bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between maternal and child posttraumatic stress symptoms among families living in southern Israel: The buffering role of maternal executive functions
Authors: Levy Michal , Yatziv Tal , Levavi Kinneret , Yakov Porat , Pike Alison , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Hadar Amnon , Bar Guy , Froimovici Miron , Atzaba‐Poria Naama 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder is a prolonged stress and anxiety response that occurs after exposure to a traumatic event. Research shows that both parental and child posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are correlated but parental executive functions (EFs) could buffer this link. EFs refers to a group of high‐level cognitive processes that enable self‐regulation of thoughts and actions to achieve goal‐directed behaviours and can be of importance for both positive parenting interactions and effective coping skills for PTSS. Our study aimed to (1) examine the link between maternal and child PTSS and the moderating role of varying degrees of exposure to severe security threats context, and (2) to identify the moderating role of maternal EFs in this interaction, among families living in southern Israel. Our sample included 131 mothers in their second pregnancy and their firstborn children. Mothers performed computerised tasks to assess their EFs and they reported on their own and their child's PTSS. Results revealed a positive correlation between maternal PTSS and child PTSS. However, the link between maternal and child PTSS was moderated by maternal working memory updating abilities and threat context severity. Among mothers with lower updating capacities, the association between maternal and child symptoms was stronger under higher threat contexts; conversely, among mothers with higher maternal updating abilities, threat context did not modulate the link between maternal and child PTSS, suggesting a stress‐buffering effect. Our study contributes to the growing literature on the significant role of parental EFs in the context of parent‐child interactions.
Coordination‐Driven Nanomedicine Mitigates One‐Lung Ventilation‐Induced Lung Injury via Radicals Scavenging and Cell Pyroptosis Inhibition
Authors: Fan Yujie , Ou Yangqin , Xiao Ting , Wei Ziye , Zhu LiLing , Zhu Chenghao , Ma Yiran , Qu Shuangquan , Zhou Wenhu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOne‐lung ventilation (OLV) during thoracic surgery often leads to post‐operative complications, yet effective pharmacological interventions are lacking. This study reports a baicalin‐based metal‐coordination nanomedicine with disulfiram (DSF) co‐loading to address one‐lung ventilation‐induced lung injury and reperfusion injury (OLV‐LIRI). Baicalin, known for its robust antioxidant properties, suffers from poor water solubility and stability. Leveraging nanotechnology, baicalin's coordination is systematically explored with seven common metal ions, designing iron/copper‐mediated binary coordination nanoparticles to overcome these limitations. The self‐assembled nanoparticles, primarily formed through metal coordination and π–π stacking forces, encapsulated DSF, ensuring high colloidal stability in diverse physiological matrices. Upon a single‐dose administration via endotracheal intubation, the nanoparticles efficiently accumulate in lung tissues and swiftly penetrate the pulmonary mucosa. Intracellularly, baicalin exhibits free radical scavenging activity to suppress inflammation. Concurrently, the release of Cu2+ and DSF enables the in situ generation of CuET, a potent inhibitor of cell pyroptosis. Harnessing these multifaceted mechanisms, the nanoparticles alleviate lung injury symptoms without notable toxic side effects, suggesting a promising preventive strategy for OLV‐LIRI.
Revealing the Role of Mo Leaching in the Structural Transformation of NiMo Thin Film Catalysts upon Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Neumüller Daniela , Rafailović Lidija D. , Pašti Igor A. , Griesser Thomas , Gammer Christoph , Eckert Jürgen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNiMo alloys are considered highly promising non‐noble Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) catalysts. Besides the synergistic effect of alloying elements, recent attention is drawn to the Mo leaching from the catalyst. This work investigates the role of Mo in NiMo alloys during HER, aiming to understand the interplay between compositional, structural, and electronic factors on the activity, and their effects on the electrode material and catalyst properties. For this purpose, sputter‐deposited low roughness NixMo100‐x thin films are produced. The investigation of catalyst performance depending on their chemical composition shows a volcano‐shaped plot, peaking for the Ni65Mo35 alloy with the highest intrinsic activity in alkaline HER. A comprehensive electrode surface analysis combining transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy identifies the leaching of Mo on a structural level and indicates the formation of a Ni(OH)2‐rich surface area. The ultimate surface characteristics of the NiMo catalysts depend on the initial composition and the electrochemical procedure. Based on the findings, it conclude that the observed catalytic properties of NiMo alloys in HER are determined by a complex interplay of increasing roughness, available surface species and their synergies. The leaching of Mo has a proven structural effect and is considered one of several factors contributing to the enhanced catalyst activity.
