bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Aminoglycoside-Induced Hearing Loss Risk in the Perinatal Period
Authors: Thompson Whitney S. , Saba Leslie , Hasadsri Linda , Girard Sylvie , Schimmenti Lisa A. , Bendel-Stenzel Ellen M. , Wick Myra J. , Brumbaugh Jane E. 
Published: July 2024

Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence and heteroplasmy level(s) of MT-RNR1 variants m.1555A > G and m.1494C > T, which are associated with aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss, in a general perinatal population. This study also aimed to characterize the association of these variants and their heteroplasmy levels with hearing loss outcomes with and without aminoglycoside exposure.
Study Design Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction was performed on 479 maternal DNA samples from a general perinatal biobank at our institution to detect the presence and heteroplasmy levels of MT-RNR1 variants m.1555A > G and m.1494C > T. Testing of paired neonatal specimen(s) was planned for positive maternal tests. A retrospective chart review was performed to characterize the population, identify aminoglycoside exposures, and determine hearing outcomes.
Results All maternal samples tested negative for MT-RNR1 variants m.1555A > G and m.1494C > T. Maternal and neonatal subjects had high rates of aminoglycoside exposure (15.9 and 13.9%, respectively). No subjects with sensorineural or mixed hearing loss had documented aminoglycoside exposure.
Conclusion This study demonstrated that a larger sample size is needed to establish the prevalence of these variants as no subjects tested positive. Determination of variant prevalence in the neonatal population, association of variant heteroplasmy levels with hearing outcomes, and reliability of maternal testing as a surrogate for neonatal testing are important next steps toward universal prenatal or newborn screening.
Key Points
Beyond IR? Relationality, complementarity and entangled systems: response to Shih Chih-yu
Authors: Fierke K. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis contribution revisits Shih's mission of relational IR and the Chinese relational school from the perspective of the parallel between quantum physics and ancient Asian philosophies, such as Buddhism and Daoism, asking questions about the significance of relational IR as a contradiction or complementarity, the nature of relational systems, and the role of conversation and translation in an unfolding world. It concludes with a reflection on time, memory and emotion as it relates to a past of empire.
Relation between attitudes towards pornography consumption, peer sexual behaviors and attitudes towards premarital sex among the college students in Guangdong province, China
Authors: Peng Yangzhi , Zheng Yongru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLimited research exists on college students’ attitudes towards premarital sex in China, despite its increasing prevalence among youth. This study examines the correlation between attitudes towards pornography consumption, peer sexual behaviors, and college students’ attitudes towards premarital sex in Guangdong province, China. Using convenient and snowball sampling, 326 participants completed a questionnaire. Results reveal significant correlations between attitudes towards pornography consumption, peer sexual behaviors, and attitudes towards premarital sex. The study discusses implications for practice and policy. These findings offer practical insights for future research on love and marriage in Chinese society.
A gas chromatography system for measuring carbonaceous gases released at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions
Authors: Wu Sensen , Tao Renbiao , Chen Bin , Dong Hongliang , Xiao Zhijian , Zhang Baohua , Hu Qingyang 
Published: July 2024

Carbonates or carbon-bearing materials may release gases under high pressure and high temperature (HP–HT) conditions. Characterizing the species and quantifying the volumes of these carbonaceous gases are critical for understanding carbon chemistry. However, the volatile nature of carbonaceous gas poses technical challenges in their collection, speciation, and quantification during HP–HT experiments. To address these challenges, we have developed a system that integrates sample collection, gas transportation, chemical conversion, and measurement of carbonaceous gases trapped within the large volume press capsules. The system comprises a capsule-crushing device for thorough sample pulverization, a mechanizer coupled with a flame ionization detector, a gas-sealing and transport interface, and gas chromatography for detection. To evaluate the system’s capabilities, we quantified the gas volumes released from encapsulated kerogen quenched from 1.9 GPa to 873, 973, and 1073 K. The collected gas chromatography signals were compared to those obtained from standard mixed-gases. The volumes of CO2, CH4, and C2H6 in the samples were successfully derived from the signal peak area through calibration. The relative standard deviation value of two runs at 3 GPa and 1073 K is 1.956%, suggesting good reproducibility. Our system thus provides a robust solution for investigating carbon chemistry under HP–HT conditions.
Embossed x-ray computed tomography utilizing pixel-shifted dual-energy subtraction
Authors: Ito Kazuki , Sato Eiichi , Oda Yasuyuki , Moriyama Hodaka , Hagiwara Osahiko , Enomoto Toshiyuki , Yoshida Sohei , Watanabe Manabu 
Published: July 2024

