bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The independent and combined effects of aerobic exercise intensity and dose differentially increase post‐exercise cerebral shear stress and blood flow
Authors: Moir M. Erin , Corkery Adam T. , Miller Kathleen B. , Pearson Andrew G. , Loggie Nicole A. , Apfelbeck Avery A. , Howery Anna J. , Barnes Jill N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research examined the impact of aerobic exercise intensity and dose on acute post‐exercise cerebral shear stress and blood flow. Fourteen young adults (27 ± 5 years of age, eight females) completed a maximal oxygen uptake () treadmill test followed by three randomized study visits: treadmill exercise at 30% of for 30 min, 70% of for 30 min and 70% of for a duration that resulted in caloric expenditure equal to that in the 30% visit (EqEE). A venous blood draw and internal carotid artery (ICA) ultrasound were collected before and immediately following exercise. ICA diameter and blood velocity were determined using automated edge detection software, and blood flow was calculated. Using measures of blood viscosity, shear stress was calculated. Aerobic exercise increased ICA shear stress (time: P = 0.005, condition: P = 0.012) and the increase was greater following exercise at 70% (∆4.1 ± 3.5 dyn/cm2) compared with 30% (∆1.1 ± 1.9 dyn/cm2; P = 0.041). ICA blood flow remained elevated following exercise (time: P = 0.002, condition: P = 0.010) with greater increases after 70% (Δ268 ± 150 mL/min) compared with 30% (∆125 ± 149 mL/min; P = 0.041) or 70% EqEE (∆127 ± 177 mL/min; P = 0.004). Therefore, aerobic exercise resulted in both intensity‐ and dose‐dependent effects on acute post‐exercise ICA blood flow whereby vigorous intensity exercise provoked a larger increase in ICA blood flow compared to light intensity exercise when performed at a higher dose.
Ingesting carbonated water post‐exercise in the heat transiently ameliorates hypotension and enhances mood state
Authors: Kajiki Masanobu , Katagiri Akira , Matsutake Ryoko , Lai Yin‐Feng , Hashimoto Hideki , Nishiyasu Takeshi , Fujii Naoto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe objective was to assess if post‐exercise ingestion of carbonated water in a hot environment ameliorates hypotension, enhances cerebral blood flow and heat loss responses, and positively modulates perceptions and mood states. Twelve healthy, habitually active young adults (five women) performed 60 min of cycling at 45% peak oxygen uptake in a hot climate (35°C). Subsequently, participants consumed 4°C carbonated or non‐carbonated (control) water (150 and 100 mL for males and females regardless of drink type) at 20 and 40 min into post‐exercise periods. Mean arterial pressure decreased post‐exercise at 20 min only (P = 0.032) compared to the pre‐exercise baseline. Both beverages transiently (∼1 min) increased mean arterial pressure and middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (cerebral blood flow index) regardless of post‐exercise periods (all P ≤ 0.015). Notably, carbonated water ingestion led to greater increases in mean arterial pressure (2.3 ± 2.8 mmHg vs. 6.6 ± 4.4 mmHg, P < 0.001) and middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (1.6 ± 2.5 cm/s vs. 3.8 ± 4.1 cm/s, P = 0.046) at 20 min post‐exercise period compared to non‐carbonated water ingestion. Both beverages increased mouth exhilaration and reduced sleepiness regardless of post‐exercise periods, but these responses were more pronounced with carbonated water ingestion at 40 min post‐exercise (mouth exhilaration: 3.1 ± 1.4 vs. 4.7 ± 1.7, P = 0.001; sleepiness: −0.7 ± 0.91 vs. −1.9 ± 1.6, P = 0.014). Heat loss responses and other perceptions were similar between the two conditions throughout (all P ≥ 0.054). We show that carbonated water ingestion temporarily ameliorates hypotension and increases the cerebral blood flow index during the early post‐exercise phase in a hot environment, whereas it enhances mouth exhilaration and reduces sleepiness during the late post‐exercise phase.
