bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contraception and Abortion: Fruits of the Same Rotten Tree?
Authors: Newton William 
Published: January 2015

This article seeks to show how contraception, when generally accepted in a society, helps to bring about a radical change in social perceptions of sexual intercourse, human life, the human person, science, and morality in general. On account of this, contraception helps to ingrain abortion and other anti-life practices into the culture that accepts it and, therefore, in no sense can be considered as a panacea for abortion. Particular attention is given to the thought of John Paul II on this matter who noted that “despite their differences of nature and moral gravity, contraception and abortion are often closely connected, as fruits of the same tree” ( Evangelium vitae, n. 13). Lay summary The article considers the connection between contraception and abortion and defends Pope John Paul II's claim that “despite their differences of nature and moral gravity, contraception and abortion are often closely connected, as fruits of the same tree.” The thesis is that contraception is a “game-changer” in the sense that it changes the way we think about some very fundamental realities such as attitudes to sex, to life, to science, to the human person, and to morality. Any one of these changes would have a significant impact on a society in terms of promoting a culture of death: together they are devastating.
Removal of emerging organic contaminants from aqueous systems: adsorption and location of methyl-tertiary-butylether on synthetic ferrierite
Authors: Martucci A. , Leardini L. , Nassi M. , Sarti E. , Bagatin R. , Pasti L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study reports on experimental results concerning methyl-tert-butyl-ether (MTBE, C5H12O) adsorption from water into the pores of siliceous zeolite ferrierite (FER) by combining powder X-ray diffraction analyses and chromatography techniques. Rietveld structure refinement (Immm space group) highlighted the presence of two crystallographically independent MTBE sites located in the 10-ring channel parallel to the [001] direction (MTBE1) and in the ferrierite cage (MTBE2), respectively. On the whole, Rietveld refinement revealed clearly the incorporation of ~1.8 MTBE molecules per unit cell, in very good agreement with the weight loss given by thermogravimetric analyses, and saturation capacity as determined by adsorption isotherms. Rapid kinetics combined with good adsorption suggests that FER can be used beneficially as an adsorbent medium in removing this emerging organic contaminant from water.
Syntheses and characterization of zeolites K-F and W type using a diatomite precursor
Authors: Novembre D. , Pace C. , Gimeno D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractZeolites K-F and W (EDI and MER types) were synthesized hydrothermally using a natural rock as raw material. Chemical treatments were carried out on a diatomitic rock (containing opaline silica) from Crotone (Calabria, Italy) in order to separate/obtain potassium silicate, a reagent necessary for synthesizing zeolites. Synthesis experiments were performed by mixing the obtained siliceous solution with potassium hydroxide and alumina in varying proportions at 150°C and room pressure. Four synthesis series were performed to form zeolite K-F (EDI) and zeolite W (MER).The chemical-physical and morphological characterization of the zeolite phases were carried out. Cell parameters were calculated using the Rietveld method. Infrared, thermal and nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si) experiments confirmed the high quality of the zeolite products. The amorphous phase in the synthesis powders was estimated with quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods.
Investigations of the Fe sulfosalts berthierite, garavellite, arsenopyrite and gudmundite by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kharbish S. , P. Andráš  
Published: January 2015

AbstractArsenopyrite (FeAsS), gudmundite (FeSbS) and the rarer Fe sulfosalts berthierite (FeSb2S4) and garavellite (FeSbBiS4), were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Whereas (Sb,Bi)S3 pyramids are responsible for the Raman spectra of berthierite and garavellite, the spectra of gudmundite and arsenopyrite arise from the stretching and bending modes of (Sb,As)S units. Internal vibrations for berthierite and garavellite occur between 400 and 50 cm–1, and those of the gudmundite and arsenopyrite between 500 and 100 cm–1. The longer bond distances of the SbS3 groups readily explain the lower frequencies for berthierite in comparison with garavellite. Similarly, the greater mass and the longer bond distances of the Sb–S units also explain the lower frequencies observed for gudmundite relative to arsenopyrite.