To observe fine blood vessels as uneven tomographic images at a high contrast, we performed tentative experiments on embossed x-ray computed tomography (CT). We constructed a cone-beam CT scanner and carried out dual-energy CT with tube voltages of 60 and 100 kV. X-ray photons penetrating through an object were detected using an indirect-conversion flat panel detector, and radiograms were produced and sent to a personal computer to reconstruct tomograms. Embossed CT was performed using pixel-shifted dual-energy subtraction, and blood vessels filled with Gd medium were observed as uneven images at high contrast and spatial resolutions. Using 1.4-time magnification imaging in combination with a 0.1-mm-focus x-ray tube, the diameter of the object visible on the embossed CT was below 100 μm.
Binary phase behavior of select organosulfur compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide: A Monte Carlo molecular simulation study
Authors: DeMartinis Derek K. , Stubbs John M. 
Published: July 2024

Pressure–composition binary phase diagrams were determined for methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, thiophene, benzothiophene, or dibenzothiophene with carbon dioxide at temperatures from 363 to 453 K and pressures from 2 to 20 MPa. Utilizing Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo molecular simulation, phase coexistence compositions were determined, along with the impact of 4% water cosolvent on select results. Solution structure as a function of pressure and temperature is characterized via radial distribution functions. Comparison to available experimental composition data gives overall mean absolute percentage deviations of 2.2% for thiophene, 37% for methanethiol, and 99% for benzothiophene. Solubilities in a CO2-rich phase are calculated to be sufficient to allow extraction and detection of the compounds studied here via supercritical fluid chromatography and mass spectrometry as a possible analysis approach for future Mars rover missions.
Accurate ab initio based potential energy surface and kinetics of the Cl + NH3 → HCl + NH2 reaction
Authors: Tu Zhao , Li Jiaqi , Yang Mingjuan , Chen Yizhuo , Wang Yan , Song Hongwei 
Published: July 2024

The gas-phase reaction Cl + NH3 → HCl + NH2 is a prototypical hydrogen abstraction reaction, whose minimum energy path involves several intermediate complexes. In this work, a full-dimensional, spin–orbit corrected potential energy surface (SOC PES) is constructed for the ground electronic state of the Cl + NH3 reaction. About 52 000 energy points are sampled and calculated at the UCCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ level, in which the data points located in the entrance channel are spin–orbit corrected. The spin–orbit corrections are predicted by a fitted three-dimensional energy surface from about 7520 energy points in the entrance channel at the level of CASSCF (15e, 11o)/aug-cc-pVTZ. The fundamental-invariant neural network method is utilized to fit the SOC PES, resulting in a total root mean square error of 0.12 kcal mol−1. The calculated thermal rate constants of the Cl + NH3 → HCl + NH2 reaction on the SOC PES with the soft-zero-point energy constraint agree reasonably well with the available experimental values.
Infrared signature of the hydroperoxyalkyl intermediate (·QOOH) in cyclohexane oxidation: An isomer-resolved spectroscopic study
Authors: Roy Tarun Kumar , Qian Yujie , Sojdak Christopher A. , Kozlowski Marisa C. , Klippenstein Stephen J. , Lester Marsha I. 
Published: July 2024

