bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL‐9 inhibits HTB‐72 melanoma cell growth through upregulation of p21 and TRAIL
Authors: Fang Yujiang , Chen Xuhui , Bai Qian , Qin Chenglu , Mohamud Abdimalik O. , Zhu Ziwen , Ball Tyler W. , Ruth Caleb M. , Newcomer Dylan R. , Herrick Elizabeth J. , Nicholl Michael B. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundIL‐9 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced mainly by Th9 cells. IL‐9 may have an anti‐proliferative role in murine melanoma, however, its effect on human melanoma is unknown.MethodsWe examined the effects of IL‐9 on proliferation and apoptosis in four human melanoma cell lines, HTB‐65, HTB‐72, CRL‐11147, and SK‐Mel‐5. Clonogenic assay, PCNA staining, Quick Cell Proliferation assay, TUNEL staining and caspase‐3 activity assay were used to assess proliferation and apoptosis, as appropriate.ResultsWe found that IL‐9 decreased the percentage of colonies of HTB‐72 and SK‐Mel‐5 cells but not that of HTB‐65 or CRL‐11147 cells. PCNA mRNA, PCNA+ cells, PCNA staining intensity, and the OD value of HTB‐72 melanoma cells were consistently decreased in the present of IL‐9. IL‐9 also increased TUNEL+ cells and the relative caspase‐3 activity in HTB‐72 melanoma cells. We further investigated the possible molecular mechanisms using RT‐PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The anti‐proliferative effect of IL‐9 on HTB‐72 cells correlated with higher expression of anti‐proliferative molecule p21. Its pro‐apoptotic effect on HTB‐72 cells correlated with higher expression of the pro‐apoptotic molecule TRAIL.ConclusionsIL‐9 inhibits melanoma HTB‐72 cell growth by upregulation of p21 and TRAIL. Understanding the interactions between IL‐9 and melanoma may help direct strategies for cytokine‐based immunotherapy development. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:969–974. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐atlas and label fusion approach for patient‐specific MRI based skull estimation
Authors: Torrado‐Carvajal Angel , Herraiz Joaquin L. , Hernandez‐Tamames Juan A. , San Jose‐Estepar Raul , Eryaman Yigitcan , Rozenholc Yves , Adalsteinsson Elfar , Wald Lawrence L. , Malpica Norberto 
Published: May 2015

PurposeMRI‐based skull segmentation is a useful procedure for many imaging applications. This study describes a methodology for automatic segmentation of the complete skull from a single T1‐weighted volume.MethodsThe skull is estimated using a multi‐atlas segmentation approach. Using a whole head computed tomography (CT) scan database, the skull in a new MRI volume is detected by nonrigid image registration of the volume to every CT, and combination of the individual segmentations by label‐fusion. We have compared Majority Voting, Simultaneous Truth and Performance Level Estimation (STAPLE), Shape Based Averaging (SBA), and the Selective and Iterative Method for Performance Level Estimation (SIMPLE) algorithms.ResultsThe pipeline has been evaluated quantitatively using images from the Retrospective Image Registration Evaluation database (reaching an overlap of 72.46 ± 6.99%), a clinical CT‐MR dataset (maximum overlap of 78.31 ± 6.97%), and a whole head CT‐MRI pair (maximum overlap 78.68%). A qualitative evaluation has also been performed on MRI acquisition of volunteers.ConclusionIt is possible to automatically segment the complete skull from MRI data using a multi‐atlas and label fusion approach. This will allow the creation of complete MRI‐based tissue models that can be used in electromagnetic dosimetry applications and attenuation correction in PET/MR. Magn Reson Med 75:1797–1807, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biodegradable polymer blends: miscibility, physicochemical properties and biological response of scaffolds
Authors: Goonoo Nowsheen , Bhaw‐Luximon Archana , Jhurry Dhanjay 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis review provides an overview of synthetic biodegradable polymer blends prepared for tissue engineering applications and aims at establishing structure‐physicochemical‐biological properties relationships. The characteristics of blends consisting of semi‐crystalline/semi‐crystalline and semi‐crystalline/amorphous polymers are presented. Their biological properties such as degradability and biocompatibility and their biological performance as scaffolds in relation to cell adhesion, proliferation, infiltration, morphology and type are discussed. From available data, it can be deduced that miscibility influences physicochemical properties of the corresponding biodegradable polymeric blend scaffold, which in turn impacts on biological response. Immiscibility in polymer blends generally translates into good cell adhesion and proliferation. However, better cellular infiltration has been noted in compatible blends compared to immiscible blends. Factors such as crystallinityversusamorphous character, chirality, surface properties, degradation rate/products, mechanical properties and scaffold fabrication techniques are shown to have a major bearing on cell growth. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Intensity enhancement of photoluminescent polyesters by photocrosslinking
