bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐sensitivity refractive index sensors based on in‐line holes in plastic optical fiber
Authors: Shin Jong‐Dug , Park Jaehee 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn this letter, we propose a compact and simple high‐sensitivity refractive index sensor based on cascaded in‐line holes in multimode plastic optical fiber (POF). Due to multimode nature of the structure, transmittance of a sensor with N in‐line holes becomes the N‐th power of that for a single hole sensor to achieve high sensitivity easily. Experimental results show that a sensor with three 0.7‐mm holes spaced 5‐mm in 1.5‐mm POF exhibited a sensitivity of 43.8 dB/RIU, which is about three times in logarithmic scale that of a 0.7‐mm single‐hole sensor, 14.8 dB/RIU. Similarly, a sensor with three 0.9‐mm holes showed a sensitivity of 62.9 dB/RIU compared to 22.0 dB/RIU for a 0.9‐mm single‐hole sensor. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:918–921, 2015
Enhanced ISAR imaging method using back‐projection and SVA algorithm
Authors: Cho Byung‐Lae , Choi In‐Sik , Rothwell Edward J. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe present an inverse synthetic aperture radar image enhancement technique that combines the plane‐wave approximation‐based back‐projection (BP) algorithm and the spatially variant apodization (SVA) method. The SVA technique is applied to reduce the sidelobe levels while retaining the cross‐range resolution. To demonstrate the performance of our algorithm, we compare the conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT)‐based algorithm, the combined FFT and SVA method, the BP algorithm, and the proposed method (combined BP and SVA method). The cross‐range resolution and peak to sidelobe ratio (PSLR) are selected as performance measures. Our algorithm has better resolution than the conventional combined FFT and SVA method, while the combined FFT and SVA method has better PSLR than our method. We validate our algorithm via a numerical simulation and measurements conducted in a compact range. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:993–997, 2015
4 × 25 Gb/s 2.6 mW/Gb/s parallel optical receiver analog front‐end for 100 Gb/s Ethernet
Authors: Chen Yingmei , Luo Xianliang , He Xiaofei , Zhang Yunan , Wang Pengxia 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA design of 4 × 25 Gb/s parallel optical receiver analog front‐end, including transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and limiting amplifier (LA), is presented in this article. It features a pseudodifferential TIA structure to cancel common mode noise and stabilize circuit. The TIA and LA use regulated cascode technique and four stages interleaving active feedback structure to acquire 23.2 GHz bandwidth and 74.3 dBΩ transimpedance gain. The parallel TIA and LA chip occupies 525 × 1835 μm2 area. It consumes 76 mW per channel and the power consumption per bit is only 2.6 mW/Gb/s. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:974–978, 2015
Study of the performance of dielectric resonator antennas based on the matrix composite of Al2O3 – CaTiO3
Authors: Oliveira L. S. , Gouveia D. X. , Silva M. A. S. , Sombra A. S. B. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article is present the structural and dielectric microwave properties of Alumina – CaTiO3 ceramic composite with the addition of CaTiO3 and your performance as a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). Alumina has a negative temperature variation of resonant frequency coefficient τf, while CaTiO3 has a high positive temperature coefficient. Also influence of calcium titanate on densification and porosity of the composite is presented. The CaTiO3 was added (2.5% to 10% wt. amount) in order to analyze changes in the dielectric properties. Samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction. Dielectric properties were investigated by Hakki‐Coleman methods and the experimental characteristics parameters like return loss, bandwidth, and input impedance are presented and compared with numerical simulations. The results obtained shows the formation of secondary phases (Hibonite and TiO2), with the dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss increasing and decreasing with calcium titanate concentration, respectively. The application of DRA was verified and all samples tested presented return loss below −10 dB in the resonant frequency. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:963–969, 2015
Microstrip wideband bandstop filter with open stubs for UWB applications
Authors: Shrestha Bhanu , Kim Nam‐Young 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis article describes the development of an optimized microstrip wideband bandstop filter (BSF) with open stubs for ultrawideband applications. Simulated results agree with the measured results, demonstrating in the experimental results a 10 dB bandwidth from 4.6 to 7.6 GHz, insertion loss (S21) of −33.9 dB, and minimum return loss (S11) of −0.40 dB at 6.1 GHz. Additionally, an equivalent circuit of the wideband BSF is built to estimate the electromagnetic simulation results for practical realization. The features of the design have a reduced size, wideband rejection, higher insertion loss, and tunable bandwidth, which can be performed by adjusting the L‐shaped stubs (0.41λg and 0.29λg) toward the 50 Ω input and output ports. The designed BSF occupied the size of 0.35λg × 0.29λg. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1003–1006, 2015
Multiple‐band reflective polarization converter based on complementary L‐shaped metamaterial
