bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal conductivity of double polymorph Ga2O3 structures
Authors: Abdullaev Azat , Sekerbayev Kairolla , Azarov Alexander , Venkatachalapathy Vishnukanthan , Chauhan Vinay S. , Utegulov Zhandos , Kuznetsov Andrej 
Published: August 2024

Recently discovered double gamma/beta (γ/β) polymorph Ga2O3 structures constitute a class of novel materials providing an option to modulate functional properties across interfaces without changing the chemical compositions of materials, in contrast to that in conventional heterostructures. In this work, for the first time, we investigate thermal transport in such homo-interface structures as an example of their physical properties. In particular, the cross-plane thermal conductivity (k) was measured by femtosecond laser-based time-domain thermoreflectance with MHz modulation rates, effectively obtaining depth profiles of the thermal conductivity across the γ-/β-Ga2O3 structures. In this way, the thermal conductivity of γ-Ga2O3 ranging from 1.84 to 2.11 W m−1 K−1 was found to be independent of the initial β-substrates orientations, in accordance with the cubic spinel structure of the γ-phase and consistently with the molecular dynamics simulation data. In turn, the thermal conductivity of monoclinic β-Ga2O3 showed a distinct anisotropy, with values ranging from 10 W m−1 K−1 for [−201] to 20 Wm−1 K−1 for [010] orientations. Thus, for double γ-/β-Ga2O3 polymorph structures formed on [010] β-substrates, there is an order of magnitude difference in thermal conductivity across the γ/β interface, which can potentially be exploited in thermal energy conversion applications.
Spin magnetotransport in rare-earth iron garnet (REIG)/Pt: Effects of modulated bulk and REIG/Pt interfaces
Authors: Li Pei Gen , Ng Sheung Mei , Yuan Xin , Zhang Fu Xiang , Wong Hon Fai , Chu Zhi Qin , Cao Peng , Leung Chi Wah 
Published: August 2024

