bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Afro-American Hepatics Revisited
Authors: Gradstein S. Robbert 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn 1983, Gradstein, Pócs and Váňa discussed the disjunct Afro-American ranges of 41 liverwort species and 8 genera. Since the appearance of this paper much progress has been made in the study of tropical liverworts and knowledge of the neotropical and African floras has improved considerably. The new investigations have raised the number of Afro-American hepatics to 74 species, 13 genera and one family (Oxymitraceae). Afro-American species constitute about 5% of the neotropical liverwort flora and 8% of the flora of Africa. The percentages of species shared by the two continents are doubled when pantropical species are added. Five Afro-American species are newly recognized in this paper: Calypogeia peruviana Nees & Mont. (= C. afrocaerulea E. W. Jones, syn. nov.), Ceratolejeunea coarina (Gottsche) Steph. (= C. diversicornua Steph., syn. nov.), C. ornithocephala Herzog (= C. kilimanjarica Pócs & Ast, syn. nov.), Odontoschisma variabile (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Trevis. (= O. africanum Steph., syn. nov.) and Syzygiella manca (Mont.) Steph. [= S. geminifolia (Mitt.) Steph., syn. nov.]. Spore dispersal experiments and molecular-phylogenetic studies have shown that the intercontinental ranges of liverwort species, and of the majority of genera, should have resulted from long-distance dispersal events, not from vicariance.
Bryophyte Flora of Hunan Province, China. 16. Complex Thalloids (Marchantiopsida, Hepaticae)
Authors: Piippo Sinikka , Koponen Timo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe occurrence of 13 species belonging to eight complex thalloid genera and six families are reported for Hunan. Conocephalum japonicum (Thunb.) Grolle, C. salebrosum Szweykowski et al. and Dumortiera hirsuta (Sw.) Nees are moderately common in Hunan, Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort., Marchantia palaecea Bertol. and M. emarginata Reinw. et al. subsp. tosana (Steph.) Bischler are rather rare, M. polymorpha L., Plagiochasma pterospermum Mass., Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi, and Wiesnerella denutata (Mitt.) Steph. are rare and Asterella khasyana (Griff.) Pandé et al., Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. & Lindenb. and Riccia fluitans L. are very rare. Of them the following are new to Hunan: Genus Plagiochasma with two species, P. appendiculatum, P. pterospermum, Riccia fluitans, Marchantia paleacea and Conocephalum salebrosum. The altitudinal ranges of taxa in Hunan are mapped. The distribution, ecology and the classification of taxa into distributional elements, as well as the characters are discussed. Some thalloid hepatic genera, i.e. Conocephalum and Dumortiera include cryptic taxa that pose unsolved taxonomic problems that await further future research.
The Guaraní Land – Checklist of Hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) and Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) of Paraguay
Authors: Söderström Lars , Hagborg Anders , Konrat Matt von , Séneca Ana 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe first ever liverwort and hornwort checklist is provided for Paraguay. Despite the high level of biological diversity in Paraguay, there remain very few intensive collecting efforts for liverworts and hornworts in the region since the late 1800’s. We report 2 hornwort taxa and 71 liverwort taxa. The list is based on almost 100 literature references, including monographs, regional studies, and molecular investigations. Given the dramatic loss of habitats in Paraguay coupled with high species diversity in other organisms, further collecting of liverworts and hornworts is critical. There is also the potential to use historical records with contemporary collections to investigate the impact of habitat loss in the area.
Contribution to the Bryophyte Flora of Bjelasica Mts (Montenegro)
Authors: Papp Beáta , Erzberger Peter , Dragićević Snežana 
Published: July 2013

Abstract During field trips made in 2007 and 2008 to the Bjelasica Mts, 318 bryophyte taxa (84 liverworts and 234 mosses) were collected. Twenty three taxa are reported here for the first time for Montenegro. Eight of the species recorded are redlisted in Europe.
Four New Species of Adeneleuterophora (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) from Colombia
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Kolanowska Marta 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFour new species of the orchid genus Adeneleuterophora Barb. Rodr. are described and illustrated, based on Colombian material: A. orozcoi Szlach. & Kolan., A. magnipetala Szlach. & Kolan., A. luteyni Szlach. & Kolan. and A. Szlach. & Kolan. emberana. Their taxonomic affinities are briefly discussed. All new entities are placed within a key to identification of the Colombian species of Adeneleuterophora.
