bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust ROI Detection in Whole Slide Images Guided by Pathologists’ Viewing Patterns
Authors: Ghezloo Fatemeh , Chang Oliver H. , Knezevich Stevan R. , Shaw Kristin C. , Thigpen Kia Gianni , Reisch Lisa M. , Shapiro Linda G. , Elmore Joann G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Deep learning techniques offer improvements in computer-aided diagnosis systems. However, acquiring image domain annotations is challenging due to the knowledge and commitment required of expert pathologists. Pathologists often identify regions in whole slide images with diagnostic relevance rather than examining the entire slide, with a positive correlation between the time spent on these critical image regions and diagnostic accuracy. In this paper, a heatmap is generated to represent pathologists’ viewing patterns during diagnosis and used to guide a deep learning architecture during training. The proposed system outperforms traditional approaches based on color and texture image characteristics, integrating pathologists’ domain expertise to enhance region of interest detection without needing individual case annotations. Evaluating our best model, a U-Net model with a pre-trained ResNet-18 encoder, on a skin biopsy whole slide image dataset for melanoma diagnosis, shows its potential in detecting regions of interest, surpassing conventional methods with an increase of 20%, 11%, 22%, and 12% in precision, recall, F1-score, and Intersection over Union, respectively. In a clinical evaluation, three dermatopathologists agreed on the model’s effectiveness in replicating pathologists’ diagnostic viewing behavior and accurately identifying critical regions. Finally, our study demonstrates that incorporating heatmaps as supplementary signals can enhance the performance of computer-aided diagnosis systems. Without the availability of eye tracking data, identifying precise focus areas is challenging, but our approach shows promise in assisting pathologists in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, streamlining annotation processes, and aiding the training of new pathologists.
Image-Based Computational Fluid Dynamics to Compare Two Repair Techniques for Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Bennati Lorenzo , Puppini Giovanni , Giambruno Vincenzo , Luciani Giovanni Battista , Vergara Christian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
The treatment of mitral valve prolapse involves two distinct repair techniques: chordal replacement (Neochordae technique) and leaflet resection (Resection technique). However, there is still a debate in the literature about which is the optimal one. In this context, we performed an image-based computational fluid dynamic study to evaluate blood dynamics in the two surgical techniques.

Methods
We considered a healthy subject (H) and two patients (N and R) who underwent surgery for prolapse of the posterior leaflet and were operated with the Neochordae and Resection technique, respectively. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed with prescribed motion of the entire left heart coming from cine-MRI images, with a Large Eddy Simulation model to describe the transition to turbulence and a resistive method for managing valve dynamics. We created three different virtual scenarios where the operated mitral valves were inserted in the same left heart geometry of the healthy subject to study the differences attributed only to the two techniques.

Results
We compared the three scenarios by quantitatively analyzing ventricular velocity patterns and pressures, transition to turbulence, and the ventricle ability to prevent thrombi formation. From these results, we found that the operative techniques affected the ventricular blood dynamics in different ways, with variations attributed to the reduced mobility of the Resection posterior leaflet. Specifically, the Resection technique resulted in turbulent forces, related with the risk of hemolysis formation, up to 640 Pa, while the other two scenarios exhibited a maximum of 240 Pa. Moreover, in correspondence of the ventricular apex, the Resection technique reduced the areas with low velocity to 15%, whereas the healthy case and the Neochordae case maintained these areas at 30 and 48%, respectively. Our findings suggest that the Neochordae technique developed a more physiological flow with respect to the Resection technique.

Conclusion
Resection technique gives rise to a different direction of the mitral jet during diastole increasing the ability to washout the ventricular apex preventing from thrombi formation, but at the same time it promotes turbulence formation that is associated with ventricular effort and risk of hemolysis.
