bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection causes DNA damage and affects the expression of p21, p27 and p53 in non-tumor epithelial cells
Authors: Vielfort Katarina , Söderholm Niklas , Weyler Linda , Vare Daniel , Löfmark Sonja , Aro Helena 
Published: October 2012

Summary
The constant shedding and renewal of epithelial cells maintain the protection of epithelial barriers. Interference with the processes of host cell-cycle regulation and barrier integrity permits the bacterial pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae to effectively colonize and invade epithelial cells. Here, we show that a gonococcal infection causes DNA damage in human non-tumor vaginal VK2/E6E7 cells with an increase of 700 DNA strand breaks per cell per hour as detected by an alkaline DNA unwinding assay. Infected cells exhibited elevated levels of DNA double-strand breaks, as indicated by a more than 50% increase in cells expressing DNA damage-response protein 53BP1-positive foci that co-localized with phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX). Furthermore, infected cells abolished their expression of the tumor protein p53 and induced an increase in the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 to 2.6-fold and 4.2-fold of controls, respectively. As shown by live-cell microscopy, flow cytometry assays, and BrdU incorporation assays, gonococcal infection slowed the host cell-cycle progression mainly by impairing progression through the G2 phase. Our findings show new cellular players that are involved in the control of the human cell cycle during gonococcal infection and the potential of bacteria to cause cellular abnormalities.
Quang Tri Old Citadel in Vietnam on the Path to Sustainable Tourism: Historical Memory as an Instrument for a Requalification Project
Authors: Pugnaloni F. , Carlorosi C. , Le Ngoc V.A. 
Published: October 2012

The aim of this study is searching and forming about the innovative solutions in preservation of the culture heritage and historical sites. The restoration of damaged heritage represents a fundamental theme in the architectural debate to provide answers at an international level. The history of civilisation reveals that the great cities of the past were destroyed by war. These destructive forces threaten the structural heritage of our great cities, putting the entire political and religious system in jeopardy. The research concentrates on the case study of Quang Tri Citadel where the culture and history experienced two wars, the French and the American one. The methodology of this study is based on the field survey, oral history, and social participation. Therefore it is appropriate to include a historical perspective in the project, assuming it unfolds on three levels within the defensive belt represents a constant and integral element of the scheme: the technical recovery of the walls, the functional transformation of the existing foundation in order to improve sociological topics, the level of architectural studies and proposals. The result of this research illustrates a new approach of the scientific debate to the cultural and historical values of the sites.
Historical and Material Approach to the Paintings at the Portugal National Library: Contributions to the History of Conservation and Restoration of Easel Painting in the 19th Century
Authors: Soares C. M. , Rodrigues R. M. , Cruz A. J. , Rêgo C. 
Published: October 2012

There are in the National Library of Portugal (BNP) about fifty paintings from former convents, mainly portraits executed between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, which are hung in rooms and along corridors, far from the eyes of the public and simultaneously protected by recent conservation and restoration interventions. These paintings, of little artistic interest, are, however, individual cases for the study of conservation and restoration interventions made in the nineteenth century. The data obtained will contribute to the history of paintings restoration, in terms of its practical aspects (about materials and techniques used), that is still to be written in Portugal. Our research, which began in January 2011 and is predicted to end in December 2013, has been oriented by three complementary lines of action, with an interdisciplinary methodological base: the exploitation of the BNP's precious and unpublished documental archive; the assessment to the conservation status of the paintings and identification of restoration works; and the material study of the works, from physical and chemical methods of examination and analysis, in order to deepen our technical knowledge about the restoration of easel painting in the nineteenth century. Through historical documents we could identify periods of restoration, restorers and materials used. The observation of paintings allowed selecting a set of twenty-seven pieces that showed old restorations, made in the nineteenth or early twentieth century. In addition it's very important to use examination methods and laboratory analysis to characterise the restoration works and the materials used.
Nanomatch: A European Project to Develop Consolidants through the Synthesis of New Inorganic Nanomaterials for the Conservation of Built Heritage
Authors: Bernardi A. , Favaro M. , Nijland T. , García O. , Detalle V. , Wittstadt K. , Sanchez M.D. Romero , Pockelé L. , Kunday B. , Verhey B. , Brinkmann U. , de Micheli G. , Labouré M. , Möller B. , Olteanu I.D. 
Published: October 2012

