bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary Concentration of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in a Group of Patients with Peri‐Implantitis: A Transversal Study
Authors: Sánchez‐Siles Mariano , Lucas‐Azorin Javier , Salazar‐Sánchez Noemi , Carbonell‐Meseguer Luis , Camacho‐Alonso Fabio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to know if peri‐implantitis causes an increase in the total salivary concentration of oxidative stress markers.Materials and MethodsSeventy patients, 28 men and 42 women, 60 of them with dental implants, 30 of which had peri‐implantitis and 30 were healthy. The remaining 10 were the control group: healthy subjects without implants. The average number of implants per patient was 4.70 ± 2.29 in the peri‐implantitis group and 2 70 ± 2.11 in the control group. Periodontal/peri‐implant variables were assessed, including bleeding index, gingival index, clinical attachment level, probing depth, presence of pockets larger than 4 and 6 mm, pain to percussion, suppuration, gingival hyperplasia or granuloma, crestal bone loss (both mesially and distally), evaluated through periapical radiography. Saliva samples from the 70 subjects were collected for measurement of malondialdehyde high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and myeloperoxidase (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay analysis) concentrations.ResultsImplants affected with peri‐implantitis had an average follow‐up of 26.40 ± 7.97 months. 4.12% of implants with peri‐implantitis had a painful response to percussion. 2.06% showed suppuration; 25.77% had granuloma. The mean crestal bone loss in implants wtih peri‐implantitis was 3.78 ± 1.17 mm. Total salivary malondialdehyde concentration in the peri‐implantitis group (0.52 ± 0.37 μM/l) was slightly higher than that in the group with healthy implants (0.40 ± 0.16 μM/l) and also slightly higher than that in the group of healthy patients without implants (0.41 ± 0.79 μM/l), although the difference was not statistically significant, p value = .442. Myeloperoxidase concentration was slightly higher in the peri‐implantitis group (12.32 ± 2.17 ng/ml) than in the group with healthy implants (11.54 ± 2.80 ng/ml) and the group of healthy patients without implants (11.86 ± 2.67 ng/ml), without statistically significant differences, p value = .584.ConclusionsThe salivary concentration of oxidative stress markers in patients with peri‐implantitis and without periodontitis is not higher than that found in healthy patients.
A Computational Model of Linguistic Humor in Puns
Authors: Kao Justine T. , Levy Roger , Goodman Noah D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHumor plays an essential role in human interactions. Precisely what makes something funny, however, remains elusive. While research on natural language understanding has made significant advancements in recent years, there has been little direct integration of humor research with computational models of language understanding. In this paper, we propose two information‐theoretic measures—ambiguity and distinctiveness—derived from a simple model of sentence processing. We test these measures on a set of puns and regular sentences and show that they correlate significantly with human judgments of funniness. Moreover, within a set of puns, the distinctiveness measure distinguishes exceptionally funny puns from mediocre ones. Our work is the first, to our knowledge, to integrate a computational model of general language understanding and humor theory to quantitatively predict humor at a fine‐grained level. We present it as an example of a framework for applying models of language processing to understand higher level linguistic and cognitive phenomena.
Autonomic cardiovascular regulation and cortical tone
Authors: Duschek Stefan , Wörsching Jana , Reyes del Paso Gustavo A. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate interactions between tonic cortical arousal and features of autonomic cardiovascular regulation. In 50 healthy subjects, the power spectrum of the spontaneous EEG was obtained at resting state. Concurrently, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and R‐wave to pulse interval (RPI) were recorded as indices of cardiovascular control. At the bivariate level, only a negative correlation between beta power recorded at frontal electrode positions and RPI was found. However, when common variance of BRS and RSA was controlled for in multiple regression analyses, a positive association between alpha power and RSA, and an inverse relationship with BRS, also arose. The findings concerning RPI and RSA are suggestive of a relationship between higher levels of cortical tone and increased sympathetic and reduced vagal cardiac influences. The inverse association between BRS and alpha activity may reflect bottom‐up modulation of cortical arousal by baroreceptor afferents.
