bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Telling my husband I have HIV is too heavy to come out of my mouth”: pregnant women's disclosure experiences and support needs following antenatal HIV testing in eastern Uganda
Authors: Rujumba Joseph , Neema Stella , Byamugisha Robert , Tylleskär Thorkild , Tumwine James K , Heggenhougen Harald K 
Published: August 2012

IntroductionDisclosure of HIV serostatus by women to their sexual partners is critical for the success of the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme as an integrated service in antenatal care. We explored pregnant HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women's partner disclosure experiences and support needs in eastern Uganda.MethodsThis was a qualitative study conducted at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital in eastern Uganda between January and May 2010. Data collection was through in‐depth interviews with 15 HIV‐positive and 15 HIV‐negative pregnant women attending a follow up antenatal clinic (ANC) at Mbale Hospital, and six key informant interviews with health workers at the clinic. Data management was done using NVivo version 9, and a content thematic approach was used for analysis.ResultsAll HIV‐negative women had disclosed their HIV status to their sexual partners but expressed need for support to convince their partners to also undergo HIV testing. Women reported that their partners often assumed that they were equally HIV‐negative and generally perceived HIV testing in the ANC as a preserve for women. Most of the HIV‐positive women had not disclosed their HIV status to sexual partners for fear of abandonment, violence and accusation of bringing HIV infection into the family. Most HIV‐positive women deferred disclosure and requested health workers’ support in disclosure. Those who disclosed their positive status generally experienced positive responses from their partners.ConclusionsWithin the context of routine HIV testing as part of the PMTCT programme, most women who test HIV‐positive find disclosure of their status to partners extremely difficult. Their fear of disclosure was influenced by the intersection of gender norms, economic dependency, women's roles as mothers and young age. Pregnant HIV‐negative women and their unborn babies remained at risk of HIV infection owing to the resistance of their partners to go for HIV testing. These findings depict a glaring need to strengthen support for both HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women to maximize opportunities for HIV prevention.
The Reminiscence Bump for Public Events: A Review of Its Prevalence and Taxonomy of Alternative Age Distributions
Authors: Koppel Jonathan 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe present paper examines the extant literature on the reminiscence bump for public events (the finding that public events are generally remembered best by those in adolescence or early adulthood at the time of their occurrence), with the aim of identifying (i) whether this bump in fact represents a legitimate effect, and (ii) the alternative age distributions that are otherwise seen in recall for public events. I conclude that, though the bump is frequently found, the legitimacy of the effect is contingent upon the strictness of the standard one employs. I also find significant exceptions to the bump, with a number of alternative age distributions seen in the literature. Therefore, I present a taxonomy of these alternative age distributions. Lastly, I discuss the implications of the existing literature regarding the mechanisms underlying the bump and offer suggestions for future research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal/Metal‐Oxide Interfaces: How Metal Contacts Affect the Work Function and Band Structure of MoO3
Authors: Greiner Mark T. , Chai Lily , Helander Michael G. , Tang Wing‐Man , Lu Zheng‐Hong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWhen transition metal oxides are used in practical applications, such as organic electronics or heterogeneous catalysis, they often must be in contact with a metal. Metal contacts can affect an oxide's chemical and electronic properties within the first few nanometers of the contact, resulting in changes to an oxide's chemical reactivity, conductivity, and energy‐level alignment properties. These effects can alter an oxide's ability to perform its intended function. Thus, the choice of contacting metal becomes an important design consideration when tailoring the properties of transition‐metal oxide thin films or nanoparticles. Here, metal/metal‐oxide interfaces involving a widely used oxide in organic electronics, MoO3, are examined. It is demonstrated that metal contacts tend to reduce the Mo6+ cation to lower oxidation states and, consequently, alter MoO3’s valence electronic structure and work function when the oxide layer is very thin (less than 10 nm). MoO3 becomes semimetallic and has a lower work function near metal contacts. The observed behavior is attributed to two causes: 1) charge transfer from the metal Fermi level into MoO3’s low‐lying conduction band and 2) an oxidation‐reduction reaction between the metal and MoO3 that results in oxidation of the metal and reduction of MoO3. These results illustrate how interfaces are important to an oxide's ability to provide energy‐level alignment.
