bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Astrocyte–Neuronal Interactions After Hypoxia-Ischemia in the Neonatal Brain in Female and Male Rats
Authors: Morken Tora Sund , Brekke Eva , Håberg Asta , Widerøe Marius , Brubakk Ann-Mari , Sonnewald Ursula 
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—
Increased susceptibility to excitotoxicity of the neonatal brain after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) may be caused by limited capacity of astrocytes for glutamate uptake, and mitochondrial failure probably plays a key role in the delayed injury cascade. Male infants have poorer outcome than females after HI, possibly linked to differential intermediary metabolism.

Methods—

[1-
13
C]glucose and [1,2-
13
C]acetate were injected at zero, 6, and 48 hours after unilateral HI in 7-day-old rats. Intermediary metabolism was analyzed with magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Results—
Mitochondrial metabolism was generally reduced in the ipsilateral hemisphere for ≤6 hours after HI, whereas contralaterally, it was reduced in neurons but not in astrocytes. Transfer of glutamate from neurons to astrocytes was increased in the contralateral, but not in the ipsilateral hemisphere at 0 hour, and reduced bilaterally at 6 hours after HI. The transfer of glutamine from astrocytes to glutamatergic neurons was unaltered in both hemispheres, whereas the transfer of glutamine to GABAergic neurons was increased ipsilaterally at 0 hour. Anaplerosis (astrocytes) was decreased, whereas partial pyruvate recycling (astrocytes) was increased directly after HI. Male pups had lower astrocytic mitochondrial metabolism than females immediately after HI, whereas that of females was reduced longer and encompassed both neurons and astrocytes.

Conclusions—
The prolonged depression in mitochondrial metabolism indicates that mitochondria are vulnerable targets in the delayed injury after neonatal HI. The degree of astrocytic malfunction may be a valid indicator of outcome after hypoxic/HI brain injury and may be linked to the differential outcome in males and females.
Flow Diversion Versus Conventional Treatment for Carotid Cavernous Aneurysms
Authors: Zanaty Mario , Chalouhi Nohra , Starke Robert M. , Barros Guilherme , Saigh Mark Philip , Schwartz Eric Winthrop , Ajiboye Norman , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Hasan David , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—
Several endovascular treatment options are available for cavernous carotid aneurysms. We compared pipeline embolization device (PED) versus conventional endovascular treatment in terms of evolution of mass effect, complications, recurrence, and retreatment rate.

Methods—
One hundred fifty-seven patients harboring 167 cavernous carotid aneurysms were treated using PED placement, coiling, stent-assisted coiling, and carotid vessel destruction. Procedural complications, angiographic results, and clinical outcomes were analyzed and compared.

