bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the decidability of implicational ticket entailment
Authors: Bimbó Katalin , Dunn J. Michael 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe implicational fragment of the logic of relevant implication, R→ is known to be decidable. We show that the implicational fragment of the logic of ticket entailment, T→ is decidable. Our proof is based on the consecution calculus that we introduced specifically to solve this 50-year old open problem. We reduce the decidability problem of T→ to the decidability problem of R→. The decidability of T→ is equivalent to the decidability of the inhabitation problem of implicational types by combinators over the base {B, B′, I, W}.
Early-Adulthood Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Profiles Among Individuals With and Without Diabetes in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Preis Sarah Rosner , Pencina Michael J. , Mann Devin M. , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Savage Peter J. , Fox Caroline S. 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE
Many studies of diabetes have examined risk factors at the time of diabetes diagnosis instead of considering the lifetime burden of adverse risk factor levels. We examined the 30-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor burden that participants have up to the time of diabetes diagnosis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Among participants free of CVD, incident diabetes cases (fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL or treatment) occurring at examinations 2 through 8 (1979–2008) of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort were age- and sex-matched 1:2 to controls. CVD risk factors (hypertension, high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, obesity) were measured at the time of diabetes diagnosis and at time points 10, 20, and 30 years prior. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare risk factor levels at each time point between diabetes cases and controls.

RESULTS
We identified 525 participants with new-onset diabetes who were matched to 1,049 controls (mean age, 60 years; 40% women). Compared with those without diabetes, individuals who eventually developed diabetes had higher levels of hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; P = 0.003), high LDL (OR, 1.5; P = 0.04), low HDL (OR, 2.1; P = 0.0001), high triglycerides (OR, 1.7; P = 0.04), and obesity (OR, 3.3; P &lt; 0.0001) at time points 30 years before diabetes diagnosis. After further adjustment for BMI, the ORs for hypertension (OR, 1.9; P = 0.02) and low HDL (OR, 1.7; P = 0.01) remained statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS
CVD risk factors are increased up to 30 years before diagnosis of diabetes. These findings highlight the importance of a life course approach to CVD risk factor identification among individuals at risk for diabetes.
Comparison of Topographic Technologies in Anterior Surface Mapping of Keratoconus using Two Display Algorithms and Six Corneal Topography Devices
Authors: Roberts Cynthia J , Lembach Richard G , Markakis George A , Harris James W 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate anterior surface topographic technologies and display algorithms in mapping keratoconus.

Materials and methods
A total of 27 eyes of 17 subjects clinically diagnosed with keratoconus were imaged on six topographers: EyeSys, Alcon EyeMap, Keratron, TMS-1, Orbscan and PAR corneal topography system. Axial distance (AD) and instantaneous radius of curvature (IROC) algorithms were generated, and the cone apex was determined manually using a cursor. Intermachine comparisons for cone magnitude (steepest curvature), as well as cone location in radius and meridian were performed for each display algorithm using both AD and IROC. Significance (p < 0.05) was determined using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) on successive mean values. Maps were also evaluated for processability, defined by the ability to reconstruct a reasonable map for each subject, not map quality.

Results
There were no significant differences between successive means for cone location in either radial or meridional directions. For AD, Orbscan was greater than both small mire Placido devices (Keratron and TMS-1), which were not different from each other. The small mire devices had significantly greater curvature magnitude than the large mire placido devices (EyeSys, Alcon EyeMap) which were not different from each other. Finally, PAR was significantly lower than the large mire Placido devices. For IROC, the pattern was the same with the exception that the Orbscan was not different than the small mire Placido devices in curvature magnitude. For processing success, the PAR had 100% processability, and all other devices were between 73 and 77%.

Conclusion
In monitoring keratoconus, evaluation of change over time is fundamental to treatment decisions, making understanding of topographic technology differences in mapping keratoconic corneas extremely important.

How to cite this article
Markakis GA, Roberts CJ, Harris JW, Lembach RG. Comparison of Topographic Technologies in Anterior Surface Mapping of Keratoconus using Two Display Algorithms and Six Corneal Topography Devices. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2012;1(3):153-157.
