bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a total dissolved solids (TDS) chronic effects benchmark for a northern Canadian lake
Authors: Chapman Peter M , McPherson Cathy A 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Laboratory chronic toxicity tests with plankton, benthos, and fish early life stages were conducted with total dissolved solids (TDS) at an ionic composition specific to Snap Lake (Northwest Territories, Canada), which receives treated effluent from the Snap Lake Diamond Mine. Snap Lake TDS composition has remained consistent from 2007 to 2014 and is expected to remain unchanged through the life of the mine: Cl (45%–47%), Ca (20%–21%), Na (10%–11%), sulfate (9%); carbonate (5%–7%), nitrate (4%), Mg (2%–3%), and minor contributions from K and fluoride. The TDS concentrations that resulted in negligible effects (i.e., 10% or 20% effect concentrations) to taxa representative of resident biota ranged from greater than 1100 to greater than 2200 mg/L, with the exception of a 21% effect concentration of 990 mg/L for 1 of 2 early life stage fish dry fertilization tests (wet fertilization results were &gt;1480 mg/L). A conservative, site-specific, chronic effects benchmark for Snap Lake TDS of 1000 mg/L was derived, below the lowest negligible effect concentration for the most sensitive resident taxon tested, the cladoceran, Daphnia magna (&gt;1100 mg/L). Cladocerans typically only constitute a few percent of the zooplankton community and biomass in Snap Lake; other plankton effect concentrations ranged from greater than 1330 to greater than 1510 mg/L. Chironomids, representative of the lake benthos, were not affected by greater than 1380 mg/L TDS. Early life stage tests with 3 fish species resulted in 10% to 20% effect concentrations ranging from greater than 1410 to greater than 2200 mg/L. The testing undertaken is generally applicable to northern freshwaters, and the concept can readily be adapted to other freshwaters either for TDS where ionic composition does not change or for major ionic components, where TDS composition does change. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:371–379. © 2015 SETAC
Key Points
Total dissolved solids from mining increasing in a northern Canadian lake. Novel site-specific toxicity testing conducted to determine a protective chronic effects benchmark. Resident taxa tested representing all components of the food chain (benthos, plankton, fish). Chronic effects benchmark of 1,000 mg/L will protect lake function while allowing mining to continue.
The Groucho/Transducin‐like enhancer of split protein family in animal development
Authors: Agarwal Megha , Kumar Pankaj , Mathew Sam J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCorepressors are proteins that cannot bind DNA directly but repress transcription by interacting with partner proteins. The Groucho/Transducin‐Like Enhancer of Split (TLE) are a conserved family of corepressor proteins present in animals ranging from invertebrates such as Drosophila to vertebrates such as mice and humans. Groucho/TLE proteins perform important functions throughout the life span of animals, interacting with several pathways and regulating fundamental processes such as metabolism. However, these proteins have especially crucial functions in animal development, where they are required in multiple tissues in a temporally regulated manner. In this review, we summarize the functions of the Groucho/TLE proteins during animal development, emphasizing on specific tissues where they play essential roles. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(7):472–481, 2015
Deubiquitinating enzymes in cellular signaling and disease regulation
Authors: Hanpude Pranita , Bhattacharya Sushmita , Dey Amit Kumar , Maiti Tushar Kanti 
Published: July 2015

AbstractProtein post‐translational modification by ubiquitin represents a complex signaling system that regulates many cellular events including proteostasis to intercellular communications. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) that specifically disassemble Ub‐chains or regulate ubiquitin homeostasis reside as a central component in ubiquitin signaling. Human genome encodes almost 100 DUBs and majority of them are not well characterized. Considerable progress has been made in the understanding of enzymatic mechanism; however, their cellular substrate specificity and regulation are largely unknown. Involvement of DUBs in disease regulation has been depicted since its discovery and several attempts have been made for evaluating DUBs as a drug target. In this review, we have updated briefly a new insight of DUBs activity, their cellular role, disease regulation, and therapeutic potential. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(7):544–555, 2015