Adaptation of the Low Dissipation Low Dispersion Scheme for Reactive Multicomponent Flows on Unstructured Grids Using Density-Based Solvers
Authors: Lipkowicz Jonathan T. , Gövert Simon , Janus Bertram 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The low dissipation low dispersion (LD2) second-order accurate scheme is effective for scale-resolving simulations in finite volume computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers, thanks to its combination of a skew-symmetric split form for convective terms and matrix-valued artificial dissipation fluxes. However, reactive flow simulations face challenges due to steep gradients and varying gas properties. This study replaces the skew-symmetric scheme with the kinetic energy and entropy preserving (KEEP) scheme, utilizing quadratic and cubic split forms for convective terms, enhancing stability. The nonsmooth fluid interfaces in reactive flow simulations necessitate upwind fluxes for reactive scalars to limit total variation (TV), also requiring upwind fluxes for the mixture-dependent internal energy fluxes. Other convective terms use central discretizations from the KEEP scheme, leveraging LD2’s spatial reconstruction to minimize dispersive errors. Numerical assessments show this approach reduces spurious pressure oscillations in single and multicomponent flows. The absolute flux Jacobian for dissipation flux calculation is efficiently computed using an expanded Turkel’s approach for thermally perfect gas mixtures. Partial pressure derivatives are approximated when using the flamelet generated manifolds (FGM) combustion model. The proposed scheme is evaluated through scale-resolving simulations of the Cambridge burner flame SWB1 on an unstructured grid using the density-based solver TRACE, employing both finite rate chemistry (FRC) and FGM combustion models. Comparative analysis with the all-speed SLAU2 scheme shows the superior performance of the proposed scheme in handling turbulent reactive multicomponent flows.
A Dynamic Thickening Strategy for High-Fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics Analyses of Multi-Regime Combustion
Authors: Ballotti A. , Castellani S. , Andreini A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, a dynamic thickening strategy for dynamic thickened flame model for large eddy simulations (DTFLES) application to multi-regime combustion is proposed. The main idea lies in using the numerical solution of an ordinary differential equation (ODE) as a thickening factor. The equation relates the time derivative of the local thickening factor to its production and destruction rates, which are proportional to the gap between the instantaneous value and optimal target values. The smoothness of the thickening factor in time is ensured by the ODE solution, while in space it is achieved through a mathematical function defined in a continuous flame index space. The equation is numerically integrated with a semi-implicit scheme by making use of the backward Euler formula. The strategy has been implemented in a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver and it has been tested by performing Large Eddy Simulations of the hydrogen/air flame produced by the HYLON injector, which has been individuated as an interesting test case for the proposed dynamic strategy. Turbulence-chemistry interactions are recovered by means of a well-assessed subgrid efficiency model. Numerical results are compared with the experimental ones obtained at Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse (IMFT).
Optimization of a Hydrogen-Fueled Parametric Strut Injector Using an Automated Workflow Computational Fluid Dynamics Method
Authors: Treleaven Nicholas C. W. , Fournier Guillaume J. J. , Leparoux Julien , Mercier Renaud 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A strut injector for burning hydrogen has been optimized using an automated workflow system. In order to choose the optimal set of injectors to cover the design space, an optimized design of experiments (DOE) method was used to automatically choose the parameters that best spanned the design space. One hundred candidate designs were chosen, and a script was used to generate a series of stereolithography (STL) files for each design. The STL files were then uploaded to a supercomputer for computational fluid dynamics analysis. For each of the 100 designs, a four step process was followed to generate the required data, and this included an automated mesh generation step, a field initialization step, a mesh adaptation step, and finally an large eddy simulation all within the yales2 numerical framework. In order to reduce the time required for postprocessing and the amount of data required, the simulations relied heavily on an on-the-fly postprocessing methodology, which reduced the complex time-unsteady flow fields to a small number of quantified outputs of interest that measured the suitability of each design such as the pressure drop across the injector and the efficiency of the mixing process. At the conclusion of these simulations, automated scripts translated these outputs into a smaller set of parameters that could be used to compare each design and allow subsequent optimization and surrogate modeling. Several surrogate modeling methods were attempted with mixed results; however, a simple classification methodology quickly identified the parameters of interest.
Dietary Intake of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids, Metabolic Parameters, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels, and Anthropometric Features Among Elite and Subelite Soccer Players
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Yuyao , Shao Zhe 
Published: August 2024

Background: Several studies have revealed the positive healthy impacts of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs). However, most of these studies evaluated the serum BCFAs in humans, or treatment with exogenous BCFAs in animal or in-vitro models and the health impacts of dietary BCFAs have not yet been studied. Due to positive effects of BCFAs in sport, in the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary BCFAs and metabolic and inflammatory parameters among elite and subelite soccer players. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 335 elite and subelite soccer players (196 male), aged between 20 and 45 years old. Soccer players were enrolled from 32 teams under the directive of The Chinese Football Association. Demographic, anthropometric, and dietary assessments were performed and laboratory measurement including serum lipids, glycemic markers, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was measured. Results: Those with the highest dietary BCFAs consumption had higher appetite (p = .009). Also, high consumption of dietary BCFAs was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (odds ratio: 0.958; confidence interval: 0.918–0.999; p = .046) and low high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations in the third tertile of dietary BCFAs (odds ratio: 0.431; confidence interval: 0.300–0.618; p < .001). No other association between biochemical variables and dietary BCFAs was found. Conclusion: As shown in the current study, higher dietary BCFAs consumption was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure and inflammation. Due to very limited number of studies, further studies are needed to have a better perspective of these associations and their underlying mechanisms.
