bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Boron Complexes of Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridylalkyl Alcohols
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Nagaya Eri , Miyahara Keitaro , Shibahara Fumitoshi , Maruyama Toshifumi 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-1-ylalkyl alcohols were reacted with diphenylborinic acid to give boron complexes in which nitrogen and oxygen atoms were coordinated to a boron atom. The use of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-1-ylalkyl alcohol with two 2-pyridyl groups also gave a boron complex, but the nitrogen atom in a 2-pyridyl group, rather than that in an imidazopyridyl group, was coordinated to the boron atom. The molecular structures of these complexes were revealed by X-ray analyses. The fluorescence spectra of the complexes were generally observed at wavelengths shorter than those for the starting materials and well-known boron complexes of 8-hydroxyquinolines.
Efficient Conversion of Pyruvic Aldehyde into Lactic Acid by Lewis Acid Catalyst in Water
Authors: Koito Yusuke , Nakajima Kiyotaka , Kitano Masaaki , Hara Michikazu 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts with water-tolerant Lewis acids, such as Sc(OTf)3 and Nb2O5·nH2O, effectively promote the hydride transfer of pyruvic aldehyde into lactic acid in water at 383 K, whereas Brønsted acid catalysts cannot function as effective catalysts under mild conditions. NMR measurement in the presence of D2O suggests that the reaction on a Lewis acid catalyst proceeds via the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction.
I’ll Say She Is! (1924): The ‘laugh-a-minute revue’ that made the Marx Brothers
Authors: Farrell Margaret 
Published: May 2013

