bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Pitch and Loudness Associated with Tinnitus Annoyance?
Authors: Rosito Leticia S. , Bonfitto Miguel , Deutsch Konrado M. , Bombardell Karine , Butzke Bruna , Silva Alice L. , Dalligna Celso 
Published: August 2013

Objective:Verify if there is an association between tinnitus pitch and loudness and degree of annoyance.Methods:Transversal study involving 129 consecutives patients with unilateral disturbing tinnitus between September 2003 and December 2011. The tinnitus pitch and loudness was measured by acufenometry. The impact of tinnitus in patient's quality of life was evaluated using both tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and visual analog scale (VAS) at the same time when acufenometry was performed. Statistical analysis was made using the Pearson correlation test.Results:The mean age was 57.7 ± 12.6 years old and 62.8% were female. The correlation coefficient between loudness and VAS was R = 0.2, P = 0.03 and between loudness and THI was R=0.16 (P = 0.07). When we analyzed the pitch and VAS, R was ‐0.02 (P = 0.7) and between pitch and THI the R was 0.08 (P = 0.3).Conclusions:There are no significant associations between either the tinnitus pitch and loudness and the symptom's impact in the patient's quality of life.
Legal Culpability in Otology and Neurotology Litigation
Authors: Blake Danielle M. , Svider Peter F. , Carniol Eric T. , Mauro Andrew , Eloy Jean A. , Jyung Robert W. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:1) Analyze otologic and neurotologic procedural malpractice litigation in the United States of America. 2) Discuss ways to prevent future malpractice litigation.Methods:The study is a retrospective review of court records pertaining to otologic and neurotologic procedures using the Westlaw legal database conducted in October, 2012. The term “medical malpractice” was searched in combination with terms related to otology and neurotology obtained from the American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery website.Results:Of the 47 claims that met inclusion criteria, 63.8% were decided in the physician's favor, 25.5% were decided in the plaintiff's favor (average payment $446,697), and 10.6% were settled out of court (average payment $372,607). Cerumen removal was the most common procedure leading to complaint (21.3%) and the most likely procedure to lead to payment (50.0%). Hearing loss was the most common injury, (53.2%), and resulted in the highest proportion of cases that lead to payment (40.0%). Other common alleged injuries were facial nerve injury (27.7%), tympanic membrane perforation (23.4%), need for additional surgery (42.6%), and lack of informed consent (31.9%). In addition, cases resulting from acoustic neuroma or stapedectomy resulted in higher payments to the plaintiffs (average $3,498,597 and $2,733,000 respectively).Conclusions:Malpractice trials were resolved in the defendant's favor in the majority of cases. Cerumen removal was most common procedure leading to complaint and the procedure most likely to result in payment. Hearing loss was the most common injury cited. Payment was highest in acoustic neuroma and stapedectomy cases.
Long‐term Effects of a Single Intratympanic Gentamycin Injection on Ménière's Disease
Authors: Chung Won‐Ho , Byun Hayoung , Lee Nak‐Joon , Ryu Nam‐Gyu 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Intratympanic gentamycin (ITGM) injection is a useful treatment option in medically intractable Ménière's disease (MD). Single ITGM injection has been used to control vertigo with lower risk of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) than multiple injections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effects of single‐shot ITGM with regard to the vertigo control rate and incidence of SNHL.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of MD patients in Samsung Medical Center to screen those who were intractable to medical management and underwent a single ITGM procedure. All enrolled patients were followed up for more than 2 years. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by using the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium guidelines. Hearing was assessed by pure tone audiometry (PTA) results at 3 months after procedure and at the final visits.Results:Thirty‐five patients were enrolled for the analysis, among whom five patients (14.2%) were in stage 4, twenty‐eight (80%) were stage 3, and two (5.8%) were stage 2. In the long‐term results, vertigo attacks were controlled completely (class A) in 25 patients (71.4%), substantially (class B) in 7 cases (20%), and limitedly (class C) in 3 cases (8.6%). SNHL was observed in 3 patients (8.5%) at 3 months and 9 cases (25.8%) at long‐term follow‐up.Conclusions:Single‐shot ITGM therapy showed satisfactory vertigo control rate (91%) in long‐term follow up. SNHL was observed in 17% at short term visits, and had reached 25% in long term evaluation, probably due to disease progression.
