bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quand Internet ébranle : Les modèles d’affaires du franchisage
Authors: King Brian 
Published: March 2015

Le développement de la vente sur Internet, la présence en ligne de nouveaux acteurs indépendants, la disponibilité de l’information concurrentielle, l’impact des applications d’évaluation, l’apparition d’une « économie de partage » sont autant d’innovations sur Internet qui ébranlent le monde des franchises dans leur dynamique concurrentielle. À l’heure des potentialités d’Internet, est-il (encore) certain qu’acheter une franchise constitue une si bonne affaire ? Si oui, à quelles conditions ? Explications et conseils stratégiques.
L’état de l’énergie au Québec 2015
Authors: Pineau Pierre-Olivier , Whitmore Johanne , d’Amours Liette 
Published: March 2015

Au moment où de grandes décisions doivent se prendre en matière d’énergie, un constat navrant s’impose : au pays, les informations sur les systèmes énergétiques sont éparpillées, difficiles d’accès et manquent parfois de cohérence. Ainsi, bien que le Canada soit le cinquième producteur d’énergie au monde, les gouvernements provinciaux et fédéral ne fournissent pas d’accès global et structuré aux données sur l’énergie. Cette situation peut limiter considérablement notre compréhension du secteur, affecter les perceptions et même compromettre la prise de décision sur les enjeux rencontrés. C’est d’ailleurs pour apporter un meilleur éclairage sur ce secteur que la Chaire de gestion du secteur de l’énergie de HEC Montréal lançait en décembre dernier la toute première édition de l’ État de l’énergie au Québec .
Interprofessional Problem-Based Learning Project Outcomes Between Prelicensure Baccalaureate of Science in Nursing and Doctor of Pharmacy Programs
Authors: Hodges Helen F. , Massey Ann T. 
Published: March 2015

Background:
Persistently high medical error rates, caregiver dissatisfaction, and compromised patient safety often result from poorly coordinated, increasingly complex health care. Barriers to interprofessional health professions education persist despite the urgent calls for improved quality and safety. Investigators explored the effects of a problem-based learning (PBL) strategy between prelicensure doctorate of pharmacy (PharmD) and baccalaureate nursing (BSN) students.

Method:
A descriptive design was used to compare the learning gains and satisfaction with a PBL hybrid approach for BSN and PharmD prelicensure student groups over three academic terms.

Results:
Consistent with earlier works, content-based learning gains and student satisfaction were not significantly different between groups. Narrative data provide insight into perceived benefits, barriers, and perspectives of participating students and facilitators.

Conclusion:

Attributes of this pedagogical approach provide opportunity for prelicensure students to explore professional interdependence while adequately mastering fact-based content. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(4):201–206.]
One Thousand Words: Evaluating an Interdisciplinary Art Education Program
Authors: Klugman Craig M. , Beckmann-Mendez Diana 
Published: March 2015

Background:
Art Rounds, an innovative interdisciplinary program, began as a pilot project to determine if use of fine arts instructional strategies would be of benefit in health professional education. Specifically, students were exposed to fine art and taught to use visual thinking strategies (VTS). The initial evaluation of the pilot program revealed improved physical observation skills, increased tolerance for ambiguity, and increased interest in communication skills. More recently, the Art Rounds program has been expanded to an interdisciplinary elective course open to both nursing student and medical students at all levels.

Method:
An evaluation of Art Rounds as a semester- long course was conducted by course faculty and compared to the original pilot program for differences and similarities.

Results/Conclusion:

Outcomes have demonstrated that the use of visual arts and humanities continues to be highly effective in improving students’ physical observation skills and a powerful tool for teaching nursing students how to be skilled clinicians. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(4):220–223.]
One-Year Results From Clinical Practice of Epimacular Strontium-90 Brachytherapy for the Treatment of Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to AMD
Authors: Zur Dinah , Loewenstein Anat , Barak Adiel 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate clinical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of epiretinal strontium-90 brachytherapy in subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in eyes unresponsive to repeated anti-VEGF injections.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective, single-center study on patients treated with strontium-90 brachytherapy for CNV secondary to neovascular AMD. Patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy with a single 24 Gy dose brachytherapy. They were re-treated with anti-VEGF injections on an as-needed basis if subretinal or intraretinal fluid was detected on optical coherence tomography imaging.

RESULTS:
Twenty-two patients were treated, and 20 completed 12 months of follow-up. Ten patients maintained stable vision, eight gained vision, and two lost more than three Snellen lines. The mean best corrected visual acuity change from baseline was −8 ± 5.7 letters. A mean of 5.5 ± 4.4 anti-VEGF injections were administered throughout 12 months.

