bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased SCF/c‐kit by hypoxia promotes autophagy of human placental chorionic plate‐derived mesenchymal stem cells via regulating the phosphorylation of mTOR
Authors: Lee Youjin , Jung Jieun , Cho Kyung Jin , Lee Seoung‐Kwan , Park Jong‐Wan , Oh IL‐Hoan , Kim Gi Jin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHypoxia triggers physiological and pathological cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and death, in several cell types. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from various tissues have self‐renewal activity and can differentiate towards multiple lineages. Recently, it has been reported that hypoxic conditions tip the balance between survival and death by hypoxia‐induced autophagy, although the underlying mechanism is not clear. The objectives of this study are to compare the effect of hypoxia on the self‐renewal of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) and placental chorionic plate‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (CP‐MSCs) and to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of self‐renewal in each MSC type during hypoxia. The expression of self‐renewal markers (e.g., Oct4, Nanog, Sox2) was assessed in both cell lines. PI3K and stem cell factor (SCF) expression gradually increased in CP‐MSCs but were markedly downregulated in BM‐MSCs by hypoxia. The phosphorylation of ERK and mTOR was augmented by hypoxia in CP‐MSCs compared to control. Also, the expression of LC3 II, a component of the autophagosome and the hoof‐shaped autophagosome was detected more rapidly in CP‐MSCs than in BM‐MSCs under hypoxia. Hypoxia induced the expression of SCF in CP‐MSCs and increased SCF/c‐kit pathway promotes the self‐renewal activities of CP‐MSCs via an autocrine/paracrine mechanism that balances cell survival and cell death events by autophagy. These activities occur to a greater extent in CP‐MSCs than in BM‐MSCs through regulating the phosphorylation of mTOR. These findings will provide useful guidelines for better understanding the function of SCF/c‐kit in the self‐renewal and autophagy‐regulated mechanisms that promote of MSC survival. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 79–88, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal recovery from a fractured medium in local thermal non‐equilibrium
Authors: Gelet Rachel , Loret Benjamin , Khalili Nasser 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThermal recovery from a hot dry rock (HDR) reservoir viewed as a deformable fractured medium is investigated with a focus on the assumption of local thermal non‐equilibrium (LTNE).Hydraulic diffusion, thermal diffusion, forced convection and deformation are considered in a two‐phase framework, the solid phase being made by impermeable solid blocks separated by saturated fractures. The finite element approximation of the constitutive and field equations is formulated and applied to obtain the response of a generic HDR reservoir to circulation tests. A change of time profile of the outlet fluid temperature is observed as the fracture spacing increases, switching from a single‐step pattern to a double‐step pattern, a feature which is viewed as characteristic of established LTNE. A dimensionless number is proposed to delineate between local thermal equilibrium (LTE) and non‐equilibrium. This number embodies local physical properties of the mixture, elements of the geometry of the reservoir and the production flow rate. All the above properties being fixed, the resulting fracture spacing threshold between LTNE and LTE is found to decrease with increasing porosity or fluid velocity. The thermally induced effective stress is tensile near the injection well, illustrating the thermal contraction of the rock, while the pressure contribution of the fracture fluid is negligible during the late period. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetic energy spectra characteristics of two convection‐permitting limited‐area models AROME and Meso‐NH
Authors: Ricard D. , Lac C. , Riette S. , Legrand R. , Mary A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractKinetic energy (KE) spectra are applied to evaluate two convection‐permitting models: the AROME numerical weather prediction operational model and the Meso‐NH research model, that share the same physics and differ only in the dynamics (semi‐Lagrangian semi‐implicit versus Eulerian explicit schemes).A first analysis of AROME spectra for winter and summer seasons shows that the model‐derived spectra match the observational spectra well, including the transition between k−3 and k−5/3 regimes. The vertical distribution of the spectra is coherent with previous observational and numerical studies and the diurnal cycle has a strong impact on the amount of KE in the mesoscale during summer.A comparative analysis of KE spectra for both models is then performed on a real case of individual convective cells that developed over plains, during the afternoon of 11 April 2007, characterized by a strong cold air outflow in the low levels.AROME spectra are characterized by a coarser effective resolution than Meso‐NH, even without explicit diffusion, revealing the impact of the implicit diffusion of the semi‐implicit semi‐Lagrangian scheme used in AROME. For large time steps, the damping increases and can be attributed preferentially to the SI part of the SISL (semi‐implicit semi‐Lagrangian) formulation. Adiabatic runs show that the transition to a shallow mesoscale regime is still apparent even if the mesoscale KE variance strongly depends on the presence of the physical processes.Effective resolution of Meso‐NH remains around 4–6Δx for horizontal grid spacings between 2.5 km and 250 m. The effects of subgrid mixing schemes are also investigated with Meso‐NH at 500 m horizontal grid spacing in the grey zone for turbulence, illustrating the difficulty in finding a good equilibrium between resolved and subgrid mixing at this scale.
