bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of seroprevalence and rates of asymptomatic viremia of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus among Chinese blood donors
Authors: Zeng Peibin , Ma Lili , Gao Zhan , Wang Jingxing , Liu Jing , Huang Xianwei , Yang Qizhi , Cao Ruan , Wen Xiuqiong , Zhu Lili , Ma Hongli , Yang Zhendong , Lee Tzong‐Hae , Brambilla Donald , Yuan Michelle , Glynn Simone , Ness Paul , Kleinman Steve , Busch Michael , Shan Hua ,   International Component of the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III)
Published: December 2014

BackgroundSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), an emerging tick‐borne pathogen that can cause fatal severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, was first identified in China in 2009. Limited evidence suggests that SFTSV can be transmitted between humans via blood contact, raising concerns over transfusion safety. A study of donor samples from three Chinese blood centers was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence and rate of SFTSV viremia among Chinese blood donors.Study Design and MethodsFrom April 16 to October 31, 2012, a total of 17,208 plasma samples were collected from donors at Xinyang (located in an SFTSV‐endemic area), Mianyang, and Luoyang Blood Centers. Assessment of anti‐SFTSV total antibody was performed on all samples using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Repeat‐reactive samples were tested for SFTSV RNA using reverse transcription (RT)–real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with Taqman probes. In addition, 9960 of the Xinyang samples were tested in pools of 4 by the same PCR method and each of the samples in a reactive pool was tested individually.ResultsDonor seroreactivity rates were as follows: Xinyang, 0.54% (80/14,752); Mianyang, 0.27% (3/1130); and Luoyang, 0.28% (3/1326). All seroreactive samples were negative on RT‐PCR single‐sample testing. Two RT‐PCR–reactive donor samples were identified, both with estimated viral load of less than 20 plaque‐forming units/mL. The RNA prevalence rate for SFTSV among donors in Xinyang was 0.02%.ConclusionThis was the first multiregion study of SFTSV sero‐ and viral prevalence among Chinese blood donors. Viral prevalence was low and no seroreactive sample was viremic, suggesting a limited impact of SFTSV on blood safety in China.
CD44 antibody–mediated amelioration of murine immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): mouse background determines the effect of FcγRIIb genetic disruption
Authors: Crow Andrew R. , Amash Alaa , Lazarus Alan H. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundSeveral monoclonal antibodies to CD44 can successfully ameliorate murine immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). As these antibodies may be a potential replacement for intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) in the treatment of ITP and other autoimmune diseases, an understanding of their mechanisms of action is important. The role of the inhibitory Fc receptor (FcγRIIb) in the mechanism of action of IVIG and therapeutic CD44 antibodies remains uncertain. To assess if FcγRIIb in splenic macrophages plays a critical role in the action of these two therapeutics, splenectomized mice and mice genetically deficient in FcγRIIb on different backgrounds were evaluated.Study Design and MethodsThrombocytopenia was induced in FcγRIIb‐deficient mice on B6;129S, C57BL/6, and BALB/C backgrounds, as well as splenectomized mice and control mice by platelet (PLT) antibody. PLT counts were enumerated before and after treatment with anti‐CD44, red blood cell antibodies, or IVIG.ResultsAnti‐CD44 is ineffective at inhibiting thrombocytopenia in B6;129S FcγRIIb‐deficient mice but, like IVIG, is effective in splenectomized mice and FcγRIIb‐deficient mice on the BALB/C and C57BL/6 background.ConclusionThese data suggest that 1) the B6;129S background itself is unlikely to be the sole reason for anti‐CD44's inability to function in B6;129S FcγRIIb‐deficient mice, 2) the simple loss of macrophage FcγRIIb expression alone is insufficient to explain anti‐CD44 ameliorative function, and 3) a combination of mouse background genes in addition to FcγRIIb genetic disruption may affect the ability of anti‐CD44 to function therapeutically. Similarities between IVIG and anti‐CD44 mechanisms suggest that patients responsive to IVIG may also potentially respond to anti‐CD44 treatment.
Transfusion‐related acute lung injury not a two‐hit, but a multicausal model
Authors: Middelburg Rutger A. , van der Bom Johanna G. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThe etiology of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is often referred to as a “two‐hit model,” the first hit being patient predisposition and the second being a transfusion. This model lumps all patient‐related risk factors together and thereby may hamper identification of individual, potentially preventable or modifiable risk factors.Study design and methodsLike any disease, TRALI is multicausal in nature. To be able to effectively scrutinize all contributing causes, we need to clearly describe this multicausality as completely as possible. Several models are already commonly used to describe the multicausality of other diseases, including threshold models and the sufficient cause model.ResultsHere we describe the application of two different multicausal models to TRALI. These models can readily describe any potential scenario for the etiology of TRALI. First we will introduce the intuitively appealing threshold model, which shows some similarities with the Bux and Sachs threshold model for TRALI. Second we discuss the more abstract sufficient cause model.ConclusionsBoth models have their strengths and limitations. Both are, however, better equipped than the two‐hit model to describe the multicausal nature of TRALI. Further identification of all involved risk factors and the complex interplay between them is facilitated by these models.