This brief examination of the 1924 Broadway revue I’ll Say She Is! describes the process of constructing it, analyses its contents, and addresses the importance of the show in the careers of its stars, the Marx Brothers. This show is an example of the revue as a composite
structure, constructed out of a combination of new and recycled material to feature three expected types of entertainment: music, comedy and spectacle. Resembling both a musical and a vaudeville bill, this revue is held together by the unifying construct of a plot. The most important sources
in this examination are the unpublished diaries of the show’s writer, Will B. Johnstone. These diaries contain details of the construction process of a revue that add to our store of knowledge on the revue in the 1920s.
Evaluation of Shear Wave Velocity from Bender Elements Using Cross-correlation
Authors: Airey David , Mohsin A. K. M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The use of bender elements to determine shear wave velocity, and hence shear modulus, is becoming increasingly popular, with commercial systems now available. The most common method of interpretation is to make use of first arrival; however, automation of this procedure has been impossible for the wide range of velocities, sample sizes, stress levels, etc. encountered in soil and weak rock testing. A method for automating the velocity measurement was proposed by Mohsin and Airey in 2003 and relied on the use of cross-correlation. Since that time, many papers have been published on the method of interpretation, and these have often dismissed cross-correlation out of hand or have suggested that it does not work. These criticisms are based on either the fallacy that the input and output waves must look similar in order for the method to work or the selection of the wrong peak in the cross-correlation. We have been using the technique in the laboratory routinely for several years and have found that it can provide results that are at least as good as those obtained via other methods for soils varying from soft clay to silty gravel and well-cemented sand and at stress levels from 10 kPa to 2000 kPa. The greatest advantage of the technique is that it removes much of the subjectivity from the analysis, and in our opinion it is the only viable currently proposed method that is suitable for automation, and thus for standardization. This paper provides details of the procedure, pulse type and frequency, and calibration and discusses issues that affect the development of a standard. Results for a range of soil types, stress levels, and shear wave velocities are presented to demonstrate the reliability of the technique.
Dynamic Properties of Some Eastern Mediterranean Marine Sediments
Authors: Chaney Ronald 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A series of resonant column tests on sediments from offshore Haifa, Israel are presented in this paper. Samples were obtained from both the Akhziv submarine canyon and the undisturbed slope located on the continental terrace of Northern Israel in the Eastern Mediterranean using a gravity corer in 59 to 699 m of water depth. The continental shelf of northern Sinai, Israel, and Lebanon is made of 1–2-km-thick Nile-derived sediments of the Pliocene–Quaternary age that were transported to the northeast by the counterclockwise contour current system of the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea, and accumulated along the continental margin. The sediments tested consist of dark grey silty clays (MH/CH). The sedimentological pattern over the continental shelf and the adjacent parts of the deep-sea Levant Platform essentially consists of continuous hemipelagic sedimentation of the Nile-derived sediments along the continental margin and frequent episodic earthquake triggered sediment slumping with redistribution down slope. The soft sediments described in this paper were trimmed for use in the resonant column apparatus using an osmotic knife in the shape of a split mold. The resonant column utilized in this study was a fixed free apparatus. The total unit weight of the specimens ranged from 14.31 to 17.98 kN/m3, whereas the water content varied from 40 % to 95 %. Maximum shear modulus varied with depth of water, location on the shelf and in the canyon. For the undisturbed slope, the maximum shear modulus is approximately 25 to 29 MPa. For the canyon flank, the modulus ranged from 4.2 to 17.2 MPa. This is in contrast to the canyon bed where shear modulus ranged from 220 to 334 MPa. The increase in shear modulus of the canyon bed sediments is believed a result of either or both internal structure or slight cementation in the Akhziv material based on a combination of previous triaxial testing and site geology. The corresponding damping ratio ranges from 0.5 % to 4 % as a function of shear strain and effective stress. Modulus and damping test results are compared with other marine sediments: offshore Eureka, CA; Navarin Basin, Bering Sea; Gulf of Mexico; and Casablanca and the Santa Barbara Channel California.
Full-Scale Evaluation of the Performance of Three Compacted Clay Liners
Authors: Chapuis Robert P. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This paper examines the performance of three compacted clay liners for holding and treating municipal wastewater in three lagoons. The quality controls for the liners included verification of compaction conditions (dry density and water content) and full-scale leakage tests. These were made by filling each lagoon with clear water and monitoring the leakage rate versus water level in the lagoon. This paper presents the quality control data, the predicted local values of the hydraulic conductivity k versus void ratio e, and degree of saturation Sr as achieved by compaction, and a statistical prediction of the large-scale k value for each liner. For this case history, one full-scale test was performed before winter and the measured large-scale k value agreed with the predicted value. Two full-scale tests were performed the following spring, and revealed that frost had seriously damaged the liners of the two lagoons, which had been left empty during winter. The paper thus validates a previously proposed model for predicting hydraulic conductivity, and it also provides a statistical approach to predict the large-scale k value of undamaged clay liners.
Measurement and Prediction of Heat of Hydration of Portland Cement Using Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry
Authors: Sedaghat Ahmadreza , Zayed A. , Sandberg Paul 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTen industrial Portland cements were carefully tested continuously for up to seven days for their heat of hydration at 23°C, using isothermal conduction calorimetry in accordance with ASTM C1702. The internal mixing procedure was implemented for all the mixes, and external mixing was conducted on one of the cements. The results indicate that for a given Portland cement, the shape of the heat of hydration curve from three days to seven days can be modeled using an exponential function similar to that used in maturity concepts. The findings also indicate that such a function can be used in predicting the seven-day heat of hydration of Portland cement based on data collected for up to 84 h. The suggested approach could eliminate the need for measuring heat of hydration data at ages when the heat flow has decreased substantially to levels at which the signal-to-noise ratio is low. This work effectively proposes a method for accurately predicting the total heat generated by Portland cements at seven days based on heat flow measurements for up to 84 h.
Reports from the Theatre of War. Major Viktor von Lignitz and the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78
Authors: Stone James 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
There continues to be a dearth of detailed studies of the reports filed by military attachés. This gap is especially evident in the recent historiography of the Prussian army because the majority of these documents were destroyed along with the Heeresarchiv in 1945. However, through a series of fortunate circumstances virtually all of the original reports filed by Major Viktor von Lignitz (military attaché in St. Petersburg 1876–1885) while acting as an observer with the Russian army during the war against Turkey were retained in the archives of the Auswärtiges Amt and were thereby spared the flames. The preservation of over eighty official despatches filed during Lignitz′s military mission not only provides researchers with the critical perspective of an experienced combat officer on the Balkan campaign of 1877/78, but also sheds important new light on a critical period in international affairs. In particular, the picture of Lignitz′s mission that emerges from the files of the Foreign Office archives adds another chapter to the history of the problematic relationship between the civilian and military leadership during the imperial era.
Systematic Review of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Adolescent Development
Authors: Buckingham-Howes Stacy , Berger Sarah Shafer , Scaletti Laura A. , Black Maureen M. 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Previous research found that prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) may increase children's vulnerability to behavior and cognition problems. Maturational changes in brain and social development make adolescence an ideal time to reexamine associations. The objective was to conduct a systematic review of published studies examining associations between PCE and adolescent development (behavior, cognition/school outcomes, physiologic responses, and brain morphology/functioning).