Evidence generalization-based discounting method: assigning unreliable information to partial ignorance
Authors: Hu Qiying , Zhou Qianli , Li Zhen , Deng Yong , Cheong Kang Hao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConflict management is an important topic when dealing with unreliable sources information fusion in Dempster–Shafer theory. Discounting unreliable bodies of evidence has proven to be effective to decrease conflict. Based on the generalization of belief functions, a new generalization-based discounting method is proposed. When resolving conflicts with the same degree, our method can realize less information loss in comparison with other discounting methods. By simulating the process of resolving conflicts of randomly generated bodies of evidence, using entropy measurements and binary conflict as evaluation index, we show our method’s rationality and superiority. Finally, the hyperparameters of the conflict metrics are generated and generalization-based discounting is applied to classify real-world datasets. The improved classification performance further illustrates the usefulness of the method.
Multiplex antibiotic susceptibility testing of urinary tract infections using an electrochemical lab-on-a-chip
Authors: Crane Benjamin , Iles Alex , Banks Craig E. , Rashid Mamun , Linton Patricia E. , Shaw Kirsty J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUrinary tract infections (UTIs) represent the most prevalent type of outpatient infection, with significant adverse health and economic burdens. Current culture-based antibiotic susceptibility testing can take up to 72 h resulting in ineffective prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics, poor clinical outcomes and development of further antibiotic resistance. We report an electrochemical lab-on-a-chip (LOC) for testing samples against seven clinically-relevant antibiotics. The LOC contained eight chambers, each housing an antibiotic-loaded hydrogel (cephalexin, ceftriaxone, colistin, gentamicin, piperacillin, trimethoprim, vancomycin) or antibiotic-free control, alongside a resazurin bulk-modified screen-printed electrode for electrochemical detection of metabolically active bacteria using differential pulse voltammetry. Antibiotic susceptibility in simulated UTI samples or donated human urine with either Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae could be established within 85 min. Incorporating electrochemical detection onto a LOC provides an inexpensive, simple method for the sensitive determination of antibiotic susceptibility that is significantly faster than using a culture-based approach.
Can Good Information Prevent Misconduct? The Role of Organizational Epistemic Virtues for Ethical Behavior
Authors: Meyer Marco , Li Tong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explores epistemic virtue as a new lens to scrutinize organizational behavior. Organizational epistemic virtues are the qualities of organizations that support the creation, sharing, and retaining of knowledge. We study how well organizations handle information and if that can prevent organizational misconduct. We propose a theoretical framework to link epistemic virtue to the prevention of misconduct and test this model using data from 822 U.S. companies. These companies are scored on six epistemic virtues by analyzing over one million online employee reviews using natural language processing. We focus on the epistemic virtues of curiosity, epistemic beneficence, epistemic justice, epistemic integration, humility, and open-mindedness. We find that companies with these virtues engage in less corporate misconduct, measured in terms of the number of penalties imposed by government agencies. We also give practitioners a framework to assess the epistemic virtues of organizations.
Advances in the molecular biology of the solitary fibrous tumor and potential impact on clinical applications
Authors: Ren Chongmin , D’Amato Gina , Hornicek Francis J. , Tao Hao , Duan Zhenfeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare fibroblastic mesenchymal neoplasm. The current classification has merged SFT and hemangiopericytoma (HPC) into the same tumor entity, while the risk stratification models have been developed to compensate for clinical prediction. Typically, slow-growing and asymptomatic, SFT can occur in various anatomical sites, most commonly in the pleura. Histologically, SFT consists of spindle to oval cells with minimal patterned growth, surrounded by stromal collagen and unique vascular patterns. Molecularly, SFT is defined by the fusion of NGFI-A-binding protein 2 (NAB2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) genes as NAB2-STAT6. This fusion transforms NAB2 into a transcriptional activator, activating early growth response 1 (EGR1) and contributing to SFT pathogenesis and development. There are several fusion variants of NAB2-STAT6 in tumor tissues, with the most frequent ones being NAB2ex4-STAT6ex2 and NAB2ex6-STAT6ex16/ex17. Diagnostic methods play a crucial role in SFT clinical practice and basic research, including RT-PCR, next-generation sequencing (NGS), FISH, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot analysis, each with distinct capabilities and limitations. Traditional treatment strategies of SFT encompass surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, while emerging management regimes include antiangiogenic agents, immunotherapy, RNA-targeting technologies, and potential targeted drugs. This review provides an update on SFT's clinical and molecular aspects, diagnostic methods, and potential therapies.
