bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MOLES3: Implementing an ISO standards driven data catalogue
Authors: Parton Graham A , Donegan Steven , Pascoe Stephen , Stephens Ag , Ventouras Spiros , Lawrence Bryan N 
Published: May 2015

ISO19156 Observations and Measurements (O&M) provides a standardised framework for organising information about the collection of information about the environment.Â Here we describe the implementation of a specialisation of O&M for environmental data, the Metadata Objects for Linking Environmental Sciences (MOLES3).MOLES3 provides support for organising information about data, and for user navigation around data holdings. The implementation described here, â€œCEDA-MOLESâ€, also supports data management functions for the Centre for Environmental Data Archival, CEDA. The previous iteration of MOLES (MOLES2) saw active use over five years, being replaced by CEDA-MOLES in late 2014. During that period important lessons were learnt both about the information needed, as well as how to design and maintain the necessary information systems. In this paper we review the problems encountered in MOLES2; how and why CEDA-MOLES was developed and engineered; the migration of information holdings from MOLES2 to CEDA-MOLES; and, finally, provide an early assessment of MOLES3 (as implemented in CEDA-MOLES) and its limitations.Key drivers for the MOLES3 development included the necessity for improved data provenance, for further structured information to support ISO19115 discovery metadataÂ export (for EU INSPIRE compliance), and to provide appropriate fixed landing pages for Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) in the presence of evolving datasets. Key lessons learned included the importance of minimising information structure in free text fields, and the necessity to support as much agility in the information infrastructure as possible without compromising on maintainability both by those using the systems internally and externally (e.g. citing in to the information infrastructure), and those responsible for the systems themselves. The migration itself needed to ensure continuity of service and traceability of archived assets.
Full-physics 3-D heterogeneous simulations of electromagnetic induction fields on level and deformed sea ice
Authors: Samluk Jesse P. , Geiger Cathleen A. , Weiss Chester J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper we explore simulated responses of electromagnetic (EM) signals relative to in situ field surveys and quantify the effects that different values of conductivity in sea ice have on the EM fields. We compute EM responses of ice types with a three-dimensional (3-D) finite-volume discretization of Maxwell’s equations and present 2-D sliced visualizations of their associated EM fields at discrete frequencies. Several interesting observations result: First, since the simulator computes the fields everywhere, each gridcell acts as a receiver within the model volume, and captures the complete, coupled interactions between air, snow, sea ice and sea water as a function of their conductivity; second, visualizations demonstrate how 1-D approximations near deformed ice features are violated. But the most important new finding is that changes in conductivity affect EM field response by modifying the magnitude and spatial patterns (i.e. footprint size and shape) of current density and magnetic fields. These effects are demonstrated through a visual feature we define as ‘null lines’. Null line shape is affected by changes in conductivity near material boundaries as well as transmitter location. Our results encourage the use of null lines as a planning tool for better ground-truth field measurements near deformed ice types.
De l’art de gérer ses investisseurs financiers, l’aventure de La Buvette
Authors: Bousquet Jean-Philippe 
Published: May 2015

La société La Buvette conçoit des abreuvoirs pour les élevages intensifs, détient 60 % du marché français et réalise sa croissance à l’international. La transmission de l’entreprise s’est faite par des LBO successifs, d’une façon qui en fait un cas d’école.
La fréquence en morphologie : pour quels usages ?
Authors: Dal Georgette , Namer Fiammetta 
Published: May 2015

Cet article a pour objectif de faire le point sur la notion de fréquence et sur l’utilisation encore timide qui en est faite en France dans les recherches actuelles en morphologie. Nous commençons par distinguer et définir trois types de fréquence : fréquence d’occurrence, fréquence de lexème et fréquence constructionnelle, que nous mettons en rapport avec la notion de productivité . À titre d’illustration, nous exploitons ensuite ces notions pour comparer, dans frWaC, le comportement des nominalisations en Xisation et Xabilité en français.
Le statut de la fréquence dans les grammaires de constructions : simple comme bonjour ?
Authors: Desagulier Guillaume 
Published: May 2015

