bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modifying effect of calcium/magnesium intake ratio and mortality: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Dai Qi , Shu Xiao-Ou , Deng Xinqing , Xiang Yong-Bing , Li Honglan , Yang Gong , Shrubsole Martha J , Ji Butian , Cai Hui , Chow Wong-Ho , Gao Yu-Tang , Zheng Wei 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesMagnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) antagonise each other in (re)absorption, inflammation and many other physiological activities. Based on mathematical estimation, the absorbed number of Ca or Mg depends on the dietary ratio of Ca to Mg intake. We hypothesise that the dietary Ca/Mg ratio modifies the effects of Ca and Mg on mortality due to gastrointestinal tract cancer and, perhaps, mortality due to diseases occurring in other organs or systems.DesignProspective studies.SettingPopulation-based cohort studies (The Shanghai Women's Health Study and the Shanghai Men's Health Study) conducted in Shanghai, China.Participants74 942 Chinese women aged 40–70 years and 61 500 Chinese men aged 40–74 years participated in the study.Primary outcome measuresAll-cause mortality and disease-specific mortality.ResultsIn this Chinese population with a low Ca/Mg intake ratio (a median of 1.7 vs around 3.0 in US populations), intakes of Mg greater than US Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) levels (320 mg/day among women and 420 mg/day among men) were related to increased risks of total mortality for both women and men. Consistent with our hypothesis, the Ca/Mg intake ratio significantly modified the associations of intakes of Ca and Mg with mortality risk, whereas no significant interactions between Ca and Mg in relation to outcome were found. The associations differed by gender. Among men with a Ca/Mg ratio >1.7, increased intakes of Ca and Mg were associated with reduced risks of total mortality, and mortality due to coronary heart diseases. In the same group, intake of Ca was associated with a reduced risk of mortality due to cancer. Among women with a Ca/Mg ratio ≤1.7, intake of Mg was associated with increased risks of total mortality, and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and colorectal cancer.ConclusionsThese results, if confirmed, may help to understand the optimal balance between Ca and Mg in the aetiology and prevention of these common diseases and reduction in mortality.
Effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative treatment in neonatal intensive care units: protocol for a multicentre randomised clinical trial
Authors: Cerritelli Francesco , Pizzolorusso Gianfranco , Renzetti Cinzia , D'Incecco Carmine , Fusilli Paola , Perri Paolo Francesco , Tubaldi Lucia , Barlafante Gina 
Published: February 2013

IntroductionNeonatal care has been considered as one of the first priorities for improving quality of life in children. In 2010, 10% of babies were born prematurely influencing national healthcare policies, economic action plans and political decisions. The use of complementary medicine has been applied to the care of newborns. One previous study documented the positive effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in reducing newborns’ length of stay (LOS). Aim of this multicentre randomised controlled trial is to examine the association between OMT and LOS across three neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).Methods and analysis690 preterm infants will be recruited from three secondary and tertiary NICUs from north and central Italy and allocated into two groups, using permuted-block randomisation.The two groups will receive standard medical care and OMT will be applied, twice a week, to the experimental group only. Outcome assessors will be blinded of study design and group allocation. The primary outcome is the mean difference in days between discharge and entry. Secondary outcomes are difference in daily weight gain, number of episodes of vomit, regurgitation, stooling, use of enema, time to full enteral feeding and NICU costs. Statistical analyses will take into account the intention-to-treat method. Missing data will be handled using last observation carried forward (LOCF) imputation technique.Ethics and disseminationWritten informed consent will be obtained from parents or legal guardians at study enrolment. The trial has been approved by the ethical committee of Macerata hospital (n°22/int./CEI/27239) and it is under review by the other regional ethics committees.ResultsDissemination of results from this trial will be through scientific medical journals and conferences.Trial registrationThis trial has been registered athttp://www.clinicaltrials.org(identifierNCT01645137).
Passwords getting painful, computing still blissful
Authors: Hong Jason , Reed Daniel 
Published: February 2013

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Jason Hong wonders how anyone can follow the mounting complexity of password rules, and Daniel Reed ponders the attractions of computing.