The intrinsic magnetization compensation behaviors of rare-earth iron garnets (REIGs) make the material promising for applications in ultrafast spin storage devices. REIG/heavy metal heterostructures such as TbIG/Pt often display two sign crossovers of anomalous Hall effect resistance with varying temperatures. One of these crossovers is attributed to the magnetization compensation of REIG, and the other to the competition between the magnetic proximity effect and the spin Hall effect. Here, we design trilayer REIG heterostructures based on two rare-earth species (Tb and Eu). We modulate the layer stacking of the TbIG/EuIG/TbIG sandwich with a fixed total thickness and explore the contributions of REIG bulk and REIG/Pt interfaces on these two crossover points. As TbIG gradually moves away from Pt, the compensation temperature shows some fluctuations. However, when TbIG is entirely out of contact with Pt, the second crossover point undergoes a change that shows REIG/Pt interface dependency. The results highlight the dominance of REIG bulk on the compensation behavior and the interface sensitivity of the second crossover point. This study provides a reference for designing controllable spintronics devices, such as magnon valve applications.
A novel linear piezoelectric inchworm actuator based on a ratchet mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yangkun , Lao Mengze , Yang Yang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A new working principle of inchworm actuator, which converts vibrations of a single piezo actuator into unidirectional step movement of a mover via a ratchet mechanism, was proposed. The proposed working principle has the following priorities: (1) it requires only one piezoelectric actuator which greatly simplifies its driving signals and driving circuits; (2) it can achieve a large driving speed with little compromise of a large force output while maintaining a high positioning precision of piezoelectric actuator and a theoretically unlimited motion range, although it can only achieve unidirectional movement with unidirectional self-locking capability; (3) it could be open-loop controlled with no accumulated step errors. The proposed actuator was designed with compliant mechanism and an analytical model of the design was developed, validated by finite element simulations carried out in Commercial Software ANSYS and used to guide the selection of design parameters. A prototype was fabricated and tested. Experiments show that the proposed actuator achieved a speed larger than 12 mm s−1, a driving load larger than 60 N in the moving direction, a reliable open-loop controllability with no step accumulated errors even under driving load variations of 60 N, and a working range larger than 1 mm with a high positioning precision around 320 nm under closed-loop control, which validated the superiorities of the proposed actuator.
The rheological behavior of aqueous magnetic fluids over a wide range of shear rates
Authors: Yan Xiaofeng , Li Xianggang , Yin Qianmei , Tong Jingjing , Xie Tao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A rheological measurement system was constructed to investigate the rheological behavior of magnetic fluids under a wide range of shear rates, and its feasibility was verified. The system is capable of measuring a shear rate range spanning five orders of magnitude, with a maximum shear rate of 106 s−1. It was utilized to study the time required for aqueous magnetic fluids in a magnetic field to reach a steady state, taking into account the coupling effect of the flow field and magnetic field. Additionally, the time needed for the magnetic fluids to return to their initial state after demagnetization was also measured. Based on these measurements, the rheological behavior of magnetic fluids with varying concentrations and magnetic field directions was studied. Results indicate that the residence time of the magnetic fluids in the magnetic field and the de-magnetization time have almost no effect on their viscosity. When the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the flow direction, regardless of concentration, aqueous magnetic fluids exhibit shear thinning behavior; when it is parallel to the flow direction, high-concentration aqueous magnetic fluids show shear thickening, while low-concentration ones behave as Newtonian fluids. In this study’s shear rate range, no Newtonian regions were found in either high- or low-shear rate regions.
New algorithm of measuring gravitational wave radiation from rotating binary system
Authors: Hong Soon-Tae 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In order to investigate the gravitational wave (GW) radiation, without resorting to the traceless transverse gauge approach to the GW formalism of the linearized general relativity, we formulate the so-called modified linearized general relativity (MLGR). As an application of the MLGR, we construct a novel paradigm of measuring the GW radiation from a binary system of compact objects, to theoretically interpret its phenomenology. To accomplish this, we formulate the mass scalar and mass vector potentials for the merging binary compact objects, from which we construct the mass magnetic field in addition to the mass electric one which also includes the mass vector potential effect. Next, defining the mass Poyinting vector in terms of the mass electric and mass magnetic fields in the MLGR, we find the GW radiation intensity profile possessing a prolate ellipsoid geometry due to the merging binary compact objects source. At a given radial distance from the binary compact objects, the GW radiation intensity on the revolution axis of the binary compact objects is shown to be twice that on the equatorial plane. Moreover, we explicitly obtain the total radiation power of the GW, which has the same characteristic as that of the electromagnetic wave in the rotating charge electric dipole moment. We also find that, in no distorting limit of the merging binary compact objects, the compact objects in the MLGR do not yield the total GW radiation power, consistent with the result of the traceless transverse gauge algorithm in the linearized general relativity.
Self-similar flow behind a shock wave in a gas under the effect of viscosity, heat conduction, and variable ambient density
Authors: Patel Arvind , Pandey Komal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Self-similar solutions have been investigated to describe the propagation of planar shock waves in a non-ideal gas generated by a piston under viscous stress and heat flux. The equation of state for non-ideal gas incorporates the correction in pressure and volume of the gas. The piston position and ambient density vary exponentially with time. Newton’s law of viscosity is used for the viscous stress and Fourier’s law of heat conduction is taken for heat flux. The viscosity coefficient is taken as constant whereas the thermal conductivity coefficient varies with temperature and density following the power law. The shock jump conditions have been derived for the viscous non-ideal gas using integral form of conservation laws. The shock Reynolds number Re

s
has been introduced to study the effect of viscosity on shock propagation in non-ideal gas. It is found that similarity solution exists only in an ideal gas under the condition that the ambient density exponent is equal to twice the shock position exponent. This study shows that shock Reynolds number Re

s
and heat conduction parameter Γ
c
can be used to control the variation of the flow variables and piston position significantly. The shock strength decreases with increase in the value of shock Reynolds number Re

