bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: biliary and hepatic involvement in IgG4‐related disease
Authors: Joshi D. , Webster G. J. M. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundIgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a multi‐systemic disorder. IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4‐SC) is the biliary manifestation of the disease, often in association with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Hepatic manifestations of IgG4‐RD are less well described within the literature.AimTo examine and present an overview of IgG4‐RD with a focus on the biliary and hepatic manifestations.MethodsAn electronic search using Medline was performed. Search items included ‘IgG4 multi‐system disease, IgG4 associated cholangitis, IgG4 associated liver disease and autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP)’.ResultsIgG4‐RD is characterised by an IgG4‐positive lymphoplasmacytic tissue infiltrate, storiform fibrosis and an obliterative phlebitis. The HISORt criteria may be used to establish the diagnosis and incorporate a multi‐disciplinary approach involving histology, radiology, serum IgG4 levels and response to steroid therapy. IgG4‐SC is the commonest extrapancreatic manifestation of type‐1 AIP, while the hepatic manifestations remain poorly defined. Important differential diagnoses include primary sclerosing cholangitis, secondary sclerosing cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic carcinoma. Current treatment regimens remain ill defined although steroid therapy is used first line unless contraindicated. Patients with relapsing disease or multifocal disease should be considered for azathioprine. Available data would also suggest a role for rituximab.ConclusionsIgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis is a common manifestation of IgG4‐related disease which requires a multi‐disciplinary approach to establish the diagnosis. Differentiating IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis from other conditions, both benign and malignant, is challenging, but vital. Steroids remain the mainstay of treatment. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of the hepatic manifestations of IgG4‐related disease continues to evolve.
Computational Aspects of N-Mixture Models
Authors: Dennis Emily B. , Morgan Byron J.T. , Ridout Martin S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe N-mixture model is widely used to estimate the abundance of a population in the presence of unknown detection probability from only a set of counts subject to spatial and temporal replication (Royle, 2004, Biometrics 60, 105–115). We explain and exploit the equivalence of N-mixture and multivariate Poisson and negative-binomial models, which provides powerful new approaches for fitting these models. We show that particularly when detection probability and the number of sampling occasions are small, infinite estimates of abundance can arise. We propose a sample covariance as a diagnostic for this event, and demonstrate its good performance in the Poisson case. Infinite estimates may be missed in practice, due to numerical optimization procedures terminating at arbitrarily large values. It is shown that the use of a bound, K, for an infinite summation in the N-mixture likelihood can result in underestimation of abundance, so that default values of K in computer packages should be avoided. Instead we propose a simple automatic way to choose K. The methods are illustrated by analysis of data on Hermann's tortoise Testudo hermanni.
Persistent MRD before and after allogeneic BMT predicts relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Sutton Rosemary , Shaw Peter J. , Venn Nicola C. , Law Tamara , Dissanayake Anuruddhika , Kilo Tatjana , Haber Michelle , Norris Murray D. , Fraser Chris , Alvaro Frank , Revesz Tamas , Trahair Toby N. , Dalla‐Pozza Luciano , Marshall Glenn M. , O'Brien Tracey A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryMinimal residual disease (MRD) during early chemotherapy is a powerful predictor of relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and is used in children to determine eligibility for allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in first (CR1) or later complete remission (CR2/CR3). Variables affecting HSCT outcome were analysed in 81 children from the ANZCHOG ALL8 trial. The major cause of treatment failure was relapse, with a cumulative incidence of relapse at 5 years (CIR) of 32% and treatment‐related mortality of 8%. Leukaemia‐free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) were similar for HSCT in CR1 (LFS 62%, OS 83%, n = 41) or CR2/CR3 (LFS 60%, OS 72%, n = 40). Patients achieving bone marrow MRD negativity pre‐HSCT had better outcomes (LFS 83%, OS 92%) than those with persistent MRD pre‐HSCT (LFS 41%, OS 64%, P < 0·0001) or post‐HSCT (LFS 35%, OS 55%, P < 0·0001). Patients with B‐other ALL had more relapses (CIR 50%, LFS 41%) than T‐ALL and the main precursor‐B subtypes including BCR‐ABL1, KMT2A (MLL), ETV6‐RUNX1 (TEL‐AML1) and hyperdiploidy >50. A Cox multivariate regression model for LFS retained both B‐other ALL subtype (hazard ratio 4·1, P = 0·0062) and MRD persistence post‐HSCT (hazard ratio 3·9, P = 0·0070) as independent adverse prognostic variables. Persistent MRD could be used to direct post‐HSCT therapy.
