bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green synthesis of trimetallic CuO/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite using Ziziphus spina-christi plant extract: characterization, statistically experimental designs, and antimicrobial assessment
Authors: El-Sawaf Ayman K. , El-Moslamy Shahira H. , Kamoun Elbadawy A. , Hossain Kaizar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, Ziziphus spina christi leaves was used to synthesize a trimetallic CuO/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite by a simple and green method. Many characterizations e.g. FTIR, UV–vis DRS, SEM–EDX, TEM, XRD, zeta-size analysis, and DLS, were used to confirm green-synthesized trimetallic CuO/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. The green, synthesized trimetallic CuO/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited a spherical dot-like structure, with an average particle size of around 7.11 ± 0.67 nm and a zeta potential of 21.5 mV. An extremely homogeneous distribution of signals, including O (79.25%), Cu (13.78%), Zn (4.42%), and Ag (2.55%), is evident on the surface of green-synthetic nanocomposite, according to EDX data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to effectively use an industrially produced green trimetallic CuO/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite as a potent antimicrobial agent by employing different statistically experimental designs. The highest yield of green synthetic trimetallic CuO/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite was (1.65 mg/mL), which was enhanced by 1.85 and 5.7 times; respectively, by using the Taguchi approach in comparison to the Plackett–Burman strategy and basal condition. A variety of assays techniques were utilized to evaluate the antimicrobial capabilities of the green-synthesized trimetallic CuO/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite at a 200 µg/mL concentration against multidrug-resistant human pathogens. After a 36-h period, the tested 200 µg/mL of the green-synthetic trimetallic CuO/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite effectively reduced the planktonic viable counts of the studied bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which showed the highest percentage of biofilm reduction (98.06 ± 0.93 and 97.47 ± 0.65%; respectively).
Practical preparation of unsaturated very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and very-long-chain alkene pollinator attractants
Authors: Bohman Björn , Bersch Aylin J. , Flematti Gavin R. , Schlüter Philipp M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo prepare very-long-chain fatty acids and alkenes (VLCFAs and VLC alkenes) that are known pollinator attractants for sexually deceptive orchids, and biosynthetic precursors thereof, we applied a methodology allowing us to prepare monounsaturated VLCFAs with chain lengths up to 28 carbons and VLC alkenes up to 31 carbons. We implemented a coupling reaction between commercially available terminal alkynes and bromoalkanoic acids to prepare VLCFAs, allowing the products to be formed in two steps. For VLC alkenes, with many alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides commercially available, we applied a Wittig reaction approach to prepare (Z)-configured monoenes in a single step. Using practical methods not requiring special reagents or equipment, we obtained 11 VLCFAs in > 90% isomeric purity, and 17 VLC alkenes in > 97% isomeric purity. Such general and accessible synthetic methods are essential for chemical ecology and biochemistry research to aid researchers in unambiguously identifying isolated semiochemicals and their precursors.
Large effects of fine and coarse aerosols on tropical deep convective systems throughout their lifecycle
Authors: Yin Jianhua , Pan Zengxin , Mao Feiyue , Rosenfeld Daniel , Zang Lin , Chen Jiangping , Gong Jianya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that aerosols invigorate deep convective systems (DCS). However, the magnitude or even the existence of aerosol invigoration of DCS remains controversial. Here, we aimed to observationally quantify the full aerosol effects on DCS by tracking their entire lifecycle and spatial extent in tropical regions. We found that fine aerosols (FA) can invigorate DCS, making them taller and longer lived, and resulting in up to ×5 increase in total area and rainfall amount. In contrast, added coarse sea salt aerosols (CSA) over the ocean can inhibit the vertical development of DCS through enhancing warm rain formation, yet resulting in longer lived and extensive DCSs. Notably, combining FA and CSA generates the strongest aerosol invigoration effect at the concentrations of ~5 and ~80 μg/m³, leading up to ×10 increase in rainfall amount. Our results indicate that aerosols significantly redistribute convective precipitation and climate effects, greatly underestimated in previous studies.
