bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobic organic contaminant transport property heterogeneity in the Borden Aquifer
Authors: Allen‐King Richelle M. , Kalinovich Indra , Dominic David F. , Wang Guohui , Polmanteer Reid , Divine Dana 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe determined that the spatial heterogeneity in aquifer properties governing the reactive transport of volatile organic contaminants is defined by the arrangement of lithofacies. We measured permeability (k) and perchloroethene sorption distribution coefficient (Kd) for lithofacies that we delineated for samples from the Canadian Forces Base Borden Aquifer. We compiled existing data and collected 57 new cores to characterize a 30 m section of the aquifer near the test location of Mackay et al. (1986). The k and Kd were measured for samples taken at six elevations from all cores to create a data set consisting of nearly 400 colocated measurements. Through analysis of variance (corrected for multiple comparisons), we determined that the 12 originally mapped lithofacies could be grouped into five relatively distinct chemohydrofacies that capture the variability of both transport properties. The mean of ln k by lithofacies was related to the grain size and the variance was relatively consistent. In contrast, both the mean and variance of ln Kd were greater for more poorly sorted lithofacies, which were also typically more coarse‐grained. Half of the aquifer sorption capacity occurred in the three highest‐sorbing lithofacies but comprised only 20% of its volume. The model of the aquifer that emerged is that of discontinuous scour‐fill deposits of medium sand, generally characterized by greater Kd and k, within laterally extensive fine‐grained to very fine‐grained sands of lower Kd and k. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering source rock composition, transport, and deposition processes when constructing conceptual models of chemohydrofacies.
The avascular zone and neuronal remodeling of the fovea in Parkinson disease
Authors: Miri Shahnaz , Shrier Eric M. , Glazman Sofya , Ding Yin , Selesnick Ivan , Kozlowski Piotr B. , Bodis‐Wollner Ivan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractInner foveal thinning and intracellular alpha‐synuclein were demonstrated in the retina in Parkinson disease. While pathognomonic alpha‐synuclein is associated with embryonic dopaminergic (DA) neurons, postmortem studies in the nervous system and retina show prominent effect also in non‐DA neurons. We evaluated foveal capillaries and foveal thickness in 23 Parkinson disease subjects and 13 healthy controls using retinal fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography. The size of the foveal avascular zone inversely correlates with foveal thinning. Foveal thinning highly correlates with motor impairment and also disease duration. Quantifying capillary and neuronal remodeling could serve as biological markers.
Negative Emotions Felt During Trial: the Effect of Fear, Anger, and Sadness on Juror Decision Making
Authors: Nuñez Narina , Schweitzer Kimberly , Chai Christopher A. , Myers Bryan 
Published: January 2015

SummaryDuring trial, jurors may experience a variety of emotions, many of which are negative. The current study examined the effects the negative emotions anger, fear, and sadness had on jurors' sentencing decisions and explored whether the cognitive appraisal theory or the intuitive prosecutor model could explain these effects. Jurors viewed the sentencing phase of a capital murder trial and were asked to sentence the defendant. Results indicated that after viewing the trial, jurors reported increased anger and sadness, but not fear. However, only change in anger affected jurors' sentences. Jurors who reported a greater change in anger were more likely to sentence the defendant to death. This effect was mediated by the level of importance that jurors placed on the prosecution's evidence and argument. Consistent with the intuitive prosecutor model, increased anger led to higher ratings of the importance of the aggravating evidence and an increase in death sentences. Implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex Really Does Sell: The Recall of Sexual and Non‐sexual Television Advertisements in Sexual and Non‐sexual Programmes