Improving Teacher Health and Well-Being: Mixed Methods Outcomes Evaluation of the Be Well Care Well Program
Authors: Moreland Angela , Schnake Kerrie , Lessard Laura , Davies Faraday , Prowell Katelyn , Hubel Grace S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEarly Care and Education (ECE) providers earn low wages, have limited access to employer sponsored health insurance, and are at higher risk for poor health (Lessard, 2020). Evidence shows that poor ECE teacher physical and mental health is associated with decreased ability to provide quality care for young children (Esquivel et al., 2016). One potential way to improve ECE teacher health is through workplace wellness interventions. Through longitudinal surveys and qualitative interviews with ECE providers, we found that, over the course of a year, ECE providers who participated in Be Well Care Well (BWCW), a 12-month wellness program designed specifically for ECEproviders, improved significantly on measures of personal strength and resilience, worker stress, job satisfaction, motivation towards health, and engagement in physical activity, which was supported by interviews conducted by a subset of teachers. Providers’ physical activity was specifically associated with the amount of time they reported engaging in components of the BWCW intervention. Compelling data was also gathered about the experience of children in the care of ECE providers who participated in BWCW. Findings show that after participating in BWCW, teachers’ interactions with the children in their care proactively facilitate healthy social and emotional development. This provides initial evidence that BWCW is a promising approach for improving the lives of ECE providers and the quality of care they provide to young children.
Treating heart failure by targeting the vagus nerve
Authors: Gentile Francesco , Orlando Giulia , Montuoro Sabrina , Ferrari Chen Yu Fu , Macefield Vaughan , Passino Claudio , Giannoni Alberto , Emdin Michele 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIncreased sympathetic and reduced parasympathetic nerve activity is associated with disease progression and poor outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. The demonstration that markers of autonomic imbalance and vagal dysfunction, such as reduced heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity, hold prognostic value in patients with chronic heart failure despite modern therapies encourages the research for neuromodulation strategies targeting the vagus nerve. However, the approaches tested so far have yielded inconclusive results. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in chronic heart failure, describing the pathophysiological background, the methods of assessment, and the rationale, limits, and future perspectives of parasympathetic stimulation either by drugs or bioelectronic devices.
DIAPH1-Deficiency is Associated with Major T, NK and ILC Defects in Humans
Authors: Azizoglu Zehra Busra , Babayeva Royala , Haskologlu Zehra Sule , Acar Mustafa Burak , Ayaz-Guner Serife , Okus Fatma Zehra , Alsavaf Mohammad Bilal , Can Salim , Basaran Kemal Erdem , Canatan Mehmed Fatih , Ozcan Alper , Erkmen Hasret , Leblebici Can Berk , Yilmaz Ebru , Karakukcu Musa , Kose Mehmet , Canoz Ozlem , Özen Ahmet , Karakoc-Aydiner Elif , Ceylaner Serdar , Gümüş Gülsüm , Per Huseyin , Gumus Hakan , Canatan Halit , Ozcan Servet , Dogu Figen , Ikinciogullari Aydan , Unal Ekrem , Baris Safa , Eken Ahmet 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLoss of function mutations in Diaphanous related formin 1 (DIAPH1) are associated with seizures, cortical blindness, and microcephaly syndrome (SCBMS) and are recently linked to combined immunodeficiency. However, the extent of defects in T and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) remain unexplored. Herein, we characterized the primary T, natural killer (NK) and helper ILCs of six patients carrying two novel loss of function mutation in DIAPH1 and Jurkat cells after DIAPH1 knockdown. Mutations were identified by whole exome sequencing. T-cell