Infrared (IR) action spectroscopy is utilized to characterize carbon-centered hydroperoxy-cyclohexyl radicals (·QOOH) transiently formed in cyclohexane oxidation. The oxidation pathway leads to three nearly degenerate ·QOOH isomers, β-, γ-, and δ-QOOH, which are generated in the laboratory by H-atom abstraction from the corresponding ring sites of the cyclohexyl hydroperoxide (CHHP) precursor. The IR spectral features of jet-cooled and stabilized ·QOOH radicals are observed from 3590 to 7010 cm−1 (∼10–20 kcal mol−1) at energies in the vicinity of the transition state (TS) barrier leading to OH radicals that are detected by ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence. The experimental approach affords selective detection of β-QOOH, arising from its significantly lower TS barrier to OH products compared to γ and δ isomers, which results in rapid unimolecular decay and near unity branching to OH products. The observed IR spectrum of β-QOOH includes fundamental and overtone OH stretch transitions, overtone CH stretch transitions, and combination bands involving OH or CH stretch with lower frequency modes. The assignment of β-QOOH spectral features is guided by anharmonic frequencies and intensities computed using second-order vibrational perturbation theory. The overtone OH stretch (2νOH) of β-QOOH is shifted only a few wavenumbers from that observed for the CHHP precursor, yet they are readily distinguished by their prompt vs slow dissociation rates to OH products.
Obesity and sexual health trends among a large, national sample of men who have sex with men on Grindr in the USA
Authors: Zaliznyak Michael , Gonzales Manuel , Gaither Thomas W. 
Published: July 2024

Background A growing number of men who have sex with men (MSM) utilise Grindr for seeking relationships and immediate/casual sexual encounters. Grindr and other mobile applications can be a valuable source of information on sociological predictors of health. One topic that is under reported is the use of Grindr by MSM with obesity. We described differences in Grindr use between MSM with and without obesity, and to use Grindr information to reveal trends which may serve as potential predictors of health. Methods Data was collected from 3744 Grindr users (mean age [s.d.], 32.3 years [9.1]) from the largest 50 metropolitan centres in the USA between February and May 2018. Users were divided into two cohorts based on BMI: (1) MSM with obesity (BMI > 30), n = 253; and (2) MSM without obesity, n = 3491. Profile characteristics were compared. Results When evaluating potential predictors for obesity, we found that black/African-American and older MSM were significantly more likely to have obesity. Further, we found that obesity among MSM was significantly inversely associated with the population percent lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) within a city. Additionally, we found that MSM with obesity were significantly more likely to indicate interest in immediate sexual encounters. Conclusions These results highlight important trends that may serve as predictors of health in urban settings. Furthermore, our results suggest that MSM with obesity may be more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviours. These findings may be useful in informing providers and healthcare officials on when and how to provide outreach to this unique population.
First-line treatment with ceftriaxone for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection less likely to be prescribed to patients with a penicillin allergy label: a retrospective audit of medical records
Authors: Durban E. , English K. , Evans R. , Martin S. 
Published: July 2024

Background Gonorrhoea notifications have increased substantially in Australia over the past decade. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is already highly resistant to several antibiotics and so, alternatives to first-line treatment are generally strongly discouraged. The penicillin allergy label (AL) on patient medical records has previously been shown to influence prescribing practices, to the detriment of best-practice management and antimicrobial stewardship. This study aimed to understand how the penicillin AL influences antibiotic selection for gonorrhoea treatment at Canberra Sexual Health Centre. Methods A retrospective chart audit of gonorrhoea cases treated at Canberra Sexual Health Centre between January 2020 and October 2023 (n = 619 patients, n = 728 cases). Antibiotic selection was assessed according to penicillin AL status. Ceftriaxone selection was assessed according to penicillin allergy severity reported in the medical records and as determined using a validated antibiotic allergy assessment tool. Results Cases with a penicillin AL were more likely to receive antibiotics other than ceftriaxone (n = 7/41, 17.1%) than cases without the label (n = 8/687, 1.2%, P < 0.000). Most penicillin ALs had non-specific severity ratings in the medical records, but had insufficient information (n = 28/41, 68.3%) to apply the assessment tool. Those reported as low-severity in the records were more likely to receive ceftriaxone (n = 21/22, 95.5%) than those reported as moderate–high (n = 7/11, 63.6%) or unreported (n = 6/8, 0.75%). Conclusions Treatment of gonorrhoea in outpatient settings requires an understanding of penicillin allergy, and the ability to quickly and accurately identify penicillin-AL patients who can safely tolerate ceftriaxone. Institutionally endorsed penicillin allergy de-labelling protocols and access to easy-to-navigate prescribing advice within national sexually transmitted infection management guidelines would support this.
‘What we found is’
Authors: Berthe Florine , Fetzer Anita , Gaudy-Campbell Isabelle 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper examines two variants of the pseudo-cleft construction which display a WHAT-NP-VP-be pattern with the
VP realised with cognitive verbs and the proform do in the context of spoken British English dyadic and
multi-party BBC podcasts. It is based on the premise that the construction’s referencing potentials are both cataphoric and
projective, and that depending on its contexts, one of the two referencing functions is foregrounded while the other is
backgrounded. The analysis focuses on those linguistic features and contextual configurations which either contribute to its
cataphoric referencing function, or which go beyond the local cataphoric referencing function and indicate its projective,
discourse-organising function. The research is corpus-based and uses quantitative and qualitative methodologies, filtering out the
linguistic features and contextual configurations which contribute to assigning the two variants the status of a projective
construction with a discourse-organising function. The features under investigation are (1) the semantics of the constitutive NPs
and VPs marking for tense, aspect and modality and their uptake in the discourse, (2) degrees of continuity and discontinuity in
the cohesive chains triggered by the constitutive parts of the construction. The paper shows that when semantic continuity between
the what-clause and what follows is discontinued and thus deferred, the construction’s projective function is
foregrounded.
Anisotropic conformal change of conic pseudo-Finsler surfaces, I*
Authors: Youssef Nabil L , Elgendi S G , Kotb A A , Taha Ebtsam H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The present work is devoted to investigate anisotropic conformal transformation of conic pseudo-Finsler surfaces (M, F), that is,

