bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term amino acid infusion improves protein balance in critically ill patients
Authors: Liebau Felix , Sundström Martin , van Loon Luc JC , Wernerman Jan , Rooyackers Olav 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Evidence behind the recommendations for protein feeding during critical illness is weak. Mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the effects of amino acid and/or protein supplementation on protein metabolism before larger clinical trials with higher levels of protein feeding are initiated.

Methods
We studied the effects of parenteral amino acid supplementation (equivalent to 1 g/kg/day) over the course of 3 hours on whole-body protein turnover in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) during the first week after admission. Patients were studied at baseline during ongoing nutrition and during extra amino acid supplementation. If the patient was still in the ICU 2 to 4 days later, these measurements were repeated. Protein kinetics were measured using continuous stable isotope-labeled phenylalanine and tyrosine infusions.

Results
Thirteen patients were studied on the first study occasion only, and seven were studied twice. Parenteral amino acid supplementation significantly improved protein balance on both occasions, from a median of −4 to +7 μmol phenylalanine/kg/hr (P =0.001) on the first study day and from a median of 0 to +12 μmol phenylalanine/kg/hr (P =0.018) on the second study day. The more positive protein balance was attributed to an increased protein synthesis rate, which reached statistical significance during the first measurement (from 58 to 65 μmol phenylalanine/kg/hr; n =13; P =0.007), but not during the second measurement (from 58 to 69 μmol phenylalanine/kg/hr; n =7; P =0.09). Amino acid oxidation rates, estimated by phenylalanine hydroxylation, did not increase during the 3-hour amino acid infusion. A positive correlation (r =0.80; P <0.0001) was observed between total amino acids and/or protein given to the patient and whole-body protein balance.

Conclusion
Extra parenteral amino acids infused over a 3-hour period improved whole-body protein balance and did not increase amino acid oxidation rates in critically ill patients during the early phase (first week) of critical illness.
Aspirin therapy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with reduced intensive care unit mortality: a prospective analysis
Authors: Boyle Andrew J , Di Gangi Stefania , Hamid Umar I , Mottram Linda-Jayne , McNamee Lia , White Griania , Cross LJ Mark , McNamee James J , O’Kane Cecilia M , McAuley Daniel F 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common clinical syndrome with high mortality and long-term morbidity. To date there is no effective pharmacological therapy. Aspirin therapy has recently been shown to reduce the risk of developing ARDS, but the effect of aspirin on established ARDS is unknown.

Methods
In a single large regional medical and surgical ICU between December 2010 and July 2012, all patients with ARDS were prospectively identified and demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were recorded retrospectively. Aspirin usage, both pre-hospital and during intensive care unit (ICU) stay, was included. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess the impact of these variables on ICU mortality.

Results
In total, 202 patients with ARDS were included; 56 (28%) of these received aspirin either pre-hospital, in the ICU, or both. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, aspirin therapy, given either before or during hospital stay, was associated with a reduction in ICU mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.38 (0.15 to 0.96) P = 0.04). Additional factors that predicted ICU mortality for patients with ARDS were vasopressor use (OR 2.09 (1.05 to 4.18) P = 0.04) and APACHE II score (OR 1.07 (1.02 to 1.13) P = 0.01). There was no effect upon ICU length of stay or hospital mortality.

Conclusion
Aspirin therapy was associated with a reduced risk of ICU mortality. These data are the first to demonstrate a potential protective role for aspirin in patients with ARDS. Clinical trials to evaluate the role of aspirin as a pharmacological intervention for ARDS are needed.
Analysis of an FBMC/OQAM scheme for asynchronous access in wireless communications
Authors: Mattera Davide , Tanda Mario , Bellanger Maurice 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The OFDM/OQAM transceiver belongs to the filter-bank-based multicarrier (FBMC) family and, unlike OFDM schemes, it is particularly able to meet the requirements of the physical layer of cognitive radio networks such as high level of adjacent channel leakage ratio and asynchronous communications. The paper proposes and analyzes a new implementation structure, named frequency spreading, for the OFDM/OQAM transceiver. On flat channels, it is equivalent to the standard one in terms of input-output relations, though more complex. On multipath channels, it offers a crucial advantage in terms of equalization, which is performed in the frequency domain, leading to high performance and no additional delay. With its flexibility and level of performance, the analyzed scheme has the potential to outperform OFDM in the asynchronous access context and in cognitive radio networks.
Antenatal alcohol exposure: An East Anglian study of midwives' knowledge and practice
Authors: Winstone Anne Marie , Verity Christopher 
Published: March 2015

