bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional relationships between pain and patterns of cannabis and tobacco use in a US nationally representative sample
Authors: Rubenstein Dana , Green Michael J. , Sweitzer Maggie M. , Keefe Francis J. , McClernon F. Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
One-fifth of US adults experience chronic pain, which is associated with increased tobacco and cannabis use. Although bidirectional relationships between tobacco and pain have been demonstrated, pathways between pain, cannabis use, and co-use of cannabis and tobacco are understudied. We aimed to estimate the effects of (1) substance use (exclusive and co-use of cannabis and tobacco) on later pain intensity, and (2) pain intensity on later substance use. Data were from 31,983 adults in biennial surveys (2015-2021) of the US nationally representative longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (n = 71,055 pairs of consecutive surveys; T1 and T2). Past-week pain intensity was dichotomized (≤4/10 no/low pain; >4/10 moderate/severe pain). Mutually exclusive substance use categories (past 30 days) were no cannabis/tobacco use; exclusive cannabis/tobacco use; and co-use. Logistic regression assessed whether T1 substance use affected moderate/severe pain at T2. Multinomial models assessed whether pain status at T1 affected substance use at T2. Compared with no cannabis/tobacco use at T1, co-use (OR: 2.29 [95% CI: 2.09-2.51]), exclusive tobacco use (2.00 [1.86-2.14]), and exclusive cannabis use (1.35 [1.13-1.61]) were all associated with moderate/severe pain at T2. Moderate/severe pain at T1 increased odds of co-use (2.43 [2.22-2.66]), exclusive tobacco (2.12 [1.98-2.28]), and exclusive cannabis use (1.46 [1.29-1.65]) compared with no cannabis/tobacco use at T2, and increased odds of co-use at T2 compared with exclusive cannabis/tobacco use. Findings demonstrated bidirectional relationships between pain and the exclusive use and co-use of cannabis and tobacco and indicate potential synergy in the co-use of cannabis and tobacco with respect to pain.
Neuroleadership: A Concept Analysis and Implications for Nursing
Authors: Abou Hashish Ebtsam Aly 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND:Neuroleadership in nursing is a specialized leadership approach that integrates insights from social neuroscience with nursing leadership practices, aiming to proficiently lead healthcare teams to enhance patient care, staff productivity, and organizational outcomes. Yet, the exploration of neuroleadership in nursing remains limited.AIM:The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of the concept of neuroleadership and its implications in the nursing context.METHODS:Walker and Avant's 8-step methodology was used for this concept analysis, including identifying the concept, clarifying the purpose of the analysis, exploring the uses of the concept, and defining its attributes, model and contrary cases, antecedents and consequences, and its empirical referents. A comprehensive search included PubMed, CINAHL, and ERIC, between 2000 and 2023.RESULTS:This concept analysis significantly contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive overview of neuroleadership as a distinct form of nursing leadership. It covers key aspects such as definition, attributes, uses, cases, antecedents, consequences, and empirical evidence, and highlights the importance of specialized education, practical experience, and leadership attributes in this domain. The findings could serve as determinants for establishing a neuroleadership framework and developing a structured questionnaire to measure neuroleadership among nurses and nurse leaders, thereby addressing existing empirical reference gaps.CONCLUSION:Nurse leaders adopting a neuroleadership approach can gain insights into how cognitive processes shape nurses' behaviors and motivation, which directly impact patient outcomes and care quality. Further research is needed to assess the practical impact of neuroleadership and validate its factors and model case in clinical nursing practice.
Effects of individualized positive end-expiratory pressure on intraoperative oxygenation and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients requiring pneumoperitoneum with Trendelenburg position: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Lingqi , Zhang Bingyan , Qi Jiazheng , Zhao Xu , Yan Xiaojie , Li Bing , Shen Jingjing , Gu Tingting , Yu Qiong , Luo Mengqiang , Wang Yingwei 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Whether individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) improves intraoperative oxygenation and reduces postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined whether individualized PEEP is associated with improved intraoperative oxygenation and reduced PPCs for patients needing pneumoperitoneum with the Trendelenburg position during surgery.

