bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volunteering and well‐being: is pleasure‐based rather than pressure‐based prosocial motivation that which is related to positive effects?
Authors: Vecina María L. , Fernando Chacón 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article seeks to establish whether prosocial motivation in a sample of 251 volunteers is based on pleasure and not on pressure, which is related to the states of general well‐being (hedonic and eudaimonic measures) and the various states of well‐being specifically associated with volunteerism (volunteer satisfaction, volunteer engagement, and study enjoyment), all of this irrespective of the age of the volunteers. An analysis of partial correlations and linear regression leads to the conclusion that volunteerism undertaken as a non‐obligatory, planned helping activity, sustained over time and within an organizational context, is not always associated with positive effects in terms of well‐being. It seems that these positive effects are related to pleasure‐based prosocial motivation.
Post‐purchase disadvantages of a less preferred brand and how they can be overcome: an examination of regret and attribution
Authors: Chu Wujin , Song Mee Ryoung , Choi Beomjoon 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis research examines the post‐purchase experience after choosing the most preferred brand versus a less preferred brand. When they experience positive product outcomes, those who chose their most preferred brand tend to give credit to the brand, whereas those who chose a less preferred brand attribute it to their smart choice. In contrast, with negative outcomes, those with the most preferred brand place the blame on themselves, whereas those with a less preferred brand blame the brand. Nevertheless, a silver lining emerges when brand attribution and satisfaction increase to the level of the most preferred brand after two consecutive positive experiences with a less preferred brand. Repeated positive experience could turn people's attention to more on good product quality of a less preferred brand than on cheaper price.
Time pressure and the endowment effect
Authors: Chuang Shih‐Chieh 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis research examines how time pressure influences bidding behavior in experiment auctions. The studies reported herein investigate how time pressure systematically impacts individual trading of an endowed object by looking at the disparity between buying and selling prices for that object. Study 1 tests whether the effect of time pressure eliminates the disparity between selling and buying prices. In Study 2, transaction demand is employed to see whether sellers and buyers are more sensitive to changes in the item (amount of work). In Study 3, sellers and buyers access information of differing valence in the task. In Study 4, the framing of the reference price is manipulated to moderate the endowment effect. These studies indicate that under time pressure, endowment bias is reduced and, more generally, elucidate the role of trading behavior in decision making.
Contrasts in the large herbivore faunas of the southern continents in the late Pleistocene and the ecological implications for human origins
Authors: Owen‐Smith Norman 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimAfrica is renowned for the current abundance and diversity of its large mammals. The aim of this study was to assess distinctions evident in the functional composition of continental large herbivore faunas during the late Pleistocene before extinctions depleted the megafauna outside Africa.LocationThe African large herbivore fauna was compared with that formerly inhabiting South America, Australia, North America, Eurasia and tropical Asia during the late Pleistocene.MethodsPleistocene faunas were reconstructed from the literature in terms of their relative body size composition, grazer/browser contributions and taxonomic representations, omitting forest and island species.ResultsAlthough the three southern continents were closely similar in the overall species richness of large herbivores that they supported during the late Pleistocene, South America had a predominance of very large herbivores, while most of Australia's mammalian herbivores were relatively small and those of Africa were intermediate. Africa had many more grazers, especially in the size range 100–1000 kg, than other continents. The South American pattern resembled that in North America and Eurasia, while Africa and Australia diverged in different ways.Main conclusionsNeither the total extent of savannas in each continent nor the morphological features enabling bovid radiation seemed adequate on their own to explain the greater richness of macrograzers in Africa. Africa is characterized by the widespread occurrence of arid/eutrophic savannas, which are unrepresented in other continents. The prevalence of savanna is partly attributable to the high elevation of interior eastern and southern Africa, associated with relatively low rainfall, and to the comparatively high soil fertility, related to volcanic influences. This promoted an abundance and diversity of medium‐sized grazing ruminants unrivalled elsewhere. Indigenous grasses in South America and Australia are less well adapted to withstand severe grazing than the African grasses introduced to support livestock. The locally high abundance of African ungulates presented conditions that facilitated the adaptive transition by early hominins from plant‐gatherers to meat‐scavengers.