Long‐term Outcomes of Tinnitus after Steroid Therapy in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Accompanied by Tinnitus
Authors: Kim Young‐Ho , Park Kyung‐Tae , Seok Joon‐Geol , Yi Yeo‐Jin , Kang Sung‐Il 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Investigate long‐term outcomes of tinnitus after steroid therapy in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) accompanied by tinnitus.Methods:Thirty‐four patients diagnosed with SSNHL with tinnitus were retrospectively included for this study. All patients underwent systemic steroid therapy and/or intratympanic steroid injection. Clinical and audiological findings, and assessment of tinnitus were performed before and after treatment of SSNHL. Assessment of hearing recovery after treatment was done with Kim's and Siegel's criteria.Results:The study group consisted of 17 male and 17 female patients. The ages of all patients ranged from 19 to 81 years (mean age 49.8 years) and the mean follow‐up period was 16.5 months. Eight patients (23.5%) had dizziness and medical treatment for tinnitus was done in all patients. Final hearing after treatment evaluated by the two criteria was that complete recovery was approximately 30% and no recovery approximately 40%. Patients showing the poor recovery of final hearing in both Kim's and Siegel's criteria revealed significantly poor global subjective tinnitus score (P <0.016 and P < 0.033, respectively). There was a high correlation between the grades of initial hearing in SSNHL and Kim's criteria (P < 0.029). However, there was no significant correlation between the grade of initial hearing in SSNHL and global subjective tinnitus score.Conclusions:Successful treatment of SSNHL may assure the favorable long‐term control of tinnitus.
Medio‐Lateral Myringoplasty versus Medial Myringoplasty: A Comparative Study
Authors: Gulia Joginder S. , Yadav Samar P. S. , Khaowas Ajoy K. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:One of the most important factors in the success of myringoplasty is the size of the perforation. The repair of subtotal and large central perforation is less likely to be successful compared with the repair of small perforations. Moreover anterior tympanic membrane is less vascular and the re‐peroration rates are higher in this part. Medio‐lateral myringoplasty offers an advantage in both of these situations and can be a viable alternative to conventional underlay myringoplasty.Methods:A prospective controlled study was undertaken from January 2008 to December 2010. Disease/ condition studied: Inactive (mucosal) chronic otitis media with large central, subtotal and anterior perforations. Subjects Forty cases of either sex in the age group of 18‐40 years. Setting: Pt. B.D.S Post graduate Institute Medical Sciences Rohtak, a tertiary care center. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of twenty each. Group A underwent medial myringoplasty and group B underwent medio‐lateral myringoplasty. The graft uptake rate and the preoperative and postoperative hearing thresholds in each group were analyzed. Independent variables: Size and location of the perforation, preoperative air bone gap and technique of myringoplasty used.Results:The overall graft uptake in group A was 80% as compared to graft uptake of 95% in group B. Further, the average postoperative gain in group A was 14 dB as compared to 17.5 dB of group B.Conclusions:Medio‐lateral myringoplasty is better than medial myringoplasty in subtotal and large central perforations.
Molecular Mechanism of Tinnitus from the Standpoint of Autophagy
Authors: Hayashi Ken , Goto Fumiyuki , Tsuchihashi Nana A. , Fujioka Masato , Kanzaki Sho , Ogawa Kaoru 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Recent studies described that the expression of BDNF was decreasing in patients with depression and severe tinnitus. However, the relationship between the incidence of tinnitus and the role of BDNF still remain unclear in auditory cells. The aim of this study is to consider the molecular mechanism of tinnitus from the standpoint of the autophagy‐based regulation of cell death and BDNF signaling pathway in auditory cells.Methods:We used auditory cell line HEI‐OC1 in this study. Tunicamycin was used as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The viability of HEI‐OC1 was determined by cell viability assays. Immunofluorescent confocal laser microscopy was used. Western blot was performed.Results:It was confirmed that autophagy was consistently induced in HEI‐OC1 after treatment of tunicamycin. The cell viability after treatment of tunicamycin was decreased in dose‐ and time‐dependent matter. The expression of BDNF which has the potential to become a biomarker of tinnitus and calcium‐dependent activator protein for secretion 2 (CAPS2), which promotes BDNF section, were decreased in tunicamycin treated HEI‐OC1 cells. The expression of Bcl‐2 which controls apoptosis and Beclin1 that regulates autophagy were decreased in tunicamycin treated HEI‐OC1 cells.Conclusions:We consider that Bcl‐2 and Beclin 1 serve as adapter proteins between BDNF signaling pathway and autophagy in auditory cells under ER stress. Our results led to the suggestion that the autophagy‐mediated regulation of cell death and BDNF signaling pathway play a major part of the incidence of tinnitus.
