bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of new GFRTP and CFRTP using epsilon caprolactam as matrix fabricated with VaRTM
Authors: Ben Goichi , Hirabayashi Akiko , Sakata Kazuhiro , Nakamura Koichi , Hirayama Norio 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Thermoplastic resins used as a matrix of fiber reinforced thermoplastics (FRTPs) are composed of high polymers that remain highly viscous even at a higher temperature than their melting points. As a result, they need an even higher temperature, a higher pressure and a longer processing time to allow them to bond with fibers that require large and specialized equipment. In contrast, fiber-reinforced thermoset plastics (FRPs) can be easily molded owing to the use of lower viscosity liquid resin as the matrix using simpler devices. In this paper, a new fabrication method of FRTPs using in situ polymerizable ε caprolactam as the matrix is presented. This method uses vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding without the need for large and specialized equipment. The ε-caprolactam molecules were converted from their monomer form into a polyamide 6 resin, with ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactam during the molding process at a lower temperature than its melting temperature. The two kinds of FRTPs obtained using ε-caprolactam as the matrix had neither voids nor unfilled parts because ε-caprolactam had a very low viscosity before the polymerization. These FRTPs not only exhibit superior bending properties but also are suitable for high-speed molding, namely, within a few minutes of process time.
Seven Demotic Votive Inscriptions on Various Objects from the Tuna al-Gebel Necropolis
Authors: Ebeid Mahmoud 
Published: June 2014

Summary
Publication of seven Demotic votive inscriptions written on various materials, from the Tuna al-Gebel necropolis, now kept in the Tuna al-Gebel magazine, the Mallawi Museum, and al-Ashmunein magazine.
Splitting the sḏm.n⸗f? A Discussion of Written Forms in Coffin Texts
Authors: Stauder Andréas 
Published: June 2014

Summary
This is the first part of a study discussing the written forms of II.red (e.g. Ꜣmm) in Coffin Texts adduced in support of a recent hypothesis of two morphologically distinct forms of the sḏm.n⸗f. As a result of a review of each individual written form, it is concluded that none supports the hypothesis (just as none contradicts it). The first part of the argument centers around how verbal stems are represented in writing, in II.red-ult.n, II.red-ult.Ꜣ, and II.red-ult.m. Early New Kingdom spellings of the same verbs are also reevaluated. (The second part of the study is to appear in the next issue of this journal.)
Sulfur: Chemical Analysis of Fossil Fuel Products
Authors: Nadkarni Kishore R. A. 
Published: June 2014

Description
This unique, new ASTM monograph covers the analytical techniques for sulfur determination in crude oil, fuels and lubricants, coal, oil shale, gaseous fuels, and biofuels. It also addresses proficiency testing for sulfur.
ASTM’s monograph on sulfur deals with the analysis of:
The Formal and the Foreign
Authors: Wierzbicki Kaye 
Published: June 2014

