bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Religious Force in the Wukan Incident
Authors: Yuxin Hou 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The Wukan Incident attracted extensive attention both in China and around the world, and has been interpreted from many different perspectives. In both the media and academia, the focus has very much been on the temporal level of the Incident. The political and legal dimensions, as well as the implications of the Incident in terms of human rights have all been pored over. However, what all of these discussions have overlooked is the role played by religious force during the Incident. The village of Wukan has a history of over four hundred years, and is deeply influenced by the religious beliefs of its people. Within both the system of religious beliefs and in everyday life in the village, the divine immortal Zhenxiu Xianweng and the religious rite of casting shengbei have a powerful influence. In times of peace, Xianweng and casting shengbei work to bestow good fortune, wealth and longevity on both the village itself, and the individuals who live there. During the Wukan Incident, they had a harmonizing influence, and helped to unify and protect the people. Looking at the specific roles played by religion throughout the Wukan Incident will not only enable us to develop a more meaningful understanding of the cultural nature and the complexity of the Incident itself, it will also enrich our understanding, on a divine level, of innovations in social management.
Polarimetric Radar Characteristics of Melting Hail. Part I: Theoretical Simulations Using Spectral Microphysical Modeling
Authors: Ryzhkov Alexander V. , Kumjian Matthew R. , Ganson Scott M. , Khain Alexander P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSpectral (bin) microphysics models are used to simulate polarimetric radar variables in melting hail. Most computations are performed in a framework of a steady-state, one-dimensional column model. Vertical profiles of radar reflectivity factor Z, differential reflectivity ZDR, specific differential phase KDP, specific attenuation Ah, and specific differential attenuation ADP are modeled at S, C, and X bands for a variety of size distributions of ice particles aloft. The impact of temperature lapse rate, humidity, vertical air velocities, and ice particle density on the vertical profiles of the radar variables is also investigated. Polarimetric radar signatures of melting hail depend on the degree of melting or the height of the radar resolution volume with respect to the freezing level, which determines the relative fractions of partially and completely melted hail (i.e., rain). Simulated vertical profiles of radar variables are very sensitive to radar wavelength and the slope of the size distribution of hail aloft, which is correlated well with maximal hail size. Analysis of relative contributions of different parts of the hail/rain size spectrum to the radar variables allows explanations of a number of experimentally observed features such as large differences in Z of hail at the three radar wavelengths, unusually high values of ZDR at C band, and relative insensitivity of the measurements at C and X bands to the presence of large hail exceeding 2.5 cm in diameter. Modeling results are consistent with S- and C-band polarimetric radar observations and are utilized in Part II for devising practical algorithms for hail detection and determination of hail size as well as attenuation correction and rainfall estimation in the presence of hail.
Improved Representation of Tropical Pacific Ocean–Atmosphere Dynamics in an Intermediate Complexity Climate Model
Authors: Sriver Ryan L. , Timmermann Axel , Mann Michael E. , Keller Klaus , Goosse Hugues 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
A new anomaly coupling technique is introduced into a coarse-resolution dynamic climate model [the Liège Ocean Carbon Heteronomous model (LOCH)–Vegetation Continuous Description model (VECODE)–Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity Climate deBilt (ECBILT)–Coupled Large-Scale Ice–Ocean model (CLIO)–Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheet Model (AGISM) ensemble (LOVECLIM)], improving the model’s representation of eastern equatorial Pacific surface temperature variability. The anomaly coupling amplifies the surface diabatic atmospheric forcing within a Gaussian-shaped patch applied in the tropical Pacific Ocean. It is implemented with an improved predictive cloud scheme based on empirical relationships between cloud cover and key state variables. Results are presented from a perturbed physics ensemble systematically varying the parameters controlling the anomaly coupling patch size, location, and amplitude. The model’s optimal parameter combination is chosen through calibration against the observed power spectrum of monthly-mean surface temperature anomalies in the Niño-3 region. The calibrated model exhibits substantial improvement in equatorial Pacific interannual surface temperature variability and robustly