Objective: To study midwives' knowledge, practice and opinions regarding advice about fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) and alcohol intake in pregnancy. Design: A postal questionnaire was sent to 1862 midwives employed in 13 NHS Trusts in East Anglia, incorporating city and rural areas. Results: The authors received responses from 33.5% of the midwives contacted (n=624), of which 98% stated that alcohol abstinence in pregnancy would be their preferred advice, and 38% had seen an infant with FAS. Less than 2% indicated that they were ‘very prepared’ to deal with the subject. Only 10% identified all four classic features of FAS. Conclusions: More than a third of midwives had seen an infant with FAS. The advice given to pregnant mothers by participants varied. The midwives stated that they would like more information and support. Implications for practice: Expansion of midwives' knowledge should improve the quality of antenatal advice, leading to better prevention, intervention and recognition of FASD in children.
Midwives' perception about their practice in a midwifery-led care model in karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Zulekha , Jan Rafat , McInytre Helen , Rattani Salma Amin , Sikandar Rozina 
Published: March 2015

Objective: To explore the experiences and perceptions of midwives practising the midwifery-led care model at two private facilities of women and children hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: The descriptive qualitative data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires with 10 midwives. Results: The findings of the study revealed one theme and four related categories. The theme of the study emerged as ‘struggling to be a professional midwife’ and the related four categories were: (i) asking to perform within the full scope of practice, (ii) obstetricians’ reliance and trust in midwives' expertise, (iii) raising concerns about expensive midwifery services, and (iv) encountering barriers to practise midwifery as independent practitioners. Conclusion: Midwives face some challenges practising the midwifery-led care model such as lack of visibility in society, low salaries and increased workload due to the shortage of staff. Lack of higher education was also highlighted by the midwives as they have no opportunities for career growth. This study will increase midwives' autonomous role and decision-making in the clinical setting.
Rites of passage: Experiences of transition for forced Hazara migrants and refugees in Australia
Authors: Mackenzie Laurel , Guntarik Olivia 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article is about resettled Afghan Hazaras in Australia, many of whom are currently undergoing a complex process of transition (from transience into a more stable position) for the first time in their lives. Despite their permanent residency status, we show how resettlement can be a challenging transitional experience. For these new migrants, we argue that developing a sense of belonging during the transition period is a critical rite of passage in the context of their political and cultural identity. A study of forced migrants such as these, moving out of one transient experience into another transitional period (albeit one that holds greater promise and permanence) poses a unique intellectual challenge. New understandings about the ongoing, unpredictable consequences of ‘transience’ for refugee communities is crucial as we discover what might be necessary, as social support structures, to facilitate the process of transition into a distinctly new environment. The article is based on a doctoral ethnographic study of 30 resettled Afghan Hazara living in the region of Dandenong in Melbourne, Australia. Here, we include four of these participants’ reflections of transition during different phases of their resettlement. These reflections were particularly revealing of the ways in which some migrants deal with change and acquire a sense of belonging to the community. Taking a historical view, and drawing on Bourdieu’s notion of symbolic social capital to highlight themes in individual experiences of belonging, we show how some new migrants adjust and learn to ‘embody’ their place in the new