bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PCR‐based prevalence of a fatal reovirus of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun) along the northern Atlantic coast of the USA
Authors: Flowers E M , Simmonds K , Messick G A , Sullivan L , Schott E J 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThere is a need for more information on the relationship between diseases and fluctuations of wild populations of marine animals. In the case of Callinectes sapidus reovirus 1 (CsRV1, also known as RLV), there is a lack of baseline information on range, prevalence and outbreaks, from which to develop an understanding of population‐level impacts. An RT‐qPCR assay was developed that is capable of detecting 10 copies of the CsRV1 genome. In collaboration with state, federal and academic partners, blue crabs were collected from sites throughout the north‐eastern United States to assess the northern range of this pathogen. In addition, archived crab samples from the Chesapeake Bay were assessed for CsRV1 by RT‐qPCR and histology. PCR‐based assessments indicate that CsRV1 was present at all but one site. Prevalence of CsRV1 as assessed by RT‐qPCR was highly variable between locations, and CsRV1 prevalence varied between years at a given location. Mean CsRV1 prevalence as assessed by RT‐qPCR was >15% each year, and peak prevalence was 79%. The wide geographic range and highly variable prevalence of CsRV1 indicate that more study is needed to understand CsRV1 dynamics and the role the virus plays in blue crab natural mortality.
The White Diet is preferred, better tolerated, and non‐inferior to a clear‐fluid diet for bowel preparation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Butt Joshua , Bunn Cate , Paul Eldho , Gibson Peter , Brown Gregor 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:Dietary restrictions contribute to the unpleasantness of bowel preparation for colonoscopy. We compare the effectiveness and tolerability of a low residue diet of white‐colored foods (“White Diet”) with a clear‐fluid diet the day prior to colonoscopy in an endoscopist‐blinded randomized non‐inferiority trial.Methods:Adults undergoing outpatient colonoscopy were randomized with stratification by procedure timing to a White Diet or clear‐fluid diet. All received a 2‐L polyethylene glycol lavage solution with ascorbate, sodium sulfate, and electrolytes, the day‐before for morning and as a split‐dose for afternoon procedures. The primary end‐point was successful bowel preparation (A or B on the Harefield Cleansing Scale). Regimen tolerance/acceptance was assessed by questionnaire. An intention‐to‐treat analysis with a predefined non‐inferiority margin of 15% was used to compare efficacy.Results:A total of 226 patients (average age 52 years, 51% male) were randomized (111 clear diet, 115 White Diet). Bowel preparation was successful in 91% on the clear‐fluid diet vs 84.4% on the White Diet, difference being −6.6% (lower one sided 95% CI −13.8%), with no difference according to diet. The split‐dose regimen (in 55%) had a higher success rate than day‐before regimen (96% vs 80%, p < 0.001). The White Diet was preferred with less hunger and interference with daily activities (p < 0.001). Procedural/withdrawal time and polyp/adenoma detection were similar between groups.Conclusions:The White Diet was preferred and better tolerated by patients without detriment to the success of bowel preparation or colonoscopy performance, especially with the split‐dose regimen.