Authors: Lim Wan‐Leng , Oo Chuan‐Wei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA series of polyesters with alkylated triazole heterocyclic rings at the branches were designed and synthesized via the polycondensation reaction. The synthesized polyesters were examined with various spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transform IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The alkyl chain length at the branch was found to affect the thermal stability of the polyesters, which decreased with longer alkyl chain. These polyesters possessed an aggregation‐induced emission enhancement characteristic evidenced by the transformation of the clear solutions in tetrahydrofuran with weak greenish blue emission to cloudy solutions with enhanced blue emission when water was added to promote aggregation. Furthermore, enhancement in the photoluminescence intensity was observed when the polyesters underwent photocrosslinking upon UV irradiation and appeared as self‐assembled aggregates. The formation of aggregates in the water − tetrahydrofuran solutions and after photocrosslinking was confirmed via TEM analysis. The SEM images showed that the photocrosslinked polyesters were highly porous which may enhance the π − π stacking interaction that improved the photoluminescence intensity. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Buying bad behavior: Tournament incentives and securities class action lawsuits
Authors: Shi Wei , Connelly Brian L. , Sanders Wm. Gerard 
Published: May 2015

Research summary: Tournament theory suggests that a large gap in pay between CEOs and top managers can provide incentives to perform, but we argue that it can also elicit negative effort and even motivate the kind of behavior that leads to lawsuits. We posit that this negative effort is greater when firms have high levels of unrelated diversification because there is less operational interdependency, so tournament effects are stronger. We also contend that the influence of tournament incentives on behavior leading to lawsuits is weaker when environmental uncertainty is high. We discuss the consequences of these findings for research on fraud and tournament theory as well as the practical repercussions for firms, investors, and policymakers.Managerial summary: Each year, the press has a field day when companies announce the outsized compensation packages laid out for CEOs. Economists use “tournament theory” to describe how high CEO pay motivates everyone else to work hard to get into the top job. The problem with this approach is that, yes, top managers work harder when the gap between their and the CEO's pay increases, but as that gap widens, it also incentivizes top managers to cheat or cut corners. As a result, we find that the gap between CEO and top manager compensation predicts the likelihood that shareholders will file a securities class action lawsuit against the company. This gap in pay is an especially good predictor of lawsuits for highly unrelated diversified companies and companies facing a low level of external uncertainty. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence of occult leiomyosarcoma at surgery for presumed uterine fibroids: a meta-analysis
Authors: Pritts Elizabeth A. , Vanness David J. , Berek Jonathan S. , Parker William , Feinberg Ronald , Feinberg Jacqueline , Olive David L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThere is a concern regarding the risk of occult leiomyosarcomas found at surgery for presumed benign fibroids. We sought to produce a comprehensive review of published data addressing this issue and provide high-quality prevalence estimates for clinical practice and future research. A comprehensive literature search using the PubMed/MEDLINE database and the Cochrane Library was performed. Inclusion criteria were human studies, peer-reviewed, with original data, involving cases for surgery in which fibroid-related indications were the primary reason for surgery, and histopathology was provided. Candidate studies (4864) were found; 3844 were excluded after review of the abstract. The remaining 1020 manuscripts were reviewed in their entirety, and 133 were included in the Bayesian binomial random effect meta-analysis. The estimated rate of leiomyosarcoma was 0.51 per 1000 procedures (95 % credible interval (CrI) 0.16–0.98) or approximately 1 in 2000. Restricting the meta-analysis to the 64 prospective studies resulted in a substantially lower estimate of 0.12 leiomyosarcomas per 1000 procedures (95 % CrI <0.01–0.75) or approximately 1 leiomyosarcoma per 8300 surgeries. Results suggest that the prevalence of occult leiomyosarcomas at surgery for presumed uterine fibroids is much less frequent than previously estimated. This rate should be incorporated into both clinical practice and future research.
