bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Al-Fārābīs Kommentar zum Almagest in sekundärer Überlieferung bei Ibn aṣ-Ṣalāḥ: Ein vorläufiger Bericht
Authors: Thomann Johannes 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ (d. 1154 CE) wrote a critique on chapter V. 17 of al-Fārābī’s commentary on the Almagest, which is preserved in a unique MS in Mashhad. More than half of its text consists of literal quotations of al-Fārābī’s commentary, which previously was considered to be lost. A commentary on books IX–XIII of the Almagest, handed down anonymously in two MSS and recently discovered was attributed to al-Fārābī.
Thomann 2010–2011.
This assumption can now be tested on a more secure basis. Al-Fārābī’s commentary was evidently not limited to the cosmological parts of the Almagest, but reached far into the mathematical parts, and makes the existence of books IX– XIII more likely. Furthermore, comments are verbose and larger in size than Ptolemy’s corresponding text, especially in the geometrical proofs. Finally, the quoted passages of al-Fārābī concern the calculation of parallaxes. In the two extant Arabic translations of the Almagest Greek parallaxis ist translated by ikhtilāf al-manẓar (“difference of the aspect”), and this became the standard term in astronomical works. But in the passages of al-Fārābī, the uncommon expression inḥirāf al-manẓar (“inclination of the aspect”) is consistently used instead. Parallaxis occurs only in one chapter of books IX–XIII and the anonymous commentary uses the expression inḥirāf al-manẓar. This striking common feature corroborates the attribution of the commentary of books IX–XIII to al-Fārābī. An edition and translation of the texts is in preparation.
Universal eigenvarieties, trianguline Galois representations, and
p-adic Langlands functoriality
Authors: Hansen David , Newton James 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Using the overconvergent cohomology modules introduced by Ash–Stevens, we construct eigenvarieties associated with reductive groups
and establish some basic geometric properties of these spaces, building
on work of Ash–Stevens, Urban, and others. We also formulate a precise
modularity conjecture linking trianguline Galois representations with
overconvergent cohomology classes. In the course of giving evidence
for this conjecture, we establish several new instances of p-adic
Langlands functoriality. Our main technical innovations are a family
of universal coefficients spectral sequences for overconvergent cohomology
and a generalization of Chenevier’s interpolation theorem.
Topological invariance of the homological index
Authors: Carey Alan , Kaad Jens 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
R. W. Carey and J. Pincus in [6]
proposed an index theory for non-Fredholm bounded operators T on a separable Hilbert space

ℋ

{\mathcal{H}}

such that

T
⁢

T
*

-

T
*

⁢
T

{TT^{*}-T^{*}T}

is in the trace class.
We showed in [3] using Dirac-type operators acting on sections of bundles over

ℝ

2
⁢
n

{\mathbb{R}^{2n}}

that we could construct bounded operators T satisfying the more general condition
that the operator

(

1
-

T
⁢

T
*

)

n

-

(

1
-

T
*

⁢
T

)

n

{(1-TT^{*})^{n}-(1-T^{*}T)^{n}}

is in the trace class. We proposed there a ‘homological index’ for these Dirac-type operators given by

Tr
⁢

(

(

1
-

T
⁢

T
*

)

n

-

(

1
-

T
*

⁢
T

)

n

)

{{\rm Tr}((1-TT^{*})^{n}-(1-T^{*}T)^{n})}

. In this paper we show that the index introduced in [3] represents the result of a paring between a cyclic homology theory for the algebra generated by T and

T
*

{T^{*}}

and its dual cohomology theory. This leads us to establish the homotopy invariance of our homological index (in the sense of cyclic theory).
We are then able to define in a very general fashion a homological index for certain unbounded operators and prove invariance of this index under a class of unbounded perturbations.
Crowdfunding and Value Creation
Authors: Meyskens Moriah , Bird Lacy 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSocial ventures like other entrepreneurial endeavors often have difficulty in seeking financing. This study assesses the role of crowdfunding in social venture funding. We provide insight into crowdfunding types and platforms and social value creation. Then we offer a theoretical framework to help social ventures and social investors best choose which type of crowdfunding (reward, donation, equity, debt) might make most sense to them given their economic and social value creation goals.
Positioning self and others in the courtroom: Person markers in the opening statement
Authors: Chaemsaithong Krisda 
Published: April 2015

