bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of plasma wakefield generation by a Laguerre-Gaussian laser beam in laser-plasma accelerators with external injection
Authors: Abedi-Varaki Mehdi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive modeling of wakefield generation through external injection utilizing a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) laser beam in a bubble/blowout regime. The wakefield dynamics are simulated in two dimensions using the particle-in-cell (2D-PIC) method via Wake-T tool, aiming to investigate the underlying mechanisms and characteristics of this process. The simulation results provide insights into the behavior of electrons within the wakefield, their acceleration, phase spaces of the electron beam, velocity distribution, and longitudinal and transversal profiles of the laser electric field in the plasma. The presented model serves as a valuable tool for further investigations into wakefield generation with external injection using LG laser beams, facilitating advancements in this field of study.
Simulating thermodynamic properties of dinuclear metal complexes using Variational Quantum Algorithms
Authors: das Neves Silva Ana Clara , Queiroz Galvão Lucas , Cruz Clebson 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the use of variational quantum algorithms for simulating the thermodynamic properties of dinuclear metal complexes. Our study highlights the potential of quantum computing to transform advanced simulations and provide insights into the physical behavior of quantum systems. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of variational quantum algorithms in simulating thermal states and exploring the thermodynamic properties of low-dimensional molecular magnetic systems. The findings from this research contribute to broadening our understanding of quantum systems and pave the way for future advancements in materials science through quantum computing.
Bistability-assisted mechanical squeezing and entanglement
Authors: Agasti Souvik , Djorwé P 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Based on a scheme proposed to experience the dynamical Casimir effect in optomechanical systems, we show how to squeeze mechanical motion and entangle the optical field with mechanical motion in an optomechanical system containing a parametric amplification. The scheme is based on optical bistability which emerges in the system for a strong enough driving field. By considering the steady state’s lower branch of the bistability, the system shows weak entanglement and almost no mechanical squeezing. When the steady state is on the upper branch of the bistable shape, both squeezing and entanglement are greatly enhanced. Specifically, the entanglement shows three degrees of magnitude enhancement. However, this giant entanglement is fragile against decoherence and thermal fluctuation. Regarding the mechanical squeezing, it reaches the standard quantum limit (SQL) in the upper branch of the bistability. Our proposal provides a way to improve quantum effects in optomechanical systems by taking advantage of nonlinearities. This scheme can be realized in similar systems such as superconducting microwave, and hybrid optomechanical systems.
An in-depth analysis of the optical and radiation shielding characteristics of PbF2-MoO3-Bi2O3-B2O3 glasses
Authors: Chandra Sekhar K , Saddeek Yasser B , Aly K A , Laxman Naik J , Albedah M A , Hanafy Hassan , Shareefuddin Md 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the optical and radiation shielding characteristics of different glass systems, such as PbF2, MoO3, Bi2O3, and B2O3, with varied concentrations of PbF2. The glass samples were manufactured by a melt quenching technique, with a composition of 20 Bi2O3—10 MoO3 - (70-x) B2O3-x PbF2, where x is a value between 0 and 20 mol%. The optical properties were evaluated using UV–vis spectrophotometry, while the radiation shielding parameters were calculated using Phy-X/PSD software. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) at 0.015 MeV exhibited an increase from 34.101 to 54.190 cm2 g−1 as the quantity of PbF2 rose. At an energy of 15.0 keV, the effective atomic number (Zeff) increased from 74.11 to 76.63, while the half-value layer (HVL) decreased from 0.00263 cm to 0.00188 cm. The values of the optical band gap (Eg) ranged from 2.577 to 2.105 eV, showing a decrease as the PbF2 content rose. The study shows that these glass structures can be utilized in advanced technological applications that demand higher optical and radiation shielding properties, thanks to their improved characteristics with increasing PbF2 content.
