bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Stress Fracture Injuries Among US High School Athletes, 2005-2006 Through 2012-2013
Authors: Changstrom Bradley G. , Brou Lina , Khodaee Morteza , Braund Cortney , Comstock R. Dawn 
Published: December 2014

Background: High school athletes in the United States sustain millions of injuries annually, approximately 10% of which are fractures. However, there is no clear estimate of the number of stress fractures sustained by high school athletes annually despite reports that stress fractures account for 0.7% to 20% of injuries seen in sports medicine clinics. This suggests a high utilization of resources for a potentially preventable injury. In addition, stress fractures have been associated with low energy availability and disordered eating in young athletes, highlighting the importance of early recognition and intervention. Purpose: To investigate stress fracture rates and patterns in a large national sample of US high school athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study. Methods: Data from High School RIO (Reporting Information Online), a national sports injury surveillance study, were analyzed to describe rates and patterns of stress fracture injury sustained from 2005-2006 through 2012-2013, across sports and by sex. Results: From 2005-2006 through 2012-2013, a total of 51,773 injuries were sustained during 25,268,873 athlete-exposures, of which 389 (0.8%) were stress fractures, resulting in an overall stress fracture rate of 1.54 per 100,000 athlete-exposures. Rates per 100,000 athlete-exposures were highest in girls’ cross country (10.62), girls’ gymnastics (7.43), and boys’ cross country (5.42). In sex-comparable sports, girls sustained more stress fractures (63.3%) than did boys (36.7%) and had higher rates of stress fracture (2.22 vs 1.27; rate ratio, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.38-2.23). The most commonly injured sites were the lower leg (40.3% of all stress fractures), foot (34.9%), and lower back/lumbar spine/pelvis (15.2%). Management was nonsurgical in 98.7% of the cases, and 65.3% of injuries resulted in ≥3 weeks of time loss, medical disqualification, or an end to the season before athletes could return to play. Conclusion: Although a rare injury, stress fractures cause considerable morbidity for high school athletes of both sexes. Future research should evaluate risks of stress fractures to drive development of targeted prevention efforts.
An arthroscopic-assisted minimal invasive method for the reconstruction of the scapho-lunate ligament using a bone–ligament–bone graft
Authors: Dellarosa N. , Ozben H. , Abate M. , Russomando A. , Petrella G. , Landi A. 
Published: December 2014