Micro‐/Nanostructured Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hwang , Singer Jonathan P. , Thomas Edwin L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMechanical properties of materials have long been one of the most fundamental and studied areas of materials science for a myriad of applications. Recently, mechanical metamaterials have been shown to possess extraordinary effective properties, such as negative dynamic modulus and/or density, phononic bandgaps, superior thermoelectric properties, and high specific energy absorption. To obtain such materials on appropriate length scales to enable novel mechanical devices, it is often necessary to effectively design and fabricate micro‐/nano‐ structured materials. In this Review, various aspects of the micro‐/nano‐structured materials as mechanical metamaterials, potential tools for their multidimensional fabrication, and selected methods for their structural and performance characterization are described, as well as some prospects for the future developments in this exciting and emerging field.
De novo interstitial duplication of 15q11.2–q13.1 with complex maternal uniparental trisomy for the 15q11–q13 region in a patient with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Burrage Lindsay C. , Person Richard E. , Flores Angela , Villanos Maria Theresa M. , Bi Weimin , Wiszniewska Joanna , Bacino Carlos A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPrader–Willi syndrome is caused by the lack of paternal contribution for the imprinted 15q11–q13 region that originates through a number of mechanisms such as paternal deletion of 15q11–q13, maternal uniparental disomy, or by an imprinting defect due to epimutations in the paternal imprinting center. In the present report, we describe a female patient with complex maternal uniparental trisomy for the 15q11–q13 Prader–Willi syndrome critical region due to a de novo interstitial duplication of 15q11–q13 region that is present in one of the maternal homologs. As a result, the patient has three maternally derived copies of the Prader–Willi syndrome critical region and absence of paternal 15 contribution and thus, presents with a Prader–Willi syndrome phenotype with risk for developing additional phenotypes (e.g., autism and psychiatric phenotypes) characteristic of maternally derived duplications of this region. We suggest that this is a rather unique mechanism leading to Prader‐Willi syndrome that has not been previously reported. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Map of autosomal recessive genetic disorders in Saudi Arabia: Concepts and future directions
Authors: Al‐Owain Mohammed , Al‐Zaidan Hamad , Al‐Hassnan Zuhair 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSaudi Arabia has a population of 27.1 million. Prevalence of many autosomal recessive disorders is higher than in other known populations. This is attributable to the high rate of consanguineous marriages (56%), the tribal structure, and large family size. Founder mutations have been recognized in many autosomal recessive disorders, many of which are overrepresented within certain tribes. On the other hand, allelic heterogeneity is also observed among common and rare autosomal recessive conditions. With the adoption of more advanced molecular techniques in the country in recent years in conjunction with international collaboration, the mapping of various autosomal recessive disorders has increased dramatically. Different genetic concepts pertinent to this highly inbred population are discussed here. Addressing such genetic disorders at the national level will become a cornerstone of strategic health care initiatives in the 21st century. Current efforts are hampered by many socio‐cultural and health care related factors. Education about genetic diseases, establishment of a “national registry” and mutational database, and enhanced healthcare access are crucial for success of any preventative campaign. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“I want to know what's in Pandora's box”: Comparing stakeholder perspectives on incidental findings in clinical whole genomic sequencing
