bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient method for calculating the moments of multidimensional growth processes in population balance systems
Authors: Dürr Robert , Kienle Achim 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMultidimensional growth processes play an important role in many fields of applications, such as crystallization processes and cell culture engin‐ eering. The numerical solution of the corresponding multivariate population balance equations is quite challenging as standard discretization‐based methods are not efficient for high dimensional problems. For this reason, the distribution dynamics is often characterized by its moments. However, the moment dynamics generally cannot be calculated in closed form. Existing approximation techniques cannot be implemented efficiently in the multivariate framework, in particular for high dimensional problems. This contribution presents an alternative methodology for the efficient approximate computation of moments for multidimensional growth processes using Monomial Cubatures and the Method of Characteristics (MOC). The procedure will be shown to reproduce the moments accurately for one‐ and two‐dimensional examples which feature nonlinear growth rates and coupling to a continuous phase, respectively. Furthermore numerical effort and accuracy will be analyzed for a five‐dimensional benchmark problem.
Evaluation of the stability and pharmacokinetics of cabazitaxel‐loaded intravenous lipid microspheres: Beneficial effect of cholesterol
Authors: Shao Yanjie , Li Shuang , Tian Bin , Su Linlin , Zhang Chungang , Wang Yueqi , Tang Xing , Wang Yanjiao 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this work, we describe the evaluation of the stability and pharmacokinetics of cabazitaxel‐loaded lipid microspheres (CTX‐LM) prepared by high‐pressure homogenization. Investigation of the physicochemical stability under different homogenization cycles and diverse sterilization times confirmed that 8 cycles at 800 bar and 121°C for 8 min were the optimal technological parameters. The beneficial effect of cholesterol on the physical stability of CTX‐LM was confirmed and its mechanism of action was identified. The stability of CTX‐LM using an aqueous isotonic glucose solution as a diluting agent was greater compared with using 0.9% NaCl solution as a result of an electric charge effect. CTX‐LM are stable under freeze‐thaw conditions and should not be exposed to high temperatures and protected from light during storage. Furthermore, all the changes in parameters were within an acceptable range at 4°C within 9 months, which supported the good long‐term stability of CTX‐LM. Finally, to compare the pharmacokinetics of CTX‐LM with cabazitaxel‐solution in vivo, a rapid, accurate UPLC‐MS/MS method was developed and used to determine cabazitaxel in rat plasma after a single intravenous administration of 4 mg/kg. An obviously larger area under the curve (AUC) of CTX‐LM was observed than that of CTX‐solution, which will improve the antitumor efficacy of cabazitaxel.Practical applications: As a novel semisynthetic taxane, cabazitaxel has shown antitumour activity in a broad range of cell‐lines and tumor models and has been approved in combination with prednisone for the treatment of patients with castration‐resistant metastatic prostate cancer. However, serious undesirable effects in humans, such as anaphylactoid hypersensitivity reactions and peripheral neuropathy were produced by the addition of polysorbate 80 to commercial products. In this paper, CTX‐LM was prepared by high‐pressure homogenization in order to overcome the above drawbacks. The good stability and markedly higher AUC of CTX‐LM may hasten their passage from a pre‐clinical phase to a clinical trial phase and allow their production on a large scale.In this paper, cabazitaxel lipid microspheres exhibited a great stability and had a higher AUC than cabazitaxel solution.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Kumada Coupling of Benzyl Chlorides and Vinylogous Derivatives
Authors: Soler‐Yanes Rita , Guisán‐Ceinos Manuel , Buñuel Elena , Cárdenas Diego J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractConditions for the fast Ni‐catalyzed Kumada‐type cross‐coupling of functionalized benzyl and allyl chlorides with alkylmagnesium reagents were discovered. The use of Ni(acac)2–TMEDA (acac = acetylacetonate, TMEDA = N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐1,2‐ethylenediamine) allows the presence of reactive functional groups on the electrophile. On the other hand, the use of diallyl ether was shown to provide fast coupling at low temperature with a low catalyst loading. The reaction seems to follow a radical pathway.