Four New Species of the Genus Pterichis (Orchidaceae) from Colombia
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Szlachetko Dariusz L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract Four new species of the orchid genus Pterichis Lindl. are described and illustrated based on the Colombian material: P. andreii Kolan. & Szlach., P. lehmanniana Kolan. & Szlach., P. sagittata Kolan. & Szlach. and P. Triangularilabia Kolan. & Szlach. Their taxonomic affinities are briefly discussed. All new entities are placed within a key to identification of the Colombian species of Pterichis.
T Lymphocytes Sense Antigens within Seconds and Make a Decision within One Minute
Authors: Brodovitch Alexandre , Bongrand Pierre , Pierres Anne 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Adaptive immune responses are triggered by the rapid and sensitive detection of MHC-bound peptides by TCRs. The kinetics of early TCR/APC contacts are incompletely known. In this study, we used total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to image human T cell membranes near model surfaces: contact was mediated by mobile protrusions of &lt;0.4 μm diameter. The mean lifetime of contacts with a neutral surface was 8.6 s. Adhesive interactions increased mean contact time to 27.6 s. Additional presence of TCR ligands dramatically decreased contact to 13.7 s, thus evidencing TCR-mediated triggering of a pulling motion within seconds after ligand encounter. After an interaction typically involving 30–40 contacts formed during a 1-min observation period, TCR stimulation triggered a rapid and active cell spreading. Pulling events and cell spreading were mimicked by pharmacological phospholipase Cγ1 activation, and they were prevented by phospholipase Cγ1 inhibition. These results provide a quantitative basis for elucidating the earliest cell response to the detection of foreign Ags.
Bacterial CD1d–Restricted Glycolipids Induce IL-10 Production by Human Regulatory T Cells upon Cross-Talk with Invariant NKT Cells
Authors: Venken Koen , Decruy Tine , Aspeslagh Sandrine , Van Calenbergh Serge , Lambrecht Bart N. , Elewaut Dirk 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells and CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important immune regulatory T cells with Ag reactivity to glycolipids and peptides, respectively. However, the functional interplay between these cells in humans is poorly understood. We show that Tregs suppress iNKT cell proliferation induced by CD1d-restricted glycolipids, including bacterial-derived diacylglycerols, as well as by innate-like activation. Inhibition was related to the potency of iNKT agonists, making diacylglycerol iNKT responses very prone to suppression. Cytokine production by iNKT cells was differentially modulated by Tregs because IL-4 production was reduced more profoundly compared with IFN-γ. A compelling observation was the significant production of IL-10 by Tregs after cell contact with iNKT cells, in particular in the presence of bacterial diacylglycerols. These iNKT-primed Tregs showed increased FOXP3 expression and superior suppressive function. Suppression of iNKT cell responses, but not conventional T cell responses, was IL-10 dependent, suggesting that there is a clear difference in mechanism between the Treg-mediated inhibition of these cell types. Our data highlight a physiologically relevant interaction between human iNKT and Tregs upon pathogen-derived glycolipid recognition that has a significant impact on the design of iNKT cell–based therapeutics.
Synergistic Chemoimmunotherapy of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Using ErbB-Retargeted T Cells Combined with Carboplatin
Authors: Parente-Pereira Ana C. , Whilding Lynsey M. , Brewig Nancy , van der Stegen Sjoukje J. C. , Davies David M. , Wilkie Scott , van Schalkwyk May C. I. , Ghaem-Maghami Sadaf , Maher John 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, underscoring the need for better therapies. Adoptive immunotherapy using genetically targeted T cells represents a promising new treatment for hematologic malignancies. However, solid tumors impose additional obstacles, including the lack of suitable targets for safe systemic therapy and the need to achieve effective T cell homing to sites of disease. Because EOC undergoes transcœlomic metastasis, both of these challenges may be circumvented by T cell administration to the peritoneal cavity. In this study, we describe such an immunotherapeutic approach for EOC, in which human T cells were targeted against the extended ErbB family, using a chimeric Ag receptor named T1E28z. T1E28z was coexpressed with a chimeric cytokine receptor named 4αβ (combination termed T4), enabling the selective ex vivo expansion of engineered T cells using IL-4. Unlike control T cells, T4+ T cells from healthy donors and patients with EOC were activated by and destroyed ErbB+ EOC tumor cell lines and autologous tumor cultures. In vivo antitumor activity was demonstrated in mice bearing established luciferase-expressing SKOV-3 EOC xenografts. Tumor regression was accompanied by mild toxicity, manifested by weight loss. Although efficacy was transient, therapeutic response could be prolonged by repeated T cell administration. Furthermore, prior treatment with noncytotoxic doses of carboplatin sensitized SKOV-3 tumors to T4 immunotherapy, promoting enhanced disease regression using lower doses of T4+ T cells. By combining these approaches, we demonstrate that repeated administration of carboplatin followed by T4+ T cells achieved optimum therapeutic benefit in the absence of significant toxicity, even in mice with advanced tumor burdens.
