bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Photoelectron Imaging Using Tunable UV and Vacuum UV Pulses
Authors: Bartlett Nate C-M , Ogi Yoshihiro , Suzuki Toshinori 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We have constructed an ultrafast laser system that generates both a tunable deep UV pulse and a 158 nm vacuum UV pulse, and performed photoelectron imaging of pyrazine in a supersonic molecular beam. The time-resolution was estimated to be 0.3 ps from a Xe photoionization cross-correlation measurement. The picosecond decay time of the S1(n, π*) state populated by 251 nm excitation was found to be shorter than that previously measured using 264/266 nm excitation. The 3s and 3p Rydberg states excited using the 158 nm pulse were also observed.
Comparative Characteristics of New and Old Generations of Basic General Education Standards
Authors: �������  , Evplova Ekaterina 
Published: March 2015

The article proves relevance of basic general education transition to the Standard of new generation. Main characteristics of the Federal state educational
standard of basic general education are listed. The author attempts to analyze shortcomings of the traditional education system and advantages
of the second generation Standard. The comparative characteristics of new and old generations of basic general education standards is carried out on
the basis of the following indicators: responsibility of a teacher, teaching objectives, structure of the concept &#34;education&#34;, the content of education, transfer
of knowledge, the relation of parents to school, results of training, material equipment of the educational organizations, the last stage of occupation,
documentary maintenance of a lesson, differentiation is more whole than training, the used methods of training, a form of the organization of cognitive
activity of pupils. Definitions of following concepts are revealed: &#34;personal results&#34;, &#34;metasubject results&#34;, &#34;subject results&#34;, &#34;universal educational actions&#34;
(informative, regulatory, communicative)&#34;, &#34;an educational task&#34;, &#34;educational actions&#34;. The role of the teacher in an education system is exposed to
change. Today, the teacher stops being an information source. The role of teacher extends. The modern teacher is the researcher, the consultant, the
manager, the project manager, the navigator of effective work with knowledge, the tutor. The main task of the teacher is creation and organization of
the conditions initiating independent educational activity of school students leading to educational results. By results of studying of this problem conclusion
is drawn that essential distinctions of standards of old and new generation are already noticeable. However the greatest difference can be seen
comparing identities of the pupils prepared according to old and new standards. It will be possible to estimate efficiency of the Federal state educational
standard of the main general education only after its universal introduction.
Basic Directions of Training Educators in Employing Web-Resources for Professional Self-Development
Authors: ��������  , Kuznetsov A. , ����������  , Nimatulaev M. 
Published: March 2015