A multi-disciplinarily designed mesocosm to address the complex flow-sediment-ecology tripartite relationship on the microscale
Authors: Schmidt Holger , Thom Moritz , Matthies Kerstin , Behrens Sebastian , Obst Ursula , Wieprecht Silke , Gerbersdorf Sabine Ulrike 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe stabilization of fine sediments via biofilms (‘biostabilization’) has various economic and ecological implications but is presently unaddressed within lotic waters. To investigate natural biofilm growth and functionality in freshwater sediments under controlled boundary conditions, a unique mesocosm was constructed that combines established know-how from engineering and natural sciences and consists of six straight flumes. To test the comparability of biofilm growth within one flume and between the flumes, extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), microbial biomass and microbial community composition were closely monitored over time and space as well as in relation to biofilm adhesiveness (proxy for biostabilization).ResultsMost importantly, biofilm development and biostabilization capacity revealed no significant differences within flume regions or between the flumes and the biofilms significantly stabilized the substratum as compared to abiotic controls. However, interesting temporal successions in biofilm growth phases became visible in shifting abundance and diversity of bacteria and microalgae resulting in varying EPS secretion and biostabilization.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrated the importance of biostabilization for fine sediment dynamics in freshwaters. Secondly, this unique setup allows comparable biofilm growth under controlled environmental conditions, an important requisite for future research on the ecological significance and impact of biostabilization for ecosystem functioning at varying environmental scenarios.
Population genetics of the fiddler crab Uca sindensis (Alcock, 1900) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) from the Arabian Sea
Authors: Shih Hsi-Te , Saher Noor Us , Kamrani Ehsan , Ng Peter KL , Lai Yu-Ching , Liu Min-Yun 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Background
The fiddler crab Uca sindensis (Alcock, 1900) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) is distributed in the northern coasts of the Arabian Sea (Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, and Kuwait). Its typical habitat is on high intertidal areas with higher salinity, which might restrict its distribution, especially within the Persian Gulf. The purpose of the present phylogeographic study is to understand whether the Strait of Hormuz acts as a barrier to the gene flow of this species.

Results
The genetic analyses of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), and control region (CR) of specimens from various localities showed that there was no genetic differentiation between the populations inside and outside of the Persian Gulf.

Conclusions
We conclude that the narrow Strait of Hormuz does not form a barrier for the larval dispersal in this species. Its restricted distribution in the northern Arabian Sea may instead be associated with its preference for higher salinity sediments present in the coasts of this region.
Randomized Phase II Study of Carboplatin and Paclitaxel With Either Linifanib or Placebo for Advanced Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ramalingam Suresh S. , Shtivelband Mikhail , Soo Ross A. , Barrios Carlos H. , Makhson Anatoly , Segalla José G.M. , Pittman Kenneth B. , Kolman Petr , Pereira Jose R. , Srkalovic Gordan , Belani Chandra P. , Axelrod Rita , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Qin Qin , Qian Jiang , McKeegan Evelyn M. , Devanarayan Viswanath , McKee Mark D. , Ricker Justin L. , Carlson Dawn M. , Gorbunova Vera A. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose Linifanib, a potent, selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, has single-agent activity in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated linifanib with carboplatin and paclitaxel as first-line therapy of advanced nonsquamous NSCLC. Patients and Methods Patients with stage IIIB/IV nonsquamous NSCLC were randomly assigned to 3-week cycles of carboplatin (area under the curve 6) and paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) with daily placebo (arm A), linifanib 7.5 mg (arm B), or linifanib 12.5 mg (arm C). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary efficacy end points included overall survival (OS) and objective response rate. Results One hundred thirty-eight patients were randomly assigned (median age, 61 years; 57% men; 84% smokers). Median PFS times were 5.4 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 5.7 months) in arm A (n = 47), 8.3 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 10.8 months) in arm B (n = 44), and 7.3 months (95% CI, 4.6 to 10.8 months) in arm C (n = 47). Hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS were 0.51 for arm B versus A (P = .022) and 0.64 for arm C versus A (P = .118). Median OS times were 11.3, 11.4, and 13.0 months in arms A, B, and C, respectively. HRs for OS were 1.08 for arm B versus A (P = .779) and 0.88 for arm C versus A (P = .650). Both linifanib doses were associated with increased toxicity, including a higher incidence of adverse events known to be associated with VEGF/PDGF inhibition. Baseline plasma carcinoembryonic antigen/cytokeratin 19 fragments biomarker signature was associated with PFS improvement and a trend toward OS improvement with linifanib 12.5 mg. Conclusion Addition of linifanib to chemotherapy significantly improved PFS (arm B), with a modest trend for survival benefit (arm C) and increased toxicity reflective of known VEGF/PDGF inhibitory effects.
