bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Leukocyte‐ and Platelet‐Rich Fibrin (L‐PRF) on Bone Regeneration: A Study in Rabbits
Authors: Knapen Michel , Gheldof Damien , Drion Pierre , Layrolle Pierre , Rompen Eric , Lambert France 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe positive effect of leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) on osteogenesis has been widely described in vitro. However, clinical and preclinical studies are very little and controversial in demonstrating a significant beneficial effect of L‐PRF in bone regeneration.PurposeThe goal of the present study was to compare the potential effect of L‐PRF in a standardized model.Materials and MethodsA total of 72 hemispheres were implanted on the calvaria of 18 rabbits and filled with three different space fillers: L‐PRF, bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA), BHA + L‐PRF, and an empty hemisphere was used as control. Six rabbits were sacrificed at three distinct time points: 1 week, 5 weeks, and 12 weeks. Histological and histomorphometrical analyses were carried out.ResultsAt the early phase of bone regeneration (1 week), from a descriptive analysis, a higher proportion of connective tissue colonized the regeneration chamber in the two groups containing BHA particles. Nevertheless, no statistical differences were found within the four groups in terms of bone quantity and quality at each timepoint (p = .3623).ConclusionsAccording to the present study, L‐PRF does not seem to provide any additional effect on the kinetics, quality, and quantity of bone in the present model of guided bone regeneration.
A Multifactorial Analysis to Identify Predictors of Implant Failure and Peri‐Implant Bone Loss
Authors: Vervaeke Stijn , Collaert Bruno , Cosyn Jan , Deschepper Ellen , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify risk factors for failure and bone loss of implants in a large study sample on the basis of multivariate analyses.Materials and MethodsPatient files of all patients referred for implant treatment from November 2004 to December 2007 were scrutinized, and information on implant‐ and patient‐related factors was collected. The study sample in this retrospective cohort study consisted of both partially dentate and fully edentulous patients referred for various indications. The only inclusion criterion was a follow‐up of at least 2 years. Implant survival and bone loss were assessed by an external investigator (SV) comparing digital periapical radiographs taken during recall visits with the postoperative ones. Univariate and multivariate tests were adopted to identify possible risk indicators for implant failure and peri‐implant bone loss.ResultsTwenty‐one of 1,320 (1.6%) implants were lost in 19 of 376 (5.1%) patients (210 female, 166 male; mean age 56, range 17–82) after a mean follow‐up of 32 months (range 24–62). Based on multivariate analysis, only smoking (p = .001) and recall compliance (p = .010) had a significant influence on implant failure, with smokers more prone to failure. The overall mean bone loss was 0.36 mm (SD 0.68, range 0.00–7.10). Smoking (p = .001) and jaw of treatment (p = .001) affected peri‐implant bone loss. More peri‐implant bone loss was observed in smokers and in the maxilla. A clear discrepancy was found between univariate and multivariate analysis with regard to identification of risk factors.ConclusionMultivariate analysis demonstrated that implant‐related factors did not affect the clinical outcome, but smoking was identified as a predictor for implant failure. Predictors for peri‐implant bone loss were smoking and jaw of treatment.
Responses of different geographic populations of two potato tuber moth species to genetic variants of Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus
Authors: Zeddam Jean‐Louis , Léry Xavier , Gómez‐Bonilla Yannery , Espinel‐Correal Carlos , Páez David , Rebaudo François , López‐Ferber Miguel 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPhthorimaea operculella granulovirus (PhopGV) belongs to the genus Betabaculovirus of the arthropod‐infecting Baculoviridae. PhopGV is able to infect several gelechiid species. Among them are the potato tuber moths Phthorimaea operculella Zeller and Tecia solanivora Povolny (both Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). In various South American countries, PhopGV‐based biopesticides are used to control either P. operculella or T. solanivora. Many trials have indicated that a particular viral isolate can exhibit very distinct pathogenicity when infecting different host species or different populations of one host species. In this study, we compared host–pathogen interactions using various PhopGV isolates and various populations of P. operculella and T. solanivora. Virus isolates from P. operculella were more pathogenic against their original host species than against T. solanivora. A PhopGV isolated from T. solanivora was less efficient against P. operculella. In addition, virus isolates differed in pathogenicity toward their hosts (i.e., lethal concentrations of isolates ranged from low to high). Unexpectedly, we also found that host populations of one species from distinct geographic origins did not differ significantly in susceptibility to the same PhopGV isolate. This was the case for both host species and for five PhopGV isolates. Comparative restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of 11 isolates including those used in bio‐assays indicated three main regions of variation in the genome of PhopGV, corresponding to the regions of open reading frame PhopGV046, gene PhopGV129 (egt), and repeat 9 (located between open reading frames PhopGV083 and PhopGV084). Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the insertions/deletions present in these regions were carried out for the most variable isolate, JLZ9f. The results are discussed in the context of the production and use of PhopGV as a biological agent against these two pest species.
