bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial Profiling in Experimentally Induced Biofilm Overgrowth Among Patients With Various Periodontal States
Authors: Paes Batista da Silva Andre , Barros Silvana P. , Moss Kevin , Preisser John , Marchesan Julie T. , Ward Marilyn , Offenbacher Steven 
Published: October 2015

Background: This study measures microbial composition changes during biofilm overgrowth and subsequent removal among patients with various states of periodontal disease.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 175 participants with various periodontal states (five biofilm‐gingival interface [BGI] groups) abstained from oral hygiene while using an acrylic stent. At day 21, participants reinstituted oral hygiene and were followed for 4 weeks. Clinical parameters were recorded, and subgingival plaque samples were analyzed at baseline, peak of induction (day 21), and resolution using 16S rRNA probes (human oral microbe identification microarray [HOMIM]). Using the change score (peak at induction minus baseline) for bleeding on probing and probing depth (PD), the patients were separated into high and low clinical responders.Results: At baseline, synergistetes were more abundant in moderate and severe periodontitis (BGI‐P2 and ‐P3) compared to mild periodontitis (BGI‐P1), health (BGI‐H), and gingivitis (BGI‐G) (P = 0.005). Overall, at day 21 there was an increase in HOMIM scores of firmicutes (P ≤0.001), fusobacteria (P = 0.003), proteobacteria (P ≤0.001), synergistetes (P = 0.04), and bacteroidetes (P ≤0.001). At resolution, these phyla returned to baseline, except for synergistetes. Levels of synergistetes were significantly higher at day 21 (P ≤0.0001) and resolution (P = 0.0002) for high clinical responders compared to low responders.Conclusion: The association of synergistetes as a baseline predictor of incident PD increase, as well as the higher levels at day 21, indicates a pathogenic role for these organisms in disease progression in addition to the previously characterized fusobacteria, proteobacteria, firmicutes, and bacteroidetes.
Analyses of Gingival Adhesion Molecules in Periodontitis: Theoretical In Silico, Comparative In Vivo, and Explanatory In Vitro Models
Authors: Gürsoy Ulvi K. , Zeidán‐Chuliá Fares , Yilmaz Dogukan , Özdemir Vural , Mäki‐Petäys Juho , Neves de Oliveira Ben‐Hur , Firatli Yigit , Güncü Güliz N. , Caglayan Feriha , Könönen Eija 
Published: October 2015

Background: A deeper understanding of periodontitis pathophysiology is central to future development of novel biomarkers and therapeutics. The following is reported here: 1) an in silico network model of interactions among cell adhesion molecules and a network‐focused microarray analysis of the corresponding genes in periodontitis; 2) analysis of secretions of adhesion molecules in gingival tissue samples from patients with periodontitis and healthy controls; and 3) effect of the human neutrophilic peptide‐1 (HNP‐1) on epithelial adhesion molecules.Methods: The network model identified 85 nodes in relation to the interactions of adhesion molecules. Subsequently, the relative gene expression was overlaid on the network model. Differential gene expression was analyzed, and false discovery rate control was performed for statistical assessment of the microarray data. Both tissue and cell culture samples were immunostained for desmocollin (DSC)2, occludin (OCLN), desmoglein (DSG)1, tight junction protein 2, and gap junction protein α.Results: The differential gene expression analysis revealed that the epithelial adhesion molecules were significantly lower in abundance in individuals with periodontitis than controls. In contrast, the genes for leukocyte adhesion molecules showed a significant upregulation. Immunostainings revealed elevated secretions of both DSG1 and OCLN in periodontitis. An in vitro model suggested reduced DSC2 and OCLN secretions in the presence of HNP‐1.Conclusions: Gene expression of gingival adhesion molecules in periodontitis is regulated by leukocyte transmigration, whereas the neutrophilic antimicrobial peptide HNP‐1 is noted as a putative regulator of epithelial adhesion molecules. These observations contribute to the key mechanisms by which future biomarkers might be developed for periodontitis.
Pilot Study on Oral Health Status as Assessed by an Active Matrix Metalloproteinase‐8 Chairside Mouthrinse Test in Adolescents
Authors: Heikkinen Anna Maria , Nwhator Solomon O. , Rathnayake Nilminie , Mäntylä Päivi , Vatanen Päivi , Sorsa Timo 
Published: October 2015

