bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of flow modeling performances—to build a matching system between catchment complexity and model types
Authors: Zhuo Lu , Dai Qiang , Han Dawei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHydrological models play a significant role in modelling river flow for decision making support in water resource management. In the past decades, many researchers have made a great deal of efforts in calibrating and validating various models, with each study being focused on one or two models. As a result, there is a lack of comparative analysis on the performance of those models to guide hydrologists to choose appropriate models for the individual climate and physical conditions. This paper describes a two‐level meta‐analysis to develop a matching system between catchment complexity (based on catchment significant features (CSFs)) and model types. The intention is to use the available CSF information for choosing the most suitable model type for a given catchment. In this study, the CSFs include the elements of climate, soil type, land cover and catchment scale. Specific choices of model types in small and medium catchments are further explored with all CSF information obtained. In particular, it is interesting to find that semi‐distributed models are the most suitable model type for catchments with the area over 3000 km2, regardless of other CSFs. The potential methodology for expanding the matching system between catchment complexity and model complexity is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of Unique Protonic and Hydrodynamic Behavior of Aqueous Solutions Confined in Extended Nanospaces
Authors: Morikawa Kyojiro , Tsukahara Takehiko 
Published: September 2014

AbstractStudies on novel devices utilizing characteristics of confined geometries have attracted much attention. In particular, a 10–1,000 nm space (extended nanospace) has been expected to establish superior chemical analysis systems in liquid phases, because it not only bridges the methodological gap between conventional nanotechnology and microfluidic technology, but also the scientific one between single molecules and the bulk condensed phase. Therefore, engineering, fluidics, and chemistry concerned with extended nanospaces have been investigated, and unique physicochemical phenomena in the spaces have been clarified. In this review, we summarize recent research outcomes about protonic and hydrodynamic properties of liquids confined in extended nanospaces. Furthermore, we assume a novel molecular description, composed of the electric double layer (EDL) model and the three‐phase model, consisting of adsorbed, proton transfer, and bulk phases, to explain the unique properties induced by the extended nanospace confinement. Finally, the device applications using extended nanospaces are introduced and their potentials are discussed.
IL-4/CCL22/CCR4 Axis Controls Regulatory T-Cell Migration That Suppresses Inflammatory Bone Loss in Murine Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Araujo-Pires Ana Claudia , Vieira Andreia Espindola , Francisconi Carolina Favaro , Biguetti Claudia Cristina , Glowacki Andrew , Yoshizawa Sayuri , Campanelli Ana Paula , Trombone Ana Paula Favaro , Sfeir Charles S , Little Steven R , Garlet Gustavo Pompermaier 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Inflammatory bone resorption is a hallmark of periodontitis, and Tregs and Th2 cells are independently associated with disease progression attenuation. In this study, we employed an infection-triggered inflammatory osteolysis model to investigate the mechanisms underlying Treg and Th2 cell migration and the impact on disease outcome. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans–infected C57Bl/6 (wild-type [WT]) mice develop an intense inflammatory reaction and alveolar bone resorption, and Treg and Th2 cell migration is temporally associated with disease progression attenuation. Tregs extracted from the lesions preferentially express CCR4 and CCR8, whereas Th2 cells express CCR3, CCR4, and CCR8. The absence of CCR5 and CCR8 did not significantly impact the migration of Tregs and Th2 cells or affect the disease outcome. CCR4KO mice presented a minor reduction in Th2 cells in parallel with major impairment of Treg migration, which was associated with increased inflammatory bone loss and higher proinflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokine levels. The blockade of the CCR4 ligand CCL22 in WT mice resulted in an increased inflammatory bone loss phenotype similar to that in the CCR4KO strain. Adoptive transfer of CCR4+ Tregs to the CCR4KO strain revert the increased disease phenotype to WT mice–like levels; also, the in situ production of CCL22 in the lesions is mandatory for Tregs migration and the consequent bone loss arrest. The local release of exogenous CCL22 provided by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles promotes migration of Tregs and disease arrest in the absence of endogenous CCL22 in the IL-4KO strain, characterized by the lack of endogenous CCL22 production, defective migration of Tregs, and exacerbated bone loss. In summary, our results show that the IL-4/CCL22/CCR4 axis is involved in the migration of Tregs to osteolytic lesion sites, and attenuates development of lesions by inhibiting inflammatory migration and the production of proinflammatory and osteoclastogenic mediators. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Does preoperative biliary drainage compromise the long‐term survival of patients with pancreatic head carcinoma?