Hitchhiker’s Guide to
Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Bourgeois Jeffrey S. , Hu Linden T. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Don’t Panic. In the nearly 50 years since the discovery of Lyme disease,
Borrelia burgdorferi
has emerged as an unlikely workhorse of microbiology. Interest in studying host-pathogen interactions fueled significant progress in making the fastidious microbe approachable in laboratory settings, including the development of culture methods, animal models, and genetic tools. By developing these systems, insight has been gained into how the microbe is able to survive its enzootic cycle and cause human disease. Here, we discuss the discovery of
B. burgdorferi
and its development as a model organism before diving into the critical lessons we have learned about
B. burgdorferi
biology at pivotal stages of its lifecycle: gene expression changes during the tick blood meal, colonization of a new vertebrate host, and developing a long-lasting infection in that vertebrate until a new tick feeds. Our goal is to highlight the advancements that have facilitated
B. burgdorferi
research and identify gaps in our current understanding of the microbe.
Rapid and sensitive detection of chikungunya virus using one-tube, reverse transcription, semi-nested multi-enzyme isothermal rapid amplification, and lateral flow dipstick assays
Authors: Wu Xinlin , Liu Gaowen , Chang Yingchao , Zheng Mengyuan , Liu Li , Xia Xueshan , Feng Yue 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Chikungunya fever is an acute infectious disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is transmitted by
Aedes
mosquitoes. Simple, rapid, and sensitive detection of CHIKV is critical for its prevention and spread. To address this issue, we combined one-tube, reverse transcription semi-nested, multi-enzyme isothermal rapid amplification, and lateral flow dipstick strips assay to detect CHIKV RNA. The study used a 318-bp gene fragment of CHIKV NSP4 as the target of the assay. This method of amplification takes 30 min for two-step amplification at 39°C. The dilution of amplification products was added to the LFD strip with results visible to the naked eye after 10 min. The method has a sensitivity of 1 copy/μL for the detection of CHIKV RNA, which is 100-fold higher than the conventional reverse transcription-multi-enzyme isothermal rapid amplification and 10-fold higher than the reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method. In addition, the method demonstrated good specificity and a better detection rate (85.7%, 18 of 21) than RT-qPCR (80.9%, 17 of 21) in clinically confirmed patient plasma samples. Thus, the rapid CHIKV RNA assay developed in this study will be an important tool for the rapid and accurate screening of patients for chikungunya fever.

IMPORTANCE
This study presents a new one-tube, reverse transcription semi-nested, multi-enzyme isothermal rapid amplification assay combined with lateral flow dipstick strips for the detection of CHIKV. This technique significantly improves sensitivity and outperforms RT-qPCR for the detection of CHIKV, especially in samples with low viral loads. It is also significantly faster than conventional RT-qPCR and does not require special equipment or a standard PCR laboratory. The combination of the isothermal amplification technology developed in this study with point-of-care molecular testing offers the potential for rapid, on-site, low-cost molecular diagnosis of CHIKV.
A large colonial choanoflagellate from Mono Lake harbors live bacteria
Authors: Hake K. H. , West P. T. , McDonald K. , Laundon D. , Reyes-Rivera J. , Garcia De Las Bayonas A. , Feng C. , Burkhardt P. , Richter D. J. , Banfield J. F. , King N. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

As the closest living relatives of animals, choanoflagellates offer insights into the ancestry of animal cell physiology. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a colonial choanoflagellate from Mono Lake, California. The choanoflagellate forms large spherical colonies that are an order of magnitude larger than those formed by the closely related choanoflagellate
Salpingoeca rosetta
. In cultures maintained in the laboratory, the lumen of the spherical colony is filled with a branched network of extracellular matrix and colonized by bacteria, including diverse Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. We propose to erect
Barroeca monosierra
gen. nov., sp. nov. Hake, Burkhardt, Richter, and King to accommodate this extremophile choanoflagellate. The physical association between bacteria and
B. monosierra
in culture presents a new experimental model for investigating interactions among bacteria and eukaryotes. Future work will investigate the nature of these interactions in wild populations and the mechanisms underpinning the colonization of
B. monosierra
spheres by bacteria.

