bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure, Timing, and Mechanism of the Pliocene and Late Miocene Uplift Process of the Ailao Shan‐Diancang Shan, SE Tibet, China
Authors: LI Baolong , WANG Dandan , JI Jianqing 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe uplift of the Ailao Shan‐Diancang Shan (ASDS) along the Ailao Shan‐Red River (ASRR) shear zone is an important geological event in the southeastern margin of Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau tectonic domain in the Late Cenozoic, and it preserves important information on the structures, exhumational history and tectonic evolution of the ASRR shear zone. The uplift structural mode and uplift timing of the ASDS is currently an important scientific topic for understanding the ASDS formation and late stage movements and evolution of the ASRR shear zone. The formation of the ASDS has been widely considered to be the consequence of the strike‐slip movements of the ASRR shear zone. However, the shaping of geomorphic units is generally direct results of the latest tectonic activities. In this study, we investigated the timing and uplift structural mechanism of the ASDS and provided the following lines of supportive evidence. Firstly, the primary tectonic foliation of the ASDS shows significant characteristic variations, with steeply dipping tectonic foliation developed on the east side of the ASDS and the relatively horizontal foliation on the west side. Secondly, from northeast to southwest direction, the deformation and metamorphism gradually weakened and this zone can be further divided into three different metamorphic degree belts. Thirdly, the contact relationship between the ASDS and the Chuxiong basin‐Erhai lake is a normal fault contact which can be found on the east side of the ASDS. 40Ar/39 Argeochronology suggests that the Diancang Shan had experienced a fast cooling event during 3–4 Ma. The apatite fission track testing method gives the age of 6.6–10.7 Ma in the Diancang Shan and 4.6–8.4 Ma in the Ailao Shan, respectively. Therefore the uplift of the ASDS can be explained by tilted block mode in which the east side was uplifted much higher than the west side, and it is not main reason of the shearing movements of the ASRR shear zone. The most recent uplift stages of the ASDS happened in the Pliocene (3–4 Ma) and Late Miocene (6–10 Ma).
Deformation Structures of the Madao Gneiss in South Qinling: Structural Analysis, Geochronological Constraints, and Tectonic Implications
Authors: WANG Dongsheng , WANG Zongqi , ZHANG Yingli , WANG Tao , CHEN Lei , ZHANG Yutao 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe tectonic evolution of South Qinling, which is a main part of the Qinling orogenic belt, is still in dispute and deformation history of South Qinling is poorly studied. In this paper, detailed structural, microstructural, quartz c‐axis fabric analysis, and geochronology results for the Madao gneiss in South Qinling are presented to characterize the deformation history. Results show that rocks in the northern part (Tiefodian‐Laozhanggou) experience general shearing and deform at relative low temperature. The shear sense generally is south to north. In contrast, rocks in the southern part (Laozhanggou‐Panjiahe) are weakly sheared with pure shear features and evidence of high‐temperature deformation. Based on the analyses, we conclude that there exist two distinct deformation geometries in the Madao gneiss and accordingly we can divide the deformation into two stages. The early stage is represented by regional shortening, while the late stage features northward thrust shearing and evidence shows that it was a progressive process between them. LA‐ICP MS U‐Pb dating of zircons from pre‐deformational migmatite veins yields age of 198.5 ± 2.0 Ma. This result, in combination with the age of post‐deformational granite, indicates that the northward thrust shearing of the Madao gneiss occurred in the Late Triassic. In view of these results and other reported data in South Qinling, we propose that deformation in Madao gneiss may result from the initial collision and subsequent northward accretion in Late Triassic.
Tectonic Evolution of the Wanan Basin, Southwestern South China Sea
Authors: LÜ Caili , ZHANG Gongcheng , YAO Yongjian , WU Shiguo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractQuantitative studies on the extension and subsidence of the Wanan Basin were carried out based on available seismic and borehole data together with regional geological data. Using balanced cross‐section and backstripping techniques, we reconstructed the stratigraphic deposition and tectonic evolution histories of the basin. The basin formed from the Eocene and was generally in an extensional/transtensional state except for the Late Miocene local compressoin. The major basin extension ocurred in the Oligocene and Early Miocene (before ∼16.3 Ma) and thereafter uniform stretch in a smaller rate. The northern and middle basin extended intensely earlier during 38.6–23.3 Ma, while the southern basin was mainly stretched during 23.3–16.3 Ma. The basin formation and development are related to alternating sinistral to dextral strike‐slip motions along the Wanan Fault Zone. The dominant dynamics may be caused by the seafloor spreading of the South China Sea and the its peripheral plate interaction. The basin tectonic evolution is divided into five phases: initial rifting, main rifting, rift‐drift transition, structural inversion, and thermal subsidence.
Structural Characteristics of the Andaman Forearc Inferred from Interpretation of Multichannel Seismic Reflection Data
