bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sparing Fish Oil with Beef Tallow in Feeds for Rainbow Trout: Effects of Inclusion Rates and Finishing on Production Performance and Tissue Fatty Acid Composition
Authors: Gause Brian R , Trushenski Jesse T 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Sparing fish oil with alternative lipids in aquafeeds generally results in the loss of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) from farmed fish tissues; however, finishing feeds can be used to augment LC-PUFA levels prior to harvest. We reared Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (initial weight, 47.0 ± 0.2 g [mean ± SE]) in a recirculation aquaculture system (190-L tanks; 16.1 ± 0.0°C water temperature) on grow-out diets containing fish oil (FO; 100% FO), beef tallow (BT; 100% BT), or blends of these lipids (50% BT, 75% BT) in combination with 4, 8, or 12 weeks of finishing with the 100% FO feed (three replicate tanks per feeding regimen; N = 3). After 31 weeks, production performance was unaffected by feeding regimen: weight gain = 1,151 ± 30%, feed conversion ratio = 1.50 ± 0.03, specific growth rate = 1.15 ± 0.01% body weight/d, and feed intake = 2.19 ± 0.02% body weight/d. Replacing fish oil with beef tallow altered tissues in favor of tallow-associated monounsaturated fatty acids at the expense of fish-oil-associated LC-PUFAs. Finishing had a corrective effect on these distortions, with longer finishing periods resulting in more comprehensive restoration. The extent of profile distortion and plasticity of the fillet, liver, intraperitoneal fat, eye, gill, and brain tissues appeared to be a function of physiological demand for certain fatty acids, lipid class composition, and tissue turnover rates; however, for all tissues, profile similarity between the control (fish fed the 100% FO feed exclusively) and experimental regimens varied with cumulative fish oil intake. Our results indicate fish oil sparing with beef tallow is an effective approach to reduce the costs of Rainbow Trout production and, if combined with finishing to augment the LC-PUFA content of the edible tissues, produce more nutritious seafood while minimizing the reliance on fish oil as a feedstuff.
Crop Insurance Adjusted Panel Data Envelopment Analysis Efficiency Measures
Authors: Shaik Saleem 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Swamy‐Arora panel data envelopment analysis model is used to estimate crop insurance adjusted efficiency based on an alternative two‐way random effect panel estimator. An empirical application using data from 48 U.S. states from 1960 to 2004 indicate the crop insurance adjusted panel model underestimates (overestimates) efficiency in 35 (13) states relative to the pool model. A comparison of efficiency over three time periods—1960 to 1979, 1980 to 1995, and 1996 to 2004—suggests differential trends. The crop insurance adjusted panel model underestimates (overestimates) efficiency in 32 (16) states relative to the model without crop insurance.
Structural insights into VirB-DNA complexes reveal mechanism of transcriptional activation of virulence genes
Authors: Gao Xiaopan , Zou Tingting , Mu Zhixia , Qin Bo , Yang Jian , Waltersperger Sandro , Wang Meitian , Cui Sheng , Jin Qi 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
VirB activates transcription of virulence genes in Shigella flexneri by alleviating heat-stable nucleoid-structuring protein-mediated promoter repression. VirB is unrelated to the conventional transcriptional regulators, but homologous to the plasmid partitioning proteins. We determined the crystal structures of VirB HTH domain bound by the cis-acting site containing the inverted repeat, revealing that the VirB-DNA complex is related to ParB-ParS-like complexes, presenting an example that a ParB-like protein acts exclusively in transcriptional regulation. The HTH domain of VirB docks DNA major groove and provides multiple contacts to backbone and bases, in which the only specific base readout is mediated by R167. VirB only recognizes one half site of the inverted repeats containing the most matches to the consensus for VirB binding. The binding of VirB induces DNA conformational changes and introduces a bend at an invariant A-tract segment in the cis-acting site, suggesting a role of DNA remodeling. VirB exhibits positive cooperativity in DNA binding that is contributed by the C-terminal domain facilitating VirB oligomerization. The isolated HTH domain only confers partial DNA specificity. Additional determinants for sequence specificity may reside in N- or C-terminal domains. Collectively, our findings support and extend a previously proposed model for relieving heat-stable nucleoid-structuring protein-mediated repression by VirB.
Three-dimensional lubrication theory in viscoelastic short-bearing
Authors: Celasun Şule 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
– The advent of powerful digital computers has seen interest in non-Newtonian fluid mechanics moving towards the solution of complex flow problems for highly elastic liquids in situations of practical importance. Attention must be focussed on the possibility of three-dimensional flow characteristics occurring in seemingly two-dimensional flows. That is the case of the viscoelastic short-bearing. The planar Newtonian case was first studied, but because of the inlet and outlet boundary conditions it was necessary to consider the three-dimensional Newtonian case. There, due to computational difficulties and lack of certitude, it was assumed that the pressure is zero, due to cavitation, over the segment π<<2π. This is an unrealistic assumption. Last investigations proved that, in normal conditions, the cavitation effect is not dominant in journal bearings. The viscoelastic case is even more complicated, and so far it was not possible to tackle the problem in hand in its whole generality. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Encouraged by the new opportunities above mentioned, the paper ventured to tackle this difficult problem, in the most general conditions, that is without setting any restriction or making limiting assumptions, by the use of three-dimensional numerical methods. As the analytical methods, including the perturbation techniques, are quite inadequate to solve complex flow problems, the paper were compelled to use numerical methods, being meant to choose the treated numerical case typical and of broad application range, thus fitting into overall parameter space of the problem.