Results—

There were no difference in age, sex, and mean aneurysm size between those treated with PED and those treated with conventional endovascular procedures. The patients treated with PED had a significantly lower proportion of small-size aneurysms (<10 mm) and a shorter follow-up duration. Multivariate analysis revealed treatment other than PED (PED: odds ratio [OR], 0.03;
P
=0.002) and size >15 mm (OR, 4.27;
P
=0.003) to be predictors of no improvement in symptoms. The rate of complete occlusion was 81.36% (48 of 59) for PED, 42.25% (39 of 71) for stent-assisted coiling, 27.27% (6 of 22) for coiling, and 73.33% (11 of 15) for carotid vessel destruction. Retreatment was needed in patients with aneurysm size >15 mm (OR, 2.67;
P
=0.037) and those who were not treated with PED (PED: OR, 0.16;
P
=0.006). The rate of major complications was 6.6% (11 of 167). Patients who were treated with PED or stent-assisted coiling had 3.84 lower odds to develop complications (OR, 0.26;
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—
The use of PED should be encouraged, especially in symptomatic patients. We found PED to be associated with less need for future treatment, higher improvement in symptoms rate, and lower rate of complications.
Vortex Preconditioning due to Planetary and Gravity Waves prior to Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
Authors: Albers John R. , Birner Thomas 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Reanalysis data are used to evaluate the evolution of polar vortex geometry, planetary wave drag, and gravity wave drag prior to split versus displacement sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). A composite analysis that extends upward to the lower mesosphere reveals that split SSWs are characterized by a transition from a wide, funnel-shaped vortex that is anomalously strong to a vortex that is constrained about the pole and has little vertical tilt. In contrast, displacement SSWs are characterized by a wide, funnel-shaped vortex that is anomalously weak throughout the prewarming period. Moreover, during split SSWs, gravity wave drag is enhanced in the polar night jet, while planetary wave drag is enhanced within the extratropical surf zone. During displacement SSWs, gravity wave drag is anomalously weak throughout the extratropical stratosphere.
Using the composite analysis as a guide, a case study of the 2009 SSW is conducted in order to evaluate the roles of planetary and gravity waves for preconditioning the polar vortex in terms of two SSW-triggering scenarios: anomalous planetary wave forcing from the troposphere and resonance due to either internal or external Rossby waves. The results support the view that split SSWs are caused by resonance rather than anomalously large wave forcing. Given these findings, it is suggested that vortex preconditioning, which is traditionally defined in terms of vortex geometries that increase poleward wave focusing, may be better described by wave events (planetary and/or gravity) that “tune” the geometry of the vortex toward its resonant excitation points.
Configuration of a Southern Ocean Storm Track
Authors: Bischoff Tobias , Thompson Andrew F. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Diagnostics of ocean variability that reflect and influence local transport properties of heat and chemical species vary by an order of magnitude along the Southern Ocean’s Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Topographic “hotspots” are important regions of localized transport anomalies. This study uses a primitive equation channel model to investigate the structure of eddy kinetic energy (EKE), one measure of variability, in an oceanic regime. A storm-track approach emphasizes the importance of stationary eddies, which result from flow interactions with topography, on setting EKE distributions. The influence of these interactions extends far downstream of the topography and impacts EKE patterns through localized convergence and divergence of heat. Unlike for zonal averages, local contributions to the stationary fluxes from terms that integrate to zero in a zonal average are important. The simulations show a strong sensitivity of the zonal structure as well as the distribution and amplitude of stationary eddy fluxes to the surface wind forcing. By focusing on local, time-averaged stationary eddy fluxes, insight into the dynamical structure of the ACC can be gained that is concealed in the averaging procedure associated with traditional zonal or along-stream analyses.
A Blended Soundproof-to-Compressible Numerical Model for Small- to Mesoscale Atmospheric Dynamics
Authors: Benacchio Tommaso , O’Neill Warren P. , Klein Rupert 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A blended model for atmospheric flow simulations is introduced that enables seamless transition from fully compressible to pseudo-incompressible dynamics. The model equations are written in nonperturbation form and integrated using a well-balanced second-order finite-volume discretization. The semi-implicit scheme combines an explicit predictor for advection with elliptic corrections for the pressure field. Compressibility is implemented in the elliptic equations through a diagonal term. The compressible/pseudo-incompressible transition is realized by suitably weighting the term and provides a mechanism for removing unwanted acoustic imbalances in compressible runs.
As the gradient of the pressure is used instead of the Exner pressure in the momentum equation, the influence of perturbation pressure on buoyancy must be included to ensure thermodynamic consistency. With this effect included, the thermodynamically consistent model is equivalent to Durran’s original pseudo-incompressible model, which uses the Exner pressure.
Numerical experiments demonstrate quadratic convergence and competitive solution quality for several benchmarks. With the inclusion of an additional buoyancy term required for thermodynamic consistency, the “p–ρ formulation” of the pseudo-incompressible model closely reproduces the compressible results.
The proposed unified approach offers a framework for models that are largely free of the biases that can arise when different discretizations are used. With data assimilation applications in mind, the seamless compressible/pseudo-incompressible transition mechanism is also shown to enable the flattening of acoustic imbalances in initial data for which balanced pressure distributions are unknown.
Risk of Malignancy Associated with Head and Neck CT in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Jenny X. , Kachniarz Bart , Gilani Sapideh , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review to evaluate the risk of malignancy associated with computed tomography (CT) of the head and/or neck in infants, children, and adolescents.Data SourcesPubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were assessed from the date of their inception to January 2014. Additionally, manual searches of bibliographies were performed and topic experts were contacted.Review MethodsData were obtained from studies measuring or estimating the risks of malignancy associated with radiation from head and/or neck CT in pediatric populations according to an a priori protocol. Two independent evaluators corroborated the extracted data.ResultsThere were 16 criterion‐meeting studies that included data from n = 858,815 patients. The radiation‐related risk of malignancy was estimated using primary patient data for both the exposure and outcome in a minority of studies, with most analyses utilizing mathematical modeling techniques. The data regarding otolaryngology‐specific studies were limited and suggested a borderline significant increase in the risk of all combined cancers after facial CT (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.28) and neck/spine CT (IRR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.28). Cohort data suggest that 1 excess brain malignancy occurred after 4000 brain CTs (40 mSv per scan) and that the estimated risk in the 10 years following CT exposure was 1 brain tumor per 10,000 patients exposed to a 10 mGy scan at less than 10 years of age.ConclusionDetailed understanding of any potential malignancy risk associated with pediatric imaging of the head and neck furthers our ability to engage in rational, shared, informed decision making with families considering CT scan.
Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery via minithoracotomy and direct cannulation
Authors: Nezafati Mohammad H , Nezafati Pouya , Hosseinzadeh Mahmoud , Tehrani Sahar Omidvar 
Published: July 2014

