bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence Of Maxillary Central Incisor Dimensions, Angulations &amp; Positions Bilaterally On The Perception Of Smile Esthetics
Authors: Ahsan Mafaz Bin , Shetty Subramanya , Shetty Sandeep 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
An attractive smile achievement is one of the main goals of Orthodontic treatment. Smile is the product of several factors interacting to differing degrees of relevance. This study was based on the hypothesis that an increase in crown width of the maxillary central incisors is considered equally attractive amongst Orthodontists, Prosthodontists and Laypersons.
Materials and Methods
The frontal smile photographs of a male and a female participants were captured. The maxillary central incisors’ vertical position (+ 0.5 mm, + 1 mm, -0.5 mm, -1 mm), angulation (+ 20,+40,-20,-40) and mesio distal width (+ 0.5 mm, + 1 mm, -0.5 mm, -1 mm) were changed generating a total of 26 photographs. The photographs were rated for their smiles using a Visual Analogue Scale by the 3 Observer groups.
Results
Twenty-five photographs showed statistically significant differences in perception scores. Among these, none revealed any statistically significant disparity between Orthodontists and Prosthodontists, fifteen displayed statistically significant difference in perception scores between Orthodontists and Laypersons and all 25 photographs displayed statistically significant differences in perception scores of prosthodontists and laypersons.
Conclusions
Orthodontists rated the Female Ideal Smile as the most attractive while Prosthodontists rated the Female Smile with Digitally altered vertical position of Maxillary Central Incisors by -1 mm to be the most attractive and Laypersons rated the Female Smile with Digitally altered vertical position of Maxillary Central Incisor by -0.5 mm as the most attractive. Consequently, it was established that the hypothesis was false.
Clinical relevance
Useful in quantification and esthetic evaluation of smile as a routine diagnostic procedure.
Development and validation of a new tool to estimate early mortality in patients with advanced cancer treated with immunotherapy
Authors: De Giglio Andrea , Leonetti Alessandro , Comito Francesca , Filippini Daria Maria , Mollica Veronica , Rihawi Karim , Peroni Marianna , Mazzaschi Giulia , Ricciotti Ilaria , Carosi Francesca , Marchetti Andrea , Rosellini Matteo , Gagliano Ambrogio , Favorito Valentina , Nobili Elisabetta , Gelsomino Francesco , Melotti Barbara , Marchese Paola Valeria , Sperandi Francesca , Federico Alessandro Di , Buti Sebastiano , Perrone Fabiana , Massari Francesco , Pantaleo Maria Abbondanza , Tiseo Marcello , Ardizzoni Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are standard treatments for advanced solid cancers. Resistance to ICIs, both primary and secondary, poses challenges, with early mortality (EM) within 30–90 days indicating a lack of benefit. Prognostic factors for EM, including the Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI), remain underexplored.
Methods:
We performed a retrospective, observational study including patients affected by advanced solid tumors, treated with ICI as single-agent or combined with other agents. Logistic regression models identified factors associated with EM and 90-day progression risks. A nomogram for predicting 90-day mortality was built and validated within an external cohort .
Results:
637 patients received ICIs (single-agent or in combination with other drugs) for advanced solid tumors. Most patients were male (61.9%), with NSCLC as the prevalent tumor (61.8%). Within the cohort, 21.3% died within 90 days, 8.4% died within 30 days, and 34.5% experienced early progression. Factors independently associated with 90-day mortality included ECOG PS 2 and a high/intermediate LIPI score. For 30-day mortality, lung metastasis and a high/intermediate LIPI score were independent risk factors. Regarding early progression, high/intermediate LIPI score was independently associated. A predictive nomogram for 90-day mortality combining LIPI and ECOG PS achieved an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.71–0.81). The discrimination ability of the nomogram was confirmed in the external validation cohort (n = 255) (AUC 0.72,95% CI, 0.64–0.80).
Conclusion:
LIPI and ECOG PS independently were able to estimate 90-day mortality, with LIPI also demonstrating prognostic validity for 30-day mortality and early progression.
Roles of plasma proteins in mediating the causal effect of the lipid species on gastric cancer and exploring potential drug targets for gastric cancer：insights from proteomic and two-step mendelian randomization and macromolecular docking
Authors: Dong Zhenhua , Chen Zhiqing , Zhao Dingling , Jia Jianling , Cao Hongliang , Wang Pengyu , Yu Kai , Gao Xulei , Wang Daguang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The change of plasma lipid species has close contacts with gastric cancer (GC). However, the specific mechanism still needs to explore further.
Objectives
We aim to utilize plasma proteins to decipher the association between lipid species and GC, and seek possible drug targets for GC.