A family‐based association analysis and meta‐analysis of the reading disabilities candidate gene DYX1C1
Authors: Tran C. , Gagnon F. , Wigg K.G. , Feng Y. , Gomez L. , Cate‐Carter T.D. , Kerr E.N. , Field L.L. , Kaplan B.J. , Lovett M.W. , Barr C.L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractReading disabilities (RD) have a significant genetic basis and have shown linkage to multiple regions including chromosome 15q. Dyslexia susceptibility 1 candidate gene 1 (DYX1C1) on chromosome 15q21 was originally proposed as a candidate gene with two potentially functional polymorphisms at the −3G/A and 1249G/T positions showing association with RD. However, subsequent studies have yielded mixed results. We performed a literature review and meta‐analysis of the −3G/A and 1249G/T polymorphisms, including new unpublished data from two family‐based samples. Ten markers in DYX1C1 were genotyped in the two independently ascertained samples. Single marker and −3G/A:1249G/T haplotype analyses were performed for RD in both samples, and quantitative trait analyses using standardized reading‐related measures was performed in one of the samples. For the meta‐analysis, we used a random‐effects model to summarize studies that tested for association between −3G/A or 1249G/T and RD. No significant association was found between the DYX1C1 SNPs and RD or any of the reading‐related measures tested after correction for the number of tests performed. The previously reported risk haplotype (−3A:1249T) was not biased in transmission. A total of 9 and 10 study samples were included in the meta‐analysis of the −3G/A and 1249G/T polymorphisms, respectively. Neither polymorphism reached statistical significance, but the heterogeneity for the 1249G/T polymorphism was high. The results of this study do not provide evidence for association between the putatively functional SNPs −3G/A and 1249G/T and RD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Dingsheng , Wei Zhe , Peng Qing , Li Yadong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this study, we report a simple solution‐phase method to prepare ZnO nanostructures with controllable morphologies. By using oleylamine (OAm) and dodecanol (DDL) as solvents, zinc oxide nanocrystals with tunable sizes and diverse shapes (hexagonal pyramids, bulletlike, and pencil‐like shapes) have been obtained under mild conditions. At the same time, the introduction of presynthesized gold nanocrystals can also lead to the hybrid nanostructures of gold–zinc oxide hexagonal nanopyramids. In addition, the possible formation mechanism of the as‐prepared ZnO nanostructures has been investigated. Notably, the unique optical properties of the ZnO nanostructures with different sizes and shapes have also been discussed. We hope that this strategy will be a general and effective method for fabricating other metal oxide nanocrystals.
A model‐driven development method for Management Information Systems
Authors: Mizuno Tomoki , Matsumoto Keinosuke , Mori Naoki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTraditionally, Management Information Systems (MIS) have been developed without using formal methods. By informal methods, MIS are developed over their lifecycle without having any models. This causes many problems, such as lack of reliability of the system design specifications. In order to overcome these problems, a model theory approach has been proposed. The approach is based on the idea that a system can be modeled by automata and set theory. However, it is very difficult to generate automata of the system to be developed right from the start. On the other hand, there is a model‐driven development method that can flexibly adapt to changes of business logics or implementing technologies. In model‐driven development, a system is modeled using a modeling language such as UML. This paper proposes a new development method for management information systems, applying the model‐driven development method to a component of the model theory approach. Experiments have shown that the reduction in the amount of efforts is more than 30%. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(2): 16–24, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11445
Direct determination of underivatized amino acids from Ginkgo biloba leaves by using hydrophilic interaction ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Yao Xin , Zhou Guisheng , Tang Yuping , Pang Hanqing , Qian Yefei , Guo Sheng , Mo Xuan , Zhu Shaoqing , Su Shulan , Qian Dawei , Jin Chun , Qin Yong , Duan Jin‐ao 
Published: January 2013

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has been widely used in dietary supplements and more recently in some foods and beverages. In addition to the well‐known flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones, G. biloba leaves are also rich in amino acids. To determine the content of free amino acids, a reliable method has been established by using hydrophilic interaction ultra‐HPLC coupled with ESI‐MS. 20 free amino acids were simultaneously determined without derivatization in 12 min. The proposed method was fully validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, repeatability, as well as recovery. Furthermore, the principal component analysis was applied to different G. biloba leaves collected in November (after fruit harvest season), which revealed that the samples from different production areas exhibited regional disparity in different clusters in accordance with their various hydrophilic interaction chromatograms coupled with mass profiles. The established approach could be helpful for evaluation of the potential values as dietary supplements and the quality control of G. biloba leaves, which might also be utilized for the investigation of other medicinal herbs containing amino acids.
