bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal dosing of antibiotics in critically ill patients by using continuous/extended infusions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chant Clarence , Leung Ann , Friedrich Jan O 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to determine whether using pharmacodynamic-based dosing of antimicrobials, such as extended/continuous infusions, in critically ill patients is associated with improved outcomes as compared with traditional dosing methods.

Methods
We searched Medline, HealthStar, EMBASE, Cochrane Clinical Trial Registry, and CINAHL from inception to September 2013 without language restrictions for studies comparing the use of extended/continuous infusions with traditional dosing. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data on methodology and outcomes, and performed quality assessment. Meta-analyses were performed by using random-effects models.

Results
Of 1,319 citations, 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n=782 patients) and 13 cohort studies (n=2,117 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Compared with traditional non-pharmacodynamic-based dosing, RCTs of continuous/extended infusions significantly reduced clinical failure rates (relative risk (RR) 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49 to 0.94, P = 0.02) and intensive care unit length of stay (mean difference, −1.5; 95% CI, −2.8 to −0.2 days, P=0.02), but not mortality (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.19; P=0.38). No significant between-trial heterogeneity was found for these analyses (I
2
=0). Reduced mortality rates almost achieved statistical significance when the results of all included studies (RCTs and cohort studies) were pooled (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.00; P=0.054).

Conclusions
Pooled results from small RCTs suggest reduced clinical failure rates and intensive care unit length-of-stay when using continuous/extended infusions of antibiotics in critically ill patients. Reduced mortality rates almost achieved statistical significance when the results of RCTs were combined with cohort studies. These results support the conduct of adequately powered RCTs to define better the utility of continuous/extended infusions in the era of antibiotic resistance.
Hypoxia promotes liver stage malaria infection in primary human hepatocytes in vitro
Authors: Ng Shengyong , March Sandra , Galstian Ani , Hanson Kirsten , Carvalho Tania , Mota Maria M. , Bhatia Sangeeta N. 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Homeostasis of mammalian cell function strictly depends on balancing oxygen exposure to maintain energy metabolism without producing excessive reactive oxygen species. In vivo, cells in different tissues are exposed to a wide range of oxygen concentrations, and yet in vitro models almost exclusively expose cultured cells to higher, atmospheric oxygen levels. Existing models of liver stage malaria that utilize primary human hepatocytes typically exhibit low in vitro infection efficiencies, possibly due to missing microenvironmental support signals. One cue that may influence the infection capacity of cultured human hepatocytes is the dissolved oxygen concentration. We developed a microscale human liver platform comprised of precisely patterned primary human hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells (MPCC) to model liver stage malaria, but the oxygen concentrations are typically higher in the in vitro liver platform than anywhere along the hepatic sinusoid. Indeed, we observed that liver stage Plasmodium parasite development in vivo correlates with hepatic sinusoidal oxygen gradients. Therefore, we hypothesized that in vitro liver stage malaria infection efficiencies may improve under hypoxia. Using the infection of MPCCs with P. berghei or P. yoelii as a model, we observed that ambient hypoxia resulted in increased survival of exo-erythrocytic forms (EEFs) in hepatocytes, and improved parasite development in a subset of surviving EEFs, based on EEF size. Further, the effective cell surface oxygen tensions (pO2) experienced by the hepatocytes, as predicted by a mathematical model, were systematically perturbed by varying culture parameters like hepatocyte density and media height, uncovering an optimal cell surface pO2 to maximize the number of mature EEFs. Initial mechanistic experiments reveal that treatment of primary human hepatocytes with the hypoxia mimetic, cobalt (II) chloride, as well as a HIF-1α activator, dimethyloxalylglycine, also enhance P. berghei infection, suggesting that the effect of hypoxia on infection is mediated in part by host-dependent HIF-1α mechanisms.
Crystal Structures of Ln(III) (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd) Complexes with N,N,N′,N′-Tetraethyldiglycolamide Associated with Homoleptic [Ln(NO3)6)]3−
Authors: Kawasaki Takeshi , Okumura Shin , Sasaki Yuji , Ikeda Yasuhisa 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Novel lanthanoid(III) (Ln(III)) complexes with N,N,N′,N′-tetraethyldiglycolamide (TEDGA), [Ln(TEDGA)3][Ln(NO3)6] (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd), have been synthesized and characterized crystallographically. The crystal structures of these complexes are constructed by the packing of [Ln(TEDGA)3]3+ cations and [Ln(NO3)6]3− anions. The [Ln(TEDGA)3]3+ cations exhibit distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry, in which Ln(III) ions are coordinated by nine oxygen atoms from three tridentate TEDGA ligands. The [Ln(NO3)6]3− anions have distorted icosahedral geometry, where Ln(III) ions are coordinated by twelve oxygen atoms from the six bidentate nitrate ligands. The Ln–O bond lengths tend to increase in the following order, Ln–Onitrate &gt; Ln–Oether &gt; Ln–Ocarbo. Each Ln–O bond length becomes gradually short according to the lanthanoid contraction.
Optimal Control of Slow-Active Vehicle Suspension — Results of Experimental Data
Authors: Sibielak Marek , Konieczny Jaroslaw , Kowal Janusz , Raczka Waldemar , Marszalik Dorota 
Published: November 2013

