bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-Enabled Transformation of Scanning Superlens Microscopy Images into Scanning Electron Microscopy-like Large Depth-of-Field Images
Authors: SUN Hui , LUO Hao , Wang Feifei , CHEN Qingjiu , CHEN Meng , WANG Xiaoduo , YU Haibo , ZHANG Guanglie , Liu Lianqing , WANG Jianping , WU Dapeng , Li Wen Jung 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enables nanoscale imaging but requires vacuum environments and coating samples with conductive films. We present a deep learning approach to transform optical super-resolution (OSR) microscopy images into SEM-like images without these limitations. Our custom scanning superlens microscopy system acquires OSR images down to ~80 nm without coatings or vacuum. A generative adversarial network (GAN) model is trained on paired OSR and SEM images to learn the mapping between domains. The model is then used to transform previously unseen OSR test images. Quantitative analysis shows the reconstructed images achieve a mean peak signal-to-noise ratio 0.74 dB higher than the input OSR images. Qualitative assessment further demonstrates the model's ability to generate results with high structural detail. This technique overcomes key SEM constraints while preserving nanoscale resolution, promising wide applicability for challenges such as chip-level defect detection and biological sample analysis where coating or vacuum requirements pose obstacles.
Enhancing the percentage of success of semi-micrografting to propagate Citrus spp. free of Tristeza virus and Fusarium oxysporum-related diseases
Authors: Weerasinghe P. D. , Basnayake B. M. V. S. , Dassanayake E. M. , Aluthge D. R. P. , Gunasekara D. M. K. W. D. , Gunawardena M. A. N. A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) is the primary vitamin-C source in our diet. It is rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, which are vital to disease prevention. Widely grown worldwide, lime is valued for its medicinal and economic benefits. Grafting is the most used method for propagating citrus, as seed propagation results in diverse cultivars. However, one drawback of grafting is the potential transmission of diseases. To address this, an in-vitro micrografting technique was developed to prevent disease transmission during plant propagation. However, this technique requires modification due to its high cost, demand for skilled labour, and long propagation time. This study introduced a cost-effective, labour-efficient, and timesaving modified semi-micrografting technique. Various treatments were evaluated based on graft success percentage, and the results were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference tests. The results revealed that the combination of \(10 \text{m}\text{g}{\text{L}}^{-1} \text{g}\text{i}\text{b}\text{b}\text{e}\text{r}\text{a}\text{l}\text{i}\text{c} \text{a}\text{c}\text{i}\text{d}\), \(10 \text{m}\text{g}{\text{L}}^{-1} \text{2,4}-\text{d}\text{i}\text{c}\text{h}\text{l}\text{o}\text{r}\text{o}\text{p}\text{h}\text{e}\text{n}\text{o}\text{x}\text{y}\text{a}\text{c}\text{e}\text{t}\text{i}\text{c} \text{a}\text{c}\text{i}\text{d}\), \(500 \text{m}\text{g}{\text{L}}^{-1} \text{a}\text{s}\text{c}\text{o}\text{r}\text{b}\text{i}\text{c} \text{a}\text{c}\text{i}\text{d}\), 50 mM calcium chloride and 30 µL of Ceylon cinnamon leaf oil was the best treatment, as it had the highest grafting success rate (62.22 ± 5.091%) compared to the other treatments. The present study proved that combining 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellic acid, ascorbic acid, calcium chloride, and Ceylon cinnamon leaf oils improved the semi-micrografting technique and success of grafting. Grafted plants were tested using polymerase chain reaction and found free of Citrus tristeza virus and Fusarium oxysporum-related diseases. The present modified semi-micrografting technique has demonstrated that disease-free citrus plants can be produced with a relatively high success rate and at a low-cost.
