bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Martin-Luc Archambault
Authors: Auger Claudine 
Published: October 2015

Autodidacte, crack de techno et visionnaire, le « dragon » Martin-Luc Archambault s’est toujours fié à ses intuitions avec assurance, devançant même l’industrie des technologies de l’information, secteur en effervescence s’il en est un, pour devenir millionnaire à 25 ans. Dix ans plus tard, le PDG et fondateur de SPOTR a lancé et soutenu financièrement plus d’entreprises qu’il cumule de printemps.
Petit guide d’influence à l’usage des entreprises
Authors: Facal Joseph 
Published: October 2015

Acteur incontournable du jeu économique, l’État peut s’affirmer comme client (ou concurrent) de l’entreprise, arbitre entre les entreprises ou acteur sur la scène du commerce international. Autant de raisons de ne pas négliger un partenaire d’une telle envergure ! Mais quelle stratégie convient-il d’adopter pour collaborer efficacement avec le gouvernement ?
A Robust Thin-Film Wafer-Level Packaging Approach for MEMS Devices
Authors: Seetharaman Krishnan , van Velzen Bart , van Wingerden Johannes , van Zadelhoff Hans , Yuan Cadmus , Rietveld Frank , Tak Coen , van Beek Joost , Magnée Peter H.C. , Beijerinck Herman C.W. 
Published: October 2015

Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices are extremely sensitive to their environment, especially at the wafer level, until they are packaged in final form. The harsh back-end (BE) operations that the MEMS devices have to endure include dicing, pick-and-place, wire bonding, and molding. During these processing steps, the MEMS device is exposed to particles and contaminants. Therefore, protection at an early stage is a fundamental requirement.
We describe a silicon nitride thin-film capping, which is processed using a sacrificial layer technique only with front-end technology. This approach is suitable for mass production of MEMS devices, owing to the fact that it is more cost-effective when compared to other approaches such as wafer-to-wafer bonding and die-to-wafer bonding.
A bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator that finds application in the radio frequency (RF) front end, for example, in cell phones, is taken as a MEMS vehicle for our work. It is an example of an extremely sensitive MEMS device, because the resonance frequency shifts significantly when additional mass is accidentally deposited on its surface. The thickness of the silicon nitride capping that is required to withstand all the BE steps, in particular transfer molding, is estimated using simple analytical calculations and finite element model (FEM) simulations. The pressure acting on the thin film capping and the thermal load during molding are included in the FEM model. Using this, the minimum thickness required for the capping is determined. We prove that a BAW resonator capped with silicon nitride at the wafer level can be wafer-thinned, diced, wire bonded, and molded without major degradation in performance.
Aerosol Jet Printing of Two Component Thick Film Resistors on LTCC
Authors: Swiecinski K. , Ihle M. , Jurk R. , Dietzen E. , Partsch U. , Eberstein M. 
Published: October 2015

Aerosol jet printing is a rather new technology for the deposition of thick film structures offering high line and space resolution. This method offers high potential for miniaturization for thick film structures. The advantages of this technology could be shown with inks carrying a single solid powder (e.g., silver, platinum, ceramic, or glass powder). One of the challenges in printing solid powder mixtures is the differences in the aerodynamic properties of different powders. Those differences result in changes of the mixing ratio within the aerosol jet and therefore poor reproducibility in the finished film.
In this work, thick film resistors consisting of RuO2 with particle size &lt;1 μm as the conducting phase and different glass powders with particle size around 1 μm as the isolating phase were investigated. One glass had a density rather close to RuO2, the other glass significantly lower. Inks were made from RuO2/glass powder mixtures, a solvent, and organic additives. After manufacturing, the inks are printed on LTCC and the microstructures of the dried and the fired films were visualized by FIB preparation and SEM. The resistances as well as the temperature coefficients of the resistors were measured and compared with resistor films with an identical solid composition manufactured by conventional screen printing. The results of the obtained resistors are presented and discussed in terms of powder properties, ink dispersion, and printing parameters.
Urgenda: een typisch gevalletje rechter, wetgever of politiek?
Authors: van Gestel R.A.J. 
Published: October 2015

