bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of complexation of oxidised corn starch with mineral elements on physicochemical properties
Authors: Pietrzyk Sławomir , Fortuna Teresa , Juszczak Lesław , Gałkowska Dorota , Królikowska Karolina , Zięba Karolina 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of complexation of oxidised starch with mineral elements on its physicochemical properties. Corn starch was oxidised with sodium hypochlorite and, afterwards, modified with ions of potassium, magnesium and iron. Thus, native and modified starches were analysed for: contents of mineral elements, colour parameters (L*a*b*), water binding capacity and solubility in water at temperature of 60 and 80 °C. Thermodynamic characteristics of gelatinisation by DSC, molecular weight distribution by GPC, intrinsic viscosity and pasting properties by RVA were studied. The efficiency of incorporation of metal ions into oxidised corn starch was about 30%, 20% and 20% for potassium, magnesium and iron ions, respectively. The complexation with potassium ions caused the greatest changes in the molecular weight distribution and the intrinsic viscosity of starches and viscosity of starch pastes. Only modification of starch with iron ions affected the colour parameters of the starch. Incorporation of metal ions into starch resulted also in changes in its water binding capacity and solubility in water.
A potential of ultrasound on minerals, micro‐organisms, phenolic compounds and colouring pigments of grapefruit juice
Authors: Aadil Rana Muhammad , Zeng Xin‐An , Wang Man‐Sheng , Liu Zhi‐Wei , Han Zhong , Zhang Zhi‐Hong , Hong Jing , Jabbar Saqib 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe grapefruit juice was sonicated in an ultrasonic bath at 28 kHz frequency (amplitude 70%), for 0, 30, 60 and 90 min at 20 °C. This research was focused on the effects of ultrasound treatment on phenolic compounds, minerals, viscosity, lycopene, total anthocyanins, total carotenoids, micro‐organism analysis and sugars. A statistically significant increase was observed in total carotenoids, lycopene, sugar contents (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and phenolic compounds, whereas a decrease in viscosity and micro‐organisms were found in all the grapefruit juice samples sonicated for 30, 60 and 90 min as compared to control. However, maximum improvement was observed in the sonication treatment for 90 min. The results of this study suggest that ultrasound treatment may improve the quality of grapefruit juice.
Effect of increased intake of skimmed milk, casein, whey or water on body composition and leptin in overweight adolescents: a randomized trial
Authors: Larnkjær A. , Arnberg K. , Michaelsen K. F. , Jensen S. M. , Mølgaard C. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackgroundsDairy proteins may support muscle protein synthesis and improve satiety in adults. However, there are limited studies using exact measures of body composition, especially in adolescents.ObjectivesThis study investigates the effect of milk proteins and water on body composition and leptin in overweight adolescents.MethodsSubjects (n = 193) aged 12–15 years were randomized to drink 1 L d−1 of skimmed milk, whey, casein (all milk‐based drinks 35 g protein L−1) or water for 12 weeks. Twenty participants dropped out. A pre‐test control group of 32 adolescents was examined 12 weeks before start of intervention. Outcomes included leptin and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scanning. The effects of the milk‐based drinks on body composition and leptin were compared with baseline, pre‐test control and water.ResultsLean mass index (LMI) increased compared to baseline (all 95% confidence intervals 0.05–0.50 kg m−2, all P ≤ 0.009) and the pre‐test control group (0.044–0.247 kg m−2, P ≤ 0.002) for all four test drinks. Fat mass index (FMI) increased only for milk‐based drink groups compared with baseline (0.15–0.67 kg m−2, P < 0.001) and also compared with water (0.029–0.255 kg m−2, P ≤ 0.011). For pre‐test control, there was no change in FMI or LMI. Leptin increased in the casein (1.016–3.246 ng mL−1, P < 0.001; 0.952–3.294 ng mL−1, P < 0.001) and whey groups (0.135–2.273 ng mL−1, P = 0.027; 0.069–2.322, P = 0.038) compared with water and pre‐test control group, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough milk proteins increased LMI in overweight adolescents, there was a concurrent increase in FMI and leptin, whereas water only resulted in increased LMI. Thus, increased water intake may be beneficial for body composition in overweight adolescents.
International Prostate Symptom Score is a predictive factor of lower urinary tract symptoms after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Bayoud Younes , de la Taille Alexandre , Ouzzane Adil , Ploussard Guillaume , Allory Yves , Yiou René , Vordos Dimitri , Hoznek Andras , Salomon Laurent 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of radical prostatectomy on lower urinary tract symptoms by using the International Prostate Symptom Score and International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life.MethodsThe present prospective study comprised 804 patients having localized prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy. International Prostate Symptom Score and International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life were recorded preoperatively, and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Two study groups were considered: group 1 included patients with International Prostate Symptom Score ≤7 (mild) and group 2 included patients with International Prostate Symptom Score ≥8 (moderate to severe). Student's t‐test and logistic regression were carried out to detect a predictive factor of International Prostate Symptom Score ≤7 at 24 months.ResultsThe mean International Prostate Symptom Score was 5.58 ± 6.6, 11.12 ± 7.1 and 7.62 ± 6 at baseline, 1 month and 3 months, respectively (P <0.0001). The mean quality of life score showed the same evolution with a significant difference at 1 and 3 months. The mean International Prostate Symptom Score was initially 1.57 ± 1.9 in group 1 and 13.51 ± 5.5 in group 2 (P <0.0001), evolving to 3.41 ± 3.1 and 7.69 ± 5.8 at 24 months (P <0.0001), respectively. The mean quality of life score was significantly different between the groups initially, and at 6 and 12 months with P <0.0001, P = 0.005 and P = 0.02, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression showed that age, prostate volume and preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score were independent predictive factors of International Prostate Symptom Score ≤7 at 24 months (P <0.0001). In group 2, 47 patients (17%) had an International Prostate Symptom Score ≥8 at 24 months, 15 of them (32%) having a QoL score ≥3.ConclusionsThe present study shows the beneficial impact of radical prostatectomy on lower urinary tract symptoms. However, a proportion of patients with a baseline International Prostate Symptom Score ≥8 maintain the same score at 24 months, with worsening in quality of life score in one‐third of them.
Structure, Microwave Dielectric Properties and Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Currents of (1 − x)Ba0.6Sr0.4La4Ti4O15–xBa5Nb4O15 Solid Solutions
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Zhang Jie , Xie Zhenkun , Yuan Lixin , Yue Zhenxing , Li Longtu 
Published: January 2015

