bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the RHANI Wives intervention on marital conflict and sexual coercion
Authors: Saggurti Niranjan , Nair Saritha , Silverman Jay G. , Naik Dattaram D. , Battala Madhusudana , Dasgupta Anindita , Balaiah Donta , Raj Anita 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of the RHANI (Reducing HIV among Non‐Infected) Wives intervention on marital conflict and intimate partner violence (IPV) in urban India.MethodsA 2‐armed cluster‐randomized controlled trial (7 intervention, 6 control clusters) of the RHANI Wives intervention was conducted with 220 women contending with a history of IPV and/or husband's drunken behavior. Participants were surveyed at baseline and 4.5‐month follow‐up. Outcome measures included marital conflict (arguments with husband in past 3 months), marital IPV (physical or sexual violence from husband in past 3 months), and marital sexual coercion (husband forcing sex at last sex). Intention‐to‐treat logistic generalized linear mixed models were used to determine intervention impact.ResultsOne‐third (35.0%) of participants reported physical or sexual abuse from their husband in the past 3 months, and 58.6% reported that their husband was drunk in the past 30 days. Intention‐to‐treat analyses indicated time × treatment reductions in marital conflict (risk ratio [RR] 0.4; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.1–0.9; P = 0.06) and marital sexual coercion (RR 0.2; 90% CI, 0.05–0.9; P = 0.08), but not IPV.ConclusionThe findings suggest the potential utility of this intervention in reducing marital conflict and sexual coercion among women in urban India.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01592994.
A cohort study of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnancy and associations with uteroplacental blood flow and fetal anthropometrics in Kenya
Authors: McClure Elizabeth M. , Meshnick Steven R. , Lazebnik Noam , Mungai Peter , King Christopher L. , Hudgens Michael , Goldenberg Robert L. , Siega‐Riz Anna‐Maria , Dent Arlene E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo use ultrasound to explore the impact of malaria in pregnancy on fetal growth and newborn outcomes among a cohort of women enrolled in an intermittent presumptive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) program in coastal Kenya.MethodsEnrolled women were tested for malaria at first prenatal care visit, and physical and ultrasound examinations were performed. In total, 477 women who had term, live births had malaria tested at delivery and their birth outcomes assessed, and were included in the study.ResultsPeripheral malaria was detected via polymerase chain reaction among 10.9% (n = 87) at first prenatal care visit and 8.8% (n = 36) at delivery. Insecticide‐treated bed nets (ITNs) were used by 73.6% (n = 583) and were associated with decreased malaria risk. There was a trend for impaired fetal growth and placental blood flow in malaria‐infected women in the second trimester, but not later in pregnancy. Among women with low body mass index (BMI), malaria was associated with reduced birth weight (P = 0.04); anthropometric measures were similar otherwise.ConclusionWith IPTp‐SP and ITNs, malaria in pregnancy was associated with transient differences in utero, and reduced birth weight was restricted to those with low BMI.
“I'd like to be that attractive, but at least I'm smart”: How exposure to ideal advertising models motivates improved decision‐making
Authors: Sobol Kamila , Darke Peter R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe use of idealized advertising models has been heavily criticized in recent years. Existing research typically adopts a social comparison framework and shows that upward comparisons with models can lower self‐esteem and affect, as well as produce maladaptive behavior. However, the alternative possibility that consumers can cope with threatening advertising models by excelling in other behavioral domains has not been examined. The present research draws on fluid compensation theory (Tesser, 2000) and shows that idealized models motivate improved performance in consumer domains that fall outside that of the original comparison. These more positive coping effects operate through self‐discrepancies induced by idealized models, rather than self‐esteem or negative affect. Specifically, self‐discrepancies motivate consumers to improve decision‐making by: 1) making more optimal choices from well‐specified consideration sets, and 2) better self‐regulating indulgent choices. More broadly, the current research integrates and extends theories of fluid compensation and self‐discrepancy, as well as provides a more complete picture of the ways in which consumers cope with idealized advertising models.
