bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clopidogrel enhances periodontal repair in rats through decreased inflammation
Authors: Coimbra Leila S. , Steffens Joao Paulo , Rossa Carlos , Graves Dana T. , Spolidorio Luis C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimWe hypothesized that platelet inactivation induced by drugs might interfere with periodontal repair in experimental periodontitis by suppressing the release of biological mediators from platelets at the site of injury.Material and MethodsSixty rats were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10) and ligatures were placed around lower first molars of three groups. The other three groups were used as negative controls. Ligatures were removed after 10 days of periodontitis induction and all groups were submitted to treatment with aspirin (Asp) (30 mg/kg), clopidogrel (Clop) (75 mg/kg) or NaCl 0.9% intra‐gastrically once daily for 3 days. Periodontal tissue was assessed by the measurement of CXCL12, CXCL4, CCL5 and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; histomorphometrical analysis of polymorphonuclear (PMN) infiltration, attachment loss, bone loss and osteoclast numbers and quantification of blood vessels by imunnohistochemistry.ResultsDuring periodontal repair and treatment with NaCl 0.9%, CCL5 was decreased and CXCL12 increased when compared with negative control groups. Asp and Clop did not affect CCL5 expression, decreased CXCL12 but only Clop decreased CXCL4 and PDGF content compared with saline‐treated animals. Clop increased blood vessel number, reduced PMN count and decreased attachment and bone loss, also decreased osteoclast number in animals submitted or not to periodontal repair.ConclusionSystemic administration of Clop for 3 days improved the repair process associated with experimental periodontal disease, suggesting that it may have therapeutic value under situations where tissues undergo a transition from inflammation to repair.
Development of a walleye cell line and use to study the effects of temperature on infection by viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus group IVb
Authors: Vo N T K , Bender A W , Lee L E J , Lumsden J S , Lorenzen N , Dixon B , Bols N C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA cell line, WE‐cfin11f, with a fibroblast‐like morphology was developed from a walleye caudal fin and used to study the intersection of thermobiology of walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), with the thermal requirements for replication of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) IVb. WE‐cfin11f proliferated from 10 to 32 °C and endured as a monolayer for at least a week at 1–34 °C. WE‐cfin11f adopted an epithelial shape and did not proliferate at 4 °C. Adding VHSV IVb to cultures at 4 and 14 °C but not 26 °C led to cytopathic effects (CPE) and virus production. At 4 °C, virus production developed more slowly, but Western blotting showed more N protein accumulation. Infecting monolayer cultures at 4 °C for 7 days and then shifting them to 26 °C resulted in the monolayers being broken in small areas by CPE, but with time at 26 °C, the monolayers were restored. These results suggest that at 26 °C, the VHSV IVb life cycle stages responsible for CPE can be completed, but the production of virus and the initiation of infections cannot be accomplished.
Obesity and associated factors in adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Hsieh K. , Rimmer J. H. , Heller T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the prevalence of obesity in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) compared with the general population, and the factors associated with obesity and weight management status, comparing individuals with ID who were overweight or obese to those who were not.MethodsWe analysed baseline data (n = 1450) from the ongoing 4‐year Longitudinal Health and Intellectual Disabilities Study (LHIDS) using a multivariate approach. Measures included body mass index (BMI), demographics, level of ID, diagnoses related to ID, health behaviours (i.e. physical activity, dietary habits, smoking, and alcohol consumption), various health parameters (e.g. mobility limitation, medications), and residential type and location.ResultsCompared with the general population, adults (≥18 years) with ID had a higher prevalence of obesity (38.3% vs. 28%) and morbid obesity (7.4% vs. 4.2%). Being female (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.09–1.81), having Down syndrome (AOR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.86–3.45), taking medications that cause weight gain (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.38–2.37), engaging in less moderate physical activity (AOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.79–0.99), and drinking greater amounts of soda (AOR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.02–1.42) were associated with higher rates of obesity.ConclusionAdults with ID, in general, have a high risk of developing obesity, and women with ID have a high risk of developing morbid obesity. Health promotion initiatives should target individuals with the greatest risk.
