bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From alert to action: earthquake early warning and deaf communities
Authors: Cooper Audrey C. , Cooke Michele L. , Takayama Kota , Sumy Danielle F. , McBride Sara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEarthquake early warning (EEW) alerts may give people valuable seconds to take protective action, such as drop, cover and hold on, before earthquake shaking starts. In order for individuals to take protective action, they need to receive the alert, understand the alert message, and have enough contextual knowledge to take appropriate protective action. Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH+) persons do not have equitable access to earthquake information, warning systems, training, and participation in disaster decision-making at all levels. Despite international policies for emergency alerts to be accessible to people with disabilities, there are no research publications that specifically address the effectiveness of EEW alerts for DHH+ communities. Missed notifications and misunderstandings about elements of the EEW alert message can delay the response time of DHH+ persons. Furthermore, unequal access to earthquake drills and preparedness information can leave DHH+ persons with insufficient context to take protective action when receiving alerts. The existing gaps in effectiveness of the EEW alerts stem from language inequities for DHH+ persons in our schools, workplaces and families, which we analyze by applying linguistic anthropological and sociolinguistic frameworks to examine the nexus of DHH+ communities’ languages and EEW messaging. To advance language equity in EEW alerting, inclusion of DHH+ communities can improve messaging and reduce misunderstandings so that DHH+ persons can quickly take protective action when they receive an alert.
Symphytum genus—from traditional medicine to modern uses: an update on phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and safety
Authors: Trifan Adriana , Wolfram Evelyn , Skalicka-Woźniak Krystyna , Luca Simon Vlad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith around 34 recognized species, Symphytum genus (comfrey) has a noteworthy position within the Boraginaceae family. Comfrey species have been empirically used since ancient times as wound-healing and skin-regenerating agents in ulcers, wounds, bone fractures, and rheumatic complaints. This review aims to provide a thorough examination of recent scientific advances and challenges within the Symphytum genus, covering data published between 2013 and 2023. It delivers an updated overview of the taxonomy, ethnopharmacological uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities of the genus. Special emphasis is put on molecular identification methods for species taxonomy, emerging extraction technologies for comfrey phytochemicals, metabolomics techniques for mapping chemical complexity, modern bioassay platforms revealing its poly-pharmacology, formulation strategies, and remediation approaches for removal of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). For instance, recent metabolomic studies employing advanced spectro-chromatographic techniques have revealed a diverse chemical composition of comfrey plants, including polysaccharides, allantoin, benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, fatty acids, and unsaturated necine-structure-based PAs. The mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound-healing, anti-irritant, and osteo-regenerative properties were targeted in modern pharmacological setups. Thus, key compounds like allantoin, rosmarinic acid, globoidnans A and B, rabdosiin, and comfreyn A, have been identified as significant contributors to the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects of Symphytum-derived preparations. Despite their well-established clinical use, concerns about PAs-induced toxicity have prompted the development of novel PA remediation strategies, enabling the production of comfrey extracts with enhanced safety profiles that can meet the regulatory standards imposed by authorities.
App-Based Addiction Prevention at German Vocational Schools: Implementation and Reach for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Guertler Diana , Bläsing Dominic , Moehring Anne , Meyer Christian , Brandt Dominique , Schmidt Hannah , Rehbein Florian , Neumann Merten , Dreißigacker Arne , Bischof Anja , Bischof Gallus , Sürig Svenja , Hohls Lisa , Hagspiel Maximilian , Wurm Susanne , Haug Severin , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article examines the implementation, participation rates, and potential determinants of participation in the digital addiction prevention program “ready4life.” A two-arm cluster-randomized trial recruited German vocational students via class-based strategies. Intervention group received 16 weeks of in-app coaching; the control group received health behavior information, with coaching offered after 12 months. Potential determinants of participation were analyzed based on class and individual characteristics. Out of 525 contacted schools, 35 participated, enrolling 376 classes. Implementation during the pandemic required flexible adjustments, with 49.7% of introductions conducted in person, 43.1% digitally via online streaming, and 7.2% received a video link via email. Despite challenges, 72.3% of the vocational students downloaded the app, and 46.7% gave informed consent. Participation rates were highest among (associate) professionals, vocational grammar school classes, classes introduced by females, younger individuals, members of the project team, and classes introduced face-to-face. Female gender, lower social competencies, lifetime cannabis use, higher problematic internet use, and higher perceived stress were associated with higher individual participation. The study highlights the importance of proactive outreach and personalized interventions for addiction prevention programs in vocational schools. While reached students aligned with the aims of the app, tailored recruitment strategies could enhance engagement among under-represented groups. The trial was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS00022328; registration date 09.10.2020.
“The value-free ideal, the autonomy thesis, and cognitive diversity”
Authors: Politi Vincenzo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSome debates about the role of non-epistemic values in science discuss the so-called Value-Free Ideal together with the autonomy thesis, to the point that they may be assumed to be intertwined. As I will argue in this article, the two are independent from one another, are supported by different arguments, and ought to be disentangled. I will also show that the arguments against value-freedom and supporting a value-laden conception of science, are different from the arguments against autonomy, which support democratized science. Moreover, while some of the arguments against autonomy and for democratized science may actually be consistent with value-freedom, they conflict with some philosophical views about the internal diversity of well-designed epistemic communities. This article distinguishes the Value-Free Ideal and the autonomy thesis, as well as their antitheses, and investigates their relations to some of the socio-epistemological models of the social organization of scientific research. Its aim is to make explicit some incompatibilities between different normative frameworks developed in philosophy of science.
