bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity on Overnight and Next-Day Hypoglycemia in Active Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Metcalf Kristen M. , Singhvi Ajay , Tsalikian Eva , Tansey Michael J. , Zimmerman M. Bridget , Esliger Dale W. , Janz Kathleen F. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
Physical activity (PA) provides many benefits to adolescents with type 1 diabetes; however, these individuals tend to have lower fitness and PA levels than their disease-free counterparts. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute temporal associations between moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and hypoglycemia (continuous glucose monitor [CGM] reading ≤70 mg/dL).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Nineteen participants (53% females) 14–20 years old with type 1 diabetes were recruited. Participant fitness was evaluated via indirect calorimetry using a maximal exercise test; body composition was measured using air displacement plethysmography. An accelerometer was worn continuously (3–5 days) and acceleration data used to estimate MVPA (minutes per day). Blood glucose values were simultaneously tracked using CGM. Controlling for sex, percent body fat (%BF), fitness, and concurrent MVPA, the likelihood of nighttime and next-day hypoglycemia due to MVPA was examined using logistic regression.

RESULTS
Participants were of average fitness (females: 43.9 mL/kg/min; males: 49.8 mL/kg/min) and adiposity (females: 26.2%; males: 19.2%); 63.2% met the U.S. federal guideline of accumulating 60 min/day of MVPA. Hypoglycemia was 31% more likely in those who accumulated 30 min/day more MVPA in the previous afternoon than those with less (95% CI 1.05–1.63; P = 0.017).

CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that participating in afternoon MVPA increases the risk of overnight and next-day hypoglycemia, independent of sex, %BF, fitness, and concurrent MVPA. While promoting PA as a healthy behavior, it is important to educate adolescents with type 1 diabetes on prevention of hypoglycemia following PA.
Does the Prevailing Hypothesis That Small-Fiber Dysfunction Precedes Large-Fiber Dysfunction Apply to Type 1 Diabetic Patients?
Authors: Breiner Ari , Lovblom Leif Erik , Perkins Bruce A. , Bril Vera 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
The prevailing hypothesis that early subclinical small-fiber injury precedes large-fiber damage in diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP) is based on lower intraepithelial nerve fiber density in type 2 prediabetic patients despite normal nerve conduction studies (NCSs). We aimed to confirm the same hypothesis in type 1 diabetic patients by examining whether: 1) subjects without DSP include a spectrum with both normal and abnormal small-fiber measures and 2) subjects with DSP have concurrent evidence of abnormal small-fiber measures.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A healthy control population (n = 53) was used to generate threshold values for four small-fiber tests: cooling detection thresholds (CDTs), laser Doppler imaging of heat-evoked flare (LDIflare), heart rate variability (HRV), and corneal confocal microscopy. Based on NCS results, type 1 diabetic patients (n = 131) were dichotomized according to the presence or absence of DSP.

RESULTS
Threshold values derived from healthy control subjects were 26.5°C, 1.4 cm2, 13%, and 12.9 mm/mm2 for CDT, LDIflare, HRV, and corneal nerve fiber length, respectively. Among type 1 diabetic patients, 57 of 131 had evidence of DSP, and 74 of 133 did not. Using abnormality of any small-fiber test to define small-fiber dysfunction, 55 of 57 (96.5%) DSP patients and 39 of 74 (52.7%) control subjects without DSP had concurrent small-fiber damage. The severity of small-fiber abnormalities worsened with an increasing number of NCS abnormalities (ANOVA, P &lt; 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings in type 1 diabetes support the prevailing hypothesis that small-fiber dysfunction occurs early in DSP. However, further research is required to determine which combination of small-fiber tests is most suitable as a surrogate marker in clinical trials.