Kaye Wierzbicki, “The Formal and the Foreign: Sarah Orne Jewett’s Garden Fences and the Meaning of Enclosure” (pp. 56-91)
This essay argues that Sarah Orne Jewett theorizes garden design—particularly the question of whether or not a garden should be fenced—in order to theorize the aesthetic and social implications of her local color genre. Specifically, Jewett’s polemical defense of the garden fence is central to her ability to incorporate foreignness into her fictional landscapes. By placing Jewett’s garden-centric writing into the context of American garden history, this essay counters the prevailing notion that garden fences are transhistorical symbols of rigid protectionism and cultural exclusivity. Instead, Jewett’s garden fences should also be read as theoretically loaded and historically specific sites in the late-nineteenth-century debate between the fence-dismantling garden naturalists and the Colonial Revivalists who sought to preserve or re-erect these fences. As Jewett’s participation in this debate reveals, a garden fence can become a mechanism for defining “the local” as a formal practice that embraces foreignness, in contrast to competing definitions of “the local” that privilege native plants and native persons. Ultimately, Jewett uncovers new theoretical possibilities in the fenced, formal, Colonial Revivalist garden in order to make a case for the cultural expansiveness permitted by local color writing.
The impact of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition on incretin effect, glucose tolerance, and gastrointestinal-mediated glucose disposal in healthy subjects
Authors: Rhee N A , Østoft S H , Holst J J , Deacon C F , Vilsbøll T , Knop F K 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveInhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is thought to intensify the physiological effects of the incretin hormones. We investigated the effects of DPP4 inhibition on plasma levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), incretin effect, glucose tolerance, gastrointestinal-mediated glucose disposal (GIGD) and gastric emptying in healthy subjects.DesignA randomised, controlled and open-labelled study.MethodsTen healthy subjects (six women; age, 40±5 years (mean±s.e.m.); BMI, 24±3 kg/m2; fasting plasma glucose, 5.1±0.2 mmol/l and HbA1c, 34±1 mmol/mol (5.3±0.1%)) were randomised to two-paired study days comprising a 4-h 50 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with paracetamol (A) and an isoglycaemic intravenous (i.v.) glucose infusion (B), with (A1+B1) and without (A2+B2) preceding administration of the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin.ResultsIsoglycaemia was obtained in all subjects on the paired study days. Significant increases in fasting levels and OGTT-induced responses of active GLP1 and GIP were seen after DPP4 inhibition. No significant impact of DPP4 inhibition on fasting plasma glucose (5.1±0.1 vs 4.9±0.1 mmol/l,P=0.3), glucose tolerance (area under the curve (AUC) for plasma glucose, 151±35 vs 137±26 mmol/l×min,P=0.7) or peak plasma glucose during OGTT (8.5±0.4 vs 8.1±0.3 mmol/l,P=0.3) was observed. Neither incretin effect (40±9% (without DPP4 inhibitor) vs 40±7% (with DPP4 inhibitor),P=1.0), glucagon responses (1395±165 vs 1223±195 pmol/l×min,P=0.41), GIGD (52±4 vs 56±5%,P=0.40) nor gastric emptying (Tmaxfor plasma paracetamol: 86±9 vs 80±12 min,P=0.60) changed following DPP4 inhibition.ConclusionsThese results suggest that acute increases in active incretin hormone levels do not affect glucose tolerance, GIGD, incretin effect, glucagon responses or gastric emptying in healthy subjects.
Transcriptomes and Proteomes Define Gene Expression Progression in Pre-meiotic Maize Anthers
Authors: Zhang Han , Egger Rachel L , Kelliher Timothy , Morrow Darren , Fernandes John , Nan Guo-Ling , Walbot Virginia 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Plants lack a germ line; consequently, during reproduction adult somatic cells within flowers must switch from mitotic proliferation to meiosis. In maize (Zea mays L.) anthers, hypoxic conditions in the developing tassel trigger pre-meiotic competence in the column of pluripotent progenitor cells in the center of anther lobes, and within 24 hr these newly specified germinal cells have patterned their surrounding neighbors to differentiate as the first somatic niche cells. Transcriptomes were analyzed by microarray hybridization in carefully staged whole anthers during initial specification events, after the separation of germinal and somatic lineages, during the subsequent rapid mitotic proliferation phase, and during final pre-meiotic germinal and somatic cell differentiation. Maize anthers exhibit a highly complex transcriptome constituting nearly three-quarters of annotated maize genes, and expression patterns are dynamic. Laser microdissection was applied to begin assigning transcripts to tissue and cell types and for comparison to transcriptomes of mutants defective in cell fate specification. Whole anther proteomes were analyzed at three developmental stages by mass spectrometric peptide sequencing using size-fractionated proteins to evaluate the timing of protein accumulation relative to transcript abundance. New insights include early and sustained expression of meiosis-associated genes (77.5% of well-annotated meiosis genes are constitutively active in 0.15 mm anthers), an extremely large change in transcript abundances and types a few days before meiosis (including a class of 1340 transcripts absent specifically at 0.4 mm), and the relative disparity between transcript abundance and protein abundance at any one developmental stage (based on 1303 protein-to-transcript comparisons).
The Genetics of Sex: Exploring Differences
Authors: Arbeitman Michelle N , Kopp Artyom , L. Siegal Mark , Van Doren Mark 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this commentary, Michelle Arbeitman et al., examine the topic of the Genetics of Sex as explored in this month's issues of GENETICS and G3: Genes |Genomes |Genetics. These inaugural articles are part of a joint Genetics of Sex collection (ongoing) in the GSA journals.
Would Fred Sanger Get Funded Today?
Authors: Fields Stanley 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFred Sanger developed technologies that won him two Nobel Prizes and revolutionized biological research. Yet, in spite of this record, the question has been raised as to whether, in the current scientific climate, he might be unsuccessful in obtaining a grant because of a productivity that would be viewed as too limited. In imagining how a National Institutes of Health study section today might treat a proposal from Sanger to sequence DNA, we can ask whether there are lessons from his career that suggest changes to the grant review process.
Adverse Childhood Experiences of Low-Income Urban Youth
Authors: Wade Roy , Shea Judy A. , Rubin David , Wood Joanne 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Current assessments of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may not adequately encompass the breadth of adversity to which low-income urban children are exposed. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize the range of adverse childhood experiences faced by young adults who grew up in a low-income urban area.