Editorial to the Special Issue
Authors: Fontana Giuseppe , Hayes Mark (M.G.) , Perraton Jonathan 
Published: July 2013

First paragraph
The contributions in this special issue on inflation targeting were presented at the Spring Seminar of the Post Keynesian Economics Study Group (PKSG) held at Balliol College, Oxford (UK) in April 2008. PKSG was founded in 1988 by Philip Arestis and Victoria Chick. The purpose of the Study Group (now formally a professional association) is to encourage collaboration among scholars and students of Post Keynesian economics, defined broadly as economics centred on the principle of effective demand. A detailed account of the history of PKSG can be found in Hayes (2008).
Editorial to the Special Issue
Authors: Asensio Angel , Lang Dany 
Published: July 2013

First paragraph
The last few years have been characterized by a significant renewal and development of post-Keynesian modelling (PKM hereafter). For obvious reasons, this growing interest has been reinforced since the 2007 crisis, a tragic event that has confirmed the relevance of PKM. The papers gathered in this issue are amongst the most stimulating ones that were presented at a conference dedicated to this issue, organised by the Center of Economics of Paris North (CEPN), University of Paris 13, on November 20–21, 2009.
Editorial to the Special Issue
Authors: Niechoj Torsten , Onaran Özlem , Reiner Sabine 
Published: July 2013

First paragraph
In 2012, public debt is still at the centre of attention and economic policies – globally, but especially in Europe. For most of the mainstream commentators the main source of public debt can be traced back to loose public spending behaviour and a lack of fiscal discipline. However, story and facts do not coincide perfectly, to say the least (see also the contributions by Ederer in the forum section of this issue and Niechoj and van Treeck 2011 in the last issue of this journal). To give only one example taken from the European case: In Spain the level of public debt is still below the German level although Germany is the main proponent and an example of presumably sound fiscal policy and a successful recovery after the financial market crisis from the point of view of both the public and mainstream academia. Additionally, the debt-to-GDP ratio of Spain had been falling until 2007, down to only 36 per cent, which is quite low in international comparison and far below the debt criterion of the European Stability and Growth Pact.
Editorial to the Special Issue
Authors: Ederer Stefan , Hein Eckhard , Niechoj Torsten 
Published: July 2013

First paragraph
The financial and economic crises which started in 2007 have triggered and motivated increasing research on finance and the instability of the financial system but also on the relationship between finance, distribution and growth. This special issue discusses various, but related theoretical and empirical aspects of finance, instability, distribution and investment.
Hirschsprung Disease and Use of Calretinin in Inadequate Rectal Suction Biopsies
Authors: Gonzalo David Hernandez , Plesec Thomas 
Published: July 2013

Context.—Up to 17% of all rectal suction biopsies performed in the evaluation of Hirschsprung disease are considered inadequate. In most instances, inadequate biopsies contain too little submucosa or are taken within the anal transition zone.Objectives.—To examine the utility of calretinin stain in the workup of inadequate biopsies for patients with clinical suspicion of Hirschsprung disease.Design.—A retrospective analysis was conducted of all rectal suction biopsies performed in the evaluation of Hirschsprung disease during the previous 12 years that were considered “inadequate.” Seventeen cases were identified, and Hirschsprung disease status was determined by clinical or surgical follow-up. Immunohistochemistry for calretinin was performed for all cases containing columnar mucosa, which were evaluated without knowledge of clinical course.Results.—All 12 patients without Hirschsprung disease had calretinin-positive nerve fibers in the lamina propria or muscularis mucosae, and all 5 patients with Hirschsprung disease had no calretinin staining of nerves.Conclusions.—In this retrospective series, calretinin immunohistochemistry correctly predicted outcome in all instances. Although the gold standard for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease in rectal suction biopsies remains the evaluation of ganglion cells in a hematoxylin-eosin staining with sufficient submucosa, calretinin immunohistochemistry is quite helpful in triaging further workup based on clinical suspicion.
