bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonreassuring Fetal Heart Rate Decreases Heart Rate Variability in Newborn Infants
Authors: Sheen Tzong‐Chyi , Lu Ming‐Huei , Lee Mei‐Yu , Chen Su‐Ru 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundNonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) refers to a compromised fetal condition which implies hypoxia. The influence of intrapartum hypoxia on autonomic nervous system function in early postnatal life is unknown. This study explored the influence of NRFS on the heart rate variability (HRV) of newborn infants.MethodsSingleton newborn infants delivered through Cesarean delivery (CD) with indications of elective purpose (n = 32), dystocia (n = 29), or NRFS (n = 22), and through vaginal birth (VB) (n = 80) were consecutively collected. HRV parameters including standard deviation of average NN intervals (SDANN), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), LF%, HF%, and total power (TP), were obtained for analysis in 3 days postpartum. An independent t‐test or one‐way ANOVA was used to compare differences in numeric data.ResultsSDANN, HF, HF%, and TP of newborn infants in the VB group were significantly higher than those in the CD group. The NRFS group had significantly lower SDANN, HF, and TP than those of the elective group, and significantly lower HF, HF%, and TP than those of the dystocia group.ConclusionsNewborn infants delivered through Cesarean section had lower HRV, especially those who experienced NRFS during labor. The long‐term effects of changes of HRV in neonates require further evaluation.
Children with Down's syndrome display high rates of hyperuricaemia
Authors: Kashima Ayako , Higashiyama Yukie , Kubota Masaru , Kawaguchi Chiharu , Takahashi Yukihiro , Nishikubo Toshiya 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimSeveral studies show that hyperuricaemia, abnormally high levels of uric acid in the blood, frequently occurs in adult Down's syndrome patients, but paediatric research is scarce. We aimed to clarify its prevalence in paediatric Down's syndrome patients and its association with lifestyle‐related laboratory variables and nutritional intake, to consider possible effects in later life.MethodsWe compared 52 Down's syndrome patients, from one to 15 years of age, with age‐matched controls. Hyperuricaemia was defined using reference values established for children, as uric acid z‐scores of more than 2.0. Nutritional intake was estimated using 3‐day dietary records.ResultsHyperuricaemia occurred in 17 Down's patients (32.7%) and was significantly higher in Down's patients than the controls. The prevalence was also significantly higher in males. There were no significant differences between hyperuricaemia‐positive and hyperuricaemia‐negative patients in terms of age, body mass index standard deviation scores, fasting blood glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance and triglyceride, and purine body intake was similar. There were differences in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.ConclusionWe found high rates of hyperuricaemia from early childhood in Down's syndrome patients. This suggests careful management of Down's syndrome patients, as hyperuricaemia is an independent risk factor for lifestyle‐related diseases in adulthood.
Subnormal levels of vitamin D are associated with acute wheeze in young children
Authors: Stenberg Hammar Katarina , Hedlin Gunilla , Konradsen Jon R. , Nordlund Björn , Kull Inger , Giske Christian G. , Pedroletti Christophe , Söderhäll Cilla , Melén Erik 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimThis study evaluated risk factors for acute wheeze in preschool children and investigated whether subnormal levels of vitamin D were associated with increased risk for acute wheeze, atopy or viral/bacterial respiratory infections.MethodsWe recruited 130 children with acute wheeze, aged 6 months to 4 years, from paediatric emergency departments in Stockholm, Sweden, and 101 age‐matched controls with no history of wheeze or sensitisation to airborne allergens. Parents answered standardised questionnaires, and blood samples were analysed for specific IgE to airborne and food allergens and levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Nasopharyngeal virus samples were collected during the emergency department visit in the group of children with wheeze, and a subset were also tested for bacteria.ResultsVitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D < 75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL)) was associated with an odds ratio of 2.7 (95% confidence interval 1.1–6.2) for acute wheeze. However, no association was found between vitamin D insufficiency and atopy, presence of virus or bacteria or recurrent infections. Children older than 24 months were particularly at risk of subnormal vitamin D levels, irrespective of wheezing history.ConclusionOur findings support the hypothesis that subnormal levels of vitamin D are associated with acute wheeze in young children.
