bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose by Gluconacetobacter hansenii CGMCC 3917
Authors: Feng Xianchao , Ullah Niamat , Wang Xuejiao , Sun Xuchun , Li Chenyi , Bai Yun , Chen Lin , Li Zhixi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this study, comprehensive characterization and drying methods on properties of bacterial cellulose were analyzed. Bacterial cellulose was prepared by Gluconacetobacter hansenii CGMCC 3917, which was mutated by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment. Bacterial cellulose is mainly comprised of cellulose Iα with high crystallinity and purity. High‐water holding and absorption capacity were examined by reticulated structure. Thermogravimetric analysis showed high thermal stability. High tensile strength and Young's modulus indicated its mechanical properties. The rheological analysis showed that bacterial cellulose had good consistency and viscosity. These results indicated that bacterial cellulose is a potential food additive and also could be used for a food packaging material. The high textural stability during freeze–thaw cycles makes bacterial cellulose an effective additive for frozen food products. In addition, the properties of bacterial cellulose can be affected by drying methods. Our results suggest that the bacterial cellulose produced from HHP‐mutant strain has an effective characterization, which can be used for a wide range of applications in food industry.
The Glycemic Potential of White and Red Rice Affected by Oil Type and Time of Addition
Authors: Kaur Bhupinder , Ranawana Viren , Teh Ai‐Ling , Henry C Jeya.K 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLimited research exists on how different oil types and time of addition affect starch digestibility of rice. This study aimed to assess the starch digestibility of white and red rice prepared with 2 oil types: vegetable oil (unsaturated fat) and ghee (clarified butter, saturated fat) added at 3 different time points during the cooking process (“before”: frying raw rice in oil before boiling, “during”: adding oil during boiling, and “after”: stir‐frying cooked rice in oil). Red rice produced a slower digestion rate than white rice. White rice digestibility was not affected by oil type, but was affected by addition time of oil. Adding oil “after” (stir‐frying) to white or red rice resulted in higher slowly digestible starch. Red rice cooked using ghee showed the lowest amount of glucose release during in vitro digestion. The addition of ghee “during” (that is boiling with ghee) or “before” (that is frying rice raw with ghee then boiling) cooking showed potential for attenuating the postprandial glycemic response and increasing resistant starch content. This is the first report to show healthier ways of preparing rice. White rice with oil added “after” (stir‐fried) may provide a source of sustained glucose and stabilize blood glucose levels. Boiling red rice with ghee or cooking red rice with ghee pilaf‐style may provide beneficial effects on postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations, and improve colonic health. The encouraging results of the present study justify extending it to an in vivo investigation to conclusively determine the effect of time of addition of fat when rice is cooked on blood glucose homeostasis.
Physicochemical and Gelatinization Properties of Starches Separated from Various Rice Cultivars
Authors: Woo Hee‐Dong , We Gyoung Jin , Kang Tae‐Young , Shon Kee Hyuk , Chung Hyung‐Wook , Yoon Mi‐Ra , Lee Jeom‐Sig , Ko Sanghoon 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMorphological, viscoelastic, hydration, pasting, and thermal properties of starches separated from 10 different rice cultivars were investigated. Upon gelatinization, the G′ values of the rice starch pastes ranged from 37.4 to 2057 Pa at 25 °C, and remarkably, the magnitude depended on the starch varieties. The rheological behavior during gelatinization upon heating brought out differences in onset in G′ and degree of steepness. The cultivar with high amylose content (Goami) showed the lowest critical strain (γc), whereas the cultivars with low amylose content (Boseokchal and Shinseonchal) possessed the highest γc. The amylose content in rice starches affected their pasting properties; the sample possessing the highest amylose content showed the highest final viscosity and setback value, whereas waxy starch samples displayed low final viscosity and setback value. The onset gelatinization temperatures of the starches from 10 rice cultivars ranged between 57.9 and 64.4 °C. The amylose content was fairly correlated to hydration and pasting properties of rice starches but did not correlate well with viscoelastic and thermal characteristics. The combined analysis of hydration, pasting, viscoelastic, and thermal data of the rice starches is useful in fully understanding their behavior and in addressing the processability for food applications.