Colored Radiative Cooling and Flame‐Retardant Polyurethane‐Based Coatings: Selective Absorption/Reflection in Solar Waveband
Authors: Cai Wei , Wang Junling , Wang Wei , Li Sicheng , Rahman Mohammad Ziaur , Tawiah Benjamin , Ming Yang , Zhou Xia , Xing Weiyi , Hu Yuan , Zhu Jixin , Fei Bin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aesthetic demand has become an imperative challenge to advance the practical and commercial application of daytime radiative cooling technology toward mitigating climate change. Meanwhile, the application of radiative cooling materials usually focuses on the building surface, related tightly to fire safety. Herein, the absorption and reflection spectra of organic and inorganic colorants are first compared in solar waveband, finding that iron oxides have higher reflectivity in NIR region. Second, three kinds of iron oxides‐based colorants are selected to combine porous structure and silicon‐modified ammonium polyphosphate (Si‐APP) to engineer colored polyurethane‐based (PU) coating, thus enhancing the reflectivity and flame retardancy. Together with reflectivity of more than 90% in near‐infrared waveband and infrared emissivity of ≈91%, average temperature drops of ≈5.7, ≈7.9, and ≈3.8 °C are achieved in porous PU/Fe2O3/Si‐APP, porous PU/Fe2O3·H2O/Si‐APP, and porous PU/Fe3O4·H2O/Si‐APP, compared with dense control samples. The catalysis effect of iron oxides in the cross‐linking reaction of pyrolysis products and dehydration mechanism of Si‐APP enable PU coating to produce an intumescent and protective char residue. Consequently, PU composite coatings demonstrate desirable fire safety. The ingenious choice of colorants effectively minimizes the solar heating effect and trades off the daytime radiative cooling and aesthetic appearance requirement.
An All‐in‐One Array of Pressure Sensors and sEMG Electrodes for Scoliosis Monitoring
Authors: Fan Weizhe , Wang Shenglong , Li Qingyang , Ren Xiarong , Zhang Chengcheng , Wang Hanyue , Li Murong , Yang Weiqing , Deng Weili 
Published: August 2024

AbstractScoliosis often occurs in adolescents and seriously affects physical development and health. Traditionally, medical imaging is the most common means of evaluating the corrective effect of bracing during treatment. However, the imaging approach falls short in providing real‐time feedback, and the optimal corrective force remains unclear, potentially slowing the patient's recovery progress. To tackle these challenges, an all‐in‐one integrated array of pressure sensors and sEMG electrodes based on hierarchical MXene/chitosan/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyurethane sponge and MXene/polyimide (PI) is developed. Benefiting from the microstructured electrodes and the modulus enhancement of PDMS, the sensor demonstrates a high sensitivity of 444.3 kPa−1 and a broad linear detection range (up to 81.6 kPa). With the help of electrostatic attraction of chitosan and interface locking of PDMS, the pressure sensor achieves remarkable stability of over 100 000 cycles. Simultaneously, the sEMG electrodes offer exceptional stretchability and flexibility, functioning effectively at 60% strain, which ensures precise signal capture for various human motions. After integrating the developed all‐in‐one arrays into a commercial scoliosis brace, the system can accurately categorize human motion and predict Cobb angles aided by deep learning. This study provides real‐time insights into brace effectiveness and patient progress, offering new ideas for improving the efficiency of scoliosis treatment.
Electrothermally‐Driven Ultrafast Chemical Modulation of Multifunctional Nanocarbon Aerogels
Authors: Xia Dong , Li Qun , Mannering Jamie , Qin Yi , Li Heng , Xu Yifei , Ahamed Ashiq , Zhou Wenyu , Kulak Alexander , Huang Peng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUltrahigh‐temperature Joule‐heating of carbon nanostructures opens up unique opportunities for property enhancements and expanded applications. This study employs rapid electrical Joule‐heating at ultrahigh temperatures (up to 3000 K within 60 s) to induce a transformation in nanocarbon aerogels, resulting in highly graphitic structures. These aerogels function as versatile platforms for synthesizing customizable metal oxide nanoparticles while significantly reducing carbon emissions compared to conventional furnace heating methods. The thermal conductivity of the aerogel, characterized by Umklapp scattering, can be precisely adjusted by tuning the heating temperature. Utilizing the aerogel's superhydrophobic properties enables its practical application in filtration systems for efficiently separating toxic halogenated solvents from water. The hierarchically porous aerogel, featuring a high surface area of 607 m2 g−1, ensures the uniform distribution and spacing of embedded metal oxide nanoparticles, offering considerable advantages for catalytic applications. These findings demonstrate exceptional catalytic performance in oxidative desulfurization, achieving a 98.9% conversion of dibenzothiophene in the model fuel. These results are corroborated by theoretical calculations, surpassing many high‐performance catalysts. This work highlights the pragmatic and highly efficient use of nanocarbon structures in nanoparticle synthesis under ultrahigh temperatures, with short heating durations. Its broad implications extend to the fields of electrochemistry, energy storage, and high‐temperature sensing.
