bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on fresh and hardened state properties of eco-friendly foamed concrete incorporating waste soda-lime glass
Authors: Mydin Md Azree Othuman , Jagadesh P. , Bahrami Alireza , Majeed Samadar S. , Dulaimi Anmar , Omar Roshartini 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImproper waste management is causing global environmental problems. Waste glass may have adverse impacts on the ecosystem. While a substantial amount of soda-lime glass bottle (SGB) undergoes recycling to create new glass items, a significant volume still ends up in landfills. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the potential use of SGB in foamed concrete (FC) production as an aggregate replacement. SGB was substituted for sand in different weight fractions, ranging from 5 to 50%. The fresh state, mechanical, thermal, pore structure, and transport properties were examined. The findings showed a significant enhancement in the FC’s mechanical properties when SGB replaced 20% of sand. The compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths exhibited a rise of up to 17.7, 39.4, and 43.8%, respectively. The findings also demonstrated that the addition of SGB improved the thermal conductivity, sorptivity, water absorption, and porosity. The scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the inclusion of 20% SGB caused a substantial decrease in void diameter and enhanced its uniformity. A comparison was made between the experimental data and predictions of the mechanical properties using various models of international standards, such as IS 456, ACI 318, NZS-3101, EC-02, AS 3600, and CEB-FIB, along with several references in the literature. The findings implied a strong correlation between the strength properties. The outcomes of this research offer valuable insights into both the possible advantages and constraints of using SGB in FC. Furthermore, this extensive laboratory investigation may serve as a guideline for future study and aid in the advancement of greener and more environmentally friendly FC alternatives.
An explorative analysis on the optimal cryo-passes and freezing time of the ultrathin cryoprobe in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy
Authors: Kho Sze Shyang , Tan Shirin Hui , Soo Chun Ian , Ramarmuty Hema Yamini Devi , Chai Chan Sin , Huan Nai Chien , Ng Khai Lip , Matsumoto Yuji , Poletti Venerino , Tie Siew Teck 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEBUS-guided transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy (TBMC) has emerged as a promising biopsy tool for diagnosing hilar and mediastinal pathologies. However, several fundamental technical aspects of TBMC remain unexplored. This study aims to determine the optimal number of cryo-passes and freezing time of the ultrathin cryoprobe in EBUS-TBMC concerning specimen size and procedural diagnostic yield. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with mediastinal and hilar lesions who underwent EBUS-TBMC between January 2021 and April 2023 across three hospitals in Malaysia. A total of 129 EBUS-TBMC procedures were successfully completed, achieving an overall diagnostic yield of 88.4%. Conclusive TBMC procedures were associated with larger specimen sizes (7.0 vs. 5.0 mm, p < 0.01). Specimen size demonstrated a positive correlation with diagnostic yield (p < 0.01), plateauing at specimen size of 4.1–6.0 mm. A significant positive correlation was also observed between the number of cryo-passes and both specimen size (p < 0.01) and diagnostic yield (p < 0.05). Diagnostic yield plateaued after 2–3 cryo-passes. In contrast, longer freezing times trended towards smaller specimens and lower diagnostic yield, though not reaching statistical significance. The highest diagnostic yield was recorded at the 3.1–4.0 s freezing time. The safety profile of TBMC remains favourable, with one case (0.8%) of pneumothorax and nine cases (7%) of self-limiting bleeding. In our cohort, TBMC performance with 2–3 cryo-passes and a 3.1–4.0 s freezing time to achieve a total aggregate specimen size of 4.1–6.0 mm appeared optimal. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
Nephron specific ATP6AP2 knockout increases urinary excretion of fatty acids and decreases renal cortical megalin expression
Authors: Culver Silas A. , Hargett Stefan R. , Balugo Jamie L. L. Q. , Gildea John J. , Harris Thurl E. , Siragy Helmy M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractATP6AP2 knockout in the renal nephron impairs receptor-mediated endocytosis, increasing urinary albumin and glucose excretion and impairing weight gain. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in urine are bound to albumin and reabsorbed in the proximal tubule through receptor-mediated endocytosis by the megalin–cubilin complex. We hypothesized that ATP6AP2 knockout increases urinary NEFA excretion through a reduction in megalin. Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice with nephron specific inducible ATP6AP2 knockout and noninduced controls were fed either normal diet (ND 12% fat) or high fat diet (HFD 45% fat) for 6 months. ATP6AP2 knockout significantly increased urine albumin:creatinine ratio in both ND and HFD fed mice while normalized urine NEFA concentration increased 489% and 259% in ND and HFD knockout mice compared to respective controls. Knockout decreased renal cortical megalin mRNA by 47% on ND and 49% on HFD while megalin protein expression decreased by 36% and 44% respectively. At the same time, markers of mTOR activity were increased while autophagy was impaired. Our results indicate that nephron specific ATP6AP2 knockout increases urinary NEFA excretion in the setting of impaired receptor-mediated endocytosis. Further investigation should determine whether ATP6AP2 contributes to obesity related ectopic lipid deposition in the proximal tubule.
Biometrics of complete human pregnancy recorded by wearable devices
Authors: Keeler Bruce Lauryn , González Dalila , Dasgupta Subhasis , Smarr Benjamin L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the United States, normal-risk pregnancies are monitored with the recommended average of 14 prenatal visits. Check-ins every few weeks are the standard of care. This low time resolution and reliance on subjective feedback instead of direct physiological measurement, could be augmented by remote monitoring. To date, continuous physiological measurements have not been characterized across all of pregnancy, so there is little basis of comparison to support the development of the specific monitoring capabilities. Wearables have been shown to enable the detection and prediction of acute illness, often faster than subjective symptom reporting. Wearables have also been used for years to monitor chronic conditions, such as continuous glucose monitors. Here we perform a retrospective analysis on multimodal wearable device data (Oura Ring) generated across pregnancy within 120 individuals. These data reveal clear trajectories of pregnancy from cycling to conception through postpartum recovery. We assessed individuals in whom pregnancy did not progress past the first trimester, and found associated deviations, corroborating that continuous monitoring adds new information that could support decision-making even in the early stages of pregnancy. By contrast, we did not find significant deviations between full-term pregnancies of people younger than 35 and of people with “advanced maternal age”, suggesting that analysis of continuous data within individuals can augment risk assessment beyond standard population comparisons. Our findings demonstrate that low-cost, high-resolution monitoring at all stages of pregnancy in real-world settings is feasible and that many studies into specific demographics, risks, etc., could be carried out using this newer technology.
