bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of atypia in pancreatic and bile duct brushings: Follow‐Up analysis of the categories atypical and suspicious for malignancy
Authors: Chadwick Barbara E. , Layfield Lester J. , Witt Benjamin L. , Schmidt Robert L. , Cox R. N. Kristin , Adler Douglas G. 
Published: October 2013

Brushing cytology is frequently utilized for the investigation of pancreatic and biliary strictures but is associated with low diagnostic sensitivity. The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology has presented a system for diagnostic classification which includes the categories benign, atypical, suspicious for malignancy and malignant.We studied a series of 216 pancreatic and biliary brushings with either histologic follow‐up or a minimum of 6 months clinical follow‐up to determine outcomes for the diagnostic categories (“benign,” “atypical, favor reactive,” “atypical, not otherwise specified,” “atypical, suspicious” and “malignant”).Eighty‐six of the 216 (39.8%) were designated “atypical” with 10 of these designated as “atypical favor reactive.” Forty‐five were called “atypical not otherwise specified” and 31 were interpreted as “atypical suspicious for malignancy.” On follow‐up, 2 of 10 (20%) “atypical favor reactive” were eventually associated with a malignant diagnosis and 23 of 31 (74.2%) “atypical, suspicious for malignancy” demonstrated a malignant outcome. The remaining 45 brushings in the “atypical” category were “atypical not otherwise specified,” and 62% of these were associated with malignancy on follow‐up.Stratification of the “atypical” category into “atypical favor reactive,” “atypical, not otherwise specified” and “atypical, suspicious for malignancy” improves diagnostic accuracy. The “atypical suspicious for malignancy” category has a follow‐up similar to the “malignant” category while the “atypical favor reactive” category is associated with a clinical outcome similar to that of the “benign” category. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:285–291. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of p53 in imprint smears of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Konstantinos Kosmas , Marios Stamoulas , Anna Marouga , Nikolaos Kavantzas , Efstratios Patsouris , Paulina Athanassiadou 
Published: October 2013

The aims of this study were to determine the expression of p53 protein in endometrial adenocarcinomas (as a potential prognostic indicator before treatment) as well as normal endometrium in imprint smears and to correlate the results with clinicopathologic parameters of primary untreated endometrial cancer patients. Two hundred fifty five patients were evaluated with endometrial imprint cytology during a 29‐month period. Endometrial samples freshly resected from women who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy were studied. One hundred twenty six patients had endometrial carcinoma and 129 cases were diagnosed as normal endometrium. The expression of p53 was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Positive staining was correlated with increased surgical‐pathological stage, histological grade and lymph node metastases. High expression of p53 staining was significantly more frequent in histological type II than type I endometrial adenocarcinoma. High‐grade endometrial carcinoma had higher proportions and stronger intensity compared with low‐grade carcinoma. Negative immunostain for p53 protein was found in proliferative, secretory, and atrophic endometrium.Immunocytochemical findings from p53 stain, in addition to cytomorphologic features, appeared to be useful in the diagnosis and in the postoperative prognosis of endometrial carcinoma in endometrial cytology, especially if combined with other markers. High p53 expression correlates with morphologic features of aggressiveness and the expression pattern of p53 correspond to the expected cyclic/atrophic pattern in normal endometrium. Diagn. Cytopathol 2014;42:416–422. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytologic features in vitreous preparations of patients with suspicion of intraocular lymphoma
Authors: Rodriguez Erika F. , Sepah Yasir J. , Jang Hyun Soo , Ibrahim Mohamed , Nguyen Quan Dong , Rodriguez Fausto J. 