METHODS:
Focus groups were conducted with young adults who grew up in low-income Philadelphia neighborhoods. Using the nominal group technique, participants generated a list of adverse childhood experiences and then identified the 5 most stressful experiences on the group list. The most stressful experiences identified by participants were grouped into a ranked list of domains and subdomains.

RESULTS:
Participants identified a range of experiences, grouped into 10 domains: family relationships, community stressors, personal victimization, economic hardship, peer relationships, discrimination, school, health, child welfare/juvenile justice, and media/technology. Included in these domains were many but not all of the experiences from the initial ACEs studies; parental divorce/separation and mental illness were absent. Additional experiences not included in the initial ACEs but endorsed by our participants included single-parent homes; exposure to violence, adult themes, and criminal behavior; personal victimization; bullying; economic hardship; and discrimination.

CONCLUSIONS:
Gathering youth perspectives on childhood adversity broadens our understanding of the experience of stress and trauma in childhood. Future work is needed to determine the significance of this broader set of adverse experiences in predisposing children to poor health outcomes as adults.
The Association of Telomere Length With Family Violence and Disruption
Authors: Drury Stacy S. , Mabile Emily , Brett Zoë H. , Esteves Kyle , Jones Edward , Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. , Theall Katherine P. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND:
To enhance the understanding of biological mechanisms connecting early adversity and negative health, we examine the association between family interpersonal violence and disruption and telomere length in youth. These specific exposures were selected because of their established links with negative health consequences across the life-course.

METHODS:
Children, age 5 to 15, were recruited from the greater New Orleans area, and exposure to family disruption and violence was assessed through caregiver report. Telomere length, from buccal cell DNA (buccal telomere length [bTL]), was determined by using monochrome multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The association between bTL and adversity exposure was tested (n = 80).

RESULTS:
Cumulative exposure to interpersonal violence and family disruption was correlated with bTL. Controlling for other sociodemographic factors, bTL was significantly shorter in children with higher exposure to family violence and disruption. Witnessing family violence exerted a particularly potent impact. A significant gender interaction was found (β = −0.0086, SE = 0.0031, z test= −2.79, P = .0053) and analysis revealed the effect only in girls.

