bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Simulation Education Via Electronic Surveys Immediately Following Live Critical Events: A Pilot Study
Authors: Happel Corinne Savides , Lease Meredith A. , Nishisaki Akira , Braga Matthew S. 
Published: February 2015

Background and Objectives:
Simulation-based medical education has become popular in postgraduate training for medical emergencies; however, the direct impact on learners’ clinical performances during live critical events is unknown. Our goal was to evaluate the perceived impact of simulation-based education on pediatric emergencies by auditing pediatric residents immediately after involvement in actual emergency clinical events.

Methods:
Weekly team-based pediatric simulation training for inpatient emergencies was implemented in an academic tertiary care hospital. Immediately after actual pediatric emergency events, each resident involved was audited regarding roles, performed tasks, and perceived effectiveness of earlier simulation-based education. The audit was performed by using a Likert scale.

Results:
From September 2010 through August 2011, a total of 49 simulation sessions were held. During the same period, 27 pediatric emergency events occurred: 3 code events, 14 rapid response team activations, and 10 emergency transfers to the PICU. Forty-seven survey responses from 20 pediatric residents were obtained after the emergency clinical events. Fifty-three percent of residents felt well prepared, and 45% reported having experienced a similar simulation before the clinical event. A preceding similar simulation experience was perceived as helpful in improving clinical performance. Residents’ confidence levels, however, did not differ significantly between those who reported having had a preceding similar simulation and those who had not (median of 4 vs median of 3; P = .16, Wilcoxon rank-sum test).

Conclusions:
A novel electronic survey was successfully piloted to measure residents’ perceptions of simulation education compared with live critical events. Residents perceived that their experiences in earlier similar simulations positively affected their performances during emergencies.
INTERACTIVE ILUSTRATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS TEACHING
Authors: Pereira M.R. , Dórea F.C. , Lima C.M.R. , Castro M.S. , Fontes W. 
Published: February 2015

Computational resources became the major tool in the challenge of making high education moreeasy and motivating. Complex Biochemical pathways can now be presented in interactive and three-dimensional animations. One of the most complex (detailed) and interesting metabolic pathway thatstudents must understand in biochemical courses is photosynthesis. The light-dependent reactionsare of special interest since they involve many dierent kinds of mechanisms, as light absorptionby membrane complexes, proteins movement inside membranes, reactions of water hydrolysis, andelectrons ow; making it dicult to understand by static bi-dimensional representations.The resources of animation and ActionScript programming were used to make an interactive ani-mation of photosynthesis, which at some times even simulates three-dimensionality. The animationbegins with a leaf and progressively zooms in, until we have a scheme of a tylakoyd membrane, whereeach of the dierent steps of the pathway can be clicked to reveal a more detailed scheme of it. Whereappropriate, the energy graphs are shown side by side with the reactions. The electron is representedwith a face, so it can be shown to be stressing while going up in the energy graphs. Finally, there isa simplied version of the whole pathway, to illustrate how it all goes together.The objective is to help professors on teaching the subject in regular classes, since currently allthe explanations are omitted. In a future version, texts will be added to each step so it can beself-explicative to the students, helping them even on home or on-line learning.
A Novel, Field-Representative Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Coreflood Method
Authors: Gupta Robin , Lu Pengbo , Glotzbach Rodney , Hehmeyer Owen 
Published: February 2015

Summary
This study describes a new method that can improve laboratory determination of enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) potential for a test fluid relative to a base fluid. The new method uses a modified steady-state fractional-flow method to measure the shift in oil saturation in a rock at an intermediate fractional flow when changing from a base brine to a test EOR brine(s). This study uses fractional-flow analysis and simulations to illustrate the new method and compare it with the conventional-unsteady-state approach. Through case studies, this work demonstrates that the conventional-unsteady-state approach can under- or overestimate EOR brine performance because of poor test design or limitations of the conventional method. The proposed method addresses these limitations. The study also discusses how to determine optimal values of fractional-flow rate and total flow rate, both of which are critical test parameters for the new method.
Modeling the Properties of H2S/CO2/Salt/Water Systems in Wide Ranges of Temperature and Pressure
Authors: Springer Ronald D. , Wang Peiming , Anderko Andrzej 
Published: February 2015