CONCLUSION:
Epimacular brachytherapy is feasible in clinical practice. While some patients benefit from the treatment and need significantly fewer as-needed injections, others appear not to react to irradiation treatment after 1 year of follow-up. Larger numbers of patients are needed to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and to determine which patients can benefit from combined radiation and anti-VEGF therapy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:338–343.]
Design and Development of a Greenland Ice and Metocean Geoportal
Authors: Ross E. , Loos E. , Fissel D.B. , Lapidakis Y. , Zhang O. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Completed and planned metocean and ice measurement programs off Greenland's eastern and western coasts result in large and varied datasets characterizing physical phenomena such as icebergs, sea ice, seabed scours, weather, surface waves, ocean currents, and water properties. Future planned measurement programs will expand on the spatial and temporal breadth of these datasets. Other datasets support the analysis of the measurement data including license area locations, bathymetry, glacier calving areas, and notable submarine features.
In order to plan measurement programs, manage the acquired datasets, and use the data for characterization of the physical environment, a web-based geoportal was designed and developed. The geoportal aids scientists and engineers in their discovery and use of metocean and ice data. The geoportal development required balancing two aspects. Firstly, scientists and engineers have extensive needs to upload, organize, search, visualize, analyze, and download large and varied datasets. Secondly, there are inherent limitations of web technologies due to bandwidth, latency, and security constraints. Many design decisions were focused on balancing these issues and are presented here.
Forecasting Ice and Weather Conditions for Field Operations in Alaska
Authors: Raye Robert 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Accurate and reliable surveillance and forecasting of environmental conditions are necessary for safe and efficient oil and gas activities both onshore and offshore. In the Arctic, environmental challenges include seasonal sea ice and low temperature extremes. In the absence of pooled forecasting services and operational-grade forecasting capacity by public weather services, Shell has developed and operates an in-house, Anchorage based forecasting program designed specifically for the demands and requirements of Shell's Alaska operations.
The Shell Ice and Weather Advisory Center (SIWAC), now in its eighth year of operation, has evolved to be the most comprehensive and focused ice and weather forecast operation covering the offshore and coastal areas from the Gulf of Alaska to the Canadian Beaufort Sea. SIWAC consists of a team of fulltime Arctic-experienced forecasters working in a 24/7 rotation schedule and are fully integrated into the operations process, directly engaging with field personnel and decision makers.
Development of differentiating forecast products and services depends not only on an expert team, but also a robust observation program consisting of contracted and public satellite imagery, a network of Metocean buoys, satellite-tracked ice movement beacons, and steady stream of field observations from specially trained personnel aboard marine and aviation assets.
In 2011, Shell entered into a Memorandum of Agreement with the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration that described a framework for collaboration, communication, and information sharing between the Agency and Industry.
This agreement leverages the strengths of each party and opens Shell's Arctic ice and Metocean data for use within NOAA forecasting offices, numerical model ingestion, climate research, and general public consumers.
A Multi-Purpose Submarine Concept for Arctic Offshore Operations
Authors: Brandt Hendrik , Frühling Christian , Hollung Achim , Schiemann Marc , Voß Thomas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe paper reports results of a feasibility study for the development of a multi-purpose submarine which could be applied to a variety of offshore operations sub-ice and in harsh weather areas. The study has jointly been carried out by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH and Statoil ASA. Within the scope of the present study, a concept design for a submarine has been derived which can make a significant contribution to the successful development of arctic oil and gas projects. The versatile vessel is designed for several key missions. Installation, inspection, maintenance, and repair tasks for subsea facilities can be performed in water depths up to 1500 m by the use of an on-board gantry crane, an automatic storage system, and two work class ROVs. The boat can also be used to perform seabed seismic surveys at the same water depth. Furthermore the submarine offers unique abilities to respond to sub-ice oil and gas spills. The paper gives an overview of the vessel's layout, capabilities, main systems, safety features, and operational prospects.
Modelling of a Thermal Discharge in an Ice-covered Estuary in Finland
Authors: de Graaff Reimer , Lindfors Antti , de Goede Erik , Rasmus Kai , Morelissen Robin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Numerical modelling of ice growth, melt and transport on regional scales such as coastal seas, estuaries, rivers or lakes can provide crucial input for safe and efficient designs and installations of marine infrastructure in arctic, sub-arctic or mid-latitude regions. The modelling of ice and related complex physical processes on these regional scales is however still rather unexplored.
