bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollution Analysis of New Synthetic Biodegradable Fluid During Durab Ility Test of Hydrostatic Pump
Authors: Tulík Juraj , Kosiba Ján , Stančík Bohuslav , Štulajter Ivan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper deals with the pollution evaluation of a biodegradable fluid, which was used as a working medium during the laboratory durability test of a hydrostatic pump. There was used a new synthetic biodegradable fluid MOL Farm UTTO Synt., developed and produced by MOL Group, Hungary. The fluid should have been practically used as a universal, common gear-hydraulic filling in agricultural machines. During the test, the pollution of used fluid was evaluated on the basis of cleanliness code, filtration of solid particles and ferrography. Based on results of cleanliness code, we could monitor the course of hydrostatic pump wear. After test completion, the fluid was subjected to filtration of solid particles and ferrography, where clusters of small particles and larger particles were detected. On the basis of their surface and shape, they were included in particles of adhesive wear. By the comparison method it was found that they are bronze particles located in the bearings of the hydrostatic pump used.
Social Preferences of Translocated Giraffes (Giraffa Camelopardalis Giraffa) in Senegal: Evidence for Friendship Among Females?
Authors: Malyjurkova Lenka , Hejzlarova Marketa , Vymyslicka Pavla Junkova , Brandlova Karolina 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Giraffe social behaviour and relationships are currently in the period of scientific renaissance, changing the former ideas of nonexisting social bonds into understanding of complex social structures of giraffe herds. Different giraffe subspecies have been studied in the wild and only one was subject of detailed study in captivity. Our study focused on the neglected Cape giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa). We investigated the social preferences of 28 introduced giraffes in semi-captivity in Bandia reserve, Senegal. Our aim was to assess the group size of Cape giraffes outside their native range and describe their social relationships. Mean group size in Bandia was 7.22 ± 4.06 (range 2-17). The dyads were classified according to strength of relationship (weak, medium, strong) using the association index. We reported weak and medium relationships in all types of dyads except female-juvenile. The strongest bond was found in mother-calf dyads. Three of 21 possible female dyads also demonstrated strong relationships. Those three dyads included six of seven adult females, which we labelled as friends. Females associated more frequently with calves of their friends then with calves of non-friend females. The strength of the relationship between calves depended on the strength of relationship between their mothers. We concluded that Cape giraffes in new environment have shown similar group size and nonrandom preference for conspecifics as shown in wild and captive studies. The research was supported by CIGA 20135010, CIGA 2134217, IGA FTZ 20135123, ESF/MŠMT CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0040.
Colchicum cupanii guss. subsp. glossophyllum (heldr.) rouy, datura innoxia mill. and eclipta prostrata (l.) l., new floristic records in Montenegro and western Balkan
Authors: Caković Danka , Stešević Danijela , Vuksanović Snežana , Tan Kit 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
During field investigations on Long Ulcinj Beach, Montenegrin coast, three taxa new to Montenegrin flora were collected: Colchicum cupanii Guss. subsp. glossophyllum (Heldr.) Rouy, Datura innoxia Mill. and Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. The first species is native to Europe, while the others are alien. Colchicum cupanii subsp. glossophyllum is an endemic of the Balkan Peninsula, with a distribution formerly restricted to Greece and Albania, so this new record extends its distribution to the north-west. The distribution of Eclipta prostrata in the Balkans is also enlarged by this new record for Montenegro, in a westerly direction.
Phenotyping of rice in salt stress environment using high-throughput infrared imaging
Authors: Siddiqui Zamin S. , Cho Jung-Il , Park Sung-Han , Kwon Taek-Ryoun , Lee Gang-Seob , Jeong Mi-Jeong , Kim Kyung-Whan , Lee Seong-Kon , Park Soo-Chul 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Phenotyping of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Donggin) in salt stress environment using infrared imaging was conducted. Results were correlated with the most frequently used physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance, relative water content and photosynthetic parameters. It was observed that stomatal conductance (R2 = -0.618) and relative water content (R2 = -0.852) were significantly negatively correlated with average plant temperature (thermal images), while dark-adapted quantum yield (Fv/Fm, R2 = -0.325) and performance index (R2 = -0.315) were not consistent with plant temperature. Advantages of infrared thermography and utilization of this technology for the selection of stress tolerance physiotypes are discussed in detail.