Cell-specific expression of key mitochondrial enzymes limits OXPHOS in astrocytes of the adult human neocortex and hippocampal formation
Authors: Dobolyi Arpád , Cservenák Melinda , Bagó Attila G. , Chen Chun , Stepanova Anna , Paal Krisztina , Lee Jeonghyoun , Palkovits Miklós , Hudson Gavin , Chinopoulos Christos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle model entails that, upon glutamatergic neurotransmission, glycolytically derived pyruvate in astrocytes is mainly converted to lactate instead of being entirely catabolized in mitochondria. The mechanism of this metabolic rewiring and its occurrence in human brain are unclear. Here by using immunohistochemistry (4 brains) and imaging mass cytometry (8 brains) we show that astrocytes of the adult human neocortex and hippocampal formation express barely detectable amounts of mitochondrial proteins critical for performing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). These data are corroborated by queries of transcriptomes (107 brains) of neuronal versus non-neuronal cells fetched from the Allen Institute for Brain Science for genes coding for a much larger repertoire of entities contributing to OXPHOS, showing that human non-neuronal elements barely expressed mRNAs coding for such proteins. With less OXPHOS, human brain astrocytes are thus bound to produce more lactate to avoid interruption of glycolysis.
Mimic turbo compiled code structure for wireless communication systems
Authors: Shi Yuchen , Liu Shangdong , Shao Sisi , Ji Yimu , Wu Fei , Gu Tiansheng , Zheng Yulu , Nie Yijun , Ji Zongkai , Sun Cailing , Chen Zeng , Sun Yawei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTurbo codes play a crucial role in wireless communication systems, and their compiled code structures are key factors affecting the performance of the entire communication system. As a result, the study of turbo compiled code structures has been a focal point for researchers. The iterative decoding of turbo code structures has multiple limitations and large storage resource consumption, leading to poor system anti‐interference ability and a rapid increase in BER. To address these issues, this paper proposes the mimic turbo compiled code structure (MTCCS) for wireless communication systems. MTCCS is based on the DHR idea, incorporating dynamic, heterogeneous, and redundancy characteristics. Dynamicity is achieved through a dynamic scheduling algorithm based on abnormal feedback information. Heterogeneity is achieved through a codec component collection design method based on intrinsic and extrinsic heterogeneity. Redundancy is achieved through a majority voting algorithm. At the beginning of information transmission, MTCCS randomly selects heterogeneous codecs from the heterogeneous codec collection to enter the runtime pool. After the information transmission is complete, the majority voting algorithm is used to adjudicate the multi‐mode output of the codecs, resulting in a relatively accurate decoding outcome. Meanwhile, the dynamic scheduling module calculates the abnormal feedback information of each codec and accordingly dynamically schedules the mimic turbo codecs to replace the abnormal ones. Through the above process, MTCCS realizes the adaptive compilation code and improves the anti‐interference ability of turbo code. Simulation experiments are conducted on MTCCS in both non‐interference and interference scenarios. Simulation experiments show that MTCCS introducing the DHR idea achieves a balance between anti‐interference and decoding performance. It effectively addresses the issue of poor anti‐interference ability in turbo codes, and the decoding performance of MTCCS is superior to that of the previous single conventional turbo codes.
DC near‐area voltage stability constrained renewable energy integration for regional power grids
Authors: He Hailei , Zhang Yantao , Fang Xin , Zhou Qinyong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the increasing deployment of renewable energy resources, the scale of DC networks and renewable capacity continues to grow. System security is challenged by the decrease in inertia from traditional synchronous generators. In order to accommodate high‐penetration renewable energy, voltage stability should be considered in the renewable energy integration planning. Herein, first, a voltage stability‐constrained minimum startup index and algorithm for conventional thermal power plants are proposed. Then, based on time series production simulation, a renewable energy integration capacity analysis algorithm is designed considering voltage stability and peak shaving constraints. Finally, based on the boundary conditions of the “Fifteen‐Five Plan”, the renewable energy capacity considering voltage stability and peak shaving constraints for Northwest and East China power grids are analysed to verify the effectiveness and engineering practicality of the proposed methodology. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can maintain the renewable energy integration goal outlined in the “Fifteen‐Five Plan” while maintaining the voltage stability in these regions.