Laboratory investigations of an active vehicle suspension of an in-series structure of the slow-active type are presented in this paper. The multidimensional model is reduced to a case representing quarter car suspension. Control laws for active vibration reduction systems are usually determined based upon linear models of objects. Active suspensions are characterised by nonlinearity, connected most often with actuating systems and their energetic restrictions. This causes divergences between theoretical quality factors and those determined experimentally. The second essential problem is finding a compromise between opposed quality factors (for example, minimum power requirement and high efficiency of vibration reduction). Thanks to the use of the proper control law in the active vibration reduction system of vehicle suspension, the goal of ensuring a high level of ride comfort, good vehicle handling and incessant contact of the wheels with the road surface with a minimum power requirement may be attained. The authors, in seeking a compromise, determined classical LQR controllers for the proposed quality indicators realising the aims mentioned above. These controllers are determined for a linearised suspension model obtained from identification. Experimental characteristics are determined for all of the suspension control systems.
Evidence of lasting impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep Gulf of Mexico coral community
Authors: Hsing Pen-Yuan , Fu Bo , Larcom Elizabeth A. , Berlet Samantha P. , Shank Timothy M. , Govindarajan Annette F. , Lukasiewicz Alexandra J. , Dixon Philip M. , Fisher Charles R. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A coral community 11 km southwest of the site of the Deepwater Horizon blowout at 1,370 m water depth was discovered 3.5 months after the well was capped on 3 November 2010. Gorgonian corals at the site were partially covered by a brown flocculent material (floc) that contained hydrocarbons fingerprinted to the oil spill. Here we quantify the visible changes to the corals at this site during five visits over 17 months by digitizing images of individual branches of each colony and categorizing their condition. Most of the floc visible in November 2010 was absent from the corals by the third visit in March 2011, and there was a decrease in the median proportions of the colonies showing obvious signs of impact after the first visit. During our second visit in 2010, about six weeks after the first, we documented the onset of hydroid colonization (a sign of coral deterioration) on impacted coral branches that increased over the remainder of the study. Hydroid colonization of impacted portions of coral colonies by the last visit in March 2012 correlated positively with the proportion of the colony covered by floc during the first two visits in late 2010. Similarly, apparent recovery of impacted portions of the coral by March 2012 correlated negatively with the proportion of the coral covered with floc in late 2010. A notable feature of the impact was its patchy nature, both within and among colonies, suggesting that the impacting agent was not homogeneously dispersed during initial contact with the corals. While the median level of obvious visible impact decreased over time, the onset of hydroid colonization and the probability of impacts that were not visually obvious suggest that future visits may reveal additional deterioration in the condition of these normally long-lived corals.
Clinical and radiological outcome of the cemented Contemporary acetabular component in patients < 50 years of age
Authors: Schmitz M. W. J. L. , Timmer C. , Rijnen W. H. C. , Gardeniers J. W. M. , Schreurs B. W. 
Published: November 2013