Authors: GOLI Anitha , PANDEY Dhananjai K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Andaman Forearc Basin (AFB) is asymmetric in configuration and filled with a ∼6 km‐thick pile of Neogene to Recent sediments (∼4 s in two‐way travel time: TWT) with distinct zonation. It shows gradual thinning up to ∼3 km (0.8 s in TWT) towards the eastern end with a seabed gradient of 1:30. Thick deformed sediments ∼2 s (TWT) of the Outerarc are associated with intense faulting and occasional folding caused by recent tectonics. Development of a series of faults within the upwarped sedimentary column of Oligocene top to Recent is observed with a rotated fault block. These features are manifestations of Recent igneous intrusion, and reveal the presence of a mild N–S compressional regime. Its effect on the AFB resulted in further uplift of sediments, which can now be seen as the Invisible Bank. Forward gravity modelling supporting our seismic interpretation reveals that it is associated with igneous intrusion from the Moho (∼9 km depth), and also suggests that continental crust underlies the AFB. Strong Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR)‐like features in the Miocene sediments of Outerarc and Forearc basin at a depth of 0.6 s below the seabed suggest the inferred probable occurrence of gas hydrates in the AFB.
Discrimination of Different Erosion Levels of Porphyry Cu Deposits using ASTER Image Processing in Eastern Iran: a Case Study in the Maherabad, Shadan, and Chah Shaljami Areas
Authors: KARIMPOUR Mohammad Hassan , MAZHARI Nazi , SHAFAROUDI Azadeh Malekzadeh 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Lut block, eastern Iran, is one of the most extensive Cenozoic magmatic rocks, that show suitable targets for porphyry Cu‐Au and high‐sulfidation epithermal Au related to porphyry Cu‐Au mineralization. In this study, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) was used to identify different erosion levels of three porphyry Cu deposits, including Maherabad, Shadan, and Chah Shalj ami, located in the Lut block volcanic‐plutonic belt. Alteration minerals, including kaolinite, dickite, alunite, jarosite, epidote, chlorite, montmorillonite, muscovite, biotite, orthoclase, gypsum, and quartz, are selected to map different alteration zones and erosion levels. Distributions of end‐members are mapped by using the SAM and MTMF in VNIR and SWIR of ASTER bands and the results are evaluated against the field studies. For some end‐members, the results of SAM processing are more reliable compared to the MTMF because the latter looses field spectra. The use of angle threshold in the SAM, and MF‐score and infeasibility value in the MTMF or low abundance of some end‐members, and finally comparison of output images of spectral processing show good correlation with alteration maps. Differentiation and explanation of various erosion levels of porphyry Cu deposits are done successfully by using the ASTER sensor data.
Dead before detection: addressing the effects of left truncation on survival estimation and ecological inference for neonates
Authors: Gilbert Sophie L. , Lindberg Mark S. , Hundertmark Kris J. , Person David K. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryNeonate survival is a key life history trait, yet remains challenging to measure in wild populations because neonates can be difficult to capture at birth. Estimates of survival from neonates that are opportunistically captured might be inaccurate because some individuals die before sampling, resulting in data that are left truncated. The resulting overestimation of survival rates can further affect ecological inference through biased estimates of covariate effects in survival models, yet is not addressed in most studies of animal survival. Here, we quantify the effects of left truncation on survival estimates and subsequent ecological inference.Vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) enable capture of ungulates at birth, yielding data without left truncation. The effects of left truncation on survival estimation were quantified using age‐dependent survival models for VIT and opportunistically captured neonatal deer. Differences in daily survival rates (DSRs) and cumulative survival probability were calculated for the first 70 days of life. In addition, left truncation was simulated by removing fawns that died during the first 1 or 2 days of life from the VIT‐caught sample, isolating the effect of left truncation.Cumulative probability of survival during the first 70 days of life was overestimated by 7–23% for fawns caught opportunistically compared with those caught by VIT, depending on model design. Differences in DSRs were large at age 1 day, but had converged by age 30 days. Simulated left truncation resulted in overestimates of survival of up to 31%. Model selection and covariate coefficients were strongly affected by left truncation, producing spurious ecological inference, including changes to sign and/or magnitude of inferred effects of all covariates.We recommend (i) every effort be made to capture neonates; (ii) consistent capture methods, using at least in part non‐truncating techniques, be implemented across years and study areas; and (iii) exclusion of left‐truncated data from survival estimates until DSRs converge with those calculated from non‐truncated data. This work emphasizes the importance of accounting for left truncation in survival estimation for any species with strong age‐dependent survival in order to prevent biased conclusions produced by sampling method rather than true ecological effects.
mizer: an R package for multispecies, trait‐based and community size spectrum ecological modelling
Authors: Scott Finlay , Blanchard Julia L. , Andersen Ken H. 
Published: August 2014

