bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General anaesthesia compared to conscious sedation for first-time atrial fibrillation catheter ablation—a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Riis-Vestergaard Lise Da , Tønnesen Jacob , Ruwald Martin H , Zörner Christopher R , Middelfart Charlotte , Hein Regitze , Johannessen Arne , Hansen Jim , Worck Rene Husted , Gislason Gunnar , Hansen Morten Lock 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Catheter ablation (CA) is a well-established treatment option for atrial fibrillation (AF), where sedation and analgesia are pivotal for patient comfort and lesion formation. The impact of anaesthesia type on AF recurrence rates remains uncertain. This study aimed to examine AF recurrence rates depending on conscious sedation (CS) vs. general anaesthesia (GA) during CA.

Methods and results
Utilizing nationwide data from the Danish healthcare registries, we conducted this cohort study involving adults (≥18 years) undergoing first-time CA for AF between 2010 and 2018. Patients were categorized by anaesthesia type (CS or GA), with the primary endpoint being AF recurrence, defined by a composite endpoint of either antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) prescriptions, AF-related hospital admissions, electrical cardioversions, or AF re-ablation. The impact of anaesthesia type was evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. The study cohort comprised 7957 (6421 CS and 1536 GA) patients. Persistent AF, hypertension, and heart failure, as well as use of AAD, were more prevalent in the GA group. Cumulative incidences of recurrent AF were higher in the CS group at 1 (46% vs. 37%) and at 5 (68% vs. 63%) years. Multivariate analysis revealed CS as significantly associated with increased risk of AF recurrence at 5-year follow-up [hazard ratio 1.26 (95% confidence interval 1.15–1.38)], consistent across paroxysmal and persistent AF subtypes.