Effects of the cold tongue in the South China Sea on the monsoon, diurnal cycle and rainfall in the Maritime Continent
Authors: Koseki Shunya , Koh Tieh‐Yong , Teo Chee‐Kiat 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe investigate the effects of the cold tongue in the South China Sea (SCS) on the winter monsoon, rainfall and diurnal cycle in the maritime continent using a numerical model verified with satellite rainfall and reanalysis data. Composite analysis of the observation and reanalysis data based on cold tongue index indicates that the penetration of the monsoon to Java Sea is enhanced when the cold tongue is strong. A sensitivity experiment without the cold tongue shows that the winter monsoon is diminished over SCS and around coastal regions because of anomalous low‐level cyclonic circulation associated with enhanced convection over SCS due to the warmer sea surface temperature (SST). The diurnal cycle, in particular the night–morning rainfall, over the sea in coastal regions is modified. The effect on daytime rainfall over the land is relatively weaker. Along the northern coast of Java far from the SCS, the night–morning rainfall is much reduced over the Java Sea when the cold tongue is suppressed because of the weakened land‐breeze front as a result of the weakened northerly monsoon. In contrast, the afternoon–evening rainfall on Java Island is slightly enhanced, showing that the local impacts are not simply the result of large‐scale subsidence from the convective anomaly in the SCS. Along the northwestern coast of Borneo adjacent to the SCS, the weakened winter monsoon tends to reduce the rainfall at the land‐breeze front near the coastline. On the other hand, the warmer SST forces a stronger land breeze and the weakened monsoon encourages further and faster offshore propagation of the land‐breeze front. Consequently, the rainfall peak shifts further offshore in the sensitivity experiment. We conclude that the cold tongue has two effects, the sustenance of a strong monsoon (indirect effect) and the cooling of local SST (direct effect), which have opposite influences on the diurnal cycle in the Maritime Continent.
Understanding advances in the simulation of intraseasonal variability in the ECMWF model. Part II: The application of process‐based diagnostics
Authors: Hirons L. C. , Inness P. , Vitart F. , Bechtold P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn Part I of this study it was shown that moving from a moisture‐convergent‐ to a relative‐humidity‐dependent organized entrainment rate in the formulation for deep convection was responsible for significant advances in the simulation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) in the ECMWF model. However, the application of traditional MJO diagnostics were not adequate to understand why changing the control on convection had such a pronounced impact on the representation of the MJO.In this study a set of process‐based diagnostics are applied to the hindcast experiments described in Part I to identify the physical mechanisms responsible for the advances in MJO simulation. Increasing the sensitivity of the deep convection scheme to environmental moisture is shown to modify the relationship between precipitation and moisture in the model. Through dry‐air entrainment, convective plumes ascending in low‐humidity environments terminate lower in the atmosphere. As a result, there is an increase in the occurrence of cumulus congestus, which acts to moisten the mid troposphere. Due to the modified precipitation–moisture relationship more moisture is able to build up, which effectively preconditions the tropical atmosphere for the transition to deep convection. Results from this study suggest that a tropospheric moisture control on convection is key to simulating the interaction between the convective heating and the large‐scale wave forcing associated with the MJO.
