bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful education for AEC professionals: case study of applying immersive game-like virtual reality interfaces
Authors: Pour Rahimian Farzad , Arciszewski Tomasz , Goulding Jack Steven 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background
Global competition and the transdisciplinary nature of evolving Architecture-Engineering-Construction (AEC) activities makes it progressively important to educate new AEC professionals with appropriate skill sets. These skills include the ability and capability of not only developing routine projects, but also delivering novel design solutions and construction processes (some of which may be unknown), to feasible, surprising, or potentially patentable solutions. For example, despite recent innovations in immersive visualisation technologies and tele-presence decision-support toolkits, the AEC sector as a whole has not yet fully understood these technologies, nor embraced them as an enabler.

Methods
Given this, this paper proposes a new approach for delivering education and training to address this shortcoming. This approach focuses on doing traditional (routine) work with creative thinking in order to address these challenges. This rationale is based on the principles of Successful Education as a new paradigm for engineering education, which is inspired by the Theory of Successful Intelligence, by the Medici Effect and Leonardo da Vinci’s Seven Principles. The paper presents the educating AEC professionals is presented the AEC sector. The Theory of Successful Intelligence and its three forms of intelligence (Practical, Analytical, and Creative), are supported by lessons learned from the Renaissance, including the Medici Effect and da Vinci’s Seven Principles.

Results
Based on these theoretical pillars, a new approach to educating AEC professionals is presented with a proof-of-concept prototype that uses a game-like virtual reality (VR) visualisation interface supported by Mind Mapping is introduced as an exemplar.

Conclusion
The developed interface in this study applies Game Theory to non-collocated design teams in accordance with Social Sciences Theory (social rules) and Behavioural Science Theory (decision making). It contributes by supporting new insights into AEC actor involvement, pedagogy, organisational behaviour, and the social constructs that support decision making.
Moving towards personalized medicine in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: de Jong Tamarah D , Vosslamber Saskia , Verweij Cornelis L 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo develop personalized medicine strategies for improvement of patient management in rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical and molecular properties of the individual patients need to be well characterized. A crucial step in this approach is to discover subgroups of patients that are characterized by a good or poor treatment outcome. Dennis and colleagues have identified distinct pretreatment gene expression profiles in affected synovial tissue specimens and a tissue type-related systemic protein pattern which are associated with a positive or negative clinical outcome to monotherapy with adalumimab (anti-TNFα) and tocilizumab (anti-IL-6 receptor). These observations assign biological pathways associated with response outcome and provide evidence for the existence of systemic, easy-to-measure predictive biomarkers for clinical benefit of these biologics.
Seismic envelope inversion and modulation signal model
Authors: Wu Ru-Shan , Luo Jingrui , Wu Bangyu 
Published: May 2014

We recognized that the envelope fluctuation and decay of seismic records carries ultra low-frequency (ULF, i.e., the frequency below the lowest frequency in the source spectrum) signals that can be used to estimate the long-wavelength velocity structure. We then developed envelope inversion for the recovery of low-wavenumber components of media (smooth background), so that the initial model dependence of waveform inversion can be reduced. We derived the misfit function and the corresponding gradient operator for envelope inversion. To understand the long-wavelength recovery by the envelope inversion, we developed a nonlinear seismic signal model, the modulation signal model, as the basis for retrieving the ULF data and studied the nonlinear scale separation by the envelope operator. To separate the envelope data from the wavefield data (envelope extraction), a demodulation operator (envelope operator) was applied to the waveform data. Numerical tests using synthetic data for the Marmousi model proved the validity and feasibility of the proposed approach. The final results of combined [Formula: see text] (envelope-inversion for smooth background plus waveform-inversion for high-resolution velocity structure) indicated that it can deliver much improved results compared with regular full-waveform inversion (FWI) alone. Furthermore, to test the independence of the envelope to the source frequency band, we used a low-cut source wavelet (cut from 5 Hz below) to generate the synthetic data. The envelope inversion and the combined [Formula: see text] showed no appreciable difference from the full-band source results. The proposed envelope inversion is also an efficient method with very little extra work compared with conventional FWI.
Sono-activatable Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Horiuchi Hiroaki , Kano Takayuki , Uehara Hiroki , Okutsu Tetsuo 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A carboxy tetraphenylporphyrin derivative formed aggregate by decreasing its pH, and suppressed its fluorescence and sensitization of singlet oxygen. This indicates that ON/OFF switching of the photosensitization can be achieved by aggregation and disaggregation of photosensitizers. To induce disaggregation, ultrasound was applied to the solution of the aggregate of photosensitizers, and disaggregation was confirmed by studying the fluorescence of the photosensitizer and phosphorescence of singlet oxygen sensitized. Thus this system works as a sono-activatable photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.
Palladium-catalyzed Cycloaddition of Aryl Silylethynyl Ethers with Isocyanates via o-C–H Cleavage
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Kanda Mayuko , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed cycloaddition of alkynyl aryl ethers with isocyanates proceeds through o-C–H activation to afford 2-methylidene-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one derivatives. Deuterium-labeling experiment shows that o-hydrogen is cleaved selectively and migrated to 2-methylidene moiety in the product. Various substrates are applied to this transformation to afford various substituted cycloadducts. 1,4-Bis(alkynoxy)benzenes can be used for the synthesis of multicondensed cycles to afford benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]bis[1,4]oxazine-3,8-dione derivatives.
Stress on the Ward: Evidence of Safety Tipping Points in Hospitals
Authors: Kuntz Ludwig , Mennicken Roman , Scholtes Stefan 
Published: May 2014

