bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of sex assigned at birth using dental crown and cervical measurements in a modern global sample
Authors: Pilloud Marin A. , Kenessey Dori E. , Smith Emily M. , Vlemincq‐Mendieta Tatiana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite developing prior to the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics of the skeleton, the permanent dentition exhibits sexual dimorphism. Therefore, teeth can serve as a means to estimate sex assigned at birth even in young individuals. This project takes a large global sample of maximum dimensions of the crown as well as measurements of the crown at the cervix to explore sexual dimorphism. Dimorphism is noted in teeth throughout the dental arcade, particularly in the canines. We provide sectioning points as well as the probability of correct classification (ranging from 50.9% to 81.3%) for each measurement to aid the practitioner in sex estimation from the dentition. This research provides a method to estimate sex without arbitrary population specifications. We argue for a global approach that incorporates more population variation to remove the need to estimate “ancestry,” (which in actuality is translated to a social race category) and therefore does not force sexual dimorphism‐related variation into these mutable and ambiguous categories. Further, this paper demonstrates the utility of the dentition as an additional indicator to aid with the estimation of sex assigned at birth in forensic anthropology. The goal of this research is to better understand the expression of sexual dimorphism across the skeleton in a global context.
Age‐related alterations in human cortical microstructure across the lifespan: Insights from high‐gradient diffusion MRI
Authors: Lee Hansol , Lee Hong‐Hsi , Ma Yixin , Eskandarian Laleh , Gaudet Kyla , Tian Qiyuan , Krijnen Eva A. , Russo Andrew W. , Salat David H. , Klawiter Eric C. , Huang Susie Y. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe human brain undergoes age‐related microstructural alterations across the lifespan. Soma and Neurite Density Imaging (SANDI), a novel biophysical model of diffusion MRI, provides estimates of cell body (soma) radius and density, and neurite density in gray matter. The goal of this cross‐sectional study was to assess the sensitivity of high‐gradient diffusion MRI toward age‐related alterations in cortical microstructure across the adult lifespan using SANDI. Seventy‐two cognitively unimpaired healthy subjects (ages 19–85 years; 40 females) were scanned on the 3T Connectome MRI scanner with a maximum gradient strength of 300mT/m using a multi‐shell diffusion MRI protocol incorporating 8 b‐values and diffusion time of 19 ms. Intra‐soma signal fraction obtained from SANDI model‐fitting to the data was strongly correlated with age in all major cortical lobes (r = −0.69 to −0.60, FDR‐p < 0.001). Intra‐soma signal fraction (r = 0.48–0.63, FDR‐p < 0.001) and soma radius (r = 0.28–0.40, FDR‐p < 0.04) were significantly correlated with cortical volume in the prefrontal cortex, frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. The strength of the relationship between SANDI metrics and age was greater than or comparable to the relationship between cortical volume and age across the cortical regions, particularly in the occipital lobe and anterior cingulate gyrus. In contrast to the SANDI metrics, all associations between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging metrics and age were low to moderate. These results suggest that high‐gradient diffusion MRI may be more sensitive to underlying substrates of neurodegeneration in the aging brain than DTI and traditional macroscopic measures of neurodegeneration such as cortical volume and thickness.
A defective splicing machinery promotes senescence through MDM4 alternative splicing
Authors: Deschênes Mathieu , Durand Mathieu , Olivier Marc‐Alexandre , Pellerin‐Viger Alicia , Rodier Francis , Chabot Benoit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDefects in the splicing machinery are implicated in various diseases, including cancer. We observed a general reduction in the expression of spliceosome components and splicing regulators in human cell lines undergoing replicative, stress‐induced, and telomere uncapping‐induced senescence. Supporting the view that defective splicing contributes to senescence, splicing inhibitors herboxidiene, and pladienolide B induced senescence in normal and cancer cell lines. Furthermore, depleting individual spliceosome components also promoted senescence. All senescence types were associated with an alternative splicing transition from the MDM4‐FL variant to MDM4‐S. The MDM4 splicing shift was reproduced when splicing was inhibited, and spliceosome components were depleted. While decreasing the level of endogenous MDM4 promoted senescence and cell survival independently of the MDM4‐S expression status, cell survival was also improved by increasing MDM4‐S. Overall, our work establishes that splicing defects modulate the alternative splicing of MDM4 to promote senescence and cell survival.