Findings
– The results were satisfactory.

Originality/value
– The paper determined that the shear-thinning is considerable, and despite the necessary torque remains the same as considered in the previous theoretical analyses, the lifting force is twice its anticipated value, the latter being an important and conclusive proof.
Mechanical and metallurgical properties of AlTiN-coated HSS materials
Authors: Sahin Mumin , Dinç Murat , Misirli Cenk 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine mechanical and metallurgical properties of AlTiN coating HSS materials in detail.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this study, high-speed steel (HSS) parts were processed by the way of machining and were coated with AlTiN on physical vapour deposition (PVD) workbench at approximately 650°C for 4 h. Tensile strength, fatigue strength and hardness tests for AlTiN coated HSS samples were performed. Samples were also analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were compared with uncoated HSS components.

Findings
– It was found that an amorphous aluminium-oxide layer emerges on surface of parts by AlTiN coating. This layer prevents further oxide formations. The coating thickness of AlTiN-coated sample is between 1,530 and 1,558 μm. Compared to uncoated HSS, AlTiN coated HSS gives higher performance.

Research limitations/implications
– It would be interesting to search different coatings for cutting tools. It could be the good idea for future work concentrated wear properties on tool materials using different coatings.

Originality/value
– This paper provides information on mechanical and metallurgical behaviour of AlTiN coated HSS materials and offers practical help for the researchers and scientists working in the coating area.
Investigations of constant-flow valves for hydrostatic bearings
Authors: Kang Yuan , Peng De-Xing , Lee Hsing-Han , Hu Sheng-Yan , Chang Yeon-Pun 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
– Constant flow valves have been presented in industrial applications or academic studies, which compensate pressures of bearing recesses as load fluctuates. The flow rate of constant-flow valves (CFVs) can be constant in spite of the pressure changes in recesses. However, specific condition of design parameters must be satisfied. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper utilizes analytical method to study the static characteristics of CFVs, three types belong to traditional design of CFV are reviewed afresh. Moreover, an innovative design for constant flow is presented and studied.

Findings
– The review and study results reveal that appropriate relationships among design parameters for these types of CFVs.