Authors: King James , McClelland Alastair , Furnham Adrian 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe present study examined memory for advertisements as a function of both advertisement content and the contextual programme content. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: in one condition, they watched a sexual programme and in the other a non‐sexual programme. Embedded within each programme were the same highly sexual and non‐sexual advertisements that had been matched in pairs for five products. Memory for the advertisements and involvement in the programmes was measured. It was found that on three indices (free recall, brand recognition and prompted recall), memory for the sexual advertisements was superior to that for non‐sexual advertisements. There was no effect of the programme content on advertisement recall and no relationship between programme involvement and advertisement recall. The results are discussed with reference to extant literature on memory for advertisements. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed ortho‐Arylation of Anilides with Aryl Halides
Authors: Haridharan Radhakrishnan , Muralirajan Krishnamoorthy , Cheng Chien‐Hong 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn efficient o‐arylation of pivalamides by aryl iodides via rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C–H activation is demonstrated for the first time. Further, the biaryl products can be converted effectively into biologically active phenanthridine and phenanthridinone derivative.magnified image
Predictors of prolonged laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of low‐grade acute cholecystitis: a single‐center, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Kaneko Tadashi , Kuwahara Taichi , Harada Toshio , Kawaoka Toru , Hiraki Sakurao , Fukuda Shintaro 
Published: January 2015

AimLaparoscopic cholecystectomy is frequently used to treat low‐grade acute cholecystitis. Improvements in technical skills have reduced the rate of conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery. In this study, we sought to identify factors that might predict the surgical time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as possible markers for surgical difficulty.MethodsWe carried out a single‐center retrospective analysis of a Japanese medical insurance database. Data were retrieved for 87 patients with acute cholecystitis. The analyzed factors included age, sex, body mass index, medical history, blood laboratory data, computed tomography findings, and time from disease onset to surgery. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with surgical time.ResultsEdema of the gallbladder wall on computed tomography, neutrophil sequestration, body mass index, and history of acute cholangitis were significantly associated with surgical time (P = 0.014, 0.027, 0.043, and 0.047, respectively). The conversion rate from laparoscopic surgery to open surgery was 2%.ConclusionsOur results suggest that edema of the gallbladder wall on computed tomography, neutrophil sequestration, body mass index, and history of acute cholangitis are associated with surgical time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis in our hospital.
Synthesis of Enantioenriched 5,6‐Dihydrophenanthridine Derivatives through retro‐Carbopalladation of Chiral o‐Bromobenzylamines
Authors: Ye Juntao , Limouni Aurore , Zaichuk Sonia , Lautens Mark 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRetro‐carbopalladation of aldimines in the presence of a suitable β‐hydrogen atom has been observed in the Pd‐catalyzed homocoupling reactions of o‐bromobenzylamines, providing an expeditious synthetic route to 5,6‐dihydrophenanthridine derivatives. Furthermore, a highly enantioselective synthesis of 6‐aryl‐substituted 5,6‐dihydrophenanthridines was achieved in a one‐pot manner by taking advantage of Rh and Pd catalysis.
Elucidation of the Concise Biosynthetic Pathway of the Communesin Indole Alkaloids
Authors: Lin Hsiao‐Ching , Chiou Grace , Chooi Yit‐Heng , McMahon Travis C. , Xu Wei , Garg Neil K. , Tang Yi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe communesins are a prominent class of indole alkaloids isolated from Penicillium species. Owing to their daunting structural framework and potential as pharmaceuticals, communesins have inspired numerous synthetic studies. However, the genetic and biochemical basis of communesin biosynthesis has remained unexplored. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of the communesin (cns) biosynthetic gene cluster from Penicillium expansum. We confirmed that communesin is biosynthesized by the coupling of tryptamine and aurantioclavine, two building blocks derived from L‐tryptophan. The postmodification steps were mapped by targeted‐gene‐deletion experiments and the structural elucidation of intermediates and new analogues. Our studies set the stage for the biochemical characterization of communesin biosynthesis. This knowledge will aid our understanding of how nature generates remarkable structural complexity from simple precursors.