Methods
A two-step mendelian randomization (MR) is conducted to identify the causal relationship among 179 lipid species, 4907 plasma proteins and GC. We employ the summary mendelian randomization (SMR) and colocalization to explore relationship between plasma proteins and GC. We use one protein data including 35559 individuals as discovery group, meanwhile the other one from 54219 subjects as validation group.
MR is performed to identify the association between lipid species and GC or plasma proteins. Based on chosen proteins, we use macromolecular docking to find potential components as ligands.
Results
MR identifies the causality between 12 lipid species and GC, 3 proteins and GC, 2 lipid species and 2 proteins. After the test of propagation of error method, we conclude that CCDC80 protein mediates (30.8%; 95% confidents interval (Cl), 6.4%-64.0%) of the association between Diacylglycerol (16:1_18:1) and GC. For CCDC80, we choose 4 components including 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin, Benzo[a]pyrene, Bisphenol A, Valproic Acid as potential drugs.
Conclusion
Our study suggests that CCDC80, a drug target, is a mediator between Diacylglycerol (16:1_18:1) and GC, which may guide a novel direction for GC treatment.
Compare gap between dentin and composite using Optical Coherence Tomography and leakage test
Authors: Khaled Abu Hasan Mohammad , Sato Takaaki , Tabata Tomoko , Zhao Mengtian , Kibe Kota , Ikeda Masaomi , Shimada Yasushi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Composite resins have become the preferred option for dental restorations. Numerous studies have demonstrated that composite restorations can provide exceptional durability and longevity in clinical practice. However, gap formation at the resin-dentin interface can compromise the integrity of the restoration, potentially leading to its failure. There are many established methods to detect these gaps. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), Leakage tests, and many others may detect the gap successfully. Additionally, tooth structures can vary significantly based on their location. The study aimed to compare the gap formation between dentin and composite resin using OCT and the leakage test.
Methods
Three cavities were prepared for each bovine tooth (coronal, cervical, and root). Cavities were filled by Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive and Filtek Supreme Flowable Restorative. After the water storage (37°C, 24 h), the cavity bottom interface was observed using OCT. Continuously, these samples were cut for leakage test. Specimens were immersed in 50% ammoniacal silver nitrate solution (AgNO3) and photo-development solution. Finally, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was performed on the cavity bottom interface. Two-dimensional (2D) images of both devices were analyzed to calculate a sealed interface percentage (SI%).
Results
At all sites (coronal, cervical, and root), EDS showed a significantly higher SI% value compared to OCT. No significant differences depending on sites were observed.
Conclusion
The influence of different cavity sites was not observed in both OCT and leakage tests. The differences in gap detection were observed between measurement devices, with EDS showing higher values than OCT at all sites.
A path analysis model of the effects of gambling advertising on people diagnosed with gambling disorder
Authors: Lopez-Gonzalez Hibai , Granero Roser , Fernández-Aranda Fernando , Griffiths Mark D , Jiménez-Murcia Susana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background There is a consensus in the literature that gambling advertising disproportionately affects those experiencing higher gambling severity. However, the relationship of gambling advertising and severity is typically assessed among samples recruited from online panels using screening tools as the method to categorize the gambling severity status of participants. Alternatively, other studies use small groups of gamblers (i.e., qualitative studies). The present paper reports findings from a sample of gamblers diagnosed with gambling disorder by professional clinicians via individual interviews. The study investigated the association between gambling advertising and gambling severity by looking at other psychologically relevant variables such as impulsivity, emotion regulation, and general psychopathology. Methods A sample of 210 consecutive treatment-seeking patients was recruited from a public hospital from June 2019 to January 2021. A path analysis model was run to determine the relationship between the variables. Gambling advertising was constructed as a latent variable, comprising the perceived impact of gambling advertising, persuasion knowledge, and the attitudes towards gambling advertising. Results Gamblers with greater gambling severity reported higher perceived impact of gambling advertising, and more positive attitudes toward gambling advertising. Gambling advertising was a mediator in the paths between emotion regulation and gambling severity, and between impulsivity and gambling severity. Conclusions The study demonstrates among individuals with verified gambling disorder that there is a relationship between gambling advertising and gambling severity. Regulators have an empirical basis on which to restrict the exposure to gambling advertising of vulnerable groups.
Standard diet and animal source influence hippocampal spatial reference learning and memory in congenic C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Hart Damyan W. , Sherman Mathew A. , Kim Minwoo , Pelzel Ross , Brown Jennifer L. , Lesné Sylvain E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Assessing learning and memory has become critical to evaluate brain function in health, aging or neurological disease. The hippocampus is crucially involved in these processes as illustrated by H.M.’s remarkable case and by the well-established early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. Numerous studies have reported the impact of gut microbiota on hippocampal structure and function using pro-, pre- and antibiotics, diet manipulations, germ-free conditions or fecal transfer. However, most diet manipulations have relied on Western diet paradigms (high fat, high energy, high carbohydrates). Here, we compared the impact of two standard diets, 5K52 and 2918 (6% fat, 18% protein, 3.1kcal/g), and how they influenced hippocampal learning and memory in adult 6-month-old congenic C57BL/6J mice from two sources.
