bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of a Mesoscale Convective System Using a New Formulation for Advection in a Bin Microphysics: Sensitivity to Advection, Microphysics, and Grid Spacing
Authors: Lynn Barry , Gavze Ehud , Khain Alexander 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A computationally efficient semi-Lagrangian advection (SLA) scheme designed for microphysical variable advection was implemented into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with spectral bin microphysics (SBM). The primary goal was to reduce the CPU time for advection of the scalar SBM variables and demonstrate its applicability to simulation of a real-data case study in the eta vertical coordinate system. A mesoscale convective system (MCS) in Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E-0520) was selected for simulations. We compared the SLA and high-order, nonlinear monotonic advection schemes and tested the sensitivity of the simulated radar reflectivity, microphysical, and dynamic properties of the MCS to the choice of microphysical schemes, aerosol concentration, and grid spacing. Simulations using the SLA and monotonic advection schemes were similar, and the differences between them were much smaller than those between the SBM and bulk microphysical schemes tested. Improvement of the grid resolution had a larger impact on the vertical velocity field than did the choice of aerosol concentration. The total computational time in simulations with SLA was about 25% shorter than that with monotonic advection, which resulted from a reduction of more than 50% in computational time required for advection of the microphysical variables.

Significance Statement
Clouds comprise particles of various sizes and types: aerosols, liquid droplets, ice crystals, hail, and snow. Two major approaches describe the time and spatial evolution of these particle species: solving basic microphysical (bin microphysics) and simplified parameterization (bulk microphysics) equations. Bin microphysics is time-consuming as it operates with size distributions described by multiple mass bins. Among the microphysical processes, the advection of the microphysical variables requires significant CPU time. We tested a new numerical advection scheme that requires several times less computer time than the standard high-order nonlinear schemes being of similar accuracy. Due to the introduced change, the advection of droplet size distributions became less of a factor affecting the total computer time of bin-type schemes. This is an important step toward making the bin approach computationally efficient without losing accuracy. It is shown that the sensitivity of the results to spatial grid spacing and to the choice of microphysical schemes is significant and may be larger than that to variations in the aerosol concentration.
Mean Platelet Volume/Platelet Count Ratio and Dipper/Non-Dipper Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Nurkoç Serdar Gökhan , Yakışan Turab 
Published: August 2024

There is an interaction between mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PC), inflammation, and platelet reactivity. The present study evaluated the relationship between the MPV/PC ratio and blood pressure (BP) using 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). A total of 720 patients (male: 291) were included in the study. Based on the ABPM outcomes, they were divided into two groups: dipper hypertensive ( n = 350; male: 136) and non-dipper hypertensive ( n = 370; male: 155). Peripheral venous blood samples obtained at admission were used for PC and MPV calculations. Both groups displayed identical clinical characteristics. Non-dipper hypertensives had a higher MPV/PC ratio than dipper hypertensives [0.044; (0.036-0.055); 0.036 (0.030-0.042); P < .001]. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of the MPV/PC ratio for predicting non-dipper patterns in hypertensive patients was 0.040 (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.726, P < .001). Sensitivity was 64.1% and specificity was 64.3%. The MPV/PC ratio may represent mechanisms involved in increasing cardiovascular risk in non-dipper hypertensives compared with dipper hypertensives.
Construction of a coagulation prediction model of the extracorporeal circulation circuit during hemodialysis with regional citrate anticoagulant (RCA)
Authors: Gong Yanyan , Zou Menglin , Luo Laimin 
Published: August 2024

Objective: To construct a prediction model of coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation circuit during hemodialysis with regional citrate anticoagulant(RCA) conditions. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study. The clinical data of patients who received hemodialysis with RCA from February 2021 to March 2022 were collected. The risk predictors of coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation circuit were screened by LASSO regression. On this basis, we used multivariate logistic regression analysis to establish a nomogram prediction model. Results: A total of 98 patients received RCA hemodialysis for 362 times. Among them, 155 treatments with complete data were included in the study. Among the 155 treatments, coagulation of the extracorporeal circulation circuit occurred 12 times. The use of arteriovenous fistulas(AVF), the venous pressure at 4 h after hemodialysis initiation, blood flow velocity, dialyzer manufacturer, Systemic iCa2+ at 1 h after hemodialysis initiation, plasma albumin level, and plasma d-dimer level were influencing factors of coagulation in the extracorporeal circuit during hemodialysis with RCA ( p < 0.05). A nomogram model was made out of the above indicators. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting coagulation in the circuit was 0.967 (95% CI: 0.935–0.998). The internal validation result of the memory testing (bootstrap method) showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.967 (95% CI: 0.918–0.991). Conclusion: The nomogram model has good discrimination and calibration and can intuitively and succinctly predict the risk of coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation circuit during hemodialysis with RCA.
Sanggenol L Reduces LPS-induced Myocardial Injury and Inflammation by Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Inhibiting NF-κB in Rats
Authors: Wang Haojun , Jin Tao , Mao Yuehan , Wei Yi 
Published: August 2024

