bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative exponential modelling of copycat suicides: association with mass media effect in South Korea
Authors: Suh S. , Chang Y. , Kim N. 
Published: February 2014

Background.There is ample evidence media reporting of celebrity suicides increases copycat suicides. This study had three aims: (a) to quantitatively examine copycat suicides with exponential modelling that predicts the copycat suicide effect of South Korean celebrity suicides; (b) to investigate the association between media effect and subsequent suicides following celebrity deaths; and (c) to investigate the extent in which media influences the increase and rate of decline of copycat suicides following a celebrity suicide.Methods.All suicides during 1991–2010 in South Korea were included in this study utilising a nationwide database. Fifteen celebrities were selected based on the frequency of media reports following 1 week after their suicide. The media effect was obtained through the Korean Integrated Newspaper Database System. Exponential curve fits and correlation analyses investigated the quantitative effect of copycat suicides.Results.After controlling for baseline number of average suicides, there was a marked increase in the number of suicides following each celebrity suicides, which followed an exponential model. There was a significant correlation between the total number of copycat suicides and number of media following the celebrity suicide (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). There were weak-to-moderate correlations between the amplitude of increase in suicides (r = 0.45, p = 0.09) and rate of decline (r = 0.38, p = 0.16) with the total number of media coverage.Conclusions.Copycat suicides following celebrity suicides follow exponential modelling. Additionally, there is a strong media effect between the number of media reports following the days after celebrity suicides and subsequent copycat suicides. This may also be associated with the amplitude and rate of decline of copycat suicides. This suggests that improving media reporting and implementing preventative interventions for vulnerable populations may be important.
The Prevention Imperative: International Health and Environmental Governance Responses to Emerging Zoonotic Diseases
Authors: Farnese Patricia L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDespite widespread recognition of the threat posed by emerging zoonotic diseases (EZDs) to human and animal health and the economy, the root causes of EZDs are largely ignored by the international community. In particular, the links between wildlife health, human-induced land-use change, and EZDs have not been adequately addressed. Generally, states are not required to evaluate the health impacts of land-use decisions within their territories. Similarly, global efforts to protect wild spaces are rarely identified as a health imperative. Where initiatives have been undertaken, they remain focused largely on detecting and controlling only those wildlife diseases that are known or suspected to be a threat to human and animal health or the economy. A critique of the existing international responses leaves no doubt that a preventative approach must be adopted to address human vulnerability to EZDs.
Giant Up-Conversion Efficiency of InGaAs Quantum Dots in a Planar Microcavity
Authors: Xu Qinfeng , Piermarocchi Carlo , Pershin Yuriy V. , Salamo G. J. , Xiao Min , Wang Xiaoyong , Shih Chih-Kang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSelf-assembled InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) were fabricated inside a planar microcavity with two vertical cavity modes. This allowed us to excite the QDs coupled to one of the vertical cavity modes through two propagating cavity modes to study their down- and up-converted photoluminescence (PL). The up-converted PL increased continuously with the increasing temperature, reaching an intensity level comparable to that of the down-converted PL at ~120 K. This giant efficiency in the up-converted PL of InGaAs QDs was enhanced by about 2 orders of magnitude with respect to a similar structure without cavity. We tentatively explain the enhanced up-converted signal as a direct consequence of the modified spontaneous emission properties of the QDs in the microcavity, combined with the phonon absorption and emission effects.
An Evaluation of Reading Comprehension of Expository Text in Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Sohlberg McKay Moore , Griffiths Gina G. , Fickas Stephen 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
This project was conducted to obtain information about reading problems of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairments and to investigate how these readers respond to reading comprehension strategy prompts integrated into digital versions of text.

Method

Participants from 2 groups, adults with TBI (
n
= 15) and matched controls (
n
= 15), read 4 different 500-word expository science passages linked to either a strategy prompt condition or a no-strategy prompt condition. The participants' reading comprehension was evaluated using sentence verification and free recall tasks.