FGF13 regulates proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle by down‐regulating Spry1
Authors: Lu Hongzhao , Shi Xine , Wu Guofang , Zhu Jiayu , Song Chengchuang , Zhang Qiangling , Yang Gongshe 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivesGenerally, the secretory forms of FGF are known to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis by binding to the extracellular domain of cell surface receptors. Intracellular FGFs (FGF11‐14) are expressed principally in the nervous system. FGF13 is a microtubule‐stabilizing protein that regulates neuronal polarization and migration. Previous studies have reported high expression of FGF13 in cultures of single muscle fibres. However, functions of FGF13 in muscle development have not been explored.Materials and methodsReal‐time RT‐PCR was performed to detect expression of FGF13 during C2C12 muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. To further understand the role of FGF13, its effects on proliferation and differentiation were examined by western blot analyses of cells transfected with FGF13 siRNA or FGF13 expression plasmids, or treated with chemical MEK inhibitors. Effects of FGF13 on related signalling pathways in C2C12 cell proliferation and differentiation were determined.ResultsFGF13 inhibited C2C12 cell proliferation by up‐regulating p27 mRNA level and by down‐regulating Cyclin E protein expression, during cell proliferation. Additionally, FGF13 down‐regulated Spry1 protein expression, activating the ERK1/2 pathway by phosphorylation and leading to C2C12 cell differentiation inhibition. Consequently, FGF13 seemed to function as a repressor of myoblast differentiation via the ERK1/2 pathway. Although FGF13 inhibited Spry1 regardless of cell proliferation or differentiation, its pathway activation occurred only during the stage of myoblast differentiation.ConclusionsFGF13 inhibited C2C12 cell proliferation and differentiation by down‐regulating Spry1. These findings indicate that FGF13 played a negative regulatory role in skeletal muscle development.
“Death on Display:” Reflections on Taxidermy and Children's Understanding of Life and Death
Authors: Sanders Dawn , Hohenstein Jill 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTaxidermic collections have become perceived as extraneous in modern museums, and as such have become vulnerable to disassembly during periods of economic austerity and/or shifts in curatorial perceptions. In this paper we argue that rich educational opportunities could be lost through such actions. We highlight the ways that taxidermy provides a useful context for learning about, and understanding, the relationships between life and death in the animal kingdom. We draw attention to research on the ways taxidermic display is currently used, the ways children learn through family conversation, and the types of understandings children are known to have about life and death. We believe these collections represent potential research spaces for understanding the impact of parental communication on children's understandings of life and death. Our preliminary research plans, and conversations with curatorial partners, suggest that recording and analyzing family conversations at these sites has much to offer. Furthermore, we propose such studies might facilitate new interdisciplinary relationships between museum curators and researchers, thus contributing to wider debate on the place of natural history collections in society.
Artifacts, Identity and Youth: A Cultural Intervention with Pacific Islander Young People Who Offend in Western Sydney, Australia
Authors: Blake Meredith , Liddell Marg , Singh Supriya 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article provides information on the evaluation of a project between the Australian Museum and the Juvenile Justice department in New South Wales, Australia, where young people who offend of Pacific Islander heritage were introduced to an extensive range of Pacific Islander cultural materials. The key assumption of the project was that young Pacific Islander people who offend struggled with cultural identity issues, and that a meaningful connection with their heritage would improve cultural knowledge and pride—thereby reducing their involvement in crime. However, this assumption was not borne out by the study's results.Firstly, the twenty‐two Pacific Islander young offender study participants were already proud of their heritage, and comfortable in their cultural identities. Secondly, though they enjoyed their visit to the museum, most did not want to visit again, so there was no sustained engagement. Thirdly, the Museum program was not designed as part of a holistic approach with multiple strategies which addressed the complex reasons for youth offending. Despite eight out of the twenty‐two participants reoffending after the Museum visit, there was enough potential for the rehabilitative intervention that the Museum was granted funding to take its program to the community and make it more user‐centered. This, it is hoped, will set it on a path towards more sustained engagement, and the potential for a greater influence on Pacific Islander youth.