Evolution of the DM distribution function in the density spikes around PBHs
Authors: Eroshenko Yu.N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
At the cosmological stage of radiation dominance, dark matter density spikes should form around primordial black holes. In the case when dark matter particles are able to annihilate, the density in the central regions of the spikes decreases due to the elimination of particles, which gives an upper bound on the central density. In this paper, the modification of the central density profile is investigated, taking into account the distribution of the particle orbits. The orbits in spike around a primordial black hole are very elongated, almost radial, and the angular momentum distribution has an exponential form. For such an initial distribution function, it is obtained that a cusp with the exponent ≈-0.7 is formed in the central region, instead of an annihilation plateau. The presence of the cusp provides some correction to the rate of dark matter annihilation around primordial black holes.
Sliding into DM: determining the local dark matter density and speed distribution using only the local circular speed of the galaxy
Authors: Staudt Patrick G. , Bullock James S. , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Kirkby David , Wetzel Andrew , Ou Xiaowei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We use FIRE-2 zoom simulations of Milky Way size disk galaxies to derive easy-to-use relationships between the observed circular speed of the Galaxy at the Solar location, v
c, and dark matter properties of relevance for direct detection experiments: the dark matter density, the dark matter velocity dispersion, and the speed distribution of dark matter particles near the Solar location. We find that both the local dark matter density and 3D velocity dispersion follow tight power laws with v
c. Using this relation together with the observed circular speed of the Milky Way at the Solar radius, we infer the local dark matter density and velocity dispersion near the Sun to be ρ = 0.42±0.06 GeV cm-3 and σ
3D = 280+19
-18 km s-1. We also find that the distribution of dark matter particle speeds is well-described by a modified Maxwellian with two shape parameters, both of which correlate with the observed v
c. We use that modified Maxwellian to predict the speed distribution of dark matter near the Sun and find that it peaks at a most probable speed of 257 km s-1 and begins to truncate sharply above 470 km s-1. This peak speed is somewhat higher than expected from the standard halo model, and the truncation occurs well below the formal escape speed to infinity, with fewer very-high-speed particles than assumed in the standard halo model.
Axion stars: mass functions and constraints
Authors: Chang Jae Hyeok , Fox Patrick J. , Xiao Huangyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe QCD axion and axion-like particles, as leading dark matter candidates, can also have interesting implications for dark matter substructures if the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is broken after inflation. In such a scenario, axion perturbations on small scales will lead to the formation of axion miniclusters at matter-radiation equality, and subsequently the formation of axion stars. Such compact objects open new windows for indirect searches for axions. We compute the axion star mass function based on recent axion minicluster studies and Bose star simulations. Applying this mass function, we find post-inflation axion-like particles with masses 1.8 × 10-21eV <ma< 3.3 × 10-17eV are constrained by the lack of dynamical heating of stars in ultrafaint dwarfs. We also find that current microlensing surveys are insensitive to QCD axion stars. While we focus on the gravitational detectability of axion stars, our result can be directly applied to other interesting signatures of axion stars, e.g. their decay to photons, that require as input the abundance, mass, and density distribution of axion stars.
Co-variability Between the Broad Absorption Lines and Narrow Absorption Lines
Authors: Qin 覃 Bo-Lin 柏霖 , Li 黎 Jing 静 , Lu 陆 Wei-Jian 伟坚 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate the relationship between the variability of broad absorption lines (BALs) or narrow absorption lines (NALs) and that of continuum using a data set of two-epoch SDSS spectra containing 134 C iv NAL-BAL pairs. Our analysis reveals an anti-correlation between the fractional equivalent width (EW) variations in NALs (or BALs) and the fractional flux variations of the continuum, with Spearman rank correlation coefficients of r = −0.47 (p = 1E-08) and r = −0.58 (p = 1E-13), respectively. In addition, we find a positive correlation between the fractional EW variations in NALs and BALs (r = 0.72, p = 1E-22), and derive a regression equation ΔEWNAL/〈EWNAL〉 = 0.803ΔEWBAL/〈EWBAL〉 + 0.008, with an intrinsic scatter of 0.14. These results suggest that the variability in the ionizing continuum may play a significant role in the observed changes in C iv NALs and BALs, supporting the idea of photoionization-driven variability. The co-variability between C iv NALs and BALs may imply that they originate from outflows with similar physical conditions.