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 is a major destructive collagenase involved in periodontitis and can be regarded as a periodontitis biomarker. A neutrophil collagenase 2 (active MMP‐8 [aMMP‐8]) oral fluid immunoassay has recently been demonstrated to be a periodontitis risk indicator among adults. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a point‐of‐care mouthrinse test based on an aMMP‐8 immunoassay could identify patients with oral inflammatory burden (periodontitis and caries) among adolescents with early pathologic findings.Methods: This cross‐sectional study was carried out at the Kotka Health Center, Finland. First, the aMMP‐8 chairside mouthrinse test was performed on enrolled individuals (adolescents aged 15 to 17 years, n = 47), and the results were read based on a color change within 5 minutes. Then, full‐mouth clinical parameters of oral health were assessed, including periodontal, oral mucosal, and caries status.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the test for bleeding on probing were 71.8% and 77.5%, respectively (P = 0.05); for ≥1 site with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm, 48.3% and 100% (P <0.001); for ≥2 sites with PD ≥4 mm, 63.6% and 100% (P <0.001); and for >2 sites with PD ≥4 mm, 76.5% and 96.7% (P <0.01). Regarding periodontitis (≥1 site with PD ≥4 mm), hardly any false‐positive results were identified. The sensitivity of the immunoassay for ≥1 caries lesions was 76.5%, and the specificity was 96.7% (P <0.01).Conclusions: In 5 minutes, the aMMP‐8 chairside test showed promising results, recognizing oral inflammatory burden in adolescents with early initial signs of periodontitis. Caries lesions could also be detected, but less efficiently.
Genome‐Wide Association Study for Adaptation to Agronomic Plant Density: A Component of High Yield Potential in Spring Wheat
Authors: Sukumaran Sivakumar , Reynolds Matthew P. , Lopes Marta S. , Crossa José 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTPrevious research has shown that progress in genetic yield potential is associated with adaptation to agronomic planting density, though its genetic basis has not been addressed before. In the current study, a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) association mapping initiative (WAMI) panel of 287 elite lines was assessed for the effects of plant density on grain yield (YLD), 1000‐kernel weight (TKW), and grain number (GNO) in yield plots consisting of four evenly spaced rows. The YLD and GNO of inner (high plant density) rows compared with outer rows (low plant density) indicated a consistent pattern: genotypes that performed best under intense competition (inner rows) responded less to reduced competition (outer rows) while being generally the best performers on aggregate (inner plus outer rows). However, TKW was not affected by plant density. To identify the genetic loci, an adaptation to density index (ADi) was computed as the scaled difference in trait values between inner and outer rows. Results on biplot analysis indicated that ADi was correlated with YLD in high‐yielding environments, suggesting that it is a component of high yield potential. Genotyping of the WAMI panel was done through 90K Illumina Bead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Association mapping employed using 18,104 SNP markers for ADi identified a major locus in chromosome 3B at 71 cM that explained 11.4% variation in ADi for YLD and GNO. Functional marker for ADi will enable identification of the trait in early generations—not otherwise possible in spaced plants typical of pedigree breeding approach—and to select parents for hybrid development.
Mutations in Durum Wheat SBEII Genes affect Grain Yield Components, Quality, and Fermentation Responses in Rats
Authors: Hazard Brittany , Zhang Xiaoqin , Naemeh Mahmoudreza , Hamilton M. Kristina , Rust Bret , Raybould Helen E. , Newman John W. , Martin Roy , Dubcovsky Jorge 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIncreased amylose in wheat (Triticum ssp.) starch is associated with increased resistant starch, a fermentable dietary fiber. Fermentation of resistant starch in the large intestine produces short‐chain fatty acids that are associated with human health benefits. Since wheat foods are an important component of the human diet, increases in amylose and resistant starch in wheat grains have the potential to deliver health benefits to a large number of people. In three replicated field trials we found that mutations in starch branching enzyme II genes (SBEIIa and SBEIIb) in both A and B genomes (SBEIIa/b‐AB) of durum wheat [T. turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] resulted in large increases of amylose and resistant starch content. The presence of these four mutations was also associated with an average 5% reduction in kernel weight (P = 0.0007) and 15% reduction in grain yield (P = 0.06) compared to the wild type. Complete milling and pasta quality analysis showed that the mutant lines have an acceptable quality with positive effects on pasta firmness and negative effects on semolina extraction and pasta color. Positive fermentation responses were detected in rats (Rattus spp.) fed with diets incorporating mutant wheat flour. This study quantifies benefits and limitations associated with the deployment of the SBEIIa/b‐AB mutations in durum wheat and provides the information required to develop realistic strategies to deploy durum wheat varieties with increased levels of amylose and resistant starch.
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gee Edward C.A. , Hanson Emma K. , Saithna Adnan 
Published: October 2015

Background:Anatomical shoulder replacement for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is complicated by a high incidence of rotator cuff tears and glenoid erosion. This can lead to poor function and early failure. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has gained popularity as an alternative. This systematic review attempts to further define the role of RSA in RA.Methods:A systematic review identified seven studies reporting outcomes of RSA in RA patients. Studies were critically appraised, and data on outcomes, complications and technical considerations were extracted and analysed.Results:One hundred and twenty one shoulders were included (mean follow up 46.9 months). Consistent improvements in the main outcome measures were noted between studies. Ninety five percent of patients described excellent to satisfactory outcomes. The minimum mean forward elevation reported in each study was 115 degrees. Symptomatic glenoid loosening (1.7%), deep infection (3.3%) and revision surgery (5%) rates were no higher than for a population of mixed aetiologies.Discussion:Previous concerns regarding high pre- and peri-operative complication and revision rates in RA patients were not shown to be valid by the results of this review. Although associated cuff tears are common and glenoid bone loss can increase the technical complexity of surgery, RSA provides consistent and predictable improvements in key outcome measures and the revision and complication rates do not appear to be higher than reported in a large population of mixed aetiologies.Conclusion:The contemporary literature shows that RSA is a safe, effective and reliable treatment option in RA patients.
Are Preformed Articulating Spacers Superior To Surgeon-Made Articulating Spacers in the Treatment Of PJI in THA? A Literature Review
Authors: Citak Mustafa , Masri Bassam A. , Springer Bryan , Argenson Jean-Noel , Kendoff Daniel O. 
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose:
Antibiotic-loaded cement spacers are typically manufactured by surgeons in the operating room. However, if the infecting organism is known preoperatively, the cement spacer can be fabricated (Spacer-G® or the InterSpace® Hip) in advance. It is unclear if preformed hip spacers are superior to surgeon-made hip spacers in the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection following primary THA.

Methods:
A literature review of the peer-reviewed literature indexed by MEDLINE and Embase was performed to identify
studies reporting the outcomes of preformed and surgeon-made hip spacers in the treatment of infection following primary
total hip arthroplasty (THA). A total of 43 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis to compare
the reinfection rate, Harris Hip Score (HHS) and spacer complication rates between surgeon-made and preformed hip
spacers.

Results and Interpretation:
The analyzed studies included a total number of 1631 infected THA cases (n=1027 surgeonmade;
n=604 preformed spacers). We found similar reinfection rates (6.0% surgeon-made, and 5.5% preformed spacers)
and similar mean HHS at latest follow-up after reimplantation (HHS=84.3 surgeon-made, and HHS=81.8 preformed
spacers) between both groups. However, patients treated with a surgeon-made articulating spacer had a higher spacer
fracture rate compared to preformed articulating spacer. The use of preformed articulating spacers in the treatment of
infected THA is not superior to surgeon-made articulating spacers regarding infection control and functional outcomes.
However, the use of surgeon-made antibiotic spacers increased the risk of spacer fracture.
Extended Penalty Coefficients For Elimination The Locking Effects In Moderately Thick Beam And Plate Finite Elements
Authors: Gilewski W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe present paper is dedicated to presentation and energy verification of the methods of stabilization the strain energy by penalty coefficients. Verification of the methods is based on the consistency and ellipticity conditions to be satisfied by the finite elements. Three methods of stabilization are discussed. The first does not satisfy the above requirements. The second is consistent but cannot eliminate parasitic energy terms. The third method, proposed by the author, is based on the decomposition of the element stiffness matrix. The method can help to eliminate locking of the finite elements. For two-noded beam element with linear shape functions and exact integration a stabilized free of locking (and elliptical) element is received (equivalent to reduced integration element). Two plate finite elements are analyzed: four-noded rectangular element and DSG triangle. A new method of stabilization with the use of four independent parameters is proposed. The finite elements with this kind of stabilization satisfy the consistency condition. In the rectangular element it was not possible to eliminate one parasitic term of energy which appears during the procedure. For DSG triangle all parasitic terms of energy are eliminated. The penalty coefficients depends on the geometry of the triangle.
Vibrations And Stability Of Bernoulli-Euler And Timoshenko Beams On Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation
Authors: Obara P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe vibration and stability analysis of uniform beams supported on two-parameter elastic foundation are performed. The second foundation parameter is a function of the total rotation of the beam. The effects of axial force, foundation stiffness parameters, transverse shear deformation and rotatory inertia are incorporated into the accurate vibration analysis. The work shows very important question of relationships between the parameters describing the beam vibration, the compressive force and the foundation parameters. For the free supported beam, the exact formulas for the natural vibration frequencies, the critical forces and the formula defining the relationship between the vibration frequency and the compressive forces are derived. For other conditions of the beam support conditional equations were received. These equations determine the dependence of the frequency of vibration of the compressive force for the assumed parameters of elastic foundation and the slenderness of the beam.
Application Of Safety Inspections For Evaluation Of Two – Lane Regional Roads In Poland
Authors: Cafiso S. , Kieć M. , Milazzo M. , Pappalardo G. , Trovato F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the paper methods for conducting Road Safety Inspections (SIs) in Italy and Poland are described and compared. The goal of the study is to improve the quality and efficiency of the safety inspections of road network by using low cost equipment (GPS, Tablet, Camera) and specific software. Particular attention was paid to the need for proper calibration of factors, causing traffic safety hazard associated with road infrastructure. The model developed according to the Italian procedures was adapted to comply with the checklists and evaluation criteria of the Polish guidelines. Overall, a good agreement between the two approaches was identified, however some modification was required to include new safety issues, characteristic for the Polish network for safety inspection of two lane rural roads. To test the applicability about 100 km of regional two lane roads in Poland were inspected with Polish and Italian procedures.
Study of Viral Diarrhoea and Associated Risk Factors Among Under Five Years Old Children in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital
Authors: Joshi Anish , Shrestha Ranendra Prakash Bahadur 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea is a major health problem among children. It remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, with particularly high morbidity in children younger than 5 years of age. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and associated risk factors of viral diarrhoea in children less than 5 years of age at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Nepal and also to study the clinical presentation and the common causes of acute childhood diarrhoea.METHODS: This is a hospital based, prospective, non-interventional study conducted in Dhulikhel hospital. A total of 100 cases attending Dhulikhel hospital between 1st December 2011 to 31st March 2012, presented with acute onset of diarrhoea were enrolled in the study. During the study period the parents were asked to respond to questionnaires regarding their family size, educational status and knowledge of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), their water source and sanitation, personal hygiene and food habit. The children were examined, assessed for dehydration and anthropometry was also taken. The fresh stool specimens were analysed in the hospital laboratory in order to look for the common pathogens. All the statistical analysis was done using both descriptive and inferential (chi-squared test) statistics with the help of SPSS 20 software.RESULTS: Out of 100 children studied 69% were males and 31% females. Majority of the study population were below 24 months of age (77%). Majority were classified as no dehydration (75%) as per WHO guidelines for assessment of dehydration. The main source of drinking water in the family was tap water (65%), 44% didn’t used any method for water purification and 26% had no habits of hand washing in the family, 89% of the mothers had a good knowledge of ORS. Majority had no history of fever (64%). 37% of cases needed hospital admission among which 7 cases needed PICU care. Test was positive for Rotavirus in significant number of cases (66%) followed by Adenovirus (13%).CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of Acute diarrhoea is highest below 24 months of age. As the age increases the incidence decreases. Lack of safe drinking water, poor sanitation and poor living conditions are associated risk factors for childhood diarrhoea. Viral diarrhoea is still the most common cause of childhood diarrhoea. Most children are not dehydrated and can be managed using ORS at home or in primary health care centres. We expect that results of the study would be useful initiation of vaccine requirements in a developing country like Nepal.
Reversal of intraoperative arterial thrombosis with a fibrinolytic agent when treating large and giant partially thrombosed aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery
Authors: Eliava Shalva , Pilipenko Yury , Shekhtman Oleg , Konovalov Anton 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Thrombosis of the cerebral arteries is one of the complications of microsurgical operations for partially thrombosed intracranial aneurysms. The object of this study was to assess the frequency of intraoperative arterial thrombosis (IAT) during microsurgical treatment of large and giant partially thrombosed aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and also to assess the efficacy of the treatment of this complication.