Systolic and Diastolic Abnormalities Reduce the Cardiac Response to Exercise in Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pinto Teresa E. , Gusso Silmara , Hofman Paul L. , Derraik José G.B. , Hornung Tim S. , Cutfield Wayne S. , Baldi J. Chris 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
To better understand the cardiac limitations during exercise in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we measured left ventricular performance with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during exercise in diabetic and nondiabetic adolescents.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirteen subjects with T2DM, 27 overweight/obese nondiabetic (ObeseND) subjects, and 19 nondiabetic nonobese control subjects were recruited. Cardiac (left ventricular) MRI scans were performed at rest and during submaximal exercise.

RESULTS
V o 2 peak indexed to fat-free mass was reduced in T2DM and ObeseND subjects compared with control subjects (P &lt; 0.0001). Indexed cardiac output increased less during exercise and was 20% lower in T2DM subjects due to reduced stroke volume. This was a consequence of reduced ventricular filling with smaller end-diastolic volume, which decreased further during exercise in T2DM subjects, but not in ObeseND or control subjects. End-systolic volume was also smaller in T2DM subjects. These changes were associated with increased resting and exercise diastolic blood pressure, and total peripheral resistance in T2DM subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
Independently of obesity, T2DM impairs cardiac function during exercise in adolescents.
AVAILABILITY OF AIS BINARY DATA TRANSMISSION BASED ON DYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS PERFORMED ON THE SOUTHERN BALTIC AND THE DANISH STRAITS
Authors: Jaskólski Krzysztof 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
The problem of determining coordinates for the requirements of maritime navigation, considered only in terms of measurement error, seems to be solved on a global scale. In view of the above, the operational characteristics of radio navigation systems such as availability are equally important. This paper analyses the problem of AIS binary transmission availability. An attempt was made to assess the availability of the AIS service transmission channel based on dynamic measurements. For this purpose, the theory of Markov processes defined on a discrete state space was applied. The Criterion of state system availability was adopted, stochastic matrix of probabilities of transitions between the states of the availability and accessibility of states limit the probability of AIS. In this paper, the author proposed a model for the assessment of AIS Service availability. To meet the objective of the research, recorded data derived from the Southern Baltic and Danish Straits Base Stations were used.
Dehydrogenase Activity in a Litter Manipulation Experiment in Temperate Forest Soil
Authors: Veres Zsuzsa , Kotroczó Zsolt , Magyaros Kornél , Tóth János Attila , Tóthmérész Béla 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Soil enzyme activities are “sensors” of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition since they integrate information about microbial status and physico-chemical condition of soils. We measured dehydrogenase enzyme activity in a deciduous temperate oak forest in Hungary under litter manipulation treatments. The Síkfőkút Detritus Input and Removal Treatments (DIRT) Project includes treatments with doubling of leaf litter and woody debris inputs as well as removal of leaf litter and trenching to prevent root inputs. We hypothesized that increased detrital inputs increase labile carbon substrates to soils and would increase enzyme activities particularly that of dehydrogenase, which has been used as an indicator of soil microbial activity. We also hypothesized that enzyme activities would decrease with detritus removal plots and decrease labile carbon inputs to soil. After ten years of treatments, litter removal had a stronger effect on soil dehydrogenase activity than did litter additions. These results showed that in this forest ecosystem the changed litter production affected soil microbial activity: reduced litter production decreased the soil dehydrogenase activity; increased litter production had no significant effect on the enzyme activity.
The Thermal Insulation Capacity of Tree Bark
Authors: Pásztory Zoltán , Ronyecz Ildikó 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Nowadays increasing emphasis is placed on improving the quality of different insulation materials, and on developing such from materials of natural origin. The present research focuses on the thermal insulation capacity of the chipped bark of different broadleaved and coniferous wood species. We examined the bark of five tree species: black locust, a poplar clone, larch, spruce, and Scotch pine and compared their insulation characteristics to the traditionally used insulation materials. Results indicate that the thermal insulation capacity of chipped tree bark is comparable to that of generally used insulation materials, such as glass wool. Moisture content influences the thermal insulation capacity of chipped bark of the five examined species. Since energy requirement of producing chipped tree bark is very low, and it contributes also to storing carbon, therefore its CO2 balance is more advantageous compared to that of traditional fibrous or foamy insulation materials.
