bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental batch study on separation of palm kernel and palm shell with salt solution
Authors: Jannah R , Machdar I , Abdullah  , Sofyan  , Rinaldi W , Ernawati  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The effectiveness of the palm kernel separation process is of paramount significance, as it directly influences the quantity of palm kernels obtained. This efficiency forms the core of the decision-making process when considering how to best use palm kernel shells, which are a byproduct of the palm oil industry. These versatile shells have various applications, including their role as a fuel source, their use in producing activated carbon, and their utility as an alternative material in lightweight concrete. The primary aim of this investigation is to examine and enhance the efficiency of this innovative segregation technique, with a specific focus on identifying the optimal conditions for achieving effective segregation, particularly the ideal concentration of salt (NaCl) in a batch process. The research methodology comprises a wellstructured series of steps designed to systematically evaluate the segregation process. In the initial stages, samples of palm kernel and shell were collected from a local palm oil industry and meticulously prepared for experimentation. Subsequently, salt solutions with varying saturation percentage of salt solution beetwen 12 g/L and 380 g/L were prepared. As the samples were immersed in the solution, the denser palm kernel shells settled at the base, whereas the lighter palm kernels rised to the top, simplifying the separation of these two elements. The highest level of segregation efficiency was achieved at the 380 g/L of Consentration of salt solution. This suggested method offers advantages, including the capability to achieve a 100% separation of palm kernel and palm kernel shell.
The Effect of Using Papain Enzyme on Quality Analysis of Buffalo Meat Jerky
Authors: Amhar  , Dzarnisa  , Fitri Cut Aida , Mudatsir  , As’ari Ihza , Khalil Muhammad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
One type of meat preservation is making jerky by using various types of seasoning ingredients from nature. Meat jerky is very popular with people in the market. Most jerky currently on the market is generally made from beef, and very little jerky comes from buffalo meat because buffalo meat contains coarse and hard fibres that are less preferred by consumers. Besides containing various antioxidant components that benefit health, buffalo meat is relatively cheaper than beef. Therefore, the use of papain enzyme can improve the quality of meat jerky. This is due to the peptide components of dipeptides, tripeptides and polypeptides. Using papain enzyme can also improve the quality of buffalo meat jerky, crispy and tender. In this research, using 10% of papain could increase the content of peptides and amino acids in buffalo meat. Finally, it is expected that consumers will prefer jerky and will be able to increase the income of entrepreneurs and breeders. This research can also support government programs on national food independence and security through meat diversification products in the form of fulfilling consumption of animal protein sources, which are very beneficial for human health.
Effect of hydrocolloid type on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of gluten-free white bread
Authors: Muna S N , Akmalia D , Noviasari S , Safriani N , Muzaifa M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Gluten-free white bread making using local composite flour is currently increasingly being studied. However, the characteristics of the gluten-free white bread produced are not as good as using wheat flour. The use of hydrocolloids is needed to optimize the quality of the white bread produced. This research aimed to examine the effect of hydrocolloid types on the physicochemical and sensory properties of gluten-free white bread. This study used CRD non-factorial, a type of hydrocolloid consisting of xanthan gum, gum arabic and glucomannan. The parameters analyzed are swelling volume, porosity, water content, fat content, protein content, and hedonic (aroma, color, taste, and texture). The results of the research showed that the type of hydrocolloid had a significant effect on the swelling volume, protein content and overall hedonics of white bread. The use of glucomannan and gum arabic produced better volume expansion, protein and hedonic value than xanthan gum. The best treatment was obtained using gum arabic hydrocolloid with characteristics of swelling volume of 228.88%, porosity 1525.87, water content 40.20%, ash content 2.32%, protein content 34.13%, hedonic color 4.7 (like very much), aroma hedonic 4.9 (like very much), taste hedonic 4.1 (like) and texture hedonic 4,1 (like).
