bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish diversity in European lakes: geographical factors dominate over anthropogenic pressures
Authors: Brucet Sandra , Pédron Stephanie , Mehner Thomas , Lauridsen Torben L. , Argillier Christine , Winfield Ian J. , Volta Pietro , Emmrich Matthias , Hesthagen Trygve , Holmgren Kerstin , Benejam Lluís , Kelly Fiona , Krause Teet , Palm Anu , Rask Martti , Jeppesen Erik 
Published: June 2013

Summary

We aimed to distinguish the relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic local factors on patterns of fish diversity in European lakes at different geographical scales.

We compiled data from standardised fish monitoring using multimesh benthic gill nets, information on lake morphometry and on geographical, climatic and anthropogenic pressure variables from 1632 lakes in 11 European countries. By means of regression trees, we determined those natural and anthropogenic factors and their thresholds that best predicted local fish diversity, density and mean size. Generalised linear models were used to assess the influence of anthropogenic factors at smaller geographical and morphometric scales.

Local fish species richness and diversity were related mainly to morphometric and (bio)geographical/climatic variables. Larger and deeper lakes in warm areas tended to be the most species rich and diverse. Fish density was related mainly to anthropogenically driven productivity but also was sensitive to geographical/climatic factors. Thus, warmer and shallower lower‐altitude European lakes, which are usually more eutrophic, had higher fish densities than cold and deeper higher‐altitude lakes. Fish size increased with altitude and declined with increasing seasonality and temperature.

After controlling for the natural factors, productivity had a positive effect on fish species richness and diversity, whereas it negatively influenced fish size.

Our results suggest that macroecological patterns of lake fish diversity across Europe are best predicted by natural factors. The contribution of anthropogenic factors to fish diversity was evident only via the effect of eutrophication at smaller geographical scales, whereas no effect could be found from hydromorphological pressures. From an applied perspective, these results suggest that bioassessment and biodiversity evaluation might be most effectively conducted and interpreted locally, where anthropogenic effects on biodiversity become more apparent. At a macroecological scale, the strong effect of environmental temperature on most components of fish diversity suggests future changes in fish diversity as a consequence of climate change.
Antibacterial mode of action of seed essential oil of Eleutherococcus senticosus against foodborne pathogens
Authors: Bajpai Vivek K. , Sharma Ajay , Baek Kwang‐Hyun 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThis study investigated the antibacterial mechanism of action of the seed essential oil of Eleutherococcus senticosus (ESEO) against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Preliminarily, the ESEO (1000 μg disc−1) showed potential antibacterial effect as diameter of inhibition zones (12.0 ± 0.2–37.0 ± 2.0 mm) against the tested foodborne pathogens. The MIC and MBC values of ESEO against the tested bacteria were found in the range of 125–500 and 500–1000 μg mL−1, respectively. At MIC concentration, the ESEO had potential inhibitory effect on the cell viability of the tested pathogens. In addition, SEM analysis showed the inhibitory effect of ESEO as confirmed by considerable morphological alterations on the cell wall of B. cereus ATCC 13061 and E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43889. Moreover, the ESEO revealed its mode of action against foodborne pathogens on membrane integrity as confirmed by release of extracellular ATP, 260‐nm absorbing materials and leakage of potassium ions. These findings confirm that the ESEO can be used as a potential antibacterial agent in food industry to inhibit the growth of various foodborne pathogens.
Silodosin versus naftopidil for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Yamaguchi Kenya , Aoki Yutaka , Yoshikawa Tetsuo , Hachiya Takahiko , Saito Tadanori , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis was a multicenter randomized trial to investigate the clinical efficacy and the impact on sexual function of alpha‐1A selective silodosin and alpha‐1D selective naftopidil for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. A total of 97 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia who had an International Prostate Symptom Score of 8 or more were randomly assigned to receive silodosin (8 mg/day, n = 53) or naftopidil (75 mg/day, n = 44). Before and 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment, International Prostate Symptom Score and its quality of life score were used to assess lower urinary tract symptoms. Also, International Index of Erectile Function‐5, and an original questionnaire were used to evaluate erectile function and ejaculation for sexually active patients, respectively. The silodosin group showed advantages in terms of voiding symptoms and quality of life of International Prostate Symptom Score when compared with the naftopidil group. Both silodosin and naftopidil showed no significant effect on International Index of Erectile Function‐5. A total of 23 sexually active patients in the silodosin group experienced more ejaculatory impairment than 21 patients in the naftopidil group, with a decrease of ejaculation volume (87% vs 40%, P = 0.003), prolonged time to ejaculation (56% vs 33%, P = 0.027) and decrease of orgasm (50% vs 39%, P = 0.027). These results suggest that alpha‐1A selective blockers are more effective for voiding symptoms, whereas alpha‐1D selective blockers offer a minor degree of ejaculatory dysfunction.
Utilisation des bilans actuariels pour évaluer la viabilité des régimes de pensions de la sécurité sociale
Authors: Billig Assia , Ménard Jean‐Claude 
Published: June 2013