reproduces El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like variability. The authors diagnose some of the key atmospheric and oceanic feedbacks in the model important for simulating ENSO-like variability, such as the positive Bjerknes feedback and the negative heat flux feedback, and analyze the recharge–discharge of the equatorial Pacific ocean heat content. They find LOVECLIM robustly captures important ocean dynamics related to thermocline adjustment and equatorial Kelvin waves. The calibrated model demonstrates some improvement in simulating atmospheric feedbacks, but the coupling between ocean and atmosphere is relatively weak. Because of the tractability of LOVECLIM and its consequent utility in exploring long-term climate variability and large ensemble perturbed physics experiments, improved representation of tropical Pacific ocean–atmosphere dynamics in the model may more readily allow for the investigation of the role of tropical Pacific ocean–atmosphere dynamics in past climate changes.
The Arctic–Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation*
Authors: Eldevik Tor , Nilsen Jan Even Ø. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The Atlantic Ocean's thermohaline circulation is an important modulator of global climate. Its northern branch extends through the Nordic Seas to the cold Arctic, a region that appears to be particularly influenced by climate change. A thermohaline circulation is fundamentally concerned with two degrees of freedom. This is in particular the case for the inflow of warm and saline Atlantic Water through the Nordic Seas toward the Arctic that is balanced by two branches of outflow. The authors present an analytical model, rooted in observations, that constrains the strength and structure of this Arctic–Atlantic thermohaline circulation. It is found, maybe surprisingly, that the strength of Atlantic inflow is relatively insensitive to anomalous freshwater input; it mainly reflects changes in northern heat loss. Freshwater anomalies are predominantly balanced by the inflow's partition into estuarine and overturning circulation with southward polar outflow in the surface and dense overflow at depth, respectively. More quantitatively, the approach presented herein provides a relatively simple framework for making closed and consistent inference on the thermohaline circulation's response to observed or estimated past and future change in the northern seas.
Joint Contribution of Multiple Equatorial Waves to Tropical Cyclogenesis over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Chen Guanghua , Chou Chia 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
A composite study is performed to examine the differences in equatorial wave behaviors and large-scale background patterns during tropical cyclone (TC) genesis. After removing TC contamination, Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), equatorial Rossby (ER) wave, mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) wave, and tropical depression (TD)-type disturbance (jointly referred to as the MT wave) are quantified to evaluate the attribution of TC geneses. Given that TC geneses are attributed to a single wave or multiple waves, the eight categories are specified based on the moderate thresholds. The TC geneses related to multiple waves are roughly twice as many as those related to a single wave. The MT wave alone accounts for a minor proportion of TC geneses without collaboration with other larger-scale waves. The mean TC genesis location related to ER wave shifts to higher latitudes, and the TC geneses attributed to both of MJO and MT waves are more concentrated at the west. The single-wave categories are characterized by a zonally propagating component with a large spatial scale. In contrast, the joint contribution from more than one wave type favors creating a coherent environment with enhanced low-level cyclonic vorticity, horizontal convergence, or vertical easterly shear in a preferred region. Consequently, the waves have a more robust structure and a more northwestward-propagating component. Correspondingly, the TC geneses in the MJO–ER category tend to occur within a monsoon trough dominated by cyclonic circulation. For the MJO–MT category, the background field exhibits a confluence pattern with a monsoon trough to the west and easterly flows to the east. The collaboration of the ER and MT waves facilitates TC geneses within an easterly environment in the southern flank of the subtropical high.
Expression of deleted in liver cancer 1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 protein in ovarian carcinoma and their clinical significance
Authors: Ren Fang , Shi Huirong , Zhang Gong , Zhang Ruitao 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
The deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) are known to be closely associated with tumor growth and metastasis in several kinds of human tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of DLC1 and PAI-1 in ovarian carcinoma, and evaluate their relations with the prognosis of ovarian carcinoma.