Cet article fait le point sur le statut de la fréquence dans les grammaires de constructions sous l’angle de l’ancrage cognitif et des collocations. Je montre que le traitement intuitif des phénomènes de fréquences au détriment de l’empirie mène souvent à une vision faussée de l’usage. L’article est structuré comme suit. La première partie est épistémologique. J’y aborde le statut de la fréquence dans le contexte du tournant quantitatif dans les approches centrées sur l’usage. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l’étude de A as GN dans un corpus d’anglais américain. J’utilise trois outils : l’analyse collexémique covariante, la classification ascendante hiérarchique et ΔP, une mesure d’association permettant de repérer les collocations asymétriques. La troisième partie propose une discussion critique des résultats et des méthodes.
Marqueurs intonosyntaxiques en français parlé et genres : compter pourquoi, compter quoi, compter comment ?
Authors: Beliao Julie , Lacheret Anne , Kahane Sylvain 
Published: May 2015

Nous montrons comment la fréquence variable de traits prosodiques, syntaxiques et intonosyntaxiques constitue un indice pour caractériser des types de textes à l’oral et les genres qui les engendrent. Parmi l’ensemble des traits formels explorés, on s’interroge sur la manière dont ils se répartissent en termes de redondance de l’information, de complémentarité ou de pertinence pour l’étude des variables situationnelles considérées. Lors de notre étude quantitative, nous confrontons deux méthodes de classification supervisée : arbres de décision et machine à vecteurs supports, et nous abordons le problème de la représentation graphique des traits grâce à l’analyse en composantes principales. L’ensemble donne un retour précis et inédit sur le rôle de l’interface intonosyntaxique dans l’identification des genres en français parlé.
Involvement of the HCK and FGR src-Family Kinases in FCRL4-Mediated Immune Regulation
Authors: Liu Yanling , Bezverbnaya Ksenia , Zhao Tiantian , Parsons Marion J. , Shi Mengyao , Treanor Bebhinn , Ehrhardt Götz R. A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
FCRL4 is an immunoregulatory receptor expressed by a subpopulation of memory B cells. These tissue-based cells express increased levels of the src-family kinases HCK and FGR. In this study, we investigate the roles of these src-family kinases in FCRL4-mediated immunoregulation of B cells in the context of previously unrecognized palmitoylation of the receptor. We observed enhanced phosphorylation of FCRL4 on tyrosine residues in the presence of the HCK p59 or FGR. This phosphorylation was markedly reduced in assays using a palmitoylation-defective mutant of FCRL4. In reporter gene studies, we observe that FCRL4 expression enhances CpG-mediated activation of NF-κB signaling. Surprisingly, using a reporter gene linked to activation of the MAPK substrate Elk-1 in response to Ag receptor ligation, we find that FCRL4 has inhibitory activity in cells coexpressing FGR but an activating function in cells coexpressing HCK p59. We provide evidence that in primary memory B cells, expression of FCRL4 leads to increased expression of IL-10 in the presence of FGR or HCK p59 in response to CpG, but increased levels of IFN-γ only in the context of coexpression of FGR. Our study supports the specific requirement of HCK p59 and FGR src-family kinases for FCRL4-mediated immunomodulatory activity and indicates that palmitoylation serves as an additional level of regulatory control of FCRL4.
Thymic Low Affinity/Avidity Interaction Selects Natural Th1 Cells
Authors: Kang Byung Hyun , Park Hyo Jin , Yum Hye In , Park Seung Pyo , Park Jin Kyun , Kang Eun Ha , Lee Jae-Il , Lee Eun Bong , Park Chung-Gyu , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Park Seong Hoe 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Identification of intrathymic eomesodermin+ (Eomes+) CD4 T cells creates a novel idea that there is more than one way for the generation of innate CD4 T cells. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein+ T cells and natural Th17 cells are known to be generated by sensing a high and persistent TCR strength, whereas this is not the case for Eomes+ CD4 T cells. These cells go through low-level signal during the entire maturation pathway, which subsequently leads to induction of high susceptibility to cytokine IL-4. This event seems to be a major determinant for the generation of this type of cell. These T cells are functionally equivalent to Th1 cells that are present in the periphery, and this event takes place both in transgenic and in wild-type mice. There is additional evidence that this type of Eomes+ innate CD4 T cell is also present in human cord blood.