Construction Materials from Stainless Steel Slags: Technical Aspects, Environmental Benefits, and Economic Opportunities
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Dubois Maarten , Maria Andrea Di , Van Acker Karel , Van Balen Koenraad 
Published: August 2015

SummaryState‐of‐the‐art technologies that implement theindustrial ecology concept only make it to the market if environmental gains and economic benefits are significant. Therefore, the article investigates, in an interdisciplinary way, two innovative technologies that valorize stainless steel (SS) slags as block masonry (bricks): carbonation and thermo‐alkali‐activation. The technical, environmental, and economic features of three SS bricks—solid bricks, perforated bricks, and lightweight aerated blocks—are compared to commercially available construction materials. Although the produced bricks meet industrial standards, technical challenges, such as optimization of alkali addition and use of metal molds, should be dealt with before upscaling to industrial production. A cradle‐to‐gate life cycle assessment that aggregates the results of the various impact categories shows that the environmental impact of solid and perforated SS bricks is lower than the impact of conventional clay‐baked bricks owing to the avoidance of additives for slag stabilization and energy consumption for sintering clay. The impact of aerated SS bricks was found to be similar to the commercially available aerated blocks. More specifically, the carbon dioxide uptake from carbonation reduces the overall environmental impact, whereas use of alkalis increases the impact. A strengths weaknesses opportunity threats analysis highlights the economic advantages of SS bricks originating from lower energy requirements, reduced dependence on primary resources, and improved metal recovery from slag. However, in order to apply the innovative technologies at industrial scale, challenges related to processing conditions, feedstock variability, and potential competition from existing brick suppliers have to be overcome.
Capturing and displaying microscopic images used in medical diagnostics and forensic science using 4K video resolution – an application in higher education
Authors: MAIER HANS , de HEER GERT , ORTAC AJDA , KUIJTEN JAN 
Published: August 2015

SummaryTo analyze, interpret and evaluate microscopic images, used in medical diagnostics and forensic science, video images for educational purposes were made with a very high resolution of 4096 × 2160 pixels (4K), which is four times as many pixels as High‐Definition Video (1920 × 1080 pixels). The unprecedented high resolution makes it possible to see details that remain invisible to any other video format. The images of the specimens (blood cells, tissue sections, hair, fibre, etc.) are recorded using a 4K video camera which is attached to a light microscope. After processing, this resulted in very sharp and highly detailed images. This material was then used in education for classroom discussion. Spoken explanation by experts in the field of medical diagnostics and forensic science was also added to the high‐resolution video images to make it suitable for self‐study.
RISE OF THE FIDUCIARY STATE: A SURVEY OF SOVEREIGN WEALTH FUND RESEARCH
Authors: Megginson William L. , Fotak Veljko 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe survey the literature documenting the rise of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs), which, with assets under management of over $5.4 trillion at year‐end 2014, are a major force in global finance. Research papers have analyzed the evolution of SWFs from stabilization funds to stand‐alone wealth management funds; we both survey this research and show that more than 25 countries have launched or proposed new SWFs since January 2008. The most salient and controversial feature of SWFs is that they are state‐owned; we survey the existing literature on state ownership and discuss what this predicts about the efficiency and beneficence of government control of SWF assets. We discuss the documented importance of SWF funding sources (oil sales revenues versus excess reserves from export earnings) and survey the normative literature describing how SWFs should allocate funds. We then summarize the empirical literature studying how SWFs actually do allocate funds—across asset classes, geographically, and across industries. We document that most SWF equity investments in publicly traded firms involve cross‐border purchases of sizeable minority stakes (median around 20%) in target firms, with a strong preference for investments in the financial sector. Next, we assess empirical studies examining the impact of SWF stock investments on target firm financial and operating performance, and find universal support for a positive announcement period stock price increase of 1–3%. This, however, is significantly lower than the 5% abnormal return documented for stock purchases by comparable privately owned financial investors in recent studies, indicating a “sovereign wealth fund discount.” We conclude by summarizing the lessons of SWF research and pointing out unresolved issues.
THE CREATION AND DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Zanello Giacomo , Fu Xiaolan , Mohnen Pierre , Ventresca Marc 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, we review the literature on the creation and diffusion of innovation in the private sectors (industry and services) in developing countries. In particular, we collect evidence on what are the barriers to innovation creation and diffusion and the channels of innovation diffusion to and within developing countries. We find that innovation in developing countries is about creation or adoption of new ideas and technologies; but the capacity for innovation is embedded in and constituted by dynamics between geographical, socio‐economic, political and legal subsystems. We contextualize the findings from the review in the current theoretical framework of diffusion of innovations, and we emphasize how the institutional context typical of developing countries impacts the diffusion itself.
