bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the seismic capacity of cultural heritage in case of aggregate buildings: the castle of Rosignano Marittimo
Authors: Puppio Mario Lucio , Ariu Matteo , Deligia Mariangela , Doveri Fabio , Ferrini Martina , Sassu Mauro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The partitioning of masonry buildings in Structural Units (SUs), or aggregate of Structural Units, is a useful tool to simplify the analysis of the buildings and the study of static and seismic vulnerability. However, this allocation is affected by uncertainties, simplification, and sometimes unavoidable miscalculation due to the directionality of this subdivision. This procedure exposes the results to discrepancies due to the way the building is divided. The case of Rosignano Castle is emblematic. In this paper, the dependence of the results on how the Structural Units are considered is analyzed, as well as the role of structural in plan and elevation irregularities on various SUs and their combination. Non-linear static analysis corresponding to different distributions of the building in Structural Units, the uncertainties about material properties, and different directions of the seismic action are analyzed, and the respective results are discussed here. A simplified approach, for the study of aggregate buildings on an urban scale, is based on the so-called “tabular method”. Several Authors proposed and improved similar methods applied to different urban contexts. A comparison of simplified methodologies with the results of the detailed FEM analysis is also discussed and presented here. Finally, a simplified approach is proposed based on the regularity parameter of the building in aggregate. Taking the evidence from FEM analysis as a physical-mechanical base, the authors propose the quantitative definition of irregularity parameters and the use of them to determine the building vulnerabilities. The proposed procedure aimed to be a practical tool to determine, in an expeditious manner, the seismic capacity of a masonry building in aggregate. The model proposed in this paper, applied to the case of the study of Rosignano Marittimo (a typical situation of aggregate building in a historical context in Tuscany, Italy) shows emblematic results that can be extended to analogous configuration.
Microscopic mechanism of contraction of cellulose-rich G-fiber in tension wood due to boiling: an approach by simulation using reaction kinetics
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Matsuo-Ueda Miyuki , Gril Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Green tension wood (TW) contracts irreversibly in the longitudinal direction upon hygrothermal treatment (HT-treatment) (i.e., boiling in water), which is known as hygrothermal-recovery (HTR) of TW. Researchers believe that HTR of TW-specimen is due to longitudinal contraction of the thick cellulose-rich gelatinous-layer (G-layer) in the gelatinous-fibers (G-fibers) when it is boiled in hot water. However, how the G-layer, composed of highly crystallized and longitudinally oriented cellulose microfibrils (CMF), contracts during HT-treatment is still an open question. The ultimate goal of our study is to elucidate the microscopic mechanisms related to the longitudinal HTR-behavior of G-fibers. With those backgrounds, the present study first generalized the simple mathematical model given by Sujan et al. (2016). Second, the newly generalized model was developed into a physicochemical model in terms of reaction kinetics of denaturation of the matrix components in the G-layer. Third, the experimental results reported in Yamamoto et al. (2022) were simulated using the newly-developed model, and the obtained results were analyzed and compared with experimental results to give a glimpse of what happens in the TW-fiber when it is HT-treated, especially in the G-layer, which is composed of crystalline cellulose microfibrils and non-crystalline matrix polysaccharides.
Plasmon-Induced Transparency Performance of Multi-Layered Graphene-Phosphorene Structure in THz Region
Authors: KHANPOUR MOHAMMAD AMIN , KARIMZADEH ROUHOLLAH 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates the optimization and tunability of THz refractive index plasmon-induced transparency sensors with multiple layers of asymmetric dark modes using Finite-Difference Time-Domain simulations. Notable findings include enhanced absorption peaks at higher frequencies in structures incorporating diverse dark mode materials, specifically graphene-dominated structures. This study also explores dynamic tunability through voltage application to graphene dark modes, showcasing potential applications in practical tunable THz sensors. Additionally, optimal sensor performance is explored when the sample material is placed in various positions relative to the last dark mode of the structure, providing insights into spatial arrangement optimization. Overall, this research contributes new perspectives on the impact of material diversity, dynamic tunability, and sample layer placement for advancing THz refractive index sensors.
The Genomic Landscape of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Zhang Chao , Li Chenghao , Su Jian Zhong , Zhao Kuaile , Shao Longlong , Deng Jiaying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Research on the genomic characteristics of common esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines, including exome mutations and mRNA expression, is limited. This study aims to elucidate the malignancy, invasion capability, classical cancer-related signaling pathways, and immune status of ESCC cell lines, providing a detailed genomic landscape and highlighting the unique features of each cell line.
