bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the ELM fluctuation characteristics during the mitigation of type-I ELMs
Authors: Bogomolov A.V. , Classen I.G.J. , Boom J.E. , Donné A.J.H. , Wolfrum E. , Fischer R. , Viezzer E. , Schneider P. , Manz P. , Suttrop W. , Luhmann N.C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Transitions from type-I to small edge localized modes (ELMs) and back are studied using the electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) diagnostic on the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG). ECEI measurements show that the average poloidal velocity of temperature fluctuations of both type-I ELM onsets and small ELMs is the same and is close to 5–6 km s−1. Radially, the temperature fluctuations are distributed in the same narrow 2 cm region between

with associated poloidal mode numbers

and toroidal mode numbers

. The observed fluctuations related to both type-I ELMs and small ELMs vary over the transition simultaneously, however, showing slightly different behaviour. The similarities between type-I ELMs and small ELMs observed via AUG suggest that they have the same nature and evolve together. In the transition phase a temperature fluctuation mode (‘inter-ELM mode’) appears, which becomes continuous in the mitigated ELM phase and might cause the ELM mitigation. The mode characteristics (velocity, frequency and wave number) obtained in the analysis can be further used for direct comparison in various code simulations.
Introduction
Authors: Strohm Paul 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This book examines Middle English literature and includes works by Geoffrey Chaucer, John Gower, William Langland, and John Lydgate. Essays deal with topics ranging from romances to drama, chronicles, and other narrative forms, as well as gossip, orality and aurality, translation, and multilingualism. The book also looks at vernacular texts that harbor refined ideas about beauty, aesthetics, and literary genre; authorship, an unstable category lurking in the undiscovered space between manual and intellectual labor; and the presence of “literature” in apparently “nonliterary” environments.
Multilingualism
Authors: Stein Robert M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
England was a polyglot nation even before the Norman Conquest introduced a significantly large population of French speakers to the Island of Britain. In addition to various dialects of Old English, the progressively standardized literary language of the West Saxons, and the learned Latin of the liturgy and monastery, the island was inhabited by North Germanic and Celtic speakers. After 1066, England, with its two vernaculars and a third learned language in active and multiform use, was a remarkable example of the generally polyglot reality of much of medieval life. This article examines England’s sociolinguistic situation between 1066 and the end of the thirteenth century as well as the consequences of polygot literature. It considers the multilingualism of medieval literature by citing the evidence provided by manuscripts. It also uses the example of translation to underscore the fact that any choice to speak is simultaneously a choice not to speak otherwise.
Aurality
Authors: Coleman Joyce 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Orality—understood as the oral delivery of texts—is often assumed to have given way to literacy—the private reading of texts—over the course of the medieval period. The two entities are mutually exclusive and can be placed in a relationship of evolution that has preoccupied scholars of Middle English literature. Orality differs from “aurality,” which is defined as “the shared hearing of written texts” and combines aspects of both orality and literacy. Most scholars steer around the subject of aurality for a variety of reasons. This article explores some of the issues involved in aurality, explicates the practice of aurality, and considers some of the many potential directions for future research. It focuses on reports of British reading, with occasional references to the more abundant evidence about French and Burgundian reading, as well as recreational literature.
Symbolic Economies
Authors: Cady Diane 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Money and language are intertwined. From Geoffrey Chaucer to Friedrich Nietzsche, William Langland, and Jacques Derrida, writers and thinkers invoke the language of money when talking about linguistic practice. The pervasive relationship between money and language is more than metaphorical. As a discipline, neoclassical economics is a language consisting of metaphors, foundational myths, and fictional underpinnings. In Symbolic Economies, Jean-Joseph Goux argues that money, language, and psychoanalysis are symbolic economies because they share a similar gendered investment in exchange and value. This article explores some of the links among money, gender, and language in the realm of value and its accompanying anxieties in the Middle Ages. It considers the idea among medieval writers that language and money are based on nature and analyzes William Langland’s Piers Plowman to highlight not only the instantiations among money, language, and gender but also the projection of social instability onto women.
Authority
Authors: Steiner Emily 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Authority can refer to a person, a quality that one possesses, a governing institution a text containing crucial information or founding principles, or a exemplary event. In other words, authority is never properly one thing. An integral part of authority is recognition, insofar as the signs of power or status are encoded or displayed. During the medieval period, authority was an important subject for writers. In medieval theories of authorship, authorship was consistently identified with authority. Modern critics of medieval literature consider authority to be perhaps the most persuasive connection between art and context. This article examines authority, with emphasis on textual authority and how it extends the purview of medievalist literary criticism, in part by historicizing textual production. It also discusses the use of textual authority by both medievals and medievalists to understand literary innovation. In addition, it analyzes two sets of texts that offer complex investigations into the nature of lordship: the fifteenth-century biblical cycle plays and William Langland’s alliterative poem Piers Plowman.
