bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
22‐S‐Hydroxycholesterol protects against ethanol‐induced liver injury by blocking the auto/paracrine activation of MCP‐1 mediated by LXRα
Authors: Na Tae‐Young , Han Young‐Hyun , Ka Na‐Lee , Park Han‐Su , Kang Yun Pyo , Kwon Sung Won , Lee Byung‐Hoon , Lee Mi‐Ock 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChronic ethanol consumption causes hepatic steatosis and inflammation, which are associated with liver hypoxia. Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) is a hypoxia response factor that determines recruitment and activation of monocytes to the site of tissue injury. The level of MCP‐1 is elevated in the serum and liver of patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD); however, the molecular details regarding the regulation of MCP‐1 expression are not yet understood completely. Here, we show the role of liver X receptor α (LXRα) in the regulation of MCP‐1 expression during the development of ethanol‐induced fatty liver injury, using an antagonist, 22‐S‐hydroxycholesterol (22‐S‐HC). First, administration of 22‐S‐HC attenuated the signs of liver injury with decreased levels of MCP‐1 and its receptor CCR2 in ethanol‐fed mice. Second, hypoxic conditions or treatment with the LXRα agonist GW3965 significantly induced the expression of MCP‐1, which was completely blocked by treatment with 22‐S‐HC or infection by shLXRα lentivirus in the primary hepatocytes. Third, over‐expression of LXRα or GW3965 treatment increased MCP‐1 promoter activity by increasing the binding of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α to the hypoxia response elements, together with LXRα. Finally, treatment with recombinant MCP‐1 increased the level of expression of LXRα and LXRα‐dependent lipid droplet accumulation in both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. These data show that LXRα and its ligand‐induced up‐regulation of MCP‐1 and MCP‐1‐induced LXRα‐dependent lipogenesis play a key role in the autocrine and paracrine activation of MCP‐1 in the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver disease, and that this activation may provide a promising new target for ALD therapy.Copyright © 2014 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Soluble and crosslinkable poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)s with pendent terminal ethynyl groups: synthesis, characterization and click modification
Authors: He QinZheng , Wang JinYan , Zong LiShuai , Liu Rui , Jian XiGao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNew poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)s (PPEKs) with pendent terminal ethynyl groups were synthesized by the aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) polycondensation reaction of a new bisphenol monomer, 2‐(3‐ethynylphenyl)hydroquinone, with 4‐(4′‐hydroxyphenyl)phthalazin‐1(2H)‐one and 4,4′‐bis(4‐fluorophenyl) ketone, followed by click modification reaction with 1‐azidopyrene. Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectral data of the model compound indicated that the terminal ethynyl groups were stable in SNAr reaction conditions, thus allowing the synthesis of the desired polymers. The PPEKs obtained with glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range 152–245 °C were amorphous, characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and dissolved in organic solvent to cast into transparent and flexible films. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that the curing reaction of the terminal ethynyl groups of the copolymers took place upon heating to 250 °C. The Tg of cured PPEKs was increased to about 260 °C. They also exhibited excellent thermal stability with 5% weight loss temperatures ranging from 448 to 527 °C in various atmospheres. The PPEKs with pendent terminal ethynyl groups were subsequently functionalized with pyrene through click reaction. A dilute chloroform solution displayed a red‐shifted emission profile. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Cationic ring‐opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate to α,ω‐dihydroxy telechelic and star‐shaped polycarbonates catalyzed by reusable o‐benzenedisulfonimide
Authors: Wu Hao , Ji Yufeng , Li Zhenjiang , Wang Xin , Zhang Qiguo , Cui Saide , Wu Wenzhuo , Liu Jingjing , Guo Kai 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTCationic ring‐opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate using o‐benzenedisulfonimide as a reusable catalyst under mild conditions was described. The polymerization proceeded homogeneously without decarboxylation and poly(trimethylene carbonates) (PTMCs) were synthesized with well‐controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities (Mw/Mn = 1.12–1.18). The spectra of 1H‐NMR, SEC, and MALDI–ToF MS clearly demonstrated the incorporation of the initiator residue into the polymer chains and the controlled/living nature of the polymerizations. Furthermore, the catalyst can be easily recovered, and its efficiency was fully retained. In addition, 1,3‐propanediol, 1,1,1‐trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol were successfully used as initiators to produce telechelic and star‐shaped polycarbonates which were determined by intrinsic viscosity experiments. The number of arms estimated by the shrinking factors (
) were 2.0, 2.6, and 3.5, respectively, indicating the successful syntheses of the two‐, three‐, and four‐armed PTMCs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 729–736
Reversibly light‐responsive biodegradable poly(carbonate) micelles constructed via CuAAC reaction
