bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic engineering of an industrial polyoxin producer for the targeted overproduction of designer nucleoside antibiotics
Authors: Qi Jianzhao , Liu Jin , Wan Dan , Cai You‐sheng , Wang Yinghu , Li Shunying , Wu Pan , Feng Xuan , Qiu Guofu , Yang Sheng‐ping , Chen Wenqing , Deng Zixin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPolyoxin and nikkomycin are naturally occurring peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics with potent antifungal bioactivity. Both exhibit similar structural features, having a nucleoside skeleton and one or two peptidyl moieties. Combining the refactoring of the polyoxin producer Streptomyces aureochromogenes with import of the hydroxypyridylhomothreonine pathway of nikkomycin allows the targeted production of three designer nucleoside antibiotics designated as nikkoxin E, F, and G. These structures were determined by NMR and/or high resolution mass spectrometry. Remarkably, the introduction of an extra copy of the nikS gene encoding an ATP‐dependent ligase significantly enhanced the production of the designer antibiotics. Moreover, all three nikkoxins displayed improved bioactivity against several pathogenic fungi as compared with the naturally‐occurring antibiotics. These data provide a feasible model for high efficiency generation of nucleoside antibiotics related to polyoxins and nikkomycins in a polyoxin cell factory via synthetic biology strategy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1865–1871. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An LC‐MS/MS method for determination of calceorioside B with cardiomyocyte protective activity in rat plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Yang Fan , Song Yanqing , Zhang Sixi , Zhou Wei 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA simple, sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of calceorioside B (CLB) in rat plasma. Detection was performed on a Thermo Scientific Hypersil Gold chromatography column using isocratic elution with a mobile phase of methanol–5 m m ammonium acetate–formic acid (70:30:0.1, v/v/v). Mass spectrometry was performed in selection reaction monitoring mode using a positive electrospray ionization interface. Good linearity was found for CLB in plasma in the linear range of 1.00–500 ng/mL (r > 0.9960). The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of CLB in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fischer‐Tropsch‐Synthese unter instationären Bedingungen im Suspensionsreaktor: experimentelle und rechnerische Studien
Authors: Eilers Hilko , Schaub Georg 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDie Einbindung von Elektrolyse‐H2 aus erneuerbarer Elektrizität (Wind, solar) in die Erzeugung flüssiger Kohlenwasserstoff‐Energieträger kann zu einer Übertragung des fluktuierenden Charakters erneuerbarer Energien auf den chemischen Prozess führen. Mithilfe eines mathematischen Modells werden Sprungversuche in einer Laborapparatur ausgewertet, um Informationen über das Katalysatorverhalten unter instationären Bedingungen zu gewinnen. Erste Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die unter stationären Bedingungen ermittelte Reaktionskinetik ausreicht, um Übergänge im Reaktor zu beschreiben.