We report the outcomes of an arthroscopic-assisted minimally invasive technique to reconstruct the scapho-lunate ligament using a bone–ligament–bone graft in 11 patients (11 wrists). The mean follow-up time was 29 months (range 20 to 38). The preoperative mean wrist flexion, extension, grip strength and patient-rated wrist evaluation score values were 61°, 54°, 115 N and 54, respectively. The postoperative mean values were 64°, 58°, 142 N and 15, respectively. There were no statistical differences between the pre- and postoperative wrist flexion and extension, whereas changes in grip strength and patient-rated wrist evaluation score were significant. Scapho-lunate angles decreased significantly from 69° to 60°. Based on our clinical outcomes, this method provides a reliable alterative for the reconstruction of the scapho-lunate ligament in patients with persistent Geissler type 3 and 4 lesions in the short-term. Level of evidence: IV
Critical role for thymic CD19+CD5+CD1dhiIL-10+ regulatory B cells in immune homeostasis
Authors: Xing Chen , Ma Ning , Xiao He , Wang Xiaoqian , Zheng Mingke , Han Gencheng , Chen Guojiang , Hou Chunmei , Shen Beifen , Li Yan , Wang Renxi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that besides the spleen, LNs, peripheral blood, and thymus contain a regulatory IL-10-producing CD19+CD5+CD1dhigh B cell subset that may play a critical role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Indeed, this population was identified in the murine thymus, and furthermore, when cocultured with CD4+ T cells, this population of B cells supported the maintenance of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in vitro, in part, via the CD5–CD72 interaction. Mice homozygous for Cd19Cre (CD19−/−) express B cells with impaired signaling and humoral responses. Strikingly, CD19−/− mice produce fewer CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and a greater percentage of CD4+CD8− and CD4−CD8+ T cells. Consistent with these results, transfer of thymic CD19+CD5+CD1dhi B cells into CD19−/− mice resulted in significantly up-regulated numbers of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs with a concomitant reduction in CD4+CD8− and CD4−CD8+ T cell populations in the thymus, spleen, and LNs but not in the BM of recipient mice. In addition, thymic CD19+CD5+CD1dhi B cells significantly suppressed autoimmune responses in lupus-like mice via up-regulation of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and IL-10-producing Bregs. This study suggests that thymic CD19+CD5+CD1dhiIL-10+ Bregs play a critical role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
Resistance and Change: A Multiple Streams Approach to Understanding Health Policy Making in Ghana
Authors: Kusi-Ampofo Owuraku , Church John , Conteh Charles , Heinmiller B. Timothy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlthough much has been written on health policy making in developed countries, the same cannot be said of less developed countries, especially in Africa. Drawing largely on available historical and government records, newspaper publications, parliamentary Hansards, and published books and articles, this article uses John W. Kingdon's multiple streams framework to explain how the problem, politics, and policy streams converged for Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) to be passed into law in 2003. The article contends that a change in government in the 2000 general election opened a “policy window” for eventual policy change from “cash-and-carry” to the NHIS.
From Coverage to Care: Addressing the Issue of Churn
Authors: Milligan Charles 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In any given year, a significant number of individuals will move between Medicaid and qualified health plans (QHP). Known as “churn,” this movement could disrupt continuity of health care services, even when no gap in insurance coverage exists. The number of people who churn in any given year is significant, and they often are significant utilizers of health care services. They could experience disruption in care in several ways: (1) changing carrier; (2) changing provider because of network differences; (3) a disruption in ongoing services, even when the benefit is covered in both programs (e.g., surgery that has been authorized but not yet performed; ongoing prescription medications for chronic illness; or some but not all therapy or counseling sessions have been completed); and (4) the loss of coverage for a service that is not a covered benefit in the new program. Many strategies are available to states to reduce the disruption caused by churn. The specific option, intervention, and set of policies in a given state will depend on its context. Policy makers would benefit from an examination and discussion of these issues.
Addressing Medicaid/Marketplace Churn Through Multimarket Plans: Assessing the Current State of Play
Authors: Rosenbaum Sara 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Both before and after the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the US health insurance system is characterized by fragmentation. Pre-ACA, this fragmentation included major coverage gaps, causing significant periods of coverage interruption, especially for lower-income people. The ACA does not end the problem of churning among sources of public financing, but it does hold the potential for enabling people to move among sources of coverage rather than go without insurance. Several strategies for reducing coverage churn exist, but none is foolproof and all are in their early stages. Thus the ability of issuers to participate across multiple public financing arrangements and to offer stable provider networks becomes crucial to achieving continuity of care. Interviews with nine companies involved in developing or operating multimarket strategies confirm the feasibility of this approach while revealing major challenges, especially the challenge of finding providers willing to treat members regardless of the source of coverage. Strategies for increasing multimarket plans and networks represent one of the great areas of future policy and operational focus.
Near-Field Explosion Effects on the Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Columns: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Abladey Lawrence , Braimah Abass 
Published: December 2014

The high incidence of global terrorism and accidental explosions have highlighted the vulnerability of built infrastructure to blast loading. Thus, owners of iconic structures are looking for ways to protect their critical assets from the effects of explosions. Many of the research efforts, in this light, have been devoted to the effects of far-field explosions on structural elements. The effects of near-field explosions on structural elements, especially columns, have not been as widely investigated. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive research program designed to investigate the effects of near-field explosions on the behaviour of reinforced concrete columns designed and detailed for regions of different levels of seismicity. The numerical study shows that reinforced concrete columns subjected to blast loading from higher explosive charge masses have higher deflections than those subjected to blast loading from lower charge masses, but at the same scaled distance. Also, the effect of closely spaced transverse reinforcement is significant at smaller scaled distances. Thus, reinforced concrete columns designed and detailed for areas of high seismicity have an inherently high blast resistance.
Primeira Ocorrência de Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) no Estado de Sergipe
Authors: Santana Antônio César da Silva , Dantas de Araujo Catarina Zita , Novaes José Rocha Prudente de , Santos Maria da Glória Mendes dos , Santana Waltemir Souza 
Published: December 2014

O mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), vetor de várias arboviroses, foi registrado pela primeira vez no estado de Sergipe, Brasil, no município de Areia Branca, localizado no centro-leste, nas coordenadas 10°45'29”S e 37°18'45”W e a 36 km da capital Aracaju. A primeira larva de Ae. albopictus foi coletada na 32ª semana epidemiológica de 2011, no Povoado Terra Preta de Cima durante as atividades de Controle de Qualidade do Programa de Controle da Febre Amarela e da Dengue (PCFAD). Mais tarde, na 50ª semana epidemiológica de 2012, foi encontrada mais uma larva de Ae. albopictus, desta vez no Povoado Manilha de Baixo. Em seguida, no Povoado Garangau (10º44'55”S e 37º29'40”W) a 28 km da sede do município de Campo do Brito foram capturadas três larvas e duas pupas de Ae. albopictus durante revisão semanal de amostras do PCFAD, ou seja, na 47ª semana epidemiológica de 2012. Dessa forma, procuramos mostrar a importância do Controle de Qualidade para os Programas de Controle de Endemias nos estados e no Brasil, visando à efetivação de providências rápidas e eficientes para a prevenção e o controle de doenças veiculadas por mosquitos.
First Occurrence of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus in the State of Sergipe, Brazil

