bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the interplay between host plant structural defences and origin on behavioural and life‐history traits of two Neotropical danaines
Authors: Ferreira Pedro Paulo da Silva , Mantuano Dulce , Campos Mateus Lorenzo Cavalcanti , Rodrigues Daniela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFactors that mediate insect herbivore sabotaging behaviour of host plant latex defences remain under debate. The most prominent hypothesis suggests that the anatomy of the host plant's laticifers determines trenching or vein‐cutting behaviour, but there are inconsistencies in the literature. In addition to latex, other plant defences have been shown to affect plant natural enemies, but experimental studies comparing the effects of multiple defences on herbivore performance and behaviour are scarce. In this study, we investigated the anatomy of the laticifers of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton (Apocynaceae), an exotic milkweed of southeastern Brazil, as well as the sabotaging behaviour of larvae of southern monarch, Danaus erippus (Cramer), and queen butterfly, Danaus gilippus (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) on this host plant. We also reviewed the sabotaging behaviour of larvae reared on the native milkweed Asclepias curassavica L. (Apocynaceae) from previous studies, as well as the description of the anatomy of its laticifers. As we found no correspondence between sabotaging behaviour of southern monarchs and queens and the anatomy of the host plants' laticifers, we tested whether structural defences of C. procera leaves (latex, waxes and trichomes) affected sabotaging behaviour and larval performance of southern monarch larvae. The structural barriers of this well‐defended host affected larvae in different ways: Southern monarchs developed more slowly on control leaves than on leaves from which wax had been removed, and only latex removal reduced the frequency of sabotaging behaviour. Regardless of the defence removal treatment, frequencies of trenching behaviour decreased and vein‐cutting behaviour increased as larvae developed. Overall, our results show that several factors in addition to the anatomy of laticifers affect sabotaging behaviour of southern monarchs and queens, including larval ontogeny, danaine species and latex outflow. This evidence suggests a behavioural plasticity in the sabotaging behaviour of larvae of both southern monarchs and queens.
Impact of fire exclusion and aspect on soil carbon fractions in Afromontane grasslands, Cathedral Peak, South Africa
Authors: Dlamini Lindokuhle X. , Kotzé Elmarie , Thevenot Mathieu , Feig Gregor T. , Mathieu Olivier , Lévêque Jean 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite the importance of South Africa's Afromontane grasslands for ecosystem services (water supply and biodiversity), soil organic carbon (SOC) research remains limited. These grasslands evolved with fire, and fire exclusion leads to native plant afforestation. This study investigated SOC fractions and origin to understand the impact of fire‐exclusion‐driven afforestation and aspect on SOC storage in Afromontane grasslands. This study in Cathedral Peak Research Catchments, initiated in the 1940s, compared an afforested fire‐excluded site (AF) to a periodically burnt (accidental fires, 2–5 years interval) grassland (PB) within the same catchment (Catchment‐IX). Additionally, it compared a south‐facing periodically burnt grassland (Catchment‐IX) to a north‐facing biennially burnt grassland (Catchment‐VI). Soil samples collected at soil‐depth increments (0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–20, 20–30, 30–60 and 60–100 cm) revealed that, within Catchment IX, PB had more topsoil SOC stocks and microbial activity than AF but similar active carbon (C) concentrations. As expected, δ13C values revealed that SOC in PB originates from C4 grasses, whilst it mostly originates from C3 plants in AF. The south‐facing slope (Catchment‐IX) had more SOC stocks, microbial activity and active C compared to the north‐facing slope (Catchment‐VI). Fire‐exclusion‐driven afforestation changed SOC input from roots to litter, thus reducing SOC storage. Cooler south‐facing slopes are better C reservoirs. Afromontane grasslands show greater potential for C sequestration than afforested systems.