METHODS:
Articles were obtained from PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases through July 2012 with search terms: prenatal drug, substance, or cocaine exposure; adolescence/adolescent; and in utero substance/drug exposure. Criteria for inclusion were nonexposed comparison group, human adolescents aged 11 to 19, peer-reviewed, English-language, and adolescent outcomes.

RESULTS:
Twenty-seven studies representing 9 cohorts met the criteria. Four outcome categories were identified: behavior, cognition/school performance, brain structure/function, and physiologic responses. Eleven examined behavior; 7 found small but significant differences favoring nonexposed adolescents, with small effect sizes. Eight examined cognition/school performance; 6 reported significantly lower scores on language and memory tasks among adolescents with PCE, with varying effect sizes varied. Eight examined brain structure/function and reported morphologic differences with few functional differences. Three examined physiologic responses with discordant findings. Most studies controlled for other prenatal exposures, caregiving environment, and violence exposure; few examined mechanisms.

CONCLUSIONS:
Consistent with findings among younger children, PCE increases the risk for small but significantly less favorable adolescent functioning. Although the clinical importance of differences is often unknown, the caregiving environment and violence exposure pose additional threats. Future research should investigate mechanisms linking PCE with adolescent functioning.
Effectiveness of Preventive Dental Visits in Reducing Nonpreventive Dental Visits and Expenditures
Authors: Sen Bisakha , Blackburn Justin , Morrisey Michael A. , Kilgore Meredith L. , Becker David J. , Caldwell Cathy , Menachemi Nir 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Although preventive dental visits are considered important for maintaining pediatric oral health, there is relatively little research showing that they reduce subsequent nonpreventive dental visits or costs. At least 1 study seemed to find that early preventive dental care is associated with more restorative and emergency visits. Previous studies are limited by their inability to account for unmeasurable factors that may lead children to “select” into using both more preventive and nonpreventive dental care. We used econometric techniques that minimize selection bias to assess the effectiveness of preventive dental care in reducing subsequent nonpreventive dental service utilization among children.

METHODS:
Using data from Alabama’s Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), 1998–2010., a cohort study of children’s dental service utilization was conducted. Outcomes were 1-year lagged nonpreventive dental care and expenditures, and overall dental and medical expenditures. Children who were continuously enrolled for at least 3 years were included. Separate models were estimated for children aged &lt;8 years (n = 14 972) and those aged ≥8 years (n = 21 833).

RESULTS:
More preventive visits were associated with fewer subsequent nonpreventive dental visits and lower nonpreventive dental expenditures for both groups. However, more preventive visits did not reduce overall dental or medical (inclusive of dental) expenditures.