MIR144 and MIR451 regulate human erythropoiesis via RAB14
Authors: Kim MinJung , Tan Yee Sun , Cheng Wen‐Chih , Kingsbury Tami J. , Heimfeld Shelly , Civin Curt I. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryExpression levels of MIR144 and MIR451 increase during erythropoiesis, a pattern that is conserved from zebrafish to humans. As these two miRs are expressed from the same polycistronic transcript, we manipulated MIR144 and MIR451 in human erythroid cells individually and together to investigate their effects on human erythropoiesis. Inhibition of endogenous human MIR451 resulted in decreased numbers of erythroid (CD71hiCD235ahiCD34−) cells, consistent with prior studies in zebrafish and mice. In addition, inhibition of MIR144 impaired human erythroid differentiation, unlike in zebrafish and mouse studies where the functional effect of MIR144 on erythropoiesis was minimal. In this study, we found RAB14 is a direct target of both MIR144 and MIR451. As MIR144 and MIR451 expression increased during human erythropoiesis, RAB14 protein expression decreased. Enforced RAB14 expression phenocopied the effect of MIR144 and/or MIR451 depletion, whereas shRNA‐mediated RAB14 knockdown protected cells from MIR144 and/or MIR451 depletion‐mediated erythropoietic inhibition. RAB14 knockdown increased the frequency and number of erythroid cells, increased β‐haemoglobin expression, and decreased CBFA2T3 expression during human erythropoiesis. In summary, we utilized MIR144 and MIR451 to identify RAB14 as a novel physiological inhibitor of human erythropoiesis.
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a study of children and adolescents in Japan
Authors: Fukano Reiji , Mori Tetsuya , Kobayashi Ryoji , Mitsui Tetsuo , Fujita Naoto , Iwasaki Fuminori , Suzumiya Junji , Chin Motoaki , Goto Hiroaki , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Hara Junichi , Park Yong‐Dong , Inoue Masami , Koga Yuhki , Inagaki Jiro , Sakamaki Hisashi , Adachi Souichi , Kawa Keisei , Kato Koji , Suzuki Ritsuro 
Published: October 2014

SummaryTo evaluate haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children and adolescents, we reviewed the records of 47 patients who were ≤18 years, had relapsed or refractory anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and received HSCT between 1990 and 2010. At HSCT, complete remission (CR) was less common in allogeneic HSCT recipients (n = 24) than in autologous HSCT recipients (n = 23) (P = 0·01). The autologous and allogeneic HSCT groups differed in terms of 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) (38% vs. 50%, P = 0·63), cumulative incidence of progress or relapse (49% vs. 28%, P = 0·25), and treatment‐related mortality (12% vs. 25%, P = 0·40). However, these differences were not significant. Patients with non‐CR at autologous HSCT had a significantly lower EFS rate (14% vs. 48%, P = 0·03). Conversely, although those with non‐CR at allogeneic HSCT had a lower EFS rate, this was not significant (44% vs. 63%, P = 0·26). Reduced‐intensity conditioning regimens were used for three of the 16 allogeneic HSCTs received by patients with non‐CR. These three patients achieved CR, surviving 32–65 months after HSCT. These results demonstrated that allogeneic HSCT might be a treatment option for patients who do not achieve CR through conventional chemotherapy.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia and hyperleucocytosis
Authors: Daver Naval , Kantarjian Hagop , Marcucci Guido , Pierce Sherry , Brandt Mark , Dinardo Courtney , Pemmaraju Naveen , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , O'Brien Susan , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Verstovsek Srdan , Popat Uday , Hosing Chitra , Anderlini Paolo , Borthakur Gautam , Kadia Tapan , Cortes Jorge , Ravandi Farhad 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe clinical characteristics, treatment options and outcomes in patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) and hyperleucocytosis remain poorly defined. This study reviewed 242 consecutive patients with APL; 29 patients (12%) had a white blood cell count (WBC) ≥ 50 × 109/l at presentation (median WBC 85·5 × 109/l). Patients with hyperleucocytosis had inferior complete remission (CR) rates (69% vs. 88%; P = 0·004) and higher 4‐week mortality (24% vs. 9%; P = 0·018) compared to patients without hyperleucocytosis. We noted a trend towards inferior 