bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key considerations for the experimental training and evaluation of cancer odour detection dogs: lessons learnt from a double-blind, controlled trial of prostate cancer detection
Authors: Elliker Kevin R , Sommerville Barbara A , Broom Donald M , Neal David E , Armstrong Sarah , Williams Hywel C 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Cancer detection using sniffer dogs is a potential technology for clinical use and research. Our study sought to determine whether dogs could be trained to discriminate the odour of urine from men with prostate cancer from controls, using rigorous testing procedures and well-defined samples from a major research hospital.

Methods
We attempted to train ten dogs by initially rewarding them for finding and indicating individual prostate cancer urine samples (Stage 1). If dogs were successful in Stage 1, we then attempted to train them to discriminate prostate cancer samples from controls (Stage 2). The number of samples used to train each dog varied depending on their individual progress. Overall, 50 unique prostate cancer and 67 controls were collected and used during training. Dogs that passed Stage 2 were tested for their ability to discriminate 15 (Test 1) or 16 (Tests 2 and 3) unfamiliar prostate cancer samples from 45 (Test 1) or 48 (Tests 2 and 3) unfamiliar controls under double-blind conditions.

Results
Three dogs reached training Stage 2 and two of these learnt to discriminate potentially familiar prostate cancer samples from controls. However, during double-blind tests using new samples the two dogs did not indicate prostate cancer samples more frequently than expected by chance (Dog A sensitivity 0.13, specificity 0.71, Dog B sensitivity 0.25, specificity 0.75). The other dogs did not progress past Stage 1 as they did not have optimal temperaments for the sensitive odour discrimination training.

Conclusions
Although two dogs appeared to have learnt to select prostate cancer samples during training, they did not generalise on a prostate cancer odour during robust double-blind tests involving new samples. Our study illustrates that these rigorous tests are vital to avoid drawing misleading conclusions about the abilities of dogs to indicate certain odours. Dogs may memorise the individual odours of large numbers of training samples rather than generalise on a common odour. The results do not exclude the possibility that dogs could be trained to detect prostate cancer. We recommend that canine olfactory memory is carefully considered in all future studies and rigorous double-blind methods used to avoid confounding effects.
Optimal care and design of the tracheal cuff in the critically ill patient
Authors: Jaillette Emmanuelle , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Artigas Antonio , Nseir Saad 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Despite the increasing use of non-invasive ventilation and high-flow nasal-oxygen therapy, intubation is still performed in a large proportion of critically ill patients. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss recent data on long-term intubation-related complications, such as microaspiration, and tracheal ischemic lesions. These complications are common in critically ill patients, and are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Recent data suggest beneficial effects of tapered cuffed tracheal tubes in reducing aspiration. However, clinical data are needed in critically ill patients to confirm this hypothesis. Polyurethane-cuffed tracheal tubes and continuous control of cuff pressure could be beneficial in preventing microaspiration and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). However, large multicenter studies are needed before recommending their routine use. Cuff pressure should be maintained between 20 and 30 cmH2O to prevent intubation-related complications. Tracheal ischemia could be prevented by manual or continuous control of cuff pressure.
The wider economic impacts of high-skilled migrants: a survey of the literature for receiving countries
Authors: Nathan Max 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In recent years, the economics of migration literature has shown a substantial growth in papers exploring host country impacts beyond the labour market. Specifically, researchers have begun to shift their attention from labour market and fiscal changes, towards exploring what we might call ‘the wider effects of migration’ on the production and consumption sides of the economy – and the role of high-skilled migrants in these processes. This paper surveys the emerging ‘wider impacts’ literature, including studies from the US, European and other countries. It sets out some simple, non-technical frameworks, discusses the empirical findings and identifies avenues for future research.

