bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bottlenecks in erucic acid accumulation in genetically engineered ultrahigh erucic acid Crambe abyssinica
Authors: Guan Rui , Lager Ida , Li Xueyuan , Stymne Sten , Zhu Li‐Hua 
Published: October 2013

SummaryErucic acid is a valuable industrial fatty acid with many applications. The main producers of this acid are today high erucic rapeseed (Brassica napus) and mustard (Brassica juncea), which have 45%–50% of erucic acid in their seed oils. Crambe abyssinica is an alternative promising producer of this acid as it has 55%–60% of erucic acid in its oil. Through genetic modification (GM) of three genes, we have previously increased the level of erucic acid to 71% (68 mol%) in Crambe seed oil. In this study, we further investigated different aspects of oil biosynthesis in the developing GM Crambe seeds in comparison with wild‐type (Wt) Crambe, rapeseed and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). We show that Crambe seeds have very low phosphatidylcholine‐diacylglycerol interconversion, suggesting it to be the main reason why erucic acid is limited in the membrane lipids during oil biosynthesis. We further show that GM Crambe seeds have slower seed development than Wt, accompanied by slower oil accumulation during the first 20 days after flowering (DAF). Despite low accumulation of erucic acid during early stages of GM seed development, nearly 86 mol% of all fatty acids accumulated between 27 and 50 DAF was erucic acid, when 40% of the total oil is laid down. Likely bottlenecks in the accumulation of erucic acid during early stages of GM Crambe seed development are discussed.
Frost fatigue and spring recovery of xylem vessels in three diffuse‐porous trees in situ
Authors: CHRISTENSEN‐DALSGAARD KAREN K. , TYREE MELVIN T. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFrost has been shown to cause frost fatigue (reduced cavitation resistance) in branch segments in the lab.Here, we studied the change in cavitation resistance and percent loss of conductivity (PLC) from fall to spring over 2 consecutive years in three diffuse‐porous species in situ. We used the cavitron technique to measure P25, P50 and P90 (the xylem pressure causing a 25, 50 and 90% conductivity loss) and PLC and stained functioning vessels.Cavitation resistance was reduced by 64–87% (in terms of P50), depending on the species and year. P25 was impacted the most and P90 the least, changing the vulnerability curves from s‐ to r‐shaped over the winter in all three species. The branches suffered an almost complete loss of conductivity, but frost fatigue did not necessarily occur concurrently with increases in PLC. In two species, there was a trade‐off between conduit size and vulnerability.Spring recovery occurred by growth of new vessels, and in two species by partial refilling of embolized conduits. Although newly grown and functioning conduits appeared more vulnerable to cavitation than year‐old vessels, cavitation resistance generally improved in spring, suggesting other mechanisms for partial frost fatigue repair.
A kinetic analysis of cadmium accumulation in a Cd hyper‐accumulator fern, Athyrium yokoscense and tobacco plants
Authors: YOSHIHARA TOSHIHIRO , SUZUI NOBUO , ISHII SATOMI , KITAZAKI MAYU , YAMAZAKI HARUAKI , KITAZAKI KAZUYOSHI , KAWACHI NAOKI , YIN YONG‐GEN , ITO‐TANABATA SAYURI , HASHIDA SHIN‐NOSUKE , SHOJI KAZUHIRO , SHIMADA HIROAKI , GOTO FUMIYUKI , FUJIMAKI SHU 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCadmium (Cd) accumulations in a Cd hyper‐accumulator fern, Athyrium yokoscense (Ay), and tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum (Nt), were kinetically analysed using the positron‐emitting tracer imaging system under two medium conditions (basal and no‐nutrient). In Ay, maximumly 50% and 15% of the total Cd accumulated in the distal roots and the shoots under the basal condition, respectively. Interestingly, a portion of the Cd in the distal roots returned to the medium. In comparison with Ay, a little fewer Cd accumulations in the distal roots and clearly higher Cd migration to the shoots were observed in Nt under the basal condition (maximumly 40% and 70% of the total Cd, respectively). The no‐nutrient condition down‐regulated the Cd migration in both species, although the regulation was highly stricter in Ay than in Nt (almost no migration in Ay and around 20% migration in Nt). In addition, the present work enabled to estimate physical and physiological Cd accumulation capacities in the distal roots, and demonstrated condition‐dependent changes especially in Ay. These results clearly suggested occurrences of species‐/condition‐specific regulations in each observed parts. It is probable that integration of these properties govern the specific Cd tolerance/accumulation in Ay and Nt.