Methods:
Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and www.clinicaltrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of individualized PEEP on intraoperative oxygenation and PPCs in patients who required Trendelenburg positioning with pneumoperitoneum. The primary outcome was the oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2) during the procedure. Secondary outcomes included PPCs, intraoperative respiratory mechanics (driving pressure, compliance), and vasopressor consumption. DerSimonian–Laird random effects models were used to calculate mean differences (MDs) and log risk ratios (log RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool 2.0 was applied to assess the risk of bias in included studies. The protocol of this meta-analysis has been registered in PROSPERO.

Results:
We included 14 studies (1121 patients) that employed different individualized PEEP strategies. Compared with control groups, individualized PEEP groups exhibited a significantly improved intraoperative PaO2/FiO2 (MD=56.52 mmHg, 95% CI: [33.98–79.06], P<0.001) and reduced incidence of PPCs (log RR=−0.50, 95% CI: [−0.84 to −0.16], P=0.004). Individualized PEEP reduced driving pressure while improving respiratory compliance. Intraoperative vasopressor consumption was similar between both groups. The weighted mean PEEP in the individual PEEP groups was 13.2 cmH2O [95% CI, 11.7–14.6]. No evidence indicated that one individualized PEEP strategy is superior to others.

Conclusions:
Individualized PEEP seems to work positively for lung protection in the Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing general anesthesia.
What is the effect of bariatric surgery on health-related quality of life in people with obesity? Observational cohort analysis of the United Kingdom National Bariatric Surgery Registry
Authors: Buckell John , Small Peter K. ,   NBSR Collaborators, Jebb Susan A. , Aveyard Paul , Khan Omar , McGlone Emma Rose 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Previous small studies investigating health-related quality of life (HRQoL) following bariatric surgery have demonstrated heterogenous effects. This study aimed to use National Bariatric Surgery Registry (NBSR) records to investigate the relationship between weight and HRQoL in people undergoing bariatric surgery in the UK.

Materials and methods:
In this observational study using United Kingdom National Bariatric Surgery Registry (NBSR) records between 1st June 2017 and 23rd November 2022, patients undergoing primary bariatric surgery with one baseline and at least one follow-up visit within 1 year from surgery were eligible for inclusion. Models estimated the relationship between EuroQol Five Dimension 5-level (EQ-5D) and BMI at baseline and longitudinally. Further analyses were stratified by type 2 diabetes, type of operation (adjustable gastric band, sleeve, or bypass), and domain of EQ-5D.

Results:
Five thousand five hundred eighty-seven observations of 2160 patients were analysed. At baseline, the mean BMI was 45.7±7.8 kg/m2 and the mean EQ-5D was 0.78±0.22. A 1 kg/m2 higher BMI was associated with 0.005 (95% CI [−0.006 to −0.004]) lower EQ-5D. In the month following surgery, EQ-5D increased to 0.91±0.2 while BMI decreased to 39.8±7.1 kg/m2 (P<0.001 for both); subsequently, EQ-5D plateaued (0.90±0.17 at 12 months) while BMI continued to decrease (31.5±6.2 kg/m2 at 12 months, P<0.001). Each 1 kg/m2 decrease in BMI was associated with a 0.006 (95% CI [−0.007 to −0.005]) increase in EQ-5D. Remission of T2D was independently associated with increase in EQ-5D (0.037, 95% CI [0.015–0.059]); type of operation was not. Decreases in BMI were associated with improvements in all five domains of EQ-5D.