The Hepatitis B virus large envelope protein initiates virion assembly by recruiting pre-assembled capsids at membrane rich domains related to late endosome
Authors: Seigneuret Florian , Eymieux Sébastien , Sarabia-Vega Vanessa , Lemoine Roxane , Burlaud-Gaillard Julien , Raynal Pierre , Hourioux Christophe , Sureau Camille , Roingeard Philippe , de Rocquigny Hugues 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

A crucial step of HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) virion morphogenesis is the envelopment of the nucleocapsid by the viral envelope proteins, which is triggered by an interaction between the HBV core protein and the large HBV envelope protein. To document this interaction, we co-expressed core and large HBV envelope (LHBs) in Huh-7 cells and subjected the cells to microscopy examination by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Our results show that the sole expression of the core protein leads to assembly of capsids that remain individually isolated within the whole cell, but particularly within the nucleus. In the presence of LHBs, capsids were observed as large clusters in a membrane rich region peripheral to the nucleus. In this context, core-LHBs complex co-localize with markers of the late endosome/multivesicular bodies, this co-localization being driven by LHBs. These results thus show that LHBs binds to the core proteins when preassembled into capsid, at membranes of the late endosome, where the inner capsid and the outer envelope meet to assemble a virion.
Medical Educator Teaching Habits: Origins, Decisions, and Strategies - A Phenomenological Inquiry (METHODS-PI)
Authors: Moen Joshua , Shuck Chloe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In recent decades, medical education has been grappling with two significant challenges: the increasing prevalence of burnout among learners at all levels and the concerning trend of industry bias, low-quality evidence, and expert-based opinion driving clinical practice guidelines. To address these issues, a critical evaluation of the medical education and training system is necessary. Utilizing the Socioecological Model (SEM) as a framework, this study employed a phenomenological approach to investigate the methods, habits, decisions, origins, and strategies of medical educators. The aim was to identify the core guiding principles that shape the ecosystem of medical education and training.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with medical educators, and thematic analysis revealed three common themes. First, the irreplaceability of physician educators, found at the heart of the medical education training system, was a central theme. Second, all interviewed educators expressed a desire to enhance the educational environment, drawing upon their current and past training experiences to inform their teaching methods. Tacit knowledge gained from personal experience, years of clinical practice, peer relationships, and mentors played a significant role in shaping their teaching principles. Third, while the goal of improving the educational environment was universal, educators with more formal pedagogical training advocated for more drastic changes and system overhaul, while those without formal training focused on making improvements within the existing framework.
The reliance of most physician educators on past experience as a guide for education highlights the sociocultural reproduction and pedagogical inertia prevalent in the 21st-century medical education and training system. Integrating tacit knowledge with formal pedagogy has the potential to impact each level of the hierarchy within the SEM of medical education. By operating beyond the confines of the current system, educators can foster innovation, growth, and critiques that may help alleviate burnout and provide learners with opportunities to challenge current evidence-based practices. This study emphasizes the need for a critical evaluation of the pedagogical theories at the center of the medical education system.
Precisely Correcting SMN Deficiency Pathways in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Using an Off-Amyloid Stabilizer
Authors: Wang I-Fan , Ting Chen-Hung , Tsai Li-Kai , Chang Hsiang-Yu , Lai Hsing-Jung , Liou Gunn-Guang , Chen Chien-Lin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

While therapies like Spinraza, Zolgensma, and Evrysdi focus on increasing SMN1 protein levels to treat spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), their effectiveness is limited and highly dependent on early intervention. This indicates that merely augmenting SMN levels may not adequately reverse the permanent pathological effects stemming from SMN1 deficiency. Our research indicates that SMA is a protein conformational disorder rather than solely a splicing disease. We found that the SMN protein contains prion-like domains located in exon 2 and exons 6-7. Due to the absence of exon 7, the SMNΔ7 variant displays reduced prion-like activity. This deficit hampers gemins and RNPs formation and leading to persistent misfolded TDP-43 and PFN1 proteins despite treatment with Spinraza and Evrysdi. Remarkably, treatment with baicalein, a prion-like folding stabilizer, enabled SMNΔ7 to form a prion-like structure, restored the assembly of gemins and RNPs, effectively cleared toxic aggregated TDP-43 proteins and alleviated symptoms in SMA models.