Abstract. The mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), a vector for several arboviral diseases, was recorded for the first time in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, in the municipality of Areia Branca, located in the central-eastern part of the state at the coordinates 10°45'29"S and 37°18'45"W and 36 km from the state capital, Aracaju. The first larva of Ae. albopictus was collected in the 32nd epidemiological week of 2011, in the settlement of Terra Preta de Cima and was identified systematically in the Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN-SE) during quality control activities within the yellow fever and dengue control program (PCFAD). In the 50th epidemiological week of 2012, another larva of Ae. albopictus was found, this time in the settlement of Manilha de Baixo. In the neighboring municipality of Campo do Brito, three larvae and two pupae of Ae. Albopictus were found in the settlement of Garangau (10º44'55"S and 37º29'40"W), 28 km from the main center of the municipality. As in the abovementioned records, systematic identification was only made at a late stage, given that the samples from the 47th epidemiological week of 2012 arrived at LACEN/SE in January, 2013. This technical note serves alert public health managers to the importance of quality control for endemic disease control programs, with the aim of effecting rapid and efficient control and prevention measures for mosquito-borne diseases.
Hybrid Newton-type methods for reconstructing sound-soft obstacles from a single far field
Authors: Wang Zewen , Li Xiaoxia , Xia Yun 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The inverse scattering problem considered in this paper is to reconstruct multiple sound-soft obstacles from one incident wave and its far field pattern. Based on the ideas of the Kirsch–Kress method and the hybrid Newton method, three variant Newton-type methods are developed for reconstructing the shape of multiple obstacles. The proposed hybrid Newton-type methods I and II can choose auxiliary curves adaptively, and do not require them to be contained in the unknown multiple obstacles. The proposed hybrid Newton-type method III is simpler than the hybrid Newton method developed by Kress in terms of computational complexity since it adopts quasi-Newton iterations in numerical reconstructions. Results of numerical examples show that the proposed methods, especially the one with both adaptively choosing auxiliary curves and quasi-Newton iterations, are more efficient and stable for reconstructing multiple obstacles.
Fibonacci – Protagonist or Witness? Who Taught Catholic Christian Europe about Mediterranean Commercial Arithmetic?
Authors: Høyrup Jens 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLeonardo Fibonacci (ca. 1170 - after 1240) during his boyhood went to Bejaïa, learned about the Hindu-Arabic numerals there, and continued to collect information about their use during travels to the Arabic world. He then wrote the Liber abbaci, which with half a century’s delay inspired the creation of Italian abbacus mathematics, later adopted in Catalonia, Provence, Germany etc. Hindu- Arabic numerals, and Arabic mathematics, was thus transmitted through a narrow and unique gate. This piece of conventional wisdom is well known - too well known to be true, indeed. There is no doubt, of course, that Fibonacci learned about Arabic (and Byzantine) commercial arithmetic, and that he presented it in his book. He is thus a witness (with a degree of reliability which has to be determined) of the commercial mathematics thriving in the commercially developed parts of the Mediterranean world. However, much evidence - presented both in his own book, in later Italian abbacus books and in similar writings from the Iberian and the Provençal regions - shows that the Liber abbaci did not play a central role in the later adoption. Romance abbacus culture came about in a broad process of interaction with Arabic non-scholarly traditions, at least until ca. 1350 within an open space, apparently concentrated around the Iberian region.
A Troupe of Six Terracotta Acrobat Figurines found in a Votive Pit at Thmuis
Authors: Bennett James E. 
Published: December 2014

Summary
Excavations by the University of Hawaii at the Greco-Roman City of Thmuis in 2011 unearthed a group of fragmentary acrobat terracotta figurines in a votive pit located up on the central portion of the tell in grid square R-13 in the heart of the ancient city. Examination of the terracottas and the material from within the pit showed that these figurines dated to the Late Hellenistic Period or the Early Roman Period. They were subsequently ritually deposited in a pit within an abandoned structure around the second half of the 1st Century A.D. The acrobats are modelled in classical Greek style and form part of the genre of figurines and scenes representing Africans that were popular in Egypt during the Greco-Roman Period. These terracotta figurines are the first example of this terracotta mould series to be found in Egypt depicting this pose.
Interactions of Two Fragments of the Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 with Zwitterionic and Anionic Lipid Monolayers
Authors: Dannehl Claudia , Brezesinski Gerald , Möhwald Helmuth 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The interactions of two fragments of the human antimicrobial LL-37
(LL-32 and LL-20) with lipid monolayers at the soft liquid/air
interface have been characterized. To model the interaction with
mammalian cell membranes, lipid monolayers composed of the
zwitterionic DPPC and DOPC were used. To investigate the interaction
with bacterial cell membranes, lipid monolayers of anionic DPPG and
POPG were used. DPPC and DPPG exhibit a first-order phase transition
from the disordered liquid to the ordered condensed state, whereas
POPG and DOPC monolayers are in the fluid disordered state at all
surface pressures studied. Therefore, the influence of the monolayer
phase state on peptide-lipid interactions can be studied. To obtain
insight into the peptide structure and their influence on phospholipid
membranes, film balance measurements were coupled with surface
sensitive Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy (IRRAS). The
results were compared to CD measurements in bulk.
LL-32 is more surface active and can better intercalate into lipid
monolayers than LL-20. Even though LL-32 has no cell-selectivity, our
results show how the peptide interacts differently with zwitterionic
compared to anionic membrane models. The interaction with DPPC
monolayers is based on simple intercalation of the peptides between
the lipid molecules. However, the peptides bind in a two-step process
to DPPG monolayers, which results in a fluidization of the lipid
film. This can be related to a membrane thinning.
Prediction of root damaging during mechanical shaking of fruit trees
Authors: Láng Z. 
Published: December 2014