A mini review: Potential synergy of cacao leaves and cinnamon bark as a functional tea
Authors: Kautsar M , Rozali Z F , Aisyah Y 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cacao leaves tea is an increasingly popular drink, especially among tea lovers. Cacao leaves provide a distinctive taste and aroma. Traditionally cacao tea has been used as a herbal drink to help treat fevers, stomach aches and even coughs. The bioactive compound in cacao leaves has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help in the healing process. Cinnamon is a spice that is widely used in food to enhance taste and aroma. It has a high antioxidant content and has many health benefits, including being an anti-diabetic. The aim of writing this article is to explain the potential synergy of cacao leaves with the addition of cinnamon as a functional drink in terms of nutritional composition and bioactive compounds contained in both. In the current era of globalization, increasing levels of free radicals have driven an increase in the need for bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. Consuming antioxidants obtained from cacao leaves – cinnamon tea, is expected to help reduce oxidative stress and potentially provide beneficial health effects. It was found that cacao leaves tea with the addition of cinnamon bark has potential as a functional drink because it contains bioactive compounds, especially phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids in significant concentrations.
A short review: fish oil extraction methods obtaining oils with high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Hamzah D F , Satriana  , Sutriana A , Anwar S H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nutrition improvement can be ensured by prioritizing the consumption of animal foods, one of which is fish. Fish consumption generally requires cooking at high temperatures which trigger the protein denaturation, therefore consumption of fish oil is more beneficial for human health. However, extraction of oil from fish is quite challenging, particularly the extraction which produce high amount of unsaturated fatty acid. This short review aims to summarizes and evaluate the best fish oil extraction method by observing temperature, time, solvent ratio, oil yield, and unsaturated fatty acid content. The best quality of fish oil can be obtained through a series of extraction processes, namely the extraction without solvent and using solvent. Each fish oil extraction method takes into account several parameters, such as producing different amounts of oil with unsaturated fatty acid content. Ultrasound-assisted extraction methods provide an excellent oil yield and unsaturated fatty acids with better quality than other extraction methods. It is also underlined that fish oil obtained from the ultrasound-assisted extraction method can be used as a nutritional alternative to improve human health.
The effect of adding butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) flower extract to the coconut water-egg yolk diluent on the quality of Aceh cattle spermatozoa
Authors: Mariana E , Sauri F S , Khairi F , Novita C I , Abdullah M A N 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of adding butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) extract to the coconut water-egg yolk diluent on the quality of Aceh cattle spermatozoa stored at 4°C. The semen used is obtained from the ejaculate of Aceh cattle kept in the Saree artificial insemination center. The treatment in this research was the addition of butterfly pea flower extract to the coconut water-egg yolk diluent with concentrations of 0% (P1), 0.2% (P2), 0.4% (P3), 0.6% (P4), and 0.8% (P5). The spermatozoa quality variables measured were motility, viability, and abnormalities of spermatozoa after and before cooling. The results showed that adding butterfly pea flower extract to the diluent significantly affected spermatozoa motility and viability. Still, they did not affect the percentage of spermatozoa abnormalities before or after the cooling process. The quality of Aceh cattle spermatozoa before and after the cooling process was no different. Adding butterfly pea flower extract to a concentration of 0.6 g/100 ml in the diluent (P4) produced the best spermatozoa motility, viability, and abnormalities. The conclusion is that the addition of butterfly pea flower extract to the coconut water-egg yolk diluent can prevent a decrease in the quality of Aceh cattle spermatozoa stored at 4°C.