The effect of shaping on trapped electron mode stability: an analytical model
Authors: Garbet X. , Donnel P. , De Gianni L. , Qu Z. , Melka Y. , Sarazin Y. , Grandgirard V. , Obrejan K. , Bourne E. , Dif-Pradalier G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A reduced model for trapped electron mode stability has been developed, which incorporates the basic effects of magnetic surface shaping, in particular, elongation and triangularity. This model shows that while elongation is stabilising, though weakly, negative triangularity usually leads to a more unstable plasma. This is in marked contrast with the experimental evidence of a better confinement at negative triangularity, and with recent gyrokinetic linear simulations. This paradox is solved when finite orbit and/or finite mode extent along field lines (mode ballooning) effects are included. These effects give more weight to particles trapped at low bounce angles, which are those that exhibit lower precession frequencies at negative—compared to positive—triangularity. As a result, the interchange growth rate becomes lower at negative triangularity and large temperature gradients, so that negative triangularity appears to have an overall stabilising effect. Mode ballooning appears to play the most important role in this reversal of stability.
Nonlinear MHD modeling of neon doped shattered pellet injection with JOREK and its comparison to experiments in KSTAR
Authors: Lee S.-J. , Hu D. , Lehnen M. , Nardon E. , Kim Jayhyun , Bonfiglio D. , Artola F.J. , Hoelzl M. , Na Yong-Su ,   JOREK team
Published: August 2024

Abstract
3D nonlinear MHD simulations of neon-doped single shattered pellet injection (SPI) conducted with the JOREK code reveal rich physics during SPI-induced disruptions in KSTAR. In the early phase, pressure-driven modes dominate, and the perturbation of the plasma current is largely consistent with the perturbation of the Pfirsch–Schlüter current. As shards reach the q = 1 surface, resistive current perturbations by helical electron cooling start to dominate, and the electron temperature in the core begins to collapse with convective mixing of the density driven by the internal

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kink mode. The confinement of the plasma is later completely destroyed as a cold bubble convects into the core via quasi-interchange mode. Comparisons with available experimental data demonstrate qualitative agreements between JOREK results and experiments, and possible reasons for deviations are discussed.
The application value of H-reflex induced by electrical stimulation of the sacral nerve at the S3 foramen in stimulus parameter programming
Authors: Min Yu , Jiang Haofei , Jin Hao , Yu Yanlan , Ding Guoqing , Jiang Haihong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although manufacturers of sacral nerve stimulators and related research have provided many guiding opinions on the programming values of stimulation parameters, the stimulation parameters used for long-term treatment of patients are still largely influenced by the experience of doctors and the subjective feelings of patients. We found a high positive correlation between the appearance and amplitude growth trend of the H-reflex induced by S3 nerve root stimulation, the stimulation amplitude corresponding to the inflection point, and the subjective sensation threshold and pain threshold of patients who underwent the first phase of implantable stimulatory surgery, through electromyography collection. Based on this, we believe that the information on the H-reflex triggered by S3 nerve root stimulation will provide a more intuitive and quantifiable non-invasive way for doctors to assist in determining the appropriate stimulator amplitude for long-term treatment of patients. This will help reduce unnecessary pain and potential permanent nerve damage risks that may occur to patients during parameter programming and debugging processes. Especially when facing patients with communication barriers or lack of cooperation, it is more meaningful.
