bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic occupancy of Runx2 with global expression profiling identifies a novel dimension to control of osteoblastogenesis
Authors: Wu Hai , Whitfield Troy W , Gordon Jonathan A R , Dobson Jason R , Tai Phillip W L , van Wijnen Andre J , Stein Janet L , Stein Gary S , Lian Jane B 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background
Osteogenesis is a highly regulated developmental process and continues during the turnover and repair of mature bone. Runx2, the master regulator of osteoblastogenesis, directs a transcriptional program essential for bone formation through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. While individual Runx2 gene targets have been identified, further insights into the broad spectrum of Runx2 functions required for osteogenesis are needed.

Results
By performing genome-wide characterization of Runx2 binding at the three major stages of osteoblast differentiation - proliferation, matrix deposition and mineralization - we identify Runx2-dependent regulatory networks driving bone formation. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing over the course of these stages, we identify approximately 80,000 significantly enriched regions of Runx2 binding throughout the mouse genome. These binding events exhibit distinct patterns during osteogenesis, and are associated with proximal promoters and also non-promoter regions: upstream, introns, exons, transcription termination site regions, and intergenic regions. These peaks were partitioned into clusters that are associated with genes in complex biological processes that support bone formation. Using Affymetrix expression profiling of differentiating osteoblasts depleted of Runx2, we identify novel Runx2 targets including Ezh2, a critical epigenetic regulator; Crabp2, a retinoic acid signaling component; Adamts4 and Tnfrsf19, two remodelers of the extracellular matrix. We demonstrate by luciferase assays that these novel biological targets are regulated by Runx2 occupancy at non-promoter regions.

Conclusions
Our data establish that Runx2 interactions with chromatin across the genome reveal novel genes, pathways and transcriptional mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of osteoblastogenesis.
Enzymatic synthesis of epothilone A glycosides
Authors: Parajuli Prakash , Pandey Ramesh Prasad , Koirala Niranjan , Yoon Yeo Joon , Kim Byung-Gee , Sohng Jae Kyung 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Epothilones are extremely cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents with epoxide, thiazole, and ketone groups that share equipotent kinetic similarity with taxol. The in vitro glycosylation catalyzed by uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase (YjiC) from Bacillus licheniformis generated six novel epothilone A glycoside analouges including epothilone A 7-O-β-D-glucoside, epothilone A 7-O-β-D-galactoside, epothilone A 3,7-O-β-D-digalactoside, epothilone A 7-O-β-D-2-deoxyglucoside, epothilone A 7-O-β-L-rhamnoside, and epothilone A 7-O-β-L-fucoside. Epothilone A 7-O-β-D-glucoside was structurally elucidated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array (UPLC-PDA) conjugated with high resolution quantitative time-of-flight-electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HR-QTOF ESI-MS/MS) supported by one-and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance studies whereas other epothilone A glycosides were characterized by UPLC-PDA and HR-QTOF ESI-MS/MS analyses. The time dependent conversion study of epothilone A to epothilone A 7-O-β-D-glucoside found to be maximum (~26%) between 3 h to 5 h incubation.
