bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in grain-boundary diffusion for high-performance permanent magnets
Authors: Mohapatra Prajna Paramita , Li Guomeng , Alagarsamy Perumal , Xu Xiandong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
High-performance permanent magnets play an indispensable role in manufacturing highly efficient motors and generators, ultimately contributing to the sustainability of our planet. Achieving high coercivity (μ
0
H
c) in hard magnetic materials at or above room temperature without relying on heavy rare-earth elements remains a challenge. Effective strategies for augmenting μ
0
H
c utilizing low-cost materials involve inter-granular addition and the grain-boundary diffusion (GBD) processes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of selected techniques for developing grain-boundary (GB) modification through a specific focus on the reduction of using heavy rare earth (HRE) elements and utilizing cost-effective non-rare earth and light rare earth (LRE) sources for GBD. To date, the successful application of HRE based metals and compounds, and LRE based alloys as diffusion sources has significantly contributed to μ
0
H
c enhancement. Drawing upon global advancements and findings from various research groups, this comprehensive review offers a critical analysis of the fundamentals and progress in GBD processes (GBDPs). Considering the different types of permanent magnets, the GBDPs, based on the diverse diffusion sources and diffusion processes, are thoroughly compared and summarized. This encapsulates the current state of knowledge in the field, providing valuable insights into the ongoing developments in GB modification to improve permanent magnet performance.
Christian Democracy Is Being Tackled for a Loss
Authors: Putz Paul Emory 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at Don McClanen’s founding of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes (FCA), which formally launched the Christian athlete movement as a new subculture within sports. It shows how historical and cultural forces helped to pave the way to the FCA’s founding, with the global crises of the 1930s and 1940s heightening the significance of religion and sports to American identity. It also shows how the religious nationalism of the Cold War influenced the FCA. While the movement that the FCA launched would eventually become identified with evangelicalism, its origins were driven primarily by middlebrow culture and mainline Protestant institutions. This gave the FCA an aura of respectability and ecumenicity that broadened its appeal, enabling it to create a new community of Christian athletes and coaches in big-time sports.
Scoring Heavily in the South
Authors: Putz Paul Emory 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter shows the transformation of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes (FCA) as it shifted from its mainline Protestant origins to a new base in the Sunbelt South. The FCA offered an organized expression of the South’s long-held obsession with masculinity, faith, and sports, formulated to fit into a post–Brown v. Board age of Sunbelt boosterism. By the end of the 1960s the FCA had become a civic institution in the sporting life of the region. The FCA’s southward shift had national resonance in two key ways. First, it fostered connections among white Southern Protestants, neoevangelicals, and middlebrow mainline Protestants, helping to unite the informal coalition that would receive the “evangelical” label in the 1970s. Second, it shaped the response of FCA leaders to a wave of Black athlete activism that emerged at the end of the 1960s, helping to construct a colorblind consensus on race.
Doing Sports God’s Way
Authors: Putz Paul Emory 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the development of the Christian athlete movement in the 1980s and 1990s, after it had formed a stable organizational infrastructure within sports. The chapter discusses conflicts and tensions as leaders of the evangelical sports subculture worked to set the boundaries for how those within their movement should interpret and understand Christian teachings in light of the cultural and social questions of the day. These included issues like women in sports, gender roles, gay rights, the rise of the Christian Right, and more. Persecuted (in its eyes), powerful (in the eyes of critics), by the end of the twentieth century the Christian athlete movement’s view of doing sports God’s way often mirrored the polarizing cultural trends in the United States. Yet this was always done with ambiguities, nuances, and dissidents from within who sought to articulate alternative ways of being Christian in the world of sports.
The Modernist Reading
Authors: Howarth Peter B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Since the 1960s, readings have been considered a personal and expressive form of poetry opposed to the complex textual impersonality of Pound and Eliot. In fact, reading in public was critical to Anglophone modernist poetics from the start. The ‘free verse’ movement justified its prosody by idealizing the poet in performance, and Pound developed Imagism on the model of the readings he and Yeats had heard from Rabindranath Tagore, in which the audience was crucial. His own performances illustrate with heavy irony the diminished role the oral poet is really given in capitalist modernity. Robert Frost, by contrast, used his folksiness to criticize modernism, but his improvised commentary becomes a form of the modernist free verse that he affected to despise. Modernist venues like Harold Monro’s Poetry Bookshop in London or New York’s 92Y should be considered institutions of literary modernism because they framed their poets’ voices within larger acts of education, reputation-making, and ritual.
Langston Hughes Belongs to Everybody
Authors: Howarth Peter B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Modernism and orality came together in the reading career of Langston Hughes, who had to turn himself into a performing poet because so many of his potential audience couldn’t read his books. The charged racial situation he addressed meant his shows could not but bring their mediating contexts into the poems being read in order to make public what was going on. In particular, his angry late modernist poem about performances, Ask Your Mama, summarizes thirty years of touring experience by provoking its audience to recognize the continual reproduction of racial injustice in operation in the room, not just in Montgomery or The Democratic Republic of the Congo. By catching the audience’s projections about the black performer in action, Hughes’s poem reveals the poetry circuits in operation for everyone, in ways that were concealed when other poets read from a more secure platform.
A Nation of Refugees