The problem of deterioration of historical building materials, namely stone, wood and glass has become more and more urgent. Climate changes have increased the impact of natural decay whilst socio-economic requirements claim a more sustainable use of existing built heritage. The EU project NANOMATCH addresses this problem through the development of a family of innovative materials. These are specifically designed for the consolidation requirements of historical substrates and for the production of high performance products to fill the gap in the market dedicated to the conservation of built heritage. Metal-alkoxide precursors will be synthesized and their properties will be tuned based on the substrate characteristics of respectively stone, wood, glass to fulfil specific functionalities. The consolidation effects will be first evaluated through lab experimentation and subsequently the most suitable metal alkoxides will be tested in different European sites to evaluate also the environmental effects on their performance This will lead to a new generation of nano-products specifically tailored for historic materials in a context of climate change, emerging from the most recent and advanced research in the fields of conservation science and nanotechnologies. The development of suitable products for the treatment of historical materials will finally stop the inappropriate use of several commercial products, especially polymers. These have shown in recent years detrimental effects due to their fast deterioration and have also hampered the treated material as well. Central to the project is the synthesis of molecular precursors, nano-coating deposition and assessment of their conservation properties leading to the production of innovative products for the market of conservation in replacement of unfit traditional ones. The basis for their production and market introduction will be developed within the project.
Preliminary Ideas for a Project on Cultural Heritage: “Heva”-Digital Resources Optimization for the Enhancement of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Martín J.J. Fernández , Fernández J. García , del Hoyo F.J. Delgado , Codes J. Finat 
Published: October 2012

Cultural Heritage documentation by itself is meaningless if it does not help to create wealth and provide values to society. In recent years, the number of digital contents related to cultural heritage resources is growing in a way that it very difficult to discover reliable information. Thanks to the Internet they can be easily published and distributed but there are three main problems: 1) the quality of the resources is not well evaluated or tagged; 2) the resources are fragmented across several non-linked repositories; 3) most of the resources are not adapted to different kinds of devices and users. These problems are more remarkable in point clouds and three dimensional models digitalized at high resolution, to achieve a higher level of detail because they are too heavy for visualization, transmission and representation. The present statement of intentions aims to develop a project –HEVA: HEritage VAlue– for creating an effective methodology to simplify and improve the exploitation and transmission of cultural heritage documentation in the three most relevant fields: culture, education and economy. The main goal of the project is to reformulate the objective of cultural heritage documentation from a sustainable perspective, linking the efforts to the achievements and optimizing the processes. At the same time, the project will create synergies between multiple agents involved in documentation, allowing an intelligent diffusion of cultural heritage such that heritage can reach interested people, people who really want to be reached.
How Does Digital Programs Help to Understand Urban Evolution the Study Case of a Portuguese Mediterranean Village
Authors: Pacheco M. , Heitor T. 
Published: October 2012

The cultural heritage of the fisherman's town of Fuseta, on the southern Portugal, is an interesting example of Mediterranean vernacular architecture. Totally built in just one-step at the turn and the 19th to 20th centuries, the historic centre presents a homogeneous urban fabric characterized by a typology of house covered by vaults' terraces, and pyramidal roofs, strategically located. Nowadays, the urban network extrapolates the original historic centre to the involving areas, with a demarcated rural structure. This paper aims to reflect on the contribution of space syntax descriptive model, an alpha numeric's calculation software (Depthmap Software), based on visual and spatial networks' analysis, to the study of the urban evolution. The almost non-existence of bibliography related to the urban history of this territory, enforces the use of alternative methods to increase the architectural morphology's theories and other theoretical approaches focused on the reading of urban territories. The Depthmap modelling of the town's digital cartographics allowed the production of maps that expresses parameters and urban concepts universally defined. The main question consists in how deep this new urban modelling information is and how useful are these maps or they just descriptive. In conclusion, the appliance of the Depthmap Software on the study of the Fuseta's urbanism made it possible to draw a reliable parallel between the unknown urban characteristics of the 20th century beginning with the well-known structure of today, at same level of measurements, detailing, information and parameterization.
Comparing Benefits and Total Compensation between Similar Federal and Private-Sector Workers
Authors: Falk Justin R. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
I integrate Current Population Survey data from 2005 through 2010 with data on a wide range of employee benefits to compare the cost of those benefits for federal employees and for workers in the private sector who have similar observable characteristics. Federal benefits were about 48 percent higher, on average, than the benefits received by similar private-sector workers, which led to roughly a 16 percent difference in total compensation (the sum of benefits and wages). Much of the higher cost of federal benefits stems from differences in retirement benefits. The government provides employees defined-benefits pensions and subsidized health insurance in retirement; arrangements that have become uncommon in the private sector. The distribution of compensation also differed between the sectors, such that less-educated federal workers tended to earn much more than their private-sector counterparts, whereas highly-educated workers tended to receive higher compensation in the private sector.
Recent Trends in Men's Earnings Volatility: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1985-2009
Authors: Shin Donggyun 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Evidence on recent trends in men’s earnings volatility from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) has been found to be at odds with evidence from some other sources. This study adds evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, which turns out to be more consistent with the PSID.
Verfolgung und Vertreibung von
SprachwissenschaftlerInnen
im Nationalsozialismus – ein Fenster auf die
Fachgeschichte
Authors: Maas Utz 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The paper presents a survey of the consequences of persecution and emigration
of language scholars during fascism in Germany. As the professionalisation
of linguistics was not very advanced at the time, the broader concept
of language scholars is used. Thus, the destiny of 275 persecuted persons
can be documented, 210 of them victims of racist persecution. Most of
those who survived escaped in emigration (the biography of 220 emigrants
is documented). Consequences for scholarly development must be differentiated
for various disciplines (differing for smaller disciplines, e.g. Oriental
philologies, as compared to the larger philologies: Germanic, English,
Romance). Although most of those who escaped could continue their scholarly
development, some of them even as prominent protagonists – what
was specific to the contemporary scientific debates in Germany, that is, the
critical reflexion on the state of the art, was not developed further. Thus
the investigation of personal fates is embedded in the larger perspective of
the development of linguistics from the late 19th to early 20th century.
Diagnostic Value of Procalcitonin in Well-Appearing Young Febrile Infants
Authors: Gomez Borja , Bressan Silvia , Mintegi Santiago , Da Dalt Liviana , Blazquez Daniel , Olaciregui Izaskun , de la Torre Mercedes , Palacios Miriam , Berlese Paola , Ruano Aitor 
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Procalcitonin (PCT) has been introduced in many European protocols for the management of febrile children. Its value among young, well-appearing infants, however, is not completely defined. Our objective was to assess its performance in diagnosing serious bacterial infections and specifically invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) in well-appearing infants aged &lt;3 months with fever without source (FWS).