Poly(inosinic-cytidylic) Acid–Triggered Exacerbation of Experimental Asthma Depends on IL-17A Produced by NK Cells
Authors: Lunding Lars P. , Webering Sina , Vock Christina , Behrends Jochen , Wagner Christina , Hölscher Christoph , Fehrenbach Heinz , Wegmann Michael 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Viral infection of the respiratory tract represents the major cause of acute asthma exacerbations. dsRNA is produced as an intermediate during replication of respiratory viruses and triggers immune responses via TLR3. This study aimed at clarifying the mechanisms underlying TLR3 triggered exacerbation of experimental allergic asthma. The TLR3 ligand poly(inosinic-cytidylic) acid was applied intranasally to mice with already established experimental allergic asthma. Airway inflammation, cytokine expression, mucus production, and airway reactivity was assessed in wild-type, IL-17A, or IL-23p19–deficient, and in NK cell–depleted mice. Local application of poly(inosinic-cytidylic) acid exacerbated experimental allergic asthma in mice as characterized by enhanced release of proinflammatory cytokines, aggravated airway inflammation, and increased mucus production together with pronounced airway hyperresponsiveness. This was further associated with augmented production of IL-17 by Th17 cells and NK cells. Whereas experimental exacerbation could be induced in IL-23p19–deficient mice lacking mature, proinflammatory Th17 cells, this was not possible in mice lacking IL-17A or in NK cell–depleted animals. These experiments indicate a central role for IL-17 derived from NK cells but not from Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of virus-triggered exacerbation of experimental asthma.
Genetic Vaccines To Potentiate the Effective CD103+ Dendritic Cell–Mediated Cross-Priming of Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Zhang Yi , Chen Guo , Liu Zuqiang , Tian Shenghe , Zhang Jiying , Carey Cara D. , Murphy Kenneth M. , Storkus Walter J. , Falo Louis D. , You Zhaoyang 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The development of effective cancer vaccines remains an urgent, but as yet unmet, clinical need. This deficiency is in part due to an incomplete understanding of how to best invoke dendritic cells (DC) that are crucial for the induction of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells capable of mediating durable protective immunity. In this regard, elevated expression of the transcription factor X box–binding protein 1 (XBP1) in DC appears to play a decisive role in promoting the ability of DC to cross-present Ags to CD8+ T cells in the therapeutic setting. Delivery of DNA vaccines encoding XBP1 and tumor Ag to skin DC resulted in increased IFN-α production by plasmacytoid DC (pDC) from skin/tumor draining lymph nodes and the cross-priming of Ag-specific CD8+ T cell responses associated with therapeutic benefit. Antitumor protection was dependent on cross-presenting Batf3+ DC, pDC, and CD8+ T cells. CD103+ DC from the skin/tumor draining lymph nodes of the immunized mice appeared responsible for activation of Ag-specific naive CD8+ T cells, but were dependent on pDC for optimal effectiveness. Similarly, human XBP1 improved the capacity of human blood- and skin-derived DC to activate human T cells. These data support an important intrinsic role for XBP1 in DC for effective cross-priming and orchestration of Batf3+ DC–pDC interactions, thereby enabling effective vaccine induction of protective antitumor immunity.
Overview of Performance Management System with reference to Higher Education in Bahrain
Authors: Ali Mahmood Asad , Mahfod Joma 
Published: May 2015