Cryptosporidium parvum-induced ileo-caecal adenocarcinoma and WNT signaling in a rodent model
Authors: Benamrouz Sadia , Conseil Valerie , Chabe Magali , Praet Marleen , Audebert Christophe , Blervaque Renaud , Guyot Karine , Gazzola Sophie , Mouray Anthony , Chassat Thierry , Delaire Baptiste , Goetinck Nathalie , Gantois Nausicaa , Osman Marwan , Slomianny Christian , Dehennaut Vanessa , Lefebvre Tony , Viscogliosi Eric , Cuvelier Claude , Dei-Cas Eduardo , Creusy Colette , Certad Gabriela 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Cryptosporidium species are worldwide spread apicomplexan protozoan. These parasites constitute a significant risk to humans and animals. They cause self-limited diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts and a life threatening disease in immunocompromised hosts. Interestingly, Cryptosporidium parvum has been related to digestive carcinogenesis in humans. Consistently with a potential tumorigenic role of this parasite, in an original reproducible animal model of chronic cryptosporidiosis based on dexamethasone-treated or untreated adult SCID mice, we formerly reported that C. parvum (strains of animal and human origin) is able to induce digestive adenocarcinoma even in infections induced with very low inoculum. The aim of this study was to further characterize this animal model and to explore metabolic pathways potentially involved in the development of C. parvum-induced ileo-caecal oncogenesis. We searched for alterations in genes or proteins commonly involved in cell cycle, differentiation or cell migration, such as β-catenin, Apc, E-cadherin, Kras and p53. After infection of animals with C. parvum we demonstrated immunohistochemical abnormal localization of Wnt signaling pathway components and p53. Mutations in the selected loci of studied genes were not found after high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, alterations in the ultrastructure of adherens junctions of the ileo-caecal neoplastic epithelia of C. parvum infected mice were recorded using transmission electron microscopy. In conclusion, we found for the first time that the Wnt signaling pathway, and particularly the cytoskeleton network seems to be pivotal for the development of C. parvum-induced neoplastic process and cell migration of transformed cells. Furthermore, this model is a valuable tool to contribute to the comprehension of the host-pathogen interactions associated to the intricate infection process due to this parasite, which is able to modulate host cytoskeleton activities and several host-cell biological processes and that remains a significant cause of infection worldwide.
Electronic Textbook: Pros and Cons
Authors: Виноградова  , Vinogradova Natalya 
Published: March 2014

Discussion materials on an actual problem related to use of an electronic version of textbook for elementary school have been presented in this
publication. Various opinions of authoritative experts concerning informational security ensuring of junior school pupils, and functions which
electronic editions should carry out in educational process, and requirements imposed to them are expressed.
Implementation of Pharmacist-Managed Anticoagulation Clinic in a Saudi Arabian Health Center
Authors: Dib Jean G. , Mohammed Khurram , Momattin Hisham I. , Alshehri Ali M. 
Published: March 2014

Background During the past 2 decades, a paradigm shift in the management of oral anticoagulation therapy has occurred. A multidisciplinary approach has been used and has proved beneficial from both a cost and quality perspective. However, this approach to anticoagulation therapy is not well established in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East, and the traditional way of managing anticoagulation patients is still the mainstay of care. The Pharmacy Services Division (PSD) in collaboration with physician, nursing, and medical support enterprises at the Dhahran Health Center established the pharmacy-managed anticoagulation clinic (ACC). Objective To describe the implementation process of the first pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia and its impact on patient care. Methods The PSD in collaboration with medical staff successfully created a care delivery model utilizing clinical pharmacists’ expertise to provide comprehensive anticoagulation management services at Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization (SAMSO). Planning included analyzing existing practices, reviewing the relevant literature, obtaining physician input, formulating a business proposal, and developing clinical protocols and guidelines. Collaborative relationships were established with the center laboratory, scheduling services, and nursing and medical departments. Clinic services include patient assessment, anticoagulation monitoring, warfarin dosage adjustment, medication dispensing at the clinic, patient education, and feedback to referring physicians. Data (2 years before and after clinic inception) for all patients enrolled at the anticoagulation clinic were reviewed to evaluate the impact of the clinic on anticoagulation management, adverse events, and patient satisfaction. Results A total of 578 patients were enrolled in the ACC. The total percentage of international normalized ratio (INR) within the target range was 59% versus 48% when compared to the previous traditional practice. The number of INR tests per patient dropped by 19%. Minor and major adverse events occurred in 10% and 1.5% of patients, respectively. Overall, the patients were very satisfied with the new clinic compared to the previous practice. Conclusion Implementation of the pharmacist-managed ACC in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia had a positive impact on patient care based on the improvements in the number of patients whose INR was within therapeutic range and patient satisfaction scores.
