bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravitreal ranibizumab following bevacizumab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion
Authors: DURIEUX P , LABALETTE P 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Macular edema is the main cause of visual impairment secondary to retinal vein occlusions (RVO). Current treatment is based on intravitreal injections of corticosteroids or VEGF inhibitors. Bevacizumab was first used in the eye on an off‐label basis, whereas ranibizumab was approved in this indication in January 2012 in France. Our work’s objective was to analyse the becoming of patients who received bevacizumab then ranibizumab successively in management of RVO.Methods This study includes the patients treated effectively with intravitreal bevacizumab for macular edema due to RVO and next treated with intravitreal ranibizumab. We included 9 patients presented with a central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 6 patients with a branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Ophthalmological examination performed after intravitreal injections consists in logMAR visual acuity and central macular thickness measurement by OCT.Results Intravitreal injections of anti‐VEGF allowed an improvement of the visual acuity and a reduction of the central macular thickness. Final visual acuity was better after treatment with ranibizumab than after bevacizumab in patients presenting with CRVO ( the average gain of visual acuity was 0.30 logMAR). No infectious complication was noted.Conclusion The therapeutic transition from bevacizumab to ranibizumab stabilizes both visual acuity improvement and decrease of macular thickness even in long time treated patients, despite vision impairment produced by old edema, worsening cataract, or apparition of retinal ischemia areas. In this short series of patients, replacement of bevacizumab by ranibizumab didn’t have negative impact on visual results despite treatment was continued on a longer time course.
Optic disk changes in retinal vein occlusion and correlated factors
Authors: SOO GEUN JOE , SUNG KR , LEE KS , LEE JR , CHAE JB 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate optic disk changes in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patients and to find risk factors related to increasing cup to disk ratio (C/D ratio)Methods We used data collected in Korean RVO survey. It was retrospective, cross‐sectional, nation wide and multicentral study. Data of RVO patients were collected from 41 clinical sites which joined in Korean RVO survey from April 2010 to December 2011. Patients’ whole follow up data at base line, 3‐month, 6‐month, 9‐month and 12‐month were collected and analyzed. Among the data, we used fundus photographs (FDP), fluosrecein angiogram (FA) and medical record at base line, 6‐month and 12‐month. C/D ratio was analyzed by three glaucoma specialists. FDP and FA findings including disk hemorrhage, disk edema, non‐perfusion area, disk leak etc and medical records including intraocular pressure (IOP), intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB), steroid therapy etc were analyzed for correlation to C/D ratio increasing.Results Among enrolled 557 patients, 127 patients met the inclusion criteria. 57 patients were branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and 73 patients were central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). C/D ratio increased from 0.45 at base line to 0.52 at 12‐month (p<0.001; paired T‐test). Non‐perfusion area, disk edema, disk hemorrhage and disk leak at base line and IOP at 12‐month showed correlation to increase of C/D ratio (p=0.021, p=0.001, p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.016 respectively). But IVB and steroid use were not related to increased C/D ratio. Detailed subgroup analysis (CRVO, BRVO) will be appeared on the presentation.Conclusion Eyes with RVO showed increasing C/D ratio. Base line perfusion status and disk damage had correlations to increase of C/D ratio. .
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Retinal tubulations in geographic atrophy associated with age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: RUIZ MORENO JM , LUGO FL , RUIZ‐MEDRANO J , MONTERO JA , DONATE J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To describe the presence of retinal tubulations at the boundaries and within areas of retinal atrophy in patients with geographic atrophy (GA) associated with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).Methods 82 consecutive patients, 50 years or older with GA associated with AMD were examined between January 2012 and July 2012. Patients were evaluated by SD‐OCT and fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Patients with single or multiple and well‐defined areas of atrophy in whom retinal layers could be visualized were included. FAF was performed at the same time that OCT (Spectralis, Heidelberg Eng). Three acquisition protocols were performed: high‐resolution horizontal B‐scan for foveal study and two macular cubes to evaluate the whole macular surface (19 horizontal and 19 vertical B‐scans centred on the fovea). Main Outcomes Measures: Presence of spherules/tubulations within the atrophic area in patients with GA associated with AMD.Results 50/82 patients with GA presented with single or multiple areas of atrophy with identifiable retinal layers. Clearly visible and slightly hyper/hyporeflective round, rosette‐like, spherule‐shaped structures were localized in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). These structures occasionally contacted the external limiting membrane. They were adjacent to the margin between preserved retina and atrophic area and within the atrophic area. In these cases, uniformly hypereflective, hyporeflective and isoreflective spherules surrounded by hyperreflective halo that might correspond with retinal tubulation were present in the same eye.Conclusion Retinal tubulations can be observed in the ONL in patients with GA associated with AMD.
