bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESEMPENHO DE CINCO PROCEDÊNCIAS DE Grevillea robusta NO NORTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Leal Alex Carneiro , Ramos André Luiz Medeiros 
Published: December 2014

A Grevillea robusta é uma espécie arbórea nativa das regiões subtropicais costeiras da Austrália. Foi uma das primeiras plantas da Austrália cultivada fora de sua área de ocorrência natural, principalmente como ornamental. Essa espécie é recomendada para plantio nas regiões mais quentes do Paraná, sendo apreciada para arborização de lavouras de café. Com o objetivo de comparar o desempenho de procedências de G. robusta, instalou-se um experimento no município de Londrina, PR. Quatro procedências australianas foram fornecidas pela Divisão Florestal da CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) e a procedência local foi coletada no município de Cianorte, PR. Aos 10 anos de idade, a produção volumétrica dos materiais importados foi superior à do material local em 68,5%, 61,2%, 50,6% e 39,7% para as procedências Boyd, Woodenbong, Wivenhoe e Emu Vale, respectivamente. Todas as procedências australianas apresentaram crescimento superior ao da fonte local comercial. A procedência Wivenhoe se destacou pelo crescimento em altura, enquanto a procedência Boyd apresentou maior crescimento diamétrico e em volume. Conclui-se que a substituição das fontes de sementes disponíveis comercialmente no Paraná por sementes de procedências selecionadas pode aumentar a produtividade de Grevillea robusta na região norte do Paraná.Palavras-chave: Grevillea robusta; teste de procedências; cultivos florestais. AbstractGrowth performance of Grevillea robusta provenances in northern Parana. Grevillea robusta, a native species of subtropical coastal areas of Australia, is successfully cultivated in several countries. It is recommended for planting in warmer regions of Paraná where it is the favourite species for intercropping with coffee. A trial established in Londrina County, Paraná state, aimed to compare growth performance in relation to different provenances of G. robusta. Among the tested provenances, there were four of them provided by CSIRO’s Division of Forestry and Forest Products and one provided by a local source, from Cianorte County, provided by Paraná State Environmental Institute. Ten years after field planting, wood volume produced by Australian provenances were 68.5%, 61.2%, 50.6% and 39.7% higher than that of the local seed source (respectively Boyd, Woodenbong, Wivenhoe and Emu Vale provenances). Wivenhoe provenance attained the highest height growth and Boyd provenance the best growth in diameter and volume. This suggests that productivity growth can be achieved by seed source replace.Keywords: Grevillea robusta; provenance trial; tree plantings.
ESTRUTURA HORIZONTAL DE UM TRECHO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA DENSA DAS TERRAS BAIXAS NA RESERVA BIOLÓGICA DE SOORETAMA, LINHARES, ES
Authors: Paula Alessandro de , Soares João Juares 
Published: December 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a estrutura fitossociológica horizontal de um trecho da vegetação arbórea de uma floresta de tabuleiro. Foi realizada uma amostragem fitossociológica em 100 parcelas contíguas de 10 x 10 m, sendo amostrados os indivíduos com PAP ≥ 15 cm. Construiu-se a distribuição diamétrica e estimou-se o padrão de distribuição espacial das espécies. Foram amostrados 1519 indivíduos, distribuídos entre 265 espécies, 138 gêneros e 44 famílias. O índice de Shannon (H’) estimado foi de 4,87 nats/ind. As espécies com os maiores VI foram Rinorea bahiensis (Moric.) Kuntze, Eriotheca macrophylla (K. Schum.) A. Robyns e Sterculia speciosa K. Schum. Em relação aos grupos ecológicos, as secundárias tardias obtiveram mais que o dobro do VC e VI das secundárias iniciais. A distribuição diamétrica apresentada pelas pioneiras foi truncada, sendo que a das secundárias iniciais foi ampla. A predominância de espécies tolerantes ao sombreamento nos estágios iniciais de crescimento reforça a ideia de que o estádio sucessional encontra-se avançado. Foram encontradas 10 espécies com padrão de distribuição espacial agregado e 29 aleatório.Palavras-chave:Fitossociologia; estrutura horizontal; Floresta Ombrófila Densa; floresta de tabuleiro; floresta atlântica. AbstractHorizontal structure of Ombrophilous dense forest of lowlands in Sooretama Biological Reserve, Linhares. This work aimed to analyze horizontal structure of arboreal vegetation from a “tableland” forest. A phytosociological sample was carried out on 100 contiguous plots of 10 X 10 meters. We sampled the individuals with PBH ≥ 15 cm, built up the diametric distribution and estimated spatial species distribution pattern. We sampled 1519 individuals, which were distributed into 265 species, 138 genera and 44 families. Shannon’s Index (H’) was estimated at 4.87 nats/ind. Species with the highest IV were Rinorea bahiensis (Moric.) Kuntze, Eriotheca macrophylla (K. Schum.) A. Robyns and Sterculia speciosa K. Schum. In relation to ecological groups, the late secondary species obtained CV and IV, twice as much as the early secondary ones. Pioneers presented truncated diametric distribution, as long as the early secondary had a broader one. Shadow tolerant species predominance reinforces that successional stadium is advanced. It had been found 10 species with aggregated spatial distribution and 29 random ones.Keywords: Phytosociology; horizontal structure; Dense Ombrophilous Forest; tabuleiro forest; atlantic forest.
ESTUDOS DE UM BANCO DE SEMENTES NO SOLO DE UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL COM Araucaria angustifolia NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Souza Marcelo Lima de , Nogueira Antônio Carlos , Macedo Renato Luiz Grisi , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Venturin Nelson 
Published: December 2014