Authors: Zhao Jia‐Xin , Xiao Bo‐Xun , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Yang He‐Lin 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, we numerically and experimentally investigate the electromagnetic responses of multiple‐band reflective polarization based on complementary L‐shaped metamaterial. The proposed reflective polarization converter can convert a linearly polarized wave to its cross‐polarized wave at the five resonant frequencies, which is also can convert the linearly polarized wave to circularly polarized wave at other six resonant frequencies. Furthermore, the incident circularly polarized wave can be transformed into the same rotational direction at five resonant frequencies after reflection, which is different from reflection by conventional materials. Simulations are in reasonable agreements with the experimental results in the entire frequency range, and the polarization conversion ratio is over 90% for both linear and circular polarizations in simulation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:978–983, 2015
Numerical techniques on improving computational efficiency of spectral boundary integral method
Authors: Wang Jinghua , Ma Q. W. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryNumerical techniques are suggested in this paper, in order to improve the computational efficiency of the spectral boundary integral method, initiated by Clamond & Grue [D. Clamond and J. Grue. A fast method for fully nonlinear water‐wave computations. J. Fluid Mech. 2001; 447: 337–355] for simulating nonlinear water waves. This method involves dealing with the high order convolutions by using Fourier transform or inverse Fourier transform and evaluating the integrals with weakly singular integrands. A de‐singularity technique is proposed here to help in efficiently evaluating the integrals with weak singularity. An anti‐aliasing technique is developed in this paper to overcome the aliasing problem associated with Fourier transform or inverse Fourier transform with a limited resolution. This paper also presents a technique for determining a critical value of the free surface, under which the integrals can be neglected. Numerical tests are carried out on the numerical techniques and on the improved method equipped with the techniques. The tests will demonstrate that the improved method can significantly accelerate the computation, in particular when waves are strongly nonlinear. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pregnancy weight gain charts for obese and overweight women
Authors: Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Platt Robert W. , Abrams Barbara , Himes Katherine P. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Bodnar Lisa M. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveReference charts for classifying and monitoring pregnancy weight gain in severely obese women do not exist. The goal was to construct pregnancy weight‐gain‐for‐gestational‐age z‐score charts for overweight and obese mothers, stratified by severity of obesity.MethodsSerial weight gain measurements were abstracted from 1047, 1202, 1267, and 730 overweight, class I, II, and III obese women, respectively, delivering uncomplicated term pregnancies at Magee‐Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh, PA. Multi‐level linear regression models were used to express serial weight gain measurements as a function of gestational age.ResultsThere were a median [interquartile range] of 11 [9‐12] and 11 [9‐13] serial weight measurements for overweight and obese (class I, II, and III) women, respectively. The rate of weight gain was minimal until 15‐20 weeks and then increased in a slow, linear manner until term. The slope of weight gain flattened as pre‐pregnancy BMI increased. Charts were created describing the mean, standard deviation, and select percentiles of weight gain in class I, II, and III obese and overweight pregnancies.ConclusionsThese charts are an innovative tool for studying the association between gestational weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis for cystic fibrosis: detection of paternal mutations, exploration of patient preferences and cost analysis
Authors: Hill Melissa , Twiss Philip , Verhoef Talitha I. , Drury Suzanne , McKay Fiona , Mason Sarah , Jenkins Lucy , Morris Stephen , Chitty Lyn S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivesWe aim to develop non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for cystic fibrosis (CF) and determine costs and implications for implementation.MethodsA next‐generation sequencing assay was developed to detect ten common CF mutations for exclusion of the paternal mutation in maternal plasma. Using uptake data from a study exploring views on NIPD for CF, total test‐related costs were estimated for the current care pathway and compared with those incorporating NIPD.ResultsThe assay reliably predicted mutation status in all control and maternal plasma samples. Of carrier or affected adults with CF (n = 142) surveyed, only 43.5% reported willingness to have invasive testing for CF with 94.4% saying they would have NIPD. Using these potential uptake data, the incremental costs of NIPD over invasive testing per 100 pregnancies at risk of CF are £9025 for paternal mutation exclusion, and £26 510 for direct diagnosis.ConclusionsWe have developed NIPD for risk stratification in around a third of CF families. There are economic implications due to potential increased test demand to inform postnatal management rather than to inform decisions around termination of an affected pregnancy. © 2015 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘We have to discuss it’: cancer patients' advance care planning impressions following educational information about cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Epstein A. S. , Shuk E. , O'Reilly E. M. , Gary K. A. , Volandes A. E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveMost cancer patients desire information about care options at the end of life, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Communicating such care options can be challenging and is part of advance care planning (ACP). Our prior studies with video educational media produced data on patients' categoric preferences (yes/no/unsure) for CPR; however, the thematic underpinnings of these educated preferences in patients treated for advanced cancer aren't well known.MethodsQualitative thematic content analysis of participants' responses