Authors: Hu Ding , Peng Hua , Niu Yile , Li Yefei , Xia Yingchun , Li Ling , He Jingwen , Liu Xiangyu , Xia Xinnian , Lu Yanbing , Xu Weijian 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTLight‐responsive poly(carbonate)s PEG113‐b‐PMPCn‐SP were synthesized via copper catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction between azide‐modified spiropyran (SP‐N3) and amphiphilic copolymer PEG113‐b‐PMPCn. PEG113‐b‐PMPC25‐SP can self‐assemble to biocompatible micelles with an average diameter of ∼96 nm and a critical aggregation concentration of 0.0148 mg mL−1. Under 365 nm UV light irradiation, the characteristic absorption intensity of merocyanine (MC) progressively increased and most of the micellar aggregations were disrupted within 10 min, suggesting the completion of the transformation of hydrophobic SP to hydrophilic MC. Subsequent exposuring the micelles to 620 nm visible light, spherical micelles aggregated again. The light‐controlled release and re‐encapsulation behaviors of coumarin 102‐loaded micelles were further investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. This study provides a convenient way to construct smart poly(carbonate)s nanocarriers for controlled release and re‐encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 750–760
Quality of life in children with CF: Psychometrics and relations with stress and mealtime behaviors
Authors: Driscoll Kimberly A. , Modi Avani C. , Filigno Stephanie S. , Brannon Erin E. , Chamberlin Leigh Ann , Stark Lori J. , Powers Scott W. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire‐Revised (CFQ‐R) with toddlers and preschool‐aged children. Clinically relevant relations between health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), stress, and mealtime behaviors have not been examined. It was hypothesized that problematic mealtime behaviors and increased stress would be negatively associated with HRQOL.MethodsParents of 73 children (2–6 years) with CF completed questionnaires assessing their children's generic (PedsQL) and CF‐specific HRQOL, parenting and CF‐specific stress, and mealtime behaviors.ResultsCFQ‐R Physical, Eating, and Respiratory HRQOL subscales had acceptable to strong reliability (alphas = 0.73–0.86); other scales approached acceptable reliability. Lower CF‐specific stress was associated with higher CFQ‐R Eating HRQOL (B = −0.84; P < 0.05) scores. Fewer eating problems were associated with higher CFQ‐R Eating (B = −1.17; P < 0.0001) and Weight HRQOL (B = −0.78; P < 0.01) scores.ConclusionsAs hypothesized, problematic eating and higher CF‐specific stress was associated with lower CF‐specific HRQOL. The CFQ‐R has promise for use in young children with CF, but will need to be modified to exchange items not relevant to preschoolers with items that are more relevant to this age group. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:560–567. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clear‐sky stable boundary layers with low winds over snow‐covered surfaces. Part 1: WRF model evaluation
Authors: Sterk H. A. M. , Steeneveld G. J. , Vihma T. , Anderson P. S. , Bosveld F. C. , Holtslag A. A. M. 
Published: December 2014

In this article, we evaluate the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale meteorological model for stable conditions in clear skies with low wind speeds. Three contrasting terrains with snow‐covered surfaces are considered, namely Cabauw (Netherlands, snow over grass), Sodankylä (Finland, snow over a needle‐leaf forest) and Halley (Antarctica, snow over an ice shelf). We used the full three‐dimensional (3D) model and the single‐column versions of the WRF model. The single‐column model (SCM) was driven by realistic forcings of the WRF–3D field. Several sets of SCM forcings were tested: A, no advection; B, varying geostrophic wind in time; C, momentum advection in addition to B; D, temperature and moisture advection in addition to C; E, forcing the SCM field to the 3D field above a threshold height.The WRF–3D model produced good results overall for wind speed, but the near‐surface temperatures and specific humidity were overestimated for Cabauw and Sodankylä and underestimated for Halley. Prescribing advection for momentum, temperature and moisture gave the best results for the WRF–SCM and simulations deviated strongly from reality without advection. Nudging the SCM field to the 3D field above a threshold height led to an unrealistic behaviour of the variables below this height and is not recommended. Detailed prescription of the surface characteristics, e.g. adjusting the snow cover and vegetation fraction, improved the 2 m temperature simulation. For all three sites, the simulated temperature and moisture inversion were underestimated, though this improved when prescribing advection.Overall, in clear‐sky conditions, the stable boundary layer over snow and ice can be modelled to a good approximation if all processes are taken into account at high resolution and if land surface properties are carefully prescribed.
Performance control for interconnection of identical systems: Application to PLL network design
Authors: Korniienko Anton , Scorletti Gerard , Colinet Eric , Blanco Eric 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of the control law design for interconnected identical systems ensuring the global stability and the global performance properties is under consideration. Inspired by the decentralized control law design methodology using the dissipativity input–output approach, the problem is reduced to the problem of satisfying two conditions: (i) the condition on the interconnection and (ii) the condition on the local subsystem dynamics. Both problems are efficiently solved applying a (quasi‐) convex LMI optimization and standard H∞ synthesis. The proposed design methodology is applied to the control law design of a synchronous PLL network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do fecal odors from native and non‐native predators cause a habitat shift among macropods?