New insights into T cells and their signature cytokines in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Wang Ao‐xue , Xu Landén Ning 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn imbalance of the adaptive immune system mediated by various T cells plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Traditionally, sustained exposure of pathogens tailors immune responses and drives the development of specialized T helper (Th) 2‐bias cytokine environment. The increasing understanding of T cell biology has refreshed the roles of classical Th2 responses and regulatory T cells in the development of AD. In particular, the identification of novel CD4+ T cell subsets such as Th9, Th17, and Th22 cells provide further interpretation of immunological mechanisms underlying AD. In this report, we reviewed the functional roles of CD4+ T cell subsets and their derived signature cytokines in AD. We focused on important discoveries of the contribution of CD4+ T cell cytokines to immunomodulation in AD, and particularly, highlighted the multiple consequences of immune dysregulation on the barrier defect of the skin. We subsequently discussed the flexibility and plasticity of these T cells in vivo in terms of cytokine production. T cells involved in innate immunity were also mentioned. Taking the pivotal and varied roles of T‐cell subpopulations and the functional cytokine milieus into account, T cell targeting therapy may thus open up new opportunities for mechanism‐based therapeutic intervention. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(8):601–610, 2015
Parenting and Video Games
Authors: Steinkuehler Constance 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThere is a terrific disconnect between parenting advice related to media and the realities of contemporary parenting. We condone enrichment parenting and condemn the use of “digital babysitters,” admonishing parents who exceed the two‐hour screen time limitation even when, all the while, no one is listening. Parents are not merely blasé about their children's development and well‐being. Rather, for many parents, games and other media are a best‐fit solution to the problem of resource constraints. Time is the resource; the demands on real‐life parents and families are the constraint. Thus, we digital media literacy scholars would do well to shift our focus from children in relative isolation to families as a system. Only then will be we begin to see the historical, economic, and material (still highly gendered) contexts that shape child rearing and media use.
Composing in Public
Authors: Hall Matthew 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough scholars have investigated the ways youths individually enact composing practices and the impact of audience on these practices, this study examines the impact of an audience physically present while composing in a shared, public space—an ambient audience. Blurring the line between traditional notions of audience and collaborator through a process of distributed co‐construction with individual composers, the ambient audience proved generative for the composing work of individuals. This article highlights two examples of this distributed co‐construction in action: the co‐constructed framing of everyday experiences as the topic for created videos and the shared aesthetic of juxtaposition that the youth participants co‐constructed while composing individual images. The results of this study suggest future research and development of instructional approaches that address the social nature of composing with a specific look at the ways publics influence processes of composing.
The potential health challenges of TiO2 nanomaterials
Authors: Sha Baoyong , Gao Wei , Cui Xingye , Wang Lin , Xu Feng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials (NMs) have found widespread applications owing to their attractive physical and chemical properties. As a result, the potential adverse impacts of nano‐TiO2 exposure on humans have become a matter of concern. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art advances on the investigations of the adverse effects of NMs, including the potential exposure routes of nano‐TiO2 (e.g. respiratory system, skin absorption and digestive system), the physico‐chemical characterizations of nano‐TiO2 (e.g. crystal structure, shape,size, zeta potential, treatment media, aggregation and agglomeration tendency, surface characteristics and coatings), risk evaluation of nanotoxicity (e.g. cytotoxicity, ecotoxicity, phototoxicity, and phytotoxicity) and potential mechanisms of adverse effects (e.g. generation of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and organelle dysfunction). The review aims to facilitate scientific assessments of health risks to nano‐TiO2, which would guide the safe applications of NMs in our daily life. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The applications of conductive nanomaterials in the biomedical field
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Zhao Tianxiao , Sun Lianwen , Aifantis Katerina E. , Fan Yubo , Feng Qingling , Cui Fuzhai , Watari Fumio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAs their name suggests, conductive nanomaterials (CNMs) are a type of functional materials, which not only have a high surface area to volume ratio, but also possess excellent conductivity. Thus far, CNMs have been widely used in biomedical applications, such as effectively transferring electrical signals, and providing a large surface area to adsorb proteins and induce cellular functions. Recent works propose further applications of CNMs in biosensors, tissue engineering, neural probes, and drug delivery. This review focuses on common types of CNMs and elaborates on their unique properties, which indicate that such CNMs have a potential to develop into a class of indispensable biomaterials for the diagnosis and therapy of human diseases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 322–339, 2016.