Predicting monoclonal antibody binding sequences from a sparse sampling of all possible sequences
Authors: Bisarad Pritha , Kelbauskas Laimonas , Singh Akanksha , Taguchi Alexander T. , Trenchevska Olgica , Woodbury Neal W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrevious work has shown that binding of target proteins to a sparse, unbiased sample of all possible peptide sequences is sufficient to train a machine learning model that can then predict, with statistically high accuracy, target binding to any possible peptide sequence of similar length. Here, highly sequence-specific molecular recognition is explored by measuring binding of 8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with specific linear cognate epitopes to an array containing 121,715 near-random sequences about 10 residues in length. Network models trained on resulting sequence-binding values are used to predict the binding of each mAb to its cognate sequence and to an in silico generated one million random sequences. The model always ranks the binding of the cognate sequence in the top 100 sequences, and for 6 of the 8 mAbs, the cognate sequence ranks in the top ten. Practically, this approach has potential utility in selecting highly specific mAbs for therapeutics or diagnostics. More fundamentally, this demonstrates that very sparse random sampling of a large amino acid sequence spaces is sufficient to generate comprehensive models predictive of highly specific molecular recognition.
On responsible machine learning datasets emphasizing fairness, privacy and regulatory norms with examples in biometrics and healthcare
Authors: Mittal Surbhi , Thakral Kartik , Singh Richa , Vatsa Mayank , Glaser Tamar , Canton Ferrer Cristian , Hassner Tal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) has seamlessly integrated into numerous scientific domains, catalysing unparalleled enhancements across a broad spectrum of tasks; however, its integrity and trustworthiness have emerged as notable concerns. The scientific community has focused on the development of trustworthy AI algorithms; however, machine learning and deep learning algorithms, popular in the AI community today, intrinsically rely on the quality of their training data. These algorithms are designed to detect patterns within the data, thereby learning the intended behavioural objectives. Any inadequacy in the data has the potential to translate directly into algorithms. In this study we discuss the importance of responsible machine learning datasets through the lens of fairness, privacy and regulatory compliance, and present a large audit of computer vision datasets. Despite the ubiquity of fairness and privacy challenges across diverse data domains, current regulatory frameworks primarily address human-centric data concerns. We therefore focus our discussion on biometric and healthcare datasets, although the principles we outline are broadly applicable across various domains. The audit is conducted through evaluation of the proposed responsible rubric. After surveying over 100 datasets, our detailed analysis of 60 distinct datasets highlights a universal susceptibility to fairness, privacy and regulatory compliance issues. This finding emphasizes the urgent need for revising dataset creation methodologies within the scientific community, especially in light of global advancements in data protection legislation. We assert that our study is critically relevant in the contemporary AI context, offering insights and recommendations that are both timely and essential for the ongoing evolution of AI technologies.
A plant virus differentially alters DNA methylation in two cryptic species of a hemipteran vector
Authors: Catto Michael A. , Ghosh Saptarshi , Pandey Sudeep , Mondal Banani , Simmons Alvin , Hunt Brendan G. , Srinivasan Rajagopalbabu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEpigenetic patterns including DNA methylation are known to vary between distantly related species, but it is not clear how these patterns differ at an intraspecific level. The sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) (Aleyrodidae; Hemiptera), encompasses several cryptic species. These cryptic species possess highly similar genomes but exhibit substantial biological and physiological differences.B. tabacicryptic species are invasive, highly polyphagous, and transmit an array of plant infecting single stranded DNA viruses (ssDNA) –begomoviruses. In this study, DNA methylation patterns around genes and genomic features of two prominentB. tabacicryptic species were investigated following acquisition of a monopartite ssDNA virus –tomato yellow curl virus. The cryptic species investigated included: B (also known as Middle East Asia Minor 1) and Q (also known as Mediterranean). Genomic features, such as promoters, gene bodies, and transposable elements were assessed for methylation levels in both B and Q cryptic species. Despite overall similar trends, both cryptic species showed differences in methylation levels between these genomic features. Virus induced differentially methylated regions were associated with predominantly distinct genes in B and Q cryptic species. All differentially methylated regions were assessed for differential gene expression and alternative splicing events with and without virus acquisition. DNA methylation levels were found to have a negative correlation with differential gene expression in both B and Q cryptic species. The differentially expressed genes were further grouped into hyper- and hypomethylated clusters. These clusters included genes with implications for virus-vector interactions including immune functions and xenobiotics’ detoxification. The observed DNA methylation pattern differences within each cryptic species could, in part, explain some of the biological and physiological differences between them.
Typing Versus Handwriting: A Preliminary Investigation of Modality Effects in the Writing Output of People With Aphasia
Authors: Lee Jaime B. , Kinsey Laura E. , Cherney Leora R. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Handwriting and typing have different cognitive and motor demands; however, questions remain as to whether performance in people with aphasia varies based on modality. This study compares written discourse production across handwritten and onscreen typed modalities for a large sample of people with aphasia. We also aimed to explore potential variables that predict the number of written words generated by participants and determine if modality differences emerge when these variables are included as predictors.

