bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Existing Ground-Based Remote Sensing Networks to Improve High-Resolution Weather Forecasts
Authors: Illingworth A. J. , Cimini D. , Gaffard C. , Haeffelin M. , Lehmann V. , Löhnert U. , O’Connor E. J. , Ruffieux D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new generation of high-resolution (1 km) forecast models promises to revolutionize the prediction of hazardous weather such as windstorms, flash floods, and poor air quality. To realize this promise, a dense observing network, focusing on the lower few kilometers of the atmosphere, is required to verify these new forecast models with the ultimate goal of assimilating the data. At present there are insufficient systematic observations of the vertical profiles of water vapor, temperature, wind, and aerosols; a major constraint is the absence of funding to install new networks. A recent research program financed by the European Union, tasked with addressing this lack of observations, demonstrated that the assimilation of observations from an existing wind profiler network reduces forecast errors, provided that the individual instruments are strategically located and properly maintained. Additionally, it identified three further existing European networks of instruments that are currently underexploited, but with minimal expense they could deliver quality-controlled data to national weather services in near–real time, so the data could be assimilated into forecast models. Specifically, 1) several hundred automatic lidars and ceilometers can provide backscatter profiles associated with aerosol and cloud properties and structures with 30-m vertical resolution every minute; 2) more than 20 Doppler lidars, a fairly new technology, can measure vertical and horizontal winds in the lower atmosphere with a vertical resolution of 30 m every 5 min; and 3) about 30 microwave profilers can estimate profiles of temperature and humidity in the lower few kilometers every 10 min. Examples of potential benefits from these instruments are presented.
The Hawaiian Educational Radar Opportunity (HERO)
Authors: Bell Michael M. , Ballard Robert A. , Bauman Mark , Foerster Annette M. , Frambach Andrew , Kosiba Karen A. , Lee Wen-Chau , Rees Shannon L. , Wurman Joshua 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A National Science Foundation sponsored educational deployment of a Doppler on Wheels radar called the Hawaiian Educational Radar Opportunity (HERO) was conducted on O‘ahu from 21 October to 13 November 2013. This was the first-ever deployment of a polarimetric X-band (3 cm) research radar in Hawaii. A unique fine-resolution radar and radiosonde dataset was collected during 16 intensive observing periods through a collaborative effort between University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa undergraduate and graduate students and the National Weather Service’s Weather Forecast Office in Honolulu. HERO was the field component of MET 628 “Radar Meteorology,” with 12 enrolled graduate students who collected and analyzed the data as part of the course. Extensive community outreach was conducted, including participation in a School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology open house event with over 7,500 visitors from local K–12 schools and the public. An overview of the HERO project and highlights of some interesting tropical rain and cloud observations are described. Phenomena observed by the radar include cumulus clouds, trade wind showers, deep convective thunderstorms, and a widespread heavy rain event associated with a cold frontal passage. Detailed cloud and precipitation structures and their interactions with O‘ahu terrain, unique dual-polarization signatures, and the implications for the dynamics and microphysics of tropical convection are presented.
Detecting and Characterizing Ekman Currents in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Roach Christopher J. , Phillips Helen E. , Bindoff Nathaniel L. , Rintoul Stephen R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study presents a unique array of velocity profiles from Electromagnetic Autonomous Profiling Explorer (EM-APEX) profiling floats in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) north of Kerguelen. The authors use these profiles to examine the nature of Ekman spirals, formed by the action of the wind on the ocean’s surface, in light of Ekman’s classical linear theory and more recent enhancements. Vertical decay scales of the Ekman spirals were estimated independently from current amplitude and rotation. Assuming a vertically uniform geostrophic current, decay scales from the Ekman current heading were twice as large as those from the current speed decay, indicating a compressed spiral, consistent with prior observations and violating the classical theory. However, if geostrophic shear is accurately removed, the observed Ekman spiral is as predicted by classical theory and decay scales estimated from amplitude decay and rotation converge toward a common value. No statistically robust relationship is found between stratification and Ekman decay scales. The results indicate that compressed spirals observed in the Southern Ocean arise from aliasing of depth-varying geostrophic currents into the Ekman spiral, as opposed to surface trapping of Ekman currents associated with stratification, and extends the geographical area of similar results from Drake Passage (Polton et al. 2013). Accounting for this effect, the authors find that constant viscosity Ekman models offer a reasonable description of momentum mixing into the upper ocean in the ACC north of Kerguelen. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of a new method and provide additional evidence that the same processes are active for the entire Southern Ocean.
Blending of Global and Regional Analyses with a Spatial Filter: Application to Typhoon Prediction over the Western North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Hsiao Ling-Feng , Huang Xiang-Yu , Kuo Ying-Hwa , Chen Der-Song , Wang Hongli , Tsai Chin-Cheng , Yeh Tien-Chiang , Hong Jing-Shan , Fong Chin-Tzu , Lee Cheng-Shang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA blending method to merge the NCEP global analysis with the regional analysis from the WRF variational data assimilation system is implemented using a spatial filter for the purpose of initializing the Typhoon WRF (TWRF) Model, which has been in operation at Taiwan’s Central Weather Bureau (CWB) since 2010. The blended analysis is weighted toward the NCEP global analysis for scales greater than the cutoff length of 1200 km, and is weighted toward the WRF regional analysis for length below that. TWRF forecast experiments on 19 typhoons from July to October 2013 over the western North Pacific Ocean show that the large-scale analysis from NCEP GFS is superior to that of the regional analysis, which significantly improves the typhoon track forecasts. On the other hand, the regional WRF analysis provides a well-developed typhoon structure and more accurately captures the influence of the Taiwan topography on the typhoon circulation. As a result, the blended analysis takes advantage of the large-scale analysis from the NCEP global analysis and the detailed mesoscale analysis from the regional WRF analysis. In additional to the improved track forecast, the blended analysis also provides more accurate rainfall forecasts for typhoons affecting Taiwan. Because of the improved performance, the blending method has been implemented in the CWB operational TWRF typhoon prediction system.
Constructing Memory through Television in Argentina
Authors: Feld Claudia 
Published: February 2015