Methods
Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to examine the expressions of DLC1 and PAI-1 protein in 25 specimens normal ovarian tissues, 52 specimens of serous cystadenocarcinoma tissues and 23 specimens of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma tissues. Chi-square test, Logistic regression and Partial Correlate analysis were performed to evaluate the association between DLC1 and PAI-1 with clinicopathological characteristics. Overall survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox analysis. The relationships between DLC1 and PAI-1 protein expression were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

Results
The expression of DLC1 protein in ovarian carcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in normal ovarian tissues, but it was converse for PAI-1. In ovarian carcinoma, the expression of DLC1 was significantly associated with advanced FIGO stage, ascites and positive lymph node metastasis, whereas PAI-1 protein was closely related with advanced FIGO stage, poor histological differentiation and lymph node metastasis. The expression of DLC1 was negatively correlated with PAI-1 in ovarian carcinoma. Ovarian cancer patients with negative expression of DLC1 and positive expression of PAI-1 had the worst overall survival time compared to other patients.

Conclusions
The expression of DLC1 and PAI-1 were closely related with the metastasis and invasion of ovarian carcinoma, only the combination of DLC1 and PAI-1 could serve as an independent prognostic factor of ovarian carcinoma.
Standardization developments for large scale biobanks in smoking related diseases - a model system for blood sample processing and storage
Authors: Malm Johan , Fehniger Thomas E , Danmyr Pia , Végvári Ákos , Welinder Charlotte , Lindberg Henrik , Upton Paul , Carter Stephanie , Appelqvist Roger , Sjödin Karin , Wieslander Elisabet , Dahlbäck Magnus , Rezeli Melinda , Erlinge David , Marko-Varga György 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Biobank samples stored in biobanks give researchers and respiratory healthcare institutions access to datasets of analytes valuable for both diagnostic and research practices. The usefulness of these samples in clinical decision-making is highly dependent on their quality and integrity. New procedures that better preserve sample integrity and reduce degradation are being developed to meet the needs of both present and future biobanking. Hereby we present an automatic sample workflow scheme that is designed to handle high numbers of blood samples.

Methods
Blood fractions are aliquoted, heat sealed using novel technology, and stored in 384 tube high-density sample arrays.

Results
The newly developed 384 biobank rack system is especially suited for preserving identical small aliquots. We provide data on robotic processing of clinical samples at −80°C, following initial processing, analysis and shipping between laboratories throughout Europe. Subsequent to unpacking, re-sorting, and storage at these sites, the samples have been returned for analysis. Biomarker analysis of 13 common tests in the clinical chemistry unit of the hospital provides evidence of qualitative and stable logistics using the 384-sample tube system.

Conclusions
This technology development allows rapid access to a given sample in the frozen archive while maintaining individual sample integrity with sample tube confinement and quality management.
A global profiling of uncapped mRNAs under cold stress reveals specific decay patterns and endonucleolytic cleavages in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Mao Zhiwei , Chong Kang 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background
mRNA degradation is a critical factor in determining mRNA abundance and enables rapid adjustment of gene expression in response to environmental stress. The involvement of processing bodies in stress response suggests a role for decapping-mediated mRNA degradation. However, little is known about the role of mRNA degradation under stressful environmental conditions.

Results
Here, we perform a global study of uncapped mRNAs, via parallel analysis of RNA ends (PARE), under cold stress in Brachypodium distachyon. Enrichment analysis indicates that degradation products detected by PARE are mainly generated by the decapping pathway. Endonucleolytic cleavages are detected, uncovering another way of modulating gene expression. PARE and RNA-Seq analyses identify four types of mRNA decay patterns. Type II genes, for which light-harvesting processes are over-represented in gene ontology analyses, show unchanged transcript abundance and altered uncapped transcript abundance. Uncapping-mediated transcript stability of light harvesting-related genes changes significantly in response to cold stress, which may allow rapid adjustments in photosynthetic activity in response to cold stress. Transcript abundance and uncapped transcript abundance for type III genes changes in opposite directions in response to cold stress, indicating that uncapping-mediated mRNA degradation plays a role in regulating gene expression.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first global analysis of mRNA degradation under environmental stress conditions in Brachypodium distachyon. We uncover specific degradation and endonucleolytic cleavage patterns under cold stress, which will deepen our understanding of mRNA degradation under stressful environmental conditions, as well as the cold stress response mechanism in monocots.
Revision from unicompartmental to total knee replacement
Authors: Kerens B. , Boonen B. , Schotanus M. G. M. , Lacroix H. , Emans P. J. , Kort N. P. 
Published: August 2013