Standardization in the context of transdisciplinarity
Authors: Blind Knut 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransdisciplinarity is an integrative approach that includes different scientific disciplines as well as stakeholders and researchers to tackle both societal and scientific challenges. Since standards are jointly developed by science, business, and other stakeholders, standardization can be perceived as a specific mode of transdisciplinarity. In the discussion on knowledge transfer as a further performance dimension for researchers, participation in standardization procedures is now also being considered as a further channel, albeit without a sound conceptual and empirical basis. The paper thus aims to provide a conceptual base of standardization as a transdisciplinary knowledge production mode and transfer channel but also gives an outlook on its empirical implementation. The literature review on transdisciplinarity helps us to put standardization into the context of transdisciplinary research and to present a conceptual model of standardization as transdisciplinary knowledge production and transfer. Further, we present the first methodological approaches for the empirical analysis of the transdisciplinary character of standardization. Finally, we conclude with a summary, a number of recommendations derived from transdisciplinary research for standardization, and an outlook toward future research to be tackled with the proposed methodologies.
Temperature Dependence of the Defect States in LWIR (100) and (111)B HgCdTe Epilayers for IR HOT Detectors
Authors: Murawski Krzysztof , Majkowycz K. , Sobieski J. , Kopytko M. , Martyniuk P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHgCdTe epilayers grown by chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on GaAs substrates operating in the long-wave infrared range were characterized by the photoluminescence (PL) method. Photodiode and photoconductor designs, both (100) and (111)B crystallographic, were analyzed. Spectral current responsivity (RI) and a PL signal approximated by a theoretical expression being the product of the density of states and the Fermi–Dirac distribution were used to determine the fundamental transition (energy gap, Eg). For all the samples, an additional deep-level-related transition associated with mercury vacancies (VHg) were observed. The energy distance of about 80 meV above the valence band edge was observed for all the samples. Moreover, measurements at low temperature showed shallow acceptor-level (AsTe and VHg as acceptors) transitions. In HgCdTe(100), due to the higher arsenic activation, AsTe was the dominant acceptor dopant, while, in HgCdTe(111)B, the main acceptor level was formed by the neutral VHg. The determined activation energies for AsTe and VHg dopants were of about 5 meV and 10 meV, respectively.
Fully automated determination of robotic pedicle screw accuracy and precision utilizing computer vision algorithms
Authors: Groisser Benjamin N. , Thakur Ankush , Hillstrom Howard J. , Adhiyaman Akshitha , Zucker Colson , Du Jerry , Cunningham Matthew , Hresko M. Timothy , Haddas Ram , Blanco John , Potter Hollis G. , Mintz Douglas N. , Breighner Ryan E. , Heyer Jessica H. , Widmann Roger F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHistorically, pedicle screw accuracy measurements have relied on CT and expert visual assessment of the position of pedicle screws relative to preoperative plans. Proper pedicle screw placement is necessary to avoid complications, cost and morbidity of revision procedures. The aim of this study was to determine accuracy and precision of pedicle screw insertion via a novel computer vision algorithm using preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans. Three cadaveric specimens were utilized. Screw placement planning on preoperative CT was performed according to standard clinical practice. Two experienced surgeons performed bilateral T2–L4 instrumentation using robotic-assisted navigation. Postoperative CT scans of the instrumented levels were obtained. Automated segmentation and computer vision techniques were employed to align each preoperative vertebra with its postoperative counterpart and then compare screw positions along all three axes. Registration accuracy was assessed by preoperatively embedding spherical markers (tantalum beads) to measure discrepancies in landmark alignment. Eighty-eight pedicle screws were placed in 3 cadavers’ spines. Automated registrations between pre- and postoperative CT achieved sub-voxel accuracy. For the screw tip and tail, the mean three-dimensional errors were 1.67 mm and 1.78 mm, respectively. Mean angular deviation of screw axes from plan was 1.58°. For screw mid-pedicular accuracy, mean absolute error in the medial–lateral and superior–inferior directions were 0.75 mm and 0.60 mm, respectively. This study introduces automated algorithms for determining accuracy and precision of planned pedicle screws. Our accuracy outcomes are comparable or superior to recent robotic-assisted in vivo and cadaver studies. This computerized workflow establishes a standardized protocol for assessing pedicle screw placement accuracy and precision and provides detailed 3D translational and angular accuracy and precision for baseline comparison.
Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes: An Overview of Pathophysiology, Prognosis, Prevention and Management
Authors: Titmuss Angela , Korula Sophy , Wicklow Brandy , Nadeau Kristen J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose of review:
This review explores the emerging evidence regarding pathogenesis, future trajectories, treatment options, and phenotypes of youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Recent findings:
Youth-onset T2D is increasing in incidence and prevalence worldwide, disproportionately affecting First Nations communities, socioeconomically disadvantaged youth, and people of colour. Youth-onset T2D differs in pathogenesis to later-onset T2D and progresses more rapidly. It is associated with more complications, and these occur earlier. While there are limited licensed treatment options available, the available medications also appear to have a poorer response in youth with T2D. Multiple interacting factors likely contribute to this rising prevalence, as well as the increased severity of the condition, including structural inequities, increasing obesity and sedentary lifestyles, and intergenerational transmission from in-utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia and obesity. Youth-onset T2D is also associated with stigma and poorer mental health, and these impact clinical management.

