bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital of East Delhi
Authors: Sagar T , Singh NP , Kashyap B , Kaur IR 
Published: September 2013

Background and Objective:
Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is resistant to both isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). It is caused by selection of resistant mutant strains due to inadequate treatment and poor compliance. MDR-TB is a major public health problem as the treatment is complicated, cure rates are well below those for drug susceptible tuberculosis and patient remains infectious for months despite receiving the best available therapy. The drug susceptibility pattern of M. tuberculosis is essential for proper control of MDR-TB in every health care setting, hence the study was initiated with the aim of studying the prevalence of MDR-TB in patients attending a tertiary care hospital in east Delhi.

Materials and Methods:
Five hundred and forty-three pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples from suspected cases of tuberculosis received in the mycobacteriology laboratory from November 2009 through October 2010 were investigated for M. tuberculosis. All the samples were subjected to direct microscopic examination for demonstration of acid fast bacilli followed by culture on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium to isolate M. tuberculosis. Identification was done by conventional biochemical methods. Drug susceptibility of isolated M. tuberculosis strains was done by conventional 1% proportion method followed by sequencing of RIF resistant isolates to detect mutations to confirm resistance.

Results and Conclusions:

M. tuberculosis was isolated from 75 out of 543 suspected cases of pulmonary/extrapulmonary TB. Three of the total 75 M. tuberculosis isolates (4%) showed resistance to any one of the first line drugs. Prevalence of MDR-TB was 1.3%. The sequencing of single MDR strain showed mutations at codons 516, 517, and 518. Amplification of rpoB and sequential analysis of the amplicon is a better way of detection of mutation and the evidence of new mutation in this study indicate that mutations continue to arise, probably due to the ability of M. tuberculosis to adapt to drug exposure.
Course of insight in manic episode
Authors: Kumar A , Kumar S , Khan NM , Mishra S 
Published: September 2013

Background:
Insight is an important factor associated with non compliance and poor outcome. Poor level of insight has been described as a characteristic in patients with acute bipolar disorder with more unawareness in social consequences with increasing severity in manic episode.

Aim:
Main aim of study was to see the baseline and longitudinal relationship between dimensions of insight with improvement in psychopathology.

Setting and Design:
Forty four patients diagnosed with mania, were selected from an inpatient setting at Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, Agra with mean age of 31.07(±9.00) years. They were assessed at base line and were followed up weekly or psychopathology and insight.

Materials and Methods:
The Young's mania rating scale for psychopathology and insight was assessed on three dimensions of SUMD.

Results:
Twenty five patients eventually completed the study. There was a positive correlation with global insight and with psychopathology consistent in longitudinal follow-up (P<0.05), but not correlating for awareness for achieved effect of medication and social consequences. Linear regression showed a positive relationship at the first and second week of assessment of SUMD and YMRS scores (P=0.001; 0.019).

Conclusion:
Improvement in insight is graded in a manic episode as compared to psychopathology. There is slower improvement in awareness of social consequences of mental disorder. It means that improvement in psychopathology may not necessarily indicate remission and need further supervision to improve insight and hence monitoring.
Global patterns of seasonal variation in gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Fares A 
Published: September 2013

Objectives:
This study reviewed previous studies to explore the global patterns of seasonal variation in gastrointestinal diseases.

Study Design and Methods:
A series of systematic literature reviews were undertaken to identify studies reporting seasonal and monthly data on clinical onset or relapse of gastrointestinal diseases (Acute pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, Peptic ulcer diseases (PUD), gastroesophageal reflux disease, colon cancer and colonic diverticulitis). Thirty-two primary studies (published 1970-2012) from 17 countries were identified.

Results:
Upon review of the evidence, it appears that the seasonal peaks of PUD are most prominent in colder months while the peak of incidence rate of Crohn diseases in most of the countries subjects were found during the spring and summer seasons. Seasonal trend in the onset of acute pancreatitis exhibits a summer peak in some countries. There were no clearly seasonal peaks noted for the ulcerative colitis.

