bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Was there a plan? End‐of‐life care for children with life‐limiting conditions: a review of multi‐service healthcare records
Authors: Beringer A. J. , Heckford E. J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundPlanning for care at the end of life (EoL) is an essential component of support and care for families of children with life‐limiting conditions. The purpose of this review was to compare documented EoL planning with published children's palliative care standards, across a range of children's healthcare services and to assess the impact on practice of written guidelines to support EoL care planning.MethodA manual retrospective review of healthcare records using a purpose‐built form. Inclusion criteria were the records of children with a diagnosed life‐limiting or life‐threatening condition, who had died before the age of 18 years, between October 2008 and March 2010, within a defined geographical area served by one or more of the participating services. The sample was 114 sets of notes relating to a cohort of 48 children: 24 girls and 24 boys, the majority of whose deaths were cancer related.ResultsExamples of good practice were found in the records of individual services. Services had each developed their own systems and documents to support EoL care planning rather than using a unified documentation system. Where documented practice fell short, this was related to a lack of evidence that choice in location of death had been offered, delays in sharing of information between services, and information being buried in the narrative of the notes, making it difficult to find.ConclusionsCurrent documented EoL planning varies between services. Those who are infrequently involved in the provision of EoL care may benefit from support by those for whom this is part of their daily working life. These professionals can help prepare staff to engage families in these difficult but important conversations – and encourage them to document them in a way that can be easily and readily accessed and shared.
Crestal Bone Loss and Oral Implants
Authors: Albrektsson Tomas , Buser Daniel , Sennerby Lars 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundA consensus meeting was arranged to critically analyze whether the high figures of peri‐implantitis at machined implants that recently have been reported in the literature are valid also for modern implants.PurposeThe aims of this paper were to present the outcomes from the consensus meeting and to evaluate recent long‐term clinical studies on modern implants with regard to frequency of peri‐implant infection.Materials and MethodsTen different studies of three modern implant brands of moderately rough surfaces with 10‐year or longer follow‐up times were found through a PubMed and manual search.ResultsIt was concluded that bleeding on probing or probing depths are weak indicators of crestal bone loss (CBL); that CBL occurs for many other reasons than infection; that implant‐, clinician‐, and patient‐related factors contribute to CBL; and that modern oral implants outperform older devices. Based on a literature search, the frequency of implants with reported peri‐implant infection and significant bone loss leading to implant removal or other surgical intervention was on average 2.7% during 7 to 16 years of function.ConclusionThe summed frequency of peri‐implantitis and implant failure is commonly less than 5% over 10 years of follow‐up for modern implants when using established protocols.
A systematic review of risk factors for cerebral palsy in children born at term in developed countries
Authors: MCINTYRE SARAH , TAITZ DAVID , KEOGH JOHN , GOLDSMITH SHONA , BADAWI NADIA , BLAIR EVE 
Published: November 2012

Aim  The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review in order to identify the risk factors for cerebral palsy (CP) in children born at term. The secondary aim was to ascertain if the potential for prevention of these risk factors has been adequately explored.Method  A MEDLINE search up to 31 July 2011 was completed, following the Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Publications were reviewed to identify those with both a primary aim of identifying risk factors for all children or term‐born children with CP and a cohort or case–control study design. Studies were examined for potential chance or systematic bias. The range of point estimates of relative risk is reported.Results  From 21 articles meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria and at low risk of bias, data from 6297 children with CP and 3 804 791 children without CP were extracted. Ten risk factors for term‐born infants were statistically significant in each study: placental abnormalities, major and minor birth defects, low birthweight, meconium aspiration, instrumental/emergency Caesarean delivery, birth asphyxia, neonatal seizures, respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycaemia, and neonatal infections. Strategies for possible prevention currently exist for three of these.Interpretation  Ten consistent risk factors have been identified, some with potential for prevention. Efforts to prevent these risk factors to interrupt the pathway to CP should be extended.
Arrhythmias in primary hyperparathyroidism evaluated by exercise test
Authors: Pepe Jessica , Curione Mario , Morelli Sergio , Colotto Marco , Varrenti Marisa , Castro Claudia , D'Angelo Antonella , Cipriani Cristiana , Piemonte Sara , Romagnoli Elisabetta , Minisola Salvatore 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundHypercalcemia induces arrhythmias and shortening of QT. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for occurrence of arrhythmias in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) during bicycle ergometer exercise test (ET).MethodsThirty PHPT postmenopausal women (mean age, 60·9 ± 8·0 years) and 30, sex and age‐matched, controls underwent ET, echocardiogram and mineral metabolism biochemical evaluation. The following stages were considered during ET: rest, peak exercise, recovery (early recovery, 2 and 10 min after peak exercise). QT was corrected with Bazett's formula (QTc).ResultsCompared with controls, PHPT patients showed an increased occurrence of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) during ET (26·6% vs. 6·6%, P = 0·03). Being affected by PHPT predicted the onset of VPBs at peak exercise (P = 0·04) and recovery (P = 0·03), as shown by logistic regression analysis. In PHPT patients, serum calcium level was a predictor of VPBs at peak exercise (P = 0·05). QTc in patients with PHPT was in the normal range. Serum calcium level showed a negative correlation with QTc (P = 0·01) in whole sample. Compared with controls, PHTP patients had QTc significantly shorter for every stage of ET, except at peak exercise. Physiological reduction of QTc interval from rest to peak exercise was not seen in patients with PHPT, QTc at rest being the only predictor of QTc in every stage, as shown by multivariate regression analysis.ConclusionsIn patients with PHPT, an increased occurrence of VPBs and a different QTc adaptation during ET were observed and may represent risk factors for major arrhythmias.
Preparing hospital pharmacists to prescribe: stakeholders’ views of postgraduate courses
Authors: Kamarudin Gritta , Penm Jonathan , Chaar Betty , Moles Rebekah 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objectives
To explore pharmacy stakeholders’ views on developing a postgraduate course to prepare hospital pharmacists for collaborative prescribing in Australia.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with pharmacy stakeholders from universities, hospitals and professional organisations (n = 25) to gather views on the content, structure and delivery methods of a possible postgraduate prescribing course for pharmacists. Transcripts were analysed thematically and coded using NVivo software.