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o banco de sementes no solo de um fragmento florestal com Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. no estado do Paraná. Para isso, investigou-se a distribuição vertical das sementes, a influência do sombreamento sobre a emergência das plântulas, sua identificação e quantificação. A distribuição vertical de sementes em quatro camadas foi analisada através da identificação e quantificação das plântulas emergentes em casa de vegetação, levando em consideração o nível de sombreamento. Os dados referentes ao banco de sementes foram obtidos no período de 210 dias, por meio de identificação botânica e contagens semanais das plântulas germinadas das quatro profundidades de solo em quatro parcelas experimentais. As amostras foram colocadas para germinar sob 0 e 50% de sombreamento em casa de vegetação. Os resultados obtidos no estudo de banco de sementes permitiram as seguintes conclusões: o banco de sementes parece ser pobre em espécies arbóreas e abundante em espécies herbáceas; o banco de sementes das espécies arbóreas foi maior na segunda camada; ocorreu maior germinação sob 0% de sombreamento. Provavelmente, a estratégia de regeneração da maioria das espécies presentes nessa área de estudo parece não ser pelo banco de sementes no solo.Palavras-chave: Banco de sementes no solo; Araucaria angustifolia; fragmento florestal. AbstractSoil seed bank analysis in a forest fragment with Araucaria angustifolia, State of Parana. A research on soil seed bank had been developed in an Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. forest fragment in the State of Paraná. It had surveyed vertical distribution of seeds within the soil and shadow influence on seedling emergence, besides the improvement of their identification and quantity measuring. Vertical distribution of seeds in four soil layers had been analyzed by identification and quantification of germinated seedlings in greenhouse, with full light or 50% shaded conditions. Data related to seedlings of trees, weeds, grasses and lianas were calculated separately in weekly intervals during a 210-day period. Results suggested that the soil seed bank in this forest was poor in relation to tree species, in diversity as far as density. On the other hand, seeds of grasses and weeds decreased along vertical soil profile, and forest tree species tended to abundance in the 5-10 cm layer. Germination was higher with full light than in 50% shaded conditions. Probably, regeneration strategy for most species in this focused area doesn’t seem to be soil seed bank.Keywords: Soil seed bank; Araucaria angustifolia; forest fragment.
MODELOS POLINOMIAIS PARA REPRESENTAR O PERFIL E O VOLUME DO FUSTE DE Eucalyptus urophylla NA REGIÃO NORTE DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS
Authors: Miguel Eder Pereira , Machado Sebastião do Amaral , Figueiredo Filho Afonso , Arce Julio Eduardo 
Published: December 2014