Enhanced Appreciation of Life Following Acquired Brain Injury: Posttraumatic Growth at 6 Months Postdischarge
Authors: Silva Jennifer , Ownsworth Tamara , Shields Cassandra , Fleming Jennifer 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPreliminary research supports that acquired brain injury (ABI) can act as a catalyst for positive psychological changes, and that such posttraumatic growth (PTG) increases with time since injury. In this study, posttraumatic growth refers to positive psychological changes in domains including interpersonal relationships, new possibilities, personal strength, spirituality and appreciation for life. This study aimed to identify associations between levels of subjective impairment and depressive symptoms at discharge, and PTG at 6-months postdischarge following ABI. Sixty participants (73% male) with ABI (Mean days of hospitalisation = 32.92, SD = 40.74) were consecutively recruited from an inpatient rehabilitation unit at discharge and were administered measures of subjective impairment (Mayo-Portland Adaptability Index–4; MPAI-4) and depression (Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales; DASS). Participants were followed up at 6-months postdischarge and administered the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, DASS and MPAI-4. The results indicated that levels of PTG reported at six months postdischarge were relatively modest and ranged between no to very small degree of change (‘spirituality’) and a small to moderate degree of change (‘a greater appreciation of life’). Level of subjective impairment at discharge significantly predicted overall level of PTG at 6-months follow-up (β =.40, p < .05, sr2 = .28). Further, at 6-months postdischarge, individuals with a greater appreciation for life reported significantly higher levels of subjective impairment (r = .35; p < .01) and depressive symptoms (r = .34, p < .01) at that time point. These findings indicate that individuals who perceive greater functional consequences of their ABI are more likely to experience PTG. Further, the process of reevaluating priorities and values in life after ABI may be associated with emotional distress during the early stages of community reintegration.
A Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Cytisine for Smoking Cessation in Medium-Dependent Workers
Authors: Vinnikov Denis , Brimkulov Nurlan , Burjubaeva Aichurek 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAmong many studies on cytisine only a few have been controlled trials, and the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of cytisine in a randomized controlled double-blind trial compared to placebo in medium-dependent smoking men working in mining industry. Materials and methods: 171 middle-aged smokers were randomised to either cytisine (25-days regimen) or placebo; both groups received individual counseling with brochure. Self-reported continuous abstinence was assessed at 8 and 26 weeks. Results: At the end of week 8 there were no differences in number of abstinent subjects, but at 26 weeks 10.6% of subjects were abstinent in cytisine group compared to 1.2% in placebo (p = .01). In both groups, we did not find any weight increase, but quality of life improved in both groups, and physical and social functioning improved in cytisine group. Conclusions: Cytisine may be an effective medication to help smokers quit even for those working in difficult working conditions with high relapse rate.
Reviews
Authors: Mcluhan Eric , Drucker Susan , Grabowski Michael 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Farrell, Thomas. Walter Ong’s Contributions to Cultural Studies: The Phenomenology of the World and I-Thou Communication. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton, 2000. 309 pp. Cloth $75.00, ISBN 1-57273-249-0. Paper $27.50, ISBN 1-57273-250-5.
Rosen, Jonathan. The Talmud and the Internet: A Journey Between Worlds. New York: Farrar Straus & Giroux, 2001. 132 pp. Cloth $16.00, ISBN 0-374-27238-7. Paper $10.00, ISBN 0-312-42017-X.
Rushkoff, Douglas, correspondent. Frontline: The Merchants of Cool. Dir. Barak Goodman. Prod. Barak Goodman and Rachel Dretzin. Written by Rachel Dretzin. Videocassette. PBS Home Video, 2001. 56 min.
Properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) reinforced with extracted and delignified wood flour
Authors: Chen Yao , Stark Nicole M. , Tshabalala Mandla A. , Gao Jianmin , Fan Yongming 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The water sorption and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) made of extracted and delignified wood flour (WF) has been investigated. WF was prepared by extraction with the solvent systems toluene/ethanol (TE), acetone/water (AW), and hot water (HW), and its delignification was conducted by means of sodium chlorite/acetic acid (AA) solution. A 24 full-factorial experimental design was employed to determine the effects of treatments and treatment combinations. WPCs were prepared with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and treated WF was prepared by means of extrusion followed by injection molding, and the water absorption characteristics and mechanical properties of the products were evaluated. WPCs produced with extracted WF had lower water absorption rates and better mechanical properties than those made of untreated WF. WPCs containing delignified WF had higher water absorption rates and improved mechanical performance compared with those made of untreated WF.
Identification of key residues in the formate channel FocA that control import and export of formate
Authors: Hunger Doreen , Doberenz Claudia , Sawers R. Gary 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The formate-nitrite transporter (FNT) family comprises pentameric channels that transport monovalent anions. The prototype of this family is the formate channel (FocA), which was originally identified as a formate channel in Escherichia coli. Each protomer in the channel has a pore with structural features that include periplasmic and cytoplasmic constriction sites, which are likely important for bi-directional gating of substrate passage. Highly conserved amino acid residues within FocA previously identified in structural studies are predicted to be important in the control of formate translocation. Here we present a first detailed in vivo analysis of these residues using a combined targeted amino acid exchange and formate-responsive lacZ fusion-based reporter approach. Sixteen exchanges were made and each variant was shown to be largely unaffected in its secondary and quaternary structure. The invariant H209 and T91 residues, which form part of the lower constriction site linking the Ω-loop with the pore cavity, proved to be important in governing the directionality of formate passage through the pore. A predicted salt-bridge triad of E208-K156-N213 along with the cytoplasmically-oriented N-terminal helix are also involved in pH-dependent gating of the channel. Together, our data are consistent with passive export and import of formate or formic acid through the channel.
Analysis and Prediction of End Milling Characteristics of Al-SiC
p
Metal Matrix Composite Using RSM and ANN
Authors: Jayakumar K. , Mathew Jose , Joseph M. A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The study focused on analysis and prediction of cutting force and surface roughness during end milling of aluminium based Metal Matrix Composite using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The chosen material, Al-SiC composites were synthesized through Powder Metallurgy route, by mixing A356 Aluminium alloy powder of 25–50 μm average size with 10 volume % SiC particles of three different sizes (1, 12.5 and 25 μm). The mixed powders were compacted using Vacuum Hot Press to achieve near theoretical densities. The influence of SiC particle size on the composites in terms of density and microstructure were investigated. The effect of cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and SiC particle size on cutting force and surface roughness were also investigated. The results revealed that the cutting force and surface finish were decreased with increasing cutting speed. On the other hand, increase in feed, depth of cut and size of SiC particle decreased both the responses. The 4-10-2 multi layer feed forward neural network model predicts both responses with high accuracy in terms of higher correlation coefficient and lower mean square error compared to the regression model.
Investigation of Continuous Casting Slag Films Sampled on Site and Comparison with Laboratory Results
Authors: Marschall Irmtraud , Kölbl Nathalie , Harmuth Harald , Xia Guangmin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSlag film samples together with their associated mold fluxes were collected after service during tail out at the voestalpine Stahl GmbH continuous casting machine. The slag films were obtained after casting steel grades different in Al or Ti content and mineralogically investigated. Three distinctive layers could be determined within the slag films. A so called glassy layer, a crystalline layer and a layer, which has been liquid during casting and solidified afterwars, could be observed. Cuspidine (Ca4Si2O7F2) is the prevailing crystal phase in the crystalline layer. Casting alloyed steel grades the structure of the crystalline layer will be modified. With increasing Al2O3 content of the slag, due to interactions with the steel, nepheline ((Na,K)AlSiO4) was formed besides cuspidine. Here the distinctive needle like shaped cuspidine is remarkable. With casting steel grades with even more elevated Al content, the slag composition shows a strong decrease of silica and an increase of alumina. Therefore no longer cuspidine but fluorite (CaF2) and a so far unknown phase rich in alumina are the main crystal phases. When casting steel grades with increased Ti content, perovskite (CaTiO3) will be formed additionally to cuspidine in the crystalline layer.In addition quench tests of the original mold powders as well as DTA and viscosity measurements of the original mold powder and the slag films were performed. The methods revealed the impact of the Al2O3 and TiO2 pick-up on the crystallization temperature, the phase composition and the viscosity.