Authors: Murakami Yoshiaki , Uemura Kenichiro , Hashimoto Yasushi , Kondo Naru , Nakagawa Naoya , Sasaki Hayato , Hatano Naoto , Kohmo Toshiaki , Sueda Taijiro 
Published: September 2014

Background and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) on long‐term survival in patients with pancreatic head carcinoma after surgical resection.MethodsMedical records of 160 patients with pancreatic head carcinoma who underwent surgical resection were reviewed retrospectively. Clinicopathological parameters including long‐term survival were compared between patients who did and did not undergo PBD.ResultsOverall survival of patients who underwent PBD (n = 93) was significantly worse than that of patients who did not (n = 67) by univariate analysis (P = 0.030). However, multivariate analysis revealed that PBD was not an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.227). Patients who underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) had significantly worse survival than patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD, P = 0.038) and patients who did not undergo PBD (P = 0.001). The rate of peritoneal recurrence in patients who underwent PTBD was significantly higher than that of patients who underwent ERBD (P = 0.033) or patients who did not undergo PBD (P = 0.034).ConclusionsPBD may not affect the long‐term survival of patients with pancreatic head carcinoma if ERBD is used. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:270–276. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Ion‐Containing Polyurethane Segmented Copolymers
Authors: Nelson Ashley M. , Long Timothy E. 
Published: September 2014

Despite the well‐established foundation of polyurethane chemistry in both industry and academia, research continues at a vigorous pace to refine synthetic processes and discover new functional materials. Incorporating ionic groups into polymers is a synthetic parameter capable of tailoring polymer properties and enabling emerging technologies. This review focuses on recent effort in the field of ion‐containing segmented polyurethane copolymers. Multiple synthetic strategies to incorporate both cationic and anionic sites, including a particular focus on waterborne polyurethane dispersions and green synthetic methods, are examined. Fundamental structure–property relationships based on ionic structure, content, and placement are explored and many applications, including biomedical products and polymer electrolytes for energy devices are discussed.
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High‐sensitivity, broadband‐decoupled 13C MR spectroscopy in humans at 7T using two‐dimensional heteronuclear single‐quantum coherence
Authors: de Graaf Robin A. , De Feyter Henk M. , Rothman Douglas L. 