Composition of lymphocyte subpopulations in normal canine lymph nodes
Authors: Rütgen Barbara C. , König Ramona , Hammer Sabine E. , Groiss Sandra , Saalmüller Armin , Schwendenwein Ilse 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundFlow cytometric immunophenotyping of lymph node aspirates has become a standard practice of canine lymphoma diagnostic workup. Ultimately, the combination of flow cytometry data, histopathology, and clinical signs allows consensus classification, and improves prognostic accuracy and therapeutic approaches.ObjectivesAlthough there is a growing body of information regarding lymphocyte population subsets in various types of lymphoma, only few studies provide information regarding the composition of the normal canine lymph node. The aim of this prospective study was to establish exploratory reference data for lymphocyte subpopulations in normal canine lymph nodes using an extended panel of antibodies.MethodsPopliteal lymph nodes excised from normal dogs were analyzed by cytology, multi‐color flow cytometry using 11 different canine‐specific and anti‐human cross‐reactive monoclonal antibodies, and polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR).ResultsSubpopulations from lymph nodes of 26 dogs were classified according to the following positive antibody reactions: CD11a+ 92.2 ± 12.3%, CD3+ 55.0 ± 14.1%, CD3‐12+ 57.3 ± 14%, CD5+ 52.3 ± 12.7%, CD21+ 33.9 ± 11.8%, CD79αcγ+ 46.9 ± 14.8%, CD56+ 4.9 ± 5.9%, and CD14+ 5.5 ± 6.8%. There were 58.7 ± 9% CD4+ and 21.3 ± 7.8% CD8+ cells inside the gate of CD3+ cells. Cytology revealed a mixed population of mostly lymphoid cells in all samples. The absence of a monoclonal or oligoclonal neoplastic population was confirmed by PARR.ConclusionThis study establishes for the first time flow cytometry data of lymphocyte populations in a larger group of normal canine lymph nodes, including populations positive for some new antibodies against CD3‐12, CD5, CD11a, CD56, and CD79αcy.
Priority setting partnership to identify the top 10 research priorities for the management of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Deane Katherine H O , Flaherty Helen , Daley David J , Pascoe Roland , Penhale Bridget , Clarke Carl E , Sackley Catherine , Storey Stacey 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesThis priority setting partnership was commissioned by Parkinson's UK to encourage people with direct and personal experience of the condition to work together to identify and prioritise the top 10 evidential uncertainties that impact on everyday clinical practice for the management of Parkinson's disease (PD).SettingThe UK.ParticipantsAnyone with experience of PD including: people with Parkinson's (PwP), carers, family and friends, healthcare and social care professionals. Non-clinical researchers and employees of pharmaceutical or medical devices companies were excluded. 1000 participants (60% PwP) provided ideas on research uncertainties, 475 (72% PwP) initially prioritised them and 27 (37% PwP) stakeholders agreed a final top 10.MethodsUsing a modified nominal group technique, participants were surveyed to identify what issues for the management of PD needed research. Unique research questions unanswered by current evidence were identified and participants were asked to identify their top 10 research priorities from this list. The top 26 uncertainties were presented to a consensus meeting with key stakeholders to agree the top 10 research priorities.Results1000 participants provided 4100 responses, which contained 94 unique unanswered research questions that were initially prioritised by 475 participants. A consensus meeting with 27 stakeholders agreed the top 10 research priorities. The overarching research aspiration was an effective cure for PD. The top 10 research priorities for PD management included the need to address motor symptoms (balance and falls, and fine motor control), non-motor symptoms (sleep and urinary dysfunction), mental health issues (stress and anxiety, dementia and mild cognitive impairments), side effects of medications (dyskinesia) and the need to develop interventions specific to the phenotypes of PD and better monitoring methods.ConclusionsThese research priorities identify crucial gaps in the existing evidence to address everyday practicalities in the management of the complexities of PD.
Interocular Shift of Visual Attention Enhances Stereopsis and Visual Acuities of Anisometropic Amblyopes beyond the Critical Period of Visual Development: A Novel Approach
Authors: Huang Liwen , Sun Xinghuai , Luo Gang , Liu Shuai , Liu Rui , Mansouri Behzad , Wong Vicky wing lai , Wen Wen , Liu Hong , Wang Ai-Hou 
Published: December 2014