Authors: Zavadivker Polly 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When World War I began, the Russian Empire was home to more than 5.7 million Jews, the most densely settled Jewish population in the world. Thirty years later, by 1945, only remnants of this civilization remained. The years of World War I, from 1914 to 1918, launched nearly all the forces that led to this epic destruction. This book tells how Jewish civilians experienced that war and its epicenter of violence on the Eastern Front. World War I transformed the lives of East European Jews in ways that were second only to the Holocaust in their magnitude. State violence and forced migration determined many aspects of Jewish wartime and revolutionary experience. These policies not only destroyed much of traditional Jewish life but also inadvertently compelled a transformation of Jewish civil society. The collapse of Russian imperialism enabled the growth of an empire-wide humanitarian campaign to rescue the “nation of refugees,” whose plight embodied that of the Jewish nation itself. This history of Jewish humanitarianism during the World War I provides the origin stories of key leaders and public institutions that served East European Jewry in the interwar years and during the Holocaust. Drawing on insights from feminist history and the emerging field of refugee studies, the volume also recovers the previously marginalized voices of refugees, including women and the elderly. The book draws on material from previously inaccessible archives, the contemporary Russian and Yiddish press, and personal accounts by refugees, relief workers, journalists, and artists.
As Good as Forgotten
Authors: Zavadivker Polly 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter follows refugees and relief work as war overlapped with revolution. The February Revolution emancipated Russia’s Jews yet scarcely improved the conditions of its millions of refugees. Central and local Jewish aid organizations shifted tactics to maintain funds and personnel throughout a period of political upheaval and uncertainty. As leading activists planned for democratic elections and an infrastructure to build Jewish national autonomy, support for refugees receded in importance, even as returning refugees encountered complete devastation in their former homes. Russia’s continued prosecution of the war and failed offensive of 1917 caused further military atrocities and civilian flight. The Bolshevik overthrow of the Provisional Government in October put ethnic welfare at risk but also created new political opportunities for Jewish aid workers. In Moscow, former aid workers entered government and Communist Party jobs; in revolutionary Kyiv, several prominent aid workers joined the ministries of the revolutionary Ukrainian National Republic, where they continued to organize support for Jewish civilians. As regimes came and went, disease, hunger, and internecine conflict rapidly spread.
Potential biases in test-negative design studies of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness arising from the inclusion of asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Ortiz-Brizuela Edgar , Carabali Mabel , Jiang Cong , Merckx Joanna , Talbot Denis , Schnitzer Mireille E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The test-negative design (TND) is a popular method for evaluating vaccine effectiveness (VE). A “classical” TND study includes symptomatic individuals tested for the disease targeted by the vaccine to estimate VE against symptomatic infection. However, recent applications of the TND have attempted to estimate VE against infection by including all tested individuals, regardless of their symptoms. In this article, we use directed acyclic graphs and simulations to investigate potential biases in TND studies of COVID-19 VE arising from the use of this “alternative” approach, particularly when applied during periods of widespread testing. We show that the inclusion of asymptomatic individuals can potentially lead to collider stratification bias, uncontrolled confounding by health and healthcare-seeking behaviors (HSBs), and differential outcome misclassification. While our focus is on the COVID-19 setting, the issues discussed here may also be relevant in the context of other infectious diseases. This may be particularly true in scenarios where there is either a high baseline prevalence of infection, a strong correlation between HSBs and vaccination, different testing practices for vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, or settings where both the vaccine under study attenuates symptoms of infection and diagnostic accuracy is modified by the presence of symptoms.
The leaf-scale mass-based photosynthetic optimization model better predicts photosynthetic acclimation than the area-based
Authors: Yu Yuan , Kang Huixing , Wang Han , Wang Yuheng , Tang Yanhong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract.
Leaf-scale photosynthetic optimization models can quantitatively predict photosynthetic acclimation and have become an important means of improving vegetation and land surface models. Previous models have generally been based on the optimality assumption of maximizing the net photosynthetic assimilation per unit leaf area (i.e. the area-based optimality) while overlooking other optimality assumptions such as maximizing the net photosynthetic assimilation per unit leaf dry mass (i.e. the mass-based optimality). This paper compares the predicted results of photosynthetic acclimation to different environmental conditions between the area-based optimality and the mass-based optimality models. The predictions are then verified using the observational data from the literatures. The mass-based optimality model better predicted photosynthetic acclimation to growth light intensity, air temperature and CO2 concentration, and captured more variability in photosynthetic traits than the area-based optimality models. The findings suggest that the mass-based optimality approach may be a promising strategy for improving the predictive power and accuracy of optimization models, which have been widely used in various studies related to plant carbon issues.
Does ChatGPT Argue Like Students? Bundles in Argumentative Essays
Authors: Jiang Feng (Kevin) , Hyland Ken 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The advent of ChatGPT, a novel AI-powered language model able to create grammatically accurate and coherent texts, has generated considerable concern among educationalists anxious about its potential to enable cheating among students and to undermine the development of critical thinking, problem-solving, and literacy skills. The similarities and differences between ChatGPT texts and human writing, however, remain underexplored. This study aims to bridge this gap by comparing the use of 3-word bundles in A-level argumentative essays written by British students with those generated by ChatGPT. Our findings show that ChatGPT essays contain a lower frequency of bundles but these have a higher type/token ratio, suggesting that its bundles are more rigid and formulaic. We also found noun and preposition-based bundles are more prevalent in ChatGPT texts, employed for abstract descriptions and to provide transitional and structuring cues. Student essays are characterized by more epistemic stances and authorial presence, crucial in persuasive argumentation. We attribute these distinct patterns in ChatGPT’s output to its processing of vast training data and underlying statistical algorithms. The study points to pedagogical implications for incorporating ChatGPT in writing instruction.
In-House Virtual Planning and 3D-Printed Surgical Guides for Reconstructive Rhinoplasty
Authors: Rubio-Palau Josep , Gonçalves Joana , Malet-Contreras Albert , Adell-Gómez Núria , Arenas-Costa Trini , Calonge Wenceslao , Valls-Esteve Arnau , Valls-Ontañón Adaia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Performing rhinoplasty in patients with craniofacial malformations remains a challenge, even for experienced surgeons. Advances in 3-dimensional technology and their application in surgical planning and printing of cutting guides and splints have become important tools for improving aesthetic and functional results.

