bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluate the Impact of Regional Ionospheric Data Assimilation Model on Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Chen Yan‐Shen , Chen Chia‐Hung , Yang Ming , Chu Feng‐Yu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study presents an innovative approach to improving the accuracy and reducing the error convergence time of static Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation. The research focuses on the impact of the high spatial and temporal resolution of a regional ionospheric data assimilation model on PPP over Taiwan. The study further evaluates the performance of both static PPP with the ionospheric information using commonly used models such as Klobuchar and International Reference Ionosphere (IRI), as well as a global ionospheric data assimilation model. Compared to the default IRI, the data assimilated IRI model can improve the overall ionospheric total electron content by approximately 83%. Additionally, it can significantly reduce horizontal positioning errors and shorten the error convergence time more than 52% for static PPP, even during geomagnetic storm events. The study concludes that the high resolution of a regional ionospheric data assimilation model can enhance the accuracy and reduce the error convergence time of PPP navigation and positioning. This research provides valuable insights for future studies in this field, especially in the development of more precise and efficient models for correcting ionospheric delay in GPS navigation.
Longitudinal Range of the Eastward‐Traveling Equatorial Plasma Bubble Inducing Ionospheric Scintillation
Authors: Abadi P. , Otsuka Y. , Saito S. , Yamamoto M. , Perwitasari S. , Muafiry I. N. , Putra A. Y. , Faturahman A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEquatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) can generate ionospheric scintillation at GHz frequencies used in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Emerging at any longitude following sunset and typically moving eastward, monitoring the EPBs is essential for space weather services. Using three GNSS receivers positioned at the same latitude (∼0°N) but separated in longitudes (∼9°, ∼16°, and ∼25°) and the 47 MHz Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) in Indonesia, our study delineates the zonal extent of eastward‐traveling post‐sunset EPB inducing ionospheric GNSS scintillation. Typically, the scintillation occurrences detected by a ground receiver concentrate between 19 and 01 local time (LT), with a peak incidence observed at 21 LT. Furthermore, an experiment combining EAR observations with GNSS receiver data allowed for the determination of the linear change in the speed of eastward‐traveling EPB inducing scintillation during this time period. Interestingly, the longitudinal range of eastward‐traveling EPBs increased with higher solar flux (F10.7) levels. Our findings suggest that EPB can induce scintillation up to a longitudinal distance of approximately 25° from the onset location at sunset to the eastern midnight region, particularly in F10.7 ranging from 90 to 150 solar flux units. Moreover, experiments using longitudinally separated GNSS receivers indicated that scintillations during 19–01 LT originate from post‐sunset EPBs within a longitudinal range extending 25° to the west. In conclusion, our research provides valuable insight into the ability of eastward‐traveling EPB to induce GNSS scintillation within a longitudinal range of 25°, thereby enhancing EPB and scintillation monitoring and prediction in regional space weather services.
Healthy lifestyle practice correlates with decreased obesity prevalence in individuals with high polygenic risk: TMM CommCohort study
Authors: Sutoh Yoichi , Hachiya Tsuyoshi , Otsuka-Yamasaki Yayoi , Komaki Shohei , Minabe Shiori , Ohmomo Hideki , Sasaki Makoto , Shimizu Atsushi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObesity and overweight, fundamental components of the metabolic syndrome, predispose individuals to lifestyle-related diseases. The extent to which adopting healthy lifestyles can reduce obesity risk, even in those with a high genetic risk, remains uncertain. Our aim was to assess the extent to which lifestyle modifications can improve outcomes in individuals with a high polygenic score (PGS) for obesity. We quantified the genetic risk of obesity using PGSs. Four datasets from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-Based Cohort (TMM CommCohort) were employed in the study. One dataset (n = 9958) was used to select the best model for calculating PGS. The remaining datasets (total n = 69,341) were used in a meta-analysis to validate the model and to evaluate associated risks. The odds ratio (OR) for obesity risk in the intermediate (11th–90th percentiles in the dataset) and high PGS categories (91st–100th) was 2.27 [95% confidence intervals: 2.12–2.44] and 4.83 [4.45–5.25], respectively, compared to that in the low PGS category (1st–10th). Trend analysis showed that an increase in leisure-time physical activity was significantly associated with reduced obesity risk across all genetic risk categories, representing an OR of 0.9 [0.87–0.94] even among individuals in the high PGS category. Similarly, sodium intake displayed a positive association with obesity across all genetic risk categories, yielding an OR of 1.24 [1.17–1.31] in the high PGS category. The risk of obesity was linked to the adoption of healthy lifestyles, even in individuals with high PGS. Our results may provide perspectives for integrating PGSs into preventive medicine.
Likely causal effects of insulin resistance and IGF-1 bioaction on childhood and adult adiposity: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Olwi Duaa I. , Kaisinger Lena R. , Kentistou Katherine A. , Vaudel Marc , Stankovic Stasa , Njølstad Pål R. , Johansson Stefan , Perry John R. B. , Day Felix R. , Ong Ken K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Circulating insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations are positively correlated with adiposity. However, the causal effects of insulin and IGF-1 on adiposity are unclear.