Conclusions:
Future experimental and observational studies should consider how the environmental factors (infection, cold, air pollution etc.) or other triggers (dietary habit, alcohol consumption) promotes or hinders such diseases.
A Review of Hypodontia: Classification, Prevalence, Etiology, Associated Anomalies, Clinical Implications and Treatment Options
Authors: AlQarni Mohammed Ali , Togoo Rafi A , AlShahrani Ibrahim 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTA retrospective review of literature was carried out to determine the classification, prevalence, etiology, associated anomalies, clinical implications and treatment options for hypodontia. Many methods of classification have been reported in the literature. Some researchers have classified hypodontia as isolated family form or as an inherited form; others have defined the congenital absence of teeth according to the number of missing teeth and yet classified hypodontia according to the severity of the condition. The prevalence of hypodontia in the primary dentition is found to be very low whereas the occurrence of tooth agenesis varies in the permanent dentition based on ethnic and sex differences. The tooth most commonly found to be missing is the third molar. With regard to the remaining 28 teeth, metaanalysis has revealed that the teeth most commonly affected are the mandibular second premolars, maxillary lateral incisors, maxillary second premolars and the mandibular incisors. From the literature it is evident that the etiology of hypodontia is varied and that genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors may be contributory factors. Tooth anomalies reported in the literature to be associated with hypodontia, include microdontia, canine impaction, taurodontism, transposition and rotation of teeth, and hypoplastic alveolar bone. Researchers have suggested that clinical management of hypodontia requires careful multidisciplinary planning and has financial implications. The suggested members of the team should include general dental practitioners, dental nurses, orthodontists, pediatric dentists, prosthodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, specialist laboratory technicians, clinical psychologists, clinical geneticists, dermatologists, speech and language therapists.How to cite this articleAlShahrani I, Togoo RA, AlQarni MA. A Review of Hypodontia: Classification, Prevalence, Etiology, Associated Anomalies, Clinical Implications and Treatment Options. World J Dent 2013;4(2):117-125.
Maxillary Sinus Functions and Complications with Lateral Window and Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation Procedures Followed by Dental Implants Placement: A Retrospective Study in 60 Patients
Authors: Al-Almaie Saad , Kavarodi Abdul Majeed , Faidhi Abdullah Al 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of the study was to evaluate retrospectively maxillary sinus functions and complications by using generally accepted diagnostic criteria with lateral window and osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) procedures followed by dental implants placement.Materials and methodsA group of 60 patients in whom a SFE with the two procedures (lateral window and OSFE) followed by dental implants placement had been performed were evaluated retrospectively for sinus functions and complications from the time of procedure up to 24 months using a questionnaire, conventional clinical and radiographic examination.ResultsNumber of patients suffered dizziness accompanied by nausea immediately after OSFE was more than the lateral window procedure and the symptoms disappeared within 2 to 4 weeks. Maxillary sinus membrane perforations occurred and small for 4 out of 79 procedures, two cases for OSFE and two for lateral window procedure had been repaired. No more complications had been detected for all the patients up to 24 months.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, SFE with lateral window and osteotome procedures followed by dental implants placement did not interfere with maxillary sinus function and no obvious complications had been detected up to 24 months.Clinical significanceThe clinician performs SFE with either lateral window or osteotome procedures needs to understand the difficulties and morbidity arising in the event of complications and must be able to correctly judge the individual risk and the presence of modifying factors that may cause these complications.How to cite this articleAl-Almaie S, Kavarodi AM, Al Faidhi A. Maxillary Sinus Functions and Complications with Lateral Window and Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation Procedures Followed by Dental Implants Placement: A Retrospective Study in 60 Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(3):405-413.
Histometric Study of Resorption on Replanted Teeth with Enamel Matrix-derived Protein
Authors: de Oliveira Marcelo Tomas , Bentregani Luiz Guilherme , Pasternak Braulio , Cancelier Fabio Dagostin , de Jesus Diego Rocha , Molina Gustavo Otoboni 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Background
Enamel matrix-derived proteins (Emdogain) stimulate the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells, contributing to their regeneration.