Population Pharmacokinetic Meta‐Analysis of Vortioxetine in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Areberg Johan , Petersen Kamilla B. , Chen Grace , Naik Himanshu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe objective was to describe the pharmacokinetics of vortioxetine and evaluate the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the healthy population. Data from 26 clinical pharmacology studies were pooled. A total of 21,758 vortioxetine quantifiable plasma concentrations were collected from 887 subjects with corresponding demography. The doses ranged from 2.5 to 75 mg (single dose) and 2.5–60 mg (multiple QD doses). The pharmacokinetics of vortioxetine was best characterised by a two‐compartment model with first‐order absorption, lag‐time and linear elimination, with interindividual error terms for absorption rate constant, oral clearance and central volume of distribution. The population mean was 32.7 L/hr for oral clearance and 1.97∙103 L for the central volume of distribution. The average elimination half‐life was 65.8 hr. CYP2D6 inferred metabolic status (ultra, extensive, intermediate or poor metabolisers) and age on oral clearance and height on central volume of distribution were identified as statistically significant covariate–parameter relationships. For CYP2D6 poor metabolisers, CL/F was approximately 50% to that seen in CYP2D6 extensive metabolisers. The impact of height on V2/F and age on CL/F was low and not considered to be clinically relevant. The final model was found to be reliable, stable and predictive. A reliable, stable and predictive pharmacokinetic model was developed to characterise pharmacokinetics of vortioxetine in the healthy population.
‘Double‐Hit’ cytogenetic status may not be predicted by baseline clinicopathological characteristics and is highly associated with overall survival in B cell lymphoma patients
Authors: Landsburg Daniel J. , Nasta Sunita D. , Svoboda Jakub , Morrissette Jennifer J. D. , Schuster Stephen J. 
Published: April 2014

Summary‘Double‐Hit’ (DH) B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas are characterized by the presence of a MYC rearrangement and additional rearrangement(s) most commonly involving BCL2 and/or BCL6. Patients with DH lymphomas are unlikely to achieve long‐term survival when treated with standard immunochemotherapy alone. DH gene rearrangements can be identified through metaphase karyotyping or more sensitive fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), although the latter is not routinely performed. We report 53 cases of B cell lymphoma that underwent diagnostic metaphase karyotying or FISH for MYC rearrangements. DH lymphoma was detected in 17 cases. No baseline factor, including age, serum lactate dehydrogenase, stage, International Prognostic Index or histology predicted for DH status. The median overall survival was significantly shorter for DH compared to non‐DH lymphoma patients (8·2 vs. 56·8 months, P < 0·001). DH status retained the most statistically significant association with overall survival on multivariate Cox regression analysis. DH status could not be inferred by baseline disease‐ or patient‐related characteristics and was most predictive of overall survival in this cohort of B cell lymphoma patients. These findings support the practice of routine performance of FISH for DH gene rearrangements on B cell lymphoma specimens in order to effectively identify DH patients who may benefit from risk‐adapted therapy.
Epidemiology of systemic mastocytosis in Denmark
Authors: Cohen Sarah S. , Skovbo Stine , Vestergaard Hanne , Kristensen Thomas , Møller Michael , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten , Fryzek Jon P. , Broesby‐Olsen Sigurd 
Published: April 2014

SummaryMastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by abnormal proliferation of mast cells. Systemic mastocytosis (SM), in which abnormal mast cells are present in tissues beyond the skin, is divided into seven subcategories with varying degrees of severity and prognosis. Very little is known about the epidemiology of SM and its subcategories. This retrospective cohort study of 548 adults with SM diagnosed 1997–2010 was constructed using linked Danish national health registries. The most common subtype of mastocytosis was indolent SM (including urticaria pigmentosa) (n = 450; 82%), followed by SM with subtype unknown (n = 61; 11%), SM with associated clonal haematological non‐mast cell lineage disease (n = 24; 4%), aggressive SM (n = 8; 2%), and mast cell leukaemia (n = 5; 1%). The incidence rate for SM (all subtypes including urticaria pigmentosa) was 0·89 per 100 000 per year. Cumulative incidence was 12·46 per 100 000, and the 14‐year limited‐duration prevalence as of 1 January, 2011 was 9·59 per 100 000. This nationwide cohort from Denmark is the first population‐based epidemiological study of mastocytosis. In this cohort of patients aged 15 years and older, SM was found to be overall relatively rare with notable variation by subtype for patient characteristics, survival and epidemiological measures.
Frequency, severity and causes of unexpected allergic reactions to food: a systematic literature review
Authors: Versluis A. , Knulst A. C. , Kruizinga A. G. , Michelsen A. , Houben G. F. , Baumert J. L. , van Os‐Medendorp H. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryFood allergic patients have to deal with an avoidance diet. Confusing labelling terms or precautionary labels can result in misinterpretation and risk‐taking behaviour. Even those patients that strictly adhere to their diet experience (sometimes severe) unexpected allergic reactions to food. The frequency, severity and causes of such reactions are unknown. The objective of this review was to describe the frequency, severity and causes of unexpected allergic reactions to food in food allergic patients aged > 12 years, in order to develop improved strategies to deal with their allergy. A systematic review was carried out by two researchers, in six electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Medline, Psychinfo and Scopus). The search was performed with keywords relating to the frequency, severity and causes of unexpected allergic reactions to food. This resulted in 24 studies which met the inclusion criteria; 18 observational and six qualitative studies. This review shows that knowledge about the frequency of unexpected reactions is limited. Peanut, nuts, egg, fruit/vegetables and milk are the main causal foods. Severe reactions and even fatalities occur. Most reactions take place at home, but a significant number also take place when eating at friends' houses or in restaurants. Labelling issues, but also attitude and risky behaviour of patients can attribute to unexpected reactions. We conclude that prospective studies are needed to get more insight in the frequency, severity, quantity of unintended allergen ingested and causes of unexpected allergic reactions to food, to be able to optimize strategies to support patients in dealing with their food allergy. Although the exact frequency is not known, unexpected reactions to food occur in a significant number of patients and can be severe. For clinical practice, this means that patient education and dietary instructions are necessary.