General Functionalization Method for Synthesis of α‐Functionalized Polymers by Combination of Anionic Polymerization and Hydrosilation Chemistry
Authors: Quirk Roderic P. , Chavan Vijay , Janoski Jonathan , Yol Aleer , Wesdemiotis Chrys 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA new general functionalization method (GFM) of synthesizing α‐functionalized polymers has been developed. α‐Vinyl‐functionalized polystyrene was obtained by anionic polymerization of styrene using 4‐pentenyllithium as an initiator. Chloromethyldimethylsilane‐functionalized polystyrene was successfully synthesized from vinyl‐functionalized polystyrene by hydrosilation using Karstedt's catalyst. Nucleophilic substitution of this polymer was carried out in presence of pyrrolidine to obtain α‐pyrrolidine‐functionalized polystyrene. α‐Triethoxysilylpolystyrene was obtained by hydrosilation of a‐4‐pentenylpolystyrene with triethoxysilane using Karstedt's catalyst.
Effect of 2 referral intervals on diagnostic discordance between cytology and histology at a colposcopy clinic
Authors: Saayman Francois , Van Gelderen Cyril J. , Michelow Pam , Van Den Berg Eunice J. , Adam Yasmin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of the time interval between cervical cytology screening and histology at treatment on grade of cervical disease.MethodsIn a retrospective cross‐sectional study at a colposcopy clinic in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, data were compared from women with cytologic abnormalities referred for colposcopy between April 2003 and June 2010 to determine whether early (≤ 180 days) or late (> 180 days) referral had an impact on dysplasia grade.ResultsIn the early and late referral groups, there were 213 (13.43%) and 201 (14.63%) women, respectively, with upgrading of cervical dysplasia (P = 0.35), and 1373 (86.57%) and 1173 (85.37%) women, respectively, with downgrading or no change (P = 0.35). Risk factors for upgrading were HIV infection (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; P < 0.001) and condom use (OR, 1.30; P = 0.02). Four cases (0.68%) of invasion among women with low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and 50 cases (2.11%) among women with high‐grade SIL (HSIL) were not detected by cytology. Risk factors for invasive disease on histology were age (OR, 1.09 per year; P < 0.001), parity (OR, 1.32 per pregnancy; P < 0.001), and HSIL on cytology (OR, 3.17; P = 0.03).ConclusionThere was no difference in the up‐ or downgrading of cervical dysplasia between the 2 referral groups.
Angular measurements in azimuth and elevation with 77 GHz radar sensors
Authors: Baur Klaus , Mayer Marcel , Lutz Steffen , Walter Thomas 
Published: January 2013

An antenna concept for direction of arrival estimation in azimuth and elevation is proposed for 77 GHz automotive radar sensors. This concept uses the amplitude information of the radar signal for the azimuth angle and the phase information for the elevation angle. The antenna consists of a combination of a series-fed-array structure with a cylindrical dielectric lens. This concept is implemented into a radar sensor based on SiGe MMICs for validation. A two- and a four-beam configuration are presented and discussed with respect to angular accuracy and ambiguities.