Fakes on Display: Special Exhibitions of Counterfeit Art
Authors: Casement William 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSince the mid‐twentieth century, special exhibitions of art forgeries have appeared in many museums in the United States and Europe. These exhibitions have displayed artworks of many kinds, and have been structured around a variety of objectives and methodologies to engage the public. Fundamentally, they inform that public about an uncomfortable reality: that artistic deception is more common than they may think. The collective phenomenon of these forums displaying faux art has reached a point at which it is a topic worthy of study. This article draws upon representative examples of exhibitions of fake art to present an overview of their “what,” “why,” and “how” in light of commonalities and differences among them. It furthermore traces a loose historical pattern in these exhibitions that shows change over time as well as continuity.
White globe appearance is a novel specific endoscopic marker for gastric cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Yoshida Naohiro , Doyama Hisashi , Nakanishi Hiroyoshi , Tsuji Kunihiro , Tominaga Kei , Matsunaga Kazuhiro , Tsuji Shigetsugu , Takemura Kenichi , Yamada Shinya , Tsuyama Sho , Katayanagi Kazuyoshi , Kurumaya Hiroshi 
Published: July 2015

Background and AimWhite globe appearance (WGA) is a small white lesion with a globular shape that can be identified by magnifying endoscopy with narrow‐band imaging (M‐NBI). WGA was recently reported as a novel endoscopic marker that can differentiate between gastric cancer (GC) and low‐grade adenoma. However, the usefulness of WGA for differentiating GC from non‐cancerous lesions (NC), including those of gastritis, is unknown.MethodsTo compare the prevalence of WGA in GC and NC, we carried out a prospective study of 994 patients undergoing gastroscopy. All patients were examined for target lesions that were suspected to be GC. When a target lesion was detected, the presence or absence of WGA in the lesion was evaluated using M‐NBI, and all target lesions were biopsied or resected for histopathological diagnosis. Primary endpoint was a comparison of WGA prevalence in GC and NC. Secondary endpoints included WGA diagnostic performance for diagnosing GC.ResultsA total of 188 target lesions from 156 patients were analyzed for WGA, and histopathological diagnoses included 70 cases of GC and 118 cases of NC. WGA prevalence in GC and NC was 21.4% (15/70) and 2.5% (3/118), respectively (P < 0.001). WGA diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for detecting GC were 69.1%, 21.4%, and 97.5%, respectively.ConclusionsWGA prevalence in GC is significantly higher than that in NC. Because WGA is highly specific for GC, the presence of WGA is useful to diagnose GC.
Probing the nature of deficits in the ‘Approximate Number System’ in children with persistent Developmental Dyscalculia
Authors: Bugden Stephanie , Ansari Daniel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the present study we examined whether children with Developmental Dyscalculia (DD) exhibit a deficit in the so‐called ‘Approximate Number System’ (ANS). To do so, we examined a group of elementary school children who demonstrated persistent low math achievement over 4 years and compared them to typically developing (TD), aged‐matched controls. The integrity of the ANS was measured using the Panamath (www.panamath.org) non‐symbolic numerical discrimination test. Children with DD demonstrated imprecise ANS acuity indexed by larger Weber fraction (w) compared to TD controls. Given recent findings showing that non‐symbolic numerical discrimination is affected by visual parameters, we went further and investigated whether children performed differently on trials on which number of dots and their overall area were either congruent or incongruent with each other. This analysis revealed that differences in w were only found between DD and TD children on the incongruent trials. In addition, visuo‐spatial working memory strongly predicts individual differences in ANS acuity (w) during the incongruent trials. Thus the purported ANS deficit in DD can be explained by a difficulty in extracting number from an array of dots when area is anti‐correlated with number. These data highlight the role of visuo‐spatial working memory during the extraction process, and demonstrate that close attention needs to be paid to perceptual processes invoked by tasks thought to represent measures of the ANS.