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) (69% vs. 80%; P = 0·057) and inferior 3‐year overall survival (OS) (74% vs. 92%; P = 0·2) for patients with hyperleucocytosis. Leukapheresis was performed in 11 (38%) of the 29 patients with hyperleucocytosis. CR rate and 3‐year OS were not significantly improved in patients who received leukapheresis. CR rate and 3‐year OS for the 15 patients with hyperleucocytosis treated with all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO) plus cytotoxic therapy (idarubicin or gemtuzumab ozogamicin) combinations were 100% and 100% vs. 57% and 35% for the 14 patients treated with non‐ATRA/ATO combinations (P = 0·004 and P = 0·002). Leukapheresis does not improve the outcomes in patients with APL presenting with hyperleucocytosis. ATRA/ATO‐based combinations are superior to other regimens in these patients.
Defective natural killer cell anti-viral capacity in paediatric HBV infection
Authors: Heiberg I L , Pallett L J , Winther T N , Høgh B , Maini M K , Peppa D 
Published: October 2014

Summary
Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit dysregulated effector function in adult chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB), which may contribute to virus persistence. The role of NK cells in children infected perinatally with HBV is less studied. Access to a unique cohort enabled the cross-sectional evaluation of NK cell frequency, phenotype and function in HBV-infected children relative to uninfected children. We observed a selective defect in NK cell interferon (IFN)-γ production, with conserved cytolytic function, mirroring the functional dichotomy observed in adult infection. Reduced expression of NKp30 on NK cells suggests a role of impaired NK-dendritic cell (DC) cellular interactions as a potential mechanism leading to reduced IFN-γ production. The finding that NK cells are already defective in paediatric CHB, albeit less extensively than in adult CHB, has potential implications for the timing of anti-viral therapy aiming to restore immune control.
Use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and risk of chronic kidney disease in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a nationwide longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Tsai H.‐J. , Hsu Y.‐H. , Huang Y.‐W. , Chang Y.‐K. , Liu J.‐S. , Hsu C.‐C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimsTo investigate the temporal relationship between non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use and the development of chronic kidney disease in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study and followed up a population with Type 2 diabetes who were chronic kidney disease‐free (n = 48 715) using national health insurance claims data in Taiwan. Exposure status to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in 2007 was measured. A total of 6406 subjects with incident chronic kidney disease were identified from the period 2008 to 2011. Multivariable proportional hazards models were applied to determine the temporal relationship between non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use and the development of chronic kidney disease.ResultsWe observed a significant temporal relationship between non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use and the development of chronic kidney disease in people with Type 2 diabetes. Compared with people not taking any non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug in 2007, those who were taking such drugs for at least 90 days in 2007 had a higher risk of chronic kidney disease development (adjusted hazard ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.26–1.49). In subgroup analyses, those people (irrespective of age, sex, various comorbidities and use of anti‐hypertensive drugs, aspirin or acetaminophen) who were taking non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for at least 90 days were more likely to develop chronic kidney disease than people who were not taking any non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug.ConclusionsThe results suggest that there is a positive temporal relationship between non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use and increased risk of chronic kidney disease in people with Type 2 diabetes. The use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs should be based on clinical evaluations of benefits and risks, and should be prescribed with caution for people with Type 2 diabetes.