Methods
We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to estimate the likely causal effects of fasting insulin and IGF-1 on relative childhood adiposity and adult body mass index (BMI). To improve accuracy and biological interpretation, we applied Steiger filtering (to avoid reverse causality) and ‘biological effect’ filtering of fasting insulin and IGF-1 associated variants.

Results
Fasting insulin-increasing alleles (35 variants also associated with higher fasting glucose, indicative of insulin resistance) were associated with lower relative childhood adiposity (P = 3.8 × 10−3) and lower adult BMI (P = 1.4 × 10−5). IGF-1-increasing alleles also associated with taller childhood height (351 variants indicative of greater IGF-1 bioaction) showed no association with relative childhood adiposity (P = 0.077) or adult BMI (P = 0.562). Conversely, IGF-1-increasing alleles also associated with shorter childhood height (306 variants indicative of IGF-1 resistance) were associated with lower relative childhood adiposity (P = 6.7 × 10−3), but effects on adult BMI were inconclusive.

Conclusions
Genetic causal modelling indicates negative effects of insulin resistance on childhood and adult adiposity, and negative effects of IGF-1 resistance on childhood adiposity. Our findings demonstrate the need to distinguish between bioaction and resistance when modelling variants associated with biomarker concentrations.
Methodologic considerations in estimating racial disparity of mortality among very preterm infants
Authors: Jiang Siyuan , Rose Laura A. , Gould Jeffrey B. , Bennett Mihoko V. , Profit Jochen , Lee Henry C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This review explores methodological considerations in estimating racial disparities in mortality among very preterm infants (VPIs). Significant methodological variations are evident across studies, potentially affecting the estimated mortality rates of VPIs across racial groups and influencing the perceived direction and magnitude of racial disparities. Key methodological approaches include the birth-based approach versus the fetuses-at-risk approach, with each offering distinct insights depending on the specific research questions posed. Cohort selection and the decision for crude versus adjusted comparison are also critical elements that shape the outcomes and interpretations of these studies. This review underscores the importance of careful methodological planning and highlights that no single approach is definitively superior; rather, each has its strengths and limitations depending on the research objectives. The findings suggest that adjusting the methodological approach to align with specific research questions and contexts is essential for accurately assessing and addressing racial disparities in neonatal mortality.

Impact

Elucidates the impact of methodological choices on perceived racial disparities in neonatal mortality.

Offers a comprehensive comparison of birth-based vs. fetuses-at-risk approaches in the context of racial disparity research.

Provides guidance on the cohort selection and adjustment criteria critical for interpreting studies on racial disparities in very preterm infant mortality.
Placental abruption and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with birth weight ≥1500 grams; US national database study
Authors: Abuelazm Somaya , Iben Sabine , Farghaly Mohsen , Mohamed Mohamed A. , Aly Hany 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is multifactorial, placental abruption is associated with serious neonatal complications attributed to disruption of the maternal-fetal vascular interface. This study aimed to investigate the association between placental abruption and NEC.