Retinal arteriolar diameter response to flicker light provocation ‐ A useful marker for risk stratification in cardiovascular disease?
Authors: HEITMAR R , BLANN A , SUMMERS AJ 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To to evaluate the benefit of bilinear and linear fitting to characterize the retinal vessel dilation to flicker light stimulation for the purpose of risk stratification in cardiovascular disease.Methods Methods Forty‐five patients (15 with coronary artery disease (CAD), 15 with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and 15 with CAD and DM) all underwent contact tonometry, digital blood pressure measurement, fundus photography, retinal vessel oximetry, static retinal vessel analysis and continous retinal diameter assessment using the retinal vessel analyser (and flicker light provocation). In addition we measured blood glucose (HbA1c) and keratinin levels in DM patients.Results Results With increased severity of cardiovascular disease a more linear reaction profile of retinal arteriolar diameter to flicker light provocation can be observed.Conclusion Absolute values of vessel dilation provide only limited information on the state of retinal arteriolar dilatory response to flicker light. The approach of bilinear fitting takes into account the immediate response to flicker light provocation as well as the maintained dilatory capacity during prolonged stimulation. Individuals with cardiovascular disease however show a largely linear reaction profile indicating an impairment of the initial rapid dilatory response as usually observed in healty individuals.
Ocular morpho‐functional analysis: Comparison between prematurely‐born and born at term children
Authors: SPALLONE L , LOMBARDO S , RUBERTO G , BIANCHI PE , TINELLI C , GUAGLIANO R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the differences in ocular morpho‐functional parameters between preterm and born at term childrenMethods 50 eyes of 25 prematurely‐born children (gestational age ≤34 weeks and birth weight ≤ 1495g) were compared to 40 eyes of 20 children born at term. The age at examination was 6‐8 years old. In preterm group 18 eyes had retinopathy of prematurity (ROP): 8 were affected by mild ROP (stage 1‐2) and 10 by severe ROP (stage 2‐3), treated with laser photocoagulation. The children were submitted to a complete ophthalmic evaluation including ETDRS visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), pattern visual evoked potential (pVEP), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL, disc area) and central macular thickness (CMT) measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT)Results No statistically significant differences were found in functional or structural data between prematurely‐born and born at term children except higher values for disc area in preterm. Conversely many statistically significant differences (VA, CS, P100 amplitude, disc area and CMT) emerged between control and preterm group affected by ROP, especially in severe ROPConclusion Many differences in ocular morpho‐functional parameters are pointed out between full term and preterm children affected by ROP. The most important dissimilarities are in stage 3. Maybe it can be correlated with treatment’s damage or due to incomplete development of optic pathways. Because the principal differences are in functional parameters (VA, CS, VEP), without significant morphological changes, we hypothesize that impairment of vision in severe ROP is due not only to retinopathy of prematurity but also to brain damage.