Nerve growth factor promotes reorganization of the axonal microtubule array at sites of axon collateral branching
Authors: Ketschek Andrea , Jones Steven , Spillane Mirela , Korobova Farida , Svitkina Tatyana , Gallo Gianluca 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe localized debundling of the axonal microtubule array and the entry of microtubules into axonal filopodia are two defining features of collateral branching. We report that nerve growth factor (NGF), a branch‐inducing signal, increases the frequency of microtubule debundling along the axon shaft of chicken embryonic sensory neurons. Sites of debundling correlate strongly with the localized targeting of microtubules into filopodia. Platinum replica electron microscopy suggests physical interactions between debundled microtubules and axonal actin filaments. However, as evidenced by depolymerization of actin filaments and inhibition of myosin II, actomyosin force generation does not promote debundling. In contrast, loss of actin filaments or inhibition of myosin II activity promotes debundling, indicating that axonal actomyosin forces suppress debundling. MAP1B is a microtubule associated protein that represses axon branching. Following treatment with NGF, microtubules penetrating filopodia during the early stages of branching exhibited lower levels of associated MAP1B. NGF increased and decreased the levels of MAP1B phosphorylated at a GSK‐3β site (pMAP1B) along the axon shaft and within axonal filopodia, respectively. The levels of MAP1B and pMAP1B were not altered at sites of debundling, relative to the rest of the axon. Unlike the previously determined effects of NGF on the axonal actin cytoskeleton, the effects of NGF on microtubule debundling were not affected by inhibition of protein synthesis. Collectively, these data indicate that NGF promotes localized axonal microtubule debundling, that actomyosin forces antagonize microtubule debundling, and that NGF regulates pMAP1B in axonal filopodia during the early stages of collateral branch formation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 1441–1461, 2015
The Electrically Wired Molybdenum Domain of Human Sulfite Oxidase is Bioelectrocatalytically Active
Authors: Spricigo Roberto , Leimkühler Silke , Gorton Lo , Scheller Frieder W. , Wollenberger Ulla 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report electron transfer between the catalytic molybdenum cofactor (Moco) domain of human sulfite oxidase (hSO) and electrodes through a poly(vinylpyridine)‐bound [osmium(N,N′‐methyl‐2,2′‐biimidazole)3]2+/3+ complex as the electron‐transfer mediator. The biocatalyst was immobilized in this low‐potential redox polymer on a carbon electrode. Upon the addition of sulfite to the immobilized separate Moco domain, the generation of a significant catalytic current demonstrated that the catalytic center is effectively wired and active. The bioelectrocatalytic current of the wired separate catalytic domain reached 25 % of the signal of the wired full molybdoheme enzyme hSO, in which the heme b5 is involved in the electron‐transfer pathway. This is the first report on a catalytically active wired molybdenum cofactor domain. The formal potential of this electrochemical mediator is between the potentials of the two cofactors of hSO, and as hSO can occupy several conformations in the polymer matrix, it is imaginable that electron transfer from the catalytic site to the electrode through the osmium center occurs for the hSO molecules in which the Moco domain is sufficiently accessible. The observation of catalytic oxidation currents at low potentials is favorable for applications in bioelectronic devices.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Ruthenium(0) Indane Complexes fac‐[Ru(NCMe)3(CO)2(InX3)] (X = Cl, Br)
Authors: Itazaki Masumi , Ito Masaki , Nakazawa Hiroshi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe first ruthenium indane complexes, fac‐[Ru(NCMe)3(CO)2(InX3)] (X = Cl: 1, Br: 2), were synthesized in the reaction of triruthenium dodecacarbonyl Ru3(CO)12 with 3 equiv. of InX3 in acetonitrile at 80 °C for 30 min. Reaction of fac‐[Ru(NCMe)3(CO)2(InX3)] (X = Cl: 1, Br: 2) with PPh3 at a 1:1 molar ratio in acetonitrile at 50 °C for 5 h afforded cis,cis,trans‐[Ru(NCMe)2(CO)2(InX3)(PPh3)] (X = Cl: 3, Br: 4). The structures of 1–4 were determined by using single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
Antioxidant capacity is a surrogate measure of the quality and stability of vegetable oils
Authors: Castelo‐Branco Vanessa Naciuk , Santana Isabelle , Di‐Sarli Vanessa Oliveira , Freitas Suely Pereira , Torres Alexandre Guedes 
Published: April 2015