Results: Using a hippocampal-dependent task, we found that 5K52-fed mice performed consistently better than 2918-fed animals in the Barnes circular maze. These behavioral differences were accompanied with marked changes in microbiota, which correlated with spatial memory retention performance. We next tested whether 2918-induced alterations in behavior and microbiome could be rescued by 5K52 diet for 3 months. Changing the 2918 diet to 5K52 diet mid-life improved spatial learning and memory in mice. Shotgun sequencing and principal component analyses revealed significant differences at both phylum and species levels. Multivariate analyses identified Akkermansia muciniphila or Bacteroidales bacterium M11 and Faecalibaculum rodentium as the strongest correlates to spatial memory retention in mice depending on the animal source. In both settings, the observed behavioral differences only affected hippocampal-dependent performance as mice fed with either diet did similarly well on the non-spatial variant of the Y-maze.
Conclusions: In summary, these findings demonstrate the diverging effects of seemingly equivalent standard diets on hippocampal memory. Based on these results, we strongly recommend the mandatory inclusion of the diet and source of animals used in rodent behavioral studies.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Green Roofs and Walls in Nigeria’s Urban Centers
Authors: Unegbu H. C. O. , Yawas D. S. , Dan-asabe B. , Alabi A. A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study evaluates the environmental, economic, and social impacts of green roofs and walls in urban centers in Nigeria, focusing on Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys, in-depth interviews, direct observations, and document analysis, with a total sample size of 866 respondents. The findings indicate significant environmental benefits, including reductions in urban heat island effects and improvements in air quality. Economically, green roofs and walls contribute to notable energy savings, increased property values, and extended lifespan of roofing materials. Socially, these infrastructures enhance mental well-being and foster community engagement. However, the study also identifies substantial challenges to adoption, such as high initial installation costs and technical maintenance difficulties. Despite these barriers, the positive perceptions and reported benefits suggest a strong potential for green roofs and walls to contribute to sustainable urban development in Nigeria. Comparative analysis with global case studies reveals that the benefits observed in Nigerian cities are consistent with international findings. The study underscores the need for targeted policy interventions, financial incentives, and public awareness campaigns to overcome the identified barriers. By addressing these challenges, it is possible to harness the full potential of green roofs and walls, contributing to more sustainable and livable urban environments in Nigerian cities.
Radiological evaluation of different retroperitoneal lymph node measurements in stage 1 testicular cancer patients: influence on clinical stage and therapy
Authors: Strauch Angelina , Nestler Kai , Schoch Justine , Kubitscheck Laura , Waldeck Stephan , Schmelz Hans , Nestler Tim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose To investigate current inconsistent guideline recommendations for the initial staging of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis in testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) patients and their influence on clinical stage (cS) and therapy.Methods 154 cSI GCT patients who underwent orchiectomy without any adjuvant therapy and a follow-up ≥ 24 months were retrospectively examined. cSI was defined as retroperitoneal lymph nodes < 10mm in axial short-axis diameter (SAD). Retroperitoneal lymph nodes were measured in staging imaging, considering the different dimensions (SAD and long-axis diameter (LAD)) in the three different radiological planes: axial, sagittal and coronal.Results Overall survival (OS) was 100%, 82% were free of recurrence, with a median follow-up of 83 months. By using axial SAD (RECIST 1.1), all patients were classified as cSI. Based on axial LAD (SWENOTECA, German S3 guideline) or maximum LAD in any plane (EAU, ESMO, onkopedia and AJCC), significantly more patients would be classified as cSIIA (0% vs. 38% vs. 52%) or even cSIIB (0% vs. 1% vs. 25%); p < 0.001. Overtreatment would occur in 0%, 31% and 61% for axial SAD, axial LAD and maximum LAD, while undertreatment would affect 18%, 10% and 2%, respectively (p < 0.001).Conclusion We found a huge variety of cS based on different lymph node staging recommendations in current guidelines. With 100% OS in the entire cohort and balancing risks of overtreatment and undertreatment, with stage-adapted treatment at relapse, a prospective multicenter study should investigate whether using axial SAD according to RECIST 1.1 could be the supposed best parameter to standardize guideline recommendations.
