bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trypanosoma evansi Sialidase: Surface Localization, Properties and Hydrolysis of Ghost Red Blood Cells and Brain Cells-Implications in Trypanosomiasis
Authors: Nok Andrew J. , Nzelibe Humphrey C. , Yako Sarah K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A membrane-bound sialidase was isolated from blood stream (BS) Trypanosoma evansi partially purified and characterized. The enzyme is a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) membrane anchored protein. It was solubilized from T.evansi cells recovered from infected camel blood by detergent treatment with Triton CF 54 and partially purified by a series of chromatography steps. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 5.5 and 37 °C. It had a Kᴍ and Vmax values of 4.8 x 10-6ᴍ and 3.75 x 10-6 mol/min.mg protein with Neu5Acα2, 3lac as substrate respectively. The Kᴍ and Vmax values with fetuin (4-nitrophenyl-oxamic acid) as substrate were 2.9 x 10-2ᴍ and 4.2 \ 10-3 mol/min.mg protein in the same respect. Kinetic analysis with methly umbelliferyl sialate (MU-Neu5Ac) gave Kᴍ and Vmax values of 0.17 mᴍ and 0.84 mmol/min.mg protein respectively. The T. evansi SD could hydrolyse internally linked sialic acid residues of the ganglioside GM2 , but was inactive towards colomic acid, and Neu5Ac2, 6. lac. When ghost red blood cell (RBC) was used as substrate, it desialylated the RBC in the following order of efficiency; mouse, rat, camel, goat, and dog. Similarly, cerebral cells isolated from BalbC mouse was desialylated by the T. evansi SD.
Inhibition studies using 2-deoxy-2, 3 didehydro-N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NeuAc2, 3en) against MU-Neu5Ac revealed a competitive inhibition pattern with Ki of 5.8 μm. The enzyme was also inhibited non-competitively by parahydroxy oxamic acid (pHOA), and competitively by N-ethylmaleimide and N-bromosuccinate with Ki values of 25, 42, and 53 μm, respectively. It was activated by Mg2+ ion and inhibited by Cu2+ and Zn2+.
The First Occurrence in Nature of Two Compounds from Hops
Authors: Qu Yan , Ding Zhi-Hui , Liu Ji-Kai 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Two compounds, (p-methoxyphenyl) diphenylmethanol (1) and tribenzylamine (2), were isolated from Humulus lupulus. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral evidence (MS, IR, NMR, HMBC, HMQC, 1H-1H COSY experiments). Compounds 1 and 2 were found as natural products at the first time.
Floral Resin of Tovomitopsis saldanhae (Guttiferae) and 7-Epi-nemorosone: Structural Revision
Authors: Bittrich Volker , Amaral Maria do Carmo E. , Machado Samísia M. F. , Marsaioli Anita J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The floral resin of Tovomitopsis saldanhae (Guttiferae) is composed of poliisoprenylated benzophenone and the major constituent is 7-epi-nemorosone which has now been revised.
Chemical Constituents of the Basidiomycete Cortinarius umidicola
Authors: Hu Lin , Tan Jian-Wen , Liu Ji-Kai 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new natural pyridine derivative (3-aldehyde-2-amino-6-methoxypyridine, 1) together with (R)-glycidyl octadecanoate (2) and five ergostane-type sterols (3-7) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Cortinarius umidicola Kauffm. Their structures were established by spectral methods (MS, IR, 1D and 2D-NMR experiments).
Analysis of Essential Oil of Coridothymus capitatus (L.) and Its Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity
Authors: Goren Ahmet C. , Bilsel Gokhan , Bilsel Mine , Demir Huseyin , Kocabaş E. Esin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The water-distilled essential oil the leaves of Coridothymus capitatus were analyzed by GC/MS and also analyzed by direct thermal desorption GC/MS. Comparison was made between two analyses techniques. The essential oil consisted mainly of monoterpenes 98.9%, while oxygenated hydrocarbons were identified as 55.6% and non-oxygenated hydrocarbons as 43.6%. As major components were found carvacrol (35.6%), p-cymene (21.0%), thymol (18.6%), γ-terpinene (12.3%), α-terpinene (3.2%), β-myrcene (3.0%) and α-thujene (1.3%) by hydrodistillation and by the GC/MS method. The direct thermal desorption GC/MS analysis also showed the same major components, namely carvacrol (51.6%), thymol (21.7%), pcymene (9.7%) γ-terpinene (8.2%), α-terpinene (1.64%). The essential oil of C. capitatus showed strong activity against S. aureus, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumonia, B. subtilis, E. faecalis, S. epidermidis and C. albicans.
