bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signature of a polyamorphic transition in the THz spectrum of vitreous GeO2
Authors: Cunsolo Alessandro , Li Yan , Kodituwakku Chaminda N. , Wang Shibing , Antonangeli Daniele , Bencivenga Filippo , Battistoni Andrea , Verbeni Roberto , Tsutsui Satoshi , Baron Alfred Q. R. , Mao Ho-Kwang , Bolmatov Dima , Cai Yong Q. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe THz spectrum of density fluctuations, S(Q, ω), of vitreous GeO2 at ambient temperature was measured by inelastic x-ray scattering from ambient pressure up to pressures well beyond that of the known α-quartz to rutile polyamorphic (PA) transition. We observe significant differences in the spectral shape measured below and above the PA transition, in particular, in the 30–80 meV range. Guided by first-principle lattice dynamics calculations, we interpret the changes in the phonon dispersion as the evolution from a quartz-like to a rutile-like coordination. Notably, such a crossover is accompanied by a cusp-like behavior in the pressure dependence of the elastic response of the system. Overall, the presented results highlight the complex fingerprint of PA phenomena on the high-frequency phonon dispersion.
Direct cloning and heterologous expression of the salinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces albus DSM41398 in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
Authors: Yin Jia , Hoffmann Michael , Bian Xiaoying , Tu Qiang , Yan Fu , Xia Liqiu , Ding Xuezhi , Francis Stewart A. , Müller Rolf , Fu Jun , Zhang Youming 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLinear plus linear homologous recombination-mediated recombineering (LLHR) is ideal for obtaining natural product biosynthetic gene clusters from pre-digested bacterial genomic DNA in one or two steps of recombineering. The natural product salinomycin has a potent and selective activity against cancer stem cells and is therefore a potential anti-cancer drug. Herein, we separately isolated three fragments of the salinomycin gene cluster (salO-orf18) from Streptomyces albus (S. albus) DSM41398 using LLHR and assembled them into intact gene cluster (106 kb) by Red/ET and expressed it in the heterologous host Streptomyces coelicolor (S. coelicolor) A3(2). We are the first to report a large genomic region from a Gram-positive strain has been cloned using LLHR. The successful reconstitution and heterologous expression of the salinomycin gene cluster offer an attractive system for studying the function of the individual genes and identifying novel and potential analogues of complex natural products in the recipient strain.
Direct frequency comb optical frequency standard based on two-photon transitions of thermal atoms
Authors: Zhang S. Y. , Wu J. T. , Zhang Y. L. , Leng J. X. , Yang W. P. , Zhang Z. G. , Zhao J. Y. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOptical clocks have been the focus of science and technology research areas due to their capability to provide highest frequency accuracy and stability to date. Their superior frequency performance promises significant advances in the fields of fundamental research as well as practical applications including satellite-based navigation and ranging. In traditional optical clocks, ultrastable optical cavities, laser cooling and particle (atoms or a single ion) trapping techniques are employed to guarantee high stability and accuracy. However, on the other hand, they make optical clocks an entire optical tableful of equipment and cannot work continuously for a long time; as a result, they restrict optical clocks used as very convenient and compact time-keeping clocks. In this article, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated, a novel scheme of optical frequency standard based on comb-directly-excited atomic two-photon transitions. By taking advantage of the natural properties of the comb and two-photon transitions, this frequency standard achieves a simplified structure, high robustness as well as decent frequency stability, which promise widespread applications in various scenarios.
Evidence of fatal skeletal injuries on Malapa Hominins 1 and 2
Authors: L’Abbé Ericka N. , Symes Steven A. , Pokines James T. , Cabo Luis L. , Stull Kyra E. , Kuo Sharon , Raymond David E. , Randolph-Quinney Patrick S. , Berger Lee R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMalapa is one of the richest early hominin sites in Africa and the discovery site of the hominin species, Australopithecus sediba. The holotype and paratype (Malapa Hominin 1 and 2, or MH1 and MH2, respectively) skeletons are among the most complete in the early hominin record. Dating to approximately two million years BP, MH1 and MH2 are hypothesized to have fallen into a natural pit trap. All fractures evident on MH1 and MH2 skeletons were evaluated and separated based on wet and dry bone fracture morphology/characteristics. Most observed fractures are post-depositional, but those in the right upper limb of the adult hominin strongly indicate active resistance to an impact, while those in the juvenile hominin mandible are consistent with a blow to the face. The presence of skeletal trauma independently supports the falling hypothesis and supplies the first evidence for the manner of death of an australopith in the fossil record that is not attributed to predation or natural death.
