bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical and legal diagnoses comparison of the occupational diseases: A nationwide study in Turkey
Authors: Medeni İrem , Alagüney Mehmet Erdem , Medeni Volkan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe underreporting of occupational diseases in many countries significantly hampers the development of intervention programs, posing a significant public health problem. Our study aimed to contribute to the occupational diseases surveillance by examining the data of hospitals authorized to issue reports throughout Turkey.Material and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted using medical diagnoses of occupational diseases reported to the General Directorate of Public Health from 81 provinces in Turkey between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022. The study evaluated hospitals that made medical diagnoses of occupational diseases and compared age groups, genders, occupational disease diagnosis groups and provinces of work regarding legal and medical diagnoses.ResultsThe top three disease groups in terms of medical diagnosis are musculoskeletal disorders with 38.8%, respiratory diseases with 14.4% and hearing defects with 10.9%. Regarding legal diagnoses, respiratory system diseases ranked first with 26.4%, followed by musculoskeletal disorders with 8.2% and hearing defects with 5.5%. While the provinces where most cases of medical occupational diseases are diagnosed share similarities, the majority of affected individuals in Karabük and Batman have not received a legal recognition of the occupational disease. Two‐thirds of Turkey's medical occupational disease diagnoses were made in two hospitals.ConclusionThis study is reflecting national data in Turkey and is the country's first nationwide study. The number of occupational diseases in Turkey is lower than expected. It would be more accurate to express the data in a way that includes medical diagnoses instead of using the number of compensated files corresponding to legal diagnoses.
Dezocine as preemptive analgesia alleviates ultrapulse CO2 fractional laser treatment induced pain in patients with acne scars
Authors: Zhang Qian , Li Xiaoqin , Wang Yuanli , Gao Ni , Zhang Rongli , Wu Jingjing , Wu Fengqin , Song Pu , Chen Min , Wang Gang , Gao Lin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundUltrapluse CO2 fractional laser technology has emerged as an effective treatment for scar management. However, one drawback of this modality is the pain caused during the procedure. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of dezocine (DZC) as preemptive analgesia for reduction of pain induced by ultrapulse CO2 fractional laser treatment for acne scars.MethodsThe study cohort included 78 outpatients with acne scars between February and April 2023. Patients were randomly assigned into three groups with intravenous injection (iv) of DZC prior to laser treatment: (1) control, iv of saline; (2) DZC group 1 (DZC_1), iv of DZC at 0.15 mg/kg; and (3) DZC_2, iv of DZC at 0.20 mg/kg. After 30 min, one session of ultrapulse CO2 fractional laser treatment on acne scars was performed. Hemodynamics, visual analogue scale (VAS), and anxiety visual analog test (AVAT) were monitored prior to, during, and after the procedure.ResultsOperative success rates for patients in the control, DZC_1, and DZC_2 groups were 34.6%, 84.6%, and 100%, respectively. DZC administered with either dosage significantly reduced the VAS and AVAT scores of patients in treatment groups as compared with the subjects in the control group during the course of ultrapulse CO2 fractional laser treatment. Patients in DZC_1 and DZC_2 groups did not show any significant difference in hemodynamic parameters, VAS, and AVAT scores. Temporary adverse effects such as nausea and dizziness were observed in some subjects after treatment; the symptoms were quickly dissolved after a rest in supine position.ConclusionsDZC as preemptive analgesia could effectively reduce pain and anxiety induced by ultrapulse CO2 fractional laser treatment in patients. This study provided an option of preemptive anesthesia to minimize the pain and discomforts associated with laser treatments in clinical practices.
Research situation, hot spots, and global trends of melasma therapy: Bibliometric insights and visual analysis from 2000 to 2023
Authors: Zheng Chenjie , Wen Xue , Zhang Lanfang , Li Lin , Wen Yang , Jiang Feng , Zeng Ni , Sun Nana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is a prevalent pigmented disease, yet its pathogenesis remains unclear, posing challenges for effective treatment. Bibliometric analysis, a novel approach to literature research, offers the opportunity to evaluate research trends through qualitative and quantitative methods. This study utilizes bibliometric methods to analyze the existing literature on melasma treatment, examining influential publications, institutions, countries, and authors through statistical analysis.MethodsIn order to retrieve manuscripts related to the topic of melasma treatment, we conducted a search using the search formula: (TS = (melasma or Chloasma or “mask of pregnancy”)) AND TS = (treatment or therapy). We searched through the Web of Science Core Collection database, covering publications from 2000 to 2023. VOSviewer, CiteSpace and the Bibliometric online site (https://bibliometric.com/app) were used to conduct this bibliometric analysis. Our analysis focused on various factors including publications, authors co‐authorship, institutions, countries, citation analysis, keywords co‐occurrence, references co‐citation and journal co‐citation.ResultsA total of 943 articles and 200 reviews were published between 2000 and 2023, accumulating a total of 8628 citations. The average number of citations per item was 18.85, and the average number of citations per year was 292.69. The most prolific author, Sungeun Chang, contributed a total of 9 articles. Cario University emerged as the top research institution. The United States led in terms of article publications with a count of 276. In the past 5 years, the research trends in this field have primarily focused on tranexamic acid and epidermal melasma, as indicated by the burst analysis of publications and keywords.ConclusionsThe United States continues to lead in terms of institutions and research output. The current emphasis is on the meticulous implementation of tranexamic acid and laser therapy. It is crucial to foster enhanced collaboration among countries, institutions, and authors to facilitate improved research.