Key findings
There was strong support for collaborative prescribing as an appropriate role for advanced pharmacist practitioners and acknowledgement that further training is needed to implement this new role. It was proposed that postgraduate training for hospital pharmacists should be based on a national prescribing competency framework and participants highlighted key aspects of the prescribing process in which pharmacists need particular up-skilling: diagnosis, physical assessments, clinical decision-making and consultations. The training model used in the UK was favoured, where candidates undertake university-based study combined with collaborative training with a doctor and a practical assessment of competency.

Conclusions
The findings from this study have provided valuable information which can provide a pathway for the development of a postgraduate course to prepare Australian hospital pharmacists for prescribing. Future research should focus on uncovering the perceptions of Australian doctors, nurses and policy makers on the training requirements needed for pharmacist prescribing in the hospital setting. Stakeholders’ views on pharmacist prescribing training in the community setting could also be explored.
Body mass index influences prostate cancer risk at biopsy in Japanese men
Authors: Masuda Hitoshi , Kagawa Makoto , Kawakami Satoru , Numao Noboru , Matsuoka Yoh , Yokoyama Minato , Yamamoto Shinya , Yonese Junji , Fukui Iwao , Kihara Kazunori 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between body mass index and prostate cancer risk at biopsy in Japanese men, and to compared the risk with that of Caucasian men.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 3966 men with prostate‐specific antigen levels from 2.5 to 19.9 ng/mL who underwent an initial extended prostate biopsy. Using logistic regression, odds ratios of each body mass index category for risk of prostate cancer and high‐grade disease (Gleason score ≥4 + 3) were estimated after controlling for age, prostate‐specific antigen, %free prostate‐specific antigen, prostate volume, digital rectal examination findings, family history of prostate cancer and the number of biopsy cores. Patients were divided into six categories according to their body mass index (kg/m2) as follows: <21.0, 21.0–22.9, 23.0–24.9, 25.0–26.9, 27.0–29.9 and ≥30.0.ResultsA significant positive association was observed between body mass index and prostate cancer risk at biopsy, with an increased risk observed in men whose body mass index was ≥27.0 compared with the reference group. A significantly increased risk starting at body mass index ≥25.0 was found in high‐grade disease. In contrast to our results, there has been no reported increase in the risk of prostate cancer at biopsy in Caucasians within the overweight range (body mass index of 25.0–29.9 based on World Health Organization classification).ConclusionsJapanese men within the overweight body mass index range who have an elevated prostate‐specific antigen level also have a significant risk of harboring prostate cancer, especially high‐grade disease. Overweight Japanese might be at greater prostate cancer risk at biopsy than overweight Caucasians.
Prostate cancer may trigger paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: A case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Jakobsen Jakob Kristian , Zakharia Elias Raja , Boysen Anders Kindberg , Andersen Henning , Schlesinger Friedrich Emanuel , Lund Lars 
Published: November 2012