s
but is independent of the heat conduction parameter Γ
c
. The pressure, density, and adiabatic compressibility have significant deviations from high to low viscous flow of ideal gas but the velocity and heat flux undergo negligible change. The results do not support the claim of negligible effect of viscosity in earlier studies and establish the impact of viscosity and heat flux on shock propagation in an ideal gas.
Selective discrimination and accurate quantification of five target vapors among multiple vapors using 2D CuO and Co3O4 sensors
Authors: Kulkarni Saraswati , Ghosh Ruma 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Selective and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are critically needed for various applications like environmental sustainability, industrial safety, healthcare, etc Metal oxides are one of the most explored chemiresistive sensing materials because of their high sensitivity, but they lack selectivity. This work reports synthesis of two metal oxides - CuO and Co3O4 using surfactant assisted hydrothermal method. The 2D morphologies of both the metal oxides were ensured through fielded emission scanning electron microscope. The polycrystalline nature of the materials was studied using X-ray diffractometer and bandgaps were found to be 1.72 eV (CuO) and 1.9 and 2.89 eV (Co3O4) through the Kubelka Munk plot. The two metal oxides were employed to detect four different concentrations (6–50 ppm) of five targeted VOCs (lung cancer biomarkers) - acetone, acetonitrile, isopropanol, methanol, and toluene. In addition, response of the sensors for 6–50 ppm of ethyl acetate, hexanal, ammonia, and NO2 were also recorded as these VOCs are naturally produced in the body as a result of metabolic processes. The responses were recorded for 10 min for all the gases with CuO and Co3O4. Despite the intrinsic metal oxides lacking selectivity towards a specific VOC, careful feature selection achieved a classification accuracy of 95% using random forest (RF) algorithm. Subsequent application of RF model on validation dataset yielded a 91% accuracy in identifying target VOCs. Multilinear regression (MLR) algorithm was then employed to quantify the concentrations of the VOCs and low mean absolute error (MAE) values were obtained.
Reflective multi-layer metasurface based on half-wave plate structure for polarization control in the visible-near-infrared region
Authors: Movsisyan Artyom , Manukyan Hasmik , Minasyan Billi , Babajanyan Arsen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The precise control of the polarization of the electromagnetic field in the optical range is studied. A numerical simulation was performed, which corresponds to the optical devices operating in the 650–800 nm range and does not present any obstacles for fabrication. According to this, the three-layer system based on metasurfaces was developed, which operates as a half-wave plate consisting of a metal-dielectric-metal structure and takes very small dimensions, more than 3 times smaller than the observed wavelength. This half-wave plate is reflective and exhibits almost ideal behavior with a spectral width of about 10 nm within 735–745 nm. The losses are negligible, and the amplitude ratio of the directly reflected components in almost the entire studied spectrum exceeds 90%. With a spectrum of about 100 nm within 650–800 nm, it is 99%. Also, the system has an advantage characteristic of metasurfaces: regardless of the angle of the incident wave with the normal, it shows high efficiency, and even when the incident wave is below 45°, the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) remains greater than 80%. The system has optimal geometric dimensions, which works especially well, but even if the dimensions change (due to fabrication defects), its effectiveness does not weaken. The proposed system can become a very promising optical device and be used to control the state of electromagnetic waves in the optical range.
An efficient image compression encryption scheme based on BP neural network and DNA mutation
Authors: Cao Yinghong , Liu Zhaocheng , Wang Kaihua , Bi Xiuguo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, an efficient image compression encryption scheme is proposed. Firstly, compressing the image by using BP neural network before encryption, which not only saves the subsequent encryption and decryption time but also minimizes storage and transmission space. Secondly, Chialvo neuron model is used to generate chaotic sequences for the encryption process in the scheme, confusing the compressed image according to a confusion algorithm combining single-plane and cross-plane. Next, diffusing the confused image. Subsequently, the diffused image and chaotic sequences are DNA encoded, performing DNA same or operation (DNA mutual mutations) and DNA mutations (DNA self-mutations). Finally, the DNA mutations results are decoded to obtain the cipher image. Security tests and compression performance analysis show that the scheme can efficiently and securely compress and encrypt images of different sizes with higher reconstruction quality compared to other compression schemes.
A generalized dynamic asymmetric exclusion process: orthogonal dualities and degenerations
Authors: Groenevelt Wolter , Wagenaar Carel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a generalized version of dynamic asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) is introduced, and it is shown that the process has a Markov duality property with the same process on the reversed lattice. The duality functions are multivariate q-Racah polynomials, and the corresponding orthogonality measure is the reversible measure of the process. By taking limits in the generator of dynamic ASEP, its reversible measure, and the duality functions, we obtain orthogonal and triangular dualities for several other interacting particle systems. In this sense, the duality of dynamic ASEP sits on top of a hierarchy of many dualities. For the construction of the process, we rely on representation theory of the quantum algebra