Methods
We analyzed the United States (US) National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset for the years 2016–2018. Using the logistic regression model, the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated to assess the risk of NEC in infants born to mothers with placental abruption after controlling for significant confounders. Analyses were repeated after stratifying the population into two birth weight (BW) categories: <1500 g and ≥1500 g.

Results
The study included 11,597,756 newborns. Placental abruption occurred in 0.16% of the population. NEC was diagnosed in 0.18% of infants, with a higher incidence (2.5%) in those born to mothers with placental abruption (aOR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.3, p < 0.001). Placental abruption was associated with NEC only in infants with BW ≥ 1500 g (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.11–1.62, p 0.003).

Conclusion
Placental abruption is associated with an increased risk of NEC in neonates with BW ≥ 1500 g. Research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind this association and to develop targeted interventions to mitigate NEC risks in this population.

Impact

Placental abruption is associated with an increased risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates with a birth weight ≥1500 grams. This effect could be via direct in utero bowel injury or due to indirect postnatal compromise that occurs in these infants.

This is the first study to specifically address the association between placental abruption and NEC in neonates ≥1500 g.

The study used a national dataset that included all neonates delivered in the US, thereby allowing for the generalization of the findings after adjustment for multiple confounding factors.

This study lays the groundwork for subsequent studies aimed at modifying feeding strategies and other neonatal management for the prevention of NEC in infants delivered after placental abruption.
Mesothelin expression correlates with elevated inhibitory immune activity in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Malla Midhun , Deshmukh Sachin Kumar , Wu Sharon , Samec Timothy , Olevian Dane C. , El Naili Reima , El-Rayes Bassel , Xiu Joanne , Farrell Alex , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Lou Emil , Goel Sanjay , Spetzler David , Goldberg Richard M. , Hazlehurst Lori 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe expression of the protein Mesothelin (MSLN) is highly variable in several malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC), and high levels are associated with aggressive clinicopathological features and worse patient survival. Colorectal cancer is both a common and deadly cancer; being the third most common in incidence and second most common cause of cancer-related death. While systemic therapy remains the primary therapeutic option for most patients with stage IV (metastatic; m) CRC, their disease eventually becomes treatment refractory, and 85% succumb within 5 years. Microsatellite-stable (MSS) CRC tumors, which constitute more than 90% of patients with mCRC, are generally refractory to immunotherapeutic interventions. In our current work, we characterize MSLN levels in CRC, specifically correlating expression with clinical outcomes in relevant CRC subtypes, and explore how MSLN expression impacts the status of immune activation and suppression in the peritumoral microenvironment. Higher MSLN expression is prevalent in CMS1 and CMS4 CRC subtypes and correlates with higher gene mutation rates across the patient cohorts. Further, MSLN-high patients exhibit increased M1/M2 macrophage infiltration, PD-L1 staining, immune-inhibitory gene expression, enrichment in inflammatory, TGF-β, IL6/JAK/STAT3, IL2/STAT5 signaling pathways, and mutation in KRAS and FBXW7. Together, these results suggest that MSLN protein is a potential target for antigen-specific therapy and supports investigation into its tumorigenic effects to identify possible therapeutic interventions for patients with high MSLN expressing MSS CRC.
MiRNA-449 family is epigenetically repressed and sensitizes to doxorubicin through ACSL4 downregulation in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Torres-Ruiz Sandra , Garrido-Cano Iris , Lameirinhas Ana , Burgués Octavio , Hernando Cristina , Martínez María Teresa , Rojo Federico , Bermejo Begoña , Tapia Marta , Carbonell-Asins Juan Antonio , Peña Carlos Javier , Lluch Ana , Cejalvo Juan Miguel , Tormo Eduardo , Eroles Pilar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite progress in breast cancer treatment, a significant portion of patients still relapse because of drug resistance. The involvement of microRNAs in cancer progression and chemotherapy response is well established. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the dysregulation of the microRNA-449 family (specifically, microRNA-449a, microRNA-449b-5p, and microRNA-449c-5p) and its impact on resistance to doxorubicin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. We found that the microRNA-449 family is downregulated in triple-negative breast cancer and demonstrated its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. Besides, our findings indicate that the downregulation of the microRNA-449 family is mediated by the microRNAs-449/SIRT1-HDAC1 negative feedback loop. Moreover, it was found that the microRNA-449 family dysregulates the fatty acid metabolism by targeting ACSL4, which is a potential prognostic biomarker that mediates doxorubicin response through regulation of the drug extrusion pump ABCG2. Altogether, our results suggest that the microRNA-449 family might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer since it is implicated in doxorubicin response through ACSL4/ABCG2 axis regulation. Ultimately, our results also highlight the value of microRNAs-449 and ACSL4 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer.
High tolerance of the superconducting current to large grain boundary angles in potassium-doped BaFe2As2
Authors: Hatano Takafumi , Qin Dongyi , Iida Kazumasa , Gao Hongye , Guo Zimeng , Saito Hikaru , Hata Satoshi , Shimada Yusuke , Naito Michio , Yamamoto Akiyasu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Superconducting magnets based on high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) have become critical components in cutting-edge technologies such as advanced medical applications. In HTSs, weak links of superconductivity are inevitable at high-angle grain boundaries (GBs). Thus, two adjacent grains should be crystallographically aligned within the critical angle (θ
c), for which the intergrain critical current density (J
c) starts to decrease exponentially. The θ
c of several iron-based superconductors (IBSs) is larger than that of cuprates. However, the decreases in both θ
c and intergrain J
c under magnetic fields for IBSs are still substantial, hampering their applications in polycrystalline forms. Here, we report that potassium-doped BaFe2As2 (Ba122:K) exhibits superior GB performance to that of previously reported IBSs. A transport J
c of over 0.1 MA/cm2 across [001]-tilt GBs with misorientation angles up to θ
GB = 24° was recorded even at 28 K, which is a required level for practical applications. Additionally, even in an applied magnetic field, θ
c was unaltered, and the decay of the intergrain J
c was small. Our results highlight the exceptional potential of Ba122:K for polycrystalline applications and pave the way for next-generation superconducting magnets.
Multi-habitat landscapes are more diverse and stable with improved function
Authors: Hackett Talya D. , Sauve Alix M. C. , Maia Kate P. , Montoya Daniel , Davies Nancy , Archer Rose , Potts Simon G. , Tylianakis Jason M. , Vaughan Ian P. , Memmott Jane 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConservation, restoration and land management are increasingly implemented at landscape scales1,2. However, because species interaction data are typically habitat- and/or guild-specific, exactly how those interactions connect habitats and affect the stability and function of communities at landscape scales remains poorly understood. We combine multi-guild species interaction data (plant–pollinator and three plant–herbivore–parasitoid communities, collected from landscapes with one, two or three habitats), a field experiment and a modelling approach to show that multi-habitat landscapes support higher species and interaction evenness, more complementary species interactions and more consistent robustness to species loss. These emergent network properties drive improved pollination success in landscapes with more habitats and are not explained by simply summing component habitat webs. Linking landscape composition, through community structure, to ecosystem function, highlights mechanisms by which several contiguous habitats can support landscape-scale ecosystem services.
Visualizing chaperonin function in situ by cryo-electron tomography
Authors: Wagner Jonathan , Carvajal Alonso I. , Bracher Andreas , Beck Florian , Wan William , Bohn Stefan , Körner Roman , Baumeister Wolfgang , Fernandez-Busnadiego Ruben , Hartl F. Ulrich 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChaperonins are large barrel-shaped complexes that mediate ATP-dependent protein folding1–3. The bacterial chaperonin GroEL forms juxtaposed rings that bind unfolded protein and the lid-shaped cofactor GroES at their apertures. In vitro analyses of the chaperonin reaction have shown that substrate protein folds, unimpaired by aggregation, while transiently encapsulated in the GroEL central cavity by GroES4–6. To determine the functional stoichiometry of GroEL, GroES and client protein in situ, here we visualized chaperonin complexes in their natural cellular environment using cryo-electron tomography. We find that, under various growth