Motion of the Human Tympanic Membrane and Stapes Velocity after Placement of TORP with Cartilage Cover
Authors: Ulku Cagatay H. , Cheng Jeffrey T. , Merchant Saumil N. , Rosowski John J. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Investigate how prosthesis of different lengths affect tympanic membrane (TM) and footplate motion in a temporal bone model of tympanoplasty with Laser‐Doppler vibrometry (LDV) and opto‐electronic holography (OEH) measurements.Methods:Four human temporal bones without history of otologic disease were prepared using universal precautions. Preparation included removal of the bony external auditory canal to expose the majority of the TM surface, and canal wall‐up mastoidectomy with wide posterior tympanotomy. Retroreflective balls were placed on the posterior crus of the stapes. Control measurements were made in bones with intact ossicular chain, then the incus and the stapes suprastructure were removed with a KTP laser. The ossicular chain was reconstructed using a total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP). LDV measurements of the footplate motions, together with OEH measurements of TM surface and umbo motions, were made before and after placement of different length TORPs. The effect of different sizes of a cartilage disk interposed between the TM and the prosthesis was also investigated.Results:A ‘Best Fit’ TORP with a small cartilage disk gave the highest stapes velocities. Either TORP with a small disk produced larger OEH determined displacements of the whole TM surface, particularly at low frequency. In general, a smaller cartilage disk resulted in higher mobility of the TM and stapes.Conclusions:Preliminary results indicate reconstruction length and the size of the cartilaginous disk differentially affect the mobility of the TM and the stapes. However, there is significant variation in the acoustic response of similarly reconstructed ears, even in this relatively well‐controlled preparation.
A Novel Animal Model for Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforation
Authors: Archundia Enrique G. , Zárate García Rafael A. , Vargas Cynthia , Sanchez Eduardo 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:In order to assess and treat chronic tympanic membrane perforations it is necessary to have a reliable and reproducible animal model. After a literature review, different surgical techniques and rates of patency of tympanic membrane perforation were encountered. We report an inexpensive, readily available, and easy to create animal model.Methods:We performed an anatomic study of the guinea pig ear using endoscopic, computed tomography, and tympanometric measures. Bilateral microinstrumental endoscopic perforations were performed in 17 guinea pigs (34 ears). Three subjects served as controls using perforation without flaps in the anterior quadrants of the tympanic membrane. In 14 subjects, local microflaps combined with infolding technique and local application of glutaraldehyde in anterior quadrants were performed. Endoscopic follow up at 7, 14, 30 and 60 days was performed, and after that histological analysis was conducted.Results:All control subjects healed within 2 weeks. Of the 14 guinea pigs, patent perforations were achieved in almost all subjects. Our results are comparable with the studies reported by Amoils and Kaftan.Conclusions:Our procedure is a feasible method and may be useful in further investigations to assess and treat tympanic membrane perforations.