Abstract: We present a case of a previously healthy and active 64‐year‐old man who experienced a rapid neuropsychiatric decline. All tests for metabolic causes, neuroinfection, intracranial infarction or tumor were negative. By the means of magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography and the anti‐Hu antibody test the patient was diagnosed with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis related to prostate cancer. The patient died within 6 months. We review the literature on prostate cancer‐related paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. High‐risk prostate cancer can trigger paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, a rapidly progressive neurological syndrome with a bad prognosis.
Fatal respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus infection in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Szczawinska‐Poplonyk Aleksandra , Jonczyk‐Potoczna Katarzyna , Breborowicz Anna , Bartkowska‐Sniatkowska Alicja , Figlerowicz Magdalena 
Published: November 2012

Please cite this paper as: Szczawinska‐Poplonyk et al. (2012) Fatal respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus infection in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12059.Coronaviruses have been demonstrated to contribute substantially to respiratory tract infections among the child population. Though infected children commonly present mild upper airway symptoms, in high‐risk patients with underlying conditions, particularly in immunocompromised children these pathogens may lead to severe lung infection and extrapulmonary disorders. In this paper, we provide the first report of the case of a 15‐month‐old child with severe combined immunodeficiency and coronavirus HKU1‐related pneumonia with fatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Validation of the core elements of perioperative nursing
Authors: Rauta Satu , Salanterä Sanna , Nivalainen Jarmo , Junttila Kristiina 
Published: November 2012

Aims and objectives.  To define the core elements of perioperative nursing.Background.  To measure the nursing care intensity in operating departments and day surgery units, a consensus on the content of perioperative nursing is required. The core elements of perioperative nursing were initially defined based on literature and the clinical expertise of the national workgroup. Suggested core elements were verified in this study. Because healthcare systems constantly suffer from limited resources, while patients are legitimated and ethically justified good nursing care, it is essential to produce reliable information for resource allocation.Design.  Descriptive survey using Delphi technique.Methods.  The purposeful sample of 55 experts was invited to participate in the Delphi panel to evaluate the suggested core elements of perioperative nursing. Two nationwide Delphi rounds were conducted. The response rates were 89% and 49%, respectively. Content Validity Index was calculated for each component.Results.  The Delphi panel accepted the suggested core elements that were seen describing the core of perioperative nursing.Conclusion.  The initially defined core elements of perioperative nursing were verified in this study, with the core elements describing patient’s safety as crucial in perioperative nursing. Those concerning patients’ needs of information, communication with significant others, patients’ coping mechanisms and mental well‐being or administrating basic care – for example hygiene – were not seen to be as fundamental as those describing physiological needs.Relevance to clinical practice.  The results of this study can be used as an initial step when constructing an instrument for measuring the nursing care intensity in perioperative settings. In the future, the instrument may provide objective evidence of nursing care intensity and thus facilitate resource allocation. A further significance of this study lies in its potential to make perioperative nursing visible, so the nursing outcomes may be evaluated and proved.
How do nurse prescribers integrate prescribing in practice: case studies in primary and secondary care
Authors: Bowskill Dianne , Timmons Stephen , James Veronica 
Published: November 2012

Aims and objectivesTo report a study investigating how nurse prescribers integrate prescribing in clinical practice. Factors that influence integration are explored and how nurses approach integration is defined.BackgroundThere are expectations that nurse prescribers will prescribe for patients. Nurse prescribers share jurisdiction of prescribing with doctors in the workplace and new divisions of labour must be agreed to enable the nurse to begin prescribing. Little is known about how nurses integrate prescribing in practice but these agreements are potentially important to the organisation of professional work and the delivery of healthcare.DesignCase study.MethodsTwenty six nurse prescribers were interviewed in case studies of primary and secondary care prescribing. Case data were collected by semi‐structured interview and combined with field notes and socio‐demographic data in case summaries. Data were organised in nvivo (QSR International Pty Ltd, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia) and subject to manual analysis at single and cross‐case level.ResultsTwenty‐one of the 26 cases were prescribing. Trust between doctor and nurse and nurse and employer was shown to be necessary for effective integration. There were differences in how prescribing agreements were reached in primary and secondary care. Restrictions were imposed in secondary care. In primary care, nurses made decisions themselves about the medicines they prescribe but frequently asked doctors to check their decisions. Nurses described three approaches to prescribing: as opportunity presents, for specific conditions and for individuals.ConclusionsNurse prescribers described three approaches to prescribing and in two approaches the nurse self‐restricted prescribing activity. Secondary care prescribers had more employer restrictions than their primary care counterparts. Trust between doctor nurse and nurse employer was shown to be necessary for integration; without trust, the nurse will not prescribe.Relevance to practiceTrust in prescribing relationships is necessary for effective integration of nurse prescribing in practice.
Screening for dementia: Brazilian version of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline on the Elderly and its psychometric properties
Authors: Sanchez Maria Angélica dos Santos , Lourenço Roberto Alves 
Published: November 2012