N‐nitrosomelatonin enhances photic synchronization of mammalian circadian rhythms
Authors: Baidanoff Fernando M. , Plano Santiago A. , Doctorovich Fabio , Suárez Sebastián A. , Golombek Diego A. , Chiesa Juan J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMost physiological processes in mammals are synchronized to the daily light:dark cycle by a circadian clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. Signal transduction of light‐induced phase advances of the clock is mediated through a neuronal nitric oxide synthase‐guanilyl cyclase pathway. We have employed a novel nitric oxide‐donor, N‐nitrosomelatonin, to enhance the photic synchronization of circadian rhythms in hamsters. The intraperitoneal administration of this drug before a sub‐saturating light pulse at circadian time 18 generated a twofold increase of locomotor rhythm phase‐advances, having no effect over saturating light pulses. This potentiation was also obtained even when inhibiting suprachiasmatic nitric oxide synthase activity. However, N‐nitrosomelatonin had no effect on light‐induced phase delays at circadian time 14. The photic‐enhancing effects were correlated with an increased suprachiasmatic immunoreactivity of FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene and period1. Moreover, in vivo nitric oxide release by N‐nitrosomelatonin was verified by measuring nitrate and nitrite levels in suprachiasmatic nuclei homogenates. The compound also accelerated resynchronization to an abrupt 6‐h advance in the light:dark cycle (but not resynchronization to a 6‐h delay). Here, we demonstrate the chronobiotic properties of N‐nitrosomelatonin, emphasizing the importance of nitric oxide‐mediated transduction for circadian phase advances.
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We demonstrated the chronobiotic effects of a novel nitric oxide donor, N‐nitrosomelatonin (NO‐Mel), which enhanced light‐induced circadian entrainment and gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, the site of the mammalian biological clock, as well as promoted and accelerated rate of reentrainment to an experimental jetlag protocol. NO‐Mel increased nitrate/nitrite levels in the SCN and we suggest our findings represent a novel strategy for the treatment of human circadian disorders.
The Real Effects of Government‐Owned Banks: Evidence from an Emerging Market
Authors: CARVALHO DANIEL 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTUsing plant‐level data for Brazilian manufacturing firms, this paper provides evidence that government control over banks leads to significant political influence over the real decisions of firms. I find that firms eligible for government bank lending expand employment in politically attractive regions near elections. These expansions are associated with additional (favorable) borrowing from government banks. Further, these persistent expansions take place just before competitive elections, and are associated with lower future employment growth by firms in other regions. The analysis suggests that politicians in Brazil use bank lending to shift employment towards politically attractive regions and away from unattractive regions.
Non‐sentential vs. Ellipsis Approaches: Review and Extensions
Authors: Progovac Ljiljana 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNon‐sententials (also known as fragments, elliptical structures) can be roughly characterized as free‐standing utterances, which are, or at least appear to be, smaller than a sentence. The persisting controversy regarding non‐sententials is the following: are they pretty much what you see, base‐generated words, phrases, or small clauses (non‐sentential analysis), or are they full finite sentences that have undergone deletion/ellipsis (sentential/ellipsis analysis). This issue is all the more important today given that various interdisciplinary enterprises hinge on how it is resolved, including studies of language acquisition, language disorders, language evolution, and language representation in the brain. This review focuses on the most recent wave of controversy pertaining to non‐sententials and provides a critical assessment of the crucial connectivity/anti‐connectivity arguments, which are the backbone of both approaches, including islandhood, case, preposition stranding, and complementizer effects. The conclusion of this review is that a careful reexamination of each of these (anti‐)connectivity phenomena demonstrates that the non‐sentential approach is at least as successful as the ellipsis approach in accommodating these effects. Moreover, the non‐sentential approach opens up new and exciting prospects for enriching syntactic theory with new data and perspectives, as well as provides a better framework for interdisciplinary extensions mentioned above.