Summary

Size spectrum ecological models are representations of a community of individuals which grow and change trophic level. A key emergent feature of these models is the size spectrum; the total abundance of all individuals that scales negatively with size. The models we focus on are designed to capture fish community dynamics useful for assessing the community impacts of fishing.

We present mizer, an R package for implementing dynamic size spectrum ecological models of an entire aquatic community subject to fishing. Multiple fishing gears can be defined and fishing mortality can change through time making it possible to simulate a range of exploitation strategies and management options.

mizer implements three versions of the size spectrum modelling framework: the community model, where individuals are only characterized by their size; the trait‐based model, where individuals are further characterized by their asymptotic size; and the multispecies model where additional trait differences are resolved.

A range of plot, community indicator and summary methods are available to inspect the results of the simulations.
Association Between Nursing Diagnoses and Socioeconomic/Clinical Characteristics of Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: de Queiroz Frazão Cecília Maria Farias , de Sá Jéssica Dantas , de Paiva Maria das Graças Mariano Nunes , de Carvalho Lira Ana Luisa Brandão , de Oliveira Lopes Marcos Venícios , Enders Bertha Cruz 
Published: August 2014

PurposeTo analyze the association between nursing diagnoses and socioeconomic/clinical characteristics of patients on hemodialysis.MethodsCross‐sectional study conducted by means of interview and physical examination of 178 patients consecutively selected.FindingsNursing diagnoses within the NANDA‐I domains of health promotion, nutrition, activity/rest, perception/cognition, sexuality, safety/protection, and comfort presented statistically significant association with the socioeconomic/clinical data of age, education, sex, marital status, and duration of the chronic renal disease and hemodialysis.ConclusionThe nursing diagnoses in this population may be influenced by the socioeconomic/clinical data.Implications for Nursing PracticeThe results suggest an opportunity for improved nursing intervention in this community.
CD4+ Foxp3+Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Orchitis: Phenotypic and Functional Characterization
Authors: Jacobo Patricia , Guazzone Vanesa A. , Pérez Cecilia V. , Lustig Livia 
Published: August 2014

ProblemThe phenotype and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells in rats with experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) was evaluated.Method of studyDistribution of Treg cells in draining lymph nodes from the testis (TLN) and from the site of immunization (ILN) was analysed by immunohistochemistry. The number, phenotype and proliferative response (5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation) of Treg cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and Treg cell suppressive activity by in vitro experiments. TGF‐β expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence.ResultsAbsolute numbers of Treg cells and BrdU+ Treg cells were increased in LN from experimental compared to normal and control rats. These cells displayed a CD45RC−, CD62L−, Helios+ phenotype. CD4+ CD25bright T cells from TLN of experimental rats were able to suppress T cell‐proliferation more efficiently than those derived from normal and control rats. Cells isolated from TLN and ILN expressed TGF‐β.ConclusionOur results suggest that Treg cells with a memory/activated phenotype proliferate extensively in the inflamed testis and LN of rats with EAO exhibiting an enhanced suppressive capacity. TGF‐β may be involved in their suppressive mechanism.
Prognostic factors in children with acute myeloid leukaemia and excellent response to remission induction therapy
Authors: Karol Seth E. , Coustan‐Smith Elaine , Cao Xueyuan , Shurtleff Sheila A. , Raimondi Susana C. , Choi John K. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Dahl Gary V , Bowman William Paul , Taub Jeffrey W. , Degar Barbara , Leung Wing , Downing James R. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Campana Dario , Inaba Hiroto 
Published: August 2014