Three plasma metabolite signatures for diagnosing high altitude pulmonary edema
Authors: Guo Li , Tan Guangguo , Liu Ping , Li Huijie , Tang Lulu , Huang Lan , Ren Qian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHigh-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a potentially fatal condition, occurring at altitudes greater than 3,000 m and affecting rapidly ascending, non-acclimatized healthy individuals. However, the lack of biomarkers for this disease still constitutes a bottleneck in the clinical diagnosis. Here, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-TOF mass spectrometry was applied to study plasma metabolite profiling from 57 HAPE and 57 control subjects. 14 differential plasma metabolites responsible for the discrimination between the two groups from discovery set (35 HAPE subjects and 35 healthy controls) were identified. Furthermore, 3 of the 14 metabolites (C8-ceramide, sphingosine and glutamine) were selected as candidate diagnostic biomarkers for HAPE using metabolic pathway impact analysis. The feasibility of using the combination of these three biomarkers for HAPE was evaluated, where the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.981 and 0.942 in the discovery set and the validation set (22 HAPE subjects and 22 healthy controls), respectively. Taken together, these results suggested that this composite plasma metabolite signature may be used in HAPE diagnosis, especially after further investigation and verification with larger samples.
Co-infections and transmission networks of HCV, HIV-1 and HPgV among people who inject drugs
Authors: Ng Kim Tien , Takebe Yutaka , Chook Jack Bee , Chow Wei Zhen , Chan Kok Gan , Abed Al-Darraji Haider Abdulrazzaq , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Tee Kok Keng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCo-infections with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human pegivirus (HPgV) are common in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals. However, analysis on the evolutionary dynamics and transmission network profiles of these viruses among individuals with multiple infections remains limited. A total of 228 injecting drug users (IDUs), either HCV- and/or HIV-1-infected, were recruited in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. HCV, HIV-1 and HPgV genes were sequenced, with epidemic growth rates assessed by the Bayesian coalescent method. Based on the sequence data, mono-, dual- and triple-infection were detected in 38.8%, 40.6% and 20.6% of the subjects, respectively. Fifteen transmission networks involving HCV (subtype 1a, 1b, 3a and 3b), HIV-1 (CRF33_01B) and HPgV (genotype 2) were identified and characterized. Genealogical estimates indicated that the predominant HCV, HIV-1 and HPgV genotypes were introduced into the IDUs population through multiple sub-epidemics that emerged as early as 1950s (HCV), 1980s (HIV-1) and 1990s (HPgV). By determining the difference in divergence times between viral lineages (ΔtMRCA), we also showed that the frequency of viral co-transmission is low among these IDUs. Despite increased access to therapy and other harm reduction interventions, the continuous emergence and coexistence of new transmission networks suggest persistent multiple viral transmissions among IDUs.
