bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Study of Global Circulation Model HADCM3 Using SDSM for Temperature and Rainfall in North-Eastern Bangladesh
Authors: Nury A. H. , Alam M. J. B. 
Published: January 2014

This paper describes application of a statistical downscaling model to study the performance of the global circulation model HADCM3 (Hadley centre coupled model, version 3) for the Sylhet and Moulvibazar districts (North-eastern region) of Bangladesh. Predictors of HADCM3 have been downscaled by statistical downscaling model (SDSM). Daily observed temperature and rainfall data from 1981 to 2006 was used to conduct the calibration and 2007 to 2011 was used for validation using SDSM. Percent of bias (PBIAS), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and modified index of agreement are also used for the assessment of downscaled temperature and rainfall data. PBIAS of downscaled temperature is the least (-0.30%), NSE (0.80) and modified index of agreement (0.83) is the highest for daily maximum temperature at Sylhet station. Among five rainfall stations, PBIAS of downscaled rainfall is the least (1.31%), NSE (0.76) and modified index of agreement (0.79) is the highest at Kanairghat station. The downscaled temperature and rainfall data approximately agree with the observed data. Keywords: Temperature; Rainfall; SDSM; Downscaling; Validation; PBIAS; NSE. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16511 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 87-96 (2014)
Structural and Optical Studies of Potential Ferroelectric Crystal: KDP Doped TGS
Authors: Deepti P. R. , Shanti J. 
Published: January 2014

Triglycine sulphate (TGS), an important ferroelectric material has been widely used in the fabrication of high sensitivity infrared detectors at room temperature. Single crystals of KDP doped TGS was grown by slow evaporation method at room temperature in this study. The grown crystal was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction studies, and ferroelectric studies. KDP doped TGS crystals were found to be highly transparent and full faced. The experimental results evidence the suitability of the grown crystal for optoelectronic applications. Keywords: Crystal growth; KDP-doped TGS; Ferroelectric studies © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16584 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 1-9 (2014)
New MAX Phase Superconductor Ti<sub>2</sub>GeC: A First-principles Study
Authors: Hadi M. A. , Roknuzzaman M. , Parvin F. , Naqib S. H. , Islam A. K. M. A. , Aftabuzzaman M. 
Published: January 2014

This is the first DFT-based first-principles prediction of the detailed optical and thermodynamic properties, including Vickers hardness and Fermi surface of 211 MAX phase Ti2GeC for which superconductivity (Tc~ 9.5 K) was reported very recently. The calculated structural properties are in excellent agreement with experiments. Our results on elastic parameters indicate a slight elastic anisotropy and brittleness of the compound. The chemical bonding is seen to be a combination of covalent, ionic and metallic nature. The rather stronger covalent bonding is responsible for its high Vickers hardness of 11.6 GPa. The investigated Fermi surface is formed mainly by the low-dispersive bands, which should be responsible for the presence of superconductivity in Ti2GeC. All the optical properties are evaluated and analyzed for two different polarization directions of incident photon. The temperature and pressure dependence of primitive cell volume, thermal expansion coefficient, specific heats, bulk modulus, and Debye temperature of Ti2GeC are derived from the quasi-harmonic Debye model with phononic effect and the various implications are discussed in details. Keywords: First-principles calculation; Vickers hardness; Optical properties; Thermodynamic properties. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16604 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 11-27 (2014)
A New combination in <i>Baccaroides</i> Moench (Asteraceae) from India
Authors: Kumar E. S. S. 
Published: January 2014

A new combination in Baccaroides viz. B. rangacharii (Gamble) Punekar and Vasudeva Rao var. agastyamalayanum (Geetha Kumary, Santhosh Kumar et Pandurangan) Santhosh Kumar is proposed. Keywords: New combination; Asteraceae; India © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16632 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 191-192 (2014)
Evaluation of Antiradical Activity Grape Seeds and Olive (<i>Olea europaea</i>) Pits Extracts
Authors: Tajalli F. 
Published: January 2014