Despite the worldwide usage of the cemented Contemporary acetabular component (Stryker), no published data are available regarding its use in patients aged < 50 years. We undertook a mid- to long-term follow-up study, including all consecutive patients aged < 50 years who underwent a primary total hip replacement using the Contemporary acetabular component with the Exeter cemented stem between January 1999 and January 2006. There were 152 hips in 126 patients, 61 men and 65 women, mean age at surgery 37.6 years (16 to 49 yrs). One patient was lost to follow-up.Mean clinical follow-up of all implants was 7.6 years (0.9 to 12.0). All clinical questionnaire scores, including Harris hip score, Oxford hip score and several visual analogue scales, were found to have improved. The eight year survivorship of all acetabular components for the endpoints revision for any reason or revision for aseptic loosening was 94.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 89.2 to 97.2) and 96.4% (95% CI 91.6 to 98.5), respectively. Radiological follow-up was complete for 146 implants. The eight year survival for the endpoint radiological loosening was 93.1% (95% CI 86.2 to 96.6). Three surviving implants were considered radiologically loose but were asymptomatic. The presence of acetabular osteolysis (n = 17, 11.8%) and radiolucent lines (n = 20, 13.9%) in the 144 surviving cups indicates a need for continued observation in the second decade of follow-up in order to observe their influence on long-term survival.The clinical and radiological data resulting in a ten-year survival rate > 90% in young patients support the use of the Contemporary acetabular component in this specific patient group.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1617–25.
Enhanced recovery in total hip replacement
Authors: Ibrahim M. S. , Twaij H. , Giebaly D. E. , Nizam I. , Haddad F. S. 
Published: November 2013

The outcome after total hip replacement has improved with the development of surgical techniques, better pain management and the introduction of enhanced recovery pathways. These pathways require a multidisciplinary team to manage pre-operative education, multimodal pain control and accelerated rehabilitation. The current economic climate and restricted budgets favour brief hospitalisation while minimising costs. This has put considerable pressure on hospitals to combine excellent results, early functional recovery and shorter admissions. In this review we present an evidence-based summary of some common interventions and methods, including pre-operative patient education, pre-emptive analgesia, local infiltration analgesia, pre-operative nutrition, the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields, peri-operative rehabilitation, wound dressings, different surgical techniques, minimally invasive surgery and fast-track joint replacement units. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1587–94.
Controversies relating to the management of acromioclavicular joint dislocations
Authors: Modi C. S. , Beazley J. , Zywiel M. G. , Lawrence T. M. , Veillette C. J. H. 
Published: November 2013

The aim of this review is to address controversies in the management of dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint. Current evidence suggests that operative rather than non-operative treatment of Rockwood grade III dislocations results in better cosmetic and radiological results, similar functional outcomes and longer time off work. Early surgery results in better functional and radiological outcomes with a reduced risk of infection and loss of reduction compared with delayed surgery.Surgical options include acromioclavicular fixation, coracoclavicular fixation and coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction. Although non-controlled studies report promising results for arthroscopic coracoclavicular fixation, there are no comparative studies with open techniques to draw conclusions about the best surgical approach. Non-rigid coracoclavicular fixation with tendon graft or synthetic materials, or rigid acromioclavicular fixation with a hook plate, is preferable to fixation with coracoclavicular screws owing to significant risks of loosening and breakage.The evidence, although limited, also suggests that anatomical ligament reconstruction with autograft or certain synthetic grafts may have better outcomes than non-anatomical transfer of the coracoacromial ligament. It has been suggested that this is due to better restoration horizontal and vertical stability of the joint.Despite the large number of recently published studies, there remains a lack of high-quality evidence, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions regarding these controversial issues.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1595–1602.
Caracterização das praias de Navegantes e Itajaí (SC) em relação às características sedimentológicas e composição dos minerais leves (quartzo e feldspato)
Authors: Heidrich Caio , De Abreu José Gustavo Natorf 
Published: November 2013