Enhancing road safety through misbehaviour detection in vehicle‐to‐everything systems of Korea
Authors: Park Seungyoung , Lee Sangseok , Kim Eunyoung , Kim Jungwook , Park Youngin , Eom Sungwook , Kim Sungbum , Han Seunghui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVehicle‐to‐everything communication systems play a crucial role in enhancing road safety and traffic efficiency through vehicle and roadside infrastructure interactions. To provide robust defences against external threats in secure and trustworthy information exchange, these systems utilise public key infrastructure to authenticate vehicle‐to‐everything participant identities with digital certificates and security credential management systems to administer these certificates and encryption keys. However, even with these defences, vulnerabilities persist, particularly from vehicles with legitimate certificates that may malfunction or be exploited for malicious purposes. To address these issues, this paper introduces a misbehaviour detection (MBD) system, notable for its combined use of local and global MBD algorithms. This system is specifically designed to combat both conventional and novel threats, including slander attacks, in which vehicles with legitimate certificates may be falsely accused, and sophisticated attacks targeting the global MBD system itself. The efficacy of our MBD system was rigorously validated at K‐City, the leading autonomous vehicle technology testing facility in Korea, demonstrating its ability to identify and counter internal misbehaviours precisely.
Detection of failures in HV surge arrester using chaos pattern with deep learning neural network
Authors: Hung Chun‐Chun , Wang Meng‐Hui , Lu Shiue‐Der , Kuo Cheng‐Chien 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs a protective component of HV equipment, the primary function of a surge arrester is to mitigate the impact of surge voltages. When a surge arrester fails, the equipment it protects becomes vulnerable to damage. This study integrates chaotic systems with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to diagnose faults in HV surge arresters. The Partial Discharge (PD) test was initially performed on six HV surge arrester fault models. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) was performed for filtering the PD signals. Subsequently, the Chen‐Lee chaotic system converted the filtered PD signals into a dynamic error scatter diagram, creating a feature map of various fault states. This feature map was then used as the input layer to train the CNN model. The results demonstrate that the proposed CNN achieved an accuracy of 97.0%, outperforming AlexNet and traditional methods using Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) combined with Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN), and K‐Nearest Neighbor (KNN). This study also incorporates the LabVIEW graphic control software with a fault diagnosis system for HV surge arresters. The PD data can identify the fault type in real‐time, enhancing power equipment maintenance efficiency.
A metaheuristic approach for hierarchical wireless sensor networks using particle swarm optimisation‐based Enhanced LEACH protocol
Authors: Bekal Punith , Kumar Pramod , Mane Pallavi R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA network created in places inaccessible to humans is known as the wireless sensor network. A sensor must detect data/information before it sends this data to a base station. Data can be routed between just one node to a base station using a variety of routing protocols. The hierarchical routing method is one of the routing protocols that hierarchically distributes sensed data. Using clustering to arrange the network into an interconnected hierarchy has shown to be a successful strategy. Bio‐inspired particle swarm optimisation is combined with the Enhanced LEACH protocol to overcome the shortcomings of conventional protocol like overall consumption of energy, the total number of survival nodes, and packets being delivered during the network's life. Metaheuristic approach of particle swarm optimisation which explores alternative paths during optimisation, leading to more adaptive and efficient energy dissipation. Enhanced LEACH with the bioinspired protocol makes it more efficient for real‐time applications. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has a greater advantage over the conventional and Enhanced LEACH.
Four HD 209458 b transits through CRIRES+: Detection of H2O and non-detections of C2H2, CH4, and HCN
Authors: Blain D. , Landman R. , Mollière P. , Dittmann J. 