Background To reduce the morbidity of mitral valve operations, a right anterolateral minithoracotomy under direct vision was introduced. We report our experience with this procedure. Methods From July 2001 to December 2013, 320 consecutive patients underwent direct minimally invasive mitral valve surgery through a right anterolateral minithoracotomy at our institution. Evidence of rheumatic disease was observed in 231 (72%) patients, and 89 (28%) repaired valves had myxomatous changes. Tricuspid valve repair was performed in 80 (25%) patients and radiofrequency ablation in 80 (25%) with chronic atrial fibrillation. All cannulas were introduced through the thoracotomy incision, eliminating femoral cannulation. No new instruments, retractors, or ports were used. Pleural and pericardial drainage was accomplished through a single drain. Results There was no hospital death. Conversion to sternotomy was needed in 3 patients because we were unable to obtain satisfactory arterial cannulation. Eight patients required reoperation: 7 for mitral insufficiency and one for postoperative bleeding. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass and crossclamp times were 55.3 ± 17.0 and 43.0 ± 13.4 min, respectively. Mean intensive care unit stay was 29 h, and hospital stay was 4.3 days. Conclusions Based on our experience, this minimally invasive approach is safe, rapid, cost-effective, and more comfortable for the patients, in addition to its cosmetic benefits. It may be the preferred approach in young females.
Renal function, acute kidney injury and hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Liao Ying , Dong Xingmo , Chen Kaihong , Fang Yong , Li Weiguo , Huang Guoyong 
Published: July 2014

Objectives To examine retrospectively the relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at admission and AKI outcome. Methods AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) by ≥0.3 mg/dl within 48 h or an increase in SCr to ≥1.5 times baseline within the first 7 days of hospitalization. Patients with AMI were divided into subgroups according to their eGFR at admission and the development of AKI. Results This study enrolled 396 patients with AMI; 48 (12.1%) developed AKI. In-hospital mortality was 39.6% (19/48) for patients with AKI compared with 7.5% (26/348) in those without AKI (odds ratio [OR] 8.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.02, 16.39). The mortality rate was 35.7% (five of 14) in the eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2 with AKI group (OR 6.21, 95% CI 1.50, 25.69) and 41.2% (14/34) in the eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 with AKI group (OR 12.62, 95% CI 5.54, 28.74). Conclusions AKI development was common and associated with mortality in AMI patients with either preserved or impaired eGFR levels.
Hyperleptinemia increases the susceptibility of the cortex to generate cortical spreading depression
Authors: Kitamura Eiji , Kanazawa Naomi , Hamada Junichi 
Published: July 2014