This study collected sand samples at Navegantes and Itajaí beaches during all seasons of the year, and used the staining technique to determine the quartz/feldspar ratio (R(Q/F)). This parameter can be used to measure the maturity of sedimentary deposits. Samples were collected and the beach profile was measured at Gravatá, Meia-Praia, Navegantes Jetty; Atalaia, Cabeçudas and Praia Brava (3 profiles: Morcego, Salva-Vidas and Amores) at Itajaí. The staining technique was used to diferentiate between sediments that were visually similar but with different mineralogical composition. Using this technique it is possible to distinguish both due to a colored precipitate on the feldspars when exposed to a specific reagent. The results showed that dissipative beaches (Navegantes and Atalaia) were composed by thin, better selected and well rounded sediments, with a greater value of R(Q/F). Reflective (Cabeçudas) and intermediate beaches (Brava) were composed of medium sand, moderately selected and rounded, with lower values of R(Q/F). On the shoreface zone the sediment doesn’t suffer much weathering, being more coarse, not rolled, and with greater concentration of feldspars. This high concentration is due to the aquatic transport which is not predominant on the foreshore and the backshore that show aeolian transport. Higher values of R(Q/F) occurred during fall and spring, lower values during winter and summer. The staining technique proved to be an effective method for distinguishing quartz and feldspars. The amount of quartz found was much higher than feldspars, reiterating that beaches are sandy environments with mature sediments.
Motor-evacuation disturbance of the upper digestive tract as a manifestation of autonomous neuropathyin patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Leytes Yu. G. , Nevmerzhitsky V. I. , Klefortova Inna I. 
Published: November 2013

AIMS: To elucidate the prevalence of delayed gastroduodenal transit in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) compared with controls havingunaffected carbohydrate metabolism.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 159 DM1 patients and 128 ones with symptoms of dyspepsia and normal carbohydrate metabolism. The presenceof food remains in the stomach after the 12-hour fast (detected by oesophagogastroduodenoscopy) was regarded as a delay of gastroduodenal transit.
RESULTS: In a group of DM1 patients, 13.70% of the cases had endoscopically confirmed delay of food evacuation from the stomach. No signs of gastroparesiswere documented in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: Certain patients with DM1 suffer a marked impairment of gastroduodenal transit (13.7% of the cases in the present study). This disorderaffects the time of onset of carbohydrate absorption. Therefore, such patients need their mealtimes to be chosen on an individual basis.
„… das sieht ja aus wie in einer richtigen Universitätsbibliothek!“
Authors: Riethmüller Marianne 
Published: November 2013

Zusammenfassung
Nach nur zweieinhalbjähriger Bauzeit wurde der Campusstandort der Hochschul- und Landesbibliothek Fulda am 16. September 2013 in Betrieb genommen. Damit endet eine 10jährige Sanierungs- und Bautätigkeit an den beiden Standorten der Bibliothek in Fulda.
Gut ist nicht gut genug
Authors: Scheuble Robert 
Published: November 2013

Zusammenfassung
Zur Optimierung der Organisationsstruktur sowie zur Steigerung der Angebots- und Dienstleistungsqualität implementierte die Bibliothek der Pädagogischen Hochschule Freiburg als Mittel der Wahl ein QM-System nach DIN EN ISO 9001:2008 und ließ dieses 2013 erfolgreich durch die TÜV SÜD Management GmbH zertifizieren. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird einleitend der verwendete Qualitätsbegriff bestimmt und ein Überblick zum Einsatz von QM-Systemen in deutschen Bibliotheken gegeben. Der als Werkstattbericht konzipierte Hauptteil spannt den Bogen von den vorbereitenden Maßnahmen über den praktischen Aufbau bis hin zur Durchführung des Zertifizierungsaudits. Abschließend wird für die Bibliothek hinsichtlich Aufwand und Nutzen eine positive Bilanz gezogen.
Hyperkähler manifolds of Jacobian type
Authors: Shen Mingmin 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

In this paper we define the notion of a hyperkähler manifold
(potentially) of Jacobian type. If we view hyperkähler manifolds
as “abelian varieties”, then those of Jacobian type should be
viewed as “Jacobian varieties”. Under a minor assumption on the
polarization, we show that a very general polarized hyperkähler
fourfold F of

K

3

[
2
]

${K3^{[2]}}$

-type is not of Jacobian type. As a
potential application, we conjecture that if a cubic fourfold is
rational then its variety of lines is of Jacobian type. Under some
technical assumption, it is proved that the variety of lines on a
rational cubic fourfold is potentially of Jacobian type. We also
prove the Hodge conjecture in degree 4 for a generic F of