Preparation of segmented semifluorinated poly(aryl ether)s from aromatic trifluorovinyl ethers and oligo(ethylene glycol)s
Authors: Brown Dakarai K. , Cracowski Jean‐Marc , Iacono Scott T. , Christensen Kenneth , Smith Dennis W. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTA series of new segmented semifluorinated polyaryl ethers (PAEs) containing a biphenyl segmented by semifluorinated oligoethylene (SFE) units were prepared by nucleophilic addition of a commercial oligo(ethylene glycol)s to 4,4′‐bis(4‐trifluorovinyloxy)biphenyl. These new thermoplastics were characterized by 1H and F19 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis displayed number average molecular weights (Mns) from 9000 to 13,000. Thermal properties of the polymers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). DSC chromatograms displayed glass transition temperatures (Tgs) from 11 to 1°C. The onsets of degradations were observed by TGA analysis between 313 to 333°C in air and 326 to 363°C in nitrogen, respectively. A second onset of degradation was observed from 452 to 470°C for all polymers. In addition, crystalline morphologies were studied by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM‐AFM) and showed needle‐like crystallites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41798.
Plasticizing effect of poly(ethylene glycol)s with different molecular weights in poly(lactic acid)/starch blends
Authors: Yu Yunan , Cheng Yan , Ren Jiawei , Cao Erping , Fu Xiaowei , Guo Weihong 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBinary and ternary blends composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), starch, and poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) with different molecular weights (weight‐average molecular weights = 300, 2000, 4000, 6000, and 10, 000 g/mol) were prepared, and the plasticizing effect and miscibility of PEGs in poly(lactic acid)/starch (PTPS) or PLA were intensively studied. The results indicate that the PEGs were effective plasticizers for the PTPS blends. The small‐molecule plasticizers of PEG300 (i.e., the Mw of PEG was 300g/mol) and glycerol presented better plasticizing effects, whereas its migration and limited miscibility resulted in significant decreases in the water resistance and elongation at break. PEG2000, with a moderate molecular weight, was partially miscible in sample PTPS3; this led to better performance in water resistance and mechanical properties. For higher molecular weight PEG, its plasticization for both starch and PLA was depressed, and visible phase separation also occurred, especially for PTPS6. It was also found that the presence of PEG significantly decreased the glass‐transition temperature and accelerated the crystallization of the PLA matrix, depending on the PEG molecular weight and concentration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41808.
Oil‐absorbent polyurethane sponge coated with KH‐570‐modified graphene
Authors: Li Beibei , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhang Xinying , Zou Junchen , Chai Wenbo , Xu Jing 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTPolyurethane (PU) sponge has become a preferred oil adsorbent in recent oil‐spill accidents. To make the sponge superhydrophobic and superoleophilic, this study used graphene (GN), which was modified with γ‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH‐570), to coat the PU sponge (called the KH–GN sponge). This study showed the best loading capacity (11.96%) of the KH‐570‐modified GN on the sponge. The contact angles of the KH–GN PU sponge were 161° for water and 0° for soybean, diesel, and pumping oil. It had good selectivity for oil over water, and the KH–GN sponge achieved adsorption equilibrium within a few seconds. The absorption capability of the KH–GN sponge was up to 39 times greater. Additionally, the KH–GN PU sponge could be reused for oil–water separation for more than 120 cycles without losing its superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties. Therefore, the sponge prepared in this study could be a desirable material for the cleanup of oil spills. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41821.