Published: August 2024

Context. HD 209458 b is one of the most studied exoplanets to date. Despite this, atmospheric characterisation studies yielded inconsistent species detections and abundances. Values reported for the C/O ratio range from ≈0.1 to 1.0. Of particular interest is the simultaneous detection of H2O and HCN reported by some studies using high-resolution ground-based observations, which would require the atmospheric C/O ratio to be fine-tuned to a narrow interval around 1. HCN has however not been detected from recent space-based observations.
Aims. We aim to provide an independent study of HD 209458 b’s atmosphere with high-resolution observations, in order to infer the presence of several species, including H2O and HCN.
Methods. We observed four primary transits of HD 209458 b at a high resolution (ℛ ≈ 92000) with CRIRES+ in the near infrared (band H, 1.431243–1.837253 μm). After reducing the data with pycrires, we prepared the data using the SysRem algorithm and performed a cross-correlation (CCF) analysis of the transmission spectra. We also compared the results with those obtained from simulated datasets constructed by combining the Exo-REM self-consistent model with the petitRADTRANS package.
Results. Combining the four transits, we detect H2O with a signal-to-noise CCF metric of 8.7σ. This corresponds to a signal emitted at Kp = 151.3−23.4+31.1 km s−1 and blueshifted by −6−2+1 km s−1, consistent with what is expected for HD 209458 b. We do not detect any other species among C2H2, CH4, CO, CO2, H2S, HCN, and NH3. Comparing this with our simulated datasets, this result is consistent with a C/O ratio of 0.1 and an opaque cloud top pressure of 50 Pa, at a 3 times solar metallicity. This would also be consistent with recent JWST observations. However, none of the simulated results obtained with a bulk C/O ratio of 0.8, a value suggested by previous studies using GIANO-B and CRIRES, are consistent with our observations.
Stellar model tests and age determination for RGB stars from the APO-K2 catalogue
Authors: Valle G. , Dell’Omodarme M. , Prada Moroni P. G. , Degl’Innocenti S. 
Published: August 2024

Aims. By adopting the recently empirically derived dependence of α-elements on [α/Fe] instead of the conventionally applied uniform one, we tested the agreement between stellar model predictions and observations for red giant branch (RGB) stars in the APO-K2 catalogue. We particularly focused on the biases in effective temperature scales and on the robustness of age estimations.
Methods. We computed a grid of stellar models relying on the empirical scaling of α-elements, investigating the offset in effective temperature ΔT between these models and observations, using univariate analyses for both metallicity [Fe/H] and [α/Fe]. To account for potential confounding factors, we then employed a multivariate generalised additive model to study the dependence of ΔT on [Fe/H], [α/Fe], log g, and stellar mass.
Results. The initial analysis revealed a negligible trend of ΔT with [Fe/H], in contrast with previous works in the literature, which adopt a uniform relation between the various α-elements and [α/Fe]. A slight ΔT difference of 25 K was detected between stars with high and low α-enhancement. Our multivariate analysis reveals a dependence of ΔT on both [Fe/H] and [α/Fe], and highlights a significant dependence on stellar mass. This suggests a discrepancy in how effective temperature scales with stellar mass in the models compared to observations. Despite differences in assumed chemical composition, our analysis, through a fortunate cancellation effect, yields ages that are largely consistent with recent studies of the same sample. Notably, our analysis identifies a 6% fraction of stars younger than 4 Ga within the high-α population. However, our analysis of the [C/N] ratio supports the possible origin of these stars as a result of mergers or mass transfer events.