Soil biological fertility evolution in a chronosequence under long‐term rice cultivation after land reclamation in China
Authors: Pan Jinhua , Wang Jin , Zhuang Shunyao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLand use significantly affects soil biological fertility through impacts on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. The present study investigated the effects of long‐term rice cultivation after tidal flat reclamation on soil C and N metabolism, microbial biomass and biological fertility. Eighteen composite topsoil (0–20 cm) samples were identified in a chronosequence of coastal reclamation areas (0–700 years old) in subtropical monsoon climate zone, namely tidal flat (T0), salt marsh soil (S10) and paddy soil (P50, P100, P300 and P700). Using ANOVA analysis, mono‐exponential regression model, and multiple linear regressions, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), cumulative C mineralization content (Ct) and N mineralization content (Nt), basal soil respiration (BSR) and microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN) in the P50‐P700 samples were significantly higher than those in the T0 and S10 samples, whereas C metabolic quotients (qCO2) in the P50‐P700 were significantly lower than those in the T0 and S10 samples. The time to steady state for SOM and TN are 357 years and 80 years, respectively; 133 and 221 years for Ct and Nt, respectively; and 318 and 183 years for MBC and MBN, respectively. Also, a soil biological fertility index (SBFI) was calculated on the basis of SOM, BSR, Ct, MBC, qCO2 and qCM. P100‐P300 samples had the highest SBFI score (28.7) and ranked in the class V (very high) of biological fertility, achieving steady‐state conditions after 146 years. SBFI was significantly positively correlated with SOM, TN, MBC, MBN, BSR, Ct and Nt, whereas it was significantly negatively correlated with pH, qCO2 and C mineralization quotient (qCM). MBC and qCM were two independent variables with considerable positive effects on SBFI. Long‐term rice cultivation could facilitate C and N accumulation and enhance biological fertility in soils via microbial activity, especially within 300 years. Our findings demonstrate that rice cultivation has the potential to enhance soil C and N accumulation. Carbon‐related SBFI is suitable for assessing soils under long‐term rice cultivation, mainly because the rice paddy field is an intensive and conservative system.
LGBTQ+‐affirming graduate education: Preparing and supporting future family court clinicians
Authors: Davis Lindsey Sank , Crain Emily E. , Sheridan McKenzie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual orientation and gender minority (LGBTQ+) youth and families have been under a social and legislative attack in the United States in recent years, marked by a stark increase in gender‐affirming care bans and religious rights cases before the U.S. Supreme Court. LGBTQ+ graduate students in mental health fields—particularly those who seek to work in family court settings—have specific needs that are often unmet in their educational and clinical training environments. Furthermore, the over‐representation of LGBTQ+ youth in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems necessitates specialized knowledge and skills that many clinicians and educators are currently lacking. This paper discusses the unique challenges facing LGBTQ+ graduate students and provides research‐based suggestions for professors, administrators, and supervising clinicians who seek to provide a holistic and humanizing educational experience that produces clinicians who can respond to the evolving needs of LGBTQ+ individuals in family court settings and beyond.
Patterns and drivers of atmospheric nitrogen deposition retention in global forests
Authors: Lin Quanhong , Zhu Jianxing , Wang Qiufeng , Zhang Qiongyu , Yu Guirui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractForests are the largest carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems, and the impact of nitrogen (N) deposition on this carbon sink depends on the fate of external N inputs. However, the patterns and driving factors of N retention in different forest compartments remain elusive. In this study, we synthesized 408 observations from global forest 15N tracer experiments to reveal the variation and underlying mechanisms of 15N retention in plants and soils. The results showed that the average total ecosystem 15N retention in global forests was 63.04 ± 1.23%, with the soil pool being the main N sink (45.76 ± 1.29%). Plants absorbed 17.28 ± 0.83% of 15N, with more allocated to leaves (5.83 ± 0.63%) and roots (5.84 ± 0.44%). In subtropical and tropical forests, 15N was mainly absorbed by plants and mineral soils, while the organic soil layer in temperate forests retained more 15N. Additionally, forests retained more than , primarily due to the stronger capacity of the organic soil layer to retain . The mechanisms of 15N retention varied among ecosystem compartments, with total ecosystem 15N retention affected by N deposition. Plant 15N retention was influenced by vegetative and microbial nutrient demands, while soil 15N retention was regulated by climate factors and soil nutrient supply. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of climate and nutrient supply and demand in regulating forest N retention and provides data to further explore the impacts of N deposition on forest carbon sequestration.
Sentiment and specters: The posthumous influence of animals and women in Marie Espérance von Schwartz's Gemma, oder Tugend und Laster (1877) and the late nineteenth‐century anti‐vivisection debate
Authors: Richards Anna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnimals enjoyed an active afterlife in late‐nineteenth‐century pro‐animal texts in Germany. Drawing on a number of primary texts and recent scholarship on the anti‐vivisection movement, this article argues that remembering, mourning, and haunting by animals is part of a gendered discourse on animal rights that is associated in particular with sentiment and with maternity. This is illustrated with reference to Marie Espérance von Schwartz's Gemma, oder Tugend und Laster (1877), a sentimental anti‐vivisection novella in which deceased animals and women return to punish their abusers or shore up the resistant stance of the living. Viewing Schwartz's fictional novella in the context of non‐fictional pro‐animal works, including Ernst Grysanowski's Die Vivisection, ihr wissenschaftlicher Werth und ihre ethische Berechtigung (1877) and Ignaz Bregenzer's Thier‐Ethik: Darstellung der sittlichen und rechtlichen Beziehungen zwischen Mensch und Thier (1894), allows me, by means of contrast, to highlight its gendered dimension.