Conclusion
This nationwide cohort study suggests a higher risk of AF recurrence with CS during CA compared to GA. These results advocate for considering GA as the preferred anaesthesia type for improved CA outcomes.
Draft Genome of Akame (Lates Japonicus) Reveals Possible Genetic Mechanisms for Long-Term Persistence and Adaptive Evolution with Low Genetic Diversity
Authors: Hashiguchi Yasuyuki , Mishina Tappei , Takeshima Hirohiko , Nakayama Kouji , Tanoue Hideaki , Takeshita Naohiko , Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
It is known that some endangered species have persisted for thousands of years despite their very small effective population sizes and low levels of genetic polymorphisms. To understand the genetic mechanisms of long-term persistence in threatened species, we determined the whole genome sequences of akame (Lates japonicus), which has survived for a long time with extremely low genetic variations. Genome-wide heterozygosity in akame was estimated to be 3.3 to 3.4 × 10−4/bp, one of the smallest values in teleost fishes. Analysis of demographic history revealed that the effective population size in akame was around 1,000 from 30,000 years ago to the recent past. The relatively high ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous heterozygosity in akame indicated an increased genetic load. However, a detailed analysis of genetic diversity in the akame genome revealed that multiple genomic regions, including genes involved in immunity, synaptic development, and olfactory sensory systems, have retained relatively high nucleotide polymorphisms. This implies that the akame genome has preserved the functional genetic variations by balancing selection, to avoid a reduction in viability and loss of adaptive potential. Analysis of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution rates has detected signs of positive selection in many akame genes, suggesting adaptive evolution to temperate waters after the speciation of akame and its close relative, barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Our results indicate that the functional genetic diversity likely contributed to the long-term persistence of this species by avoiding the harmful effects of the population size reduction.
Aiming for transformations in power: lessons from intersectoral CBPR with public housing tenants (Québec, Canada)
Authors: Radziszewski Stephanie , Houle Janie , Montiel Corentin , Fontan Jean-Marc , Torres Juan , Frohlich Katherine L , Boivin Antoine , Coulombe Simon , Gaudreau Hélène 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Intersectoral collaborations are recommended as effective strategies to reduce health inequalities. People most affected by health inequalities, as are people living in poverty, remain generally absent from such intersectoral collaborations. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) projects can be leveraged to better understand how to involve people with lived experience to support both individual and community empowerment. In this paper, we offer a critical reflection on a CBPR project conducted in public housing in Québec, Canada, that aimed to develop intersectoral collaboration between tenants and senior executives from four sectors (housing, health, city and community organizations). This single qualitative case study design consisted of fieldwork documents, observations and semi-structured interviews. Using the Emancipatory Power Framework (EPF) and the Limiting Power Framework (LPF), we describe examples of types of power and resistance shown by the tenants, the intersectoral partners and the research team. The discussion presents lessons learned through the study, including the importance for research teams to reflect on their own power, especially when aiming to reduce health inequalities. The paper concludes by describing the limitations of the analyses conducted through the EPF–LPF frameworks and suggestions to increase the transformative power of future studies.
Repeated large declines in the Barents Sea capelin population are associated with different ecosystem conditions
Authors: Olsen Tora , Stige Leif Christian , Dupont Nicolas , Durant Joël M , Langangen Øystein 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although fluctuations in the biomass of small pelagic fish are strong and rapid, they are largely investigated as individual events or generalized to what is common across several species and populations. The Barents Sea capelin population, which experienced four large decreases in biomass between 1980 and 2016, can be used to compare the similarity of causes and sequence of events leading up to large biomass decline in the same population. Here, we used an age-structured state-space model to investigate the possible contributions from somatic growth, food availability, temperature, predation by Atlantic cod, herring interactions, and/or fisheries on the capelin biomass declines. We recalculated total biomass while perturbing these effects and assessed the change in total biomass. We did not find a single, common cause for the dramatic biomass declines. Although median biomass increased in several of the scenarios, a large decline in total biomass was mostly retained. Atlantic cod predation and food availability influenced adult capelin biomass. Food availability mainly impacted the first period, while the importance of Atlantic cod predation increased from the first period to the third period. Reducing larval mortality from herring interactions or temperature did not suppress the biomass declines. Recruitment failures were maintained due to a combination of process errors and uncertainty in the effect of spawning biomass, and thus fisheries, on age 0 abundance. The impact of each perturbation depended on the specific ecosystem context at the time of the biomass decline.
Algorithmic Aspects of Immersibility and Embeddability
Authors: Manin Fedor , Weinberger Shmuel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We analyze an algorithmic question about immersion theory: for which $m$, $n$, and $CAT=\textbf{Diff}$ or $\textbf{PL}$ is the question of whether an $m$-dimensional $CAT$-manifold is immersible in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ decidable? We show that PL immersibility is decidable in all cases except for codimension 2, whereas smooth immersibility is decidable in all odd codimensions and undecidable in many even codimensions. As a corollary, we show that the smooth embeddability of an $m$-manifold with boundary in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ is undecidable when $n-m$ is even and $11m \geq 10n+1$.
Geopolitical Narratives of Withdrawal and the Counter-Narrative of Women's Rights Activism in Afghanistan
Authors: True Jacqui , Akbari Farkhondeh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gendered narratives are political narratives that frequently frame decisions to go to war or broker peace. Such geopolitical narratives both enable the protection of women's rights and violate them. Women's rights, specifically, have been used as a rhetorical device by security policymakers to persuade people of the urgency and legitimacy of foreign intervention or withdrawal. We explore how gendered, geopolitical narratives work to construct understandings of political reality and delimit foreign policy options, and how counter-narratives contest them, transforming the available policy options. Drawing on narrative analysis frameworks, we examine the shifting narratives invoking “Afghan women” that facilitated the change in US policy on Afghanistan between 2018 and 2021 and the consequent return of the Taliban. In response to the US withdrawal, we investigate the counter-narrative of Afghan women that emphasizes universal human rights, inclusive peace, and international recognition of the situation of “gender apartheid.” We argue that counter-narratives supported by political strategies are an effective instrument for empowering marginalized women and legitimizing their activism that protests the continuation of war against women despite the end of military war.
Feasibility and Accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy for Nipple Lesions: A Pilot Study
Authors: O’Brien Sophia R , Medrano Damien , Birnbaum Julia , McDonald Elizabeth S , Conant Emily F , Weinstein Susan P , Fayanju Oluwadamilola M , Zuckerman Samantha P , Edmonds Christine E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Due to the superficial location, suspicious findings of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) are not amenable to stereotactic or MRI-guided sampling and have historically necessitated surgical biopsy or skin-punch biopsy. There are limited reports of US-guided core biopsy of the nipple (US-CBN).