AbstractConceptualizing person markers as an instrument of ideological negotiation and persuasion, this study explores the relationships between language, interaction and identity in the context of courtroom opening statements. The study quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the use of first- and second-person markers. Based on a corpus of three high-profile trials, the findings indicate that person markers are pragmatically conditioned and contribute to making opening statement argumentative. By manipulating pronouns, the lawyers construct a shared identity with jurors and, at the same time, an authoritative self-image in order to align the jurors with their version of reality.
The logical-semantic content of subject: A configurational view from syntax and LF
Authors: Jurczyk Rafał 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe paper raises the topic of what the functional and logical notion of subject is. It examines the syntax-semantic nature of Icelandic and Polish quirky subject constructions (subjectless clauses in which the initial DP bears oblique Case) with psych-verbs. Of main interest is the full vs. default agreement on V which nominative DPs and quirky subjects always trigger, respectively. We attempt to define the primitive notion of subject from two standpoints – its LF representation and how it is mirrored syntactically by the predication relation of the subject with respect to vP/VP and the proposition of the sentence in TP between the subject and T′. We discuss the semantic and configurational dependencies between quirky subjects and nominative DPs and vP and TP/CP. The paper investigates also the landing site for non-nominative initial DPs and argues for the Topic Phrase in the Left Periphery (Rizzi 1997) as a most natural candidate to host quirky subjects. Hopefully, the conclusions reached here may offer some way of bringing the notion of subject towards its more satisfactory understanding and description within the generative approach.
Early endocrine alterations reflect prolonged stress and relate to 1-year functional outcome in patients with severe brain injury
Authors: Marina Djordje , Klose Marianne , Nordenbo Annette , Liebach Annette , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveSevere brain injury may increase the risk of developing acute and chronic hypopituitarism. Pituitary hormone alterations developed in the early recovery phase after brain injury may have implications for long-term functional recovery. The objective of the present study was to assess the pattern and prevalence of pituitary hormone alterations 3 months after a severe brain injury with relation to functional outcome at a 1-year follow-up.DesignProspective study at a tertiary university referral centre.MethodsA total of 163 patients admitted to neurorehabilitation after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI,n=111) or non-TBI (n=52) were included. The main outcome measures were endocrine alterations 3.3 months (median) after the brain injury and their relationship to the functioning and ability of the patients at a 1-year follow-up, as measured by the Functional Independence Measure and the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended.ResultsThree months after the injury, elevated stress hormones (i.e. 30 min stimulated cortisol, prolactin and/or IGF1) and/or suppressed gonadal or thyroid hormones were recorded in 68 and 32% of the patients respectively. At 1 year after the injury, lower functioning level (Functional Independence Measure) and lower capability of performing normal life activities (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended) were related to both the elevated stress hormones (P≤0.01) and the reduced gonadal and/or thyroid hormones (P≤0.01) measured at 3 months.ConclusionThe present study suggests that brain injury-related endocrine alterations that mimic secondary hypogonadism and hypothyroidism and that occur with elevated stress hormones most probably reflect a prolonged stress response 2–5 months after severe brain injury, rather than pituitary insufficiencyper se. These endocrine alterations thus seem to reflect a more severe disease state and relate to 1-year functional outcome.
The Chromatin and Transcriptional Landscape of NativeSaccharomyces cerevisiaeTelomeres and Subtelomeric Domains
Authors: Ellahi Aisha , Thurtle Deborah M , Rine Jasper 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae telomeres have been a paradigm for studying telomere position effects on gene expression. Telomere position effect was first described in yeast by its effect on the expression of reporter genes inserted adjacent to truncated telomeres. The reporter genes showed variable silencing that depended on the Sir2/3/4 complex. Later studies examining subtelomeric reporter genes inserted at natural telomeres hinted that telomere position effects were less pervasive than previously thought. Additionally, more recent data using the sensitive technology of chromatin immunoprecipitation and massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-Seq) revealed a discrete and noncontinuous pattern of coenrichment for all three Sir proteins at a few telomeres, calling the generality of these conclusions into question. Here we combined the ChIP-Seq of the Sir proteins with RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in wild-type and in SIR2, SIR3, and SIR4 deletion mutants to characterize the chromatin and transcriptional landscape of all native S. cerevisiae telomeres at the highest achievable resolution. Most S. cerevisiae chromosomes had subtelomeric genes that were expressed, with only ∼6% of subtelomeric genes silenced in a SIR-dependent manner. In addition, we uncovered 29 genes with previously unknown cell-type-specific patterns of expression. These detailed data provided a comprehensive assessment of the chromatin and transcriptional landscape of the subtelomeric domains of a eukaryotic genome.
Variability of Intensive Care Management for Children With Bronchiolitis
Authors: Pierce Heather C. , Mansbach Jonathan M. , Fisher Erin S. , Macias Charles G. , Pate Brian M. , Piedra Pedro A. , Sullivan Ashley F. , Espinola Janice A. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: April 2015

