bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemoenzymatic Modification of Daptomycin: Aromatic Group Installation on Trp1
Authors: Dimas Dustin A. , Kumar Vikas , Mandal Prashant S. , Masterson Johanna M. , Tonelli Marco , Singh Shanteri 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDaptomycin is a cyclic lipodepsipeptide antibiotic used to treat infections caused by Gram‐positive pathogens, including multi‐drug resistant strains such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE). The emergence of daptomycin‐resistant bacterial strains has renewed interest in generating daptomycin analogs. Previous studies have shown that replacing the tryptophan of daptomycin with aromatic groups can generate analogs with enhanced potency. Additionally, we have demonstrated that aromatic prenyltransferases can attach diverse groups to the tryptophan of daptomycin. Here, we report the use of the prenyltransferase CdpNPT to derivatize the tryptophan of daptomycin with a library of benzylic and heterocyclic pyrophosphates. An analytical‐scale study revealed that CdpNPT can transfer various aromatic groups onto daptomycin. Subsequent scaled‐up and purified reactions indicated that the enzyme can attach aromatic groups to N1, C2, C5 and C6 positions of Trp1 of daptomycin. In vitro antibacterial activity assays using six of these purified compounds identified aromatic substituted daptomycin analogs show potency against both daptomycin‐susceptible and resistant strains of Gram‐positive bacteria. These findings suggest that installing aromatic groups on the Trp1 of daptomycin can lead to the generation of potent daptomycin analogs.
Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Biological Activity of the Selective TACR2 Antagonist Tumonolide and its Aldehyde from a Marine Cyanobacterium
Authors: Kokkaliari Sofia , Grauso Laura , Mangoni Alfonso , Seabra Gustavo , Paul Valerie J. , Luesch Hendrik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe macrocyclic tumonolide (1) with enamide functionality and the linear tumonolide aldehyde (2) are new interconverting natural products from a marine cyanobacterium with a peptide‐polyketide skeleton, representing a hybrid of apratoxins and palmyrolides or laingolides. The planar structures were established by NMR and mass spectrometry. The relative configuration of the stereogenically‐rich apratoxin‐like polyketide portion was determined using J‐based configuration analysis. The absolute configuration of tumonolide (1) was determined by chiral analysis of the amino acid units and computational methods, followed by NMR chemical shift and ECD spectrum prediction, indicating all‐R configuration for the polyketide portion, as in palmyrolide A and contrary to the all‐S configuration in apratoxins. Functional screening against a panel of 168 GPCR targets revealed tumonolide (1) as a selective antagonist of TACR2 with an IC50 of 7.0 μM, closely correlating with binding affinity. Molecular docking studies established the binding mode and rationalized the selectivity for TACR2 over TACR1 and TACR3. RNA sequencing upon treatment of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells demonstrated activation of the pulmonary fibrosis idiopathic signaling pathway and the insulin secretion signaling pathway at 20 μM, indicating its potential to modulate these pathways.
Improving reading performance by file prefetching mechanism in distributed cache systems
Authors: Gui Jing , Wang Yongbin , Shuai Wuyue 
Published: July 2024

SummaryDistributed cache systems are utilized to enhance I/O performance between computing applications and storage systems. However, the traditional file access predictors employed in these cache systems are only suitable for workloads with simple file access patterns, rendering them inadequate for the complex access patterns found in big data computing scenarios. In this article, we propose a file access predictor (DFAP) based on WaveNet, which has exhibited promising results in file access tasks when compared to other baseline models. Cache systems are often constrained by limited cache space due to cost, cluster size, and other factors. In big data scenarios, cached data and prefetched data often compete for limited space. To address this issue, we introduce a cache prefetching algorithm (CBAP) for cache systems, which is based on cost‐benefit analysis to improve cache utilization. Furthermore, we implement a novel file prefetching framework on Alluxio, which accelerates computing jobs by up to 18%.