country. Symbolic social capital illuminates how people access and use resources such as social networks as tools of empowerment, reflecting how Hazara post-arrival experiences are tied to complex power relations in their everyday social interactions and in their life trajectories as people in transition. We learned that such tools can facilitate the formation of Hazara migrant identities and are closely tied to their civic community participation, English language development, and orientation in, as well as comprehension of local cultural knowledge and place. This kind of theorization allows refugee, post-refugee and recent migrant narratives to be viewed not merely as static expressions of loss, trauma or damage, but rather as individual experiences of survival, adaptation and upward mobility.
‘How Silver-Sweet Sound Lovers’ Tongues’: The music of love and death in Franco Zeffirelli’s Romeo and Juliet
Authors: Lin Samantha 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article examines the ways in which the musical ‘love theme’ in Franco Zeffirelli’s Romeo and Juliet (1968) plays a crucial role in the careful negotiation of additions and subtractions in terms of content, visuals, and audio alike—negotiations made necessary by the shift of medium from drama to film. Introduced as a song entitled ‘What Is a Youth?’ in the film’s diegesis, the ‘love theme’ is a popular tune that has since been covered extensively in various versions and arrangements. However, despite the name attributed to the cue, the ‘love theme’ does not only represent the titular characters’ passion, but also the result of such love: their deaths. By considering the function of the ‘love theme’ in relation to both notions of love and death, this article argues that the soundtrack is crucial in supporting Zeffirelli’s interpretation, not only in terms of creating an emotional landscape for the film, but also on a wider level in consolidating and translating the ideas of Shakespearean tragedy.
Passing an Enhanced Turing Test – Interacting with Lifelike Computer Representations of Specific Individuals
Authors: Gonzalez Avelino J. , Leigh Jason , DeMara Ronald F. , Johnson Andrew , Jones Steven , Lee Sangyoon , Hung Victor , Renambot Luc , Leon-Barth Carlos , Brown Maxine , Elvir Miguel , Hollister James , Kobosko Steven 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article describes research to build an embodied conversational agent (ECA) as an interface to a question-and-answer (Q/A) system about a National Science Foundation (NSF) program. We call this ECA the LifeLike Avatar, and it can interact with its users in spoken natural language to answer general as well as specific questions about specific topics. In an idealized case, the LifeLike Avatar could conceivably provide a user with a level of interaction such that he or she would not be certain as to whether he or she is talking to the actual person via video teleconference. This could be considered a (vastly) extended version of the seminal Turing test. Although passing such a test is still far off, our work moves the science in that direction. The Uncanny Valley notwithstanding, applications of such lifelike interfaces could include those where specific instructors/caregivers could be represented as stand-ins for the actual person in situations where personal representation is important. Possible areas that come to mind that might benefit from these lifelike ECAs include health-care support for elderly/disabled patients in extended home care, education/training, and knowledge preservation. Another more personal application would be to posthumously preserve elements of the persona of a loved one by family members. We apply this approach to a Q/A system for knowledge preservation and dissemination, where the specific individual who had this knowledge was to retire from the US National Science Foundation. The system is described in detail, and evaluations were performed to determine how well the system was perceived by users.
Crystal structure of 2,3-dihydro-2,2-di(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]- imidazole, C17H14N4
Authors: Habarurema Gratien , Gerber Thomas I. A. , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: March 2015