Conclusions:
In this large dataset, greater weight loss and T2D remission were independently associated with greater improvements in HRQoL following bariatric surgery. The HRQoL-BMI relationship for people undergoing bariatric surgery differs to that which has previously been estimated following behavioural interventions. The use of the estimates generated here will be important for clinical and political decision-making.
Social Determinants of Health and Disparities in Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Onishi Kazuma , Abuhamad Alfred , Saade George , Grobman William , Silver Robert , Greenland Philip , Simhan Hyagriv , Bairey Merz Noel C. , Haas David , Samuel Parry , Kawakita Tetsuya 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the extent to which racial and ethnic disparities in adverse pregnancy outcomes between non-Hispanic Black women and non-Hispanic White women may be explained by social determinants of health (SDoH).

METHODS:
This study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study (nuMoM2b [Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be]) that enrolled 10,038 nulliparous individuals with singleton pregnancies. This analysis included only individuals who identified as non-Hispanic Black or non-Hispanic White. We used the nonlinear extension of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition based on logistic regression to estimate the percentage contribution of SDoH to racial and ethnic disparity in preterm birth (PTB) and preeclampsia. Eleven SDoH variables in the models covered various SDoH domains (ie, sociodemographic, psychological, behavioral, social relationship, and health care access and quality).

RESULTS:
Of 10,038 individuals, 1,321 non-Hispanic Black and 5,762 non-Hispanic White individuals composed the study population. Compared with non-Hispanic White individuals, non-Hispanic Black individuals had 3.9% (95% CI, 2.0–5.7) and 4.1% (95% CI, 2.2–6.0) higher frequencies of PTB and preeclampsia, respectively. A large proportion of disparities between non-Hispanic White women and non-Hispanic Black women in PTB (56.4%; 95% CI, 2.9–100.0) and preeclampsia (71.2%; 95% CI, 17.5–100.0) may be explained by SDoH.