Selective inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome by targeting to promyelocytic leukemia protein in mouse and human
Authors: Lo Yu-Hsun , Huang Yu-Wen , Wu Yung-Hsuan , Tsai Chi-Shan , Lin Yu-Chuan , Mo Shu-Ting , Kuo Wen-Chih , Chuang Ya-Ting , Jiang Si-Tse , Shih Hsiu-Ming , Lai Ming-Zong 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
PML selectively activates NLRP3 inflammasome. Targeting to PML could be used to attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome–associated pathogenesis.
Promoting regulation via the inhibition of DNAM-1 after transplantation
Authors: Koyama Motoko , Kuns Rachel D. , Olver Stuart D. , Lineburg Katie E. , Lor Mary , Teal Bianca E. , Raffelt Neil C. , Leveque Lucie , Chan Christopher J. , Robb Renee J. , Markey Kate A. , Alexander Kylie A. , Varelias Antiopi , Clouston Andrew D. , Smyth Mark J. , MacDonald Kelli P. A. , Hill Geoffrey R. 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
The DNAM-1 adhesion and costimulatory pathway promotes GVHD via effects on regulatory T cells. Effective GVL can still occur in the absence of DNAM-1, making the pathway an attractive therapeutic target.
Pts-Oi Complex Formation in Platinum Diffused Silicon
Authors: Vervisch Wilfried , Ventura Laurent , Pichaud Bernard , Ducreux Gérard , Lhorte André 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWhen platinum is diffused at temperatures higher than 900°C in Cz or FZ low doped n-type silicon samples, which are then cooled slowly in the range [1-10]°C/min, a p-type doping leading to the formation of a pn junction can be observed by spreading resistance measurement. The lower the cooling rate, the deeper the junction is. This junction disappears after a second thermal treatment finishing with a quenching step. A platinum related complex formation is considered to explain this reversible doping behaviour. Different possible interactions between platinum and other impurities such as dopant atoms, intrinsic point defects, and common residual impurities (C, Oi, transition metallic atoms) are studied here. Experimental results from Pt diffusion processes in different qualities of silicon wafers, and simulation results, lead to the conclusion that the platinum related p-type doping effect is due to the formation of a Pts-Oi complex.
Trastuzumab for the Treatment of Salivary Duct Carcinoma
Authors: Limaye Sewanti A. , Posner Marshall R. , Krane Jeffrey F. , Fonfria Maria , Lorch Jochen H. , Dillon Deborah A. , Shreenivas Aditya V. , Tishler Roy B. , Haddad Robert I. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Objectives.
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with high mortality and poor response to treatment. A significant fraction of SDCs are HER2 positive. This retrospective review examines HER2 testing in SDC and the outcome of trastuzumab-based therapy in adjuvant and palliative settings.

Methods.
A total of 13 patients with SDC and HER2/neu expression by immunohistochemistry of 1–3+ were treated with trastuzumab in adjuvant (n = 8) or palliative (n = 5) setting. Adjuvant therapy consisted of concurrent radiation and chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel, carboplatin, and trastuzumab (TCH) for 6 weeks followed by TCH for 12 weeks and trastuzumab alone for 1 year. Palliative treatment for metastatic disease consisted of TCH every 3 weeks for 6 cycles followed by trastuzumab for variable time periods with or without second-line chemotherapy for progression. All patients had fluorescence in situ hybridization testing for HER2/neu gene amplification.

Results.
The median duration of follow-up was 27 months (range: 8–48 months). In all, 62% of adjuvant patients (5/8) had no evidence of disease more than 2 years from completion of therapy. All patients with metastatic disease (5/5 patients) responded to treatment with TCH. One patient achieved a complete response and remains with no evidence of disease 52 months after initiation of TCH. The median duration of response was 18 months (range: 8–52 months).

Conclusion.
HER2/neu positivity and treatment with trastuzumab correlated well with long-term survival and response in our patients. Based on this data, we propose that HER2/neu status be examined routinely in all patients with SDCs and the treatment be directed accordingly.