Synthesis of Montroumarin
Authors: Saeed Aamer 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A simple stereoselective synthesis of montroumarin [(3S)-6,8-dihydroxy-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin] isolated from Montrouziera sphaeroidea has been achieved. Condensation of benzoyl chloride with 3,5-dimethoxyhomophthalic acid afforded 6,8-dimethoxy-3-phenylisocoumarin (3) which on sequential saponification and esterification yielded the keto ester 5. Enantioselective reduction of the latter with baker’s yeast directly furnished the (3S)-6,8- dimethoxy-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin (6) in good enantioselectivity which on demethylation provided montroumarin. All of the synthesized compounds were examined in vitro for antifungal activity.
Bioactive Phenolics from Carthamus lanatus L.
Authors: Taskova Rilka , Mitova Maya , Mikhova Bozhanka , Duddeck Helmut 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Two flavonoid aglycons, eight flavonoid glycosides, chlorogenic acid and syringin were isolated from aerial parts of Carthamus lanatus. Isorhamnetin 3-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside and chlorogenic acid were found for the first time in the genus Carthamus and respectively, quercimeritrin, astragalin, kaempferol 3-O-β-ᴅ-sophoroside and syringin in the species. The ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract exhibited a higher antioxidant activity than the butanol fraction measured by the α,α-diphenyl-β-picrazylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities of the main constituent, luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside, were evaluated.
Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Galls of Rhus javanica Leaves and Their Effects on Insects
Authors: Kubo Isao , Kinst-Hori Ikuyo , Nihei Ken-Ichi , Soria Frida , Takasaki Midori , Calderón José S. , Céspedes Carlos L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
As a defense mechanism of the leaves of Rhus javanica (Anacardiaceae) against the aphid Melaphis chinensis (Aphididae) attack, tannic acid is rapidly accumulated and forms galls along the midrib of the leaves resulting in a unique natural medicine Gallae Rhois. Tannic acid was found to inhibit the oxidation of ʟ-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (ʟ-DOPA) catalyzed by tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) with an IC50 of 22 μᴍ. The aphid would detoxify the ingested toxic tannic acid to relatively nontoxic gallic acid, whereas the non-adapted pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella larvae are sensitive to the ingested tannic acid.
Biodegradation of Naphthalene by Free and Alginate Entrapped Pseudomonas sp.
Authors: Seoud Mahmoud Abou , Maachi Rachida 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Naphthalene degradation by freely suspended and immobilized cells of Pseudomonas sp. isolated from contaminated effluents has been investigated in batch cultures and continuously in a packed bed reactor. Naphthalene concentration was varied from 25 mᴍ to 75 mᴍ, the temperature (30 °C) and pH (7.0) were kept constant. The results showed good acclimation of the strain to carbon source and degradation rate was highly affected by initial concentration. Alginate-entrapped cells have given good yields although initial rates were not as high as those encountered with free cells. A first order exponential decay kinetic model was proposed with values of parameters for each initial concentration. A laboratory scale packedbed bioreactor was designed using parameters calculated above and continuous experiments were realized at different flow rates (100 to 200 ml/h), with different feed concentrations and operating during 30 days. The conversion at low feed concentrations and low flow rates was complete whereas at high flow rates and high concentrations it was less efficient because of diffusional limitations and short residence time.
Expression of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone GRP94 Gene in Ischemic Gerbil Brain
Authors: Kim Seung-Whan , Park Soojung , You Kwan-Hee , Kwon O-Yu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
GRP94 (glucose regulated protein 94) gene expression in the ischemic-hippocampus of gerbils, which was induced by a temporary occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries (CCAs), was tested by Northern blot analysis. The maximum GRP94 gene expression level was detected at the occipital lobe 10 min after the induction of ischemia. In the hippocampus, GRP94 gene expression reached a maximum 15 min after inducing ischemia. Following reperfusion, the maximum expression level was shown at 12 h and continuing thereafter.
A Novel Cyclopeptide from a Bacterium Associated with the Marine Sponge Ircinia muscarum
Authors: Mitova Maya , Tommonaro Giuseppina , De Rosa Salvatore 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new cyclotetrapeptide 1, together with three known cyclopeptides were isolated from the exo-cellular extract of Pseudomonas sp. a bacterium associated with the sponge Ircinia muscarum. The structure of 1 was suggested on the basis of spectroscopic analytical data and chemical degradation.