Small stream floodplains have high conservation value for riparian carabid beetles but less for ground‐dwelling spiders
Authors: Bauspiess Peer , Kolb Sebastian , Joschko Tanja J. , Schulz Ralf , Schirmel Jens 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Floodplains along rivers and streams are characterised by a high habitat heterogeneity and a large biodiversity. However, floodplains are highly threatened by anthropogenic activities such as channelisation and bank enforcement of watercourses. While floodplains along rivers are well known for their importance for riparian biodiversity, the conservation value of floodplains along small streams is less understood.
We studied carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and ground‐dwelling spiders (Arachnida: Aranea) along forested small streams (~ up to 5 m width) in Rhineland‐Palatinate (Germany). We investigated 16 pairs of floodplains (natural stream sites with shallow bank and regular flooding events) and controls (deeply cut stream sites without regular flooding), where we sampled carabid beetles and spiders at different distances to the stream bank (0, 5 and 10 m).
We found that floodplains along small streams had contrasting value for carabid beetles and ground‐dwelling spiders. For carabid beetles, we observed several typical floodplain species and distinct species assemblages and 2.7 times more individuals across species of conservation concern in floodplain sites. Moreover, species richness and total number of individuals of carabid beetles were highest directly at the stream bank (0 m distance) of floodplains compared with the more distant locations, while the opposite was found for the control stream sites. The spider composition also differed between floodplains and control steam sites, but only one typical floodplain species was detected. Species richness and number of individuals in ground‐dwelling spiders were lower in floodplains than in control stream sites.
We conclude that the conservation value of floodplains of small streams is taxa‐dependent and that they appear less relevant for ground‐dwelling spiders but provide important habitats for riparian carabid beetles.
Unlocking the potential of uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis Cambess): exploring its rich chemical composition and varied biological activities for innovations in the food industry
Authors: Cargnin Mariana Aguiar , Rezzadori Katia , de Andrade Arruda Fernandes Isabela , Haminiuk Charles Windson Isidoro , Schmidt Franciny Campos 
Published: July 2024

SummaryEugenia pyriformis Cambess (uvaia), a native species of the Atlantic Forest ecosystem, has received limited attention in scientific investigations. Renowned for its distinctive organoleptic characteristics, this fruit is suitable for immediate consumption and industrial processing. Additionally, it is rich in vitamins and bioactive compounds, which offer potential health benefits. These bioactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds, have demonstrated antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This review consolidates recent research on uvaia, focusing on its chemical composition, biological activities, and potential applications within the food industry. It aims to lay the groundwork for future research and promote its recognition and utilisation in food production.
Women's welfare attitudes in South Korea
Authors: Huh Soo Yeon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany scholars argue that gender affects welfare attitudes: women support welfare policies more than men in most welfare societies. However, in South Korea, women tend to oppose welfare policies or show no gender gap in welfare attitudes. As welfare programs in South Korea are expanding, I investigate whether women's attitudes towards welfare policies have changed and if they differ based on self‐interest. I analysed welfare attitude data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS) for 2013 and 2022 using ordered logistic regression models, finding that women in South Korea supported almost all welfare policies less than men. However, in terms of income redistribution and free preschool and childcare service provision, there were no gender differences observed. Furthermore, cleavages among women were found regarding attitudes towards support for the unemployed and free preschool and childcare service provision based on self‐interest. Additionally, progressive women exhibited more supportive attitudes across all domains of welfare.
Destination selection and flight scheduling for regional airlines at slot‐constrained airports
Authors: Santini Alberto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present the problem of a regional airline based at a slot‐constrained airport, which must select a set of destinations to serve, how many flights per day to operate to each destination, at what time the flights take place and which aircraft operates each flight. Restricting ourselves to the special case of regional airlines, which fly round trips from a central hub, we are able to tackle the four above decisions jointly. By contrast, in the existing literature, these decisions are usually optimised separately for generic airline networks. To solve the proposed problem, we introduce two compact integer formulations: a three‐index and a two‐index formulation. This latter, however, only solves a relaxation of the original problem because it cannot guarantee that all constraints are respected. Therefore, we embed the two‐index formulation into an iterative algorithm which dynamically adds violated constraints. Computational experiments highlight the validity of this approach and provide insights into the characteristics of the solutions.
