bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxford, Christ Church Music MSS 984–8: An Index and Commentary
Authors: Mateer David 
Published: January 2013

Robert Dow, the original owner of Oxford, Christ Church (Och) MSS 984–8, was the eldest son of Robert Dow (1517–1612), citizen and Merchant Taylor of London. According to the 1568 Heraldic Visitation of London, Robert junior was fifteen at that time, and so was born in 1553; he had four brothers, John, Henry, Thomas and Richard, aged twelve, ten, five and two and a half years respectively. Since both John and Henry attended Merchant Taylors’ School, it is probable that Robert did likewise, though we cannot be certain of this since no accurate register of pupils was kept until Robert Dow senior instituted the School's Probation Books in 1607. Another not unreasonable expectation would be that the young Robert went up to St John's College, Oxford, given his father's munificience towards that College and its strong links with the Merchant Taylors’ Company. However, such an assumption would be unwarranted, and indeed, no Oxford college has any official record of him as an undergraduate. Fortunately in the British Library there are three holograph letters in Latin from Dow to Lord Burghley, dated 20 September, 4 October and 8 November 1573, written ‘Oxoniae (Oxonij), in Collegio Corporis Christi’. Since he does not sign himself ‘discipulus’ or ‘alumnus’, it is hardly surprising that there is no mention of his name in the College's Registers, and therefore the most likely explanation for his presence at Corpus Christi is that he was a gentleman-commoner, though this cannot be verified. Whatever his status, we know that Robert Dow definitely proceeded B.A., for the Oxford University Register of Congregation and Convocation 1564–82 has the following entry for 12 October 1573 recording his supplication for that degree:
Supplicat etc. Robertus Dowe scholaris facultatis artium quatenus in studio dialectices quatuor annos posuerit generalis creatus fuerit bacchalaurio xlma respondent ceteraque omnia perfecerit quae per nova statuta requiruntur ut haec ei sufficiant ut admittatur ad aliquem librum logices legendum. Concessa [est] modo determinet proxima xlma 7.
Human Adipose Stem Cells
Authors: Gir Phanette , Oni Georgette , Brown Spencer A. , Mojallal Ali , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: January 2013

Summary:
Adipose-derived stem cells are multipotent cells that can easily be extracted from adipose tissue, are capable of expansion in vitro, and have the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, which have the potential for use in regenerative medicine. However, several issues need to be studied to determine safe human use. For example, there are questions related to isolation and purification of adipose-derived stem cells, their effect on tumor growth, and the enforcement of U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations. Numerous studies have been published, with the interest in the potential for regenerative medicine continually growing. Several clinical trials using human adipose stem cell therapy are currently being performed around the world, and there has been a rapid evolution and expansion of their number. The purpose of this article was to review the current published basic science evidence and ongoing clinical trials involving the use of adipose-derived stem cells in plastic surgery and in regenerative medicine in general. The results of the studies and clinical trials using adipose-derived stem cells reported in this review seem to be promising not only in plastic surgery but also in a wide variety of other specialties. Nevertheless, those reported showed disparity in the way adipose-derived stem cells were used. Further basic science experimental studies with standardized protocols and larger randomized trials need to be performed to ensure safety and efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells use in accordance with U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines.
The Tear Trough Ligament
Authors: Wong Chin-Ho , Hsieh Michael K. H. , Mendelson Bryan 
Published: January 2013

Background:
The exact anatomical cause of the tear trough remains undefined. This study was performed to identify the anatomical basis for the tear trough deformity.

Methods:
Forty-eight cadaveric hemifaces were dissected. With the skin over the midcheek intact, the tear trough area was approached through the preseptal space above and prezygomatic space below. The origins of the palpebral and orbital parts of the orbicularis oculi (which sandwich the ligament) were released meticulously from the maxilla, and the tear trough ligament was isolated intact and in continuity with the orbicularis retaining ligament. The ligaments were submitted for histologic analysis.