DopplerPTNet: Object Detection Network with Doppler Velocity Information for FMCW LiDAR Point Cloud
Authors: Gao Jiaqi , Zhou Wuping , Wang Xiaozhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the field of autonomous driving, LiDAR plays a crucial role in perception and detection. LiDAR based on Time-of-Flight (ToF) mode can only provide three-dimensional spatial coordinate information of point clouds. In point cloud object detection, the limited feature information of spatial coordinates to some extent restricts the further optimization and improvement of algorithm detection performance. However, LiDAR based on Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) mode can not only obtain the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of point clouds, but also directly measure the Doppler velocity information of points, effectively compensating for the limitation of relying solely on spatial coordinate information for object recognition. Therefore, based on the CARLA simulator, we construct the first FMCW LiDAR point cloud object detection simulation dataset, FMCWLidDet. What’s more, a novel 4D object detection algorithm, DopplerPTNet, is proposed based on the direct acquisition of point Doppler velocity information by FMCW LiDAR. The algorithm solves the problem of single spatial coordinate information feature in existing 3D object detection algorithms, which makes it difficult to further improve detection accuracy. The dataset is available at https://github.com/xilight123/FMCW-LiDAR-object-detection-dataset.
Advancements in Dual-Function UV-Visible Light Detection
Authors: Yuan Ze , Wang Liangpei , Wang Chenyu , Luo Shangcong , Huang Tianfeng , Zhang Junfeng , Dong Shurong , Luo Jikui , Ye Zhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This research introduces a photodetector capable of differentiating between ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, employing the unique properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) and α-silicon (α-Si). The core of this innovative device is a pixel unit circuit, designed with three integral components: a delay circuit for precise timing, a photosensitive element composed of an α-Si thin film resistor and a ZnO thin film transistor (ZnO TFT) for respective light spectrum detection, and a source follower for effective signal transmission. Through simulations conducted in Cadence Virtuoso, the device’s responsiveness to varying intensities of UV and visible light was assessed. Adjustments to the α-Si resistance and ZnO TFT threshold voltage simulated realistic light conditions, demonstrating the device’s capability to generate distinct voltage changes in response to different light spectrums. These results underline the potential of the design for larger-scale implementations and highlight its adaptability and precision in detecting diverse light intensities. This research provides the basis for the development of simultaneous UV-visible detection and scalable light detection systems. In addition, taking advantage of the properties of ZnO TFT, which can also be used in the future in curved transparent environments.
Enhancing photoluminescence of monolayer MoS2 on h-BN substrate through plasmonic resonance for high-power optoelectronic devices
Authors: Dong Liang , Yang Hangsheng , Li Yubo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is an excellent substrate material due to its superb thermal conductivity, excellent thermal stability and smooth surface qualities. In this study, a silicon-based h-BN substrate was prepared using the magnetron sputtering technique. Subsequently, monolayer MoS2 obtained by the CVD method was transferred onto the h-BN substrate. Then, Au-core-Ag-shell nanoparticles with a diameter of 80 nm were prepared by a self-assembly method and uniformly dispersed and spin-coated on the MoS2 surface. Applying a laser with a wavelength of 532 nm can effectively excite the plasma resonance effect of the system. Under the intense thermal effect induced by the high laser power and plasma effect, the h-BN substrate ensures that MoS2 exhibits less red-shift and higher photoluminescence intensity compared with SiO2 substrate due to its excellent thermal conductivity. This means that h-BN substrates are particularly suitable for optoelectronic applications under high laser power environments, and can maintain excellent optoelectronic device performance while effectively curbing overheating to ensure long-term stable device operation.
Machine Learning for Identification of Cancer Cells Based on Electrical Property Using Microfluidic Impedance Flow Cytometry
Authors: Hu Sixing , Li Guangyang , Xue Lingyue , Xu Mingzhu , Xiang Anli , Cao Zhen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Microfluidic impedance flow cytometry (IFC) has become an essential tool for cell analysis, providing a rapid and non-invasive approach to the early diagnosis of cancer. However, a large amount of data was generated during microfluidic IFC, which requires highly efficient data processing tools. In recent years, machine learning has emerged as an efficient tool for data analysis. Here we present a microfluidic IFC chip combined with an enhanced deep neural network for the detection of cancer cells based on electrical properties. The effectiveness of the enhanced deep neural network is illustrated by achieving a high identification accuracy of 93%, surpassing the 86% accuracy of a conventional fully connected neural network.