Antimicrobial Compounds of Fungi Vectored by Clusia spp. (Clusiaceae) Pollinating Bees
Authors: Bicalho Beatriz , Gonçalves Regina A. C. , Zibordi Ana Paula M. , Manfio Gilson P. , Marsaioli Anita J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The production of antimicrobial compounds by fungi associated with Clusia spp. pollinating bees (Trigona sp., Trigonini) was investigated in order to approach natural mechanisms of microbial density control within nest environment. By using a bioassay-guided approach based on bioautography and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), known α,β-dehydrocurvularin and curvularin were isolated from Curvularia eragrostidis (CCT 5634) and Curvularia pallescens (CCT 5654), and known cochlioquinone A and isocochlioquinone A were isolated from Drechslera dematioidea (CCT 5631).
Quantitative Analysis of Flavonoids in the Flowers and Leaves of Ficaria verna Huds.
Authors: Tomczyk Michał , Gudej Jan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The quantitative determination of flavonoid compounds in flowers and leaves of Ficaria verna Huds. (Ranunculaceae) was carried out in different growing seasons of the plant, using Christ-Müller’s method (Polish Pharmacopoeia, 1999) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis after acid hydrolysis. The flavonoid content was much higher in flowers than in leaves.
Antiradical Activity of Hydrolyzed and Non-hydrolyzed Extracts from Helichrysi inflorescentia and its Phenolic Contents
Authors: Sroka Zbigniew , Kuta Iwona , Cisowski Wojciech , Dryś Andrzej 
Published: February 2015

A methanol extract was obtained from defatted (petroleum ether) inflorescence of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench (perennial herb native to Middle and Southeast Europe). The extract was evaporated under reduced pressure and the dry residue was dissolved in hot water. The aqueous solution was stored for 6 d at 4 °C and the precipitate discarded. The remaining solution was divided into three aliquots a, b and c. Part a was extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain extract (A), part b was extracted with diethyl ether to obtain extract (B) and part c was subjected to alkaline hydrolysis and then extracted with diethyl ether to obtain extract (C). Extracts (A), (B) and (C) were evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain the dry residues A, B and C which were further investigated for phenolic compound content by TLC and HPLC and for antiradical activity with 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) as a substrate.
Residue C exhibited stronger antiradical properties than non-hydrolysed residues A and B. HPLC analysis showed a great increase of caffeic acid in residue C.
We concluded that the hydrolysis process led to a significant increase of free caffeic acid (strong antioxidant) concentration resulting in increased antiradical activity of residue C.
Exudate Flavonoids of Eight Species of Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae)
Authors: Wollenweber Eckhard , Dörr Marion , Bohm Bruce A. , Roitman James N. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Leaf glands of Ceanothus species excrete a lipophilic material that contains a variety of flavonoids. Most of these are aglycones, but some glycosides were also observed. Seven out of eight species exhibit flavonols, whereas flavones are excreted by only one species. Four species produce flavanones and dihydroflavonols; one excretes a remarkable quantity of flavonol glycosides. The exudate flavonoids thus form different patterns that might be characteristic for different Ceanothus species.
Antioxidant Metabolites from Limonium brasiliense (Boiss.) Kuntze
Authors: Murray Ana P. , Rodriguez Silvana , Frontera María A. , Tomas María A. , Mulet María C. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A free radical scavenging activity guided fractionation of the polar extract from roots of Limonium brasiliense (Plumbaginaceae) led to the isolation of five active compounds including: myricetin 3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (1), (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (2), (-)-epigallocatechin (3), (+)-gallocatechin (4) and gallic acid (5). These and other chemical constituents are reported for the first time for this species. The characterization of these compounds was achieved by spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, 13C NMR and UV).
Immunomodulating Polysaccharide Fractions of Menyanthes trifoliata L.
Authors: Kuduk-Jaworska Janina , Szpunar Joanna , Gąsiorowski Kazimierz , Brokos Barbara 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Looking for new plant sources of immunomodulating agents polysaccharide-rich fractions (PS) from Menyanthes trifoliata L. (Menyanthaceae) have been isolated. The herb of Menyanthes trifoliata L. was sequentially extracted with water, 0.1 м NaOH, 8% CH3COOH, and 1 м NaOH. After dialysis and resolution on Biogel P-10 four homogenic (B-4, B-5, C-4, D-5) and two nonhomogenic (A-3 and D-4) PS were isolated. About 0.5% of PS over 3500 Da were found in the dry plant material. They were characterized through chemical analysis, NMR and vibrational spectroscopy. Speciation analysis of chosen metal/metaloid elements was performed and an exceptionally high concentration of Se was found in PS of a pure water extract (A-3). The biological tests on the immunomodulating influence with human blood-derived lymphocytes and granulocytes revealed that two fractions, B-4 and B-5, were strong stimulators of immune cells, whereas fractions D-5 and A-3 were found as potent suppressive and anti-inflammatory agents. The applied isolation procedures led to the separation of active compounds into stimulatory and inhibitory fractions.