Authors: Townsend Anne , Adam Shelin , Birch Patricia H. , Lohn Zoe , Rousseau Francois , Friedman Jan M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWhole genomic sequencing (WGS) promises significant personalized health benefits, and its increasingly low cost makes wide clinical use inevitable. However, a core challenge is “incidental findings” (IF). Using focus groups, we explored attitudes about the disclosure of IF in clinical settings from three perspectives: Genetics health‐care professionals, the general public, and parents whose children have experienced genetic testing. Analysis was based on a framework approach. All three groups considered practical and ethical considerations. There was consensus that IF presented challenges for disclosure and a pre‐test patient–clinician discussion was vital for clarification and agreement. The professionals favored targeted analysis to limit data handling and focus pre‐test discussions on medical relevance. Their perspective highlighted ethical concepts of justice and beneficence. The lay groups' standpoint emphasized autonomy and patients' rights to choose what findings they receive, and that patients accept the consequences of any potential anxiety and uncertainty. The lay groups also felt that it was their responsibility to check genomic developments over time with their original test results and saw patient responsibility as an important part of patient choice. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal intrachromosomal insertional translocation leads to recurrent 1q21.3q23.3 deletion in two siblings
Authors: Quinonez Shane C. , Hedera Peter , Barr Mason , Ackley Todd , Lam Cindy , Purkayastha Anjali , Glover Thomas W. , Innis Jeffrey W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe identified a novel 6.33 Mb deletion of 1q21.3q23.3 (hg18; chr1: 153035245–159367106) in two siblings presenting with blepharophimosis, ptosis, microbrachycephaly, severe psychomotor, and intellectual disability. Additional common features include small corpus callosum, normal birth length and head circumference, postnatal growth restriction, low anterior hairline, upturned nose, bilateral preauricular pits, widely spaced teeth, gingival hypertrophy, left ventricular dilatation with decreased biventricular systolic function, delayed bone age, 5th finger clinodactyly, short 3rd digit, hyperconvex nails, obstructive and central sleep apnea, and bilateral heel contractures. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) performed in the mother of both children showed an apparently balanced, intrachromosomal insertional translocation of 1q21.3q23.3 to 1q42.12. The sibling recurrence likely arose by a maternal meiotic crossing over on the rearranged chromosome 1 between the deleted region and the insertion. We hypothesize that the decreased cardiac function and contractures may be related to LMNA haploinsufficiency. This case illustrates the importance of FISH when attempting to determine inheritance of a copy‐number variation and emphasize the value of evaluating known haploinsufficiency phenotypes for genes in deleted regions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New proposed clinico‐radiologic and molecular criteria in hypochondroplasia: FGFR 3 gene mutations are not the only cause of hypochondroplasia
Authors: Song Sang‐Heon , Balce Gracia Cielo Estrera , Agashe Mandar Vikas , Lee Hanna , Hong Suk‐Joo , Park Young‐Eun , Kim Sang‐Gyun , Song Hae‐Ryong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe applied a comprehensive set of clinical and radiological criteria for the diagnosis of hypochondroplasia (HCH) in 160 patients with short stature 58 of whom were diagnosed to have HCH. Taking into account the genotypic and phenotypic variations in HCH, we conducted a study with these 58 patients and tested them for mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and the short stature homeobox (SHOX) gene. We characterized the phenotypes by clinical and radiologic findings. In the patients with HCH, 19 were included in Group I (FGFR3 mutations—mutations of definite significance), and 39 were in Group II (6 SHOX mutations and 33 negative for disease‐causing FGFR3 mutations). The clinical findings were similar in two groups regardless of the presence or absence of mutations. More than 95% of the patients had mesomelic proportions. In Group I, the radiological findings of mesomelia of upper and lower limbs and, L1/L4 ratio in anterior–posterior and lateral view were more typical than in Group II. This study proposes comprehensive clinico‐radiological criteria for the diagnosis of HCH, which would help in detecting the true incidence of this underdiagnosed condition. The presence of SHOX mutations suggest genotypic–phenotypic overlap between HCH and Leri–Weill dyschondrosteosis, though further investigation is needed to effectively elucidate the importance of these mutations. Also, the 56.9% of HCH patients with negative mutations for FGFR3 suggests that there are other undiscovered gene mutations associated with this phenotypic entity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Life‐history chronicle for a patient with the recently described chromosome 4q21 microdeletion syndrome