MATERIALS
The authors analyzed a consecutive series of 53 patients who underwent surgery for partially thrombosed aneurysms of the MCA at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute between January 2005 and September 2014. Thirty-two patients had large aneurysms (15–25 mm) and 21 had giant aneurysms (> 25 mm). Clipping of aneurysms was performed in 47 patients, trapping was performed in 3, and wrapping was performed in 3.

RESULTS
IAT was diagnosed in 10 patients (18.9%). The authors describe a technique for IAT reversal involving the injection of modified human recombinant prourokinase (mr-proUK). Of the 7 patients who underwent injection of mr-proUK in the thrombosed artery, 5 (71.4%) were discharged without any change in neurological status, 1 (14.3%) experienced moderate deterioration (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 2), and 1 (14.3%) experienced severe deterioration (mRS score of 4). Among the 3 patients who had complications and did not receive an injection of mr-proUK, 2 experienced severe deterioration (mRS score of 3 and 4) and 1 had moderate deterioration (mRS score of 2).

CONCLUSIONS
The primary risk factor of thrombectomy with temporary trapping is thrombosis in the MCA branches. The injection of a fibrinolytic agent into thrombosed MCA branches is an effective method for the treatment of IAT.
How do spinal schwannomas progress? The natural progression of spinal schwannomas on MRI
Authors: Ando Kei , Imagama Shiro , Ito Zenya , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Yagi Hideki , Hida Tetsuro , Ito Kenyu , Tsushima Mikito , Ishikawa Yoshimoto , Ishiguro Naoki 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Little is known about the progression of spinal schwannomas. The aim of this study was to determine the natural progression of spinal schwannomas and establish the risk of tumor growth.

METHODS
This study retrospectively analyzed data from 23 patients (12 men and 11 women, 40–89 years old) with schwannomas detected by MRI. The mean follow-up period was 5 years (range 2–10 years). The absolute and relative growth rates of the tumors were calculated.

RESULTS
The average tumor size was 1495 mm3 at the initial visit and 2224 mm3 at the final follow-up. The average absolute growth rate was 139 mm3 per year, and the average relative growth rate was 5.3% per year. Tumors were classified into 3 groups based on enhancement patterns: isointense/hyperintense (iso/high; 11 cases), rim enhancement when enhancement was peripheral (high/rim; 5 cases), and heterogeneous/heterogeneous (hetero/hetero; 7 cases) based on Gd-enhanced T2-weighted MRI. The average absolute growth rates of the 3 lesion groups were 588 mm3, 957 mm3, and 3379 mm3, respectively (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Although the tumors classified as iso/high and high/rim on T2-weighted Gd-enhanced MR images were small and grew very little, most tumors with hetero/hetero classification increased in size. Hetero/hetero-type tumors should be followed closely and may require surgery.