Aims.Increasing evidence shows that imbalanced suppressive drive prior to binocular combination may be the key factor in amblyopia. We described a novel binocular approach, interocular shift of visual attention (ISVA), for treatment of amblyopia in adult patients.Methods.Visual stimuli were presented anaglyphically on a computer screen. A square target resembling Landolt C had 2 openings, one in red and one in cyan color. Through blue-red goggles, each eye could only see one of the two openings. The patient was required to report the location of the opening presented to the amblyopic eye. It started at an opening size of 800 sec of arc, went up and down in 160 sec of arc step, and stopped when reaching the 5th reversals. Ten patients with anisometropic amblyopia older than age 14 (average age: 26.7) were recruited and received ISVA treatment for 6 weeks, with 2 training sessions per day.Results.Both Titmus stereopsis (z=-2.809, P=0.005) and Random-dot stereopsis(z=-2.317, P=0.018)were significantly improved. Average improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.74 line(t=5.842, P<0.001).Conclusions.The ISVA treatment may be effective in treating amblyopia and restoring stereoscopic function.
FL118 Induces p53-Dependent Senescence in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Promoting Degradation of MdmX
Authors: Ling Xiang , Xu Chao , Fan Chuandong , Zhong Kai , Li Fengzhi , Wang Xinjiang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAnticancer agent FL118 was recently identified in screening of small-molecule inhibitors of human survivin expression. Although FL118 is a camptothecin analogue, its antitumor potency is much superior to other FDA-approved camptothecin analogues (irinotecan and topotecan). The mechanism of action (MOA) underlying the antitumor effects of FL118 remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we report that FL118 activates tumor suppressor p53 as a novel MOA in p53 wild-type cancer cells. Our studies show that this MOA involves an induction of proteasomal degradation of MdmX, a critical negative regulator of p53, in a manner largely independent of ATM-dependent DNA damage signaling pathway but dependent on E3-competent Mdm2. FL118 inhibits p53 polyubiquitination and monoubiquitination by Mdm2–MdmX E3 complex in cells and in cell-free systems. In contrast, FL118 stimulates Mdm2-mediated MdmX ubiquitination. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed that FL118 slightly decreases Mdm2–p53 interactions and moderately increases Mdm2–MdmX interactions, suggesting a change of targeting specificity of Mdm2–MdmX E3 complex from p53 to MdmX, resulting in accelerated MdmX degradation. As a result, p53 ubiquitination by Mdm2–MdmX E3 complex is reduced, which in turn activates p53 signaling. Activation of the p53 pathway by FL118 induces p53-dependent senescence in colorectal cancer cells. However, in the absence of p53 or in the presence of MdmX overexpression, FL118 promotes p53-independent apoptosis. These two distinct cellular consequences collectively contribute to the potent effects of FL118 to inhibit clonogenic potential of colon cancer cells. This study identifies a potential application of FL118 as an MdmX inhibitor for targeted therapies. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7487–97. ©2014 AACR.
Mammary cancer initiation and progression studied with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Fan Xiaobing , Mustafi Devkumar , Markiewicz Erica , Zamora Marta , Vosicky James , Leinroth Abby , Mueller Jeffrey , Macleod Kay , Conzen Suzanne D , Karczmar Gregory S 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Previous work from this laboratory demonstrated that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detects early murine mammary cancers and reliably differentiates between in situ and invasive cancer. Based on this previous work, we used MRI to study initiation and progression of murine mammary cancer, and monitor the transition from the in situ to the invasive phase.