The antiradical activity of grape seeds and olive pits extracts were investigated. The aim of this study is evaluating the radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts of olive pits and grape seeds and to recover a functional and antiradical compound from olive oil and fruit juices factories waste and also for environmental treatment. The antiradical properties of ripe and unripe olive pits (RIOP and URIOP) and grape seeds (IGS) that are respectively used in Iranian oil industries and fruit juices producers are examined. All seeds and pits extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging activity ranging from 24.51 to 97.06. For this purpose a methanolic extract was prepared from each of the RIOP, URIOP and IGS and their radical scavenging ability is determined with DPPH method. For this trial the effect of 3 different dilutions (100, 200 and 300 ?g/L) of RIOP, URIOP, IGS extracts was used, separately. It was appeared that in above 100 ppm concentrations the antiradical properties reaches to its maximum activity. Also, IGS extract shows better effects in 100 ppm concentrations in comparison with RIOP, URIOP and ascorbic acid. The study shows that grape seeds can be used as a rich source of functional and antiradical compound and anticancer drugs production. Keywords: Iranian olive pits; DPPH; Antiradical activity; Radical scavenging; Grape seeds. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16654 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 185-190 (2014)
L'érosion d'un pouvoir de représentation
Authors: Bruneau Ivan 
Published: January 2014

En guise d’introduction au dossier, cet article propose une analyse des transformations de l’espace des représentations agricoles en France au cours des dernières décennies. Alors qu’au début des années 1980 le « monde agricole » apparaissait comme un lieu d’observation privilégié pour l’étude des mécanismes contribuant à l’unification symbolique des groupes sociaux et professionnels, les enquêtes sur lesquelles reposent les analyses réunies dans ce numéro s’inscrivent dans un contexte sensiblement différent. En effet, le pouvoir de représentation construit par la FNSEA et le CNJA au cours des années 1960 et 1970, et légitimé par les responsables politiques et les institutions d’encadrement de l’agriculture, a ensuite été fragilisé par un ensemble de processus concordants. Rendre compte de cette histoire implique de mettre en relation différentes évolutions, qui concernent aussi bien les définitions de la représentativité par le pouvoir politique, que les recompositions du champ des organisations agricoles, ou les couvertures médiatiques des actions collectives.
« E pur si muove ! », ou comment saisir empiriquement les processus de citoyenneté
Authors: Neveu Catherine 
Published: January 2014

Cet article vise à discuter les conditions de possibilité d’approches empiriquement fondées des processus de citoyenneté, en s’appuyant sur la déjà très riche littérature internationale sur ce sujet en sciences sociales du politique. Celle-ci repose notamment sur une conception de la citoyenneté qui souligne son caractère essentiellement fluide et contextuel, et ne la réduit pas aux dimensions électorales. Saisir ces citoyennetés en actes implique alors d’effectuer un « pas de côté » logique et d’inclure dans l’analyse toute la complexité des entremêlements du politique et du social.
Association of Sleep and Fatigue With Decision Regret Among Critical Care Nurses
Authors: Scott Linda D. , Arslanian-Engoren Cynthia , Engoren Milo C. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe effects of inadequate sleep on clinical decisions may be important for patients in critical care units, who are often more vulnerable than patients in other units. Fatigued nurses are more likely than well-rested nurses to make faulty decisions that lead to decision regret, a negative cognitive emotion that occurs when the actual outcome differs from the desired or expected outcome.ObjectivesTo examine the association between selected sleep variables, impairment due to fatigue, and clinical-decision self-efficacy and regret among critical care nurses. Decision regret was the primary outcome variable.MethodsA nonexperimental, descriptive design and extant measures were used to obtain data from a random sample of full-time nurses. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the association between sleep variables, fatigue, and clinical-decision self-efficacy and regret. The discrimination of the models was compared with the C statistic, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsA total of 605 nurses returned the questionnaires (17% response rate). Among these, decision regret was reported by 157 of 546 (29%). Nurses with decision regret reported more fatigue, more daytime sleepiness, less intershift recovery, and worse sleep quality than did nurses without decision regret. Being male, working a 12-hour shift, and clinical-decision satisfaction were significantly associated with decision regret (C statistic, 0.719; SE, 0.024).ConclusionNurses who experience impairments due to fatigue, loss of sleep, and inability to recover between shifts are more likely than unimpaired nurses to report decision regret.
Decreasing Inappropriate Unable-to-Assess Ratings for the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Swan Joshua T. 
Published: January 2014