Performance of feature extraction method combination in arabica coffee roasting classification
Authors: Cynthiarani F C , Lelono  , Putri D U K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Feature extraction is vital in electronic nose technology, particularly for classification tasks. However, challenges like noise, temperature variations, humidity, drift, and unwanted aromas can introduce inconsistencies in feature extraction, diminishing the machine’s classification capabilities. This study aimed to assess the electronic nose’s performance in recognizing aroma patterns of Arabica coffee at four roasting levels. It involved comparing 63 feature extraction method combinations derived from six primary methods (mean, skewness, kurtosis, standard deviation, maximum, minimum). After extracting features, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was used for dimensionality reduction and analysis. Subsequently, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model was trained and validated using Stratified K-Fold Cross Validation to comprehend feature patterns and labels and determine hyperplanes for distinct classes. The results revealed that the best feature combination to classify arabica coffee aromas at various roasting levels was achieved by using a combination of mean, kurtosis, and standard deviation, with an accuracy of 86.11%, precision of 86.73%, recall of 86.11%, and MCC of 0.8159 in a training time of 0.0574 seconds. Utilizing LDA improved accuracy by 9.81% and MCC by 15.01%.
The performance of arabica coffee farmers in implementing good agricultural practices in Aceh Tengah, Indonesia
Authors: Hamid A H , Siregar Q N , Zikria V , Ginting L N , Zulkarnain Z , Juliaviani N , Anhar A , Baihaqi A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A significant portion of the population in Aceh Tengah Regency is engaged in the cultivation of Gayo Arabica coffee, which has profoundly affected the local economy. The people of Aceh Tengah Regency rely heavily on producing Arabic coffee. In order to enhance the yield of Arabica coffee, the farmer must implement Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). This research uses a purposive sampling technique, a qualitative descriptive analysis method to determine the level of implementation of GAP, multiple linear regression analysis to determine the factors that influence the productivity of Gayo Arabica coffee in Central Aceh Regency, the F test, R Square, and t-test are used to determine differences in the application of GAP between coffee farmers. Those who implement GAP well and those who don’t. The study results show that the level of GAP implementation in Arabica coffee in Central Aceh District reached 80.23%, which indicates a high level of compliance with recommended practices. The multiple linear regression test shows that several variables have a significant influence on the productivity of Gayo Arabica coffee in terms of GAP. These variables include land preparation, irrigation systems, seed preparation, planting, and nurturing. Meanwhile, the harvesting and post-harvesting processes have a small impact.
Analysis of income and value addition from coffee beans to coffee powder in Lintong Nihuta sub-district, Humbang Hasundutan regency
Authors: Lubis S N , Sebayang T , Siburian S , Lubis A A R D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the extent of value addition and income within the Arabica coffee powder processing enterprise. The selection of the research area was purposive, guided by the fact that the Lintong Nihuta Sub-district serves as a prominent hub for Arabica coffee production. The sample for this research consisted of the Arabica coffee powder processing business BR JR Coffee, selected through the Purposive Sampling technique. The employed data analysis methods encompass the Hayami value-added calculation approach and descriptive analysis. The Hayami value-added calculation technique is employed to determine the value addition stemming from the conversion of coffee beans into Arabica coffee powder. Meanwhile, the descriptive analysis method is utilized to compute the revenue generated by the coffee powder processing endeavor. The research findings divulge that the value addition resulting from the conversion of coffee beans into Arabica coffee powder at BR Jr Coffee totals Rp52,649.087 per kilogram, with a value-added ratio of 50.57%. Additionally, the accrued income stands at Rp1,199,473 per production cycle.
Disaster mitigation education (DME): A bibliometric study from Scopus database
Authors: Suboh T P , Rosemary R , Rahman A , Kamarullah  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Natural catastrophes may be especially devastating in some countries. Thus, in disaster-prone areas, it is crucial that people get education on mitigation strategies so that they can be prepared for future calamities. Therefore, it is vital for all parties involved that research be conducted on mitigation education. This bibliometric study examines disaster mitigation education (DME) bibliographies in the Scopus database from 2011 to 2022 with the goal of mapping this research to guide future studies on the subject of disasters. The study process consisted of four steps: finding, filtering, correcting, and analyzing; each step was accomplished with the aid of a different program, such as Publish or Perish, Mendeley Desktop, and the VOSviewer application. Publication tendencies connected to mitigation education were examined, along with citations, authors’ collaboration, and the examination of keywords used in abstracts. Throughout the four phases, there were 13 issues that saw an increasing publishing rate throughout the aforementioned period. After that, the years 2015-2017 saw an increase in the issue’s citations before gradually declining again. Only ten authors, mostly from North American nations, worked together on studies of DME globally. Finally, the authors in this issue made frequent use of 16 abstract terms, the most common of which were “mitigation,” “student,” and “object.” According to these findings, there has been a dearth of research on the feasibility of incorporating disaster-prevention strategies into existing educational structures, including curricula, learning materials, and policies. Students should be taught about disaster preparedness at an early age so that future generations may avoid problems before, during, and after a crisis.
