bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Z-(in)dependence of the Humphreys-Davidson Limit
Authors: Sabhahit Gautham N. , Vink Jorick S. , Higgins Erin R. , Sander Andreas A. C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe temperature independent part of the Humphreys-Davidson (HD) limit sets the boundary for evolutionary channels of massive stars that either end their lives as red supergiants (RSGs) or as the hotter blue supergiants (BSGs) and Wolf-Rayet stars. Recent downward revision of most luminous RSGs the Galaxy below log(L / L⊙) ≈ 5.5, more in line with the Magellanic Clouds, might hint towards a metallicity (Z)-independent HD limit. We present MESA single star models in the 15-40 M⊙ range and study the different Z-dependent processes that could potentially affect the location of the upper luminosity limit of RSGs.
Judges Behaving Badly: Judicial Misconduct and a Threat to Rights
Authors: Baker Melissa N. , Canelo Kayla S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Unethical behavior among US judges, including sexual misconduct and other forms of discriminatory behavior, is becoming increasingly publicized. These controversies are particularly concerning given the important role judges play in shaping policy pertaining to individual rights. We argue that types of misconduct serve as a signal to the public about potential threats judges may pose to people, particularly groups of people who are marginalized. We use a survey experiment that introduces a judge who has engaged in misconduct to measure if the type of misconduct will influence attitudes on whether the judge poses a threat to the rights of women, racial minorities, and ethnic minorities. Interestingly, we find that judges accused of discriminatory misconduct toward one group are viewed as a threat to rights across the board and are seen as less able to rule fairly on matters pertaining to marginalized people more generally.
Near‐Source Waveform Modeling to Estimate Shallow Crustal Attenuation and Radiated Energy of Mw 2.0–4.5 Earthquakes
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Emoto Kentaro , Takemura Shunsuke , Matsuzawa Toru 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEstimating the radiated energy of small‐to‐moderate (Mw < 5) earthquakes remains challenging because their energy decay significantly during wave propagation. Even when near‐source records are available, seismic waves pass through the shallow crust with strong attenuation, which can bias energy estimates. This study evaluated the degree of energy dissipation in the crust through modeling near‐source (<12 km) waveform data in northern Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. High‐quality waveforms recorded at a downhole sensor confined by granite with high seismic velocity helped to investigate this issue. We first estimated the moment tensors for M1–4 events and computed their synthetic waveforms, assuming a tentative one‐dimensional attenuation (Q−1) model. We then modified the Q−1‐model in the 5–20 Hz range such that the frequency components of the synthetic and observed waveforms of microearthquakes (Mw < 1.7) matched. The results show that the Qs‐value is as low as 55 at depths of <4 km with no obvious frequency dependence. Using the derived Q−1‐model, we estimated the moment‐scaled radiated energy (eR) of 3,884 events with Mw 2.0–4.5. The median eR is 3.5 × 10−5, similar to the values reported for Mw > 6 events, with no obvious Mw dependence. If we use an empirically derived Qs‐model, the median eR becomes a one‐order underestimation (2.0 × 10−6). More than 70% of the energy is dissipated in the shallow crust for events with Mw < 4. These results demonstrate the need for an accurate understanding of shallow crustal attenuation for energy estimation of small events, even with near‐source high‐quality data.
Toward a Data‐Effective Calibration of a Fully Distributed Catchment Water Quality Model
Authors: Ghaffar Salman , Zhou Xiangqian , Jomaa Seifeddine , Yang Xiaoqiang , Meon Günter , Rode Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDistributed hydrological water quality models are increasingly being used to manage natural resources at the catchment scale but there are no calibration guidelines for selecting the most effective gauging stations. In this study, we investigated the influence of calibration schemes on the spatiotemporal performance of a fully distributed process‐based hydrological water quality model (mHM‐Nitrate) for discharge and nitrate simulations at the Bode catchment in central Germany. We used a single‐ and two multi‐site calibration schemes where the two multi‐site schemes varied in number of gauging stations but each subcatchment represented different dominant land uses of the catchment. To extract a set of behavioral parameters for each calibration scheme, we chose a sequential multi‐criteria method with 300,000 iterations. For discharge (Q), model performance was similar among the three schemes (NSE varied from 0.88 to 0.92). However, for nitrate concentration (), the multi‐site schemes performed better than the single site scheme. This improvement may be attributed to that multi‐site schemes incorporated a broader range of data, including low Q and values, thus provided a better representation of within‐catchment diversity. Conversely, adding more gauging stations in the multi‐site approaches did not lead to further improvements in catchment representation but showed wider 95% uncertainty boundaries. Thus, adding observations that contained similar information on catchment characteristics did not seem to improve model performance; however, it increased uncertainty. These results highlight the importance of strategically selecting gauging stations that reflect the full range of catchment heterogeneity rather than seeking to maximize station number, to optimize parameter calibration.
