Sami in Their Four Home States
Authors: Koivurova Timo , Masloboev Vladimir , Hossain Kamrul , Nygaard Vigdis , Petrétei Anna , Vinogradova Svetlana 
Published: April 2015

As a consequence of the growing global need for minerals, extractive industries are continuously expanding. In the North, together with several environmental problems such as climate change, this poses a real threat to the traditional livelihoods of Sami people. The article examines how the rights of Sami indigenous people are protected against adverse impacts of mining activities. The relevant national legislation is analyzed in all the four countries where Sami are present. It is specifically examined how the main mining act in each country protects the right of Sami people to their traditional livelihoods. Finally, the article sheds light on the actual effectiveness of the legal regulation. This is done by analyzing the results of interviews conducted with relevant actors and stakeholders in the mining industry.Keywords: indigenous peoples; Sami rights; mining(Published: March 2015)Citation: T. Koivurova et al. “Legal Protection of Sami Traditional Livelihoods from the Adverse Impacts of Mining: A Comparison of the Level of Protection Enjoyed by Sami in Their Four Home States.” Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2015, pp. 11-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/arctic.v6.76
Predictability of the future development of aggressive behavior of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas based on decision tree analysis
Authors: Satomi Junichiro , Ghaibeh A. Ammar , Moriguchi Hiroki , Nagahiro Shinji 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
The severity of clinical signs and symptoms of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are well correlated with their pattern of venous drainage. Although the presence of cortical venous drainage can be considered a potential predictor of aggressive DAVF behaviors, such as intracranial hemorrhage or progressive neurological deficits due to venous congestion, accurate statistical analyses are currently not available. Using a decision tree data mining method, the authors aimed at clarifying the predictability of the future development of aggressive behaviors of DAVF and at identifying the main causative factors.

METHODS
Of 266 DAVF patients, 89 were eligible for analysis. Under observational management, 51 patients presented with intracranial hemorrhage/infarction during the follow-up period.

RESULTS
The authors created a decision tree able to assess the risk for the development of aggressive DAVF behavior. Evaluated by 10-fold cross-validation, the decision tree's accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 85.28%, 88.33%, and 80.83%, respectively. The tree shows that the main factor in symptomatic patients was the presence of cortical venous drainage. In its absence, the lesion location determined the risk of a DAVF developing aggressive behavior.

CONCLUSIONS
Decision tree analysis accurately predicts the future development of aggressive DAVF behavior.
Cerebral hemodynamic disturbance in dural arteriovenous fistula with retrograde leptomeningeal venous drainage: a prospective study using 123I-iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Kanemaru Kazuya , Kinouchi Hiroyuki , Yoshioka Hideyuki , Yagi Takashi , Wakai Takuma , Hashimoto Koji , Fukumoto Yuichiro , Umeda Takako , Onishi Hiroshi , Nishiyama Yoshihisa , Horikoshi Toru 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
The severity of cerebral hemodynamic disturbance caused by retrograde leptomeningeal venous drainage (RLVD) of a dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is related to neurological morbidity and unfavorable outcome. However, the cerebral hemodynamics of this disorder have not been elucidated well. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the cerebral venous congestive encephalopathy represented as a high-intensity area (HIA) on T2-weighted MR images and the cerebral hemodynamics examined by 123I-iodoamphetamine (IMP) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), as well as the predictive value of 123I-IMP SPECT for the development and reversibility of venous congestion encephalopathy.

METHODS
Based on the pre- and posttreatment T2 HIAs associated with venous congestion encephalopathy, patients were divided into 3 groups: a normal group, an edema group, and an infarction group. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at the region with RLVD was analyzed by 123I-IMP SPECT, and the results were compared among the groups.

RESULTS
There were 11, 6, and 3 patients in the normal, edema, and infarction groups, respectively. No patients in the normal group showed any symptoms related to venous congestion. In contrast, all patients in the edema and infarction groups developed neurological symptoms. The rCBF in the edema group was significantly lower than that in the normal group, and significantly higher than that in the infarction group. The cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) of the infarction group was significantly lower than that of the normal and edema groups. After treatment, the neurological signs disappeared in the edema group, but only partial improvement was seen in the infarction group. The rCBF also significantly increased in the normal and edema groups, but not in the infarction group.