Institutions
Authors: Smith D. Vance 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The House of Fame, the hall of Fame is reminiscent of what Erving Goffman termed in his study of asylums a “total institution” during the Middle Ages. Modern institutions differ from the medieval monastery in both the willingness of the latter’s inmates to belong to it and the metaphysical and religious ideas that are its justification and purpose. In The Canterbury Tales, the Monk exhibits outrageous sophistry and an affiliation with other institutions. One lesson of the Monk’s portrait is the limits of the so-called institutional history of institutions. This article explores the relationship between institution and writing in the Middle Ages, when writing was not yet an institution. It considers writing as the act of instituting, a break with the homologies between institutional forms of inscription and tropes, or between the causes of literature and the pressures of an institution.
Episodes
Authors: Allen Elizabeth 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Medieval narratives create order on the basis of causal sequences in time. However, cyclical and episodic structures, formal fragmentation, incompletion, and the existence of multiple versions can offset the ordering power of narrative causality. Episodic narratives typically expose the artifices required to create both narrative and social order, thus raising the question of social continuity. By eschewing causality, episodes are heavily reliant on reiterated symbols and language. This article explores the relationship between narrative incoherence and dynastic discontinuity, how narrative discontinuity reveals social concerns, and how episodic form functions as a method for anticipating and shaping audience response. It considers repetition in Athelston, a Middle English romance, and coherence in James Simpson’s essay on Sir Degaré, Thomas Malory’s “Sir Gareth,” and the Folie Tristan d’Oxford. It also analyzes episodic structure in Beves of Hampton and The Seven Sages of Rome.
Conflict
Authors: Turner Marion 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Richard II’s reign as king of England was characterized by an explosion in the production of literary and political vernacular texts and by dramatic political upheaval. In the last quarter of the fourteenth century, crises such as the Great Revolt, the development of Lollardy, mayoral disputes, and usurpation coincided with the emergence of writers such as Geoffrey Chaucer, John Gower, and William Langland, along with many other literary practitioners such as John Clanvowe and Thomas Usk. Broadsides, pamphlets, and other publically-circulated documents employed literary modes for political ends. This article examines the highly politicized and difficult environment in which late fourteenth-century English literature was born. It considers the political nature of textual production and how increased access to textuality encouraged people to employ texts as political ammunition.
Genre Without System
Authors: Hiatt Alfred 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
One of the stanzas in “To Rosemounde,” a poem tentatively ascribed to Geoffrey Chaucer, mentions a pike steeped in galantine sauce that creates a moment of confusion. The fish in question might be described as a moment of ungenre, of disorientation within a text. The problematic nature of attempting taxonomies of medieval genres has been pointed out in medieval texts. This article examines generic terms in Middle English literature, what they meant, and whether they were regulated by a system. To address these issues, the use of three generic markers, each representative of a different strand of influence in literature written in Middle English, is considered: romaunce, balade, and tragedye. The article also discusses the tendency of the names of writing to appear in combination with other generic markers, rather than in isolation, as well as the implications of that tendency toward combination or mixing.
Liturgy
Authors: Holsinger Bruce 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In medieval England, liturgy was a looming presence in so many aspects of English literary production. Yet many fundamental questions concerning the relationship between liturgy and vernacular literary production have remained unaddressed. This article explores the liturgical character of Middle English literature and how liturgy links the pre- and post-Conquest eras. In pursuing a liturgical history of early English writing, it outlines a detheologizing vision of liturgy and its objects. It also discusses the phenomenology of the modern theologized category of the “service book,” how previous theologizing habits of liturgical understanding have affected the Middle English religious lyric, and the writing and dissemination of the Book of Common Prayer.
Saintly Exemplarity
Authors: Winstead Karen A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Scholars of the late twentieth century effectively contested the longstanding assumption that saints were principally understood in the Middle Ages as exemplars of piety. Saints could also exemplify political, religious, social, and sexual dissent; they could even be bad examples. This broader view opens promising lines of research for the twenty-first century, several of which are explored in this essay. One such line is reconsideration of the still-common assumption that exemplarity was gendered—that male saints were models for male readers, and female saints for female readers. A second is greater attention to lives written in the French of England, whose complex and various approaches to exemplarity foreshadow trends in fifteenth-century hagiography in English. The essay in turn encourages greater attention to the fifteenth century, when Middle English saints’ lives became both more literary and more engaged with controversies of the day, secular and religious.