Definition of a normative basis for peripapillary nerve fibers thickness in childhood with sd‐oct
Authors: FACON G , DEFOORT‐DHELLEMMES S , LABALETTE P , ROULAND JF 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Since its inception, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has radically changed our way to practice ophthalmology. Yet, the analysis of databases of various machines has no value for patients under 18 years old. In this work we define a normative basis of the thickness of peripapillary nerve fibers in children with SD‐OCT.Methods We randomly selected 99 children (192 eyes) aged from 2 to 17 years. They were found to be healthy subjects with no history of eye disease and normal visual acuity. A study of the optic nerve head was conducted on Cirrus HD OCT. Two scans were performed in both eye to judge the good reproducibility of the measurement. We divided the population into three age groups (Group 1: 3‐7 years / Group 2: 7‐12 / Group 3: 12‐18 years) before setting the average thickness of each quadrant.Results Group 1 included 10 patients (19 eyes). The results reflected an overall thickness of 100μm +/‐ 8 to the following distribution: temp: 77μm +/‐8 / Upper: 130 μm +/‐20 / nasal: 66μm +/ ‐10 / lower: 131μm +/‐12. Group 2 included 39 patients (74 eyes). The results reflected an overall thickness of 99μm +/‐ 8 to the following distribution: temp: 72μm +/‐9 / Upper: 126 μm + / ‐16 / nasal: 70μm +/‐13 / lower: 128μm +/‐16. Group 3 included 50 patients (99 eyes). The results reflected an overall thickness of 97μm +/‐ 11 for the following distribution: temp: 63 μm +/‐14 / Upper: 125μm +/‐16 / nasal: 72μm +/‐15 / lower: 128 +/‐19.Conclusion The definition of a normative database in children is essential on OCT because it's integrated into the daily practice of the ophthalmologist. We define RFNL in children under 18 years old and find a very slight change over time, mainly in the temporal quadrant.
Functional vision of young adults with type i diabetes since childhood
Authors: SIISKONEN M , JäRVINEN K , HAUTALA N , FALCK A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate vision of young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) since childhood.Methods During 1989‐90 the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was evaluated in a population‐based cohort of 5‐16‐year‐old children with T1D living in the catch‐area of the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District, Finland. These 216 individuals were contacted 18 years later and evaluated for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) LogMar, contrast sensitivity (CS) and stage of retinopathy. The CS test was performed using Vistech Chart at five spatial frequencies, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0 and 18.0 cycles per degree (cpd). Retinopathy was diagnosed from fundus photographs, and data on past laser treatment and vitreoretinal surgery were also collected.Results 106 patiens took part in the study. There were 65 males (61%) and 41 females (39%) aged 30±3 years. The duration of diabetes was 23±4 years. Two of the subjects were blind in the right eye. The CS was evaluated of 210 eyes of 106 patients. It was normal in all cpds studied in 93 of 210 eyes, or 39 of 106 patients, and abnormal in one or several cpds in 117 eyes. Abnormality was most likely to be found at cpd 6.0; this was the case in 37% of the eyes. BCVA was 0.1 (LogMar) or better in 189/210 eyes. 34 patients had proliferative DR (PDR). CS was impaired in 30/34 (88%) of patients with PDR and 37/72 (51%) without PDR (p<0.001).Conclusion The majority of young adults with T1D had good BCVA. However, CS was outside normal range in more than one half, and particularly in patients with PDR.
Change in the antioxidative capacity of extraocular muscles in patients with exotropia
Authors: JUNG S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose We compared the oxidative stress and antioxidant capacities of the medial rectus muscles (MRMs) of control subjects and those with exotropia.Methods A total of 40 MRMs from patients with exotropia and 40 MRMs from normal donor eyes (controls) were assessed. The mRNA levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were compared between the two groups using semi‐quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. In addition, SOD1, SOD2, and lipofuscin levels were compared between the exotropic and control groups.Results nNOS mRNA level was significantly higher in the exotropic group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Western blot analysis revealed that SOD1 and SOD2 expression levels were higher in the control group than in the exotropic group (p < 0.05). The relative lipofuscin fluorescence intensity was higher in the exotropic group than in the control group (p < 0.001).Conclusion The MRMs of patients with exotropia had a redox imbalance status. Further study is needed to investigate whether this imbalance in antioxidant capacity is present in the extraocular muscles of other patients with strabismus.