Individual differences in neural mechanisms of selective auditory attention in preschoolers from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds: an event‐related potentials study
Authors: Isbell Elif , Wray Amanda Hampton , Neville Helen J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSelective attention, the ability to enhance the processing of particular input while suppressing the information from other concurrent sources, has been postulated to be a foundational skill for learning and academic achievement. The neural mechanisms of this foundational ability are both vulnerable and enhanceable in children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) families. In the current study, we assessed individual differences in neural mechanisms of this malleable brain function in children from lower SES families. Specifically, we investigated the extent to which individual differences in neural mechanisms of selective auditory attention accounted for variability in nonverbal cognitive abilities in lower SES preschoolers. We recorded event‐related potentials (ERPs) during a dichotic listening task and administered nonverbal IQ tasks to 124 lower SES children (77 females) between the ages of 40 and 67 months. The attention effect, i.e., the difference in ERP mean amplitudes elicited by identical probes embedded in stories when attended versus unattended, was significantly correlated with nonverbal IQ scores. Larger, more positive attention effects over the anterior and central electrode locations were associated with superior nonverbal IQ performance. Our findings provide initial evidence for prominent individual differences in neural indices of selective attention in lower SES children. Furthermore, our results indicate a noteworthy relationship between neural mechanisms of selective attention and nonverbal IQ performance in lower SES preschoolers. These findings provide the basis for future research to identify the factors that contribute to such individual differences in neural mechanisms of selective attention.
Reliability of assessing lifestyle and trigger factors in patients with migraine – findings from the PAMINA study
Authors: Zebenholzer K. , Frantal S. , Pablik E. , Lieba‐Samal D. , Salhofer‐Polanyi S. , Wöber‐Bingöl Ç. , Wöber C. 
Published: July 2015

Background and purposeNumerous lifestyle factors are blamed for triggering migraine attacks. The reliability of assessing these factors retrospectively is unknown. Therefore, retrospective and prospective assessments of lifestyle in general and of migraine triggers in particular were compared in patients with migraine.MethodsAt baseline, the patients filled in two questionnaires covering the previous 90 days. Thereafter they kept a prospective 90‐day diary. Questionnaires and diary included the same set of 45 factors. In the first questionnaire the patients assessed their lifestyle, in the second they rated for each factor the likelihood of triggering a migraine attack, and in the diary they recorded the daily presence of these factors irrespective of headache. Five categories were used for comparing frequencies in questionnaire and diary, defining agreement as identical categories in diary and questionnaire, minor disagreement and major disagreement as overestimation or underestimation by one category and two or more categories, respectively.ResultsIn all, 327 patients (283 women, age 41.9 ± 12.1 years) who recorded 28 325 patient days were included. Calculating for each factor the percentage of patients with major disagreement the mean proportion was larger for trigger factors than for lifestyle (38.7% ± 6.6% vs. 16.9% ± 6.4%, P < 0.001). The proportion of factors showing major disagreement in more than 20% of the patients was 8.8% for lifestyle but 94.1% for trigger factors (P < 0.001).ConclusionComparing questionnaire and diary assessments of lifestyle and trigger factors in patients with migraine shows that questionnaire assessment of lifestyle is reliable, whereas trigger factors are overestimated and/or underestimated in retrospective questionnaires.