Incarnational (Auto)Biography
Authors: Warren Nancy Bradley 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article examines life writing in Middle English by focusing on Julian of Norwich’s Showings as well as Margaret Gascoigne’s copy of the book and the accompanying record of her contemplative experiences. It also looks at Gertrude More’s exposition of the contemplative life as taught by Father Augustine Baker, who took over the spiritual direction of the English Benedictine nuns in exile in Cambrai in 1624. It discusses how Julian re-embodies Christ’s suffering both in Showings and in her own body, and how the text sets up a chain of explicitly English reincarnations of Christ’s suffering. It also considers the close relationship between Middle English life writing and the forma vitae, a genre that is strongly associated with monastic life. In addition, the article analyzes Julian’s Showings, William Langland’s Piers Plowman, and Geoffrey Chaucer’s The House of Fame and Canterbury Tales as examples of Middle English (auto)biography and transubstantiation.
Beyond Two Cultures
Authors: Jenkins Alice 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
As some of the key arguments of literature and science studies have become widely accepted and adopted by Victorian studies at large, it is necessary to reconsider a number of methodological issues underpinning the historicist study of literature and science in this period. This essay discusses some of the methodological challenges which face the field in a changing research landscape. The essay asks what, if anything, distinguishes nineteenth-century literature and science studies from other existing and potential interdisciplinary historicist approaches. It outlines and critiques some of the key models used in this field, especially the ‘one culture’ and ‘two-way traffic’ models, and explores two fundamental problems in the explanatory procedures of literature and science studies: problems of analogy and causation.
Fast combustion waves and chemi-ionization processes in a flame initiated by a powerful local plasma source in a closed reactor
Authors: Artem'ev K. V. , Berezhetskaya N. K. , Kazantsev S. Yu. , Kononov N. G. , Kossyi I. A. , Popov N. A. , Tarasova N. M. , Filimonova E. A. , Firsov K. N. 
Published: July 2015

Results are presented from experimental studies of the initiation of combustion in a stoichiometric methane–oxygen mixture by a freely localized laser spark and by a high-current multispark discharge in a closed chamber. It is shown that, preceding the stage of ‘explosive’ inflammation of a gas mixture, there appear two luminous objects moving away from the initiator along an axis: a relatively fast and uniform wave of ‘incomplete combustion’ under laser spark ignition and a wave with a brightly glowing plasmoid behind under ignition from high-current slipping surface discharge. The gas mixtures in both the ‘preflame’ and developed-flame states are characterized by a high degree of ionization as the result of chemical ionization (plasma density
n
e
≈10
12
cm
−3
) and a high frequency of electron–neutral collisions (
ν
en
≈10
12
s
−1
). The role of chemical ionization in constructing an adequate theory for the ignition of a gas mixture is discussed. The feasibility of the microwave heating of both the preflame and developed-flame plasma, supplementary to a chemical energy source, is also discussed.
Time banks, co-production and foresight: intertwined towards an alternative future
Authors: Amanatidou Effie , Gritzas Giorgos , Kavoulakos Karolos Iosif 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the emergence, operation and features of the time banks that were created during the recent financial crisis in Greece as grass-roots initiatives of different communities, and to examine their relation to the concept of “co-production” and possible relevance to foresight. Time banks are particularly interesting for the future of services: they address all sorts of services while the time-bank “value” of these different types of services does not necessarily reflect their actual value in the free market; impacts may spread from the mere coverage of people’s needs, to increased social capital and community empowerment; and some scholars consider them as flexible forms of co-production, or even as enablers of wider social change. The purpose of the paper is to examine the emergence, and features of the time banks created during the recent financial crisis in Greece as grass-roots initiatives.Design/methodology/approach– Primary information and data were gathered through eight extensive face-to-face interviews with key members of the four time banks based on a semi-structured questionnaire. The methodology also included desk research and review of the information included in time banks’ websites. The selection of these four time banks was based on the fact that they are the most active ones in Athens, which is the capital of the country gathering around 40 per cent of the Greek population and presenting the severest consequences of the financial crises in terms of unemployment, poverty, shutdown of businesses, share of people with no insurance, etc.Findings– Based on a specific analytical framework summarising the available literature, the Greek time banks are compared with each other but also in relation to the findings in the literature, where some interesting differences emerge. The paper also explores the role that foresight can plan in the development of alternative initiatives like time banks. The interesting conclusion is that foresight can help time banks as much as time banks can help foresight in upgrading its processes to deal with challenges of the twenty-first century.Research limitations/implications– The research focuses on the four most active time banks in Athens. While this selection is justified, future research would be good to include all the time banks in Greece.Social implications– The paper explores how time banks in Greece emerged as well as how they can further develop. This is of direct relevance to society as time banks are by default a community initiative.Originality/value– Time banks in Greece have not been previously studied. Second, time banks in general were never linked to approaches like foresight. This becomes increasingly important in examining possible approaches toward more sustainable and resilient societies.
