bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent Fingerprint Visualization using a Scanning Kelvin Probe in Conjunction with Vacuum Metal Deposition
Authors: Dafydd Hefin , Williams Geraint , Bleay Stephen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe application of vacuum metal deposition before scanning Kelvin probe visualization of fingerprints is investigated. The potential contrast between fingerprint ridges and furrows is maximized by the use of silver deposition for non‐noble metals and gold–zinc deposition for noble metals. The higher susceptibility of eccrine fingerprints to vacuum metal overdeposition is confirmed. Additionally, fingerprints are best developed individually and by building the metal deposition slowly to protect against overdevelopment and variation in the rate of metal condensation. The progress of the metal deposition can be monitored using the scanning Kelvin probe by reference to the change in potential and continuity of the new potential on the surface. The use of acetic acid solution for the recovery of overVMD‐developed samples is shown not to be useful. Applying the metal deposition has the additional prospect of increasing surface conductivity and homogeneity and both can aid fingerprint visualization using the scanning Kelvin probe.
Combustion and Toxic Gas Production from Disposable Barbecues in Enclosures
Authors: Crewe Robert J. , Andrews Stephen P. , Hull T. Richard , Birbeck Paul N. , Stec Anna A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe production of carbon monoxide from disposable barbecues in an enclosed room has been investigated. Hazard calculations have shown that lethal concentrations of CO and CO2 can be produced easily. Burning rates and the relative formation of CO and CO2 depend on the ambient oxygen concentration. Smoke does not correlate with CO concentration as it is mostly produced by the combustion of volatile hydrocarbons added to facilitate ignition. In a typical room, this results in smoke clearing before the maximum CO concentration is reached. Smoke obscuration is therefore a poor indicator of the danger posed by CO. This is an important observation for those discovering or attempting to resuscitate or rescue comatose victims. Dilution caused by ventilation is described numerically and has allowed total volumes of CO and CO2 produced to be estimated.
A Safer Method for Body Restoration Following Autopsy
Authors: Duflou Johan , McNamara Bradley , Cluney Robert 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRestoration of autopsy incisions can result in inadvertent needle stick injury to the prosector, which can be difficult to prevent even with the use of personal protective equipment such as Kevlar cut resistant gloves. We present a new technique for closure of autopsy incisions using a commonly available commercial hardware tool, a hole punch with a lever enhanced action, combined with blunt probe sewing, which results in an esthetic and leak‐proof means of restoring cadavers. This technique is especially useful in cases which may pose blood‐borne infection risks to the prosector.
The Role of DNA‐Stained Currency in Gang Robberies within the United Kingdom
Authors: Mead Breanna K. , Hayward James , Liang Benjamin , Wan MeiLin , Benson Tony , Karp Jennifer 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCash‐and‐valuables‐in‐transit (CViT) robberies have become a substantial problem—especially in the current global economy. Over £19.4 million were stolen in 2008 and £17.1 million in 2009 in the United Kingdom alone. The transportation of cash and valuable items between financial institutions has long been a target of robberies in the U.K. After a robbery has occurred, police collect evidence in the form of ink‐stained currency. These stained notes are submitted for analysis. Samples are subjected to polymerase chain reaction in order to amplify any possible botanically derived DNA markers present on the notes. After amplification, capillary electrophoresis allows for the deciphering of the “DNA profile.” The DNA profile is then linked to a particular cash box, and this information is compared with records of whether or not that box had been stolen. The cases below are three such instances where botanically marked currency was used to help solve robberies.
The “Bestie di Satana” Murders
Authors: Birkhoff Jutta , Candelli Chiara , Zeroli Stefania , La Tegola Donatella , Carabellese Felice 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn recent years, satanic groups have been responsible for various types and degrees of crimes. We report the case of a number of murders committed inItaly by a group of young people calling themselves the “Bestie diSatana”. Forensic psychiatric assessment of the members of a satanic sect charged with the crime revealed that all the young people had a fragile, immature personality, a very low level of education and were socially disadvantaged. The trial of the members of the “Bestie diSatana” sect was concluded with the verdict of deliberate murder, and all the members were given long jail sentences. This report should lead us to explore social and cultural responses to juvenile satanism, statistically shown to be a relatively rare phenomenon but with a high criminal potential.