CONCLUSIONS:
bTL is a molecular biomarker of adversity and allostatic load that is detectable in childhood. The present results extend previous studies by demonstrating that telomeres are sensitive to adversity within the overarching family domain. These findings suggest that the family ecology may be an important target for interventions to reduce the biological impact of adversity in the lives of children.
Monolithic Liquid Chemical Sensing Systems
Authors: Martin Steven M. , Strong Timothy D. , Brown Richard B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe miniaturization of electrochemical transducers is crucial for the development of implantable biosensors, wearable microdetectors, and remote sensing networks due to the small dimensions required in these applications. As sensors scale, the analytical response degrades and integrated instrumentation is required to maintain acceptable detection limits. This work details the development of CMOS-integrated liquid chemical sensors. The sensors were cost-effectively post-processed on top of foundry-fabricated CMOS electronics using thin-film techniques. CMOS-integrated voltammetric sensors demonstrated a 25x improvement in detection limit/electrode area versus passive sensors. CMOS-integrated, ion-selective electrodes demonstrated a 50x improvement in lifetime and a 200x improvement in response time versus passive sensors. With their improved performance, these smart sensors can be used in a wide range of applications and can additionally serve as enabling technologies for more complex, chip-scale systems.
Contamination in Organic Residue Analysis
Authors: Mazow Laura , Grieve Susanne , Kennedy Anthony 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe excitement of finding ceramic materials on an excavation often leads to questions of function and use that can affect the final interpretation of a site. Organic residue analysis (ORA) is commonly used in determining artifact function. ORA requires collaboration between an archaeologist and chemist in the analysis of the materials. But, the significance of sampling methods is often understated. In addition, the various instruments used to perform the analysis are often seen by the archaeologist as infallible and the data believed to be easily interpretable. This article presents a case study that highlights the role of selectivity in ORA and cautions the reader against generalized interpretations that can provide false positives.
Satellite-Based Monitoring of Looting and Damage to Archaeological Sites in Syria
Authors: Casana Jesse , Panahipour Mitra 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
This article presents analysis of recent, high-resolution satellite imagery to document looting and damage to archaeological sites in Syria that have taken place as a consequence of the ongoing civil war. The effort relies on 2012 and 2013 GeoEye and WorldView imagery covering 30 key sites, alongside freely available imagery served on Google Earth and Bing Maps. Results reveal widespread damage to archaeological sites across the country, caused both by looting and military activities. Ongoing satellite-based monitoring provides a powerful method to document looting and destruction, and will ultimately prove helpful in structuring post-war damage assessment and reconstruction in Syria.
The Image of the Byzantines in Early Medieval South Italy: The Viewpoint of the Chroniclers of the Lombards (9th–10th centuries) and Normans (11th century)
Authors: Berto Luigi Andrea 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
This article analyzes how the neighbors of the Byzantines, the Lombards (who occupied a portion of southern Italy), and the Normans (who put an end to Byzantine rule in southern Italy in 1071), described their common adversary. The examination of the features that the chroniclers living in early medieval southern Italy attributed to the Byzantines demonstrates that, at least for this part of Europe, there is evidence of strong hostility to Byzantium before the twelfth century, a period traditionally perceived as crucial for the deterioration of relations between Westerners and Constantinople.
Adam Smith on Power and Maritime Trade
Authors: Martins Nuno Ornelas 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations is often interpreted as an explanation of the self-regulating nature of the market system, where an “invisible hand” leads to a harmonious coordination of different economic agents' pursuit of self-interest, so that economic development is brought about naturally through the division of labor. However, a closer reading of Smith's contribution shows that he saw the expansion of the market as a process typically driven by military and political power. For Smith, cases of a natural and spontaneous growth of industry occur only due to exceptional circumstances.
Electrophysiological Studies of Voltage‐Gated Sodium Channels Using QPatch HT, an Automated Patch‐Clamp System
Authors: Liu Yi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractVoltage‐gated sodium (Nav) channels are highly sensitive to membrane potential and have fast gating kinetics. Patch clamp electrophysiology has long been the gold standard for studying these channels. Combining high throughput with high information content/accuracy, automated patch clamp technologies have emerged as critical tools in ion channel drug discovery. Described in this unit is the use of QPatch, one of the automated patch clamp systems, to study Nav channel function and pharmacology. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 65:11.14.1‐11.14.45. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stratospheric ozone response to a solar irradiance reduction in a quadrupled CO2 environment