Summary:
There is an urgent need to develop effective interventions to prevent youth-onset T2D and enhance engagement of affected youth. It is also critical to better understand the differing phenotypes of youth-onset T2D, to effectively target treatments, and to address intergenerational transmission in high-risk populations.
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy plus camrelizumab and apatinib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zuo Mengxuan , Cao Yuzhe , Yang Yi , Zheng Guanglei , Li Da , Shao Hongyan , Ma Qiaoyun , Song Peng , An Chao , Li Wang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
There is limited information on combination of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (Ad-HCC). We aim to compare the efficacy and safety of HAIC plus camrelizumab (a PD-1 inhibitor) and apatinib (an VEGFR-2 inhibitor) versus camrelizumab and apatinib for Ad-HCC.

Methods
From April 2019 to October 2022, 416 patients with Ad-HCC who received either HAIC plus camrelizumab and apatinib (TRIPLET protocol, n = 207) or camrelizumab and apatinib (C–A protocol, n = 209) were reviewed retrospectively. The propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce selective bias. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test. Cox regression analyses of independent prognostic factors were evaluated.

Results
After PSM 1:1, 109 patients were assigned to two groups. The median OS of not reached in the TRIPLET group was significantly longer than that of 19.9 months in the C–A group (p < 0.001), while in the TRIPLET group, the median PFS of 11.5 months was significantly longer than that of 9.6 months in the C–A group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that the factors significantly affected the OS were CTP grade, tumor number > 3, and TRIPLET treatment (p < 0.001). Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred at a rate of 82.1% vs. 71.3% in TRIPLET and C–A groups, respectively.

Conclusion
The TRIPLET protocol has promising survival benefits in the management of patients with Ad-HCC, with acceptable safety.
Trail registration: The study has been retrospectively registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (https://www.chictr.org.cn/, ChiCTR2300075828).
The Value of Labial Gland Biopsies as a Diagnostic Test for Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Clark Mollie , Walsh Hannah , Stephens-Laborde India , Khurram Syed Ali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There are a number of diagnostic criteria that can be used to support a diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), a chronic autoimmune condition often characterised by xerostomia and xerophthalmia. Of the available investigations, the most invasive is the labial gland biopsy (LGB) for histopathology, which is associated with a risk of long-term altered sensation to the lip. A positive histological diagnosis is currently considered to be one of the most objective criteria, however there is debate about the interobserver agreement between pathologists, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of this test. We aim to determine if the diagnostic value of the LGB is significant enough to warrant the surgical procedure and its associated risks.

Methods
This study involved assessing the degree of agreement between members of a pathology team for a cohort of 50 LGBs taken for the purpose of confirming or excluding SS. The Tarpley system was used, which involves the allocation of a ‘focus score’. Additionally, the histological diagnoses were compared to the relevant serological findings where available.

Results
All cases within the cohort had adequate tissue for assessment. 84% agreement (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.585) was seen between the current team’s consensus and the original reporting pathologist on whether the appearance was supportive of SS. However, only 58% agreement was seen for focus scores (Weighted Kappa = 0.496). The agreement between the serology result and whether the histology was supportive of SS was 79% (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.493).