Aerial Image Classification for the Mapping of Riparian Vegetation Habitats
Authors: Kollár Szilvia , Vekerdy Zoltán , Márkus Béla 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In the current study, aerial image analysis has been applied to map vegetation communities in a riparian wetland ecosystem, Szigetköz (Hungary). Remote sensing offers an objective and timeeffective method for the detection of detailed vegetation habitats with the use of high resolution aerial photos combined with ancillary botanical and silvicultural data. Three images of the same test site, acquired in three different years have been analysed by sample-based semi-automated image classification technique. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the target vegetation classes, besides using spectral features (e.g. vegetation indices) textural descriptors were also involved in the classification procedure. The most appropriate parameters have been chosen using a statistical feature selection method based on the Jeffries-Matusita distance. The accuracy assessment proved for each scene that the combined use of spectral and textural features gave the best classification results in comparison to the exclusive use of spectral or textural measures. The here-applied feature set can be applied for the analysis of similar riparian sites.
Depth and Areal Distribution of Cs-137 in the Soil of a Small Water Catchment in the Sopron Mountains
Authors: Kiss Ervin , Volford Péter 
Published: February 2014

Abstract -
The study presents the depth and areal distribution of Cs-137 activity concentration in the forest soils of Farkas Trench, a small water catchment in the Sopron Mountains, in 2001 and 2010, moreover the possible reason of the alteration in activity concentration. The Cs-137 activity values were measured in 30 plots in 2001, and in 5 in 2010. In 2001, the depth distribution of Cs-137 activity concentration in the measurement plots was shaped in accordance with a decreasing exponential function. It appeared in the 2010 data that the highest Cs-137 activity concentration had shifted lower from the top layers, and the depth distribution changed along an increasing or a stagnating function until a depth of 4 to 6 cm (in function of slope inclination), then along a decreasing function. In 2001, activity concentration in the surface soil layers (0 - 2 cm) altered between 15 and 609 Bq/kg, whereas in 2010 between 26 and 72 Bq/kg. A correlation was found between activity concentration in the surface soil layer and slope inclination. It was concluded that one of the main reasons for differences in distribution of Cs-137 activity concentration was the differing extent of soil movement.
The human network revisited: responses to Brynnar Swenson’s “The human network: social media and the limit of politics”
Authors: Kalpokas Ignas , Mininger J.D. , Rusinaitė Viktorija 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
This article combines contributions from three authors, each of whom writes in scholarly response to Brynnar Swenson’s “The Human Network: Social Media and the Limit of Politics,” originally published in the Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 4:2 (2011): 102-124. Ignas Kalpokas reads Swenson’s theories of revolt and social change alongside a robust theory of sovereignty drawn from Carl Schmitt, while also expanding Swenson’s interpretations of the media representations of the Egyptian revolution and the 2011 riots in England by an appeal to theories drawn from Lacanian psychoanalysis. J.D. Mininger also draws from psychoanalytic discourse as he revisits a key interview given in Swenson’s account of the media interpretations of the London riots of 2011. Viktorija Rusinaitė addresses Swenson’s provocation about the limits and status of politics, turning to media theory and the concept of politics found in the work of Jacques Rancière.
BOOK REVIEWS: The Politics of Encounter: Urban Theory and Protest Under Planetary Urbanization; Elections to the European Parliament as a Challenge for Democracy; and Transformations in Central Europe Between 1989 and 2012: Geopolitical, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Shifts
Authors: Kerikmäe Tanel , Stramskas Arnoldas , Martinkus Andrius 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
This article contains three book reviews. The reviewed books are: The Politics of Encounter: Urban Theory and Protest under Planetary Urbanization (2013) by Andy Merrifield; Elections to the European Parliament as a Challenge for Democracy, European Integration and Democracy Series Vol. 2 (2013), Eds. Elżbieta Kużelewska and Dariusz Kloza; and, Transformations in Central Europe between 1989 and 2012: Geopolitical, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Shifts (2012) by Tomas Kavaliauskas.