Engineering grain boundary energy with thermal profiles to control grain growth in SrTiO3
Authors: Muralikrishnan Vivekanand , Langhout Jackson , Delellis Daniel P. , Schepker Kristy , Krause Amanda R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of thermal history on grain boundary (GB) energy and the grain growth behavior of SrTiO3 at 1425°C. Two thermal profiles were explored: (1) a single‐step sintering at 1425°C for 1 h and (2) a two‐step profile with sintering completed at 1425°C for 1 h with an additional 10 h at 1350°C. Electron backscattered diffraction and atomic force microscopy were utilized to measure the grain size and GB energy distributions, respectively, for the samples before and after grain growth at 1425°C for 10 h. The two‐step profile exhibits fewer abnormal grains and a slower growth rate at 1425°C than the single‐step profile. Additionally, the two‐step sample comprises few high‐energy GBs and a narrow GB energy distribution, which suggests that it had a lower driving force for subsequent grain growth. The thermal profile was able to sufficiently change the growth rate such that the two‐step sample results in a finer grain size than observed for the single‐step sample after 10 h at 1425°C despite being exposed to elevated temperatures for almost twice as long. These results suggest that GB energy engineering through thermal profile modification can be used to control the grain growth rate and abnormal grain growth likelihood.
The (De‐)Europeanization of the Political Class in the European Parliament: A Longitudinal Analysis of Members of the European Parliament's Career Patterns (1979–2019)
Authors: Dodeigne Jeremy , Randour François , Kopsch Sophie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article presents a systematic empirical analysis of the career patterns of all 3634 members of the European Parliament (MEPs) who served in the European Parliament (EP) over the last 40 years (1979–2019). It explains how changes in the EP's structure of opportunities have shaped the development of MEPs' career patterns. First, we show that the development of a European political class is not a recent trend but that this process took place in the early days of the EP (as soon as in the 1984–1989 term), albeit with variance across political groups of the European Parliament (EPGs) and Member States. Second, we observe that the transformation of party systems and electoral volatility have been questioning the existence of the European political class. Overall, we conclude that legislative institutions are only as strong as the individuals who are called to serve them. Recent rises in the EP's turnover could ultimately undermine the EP's formal policy‐making capacity in the middle and long terms.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices toward cervical cancer screening among ethnic minorities in inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Zhao Feifei , Yan Haijun , Liu Yuhuan , Mu Xin , Wang Danchi , Du Jianxuan , Chen Jianghua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards cervical cancer screening among ethnic minorities in Inner Mongolia, China.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in Inner Mongolia between May and September, 2023, and recruiting participants undergoing dual‐cancer screening. Demographic characteristics and KAP status were assessed using a self‐administered questionnaire.ResultsA total of 533 valid questionnaires were collected, with 53.66% aged 40 years or younger. Mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 13.58 ± 5.41, 41.06 ± 4.53, and 13.35 ± 1.53, respectively. Positive associations were found between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.348, p < 0.001), knowledge and practice (r = 0.288, p < 0.001), and attitude and practice (r = 0.817, p < 0.001). Structural equation modelling confirmed direct positive associations between knowledge and attitude (path coefficient = 0.307, p < 0.001) and attitude and practice (path coefficient = 0.270, p < 0.001). Additionally, knowledge demonstrated an indirectly positive association with practice (path coefficient = 0.083, p = 0.007).ConclusionEthnic minorities in Inner Mongolia exhibit insufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and proactive practices toward cervical cancer screening. Implementing targeted educational initiatives is crucial to enhance their KAP.
New adhesive rehabilitation technique with indexed occlusal tabletops made by 3D printing technology
Authors: Jané‐Chimeno Luis , Gil Alfonso , Jaen‐Gutiérrez Rafael , Freire Patricia , Jané‐Chimeno Adela , Ruales‐Suárez Gerardo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn oral rehabilitation, a full mouth minimal invasive treatment can represent a major challenge for the patient and the dentist. The purpose of this article is to present a new technique to restore eroded teeth and recover the vertical dimension with a simple and predictable technique.Clinical ConsiderationsOcclusal tabletop restorations are a suitable conservative option to restore anatomy and vertical dimension augmentation but highly sensitive. The cementation of those restorations without stable landmarks, the cement excess removal, the insertion path, or the time needed are some of the difficulties can be faced. Now a days with the new CAD‐CAM techniques is possible to develop a new occlusal tabletop manufacturing alternative utilizing 3D‐printed technology by unifying the restorations with a customized connector that allows us to print several onlays at same time, as a single object, also being cemented at once.ConclusionsThis protocol reduces the technique sensitivity of a vertical dimension oral rehabilitation process, reduce the chair time, enhancing the patient‐comfort and delivers a unique way to restore dental lost anatomy as a definitive or temporary way with printing materials.Clinical SignificanceWith the advent of new CAD‐CAM 3D printing materials, which are increasingly versatile and gaining favor among clinicians, it is now possible to address complex clinical situations with greater predictability. This technology enables the development of treatment solutions that are both effective and efficient, consequently reducing clinical time for the patient.