SummaryMinimal residual disease (MRD) is a strong prognostic factor in children and adolescents with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) but nearly one‐quarter of patients who achieve MRD‐negative status still relapse. The adverse prognostic factors among MRD‐negative patients remain unknown. We analysed the AML02 study cohort to identify demographic and genetic prognostic factors. Among the presenting features, certain 11q23 abnormalities, such as t(6;11) and t(10;11), acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia without the t(1;22), and age ≥10 years were associated with inferior outcome in patients who had MRD‐negative status after either remission induction I or II. By contrast, those with rearrangement of CBF genes had superior outcome. Our study identifies patient populations for whom close post‐remission MRD monitoring to detect and treat emerging relapse and adjustment in treatment intensity might be indicated.
Is it safe to insert a testicular prosthesis at the time of radical orchidectomy for testis cancer: an audit of 904 men undergoing radical orchidectomy
Authors: Robinson Richard , Tait Campbell D. , Clarke Noel W. , Ramani Vijay A.C. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo compare the complication rate associated with synchronous prosthesis insertion at the time of radical orchidectomy with orchidectomy alone.Patient and MethodsAll men undergoing radical orchidectomy for testis cancer in the North West Region of England between April 1999 to July 2005 and November 2007 to November 2009 were included. Data on postoperative complications, length of stay (LOS), re‐admission rate and return to theatre rate were collected.ResultsIn all, 904 men [median (range) age 35 (14–88) years], underwent a radical orchidectomy during the study period and 413 (46.7%) were offered a prosthesis, of whom 55.2% chose to receive one. Those offered a prosthesis were significantly younger (P < 0.001), with a median age of 33 vs 37 years. There was no significant difference between the groups for LOS (P = 0.387), hospital re‐admission rates (P = 0.539) or return to theatre rate (P = 0.999). In all, 33/885 patients were readmitted ≤30 days of orchidectomy, with one of 236 prosthesis patients requiring prosthesis removal (0.4%). Older age at orchidectomy was associated with an increased risk of 30‐day hospital re‐admission (odds ratio 1.032, P = 0.016).ConclusionsConcurrent insertion of a testicular prosthesis does not increase the complication rate of radical orchidectomy as determined by LOS, re‐admission or the need for further surgery. Prosthesis insertion at the time of orchidectomy for testis cancer is safe and concerns about increased complications should not constrain the offer of testicular prosthesis insertion concurrently with primary surgery.
Modulation of K2P2.1 and K2P10.1 K+ channel sensitivity to carvedilol by alternative mRNA translation initiation
Authors: Kisselbach J , Seyler C , Schweizer P A , Gerstberger R , Becker R , Katus H A , Thomas D 
Published: August 2014

Background and PurposeThe β‐receptor antagonist carvedilol blocks a range of ion channels. K2P2.1 (TREK1) and K2P10.1 (TREK2) channels are expressed in the heart and regulated by alternative translation initiation (ATI) of their mRNA, producing functionally distinct channel variants. The first objective was to investigate acute effects of carvedilol on human K2P2.1 and K2P10.1 channels. Second, we sought to study ATI‐dependent modulation of K2P K+ current sensitivity to carvedilol.Experimental ApproachUsing standard electrophysiological techniques, we recorded currents from wild‐type and mutant K2P2.1 and K2P10.1 channels in Xenopus oocytes and HEK 293 cells.Key ResultsCarvedilol concentration‐dependently inhibited K2P2.1 channels (IC50,oocytes = 20.3 μM; IC50,HEK = 1.6 μM) and this inhibition was frequency‐independent. When K2P2.1 isoforms generated by ATI were studied separately in oocytes, the IC50 value for carvedilol inhibition of full‐length channels (16.5 μM) was almost 5‐fold less than that for the truncated channel variant (IC50 = 79.0 μM). Similarly, the related K2P10.1 channels were blocked by carvedilol (IC50,oocytes = 24.0 μM; IC50,HEK = 7.6 μM) and subject to ATI‐dependent modulation of drug sensitivity.Conclusions and ImplicationsCarvedilol targets K2P2.1 and K2P10.1 K+ channels. This previously unrecognized mechanism supports a general role of cardiac K2P channels as antiarrhythmic drug targets. Furthermore, the work reveals that the sensitivity of the cardiac ion channels K2P2.1 and K2P10.1 to block was modulated by alternative mRNA translation initiation.
RETRACTED: A non‐erythropoietic peptide derivative of erythropoietin decreases susceptibility to diet‐induced insulin resistance in mice
Authors: Collino M , Benetti E , Rogazzo M , Chiazza F , Mastrocola R , Nigro D , Cutrin J C , Aragno M , Fantozzi R , Minetto M A , Thiemermann C 
Published: August 2014