Internal Capital Markets in Business Groups: Evidence from the Asian Financial Crisis
Authors: ALMEIDA HEITOR , KIM CHANG‐SOO , KIM HWANKI BRIAN 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper examines capital reallocation among firms in Korean business groups () in the aftermath of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, and the consequences of this capital reallocation for the investment and performance of firms. We show that transferred cash from low‐growth to high‐growth member firms, using cross‐firm equity investments. This capital reallocation allowed chaebol firms with greater investment opportunities to invest more than control firms after the crisis. These firms also showed higher profitability and lower declines in valuation than control firms following the crisis. Our results suggest that chaebol internal capital markets helped them mitigate the negative effects of the Asian crisis on investment and performance.
Functional changes after early treatment of unilateral posterior cross‐bite associated with mandibular shift: a systematic review
Authors: Tsanidis N. , Antonarakis G. S. , Kiliaridis S. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe objective of this systematic review was to investigate whether oral functional asymmetry in children treated for unilateral functional posterior cross‐bite disappears after orthodontic treatment with a resulting normalisation of oral functions. A literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library to locate longitudinal studies reporting on clinical oral functional changes, recorded by methods including masseter muscle thickness, bite force, masticatory/chewing cycle or electromyographic masticatory muscle activity, following the treatment of unilateral functional posterior cross‐bite. All potential articles were initially screened according to their title and abstract, the full text of selected articles was evaluated, and the final study selection was made based on the pre‐defined criteria. Data extraction was subsequently carried out. The initial literature search identified 736 articles, with 12 articles fulfilling pre‐defined criteria. Although there was a lack of high‐quality prospective studies, based on the available evidence, results suggest that the abnormal masticatory cycle associated with functional posterior unilateral cross‐bite tends to normalise following early cross‐bite treatment. Masticatory muscle activity shows an increase after early functional unilateral posterior cross‐bite treatment, and this activity approaches normal levels. Insufficient evidence was available to conclude on maximal molar bite force or masticatory muscle thickness changes following early treatment of functional unilateral posterior cross‐bite. Results should be interpreted with caution due to the lack of high‐quality controlled studies. Well‐designed prospective studies with large patient samples and long‐term follow‐up are necessary before making reliable conclusions concerning change in functional asymmetry following unilateral functional posterior cross‐bite correction.
The pattern of lip cancer occurrence over the 1990–2011 period in public hospitals in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Domínguez‐Gordillo Adelaida , Esparza‐Gómez Germán , García‐Jiménez Belén , Cerero‐Lapiedra Rocío , Casado‐Gómez Inmaculada , Romero‐Lastra Patricia , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundSome regions of Spain along with Canada and Australia have the highest rates of lip cancer in the world. The objective of this study was to examine the trends in the pattern of occurrence of lip cancer in Madrid, Spain.MethodsData were extracted from the Central Tumour Registry of Madrid, between 1990 and 2011. Variables examined were age, sex, topographic and morphological location and tumour histology. Two consecutive periods, 1990–2001 and 2002–2011, were studied by descriptive and analytical methods, and the data from the two periods were statistically compared.ResultsA total of 881 cases were registered during the period 1990–2011. Comparing data between the two periods (1990–2001 and 2002–2011), subtle variations in age, histology and location were noted. Gender ratios remained constant. The mean age increased from 66.3 to 69.7 years (P < 0.05). In the second period, the histological distribution showed an increase in frequency of basal cell carcinoma, from 2.1% to 4.7%, while the frequency of squamous cell carcinomas remained constant. Basal cell carcinoma no longer predominantly occurred in women, decreasing from 80% to 21.1% (P < 0.001). The distribution by gender of squamous cell carcinoma had become more equal due an increase in its frequency in women (P < 0.001). Frequency of tumours on lip mucosa and commissure had increased between the two periods (P < 0.004).ConclusionsThe pattern of lip cancer reported to Public Hospitals of Madrid is changing: declining rates are noted since 2001–02. However, it is necessary to monitor these data to confirm the observed trends in future years.