Aplasia Cutis Congenita in a Setting of Fetus Papyraceus Associated with Small Fetal Abdominal Circumference and High Alpha‐Fetoprotein and Amniotic Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Mazza Joni M. , Klein Janice F. , Christopher Kurt , Silverberg Nanette B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFetus papyraceus is the fetal death of one or more fetuses in a multiparous pregnancy. The surviving infants can experience extensive aplasia cutis in an H‐shaped distribution over the flanks and abdomen as a consequence of the loss of their fetal sibling. We report the case of a monochorionic, diamniotic pregnancy complicated by a single fetal death at 13 weeks of gestational age. Aplasia cutis of the surviving twin was suggested in utero by three criteria: high amniotic and maternal alpha‐fetoprotein, detectable acetylcholinesterase, and small abdominal circumference on prenatal ultrasound. This constellation of findings in the setting of fetus papyraceus can be an indicator of aplasia cutis in the surviving fetus.
Postvaccination Bullous Pemphigoid in Infancy: Report of Three New Cases and Literature Review
Authors: de la Fuente Sonia , Hernández‐Martín Ángela , de Lucas Raúl , González‐Enseñat MªAntonia , Vicente Asunción , Colmenero Isabel , González‐Beato María , Suñol Mariona , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBullous pemphigoid (BP) is an acquired autoimmune blistering disorder of unknown etiology uncommon in childhood. Unlike adult BP, infantile BP shows acral distribution and resolves rapidly with systemic steroids. We report three infants with infantile BP presenting shortly after vaccination for diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae B, and meningococcus C. Our cases further reinforce the causal association between childhood BP and vaccination.
Lumbosacral Abortive Hemangioma with Intradural Extension
Authors: Martínez‐Criado Yolanda , Fernández‐Pineda Israel , Merchante Elena , Bernabeu‐Wittel Jose 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAbortive hemangioma (AH) is a true hemangioma of infancy that expresses glucose transporter‐1 protein in the endothelial cells, with an arrested growth cycle. We present the rare case of a lumbosacral AH with intramedullary extension.
Bundle Adjustment With and Without Damping
Authors: Börlin Niclas , Grussenmeyer Pierre 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe least squares adjustment (LSA) method is studied as an optimisation problem and shown to be equivalent to the undamped Gauss–Newton (GN) optimisation method. Three problem‐independent damping modifications of the GN method are presented: the line search method of Armijo (GNA); the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LM); and Levenberg–Marquardt with Powell dogleg (LMP). Furthermore, an additional problem‐specific “veto” damping technique, based on the chirality condition, is suggested. In a perturbation study on a terrestrial bundle adjustment problem, the GNA and LMP methods with veto damping can increase the size of the pull‐in region compared to the undamped method; the LM method showed less improvement. The results suggest that damped methods can, in many cases, provide a solution where undamped methods fail and should be available in any LSA software package. Matlab code for the algorithms discussed is available from the authors.
Soka Gakkai International: The Global Expansion of a Japanese Buddhist Movement
Authors: Métraux Daniel 
Published: October 2013

AbstractJapan's Soka Gakkai is the largest of Japan's many New Religious Movements with a major presence not only in Japan, but also meaningful representation in nearly 200 foreign countries and territories. This Japan‐based Buddhist organization which in 2013 claims ten million members at home has attracted over two million followers abroad through its ability to assimilate into local cultures and to offer doctrines and practices that are universal in their application. Japanese as well as foreign members find Soka Gakkai's form of Buddhism appealing because it is said to give them a sense of confidence and self‐empowerment, permitting them to manage their lives in a more creative and fulfilling manner.