Effect of intravenous amiodarone on QT and T peak–T end dispersions in patients with nonischemic heart failure treated with cardiac resynchronization‐defibrillator therapy and electrical storm
Authors: Ogiso Masataka , Suzuki Atsushi , Shiga Tsuyoshi , Nakai Kenji , Shoda Morio , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of intravenous amiodarone on spatial and transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains unclear.MethodsWe studied 14 patients with nonischemic heart failure who received CRT with a defibrillator, experienced electrical storm and were treated with intravenous amiodarone. Each patient underwent 12‐lead electrocardiography (ECG) and 187‐channel repolarization interval‐difference mapping electrocardiography (187‐ch RIDM‐ECG) before and during the intravenous administration of amiodarone infusion.ResultsA recurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia was observed in 2 patients during the early period of intravenous amiodarone therapy. Intravenous amiodarone increased the corrected QT interval (from 470±52 ms to 508±55 ms, P=0.003), but it significantly decreased the QT dispersion (from 107±35 ms to 49±27 ms, P=0.001), T peak–T end (Tp–e) dispersion (from 86±17 ms to 28±28 ms, P=0.001), and maximum inter‐lead difference between corrected Tp–e intervals as measured by using the 187‐ch RIDM‐ECG (from 83±13 ms to 50±19 ms, P=0.001).ConclusionsIntravenous amiodarone suppressed the electrical storm and decreased the QT and Tp–e dispersions in patients treated by using CRT with a defibrillator.
Identification and dendrochronology of wood found at the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Colorado, USA
Authors: Brown Peter M. , Nash Stephen E. , Kline Douglas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOver 300 wood fossils were collected from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site near Snowmass Village in central Colorado, USA. Wood fossils range from fragments of stems and branches only a few centimeters in diameter and length to whole logs >50 cm diameter and >10 m length. Many of the fossils were collected from a “beach” horizon, where they appear to have been washed up on the side of the interglacial lake and buried. The wood is mainly fir (Abies sp.) or Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), with some spruce (Picea sp.), pine (Pinus sp.), and at least one other unidentified conifer species. Douglas-fir and species of fir, spruce, and pine are common in the area today. Dendrochronological analyses compared annual growth rings in fossil wood to similar data from modern trees. Results suggest that fossil trees from the beach horizon grew under similar environmental conditions and annual climate variability as today. Three Douglas-firs and several fir logs also appear to have been alive at the same time based on crossdating of ring widths and other ring characteristics. These trees may have died at the same time, suggesting a stand mortality event in the surrounding forest that resulted in numerous logs being buried synchronously in the beach horizon.
Resonance-driven oscillations in a flexible-channel flow with fixed upstream flux and a long downstream rigid segment
Authors: Xu Feng , Billingham John , Jensen Oliver E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFlow driven through a planar channel having a finite-length membrane inserted in one wall can be unstable to self-excited oscillations. In a recent study (Xu, Billingham & Jensen J. Fluid Mech., vol. 723, 2013, pp. 706–733), we identified a mechanism of instability arising when the inlet flux and outlet pressure are held constant, and the rigid segment of the channel downstream of the membrane is sufficiently short to have negligible influence on the resulting oscillations. Here we identify an independent mechanism of instability that is intrinsically coupled to flow in the downstream rigid segment, which becomes prominent when the downstream segment is much longer than the membrane. Using a spatially one-dimensional model of the system, we perform a three-parameter unfolding of a degenerate bifurcation point having four zero eigenvalues. Our analysis reveals how instability is promoted by a 1:1 resonant interaction between two modes, with the resulting oscillations described by a fourth-order amplitude equation. This predicts the existence of saturated sawtooth oscillations, which we reproduce in full Navier–Stokes simulations of the same system.