The examination of the relationship between land cover and land surface temperature in Karang Baru Sub-District, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ar’afii E A , Sugianto S , Wijaya L , Rusdi M , Basri H , Zuraida  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Land cover change can lead to variations in land surface temperature, primarily because different materials have varying capacities to receive, absorb, and re-emit solar radiation. Karang Baru, situated as the capital of Aceh Tamiang Regency near North Sumatra, one of the most densely populated Regency, has been experiencing continuous development since 2002, following its separation from East Aceh Regency. The development in Karang Baru has resulted in a noticeable influence on land surface temperature. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between land cover and land surface temperature in Karang Baru from 2002 to 2022. This research classified land cover using the supervised classification method employing the Maximum Likelihood Algorithm, and land surface temperature was estimated using the Split Window Algorithm method. Subsequently, simple regression analysis in this context indicates a quantitative approach to understanding the relationship between land cover and land surface temperature in Karang Baru, providing valuable insights for environmental and urban planning considerations. The findings of this research indicate that the type of land cover indeed influences the land surface temperature in Karang Baru. In summary, this study establishes that land cover can substantially impact the regional surface temperature, with temperature increases associated with surfaces featuring buildings, roads, fields, or similar materials. In contrast, vegetated surfaces tend to exhibit lower land surface temperatures in the area.
Farmers’ perception and strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate change impacts in the agricultural sector
Authors: Adlina M , Syamsidik  , Oktari R S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The objectives of this study are 1) to determine farmers’ perceptions, adaptation and mitigation towards climate change; 2) to provide recommendations for appropriate adaptation strategies towards climate change. The research methodology employed was qualitative, involving a literature review and focus group discussions (FGD). The study’s findings reveal several key indicators within the farming community. Farmer perceptions encompass their responses to external factors, comprehension, and assessment of climate change. Adaptation indicators comprise perception, level of exposure, risk tolerance, sociodemographic characteristics, and adaptive capacity. Mitigation strategies involve enhancing productivity and efficiency, implementing specialized technology options, and adapting agricultural management practices. Farmer perceptions highlight the recognition of climate change as a relatively recent phenomenon, coupled with its palpable impact on agriculture. Adaptations made by farmers include pesticide use, adjusted planting seasons, exploring alternative livelihoods, and land cultivation. Mitigation efforts entail the management of water resources and the adoption of cutting-edge agricultural technologies. These indicators, combined with the insights from focus group discussions (FGD), can serve as valuable tools for developing instruments to assess climate change within the agricultural sector.
Aspen Plus simulation analysis of hydrogen production from biomass pyrolysis integrated with steam methane reformer unit
Authors: Harahap R K , Nur T B , Syafiie S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As a Paris Agreement signatory committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, Indonesia must shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy to reduce emissions and economic growth. Biomass, abundant in North Sumatra, particularly palm oil biomass, offers a potential solution. Biomass can be converted into hydrogen through a thermochemical pyrolysis integrated steam methane reformer (SMR). The Aspen Plus software simulates an integrated biomass pyrolysis system with an SMR unit in this study. Nickel oxide (NiO), used as a catalyst in the SMR unit, is particularly attractive due to its natural abundance and cost-effectiveness. With the batch process, the working pyrolysis temperature is 500°C and SMR is 450°C, respectively. For one process, feed pyrolysis and SMR are 6.54 kg of empty fruit bunch (EFB) palm oil biomass, and SMR supply with 1.515 kg of water vapor or the EFB/water vapor ratio are 81% and 19%, respectively. The above condition will produce 4.27 kg (53%) H2, 1.77 kg (22%) CO2, and 1.93 kg (24%) H2O. Overall, the integrated pyrolysis with SMR (steam methane reformer) for hydrogen production shows good conversion, where every 1 kg of EFB (Empty Fruit Bunches) produces 0.67 kg of hydrogen.