INFORM‐AF II—Phase 1 pilot randomised controlled trial evaluating the effect of an atrial fibrillation digital education programme: study protocol
Authors: Ferguson Caleb , Allida Sabine , William Scott , Downie Annie , Wilson Tonia , John Reejamol , McDonagh Julee , Lababedi Judith , Bajorek Beata , Hickman Louise , Wynne Rochelle 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of a novel, co‐designed, digital AF educational program, ‘INFORM‐AF’, to reduce re‐hospitalisation of people with AF.The secondary aims are to examine the effect of the intervention on: (a) reducing cardiovascular‐related hospitalisation, (b) increasing medication adherence, AF‐related knowledge, and Atrial fibrillation (AF)‐related quality of life and (c) determining the cost‐effectiveness of the intervention.BackgroundAF is an increasingly prevalent cardiac arrythmia that involves complex clinical management. Comprehensive education is essential for successful self‐management of AF and is associated with positive health‐related outcomes. There has been an increase in technology‐based education for AF. However, its effects on hospitalisation, medication adherence and patient‐reported outcomes are unclear.DesignA prospective, randomised (1:1), open‐label, blinded‐endpoint, multicentre clinical trial.MethodsEligible participants are aged 18 years or above, diagnosed with AF, and own a smartphone. The study will be conducted at two metropolitan hospitals. In the intervention group, participants will receive the AF educational program delivered via Qstream®. In the control group, participants will receive the Stroke Foundation ‘Living with AF’ booklet. The primary outcome is re‐hospitalisation within 12 months from an indexed presentation or hospital admission.ConclusionThis clinical trial is part of a developing program of work that will examine mHealth educational‐behavioural interventions on cardiovascular outcomes. Findings from this pilot study will inform the development of a digital educational framework for patients living with AF.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThere remain many gaps in providing high‐quality patient education for patients with AF. This trial will test a new theory‐driven, smartphone‐based education program on important clinical outcomes, including rehospitalisation.Impact

This study evaluates a novel, co‐designed, digital AF educational program, ‘INFORM‐AF’, to reduce the re‐hospitalisation of people with AF.

Study results are expected to be reported in 2025.

Findings are expected to inform practice recommendations for AF patient education that may be included in future clinical practice guideline recommendations.

Reporting MethodSPIRIT Checklist.Patient or Publication ContributionJL is a consumer co‐researcher on the project and provided critical input into intervention design, and feedback and input across the study duration.
Combined gonadotropin therapy to replace mini‐puberty in male infants with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Rhys‐Evans Sophie , Howard Sasha R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInfants born with severe central disorders of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis leading to gonadotropin deficiency not only lack pubertal development in adolescence, but also lack infantile mini‐puberty. This period of mini‐puberty, where infants have gonadotropin and sex steroid concentrations up into the adult range, is vital for future reproductive capacity, particularly in boys. At present, there is no consensus on the diagnosis or management of infants with gonadotropin deficiency due to congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism or multiple pituitary hormone deficiency. Case series suggest that gonadotropin treatment in male infants with absent mini‐puberty is effective in promoting both testicular descent in those with undescended testes and also facilitating increased penile size. Moreover, replacement with follicle‐stimulating hormone increases the testicular Sertoli cell population, measurable as an increase in testicular volume and inhibin B, thus hypothetically increasing the capacity for spermatogenesis in adult life for these patients. However, long‐term follow‐up data is limited for both outcomes pertaining to fertility and nonreproductive sequelae, including neurodevelopment and psychological well‐being. The use of international registries for patients with gonadotropin deficiency is a key element in the collection of high‐quality, geographically widespread data to inform best‐practice management from birth to adulthood.