A comparison of the i‐gel™ and the PRO‐Breathe® laryngeal mask during pressure support ventilation in children
Authors: Drake‐Brockman T. F. E. , Ledowski T. , Hegarty M. , Gessner M. , von Ungern‐Sternberg B. S. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryMany studies comparing the i‐gel™ with laryngeal masks include patients in whom laryngeal mask cuff inflation pressures are higher than recommended, or involve the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs and positive pressure ventilation. We compared the i‐gel with the PRO‐Breathe® laryngeal mask in anaesthetised, spontaneously breathing children. Two hundred patients aged up to 16 years were randomly allocated to either the i‐gel or the PRO‐Breathe laryngeal mask. The PRO‐Breathe was inflated to an intracuff pressure of 40 cmH2O. All patients received pressure support of 10 cmH2O and positive end‐expiratory pressure of 5 cmH2O. Successful insertion at the first attempt was 82% for the i‐gel compared with 93% for the PRO‐Breathe (p = 0.019). Leakage volume was significantly higher with i‐gel sizes 1.5 (p = 0.015), 2 (p = 0.375), 2.5 (p = 0.021) and 3 (p = 0.003) compared with the equivalent‐sized PRO‐Breathe device. Device dislodgement following successful initial placement was more frequent with the i‐gel (5%) compared with the PRO‐Breathe laryngeal mask (0%). We conclude that the PRO‐Breathe laryngeal mask is superior to the i‐gel in terms of leakage volume and device dislodgement.
Calculating the Debt Gap
Authors: Ross Andrew 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUsing the debate over Scottish independence as a case study, this article analyses how calculating creditworthiness—or “sovereign risk”—has increasingly become the investment yardstick used by the political class to chart the limits to national self‐determination. In considering other species of predatory lending—municipal debt and household debt‐the article also charts the migration of the so‐called “debt trap” from Southern countries to the North over the last decade. It assesses the progress of advanced societies towards a state of creditocracy, in which the goal of the creditor class is to wrap debt around every social good, generating long‐term income streams and repayment obligations that are unsustainable in a functional democracy. The conclusion argues that debt refusal is a legitimate method of salvaging popular democracy.
Childhood diarrhoea in Danish day care centres could be associated with infant colic, low birthweight and antibiotics
Authors: Hebbelstrup Jensen Betina , Röser Dennis , Andreassen Bente Utoft , Olsen Katharina E. P. , Nielsen Henrik Vedel , Roldgaard Bent Bjørn , Schjørring Susanne , Mirsepasi‐Lauridsen Hengameh Chloé , Jørgensen Steffen L. , Mortensen Esben Munk , Petersen Andreas Munk , Krogfelt Karen Angeliki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimDiarrhoea is very common in children attending day care centres. The aim of this study was to examine certain predisposing risk factors for an association with diarrhoea, including foreign travel, treatment with antibiotics, having household pets, infant colic, bottle feeding, using a pacifier and low birthweight.MethodsA dynamic one‐year follow‐up cohort study comprising 179 children from 36 day care centres was conducted from September 2009 to July 2013 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Questionnaires were sent to the children's parents or legal guardians every two months for a year, requesting information on gastrointestinal symptoms and exposure. A logistic regression was performed to identify the odds ratios of different risk factors for diarrhoea.ResultsThe odds ratios for diarrhoea were 1.97 (0.93–4.20) for children with a history of infant colic, 1.91 (0.90–4.04) for low birthweight children and 1.45 (0.74–2.82) for children who had used antibiotics. Having a pet in the household had a possible protective effect towards diarrhoeal events, with an odds ratio of 0.47 (0.20–1.09).ConclusionA history of infant colic, low birthweight, and to a lesser extent antibiotic use, possibly increased the risk of diarrhoea in Danish children in day care centres.
Association of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor valine to methionine polymorphism with sexual dysfunction following selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment in female patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Nazree Nur Elia , Mohamed Zahurin , Reynolds Gavin P. , Mohd Zain Shamsul , Masiran Ruziana , Sidi Hatta , Chong Lu Ann , Hway Anne Yee , Adlan Aida Syarinaz , Zainal Nor Zuraida 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe occurrence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) treatment gives negative impacts on patients' quality of life and causes treatment discontinuation. We aimed to investigate whether genetic polymorphism of identified candidate gene is associated with FSD in our study population.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study. A total of 95 female patients with MDD who met the criteria of the study were recruited and were specifically assessed on the sexual function by trained psychiatrists. Patients' DNA was genotyped for BDNF Val66Met polymorphism using real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe prevalence of FSD in this study is 31.6%. In the FSD group, patients with problematic marriage were significantly more frequent compared with patients who did not have problematic marriage (P = 0.009). Significant association was detected in the lubrication domain with BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (P = 0.030) using additive genetic model, with even stronger association when using the recessive model (P = 0.013).DiscussionThis study suggested that there was no significant association between BDNF Val66Met with FSD. However, this polymorphism is significantly associated with lubrication disorder in patients treated with SSRIs.