A possibilidade de estimar o volume madeirável de um determinado empreendimento florestal e paralelamente a isso fazer a predição de múltiplos produtos advindos do mesmo, viabilizam significativos ganhos na administração dos povoamentos florestais. É claro e evidente que a estimativa precisa do volume de um povoamento florestal cada vez mais vem se tornando prática indispensável nas empresas ligadas ao setor madeireiro, e a possibilidade de agregar valores nas florestas, sejam plantadas ou nativas, é possível uma vez que haja meios de diversificar os produtos madeireiros, nos casos em que o resíduo da elaboração de um produto torna-se matéria-prima para elaboração de outro. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a acuracidade dos modelos polinomiais propostos por Schöepfer (1966), Kozak et al. (1969) e Hradetzky (1976), para estimativa de diâmetros e volumes ao longo do fuste de Eucalyptus urophylla, em plantio localizado no município de Niquelândia, no estado do Goiás. A base de dados foi composta por 48 árvores cubadas rigorosamente pelo método de Smalian. A avaliação da precisão dos modelos foi feita através da análise de resíduos, Erro Padrão Residual (Syx) e Coeficiente de Determinação (R²). O modelo que gerou as melhores estatísticas para a estimativa dos diâmetros ao longo do fuste foi o modelo proposto por Hradetzky (1976). Já para a estimativa do volume total com e sem casca, o polinômio do 5° grau proposto por Schöepfer (1966) foi um pouco superior.Palavras-chave: Modelagem; função de afilamento; volumetria. AbstractPolynomial models to represent profile and volume of Eucalyptus urophylla stem in north region of Goias State, Brazil. Timber volume estimates of a certain forest due to its multiple products prediction may increase incomes from forest stands management. It is already clear that precise volume survey of a forest is essential to timber companies in order to increase commercial value to forests (native or planted ones), even by diversification of products, transforming residues into raw material. This research has as its main aim to evaluate accuracy of polynomial models proposed by Schöpfer (1966), Kozak et al. (1969) and Hradetzky (1976) to estimate diameter and volume along Eucalyptus urophylla stem, in the region of Niquelândia, Goiás State. The database was composed by 48 trees that had their absolute volume calculate by the Smalian method. The models precision was evaluated by analysis of residuals, the Standard error of estimate (Syx) and the determination coefficient (R²). The model that produced the best statistics for diameter estimation along the stem was the model proposed by Hradetzky (1976), as well as the 5th degree model proposed by Schöepfer (1966) proved to be superior to estimate total volume.Keywords: Modeling; taper function; volumetry.
PROJEÇÕES DA PRODUÇÃO DE CELULOSE DE FIBRA CURTA NO BRASIL
Authors: Castro Renato Vinícius Oliveira , Mendes Ana Flávia Neves , Ataíde Glauciana da Mata , Costa Júlia Melo Franco Neves , Vieira João Paulo Guimarães , Santos Rosimeire Cavalcante dos , Soares Carlos Pedro Boechat , Araújo Júnior Carlos Alberto 
Published: December 2014

Com base em uma série temporal anual de produção de celulose de fibra curta no Brasil no período de 1950 a 2009, o presente trabalho objetivou analisar a eficiência da metodologia Box & Jenkins em prever a produção. O modelo mais adequado foi escolhido com base nos critérios de AIC e SCH, na significância dos coeficientes, no princípio de parcimônia e no comportamento dos resíduos. Pelos resultados, conclui-se que o modelo ARIMA (2,2,1) é adequado para prever a produção de celulose de fibra curta no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Celulose de fibra curta; séries temporais; metodologia Box & Jenkins. AbstractProjections of short fiber cellulose production in Brazil. Based on an annual production series of hardwood pulp in Brazil from 1950 to 2009, this study aimed to analyze efficiency of the Box & Jenkins methodology to forecast production. The most appropriate model was chosen based on the AIC and SCH criteria, on the significance of coefficients, on the principle of parsimony and residual behavior. The results points to the ARIMA (2,2,1) model as the most adequate to forecast the hardwood pulp production in Brazil.Keywords: Hardwood pulp; time series; Box & Jenkins methodology.
Is semen analysis necessary prior to the commencement of testosterone supplementation therapy in men of reproductive age?
Authors: Pan Michael , Ramasamy Ranjith , Kovac Jason Ronald 
Published: December 2014