Design of a multi‐octave high‐efficiency power amplifier employing a modified continuous class‐GF mode
Authors: Zhu Haipeng , Zhang Zhiwei , Xuan Xuefei , Wang Chenlu , Zhang Luyu , Gu Chao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a modified continuous mode class‐GF power amplifier (PA) incorporating a phase shift parameter to modify the drain voltage waveform. This modification significantly boosts the overlap area between the fundamental impedance and the second harmonic impedance, thereby providing increased flexibility in designing a broadband matching network. Additionally, a straightforward modified coupler network is proposed to effectively accommodate the expanded impedance design space. Experimental validation was conducted with a PA operating within the frequency range of 0.5–3.5 GHz. The results affirm the efficacy of the proposed approach, with the saturated output power ranging from 40.0 to 42.5 dBm, accompanied by a gain exceeding 10 dB. Furthermore, a remarkable drain efficiency ranging from 59% to 76.2% is achieved within the targeted frequency band.
Commensal microbiome and gastrointestinal mucosal immunity: Harmony and conflict with our closest neighbor
Authors: Tian Kexin , Jing Dehong , Lan Junzhe , Lv Mingming , Wang Tingting 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe gastrointestinal tract contains a wide range of microorganisms that have evolved alongside the immune system of the host. The intestinal mucosa maintains balance within the intestines by utilizing the mucosal immune system, which is controlled by the complex gut mucosal immune network.ObjectiveThis review aims to comprehensively introduce current knowledge of the gut mucosal immune system, focusing on its interaction with commensal bacteria.ResultsThe gut mucosal immune network includes gut‐associated lymphoid tissue, mucosal immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines. The connection between microbiota and the immune system occurs through the engagement of bacterial components with pattern recognition receptors found in the intestinal epithelium and antigen‐presenting cells. This interaction leads to the activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The interaction between the microbial community and the host is vital for maintaining the balance and health of the host's mucosal system.ConclusionThe gut mucosal immune network maintains a delicate equilibrium between active immunity, which defends against infections and damaging non‐self antigens, and immunological tolerance, which allows for the presence of commensal microbiota and dietary antigens. This balance is crucial for the maintenance of intestinal health and homeostasis. Disturbance of gut homeostasis leads to enduring or severe gastrointestinal ailments, such as colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Utilizing these factors can aid in the development of cutting‐edge mucosal vaccines that have the ability to elicit strong protective immune responses at the primary sites of pathogen invasion.
Clinical characteristics, risk factor analysis and peripheral blood cell changes for early warning of multidrug‐resistant bacteria (MDR) infection in elderly patients
Authors: Nie Yalan , Zeng Yulan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore peripheral blood indicators that may serve as early indicators for multidrug‐resistant bacteria (MDR) infections in this demographic, with the goal of providing reference suggestions for the clinical prevention of MDR infections in elderly inpatients.MethodsClinical data of patients were divided into the MDR‐infected group (n = 488) and the MDR‐uninfected group (n = 233) according to the results of drug sensitivity experiments, risk factors for MDR infection, and peripheral blood indicators related to MDR infections were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression in conjunction with the construction of a Chi‐squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) decision tree model, considering statistical significance atp < .05.ResultsOf 721 patients, 488 multidrug‐resistant strains were identified. Among them, withStaphylococcusspp. the most prevalent in 148 strains. The most frequent detection of MDR occurred in puncture fluid samples (167 cases). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses revealed that prolonged hospitalization, use of antibiotics preadmission, duration of antibiotics, invasive procedures or recent surgery, and coexisting lung disease were independent risk factors for contracting MDR. Subsequent analysis comparing the aforementioned influences with peripheral blood cells revealed associations between the number of antibiotic treatment days and increased neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet count‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophils, decreased lymphocytes, and increased eosinophils; preadmission antibiotic use correlated with increased PLR, NLR, neutrophils, and decreased lymphocytes; and invasive manipulation or surgery correlated with increased PLR and NLR.ConclusionsElevated NLR, PLR, neutrophils, lowered lymphocytes, and eosinophils may serve as early indicators of MDR infections in elderly hospitalized patients.