Methods
In total, seven female C3(1) SV40 Tag mice were imaged every two weeks between the ages of 8 to 23 weeks. Lesions were identified on T2-weighted images acquired at 9.4 Tesla based on their morphology and growth rates. Lesions were traced manually on MR images of each slice. Volume of each lesion was calculated by adding measurements from individual slices. Plots of lesion volume versus time were analyzed to obtain the specific growth rate (SGR). The time at which in situ cancers (referred to as ‘mammary intraepithelial neoplasia (MIN)’) and invasive cancers were first detected; and the time at which in situ cancers became invasive were recorded.

Results
A total of 121 cancers (14 to 25 per mouse) were identified in seven mice. On average the MIN lesions and invasive cancers were first detected when mice were 13 and 18 weeks old, respectively. The average SGR was 0.47 ± 0.18 week-1 and there were no differences (P >0.05) between mice. 74 lesions had significantly different tumor growth rates before and after ~17 weeks of age; with average doubling times (DT) of 1.88 and 1.27 weeks, respectively. The average DT was significantly shorter (P <0.0001) after 17 weeks of age. However, the DT for some cancers was longer after 17 weeks of age, and about 10% of the cancers detected did not progress to the invasive stage.

Conclusions
A wide range of growth rates were observed in SV40 mammary cancers. Most cancers transitioned to a more aggressive phenotype at approximately 17 weeks of age, but some cancers became less aggressive. The results suggest that the biology of mammary cancers is extremely heterogeneous. This work is a first step towards use of MRI to improve understanding of factors that control and/or signal the development of aggressive breast cancer.
A mechanophysical phase transition provides a dramatic example of colour polymorphism: the tribochromism of a substituted tri(methylene)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
Authors: Asiri Abdullah M , Heller Harry G , Hughes David S , Hursthouse Michael B , Kendrick John , Leusen Frank JJ , Montis Riccardo 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Derivatives of fulgides have been shown to have interesting photochromic properties. We have synthesised a number of such derivatives and have found, in some cases, that crystals can be made to change colour on crushing, a phenomenon we have termed “tribochromism”. We have studied a number of derivatives by X-ray crystallography, to see if the colour is linked to molecular structure or crystal packing, or both, and our structural results have been supported by calculation of molecular and lattice energies.

Results
A number of 5-dicyanomethylene-4-diphenylmethylene-3-disubstitutedmethylene-tetrahydrofuran-2-one compounds have been prepared and structurally characterised. The compounds are obtained as yellow or dark red crystals, or, in one case, both. In two cases where yellow crystals were obtained, we found that crushing the crystals gave a deep red powder. Structure determinations, including those of the one compound which gave both coloured forms, depending on crystallisation conditions, showed that the yellow crystals contained molecules in which the structure comprised a folded conformation at the diphenylmethylene site, whilst the red crystals contained molecules in a twisted conformation at this site. Lattice energy and molecular conformation energies were calculated for all molecules, and showed that the conformational energy of the molecule in structure IIIa (yellow) is marginally higher, and the conformation thus less stable, than that of the molecule in structure IIIb (red). However, the van der Waals energy for crystal structure IIIa, is slightly stronger than that of structure IIIb – which may be viewed as a hint of a metastable packing preference for IIIa, overcome by the contribution of a more stabilising Coulomb energy to the overall more favourable lattice energy of structure IIIb.

