bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Method for Flexible Heat Exchanger Network Design under Severe Operation Uncertainty
Authors: Zheng K. , Lou H. H. , Wang J. , Cheng F. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMost investigations on heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis which plays an important role in improving the efficiency of industrial plants, focus on deterministic conditions whereas operational flexibility and feasibility are less concerned. In the real industrial world, each system experiences various disturbances due to changes in stream temperature, flow rate, and other uncertain factors. An approach for flexible HEN synthesis under severe operation uncertainty is proposed, which is represented by the Probability bounds analysis (PBA) theory and is sampled by a double‐loop sampling method. A case study, which generates a better solution with less total annual cost and good flexibility under severe uncertainty, demonstrates the capability of this simplified approach.
Probing Spatial Distribution of Alignment by Deuterium NMR Imaging
Authors: Trigo‐Mouriño Pablo , Merle Christian , Koos Martin R. M. , Luy Burkhard , Gil Roberto R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDeuterium NMR imaging was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of the degree of alignment in different types of alignment media by monitoring the deuterium quadrupolar splitting using spatially resolved NMR techniques in conventional liquid state NMR instruments. These images allow the unambiguous distinction of magnetic field and alignment inhomogeneities present in partially aligned samples, revealing the underlying reasons for linebroadening within an alignment medium that cannot be explained by the sole analysis of 1D 2H NMR spectra. For example, alignment inhomogeneities due to broken gels or the presence of concentration gradients in liquid crystalline solutions are clearly detected by the imaging methods proposed in this work.
Fractionation of Ni, Cr and Cu from Soil by Sequential Extraction Procedure and Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Akkus Sukran , Bal Tulin , Karaaslan Nagihan M. , Yaman Emre , Kilinc Ersin , Yaman Mehmet 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFive‐step sequential extractions were employed to fractionation of Ni, Cr and Cu in soil polluted by anthropogenic activities and determine the mobility of the metals. Twelve samples were collected on an agricultural area that was located near an airport and intercity roads in Elazig‐Turkey. Exchangeable, organically bounded, carbonate bounded, adsorbed species on Fe and Mn oxides and residual species (except silicates) of Ni, Cr and Cu were extracted into solution by using CaCl2, Na4P2O7, Na2EDTA, NH2OH–HCl and HNO3–H2O2, respectively. Mobile metal concentrations in fractions and total recoverable in soils were determined by using inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). Total recoverable Ni, Cr and Cu concentrations were in the range of 40–119, 45–126 and 23–72 mg kg−1, respectively. It was observed that total concentrations of metals in some of the samples were higher than the permitted values. The sum of the mobile percentages of metals was found to be lower than 50%. The Ni, Cr and Cu percentages for exchangeable species are in the ranges of 0.18–1.64, 0.03–0.59 and 0.42–2.53%, respectively.
The Preparation and Characterization of a Laccase Nanogel and Its Application in Naphthoquinone Synthesis
Authors: Jia Honghua , Zhong Chao , Huang Fan , Wang Chunming , Jia Lisha , Zhou Hua , Wei Ping 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLaccase from Trametes versicolor 51639 was encapsulated on the nanoscale. The laccase nanogel was prepared by polyacrylamide encapsulation as a result of N‐acryloxysuccinimide modification and in situ polymerization. Size‐exclusion chromatography, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the laccase nanogel. Higher thermal, pH, and storage stability and organic‐solvent tolerance of the laccase nanogel were indicated without activity loss. Moreover, the laccase nanogel was used to synthesize naphthoquinones from hydroquinones with a 10–15 % greater overall yield than that of native laccase.