A semen analysis (SA) should be performed on all men of reproductive age prior to the commencement of testosterone supplementation therapy (TST). A baseline SA has numerous benefits including the ability to unmask occult azoospermia, act as a baseline measure of reproductive function, and provide a recovery target for management of TST-induced testicular dysfunction. Physicians treating men of reproductive age with TST should incorporate SA as part of their initial treatment protocol.
International Criminal Court in the Trenches of Africa
Authors: Nkansah Lydia A. 
Published: December 2014

International Criminal Court in the Trenches of Africa
The pursuit of international criminal justice in Africa through the International Criminal Court (ICC) platform has not been without hitches. There is a rift between the African Union (AU), as a continental body, and the ICC owing to the AU’s perception that the ICC is pursuing selective justice and the AU’s misgivings about the ICC’s indictment /trial of some sitting heads of states in Africa. This article argues that the claim of selective justice cannot be dismissed because it undermines the regime of international criminal justice. The indictment/trial of serving heads of states also has serious constitutional and political implications for the countries involved, but this has been ignored in the literature. Further, the hitches arise both from the failure of the ICC to pay attention to the domestic contexts in order to harmonize its operations in the places of its interventions and from the inherent weakness of the ICC as a criminal justice system. The ICC, on its part, insists that any consideration given to the domestic contexts of its operations would undermine it. Yet the ICC’s interventions in Africa have had serious political, legal and social implications for the communities involved, jeopardizing the peaceful equilibrium in some cases. This should not be ignored. Using the law to stop and prevent international crimes in African societies would require a concerted effort by all concerned to harmonize the demand for justice with the imperatives on the ground.
Compensatie: óók bij onverwachte technische problemen!
Authors: Meijer P.N. 
Published: December 2014

Compensatie: óók bij onverwachte technische problemen!
Ook na 9 jaar ondervinden passagiers nog veel moeite bij het claimen van compensatie. Jarenlang vochten luchtvaartmaatschappijen de verordening aan, maar nadat het HvJ EU de verordening in stand liet is de nadruk komen te liggen op een beroep op de uitzonderingsbepaling van de zogeheten ‘buitengewone omstandigheden’. Met name in geval van technische problemen wordt passagiers ten onrechte de verplichte compensatie onthouden.
Les relations fiscales Canada — Nouveau-Brunswick de 1867 à 1917
Authors: Migneault Gaétan 
Published: December 2014

Un des motifs importants d’opposition exprimés au Nouveau-Brunswick contre les conditions de la Confédération visait l’insuffisance des transferts fédéraux offerts. On craignait l’émergence d’une situation financière éventuellement insoutenable, forçant le recours accru à la taxation directe pour soutenir les activités provinciales. Comme prévu, les recettes publiques provinciales se sont effondrées après l’Union, puis ont stagné jusqu’au recours à la taxation directe à partir de 1892.
Cet article établit le lien entre les débats menant à la Confédération et les effets fiscaux de la mise en oeuvre du texte de la Constitution observés au Nouveau-Brunswick. Il démontre la perspicacité des opposants et la justesse de leur crainte.
Une lecture du rapport ville-nature à travers les promenades d’artistes
Authors: Miaux Sylvie , Roulez Marie-Claude 
Published: December 2014

La promenade, forme ancienne de transmission des savoirs, ne cesse d’évoluer notamment par l’entremise des artistes qui transcendent l’acte de marcher en acte de création. Ainsi, dans cet article, nous insisterons sur le rapport ville-nature mis en scène par les artistes à travers la lecture de différents dispositifs artistiques mobilisant la promenade sous différentes forme : dérive, flânerie, etc. Ainsi, nous serons en mesure, d’une part, de révéler les manières dont les artistes mobilisent la promenade notamment dans le rapport ville-nature et, d’autre part, d’identifier et d’approfondir les dimensions de la promenade mobilisées par les artistes pour proposer des pistes en matière d’aménagement de l’espace urbain favorable à la promenade.
Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Individual Variation in Bumblebee Wings
Authors: ARAÑA RAY VINCENT E. 
Published: December 2014