Quantification of Crystal Chemistry of Fe‐Mg Carbonates by Raman Microspectroscopy and Near‐Infrared Remote Sensing
Authors: Beck Pierre , Beyssac Olivier , Schmitt Bernard , Royer Clement , Mandon Lucia , Boulard Eglantine , Rividi Nicolas , Cloutis Edward A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOn Earth, carbonate minerals are widely used as recorders of the geological environments in which they formed. Here, we present a method designed to retrieve the crystal chemistry of Fe‐Mg carbonate minerals using infrared remote sensing or Raman spectroscopy. We analyzed a suite of well‐characterized Fe‐Mg carbonate minerals for which Raman spectra were obtained in two different laboratories, and IR spectra were measured in reflectance and transmission from the visible range to 25‐μm. We built calibration lines for the dependence of fundamental and harmonic vibrational modes position to the Mg# (defined as Mg# = 100 × Mg/(Mg + Fe + Ca + Mn)). These calibrations should enable retrieval of Mg# based on spectroscopic observations with a typical accuracy of 10. We discuss the framework of applicability of these calibrations and apply them to a typical CRISM spectrum of carbonates from the Nilli Fossae region of Mars.
Inhomogeneous Magnetization of Tyrrhenian Seamounts Revealed From Gravity and Magnetic Correlation Analysis
Authors: Barone A. , Milano M. , Fedi M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe perform a joint analysis of gravity and magnetic data sets in the Tyrrhenian Sea region to infer the rock physical properties of several volcanic seamounts. We propose a moving‐window application using Poisson's theorem, which relates the total gradient of the magnetic field to the total gradient of the first‐order vertical derivative of the gravity field data. In volcanic environments, where strong intensity of remanent magnetization is expected, the total gradient of the magnetic field is particularly useful since it is almost independent on the direction of the total‐magnetization. The moving‐window approach resulted necessary due to the heterogeneous magnetization distribution of the volcanoes. First, we perform synthetic tests based on realistic seamount models which exhibit inhomogeneous magnetization intensity and orientation. Using the total gradients, we demonstrate that our approach can provide an appropriate magnetization‐to‐density ratio in different subareas of seamounts. The results of the correlation analysis for the Palinuro, Marsili, Vavilov, and Magnaghi seamounts provide interesting information on the variability of magnetization associated with different epochs of formation and demagnetization effects due to hydrothermal alteration processes.
Seasonal Temperature and Circulation Patterns in a Hybrid Polar Lake, Great Bear Lake, Canada
Authors: Carmack Eddy , Vagle Svein , Kheyrollah Pour Homa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGreat Bear Lake (GBL) is the largest lake entirely within Canada and the largest polar‐type lake in the world. It holds cultural and sustenance value to the Délı˛ne Got'ine. However, its baseline physical limnology and how this may be altered by climate warming and anthropogenic stressors have received little attention. To explore the roles that surface heat exchange, wind, seasonal ice cover, and thermodynamic constraints play in the seasonal progression of ventilation and stratification of GBL, we report data from two 2008‐09 moorings, satellite‐derived lake surface temperatures, and observations made in 1964. Three spatially constrained processes regulate seasonal patterns of ventilation and stratification. Mid‐lake temperatures remain below the temperature of maximum density (TMDsurf = 3.98°C) throughout the year. In this area, solar radiation drives vertical convection while cooling develops stratification. Waters along the perimeter of the lake and within its five major arms do rise above TMDsurf in summer and stratify. It follows that mixing between the inner and outer domains form water at TMDsurf to create a convergent sinking zone or thermal bar. Because TMD decreases with increasing pressure, ventilation in the deepest region of the lake (McTavish Arm, Zmax = 446 m) requires wind‐aided downwelling to force cold surface water to a depth where it lies closer to the local TMD, triggering thermobaric instability, which then drives full‐depth ventilation. These patterns of ventilation and stratification constrain the availability of light and nutrients, therefore setting rates of biogeochemical processes, and regulating the lake's overall response to climate change.