Genetic Diagnosis of High-Penetrance Susceptibility for Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Is Achievable for a High Proportion of Familial CRC by Exome Sequencing
Authors: Chubb Daniel , Broderick Peter , Frampton Matthew , Kinnersley Ben , Sherborne Amy , Penegar Steven , Lloyd Amy , Ma Yussanne P. , Dobbins Sara E. , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose Knowledge of the contribution of high-penetrance susceptibility to familial colorectal cancer (CRC) is relevant to the counseling, treatment, and surveillance of CRC patients and families. Patients and Methods To quantify the impact of germline mutation to familial CRC, we sequenced the mismatch repair genes (MMR) APC, MUTYH, and SMAD4/BMPR1A in 626 early-onset familial CRC cases ascertained through a population-based United Kingdom national registry. In addition, we evaluated the contribution of mutations in the exonuclease domain (exodom) of POLE and POLD1 genes that have recently been reported to confer CRC risk. Results Overall mutations (pathogenic, likely pathogenic) in MMR genes make the highest contribution to familial CRC (10.9%). Mutations in the other established CRC genes account for 3.3% of cases. POLE/POLD1 exodom mutations were identified in three patients with family histories consistent with dominant transmission of CRC. Collectively, mutations in the known genes account for 14.2% of familial CRC (89 of 626 cases; 95% CI = 11.5, 17.2). Conclusion A genetic diagnosis is feasible in a high proportion of familial CRC. Mainstreaming such analysis in clinical practice should enable the medical management of patients and their families to be optimized. Findings suggest CRC screening of POLE and POLD1 mutation carriers should be comparable to that afforded to those at risk of HNPCC. Although the risk of CRC associated with unexplained familial CRC is in general moderate, in some families the risk is substantive and likely to be the consequence of unidentified genes, as exemplified by POLE and POLD1. Our findings have utility in the design of genetic analyses to identify such novel CRC risk genes.
Health-Related Quality of Life After Colorectal Cancer in England: A Patient-Reported Outcomes Study of Individuals 12 to 36 Months After Diagnosis
Authors: Downing Amy , Morris Eva J.A. , Richards Mike , Corner Jessica , Wright Penny , Sebag-Montefiore David , Finan Paul , Kind Paul , Wood Charlotte , Lawton Sarah , Feltbower Richard , Wagland Richard , Vernon Sally , Thomas James , Glaser Adam W. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose This population-level study was conducted to define the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of individuals living with and beyond colorectal cancer (CRC) and to identify factors associated with poor health outcomes. Patients and Methods All individuals diagnosed with CRC in England in 2010 and 2011 who were alive 12 to 36 months after diagnosis were sent a questionnaire. This included questions related to treatment, disease status, other long-term conditions (LTCs), generic HRQL (EuroQol-5D), and cancer-specific outcomes (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy and Social Difficulties Inventory items). Results The response rate was 63.3% (21,802 of 34,467 patients). One or more generic health problems were reported by 65% of respondents, with 10% of patients reporting problems in all five domains. The reporting of problems was higher than in the general population and was most marked in those age less than 55 years. Certain subgroups reported a higher number of problems, notably those with one or more other LTCs, those with active or recurrent disease, those with a stoma, and those at the extremes of the age range (< 55 and > 85 years). Of respondents without a stoma, 16.3% reported no bowel control. Reversal of a stoma resulted in fewer severe bowel problems but more moderate problems than those who had never had a stoma. A quarter of rectal cancer respondents (25.1%) reported difficulties with sexual matters (compared with 11.2% of colon cancer respondents). Conclusion This study demonstrates the success of a national patient-reported outcomes survey. The results have the potential to support system-wide improvement in health outcomes through the identification of particular challenges faced by individuals after treatment for CRC.
