bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agonistic sounds and swim bladder morphology in a malapterurid electric catfish
Authors: Boyle K. S. , Bolen G. , Parmentier E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSeveral catfish families possess an elastic spring apparatus (ESA) morphology that is assumed to function as a swim bladder drumming sound production mechanism. Although they have an ESA, drumming sounds in the electric catfish (Malapteruridae) have not been described. We have recorded several different sound types in Malapterurus beninensis and we examined the morphology of the swim bladder, the ESA and the ultrastructure of the protractor muscle. The protractor muscle contains small rounded muscle fibers with abundant mitochondria, narrow myofibrils, elaborated sarcoplasmic reticula and sometimes sarcoplasmic cores. Contractions of the protractor muscle should pull the Müllerian ramus (MR) and attached swim bladder anteriorly. Further, the MR possesses an anterior fulcrum that abuts upon the vertebral complex. Several sound types were elicited during agonistic interactions in the laboratory. We observed ratchet, click train and mouth sounds. Mouth sounds are single event, low‐frequency (mean dominant frequency 176 Hz) sounds that coincide with a bite‐like motion. Ratchet and click sounds are high‐frequency (mean dominant frequency 1568 and 3739 Hz, respectively) and occur in trains. Ratchet and click train sound characteristics are not indicative of a muscle‐driven drumming sound predicted by ESA morphology. We propose several hypotheses for these sound production mechanisms. Click sounds, in particular, could result from gas movement through the neck between the anterior and posterior swim bladder chambers.
The prognostic value of histopathological grading systems in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Sawazaki‐Calone I , Rangel ALCA , Bueno AG , Morais CF , Nagai HM , Kunz RP , Souza RL , Rutkauskis L , Salo T , Almangush A , Coletta RD 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the association of four histopathological grading systems (WHO grading system, malignancy grading of the deep invasive margins (MG), histological risk (HR) model, and tumor budding and depth of invasion (BD) model) with clinicopathological parameters and outcome of 113 oral squamous cell carcinomas to identify their roles in prognosis.MethodsDemographic and clinical features were obtained from patients' records. Sections from all paraffin‐embedded blocks were evaluated according to the four grading systems. Demographic and clinical associations were analyzed using chi‐square test, and correlations between the grading systems were established with the Spearman's rank correlation test. Survival curves were performed with Kaplan–Meier method, and multivariate analysis based on Cox proportional hazard model was calculated.ResultsSignificant associations with survival were observed for WHO grading system and BD model in the univariate analysis, but only the BD model was significantly associated with disease outcome as an independent prognostic marker. Age, tumor size, and presence of regional metastasis were also independent markers of reduced survival.ConclusionA significant association between the BD model and outcome of OSCC patients was observed, indicating this new histopathological grading system as a possible prognostic tool.