Originality/value
– The numerical simulation is used to investigate the influence of design parameters on the change of flow rate when pressure ratio of recess is changed.
Study of soybean lecithin as multifunctional lubricating additives
Authors: Li Weimin , Wu Yanxia , Wang Xiaobo , Liu Weimin 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the antirust, tribological performance and anti-wear (AW) mechanism of the of soybean lecithin (SL) as a kind of multifunctional lubricant additive.

Design/methodology/approach
– As a kind of multifunctional lubricant additive, the antirust performance of SL was tested according to ASTM D 665, and meanwhile, its tribological performances were also evaluated by Optimol SRV-I oscillating reciprocating friction and wear tester and four ball tester. The worn steel surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Findings
– The results showed that the SL exhibited excellent antirust properties in different base stock, and could effectively improve the AW and extreme pressure (EP) performances. The results of SEM and XPS indicated that a protective film was formed between steel-steel friction pair during the tribological test.

Originality/value
– This paper first investigated the antirust properties and the tribological mechanism of the SL as a kind of multifunctional lubricant additive, which can be very useful and will promote the application of SL in lubricant industry.
Is there a pan-European perspective on evidence-based practice in child welfare? A critical reflection
Authors: Grietens Hans 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
– This paper is about the implementation of the evidence-based practice paradigm in child welfare in Europe. Our main question is whether there is a pan-European perspective on evidence-based working in this area, and if so, how it can be characterised.

Design/methodology/approach
– We try to answer this question by means of a theoretical analysis, which is focusing on three issues: the construct “Europe”, recent evolutions in child welfare on the continent and the implementation of the evidence-based practice paradigm in child welfare.

Findings
– Europe is a patchwork of regions, cultures and laws. This impacts practice. Since more than a decade now, the evidence-based practice paradigm conquered child welfare. This evolution was preceded by a movement towards children's rights and quality of care. The way the paradigm is interpreted and put into practice in Europe is largely influenced by regional policies and local view points, which means there is no pan-European perspective on evidence-based working in child welfare.