Conclusion
The findings raise the possibility that undue emphasis is placed on the value of a histological SS diagnosis. The current system for assessing and grading these biopsies is ambiguous in nature, with a low threshold considered indicative of SS. Due to the risk of complications associated with a LGB, alternative minimally invasive investigations should always be considered. The histological findings in isolation, particularly when a low focus score is seen, may not be predictive of a diagnosis of SS.
The Spanish Version of the Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale (SOCS–O) in Nursing Students: Psychometric Properties and Its Relation with Mindfulness
Authors: Sansó Noemí , Escrivá-Martínez Tamara , Flowers Sarah , West Michael A. , Galiana Laura 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale (SOCS–O) in a large sample of Spanish undergraduate nursing students.

Method
After a forward–backward translation process, we conducted a cross-sectional study among nursing students in their first year of training at two Spanish universities. The mean age of the participants (n = 683) was 22.74 years old, and 83.46% were women. Together with compassion for others, mindfulness was also assessed.

Results
Descriptive results revealed high scores across all dimensions of the SOCS–O. The data supported a 3-factor structure with correlated factors (χ2(167) = 363.47, p < 0.01; CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.05, 90% CI = 0.04, 0.05; SRMR = 0.04). Reliability estimates, measured by Cronbach’s alpha, were excellent, ranging from 0.87 to 0.93. Measurement invariance across gender was confirmed. Men exhibited significantly lower levels in all compassion dimensions: Recognizing suffering (mean difference =  − 0.40), Understanding the universality of suffering (mean difference =  − 0.33), and Behavioral compassion (mean difference =  − 0.57) (all p < 0.01). The structural equation model showed a clear relationship between mindfulness and compassion (χ2(581) = 1345.79, p < 0.01; CFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.92; RMSEA = 0.04, 90% CI = 0.04, 0.04; SRMR = 0.06).

Conclusions
The findings showed that the Spanish version of the SOCS–O has robust psychometric properties. The SOCS–O is a reliable tool for measuring compassion with three subscales and helps advance understanding of compassion among student nurses. The positive relationship between mindfulness and compassion suggests that incorporating mindfulness training into nursing curricula could enhance the delivery of compassionate care.

Preregistration
This study was not preregistered.
Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors approved for systemic therapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Liu Jianzhong , Xia Shuai , Zhang Baoyi , Mohammed Dina Mostafa , Yang Xiangliang , Zhu Yanhong , Jiang Xinnong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLiver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death in the world, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer. More than half of the HCC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and often require systemic therapy. Dysregulation of the activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is involved in the development and progress of HCC, RTKs are therefore the potential targets for systemic therapy of advanced HCC (aHCC). Currently, a total of six small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been approved for aHCC, including first-line sorafenib, lenvatinib, and donafenib, and second-line regorafenib, cabozantinib, and apatinib. These TKIs improved patients survival, which are associated with disease stage, etiology, liver function, tumor burden, baseline levels of alpha-fetoprotein, and treatment history. This review focuses on the clinical outcomes of these TKIs in key clinical trials, retrospective and real-world studies and discusses the future perspectives of TKIs for aHCC, with an aim to provide up-to-date evidence for decision-making in the treatment of aHCC.
Revealing the effect of sea buckthorn oil, fish oil and structured lipid on intestinal microbiota, colonic short chain fatty acid composition and serum lipid profiles in vivo
Authors: Song Ankang , Li Yanbo , Wang Wei , Hu Yueqi , Xu Junjie , Xu Zhixin , Zhou Li , Liu Jikai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effects of sea buckthorn oil (SBO), fish oil (FO) and an enzymatically synthesized structured lipid (SL) on serum, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and intestinal microbiota in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were investigated. The results demonstrated that FO, SBO, and SL effectively reduced the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum of SD rats. SBO increased serum triglyceride levels, while FO elevated total cholesterol levels. Furthermore, all three dietary lipids decreased short-chain fatty acid production and enhanced intestinal microbiota diversity. FO increased the abundance of intestinal microbiota including Romboutsia, Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Conversely, all three dietary lipids reduced the abundance of Klebsiella and Blautia. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the functionality of SBO and FO as well as their potential application in synthesizing novel SLs to regulate intestinal microbiota.
Graphical Abstract
Enriched Koszul duality
Authors: Eurenius Björn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe show that the category of non-counital conilpotent dg-coalgebras and the category of non-unital dg-algebras carry model structures compatible with their closed non-unital monoidal and closed non-unital module category structures respectively. Furthermore, we show that the Quillen equivalence between these two categories extends to a non-unital module category Quillen equivalence, i.e. providing an enriched form of Koszul duality.