Subjects At‐Risk for Genetic Diseases in Portugal: Illness Representations
Authors: Leite Ângela , Dinis Maria Alzira P. , Sequeiros Jorge , Paúl Constança 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study investigates illness representations of subjects at‐risk for 3 autosomal dominant late‐onset disorders: Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy (FAP) TTR V30M, Huntington's disease (HD) and Machado‐Joseph disease (MJD), comparing them with the illness representations of subjects at‐risk for Hemochromatosis (HH). The present study included a clinical group that consisted of 213 subjects at genetic risk (FAP, HD and MJD), comprising 174 subjects at‐risk for FAP, 34 subjects at‐risk for HD and only 5 subjects at‐risk for MJD; and the control group consisting of 31 subjects at genetic risk for HH. All subjects at‐risk were undergoing the process of genetic counseling to learn their genetic status (carrier or non‐carrier). Subjects were assessed through a semi‐structured single interview, in order to obtain sociodemographic data and the answer to an open‐ended question relating to the illness representation issue: “What does this illness mean to you?/ What is this disease to you?” It was in the subjects’ metaphors that subjects best expressed what they felt regarding the disease and the situation of being at‐risk for this disease. Family is their mirror and their source of learning and, therefore, it is inevitable that family is related to the meaning of the disease itself.
Arsenic content in red‐crowned crane (Grus japonensis) and invertebrates at the bottom of food chain in Zhalong wetland, northeastern China
Authors: Luo Jinming , Ye Yajie , Gao Zhongyan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractArsenic (As) concentration was analyzed in four sediment‐inhabiting animals (Pearsonia of Mollusca Gastropoda, Enchytraeus of Annelida Lumbricidae, Cybister japonicus Sharp of Hexapoda Dytiscidae and Chipangopaludina chinensis of Mollusca Gastropoda) from 19 sampling sites and eight carcasses of red‐crowned crane (Grus japonensis) to examine As transfer along the typical food chain in Wuyur catchments, northeastern China. Results indicated that As concentration in the prey of the red‐crowned cranes was elevated via the food chain. Geo‐accumulation indices at all sites were less than 0, which suggests that this region contained background As concentration. The four aquatic animal families containing As were land snail < water snail < beetle < earthworm. The highest As concentration was found in the liver of the red‐crowned cranes (145–441 ppb) followed by the kidneys (116–258 ppb) and muscles (36–94 ppb). The eggshells of red‐crowned cranes contained relatively high As concentration, which varied from 35 to 235 ppb, whereas the feathers had the lowest concentration, with an average of 25 ppb. The dietary exposure level to As of the red‐crowned crane population in Zhalong Wetland, Northeastern China was lower than the As toxicity threshold concentration. This study reported that eggshells are suitable indicators of As risk levels in red‐crowned crane.
Study of Calc-Silicate Rocks of Hammer-Head Syncline from Southern Sandmata Complex, Northwestern India: Implications on Existence of an Archaean Protolith
Authors: Purohit Ritesh , Papineau Dominic , Mehta Prakshal , Fogel Marilyn , Rao C.V. Dharma 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Existence of an Archaean protolith is suggested in present study from an ensemble of rocks named as Sandmata Complex from northwestern India which have a debatable stratigraphic status of Archaean vs. Proterozoic. Rocks of the Sandmata Complex are represented by a highly metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary complex with multiple cycles of deformation. The manifold tectono-thermal events have obscured the pristine character of the protoliths. In this work we present geochemical features of calc-silicate protolith that show consistent Archaean affinity in the Hammer-Head Syncline (HHS) from southern part of the Sandmata Complex. Notable geochemical characteristics of calc-silicate metasediments in the HHS include high Th/U, high Cr concentrations, high La/Th, moderate La/Yb, and weak positive Eu anomaly. Carbon and oxygen stable isotope compositions of these carbonate metasediments vary between −3.0 and −0.3‰ (δ13Ccarb),-11.6 and −35.0 (δ13Corg) and −19.1 and −13.4‰, (δ18O) respectively. These geochemical observations are in conjunction with the recently published Neoarchaean ages from the HHS and the proximal Hooke syncline.