This paper focus on the nature, technics and the practice of performance management system applied in the higher education in Bahrain. Therefore, the chapter covers essential area related such as performance appraisal, promotion, rewards, and specifically: vision, mission, value and strategy; organization; employees’ talent management, leadership development; employee relations; staffing; education, learning and development; and performance management. The scope of this paper is to cover the applications of the performance management system in the Higher Education in Bahrain. The paper demonstrates the main obstacles and provide suggestion for solving the difficulties for the performance management system in higher education in Bahrain.
Mikroskopijne grzyby pasożytnicze w zbiorowiskach roślinnych Wyżyny Częstochowskiej [Phytoparasitic micromycetes in plant communities of the Wyżyna Częstochowska Upland]
Authors: Ruszkiewicz-Michalska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2015

Mycosociological studies on microfungi parasitising vascular plants were carried out on 21 permanent observation plots in 5 phytocoenoses representing beech forests (<em>Luzulo pilosae-Fagetum</em>, <em>Melico-Fagetum</em>, <em>Dentario enneaphyllidis-Fagetum</em>, <em>Carici-Fagetum</em>) and xerothermic grassland (<em>Origano-Brachypodietum pinnati</em>) as well as using route method in other plant communities. The frequency of host plants and fungi occurring on permanent plots was estimated using 5-degree scale. The observations yielded in 478 fungal species belonging to <em>Peronosporales </em>(<em>Oomycota</em>), <em>Dothideales</em>, <em>Erysiphales</em>, <em>Helotiales</em>, <em>Hypocreales</em>, <em>Mycosphaerellales</em>, <em>Phyllachorales</em>, <em>Pleosporales</em>, <em>Xylariales </em>(<em>Ascomycota</em>), <em>Uredinales</em>, <em>Microbotryales</em>, <em>Urocystales </em>(<em>Basidiomycota</em>) and <em>Hyphomycetes </em>and <em>Coelomycetes </em>(anamorphic fungi), which were hosted by 301 species of vascular plants as well as by 19 taxa of <em>Erysiphales </em>and <em>Uredinales</em>. The predominanting group was anamorphic fungi (65% of species), especially members of <em>Sphaeropsidales </em>(39%). This group was however less dispersed on the study area than <em>Uredinales </em>and <em>Erysiphales</em>, which were represented by relatively small number of species. The results provided data on diversi- fied occurrence of fungi depending on abiotic (humidity, temperature, insolation) and biotic factors (e.g. density of host plant population) provided by plant communities. The differences concern species composition and richness of fungi, their distribution as well as frequency of hosts and parasites. In the case of members of <em>Erysiphales</em>, <em>Moniliales </em>and <em>Peronosporales </em>differences in phenology were also noted. The greatest species richness and distribution of the micromycetes was observed in <em>Origano-Brachypodietum </em>and the poorest were plots of <em>Luzulo pilosae-Fagetum</em>. Most frequently the parasites infected small percentage of the individuals in the population of the hosts (about 1%), which occurred with the lowest coverage (below 10%). This type of relationship between frequency of fungi and density of plants dominated in all of the studied phytocenoses. Sixty two species of fungi observed on Wyżyna Częstochowska Upland are new for Polish biota. They belong to anamorphic fungi, mainly to <em>Phyllosticta </em>(32 species) and <em>Ascochyta </em>(15).
Morfolitologinių anomalijų Kuršių nerijos jūros krante nustatymas
Authors: Jarmalavičius Darius , Pupienis Donatas , Žilinskas Gintautas , Fedorovič Julija 
Published: May 2015

Kuršių nerijos formavimasis pasižymi nepertraukiama morfolitologinių rodiklių kaita išilgai jūros kranto. Tačiau tam tikrose vietose ši tolydumo sąlyga erdvėje sutrinka. Šiose vietose pastebimas stiprus morfolitologinių rodiklių reikšmių nukrypimas nuo tolydžios kaitos, sąlygotas paleogeografinių, geologinių, hidrodinaminių, meteorologinių bei antropogeninių veiksnių. Remiantis smėlio dalelių dydžio bei paplūdimio ir kopagūbrio morfometrinių rodiklių kaita, išilgai Kuršių nerijos jūros kranto buvo išskirti kranto ruožai, kuriuose nagrinėjami rodikliai „iškrinta“ iš tolygiai kintančios rodiklių eilės. Nustatyti du ruožai, turintys specifinį rodiklių kompleksą, nesisiejantį su gretimais kranto ruožais: pirmas – Kopgalio ruožas, kurio formavimuisi betarpiškos įtakos turėjo Klaipėdos uosto pietinis molas, ir antras – Juodkrantės ruožas, kurio formavimąsi galėjo lemti visas kompleksas veiksnių: tiek paleogeografinių, tiek hidrodinaminių, tiek ir kitų. Tačiau dėl duomenų stokos tiksli jo genezė nėra nustatyta. Išskirti ruožai yra santykinai stabilūs laiko atžvilgiu ir jų savybės praktiškai nepakito per pastaruosius 20 metų. Nustatyti dėsningumai parodė, kad morfolitologinių rodiklių ekstremalios vertės gali būti laikomos indikatoriais, parodančiais staigų atskiros geosistemos dalies dinamikos pokytį keičiantis hidrometeorologinėms ar antropogeninėms sąlygoms.
Stipraus štormo „Feliksas“ padariniai Lietuvos jūriniame krante
Authors: Jarmalavičius Darius , Žilinskas Gintautas , Pupienis Donatas 
Published: May 2015

Ryškiausi kranto morfologijos pokyčiai fiksuojami prasiautus stipriems štormams bei uraganams, kai per trumpą laiką (keletą ar keliolika valandų) iš kranto išplaunami dideli smėlio kiekiai, paplūdimiai tampa siauri ir lėkšti, kopagūbrio jūriniame šlaite susiformuoja skardžiai. 2015 m. sausio 11 d. siautėjęs stiprus štormas „Feliksas“, nors savo galingumu neprilygo didžiausiems XX a. uraganams, tačiau padaryti nuostoliai kai kuriems Lietuvos jūrinio kranto ruožams buvo reikšmingi. Remiantis natūrinių tyrimų duomenimis, įvertinti išplauto iš paplūdimio ir kopagūbrio bei viso kranto sąnašų kiekiai, nustatytos labiausiai pažeistos ir geriausiai stipraus štormo poveikį atlaikiusios kranto atkarpos. Per stiprų štormą „Feliksas“ Lietuvos jūrinis krantas prarado apie 0,76 mln. m<sup>3</sup> sąnašų: 0,39 mln. m<sup>3</sup> iš žemyno kranto ir 0,37 m<sup>3</sup> mln. iš Kuršių nerijos kranto. Didžiąją nuoplovos dalį (631 000 m<sup>3</sup>, arba net 80 %) sudarė paplūdimio sąnašos, o kopagūbris nukentėjo sąlyginai nedaug (127 000 m<sup>3</sup>; arba tik 20 %).
Deductive interpretations of the results of geographical and aetiological studies of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Veteikis Darijus 
Published: May 2015