A New Heptasubstituted (E)-Aurone Glucoside and Other Aromatic Compounds of Gomphrena agrestis with Biological Activity
Authors: Ferreira Eliane O. , Salvador Marcos J. , Pral Elizabeth M. F. , Alfieri Silvia C. , Ito Izabel Y. , Dias Diones A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new aurone 1 and two known substances, aurantiamide acetate (2) and tiliroside (3), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of Gomphrena agrestis. The structural determination of 1 was based on spectroscopic and spectrometric data. The substance was defined as (E)-3′- O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosyl-4,5,6,4′-tetrahydroxy-7,2′-dimethoxyaurone. Biological activity of the ethanolic crude extract and isolated compounds against bacteria, fungi and Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes was evaluated. This appears to be the first report documenting aurone and aurantiamide compounds in the Amaranthaceae family. In the evaluation of biological activity the ethanolic extract of G. agrestis and compounds 1, 2, and 3 were shown to be active mainly against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Umbelliprenin from Ferula persica Roots Inhibits the Red Pigment Production in Serratia marcescens
Authors: Iranshahi Mehrdad , Shahverdi Ahmad R. , Mirjani Roohollah , Amin Gholamreza , Shafiee Abbas 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The chloroform extract of Ferula persica var. persica roots was found to inhibit red pigment production of Serratia marcescens. A bioguided fractionation study by preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) detected a fraction (Rf = 0.71, petroleum ether/EtOAc, 2:1 v/v), which was effective on depigmentation of Serratia marcescens. Using conventional spectroscopy methods, the active fraction was identified as umbelliprenin. Neither the chloroform extract nor the isolated umbelliprenin fraction showed any antibacterial activity against the test strain at a certain concentration. In contrast, they exhibited depigmentation zones on culture plates.
Phenolic Compounds and Flavonoids as Plant Growth Regulators from Fruit and Leaf of Vitex rotundifolia
Authors: Yoshioka Takeo , Inokuchi Tomohisa , Fujioka Shozo , Kimura Yasuo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Five phenolic compounds, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (1), vanillic acid methyl ester (2), 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (3), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4) and ferulic acid (5), and four flavonoids, 5,5′-dihydroxy-4′,6,7-trimethoxyflavanone (6), luteolin (7), vitexicarpin (8) and artemetin (9), were isolated from fruits and leaves of Vitex rotundifolia L. The biological activities of these nine compounds have been examined using a bioassay with lettuce seedlings.
Analysis of Rhioxma Curcumae Aeruginosae Volatiles by Solid-phase Microextraction with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sha Yun F. , Shen Shun , Duan Geng L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In this paper, a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method was applied to analyse the volatile compounds in a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Rhioxma Curcumae Aeruginosae. SPME parameters such as fibers, extraction temperature, extraction time and desorption time were investigated. Thirty-five volatile compounds were separated and identified. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 8.4%, showing that the method has a good reproducibility. The volatile constituents were also analyzed by steam distillation (SD) and thirty-seven compounds were identified. The similar results obtained by the two methods showed that SPME is a good alternative for the analysis of volatile constituents in Rhioxma Curcumae Aeruginosae samples and it is a relatively simple, rapid and solvent-free method.
The Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthase Is Inhibited by Chloroacetamides
Authors: Götz Thomas , Böger Peter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The first elongation step to form very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) is catalyzed by the VLCFA-synthase. CoA-activated fatty acids react with malonyl-CoA to condense a C2-unit. As shown with recombinant enzyme this reaction is specifically inhibited by chloroacetamide herbicides. The inhibition is alleviated when the inhibitor (e.g. metazachlor) is incubated together with adequate concentrations of the substrate (e.g. oleoyl-CoA). Malonyl-CoA has no influence. However, once a chloroacetamide has been tightly bound to the synthase after an appropriate time it cannot be displaced anymore by the substrate. In contrast, oleoyl- CoA, is easily removed from the synthase by metazachlor. The irreversible binding of the chloroacetamides and their competition with the substrate explains the very low half-inhibition values of 10-8 м and below. Chiral chloroacetamides like metolachlor or dimethenamid give identical results. However, only the (S)-enantiomers are active.