Aim
This study was to perform histometric assessment of root surface resorption in replanted teeth with the use of Emdogain®.

Materials and methods
Male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), weighing 180 to 200 gm, were anesthetized, subjected to extraction of the upper right incisor tooth, which was then replanted into the alveoli with the following treatment: (a) control group - tooth with root canal filled with calcium hydroxide paste and (b) treated group - tooth with root canal filled with enamel matrix-derived protein. The animals were sacrificed 25 days after tooth replantation. The maxilla was processed to obtain thin sections (6 ì) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The resorption volume percentage of each dental element was calculated from the cementoenamel junction to the apex.

Results
Quantification of resorption revealed that Emdogaintreated teeth showed a lower percentage of resorption (31.58%) compared to controls (80.48%) (statistically significant values – t-test p-value = 0.0431).

Conclusion
It was concluded that Emdogain used as root canal filling has properties capable of showing a lower percentage of resorption in replanted teeth.

How to cite this article
de Oliveira MT, Bentregani LG, Pasternak B, Cancelier FD, de Jesus DR, Molina GO. Histometric Study of Resorption on Replanted Teeth with Enamel Matrix-derived Protein. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(3):468-472.
The Effect of Eugenol-Free Temporary Cement's Remnants on Retention of Full Metal Crowns: Comparative Study
Authors: Badrian Hamid , Sabouhi Mahmoud , Nosouhian Saeid , Davoudi Amin , Nourbakhshian Farzaneh , Nabe Fatemeh Naderi 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of eugenol-free temporary cement's remnants on the retentive strength of full metal crowns luted via zinc phosphate and resin cement (Maxcem) to the tooth structure.

Materials and methods
Forty complete standardized Ni-Cr crowns in four groups were cemented by two types of permanent cements: zinc phosphate cement and resin cement (Maxcem). In the two groups before permanent cementation of crowns, temporary acrylic crowns were cemented by eugenol-free temporary cement. Crowns¡¦ retention was evaluated by Universal testing machine. All data were analyzed by means of one-way ANOVA test in SPSS software version 11.5 (α = 0.05).

Results
There was no significant difference in groups with prior using eugenol-free temporary cement and groups with just using two permanents cement (p-value ≥ 0.05).

Discussion
The application of temporary cement before permanent cementation of full metal crowns does not have any adverse effect on retention of full metal crowns, when temporary cements are removed properly.

How to cite this article
Sabouhi M, Nosouhian S, Davoudi A, Nourbakhshian F, Badrian H, Nabe FN. The Effect of Eugenol- Free Temporary Cement's Remnants on Retention of Full Metal Crowns: Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14(3):473-477.
Measuring Limb Length Discrepancy Using Pelvic Radiographs: The Most Reproducible Method
Authors: Heaver Catriona , St Mart Jean-Pierre , Nightingale Peter , Sinha Aabha , Davis Edward T. 
Published: September 2013