CONCLUSION:
A large percentage of the racial and ethnic disparities between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White individuals in PTB and preeclampsia were explained by SDoH. These findings underscore the contribution of SDoH to racial and ethnic disparities in adverse pregnancy outcomes and point to intervention targets to reduce racial health disparities.
Ectopic Olfactory Neuroblastoma Arising in the Nasopharynx
Authors: Zhang Mingxia , Ren Qinzhan , Liu Junqi , Qi Yan , Wang Wei , Wang Zhenlin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is an uncommon malignant tumor typically located in the upper nasal cavity. Olfactory neuroblastoma originating in the nasopharynx is extremely rare and tends to be misdiagnosed. The authors describe a rare case of ONB arising ectopically in the nasopharynx. The patient was a 65-year-old woman with recurrent epistaxis and a feeling of fullness in the right ear. After evaluation, endoscopic surgery was performed. The pathological result proved to be ONB. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed that the tumor was completely resected. The patient proceeded to have 66 Gy of postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy and was followed for 36 months without tumor recurrence. Olfactory neuroblastoma originating from the nasopharynx is more rare condition compared with ONB located in other areas in the literature. The symptoms of ONB ectopic to the nasopharynx are similar to those of other nasopharyngeal tumors, which were likely to be misdiagnosed. The treatment principle is the same as that of nonectopic ONB, which is surgery combined with radiotherapy. Surgery can be performed using an endoscopic transnasal approach.
Frequent Occurrence of Alzheimer Disease in Patients With IgE-mediated Allergies
Authors: Bożek Andrzej , Pawłowicz Robert , Spyra Aleksandra , Tekiela Natalia , Miodonska Martyna , Grzanka Alicja 
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer disease and allergic diseases are common health problems. The aim of the study was to check the hypothesis that older patients with IgE-mediated allergies have a higher prevalence of Alzheimer disease. It was a retrospective, multicenter cohort observation. In total, 7129 people were examined, including 3566 women and 2558 men (mean 64.9±6.9 y). The diagnosis of Alzheimer disease is based on the ICD-10 code and appropriate medical documentation. The proportion of patients with confirmed Alzheimer disease in the group of patients with diagnosed allergy compared to the group of those without allergy was as follows: 13.9% (168) versus 8.2% (484) with P=0.001. There was a positive correlation between the presence of Alzheimer disease and high serum total IgE, eosinophilia, and asthma or the presence of atopic polymorphic disease (P<0.05). IgE-dependent allergic diseases, in particular allergic asthma, and the presence of high serum IgE levels may favor the development of Alzheimer disease.
Mandatory or Voluntary COVID-19 Vaccination: Insights into the Knowledge, Attitude and Perception among Healthcare Workers at a Nursing College in South Africa
Authors: Mokoena Lindokuhle , Singh Tanusha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVaccine hesitancy has emerged as a significant global challenge impacting healthcare institutions, workplaces and governments alike. Despite concerted efforts by the government and numerous other institutions in South Africa, low vaccination rates persist (33% as of November 13, 2023), reflecting the persistence of this global challenge. This challenge is particularly pronounced in educational institutions such as institutions of higher learning in South Africa, where many people converge, increasing the risk of viral exposure. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of healthcare workers (HCWs) at a Nursing College regarding voluntary and mandatory COVID-19 vaccination. Employing a quantitative approach, a survey with closed-ended Likert-type questions was administered to 504 individuals at the College. The sample size of 218 respondents was calculated based on a margin of error of 5%, a confidence level of 95%, and an additional 25% contingency for potential incomplete data, resulting in a final representative sample of 270 respondents. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the analysis. Findings indicate a high uptake of voluntary COVID-19 vaccinations among HCWs, with some being mandated. Most HCWs demonstrated a strong commitment to safeguarding themselves and others. Despite concerns, HCWs thought the COVID-19 vaccines were effective, and their views were supported by a low level of infection among the participants, underscoring its efficacy in preventing transmission. Effective communication emerged as a critical factor in addressing post-vaccination behaviours and enhancing vaccine acceptance. However, the findings also highlighted the need for tailored outreach strategies to specific audiences, such as pregnant women, and the importance of addressing concerns about adverse effects through clear and open communication. Several factors influencing the choice between mandatory and voluntary vaccination were identified, including eligibility concerns, religious convictions, and financial considerations. Notably, concerns about safety and knowledge gaps outweighed these factors, suggesting the need for targeted educational initiatives to bolster vaccine acceptance. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of vaccination acceptance among an influential occupational group, with implications for the acceptance of other vaccines. Vaccination efforts can be strengthened by addressing concerns, enhancing communication strategies, and tailoring outreach efforts to promote public health in light of future outbreaks.Author summaryConception and design of the study: LM, TSData acquisition: LMData analysis: LMInterpretation of the data: LM, TSDrafting of the paper: LMCritical revision of the paper: TSBoth authors approved the final manuscript
Using Glittr.org to find, compare and re-use online materials for training and education