Abstract C17H14N4, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 10.3837(3) Å, b = 10.4793(3) Å, c = 26.7515(7) Å, V = 2910.9 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0341, wRref(F2) = 0.0909, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of 6-(benz-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydropyridazin-3-one —N,N-dimethylformamide (1:1), C14H15N5O2
Authors: Tian Chong , Nie Wanli , Yang Xiaorong , Xiong Jun Ru , Borzov Maxim V. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract C14H15N5O2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 7.1378(3) Å, b = 12.0046(4) Å, c = 32.1450(13) Å, V = 2754.4 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0452, wRref(F2) = 0.1009, T = 120 K.
Benzhydrylium and tritylium ions: complementary probes for examining ambident nucleophiles
Authors: Ofial Armin R. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The linear free energy relationship log k = sN(N + E) (eq. 1), in which E is an electrophilicity, N is a nucleophilicity, and s
N is a nucleophile-dependent sensitivity parameter, is a reliable tool for predicting rate constants of bimolecular electrophile-nucleophile combinations. Nucleophilicity scales that are based on eq. (1) rely on a set of structurally similar benzhydrylium ions (Ar2CH+) as reference electrophiles. As steric effects are not explicitely considered, eq. (1) cannot unrestrictedly be employed for reactions of bulky substrates. Since, on the other hand, the reactions of tritylium ions (Ar3C+) with hydride donors, alcohols, and amines were found to follow eq. (1), tritylium ions turned out to be complementary tools for probing organic reactivity. Kinetics of the reactions of Ar3C+ with π-nucleophiles (olefins), n-nucleophiles (amines, alcohols, water), hydride donors and ambident nucleophiles, such as the anions of 5-substituted Meldrum’s acids, are discussed to analyze the applicability of tritylium ions as reference electrophiles.
Mechanistic insights from mass spectrometry: examination of the elementary steps of catalytic reactions in the gas phase
Authors: Vikse Krista L. , McIndoe J. Scott 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Real-time mass spectrometric monitoring of speciation in a catalytic reaction while it is occurring provides powerful insights into mechanistic aspects of the reaction, but cannot be expected to elucidate all details. However, mass spectrometers are not limited just to analysis: they can serve as reaction vessels in their own right, and given their powers of separation and activation in the gas phase, they are also capable of generating and isolating reactive intermediates. We can use these capabilities to help fill in our overall understanding of the catalytic cycle by examining the elementary steps that make it up. This article provides examples of how these simple reactions have been examined in the gas phase.
Functionalization of polyolefin melts containing carbon nanotubes and the properties of their blends with polyamide 6
Authors: Krivoguz Yuri M. , Makarenko Olga A. , Pesetskii Stepan S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) on the course of reactive-extrusion-free-radical grafting oftrans-ethylene-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid onto linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and ethylene-propylene copolymer (c-PP) containing ≈7 wt.% ethylene units was studied. The extrusion reactor was the material cylinder of the twin-screw extruder TSSK-35/40 (screw diameter 35 mm; length/diameter ratio=40; 10 independent heating zones). It was found that the extent of the influence of MWNT depends on their concentration and on the PO character. It is shown that monomer grafting efficiency can be improved with a MWNT concentration of ≈0.05 wt% in the reactive system. In free-radical grafting of the cross-linkable LLDPE, the MWNT (≥0.1 wt%) were shown to inhibit the concurrent process of macromolecular cross-linking; in the case of c-PP, which predominantly undergoes degradation during functionalization, the concurrent reactions were observed to accelerate catalytically. In the case of polyamide 6/LLDPE blends, the MWNT promote the strengthening of melt flow junctures that formed during the filling of the die-mold cavity.
Evaluating the functional state of adult-born neurons in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampus: from birth to functional integration
Authors: Aguilar-Arredondo Andrea , Arias Clorinda , Zepeda Angélica 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHippocampal neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain in various species, including humans. A compelling question that arose when neurogenesis was accepted to occur in the adult dentate gyrus (DG) is whether new neurons become functionally relevant over time, which is key for interpreting their potential contributions to synaptic circuitry. The functional state of adult-born neurons has been evaluated using various methodological approaches, which have, in turn, yielded seemingly conflicting results regarding the timing of maturation and functional integration. Here, we review the contributions of different methodological approaches to addressing the maturation process of adult-born neurons and their functional state, discussing the contributions and limitations of each method. We aim to provide a framework for interpreting results based on the approaches currently used in neuroscience for evaluating functional integration. As shown by the experimental evidence, adult-born neurons are prone to respond from early stages, even when they are not yet fully integrated into circuits. The ongoing integration process for the newborn neurons is characterised by different features. However, they may contribute differently to the network depending on their maturation stage. When combined, the strategies used to date convey a comprehensive view of the functional development of newly born neurons while providing a framework for approaching the critical time at which new neurons become functionally integrated and influence brain function.
Вплив бджолиного пилку на центральну нервову систему тварин
Authors: Severynovs’ka O. V. , Kasymova К. І. 
Published: March 2015