Results
The TBI and control groups exhibited significant differences on 2 of the 5 reading comprehension measures: paraphrase statements on a sentence verification task and communication units on a free recall task. Unexpected group differences were noted on the participants' prerequisite reading skills. For the within-group comparison, participants showed significantly higher reading comprehension scores on 2 free recall measures: words per communication unit and type–token ratio. There were no significant interactions.

Conclusion
The results help to elucidate the nature of reading comprehension in adults with TBI with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairments and endorse further evaluation of reading comprehension strategies as a potential intervention option for these individuals. Future research is needed to better understand how individual differences influence a person's reading and response to intervention.
Role of Maternal Gesture Use in Speech Use by Children With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Hahn Laura J. , Zimmer B. Jean , Brady Nancy C. , Swinburne Romine Rebecca E. , Fleming Kandace K. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate how maternal gesture relates to speech production by children with fragile X syndrome (FXS).

Method
Participants were 27 young children with FXS (23 boys, 4 girls) and their mothers. Videotaped home observations were conducted between the ages of 25 and 37 months (toddler period) and again between the ages of 60 and 71 months (child period). The videos were later coded for types of maternal utterances and maternal gestures that preceded child speech productions. Children were also assessed with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at both ages.

Results

Maternal gesture use in the toddler period was positively related to expressive language scores at both age periods and was related to receptive language scores in the child period. Maternal proximal pointing, in comparison to other gestures, evoked more speech responses from children during the mother–child interactions, particularly when combined with
wh
-questions.

Conclusion
This study adds to the growing body of research on the importance of contextual variables, such as maternal gestures, in child language development. Parental gesture use may be an easily added ingredient to parent-focused early language intervention programs.
Impact of climate change on global malaria distribution
Authors: Caminade Cyril , Kovats Sari , Rocklov Joacim , Tompkins Adrian M. , Morse Andrew P. , Colón-González Felipe J. , Stenlund Hans , Martens Pim , Lloyd Simon J. 
Published: February 2014

Significance
This study is the first multimalaria model intercomparison exercise. This is carried out to estimate the impact of future climate change and population scenarios on malaria transmission at global scale and to provide recommendations for the future. Our results indicate that future climate might become more suitable for malaria transmission in the tropical highland regions. However, other important socioeconomic factors such as land use change, population growth and urbanization, migration changes, and economic development will have to be accounted for in further details for future risk assessments.
Suppression of Mediator is regulated by Cdk8-dependent Grr1 turnover of the Med3 coactivator
Authors: Gonzalez Deyarina , Hamidi Nurul , Del Sol Ricardo , Benschop Joris J. , Nancy Thomas , Li Chao , Francis Lewis , Tzouros Manuel , Krijgsveld Jeroen , Holstege Frank C. P. , Conlan R. Steven 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Mediator is a megadalton multisubunit molecular switchboard involved in gene regulation in eukaryotes and is structurally conserved between species. It bridges the general transcription machinery and function-specific DNA binding proteins. It plays a dynamic role in regulating a wide range of processes, involving, for example, thyroid and vitamin D receptors. The role of Mediator appears to be in the fine tuning of the activation and repression of gene expression in many organisms, yet the underlying mechanisms of how its own function is regulated remains to be unraveled. Here we demonstrate how Mediator autoregulates its own function by cross-talk between the tail module and the Cdk8 kinase module in an active process involving priming of the mediator component Med3 for ubiquitin-ligase (Grr1)–mediated degradation by Cdk8 phosphorylation.
Enhanced cognitive flexibility in reversal learning induced by removal of the extracellular matrix in auditory cortex
Authors: Happel Max F. K. , Niekisch Hartmut , Castiblanco Rivera Laura L. , Ohl Frank W. , Deliano Matthias , Frischknecht Renato 
Published: February 2014