K

3

[
2
]

${K3^{[2]}}$

-type.
Complex between lignin and a Ti-based coupling agent
Authors: Rasmussen Jonas S. , Barsberg Søren , Felby Claus 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Durability, haptic, and optical appearance of wood are improved by coatings, which are nowadays prepared using environmentally compatible and less health-damaging materials. However, contemporary wood coatings have frequently a shortened service life compared to their traditional predecessors. New coating formulations would have a better performance if the adhesion to wood could be improved. In the present work, the chemical interaction between a titanium-based coupling agent, isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate (titanium agent, TA) and lignin has been studied by means of attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in combination with first principle predictions based on the density functional theory (DFT). In the infrared spectra, a new band at 1586 cm-1 was identified and the DFT predictions confirmed that the new band is because of the covalent bonds in the form of ether linkages between TA and lignin.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Genetics of FSH action: a 2014-and-beyond view
Authors: Simoni Manuela , Casarini Livio 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the pharmacogenetic potential of FSH for infertility treatment.DesignReview of the literature and genomic databases.MethodsSingle-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assessed: rs6166 (c.2039A>G, p.N680S), rs6165 (c.919A>G, p.T307A), rs1394205 (c.−29G>A) inFSHR, and rs10835638 (c.−211G>T) inFSHB. Literature search via PubMed. Blast analysis of genomic information available in the NCBI nucleotide database. Comparison of allele frequency and haplotype distribution using thehttp://spsmart.cesga.estool.ResultsAll these SNPs appear first inHomo, result in reduced FSH action, and are present with variable frequencies and combinations worldwide. Stringent clinical studies demonstrate that theFSHRgenotype influences serum FSH levels and gonadal response in both sexes. Serum FSH levels depend on the −211G>T SNP, influencing transcriptional activity of theFSHBpromoter. Genotypes reducing FSH action are overrepresented in infertile subjects.ConclusionsAlthough the clinical relevance of theFSHRpolymorphisms alone is limited, the combination ofFSHRandFSHBgenotypes has a much stronger impact than either one alone in both sexes. About 20% of people are carriers of the alleles associated with lower serum FSH levels/reduced FSHR expression or activity, possibly less favorable for reproduction. Prospective studies need to investigate whether stratification of infertile patients according to theirFSHR–FSHBgenotypes improves clinical efficacy of FSH treatment compared with the current, naïve approach. A relative enrichment of less favorableFSHR–FSHBgenotypes may be related to changes in human reproductive strategies and be a marker of some health-related advantage at the cost of reduced fertility.
Growth-promoting effects of a seaweed concentrate at various pH and water hardness conditions
Authors: Arthur Georgina D. , Aremu Adeyemi O. , Moyo Mack , Stirk Wendy A. , Van Staden Johannes 
Published: November 2013

Kelpak® – a liquid seaweed concentrate made from the kelp Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) Papenfuss – is used as a natural biostimulant to promote rooting and improve yield in crops. Plant–soil environmental conditions and the chemistry of water used for irrigation may affect the efficiency of Kelpak. The effect of pH (pH 4.5, 6.5 and 8.5) and water hardness (200 mg/L and 400 mg/L Ca2+) on the growth-promoting ability of Kelpak was assessed using the mungbean rooting bioassay and in a pot trial with Swiss chard. Kelpak promoted rooting in all the treatments in the mungbean bioassay with maximum rooting generally achieved with 20% Kelpak. With 20% Kelpak, the addition of 200 mg/L and 400 mg/L Ca2+ decreased rooting at pH 4.5, increased rooting at pH 6.5 and did not affect rooting at pH 8.5. A similar trend was observed in the pot trial with Swiss chard: leaf and root (fresh weight) and pigment content (chl a, chl b and carotenoids) improved with the addition of 200 mg/L Ca2+ + 5% Kelpak at pH 6.5 or pH 8.5, while Kelpak was able to partially mask the negative effect of 200 mg/L Ca2+ at pH 4.5. These results suggest that while Kelpak is most effective in neutral pHs, it can be used to promote plant growth in a wide range of pH and water hardness conditions.