Methods
Whole exome and RNA sequencing were conducted on ESCC cell lines TE-1, ECA-109, KYSE-30, KYSE-150, KYSE-180, KYSE-450, and KYSE-510, with the normal epithelium cell line Het-1a as a comparison. Bioinformatics methods analyzed gene mutation types, mutation frequencies, RNA expression, and classical cancer-related signaling pathways. Specific analyses were also performed on tumor burden, genes related to differentiation, invasion, immunity, and gene enrichment in each cell line.
Results
The highest tumor mutation burden (TMB) was 70.4 mutations per megabase (mut/MB) in KYSE-150, while the lowest was 48.7 mut/MB in KYSE-510. Mutations in the Hippo, Notch, PI3K, RTK-Ras, and Wnt signaling pathways were present in all cancer cell lines. Mutations were significantly enriched in signature 3, associated with defective homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). The NRF2 signaling pathway exhibited mutations in KYSE-180, KYSE-450, and TE-1 cell lines. The cell cycle gene mutation frequency was low, occurring only in KYSE-30 and TE-1 cell lines. The expression profiles of KYSE-510 and ECA-109 were similar. The KYSE-150 cell line showed up-regulated invasion genes, while the KYSE-450 cell line had significantly down-regulated poor differentiation-related genes. Immune-related genes were up-regulated in the ECA-109 cell line.
Conclusion
The molecular profiles generated in this study provide detailed information on gene mutations and expression in common ESCC cell lines. The KYSE-150 cell line exhibited a prominent invasion capability, while the ECA-109 cell line showed up-regulated immune properties. This genomic landscape offers valuable insights for future research and therapeutic strategies in ESCC.
Advanced non-invasive detection for immediate LNAPL spillage: temporal and statistical analysis
Authors: al-hussain Ola Tareq , Ramli Harris , Al-Haidarey Mohammed J. , Naser Hayder Yasir 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Employing Electrical Resistivity (ER)in this study as a non-invasive geological method for assessing LNAPL (Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) migration within subsurface soil presents a valuable and cost-effective tool for geological and environmental investigations. Nevertheless, little is known about how ER values are affected by the presence of contaminants Therefore, this research seeks to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between LNAPL contamination and soil electrical properties to enhance environmental monitoring and remediation efforts, methodology was performed in a 9-sector glass soil box to assess the possible migration pathways for diesel in subsurface layers with spillage volumes of 5ml, 25ml, and 50ml over 24 hours, with readings taken at regular intervals. Soil samples were collected from Bahar al-Najaf which is located in the 'Middle Euphrates' area in the upper part of southern Iraq, 170km southwest of Baghdad, analyzed and packed into four soil profiles inside soil box according to their original stratification as Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). For measuring (ER), the Wenner method by Dr. Frank Wenner of the US Bureau of Standards in 1915, and a Multifunction Installation Tester (Fluke 1652C.USA) were used in this study. Results of the temporal analysis showed a continuous decrease along with the increase in LNAPL, comparing chemical and geophysical data enabled us to evaluate how sensitive physical properties are to the presence of contaminants depending on soil composition as an important factor.
Chlorine-induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Single Crystal Superalloys at 550°C
Authors: Martinez Fabian Duarte , Dawson Karl , Tatlock Gordon , Leggett Jonathan , Gibson Grant , Mason-Flucke J. C. , Nicholls J. R. , Syed Adnan , Morar Nicolau , Gray Simon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study has investigated the effect of NaCl and different gaseous environments on the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of CMSX-4 at 550°C. The presence of SOx leads to the rapid dissociation of NaCl into Na2SO4 and the release Cl2 and HCl, which then trigger an active oxidation mechanism and stress corrosion cracking. The incubation time for crack initiation at 690 MPa and in the presence of a sulphur containing environment is 10 minutes. A working hypothesis is that stress corrosion cracking occurs due to the hydrogen released at the oxide/alloy interface when metal chlorides are formed; however, this hypothesis needs to be further explored.
TCP-Based Network Communication Optimized for Green Cloud Computing
Authors: Fesl Jan , Sedlák Daniel , Polák Michal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In many clouds running around the world, much of the communication takes place over TCP. Inside clouds, a huge number of new TCP connections are created every second, carrying huge amounts of information. Different variants of TCP use different algorithms to control data flow, which vary in complexity and suitability for specific conditions. Our team has examined in detail most of the currently used TCP variants to evaluate their ability to achieve high throughput and low energy consumption in data center network conditions. Adopting the recommendations from our observations can reduce power consumption in intra-cloud communication by units or tens of percent at global scale simply by ensuring suitable TCP variants.