Background
The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) is a validated tool for diagnosing delirium in the ICU and yields 1 of 3 ratings: positive, negative, and unable to assess (UTA). It was hypothesized that an educational campaign focused on establishing patients’ arousal as comatose versus noncomatose before initiating the CAM-ICU would decrease the incidence of inappropriate UTA ratings.

Objectives
To compare the incidence of inappropriate UTA ratings before and after an educational campaign.

Methods
An interventional, quasi-experimental study was conducted in a surgical ICU at a tertiary academic medical center. A nursing educational campaign was conducted from March 1 to March 7, 2012. Patients admitted to the surgical ICU from December 25, 2011 through January 25, 2012 were included in the baseline cohort, and patients admitted from March 9 through April 9, 2012 were included in the posteducation cohort. Inclusion criteria were admission to the surgical ICU for at least 24 hours and at least 1 CAM-ICU assessment.

Results
The baseline cohort included 93 patients and the posteducation cohort included 96 patients. Patients were 41% less likely to receive an inappropriate UTA rating after the educational campaign (32% [30 of 93] baseline vs 19% [18 of 96], P = .03). Patients with concurrent mechanical ventilation were more likely to receive an inappropriate UTA rating in the baseline cohort (odds ratio, 30.7; 95% CI, 8.9–105.9; P &lt; .001) and the posteducation cohort (odds ratio, 15.5; 95% CI, 4.1–59.5; P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
The educational campaign decreased the incidence of inappropriate UTA ratings.
Interleukin 6 and Apolipoprotein E as Predictors of Acute Brain Dysfunction and Survival in Critical Care Patients
Authors: Alexander Sheila A. , Ren Dianxu , Gunn Scott R. , Kochanek Patrick M. , Tate Judith , Ikonomovic Milos , Conley Yvette P. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundDelirium occurs in up to 80% of intensive care patients and is associated with poor outcomes. The biological cause of delirium remains elusive.ObjectivesTo determine if delirium and recovery are associated with serum levels of interleukins and apolipoprotein E over time and with apolipoprotein E genotype.MethodsThe sample consisted of 77 patients with no previous cognitive deficits who required mechanical ventilation for 24 to 96 hours. Daily serum samples were obtained for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurements of interleukins 6, 8, and 10 and apolipoprotein E. DNA extracted from blood was analyzed for apolipoprotein E genotyping. The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit was administered daily on days 2 through 9.ResultsAmong the 77 patients, 23% had no delirium, 46% experienced delirium, and 31% experienced coma. Additionally, 77% had delirium or coma (acute brain dysfunction), and compared with other patients, had fewer ventilator-free days (P = .03), longer stay (P = .04), higher care needs at discharge (P = .001), higher mortality (P = .02), and higher levels of interleukin 6 (P = .03), and the APOE*3/*3 apolipoprotein E genotype (P = .05). Serum levels of apolipoprotein E correlated with levels of interleukins 8 and 10. Patients with the E4 allele of apolipoprotein E had shorter duration of delirium (P = .02) and lower mortality (P = .03) than did patients without this allele.ConclusionsApolipoprotein E plays a complex role in illness response and recovery in critically ill patients. The relationship between apolipoprotein E genotype and brain dysfunction and survival is unclear.
Effect of Lavender Aromatherapy on Vital Signs and Perceived Quality of Sleep in the Intermediate Care Unit: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lytle Jamie , Mwatha Catherine , Davis Karen K. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundSleep deprivation in hospitalized patients is common and can have serious detrimental effects on recovery from illness. Lavender aromatherapy has improved sleep in a variety of clinical settings, but the effect has not been tested in the intermediate care unit.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of inhalation of 100% lavender oil on patients’ vital signs and perceived quality of sleep in an intermediate care unit.MethodsA randomized controlled pilot study was conducted in 50 patients. Control patients received usual care. The treatment group had 3 mL of 100% pure lavender oil in a glass jar in place at the bedside from 10 pm until 6 am. Vital signs were recorded at intervals throughout the night. At 6 am all patients completed the Richard Campbell Sleep Questionnaire to assess quality of sleep.ResultsBlood pressure was significantly lower between midnight and 4 am in the treatment group than in the control group (P = .03) According to the overall mean change score in blood pressure between the baseline and 6 am measurements, the treatment group had a decrease in blood pressure and the control group had an increase; however, the difference between the 2 groups was not significant (P = .12). Mean overall sleep score was higher in the intervention group (48.25) than in the control group (40.10), but the difference was not significant.ConclusionLavender aromatherapy may be an effective way to improve sleep in an intermediate care unit.
Effect of Tube Voltage (100 vs. 120 kVp) on Radiation Dose and Image Quality using Prospective Gating 320 Row Multi-detector Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Khan Atif N. , Khosa Faisal , Shuaib Waqas , Nasir Khurram , Blankstein Ron , Clouse Melvin 
Published: January 2014