Results:
A true osteocutaneous ligament called the tear trough ligament was consistently found on the maxilla, between the palpebral and orbital parts of the orbicularis oculi, cephalad and caudal to the ligament, respectively. It commences medially, at the level of the insertion of the medial canthal tendon, just inferior to the anterior lacrimal crest, to approximately the medial-pupil line, where it continues laterally as the bilayered orbicularis retaining ligament. Histologic evaluation confirmed the ligamentous nature of the tear trough ligament, with features identical to those of the zygomatic ligament.

Conclusions:
This study clearly demonstrated that the prominence of the tear trough has its anatomical origin in the tear trough ligament. This ligament has not been isolated previously using standard dissection, but using the approach described, the tear trough ligament is clearly seen. The description of this ligament sheds new light on considerations when designing procedures to address the tear trough and the midcheek.
Two-Stage Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction Using AlloDerm Including Outcomes of Different Timings of Radiotherapy
Authors: Spear Scott L. , Seruya Mitchel , Rao Samir S. , Rottman Steven , Stolle Ellen , Cohen Michael , Rose Kirsten M. , Parikh Pranay M. , Nahabedian Maurice Y. 
Published: January 2013

Background:
The authors compared the outcomes of two-stage, acellular dermal matrix (AlloDerm)-assisted prosthetic breast reconstruction including different timings of radiotherapy.

Methods:
A review of two-stage, AlloDerm-assisted, prosthetic breast reconstructions from 2004 to 2010 was performed. All data were recorded prospectively and the study population was stratified by the timing of radiotherapy. Complications were analyzed following first- and second-stage reconstruction. The Spear-Baker classification of capsular contracture was modified for irradiated devices. Reconstructive failure was defined as nonelective removal of a breast prosthesis.

Results:
AlloDerm-assisted prosthetic reconstruction was performed in 289 women (428 breasts). After first-stage reconstruction, clinically significant capsular contracture rates (grade III/IV) were higher in the radiation therapy during expansion group and in the radiation therapy before mastectomy group compared with the no–radiation therapy group. Three hundred fifty-three breasts (85.9 percent) successfully underwent second-stage reconstruction, with a median follow-up of 15.2 months. Of those 353 breasts, clinically significant capsular contracture (grade III/IV) was highest in the radiation therapy during expansion group. More often than in the other groups, the radiation therapy during expansion group failed two-stage reconstruction and required flaps in addition or as replacement.

Conclusions:
In AlloDerm-assisted prosthetic breast reconstruction, irradiated devices demonstrated higher rates of clinically significant capsular contracture following the first stage. These rates declined considerably on completion of reconstruction, with prostheses irradiated during expansion still having the highest frequency of clinically significant capsular contracture. With the follow-up reported, irradiated devices failed breast reconstruction less frequently and required autologous tissue less often than has been historically reported without acellular dermal matrix.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Preoperative Computed Tomographic Angiography of Both Donor and Recipient Sites for Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Kim Hyungsuk , Lim So-Young , Pyon Jai-Kyong , Bang Sa-Ik , Oh Kap Sung , Mun Goo-Hyun 
Published: January 2013

Background:
Computed tomographic angiography is widely used for obtaining vascular information about the abdominal donor site for microsurgical breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to report the authors' experience using preoperative computed tomographic angiography of both donor and recipient sites for a series of microsurgical breast reconstruction procedures.

Methods:
A total of 71 patients preparing for autologous breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps underwent preoperative computed tomographic angiography with scanned fields ranging from the clavicle to the pubic symphysis. Preoperative evaluation included computed tomography–based anatomy of the intercostal space, the internal mammary artery and vein, and the internal mammary artery perforator to determine which intercostal space was to be approached. The volume of the breast and the volume of the abdominal flap were calculated using computed tomography–based volumetry.