JEL codes

G23; G24; J15; J61; L5; L26; M12; M13; O31; O32; R11
Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition improves memory and reduces total tau levels in a mouse model of tau deposition
Authors: Selenica Maj-Linda , Benner Leif , Housley Steven B , Manchec Barbara , Lee Daniel C , Nash Kevin R , Kalin Jay , Bergman Joel A , Kozikowski Alan , Gordon Marcia N , Morgan Dave 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Tau pathology is associated with a number of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Few treatments have been demonstrated to diminish the impact of tau pathology in mouse models and none are yet effective in humans. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an enzyme that removes acetyl groups from cytoplasmic proteins, rather than nuclear histones. Its substrates include tubulin, heat shock protein 90 and cortactin. Tubastatin A is a selective inhibitor of HDAC6. Modification of tau pathology by specific inhibition of HDAC6 presents a potential therapeutic approach in tauopathy.

Methods
We treated rTg4510 mouse models of tau deposition and non-transgenic mice with tubastatin (25 mg/kg) or saline (0.9%) from 5 to 7 months of age. Cognitive behavior analysis, histology and biochemical analysis were applied to access the effect of tubastatin on memory, tau pathology and neurodegeneration (hippocampal volume).

Results
We present data showing that tubastatin restored memory function in rTg4510 mice and reversed a hyperactivity phenotype. We further found that tubastatin reduced the levels of total tau, both histologically and by western analysis. Reduction in total tau levels was positively correlated with memory improvement in these mice. However, there was no impact on phosphorylated forms of tau, either by histology or western analysis, nor was there an impact on silver positive inclusions histologically.

Conclusion
Potential mechanisms by which HDAC6 inhibitors might benefit the rTg4510 mouse include stabilization of microtubules secondary to increased tubulin acetylation, increased degradation of tau secondary to increased acetylation of HSP90 or both. These data support the use of HDAC6 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents against tau pathology.
Early mobilization of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Abrams Darryl , Javidfar Jeffrey , Farrand Erica , Mongero Linda B , Agerstrand Cara L , Ryan Patrick , Zemmel David , Galuskin Keri , Morrone Theresa M , Boerem Paul , Bacchetta Matthew , Brodie Daniel 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Critical illness is a well-recognized cause of neuromuscular weakness and impaired physical functioning. Physical therapy (PT) has been demonstrated to be safe and effective for critically ill patients. The impact of such an intervention on patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has not been well characterized. We describe the feasibility and impact of active PT on ECMO patients.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 100 consecutive patients receiving ECMO in the medical intensive care unit of a university hospital.

Results
Of the 100 patients receiving ECMO, 35 (35%) participated in active PT; 19 as bridge to transplant and 16 as bridge to recovery. Duration of ECMO was 14.3 ± 10.9 days. Patients received 7.2 ± 6.5 PT sessions while on ECMO. During PT sessions, 18 patients (51%) ambulated (median distance 175 feet, range 4 to 2,800) and 9 patients were on vasopressors. Whilst receiving ECMO, 23 patients were liberated from invasive mechanical ventilation. Of the 16 bridge to recovery patients, 14 (88%) survived to discharge; 10 bridge to transplant patients (53%) survived to transplantation, with 9 (90%) surviving to discharge. Of the 23 survivors, 13 (57%) went directly home, 8 (35%) went to acute rehabilitation, and 2 (9%) went to subacute rehabilitation. There were no PT-related complications.

Conclusions
Active PT, including ambulation, can be achieved safely and reliably in ECMO patients when an experienced, multidisciplinary team is utilized. More research is needed to define the barriers to PT and the impact on survival and long-term functional, neurocognitive outcomes in this population.
Do men perform better than women in trauma?
Authors: Hernández-Tejedor Alberto , García-Fuentes Carlos , Alted-López Emilio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn recent decades, numerous studies have compared survival according to gender of patients admitted to general hospitals and particularly to intensive care units. In a previous issue of Critical Care, Schoeneberg and colleagues presented the results of a German observational study on a sample from a 10 year registry in a Level 1 trauma center. The conclusion is that there is a trend towards a higher mortality in women than in men.
Genome-wide discovery and characterization of maize long non-coding RNAs
Authors: Li Lin , Eichten Steven R , Shimizu Rena , Petsch Katherine , Yeh Cheng-Ting , Wu Wei , Chettoor Antony M , Givan Scott A , Cole Rex A , Fowler John E , Evans Matthew M S , Scanlon Michael J , Yu Jianming , Schnable Patrick S , Timmermans Marja C P , Springer Nathan M , Muehlbauer Gary J 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that are 200 bp or longer, do not encode proteins, and potentially play important roles in eukaryotic gene regulation. However, the number, characteristics and expression inheritance pattern of lncRNAs in maize are still largely unknown.