AimTo assess the criterion validity of the Brazilian version of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline on the Elderly (IQCODE‐BR), and analyze the influence of educational level and age of both the elderly and the informants on the questionnaire scores.MethodThe study design was a cross‐sectional study with a convenience sample. Convergent validity was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination, and the accuracy of the IQCODE‐BR was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on IQCODE‐BR scores.ResultsA total of 169 elderly individuals participated in the study, of which 35.5% were diagnosed with dementia. There was no statistically significant association between the IQCODE‐BR scores, and the age and educational level of both the elderly and the informants. The cut‐off point for greater accuracy was 3.52, with sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 80.7%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.83 (95% CI 0.766–0.893). There was a negative and moderate correlation between IQCODE‐BR and the Mini‐Mental State Examination scores (P < 0.01).ConclusionThis study suggests that the IQCODE‐BR is a valid tool for screening of dementia and that IQCODE‐BR scores do not seem to be influenced by age, educational level and other factors associated with the informants. However, further studies are required to evaluate informant characteristics, such as anxiety states, depression and burden level. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 687–693.
Alban Gee, MB BS (Syd), FRCSI, FRACS (Urology) – the man behind the ‘Alban Gee USANZ Poster Prize
Authors: Robert D. Wines 
Published: November 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?There has been little documentation of the contribution Dr Alban Gee made to the development of Urology in Australasia. This paper records a personal association with Dr Gee for the Archives of the Urological Association of Australia and New Zealand which did not previously exist.This paper documents Dr Gee's contribution to Australasian Urology.
‘Giving’ and ‘Making’ in Early Runic Epigraphy
Authors: Mees Bernard 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA survey of the early Germanic etymological semantics of ‘giving’ and ‘making’ is presented in light of the recent reaffirmation that early Nordic *taujanis etymologically related to Old Norsetœja‘grant, bestow, help, assist’. Contextualising the early runic fabricatory and dedicatory inscriptions in terms of sociological, textual and anthropological theory, a new interpretation of early runic pragmatics is developed. The new approach to early runic performance proferred seeks to explain the broader function (and context) of epigraphic production, not merely the most logical reading of individual texts. The early runic pragmatics of ‘giving’ and ‘making’ are employed as an analytical frame in which to analyse the socio‐cultural as well as linguistic meaning of a series of both functionally and textually related, often significantly stylised Iron Age epigraphs found on a range of early Scandinavian media: runestones, moor finds and migration‐era amulets.
Lobbying under Pressure: The Effect of Salience on European Union Hedge Fund Regulation
Authors: Woll Cornelia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe virulent European Union hedge fund debate led many observers to suspect a paradigmatic battle between liberal market economies and countries in favour of tighter regulation. By contrast, this article points to the economic interests that drove government agendas. However, national preferences were not defined by the aggregate of a country's economic interests, but by very specific stakeholders only, despite the existence of opponents with considerable resources. This article argues that the unequal success of financial lobbyists depended on how their demands fitted into the government's overarching negotiation strategy. The primacy of government objectives, in turn, resulted from the high saliency of financial regulation and hedge funds in particular.
“First You Must Master Pain”: The Nature and Purpose of Apprenticeship
Authors: Lancy David F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe goal of this study was to distill from a large body of literature on children learning crafts, such as pottery and weaving, the characteristics of apprenticeship as a distinct phenomenon. Currently, apprenticeship is considered indistinguishable from other, more informal, means of skill transmission. From the literature survey, 11 attributes were identified as belonging to the archetypal apprenticeship. The analysis then advances to consider the genesis or raison d'être for the apprenticeship. The argument is advanced that the apprenticeship is designed to simultaneously train novices in specific craft or trade skills while socializing them to join the social and cultural elite represented by master craftsmen. The article concludes by considering the role of apprenticeship in the evolution of schooling.
Pilot survey on dental health in 5–12‐year‐old school children in Laos
Authors: Besseling Sjobbe , Ngonephady Sengphouvanh , van Wijk Arjen J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThe burden of dental caries in young Lao children is high. As a result, these children suffer from toothache, and school absenteeism is high. There is a need for the Lao Government to develop a strategy to prevent dental disease, such as caries. The aim of this study was to collect data on the oral health status of PDR children in order to enable the Lao Government to develop strategies on dental health care.MethodsAn oral examination, following World Health Organization guidelines, was performed on 289 school children aged 5–12 years in Vientiane, Laos.ResultsCaries prevalence was high in the present sample (average = 85.4%), as well as mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (primary and secondary) levels. Nearly all caries were untreated. A trend was observed showing lower caries levels in children who brushed their teeth daily at school.ConclusionsThe burden of dental caries for Loa children is high, while the oral care index is nearly zero. Clearly, this has serious resource and management implications, and the strategy of the government must be on prevention (at a young age), awareness of oral diseases, pain relief. More than anything else, prompt action is required.