Although it has been suggested that the outcome after revision of a unicondylar knee replacement (UKR) to total knee replacement (TKR) is better when the mechanism of failure is understood, a comparative study on this subject has not been undertaken.A total of 30 patients (30 knees) who underwent revision of their unsatisfactory UKR to TKR were included in the study: 15 patients with unexplained pain comprised group A and 15 patients with a defined cause for pain formed group B. The Oxford knee score (OKS), visual analogue scale for pain (VAS) and patient satisfaction were assessed before revision and at one year after revision, and compared between the groups.The mean OKS improved from 19 (10 to 30) to 25 (11 to 41) in group A and from 23 (11 to 45) to 38 (20 to 48) in group B. The mean VAS improved from 7.7 (5 to 10) to 5.4 (1 to 8) in group A and from 7.4 (2 to 9) to 1.7 (0 to 8) in group B. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean improvements in each group for both OKS (p = 0.022) and VAS (p = 0.002). Subgroup analysis in group A, performed in order to define a patient factor that predicts outcome of revision surgery in patients with unexplained pain, showed no pre-operative differences between both subgroups.These results may be used to inform patients about what to expect from revision surgery, highlighting that revision of UKR to TKR for unexplained pain generally results in a less favourable outcome than revision for a known cause of pain.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1204–8.
Detection Bias and Overestimation of Bladder Cancer Risk in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Colmers Isabelle N. , Majumdar Sumit R. , Yasui Yutaka , Bowker Samantha L. , Marra Carlo A. , Johnson Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether the risk of bladder cancer in individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes is influenced by the frequency of physician visits before diagnosis as a measure of detection bias.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
With the use of linked administrative databases from 1996 to 2006, we established a cohort of 185,100 adults from British Columbia, Canada, with incident type 2 diabetes matched one to one with nondiabetic individuals on age, sex, and index date. Incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for bladder cancer were calculated during annual time windows following the index date. Analyses were stratified by number of physician visits in the 2 years before diabetes diagnosis and adjusted for age, sex, year of cohort entry, and socioeconomic status.

RESULTS
The study population was 54% men and had an average age of 60.7 ± 13.5 years; 1,171 new bladder cancers were diagnosed over a median follow-up of 4 years. In the first year after diabetes diagnosis, bladder cancer incidence in the diabetic cohort was 85.3 (95% CI 72.0–100.4) per 100,000 person-years and 66.1 (54.5–79.4) in the control cohort (aHR 1.30 [1.02–1.67], P = 0.03). This first-year increased bladder cancer risk was limited to those with the fewest physician visits 2 years before the index date (≤12 visits, aHR 2.14 [1.29–3.55], P = 0.003). After the first year, type 2 diabetes was not associated with bladder cancer.

CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that early detection bias may account for an overestimation in previously reported increased risks of bladder cancer associated with type 2 diabetes.
April 2010 Book Reviews
Authors: Neumann Donald 
Published: August 2013

The JOSPT offers invited reviews of current titles. The April 2010 column includes 7 reviews of the following books: Biological Joint Reconstruction: Alternatives to Arthroplasty; Tension-type and Cervicogenic Headache: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management; AO Handbook: Musculoskeletal Outcomes Measures and Instruments (Volumes 1 and 2); Arthroscopic Techniques of the Knee: A Visual Guide; Arthroscopic Techniques of the Shoulder: A Visual Guide; Manipulative Thrust Techniques: An Evidence Based Approach; and Functional Testing in Human Performance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(4):239–244. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.40.4.239
A Special Thanks to 2011 JOSPT Contributors
Authors: Simoneau Guy G. 
Published: August 2013