Objective
We report our nearly 3-year pilot experience with US-CBN at an academic breast imaging center.

Methods
An institutional review board–exempt and HIPAA-compliant retrospective review was performed. We assessed patient demographics, breast imaging characteristics, procedural data, pathology, and outcomes.

Results
Nine female patients aged 27 to 64 underwent US-CBN from January 2021 to October 2023. Initial imaging abnormalities included abnormal MRI enhancement, mammographic calcifications, and sonographic masses. After initial or second-look US, all imaging findings had sonographic correlates for biopsy specimens, the majority of which were sonographic masses (8/9). US-CBN was performed by 6 breast radiologists using a variety of devices. All biopsy specimen results were concordant with sonographic abnormalities, although 1 was considered discordant from the initial abnormality seen on MRI. There were no complications, and discomfort during the procedure was well-treated. Two patients (22%, 2/9) were diagnosed with malignancy.

Conclusion
This pilot study demonstrated that US-CBN can be performed by a breast radiologist for definitive diagnosis of suspicious nipple abnormalities seen on breast imaging, avoiding surgery, and maintaining nipple integrity. In our population, 22% (2/9) of US-CBNs revealed malignancy.
Acellular Dermal Matrix: Imaging Features With Histopathology Correlation
Authors: Dhami Alysha , Rutland Cooper D , Momeni Arash , Waheed Uzma 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is an immunologically inert graft, typically from cadaveric skin, often used in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Created from decellularized dermal tissues that have been treated to remove DNA and antigenic donor cells (leaving extracellular matrix), ADM is often used as a structural scaffold or sling to reinforce and support the structure and position of a breast implant during postoperative integration in implant-based breast reconstruction; ADM can also be used to fill cosmetic defects. Advantages of ADM use include improved cosmesis and reduced capsular contracture rates. On US, ADM can be seen as a subtle band with variable echogenicity adjacent to the implant. When folded on itself or redundant, ADM may present as a palpable oval mass with indistinct or circumscribed margins and variable echogenicity. On mammography, ADM can be seen as a circumscribed oval equal density mass when redundant and folded on itself; a layered appearance may be evident on tomosynthesis. On MRI, presence and absence of enhancement have been documented. Imaging findings likely vary depending on the degree of host tissue remodeling and incorporation, and when biopsied, histopathologically, ADM may be difficult to distinguish from scarring. Successful imaging diagnosis of ADM is aided by clinical knowledge of the intraoperative use and configuration of ADM, which may help differentiate ADM from new or recurrent malignancy and avoid unnecessary biopsy.
Life history parameters of Ectropis grisescens (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in different Wolbachia infection states
Authors: Li Qiangkun , Ji Ruijie , Zi Huabin , Sun Wanpeng , Zhang Yong , Wu Xinyu , Long Yanhua , Yang Yunqiu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Wolbachia, a prevalent intracellular symbiotic bacterium in insects, plays a significant role in insect biology. Ectropis grisescens (Warren; Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is a devastating chewing pest distributed in tea plantations throughout China. However, it is unclear how Wolbachia titers affect the fitness and reproduction of E. grisescens. In this study, the impacts of 3 different infection lines, naturally Wolbachia-infected, Wolbachia-uninfected, and Wolbachia transinfected, regarding the life history traits of E. grisescens, were evaluated using the age-stage, 2-sex life table. Wolbachia infection shortened preadult duration and preoviposition periods and increased the fecundity, net reproductive rate, and finite rate of increase. Meanwhile, population projection indicated that E. grisescens population size with Wolbachia infection can increase faster than without. These results indicate that Wolbachia plays a regulatory role in the fitness of E. grisescens. It is also noted that the life history parameters of E. grisescens may positively correlate with Wolbachia titers. These findings could aid in pest management in tea gardens.