Objective:
To determine the extent of variability in testing and treatment of children with bronchiolitis requiring intensive care.

Methods:
This prospective, multicenter observational study included 16 academic children’s hospitals across the United States during the 2007 to 2010 fall and winter seasons. The study included children &lt;2 years old hospitalized with bronchiolitis who required admission to the ICU and/or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) within 24 hours of admission. Among the 2207 enrolled patients with bronchiolitis, 342 children met inclusion criteria. Clinical data and nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected.

Results:
Respiratory distress severity scores and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated. The study patients’ median age was 2.6 months, and 59% were male. Across the 16 sites, the median respiratory distress severity score was 5.1 (interquartile range: 4.5–5.4; P &lt; .001). The median value of the percentages for all sites using CPAP was 15% (range: 3%–100%), intubation was 26% (range: 0%–100%), and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was 24% (range: 0%–94%). Adjusting for site-specific random effects (as well as children’s demographic characteristics and severity of bronchiolitis), the intraclass correlation coefficient for CPAP and/or intubation was 21% (95% confidence interval: 8–44); for HFNC, it was 44.7% (95% confidence interval: 24–67).

Conclusions:
In this multicenter study of children requiring intensive care for bronchiolitis, we identified substantial institutional variability in testing and treatment, including use of CPAP, intubation, and HFNC. These differences were not explained by between-site differences in patient characteristics, including severity of illness. Further research is needed to identify best practices for intensive care interventions for this major cause of pediatric hospitalization.
Effect of Early-Onset Sepsis Evaluations on In-Hospital Breastfeeding Practices Among Asymptomatic Term Neonates
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sagori , Lieberman Ellice S. , Puopolo Karen M. , Riley Laura E. , Johnson Lise C. 
Published: April 2015

Objective:
To examine the effect of separation for early-onset sepsis (EOS) evaluations due to perinatal risk factors on breastfeeding practices among asymptomatic term newborns.

Methods:
This observational study included 692 nulliparous women with term, singleton uncomplicated pregnancies who intended to breastfeed and whose infants were well appearing at birth. We examined the rate of early breastfeeding initiation (within 2 hours of birth) and formula supplementation (in the first 24 hours) among this mother–infant cohort.

Results:
Asymptomatic infants separated for EOS evaluation within 2 hours of birth were more likely to have delayed initiation of breastfeeding (46.5% vs 12.5%; P &lt; .001). This association remained significant when adjusted for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4–8.9]; P &lt; .001). Among infants separated for EOS evaluation, mother–infant time together of ≤0.5 hour in the first 2 hours of life significantly delayed initiation (aOR: 8.9 [95% CI: 1.5–53.7]; P = .02) compared with infants spending &gt;1.5 hours with their mothers. In bivariate analysis, both separation and initiation were associated with formula supplementation. After adjusting for confounders, only delayed initiation remained significantly associated with supplementation (aOR: 1.9 [95% CI: 1.1–3.5]; P = .03).