Coupled exposure to ingredients of cosmetic products: III. Ultraviolet filters
Authors: Uter Wolfgang , Gonçalo Margarida , Yazar Kerem , Kratz Eva‐Maria , Mildau Gerd , Lidén Carola 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe use of cosmetics exposes consumers to mixtures of ingredients, many of which are potential allergens. Ultraviolet (UV) filters are used not just in sunscreens, but also in other products. Many UV filters are known contact allergens and photoallergens.ObjectiveTo examine the pattern of co‐exposure to UV filters in cosmetics.MethodsA survey of products marketed in Germany, conducted in 2006–2009 by the Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office in Karlsruhe, identified 4447 products (of all 5667 cosmetic products examined) (i) that were categorizable according to Annex I to the Cosmetics Directive, and (ii) with information on the presence of UV filters or zinc oxide. The occurrence and co‐occurrence of UV filters were analysed and presented in tabular and graphical format.ResultsUV filters or zinc oxide were present in 22.5% of all 4447 products, ranging from almost 100% in sunscreens to a few per cent in, for example, some hair products; they were absent in two product categories. Frequently, several different UV filters were included in one product, for example in sunscreens (median 4) and in perfumes (median 3). The overall most frequent UV filters were butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane and titanium dioxide, combined mostly with octocrylene in sunscreens and with ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate in creams.ConclusionsThe frequent co‐occurrence of UV filters in cosmetic products possibly facilitates sensitization, and may explain why patients often react to chemically unrelated UV filters.
782. EMMENOPTERYS HENRYI
Authors: Upson Tim 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe Chinese tree Emmenopterys henryi is described and illustrated based on the rare blooming of a specimen at Cambridge University Botanic Garden in summer 2012. Other known flowerings in cultivation are reviewed with particular reference to Britain. The origin of the Cambridge tree, propagated from an original introduction at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and distributed in the early 1980s is discussed. Based on original herbarium collections and archive material the discovery and introduction of this species into cultivation is reviewed.
776. VIOLA TRICOLOR SUBSP. CURTISII
Authors: Rix Martyn 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe dwarf perennial seaside or sandhill pansy, Viola tricolor L. subsp. curtisii (Forst.) Syme is illustrated and described. The history of its discovery by William Curtis, founder of this magazine, is given, and its relationships and nomenclature are considered.
779. PASSIFLORA EDULIS f. ALBIDA
Authors: Vanderplank John , Edwards Sara 
Published: April 2014

SummaryPassiflora edulis f. albida Vanderplank & S. L. Edwards, a new form with white flowers, yellow fruit and black petiole glands is described, and illustrated with a colour painting and black and white line drawings: Its history, taxonomy, distribution, ecology and cultivation are discussed.
Systemic Negligence: Why It Is Morally Important for Developing World Bioethics
Authors: Chakraborti Chhanda 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn the context of clinical and non‐clinical biomedical practices,negligenceis usually understood as a lapse of a specific professional duty by a healthcare worker or by a medical facility. This paper tries to delineatesystemic negligenceasanother kindof negligence in the context of health systems, particularly in developing countries, that needs to be recognized and addressed.Systemic negligenceis not just a mere collection of stray incidences of medical errors and system failures in a health system, but is proposed in this paper as a more pervasive kind of neglect. Several non‐medical factors, such as lack of social and political will, also contribute to it and hence is more difficult to address in a health system. This paper argues that recognizingsystemic negligenceand including it research agenda have special moral importance for researchers in developing world bioethics, public health ethics and for health activists in the developing world. For, it can be a potent health system barrier, and can seriously impair efforts to ensure patient safety, particularly in the weaker health systems. As it erodes accountability in a health system, addressing it is also important for the twin goals of ensuring patient safety and improving health system performance. Above all, it needs to be addressed because the tolerance of its persistence in a health system seems to undervalue health as a social good.