Impact of Instantaneous Parameter Sensitivity on Ensemble‐Based Parameter Estimation: Simulation With an Intermediate Coupled Model
Authors: Cao Lige , Han Guijun , Li Wei , Wu Haowen , Wu Xiaobo , Zhou Gongfu , Zheng Qingyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOn ensemble‐based coupled data assimilation, cross‐component parameter estimation (CPE), has not been as extensively developed and applied as weakly coupled state and parameter estimation along with cross‐component state estimation. This discrepancy is partially attributed to the lack of emphasis on the instantaneous response of coupled model states with respect to parameters across different components. We define so‐called response as the instantaneous parameter sensitivity (IPS). Under the framework of sequential assimilation, the prior information heavily relies on the IPS of coupled states with different time scales. Based on the IPS analysis for an intermediate coupled model, a series of twin experiments of state and parameter estimation are conducted, in which an IPS‐inspired adaptive inflation scheme for parameter ensemble is introduced. Results show that the success of a parameter estimation strategy is closely tied to the significant IPS of the observed state to the parameter targeted for optimization, as it maintains a high signal‐to‐noise ratio in the error covariance between parameter and prior state, thereby enhancing parameter estimation. An interesting finding in the context of IPS‐based CPE is: an atmospheric parameter can be successfully estimated by assimilating observations from slow‐varying oceanic component, but not vice versa. In comparison with cross‐component state estimation, successful CPE significantly enhances the estimation accuracy of coupled states by mitigating model bias.
Effect of Sortilin1 on promoting angiogenesis and systemic metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma via the Notch signaling pathway and CD133
Authors: Ahn Hye Ri , Kim Sujin , Baek Geum Ok , Yoon Moon Gyeong , Kang Minji , Ng Jestlin Tianthing , Go Yunjin , Lim Su Bin , Yoon Jung Hwan , Jeong Jee-Yeong , Han Ji Eun , Kim Soon Sun , Cheong Jae Youn , Eun Jung Woo , Cho Hyo Jung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to be lethal disease. However, its prognosis remains poor, primarily because the precise oncogenic mechanisms underlying HCC progression remain elusive, thus hampering effective treatment. Here, we aimed to identify the potential oncogenes in HCC and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of their action. To identify potential candidate genes, an integrative analysis of eight publicly available genomic datasets was performed, and the functional implications of the identified genes were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Sortilin 1 (SORT1) was identified as a potential candidate oncogene in HCC, and its overexpression in HCC cells was confirmed by analyzing spatial transcriptomic and single-cell data. Silencing SORT1 in Huh-7 and Hep3B cells significantly reduced HCC progression in vitro and in vivo. Functional analyses of oncogenic pathways revealed that SORT1 expression regulated the Notch signaling pathway activation and CD133 expression. Furthermore, analysis of epigenetic regulation of the candidate gene and its clinical implications using The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA LIHC) and our HCC cohort (AJOU_HCC cohort) data demonstrated an inverse correlation between the methylation status of the SORT1 promoter region, specifically at the cg16988986 site, and SORT1 mRNA expression, indicating the epigenetic regulation of SORT1 in HCC. In addition, the distinct methylation status of cg16988986 was significantly associated with patient survival. In conclusion, SORT1 plays a pivotal role in HCC by activating the Notch signaling pathway and increasing CD133 expression. These findings suggest SORT1 as a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
CTDSPL2 promotes the progression of non-small lung cancer through PI3K/AKT signaling via JAK1
Authors: Li Muzi , Chen La , Yu Fangfang , Mei Huijuan , Ma Xingxing , Ding Keshuo , Yang Yanan , Rong Ziye 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarboxy-terminal domain small phosphatase like 2 (CTDSPL2), one of the haloacid dehalogenase phosphatases, is associated with several diseases including cancer. However, the role of CTDSPL2 and its regulatory mechanism in lung cancer remain unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the clinical implications, biological functions, and molecular mechanisms of CTDSPL2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CTDSPL2 was identified as a novel target of the tumor suppressor miR-193a-3p. CTDSPL2 expression was significantly elevated in NSCLC tissues. Database analysis showed that CTDSPL2 expression was negatively correlated with patient survival. Depletion of CTDSPL2 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models. Additionally, silencing of CTDSPL2 enhanced CD4+ T cell infiltration into tumors. Moreover, CTDSPL2 interacted with JAK1 and positively regulated JAK1 expression. Subsequent experiments indicated that CTDSPL2 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through the upregulation of JAK1, thereby promoting the progression of NSCLC. In conclusion, CTDSPL2 may play an oncogenic role in NSCLC progression by activating PI3K/AKT signaling via JAK1. These findings may provide a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.