Computerized Adaptive Testing in Poland / Komputerowe Testowanie Adaptacyjne W Polsce
Authors: Gmoch Ryszard 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
New trends relating to computer-based testing of learners’ achievements are presented in the paper. It describes adaptive testing methods and results of studies in this problem area. Essential questions connected with the Item Response Theory (IRT) were also discussed. The presented data indicate that computer-based adaptive testing should be popularized in Poland to its fullest extent.
African Literary Topoi in Modern African Texts and the Problematics of Europhone Forms
Authors: Chukwumah Ignatius 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article treats selected oral poems whose topoi or motifs have transcended time and space to play out themselves in modern African fictions where colonial languages and their consequent habits of thought serve as media of enunciation. Thereafter, it beams attention on African scholars and writers who have attempted, presumably, to translate the oral medium of expression into indigenous and/or colonial written form(s) while maintaining the navel-strings that linked them, through the transfer of topoi and from the local and indigenous language to the Europhone form which, though, has led to international recognition, also serves to affirm a classic consequential illustration of the zero sum game
The Perceived Role of L2 English in the Process of Learning L3 German
Authors: Balla Ágnes T. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The central aim of my research is to investigate the third language learning processes of L1 Hungarian high-school learners learning L2 English and L3 German. More specifically, I aim at revealing to what extent Hungarian learners rely on their knowledge of their L1 and L2 as well as on the learning strategies they have developed while learning their L2.
Mirror-Images, or Love As Religion in Philip Pullman’s Trilogy, His Dark Materials
Authors: Tóth Zsuzsanna 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Philip Pullman retells mankind’s archetypal memories of the Fall in his fantasy trilogy, His Dark Materials. I aim to prove that the age-old religious desire for the oneness of the sacred and the profane, as well as of spirit and matter is manifested in Pullman’s fictional mythology in a way that religion and love also turn out to be one.
Statistical analysis of mineral soils in the Odra valley
Authors: Hudak Magda , Rojna Arkadiusz 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The aim of this article is to present the results of statistical analyses of laboratory experiment results obtained from an ITB ZW-K2 apparatus, Kamieński tubes and grain-size distribution curves. Beside basic statistical parameters (mean, sum, minimum and maximum), correlation analysis and multivariate analysis of variance at significance levels α < 0.01 and α < 0.05 were taken into account, as well as calculations of LSD confidence half-intervals.
The research material was collected from the valley of the Odra river near the town of Słubice in Lubuskie province. The research involved mineral, non-rock fine-grained, non-cohesive soils lying at the depth of 0.3-1.5 m.
Efficiency assessment of vertical barriers on the basis of flow and transport numerical modeling
Authors: Koda Eugeniusz , Kołanka Tomasz , Osiński Piotr 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The construction of cut-off walls is a common solution applied in such disciplines as land reclamation and landfill containment. Most commonly the construction of vertical barriers is based on cut-off wall mono or diphase technology with the use of bentonite-cement mixture as a filling material. The content of the paper is focused on groundwater flow and transport numerical modeling conducted on landfill areas where vertical bentonite barriers were constructed. The modeling process was conducted with the use of FEMWATER software which employs analysis based on finite element method. There are two examples of the software application presented in the paper which concern such case studies, i.e., reclamation of Radiowo and Łubna landfill sites. These examples are provided to prove that the appropriate investigation of ground conditions as well as definition of initial and boundary conditions and correct selection of material parameters to be fed into the software, are crucial for the overall modeling process. Moreover, the comparison of results obtained from the numerical modeling and the groundwater monitoring on site is presented for one of the case studies.
Telematics Business and Management in Bahrain Market
Authors: Hussain Marwan Rajeh , Zainal Abduljalil , Elmedany Wael Mohamed , Fakhr Mohamed Waleed 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present and discuss issues related to the telematics business and management in Bahrain. Telematics is a part of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which plays a major role in the economic development of countries. Telematics applications are becoming increasingly important in modern transportation to increase reliability, safety and security of both vehicles and drivers. There are many applications for telematics; some of these applications are telematics for educations, telematics for health, and vehicle telematics. One of the most important applications of telematics is vehicle telematics, which includes vehicle tracking, fleet management, container tracking, trail tracking. In this paper we are focusing on vehicle telematics business and management in Bahrain market.