Optic disc drusen and peripapillary subretinal neovascular membranes in children
Authors: BENNAI D , BENZERROUG M , BENHAMANA A , BREMOND‐GIGNAC D , MILAZZO S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Choroidal neovascular membranes are a rare cause of decreased vision in children with optic disc drusen. It can cause central vision loss by subfoveal progression of the choroidal neovascularization, serous macular detachment, or submacular hemorrhage.Methods We report two cases of optic nerve head drusen in childhood. A 6 year‐old girl and a 12 year‐old boy were both refered to our hospital for optic disc edema with unilateral visual lossResults Fundus examination showed pseudopapillary edema in the two cases. A pediatric check‐up with neurologic and cardiovascular exams and CT scan were performed. B‐Scan ultrasonography showed the presence of the optic nerve head drusen in both eyes but wasn’t identified on CT scan in the two cases. In our cases, optic disc drusen causes peripapillary haemorrhages proceeding from the same mechanism with a juxtapapillary choroidal neovascularization. Because of the location of the hemorrhage only monitoring was recommended. Partial spontaneous visual acuity improvement in 6 months was observed with regression of haemorrhage.Conclusion Optic nerve head drusen are calciﬁed deposits arising from the prelaminar portion of the optic nerve, they have a reported prevalence of 0.4% in children. Although usually benign, their presence can sometimes be associated with serious ocular conditions and cause amblyopia. They have been reported to cause myriad local vascular complications, including central retinal artery and vein occlusion and peripapillary choroidal neovascularization.
Accuracy of fluorescein angiography (FA) based diagnosis for retinopathy of prematurity: Expert versus non expert graders evaluation
Authors: GUAGLIANO R , BARILLA D , BERTONE C , MAFFIA A , PERITI F , SPALLONE L , ANSELMETTI G , GIACOSA E , TINELLI C , BIANCHI PE 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate accuracy and inter‐rater reliability of RetCam fundus images and digital camera fluorescein angiography (FA) images in acute retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by comparing diagnoses given by trainee ophthalmologists with those provided by expert ophthalmologists.Methods We conducted a multicentre retrospective observational study of diagnostic data from 60 eyes of 30 premature infants (average gestational age was 27 weeks, average birth weight 803 g) with classical ROP, stage II evaluated by RetCam 3 (Clarity, Pleasanton, CA) and fluorescein angiography. A staging grid with ocular fundus divided into 3 concentric zones and into 24 of 15° sectors centred around optic papilla was superimposed on 360° retina photomontages (Photoshop) acquired from RetCam and FA images. Non‐expert agreement with expert diagnoses was measured for each sector by means of Cohen’s kappa (Fleiss, 1981).Results A high degree of concordance was found.Inter‐rater agreement expert versus non‐expert interpretations was really greater for fluorangiographic images than for RetCam ones with 0.61< k <1 for 58,5% of RetCam examined sectors and for 89,9% of FA examined sectors.Conclusion FA images appear to be really clearer to interpret than RetCam images also by non‐expert ophthalmologists. Our result confirme than FA is very good examination technique with a high degree of reliability, even where trainee pratitioners are involved. ROP management can be improved by entrusting diagnostic responsibilities to trainee ophthalmologists, in order to extend access to correct diagnoses, recognition of threshold lesions and prompt treatment.
Mesenchymal stem cells as an alternative source of stem cells for ocular surface regeneration
Authors: HOLAN V , JAVORKOVA E , TROSAN P , KRULOVA M , ZAJICOVA A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To test the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to replace limbal stem cells (LSCs) for the reconstruction of the heavily damaged ocular surface in an experimental mouse model.Methods MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of BALB/c mice and expanded in vitro. Their phenotypic markers, differentiation potential, immunoregulatory properties and ability to transdifferentiate into corneal epithelial cells were characterized. These in vitro expanded MSCs were transferred, using nanofiber scaffolds, onto the damaged ocular surface and their therapetic potential was evaluated.Results MSCs can be expanded in vitro and retain their differentiation potential. When they were cultured in the presence of an extract from a damaged cornea or in the supernatant from cultured corneal cells, MSCs expressed cytokeratin CK12, a marker of corneal epithelial cells. In addition, MSCs displayed strong immunosuppressive properties in vitro and in vivo. After their transfer onto the damaged ocular surface, they supported corneal epithelial healing and inhibited the local inflammatory reaction. The therapeutic potential of MSCs was proven by the rapid regeneration of the ocular surface in the presence of MSCs and by an attenuation of the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes after the injury.Conclusion MSCs, which can be obtained relatively easily from bone marrow or adipose tissue, have the potential to replace LSCs for the reconstruction of the heavily damaged ocular surface.