Bone Marrow Minimal Residual Disease Was an Early Response Marker and a Consistent Independent Predictor of Survival After Anti-GD2 Immunotherapy
Authors: Cheung Nai-Kong V. , Ostrovnaya Irina , Kuk Deborah , Cheung Irene Y. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose Immunotherapy is a standard of care for children with high-risk neuroblastoma, where bone marrow (BM) is the predominant metastatic site. Early response markers of minimal residual disease (MRD) in the BM that are also predictive of survival could help individualize patient therapies. Patients and Methods After achieving first remission (n = 163), primary refractory disease (n = 102), or second remission (n = 95), children with stage 4 neuroblastoma received anti-GD2 3F8 antibody immunotherapy. BM MRD before 3F8 treatment and after cycle 2 (postMRD) was measured using a four-marker panel (B4GALNT1, PHOX2B, CCND1, and ISL1) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic variables were tested in both univariable and multivariable analyses, and MRD markers were further assessed individually and in combination as binary composite (postMRD: 0 and 1) and as equal sum (postMRDSum: 0 to 4) using the Cox regression models, and their predictive accuracy was determined by the concordance index. Results When BM was evaluated after cycle 2, individual markers were highly predictive of PFS and OS. The prediction accuracy improved when they were combined in postMRDSum. A multivariable model taking into account all the variables significant in the univariable analyses identified postMRDSum to be independently predictive of PFS and OS. When the model for OS also included missing killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand, human antimouse antibody response, and the enrollment disease status, the concordance index was 0.704. Conclusion BM MRD after two cycles of immunotherapy was confirmed as an early response marker and a consistent independent predictor of survival.
Phase III Trial to Compare Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Capecitabine and Cisplatin Versus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Gastric Cancer: Final Report of the Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Stomach Tumors Trial, Including Survival and Subset Analyses
Authors: Park Se Hoon , Sohn Tae Sung , Lee Jeeyun , Lim Do Hoon , Hong Min Eui , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Sohn Insuk , Jung Sin Ho , Choi Min Gew , Lee Jun Ho , Bae Jae Moon , Kim Sung , Kim Seung Tae , Park Joon Oh , Park Young Suk , Lim Ho Yeong , Kang Won Ki 
Published: January 2015

Purpose The Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Stomach Tumors (ARTIST) trial tested whether the addition of radiotherapy to adjuvant chemotherapy improved disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with D2-resected gastric cancer (GC). Patients and Methods Between November 2004 and April 2008, 458 patients with GC who received gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection were randomly assigned to either six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine and cisplatin (XP) or to two cycles of XP followed by chemoradiotherapy and then two additional cycles of XP (XPRT). This final update contains the first publication of overall survival (OS), together with updated DFS and subset analyses. Results With 7 years of follow-up, DFS remained similar between treatment arms (hazard ratio [HR], 0.740; 95% CI, 0.520 to 1.050; P = .0922). OS also was similar (HR, 1.130; 95% CI, 0.775 to 1.647; P = .5272). The effect of the addition of radiotherapy on DFS and OS differed by Lauren classification (interaction P = .04 for DFS; interaction P = .03 for OS) and lymph node ratio (interaction P < .01 for DFS; interaction P < .01 for OS). Subgroup analyses also showed that chemoradiotherapy significantly improved DFS in patients with node-positive disease and with intestinal-type GC. There was a similar trend for DFS and OS by stage of disease. Conclusion In D2-resected GC, both adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy are tolerated and equally beneficial in preventing relapse. Because results suggest a significant DFS effect of chemoradiotherapy in subsets of patients, the ARTIST 2 trial evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in patients with node-positive, D2-resected GC is under way.