Double diffusive convection of a micropolar fluid saturated in a sparsely packed porous medium
Authors: Liu I‐Chung , Umavathi J.C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study examines the double diffusive convection of a sparsely packed micropolar fluid‐saturated porous medium by using a linear stability analysis. The Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model is employed for the porous fluid layer. The stability criterion is sought analytically with the simple free‐free, iso‐thermal, and iso‐solutal boundary conditions. The dependence of stationary or oscillatory convection on the porous parameter, Lewis number, solutal Rayleigh number, and parameters involved in micropolar fluids is drawn and discussed. The results show that the critical wave number is found to be insensitive to the variation of governing parameters except for the porous parameter. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21052
Hydrolysis profiling: An in vitro methodology to predict in vivo absorption time
Authors: Fitz Benjamin D. , Jamiolkowski Dennis D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn in vitro method was developed for estimating in vivo degradation time of sutures made from synthetic bioresorbable polyesters. Model compounds and a number of commercially available bioresorbable suture products were used to establish the applicability of this hydrolysis profile methodology. Hydrolysis profiles on tested bioresorbable sutures were determined as a function of size and chemical composition. This method of accelerated absorption testing may shorten product development time and reduce the need for animal testing. In addition, the methodologies presented have the potential to provide insight into the loss of mechanical properties with time. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
Optimized quantification of diffusional non‐gaussianity in the human brain
Authors: Kristoffersen Anders 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo test the performance of three existing models of diffusional non‐Gaussianity and introduce a new model.Materials and MethodsQuantitative measures of diffusional non‐Gaussianity provide clinically useful information. Three‐parameter mathematical models are particularly relevant, because they assign one parameter to non‐Gaussianity, one to diffusivity and one to the signal in the absence of diffusion weighting. One such model is the cumulant expansion, where the logarithm of the signal is approximated by a Taylor series. Convergence may be blocked by singularities in the complex b‐plane. To overcome this problem, we replace the Taylor series by a Padé approximant, which can model singularities. The resulting signal model is denoted the Padé exponent model. Analyzing diffusion‐weighted brain data from four volunteers, we compare the performance of the Padé exponent model with the statistical model, the stretched exponential model and the cumulant expansion. With voxelwise hypothesis testing, we calculate the fraction of voxels where the models fail to describe the data.ResultsWith 16 b‐values in the range [0,5000] s/mm2, the fractions of rejected voxels in white / gray matter are: statistical model, 41 / 20%; stretched exponential model, 68 / 16.6%; cumulant expansion, 58 / 37%; Padé exponent, 5.2 / 16.1%. The parameters of the Padé exponent model do not depend strongly on the range of measured b‐values.ConclusionThe Padé exponent model describes non‐Gaussian diffusion data with high precision over a wide range of b‐values. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1434–1444. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fat fraction bias correction using T1 estimates and flip angle mapping
Authors: Yang Issac Y. , Cui Yifan , Wiens Curtis N. , Wade Trevor P. , Friesen‐Waldner Lanette J. , McKenzie Charles A. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo develop a new method of reducing T1 bias in proton density fat fraction (PDFF) measured with iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least‐squares estimation (IDEAL).Materials and MethodsPDFF maps reconstructed from high flip angle IDEAL measurements were simulated and acquired from phantoms and volunteer L4 vertebrae. T1 bias was corrected using a priori T1 values for water and fat, both with and without flip angle correction. Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) maps were used to measure precision of the reconstructed PDFF maps. PDFF measurements acquired using small flip angles were then compared to both sets of corrected large flip angle measurements for accuracy and precision.ResultsSimulations show similar results in PDFF error between small flip angle measurements and corrected large flip angle measurements as long as T1 estimates were within one standard deviation from the true value. Compared to low flip angle measurements, phantom and in vivo measurements demonstrate better precision and accuracy in PDFF measurements if images were acquired at a high flip angle, with T1 bias corrected using T1 estimates and flip angle mapping.ConclusionT1 bias correction of large flip angle acquisitions using estimated T1 values with flip angle mapping yields fat fraction measurements of similar accuracy and superior precision compared to low flip angle acquisitions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:217–223. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uterine Vasculature Remodeling in Human Pregnancy Involves Functional Macrochimerism by Endothelial Colony Forming Cells of Fetal Origin
Authors: Sipos Peter I. , Rens Willem , Schlecht HÉlène , Fan Xiaohu , Wareing Mark , Hayward Christina , Hubel Carl A. , Bourque Stephane , Baker Philip N. , Davidge Sandra T. , Sibley Colin P. , Crocker Ian P. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The potency of adult-derived circulating progenitor endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) is drastically surpassed by their fetal counterparts. Human pregnancy is associated with robust intensification of blood flow and vascular expansion in the uterus, crucial for placental perfusion and fetal supply. Here, we investigate whether fetal ECFCs transmigrate to maternal bloodstream and home to locations of maternal vasculogenesis, primarily the pregnant uterus. In the first instance, endothelial-like cells, originating from mouse fetuses expressing paternal eGFP, were identified within uterine endothelia. Subsequently, LacZ or enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-labeled human fetal ECFCs, transplanted into immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) fetuses on D15.5 pregnancy, showed similar integration into the mouse uterus by term. Mature endothelial controls (human umbilical vein endothelial cells), similarly introduced, were unequivocally absent. In humans, SRY was detected in 6 of 12 myometrial microvessels obtained from women delivering male babies. The copy number was calculated at 175 [IQR 149–471] fetal cells per millimeter square endothelium, constituting 12.5% of maternal vessel lumina. Cross-sections of similar human vessels, hybridized for Y-chromosome, positively identified endothelial-associated fetal cells. It appears that through ECFC donation, fetuses assist maternal uterine vascular expansion in pregnancy, potentiating placental perfusion and consequently their own fetal supply. In addition to fetal growth, this cellular mechanism holds implications for materno-fetal immune interactions and long-term maternal vascular health.
A patient tumor transplant model of squamous cell cancer identifies PI3K inhibitors as candidate therapeutics in defined molecular bins
Authors: Keysar Stephen B. , Astling David P. , Anderson Ryan T. , Vogler Brian W. , Bowles Daniel W. , Morton J. Jason , Paylor Jeramiah J. , Glogowska Magdalena J. , Le Phuong N. , Eagles-Soukup Justin R. , Kako Severine L. , Takimoto Sarah M. , Sehrt Daniel B. , Umpierrez Adrian , Pittman Morgan A. , Macfadden Sarah M. , Helber Ryan M. , Peterson Scott , Hausman Diana F. , Said Sherif , Leem Ted H. , Goddard Julie A. , Arcaroli John J. , Messersmith Wells A. , Robinson William A. , Hirsch Fred R. , Varella-Garcia Marileila , Raben David , Wang Xiao-Jing , Song John I. , Tan Aik-Choon , Jimeno Antonio 
Published: April 2013

Targeted therapy development in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is challenging given the rarity of activating mutations. Additionally, HNSCC incidence is increasing related to human papillomavirus (HPV). We sought to develop an in vivo model derived from patients reflecting the evolving HNSCC epidemiologic landscape, and use it to identify new therapies. Primary and relapsed tumors from HNSCC patients, both HPV+ and HPV−, were implanted on mice, giving rise to 25 strains. Resulting xenografts were characterized by detecting key mutations, measuring protein expression by IHC and gene expression/pathway analysis by mRNA‐sequencing. Drug efficacy studies were run with representative xenografts using the approved drug cetuximab as well as the new PI3K inhibitor PX‐866. Tumors maintained their original morphology, genetic profiles and drug susceptibilities through serial passaging. The genetic makeup of these tumors was consistent with known frequencies of TP53, PI3KCA, NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 mutations. Because the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab is a standard HNSCC therapy, we tested its efficacy and observed a wide spectrum of efficacy. Cetuximab‐resistant strains had higher PI3K/Akt pathway gene expression and protein activation than cetuximab‐sensitive strains. The PI3K inhibitor PX‐866 had anti‐tumor efficacy in HNSCC models with PIK3CA alterations. Finally, PI3K inhibition was effective in two cases with NOTCH1 inactivating mutations. In summary, we have developed an HNSCC model covering its clinical spectrum whose major genetic alterations and susceptibility to anticancer agents represent contemporary HNSCC. This model enables to prospectively test therapeutic‐oriented hypotheses leading to personalized medicine.
