bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 3: Covalent modification of Scots pine sapwood with substituted benzoates providing resistance to Aureobasidium pullulans staining fungi
Authors: Namyslo Jan C. , Kaufmann Dieter E. , Mai Carsten , Militz Holger 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The development of appropriate chemical precursors that can covalently functionalize natural wood aims at efficient restriction of deterioration. Biological staining experiments were performed with veneer pieces made of sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) that had previously been chemically modified with substituted benzoates. Based on the recently published protocol on esterification of wood by means of 1H-benzotriazole activation, the quantity of covalently bonded organomaterials (QCOs), a recently defined advantageous value considering the individual molecular weight of the functionalizing organochemical groups, was obtained in the range of 0.9–1.5 mmol g-1. The modified wood was analyzed by attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy. Modification with three electronically different benzoates clearly reduced the colonization of the specimen’s surfaces by the blue stain fungus Aureobasidium pullulans but did not fully prevent it. The degree of colonization appeared to decrease with increasing QCO values of the modification agents but apparently did not strongly depend on the additional functionality of the benzoate.
Does How Students Serve Matter? What Characteristics of Service Programs Predict Students’ Social Justice Attitudes?
Authors: Littenberg-Tobias Joshua 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVolunteering is often touted as a method to educate college students about social justice by providing students with an opportunity to apply classroom knowledge in a real-world setting. However, many critics have noted that service does not necessarily lead to social justice outcomes and that some forms of service may reinforce students’ negative misconceptions. This analysis estimated the relationship between different service program characteristics and changes in students’ attitudes towards social justice. It found that volunteer programs that were more time-intensive, included reflection, and had a social justice orientation exhibited a stronger relationship with students’ social justice attitudes than other types of volunteer programs. These findings suggest that college students who participate in these types of programs may develop stronger social justice attitudes than students who volunteer through other types of service programs.
Professors’ Influence on Students’ Beliefs, Values, and Attitudes in the Classroom
Authors: Emmanuel Glory , Delaney Harold 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article reviews how psychology research has defined beliefs, values, and attitudes (BVAs); how they relate to each other; and how they may be influenced, especially in the academic setting. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the nature of and the interrelationships between BVAs, (b) discuss their relevance to the academic environment, and (c) explore how the knowledge and understanding of the role of BVAs may enhance student learning. One area of influence is the nature of a power differential. The presence of a power differential may influence individuals of a lower stratum to alter their BVAs so that they are more closely aligned to their respected superior. One example of this power differential is the professor-student relationship. Focus will be directed to how the BVAs of undergraduate college students may be influenced by the classroom setting as nurtured by the professor.
Childhood obesity and eating behaviour
Authors: Obregón Ana María , Pettinelli Paulina P. , Santos Jose Luis 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe prevalence of childhood obesity has increased substantially in the recent decade as a result of the reduction in physical activity and the availability of high-fat and high-energy-density foods which the paediatric population faces daily. Although children are highly exposed to these foods, there is a wide variation in body weight, suggesting the presence of different patterns of response to an “obesogenic” environment. This wide variability from the point of view of eating behaviour involves a number of social issues (e.g., food availability, cost) as well as genuine behavioural traits such as the response to satiety, energy compensation, eating rate, responsiveness to food, food reward and dietary preferences. This article reviews the main physiological variables related to energy intake affecting eating behaviour in the paediatric population.
Turner syndrome patients with bicuspid aortic valves and renal malformations exhibit abnormal expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)
Authors: Jevalikar Ganesh S. , Zacharin Margaret , White Mary , Yau Steven W. , Li Winnie , Ijspeert Charlotte , Russo Vincenzo C. , Werther George A. , Sabin Matthew A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe analyzed mRNA expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in patients with Turner syndrome (TS) and examined its association with phenotypic features.XIAP mRNA expression levels were investigated in 98 patients with TS in total RNA extracted from blood leucocytes by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Levels of XIAP mRNA were significantly lower in patients with bicuspid aortic valves (BAV; n=13) than those without (log XIAP –1.17±0.3 vs. –0.94±0.2, p=0.002). Significantly higher expression of XIAP mRNA was seen in patients with a mosaic karyotype and renal malformations (log XIAP –0.79±0.3 vs. –1.0±0.3, p=0.03). No correlations were seen between XIAP and other manifestations.Abnormal expression of XIAP may be an important underlying mechanism in the development of BAV and renal malformations in TS. However, abnormal XIAP mRNA expression, as determined from peripheral mononuclear cells, does not appear to explain all the somatic and visceral stigmata of TS.
Multilingualism in European workplaces
Authors: Gunnarsson Britt-Louise 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis state-of-the-art article includes a review of past and recent studies on multilingualism at work in European environments. One aim is to provide the reader with a cross-cultural picture of workplace studies on various languages in Europe, another to discuss both positive and problem-based accounts of multilingualism at work. The overview covers studies on workplace interaction in multilingual regions in Europe, on English as a lingua franca workplaces, on cross-cultural encounters in global businesses, and on workplaces with workforce diversity. The conditions for workplace discourse in Europe have been influenced by a series of changes taking place in recent decades. Globalization and technological advances have created new types of cross-cultural networks, at the same time as political changes and turmoil have led to migration and new and more complex multilingual workplaces throughout Europe. In the discussion section, the scope is enlarged and workplace discourse is related to various contextual frameworks. Finally, some key topics for future studies are sketched.
Linguistic diversity in the international workplace: Language ideologies and processes of exclusion
Authors: Lønsmann Dorte 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article draws on a study of language choice and language ideologies in an international company in Denmark. It focuses on the linguistic and social challenges that are related to the diversity of language competences among employees in the modern workplace. Research on multilingualism at work has shown that employees may be excluded from informal interactions and from access to power structures on the basis of language skills in the company’s language(s). The data discussed here show that in the modern workplace, employees’ linguistic competences are diverse; international employees often have competence in the company’s lingua franca but lack skills in the local language while some ‘local’ employees lack competence in the corporate language (typically English). This can lead to the sociolinguistic exclusion of either group. In conclusion, the article relates these processes of exclusion to two language ideologies: one about an essential connection between language and nation and one about a hierarchy of English users.
Macro- and Meso-scale Mechanical Behavior of Caissons During Sinking
Authors: Zhao Xueliang , Xu Jian , Mu Baogang , Li Bing 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Caissons are often used as the foundation of important structures. The sinking process of a caisson has a significant effect on its serviceability. In this study, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were performed to study the macro- and meso-scale mechanical behaviors of caissons during sinking. Earth pressures near the toe of the caisson during sinking were measured. Particle movements and coordinate numbers were investigated to explain the distribution of earth pressure on the caisson from the meso-scale viewpoint. The region affected by the sinking process was fitted by a parabolic function. Soil arching and rotation of principal stress were found to be the important mechanisms affecting the mechanical behaviors of caissons during sinking. A numerical solution is proposed and is shown to offer a good approximation of the earth pressure on a caisson. The results of this paper are supposed to be useful for the design and construction of caissons in practice.
Visualizing the Engram: Learning Stabilizes Odor Representations in the Olfactory Network
Authors: Shakhawat Amin MD. , Gheidi Ali , Hou Qinlong , Dhillon Sandeep K. , Marrone Diano F. , Harley Carolyn W. , Yuan Qi 
Published: November 2014