Sensitive Determination of Onco-metabolites of D- and L-2-hydroxyglutarate Enantiomers by Chiral Derivatization Combined with Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Authors: Cheng Qing-Yun , Xiong Jun , Huang Wei , Ma Qin , Ci Weimin , Feng Yu-Qi , Yuan Bi-Feng 
Published: October 2015

Abstract2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is a potent competitor of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and can inhibit multiple α-KG dependent dioxygenases that function on the epigenetic modifications. The accumulation of 2HG contributes to elevated risk of malignant tumors. 2HG carries an asymmetric carbon atom in its carbon backbone and differentiation between D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) and L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG) is crucially important for accurate diagnosis of 2HG related diseases. Here we developed a strategy by chiral derivatization combined with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis for highly sensitive determination of D-2HG and L-2HG enantiomers. N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-L-phenylalanyl chloride (TSPC) was used to derivatize 2HG. The formed diastereomers by TSPC labeling can efficiently improve the chromatographic separation of D-2HG and L-2HG. And derivatization by TSPC could also markedly increase the detection sensitivities by 291 and 346 folds for D-2HG and L-2HG, respectively. Using the developed method, we measured the contents of D-2HG and L-2HG in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues. We observed 12.9 and 29.8 folds increase of D-2HG and L-2HG, respectively, in human ccRCC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. The developed chiral derivatization combined with LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis offers sensitive determination of D-2HG and L-2HG enantiomers, which benefits the precise diagnosis of 2HG related metabolic diseases.
Cadherin-13, a risk gene for ADHD and comorbid disorders, impacts GABAergic function in hippocampus and cognition
Authors: Rivero O , Selten M M , Sich S , Popp S , Bacmeister L , Amendola E , Negwer M , Schubert D , Proft F , Kiser D , Schmitt A G , Gross C , Kolk S M , Strekalova T , van den Hove D , Resink T J , Nadif Kasri N , Lesch K P 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCadherin-13 (CDH13), a unique glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored member of the cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules, has been identified as a risk gene for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and various comorbid neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions, including depression, substance abuse, autism spectrum disorder and violent behavior, while the mechanism whereby CDH13 dysfunction influences pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders remains elusive. Here we explored the potential role of CDH13 in the inhibitory modulation of brain activity by investigating synaptic function of GABAergic interneurons. Cellular and subcellular distribution of CDH13 was analyzed in the murine hippocampus and a mouse model with a targeted inactivation ofCdh13was generated to evaluate how CDH13 modulates synaptic activity of hippocampal interneurons and behavioral domains related to psychopathologic (endo)phenotypes. We show that CDH13 expression in thecornu ammonis(CA) region of the hippocampus is confined to distinct classes of interneurons. Specifically, CDH13 is expressed by numerous parvalbumin and somatostatin-expressing interneurons located in the stratum oriens, where it localizes to both the soma and the presynaptic compartment.Cdh13−/−mice show an increase in basal inhibitory, but not excitatory, synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Associated with these alterations in hippocampal function,Cdh13−/−mice display deficits in learning and memory. Taken together, our results indicate that CDH13 is a negative regulator of inhibitory synapses in the hippocampus, and provide insights into how CDH13 dysfunction may contribute to the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ADHD and autism.
“In spite of the death of God”: Gabriel Vahanian’s secular theology
Authors: Grimshaw Mike 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhat if secularity is a theological condition? What if secularity is the theological and societal experience of both biblical religion and the death of God? Beginning with The Death of God (1961), for half a century Gabriel Vahanian (1927–2012) developed a theory of secularity expressed as a distinctly theological saeculum: the shared world of human experience. Vahanian’s saeculum was positioned against what he identified as an “idolatrous concern about secular matters” (196) that resulted in “the idolization of religion” (196) expressed in technological religiosity representing “an unmistakable abdication of faith to reason—or unreason” (197). As outlined in No Other God (1966), Vahanian’s concern was with atheistic theologies that took the death of God and in his view denied it, “by sublimating it into a newfangled soeteriological concept” (4). Vahanian’s theological saeculum gives rise to a radical secular theology that begins in an iconoclasm of the self, includes an iconoclasm of the culture in which one finds oneself, and continually seeks a way to restate the biblical tradition into a post-Christian world. In his last book, Theopoetics of the Word (2014), Vahanian wrote, “You do theology not against the background of the death of God but in spite of it” (121). I have taken this as the epigraph for the discussion that follows. In this I write a radical secular theology via Vahanian’s Praise of the Secular, guided by my approach I term an annotative hermeneutics that arises from an engagement with the weak thought of the Italian philosopher Gianni Vattimo. The radical, secular theology that follows occurs against the background of the death of God, the death of God announced by Nietzsche and the death of God so thoughtfully, so faithfully, traversed by Vahanian. It is a secular theology of annotative hermeneutics that arises from Vahanian but is not Vahanian’s. Rather it is where Vahanian’s secular theology may lead us. This paper is published as part of a thematic collection dedicated to radical theologies.