U

q

(

sl

2

)

. In the standard representation, the generator of generalized ASEP can be constructed from the coproduct of the Casimir. After a suitable change of representation, we obtain the generator of dynamic ASEP. The corresponding intertwiner is constructed from q-Krawtchouk polynomials, which arise as eigenfunctions of twisted primitive elements. This gives a duality between dynamic ASEP and generalized ASEP with q-Krawtchouk polynomials as duality functions. Using this duality, we show the (almost) self-duality of dynamic ASEP.
A numerical study of a multifunctional metamaterial with efficient terahertz absorption and low infrared emission
Authors: Bai Jinjun , Liu Chunxi , Shi Ying , Xu Wei , Chang Shengjiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, a multifunctional metamaterial is proposed to effectively absorb terahertz (THz) radiation and shield against infrared (IR) emissions. The device comprises an IR shielding layer made of ZnS and SiO2, and a terahertz absorbing layer utilizing a ‘graphene—SiO2—gold’ sandwich-like structure. The properties of the metamaterial are investigated using the full-vector finite element method. The results indicate that the emissivity of the device is below 0.1 in the IR atmospheric window (8–14

μ

m

), with absorption reaching 90% and a bandwidth of 2.42 THz in 2–6 THz. Furthermore, the device is certainly tolerant to variations in the angle of incidence. It has a simple structure and a relatively easy preparation process. These advantages make it suitable for applications in the fields of anti-radar stealth in the THz band.
Downhill skiing & climate change adaptation in Wisconsin: perspectives from key stakeholders
Authors: Holland Austin , Chin Natalie , Higgins Hannah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Climate change is currently impacting various facets of our local systems with many stakeholders and industries working to adapt to these changing conditions. There is a growing recognition that adaptation practices need to be directed within specific industries, communities, and stakeholders. A key area that is being impacted is the snow sports industry which is facing various challenges due to localized climatic changes. Previous work has indicated that climate change may leave these snow-dependent industries in the U.S. Midwest unviable in the future, so it is imperative to understand how these stakeholders are adapting to climate change and how they view the future of their industry. To do this, we conducted in-depth interviews with owners and operators in Wisconsin to understand 1) the climate change impacts they are facing, 2) their adaptation strategies, and 3) their views of the future of Wisconsin downhill skiing. Our results outline various environmental and social changes that participants associate with climate change and document their current adaptation strategies. Operators are optimistic about the future, but there is a recognition that adaptation practices and planning will likely intensify. This letter concludes with an outline for future research and support for adaptation practices that blend qualitative methods with physical and technological research that can aid this industry’s adaptation strategies.
Identification of nonlinear system model and inverse model based on conditional invertible neural network
Authors: Chen Tian , Zhang Xingwu , Wang Chenxi , Feng Xuedan , Lv Jiaqiao , Deng Jiangtao , You Shangqin , Chen Xuefeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In applications such as adaptive inverse control, internal model control, and active noise control, the identification accuracy of the system model and the inverse model directly affects the performance. However, it is not easy to identify inverse models for nonlinear systems. Moreover, existing methods require two identification calculations to obtain the system model and the inverse model. Therefore, an identification method of nonlinear system model and inverse model based on conditional invertible neural network (cINN) is proposed. The invertible structure of cINN enables simultaneous approximation of complex nonlinear functions and simultaneous acquisition of the corresponding inverse functions. Consequently, both the nonlinear system model and the inverse model can be identified concurrently through cINN. Moreover, the identification performance of the cINN-based method is validated and applied to disturbance cancellation in a classical nonlinear simulation system. Finally, the inverse model of the actuator is identified by cINN, and the inverse model is applied to the nonlinear compensation of the actuator.