Spatio‐temporal distribution of sedimentary Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in relation to climate
Authors: Nevalainen Liisa , Luoto Tomi P. , Kultti Seija , Sarmaja‐Korjonen Kaarina 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimSpatial and temporal variations in the composition of freshwater invertebrate assemblages may be useful indicators of past climate change and help us to predict species responses to future climate change. The objective of this study was to understand the relationship between climate variables and fossil Cladocera assemblages in lake sediments along a contemporary climate gradient from hemiboreal to subarctic ecoregions in Finland and throughout the Holocene climate succession.LocationSeventy‐three small shallow lakes across a climate gradient from hemiboreal (60° N) to subarctic (70° N) Finland and a case study lake, Lake Arapisto, in south boreal Finland.MethodsFossil cladoceran assemblages were analysed from the surface sediments of 73 lakes to investigate their association with climate, using ordination techniques (detrended correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis) and generalized linear modelling (GLM). The long‐term variation of the abundance of specific climate‐sensitive cladoceran species was then analysed in a sediment core from a boreal lake and compared with a chironomid‐based Holocene temperature reconstruction from an adjacent lake.ResultsMean July air temperature was identified as a significant variable in explaining species distribution across the spatial climate gradient. This result, together with GLMs that recognized several climate‐sensitive species, indicates that certain cladoceran taxa may be useful indicators of climate. For example, the planktonic Bosmina longirostris and the phytophilous Graptoleberis testudinaria were more abundant in the warm southern lakes, in contrast to the benthic Alona affinis and Alona intermedia, which were typical for the cold northern lakes. The surface‐sediment inferences were supported by the core analysis from Lake Arapisto, because species associated with cold lakes increased in abundance during the cold early Holocene, and species associated with warm lakes thrived during the Holocene Thermal Maximum and Anthropocene.Main conclusionsThe spatio‐temporal distribution of Cladocera is regulated by regional climate, and therefore the species–climate relationships in space and time can be used to interpret past, present and future distributional patterns under a changing climate.
Sexual selection on brain size in shorebirds (Charadriiformes)
Authors: García‐Peña G. E. , Sol D. , Iwaniuk A. N. , Székely T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNatural selection is considered a major force shaping brain size evolution in vertebrates, whereas the influence of sexual selection remains controversial. On one hand, sexual selection could promote brain enlargement by enhancing cognitive skills needed to compete for mates. On the other hand, sexual selection could favour brain size reduction due to trade‐offs between investing in brain tissue and in sexually selected traits. These opposed predictions are mirrored in contradictory relationships between sexual selection proxies and brain size relative to body size. Here, we report a phylogenetic comparative analysis that highlights potential flaws in interpreting relative brain size‐mating system associations as effects of sexual selection on brain size in shorebirds (Charadriiformes), a taxonomic group with an outstanding diversity in breeding systems. Considering many ecological effects, relative brain size was not significantly correlated with testis size. In polyandrous species, however, relative brain sizes of males and females were smaller than in monogamous species, and females had smaller brain size than males. Although these findings are consistent with sexual selection reducing brain size, they could also be due to females deserting parental care, which is a common feature of polyandrous species. Furthermore, our analyses suggested that body size evolved faster than brain size, and thus the evolution of body size may be confounding the effect of the mating system on relative brain size. The brain size‐mating system association in shorebirds is thus not only due to sexual selection on brain size but rather, to body size evolution and other multiple simultaneous effects.
The spatial rotator
Authors: RASMUSSON A. , HAHN U. , LARSEN J.O. , GUNDERSEN H.J.G. , JENSEN E.B. VEDEL , NYENGAARD J.R. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThis paper presents a new local volume estimator, the spatial rotator, which is based on measurements on a virtual 3D probe, using computer assisted microscopy. The basic design of the probe builds upon the rotator principle which requires only a few manual intersection markings, thus making the spatial rotator fast to use. Since a 3D probe is involved, it is expected that the spatial rotator will be more efficient than the the nucleator and the planar rotator, which are based on measurements in a single plane. An extensive simulation study shows that the spatial rotator may be more efficient than the traditional local volume estimators. Furthermore, the spatial rotator can be seen as a further development of the Cavalieri estimator, which does not require randomization of sectioning or viewing direction. The tissue may thus be sectioned in any arbitrary direction, making it easy to identify the specific tissue region under study. In order to use the spatial rotator in practice, however, it is necessary to be able to identify intersection points between cell boundaries and test rays in a series of parallel focal planes, also at the peripheral parts of the cell boundaries. In cases where over‐ and underprojection phenomena are not negligible, they should therefore be corrected for if the spatial rotator is to be applied. If such a correction is not possible, it is needed to avoid these phenomena by using microscopy with increased resolution in the focal plane.