Distributed Compressive Genomics: Fundamental Pattern Matching Primitives via Spark
Authors: Rocco Lorenzo Di , Petrillo Umberto Ferraro , Giancarlo Raffaele , Cattaneo Giuseppe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Compressive genomics consists of a set of techniques that, for some important bioinformatics tasks such as sequence comparison and search, leverages on a compressed representation of the data in order to improve time performance. That is, its good compression is not the final goal, since the new and smaller representation of the data should support fast processing of it. Although Big Data technologies, such as distributed systems incarnated by Spark, have no apparent limit on the overall amount of memory available, making compression not so appealing, they may benefit of compressive genomics for a variety of reasons (e.g., the economic cost of adding more computational nodes may be significant). Unfortunately, there is no study that provides an evaluation of how convenient such an approach would be, to fix ideas, for Spark.
Results: Although porting compressive genomics techniques to a distributed environment is not simple neither immediate, we present here the first study regarding the benefits of compressive genomics for Big Data technologies such as Spark. In particular, we provide the first Spark version of the FM-Index, a fundamental compressed pattern matching data structure with pervasive use in bioinformatics. For completeness, we also propose Spark versions of the Compressed Boyer-Moore Pattern Matching algorithm. A carefully designed experimental analysis indicates the clear advantages of using those two compressed genomics primitives within Spark. Moreover, we propose a general method, with associated software, that simplifies the development of compressive genomics techniques on Spark.
Conclusions: We provide the first, and much needed study, regarding the potential advantages of using compressive genomics within Big data technologies: the proof of principle is via a fundamental compressed data structure for bioinformatics such as the FM-Index on a leading system such as Spark. The software platform associated to this research is perceived as a fundamental building block for further studies in this area.
Availability: https://github.com/ldirocco/SparkGeco
Comprehensive analysis of differential expression genes within the CLEC family in the prognosis, immune response, and treatment of gastric cancer
Authors: Zhu Weijian , Yi Qiang , Wang Jiaqi , Ouyang Xinting , Yang Kuan , Jiang Bowei , Liu Jin , Zhao Liwen , Liu Xuejin , Huang Benben , Zhong Jinghua , Zhong Jianing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Gastric cancer, a prevalent malignancy, often presents challenges due to its low early diagnosis rate and poor prognosis. This study aims to establish a prognostic model composed of genes from the CLEC family, aiming to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients effectively.
Methods
Data Collection: mRNA expression matrices and clinical data were downloaded from the TCGA and GEO databases. Differential analysis, univariate Cox analysis, lasso regression analysis, and multivariate Cox analysis were conducted to identify three genes associated with the prognosis of the CLEC family for building a prognostic model. Prognostic Model Construction: A prognostic model comprising these three genes was constructed. The prognostic value was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plots, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, multivariable Cox regression analysis incorporating clinical information, and a nomogram. The predictive value of the three-gene signature was further validated using the GSE84437 dataset. Immune and Functional Analyses: Differences in immune status and signaling pathways between different risk groups were assessed through analyses of the tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, immune function, and gene set enrichment. Finally, chemotherapy-sensitivity drugs were identified through drug analysis.
Results
Results revealed CD93, CLEC3A, and VCAN as three CLEC family genes associated with prognosis. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that these three CLEC family genes were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in gastric cancer patients. Additionally, we constructed a prognostic nomogram that incorporated risk score, age, gender, grade, and stage. Based on TCGA/GSE84437 data, calibration plots demonstrated its predictive solid performance. Furthermore, immune-related analyses and drug sensitivity assessments suggested a close association between the three-gene model and immune cell infiltration, indicating their potential as predictive indicators for chemotherapy sensitivity.
Conclusion
We have identified a CLEC family gene model consisting of three genes associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer. This provides a basis for personalized prevention and treatment strategies.
A breadth-first search algorithm for frequent itemsets based on vertical data layout
Authors: Li Yingchao , Wang Yang , Yang Guanci , Wu Yongming , Xie Zhenqiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Frequent itemset mining, a pivotal technique in the field of data mining, is aimed at identifying items that frequently co-occur in transaction databases, thereby enabling the extraction of valuable patterns and associations within large datasets. Algorithms utilizing vertical data layout typically employ depth-first search for extracting frequent itemsets. However, leveraging anti-monotonicity property to constrain the search space poses challenges. Additionally, memory consumption can be substantial, particularly when using a low minimum support threshold. In this paper, we propose integrating hashmap and list data structures to store frequent itemsets and represent the search space more efficiently. Furthermore, we introduce a breadth-first search-based approach for generating candidate itemsets while simultaneously pruning them based on anti-monotonicity principles. Support counting is performed using bitwise operators within the concept and technique of vertical database representation. Building upon two formats of vertical databases (Tidset and Diffset), we present two novel algorithms: Tidset-BFS and Diffset-BFS respectively. To evaluate their performance, extensive experiments are conducted, comparing them with a prominent negFIN algorithm across various real-world and synthetic datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithms exhibit significantly improved efficiency across most datasets.