The Role of Descending Inhibitory Pathways on Chronic Pain Modulation and Clinical Implications
Authors: Kwon Mikwang , Altin Murat , Duenas Hector , Alev Levent 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe treatment and management of chronic pain is a major challenge for clinicians. Chronic pain is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, and there is a lack of awareness of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that contribute to chronic pain. Chronic pain involves peripheral and central sensitization, as well as the alteration of the pain modulatory pathways. Imbalance between the descending facilitatory systems and the descending inhibitory systems is believed to be involved in chronic pain in pathological conditions. A pharmacological treatment that could restore the balance between these 2 pathways by diminishing the descending facilitatory pain pathways and enhancing the descending inhibitory pain pathways would be a valuable therapeutic option for patients with chronic pain. Due to the lack of evidence for pharmacological options that act on descending facilitation pathways, in this review we summarize the role of the descending inhibitory pain pathways in pain perception. This review will focus primarily on monoaminergic descending inhibitory pain pathways and their contribution to the mechanism of chronic pain and several pharmacological treatment options that enhance these pathways to reduce chronic pain. We describe anatomical structures and neurotransmitters of the descending inhibitory pain pathways that are activated in response to nociceptive pain and altered in response to sustained and persistent pain which leads to chronic pain in various pathological conditions.
Fibrin Glue to Treat Spinal Fluid Leaks Associated with Intrathecal Drug Systems
Authors: Freeman Eric D. , Hoelzer Bryan C. , Eldrige Jason S. , Moeschler Susan M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDSs) are used to treat resistant pain states as well as intractable spasticity via medication delivery into the spinal fluid. Risks associated with implantation of these devices include infection, bleeding, intrathecal granuloma formation, and neurologic sequelae similar to other neuraxial procedures. Intrathecal catheter placement creates the additional risk of persistent spinal fluid leak, which can lead to postdural puncture headaches as well as seroma formation and may require subsequent surgical exploration or explantation. This retrospective case series examines 3 patients at a single institution with persistent spinal fluid leak after IDDS placement (and explantation in one case) resulting in headache and/or seroma formation that were treated with epidural fibrin glue.Three patients underwent IDDS implantation with baclofen for spasticity. In 1 patient, a cerebral spinal fluid leak developed at 1‐week postoperatively. After several unsuccessful epidural blood patches and surgical exploration with a catheter revision, she was ultimately treated successfully with a fibrin glue patch. The second patient received an IDDS and did well until a seroma developed 1 year later. He was likewise treated with an epidural fibrin glue patch after 2 failed blood patches. In a third patient, a spinal fluid leak developed after explantation of an IDDS and was treated with an epidural fibrin glue patch as initial therapy.
A study of the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory‐II, the Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in a sample from a healthy population
Authors: Kjærgaard Marie , Arfwedson Wang Catharina Elisabeth , Waterloo Knut , Jorde Rolf 
Published: November 2013

The objective of this study is to evaluate internal consistency and psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Beck Depression inventory‐II (BDI‐II) and the Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) for screening for major depressive episode (MDE) in a selected sample from a healthy population. Participants answered the BDI‐II and the HADS questionnaires and were interviewed with MADRS. The Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)‐IV Axis I Disorders‐Clinician Version (SCID‐CV) was used to diagnose MDE. Current MDE was diagnosed in 20 (6%) of the 357 participants. All three scales including the depression sub‐scale for HADS had high area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) (AUC) (0.84–0.87), and internal consistency was also high for all scales (0.75–0.89). Optimal cut‐off for MDE was ≥ 12 for BDI‐II, MADRS ≥ 8, HADS total ≥ 9, and HADS‐D ≥ 4, which all resulted in sensitivities = 85% and specificities > 78%. Diagnostic accuracy was low on all depression scales (Cohen's kappa = 0.20–0.40). Reports of the properties of depression scales in a healthy population are limited. We found BDI‐II, HADS and MADRS to be acceptable as screening instruments for MDE in a selected sample from healthy population with recommend cut‐offs as mentioned above.