Conclusions:
Early separation of asymptomatic infants from their mothers for EOS evaluation was significantly associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding, which in turn was associated with increased formula supplementation in the first day of life. This unintended consequence of EOS evaluations among asymptomatic infants may be minimized by delaying early separation for performance of the evaluation, attempting breastfeeding initiation before separation, and/or applying more efficient criteria for identifying infants requiring evaluation.
As coleções arqueológicas e museológicas face às reivindicações internacionais: recuperação de objetos rituais, restituição e reinumação de restos mortais
Authors: Barbosa João Mitia Antunha , Barbosa Marco Antonio 
Published: April 2015

Abordam-se as coleções arqueológicas e museológicas face às
reivindicações contemporâneas dos povos autóctones visando recuperar
seu patrimônio cultural e biológico detido por inúmeros museus do mundo
e apresentam-se e discutem-se as diferentes posições assumidas pelos
conservadores dos museus, cientistas, políticos, antropólogos e lideranças
indígenas, passando pela ética e pelo direito, para concluir que as razões
que sustentaram a apropriação desse patrimônio pelos museus ocidentais
não mais se justificam o que os tem levado ou a espontaneamente revisarem
suas posições ou a serem compelidos a devolverem os objetos e restos
humanos de outros povos por eles detidos e reivindicados, porém, ainda
de forma limitada e circunscrita aos pedidos específicos, ademais disso a
ideia de zoos humanos aplica-se no presente a outros e novos campos de
exploração das identidades e patrimônios autóctones, tais como no turismo
e outras formas contemporâneas de exploração e desrespeito.
O lugar do conceito de privacidade numa sociedade cada vez mais orwelliana
Authors: Correia Pedro Miguel Alves Ribeiro , Jesus Inês Oliveira Andrade de 
Published: April 2015

Este artigo consiste numa reflexão sobre o conceito jurídico de
privacidade e sobre as principais problemáticas que lhe são atinentes. É
feita uma breve resenha histórica sobre o tema e são debatidas os tópicos
da dignidade da pessoa humana como fundamento do direito à privacidade,
do âmbito de protecção, dos conflitos associados e da consequente
necessidade de ponderação de valores. Por fim, conclui-se que as novas
tecnologias de informação impõem que o direito à privacidade seja repensado
e reconfigurado, sendo crucial congregar dois tipos de esforços: um
comportamento mais consciente por parte dos utilizadores e uma regulação
mais rigorosa por parte das autoridades competentes.
Desenvolvimento, consumo e direitos fundamentais na América Latina frente à abertura comercial às potências tecnológicas
Authors: Osorio Ricardo Serrano , Cassi Guilherme Helfenberger Galino 
Published: April 2015

Este trabalho é resultado da análise da atual política de abertura
comercial dos países latino-americanos em vias de desenvolvimento e
apresenta a discussão sobre até que ponto os acordos comercias entre os
países da região e os EUA salvaguardam a integridade dos direitos fundamentais.
Parte-se da construção teórica da sociedade de risco formulada
por Ulrich Beck para então avaliar os Tratados de Livre Comercio entre
os EUA e o Peru, Chile e México, especialmente no que diz respeito à
transferência de tecnologia. O panorama latino-americano demonstra que
a obsolescência de produtos tecnológicos nos países em desenvolvimento,
reflexo dos acordos comerciais, não é acompanhada pelo correto descarte
dos resíduos sólidos, fato que traz um potencial prejuízo à saúde pública
e ao meio ambiente. Com base no relatório "Recycling - from E-Waste
to Resources" do PNUMA/UN, chama-se atenção a este problema e à crise
socioambiental oriunda da vulnerabilidade dos direitos fundamentais,
propondo-se medidas de adequação legal sob o destino final dos produtos
eletrônicos para assim garantir a integridade do bem-estar dos direitos fundamentais da presente e futuras gerações.
A Interpretação do Direito em Sociedades Multiculturais e o Problema da Equalização Entre Direito Moral e Política
Authors: Hamel Marcio Renan 
Published: April 2015