Repolitiser la cité grecque, trente ans aprés
Authors: Azoulay Vincent 
Published: January 2015

RésuméTrente ans après l’article de Nicole Loraux paru dansL’Hommeen 1986, cette étude entend revenir sur l’expérience politique dans le monde grec ancien. L’objectif est de montrer qu’il est nécessaire d’articuler les deux définitions du terme politique inventé par les Grecs : d’une part,lepolitique compris comme un ensemble d’activités sans substance ni incarnation institutionnelle spécifique, un champ d’actions qui ne s’identifie pas dans les formes de l’État moderne, mais dans des expériences et des pratiques très variées, en contexte conflictuel, et, d’autre part,lapolitique, entendue non pas seulement comme l’accès réglé à différentes institutions, mais aussi comme auto-institution de la communauté par ellemême. À travers l’étude d’un cas précis, la crise de 404 à Athènes et, en particulier, le discours de Cléocritos transmis par lesHelléniquesde Xénophon, l’article propose une nouvelle manière de penser ces deux niveaux d’expression de la vie collective. Loin de la lecture réconciliatrice qu’en avait proposée N. Loraux, l’appel à la concorde de Cléocritos témoigne, dans l’effervescence et la tension des événements, de l’oubli delapolitique, au sens institutionnel du terme, au profit exclusifdupolitique et des pratiques collectives qui y sont associées. Pour finir, cette étude de cas débouche sur une interrogation plus générale sur le sens de l’événement et sa portée épistémologique. En proposant de penser la crise de 404 au sein des différents régimes d’historicité qui ont caractérisé l’histoire d’Athènes entre le Ve et le IVe siècle, l’article vise à mieux réarticuler les moments instituants et le I I fonctionnement institué de la démocratie grecque.
Le simple corps de la cité
Authors: Ismard Paulin 
Published: January 2015

RésuméL’esclavage public était une institution commune à la majorité des cités grecques de l’époque classique et hellénistique. Qu’ils travaillent sur les grands chantiers de la cité, constituent les « petites mains » de son administration civique ou composent l’essentiel de ses forces armées permanentes (les célèbres archers scythes athéniens), les esclaves publics furent d’une certaine façon les premiers fonctionnaires du monde des cités. En ce sens, leur étude offre un éclairage inédit de la controverse portant sur la nature plus ou moins étatique de lapolisgrecque. La démocratie, du moins telle que la concevait les Athéniens de l’époque classique, impliquait en effet que l’ensemble des prérogatives politiques soit entre les mains des citoyens et non dans un quelconque appareil d’État. La décision de reléguer à des esclaves les tâches relevant de l’administration civique peut dès lors être appréhendée, selon les termes de l’anthropologie de Pierre Clastres, comme une « résistance » de la société civique à l’émergence d’un véritable appareil d’État.
La (dé)construction de la politeia
Authors: Müller Christel 
Published: January 2015

RésuméL’article propose de revenir sur la notion de citoyenneté(politeia)dans le monde grec, en confrontant une conception traditionnelle fondée notamment sur la lecture d’Aristote, qui définit la citoyenneté en termes de participation politique, au témoignage des nombreux décrets gravés à l’époque hellénistique octroyant aux étrangers bienfaiteurs des privilèges légaux (comme le droit de propriété, de commercer, de contracter un mariage légitime, d’être exempté de certains impôts…). Si la tripartition statutaire classique (citoyens, étrangers résidents et esclaves) reste assurément valable durant l’époque hellénistique et constitue l’« infrastructure » des sociétés civiques, le système de privilèges mis en place par les cités pour honorer des étrangers méritants aboutit à créer une « concaténation de positions toutes différentes » qui, sans remettre en cause la hiérarchie des statuts juridiques, introduit de la fluidité sociale dans un monde inter-connecté, bien éloigné de l’idéal platonicien et aristotélicien de la cité autarcique.