Published: October 2013

Intraocular lymphoma may occur, primarily with or without overt parenchymal CNS lymphoma or secondarily from a variety of other lymphomas. The diagnosis is frequently based on cytologic features and/or a limited panel of ancillary techniques.Twenty‐seven cytology samples from the vitreous preparations of 20 patients with clinical suspicion or histopathologic diagnoses of lymphoma were retrospectively reviewed (2007–2011).Floaters and decreased visual acuity were the most common ocular symptoms. Sixteen (of 20) patients had at least one cytology that was “positive” or “suspicious” for lymphoma (F = 10; M = 6, median age = 71 years, range = 52–82). Involvement was limited to the eye in half of the cases (n = 8). Seven patients had CNS involvement, and three had systemic lymphoma. Cytologic specimens were classified as large B cell lymphoma (LBCL) (n = 13), suspicious for LBCL (n = 5), atypical/negative (n = 5), and consistent with NK‐T cell lymphoma (n = 1). Three cytologic samples were acellular. Cytologic findings included increased cellularity (high n = 7, moderate n = 7), large to medium (n = 19) cell size, marked nuclear irregularities (n = 12), frequent apoptosis (n = 7), lymphoglandular bodies (n = 12), and necrosis (n = 12). Easily identifiable mitotic figures were present in two cases. CD20 immunocytochemistry performed in 15 cases with available cell blocks/destained cytospins preparations, was confirmatory in 8 cases.Cytologic evaluation of intraocular lymphoma is possible in vitreous specimens. Extraocular involvement was not present in half of the cases. The most useful cytologic features include increased cellularity, necrosis, and nuclear enlargement. Ancillary immunocytochemical studies are useful and support the morphologic impression in a subset of cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:37–44. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Known unknowns in an imperfect world: incorporating uncertainty in recruitment estimates using multi‐event capture–recapture models
Authors: Desprez Marine , McMahon Clive R. , Hindell Mark A. , Harcourt Robert , Gimenez Olivier 
Published: October 2013

AbstractStudying the demography of wild animals remains challenging as several of the critical parts of their life history may be difficult to observe in the field. In particular, determining with certainty when an individual breeds for the first time is not always obvious. This can be problematic because uncertainty about the transition from a prebreeder to a breeder state – recruitment – leads to uncertainty in vital rate estimates and in turn in population projection models. To avoid this issue, the common practice is to discard imperfect data from the analyses. However, this practice can generate a bias in vital rate estimates if uncertainty is related to a specific component of the population and reduces the sample size of the dataset and consequently the statistical power to detect effects of biological interest. Here, we compared the demographic parameters assessed from a standard multistate capture–recapture approach to the estimates obtained from the newly developed multi‐event framework that specifically accounts for uncertainty in state assessment. Using a comprehensive longitudinal dataset on southern elephant seals, we demonstrated that the multi‐event model enabled us to use all the data collected (6639 capture–recapture histories vs. 4179 with the multistate model) by accounting for uncertainty in breeding states, thereby increasing the precision and accuracy of the demographic parameter estimates. The multi‐event model allowed us to incorporate imperfect data into demographic analyses. The gain in precision obtained has important implications in the conservation and management of species because limiting uncertainty around vital rates will permit predicting population viability with greater accuracy.
Furo[2,3‐c]pyrans from a Vinyl Sulfone Modified Methyl 2,6‐O‐Anhydro‐α‐D‐hexopyranoside: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Manna Chinmoy , Sahu Debashis , Ganguly Bishwajit , Pathak Tanmaya 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA vinyl sulfone modified bicyclic sugar molecule undergoes efficient Michael addition of hetero‐ and carbon nucleophiles to afford single diastereomers. The same molecule consisting of two other masked functional groups, namely an aldehyde and an oxocarbonium ion, turned out to be a unique synthetic intermediate. The adducts generated from this Michael acceptor and a series of β‐dicarbonyl compounds and related reagents after acid treatment afforded a new class of furo[2,3‐c]pyrans, forming up to three new bonds and three stereocenters. In‐built chirality centers of the sugar derivative controlled the diastereoselectivity of formation of all new bonds without the requirement for any external reagent for asymmetric induction. DFT calculations revealed the formation of furopyrans as the only possible products, which corroborates the experimentally observed results.
Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 2‐Aminonaphtho[2,3‐b]furan‐4,9‐diones from 2‐Hydroxy‐1,4‐Naphthoquinone and Nitroalkenes
Authors: Zanwar Manoj R. , Kavala Veerababurao , Gawande Sachin D. , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Chen Mei‐Ling , He Chiu‐Hui , Yao Ching‐Fa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe efficient base‐catalyzed synthesis of 3‐substituted 2‐aminonaphtho[2,3‐b]furan‐4,9‐dione derivatives from readily available precursors such as 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and nitroalkenes under aqueous conditions is described. Interesting features of this methodology are the conversion of a nitro functionality into an amino functionality in the absence of a reducing agent and the development of a three component reaction for accessing the same product from an aldehyde, 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and nitromethane.
A new matrix dissipation model for central scheme
Authors: Su Xinrong , Yamamoto Satoru 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, a simple and efficient improvement to the famous Swanson–Turkel matrix dissipation model for the central scheme is proposed. In the new matrix dissipation model, the accuracy is improved by eliminating the second‐difference dissipation added to the characteristic fields representing the vorticity waves. This strategy is proposed based on analyzing the flow‐physics about shock‐vortex interaction using the Rankine–Hugoniot jump condition. In this paper, the behavior of central scheme for rotational flow is also theoretically and numerically analyzed. Results show a newfound problem of the original scalar and matrix dissipation models, in which for rotational flow excessive second‐difference dissipation is added due to the pressure‐based shock sensor. With current new matrix dissipation model improved accuracy is obtained at minimal cost overhead, especially, in the highly vortical region where the second‐difference dissipation is reduced. At the same time, it preserves the excellent shock capturing capability and convergence speed of original method. Numerical properties of this new matrix dissipation model are validated with a series of numerical experiments and results comparison with original model verifies improved performance of current method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Robust Method for Genome‐Wide Association Meta‐Analysis With the Application to Circulating Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I Concentrations
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhou Baiyu , Guo Tingwei , Bidlingmaier Martin , Wallaschofski Henri , Teumer Alexander , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Kaplan Robert C. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) offer an excellent opportunity to identify the genetic variants underlying complex human diseases. Successful utilization of this approach requires a large sample size to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with subtle effects. Meta‐analysis is a cost‐efficient means to achieve large sample size by combining data from multiple independent GWAS; however, results from studies performed on different populations can be variable due to various reasons, including varied linkage equilibrium structures as well as gene‐gene and gene‐environment interactions. Nevertheless, one should expect effects of the SNP are more similar between similar populations than those between populations with quite different genetic and environmental backgrounds. Prior information on populations of GWAS is often not considered in current meta‐analysis methods, rendering such analyses less optimal for the detecting association. This article describes a test that improves meta‐analysis to incorporate variable heterogeneity among populations. The proposed method is remarkably simple in computation and hence can be performed in a rapid fashion in the setting of GWAS. Simulation results demonstrate the validity and higher power of the proposed method over conventional methods in the presence of heterogeneity. As a demonstration, we applied the test to real GWAS data to identify SNPs associated with circulating insulin‐like growth factor I concentrations.