SummaryTo address the need to predict the properties of fluids in severe environments in the oil and gas industry, a comprehensive thermodynamic model has been developed for mixtures containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), H2O, and selected salts. The model is based on the previously developed mixed-solvent electrolyte framework, which combines an equation of state for standard-state properties of individual species, an excess-Gibbs-energy model, and an algorithm for solving phase and chemical equilibria in multiphase systems. The standard-state properties are calculated from the Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers (Helgeson et al. 1974a, 1974b, 1976, 1981; Tanger and Helgeson 1988) equation, whereas the excess Gibbs energy is expressed as a sum of a long-range electrostatic-interaction term expressed by a Pitzer-Debye-Hückel equation (Pitzer 1980), a virial coefficient-type term for interactions between ions, and a short-range term for interactions involving neutral molecules. The model has been parameterized using critically evaluated phase equilibrium data for various binary and ternary subsystems of the H2S/CO2/H2O/Na/Ca/Cl system and has been validated for temperatures ranging from 0 to 300°C, pressures up to approximately 3,500 atm, and salt concentrations up to solid saturation. The model reproduces chemical speciation in acid gas/brine systems as exemplified by the accurate prediction of pH. Because of its capability of predicting pH and activities of solution species, the model can serve as a foundation for studying metal/environment interactions in severe oil and gas environments.
Neuroscience & Four Challenges Concerning Freedom, Character, & Action
Authors: Peterson Gregory R 
Published: February 2015

This short talk will introduce four challenges posed by neuroscience for our understanding of moral personhood and action. I begin with a well-known challenge: that of free will and voluntary action. I propose to frame the challenge not in terms of whether or not we have free will, but the kind of freedom we have. In philosophy, this often centers on debates between libertarian free will and compatibilist free will. There are already a significant number of neuroscientific studies providing evidence on this question. But there are two further questions that can be asked. First, what would it take to conclusively show that humans do (or do not) have free will? Second, if it turns out that we don’t have free will, can neuroscience provide means to help us have free will?A second challenge, deeply tied to that of freedom, concerns moral responsibility. Increasingly, brain scans are being used in courts of law aiming to show whether or not a defendant can be held responsible for the crimes committed. Such usages are requiring scholars to consider how and when this new form of scientific evidence can be used, and what the evidence shows. The traditional view is that moral responsibility is connected to our ability to act freely. To what extent can brain scans show that I am incapable of acting freely? To what extent can brain scans show that I lack the ability to act responsibly?A third challenge: A long standing tradition in philosophical ethics places equal if not more emphasis on the role of character in decision-making. What matters is not simply that I make the right decision, but that the decision also flows out of a pattern of life, one lived according to virtue. According to Aristotle, virtues are developed through habitual action and by example. If this is so, then there is good reason to think that there is a real sense that virtues are encoded in the brain. Thus, we can ask, to what extent can there be a science of virtue? Can neuroscience tell us the difference between the courageous person and the coward? If so, what role can and should neuroscience play in helping us turn the coward into the courageous, the selfish into the generous?This leads to the final challenge: Should we socially implement neurotechnologies and, if so, how should we implement them? One form of implementation, that of neuroceuticals, exists already. Many American college students take Ritalin in an effort to improve performance on exams. Neuroscientific interventions can be used for individual level therapy and enhancement. But they can also be used for broader social purposes. If a soldier’s PTSD can be reduced with a pill, or if individuals who are socially deviant can be treated with transcranial magnetic stimulation, to what extent is this a good thing, and what are the lines that we ought not to cross?
Editorial
Authors: Laude Patrick 
Published: February 2015

Many of our most religious contemporaries have tended to focus on the beyond and hereafter, as well as its moral prerequisites, while paying relatively little attention to the natural environment. Thus, the environment is not uncommonly identified with a “here-below” that has to be transcended, if not overcome and mastered. This has held especially true as religious faithful read in the perspective of “nature lovers” and “environmentalists” an exclusive focus on this earth as a natural paradise and an end in itself, one that in fact obstructs any access to God.
Similarly, believers like to emphasize the All-Powerfulness of God, thereby belittling the power of man in the cosmic drama. Thus, an overemphasis on the “hand of God” might lead to the unfortunate consequence of a lack of sense of cosmic responsibility. This was illustrated to my dismay by the reflections of a conservative Evangelical Christian who, upon my mentioning the gravity of the current environmental crisis, could only respond with the words “don't be concerned, God will take care of it.” This tendency is, it must be said, reinforced by the spectacle of feverish activism and utter lack of awareness of God’s power over the cosmos that characterizes the secularized mind of the majority, even when it is self-identified as religious.
As understandable as they may circumstantially be, these attitudes are based on the ignorance, or at least the neglect, of two fundamental religious principles. The first teaches that the roots of nature are to be found in God: the beauty and majesty of virgin nature reflect the Divine Qualities, and must therefore be approached as sacred. The second lies in the responsibility with which mankind is entrusted by its Creator to care over nature. Mankind’s God-given privilege of “dominion” over nature is not a license to plunder it, no more than the parents’ God-given authority over their children can legitimize any abuse. Thus, a radical restoration of religious environmental consciousness would presuppose both a sense of the divine presence in the world, and an understanding of mankind’s metaphysical function in the cosmos. Short of an awareness of the anthropo-cosmic unity of God, mankind and nature, a measure of environmental consciousness is indeed possible --as we can observe interestingly in secular Northern Europe, but it misses the point of nature as a symbol and a presence, and condemns itself to remain superficially utilitarian, sentimental or moralistic.
Traditional religions have taught their faithful to be aware of both transcendence and immanence, both the Divine Beyond and the Divine Presence, both Divine power and human freedom and responsibility. Today’s believers need to realize more fully that the here-below proceeds from, and reflects, the Beyond, and that Divine Power does not abolish mankind’s capacities and duties, but in fact enhances them.
Human Conscience and “Cosmism” of Islam
Authors: Geoffroy Eric 
Published: February 2015