Genomic Relations among Two Non-mangrove and Nine Mangrove Species of Indian Rhizophoraceae
Authors: Mukherjee Arup Kumar , Acharya Laxmikanta , Panda Pratap Chandra , Mohapatra Trilochan , Das Premananda 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to study the genomic relationship among 11 members of Indian Rhizophoraceae represented by nine true mangroves and two non-mangrove species. The AFLP and RAPD bands were scored and analyzed for genetic similarities and cluster analysis was done which separated the 11 species studied into two main groups, the true mangroves and the non-mangroves. The polymorphism observed for these markers showed a high degree of genetic diversity among the constituent taxa of the family. The phylogenetic relationship inferred from molecular marker systems supported the traditional taxonomic classification of the family Rhizophoraceae based on morphological characters at the levels of tribe, phylogeny and delimitation of genera and species, except the intra-generic classification of the genus Bruguiera and the placement of Rhizophora in the family Rhizophoraceae.
New Products of Defense Secretion in South East Asian Whip Scorpions (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida)
Authors: Haupt Joachim , Müller Frank 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Secretion products from the opisthosomal defense gland of south east Asian whip scorpions were identified for the first time by gas-chromatography and mass-spectrometry. Specimens of the genera Hypoctonus, Typopeltis and Ginosigma were tested. While some ingredients are present in large concentrations, others are possibly only side products and may be synthesized more incidentally. For this reason no important functional role is attributed to them. There are considerable individual differences concerning the concentrations of various ingredients. While the secretion products of most species of the genus Typopeltis - similar to Mastigoproctus - are characterized by acetic and octanoic acid in large concentrations, the secretion product of Hypoctonus siamensis provides octanoic acid only in a very low concentration but it is characterized by hexyl acetate.
Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Mediated Enzyme Activity by Alkylphosphocholines
Authors: Haehner Thomas , Massing Ulrich , Diesinger Torsten , Müller-Enoch Dieter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The inhibitory potency of four alkylphospholipids: rac-1-O-phosphocholine-2-hydroxy-octadecane (rac-2-OH), rac-1-O-phosphocholine-2-O-acetyl-octadecane (rac-2-O-acetyl), rac-1- O-phosphocholine-2-amino-octadecane (rac-2-NH2) and rac-1-O-phosphocholine-2-N-acetyloctadecane (rac-2-N-acetyl), on the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activity has been evaluated. The IC50 values of the alkylphosphocholines with 7-ethoxycoumarin as substrate in liver microsomal fractions of PB-treated rats and with a reconstituted CYP2B1: NADPH-P450-reductase system are in the range of 3.2D5.0 μм and 2.8D3.5 μм, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plots with the inhibitors in concentrations that were found to cause roughly a 50% inhibition and with 7-ethoxycoumarin as substrate revealed for all four alkylphospholipids a competitive inhibition type. The degree of the competitive inhibition is quantified by the Ki values. With liver microsomal fractions of PB-treated rats, the Ki values of rac-2-OH (Ki = 1.36 μм) and rac-2-O-acetyl (Ki = 1.33 μm) differs slightly from those of rac-2-NH2 (Ki = 2.2 μм) and rac-2-N-acetyl (Ki = 2.2 μм), but with the reconstituted CYP2B1: NADPHP450- reductase system all Ki values are in the small range of 1.8 D 2.6 μм, indicating that the short substituted group at the 2-position (OH; O-acetyl; NH2; N-acetyl) of the long chain octadecanol part of the phosphodiesters exhibit no essential role on the strong inhibitory potency of these alkylphosphocholines on the 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase activity.
Thymol Derivatives from a Root Culture of Inula helenium
Authors: Stojakowska Anna , Malarz Janusz , Kisiel Wanda 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A root culture of Inula helenium L. was established from leaf explants of aseptic seedlings. An ethanol extract from the lyophilised roots was fractionated using different chromatographic techniques (CC, TLC). The main secondary metabolites found in the root culture were two thymol derivatives: 10-isobutyryloxy-8,9- epoxy-thymol isobutyrate (1) and 10-isobutyryloxy-6- methoxy-8,9-epoxy-thymol isobutyrate (2). The compounds were identified by spectral methods. Quantification of compound 1 in plant material was done by analytical RP-HPLC.