Досліджено вплив бджолиного пилку на стан центральної нервової системи білих лабораторних щурів. Поведінкові реакції оцінювали у „відкритому полі”, запис біоелектричної активності проводили від лобово-тім’яної кори, дорсального гіпокампа та гіпоталамуса на стандартному електрофізіологічному устаткуванні. Показано, що бджолиний пилок, викликаючи збільшення абсолютних показників складових електричної активності мозку, знижує частку повільних низькочастотних компонентів і підвищує потужність швидких високочастотних. Це проявляється у підвищенні спонтанної рухової активності й розвитку орієнтовно-дослідної стратегії поведінки, що вказує на сприятливий вплив цього препарату на ЦНС
Cönológiai hasonlósági mintázatok indikációs ereje genuszszint? taxonlisták és gyakorisági eloszlások alapján
Authors: Gergócs Veronika 
Published: March 2015

Egy él?hely cönológiai állapotának értékelésére sokféle módszer és indikátor áll rendelkezésre. Közülük kiemelked? gyakorlati ökológiai jelent?sége lehet azoknak, amelyek egyszer?ek, gyorsak, standardizálhatóak és megbízhatóak, illetve amelyek pontosan számszer?sítik az él?hely állapotát. Az egyik lehetséges módszer az él?helyen el?forduló, kisméret?, nagy abundanciájú és változatos ökológiai sajátságú nemzetségek (genuszok) vizsgálata. Az egyik legmegfelel?bbnek ítélt csoport erre a célra a talajlakó páncélosatkáké (Acari: Oribatida).
Az MTA "Alkalmazkodás a klímaváltozáshoz" Kutatócsoportja bioindikációs módszertani kutatási programjához kapcsolódva, Oribatida talajatkákra vonatkozó, általunk felvételezett és irodalmi eredet? adatsorokon elemeztük a genuszszint? taxonlisták indikációs erejét, valamint a hasonlósági mintázatokat létrehozó f?bb mintázatgeneráló tényez?k hatását. Egy olyan módszertani eljárás kifejlesztése volt a cél, amelynek segítségével két tetsz?leges forrásból származó Oribatida genuszlista távolságfüggvényekkel kifejezett különböz?sége tér- és id?léptékeknek feleltethet? meg. Igazoltuk, hogy a genuszlisták az él?helyek térbeli távolságát is kifejezik. Módszerünkkel a bolygatott vagy átalakult él?helyek megváltozását az Oribatida közösségek, tér-id?beli távolságával tudjuk kifejezni.
A matematikai logika alapfogalmainak elsajátítása e-learning tananyag segítségével a szakért?i rendszerek oktatásában
Authors: Bakó Mária 
Published: March 2015

A világ egyre gyorsabban halad az elektronikus eszközök használatának irányába. Természetes, hogy az oktatás sem maradhat le ezek megismertetésében és használatában. Az elmúlt évtized folyamán az oktatásban az e-learning egyre fontosabb szerephez jutott, hiszen segítségével megvalósíthatóvá vált a diákközpontú tanulás, amikor is a diák saját ütemében haladhat a tananyagban.
A szakért?i rendszerek tantárgy oktatása során rájöttem, hogy a képzés során diákjaink oktatásából kimarad a logika és középiskolából hozott tudásuk nem elegend? ahhoz, hogy erre építhessük a Prolog illetve Clips programnyelvek oktatását. Hiszen a szakért?i rendszerek esetén ? adott rendszer leírásához akár több ezer állítás paramétert is fel kell használni, ezért az alapvet? matematikai logikai fogalmak ismerete nélkülözhetetlen. Arra gondoltam, hogy egy e-learning tananyag segítségével a kurzus elején hatékonyan és gyorsan tudjuk pótolni és elsajátíttatni a számukra nélkülözhetetlen logikai alapfogalmakat. Ebben a cikkben egy olyan e-learning környezetet mutatok be, mely lehet?vé teszi Informatikus és szakigazgatási agrármérnök szakos hallgatóinknak a szakért?i rendszerek cím? tantárgy megalapozásához szükséges logikai alapfogalmak elsajátítását illetve átismétlését.