bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different Flap Designs in the Removal of Impacted Third Molars
Authors: Kumaran Satish , Pathak Rishik Raj , Saxena Sanindhya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of the study is to compare the different flaps and incisions that can be employed for the surgical removal of impacted third molars and its influence on the post-operative healing and complications associated with the same.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients diagnosed with mesioangularly impacted third mandibular molar and needed extraction of the tooth. The patients were divided into five groups randomly and five different incisions were placed in these patients for the extraction of the third molars. The parameters assessed were post-operative pain, swelling, trismus, distal pocket formation and gingival recession.

Results:
The influence of all the flaps on the post-operative healing was satisfactory and favourable. No significant disparity was noted amongst the various flap designs.

Conclusion:
It can, thus, be deduced that the choice of incision and flap depends mainly on the surgeon and the amount of exposure required for the exposure of the impacted third molar.
Alveolar Ridge Split and Expansion Utilising a Piezo-surgical Approach for Implant Placement in Narrow Ridges
Authors: Alex Sarah , Paul Jose , D’Lima Johnson Prakash , Reshma TS 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In clinical settings, it is common to encounter alveolar ridges that lack sufficient width, posing challenges for implant placement. To ensure a successful implant placement, the bone’s width must be at least 1.5 mm greater than the implant’s diameter on both the buccal and lingual/palatal sides. The alveolar ridge split technique has been developed as a solution for horizontal bone deficiencies, allowing for the expansion of the alveolar ridges. This article discusses a case where an implant was placed in a 35-year-old male patient who had a missing lower left first molar for 5 years. Due to the horizontal deficiency of the alveolar ridge, a ridge split and expansion procedure was executed using piezosurgery. After 6 months, a screw-retained prosthesis was successfully delivered.
Unlocking the Power of Growth: A Multifaceted Approach to Correcting Skeletal Class III Malocclusion in Adolescence with Facemask Therapy Followed by Fixed Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Chandran Aswathy , Antony Vincy , Shaloob KM Muhamed , Nambiar Indu , Mohankumar Archana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Management of skeletal Class III malocclusion is very important to avoid future surgical interventions. This case report demonstrates the successful treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion in a 13-year-old male using a combination of Alt-RAMEC protocol and facemask therapy followed by fixed orthodontic treatment with extraction of 14, 24, 34 and 44. Post-treatment results showed significant improvements in skeletal, dental and soft-tissue parameters. The Alt-RAMEC protocol, combined with facemask therapy, facilitated maxillary protraction and provided effective skeletal modification. Early intervention in Class III malocclusion can yield favourable outcomes, emphasising the importance of comprehensive treatment planning and long-term follow-up.
Management of Pier Abutment Using Non-rigid Connector
Authors: Sneha P. , Anand K. S. , Pradeep Nishna , Angitha K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The use of a non-rigid connector proves advantageous in addressing issues associated with physiologic tooth movement, arch position of abutments and retentive capacity disparity. The innovative and cost-effective method outlined contributes to a more optimal solution for pier abutment cases in fixed dental prosthetics. This case report describes the incorporation of non-rigid connector to rehabilitate the pier abutment case.
Microbial Etiology, Immunological Evaluation, and Drug-Resistance Spectrum Profile of Bloodstream Infections Among Cancer Patients
Authors: Al-Zuwaini Sama Jawad , Aljibouri Lena Fadhil , Al-Marzoqi Ali Hussein , Golbashy Mohammad , Ibraheam Israa Adnan , Alsaffar Marwa Fadhil , Ahmed Ali Talib , Tolaifeh Zainab A. , Muslim Zahraa Aqeel , Otaiwi Mohammed Sabah , ALcharrakh Israa Aqeel Mohammed Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground:Bloodstream infection (BSI) in cancer patients is becoming more common due to a number of opportunistic bacteria, some of which show high resistance to antibiotics.Objectives:The study aimed to diagnose the most important bacterial causes of BSI in patients with different cancers of both sexes, estimate the sensitivity of bacterial species to antibiotics, and measure immunological factors in the serum of infected patients.Materials and Methods:The study sample included patients hospitalized at Marjan Teaching Hospital in Babil Province. Microbiological tests and immunological assessments were conducted on the study sample from April 2021 to February 2022. The study included 239 patients (with different types of cancers and showing signs of fever) included 126 (52.71%) females and 113 (47.28%) males.Results:1007 BSI-causing microorganisms were diagnosed among 239 cancer cases. The most common types of microorganisms isolated wereEscherichia coli169 (16.7%) andKlebsiella pneumonia165 (16.3%). The results showed significant antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for bacterial and fungal isolates causing BSI. Resistance to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol was higher than other antibiotics. The results showed a significant elevation of all immunological factors among the BSI group associated with cancer compared to the control group, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-6.Conclusions:It is necessary to regularly check the prevalence of bacteria and the level of antibiotic resistance in BSI patients. It will help determine whether local rules for the use of antimicrobial agents are appropriate and select appropriate drugs for empirical antibiotic therapy and prophylaxis in high-risk patients.
The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase EphA2 and Integrin-linked Kinase Expression in Colorectal Cancer in Relation to the Severity of the Tumor
Authors: Ahmed Hayat Sulaiman , Yalda Mayada Ilias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Although colorectal carcinoma is still the second cancer-related death worldwide, the current knowledge of the prognostic profile of routine markers is still humble. This study aimed to study the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 and integrin-linked kinase expression in relation to the severity of the disease represented by the grade, extent of invasion, and lymph node involvement.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 87 colorectal cancer cases diagnosed between 2019 and 2022. The immunohistochemical expression and scoring of integrin-linked kinase and EphA2 was carried out and correlated to the histological variables of severity.