The complexity of ice modelling on local and regional scales is best illustrated in areas where ice-covered sea water is mixed with fresh river water and a thermal discharge from for instance a refinery or power plant. Such a situation exists in the Svartbackfjarden, an estuary some 35 km to the east of Helsinki, Finland. Two minor rivers discharge into this estuary. The estuary freezes during the winter with ice thicknesses typically in the range of 20 to 50 cm. In this estuary an oil refinery takes in cooling water at a depth of about 15 m. The heated water is discharged at the surface and results in melting of the sea ice in the vicinity of the outfall. However, given the fresh water from the rivers in the early spring, and the fact that the salinity of the intake water is higher than the surface water, the discharged cooling water has been observed to flow under the relatively cold fresh layer just under the ice. Due to mixing of the plume with the surrounding water, the temperature of the fresh water layer increases, leading to melting of the ice at some distance from the plant's outfall.
This paper presents a case study with Delft3D, which is a flexible integrated numerical modelling programme that enables simulation of 3-dimensional flow, sediment transport, morphology, waves, spills, water quality and ecology, in combination with a recently developed ice module. The 3-dimensional modelling with Delft3D of the thermal discharge from the oil refinery in the ice-covered Svartbackfjarden estuary is presented and compared to local observations of currents, water temperature, salinity and ice thickness. The case study will show the capability of Delft3D to cover all the relevant physical processes that determine the temporal and spatial characteristics of the ice and the thermal discharge, under influence of fresh river discharges, hydrodynamic, meteorological and atmospheric forcing.
These capabilities will contribute to the further development of integrated ice modelling on regional scales, eventually benefiting the sustainability, efficiency and safety of the designs of marine structures in ice-covered waters.
Virtual Arctic Simulation Environment
Authors: Hamilton Matthew , Dodd Stephen 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We present a virtual software simulation system for remotely-operated vehicle (ROV) operations in arctic and harsh environments particularly focused on subsea trenching. The system provides interactive, three-dimensional graphics and dynamics simulation with high fidelity. In addition to standard ROVs, the system can now simulate trenching and dredging vehicles such as jetters and ploughs. It also provides support for integration of data for visualization and analysis from a wide range of sources including sub-bottom imaging, seismic, bathymetry and sidescan sonar. Visualizations can be controlled to enhance features important for geological and geotechnical analysis.
Post-simulations of Ice Basin Tests of a Moored Structure in Broken Ice - Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Bonnemaire Basile , Tan Xiang , Serré Nicolas , Fredriksen Arnt , Metrikin Ivan , Gürtner Arne 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Interaction between a moored structure and drifting broken ice is a complex process. To document the expected structure response, ice basin tests of the interaction are common practice. The outcomes of ice basin tests need to be carefully analyzed before extrapolation to expected full-scale target responses. The preferred strategy is to use numerical simulations to correct the measurements. The numerical model needs to be qualified by successful post-simulations of the achieved ice basin interactions.
Post-simulations of interactions between drifting broken ice and a moored floating structure are of high complexity. The response of both the structure and the ice field needs to be replicated. This requires a good modeling of the ice field properties that matter (such as the floe size distributions and concentrations) and the boundary conditions affecting the interactions (such as the effect of the ice basin walls).
Statoil's SIBIS numerical model is used to post-simulate ice basin tests of the moored Cat-I drillship. The present paper discusses the challenges with such post-simulations and presents the philosophy chosen for achieving successful postsimulations.
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Operations in the Arctic
Authors: McMillan John 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
There is an increasing interest in Arctic and Antarctic studies, both from a scientific and commercial point of view. Due to the unpredictable climate conditions and the ice cover, as well as the difficulty conducting AUV operations with support ships with the cost and scarcity of icebreakers and the presence of thick ice, AUVs are an ever-increasing option due to their ability to survey underneath the ice at long intervals.
Users are becoming more receptive to the idea of using AUVs in unsupervised under-ice operations, and the capability to do this is advancing. International Submarine Engineering Ltd is the only subsea AUV developer with the Arctic experience behind it, specifically in operational hours under the ice.
There is no doubt that the basis for ISE's successes lies in using a reliable, robust AUV and the underlying twenty years of work contributed to its development. For ISE, research deployments in the 1980's and 1990's and subsequent AUV deployments also provided background experience that was invaluable. From there, pulling off a successful under-ice deployment was essentially a matter of planning and testing.