The nature of memory is a central issue in neuroscience. How does our representation of the world change with learning and experience? Here we use the transcription ofArcmRNA, which permits probing the neural representations of temporally separated events, to address this in a well characterized odor learning model. Rat pups readily associate odor with maternal care. In pups, the lateralized olfactory networks are independent, permitting separate training and within-subject control. We use multiday training to create an enduring memory of peppermint odor. Training stabilized rewarded, but not nonrewarded, odor representations in both mitral cells and associated granule cells of the olfactory bulb and in the pyramidal cells of the anterior piriform cortex. An enlarged core of stable, likely highly active neurons represent rewarded odor at both stages of the olfactory network.Odor representations in anterior piriform cortex were sparser than typical in adult rat and did not enlarge with learning. This sparser representation of odor is congruent with the maturation of lateral olfactory tract input in rat pups. Cortical representations elsewhere have been shown to be highly variable in electrophysiological experiments, suggesting brains operate normally using dynamic and network-modulated representations. The olfactory cortical representations here are consistent with the generalized associative model of sparse variable cortical representation, as normal responses to repeated odors were highly variable (∼70% of the cells change as indexed byArc). Learning and memory modified rewarded odor ensembles to increase stability in a core representational component.
Developmental Ethanol Exposure Leads to Dysregulation of Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Drosophila
Authors: Logan-Garbisch Theresa , Bortolazzo Anthony , Luu Peter , Ford Audrey , Do David , Khodabakhshi Payam , French Rachael L 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Ethanol exposure during development causes an array of developmental abnormalities, both physiological and behavioral. In mammals, these abnormalities are collectively known as fetal alcohol effects (FAE) or fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). We have established a Drosophila melanogaster model of FASD and have previously shown that developmental ethanol exposure in flies leads to reduced expression of insulin-like peptides (dILPs) and their receptor. In this work, we link that observation to dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism and lipid accumulation. Further, we show that developmental ethanol exposure in Drosophila causes oxidative stress, that this stress is a primary cause of the developmental lethality and delay associated with ethanol exposure, and, finally, that one of the mechanisms by which ethanol increases oxidative stress is through abnormal fatty acid metabolism. These data suggest a previously uncharacterized mechanism by which ethanol causes the symptoms associated with FASD.
Breast diagnosis: Concordance analysis between the BI-RADS classification and Tsukuba sonoelastography score
Authors: Duma Maria Magdalena , Chiorean Angelica Rita , Chiorean Marco , Bolboaca Sorana Daniela , Florea Madalina , Feier Diana Sorina , Rusu Georgeta Mihaela , Sfrangeu Silviu Andrei 
Published: November 2014