Conclusions
Our studies have shown that the crystal colour is correlated with one of two molecular conformations which are different in energy, but that the less stable conformation can be stabilised by its host crystal lattice.
Factors affecting the stability and repeatability of gamma camera calibration for quantitative imaging applications based on a retrospective review of clinical data
Authors: Anizan Nadège , Wang Hao , Zhou Xian C , Hobbs Robert F , Wahl Richard L , Frey Eric C 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Absolute quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has several important applications including monitoring tumor response after treatment and dose estimation for targeted radionuclide therapy treatment planning. Obtaining quantitative SPECT images in absolute activity units requires the use of a calibration factor, and the repeatability of this directly affects the repeatability of image quantification. This study focused on evaluating the factors affecting the repeatability of a calibration factor measured using a planar image of an in-air calibration source.

Methods
The calibration factors calculated as part of 131I-tositumomab patient dosimetry scans used in treatment planning performed over a 4-year period were retrospectively analyzed. Raw data included total counts in whole-body images of a radioactive calibration source, the activity of the source measured in a radionuclide activity meter (often referred to as a dose calibrator), and the background count rate obtained at three time points for each patient. The count rate from extrinsic flood source acquisitions and radionuclide activity meter constancy obtained on the same day as each image were also used. The data were analyzed statistically using a mixed-effects model to determine the factors affecting variations in the measured calibration factors.

Results
The global variability in the calibration factor was equal to 2.3% and was decreased by 20% to 1.8%, when the decay-corrected measurements of calibration source activity were averaged over the three time points for each patient. Camera sensitivity variation measured using a 57Co sheet source was small and had a weak relationship to calibration factor variations. When the averaged source activity was used, the main source of variance was related to preparation and measurement of the source (77%). Radionuclide activity meter constancy had a smaller but statistically significant impact on the calibration factor.

Conclusions
This study indicates that calibration factors based on planar measurements have good reproducibility. The findings of this study indicate (1) the importance of accurate and precise preparation and measurement of the calibration source activity, (2) the need to carefully control background activity during calibration factor assessment and patient data acquisition, and (3) that the calibration factor and camera sensitivity were stable over time, indicating that careful but less frequent calibration is needed.
The blue fluorescent protein from Vibrio vulnificus CKM-1 is a useful reporter for plant research
Authors: Tu Jin-Min , Chang Ming-Chung , Huang Lynn LH , Chang Ching-Dong , Huang Hao-Jen , Lee Ruey-Hua , Chang Ching-Chun 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
The mBFP is an improved variant of NADPH-dependent blue fluorescent protein that was originally identified from the non-bioluminescent pathogenic bacteria Vibrio vulnificus CKM-1. To explore the application of mBFP in plants, the mBFP gene expression was driven by one of the three promoters, namely, leaf-specific (RbcS), hypoxia-inducible (Adh) or auxin-inducible (DR5) promoters, in different plant tissues such as leaves, roots and flowers under diverse treatments. In addition, the expressed mBFP protein was targeted to five subcellular compartments such as cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, apoplast, chloroplast and mitochondria, respectively, in plant cells.

Results
When the mBFP was transiently expressed in the tobacco leaves and floral tissues of moth orchid, the cytosol and apoplast exhibited brighter blue fluorescence than other compartments. The recombinant mBFP-mS1C fusion protein exhibited enhanced fluorescence intensity that was correlated with more abundant RNA transcripts (1.8 fold) as compared with a control. In the root tips of horizontally grown transgenic Arabidopsis, mBFP could be induced as a reporter under hypoxia condition. Furthermore, the mBFP was localized to the expected subcellular compartments, except that dual targeting was found when the mBFP was fused with the mitochondria-targeting signal peptide. Additionally, the brightness of mBFP blue fluorescence was correlated with NADPH concentration.

Conclusion
The NADPH-dependent blue fluorescent protein could serve as a useful reporter in plants under aerobic or hypoxic condition. However, to avoid masking the mitochondrial targeting signal, fusing mBFP as a fusion tag in the C-terminal will be better when the mBFP is applied in mitochondria trafficking study. Furthermore, mBFP might have the potential to be further adopted as a NADPH biosensor in plant cells. Future codon optimization of mBFP for plants could significantly enhance its brightness and expand its potential applications.