Review article: Burnout in emergency medicine physicians
Authors: Arora Manit , Asha Stephen , Chinnappa Jason , Diwan Ashish D 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTraining and the practice of emergency medicine are stressful endeavours, placing emergency medicine physicians at risk of burnout. Burnout syndrome is associated with negative outcomes for patients, institutions and the physician. The aim of this review is to summarise the available literature on burnout among emergency medicine physicians and provide recommendations for future work in this field. A search of MEDLINE (1946–present) (search terms: ‘Burnout, Professional’ AND ‘Emergency Medicine’ AND ‘Physicians’; ‘Stress, Psychological’ AND ‘Emergency Medicine’ AND ‘Physicians’) and EMBASE (1988–present) (search terms: ‘Burnout’ AND ‘Emergency Medicine’ AND ‘Physicians’; ‘Mental Stress’ AND ‘Emergency Medicine’ AND ‘Physicians’) was performed. The authors focused on articles that assessed burnout among emergency medicine physicians. Most studies used the Maslach Burnout Inventory to quantify burnout, allowing for cross‐study (and cross‐country) comparisons. Emergency medicine has burnout levels in excess of 60% compared with physicians in general (38%). Despite this, most emergency medicine physicians (>60%) are satisfied with their jobs. Both work‐related (hours of work, years of practice, professional development activities, non‐clinical duties etc.) and non‐work‐related factors (age, sex, lifestyle factors etc.) are associated with burnout. Despite the heavy burnout rates among emergency medicine physicians, little work has been performed in this field. Factors responsible for burnout among various emergency medicine populations should be determined, and appropriate interventions designed to reduce burnout.
Involuntary admissions under the Mental Health Act 2007 (New South Wales): A comparison of patients detained by ambulance officers, medical practitioners and accredited persons in an emergency department
Authors: Cutler Dawn , Smith Mechelle , Wand Timothy , Green Timothy , Dinh Michael , Gribble Robert 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe Mental Health Act (MHA) 2007 (New South Wales [NSW]) is used to transport to, detain and treat individuals in a mental health facility. Patients are frequently taken to EDs under the MHA or detained in the ED for a mental health assessment. In NSW, medical practitioners, accredited persons, police and more recently ambulance officers, are authorised to write certificates under the MHA. There is an absence of research on the use of the MHA in NSW EDs. The primary research question for this study was: ‘What is the involuntary admission rate for persons detained under the MHA in an NSW tertiary referral ED?’MethodsAfter gaining ethics approval, the research team prospectively collected the MHA certificates written for patients in the ED over a 3 month period from February to May 2011. The research team reviewed the MHA certificate and medical records to characterise demographics, outcome, length of stay in ED and certificate suitability. Outcomes of interest were involuntary psychiatric admission or any inpatient admission, and were compared between the different professional groups completing the certificate.ResultsThe involuntary admission rate for patients certified by ambulance officers under the NSW MHA was 27%, compared with a 60% involuntary admission rate when certified by medical practitioners or accredited persons. The mean average length of stay in the ED for patients certified under the MHA was 10 h. Seventy‐five per cent of patients presented out of hours.ConclusionAmbulance officer certification was a poor predictor of involuntary psychiatric admission in the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Emergency Department. ED physicians should have the authority to revoke the certificate if, following assessment and treatment, the patient no longer fulfils criteria for detention under the MHA.
Clinical research priorities in emergency medicine
Authors: Keijzers Gerben , Thom Ogilvie , Taylor David , Knott Jonathan ,   Clinical Trials Group, Australasian College for Emergency Medicine
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the clinical research priorities of Fellows of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) in order to inform the strategic research agenda specific to multicentre clinical research.MethodsAn anonymous survey of all ACEM Fellows (FACEMs) listed on the ACEM researcher database was conducted between January and March 2013.ResultsOf 108 FACEMs invited to participate, 54 (50%) responded. Over half of respondents (61%) had a higher research degree but only a minority (24%) had funded research positions. The top research categories identified as priorities were resuscitation, trauma, cardiology, ED ultrasound, acute behavioural disturbance and geriatrics. The most common specific sub‐categories included anterior chest pain, fluid resuscitation in trauma, and drug therapy for both atrial fibrillation and acute behavioural disturbance. Several specific research questions related to chest pain, resuscitation/sepsis, stroke, paediatrics and pulmonary embolus.ConclusionThe findings provide guidance and support for research areas amenable to collaborative multicentre clinical research within emergency medicine. Discussion rounds are planned to translate these perceived research priorities to actual priorities.
Bacterial microbiome of Coptotermes curvignathus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) reflects the coevolution of species and dietary pattern
Authors: King Jie Hung Patricia , Mahadi Nor Muhammad , Bong Choon Fah Joseph , Ong Kian Huat , Hassan Osman 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCoptotermes curvignathus Holmgren is capable of feeding on living trees. This ability is attributed to their effective digestive system that is furnished by the termite's own cellulolytic enzymes and cooperative enzymes produced by their gut microbes. In this study, the identity of an array of diverse microbes residing in the gut of C. curvignathus was revealed by sequencing the near‐full‐length 16S rRNA genes. A total of 154 bacterial phylotypes were found. The Bacteroidetes was the most abundant phylum and accounted for about 65% of the gut microbial profile. This is followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Spirochetes, Proteobacteria, TM7, Deferribacteres, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Termite Group 1. Based on the phylogenetic study, this symbiosis can be a result of long coevolution of gut enterotypes with the phylogenic distribution, strong selection pressure in the gut, and other speculative pressures that determine bacterial biome to follow. The phylogenetic distribution of cloned rRNA genes in the bacterial domain that was considerably different from other termite reflects the strong selection pressures in the gut where a proportional composition of gut microbiome of C. curvignathus has established. The selection pressures could be linked to the unique diet preference of C. curvignathus that profoundly feeds on living trees. The delicate gut microbiome composition may provide available nutrients to the host as well as potential protection against opportunistic pathogen.