Cerebellar glioblastoma in adults: a comparative single-center matched pair analysis and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Lizunou Yauhen , Potthoff Anna-Laura , Schäfer Niklas , Waha Andreas , Borger Valeri , Herrlinger Ulrich , Vatter Hartmut , Schuss Patrick , Schneider Matthias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The rarity of cerebellar glioblastoma presents a significant challenge in clinical practice due to the lack of extensive prognostic data on long-term survival rates, rendering it an underrepresented entity compared to its supratentorial counterpart. This study aims to analyze potential differences in survival outcome between patients with cerebellar and supratentorial glioblastomas.
Methods
From 2009 to 2020, 8 patients underwent surgical treatment for cerebellar glioblastoma at the authors’ institution. These patients were individually matched with a cohort of 205 consecutive patients from our institutional database with supratentorial glioblastoma, taking into account key prognostic parameters. We compared progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates and performed a systematic literature review to compile additional survival data on cerebellar glioblastoma.
Results
The median OS for cerebellar glioblastoma patients was 18 months (95% CI 11–25). The balanced matched-pair analysis showed no significant difference in survival when compared to patients with supratentorial glioblastoma, exhibiting a median OS of 23 months (95% CI 0–62) (p = 0.63). Respective values for PFS were 8 months (95% CI 4–12) for cerebellar and 7 months (95% CI 0–16) for supratentorial glioblastoma (p = 0.2). The systematic review revealed that median OS for cerebellar glioblastoma in current literature ranges from 7 to 21 months.
Conclusions
The present findings indicate that patients with supra- and infratentorial glioblastoma do not significantly differ in regard to survival outcome parameters. This similarity in prognosis might encourage clinicians to consider surgical interventions for both supra- and infratentorial BMs in a similar manner.
Changes in Retromandibular Vein-Skin Distance Depending on Tumor Size and Volume in Benign Superficial Parotid Salivary Gland Tumors: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Evaluation
Authors: Baklacı Deniz , Dalgıç Mustafa , Bilgin Ergin , Işık Hüseyin , Alıcıoğlu Banu , Erdem Duygu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives.
To investigate the effect of tumor size and volume on the retromandibular vein-skin distance and indirectly on the localization of the facial nerve in patients diagnosed with benign superficial parotid salivary gland tumors, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
Methods.
The study included 56 patients who were diagnosed with benign superficial parotid gland tumors and underwent superficial parotidectomy. The relationship of tumor size (anterior-posterior [AP], transverse, and craniocaudal [CC]) and volume with the retromandibular vein-skin distance was evaluated using MRI.
Results.
In the MRI examination of the patients, the mean skin-vein distance was 25.88 ± 6.35 mm on the tumor-positive side and 18.29 ± 4.52 mm on the tumor-negative side. The mean skin-vein distance on the tumor side was found to be statistically significantly higher than on the tumor-free side (p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the skin-vein distance measured on the tumor side and the anteroposterior diameter of the tumor (r = 0.537, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was also observed between the tumor side skin-vein distance and the transverse diameter of the tumor (r = 0.644, p < 0.001). ​​Another positive correlation was found between the skin-vein distance on the tumor side and the CC diameter ​​of the tumor (r = 0.622, p < 0.001). Lastly, there was a positive correlation between the skin-vein distance on the tumor side ​​and tumor volume ​​(r = 0.629, p < 0.001). As the tumor size and volume increased, the skin-vein distance ​​also increased.
Conclusion.
We demonstrated that in benign tumors of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland, the retromandibular vein-skin distance increased on MRI in relation to tumor size and volume. Based on these radiological findings, it is possible to infer that the retromandibular vein lies more medially in cases of benign tumors of the superficial parotid lobe, consequently suggesting that the facial nerve is located deeper.
Loss of chromosome cytoband 13q14.2 orchestrates breast cancer pathogenesis and drug response
Authors: Shahrouzi Parastoo , Azimzade Youness , Brankiewicz Wioletta , Bhatia Sugandha , Kunke David , Richard Derek , Tekpli Xavier , Kristensen Vessela N. , Duijf Pascal H.G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Breast cancer (BCa) is a major global health challenge, characterized by chromosomal instability (CIN) and subsequent acquisition of extensive somatic copy number alterations (CNAs). CNAs including amplifications and deletions, significantly influence intra-tumor heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Among these, the loss of chromosome 13q14.2 emerges as a considerable factor in BCa pathogenesis and treatment responses. We provide evidence that this genomic alteration is under positive selective pressure, correlating with poorer patient survival.Furthermore, through multi-omic and in vitro analyses, we uncover a dual role of 13q14.2 loss: it confers a survival advantage to tumor cells and modulate the cell cycle and pro-apoptotic pathways in cancer cells, affecting macrophages population in the TME, while paradoxically increasing tumor susceptibility to BCL2 inhibitors. These findings suggest that targeting 13q14.2 as a biomarker in BCa could enhance the efficacy of existing treatments and offer a new avenue for improving clinical outcomes in BCa.