in a randomized trial of an educational video (V) or narrative (N) about CPR in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers. Responses were independently coded and categorized for thematic content by two reviewers.ResultsOf 54 study participants, 26 total (41% of V arm, 56% of N arm) articulated questions, comments, or both. Reviewer analyses demonstrated thematic consensus and resulted in seven distinct themes listed in decreasing order of prevalence: (a) ACP should be started early; (b) educational information about CPR affirmed participants' existing beliefs/knowledge/values about advanced illness; (c) participants were apprehensive about ACP but wanted to discuss it; (d) gaps in knowledge about ACP emerged; (e) CPR information was helpful/acceptable; (f) physicians should be involved in ACP; and (g) medical questions about critical illness arose.ConclusionsFindings identified that while sometimes difficult to discuss, advance care planning is desired, deemed helpful, and ideally begun early by clinicians, and that video education is an appropriate and affirming initiator of discussions. These themes are incorporated into our ongoing research on cancer patient‐specific values and education about care options. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel method for obtaining virtual inertial response of DFIG‐based wind turbines
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Wang Yi , Fu Yuan , Xu Lie 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates virtual inertia control of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind turbines to provide dynamic frequency support in the event of sudden power change. The relationships among DFIGs' virtual inertia, rotor speed and network frequency variation are analysed, and a novel virtual inertia control strategy is proposed. The proposed control strategy shifts the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) curve to the virtual inertia control curves according to the frequency deviation so as to release the ‘hidden’ kinetic energy and provide dynamic frequency support to the grid. The calculation of the virtual inertia and its control curves are also presented. Compared with a PD regulator‐based inertial controller, the proposed virtual inertia control scheme not only provides fast inertial response in the event of sudden power change but also achieves a smoother recovery to the MPPT operation. A four‐machine system with 30% of wind penetration is simulated to validate the proposed control strategy. Simulation results show that DFIG‐based wind farms can provide rapid response to the frequency deviation using the proposed control strategy. Therefore, the dynamic frequency response of the power grid with high wind power penetration can be significantly improved. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overexpression of Ku80 Suggests Poor Prognosis of Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Zhou , Liu Xiangyan , Liu Yu , Jia Yang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that Ku80 expression was implicated in development and progression of malignant tumors. In the present study, we analyzed for the first time the expression of Ku80 in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its correlation with clinicopathologic features and patient survival.MethodsThe expression profile of Ku80 was analyzed in 126 cases of locally advanced ESCC and 79 cases of normal subjects as control using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The associations of Ku80 expression with clinicopathological features were estimated by χ2 test. We further performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) of patients.ResultsImmunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses both showed the Ku80 protein expression was significantly higher in ESCC than normal esophageal mucosa and corresponding healthy esophageal mucosa. Statistical analysis suggested a significant correlation of Ku80 overexpression with the tumor size (p = 0.037), differentiation degree (p = 0.018), depth of invasion (p = 0.020), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.045), clinicopathological staging (p = 0.001), and tumor recurrence (p = 0.011) in locally advanced ESCC patients. Moreover, overexpression of Ku80 was associated with reduced OS of patients after surgery (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis with a Cox proportional hazards model further suggested that Ku80 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for patients’ OS (p = 0.029).ConclusionsKu80 was a predictor of tumor’s progression and prognosis of locally advanced ESCC patients. All of these results indicate that assessment of Ku80 level could improve stratification of locally advanced ESCC patients.
The global epidemic of abuse and disrespect during childbirth: History, evidence, interventions, and FIGO's mother−baby friendly birthing facilities initiative
Authors: Miller Suellen , Lalonde Andre 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRecent evidence indicates that disrespectful/abusive/coercive service delivery by skilled providers in facilities, which results in actual or perceived poor quality of care, is directly and indirectly associated with adverse maternal and newborn outcomes. The present article reviews the evidence for disrespectful/abusive care during childbirth in facilities (DACF), describes examples of DACF, discusses organizations active in a rights‐based respectful maternity care movement, and enumerates some strategies and interventions that have been identified to decrease DACF. It concludes with a discussion of one strategy, which has been recently implemented by FIGO with global partners—the International Pediatrics Association, International Confederation of Midwives, the White Ribbon Alliance, and WHO. This strategy, the Mother and Baby Friendly Birth Facility (MBFBF) Initiative, is a criterion‐based audit process based on human rights' doctrines, and modeled on WHO/UNICEF's Baby Friendly Facility Initiative.