Clinicopathologic predictors of recurrence and overall survival in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: A single institutional experience at a tertiary care center
Authors: Marcinow Anna , Ozer Enver , Teknos Theodoros , Wei Lai , Hurtuk Agnes , Old Matthew , Agrawal Amit , Carrau Ricardo , Iwenofu Obiajulu H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine factors that impact recurrence and long‐term survival of head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 87 patients with head and neck ACC who were evaluated between 1992 and 2009. Staining for Ki‐67, p53, α‐estrogen receptor (αER), and progesterone receptor (PR) was performed.ResultsForty men (46%) and 47 women (54%) were included in this study. Median follow‐up for patients was 98 months. Five‐year recurrence‐free and overall survival (OS) rates were 56% and 81%, respectively. Ki‐67 and p53 expression was observed in 5 (6%) and 2 (2%) patients, respectively. αER and PR were all negative. The most important determinants of disease‐free survival (DFS) were perineural invasion (PNI; p = .001) and female sex (p = .027). Disease site (major vs minor salivary gland) was the only predictor of worse OS on multivariate analysis.ConclusionPerineural invasion, female sex, and disease site were the most consistent predictors of poor outcome in head and neck ACC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1705–1711, 2014
Time trends in T3 to T4 laryngeal cancer: A population‐based long‐term analysis
Authors: Reizenstein Johan A. , Holmberg Lars , Bergqvist Michael , Linder Arne , Ekman Simon , Lödén Britta , Holmqvist Marit , Hellström Karin , von Beckerath Mattias , Blomquist Erik , Bergström Stefan N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundA decline in laryngectomies and survival in laryngeal cancer has been reported, especially among patients with advanced tumors.MethodsOf 1058 patients with laryngeal cancer diagnosed from 1978 to 2007 in the Uppsala–Örebro region in Sweden, 263 T3 to T4 tumors treated with curative intent were studied retrospectively. Two time periods were defined, 1978 to 1992 and 1993 to 2007.ResultsGlottic tumors decreased constituting 68.6% of cases in 1978 to 1992 and 47.9% in 1993 to 2007. Laryngectomies were performed in 38.8% and 34.5% in the corresponding time periods. The use of laryngectomy was not strongly prognostic. A decline in overall survival (OS) over time could only be identified for the first year of follow‐up. Chemotherapy was only used in a minority of cases.ConclusionThe marked decrease of glottic site may mark a shift in etiology. Laryngectomy was not strongly associated with improved survival. The absence of improved survival calls for intensified research. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1727–1731, 2014
Effects of subcutaneous pasireotide on cardiac repolarization in healthy volunteers: A single‐center, phase I, randomized, four‐way crossover study
Authors: Breitschaft Astrid , Hu Ke , Darstein Christelle , Ligueros‐Saylan Monica , Jordaan Pierre , Song Dongweon , Hudson Michelle , Shah Rashmi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of subcutaneous pasireotide on cardiac repolarization in healthy volunteers. Healthy volunteers were randomized to one of four treatment sequences (n = 112) involving four successive treatments in different order: pasireotide 600 µg (therapeutic dose) or 1,950 µg (maximum tolerated dose) bid by subcutaneous injection (sc), placebo injection and oral moxifloxacin. Maximum ΔΔQTcI occurred 2 hours post‐dose for both doses of pasireotide. Mean ΔΔQTcI was 13.2 milliseconds (90% CI: 11.4, 15.0) and 16.1 milliseconds (90% CI: 14.3, 17.9) for the 600 and 1,950 µg bid doses, respectively. Maximal placebo‐subtracted change in QTcI from baseline for moxifloxacin was 11.1 (90% CI: 9.3, 12.9) milliseconds. Both pasireotide doses caused a reduction in heart rate: maximal heart rate change compared with placebo occurred at 1 hour for pasireotide 600 µg bid and at 0.5 hours for pasireotide 1,950 µg bid, with heart rate reductions of 10.4 and 14.9 bpm, respectively. At the therapeutic dose of 600 µg, pasireotide has a modest QT‐prolonging effect. The relatively small increase of ∼3 milliseconds in ΔΔQTcI in the presence of a 3.25‐fold increase in dose suggests a relatively flat dose–effect relationship of pasireotide on ΔΔQTcI in healthy volunteers. No safety concerns for pasireotide were identified during the study.
Percutaneous lovastatin accelerates bone healing but is associated with periosseous soft tissue inflammation in a canine tibial osteotomy model
Authors: Bleedorn Jason A. , Sullivan Ruth , Lu Yan , Nemke Brett , Kalscheur Vicki , Markel Mark D. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTExperimental studies have shown the ability of statins to stimulate bone formation when delivered locally or in large oral doses, however most have been studied in rodents. This anabolic effect is through the selective activation of BMP‐2. Our purpose was to determine the effects of local treatment with lovastatin on bone healing in mammals as a preclinical animal model. We administered lovastatin (6 mg/kg) by percutaneous injection to a canine tibial osteotomy stabilized with external fixation. We found that lovastatin improved bone healing after a single injection into the fracture site assessed by serial radiography and histology at bone union. However, lovastatin treatment resulted in adverse local soft tissue inflammation. These results suggest that percutaneous lovastatin injection may be a useful adjuvant treatment over the course of bone healing to augment fracture repair, although further investigation into the mechanism of soft tissue adverse effects is warranted. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:210–216, 2014.