Objectives:
The objective of the following study is to evaluate the effect of reducing tube voltage from 120 to 100 kVp using prospective gating 320 row multi-detector computed tomography angiography on image quality and reduction in radiation dose.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 78 sequential patients were scanned with prospective electrocardiogram gating. A total of 45 patients (Group 1) with mean body mass index (BMI) 29 ± 2 and heart rate (HR) 57 ± 7 beats per minute (BPM) were scanned at 120 kVp. 33 patients (Group 2) with mean BMI 23 ± 3 and HR 58 ± 6 bpm were scanned at 100 kVp. Effective dose was calculated using dose length product and factor (k = 0.014). Quantitative assessment of image quality was calculated by measuring signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) in the left ventricle and left main coronary artery. Two experienced cardiac radiologists using a three-point ordinal scale assessed subjectively image quality.

Results:
In Group 1, the median radiation dose was 5.31 mSv (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.86-6.09) and for Group 2 (P = 0.009) the mean radiation dose was 3.71 mSv (95% CI: 2.76-4.87), representing 30% decrease in radiation dose. In multivariate analyses, adjusting for age, gender, HR, BMI, tube current and scan length, an absolute median reduction of 2.21 mSv (1.13-3.29 mSv) was noted in patients scanned with 100 kVp (P < 0.0001). The quantitative image quality (SNR and CNR) was not statistically significant between the groups. Subjective image quality was rated as good or excellent in 99% of coronary segments for both groups (P value was considered as non-significant).

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that radiation dose may be lowered from 120 to 100 kVp with preservation of image quality in patient's whose BMI is ≤27.
Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Bone Tumors: Preliminary Results
Authors: Pekcevik Yeliz , Kahya Mehmet Onur , Kaya Ahmet 
Published: January 2014

Objective:
The study aims to determine whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can help differentiate benign and malignant bone tumors.

Materials and Methods:
From January 2012 to February 2013, we prospectively included 26 patients. Of these 15 patients were male and 11 were female; ranging in age from 8 to 76 years (mean age, 34.5 years). Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was obtained with a single-shot echo-planar imaging sequence using a 1.5T MR scanner. We grouped malignant lesions as primary, secondary, and primary tumor with chondroid matrix. The minimum ADC was measured in the tumors and mean minimum ADC values were selected for statistical analysis. ADC values were compared between malignant and benign tumors using the Mann-Whitney U-test and receiver operating curve analysis were done to determine optimal cut-off values.

Results:
The mean ADC values from the area with lowest ADC values of benign and malignant tumors were 1.99 ± 0.57 × 10−3 mm2/s and 1.02 ± 1.0 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. The mean minimum ADC values of benign and malignant tumors were statistically different (P = 0.029). With cut-off value of 1.37 (10−3 mm2/s), sensitivity was 77.8% and specificity was 82.4%, for distinguishing benign and malignant lesion. Benign and secondary malignant tumors showed statistically significant difference (P = 0.002). There was some overlap in ADC values between benign and malignant tumors. The mean minimum ADC values of benign and malignant chondroid tumors were high. Giant cell tumor, non-ossifying fibroma and fibrous dysplasia showed lower ADC values.