New insights into an RNAi approach for plant defence against piercing‐sucking and stem‐borer insect pests
Authors: Li Haichao , Guan Ruobing , Guo Huimin , Miao Xuexia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInsect double‐stranded (ds)RNA expression in transgenic crops can increase plant resistance to biotic stress; however, creating transgenic crops to defend against every insect pest is impractical. Arabidopsis Mob1A is required for organ growth and reproduction. When Arabidopsis roots were soaked in dsMob1A, the root lengths and numbers were significantly suppressed and plants could not bolt or flower. Twenty‐four hours after rice roots were immersed in fluorescent‐labelled dsEYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein), fluorescence was observed in the rice sheath and stem and in planthoppers feeding on the rice. The expression levels of Ago and Dicer in rice and planthoppers were induced by dsEYFP. When rice roots were soaked in dsActin, their growth was also significantly suppressed. When planthoppers or Asian corn borers fed on rice or maize that had been irrigated with a solution containing the dsRNA of an insect target gene, the insect's mortality rate increased significantly. Our results demonstrate that dsRNAs can be absorbed by crop roots, trigger plant and insect RNAi and enhance piercing‐sucking and stem‐borer insect mortality rates. We also confirmed that dsRNA was stable under outdoor conditions. These results indicate that the root dsRNA soaking can be used as a bioinsecticide strategy during crop irrigation.
Immunostimulatory potential and proteome profiling of Leishmania donovani soluble exogenous antigens
Authors: Kumar A. , Samant M. , Misra P. , Khare P. , Sundar S. , Garg Ravendra , Dube A. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIsolation of the soluble exogenous antigens (SEAgs), its immune response study and proteome profiling is an essential prerequisite for understanding the molecular pathogenesis of Leishmania donovani. The immunostimulatory potential of L. donovani SEAgs, purified from culture of L. donovani clinical isolate, was evaluated for their ability to induce cellular responses in treated/cured hamsters. SEAgs induced significant proliferative responses in lymphocytes (SI 5·6 ± 2·3; P < 0·01) isolated from cured hamster. In addition, significant NO production in response to SEAgs was also noticed in macrophages of hamsters, mouse and human cell lines (J774A‐1 and THP1). Western blot analyses with antibodies against proteophosphoglycan (PPG; surface‐expressed and secreted molecule) of L. donovani revealed that PPG molecules are also present in L. donovani SEAgs. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteome analysis of 12 protein bands of SEAgs through MALDI‐TOF/TOF endorsed the identification of some Th1‐stimulatory immunogenic proteins. These immunogenic proteins may offer increased hope for the discovery of new promising vaccine candidates against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The overall results suggest that immunostimulatory molecules are present in the SEAgs, which may be further exploited, for developing a subunit vaccine against VL a fatal human disease.
New insights into radiata pine seedling root infection by Fusarium circinatum
Authors: Martín‐Rodrigues N. , Sanchez‐Zabala J. , Salcedo I. , Majada J. , González‐Murua C. , Duñabeitia M. K. 
Published: March 2015

