bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRANSITION TO PARENTHOOD AND MENTAL HEALTH IN FIRST‐TIME PARENTS
Authors: Parfitt Ylva , Ayers Susan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to examine the transition to parenthood and mental health in first‐time parents in detail and explore any differences in this transition in the context of parental gender and postpartum mental health. Semistructured clinical interviews (Birmingham Interview for Maternal Mental Health) were carried out with 46 women and 40 men, 5 months after birth. Parents were assessed on pre‐ and postpartum anxiety, depression, and postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a range of adjustment and relationship variables. One fourth of the men and women reported anxiety in pregnancy, reducing to 21% of women and 8% of men after birth. Pregnancy and postpartum depression rates were roughly equal, with 11% of women and 8% of men reporting depression. Postpartum PTSD was experienced by 5% of parents. Postpartum mental health problems were significantly associated with postpartum sleep deprivation (odds ratio [OR] = 7.5), complications in labor (OR = 5.1), lack of postpartum partner support (OR = 8.0), feelings of parental unworthiness (OR = 8.3), and anger toward the infant (OR = 4.4). Few gender differences were found for these variables. This study thus highlights the importance of focusing interventions on strengthening the couple's relationship and avoiding postnatal sleep deprivation, and to address parents’ feelings of parental unworthiness and feelings of anger toward their baby.
Reading, Gender, and Engagement
Authors: Brozo William G. , Sulkunen Sari , Shiel Gerry , Garbe Christine , Pandian Ambigapthy , Valtin Renate 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe authors, members of the PISA/PIRLS Task Force, provide a summary of major gender differences in performance found overall on PISA 2009, along with relevant trends since 2000. The five countries represented by the authors are highlighted in this summary, which includes findings related to the interaction of engagement and reading literacy achievement by gender. These data are foregrounded from PISA because they add further evidence of a serious global pattern of boys’ underachievement in reading and lower reading engagement relative to girls. This is followed by a discussion of what each of our five countries has done in response to the gender gap in reading literacy. The article concludes with guidelines for closing the gender achievement gap for boys, based on PISA results and any promising national initiatives.
Porous nanoapatite scaffolds synthesized using an approach of interfacial mineralization reaction and their bioactivity
Authors: Wang Jianxin , Yan Haoran , Chen Taijun , Wang Yingying , Li Huiyong , Zhi Wei , Feng Bo , Weng Jie , Zhu Minghua 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThere is a growing interest in the use of calcium phosphate, used to fabricate porous scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration and repair. However, it is difficult to obtain interconnected pores with very high porosity and to engineer the topography of the pore walls for calcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds. In this study, a novelty method interfacial mineralization reaction was used to fabricate porous nano‐calcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds with three‐dimensional surface topography of walls, which was tuned using different surfactants; using this method, porous scaffolds with different shapes were obtained, which demonstrates that interfacial mineralization reaction is not only a good method to prepare porous ceramic scaffolds of calcium phosphate but also an efficient approach to engineer the topography of the pore walls. The as‐prepared porous ceramic scaffolds have also been proved to have good biocompatibility, bioactivity, and biodegradability, which are necessary for the clinical application. In vivo experimental results revealed that not only osteoconduction but also osteoinduction was responsible for the bone formation in our scaffolds, which accelerated the formation of new bone, and that the degradation process of our porous scaffolds could match osteoinduction, mineralization of matrix and bone, and reconstruction of new bone very well, and porous scaffolds could be completely substituted by the new bone. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1749–1761, 2014.
Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Removal of Effective Impurity (Benzhydrol) from Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Drug
Authors: Hashemi‐Moghaddam Hamid , Alaeian Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe present study describes the synthesis and preliminary testing of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as scavenger resins for removal of the genotoxic impurities (GTI) benzhydrol from active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). A new molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized using benzhydrol (template molecule), methacrylic acid (functional monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross‐linker), 2,2′‐azobisisobutironitril (intiator) and chloroform (porogenic solvent). To compare the performance of this polymer, a control polymer or non‐imprinted polymer (NIP) was prepared under the same conditions without the use of template molecule. The synthesized polymers were characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy. Selectivity of the molecularly imprinted polymer for absorption benzhydrol impurities through adsorption experiments reviews and the results were compared with the adsorption of impurities by NIP. Various parameters were optimized such as time, pH, type of eluent for elution of impurities from polymer, concentration of sample and saturation of polymer. The proposed method was applied for removal of benzhydrol from Diphenhydramine hydrochloride syrup and passing it through the MIPs led to the quantitative removal of benzhydrol.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Camptothecin from Nothapodytes Foetida
Authors: Chu Fu‐Min , Chang Kai‐Ti , Chen Kau‐Ming , Wei Guor‐Tzo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCamptothecin (CPT), a quinoline alkaloid, was found to possess anti‐tumor activity. Two semi‐synthetic derivatives of CPT, irinotecan and topotecan, have lower cytotoxicity and higher water solubility than that of CPT, were found effective for the treatment of colon, lung, pancreas, and breast cancers in human clinical trials. The concentration of CPT in Nothapodytes foetida is higher than other CPT containing plants. This work utilizes supercritical fluid carbon dioxide with modifiers to extract the CPT from Nothapodytes foetida. The influence of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) parameters, including pressure, temperature, dynamic extraction time and co‐solvents, on the extraction yields were placed as the factors of experimental design, namely three‐level orthogonal array design (OAD), L9(43). The analysis and quantification of the extracted CPT were determined by a reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography. A higher pressure, higher temperature, longer dynamic extraction time, and co‐solvent (CH3OH/H2O) gives a higher extraction yield (∼0.17%). Also, the recoveries are in the range 101.5∼104.5% with relative standard deviation (RSD) 3.12%. The SFE method was compared with other methods on the extraction of Nothapodytes foetida collected from different regions to evaluate the potential of SFE for CPT isolation.
Radical copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene with 4‐bromo‐3,3,4,4‐tetrafluorobut‐1‐ene
Authors: Lopez Gérald , Ajellal Noureddine , Thenappan Alagappan , Ameduri Bruno 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe radical copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) with 3,3,4,4‐tetrafluoro‐4‐bromobut‐1‐ene (BTFB) initiated by tert‐butylperoxypivalate is presented. The microstructures of the obtained copolymers are determined by means of NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis and show that random copolymers were obtained. A wide range of poly(CTFE‐co‐BTFB) copolymers is synthesized, containing from 17 to 89 mol % of CTFE. In all the cases, CTFE is the less reactive of both comonomers. Td10% values, ranging from 163 up to 359 °C, are dependent on the BTFB content. These variations of thermal property are attributed to the increase in the number of C‐H and C‐Br bonds breakdown when the BTFB molar percentage in the copolymer is higher. Tg values range from 19 to 39 °C and a decreasing trend is observed when increasing the amount of BTFB in the copolymer. This observation arises from the higher flexibility of the copolymer when increasing the number of fluorobrominated lateral chains. These original fluoropolymers bearing reactive pendant bromo groups are suitable candidates for various applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1714–1720
Quantum confinement in graphene quantum dots