METHODS:
Well-appearing infants aged &lt;3 months with FWS admitted to 7 European pediatric emergency departments were retrospectively included. IBI was defined as the isolation of a bacterial pathogen in blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture.

RESULTS:
We included 1112 infants who had PCT measured and a blood culture performed. IBI was diagnosed in 23 cases (2.1%). In the multivariate analysis including clinical and laboratory data, PCT was the only independent risk factor for IBI (odds ratio 21.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.93–59.28 for PCT ≥0.5 ng/mL). Positive likelihood ratios for PCT ≥2 ng/mL and C-reactive protein (CRP) &gt;40 mg/L were 11.14 (95% CI 7.81–15.89) and 3.45 (95% CI 2.20–5.42), respectively. Negative likelihood ratios for PCT &lt;0.5 ng/mL and CRP &lt;20 mg/L were 0.25 (95% CI 0.12–0.55) and 0.41 (95% CI 0.22–0.76). Among patients with normal urine dipstick results and fever of recent onset, areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve for PCT and CRP were 0.819 and 0.563, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among well-appearing young infants with FWS, PCT performs better than CRP in identifying patients with IBIs and seems to be the best marker for ruling out IBIs. Among patients with normal urine dipstick results and fever of recent onset, PCT remains the most accurate blood test.
Growth and Fat-Free Mass Gain in Preterm Infants After Discharge: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Roggero Paola , Giannì Maria L. , Amato Orsola , Liotto Nadia , Morlacchi Laura , Orsi Anna , Piemontese Pasqua , Taroni Francesca , Morniroli Daniela , Bracco Beatrice , Mosca Fabio 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate whether the consumption of a nutrient-enriched formula after hospital discharge determines different growth and weight gain composition in preterm infants according to intra- and extrauterine growth pattern.

METHODS:
Two hundred seven preterm infants were randomized at term-corrected age to receive treatment A (term formula) or B (nutrient-enriched formula) up to 6 months of corrected age, using 2 computer-generated randomization lists, 1 for adequate for gestational age (AGA) and 1 for small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Infants were weaned according to our clinical practice after 6 months’ corrected age. Anthropometric parameters and body composition by an air displacement plethysmography system were assessed at term and 1, 3, and 6 months’ corrected age. Anthropometric parameters were also assessed at 12 months.

RESULTS:
Protein intakes were higher in infants receiving treatment B than in infants receiving treatment A at each study point. There were no differences between the feeding groups in weight and length SD scores in either the AGA and SGA group through the study. The mean head circumference values were higher in AGA infants receiving treatment B than in AGA infants receiving treatment A at 6 and 12 months, whereas at 6 months, the percentage of fat mass was lower. No difference in body composition was detected among SGA infants through the study.