Significance
The brain’s extracellular matrix (ECM) mediates structural stability by enwrapping synaptic contacts fundamental for long-term memory storage. Whether the ECM in the adult brain might thereby govern learning-related plasticity, lifelong memory reformation, and higher cognitive functions is largely unknown. Here, we enzymatically degraded the ECM in the auditory cortex of adult Mongolian gerbils during a reversal learning task. Such local weakening of the structurally rigid ECM specifically accelerated strategy changes required for reversal learning. It neither affected general sensory learning nor erased already established, learned memory traces. Thus, ECM modulation might promote the cognitive flexibility that can build on learned behaviors, and has further implications to develop new tools for guided neuroplasticity with therapeutic potential.
Large-scale interaction profiling of PDZ domains through proteomic peptide-phage display using human and viral phage peptidomes
Authors: Ivarsson Ylva , Arnold Roland , McLaughlin Megan , Nim Satra , Joshi Rakesh , Ray Debashish , Liu Bernard , Teyra Joan , Pawson Tony , Moffat Jason , Li Shawn Shun-Cheng , Sidhu Sachdev S. , Kim Philip M. 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Although knowledge about the human interactome is increasing in coverage because of the development of high-throughput technologies, fundamental gaps remain. In particular, interactions mediated by short linear motifs are of great importance for signaling, but systematic experimental approaches for their detection are missing. We fill this important gap by developing a dedicated approach that combines bioinformatics, custom oligonucleotide arrays and peptide-phage display. We computationally design a library of all possible motifs in a given proteome, print representatives of these on custom oligonucleotide arrays, and identify natural peptide binders for a given protein using phage display. Our approach is scalable and has broad application. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study using both designed human and viral peptide libraries.
The role of the hypervariable C-terminal domain in Rab GTPases membrane targeting
Authors: Li Fu , Yi Long , Zhao Lei , Itzen Aymelt , Goody Roger S. , Wu Yao-Wen 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Rab GTPases are key regulators of intracellular vesicular transport in eukaryotic cells, for example in neurotransmission and endocytosis. Each of more than 60 Rabs in human cells regulates these processes at a specific subcellular membrane. The hypervariable C-terminal domain (HVD) of Rab has been proposed to contain a targeting signal, but recent studies have argued this model. However, the role of the Rab HVD and the mechanism of Rab membrane targeting remain elusive. In this study, using a combination of unique synthetic protein probes and cell biological tools, we dissect the role of the HVD for subcellular Rab targeting. We find that the HVD can act as a structurally flexible spacer, a subcellular localization determinant, and/or an enhancer of membrane affinity.
Transcription could be the key to the selection advantage of mitochondrial deletion mutants in aging
Authors: Kowald Axel , Kirkwood Thomas B. L. 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, possess their own DNA, which encodes proteins involved in cellular ATP production. During the aging process deleted versions of mtDNA accumulate inside cells and replace the wild type form. Currently no explanation exists that can explain the mechanism behind this accumulation, which is also compatible with experimental observations. We present here a new idea based on the distinctive connection between transcription and replication of mtDNA. Analysis of mtDNA deletion spectra strongly supports our hypothesis and computer simulations show the mechanism to be compatible with data from short- and long-lived species. We believe that this idea may provide a major breakthrough in understanding the complex links between mitochondrial mutations and their accumulation in aging.
Ischemic neurons recruit natural killer cells that accelerate brain infarction
Authors: Gan Yan , Liu Qiang , Wu Wei , Yin Jun-Xiang , Bai Xue-Feng , Shen Rulong , Wang Yongjun , Chen Jieli , La Cava Antonio , Poursine-Laurent Jennifer , Yokoyama Wayne , Shi Fu-Dong 
Published: February 2014