RésuméLa méthodologie choisie pour établir le bilan comptable d'un régime de pensions de sécurité sociale dépend principalement du mode de financement du régime. En se fondant sur l'exemple du Régime de pensions du Canada, le présent article montre que, si la pérennité financière d'un régime par répartition ou par capitalisation partielle est évaluée au moyen d'un bilan actuariel, la méthodologie retenue devrait tenir compte des cotisations qui seront versées à l'avenir par les assurés actuels et futurs. Il examine les bilans établis pour un groupe ouvert, ainsi que les méthodes utilisées aux Etats‐Unis et en Suède.
Mechanical Evaluation of Adjunctive Fixation for Prevention of Periprosthetic Femur Fracture With the Zurich Cementless Total Hip Prosthesis
Authors: Pozzi Antonio , Peck Jeffrey N. , Chao Peini , Choate Christina J. , Barousse Dan , Conrad Bryan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether cerclage wire or a lateral plate increases the peak‐torque load to failure, compared to femora without adjunctive fixation, in femora implanted with Zurich Cementless stems.Study DesignIn vitro biomechanical study.Sample PopulationPaired femora from adult dogs (n = 24) weighing 28–35 kg.MethodsPairs of femora were implanted with a stem and randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: cerclage or plate. Within each pair, either 3 loop cerclage wires or a laterally applied 12‐hole Advanced Locking Plate System 10‐mm plate (ALPS 10) were implanted in a femur, whereas the contralateral femur acted as control with no adjunctive fixation. After application of a static axial load each specimen was loaded to failure in torsion. Peak torque load at failure was compared between femora with each adjunctive fixation and the control using a paired t‐test; P < .05 was considered significant.ResultsIn both treatment groups, femora with adjunctive fixation failed at higher loads compared to the femora without fixation; however, significant difference in peak torque at failure between treated femora and control was found only in the plated group (P < .05). Femora implanted with plates and with cerclage were 13.9% and 7.2% stronger in torsion than the femora without fixation, respectively.ConclusionsAdjunctive fixation with a laterally applied ALPS 10 may aid in the prevention of peri‐prosthetic fractures associated with Zurich Cementless medium stems.
Between History and Dogma: On the Spirit of Tradition in the Demands and Limitations of Modernity
Authors: Koerpel Robert C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe philosophical anthropology of the twentieth-century French Catholic philosopher Maurice Blondel has had a significant impact on modern and contemporary theology. However, Blondel's less well-known idea of tradition in the text History and Dogma remains to be adequately assessed by the English-speaking world. In order to appreciate Blondel's contribution to the idea of tradition in modern Catholicism and to discover how his thought remains a rich resource for contemporary theology, this essay traces the shifts in late-medieval theological discourse that reveal a gradual move toward conceptualizing tradition as a bureaucratic reality mediated through institutional and juridical means which comes to full expression during the modernist crisis in the Roman Catholic Church. Having situated Blondel's thought within the historical and theological development of the modern idea of tradition in Catholicism, the essay argues that Blondel offers an alternative account of tradition as ‘liturgical action,’ which vivifies Christ's sacramental presence in tradition and resists reducing tradition to a bureaucratic reality or a natural phenomenon.
Genetic contributions to continuity and change in attachment security: a prospective, longitudinal investigation from infancy to young adulthood