MineVue Radar for Delineation of Coal Barrier Thickness in Underground Coal Mines: Case Studies
Authors: Singh K. K. K. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Disaster due to inundation is one of the major threats of coalmines. Sudden heavy inrush of high volume of water from the unapproachable and unknown waterlogged workings in underground mines is defined as inundation. There have been several instances of inrush of water due to old galleries getting connected by new development headings, resulting in disasters involving heavy fatalities and loss of machines. This type of disaster has occurred in many coal producing countries and may occur in future until a suitable tool to investigate barriers thickness is in regular use. Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS) has stipulated that a safety barrier thickness of not less than 60 m must be maintained between abandoned workings and contemporary mine developments. It has been estimated that a large number of underground coal mines in India are under threat of adjacent unknown waterlogged mine workings. Therefore, evaluation of barrier thickness up to 60 m is essential to prevent mine disasters due to inundations.
Considering the above facts, a new GPR system named MineVue radar is developed having depth of penetration of 60 m subject to geo-mining conditions of Indian coalmines first time in the world. Final trial of the developed MineVue radar system was done at the Kachhi Balihari Colliery in Bharat Cocking Coal Limited (BCCL), Dhanbad. The validation of GPR data in the known mine sites were done with accurate existing mine-plans to establish the reliability and confidence of mine operators, policy makers and safety personnel.
Naive play and the process of choice in guessing games
Authors: Agranov Marina , Caplin Andrew , Tergiman Chloe 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThere is growing
evidence that not all experimental subjects understand their strategic environment. We introduce a “choice process” (CP) protocol that aids in identifying these subjects. This protocol elicits in an incentive compatible manner provisional choices as players internalize their decision making environment. We implement the CP protocol in the modified 2/3 guessing game and use it to pinpoint players that are naive by identifying those who make weakly dominated choices some time into the play.
At all time horizons these players average close to 50. This is consistent with the assumption in Level-K theory that the least sophisticated subjects (the naive ones) play uniformly over the [1–100] action space. In contrast, sophisticated players show evidence of increased understanding as time passes. We find that the CP protocol mirrors play in multiple setups with distinct time constraints.
Hence it may be worth deploying more broadly to understand the interaction between decision time and choice.
Fair weather avoidance: unpacking the costs and benefits of “Avoiding the Ask”
Authors: Trachtman Hannah , Steinkruger Andrew , Wood Mackenzie , Wooster Adam , Andreoni James , Murphy James J. , Rao Justin M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIf being asked to give to charity stimulates an emotional response, like empathy, that makes giving difficult to resist, a natural self-control mechanism might be to avoid being asked in the first place. We replicate a result from a field experiment that points to the role of empathy in giving. We conduct an experiment in a large superstore in which we solicit donations to charity and randomly allow shoppers the opportunity to avoid solicitation by using the other door. We find the rate of avoidance by store entrants to be 8.9 %. However, we also find that the avoidance effect disappears in very cold weather, suggesting that avoidance behavior is sensitive to its cost.