Method:
Writing samples, via handwriting and onscreen typing, elicited in a picture description task were collected from 52 participants with chronic aphasia and coded for number of words. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to model the data. Aphasia type, severity of aphasia, writing severity, and use of nondominant hand for writing or onscreen typing were included as predictor variables.

Results:

There were no significant differences between the number of words generated in the typed modality versus handwritten modality for the sample. Of the predictor variables examined, Western Aphasia Battery–Revised writing scores significantly predicted the number of words produced (
p
< .001). However, the interaction of writing severity with modality was not significant.

Conclusions:
This preliminary study suggests that there was no effect of modality on one measure of written production, number of words. Future research is needed to evaluate if there are meaningful differences between modalities when additional measures, such as writing informativeness, are considered.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26506144
Is the Articulatory Trajectory of Changing Syllables Important for Achieving Higher Syllable Rates Compared to Repeated Syllables?
Authors: Lancheros Monica , Laganaro Marina 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The production of speech-like sequences composed of varying syllables has been reported to achieve higher syllable rates than the production of repeated syllables (commonly designed as sequential motion rate [SMR] and alternating motion rate [AMR] tasks, respectively). The faster rate for SMR relative to AMR sequences is explained by different interpretative hypotheses, which remain empirically unexplored. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the high syllable rates of SMR sequences are due to the specific sequences used in most studies that involve front-to-back articulatory movements.

Method:
Syllable rates of SMR sequences composed of different articulatory trajectories (i.e., labial–alveolar–velar [/pateko/], alveolar–velar–labial [/tekopa/], and velar–labial–alveolar [/kopate/]) were compared with those of the AMR sequences /papapa/, /tetete/, and /kokoko/ in 20 participants.

Results:
The results show higher syllable rates for each of the three SMR sequences as compared to AMR, suggesting that the trajectory of the articulatory movements in the sequential sequences is not the key to achieving higher syllable rates.