Authors: Jackman Charles H. , Fleming Eric L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe used the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) global two‐dimensional (2D) atmospheric model to investigate the stratospheric ozone response to a proposed geoengineering activity wherein a reduced top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) solar irradiance is imposed to help counteract a quadrupled CO2 atmosphere. This study is similar to the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) Experiment G1. Three primary simulations were completed with the GSFC 2D model to examine this possibility: (A) a pre‐industrial atmosphere with a boundary condition of 285 ppmv CO2 (piControl); (B) a base future atmosphere with 1140 ppmv CO2 (abrupt4xCO2); and (C) a perturbed future atmosphere with 1140 ppmv CO2 and a 4% reduction in the TOA total solar irradiance (G1). We found huge ozone enhancements throughout most of the stratosphere (up to 40%) as a result of a large computed temperature decrease (up to 18 K) when CO2 was quadrupled (compare simulation abrupt4xCO2 to piControl). Further, we found that ozone will additionally increase (up to 5%) throughout most of the stratosphere with total ozone increases of 1–2.5% as a result of a reduction in TOA total solar irradiance (compare simulation G1 to abrupt4xCO2). Decreases of atomic oxygen and temperature are the main drivers of this computed ozone enhancement from a reduction in TOA total solar irradiance.
Rupture process of the 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai tsunami earthquake from joint inversion of near‐field hr‐GPS and teleseismic body wave recordings constrained by tsunami observations
Authors: Yue Han , Lay Thorne , Rivera Luis , Bai Yefei , Yamazaki Yoshiki , Cheung Kwok Fai , Hill Emma M. , Sieh Kerry , Kongko Widjo , Muhari Abdul 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake (Mw 7.8) ruptured the shallow portion of the Sunda megathrust seaward of the Mentawai Islands, offshore of Sumatra, Indonesia, generating a strong tsunami that took 509 lives. The rupture zone was updip of those of the 12 September 2007 Mw 8.5 and 7.9 underthrusting earthquakes. High‐rate (1 s sampling) GPS instruments of the Sumatra GPS Array network deployed on the Mentawai Islands and Sumatra mainland recorded time‐varying and static ground displacements at epicentral distances from 49 to 322 km. Azimuthally distributed tsunami recordings from two deepwater sensors and two tide gauges that have local high‐resolution bathymetric information provide additional constraints on the source process. Finite‐fault rupture models, obtained by joint inversion of the high‐rate (hr)‐GPS time series and numerous teleseismic broadband P and S wave seismograms together with iterative forward modeling of the tsunami recordings, indicate rupture propagation ~50 km up dip and ~100 km northwest along strike from the hypocenter, with a rupture velocity of ~1.8 km/s. Subregions with large slip extend from 7 to 10 km depth ~80 km northwest from the hypocenter with a maximum slip of 8 m and from ~5 km depth to beneath thin horizontal sedimentary layers beyond the prism deformation front for ~100 km along strike, with a localized region having >15 m of slip. The seismic moment is 7.2 × 1020 N m. The rupture model indicates that local heterogeneities in the shallow megathrust can accumulate strain that allows some regions near the toe of accretionary prisms to fail in tsunami earthquakes.
Synthesis of Microcrystals of the [Fe(L)(bipy)] Spin Crossover Coordination Polymer in a Poly‐4‐vinylpyridine Matrix
Authors: Göbel Christoph , Palamarciuc Tatiana , Lochenie Charles , Weber Birgit 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMicrocrystals of the spin‐crossover coordination polymer [FeL(bipy)] (L=[3,3′]‐[1,2‐phenylenebis(iminoethylidyne)]bis‐(2,4‐pentanedionato)(2‐), bipy=4,4′‐bipyridine) have been prepared in a poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) matrix. This was done by sequential addition of the iron(II) precursor complex and the bridging ligand bipy to a P4VP matrix, and by repetition of this cycle. The obtained composite material was characterized using TEM, SEM, XRPD, and SQUID measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. With repeating cycles, the size of the [FeL(bipy)] crystals in the P4VP matrix increases from submicrometer to micrometer dimensions. A strong dependence on the number of cycles is observed. Above a critical size and concentration, the microcrystals show the same cooperative spin transition as the bulk material. No indication for a gradual spin transition is observed, but the remaining iron centers are either high‐spin or low‐spin depending on the coordination environment.
Catalytic Intermolecular Alkene Oxyamination with Nitrenes
Authors: Dequirez Geoffroy , Ciesielski Jennifer , Retailleau Pascal , Dauban Philippe 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe RhII‐catalyzed intermolecular addition of nitrenes to aromatic and aliphatic alkenes provides vicinal amino alcohols with yields of up to 95 % and complete regioselectivity. This 1,2‐oxyamination reaction involves the formation of an aziridine intermediate that undergoes in situ ring opening. The latter is induced by the Rh‐bound nitrene that behaves as a Lewis acid.