The Japanese ladybirds, Coccinula crotchi and Coccinula sinensis, are infected with very closely related strains of male‐killing Flavobacterium
Authors: Elnagdy Sherif , Messing Susan , Majerus Michael E. N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMale‐killing is 1 of 4 known strategies that inherited parasitic endosymbionts have evolved to manipulate their host's reproduction. In early male‐killing, infected male offspring are killed early in embryogenesis. Within the Insecta, male‐killing bacteria have been found in a wide range of hosts. The Coccinellidae families of beetles, better known as ladybirds, are particularly prone to male‐killer invasion. In samples of the coccinellid, Coccinula crotchi, from Japan, a new male‐killing bacterium was revealed by phenotypic assay. Molecular genetic analysis revealed the identity to be a tetracycline‐sensitive Flavobacterium that causes female‐biased offspring sex ratio. Furthermore, that Flavobacterium strain was found to be closely related to the Flavobacterium causing male‐killing in the congeneric Japanese coccinellid, Coccinula sinensis, which was collected from the same region. However, we found slightly different Flavobacterium strains infecting C. sinensis from regions with different environmental conditions. This may be an indication of horizontal transmission of male‐killing Flavobacterium between these 2 ladybird spices. Finally, environmental conditions may affect the spread of male‐killing bacteria among their hosts.
Role of Testosterone in the Pathogenesis, Progression, Prognosis and Comorbidity of Men With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Dousdampanis Periklis , Trigka Konstantina , Fourtounas Costas , Bargman Joanne M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTestosterone deficiency and hypogonadism are common conditions in men with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A disturbed hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis due to CKD is thought to contribute to androgen deficiency. Data from experimental studies support the hypothesis that exogenous administration of testosterone may induce the activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), the production of endothelin and the regulation of anti‐ or/and proinflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and kidney damage. On the other hand, low testosterone levels in male patients with CKD are paradoxically associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, possibly explained by anemia, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. In this article, we present an overview of clinical and experimental studies of the impact of testosterone on the progression and prognosis of male patients with CKD; even today, this remains a controversial issue.
Serum Hepcidin Levels Are Associated With Serum Triglycerides and Interleukin‐6 Concentrations in Patients With End‐Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Samouilidou Elisabeth , Pantelias Konstantinos , Petras Dimitrios , Tsirpanlis George , Bakirtzi Joulia , Chatzivasileiou George , Tzanatos Helen , Grapsa Eirini 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHepcidin has emerged as a peptide with a key role in the regulation of iron homeostasis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), having a strong dependence on inflammation. Recent studies reveal that hepcidin may be also associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. This study was performed to analyze the relation of hepcidin to markers of atherosclerosis and inflammation in patients on dialysis. A total of 90 individuals were enrolled. Sixty patients with end‐stage renal disease, who were on hemodialysis (HD) (N = 30) and peritoneal dialysis (N = 30) were compared with 30 normal controls (NC). Age, body mass index, time on dialysis, serum lipids, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were measured and analyzed in correlation with hepcidin concentration. It was found that patients on HD and peritoneal dialysis have significantly higher (P < 0.0001) levels of hepcidin, CRP and IL‐6 than NC. Hepcidin in dialysis patients is significantly related to age (r = 0.373, P = 0.012), serum triglycerides (r = 0.401, P = 0.005), HDL‐C (r = −0.268, P = 0.048), CRP (r = 0.436, P = 0.0007) and IL‐6 (r = 0.569, P < 0.0001). In multiple regression analysis, hepcidin correlated independently with triglycerides (β = 0.402, P = 0.041) and IL‐6 (β = 0.559, P = 0.006). Moreover, patients with high triglycerides in combination with high IL‐6 levels have significantly increased concentrations of hepcidin than those with low triglycerides and low IL‐6 levels (P < 0.0001). Elevated levels of hepcidin in patients with CKD on dialysis may be related to the occurrence of high triglycerides and high IL‐6 serum concentrations. This probably suggests that hepcidin may play a role to the progression of atherosclerosis and inflammation, but this hypothesis should be further evaluated.