Lianas reduce carbon accumulation and storage in tropical forests
Authors: van der Heijden Geertje M. F. , Powers Jennifer S. , Schnitzer Stefan A. 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceTropical forests store nearly 30% of global terrestrial carbon and contribute to 40% of the global terrestrial carbon sink. By affecting tree growth and survival, lianas impact the carbon balance of these forests. Here we demonstrate with a 3-y experiment that lianas substantially reduce forest-level carbon uptake and storage. This study is, to our knowledge, the first direct demonstration of liana effects at the ecosystem scale and illustrates the important role of lianas in tropical forests, particularly with respect to carbon budgets. Lianas are increasing in biomass and productivity throughout the tropics, and thus our findings have even greater relevance in terms of the fate of the tropical carbon balance, as well as for global atmospheric CO2levels, in a changing climate.
Receipt of reward leads to altered estimation of effort
Authors: Pooresmaeili Arezoo , Wannig Aurel , Dolan Raymond J. 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Retrospective reevaluation of effort is a pervasive aspect of everyday life, such as when we assess our professional satisfaction after knowing the ensuing outcomes. Previous studies have focused on the interaction of effort and reward when a choice is to be made, whereas retrospective interactions have been largely ignored. Here we show that humans revise their estimation of effort after receiving a reward. When rewarded more than average, subjects tend to overestimate their effort, with a converse effect observed for low rewards. The size of this bias depends strongly on the contingency between reward magnitude and task difficulty and is dynamically adjusted when changes occur in these contingencies. These results reveal a sophisticated mechanism to cope with reward–effort inconsistencies.
Shp2 and Pten have antagonistic roles in myeloproliferation but cooperate to promote erythropoiesis in mammals
Authors: Zhu Helen He , Luo Xiaolin , Zhang Kaiqing , Cui Jian , Zhao Huifang , Ji Zhongzhong , Zhou Zhicheng , Yao Jufang , Zeng Lifan , Ji Kaihong , Gao Wei-Qiang , Zhang Zhong-Yin , Feng Gen-Sheng 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Despite the extensive attentions paid to phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) or SH2-containing tyrosine phosphatase (Shp2) functions in cell signaling, how their regulated pathways are intertwined has never been investigated. By creating a compound mutant mouse line with both genes deleted in blood cells, we have found that Pten and Shp2 can work antagonistically in myelopoiesis, while acting cooperatively in erythropoiesis. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of Shp2 suppressed myeloproliferative neoplasm induced by Pten loss but induced severe anemia. These data explain why some pharmaceuticals designed to target a specific pathway can suppress one pathogenic process but trigger another.
Neural substrate for higher-order learning in an insect: Mushroom bodies are necessary for configural discriminations
Authors: Devaud Jean-Marc , Papouin Thomas , Carcaud Julie , Sandoz Jean-Christophe , Grünewald Bernd , Giurfa Martin 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Mushroom bodies are prominent structures of the insect brain that have been associated with the storage and retrieval of elemental forms of memory. We took advantage of the unique cognitive capabilities of honey bees to uncover a previously unidentified function for these structures. Because the honey bee is the only insect in which higher-order, configural learning has been demonstrated, we asked whether the mushroom bodies of this insect are necessary for this task. Disrupting reversibly mushroom body function upon configural conditioning, we show that these structures are required for the acquisition of configural, but not of elemental, learning. This functionality resembles that of the vertebrate brain, where different brain regions are recruited for learning forms of different complexity.