Authors: Lee Raby K. , Cicchetti Dante , Carlson Elizabeth A. , Egeland Byron , Andrew Collins W. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundLongitudinal research has demonstrated that individual differences in attachment security show only modest continuity from infancy to adulthood. Recent findings based on retrospective reports suggest that individuals' genetic variation may moderate the developmental associations between early attachment–relevant relationship experiences and adult attachment security. The purpose of this study was to use a prospective, longitudinal design to investigate genetic contributions to continuity and changes in attachment security from infancy to young adulthood in a higher risk sample.MethodsInfant attachment security was assessed using the Strange Situation Procedure at 12 and 18 months. Adults' general attachment representations were assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview at ages 19 and 26. Romantic attachment representations were assessed with the Current Relationship Interview (CRI) at ages 20–21 and ages 26–28. Individuals were genotyped for variants within the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4), and serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5‐HTTLPR) .ResultsThe continuity of attachment security from infancy into young adulthood was consistently moderated by OXTR genetic variation. Infant attachment security predicted the security of adults' general and romantic attachment representations only for individuals with the OXTR G/G genotype. This interaction was significant when predicting adult attachment security as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview at ages 19 and 26 and the CRI at ages 26–28. Dopamine D4 receptor and 5‐HTTLPR genetic variation did not consistently moderate the longitudinal associations between attachment security during infancy and adulthood.ConclusionsThis study provides initial longitudinal evidence for genetic contributions to continuity and change in attachment security from infancy to young adulthood. Genetic variation related to the oxytocin system may moderate the stability of attachment security across development.
Maternal warmth and directiveness jointly moderate the etiology of childhood conduct problems
Authors: Alexandra Burt S. , Klahr Ashlea M. , Neale Michael C. , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundPrior studies exploring gene–environment interactions (GxE) in the development of youth conduct problems (CP) have focused almost exclusively on single‐risk experiences, despite research indicating that the presence of other risk factors and or the absence of protective factors can accentuate the influence of a given risk factor on CP. The goal of the current study was to fill this gap in the literature, evaluating whether risky and protective aspects of parenting might combine to jointly moderate the etiology of CP.MethodsThe sample consisted of 500 child twin pairs from the Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR). Child CP was assessed using multiple informant reports. Maternal warmth and directiveness were assessed via videotaped dyadic interactions between mothers and each of their twins.ResultsBiometric GxE analyses revealed that directiveness and warmth did appear to jointly moderate the etiology of CP. In particular, shared environmental influences were accentuated by colder, less directive or ‘less engaged’ mothering, whereas genetic influences were strongest when the child was experiencing warmer, more directive or ‘more authoritative’ mothering.ConclusionsSuch findings serve to highlight the synergistic effects of risky and protective experiences on child outcomes. They also provide additional empirical support for the bioecological form of GxE, which postulates that, in some cases, genetic influences may be most strongly expressed in the presence of low‐risk environments.
Feasibility and Validity of Dementia Assessment by Trained Community Health Workers Based on Clinical Dementia Rating
Authors: Han Hae‐Ra , Park So‐Youn , Song Heejung , Kim Miyong , Kim Kim B. , Lee Hochang Ben 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo determine the level of agreement between dementia rating by trained community health workers (CHWs) based on the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and the criterion standard: physician diagnosis.DesignCross‐sectional validation study.SettingCommunity gathering places such as ethnic churches, senior centers, low‐income elderly apartments, and ethnic groceries in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area.ParticipantsNinety community‐dwelling Korean‐American individuals aged 60 and older.MeasurementsThe CDR is a standardized clinical dementia staging instrument used to assess cognitive and functional performance using a semistructured interview protocol. Six CHWs trained and certified as CDR raters interviewed and rated study participants. A bilingual geriatric psychiatrist evaluated participants independently for dementia status.ResultsCHWs rated 61.1% of the participants as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI; CDR = 0.5) or dementia (CDR≥1), versus 56.7% diagnosed by the clinician. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated good predictive ability of CDR rating by trained CHWs (area under the ROC curve = 0.86, 95% confidence interval = 0.78–0.93, sensitivity = 85.5%, specificity = 88.6%) in detecting MCI and dementia.ConclusionThe findings provide preliminary evidence that trained CHWs can effectively identify community‐dwelling elderly Korean adults with MCI and dementia for early follow‐up assessment and care in a community with scarce bilingual caregivers and programs.
Metamorphic evolution of medium‐temperature ultra‐high pressure (MT‐UHP) eclogites from the South Dabie orogen, Central China: an insight from phase equilibria modelling
Authors: Wei C. J. , Qian J. H. , Tian Z. L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMedium‐temperature ultrahigh pressure (MT‐UHP) eclogites from the south Dabie orogen, as represented by samples from the Jinheqiao, Shuanghe and Bixiling areas, consist of garnet, omphacite, phengite, epidote, hornblendic amphibole, quartz/coesite and rutile with or without kyanite and talc. Garnet is mostly anhedral and unzoned, but a few porphyroblasts are weakly zoned with core–mantle increasing grossular (Xgr) and decreasing pyrope (Xpy) contents. Garnet compositions are closely correlated with the bulk compositions. For instance, the Xpy and Xgr contents are positively correlated with the bulk MgO and CaO contents. Phengite is occasionally zoned with core–rim deceasing Si content, and phengite grains as inclusions in garnet show higher Si than in the matrix, suggesting differently resetting during post‐peak stages. The maximum Si contents are mostly 3.60–3.63 p.f.u. for the three areas. Pseudosections calculated using THERMOCALC suggest that the MT‐UHP eclogites should have a peak assemblage of garnet + omphacite + lawsonite + phengite + coesite in most rocks of higher MgO content. In this assemblage, the Xpy in garnet mostly depends on bulk compositions, whereas the Xgr in garnet and the Si contents in phengite regularly increase, respectively, as temperature and as pressure rise, and thus, can provide robust thermobarometric constraints. Using the Xgr and Si isopleths in pseudosections, the peak P–T conditions were estimated to be 40 kbar/730 °C for the Jinheqiao, 41 kbar/726 °C for the Shuanghe, and 37–52 kbar and 700–830 °C for the Bixiling eclogites. Some eclogites with higher FeO are predicted to have a peak assemblage of garnet + omphacite + coesite ± phengite without lawsonite, where the garnet and phengite compositions highly depend on bulk compositions and generally cannot give available thermobarometric constraints. Decompression of the eclogites with lawsonite in the peak stage is inferred to be accompanied with cooling and involves two stages: an early‐stage decompression is dominated by lawsonite dehydration, resulting in increase in the mode of anhydrous minerals, or further eclogitization, and formation of epidote porphyroblasts and kyanite‐bearing quartz veins in eclogite. As lawsonite dehydration can facilitate evolution of assemblages under fluid‐present conditions, it is difficult to recover real peak P–T conditions for UHP eclogites with lawsonite. This may be a reason why the P–T conditions estimated for eclogites using thermobarometers are mostly lower than those estimated for the coherent ultramafic rocks, and lower than those suggested from the inclusion assemblages in zircon from marble. A late‐stage decompression is dominated by formation of hornblendic amphibole and plagioclase with fluid infiltration. The lawsonite‐absent MT‐UHP eclogites have only experienced a decompression metamorphism corresponding to the later stage and generally lack the epidote overprinting.
From flint razors to lasers: a timeline of hair removal methods
Authors: Fernandez Alexandra A , França Katlein , Chacon Anna H , Nouri Keyvan 
Published: June 2013