Outcome Measures for Middle Ear Cholesteatoma Treated with Mastoidectomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mor Niv , Finkel Dina , Hanson Matthew B. , Rosenfeld Richard M. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:The inconsistent measures used to report outcomes after mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma make it impossible for clinicians to compare results and apply them appropriately to patient care. We sought to identify commonly used outcome measures and assess their variability.Methods:We searched three independent databases for articles that reported outcomes of middle ear cholesteatoma treated with mastoidectomy. Using PRISMA protocol, articles were assessed for eligibility and data was extracted independently by two different investigators. Observational and randomized control trials from the past 30 years were included. Articles with less than 50 subjects and non‐surgical studies were excluded.Results:43 of 380 articles met criteria. The most commonly reported measurements were time to follow‐up, extent of disease, recurrent/residual disease, need for additional surgery, otorrhea, pre and post‐operative audio, tympanic membrane integrity and complications. The most varied outcome was time to follow‐up (14% up to 1 yr, 26% 1 yr ‐5 yrs, 33% 5 yrs ‐10 yrs, 26% greater than 10 yrs). 88% of studies reported on recurrent/residual disease; and only 12% presented results as a Kaplan‐Meier disease free curve. 58% of articles referred to the pre‐operative audio in their hearing outcomes. 79% of studies staged the extent of disease and 72% made mention of complications.Conclusions:Reported outcome measures were inconsistent amongst studies. The most varied outcome was time to follow‐up which made comparisons between studies unreliable. We plan on identifying the strength and limitations of each reported measure to establish best practices and optimize future reporting.
Performing Transcanal Tympanoplasty with Human Amniotic Membrane Allograft
Authors: Hsu Griffith S. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Determine if dehydrated human amniotic membrane (dHAM) can be successfully used in tympanoplasty.Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted on 14 patients in one year with a tympanic membrane perforation of >6 months’ duration who underwent type I tympanoplasty with a dHAM allograft. The subjects did not have active infection, mastoiditis, or previous attempted repair. All patients underwent pre‐operative audiologic testing and transcanal repair with an overlay technique. Operative time was recorded in each patient, as well as pre‐operative and post‐operative photographs. Patients were examined at 1‐, 3‐ and 6‐weeks post‐operatively, at which point audiograms were repeated. Success was measured using photomicrographs. Study outcomes included operative time, post‐operative pain assessment, graft success and audiologic improvement. Patients were also surveyed post‐operatively on their satisfaction of undergoing transcanal tympanoplasty with dHAM.Results:The mean operative time was 13.3 ± 0.10 minutes. Only one patient (7%) in the group reported having post‐operative pain one week after surgery. About 70% of patients had complete or partial success. The pre‐operative mean air‐bone gap was 23.0dB and the post‐operative mean air‐bone gap was 16.7dB. All patients (100%) were satisfied in undergoing transcanal tympanoplasty with dHAM.Conclusions:Transcanal tympanoplasty with dHAM is a time efficient alternative to traditional tympanoplasty with a high rate of surgical success and high patient satisfaction.
Physiological Significance of p62‐mediated Autophagy in Auditory Cells
Authors: Hayashi Ken , Goto Fumiyuki , Tsuchihashi Nana A. , Fujioka Masato , Kanzaki Sho , Ogawa Kaoru 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Elucidate how Keap1, Nrf2 and p62 provide molecular foundation for a possible crosstalk between autophagy and necrosis pathways in auditory cells.Methods:We used auditory cell line HEI‐OC1 in this study. The viability of HEI‐OC1 was determined by cell viability assays. The samples after treatment of HEI‐OC1 were analyzed by a flow cytometer. Immunofluorescent confocal laser microscopy was used. Western blot was performed. Morphological observation was performed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Transient GFP‐LC3 and p62 siRNA were transfected into HEI‐OC1 with electroporation.Results:HEI‐OC1 treated with H2O2 exhibited dose‐ and time‐dependent cell death. After treatment of H2O2, not apoptotic cell but necrotic cell was detected by a flow cytometer. H2O2 treatment resulted in time‐dependent accumulation of LC3‐II and the expression of GFP‐LC3 in HEI‐OC1 cells. Autophagosomes were confirmed under TEM in H2O2 treated‐HEI‐OC1. Immunostaining analysis demonstrated that the majority proportion of Nrf2 translocated into the nucleus in p62 KD HEI‐OC1 cells, while the majority proportion of Nrf2 disappeared from nucleus after treatment of H2O2 in p62 KD HEI‐OC1. The suppression of autophagy by p62 knockdown accelerated cell death in H2O2‐treated HEI‐OC1.Conclusions:Our results demonstrated that the intracellular clearance is decreased under oxidative stress due to the impairment of crosstalk of p62, Nrf2 and Keap1. This leads to the progression of auditory cell death. Taken together, a crosstalk between Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and the p62‐mediated autophagy play an important role in cell survival of auditory cells under oxidative stress.