Transcriptome analyses reveal molecular mechanisms underlying functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Duan Hongmei , Ge Weihong , Zhang Aifeng , Xi Yue , Chen Zhihua , Luo Dandan , Cheng Yin , Fan Kevin S. , Horvath Steve , Sofroniew Michael V. , Cheng Liming , Yang Zhaoyang , Sun Yi E. , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: October 2015

Significance
In this study, we used gene expression analyses to unveil mechanisms underlying NT3-chitosan–induced spinal cord regeneration. Using a powerful bioinformatics tool known as weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we have established gene modules and programs representing various events at different times after spinal cord injury (SCI) and also demonstrated that enhanced new neurogenesis and vascularization, as well as reduced inflammatory responses, are keys to conferring the effect of NT3-chitosan on regeneration. The objectivity of this approach and the use of big data processing have opened a new pathway in SCI research. Such quantitative, objective, and sensitive measures could provide a standardized approach in the future to reveal mechanistic insight into various potential interventions for SCI repair.
NT3-chitosan elicits robust endogenous neurogenesis to enable functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Yang Zhaoyang , Zhang Aifeng , Duan Hongmei , Zhang Sa , Hao Peng , Ye Keqiang , Sun Yi E. , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating medical condition with no cure at present time. In this study we have discovered that a biodegradable material, chitosan, when loaded with, Neurotrophin-3 (NT3), allowed for slow release of this neural trophic factor, providing an optimal microenvironment for regeneration. NT3-chitosan, when inserted into a 5 mm gap of completely transected and excised rat thoracic spinal cord, elicited robust activation of endogenous neural stem cells forming functional neural networks, which interconnected the severed ascending and descending axons, resulting in sensory and motor behavioral recovery. Our study suggests that enhancing endogenous neurogenesis by NT3-chitosan could be a novel strategy for treatment of SCI.
Quality of evidence revealing subtle gender biases in science is in the eye of the beholder
Authors: Handley Ian M. , Brown Elizabeth R. , Moss-Racusin Corinne A. , Smith Jessi L. 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceEver-growing empirical evidence documents a gender bias against women and their research—and favoring men—in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Our research examined how receptive the scientific and public communities are to experimental evidence demonstrating this gender bias, which may contribute to women’s underrepresentation within STEM. Results from our three experiments, using general-public and university faculty samples, demonstrated that men evaluate the quality of research unveiling this bias as less meritorious than do women. These findings may inform and fuel self-correction efforts within STEM to reduce gender bias, bolster objectivity and diversity in STEM workforces, and enhance discovery, education, and achievement.
Catalogue of abrupt shifts in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change climate models
Authors: Drijfhout Sybren , Bathiany Sebastian , Beaulieu Claudie , Brovkin Victor , Claussen Martin , Huntingford Chris , Scheffer Marten , Sgubin Giovanni , Swingedouw Didier 
Published: October 2015

Significance
One of the most concerning consequences of human-induced increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations is the potential for rapid regional transitions in the climate system. Yet, despite much public awareness of how “tipping points” may be crossed, little information is available as to exactly what may be expected in the coming centuries. We assess all Earth System Models underpinning the recent 5th Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report and systematically search for evidence of abrupt changes. We do find abrupt changes in sea ice, oceanic flows, land ice, and terrestrial ecosystem response, although with little consistency among the models. A particularly large number is projected for warming levels below 2°. We discuss mechanisms and include methods to objectively classify abrupt climate change.
Blue-phase liquid crystal droplets
Authors: Martínez-González José A. , Zhou Ye , Rahimi Mohammad , Bukusoglu Emre , Abbott Nicholas L. , de Pablo Juan J. 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Blue phases represent distinct liquid states of matter having a high viscosity, finite shear modulus, and Bragg reflections in the visible spectrum. These properties arise from a highly ordered defect structure, unique amongst complex liquids, which is stable only over a narrow range of temperature. The number and characteristics of the corresponding unit cells could in principle be altered by confinement. In this work we show that the stability of blue phases can be increased by preparing them into small droplets. We demonstrate that defect structure, color, and morphology can be manipulated by controlling droplet size, temperature, and anchoring, thereby offering intriguing opportunities for optical devices based on chiral liquid crystals.