bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a tightly regulated copper‐inducible transient gene expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana incorporating a suicide exon and Cre recombinase
Authors: Chiang Bing‐Jen , Lin Kuan‐Yu , Chen Yi‐Feng , Huang Ching‐Yi , Goh Foong‐Jing , Huang Lo‐Ting , Chen Li‐Hung , Wu Chih‐Hang 
Published: July 2024

Summary

Chemical‐inducible gene expression systems are commonly used to regulate gene expression for functional genomics in various plant species. However, a convenient system that can tightly regulate transgene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana is still lacking.

In this study, we developed a tightly regulated copper‐inducible system that can control transgene expression and conduct cell death assays in N. benthamiana. We tested several chemical‐inducible systems using Agrobacterium‐mediated transient expression and found that the copper‐inducible system exhibited the least concerns regarding leakiness in N. benthamiana. Although the copper‐inducible system can control the expression of some tested reporters, it is not sufficiently tight to regulate certain tested hypersensitive cell death responses. Using the MoClo‐based synthetic biology approach, we incorporated the suicide exon HyP5SM/OsL5 and Cre/LoxP as additional regulatory elements to enhance the tightness of the regulation.

This new design allowed us to tightly control the hypersensitive cell death induced by several tested leucine‐rich repeat‐containing proteins and their matching avirulence factors, and it can be easily applied to regulate the expression of other transgenes in transient expression assays.

Our findings offer new approaches for both fundamental and translational studies in plant functional genomics.
Gut microbiota mediates the anti‐inflammatory effects of supplemental infrared irradiation in mice
Authors: Wang Shijing , Chen Letian , Ma Zheng , Zhao Liting , Lu Yueying , Fu Yuming , Liu Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, studies have shown that low‐dose supplemental infrared (IR) irradiation exhibits systemic anti‐inflammatory effects. The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a potential mediator of these effects due to its role in regulating host metabolism and inflammatory responses. To investigate the role of gut microbiota diversity and metabolite changes in the mechanism of light‐emitting diodes (LED) infrared's anti‐inflammatory action, we conducted IR irradiation on mice. Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA, and fecal samples were subjected to metagenomic, untargeted, and targeted metabolomic analyses. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 in the IR group, accompanied by a declining trend in pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Gut microbiome analysis revealed distinct alterations in composition and functional genes between the groups, including the enrichment of beneficial bacteria like various species of Parabacteroides and Akkermansia muciniphila in the IR group. Notably, the IR group exhibited enrichment in carbohydrate metabolism pathways and a reduction in DNA damage and repair pathways. Furthermore, targeted metabolomic analysis highlighted a notable increase in short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyric acid and isobutyric acid, which positively correlated with the abundance of several beneficial bacteria. These findings suggest a potential interplay between gut microbiota‐derived SCFAs and the anti‐inflammatory response. In conclusion, our study provides comprehensive insights into the changes in gut microbiota species and functions associated with IR irradiation. Moreover, we emphasize the significance of altered SCFAs levels in the IR group, which may contribute to the observed anti‐inflammatory effects. Our findings contribute valuable evidence supporting the role of low‐dose infrared light irradiation as an anti‐inflammatory therapy.
Expression of the alfalfa gene MsMDHAR in Arabidopsis thaliana increases water stress tolerance
Authors: Jaime Camila , Dezar Carlos , Pagán Israel , Dunger German 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ascorbate‐glutathione pathway plays an essential role in the physiology of vascular plants, particularly in their response to environmental stresses. This pathway is responsible for regulating the cellular redox state, which is critical for maintaining cell function and survival under adverse conditions. To study the involvement of the alfalfa monodehydroascorbate reductase (MsMDHAR) in water stress processes, Arabidopsis thaliana plants constitutively expressing the sequence encoding MsMDHAR were developed. Transgenic events with low and high MsMDHAR expression and ascorbate levels were selected for further analysis of drought and waterlogging tolerance. Under water stress, Arabidopsis transgenic plants generated higher biomass, produced more seeds, and had larger roots than wild type ones. This higher tolerance was associated with increased production of waxes and chlorophyll a at the basal level, greater stomatal opening and stability in regulating the relative water content and reduced H2O2 accumulation under stress conditions in transgenic plants. Overall, these results show that MsMDHAR is involved in plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. The data presented here also emphasises the potential of the MsMDHAR enzyme as a plant breeding tool to improve water stress tolerance.