CONCLUSIONS:
Preventive dental visits can reduce subsequent nonpreventive visits and expenditures for children continuously enrolled in CHIP. However, they may not reduce overall program costs. Effective empirical research in this area must continue to address unobserved confounders and selection issues.
Pregnancy Dose Tdap and Postpartum Cocooning to Prevent Infant Pertussis: A Decision Analysis
Authors: Terranella Andrew , Asay Garrett R. Beeler , Messonnier Mark L. , Clark Thomas A. , Liang Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND:
Infants &lt;2 months of age are at highest risk of pertussis morbidity and mortality. Until recently, the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended protecting young infants by “cocooning” or vaccination of postpartum mothers and other close contacts with tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis, adsorbed (Tdap) booster vaccine. ACIP recommends pregnancy vaccination as a preferred and safe alternative to postpartum vaccination. The ACIP cocooning recommendation has not changed.

METHODS:
We used a cohort model reflecting US 2009 births and the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis schedule to simulate a decision and cost-effectiveness analysis of Tdap vaccination during pregnancy compared with postpartum vaccination with or without vaccination of other close contacts (ie, cocooning). We analyzed infant pertussis cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, as well as direct disease, indirect, and public health costs for infants in the first year of life. All costs were updated to 2011 US dollars.

RESULTS:
Pregnancy vaccination could reduce annual infant pertussis incidence by more than postpartum vaccination, reducing cases by 33% versus 20%, hospitalizations by 38% versus 19%, and deaths by 49% versus 16%. Additional cocooning doses in a father and 1 grandparent could avert an additional 16% of cases but at higher cost. The cost per quality-adjusted life-year saved for pregnancy vaccination was substantially less than postpartum vaccination ($414 523 vs $1 172 825).

CONCLUSIONS:
Tdap vaccination during pregnancy could avert more infant cases and deaths at lower cost than postpartum vaccination, even when postpartum vaccination is combined with additional cocooning doses. Pregnancy dose vaccination is the preferred alternative to postpartum vaccination for preventing infant pertussis.
Breast Milk–Acquired Cytomegalovirus Infection and Disease in VLBW and Premature Infants
Authors: Lanzieri Tatiana M. , Dollard Sheila C. , Josephson Cassandra D. , Schmid D. Scott , Bialek Stephanie R. 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND:
Very low birth weight (VLBW) and premature infants are at risk for developing postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, including CMV-related sepsis-like syndrome (CMV-SLS) for which in the United States are lacking.

METHODS:
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled proportions (and 95% confidence intervals) of VLBW and premature infants born to CMV-seropositive women with breast milk–acquired CMV infection and CMV-SLS. We combined these proportions with population-based rates of CMV seropositivity, breast milk feeding, VLBW, and prematurity to estimate annual rates of breast milk–acquired CMV infection and CMV-SLS in the United States.

RESULTS:
In our meta-analysis, among 299 infants fed untreated breast milk, we estimated 19% (11%–32%) acquired CMV infection and 4% (2%–7%) developed CMV-SLS. Assuming these proportions, we estimated a rate of breast milk–acquired CMV infection among VLBW and premature infants in the United States of 6.5% (3.7%–10.9%) and 1.4% (0.7%–2.4%) of CMV-SLS, corresponding to 600 infants with CMV-SLS in 2008. Among 212 infants fed frozen breast milk, our meta-analysis proportions were 13% (7%–24%) for infection and 5% (2%–12%) for CMV-SLS, yielding slightly lower rates of breast milk–acquired CMV infection (4.4%; 2.4%–8.2%) but similar rates of CMV-SLS (1.7%; 0.7%–4.1%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Breast milk–acquired CMV infection presenting with CMV-SLS is relatively rare. Prospective studies to better define the burden of disease are needed to refine guidelines for feeding breast milk from CMV-seropositive mothers to VLBW and premature infants.
Motor Delays: Early Identification and Evaluation
Authors: Noritz Garey H. , Murphy Nancy A. ,   NEUROMOTOR SCREENING EXPERT PANEL, Murphy Nancy A. , Hagan Joseph F. , Lipkin Paul H. , Macias Michelle M. , Navsaria Dipesh , Noritz Garey H. , Peacock Georgina , Rosenbaum Peter L. , Saal Howard M. , Sarwark John F. , Swanson Mark E. , Wiznitzer Max , Yeargin-Allsopp Marshalyn 
Published: May 2013