Results:
The mean age of the studied cases was 57.85 years, and approximately 56.3% of them were females. The majority of the cases were moderately differentiated carcinoma (81.61%). More than half of the patients presented in T3. No lymph-node involvement was detected in 65.52 cases. The majority of the studied cases showed negative integrin-linked kinase expression in tumor cells in the colon and lymph nodes. Even positive cases showed low scores. EphA2 marker showed higher positivity in tumor cells of the colon and lymph nodes with higher scores, but no significant correlation to the histopathological variables.

Conclusion:
The EphA2 marker is of higher benefit than the integrin-linked kinase and the last one is of limited prognostic role in colorectal cancer due to the very high negative and low score results.
Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Healthcare Rooms in the Mosul Government Hospital, Iraq
Authors: Oudah Marwah Ali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a serious risk to patient safety because they are the most frequent adverse event in the healthcare industry and have a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Practices for preventing infections have improved. All medical professionals must take steps to prevent infections.

Objectives:
This study investigated the microbiology of health care infections (HCRI) in the intensive care units (ICUs) of public hospitals in Mosul, Iraq.

Materials and Methods:
The resistance profile of bacteria found in the ICU of Mosul’s Government General Hospital was evaluated using bacterial profiles on surfaces, equipment, and surveillance cultures. In an ICU, samples were taken from the patient’s bed and infusion pump. Samples were taken with swabs dipped in saline. Following the passage, samples were gathered, put in tubes, and brought to the lab for microbial evaluation.

Results:
The results revealed that all of the beds, equipment, and surfaces examined contained 134 different bacteria, 15 of which were oxacillin-resistant and could result in nosocomial infections. Intermediate resistance to ampicillin and vancomycin is 20%. Human isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to oxacillin, extended spectrum Betalactamases, and carbapenems.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that to stop the spread of highly resistant bacteria, it is necessary to use surveillance, isolation, and rational antibiotic use.
Study the Correlation of Ochratoxin A with a Prevalence of Breast Cancer in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq
Authors: Al-Mhanaa Haider Abbas Hadi , Al-Obaidi Atheer B. , Algazali Sajad A. , Abdelzaher H.G. , Abdelzaher M.A. , Alsirhani Alaa Muqbil , Mohammed Rawaa M. , Mohammed Roaa , Ali Mohanad Kadhim , Mahdi Mohammed Qasim Salih , Abdul-Jawad Dhuhah Hayder , Al-Muhanna Estabraq Hassan Badder , Alsaadi Ismael Mohammed , Rawdhan Zaid H. , Al-Hasan Baraa Akeel , Bustani Ghadeer Sabah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Breast cancer is a prevalent disease affecting numerous individuals worldwide. This study focuses on investigating the concentration of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in female breast cancer patients in the Al-Najaf Province. Previous research suggests a potential correlation between OTA and breast cancer.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of OTA and its association with breast cancer in females in the Al-Najaf Province.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 40 female breast cancer patients who received treatment at The National Educational Oncology Hospital in the Al-Najaf Province from April to August 2022 were included in this study. Additionally, 20 healthy females served as the control group. Serum samples were collected in sterile tubes (Eppendorf tube) and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantitatively diagnose the OTA ratio. Patient information, including age, was recorded in a data sheet.

Results:
The results demonstrated a significant increase (P < 0.05) in OTA concentrations among the total number of breast cancer patients compared to the control group. The concentrations of OTA were measured at 0.2720 and 0.2186 ng/mL in breast cancer patients, indicating a higher OTA level in this group.