Urgenda: een typisch gevalletje rechter, wetgever of politiek?
Het vonnis van de Haagse rechtbank in de zaak Urgenda tegen de Staat der Nederlanden heeft wereldwijd de aandacht getrokken. Het bevel van de rechter aan de Staat om meer te doen om de uitstoot van broeikasgassen met 25 procent ten opzichte van 1990 te verminderen heeft zowel lof als kritiek geoogst in de (internationale) media en literatuur. Milieuorganisaties loven de durf van de rechtbank om de Staat via het onrechtmatigedaadsrecht te houden aan internationaal overeengekomen CO2-reductiedoelstellingen. Staatsrechtgeleerden hekelen het vonnis daarentegen omdat de rechter te activistisch zou hebben geopereerd, te veel op de stoel van de wetgever en de politiek zou zijn gaan zitten en onvoldoende rekening houdt met de beleidsvrijheid van de Staat. De vraag is echter of deze kritiek niet uitgaat van een te eenzijdige lezing van het vonnis en van verouderde denkbeelden over de rol van de rechter binnen de trias politica.
Proceedings: Using Stem Cell Therapies to Reestablish Osteogenic Capability for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Littman Neil , Abo Arie 
Published: October 2015

Summary

The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) has invested approximately $70 million in programs targeting various orthopedic indications, including osteoporosis, bone fracture healing, vertebral compression fractures, and several others. The present article serves to outline the current state of CIRM's more advanced programs, comparing and contrasting them with the current standard of care and several other novel approaches under development.

Significance
This report describes CIRM bone programs that are in contrast to current cell therapy approaches. These projects aim to enhance stem cell activity for bone regeneration.
Interaction of Wnt pathway related variants with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhou Jian-Bo , Yang Jin-Kui , Zhang Bao-Hong , Lu Jing 
Published: October 2015