Results
By exploiting available public EST databases, maize whole genome sequence annotation and RNA-seq datasets from 30 different experiments, we identified 20,163 putative lncRNAs. Of these lncRNAs, more than 90% are predicted to be the precursors of small RNAs, while 1,704 are considered to be high-confidence lncRNAs. High confidence lncRNAs have an average transcript length of 463 bp and genes encoding them contain fewer exons than annotated genes. By analyzing the expression pattern of these lncRNAs in 13 distinct tissues and 105 maize recombinant inbred lines, we show that more than 50% of the high confidence lncRNAs are expressed in a tissue-specific manner, a result that is supported by epigenetic marks. Intriguingly, the inheritance of lncRNA expression patterns in 105 recombinant inbred lines reveals apparent transgressive segregation, and maize lncRNAs are less affected by cis- than by trans-genetic factors.

Conclusions
We integrate all available transcriptomic datasets to identify a comprehensive set of maize lncRNAs, provide a unique annotation resource of the maize genome and a genome-wide characterization of maize lncRNAs, and explore the genetic control of their expression using expression quantitative trait locus mapping.
Bernard Lazare: Du Franco-Judaïsme Au Prophétisme Romantique
Authors: Debrauwere-Miller Nathalie 
Published: February 2014

Bernard Lazare est une figure historique dont le nom évoque avant tout la cause dreyfusarde. Et pourtant, pendant l’Affaire Dreyfus (1894-1906), bien qu’il se lance à corps perdu en faveur du capitaine Dreyfus au nom de son identité juive, il est délaissé par la judaïcité française. Certains intellectuels de son temps, tels Charles Péguy, tentent de lui rendre hommage, mais il faut attendre les écrits d’Hannah Arendt pour que soit reconnue à sa juste valeur sa conception de la judéité et son implication politique. Dans cet essai, il s’agira donc d’étudier cette figure insolite qui passa de l’assimilation au nationalisme juif, en analysant précisément sa francité choyée, son rapport à la judaïcité avant et après l’Affaire Dreyfus, son rejet du franco-judaïsme après y avoir adhéré, sa judéité perdue puis reconquise, et son sionisme idéalisé par sa mission prophétique. L’itinéraire juif de Lazare se révèle bien singulier et, néanmoins, propre au contexte historique de la France de la fin-de-siècle. Car son parcours complexe représente le paradoxe de la république française où l’identité nationale est prise simultanément entre l’universalisme républicain et le particularisme identitaire.
Bernard Lazare is a historical figure remembered mainly as a “Dreyfusard,” yet he was a complex figure who was unheralded by the French Jewish community during his life-time. Though he was acknowledged by some notable intellectuals (such as Charles Péguy), it was only later thanks to Hannah Arendt that his conception of Jewish identity and its political implications would become widely recognized. At first Lazare was a partisan of the Franco-Judaism theory but later founded a French Jewish nationalism movement in opposition to Theodor Herzl. This essay recapitulates the complexity of this historical figure who embodies the paradoxes of French Jewish identity (between particularism and universalism) in the context of the Third Republic of late nineteenth-century France. It also explores how Lazare became a utopian nationalist. In so doing, it analyzes his so-called metamorphosis during the Dreyfus affair (1894-1906), his idealized Zionism, and his romantic prophetism that, according to Charles Péguy, place him among the most important Jewish figures of his time.
A Lieu D’histoire, a Lieu de Mémoire, and a Lieu de Vie: The Multidirectional Potential of the Cité De La Muette
Authors: Hansen Alise 
Published: February 2014