Musikalisches Bibliodrama als Medium psychopräventiver Identitätsarbeit
Authors: Kaufmann Christian 
Published: January 2013

In Anlehnung an das Bibliodramakonzept nach Herman Andriessen und Nicolaas Derksen wird ein Konzept eines „musikalischen Bibliodrama” entworfen, in dem sprachlicher Ausdruck und sprachliche Kommunikation so weitgehend wie möglich durch musikalischen Ausdruck und musikalische Kommunikation ersetzt und ergänzt werden. Im Unterschied zu dem im Kontext katholischer Seelsorge entstandenen Vorbildkonzept liegt die zentrale Zielsetzung des musikalischen Bibliodrama im Bereich der Identitätsarbeit; entsprechend ist ein Einsatz im Rahmen von sowohl kirchlich gebundener als auch weltanschaulich neutraler schulischer oder außerschulischer Bildungsarbeit und sozialer Arbeit intendiert. Auf der Basis des Modells der Identitätsarbeit der Forschungsgruppe um Heiner Keupp sowie der Identitäts- und Texttheorie Paul Ricoeurs wird herausgearbeitet, dass das musikalische Bibliodrama biblische Situations-, Sprach-, Erzähl- und Szenenmodelle als identitätsrelevante Ressourcen–im Sinne Keupps als „Optionsraum”, „subjektive Relevanzstruktur” und „Bewältigungsressource” verstanden–zugänglich macht. Die Argumentation, die bibliodramatische Prozesse als Selbstwahrnehmung im durch den Bibeltext gegebenen Situationshorizont, Selbstbeschreibung im durch den Bibeltext gegebenen Deutungshorizont, Selbsterzählung im durch den Bibeltext gegebenen Deutungs- und Zeithorizont sowie Selbstinszenierung im durch den Bibeltext gegebenen Deutungs-, Zeit- und Szenenhorizont erläutert, steht keinesfalls im Widerspruch zu einer theologischen Begründung des Bibliodrama, sondern untermauert diese einerseits und ermöglicht andererseits zugleich, von einem verbindlichen Verständnis der Prozesse und Erfahrungen im Sinne christlicher Religiosität abzusehen.
External and Internal R&D, Capital Investment and Business Performance in the Spanish Agri‐Food Industry
Authors: Alarcón Silverio , Sánchez Mercedes 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe examine the effects of external and internal expenditure on research and development on the business performance of industrial agri‐food enterprises. For this purpose, a data sample from the Encuesta de Estrategias Empresariales en España (Survey of Business Strategies in Spain) was used, which includes information on more than 400 businesses over the period 2000–2008. The econometric analysis uses quantile regressions to address the vast asymmetry of the variables and to identify non‐linear relationships. The results reveal interesting new findings on the impacts of R&D on the agri‐food industry. The most evident, although not the most immediately apparent, relationship concerns the positive effects of external R&D on business performance. Internal R&D was also revealed to be an important way of enhancing the productivity of SMEs. In addition, the modernisation of the production process through investment in capital goods continues to be the main path to improve competitiveness. However, support was found neither for the inverse relationship, that is the most profitable firms are those that spend the most on R&D, nor for complementarity between external and internal R&D. The latter would imply that the bulk of Spanish agri‐food firms have at most the capacity for only one type of R&D.
Capturing L2 Accuracy Developmental Patterns: Insights From an Error‐Tagged EFL Learner Corpus
Authors: THEWISSEN JENNIFER 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe present article addresses the issue of second language accuracy developmental trajectories and shows how they can be captured via an error‐tagged version of an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learner corpus. The data used in this study were extracted from theInternational Corpus of Learner English(Granger et al., 2009) and consist of a total of 223 learner essays. Each composition was (a) manually and exhaustively annotated for errors following the Louvain error‐tagging taxonomy (Dagneaux, Denness, & Granger, 1998) and (b) individually rated by two (sometimes three) testing experts according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (Council of Europe, 2001) descriptors for linguistic competence. As a result, each text was assigned a B1 (lower intermediate), B2 (upper intermediate), C1 (advanced), or C2 (near‐native) score. A refined counting method,potential occasion analysis, which relies on both an error‐tagged and a part‐of‐speech‐tagged version of the learner data, was used to quantify the errors. This allowed the analysis to trace the type of development displayed by more than 40 error types along the B1–C2 proficiency range. The results indicate that the EFL error developmental patterns tend to be dominated by progress and stabilization trends and that progress is often located between B1 and B2.