Periodontal Treatment Reduces Chronic Systemic Inflammation in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Siribamrungwong Monchai , Yothasamutr Kasemsuk , Puangpanngam Kutchaporn 
Published: October 2013

AbstractChronic systemic inflammation, a non traditional risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, is associated with increasing mortality in chronic kidney disease, especially peritoneal dialysis patients. Periodontitis is a potential treatable source of systemic inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients. Clinical periodontal status was evaluated in 32 stable chronic peritoneal dialysis patients by plaque index and periodontal disease index. Hematologic, blood chemical, nutritional, and dialysis‐related data as well as highly sensitive C‐reactive protein were analyzed before and after periodontal treatment. At baseline, high sensitive C‐reactive protein positively correlated with the clinical periodontal status (plaque index; r = 0.57, P < 0.01, periodontal disease index; r = 0.56, P < 0.01). After completion of periodontal therapy, clinical periodontal indexes were significantly lower and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein significantly decreased from 2.93 to 2.21 mg/L. Moreover, blood urea nitrogen increased from 47.33 to 51.8 mg/dL, reflecting nutritional status improvement. Erythropoietin dosage requirement decreased from 8000 to 6000 units/week while hemoglobin level was stable. Periodontitis is an important source of chronic systemic inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients. Treatment of periodontal diseases can improve systemic inflammation, nutritional status and erythropoietin responsiveness in peritoneal dialysis patients.
Subdivision Policy and Planning for Bushfire Defence: A Natural Hazard Mitigation Strategy for Residential Peri‐Urban Regions in Victoria, Australia
Authors: BOND TESSA , MERCER DAVID 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFrom time to time, catastrophic bushfires cause substantial losses of life and property in southern Australia. Moreover, recent analyses of longitudinal fire weather behaviour point to a steady increase in the Forest Fire Danger Index. Although natural hazards such as bushfires can rarely be prevented, effective hazard‐mitigation strategies can manage and lessen the impact on humans and the environment. This paper investigates subdivision design as one such mitigation technique. Roads and other forms of access are vital to successful bushfire response by fire brigades. The research examines the effectiveness of current policy to provide adequate access and suppression opportunities for firefighters in peri‐urban areas, with particular reference to Victoria. Subdivision policies applicable to development in bushfire‐prone areas throughout Australia and the United States are assessed and compared. Interviews with firefighters, planners, and researchers provided insight into the key components of the road network which facilitate firefighter access and identified major shortfalls of current policy and practice in Victoria.
Enduring mentoring partnership: A reflective case study and recommendations for evaluating mentoring in dietetics
Authors: Hawker Jillian , McMillan Anita , Palermo Claire 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThere are little published data on the effectiveness and outcomes of mentoring in nutrition and dietetics. The aim of this case study was to determine the characteristics of an effective and enduring mentoring partnership.MethodsA qualitative case study research approach using critical reflexivity was used to examine a mentoring relationship. Mentoring partnership data were collected through memory work and the review of written records was kept by the mentor and mentee of their meetings. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach and rigor enhanced through triangulation of data analysis.ResultsSix key themes emerged from the data. Compatibility and commitment to the mentoring partnership by mentor and mentee were essential elements in this relationship. The mentee found that long‐term support offered by the mentor and facilitation of reflective practice were the key benefits of the relationship. The mentor found it rewarding to observe the mentee's development from new graduate to experienced and confident practitioner and learned skills in facilitating learning. The experience has helped the mentor take a more proactive and outcome‐based approach to her mentoring relationships.ConclusionsSole practitioners, in the absence of the support from supervisors and coworkers, may benefit more from mentoring beyond the provisional year. There is a need for the provision of training opportunities for those dietitians wishing to embark on a mentoring role as most mentors learn on the job. The profession needs to look at ways of measuring the effectiveness of mentoring partnerships.
Current practice in nutrition assessment for the management of Parkinson's disease in Australia and Canada
Authors: Sheard Jamie M , Ash Susan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo document and compare current practice in nutrition assessment of Parkinson's disease by dietitians in Australia and Canada in order to identify priority areas for review and development of practice guidelines and direct future research.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to DAA (Dietitians Association of Australia) members and PEN (Practice‐based Evidence in Nutrition) subscribers through their email newsletters. The survey captured current practice in the phases of the Nutrition Care Plan. The results of the assessment phase are presented here.ResultsEighty‐four dietitians responded. Differences in practice existed in the choice of nutrition screening and assessment tools, including appropriate body mass index ranges. Nutrition impact symptoms were commonly assessed, but information about Parkinson's disease medication interactions was not consistently assessed.ConclusionsThe variation in practice related to the use of screening and assessment methods may result in the identification of different goals for subsequent interventions. Even more practice variation was evident for those items more specific to Parkinson's disease and may be due to the lack of evidence to guide practice. Further research is required to support decisions for nutrition assessment of Parkinson's disease.