bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expressive syntax in the vertical context of speech
Authors: Гагарина Л.С. 
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается проблема эксплицитного и имплицитного в высказывании. Цель работы состоит в изучении связи имплицитности высказывания с его синтаксисом на примере вертикального контекста речи — особого концептуально-семантического и структурного типа дискурса, содержащего несобственно-прямую речь как способ передачи чужого высказывания. Выбор объекта исследования составляет его новизну. Результатом работы является выявление факторов, определяющих наличие в тексте явлений экспрессивного синтаксиса, обозначающего имплицитную информацию, что подчеркивает взаимосвязь и взаимозависимость концептуального, семантического, синтаксического и коммуникативного уровней организации вертикального контекста речи.
The article focuses on the problem of the explicit and the implicit in the statement. The aim of this research is to study the link of the implicit with the syntax and the expressiveness of the statement using the example of the vertical context of speech, a conceptual, semantic and structural type of discourse, which contains free indirect speech as a means of translating the speech of others. The choice of the research object constitutes its novelty. The result of the research is to identify the factors which determine the presence in the text of the phenomena of expressive syntax designating implicit information and which emphasize the interconnection and interdependence of the conceptual, semantic, syntactic and communicative levels of organization of the vertical context of speech.
La Incidencia de las Estrategias de Aprendizaje en el Aprendizaje del Inglés y en el Desarrollo del Pensamiento Crítico
Authors: Barandica Sabalza Eunice Esther 
Published: August 2024

Los avances en la sociedad del siglo XXI le exigen a la educación habilitar espacios de formación que fortalezcan el desarrollo humano y social, donde los sujetos puedan desarrollar habilidades reflexivas, críticas y creativas; ser autónomos y competentes para enfrentar los retos individuales y los relacionados con la ciudadanía local y global. El propósito central de este estudio se enfoca en precisar qué tipo de estrategias están implementando los estudiantes de educación secundaria en el aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera y en determinar cómo las estrategias de aprendizaje, en conjunto, fortalecen la competencia comunicativa en la lengua meta y el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico. Para este fin, se adoptó una metodología cuantitativa, utilizando el cuestionario como instrumento estandarizado de interrogación, a 81 estudiantes, a través del cual se analizan las estrategias directas e indirectas (Directas: memorización, cognitivas y compensación; Indirectas: metacognitivas, afectivas y sociales) que frecuentemente éstos utilizan en sus procesos de aprendizaje del inglés. Los resultados indican que el fomento de las estrategias directas e indirectas de aprendizaje fortalecen en los estudiantes, no sólo los procesos comunicativos en la lengua extranjera, sino también promueven la autonomía, la toma de conciencia de sus procesos de aprendizaje, el desarrollo de habilidades interpretativas, analíticas, evaluativas y socioafectivas, orientadas al fortalecimiento del ser desde su pluridimensionalidad.
Hemorragia Gastrointestinal Secundaria a Varices Esofágicas por Cirrosis Hepática Alcohólica. A Propósito de un Caso
Authors: Centeno Barahona Veronica del Rocio , Bustamante Ochoa Andrea Cecilia , Carriòn Ruilova Ximena Patricia , Maza Quizhpe Jorky Gustavo , Gutiérrez Córdova Génesis Nebraska , Galarza Sánchez Cristian Alfonso 
Published: August 2024