Pine root infection by Fusarium circinatum has been reported in the literature, but the underlying pathogenic interaction is poorly understood. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged F. circinatum isolate, together with confocal microscopy, was used in order to monitor the events associated with root infection of Pinus radiata seedlings. It was found that in order to reach and successfully infect pine roots, F. circinatum employed features that are similar to those previously described for other root‐infecting pathogens, such as mycelial strands, single runner hyphae and simple hyphopodia as well as other features that are reminiscent of those that are known to be involved in biotrophic invasion, such as bulbous invasive hyphae and filamentous invasive hyphae. Abundant sporulation was observed at the root surface as well as inside tracheids both in roots and in the root collar region. The fungus can spread from the roots to the aerial parts of the plant, and once there, colonization appears to be similar to the process that occurs when the pathogen is inoculated in the stem. Wilting symptoms and plant demise may be the result of a reduction in water uptake by roots and of the blockage of the vascular system by fungal hyphae and resin.
Evolutionary dynamics of retrotransposons following autopolyploidy in the Buckler Mustard species complex
Authors: Bardil Amélie , Tayalé Alexandre , Parisod Christian 
Published: March 2015

SummaryLong terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR‐RTs) represent a major fraction of plant genomes, but processes leading to transposition bursts remain elusive. Polyploidy expectedly leads to LTR‐RT proliferation, as the merging of divergent diploids provokes a genome shock activating LTR‐RTs and/or genetic redundancy supports the accumulation of active LTR‐RTs through relaxation of selective constraints. Available evidence supports interspecific hybridization as the main trigger of genome dynamics, but few studies have addressed the consequences of intraspecific polyploidy (i.e. autopolyploidy), where the genome shock is expectedly minimized. The dynamics of LTR‐RTs was thus here evaluated through low coverage 454 sequencing of three closely related diploid progenitors and three independent autotetraploids from the young Biscutella laevigata species complex. Genomes from this early diverging Brassicaceae lineage presented a minimum of 40% repeats and a large diversity of transposable elements. Differential abundances and patterns of sequence divergence among genomes for 37 LTR‐RT families revealed contrasted dynamics during species diversification. Quiescent LTR‐RT families with limited genetic variation among genomes were distinguished from active families (37.8%) having proliferated in specific taxa. Specific families proliferated in autopolyploids only, but most transpositionally active families in polyploids were also differentiated among diploids. Low expression levels of transpositionally active LTR‐RT families in autopolyploids further supported that genome shock and redundancy are non‐mutually exclusive triggers of LTR‐RT proliferation. Although reputed stable, autopolyploid genomes show LTR‐RT fractions presenting analogies with polyploids between widely divergent genomes.
Group health education in inpatient rehabilitation: Patients’ role perceptions
Authors: Schöpf Andrea C , Ullrich Antje , Nagl Michaela , Farin Erik 
Published: March 2015

Objective: Group health education is an important aspect of medical rehabilitation. While interaction and active involvement are important characteristics of group health education, little is known about patients’ understanding of their role in this form of education. This study explored patients’ understanding of their role in group health education as part of inpatient rehabilitation. Design: Qualitative, in-depth study. Setting: Six orthopaedic rehabilitation facilities in Germany. Methods: A total of 30 patients participated in six focus groups, and data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Findings reveal a complex picture concerning patient role both during and after group health education. Participants expected that patients should fulfil an active patient role and be good patients, but also said that some patients did not always comply with these expectations. Participants perceived that personal, group health education–related and environmental factors can affect the fulfilment of their role. Conclusion: Group health education should not be seen in isolation but in the context of the complex network of personal, group health education–related and environmental factors. Engagement with these factors can contribute to patients’ fulfilment of an active patient role and sustainable success after rehabilitation.
What makes successful entrepreneurs different in temporal and goal-commitment dimensions?
Authors: Przepiorka Aneta 
Published: March 2015

Purpose The article is an attempt to identify, with respect to temporal and goal-commitment dimension (effort, persistence, goal satisfaction), the characteristics of entrepreneurs in different stages of the entrepreneurial process (the prelaunch and postlaunch phases) and to indicate the differences between entrepreneurs and nonentrepreneurs. Methodology To answer this question, data from three samples were collected. Actual ( N = 127) and nascent ( N = 344) entrepreneurs filled questionnaires: the Scale of Entrepreneurial Success, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and Goal Questionnaire. These two groups were compared to participants either not interested in opening their own business or showing low intention to start their business ( N = 475). Findings The results showed that both types of entrepreneurs were more future-oriented and perceived their presence less fatalistically than the group not interested in becoming entrepreneurs. Additionally, entrepreneurs put in more effort, were more persistent in pursuing their goals, and derived more satisfaction from their goals.
Chinese nurses’ perceived barriers and facilitators of ethical sensitivity
Authors: Huang Fei Fei , Yang Qing , Zhang Jie , Khoshnood Kaveh , Zhang Jing Ping 
Published: March 2015