O presente texto aborda a efetividade e interpretação das normas constitucionais abordando conceitos técnico-jurídicos da eficácia mínima, reserva do possível e reserva de consistência. A partir da hermenêutica constitucional tradicional, debate-se a hermenêutica participativa de Peter Haberle e a proposta de jurisdição constitucional de Jurgen Habermas no contexto das sociedades complexas. A conclusão sugere o implemento de maior participação popular das massas, com destaque para todos sujeitos, grupos e minorias excluídas, no intuito de elevar o grau de legitimidade do direito ao mesmo tempo em que se caminha para uma definitiva e democrática
sociedade aberta de intérpretes da Constituição.
The effect of corticision on root resorption with heavy and light forces
Authors: Murphy Christopher , Kalajzic Zana , Chandhoke Taranpreet , Utreja Achint , Nanda Ravindra , Uribe Flavio 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the association between corticision and different force magnitudes with the amount of root resorption.

Methods:
Forty-four male Wistar rats (7 week old) were evaluated after an orthodontic spring delivering either 10 or 100 g was placed on the left maxillary first molars to move molars mesially. Experimental rats were divided into four groups, with 11 animals in each group: (1) LF, no corticision and 10 g of orthodontic force; (2) LFC, corticision and 10 g of force; (3) HF, no corticision and 100 g of force; and (4) HFC, corticision and 100 g of force. Contralateral sides were used as unloaded controls. The total duration of the experimental period was 14 days. Two-dimensional (histomorphometric) and three-dimensional (volumetric, micro-focus X-ray computed tomography [microCT]) analysis of root craters were performed on maxillary first molars.

Results:
Histomorphometric and microCT analysis revealed a significant amount of resorptive areas in the experimental groups when compared to unloaded controls. However, no significant difference was detected in the amount of resorption among the four experimental groups.

Conclusions:
At day 14, neither the amount of force nor the cortical incision caused significant effect on root resorption that was registered by histomorphometric or microCT analysis.
Osseous Fragment in a Patient With Knee Pain
Authors: Beers Lauren R. , Mabry Lance M. , Sullivan Robert T. 
Published: April 2015

The patient was a 31-year-old man who was currently serving in the military. He was referred to a physical therapist by his primary care physician for a chief complaint of left anterior knee pain. Due to concern over a loose body, the physical therapist ordered radiographs of the left knee, which revealed an osseous fragment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(4):323. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.0404
External Validation of a Clinical Prediction Rule to Predict Full Recovery and Ongoing Moderate/Severe Disability Following Acute Whiplash Injury
Authors: Ritchie Carrie , Hendrikz Joan , Jull Gwendolen , Elliott James , Sterling Michele 
Published: April 2015

Study Design Retrospective secondary analysis of data. Objectives To investigate the external validity of the whiplash clinical prediction rule (CPR). Background We recently derived a whiplash CPR to consolidate previously established prognostic factors for poor recovery from a whiplash injury and predicted 2 recovery pathways. Prognostic factors for full recovery were being less than 35 years of age and having an initial Neck Disability Index (NDI) score of 32% or less. Prognostic factors for ongoing moderate/severe pain and disability were being 35 years of age or older, having an initial NDI score of 40% or more, and the presence of hyperarousal symptoms. Validation is required to confirm the reproducibility and accuracy of this CPR. Clinician feedback on the usefulness of the CPR is also important to gauge acceptability. Methods A secondary analysis of data from 101 individuals with acute whiplash-associated disorder who had previously participated in either a randomized controlled clinical trial or prospective cohort study was performed using accuracy statistics. Full recovery was defined as NDI score at 6 months of 10% or less, and ongoing moderate/severe pain and disability were defined as an NDI score at 6 months of 30% or greater. In addition, a small sample of physical therapists completed an anonymous survey on the clinical acceptability and usability of the tool. Results The positive predictive value of ongoing moderate/severe pain and disability was 90.9% in the validation cohort, and the positive predictive value of full recovery was 80.0%. Surveyed physical therapists reported that the whiplash CPR was simple, understandable, would be easy to use, and was an acceptable prognostic tool. Conclusion External validation of the whiplash CPR confirmed the reproducibility and accuracy of this dual-pathway tool for individuals with acute whiplash-associated disorder. Further research is needed to assess prospective validation, the impact of inclusion on practice, and to examine the efficacy of linking treatment strategies with predicted prognosis. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(4):242–250. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5642