Classification of the Congenital Defect of the Lumbar Facet Joint: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Shuo , Lin Gengxiao , Zhao Geng , Qiu Cheng , Wang Lianlei , Yuan Suomao , Tian Yonghao , Liu Xinyu 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundCongenital lumbar facet joint defect is a rare congenital developmental disorder with only a few reported cases in the literature, primarily affecting the L5‐S1 segments. This study reports the first case of a defect in the left L3 inferior articular process; and presents a review of the existing literature on the subject, proposes a classification system, and validates the inter‐observer and intra‐observer reliability of this classification system.Case PresentationA 14‐year‐old boy presented to our orthopedic clinic with persistent lower back pain for 1 month. Imaging analysis, including CT scans, 3D reconstruction, and MRI, revealed a congenital lumbar facet joint defect at the L3 level, which has not been reported. Conservative treatment resulted in a significant improvement in his symptoms, and he is currently under follow‐up care.ConclusionCongenital defect of the lumbar facet joint is a rare spinal condition. This article reports the first patient with a defect in the left L3 inferior articular process and conducts a comprehensive literature review, proposing a classification of articular process defects into five types. The two most common types are Types B and C. We have demonstrated that this system is reliable and reproducible and have described the treatment of each type.
Locomotory and morphological evolution of the earliest Silurian graptolite Demirastrites selected by hydrodynamics
Authors: Shijia Gao , Tan Jingqiang , Wang Wenhui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInterpretation of the locomotion of biostratigraphically important graptolite taxa is rare, and rendered problematic due to a lack of close modern analogues and soft tissues. In this study, based on well‐preserved specimens of the early Silurian low‐helical spiral Demirastrites Eisel, we reconstructed three‐dimensional Demirastrites models and simulated their locomotion using computational fluid dynamics. Hydrodynamic properties (outer‐wall pressure fields and velocity fields) were obtained and used to test the prevailing hypothesis that the Silurian low helical spiral graptolite Demirastrites could rotate in seawater. The Demirastrites models kept rotating at different velocities in the simulation field, which helped to counteract the impact of the water current and achieve stability. During rotation, higher velocity fields could be observed near the thecal apertures, which meant better access to more nutrient particles in the sea water. Our simulation thus confirmed the rotating locomotory pattern of the Silurian low conical graptolite Demirastrites for the purpose of better feeding efficiency and tubarium stability. Moreover, we analysed how the evolution of structural innovations, such as the density and width of thecae and angle of proximal curvature of the tubarium within the recovered geological lineages of Demirastrites, were influenced and selected by hydrodynamics. The results showed that Demirastrites lineages evolved towards increased stability and higher rotation velocity. Our study highlights the importance of hydrodynamic constraints serving as hidden abiotic factors shaping the evolution of planktonic graptolites.
PLA2G2D promotes immune escape in non‐small cell lung cancer by regulating T cell immune function through PD‐L1‐expressing extracellular vesicles
Authors: Jing Hui , Cao Xubo , Li Ke , Liu Yuanyuan , Meng Meng , Liu Shuan , Ye Mengjie , Zhang Jinghao , Wu Yanmin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is urgent to explore factors affecting immunotherapy efficacy to benefit non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient survival. Bioinformatics predicted genes associated with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and analysed phospholipase A2 group IID (PLA2G2D) expression in NSCLC. BODIPY 493/503 dye staining and kits detected lipids, triglycerides, and phospholipids in H1299 cells, respectively. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were extracted for morphology and size assessment using electron microscopy. Western blot assayed CD9, CD63, HSP90, EVs‐PD‐L1, PD‐L1, and PLA2G2D expression. CCK‐8, LDH, and ELISA tested proliferation and toxicity of CD8+ T cells, interleukin‐2, and interferon‐gamma secretion, respectively. PLA2G2D, PD‐L1, and Ki67 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence assayed PLA2G2D localisation and CD8+ T cell content. Flow cytometry assessed PD‐L1 and CD8 expression. In NSCLC, upregulated EVs‐PD‐L1 and clinical characteristics showed a strong correlation. H1299 cells with overexpression PD‐L1 significantly reduced proliferation, toxicity of CD8+ T cells, and interleukin‐2 and interferon‐gamma levels. Bioinformatics revealed positive correlations between PLA2G2D and overexpressed PD‐L1. PLA2G2D was expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells in NSCLC tissue. Overexpression PLA2G2D (oe‐PLA2G2D) increased lipids, triglycerides, and phospholipids contents in H1299 cells. oe‐PLA2G2D significantly reduced proliferation, toxicity of CD8+ T cells, and interleukin‐2 and interferon‐gamma levels. si‐PD‐L1 restored inhibition of oe‐PLA2G2D on CD8+ T cells. oe‐PLA2G2D significantly increased mice tumour volume and weight, upregulated expression of blood EVs‐PD‐L1 and tissue PD‐L1, PLA2G2D, Ki67, and decreased CD8+ T cell content. PLA2G2D facilitated immune escape in NSCLC by regulating CD8+ T cell immune function by upregulating EVs‐PD‐L1.