Background: An overview of ethical sensitivity among Chinese registered nurses is needed to develop and optimize the education programs and interventions to cultivate and improve ethical sensitivity. Aim: The study was conducted to explore the barriers to and facilitators of ethical sensitivity among Chinese registered nurses working in hospital settings. Research design: A convergent parallel mixed-methods research design was adopted. Participants and research context: In the cross-sectional quantitative study, the Chinese Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire–revised version was used to assess the levels of ethical sensitivity among registered nurses, and the scores were correlated with key demographics, training experiences in ethics, and workplace cultural environments ( n = 306). In the qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were used to elicit the nurses’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators in nurturing ethical sensitivity ( n = 15). The data were collected from February to June 2014. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Yale University and Central South University. Results: Despite moderately high overall Chinese Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire–revised version scores, the ethical sensitivity among Chinese nurses lags in practice. Barriers to ethical sensitivity include the lack of knowledge related to ethics, lack of working experience as a nurse, the hierarchical organizational climate, and the conformist working attitude. The positive workplace cultural environments and application of ethical knowledge in practice were considered potential facilitators of ethical sensitivity. Discussion: The findings of this study were compared with studies from other countries to examine the barriers and facilitators of ethical sensitivity in Chinese nurses. Conclusion: This mixed-methods study showed that even though the Chinese nurses have moderately high sensitivity to the ethical issues encountered in hospitals, there is still room for improvement. The barriers to and facilitators of ethical sensitivity identified here offer new and important strategies to support and enhance the nurses’ sensitivity to ethical issues.
Green Space, Violence, and Crime
Authors: Bogar Sandra , Beyer Kirsten M. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To determine the state of evidence on relationships among urban green space, violence, and crime in the United States. Methods and Results: Major bibliographic databases were searched for studies meeting inclusion criteria. Additional studies were culled from study references and authors’ personal collections. Comparison among studies was limited by variations in study design and measurement and results were mixed. However, more evidence supports the positive impact of green space on violence and crime, indicating great potential for green space to shape health-promoting environments. Conclusion: Numerous factors influence the relationships among green space, crime, and violence. Additional research and standardization among research studies are needed to better understand these relationships.
Pink hypopyon in a patient with Serratia marcescens corneal ulceration
Authors: Stefater James A , Borkar Durga S , Chodosh James 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A 65-year-old woman presented to the emergency ward at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary with 2 days of redness, irritation, photophobia, and diminished vision in her left eye. She was found to have a large central corneal ulcer with a small hypopyon. On the following day, after initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the patient had improved symptoms but now had a 2-mm hypopyon that was distinctly pink in color. Cultures were positive for Serratia marcescens. A pink hypopyon, a rare occurrence, alerted the authors to a causative agent of Enterobacteriacae, either Klebsiella or Serratia. Immediate and intensive treatment was subsequently initiated.
Reconstructing a comprehensive transcriptome assembly of a white-pupal translocated strain of the pest fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae
Authors: Sim Sheina B , Calla Bernarda , Hall Brian , DeRego Theodore , Geib Scott M 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
Bactrocera cucurbitae is a serious global agricultural pest. Basic genomic information is lacking for this species, and this would be useful to inform methods of control, damage mitigation, and eradication efforts. Here, we have sequenced, assembled, and annotated a comprehensive transcriptome for a mass-rearing sexing strain of this species. This forms a foundational genomic and transcriptomic resource that can be used to better understand the physiology and biochemistry of this insect as well as being a useful tool for population genetics.

Findings
A transcriptome assembly was constructed containing 17,654 transcript isoforms derived from 10,425 unigenes. This transcriptome size is similar to reports from other Tephritid species and probably includes about 70-80% of the protein-coding genes in the genome. The dataset is publicly available in NCBI and GigaDB as a resource for researchers.

Conclusions
Foundational knowledge on the protein-coding genes in B. cucurbitae will lead to improved resources for this species. Through comparison with a model system such as Drosophila as well as a growing number of related Tephritid transcriptomes, improved strategies can be developed to control this pest
Fewer than three percent of land plant species named by women: Author gender over 260 years
Authors: Lindon Heather L. , Gardiner Lauren M. , Brady Abigail , Vorontsova Maria S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHow has women's contribution to science developed over multiple generations? We present the first quantitative analysis of the role played by women in publishing botanical species names, and the first complete analysis of women's contribution to a field of science with a timeframe of more than 260 years. The International Plant Names Index and The Plant List were used to analyse the contribution of female authors to the publication of land plant species names. Authors of land plant species were automatically assigned as male or female using Wikipedia articles and manual research. Female authors make up 12.20% of the total number of authors, and they published 2.82% of names. Half of the female authors published 1.5 or more names, while half the male authors published 3 or more names. Female contribution has accounted for more than 1% of new species names since 1900, and now stands at 11.97%. The difference in productivity between male and female authors has declined over time, and female authors are now 80% as productive as their male counterparts. In spite of botany's traditional image as a feminine pursuit, women's contribution was not significantly reflected in species authorship until the twentieth century, around the same time as in other branches of science.
Adubação foliar e via substrato no desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de bromélia imperial
Authors: MORAES CARNEIRO DANIELLA NOGUEIRA , DE OLIVEIRA PAIVA PATRÍCIA DUARTE , RESENDE ANDRADE SANTA CECÍLIA ÉRICA , FLÁVIO CARNEIRO LEANDRO , PAIVA RENATO 
Published: March 2015