Background The manifestation of severe sepsis is sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD), which is the chief cause of elevated death in sepsis patients. Sepsis mainly attacks the heart, and the effective switch of the inflammatory cascades is of prodigious implication in relieving sepsis-allied myocardial impairments. Natural antioxidants with anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties are promptly required as typical anti-septic agents. Purpose: Morus alba root bark contains a flavonoid sanggenol L (SL), which exhibits antioxidant, apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Nevertheless, the anti-septic action of SL has not yet been described. Hence, we explored the antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory actions of SL on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered sepsis in rats. Methods Rats were divided into four sets: group 1: control, group 2: LPS (20 mg/kg bw), group 3: LPS (20 mg/kg bw) + dexamethasone (2 mg/kg bw), and group 4: LPS (20 mg/kg bw) + SL (10 mg/kg bw). We assessed cardiotoxicity, antioxidants, cytokines, histopathology, protein expressions of apoptosis, and inflammatory enzymes. Results Data unveiled that SL inhibited toxicity markers, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and histological changes. SL effectively attenuated LPS-induced acute myocardial injury by stimulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and suppressing the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Conclusion Thus, SL might be a possible anti-septic agent for the treatment of SIMD.
Tenecteplase Versus Alteplase: A Comparison of Bleeding Outcomes in Massive Pulmonary Embolism (TACO-PE)
Authors: Crawford Jacquelyn , Roe Austin , Brumit Jessica , Wilson Vera , Tharp Jen 
Published: August 2024

Background: Thrombolysis is recommended in the setting of massive pulmonary embolism (PE) for reperfusion of vessels but carries a serious concern for increased bleed risk. In October 2022, our institution adopted tenecteplase as the formulary thrombolytic. Previous literature is unclear regarding the bleed risk of tenecteplase in massive PE, and no study has yet compared safety outcomes with the current standard of care, alteplase. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of bleeding with tenecteplase versus alteplase in massive PE patients. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational cohort study that included adults who received tenecteplase or alteplase for massive PE. The primary outcome was major bleeding as defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH). Secondary outcomes included incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), in-hospital mortality, administration of reversal agents, and length of stay. Results: A total of 44 patients met inclusion criteria with 20 patients in the alteplase cohort and 24 in the tenecteplase cohort. Seventeen percent of tenecteplase patients compared with 5% of alteplase patients experienced bleeding. The mortality rate was 83% vs 75%, respectively. In addition, 1 patient in the tenecteplase cohort experienced a symptomatic ICH and 2 patients required initiation of massive transfusion protocol. Conclusion and Relevance: Although this study was limited in sample size, these results suggest that there may be reason for concern of higher bleeding rates in patients treated with tenecteplase in the setting of massive PE.
Association between physical function and parameters of hip structural analysis in patients with hip fracture
Authors: Umehara Takuya , Kaneguchi Akinori , Watanabe Keita , Katayama Nobuhisa , Teramoto Hidefumi , Kuwahara Daisuke , Kaneyashiki Ryo , Mizuno Toshiyuki , Kito Nobuhiro , Kakehashi Masayuki 
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The current study sought to investigate whether physical function and activity were associated with hip structural analysis (HSA) parameters on the non-fracture side of patients with hip fractures. Methods: Participants were patients with unilateral hip fracture treated by surgery. HSA of the proximal femur was conducted based on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry data. HSA parameters in the narrow neck region included cross-sectional area (CSA), cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), section modulus (SM), and buckling ratio (BR). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of HSA. Results: Except for the adjustment variables, age, gender and BMI, other variables were extracted. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis (standardised partial regression coefficients) identified movement control during one-leg standing on the non-fractured side (0.15) as factors associated with CSA. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis (standardised partial regression coefficients) identified hand grip (0.12, 0.23) as factors associated with CSMI and SM, respectively. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis (standardised partial regression coefficients) identified presence of steroid (0.23) and cerebrovascular disease (0.19) as factors associated with BR. The coefficients of determination adjusted for degrees of freedom ( R2) were 0.545, 0.331, 0.401, and 0.148 for CSA, CSMI, SM, and BR, respectively. Conclusions: Our results indicate that movement control during 1-leg standing and muscle strength may be important for maintaining and improving bone strength.
Urethral Calculus as an Uncommon Cause of Acute Urinary Retention in Women Diagnosis and Management: A Case Report
Authors: El Omri Ghassane , Taghouan Anas , Rais Hamza , Younes Houry , Rachid Moussaab , Heddat Abdeljalil 
Published: August 2024