Industrial‐strength ecology: trade‐offs and opportunities in algal biofuel production
Authors: Shurin Jonathan B. , Abbott Rachel L. , Deal Michael S. , Kwan Garfield T. , Litchman Elena , McBride Robert C. , Mandal Shovon , Smith Val H. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMicroalgae represent one of the most promising groups of candidate organisms for replacing fossil fuels with contemporary primary production as a renewable source of energy. Algae can produce many times more biomass per unit area than terrestrial crop plants, easing the competing demands for land with food crops and native ecosystems. However, several aspects of algal biology present unique challenges to the industrial‐scale aquaculture of photosynthetic microorganisms. These include high susceptibility to invading aquatic consumers and weeds, as well as prodigious requirements for nutrients that may compete with the fertiliser demands of other crops. Most research on algal biofuel technologies approaches these problems from a cellular or genetic perspective, attempting either to engineer or select algal strains with particular traits. However, inherent functional trade‐offs may limit the capacity of genetic selection or synthetic biology to simultaneously optimise multiple functional traits for biofuel productivity and resilience. We argue that a community engineering approach that manages microalgal diversity, species composition and environmental conditions may lead to more robust and productive biofuel ecosystems. We review evidence for trade‐offs, challenges and opportunities in algal biofuel cultivation with a goal of guiding research towards intensifying bioenergy production using established principles of community and ecosystem ecology.
Experimental and simulation analysis in edge cracking for cold rolled thin strip
Authors: Xie H. B. , Jiang Z. Y. , Yuen W. Y. D. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTEdge cracks in rolled metal products occur occasionally, which influence the rolled strip properties and productivity significantly. Previous studies have indicated that the crack initiation at high plastic strain amplitude mainly occurs at the grain boundaries and stress concentration zone. The mechanics of crack propagation is still not fully identified, especially in the cold rolled thin strip. In this research, experimental investigation and associated analysis have been conducted on the edge crack evolution for thin strip in cold rolling. Three‐dimensional finite element numerical simulations have been conducted to assist in better understanding of crack propagation at the rolled strip edge. The impacts of the reduction and the friction coefficients on crack propagation are analysed. Simulation result shows that the thickness reduction and friction influence significantly the propagation of edge cracks. The optimum rolling schedule to obtain crack‐free products in metal forming of thin strip is discussed.
Between two families: the social meaning of remittances for Vietnamese marriage migrants in Singapore
Authors: YEOH BRENDA S. A. , LENG CHEE HENG , DUNG VU THI KIEU , YI'EN CHENG 
Published: September 2013

AbstractScholars who have applied transnational perspectives to studies of migration and remittances have called for a move beyond the developmentalist approach to accommodate an expanded understanding of the social meanings of remittances. Researchers working in Asia have begun to view the remittances of money, gifts and services that labour migrants send to their families as transnational ‘acts of recognition’, as an enactment of gendered roles and identities, and as a component of the social practices that create the ties that bind migrants to their ‘home’ countries. In this article, we depart from the more common focus on remittance behaviour among labour migrants and turn instead to examine how, as marriage migrants, Vietnamese women generate and confer meaning on the remittances they send. First, from the women's viewpoint, we discuss the extent to which expectations vested in being able to generate remittances for the natal family by marrying a Singaporean man not only translate into motivation for marriage migration but also shape the parameters of the marriage. Second, we show how sending remittances are significant to the women as ‘acts of recognition’ in the construction of gendered identities as filial daughters, and, through the ‘connecting’ and ‘disconnecting’ power of remittances, in the reimagining of the transnational family. Third, we discuss the strategies that women devise in negotiating between the conflicting demands and expectations of their natal and marital families and in securing their ‘place’ between two families. We base our findings on an analysis of interviews and ethnographic work with Vietnamese women and their Singaporean husbands through commercial matchmaking agencies.
Strategic coupling as capacity: how seaports connect to global flows of containerized transport
Authors: JACOBS WOUTER , LAGENDIJK ARNOUD 
Published: September 2013

AbstractStrategic coupling refers to the process of matching local assets with global network demands. Although the concept has benefited from an increase in relational thinking, several critical issues remain unresolved. In this article, we identify and discuss three such issues – the characteristics of the entities involved in strategic coupling, the way in which the ‘local’ is conceptualized in the context of ‘global’ positioning, and the understanding of strategic action. To address these issues, we use Cox's notion of ‘spaces of dependence and engagement’ in combination with Ball's concept of the ‘structure of provision’. The case of the port of Rotterdam demonstrates the value of our perspective in elucidating the process of ‘strategic coupling’ within global networks of containerized traffic.