The Protective Role of Cognitive Reserve in Mediating Depressive Symptomatology in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Biasi Madia M. , Taurisano Paolo , Manni Alessia , Mangialardi Vincenzo , Gasparre Daphne , Iaffaldano Pietro , Caputo Francesca , Iaffaldano Antonio , Paolicelli Damiano 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) in Multiple Sclerosis is between 40 and 65 percent in MS patients, affecting domains like memory, attention, slowed information processing speed, and language. High levels of depression, anxiety, and fatigue have also been shown to exacerbate cognitive symptoms. However, some studies revealed that greater Cognitive Reserve (CR), protects against cognitive decline in PwMS.Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of CR on the link depression-cognitive functions in a cohort of Italian PwMS.
Methods
187 PwMS (W = 130; mean age = 42.0 years; SD = 12.5), from the Bari University Hospital, underwent testing for semantic fluency (Word List Generation [WLG]), sustained attention and working memory (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test [PASAT]), Cognitive Reserve level (Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire [CRIq]), and depressive symptomatology (Beck’s Depression Inventory [BDI];).
Results
Statistically significant correlations emerged between WLG and CRIq, PASAT and CRIq, WLG and BDI, PASAT and BDI. GLM mediation analyses revealed that the direct effects of depression on PASAT and WLG scores were not statistically significant (p > .05). In contrast, the indirect impact (BDI → CR → PASAT and BDI → CR → WLG) was significant (z=-2.29, p < 0.05; z=-2.49; p < 0.05.
Conclusion
These results suggest that CR mediates the relationship between depressive symptomatology and information processing speed and sustained attention, and between depressive symptomatology and verbal fluency. The evidence indicates that CR benefits MS patients by alleviating cognitive and depressive symptoms, thereby improving their quality of life.
Comparative mitochondrial genomics unveils the phylogenetic relationships of lepidopteran moths
Authors: Liang Xinyue , Zhang Lei , Li Zaiyuan , Xiao Yutao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Moths constitute the largest group within Lepidoptera and play a crucial role in natural ecosystems. However, the current high-level classification system of Lepidopteran insects necessitates systematic research supported by comprehensive data.
Results
In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genomes of 80 lepidopteran moth species, spanning 68 genera across 13 families. Through a synthesis of published data, we conducted a comparative analysis encompassing 211 moth species from 12 superfamilies. Our analysis unveiled a mitochondrial genome length range of 15,027 to 17,049 bp, with an AT content varying between 77.02% and 83.52%. While gene composition and arrangement were largely conserved, we observed tRNA rearrangement (trnS1-trnE inversion) in Zygaenidae and Gelechiidae families. Phylogenetic analyses highlighted the monophyly of 9 superfamilies, with exceptions for Tineoidea, Pyraloidea, and Drepanoidea. Divergence time estimations suggest an origin of the 12 Lepidopteran superfamilies in the mid-Cretaceous period, approximately 122.27 million years ago (95% CI: 102.43-153.23 Mya). Furthermore, we propose reclassifications to refine the taxonomic status of certain families. This includes reclassifying Gracillariidae and Thyrididae as independent from the Tineoidea and Pyraloidea superfamilies, respectively, and relocating the family Epicopeiidae to the Geometroidea superfamily from Drepanoidea.
Conclusion
We performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes from 211 moth species. Using various tree-building methods and datasets, we reconstructed the higher-level phylogeny of moths across 12 superfamilies of Lepidoptera and further proposed taxonomic revisions for several groups. Our study significantly enriches the molecular dataset for moth systematics and offers new insights into the evolutionary history and phylogeny of Lepidoptera.