CONCLUSIONS
Quantitative rCBF measurement is useful for evaluating hemodynamic disturbance in dAVF with RLVD. The reduction of rCBF was strongly correlated with the severity of venous congestive encephalopathy, and loss of CVR is a reliable indicator of irreversible venous infarction caused by RLVD.
Assessment of third ventriculostomy patency with the 3D-SPACE technique: a preliminary multicenter research study
Authors: Algin Oktay , Ucar Murat , Ozmen Evrim , Borcek Alp Ozgun , Ozisik Pinar , Ocakoglu Gokhan , Tali E. Turgut 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
The goal of this study was to determine the value of the 3D sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip-angle evolutions (3D-SPACE) technique in the evaluation of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) patency.

METHODS
Twenty-six patients with ETV were examined using 3-T MRI units. Sagittal-plane 3D-SPACE with variant flip-angle mode, 3D T1-weighted (T1W), and 3D heavily T2-weighted (T2W) images were obtained with isotropic voxel sizes. Also, sagittal-axial plane phase-contrast cine (PC)-MR images were obtained. The following findings were evaluated: diameters of stoma and third ventricle, flow-void sign on 3D-SPACE and PC-MR images, integrity of the third ventricle on heavily T2W images, and quantitative PC-MRI parameters of the stoma. Obtained sequences were evaluated singly, in combination with one another, and all together.

RESULTS
The mean area, flow, and velocity values measured at the level of stoma in patients with patent stoma were significantly higher than those measured in patients with closed stoma (p < 0.05). There was significant correlation among PC-MRI, 3D-SPACE, and 3D heavily T2W techniques regarding assessment of ETV patency (p < 0.001). The 3D-SPACE technique provided the lowest rate of ambiguous results.

CONCLUSIONS
The 3D-SPACE technique seems to be the most efficient one for determination of ETV patency. The authors suggest the use of 3D-SPACE as a stand-alone first-line sequence in addition to routine brain MRI protocols in assessing patients with ETV, thereby decreasing scan time and reserving the use of a combination of additional sequences such as PC-MRI and 3D heavily T2W images in suspicious or complex cases.
Spring-assisted cranial vault expansion in the setting of multisutural craniosynostosis and anomalous venous drainage: case report
Authors: Costa Melinda A. , Ackerman Laurie L. , Tholpady Sunil S. , Greathouse S. Travis , Tahiri Youssef , Flores Roberto L. 
Published: April 2015

Patients with multisutural craniosynostosis can develop anomalous venous connections between the intracranial sinuses and cutaneous venous system through enlarged emissary veins. Cranial vault remodeling in this subset of patients carries the risk of massive intraoperative blood loss and/or occlusion of collateral draining veins leading to intracranial venous hypertension and raised intracranial pressure, increasing the morbidity of cranial expansion. The authors report the use of spring-mediated expansion as a technique for cranial reconstruction in which the collateral intracranial venous drainage system can be preserved.
A patient with bilateral lambdoid, sagittal, and unicoronal synostosis presented for cranial reconstruction. A tracheostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt were placed prior to intervention. At the time of reconstruction, a Luckenschadel skull abnormality and Chiari malformation Type I were present. A preoperative CT venogram demonstrated large collateral superficial occipital veins, small bilateral internal jugular veins, and hypoplastic jugular foramina. Collateral flow from the transverse and sigmoid sinuses through large occipital emissary veins was seen. Spring-mediated cranial vault expansion was performed with care to preserve the large collateral veins at the occipital midline. Four springs were placed at each lambdoid and the posterior and anterior sagittal sutures following 1-cm strip suturectomies. Removal of the springs was performed 2 months postoperatively.
Cranial vault expansion was performed without disturbing the aberrant intracranial/extracranial venous collateral system. Estimated blood loss was 150 ml. A CT scan obtained 3 months postoperatively showed resolution of the Luckenschadel deformity and a 40% volumetric increase in the skull compared with the preoperative CT.
Patients with anomalous venous drainage patterns and multisutural synostosis can undergo spring-mediated cranial vault expansion while preserving the major emissary veins draining the intracranial sinuses. Risks of blood loss, intracranial venous hypertension, and increased intracranial pressure may be decreased compared with traditional techniques of repair.
Evolution of mycoheterotrophy in Polygalaceae: The case of Epirixanthes
Authors: Mennes Constantijn B. , Moerland Michelangelo S. , Rath Magnus , Smets Erik F. , Merckx Vincent S. F. T. 
Published: April 2015