Background Obesity is a risk factor for episodic migraine to develop into chronic migraine; hence, it is speculated that obesity and hyperleptinemia are associated with migraine. We hypothesized that leptin is involved in the mechanisms of cortical spreading depression (CSD). Therefore, we examined whether leptin affected a rat model of CSD to clarify the relationship between leptin and migraine. Methods We evaluated the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of leptin on a rat CSD model. We then examined whether once-a-day intraperitoneal administration of leptin for seven days (as a chronic hyperleptinemia model) affected rat CSD models. Finally, we induced CSD in Zucker fatty (ZF) rats, which is a well-known model of obesity. Results In the parietal cortex, the percent change in cerebral blood flow and direct current (DC) potential decreased after ICV administration of leptin. A similar decrease in DC potential was observed in rats treated with intraperitoneal leptin. The number of CSDs increased significantly in rats given intraperitoneal leptin and in ZF rats. Conclusions The present study suggests that leptin is involved in the mechanisms of CSD.
Headache and sleep: Shared pathophysiological mechanisms
Authors: Holland Philip R 
Published: July 2014

Objective The objective of the current article is to review the shared pathophysiological mechanisms which may underlie the clinical association between headaches and sleep disorders. Background The association between sleep and headache is well documented in terms of clinical phenotypes. Disrupted sleep-wake patterns appear to predispose individuals to headache attacks and increase the risk of chronification, while sleep is one of the longest established abortive strategies. In agreement, narcoleptic patients show an increased prevalence of migraine compared to the general population and specific familial sleep disorders have been identified to be comorbid with migraine with aura. Conclusion The pathophysiology and pharmacology of headache and sleep disorders involves an array of neural networks which likely underlie their shared clinical association. While it is difficult to differentiate between cause and effect, or simply a spurious relationship the striking brainstem, hypothalamic and thalamic convergence would suggest a bidirectional influence.
A Critical Reexamination of the Effect of Antiabortion Legislation in the Post-Casey Era
Authors: Medoff Marshall H. , Dennis Christopher 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMichael J. New, in a recent article in this journal, argues that a major reason for the decline in the incidence of abortion since the U.S. Supreme Court's 1992Caseydecision was the increased number of antiabortion laws—parental involvement laws and informed consent laws—enacted at the state level. However, New's analysis contained critical data, measurement, methodological and estimation errors. This article details all the errors and then reexamines the effect of restrictive state abortion laws on the incidence of abortion over the period 1985–2005. The empirical results find little evidence that the decline in the number of abortions performed since the U.S. Supreme Court's 1992Caseydecision was due to the increase in the number of informed consent and parental involvement laws enacted.
Another Critical Review of New's Reanalysis of the Impact of Antiabortion Legislation
Authors: Medoff Marshall H. , Dennis Christopher 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn New's response to our article he concedes that (1) his dataset had over 150 misclassification errors, (2) used an incorrect weight to correct for heteroscedasticity, (3) did not control for interstate travel by women to an out-of-state abortion provider, and (4) some of his empirical results are numerically implausible. Unfortunately, in New's reanalysis he makes many of the same errors as in his original article. Ironically, New's empirical evidence in Table 3 of his reassessment article corroborates our findings that informed consent laws (all statistically insignificant in his Table 3) had no measurable impact on the abortion rate of all women of childbearing age, adult women or teen minors over the period 1985- 2005. Moreover, New fails to acknowledge that he has a conflict of interest. He is an adjunct scholar with the self-proclaimed antiabortion Charlotte Lozier Institute. In addition, on September 15, 2012 at the annual meeting of Value Voters sponsored by the antiabortion Family Research Council, he told an audience of social conservatives that to stop abortions they should support legislation in states that would length the waiting period to have an abortion to nine months (audio available).
Should We Measure Professionalism with an Index? A Note on Theory and Practice in State Legislative Professionalism Research
Authors: Bowen Daniel C. , Greene Zachary 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLegislative professionalism has played a prominent role in state politics research for decades. Despite the attention paid to its causes and consequences, recent research has largely set aside questions about professionalism's conceptualization and operationalization. Usually measuring it as an aggregate index, scholars theoretically and empirically treat professionalism as a unidimensional concept. In this article, we argue that exclusive use of aggregate indices can limit state politics research. Using a new dataset with almost 40 years of data on state legislative resources, salary, and session length, we reconsider the validity of using an index to study professionalism across the states. We evaluate the internal consistency of professionalism components over time, the relationship between components and the Squire Index, and the degree to which professionalism components are unidimensional using classical multidimensional scaling. We find enough commonality and enough variation between professionalism components to support a range of measurement strategies like the use of unidimensional indices (such as the Squire Index), disaggregating the components and analyzing their effects individually, or formulating multidimensional measures. Scholars should take care to choose the appropriate measure of the concept that best fits the causal relationships under examination.
Analysis of the role of von Willebrand factor, platelet glycoprotein VI-, and α2β1-mediated collagen binding in thrombus formation
Authors: Shida Yasuaki , Rydz Natalia , Stegner David , Brown Christine , Mewburn Jeffrey , Sponagle Kate , Danisment Ozge , Crawford Bredon , Vidal Barbara , Hegadorn Carol A. , Pruss Cynthia M. , Nieswandt Bernhard , Lillicrap David 
Published: July 2014