Potential of Cave Sediments as a Proxy for Tropical Cyclone and Storm Activity
Authors: Polk Jason , Van Beynen Philip 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cave sediments show promise as a proxy for the reconstruction of paleo-storm activity. Here, we present a study of allochthonous sediments from two different caves located in west-central Florida that exhibit high variability in sediment layer thickness and are characterized by mostly alternating organic matter/sand couplets. Both sediment records are well constrained chronologically by 210Pb for Vandal Cave in Citrus County and by 14C for Jennings Cave in Marion County, with ∼50 and 2,700 years of deposition, respectively. Consequently, the Vandal Cave sediments were used to determine whether historic tropical storms produced changes in stratigraphy. The three thickest layers in Vandal Cave correspond with high-precipitation events between 325 and 500 mm. There are similar sedimentary layers found in Jennings Cave, but the upper sediments representing 50 years of deposition are unfortunately highly compacted due to human traffic in the cave. Episodes of intense deposition were noted, specifically from 1,560 to 1,580 years B.P., when 15 cm of sediment was deposited in eight sand layers, indicating a recurrence interval of ∼2.5 years for major storms. Results from this study suggest cave sediments in certain geographic settings may serve as accurate proxies for storm activity.
Economic Exclusion and Forgotten Floodplains on Karst Terrain
Authors: Burgess Sarah A. , Florea Lee J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Flood risk models in karst landscapes often use methods that do not capture the complex linkages between surface water and groundwater flow. Therefore, published maps for access to the National Flood Insurance Program may exclude those who experience regular inundation. Using simple geographic information system–based inundation models, we demonstrated how one town in Indiana, Orleans, in the classic karst landscape of the Lost River watershed, has been systematically excluded from flood insurance risk maps because Federal Emergency Management Agency–produced models do not consider the town to be prone to floods, despite well-documented evidence to the contrary. Our simple models connect missing elements to the National Hydrography Dataset and show that published flood insurance rate maps significantly under-predict the possible scope of floods in this watershed. Recently proposed highway infrastructure included alternatives that would have bisected the Lost River watershed and could have potentially increased flooding concerns. Unless comprehensive studies detail the actual risk of floods as (1) part of the natural landscape response in karst, (2) a natural consequence of more extreme events as climate changes, and (3) a consequence of impaired flow routes possible from road construction, towns such as Orleans may experience amplified economic exclusion.
Topographic Controls on the Duration of Sinkhole Flooding in Central Tennessee, USA
Authors: Abolins Mark , Ogden Albert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Daily 3-m cell size Dove multispectral satellite images were used to estimate the duration of flooding in topographic depressions in the approximately 12-km2 Shores Road focus area, central Tennessee. Flooding happened after rainfall events February 4–6 and 10–12, 2020. The filling and draining of 60 topographic depressions (mostly sinkholes) were observed by visually inspecting images for eight dates. The average duration of inundation was approximately 15 days, and all depressions were dry 30 days after the end of the first event. Satellite observations were consistent with ground-based water elevation measurements in three sinkholes and eight wells. Depression volume, elevation, and depth were estimated with a 0.76-m cell size LiDAR 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) digital terrain model (DTM). Long-duration (21 or more days) inundation was statistically more likely in larger-volume, lower-elevation, and deeper depressions at the p &lt; 0.01 level. When combined in a probit model, these three factors accurately sorted 80 percent of depressions into long-duration and short-duration categories, and the accurately classified depressions accounted for approximately 95 percent of depression volume. Duration of inundation was not related (p &gt; 0.05) to percentage of depression covered by slow-permeability soils, as determined from the Soil Survey Geographic Database. This study shows how to use repeat Dove satellite imagery and a LiDAR 3DEP DTM to assess how multiple topographic factors contribute to the duration of inundation in sinkholes.