Removal of circulating mitochondrial N-formyl peptides via immobilized antibody therapy restores sepsis-induced neutrophil dysfunction
Authors: Kwon Woon Yong , Jung Yoon Sun , Suh Gil Joon , Kim Sung Hee , Lee Areum , Kim Jeong Yeon , Kim Hayoung , Park Heesu , Shin Jieun , Kim Taegyun , Kim Kyung Su , Itagaki Kiyoshi , Hauser Carl J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
During recovery from septic shock, circulating mitochondrial N-formyl peptides predispose to secondary infection by occupying formyl peptide receptor 1 on the neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte) membrane, suppressing cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i)-dependent responses to secondarily encountered bacteria. However, no study has yet investigated therapeutic clearance of circulating mitochondrial N-formyl peptides in clinical settings. Thus, we studied how to remove mitochondrial N-formyl peptides from septic-shock plasma and whether such removal could preserve cell-surface formyl peptide receptor 1 and restore sepsis-induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte dysfunction by normalizing [Ca2+]i flux. In in vitro model systems, mitochondrial N-formyl peptide removal rescued polymorphonuclear leukocyte formyl peptide receptor 1-mediated [Ca2+]i flux and chemotaxis that had been suppressed by prior mitochondrial N-formyl peptide exposure. However, polymorphonuclear leukocyte functional recovery occurred in a stepwise fashion over 30 to 90 min. Intracellular Ca2+-calmodulin appears to contribute to this delay. In ex vivo model, systems using blood samples obtained from patients with septic shock, antimitochondrial N-formyl peptide antibodies alone failed to eliminate mitochondrial N-formyl peptides from septic-shock plasma or inhibit mitochondrial N-formyl peptide activity. We therefore created a beads-based antimitochondrial N-formyl peptide antibody cocktail by combining protein A/sepharose with antibodies specific for the most potent human mitochondrial N-formyl peptide chemoattractants. The beads-based antimitochondrial N-formyl peptide antibody cocktail treatment successfully removed those active mitochondrial N-formyl peptides from septic-shock plasma. Furthermore, the beads-based antimitochondrial N-formyl peptide antibody cocktail treatment significantly restored chemotactic and bactericidal dysfunction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained from patients with septic shock who developed secondary infections. By clearing circulating mitochondrial N-formyl peptides, the immobilized antimitochondrial N-formyl peptide antibody therapy prevented mitochondrial N-formyl peptide interactions with surface formyl peptide receptor 1, thereby restoring [Ca2+]i-dependent polymorphonuclear leukocyte antimicrobial function in clinical septic-shock environments. This approach may help prevent the development of secondary, nosocomial infections in patients recovering from septic shock.
Physical activity and cognition: longitudinal findings from the Thinking and Living with Cancer Study
Authors: Artese Ashley L , Zhou Xingtao , Tometich Danielle B , Small Brent J , Ahles Tim A , Ahn Jaeil , Bethea Traci N , Breen Elizabeth C , Cohen Harvey J , Extermann Martine , Graham Deena , Isaacs Claudine , Jim Heather S L , McDonald Brenna C , Nakamura Zev M , Patel Sunita K , Rentscher Kelly E , Root James C , Saykin Andrew J , Van Dyk Kathleen , Zhai Wanting , Carroll Judith E , Mandelblatt Jeanne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Physical activity can improve cognition; however, little is known regarding the relationships between longitudinal objectively measured physical activity, cognition, and inflammation in older breast cancer survivors.

Methods
Older (aged 60 years and older) breast cancer survivors (n = 216) and frequency-matched noncancer control participants (n = 216) were assessed at baseline (presystemic therapy for survivors) and annually for up to 5 years. Assessments included hip-worn actigraphs worn for 7 days, neuropsychological tests, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function perceived cognitive impairment subscale, and circulating levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effect, random-effect contemporaneous fluctuation, and multilevel mediation models, considering covariates; a P value less than .05 (2-sided) was considered statistically significant.