Background: Urethral calculi causing acute urinary retention is a highly uncommon condition in women, which poses distinctive difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. This report presents the case of a 52-year-old woman who experienced acute urinary retention caused by a urethral stone. It emphasizes the effective use of minimally invasive methods and underscores the importance of comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment. Case presentation: A 52-year-old woman patient arrived with acute urinary retention symptoms that lasted 6 hours. She complained of pain in the perineal and periurethral regions. She struggled with poorly managed type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and frequent cystitis. The examination showed the presence of a 2-cm stone in the urethra. The treatment utilised retrograde propulsion and laser fragmentation. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging results were normal, and follow-up care involved managing diabetes and adopting lifestyle changes to prevent the recurrence of cystitis and stones for 6 months. Conclusion: Urethral calculi exceptionally cause acute urinary retention in women. To achieve successful outcomes and prevent recurrence, it is crucial to prioritize prompt, minimally invasive treatment, and comprehensive management.
Robot-assisted transosseous repair of triangular fibrocartilage complex: a cadaver study
Authors: Wang Zhixin , Wang Jiawen , Li Qiuya , Yin Yaobin , Wang Qianqian , Chen Shanlin 
Published: August 2024

The feasibility and accuracy of robot-assisted bone tunnel construction in the transosseous repair of the triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) were compared with those of freehand arthroscopic repair. A total of 20 cadaveric specimens were randomized into robotic-assisted and arthroscopy-guided groups. Three bone tunnels were constructed in the ulnar foveal region in each specimen. The discrepancy between the planned and actual tunnel exits was determined in the robot-assisted group by merging images. The success rate of tunnel construction, time consumption and number of drilling attempts were compared between groups. The median planned/actual exit discrepancy was 0.8 mm in the robot-assisted group, with 90% of tunnel exits successfully placed in the footprint region, compared to 63.3% in the arthroscopy-guided group. The robot-assisted group spent less time and required fewer drilling attempts to construct bone tunnels. These results indicated that the robot-assisted technique can accurately construct multiple bone tunnels in the foveal region and reduce the difficulty of TFCC transosseous repair. Level of evidence: III
A safe zone of dorsal scaphoid approach: an anatomic study of proximal dorsal vessel foramina
Authors: Vinitpairot Chaiyos , Sawaddirak Pongsapuk , Sae-Jung Surachai , Jianmongkol Surut 
Published: August 2024

The dorsal approach to the scaphoid carries a risk of injuring its nutrient vessels. This cadaveric study identified a safe zone dorsally, which extends from the proximal pole to 11.3 mm distally along the scaphoid axis. Level of evidence: Level V
Which would you choose again? Comparison of trapeziometacarpal implant versus resection arthroplasty in the same patient
Authors: Nietlispach Viviane , Marks Miriam , Imhof Jenny , Pudic Tanja , Herren Daniel B. 
Published: August 2024

We invited 14 women who had undergone implant arthroplasty in one thumb and resection-suspension-interposition arthroplasty (RSIA) in the other to a follow-up visit at a median time of 2.2 and 6.2 years after implant and RSIA, respectively. In total, 12 patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the outcome after implant arthroplasty, while eight patients reported this level of satisfaction for RSIA. Of the patients, 10 would choose an implant again, one would choose RSIA and three patients were undecided. The brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire score and key pinch and grip strengths were significantly higher at follow-up for the thumb with the implant arthroplasty. Two revision operations were done 1.5 years after RSIA. Patients were satisfied with both procedures, but if they had to choose again, they would prefer implant arthroplasty. Level of evidence: III
Survival Analysis and Prognostic Factors After Endonasal Resection of Advanced Olfactory Neuroblastomas: A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Song Xiaole , Yang Jingyi , Yuan Cuncun , Gu Dantong , Wang Li , Zhang Qianqian , Zhou Chengle , Wang Huan , Hu Li , Zhang Chen , Liu Quan , Wang Dehui , Sun Xicai , Yu Hongmeng 
Published: August 2024

Objectives To explore the prognostic factors in patients with advanced olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) underwent endoscopic surgery. Materials and Methods Retrospective medical records were reviewed of patients with pathologically proven ONB who underwent endoscopic surgical resection. Clinicopathological characteristics including patient demographics, treatment, complications, follow-up, and outcomes were analyzed. Kaplan–Meier overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves were plotted. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to determine prognostic factors. Results Eighty-five patients with Kadish stage C ONB were examined. According to the various staging systems used, most patients harbored modified Kadish stage C (78.8%). Twenty-six patients (30.6%) underwent bony skull base resection, 11 (12.9%) underwent dura resection, and 24 (28.2%) underwent additional intracranial resection that included the olfactory bulb and duct. Median follow-up was 39 months. Five-year OS and DFS rates were 83.7% and 74.9%, respectively. Five-year OS was 100% in patients treated with bony skull base resection and 77.5% in those who were not ( P = .052). Dura resection did not improve OS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified perioperative complications ( P = .009), gross total resection ( P = .004), orbital invasion ( P = .014), postoperative radiotherapy ( P = .030), and bony skull base resection ( P = .019) as independent prognostic predictors. Conclusion For patients with advanced ONB, endoscopic surgery in conjunction with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is effective and safe. Dura resection should be performed with caution in selected patients to balance survival and complications. Postoperative radiotherapy is important to improve OS and DFS.
Preseason and In-Season High-Speed Running Demands of 2 Professional Australian Rules Football Teams
Authors: Freeman Brock W. , Talpey Scott W. , James Lachlan P. , Rayner Russell J. , Young Warren B. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Australian Rules Football athletes complete long preseasons, yet injuries occur frequently at early stages of the competitive season. Little is known about the high-speed running (HSR) prescription during a preseason or whether players are adequately prepared for competition. This study described absolute and relative preseason and in-season HSR demands of 2 professional Australian football teams. Hypothesis: HSR and sprinting volumes are significantly lower in elite Australian Rules football athletes during in-season compared with preseason. Study Design: Cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: During the 2019 season, HSR volume was collected for 2 professional Australian football teams (n = 55). Individual maximum speeds (Vmax) were captured to calculate relative running speed thresholds, as reported in 5% increments from 70%Vmax to 100%Vmax. Results: Weekly volume of running above 70%Vmax ( P = 0.01; r = 0.56) and 80%Vmax ( P = 0.01; r = 0.58) was significantly greater in the preseason than the in-season. The weekly volume completed above 90%Vmax was not significantly greater in the preseason than the in-season ( P = 0.10; r = 0.22). Individual variation in the distance completed at specific percentages of Vmax expressed as a coefficient of variation was reported as 51% at 71% to 80%Vmax, 39% at 81% to 90%Vmax, and 41% at 91% to 100%Vmax. Conclusion: The volume of HSR completed by athletes is far greater in the initial 4 weeks of the preseason than in any other point in preseason or competitive phases. At the individual level, there is substantial variation in the distance covered. This supports the concept of a heavily individualized approach to high-speed prescription and monitoring. Clinical Relevance: Practitioners should carefully consider individual variation regarding sprinting volume during both preseason and in-season when prescribing and monitoring training to improve on-field performance and reduce the risk of injury.
Feasibility of Percutaneous Gastrostomy Tube Placement Using Only Local Anesthetic in Patients With Neuromuscular Dysfunction
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Srinidhi , Mikhail Nardine , Jazmati Tarek , Kumar Abhishek , Shukla Pratik A. 
Published: August 2024

Background Patients with neuromuscular disorders often require gastrostomy tube placement for feeding but routinely have contraindication to sedation due to poor airway control with intubation avoided at the risk of ventilator dependence. Purpose To assess the feasibility of percutaneous gastrostomy tube (G-tube) placement using only local anesthesia in patients with neuromuscular dysfunction. Research Design A retrospective chart review was performed from 2013 to 2019 for all patients who underwent percutaneous G-tube placement under local anesthesia only. Study Sample 12 patients (6 females, 6 males; mean age = 52.3 ± 21.8) with neuromuscular disorders underwent G-tube placement with only local anesthesia. Data Collection Data collected included demographic data, medical history (source of neuromuscular dysfunction), procedural information, and complications. Results Technical success was achieved in 100% of patients with no major complications. Conclusion Placement of a percutaneous gastrostomy tube using only local anesthesia is safe and feasible in patients who have a contraindication to sedation due to poor airway control and for whom intubation is avoided due to risk of ventilator dependence.
To biopsy or not to biopsy adrenal mass: is that the question?
Authors: Purenne Edouard , Cornu Erika , Mezzarobba Vincent , Juttet Pauline , Cimarelli Sébastien , Watkin Emmanuel , Paepegaey Anne-Cécile 
Published: August 2024

The European Society of Endocrinology recommends surgical approach for suspicious adrenal mass with a limited role for adrenal biopsy. We report here a case of a patient with a 70 mm adrenal mass in whom adrenal biopsy avoided unnecessary adrenalectomy. An 80-year-old man was explored for a 67 × 41 mm suspect left adrenal tumor. Hormonal explorations were normal. 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed an increase in uptake of the adrenal mass (SUVmax: 44.6). As the diagnostic was uncertain, biopsy was performed. Pathology found T lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate with CD4 phenotype without malignancy criteria. Simple close monitoring was decided in multidisciplinary meeting and with the patient’s consent. At 1 and 3 months, CT and 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed a significant decrease in size and uptake of adrenal mass (40 × 20 mm and 19 × 10 mm and SUVmax 5.9 and 0.0). This report shows the interest of adrenal biopsy for well-selected cases to avoid unnecessary adrenal surgery.