Possible Role of Internal Erosion in the Development of Ground Fissures around Lake Ziway, Ethiopia
Authors: Admassu Yonathan , Gugsa Trufat 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ground fissures are linear or curvilinear cracks that are common in the Main Ethiopian Rift, which is part of the East African Rift System. They are a unique type of geohazard affecting roads and railway in many parts of the rift valley. The vicinity of Lake Ziway is underlain by lacustrine, pyroclastic, and/or volcaniclastic sediments that are cut by numerous ground fissures, which run for 2–3 km with up to 1–3-m-wide openings. Plausible causes of ground fissure events, as described in previous studies, include extensional movement due to active rift tectonics, hydro-compaction, and piping. However, the exact mechanism of their evolution is poorly understood. Based on field observations and sediment characterization, we propose a strong case for the role played by internal erosion or piping of pumice deposits in the development of ground fissures. Internal erosion causes the formation of subsurface conduits, which grow in size and eventually collapse, forming ground fissures. Typical sediment-erosion–related geomorphologic features such as disappearing streams, sinkholes, blind gullies, and piping mounds have been observed. These features indicate the presence of a network of pipes that connect the groundwater with surface water in a manner very similar to karst hydrology. Pumice deposits in the study area are found to be the most susceptible to internal erosion leading to ground fissuring due to their bimodal grain size distribution and ultralow density (average specific gravity = 0.6).
Pedagogical Axiology in Social Thought of Józef Tischner (1931-2000)
Authors: Dąbrowski Szymon 
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to social thought present in the philosophical and pedagogical concept by Józef Tischner. The following analysis focuses first on presenting the basic theses contained in the philosophy of drama, which are the foundation for the original concept of religious education. It is primarly about the theory of goodness, hope, and freedom in the order of philosophical and religious thought. The following text reconstructs the author's basic theses. However, it is also an attempt to research the educational potential, with particular emphasis on social issues, especially in the era of challenges faced by democratic societies in the 21st century.
A Review on Nanomaterial-based Point-of-Care Devices: Emphasis on Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Chokkareddy Rajasekhar , Bathinapatla Ayyappa , Azeez Aseena , Kanchi Suvardhan , redhi Gan G 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The subject of medical and biological research using nanotechnology,
which blends nanoscience with biology and biomedicine, is currently gaining a lot of attention. Nanomaterials
come in a wide range of sizes, shapes, and compositions and are widely used in various
applications. Their stimulating potentials mainly enhance our capacity to identify naturally occurring
processes.

Methods:
Moreover, point-of-care (POC) methods offer quick and easy medication analysis at home,
in a physician's office, or anywhere else. The pregnancy test and the blood glucose test are the two
most well-known examples. From a more global standpoint, they offer the enticing prospect of saving
lives from incurable illnesses: their rapid, sometimes instantaneous data significantly minimize
analysis times, and their more economical variants make them accessible to healthcare facilities,
individuals worldwide, and even in developing countries. Determining biomarkers in disease
analysis, such as enzymes, proteins, circulating tumor cells, tiny compounds, and DNA/RNA in biological
examples, including full serum, blood, saliva, plasma, fluid, cerebral spinal, and urine, may
also be included in applications.

Results:
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary cause of death. Finding cardiac
biomarkers is crucial for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. By
giving vital information about a patient's cardiac health, these indications help doctors make the best
decisions and give the best care. The efficiency, promptness, and patient-centeredness of cardiac
treatment are significantly enhanced by POC methods for cardiac biomarker identification, which
improves patient outcomes and healthcare delivery. For this reason, the primary emphasis of this
investigation was on POC instruments and sensors that are now available commercially and have
been published within the previous five years for the assessment of cardiac biomarkers. We discuss
the POC devices that have been developed recently using a variety of cutting-edge technologies,
sophisticated materials, and analytical methods.

Conclusion:
The current study also includes an overview of several companies and the products they
sell for cardiac function monitoring and rapid, precise heart failure diagnosis. Ultimately, important
conclusions are reached about POC devices for medical applications, namely for CVDs. The global
market values and potential directions for POC device development are also taken into consideration.