Vibrational spectroscopy coupled to classical least square analysis, a new approach for determination of skin moisturizing agents' mechanisms
Authors: Vyumvuhore R. , Tfayli A. , Manfait M. , Baillet‐Guffroy A. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundSkin dryness is an omnipresent symptom in various types of skin disorders. Thereby, a large panel of skin care products is developed for therapeutic purposes. However, there is still a lack of non‐invasive methods to determine the mechanisms of action of moisturizers at the molecular level.MethodsIn the present study, confocal Raman spectroscopy coupled to classical least square analyses and ATR‐FTIR were used to investigate the effect of different molecules on the stratum corneum (SC) hydration degree and barrier state. First, hygroscopic property was determined by analyzing samples at 90% RH; secondly, the water barrier function was evaluated after the dehydration process (4% RH). The molecules penetration kinetics across SC were also studied for 2 h.ResultsUsing the present approach, glycerin and propylene glycol were found to be humectants; lanoline showed occlusive action, lactic acid has both humectant and barrier enhancer properties, and ethylhexyl palmitate and caprylic/capric acid triglyceride seemed to be emollients. These observations are in accordance with literature.ConclusionThe present method non‐invasively characterizes the mechanism of action of tested molecules. This may improve knowledge of new molecules' structure–activity relationship and help make an effective therapeutic concept dealing with the various skin dysfunctions.
Comments on Episodic Superposition of Memory States
Authors: Lambert‐Mogiliansky Ariane 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article develops a commentary to Charles Brainerd, Zheng Wang and Valerie F. Reyna's article entitled “Superposition of episodic memories: Overdistribution and quantum models” published in a special number of topiCS 2013 devoted to quantum modelling in cognitive sciences.
Pathogenic and molecular diversity in highly virulent populations of the parasitic weedOrobanche cumana(sunflower broomrape) fromEurope
Authors: Molinero‐Ruiz L , García‐Carneros A B , Collado‐Romero M , Raranciuc S , Domínguez J , Melero‐Vara J M 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe parasitic weedOrobanche cumana(sunflower broomrape) constrains sunflower production in eastern and southernEurope and in theMiddleEast. Although genetic resistance is the most effective control method, new parasite races evolve overcoming sunflower resistance. In this work, highly virulent populations ofO. cumanawere analysed for pathogenicity and genetic diversity. The virulence of 11 populations fromHungary,Romania,Spain andTurkey was assessed and compared after infection of sunflower inbred lines to differentiate races of the parasite under glasshouse conditions. Molecular diversity among and within 27 parasite populations was studied byRAPD‐PCR,UPGMAandamovaanalyses. Highly virulent raceFwas identified inHungary,Spain andTurkey. The most virulent race (G) was also found inTurkey. The molecular analysis among highly virulent populations ofO. cumana identified four molecular clusters, respectively, grouping populations fromCentralSpain,Hungary,SouthSpain andTurkey. The genetic homogeneity within parasite populations was confirmed, since no molecular divergences were found within them. This work constitutes the first geographical study ofO. cumanatogether with pathogenicity and molecular traits inherent to each geographical group, and provides useful information for possible phylogenetic analyses ofO. cumana. In addition, molecular markers associated with geographical origin could be developed and used as diagnostic tools to track new broomrape introductions into areas free of virulent races where they might represent a threat to sunflower production.
Impacts of mowing and bud destruction on Centaurea solstitialis growth, flowering, root dynamics and soil moisture
Authors: Spencer D F , Enloe S F , Pitcairn M J , Ditomaso J M 
Published: November 2013

SummaryCentaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) has invaded rangelands and natural areas in the western USA. There is evidence that mowing is a more effective method of reducing growth and seed production, compared with the well‐established and distributed bioagents. To test this hypothesis we measured C. solstitialis's growth and reproduction following two treatments (late spring and early summer bud/capitula destruction and shoot mowing) and measured C. solstitialis's growth and reproduction. We measured changes in soil moisture content to test the hypothesis that these manipulations differentially affect water usage by the invasive plant. Mowing produced shorter plants that weighed less. Bud damaged plants were not statistically different from untreated controls. The number of developed capitula was reduced 67% by mowing but was unaffected by bud damage. Mowed plants redistributed resources from root to flower production. Both treatments reduced mean capitulum diameter. This resulted in reductions of 76% and 21% in estimated seed number for mowed and bud damaged plants respectively. Root abundance decreased and root life‐span was reduced by both treatments. Soil moisture depletion was greatest from mid‐May to mid‐July (from 21% to 9%) and occurred after maximum root abundance. Mowing resulted in a delay in soil moisture depletion compared with the bud damaged plants or the untreated controls. Bud/capitula damage did not affect C. solstitialis's requirement for soil water. Overall, this study supported the hypothesis that mowing reduced C. solstitialis growth and reproduction more than bud damage alone. This information will aid managers in selecting a strategy for managing C. solstitialis in a particular habitat.