(1 − x)Ba0.6Sr0.4La4Ti4O15–xBa5Nb4O15 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2, BSLT–BN) ceramic samples were prepared by co‐firing the mixtures of Ba0.6Sr0.4La4Ti4O15 and Ba5Nb4O15 powders. Crystal structure, microwave dielectric properties and thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) of the BSLT–BN series ceramics were investigated. X‐ray diffraction patterns reveal that all the samples exhibit a hexagonal perovskite structure, which implies that the BSLT–BN mixtures form solid solutions. With increasing Ba5Nb4O15 content, the diffraction peaks shift to low angles and the sintering temperature of BSLT–BN decreases. Raman spectra analysis reveals the shifting and splitting of the vibration modes. The microwave dielectric properties of the well‐sintered (1 − x)BSLT–xBN ceramics vary with Ba5Nb4O15 content. The dielectric permittivity of the ceramics exhibits a slight decreasing trend. The quality factor varies in the range of 45 000–11 200 GHz, whereas near‐zero temperature coefficients of the resonant frequency may be achieved by changing the Ba5Nb4O15 content. TSDC was utilized to explore the extrinsic loss mechanism associated with defects. TSDC relaxation peaks are mainly generated by oxygen vacancies, and the Ba5Nb4O15 content has a significant influence on the TSDC spectra.
Selection for territory acquisition is modulated by social network structure in a wild songbird
Authors: Farine D. R. , Sheldon B. C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe social environment may be a key mediator of selection that operates on animals. In many cases, individuals may experience selection not only as a function of their phenotype, but also as a function of the interaction between their phenotype and the phenotypes of the conspecifics they associate with. For example, when animals settle after dispersal, individuals may benefit from arriving early, but, in many cases, these benefits will be affected by the arrival times of other individuals in their local environment. We integrated a recently described method for calculating assortativity on weighted networks, which is the correlation between an individual's phenotype and that of its associates, into an existing framework for measuring the magnitude of social selection operating on phenotypes. We applied this approach to large‐scale data on social network structure and the timing of arrival into the breeding area over three years. We found that late‐arriving individuals had a reduced probability of breeding. However, the probability of breeding was also influenced by individuals’ social networks. Associating with late‐arriving conspecifics increased the probability of successfully acquiring a breeding territory. Hence, social selection could offset the effects of nonsocial selection. Given parallel theoretical developments of the importance of local network structure on population processes, and increasing data being collected on social networks in free‐living populations, the integration of these concepts could yield significant insights into social evolution.
The evolution of reproductive isolation in the Drosophila yakuba complex of species
Authors: Turissini D. A. , Liu G. , David J. R. , Matute D. R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup, the yakuba species complex, D. yakuba, D. santomea and D. teissieri have identical mitochondrial genomes in spite of nuclear differentiation. The first two species can be readily hybridized in the laboratory and produce fertile females and sterile males. They also form hybrids in natural conditions. Nonetheless, the third species, D. teissieri, was thought to be unable to produce hybrids with either D. yakuba or D. santomea. This in turn posed the conundrum of why the three species shared a single mitochondrial genome. In this report, we show that D. teissieri can indeed hybridize with both D. yakuba and D. santomea. The resulting female hybrids from both crosses are fertile, whereas the hybrid males are sterile. We also characterize six isolating mechanisms that might be involved in keeping the three species apart. Our results open the possibility of studying the history of introgression in the yakuba species complex and dissecting the genetic basis of interspecific differences between these three species by genetic mapping.
Microencapsulated Propolis to Enhance the Antioxidant Properties of Fresh Fish Burgers
Authors: Spinelli Sara , Conte Amalia , Lecce Lucia , Incoronato Anna Lucia , Del Nobile Matteo Alessandro 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe aim of the study was to enhance the antioxidant properties of fish burgers with microencapsulated propolis. Spray‐drying process was used to microencapsulate propolis (30 g in 100 mL of ethanol 70% v/v) by means of gum Arabic and Capsul in different ratios (1:6 for gum Arabic and Capsul and then 1:20 just for Capsul). Once defined the optimal microencapsulation conditions, an alcohol‐free powder able to mask the strong odor of propolis was obtained, thus promoting a potential food application as source of phenolics and antioxidants. Specifically, 5% w/w of spray‐dried propolis was incorporated in fish burgers. To improve their sensory properties, new ingredients such as potato flakes (3%, 5%, 7% and 10% w/w) and extra virgin olive oil (9% w/w) were tested and optimized to give a final fish product with good acceptability. Proper tests on burgers also demonstrated an effective increase of both phenolic content and antioxidant activity.Practical ApplicationsPropolis exhibits strong antioxidant properties because of its high content of polyphenols. Thus, it can be potentially used as natural food additive and functional food ingredient, but its application to food products is still limited because of its strong and unpleasant taste and odor that generally compromise food acceptability. The results of this study increase the possibility to embed the propolis as a microencapsulated natural ingredient in various foods to enhance antioxidant properties and phenolic contents.