Parents' experiences of being in the Solihull Approach parenting group, ‘Understanding Your Child's Behaviour’: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Vella L. R. , Butterworth R. E. , Johnson R. , Urquhart Law G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundEmpirical evidence suggests that the Solihull Approach parenting group, ‘Understanding Your Child's Behaviour’ (UYCB), can improve child behaviour and parental well‐being. However, little is known about parents' in‐depth experience of participating in the UYCB programme. This study provides an in‐depth qualitative evaluation of UYCB, focussing on possible moderating factors and mechanisms of change that may inform programme development.MethodTen parents (eight mothers and two fathers), recruited from seven UYCB groups across two locations, were interviewed within 7 weeks of completing the group and again 10 months later. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsFour themes were identified: ‘Two Tiers of Satisfaction’, ‘Development as a Parent’, ‘Improved Self‐belief’ and ‘The “Matthew Effect”’. In summary, the majority of parents were immensely satisfied at both completion and follow‐up: they valued an experience of containment and social support and perceived improvement in specific child difficulties, their experience of parenting, their confidence and their coping. Most parents appeared to have developed more reflective and empathic parenting styles, with self‐reported improved behaviour management. Theoretical material was well received, although some struggled with technical language. Positive outcomes appeared to be maintained, even reinforced, at follow‐up, and were associated with having few initial child difficulties, perceiving improvement at completion and persevering with the recommendations. Two participants, whose children had the most severe difficulties, perceived deterioration and felt that the group was insufficient for their level of difficulties.ConclusionThrough in‐depth analysis of parental experiences, UYCB appears to achieve its aims and communicate well its theoretical principles, although change may also occur through processes common to other group programmes (e.g. social support). Recommendations, stemming from the experiences of these parents, include simplified language, separate groups for parents with complex needs, greater emphasis on the importance of perseverance, and additional support for parents who appear to be struggling to make changes.
Sensing Abnormal Resource Flow Using Adaptive Limit Process Charts in a Complex Supply Network*
Authors: Sawaya William J. , Pathak Surya , Day Jamison M. , Kristal Mehmet Murat 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTSupply networks are becoming increasingly complex with multiple overlapping relationships between firms that may span across industries. Consequently, inventory management is becoming more difficult as managers have to cope with variability in the supply flows that originate from different parts of the network. Managers that quickly sense abnormal flows may intervene and adapt their inventory policies in response to system changes. In this article, we present a framework for sensing abnormal flows originating within the upstream supply network of a focal organization. Our framework combines time series modeling with process charts to identify abnormal flow patterns in the incoming supply streams. It is a flexible framework that uses off‐the‐shelf technology to provide managers with a process that can be employed for monitoring multiple individual or aggregated data streams originating within any complex system such as complex adaptive supply networks. We illustrate our framework on four years of longitudinal supply data from the second largest food bank in the United States. We identify multiple instances of abnormal supply flows and validate our results through rigorous inventory analysis as well as field‐based expert interviews. We discuss the implications of our findings for inventory management in complex supply networks, both from academic and practitioner points of view.
Prevalence of orofacial dysfunction in cerebral palsy and its association with gross motor function and manual ability
Authors: Edvinsson Siv E , Lundqvist Lars‐Olov 
Published: September 2015

AimTo investigate the prevalence of orofacial dysfunction (OFD) and explore factors associated with OFD in young individuals with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodWe conducted a cross‐sectional study on a population with CP in a Swedish county (132 individuals, mean age 14y 2mo [SD 4y 5mo], range 5–22y) using the Nordic Orofacial Test – Screening (NOT‐S), Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS). The NOT‐S interview was completed by 129 individuals (76 males, 53 females) of whom 52 (30 males, 22 females) also agreed to complete the NOT‐S examination.ResultsOFD occurred in at least one NOT‐S domain in about 80% of the individuals and was present in all subdiagnoses, GMFCS levels, and MACS levels. Prevalence of OFD increased with increasing levels of GMFCS and MACS from level I=55% to level V=100%. Within the 12 NOT‐S domains, the prevalence of OFD varied between 19% and 69%, wherein seven of them were at least 40%: ‘Drooling’, ‘Nose breathing’, ‘Chewing and swallowing’, ‘Face at rest’, ‘Oral motor function’, ‘Speech’, and ‘Facial expression’ (in ascending order).InterpretationOFD is common in CP. The use of OFD screening in health service planning would assist detection of areas in need of further evaluation.