Motor development in 3‐month‐old healthy term‐born infants is associated with cognitive and behavioural outcomes at early school age
Authors: Hitzert Marrit M , Roze Elise , Van Braeckel Koenraad N J A , Bos Arend F 
Published: April 2014

AimTo determine whether motor development at 3 months of age is associated with cognitive, motor, and behavioural outcomes in healthy children at early school age.MethodIn this cohort study, we included 74 term‐born, healthy children (44 males, 30 females; median gestational age 40.1wks, range 38.0–42.6wks). From video recordings (median 12.9wks, range 9.3–18.6wks), we assessed the quality of fidgety movements, and calculated a motor optimality score. At school age (median 5y 11mo, range 5y 8mo–7y 6mo), we performed detailed cognitive, motor, and behavioural assessments. We examined whether aspects of motor development were associated with functional outcomes.ResultsAn age‐adequate motor repertoire, in particular the presence of antigravity, midline leg, and manipulation movements, was related to poorer cognition, whereas variable finger postures was related to better cognition. Children with a monotonous concurrent motor repertoire had better ball skills but experienced more behavioural problems. The presence of antigravity movements tended to be associated with abnormal recognition (odds ratio [OR] 4.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9–21; R2=0.17; p=0.070), where the absence of variable finger postures was associated with borderline and abnormal visual‐spatial perception (OR 20, 95% CI, 1.7–238; R2=0.39; p=0.018).InterpretationDetailed aspects of motor development at 3 months of age are associated with cognition and behaviour, but not with motor outcome, in healthy children at early school age. Our findings suggest that early motor development may be the basis for later cognitive and behavioural performance. Since the associations were only moderate, possible environmental influences should be acknowledged.
Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among university applicants in Eastern China: findings from a population‐based study
Authors: Hao C. , Zhang C. , Chen W. , Shi Z. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimsTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among urban university applicants in Eastern China.MethodThe study uses data from the annual health examination among all students finishing high school who applied for university entrance in Changzhou City in 2012. In total, 6716 students aged 17–19 years had fasting blood glucose, alanine transaminase, height, weight and blood pressure measured. Impaired fasting glucose and diabetes were defined as fasting blood glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/l (but < 7 mmol/l) and ≥ 7 mmol/l, respectively.ResultsThe overall prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes was 2.40% and 0.13%, respectively (3.67% and 0.09% in boys; 1.09% and 0.18% in girls). In total, 20.9% of boys and 10.6% of girls were overweight/obese. High socio‐economic status was associated with an increased risk of diabetes/impaired fasting glucose, but the association was significant only among boys (adjusted odds ratio 1.94, 95% CI 1.26–2.98). Alanine transaminase levels were significantly and positively related to diabetes/impaired fasting glucose risk. Overweight/obesity was significantly associated with increased risk of impaired fasting glucose/diabetes in girls, but not in boys. Moreover, the number of the above‐mentioned risk factors (i.e. overweight/obesity, elevated alanine transaminase, pre‐hypertension) was significantly and positively related to diabetes/impaired fasting glucose among both boys and girls.ConclusionsImpaired fasting glucose was prevalent among urban university applicants, in particular boys and those of high socio‐economic status in eastern China. Elevated levels of liver function enzyme appear to be the strongest risk factor for diabetes/impaired fasting glucose.
Combination therapy with metformin plus sulphonylureas versus metformin plus DPP‐4 inhibitors: association with major adverse cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality
Authors: Morgan C. Ll. , Mukherjee J. , Jenkins‐Jones S. , Holden S. E. , Currie C. J. 
Published: April 2014

AimsTo compare the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality for combination therapies with metformin and either sulphonylurea (SU) or dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP‐4i).MethodsData were from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Patients with type 2 diabetes were selected if initiated with combination therapies comprising metformin plus SU or DPP‐4i 2007–2012. The co‐primary endpoints were all‐cause mortality and MACE (myocardial infarction or stroke). Times to endpoints were compared using Cox proportional hazards models. Additional analyses were performed on subsets matched directly on key characteristics and by propensity score.ResultsA total of 33 983 patients were prescribed SU and 7864 DPP‐4i, and 5447 patients in each cohort could be matched directly and 6901 by propensity score. In the main analysis, there were 716 MACE events and 1217 deaths. Crude event rates for MACE were 11.3 events per 1000 person‐years (pkpy) for SU, versus 5.3 pkpy for DPP‐4i. For all‐cause mortality, rates were 16.9 versus 7.3 pkpy, respectively. Following adjustment, there was a significant increase in the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for all‐cause mortality in those exposed to SU across all analytical models: aHR = 1.357 (95% CI 1.076–1.710) for all subjects, 1.850 (1.245–2.749) directly matched and 1.497 (1.092–2.052) propensity‐matched. For MACE, aHR was 1.710 (1.280–2.285) for all subjects, 1.323 (0.832–2.105) directly matched and 1.547 (1.076–2.225) propensity‐matched.ConclusionsThere was a reduction in all‐cause mortality for patients treated with metformin combined with DPP‐4i versus metformin plus SU, and a similar trend for MACE.