The priority task of the present-day system of supplementary professional education, aimed at timely retraining of educators and providing for innovative
ways of developing educators, is to elaborate a system of continuous education and post-graduate qualification upgrading, where self-development
plays an important role. One of the critical factors in meeting requirements imposed on the new system of supplementary professional education
is to provide wide use of Web technologies potential for educators� self-development. To self-improve their qualification, the educators should master
information and communicational competencies. Teachers should be engaged in and develop by themselves professional network communities, to
employ teleconferencing technologies, to participate in various thematic forums and social networks in order to involve their colleagues in the process
of professional self-improvement, to initiate various ways of pedagogical interaction, based on various types of communications, personal contacts
etc. One of the primary tasks, aimed at ensuring the innovative features of education in this country for the period up to 2020, would be to establish the
system of continuous education, training and retraining of educators and professional development of post-graduates, �yesterday�s students�.
Diversity 2.0: A framework for audience participation in assessing media systems
Authors: Horowitz Minna Aslama , Napoli Philip M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The concept of diversity has always been an underlying principle in media policy-making and the era of participatory media has not changed that core concern. However, dramatic changes in contemporary media systems suggest a need to reconsider how this complex principle is conceptualized and applied. Social media have brought about a seemingly infinite amount of sources and content by lowering the barriers to participation in the fields of media and communications. Much hope has been attributed to their democratizing potential. However, empirical evidence indicates that much digital media consumption focuses on content provided by few actors, and is becoming polarized. And while the rapid diffusion of new media technologies facilitates more participatory communication, persistent digital divides hinder opportunities for access and production. This article argues that diversity as a policy-making principle needs to be refocused to address these opportunities and challenges regarding the role that media systems can play in fostering citizenship, civil society and participation. Based on existing academic and public/policy discourses, the article constructs a framework of participatory modalities and discusses their relationship with the conventional dimensions of diversity, as well as their relevance in terms of policies and regulation.
Negotiating contemporary romance: Twilight fan fiction
Authors: Isaksson Malin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Produser interaction through fan fictions (fanfics) results in expansions of the narrow range of stories provided by the increasingly consolidated production companies, and is therefore an important contribution to meaning-making discussions about love, gender and sexualities. Fanfic authors rework the romance of Twilight in ways that question its unequal gender power relations, the abstinence and hetero-norms, and the romantic staple of one true love. Given their potential influence on commercial producers, fanfics are more than mere ‘interaction’ yet are not full ‘participation’ according to Carpentier’s AIP model.
Silicon photonics WDM transmitter with single section semiconductor mode-locked laser
Authors: Müller Juliana , Hauck Johannes , Shen Bin , Romero-García Sebastian , Islamova Elmira , Azadeh Saeed Sharif , Joshi Siddharth , Chimot Nicolas , Moscoso-Mártir Alvaro , Merget Florian , Lelarge François , Witzens Jeremy 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We demonstrate a wavelength domain-multiplexed (WDM) optical link relying on a single section semiconductor mode-locked laser (SS-MLL) with quantum dash (Q-Dash) gain material to generate 25 optical carriers spaced by 60.8 GHz, as well as silicon photonics (SiP) resonant ring modulators (RRMs) to modulate individual optical channels. The link requires optical reamplification provided by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in the system experiments reported here. Open eye diagrams with signal quality factors (Q-factors) above 7 are measured with a commercial receiver (Rx). For higher compactness and cost effectiveness, reamplification of the modulated channels with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) operated in the linear regime is highly desirable. System and device characterization indicate compatibility with the latter. While we expect channel counts to be primarily limited by the saturation output power level of the SOA, we estimate a single SOA to support more than eight channels. Prior to describing the system experiments, component design and detailed characterization results are reported including design and characterization of RRMs, ring-based resonant optical add-drop multiplexers (RR-OADMs) and thermal tuners, S-parameters resulting from the interoperation of RRMs and RR-OADMs, and characterization of Q-Dash SS-MLLs reamplified with a commercial SOA. Particular emphasis is placed on peaking effects in the transfer functions of RRMs and RR-OADMs resulting from transient effects in the optical domain, as well as on the characterization of SS-MLLs in regard to relative intensity noise (RIN), stability of the modes of operation, and excess noise after reamplification.
On the existence of solutions for nonlocal boundary value problems
Authors: Szymańska-Dębowska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with the existence of solutions for a system of k equations

x

'
'

=
f

(
t
,
x
,

x
'

)

,

${x^{\prime \prime }=f(t,x,x^{\prime }),}$

where

f
:

[
0
,
1
]

×

ℝ
k

×

ℝ
k

→

ℝ
k

${f\colon [0,1]\times \mathbb {R}^{k}\times \mathbb {R}^{k}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^{k}}$