Editor-in-Chief Dr. Guy Simoneau recognizes the authors, associate editors, International Editorial Review Board members, and manuscript and musculoskeletal imaging reviewers who contributed to the various aspects of the Journal over the past 12 months. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(12):911–913. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.0112
October 2011 Book Reviews
Authors: Neumann Donald 
Published: August 2013

JOSPT offers invited reviews of current titles. The October 2011 column includes 5 reviews of the following books: Athletic and Sports Issues in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation; Biomechanics of Human Motion: Basics and Beyond for the Health Professions; Nerve and Vascular Injuries in Sports Medicine; Assessment and Treatment of Muscle Imbalance: The Janda Approach; and Ther Ex Notes: Clinical Pocket Guide. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(10):797–801. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.41.10.797
July 2012 Book Reviews
Authors: Neumann Donald 
Published: August 2013

JOSPT offers invited reviews of current titles. The July 2012 column includes 5 reviews of the following books: Mobilization With Movement, Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention (5th Edition), Low back Pain Clinical Management Guidelines, The Hand (4th Edition), and Strap Taping for Sports and Rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(7):662–665. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.42.7.662
Posterior Labral Tear With a Paralabral Cyst Causing Suprascapular Nerve Compression
Authors: Westrick Richard B. , Fogarty Brian T. , Johnson Michael R. 
Published: August 2013

The patient was a 21-year-old man who was currently enrolled in a military academy. He was seen by a physical therapist in a direct-access capacity for a chief complaint of right shoulder fatigue and discomfort that was present for the past week. Due to marked atrophy and weakness with no history of injury, an orthopaedic surgeon was consulted and diagnostic imaging was requested. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a posterior labral tear with a large paralabral cyst, likely resulting in significant compression of the suprascapular nerve. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(7):511. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0412
Does smoking have an impact on fusion rate in single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with allograft and rigid plate fixation?
Authors: Luszczyk Myles , Smith Justin S. , Fischgrund Jeffrey S. , Ludwig Steven C. , Sasso Rick C. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Vaccaro Alexander R. 
Published: August 2013

Object
Although smoking has been shown to negatively affect fusion rates in patients undergoing multilevel fusions of the cervical and lumbar spine, the effect of smoking on fusion rates in patients undergoing single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with allograft and plate fixation has yet to be thoroughly investigated. The objective of the present study was to address the effect of smoking on fusion rates in patients undergoing a 1-level ACDF with allograft and a locked anterior cervical plate.

Methods
This study is composed of patients from the control groups of 5 separate studies evaluating the use of an anterior cervical disc replacement to treat cervical radiculopathy. For each of the 5 studies the control group consisted of patients who underwent a 1-level ACDF with allograft and a locked cervical plate. The authors of the present study reviewed data obtained in a total of 573 patients; 156 patients were smokers and 417 were nonsmokers. A minimum follow-up period of 24 months was required for inclusion in this study. Fusion status was assessed by independent observers using lateral, neutral, and flexion/extension radiographs.

Results
An overall fusion rate of 91.4% was achieved in all 573 patients. A solid fusion was shown in 382 patients (91.6%) who were nonsmokers. Among patients who were smokers, 142 (91.0%) had radiographic evidence of a solid fusion. A 2-tailed Fisher exact test revealed a p value of 0.867, indicating no difference in the union rates between smokers and nonsmokers.

Conclusions
The authors found no statistically significant difference in fusion status between smokers and nonsmokers who underwent a single-level ACDF with allograft and a locked anterior cervical plate. Although the authors do not promote tobacco use, it appears that the use of allograft with a locked cervical plate in single-level ACDF among smokers produces similar fusion rates as it does in their nonsmoking counterparts.