D-dimer: Simple Test, Tough Problems
Authors: Olson John D. , Cunningham Mark T. , Higgins Russell A. , Eby Charles S. , Brandt John T. 
Published: July 2013

Context.—D-dimer is widely used for exclusion, or as an aid in diagnosis, of venous thromboembolism (VTE); however, the D-dimer assay methods available from manufacturers and the laboratory application of those methods vary widely.
Objectives.—To describe the current laboratory practice regarding the assay and reporting of D-dimer.
Design.—Laboratories' D-dimer proficiency testing data were analyzed and laboratory practices regarding the performance and reporting of D-dimer were surveyed.
Results.—Initial grading of D-dimer proficiency testing demonstrated high variability within and among methods. This variability continued to be present for several years after attempts to intervene. The number of laboratories using D-dimer to exclude VTE grew from 1500 in 2004 to more than 3500 in 2012. Survey and proficiency testing data demonstrated that 33% of laboratories changed the type or magnitude of units from that recommended by the manufacturer, a practice associated with as much as a 20-fold increase in the failure of proficiency testing. Many laboratories used a threshold for the exclusion of VTE that is higher than that recommended by the manufacturer. Many laboratories continue to use qualitative assays with insufficient sensitivity for exclusion of VTE.
Conclusions.—There is considerable variability both within and among quantitative methods used to assay D-dimer by laboratories. Laboratory practice continues to vary widely regarding the type and magnitude of units reported and the setting of the threshold for the exclusion of VTE. Although improved, the variability continues despite initial efforts to intervene.
Application of the anatomical method to estimate the maximum adult stature and the age‐at‐death stature
Authors: Niskanen Markku , Maijanen Heli , McCarthy Donna , Junno Juho‐Antti 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the age adjustment of statures estimated with the anatomical method. The research material includes 127 individuals from the Terry Collection. The cadaveric stature (CSTA)–skeletal height (SKH) ratios indicate that stature loss with age commences before SKH reduction. Testing three equations to estimate CSTA at the age at death and CSTA corrected to maximum stature from SKH indicates that the age correction of stature should reflect the pattern of age‐related stature loss to minimize estimation error. An equation that includes a continuous and linear age correction through the entire adult age range [Eq. (1)] results in curvilinear stature estimation error. This curvilinear stature estimation error can be largely avoided by applying a second linear equation [Eq. (2)] to only individuals older than 40 years. Our third equation [Eq. (3)], based on younger individuals who have not lost stature, can be used to estimate maximum stature. This equation can also be applied to individuals of unknown or highly uncertain age, because it provides reasonably accurate estimates until about 60/70 years at least for males. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:96–106, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution of peroxide species during the photooxidation of poly(vinyl butyral)
Authors: Butler Chase H. , Whitmore Paul M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTPhotooxidizing films of poly(vinyl butyral) were investigated for the generation of solid‐state and volatile peroxide species, acids, and changes in mass in order to gain insight into the factors that influence the levels of these peroxides during oxidation. Both the concentration of solid‐state peroxides and the emission rate of volatile peroxides increased and subsequently declined, while acidic groups in the polymer accumulated without decreasing. After an initial increase, the mass of the films fell as volatile degradation products were released. It is suggested that the decline in the peroxide species, both in the polymer and volatiles, may be due to their reactions with other products of the polymer's oxidation, including aldehydes and acids. These results indicate that reactions besides the often‐invoked homolytic cleavage of hydroperoxides may remove these species from the poly(vinyl butyral) and similar materials during advanced stages of photooxidation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39753.