Structure of complex networks: Quantifying edge-to-edge relations by failure-induced flow redistribution
Authors: SCHAUB MICHAEL T. , LEHMANN JÖRG , YALIRAKI SOPHIA N. , BARAHONA MAURICIO 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe analysis of complex networks has so far revolved mainly around the role of nodes and communities of nodes. However, the dynamics of interconnected systems is often focalized on edge processes, and a dual edge-centric perspective can often prove more natural. Here we present graph-theoretical measures to quantify edge-to-edge relations inspired by the notion of flow redistribution induced by edge failures. Our measures, which are related to the pseudo-inverse of the Laplacian of the network, are global and reveal the dynamical interplay between the edges of a network, including potentiallynon-localinteractions. Our framework also allows us to define the embeddedness of an edge, a measure of how strongly an edge features in the weighted cuts of the network. We showcase the general applicability of our edge-centric framework through analyses of the Iberian power grid, traffic flow in road networks, and theC. elegansneuronal network.
Heat stability and acid gelation properties of calcium-enriched reconstituted skim milk affected by ultrasonication
Authors: Chandrapala Jayani , Bui Don , Kentish Sandra , Ashokkumar Muthupandian 
Published: April 2014

The aggregation of proteins after heating of calcium-fortified milks has been an ongoing problem in the dairy industry. This undesirable effect restricts the manufacture of calcium rich dairy products. To overcome this problem, a completely new approach in controlling the heat stability of dairy protein solutions, developed in our lab, has been employed. In this approach, high intensity, low frequency ultrasound is applied for a very short duration after a pre-heating step at ⩾70 °C. The ultrasound breaks apart whey/whey and whey/casein aggregates through the process of acoustic cavitation. Protein aggregates do not reform on subsequent post-heating, thereby making the systems heat stable. In this paper, the acid gelation properties of ultrasonicated calcium-enriched skim milks have also been investigated. It is shown that ultrasonication alone does not change the gelation properties significantly whereas a sequence of preheating (72 °C/1 min) followed by ultrasonication leads to decreased gelation times, decreased gel syneresis and increased skim milk viscosity in comparison to heating alone. Overall, ultrasonication has the potential to provide calcium-fortified dairy products with increased heat stability. However, enhanced gelation properties can only be achieved when ultrasonication is completed in conjunction with heating.
Growth and hatching of annular seabream, Diplodus annularis, from Turkey determined from otolith microstructure
Authors: Ayyildiz Hakan , Ozen Ozcan , Altin Aytac 
Published: April 2014

Otolith microstructure analysis was used to determine daily growth rate and hatching periods of young of the year (YOY) annular seabream, Diplodus annularis, collected by using beach seine from Çanakkale shallow waters between January and December 2007. Total length of the YOY D. annularis was between 20 and 85 mm and the daily ages ranged between 27 and 205 d. Somatic growth rate, estimated by fitting a linear regression to the age–length data set, was calculated as 0.369 mm d−1. Seasonal changes in the growth rate of the YOY D. annularis have been found to be 0.381, 0.369, 0.357 and 0.308 mm d−1 for individuals that hatched in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Analysis of covariance indicated that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the growth rates between the seasons. Hatching period of the YOY D. annularis was estimated to occur between March and September, with relatively higher hatching frequency in June.
Visual-somatosensory integration in aging: Does stimulus location really matter?