Introducción: La cirrosis hepática es una enfermedad crónica e irreversible del hígado que se caracteriza por la sustitución de la arquitectura normal del hígado por bandas de tejido fibroso que da como resultado una función hepática anormal como consecuencia de una lesión hepática crónica. El Objetivo general: Presentar un caso clínico de cirrosis hepática alcohólica, varices esofágicas, hemorragia gastrointestinal no especificada y gastritis intestinal crónica en paciente masculino de 58 años, que acude a consulta dolor abdominal, melenas y hematemesis. Métodos: Revisión retrospectiva, descriptiva y transversal de una historia clínica perteneciente a un paciente de 58 años, ingresado al servicio de urgencias por presentar dolor abdominal, melenas y hematemesis, durante el periodo de junio de 2024. Resultados: Se realizó un eco de abdomen con el que se confirmó el diagnóstico que se sospechaba por la clínica del paciente, lo que ayudó a afianzar el caso, se Concluyo el uso de la biopsia hepática es una herramienta diagnóstica fundamental en pacientes con cirrosis hepática, el paciente se encuentra en bajo riesgo con una puntuación de 2/3 según la escala pre-endoscópica de Rockall y Escala de Glasgow-Blatchford 13/23 además se descartaron diagnósticos presuntivos mediante uso de la ecografía abdominal.
Parabolic-like Trend in SiO Ratios throughout the Central Molecular Zone: Possible Signature of a Past Nuclear Activity in the Galactic Center
Authors: Takekawa Shunya , Oka Tomoharu , Tsujimoto Shiho , Yokozuka Hiroki , Harada Nanase , Kaneko Miyuki , Enokiya Rei , Iwata Yuhei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We report the discovery of a characteristic trend in the intensity ratios of SiO emissions across the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of our Galaxy. Using the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescope, we conducted large-scale, high-sensitivity imaging observations in molecular lines including SiO J = 2–1 and CS J = 2–1. By identifying SiO-emitting clouds and examining their intensity ratios relative to the other molecular lines, we unveiled a parabolic-like trend showing lower ratios near the Galactic nucleus, Sgr A*, with gradual increases toward the edges of the CMZ. This pattern suggests a possible outburst of the nucleus within the last ∼105 yr, which may have propagated through the entire CMZ with strong shocks. Alternatively, the observed trend may also be attributed to the destruction of small dust grains by high-energy photons. Our results can potentially lead to a new perspective on the history of nuclear activity and its impact on the surrounding molecular environment.
Simple Models, Complex Vocabularies: Developing Controlled Vocabularies for an Interdisciplinary Collection Management System in RECODE
Authors: Buschbom Jutta , Collier Ben , Woodburn Matt , Vincent Sarah , Tsai Elaine , Toth Kirstie , Spencer Marla , Smith David , Sadka Mike , Hsu Tzy-Ting , Hunn Brad , Humphries Josh , Grinberg Itan , Ellis Lucy , Dupont Steen 
Published: August 2024

Situated at the intersection of distinct stakeholder communities and their objectives, collection management systems (CMS) need to integrate and mediate a wide range of demands to provide functionality, user experience, and data fit for purpose. While metadata standards, (e.g., Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) Darwin Core (Darwin Core Task Group 2009) and its Latimer Core (Grant et al. 2024), and Pinian Core (Plinian Core Task Group 2021) extensions) and ontologies, (e.g., the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Provenance Ontology (Lebo et al. 2013) or the W3C Open Digital Rights Language (Iannella et al. 2018)) provide guidance for structuring data resources and workflows, controlled vocabularies standardize and harmonize the data content in those structures.
Controlled vocabularies contribute to differentiating dimensions of information present in metadata concepts and allow comprehensive, information-rich descriptions of reality by aiming to provide well-defined terms that can be clearly understood. Harmonized across scientific and applied disciplines as well as distributed data infrastructures, they contribute to data interoperability, findability, and reusability, and thus to the basis for data sharing and the automation of work processes.
Instead of introducing challenges for users, the presentation of context-specific subsets of terms for manual selection as well as automation of context-deducible entries can improve user experiences, work environment efficiency, and (meta)data comprehensiveness. This shifts infrastructure development to an additional layer of rules and constraints (policies) that determine interface dynamics and data validation.
Setting these theoretical considerations to the test of practice, we are sharing our experiences and insights gained during the development and implementation of the new collection management system by the RECODE (Rethinking Collections Data Ecosystems) program at the Natural History Museum, London. Controlled vocabularies and their terms constitute a major component in the CMS data model. They present challenges due to their context-specificity and hierarchical nature, for which solutions need to be found.
Daily work with controlled vocabularies requires extensive documentation with functionality for creating and tracking provenance, relationships, and mappings, as well as for versioning. There is a need for open, shared repositories and work environments that foster the versatile, user-driven development of terminologies, ontologies, mappings, and digital policies.
Physical fitness profile of primary school learners in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa
Authors: Gomwe Howard , Phiri Lesego , Marange Chioneso S. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Low levels of physical activity in high- to low-income countries, including South Africa, pose a great risk of cardiovascular-related diseases.Aim: This study aimed to assess and compare the physical fitness profile among children.Setting: The study setting comprised rural and urban primary school learners in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa.Methods: A cross-sectional study was adopted utilising a randomly selected sample of boys and girls aged 9–14 years. Physical fitness measures were assessed using the Euro-fit test battery. Some parametric tests were used for mean comparisons of the various anthropometric measurements and physical fitness characteristics across demographics.Results: The sample consisted of 870 primary school learners. The average weight and height of the sample were 39.29 ± 10.34 kg and 144.06 ± 10.81 cm, respectively, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 18.80 ± 4.11 kg/m2. The results showed that boys reported significantly high levels of physical fitness. Sit-ups (p ≤ 0.001) and VO2 max (p ≤ 0.001) significantly increase with age, while all the physical fitness measures were significantly higher among rural-based learners.Conclusion: Rural-based learners and boys generally had better physical fitness performance than their peers. The effect of gender and place of residence should be considered when designing physical fitness interventions.Contribution: This study adds to the existing body of knowledge about the effect of demographic factors on the physical fitness profile of children, where boys and rural-based learners are reported to be more physically fit than their counterparts.
Comparative analysis of PDL1 and cluster of differentiation 68 marker expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients: Correlation with depth of invasion and immunofluorescence through immunohistochemistry
Authors: Shahabinejad Mehdi , Bagheri Shirvan Siavash , Fatemi Golnaz , Mohajer Tehran Farnaz 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Over the past 5 years, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has increased. Both programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) are overexpressed in various carcinomas. Consequently, evaluating the expression of CD68 and PD-L1 in HNSCC lesions may lead to detecting a possible marker for HNSCC. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of PDL1 and CD68 markers in a patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and examine its relationship with depth of invasion (DOI) and immunofluorescence (IF) through immunohistochemistry.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Thirty-four paraffin blocks and demographic information of 15 female and 19 male OSCC patients were collected. Following sample preparations, immunohistochemical staining was performed. Subsequently, each tissue section was analyzed for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by CD68 marker and PD-L1 expression. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (version 25). Chi-square, Shapiro–Wilk, and independent t-analytical tests were employed for statistical assessments. P < 0.05 was remarked as statistically significant.