Spread of Schmallenberg virus infections in the ruminants in Poland between 2012 and 2013
Authors: Larska Magdalena , Kęsik-Maliszewska Julia , Kuta Aleksandra 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) specific antibodies in ruminants from 13 Polish provinces, sampled between January 2010 and August 2013. A total number of 1813 serum samples from cattle, sheep, goats, mouflon, wild and farmed cervids, and European bison were tested by ELISA for viral nucleoprotein antibodies. First SBV seropositive animals were identified in August 2012 (1.6%), and the percentage increased gradually, reaching 57.1% in December of this year. The proportion of seropositive animals in 2013 at the level of 34.2% increased tenfold in comparison to 2012 (3.4%), which was particularly significant at the level of individual provinces. In 2013, the highest percentages of SBV seropositive animals were found in Dolnoslaskie (92.3%), Podlaskie (82.3%), and Zachodniopomorskie (80.9%) provinces. Significant associations between the seroprevalence and province of origin, month, ruminant species, and insect vector activity were found, while no dependence of animal age on seropositivity was observed. The differences between SBV seropositive large and small ruminants suggested the involvement of some vector exposure factors, which needs to be further investigated.
Cooperation of agents in complex systems based on supervision
Authors: Čapkovič František 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Complex systems consist of many cooperating devices. To have a transparent view on the system structure, as well as on the structural interconnections and cooperation of the subsystems, it is useful to synthesize the complex systems systematically in a prescribed order, even in analytical terms (if possible). The supervision of the subsystems seems to be a very suitable approach to accomplish these demands, and consequently it makes the complex systems diagnostics easier. The substantial agents (i.e., the agents of material nature − e.g., devices like particular production lines, robots, numerically controlled machines, etc.) can be coordinated and forced to cooperation by means of efficiently synthesized supervisors. The cooperation process has the character of DES (Discrete-Event Systems), because any system (including continuous systems), has minimally two discrete states - idle and working. DES control theory can be successfully utilized in supervisor synthesis. There are several approaches to modeling the agents and the process of supervisor synthesis. The Petri net-based approach is one of them. Place/Transition Petri Nets (P/T PN) are used here for modeling the behaviour of particular agents, as well as in the computational parocess used for the supervisor synthesis. Two main methods of the P/T PN-based supervision will be used, namely (i) the supervision based on the place invariants (P-invariants) of P/T PN, utilizing only the state vector during the supervisor synthesis, and (ii) the extended supervision utilizing not only the state vector, but also the control vector and Parikh’s vector. The efficiency of the proposed approach is illustrated in a case study.
Programming learning style diagnosis scheme using pso-based fuzzy knowledge fusion
Authors: Gou Jin , Chen Meizhen , Luo Wei , Hou Feng 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Different students have different learning styles, which are corresponding to their performances and make them behave differently in the learning process. Discovering the learning style of the students can help the development of teaching plans the students would accept more likely. It is a pity that few people dedicate to programming the learning style diagnosis. In view of the learning style, which is always closely linked with the learning performance, the programming learning behavior is introduced to programme the learning style diagnosis. This paper identifies the learning style of programming students in the learning process through their behavior preferences. To make the diagnosis more accurate, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced. The experiments invite junior students, senior students, graduate students and teachers of the College of Computer Science and Technology in the authors’ university to fill out questionnaires as data. The experimental results show that PSO provides a great contribution.