Authors: Tsang Erica , Rupps Rosemarie , McGillivray Barbara , Eydoux Patrice , Marra Marco , Arbour Laura , Langlois Sylvie , Friedman Jan M. , Zahir Farah R. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract[Bonnet et al. (2010); J Med Genet 47: 377–384] recently suggested a 4q21 microdeletion syndrome with several common features, including severe intellectual disability, lack of speech, hypotonia, significant growth restriction, and distinctive facial features. Overlap of the deleted regions of 13 patients, including a patient we previously reported, delineates a critical region, with PRKG2 and RASGEF1B emerging as candidate genes. Here we provide a detailed clinical report and photographic life history of our previously reported patient. Previous case reports of this new syndrome have not described the prognosis or natural history of these patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trisomy 21 mosaicism and maternal age
Authors: Morris Joan K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to quantify the maternal age‐specific risk for trisomy 21 mosaicism. Data were obtained on 322 trisomy 21 diagnoses with mosaicism and 27,943 simple trisomy 21 diagnoses recorded in the National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register from 1989 to 2009 in England and Wales. Trisomy 21 cases with mosaicism have a mean maternal age of 33.1 years compared to 35.0 years for free trisomy 21 cases. Sixty‐seven percent of trisomy 21 diagnoses with mosaicism are maternal age dependent, with a risk 0.8% that of the corresponding maternal age specific risk for simple trisomy 21. However 33% (0.8 per 100,000 births) are not maternal age dependent, indicating that maternal age is not the only risk factor for mosaicism. Trisomy 21 diagnoses with mosaicism are more likely to be female than free trisomy 21 diagnoses, however there was no association of fetal sex with maternal age which indicates that there is another factor involved in the presence of mosaicism not associated with maternal age, but associated with fetal sex. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and implementation of electronic growth charts for infants with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Rosenbloom S. Trent , Butler Merlin G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPediatric growth charts are used to monitor children's growth and development, and assist in healthcare delivery and supervision. Researchers have developed syndrome‐specific growth charts for several disorders in which affected children grow differently than unaffected children. Typical standardized growth curves have been recently reported in non‐growth hormone treated infants with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) of both genders from birth to 36 months of age to support monitoring growth and nutritional status during infancy, and to guide growth hormone treatment and follow up. Electronic health record (EHR) systems serving pediatric populations can now incorporate interactive automated growth charts to assist the healthcare providers in clinical settings to monitor growth. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended that EHR systems incorporate syndrome‐specific growth charts where feasible. This manuscript describes the experiences at two medical centers at different stages of incorporating electronic growth charts into the medical records on infants with rare disorders, using PWS as an illustration. The absence of readily available and accessible syndrome‐specific standardized growth charts in other disorders causes challenges for EHR personnel and for healthcare providers who care for these children particularly in the growing electronic medical record environment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of nanofiber‐reinforced hydrogel scaffolds for nucleus pulposus regeneration by a combination of electrospinning and spraying technique
Authors: Thorvaldsson Anna , Silva‐Correia Joana , Oliveira Joaquim M. , Reis Rui L. , Gatenholm Paul , Walkenström Pernilla 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this work a new method is presented to efficiently produce hydrogel scaffolds reinforced with nanofibers to show enhanced mechanical properties and improved structural integrity. The method is based on a combination of air brush spraying of a hydrogel and electrospinning of nanofibers. With air brush spraying the controllability is enhanced and the potential for scale‐up increased. The developed method was used to successfully reinforce gellan gum hydrogels with electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers. Optical and rheological evaluations were performed and showed that parameters such as the amount of incorporated nanofibers, gellan gum concentration and calcium chloride (crosslinker) concentrations could be used to modulate material properties. Incorporation of a small amount of nanofibers had a reinforcing effect and resulted in a hydrogel with rheological properties similar to the human nucleus pulposus (NP). The method is flexible and carries potential for designing scaffolds for e.g. NP tissue regeneration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Polystyrene‐coated alumina powder via dispersion polymerization for indirect selective laser sintering applications