Results:
CD68 and PDL1 expression in the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) group was higher than the control group (P < 0.001). There was an increasing expression of PDL1 and CD68 as the grade of the disease progressed (P < 0.001 for each), as well as an increasing expression of IF and DOI.

Conclusion:
The expression levels of CD68 and PDL1 were elevated in SCC tissues in comparison to the unaffected, healthy parts of the tissue section.
Influence of temperament on children’s cooperation during dental treatment
Authors: Mehrabkhani Maryam , Khanmohammdi Razie , Nematollahi Hosein , Rajabi Nikoo , Gheidari Ali 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The etiologies of childhood dental fear/dental behavior management problems have been extensively studied, especially the role of children’s temperaments. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperament and its associated variables on the anxiety and cooperation level of preschool children in a dental clinic.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study involved 103, 4–6-year-old patients (39 boys and 64 girls). The children’s parents or guardians completed the Child Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS) Dental Subscale and the Malhotra temperament questionnaire before the treatment. Patients’ anxiety and cooperation levels were then assessed through three distinct treatment stages of fluoride therapy, injection of local anesthesia, and drilling, by applying the Venham anxiety and clinical cooperation scales. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Chi-square tests. The significance level of 0.05 was deemed relevant in the analysis.

Results:
A significant correlation was established between the mean of CFSS and the variety of temperament (P = 0.001). Anxiety and uncooperative behavior during injection and drilling were strongly related to lower sociability scores. Furthermore, higher anxiety during the drilling stage was related to higher impulsivity scores.

Conclusion:
The evaluation of children’s anxiety and cooperation in dental clinics heavily relies on temperament and certain related factors, such as sociability. These variables serve as crucial benchmarks in understanding and assessing the psychological state of children during dental procedures.
A Case Report on Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome in Pregnancy
Authors: Ashwini K. N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPWS) is a rare congenital pre-excitation syndrome characterised by the presence of an accessory pathway that predisposes to tachyarrhythmia and sudden death. A 26-year-old G4P1L1A2 woman was admitted at 11 weeks of gestation with complaints of headache, vomiting, chest pain and palpitation. ECG elicited supraventricular tachycardia, short PR interval and wide QRS complex. With a reactive non-stress test, the patient was continuously monitored and treated with beta-blockers. Both pregnancy and the WPWS aggravate each other’s tendency to produce arrhythmias. Adequate preparation with fluid preloading and positioning, securing appropriate drugs and emergency equipment, avoidance of tachyarrhythmia and prompt treatment on occurrence is required for the safety of both the mother and the foetus. Prompt diagnosis and rigorous and collaborative team management are very essential to save the patient’s life.
Investigation of Wastewater Treatment Plant Behavior for Residential Community within 1 Year
Authors: Mareai Basim M. , Marshdi Qosai Sahib Radi , Hussein Hadeel M. , Al-Khafaji Zainab S. , Al-Husseinawi Fatimah , Abdulrahim Firas R. , Janabi Amjed S. Kamil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The effluent generated from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a mixture of several chemicals, including, salts, chemical solvents, strong acidic, and alkaline so the study aimed to investigate the performance and characterization of the WWTP in a residential community to evaluate within the limits of the design of the plant.