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) may be a comprehensive oil quality index because of its potential association with chemical composition, oxidative stability, and fresh oil quality. We aimed to investigate the chemical determinants of the oxidative stability and TAC of oils using multivariate statistical analyses and the use of the TAC assay as a predictor of oil stability. Fatty acids, tocols, phenolic compounds, peroxide value, acid value, induction period (by the Rancimat test) and TAC (by the TEAC assay) were determined in refined canola, corn, soybean, and sunflower oils as well as cold‐pressed nut oils. Principal component analysis was used for data reduction and variable extraction. Generalized linear models successfully estimated the TAC (R2 = 90.3%, p < 0.005) and oxidative stability (R2 = 91.6%, p < 0.001) of the oils, and γ‐tocopherol was the most important predictor in both of the models. The peroxide value and induction period were linearly associated with antioxidant capacity (R2 = 0.65, p < 0.01 and R2 = 0.70, p < 0.01, respectively), allowing the prediction of the initial quality and oxidative stability of the oils by the TEAC assay. Additionally, the proposed minimum TAC value for good quality refined oils was 2.2 mmol TE/kg.Practical Applications: Lipid oxidation is one of the major causes of vegetable oil degradation, affecting its global quality and limiting its shelf life. Therefore, a quality index applicable for estimating oxidative stability and initial quality of refined and cold‐pressed vegetable oils might be an important tool for quality control of oils in the food industry. We show that the TEAC assay, a simple and rapid spectrophotometric assay of antioxidant capacity, may be a useful tool for the determination of the global quality of oils due to its significant associations with the induction period and peroxide value. A minimum TAC value is advisable for good quality refined plant oils, especially when the initial quality and the shelf life are of concern.Antioxidant capacity is a surrogate measure of the quality and stability of vegetable oils. 2.2 mmol trolox equivalents/kg was proposed as a minimum total antioxidant capacity value for good quality refined oils.
Co‐spray‐drying of a heme iron ingredient to decrease its pro‐oxidant effect in lipid‐containing foods
Authors: Alemán Mercedes , Bou Ricard , Polo Javier , Rodríguez Carmen , Tres Alba , Codony Rafael , Guardiola Francesc 
Published: April 2015

Fortification of food products with non‐heme or heme iron is a common strategy to overcome nutritional iron deficiency. Heme iron is highly bioavailable but it promotes oxidation, as do other iron forms. Palm oil is widely used in the formulation of bakery products and chocolate fillings. The work reported here aims to delay the onset of oxidation of a palm oil matrix fortified with heme iron, as a model for bakery products, through the use of ascorbyl palmitate (0 and 400 mg/kg) and the co‐spray‐drying of the heme iron with calcium caseinate in two ratios (heme iron concentrate:caseinate, 2:1 and 1:1, w/w). Primary (peroxide value and lipid hydroperoxide content) and secondary (p‐anisidine value and hexanal content) oxidation were measured over one year of storage at room temperature in the dark. The combination of ascorbyl palmitate at 400 mg/kg and the co‐spray‐dried heme iron in a 1:1 ratio was the treatment that best protected iron fortified samples from oxidation during the storage time.Practical applications: Food fortification with iron has been suggested as a good strategy for overcoming iron deficiency. In this study, a heme iron ingredient has been selected due to its higher bioavailability than inorganic iron forms. Nevertheless, as other iron forms, heme iron is a potent pro‐oxidant, which may affect the nutritional value, the sensory properties and shelf life of the fortified product. Thus, in this study the co‐spray‐drying of the heme iron with several coatings was assessed in order to reduce its pro‐oxidant activity. The different heme irons were mixed with palm oil, which is a fat widely used in bakery. The combination of co‐spray‐dried heme iron and ascorbyl palmitate delayed the onset of oxidation, which demonstrates its effectiveness in future iron fortified bakery products.Palm oil is widely used in the formulation of bakery products and chocolate fillings. Therefore, this matrix can be a useful model for iron fortification in bakery products. In a preliminary study with heme iron fortified sunflower oil, the co‐spray‐drying of heme iron with different coating agents delayed the oxidation onset during accelerated storage at 60°C (see the figure).The combination of ascorbyl palmitate and the co‐spray‐drying of heme iron with calcium caseinate at 1:1 ratio (CAS 1:1) prevented oxidation of a heme iron fortified palm oil during storage at room temperature in the dark for one year.