“That's funny but…!”: University students, humor, and critical consciousness about anti‐black racism
Authors: Dance L. Janelle , Poudel Anna , Marvin Sutton 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUsing an exploratory sample of focus groups and surveys, we captured university students' experiences of comedic/satirical videos. We mined students' feedback to determine if those videos could enhance critical perspectives/consciousness about racial inequities, especially inequities impacting Black Americans. The literature on humor overflows with psychological explanations; we are more interested in sociological explanations. We find that when students interpret comedic materials intended as springboards for university discussions about racial inequities, they pay attention to social factors. These factors include the diversity or mixed company of classrooms; the social, cultural, historical, and/or linguistic contexts in comedic/satirical performances; and the racial/ethnic identities of both the comedians and the butts of the comedians' jokes. Intersectional identities may also play a role in perceptions of marginalized and dominant group members featured in the video clips. More specifically, students are more tolerant of Black comedians poking fun at Black characters/issues or critiquing, with levity, dominant group members and structures that are sources of racial inequities, especially inequities impacting Black Americans. Appropriate attention to social factors like these may lay a foundation for comedic/satirical materials to facilitate a reading of the world that helps students to become more reflexive about social/racial injustices.
The Modified Guyer-Krumhansl Equations Derived From the Linear Boltzmann Transport Equation
Authors: Xu Mingtian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Phonon hydrodynamics originated from the macroscopic energy and momentum balance equations (called Guyer-Krumhansl equations) proposed by Guyer and Krumhansl by solving the linearized Boltzmann transport equation for studying second sound in the normal-process collision dominated phonon transports in an isotropic nonmetallic crystal with a dispersionless frequency spectrum. However, the low-dimensional dielectric materials and semiconductors are anisotropic, and the different branches in their phonon frequency spectrum usually have different group velocities. For such materials, we derive the macroscopic energy and momentum balance equations from the linear Boltzmann transport equation to describe the phonon hydrodynamic transport, and solve the longstanding debate about whether the energy balance equation contains the second-order spatial derivatives of temperature. Finally, by solving the modified Guyer–Krumhansl equations, we find the minimum and maximum values of the length required by the occurrence of second sound in suspended single-layer graphene with the rectangular shape.
Successive Procedure for Solution Verification Based on User Needs
Authors: Weinmeister Justin , Sanjaya Devina P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper discusses a revised solution verification procedure for computational fluid dynamics simulations to estimate the uncertainties in the quantities of interest based on discretization error models. This proposed procedure builds upon current procedures described in ASME V&V 20 but provides more guidance in determining the necessary number of mesh levels to build reliable discretization error models. Such guidance is particularly useful for practicing engineers without prior experience in solution verification. The key features of this proposed solution verification procedure are the ability to determine the need for additional mesh levels iteratively and the seamless treatment for underdetermined, exact, and overdetermined solutions of the power series approximation to the discretization error models. This study applies the proposed procedure to a set of synthetic examples to demonstrate the revised procedure’s clarity in determining the number of mesh solutions required for a reliable estimate of the discretization error in computational fluid dynamics settings. Additionally, this proposed procedure prevents a potential pathway in the current procedure in ASME V&V 20 that may lead to unreasonably small discretization errors.
Effect of Thermal Gap Width Variation on Internal Temperatures of the TN-32B HBU Demo Cask
Authors: Higley Megan , Hadj-Nacer Mustafa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics porous fuel region model of the TN-32B spent nuclear fuel (SNF) cask used in the High Burnup (HBU) demonstration project is constructed and simulations are conducted in ANSYS/Fluent to predict temperatures within the cask. The effect of the variation of multiple millimeter-scale gap widths on cask internal temperatures is investigated. The size of these gaps is influenced by both predictable and unpredictable factors. Forty simulations for various widths of nine gaps selected using the Latin Hypercube Sampling method are conducted to assess temperature uncertainties at 63 SNF locations. The results are compared to the HBU measurements. The gap width variation resulted in 95% confidence interval temperature uncertainties between ±12°C and ±21°C. Most measured temperatures, including peak cladding temperature, are within the predicted temperature confidence interval. The peripheral Basket/Rail gap has the largest effect on overall temperature uncertainty.