Do hospitals experience safety tipping points as utilization increases, and if so, what are the implications for hospital operations management? We argue that safety tipping points occur when managerial escalation policies are exhausted and workload variability buffers are depleted. Front-line clinical staff is forced to ration resources and, at the same time, becomes more error prone as a result of elevated stress hormone levels. We confirm the existence of safety tipping points for in-hospital mortality using the discharge records of 82,280 patients across six high-mortality-risk conditions from 256 clinical departments of 83 German hospitals. Focusing on survival during the first seven days following admission, we estimate a mortality tipping point at an occupancy level of 92.5%. Among the 17% of patients in our sample who experienced occupancy above the tipping point during the first seven days of their hospital stay, high occupancy accounted for one in seven deaths. The existence of a safety tipping point has important implications for hospital management. First, flexible capacity expansion is more cost-effective for safety improvement than rigid capacity, because it will only be used when occupancy reaches the tipping point. In the context of our sample, flexible staffing saves more than 40% of the cost of a fully staffed capacity expansion, while achieving the same reduction in mortality. Second, reducing the variability of demand by pooling capacity in hospital clusters can greatly increase safety in a hospital system, because it reduces the likelihood that a patient will experience occupancy levels beyond the tipping point. Pooling the capacity of nearby hospitals in our sample reduces the number of deaths due to high occupancy by 34%. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Effect of Arthropod Repellents on the Mechanical Properties of Common Materials Used by U.S. Service Members
Authors: Leddy Michael T. , Langdale Evan R. , Jasper Louis E. , Belkoff Stephen M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Arthropod-borne infectious diseases represent a serious threat to U.S. military personnel, and insect repellents are commonly used as the first line of defense against those illnesses. Recent feedback from the field suggests that currently provided repellents, which are based on N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), damage or alter some of the military-relevant materials. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of DEET and non-DEET repellents on the mechanical properties and appearance of commonly available synthetic materials (substrates) routinely used in military application. We measured the visual appearance, visible light transmittance, strength, and stiffness of four materials exposed or left unexposed to six repellents. Sheet materials were tested in four-point bending, and the thread material was tested in uniaxial tension. Some of the repellents significantly altered the strength and bending stiffness of the sheet material and reduced light transmission. The sheet materials tested are commonly used in lens applications, so the reduction in light transmission and visibility has practical implications. For the thread (Kevlar) material tested, two repellents significantly reduced thread strength. Kevlar is used in the manufacture of body armor, but it is unknown if a reduction in Kevlar strength reduces the protective value of the body armor.
Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of AA2219-T87 at Room Temperature
Authors: Sharma V. M. J. , Rao G. Sudarshan , Sharma S. C. , George Koshy M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The low cycle fatigue behavior of AA2219-T87 was studied at ambient temperature using fully reversed total strain controlled fatigue tests in longitudinal and transverse orientations. Tension-compression cyclic tests were carried out under total strain amplitude control with strain ratio Rε = −1 and at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. The total strain amplitude was varied from ±0.4 to ±1.5 %. The low cycle fatigue results were analyzed to determine the cyclic stress strain curves. The cyclic strain hardening parameters were evaluated from the cyclic stress–strain curves. Important fatigue parameters namely fatigue ductility coefficient, fatigue ductility exponent, and fatigue strength coefficient were evaluated. The material exhibited cyclic strain softening in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Analysis of the experimental results showed that the stress–strain hysteresis loops exhibited inflections in the first few cycles and the plastic strain amplitude versus fatigue-life plots exhibited bi-linear relationship. The geometry of hysteresis loops and the occurrence of Masing behavior are analyzed and found that the alloy in peak aged condition exhibited tendency towards Masing behavior.
Investigations of Nucleate Boiling Processes During Quenching Based on Possibilities of Noise Control System
Authors: Kobasko N. I. , Moskalenko A. A. , Deyneko L. N. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A new method for evaluating and control of the optimal concentration of water salt solutions is proposed which is based on the possibilities of sound control system. Water salt solutions as quenchants are used in the practice to intensify hardening processes. In this paper, it is shown that water salt solutions are used for low and medium carbon alloy steels to create high compressive residual stresses at the surface of steel parts and improve mechanical properties of steels. It is underlined that quenching in water salt solutions must be interrupted at the appropriate time to prevent crack formation during fast cooling. When interruption occurs at the surface of steel parts, compressive residual stresses are formed and self-tempering takes place. During this time, at the core, a bainitic structure is formed which has enough strength and high plastic properties to prevent crack formation at the core where tensile stresses could be. It is shown that salt solutions can be also used for quenching of big steel parts like rollers and rotors. The benefits from the technology proposed are discussed in this paper. In the future, organic salt solutions can be replaced by organic salt solutions which prevent corrosion completely.
Cooling Performance of Select Mineral Oil and Polymer Quenchants
Authors: Tiwary Vivek , Prabhu Narayan K. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In the present investigation, quench severity was determined for industrial oil quenchants and varying concentrations of PAG polymer. Viscosity, thermal conductivity, density, flash point, and fire point were measured for all quenchants. Cooling curve parameters were determined based on cooling curve analysis ISO/DIS 9950 technique. An Inconel 600 probe was used for this purpose. Severity of quenching was determined based on the Grossmann technique. Viscosity and thermal conductivity had a significant effect on quench severity. Heat flux and HTC at the metal/quenchant interface were computed by both lumped capacitance and Inverse modeling techniques. The effect of ultrasonic and Tensi agitation on cooling curve parameters was assessed. Polymer quenchants of lower concentrations showed marginally higher heat transfer rates compared to water particularly during unagitated condition.
Ring-opening polymerisation of ɛ-caprolactone catalysed by Brønsted acids
Authors: Yao Li-Hui , Shao Shuang-Xi , Jiang Lan , Tang Ning , Wu Jin-Cai 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTwo new Brønsted acids [2,2′-ethylidene-bis (4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)] phosphoric acid (EDBPPOOH) and (3,3′,5,5′-tetra-tert-butylbiphenyl-2,2′-diol) phosphoric acid (TBPO-POOH) were synthesised and fully characterised by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra and mass spectra. The ringopening polymerisation (ROP) of ɛ-caprolactone (ɛ-CL) catalysed by the two Brønsted acids proceeded at 110°C without a solvent or at ambient temperature in toluene. Experimental results indicated that the two Brønsted acids were efficient catalysts for the ROP of ɛ-CL with moderate number-average molar mass (Mn) and narrow polydispersity indices (PDI). The catalytic activity of TBPO-POOH is higher than EDBP-POOH in the ROP of ɛ-CL. After benzyl alcohol was added, it was able to accelerate the polymerisation process. The polymerisation can also occur with the addition of water with a monomer/catalyst/initiator mole ratio of 100: 1: 1. The living polymerisation was ascertained by the linear relationships of the Mn vs. monomer conversion, then it was further confirmed by a second-feed experiment of a double monomer producing double Mn. A kinetic study of the relationships between monomer concentration and time revealed a first-order dependence on monomer concentration in the polymerisation. End-group analysis of 1H NMR spectra and electrospray-ionisation mass spectra suggests that the two Brønsted acids are capable of catalysing and initiating the ROP of ɛ-CL.
How to redistribute? A critical examination of mechanisms to promote global wealth redistribution
Authors: Benshalom Ilan 
Published: May 2014