Whey protein hydrolysates reduce autoxidation in microencapsulated long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Tamm Frederic , Gies Katharina , Diekmann Sabrina , Serfert Yvonne , Strunskus Thomas , Brodkorb André , Drusch Stephan 
Published: April 2015

The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of partially hydrolysed whey proteins to microencapsulate fish oil. Microcapsules were produced by spray‐drying emulsions composed of fish oil, glucose syrup (DE38) and β‐lactoglobulin or hydrolysates thereof prepared using bovine trypsin or alcalase. Hydrolysis did not negatively affect encapsulation performance during spray‐drying and microencapsulation efficiency was very high for all samples (99 ± 0.5%). However, enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in reduced formation of lipid hydroperoxides for all hydrolysate‐stabilised microcapsules, except for the hydrolysate produced by alcalase (3% degree of hydrolysis). Hydrolysis by trypsin resulted in a more narrow molecular weight peptide profile and an increased accessibility of antioxidant amino acids.Practical applications: Whey proteins, a by‐product of the cheese industry, possess excellent nutritional properties, but have limited functional and antioxidant properties in their native form. Partial enzymatic hydrolysis can significantly enhance these properties. This study showed the excellent suitability of whey protein hydrolysates as emulsifiers in spray‐dried emulsions, which can improve encapsulation capacity and stabilisation of sensitive ingredients.Partially enzymatically hydrolysed whey proteins serving as emulsifiers can increase the oxidative stability of microencapsulated polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Water content and micelle size change during oxidation of sunflower and canola oils
Authors: Budilarto Elizabeth S. , Kamal‐Eldin Afaf 
Published: April 2015

The aim of this research was to monitor the formation of water and the changes in micelle size during the oxidation of sunflower oil and canola oil oxidized in purified and unpurified forms. In all oils, the water content and micellar size increased along with peroxide value (PV) until the end of the induction period (IP), and then the micelle size was reduced. After the induction period, water content continued to increase in unpurified sunflower but not in unpurified canola oil, which may be due to different pattern of degradation of their hydroperoxides.Practical application: This research allows better understanding of the initiation phase of lipid oxidation and for the first time provides data on the relation between water content, micellization, and hydroperoxide formation during the initial stage of lipid oxidation.Changes that take place during the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. The red line marks the induction period; □: tocopherol degradation; ○: ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids; △: micelle size; ●: hydroperoxides; and ◊: water.
Vortex penalization method for bluff body flows
Authors: Mimeau Chloe , Gallizio Federico , Cottet Georges‐Henri , Mortazavi Iraj 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIn this work, a penalization method is discussed in the context of vortex methods for incompressible flows around complex geometries. In particular, we illustrate the method in two cases: the flow around a rotating blade for Reynolds numbers 1000 and 10,000 and the flow past a semi‐circular body consisting of a porous layer surrounding a rigid body at Reynolds numbers 550 and 3000. In the latter example, the results are interpreted in terms of control strategy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon nanoparticle–guided central lymph node dissection in clinically node‐negative patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Youzhi , Chen Xiangjin , Zhang Huihao , Chen Ling , Zhou Shujun , Wu Kunlin , Wang Zongcai , Kong Lingjun , Zhuang Hezhu 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundDistinguishing the involved lymph nodes from other tissues during surgery is critical for lymph node dissection. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility by using carbon nanoparticles as guidance for lymph node dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsEighty‐one patients were injected with carbon nanoparticles (carbon nanoparticle group), whereas the other 81 patients were not (control group). Routine pathological examination was performed.ResultsThe lymph node dissection and metastatic lymph node dissection rates of the carbon nanoparticle group were significantly higher than that of the control group. In the carbon nanoparticle group, the number of mistakenly dissected parathyroid gland, the case number of postoperative hypocalcemia, the case number of postoperative hypoparathyroidism, and the recovery time from hypocalcemia were 4, 6, 8, and 2.33 ± 0.58 weeks, respectively, significantly less than 14, 17, 20, 3, and 3.8 ± 0.92 weeks in the control group (p < .05).ConclusionCarbon nanoparticles can be applied to more accurately guide the dissection of lymph nodes during thyroidectomy in patients with PTC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 840–845, 2016