CLG promotes mTOR/ULK1 pathway‐mediated autophagy to inhibit OS development by inhibiting TRAF6‐mediated FLT3 ubiquitination
Authors: Huang Xiongjie , Huang Yanran , Peng Bin , Wang Junfang , Tang Huiyu , Chen Yanming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCorilagin (CLG) has antitumor activities in certain human malignant cancers. Herein, the effects and mechanisms of CLG on osteosarcoma (OS) were investigated. OS cell viability and proliferation were detected by MTT and colony formation assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were examined using flow cytometry. The interaction between TRAF6 and FLT3 was investigated using a co‐immunoprecipitation assay. Results demonstrated that CLG treatment inhibited OS cell viability and proliferation but promoted OS cell autophagy and apoptosis in a concentration‐dependent manner. Mechanically, CLG inhibited TRAF6‐mediated FLT3 ubiquitination degradation. TRAF6 overexpression abolished the effects of CLG on OS cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Finally, CLG administration inhibited OS tumor growth in mice by inducing autophagy‐dependent apoptosis. Taken together, CLG inhibited OS progression by facilitating mTOR/ULK1 pathway‐mediated autophagy through inhibiting TRAF6‐mediated FLT3 ubiquitination, which indicated that CLG was a promising candidate for the treatment of OS.
Iliac crest vertical block grafts −placing outside or inside the bone contour: A cohort study
Authors: Mertens Christian , Büsch Christopher , Ristow Oliver , Hoffmann Jürgen , Wang Hom‐Lay , Hoffmann Korbinian Jochen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjective and AimChallenging defect configurations and dimensions arise from severe, localized vertical alveolar ridge defects caused by trauma or prior surgery. This study aims to analyze three‐dimensional bone gain, assess marginal bone stability in such defect configurations, and evaluate the impact of grafting outside the bone contour on the overall outcome, with a focus on iliac crest block grafts as a valid treatment option.Materials and MethodsThe prospective cohort study evaluated patients who required vertical block grafting due to localized bone defects in the maxilla or mandible and who had received iliac grafts. Three‐dimensional bone gain was analyzed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) after 3 months of bone healing for each treated site and implant position. A comparison between bone grafts inside and outside the bone contour was conducted. Marginal bone stability was measured using intraoral radiographs during routine annual follow‐up visits.ResultsSeventy patients with 89 treated sites were evaluated. After 3 months of graft healing, the mean vertical bone gain was 11.03 ± 3.54 mm, the mean horizontal bone gain was 7.18 ± 2.00 mm, and the mean graft length was 28.19 ± 11.01 mm. A total of 217 implants were placed in the augmented regions. On implant level, a mean vertical bone gain of 10.44 ± 3.44 mm and a mean horizontal bone gain of 6.54 ± 1.86 mm were measured. Over a 43‐month observation period, mesial and distal marginal bone loss averaged 0.44 ± 0.92 mm and 0.49 ± 1.05 mm, respectively. Eight implants were diagnosed with periimplantitis, resulting in the loss of four implants, while no early implant losses were reported.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, vertical bone grafts with iliac crest block grafts were found to be a dependable treatment option for dental implant placement, and placing block grafts outside the bone contour did not lead to inferior outcomes.