is a vector function, subject to various nonlocal boundary conditions.
The method is to impose an a priori bound condition on f and apply the Leray–Schauder fixed point theorem.
Our results extend some results in the
references and also provide the information on the existence of stationary solutions for the heat equation with nonlinear gradient source terms.
Nonimmune fetal ascites: identification of ultrasound findings predictive of perinatal death
Authors: Baccega Felipe , de Lourdes Brizot Maria , Jornada Krebs Vera Lúcia , Vieira Francisco Rossana Pulcineli , Zugaib Marcelo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTo determine the ultrasonographic findings that predict death in fetal ascites.This was a retrospective cohort study involving pregnancies with ultrasonographic findings related to fetal ascites. The inclusion criteria were as follows: single pregnancy with a live fetus; ultrasound findings of ascites; ascites unrelated to maternal fetal alloimmunization; and pregnancy follow-up at our institution. TheA total of 154 pregnancies were included in the study. In 8 (5.19%) cases, ascites was an isolated finding, and in 146 cases, other alterations were observed during the ultrasound evaluation. Death before hospital discharge occurred in 117 cases (76.00%). The following ultrasonographic findings were significantly associated with death: gestational age at diagnosis <24 weeks (P<0.0001); stable/progressive ascites evolution (P=0.004); the presence of hydrops (P<0.0001); and the presence of cystic hygroma (P<0.0001). The presence of hydrops, the presence of respiratory tract malformations, and stable/progressive ascites evolution were significantly associated with the prediction of death.Based on ultrasound examination, the presence of hydrops, malformation of the respiratory tract, and stable/progressive evolution of ascites increase the chances of death in cases of fetal ascites.
Spectroscopic investigations on sorption of uranium
onto suspended bentonite: effects of pH, ionic strength and
complexing anions
Authors: Verma Parveen Kumar , Pathak Priyanath , Mohapatra Manoj , Yadav Ashok Kumar , Jha Sambhunath , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu , Mohapatra Prasanta Kumar 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Batch sorption experiments were carried out under aerobic conditions to understand the sorption behavior of U(VI) onto bentonite clay
under varying pH (2–8) and ionic strength (I = 0.01 – 1 M (NaClO4)) conditions. The influences of different
complexing anions (1 · 10
–4 M) such as oxalic acid (ox), carbonate (CO3
2–
), citric acid (cit), and humic acid (HA,
10 mg/L) on the sorption behavior were also investigated. The sorption of U(VI) increased with increasing pH up to pH 6
beyond which a decrease was attributed to the formation of anionic carbonate species. Marginal influence of the change in the ionic
strength of the medium on the sorption profile of uranium suggested inner-sphere complexation onto the bentonite surface. The presence
of humic acid showed interesting sorption profile with varying pH. Initially, there was an enhancement in the sorption with increased
pH followed by a plateau and finally a decrease thereafter due to the formation of aqueous U(VI)-humate complexes. Spectroscopic
studies such as UV spectrophotometry, luminescence and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements were also
performed to understand the changes in aqueous speciation of U(VI) ion. The luminescence yields of different aqueous U(VI) species
followed the order: U(VI)Hydroxy >
U(VI)HumicAcid
> U(VI)carbonate > U(VI)citrate. The lower luminescence yield of U(VI)carbonate complex can
be attributed to the strong dynamic quenching by carbonate at room temperature. The U(VI) samples shows two distinct life-time