Use of Platelet‐Rich Plasma in Intra‐Articular Knee Injections for Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lai Lawrence P. , Stitik Todd P. , Foye Patrick M. , Georgy John S. , Patibanda Varun , Chen Boqing 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically analyze the literature on the use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) for intra‐articular injections of the knee and its efficacy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA).DesignSystematic literature reviews were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL (ie, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) on October 30, 2013, using the keywords “platelet‐rich plasma” and “knee” and “osteoarthritis.” Inclusion criteria included (1) studies with human subjects, (2) prospective clinical studies (including either clinical trials or observational studies), and (3) full‐text articles published in English. Exclusion criteria were: (1) animal studies; (2) retrospective studies; (3) patients with previous surgical intervention with total knee arthroplasty or reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligaments; and (4) articles not published in EnglishResultsA total of 319 abstracts and titles were reviewed (60 from PubMed, 250 from Embase, and 9 from CINAHL). A total of 8 relevant journal articles were identified, all of which were published between 2010 and 2013. One‐half of the studies were prospective observational studies that included only PRP treatment; the rest were prospective comparative studies including both PRP and controls—2 were randomized controlled trials. Of the 4 comparative studies, 3 compared PRP with hyaluronic acid, which was considered as a commonly used effective treatment for knee OA; the other one used saline injection (ie, placebo) as the control. Although most of the analyses suffered from small sample size and was thus inconclusive, the findings consistently indicated that PRP might have better outcomes in patients with a lesser degree of degeneration and in younger patients.ConclusionPRP intra‐articular injections of the knee may be an effective alternative treatment for knee OA. However, current studies are at best inconclusive regarding the efficacy of the PRP treatment. A large, multicenter randomized trial study is needed to further assess the efficacy of PRP treatment for patients with knee OA.
Multi-level control of zero-moment point-based humanoid biped robots: a review
Authors: Al-Shuka Hayder F. N. , Corves B. , Zhu Wen-Hong , Vanderborght B. 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYResearchers dream of developing autonomous humanoid robots which behave/walk like a human being. Biped robots, although complex, have the greatest potential for use in human-centred environments such as the home or office. Studying biped robots is also important for understanding human locomotion and improving control strategies for prosthetic and orthotic limbs. Control systems of humans walking in cluttered environments are complex, however, and may involve multiple local controllers and commands from the cerebellum. Although biped robots have been of interest over the last four decades, no unified stability/balance criterion adopted for stabilization of miscellaneous walking/running modes of biped robots has so far been available. The literature is scattered and it is difficult to construct a unified background for the balance strategies of biped motion. The zero-moment point (ZMP) criterion, however, is a conservative indicator of stabilized motion for a class of biped robots. Therefore, we offer a systematic presentation of multi-level balance controllers for stabilization and balance recovery of ZMP-based humanoid robots.
The importance of manganese in the cytoplasmic maturation of cattle oocytes: blastocyst production improvement regardless of cumulus cells presence duringin vitromaturation
Authors: Anchordoquy Juan Patricio , Anchordoquy Juan Mateo , Sirini Matias Angel , Testa Juan Alberto , Peral-García Pilar , Furnus Cecilia Cristina 
Published: February 2015

SummaryAdequate dietary intake of manganese (Mn) is required for normal reproductive performance in cattle. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Mn duringin vitromaturation of bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) on apoptosis of cumulus cells, cumulus expansion, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the COC. The role of cumulus cells on Mn transport and subsequent embryo development was also evaluated. Early apoptosis decreased in cumulus cells matured with Mn compared with medium alone. Cumulus expansion did not show differences in COC matured with or without Mn supplementation. SOD activity was higher in COC matured with 6 ng/ml Mn than with 0 ng/ml Mn. Cleavage rates were higher in COC and denuded oocytes co-cultured with cumulus cells, either with or without Mn added toin vitromaturation (IVM) medium. Regardless of the presence of cumulus cells during IVM, the blastocyst rates were higher when 6 ng/ml Mn was supplemented into IVM medium compared with growth in medium alone. Blastocyst quality was enhanced when COC were matured in medium with Mn supplementation. The results of the present study indicated that Mn supplementation to IVM medium enhanced the ‘health’ of COC, and improved subsequent embryo development and embryo quality.