Background and PurposeThe haematopoietic activity of erythropoietin (EPO) is mediated by the classic EPO receptor (EpoR) homodimer, whereas tissue‐protective effects are mediated by a heterocomplex between EpoR and the β‐common receptor (βcR). Here, we investigated the effects of a novel, selective ligand of this heterocomplex – pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide (pHBSP) – in mice fed a diet enriched in sugars and saturated fats.Experimental ApproachMale C57BL/6J mice were fed a high‐fat high‐sucrose diet (HFHS) for 22 weeks. pHBSP (30 μg·kg−1 s.c.) was administered for the last 11 weeks. Biochemical assays, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations and Western blotting were performed on serum and target organs (liver, kidney and skeletal muscle).Key ResultsMice fed with HFHS diet exhibited insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia, hepatic lipid accumulation and kidney dysfunction. In gastrocnemius muscle, HFHS impaired the insulin signalling pathway and reduced membrane translocation of glucose transporter type 4 and glycogen content. Treatment with pHBSP ameliorated renal function, reduced hepatic lipid deposition, and normalized serum glucose and lipid profiles. These effects were associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Diet‐induced overproduction of the myokines IL‐6 and fibroblast growth factor‐21 were attenuated by pHBSP and, most importantly, pHBSP markedly enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle.Conclusions and ImplicationsChronic treatment of mice with an EPO derivative, devoid of haematopoietic effects, improved metabolic abnormalities induced by a high‐fat high‐sucrose diet, by affecting several levels of the insulin signalling and inflammatory cascades within skeletal muscle, while enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis.
In vitro, in vivo and ex vivo characterization of ibrutinib: a potent inhibitor of the efflux function of the transporter MRP1
Authors: Zhang Hui , Patel Atish , Ma Shao‐Lin , Li Xiao Jie , Zhang Yun‐Kai , Yang Pei‐Qi , Kathawala Rishil J , Wang Yi‐Jun , Anreddy Nagaraju , Fu Li‐Wu , Chen Zhe‐Sheng 
Published: August 2014

Background and PurposeThe transporter, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1), plays a critical role in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). Ibrutinib is an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Here we investigated the reversal effect of ibrutinib on MRP1‐mediated MDR.Experimental ApproachCytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The expression of protein was detected by Western blot. RT‐PCR and Q‐PCR were performed to detect the expression of MRP1 mRNA. The intracellular accumulation and efflux of substrates for MRP1 were measured by scintillation counter and flow cytometry. HEK293/MRP1 cell xenografts in nude mice were established to study the effects of ibrutinib in vivo.Key ResultsIbrutinib significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of MRP1 substrates in HEK293/MRP1 and HL60/Adr cells overexpressing MRP1. Furthermore, ibrutinib increased the accumulation of substrates in these MRP1‐overexpressing cells by inhibiting the drug efflux function of MRP1. However, mRNA and protein expression of MRP1 remained unaltered after treatment with ibrutinib in MRP1‐overexpressing cells. In vivo, ibrutinib enhanced the efficacy of vincristine to inhibit the growth of HEK293/MRP1 tumour xenografts in nude mice. Importantly, ibrutinib also enhances the cytotoxicity of vincristine in primary cultures of leukaemia blasts, derived from patients.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results indicated that ibrutinib significantly increased the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents which were MRP1 substrates, in MRP1‐overexpressing cells, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. These findings will lead to further studies on the effects of a combination of ibrutinib with chemotherapeutic agents in cancer patients overexpressing MRP1.