Aims.Epistasis from gene set based on the function-related genes may confer to the susceptibility of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The Wnt pathway has been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of T2D. Here we applied tag SNPs to explore the association between epistasis among genes from Wnt and T2D in the Han Chinese population.Methods.Variants of fourteen genes selected from Wnt pathways were performed to analyze epistasis. Gene–gene interactions in case-control samples were identified by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method. We performed a case-controlled association analysis on a total of 1,026 individual with T2D and 1,157 controls via tag SNPs in Wnt pathway.Results.In single-locus analysis, SNPs in four genes were significantly associated with T2D adjusted for multiple testing (rs7903146Cin TCF7L2,p= 3.21∗10−3, OR = 1.39, 95% CI [1.31–1.47], rs12904944GinSMAD3,p= 2.51∗10−3, OR = 1.39, 95% CI [1.31–1.47], rs2273368CinWNT2B,p= 4.46∗10−3, OR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.11–1.32], rs6902123CinPPARD,p= 1.14∗10−2, OR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.32–1.48]). The haplotype TGC constructed byTCF7L2(rs7903146),DKK1(rs2241529) andBTRC(rs4436485) showed a significant association with T2D (OR = 0.750, 95% CI [0.579–0.972],P= 0.03). For epistasis analysis, the optimized combination was the two locus model ofWNT2Brs2273368 andTCF7L2rs7903146, which had the maximum cross-validation consistency. This was 9 out of 10 for the sign test at 0.0107 level. The best combination increased the risk of T2D by 1.47 times (95% CI [1.13–1.91],p= 0.0039).Conclusions.Epistasis betweenTCF7L2andWNT2Bis associated with the susceptibility of T2D in a Han Chinese population. Our results were compatible with the idea of the complex nature of T2D that would have been missed using conventional tools.
Ion acceleration and reflection on magnetotail antidipolarization fronts
Authors: Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Pan Dong‐Xiao , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Liu Jiang , Runov Andrei , Li Shan‐Shan , Li Jia‐Zheng , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Fu Sui‐Yan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAntidipolarization fronts (ADFs), tailward moving structures in the Earth's magnetotail with sharp decreases in their magnetic Bz component, are thought to be mirror images of earthward propagating dipolarization fronts (DFs) generated on the opposite side of the reconnection site. We use ARTEMIS (Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun) observations and numerical simulations to study the role of ADFs in accelerating and reflecting ambient plasma sheet ions. In both case and statistical observations before ADF arrival, tailward streaming, energy‐dispersed ions are seen first. After about 1 min, the ion fluxes are enhanced significantly with the peak shifted duskward, and then the peak gradually shifts back to the tailward direction until the ADF arrives. All these signatures are reproduced by our simulation model of ion acceleration and reflection on ADFs. We further examine typical ion trajectories before and after ADF reflection, to understand these seemingly complicated ion signatures as well as their similarities with and differences from the DF preceding signatures.
Vegetation controls on surface heat flux partitioning, and land‐atmosphere coupling
Authors: Williams Ian N. , Torn Margaret S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe provide observational evidence that land‐atmosphere coupling is underestimated by a conventional metric defined by the correlation between soil moisture and surface evaporative fraction (latent heat flux normalized by the sum of sensible and latent heat flux). Land‐atmosphere coupling is 3 times stronger when using leaf area index as a correlate of evaporative fraction instead of soil moisture, in the Southern Great Plains. The role of vegetation was confirmed using adjacent flux measurement sites having identical atmospheric forcing but different vegetation phenology. Transpiration makes the relationship between evaporative fraction and soil moisture nonlinear and gives the appearance of weak coupling when using linear soil moisture metrics. Regions of substantial coupling extend to semiarid and humid continental climates across the United States, in terms of correlations between vegetation metrics and evaporative fraction. The hydrological cycle is more tightly constrained by the land surface than previously inferred from soil moisture.
How the IMF By induces a By component in the closed magnetosphere and how it leads to asymmetric currents and convection patterns in the two hemispheres
Authors: Tenfjord P. , Østgaard N. , Snekvik K. , Laundal K. M. , Reistad J. P. , Haaland S. , Milan S. E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe used the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry global magnetohydrodynamics model to study the effects of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By component on the coupling between the solar wind and magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. When the IMF reconnects with the terrestrial magnetic field with IMF By≠0, flux transport is asymmetrically distributed between the two hemispheres. We describe how By is induced in the closed magnetosphere on both the dayside and nightside and present the governing equations. The magnetosphere imposes asymmetric forces on the ionosphere, and the effects on the ionospheric flow are characterized by distorted convection cell patterns, often referred to as “banana” and “orange” cell patterns. The flux asymmetrically added to the lobes results in a nonuniform induced By in the closed magnetosphere. By including the dynamics of the system, we introduce a mechanism that predicts asymmetric Birkeland currents at conjugate foot points. Asymmetric Birkeland currents are created as a consequence of y directed tension contained in the return flow. Associated with these currents, we expect fast localized ionospheric azimuthal flows present in one hemisphere but not necessarily in the other. We also present current density measurements from Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment that are consistent with this picture. We argue that the induced By produces asymmetrical Birkeland currents as a consequence of asymmetric stress balance between the hemispheres. Such an asymmetry will also lead to asymmetrical foot points and asymmetries in the azimuthal flow in the ionosphere. These phenomena should therefore be treated in a unified way.