• Premise of the study: The mycoheterotrophic lifestyle has enabled some plant lineages to obtain carbon from their mycorrhizal symbionts. The mycoheterotrophic genus Epirixanthes (Polygalaceae) consists of six species from tropical Asia. Although it is probably closely related to the chlorophyllous genus Salomonia and linked to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, lack of DNA sequence data has thus far prevented these hypotheses from being tested. Therefore, the evolutionary history of Epirixanthes remains largely unknown.• Methods: We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Epirixanthes based on nuclear ITS and plastid matK data. Divergence times were inferred using a Bayesian relaxed clock approach, and we phylogenetically analyzed its mycorrhizal symbionts. We furthermore assigned these symbionts to operational taxonomic units, compared them with symbionts of other Polygalaceae, and measured their phylogenetic diversity.• Key results: We found that Epirixanthes is placed in tribe Polygaleae as sister to Salomonia. Epirixanthes has a Miocene‐Oligocene stem age and grows exclusively in symbiosis with fungi of Glomeraceae. Salomonia and some Polygala species are linked to both Glomeraceae and Acaulosporaceae, resulting in higher phylogenetic diversity values. The majority of the symbionts of Epirixanthes are not found in Salomonia or Polygala, although a few shared fungal taxa are found.• Conclusions: Epirixanthes forms a relatively young mycoheterotrophic lineage. The Oligocene‐Miocene origin suggests its evolution was influenced by the environmental dynamics in Southeast Asia during this time. Although comparison of fungi from Epirixanthes with those from Salomonia and Polygala suggests some specialization, many other mycoheterotrophic plants are linked to a more narrow set of Glomeraceae.
Thermidor in Ethiopia? Agrarian Transformations between Economic Liberalization and the Developmental State
Authors: Chinigò Davide , Fantini Emanuele 
Published: April 2015