The article attempts to contribute to the whole momentum of finding the cause of type 1 diabetes (T1D), exhibiting the global growth in the incidence of 3% per year, but more intense in developing economies of Europe. As there is still no conclusion about the real cause of T1D, although a number of environmental factors in a focus, a hypothesis was raised that the possible main trigger is still not identified. The main method applied was screening of the scientific publications presenting geographical, epidemiological and etiological studies of T1D. The geographical, migrant, etiological and other facts suggesting a direct implication (deduced assumption) about the features of the top trigger of T1D were collected, discussed and used for deduction of assumptions, organized in a hierarchical order. The final assumption was drawn indicating the discussable candidate for the top trigger of T1D as a synthetic medicine administrated in times of viral infections with increasing popularity among the youngest population.
The fluorescence and infrared absorption probe para‐cyanophenylalanine: Effect of labeling on the behavior of different membrane‐interacting peptides
Authors: Bobone Sara , De Zotti Marta , Bortolotti Annalisa , Biondi Barbara , Ballano Gema , Palleschi Antonio , Toniolo Claudio , Formaggio Fernando , Stella Lorenzo 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTTotal syntheses and complete characterizations of singly substituted PheCN‐based analogs of alamethicin AlaP, which is active on model and natural membranes, and the TM peptide, which inserts in a transmembrane orientation in lipid bilayers, are reported. The syntheses of the AlaP analogs were performed in solution, while those of TM and its analogs were carried out by solid phase. Using the cyanophenyl fluorescence and infrared (IR) absorption probe, an in‐depth investigation of the self‐association, membrane‐interacting, permeabilizing, and orientation properties of these peptides were conducted. The aromatic residue incorporated induces only a negligible modification to the properties of the parent peptides. The PheCN IR absorption band was located between 2228 and 2230 cm−1 for all peptides, irrespective of the position of labeling. By contrast, as the width of this band varied significantly with the depth of probe insertion in the bilayer, it could represent a good marker of the PheCN position in phospholipid membranes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 521–532, 2015.
Surgical treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumour of the rectum in the era of imatinib
Authors: Wilkinson M J , Fitzgerald J E F , Strauss D C , Hayes A J , Thomas J M , Messiou C , Fisher C , Benson C , Tekkis P P , Judson I 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) of the rectum often require radical surgery to achieve complete resection. This study investigated the management and outcome of surgery for rectal GISTs and the role of imatinib.MethodsA cohort study was undertaken of patients identified from a database at one tertiary sarcoma referral centre over a continuous period, from January 2001 to January 2013.ResultsOver 12 years, 19 patients presented with a primary rectal GIST. Median age was 57 (range 30–77) years. Neoadjuvant imatinib was used in 15 patients, significantly reducing mean tumour size from 7·6 (95 per cent c.i. 6·1 to 9·0) to 4·1 (2·8 to 5·3) cm (P &lt; 0·001). Nine of these patients underwent surgical resection. Imatinib therapy enabled sphincter-preserving surgery to be undertaken in seven patients who would otherwise have required abdominoperineal resection or pelvic exenteration for tumour clearance. Neoadjuvant imatinib treatment also led to a significant reduction in mean(s.d.) tumour mitotic count from 16(16) to 4(9) per 50 high-power fields (P = 0·015). Imatinib was used only as adjuvant treatment in two patients. There were three deaths, all from unrelated causes. Eleven of the 13 patients who underwent resection were alive without evidence of recurrence at latest follow-up, with a median disease-free survival of 38 (range 20–129) months and overall survival of 62 (39–162) months.ConclusionThe use of neoadjuvant imatinib for rectal GISTs significantly decreased both tumour size and mitotic activity, which permitted less radical sphincter-preserving surgery.