Flexible emulation of the climate warming cooling feedback to globally assess the maladaptation implications of future air conditioning use
Authors: Byers Edward , Meng Measrainsey , Mastrucci Alessio , van Ruijven Bas , Krey Volker 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Rising affluence and a warming climate mean that the demand for air conditioning (AC) is rising rapidly, as society adapts to climate extremes. Here we present findings from a new methodological framework to flexibly couple and emulate these growing demands into a global integrated assessment model (IAM), subsequently representing the positive feedbacks between rising temperatures, growth in cooling demand, and carbon emissions. In assessing global and regional climate change impacts on cooling energy demand, the emulator incorporates climate model uncertainties and can explore behavioural and adaptation-related assumptions on setpoint temperature and access to cooling. It is also agnostic to the emissions and climate warming trajectory, enabling the IAM to run new policy-relevant scenarios (Current Policies, 2 °C and 1.5 °C) with climate impacts that do not follow Representative Concentration Pathways. We find that climate model uncertainty has a significant effect, more than doubling the increase in electricity demand, when comparing the 95th percentile cases to the median of the climate model ensemble. Residential AC cooling energy demands are expected to increase by 150% by 2050 whilst providing universal access to AC would result in the order of a 400% increase. Depending on the region, under current policies and limited mitigation, climate change could bring in the order of 10%–20% higher cooling-related electricity demands by 2050, and approximately 50% by 2100. Set point temperature has an important moderating role—increasing internal set-point from 23 °C to 26 °C, approximately halves the growth in electricity demand, for the majority of scenarios and regions. This effect is so strong that the change in set point temperature to both residential and commercial sectors outweighs the growth in demand that would occur by providing universal access to AC by 2050 to the 40% of the global population who would otherwise not afford it.
Callose deficiency modulates plasmodesmata frequency and extracellular distance in rice pollen mother and tapetal cells
Authors: Somashekar Harsha , Takanami Keiko , Benitez-Alfonso Yoselin , Oishi Akane , Hiratsuka Rie , Nonomura Ken-Ichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Fertilization relies on pollen mother cells able to transition from mitosis to meiosis to supply gametes. This process involves remarkable changes at the molecular, cellular and physiological levels, including (but not limited to) remodelling of the cell wall. During the onset of meiosis, the cellulose content in the pollen mother cell walls gradually declines, with the concurrent deposition of the polysaccharide callose in anther locules. We aim to understand the biological significance of cellulose-to-callose turnover in pollen mother cells walls.

Methods
We carried out electron microscopic, aniline blue and renaissance staining analyses of rice flowers.

Key Results
Our observations indicate that in wild-type rice anthers, the mitosis-to-meiosis transition coincides with a gradual reduction in the number of cytoplasmic connections called plasmodesmata. A mutant in the Oryza sativa callose synthase GSL5 (Osgsl5-3), impaired in callose accumulation in premeiotic and meiotic anthers, displayed a greater reduction in plasmodesmata frequency among pollen mother cells and tapetal cells, suggesting a role for callose in maintenance of plasmodesmata. In addition, a significant increase in extracellular distance between pollen mother cells and impaired premeiotic cell shaping was observed in the Osgsl5-3 mutant.

Conclusions
The results suggest that callose-to-cellulose turnover during the transition from mitosis to meiosis is necessary to maintain cell-to-cell connections and optimal extracellular distance among the central anther locular cells. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the regulatory influence of callose metabolism during initiation of meiosis in flowering plants.