Aims. To establish the correlations between the ultrasound (US) BI-RADS classification and Tsukuba elastography score when assessing breast lesions. To determine which type of breast lesion (BI-RADS category) would benefit most from an elastographic assessment.Patients and Methods. The investigated sample of imaging comprised a number of 129 images belonging to 92 subjects examined with a Hitachi 8500 US device. Each lesion was assessed according to the BI-RADS and Tsukuba elastography score. Histopathology was obtained by means of percutaneous biopsy or post-surgery. Fibroadenoma-like lesions unchanged over a period of 3 years were considered benign.Results. The 1, 2 and BGR Tsukuba scores mostly correlated with BI-RADS II and III lesions such as cysts, hamartomas, lipomas, hematomas, non-palpable fibroadenomas. Palpable fibroadenomas initially included in BI-RADS IVa/b category, usually received benign elasticity scores (1 or 2), the exception being represented by a minority of cases of old, fibrotic or calcified lesions (elastic score 3 or 4). Non-specific BI-RADS IVa/b lesions, such as mastopathic nodules demonstrated rather soft, elastic properties on elastogram (score 1 or 2). The 4 and 5 Ueno-Itoh scores were predominantly correlated with BI-RADS IVc and V categories represented by high risk lesions (radial scar, papillomas, atypical epithelial ductal hyperplasia) and in situ or invasive carcinomas.Conclusions. Generally the BI-RADS classification correlates well with the Tsukuba elasticity score, the main exception being represented by fibrotic, calcified lesions which falsely appear more suspicious post-elastography. BI-RADS III and IV lesions would benefit most from an elastographic assessment, a low Tsukuba score allowing a less invasive approach, while a high score imposes histopathological evaluation.
An Arabic Manuscript on the History of Iṣlāḥ and Irshād ‘Revolution’ in Indonesia
Authors: Abushouk Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: November 2014

This article deals with an Arabic manuscript written in 1960s by a Ḥaḍramī migrant settled in Indonesia and kept in circulation up to the present time. The purpose of this article is to give a textual analysis of the manuscript and assess its contribution to the history of the Ḥaḍramī migration to the Netherlands East Indies and the Ḥaḍramī awakening that took its shape in the first half of the twentieth century. The manuscript’s contents are systemically assessed and placed in their historical context while being compared with the available primary sources in the field. This content analysis approach enables the author to examine the reliability, objectivity and comprehensiveness of the manuscript in terms of its input to the modern history of the Ḥaḍramī diaspora in Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v21i2.1040
Ḥuqūq al-insān wa al-dīmūqrātīyah wa dawr al-mujtama‘ al-madanī bi Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Yakin Ayang Utriza 
Published: November 2014

This article discusses the issue of human rights and its relation to democracy. The paper attempts to elaborate on the concepts and principles of democracy that are an absolute prerequisite for the respect of human rights in Indonesia. Without there being an established democracy in the country, then, certainly, respect for and enforcement of human rights would never have materialized. The article will also explain the democratization movement in Indonesia and the role of civil society, including actors such as non-government organizations (NGOs), the mass media/press and religious organizations, in the enforcement of human rights and democracy. This paper hopes to provide a thorough contribution to the understanding and recognition of democratic principles and of democracy, itself, in making available space for the respect of and enforcement of human rights, including through the role of civil society.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v21i2.1042
Music Therapy and Eating Disorders- A Single Case Study about the Sound of Human Needs
Authors: Bauer Susanne 
Published: November 2014

In this article, I reflect on a music therapy intervention realized many years ago, with a young woman who had the diagnosis of Bulimia Nervosa. The concepts to which I will refer are the concept of resource orientated psychotherapy and the Bernese concept of need adapted -and motivational attunement (Grawe, 1998; Grawe and Grawe-Gerber, 1999; Stucki and Grawe, 2007). I re-viewed one of my cases, Ms. H., following some of the ideas developed by the authors. I discovered various moments of interest, which made me think in terms of a Need Adapted Music Therapy process. Therefore, in the presentation of the case, besides talking about the patient’s eating disorder I want to point out her basic needs and how she demanded for them to be met symbolically during shared improvisational moments with the music therapist. And even if the therapist did not have the mentioned concepts in her mind at the time, it seems as if patient and therapist met quite often in this kind of “silent space of needs”.
An Overview of Research in the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music
Authors: Grocke Denise Elizabeth 
Published: November 2014