immunophenotyping, proliferation, migration, cytokine signaling, survival, and NK cell cytotoxicity were studied via flow cytometry-based assays, confocal microscopy, and real-time qPCR. CD4+ T cell proteome was analyzed by mass spectrometry. p.R351* and p.R322*variants led to a significant reduction in the DIAPH1 mRNA and protein levels. DIAPH1-deficient T cells showed proliferation, activation, as well as TCR-mediated signaling defects. DIAPH1-deficient PBMCs also displayed impaired transwell migration, defective STAT5 phosphorylation in response to IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15. In vitro generation/expansion of Treg cells from naïve T cells was significantly reduced. shRNA-mediated silencing of DIAPH1 in Jurkat cells reduced DIAPH1 protein level and inhibited T cell proliferation and IL-2/STAT5 axis. Additionally, NK cells from patients had diminished cytotoxic activity, function and IL-2/STAT5 axis. Lastly, DIAPH1-deficient patients’ peripheral blood contained dramatically reduced numbers of all helper ILC subsets. DIAPH1 deficiency results in major functional defects in T, NK cells and helper ILCs underlining the critical role of formin DIAPH1 in the biology of those cell subsets.
Graphical Abstract
Semaglutide treatment of hypothalamic obesity – a real-life data study
Authors: Svendstrup Mathilde , Rasmussen Aase Krogh , Kistorp Caroline , Klose Marianne , Andreassen Mikkel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with tumors involving the hypothalamic region are at high risk of developing morbid obesity due to disturbances in the appetite regulative nuclei in hypothalamus. We evaluated the effect of the Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue semaglutide in patients with hypothalamic obesity.

Methods
We recorded weight changes from real-time data before and after treatment with semaglutide in patients with hypothalamic obesity from our outpatient clinic at the Department of Endocrinology at Rigshospitalet, from September 2020 to November 2023.

Results
A total of 26 patients were included in this study (15 females, median age at initiation of semaglutide was 52 (range 18–65) years). Body mass index (BMI) at initial diagnosis was median 25 (range 20–38) kg/m2 while BMI at initiation of semaglutide was median 38 (range 28–58) kg/m2. All but one patient lost weight during semaglutide treatment with a mean weight loss of 13.4 kg (95% CI 10.3–16.5 kg, p = < 0.001) after 12 months corresponding to a loss in BMI of 4.4 kg/m2 (95% CI 3.4–5.4 kg/m2, p = < 0.001) with a median dosage of semaglutide of 1.6 (range 0.5–2.5) mg. Fifteen patients (58%) lost more than 10% and two patients (8%) lost more than 20% of initial body weight, respectively.

Conclusion
Treatment with semaglutide shows promising results in reducing body weight in patients with acquired hypothalamic obesity. Whether the weight reduction remains stable after long time follow-up needs further investigation.
Real effects of capitalized research and development expenditures: a leading indicator for future innovation performance?
Authors: Herb Wolfgang , Lotze Maria , Schultze Wolfgang , Sandner Philipp 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between capitalized Research and Development (R&D) expenditures under IFRS and innovation performance measured by patent data. Under IFRS, development expenditures are capitalized when the success of an R&D investment is highly likely. Hence, such capitalization could be a leading indicator for future innovation performance. We analyze this question based on a hand-collected sample of R&D capitalization data under IFRS and patent data from the European Patent Office’s Worldwide Patent Statistical Database. We find that the capitalization rate of R&D is positively related to future patent applications and citations as measures of future innovation performance. We also find a positive association with measures of future financial performance. The results imply that the rate of R&D capitalization is informative and can be considered a leading indicator for future innovation performance.