CONCLUSIONS:
This randomized controlled trial demonstrates the beneficial effect of the consumption of a nutrient-enriched formula after hospital discharge by AGA infants both in terms of head circumference growth and fat-free mass gain.
Standards for Health Information Technology to Ensure Adolescent Privacy
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE,   COUNCIL ON CLINICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, Blythe Margaret J. , Adelman William P. , Breuner Cora C. , Levine David A. , Marcell Arik V. , Murray Pamela J. , O’Brien Rebecca F. , Del Beccaro Mark A. , Schneider Joseph H. , Weinberg Stuart T. , Alexander Gregg M. , Drummond Willa Hendricks , Francis Anne B. , Handler Eric G. , Johnson Timothy D. , Kim George R. , Leu Michael , Tham Eric , Zuckerman Aland E. 
Published: October 2012

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed December 2018 and December 2021.
Privacy and security of health information is a basic expectation of patients. Despite the existence of federal and state laws safeguarding the privacy of health information, health information systems currently lack the capability to allow for protection of this information for minors. This policy statement reviews the challenges to privacy for adolescents posed by commercial health information technology systems and recommends basic principles for ideal electronic health record systems. This policy statement has been endorsed by the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine.
Threat or treat: the role of fish exudates in the growth and life history of Daphnia
Authors: Maszczyk Piotr , Bartosiewicz Maciej 
Published: October 2012

In kairomone studies, it is often implicitly assumed that the only effect of predator exudates on their prey is to trigger anti‐predator defenses. However, chemicals originating from fish activity may also fertilize the environment and enhance the growth of zooplankton prey by increasing bacterial food availability. It is necessary to separate these two effects in order to examine the adaptive significance of zooplankton anti‐predation defenses and the ability of the prey to benefit from fish‐related food.Here, we have employed differential filtration of media to permit assessment of these two effects on growth rate and life history adjustments in two Daphnia species that differ in body size and the ability to collect small particles (greater in small‐bodied D. cucullata than in larger D. hyalina). Filters of three mesh sizes were employed: 2 μm (most bacteria pass, but detritus is retained), 0.45 μm (standard) and 0.20 μm (most bacteria and detritus retained).The concentration of kairomones in the fish medium was assumed to be unaffected by filtration. However, the abundance of bacteria in the fish and no‐fish media was dependent on the filter mesh size. This influenced the food level and its impact on Daphnia growth rate and life history. The effect of fish‐related bacterial food was greater under low than under high algal food conditions (0.1 and 1.0 mg C/L) and more significant in D. cucullata.Use of media with a diminished bacterial abundance revealed the effect of kairomones alone as (1) reduced growth rate, size at reproduction, number of pre‐adult instars, age at maturation, level of the integrated egg and body lipids, egg volume, and (2) increased number of eggs per clutch vs. body length. These effects were equally strong in both species, despite differences in body size, and were greater at the higher algal food concentration. The findings of this study indicate the need to re‐analyze and possibly revise the results of previous kairomone studies, especially those using media filtered through mesh sizes coarser than 0.2 μm that were performed under limiting algal food conditions or with species particularly able to benefit from bacterial food.
The Effects of Clients' Controversial Activities on Audit Pricing
Authors: Koh Kevin , Tong Yen H. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARY:
We examine the effects of clients' involvement in controversial corporate activities on audit pricing. Clients' involvement in controversial activities raises concerns about management integrity and ethics. Moreover, clients involved in such activities are perceived to have higher risk of adverse financial performance. As a result, there is greater potential for financial misstatement, which increases the auditor's perceived business risk. We hypothesize that, given the higher perceived business risk, auditors charge higher fees to clients engaged in controversial activities. Using a unique dataset from Kinder, Lydenberg, and Domini, we identify clients that engage in controversial activities related to consumers, employees, the community, and the environment. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that clients involved in controversial corporate activities pay higher audit fees compared to clients not involved in such activities.
Modeling the Antecedents of Preferences for Incomplete Contracts in Bilateral Trade: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Miller Fabienne , Denison Christine A. , Matuszewski Linda J. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT:
Contracts constitute an important control mechanism. Their design is influenced by the preferences of the contracting parties, in addition to firm-level economic transaction costs. This study conducts an experiment to explore the antecedents of preferences for a less complete contract in a trade setting. Results from an experiment indicate that the preference for a more complete versus a less complete contract depends on the perceived riskiness of the incomplete contract, which is influenced by the perceived bargaining power and fairness preferences (namely, distributive and procedural fairness preferences) of the contracting parties. In other words, we find evidence that suggests that choosing the completeness of a contract is a form of risk-taking, and that the preference for a more incomplete contract is influenced by perceived power and fairness preferences.