From pancreas to lungs: The role of immune cells in severe acute pancreatitis and acute lung injury
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhu Xiaomei , Guo Shubin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a potentially lethal inflammatory pancreatitis condition that is usually linked to multiple organ failure. When it comes to SAP, the lung is the main organ that is frequently involved. Many SAP patients experience respiratory failure following an acute lung injury (ALI). Clinicians provide insufficient care for compounded ALI since the underlying pathophysiology is unknown. The mortality rate of SAP patients is severely impacted by it.ObjectiveThe study aims to provide insight into immune cells, specifically their roles and modifications during SAP and ALI, through a comprehensive literature review. The emphasis is on immune cells as a therapeutic approach for treating SAP and ALI.FindingsImmune cells play an important role in the complicated pathophysiology ofSAP and ALI by maintaining the right balance of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses. Immunomodulatory drugs now in the market have low thepeutic efficacy because they selectively target one immune cell while ignoring immune cell interactions. Accurate management of dysregulated immune responses is necessary. A critical initial step is precisely characterizing the activity of the immune cells during SAP and ALI.ConclusionGiven the increasing incidence of SAP, immunotherapy is emerging as a potential treatment option for these patients. Interactions among immune cells improve our understanding of the intricacy of concurrent ALI in SAP patients. Acquiring expertise in these domains will stimulate the development of innovative immunomodulation therapies that will improve the outlook for patients with SAP and ALI.
Prospective evaluation of quantitative response parameter in patients with Gastrointestinal Stroma Tumor undergoing tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy—Impact on clinical outcome
Authors: Meyer Mathias , Ota Hideki , Messiou Christina , Benson Charlotte , Henzler Thomas , Mattonen Sarah A. , Marin Daniele , Bartsch Anna , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Riedel Richard F. , Hohenberger Peter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine if dual‐energy CT (DECT) vital iodine tumor burden (ViTB), a direct assessment of tumor vascularity, allows reliable response assessment in patients with GIST compared to established CT criteria such as RECIST1.1 and modified Choi (mChoi). From 03/2014 to 12/2019, 138 patients (64 years [32–94 years]) with biopsy proven GIST were entered in this prospective, multi‐center trial. All patients were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and underwent pre‐treatment and follow‐up DECT examinations for a minimum of 24 months. Response assessment was performed according to RECIST1.1, mChoi, vascular tumor burden (VTB) and DECT ViTB. A change in therapy management could be because of imaging (RECIST1.1 or mChoi) and/or clinical progression. The DECT ViTB criteria had the highest discrimination ability for progression‐free survival (PFS) of all criteria in both first line and second line and thereafter treatment, and was significantly superior to RECIST1.1 and mChoi (p < .034). Both, the mChoi and DECT ViTB criteria demonstrated a significantly early median time‐to‐progression (both delta 2.5 months; both p < .036). Multivariable analysis revealed 6 variables associated with shorter overall survival: secondary mutation (HR = 4.62), polymetastatic disease (HR = 3.02), metastatic second line and thereafter treatment (HR = 2.33), shorter PFS determined by the DECT ViTB criteria (HR = 1.72), multiple organ metastases (HR = 1.51) and lower age (HR = 1.04). DECT ViTB is a reliable response criteria and provides additional value for assessing TKI treatment in GIST patients. A significant superior response discrimination ability for median PFS was observed, including non‐responders at first follow‐up and patients developing resistance while on therapy.
Associations between diet and nutritional supplements and colorectal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Tajadod Shirin , Majidi Nazanin , Aghakhaninejad Zohreh , Mahmoudi Zahra , Mousavi Zahra , Amjadi Arezoo , Alami Farkhondeh , Torkaman Mahdie , Saeedirad Zahra , Doaei Saeid , Shafaei Hanieh , Kalantari Naser 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers around the world. The link between nutrients and the likelihood of developing CRC remains uncertain. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the potential connection between dietary intake/dietary supplements and the occurrence of CRC through a literature review.MethodsA comprehensive online search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from January 1990 to March 2023 using appropriate keywords. A systematic search was conducted for clinical trials and cohort studies in order to determine the relationship between dietary components/supplements and CRC.ResultsThe intake of long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LCPUFAs), consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has the potential to decrease the likelihood of developing CRC (eight studies found positive effects and four studies found no association). Some other dietary components such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may contribute to suppressing CRC development (three studies found positive effects, whereas three studies did not find any association). There is inconclusive evidence that supplementation with certain micronutrients including vitamin D (one trial found positive effects and another trial reported no association), folate, zinc, and selenium may reduce the risk of CRC.ConclusionSome dietary supplements such as n‐3 LCPUFAs and probiotics have the potential to reduce the risk of developing CRC. Further studies are necessary to validate these results and understand the underlying mechanisms.