Recent shifts in coastline change and shoreline stabilization linked to storm climate change
Authors: Johnson Jennifer M. , Moore Laura J. , Ells Kenneth , Murray A. Brad , Adams Peter N. , MacKenzie Richard A. , Jaeger John M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSince cuspate coastlines are especially sensitive to changes in wave climate, they serve as potential indicators of initial responses to changing wave conditions. Previous work demonstrates that Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout, North Carolina, which are largely unaffected by shoreline stabilization efforts, have become increasingly asymmetric over the past 30 years, consistent with model predictions for coastline response to increases in Atlantic Ocean summer wave heights and resulting changes in the distribution of wave‐approach angles. Historic and recent shoreline change observations for Cape Fear, North Carolina, and model simulations of coastline response to an increasingly asymmetric wave climate in the presence of beach nourishment, produce comparable differences in shoreline change rates in response to changes in wave climate. Results suggest that the effect of beach nourishment is to compensate for – and therefore to mask – natural responses to wave climate change that might otherwise be discernible in patterns of shoreline change alone. Therefore, this case study suggests that the effects of wave climate change on human‐modified coastlines may be detectable in the spatial and temporal patterns of shoreline stabilization activities. Similar analyses of cuspate features in areas where the change in wave climate is less pronounced (i.e. Fishing Point, Maryland/Virginia) and where local geology appears to exert control on coastline shape (i.e. Cape Canaveral, Florida), suggest that changes in shoreline configuration that may be arising from shifting wave climate are currently limited to sandy wave‐dominated coastlines where the change in wave climate has been most pronounced. However, if hurricane‐generated wave heights continue to increase, large‐scale shifts in patterns of erosion and accretion will likely extend beyond sensitive cuspate features as the larger‐scale coastline shape comes into equilibrium with changing wave conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of oxygen in the polymerization and de‐polymerization of alginate produced by Azotobacter vinelandii
Authors: Flores Celia , Díaz‐Barrera Alvaro , Martínez Fabiola , Galindo Enrique , Peña Carlos 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMicrobial polymers have diverse chemical structures, which determine their functional properties. Many microbial sources produce either intracellular or extracellular biopolymers. For example, Azotobacter vinelandii is a non‐pathogenic soil bacterium that produces alginate, an extracellular polysaccharide. Alginates are used mainly in the food and pharmaceutical industries as stabilizing, thickening, gel‐ or film‐forming agents. Due to its characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability and non‐antigenicity, new applications for alginate are being discovered, such as biomaterial in the biomedical field and tissue engineering.It is well established that alginate is first synthesized as a polymannuronate from its cytosolic precursor. However, the mechanisms involved in the polymerization, modification (acetylation, epimerization and depolymerization) and translocation of alginate have been poorly elucidated. Two of the most important parameters in alginate production by A. vinelandii are dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) and the oxygen supply conditions, as these impact both the polymer concentration and its composition, particularly its molecular weight (MW). Several studies have revealed that increased alginate molecular weight occurs in oxygen limited conditions, specifically at oxygen concentrations near zero. This article reviews recent studies examining the influence of oxygen, under limitation (microaerophilic) and non‐limitation conditions (measured as DOT and oxygen transfer rate, OTR), on the polymerization and degradation of alginate produced by A. vinelandii. This review also provides evidence for understanding these processes at the cellular level and the effect of oxygen on alginate biosynthesis. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Big data, big results: Knowledge discovery in output from large‐scale analytics
Authors: McCormick Tyler H. , Ferrell Rebecca , Karr Alan F. , Ryan Patrick B. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObservational healthcare data, such as electronic health records and administrative claims databases, provide longitudinal clinical information at the individual level. These data cover tens of millions of patients and present unprecedented opportunities to address such issues as post‐market safety of medical products. Analyzing patient‐level databases yields population‐level inferences, or ‘results’, such as the strength of association between medical product exposure and subsequent outcomes, often with thousands of drugs and outcomes. In this article, by contrast, we study ‘big results’, which are the product of applying thousands of alternative analysis strategies to five large patient databases. These results were produced by the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership. All together, there are more than 6 million results, comprising risk assessments for 399 medical product–outcome pairs analyzed across five observational databases using seven statistical methods, each of which has between a few dozen and a few hundred variants representing parameters or ‘tuning variables’. We focus on the value of knowledge discovery methods and the challenges in extracting clinically relevant knowledge from big results. We believe our analyses are both scientifically and methodologically valuable as they reveal information about how methods/algorithms perform under various circumstances, as well as provide a basis for comparison of these methods.
Considering the size and strength of beam‐column joints in the design of RC frames
Authors: Costa Ricardo Joel Teixeira , Providência Paulo , Dias Alfredo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSome experimental research studies have reported that longitudinal reinforcement in beams and columns exhibits larger strains inside the joint than at the joint periphery (defined as the intersection of the outer surfaces of beam and column). This may explain why several technical specifications and state‐of‐the‐art programs recommend basing the design of beams and columns on internal force values larger than those at the joint periphery. These results and procedures are questionable and are investigated in this paper. The non‐linear finite element analysis presented here for reinforced concrete frames under gravity and quasi‐static monotonic lateral loads examines (i) the stress fields in reinforcement inside interior, exterior and roof exterior joints, and (ii) the load‐carrying capacity of representative sub‐frame models incorporating such joints. The results prove that it is actually safe, with respect to the joint load capacity, to base the design of longitudinal reinforcement in beams and columns on the internal force values at the joint periphery. This result also contributes to the recommendation to use real‐size beam‐column joint models in the analysis procedure.
Accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in detecting jejunal and ileal atresia: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Virgone C. , D'Antonio F. , Khalil A. , Jonh R. , Manzoli L. , Giuliani S. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe accuracy of prenatal ultrasound examination in detecting jejunal and ileal atresia has been reported in the literature to be highly variable, at 25–90%. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in detecting non‐duodenal small bowel atresia (ND‐SBA).MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library, including The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), were searched electronically. The overall detection rate of jejunal or ileal atresia using ultrasound was reported. The accuracy of using polyhydramnios and dilated loops of bowel as diagnostic signs was also explored.ResultsSixteen studies involving 640 fetuses were included in this review. The detection rate of ND‐SBA by prenatal ultrasound was highly variable, with values ranging from 10 to 100%, with an overall prediction of 50.6% (95% CI, 38.0–63.2%). When analyzed separately, the detection rates of jejunal and ileal atresia were 66.3%, (95% CI, 33.9–91.8%) and 25.9% (95% CI, 4.0–58.0%), respectively. Both dilated loops of bowel and polyhydramnios as diagnostic signs for ND‐SBA provided a low overall detection rate.ConclusionsThe diagnostic performance of prenatal ultrasound in identifying ND‐SBA is extremely variable. Large studies are needed in order to identify objective and combined criteria for the diagnosis of these anomalies. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Double Cube Polycationic Clusters and CuI Between Covalent and Ionic Bonding in Cu(Sb7Te8)[GaCl4]6
Authors: Eich Andreas , Beck Johannes 
Published: September 2014

Abstract The reaction of antimony telluride with antimony trichloride in a GaCl3‐rich copper(I) tetrachloridogallate melt in the presence of antimony(III) oxide yields Cu(Sb7Te8)[GaCl4]6 (1) as dark‐orange, moisture sensitive crystals. SbCl3 acts as the oxidant, GaCl3 as the reaction medium, which provides the weakly coordinating [GaCl4]– anions. The discrete, double cube shaped (Sb7Te8)5+ clusters show only small distortions from ideal D3d symmetry. A remarkable structural feature is the linear coordination of Cu+ by the Cl atoms of two neighboring [GaCl4]– ions forming a [{CuCl2}–·2GaCl3] entity [d(Cu–Cl) = 2.188(1) Å], which fixes the Cu+ ion in the center of the large cube‐shaped CuCl8 coordination sphere. Single crystal diffraction at different temperatures between 100 and 223 K revealed a large thermal vibration of the Cu+ cation. A solid state phase transition, as observed for the isotypic Na+ and Ag+ congeners, was not found for 1.
Top‐down, bottom‐up, or both? Toward an integrative perspective on operations strategy formation
Authors: Kim Yoon Hee , Sting Fabian J. , Loch Christoph H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOperations strategy is formed via complex processes that transpire in multiple directions at multiple organizational levels. While most previous studies focus on the “macro‐level” process of strategy formation from the dominant top‐down perspective, this study investigates the “micro‐level” process of strategy formation that governs interactions among competitive priorities, objectives, and action plans within operations. Using 111 (59 top‐down and 52 bottom‐up) action plans collected from six German manufacturing plants, we build on Kim and Arnold's (1996) framework and propose an integrated process model of operations strategy formation that encompasses both top‐down planning and bottom‐up learning. We also identify a contingency factor that affects their balance: centralized versus decentralized organizational structure. Finally, based on the analysis of their respective strategic content, we provide evidence concerning the complementary roles of top‐down and bottom‐up action plans in operations strategy.