Spatial niche partitioning of two saproxylic sibling species (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae, genus Gnorimus)
Authors: Trizzino Marco , Bisi Francesco , Morelli Carlo E. , Preatoni Damiano G. , Wauters Lucas A. , Martinoli Adriano 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Knowledge on ecological requirements of species is a focal point for their conservation, especially if they live in threatened habitat types such as old‐growth forests.
We predict that habitat requirements shape the spatial niche partition of two sibling species of saproxylic beetles Gnorimus nobilis and Gnorimus variabilis.
To test our hypothesis, we conducted a comparative study on the presence and abundance of these chafer beetles in northern Apennines using air‐trapping, exploring the effects of altitude and habitat type.
We performed our analyses in a study area of 268 800 ha, where we detected nine patches of putatively suitable habitat (13 347 ha), setting a total of 82 air‐traps.
We collected an unexpected high number of specimens of both species, and found that G. nobilis and G. variabilis are rarely syntopic, having different ecological preferences influenced primarily by altitude, but also by forest type.
The Spirit and the Community: Pneumatology and Ecclesiology in Jenson, Hütter and Bonhoeffer
Authors: Mawson Michael 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article explores how three Lutheran theologians have understood the relationship between the work of the Holy Spirit and the existing church. I argue that Robert Jenson and Reinhard Hütter both relate the Spirit to the church in ways that displace a full recognition of the church as sinful. In contrast, I suggest how Dietrich Bonhoeffer's early and neglected reflections on ecclesiology and pneumatology allow for just such a recognition.
Negotiating palliative care in the context of culturally and linguistically diverse patients
Authors: Broom A. , Good P. , Kirby E. , Lwin Z. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThere is an increasing emphasis on meeting the healthcare needs of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities in Australia. Negotiating the point of futility and the transition to specialist palliative care requires not only effective communication but also sensitivity to cultural and linguistic specificities. This can be a challenging process for clinicians, patients and families. Here, we outline some of the key challenges currently facing many clinicians in the context of CALD patients, with particular reference to the transitioning of patients to specialist palliative care. We suggest a focus on further research that can systematically document and model existing CALD‐specific clinical processes and pathways, which can then support the development of targeted educational interventions. This includes developing a multi‐stakeholder understanding of the CALD experience that moves beyond cultural stereotyping and predicting need.
A Likelihood-Based Sensitivity Analysis for Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis
Authors: Copas John B. 
Published: September 2013

Summary
A common conjecture in the study of publication bias is that studies reporting a significant result are more likely to be selected for review than studies whose results are inconclusive. We envisage a population of studies following the standard random-effects model of meta-analysis, and a selection probability given by a function of the study's ‘t-statistic’. In practice it is difficult to estimate this function, and hence difficult to estimate its associated bias correction. The paper suggests the more modest aim of a sensitivity analysis in which the treatment effect is estimated by maximum likelihood constrained by given values of the marginal probability of selection. This gives a graphical summary of how the inference from a meta-analysis changes as we allow for increasing selection (as the marginal selection probability decreases from 1), with an associated diagnostic plot comparing the observed treatment effects with their fitted values implied by the corresponding selection model. The approach is motivated by a medical example in which the highly significant result of a published meta-analysis was subsequently overturned by the results of a large-scale clinical trial.
Estimating the Relationship Between Women's Education and Fertility in Botswana by Using an Instrumental Variable Approach to Semiparametric Expectile Regression
Authors: Sobotka Fabian , Radice Rosalba , Marra Giampiero , Kneib Thomas 
Published: September 2013

SummaryWe analyse the education–fertility relationship by using data on women from Botswana. A realistic quantification of such a relationship can be problematic for various reasons. First, factors such as motivation and ability are associated with fertility and education but cannot be observed and as a consequence cannot be included in the model. Here, the use of classical estimation methods will clearly result in inconsistent and biased parameter estimates. Second, there is strong heteroscedasticity in the data, which makes it very difficult to specify a suitable error distribution. Finally, covariate–response relationships can exhibit non-linear patterns. Provided that an instrumental variable is available, it is possible to employ a two-stage-type estimation approach to account for unobservable confounders. Such a technique is among the most widely used methods for isolating the effect of a predictor of interest in the presence of unobservable confounding and assures consistent estimation results. A two-stage approach can be embedded in a semiparametric expectile regression setting, hence providing possibilities for flexible additive covariate structures and modelling the whole conditional distribution of the response. Owing to its convenient estimation techniques, expectile regression may be preferable to quantile regression relying on linear programming techniques which require more numerical effort and may not accommodate very flexible model structures. We introduce a semiparametric instrumental variable expectile regression approach and study its empirical properties via an extensive simulation study. Further, corrected confidence intervals for the two-stage approach are presented. The methods are then employed to assess the education–fertility relationship.