Bioaccumulation of mineral elements in grapevine varieties cultivated in “La Mancha”
Authors: Amorós José Angel , Pérez‐de‐los Reyes Caridad , García Navarro Francisco Jesús , Bravo Sandra , Chacón Juan Luís , Martínez Jesús , Jiménez Ballesta Raimundo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe capacity of a plant to take up chemical elements is measured as the ratio of the element concentration in the plant and its concentration in the soil. This ratio is called the bioaccumulation index (BAC). The choice of rootstock and variety can differentially affect nutrient uptake of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Generally, only slight differences can be observed in the accumulation of N, P, and Zn. In contrast, wide variations are found in the absorption of K, Ca, Mg, and Cl. While studies on plant nutrients and major elements have been carried out in vineyards, very few references concern the trace‐element concentrations in leaves. In the study described here, five varieties (Airén, Cencibel, Garnacha, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Chardonnay) grown on a Calcisol Petric or Typic Calcixerept (typical of La Mancha) were compared in terms of leaf trace‐element concentrations. A total of three samples (20 healthy and completely developed leaves from the middle part of the shoot) were collected from three different plants of the same variety. Leaves were dried, milled, and x‐ray fluorescence analysis was performed. It was found that the variety of grapevine influences the uptake of four of the major elements: Al (low in Garnacha, [0.4 ± 0.2] g kg–1), Ca (high in Cencibel, [32.6 ± 8.1] g kg–1), P (low in Airén, [0.9 ± 0.4] g kg–1) and K, which showed significant differences in almost all of the varieties (from [4.7 ± 1.8] g kg–1 in Cencibel to [8.0 ± 10.1] g kg–1 in Chardonnay). No statistically significant varietal differences were found for trace elements. The only exception was La, which was present at higher levels in the variety Cencibel ([7.5 ± 0.3] mg kg–1). This finding allows to assess the geochemical fingerprinting of calcareous soils regardless of the grapevine variety studied.
Cadmium‐induced changes in glutathione and phenolics of Thlaspi and Noccaea species differing in Cd accumulation
Authors: Llugany Mercè , Tolrà Roser , Martín Sandra Raquel , Poschenrieder Charlotte , Barceló Juan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGlutathione (GSH) and phenolics play an important role in plant defense against metal‐ion toxicity. The antioxidant activity and metal‐binding capacity of these compounds can account for the protective effects. In contrast to animal‐cell models, however, the possible interplay among these substances in stress defense of plants is poorly investigated. This study compares the influence of cadmium (Cd) on the profiles of both soluble phenolics and GSH in shoots of different Thlaspi and Noccaea species: two ecotypes of the nonhyperaccumulator T. arvense differing in Cd resistance (ecotype Aigues Vives, Cd‐sensitive, and ecotype Jena, Cd‐resistant) and two Cd‐tolerant Cd‐Zn hyperaccumulators N. praecox and N. caerulescens (formerly Thlaspi praecox and T. caerulescens). To reveal the possible influence of Cd‐induced sulfur (S) shortage on the stress response, plants receiving normal S concentrations (500 μM MgSO4) and plants treated with surplus S (500 μM MgSO4 + 500 μM K2SO4) were analyzed. Our working hypothesis was that species differences in tolerance to high tissue Cd concentrations should be reflected by differences in endogenous levels of GSH and phenolic compounds. The results reveal clear species‐dependent differences in both the constitutive patterns and the Cd‐ and S‐induced changes in shoot concentrations of GSH and phenolics. However, no simple relationship between these shoot concentrations and Cd accumulation and tolerance can be established.