The literature on global redistributive justice deals primarily with the important, yet unresolved issues of why global wealth redistribution may be morally justified or beneficial. However, philosophers and economists who address these issues often do not address the question of how such redistribution should take place. This article seeks to rectify this deficiency and argues that, if a certain level of global wealth distribution is morally justified and, more importantly, beneficial, the question of how it should be promoted is far from trivial. In this context, the analysis opens a new discussion of what form of redistributive measures should be adopted in a multistate reality. The article analyses the potential distributive impact of international tax arrangements. It first explains how international tax arrangements, as an indirect method of redistribution, can promote global distributive objectives. It then assesses whether international tax arrangements offer a more effective global wealth redistribution mechanism when compared to other (indirect) alternatives such as fair trade, international labour, and environmental regulation. The article evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of different redistributive arrangements through the lenses of three criteria: the scope of redistribution, the efficiency of redistribution, and the political feasibility of redistribution. It concludes that, under certain plausible circumstances, international tax redistributive efforts would offer a more effective redistributive option compared to other alternatives.
Treat-and-Extend Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Rush Ryan B. , Simunovic Matthew P. , Aragon Antonio V. , Ysasaga J. Edward 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To determine the effectiveness and direct medical costs of treat-and-extend (TAE) intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for the treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO)–associated macular edema (ME).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective chart review of 52 consecutive patients diagnosed with BRVO-associated ME treated with IVB using a TAE protocol.