L’article analyse les récentes politiques foncières mises en place par le gouvernement Éthiopien pour promouvoir la commercialisation agricole, dans la perspective de la trajectoire historique de formation de l’État Éthiopien et à partir du paradigme des « situations thermidoriennes » développé par Jean-François Bayart. L’idée d’un Thermidor Éthiopien éclaircit les stratégies originales et sélectives de libéralisation politique et économique adoptées par une élite postrévolutionnaire qui cherche à consolider son pouvoir à l’époque de la globalisation néolibérale. Les contradictions de ces stratégies pour ce qui concerne le foncier sont approfondies à travers l’étude des réformes de modernisation agricole, des coopératives agricoles, des institutions des micro-finances et des micro et petites entreprises agricoles dans la zone de West Arsi (région Oromia). Ces transformations agricoles sont caractérisées par une dynamiques sélective et incomplète de libéralisation, au nom du developmental state, et demeurent au cœur du processus de formation de l’État Éthiopien contemporain, à travers des processus de (re)configuration et (re)négociation des espaces et du pouvoir.
T Cell Immunity to the Alkyl Hydroperoxide Reductase of Burkholderia pseudomallei: A Correlate of Disease Outcome in Acute Melioidosis
Authors: Reynolds Catherine , Goudet Amélie , Jenjaroen Kemajittra , Sumonwiriya Manutsanun , Rinchai Darawan , Musson Julie , Overbeek Saskia , Makinde Julia , Quigley Kathryn , Manji Jiten , Spink Natasha , Yos Pagnarith , Wuthiekanun Vanaporn , Bancroft Gregory , Robinson John , Lertmemongkolchai Ganjana , Dunachie Susanna , Maillere Bernard , Holden Matthew , Altmann Daniel , Boyton Rosemary 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
There is an urgent need for a better understanding of adaptive immunity to Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis that is frequently associated with sepsis or death in patients in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. The imperative to identify vaccine targets is driven both by the public health agenda in these regions and biological threat concerns. In several intracellular bacterial pathogens, alkyl hydroperoxidase reductases are upregulated as part of the response to host oxidative stress, and they can stimulate strong adaptive immunity. We show that alkyl hydroperoxidase reductase (AhpC) of B. pseudomallei is strongly immunogenic for T cells of ‘humanized’ HLA transgenic mice and seropositive human donors. Some T cell epitopes, such as p6, are able to bind diverse HLA class II heterodimers and stimulate strong T cell immunity in mice and humans. Importantly, patients with acute melioidosis who survive infection show stronger T cell responses to AhpC relative to those who do not. Although the sequence of AhpC is virtually invariant among global B. pseudomallei clinical isolates, a Cambodian isolate varies only in C-terminal truncation of the p6 T cell epitope, raising the possibility of selection by host immunity. This variant peptide is virtually unable to stimulate T cell immunity. For an infection in which there has been debate about centrality of T cell immunity in defense, these observations support a role for T cell immunity to AhpC in disease protection.
A magma‐hydrothermal system beneath Hakone volcano, central Japan, revealed by highly resolved velocity structures
Authors: Yukutake Yohei , Honda Ryou , Harada Masatake , Arai Ryuta , Matsubara Makoto 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHigh‐resolution images of subsurface structures are necessary to understand the transport processes of crustal fluids from deep magma sources and their relationship to earthquake swarms in active volcanic regions. Based on a seismic tomography approach, we have developed a new model for the magma‐hydrothermal system beneath Hakone volcano, central Japan, where shallow earthquake swarms and crustal deformation associated with inflation of an open‐crack source are often observed. By applying travel‐time data for local earthquakes to a tomographic inversion, we obtained highly resolved seismic velocity structures that show a region of low P‐wave velocity (Vp), low S‐wave velocity (Vs), and high Vp/Vs ratios at depths of 10–20 km beneath the volcano, corresponding to the location of the open‐crack source. We suggest that the high Vp/Vs ratios represent a deep magma chamber with a high concentration of melt and/or fluids. Deep low‐frequency earthquakes, located just beneath this high Vp/Vs zone, may indicate that magmatic fluids are supplied from below. Above the high Vp/Vs zone, a region of low Vp, low Vs, and low Vp/Vs ratios exists at depths of 3–10 km, suggesting the presence of crack‐filled water or CO2 supplied from the inferred deep magma chamber. Many earthquake swarms occur in this low Vp/Vs zone, indicating that crustal fluids play an important role in generating the swarms. Similar relationships between magma reservoirs, overlying hydrothermal systems, and swarm activity have been reported from other volcanic areas and thus may be a ubiquitous feature beneath active volcanoes.
Crustal subsidence observed by GRACE after the 2013 Okhotsk deep‐focus earthquake
Authors: Tanaka Yusaku , Heki Kosuke , Matsuo Koji , Shestakov Nikolay V. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCoseismic gravity changes stem from (1) vertical deformation of layer boundaries with density contrast (i.e., surface and Moho) and (2) density changes of rocks at depth. They have been observed in earthquakes with Mw exceeding ~8.5 by Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, but those of M8 class earthquakes have never been detected clearly. Here we report coseismic gravity change of the 24 May 2013 Okhotsk deep earthquake (Mw8.3), smaller than the detection threshold. In shallow thrust faulting, factor (2) is dominant, while factor (1) remains secondary due to poor spatial resolution of GRACE. In the 2013 Okhotsk earthquake, however, factor (2) is insignificant because they occur at depth exceeding 600 km. On the other hand, factor (1) becomes dominant because the centers of uplift and subsidence are well separated and GRACE can resolve them. This enables GRACE to map vertical ground movements of deep earthquakes over both land and ocean.
Raw material movement and past Tasmanian Aboriginal interaction: implications for understanding isolated human population dynamics
Authors: Cosgrove Richard 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe study of stone artefact raw material distribution from point sources to archaeological sites has been important in understanding patterns of long‐term human interaction. Proximity to raw material sources has been emphasised in many studies, particularly the distance over which items travel and the nature of the social interactions reflected in such patterns. Tasmania provides an example where the ethnohistorical documents have played an important role in characterising Aboriginal society and tribal relationships. Although glimpses of societal structure and interaction have been gained through the works of Brian Plomley, Rhys Jones and Lyndall Ryan, the archaeology of such organisation has been elusive. The aim of this paper is to discuss the evidence for raw material movement as a proxy for the patterns of past interaction between Tasmanian Aboriginal people.