Cervical cancer screening efficacy using SurePath, ThinPrep and conventional cytology: A large data set analysis from the Japan Cancer Society
Authors: Koyanagi Takahiro , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Kouji , Suzuki Mitsuaki , Kakizoe Tadao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveOver the past decade, liquid‐based cytology has replaced conventional cytology for cervical cancer screening in many countries, including Japan. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of liquid‐based cytology using a large database and compare two major liquid‐based cytology platforms, SurePath and ThinPrep, to conventional cytology.MethodsCervical cancer screening data were collected from the Japan Cancer Society between 2015 and 2019. The efficacy of liquid‐based and conventional cytology in detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was evaluated. Detection rates and positive predictive values were compared using a Poisson regression model.ResultsWe collected data of 3,918,149 participants, including 2,248,202 conventional cytology, 874,807 SurePath and 795,140 ThinPrep smears. The detection rate of CIN2 or more was 1.14 times higher using SurePath than that using conventional cytology (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.20; p < 0.001). Contrastingly, the detection rate of CIN2 or more was 0.91 times lower using ThinPrep (95% CI, 0.86–0.96; p < 0.001). The detection rates of CIN3 or more did not differ significantly between SurePath and conventional cytology (detection rate ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97–1.12; p = 0.224). The positive predictive value ratios of CIN2 or more were 0.80 using SurePath (95% CI, 0.76–0.84; p < 0.001) and 0.83 using ThinPrep (95% CI, 0.79–0.87; p < 0.001) compared with conventional cytology.ConclusionsLiquid‐based cytology, particularly SurePath, was useful for detecting CIN2 or higher in population‐based cervical cancer screening. Further widespread use of liquid‐based cytology methods would lead to efficient detection of cervical precancerous lesions.
A novel nomogram to predict psoriatic arthritis in patients with plaque psoriasis
Authors: Tan Minjia , Chen Junchen , Cheng Jiaomei , Hu Jingjin , Hu Kun , Yang Jing , Li Xingyu , Zhang Mi , Zhu Wu , Liao Liqiu , Kuang Yehong 
Published: August 2024

SummaryObjectiveTo construct a predictive model for Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) based on clinical and ultrasonic characteristics in patients with plaque psoriasis (PsP).Patients and MethodsDemographic, clinical, and ultrasound data were collected from patients with PsP and PsA between May 2019 and December 2022.ResultsA total of 212 patients with PsP and 123 with PsA in the training cohort, whereas the validation cohort comprised 91 patients with PsP and 49 with PsA. The multivariate logistic regression identified nail psoriasis (odds ratio [OR] 1.88, 95% CI: 1.07–3.29), synovitis (OR 18.23, 95% CI: 4.04–82.33), enthesitis (OR 3.71, 95% CI: 1.05–13.14), and bone erosion (OR 11.39, 95% CI: 3.05–42.63) as effective predictors for PsA. The area under the curve was 0.750 (95% CI, 0.691–0.806) and 0.804 (95% CI, 0.723–0.886) for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The Hosmer‐Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit test showed good consistency for both the training cohort (p = 0.970) and the validation cohort (p = 0.967). Calibration curves also indicated good calibration for both cohorts. The DCA revealed that the predictive model had good clinical utility.ConclusionsWe have developed a quantitative, intuitive, and convenient predictive model based on nail psoriasis, synovitis, enthesitis, and bone erosion to assess the risk of PsA in patients with plaque psoriasis.
Connecting efficiency and responsiveness in China: public sentiments and stakeholder perspectives towards COVID‐19 crisis governance
Authors: Yang Ronghui , Penders Bart , Horstman Klasien 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic initiated debates on how crisis management affects democracy. In them, the balance between deploying control strategies that limit citizens' freedom and their democratic legitimation features prominently. Informed by theoretical debates about responsive crisis governance, this paper explores how Chinese citizens reacted by quantitatively and qualitatively analysing social media expressions and Chinese stakeholders' narratives. The quantitative analysis indicated that public sentiments towards pandemic control were complex and mostly related to the severe pandemic in Wuhan. Negative sentiments were mainly directed at local states; national states largely received respect. The qualitative analysis exhibited more nuances. Although Chinese crisis governance raised efficiency and trust, aggressive accountability efforts and improper information exchange caused justice deficits and public anxiety. Draconian social control misaligned public interests and a lack of specific partnership mechanisms frustrated social participation. Reconciling institutional efficiency with civic liberties on diverse governance levels is thus expected to increase the responsiveness of pandemic control to public demands.