Key PointsThe robustness of the VWF:collagen-binding assay is confirmed in a comprehensive evaluation of VWD collagen-binding defects. Collagen binding by VWF, GPVI, and α2β1 have major albeit overlapping functions in primary hemostasis.
Gfi-1 regulates the erythroid transcription factor network through Id2 repression in murine hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Kim Wonil , Klarmann Kimberly D. , Keller Jonathan R. 
Published: July 2014

Key Points
Reducing Id2 in Gfi-1−/− mice restores radioprotective function of hematopoietic progenitors and partially rescues erythroid development. Rescue of erythroid development in Gfi-1−/− mice by Id2 reduction directly correlates with an increase of Gata1, Eklf, and EpoR expression.
Some Bonnesen-style Minkowski inequalities
Authors: Xu Wenxue , Zeng Chunna , Zhou Jiazu 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain some Bonnesen-style Minkowski inequalities of mixed volumes of convex bodies K and L in the Euclidean space

R
n

. Let L be the unit ball; we get some better Bonnesen-style isoperimetric inequalities than Dinghas’s result for

n
≥
3

.

MSC:52A20, 52A40.
On a multidimensional version of the Hilbert-type inequality in the whole plane
Authors: Vuković Predrag 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is a study of some new multidimensional Hilbert-type inequalities with a general homogeneous kernel in the whole plane. We derive a pair of equivalent inequalities, and we also establish the conditions under which the constant factors included in the obtained inequalities are the best possible. Some applications in particular settings are also considered.

MSC:26D15.
Molecular characterization of a Chinese family carrying a novel C4329A mutation in mitochondrial tRNAIle and tRNAGlngenes
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Li Yang , Gao Jinliao , Zhu Chao , Lan Yunfeng , Yang Jie , Li Zongbin , Guan Minxin , Chen Yundai 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Hypertension is a very common cardiovascular disease influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. More recently, there are some studies showed that mutations in mitochondrial DNA have been involved in its pathogenesis. In this study we did further investigations on this relationship.

Methods
Epidemiological research found a Han Chinese family with probable maternally transmitted hypertension. Sequence analysis of the whole mitochondrial DNA was detected from all the family members. And evaluations of the clinical, genetic and molecular characterization were also performed.

Results
Matrilineal relatives within the family exhibited varying degrees of hypertension with an onset age of 48–55 years. Sequence analysis of this pedigree showed a novel homoplasmic 4329C > G mutation located at the 3’ end of the tRNAIle and tRNAGln genes that was absent from 366 Chinese controls. The cytosine (C) at 4329 position was very important in the structural formation and stabilization of functional tRNAs, which was highly conserved in mitochondria of various organisms and also contributed to the high fidelity of the acceptor arm. Cells carrying this mutation were also shown to harbor mitochondrial dysfunctions.

Conclusions
The C4329G point mutation in tRNAIle and tRNAGln was involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, perhaps in association with other modifying factors.