Intelligent methods for process control and diagnostics of a mill fan system
Authors: Doukovska Lyubka A. , Vassileva Svetla I. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The intelligent methods for process control and diagnostics of the mill fan system is an established field of scientific and applied investigations. In the present paper several types of process control approaches with different structures are considered. In order to choose the most efficient one, comparative analysis is carried out. The mill fans are a basic element of the dust-preparing systems of steam generators with direct breathing of the coal dust in the furnace chamber. Such generators in Bulgaria are the ones in Maritsa East 2 Thermal Power Plant, in Maritsa East 3 Thermal Power Plant and also in Bobov Dol Thermal Power Plant. The subject of this research is a device from Maritsa East 2 Thermal Power Plant. This is the largest thermal power plant on the Balkan Peninsula. Standard statistical and probabilistic (Bayesian) approaches for diagnostics are inapplicable to estimate the mill fan technical state due to non-stationarity, non-ergodicity and the significant noise level. The possibility to predict eventual damages or wearing out without switching off the device is significant for providing faultless and reliable work, avoiding the losses caused by planned maintenance.
The Study Effect of Nitrogen, Azotobacter Spp. and Azospirillum Spp. on Phenological and Morphological Traits of Durum Wheat Cultivars in Dehloran Region, Iran
Authors: Aazadi M.S. , Siyadat S.A. , Mehdi Poor Syahbidi M. , Younesi E. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
This experiment was carried out in the form of factorial split in the model random complete block design in three replicates. In this design three kinds of durum wheat including Yavarous, Karkheh, Seimareh were planted in the main plots and three levels of 40, 80 and 120 kg net nitrogen in hectare which it had been provided from source of urea and three levels of bio fertilizer including Azotobacter spp. and Azospirillum spp. and without using bio fertilizer (control) as factorial were cultivated in secondary plots. Before cultivation, amount of seeds which it must be mixed with together Azospirillum spp. and Azotobacter spp. bacteria’s, it was mixed together water and sugar with 2% density of wet and in proportion of 2 kg in 100 kg seeds were mixed with seeds. The irrigation of blocks was separately done for preventing from mixture of bacteria. This research will have a new asped for/in order to effect of biological fertilizers in replacement with/to fertilizers and it hasn't demonstrate its comparison on durum wheat in the region by now. Finally, with interpretation of results obtained from this research defined that positive effect of biological fertilizers on growth that before they have verified about plants, also, they are true about grains such as wheat. So, considering the obtained results from this research, it is seemed that application of suitable biological fertilizers can be effective in increase of function, improvement of growing traits of wheat and decrease nitrogen fertilizer.
Response of Leaf Area Index, Vegetative and Reproductive Phases of Two Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Cultivars at Different Regimes of Irrigation Scheduling
Authors: Ali A. , Khalik T. , Ahmad A. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different regimes of irrigation schedule on various vegetative and reproductive stages of cotton crop. The results showed that irrigation effect was non significant for number of plants m-2, while I4 treatment produced maximum number of monopodial branches 2.18, but statistically it was at par with I3, I5. I4 treatment showed maximum number of sympodial branches (20.43), followed by I3 (18.63). F.H-900 showed statistically higher sympodial branches (18.34) than the F.H-901 (17.08). Maximum number of flowers per plant was formed in the I4 treatment (101.00), followed by I3 (96.31) and 15 (92.23). Significantly higher number of flowers and boll drops was recorded in treatment I1, followed by I2. Flowers and boll drop per plant decrease with increase in irrigations applied to crop. Minimum number of flowers (60.45) and bolls (16.98) dropped per plant were in I4 and 13 (65.0 and 22.72, respectively).
Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis in Advanced Lines of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.) for Yield Components
Authors: Ul-Hasan Ejaz , Mustafa H.S.B. , Bibi Tahira , Mahmood T. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
The present research was carried out to determine the best selection criteria for yield improvement in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Nine genotypes of Brassica napus were sown at Oilseeds Research Institute, Faisalabad, during the years 2011- 2012, to evaluate the means and components of variability (genotypic and phenotypic), heritability (h2 B.S), correlation (genotypic and phenotypic) and path analysis for yield and various yield components. At phenotypic and genotypic level, seed yield/plant had significant positive correlation with plant height, seeds/plant and siliqua/plant. A positive and highly significant genetic relationship was found between plant height and seeds/plant, siliqua length and seeds/siliqua, days to maturity and 1000 seed weight, days to flowering and seeds/plant, days to maturity and seeds/plant. Path coefficient revealed that the seeds/siliqua, 1000 seed weight, days to flowering, days to maturity and seeds/plant had direct positive contribution towards seed yield per plant. For rapeseed breeding seed per plant was the variable with maximum potential of selection for seed yield improvement because this trait possessed high h2 B.S, highly significant positive correlation and maximum positive direct effects with yield
Effects of Water Stress and Potassium on Quantity Traits of Two Varieties of Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata L.)
Authors: Fooladivanda Z. , Hassanzadehdelouei M. , Zarifinia N. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Water stress is known as the major threat to reduced growth and yield of plants in arid and semi-arid regions. Potassium is one of the indicators of plant responses to water stress. To evaluate the impact of water stress and levels of potassium on yield and yield components of two varieties of mung bean (Vigna radiata) (promising lines VC6172 and Indian), an experiment in the form of split factorial, based on randomized complete block design with three replicates was conducted in 2011, at the research farm of Safi-Abad Dezfool, Iran (latitude 32°16’ N, longitude 48°26’ E and altitude 82.9 m above sea level) .Water stress in three levels: irrigation at 120 (no stress), 180 (moderate stress) and 240 (severe stress) mm evaporation from pan, were allocated to the main plots and potassium fertilizer at three levels (0, 90, 180 kg /ha) and two varieties of mung bean (promising line VC6172 and Indian) were allotted to the sub-plots. Results showed that water stress and potassium fertilizer significantly affect all traits. The highest grain yield (2093 kg /ha) was obtained from no stress treatment in the case of 180 kg /ha potassium. Total dry matter, number of pods and grain yield, were significantly different between the two varieties. The interaction between fertilizer and variety, on dry matter and grain yield and the interaction between irrigation and variety, on dry matter were significant. We conclude that use of potassium fertilizer can reduce the adverse effects of water stress.
On the Commutativity of a Certain Class of Toeplitz Operators
Authors: Louhichi Issam , Randriamahaleo Fanilo , Zakariasy Lova 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOne of the major goals in the theory of Toeplitz operators on the Bergman space over the unit disk D in the complex place C is to completely describe the commutant of a given Toeplitz operator, that is, the set of all Toeplitz operators that commute with it. Here we shall study the commutants of a certain class of quasihomogeneous Toeplitz operators defined on the harmonic Bergman space.
Eulerian Three-Phase Flow Model Applied to Trickle-Bed Reactors
Authors: Burghardt Andrzej 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The majority of publications and monographs present investigations which concern exclusively twophase flows and particulary dispersed flows. However, in the chemical and petrochemical industries as well as in refineries or bioengineering, besides the apparatuses of two-phase flows there is an extremely broad region of three-phase systems, where the third phase constitutes the catalyst in form of solid particles (Duduković et al., 2002; Martinez et al., 1999) in either fixed bed or slurry reactors. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop macroscopic, averaged balances of mass, momentum and energy for systems with three-phase flow. Local instantaneous conservation equations are derived, which constitute the basis of the method applied, and are averaged by means of Euler’s volumetric averaging procedure. In order to obtain the final balance equations which define the averaged variables of the system, the weighted averaging connected with Reynolds decomposition is used. The derived conservation equations of the trickle-bed reactor (mass, momentum and energy balance) and especially the interphase effects appearing in these equations are discussed in detail.