An innovative social housing project located in the banlieue of Drancy and rooted in the garden city tradition and modernism, the Cité de la Muette constitutes a significant landmark in the history of early twentieth-century urban planning and architecture. As a former internment camp and deportation center, it is also an important site of Holocaust memory. Simultaneously, the cité is a place where some five hundred residents currently live. Drawing on Michael Rothberg’s concept of multidirectional memory, this article brings together intertwined stories of architecture, atrocity, and everyday life to paint a more nuanced picture of the Cité de la Muette’s past and present. After exploring the cité’s threefold identity as a lieu d’histoire, a lieu de mémoire, and a lieu de vie, I ask whether this place can accommodate multiple narratives and foster dialogue between difficult histories that carry critical social and political implications for the present and future.
Un ensemble de logements sociaux situé dans la banlieue de Drancy qui trouve ses racines dans la cité-jardin et le modernisme, la Cité de la Muette est une étape significative dans l’histoire de l’urbanisme et de l’architecture du XXe siècle. En tant qu’ancien camp d’internement et de déportation, c’est aussi un lieu important de la mémoire de la Shoah. En même temps, la cité est un lieu où habitent de nos jours presque cinq cents gens. S’inspirant du concept de « multidirectional memory » élaboré par Michael Rothberg, cet article rassemble les histoires entremêlées de l’architecture, de l’atrocité, et de la vie quotidienne afin de créer une image plus nuancée de la Cité de la Muette, du passé comme du présent. Après avoir étudié l’identité triple de la cité comme un lieu d’histoire, un lieu de mémoire, et un lieu de vie, j’examine si cet endroit peut accueillir les histoires multiples et encourager un dialogue entre celles, difficiles, qui possèdent des implications sociales et politiques pour le présent et l’avenir.
Finite Winding (H2O)12 Chain Stabilized by One-Dimensional Coordination Polymer
Authors: Noro Shin-ichiro , Hasegawa Kei , Kubo Kazuya , Nakamura Takayoshi 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The one-dimensional Zn(II) coordination polymer, {[Zn2(chdc)2(mepy)4]·6H2O}n (1⊃6H2O, chdc: trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate and mepy: 4-methylpyridine), stabilized unique water aggregate, finite winding (H2O)12 chains.
A Note on Income Effects and Health Care Cost Growth in Medicare
Authors: McGuire Thomas G. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This paper sets out a model of technical change and health care cost growth for a representative Medicare beneficiary facing a budget constraint. Derivation of an explicit expression for health care cost growth shows how technological change and preferences, including income effects, affect cost growth. The analysis highlights the role of the 76% subsidy from current taxpayers to Medicare beneficiaries for purchase of health insurance. This subsidy insulates beneficiaries from the income effects of cost growth by shifting the costs and income effects to taxpayers. Simulations show that over the next 10–20 years, income effects will have little effect on cost growth in Medicare.
Humanitäre Intervention und internationale Gerichtsbarkeit – Verflechtung militärischer und juristischer Implementierungsmaßnahmen zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Klose Fabian 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The origins of the phenomena of international jurisdiction and humanitarian intervention can already be found in the beginning of the nineteenth century. The article combines both topics and shows that these two concepts are directly related to one another. Beginning with the international ban of the slave trade in 1815 the analysis focuses on the corresponding implementation machinery created under the leadership of Great Britain. This machinery consisted of a hitherto unique combination of military and juridical measures which were directly dependent on each other. The main argument of the article is that the geneses of the concept of international jurisdiction and humanitarian intervention are significantly entangled with each other and both of their origins lie in the fight against the transatlantic slave trade in the beginning of the nineteenth century.
Deutsche militärische Ausbildungshilfe im Kalten Krieg: Nationalchinas Offiziere in der Bundeswehr 1964–1973
Authors: Chen Chern 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