RhoA, RhoB and RhoC have different roles in cancer cell migration
Authors: RIDLEY A.J. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryRho GTPases are well known to regulate cell motility through activation of a variety of downstream effector proteins, including enzymes, adaptor proteins and actin nucleators. The three closely related Rho GTPases RhoA, RhoB and RhoC all have the potential to interact with the same downstream effectors, yet they have substantially different effects on cell shape and migratory properties. Here I review the different ways in which RhoA, RhoB and RhoC expression is regulated in cancer and how they play distinct roles in cancer progression. I describe their main effectors known to contribute to cell motility. Recent results from our laboratory and others indicate that RhoA, RhoB and RhoC can be activated by specific stimuli and act through different effectors to control distinct aspects of cancer cell migration and invasion. This suggests that they each make unique contributions to cancer by participating in different protein complexes.
Oxyacetylene torch testing and microstructural characterization of tantalum carbide
Authors: PAUL A. , BINNER J.G.P. , VAIDHYANATHAN B. , HEATON A.C.J. , BROWN P.M. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryTantalum carbide samples have been subjected to high‐temperature testing at ∼2300°C using an oxyacetylene torch to evaluate their potential for ultra‐high temperature applications. While large samples cracked during the rapid heating, indicating their inability to withstand thermal shock, small samples survived the severe test conditions. The oxidation products formed were characterized and found to comprise different phases of Ta2O5. The ultra‐high temperature experienced by the samples resulted in the formation of many interesting microstructures, including the formation of submicron sized grains, which has not been reported previously in the literature, as well as the expected evidence of melting.
The estimated mechanical advantage of the prosimian ankle joint musculature, and implications for locomotor adaptation
Authors: Goto Ryosuke , Kumakura Hiroo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this study we compared the power arm lengths and mechanical advantages attributed to 12 lower leg muscles across three prosimian species. The origins and insertions of the lower leg muscles in Garnett's galago, the ring‐tailed lemur, and the slow loris were quantified and correlated with positional behaviour. The ankle joint of the galago has a speed‐oriented mechanical system, in contrast to that of the slow loris, which exhibits more power‐oriented mechanics. The lemur ankle joint exhibited intermediate power arm lengths and an intermediate mechanical advantage relative to the other primates. This result suggests that the mechanical differences in the ankle between the galago and the lemur, taxa that exhibit similar locomotory repertoires, reflect a difference in the kinematics and kinetics of leaping (i.e. generalised vs. specialised leapers). In contrast to leaping primates, lorises have developed a more power‐oriented mechanical system as a foot adaptation for positional behaviours such as bridging or cantilevering in their arboreal habitat.
‘The path through the unknown’: the experience of being a relative of a dementia‐suffering spouse or parent
Authors: Madsen Rikke , Birkelund Regner 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo examine the experiences of relatives of a spouse or parent who suffers from dementia and examines whether there are similarities or differences between these experiences.BackgroundDementia is an increasing illness in the world. Dementia affects not only the person with dementia but also the relatives. There is a lack of knowledge about the experience of being a relative to a dementia‐suffering person.Design and methodsTwenty‐one stories from relatives were included in this study, and these stories were analysed by employing Kirsti Malterud's method ‘systematic text condensation’. The relatives were divided into four groups: sons, husbands, daughters and wives.ResultsEight themes were identified in their stories, two in each of the four groups. From these eight themes, it was identified that they all experienced change, grief and negative personal sentiments. However, differences were also found, one of them being that the sons found it easier to adapt to new roles during the course of the illness, while the daughters found it more difficult. The husbands experienced being attacked by the people around them, while the wives were found to submit their dementia‐suffering husbands to physical abuse. The wives also suffered from self‐criticism.ConclusionsThe similarities between the four groups are more significant than the differences. Sons, husbands, daughters and wives of a person suffering from dementia should be considered on an equal basis in terms of their experiences of grief, change and personal negative sentiments.Relevance to clinical practiceRelatives play a significant role in the well‐being of their parent or spouse suffering from dementia. Therefore, professionals need to focus on both relatives and patient when they meet a person with dementia in clinical practice.