There can be no basis for ecological responsibility when we commodify the world and monetize our values. The true praxis of ecological responsibility, ethic of sacrifice – that is, "making things sacred". Our ecological responsibility is to treat life as sacred, to regard it as the expression of divine Beauty, and to respond to it out of the compassionate depths of our own primordial nature, which, like its substance, is intrinsically Good. It is by the restoration of our inner beauty that we can recover the outer equilibrium that is the goal of ecological responsibility. It is by discovering what is sacred within our souls that we can discover "the dearest freshness deep down things", and only then can we fulfil the burden of our Trust and restore our harmony with nature.
KEYWORDS: Stewardship, unitive vision of beauty, seeing God everywhere, Gaian ecosystem, anthropocentrism, ethic of sacrifice.
Islam and the environment
Authors: Windsor HRH Charles 
Published: February 2015

Vice Chancellor, Your Royal Highnesses, Director, Ladies and Gentlemen.
It is a very great pleasure for me to be here today to help you celebrate the Oxford Centre's twenty-fifth anniversary. Whereas bits of your Patron are dropping off after the past quarter of a century, I find quite a few bits of the Centre still being added! However, I cannot tell you how encouraged I am that in addition to the Prince of Wales Fellowship, the number of fellowships you now offer continues to grow and also that this Summer you will welcome the fifth group of young people on your Young Muslim Leadership programme which is run in association with my charities. This is a vital contribution to the process of boosting the self-esteem of young Muslims – about whom I care deeply.
I am slightly alarmed that it is now seventeen years since I came here to the Sheldonian to deliver a lecture for the Centre that tried to do just this. I called it “Islam and the West” and, from what I can tell, it clearly struck a chord, and not just here in the U.K. I am still reminded of what I said, particularly when I travel in the Islamic world – in fact, because it was printed, believe it or not, it is the only speech I have ever made which continues to produce a small return!
I wanted to give that lecture to address the dangers of the ignorance and misunderstanding that I felt were growing between the Islamic world and the West in the aftermath of the Cold War. Since then, the situation has both improved and worsened, depending on where you look. Certainly the sorts of advances made by the Oxford Centre have helped to build confidence and understanding, but we all know only too well how some of the things I warned of in that lecture have since come to pass, both here and elsewhere in the world. So it is tremendously important that we continue to work to heal the differences and overcome the misconceptions that still exist. I remain confident that this is possible because there are many values we all share that have the powerful capacity to bind us, rather than what happens when those values are forgotten – or purposefully ignored.
Healing division is also my theme today, but this time it is not the divisions between cultures I want to explore. It is the division that poses a much more fundamental threat to the health and well-being of us all. It is the widening division we are seeing in so many ways between humanity and Nature.
Hybrid-learning for social design
Authors: Emans Denielle , Hempel Adina 
Published: February 2015