The possible effect of shaker harvest on root damage of 10-year-old cherry trees was studied on a simple tree structure model. The model was composed of elastic trunk and rigid main roots, the ends of which were connected to the surrounding soil via springs and dumping elements. Equations were set up to be able to calculate the relation between shaking height on the trunk and strain in the roots. To get the data for root break and their elongation at different shaking heights on the trunk, laboratory and field experiments were carried out on cherry trees and on their roots. Having evaluated the measured and calculated data it could be concluded that root damage is to be expected even at 3.6% strain and the risk of it increases with increased trunk amplitudes, i.e.with the decrease of shaking heightat smaller stem diameters (i.e. in younger plantation), andif the unbalanced mass of the shaker machine is too large for the given tree size.
Evaluation and Management of the Pediatric Thyroid Nodule
Authors: Guille Jeremy T. , Opoku-Boateng Adwoa , Thibeault Susan L. , Chen Herbert 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThyroid nodules are commonly diagnosed in adults. Although rare in children, the risk for thyroid cancer is much higher in the pediatric population compared with adults. Presenting as either a solitary nodule or a multinodular goiter, thyroid nodular disease in children requires a thorough workup that includes a detailed clinical examination comprised of prior history of thyroid disease in the patient or in their family, history of radiation exposure, careful palpation of the thyroid and lymph nodes, blood tests, ultrasonography, and cytological assessment. Thyroid surgery is the gold-standard treatment for pediatric thyroid nodules; nonetheless, the extent of surgery remains controversial. Because surgery is not without risk, the decision matrix necessitates focus on the benefits of surgery for the child contingent upon all the preoperative exams. New diagnostic technology such as molecular testing with fine needle aspiration biopsy may help distinguish between benign and malignant lesions while potentially decreasing surgery for benign disease. The objective of this review is to summarize new concepts in clinical disease management of nodular thyroid disease in the pediatric population, including patient history, medical examination, and diagnosis workup.
Chemotherapy Dose Adjustment for Obese Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Survey on Behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Shem-Tov Noga , Labopin Myriam , Moukhtari Leila , Ciceri Fabio , Esteve Jordi , Giebel Sebastian , Gorin Norbert-Claude , Schmid Christopher , Shimoni Avichai , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background.
Appropriate chemotherapy dosing for obese patients with malignant diseases is a significant challenge because limiting chemotherapy doses in these patients may negatively influence outcome. There is a paucity of information addressing high-dose chemotherapy in obese patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods.
The Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) designed an electronic survey to assess current practice of dose adjustment of chemotherapy in obese patients undergoing HSCT.

Results.
A total of 56 EBMT centers from 27 countries responded to the online survey. Overall, 45 centers declared that they routinely adjust chemotherapy doses for obese patients (80.5%), and only 11 (19.5%) declared they do not adjust dose. Among the former group, most used body mass index as the parameter for defining obesity (28 centers, 62%). The method for determining the weight for chemotherapy calculation was actual body weight (ABW) in 16 centers, ideal body weight (IBW) in 10 centers, IBW plus 25% of the difference between IBW and ABW in 16 centers, and other methods for the rest. Among centers that used dose adjustment, 44% also capped the dose at 2 m2 for a chemotherapy dose based on body surface area (BSA), whereas 56% did not cap. Interestingly, most of the centers (9 of 11) that did not adjust dose for weight also did not cap the BSA at 2 m2.

Conclusion.
This EBMT survey revealed large diversity among transplant centers regarding dose-adjustment practice for high-dose conditioning chemotherapy. Our next step is to analyze outcomes of transplantation according to dose-adjustment practice and, subsequently, to formulate a methodology for future prospective studies.