Interaction between Molten Steel, Alumina Lining Refractory and Slag Phase
Authors: Wang Jiling , Zhang Lifeng , Yang Shufeng , Chen Yongfeng , Li Jingyu , Wachsman Alexander 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLaboratory experiments exploring the interaction between molten steel, slag and lining refractory were performed. The transient erosion and reaction over time were investigated, and the transient change of the reaction layer and inclusions generated in the molten steel were evaluated using optical microscopy and SEM-EDS. Without slag addition before remelting, the FeO from reoxidation entered the space between the lining refractory and the steel and strengthened the erosion of the lining refractory. Several layers were found from the steel to the original lining refractory layer: steel phase, FeO layer, a FeO-rich lining layer and an Original Lining (OL)-rich lining layer. The thickness of the reaction layer increased nearly linearly with the reaction time at an erosion rate of 4.2 µm/min. With slag addition before remelting, the reaction layer between the steel and the original lining materials included several sub-layers: a gap, a slag layer, an FeO-rich lining layer and an Original Lining (OL)-rich lining layer. The thickness of the reaction layer nearly linearly increased with the reaction time and with an erosion rate of 5.7 µm/min. Slags were entrained into the steel occasionally.
An Evaluation of Thermochemical Property Models for CaO-MnO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO Slag
Authors: Muller J. , Steenkamp J.D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe modeling of thermochemical properties is important in studying the physical behavior of slag in the operation of pyrometallurgical smelters. To study the flow of slag through a submerged-arc furnace (SAF) tap-hole, knowledge of thermochemical properties such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, density and heat capacity are required. In literature various models exist for silicate slags that enable thermochemical properties to be predicted as functions of chemical composition and temperature. This paper reports on the application of models in the CaO-MnO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO slag system to be used in future CFD modeling of slag tapped from SAFs producing high-carbon ferromanganese (HCFeMn) or silicomanganese (SiMn). FactSage 6.2 is used to estimate the phase composition of slags with varying chemical composition and temperature. The dependence of thermochemical property models on chemical composition and temperature is illustrated in the form of ternary diagrams showing the predicted property values as a function of basicity (chemical composition) and temperature. Slag compositions typical of HCFeMn and SiMn processes are used. Each thermochemical property is calculated at 1400, 1500 and 1600 °C at a fixed weight percentage ratio Al2O3/SiO2 of 0.57 and 6% MgO. Ternary phase diagrams (1400, 1500 and 1600 °C) and a ternary liquidus temperature diagram are also presented for the system. Since viscosity has the most significant influence on flow behavior, results from various viscosity models have been compared with measured data. Predictions for thermal conductivity, density, and heat capacity are also discussed.
Optimization of Correlated Quality Characteristics in WEDM Process using Taguchi Approach Coupled with Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Padhi P.C. , Mahapatra S.S. , Yadav S.N. , Tripathy D.K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the present work, an attempt has been made to solve the correlated multi-response optimization problem of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) of EN-31 steel. The experimental investigation have been carried out to evaluate the best process environment which could simultaneously satisfy multiple quality characteristics such as material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra) and dimensional deviation (DD). In view of the fact that traditional Taguchi method cannot solve a multi response optimization problem, weighted principal component analysis (WPCA) has been coupled with Taguchi method to overcome this limitation. The multiple responses are converted into a single response using principal component analysis so that influence of correlation among the responses can be eliminated. Values of individual principal components multiplied by their priority weight were added to calculate the composite principal component defined as multi-response performance index (MPI). MPI is used as response for optimization using Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array. From analysis of variance, pulse on time was found to be the most significant parameter. Finally, the optimal result obtained was verified through confirmatory test.