An example of the capability of current AUVs to operate unsupervised is the high Arctic field work by two Arctic Explorer Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) built by ISE for Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). They were deployed in 2010 and 2011 to conduct under-ice bathymetric surveys in support of Canada's sovereignty claim under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). These were the first long range AUV missions to have been undertaken at high latitude, and the first in which seabed survey data was successfully gathered over long distances working from both ice camps and icebreakers.
As Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are now exploring more challenging terrain than ever, the need for an obstacle avoidance system has become apparent. Obstacle avoidance systems (OAS) in unmanned systems are far from new. However, adapting existing methodologies to AUVs presents a new set of challenges.
Last year, International Submarine Engineering Ltd (ISE) tackled the task of adding an OAS to its line of Explorer AUVs. ISE's experience with obstacle avoidance strategies started in 1985 when the technology was added to ARCS, ISE's first AUV. ISE is the only company in the world with proven under the ice capability using AUVs.
This presentation will cover the experiences ISE has under its belt with Arctic operations as well as how new technologies have been applied in order to tackle the ever growing need to perform successful operations under the ice.
Using Autonomous Marine Vehicles to Enable Accurate Wellbore Placement in the Arctic
Authors: Poedjono Benny , Pai Sudhir , Maus Stefan , Manoj Chandrashekaran , Paynter Ryan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper describes a study using an autonomous marine vehicle with satellite communications, to accurately collect and deliver in real-time magnetic measurements, to calculate Total Magnetic Intensity in marine environments in the absence of Earth magnetic observatories.
New capabilities in the monitoring of auroral electrojet disturbances allow improved well placement for increased oil and gas recovery in the Arctic, and provide operators accurate geomagnetic reference values, enabling tighter quality control of MWD equipment, enhancing safety and reducing nonproductive time.
In the Arctic, Measurement while drilling (MWD) processing must include corrections for rapid changes in the geomagnetic field caused by auroral electrojet currents. The auroral zone is a region where the electric field of the magnetosphere precipitates along magnetic field lines into the ionosphere. Converting the magnetic azimuth to a true azimuth requires accurate knowledge of the geomagnetic field at the point of measurement downhole at the drill bit. Equipped with this information lateral uncertainties can be reduced by 50%.
At higher latitudes, the strength of the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field shrinks, which exacerbates any error sources that accumulate while surveying. This has an enormously negative effect on surveying accuracy at high latitudes. Data from Earth magnetic observatories and variometer stations can be analyzed to characterize the auroral electrojets and compensate for the disturbance. Knowledge of the spatial structure of the electrojets’ magnetic signature is essential for deploying a ground network of monitoring stations in the Arctic. This network provides the real-time geomagnetic infrastructure essential to support MWD operations, making it the most cost-effective technology available to achieve accurate wellbore placement in horizontal, relief well, and extended reach drilling. However the number of Earth magnetic observatories is limited in the Arctic.
Autonomous marine vehicles can now be deployed for geomagnetic surveying. In recent testing, two autonomous marine vehicles were equipped with towed magnetometers. To investigate the accuracy of the measurements, the two vehicles surveyed exact-repeat profiles. The measurements of the two vehicles agreed to within 2nT, exceeding even the stringent 5nT standard for geomagnetic observatories. This test demonstrates the utility of autonomous marine vehicles to carry out crustal magnetic surveys and monitor disturbance fields in support of offshore directional drilling operations.
Note: This paper is a consolidation of 2 papers, Poedjono et al, OTC-25228 and OTC 1726418
Iceberg Remote Sensing in Arctic Harsh Conditions
Authors: Kim Anna N. , Scibilia Francesco , Bouquet Grégory 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Ice remote sensing is a critical element of ice management for oil and gas operations in Arctic waters. Both strategic and tactical decisions related to drilling and production operations are significantly influenced by the ice detection capabilities. Common ship borne remote sensing systems today include marine radars, optical and thermal infrared sensors.
However, a range of adverse environmental factors can dramatically reduce the performance of these systems. Fog, haze, strong wind, snow and rain, waves, along with the Arctic winter nights can create challenging operating conditions. Particularly the detection of relatively small icebergs (namely growlers and bergy bits) in harsh weather conditions often arises as a hazard for marine operations.
Remote sensing technology is developing continuously. Several techniques aimed at enhancing sensor performance under poor visibility or in darkness do exist today. Active illumination for example, can be used to compensate for lacking of sufficient external light.
This paper presents a review of the current and emerging remote sensing technologies that can be applied for growlers and bergy bits detection under harsh Arctic weather conditions. The frequency range of the ice sensors studied covers parts of the electro-magnetic (EM) spectrum, which include visible light (0.38 to 0.7 µm) and infrared (IR) (0.75 µm to 15µm). Sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), hyperspectral imaging, and thermal IR image are evaluated. Promising enhancing techniques as active illumination and range-gate imaging are discussed.