Underlying causes of conflict, inequity, and injustice remain deeply entrenched in the lives of people ranging from impoverished villages to overpopulated megalopolises. To help address these complex issues, social design brings together designers from varying disciplines to address the needs of the community. While universities across the world recognize the need to introduce social design pedagogy into their curriculum, many programs remain confined within Western post-graduate education. In response, two multidisciplinary professors initiated a team-taught ‘Design for Social Change’ course in an undergraduate design program in Dubai, UAE. Open to students across disciplines, the course followed a hybrid-learning approach to planning, conducting, and evaluating learning activities. The methodology empowered students to determine their project interest, cooperatively build research, and value their diverse skills. This paper introduces the notion of hybrid-learning, collabor-active team-teaching in an interdisciplinary classroom, and applies the methodology to a social design course in the MENA region.
This paper has been presented as part of the Tasmeem Exploration Platform during Tasmeem Conference, Doha, 2013.
Application of meta‐ and para‐Phenylenediamine as Enhanced Oxime Ligation Catalysts for Protein Labeling, PEGylation, Immobilization, and Release
Authors: Mahmoodi Mohammad M. , Rashidian Mohammad , Zhang Yi , Distefano Mark D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Meta‐ and para‐phenylenediamines have recently been shown to catalyze oxime and hydrazone ligation reactions at rates much faster than aniline, a commonly used catalyst. Here, we demonstrate how these new catalysts can be used in a generally applicable procedure for fluorescent labeling, PEGylation, immobilization, and release of aldehyde‐ and ketone‐ functionalized proteins. The chemical orthogonality of phenylenediamine‐catalyzed oxime ligation versus copper‐catalyzed click reaction has also been harnessed for simultaneous dual labeling of bifunctional proteins containing both aldehyde and alkyne groups in high yield. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Adriamycin Nephropathy in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Wang Yuan Min , Wang Yiping , Harris David C. H. , Alexander Stephen I. , Lee Vincent W. S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractChronic proteinuric renal injury is a major cause of end stage renal disease. Adriamycin nephropathy (AN) is a murine model of chronic proteinuric renal disease whereby chemical injury is followed by immune and structural changes that mimic human disease. This unit describes the method of AN induced by a single injection of adriamycin (ADR) in BALB/c mice. After the initial toxic injury, an immune‐mediated chronic proteinuric renal disease that resembles human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis develops. The clinic pathological features of AN are nephrotic syndrome, focal glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury, and interstitial compartment expansion with mononuclear cell infiltrates that are composed largely of macrophages and T cells. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Animal Models for the Analysis of Immune Responses to Leishmaniasis
Authors: Sacks David L. , Melby Peter C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis unit focuses on the murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis and models of visceral leishmaniasis in mice and hamsters. Each basic protocol describes the methods used to inoculate parasites and to evaluate infections with regard to lesion progression and visceralization, and quantification of parasite load. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantifying global dust devil occurrence from meteorological analyses
Authors: Jemmett‐Smith Bradley C. , Marsham John H. , Knippertz Peter , Gilkeson Carl A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDust devils and nonrotating dusty plumes are effective uplift mechanisms for fine particles, but their contribution to the global dust budget is uncertain. By applying known bulk thermodynamic criteria to European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analyses, we provide the first global hourly climatology of potential dust devil and dusty plume (PDDP) occurrence. In agreement with observations, activity is highest from late morning into the afternoon. Combining PDDP frequencies with dust source maps and typical emission values gives the best estimate of global contributions of 3.4% (uncertainty 0.9–31%), 1 order of magnitude lower than the only estimate previously published. Total global hours of dust uplift by dry convection are ~0.002% of the dust‐lifting winds resolved by ECMWF, consistent with dry convection making a small contribution to global uplift. Reducing uncertainty requires better knowledge of factors controlling PDDP occurrence, source regions, and dust fluxes induced by dry convection.
Efficient and Scalable Culture of Single Dissociated Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Recombinant E8 Fragments of Human Laminin Isoforms
Authors: Miyazaki Takamichi , Kawase Eihachiro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis unit describes a protocol for efficient expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). A key feature of this method is subculture of hPSCs by single‐cell dissociation passaging on substrates coated with recombinant E8 fragments of human laminin isoforms (LM‐E8s). LM‐E8s, provide superior adhesion over intact laminin isoforms and Matrigel. Single hPSCs seeded on LM‐E8s show accelerated migration and rapid reconstruction of clusters, resulting in robust survival and proliferation. This protocol yields 200‐fold more hPSCs than conventional subculture methods in 1 month of culture. Furthermore, this protocol can be easily adapted to most hPSC lines in combination with the use of various xeno‐free, defined culture media, and large‐scale expansion of hPSCs is easily achievable to facilitate the practical applications of hPSCs. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prospective randomized trial of sclerotherapy vs standard treatment for epistaxis due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Boyer Holly , Fernandes Patricia , Le Chap , Yueh Bevan 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundOur previous studies have demonstrated the tolerability and low side‐effect profile of office‐based sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) for treating recurrent epistaxis due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The objective of this study was to use a prospective randomized trial to determine the effectiveness of sclerotherapy with STS vs standard treatment.MethodsThis prospective randomized trial (conducted from November 1, 2011, through January 31, 2014) involved 17 patients with recurrent epistaxis due to HHT. We defined standard treatment as continuation of any treatment that the patient had previously undergone, such as moisturization, packing, and cautery. We used a crossover design, so study participants were randomized to either sclerotherapy or standard treatment during the first time period, and then to the other during the second period. The primary outcome measure was frequency and severity of epistaxis, as measured by the epistaxis severity score (ESS). The ESS is a 10‐point scale, with higher scores corresponding to more bleeding.ResultsAfter controlling for treatment order, bleeding was substantially better controlled after sclerotherapy; the ESS after sclerotherapy was nearly one point lower than after standard treatment (−0.95, 1‐sided p = 0.027). Treatment order, baseline ESS, the number of lesions, moisturization practices, and a history of previous blood transfusions did not significantly affect the results.ConclusionThis trial demonstrated that sclerotherapy with STS (vs standard treatment) significantly reduced epistaxis due to HHT.