Optical micro/nano fiber enabled accelerometer
Authors: Yu Wen , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Highly sensitive and miniaturized accelerometers play an important role in structural health, earthquakes, and body motion monitoring. Herein, an optical micro/nanofiber (MNF) enabled accelerometer is proposed. The structural parameters of the MNF accelerometer are optimized based on theoretical simulation. The accelerometer shows excellent linear relationship between displacement and force, and achieves a minimum detectable acceleration of 0.15 m/s2. For vibration sensing, the natural frequency of the sensor can be as high as 753 Hz.
High-Performance 1D CdS/2D Te Heterojunction Photodetector
Authors: Liu Shuo , Zhang Liang , Wang Xiaozhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures facilitate the versatile combination of two-dimensional (2D) materials with semiconductors that possess distinctive band structures, offering a promising platform for developing photodetectors with extensive spectral range and high sensitivity. This study showcases the flawless integration of one-dimensional (1D) CdS nanowires with 2D Te nanosheets, resulting in the creation of a high-performance, mixed-dimensional heterojunction photodetector. Bandgap engineering at the CdS/Te interface promotes Type II band alignment, markedly improving the separation and transport of photo-generated charge carriers. Additionally, the interaction between materials of different dimensions significantly enhances the device’s photoresponsivity and detectivity. When operated at low bias, the photodetector displays an impressive rectification ratio of up to 8.57×103, along with superior photoelectric performance spanning the ultraviolet to visible light spectrum. Particularly under 450 nm wavelength laser illumination, the device displayed a high photoresponsivity of up to 126 A W−1, a high detectivity of 1.03×1010 Jones, an external quantum efficiency of up to 3.49×102%, and a rapid response time of 35 ms. The photoresponsivity of this device was at least an order of magnitude higher than other reported mixed-dimensional heterojunction photodetectors. The development of the 1D CdS/2D Te heterostructure opens new pathways for high-sensitivity, broad-spectrum photodetection technologies.
Integrating zinc iodine battery with zinc hybrid capacitor in one cell
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Luo Shiqiang , Yang Guoshen , Nie Zanxiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The rapid development of flexible wearable electronics and new energy harvesting technologies desire efficient energy storage devices with high safety. Here, we investigate a flexible thin-film device integrating two electrochemical systems: zinc iodine battery and zinc hybrid capacitor. Compared with symmetric supercapacitors devices, both capacity and shelf-life are improved. The integrated device demonstrated an optimized capacity of 0.26 mAh/cm2.
Self-catalyzed Growth and Optoelectronic Properties of High-Quality CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 Nanowires Based on Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Huang Lanqing , Lu Hanglin , Liu Xingpeng , Song Zhuo , Su Jiande , Li Zhuofeng , Song Shuxiang , Liu Linsheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, high-quality CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 nanowires were successfully grown on Si substrates via a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) self-catalyzed growth mechanism using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The nanowires were characterized by various techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Photoluminescence (PL), and Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the perovskite nanowires grown under the VLS mechanism exhibit strong photoluminescence intensity and excellent crystalline quality. Based on these high-quality nanowires, we further fabricated single-nanowire photodetectors. The CsPbBr3 nanowire photodetector exhibited a high photocurrent to dark current ratio of 4.2×103 and an outstanding responsivity of 1338 A/W. Meanwhile, the CsPbI3 nanowire photodetector also showed a photocurrent to dark current ratio of 10.6 and a responsivity of 991 A/W. These results indicate that perovskite nanowires grown by the VLS growth mechanism hold great promise for applications in photodetection.