Improved delay‐dependent stabilization of time‐delay systems with actuator saturation
Authors: Dey Rajeeb , Ghosh Sandip , Ray Goshaidas , Rakshit Anjan 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the controller synthesis problem of linear time‐delay systems subjected to saturating control. Delay‐dependent regional stabilization criteria are derived based on Lyapunov–Krasovskii approach by using both the polytopic or dead‐zone representation of the saturation function. The main contribution of the paper lies in developing less conservative convex criterion in terms of LMIs to obtain superior results. On the basis of the derived stabilization criterion, an optimization problem is defined to compute the stabilizing state feedback gains with an aim to maximize the stabilizing region while guaranteeing the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system. Considering three numerical examples, an assessment of the polytopic and dead‐zone nonlinearity approaches is made. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase I study of pulsatile 3-day administration of afatinib (BIBW 2992) in combination with docetaxel in advanced solid tumors
Authors: Awada A. H. , Dumez H. , Hendlisz A. , Wolter P. , Besse-Hammer T. , Uttenreuther-Fischer M. , Stopfer P. , Fleischer F. , Piccart M. , Schöffski P. 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Background A phase I study to assess the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a short course of afatinib in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of solid tumors. Methods Patients with advanced solid malignancies received docetaxel 75 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 and oral afatinib once daily on days 2–4, in 3-week treatment cycles. The afatinib dose was escalated in successive cohorts of 3–6 patients until dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). The MTD cohort was expanded to 13 patients. Pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed. Results Forty patients were treated. Afatinib doses were escalated to 160 mg/day in combination with 75 mg/m2 docetaxel. Three patients had drug-related DLTs during cycle 1. The MTD was defined as 90 mg/day afatinib (days 2–4) with docetaxel 75 mg/m2. The most frequent drug-related adverse events (all grades) were alopecia, diarrhea, stomatitis (all 50 %) and rash (40 %, all grade ≤2). Three patients had confirmed responses, two patients had unconfirmed responses and nine patients had durable stable disease >6 cycles. No pharmacokinetic interaction was observed. Conclusion Afatinib 90 mg administered for 3 days after docetaxel 75 mg/m2 is the MTD for this treatment schedule and the recommended phase II/phase III dose. This combination showed anti-tumor activity in phase I, with a manageable adverse-event profile.
Distribution and abundance of foliage‐arthropods across elevational gradients in the east and west Himalayas
Authors: Ghosh‐Harihar Mousumi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractElevational gradients are ideal for studying geographic variation in the distribution and abundance of organisms corresponding to predictable variation in climatic factors. This study provides a broad‐scale assessment of variation in distribution patterns of foliage‐dwelling arthropod orders along elevational gradients located across an extensive precipitation gradient in the Himalayas. Relative abundances of foliage‐dwelling arthropods were estimated from 16 sites during the summer months. Abundances declined significantly from east to west and peaked at intermediate elevations along elevational gradients, corresponding with trends in climatic variables.
Microtitration of Free Fatty Acids in Oil and Biodiesel Samples Using Absorbance and/or Fluorescence of Pyranine
Authors: Fedosov Sergey N. , Brask Jesper , Xu Xuebing 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFree fatty acids (FFA) are measured before alkaline transesterification of oil and when testing quality of the produced biodiesel. Titration of FFA is usually monitored on a potentiometer (EN 14104 and ASTM D 664 methods) or employing the indicator phenolphthalein (AOCS Cd 3d‐63). Both procedures have some disadvantages including relatively large sample masses (2–20 g), elaborate maintenance of the electrode, subjective observation of the color transition, etc. Here we describe a microtitration method based on absorbance/fluorescence of pyranine (aqueous pK 7.3). All reactants were dissolved in a medium with universal solubility, which allowed accurate optical measurements. FFA standards and test samples (5–150 mg) were titrated on standard equipment, and the sigmoid titration curves were produced. The upper bend of each sigmoid corresponded to neutralization of FFA. Fluorescence of pyranine had better “signal to noise” characteristics than absorbance when working with heavily pigmented oil samples. Blind examination of different experimental mixtures (FFA = 0.15–40 %) revealed a close correspondence between the pyranine method and two other established procedures (EN 14104 and a variant of AOCS Cd 3d‐63).