Conclusion:
The syllable rate advantage for SMR over AMR sequences is not explained by the articulatory trajectories included in the former task, indicating that the front-to-back movements generally included in SMR sequences (i.e., /pataka/) are not decisive in achieving a higher syllable rate.
A systematic literature review of the bifacial photovoltaic module and its applications
Authors: Yakubu Rahimat O. , Mensah Lena D. , Quansah David A. , Adaramola Muyiwa S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBifacial modules can absorb radiation on both sides, increasing energy yield per unit area. Climatic conditions, mounting configuration, and system parameters influence the energy yield. The flexibility of bifacial modules allows for various installation orientations, including vertical and east‐west, which can help balance load profiles and reduce bottlenecks. Bifacial solar cells are found to provide higher current density and power compared to monofacial cells. Under optimum conditions, bifacial modules offer up to 30% more energy than conventional modules. Comparative assessments also demonstrate higher energy output from bifacial modules, especially on cloudy days, with low light intensity. Increasing ground reflectance (albedo) to 0.5 can further enhance the bifacial gain worldwide. The progress in performance modelling and accurate energy yield prediction has led to widespread adoption in residential and commercial applications and integration into emerging systems like floating PV and agro‐photovoltaic systems. Bifacial photovoltaic (PV) technology has received much interest, with the International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic (ITRPV) projecting a market share of 85% for bifacial PV cells by 2032. This study highlights the research on bifacial PV technology during the last 13 years and also discusses future trends and challenges. Furthermore, recommendations are made to ensure the bankability and scalability of bifacial PV modules.
Continuum and molecular emission from the inner regions of the symbiotic system R Aquarii
Authors: Gómez-Garrido M. , Bujarrabal V. , Alcolea J. , Castro-Carrizo A. , Mikołajewska J. , Santander-García M. 
Published: August 2024

Context. Symbiotic systems often include an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star and a hot compact companion, such as a white dwarf, that are in close interaction. Due to the intense ultraviolet emission from the hot companion, the molecular content of circumstellar envelopes in the symbiotic systems is poor. As a result, the less abundant molecules have not been previously studied in detail in this kind of object.
Aims. R Aqr is the closest and best-studied symbiotic system. Our aim is to study the inner regions of R Aqr based on ALMA observations of the continuum and line emission.
Methods. We present very sensitive ALMA maps of the continuum emission at 1.3 and 0.45 mm. We also obtain the spatial distribution of the recombination line H30α with a high and moderate angular resolution, and it is compared with the emission of the continuum at 1.3 mm. High-resolution maps of several molecules are obtained in the three observed ALMA bands. We study the molecular emissions using a simplified model to explain the brightness distributions seen in the central position of our maps.
Results. We find that the low-resolution continuum map at 1.3 mm shows the emission of the radio photosphere of the AGB star, its surroundings, and the structure of the bipolar jet launched by the companion. The high-resolution continuum map at 1.3 mm shows the innermost part of the jet, probably revealing the position of the secondary, and suggests mass transfer from the AGB star to the white dwarf. The brightness distribution of H30α is similar but not coincident with the continuum emission, and it basically probes the region where the jet is formed. The brightness distributions of the studied molecular lines show a variety of shapes. The emissions of the abundant molecules, CO and SiO, are relatively extended since they can survive far from the AGB star in spite of the intense ultraviolet emission from the white dwarf. On the contrary, less abundant molecules only survive in regions close to the AGB star, where shielding is stronger. From our best-fit model for these weak species, we find that the expanding shell is ~1014 cm in size, which means that these less abundant species are confined to the intra-orbital regions.
Pebble-driven migration of low-mass planets in the 2D regime of pebble accretion
Authors: Chrenko O. , Chametla R. O. , Masset F. S. , Baruteau C. , Brož M. 
Published: August 2024

Context. Pebbles drifting past a disk-embedded low-mass planet develop asymmetries in their distribution and exert a substantial gravitational torque on the planet, thus modifying its migration rate.
Aims. Our aim is to assess how the distribution of pebbles and the resulting torque change in the presence of pebble accretion, focusing on its 2D regime.
Methods. First, we performed 2D high-resolution multi-fluid simulations with FARGO3D but found that they are impractical for resolving pebble accretion due to the smoothing of the planetary gravitational potential. To remove the smoothing and directly trace pebbles accreted by the planet, we developed a new code, DENEB, which evolves an ensemble of pebbles, represented by Lagrangian superparticles, in a steady-state gaseous background.
Results. For small and moderate Stokes numbers, St ≲ 0.1, pebble accretion creates two underdense regions with a front-rear asymmetry with respect to the planet. The underdensity trailing the planet is more extended. The resulting excess of pebble mass in front of the planet then makes the pebble torque positive and capable of outperforming the negative gas torque. Pebble accretion thus enables outward migration (previously thought to occur mainly for St ≳ 0.1) in a larger portion of the parameter space. It occurs for the planet mass Mpl ≲ 3 M⊕ and for all the Stokes numbers considered in our study, St ∈ [10−2, 0.785], assuming a pebble-to-gas mass ratio of Z = 0.01.
Conclusions. If some of the observed planets underwent outward pebble-driven migration during their accretion, the formation sites of their progenitor embryos could have differed greatly from the usual predictions of planet formation models. To enable an update of the respective models, we provide a scaling law for the pebble torque that can be readily incorporated in N-body simulations.