Anti‐biofilm and antibacterial activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles against the oral opportunistic pathogens Rothia dentocariosa and Rothia mucilaginosa
Authors: Khan Shams T. , Ahamed Maqusood , Musarrat Javed , Al‐Khedhairy Abdulaziz A. 
Published: October 2014

Species of the genus Rothia that inhabit the oral cavity have recently been implicated in a number of diseases. To minimize their role in oral infections, it is imperative to reduce and/or control the growth and biofilm formation activity of Rothia spp. In this study, two bacterial isolates, Ora‐7 and Ora‐16, were obtained from the oral cavity of a healthy male subject and identified as Rothia dentocariosa and Rothia mucilaginosa, respectively, using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Antimicrobial and anti‐biofilm formation activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs), of average size 35 nm, were assessed in in vitro assays using Crystal Violet and live and dead staining techniques. The ZnO‐NPs exhibited an IC50 value of 53 and 76 μg ml−1 against R. dentocariosa and R. mucilaginosa, respectively. Biofilm‐formation assays, performed on the surfaces of polystyrene plates, artificial teeth, and dental prostheses, revealed the efficacy of ZnO‐NPs as a potential antibacterial agent for controlling the growth of Rothia isolates in both planktonic form and biofilm.
Cell size and cancer: a new solution to Peto's paradox?
Authors: Maciak Sebastian , Michalak Pawel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCancer, one of the leading health concerns for humans, is by no means a human‐unique malady. Accumulating evidence shows that cancer kills domestic and wild animals at a similar rate to humans and can even pose a conservation threat to certain species. Assuming that each physiologically active and proliferating cell is at risk of malignant transformation, any evolutionary increase in the number of cells (and thus body mass) will lead to a higher cancer frequency, all else being equal. However, available data fail to support the prediction that bigger animals are affected by cancer more than smaller ones. The unexpected lack of correlation between body size (and life span) and cancer risk across taxa was dubbed Peto's paradox. In this perspective, several plausible explanations of Peto's paradox are presented, with the emphasis on a largely underappreciated relation of cell size to both metabolism and cell division rates across species, which we believe are key factors underlying the paradox. We conclude that larger organisms have bigger and slowly dividing cells with lower energy turnover, all significantly reducing the risk of cancer initiation. Solving Peto's paradox will enhance our understanding the evolution of cancer and may provide new implications for cancer prevention and treatment.
Hydraulic Fracturing: A Critical Physical Geography Review
Authors: Lave Rebecca , Lutz Brian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTaking a critical physical geography approach, this article provides the first side‐by‐side review of the physical and social literature on hydraulic fracturing or “fracking” as it is frequently referred to. We note the striking disparities between the physical science literature's description of the relatively manageable impacts of fracking and the almost apocalyptic tone taken in some popular press and critical social science literature. We argue that these disparities may be a result of the dramatic shift in the geography of energy production in the US. The rise of fracking has redistributed environmental injustices beyond traditional national sacrifice zones, such as Appalachia, and towards regions that in many cases are wealthier than Appalachia and have not recently borne the brunt of energy production, causing profound social, cultural, and economic shocks. Reviewing the physical and social science literature together suggests that we reconsider the fracking research agenda. Studies of the physical impacts of hydraulic fracturing should be expanded to address communities' concerns about habitat fragmentation and the impacts of the myriad truck trips required to service fracking wells, neither of which currently are given much attention. Social science research on fracking could benefit from an increase in comparative work, assessing the relative economic and social impacts in regions where energy production is ramping up in relation to regions where it is declining.