Film‐Forming Properties of Blends of High‐Oleic Sunflower Oil with Polyalkyl Glycol
Authors: Bantchev Grigor B. , Biresaw Girma 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe viscosity, density, and elastohydrodynamic film thicknesses of oil‐soluble polyalkyl glycols (PAG), high oleic sunflower oil (HOSuO), and their 50/50 (wt.%) blends were investigated. The viscosity and density of the blends were found to be predictable from the corresponding neat oil properties using simple mixing rules. Pressure–viscosity coefficients (PVC) of HOSuO, the two PAGs, and the two 50 wt% HOSuO/50 wt% PAG blends were calculated from measured film thickness data using the Hamrock‐Dowson method and compared to values estimated from literature data. Literature pressure‐density and viscosity‐temperature data for oils with high‐oleic acid group content were analyzed using the Tait and Casalini et al. models. Viscosity versus pressure data obtained from these analyses was used to calculate PVC using the Barus and Bair et al. models. The PVC values calculated from the literature data following this procedure showed reasonable agreement with that from film thickness data from this work.
Solid Fat Content as a Substitute for Total Polar Compound Analysis in Edible Oils
Authors: Bakota Erica L. , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Palmquist Debra E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe solid fat contents (SFC) of heated edible oil samples were measured and found to correlate positively with total polar compounds (TPC) and inversely with triglyceride concentration. Traditional methods for determination of TPC require a laboratory setting and are time and solvent intensive. Therefore, SFC analysis represents a viable user‐friendly alternative to measuring total polar components in environments where low‐resolution NMR may already be in use, for example, in quality assurance environments. The slope of SFC measurements versus time was also found to correlate with the oxidative stability index of the edible oils studied.
Trigonella foenum‐graecum L. Seed Oil Obtained by Supercritical CO2 Extraction
Authors: Yang Renming , Wang Honglun , Jing Nianhua , Ding Chenxu , Suo Yourui , You Jinmao 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSupercritical CO2 extraction (SC‐CO2) of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.) seed oil and its chemical composition and antioxidant activity were investigated. A central composite design combined with response surface methodology was used to study extraction conditions including pressure, temperature, and time. The optimum extraction conditions were 28.5 MPa extraction pressure, 41 °C extraction temperature, and 118 min extraction time, where 3.78 % yield was predicted. Fenugreek seed oil extracted under optimum conditions by SC‐CO2 was mainly composed of 28.3 % C18:3, 33.45 % C18:2, 9.89 % C16, 8.1 % C18:1, 3.7 % C18, 0.71 % C20, and 0.61 % C22. The fenugreek oil was rich in unsaturated fatty acids (nearly 70 % of the total fatty acids), and polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for 61.42 % (mass percentage) of the total amount. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging activity increased from 12.5 to 88.4 % when the concentration was increased from 1 to 12 mg/ml. The reducing power of the seed oil was concentration‐dependent. The antioxidant activity of the supercritical fluid extraction extract was superior to those obtained by Soxhlet extraction.
Pre-cachexia and cachexia at diagnosis of stage III non-small-cell lung carcinoma: an exploratory study comparing two consensus-based frameworks
Authors: van der Meij Barbara S. , Schoonbeek Coline P. , Smit Egbert F. , Muscaritoli Maurizio , van Leeuwen Paul A. M. , Langius Jacqueline A. E. 