Obstructive sleep apnea -related hypertension: a review of the literature and clinical management strategy
Authors: Shiina Kazuki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and hypertension have a high rate of co-occurrence, with OSA being a causative factor for hypertension. Sympathetic activity due to intermittent hypoxia and/or fragmented sleep is the most important mechanisms triggering the elevation in blood pressure in OSA. OSA-related hypertension is characterized by resistant hypertension, nocturnal hypertension, abnormal blood pressure variability, and vascular remodeling. In particular, the prevalence of OSA is high in patients with resistant hypertension, and the mechanism proposed includes vascular remodeling due to the exacerbation of arterial stiffness by OSA. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy is effective at lowering blood pressure, however, the magnitude of the decrease in blood pressure is relatively modest, therefore, patients often need to also take antihypertensive medications to achieve optimal blood pressure control. Antihypertensive medications targeting sympathetic pathways or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system have theoretical potential in OSA-related hypertension, Therefore, beta-blockers and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors may be effective in the management of OSA-related hypertension, but current evidence is limited. The characteristics of OSA-related hypertension, such as nocturnal hypertension and obesity-related hypertension, suggests potential for angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor/ glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GIP/GLP-1 RA). Recently, OSA has been considered to be caused not only by upper airway anatomy but also by several non-anatomic mechanisms, such as responsiveness of the upper airway response, ventilatory control instability, and reduced sleep arousal threshold. Elucidating the phenotypic mechanisms of OSA may potentially advance more personalized hypertension treatment strategies in the future.
Long-term safety and effectiveness of mRNA-1273 vaccine in adults: COVE trial open-label and booster phases
Authors: Baden Lindsey R. , El Sahly Hana M. , Essink Brandon , Follmann Dean , Hachigian Gregory , Strout Cynthia , Overcash J. Scott , Doblecki-Lewis Susanne , Whitaker Jennifer A. , Anderson Evan J. , Neuzil Kathleen , Corey Lawrence , Priddy Frances , Tomassini Joanne E. , Brown Mollie , Girard Bethany , Stolman Dina , Urdaneta Veronica , Wang Xiaowei , Deng Weiping , Zhou Honghong , Dixit Avika , Das Rituparna , Miller Jacqueline M. ,   the COVE Trial Consortium
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrimary vaccination with mRNA-1273 (100-µg) was safe and efficacious at preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the previously reported, blinded Part A of the phase 3 Coronavirus Efficacy (COVE; NCT04470427) trial in adults (≥18 years) across 99 U.S. sites. The open-label (Parts B and C) primary objectives were evaluation of long-term safety and effectiveness of primary vaccination plus a 50-µg booster dose; immunogenicity was a secondary objective. Of 29,035 open-label participants, 19,609 received boosters (mRNA-1273 [n = 9647]; placebo-mRNA-1273 [n = 9952]; placebo [n = 10] groups). Booster safety was consistent with that reported for primary vaccination. Incidences of COVID-19 and severe COVID-19 were higher during the Omicron BA.1 than Delta variant waves and boosting versus non-boosting was associated with a significant, 47.0% (95% CI : 39.0-53.9%) reduction of Omicron BA.1 incidence (24.6 [23.4 − 25.8] vs 46.4 [40.6 − 52.7]/1000 person-months). In an exploratory Cox regression model adjusted for time-varying covariates, a longer median interval between primary vaccination and boosting (mRNA-1273 [13 months] vs placebo-mRNA-1273 [8 months]) was associated with significantly lower, COVID-19 risk (24.0% [16.0% − 32.0%]) during Omicron BA.1 predominance. Boosting elicited greater immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 than primary vaccination, irrespective of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Primary vaccination and boosting with mRNA-1273 demonstrated acceptable safety, effectiveness and immunogenicity against COVID-19, including emergent variants.