suggesting the presence of the different luminescent U(VI) species. Similar trend was observed for U(VI)-bentonite suspension in
presence/absence of the complexing ligands. There was luminescence quenching for the sorbed U(VI) due to surface complexation. These
observations were further supported by spectrophotometric measurements. EXAFS spectra of U(VI) samples were recorded in luminescence
mode at the U L
3 edge. There was shift in the absorbance edge which was attributed to decrease in electron density at U(VI) due to
surface or ligand complexation. The R space spectra are mainly dominated by the back-scattering from the axial oxygens in the first
shell. The inner-sphere multinuclear complex formation takes place during the U(VI) sorption onto bentonite.
A copula-based hierarchical hybrid loss distribution
Authors: Bernardi Enrico , Romagnoli Silvia 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We propose a model for the computation of
the loss probability distribution allowing to take into account the
not-exchangeable behavior of a portfolio clustered into several
classes of homogeneous loans. These classes are classified as `large' or `small' depending on their cardinality. The hierarchical hybrid copula-based model (HHC for short) follows the idea of the clusterized homogeneous copula-based approach (CHC) and its limiting version or the limiting clusterized copula-based model (LCC) proposed in our earlier work. This model allows us to recover a
possible risk hierarchy. We suggest an algorithm to compute the HHC loss distribution and we compare this cdf with that computed through the CHC and LCC approaches (in the Gaussian and Archimedean limit) and also with the pure limiting approaches which are commonly used for high-dimensional problems. We study the scalability of the algorithm.
First detection of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster in wild Eurasian Siskins (Carduelis spinus) in Germany
Authors: Stelter R. , Jung A. , Wohlsein P. , Kummerfeld N. , Legler M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe colonization of the gastric ascomycetous yeast Macrorhabdus (M.) ornithogaster could be associated with a chronic wasting disease in several bird species in captivity. The prevalence and clinical relevance of M. ornithogaster in wild birds is unknown in detail.In the wintering season 2012/13 injured Eurasian Siskins (Carduelis spinus, n = 8) from the area of Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany were examined microbiologically and pathologically.In six out of eight injured Eurasian Siskins M. ornithogaster were detected. The yeast was diagnosed microscopically in wet smears from the gastric isthmus and/or in faecal samples. Histopathological examination (n = 4) of the macroscopically slightly enlarged proventriculus in infected birds demonstrated the growth of M. ornithogaster in the mucosal surface and in the ducts of the glands without an inflammatory reaction. As a possible sign of a lowered fitness, all six infected siskins had a reduced body weight (mean: 11.8 ± 1.64 g) in the lower normal weight range compared to the two injured Eurasian Siskins without M. ornithogaster (15.0 g) as well as to data from the literature. Concurrent intestinal bacterial infections comprised Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens or Salmonella Typhimurium, that are regarded as an abnormal bacterial flora for Eurasian Siskins.Infections with M. ornithogaster can be found in the wild population of Eurasian Siskins in Germany. The frequent occurrence of secondary bacterial infections associated with M. ornithogaster infections should be considered in the treatment and rehabilitation of finches.
Modeling Unequilibrated Oil Saturations in a Chalk Reservoir, the South Arne Field Case
Authors: Vejbæk O.V.. V. , Bech N.. , Christensen S.A.. A. , Høie A.. , If F.. , Kosco K.. , Schiøtt C.R.. R. , White G.. 
Published: March 2015