Authors: MAHONEY JEANNETTE R. , WANG CUILING , DUMAS KRISTINA , HOLTZER ROEE 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIndividuals are constantly bombarded by sensory stimuli across multiple modalities that must be integrated efficiently. Multisensory integration (MSI) is said to be governed by stimulus properties including space, time, and magnitude. While there is a paucity of research detailing MSI in aging, we have demonstrated that older adults reveal the greatest reaction time (RT) benefit when presented with simultaneous visual-somatosensory (VS) stimuli. To our knowledge, the differential RT benefit of visual and somatosensory stimuli presented within and across spatial hemifields has not been investigated in aging. Eighteen older adults (Mean = 74 years; 11 female), who were determined to be non-demented and without medical or psychiatric conditions that may affect their performance, participated in this study. Participants received eight randomly presented stimulus conditions (four unisensory and four multisensory) and were instructed to make speeded foot-pedal responses as soon as they detected any stimulation, regardless of stimulus type and location of unisensory inputs. Results from a linear mixed effect model, adjusted for speed of processing and other covariates, revealed that RTs to all multisensory pairings were significantly faster than those elicited to averaged constituent unisensory conditions (p< 0.01). Similarly, race model violation did not differ based on unisensory spatial location (p= 0.41). In summary, older adults demonstrate significantVSmultisensory RT effects to stimuli both within and across spatial hemifields.
Description of the ontogenic and larval period of discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus)
Authors: Mattos Douglas da Cruz , Cardoso Leonardo Demier , Fosse Paulo José , Radael Marcella Costa , Filho João Carlos Fosse , Manhães João Vitor de Azevedo , de Andrade Dalcio Ricardo , Vidal Manuel Vazquez 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to describe the embryonic and larval development of discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus), and to determine the time required, hours post fertilization (hpf), for the emergence of various structures. To describe embryonic and larval stages, observations were made at regular periods under an optical microscope and images were taken with a digital camera attached to a microscope. The average temperature reached in the experimental tank was 27.9°C. Important facts in embryonic and larval development are described, such as the closure of the blastopore, which occurred at 31.5 hpf; a period of eruption, which occurred at 58.5 hpf; and a mouth opening, which occurred at 90.5 hpf; and larvae that exhibited oriented swimming and eating exogenous food at 136.5 hpf.
Successful slide tracheoplasty and partial atrioventricular septal defect repair following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support
Authors: Kelleher Eoin M. , Nolke Lars , McMahon Colin J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA two-year-old boy with a background history of Down syndrome and partial atrioventricular septal defect presented with acute respiratory distress requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. He continued to deteriorate, despite ventilation; direct laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and computed tomography demonstrated severe long segment tracheal stenosis. He was placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to stabilise his condition. A slide tracheoplasty and complete repair of the partial atrioventricular septal defect was successfully undertaken. His post-operative recovery was complicated by myocardial infarction and stroke but he made a full recovery. This represents the first report of slide tracheoplasty and partial atrioventricular septal defect repair in a child following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.
Clozapine: an effective treatment for seriously violent and psychopathic men with antisocial personality disorder in a UK high-security hospital
Authors: Brown Darcy , Larkin Fintan , Sengupta Samrat , Romero-Ureclay Jose L. , Ross Callum C. , Gupta Nitin , Vinestock Morris , Das Mrigendra 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveA number of studies have demonstrated the anti-aggressive properties of clozapine in schizophrenia and its positive effect in borderline personality disorder. There is no published literature on the treatment of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with clozapine. We present a case series of 7 patients with primary ASPD and high psychopathic traits treated with clozapine, having a significant history of serious violence and currently detained in a UK based high-security hospital.MethodsA retrospective review of case notes was carried out to formulate Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores and record incidents of violence and aggression. Effect on specific symptom domains (cognitive-perceptual, impulsive-behavioural dyscontrol, affective dysregulation) was also noted. Metabolic parameters and serum clozapine levels were also sampled.ResultsAll 7 patients showed significant improvement on clozapine. It was shown to benefit all symptom domains, especially impulsive behavioral dyscontrol and anger. The number of violent incidents committed by 6 of the 7 patients reduced significantly, and all patients’ risk of violence reduced. Clozapine serum levels for 6 of the 7 patients were in the range 150–350 ng/mL.ConclusionClozapine is of benefit in reducing the clinical severity of ASPD. It improved all symptom domains, especially impulsive-behavioral dyscontrol and anger, and reduced levels of aggression and violence, especially at lower doses (serum levels <350 ng/m). To our knowledge, this is the first account of clozapine treatment in patients with ASPD and high psychopathy.