Screening for tinea unguium by thermography in older adults with subungual hyperkeratosis
Authors: Miura Yuka , Takehara Kimie , Nakagami Gojiro , Amemiya Ayumi , Kanazawa Toshiki , Kimura Nao , Kishi Chihiro , Koyano Yuiko , Tamai Nao , Nakamura Tetsuro , Kawashima Makoto , Tsunemi Yuichiro , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: October 2014

AimThe purpose of the present study was to assess the difference in foot temperature between tinea unguium‐positive older adults with subungual hyperkeratosis and tinea unguium‐negative older adults with subungual hyperkeratosis to develop a temperature‐based screening method for tinea unguium.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional, observational study investigated 51 residents with subungual hyperkeratosis in two facilities covered by long‐term care insurance between October 2011 and December 2011. One dermatologist recorded the clinical signs of abnormal toenails. Nail specimens were collected from all abnormal nails, and the presence of tinea unguium was confirmed when fungus was detected by direct microscopy. Foot temperature was measured by infrared thermography. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the ability to determine whether residents with subungual hyperkeratosis have tinea unguium and to determine the cut‐off point.ResultsAmong the people with subungual hyperkeratosis, the mean toe temperature in the tinea unguium‐positive group (30.2 ± 2.6°C) was significantly lower than that in the tinea unguium‐negative group (32.8 ± 3.2°C, P = 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.621–0.876), and the threshold temperature was set at 33.0°C, resulting in a sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 65.7%.ConclusionOur study suggests that foot temperature can be used to screen for tinea unguium in people with subungual hyperkeratosis. This non‐invasive and simple screening method would help clinicians to set priorities in terms of carrying out direct microscopy to diagnose tinea unguium in elderly residents in care facilities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 991–996.
Association between objectively measured sleep quality and physical function among community‐dwelling oldest old Japanese: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kim Miji , Yoshida Hideyo , Sasai Hiroyuki , Kojima Narumi , Kim Hunkyung 
Published: October 2014

AimThe present study examined the association between objective measures of sleep quality and performance‐based measures of physical function in community‐dwelling oldest old Japanese.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 207 community‐dwelling adults aged 80 years or older (92 men, 115 women; age 83.5 ± 2.6 years [range 80–95 years]). Participants wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) on their non‐dominant wrist for 24 h per day over seven consecutive nights. Sleep parameters included total sleep time, sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset during the night for a week. Performance‐based physical function measures were handgrip strength, knee extension strength, and usual and maximum walking speeds. Multivariable linear regression was carried out to determine the associations between weekly sleep parameter averages and physical function measures.ResultsApproximately 24% of participants had a total sleep time of less than 6 h a night, and 13% had greater than 8 h a night. Overall, average daily physical activity was 1771.8 ± 520.6 (counts/min/day). In multiple linear regression, sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset were significantly associated with maximum walking speed (β = 0.277; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.103 to 0.351 and β = −0.214; 95% CI −0.339 to −0.082, respectively) and usual walking speed (β = 0.200, 95% CI 0.035 to 0.305 and β = −0.174; 95% CI −0.341 to −0.064, respectively), after adjusting for potential confounding factors including daily physical activity. Both sleep qualities were also independently associated with knee extension strength. However, wake after sleep onset was not associated with handgrip strength.ConclusionObjectively measured sleep quality was associated with physical function in the oldest old. Further research is required to identify the temporality of associations between sleep and physical function. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 1040–1048.
The great imitator revisited: the spectrum of atypical cutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis
Authors: Balagula Yevgeniy , Mattei Peter L. , Wisco Oliver J. , Erdag Gulsun , Chien Anna L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSyphilis is a well‐known sexually transmitted infection infamous for its protean cutaneous manifestations. Over the last decade, the rate of infection in the USA has risen, particularly among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected individuals and certain ethnic groups. Although the primary chancre developing at the site of inoculation usually has typical and well‐characterized features, cutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis span a wide spectrum and mimic those of other dermatoses. This may be particularly evident in patients with HIV. Such deviations from the expected typical papulosquamous eruption may present a diagnostic challenge and delay diagnosis and therapy. Given the increasing incidence of syphilis among the immunosuppressed patient population, recognition of atypical cutaneous manifestations is critical for adequate management. We review a range of cutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis and the skin diseases it may mimic.