Stochastic excitation of seismic waves by a hurricane
Authors: Tanimoto Toshiro , Valovcin Anne 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe investigate how a tropical cyclone (Hurricane Isaac in 2012) generated seismic ground motions using seismic and barometric data from the Earthscope network. In the frequency band 0.01–0.02 Hz, seismic and surface pressure amplitudes show a systematic decreasing trend with distance from the center of the hurricane. However, the decreasing rate is much higher for seismic waves than for pressure. We develop a stochastic theory of seismic wave excitation by surface pressure that connects these two observed data sets; surface pressure is the excitation source, and seismic data are the resulting seismic wave field. This theory contains two parameters: (i) the pressure power spectral density (Sp) and (ii) the correlation length in the pressure field (L). Using the formula, we solve for the spatial variation of correlation lengths. The solution shows that longer correlation lengths in pressure are near the hurricane center. Because seismic wave excitation is proportional to L2Sp, the excitation for seismic waves becomes effectively more localized closer to the center. Also, the scaling relation between L and Sp leads to an excitation source which is approximately proportional to the third power of surface pressure. This centralized source for seismic wave excitation explains why the decreasing rate with distance is higher for seismic data than for barometric data. However, this spatial coherence mechanism may not be the only process, as strong turbulence near the center may cause transient bursts of pressure and also induce higher temporal correlation. These alternative mechanisms need to be carefully analyzed in the future.
The mid‐IR Absorption Cross Sections of α‐ and β‐NAT (HNO3 · 3H2O) in the range 170 to 185 K and of metastable NAD (HNO3 · 2H2O) in the range 172 to 182 K
Authors: Iannarelli R. , Rossi M. J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGrowth and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption in transmission of the title nitric acid hydrates have been performed in a stirred flow reactor (SFR) under tight control of the H2O and HNO3 deposition conditions affording a closed mass balance of the binary mixture. The gas and condensed phases have been simultaneously monitored using residual gas mass spectrometry and FTIR absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Barrierless nucleation of the metastable phases of both α‐NAT (nitric acid trihydrate) and NAD (nitric acid dihydrate) has been observed when HNO3 was admitted to the SFR in the presence of a macroscopic thin film of pure H2O ice of typically 1 µm thickness. The stable β‐NAT phase was spontaneously formed from the precursor α‐NAT phase through irreversible thermal rearrangement beginning at 185 K. This facile growth scheme of nitric acid hydrates requires the presence of H2O ice at thicknesses in excess of approximately hundred nanometers. Absolute absorption cross sections in the mid‐IR spectral range (700–4000 cm−1) of all three title compounds have been obtained after spectral subtraction of excess pure ice at temperatures characteristic of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. Prominent IR absorption frequencies correspond to the antisymmetric nitrate stretch vibration (ν3(NO3−)) in the range 1300 to 1420 cm−1 and the bands of hydrated protons in the range 1670 to 1850 cm−1 in addition to the antisymmetric O–H stretch vibration of bound H2O in the range 3380 to 3430 cm−1 for NAT.
The detectability of climate engineering
Authors: Bürger Gerd , Cubasch Ulrich 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe assess the detection and attribution (D&A) of climate engineering (CE) as a function of their duration after initiation. We employ “surrogate” climates where observations are mimicked by simulations. Unlike classical, stationary D&A, the null hypothesis for this analysis is the nonstationary gradual warming caused by continued greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing, which creates a number of theoretical and technical complications. Adapting D&A to this nonstationary setting requires several ad hoc assumptions whose validity is analyzed and discussed. We study the stratospheric sulfur injection scenarios G3 and G4 of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project. For G3, which smoothly balances global warming with a corresponding cooling, the effect is smaller initially and harder to detect. Temperature and precipitation signals are detectable about a decade after commencing CE and attributable a few years later (details depending on model and scenario). The G4 scenario consists of a continuous injection of 5 Tg SO2 (roughly one fourth of the Pinatubo eruption per year), which represents a shock‐like forcing that is easier and earlier detectable, just after a few years. Later into the century, uncertainty in GHG sensitivity increasingly dominates the background noise, hampering G4 detection. Spatiotemporal CE fingerprints produce more stable D&A results, with smoother dependence on time. Spatial resolution (within the range of a few spherical harmonics) is less relevant. We argue that especially for early detectability, climate predictions (with proper initialization from observations) are more promising. Many details depend on the choice of climate model for observation and fingerprint. We discuss the potential and limitation of using multimodel ensembles.