Tradition and Modernity in the Romanian Rural Space. Case Study: the Arges Sub-Carpathian Foothills
Authors: Manea Gabriela , Matei Elena , Vijulie Iuliana , Marin Marian , Cocos Octavian , Tiscovschi Adrian 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This paper intends to demonstrate on the basis of a case study that rural people’s access to modern goods and services is not necessarily a relentless source of deculturalisation, because it sometimes allows a better management and valorisation of the main characteristics of the rural space. Despite socio-economic unrest and successive changes of political regimes that took place in Romania during the last century, the human communities within the Arges foothills have defended with dignity their traditional material and spiritual values, passing them down from generation to generation. In the medium and long-term, the valorisation of the Romanian rural space, in general, and of that belonging to the Arges foothills, in particular, will imply the creation of a balance between the valuable cultural potential and the quality of life of the inhabitants, who are the keepers of rural cultural heritage. At present, the best thing to do to pass on the traditions of this area is to proudly accept the affiliation to this geographical space. This is true not only for the permanent inhabitants of rural settlements, but mostly for those who have left the countryside to carry it in their minds and souls. In our opinion, this fact is a pre-requisite for preventing the loss of material and spiritual values of this cultural-historical space.
Determinants of Profitability of Polish Rural Micro-Enterprises at the Time of EU Accession
Authors: Janda Karel , Rausser Gordon , Strielkowski Wadim 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Rural micro-enterprises are an important factor in sustainable rural development in post-transitional Eastern Europe. This paper deals with determining the key factors influencing profitability in rural micro-enterprises in Poland. The research design was based on a questionnaire survey of 300 rural micro-enterprises in the food-processing sector in rich and poor Polish provinces. The analysis carried out in this study is centered around the Polish EU accession in May 2004. Similar to other related studies, our results show that EU accession was not perceived as a major change by rural Polish micro-entrepreneurs and that the EU related factors were not significant determinants of their profitability. However, our results also show that the success of the rural food processing micro-enterprise in Eastern Europe is most related to its owner/manager and enterprise characteristics. For the owner/manager the most significant determinants are his/her age and risk-taking as the main motive for establishing an enterprise. The enterprise characteristics that determine the profitability include enterprise location within a region with competitive situation, enterprise size (being a sole trader or family enterprise), IC T advancements in enterprise and the fact whether the enterprise has any certificates for its products. The results have significant implications for the researchers and policy-makers and can become a basis for preparing relevant enterprise support policies in post-transitional Eastern Europe
Exposure to lipophilic chemicals as a cause of neurological impairments, neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Zeliger Harold I. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Many studies have associated environmental exposure to chemicals with neurological impairments (NIs) including neuropathies, cognitive, motor and sensory impairments; neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); neurodegenerative diseases (NDGs) including Alzheimer´s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The environmental chemicals shown to induce all these diseases include persistent organic pollutants (POPs), the plastic exudates bisphenol A and phthalates, low molecular weight hydrocarbons (LMWHCs) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is reported here that though these chemicals differ widely in their chemical properties, reactivities and known points of attack in humans, a common link does exist between them. All are lipophilic species found in serum and they promote the sequential absorption of otherwise non-absorbed toxic hydrophilic species causing these diseases.