Acetazolamide for electrical status epilepticus in slow‐wave sleep
Authors: Fine Anthony L. , Wirrell Elaine C. , Wong‐Kisiel Lily C. , Nickels Katherine C. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryElectrical status epilepticus in slow‐wave sleep (ESES) is characterized by nearly continuous spike–wave discharges during non–rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. ESES is present in Landau‐Kleffner syndrome (LKS) and continuous spike and wave in slow‐wave sleep (CSWS). Sulthiame has demonstrated reduction in spike–wave index (SWI) in ESES, but is not available in the United States. Acetazolamide (AZM) is readily available and has similar pharmacologic properties. Our aims were to assess the effect of AZM on SWI and clinical response in children with LKS and CSWS. Children with LKS or CSWS treated with AZM at our institution were identified retrospectively. Pre‐ and posttherapy electroencephalography (EEG) studies were evaluated for SWI. Parental and teacher report of clinical improvement was recorded. Six children met criteria for inclusion. Three children (50%) demonstrated complete resolution or SWI <5% after AZM. All children had improvement in clinical seizures and subjective improvement in communication skills and school performance. Five of six children had subjective improvement in hyperactivity and attention. AZM is a potentially effective therapy for children with LKS and CSWS. This study lends to the knowledge of potential therapies that can be used for these disorders, which can be challenging for families and providers.
In Search of Concepts: The Eﬀects of Speculative Demand on Stock Returns
Authors: Gwilym Owain Ap , Hasan Iftekhar , Wang Qingwei , Xie Ru 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUsing a novel proxy of investors' speculative demand constructed from online search interest in investment concepts, we examine how speculative demand aﬀects the returns of Chinese stocks. We find that speculative demand increases following high market returns and predicts subsequent return reversals. Moreover, the speculative demand explains more variation in subsequent returns of A shares (more populated by retail investors) than B shares (less populated by retail investors). Our findings support the recently developed attention theory.
Fatigue limit of induction hardened railway axles
Authors: Fajkoš R. , Zima R. , Strnadel B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA new surface induction hardening technology was designed for the purpose of increasing the resistance of railway wheelsets to fatigue damage. This paper gives a detailed presentation of the technological aspects of induction hardening of axles. The increased fatigue resistance in hardened surfaces compared with standard heat treatment of EA4T steel was verified using tensile test specimens, press‐fitted wheel seat/axle joints at 1:3 scale and press‐fitted wheel/axle joints at actual size. The 70% increase in the fatigue limit of induction hardened EA4T steel specimens compared with material subjected to standard heat treatment clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of this technology.
Value of routine ultrasound in detecting early joint changes in children with haemophilia using the ‘Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with UltraSound’ protocol
Authors: Foppen W. , van der Schaaf I. C. , Fischer K. 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionPatients with haemophilia tend to bleed in large joints even during prophylactic replacement therapy. Detection of early blood‐induced joint changes may improve monitoring of treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the value of routine ultrasound in detecting early joint abnormalities in children with haemophilia on prophylaxis.MethodsSixty‐four joints in 32 children with haemophilia were examined by one operator using the Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with UltraSound protocol during annual multidisciplinary follow‐up. Based on reported bleeding, the joint with the highest risk of blood‐induced joint damage and the contralateral joint were examined. At the same day, clinical function was assessed according to the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS).ResultsMedian age was 11.5 years (range = 5.5–16.4). Out of the 64 examined joints, one ankle was excluded because of previous surgery. Median lifetime joint bleeds/joint was three (interquartile ranges = 1–5). Clinical function of most joints was perfect: only 7/49 joints with reported bleeds scored positive due to swelling, muscle atrophy and/or range of motion loss (HJHS range = 1–2 points). Ultrasound showed abnormalities in 5/49 joints with reported bleeding, and 4/5 showed positive HJHS scores. Ultrasound abnormalities were present in 1/56 joints (1.8%, CI: 0.1–9.6%) without loss of clinical function.ConclusionUltrasound abnormalities were found during routine evaluation of joints in children with haemophilia on prophylaxis. Most joints with ultrasound abnormalities showed low HJHS scores too. Ultrasound could be used to evaluate whether minimal losses of clinical function might be caused by anatomical changes.