Methods:
For the studying performance of (WWTP), the samples were collected before interred the treatment unit (influent) and after exiting from the treatment unit (effluent) in 24 plastic bottles for each time during 1 year, and used for analysis as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solid (TSS), PO4, nitrate, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, and oil, and grease (O and G) parameters and investigated the efficiency of remove to BOD, COD, TSS, and O and G.

Results:
Results showed the removal efficiency of BOD, COD, TSS, O and G and PO4 in the WWTP as 91%, 82.8%, 83.5%, 67.4%, and 64.7%, respectively, from June 7, 2018, to December 16, 2018. The experimental results indicated that the period from January to March demonstrates the best removal efficiency of COD. Furthermroe, it indicated that suddenly changing amounts in influent had an adverse decrease in the efficiency of biological systems.

Conclusions:
The performance of SBR was good which was reflected in the final effluent. The finding may back to cumulating high parameter amounts that inhibit microorganism activities when all nutrients were low in the wastewater that wanted to microorganism’s growth. The results proved the solubility of effluent to be discharged on the sewer system and used for irrigation purposes (based on its characteristics).
Proportion of Emergency Cesarean Section in Maternity Hospitals in Kirkuk Governorate, in 2022–2023
Authors: Khalaf Enas Ibrahim , Al-Kaseer Eman Adnan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Emergency cesarean sections are undertaken before or during labor when there is an immediate concern for the mother or the fetus. Inadequate maternal management and unreliable referral systems are responsible for the massive incidence of emergency cesarean section.

Objectives:
This study aims to identify the rate of emergency cesarean section in Kirkuk governorate.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the postoperative Obstetrical and Gynecological wards in Azadi Teaching Hospital and Kirkuk General Hospital, Kirkuk, Iraq, from December 1st, 2022, to February 28th, 2023. Four hundred women, who have had cesarean sections, were directly interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Official approval was obtained. Categorical data were analyzed using the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
One hundred and ninety-nine (49.8%) mothers were within 26–35 years of age. One hundred and forty-three (35.8%) had an emergency cesarean section, whereas 257 (64.3%) had an elective cesarean section. Emergency indications included failure to progress 45 (31.5%), cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) 36 (25.2%), fetal distress 32 (22.4%), and severe preeclampsia 22 (15.4%). Poor pregnancy outcomes included bad obstetrical history 49 (12.3%), macrosomia 7 (1.8%), premature rupture of membrane 4 (1.0%), and postterm 21 (5.3%). Elective cesarean sections were significantly higher in husbands >35 years, with husbands’ education (primary school), parity of 2–4, and with no pregnancy-induced hypertension (P = 0.035, P = 0.034, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001), respectively. Emergency cesarean sections (CSs) were significantly higher among diabetic mothers; P = 0.022.

Conclusions:
One-third of all CSs in Kirkuk were done as emergency operations with failure to progress, CPD, and fetal distress as the main indications.
Low Attendance of Lectures among Medical Students
Authors: Hanoon Yossra Khalaf , Hadi Zeena Mohammed Fahmi , Al-Ani Waleed Arif 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Absenteeism is defined as the frequent nonattendance from classes with no reasonable cause. Nonattendance affects the teaching–learning practice and affects the well-being of the class. Causes given by students for absenteeism were lack of time, illness boring, or unexciting lecture topics.

Aim of the Study:
The aim of this study was to determine the absenteeism behavior among students of the medical college of Al-Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, to find out the causes behind lectures’ nonattendance, and to demonstrate the rate of the most common causes.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study, descriptive study, was conducted at Al-Mustansiriyah University, College of Medicine, with a convenient sample from the third, fourth, and fifth classes, in March 2019 for 3 weeks, using a special questionnaire was made especially for the purpose of the study, and data analysis was performed using Excel trial version software and the use of descriptive statistical techniques.

Results:
About two-thirds of the students missed approximately 0–5 lectures per week. The qualities of lecturers, their training, and the relationship they have with the students appear to play a role in attending lectures. The results show that about one-third of students consider the difficult subject and their desire to benefit from the lecture influenced their decision to attend. The most common cause chosen for nonattendance was having an examination on the next day, about 66%, and lecturer expression was 63%. The most common cause for missing morning lectures was traffic problems, 53%.

Conclusion:
The lecture attendance rate was low, and the main reasons for absenteeism from lectures were the presence of the examination, poor lecturer teaching style, and boring lecture topics.