The provision of emotional support to the families of traumatic brain injury patients: perspectives of finnish nurses
Authors: Coco Kirsi , Tossavainen Kerttu , Jääskeläinen Juha E , Turunen Hannele 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo examine nursing staff's perceptions about how often they provide interventions of emotional support and the level of competence needed on neurosurgical wards to support traumatic brain injury patients' family members.BackgroundTraumatic brain injury in one individual affects the health of their whole family. Studying the emotional support provided by nursing staff is important because such support is crucial for the family members of a traumatic brain injury patient during the acute phase of treatment. Members of the nursing staff provide emotional support to family members by consoling them; this alleviates insecurity, anxiety, hopelessness and depression.DesignA structured self‐reported questionnaire presented to 172 nurses working on neurosurgical wards. The response rate was 67% (n = 115).MethodsDescriptive statistics were used to determine how often nurses provided emotional support to the traumatic brain injury patients family members and one‐way anova to examine the relationships between the background variables and the respondents' evaluations of how often they gave emotional support to brain injury patients' family members.ResultsThirty‐seven percentage of nurses stated that they always took account of family members' individuality and 65% that they were always respectful. All registered nurses and staff members with long work experience (21 years or more) on a neurosurgical ward reported that they took family members' feelings of anger and guilt into consideration slightly more often than other nursing staff did. Most nurses considered these skills to represent basic competencies.ConclusionFurther service training on dealing with difficult emotions of traumatic brain injury patients' family members could help nurses to face these situations. Both education and work experience affected the frequency at which nursing staff provided emotional support to traumatic brain injury patients' family members.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results are relevant for example when planning specialised studies or in‐service training for neuro‐nurses, as well as when selecting the subjects to be addressed during the orientation of a new staff member. In addition, the results should help nursing staff to understand their role in the emotional support of family members.
Precautionary allergen labelling following new labelling practice in Australia
Authors: Zurzolo Giovanni A , Mathai Michael L , Koplin Jennifer J , Allen Katrina J 
Published: March 2013

AimsWe aimed to assess the prevalence and types of precautionary labelling statements for common food allergens on the packages of products for which these allergens were not listed as an ingredient and to investigate the uptake of the Voluntary Incidental Trace Allergen Labelling, a new risk management tool developed in Australia to assist with declaring the possible presence of allergens in food products by manufacturers. We also aimed to examine changes in the prevalence of precautionary labelling for egg, peanuts and tree nuts over a 3‐year period.MethodsAll packaged processed goods in a large supermarket in Melbourne, Australia, were examined for precautionary labelling between May and July 2011.ResultsIn total, 1355 products were investigated. Overall, 882 products (65%) had a precautionary statement for one or more allergens. The most common allergens listed on precautionary statements were tree nuts (36.2%) and peanuts (34.1%), followed by sesame (27.5%) and egg (22.6%). Of those that had precautionary statements, ‘May contain traces of …’ was the most common type of precautionary label used on 392 products (29.0%). This was followed by ‘May be present’ on 172 products (12.7%).ConclusionsThe use of precautionary labelling for peanut, tree nuts and egg remained high. The uptake of the Voluntary Incidental Trace Allergen Labelling ‘May be present’ statement was low in comparison with other precautionary statements, but there has been an increase since 2009.
Forming and Dissolving Partnerships in Cooperative Game Situations
Authors: PLATZ TRINE TORNØE , ØSTERDAL LARS PETER 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA group of players in a cooperative game are partners (e.g., as in the form of a union or a joint ownership) if the prospects for cooperation are restricted such that cooperation with players outside the partnership requires the accept of all the partners. The formation of such partnerships through binding agreements may change the game implying that players could have incentives to manipulate a game by forming or dissolving partnerships. The present paper seeks to explore the existence of allocation rules that are immune to this type of manipulation. An allocation rule that distributes the worth of the grand coalition among players is called partnership formation‐proof if it ensures that it is never jointly profitable for any group of players to form a partnership and partnership dissolution‐proof if no group can ever profit from dissolving a partnership. The paper provides results on the existence of such allocation rules for general classes of games as well as more specific results concerning well‐known allocation rules.
Social Inefficiency of Free Entry with Status Effects
Authors: WOO WAI CHIU 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFree markets may support too many or too few firms. Traditional analysis does not provide unambiguous conclusion in this respect. This paper introduces status effects of consumption into the model. It shows that a sufficiently significant status effect tends to support too many firms. Two conditions are required for this result. First, complementary effect between status and consumption is not significant. Second, a higher average status consumption level makes everyone more difficult to get the same degree of gain in status. Both conditions appear to be realistic.
Intergenerational Complementarities in Education, Endogenous Public Policy, and the Relation Between Growth and Volatility
Authors: PALIVOS THEODORE , VARVARIGOS DIMITRIOS 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe construct an overlapping generations model in which parents vote on the tax rate that determines publicly provided education and offspring choose their effort in learning activities. The technology governing the accumulation of human capital allows these decisions to be strategic complements. In the presence of coordination failure, indeterminacy and, possibly, growth volatility emerge. This indeterminacy can be eliminated by an institutional mechanism that commits to a minimum level of public education provision. Given that, in the latter case, the economy moves along a uniquely determined balanced growth path, we argue that such structural differences can account for the negative correlation between volatility and growth.