Management of Chlorine Gas-Related Injuries From the Graniteville, South Carolina, Train Derailment
Authors: Mackie Emily , Svendsen Erik , Grant Stephen , Michels Jill E. , Richardson William H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA widely produced chemical, chlorine is used in various industries including automotive, electronics, disinfectants, metal production, and many others. Chlorine is usually produced and transported as a pressurized liquid; however, as a gas it is a significant pulmonary irritant. Thousands of people are exposed to chlorine gas every year, and while large-scale exposures are uncommon, they are not rare. Symptoms are usually related to the concentration and length of exposure, and although treatment is largely supportive, certain specific therapies have yet to be validated with randomized controlled trials. The majority of those exposed completely recover with supportive care; however, studies have shown the potential for persistent inflammation and chronic hyperreactivity. This case report describes an incident that occurred in Graniteville, South Carolina, when a train derailment exposed hundreds of people to chlorine gas. This report reviews the events of January 6, 2005, and the current treatment options for chlorine gas exposure.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)
Bragg accelerator optimization
Authors: Hanuka Adi , Schächter Levi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We present the first steps of a design of the optimal parameters for a full Bragg X-Ray free electron laser (BX-FEL). Aiming towards a future source of coherent X-ray radiation, operating in the strong Compton regime, we envisage the system to be the seed for an advanced light source or compact medical X-ray source. Here we focus on the design of the accelerator parameters: maximum gradient, optimal accelerated charge, maximum efficiency, and ‘wake coefficient’, which relates to the decelerating electric field generated due to the motion of a charged-line or train of charged-lines. Specifically, we demonstrate that the maximum efficiency has optimal value and given the fluence of the materials, the maximum accelerated charge in the train is constant. These two results might be important in any future design.
Effect of the commercial product Lumance™, a combination of partly esterified organic acids and plant extracts, on the productive performance of broiler chickens
Authors: Taha T.M.A. , Zakaria H. , Jalal M. , Bauwens S. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe present study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of organic acids combined with synergistic components, using a commercial product Lumance™ (Innovad NV, Belgium) containing esterified butyrins, propionic acid and sorbic acid, with medium chain fatty acids (capric, caprylic, and lauric acid) and plant extracts, on the productive performance and mortality of growing broiler chickens. A total of 492, one day old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to four experimental treatments either with an unsupplemented control or 0.05, 0.1 or 0.15% organic acid mixture in a pelleted corn/soyabean meal diet, which were offered ad libitum until 35 days of age. Results showed that birds in the 0.1% supplemented diet group gave significantly higher (P < 0.05) body weights during the first two weeks of age and increased weight gain during the first three weeks of age. The inclusion had no effect on broiler mortality.
Vitamin E–drug interactions: molecular basis and clinical relevance
Authors: Podszun Maren , Frank Jan 
Published: September 2014

Vitamin E (α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol and -tocotrienol) is an essential factor in the human diet and regularly taken as a dietary supplement by many people, who act under the assumption that it may be good for their health and can do no harm. With the publication of meta-analyses reporting increased mortality in persons taking vitamin E supplements, the safety of the micronutrient was questioned and interactions with prescription drugs were suggested as one potentially underlying mechanism. Here, we review the evidence in the scientific literature for adverse vitamin E–drug interactions and discuss the potential of each of the eight vitamin E congeners to alter the activity of drugs. In summary, there is no evidence from animal models or randomised controlled human trials to suggest that the intake of tocopherols and tocotrienols at nutritionally relevant doses may cause adverse nutrient–drug interactions. Consumption of high-dose vitamin E supplements ( ≥ 300 mg/d), however, may lead to interactions with the drugs aspirin, warfarin, tamoxifen and cyclosporine A that may alter their activities. For the majority of drugs, however, interactions with vitamin E, even at high doses, have not been observed and are thus unlikely.
Seed germination and survival of the endangered psammophilousRouya polygama(Apiaceae) in different light, temperature and NaCl conditions
Authors: Santo Andrea , Mattana Efisio , Hugot Laetitia , Spinosi Paula , Bacchetta Gianluigi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRouya polygama(Apiaceae) is an endangered Mediterranean species of great phytogeographical and ecological interest, growing on coastal sandy dunes. Intraspecific variability in the responses to constant temperatures (5–25°C) and an alternating temperature regime (25/10°C), salt stress (0–600 mM NaCl) and recovery of seed germination was evaluated among six populations from Sardinia and Corsica. Seeds were non-dormant and germination percentages ranged from 10 to 83%, depending on temperature and population. Differences in germination percentages were mainly due to different seed mortality among seed lots.R. polygamaseeds germinated in salt concentrations up to 200 mM NaCl, whereas higher salt concentrations totally inhibited germination. Salt affected seed viability, and the recovery response decreased with increasing salinity and temperature. Inter-population variability and different sensitivity to NaCl in seed germination were detected. Our results are consistent with field germination in a period from autumn to spring, when water is available in the soil and temperatures are not prohibitive for seedling establishment, representing an advantageous ecological adaptation for seedling establishment to the unpredictable Mediterranean rainfall pattern. Further studies onR. polygamaare needed to investigate germination requirements at temperatures higher than 25°C and its germination in the field, and to clarify genetic inter-population variability, considering a higher number of populations and possibly extending to North African populations.