Conclusion:
Although there is some overlap, ADC values of benign and malignant bone tumors seem to be different. Further studies with larger patient groups are needed to find an optimal cut-off ADC value.
Spectrum of High Resolution Computed Tomography Findings in Occupational Lung Disease: Experience in a Tertiary Care Institute
Authors: Bhawna Satija , Ojha U. C. , Kumar Sanyal , Gupta Rajiv , Gothi Dipti , Pal R. S. 
Published: January 2014

Objective:
To study the spectrum of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in occupational lung disease in industrial workers and to assess the utility of International classification of HRCT for occupational and environmental respiratory diseases (ICHOERD).

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective analysis of radiological data (radiographs and computed tomography chest scans) gathered over a period of 3 years (January 2010- December 2012) of industrial workers in an organised sector who presented with respiratory complaints. The HRCT findings were evaluated using ICHOERD.

Results:
There were 5 females and 114 males in the study, with a mean age of 49 years. These workers were exposed to different harmful agents including silica, asbestos, cotton dust, metal dust, iron oxide, organic dust, rubber fumes, plastic fumes, acid fumes, and oil fumes. There were 10 smokers in the study. The radiograph of chest was normal in 53 patients. 46% of these normal patients (21.8% of total) demonstrated positive findings on HRCT. When the radiograph was abnormal, HRCT provided more accurate information and excluded the other diagnosis. The HRCT findings were appropriately described using the ICHOERD. Bronchiectasis was the most common finding (44.5%) with mild central cylindrical bronchiectasis as the most common pattern. Pleural thickening was seen in 41 patients (34.5%). Enlarged hilar or mediastinal lymphnodes were seen in 10 patients (8.4%) with egg-shell calcification in 1 patient exposed to silica. Bronchogenic carcinoma was seen in 1 patient exposed to asbestos.

Conclusions:
Occupational lung disease is a common work related condition in industrial workers even in the organized sector. Though chest radiograph is the primary diagnostic tool, HRCT is the undisputed Gold Standard for evaluation of these patients. Despite the disadvantage of radiation exposure, low dose CT may serve as an important tool for screening and surveillance. The ICHOERD is a powerful and reliable tool not only for diagnosis, but also for quantitative and analytical measurement of disease, thereby contributing to assessing the medical epidemiology of lung disease. It should always be used while evaluating HRCT of a patient with occupational lung disease.
Preliminary Clinical Experience with Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in the Visualization of Breast Microcalcifications
Authors: Destounis Stamatia V. , Arieno Andrea L. , Morgan Renee C. 
Published: January 2014

Objectives:
To compare the visualization and image quality of microcalcifications imaged with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) versus conventional digital mammography.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with microcalcifications detected on full field digital mammography (FFDM) recommended for needle core biopsy were enrolled in the study after obtaining patient's consent and institutional review board approval (n = 177 patients, 179 lesions). All had a bilateral combination DBT exam, after undergoing routine digital mammography, prior to biopsy. The study radiologist reviewed the FFDM and DBT images in a non-blinded comparison and assessed the visibility of the microcalcifications with both methods, including image quality and clarity with which the calcifications were seen. Data recorded included patient demographics, lesion size on FFDM, DBT, and surgical excision (when applicable), biopsy, and surgical pathology, if any.

Results:
Average lesion size on DBT was 1.5 cm; average lesion size on FFDM was 1.4 cm. The image quality of DBT was assessed as equivalent or superior in 92.2% of cases. In 7.8% of the cases, the FFDM image quality was assessed as equivalent or superior.

Conclusion:
In our review, DBT image quality appears to be comparable to or better than conventional FFDM in terms of demonstrating microcalcifications, as shown in 92.2% of cases.