IMPORTANCE

The diversity of organisms that live in the extreme environment of Mono Lake (California, USA) is limited. We sought to investigate whether the closest living relatives of animals, the choanoflagellates, exist in Mono Lake, a hypersaline, alkaline, arsenic-rich environment. We repeatedly isolated members of a new species of choanoflagellate, which we have named
Barroeca monosierra
. Characterization of
B. monosierra
revealed that it forms large spherical colonies containing diverse co-isolated bacteria, providing an opportunity to investigate mechanisms underlying physical associations between eukaryotes and bacteria.
Effectiveness of silver and iodine dressings on wound healing: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Yan , Zhang Qijian , Wang Hongjuan , Välimäki Maritta , Zhou Qiuhong , Dai Weiwei , Guo Jia 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of silver and iodine dressings on healing time, healing rate, exudate amount, pain and anti-infective efficacy.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesDatabases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL were surveyed up to May 2024.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials comparing silver and iodine dressings on wound healing in humans.Data extraction and synthesisEvidence certainty was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Data extraction was done independently by two reviewers, with the risk of bias assessed using the Cochrane tool. Narrative synthesis was performed to evaluate the effects of silver and iodine dressings on healing time, healing rate, pain, exudate amount and anti-infective efficacy. Meta-analysis using Review Manager V.5.4 calculated standardised mean differences for healing time and relative risks for rate to quantify the impacts of the treatments.Results17 studies (18 articles) were included. The meta-analysis indicated that silver dressings significantly reduced healing time compared with iodine dressings (SMD=-0.95, 95% CI −1.62 to −0.28, I2=92%, p=0.005, moderate-quality evidence), with no significant difference in enhancing healing rate (RR=1.29, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.85, I2=91%, p=0.16, low-quality evidence). Based on low-quality evidence, for exudate amount (3/17), 66.7% (2/3) of the studies favoured silver dressings over iodine in reducing exudate volume. For pain (7/17), 57.1% (4/7) of the studies reported no significant difference between silver and iodine dressings, while 42.9% (3/7) studies indicated superior pain relief with silver dressings. For anti-infective efficacy (11/13), 54.5% (6/11) of the studies showed equivalence between silver and iodine dressings, while 36.4% (4/11) suggested greater antibacterial efficacy for silver.ConclusionSilver dressings, demonstrating a comparable healing rate to iodine dressings, significantly reduce healing time, suggesting their potential as a superior adjunct in wound care.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020199602.
Assessing the impact and safety of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in treating catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Dong Zhenyu , Shang Shuai , Mu Yali , Yusup Rukiya , Li Yaodong , Zhou Xianhui , Lu Yanmei , Tang Baopeng 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundWhile the guidelines acknowledge the anticipated benefits of using an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in individuals with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). However, the potential adverse effects have received less attention.Methods and analysisTo address this issue comprehensively, we will explore various databases such as the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE and PubMed. Our study will include CPVT patients, both with and without ICD implantation. Two researchers will evaluate the eligible studies independently and gather pertinent data. The quality of the studies included will be assessed using either the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Data analysis will be conducted using RevMan.Ethics and disseminationBecause this research depends exclusively on existing studies, obtaining patient informed consent and ethics approval is unnecessary. The results of this meta-analysis will be shared at conferences or in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022370824.
Life expectancy and geographic variation in mortality: an observational comparison study of six high-income Anglophone countries
Authors: Wilkie Rachel Z , Ho Jessica Y 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo compare life expectancy levels and within-country geographic variation in life expectancy across six high-income Anglophone countries between 1990 and 2018.DesignDemographic analysis using aggregated mortality data.SettingSix high-income Anglophone countries (USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand), by sex, including an analysis of subnational geographic inequality in mortality within each country.PopulationData come from the Human Mortality Database, the WHO Mortality Database and the vital statistics agencies of six high-income Anglophone countries.Main outcome measuresLife expectancy at birth and age 65; age and cause of death contributions to life expectancy differences between countries; index of dissimilarity for within-country geographic variation in mortality.ResultsAmong six high-income Anglophone countries, Australia is the clear best performer in life expectancy at birth, leading its peer countries by 1.26–3.95 years for women and by 0.97–4.88 years for men in 2018. While Australians experience lower mortality across the age range, most of their life expectancy advantage accrues between ages 45 and 84. Australia performs particularly well in terms of mortality from external causes (including drug- and alcohol-related deaths), screenable/treatable cancers, cardiovascular disease and influenza/pneumonia and other respiratory diseases compared with other countries. Considering life expectancy differences across geographic regions within each country, Australia tends to experience the lowest levels of inequality, while Ireland, New Zealand and the USA tend to experience the highest levels.ConclusionsAustralia has achieved the highest life expectancy among Anglophone countries and tends to rank well in international comparisons of life expectancy overall. It serves as a potential model for lower-performing countries to follow to reduce premature mortality and inequalities in life expectancy.