Conclusion:
This study provides evidence of a significant association between OTA concentration and breast cancer in female patients from the Al-Najaf Province. These findings contribute to the understanding of the role of OTA in breast cancer development. Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying this relationship and potentially develop targeted interventions.
Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Infertility among Infertile Couples in Mosul City, Iraq
Authors: Hashim Abdulrahman Mazin , Mahmood Hanady Jabbar , Salih Ahmed Mishaal Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude toward infertility among infertile couples.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was implemented over a period lasting from October 5, 2022, to December 25, 2022. A total of 138 infertile couples were selected through simple random sampling, and interviews were conducted with couples who attended consulting clinics for the management and treatment of infertility in three hospitals in Mosul city using a questionnaire.

Results:
The results revealed that 58% of the couples who participated in the study had moderate pieces of knowledge about infertility, and 42% had inadequate knowledge, 60.9% of the couples who participated in the study had a positive attitude, 36.2% had a neutral attitude, and 2.9% of them had a negative attitude toward infertility disease.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that most of the couples who took part in the study had been married for more than 5 years, and over half of them had an average understanding of infertility and a positive attitude toward it.
Relationship between Demodex folliculorum Parasite Infection and IgE Level in the Blood
Authors: Al-Musawi Sahira Ayyed Abdul-Sahib , Hussein Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:

Demodex folliculorum is one of the most common types of microscopic ectoparasites that infect humans, It lives permanently in the hair follicles and causes Demodectic blepharitis and rosacea.

Objectives:
Evaluating the body’s immune response against infection with the Demodex follicular parasite, determining IgE levels, and evaluating the effect of some factors, such as gender and age, on infection with the Demodex follicular parasite.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 722 study samples were collected and examined comprising both males and females aged from 10 to 70 years.

Results:
results showed that infection with the parasite Demodex folliculorum had a highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.0 1) on the concentration of immunoglobulin E (IgE). A higher concentration of IgE was observed in the group of people with the parasite compared with the control group and for all age groups, and the increase was more pronounced. In the age group of 10–19 and 30–39 years, the IGE level was 81.03 and 88.69 IU/ml in the control group, and it increased significantly (P ≥ 0.01) to 466.20 and 456.34 IU/ml, respectively, in the infected group with the parasite.

Conclusions:
We conclude through the results of the current study that infection with the D. folliculorum parasite has a highly significant effect on the concentration of IgE immunoglobulin.
Phenotype and Genotypic Characteristics of Isolated Clinical Salmonella typhi Strains from Children with Diarrhea
Authors: Khudair Ketam Kadium , Ghasemi Mohammed Faezi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:

Salmonella and its stereotypes are an important source of human food contamination and are very strong and pathogenic in humans.

Objectives:
This study aimed to isolate Salmonella typhi from children with diarrhea and study its phenotypic and genotypic characterizations.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, 150 stool samples of children with diarrhea were collected from hospitals and medical centers and were transferred to the specialized laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar branch, with full respect for health conditions. Peptone water, Selenite F broth, XLD, and Salmonella Shigella agar were used for primary isolation. To confirm the diagnosis, biochemical tests, such as triple sugar iron, urea agar, VogesProskauer, Indole, Simmons’ citrate, and movement, were used.

Results:
A total of 45 cases of Salmonella bacteria were isolated using the microbial culture method. This is while using the Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular method, resistance and pathogenicity genes were detected in all 45 cases of Salmonella bacteria in the samples, and most of them are homogenous in terms of antibiotic resistance content, both phenotypically and molecularly were the target genes. Therefore, it can be said that the PCR method is more accurate than the microbial culture and also the traditional methods of microbial culture are often time-consuming, tiring, and expensive.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that for diagnosis and isolation of bacteria, two methods are generally used, such as traditional methods and new methods. However, the isolation of bacteria by these methods is time-consuming and time-effective and has always caused problems for researchers. This is especially important when faced with time limitations and we have to announce the result immediately or in cases where we encounter the size of the samples.
Isolation and Identification of Candida sp. from Cancer Patients in Al-Najaf Governorate
Authors: Taiban Zahraa Kareem , Kadhum Suaad W. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
The study of microbes and cancer is considered one of the challenges in sustainable development. Candida is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus that is inclined to infect the host with faulty immune function involving cancer patients. A growing amount of research has shown that Candida infection raises the host’s vulnerability to cancer, such as colorectal, gastric, and oral cancer.

Objectives:
This investigation demonstrates the isolation and identification of Candida spp. from cancer patients of the Middle Euphrates Cancer Center in Al-Najaf Governorate.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-one blood samples were collected for the preparation of serum. The serum is cultured on SDA media, and the culture is examined for microbial growth, such as culture on SDA media, Chrom agar, microscopic examination, and then by VITEK 2 technique.