Summary
The South Arne field presents an example of a North Sea chalk field with an oil distribution strongly affected by fluid dynamics, even at initial conditions. The oil-saturation variation in the South Arne field is effectively modeled with free-water-level (FWL) surfaces, the height above which defines the capillary pressure of oil vs. water. This FWL is in the shape of an elongated dome with a relief on the order of 200 m, corresponding to a smooth, lower-amplitude version of the field structure itself. Dip of the FWL exceeds 100 m/km locally. 2D geological time-scale reservoir simulation is successfully deployed to replicate observed oil-saturation distribution and geometry of the FWL surface. This modeling greatly improves the understanding of and ability to predict the saturation distribution. The anomalous doming of the FWL is thus shown to be because of anomalous lateral-pressure gradients mainly in the water phase, whereas pressure measurements show the oil phase to be without lateral-pressure gradients. The main doming occurs where the oil extends vertically down to a seal at the base of the reservoir. The strong FWL dip is thus maintained on geological time scales (but less than 5 million years) because of low relative permeability to water, whereas oil flows just as readily as in other chalk fields. Because the dip is controlled mainly by low relative mobility of the water, the dip tends to vanish in parts of the field where a water leg is present in permeable rock beneath the oil to allow dissipation of anomalous water pressures. Partial- to full-preproduction imbibition has been identified and modeled in some flank areas. This explains why these parts produce water while other areas at similar saturation and porosity levels flow oil owing to drainage conditions. Identification of degree of imbibition is thus of paramount importance for optimal well placement and prediction of performance. An additional anomaly is found on the northeast flank of the field, where oil in drainage conditions is found deeper than anywhere else in the field. This deep occurrence of oil owes its presence to an anomalously permeable sandy layer close to the northeast flank, stratigraphically above the reservoir. This layer partially drains overpressure, thereby allowing oil to move down the flank from the main field, again because of water-phase-pressure variation, possibly allowing oil to spill into the sandy layer.
System approach to the analysis of an integrated oxy-fuel combustion power plant
Authors: Ziębik Andrzej , Gładysz Paweł 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Oxy-fuel combustion (OFC) belongs to one of the three commonly known clean coal technologies for power generation sector and other industry sectors responsible for CO2 emissions (e.g., steel or cement production). The OFC capture technology is based on using high-purity oxygen in the combustion process instead of atmospheric air. Therefore flue gases have a high concentration of CO2. Due to the limited adiabatic temperature of combustion some part of CO2 must be recycled to the boiler in order to maintain a proper flame temperature. An integrated oxy-fuel combustion power plant constitutes a system consisting of the following technological modules: boiler, steam cycle, air separation unit, cooling water and water treatment system, flue gas quality control system and CO2 processing unit. Due to the interconnections between technological modules, energy, exergy and ecological analyses require a system approach. The paper present the system approach based on the ‘input-output’ method to the analysis of the: direct energy and material consumption, cumulative energy and exergy consumption, system (local and cumulative) exergy losses, and thermoecological cost. Other measures like cumulative degree of perfection or index of sustainable development are also proposed. The paper presents a complex example of the system analysis (from direct energy consumption to thermoecological cost) of an advanced integrated OFC power plant.
Ice slurry flow and heat transfer during flow through tubes of rectangular and slit cross-sections
Authors: Niezgoda-Żelasko Beata , Żelasko Jerzy 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the results of experimental research of pressure drop and heat transfer coefficients of ice slurry during its flow through tubes of rectangular and slit cross-sections. Moreover, the work discusses the influence of solid particles, type of motion and cross-section on the changes in the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient. The analysis presented in the paper allows for identification of the criterial relations used to calculate the Fanning factor and the Nusselt number for laminar and turbulent flow, taking into account elements such as phase change, which accompanies the heat transfer process. Ice slurry flow is treated as a generalized flow of a non-Newtonian fluid.
Realization of the Atkinson-Miller cycle in spark-ignition engine by means of the fully variable inlet valve control system
Authors: Żmudka Zbigniew , Postrzednik Stefan , Przybyła Grzegorz 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The theoretical analysis of the charge exchange process in a spark ignition engine has been presented. This process has significant impact on the effectiveness of engine operation because it is related to the necessity of overcoming the flow resistance, followed by the necessity of doing a work, so-called the charge exchange work. The flow resistance caused by the throttling valve is especially high during the part load operation. The open Atkinson-Miller cycle has been assumed as a model of processes taking place in the engine. Using fully variable inlet valve timing the A-M cycle can be realized according to two systems: system with late inlet valve closing and system with early inlet valve closing. The systems have been analysed individually and comparatively with the open Seiliger-Sabathe cycle which is a theoretical cycle for the classical throttle governing of the engine load. Benefits resulting from application of the systems with independent inlet valve control have been assessed on the basis of the selected parameters: fuel dose, cycle work, charge exchange work and a cycle efficiency. The use of the analysed systems to governing of the SI engine load will enable to eliminate a throttling valve from the system inlet and reduce the charge exchange work, especially within the range of part load operation.
The dilution effect on the extinction of wall diffusion flame
Authors: Ghiti Nadjib 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The dynamic process of the interaction between a turbulent jet diffusion methane flame and a lateral wall was experimentally studied. The evolution of the flame temperature field with the Nitrogen dilution of the methane jet flame was examined. The interaction between the diffusion flame and the lateral wall was investigated for different distance between the wall and the central axes of the jet flame. The dilution is found to play the central role in the flame extinction process. The flame response as the lateral wall approaches from infinity and the increasing of the dilution rate make the flame extinction more rapid than the flame without dilution, when the nitrogen dilution rate increase the flame temperature decrease.