Originality/value
– The lack of a pan-European perspective may be a strength, because it helps to blend evidence-based working with the need for an inclusive and culturally sensitive child welfare practice.
Legal process outsourcing: the provider landscape
Authors: Lacity Mary C. , Willcocks Leslie P. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeNearly all legal firms and in‐house counsels will have to consider the opportunities and risks afforded by the rapidly changing legal process outsourcing (LPO) market, estimated to be worth $2.4bn globally, and growing rapidly. The purpose of this Industry Insight is to assess the current LPO provider landscape by analyzing data on 27 LPO providers.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyzed LPO provider data collected in 2011 by Orbys, a leading sourcing and transformation advisory firm based in Europe. The 27 providers in the sample include specialist LPO providers, full service LPO providers, and global BPO providers that offer LPO services. The authors assessed LPO provider services, provider competencies, geographic location, pricing, team composition, and staff turnover rates.FindingsThe LPO providers in the sample provide a variety of services, including litigation, intellectual property, corporate, compliance, procurement, employment, property, and consulting services. LPO providers allocated most of their human resources to litigation (26 percent), intellectual property (14 percent) and corporate/compliance (12 percent) services. LPO providers balance team composition – the percentage of onshore resources located close to the client versus offshore resources in low‐cost locations – to reduce client costs while still delivering quality services. The average team composition average was 22 percent of resources onshore and 78 percent of resources offshore, mostly in India. The authors also analyzed LPO prices by skill level and location. For example, the average daily rate for a fully qualified lawyer based in India was $248. LPO provider turnover rates ranged from 3 percent to 34 percent, with an average turnover of 15 percent.Practical implicationsThis research on the LPO provider landscape helps to inform potential clients about LPO services and the global LPO landscape. The authors also identify three practices to help clients achieve success with LPO engagements. First, consider overall value, not just price. Second, mediate the effects of high LPO provider turnover. Third, assess and develop client‐retained capabilities, because outsourcing legal services is not about abdicating responsibility, but about learning to manage legal services in a different way.Originality/valueLegal process outsourcing is the next evolution in the provision of services. Because the LPO market is less mature than the information technology outsourcing (ITO) and business process outsourcing (BPO) markets, very little research has been done on LPO in general or on LPO provider capabilities specifically. This Industry Insight helps to bridge the knowledge gap.
Relationship between γ‐interferon gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to brucellosis infection
Authors: Eskandari‐Nasab Ebrahim , Moghadampour Mehdi , Hasani Seyed‐Shahaboddin , Hadadi‐fishani Mehdi , Mirghanizadeh‐Bafghi Seyyed‐Ali , Asadi‐Saghandi Abolghasem , Zare Fateme , Sadeghi‐Kalani Behrooz , Ghazali‐bina Mehran 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTInterferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the defense mechanism against Brucella infection. It was hypothesized that the IFN‐γ in (+874 A/T in intron 1) TT and +5644 T/A, TT genotypes, which are reportedly associated with high IFN production, are associated with susceptibility to brucellosis in Iranian subjects. Genotyping of these IFN‐γ variants by an allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction method was performed in 281 subjects, comprising 153 patients with active brucellosis and 128 healthy controls. It was found that the +874 minor allele (A) and homozygote genotype (AA) were significantly more frequently present in brucellosis patients than in controls (OR = 2.588; 95% CI, 1.313–5.104;P = 0.006 for the AA genotype; OR = 1.575; 95% CI, 1.124–2.216;P = 0.010 for the A allele). However, the allelic and genotypic distribution of the IFN‐γ polymorphism at position UTR5644 A>T did not differ significantly between patients and controls (P > 0.05). The distribution of haplotypes in this study suggests that the T/A haplotype (+874/UTR5644), which was present more frequently in controls than in patients, may protect subjects against Brucella infection. It is suggested that IFN‐γ +874 AA genotype and A allele are risk factors for developing brucellosis infection in Iranian subjects.
A genetic algorithm for filter design to enhance features in seismic images
Authors: Orozco‐del‐Castillo M.G. , Ortiz‐Alemán C. , Urrutia‐Fucugauchi J. , Martin R. , Rodriguez‐Castellanos A. , Villaseñor‐Rojas P.E. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWe present a novel method to enhance seismic data for manual and automatic interpretation. We use a genetic algorithm to optimize a kernel that, when convolved with the seismic image, appears to enhance the internal characteristics of salt bodies and the sub‐salt stratigraphy. The performance of the genetic algorithm was validated by the use of test images prior to its application on the seismic data. We present the evolution of the resulting kernel and its convolved image. This image was analysed by a seismic interpreter, highlighting possible advantages over the original one. The effects of the kernel were also subject to an automatic interpretation technique based on principal component analysis. Statistical comparison of these results with those from the original image, by means of the Mann‐Whitney U‐test, proved the convolved image to be more appropriate for automatic interpretation.
Surface L‐type Ca2+ channel expression levels are increased in aged hippocampus
Authors: Núñez‐Santana Félix Luis , Oh Myongsoo Matthew , Antion Marcia Diana , Lee Amy , Hell Johannes Wilhelm , Disterhoft John Francis 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAge‐related increase in L‐type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) expression in hippocampal pyramidal neurons has been hypothesized to underlie the increased Ca2+ influx and subsequent reduced intrinsic neuronal excitability of these neurons that lead to age‐related cognitive deficits. Here, using specific antibodies against Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 subunits of LTCCs, we systematically re‐examined the expression of these proteins in the hippocampus from young (3 to 4 month old) and aged (30 to 32 month old) F344xBN rats. Western blot analysis of the total expression levels revealed significant reductions in both Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 subunits from all three major hippocampal regions of aged rats. Despite the decreases in total expression levels, surface biotinylation experiments revealed significantly higher proportion of expression on the plasma membrane of Cav1.2 in the CA1 and CA3 regions and of Cav1.3 in the CA3 region from aged rats. Furthermore, the surface biotinylation results were supported by immunohistochemical analysis that revealed significant increases in Cav1.2 immunoreactivity in the CA1 and CA3 regions of aged hippocampal pyramidal neurons. In addition, we found a significant increase in the level of phosphorylated Cav1.2 on the plasma membrane in the dentate gyrus of aged rats. Taken together, our present findings strongly suggest that age‐related cognitive deficits cannot be attributed to a global change in L‐type channel expression nor to the level of phosphorylation of Cav1.2 on the plasma membrane of hippocampal neurons. Rather, increased expression and density of LTCCs on the plasma membrane may underlie the age‐related increase in L‐type Ca2+ channel activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons.
Trichoscopic findings in alopecia areata and their relation to disease activity, severity and clinical subtype in Turkish patients
Authors: Kibar Melike , Aktan Şebnem , Lebe Banu , Bilgin Muzaffer 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveTrichoscopic studies of alopecia areata are helpful in the non‐invasive diagnosis and prediction of the course of the disease. The objective was to determine the relationship of trichoscopic findings in alopecia areata with disease activity, severity and clinical subtype in Turkish patients.MethodsTrichoscopic examinations of 39 patients with alopecia areata were compared with 309 alopecia patients including psoriasis (n = 31), seborrhoeic dermatitis (n = 112), female androgenetic alopecia (n = 138), male androgenetic alopecia (n = 63), female androgenetic alopecia of male pattern (n = 5), telogen effluvium (n = 22) and trichotillomania (n = 4). A χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were used for the statistical analysis. The odds ratios were calculated by cross tabulation.ResultsThere was no relationship between the alopecia areata subtype and trichoscopic findings. On the other hand, a honeycomb hyperpigmentation pattern, cumulus‐like clustered white dots, white dots and black dotted pigmentation related to severe disease, while exclamation mark hairs related to mild disease. Exclamation mark hairs were found to be related to active disease while atypical red vessels and white dots were negatively related to disease activity.ConclusionIn our study, further characteristic trichoscopic findings were detected in alopecia areata such as clustered white dots, multi‐hair follicular unit, hidden hairs and black dotted pigmentation, in addition to previous findings. Hence, it is concluded that the identification and prediction of alopecia areata might be straightforward with the help of these new signs such as activation and severity findings.
Heterogeneity of alleles encoding high‐ and low‐prevalence red blood cell antigens across Africa: useful data to facilitate transfusion in African patients
Authors: Silvy Monique , Beley Sophie , Granier Thomas , Ba Alhassane , Chiaroni Jacques , Bailly Pascal 
Published: August 2013