Bleaching protection and axial sectioning in fluorescence nanoscopy through two-photon activation at 515 nm
Authors: Bredfeldt Jan-Erik , Oracz Joanna , Kiszka Kamila A. , Moosmayer Thea , Weber Michael , Sahl Steffen J. , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractActivation of caged fluorophores in microscopy has mostly relied on the absorption of a single ultraviolet (UV) photon of ≲400 nm wavelength or on the simultaneous absorption of two near-infrared (NIR) photons >700 nm. Here, we show that two green photons (515 nm) can substitute for a single photon (~260 nm) to activate popular silicon-rhodamine (Si-R) dyes. Activation in the green range eliminates the chromatic aberrations that plague activation by UV or NIR light. Thus, in confocal fluorescence microscopy, the activation focal volume can be matched with that of confocal detection. Besides, detrimental losses of UV and NIR light in the optical system are avoided. We apply two-photon activation (2PA) of three Si-R dyes in different superresolution approaches. STED microscopy of thick samples is improved through optical sectioning and photobleaching reduced by confining active fluorophores to a thin layer. 2PA of individualized fluorophores enables MINSTED nanoscopy with nanometer-resolution.
Bio-integrated carbon capture and utilization: at the interface between capture chemistry and archaeal CO2 reduction
Authors: Sieborg Mads Ujarak , Nielsen Amalie Kirstine Hessellund , Ottosen Lars Ditlev Mørck , Daasbjerg Kim , Kofoed Michael Vedel Wegener 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon capture and utilization (CCU) covers an array of technologies for valorizing carbon dioxide (CO2). To date, most mature CCU technology conducted with capture agents operates against the CO2 gradient to desorb CO2 from capture agents, exhibiting high energy penalties and thermal degradation due to the requirement for thermal swings. This Perspective presents a concept of Bio-Integrated Carbon Capture and Utilization (BICCU), which utilizes methanogens for integrated release and conversion of CO2 captured with capture agents. BICCU hereby substitutes the energy-intensive desorption with microbial conversion of captured CO2 by the methanogenic CO2-reduction pathway, utilizing green hydrogen to generate non-fossil methane.
Multistage protective anti-CelTOS monoclonal antibodies with cross-species sterile protection against malaria
Authors: Tang Wai Kwan , Salinas Nichole D. , Kolli Surendra Kumar , Xu Shulin , Urusova Darya V. , Kumar Hirdesh , Jimah John R. , Subramani Pradeep Annamalai , Ogbondah Madison M. , Barnes Samantha J. , Adams John H. , Tolia Niraj H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCelTOS is a malaria vaccine antigen that is conserved in Plasmodium and other apicomplexan parasites and plays a role in cell-traversal. The structural basis and mechanisms of CelTOS-induced protective immunity to parasites are unknown. Here, CelTOS-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 7g7 and 4h12 demonstrated multistage activity, protecting against liver infection and preventing parasite transmission to mosquitoes. Both mAbs demonstrated cross-species activity with sterile protection against in vivo challenge with transgenic parasites containing either P. falciparum or P. vivax CelTOS, and with transmission reducing activity against P. falciparum. The mAbs prevented CelTOS-mediated pore formation providing insight into the protective mechanisms. X-ray crystallography and mutant-library epitope mapping revealed two distinct broadly conserved neutralizing epitopes. 7g7 bound to a parallel dimer of CelTOS, while 4h12 bound to a novel antiparallel dimer architecture. These findings inform the design of antibody therapies and vaccines and raise the prospect of a single intervention to simultaneously combat P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria.