bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decorating Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) with Fluorinated Phenyls through Sulfur Bridges: Facile Synthesis, Properties, and Aggregation through Fluorine Interactions
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Sun Jibin , Liu Yu , Shao Jiafeng , Ma Longfei , Zhang Shangxi , Zhao Jinlian , Shao Yongliang , Zhang Hao‐Li , Wang Zhaohui , Shao Xiangfeng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTetrathiafulvalene derivatives (TTF1–TTF9) bearing fluorinated phenyl groups attached through the sulfur bridges have been synthesized by employing a copper‐mediated C–S coupling reaction of C6H5−xFxI (x=1, 2, 5) and a zinc‐thiolate complex, (TBA)2[Zn(DMIT)2] (TBA=tetrabutyl ammonium, DMIT=1,3‐dithiole‐2‐thione‐4,5‐dithiolate), as the key step. Particularly, the selective synthesis of C6F5‐substituted (TTF8) and C6F4‐fused (TTF9) TTFs from C6F5I is disclosed. The physicochemical properties and crystal structures of these TTFs are fully investigated by UV/Vis absorption spectra, cyclic voltammetry, molecular orbital calculation, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The exchange of hydrogen versus fluorine on the peripheral phenyl groups show a notable influence on both the electronic and crystallographic natures of the resulting TTFs: 1) lowering both the HOMO and the LUMO energy levels, 2) modulating the electrochemical properties by regioselective and/or the degree of fluorination, 3) enhancing the driving forces of stacking by multiple fluorine interactions (F⋅⋅⋅S, CF⋅⋅⋅π/πF, CF⋅⋅⋅FC, and CF⋅⋅⋅H). This work indicates that the decoration with fluorinated phenyls holds promise to produce functional TTFs with novel electronic and aggregation features.
When values (do not) converge: Cultural diversity and value convergence in work groups
Authors: Meeussen Loes , Schaafsma Juliette , Phalet Karen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCulturally diverse work groups do not always reach their full potential compared with less diverse groups. As shared values facilitate group functioning, we examined whether constructing shared values among group members is constrained by high degrees of cultural diversity. Following 33 real‐life work groups, we investigated how members influenced each other's achievement and relational values over time. Although low and high diversity groups did not differ in initial value similarity between members, they differed in the process of value convergence. In low diversity groups, members developed shared values by influencing each other's values towards consensus. In high diversity groups, however, members did not influence each other's values towards consensus. Low diversity groups also performed better than high diversity groups. These findings extend earlier findings establishing value convergence in culturally homogenous groups and reveal the distinctive processes in highly diverse groups as a focus for interventions to promote diverse group functioning. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Highly Sensitive and Selective Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes/Nafion/Au Microarrays Electrode for Dopamine Determination
Authors: Samseya J. , Srinivasan R. , Arulraj A. Daniel , Vasantha V. S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis work presents the fabrication of Nafion (Nf) or Nafion/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (Nf/MWCNTs) modified gold microarray (Au‐µA) and macro‐(Au‐M)electrode biosensors. The surface morphologies of the above electrodes were examined using SEM. The catalytic properties of the above electrodes towards dopamine were tested using square wave voltammetric technique. The Nf/MWCNT/Au‐µA electrode exhibited a wide range (0.1–1000 nM) of linearity among the other electrodes. The LOD of Nf/MWCNT/Au‐µA electrode was 50 pM for dopamine in the presence of 5000 µM ascorbic acid. Therefore, the Nf/MWCNT/Au‐µA biosensor was applied for the determination of dopamine in human serum.
Composites of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymers with modified magnesium hydroxide–thermo‐oxidative ageing
Authors: Wojtala A. , Szablicki D. , Semeniuk I. , Sudoł M. , Sabura E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFlame retardant composites must perform their protective roles permanently, also under conditions of intermittent or long‐term exposure to sunlight, moisture or increased temperature. The aim of our work was characterization of the thermo‐oxidative ageing (90 °C) and the changes in flammability of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer composites with 40 and 60 wt.% of magnesium hydroxide. The neat polymer and its composites were investigated for their thermal (DSC) and structural (FTIR) characteristics as well as their density, melt flow index, tensile properties and combustibility during ageing test. As FTIR results identified the different carbonyl groups in copolymer were created, the highest oxidation intensity was observed for neat copolymer. That process was accompanied by the scission of the polymer macromolecules, especially for first 700 h of thermal ageing. Thermo‐oxidative ageing resulted also in the reduction of flammability of the test materials. The highest reduction was observed for neat polymer. The changes in some properties as analysed both for the copolymer and for its composites after over 700 h of ageing were indicative for initiation of cross‐linking of copolymer molecules after that time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the Relationship Between Green Consumption Value, Satisfaction, and Loyalty to Hybrid Car in Elderly Consumers
Authors: Hur Won‐Moo , Yoo Jeong‐Ju , Hur Jin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe study aimed to examine the relationship between green consumption value, satisfaction, and loyalty of driving hybrid cars among elderly consumers. Data were collected from a cross‐sectional survey of 314 elderly consumers who purchased hybrid cars in the United States. A partial least squares analysis revealed that elderly consumers’ social, price, and quality values positively influenced the satisfaction of their hybrid car experience, and their satisfaction significantly influenced their loyalty of hybrid car. The relationship between green consumption value, satisfaction, and loyalty toward driving hybrid cars among elderly consumers revealed insight into their value orientations toward the hybrid car. Special efforts are suggested in promoting hybrid car use to elderly consumer groups. Marketers should pay attention to changing beliefs and increasing perceived values of driving a hybrid car for consumers to encourage them to use green products.
Integrating ICTs and Supply Chain Management: The Case of Micro‐Sized Firms
Authors: Llach Josep , Alonso‐Almeida María del Mar 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInformation and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the relationship between suppliers and buyers, and the nature of supply chain management. Previous research has studied this topic, but not from the point of view of micro‐sized companies. Micro‐sized companies are of critical importance for economies worldwide. Thus, in Europe 90% of companies are micro‐enterprises and account for 53% of employment. This article presents a new perspective by studying the impact of the introduction of e‐supply chain management on such firms. Through a literature review, we identified four key supplier‐related factors, that is, the use of ICTs, process efficiency, workforce capabilities, and the introduction of e‐supply chain management. However, these factors could differ in the case of micro‐sized companies. The data used for the empirical analysis came from a survey of 405 micro‐sized companies in Spain. Using a structural equation modeling, the results indicate that ICTs have a positive direct effect on e‐supply chain performance. It is also found that this effect is accompanied by the improved development of human resource skills and enhanced process efficiency. In addition, a number of recommendations for improving managerial practices are also proposed.
Counterfactual thinking in patients with amnesia
Authors: Mullally Sinéad L. , Maguire Eleanor A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe often engage in counterfactual (CF) thinking, which involves reflecting on “what might have been.” Creating alternative versions of reality seems to have parallels with recollecting the past and imagining the future in requiring the simulation of internally generated models of complex events. Given that episodic memory and imagining the future are impaired in patients with hippocampal damage and amnesia, we wondered whether successful CF thinking also depends upon the integrity of the hippocampus. Here using two nonepisodic CF thinking tasks, we found that patients with bilateral hippocampal damage and amnesia performed comparably with matched controls. They could deconstruct reality, add in and recombine elements, change relations between temporal sequences of events, enabling them to determine plausible alternatives of complex episodes. A difference between the patients and control participants was evident, however, in the patients' subtle avoidance of CF simulations that required the construction of an internal spatial representation. Overall, our findings suggest that mental simulation in the form of nonepisodic CF thinking does not seem to depend upon the hippocampus unless there is the added requirement for construction of a coherent spatial scene within which to play out scenarios. © 2014 The Authors. Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intrinsic mechanisms stabilize encoding and retrieval circuits differentially in a hippocampal network model
Authors: Hummos Ali , Franklin Charles C. , Nair Satish S. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAcetylcholine regulates memory encoding and retrieval by inducing the hippocampus to switch between pattern separation and pattern completion modes. However, both processes can introduce significant variations in the level of network activity and potentially cause a seizure‐like spread of excitation. Thus, mechanisms that keep network excitation within certain bounds are necessary to prevent such instability. We developed a biologically realistic computational model of the hippocampus to investigate potential intrinsic mechanisms that might stabilize the network dynamics during encoding and retrieval. The model was developed by matching experimental data, including neuronal behavior, synaptic current dynamics, network spatial connectivity patterns, and short‐term synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, it was constrained to perform pattern completion and separation under the effects of acetylcholine. The model was then used to investigate the role of short‐term synaptic depression at the recurrent synapses in CA3, and inhibition by basket cell (BC) interneurons and oriens lacunosum‐moleculare (OLM) interneurons in stabilizing these processes. Results showed that when CA3 was considered in isolation, inhibition solely by BCs was not sufficient to control instability. However, both inhibition by OLM cells and short‐term depression at the recurrent CA3 connections stabilized the network activity. In the larger network including the dentate gyrus, the model suggested that OLM inhibition could control the network during high cholinergic levels while depressing synapses at the recurrent CA3 connections were important during low cholinergic states. Our results demonstrate that short‐term plasticity is a critical property of the network that enhances its robustness. Furthermore, simulations suggested that the low and high cholinergic states can each produce runaway excitation through unique mechanisms and different pathologies. Future studies aimed at elucidating the circuit mechanisms of epilepsy could benefit from considering the two modulatory states separately. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Individual and joint prevalence of three nonmotor symptoms of PD in the US general population
Authors: Chen Honglei , Huang Xuemei , Guo Xuguang , Peddada Shyamal 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundSome nonmotor symptoms may precede the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) by years.MethodsWe examined the individual and joint prevalence of depression, daytime sleepiness, and infrequent bowel movement among 10,477 participants of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005‐2008.ResultsFor all symptoms, the prevalence was higher in women than in men. Importantly, few participants had two or more symptoms: 1.3% at ages 20 to 29, 1.0% at 30 to 39, 1.2% at 40 to 49, 3.5% at 50 to 59, 1.7% at 60 to 69, 1.1% at 70 to 79, and 1.2% at ages 80 years or older in men; the corresponding prevalence in women was 3.1%, 5.2%, 5.7%, 4.1%, 3.1%, 2.3%, and 1.2%, respectively. In both men and women, depression was correlated with infrequent bowel movement and daytime sleepiness, but the latter two were mutually independent.ConclusionThe presence of multiple nonmotor symptoms was uncommon in the general population and the prevalence was higher in women than in men. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Imaging modalities in children with vascular ring and pulmonary artery sling
Authors: Leonardi Benedetta , Secinaro Aurelio , Cutrera Renato , Albanese Sonia , Trozzi Marilena , Franceschini Alessio , Silvestri Valentina , Tomà Paolo , Carotti Adriano , Pongiglione Giacomo 
Published: July 2014

SummaryPurposeOur aim is to compare new non‐invasive imaging modalities in the evaluation of vascular ring (VR) and pulmonary artery sling (PAS) and to understand the role of bronchoscopy in comparison with them in assessing tracheobronchial tree.MethodsWe have retrospectively analyzed the data from 41 patients with a VR or a PAS diagnosed at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital of Rome, between 2008 and 2012. Age, gender, presenting symptoms, clinical history, comorbidities, imaging modalities used for diagnosis (cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR], computed tomography [CT], tracheobronchoscopy [TB]) and surgical treatment were recorded.ResultsThe vascular anatomy was completely defined in all patients, whether evaluated by CMR or CT, with a diagnostic accuracy of 100% based on surgical observation. All CT exams were performed without sedation with a mean dose‐length product (DLP32) of 29 ± 9 and an effective dose of 1.56 ± 0.6 mSv, range 0.5–2.5 mSv. CMR required general anesthesia in all patients but involved no exposure to ionizing radiation. CT performed better than CMR in assessing tracheal stenosis when compared to TB. It detected complete tracheal cartilage rings in 2/3 patients with PAS, besides tracheomalacia and/or bronchomalacia in 54% of patients.ConclusionsBoth cross‐sectional imaging modalities (CT and CMR) can reliably and accurately diagnose these congenital vascular anomalies. While CT involves exposure to ionizing radiation, it avoids the risks related to anesthesia needed for CMR, and provides a more accurate assessment of tracheobronchial anatomy. TB remains a fundamental tool in tracheomalacia diagnosis in VR symptomatic patients and PAS. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:781–788. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coherence and squeezing in Z3‐graded spin coherent states
Authors: Chung W.S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA new kind of spin coherent state called a Z3‐graded spin coherent state is constructed by using the complex solution of the equation q3 = 1. We explicitly find three kinds of Z3‐graded spin coherent states. The associated coherent property and spin squeezing are also examined.
Serotonin Enhances Megakaryopoiesis and Proplatelet Formation via p-Erk1/2 and F-Actin Reorganization
Authors: Ye Jie Yu , Liang En Yu , Cheng Yuan Shan , Chan Godfrey C. F. , Ding Yue , Meng Fanyi , Ng Margaret H. L. , Chong Beng H. , Lian Qizhou , Yang Mo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is a growth factor for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In this study, we proposed a possible mechanism: 5-HT may enhance megakaryopoiesis and proplatelet formation via Erk1/2 pathway and cytoskeleton reorganization. Here, 5-HT2BR was first identified in megakaryocytic cells. 5-HT also promoted the megakaryocytes (MKs) proliferation and reduced the cell apoptosis via the activation of 5-HT2BR and Akt pathway. The effects were reduced by the 5-HT2BR inhibitor ketanserin. The effect of 5-HT on proplatelet formation in bone marrow MKs were further confirmed: the 5-HT treated group had more proplatelet bearing MKs compared with the control group. To determine whether 5-HT has effects on cytoskeleton reorganization of MKs, and whether these effects could be reduced by ketanserin or Erk1/2 inhibitor PD98059, MKs were stained with the F-actin specific binder rhodamine–phalloidin. The polymerized actin level was lower in the control group than the 5-HT group and was distributed throughout the cytoplasm with occasional aggregations. Our data demonstrated that Erk1/2 was activated in MKs treated with 5-HT. This study suggests that 5-HT has a potent effect on platelet formation and this effect is likely mediated via 5HT2BR with subsequent activation of p-Erk1/2 and consequent F-actin reorganization and proplatelet formation. We also demonstrated that melatonin, the metabolite of 5-HT, exerts a protective effect on MK and platelet recovery in the irradiated mouse model. This study suggested that 5-HT plays an important role in platelet formation via 5HT2BR, p-Erk1/2, and F-actin reorganization. Stem Cells 2014;32:2973–2982
Prevention of Subcutaneous Seroma Formation in Open Ventral Hernia Repair Using a New Low‐Thrombin Fibrin Sealant
Authors: Köhler Gernot , Koch Oliver Owen , Antoniou Stavros A. , Lechner Michael , Mayer Franz , Emmanuel Klaus 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundSeroma formation is a frequent postoperative complication following open ventral hernia repair (OVHR), especially in cases requiring wide subcutaneous dissection (WSD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new low‐thrombin fibrin sealant for seroma prevention.MethodsA total of 60 consecutive patients with median incisional hernias who required OVHR with WSD of at least 100 cm2 were included in the prospective non‐randomized study. The fibrin glue group (FG) comprised 30 patients who had undergone OVHR with sublay mesh placement as well as subcutaneous application of low‐thrombin fibrin sealant. This cohort of patients was compared with a control group (CG) of 30 consecutive patients who had previously undergone OVHR without prevention of seroma formation with regard to outcome measures such as seroma formations and wound complications.ResultsThough the median extent of subcutaneous dead space was larger in the FG than in the CG (229 vs.174 cm2; p = 0.012), seroma formation occurred in three of the FG versus 16 of the CG patients (p = 0.003). Postoperative wound complications occurred in two of the FG versus nine of the CG patients (p = 0.002). Four patients in the CG and none in the FG required re‐operation within 30 days (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe use of a new low‐thrombin fibrin glue demonstrated a protective effect against formation of seromas and decreased the rate of wound complications in OVHR, with consecutive shorter length of hospital stay (5.8 vs. 10.4 days; p = 0.04).