Adapting and Validating a Survey to Assess Host Communities Support for Migration
Authors: Botello Jhon G. , Palacio Katherine , Frydenlund Erika , Llinás Humberto , Padilla Jose J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMigration presents challenges to receiving communities, as it tests their ability to respond to unexpected expenditures and social stresses. Evaluating the local impact of rapid and substantial migration flows is difficult due to the absence of a validated instrument for assessing community support for migration. Our study adapted and validated a Support for Migration Assessment survey (SMA) based on Social Exchange Theory (SET). The validation of the SMA contributes in two significant ways. First, it establishes an instrument that enables the assessment of support for migration (SFM) by considering community-level factors: trust in institutions (TII), overall community satisfaction (OCS), and perceived negative impact on infrastructure (INF). Second, the SMA extends SET to the context of migration to assess support by a receiving community. We recruited 333 survey participants between January and July 2022 using proportional stratified random sampling to measure locals’ perceptions toward the Venezuelan migrant population in Barranquilla, Colombia. The internal consistency of the factors was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha (α) and omega coefficient (ω), resulting in α = 0.88, ω = 0.89 for TII; α = 0.90, ω = 0.92 for OCS; α = 0.87, ω = 0.88 for INF; and α = 0.84, ω = 0.86 for SFM. After conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity was confirmed based on the model’s goodness of fit (CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.935, RMSEA = 0.062, SRMR = 0.076). The adapted survey demonstrates adequacy in assessing perceived community support for migration.
How to Distinguish Non-Inflammatory from Inflammatory Pain in RA?
Authors: Khot Sharmila , Tackley George , Choy Ernest 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Managing non-inflammatory pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be a huge burden for the rheumatologist. Pain that persists despite optimal RA treatment is extremely challenging for patient and physician alike. Here, we outline the latest research relevant to distinguishing non-inflammatory from inflammatory RA pain and review the current understanding of its neurobiology and management.

Recent Findings
Nociplastic pain is a recently introduced term by the international pain community. Its definition encompasses the non-inflammatory pain of RA and describes pain that is not driven by inflamed joints or compromised nerves, but that is instead driven by a functional reorganisation of the central nervous system (CNS).

Summary
Insights from all areas of nociplastic pain research, including fibromyalgia, support a personalised pain management approach for non-inflammatory pain of RA, with evidence-based guidelines favouring use of non-pharmacological interventions. Future developments include novel CNS targeting pharmacotherapeutic approaches to treat nociplastic pain.
Odontological, pathological and contextual patterns of the Late Glacial human tooth assemblage from Level E at Balma Guilanyà (south-eastern Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Arenas del Amo Sergio , López José López , Martínez-Moreno Jorge , Torcal Rafael Mora 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBalma Guilanyà shelter (north-eastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain) contains a stratigraphic sequence spanning the Late Upper Palaeolithic to early Holocene. During excavations from 1992 to 2008, seventeen human teeth, and several cranial and postcranial bones were unearthed from the layer E (Late Glacial). In this contribution, we report new unpublished dental remains, which add to the previously dental assemblage from level E at Balma Guilanyà. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated description of the morphology of this material, as well as an analysis of the MNI, age at death, and the presence of several pathologies, approaching it from a holistic vision of the teeth assemblage from the Late Glacial. This review has made it possible to diagnose a dens invaginatus, the persistence of a deciduous upper central incisor (possibly caused by a mesiodens), teeth with cavities, deep occlusal pits conducive to cariogenesis, an atypical lower second molar and several molars with fused roots. This pattern of dental anomalies attributed to a single individual (Individual III) is not usual among hunter-gatherers who lived 13,000 years ago. Likewise, the presence of enamel hypoplasia in several teeth allows us to discuss this aetiology. These new identifiers derived from the review of the dental assemblage from Balma Guilanyà can help extend our knowledge of dental pathologies and stress markers in Late Glacial Homo sapiens populations in Western Europe. Additionally, an accumulation of teeth attributed to two individuals found in a confined area of the excavation was examined. Potential scenarios were assessed regarding the arrangement of this grouping, which presents challenges in attributing its formation to post-depositional or natural processes. This pattern would have the potential to elucidate behavioural funerary practices among late glacial hunter-gatherer populations.