Authors: Cox Tarnya E. , Murray Peter J. , Bengsen Andrew J. , Hall Graham P. , Li Xiuhua 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPredator‐odor‐based repellents have benefits as humane, non‐lethal management tools that may reduce the need for lethal control in some areas. Macropods (such as kangaroos and wallabies) are iconic Australian native marsupials; however, some are considered important rangeland pests, and their presence in the urban and peri‐urban environment often results in conflict. The management of these macropods is a contentious and volatile issue. We evaluated lion (Panthera leo), Sumatran tiger (P. tigris sumatrae), and dingo (Canis lupus dingo) fecal odors as short‐term odor‐based repellents for wild eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and red‐necked wallabies (M. rufogriseus). These odors were used to ‘protect' highly palatable food sources; with any food not consumed (residue) collected and weighed each day. Trials were conducted at Long Grass Nature Reserve in Queensland, Australia from 9–29 January 2009. Both eastern grey kangaroos and red‐necked wallabies relocated a minimum of 100 m away from the food station treated with lion odors on the first day of the trial. As a result of this spatial shift, more food was consumed at the control food stations than at any food station treated with predator odors (regardless of predator). In particular, eastern grey kangaroos never fed from a single predator‐odor food station. An increase in vigilance behaviors was observed for both macropod species, and red‐necked wallabies were more likely to exhibit vigilance behaviors than feeding behaviors at predator odor food stations. There was no difference in food residue between any predator odors and these food stations were only visited on the first day of the study. Use of predator fecal odors may repel macropods from highly palatable food sources, and predator fecal odors also may be useful for macropod relocation. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
The discovery of Mo(III) in FeMoco: reuniting enzyme and model chemistry
Authors: Bjornsson Ragnar , Neese Frank , Schrock Richard R. , Einsle Oliver , DeBeer Serena 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation is enabled by molybdenum-dependent nitrogenase enzymes, which effect the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia using an Fe7MoS9C active site, referred to as the iron molybdenum cofactor or FeMoco. In this mini-review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular and electronic structure of FeMoco. The advances in our understanding of the active site structure are placed in context with the parallel evolution of synthetic model studies. The recent discovery of Mo(III) in the FeMoco active site is highlighted with an emphasis placed on the important role that model studies have played in this finding. In addition, the reactivities of synthetic models are discussed in terms of their relevance to the enzymatic system.
Parental Communication and Experiences and Knowledge of Adolescent Siblings of Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Okashah Rebecca , Schoch Kelly , Hooper Stephen R. , Shashi Vandana , Callanan Nancy 
Published: December 2014

Abstract22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the most common microdeletion in humans. There have been few studies assessing the impact of this condition on the family and no previous studies conducted on unaffected siblings of children with 22q11DS. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency, method, and content of information being communicated by parents to unaffected siblings about the condition and to assess unaffected siblings’ knowledge of 22q11DS and perceptions of the impact of the condition on their affected sibling and themselves. Families were recruited from several 22q11DS educational and support organizations and asked to complete a single anonymous online survey. Families were eligible to participate if they had one child with 22q11DS and at least one unaffected child between the ages of 12 and 17. Survey questions were developed based on previous literature and authors’ expertise with individuals with 22q11DS. Responses to quantitative and qualitative questions were analyzed to calculate frequencies and proportions and to extract themes, respectively. A total of 25 families (defined as a unit of at least one parent, one affected child, and at least one unaffected child) participated in the study. Parents shared genetic information less often as compared to behavioral and medical information. Siblings of children with 22q11DS had both positive and negative experiences in having a brother or sister with this condition. Genetic counselors can use the results of this study to develop anticipatory guidance for parents of children with 22q11DS in talking with their unaffected children about the condition.
A note on a Residual Subset of Lipschitz Functions on Metric Spaces
Authors: Cavalletti Fabio 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLet (X, d) be a quasi-convex, complete and separable metric space with reference probability measure m. We prove that the set of real-valued Lipschitz functions with non-zero pointwise Lipschitz constant m-almost everywhere is residual, and hence dense, in the Banach space of Lipschitz and bounded functions. The result is the metric analogous to a result proved for real-valued Lipschitz maps defined on ℝ2 by Alberti et al.