F
(
x
,
y
)
⟼

F
―

(
x
,
y
)
=

e

ϕ
(
x
,
y
)

F
(
x
,
y
)

, where the function

ϕ
(
x
,
y
)

depends on both position x and direction y, contrary to the ordinary (isotropic) conformal transformation which depends on position only. If F is a pseudo-Finsler metric, the above transformation does not yield necessarily a pseudo-Finsler metric. Consequently, we find out necessary and sufficient condition for a (conic) pseudo-Finsler surface (M, F) to be transformed to a (conic) pseudo-Finsler surface

(
M
,

F
―

)

under the transformation

F
―

=

e

ϕ
(
x
,
y
)

F

. In general dimension, it is extremely difficult to find the anisotropic conformal change of the inverse metric tensor in a tensorial form. However, by using the modified Berwald frame on a Finsler surface, we obtain the change of the components of the inverse metric tensor in a tensorial form. This progress enables us to study the transformation of the Finslerian geometric objects and the geometric properties associated with the transformed Finsler function

F
―

. In contrast to isotropic conformal transformation, we have a non-homothetic conformal factor

ϕ
(
x
,
y
)

that preserves the geodesic spray. Also, we find out some invariant geometric objects under the anisotropic conformal change. Furthermore, we investigate a sufficient condition for

F
―

to be dually flat or/and projectively flat. Finally, we study some special cases of the conformal factor

ϕ
(
x
,
y
)