SummaryEthnic variations in red blood cell (RBC) antigens can be a source of alloimmunization, especially in migrant populations. To improve transfusion safety in continental Africa and countries with African migrants, we performed RBC genotyping to determine allele frequencies coding for high‐ and low‐prevalence antigens. A total of 481 blood samples were collected in ethnic groups from West, Central and East Africa. Molecular typing was performed using a polymerase chain reaction – reverse sequence specific oligonucleotide method. Results demonstrated no DI*1, DI*3, YT*2, SC*2, LW*7, KN*2 alleles in any sample and the CO*2 allele was rare. The frequency of LU*1 was comparable to that of European‐Caucasians (2%) except in Biaka pygmies (8%). The frequency of CROM*−1 was high in Mbuti pygmies (13%). High frequency of KN*7 and KN*6 may reflect selection pressure in the countries investigated. Analysis of Dombrock allele patterns confirmed uneven distribution of the DO*1 and DO*2 alleles with high frequencies of DO*−4 and DO*−5 in all groups. Altogether, findings demonstrated extensive allele‐frequency heterogeneity across Africa and suggested that knowledge of patient ethnicity gives information about the high‐prevalence antigens that may be lacking. These data are medically useful to support transfusion care of African migrants living in countries where the majority of the population is from a different ethnical background.