An elementary differential extension of odd K-theory
Authors: Tradler Thomas , Wilson Scott O. , Zeinalian Mahmoud 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThere is an equivalence relation on the set of smooth maps of a manifold into the stable unitary group, defined using a Chern-Simons type form, whose equivalence classes form an abelian group under ordinary block sum of matrices. This construction is functorial, and defines a differential extension of odd K-theory, fitting into natural commutative diagrams and exact sequences involving K-theory and differential forms. To prove this we obtain along the way several results concerning even and odd Chern and Chern-Simons forms.
Activity patterns of the water opossum Chironectes minimus in Atlantic Forest rivers of south-eastern Brazil
Authors: de Souza Leite Melina , Queiroz Thiago Lopes , Galliez Maron , de Mendonça Patrícia Pinto , Fernandez Fernando A. S. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:The activity of the water opossum Chironectes minimus was studied in Atlantic forest rivers in south-eastern Brazil using radiotracking, from October 2004 to October 2008. There were 439 nocturnal fixes of 11 males and four females. Activity patterns of the water opossum were compared among sexes and seasons, using linear and generalized linear mixed models. The water opossum is active mostly at night, showing a unimodal pattern, with activity increasing after sunset and decreasing thereafter along the night. Females were more active in the first quarter of the night and males in the second one. The activity period of males was longer in the dry season, while for females it was longer in the wet season. Sex and season were important determinants of the water opossum activity patterns, mainly because of different sex strategies in a promiscuous/polygynous mating system. However, despite those influences the overall distribution of activity along the night was similar to most Neotropical marsupials. Therefore, similarities in the activity patterns are probably due to phylogenetic constraints and to the absence or weakness of selective pressures modifying the activity of the water opossum.
‘When I Marry a Mohammedan’: Migration and the Challenges of Interethnic Marriages in Post-War Germany
Authors: WOESTHOFF JULIA 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDiscussions about intermarriage between foreign Muslim men and German Christian women from the 1950s to the 1970s shaped concepts of Islam, gender and difference found in more recent integration debates. Those insisting on inherent incompatibilities between Germans and Turks since the 1970s have drawn on these tropes developed decades earlier. Yet the post-war context differed from the later period in three important ways: the Muslim foreigners were students and interns, not guestworkers; it was German Christian women (not foreign Muslim women in Germany) who were the presumed victims of Muslim men; and it was principally national church institutions that formulated the language about difference.
Training Addiction Professionals in Empirically Supported Treatments: Perspectives from the Treatment Community
Authors: Hartzler Bryan , Rabun Carl 
Published: April 2013

Background Large-scale dissemination efforts seek to expand opportunities for the addiction treatment community to receive training in empirically supported treatments (ESTs). Prospective consumers of such training are valuable sources of input about content of interest, preferences for how training events are structured, and obstacles that deter receipt of training. Methods In this mixed-method study, data were collected in 64 semistructured individual interviews with personnel during site visits to 16 community opioid treatment programs (OTPs). At each OTP, interviews were completed with the executive director, a clinical supervisor, and 2 direct-service clinicians. Topical interests were analyzed qualitatively in a cultural domain analysis. Likert ratings of training event preferences were analyzed via generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), and unstructured interviewee comments were analyzed via narrative analysis. Obstacles to training receipt were analyzed qualitatively with both content coding and narrative analysis. Results Based on topics of reported interest, cultural domain analysis suggests as ESTs of note: Multidimensional Family Therapy, Motivational Enhancement Therapy, Relapse Prevention Therapy, “Seeking Safety,” and broad addiction-focused pharmacotherapy. Regarding training event preferences, GLMMs and narrative analysis revealed clear preferences for time-distributed trainings and use of participatory activities (e.g., trainer demonstrations, role plays, small group exercises). Content coding identified cost as the primary obstacle to receipt of EST trainings, followed by lack of time, logistical challenges, and disinterest, and narrative analysis elaborated on contextual issues underlying these obstacles. Conclusions As primary consumers of EST technologies, the treatment community has valuable input to offer. Dissemination efforts may be enhanced by greater consideration of their preferences for training content and event structure, as well as practical obstacles that challenge their receipt of training.