Parallel with the development of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM), Helen Bonny was also involved in research studies at the Baltimore Psychiatric Research Centre. This article follows the development of research studies in the Bonny Method of GIM from the 1970s to the present day. Some studies, particularly those focussing on medical conditions, utilize a quantitative framework in which measurement of variables is the cornerstone. Other studies have focussed on a qualitative paradigm where the focus is on the experience of participants receiving the Bonny Method of GIM. Further, many studies now use adaptations of the original form, either because the client group requires shorter programs, or different music, or because the therapist modifies GIM to provide a different experience to that of the individual 1.5+ hour session. These adaptations are also addressed in this article. Finally, researchers have explored the music used in the Bonny Method of GIM from different perspectives, either by analyzing the structure of the music, or measuring how the music effects imagery creation, or physiological measures of the body. What is evident from this overview of research is that many studies are done at Master’s and PhD level, or conducted by a team of researchers. There is great diversity in what has been researched to date, indicating that research will continue to be an important aspect of GIM practice.
Helen Bonny as Teacher, Mentor and Supervisor
Authors: Justice Roberta Wigle 
Published: November 2014

Six individuals who trained with Helen Bonny over the years were asked to reflect on their perceptions of her as as a teacher, a mentor and a supervisor. The experience of these individuals spans the time period of Helen's training, from her first training sessions to her retirement from training. At the Bonny Foundation, they took a three level training; Helen Lindquist Bonny was Director of the Bonny Foundation; Lisa Summer was Director of the GIM Training; Frances Goldberg was Primary Trainer. We asked each person to address several topics specifically, with some general reflections and memories which the author synthesized into an overview. What has emerged from the memories of the seven people contributing to this reflection is a picture of a multifaceted person and her style of teaching, including three outstanding characteristics of Helen. Their valuable insights were in relation to Helen in three roles: teacher in the training seminars, individual supervisor and individual mentor.
Anger, Joy and Hope: Reflections of a Revolutionary. An Interview with Nigel Osborne.
Authors: Woodward Alpha 
Published: November 2014

Leslie Bunt's Introduction to the interview:It gives me great pleasure to introduce this text written by music therapy colleague Alpha Woodward. For quite some time Alpha and I have been exploring how to communicate to the international music therapy community through ‘Voices’ something of the essence of the work of a quite remarkable man, Nigel Osborne. Alpha has provided a creative solution to this challenge by interweaving excerpts of an interview with Nigel within the context of a case study exploring the background and evolution of the Pavarotti Music Centre in Mostar. As Alpha points out in her text Nigel Osborne is a great friend and ambassador of music therapy, although not ‘formally trained’ as a music therapist. His work touches on so much that is fundamental to the work of music therapists and as he says ‘enlivening children through song.’ But Nigel goes further in combining this passion for music with his burning desire for social justice and action.
Demonstrating Sustainability in the Practices of Music Therapists: Reflections from Bangladesh
Authors: Bolger Lucy Elizabeth , Skewes McFerran Katrina Louise 
Published: November 2014

Sustainability is a concept that has been implied but not overtly discussed in the music therapy literature. Nonetheless, the literature does describe projects that work towards self-supporting music projects and capacity building. In this article, a music therapist's contribution to an international development project in rural Bangladesh is used to illustrate how music therapists can embed sustainability principles into their practice. We propose that a commitment to sustainability involve time, collaboration and realistic expectations and that these are relevant throughout the planning and process of programs that work towards the achievement of independent music outcomes. It is our contention that principles of sustainability are essential to contemporary music therapists' practice and warrant further explicit discussion.
A Perspective on Meaningful Aspects of Long-term Music Therapy Practice With a Child with Profound Developmental Delays
Authors: Ikuno Rika 
Published: November 2014

Based on the assumption that the phenomenon of music therapy can be conceptualized as unique and expanding “meaningful experiences,” not limited to intervention-effect structure, the multi-layered values of the “meaningful experiences” are investigated. The narrative story by the therapist, written as a part of the case study, is used as the analysis materials; the “meaningful experiences” by the therapist are categorized into the five value aspects of sharing norms from mainstream culture, development desired, Client’s intrinsic Self, dialogical interrelationship, and co-existing contraposition. Each aspect is interpreted by further classifying into the sub-categories. As the conclusion, I discuss “overview of the interplay of the five value aspects,” “meanings emerged in the mutuality of the field,” and “circular, mutually-influence perspective on therapy” Lastly, perspectives in future formal research are suggested.