Opportunities to Meet: Occupational Education and Marriage Formation in Young Adulthood
Authors: McClendon David , Kuo Janet Chen-Lan , Raley R. Kelly 
Published: July 2014

AbstractExplanations for the positive association between education and marriage in the United States emphasize the economic and cultural attractiveness of having a college degree in the marriage market. However, educational attainment may also shape the opportunities that men and women have to meet other college-educated partners, particularly in contexts with significant educational stratification. We focus on work—and the social ties that it supports—and consider whether the educational composition of occupations is important for marriage formation during young adulthood. Employing discrete-time event-history methods using the NLSY-97, we find that occupational education is positively associated with transitioning to first marriage and with marrying a college-educated partner for women but not for men. Moreover, occupational education is positively associated with marriage over cohabitation as a first union for women. Our findings call attention to an unexplored, indirect link between education and marriage that, we argue, offers insight into why college-educated women in the United States enjoy better marriage prospects.
Law and Social Theory: Three Problems
Authors: TEUBNER Gunther 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between law and social theory through a discussion of the shifting views over the last century. The conversation is framed by the example of publication bias in private-public partnership networks, and the inability of a single social theory, including theories of morality and economic utility, to explain the situation’s complexities. The paper argues that where social theory meets law an added value can be generated in terms of legal doctrine if the precarious relationship between autonomy and interconnectedness is respected in terms of transversality, responsiveness, and self-normativity.
Laser-induced damage tests based on a marker-based watershed algorithm with gray control
Authors: Guo Yajing , Tang Shunxing , Jiang Xiuqing , Peng Yujie , Zhu Baoqiang , Lin Zunqi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
An effective damage test method based on a marker-based watershed algorithm with gray control (MWGC) is proposed to study the properties of damage induced by near-field laser irradiation for large-aperture laser facilities. Damage tests were performed on fused silica samples and information on the size of damage sites was obtained by this new algorithm, which can effectively suppress the issue of over-segmentation of images resulting from non-uniform illumination in dark-field imaging. Experimental analysis and results show that the lateral damage growth on the exit surface is exponential, and the number of damage sites decreases sharply with damage site size in the damage site distribution statistics. The average damage growth coefficients fitted according to the experimental results for Corning-7980 and Heraeus-Suprasil 312 samples at 351 nm are

$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}1.10 \pm 0.31$

and

$0.60 \pm 0.09$

, respectively.
Genomics of ageing in twins
Authors: Mangino Massimo 
Published: July 2014

Ageing is a complex multifactorial process, reflecting the progression of all degenerative pathways within an organism. Due to the increase of life expectancy, in recent years, there is a pressing need to identify early-life events and risk factors that determine health outcomes in later life. So far, genetic variation only explains ~20–25 % of the variability of human survival to age 80+. This clearly implies that other factors (environmental, epigenetic and lifestyle) contribute to lifespan and the rate of healthy ageing within an individual. Twin studies in the past two decades proved to be a very powerful tool to discriminate the genetic from the environmental component. The aim of this review is to describe the basic concepts of the twin study design and to report some of the latest studies in which high-throughput technologies (e.g. genome/epigenome-wide assay, next generation sequencing, MS metabolic profiling) combined with the classical twin design have been applied to the analysis of novel ‘omics’ to further understand the molecular mechanisms of human ageing.