Innovative concepts in diet therapies in disorders of gut–brain interaction
Authors: So Daniel , Tuck Caroline 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiet therapy in disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) is rapidly advancing, with accumulating evidence to support two innovative therapies—manipulation of dietary fibers and enzyme supplementation—that target specific DGBI pathophysiology and modulate digestion. Dietary fibers escape digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and can influence gut function by impacting digestion, improving laxation, and interacting with the microbiota. A more nuanced understanding of different fiber types and their ability to impact gut function in highly specific ways has shown that fibers can impact distinct gut symptoms and pathophysiology. By considering their functional characteristics of bulking, gel‐forming, and fermentability, restriction or supplementation of specific fibers can offer clinical value in DGBI. Similarly to fiber specificity, emerging evidence suggests that supplemental digestive enzymes may be targeted to known food triggers with consideration that enzymes are substrate specific. Limited evidence supports use of lactase to target lactose, and α‐galactosidase to target galacto‐oligosaccharides. Application of enzymes during manufacturing of food products may prove to be an additional strategy, although evidence is scant. Both innovative therapies may be utilized in isolation or in combination with other diet and nondiet therapies. Implementation can be guided by the principles that fiber modulation can be targeted to specific symptomology or requirement for alterations to gut function, and digestive enzymes can be targeted to known food triggers. This review aims to summarize recent literature of these two innovative concepts and provide practical suggestions for their implementation in clinical practice.
Investigating the corrosion behavior of as‐cast Mg‐Zn‐Ca alloys with the same Zn/Ca atomic ratio by in situ observation
Authors: Tian Ye , Shao Yixuan , Yu Qianqian , Guo Shilei , Dang Ruofei , Du Yiming , Zhu Guanhong , Lyu Shaoyuan , Chen Minfang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe alloying contents with the same Zn/Ca atomic ratio of 0.13 on the corrosion behavior of Mg‐Zn‐Ca (ZX) alloys were investigated. The second phases in ZX10, ZX20, ZX30, and ZX51 alloys were identical with a majority of Mg2Ca and very few Ca2Mg6Zn3 and their distribution changed from isolated to continuous state in ZX30 and ZX51. ZX10 had the lowest corrosion rate of 0.55 mm/year after 168 h immersion in simulated body fluid solution due to the smallest number of sites of galvanic corrosion. The corrosion rate of ZX30 alloy was the highest (0.72 mm/year), while though ZX51 alloy had the most Mg2Ca, its corrosion rate was reduced to 0.69 mm/year, resulting from the small size and thin Mg2Ca. In situ microstructure observation demonstrated the high fraction Mg2Ca phase and continuous Mg2Ca with bulky size were the main reason for the fast corrosion rate.
Hybrid polymer nanocomposites with tailored band gaps and UV absorption for advanced applications in optoelectronics and UV protection
Authors: Kavitha C. M. , Eshwarappa K. M. , Shilpa M. P. , Shetty Shivakumar Jagadish , Gurumurthy S. C. , Kiran K. U. , Shet Sachin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHerein we report the method to tailor the band gap and UV absorption of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO)‐silver (Ag)/glutaraldehyde (GA) hybrid polymer nanocomposites. The modifications brought by neutron irradiation to the optical and dielectric characteristics enabled the band gap and UV absorption‐tailored polymer nanocomposites to be obtained. Neutron‐irradiated samples, compared with their unirradiated counterparts, exhibit a reduction in transmittance to 78%, rendering them opaque to UV–visible light after irradiation. The energy band gap decreases from 5.25 to 4.09 eV upon irradiation. Furthermore, upon neutron‐irradiation the relaxation time increases from 7.63 × 10−4 to 0.02 s which is evident by the shift in electric modulus imaginary part (M") peak to a lower frequency region, indicating an increase in relaxation time. The Cole–Cole plot for irradiated samples demonstrates lower fitting parameter (α) values of the modified Havriliak–Negami function, indicating a departure from pure capacitor‐like behavior. The neutron irradiation leads to a decrease in conductivity from 44.6 × 10−7 to 0.09 × 10−7 S/cm.