Effect of graphene loading on thermomechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/starch blend
Authors: Jose Jobin , Al‐Harthi Mamdouh A. , AlMa'adeed Mariam Al‐Ali , Bhadra Dakua Jolly , De Sadhan K. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTPolymer nanocomposites based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/starch blend and graphene were prepared by solution mixing and casting. Glycerol was used as a plasticizer and added in the starch dispersion. The uniform dispersion of graphene in water was achieved by using an Ultrasonicator Probe. The composites were characterized by FTIR, tensile properties, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis, and FE‐SEM studies. FTIR studies indicated probable hydrogen bonding interaction between the oxygen containing groups on graphene surface and the –OH groups in PVA and starch. Mechanical properties results showed that the optimum loading of graphene was 0.5 wt % in the blend. XRD studies indicated uniform dispersion of graphene in PVA/starch matrix upto 0.5 wt % loadings and further increase caused agglomeration. Thermal studies showed that the thermal stability of PVA increased and the crystallinity decreased in the presence of starch and graphene. FE‐SEM studies showed that incorporation of graphene increased the ductility of the composites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41827.
Enhanced mechanical strength and conductivity of PVFM based membrane and its supporting polymer electrolytes
Authors: Pan Xiao‐rong , Lian Fang , He Yi , Peng Yi‐fei , Sun Xiao‐meng , Wen Yan , Guan Hong‐yan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTPolyvinyl formal based polymer electrolyte membranes are prepared via the optimized phase inversion method with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blending. The physical properties of blend membranes and the electrochemical properties of corresponding gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, mechanical strength test, electrolyte uptake test, AC impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge–discharge test. The comparative study shows that the appearance of PEO obviously enhances the tensile strength of membranes and the ionic conductivity of corresponding GPEs. When the weight ratio of PEO is 30%, the tensile strength of membrane achieves 12.81 MPa, and its GPE shows high ionic conductivity of 2.20 × 10−3 S cm−1, wide electrochemical stable window of 1.9–5.7 V (vs. Li/Li+), and good compatibility with LiFePO4 electrode. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41839.
Water‐resistant plant protein‐based nanofiber membranes
Authors: Lubasova Daniela , Mullerova Jana , Netravali Anil N. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTDeveloping green and sustainable alternative materials to replace petroleum based ones is the need of the day. Such green materials are becoming popular because they can be composted once their useful life is over. In the current research, protein‐based nanofibers were fabricated without the use of any toxic cross‐linking agent. Defatted soy flour was purified using an acid‐wash process to obtain material with higher protein content, blended with gluten, and successfully electrospun into nanofibers with the help of polyvinyl alcohol. Oxidation of sucrose with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was carried out to synthesize oxidized sugar‐containing aldehyde (—CHO) groups and used as green cross‐linker. The cross‐linking quality of protein‐based nanofibers modified by oxidized sugar was found to be similar to nanofibers cross‐linked using toxic glyoxal and show good resistance to water. These novel green protein‐based nanofibers can be useful in fabricating inexpensive products with very high specific surface area and highly porous structure. © 2015 The Authors Journal of Applied Polymer Science Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41852.
Covalently bound organomodified clay photoinitiators
Authors: Davidson Barret J. , Gee Samuel J. , Hurst Grayson C. , Rucker Joshua B. , Shouse Jonathan L. , Smith Joshua B. , Cavitt T. Brian 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTWhile organomodified clays are property enhancing additives for composite materials, much of the research thereof has focused on intercalated quaternary ammonium compounds; however, herein the effects of covalently bound organomodified clays (CoBOCs) are explored with particular emphasis on CoBOC photoinitiators. Two commercially available alcoholic photoinitiators (1‐hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐phenylpropanone) were reacted with isophorone diisocyanate to form half‐adducts and then reacted with Cloisite 93A, an organophilic montmorillonite clay, to form two CoBOC photoinitiators. The CoBOC photoinitiators were integrated into a standard formulation and subsequently ultraviolet (UV) cured. Property characterization thereof (e.g., adhesion, hardness, and flexibility) yielded unchanged or increased properties with the exception of impact flexibility. Finally, the CoBOC photoinitiators were kinetically characterized via photo‐differential scanning calorimetry (photo‐DSC) within 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDODA). While increasing concentrations of clay additives generally decrease polymerization rates, increasing concentrations of the CoBOC photoinitiators exhibited increased polymerization rates. Therefore, the CoBOC photoinitiators can enhance the polymerization kinetics and physical properties of UV‐curable coatings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41883.
