bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress, type 2 diabetes and vitamin D: past, present and future
Authors: Nikooyeh Bahareh , Neyestani Tirang R. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryOxidative stress refers to an imbalance between potentially harmful free radicals and the body's mechanisms to efficiently detoxify them in favor of the free radicals. Consequently, excess free radicals can attack and damage a wide range of biomolecules including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Antioxidant mechanisms of the body are under the influence of genetic and environmental (including dietary) factors. Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders around the world. A huge body of evidence indicates a role for oxidative stress in development of many human diseases including diabetes. In this article, the latest information on the possible links of oxidative stress with diabetes development, control and complications as well as the newest results of antioxidant supplementation trials is reviewed. In addition, the possible role of vitamin D, as a newly recognized antioxidant in diabetes is discussed. Finally, concluding remarks on pivotal issues and future studies are presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of parental history of type 2 diabetes with age, lifestyle, anthropometric factors, and clinical severity at type 2 diabetes diagnosis: results from the DD2 study
Authors: Svensson Elisabeth , Berencsi Klara , Sander Simone , Mor Anil , Rungby Jørgen , Nielsen Jens Steen , Friborg Søren , Brandslund Ivan , Christiansen Jens Sandahl , Vaag Allan , Beck‐Nielsen Henning , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Thomsen Reimar Wernich 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated whether parental history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with age, lifestyle, anthropometric factors, and clinical severity at the time of T2D diagnosis.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study based on the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes cohort. We examined the prevalence ratios (PR) of demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and clinical factors according to parental history, using Poisson regression adjusting for age and gender.ResultsOf 2825 T2D patients, 34% (n = 964) had a parental history of T2D. Parental history was associated with younger age at diagnosis [adjusted (a)PR 1.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 2.31) for age <40 years; aPR 1.36 (95% confidence interval: 1.24, 1.48) for ages 40–59 years] and with higher baseline fasting plasma glucose [≥7.5 mmol/L, aPR 1.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.20, 1.80)], and also tended to be associated with lower beta cell function. In contrast, patients both with and without a parental history had similar occurrence of central obesity [91% vs. 91%], weight gain ≥30 kg since age 20 [52% vs. 53%], and lack of regular physical activity [60% vs. 58%]. Presence of diabetes complications or comorbidities at T2D diagnosis was not associated with parental history.ConclusionsThe lack of an association between parental history and adverse lifestyle factors indicates that T2D patients do not inherit a particular propensity for overeating or inactivity, whereas patients with a parental history may have more severe pancreatic beta cell dysfunction at diagnosis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An experimental investigation of the consequences and social functions of fat talk in friendship groups
Authors: Cruwys Tegan , Leverington Carly T. , Sheldon Anne M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveFat talk is a form of self‐degrading, thin‐ideal endorsing communication that occurs within female friendship groups. Previous studies have suggested negative associations with wellbeing, but have been predominantly correlational and based on self‐report. This study aimed to assess the causal relationship between fat talk and the correlates of disordered eating (thin‐ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, negative affect, and dieting intentions) by experimentally manipulating fat talk in existing friendship groups and measuring naturalistic expression of fat talk and its effects.MethodsParticipants were 85 women aged 17–25 who completed the experiment in friendship pairs. They were randomly assigned to a condition in which their friend expressed fat talk, positive body talk, or neutral talk.ResultsThis study found evidence of a causal link between listening to friends fat talk and increased correlates of disordered eating. The negative effects of listening to fat talk were fully mediated by fat talk expression. This study also revealed a social function of fat talk, whereby participants rated their friends more positively when they were perceived to behave consistently with group norms, either pro‐ or anti‐fat talk. Positive body talk showed none of the negative effects of fat talk, and was considered socially acceptable regardless of existing friendship group norms.DiscussionThese findings indicate that fat talk is a mechanism through which the thin ideal is transmitted between individuals. Interventions at the level of the friendship group to challenge norms and communication styles may break the link between societal risk factors and individual risk of eating disorders. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:84–91).
Nanobioinorganic Chemistry: Converging Inorganic Chemistry and Biology at the Nanoscale
Authors: Trindade Tito , Wong Wing‐Tak 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIt has become clear in recent years that the interaction of inorganic nanomaterials with biological systems is of paramount importance for further advancements in important fields, including nanomedicine, nanotoxicology, tissue engineering, biotechnology, environmental science, and bioimaging, among many others. This development reflects not merely new applications of nanoparticles to biological systems but also the emergence of new biotechnologies involving inorganic nanomaterials.
Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon‐Gold Hybrid Nanocomposite for Mercury(II) Ion Electrochemical Determination
Authors: Guan Qing , Xiong Wei , Zhou Lan , Liu Shantang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA facile method was developed for the synthesis of nitrogen‐doped porous carbon‐gold (NPCAu) hybrid nanocomposite. The NPCAu modified gold electrode has been prepared for the electrochemical determination of ultratrace mercury(II) in drinking water through square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Under optimized conditions, the NPCAu modified electrode shows a sensitive detection to Hg(II) ion present in concentrations of 0.001∼1 μM, with a detection limit of 0.35 nM (S/N=3), which was much lower than the guideline values in drinking water given by the World Health Organization.
Forensic performance of Investigator DIPplex indels genotyping kit in native, immigrant, and admixed populations in South Africa
Authors: Hefke Gwynneth , Davison Sean , D'Amato Maria Eugenia 
Published: September 2015

The utilization of binary markers in human individual identification is gaining ground in forensic genetics. We analyzed the polymorphisms from the first commercial indel kit Investigator DIPplex (Qiagen) in 512 individuals from Afrikaner, Indian, admixed Cape Colored, and the native Bantu Xhosa and Zulu origin in South Africa and evaluated forensic and population genetics parameters for their forensic application in South Africa.The levels of genetic diversity in population and forensic parameters in South Africa are similar to other published data, with lower diversity values for the native Bantu. Departures from Hardy–Weinberg expectations were observed in HLD97 in Indians, Admixed and Bantus, along with 6.83% null homozygotes in the Bantu populations. Sequencing of the flanking regions showed a previously reported transition G>A in rs17245568.Strong population structure was detected with Fst, AMOVA, and the Bayesian unsupervised clustering method in STRUCTURE. Therefore we evaluated the efficiency of individual assignments to population groups using the ancestral membership proportions from STRUCTURE and the Bayesian classification algorithm in Snipper App Suite. Both methods showed low cross‐assignment error (0–4%) between Bantus and either Afrikaners or Indians. The differentiation between populations seems to be driven by four loci under positive selection pressure. Based on these results, we draw recommendations for the application of this kit in SA.
Resolving the Manganese Oxidation States in the Oxygen‐evolving Catalyst of Natural Photosynthesis
Authors: Krewald Vera , Neese Frank , Pantazis Dimitrios A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA frequent challenge when dealing with multinuclear transition metal clusters in biology is to determine the absolute oxidation states of the individual metal ions and to identify how they evolve during catalytic turnover. The oxygen‐evolving complex of biological photosynthesis, an active site that harbors an oxo‐bridged Mn4Ca cluster as the water‐oxidizing species, offers a prime example of such a challenge that withstood satisfactory resolution for decades. A multitude of experimental studies have approached this question and have offered insights from different angles, but they were also accompanied by incomplete or inconclusive interpretations. Only very recently, through a combination of experiment and theory, has a definitive assignment of the individual Mn oxidation states been achieved for all observable catalytic states of the complex. Here we review the information obtained by structural and spectroscopic methods, describe the interpretation and synthesis achieved through quantum chemistry, and summarize our current understanding of the electronic structure of nature’s water splitting catalyst.
Natural Quorum Sensing Inhibitors – Small Molecules, Big Messages
Authors: Delago Antonia , Mandabi Aviad , Meijler Michael M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDue to the increasing emergence of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains within the past few decades, bacterial infections in general – and hospital‐borne infections, in particular – have become increasingly difficult to fight. It is therefore crucial to find new strategies to fight pathogenic bacteria. Targeted inhibition of quorum sensing (QS) presents a promising alternative. QS is a cell density‐dependent signaling pathway used for intra‐ and interspecies coordination of gene expression. In many bacteria, pathogenic phenotypes, as well as the expression of virulence factors, are under the control of QS regulons. A closer look at natural quorum sensing inhibitors may be helpful to identify potent compounds that can be used as alternatives to antibiotics. Moreover, it will also provide insight into the interactions between species that compete for the same habitat and resources. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge concerning natural QS inhibitors, as a starting point for the design and synthesis of new therapeutics to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
Spatial coherence of extreme precipitation events in the Northwestern United States
Authors: Parker Lauren E. , Abatzoglou John T. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe complexity of impacts resulting from extreme precipitation events varies with the spatial extent of precipitation extremes. Characteristics of precipitation extremes, defined by the top 5% of 3‐day accumulated precipitation, including their spatial coherence and relationships to two contrasting synoptic phenomena, were examined at stations across the Northwestern United States. The spatial coherence of precipitation extremes generally decayed with distance between stations. However, distinct geographic variability in region‐wide coherence of precipitation extremes was present with overall higher coherence west of the Cascades, and lower coherence in the lee of the Cascades and Northern Rocky Mountains. Illustrative patterns of coherence were also seen with respect to atmospheric circulation regimes; atmospheric rivers favoured broadly coherent extremes occurring primarily west of the Cascades during fall and winter, while closed lows favoured more isolated precipitation extremes in the lee of the Northern Rocky Mountains and Cascades, occurring primarily during spring. Geographic variability in spatial coherence, direction of maximum coherence and seasonality of extremes suggest that extreme precipitation events result from the interaction of atmospheric circulation and complex topography.