conditions, around 55–70% of GroEL binds GroES asymmetrically on one ring, with the remainder populating symmetrical complexes. Bound substrate protein is detected on the free ring of the asymmetrical complex, defining the substrate acceptor state. In situ analysis of GroEL–GroES chambers, validated by high-resolution structures obtained in vitro, showed the presence of encapsulated substrate protein in a folded state before release into the cytosol. Based on a comprehensive quantification and conformational analysis of chaperonin complexes, we propose a GroEL–GroES reaction cycle that consists of linked asymmetrical and symmetrical subreactions mediating protein folding. Our findings illuminate the native conformational and functional chaperonin cycle directly within cells.
Thermal infrared directs host-seeking behaviour in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Chandel Avinash , DeBeaubien Nicolas A. , Ganguly Anindya , Meyerhof Geoff T. , Krumholz Andreas A. , Liu Jiangqu , Salgado Vincent L. , Montell Craig 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMosquito-borne diseases affect hundreds of millions of people annually and disproportionately impact the developing world1,2. One mosquito species, Aedesaegypti, is a primary vector of viruses that cause dengue, yellow fever and Zika. The attraction of Ae. aegypti female mosquitos to humans requires integrating multiple cues, including CO2 from breath, organic odours from skin and visual cues, all sensed at mid and long ranges, and other cues sensed at very close range3–6. Here we identify a cue that Ae. aegypti use as part of their sensory arsenal to find humans. We demonstrate that Ae. aegypti sense the infrared (IR) radiation emanating from their targets and use this information in combination with other cues for highly effective mid-range navigation. Detection of thermal IR requires the heat-activated channel TRPA1, which is expressed in neurons at the tip of the antenna. Two opsins are co-expressed with TRPA1 in these neurons and promote the detection of lower IR intensities. We propose that radiant energy causes local heating at the end of the antenna, thereby activating temperature-sensitive receptors in thermosensory neurons. The realization that thermal IR radiation is an outstanding mid-range directional cue expands our understanding as to how mosquitoes are exquisitely effective in locating hosts.
Oligodendrocytes and myelin limit neuronal plasticity in visual cortex
Authors: Xin Wendy , Kaneko Megumi , Roth Richard H. , Zhang Albert , Nocera Sonia , Ding Jun B. , Stryker Michael P. , Chan Jonah R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDevelopmental myelination is a protracted process in the mammalian brain1. One theory for why oligodendrocytes mature so slowly posits that myelination may stabilize neuronal circuits and temper neuronal plasticity as animals age2–4. We tested this theory in the visual cortex, which has a well-defined critical period for experience-dependent neuronal plasticity5. During adolescence, visual experience modulated the rate of oligodendrocyte maturation in visual cortex. To determine whether oligodendrocyte maturation in turn regulates neuronal plasticity, we genetically blocked oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in adolescent mice. In adult mice lacking adolescent oligodendrogenesis, a brief period of monocular deprivation led to a significant decrease in visual cortex responses to the deprived eye, reminiscent of the plasticity normally restricted to adolescence. This enhanced functional plasticity was accompanied by a greater turnover of dendritic spines and coordinated reductions in spine size following deprivation. Furthermore, inhibitory synaptic transmission, which gates experience-dependent plasticity at the circuit level, was diminished in the absence of adolescent oligodendrogenesis. These results establish a critical role for oligodendrocytes in shaping the maturation and stabilization of cortical circuits and support the concept of developmental myelination acting as a functional brake on neuronal plasticity.
Emission control of entangled electrons in photoionisation of a hydrogen molecule
Authors: Shobeiry Farshad , Fross Patrick , Srinivas Hemkumar , Pfeifer Thomas , Moshammer Robert , Harth Anne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor photo-dissociation of a single hydrogen molecule ($$H_2$$

H
2

) with combined XUV and IR laser pulses, we demonstrate optical control of the emission direction of the photoelectron with respect to the outgoing neutral fragment (the H-atom). Depending on the relative delay between the two laser fields, adjustable with sub-femtosecond time resolution, the photoelectron is emitted into the same hemisphere as the H-atom or opposite. This emission asymmetry is a result of entanglement of the two-electron final-state involving the spatially separated bound and emitted electron.