Quality compared to quantity of life in laryngeal cancer: A time trade‐off study
Authors: Hamilton David W. , Bins Janneke E. , McMeekin Peter , Pedersen Ami , Steen Nicholas , De Soyza Anthony , Thomson Richard , Paleri Vinidh , Wilson Janet A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to use time trade‐off to assess the factors influencing patients’ decisions in advanced laryngeal cancer. Time trade‐off is a well‐established method of assessing how individuals value a particular health state.MethodsWe developed vignettes depicting life after chemoradiotherapy or laryngectomy. One hundred fourteen participants ranked them, assigned utility values, and rated the importance of survival on treatment choice.ResultsChemoradiotherapy was preferred by 62% and laryngectomy by 38%. Chemoradiotherapy optimal outcome had the highest mean utility value (0.64) followed by total laryngectomy optimal outcome (0.56). Total laryngectomy poor outcome (0.33) was equivalent to chemoradiotherapy poor outcome (0.32).The average survival advantage required for a participant to change their preferred choice was 2.1 years.ConclusionThe functional treatment outcome had a greater effect on health state utility values than treatment modality. In many individuals, larynx conservation may not be the primary consideration in treatment preference. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E631–E637, 2016
Response to Denosumab Treatment for 2 Years in an Adolescent With Osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Vázquez M Angeles , Pérez-Temprano Ramón , Montoya M José , Giner Mercè , Carpio José , Pérez-Cano Ramon 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Radiotherapy, an essential component of cancer treatment, is not without risk to bone, particularly to the immature or growing skeleton. Known side effects range from post-radiation osteitis to osteoradionecrosis. We report the case of a 14-year-old male patient undergoing denosumab treatment, a new antiresorptive agent, for osteoradionecrosis. The patient exhibited fractures and associated pain and functional limitations secondary to radiation for the treatment of an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of prostate grade III administered at age 5 years. After treatment with denosumab, the pain disappeared, bone remodeling markers dramatically declined, bone mass increased, and pathological bone scan findings resolved without adverse effects or new fractures. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Intestinal Depletion of NaPi-IIb/Slc34a2 in Mice: Renal and Hormonal Adaptation
Authors: Hernando Nati , Myakala Komuraiah , Simona Fabia , Knöpfel Thomas , Thomas Linto , Murer Heini , Wagner Carsten A , Biber Jürg 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

The Na+-dependent phosphate-cotransporter NaPi-IIb (SLC34A2) is widely expressed, with intestine, lung, and testis among the organs with highest levels of mRNA abundance. In mice, the intestinal expression of NaPi-IIb is restricted to the ileum, where the cotransporter localizes specifically at the brush border membrane (BBM) and mediates the active transport of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Constitutive full ablation of NaPi-IIb is embryonically lethal whereas the global but inducible removal of the transporter in young mice leads to intestinal loss of Pi and lung calcifications. Here we report the generation of a constitutive but intestinal-specific NaPi-IIb/Slc34a2–deficient mouse model. Constitutive intestinal ablation of NaPi-IIb results in viable pups with normal growth. Homozygous mice are characterized by fecal wasting of Pi and complete absence of Na/Pi cotransport activity in BBM vesicles (BBMVs) isolated from ileum. In contrast, the urinary excretion of Pi is reduced in these animals. The plasma levels of Pi are similar in wild-type and NaPi-IIb–deficient mice. In females, the reduced phosphaturia associates with higher expression of NaPi-IIa and higher Na/Pi cotransport activity in renal BBMVs, as well as with reduced plasma levels of intact FGF-23. A similar trend is found in males. Thus, NaPi-IIb is the only luminal Na+-dependent Pi transporter in the murine ileum and its absence is fully compensated for in adult females by a mechanism involving the bone-kidney axis. The contribution of this mechanism to the adaptive response is less apparent in adult males. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.