Results:
The current investigation showed that the infection percentage with opportunistic microorganisms was demonstrated as follows: 53% was Candida while 47% was bacteria and other types of yeast. The results demonstrate five different species of Candida sp., Candida species were (46%) C. parapsilosis (13.33%) for each of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, and C. guillermondii.

Conclusion:
We concluded from our current study that some pathogenic microbes can be isolated from the sera of cancer patients, as some types of Candida were isolated, which include C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C.dubliniensis, and C. guillermondii.
Effectiveness of Deep Breathing Technique on Pain Level of School Children during Catheterization
Authors: Shawq Adraa Hussein 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Pediatric medical procedures mostly cause pain and fear among hospitalized children. Many nonpharmacological pain strategies can used to decrease children’s fear and pain in addition to decreasing the burden of medication.

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the deep breathing technique on children's pain intensity during urine catheterization procedures, at Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Baghdad city.

Materials and Methods:
A quasi-experimental study was selected to determine the effects of pain strategies through achieving the manipulation and control group, conducted with a nonprobability (convenience) sample of 60 children of both genders at the age range of 6–12 years, divided into three groups of 20 children in each group. The study was carried out at Children Welfare Teaching Hospitals, from the period October 13, 2021, to July 28, 2022. The numeric Pain Rating Scale was used to assess pain level before and after nursing intervention with three pain management methods that included deep breathing technique, pharmacological, and combination methods.

Results:
The result of the study revealed that the application of deep breathing techniques, pharmacological, and combination methods were effective in reducing children’s pain at different levels. The deep breathing method has a significant influence on reducing children’s pain. The most effective method to reduce children’s pain was a combination method.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that the application of all pain management methods in this study was effective in reducing children’s pain at different levels during catheterization. The combination method (pharmacological and nonpharmacological) was most effective in reducing children’s pain. However, the deep breathing method approved its significant influence on children’s pain.
Immunological Study of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Associated with Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and Development in Iraqi Provinces
Authors: Deaibil Hussein Bahaa , Al-Dujaili Arshad Noori 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
The present study aims to explain the vital role of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-B1) expression in aggressive and developed prostatic cancer.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred eighty males were enrolled in this study between December 2021 and June 2022. They were divided into four groups. The first group served as a control group. The second group included the newly diagnosed patients with malignant prostate cancer. The third group involved the patients who received treatment, and the last group involved those with benign prostate hyperplasia. Prostate cancer patients were divided into three stages and grades (scores). The stages are Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and ΙⅤ, and the scores are 5, 6, and 7, 8, 9, respectively. We studied SR-B1 in the serum of suspected patients.

Results:
The results revealed a significant increase in SR-B1 in prostate cancer patients compared to benign, tumor-treated, and control groups. They also demonstrated a substantial increase in SR-B1 in the subgroup with age range 50–59 years, in comparison with 60–69 years in all patient groups. In addition, SR-B1 recorded a significant increase in both new diagnosed and tumor-treated patients at grade IV compared to grades III and II and grades 7, 8, and 9 compared to grades 5 and 6 in both newly diagnosed and tumor-treated patients.

Conclusion:
This study showed that SR-B1 has an important role in aggressiveness and development of prostate cancer, with the possibility of using this marker for initial detection of cancer.
Electrolyte Imbalance and Impaired Kidney Functions in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Alqershi Karrar A. , Deaibil Hussein Bahaa , Abdul-Jawad Dhuhah Hayder 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, is a pandemic infection that first appeared in Wuhan, China and is responsible for acute respiratory illness. The symptoms of this infection range from being mild and restricted to developing fever, cough, and loss of smell or taste, to severe life-threatening pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the severity could reach beyond that level and convert to a multi-organ failure or death. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is known to be the receptor that used by coronavirus to enter the cells, and hence, multi-organ infection could result. From that point, renal involvement, including impaired kidney function and electrolyte imbalance, is one of the complications that might develop.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 patients, 29 males and 31 females, were recruited in this study, where blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, sodium, potassium, and chloride were evaluated.

Results:
The results revealed elevated levels of BUN and serum creatinine and decreased levels of sodium and chloride and to some extent, potassium levels. Few samples were diagnosed with increased levels of serum electrolytes.

Conclusion:
The results revealed the presence of electrolyte imbalance and kidney dysfunction associated with COVID-19 infection. Further investigations need to be carried out to estimate to what extent the changes in these biochemical parameters could be risk factors for developing acute kidney injury (AKI) and eventually death.