The First Record Of Platystele ximenae (Pleurothallidinae, Orchidaceae) For Colombia
Authors: Kolanowska Marta 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Previously known only from the type locality in Ecuador, Platystele ximenae is reported for the first time from Colombia. This species has been described and illustrated based on the material recently collected in the department of Valle del Cauca. Information about its habitat and ecology is provided.
Nox Emissions with Application of the Atkinson and the Miller Cycles at Partial Load with Mixture Heating
Authors: Miklánek Ľubomír 
Published: February 2013

Shrnuti
Obsah článku je zaměřen na výzkum emisí NOx v aplikaci obou známých nekonvenčních cyklů, tj. modifikovaného Atkinsonova pracovního cyklu s pozdním zavíráním sacího ventilu (LIVC) a Millerova pracovního cyklu s extrémně předčasným zavíráním sacího ventilu (EIVC) v porovnání s Ottovým cyklem v částečném zatížení (se škrcením v sání) s ohřevem směsi v sání motoru.
Je známé, že aplikací Atkinsonova a Millerova cyklu dochází ke snížení teploty náplně ve válci na začátku komprese. V případě konstantního kompresního poměru je snížená také teplota náplně na začátku spalování. Spalování je tak pomalejší (v porovnání s Ottovým cyklem) což může negativně ovlivnit indikovanou účinnost cyklu. Tomuto lze zabránit např. ohřevem pracovní látky v sacím traktu motoru. Tím však může docházet k zvýšení emisí NOx následkem zvýšení teploty ve válci během spalování.
Pro výpočet emisí NOx během spalování se použil rozšířený Zeldovičův mechanismus jakožto součást použitého komerčního 1-D kódu. Pomocí simulací byl zjištěn určitý pokles emisí NOx v aplikaci nekonvenčních pracovních cyklů v porovnání s Ottovým cyklem a to i s ohřevem směsi v sacím traktu.
Averaged models of pulse-modulated DC-DC power converters. Part II. Models based on the separation of variables
Authors: Janke Włodzimierz 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The separation of variables approach to formulate the averaged models of DC-DC switch-mode power converters is presented in the paper. The proposed method is applied to basic converters such as BUCK, BOOST and BUCK-BOOST. The ideal converters or converters with parasitic resistances, working in CCM and in DCM mode are considered. The models are presented in the form of equation systems for large signal, steady-state and small-signal case. It is shown, that the models obtained by separation of variables approach differ in some situations from standard models based on switch averaging method.
Stomach Nematodes of Wild Ducks (Subfamily Anatinae) Wintering in the North-Western Poland
Authors: Kavetska Katarzyna M. , Pilarczyk Bogumiła , Królaczyk Katarzyna 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to present the structure of nematofauna community with particular emphasis on stomach (proventriculus and gizzard) nematodes in wild ducks wintering in large numbers in the North-Western Poland. Hosts (n=152) were represented by 17 species from eight genera belonging to three different ecological tribes: Anatini, Aythyini, and Mergini. Parasitic nematodes (n=14,396) were found in the digestive tract of 813 out of 1,052 birds (77.3%), with the vast majority of nematodes (93.9%) found in the gizzard (n=7,326) and proventriculus (n=6,198). Nematodes isolated from these organs represented 21 species from six families: Amidostomatidae, Acuariidae, Tetrameridae, Dioctophymatidae, Ascarididae, and Anisakidae. The most prevalent were nematodes from the genus Amidostomoides (n=6,686 individuals; 49.4%), and the most dominant species was A. monodon (5,013 nematodes).
Analysis of IL-2 Production in Hookworm Infected Hamsters Using Generated Polyclonal Antibodies
Authors: Długosz Ewa , Cendrowski Jarosław , Bąska Piotr , Siwińska Anna , Wędrychowicz Halina , Wiśniewski Marcin 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study was cloning and analysis of the entire coding sequence of hamster IL-2 by the method of RACE-PCR, its expression in Escherichia coli cells, and production of IL-2 specific antibodies. These antibodies were used to determine in vitro IL-2 production by cells derived from the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of Ancylostoma ceylanicum infected hamsters. The highest concentration of IL-2 was noted in supernatants from cell cultures coming from the oldest, most resistant hamsters.