Unwanted Family Planning Including Unwanted Sterilization: Preliminary Prevalence Estimates for India
Authors: Karra Mahesh , Canning David 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEstimates of unwanted family planning (UFP), which are based on a desire to have a child in the next nine months among current contraceptive users, exclude women who are sterilized since these women are not asked about their fertility preferences; all sterilized women are assumed to have a “met need” for family planning. However, the India National Family Health Survey asks sterilized women if they regret being sterilized and whether they were told that the operation would result in their permanent inability to have children. We extend the concept of UFP by classifying sterilized women who express regret or who were not informed about the procedure's permanence, as having UFP. When limiting our analysis of UFP to nonsterilized contraceptive users, we find that 0.9 percent of Indian women had UFP in 2019–2021. In this period, 29.9 percent of Indian women were sterilized. We estimate that 4.9 percent of sterilized women express regret and 16.3 percent were not told of the procedure's permanence. Adding sterilized women who express regret raises our UFP estimate in India to 2.3 percent, while also including sterilized women who were not told about the procedure's permanence yields an overall UFP estimate of 6.9 percent in India.
Improved readability in written neurodevelopmental reports by five writing rules
Authors: Bejnö Hampus , Sonning Alexandra , Backman Anna , Klintwall Lars 
Published: July 2024

The purpose of a neuropsychological assessment is to describe a child's difficulties and strengths to enable treatments and contextual adjustments. Typically, the assessment is summarized in the form of a written clinical report. However, such texts have been criticized for being too difficult for parents and teachers to read and comprehend. The purpose of this pre‐registered and randomized controlled study was to evaluate five writing rules to improve readability and accessibility in clinical reports: to structure the text with functional domains, exemplify cognitive tasks with examples from daily life, use examples from the daily life of the child, avoid jargon, and to write shorter sentences. We created two separate reports based on the same assessment information of a hypothetical child: one “standard” report, and one where the five writing rules were applied. One hundred teacher students at a teacher education program were randomized to read one of the reports, and then rated readability and answered a comprehension quiz. Results showed that the five writing rules led to improved ratings of readability, and helped readers recall more information immediately afterward. Effects were medium to large. Future studies need to investigate whether the findings generalize to parents and other potential readers. Additionally, future work should address how psychologists can be taught to improve their writing through writing guidelines.Clinical trial registration: https://aspredicted.org/ac96p.pdf.
Identification of novel biomarkers for childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus using machine learning algorithms and immune infiltration analysis
Authors: Deng Yao , Sun Yanting 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is often more severe than adult‐onset SLE and is challenging to diagnose due to its variable presentation and lack of specific diagnostic tests.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for cSLE by analyzing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using machine learning algorithms.MethodsIn this study, we utilized the Gene Expression Omnibus database to investigate the DEGs between cSLE and normal samples, conducting a functional enrichment analysis on DEGs. Subsequently, we employed machine learning algorithms, including Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression and Support Vector Machine‐Recursive Feature Elimination, to identify hub DEGs, which serve as crucial biomarkers. We delved into the role of these hub DEGs in the pathogenesis of the disease and the correlation between these hub DEGs and immune infiltration by comprehensive immune infiltration analysis using the CIBERSORT algorithm.ResultsWe identified 110 DEGs in cSLE, including 95 upregulated and 15 downregulated genes. Functional annotation revealed that these DEGs were involved in immune response processes, viral defense mechanisms, and regulation of interferon responses. Machine learning algorithms identified CCR1 and SAMD9L as hub DEGs, which were validated in multiple datasets and demonstrated high diagnostic value for cSLE. Mechanistic exploration suggested that CCR1 and SAMD9L are involved in immune response modulation, particularly in interferon signaling and the innate immune system. Assessment of immune cell infiltration revealed significant differences in immune cell composition between cSLE patients and healthy controls, with cSLE patients exhibiting a higher proportion of neutrophils. Moreover, CCR1 and SAMD9L expression levels showed positive correlations with neutrophil infiltration and other immune cell types.ConclusionCCR1 and SAMD9L were identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers for cSLE using machine learning and were validated in multiple datasets. These findings provide novel insights into the biological underpinnings of cSLE.