Degree of Trauma Differs for Major Osteoporotic Fracture Events in Older Men Versus Older Women
Authors: Ensrud Kristine E , Blackwell Terri L , Cawthon Peggy M , Bauer Douglas C , Fink Howard A , Schousboe John T , Black Dennis M , Orwoll Eric S , Kado Deborah M , Cauley Jane A , Mackey Dawn C ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) Research Groups
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

To examine the degree of trauma in major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) in men versus women, we used data from 15,698 adults aged ≥65 years enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study (5994 men) and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) (9704 women). Participants were contacted tri-annually to ascertain incident fractures, which were confirmed by radiographic reports and coded according to degree of self-reported trauma. Trauma was classified as low (fall from ≤ standing height; fall on stairs, steps, or curb; minimal trauma other than fall [coughing, turning over]); moderate (collisions with objects during normal activity without associated fall); or high (fall from &gt; standing height; severe trauma [motor vehicle accident, assault]). MOF included hip, clinical vertebral, wrist, and humerus fractures. Mean fracture follow-up was 9.1 years in SOF and 8.7 years in MrOS. A total of 14.6% of the MOF in men versus 6.3% of the MOF in women were classified as high trauma (p &lt; 0.001); men versus women more often experienced fractures resulting from severe trauma as well as from fall &gt; standing height. High-trauma fractures were more significantly common in men versus women at the hip (p = 0.002) and wrist (p &lt; 0.001) but not at the spine or humerus. Among participants with MOF, the odds ratio of a fracture related to high-trauma fracture among men versus women was 3.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.70–5.71) after adjustment for traditional risk factors. Findings were similar in analyses limited to participants with hip fractures (odds ratio [OR] = 3.34, 95% CI 1.04–10.67) and those with wrist fracture (OR = 5.68, 95% CI 2.03–15.85). Among community-dwelling older adults, MOF are more likely to be related to high trauma in men than in women. These findings are not explained by sex differences in conventional risk factors and may reflect a greater propensity among men to engage in risky behavior. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
NF-κB Has a Direct Role in Inhibiting Bmp- and Wnt-Induced Matrix Protein Expression
Authors: Tarapore Rohinton S , Lim Jason , Tian Chen , Pacios Sandra , Xiao Wenmei , Reid Daniel , Guan Hancheng , Mattos Marcelo , Yu Bo , Wang Cun-Yu , Graves Dana T 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

The host response to pathogens through nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is an essential defense mechanism for eukaryotic organisms. NF-κB-mediated host responses inhibit bone and other connective tissue synthesis and are thought to affect the transcription of matrix proteins through multiple indirect pathways. We demonstrate that inhibiting NF-κB in osteoblasts increases osteocalcin expression in vivo in mice with periodontal disease. Mutating NF-κB binding sites on osteocalcin (OC) or bone sialoprotein (Bsp) promoters rescues the negative impact of NF-κB on their transcription and that NF-κB can inhibit Wnt- and Bmp-induced OC and Bsp transcription, even when protein synthesis is inhibited, indicating a direct effect of NF-κB. This inhibition depends on p65-p50 NF-κB heterodimer formation and deacetylation by HDAC1 but is not affected by the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. Moreover, NF-κB reduces Runx2 and β-catenin binding to OC/Bsp promoters independently of their nuclear localization. Thus, inflammatory signals stimulate the direct interaction of NF-κB with response elements to inhibit binding of β-catenin and Runx2 binding to nearby consensus sites and reduce expression of matrix proteins. This direct mechanism provides a new explanation for the rapid decrease in new bone formation after inflammation-related NF-κB activation. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Genetic variation of CYP3A5 influences paclitaxel/carboplatin‐induced toxicity in Chinese epithelial ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Hu Lei , Lv Qiao‐Li , Guo Ying , Cheng Lin , Wu Na‐Yiyuan , Qin Chong‐Zhen , Zhou Hong‐Hao 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCombination chemotherapy with platinum and taxane is the first‐line treatment for ovarian cancer. The dose‐limiting toxicities of these drugs include neuropathy, leukopenia, and neutropenia, but they exhibit substantial interindividual variability. This study investigated the relationship between CYP3A5 polymorphisms and paclitaxel/carboplatin‐induced toxicity in Chinese epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Seventy‐five patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were recruited. After combination chemotherapy, genotype analysis was conducted, and toxic effects were evaluated according to the Common Toxicity Criteria. A significant association was found between myelosuppression and the CYP3A5*3 genotype. CYP3A5*3/*1 patients showed a significantly higher risk of developing leukopenia (P < .001; Pearson's χ2 test) and neutropenia (P < .001; Pearson's χ2 test) than CYP3A5*3*3 patients. CYP3A5*3/*3 patients had significantly higher median leukocyte and neutrophil nadir counts than CYP3A5*3*1 patients (P < .001, Mann–Whitney U test). However, we did not observe an association between neuropathy and CYP3A5*3 in this study (P =.64; Pearson's χ2 test). This is the first study to verify the influence of CYP3A5 polymorphisms on paclitaxel/carboplatin‐induced toxicity in Chinese epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Our findings suggest that interindividual variability in paclitaxel/carboplatin‐induced myelosuppression can be predicted by CYP3A5*3 genotyping and that incorporation of CYP3A5*3 genetic data in treatment selection could help to reduce myelosuppression events, thereby individualizing paclitaxel/carboplatin pharmacotherapy.
Bromination of guaiacol and syringol using ionic liquids to obtain bromides
Authors: Sequeiros Ane , Serrano Luis , Labidi Jalel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn understanding of the bromination reaction with guaiacol and syringol allows value added products to be obtained from the lignin depolymerized oil.RESULTSN‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) and the ionic liquid [Bmim]Br were combined to brominate guaiacol (G) and syringol (S) at room temperature (25 °C). The first step was to bromine guaiacol and syringol separately for a better understanding of the process. The mixture of G and S was brominated with two different solvents diethyl ether (DEE) and ethyl acetate (EtAc) during the L‐L extraction to observe variations in the process and the conversion. The results were analyzed by GC‐MS and 13C NMR. The mass spectra showed the formation of isomers of p‐BrG and p‐BrS. The two solvents gave similar results. However, even though the conversions of G and S were higher with DEE (XG 67.19% and XS 71.86%) than with EtAc (XG 49.62% and XS 59.90%), EtAc (ΣXBrG 29.94% and ΣXBrS 28.29%) extracted in proportion more of the desired products than DEE (ΣXBrG 24.22% and ΣXBrS 34.86%).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the first experiments showed the formation of isomers of p‐BrS and p‐BrG. The second results showed that EtAc was able to extract more products than DEE. In conclusion, EtAc was the better solvent for the bromination reaction with the advantage of easy handling and recyclability. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Scale‐up of abatement of fermentation inhibitors from acid hydrolysates for efficient conversion to ethanol as biofuel
Authors: Gupta Rishi , Mehta Girija , Kuhad Ramesh Chander 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe presence of sugar and lignin degradation products, viz. furans and phenolics, make the acid hydrolysate toxic to the microbes. This work attempts to develop an efficient method for the abatement of these microbial inhibitors at pilot scale.RESULTAmong various methods for detoxifying fermentation inhibitors from acid hydrolysate of Prosopis juliflora, activated charcoal (2.0%) removed inhibitors almost completely, followed by ion‐exchange resins (73% phenolics and 84% furans). The neutralization and alkalinization treatments removed specifically furans and caused higher loss of sugars (∼50%), while the enzymatic treatment was more effective on removal of furans. The charcoal detoxification process on scale up (20 L), achieved the abatement of 87–93% phenolics and 87–96% furans from acid hydrolysate. The activated charcoal was regenerated and use of regenerated charcoal removed phenolics and furfurals from acid hydrolysate of P. juliflora by 83% and 86%, respectively. The detoxified hydrolysate on fermentation with Pichia stipitis NCIM 3499 produced 6.85 g L−1 ethanol with 0.35 g g−1 yield and 0.43 g L−1 h−1 productivity.CONCLUSIONActivated charcoal adsorption was found to be the most effective and cheap method for abatement of inhibitors. Moreover, regeneration of charcoal and the scalability of the process make it industrially competitive. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Internal medicine point‐of‐care ultrasound assessment of left ventricular function correlates with formal echocardiography
Authors: Johnson Benjamin K. , Tierney David M. , Rosborough Terry K. , Harris Kevin M. , Newell Marc C. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeAlthough focused cardiac ultrasonographic (FoCUS) examination has been evaluated in emergency departments and intensive care units with good correlation to formal echocardiography, accuracy for the assessment of left ventricular systolic function (LVSF) when performed by internal medicine physicians still needs independent evaluation.MethodsThis prospective observational study in a 640‐bed, academic, quaternary care center, included 178 inpatients examined by 10 internal medicine physicians who had completed our internal medicine bedside ultrasound training program. The ability to estimate LVSF with FoCUS as “normal,” “mild to moderately decreased,” or “severely decreased” was compared with left ventricular ejection fraction (>50%, 31–49%, and <31%, respectively) from formal echocardiography interpreted by a cardiologist.ResultsSensitivity and specificity of FoCUS for any degree of LVSF impairment were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80, 0.97) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.81, 0.93), respectively. The interrater agreement between internal medicine physician‐performed FoCUS and formal echocardiography for any LVSF impairment was “good/substantial” with κ = 0.77 (p < 0.001), 95% CI (0.67, 0.87). Formal echocardiography was classified as “technically limited due to patient factors” in 20% of patients; however, echogenicity was sufficient in 100% of FoCUS exams to classify LVSF.ConclusionsInternal medicine physicians using FoCUS identify normal versus decreased LVSF with high sensitivity, specificity, and “good/substantial” interrater agreement when compared with formal echocardiography. These results support the role of cardiac FoCUS by properly trained internal medicine physicians for discriminating normal from reduced LVSF. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:92–99, 2016
Prospective study of bezafibrate for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Mizuno Suguru , Hirano Kenji , Isayama Hiroyuki , Watanabe Takeo , Yamamoto Natsuyo , Nakai Yousuke , Sasahira Naoki , Tada Minoru , Omata Masao , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic disease. Medical treatments must be devised to avoid or postpone liver transplantation in PSC patients. No clinical trial has prospectively explored the efficacy of bezafibrate in PSC patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 12‐week bezafibrate treatment, with pre‐ and post‐treatment observation periods, in PSC patients. Bezafibrate was prescribed at 200 mg b.i.d. The primary endpoint was defined as improvements in liver function test (LFT) data after bezafibrate treatment. Changes in LFT data during the study period were assessed every 6 weeks.ResultsFifteen patients were enrolled as planned, and 11 completed the study protocol. Biliary enzyme levels improved in all patients after bezafibrate treatment for 12 weeks. Hepatic enzyme levels improved in only seven of the 11 patients, and the efficacy of bezafibrate in PSC patients was thus 64%. LFT data (alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase levels) were reduced after bezafibrate treatment (both P < 0.05 by Wilcoxon's signed‐rank test), and both significantly increased after bezafibrate cessation (both P < 0.01).ConclusionsBezafibrate effectively improved LFT data in 64% of PSC patients. This is the first prospective clinical trial to evaluate the effect of bezafibrate in PSC patients.