Arabian Sea SST evolution during spring to summer transition period and the associated processes in coupled climate models
Authors: Sayantani Ojha , Gnanaseelan Chellappan , Chowdary Jasti S. , Parekh Anant , Rahul Sivan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTMany climate models have problems in simulating the sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). The Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, in general, underestimate SST over the entire TIO region. This study examines the SST evolution during spring to summer transition months (May and June) over the Arabian Sea (AS) region in the historical simulations of 13 CMIP5 models and the Climate Forecasting System coupled models CFSv1 and CFSv2. The annual cycle of SST shows that the summer monsoon cooling is not adequately captured by many models. Based on the state of June SST tendency, models have been divided in to three groups, the first group (G1) consists of models having stronger than observed cooling, second group (G2) considers models having closer to observed cooling and the third group (G3) includes models having lesser than observed cooling. Mixed layer heat budget analysis revealed that atmospheric flux is mainly responsible for unrealistic SST warming in most of the G3 models during June. The vertical mixing and horizontal advection contribute considerably to the SST cooling in summer (June) especially for G1 and G2 models. On the other hand, spring warming in all the models is consistently forced by the surface heat flux. It is also found that the monsoon low‐level jet (LLJ) is not accurately represented in most of the models. The misrepresentation of LLJ causes bias in the oceanic processes leading to unrealistic SST evolution in many models. One way of LLJ affecting the oceanic processes is by modulating mixed layer depth (MLD). It is observed in general that the models with deeper MLD display strong SST cooling. The model deficiency in representing AS SST is speculated to be a major limiting factor in capturing the monsoon rainfall in the current coupled models. The proper simulation of AS SST is therefore very crucial for the accurate representation of Indian summer monsoon precipitation.
Multiple injections of leukoreduced platelet rich plasma reduce pain and functional impairment in a canine model of ACL and meniscal deficiency
Authors: Cook James L. , Smith Patrick A. , Bozynski Chantelle C. , Kuroki Keiichi , Cook Cristi R. , Stoker Aaron M. , Pfeiffer Ferris M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPlatelet rich plasma (PRP) is used to treat many musculoskeletal disorders. We used a canine model to determine the effects of multiple intra‐articular injections of leukoreduced PRP (ACP) on anterior cruciate ligament healing, meniscal healing, and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). With Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC) approval, 12 dogs underwent partial ACL transection and meniscal release in one knee. At weeks 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8 after insult, dogs were treated with intra‐articular injections (2 ml) of either ACP (n = 6) or saline (n = 6). Dogs were assessed over 6 months to determine comfortable range of motion (CROM), lameness, pain, effusion, kinetics, and radiographic and arthroscopic assessments. At 6‐month endpoint, dogs were assessed for ACL material properties and histopathology. Saline‐treated dogs had significantly (p < 0.04) more CROM loss, significantly (p < 0.01) more pain, significantly (p < 0.05) more severe lameness, significantly (p < 0.05) lower function, and significantly (p < 0.05) lower %Total Pressure Index in affected hindlimbs compared to ACP‐treated dogs. Radiographic OA increased significantly (p < 0.01) over time within each group. Arthroscopically, saline‐treated knees showed moderate to severe synovitis, further ACL disruption, and medial compartment cartilage loss, and ACP‐treated knees showed evidence of ACL repair and less severe synovitis. ACL material properties in ACP‐treated knees were closer to normal than in saline‐treated knees, however, the differences were not statistically significant. ACL histopathology was significantly (p< 0.05) less severe in ACP‐treated knees compared to saline‐treated knees. Five intra‐articular injections of leukoreduced PRP had beneficial effects for ACL healing, improved range of motion, decreased pain, and improved limb function for up to 6 months in this model. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:607–615, 2016.