Submarine channel initiation, filling and maintenance from sea‐floor geomorphology and morphodynamic modelling of cyclic steps
Authors: Covault Jacob A. , Kostic Svetlana , Paull Charles K. , Ryan Holly F. , Fildani Andrea 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAdvances in acoustic imaging of submarine canyons and channels have provided accurate renderings of sea‐floor geomorphology. Still, a fundamental understanding of channel inception, evolution, sediment transport and the nature of the currents traversing these channels remains elusive. Herein, Autonomous Underwater Vehicle technology developed by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute provides high‐resolution perspectives of the geomorphology and shallow stratigraphy of the San Mateo canyon‐channel system, which is located on a tectonically active slope offshore of southern California. The channel comprises a series of crescent‐shaped bedforms in its thalweg. Numerical modelling is combined with interpretations of sea‐floor and shallow subsurface stratigraphic imagery to demonstrate that these bedforms are likely to be cyclic steps. Submarine cyclic steps compose a morphodynamic feature characterized by a cyclic series of long‐wave, upstream‐migrating bedforms. The bedforms are cyclic steps if each bedform in the series is bounded by a hydraulic jump in an overriding turbidity current, which is Froude‐supercritical over the lee side of the bedform and Froude‐subcritical over the stoss side. Numerical modelling and seismic‐reflection imagery support an interpretation of weakly asymmetrical to near‐symmetrical aggradation of predominantly fine‐grained net‐depositional cyclic steps. The dominant mode of San Mateo channel maintenance during the Holocene is interpreted to be thalweg reworking into aggrading cyclic steps by dilute turbidity currents. Numerical modelling also suggests that an incipient, proto‐San Mateo channel comprises a series of relatively coarse‐grained net‐erosional cyclic steps, which nucleated out of sea‐floor perturbations across the tectonically active lower slope. Thus, the interaction between turbidity‐current processes and sea‐floor perturbations appears to be fundamentally important to channel initiation, particularly in high‐gradient systems. Offshore of southern California, and in analogous deep‐water basins, channel inception, filling and maintenance are hypothesized to be strongly linked to the development of morphodynamic instability manifested as cyclic steps.
An Evaluation of Convergence Criteria for Digital Image Correlation Using Inverse Compositional Gauss–Newton Algorithm
Authors: Pan B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA fast, robust and accurate digital image correlation (DIC) method, which uses a robust zero‐mean normalized sum of squared difference correlation criterion, a sophisticated reliability‐guided displacement tracking strategy and an efficient inverse compositional Gauss–Newton (IC‐GN) algorithm, was recently proposed for full‐field deformation measurement. As an iterative local optimization algorithm, IC‐GN algorithm iteratively solves for the incremental warp assumed on the reference subset until the preset convergence criteria are satisfied. In the literature, different convergence criteria have been set for iterative optimization algorithms. However, on the one hand, stringent convergence criteria lead to increased number of iterations and lessen the computational efficiency. On the other hand, too loose convergence conditions enhance the computational efficiency but may decrease the registration accuracy. Understanding the impact of prescribed convergence criteria on DIC measurement and how to choose proper convergence criteria are therefore fundamental problems in realizing high‐efficiency yet high‐accuracy DIC analysis. In this paper, the convergence characteristics of IC‐GN algorithm are investigated in terms of convergence speed and radius of convergence using real experimental images. The effect of various convergence criteria on the efficiency and accuracy of IC‐GN algorithm are carefully examined. Recommendations are given to select proper convergence criteria for more efficient implement of IC‐GN algorithm.