A combined light sheet fluorescence and differential interference contrast microscope for live imaging of multicellular specimens
Authors: BAKER R.P. , TAORMINA M.J. , JEMIELITA M. , PARTHASARATHY R. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryWe describe a microscope capable of both light sheet fluorescence microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy (DICM). The two imaging modes, which to the best of our knowledge have not previously been combined, are complementary: light sheet fluorescence microscopy provides three‐dimensional imaging of fluorescently labelled components of multicellular systems with high speed, large fields of view, and low phototoxicity, whereas differential interference contrast microscopy reveals the unlabelled neighbourhood of tissues, organs, and other structures with high contrast and inherent optical sectioning. Use of a single Nomarski prism for differential interference contrast microscopy and a shared detection path for both imaging modes enables simple integration of the two techniques in one custom microscope. We provide several examples of the utility of the resulting instrument, focusing especially on the digestive tract of the larval zebrafish, revealing in this complex and heterogeneous environment anatomical features, the behaviour of commensal microbes, immune cell motions, and more.
Using geographic profiling to locate elusive nocturnal animals: a case study with spectral tarsiers
Authors: Faulkner S. C. , Stevenson M. D. , Verity R. , Mustari A. H. , Semple S. , Tosh D. G. , Le Comber S. C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEstimates of biodiversity, population size, population density and habitat use have important implications for management of both species and habitats, yet are based on census data that can be extremely difficult to collect. Traditional assessment techniques are often limited by time and money and by the difficulties of working in certain habitats, and species become more difficult to find as population size decreases. Particular difficulties arise when studying elusive species with cryptic behaviours. Here, we show how geographic profiling (GP) – a statistical tool originally developed in criminology to prioritize large lists of suspects in cases of serial crime – can be used to address these problems. We ask whether GP can be used to locate sleeping sites of spectral tarsiers Tarsius tarsier in Sulawesi, Southeast Asia, using as input the positions at which tarsier vocalizations were recorded in the field. This novel application of GP is potentially of value as tarsiers are cryptic and nocturnal and can easily be overlooked in habitat assessments (e.g. in dense rainforest). Our results show that GP provides a useful tool for locating sleeping sites of this species, and indeed analysis of a preliminary dataset during field work strongly suggested the presence of a sleeping tree at a previously unknown location; two sleeping trees were subsequently found within 5 m of the predicted site. We believe that GP can be successfully applied to locating the nests, dens or roosts of elusive animals such as tarsiers, potentially improving estimates of population size with important implications for management of both species and habitats.
Attitudes towards organ donor advocacy among Swedish intensive care nurses
Authors: Forsberg Anna , Lennerling Annette , Fridh Isabell , Rizell Magnus , Lovén Charlotte , Flodén Anne 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo explore the attitudes of Swedish intensive care nurses towards organ donor advocacy.BackgroundThe concept of organ donor advocacy is critical to nurses who care for potential donors in order to facilitate organ donation (OD).DesignA retrospective cross‐sectional study was employed.MethodsInclusion criteria in this survey were to be a registered nurse and to work in a Swedish intensive care unit (ICU). Participants were identified by the Swedish association of health professionals. A number of 502 Swedish ICU nurses answered the 32‐item questionnaire Attitudes Towards Organ Donor Advocacy Scale (ATODAS), covering the five dimensions of organ donor advocacy: attitudes towards championing organ donation at a structural hospital level, or at a political and research level, attitudes towards actively and personally safeguarding the will and wishes of the potential organ donor, or by using a more professional approach and finally to safeguard the will and wishes of the relatives. Data were analysed with the SPSS version 18·0 and the results were assessed by using Student's t‐test and post hoc test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), χ2, Pearson's correlation and regression analysis.ResultsThe most favoured advocacy action was safeguarding the POD's will and wishes by a professional approach, closely followed by actively and personally safeguarding the POD's will and wishes. Nurses at local hospitals reported a more positive attitude towards organ donor advocacy overall compared with nurses at larger regional or university hospitals. Important factors leading to positive attitudes were seniority, working experience, participating in conversations with relatives, caring for brain‐dead persons and private experiences from OD or organ transplantation.ConclusionsIntensive and critical care nurses with short working experience in university hospitals showed the least positive attitude towards organ donor advocacy. This is problematic because many ODs and all transplantations are performed in university hospitals.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study emphasizes the importance of organizing the care of PODs and their relatives in a way that promotes advocacy.
Phenotyping nematode feeding sites: three‐dimensional reconstruction and volumetric measurements of giant cells induced by root‐knot nematodes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cabrera Javier , Díaz‐Manzano Fernando E. , Barcala Marta , Arganda‐Carreras Ignacio , de Almeida‐Engler Janice , Engler Gilbert , Fenoll Carmen , Escobar Carolina 
Published: January 2015