. Various examples are provided whenever the situation needs.
Stabilisation of the swing pattern of an anisotropic simple pendulum
Authors: McGlynn E , Saracut C , Cafolla A A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The suppression of the effects of anisotropy on a pendulum by use of a rotating mount was initially envisaged by Léon Foucault, based on his observations of the vibrations of a rod clamped in a lathe. However, the method seems to never have been tried due to the practical difficulties involved. We report a computational study of the stabilisation of the swing pattern of a simple pendulum, showing anisotropic behaviour in a static configuration, by rotation of the system mount. When the mount is static, for most initial conditions the swing patterns quickly evolves into unstable, complex Lissajous-like patterns. When the pendulum mount is rotated faster than the pendulum frequency effects of anisotropy are suppressed, and the swing pattern stabilises to that of an isotropic 3D simple pendulum. Suppression of mount anisotropy influence occurs for relatively low rotation rates. We also study swing evolution in the presence of random variations in the orientation of the mount principal axes. The use of computational techniques confirms Foucault’s original observations and hypothesis and provides an interesting avenue for students to engage meaningfully with this historically important and inspiring experiment in a novel and challenging manner.
Investigation of laser-assisted micromachining of NiTi SMA bimorph based actuators toward developing optical shutters
Authors: Gangwar Kaushal , Pandiyan Kailaash , Iyamperumal Anand Palani 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work explores laser-assisted micromachining for the precision cutting of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA)-based bimorph in a single-pass laser scan. SMA thin film based optical shutters were developed with this method, which can generate the opening and closing via Joule’s heating rather than mechanical components. NiTi SMA bimorph was fabricated using the e-beam evaporation technique followed by micromachining using a 1064 nm fiber laser. The influence of laser power (LP), laser speed (LS), spot diameter (SP), and laser travel direction on kerf width and heat-affected zone after micromachining was studied using the design of experiments. The optimized parameter for micromachining was at LP 5 W with 5 mm s−1 LS and 50 μm SP. Various shapes were cut at the optimized parameter, including an optical shutter of a diameter of 30 mm. A LS of 6 mm s−1 has produced microchannels in the bimorph due to NiTi film removal only. The SEM analysis of the shutter reveals the formation of refined grains at micromachined edges compared to the center of the actuator. Fabricated optical shutter shows negligible optical transmittance in the 450–700 nm wavelength range.
Low energy elastic and inelastic scattering of positrons from formic acid
Authors: Stevens D , Datar Aaditya , Cheong Z , Sullivan J P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed study of low energy positron scattering from formic acid, examining elastic scattering, electronic excitation and ionisation processes. Through detailed comparisons with previous experimental and theoretical data, it is clear that the picture for positron scattering from this target remains incomplete, with significant disagreement between experiment and theory in the comparisons of differential cross section data. Calculations of elastic electron scattering are unexpectedly in better agreement with the positron scattering experiments, and give some hints as to potential areas for improvement in the modelling of scattering for targets which tend to be dominated by dipole interactions.
Mn-based noncollinear antiferromagnets and altermagnets
Authors: Chen Shaohai , Lin Dennis J X , Lim B C , Ho Pin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Antiferromagnets and altermagnets, with robustness, scalability and topological properties, emerge as promising contenders for next-generation spintronics, quantum and terahertz communication applications. Recent strides in Mn-based noncollinear antiferromagnetic (AF) and altermagnetic (AL) material platforms showcase remarkable progress and fascinating discoveries, such as in spin–orbit and tunnelling phenomena, affirming the viability of AF and AL-centric spintronic devices. This review explores the latest advancements in noncollinear Mn3X (X= Pt, Ir, Sn, Ga, Ge) AF and MnY (Y = F2, O2, Si0.6, Te) AL materials, wherein the quintessential phenomena originate from their intricate crystal structures. For the former, the article delves into their growth techniques, physical properties, as well as advancements in the electrical manipulation of AF order and multimodal electrical, optical, and thermal detection. For the latter, the review encapsulates theoretical understanding and experimental demonstration of AL materials and device physics pertinent to promising applications. This serves to direct efforts towards the imminent realization of AF and AL active elements in replacement of conventional ferromagnetic materials in spintronic devices.
Chemical pressure induced spin reorientation in the magnetic structure of

Ca
3

Mn

2
−
x

Sn
x

O
7

(

x
=
0
,
0.03
,
0.05

)
Authors: Mohan Ashwin , S Vaidya Salil , Jain Anil , Yusuf S M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The effect of partially substituting Tin (Sn) at the Manganese (Mn) site of

Ca
3

Mn
2

O
7

, viz.

Ca
3

Mn

2
−
x

Sn
x

O
7

with

x
=
0.03
,
0.05

, on its structural and magnetic properties have been investigated using synchrotron diffraction, neutron diffraction, and bulk magnetization measurements. It is observed that with a substitution of

x
=
0.03

, the minor (≈8%) tetragonal (

I
4

/

m
m
m

) structural phase that is present in the predominantly orthorhombic (

C
m
c

2
1

) undoped

Ca
3

Mn
2

O
7

, completely disappears. The compounds order antiferromagnetically, the ordering temperature decreases with increasing Sn-content, indicating a weakening of the antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. Interestingly, in the ordered state, the spin magnetic moments which were aligned along the a-axis of the unit cell in the undoped compound, are observed to have reoriented with their major components lying in the b − c plane in the Sn-doped compounds. The above influence of Sn-doping is seen to be stemming from a significant modification of the octahedral rotation and tilt mode geometry in the unit cell, that is known to be responsible for driving ferroelectricity in these compounds.