During the Cold War the Bonn government always insisted on the »principle of non-involvement« in its China policy, in order to maintain strict neutrality in the continuous conflicts in the Far East. For strategic and intelligence considerations, however, the Federal Intelligence Service and the Federal Ministry of Defense had tried to intensify the relations with National China. The contacts between Bonn and Taipei developed to a military training aid, which the Federal Ministry of Defense granted National Chinese officers for training purposes into the Federal Republic. In the period 1964 to 1973, a total of 27 National Chinese army officers were trained in the German Armed Forces schools and the Führungsakademie.
The German military training aid was considered not only as a starting point of a diplomatic break-through, but also as a means to break the political ice age which resulted from the lack of diplomatic relations between West Germany and National China in the post-war period.
Regime-switching cointegration
Authors: Jochmann Markus , Koop Gary 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe develop methods for Bayesian inference in vector error correction models which are subject to a variety of switches in regime (e.g., Markov switches in regime or structural breaks). An important aspect of our approach is that we allow both the cointegrating vectors and the number of cointegrating relationships to change when the regime changes. We show how Bayesian model averaging or model selection methods can be used to deal with the high-dimensional model space that results. Our methods are used in an empirical study of the Fisher effect.
Phytophthora Root Rot Resistance in Soybean E00003
Authors: Zhang Zhongnan , Hao Jianjun , Yuan Jiazheng , Song Qijian , Hyten David L. , Cregan Perry B. , Zhang Guorong , Gu Cuihua , Li Ming , Wang Dechun 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPhytophthora root rot (PRR) is a devastating disease in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production. Michigan elite soybean E00003 is resistant to Phytophthora sojae and has been used as a resistance source in breeding. Genetic control of PRR resistance in this source is unknown. To facilitate marker‐assisted selection (MAS), the PRR resistance loci in E00003 and their map locations need to be determined. In this study, a genetic mapping approach was used to identify major PRR‐resistant loci in E00003. The mapping population consists of 240 F4–derived lines developed by crossing E00003 with the P. sojae susceptible line PI 567543C. In 2009 and 2010, the mapping population was evaluated in the greenhouse for PRR resistance against P. sojae races 1, 4, and 7, using modified rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain inoculation method. The population was genotyped with seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) and three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from bulk segregant analysis. The heritability of resistance in the population ranged from 83 to 94%. A major locus, contributing 50 to 76% of the phenotypic variation, was mapped within a 3 cM interval in the Rps1 region. The interval was further saturated with more BARCSOY SSRs and SNPs with TaqMan assays. Two SSRs and three SNPs within the Rps1k gene were highly associated with PRR resistance in the mapping population. The major resistance gene in E00003 is either allelic or tightly linked to Rps1k. The molecular markers located in the Rps1k gene can be used to improve MAS for PRR resistance.
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Sucrose Content in Soybean Seed
Authors: Zeng A. , Chen P. , Shi A. , Wang D. , Zhang B. , Orazaly M. , Florez‐Palacios L. , Brye K. , Song Q. , Cregan P. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSucrose is a desirable sugar in soybean seed that affects the quality of soyfoods and feed; therefore, soybean cultivars with high sucrose would be valuable for soyfood and soybean meal markets. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seed sucrose content using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that can be used for indirect selection in breeding. A low sucrose line, MFS‐553, was crossed with a high sucrose plant introduction, PI 243545, to develop an F2–derived QTL mapping population. A total of 626 SSR primers covering 20 soybean chromosomes were used to screen the parents and 209 SSR markers were polymorphic. The polymorphic SSR markers were used to genotype 220 F2:3 lines. Subsequently, a total of 94 F3:4 lines derived from the initial F2:3 population were genotyped with 5361 SNP markers spanning 20 chromosomes, of which 2016 were polymorphic. Seed from the F2:3, F3:5, and F3:6 lines were analyzed for sucrose using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Following the linkage map construction, composite interval mapping (CIM) and multiple interval mapping (MIM) were performed to locate sucrose QTL. Three novel QTLs for seed sucrose were mapped to chromosomes 5, 9, and 16, accounting for 46, 10 and 8%, respectively, of the phenotypic variation for sucrose content. SSR and SNP markers linked to these QTLs can be used for marker assisted selection (MAS) in breeding soybean lines with the desired sugar profile.