Published: September 2014

PurposeCarbon‐13 (13C) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has an intrinsically low NMR sensitivity that often leads to large acquisition volumes or long scan times. While the use of higher magnetic fields can overcome the sensitivity limitations, high radiofrequency (RF) power deposition associated with proton‐decoupling limits the achievable gain. Two‐dimensional (2D) heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) MRS is a method that uses the high chemical specificity of 13C MRS while retaining the high sensitivity of 1H detection. Due to the 2D nature of the method, proton‐decoupled 13C MR spectra can be obtained without the use of high‐powered decoupling pulses.MethodsA novel three‐dimensional (3D) localized 2D HSQC method based on 3D STEAM localization is presented and implemented at 7T. The low RF power deposition of the method allows TR variation along the indirect dimension which, in combination with controlled aliasing, leads to an acceleration of 11.8 relative to a standard 2D NMR acquisition.ResultsArtifact‐free, high‐quality and high‐sensitivity 2D HSQC spectra were obtained for all subjects in 19 min from a small (9 mL) volume placed in the leg adipose tissue. Complete proton decoupling was achieved along the indirect 13C dimension despite the absence of broadband proton‐decoupling pulses. The high chemical specificity along the indirect 13C dimension allowed the detection of 19 unique resonances from which the lipids could be characterized in terms of saturation and omega‐6/omega‐3 fatty acid ratio.ConclusionIt has been demonstrated that high‐quality 2D HSQC NMR spectra can be acquired from human adipose tissue at 7T. The HSQC method is methodologically simple and robust and is flexible regarding trade‐offs between temporal and spectral resolution. 2D HSQC has a strong potential to become a default method in natural‐abundance or 13C‐enriched studies of human metabolism in vivo. Magn Reson Med 74:903–914, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combining Population Growth Model and Generalized Additive Model to Determine Optimal Water Level FOR Waterbird Conservation: A Case Study of Siberian Crane (Leucogeranus Leucogeranus) in Lake Poyang, China
Authors: Jia Y. , Guan L. , Wang Y. , Liu G. , Lei G. , Wen L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSiberian crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) is one of the most endangered species in the world. The ecological integrity of its main wintering ground at Poyang Lake in China is crucial for the future of the species because Poyang Lake accommodates 99% of its global population. With the Three Gorges Dam fully operational, science‐based adaptive strategies are urgently needed to avoid catastrophic ecological consequences.This study quantified the link between water level variation and population growth rate of the Siberian crane in Poyang Lake using a suite of advanced statistical techniques. We first used the stochastic Gompert growth model within the state space modelling (SSM) framework to infer population growth rate, density dependence, and process variability and observation errors. We then applied generalized additive models (GAMs) to the population growth rate to quantify the effects of environmental stochasticity.Our SSM results indicated that there was little support for density dependence, and environmental stochasticity was the main forcing for Siberian crane population variations in Poyang Lake. Although the SSM suggested that water levels in both high‐ and low‐water seasons were important factors for Siberian crane population, inference on their effects were elusive because of large confidence intervals of the estimated coefficients. Using GAM, we confirmed the non‐linear effects of water level on population growth rate. Based on the modelled response curves, we proposed the optimal water level for Siberian crane conservation: (a) maximum summer water season level should be less than 19.5 m and (b) minimum winter water level should be between 8.7–10.2 m. Our methods of integrating population dynamic model and GAM have wide relevance for regional biological conversation efforts that seek to maintain a resilient population of threatened species. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Big data clone detection using classical detectors: an exploratory study
Authors: Svajlenko Jeffrey , Keivanloo Iman , Roy Chanchal K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBig data analysis is an emerging research topic in various domains, and clone detection is no exception. The goal is to create big data inter‐project clone corpora across open‐source or corporate‐source code repositories. Such corpora can be used to study developer behavior and to reduce engineering costs by extracting globally duplicated efforts into new APIs and as a basis for code completion and API usage support. However, building scalable clone detection tools is challenging. It is often impractical to use existing state‐of‐the‐art tools to analyze big data because the memory and execution time required exceed the average user's resources. Some tools have inherent limitations in their data structures and algorithms that prevent the analysis of big data even when extraordinary resources are available. These limitations are impossible to overcome if the source code of the tool is unavailable or if the user lacks the time or expertise to modify the tool without harming its performance or accuracy. In this research, we have investigated the use of our shuffling framework for scaling classical clone detection tools to big data. The framework achieves scalability on commodity hardware by partitioning the input dataset into subsets manageable by the tool and computing resources. A non‐deterministic process is used to randomly ‘shuffle’ the contents of the dataset into a series of subsets. The tool is executed for each subset, and its output for each is merged into a single report. This approach does not require modification to the subject tools, allowing their individual strengths and precision to be captured at an acceptable loss of recall. In our study, we explored the performance and applicability of the framework for the big data dataset, IJaDataset 2.0, which consists of 356 million lines of code from 25,000 open‐source Java projects. We begin with a computationally inexpensive version of our framework based on pure random shuffling. This version was successful at scaling the tools to IJaDataset but required many subsets to achieve a desirable recall. Using our findings, we incrementally improved the framework to achieve a satisfactory recall using fewer resources. We investigated the use of efficient file tracking and file‐similarity heuristics to bias the shuffling algorithm toward subsets of the dataset that contain undetected clone pairs. These changes were successful in improving the recall performance of the framework. Our study shows that the framework is able to achieve up to 90–95% of a tool's native recall using standard hardware. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sall4 Is Essential for Mouse Primordial Germ Cell Specification by Suppressing Somatic Cell Program Genes
Authors: Yamaguchi Yasuka L. , Tanaka Satomi S. , Kumagai Maho , Fujimoto Yuka , Terabayashi Takeshi , Matsui Yasuhisa , Nishinakamura Ryuichi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Spalt-like 4 (Sall4) zinc finger protein is a critical transcription factor for pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). It is also involved in the formation of a variety of organs, in mice, and humans. We report the essential roles of Sall4 in mouse primordial germ cell (PGC) specification. PGC specification is accompanied by the activation of the stem cell program and repression of the somatic cell program in progenitor cells. Conditional inactivation of Sall4 during PGC specification led to a reduction in the number of PGCs in embryonic gonads. Sall4del/del PGCs failed to translocate from the mesoderm to the endoderm and underwent apoptosis. In Sall4del/del PGC progenitors, somatic cell program genes (Hoxa1 and Hoxb1) were derepressed, while activation of the stem cell program was not impaired. We demonstrated that in differentiated ESCs, Sall4 bound to these somatic cell program gene loci, which are reportedly occupied by Prdm1 in embryonic carcinoma cells. Given that Sall4 and Prdm1 are known to associate with the histone deacetylase repressor complex, our findings suggest that Sall4 suppresses the somatic cell program possibly by recruiting the repressor complex in conjunction with Prdm1; therefore, it is essential for PGC specification. Stem Cells 2015;33:289–300
Concise Review: The Obesity Cancer Paradigm: Exploration of the Interactions and Crosstalk with Adipose Stem Cells
Authors: Strong Amy L. , Burow Matthew E. , Gimble Jeffrey M. , Bunnell Bruce A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
With the recognition of obesity as a global health crisis, researchers have devoted greater effort to defining and understanding the pathophysiological molecular pathways regulating the biology of adipose tissue and obesity. Obesity, the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy, has been linked to an increased incidence and aggressiveness of colon, hematological, prostate, and postmenopausal breast cancers. The increased morbidity and mortality of obesity-associated cancers have been attributed to higher levels of hormones, adipokines, and cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue. The increased amount of adipose tissue also results in higher numbers of adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs). These ASCs have been shown to impact cancer progression directly through several mechanisms, including the increased recruitment of ASCs to the tumor site and increased production of cytokines and growth factors by ASCs and other cells within the tumor stroma. Emerging evidence indicates that obesity induces alterations in the biologic properties of ASCs, subsequently leading to enhanced tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. This review will discuss the links between obesity and cancer tumor progression, including obesity-associated changes in adipose tissue, inflammation, adipokines, and chemokines. Novel topics will include a discussion of the contribution of ASCs to this complex system with an emphasis on their role in the tumor stroma. The reciprocal and circular feedback loop between obesity and ASCs as well as the mechanisms by which ASCs from obese patients alter the biology of cancer cells and enhance tumorigenesis will be discussed. Stem Cells 2015;33:318–326
Leveraged Resources and Systems Changes in Community Collaboration
Authors: Harper Christopher R. , Kuperminc Gabriel P. , Weaver Scott R. , Emshoff Jim , Erickson Steve 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMost models of community collaboration emphasize the ability of diverse partners to come together to enact systematic changes that improve the health of individuals and communities. The ability of these groups to leverage resources is thought to be an important marker of successful collaboration and eventual improvements in community health. However, there is a paucity of research addressing linkages between systems change activities and leveraged resources. This study used a sample of collaboratives (N = 157) that received technical assistance and funding through the Georgia Family Connection Partnership (GaFCP) between 2006 and 2007. Data were collected from collaborative report of activities and funding, member ratings of collaborative functioning, and characteristics of the communities served by the collaboratives drawn from US Census data. Cross‐lagged regression models tested longitudinal associations between systems change activities and leveraged dollars. The results indicated that systems change activities predict increased leveraging of resources from state/federal and private partners. However, there was no evidence that systems changes were linked with leveraging resources from local groups and agencies. These findings have important implications for providing technical assistance and training to health partnerships. Furthermore, future research should consider the relative strength of different systems change activities in relation to the ability of coalitions to leverage resources.