Published: November 2012

Despite the development of consensus-based frameworks to define cancer cachexia, the validity and usefulness of these frameworks are relatively unknown. The aim of the present study was to study the presence of pre-cachexia and cachexia in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) by using a cancer-specific framework and a general framework for cachexia, and to explore the prognostic value of pre-cachexia and cachexia. In forty patients at diagnosis of stage III NSCLC, weight loss, fat-free mass, handgrip strength, anorexia and serum biochemistry, assessed before the first chemotherapy, were used to define ‘cancer cachexia’ or ‘cachexia’. The cancer-specific framework also classified for pre-cachexia and refractory cachexia. Additionally, quality of life was assessed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer – Quality of Life Questionnaire C30. Groups were compared using independent t tests, ANOVA, Kaplan–Meier and Cox survival analyses. Based on the cancer-specific framework, pre-cachexia was present in nine patients (23 %) and cancer cachexia was present in seven patients (18 %). Cancer cachexia was associated with a reduced quality of life (P= 0·03) and shorter survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 2·9; P= 0·04). When using the general framework, cachexia was present in eleven patients (28 %), and was associated with a reduced quality of life (P= 0·08) and shorter survival (HR = 4·4; P= 0·001). In conclusion, pre-cachexia and cachexia are prevalent in this small population of patients at diagnosis of stage III NSCLC. For both frameworks, cachexia appears to be associated with a reduced quality of life and shorter survival. Further studies are warranted to more extensively explore the validity and prognostic value of these new frameworks in cancer patients.
Diet-induced antisecretory factor prevents intracranial hypertension in a dosage-dependent manner
Authors: Johansson Ewa , Al-Olama Mohamed , Hansson Hans-Arne , Lange Stefan , Jennische Eva 
Published: November 2012

Intake of specially processed cereal (SPC) stimulates endogenous antisecretory factor (AF) activity, and SPC intake has proven to be beneficial for a number of clinical conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dosage relationship between SPC intake and plasma AF activity and to further correlate achieved AF levels to a biological effect. SPC was fed to rats in concentrations of 5, 10 or 15 % for 2 weeks. A further group was fed 5 % SPC for 4 weeks. AF activity and the complement factors C3c and factor H were analysed in plasma after the feeding period. Groups of rats fed the various SPC concentrations were subjected to a standardised freezing brain injury, known to induce increases in intracranial pressure (ICP). The AF activity in plasma increased after intake of SPC, in a dosage- and time-dependent manner. The complement factors C3c and factor H increased in a time-dependent manner. Measurements of ICP in animals fed with SPC prior to the brain injury showed that the ICP was significantly lower, compared with that of injured rats fed with a standard feed, and that the change was dose and time dependent. AF activity increases, in a dosage- and time-dependent manner, after intake of SPC. The inverse relationship between ICP after a head injury and the percentage of SPC in the feed indicate that the protective effect is, to a large extent, due to AF.
A set of silver dental instruments from the New Milton Collection
Authors: Longfield-Jones G. M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis short paper studies a set of ten silver instruments belonging to the New Milton Collection, which are believed to be dental and of Roman date. A brief history of the set is given, also a description of each instrument together with suggested name and function, based upon the accounts of dental procedures recorded in classical medical texts. In an attempt to determine the antiquity of the set, results of non-destructive tests upon two of the instruments are compared with those of metal artefacts of authenticated date. In addition, stylistic comparisions are made with ancient instruments in museum collections, and representations of instruments upon ancient stelae and in medical manuscripts.
Illness and amputation in the eighteenth century: the case of Sir James Lowther (1673–1755)
Authors: Beckett J. V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSir james Lowther of Whitehaven (1673–1755) suffered from gout, and eventually had his right leg amputated in 1750. He also experienced other serious illnesses. Surviving correspondence between Lowther, in London, and his Whitehaven steward, contain graphic accounts of his health, particularly the serious illness and amputation of 1750. From these letters, and a document surviving in the British Museum describing an attack of erysipelis in 1742, a short, documentary account of Lowther's medical history has been compiled. If for no other reason, he deserves to be remembered for surviving an amputation without anaesthetic, at the age of seventy-seven.
Further information on the prehistoric representations of human hands in the cave of Gargas
Authors: Hooper Alex 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper amends and adds recent information to Paul A. Janssens' earlier article on the prehistoric paintings of human hands in the cave of Gargas, France. Possible diagnoses for the deficiencies found in many of the hand pictures, and some non-medical theories of explanation, are reviewed. It is concluded that the hands used as stencils were mutilated and that the images were deliberately placed within the cave and were not the by-products of some other activity.