Real‐world safety profile of once‐weekly semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes: Analysis of pooled data from the SemaglUtide Real‐world Evidence (SURE) programme
Authors: Yale Jean‐François , Major‐Pedersen Atheline , Catarig Andrei‐Mircea , Jain Rashmi , Menzen Markus , Holmes Patrick 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate, through post hoc analysis of nine studies from the SemaglUtide Real‐world Evidence (SURE) programme, the safety of once‐weekly (OW) semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in subpopulations in routine clinical practice, complementing findings from the phase 3 randomized clinical trial (RCT) SUSTAIN programme.MethodsThe SURE studies had a duration of ~30 weeks and included adults with diagnosed T2D treated with OW semaglutide. Safety information, including hypoglycaemic events, were collected and analysed for the total study population and for patient subgroups based on baseline patient characteristics, baseline co‐medication and prescriber specialty.ResultsOf the total 3505 patients, 24.3% reported adverse events (AEs), with most patients reporting non‐serious (22.3%) and mild (17.1%) AEs. AEs mainly belonged to the gastrointestinal disorders system organ class (16.3% of patients). In total, 5.1% of patients reported AEs that led to treatment discontinuation, 0.5% reported serious adverse drug reactions and 0.2% had an AE with a fatal outcome, reported as unrelated to treatment. Overall, 1.1% and 0.1% of patients reported level 2 and 3 hypoglycaemic events, respectively. A higher rate of level 2 hypoglycaemia was observed in patients with baseline microvascular complications treated with insulin versus those on insulin without these complications.ConclusionsSafety data reported in the real‐world SURE studies were generally consistent with observations in phase 3 OW semaglutide RCTs. No new safety concerns were identified, highlighting that OW semaglutide is well tolerated by adults with T2D and in subpopulations in routine clinical practice.
Attenuation of brown adipocyte whitening in high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats: Effects of melatonin and β‐hydroxybutyrate on Cidea, Fsp27 and MT1 expression
Authors: Maleki Mohammad Hasan , Khakshournia Sara , Heydarnia Emad , Omidi Fateme , Taghizadeh Motahareh , Zeynolabedinzadeh Mahroo , Akbari Mohammadarian , Vakili Omid , Shafiee Sayed Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and melatonin on brown adipose tissue (BAT) plasticity in rats fed a high‐fat diet (HFD).MethodsWe employed a 7‐week experimental design for a study on 30 male Sprague–Dawley rats divided into five groups: (1) a control‐diet fed group; (2) a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed group; (3) a group that received an HFD and a BHB solution in their drinking water; (4) a group that received an HFD with 10 mg/kg/day melatonin in their drinking water; and (5) a group that received an HFD and were also treated with the combination of BHB and melatonin. Following the treatment period, biochemical indices, gene expression levels of key thermogenic markers (including uncoupling protein 1 [UCP1], PR domain containing 16 [PRDM16], Cidea, fat‐specific protein 27 [Fsp27], and metallothionein 1 [MT1]), and stereological assessments of BAT were evaluated.ResultsTreatment with BHB and melatonin significantly boosted blood ketone levels, improved lipid profiles, and reduced weight gain from an HFD. It also downregulated genes linked to WAT, namely, Cidea and Fsp27, and upregulated key BAT markers, including UCP1, PRDM16 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator‐1‐alpha. Additionally, the co‐treatment increased MT1 receptor expression and enhanced the structural density of BAT.ConclusionThe combined oral administration of BHB and melatonin successfully prevented the whitening of BAT in obese rats fed an HFD, indicating its potential as a therapeutic strategy for obesity‐related BAT dysfunction. The synergistic effects of this treatment underscore the potential of a combined approach to address BAT dysfunction in obesity.