Distribution of the Cocaine and Amphetamine - Regulated Transcript (Cart) and Calcium Binding Proteins Immunoreactivity in the Preoptic Area of the Ram
Authors: Bogus-Nowakowska Krystyna , Litwin Dorota , Robak Anna , Równiak Maciej , Żakowski Witold , Wasilewska Barbara , Najdzion Janusz , Milewski Stanisław 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study was to describe the distribution of cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and calcium binding proteins (CaBPs) of EF-hand family, namely calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the preoptic area (POA) of the ram. Frozen sections were processed for a routine immunofluorescence labelling. CART, calbindin, and calretinin immunoreactivity was present in neurons and fibers of the preoptic area, whereas parvalbumin showed immunoreactivity only in the POA fibers. CART displayed from a moderate to low immunoreactivity in cells and a high immunoreactivity in fibers. The highest immunoreactivity of all studied CaBPs exhibited calbindin, whereas the lowest parvalbumin. The results of the present study suggest that among the studied CaBPs, calbindin is the most likely to be involved in the participation of the important regulatory functions in the ram’s POA and the rich CART innervation seems to be strictly related to its control of the reproduction.
Determination of Chromium in Biological Material by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method
Authors: Nawrocka Agnieszka , Szkoda Józef 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Procedure for determination of chromium in biological materials by Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method using a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer equipped with hollow-cathode lamp at 357.9 nm was developed. The samples of animal tissues, food, and feed were digested in muffle furnace at 450ºC. The ash was dissolved in 1 N hydrochloric acid and the final solution was diluted in 0.2% nitric acid. Magnesium nitrate (1%) was used as a matrix modifier. The method was validated in terms of basic analytical parameters. The mean recoveries of chromium was 84.4% for muscle, 79.0% for canned meat, and 80.2% for feed, and analytical detection limit was 0.003 μg/g. Certified reference materials were used for analytical quality assurance. The proposed analytical procedure is well adapted for monitoring chromium content in food and feedstuffs. Content of total chromium in the tested samples (animal muscles and liver) was low and was situated in the range of 0.031-0.101 mg/kg (muscles) and 0.047-0.052 mg/kg (liver).
Morphological Differentiation of Polish Arabian Horses - Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Sobczuk Dorota , Komosa Marcin 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study was to show the variability of exterior type in Arabian horses bred in three leading stud farms in Poland. A total of 334 adult animals from the basic herd of stud farms in Bialka, Janow Podlaski, and Michalow were studied. Each horse underwent 26 exterior measurements. In the first stage, the method of exploration of multidimensional data - principal component analysis, was used, and subsequently, a stepwise canonical discriminant analysis. It was found that each stud farm breeds horses with a different metrical pattern. Horses bred in Bialka represent clearly different morphotype comparing to horses from the other stud farms. Individuals from Janow Podlaski are more similar to horses originating from Michalow but morphological variation also occurs between them. From among the 26 metric traits, 10 parameters have a meaningful discriminative power. These include in particular such parameters as the length of the metatarsus, pelvis, arm, and neck, and depth of the chest.
Terminal values and meaning in life among university students with varied levels of altruism in the present period of socio-cultural change
Authors: Głaz Stanisław 
Published: February 2013

Abstract The author of this paper, interested in the issues of values preference, meaning in life and altruism among university students has attempted to show a relation between them in the present period of clearly noticeable socio-cultural change. The study was conducted in 2009-2010 in Kraków among university students. The age of the respondents ranged from 21 to 25. 200 sets of correctly completed questionnaires were used for the results analysis.
In order to show values preference among university students Rokeach’s ValueSurvey (RVS) was used. The level of a sense of meaning in life was measured by means of Crumbaugh and Maholick’s Purpose in Life Test (PLT). Moreover, Śliwak’s Questionnaire of Altruism (A-N) was applied to measure the level of altruism.
It was found that students with a high level of altruism are accompanied by a higher level of meaning in life than students with a low level thereof. Terminal values significantly correlate with meaning in life in groups of students with a high and low level of altruism. Among terminal values, values personal in character appear to be more strongly related to meaning in life than values social in character.