Authors: Huang Zhongkai , Qu Jinfeng , Peng Xiangyang , Liu Wenliang , Zhang Kaiwang , Wei Xiaolin , Zhong Jianxin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBy performing density functional theory calculations, we studied the quantum confinement in charged graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which is found to be clearly edge and shape dependent. It is found that the excess charges have a large distribution at the edges of the GQD. The resulting energy spectrum shift is very nonuniform and hence the Coulomb diamonds in the charge stability diagram vary irregularly, in good agreement with the observed nonperiodic Coulomb blockade oscillation. We also illustrate that the level statistics of the GQDs can be described by a Gaussian distribution, as predicted for chaotic Dirac billiards.magnified imageThe charge stability diagram (left) and the Gaussian distribution of the width of the Coulomb diamonds (right), indicating the nonperiodic Coulomb blockade oscillation in GQD due to quantum confinement.(© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Factors influencing detection in occupancy surveys of a threatened lagomorph
Authors: Brubaker Daniel R. , Kovach Adrienne I. , Ducey Mark J. , Jakubas Walter J. , O'brien Kathleen M. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSuccessful recovery of populations of rare and cryptic species requires accurate monitoring of changes in their distribution and densities, which in turn necessitates considering detection rates. Development of population monitoring protocols is needed to aid recovery of the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis; currently the top‐priority Species of Greatest Conservation Need in the northeastern United States), which lives in dense shrubby habitat and is difficult to detect. To address this need, we conducted repeated, systematic, presence–absence surveys to determine patch‐specific detection probabilities and factors influencing detection of the New England cottontail. We surveyed cottontails during 2–6 visits on 30 sites with known occupancy in the northeastern United States during the winters of 2010 and 2011. For each survey visit, we determined whether cottontails were detected by the presence of fecal pellets on fresh fallen snow and subsequent species identification by genetic analysis. Detection probabilities were modeled in Program PRESENCE to explore the influence of snow condition and depth, temperature, wind, number of pellet deposition days, woody stem density, patch size, and search effort. The overall probability of detecting a New England cottontail during a single survey visit was 0.73. The most influential factor in detection was prior knowledge of site‐specific cottontail activity. Snow depth <30.5 cm and the number of days without high winds following a snowfall had a positive influence on detection. Patch size had a negative effect on detection when surveys were restricted to 20 minutes. In the absence of prior knowledge, 2–3 surveys conducted with snowpack <30.5 cm and 2–4 days after a snowfall without high wind should yield reliable occupancy status with 95% confidence in detection. Incorporating our recommendations into monitoring programs will improve the accuracy of patch‐specific occupancy data for New England cottontail. Our approach and findings may be applicable to monitoring other rare, cryptic, or threatened species that occupy dense habitats, especially where patch‐level occupancy knowledge is required. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas Incidentally Found on Postoperative Pathological Examination
Authors: Yoshida Akira , Sugino Kiminori , Sugitani Iwao , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackground
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is occasionally found on postoperative pathological examination of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). There is no general consensus on how we should treat these incidentally diagnosed ATC (incidental ATC).Materials and methodsA total of 675 patients with ATC were registered with the ATC Research Consortium of Japan. These patients were treated between 1995 and 2008 in 38 registered institutions. About 81 % of the ATC patients had common‐type ATC and about 14 % had ATC co‐existing with a metastatic DTC lesion. The remaining 5 % had incidental ATC. Among the patients with incidental ATC, we investigated 25 patients whose clinical data were fully available. We examined the clinical profile of incidental ATC, and the relationships between treatment and outcome in patients with incidental ATC.ResultsThe tumor size was clearly smaller, and patients with extrathyroid invasion or distant metastasis were significantly fewer in incidental ATC than in common‐type ATC. Most incidental ATC coexisted with papillary carcinoma. While the clinical course of incidental ATC was favorable compared with common‐type ATC, half of the patients had disease‐related deaths. The prognostic factors of incidental ATC were nearly the same as those of common‐type ATC, but the tumor size alone was an independent factor on multivariate analysis. Regarding treatments, the outcome was more favorable in those who underwent curative resection, and the clinical course showed a slight improvement by the addition of external beam radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy after curative resection, but it did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionIncidental ATC is the only curable type of ATC, and further studies are needed to establish the effectiveness of additional postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy in incidental ATC.
Perioperative Care with Fast‐Track Management in Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Kobayashi Shinjiro , Ooshima Ryuiti , Koizumi Satoshi , Katayama Masafumi , Sakurai Joe , Watanabe Taiji , Nakano Hiroshi , Imaizumi Toshihide , Otsubo Takehito 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundIt has been considered that allowing patients to return to daily life earlier after surgery helps recovery of physiological function and reduces postoperative complications and hospital stay. We investigated the usefulness of fast‐track management in perioperative care of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).MethodsPatients (n = 90) who received conventional perioperative management from 2005 to 2009 were included as the ‘conventional group’ (historical control group), and patients who received perioperative care with fast‐track management (n = 100) from 2010 to March 2013 were included as the ‘fast‐track group’. To evaluate the efficacy of perioperative care with fast‐track management, the incidence of postoperative complications and the length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups (comparative study). For statistical analysis, univariate analysis was performed using the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in sex, mean age, presence/absence of diabetes mellitus, preoperative drainage for jaundice, previous disease, operative procedure, mean duration of operation, or blood loss (p < 0.01). The incidence of surgical site infection in the conventional group and fast‐track group was 28.9 and 14.0 %, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.019). In addition, the incidence of pancreatic fistula (grade B, C) significantly differed between the two groups (27.8 % in the conventional group, 9.0 % in the fast‐track group; p = 0.001). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 36.3 days in the conventional group and 21.9 days in the fast‐track group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPerioperative care with fast‐track management may reduce postoperative complications and decrease the length of hospital stay in patients undergoing PD.
Perineal colostomy: An option in the treatment of inferior rectal and anal canal cancer
Authors: Gama Luciano P. Nogueira da , Mota Sander Dias , Flauzino Thiago de Almeida , Ribeiro Flávia Lemos Moura , Loureiro Giovanni José Zucoloto , Gama Rossini Cipriano 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction The surgical treatment of anorectal cancer is considered a challenging topic. Colostomy, temporary or permanent, can be a serious limiting factor with respect to the quality of life of cancer patients. Our goal is to study the clinical and surgical experience in patients with anorectal cancer, in whom we proceeded to abdominoperineal resection with a perineal colostomy at the anterior border of the incision resulting from the amputation of the rectum.
Methods The medical records of patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection with perineal colostomy from January 1st, 1998 to July 1st, 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.
Results Twenty-seven patients were studied; 15 (55.56%) were male and 12 (44.44%) females, with a mean age of 56.3 years. The average length of hospital stay was 7.4 days. Complications included four (14.8%) prolapses of the perineal colostomy, which were surgically treated after the sixth month postoperatively, two (7.4%) partial suture dehiscences of the perineal colostomy, treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, two (7.4%) stenoses of the perineal colostomy, treated with dilation, two (7.4%) incisional hernias and one (3.7%) urinary incontinence.
Conclusion The perineal colostomy is a relatively new proposition, with acceptable morbidity rates. We understand that the perineal colostomy dismisses the use of a collection device, leaves no odor and allows the periodic application of enemas for colon cleansing, which prevents stoma incontinence. Another advantage is to enable the patient's return to a good social and work interaction; thus, it will be possible his (her) reintroduction into society.
Total mesorectal excision and sphincter preservation — the early steps of rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Perez Rodrigo O. , Julião Guilherme P. São , Proscurshim Igor , Sabbagh Charles , Grzona Esteban , Lynn Patricio B. , Gama-Rodrigues Joaqim 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe treatment of rectal cancer has evolved significantly over the last 100 years. Standardization of total mesorectal excision and the development of techniques for sphincter preservation have resulted in significant improvements in the management of this disease. Still, local disease control and functional outcomes of sphincter preserving procedures remain a relevant issue. In this historical paper, the oncological and functional outcomes of patients with rectal cancer treated between 1960 and 1971 by a pioneer woman surgeon using a sphincter preserving approach and a technique resembling total mesorectal excision performed at that time are reported. The results reflect one of the earliest steps of partial intersphincteric resection and total mesorectal excision with good oncological outcomes (2% local recurrence) and acceptable functional outcomes in a highly selected group of patients.
Preoperative embolization of a cavernous hemangioma of the rectum
Authors: Carvalho Raphael Gurgel de , Feitosa Marley Ribeiro , Urbano Gustavo , Guzela Vivian Regina , Joviliano Edwaldo Edner , Féres Omar , Rocha Jose Joaquim Ribeiro da 
Published: April 2014

AbstractColorectal cavernous hemangioma is a rare benign vascular neoplasia that may be found in any segment of the colon and cause recurrent and painless rectal bleeding. Standard treatment of rectal hemangioma consists of resection of the affected segment followed by coloanal anastomosis. Massive bleeding during the operation is the most feared complication, especially during extensive resection or reoperation. The authors describe a preoperative embolization of a rectal hemangioma with Onyx-18® and microspheres, in a 49-year-old patient with successful prevention of uncontrolled hemorrhage during surgery.
IMPROVED RANK BOUNDS FOR DESIGN MATRICES AND A NEW PROOF OF KELLY’S THEOREM
Authors: DVIR ZEEV , SARAF SHUBHANGI , WIGDERSON AVI 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe study the rank of complex sparse matrices in which the supports of different columns have small intersections. The rank of these matrices, called design matrices, was the focus of a recent work by Baraket al. [Rank bounds for design matrices with applications to combinatorial geometry and locally correctable codes.Proceedings of the 43rd annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing, STOC 11, (ACM, NY 2011), 519–528] in which they were used to answer questions regarding point configurations. In this work, we derive near-optimal rank bounds for these matrices and use them to obtain asymptotically tight bounds in many of the geometric applications. As a consequence of our improved analysis, we also obtain a new, linear algebraic, proof of Kelly’s theorem, which is the complex analog of the Sylvester–Gallai theorem.
Ship waves and Kelvin
Authors: Dias F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractShip wakes are fascinating. They can be observed by the human eye and appear to have a V shape when the ship is advancing at constant speed along a straight trajectory. Under idealized conditions, Kelvin found that the angle between the two branches of the V is ${\sim }39^\circ $. However, in a number of cases, this angle appears to be smaller. This phenomenon has been studied by various authors, and several explanations have been suggested. The most elegant one, which is based on the amplitude of the ship waves rather than their phase, has recently been revisited by Darmon, Benzaquen & Raphaël (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 738, 2014, R3).
Correlation analysis of intense ion beam energy in a self magnetically insulated diode
Authors: Pushkarev A.I. , Isakova Yu.I. , Khaylov I.P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a statistical and correlation analysis of the energy and energy density of an ion beam formed by a self-magnetically insulated diode with an explosive emission cathode. The experiments were carried out with the TEMP-4M accelerator operating in double-pulse mode: plasma formation occurs during the first pulse (negative polarity, 300–500 ns, 100–150 kV), and ion extraction and acceleration during the second pulse (positive polarity, 120 ns, 250–300 kV). Various arrangements of diodes have been investigated: strip focusing and planar diodes, a conical focusing diode and a spiral diode. The total ion beam energy was measured using both a calorimeter and an infrared camera and the beam energy density was measured by the thermal imaging and acoustic diagnostics. The correlation analysis showed that ion current density is only weakly dependent on the accelerating voltage and other output parameters of the accelerator, with the coefficient of determination <0.3. At the same time, in this paper, we have identified that the total energy of the beam and the energy density is strongly dependant on the accelerator output parameters, since the coefficient of determination >0.9. The mechanism governing stabilization of the beam energy density from shot to shot was discovered and attributed to formation of the neutral component in ion beam as being due to charge exchange between accelerated ions and neutral molecules from a neutral layer near the anode surface. Implementation using a self-magnetically insulated diode with an explosive-emission cathode, having an operational lifetime of up to 106 shots, has promising prospects for various technological applications.