Television represents Argentina’s recent past through three specific links with social memory: as an “entrepreneur of memory,” shaping public agendas, as a vehicle of intergenerational transmission of past events, and as a creator of meaning through images, sounds, and words, a “stage for memory.” An analysis in terms of the links between television and the memories constructed around the forced disappearance of persons during the 1976–1983 military dictatorship reveals the complex way in which the obstacles when narrating an extreme experience are combined with the attempt to sell a product and entertain the spectator. La televisión representa el pasado reciente de la Argentina a través de vínculos específicos con la memoria social: como un “emprendedor de la memoria” definiendo las agendas públicas, como un vehículo de transmisión intergeneracional sobre el pasado y como un creador de significados por medio de imágenes, sonidos y palabras, esto es, un “escenario para la memoria.” Un análisis de los vínculos entre televisión y memorias, construido alrededor de la desaparición forzada de personas durante la dictadura militar de 1976 a 1983, revela la manera compleja en la cual los obstáculos para relatar ese periodo trágico se combinan con el intento de vender un producto y entretener al espectador.
Infected Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Patton Daniel , Kiewiet Nathan , Brage Michael 
Published: February 2015

Background: Infections in total ankle arthroplasty are a serious complication, about which there is little information in the current literature. Methods: This is a retrospective review of infected total ankle arthroplasty at one institution from 1995 to 2012. Risk factors were compared between patients with infected total ankle arthroplasty and age- and sex-matched patients who did not have infection (control patients) within the same time period. Results: 966 patients with total ankle arthroplasty were reviewed, and 29 cases of infected total ankle arthroplasty (3.2%) were identified. The incidence of infection in primary ankle arthroplasty was 2.4% and in revision arthroplasty was 4%. Risk factors for infection in our cohort included diabetes, prior ankle surgery, and wound healing problems more than 14 days postoperatively. No significant difference was found between groups with respect to risk factors including smoking, body mass index, and operative time. At latest follow-up, none of the patients had signs of persistent infection. Operative intervention of infected total ankle arthroplasty resulted in limb salvage in 79% of cases (a 21% amputation rate). At final follow-up, 65.5% of cases were infection-free with retained arthroplasty. This was achieved by irrigation and debridement alone, 1-stage fusion, and most often 2-stage revision. The final outcome was fusion in 3 of 29 cases (10.3%). Conclusions: Given the morbidity of infected ankle arthroplasty, careful consideration should be made about performing arthroplasty in patients with multiple prior surgeries and comorbidities that predispose to wound-healing difficulties. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Effectiveness of Music Listening in Patients With Total Knee Replacement During CPM Rehabilitation
Authors: Hsu Chih-Chung , Chen Wei-Ming , Chen Su-Ru , Tseng Yen-Ting , Lin Pi-Chu 
Published: February 2015