High‐performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of naphthol‐substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines on polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases
Authors: Ilisz István , Gecse Zsanett , Szatmári István , Fülöp Ferenc , Péter Antal 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe stereoisomers of 15 naphthol‐substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline analogs were separated on chiral stationary phases containing the chiral selectors cellulose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate) (Cellulose 1), cellulose tris‐(3‐chloro‐4‐methylphenyl carbamate) (Cellulose 2), cellulose tris‐(4‐methylbenzoate) (Cellulose 3) and cellulose tris‐(4‐chloro‐3‐methylphenyl carbamate) (Cellulose 4). Experiments were performed in normal‐phase mode with n‐heptane(n‐hexane)–alcohol–diethylamine mobile phases in the temperature range 5–40 °C. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated from plots of lnk or lnα vs 1/T. On the Cellulose 1 column, Δ(ΔH°) ranged from −6.8 to 5.9 kJ/mol, Δ(ΔS°) from −16.7 to 21.0 J/mol/K and the Gibbs energy, −Δ(ΔG°) from 0.2 to 1.5 kJ/mol; on the Cellulose 2 column, Δ(ΔH°) ranged from −7.8 to 2.5 kJ/mol, Δ(ΔS°) from −16.1 to 13.2 J/mol/K and − Δ(ΔG°) from 0.7 to 3.0 kJ/mol. Both enthalpy‐ and entropy‐controlled enantioseparations were observed. The latter was advantageous with regard to the shorter retention and greater selectivity at high temperature. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Systematic Investigation of Coinage Metal Carbonyl Complexes Stabilized by Fluorinated Alkoxy Aluminates
Authors: Schaefer Julia , Kraft Anne , Reininger Stefanie , Santiso‐Quinones Gustavo , Himmel Daniel , Trapp Nils , Gellrich Urs , Breit Bernhard , Krossing Ingo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe reaction of CuI, AgI, and AuI salts with carbon monoxide in the presence of weakly coordinating anions led to known and structurally unknown non‐classical coinage metal carbonyl complexes [M(CO)n][A] (A=fluorinated alkoxy aluminates). The coinage metal carbonyl complexes [Cu(CO)n(CH2Cl2)m]+[A]− (n=1, 3; m=4−n), [Au2(CO)2Cl]+[A]−, [(OC)nM(A)] (M=Cu: n=2; Ag: n=1, 2) as well as [(OC)3Cu⋅⋅⋅ClAl(ORF)3] and [(OC)Au⋅⋅⋅ClAl(ORF)3] were analyzed with X‐ray diffraction and partially IR and Raman spectroscopy. In addition to these structures, crystallographic and spectroscopic evidence for the existence of the tetracarbonyl complex [Cu(CO)4]+[Al(ORF)4]− (RF=C(CF3)3) is presented; its formation was analyzed with the help of theoretical investigations and Born–Fajans–Haber cycles. We discuss the limits of structure determinations by routine X‐ray diffraction methods with respect to the CO bond lengths and apply the experimental CO stretching frequencies for the prediction of bond lengths within the carbonyl ligand based on a correlation with calculated data. Moreover, we provide a simple explanation for the reported, partly confusing and scattered CO stretching frequencies of [CuI(CO)n] units.
Ionic Liquids as Unique Solvents in One‐Pot Synthesis of 4‐(N,2,2,2‐Tetranitroethylamino)‐3‐R‐Furazans
Authors: Sheremetev Aleksei B. , Aleksandrova Nataly S. , Palysaeva Nadezhda V. , Struchkova Marina I. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn efficient two‐step one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of N‐nitrated trinitroethylamino furazans in an ionic liquid has been developed involving the condensation of aminofurazans with trinitroethanol and the N‐nitration of an intermediate Mannich base. Trinitroethylnitramino derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. A role of the N,2,2,2‐tetranitroethylamino group for stabilization of the high‐density crystal‐packing motif is described. The performance calculations gave detonation pressures and velocities for the furazan derivatives in a range of about 31–36 GPa and 8330–8745 ms−1, respectively, which makes them competitive energetic materials. Furthermore, due to the positive oxygen balance, the compounds could be potential oxidizers for energetic formulations.
Specification and Layout of Equipment for a Combination of Mechanical and Thermal Processes for Solid Materials
Authors: Schramm Rüdiger 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIm Prozessraum einer Ausrüstung vollzieht sich die Stoffwandlung durch einen Makroprozess. Sie kann durch eine Kombination von Prozessen der mechanischen und der thermischen Verfahrenstechnik erfolgen. Anhand der Einteilung der Makroprozesse in die Prozesshauptgruppen Zerteilen, Trennen, Agglomerieren und Mischen werden für jeweils ein markantes Beispiel jeder Prozesshauptgruppe die Zusammenhänge zwischen mechanischen und thermischen Prozessen für Feststoffe untersucht. Allgemeine Schlussfolgerungen zu den Zusammenhängen bei der Konzeption und Auslegung von Ausrüstungen werden gezogen. Die Darstellung der Bindeglieder der Makroprozesse der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik zu den thermischen Prozessen in der Forschung und Lehre wäre, wie in der Praxis schon üblich, zu begrüßen.