SummaryToday, most do not go a day without practicing or hearing about new hair removal methods. However, little is discussed about the history of hair removal and the development of most hair removal methods since the period of cavemen. Avoiding decapitation and fitting in with society are two of many reasons for the development of this now normative practice. Knowledge of the hair growth cycle is vital in understanding the efficacy of various hair removal methods as well as the difference between epilation and depilation. While laser hair removal (LHR) is one of the most common cosmetic procedures practiced in the world, according to the FDA, the only current permanent form of hair removal is electrolysis. These two methods as well as various other ones are discussed in this article. Further developments are being made every day to better treat the removal of blonde and white hair as well as to diminish the pain of hair removal. With these developments, dermatologists will better understand the advancement of hair removal methods and the reasons why patients may seek treatment.
Lateral oblique forehead lines: redefining sleeping lines and treatment with botulinum toxin A
Authors: De Boulle Koenraad , G Turkmani Mohammed 
Published: June 2013

SummaryBackgroundLateral oblique forehead lines had previously been defined as “sleeping lines.” We present arguments to support the premise that these lines are not caused by sleeping position, but arise instead from the repeated contraction of powerful frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles and can therefore be successful treated with onabotulinum toxin A.ObjectivesTo understand the causes behind the development of lateral oblique forehead lines and to look at treatment outcomes using onabotulinum toxin A.MethodsAn examination of facial anatomy and physical laws that could influence the formation of lateral oblique forehead lines was performed. Case studies of two male subjects presenting with these lines and treated with onabotulinum toxin A are discussed.ResultsLateral oblique forehead lines were shown to be the result of muscular contraction rather than sleeping position. There were positive esthetic results in the appearance of these forehead lines in the two patients treated with onabotulinum toxin A.ConclusionThis new definition of lateral oblique forehead lines is important because it allows for the possibility of treating overactive muscular activity with onabotulinum toxin A thereby diminishing the appearance of the lines.
Combination of herbal extracts and platelet‐rich plasma induced dermal papilla cell proliferation: involvement of ERK and Akt pathways
Authors: Rastegar Hosein , Ahmadi Ashtiani Hamidreza , Aghaei Mahmoud , Ehsani Amirohushang , Barikbin Behrooz 
Published: June 2013

SummaryBackground and aimsRecently, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has attracted attention in various medical fields, including plastic surgery, treatment for problematic wounds, and dermatology. Specifically, PRP has been tested during hair transplantation to reduce swelling and pain and to increase hair density. We examined the effects of PRP and herbal extracts combination in order to identify potential stimulants of hair growth.MethodsPRP was prepared using the double‐spin method and applied to dermal papilla cells (DPCs). MTT viability test and BrdU cell proliferation assay were used to study the effect of herbal extracts and PRP on proliferation of DPCs. To understand the mechanisms of herbal extracts and PRP involved in the regulation of hair growth, we evaluated signaling pathways and measured the expressions of ERK and Akt, by Western blot.ResultsCombination of herbal extracts and PRP was found to induce significant proliferation of human DPCs at concentrations ranging from 1.5% to 4.5%. The present study shows that herbal extracts and PRP affect the expressions of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt in DPCs.ConclusionIn this study, we have shown that combination of herbal extracts and PRP plays an active role in promoting the proliferation of human dermal papilla (DP) cells via the regulation of ERK and Akt proteins, and this may be applicable to the future development of herbal extracts and PRP combination therapeutics to enhance hair growth.