SignificanceStroke is a devastating illness second only to cardiac ischemia as a cause of death worldwide. Long-time attempts to salvage dying neurons and preserve neurological functions via various neuroprotective agents have failed, owing at least in part to medical science’s limited knowledge of ischemia-induced elements that participate in irreversible neurovascular damage. The present study was performed to understand the role of natural killer (NK) cells, a key member of the innate immune system, in stroke. We discovered that NK cells infiltrated the brains of stroke patients and mice with induced stroke. Multiple pathways by which NK cells exacerbate brain infarction are discovered. This study revealed the role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of stroke.
Mechanotransduction of fluid stresses governs 3D cell migration
Authors: Polacheck William J. , German Alexandra E. , Mammoto Akiko , Ingber Donald E. , Kamm Roger D. 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Interstitial flow (IF) is elevated in solid tumors and imparts fluid stresses on tumor cells within the extracellular matrix (ECM), and these fluid stresses must be balanced by stress in matrix adhesions to maintain static equilibrium. This force balance results in greater matrix adhesion tension on the upstream side of the cell, and we demonstrate that this tension activates β1-integrin adhesion complexes, resulting in localization and activation of focal adhesion (FA) proteins near the upstream membrane. Importantly, we demonstrate that this asymmetric FA activation governs the direction of cell migration in 3D, and therefore our data show that mechanical stress acting on cells within a 3D ECM is a fundamental directional migratory stimulus.
Nuclear compartmentalization of odorant receptor genes
Authors: Armelin-Correa Lucia M. , Gutiyama Luciana M. , Brandt Débora Y. C. , Malnic Bettina 
Published: February 2014

Significance
The mechanisms underlying odorant receptor (OR) monoallelic and monogenic expression are unclear. We show for the first time that the nuclei of olfactory neurons have a characteristic organization of facultative heterochromatin: it is highly concentrated around a large constitutive heterochromatin block located centrally in the nucleus. In addition, we show that the homologous alleles of a given OR gene are located in different chromatin compartments in the olfactory nucleus: while one of the alleles is associated with deeply repressed constitutive heterochromatin, the other one is located in or close to the more plastic facultative heterochromatin. This spatial organization is likely to be important for both the monoallelic and monogenic expression of these genes.
Phosphorylation releases constraints to domain motion in ERK2
Authors: Xiao Yao , Lee Thomas , Latham Michael Parker , Warner Lisa Rose , Tanimoto Akiko , Pardi Arthur , Ahn Natalie G. 
Published: February 2014

Significance
This paper uses NMR methods to compare the dynamics of a protein kinase in its active and inactive states. The results show that domain movements in the MAP kinase ERK2 are inherently constrained until the enzyme is activated by phosphorylation, with the constraint located at the hinge region. This represents an important mode for dynamical regulation in ERK2, not anticipated from previous X-ray structural analyses.
The tripartite motif coiled-coil is an elongated antiparallel hairpin dimer
Authors: Sanchez Jacint G. , Okreglicka Katarzyna , Chandrasekaran Viswanathan , Welker Jordan M. , Sundquist Wesley I. , Pornillos Owen 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Tripartite motif or TRIM proteins make up the largest superfamily of RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligases. These enzymes function in a wide variety of important cellular processes, particularly innate antiviral response mechanisms. Dimerization is critical for the function of many TRIM proteins. Here we show how TRIM25 dimerizes and demonstrate that this dimerization mode is apparently conserved across the entire TRIM protein family. Our results reveal how the dimerization domain positions the other TRIM effector domains to recognize and ubiquitylate substrates and how the TRIM5 family can form higher-order hexagonal assemblies that increase the avidity of substrate recognition.
Evaluating officially reported polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions in the Athabasca oil sands region with a multimedia fate model
Authors: Parajulee Abha , Wania Frank 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Our study shows that emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons estimated in environmental impact assessments conducted to approve developments in the Athabasca oil sands region are likely too low. This finding implies that environmental concentrations in exposure-relevant media, such as air, water, and food, estimated using those emissions may also be too low. The potential therefore exists that estimation of future risk to humans and wildlife because of surface mining activity in the Athabasca oil sands region has been underestimated.
MicroRNA-like viral small RNA from Dengue virus 2 autoregulates its replication in mosquito cells
Authors: Hussain Mazhar , Asgari Sassan 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Dengue virus has emerged as one of the most significant arboviruses, affecting millions of people around the world. Here, we show the production of a functional microRNA-like small RNA encoded by Dengue virus, which negatively regulates virus replication by targeting the viral nonstructural protein 1 sequences. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the biogenesis and function of the viral small RNA. The results also highlight the possibility of utilizing the small RNA in inhibiting at least three serotypes of the virus. The outcomes have a significant impact on our understanding of the biology of the virus (and flaviviruses in general) and small RNA biogenesis, and open up a potential avenue for the control of the virus.
Attachment of phycobilisomes in an antenna–photosystem I supercomplex of cyanobacteria
Authors: Watanabe Mai , Semchonok Dmitry A. , Webber-Birungi Mariam T. , Ehira Shigeki , Kondo Kumiko , Narikawa Rei , Ohmori Masayuki , Boekema Egbert J. , Ikeuchi Masahiko 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Light-harvesting antenna are essential for photosynthetic systems, which comprise photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII, respectively). Phycobilisome (PBS) is a dominant and efficient antenna for PSII in cyanobacteria and some algae, whereas the attachment of PBS to PSI is a long-standing open question. We isolated a unique PBS–PSI supercomplex from a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium. Biochemical and spectral studies revealed that PBS is functionally connected to the PSI tetramer via a new universal connecting component. A pseudoatomic model explains the configuration of the PSI tetramer and how the PBS is connected to PSI. Such antenna may play an important role for light harvesting in PSI-driven cyclic electron transport to facilitate nitrogen fixation and other reactions.
Hypoxia-induced and calpain-dependent cleavage of filamin A regulates the hypoxic response
Authors: Zheng Xiaowei , Zhou Alex-Xianghua , Rouhi Pegah , Uramoto Hidetaka , Borén Jan , Cao Yihai , Pereira Teresa , Akyürek Levent M. , Poellinger Lorenz 
Published: February 2014