Leg length inequality following total hip replacement remains common. In an effort to reduce this occurrence, surgeons undertake pre-operative measurements, templating and use various forms of intraoperative measurements, including computer navigation. This study aims to delineate which measurement technique is most appropriate for measuring leg length inequality from a pelvic radiograph. Three observers took a total of 9600 measurements from 100 pelvic radiographs. Four lines were constructed on each of the radiographs, bisecting the acetabular teardrops, ischial spines, inferior sacroiliac joint and inferior obturator foramen. Measurements were taken from these lines to the most prominent medial point on the lesser trochanter and to the tip of the greater trochanter. The effect of pelvic positioning was also assessed using radiographs of a synthetic pelvis and femur. Intra-observer and inter-observer variability were calculated. Measuring from the inferior aspect of the ischial tuberosities to the most prominent medial point on the lesser trochanter appears to be the best method for measuring LLD however large error margin still exist, even when corrected for magnification errors.
Group Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Rikkou‐Kalourkoti Maria , Webster Owen W. , Patrickios Costas S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Group transfer polymerization (GTP) is a type of “quasi‐living” oxyanionic polymerization with enolate active species, best suited for methacrylates, but also well suited for acrylates, acrylamides, and methacrylamides. Silyl ketene acetals are suitable initiators, whereas nucleophiles (fluorides, bifluorides, oxyanions, bioxyanions, and, more recently,
N
‐heterocyclic carbenes and phosphines) most usually serve as GTP catalysts; electrophiles (Lewis acids) can also be used for catalyzing GTP (mainly for acrylates). With the advantages of operability at ambient temperature, fast polymerization reaction (monomer conversion usually completed within 5–10 min) and facile preparation of block copolymers, GTP was the method of choice for the preparation of a large number of functional polymeric materials in the 1990s, before the development and broad acceptance of controlled radical polymerization methods. GTP is currently used for the industrial synthesis of aqueous dispersing agents for pigmented ink for jet printers. These agents are based on ABC triblock terpolymer oligomers with one hydrophobic anchoring block, and two hydrophilic stabilizing blocks, a neutral one for steric stabilization and an ionizable one for electrostatic stabilization. Another area where GTP has recently been used extensively was the preparation of well‐defined functional polymer networks for subsequent basic (nonindustrial) physicochemical studies.
Expert Consensus on Best Practices for Post–Acute Rehabilitation After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Canada and United States Delphi Study
Authors: Westby Marie D. , Brittain Asuko , Backman Catherine L. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo synthesize professional and patient expertise with available evidence to recommend best practices for post–acute rehabilitation following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsTwo expert panels of clinicians, researchers, and patients from Canada and the US participated in a 3‐round, online Delphi survey.ResultsConsensus was reached on 22 THA and 24 TKA best practice key statements. Recommendations common to both procedures included the need for supervised rehabilitation interventions provided by trained health professionals early after discharge from the acute care setting to optimize patient outcomes. Personal and environmental contextual factors were identified as influencing the process and outcomes of THA and TKA rehabilitation. Routine outcome assessment was recommended and several standardized outcome tools identified. Short‐term followup care in the first 2 years postsurgery was recommended for both procedures. Specifics on timing, rehabilitation providers, need for long‐term followup, and interventions differed for THA and TKA. Some recommendations received different levels of support based on the type of panelist (patient, physical therapist, surgeon), professional role (clinician, researcher), and/or country.ConclusionA rigorous consensus method led to key recommendations for post–acute rehabilitation after primary THA and TKA for OA, which together with available evidence and acknowledgment of contextual factors will inform the development of clinical practice guidelines. This is an important step toward reducing practice variation, closing the evidence–practice gap, and improving the quality of rehabilitation services after THA and TKA.
Patient–Rheumatologist Communication Concerning Prescription Medications: Getting to the Gist
Authors: Blalock Susan J. , Slota Catherine , DeVellis Brenda M. , DeVellis Robert F. , Chewning Betty , Jonas Beth L. , Sleath Betsy L. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveFuzzy trace theory was used to develop a coding scheme that captures the gist that patients extract from information about medication risks and benefits and to explore the extent to which different patients extract different gist representations from the same information.MethodsData were collected from 2003–2007 in a study that included audiotape recording office visits that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients had with their rheumatologists. Each patient (n = 365) had up to 3 visits audiotape recorded. The audiotapes were transcribed to facilitate content analysis. Four patients with RA who did not participate in the original study guided development of the coding scheme and used it to code the transcripts.ResultsThe coding scheme contains 14 gist themes centering on medication effectiveness, need, and safety. There was considerable variation among the gist coders in the specific themes they extracted from individual transcripts. We observed the greatest intercoder agreement for the 4 gist theme variables related to whether the rheumatologist wanted to make changes to the medication regimen. Furthermore, the coders rarely used the “not clear” category to code these 4 variables. In contrast, intercoder agreement for the remaining gist themes, which were designed to capture issues central to the communication of information about medication risks and benefits, was low and the “not clear” category was used more frequently.ConclusionOur study findings suggest that different people exposed to the same information may form different gist representations. Patient–provider communication concerning medication risks and benefits might be enhanced by better understanding the factors that influence the gist extraction process.
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance‐Enhanced Two‐Photon Excited Ultraviolet Emission of Au‐Decorated ZnO Nanorod Arrays
Authors: Lin Yi , Xu Chunxiang , Li Jitao , Zhu Gangyi , Xu Xiaoyong , Dai Jun , Wang Baoping 
Published: September 2013