The Monastic Guidelines (bCa’ yig) by Sidkeong Tulku: Monasteries, Sex and Reform in Sikkim
Authors: JANSEN BERTHE 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSidkeong Namgyal Tulku was a colourful figure in the history of Sikkim. This crown prince was an incarnated lama as well as a student at Oxford, and a member of the Royal Asiatic Society. This article considers the various roles of Sidkeong Tulku in the light of a Tibetan work by his hand, which has been previously not connected to his person. Written in 1909, it consists of ‘monastic guidelines’ (bCa’ yig) which are a clear witness to the time and circumstances they were written in. This traditionally framed work, authored by a supposed Buddhist modernist, addresses the education of monks, monastic economy, sex, and preaching to the laity. These guidelines shed light on the changing status of the monastery in Sikkim, in the midst of reforms and threats to Sikkimese sovereignty. In this article I examine the contents of these guidelines in the context of its author's eventful but short life, against the political, religious and social backdrop of a Buddhist kingdom in turmoil.
Parental and self-reported dietary and physical activity habits in pre-school children and their socio-economic determinants
Authors: Sotos-Prieto Mercedes , Santos-Beneit Gloria , Pocock Stuart , Redondo Juliana , Fuster Valentín , Peñalvo José L 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the agreement between self-reported and parent-reported dietary and physical activity habits in children; and to evaluate the socio-economic determinants of healthier habits (Mediterranean diet and physical activity) among children.DesignCross-sectional analysis of children recruited to a cluster-randomized controlled trial (Program SI!). Information about children’s and parents’ dietary and physical activity habits was obtained through validated questionnaires (Program SI! questionnaires, Kidmed, Krece Plus and Predimed scores).SettingTwenty-four schools in Madrid, Spain.SubjectsChildren (n 2062) aged 3–5 years and their parents (n 1949).ResultsThere was positive agreement between parental- and self-reporting for three of the six children’s habits examined. Parents’ dietary and physical activity patterns were associated with those of their children. The main determinants of higher scores in children were higher parental age, the mother’s scores, Spanish origin and higher awareness of human health (P<0·005). Children from parents with a low educational level had lower odds for scoring positively on items such as using olive oil (OR=0·23; 95 % CI 0·13, 0·41) and not skipping breakfast (OR=0·36; 95 % CI 0·23, 0·55), but higher odds for meeting the recommendations for consuming pulses (OR=1·71; 95 % CI 1·14, 2·55). Other habits being influenced by parental socio-economic status included the consumption of vegetables, fish, nuts, avoidance of fast food, and consumption of bakery products for breakfast.ConclusionsChildren’s habits may be influenced by their parents’ health awareness and other socio-economic characteristics. These findings suggest that intervention strategies, even in very young children, should also target parents in order to achieve maximum success.
Structural and Chemical Evolution of the Spontaneous Core-Shell Structures of AlxGa1-xN/GaN Nanowires
Authors: Fath Allah Rabie , Ben Teresa , González David 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA study by electron microscopy techniques of the structural and compositional properties of AlxGa1-xN/GaN nanowire (NW) heterostructures on Si(111) is presented. AlxGa1-xN depositions grown without catalyst by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy were designed to form NWs in the range of 0.20<x<0.40 with different lengths and growth temperatures. The NWs exhibit a well-defined core-shell radial structure with a complex chemical distribution along and across the growth direction that finally affects the NW morphology. All the wires have an initial stage with a maximum Al content in the core slightly above the GaN/AlxGa1-xN interface, which initially decreases exponentially with the NW height depending on the nominal Al content and the growth temperature. In longer NWs, this trend changes and evolves increasing both the Al/Ga ratio and the core diameter as well as sharpening the shell. Adatom surface kinetic differences and the geometrical shadow effect during the growth are the probable drivers of this behavior.