Significance
The cellular response to hypoxia is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and -2α (HIF-1α and -2α). We have discovered that filamin A (FLNA), a large cytoskeletal actin-binding protein, physically interacts with HIF-1α (but not with HIF-2α) and promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis. Hypoxia induces a calpain-dependent cleavage of FLNA to generate a fragment that enhances nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α and is corecruited to HIF-1α target promoters, resulting in enhanced gene expression. This mechanism helps to explain why FLNA is upregulated in certain tumors and offers opportunities in targeting the hypoxia signaling pathway therapeutically.
Mapping the molecular determinants of BRAF oncogene dependence in human lung cancer
Authors: Lin Luping , Asthana Saurabh , Chan Elton , Bandyopadhyay Sourav , Martins Maria M. , Olivas Victor , Yan Jenny Jiacheng , Pham Luu , Wang Mingxue Michelle , Bollag Gideon , Solit David B. , Collisson Eric A. , Rudin Charles M. , Taylor Barry S. , Bivona Trever G. 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Oncogenic mutations in the BRAF kinase occur in 6–8% of nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), but the biological and clinical relevance of these mutations is unclear. We uncovered mechanisms of resistance to BRAF inhibition in NSCLC using an integrated functional chemical genetics approach in human BRAF-mutant NSCLC cells and clinical specimens. Our results provide biological insights into the regulation of BRAF oncogene dependence and identify strategies to optimize outcomes in BRAF-mutant NSCLC patients.
Predicting risky choices from brain activity patterns
Authors: Helfinstein Sarah M. , Schonberg Tom , Congdon Eliza , Karlsgodt Katherine H. , Mumford Jeanette A. , Sabb Fred W. , Cannon Tyrone D. , London Edythe D. , Bilder Robert M. , Poldrack Russell A. 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Previous studies have examined the neural correlates of risk, but it is unknown if patterns of brain activity can predict choices in risky decision-making. We used functional MRI data to predict choice behavior in subjects while they performed a naturalistic risk-taking task. We found choices on subsequent trials could be predicted with high accuracy when condensing each individual's brain activity to two values, indicating that choice behavior is encoded even in coarse activation patterns. A searchlight analysis demonstrated that choices can also be predicted based on localized activity patterns within neural networks involved in cognitive control. These regions show greater activation prior to safe choices than risky choices, suggesting that control systems play a key role in inhibiting risky choices.