bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetism of 2d Heisenberg classical square lattices: theory vs experiments
Authors: Curély Jacques , Kliava Janis 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this article, we exclusively focus on the low‐temperature behaviors of 2d square lattices composed of (2N +1)2classical spins with isotropic couplings between first‐nearest neighbors (Heisenberg couplings), in the thermodynamic limit (N →+∞). After briefly recalling the theoretical closed‐form expressions derived for (i) the zero‐field partition function ZN (0), (ii) the spin‐spin correlation between any two lattice sites, (iii) the correlation length and (iv) the static susceptibility, we build up a diagram characterized by three low‐temperature magnetic phases. Moreover we show that the behaviors of these physical quantities as well as the diagram are in perfect agreement with the corresponding ones derived using a renormalization method. Finally we give criterions allowing to directly determine the magnetic phases characterizing 2d magnetic compounds described by our microscopic model. An experimental test is given for illustrating this theoretical study. It allows one to obtain a perfect fit of the susceptibility of [{Mn(DENA)2(N3)2}n] (DENA is the ligand diethylnicotinamide). (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurements and modelling of the power performance of a model floating wind turbine under controlled conditions
Authors: Sant Tonio , Bonnici David , Farrugia Russell , Micallef Daniel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper describes power performance measurements undertaken on a model floating wind turbine installed on a tension‐leg platform (TLP) in a wind/wave generator facility. Initially, the surge of the platform was measured under different rotor and wave conditions. The surge behaviour depended considerably on the rotor tip speed ratio and the wave frequency and amplitude. High‐frequency data sampling techniques were then used to derive the instantaneous power coefficient and tip speed ratio directly from the measurements, together with the surge velocity of the floating system. The power measurements were compared with those predicted by three independent numerical models, two of which are based on the blade element momentum approach and the third involving a lifting‐line free‐wake vortex model. The fluctuations of the power coefficient with time predicted by the three models were in close agreement; however, these were all significantly larger than those derived from the rotor shaft torque measurements. This was found to be due to the limitations of the torque measurement technique. Although being accurate in measuring the time‐averaged torque, the sensor was incapable of measuring the high‐frequency low‐amplitude fluctuations in the rotor shaft torque induced by the TLP surge. This was confirmed using an alternative experimental technique involving hot‐wire near‐wake measurements. The study also investigated the influence of the platform surge motion on the time‐averaged power coefficients. Both the measurements and the free‐wake vortex model revealed marginal deviations in the time‐averaged power coefficients when compared with those obtained for a fixed, non‐surging rotor. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model‐independent periodic stability analysis of wind turbines
Authors: Bottasso C.L. , Cacciola S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this work, a new method is proposed for the stability analysis of wind turbines. The method uses input–output time histories obtained by conducting virtual excitation experiments with a suitable wind turbine simulation model. Next, a single‐input/single‐output periodic reduced model is identified from the recorded response and used for a stability analysis conducted according to the Floquet theory. Since only input–output sequences are used, the approach is model independent in the sense that it is applicable to wind turbine simulation models of arbitrary complexity. The use of the Floquet theory reveals a much richer picture than the one obtained by widespread classical approaches based on the use of the multi‐blade coordinate transformation of Coleman. In fact, it is shown here that, for each principal mode computed by the classical approach, there are in reality infinite super‐harmonics of varying strength fanning out from the principal one at multiples of the rotor speed. The relative strength of each harmonic in a fan provides for a way of measuring how periodically one specific fan of modes behaves. The notion of super‐harmonics allows one to justify the presence of peaks in the response spectra, peaks that cannot be explained by the classical time‐invariant analysis. The Campbell diagram, i.e., the plot of system frequencies vs. rotor speed, is in this work enriched by the presence of the super‐harmonics, revealing a much more complex pattern of possible resonant conditions with the per‐rev excitations than normally assumed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined D2‐/L2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria (SLC25A1 deficiency): clinical course and effects of citrate treatment
Authors: Mühlhausen Chris , Salomons Gajja S. , Lukacs Zoltan , Struys Eduard A. , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Ullrich Kurt , Santer René 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCombined D,L‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria (DL‐2HGA; OMIM #615182) is a rare neurometabolic disorder clinically characterized by muscular hypotonia, severe neurodevelopmental dysfunction, and intractable seizures associated with respiratory distress. Biochemically, DL‐2HGA patients excrete increased amounts of D‐ and L‐2‐hydroxyglutarate (D2HG and L2HG, respectively), with predominance of D2HG, and α‐ketoglutarate, and show a decrease in urinary citrate. Impaired function of the mitochondrial citrate carrier (CIC) due to pathogenic mutations within the SLC25A1 gene has been identified as the underlying molecular cause of the disease. CIC mediates efflux of the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates citrate and isocitrate in exchange for cytosolic malate. Thus, depletion of cytosolic citrate as well as accumulation of citrate inside mitochondria have been considered to play a role in the pathophysiology of DL‐2HGA. Here, we report for the first time on a patient with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of DL‐2HGA and treatment with either malate or citrate. During malate treatment, urinary malate concentration increased, but beyond that, neither biochemical nor clinical alterations were observed. In contrast, treatment with citrate led to an increased urinary excretion of TCA cycle intermediates malate and succinate, and by trend to an increased concentration of urinary citrate. Furthermore, excretion of D2HG and L2HG was reduced during citrate treatment. Clinically, the patient showed stabilization with regard to frequency and severity of seizures. Treating DL‐2HGA with citrate should be considered in other DL‐2HGA patients, and its effects should be studied systematically.
The HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib has chemosensitizer and radiosensitizer activity in colorectal cancer
Authors: He Suqin , Smith Donald L. , Sequeira Manuel , Sang Jim , Bates Richard C. , Proia David A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe integration of targeted agents to standard cytotoxic regimens has improved outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) over recent years; however this malignancy remains the second leading cause of cancer mortality in industrialized countries. Small molecule inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) are one of the most actively pursued classes of compounds for the development of new cancer therapies. Here we evaluated the activity of ganetespib, a second-generation HSP90 inhibitor, in models of CRC. Ganetespib reduced cell viability in a panel of CRC cell lines in vitro with low nanomolar potency. Mechanistically, drug treatment exerted concomitant effects on multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage repair capacity to promote apoptosis. Combinations of ganetespib and low-dose ionizing radiation enhanced the radiosensitivity of HCT 116 cells and resulted in superior cytotoxic activity over either treatment alone. In vivo, the single-agent activity of ganetespib was relatively modest, suppressing HCT 116 xenograft tumor growth by approximately half. However, ganetespib significantly potentiated the antitumor efficacy of the 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrug capecitabine in HCT 116 xenografts, causing tumor regressions in a model that is intrinsically resistant to fluoropyrimidine therapy. This demonstration of combinatorial benefit afforded by an HSP90 inhibitor to a standard CRC adjuvant regimen provides an attractive new framework for the potential application of ganetespib as an investigational agent in this disease.
Setting Expectations following Endoscopic Cubital Tunnel Release
Authors: Cobb Tyson K. , Walden Anna L. , Merrell Peter T. , Lemke Jon H. 
Published: March 2014

Background The objective was to evaluate recovery characteristics of patients undergoing endoscopic cubital tunnel release (ECuTR) by determining the following: (1) return to work (RTW) times following ECuTR compared with RTW times of patients that underwent anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve (ATUN), (2) satisfaction rates and factors affecting satisfaction, (3) resolution rates of common preoperative complaints and findings, and (4) effect of preoperative ulnar nerve subluxation on postoperative outcomes. Methods A total of 172 cases in 148 patients undergoing ECuTR were prospectively enrolled including 56 women and 92 men. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to determine RTW time for ECuTR patients and for a cohort of 15 patients that underwent ATUN. Patients were evaluated for subjective and objective complaints preoperatively and ***post-operatively. Cases were grouped by Dellon's classification preoperatively and modified by Bishop's postoperatively. Results Half of ECuTR patients returned to normal work within 8 days postoperatively versus 71 days following ATUN. Variables significantly negatively affecting RTW were male sex, manual labor, and worker's compensation status. Dellon's was the best predictor of postoperative satisfaction. Complete resolution of symptoms occurred in 86 % of patients for weakness, 81 % for pain, 79 % for numbness and tingling (N/T), 78 % for atrophy, 76 % for abnormal two-point discrimination, and 65 % for Wartenberg's. Preoperative ulnar nerve subluxation had no effect on outcome. Conclusions Improved RTW time following ECuTR versus ATUN indicates potential and substantial cost-saving implications with respect to reduced worker productivity loss. Patients with more severe preoperative Dellon's classification can expect less optimal results regarding postoperative satisfaction and resolution rates of N/T and pain.
Biodiesel Feedstock from Emulsions Produced by Aqueous Processing of Yellow Mustard
Authors: Tabtabaei Solmaz , Boocock David G. B. , Diosady Levente L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe multi‐stage treatment of stable oil‐in‐water emulsions produced during non‐enzymatic aqueous processing of dehulled yellow mustard flour with cyclic ethers [tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,4‐dioxane] was investigated to produce a single‐phase oil‐solvent‐water miscella suitable for biodiesel production. While the single‐stage treatment of yellow mustard emulsion recovered 97 % and 95 % of the oil by using 4:1 THF:oil and 9:1 dioxane:oil weight ratios, respectively, miscella phases containing more than 7 % water formed, which made them unsuitable as biodiesel feedstock. Multi‐stage treatments of the emulsion using lower THF:oil and dioxane:oil weight ratios were further developed to produce oil‐solvent‐water miscella phases with low water content. While three‐stage extraction of emulsions using 0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1 dioxane:oil weight ratios did not destabilize the emulsion, three‐stage extraction using 0.5:1 and 0.75:1 THF:oil weight ratios effectively recovered over 97 % of the oil, resulting in the production of oil‐rich miscella phases containing only 1 % and 1.5 % water, respectively. These miscella phases were analyzed for free fatty acid and phosphorus contents and proved to be excellent feedstocks for the preparation of high‐purity methyl esters through single‐phase base‐catalyzed transmethylation.
Evening adolescents: The role of family relationships and pubertal development
Authors: Díaz‐Morales Juan Francisco , Escribano Cristina , Jankowski Konrad S. , Vollmer Christian , Randler Christoph 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAccumulating evidence suggests that evening‐type adolescents are exposed to a number of determinants that might have a negative impact on their health condition. Despite the fact that biological and psychosocial factors are interrelated, their impacts on the shift toward eveningness during puberty have been considered only separately. In this study, the effects of frequency of conflicts and functional autonomy on the relationship between pubertal development and Morningness–Eveningness (M–E) were tested together. A sample of 2081 adolescents aged 12–16 completed pubertal development, M–E, family frequency of conflicts and functional autonomy scales. Results indicated that greater functional autonomy and more conflicts in the family were unique predictors of greater eveningness, and they both together were better predictors of M–E than an advanced age and pubertal development. Apart from biological development, family relationship seems an important factor explaining progressive tendency toward eveningness during puberty and adolescence. Some implications to adolescent development were indicated.
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Decontamination Lotion for Removal of Radioactive Contamination From Skin
Authors: Rana Sudha , Dutta Mita , Sharma Navneet , Goel Rajeev , Khan Abdul Wadood , Kotta Sabna , Ali Javed , Ansari Shahid Husain , Sultana Sarwat , Sharma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveSkin contamination is one of the most likely risks after accidental or occupational radiological accidents. Using scintigraphy, we assessed a topical lotion for its decontamination efficacy (DE) after exposure with short-lived medical radioisotopes technetium Tc 99m (99mTc) and thallium 201Tl (201Tl).MethodsUsing 99mTc (300 ± 5 μCi/100 μl) and 201Tl (100 ± 5 μCi/100 μl), the thoracoabdominal region (shaved skin) of Sprague Dawley rats and human tissue equivalent were contaminated and then decontaminated using cotton swabs soaked in formulated lotion at different time intervals. Static counts were recorded and calculated for DE. Histologic examination was performed on the animal model.ResultsThe DE of the formulation for 99mTc and 201Tl was 85% ± 5 and 88% ± 2, respectively. The prepared formulation effectively removed the radionuclides from the tissue surface.ConclusionsThe formulated lotion assisted in the effective removal of radiocontaminants by decontaminating the radionuclides. Moreover, minimal and easily manageable radioactive waste was generated by this process. Further investigation regarding the infusion of formulated lotion into ready-to-use skin wipes for self-decontamination may be useful for mass casualty scenarios. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:-)
Amplitude modulation of all three velocity components in turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Talluru K. M. , Baidya R. , Hutchins N. , Marusic I. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA combination of cross-wire probes with an array of flush-mounted skin-friction sensors are used to study the three-dimensional conditional organisation of large-scale structures in a high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layer. Previous studies have documented the amplitude modulation of small-scale motions in response to conditionally averaged large-scale events, but the data are largely restricted to the streamwise component of velocity alone. Here, we report results based on all three components of velocity and find that the small-scale spanwise and wall-normal fluctuations ($v$ and $w$) and the instantaneous Reynolds shear stress ($-{uw}$) are modulated in a very similar manner to that previously noted for the streamwise fluctuations ($u$). The envelope of the small scale fluctuations for all velocity components is well described by the large-scale component of the $u$ fluctuation. These results also confirm the conditional existence of roll modes associated with the very large-scale or ‘superstructure’ motions.
Richness and diversity of helminth species in eels from a hypersaline coastal lagoon, Mar Menor, south-east Spain
Authors: Mayo-Hernández E. , Peñalver J. , García-Ayala A. , Serrano E. , Muñoz P. , Ruiz de Ybáñez R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe composition and diversity of parasite communities and intestinal components, as well as infra-community structure, were assessed in eelsAnguilla anguilla,from Mar Menor, a permanent Mediterranean hypersaline coastal lagoon. Data were used to determine whether this helminth community differs in composition and structure from that of eels in lagoons with lower salinity regimes and higher freshwater inputs. A total prevalence of 93% was detected. Specifically, parasites were identified asDeropristis inflata,Bucephalus anguillae,Contracaecumsp.,Anguillicoloides crassusand two plerocercoid larvae belonging to the order Proteocephalidae, the marine species representing 91% of the isolated helminths. In the total community, digenetic trematodes were the dominant group of helminths, andD. inflata, an eel specialist, dominated both the component community and the infra-community. Richness and diversity were low but similar to those reported in other saline lagoons, and maximum species per eel did not exceed four. At the infra-community level, higher abundance than in other brackish or marine Mediterranean environments was detected. The findings provide further evidence of the similarity in composition and structure of helminth communities in eels from various Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Moreover, salinity-dependent specificities are well supported and reflect the life history of individual eels.
Differential Influence of 5-HTTLPR - Polymorphism and COMT Val158Met - Polymorphism on Emotion Perception and Regulation in Healthy Women
Authors: Weiss Elisabeth M. , Freudenthaler H. Harald , Fink Andreas , Reiser Eva M. , Niederstätter Harald , Nagl Simone , Parson Walther , Papousek Ilona 
Published: March 2014

AbstractConverging evidence indicates that a considerable amount of variance in self-estimated emotional competency can be directly attributed to genetic factors. The current study examined the associations between the polymorphisms of the Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT Met158Val) and the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and specific measures of the self-estimated effectiveness of an individual’s emotion perception and regulation. Emotional competence was measured in a large sample of 289 healthy women by using the Self-report Emotional Ability Scale (SEAS), which includes two subscales for the assessment of emotion perception and regulation in the intra-personal domain and two subscales for the assessment of emotion perception and regulation in the inter-personal domain. Participants’ reports of effective emotion regulation in everyday life were associated with the COMT Met-allele, with women homozygous for the Val-allele scoring lowest on this scale. Self-estimated effectiveness of emotion perception of the individual’s own emotions was related to the 5-HTTLPR. Both homozygous groups (s/s and l/l) rated their intra-personal emotion perception less effective than participants in the heterozygous s/l group. Taken together, the results indicate that genetic variants of the COMT and 5HTTLPR genes are differentially associated with specific measures of the self-estimated effectiveness of an individual’s emotion perception and regulation in the intra-personal domain. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–9)
Impact of vitamin D supplementation on health-care use in a 25-hydroxyvitamin D-tested population in France: a population-based descriptive cohort study
Authors: Caillet Pascal , Jaglal Susan B , Laforest Laurent , Chapurlat Roland , Rabilloud Muriel , Ducher Michel , Schott Anne-Marie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveChronic vitamin D deficiency has been associated in some patients with diffuse musculoskeletal pain. These unspecific symptoms may partly explain why vitamin D deficiency is often diagnosed late. Our aim was to analyse health-care claims after vitamin D supplementation in patients likely to have vitamin D deficiency.DesignAmbulatory health-care claims were compared before and after a vitamin D supplementation prescribed following a 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay.SettingHealth Insurance Fund (FHIF) database of the Rhône-Alpes area, France.SubjectsAmong patients reimbursed for a 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay between 1 December 2008 and 31 January 2009, those supplemented with vitamin D after the assay were matched on the date of assay to patients who did not receive vitamin D.ResultsAmong the 3023 patients who had a 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay, 935 were consequently supplemented and matched to 935 patients not supplemented. Their median age was 50·0 and 49·5 years, respectively. Patients supplemented decreased their muscle relaxant consumption whereas no change was observed in the reference group, the difference between the two groups was significant (P=0·03). Second and third Pain Relief Ladder prescriptions decreased in both groups but not significantly differently between groups (P=0·58). There was a decrease in prescriptions of biological examination in both groups with no significant difference.ConclusionsBesides a decrease in muscle relaxant prescriptions in the supplemented group, it was difficult to assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation in patients likely to have vitamin D deficiency. Prospective cohort studies and randomized trials are needed to assess the efficiency of screening and supplementing vitamin D deficiency.
Accounting: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Nobes Christopher 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
If you read the ‘business pages’ of a newspaper or if you listen to the financial news on the television or radio, you will often hear terms such as ‘liability’, ‘balance sheet’ or ‘earnings’. Accounting: A Very Short Introduction provides a guide to understanding and using accounting information. It examines the key concepts and the main types of accounting work, from bookkeeping and financial reporting to auditing and management accounting. It traces the development of accounting over the centuries; examines the building blocks of financial reports, such as assets and liabilities; and looks at how accounting differs between countries and the importance of international standards.