Effects of pubertal timing on deviant behaviors in Taiwan: A longitudinal analysis of 7th‐ to 12th‐grade adolescents
Authors: Tsai Meng‐Che , Strong Carol , Lin Chung‐Ying 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe investigated the relationship between pubertal timing and deviant behaviors in Taiwan using Taiwan Youth Project (TYP) data. The TYP used multistage‐stratified and class‐clustered methods in 40 randomly selected schools. We analyzed 1541 adolescents (770 boys; 50.0%) who self‐reported their deviant behaviors in 7th, 8th, 10th, and 12th grades. Participants were assigned to early‐ (n = 244; 15.8%), on‐time‐ (n = 992; 64.4%), and late‐ (n = 305; 19.8%) puberty groups, and one‐way analysis of variance and latent growth modeling were used to examine the frequency of deviant behaviors between them. Early‐puberty adolescents had more deviant behaviors (mean = 0.43, SD = 0.74) than did late‐puberty adolescents during 7th grade (mean = 0.27, SD = 0.59; p = 0.004), but not after 8th grade. There were no significant differences in the deviance level between on‐time‐puberty and early‐ and late‐puberty adolescents. Moreover, puberty was not correlated with the growth of deviant behaviors, which decreased with age. However, boys seemed to engage in more deviant behaviors at the beginning, but their engagement seemed to decline faster than it did for girls. In sum, the deviance of early‐puberty adolescents seemed to diminish as they got older.
Brief report: Attention to positive information mediates the relationship between hope and psychosocial well‐being of adolescents
Authors: Yeung Dannii Y. , Ho Samuel M.Y. , Mak Christine W.Y. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis study tested the mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and attentional preferences in the relationship between hope and psychosocial well‐being among 712 adolescents. Results of the structural equation modeling revealed that the beneficial relation of hope to subjective happiness, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and interpersonal difficulties was partially mediated by attention to positive information but not cognitive reappraisal. Findings of this study may inform the design of intervention research by highlighting the importance of hopeful thinking style and attention to positive information in mental health of adolescents.
Dynamic Modelling of Annular Plates of Functionally Graded Structure Resting on Elastic Heterogeneous Foundation with Two Modules
Authors: Wirowski A. , Michalak B. , Gajdzicki M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe contribution is devoted to formulate an averaged mathematical model describing the dynamic behaviour of the composite annular plates resting on elastic heterogeneous foundation with two foundation modules. The plates are made of two-phased, functionally graded — type composites. In contrast to most of the papers in which material properties vary through the plate thickness, in the presented study we have dealt with the plate and foundation in which effective properties vary in a radial direction of the plate. The formulation of the macroscopic mathematical model for the analysis of the dynamic behaviour of these plates will be based on the tolerance averaging technique (Woźniak, Michalak, Jędrysiak, [ed]). This averaging method is an alternative to known asymptotic homogenization. The general results of the contribution will be illustrated by the analysis of free vibrations of the composite plates on heterogeneous foundation. The results obtained from the tolerance model were compared with the results obtained from FEM. There were compared the first four natural frequencies. A good consistency of the results from both methods was obtained.
Influence of Velocity Slip on Turbulent Features of a Drygranular Dense Flow
Authors: Fang C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA zero-order turbulence closure model of a dry granular dense flow is proposed, with the boundary considered an energy source and sink of the turbulent kinetic energy of the grains. Muller-Liu entropy principle is carried out to derive the equilibrium closure relations, with their dynamic responses postulated from the experimental calibrations. A gravity-driven flow with incompressible grains down an inclined moving plane is studied to investigate the influence of velocity slip near solid boundary on the turbulent features of the flow. While the calculated mean porosity and velocity correspond to the experimental outcomes, increasing velocity slip on the boundary tends to enhance the turbulent dissipation nearby. The distribution of the turbulent dissipation shows a similarity with that of conventional Newtonian fluids in turbulent boundary layer flows. Boundary as an energy sink is more apparent in the zero-order model.
EQUALITY VERSUS PRIORITY: A MISLEADING DISTINCTION
Authors: Hausman Daniel M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:The question for those who are concerned with inequalities is not whether to be an egalitarian or a prioritarian. That choice is mislabelled and misconceived. The relevant question is why distributive inequalities are of more than merely instrumental importance with respect to unrelated goals, such as maximizing well-being. The answer is that lessening inequalities in well-being serves a fundamental commitment to equality of moral status. Depending on the circumstances and what is to be distributed, the underlying concern with equality of moral status (coupled with non-distributional concerns about deprivation) might make one resemble a prioritarian, a non-prioritarian egalitarian, or neither.