Services in the forest-based sector – unexplored futures
Authors: Näyhä Annukka , Pelli Päivi , Hetemäki Lauri 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze and provide a synthesis of how services are understood, how they are likely to develop and how future development can be studied more closely in the forest-based sector (FBS). Services are likely to have an increasing role in the FBS in the future.Design/methodology/approach– The findings are based on a literature review of FBS outlook studies, strategies and programs and services-related studies in FBS and general services literature. Three case examples of services businesses in FBS companies are presented, and possible foresight approaches related to them are discussed. Foresight methods used in parallel sectors are also discussed.Findings– The study provides the first systematic introduction, classification and review of FBS services to include both industry- and non-industry-related services. The paper also points out the need for foresight studies and suggests various approaches for an analysis of the potential of FBS services in the future bioeconomy.Practical implications– The study shows that the role of services in FBS research has been understood too narrowly. As a result, services research has been rather lacking and the future potential of services in the FBS has not been fully acknowledged. The study argues for and points toward the need to use foresight approaches to update FBS strategies, business models and policies to fully benefit from the future potential of services.Originality/value– The study is a novel introduction, review and discussion of the role of services in the FBS and their future outlook.
Future energy services: empowering local communities and citizens
Authors: Hyytinen Kirsi , Toivonen Marja 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the future prospects of innovative services linked to sustainable energy systems.Design/methodology/approach– Service perspective is examined in the context of socio-technical transition and linked to the bottom-up and top-down social processes that foster sustainability. The foresight method applied is trend analysis.Findings– Two groups of trends were identified: the trends driven by technological development and the trends focussing on societal, managerial and consumer issues. The former consists of renewable energy sources, hybrid solutions, smart grids and smart energy markets. The latter involves distributed energy production, demand response, optimisation of sustainability and the role of energy as an opportunity and as service. The study reveals that energy is increasingly understood as a comprehensive and tailor-made service solution for communities and individual households. Consumers will enter the energy market as active participants; it raises the need for many types of services.Research limitations/implications– Deepening of understanding is required in several topics of this study, and more formal methods of foresight are needed to test the generalisability of its qualitative results.Practical implications– More effective policy measures are needed for fostering new services and social and system innovations in the area of sustainable energy. Innovation management practices should be developed in these areas.Originality/value– The paper aims to narrow the research gap linked to foresight in services by examining services in the area of sustainable energy systems – one of the “grand challenges” today.
LibGuides CMS eReserves: simplify delivering course reserves through Blackboard
Authors: Ince Sharon , Irwin John 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the process of implementing LibGuides content management system (CMS) eReserves with Blackboard integration to streamline workflow for the end-user and staff workflow.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on some of the issues with the existing system, there was a need to improve workflow for the user and staff. The previous course reserve process included a non-automated process. Implementing the LibGuides CMS eReserves module training for circulation staff consisted of in-person instruction and creating a tutorial with step by step directions for staff. The library sent out many email announcements and corresponded with individual faculty members. The authors also worked with the instructional designers for feedback and best practices when developing Blackboard courses, specifically online courses. The authors also developed an information page with a tutorial.

Findings
– Findings indicate that the LibGuides CMS eReserves module is a success. The quick implementation process and ease of use for end-users and staff have proven to be beneficial. With the launch of the new system in fiscal year: 2013-2014, this revitalized the Seton Hall University eReserves program with a 142 per cent increase in usage. There could be many contributing factors to the increase in usage: the online form, direct links to Blackboard, the increase in online courses, etc. eReserves are up 42 per cent as of April for this year.

Originality/value
– At the time of our evaluation, there were no other libraries using the eReserves module. The authors reviewed the literature and found no published articles about LibGuides CMS eReserves module.