Optimization of Power Consumption and Device Availability Based on Point Process Modelling of the Request Sequence
Authors: Durand Jean-Baptiste , Girard Stéphane , Ciriza Victor , Donini Laurent 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe paper addresses the optimal choice of the waiting period (or time out) that a device should respect before entering sleep mode, to optimize a trade-off between power consumption and device availability. The optimal time out is inferred by appropriate statistical modelling of the times between user requests. In our first approach, these times are assumed to be independent, and a constant optimal time out is inferred accordingly. In our second approach, some dependence is introduced through a hidden Markov chain, which also models specific activity states, like business hours or night periods. This model leads to a statistical framework for computing adaptive optimal time-out values. Different strategies are assessed by using real data sets, on the basis of power consumption and device availability from the user's point of view.
Bias Correction for the Proportional Odds Logistic Regression Model with Application to a Study of Surgical Complications
Authors: Lipsitz Stuart R. , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Regenbogen Scott E. , Sinha Debajyoti , Ibrahim Joseph G. , Gawande Atul A. 
Published: September 2013

Summary
The proportional odds logistic regression model is widely used for relating an ordinal outcome to a set of covariates. When the number of outcome categories is relatively large, the sample size is relatively small and/or certain outcome categories are rare, maximum likelihood can yield biased estimates of the regression parameters. Firth and Kosmidis proposed a procedure to remove the leading term in the asymptotic bias of the maximum likelihood estimator. Their approach is most easily implemented for univariate outcomes. We derive a bias correction that exploits the proportionality between Poisson and multinomial likelihoods for multinomial regression models. Specifically, we describe a bias correction for the proportional odds logistic regression model, based on the likelihood from a collection of independent Poisson random variables whose means are constrained to sum to 1, that is straightforward to implement. The method proposed is motivated by a study of predictors of post-operative complications in patients undergoing colon or rectal surgery.
Survival Analysis with Time Varying Covariates Measured at Random Times by Design
Authors: Rathbun Stephen L. , Song Xiao , Neustifter Benjamin , Shiffman Saul 
Published: September 2013

SummaryEcological momentary assessment is a method for collecting realtime data in subjects' environments. It often uses electronic devices to obtain information on psychological state through administration of questionnaires at times that are selected from a probability-based sampling design. This information can be used to model the effect of momentary variation in psychological state on the lifetimes to events such as smoking lapse. Motivated by this, a probability sampling framework is proposed for estimating the effect of time varying covariates on the lifetimes to events. Presented as an alternative to joint modelling of the covariate process as well as event lifetimes, this framework calls for sampling covariates at the event lifetimes and at times that are selected according to a probability-based sampling design. A design-unbiased estimator for the cumulative hazard is substituted into the log-likelihood, and the resulting objective function is maximized to obtain the proposed estimator. This estimator has two quantifiable sources of variation: that due to the survival model and that due to sampling the covariates. Data from a nicotine patch trial are used to illustrate the approach proposed.
Going beyond GDP: An OECD Perspective*
Authors: Boarini Romina , D'Ercole Marco Mira 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper presents some of the main features of recent OECD work on people's well‐being and societies' progress. After discussing the main limitations of GDP as a measure of ‘welfare’, the paper presents the multidimensional framework and rationale underpinning the OECD Better Life Initiative, and describes how this framework aims to overcome the limitations of GDP. The paper also presents some of the evidence from the OECD ‘Better Life Index’, an interactive tool that allows citizens to compare countries according to their own views and preferences on the relative importance of the different aspects of human well‐being.
Multidimensional Welfare: Do Groups Vary in Their Priorities and Behaviours?*
Authors: Bellani Luna , Hunter Graham , Anand Paul 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn the context of multidimensional measures of well‐being, a key question for policy is whether particular groups have differing priorities and are therefore likely to react differently to given economic or social shocks. We explore this issue by presenting the results of two related analyses that suggest positive answers on both counts. First, we apply reference class weights to unique data on adult capabilities in the UK and show that relative weights vary across some groupings. Furthermore, in some cases, deprivation rankings of groups vary depending on which weights are used. Second, we explore possible behavioural consequences of different weights by examining the extent to which groups respond differently to three economic and social shocks (unemployment, widowhood and ill health). In this case, we find that weights and responses vary noticeably with age and region and sometimes with gender. We conclude that whilst equal weighting may be practically unavoidable when constructing indices of welfare in the absence of information on weights, their estimation from survey or experimental data is likely to be justified and may change views about policy needs or efficacy.