Multiregion exome sequencing indicates a monoclonal origin of esophageal spindle‐cell squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yulu , Zhu Qian , Wu Yaqing , Li Boyi , Su Xiaoxing , Xiang Chan , Han Yuchen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEsophageal spindle‐cell squamous cell carcinoma (ESS) is a rare biphasic neoplasm composed of a carcinomatous component (CaC) and a sarcomatous component (SaC). However, the genomic origin and gene signature of ESS remain unclear. Using whole‐exome sequencing of laser‐capture microdissection (LCM) tumor samples, we determined that CaC and SaC showed high mutational commonality, with the same top high‐frequency mutant genes, mutation signatures, and tumor mutation burden; paired samples shared a median of 25.5% mutation sites. Focal gains were found on chromosomes 3q29, 5p15.33, and 11q13.3. Altered genes were mainly enriched in the RTK–RAS signaling pathway. Phylogenetic trees showed a monoclonal origin of ESS. The most frequently mutated oncogene in the trunk was TP53, followed by NFE2L2, KMT2D, and MUC16. Prognostic associations were found for CDC27, LRP2, APC, and SNAPC4. Our data highlight the monoclonal origin of ESS with TP53 as a potent driver oncogene, suggesting new targeted therapies and immunotherapies as treatment options. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Analysis of supply and demand for sports medicine fellowship training: 2012–2022
Authors: Silvestre Jason , Slone Harris S. , Kelly John D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe recruitment of high‐quality applicants is critical to the vitality of the sports medicine physician workforce.ObjectiveTo analyze changes in the total number of available training positions, applicants, and unfilled training positions in the Sports Medicine Match from 2012 to 2022.DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study of sports medicine fellowship applicants.SettingAccreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education‐accredited sports medicine fellowship training programs.ParticipantsA total of 3763 individuals applying for sports medicine fellowship training from 2012 to 2022.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresAnnual number of applicants, training positions, and number of unfilled training positions.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2022, the annual number of training positions in sports medicine increased from 177 to 353 (99% increase, p < .001) while the annual number of applicants increased from 256 to 428 (67% increase, p < .001). The annual applicant‐to‐training position ratio decreased (1.4 to 1.2, p < .001). Annual match rates increased for both U.S. MD graduates (64% to 86%, p < .001) and non‐U.S. MD graduates (64% to 77%, p < .001). U.S. MD graduates had higher match rates than non‐U.S. MD graduates in 2021 (79% vs 70%, p < .05) and 2022 (86% vs 77%, p < .05). The percentage of applicants who matched at their first (36%–36%, p > .05), second (14%–15%, p > .05), and third (9%–8%, p > .05) ranked programs did not change. The percentage of applicants who did not match decreased (33%–19%, p < .001). The percentage of available fellowship training positions that went unfilled decreased (8%–2%, p < .001).ConclusionsInterest in sports medicine fellowship training is increasing as evidenced by an increasing number of applications and decreasing rate of unfilled training positions. Continued monitoring of future match cycles is important given projected shortages in the physician workforce.
Diffuse pleural metastasis from atypical meningioma
Authors: Devasia Alma Rose , Krishnan Surya , Krishna S. Swathi , Perathur Aravind , Yesodharan Jyotsna , Pavithran Keechilat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMeningioma is the most common benign primary brain tumour and does not usually metastasise. We report the case of a 69‐year‐old male patient with a history of meningioma who presented respiratory symptoms. He was found to have diffuse pleural metastasis from meningioma, which occurred 10 years after surgical management of recurrent meningioma. This case study provides insights into the clinical profile, workup and management of metastatic meningioma.