Anaemia management protocols in the care of haemodialysis patients: examining patient outcomes
Authors: Saunders Sushila , MacLeod Martha LP , Salyers Vince , MacMillan Peter D , Ogborn Malcolm R 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesTo determine whether the use of a nurse‐driven protocol in the haemodialysis setting is as safe and effective as traditional physician‐driven approaches to anaemia management.BackgroundThe role of haemodialysis nurses in renal anaemia management has evolved through the implementation of nurse‐driven protocols, addressing the trend of exceeding haemoglobin targets and rising costs of erythropoietin‐stimulating agents.DesignRetrospective, non‐equivalent case control group design.MethodsThe sample was from three haemodialysis units in a control group (n = 64) and three haemodialysis units in a protocol group (n = 43). The protocol group used a nurse‐driven renal anaemia management protocol, while the control group used a traditional physician‐driven approach to renal anaemia management. All retrospective data were obtained from a provincial renal database. Data were analysed using chi‐square tests and t‐tests. Patient outcomes examined were haemoglobin levels, transferrin saturation levels, erythropoietin‐stimulating agents use and intravenous iron use. Cost comparisons were determined using average use of erythropoietin‐stimulating agents and intravenous iron.ResultsControl and protocol groups reached haemoglobin target levels. In the protocol group, 75% reached transferrin saturation target levels in comparison with 25% of the control group. Use and costs for iron was higher in the control group, while use and costs for erythropoietin was higher in the protocol group. The higher usage of erythropoietin‐stimulating agents was potentially related to comorbid conditions amongst the protocol group.ConclusionsA nurse‐driven protocol approach to renal anaemia management was as effective as the physician‐driven approach in reaching haemoglobin and transferrin saturation levels. Further examination of the use and dosing of erythropoietin‐stimulating agents and intravenous iron, their impact on haemoglobin levels related to patient comorbidities and subsequent cost effectiveness of protocols is required.Relevance to clinical practiceUsing a nurse‐driven protocol in practice supports the independent nursing role while contributing to safe patient outcomes.
Neuropathic Pain with Features of Complex Regional Syndrome in the Upper Extremity after Herpes Zoster
Authors: Giménez‐Milà Marc , Busquets Carme , Ojeda Antonio , Faulí Adela , Moreno Luis Alfonso , Videla Sebastian 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe report a case of a 73‐year‐old female who developed unbearable neuropathic pain after a herpes zoster episode. The pain persisted and could not be controlled despite multimodal analgesia. In addition to postherpetic neuralgia, myelitis and complex regional pain syndrome were diagnosed during the evolution of neuropathic pain. This complex neuropathic pain was resolved after sympathetic ganglion block.
Stolper–Samuelson Time Series: Long‐Term US Wage Adjustment
Authors: Thompson Henry 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFactor prices adjust to product prices in the Stolper–Samuelson theorem of the factor proportions model. The present paper estimates adjustment in the average US wage to changes in prices of manufactures and services with yearly data from 1949 to 2006. Difference equation analysis is based directly on the comparative static factor proportions model. Factors of production are fixed capital assets and the labor force. Results have implications for theory and policy.
Intentions to Return of Clandestine Migrants: Comment
Authors: Stark Oded , Byra Lukasz 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe take issue with the reasoning of Coniglio et al. () that whereas better‐skilled illegal migrants will prefer to return‐migrate, lower‐skilled illegal migrants will not. We argue that under asymmetric information, all the illegal migrants are initially paid a wage based on the average productivity of the group of illegal migrants. The better‐skilled illegal migrants thus face two “taxes:” being paid less than if they were legal, and being averaged down. Therefore, better‐skilled illegal migrants can be expected to expend more effort to become legal than lower‐skilled illegal migrants. And once legalized, there is no reason for the better‐skilled illegal migrants to want to return to their country of origin more than the lower‐skilled illegal migrants. Thus, it is the lower‐skilled illegal migrants that are likely to dominate the return migration flow. We argue that in other respects too, the model of Coniglio et al. is not based on reasonable assumptions, and that even under the postulated assumptions, the model suffers from several inconsistencies. In particular, when the rate of return to savings is an increasing function of skill level, we would expect there to be few better‐skilled individuals among illegal migrants in the first place. Also, an obvious distinction between savers and borrowers is ignored.