Aim: This study investigated the effects of music listening on the anxiety, heart rate variability (HRV), and joint range of motion (ROM) of patients undergoing continuous passive motion (CPM) after total knee replacement surgery. Method: An experimental design was used. Participants in the experimental group ( n = 49) listened to music from 10 min before receiving CPM until the end of the session (25 min in total) on the first and second day following surgery, whereas participants in the control group ( n = 42) did not listen to music but rested quietly in bed starting 10 min before and throughout CPM. Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited significantly lower anxiety levels ( p < .05) and increased CPM angles ( p < .05) during treatment and increased active flexion ROM ( p < .05) upon discharge. The low-frequency (LF)/high-frequency (HF) power ratio, normalized LF HRV, and normalized HF HRV of the two groups differed significantly, indicating that the patients in the experimental group had greater parasympathetic activity compared with those in the control group. Conclusion: Music listening can effectively reduce patient anxiety and enhance the ROM of their joints during postoperative rehabilitation. Health-care practitioners should consider including music listening as a routine practice for postoperative rehabilitation following orthopedic surgery.
Effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers, candesartan, on osteoprotegerin level in hypertensive patients: Link between bone and RAAS
Authors: Oz H , Gavish D , Hass A , Shargorodsky M 
Published: February 2015

Introduction: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has recently been considered as a possible link between bone and vascular disease. The present study was designed to determine the effect of the angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan on circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) in hypertensive patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Material and methods: A total of 69 hypertensive patients were randomized to two groups: Group 1 included patients treated with oral candesartan in doses of 16 mg to 32 mg per day in addition to routine standard of care (routine care + ARB), and Group 2 included patients who received routine standard of care other than ARBs or ACEIs, with no change to their treatment (routine care). Patients were evaluated for lipid profile, HbA1C, insulin, C-peptide, CRP, aldosterone, renin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and OPG. Results: Baseline OPG levels did not differ significantly by treatment group. Post-treatment serum OPG levels were marginally lower in Group1 compared with Group 2; however, this decrease did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.077). Conclusions: In the present study, treatment with the ARB candesartan had no significant effect on circulating OPG levels in hypertensive patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to estimate an effect of candesartan on bone remodeling marker such as OPG.
An open-label phase 2 trial of entospletinib (GS-9973), a selective spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Sharman Jeff , Hawkins Michael , Kolibaba Kathryn , Boxer Michael , Klein Leonard , Wu Meihua , Hu Jing , Abella Steve , Yasenchak Chris 
Published: February 2015

Key Points
Entospletinib is a selective inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase, which is implicated in the pathobiology of B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Entospletinib shows clinical activity in subjects with relapsed or refractory CLL with acceptable toxicity.
Levosimendan affects oxidative and inflammatory pathways in the diaphragm of ventilated endotoxemic mice
Authors: Schellekens Willem-Jan M , van Hees Hieronymus WH , Linkels Marianne , Dekhuijzen PN Richard , Scheffer Gert Jan , van der Hoeven Johannes G , Heunks Leo MA 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Controlled mechanical ventilation and endotoxemia are associated with diaphragm muscle atrophy and dysfunction. Oxidative stress and activation of inflammatory pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of diaphragmatic dysfunction. Levosimendan, a cardiac inotrope, has been reported to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of levosimendan on markers for diaphragm nitrosative and oxidative stress, inflammation and proteolysis in a mouse model of endotoxemia and mechanical ventilation.

Methods
Three groups were studied: (1) unventilated mice (CON, n =8), (2) mechanically ventilated endotoxemic mice (MV LPS, n =17) and (3) mechanically ventilated endotoxemic mice treated with levosimendan (MV LPS + L, n =17). Immediately after anesthesia (CON) or after 8 hours of mechanical ventilation, blood and diaphragm muscle were harvested for biochemical analysis.

Results
Mechanical ventilation and endotoxemia increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and cytokine levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine, and decreased IL-10, in the diaphragm; however, they had no effect on protein nitrosylation and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein concentrations. Levosimendan decreased nitrosylated proteins by 10% (P <0.05) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein concentrations by 13% (P <0.05), but it augmented the rise of iNOS mRNA by 47% (P <0.05). Levosimendan did not affect the inflammatory response in the diaphragm induced by mechanical ventilation and endotoxemia.