<p>As bromélias têm sido muito utilizadas em projetos paisagísticos, por sua beleza e resistência, destacando-se a bromélia-imperial (<em>Alcantarea imperialis), </em>espécie bastante usada em paisagismo. Apesar da importância dessas espécies ornamentais, o conhecimento sobre adubação ainda é restrito. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adubação com boro e zinco em substrato e via foliar sobre o desenvolvimento de mudas de bromélia-imperial. As mudas foram plantadas em vasos de 1 dm3 contendo substrato composto por casca de arroz carbonizada (50%) e terra de subsuperfície (50%). Foram testados 8 tratamentos: presença e ausência de adubação via substrato, adubação foliar com boro (1g L-1 de H2BO3), zinco (1g L-1 de ZnSO4), boro associado ao zinco (nas mesmas concentrações) além da testemunha, constituindo fatorial 2x4. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas sete meses após a implantação do experimento observando-se o incremento de altura, número de folhas por planta, largura das folhas e diâmetro médio das rosetas. Observou-se que o fornecimento de B+Zn proporcionou menor incremento na altura e largura das folhas. Menor número de folhas formadas nas mudas foi constatado quando as adubações com B ou B+Zn foram realizadas, não havendo diferenças entre elas. Menor diâmetro da roseta foi observado em plantas cultivadas com adubação via substrato. Observou-se também a ocorrência de necrose nas pontas das folhas das bromélias em conseqüência da adubação foliar. Verificou-se que as plantas tratadas com boro apresentaram maior incidência dessas necroses nas folhas.</p>
Características ornamentais de plantas do Bioma Pampa
Authors: TEMPEL STUMPF ELISABETH , MARIA ROMANO CATIA , LÍA BARBIERI ROSA , HEIDEN GUSTAVO , ZITZKE FISCHER SÍNTIA , BRISOLARA CORRÊA LAUÍS 
Published: March 2015

<p>O resultado da herança genética confere às plantas características específicas, que se revelam em elementos como forma, cor ou textura. Em alguns casos, esse conjunto de características expõe atributos estéticos que conferem qualidades ornamentais. O Bioma Pampa apresenta uma grande diversidade de espécies nativas, com características que sinalizam potencial para uso no paisagismo. A inserção dessas plantas em cultivos comerciais e sua posterior utilização são formas efetivas de colaborar com a conservação <em>ex situ</em>, divulgação e valorização da flora nativa. Com base nesse cenário, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar espécies nativas do Bioma Pampa, na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, que apresentem elementos estéticos apropriados para o paisagismo, além de organizar as informações sobre suas características ornamentais. Foram descritos a forma, o hábito de crescimento, a textura, o aroma e a cor das estruturas de maior valor ornamental, e indicadas as possibilidades de uso. As espécies descritas foram <em>Campomanesia aurea, Colletia paradoxa</em>, <em>Daphnopsis racemosa</em>, <em>Eriocaulon magnificum</em>,<em> Maytenus muelleri</em>, <em>Schinus lentiscifolius</em>, <em>Scoparia ericacea</em>, <em>Senecio bonariensis </em>e<em> Solanum granulosoleprosum</em>. </p>