The Macrophage Galactose-Type Lectin Can Function as an Attachment and Entry Receptor for Influenza Virus
Authors: Ng Wy Ching , Liong Stella , Tate Michelle D. , Irimura Tatsuro , Denda-Nagai Kaori , Brooks Andrew G. , Londrigan Sarah L. , Reading Patrick C. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTSpecific protein receptors that mediate internalization and entry of influenza A virus (IAV) have not been identified for any cell type. Sialic acid (SIA), the primary attachment factor for IAV hemagglutinin, is expressed by numerous cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids, confounding efforts to identify specific receptors involved in virus infection. Lec1 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) epithelial cells express cell surface SIA and bind IAV yet are largely resistant to infection. Here, we demonstrate that expression of the murine macrophage galactose-type lectin 1 (MGL1) by Lec1 cells enhanced Ca2+-dependent IAV binding and restored permissivity to infection. Lec1 cells expressing MGL1 were infected in the presence or absence of cell surface SIA, indicating that MGL1 can act as a primary receptor or as a coreceptor with SIA. Lec1 cells expressing endocytosis-deficient MGL1 mediated Ca2+-dependent IAV binding but were less sensitive to IAV infection, indicating that direct internalization via MGL1 can result in cellular infection. Together, these studies identify MGL1 as a cell surface glycoprotein that can act as an authentic receptor for both attachment and infectious entry of IAV.
Evolutionary Conservation of Primate Lymphocryptovirus MicroRNA Targets
Authors: Skalsky Rebecca L. , Kang Dong , Linnstaedt Sarah D. , Cullen Bryan R. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and rhesus lymphocryptovirus (rLCV) are closely related gammaherpesviruses in the lymphocryptovirus subgroup that express viral microRNAs (miRNAs) during latent infection. In addition to many host mRNAs, EBV miRNAs are known to target latent viral transcripts, specifically those encoding LMP1, BHRF1, and EBNA2. The mRNA targets of rLCV miRNAs have not been investigated. Using luciferase reporter assays, photoactivatable cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP), and deep sequencing, we demonstrate that posttranscriptional regulation of LMP1 expression is a conserved function of lymphocryptovirus miRNAs. Furthermore, the mRNAs encoding the rLCV EBNA2 and BHRF1 homologs are regulated by miRNAs in rLCV-infected B cells. Homologous to sites in the EBV LMP1 and BHRF1 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs), we also identified evolutionarily conserved binding sites for the cellular miR-17/20/106 family in the LMP1 and BHRF1 3′UTRs of several primate LCVs. Finally, we investigated the functional consequences of LMP1 targeting by individual EBV BART miRNAs and show that select viral miRNAs play a role in the previously observed modulation of NF-κB activation.
Bacteriophage mv4 Site-Specific Recombination: the Central Role of the P2
mv4
Int-Binding Site
Authors: Coddeville Michèle , Spinella Jean-François , Cassart Pauline , Girault Guillaume , Daveran-Mingot Marie-Line , Le Bourgeois Pascal , Ritzenthaler Paul 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

The contributions of the five
mv4
Int- and two
mv4
Xis arm-binding sites to the spatial intasome organization of bacteriophage mv4 were found not to be equivalent. The 8-bp overlap region was mapped to the left extremity of the core region and is directly flanked by the P2 Int arm-binding site. These results and the absence of characteristic Int core-binding sites suggest that the P2 site is the determinant for integrase positioning and recognition of the core region.