Conclusions
Mechanical ventilation in combination with endotoxemia results in systemic and diaphragmatic inflammation. Levosimendan partly decreased markers of nitrosative and oxidative stress, but did not affect the inflammatory response.
A virtual queue-based back-pressure scheduling algorithm for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Jiao Zhenzhen , Zhang Baoxian , Gong Wei , Mouftah Hussein 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we design a new virtual queue-based back-pressure scheduling algorithm (VBR) for achieving significant delay reduction in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Our algorithm design comes from an observation that classical back-pressure scheduling algorithm usually needs a long period of time to form a queue backlog-based gradient in a network, which decreases towards the sink in the network, before achieving stable packet delivery performance. To address this issue, VBR is designed to pre-build proper virtual queue-based gradient at nodes in a WSN, which is chosen to be a function of traffic arrival rate, link rate, and distance to sink, in order to be adaptive to different network and application environments while achieving high network performance. Moreover, the queue backlog differential between each pair of neighbor nodes is decided by their actual queue lengths and also their virtual queue lengths (gradient values). We prove that VBR can maintain back-pressure scheduling’s throughput optimality. Simulation result shows that VBR can obtain significant performance improvement in terms of packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, and average queue length as compared with existing work.
Double Vision Is a Major Manifestation in Moderate to Severe Graves' Orbitopathy, but It Correlates Negatively With Inflammatory Signs and Proptosis
Authors: Laurberg Peter , Berman Dalia C. , Pedersen Inge Bülow , Andersen Stig , Carlé Allan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Context:
Double vision (diplopia) is a major determinant of work disability in patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO), but is not part of the classification NOSPECS classification of GO.

Objective:
The objectives of the study were to quantitate diplopia in patients with moderate to severe GO and to study associations with other disease and patient variables.

Design:
This was a single-center prospective study of consecutive patients at the time of referral.

Setting:
The study was conducted at the University Hospital Thyroid-Eye Clinic.

Patients:
Patients included 216 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe and active GO.

Main Outcome Measures:
Binocular diplopia in field of gaze and monocular fields of motility were prospectively recorded on diagrams and measured by planimetry. Fields of diplopia were correlated to other disease and patient variables.

Results:
Six patients had only one functional eye and were excluded. Among the remaining 210 patients, diplopia was present in 75.2%. In patients with diplopia, this ranged from 5% to 100% (observed in 11.4% of patients) of binocular field of gaze. The field of diplopia correlated positively with eye motility restriction and with asymmetrical affection of orbits but negatively with signs of inflammation and proptosis that often are the main outcome measures in clinical studies of GO therapy.

Conclusion:
Diplopia is very common in moderate to severe GO and a major cause for active therapy. In moderate to severe GO, the field of diplopia correlates negatively with some other indicators of disease activity, which may be explained by the physiological properties of binocular fusion.
The Value of Field Experiments
Authors: Li Jimmy Q. , Rusmevichientong Paat , Simester Duncan , Tsitsiklis John N. , Zoumpoulis Spyros I. 
Published: February 2015

The feasibility of using field experiments to optimize marketing decisions remains relatively unstudied. We investigate category pricing decisions that require estimating a large matrix of cross-product demand elasticities and ask the following question: How many experiments are required as the number of products in the category grows? Our main result demonstrates that if the categories have a favorable structure, we can learn faster and reduce the number of experiments that are required: the number of experiments required may grow just logarithmically with the number of products. These findings potentially have important implications for the application of field experiments. Firms may be able to obtain meaningful estimates using a practically feasible number of experiments, even in categories with a large number of products. We also provide a relatively simple mechanism that firms can use to evaluate whether a category has a structure that makes it feasible to use field experiments to set prices. We illustrate how to accomplish this using either a sample of historical data or a pilot set of experiments. We also discuss how to evaluate whether field experiments can help optimize other marketing decisions, such as selecting which products to advertise or promote.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2066 .This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Do Managers Withhold Good News from Labor Unions?
Authors: Chung Richard , Lee Bryan Byung-Hee , Lee Woo-Jong , Sohn Byungcherl Charlie 
Published: February 2015

With scarce empirical support, prior literature argues that managers tend to withhold good news and promote bad news to preserve their bargaining power against labor unions. This paper provides empirical evidence of this rarely supported argument. Using comprehensive firm-level data from South Korea, where labor unions have a long tradition of making credible threats, we find that overall disclosure frequency is negatively related to labor union strength, and that this relation is more pronounced in firms with good news. We also find that firms with strong labor unions withhold good news during the labor negotiation period and release it in a gradual fashion afterward and that this pattern is more prominent than that of firms with weak or no unions, implying that managers time news disclosures according to bargaining schedules to achieve better outcomes in labor negotiations. These results are robust to various sensitivity tests.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2075 .This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.