The far right in the Global South, geopolitical conflict, and the fascist present
Authors: Kumral Sefika 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis short article seeks to extend Richard Saull’s analysis of the relationship between capitalism and the far right in his “Capital, Race and Space”, focusing specifically on the Global South and its unique context within neoliberalism and its crises. Saull's framework, which explores the far right's rise through the uneven and combined development of capitalism over an extended historical period, offers valuable insights for understanding these dynamics outside the traditional centers of capitalism in the Global North. By examining the uneven and combined effects of capitalist neoliberalism, this piece argues that while the mechanisms driving the far right in Europe and the United States through neoliberal policies and crises provide a useful lens, they are not wholly sufficient to explain the distinct forms of far right regimes emerging in the Global South. These regimes are shaped by relational global contexts, which require a tailored approach to fully grasp their development and implications. Furthermore, this geographical extension of Saull’s analysis aims to enrich discussions about the contemporary relevance of fascism, drawing parallels with the historical experiences of nations like Italy and Germany that emerged as incubators of interwar fascism in the early 20th century. By shifting focus to the far right in rising or emerging nations, this work highlights the importance of considering how aspirations for great power status in the Global South may similarly foster expansionist forms of far right regimes today.
SFNet: Stellar Feature Network with CWT for Stellar Spectra Recognition
Authors: Fu Hao , Liu Peng , Qi Xuan , Mei Xue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Stellar spectral classification is crucial in astronomical data analysis. However, existing studies are often limited by the uneven distribution of stellar samples, posing challenges in practical applications. Even when balancing stellar categories and their numbers, there is room for improvement in classification accuracy. This study introduces a Continuous Wavelet Transform using the Super Morlet wavelet to convert stellar spectra into wavelet images. A novel neural network, the Stellar Feature Network, is proposed for classifying these images. Stellar spectra from Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope DR9, encompassing five equal categories (B, A, F, G, K), were used. Comparative experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and network, achieving significant improvements in classification accuracy.
The Stellar Abundances and Galactic Evolution Survey (SAGES) III
Authors: Li Chun , Fan Zhou , Zhao Gang , Wang Wei , Zheng Jie , Tan Kefeng , Zhao Jingkun , Huang Yang , Yuan Haibo , Xiao Kai , Chen Yuqin , Li Haining , Liu Yujuan , Song Nan , Esamdin Ali , Niu Hu-Biao , Liu Jin-Zhong , Feng Guo-Jie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Stellar Abundances and Galactic Evolution Survey (SAGES) is a multi-band survey that covers the northern sky area of ∼12,000 deg2. The Nanshan One-meter Wide-field Telescope (NOWT) of the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory carried out observations on g/r/i bands. Here, we present the survey strategy, data processing, catalog construction, and database schema. The observations of NOWT started in 2016 August and were completed in 2018 January, a total of 17,827 frames were obtained and ∼4600 deg2 sky areas were covered. In this paper, we release the catalog of the data in the g/r/i bands observed by NOWT. In total, there are 109,197,578 items of source records. The catalog is the supplement for the SDSS for the bright end, and the combination of our catalog and these catalogs could be helpful for source selections for other surveys and Milky Way sciences, e.g., white dwarf candidates and stellar flares.
Compensation
Authors: Hobér Kaj 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of compensation in investment arbitrations, including the basis for the right to compensation, the standards of compensation, and the most common methods for calculation of compensation. Based on a review of recent and historical case law, the determination of compensation in investment arbitration has become more sophisticated over time, as counsel and arbitrators are more familiar with the economic models used, and decisions on compensation have become more refined and well reasoned. This chapter illustrates the approaches taken by international tribunals in practice on various issues relating to compensation as well as proposes case management techniques with the aim to assist the parties and the tribunal during the course of the proceedings.
The Legal Nature of the Treaty-Based Consent to Investment Arbitration
Authors: Gronemann Martin , Krajewski Markus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the legal nature of the host state’s treaty-based consent to investor-state arbitration. Hence, it discusses the contemporary models that arbitral tribunals and scholars have developed to explain this topic. Some of these draw on private law frameworks, others draw parallels with instruments of public international law and yet others adopt a combination of private and public law concepts. In contrast to these approaches, the authors suggest that the legal nature of consent should be approached through the lens of the applicable law. Having identified a specific conflict of laws rule covering the state’s consent to investor-state arbitration, they consider the law of the host state to be the applicable legal system for the determination of the legal nature of the state consent.