Distal Peripheral Nerve Blockade for Patients Undergoing Hand Surgery: A Pilot Study
Authors: Soberón José R. , Bhatt Neil R. , Nossaman Bobby D. , Duncan Scott F. , Patterson Matthew E. , Sisco-Wise Leslie E. 
Published: September 2014

Background Data are limited regarding the use of peripheral nerve blockade at the level of the forearm, and most studies regard these procedures as rescue techniques for failed or incomplete blocks. The purpose of the study was to investigate patients undergoing hand surgery with distal peripheral nerve (forearm) blocks and compare them with patients having similar procedures under more proximal brachial plexus blockade. No investigations comparing distal nerve blockade to proximal approaches are currently reported in the literature. Methods Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients who had undergone hand surgery with a peripheral nerve block between November 2012 and October 2013. The primary outcome was the ability to provide a primary anesthetic without the need for general anesthesia or local anesthetic supplementation by the surgical team. Secondary outcome measures included narcotic administration during the block and intraoperative procedures, block performance times, and the need for rescue analgesics in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). Results No statistical difference in conversion rates to general anesthesia was observed between the two groups. Total opiate administration for the block and surgical procedure was lower in the forearm block group. There was no difference in block performance times or need for rescue analgesics in the PACU. Conclusions Forearm blocks are viable alternatives to proximal blockade and are effective as a primary anesthetic technique in patients undergoing hand surgery. Compared to the more proximal approaches, these blocks have the benefits of not causing respiratory compromise, the ability to be performed bilaterally, and may be safer in anticoagulated patients.
The Impact of Strain Reversal on Microstructure Evolution and Orientation Relationships in Ti-6Al-4V with an Initial Alpha Colony Microstructure
Authors: Muszka K. , Lopez-Pedrosa M. , Raszka K. , Thomas M. , Rainforth W. M. , Wynne B. P. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The effect of forward and reverse torsion on flow behavior and microstructure evolution, particularly dynamic and static spheroidization, on Ti-6Al-4V with an alpha lamella colony microstructure was studied. Testing was undertaken sub beta transus [1088 K (815 °C)] at strain rates of either 0.05 or 0.5 s−1. Quantitative metallography and electron back scatter diffraction has identified that a critical monotonic strain (ε
c) in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 is required to initiate rapid dynamic spheroidization of the alpha lamella. For material deformed to strains below ε
c and then reversed to a zero net strain the orientation relationships between alpha colonies are close to ideal Burgers, enabling prior beta grains to be fully reconstructed. Material deformed to strains greater than ε
c and reversed lose Burgers and no beta reconstruction is possible, suggesting ε
c is the strain required to generate break-up of lamella. Static spheroidization is, however, sensitive to strain path around ε
c. Annealing at 1088 K (815 °C) for 4 hours for material subjected to 0.25 forward + 0.25 forward strain produces 48 pct spheroidized grains while material with 0.25 forward + 0.25 reverse strain has 10 pct spheroidization. This is believed to be a direct consequence of different levels of the stored energy between these two strain paths.