bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of health behaviors with sleep and fatigue in transplant caregivers
Authors: Ross A. , Yang L. , Klagholz S. D. , Wehrlen L. , Bevans M. F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe burden and psychological impact of providing care to a loved one with cancer is significant and associated with a number of problems including sleep disturbance and fatigue. While engaging in healthy behaviors such as proper nutrition, exercise, and stress reduction may improve sleep and fatigue, few studies have focused on this relationship. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship of health behaviors with sleep quality and fatigue in transplant caregivers.MethodsData were analyzed from a cross‐sectional survey of 78 caregivers of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Measures included: Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP‐II), Brief Symptom Inventory (Distress), Caregiver Reaction Assessment (Caregiver Burden), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory Short‐Form.ResultsControlling for age, gender, BMI, burden and distress, health behaviors predicted sleep quality (B = −0.408, p = 0.021) and fatigue (B = −0.966, p < 0.001). Stress management (B = −0.450, p = 0.001), nutrition (B = −0.249, p = 0.048), and interpersonal relationships (B = −0.319, p = 0.049) were the HPLP‐II subscales that significantly predicted sleep quality; nearly every HPLP‐II subscale predicted fatigue.ConclusionsDespite the burden and distress associated with caregiving, engaging in healthy behaviors may help to improve sleep and fatigue in transplant caregivers. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Factitious disorder (Munchausen's syndrome) in oncology: case report and literature review
Authors: Baig Muhammad R. , Levin Tomer T. , Lichtenthal Wendy G. , Boland Patrick J. , Breitbart William S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundFactitious disorder is where patients repeatedly seek medical care for feigned illnesses in the absence of obvious external rewards; ‘Munchausen's syndrome’ is the historical name for this disorder.MethodWe report on a case that was presented to a tertiary oncology center as a suspected rare bone cancer.Results and ConclusionsPsychosocial clinicians working in oncology settings should be aware of the complexities of diagnosing factitious disorder in cancer settings where empathy is prominent and suspicion unusual. Moreover, comorbidity can cloud the diagnosis (in this case substance abuse), and, even when accurately diagnosed, there are no evidence‐based management approaches to offer to the patient. What seems to linger most after the patient is discharged, usually in a huff, are strong counter‐transference feelings and substantial medical bills. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new method for detection of tumor driver‐dependent changes of protein sialylation in a colon cancer cell line reveals nectin‐3 as TGFBR2 target
Authors: Lee Jennifer , Warnken Uwe , Schnölzer Martina , Gebert Johannes , Kopitz Jürgen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractProtein‐linked glycans play key roles in cell differentiation, cell–cell interactions, cell growth, adhesion and immune response. Aberrant glycosylation is a characteristic feature of tumor cells and is involved in tumor growth, escape from apoptosis, metastasis formation, and resistance to therapy. It can serve as cancer biomarker and treatment target. To enable comprehensive screening for the impact of tumor driving mutations in colorectal cancer cells we present a method for specific analysis of tumor driver‐induced glycome changes. The strategy is based on a combination of three technologies, that is recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange (RMCE), Click‐It chemistry and mass spectrometry. The new method is exemplified by the analysis of the impact of inactivating mutations of the TGF‐ß‐receptor type II (TGFBR2) on sialic acid incorporation into protein‐linked glycans of the colon cancer cell line HCT116. Overall, 70 proteins were found to show de novo sialic acid incorporation exclusively upon TGFBR2 expression whereas 7 proteins lost sialylation upon TGFBR2 reconstitution. Validation of detected candidate glycoproteins is demonstrated with the cell surface glycoprotein nectin‐3 known to be involved in metastasis, invasion and prognosis of various cancers. Altogether, our new approach can help to systematically puzzle out the influence of tumor‐specific mutations in a major signaling pathway, as exemplified by the TGFBR2 tumor suppressor, on the tumor glycome. It facilitates the identification of glycan‐based tumor markers that could be used for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In principle the outlined strategy can be adapted to any cancer cell line, tumor driver mutation and several glycan‐building blocks.
Cofactor‐induced reversible folding of Flavodoxin‐4 from Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Dutta Samit Kumar , Serrano Pedro , Geralt Michael , Axelrod Herbert L. , Xu Qingping , Lesley Scott A. , Godzik Adam , Deacon Ashley M. , Elsliger Marc‐André , Wilson Ian A. , Wüthrich Kurt 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFlavodoxins in combination with the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor play important roles for electron transport in prokaryotes. Here, novel insights into the FMN‐binding mechanism to flavodoxins‐4 were obtained from the NMR structures of the apo‐protein from Lactobacillus acidophilus (YP_193882.1) and comparison of its complex with FMN. Extensive reversible conformational changes were observed upon FMN binding and release. The NMR structure of the FMN complex is in agreement with the crystal structure (PDB ID: 3EDO) and exhibits the characteristic flavodoxin fold, with a central five‐stranded parallel β–sheet and five α‐helices forming an α/β‐sandwich architecture. The structure differs from other flavoproteins in that helix α2 is oriented perpendicular to the β‐sheet and covers the FMN‐binding site. This helix reversibly unfolds upon removal of the FMN ligand, which represents a unique structural rearrangement among flavodoxins.
Effective protein model structure refinement by loop modeling and overall relaxation
Authors: Lee Gyu Rie , Heo Lim , Seok Chaok 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTProtein structures predicted by state‐of‐the‐art template‐based methods may still have errors when the template proteins are not similar enough to the target protein. Overall target structure may deviate from the template structures owing to differences in sequences. Structural information for some local regions such as loops may not be available when there are sequence insertions or deletions. Those structural aspects that originate from deviations from templates can be dealt with by ab initio structure refinement methods to further improve model accuracy. In the CASP11 refinement experiment, we tested three different refinement methods that utilize overall structure relaxation, loop modeling, and quality assessment of multiple initial structures. From this experiment, we conclude that the overall relaxation method can consistently improve model quality. Loop modeling is the most useful when the initial model structure is high quality, with GDT‐HA >60. The method that used multiple initial structures further refined the already refined models; the minor improvements with this method raise the issue of problem with the current energy function. Future research directions are also discussed. Proteins 2016; 84(Suppl 1):293–301. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fungicides affect Japanese beetle Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) egg hatch, larval survival and detoxification enzymes
Authors: Obear Glen R , Adesanya Adekunle W , Liesch Patrick J , Williamson R Chris , Held David W 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDLarvae of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), have a patchy distribution in soils, which complicates detection and management of this insect pest. Managed turf systems are frequently under pest pressure from fungal pathogens, necessitating frequent fungicide applications. It is possible that certain turfgrass fungicides may have lethal or sublethal adverse effects on eggs and larvae of P. japonica that inhabit managed turf systems. In this study, eggs and first‐, second‐ and third‐instar larvae were treated with the fungicides chlorothalonil and propiconazole, and survival was compared with that of untreated controls as well as positive controls treated with the insecticide trichlorfon.RESULTSChlorothalonil reduced survival of first‐instar larvae treated directly and hatched from treated eggs. Propiconazole delayed egg hatch, reduced the proportion of eggs that successfully hatched and reduced survival of first‐instar larvae treated directly and hatched from treated eggs. Sublethal doses of the fungicides lowered the activities of certain detoxification enzymes in third‐instar grubs.CONCLUSIONSFungicide applications to turfgrass that coincide with oviposition and egg hatch of white grubs may have sublethal effects. This work is applicable both to high‐maintenance turfgrass such as golf courses, where applications of pesticides are more frequent, and to home lawn services, where mixtures of multiple pesticides are commonly used. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Dominance of Cry1F resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on TC1507Bt maize in Brazil
Authors: Farias Juliano R , Andow David A , Horikoshi Renato J , Sorgatto Rodrigo J , Santos Antonio C dos , Omoto Celso 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDDominance of resistance has been one of the major parameters affecting the rate of evolution of resistance to Bt crops. High dose is the capacity of Bt crops to kill heterozygous insects and has been an essential component of the most successful strategy to manage resistance to these crops. Experiments were conducted to evaluate directly and indirectly whether the TC1507 event is high dose to Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith).RESULTSAbout 8% of heterozygote neonate larvae were able to survive, complete larval development and emerge as normal adults on TC1507 leaves, while susceptible larvae could not survive for 5 days. The estimated dominance of resistance was 0.15 ± 0.09 and significantly higher than zero; therefore, the resistance to Cry1F expressed in TC1507 was not completely recessive. A 25‐fold dilution of TC1507 maize leaf tissue in an artificial diet was able to cause a maximum mortality of only 37%, with growth inhibition of 82% at 7 days after larval infestation.CONCLUSIONResistance to Cry1F in TC1507 maize is incompletely recessive in S. frugiperda. TC1507 maize is not high dose for S. frugiperda. Additional or alternative resistance management strategies, such as the replacement of single‐trait Bt maize with pyramided Bt maize, which produces multiple proteins targeting the same insect pests, should be implemented wherever this technology is in use and S. frugiperda is the major pest. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Dislocation density reduction in multicrystalline silicon via cyclic annealing
Authors: Choi Kwangmin , Castellanos Sergio , Powell Douglas Michael , Buonassisi Tonio , Choi Hyunjoo 
Published: July 2015

Manufacturing processes to reduce dislocation densities in multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) solar cells could reduce the cost of photovoltaics by increasing cell efficiency with minimum additional process complexity. The present work investigates how cyclically varying temperature (stress) in mc‐Si blocks can lead to dislocation‐density reduction. Cyclic annealing is found to be more effective at activating immobile dislocations than isothermal annealing. Once immobile dislocations are activated, however, they are hypothesized to impede density reduction of mobile dislocations by accelerating multiplication of overall dislocations. Thus, a combined process of thermal cycling and isothermal annealing is found to provide a maximum dislocation density reduction of ∼70%, with 12 h of static annealing followed by 12 h of cyclic annealing.Dislocation etch‐pit images of as‐grown control and mc‐Si sample after 12 h cyclic annealing followed by 12 h static annealing.
Grain boundary networks in nanocrystalline alloys from atom probe tomography quantization and autocorrelation mapping
Authors: Chen Ying , Schuh Christopher A. 
Published: July 2015

A local spatial autocorrelation‐based modeling method is developed to reconstruct nanoscale grain structures in nanocrystalline materials from atom probe tomography (APT) data, which provide atomic positions and species, with minimal noise. Using a nanocrystalline alloy with an average grain size of 16 nm as a model material, we reconstruct the three‐dimensional grain boundary network by carrying out two series of APT data quantization using ellipsoidal binning, the first probing the anisotropy in the apparent local atomic density and the second quantifying the local spatial autocorrelation. This approach enables automatic and efficient quantification and visualization of grain structure in a large volume and at the finest nanoscale grain sizes, and provides a means for correlating local chemistry with grain boundaries or triple junctions in nanocrystalline materials.Nanoscale grain boundary networks are reconstructed from atom probe tomography data, which provide atomic positions and species for a fraction of atoms within a nanocrystalline material with an average grain size of 16 nm, using a quantization and local spatial autocorrelation‐based approach.
Earth observation as a tool for tracking progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets
Authors: O'Connor Brian , Secades Cristina , Penner Johannes , Sonnenschein Ruth , Skidmore Andrew , Burgess Neil D. , Hutton Jon M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBiodiversity is continuing to decline. This crisis has been recognised by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), whose members have set ambitious targets to avert ongoing declines in the state of biodiversity by 2020. These so called “Aichi Biodiversity Targets” (ABTs) are organized around five strategic goals, with indicators showing the level of progress made towards each target. Currently, measurements of many ABT indicators are not available. The Essential Biodiversity Variable (EBV) framework, developed by the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), attempts to form a coherent and harmonised set of observations of biodiversity. In this paper, we explore the potential role of Earth Observation (EO) as a tool to support biodiversity monitoring against the ABT and EBV frameworks. We show that EO‐based measurements are adequate for assessing progress towards 11 out of 20 ABTs. In addition, 14 of the 22 candidate EBVs have a fully or partly remotely‐sensed component and can be considered as Remote Sensing Essential Biodiversity Variables (RS‐EBVs). Those with a partial EO component require further in‐situ data and/or modelling effort to complete the EBV. While the status of biodiversity can be assessed with both fully and partly measured RS‐EBVs, assessing trends is more challenging, particularly for partly measured RS‐EBVs, as coincident time series of EO and supporting data are lacking. A synthetic pathway for developing generic biodiversity indicators using RS‐EBVs is proposed.
Answering the Questions of Whether and When Learning Occurs: Using Discrete‐Time Survival Analysis to Investigate the Ways in Which College Chemistry Students’ Ideas About Structure–Property Relationships Evolve
Authors: UNDERWOOD SONIA M. , REYES‐GASTELUM DAVID , COOPER MELANIE M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTLongitudinal studies can provide significant insights into how students develop competence in a topic or subject area over time. However, there are many barriers, such as retention of students in the study and the complexity of data analysis, that make these studies rare. Here, we present how a statistical framework, discrete‐time survival analysis, can help overcome these barriers to longitudinal assessment studies using data from our research on students’ understanding of structure–property relationships in chemistry. In the study presented, we administered the Implicit Information from Lewis Structures Instrument (IILSI)—an instrument designed to elicit from students what information can be predicted using a Lewis structure—to three cohorts of students at five time points over a two‐year period, throughout their general chemistry and organic chemistry courses, to determine the ways in which student ideas about structure–property relationships evolved. Using survival analysis, we were able to identify both whether and when learning occurred over the two‐year period. The single model also allowed us to construct trajectories to determine the ways in which students developed the ideas that underlie structure–property relationships in chemistry.
Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Retinal Reactive Gliosis Following Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Tassoni Alessia , Gutteridge Alex , Barber Amanda C. , Osborne Andrew , Martin Keith R. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A variety of diseases lead to degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons within the optic nerve resulting in loss of visual function. Although current therapies may delay RGC loss, they do not restore visual function or completely halt disease progression. Regenerative medicine has recently focused on stem cell therapy for both neuroprotective and regenerative purposes. However, significant problems remain to be addressed, such as the long-term impact of reactive gliosis occurring in the host retina in response to transplanted stem cells. The aim of this work was to investigate retinal glial responses to intravitreally transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) to help identify factors able to modulate graft-induced reactive gliosis. We found in vivo that intravitreal BM-MSC transplantation is associated with gliosis-mediated retinal folding, upregulation of intermediate filaments, and recruitment of macrophages. These responses were accompanied by significant JAK/STAT3 and MAPK (ERK1/2 and JNK) cascade activation in retinal Muller glia. Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) was identified as a potential new indicator of graft-induced reactive gliosis. Pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 in BM-MSC cocultured retinal explants successfully reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in retinal Muller glia and increased BM-MSC retinal engraftment. Inhibition of stem cell-induced reactive gliosis is critical for successful transplantation-based strategies for neuroprotection, replacement, and regeneration of the optic nerve. Stem Cells 2015;33:3006–3016
G‐protein‐coupled inward rectifier potassium channels involved in corticostriatal presynaptic modulation
Authors: Meneses David , Mateos Verónica , Islas Gustavo , Barral Jaime 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPresynaptic modulation has been associated mainly with calcium channels but recent data suggests that inward rectifier potassium channels (KIR) also play a role. In this work we set to characterize the role of presynaptic KIR channels in corticostriatal synaptic transmission. We elicited synaptic potentials in striatum by stimulating cortical areas and then determined the synaptic responses of corticostriatal synapsis by using paired pulse ratio (PPR) in the presence and absence of several potassium channel blockers. Unspecific potassium channels blockers Ba2+ and Cs+ reduced the PPR, suggesting that these channels are presynaptically located. Further pharmacological characterization showed that application of tertiapin‐Q, a specific KIR3 channel family blocker, also induced a reduction of PPR, suggesting that KIR3 channels are present at corticostriatal terminals. In contrast, exposure to Lq2, a specific KIR1.1 inward rectifier potassium channel, did not induce any change in PPR suggesting the absence of these channels in the presynaptic corticostriatal terminals. Our results indicate that KIR3 channels are functionally expressed at the corticostriatal synapses, since blockage of these channels result in PPR decrease. Our results also help to explain how synaptic activity may become sensitive to extracellular signals mediated by G‐protein coupled receptors. A vast repertoire of receptors may influence neurotransmitter release in an indirect manner through regulation of KIR3 channels. Synapse 69:446–452, 2015. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibition of PDE2A, but not PDE9A, modulates presynaptic short‐term plasticity measured by paired‐pulse facilitation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus
Authors: Fernández‐Fernández Diego , Rosenbrock Holger , Kroker Katja S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPhosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are currently considered promising therapeutic targets for treatment of cognitive impairment in diseases such as Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Inhibitors of PDE2A and PDE9A have emerged as potential candidates shown to improve synaptic plasticity and memory function in animals. However, the functional relevance of their putative different localization in the neuron is not understood. Thus, this study aims at elucidating potential presynaptic effects of PDE2A inhibition in comparison to the inhibition of PDE9A. For this purpose, we used paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), a model of short‐term synaptic plasticity related to presynaptic function. First, we performed a series of experiments to validate the model in acute rat hippocampal slices using several reference substances including calcium channel blockers, glutamatergic receptor antagonists, and GPCR agonists. Second, we analysed the effect of PDE2A and PDE9A inhibition and their role regulating the influence that the second messengers cAMP and cGMP exert on basal transmission. Our results show that the interplay between the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin, the soluble guanylyl cyclase activator BAY 41‐8543 and the PDE2A inhibitor PF‐999 reveals a primarily presynaptic mechanism of action of PDE2A inhibition. On the contrary, inhibition of PDE9A did not alter PPF under similar conditions. In conclusion, these data provide new evidence supporting a role of PDE2A modulating short‐term synaptic plasticity. Moreover, this function of PDE2A is suggested to rely on an active modulation of the cAMP hydrolysis as a response to changes in cGMP levels at the presynaptic level. Synapse 69:484–496, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent Advances in the Base‐Induced Sommelet–Hauser Rearrangement of Amino Acid Derived Ammonium Ylides
Authors: Tayama Eiji 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement ofN‐benzylic ammonium ylides generated from ammonium salts is an interesting and useful transformation that enables one to convert a readily accessible C–N bond into a new C–C bond to an aromatic ring. The rearrangement was discovered by Sommelet in 1937, studied in detail by Hauser, and applied to organic synthesis by Sato until 1999. Further studies have not advanced because several competitive side reactions and structural limitations of the products severely limit the substrate scope and synthetic applications. In this Personal Account, a history of the research in problem solving and recent advances in the base‐induced Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement are described. This synthetic method developed by my group provides efficient access to various types of α‐aryl‐α‐amino acid and α‐aryl‐β‐amino acid derivatives.