Assessing the success of National Human Rights Action Plans from a political economy perspective: The case of Chile
Authors: Fajardo‐Heyward Paola , Cuesta Jose 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMotivationNational Human Rights Action Plans (NHRAPs) turn state commitments to human rights into policy. Despite their widespread implementation internationally, they remain little studied and there is limited consensus as to their effectiveness.PurposeThis article addresses this by using a political economy model to develop a framework to evaluate the success of NHRAPs. Within this framework it is argued that capacity, political structure, and political consensus are key drivers in the design and implementation of NHRAPs. We hypothesize that a country is likely to design and effectively use an NHRAP in policy‐making if at least these three requirements are met: (1) they are built on political consensus; (2) their perceived political benefits exceed their costs; and (3) governments have adequate resources to design and implement them.Approach and methodsWe evaluate this hypothesis using Chile as a case study. In 2016, Chile enacted a national law mandating NHRAPs. Since then, the country has adopted two NHRAPs: one spanning 2018–2021 and another covering 2022–2025.FindingsNone of the three stipulated requirements were met in Chile. There was deep polarization rather than consensus building; the political costs of implementing an NHRAP exceeded the benefits; and key government bodies in Chile lacked the personnel and mandate to implement NHRAPs.Policy implicationsThis study advances our understanding of the nuances of designing public policies for human rights, and the complex political costs associated with them. Unless political actors are committed to investing political capital and resources, it is unlikely that these plans will succeed. Our political economy framework can be replicated across multiple national action plans, countries, and contexts. Future studies can identify contributing conditions that can mitigate political costs, increasing the likelihood of the success of these plans.
COVID‐19 vaccine adverse events: Evaluating the pathophysiology with an emphasis on sulfur metabolism and endotheliopathy
Authors: du Preez Heidi N. , Lin Johnson , Maguire Glenn E. M. , Aldous Colleen , Kruger Hendrik G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this narrative review, we assess the pathophysiology of severe adverse events that presented after vaccination with DNA and mRNA vaccines against COVID‐19. The focus is on the perspective of an undersulfated and degraded glycocalyx, considering its impact on immunomodulation, inflammatory responses, coagulation and oxidative stress. The paper explores various factors that lead to glutathione and inorganic sulfate depletion and their subsequent effect on glycocalyx sulfation and other metabolites, including hormones. Components of COVID‐19 vaccines, such as DNA and mRNA material, spike protein antigen and lipid nanoparticles, are involved in possible cytotoxic effects. The common thread connecting these adverse events is endotheliopathy or glycocalyx degradation, caused by depleted glutathione and inorganic sulfate levels, shear stress from circulating nanoparticles, aggregation and formation of protein coronas; leading to imbalanced immune responses and chronic release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, ultimately resulting in oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. By understanding the underlying pathophysiology of severe adverse events, better treatment options can be explored.
Transitional photoperiod induces a mania‐like behavior in male mice
Authors: Barbosa Mayara Rodrigues , Costa Ellyda Fernanda Lopes , Coimbra Daniel Gomes , Pinto Vinícius Tenório Braga Cavalcante , Gitaí Daniel Leite Góes , Duzzioni Marcelo , Crespo Manuel Tomás , Golombek Diego Andrés , Chiesa Juan José , Agostino Patricia Verónica , de Andrade Tiago Gomes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the behavioral responses and circadian rhythms of mice to both rapid and gradual increases in photoperiod, mimicking the transition from winter to summer, which is associated with a heightened prevalence of hospitalizations for mania and suicidal behavior. Behavioral tests were performed in C57BL/6 male mice exposed to a transitional photoperiod, from short to long durations. To determine if circadian rhythms are affected, we measured spontaneous locomotor activity and body temperature. Mice exhibited heightened exploratory and risk‐taking behaviors compared with equatorial and static long (16:8 h of light–dark cycle for several days) groups. These behaviors were prevented by lithium. Spontaneous locomotor activity and body temperature rhythms persisted and were effectively synchronized; however, the relative amplitude of activity and interdaily stability were diminished. Additionally, the animals displayed increased activity during the light phase. Photoperiodic transition modulates behavior and circadian rhythms, mirroring certain features observed in bipolar disorder patients. This study introduces an animal model for investigating mania‐like behavior induced by photoperiodic changes, offering potential insights for suicide prevention strategies and the management of mood disorders.