Results:
In 67 patients, the internal mammary vessel was exposed expeditiously at the preoperatively designated intercostal space by the rib-sparing technique. The design of flaps, including vascular pedicles, was accomplished with the aid of the computed tomography–based volumetric ratio (mean, 0.64) between the breast and abdominal flaps of patients. The volumetric ratio ultimately correlated with the ratio of the weight of the actual flap inset to the harvested flap weight (mean, 0.63).

Conclusions:
Preoperative computed tomographic angiography of both donor and recipient sites provides valuable information for planning and executing microsurgical breast reconstruction. Computed tomography–based anatomy and volumetry facilitate the approach to recipient vessels and harvest of free DIEP flaps.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Diagnostic, IV.
Take Two and Text Me in the Morning
Authors: Rao Roshni , Shukla Bivek M. , Saint-Cyr Michel , Rao Madhu , Teotia Sumeet S. 
Published: January 2013

Background:
Despite the widespread availability and convenience of short messaging systems, there has been limited adoption of this technology into the medical setting. Resistance may be attributable, in part, to the perceived lack of clinical benefit, privacy concerns, and a lack of physician compensation. This study evaluates the impact of a short messaging system clinical protocol between surgeons and patients. The endpoints evaluated were number of clinic visits, telephone calls, and days to surgical drain removal.

Methods:
Retrospective review identified 102 procedure-matched patients who underwent breast reconstruction for an oncologic diagnosis. A short messaging system protocol was routinely used by one of the two study surgeons. Data collected included demographics, pathologic findings, procedures, complications, clinic visits, clinic telephone calls, days until drain removal, and episode of drain removal.

Results:
The two groups were well-matched for age, procedure, race, complications, and pathologic findings. Patients in the short messaging system clinical protocol had statistically fewer clinic visits within the first 30 days (p = 0.0004) and 90 days (p = 0.017) postoperatively. There were fewer clinic telephone calls in the messaging group (p = 0.0002). The short messaging system protocol allowed for fewer days until drain removal (9.67 ± 0 .41 versus 12.45 ± 1.02, p = 0.013). Patients in the messaging group were more likely to undergo drain removal at the first clinic visit.

Conclusions:
Benefits of a short messaging system protocol included reduced number of clinic visits, fewer overall days of drain requirement, and increased efficiency of clinic visits. Concerns regarding physician privacy, compensation, and time need to be addressed before further application of this technology.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Measuring Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction in Facial Paralysis Patients
Authors: Ho Adelyn L. , Scott Amie M. , Klassen Anne F. , Cano Stefan J. , Pusic Andrea L. , Van Laeken Nancy 
Published: January 2013

Background:
Incomplete recovery from facial nerve damage has functional deficits and significant social and psychological consequences. To evaluate the success of surgical and nonsurgical interventions in facial paralysis patients, patient satisfaction and impact on quality of life should be considered. The objective of this study is to identify existing patient-reported outcome instruments that measure quality-of-life outcomes in the facial paralysis population.

Methods:
A systematic review of the English-language literature was performed to identify patient-reported outcome instruments that have been developed and validated for use in facial paralysis patients. Each qualifying measure was evaluated for content and psychometric properties, as outlined by international recommended guidelines for item generation, item reduction, and psychometric evaluation.

Results:
From 598 articles, 28 questionnaires assessing facial paralysis were identified. Only three questionnaires satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria: the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale, the Facial Disability Index, and a questionnaire developed to study aberrant facial nerve regeneration. Although these patient-reported outcome instruments show evidence of development and validation, no measures satisfy all instrument development and validation guidelines. All instruments were limited in domains that address self-perception of facial appearance and procedure-related symptoms or satisfaction.

Conclusions:
Although instruments are available for measuring outcomes with respect to facial function, there are few instruments developed to specifically evaluate the impact of facial paralysis on quality of life. To quantify treatment outcomes of facial paralysis patients, future research to develop and validate a new patient-reported outcome instrument is needed.
Experience with 60 Adult Patients with Facial Paralysis Secondary to Tumor Extirpation
Authors: Terzis Julia K. , Konofaos Petros 
Published: January 2013

Background:
The aim of this study was to present the authors' experience with facial reanimation in adult patients following tumor extirpation and to analyze the functional outcomes.

Methods:
From 1978 to 2006, 60 adult patients underwent facial reanimation for facial paralysis following tumor extirpation. There was one patient with bilateral facial paralysis. Thus, evaluation was carried out in 61 hemifaces. Three independent assessors evaluated the preoperative and postoperative videos using the Terzis grading scale for eye closure, smile, depressor, and overall aesthetic and functional outcomes. Preoperative and postoperative electromyographic interpretations and the effect of demographic variables were also evaluated.

Results:
There was significant improvement regarding preoperative versus postoperative outcomes for overall aesthesis and function. Good and excellent results were observed in 72.14 percent of the hemifaces (n = 44). The difference between preoperative and postoperative electromyographic results was of statistical significance (p < 0.0001) for each target reinnervated. Better results were observed in younger patients (≤35 years) (p = 0.023) and in early cases (p = 0.019).

Conclusions:
The results of this present series illustrate that age and denervation time correlate with the final functional outcome. Cross-facial nerve grafts should ideally be used in patients with denervation time less than 6 months or more than 2 years combined with muscle transfers. In patients with a denervation time between 6 months and 2 years, the use of the babysitter procedure can yield a superior outcome.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
A Systematic Review of Complication and Recurrence Rates of Musculocutaneous, Fasciocutaneous, and Perforator-Based Flaps for Treatment of Pressure Sores
Authors: Sameem Mojib , Au Michael , Wood Thomas , Farrokhyar Forough , Mahoney James 
Published: January 2013

Background:
Management of pressure sores poses a significant reconstructive challenge for plastic surgeons. Currently, there is no consensus on whether musculocutaneous, fasciocutaneous, or perforator-based flaps provide superior results for treating pressure sores.

Methods:
The following databases were searched: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS (January of 1950 to November of 2010), MEDLINE (January of 1950 to November of 2010), and EMBASE (January of 1980 to November of 2010). Only articles reporting on the use of musculocutaneous, fasciocutaneous, and perforator-based flaps were included. The primary study outcomes were complication and recurrence rates.

Results:
Fifty-five articles were included in the final analysis (kappa = 0.78). From this total, 28 were categorized as pertaining to musculocutaneous flaps, 13 studied fasciocutaneous flaps, and 14 evaluated perforator-based flaps. The authors' review revealed recurrence and complication rates of 8.9 and 18.6 percent, respectively, following reconstruction with musculocutaneous flaps, 11.2 and 11.7 percent following reconstruction with fasciocutaneous flaps, and 5.6 and 19.6 percent following reconstruction with perforator-based flaps. Overall, statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in complication or recurrence rates among these three techniques.

Conclusions:
The authors' review revealed that there was no statistically significant difference with regard to recurrence or complication rates among musculocutaneous, fasciocutaneous, or perforator-based flaps. This suggests that surgeons performing such reconstructive procedures may choose to consider the advantages of a specific approach rather than the complication and recurrence rates.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Acellular Dermal Matrix in Cleft Palate Repair
Authors: Aldekhayel Salah A. , Sinno Hani , Gilardino Mirko S. 
Published: January 2013

Background:
The repair of wide cleft palates and secondary palatal fistulas remains a challenge for pediatric plastic surgeons. To reduce the incidence of fistulization, use of acellular dermal matrix to facilitate closure has been reported in the literature. A review of the literature was performed to assess whether sufficient evidence exists to recommend the routine use of acellular dermal matrix for either primary palatoplasty or secondary palatal fistula repair.