Personality Correlates of Midlife Cardiometabolic Risk: The Explanatory Role of Higher‐Order Factors of the Five‐Factor Model
Authors: Dermody Sarah S. , Wright Aidan G. C. , Cheong JeeWon , Miller Karissa G. , Muldoon Matthew F. , Flory Janine D. , Gianaros Peter J. , Marsland Anna L. , Manuck Stephen B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVarying associations are reported between Five‐Factor Model (FFM) personality traits and cardiovascular disease risk. Here, we further examine dispositional correlates of cardiometabolic risk within a hierarchical model of personality that proposes higher‐order traits of Stability (shared variance of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, inverse Neuroticism) and Plasticity (Extraversion, Openness), and we test hypothesized mediation via biological and behavioral factors. In an observational study of 856 community volunteers aged 30–54 years (46% male, 86% Caucasian), latent variable FFM traits (using multiple‐informant reports) and aggregated cardiometabolic risk (indicators: insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, adiposity) were estimated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The cardiometabolic factor was regressed on each personality factor or higher‐order trait. Cross‐sectional indirect effects via systemic inflammation, cardiac autonomic control, and physical activity were tested. CFA models confirmed the Stability “meta‐trait,” but not Plasticity. Lower Stability was associated with heightened cardiometabolic risk. This association was accounted for by inflammation, autonomic function, and physical activity. Among FFM traits, only Openness was associated with risk over and above Stability, and, unlike Stability, this relationship was unexplained by the intervening variables. A Stability meta‐trait covaries with midlife cardiometabolic risk, and this association is accounted for by three candidate biological and behavioral factors.
Preparation and characterization of spray-dried co-amorphous drug–amino acid salts
Authors: Jensen Katrine Tarp , Blaabjerg Lasse Ingerslev , Lenz Elisabeth , Bohr Adam , Grohganz Holger , Kleinebudde Peter , Rades Thomas , Löbmann Korbinian 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Recently, co-amorphous drug–amino acid mixtures were introduced as a promising alternative to other amorphous stabilization approaches such as the use of polymers to form glass solutions. So far, these co-amorphous mixtures have been mainly prepared via vibrational ball milling on a lab scale. In this study, spray-drying was investigated as a scale up preparation method for co-amorphous indomethacin (IND)–amino acid mixtures. In addition, the physico-chemical properties of the different co-amorphous systems were investigated with respect to the amino acids' ability towards co-amorphous salt formation.

Methods
The mixtures were characterized for their solid state properties using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray powder diffraction. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze molecular interactions. Furthermore, intrinsic dissolution behaviour, and physical stability at various storage conditions, were examined.

Key findings
Results showed that IND could be converted into an amorphous form in combination with the amino acids arginine (ARG), histidine (HIS) and lysine (LYS) by spray-drying. Solid state characterization revealed elevated glass transition temperatures for all mixtures compared with the pure amorphous drug due to co-amorphization with the amino acids. Furthermore, strong intermolecular interactions in the form of salt/partial salt formation between the drug and amino acids were seen for all blends. All mixtures were physically stable (&gt;10 months) at room temperature and 40°C under dry conditions. Intrinsic dissolution of the co-amorphous mixtures showed an improved dissolution behaviour under intestinal pH conditions for IND–ARG compared with the crystalline and amorphous forms of the drug. On the other hand, IND–LYS and IND–HIS revealed no significant improvement in the intrinsic dissolution rate of IND due to recrystallization of IND during dissolution.

Conclusions
It could be shown that strong intermolecular interactions between drug and co-amorphous coformer that persist during the dissolution are crucial to prevent recrystallization and to enhance dissolution of a co-amorphous formulation.