Comparison of ASCs and BMSCs combined with atelocollagen for vocal fold scar regeneration
Authors: Hiwatashi Nao , Hirano Shigeru , Suzuki Ryo , Kawai Yoshitaka , Mizuta Masanobu , Kishimoto Yo , Tateya Ichiro , Kanemaru Shin‐ichi , Nakamura Tatsuo , Dezawa Mari , Ito Juichi 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold scar remains a therapeutic challenge. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising tools for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, few in vivo studies have directly compared various sources of MSCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of adipose‐derived stromal cells (ASCs) in comparison with bone marrow–derived stromal cells (BMSCs) for vocal fold regeneration.Study DesignProspective animal experiments with controls.MethodsTwo months after stripping of the lamina propria, 18 beagles were divided into four implantation groups: atelocollagen alone (collagen group), atelocollagen with BMSCs (BMSC‐collagen), atelocollagen with ASCs (ASC‐collagen), or a sham‐treated group. One or 6 months after implantation, vibratory and histological examinations were performed.ResultsMucosal vibration was significantly improved in both of the MSC‐implanted groups compared with the sham‐treated group, whereas only the ASC‐collagen group showed a significantly smaller glottal gap than the collagen group. Moreover, in the ASC‐collagen group, a significant reduction of collagen density was observed compared to the sham‐treated group, and there was a trend for better restoration of hyaluronic acid (HA). Implanted MSCs were detected 1 month postimplantation; however, none survived 6 months postimplantation.ConclusionsAlthough implantation of an atelocollagen sponge and ASCs into vocal fold scars induced vibratory recovery comparable to that of BMSCs, ASCs might have more potential in terms of restoration of HA and suppression of excessive collagen deposition.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:1143–1150, 2016
Terminology and Nomenclature: A Prerequisite or Nuisance for Polymer Science Education?
Authors: Hiorns Roger C. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis paper gives personal observations on the current gulf between the use of polymer terminology and nomenclature in education and literature and the recommendations of the IUPAC Subcommittee on Polymer Terminology (SPT). SPT activities facilitating access to definitions and rules are highlighted.
Polymer Education of Public Universities in Malaysia
Authors: Chan Chin Han , Ho Chee‐Chong 
Published: September 2015

SummaryGrowth of the Malaysian economy was roughly 6% with an inflation rate of 3.0% and unemployment rate of 2.9% in 2014. The country enjoyed favorable economic growth in recent years. Concurrently, the employment situation of the Malaysian local graduates (skilled personnel) is often heard and discussed. Prime concerns on the employment issues are: (i) Are the graduates equipped with the necessary skills for the job market which is increasingly getting more sophisticated and digitized? (ii) Is their curriculum and training keeping abreast with the demand of the knowledge‐based economy of the global market? (iii) Will they be able to compete in an increasingly technology savvy economy? The Malaysian Rubber Product Companies comprising the production sector, the latex industry (paints and coatings, adhesives, sealants, latex dipped‐goods: rubber gloves, balloons), rubber product manufacturers and plastics converters are the major employers of polymer graduates in Malaysia. We report here the current scenario of polymer education in public universities in Malaysia in meeting up the human resource requirement of the country.
Multiple Resting‐State Networks Are Associated With Tremors and Cognitive Features in Essential Tremor
Authors: Fang Weidong , Chen Huiyue , Wang Hansheng , Zhang Han , Liu Mengqi , Puneet Munankami , Lv Fajin , Cheng Oumei , Wang Xuefeng , Lu Xiurong , Luo Tianyou 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe heterogeneous clinical features of essential tremor indicate that the dysfunctions of this syndrome are not confined to motor networks, but extend to nonmotor networks. Currently, these neural network dysfunctions in essential tremor remain unclear. In this study, independent component analysis of resting‐state functional MRI was used to study these neural network mechanisms.MethodsThirty‐five essential tremor patients and 35 matched healthy controls with clinical and neuropsychological tests were included, and eight resting‐state networks were identified. After considering the structure and head‐motion factors and testing the reliability of the selected resting‐state networks, we assessed the functional connectivity changes within or between resting‐state networks. Finally, image‐behavior correlation analysis was performed.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, essential tremor patients displayed increased functional connectivity in the sensorimotor and salience networks and decreased functional connectivity in the cerebellum network. Additionally, increased functional network connectivity was observed between anterior and posterior default mode networks, and a decreased functional network connectivity was noted between the cerebellum network and the sensorimotor and posterior default mode networks. Importantly, the functional connectivity changes within and between these resting‐state networks were correlated with the tremor severity and total cognitive scores of essential tremor patients.ConclusionsThe findings of this study provide the first evidence that functional connectivity changes within and between multiple resting‐state networks are associated with tremors and cognitive features of essential tremor, and this work demonstrates a potential approach for identifying the underlying neural network mechanisms of this syndrome. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Microwave‐based sensors
Authors: Abraham Rebecca , Kiran K. Usha 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTA microwave‐based sensor for detection of cracks is proposed. Two types of resonators are designed and analyzed. The first resonator is a ring resonator with stubs attached to the rings. It resonates at a frequency of 2.3 GHz with an insertion loss of −38.51 dB and a return loss of −3.25 dB. The second resonator consists of a transmission line with a coupling in between as the waveguide. A complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is used instead of conventional ground plane. It resonates at 4.1 GHz with an insertion loss of −26.92 dB and a return loss of −0.85 dB which is in good agreement. The two resonators were tested for cracks on surface of substrate. In the presence of cracks on the substrate, the resonators show a shift in its characteristics indicating misalignment of surfaces. A crack of 1 mm is detected for resonator using CSRR. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2745–2750, 2015