Risk response analysis on road project implementation in North Aceh district
Authors: Sari H , Husin S , Rauzana A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Construction projects are activities carried out to build a building that is limited by cost, time and quality. Therefore good control is needed, especially that the project can expected goals quickly, precisely, and effectively. Risk response is the process of controlling risks that can be identified. The purpose of this paper to determine the dominant risk response in road projects. This research uses quantitative (used is FI, SI and RII) and analysis Descriptive Statistics. There are 25 Respondents addressed to Directors, project managers, or engineers representing contractor companies that have worked on road projects in North Aceh Regency using the 2022 APBD.The results showed that of the 124 indicators studied, the most dominant risk to costs of road projects in North Aceh Regency in 2022 was 2 indicators, namely increasing costs due to environmental security (C5) of 0.776 and unofficial levies (C11) of 0.768. The dominant risk response to costs based on survey results in the field is avoided because the probability is 80-100%. Indicator (C5) Increased costs due to environmental security, the response is avoided by providing special security workers or security guards. Indicator (C11) Unofficial levies, The response is avoided by conducting socialization to the community.
Characterization of candlenut leaf extract Simplicia (Auleurites moluccanus) Seulawah mountains
Authors: Zahara Elfi , Darmawi  , Balqis Ummu , Soraya Cut 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Candlenut is a plant that has active components and is believed by the public to be able to cure diseases. The parts of this medicinal plant can be used starting from the roots, stems, leaves, and fruit. The candlenut leaves also contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which are excreted. It is believed to cure or reduce pain. Candlenut leaf extract can be used as a mouthwash to prevent dental caries. This research aims to determine the characteristics of simplicia from candlenut leaves (Aleurites moluccanus). Samples of candlenut leaves were obtained from the Seulawah Mountains, where the soil contains high levels of secondary metabolites. Based on the results of the simplicia character test, it is known that the characteristics of the candlenut leaf simplicia in the water content (2.978 %) and total ash content (9.75 %) tests meet the requirements of Farmako Indonesia and Materia Medika Indonesia (MMI).
Identifying the structure as a hot water outflow path using gravity in Jatimulyo, South Lampung
Authors: Paembonan A Y , Irawati S M , Mustofa Y , Putri I A , Ekawati G M , Laesanpura A , Yanis M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Geothermal manifestations have been utilized as a tourist attraction (geo-tourism) worldwide. Geothermal manifestation systems could be found in many forms such as hot springs. The path of the hot water flow is controlled by the existence of geologic structures such as faults as the medium. Geophysical methods in general have been used to image and characterize subsurface layers. The gravity method using the natural source has been employed to determine the geological structure, such as faults. This study aims to identify the structure related to the outflow path which is part of the geothermal system using gravity method in Jatimulyo Village, Jati Agung, South Lampung. The result shows the contrast anomaly indicating the existence of a fault that could be a hot water path. An outflow zone which is characterized by low temperatures because it is far from heat sources. The complete Bouguer Anomaly is used to create 2D forward modelling where the model is divided in 2 layers. The first layer is indicated as Lampung Formation (QTl) with density of 1.8 g/cc, and second layer recognized as bedrock with denser rock of 2.78 g/cc representing Tertiary Paleozoic (Pzg) Gunung Kasih Complex Formation.