The morphological features of an organism are an important source ofinformation for many areas of biological study. Insect wing architectural designis believed to be an excellent system for studying morphological variation becauseof their firm or solidly cleared structures. It has been the center of geometricmorphometric investigation in the past since insect’s wing pattern can providedetails on their evolutionary history and flight performance. Wing shape andsize disparity of fifty-nine individuals of bumblebee was explored to explain andfigure out biological structure variation within similar species. Examination inboth left and right forewings and hind wings was also considered to find out ifphenotypic sexual dimorphism exists. The outline-based geometric morphometrictechnique was employed in this study to measure and evaluate wing shape andsize variation among bumblebees. Results from mean shapes and scatter plotdiagrams analysis revealed that individuals of bumblebee differ less with respect to shape. Overlapping of individuals is visible on both wings in both sexes, which shows absence of dimorphism. Male individuals have larger forewings comparedto females. Slight variation was observed for both sexes in terms of hind wings,which indicates that both individuals exhibit common size characteristic andabsence of dimorphism. The study concludes that size may be considered as abasis for sex determination and that wing size is somewhat a sexual dimorphictrait among bumblebee species. Keywords - Biology, wing morphometry, outline-based geometric morphometric analysis,Philippines
Attenuation of Amoeba in Biochar-amended Clayey and Sandy Soil
Authors: CARNICE PEARL APHRODITE BOBON 
Published: December 2014

Limited information has been published regarding the attenuation ofmicroorganism, specifically amoeba in soil with biochar amendment. This studydetermines the attenuation of amoeba between water-saturated clay and sandysoil with biochar and to determine the effect of biochar in clayey and sandy soilwith amoeba contamination in relation to its transport. Four treatments wereformulated, TS (sandy soil, control), TSB (sandy soil + biochar), TC (clayeysoil, control) and TCB (clayey soil + biochar) and replicated three times. Theexperiment was rendered using a 17cm soil column with 2.5cm diameter;all treatments were saturated and leached. Number of amoeba leached andattenuated was counted under a compound microscope. Results revealed thatclayey soil attenuated more amoeba compared to sandy soil treatment due toits smaller pores. Moreover, biochar amendment in a sandy soil would enhance the attenuation of amoeba and lessen the transport of amoeba while biochar amendment in clayey soil lessens the attenuation and facilitate the transfer ofamoeba. It has also been observed that at four to eight centimeters depth of thesoil column, the spatial distribution of amoeba is superior. The study implies thatbiochar physical enhancement of soil would depend upon the initial texture ofthe soil.' Keywords - Ecology and Conservation, Biochar as Filter for Amoeba Attenuation,Experimental Study, Philippines
Entrainment of bed material by Earth‐surface mass flows: Review and reformulation of depth‐integrated theory
Authors: Iverson Richard M. , Ouyang Chaojun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEarth‐surface mass flows such as debris flows, rock avalanches, and dam‐break floods can grow greatly in size and destructive potential by entraining bed material they encounter. Increasing use of depth‐integrated mass and momentum conservation equations to model these erosive flows motivates a review of the underlying theory. Our review indicates that many existing models apply depth‐integrated conservation principles incorrectly, leading to spurious inferences about the role of mass and momentum exchanges at flow‐bed boundaries. Model discrepancies can be rectified by analyzing conservation of mass and momentum in a two‐layer system consisting of a moving upper layer and static lower layer. Our analysis shows that erosion or deposition rates at the interface between layers must, in general, satisfy three jump conditions. These conditions impose constraints on valid erosion formulas, and they help determine the correct forms of depth‐integrated conservation equations. Two of the three jump conditions are closely analogous to Rankine‐Hugoniot conditions that describe the behavior of shocks in compressible gasses, and the third jump condition describes shear traction discontinuities that necessarily exist across eroding boundaries. Grain‐fluid mixtures commonly behave as compressible materials as they undergo entrainment, because changes in bulk density occur as the mixtures mobilize and merge with an overriding flow. If no bulk density change occurs, then only the shear traction jump condition applies. Even for this special case, however, accurate formulation of depth‐integrated momentum equations requires a clear distinction between boundary shear tractions that exist in the presence or absence of bed erosion.