Sensitivity of burned area in Europe to climate change, atmospheric CO2 levels, and demography: A comparison of two fire‐vegetation models
Authors: Wu Minchao , Knorr Wolfgang , Thonicke Kirsten , Schurgers Guy , Camia Andrea , Arneth Almut 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGlobal environmental changes and human activity influence wildland fires worldwide, but the relative importance of the individual factors varies regionally and their interplay can be difficult to disentangle. Here we evaluate projected future changes in burned area at the European and sub‐European scale, and we investigate uncertainties in the relative importance of the determining factors. We simulated future burned area with LPJ‐GUESS‐SIMFIRE, a patch‐dynamic global vegetation model with a semiempirical fire model, and LPJmL‐SPITFIRE, a dynamic global vegetation model with a process‐based fire model. Applying a range of future projections that combine different scenarios for climate changes, enhanced CO2 concentrations, and population growth, we investigated the individual and combined effects of these drivers on the total area and regions affected by fire in the 21st century. The two models differed notably with respect to the dominating drivers and underlying processes. Fire‐vegetation interactions and socioeconomic effects emerged as important uncertainties for future burned area in some European regions. Burned area of eastern Europe increased in both models, pointing at an emerging new fire‐prone region that should gain further attention for future fire management.
Organocopper‐Triggered Cyclisation of Conjugated Diene‐ynes: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Indenes
Authors: Arif Tanzeel , Borie Cyril , Tintaru Aura , Naubron Jean‐Valère , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Bertrand Michèle P. , Nechab Malek 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOrganocopper reagents react with readily available chiral conjugated diene‐ynes to give indene derivatives bearing two stereogenic centres. The investigation of this original reaction in optically pure series demonstrates that a double transfer of chirality is operating. A stereocontrolled cascade involving SN2′ followed by carbocupration and conjugate addition reactions accounts for the total recovery of the initial chirality. The scope and limitations of the reaction were investigated. The high diastereofacial discrimination in the cyclisation step allowed the construction of the quaternary stereocentre with excellent dr and ee, with the opposite configuration depending on the E‐ or Z‐configuration of the alkene in the starting material. Post‐functionalisation of indenes allowed the synthesis of indanyl derivatives containing four contiguous stereocentres.magnified image
Reversible Dimerization of Phosphine‐Stabilized Silylenes by Silylene Insertion into SiII–H and SiII–Cl σ‐Bonds at Room Temperature
Authors: Rodriguez Ricardo , Contie Yohan , Mao Yanli , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Baceiredo Antoine , Branchadell Vicenç , Kato Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractContrary to the classical silylene dimerization leading to a disilene structure, phosphine stabilized hydro‐ and chloro‐silylenes (2 a,b) undergo an unique dimerization via silylene insertion into SiX σ‐bonds (X=H, Cl), which is reversible at room temperature. DFT calculations indicate that the insertion reaction proceeds in one step in a concerted manner.
In‐situ‐Bildung von (BN)2‐Pyrenen und elektrolumineszierenden Elementen im Festkörper
Authors: Wang Suning , Yang Deng‐Tao , Lu Jiasheng , Shimogawa Hiroyuki , Gong Shaolong , Wang Xiang , Mellerup Soren K. , Wakamiya Atsushi , Chang Yi‐Lu , Yang Chuluo , Lu Zheng‐Hong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNeuartige BN‐heterocyclische Verbindungen reagieren in einer doppelten Aren‐Photoeliminierung unter Bildung gelb fluoreszierender BN‐Pyrene mit zwei B‐N‐Einheiten. Bemerkenswert hierbei ist, dass die doppelte Aren‐Eliminierung auch durch elektrisch erzeugte Exzitonen in elektrolumineszierenden (EL) Bauelementen gesteuert werden kann. Dies ermöglicht die In‐situ‐Umwandlung von BN‐Heterocyclen in BN‐Pyrene im Festkörper und damit die Verwendung von BN‐Pyrenen als Emitter in EL‐Bauelementen. Dieses Phänomen der exzitongesteuerten Eliminierung (EDE) in situ wurde auch für weitere BN‐Heterocylen beobachtet.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Transnitrilation of Aryl Boronic Acids with Dimethylmalononitrile
Authors: Malapit Christian A. , Reeves Jonathan T. , Busacca Carl A. , Howell Amy R. , Senanayake Chris H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn efficient transnitrilation of aryl boronic acids with dimethylmalononitrile (DMMN) is described. This rhodium‐catalyzed electrophilic cyanation presents a novel approach to prepare aryl nitriles by using a carbon‐bound cyanating reagent which undergoes cross‐coupling with the aryl boronic acid. The reaction expands the degree of functional‐group compatibility exhibited by the transnitrilation of aryl Grignard and aryllithium reagents. A variety of aryl boronic acid derivatives and dialkylmalononitriles were amenable to the transnitrilation.