Effects of different instructional constraints on task performance and emergence of coordination in children
Authors: Chow Jia Yi , Koh Michael , Davids Keith , Button Chris , Rein Robert 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine the impact of different instructional constraints on standing board jump (sbj) performance in children and understand the underlying changes in emergent movement patterns. Two groups of novice participants were provided with either externally or internally focused attentional instructions during an intervention phase. Pre‐ and post‐test sessions were undertaken to determine changes to performance and movement patterns. Thirty‐six primary fourth‐grade male students were recruited for this study and randomly assigned to either an external, internal focus or control group. Different instructional constraints with either an external focus (image of the achievement) or an internal focus (image of the act) were provided to the participants. Performance scores (jump distances), and data from key kinematic (joint range of motion, ROM) and kinetic variables (jump impulses) were collected. Instructional constraints with an emphasis on an external focus of attention were generally more effective in assisting learners to improve jump distances. Intra‐individual analyses highlighted how enhanced jump distances for successful participants may be concomitant with specific changes to kinematic and kinetic variables. Larger joint ROM and adjustment to a comparatively larger horizontal impulse to a vertical impulse were observed for more successful participants at post‐test performance. From a constraints‐led perspective, the inclusion of instructional constraints encouraging self‐adjustments in the control of movements (i.e., image of achievement) had a beneficial effect on individuals performing the standing broad jump task. However, the advantage of using an external focus of attentional instructions could be task‐ and individual‐specific.
Roles of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Transducer OASIS in Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Authors: Chen Yu , Yang Haisong , Miao Jinhao , Liu Xiaowei , Wang Xinwei , Chen Deyu 
Published: April 2013

Study Design:
In vitro molecular research on the posterior longitudinal ligament fibroblasts.

Objective:
To investigate different expression of old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS) between spinal ligament fibroblasts from the patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and from non-OPLL patients and demonstrate knockdown of OASIS protein expression by RNA interference inhibiting expression of type I collagen (COL I) in OPLL cells.

Summary of Background Data:
OPLL is characterized by ectopic bone formation in spinal ligaments. Some evidence indicates that ligament fibroblasts from OPLL patients have osteogenic characteristics. However, the relevant intracellular signaling pathways remain unclear.

Methods:
Spinal ligament cells were cultured using tissue fragment cell culture and identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The mRNA expression of osteoblast-specific genes of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and COL I were detected in OPLL and non-OPLL cells by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of OASIS was detected by Western blotting. And then, after 72 hours, when RNA interference against OASIS was performed in OPLL cells, expression of the osteoblast-specific genes was compared again between the transfection group and the nontransfection group.

Results:
Spinal ligament fibroblasts were observed 7 to 10 days after cell culture. Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence exhibited positive results of vimentin staining. The mRNA expressions of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and COL I and protein expressions of OASIS from OPLL cells were significantly greater than those from non-OPLL cells. In addition, knockdown of OASIS protein expression inhibited the mRNA expressions of COL I remarkably in the transfection group compared with the nontransfection group, at 72 hours after RNA interference targeting OASIS was performed in OPLL cells.

Conclusions:
The cultured fibroblasts from OPLL patients exhibited osteogenic characteristics, and OASIS expression plays an important role in the development of OPLL through the expression of COL I.