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed May 2017 and November 2022.
Pediatricians often encounter children with delays of motor development in their clinical practices. Earlier identification of motor delays allows for timely referral for developmental interventions as well as diagnostic evaluations and treatment planning. A multidisciplinary expert panel developed an algorithm for the surveillance and screening of children for motor delays within the medical home, offering guidance for the initial workup and referral of the child with possible delays in motor development. Highlights of this clinical report include suggestions for formal developmental screening at the 9-, 18-, 30-, and 48-month well-child visits; approaches to the neurologic examination, with emphasis on the assessment of muscle tone; and initial diagnostic approaches for medical home providers. Use of diagnostic tests to evaluate children with motor delays are described, including brain MRI for children with high muscle tone, and measuring serum creatine kinase concentration of those with decreased muscle tone. The importance of pursuing diagnostic tests while concurrently referring patients to early intervention programs is emphasized.
Nanometer Resolution XANES Imaging of in situ switched individual PC-RAM devices
Authors: Richter Jan H. , Kolobov Alexander V. , Fons Paul , Wang Xiaomin , Mitrofanov Kirill V. , Tominaga Junji , Osawa Hitoshi , Suzuki Motohiro 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe report on the study of single devices of phase-change (Ge2Sb2Te5) memory cells in line cell type devices. Devices were investigated employing an x-ray nanobeam of only about 150 nm diameter, which could be fully contained within the spatial extent of the active area within a single device cell. XANES spectra showing the device in the amorphous and crystalline state have been successfully collected after switching the device in situ at the synchrotron. By monitoring the fluorescence response of the sample constituent materials at a constant photon energy (corresponding to the Ge K-edge absorption edge) as a function of x-ray beam position on the sample 2D maps have been produced.
Non-adiabatic interactions in charge transfer collisions
Authors: Bacchus-Montabonel Marie-Christine , Rozsályi Emese , Bene Erika , Halász Gábor , Vibók Ágnes 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAn analysis of the charge transfer mechanism in the collision of multiply charged ions with molecular and biomolecular targets is performed, considering the non-adiabatic interactions between the molecular states involved. Collisions of doubly charged C 2+ ions on small molecular targets, CO and OH, have been investigated, together with the analysis of charge transfer between C 4+ ions on uracil and halouracil biomolecular targets. The process is studied theoretically by means of ab-initio molecular calculations followed by a semi-classical treatment of the collision dynamics. The influence of rotational couplings is discussed with regard to the collision energy. Strong anisotropic and vibration effects are pointed out.
Olfactory Function in Healthy Children: Normative Data for Odor Identification
Authors: van Spronsen Erik , Ebbens Fenna A. , Fokkens Wytske J. 
Published: May 2013

Background Olfactory disorders in children may be encountered frequently in the common ear, nose, and throat (ENT) practice. The need for objective measurements in the diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of olfaction is present. However, for young children most olfactory tests need further normative data to be useful in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to provide normative data in children and to determine possible parameters that influence odor identification test outcome. Methods In 201 healthy children reflecting the Dutch population, the Sniffin’ Sticks screening test was performed and possible outcome determinants (age, height, gender, weight, peak nasal inspiratory flow, previous ENT surgery, and parental smoking habits) were assessed. Results Age, gender, and previous ENT surgery seem to influence significantly the outcome of the olfactory test. Conclusion In a general population-based sample of children, normative data of the Sniffin’ Sticks screenings test are supplied as well as possible determinants of outcome.