Microbial properties and nitrogen contents of arable soils under different tillage regimes
Authors: Sun B. , Roberts D. M. , Dennis P. G. , Caul S. , Daniell T. J. , Hallett P. D. , Hopkins D. W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAttention is being paid to the use of different tillage regimes as a means of retaining soil organic carbon (SOC) and sequestering more SOC. Alongside earlier measurements of total SOC stocks under different tillage regimes, we have examined the distribution of nitrogen (N), microbial activity and the structure of the soil bacterial community from differently tilled plots under continuous barley. The plots were established 5 yr before sampling and have been maintained annually under conventional tillage (CT; moldboard ploughing to 20 cm and disking), deep ploughing (DP; ploughing to 40 cm and disking), minimum tillage (MT; disking to 7 cm) or zero tillage (ZT). Our earlier work showed there was no difference in SOC contents down to 60‐cm depth between the treatments, but now we report that there were significant differences in the total N and active microbial biomass (substrate‐induced respiration) contents of the same soils. The N contents of the CT, DP and MT treatments were not significantly different, but the ZT contained significantly more N, indicating either greater N retention under the ZT treatment or preferential loss from the more intensively tilled treatments, or a combination of both. The microbial biomass content was greater for the CT and DP treatments than for the MT and ZT treatments, indicating greater sensitivity to treatment effects of the microbial biomass pool than the total C pool, consistent with its more dynamic nature. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) analyses of the soil bacteria DNA (a method of assessing the bacterial community structure) enabled the samples to be distinguished both according to SOC content, which is to be expected, and to tillage regime with the greatest differences in community structure occurring in the ZT treatment and the least in DP and CT treatments, reflecting the degree of homogenization or disturbance resulting from tillage.
Disseminated Rhizopus microsporus infection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a child with severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Ye B. , Yu D. , Zhang X. , Shao K. , Chen D. , Wu D. , Zhang Y. , Zhou Y. , Shen Y. , Yu Q. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDisseminated Rhizopus microsporus infections are uncommon in children and are resistant to echinocandin and azole antifungal agents. We describe a child with severe aplastic anemia who developed disseminated R. microsporus infection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. R. microsporus was identified microscopically in the hepatic drain culture and was confirmed on the basis of 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA sequence analyses. The patient was treated successfully with hepatic drainage and amphotericin B deoxycholate.
Phosphorylation of the N‐ and C‐terminal UPF1 domains plays a critical role in plant nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Kerényi Farkas , Wawer Izabela , Sikorski Pawel J. , Kufel Joanna , Silhavy Dániel 
Published: October 2013

SummaryNonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an essential quality control system that degrades aberrant transcripts containing premature termination codons and regulates the expression of several normal transcripts. Targets for NMD are selected during translational termination. If termination is slow, the UPF1 NMD factor binds the eRF3 protein of the termination complex and then recruits UPF2 and UPF3. Consequently, the UPF1‐2‐3 NMD complex induces SMG7‐mediated degradation of the target mRNA. It is unknown how formation of the NMD complex and transcript degradation are linked in plants. Previously we have shown that the N‐ and C‐terminal domains of UPF1 act redundantly and that the N‐terminal domain is phosphorylated. To clarify the role of UPF1 phosphorylation in plant NMD, we generated UPF1 mutants and analyzed their phosphorylation status and the NMD competency of the mutants. We show that although several residues in the N‐terminal domain of UPF1 are phosphorylated, only three phosphorylated amino acids, S3, S13 and T29, play a role in NMD. Moreover, we found that the C‐terminal domain consists of redundant S/TQ‐rich segments and that S1076 is involved in NMD. All NMD‐relevant phosphorylation sites were in the S/TQ context. Co‐localization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer–fluorescence lifetime imaging assays suggest that N‐terminal and probably also C‐terminal phosphorylated S/TQ residues are the binding platform for SMG7. Our data support the hypothesis that phosphorylation of UPF1 connects NMD complex formation and the SMG7‐mediated target transcript degradation steps of NMD. SMG7 binds the phosphorylated S/TQ sites of the UPF1 component of the NMD complex, and then it induces the degradation of the NMD target.