ZnO nanorod arrays and their Au‐decorated counterparts are fabricated. The two‐photon excited ultraviolet emissions of these two samples are studied by selecting different excitation wavelengths according to the localized surface plamsmon resonance (LSPR) position of Au nanoparticles (NPs). It is found that the two‐photon excitation threshold of Au‐decorated ZnO sample is much lower than that of the as‐grown sample under an excitation corresponding to the LSPR absorption of Au NPs, such as 520 nm. Under the same excitation power, the UV emission intensity is strongly enhanced after the Au NPs are assembled on the surfaces of ZnO nanorods. This improvement is attributed to a strong local field enhancement generated by the LSPR of Au NPs. Experiments demonstrate that the resonant process depends on the excitation wavelength near or far from the LSPR peak of Au NPs. These studies provide direct evidence for the mechanism of LSPR‐enhanced UV emission of ZnO, and are helpful to design proper metal–semiconductor nanostructures with high luminescence efficiency.
Ruthenium/1,1′‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene‐Catalysed Oppenauer Oxidation of Alcohols and Lactonisation of α,ω‐Diols using Methyl Isobutyl Ketone as Oxidant
Authors: Nicklaus Céline M. , Phua Pim Huat , Buntara Teddy , Noel Sebastien , Heeres Hero J. , de Vries Johannes G. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA number of ruthenium catalysts, made in situ from [Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2]2 and various monodentate and bidentate phosphorus ligands were screened in the double Oppenauer oxidation of 1,6‐hexanediol to caprolactone using methyl isobutyl ketone as oxidant and potassium carbonate as base. The catalyst based on 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphinyl)ferrocene gave this lactone in excellent yield. The same catalyst was evaluated for the oxidation of other diols to their lactones, of primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and of secondary alcohols to the ketones under the same reaction conditions. The products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.magnified image
First Tandem Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Alkenyl Nucleophiles and Silyl Trapping of the Intermediate Enolates
Authors: Westmeier Johannes , Pfaff Christopher , Siewert Jürgen , von Zezschwitz Paultheo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe tandem asymmetric conjugate addition of alkyl or aryl groups to enones and subsequent silyl trapping has already been achieved and yields valuable silyl enol ethers. Herein, the first method for the respective addition of alkenyl groups is reported, which is based on a rhodium(I)‐catalyzed addition of readily available alkenylzirconocenes. As prerequisite for silyl trapping, the initially formed enolates have to be transmetalated from zirconium to lithium by treatment with methyllithium prior to addition of the silyl chloride. Starting from 5‐ to 7‐membered cycloalkenones, the respective silyl enol ethers were obtained in excellent yields and ≥93% ee; an acyclic substrate furnished a moderate enantioselectivity. Besides trimethylsilyl chloride, the silylation was also performed with tert‐butyldimethylsilyl chloride, and the synthetic scope was evaluated by employing five different alkenyl groups. Moreover, the mechanism of this sequence was elucidated by 1H NMR studies, and the efficiency of catalyst control was exemplified by synthesis of a cis‐3,5‐disubstituted cyclohexanone which, due to strong substrate control, cannot be obtained by copper‐catalyzed conjugate addition.magnified image