Energy requirements for growth of pubertal female Saanen goats
Authors: Figueiredo F. O. M. , Berchielli T. T. , Resende K. T. , Gomes H. F. B. , Almeida A. K. , Sakomura N. K. , Teixeira I. A. M. A. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryPrevious research on energy requirements of female Saanen goats, using the factorial approach, has not considered the specific requirements for maintenance and growth during the pubertal phase. Thus, the purpose of this study was to estimate energy requirements for maintenance (Trial 1) and growth (Trial 2) of non‐pregnant and non‐lactating female Saanen goats at the pubertal phase from 30 to 45 kg. In Trial 1, the net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm) were estimated using 18 female Saanen goats randomly assigned to three levels of intake: ad libitum, and 70% and 40% of ad libitum intake. These animals were pair‐fed in six slaughter groups, each consisting of one animal for each level of intake. In Trial 2, the net energy requirements for growth (NEg) were estimated using 18 female Saanen goats, which were fed ad libitum and slaughtered at targeted BW of 30, 38 and 45 kg. The NEm was 52 kcal/kg0.75 of BW. The NEg increased from 3.5 to 4.7 Mcal/kg of BW gain as BW increased from 30 to 45 kg. Our results suggest that the guidelines of the major feeding systems for the entire growth phase may not be adequate for females at pubertal phase.
Heat stress effects on livestock: molecular, cellular and metabolic aspects, a review
Authors: Belhadj Slimen I. , Najar T. , Ghram A. , Abdrrabba M. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryElevated ambient temperatures affect animal production and welfare. Animal's reduced production performances during heat stress were traditionally thought to result from the decreased feed intake. However, it has recently been shown that heat stress disturbs the steady state concentrations of free radicals, resulting in both cellular and mitochondrial oxidative damage. Indeed, heat stress reorganizes the use of the body resources including fat, protein and energy. Heat stress reduces the metabolic rates and alters post‐absorptive metabolism, regardless of the decreased feed intake. Consequently, growth, production, reproduction and health are not priorities any more in the metabolism of heat‐stressed animals. The drastic effects of heat stress depend on its duration and severity. This review clearly describes about biochemical, cellular and metabolic changes that occur during thermal stress in farm animals.
Cyst‐motile stage relationship, morphology, ultrastructure, and molecular phylogeny of the gymnodinioid dinoflagellate Barrufeta resplendens comb. nov., formerly known as Gyrodinium resplendens, isolated from the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Gu Haifeng , Luo Zhaohe , Mertens Kenneth Neil , Price Andrea Michelle , Turner Robert Eugene , Rabalais Nancy N. 
Published: August 2015

In the present study, we redescribed Gyrodinium resplendens through incubation of process bearing cysts extracted from sediment collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The morphology and ultrastructure of the motile stage and cyst stage were examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy and this revealed that the species should be transferred to the genus Barrufeta. This genus differs from other gymnodinioid genera in possessing a Smurf‐cap apical structure complex (ASC) and currently encompasses only one species, Barrufeta bravensis. B. resplendens shows a Smurf‐cap ASC that consists of three rows of elongated vesicles with small knobs in the middle one. B. resplendens is very similar to B. bravensis in cell morphology, but can be separated using the ultrastructure such as the shape and location of nucleus and pyrenoids, which highlights the importance of ultrastructure at inter‐specific level in the genus Barrufeta. The unique cysts of B. resplendens are brown and process bearing, and have a tremic archeopyle with a zigzag margin on the dorsal side of the epicyst, and not polar as in cysts of Polykrikos. The cysts do not survive the palynological treatment used here and probably have a wide distribution. Maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian inference were carried out based on partial large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) sequences. Molecular phylogeny supports that the genus Barrufeta is monophyletic, and that the genus Gymnodinium is polyphyletic. Our results suggest that details of the ASC together with ultrastructure are potential features to subdivide the genus Gymnodinium.