Authors: van Geest Geert , Haefliger Yann , Zahn-Zabal Monique , Palagi Patricia M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA wealth of excellent training and educational materials for the computational life sciences are scattered around the Internet, but they can be hard to find. Many materials reside in public Git repositories that are hosted on platforms such as GitHub and GitLab.Glittr.orgis a manually curated database of Git repositories, which enables users to find educational materials that would otherwise be hard to identify. With the application, users can search and compare educational materials based on topic and author, but also on engagement metrics such as stargazers (bookmarks) and recency (days since last commit).Glittr.orgcurrently contains 664 entries, which are assigned to six different categories within the domain of computational life sciences. By analysing the database, we reveal insights in the availability of materials per topic, collaboration patterns of developers, and licensing practices. This knowledge helps to understand in which areas open educational materials are scant, the importance of Git for collaboration on educational materials and how licensing can be improved to enhance sharing and reuse. Taken together, we show thatGlittr.orgcontains a wealth of connected and openly available metadata. Therefore, it enhances adherence to the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles, which benefits learners, teachers and trainers in the entire life sciences community and beyond.
Protein Language Models in Directed Evolution
Authors: Maguire Russell , Bloznelyte Kotryna , Adepoju Fikayo , Armean-Jones Matthew , Dewan Shafiat , Fozzard Stella , Gupta Akash , Ibrahimi Ece , Jones Frances Patricia , Lalli Preet , Schooneveld Anna , Thompson Sean , Berman David , Addison Will , Rossoni Luca , Taylor Ian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe dominant paradigms for integrating machine-learning into protein engineering arede novoprotein design and guided directed evolution. Guiding directed evolution requires a model of protein fitness, but most models are only evaluatedin silicoon datasets comprising few mutations. Due to the limited number of mutations in these datasets, it is unclear how well these models can guide directed evolution efforts. We demonstratein vitrohow zero-shot and few-shot protein language models of fitness can be used to guide two rounds of directed evolution with simulated annealing. Our few-shot simulated annealing approach recommended enzyme variants with 1.62 × improved PET degradation over 72 h period, outperforming the top engineered variant from the literature, which was 1.40 × fitter than wild-type. In the second round, 240in vitroexamples were used for training, 32 homologous sequences were used for evolutionary context and 176 variants were evaluated for improved PET degradation, achieving a hit-rate of 39 % of variants fitter than wild-type.
Multi-layered dosage compensation of the avian Z chromosome
Authors: Papanicolaou Natali , Lentini Antonio , Wettersten Sebastian , Hagemann-Jensen Michael , Krüger Annika , Zhang Jilin , Coucoravas Christos , Petrosian Ioannis , Xin Xian , Ceyhan Ilhan , Rorbach Joanna , Wright Dominic , Reinius Björn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSex-chromosome dosage represents a challenge for heterogametic species to maintain correct proportion of gene products across chromosomes in each sex. While therian mammals (XX/XY system) achieve near-perfect balance of X-chromosome mRNAs through X-upregulation and X-inactivation, birds (ZW/ZZ system) have been found to lack efficient compensation at RNA level, challenging the necessity of resolving major gene-dosage discrepancies in avian cells. Through allele-resolved multiome analyses, we comprehensively examined dosage compensation in female (ZW), male (ZZ), and rare intersex (ZZW) chicken. Remarkably, this revealed that females exhibit upregulation of their single Z through increased transcriptional burst frequency similar to mammalian X-upregulation, and that Z-protein levels are further balanced via enhanced translation efficiency in females. Global analyses of transcriptional kinetics elements in birds demonstrate remarkable conservation of the genomic encoding of burst kinetics between mammals and birds. Our study uncovers new mechanisms for achieving sex-chromosome dosage compensation and highlights the importance of gene-dosage balance across diverse species.
Analysis of hepatic lentiviral vector transduction; implications for preclinical studies and clinical gene therapy protocols
Authors: Hu Peirong , Hao Yajing , Tang Wei , Diering Graham H. , Zou Fei , Kafri Tal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLentiviral vector-transduced T-cells were approved by the FDA as gene therapy anti-cancer medications. Little is known about the host genetic variation effects on the safety and efficacy of the lentiviral vector gene delivery system. To narrow this knowledge-gap, we characterized hepatic gene delivery by lentiviral vectors across the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse genetic reference population. For 24 weeks, we periodically measured hepatic luciferase expression from lentiviral vectors in 41 CC mouse strains. Hepatic and splenic vector copy numbers were determined. We report that CC mouse strains showed highly diverse outcomes following lentiviral gene delivery. For the first time, moderate correlation between mouse strain-specific sleeping patterns and transduction efficiency was observed. We associated two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with intra-strain variations in transduction phenotypes, which mechanistically relates to the phenomenon of metastable epialleles. An additional QTL was associated with the kinetics of hepatic transgene expression. Genes comprised in the above QTLs are potential targets to personalize gene therapy protocols. Importantly, we identified two mouse strains that open new directions in characterizing continuous viral vector silencing and HIV latency. Our findings suggest that wide-range patient-specific outcomes of viral vector-based gene therapy should be expected. Thus, novel escalating dose-based clinical protocols should be considered.