Geography of voter turnout in Slovak local elections (1994–2018): The effects of size and contagion on local electoral participation
Authors: Maškarinec Pavel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe main goal of this article is to analyze spatial disparities in local electoral participation in Slovakia between 1994 and 2018 on a very detailed spatial structure of all (almost 3000) municipalities. To achieve this goal, methods of global and local spatial autocorrelation and spatial regression are used. Municipality‐level analysis, then, provides three main results. First, cartographic presentations provide spatial evidence of highly stable patterns of electoral participation in Slovak municipalities. In the long term, there was no substantial inter‐electoral change in the clustering of voter turnout in the different municipalities, except for an overall significant decline in the homogeneity of the clusters with low or high electoral turnout. Second, while there was some positive spatial autocorrelation of turnout between a concrete municipality and its surroundings, suggesting the existence of a contagion effect, this effect was not too strong and quickly waned with growing distance. Third, as especially the local elections in 2018 suggested that local political environment has its own dynamics that are increasingly independent of municipality size, a more detailed analysis of the local political context combining both quantitative and qualitative techniques should be a priority in the future.
Long‐lasting residual efficacy of Actellic®300CS and Icon®10CS on different surfaces against Anopheles stephensi, an invasive malaria vector
Authors: Nikpour Fatemeh , Vatandoost Hassan , Hanafi‐Bojd Ahmad Ali , Raeisi Ahmad , Mirolyaie Abdolreza , Mojahedi Abdol‐rasol , Yaryan Masoud , Banar Ahad , Kaveh Farzad , Abbasi Madineh , Farmani Mostafa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnopheles stephensi, a malaria‐transmitting mosquito species, has developed resistance to various insecticides such as DDT, Dieldrin, Malathion, and synthetic pyrethroids. To combat this issue, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests using Actellic®300CS and Icon®10CS for Indoor Residual Spraying to tackle pyrethroid‐resistant mosquitoes. The aim of this research project was to evaluate the susceptibility of An. stephensi to certain insecticides at the diagnostic concentration + intensity 5x diagnostic concentration (5XDC) assays in Iran and to study the lasting effectiveness of Actellic®300CS and Icon®10CS against this particular malaria vector.MethodsThis study assessed the susceptibility of An. stephensi populations in southern Iran to various insecticides, including deltamethrin 0.05%, DDT 4%, malathion 5%, bendiocarb 0.1%, a synergist assay with PBO 4% combined with deltamethrin 0.05%, and an intensity assay using 5x the diagnostic concentration of deltamethrin (0.25%) and bendiocarb 0.5%. Laboratory cone bioassay tests were conducted to determine the residual effectiveness of Actellic®300 and Icon®10CS insecticides on different surfaces commonly found in households, such as cement, mud, plaster, and wood. The tests were carried out following the WHO test kits and standard testing protocols.ResultsThe An. stephensi populations in Bandar Abbas were found to be susceptible to malathion 5% and deltamethrin 0.25% (5XDC), but exhibited resistance to DDT, standard concentration of deltamethrin, and both standard and intensity concentrations of bendiocarb. In laboratory cone bioassay tests, An. stephensi mortality rates when exposed to Actellic®300CS and Icon®10CS on different surfaces remained consistently more than 80%. Actellic®300CS achieved more than 80% mortality on all substrates for the entire 300‐day post‐spraying period. Conversely, Icon®10CS maintained mortality rates more than 80% on plaster and wood surfaces for 165 days and on mud and cement surfaces for 270 days post‐spraying. Both Actellic®300CS and Icon®10CS demonstrated 100% mortality within 72 h of each test on all surfaces throughout the entire 300‐day post‐spraying period.ConclusionThe study shows the varying levels of resistance of An. stephensi Bandar Abbas population to different insecticides and demonstrates the consistent performance of Actellic®300CS in controlling these mosquitoes on various surfaces. The findings suggest that long‐lasting CS formulations may be more effective for malaria vector control compared to the current options. Further research is needed to validate these findings in field settings and assess the impact of these insecticides on malaria transmission.
Relationship between English proficiency and socioeconomic status in Asia: Quantitative cross‐national analysis
Authors: Terasawa Takunori 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between English language proficiency and socioeconomic status (ELP–SES relationship) through a quantitative cross‐national analysis of 30 jurisdictions in Asia. It aims to uncover the degrees and patterns of the ELP–SES relationship by analysing AsiaBarometer surveys conducted in the mid‐2000s. Specifically, it assesses how English proficiency correlates with seven demographic and SES factors: generation, gender, education, occupational status (employment status and job categories), economic status, and residential location. Through cross‐tabulation and hierarchical cluster analyses, it was found that although a clear and close connection between English proficiency and SES exists in most parts of Asia, the extent and pattern of this connection significantly vary across jurisdictions. The most pronounced correlations, or English divides, were observed in former British and American territories and in less developed countries, while Central Asia and Japan showed relatively smaller correlations. Additionally, the degree and pattern observed did not always align with previous findings from case studies.
ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY OF ERO DAM FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSE
Authors: Omofunmi Olorunwa Eric , Fasiku Folasade Atinuade , Ogunleye Kayode Samuel 
Published: July 2024

The physicochemical parameters of surface water surface of Ero Dam for irrigation were assessed. Water samples were selected from three locations (upstream, downstream and control). Tested parameters for water samples are pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), carbonate (C03-), bicarbonate (HC03-), boron (B), sulphate (S042-), nitrate (NO3-N) and phosphate (PO4-P). The samples were determined in accordance with the American Public Health Association standards. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Evaluation of surface water quality of Ero Dam was carried out using different irrigation indices methods such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), sodium percentage (Na %), potential salinity (PS), The Soluble sodium percentageÂ (SSP), Kelly ratio (KR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) and permeability index (PI) and compared with standard limits. The findings indicated that the concentrations of the Ca2+,Â Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, C03-, HC03-, B, S042-, NO3-N and PO4-P were within the acceptance limits for irrigation purposes except K+ that above the limits specified. Results indicated that majority, 87.5% of irrigation indices fall under excellent or suitable and classified as salinity (C1) and SAR (S1) which was known as (CISI). Hence, there are none degree of restriction in the application Ero Dam water quality for irrigation. Therefore, the results were concluded, that the study area surface water quality was suitable for irrigation.
Parabolic isometries of the fine curve graph of the torus
Authors: Guihéneuf Pierre‐Antoine , Militon Emmanuel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, we finish the classification of actions of torus homeomorphisms on the fine curve graph initiated by Bowden, Hensel, Mann, Militon, and Webb. This is made by proving that if , then acts elliptically on if and only if has bounded deviations in some direction . The proof involves some kind of slow rotation sets for torus homeomorphisms.
Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors: canonical and non‐canonical mechanisms of action
Authors: Goldfarb Mitchell 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince their discovery nearly 30 years ago, fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) are now known to control the functionality of excitable tissues through a range of mechanisms. Nervous and cardiac system dysfunctions are caused by loss‐ or gain‐of‐function mutations in FHF genes. The best understood ‘canonical’ targets for FHF action are voltage‐gated sodium channels, and recent studies have expanded the repertoire of ways that FHFs modulate sodium channel gating. Additional ‘non‐canonical’ functions of FHFs in excitable and non‐excitable cells, including cancer cells, have been reported over the past dozen years. This review summarizes and evaluates reported canonical and non‐canonical FHF functions.
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Long-Life Na3V2(PO4)3||Graphite Energy Storage Device Enabled via Regulating the Area Density of Anode
Authors: Pi Yuqiang , Yang Caisheng , He Jiangting , Du Chengyue , Chen Jingjing , Xiong Meiqi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The regular graphite can only provide the negligible capacity for Na-ion intercalation, due to the narrow layer spacing and unstable thermodynamic factor. In this study, an energy storage device is created using the prelithiated graphite and Na3V2(PO4)3&NaClO4-based electrolyte, achieving an initial energy density of 317 W h kg−1 and a long lifespan of 1000 cycles with a 71.3% energy retention under the current rate of 1 C. Additionally, the prelithiated graphite anode could be recognized as an artificial Li metal with a strong skeleton, which reduces the volume changes and provides the growth substrate for Na-ion storage by the plating/stripping behavior. When the Li is depleted by participating in the reconstruction of SEI and the occurrence of complex side reactions, the battery system would die as a result. Therefore, the amounts of excess Li have a significant impact on the electrochemical performance of this device. That is to say that regulating the area density of anode enables a long-life Na3V2(PO4)3||graphite energy storage device.
Stability of Plane Parallel Flow Revisited for Particle–Fluid Suspensions
Authors: Ru C. Q. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An alternative model is proposed for hydrodynamic stability of plane parallel flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid with suspended solid particles. For heavy particle-laden dusty gases with negligible particle volume fraction, the effective complex-form mean velocity in the modified Orr–Sommerfeld equation derived by the present model is showed to be essentially identical to the well-known Saffman's classical results. In the limit cases of small or large Stokes number of particles, simple formulas are derived for the effective Reynolds number ratio of the particle-laden suspension to the clear fluid without particles under otherwise identical conditions. The derived formula for particles of finite particle-to-fluid density ratio and small Stokes number is verified by comparing predicted results with known data, although a comparison of the derived formula with known results for particles of finite density ratio and large Stokes number cannot be made here due to the lack of available data. It is hoped that the present work could offer a conceptually novel and relatively simplified model for hydrodynamics of solid particle–fluid suspensions.
Reconstruction and Generation of Porous Metamaterial Units Via Variational Graph Autoencoder and Large Language Model
Authors: Naghavi Khanghah Kiarash , Wang Zihan , Xu Hongyi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose and compare two novel deep generative model-based approaches for the design representation, reconstruction, and generation of porous metamaterials characterized by complex and fully connected solid and pore networks. A highly diverse porous metamaterial database is curated, with each sample represented by solid and pore phase graphs and a voxel image. All metamaterial samples adhere to the requirement of complete connectivity in both pore and solid phases. The first approach employs a dual decoder variational graph autoencoder to generate both solid phase and pore phase graphs. The second approach employs a variational graph autoencoder for reconstructing/generating the nodes in the solid phase and pore phase graphs and a transformer-based large language model (LLM) for reconstructing/generating the connections, i.e., the edges among the nodes. A comparative study was conducted, and we found that both approaches achieved high accuracy in reconstructing node features, while the LLM exhibited superior performance in reconstructing edge features. Reconstruction accuracy is also validated by voxel-to-voxel comparison between the reconstructions and the original images in the test set. Additionally, discussions on the advantages and limitations of using LLMs in metamaterial design generation, along with the rationale behind their utilization, are provided.