Ethics beyond Goldwater? Analyzing policies from American medical organizations on public communications from physicians in the digital age
Authors: Smith Alexander , Hachen Stefanie , Oquendo Maria A. , Bhugra Dinesh , Ventriglio Antonio , Liebrenz Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

As a professional duty, physicians often publicly comment on health-related topics. However, ethical complexities can arise during discussions about high-profile individuals or events, especially in an era of rapid news cycles and digital media. The American Medical Association (AMA) has policies concerning physician commentary and media interactions, as does the American Psychiatric Association (i.e., the Goldwater Rule). Nevertheless, the extent to which other US medical associations have adopted similar protocols remains underexplored. Focusing on non-psychiatric members of the AMA’s policymaking body, the Federation of Medicine (FMMs), this study sought to analyse cross-speciality perspectives. Between January-March 2024, online resources for n = 122 FMMs were reviewed (e.g., professional codes and position statements), followed by email outreach to verify positions and garner further insights. n = 47 FMMs provided sufficient information for inclusion, cumulatively representing approximately 950,000 members. n = 16 FMMs (34%) had guidelines or policies regarding public commentary, generally emphasizing accuracy, consent, and confidentiality. Yet, for the majority of FMMs (n = 31/66%), no specific regulations were identified; these organizations did not cite any proprietary statutes or deferred to AMA materials. Moreover, existing FMM policies largely overlooked the impact of Artificial Intelligence and digital misinformation, warranting cross-specialty exchanges to uphold credible discourse amid societal and technological shifts.
Unit Pattern: A Design Pattern for Self-Documenting User Acceptance Test Automation
Authors: Shan Shan , Han Gene , Reyna Marcela , Huang Jeff 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Generally, test cases that closely mirror business logic are easier for practitioners and stakeholders to understand. However, they are typically more expensive to implement compared to cases that execute specific functions without domainspecific specialization. Readability plays a crucial role in enhancing software quality, reducing maintenance costs, and facilitating testing by non-technical personnel.
Implementing easily readable test automation solutions may impact code structure and entail additional development and maintenance costs. Yet, the best approach to mitigate these costs remains unaddressed. Existing frameworks often employ ad hoc approaches limited to specialized scenarios, lacking a systematic
solution to the cost and readability problem in general.
To bridge this gap, we share the challenges and difficulties encountered during the process of creating readable test automation test cases. Drawing from our practical experience, we introduce a new design pattern called the Unit Pattern.
This pattern focuses on dividing test logic into the smallest units that convey a clear business meaning, eliminating business domain dependence and ensuring applicability to all projects.
The idea behind this approach is straightforward, making implementation very straightforward and with minimal additional costs. Through theoretical analysis and empirical studies using real-world projects from industrial settings, we find that the Unit Pattern has minimal impact on code structure. Our experimental results confirm that applying the Unit Pattern to test automation yields good readability with minimal additional costs.
Analysis and Short-circuit Test Investigation on Mechanical Stability of Power Transformer Winding
Authors: ZHANG Zongxi , FENG Yun , LIU Rui , OU Qiang , REN Junwen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The deviation from checking the transformer's short-circuit capacity is challenging to control because of the difficulties in detecting critical stability through standard short-circuit tests or faults. To accurately evaluate the mechanical strength of power transformer winding, this paper proposes an obtaining radial buckling stress (ORBS) method for the inner windings based on the non-equivalent force characteristics of the winding disks at different height positions. Firstly, after designing a test transformer and calculating the critical buckling current based on traditional methods, 22 short-circuit tests are implemented by gradually increasing the short-circuit current. Additionally, various feature data representing excessive winding deformation are characterized, and the trans-former is disassembled, with the "step" deformation positions marked as the critical buckling points. Finally, the differences between different destabilization algorithms are analyzed by loading the maximum current into the simulation model and obtaining the critical buckling stress at the marked position. The results indicate that the critical conditions of mechanical stability of transformer winding can be investigated accurately through multiple destructive short-circuit tests in a limited tested model based on the ORBS method. Furthermore, the ORBS method can improve the design and verification of the ability to withstand the short circuit.