Objectives
The aim of this preliminary report was to describe an in-house workflow for surgical planning and printing of cutting guides and splints for complex rhinoplasty cases.

Methods
An in-house workflow for complex rhinoplasty was described, as applied in the maxillofacial department of a children's hospital specializing in the treatment of cleft and craniofacial malformations.

Results
Customized surgical guides helped the surgeon harvest and mold potential septal and costochondral grafts more accurately, reduced surgical time, and verified the dimensions of the sculpted nasal shape following surgical planning templates. Patient satisfaction according to the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation questionnaire was 18/24.

Conclusions
The presented workflow represents a potential asset for obtaining more accurate and satisfactory results in complex rhinoplasties.

Level of Evidence: 5 (Diagnostic)
IVEA: an integrative variational Bayesian inference method for predicting enhancer–gene regulatory interactions
Authors: Kimura Yasumasa , Ono Yoshimasa , Katayama Kotoe , Imoto Seiya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Enhancers play critical roles in cell-type-specific transcriptional control. Despite the identification of thousands of candidate enhancers, unravelling their regulatory relationships with their target genes remains challenging. Therefore, computational approaches are needed to accurately infer enhancer–gene regulatory relationships.

Results
In this study, we propose a new method, IVEA, that predicts enhancer–gene regulatory interactions by estimating promoter and enhancer activities. Its statistical model is based on the gene regulatory mechanism of transcriptional bursting, which is characterized by burst size and frequency controlled by promoters and enhancers, respectively. Using transcriptional readouts, chromatin accessibility, and chromatin contact data as inputs, promoter and enhancer activities were estimated using variational Bayesian inference, and the contribution of each enhancer–promoter pair to target gene transcription was calculated. Our analysis demonstrates that the proposed method can achieve high prediction accuracy and provide biologically relevant enhancer–gene regulatory interactions.