MAG2 and three MAG2‐INTERACTING PROTEINs form an ER‐localized complex to facilitate storage protein transport in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Lixin , Shimada Tomoo , Takahashi Hideyuki , Koumoto Yasuko , Shirakawa Makoto , Takagi Junpei , Zhao Xiaonan , Tu Baoyu , Jin Hongmin , Shen Zhe , Han Baoda , Jia Meihui , Kondo Maki , Nishimura Mikio , Hara‐Nishimura Ikuko 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIn Arabidopsis thaliana, MAIGO 2 (MAG2) is involved in protein transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus via its association with the ER‐localized t‐SNARE components SYP81/AtUfe1 and SEC20. To characterize the molecular machinery of MAG2‐mediated protein transport, we explored MAG2‐interacting proteins using transgenic A. thaliana plants expressing TAP‐tagged MAG2. We identified three proteins, which were designated as MAG2‐INTERACTING PROTEIN 1–3 [MIP1 (At2g32900), MIP2 (At5g24350) and MIP3 (At2g42700)]. Both MIP1 and MAG2 localized to the ER membrane. All of the mag2, mip1, mip2 and mip3 mutants exhibited a defect in storage protein maturation, and developed abnormal storage protein body (MAG body) structures in the ER of seed cells. These observations suggest that MIPs are closely associated with MAG2 and function in protein transport between the ER and Golgi apparatus. MIP1 and MIP2 contain a Zeste–White 10 (ZW10) domain and a Sec39 domain, respectively, but have low sequence identities (21% and 23%) with respective human orthologs. These results suggest that the plant MAG2–MIP1–MIP2 complex is a counterpart of the triple‐subunit tethering complexes in yeast (Tip20p–Dsl1p–Sec39p) and humans (RINT1–ZW10–NAG). Surprisingly, the plant complex also contained a fourth member (MIP3) with a Sec1 domain. There have been no previous reports showing that a Sec1‐containing protein is a subunit of ER‐localized tethering complexes. Our results suggest that MAG2 and the three MIP proteins form a unique complex on the ER that is responsible for efficient transport of seed storage proteins.
The First Review ofEuropeanUnion Antidumping Reviews
Authors: Nita Andreea C. , Zanardi Maurizio 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe literature on antidumping (AD) has documented various aspects of this protectionist tool. However, a peculiar feature ofADhas not received much attention: these measures are endogenous to the behaviour of the exporting firms, which can adjust the dumping margin by changing their export price and ask the authority to amend theADmeasures accordingly. The objective of this paper is to fill part of this gap in the literature by analysing theADreviews conducted by theEuropeanUnion for affirmative petitions initiated in 1980–2009. To this end, a novel data set of all such reviews has been assembled. Summary statistics reveal that more than a third of all petitions concluded with the imposition ofADmeasures are reviewed at least once before their expiration, and most reviews lead to lowerADduties (although, almost 20 per cent of the firms investigated through interim reviews see their duties increase). There are significant differences in the outcome of the reviews depending on the party requesting them (i.e. reviews lodged byEuropean producers are less likely to lead to lower duties). These conclusions are confirmed by the econometric analysis, which also shows thatChinese firms see their duties reduced significantly less than those of firms from other countries.
A case of vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a Border collie successfully treated with topical tacrolimus and nicotinamide–tetracycline
Authors: Lehner Georg M. , Linek Monika 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundCanine vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus (VCLE) is an autoimmune skin disease of the Shetland sheepdog and rough collie, which manifests as an erosive dermatitis of sparsely haired skin of the ventrum and concave pinnae. Reported treatment consists of immunosuppression with glucocorticoids alone or in combination with azathioprine, but successful treatment is unpredictable.ObjectivesTo report on the treatment ofVCLEin a Border collie dog with topical 0.1% tacrolimus and nicotinamide in combination with tetracycline.Case reportAn 8‐year‐old male neutered Border collie was presented with multiple coalescing erosions on the ventral abdomen, groin and axillae and ulceration on the oral commissures. Clinical presentation, routine diagnostics, histology and immunohistochemistry were consistent withVCLE. Remission was achieved with topical 0.1% tacrolimus and combination therapy of nicotinamide and tetracycline.Conclusion and clinical importanceThis dog responded well to treatment with topical 0.1% tacrolimus, nicotinamide–tetracycline and sun avoidance. Complete remission was achieved after 2.5 months, and the dog was lesion free during a 1 year follow‐up period.