RESULTS:

Mean change in logMAR vision was −0.30 (
P
< .001), and mean change in central macular thickness was −244.0 μm (
P
< .001). The mean number of injections was 8.2 (95% CI; 7.8 to 8.6). The yearly average direct cost of the TAE regimen was calculated to be $2,580.26 per patient.

CONCLUSION:
Treatment of BRVO-associated ME with IVB using a TAE regimen resulted in similar visual outcomes and number of intravitreal injections as did as-needed treatment with 0.5 mg ranibizumab conducted in phase 3 trials but with fewer visits and lower annual medical costs.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:212–216.]
Benjamin : image, trace et politique
Authors: Vera Adolfo 
Published: May 2014

Si l’on part du constat que « l’effacement des traces » est l’un des effets les plus cruellement marquants des pratiques totalitaires, une philosophie politique attentive aux conséquences de la violence extrême devra nécessairement se pencher sur la question de la trace. Nous étudierons ici cette question par rapport à la théorie benjaminienne de la photographie, pour essayer de comprendre ce qui est énoncé à la fin de la Petite histoire de la photographie, au moment où Benjamin, en parlant des photos d’Atget, annonce la portée politique de la photographie à l’époque moderne : reconfigurer la scène d’un crime qui a été commis, et dont les traces ont été brouillées.
La moralité, le droit et la place de la critique : « La signification du temps dans le monde moral » de Walter Benjamin
Authors: Benjamin Andrew 
Published: May 2014

La critique, en tant que concept philosophique, doit être refondue lorsqu’elle est reliée à la possibilité d’une ouverture productive. Dans un tel contexte, la critique a une grande affinité avec la destruction et avec des formes d’inauguration. En travaillant au fil des écrits de Marx et de Walter Benjamin, et plus spécifiquement autour de « La signification du temps dans le monde moral »1 de Benjamin, la destruction et l’inauguration sont repositionnées en termes d’altérité et de césure de la permission.
Mort pour être photographié
Authors: Skopin Denis 
Published: May 2014

Cet article analyse, dans la perspective politique et esthétique, le phénomène de la destruction des visages des « ennemis du peuple » sur les photographies de groupe dans la Russie stalinienne. Il a pour base empirique les photographies découvertes par l’auteur au cours des recherches aux archives de plusieurs villes russes, ces photographies portant différentes traces, telles que les biffages ou les notes manuscrites laissées par les policiers staliniens. L’analyse de ces traces ouvre plusieurs pistes de réflexion, en rendant possible une interrogation conjointe sur la nature de la terreur et la signification politique de la photographie.
Il-1β and Reactive Oxygen Species Differentially Regulate Neutrophil Directional Migration and Basal Random Motility in a Zebrafish Injury–Induced Inflammation Model
Authors: Yan Bo , Han Peidong , Pan Lifeng , Lu Wei , Xiong Jingwei , Zhang Mingjie , Zhang Wenqing , Li Li , Wen Zilong 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
During inflammation, the proper inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils is crucial for the host to fight against infections and remove damaged cells and detrimental substances. IL-1β and NADPH oxidase–mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated to play important roles in this process. However, the cellular and molecular basis underlying the actions of IL-1β and ROS and their relationship during inflammatory response remains undefined. In this study, we use the zebrafish model to investigate these issues. We find that, similar to that of NADPH oxidase–mediated ROS signaling, the Il-1β–Myd88 pathway is required for the recruitment of neutrophils, but not macrophages, to the injury-induced inflammatory site, whereas it is dispensable for bacterial-induced inflammation. Interestingly, the Il-1β–Myd88 pathway is independent of NADPH oxidase–mediated ROS signaling and critical for the directional migration, but not the basal random movement, of neutrophils. In contrast, the NADPH oxidase–mediated ROS signaling is required for both basal random movement and directional migration of neutrophils. We further document that ectopic expression of Il-1β in zebrafish induces an inflammatory disorder, which can be suppressed by anti-inflammatory treatment. Our findings reveal that the Il-1β–Myd88 axis and NADPH oxidase–mediated ROS signaling are two independent pathways that differentially regulate neutrophil migration during sterile inflammation. In addition, Il-1β overexpressing Tg(hsp70:mil-1β_eGFP;lyz:DsRed2)hkz10t;nz50 transgenic zebrafish provides a useful animal model for the study of chronic inflammatory disorder and for anti-inflammatory drug discovery.