Availability and implementation
The IVEA code is available on GitHub at https://github.com/yasumasak/ivea. The publicly available datasets used in this study are described in Supplementary Table S4.
Targeting spinal mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 alleviates inflammatory and neuropathic pain
Authors: Wong Calvin , Rodriguez-Hernandez Luis David , Lister Kevin C , Gu Ning , Cai Weihua , Hooshmandi Mehdi , Fan Jonathan , Brown Nicole , Nguyen Vivienne , Ribeiro-da-Silva Alfredo , Bonin Robert P , Khoutorsky Arkady 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The development and maintenance of chronic pain involve the reorganization of spinal nocioceptive circuits. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), a central signalling hub that modulates both actin-dependent structural changes and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent mRNA translation, plays key roles in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory formation. However, its function in spinal plasticity and chronic pain is poorly understood.
Here, we show that pharmacological activation of spinal mTORC2 induces pain hypersensitivity, whereas its inhibition, using downregulation of the mTORC2-defining component Rictor, alleviates both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Cell type-specific deletion of Rictor showed that the selective inhibition of mTORC2 in a subset of excitatory neurons impairs spinal synaptic potentiation and alleviates inflammation-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity and nerve injury-induced heat hyperalgesia. The ablation of mTORC2 in inhibitory interneurons strongly alleviated nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity.
Our findings reveal the role of mTORC2 in chronic pain and highlight its cell type-specific functions in mediating pain hypersensitivity in response to peripheral inflammation and nerve injury.
Neuroimaging of autobiographical memory in dementia with Lewy bodies: a story of insula
Authors: Tisserand Alice , Blanc Frédéric , Muller Candice , Durand Hélène , Demuynck Catherine , Ravier Alix , Sanna Léa , de Sousa Paulo Loureiro , Botzung Anne , Mondino Mary , Philippi Nathalie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although deficits in learning and retrieving new information are well characterized in dementia with Lewy bodies, autobiographical memory has never been explored in this disease. Yet, autobiographical memory impairments are a pervasive feature of dementia, well characterized in other neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, autobiographical memory corresponds to an extension over time of the self, which we hypothesize is altered in dementia with Lewy bodies and impairment of which could be linked to the insular atrophy occurring from an early stage of the disease. In this study, we sought to characterize autobiographical memory impairments and explore their neural correlates in dementia with Lewy bodies, on the assumption that insular damage could impact the self, including its most elaborate components, such as autobiographical memory. Twenty patients with prodromal to mild dementia with Lewy bodies were selected to participate in this exploratory study along with 20 healthy control subjects. The Autobiographical Interview was used to assess autobiographical memory. Performances were compared between patients and control subjects, and an analysis across life periods and recall conditions was performed. 3D magnetic resonance images were acquired for all participants, and correlational analyses were performed in the patient group using voxel-based morphometry. The behavioural results of the Autobiographical Interview showed that autobiographical memory performances were significantly impaired in dementia with Lewy body patients compared to control subjects in a temporally ungraded manner, for both the free recall and the specific probe conditions (P &lt; 0.0001), though with greater improvement after probing in the patient group. Furthermore, autobiographical memory impairments were correlated with grey matter volume within right insular cortex, temporoparietal junction, precuneus, putamen, left temporal cortex, bilateral parahippocampus and cerebellum, using a threshold of P = 0.005 uncorrected. The behavioural results confirm the existence of temporally ungraded autobiographical memory impairments in dementia with Lewy bodies, from the early stage of the disease. As we expected, neuroimaging analysis revealed a role for the insula and the precuneus in autobiographical memory retrieval, two regions associated with elementary aspects of the self, among other brain regions classically associated with autobiographical memory, such as medial temporal lobe and temporoparietal junction. Our findings provide important insights regarding the involvement of the insula in the self and suggest that insular damage could lead to a global collapse of the self, including its more elaborated components, such as autobiographical memory.
C9orf72 dipeptides activate the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Rivers-Auty Jack , Hoyle Christopher , Pointer Ayesha , Lawrence Catherine , Pickering-Brown Stuart , Brough David , Ryan Sarah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are neurodegenerative diseases with considerable clinical, genetic and pathological overlap. The most common cause of both diseases is a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72. The expansion is translated to produce five toxic dipeptides, which aggregate in patient brain. Neuroinflammation is a feature of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; however, its causes are unknown. The nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome is implicated in several other neurodegenerative diseases as a driver of damaging inflammation. The inflammasome is a multi-protein complex which forms in immune cells in response to tissue damage, pathogens or aggregating proteins. Inflammasome activation is observed in models of other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, and inflammasome inhibition rescues cognitive decline in rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we show that a dipeptide arising from the C9orf72 expansion, poly-glycine–arginine, activated the inflammasome in microglia and macrophages, leading to secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β. Poly-glycine–arginine also activated the inflammasome in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, and immunofluorescence imaging demonstrated formation of inflammasome specks in response to poly-glycine–arginine. Several clinically available anti-inflammatory drugs rescued poly-glycine–arginine-induced inflammasome activation. These data suggest that C9orf72 dipeptides contribute to the neuroinflammation observed in patients, and highlight the inflammasome as a potential therapeutic target for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.