Prevalence of Tinnitus and the Risk Factors in Korea
Authors: Cho Yang‐Sun , Park Kyoung Ho 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Evaluate the prevalence of tinnitus & its risk factors in Korea.Methods:We obtained data from the 2008 to the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES), which were cross‐sectional surveys of the civilian, non‐institutionalized population of South Korea (n =19,321). A field survey team that included an otolaryngologist, nurses, and interviewers moved with a mobile examination unit and performed interviews and physical examinations.Results:In this nationwide cross sectional study, the prevalence of subjective tinnitus was 19.6%. Women were more prevalent than men and the prevalence rate increased according to age. (P < 0.001) Among the subjective tinnitus group, about 28.7% participants experience annoying tinnitus that induces uncomfortable daily life. This annoying tinnitus increases with age, but no sexual difference. (P < 0.001) Otolaryngologic problems, such as hearing loss, tympanic membrane perforation and presence of rhinitis, past/current history of smoking, and stress were associated with subjective tinnitus in participants over 19 years old (P < 0.05). As for annoying tinnitus, hearing difficulty, depressive mood and stress were associated (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Overall prevalence of subjective tinnitus is 19.6% and annoying tinnitus is 6.4% in general populations. Considering the high prevalence of tinnitus and its close association with stress and depressive mood as well as known hearing loss, the results call for additional studies to better prevent and manage psychological problem and otolaryngologic diseases.
The Prognostic Factors of Intratympanic Steroid Treatment for Acute Tinnitus
Authors: Shim Hyun‐Joon , An Yong‐Hwi , Kang Hyun Woo , Yoon Sang Won 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:We report the better therapeutic efficacy of intratympanic dexamethasone injection (ITD) in patients with acute subjective tinnitus (AST) compared to alprazolam medication only. The present study aimed to determine the prognostic factors of ITD injection for AST.Methods:A total of 139 subjects who underwent treatment of ITD injection for AST from 2009 to 2012 were enrolled. The relationships between treatment outcomes and various clinical features or audiometric findings were analyzed retrospectively. Three months post‐treatment tinnitus questionnaires were completed in 90 patients. Audiologic response was defined as hearing threshold recovery greater than 15 dB in any frequency of the pure‐tone audiogram.Results:Tinnitus completely disappeared in 43 patients (cure rate = 30.9%). The mean duration of symptoms and initial tinnitus loudness score were significantly lower in the cure group than in other groups (P <.05). In the cure group, the number of patients with asymmetric hearing were larger than the number with symmetric hearing (P <.05). The mean improvement index of tinnitus was significantly higher in the unilateral tinnitus group than in the bilateral tinnitus group (P <.05). The audiologic response following ITD is more frequent in the patients with asymmetric hearing than in those with symmetric hearing (P <.05).Conclusions:Duration of symptoms and initial tinnitus loudness score might affect the cure rate of AST by ITD injection. Audiometric asymmetry and unilaterality of tinnitus are preferable factors of ITD treatment for AST.
Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy with Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Deaf Animal Model
Authors: Park Kyoung Ho 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:This study was performed to confirm the effect of transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB‐MSCs) on hearing restoration in deaf animal model.Methods:UCB was collected from pregnant women after obtaining consent, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were extracted. We established deaf animal model and transplanted UCB‐MSCs through the brachial vein of the guinea pigs. The animals were divided into 4 groups: animals with normal hearing, animals with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), animals with SNHL and injected with saline, and animals with SNHL and transplanted with UCB‐MSCs. Hearing tests were conducted at 1, 3, and 5 weeks, and the results were compared by grading auditory brainstem response (ABR) recordings and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) for each treatment. Lastly, cochlear pathological features were examined.Results:In SNHL group, decreased DPOAEs and increased ABR threshold were noted. And ABR hearing thresholds were unconverted and were similar to those observed in deafness. The transplanted UCB‐MSC group showed a significant improvement in hearing threshold (40 dB). Examination of the SNHL animals’ cochlear morphological features demonstrated a noticeable lack of spiral ganglion cells and also showed degenerated outer hair cells. However, the transplanted UCB‐MSCs showed an increase in spiral ganglion and hair cells.Conclusions:Intravenous transplantation of UCB‐MSCs can enhance hearing thresholds, and regenerate inner ear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs).