bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern of structural and functional brain abnormalities in asymptomatic granulin mutation carriers
Authors: Pievani Michela , Paternicò Donata , Benussi Luisa , Binetti Giuliano , Orlandini Alberto , Cobelli Milena , Magnaldi Silvia , Ghidoni Roberta , Frisoni Giovanni B. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the patterns of brain atrophy, white matter (WM) tract changes, and functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities in asymptomatic granulin (GRN) mutation carriers.MethodsTen cognitively normal subjects (five mutation carriers, GRN+; years to estimated disease onset: 12 ± 7; five mutation noncarriers, GRN−) underwent a clinical and imaging (structural, diffusion tensor, and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging) assessment. Brain atrophy was measured with cortical thickness analysis, WM abnormalities with tract‐based spatial statistics, and FC with independent component analysis.ResultsGRN+ showed smaller cortical thickness than GRN− in the right orbitofrontal and precentral gyrus and left rostral middle frontal gyrus. WM tracts abnormalities were limited to increased axial diffusivity in the right cingulum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and corticospinal tract. There were no differences in FC of resting‐state networks.ConclusionBrain atrophy and WM tract abnormalities in frontal‐parietal circuits can be detected at least a decade before the estimated symptom onset in asymptomatic mutation carriers.
Efficacy and safety evaluation of HSD‐1 inhibitor ABT‐384 in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Marek Gerard J. , Katz David A. , Meier Andreas , Greco Nicholas , Zhang Wuyan , Liu Wei , Lenz Robert A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn this study we assessed increased cortisol in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The selective 11‐β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD‐1) inhibitor ABT‐384 blocked regeneration of active cortisol and this tests the hypothesis that intracellular hypercortisolism contributes to cognitive impairment.MethodsIn this double‐blind, placebo‐ and active‐controlled phase II study we examine the efficacy and safety of ABT‐384 given 10 mg or 50 mg once daily, donepezil 10 mg once daily, or placebo for 12 weeks in subjects with mild‐to‐moderate AD. The primary efficacy end point was the change from baseline to final evaluation on the 13‐item Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive subscale (ADAS‐Cog) total score.ResultsThe study was terminated for futility after randomization of 267 subjects. ABT‐384 did not improve ADAS‐Cog scores or any secondary end point; however, donepezil significantly improved both cognition and functional end points. Overall incidence of adverse events was similar among treatment groups.ConclusionABT‐384, when tested at doses associated with complete brain HSD‐1 inhibition, did not produce symptomatic improvement in AD.
Basal forebrain atrophy and cortical amyloid deposition in nondemented elderly subjects
Authors: Grothe Michel J. , Ewers Michael , Krause Bernd , Heinsen Helmut , Teipel Stefan J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundBoth neurodegeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) and deposition of β‐amyloid are early events in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Associations between increased amyloid pathology and cholinergic atrophy have been described in autopsy studies.MethodsWe used structural MRI and AV45‐PET amyloid imaging data of 225 cognitively normal or mildly impaired elderly subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative to assess in vivo associations between BF atrophy and cortical amyloid deposition. Associations were examined using region‐of‐interest (ROI) and voxel‐based approaches with reference to cytoarchitectonic mappings of the cholinergic BF nuclei.ResultsROI‐ and voxel‐based approaches yielded complementary evidence for an association between BF volume and cortical amyloid deposition in presymptomatic and predementia stages of AD, irrespective of age, gender, and APOE genotype.ConclusionsThe observed correlations between BF atrophy and cortical amyloid load likely reflect associations between cholinergic degeneration and amyloid pathology as reported in neuropathologic examination studies.
Topological enumeration of complex polynomial vector fields
Authors: TOMASINI J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe enumeration of combinatorial classes of the complex polynomial vector fields in$ \mathbb{C} $presented by K. Dias [Enumerating combinatorial classes of the complex polynomial vector fields in$ \mathbb{C} $.Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. 33(2013), 416–440] is extended here to a closed form enumeration of combinatorial classes for degree$d$polynomial vector fields up to rotations of the$2(d- 1)\mathrm{th} $roots of unity. The main tool in the proof of this result is based on a general method of enumeration developed by V. A. Liskovets [Reductive enumeration under mutually orthogonal group actions.Acta Appl. Math. 52(1998), 91–120].
Riding the Orange Wave: Leadership, Values, Issues, and the 2011 Canadian Election
Authors: Fournier Patrick , Cutler Fred , Soroka Stuart , Stolle Dietlind , Bélanger Éric 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.The results of the 2011 Canadian federal election were surprising. What accounts for the dramatic and largely unexpected shift in electoral fortunes? Most importantly, what accounts for the sudden leap in popularity of the New Democratic Party, particularly in Quebec? The aftermath of election day produced no lack of potential explanations. Pundits, politicians, and political scientists have suggested many. This paper examines the empirical validity of various explanations swirling about the 2011 election, especially regarding the “orange surge.” The analysis relies upon the 2011 Canadian Election Study and the content of news media coverage. It concludes that the most important factors behind the orange wave were the image gap between Jack Layton and the other party leaders, as well as the proximity between the NDP's values and issue positions and those of many Quebeckers.Résumé.Le résultat de l'élection fédérale canadienne de 2011 a été surprenant. Comment expliquer les renversements dramatiques et largement inattendus dans les appuis aux partis politiques? Surtout, comment expliquer le bond soudain de popularité du Nouveau parti démocratique, particulièrement au Québec? Plusieurs explications potentielles ont été suggérées par les commentateurs, les politiciens et les politologues au lendemain de l'élection. Cet article examine la validité empirique de nombreuses explications entourant l'élection de 2011, notamment celles portant sur la « vague orange ». L'analyse repose sur l'Étude électorale canadienne de 2011 ainsi que sur le contenu de la couverture médiatique. Elle indique que les facteurs les plus importants à l'origine de la vague orange ont été l'écart entre l'image de Jack Layton et celle des autres chefs de partis, de même que la proximité entre le NPD et plusieurs Québécois quant aux valeurs et aux enjeux.
Theories of anterior cingulate cortex function: Opportunity cost
Authors: Holroyd Clay B. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe target article highlights the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in conflict monitoring, but ACC function may be better understood in terms of the hierarchical organization of behavior. This proposal suggests that the ACC selects extended goal-directed actions according to their learned costs and benefits and executes those behaviors subject to depleting resources.
Laser-driven ablation through fast electrons in PALS-experiment at the laser radiation intensity of 1–50 PW/cm2
Authors: Gus'kov S. Yu. , Demchenko N.N. , Kasperczuk A. , Pisarczyk T. , Kalinowska Z. , Chodukowski T. , Renner O. , Smid M. , Krousky E. , Pfeifer M. , Skala J. , Ullschmied J. , Pisarczyk P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe paper is directed to the study of high-temperature plasma and ablation plasma formation as well as efficiency of the laser energy transfer to solid targets irradiated by laser pulses with intensities of 1–50 PW/cm2and duration of 200–300 ps, i.e., at conditions corresponding to the characteristics of the laser spike designed to generate the igniting shock wave in the shock ignition concept. The experiments have been performed at Prague Asterix Laser System. The iodine laser delivered 250 ps (full width at half maximum) pulses with the energy in the range of 100–600 J at the first (λ1 = 1.315 µm) and third (λ3 = 0.438 µm) harmonic frequencies. The focal spot radius of the laser beam on the surface of Al or Cu targets made was gradually decreased from 160 to 40 µm. The diagnostic data collected using three-frame interferometry, X-ray spectroscopy, and crater replica technique were interpreted by two-dimensional numerical and analytical modeling which included generation and transport of fast electrons. The coupling parameterIλ2was varied in the range of 1 × 1014−8 × 1016 Wμm2/cm2covering the regimes of weak to intense fast electron generation. The dominant contribution of fast electron energy transfer into the ablation process and shock wave generation was found when using the first harmonic laser radiation, the focal spot radius of 40–100 µm, and the laser energy of 300–600 J.
Generation of parthenogenetic goat blastocysts: effects of different activation methods and culture media
Authors: Malik Hruda Nanda , Singhal Dinesh Kumar , Saugandhika Shrabani , Dubey Amit , Mukherjee Ayan , Singhal Raxita , Kumar Sudarshan , Kaushik Jai Kumar , Mohanty Ashok Kumar , Das Bikash Chandra , Bag Sadhan , Bhanja Subrata Kumar , Malakar Dhruba 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe present study was carried out to investigate the effects of different activation methods and culture media on thein vitrodevelopment of parthenogenetic goat blastocysts. Calcium (Ca2+)ionophore, ethanol or a combination of the two, used as activating reagents, and embryo development medium (EDM), modified Charles Rosenkrans (mCR2a) medium and research vitro cleave (RVCL) medium were used to evaluate the developmental competence of goat blastocysts. Quantitative expression of apoptosis, stress and developmental competence-related genes were analysed in different stages of embryos. In RVCL medium, the cleavage rate of Ca2+ionophore-treated oocytes (79.61 ± 0.86) was significantly (P< 0.05) higher than in ethanol (74.90 ± 1.51) or in the combination of both Ca2+ionophore and ethanol. In mCR2a or EDM, hatched blastocyst production rate of Ca2+ionophore-treated oocytes (8.33 ± 1.44) was significantly higher than in ethanol (6.46 ± 0.11) or in the combined treatment (6.70 ± 0.24). In ethanol, the cleavage, blastocyst and hatched blastocyst production rates in RVCL medium (74.90 ± 1.51, 18.30 ± 1.52 and 8.24 ± 0.15, respectively) were significantly higher than in EDM (67.81 ± 3.21, 14.59 ± 0.27 and 5.59 ± 0.42) or mCR2a medium (65.09 ± 1.57, 15.36 ± 0.52 and 6.46 ± 0.11). The expression of BAX, Oct-4 and GlUT1 transcripts increased gradually from 2-cell stage to blastocyst-stage embryos, whereas the transcript levels of Bcl-2 and MnSOD were significantly lower in blastocysts. In addition, different activation methods and culture media had little effect on the pattern of variation and relative abundance of the above genes in different stages of parthenogenetic activated goat embryos. In conclusion, Ca2+ionophore as the activating agent, and RVCL as the culture medium are better than other tested options for development of parthenogenetic activated goat blastocysts.
Differences in the nutritional content of baby and toddler foods with front-of-package nutrition claims issued by manufacturers v. governments/health organizations
Authors: Metcalfe Amy , Elliott Charlene 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveNutritional information panels are required on all packaged food products in the USA, yet are perceived as difficult to use by consumers. Nutritional symbols have been developed by various groups to assist consumers in making healthier food purchases. Different nutritional criteria are used depending on the authorizing body of these symbols. The present study assesses the nutrient profile of baby and toddler foods in light of their accompanying nutritional symbols.DesignKruskal–Wallis and χ2 tests were used to assess differences in the nutritional content of products based on the presence and issuing body of nutritional symbols.SettingNine grocery, drug and department stores in Philadelphia, PA, USA.SubjectsTwo hundred and forty packaged baby and toddler foods.ResultsProducts whose nutritional symbol was issued by government/health professionals contained significantly more Ca (P = 0·002), fibre (P = 0·001), protein (P = 0·005), vitamin A (P = 0·011), vitamin C (P < 0·001) and Zn (P < 0·001) and less sugar (P = 0·004) per serving than products without a nutritional symbol and products whose nutritional symbol was issued by the manufacturer.ConclusionsProducts with a nutritional symbol issued by government/health professionals were healthier than foods with nutritional symbols issued by the manufacturer directly and foods with no nutritional symbols.
Characterizing and extending answer set semantics using possibility theory
Authors: BAUTERS KIM , SCHOCKAERT STEVEN , DE COCK MARTINE , VERMEIR DIRK 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAnswer Set Programming (ASP) is a popular framework for modelling combinatorial problems. However, ASP cannot be used easily for reasoning about uncertain information. Possibilistic ASP (PASP) is an extension of ASP that combines possibilistic logic and ASP. In PASP a weight is associated with each rule, whereas this weight is interpreted as the certainty with which the conclusion can be established when the body is known to hold. As such, it allows us to model and reason about uncertain information in an intuitive way. In this paper we present new semantics for PASP in which rules are interpreted as constraints on possibility distributions. Special models of these constraints are then identified as possibilistic answer sets. In addition, since ASP is a special case of PASP in which all the rules are entirely certain, we obtain a new characterization of ASP in terms of constraints on possibility distributions. This allows us to uncover a new form of disjunction, called weak disjunction, that has not been previously considered in the literature. In addition to introducing and motivating the semantics of weak disjunction, we also pinpoint its computational complexity. In particular, while the complexity of most reasoning tasks coincides with standard disjunctive ASP, we find that brave reasoning for programs with weak disjunctions is easier.
A V-band switched-beam transmit-array antenna
Authors: Zevallos Luna José A. , Dussopt Laurent 
Published: January 2014

A high-directivity switched-beam antenna in the V-band is presented and includes a circularly-polarized transmit-array realized in a low-cost printed technology associated with a focal source array integrated on high-resistivity silicon. The measurements show a maximum gain of 12.1 dBi, a 3-dB gain-bandwidth of 57.8–70 GHz, and an axial ratio below 5 dB. The antenna exhibits five beams pointing from −22° to +23° in one plane, its size of 25 × 25 × 10 mm3is compatible with the integration in different multimedia communication devices.
International humanitarian law interoperability in multinational operations
Authors: Zwanenburg Marten 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article describes some of the challenges raised by multinational operations for the application of international humanitarian law. Such challenges are the result of different levels of ratification of treaties, divergent interpretations of shared obligations, and the fact that there is no central authority that determines who is a party to an armed conflict. The article discusses methods that have been developed to ensure ‘legal interoperability’. Some of these methods attempt to avoid situations where such interoperability is required. Where this is not possible, a ‘maximalist’ or a ‘minimalist’ approach can be taken, and in practice these are usually combined.
Meaningfulness in Work in Brazilian and French Creative Industries
Authors: Bendassolli Pedro F. , Borges-Andrade Jairo Eduardo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the meaningfulness that Brazilian and French artists find in their work, considering the historic French cultural influence in the Brazilian creative industry. The specific objective was to cross-culturally validate a model of meaningfulness in work that was developed in French Canada and that includes five latent variables: learning and development, utility of work, quality of working relationships, autonomy, and moral correctness. The present study used a French Canadian measurement instrument that was developed for the health care and management occupations in Quebec. A total of 648 individuals, 280 in France and 368 in Brazil, provided online responses that were then analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA). The five–factor structure of the meaningfulness in work model was found to be similar for the two samples of artists—although this model was a better fit to the data for the Brazilian creative professionals than the data for their French counterparts. The analyses showed that the two groups understand the structure of the meaningfulness factors in a similar manner (configural and metric invariance). The study also showed that conceived as a social and economic core activity, work is present in the context of the arts as well as in the traditional sectors of the economy for which the model was developed.
Enhanced flowType/RchyOptimyx: a Bioconductor pipeline for discovery in high-dimensional cytometry data
Authors: O’Neill Kieran , Jalali Adrin , Aghaeepour Nima , Hoos Holger , Brinkman Ryan R. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Summary: We present a significantly improved version of the flowType and RchyOptimyx BioConductor-based pipeline that is both 14 times faster and can accommodate multiple levels of biomarker expression for up to 96 markers. With these improvements, the pipeline is positioned to be an integral part of data analysis for high-throughput experiments on high-dimensional single-cell assay platforms, including flow cytometry, mass cytometry and single-cell RT-qPCR.
Availability: FlowType and RchyOptimyx are distributed under the Artistic 2.0 license through Bioconductor.