Summary

The control of plant parasitic nematodes is an increasing problem. A key process during the infection is the induction of specialized nourishing cells, called giant cells (GCs), in roots. Understanding the function of genes required for GC development is crucial to identify targets for new control strategies. We propose a standardized method for GC phenotyping in different plant genotypes, like those with modified genes essential for GC development.

The method combines images obtained by bright‐field microscopy from the complete serial sectioning of galls with TrakEM2, specialized three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction software for biological structures.

The volumes and shapes from 162 3D models of individual GCs induced by Meloidogyne javanica in Arabidopsis were analyzed for the first time along their life cycle. A high correlation between the combined volume of all GCs within a gall and the total area occupied by all the GCs in the section/s where they show maximum expansion, and a proof of concept from two Arabidopsis transgenic lines (J0121 ≫ DTA and J0121 ≫ GFP) demonstrate the reliability of the method.

We phenotyped GCs and developed a reliable simplified method based on a two‐dimensional (2D) parameter for comparison of GCs from different Arabidopsis genotypes, which is also applicable to galls from different plant species and in different growing conditions, as thickness/transparency is not a restriction.
Effect of hot water treatment on peach volatile emission and Monilinia fructicola development
Authors: Spadoni A. , Cappellin L. , Neri F. , Algarra Alarcon A. , Romano A. , Guidarelli M. , Gasperi F. , Biasioli F. , Mari M. 
Published: January 2015

The effect of hot water treatment (HWT) to control peach brown rot was investigated. Peaches were dipped in water at 60°C for 60 s and artificially inoculated with Monilinia fructicola conidia. HWT failed to control brown rot if applied before inoculation and microscopic observations revealed a stimulatory effect on germ tube elongation of M. fructicola conidia placed immediately after HWT on the fruit surface, compared to the control. The influence of fruit volatile emission due to HWT was performed on the pathogen conidia exposed to the headspace surrounding peaches. The results showed an increase of M. fructicola conidial germination ranging from 33 to 64% for cultivars Lucie Tardibelle and Red Haven heat‐treated peaches, respectively, compared to the control. The volatile blend emitted from heat‐treated fruit was analysed by solid‐phase microextraction/gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (SPME/GC‐MS) and proton transfer reaction‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (PTR‐ToF‐MS). Fifty compounds were detected by SPME/GC‐MS in volatile blends of cv. Lucie Tardibelle peaches and significant differences in volatile emission were observed among heated and control fruit. Using PTR‐ToF‐MS analysis, acetaldehyde and ethanol were detected at levels 15‐ and 28‐fold higher in heated fruit compared to unheated ones, respectively. In vitro assays confirmed the stimulatory effect (60 and 15%) of acetaldehyde (0·6 μL L−1) and ethanol (0·2 μL L−1) on M. fructicola conidial germination and mycelial growth, respectively. The results showed that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from heat‐treated peaches could stimulate M. fructicola conidial germination, increasing brown rot incidence in treated peaches when the inoculation occurs immediately after HWT.