Distributions of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in Scotland's topsoil: a national‐scale study
Authors: Thornton B. , Martin G. , Procee M. , Miller D. R. , Coull M. , Yao H. , Chapman S. J. , Hudson G. , Midwood A. J. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe land use and climate of Scotland are currently undergoing change. Concentrations of Natural abundance stable isotopes in ecosystems have been used extensively to help to understand a wide range of processes and functions. In the current study topsoil was collected from the intercepts of a 20‐km grid across the whole of Scotland (183 points), which encompass large differences in mean annual temperature (MAT,3.1–9.1°C), mean annual precipitation (MAP, 588–3470 mm) and land use (from arable land through grassland and woodland to less fertile moorlands and bogs). At each sampling point the natural abundance δ13C and δ15N values were measured. This paper describes for the first time the spatial distribution of these isotopes in the topsoil of Scotland. We applied linear modelling to assess the extent to which land use and climate can control the observed distributions. The more enriched topsoil δ13C values occurred in the northern and western regions of Scotland. Topsoil δ13C values were tightly constrained about the mean, and possibly because of this we were able to explain only 23.6% of the variance even after considering the potential effects of a wide range of abiotic factors and land uses. Precipitation and land use explained the greatest variance in topsoil δ13C, but individually this was only 10.4 and 9.9%, respectively. Topsoil δ15N values showed a more complex spatial arrangement. The main areas of the more enriched δ15N values were in the northern isles, along or near the coast on the eastern side of the country and in some areas of the western mainland. For topsoil δ15N, all explanatory variables together explained 55.7% of the variance, with land use alone explaining 45.4%. Soil under arable land and improved grassland, the more fertile sites, had the most enriched δ15N values, whereas woodland and bogs had the most depleted values. A positive relationship between topsoil δ15N and potential rate of nitrification suggested that this was due, at least in part, to greater losses of nitrate under arable land and improved grassland.
Cytogenetic and oxidative status of human lymphocytes after exposure to clinically relevant concentrations of antimalarial drugs atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride in vitro
Authors: Dinter Domagoj , Gajski Goran , Domijan Ana‐Marija , Garaj‐Vrhovac Vera 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAtovaquone (ATO) and proguanil hydrochloride (PROG) is the fixed combination for the prevention and treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. As safe and effective antimalarial drugs are needed in both the treatment and the prophylaxis of malaria, this study was performed to investigate their possible cyto/genotoxic potential towards human lymphocytes and the possible mechanism responsible for it. Two different concentrations of ATO and PROG were used with and without S9 metabolic activation. The concentrations used were those found in human plasma when a fixed‐dose combination of ATO and PROG was used: 2950/130 ng/mL after prophylactic treatment and 11 800/520 ng/mL after treatment of malaria, respectively. Possible cellular and DNA‐damaging effects were evaluated by cell viability and alkaline comet assays, while oxidative stress potential was evaluated by formamidopyrimidine‐DNA glycosylase (Fpg)‐modified comet assay, in addition to measuring malondialdehyde and glutathione levels. According to our results, the ATO/PROG combination displayed only weak cyto/genotoxic potential towards human lymphocytes with no impact on oxidative stress parameters, suggesting that oxidative stress is not implicated in their mechanism of action towards human lymphocytes. Given that the key portion of the damaging effects was induced after S9 metabolic activation, it is to presume that the principal metabolite of PROG, cycloguanil, had the greatest impact. The obtained results indicate that the ATO/PROG combination is relatively safe for the consumption from the aspect of cyto/genotoxicity, especially if used for prophylactic treatment. Nevertheless, further cytogenetic research and regular patient monitoring are needed to minimize the risk of adverse events especially among frequent travellers.
Safety of zidovudine dose reduction in treatment‐naïve HIV infected patients. A randomized controlled study (MiniZID)
Authors: Rougemont M , Nchotu Ngang P , Stoll B , Delhumeau C , Hill A , Ciaffi L , Bonnet F , Menga G , Fampou J‐C , Calmy A 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundSinceSeptember 2014, zidovudine (ZDV)‐based therapy forHIVhas been the preferred second‐lineWHOregimen inCameroon, but its use is limited by the risk of anaemia at standard dosage. We assessed the safety of a reducedvs. standard dose ofZDVto decrease the risk of anaemia in treatment‐naïve,HIV‐infected individuals.MethodsIn a prospective, randomized, open‐label trial in anHIVclinic inCameroon, 142 eligible adults (CD4 count < 350 cells/μL) were randomized to receive 24 weeks of a regimen comprising lamivudine plus nevirapine with either a reduced (400 mg) or standard dose (600 mg) ofZDV. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with new/worsening anaemia.ResultsMedian age was 35 years; 58.5% were women; median body mass index was 23.2 kg/m2. At baseline, median haemoglobin was 11.6 g/dL, medianCD4 cell count was 163 cells/μL, and median plasmaHIV‐1RNAload was 5.4 log10copies/mL. The proportion of participants with new/worsening anaemia was 37.5% (400 mgZDV) and 32.9% (600 mgZDV) (P = 0.563). Ten patients with severe anaemia required a switch fromZDVto tenofovir (11.4% in standard‐dose armvs. 2.8% in low‐dose arm;P = 0.054). At 24 weeks, there was no significant difference between treatment groups, including medianCD4 T‐cell count increases.ConclusionsNo significant difference was observed in the overall rate of anaemia betweenHIV‐infected individuals starting aZDV‐based treatment according to a standard‐ or reduced‐dose regimen. Severe anaemia and treatment switches related to study drug, however, were more frequent with 600 mg than 400 mgZDV.