Contact: rbrinkman@bccrc.ca
Predictors to employees with disabilities’ organisational behaviour and involvement in employment
Authors: Hashim Junaidah , Wok Saodah 
Published: January 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the work challenges of employees with disabilities and predict the organisational behaviours of employees and their involvement in employment.

Design/methodology/approach
– A self-developed questionnaire was used to gather relevant information from employers, employees with disabilities and their co-workers. The questionnaires were distributed and administered by a number of trained enumerators.

Findings
– Both employers and co-workers perceived that their organisations have provided conducive organisation climate, comfortable work environment and reasonable adjustment for their employees with disabilities. Employees with disabilities are found loyal and committed. They are satisfied with the job. Organisational loyalty and commitment are predicted by the organisations’ ability to restructure their job design to suit to the needs of employees with disabilities.

Research limitations/implications
– Initially, this study planned to use purposive sampling; however, due to poor database maintained by the relevant agency of employees with disability employment in the country, the paper was unable to identify which employers employ how many employees with disabilities. The sampling then was based on convenient sampling.

Practical implications
– Job design, organisational climate and comfortable work environment have long been recognised for motivating employees’ performance (Hackman et al., 1975; Garg and Rastogi, 2006). The paper's findings show that these factors also motivate employees with disabilities. This is added value to the existing body of knowledge as limited is known about the motivation of employees with disabilities.

Originality/value
– This study is unique because it gathers data from several parties: employees with disabilities, the co-workers and the employers.
Knowledge productivity for sustainable innovation: social capital as HRD target
Authors: Ehlen Corry , van der Klink Marcel , Roentgen Uta , Curfs Emile , Boshuizen Henny 
Published: January 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to test the feasibility of a conceptual model on relations between organisational innovation, knowledge productivity and social capital. It explores processes of knowledge productivity for sustainable innovation and associated HRD implications in knowledge intensive organisations, taking the perspective that social capital is a key influencing condition.Design/methodology/approach– This qualitative case-study concerned a large-scale innovation project between knowledge-intensive organisations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants from six innovation groups as well as with the project management.Findings– Findings showed that four dimensions of social capital influence knowledge productivity, each requiring a minimum quality to create a rich innovation environment for sustainable results. The relational and cognitive dimensions seem most important, while the action dimension makes them productive. Knowledge productivity appears twofold, i.e. organisational innovation, and professional ability for future innovation. Found are 18 new indicators.Research limitations/implications– Only one large-scale inter-organisational case was conducted.Practical implications– It is suggested that project management, group leaders and HRD officers target social capital as condition for knowledge productivity that should be stimulated, not just by planned interventions, but by “being” there as supporter, coach and mediator.Originality/value– The article contributes to our knowledge about innovations in knowledge-rich organisations, broadens the concept of knowledge productivity, and provides a new framework of social capital as intervention model for HRD. In addition, not often dealt with in literature, the dynamic of innovation is shown.
The effects of career plateaued workers on in-group members’ perceptions of P-O fit
Authors: Conner Deondra 
Published: January 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects on in-group members of an influential worker's response to being in a state of career plateau.Design/methodology/approach– Using the concepts of the career plateau, person-organization fit, and organizational climate, a set of propositions is presented and discussed relative to the influential worker's response. A model is presented to illustrate the effects and the components involved.Findings– An influential career plateaued worker can affect the in-group he or she is associated with. An ineffectively plateaued worker is not only low in productivity, but also resorts to such negative behavior as absenteeism, withdrawal, and frequent job changes. When noticed by other in-group members, such behavior can affect their attitudes and behaviors.Practical implications– The organizational socialization process can counter the effects of the otherwise influential ineffectively career plateaued person's response. This is possible if the socialization process is strong enough to overcome (or complement) certain personal characteristics of the in-group members and their association with the career plateaued person by creating an environment where career progress, performance expectations, and role expectations are clear.Originality/value– The paper develops an original model based on a set of theory-based propositions that is of value to both academicians and practitioners.