Methods:
A literature search for the period between 1970 and 2011 was performed. All articles with clinical application of acellular dermal matrix in primary palatoplasty or palatal fistula repair were included. Data were analyzed using weighted averages to compare fistula rates between repairs performed with and without acellular dermal matrix (historical controls) for each repair type (primary versus secondary fistula repairs).

Results:
Four studies examined the use of acellular dermal matrix in primary palatoplasty (n = 92) with a mean cleft width of 14.2 mm. The overall fistula rate was 5.4 percent compared with 10.6 percent in the non–acellular dermal matrix historical control group. Five studies used acellular dermal matrix in palatal fistula repair (n = 74). The overall recurrent fistula rate was 8.1 percent compared with 12.9 percent in the historical control group.

Conclusions:
Based on the available data, the results imply that acellular dermal matrix may have a potential benefit in reducing fistula formation/persistence in palate surgery. However, the authors did not find sufficient prospective randomized (level II or better) evidence to recommend the routine use of acellular dermal matrix for cleft palate repair.
Updating the Concepts on Neck Lift and Lower Third of the Face
Authors: de Castro Claudio Cardoso , Aboudib Jose Horacio , Roxo Ana Claudia Weck 
Published: January 2013

Background:
When planning a face lift, the surgeon must keep in mind that signs of aging vary depending on the patient's age, skin quality, bony structure, and muscle tone. The deformities must be evaluated individually to determine the best treatment.

Methods:
The purpose of this article is to discuss the surgical and philosophical aspects of the treatment of the lower third of the face and neck, based on the authors' experience of 40 years. A review of 1500 patients who were operated on in a private clinic and in the Hospital of the Rio de Janeiro State University was conducted to evaluate the different aspects of deformities and their treatments.

Results:
In the majority of patients, the authors open the neck and treat the platysma muscle. Subplatysmal fat is removed with care, only in the midline. The authors do not perform any procedures on the submandibular glands or the digastric muscles. The authors do perform superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) dissection and SMASectomy in the majority of cases, with plication only in thin patients. Many procedures have been described for facial rejuvenation. Most of them aim for a good aesthetic result with a short recovery period. In the authors' experience, the best results are accomplished in a young patient with thin skin.

Conclusion:
Although the surgeon selects treatments for patients based on their deformities, it must be kept in mind that treatments must be selected to satisfy the patient's needs and preferences.
Economic Analysis of Screening Strategies for Rupture of Silicone Gel Breast Implants
Authors: Chung Kevin C. , Malay Sunitha , Shauver Melissa J. , Kim H. Myra 
Published: January 2013

Background:
In 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommended screening of all women with silicone gel breast implants with magnetic resonance imaging 3 years after implantation and every 2 years thereafter to assess their integrity. The cost for these serial examinations over the lifetime of the breast implants is an added burden to insurance payers and to women. The authors performed an economic analysis to determine optimal screening strategies by considering the diagnostic accuracy of the screening tests, costs of the tests, and subsequent implant removal.

Methods:
The authors determined aggregate/pooled values for sensitivity and specificity of the screening tests of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in detecting silicone breast implant ruptures from the data obtained from published literature. They compiled costs, based on Medicare reimbursements for 2011, for the following elements: imaging modalities, anesthesia, and three surgical treatment options for detected ruptures. A decision tree was used to compare three alternate screening strategies of ultrasound only, magnetic resonance imaging only, and ultrasound followed by magnetic resonance in asymptomatic and symptomatic women.

Results:
The cost per rupture of screening and management of rupture with ultrasound in asymptomatic women was $1090; in symptomatic women, it was $1622. A similar cost for magnetic resonance imaging in asymptomatic women was $2067; in symptomatic women it was $2143. A similar cost for ultrasound followed by imaging in asymptomatic women was $637; in symptomatic women, it was $2908.

Conclusion:
Screening with ultrasound followed by magnetic resonance imaging was optimal for asymptomatic women, and screening with ultrasound was optimal for symptomatic women.