Unexpected deaths and unplanned re-admissions in infants discharged home after cardiac surgery: a systematic review of potential risk factors
Authors: Tregay Jenifer , Wray Jo , Bull Catherine , Franklin Rodney C. , Daubeney Piers , Barron David J. , Brown Katherine , Knowles Rachel L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundBabies with CHDs are a particularly vulnerable population with significant mortality in their 1st year. Although most deaths occur in the hospital within the early postoperative period, around one-fifth of postoperative deaths in the 1st year of life may occur after hospital discharge in infants who have undergone apparently successful cardiac surgery.AimTo systematically review the published literature and identify risk factors for adverse outcomes, specifically deaths and unplanned re-admissions, following hospital discharge after infant surgery for life-threatening CHDs.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge, and PsycINFO electronic databases, supplemented by manual searching of conference abstracts.ResultsA total of 15 studies were eligible for inclusion. Almost exclusively, studies were conducted in single US centres and focussed on children with complex single ventricle diagnoses. A wide range of risk factors were evaluated, and those more frequently identified as having a significant association with higher mortality or unplanned re-admission risk were non-Caucasian ethnicity, lower socio-economic status, co-morbid conditions, age at surgery, operative complexity and procedure type, and post-operative feeding difficulties.ConclusionsStudies investigating risk factors for adverse outcomes post-discharge following diverse congenital heart operations in infants are lacking. Further research is needed to systematically identify higher risk groups, and to develop interventions targeted at supporting the most vulnerable infants within an integrated primary and secondary care pathway.
Overviewing the findings: the Technical Panel Review of the Pension Insurance Modeling System
Authors: MITCHELL OLIVIA S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's (PBGC) Pension Insurance Modeling System (PIMS) is used to evaluate the financial security and resilience of the national program backstopping private defined benefit plans. The Pension Research Council of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania recently convened a Technical Review Panel of experts to review key inputs, outputs, and model assumptions. Our review was intended to provide a formal evaluation of the technical adequacy of the model by outside experts. The papers herein summarize views of each expert on this project. Key findings are as follows:
•The PIMS models are an important and valuable tool in modeling the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's liability risk. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other model that can do a comparable job.•Nevertheless, some improvements could be integrated in the Agency's approach to modeling. Those deserving highest priority attention, in the experts’ view, include incorporating systematic mortality risk (i.e., treat mortality and longevity as stochastic variables); including new asset classes increasingly found in defined benefit plan portfolios (e.g., commercial real estate, private equity funds, infrastructure, hedge funds, and others); developing a more complex model for the term structure of interest rates; and incorporating an option value approach to pricing the insurance provided.•The Agency could also do more to communicate the range of uncertainty and potential for problems associated with the PBGC's financial status. This could include additional information including the conditional value-at-risk, and perhaps an ‘intermediate,’ ‘optimistic’, and ‘pessimistic’ set of projected outcomes, as well as the expected ‘date of exhaustion’ for assets backing pension benefits insured by the PBGC.
Experiment, monitoring, and gradient methods used to infer climate change effects on plant communities yield consistent patterns
Authors: Elmendorf Sarah C. , Henry Gregory H. R. , Hollister Robert D. , Fosaa Anna Maria , Gould William A. , Hermanutz Luise , Hofgaard Annika , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg S. , Jorgenson Janet C. , Lévesque Esther , Magnusson Borgþór , Molau Ulf , Myers-Smith Isla H. , Oberbauer Steven F. , Rixen Christian , Tweedie Craig E. , Walker Marilyn D. 
Published: December 2014

SignificanceMethodological constraints can limit our ability to quantify potential impacts of climate warming. We assessed the consistency of three approaches in estimating warming effects on plant community composition: manipulative warming experiments, repeat sampling under ambient temperature change (monitoring), and space-for-time substitution. The three approaches showed agreement in the direction of change (an increase in the relative abundance of species with a warmer thermal niche), but differed in the magnitude of change estimated. Experimental and monitoring approaches were similar in magnitude, whereas space-for-time comparisons indicated a much stronger response. These results suggest that all three approaches are valid, but experimental warming and long-term monitoring are best suited for forecasting impacts over the coming decades.
HLA ligandome analysis identifies the underlying specificities of spontaneous antileukemia immune responses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Authors: Kowalewski Daniel J. , Schuster Heiko , Backert Linus , Berlin Claudia , Kahn Stefan , Kanz Lothar , Salih Helmut R. , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Stevanovic Stefan , Stickel Juliane Sarah 
Published: December 2014

SignificanceEffective cancer immunotherapy relies on specific immune recognition of tumor-associated and tumor-specific antigens. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the highly variable course of disease implicates an underlying mechanism of tumor control by the immune system. In this study, we directly analyzed the landscape of naturally presented CLL antigens and identified targets conveying immune protection. These novel antigens might be valuable both for patient stratification and for inducing therapeutic antitumor immunity. Taken together, we demonstrate that CLL is subject to spontaneous T-cell responses targeting nonmutated antigens, which are associated with improved patient survival and provide novel options for the immunotherapy of CLL.