High doses of fatty acids for treating severe dry eye disease
Authors: GEORGIOU T , NICOLAOU D , NEOKLEOUS A , MICHAEL S , IKONOMU C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the effect of high doses EPA/DHA for the treatment of severe dry eye disease not responding to current treatments.Methods 60 eyes (30 patients) with severe dry eyes not responding to current treatments were treated with 5g/day of EPA/DHA. Visual acuity, corneal fluorescein staining, tear break up time (TBUT) and subjective symptoms were noted.Results 70% of patients used more than 5 treatment approaches before starting EPA/DHA. 83% of patients started with severe corneal fluorescein staining and 17% had moderate staining. At 3 months 44% had no staining and 55% had mild staining. TBUT improved from mean 1.78sec to 4.40sec at 3 months. There was substantial improvement (>50%) on subjective symptoms at 6 weeks of treatment.Conclusion High doses of fatty acids can be used to improve the signs and symptoms of patients with severe dry eye disease not responding to current treatments.
Corneal nerve structure and function in patients with non‐Sjögren dry eye
Authors: LABBE A , LIANG Q , XU L , BAUDOUIN C , SUN X 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the relationship between the in vivo morphology of subbasal corneal nerves and clinical parameters in patients with non‐Sjögren dry eye disease (NSDD).Methods Forty‐three patients with NSDD and 14 healthy age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects were included. Each patient underwent an evaluation of ocular surface disease symptoms using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear film break‐up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining (Oxford scale), the Schirmer test, corneal sensation testing using the Cochet‐Bonnet esthesiometer and corneal subbasal nerve analysis with IVCM. One eye of each subject was included in the study.Results Corneal sensitivity was significantly lower in the dry eye group as compared to the control group (P=0.001). Corneal subbasal nerves showed significant changes in dry eye patients as compared to normal subjects: lower density (P<0.001), increased tortuosity (P<0.001), number of beadings (P<0.001) and width (P=0.014). In patients with dry eye, corneal subbasal nerve density was correlated to age (r=−0.335, P=0.028), the Oxford scale (r=−0.562, P<0.001) and central corneal sensitivity (r=0.305, P=0.047). The maximum length of nerve fibers within a frame (MaxL) was correlated to the OSDI (r=−0.332, P=0.030) and the Oxford scale (r=−0.321, P=0.036). In multivariate analysis corneal subbasal nerve density remained correlated to the Oxford score (P<0.001). The Oxford score was also correlated to central corneal sensitivity (r=−0.317, P=0.039).Conclusion NSDD patients presented significant alterations of subbasal corneal nerve structure and function. In NSDD, subbasal nerve alterations were correlated to ocular surface tissue damage.
The usefulness of corneal confocal microscopy to assessing and monitoring changes associated with hematopoietic diseases
Authors: WOJCIK L , WYLEGALA E , SMEDOWSKI A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Evaluation of corneal confocal microscopy in vivo to assess and monitor changes in the course of hematopoietic proliferative diseases.Methods In 3 patients (2 males and 1 female) examined because of suspicion of an unknown keratopathy we performed the following: basic slit lamp examination, corneal scans using Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam, Oculus) and corneal confocal microscopy in vivo (Rostock Cornea module, Heidelberg Engineering Retina tomograph III). All patients were sent to hematology consult.Results On a slit lamp examination we described macroscopic, polymorphic deposits of crystals, located in the full thickness of corneal stroma. In the image from Scheimpflug camera ‐ diffusive crystals causing increased hyperreflexive stroma. The corneal confocal microscopy images showed polymorphic crystalline deposits within the corneal stroma reaching the level of the endothelium from Bowmann membrane. After exclusion of hypercholesterolemia and cystinosis, patients were referred to the hematology consultation, where the following hematopoietic diseases were diagnosed: multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy, light chain disease.Conclusion Corneal confocal microscopy is a useful tool for the detection and differentiation of the etiology of crystalline keratopathy. Performed at the appropriate stage can help in the early detection of disorders of the hematopoietic system.