Results
Survivors had fewer minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than controls at 36-, 48-, and 60-month time points (P &lt; .03). Fewer survivors met aerobic physical activity guidelines at 36 months than control participants (17.7% vs 33.0%, P = .030). When guidelines were met (vs not), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function perceived cognitive impairment scores were 2.1 (1.0) (P = .034) points higher. Higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and meeting aerobic guidelines were not related to objective neuropsychological performance. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was inversely associated with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (P &lt; .001), but inflammation did not mediate physical activity effects on perceived cognition.

Conclusions
Older breast cancer survivors were less physically active than older noncancer controls, especially farther from baseline. Meeting aerobic guidelines was associated with better perceived cognition in survivors. Survivorship care should consider physical activity monitoring and referral to rehabilitation and supervised exercise programs to promote physical activity and improve recovery in older survivors.
Tobacco–cannabis co-use among cancer patients and survivors: findings from 2 US cancer centers
Authors: Smith Danielle M , Kaye Jesse T , Walters Kyle J , Schlienz Nicolas J , Hyland Andrew J , Ashare Rebecca L , Tomko Rachel L , Dahne Jennifer , McRae-Clark Aimee L , McClure Erin A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Cannabis use is prevalent among cancer patients and survivors and may provide some therapeutic benefits for this population. However, benefits may be attenuated when cannabis is co-used with tobacco, which is associated with more severe tobacco and cannabis use and adverse outcomes in noncancer populations. We compared cannabis use, primary mode of use, and therapeutic and/or nontherapeutic use among 3 groups of patients and survivors based on cigarette smoking status.

Methods
Survey data was collected from patients and survivors with cancer (n = 1732) at 2 US National Cancer Institute–designated cancer centers in states with varying cannabis regulatory policy. Prevalence of cannabis use (prior to diagnosis, after diagnosis, before treatment, after treatment), primary mode of use, and therapeutic and/or nontherapeutic use were assessed by cigarette smoking status (current, former, never) within and across centers using weighted bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression, controlling for demographic and clinical variables.

Results
Current cigarette use was associated with greater rates of cannabis use prior to diagnosis, after diagnosis, during treatment, and after treatment within each center (all P &lt; .001) and in pooled analyses across centers (all P &lt; .001). Primary mode of use, knowledge of cannabis products, and therapeutic and/or nontherapeutic use also statistically differed by tobacco status and study site.

Conclusions
Results illustrate the importance of conducting assessments for both tobacco and cannabis use among cancer patients during and after cancer treatment, regardless of the cannabis regulatory environment. Given previous data indicating harms from co-use and continued tobacco use during cancer treatment, this issue introduces new priorities for cancer care delivery and research.
Improving instrumental variable estimators with poststratification
Authors: Pashley Nicole E , Keele Luke , Miratrix Luke W 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Experiments studying get-out-the-vote (GOTV) efforts estimate causal effects of various mobilization efforts on voter turnout. However, there is often substantial noncompliance in these studies. A usual approach is to use an instrumental variable (IV) analysis to estimate impacts for compliers, here being those actually contacted by the investigators. Unfortunately, popular IV estimators can be unstable in studies with a small fraction of compliers. We explore poststratifying the data (e.g. taking a weighted average of IV estimates within each stratum) using variables that predict complier status (and, potentially, the outcome) to mitigate this. We present the benefits of poststratification in terms of bias, variance, and improved standard error estimates, and provide a finite-sample asymptotic variance formula. We also compare the performance of different IV approaches and discuss the advantages of our design-based poststratification approach over incorporating compliance-predictive covariates into the two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimator. In the end, we show that covariates predictive of compliance can increase precision, but only if one is willing to make a bias-variance trade-off by down-weighting or dropping strata with few compliers. By contrast, standard approaches such as 2SLS fail to use such information. We finally examine the benefits of our approach in two GOTV applications.