Hyaluronan and synovial joint: function, distribution and healing
Authors: Tamer Tamer Mahmoud 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Synovial fluid is a viscous solution found in the cavities of synovial joints. The principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilages of synovial joints during movement. The presence of high molar mass hyaluronan (HA) in this fluid gives it the required viscosity for its function as lubricant solution. Inflammation oxidation stress enhances normal degradation of hyaluronan causing several diseases related to joints. This review describes hyaluronan properties and distribution, applications and its function in synovial joints, with short review for using thiol compounds as antioxidants preventing HA degradations under inflammation conditions.
The impact of three bacteria isolated from contaminated plant cultures on in vitro multiplication and rooting of microshoots of four ornamental plants
Authors: Zawadzka Marta , Trzciński Paweł , Nowak Katarzyna , Orlikowska Teresa 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT The strains of bacteria Paenibacillus glucanolyticus, Curtobacterium pusillum and Methylobacterium extorquens were isolated as non-deleterious contaminations from hosta or raspberry tissue cultures. Microshoots of chrysanthemum, gerbera, hosta and rose were inoculated with these bacteria and their influence on shoot multiplication and rooting was evaluated. None of the investigated bacteria caused symptoms of hypersensitivity or vitropathy on the shoot explants at rooting and shoots multiplication. C. pusillum stimulated axillary shoot formation in all studied plant genotypes. Length and number of rose roots and their length were higher but number of roots and their length in chrysanthemum were lower in inoculated than in controls. The number and the length of shoots and roots in gerbera and hosta and the number of shoots in chrysanthemum inoculated with M. extorquens were higher but shoot length of chrysanthemum and rose, and root length of rose were lower as compared with controls. P. glucanolyticus influenced higher number and length of chrysanthemum shoots and root length of chrysanthemum and gerbera than noninoculated control but the number of gerbera and hosta roots was lower and root length of rose was as low as 0.2 cm. All assessed bacteria were able to assimilate atmospheric nitrogen and M. extorquens and P. glucanolyticus were able to produce IAA.
Cryopreservation of cherry rootstock Gisela 5 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) shoot tips by droplet-vitrification technique
Authors: Ružić Djurdjina , Vujović Tatjana , Cerović Radosav 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT The droplet-vitrification technique was applied to in vitro shoot tips of cherry rootstock Gisela 5 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens). Explants were precultured in the dark at 23 °C, in liquid MS medium with a progressively increasing sucrose concentration (0.3 M for 15 h, then 0.7 M for 5 h). Loading involved a 30 min incubation of explants in a solution comprising 1.9 M glycerol and 0.5 M sucrose. Explants were dehydrated at room temperature using a solution PVS A3 [Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium, 22.5% (w/v) sucrose, 37.5% (w/v) glycerol, 15% (w/v) ethylene glycol and 15% (w/v) dimethylsulfoxide] for 30, 40 and 50 min and the PVS3 solution [MS liquid medium, 50% (w/v) sucrose, 50% (w/v) glycerol] for 60, 90 and 120 min. Explants were cooled by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN) in 10 μl droplets of vitrification solution placed on aluminum foil strips. The foil strips were retrieved from LN and immersed in preheated (37 °C) unloading solution (0.8 M sucrose) for 30 s, and an equal volume of unloading solution at room temperature was added for further incubation for 30 min. Shoot tips were transferred onto the regrowth medium, cultivated in the dark for 7 days before being incubated under standard conditions. Three weeks after transferring the shoot tips onto the regrowth medium, the survival rate of control and cryopreserved explants of Gisela 5 dehydrated with PVS A3 was 100%, regardless of the treatment duration. After dehydration with solution PVS3, the survival varied between 70 and 100% for control explants and 78 and 95% for cryopreserved shoot tips. Gisela 5 shoot tips dehydrated for 40 min with PVS A3 vitrification solution demonstrated the best regrowth (38%). When using the PVS3 solution, survival of cryopreserved shoot tips was the highest (95%) after 60 min treatment followed by 40% regrowth. After three successive subcultures on shoot multiplication, medium shoots recovered viability, multiplication ability and morphology equal of that prior to cryopreservation.