Rapid Synthesis of Ruthenium–Copper Nanocomposites as High‐Performance Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Pan Dingjie , Liu Qiming , Yu Bingzhe , DuBois Davida Briana , Tressel John , Yu Sarah , Kaleekal Noah , Trabanino Sophia , Jeon Yillin , Bridges Frank , Chen Shaowei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDevelopment of high‐performance, low‐cost catalysts for electrochemical water splitting is key to sustainable hydrogen production. Herein, ultrafast synthesis of carbon‐supported ruthenium–copper (RuCu/C) nanocomposites is reported by magnetic induction heating, where the rapid Joule's heating of RuCl3 and CuCl2 at 200 A for 10 s produces Ru–Cl residues‐decorated Ru nanocrystals dispersed on a CuClx scaffold, featuring effective Ru to Cu charge transfer. Among the series, the RuCu/C‐3 sample exhibits the best activity in 1 m KOH toward both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with an overpotential of only −23 and +270 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2, respectively. When RuCu/C‐3 is used as bifunctional catalysts for electrochemical water splitting, a low cell voltage of 1.53 V is needed to produce 10 mA cm−2, markedly better than that with a mixture of commercial Pt/C+RuO2 (1.59 V). In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy measurements show that the bifunctional activity is due to reduction of the Ru–Cl residues at low electrode potentials that enriches metallic Ru and oxidation at high electrode potentials that facilitates the formation of amorphous RuOx. These findings highlight the unique potential of MIH in the ultrafast synthesis of high‐performance catalysts for electrochemical water splitting.
Viologen‐Derived Covalent Organic Frameworks: Advancing PFAS Removal Technology with High Adsorption Capacity
Authors: Zadehnazari Amin , Khosropour Ahmadreza , Zarei Amin , Khazdooz Leila , Amirjalayer Saeed , Auras Florian , Abbaspourrad Alireza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe escalating presence of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water poses urgent public health concerns, necessitating effective removal. This study presents a groundbreaking approach, using viologen to synthesize covalent organic framework nanospheres: MELEM‐COF and MEL‐COF. Characterized by highly crystalline features, these nanospheres exhibit exceptional affinity for diverse anionic PFAS compounds, achieving simultaneous removal of multiple contaminants within 30 min. Investigating six anionic PFAS compounds, MEL‐ and MELEM‐COFs achieved 90.0–99.0% removal efficiency. The integrated analysis unveils the synergistic contributions of COF morphology and functional properties to PFAS adsorption. Notably, MELEM‐COF, with cationic surfaces, exploits electrostatic and dipole interactions, with a 2500 mg g−1 adsorption capacity—surpassing all reported COFs to date. MELEM‐COF exhibits rapid exchange kinetics, reaching equilibrium within 30 min. These findings deepen the understanding of COF materials and promise avenues for refining COF‐based adsorption strategies.
Morphometrical and molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in wild canids in north of Iran
Authors: Darounkola Moein Abolhasani , Ebrahimzadeh Elahe , Borji Hassan , Khoshvaght Mohammadreza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThe cestode Echinococcus granulosus causes cystic echinococcosis, a zoonotic parasitic infection that constitutes a significant public health risk. This parasite has been documented to have potential reservoirs and carriers among wild canids, namely wolves, foxes and jackals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of E. granulosus sensu lato species/genotypes among wild canids in three northern, northeastern and north‐western Iran regions.MethodsFrom 2019 to 2022, 93 wild canid carcasses (69 jackals), (22 foxes) and (2 wolves) were collected that were killed in car accidents or illnesses. Analyses of morphology and morphometry were performed to verify the presence of E. granulosus. To determine E. granulosus s.l. species/genotypes, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐RFLP (ITS1) was performed utilizing the Bsh1236I (BstUI) restriction enzyme. COX1, NADH1 and ITS1 gene sequencing were also performed to confirm the PCR‐RFLP results.ResultsDuring this study, 93 wild canids were examined, and 3.2% (95% CI: 0%–7%) of the 93 were infected with Echinococcus. The north‐western region of Iran showed two out of 30 jackals (6.6%) infected with adult Echinococcus compared to one out of 35 jackals (2.8%) in the northern region. DNA from Echinococcus was detected in these individuals by PCR. Based on PCR‐RFLP analysis of the ITS1 gene and sequencing of COX1, NADH1 and ITS1 gene, E. granulosus sensu stricto genotype was confirmed in the jackals that had been infected.ConclusionEvidence shows that E. granulosus occurs in jackals in Iran, with the E. granulosus s.s. genotype being the most common. This parasite has been identified as a zoonotic parasite with a genotype that can be transmitted to livestock and humans. Establishing effective control measures to prevent the spread of echinococcosis and ensure public health is crucial.
Fabrication and dielectric spectroscopy analysis of FeGaInS4/PVA composite materials
Authors: Addayeva Zeynab , Azizian‐Kalandaragh Yashar , Niftiyev Namiq , Eyvazova Goncha , Mammadov Faik , Babanly Mahammad , Baghirov Mahammad Baghir , Muradov Mustafa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe control of dielectric permittivity and conductivity is a crucial factor in the development of certain electronic components. Materials based on layered structures and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) show great potential for applications in supercapacitors. Therefore, the creation of polymer composites based on layered semiconductors and the determination of their physical properties is significant. In this investigation, a composite comprising 1 wt% FeGaInS4 dispersed in PVA was synthesized through mechanical mixing, where the FeGaInS4 crystal was incorporated into the PVA matrix. This study explores the physical characteristics of this composite for the first time. The structure of the composite was analyzed using x‐ray diffraction (XRD). Electrical properties and conductivity mechanisms were examined using a dielectric spectrometer. It was determined that the hopping model conductivity mechanism predominates in the FeGaInS4/PVA nanocomposite. For the 1 wt% FeGaInS4/PVA composite, system parameters were calculated at a temperature of 313 K and a frequency of 5 × 103 Hz. The parameters found are s = 0.814, potential barrier height WM = 0.868 eV, hopping length Rω = 14.7 × 10−10 m, and the concentration of pairs of states between, which charge carriers hop N = 1.396 × 1026 m−3.Highlights
1 wt% FeGaInS4 composite synthesized via mechanical assembly.
Small crystals boost dielectric constant by 1.5× via interfacial polarization.
The system parameters are defined: s = 0.814, WM = 0.868 eV, Rω = 14.7 × 10−10 m.
Electrical conduction is multifaceted; conductance hopping dominates.
Loss tangent decreases due to interfacial polarization effects.
Water on the mind: Mapping behavioral and psychological research on water security
Authors: Conway Declan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWater security as a concept recognizes the profound connections between the physical and social aspects of water. Yet, water security research features limited perspectives from two disciplines directly concerned with human behavior—the behavioral and psychological sciences. This review aims to characterize the main areas of research on water (including floods and droughts) which do feature concepts and methods from the behavioral and psychological sciences, discuss knowledge gaps, and draw attention to their potential to contribute to water‐related research. Bibliometric mapping of published water research identifies five research clusters and associated sub‐clusters: risk perception and flood, climate change and drought, water quality and water conservation, drinking water and bottled water, and mental health and WASH. A summary of research in each cluster and sub‐cluster highlights the application of many conceptual frameworks and behavioral determinants associated with water‐related behavior. Few articles focus on the role of governance or structural factors, and studies in low‐ and middle‐income countries are less represented in some clusters. The discussion considers the scope to apply higher level organizing frameworks for structuring behavioral and psychological science applications in water security and for exploring synergies with the physical and wider social sciences. In conclusion, further engagement with behavioral and psychological science within, between, and beyond the clusters identified here, could potentially deepen understanding of human–water interactions and enhance the design of measures to promote water security.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water Governance
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
A Study of the Near Wake Deformation of the X‐Rotor Vertical‐Axis Wind Turbine With Pitched Blades
Authors: Bensason David , Sciacchitano Andrea , Giri Ajay Adhyanth , Simao Ferreira Carlos 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTRecent studies have revealed the large potential of vertical‐axis wind turbines (VAWTs) for high‐energy‐density wind farms due to their favorable wake recovery characteristics. The present study provides an experimental demonstration and proof‐of‐concept for the wake recovery mechanism of the novel X‐Rotor VAWT. The phase‐locked flowfield is measured at several streamwise locations along the X‐Rotor's wake using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) with fixed‐pitch offsets applied to the blades. The streamwise vortex system of the upper half of the X‐Rotor is first hypothesized and then experimentally verified. The induced wake deformations of the vortex systems are discussed in comparison with previous studies concerning traditional H‐type VAWTs. The results suggest that positive blade pitch is more favorable for accelerated wake recovery due to the dominant tip‐vortex generated on the upwind windward quadrant of the cycle. Utilizing theoretical blade load variations along the span explains distinct unsteady flow features in the near wake generated at select quadrants of the rotor rotation, shedding light on the potential of the two pitch schemes.