A Study on Polymer Particle Flow in a Disk Zone of a Screw-Disk Extruder
Authors: Rydzkowski Tomasz , Michalska-Pożoga Iwona 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the summary of research on polymer melt particle motion trajectories in a disc zone of a screw-disk extruder. We analysed two models of its structure, different in levels of taken simplifications. The analysis includes computer simulations of material particle flow and results of experimental tests to determine the properties of the resultant extrudate. Analysis of the results shows that the motion of melt in the disk zone of a screw-disk extruder is a superposition of pressure and dragged streams. The observed trajectories of polymer particles and relations of mechanical properties and elongation of the molecular chain proved the presence of a stretching effect on polymer molecular chains.
Introducing good money: legal tender problem or question of structured approach?
Authors: Omercevic Edo 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to theoretically analyse the issues concerning the introduction of alternative moneys. A brief performance evaluation of the current monetary system, as well as two alternatives, namely gold and a private currency, i.e. the Swiss WIR, is followed by a historical look at the relationship between legal tender laws and Gresham’s Law. The significance of legal tender laws in introducing alternative moneys is questioned and the focus is shifted to the political and ideological problems. It is pointed out that a professional and structured approach needs to be adopted to successfully introduce monetary substitutes. The derived conclusion is that legal tender laws are not the major factor hindering the introduction of alternative moneys, but that a range of legal, economic and political factors require a dedicated and professional approach to enable the private sector to work on better exchange mechanisms.
COI gene geographic variation of Gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and a TaqMan PCR diagnostic assay
Authors: Qian Lu , An Yulin , Song Junxian , Xu Mei , Ye Jianlin , Wu Cuiping , Li Bin , Hao Dejun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGypsy moth, an important forest/urban pest worldwide, is separated into the European and Asian subspecies, and has important quarantine significance. Diagnostic technique that can accurately and quickly distinguish subspecies is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate genetic difference between the subspecies, and subsequently to develop a reliable and high throughput molecular based diagnostic tool for distinguishing the subspecies. COI genes of 25 gypsy moth samples from China, Russia, Mongolia, Japan and the United States were sequenced. DNASTAR analysis revealed that gypsy moth COI gene was 1531bp long. The UPGM phylogenetic tree constructed based on the COI gene indicated that European subspecies (U.S. population) and Asian subspecies were distinctively divided into two branches. Japanese populations had a far distantly relationship with other Asian populations forming a separate branch. There was a single base substitution (base transformation only) at 14 consistent locations between Asian and American populations, but 13 of them coded the same amino acid. A MGB proper and TaqMan assay was designed base on the base substitution at 406th bp that coded a different amino acid. This allele typing assay took only 4 hours and could accurately distinguish gypsy moth subspecies of Europe and Asia. The study enriches the knowledge basis of genetic differentiation of gypsy moth subspecies. And more importantly the TaqMan assay is the first report of such diagnostic tool that could deliver rapid and accurate results and suitable for routine quarantine inspections to distinguish Asian and European gypsy moth subspecies. This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Science and technology supporting project: 2012BAK11B03; International cooperation project: 2009DFA31950) and Jiangsu Entry and Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau (2014KJ45).
DNA Barcoding of Red Sea Fishes from Saudi Arabia – The first approach
Authors: Trivedi Subrata , Affan Raafat , A Alessa Abdulrahman Hirab , A Ansari Abid , Dhar Bishal , Mahadani Pradosh , K Ghosh Sankar 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDNA barcoding is a worldwide initiative. Although there is a campaign to barcode all fishes, there is no information on the DNA barcoding of Red Sea fishes. With the aim of strengthening the BOLD/barcode database with the sequences of Red sea fishes this preliminary study was conducted with six different fish species collected from coastal waters of Tabuk in Saudi Arabia. Among the six fish samples collected from the same sampling site, two sequences were novel. So, it is necessary to carry out large scale sampling covering a bigger area of Red Sea because there is high possibility to detect new/cryptic species from the unexplored biodiversity rich Red Sea.