Authors: Cardon Ludwig , Deckers Jan , Verberckmoes An , Ragaert Kim , Delva Laurens , Shahzad Khuram , Vleugels Jef , Kruth Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA promising method for the manufacture of complex 3D ceramic parts is selective laser sintering (SLS). SLS of alumina components can be done either directly or indirectly. In this article, the indirect method is used by using polystyrene coated alumina particles. One of the methods to produce these alumina powders is dispersion polymerization. In this research, it is described how the alumina powder has been developed and tested. The powder has been characterized to define its processability within the SLS process. Used techniques include SEM (morphology), STA/TGA (overall mass loss), DSC (glass transition temperature Tg), and laser diffraction (particle size distribution). The investigated SLS process parameters were the preheating temperature, laser power, scan spacing, and scan speed. STA/TGA has proven that polystyrene‐coated alumina powders are suitable for SLS process, while DSC results were judged to be a good source of complementary data on preheating temperature of alumina/polystyrene powders. SLS experiments showed that single layer green parts can be produced. By using the optimized SLS parameters, it was demonstrated that different 3D geometries can be produced with the polystyrene coated alumina powders. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Thermal and mechanical properties of homogeneous ternary nanocomposites of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐wrapped multiwalled carbon nanotube dispersed in thermoplastic polyurethane: Dynamic‐ and thermomechanical analysis
Authors: Saha Suparna , Saha Uttam , Singh Jyoti Prakash , Goswami Thako Hari 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn interesting correlation between initial loading and nature of wrapping of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (rrP3HT) on multiwalled carbon nanotube and their combined effect on dynamic‐ and thermomechanical properties in ternary system (thermoplastic polyurethane as matrix) is highlighted. Wrapping of rrP3HT on carbon nanotube (CNT) makes the hexyl side chains thermally nonequivalent and composites more stable. Dynamic‐ and thermomechanical analysis ascertained the miscibility (single Tg = −40°C), large mechanical reinforcement, and improved storage modulus of nanocomposites in the presence of CNT compared to its blends. Two breaks at ∼ −100 and ∼ −40°C for TPU‐P3HT composites (PHs) and TPU‐P3HT‐MWCNT composites (PHCs) in the loss modulus vs. temperature plot indicates two different types of transitions in P3HT chains. Dimensional stability by expansion probe technique measures low coefficient of thermal expansion of PHCs compared to its blends. Softening property by penetration probe technique suggests that 2.5 wt % loading of P3HT exhibits lowest degree of penetration compared to other nanocomposites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Improving lactic acid melt polycondensation: The role of co‐catalyst
Authors: Marques Dina S. , Gil Maria H. , Baptista Cristina M. S. G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA study on lactic acid polycondensation under melt conditions was carried out and a preliminary assessment revealed tin powder as a very good catalyst for poly(lactic acid) (PLA) synthesis by melt polycondensation while confirming previous information on SnCl2 good performance. However, these catalysts also promoted side reactions leading to racemization and yellowing of the final polymer. The use of p‐toluenesulphonic acid (p‐TSA) or triphenylphosphine (PPh3) as co‐catalysts proved to be very effective hindering colour formation and allowing synthesizing PLA samples with enhanced properties. The addition of these compounds to neat tin powder increased the PLA optical purity, whereas their addition to SnCl2 speeded up the polymerization. A significant increase in molecular weight, from 32,500 to 52,000 g mol−1, was recorded, with the new catalytic system SnCl2/PPh3 showing catalytic activity comparable with the one reported in the literature for SnCl2/p‐TSA. Several characterization techniques were used for assessing polymer samples: the molecular weights were determined by SEC, thermal behavior measured by DSC, and racemization extent calculated from specific rotation measurements. UV/vis spectroscopy was confirmed as a powerful technique for evaluating yellowing of final polymers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013