Synthesis and characterization of maleated rosin‐modified fluorosilicone resin and its fluorosilicone rubber
Authors: Xu Tao , Liu He , Song Jie , Shang Shi‐bin , Song Zhanqian , Zou Kaifei , Yang Chong 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTImide‐containing vinyl fluorosilicone resin (MR‐VFS) was synthesized from maleated rosin (MR). And then, with MR‐VFS as a new polar cross‐linking agent in a heat curable fluorosilicone rubber composition, a series of maleated rosin‐modified fluorosilicone rubbers (MR‐FSR) were obtained. The effects of MR‐VFS on the mechanical properties, oil resistance, thermal stability, and low‐temperature performance were studied in detail. It was found that MR‐VFS could increase the tearing strength and high‐temperature thermal stability of fluorosilicone rubber. When the MR‐VFS weight content reached to 2 wt %, the tearing strength of MR‐FSR increased by 20.1% compared with that of common fluorosilicone rubber. However, MR‐FSR showed a similar low‐temperature resistance and a little worse oil resistance. The morphological study showed that incorporation of maleated rosin could intensify the microphase separation of fluorosilicone rubber. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41888.
Properties and application of polyimide‐based composites by blending surface functionalized boron nitride nanoplates
Authors: Chen Yuanming , Gao Xing , Wang Jinling , He Wei , Silberschmidt Vadim V. , Wang Shouxu , Tao Zhihua , Xu Huan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBall milling was used to decrease the particle size of boron nitride (BN) nanoplates and to form more silylated functionalization of their surface. Such functionalized BN nanoplates enhanced their homogeneous dispersion in polyimide (PI) matrix. Thermal conductivities, thermal stabilities, and dielectric properties were characterized to investigate the particular effects on the performance of PI‐based composites with functionalized BN nanoplates. When the concentration of functionalized BN nanoplates increased to 50 wt %, thermal conductivity of the composite increased up to 1.583 W m−1 K−1, and the temperature of final thermal decomposition was improved to 600°C. An increasing trend was found in the dielectric constant of the composites while the dielectric loss decreased with the increase in the fraction. An appropriate fraction of functionalized BN nanoplates in PI‐based composites were necessary to meet the requirement of withstanding drilling forces for the interconnecting through holes of flexible circuits. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41889.
THE INFLUENCE OF A 21 kDa KUNITZ‐TYPE TRYPSIN INHIBITOR FROM NONHOST MADRAS THORN, Pithecellobium dulce, SEEDS ON H. armigera (HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Pandey Prabhash K. , Singh Dushyant , Jamal Farrukh 
Published: January 2015

A trypsin inhibitor purified from the seeds of the Manila tamarind, Pithecellobium dulce (PDTI), was studied for its effects on growth parameters and developmental stages of Helicoverpa armigera. PDTI exhibited inhibitory activity against bovine trypsin (∼86%; ∼1.33 ug/ml IC50). The inhibitory activity of PDTI was unaltered over a wide range of temperature, pH, and in the presence of dithiothreitol. Larval midgut proteases were unable to digest PDTI for up to 12 h of incubation. Dixon and Lineweaver–Burk double reciprocal plots analysis revealed a competitive inhibition mechanism and a Ki of ∼3.9 × 10−8 M. Lethal dose (0.50% w/w) and dosage for weight reduction by 50% (0.25% w/w) were determined. PDTI showed a dose‐dependent effect on mean larval weight and a series of nutritional disturbances. In artificial diet at 0.25% w/w PDTI, the efficiency of conversion of ingested food, of digested food, relative growth rate, and growth index declined, whereas approximate digestibility, relative consumption rate, metabolic cost, consumption index, and total developmental period were increased in larvae. This is the first report of antifeedant and antimetabolic activities of PDTI on midgut proteases of H. armigera.