bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The persistence of toxic online messages influences perceptions of harm and attributions of blame
Authors: Monge Charles K , Matthews Nicholas L , DeAndrea David C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Researchers often use attribution theory to understand how people make sense of messages. Unlike the ephemeral actions typically investigated using attribution frameworks, messages can persist. Our study observed how persistence influences the harmfulness of messages and how people levy blame upon harmful posters and those ostensibly obligated and capable of intervening. Grounded in the path model of blame, a randomized experiment (N = 520) tested whether persistence cues in an online environment (low vs high message persistence) influenced appraisals of the harmfulness of online toxicity (i.e., sexism on Reddit), inferences of mental states for relevant agents (e.g., awareness, capacity), attributions of blame, and motives to respond. Results indicated that greater persistence increased perceived harmfulness and motivated individuals to place greater blame upon inactive/ineffective moderators who were capable of intervening.
The nuts and bolts of recombination in the generation of SARS-CoV-2 variants; from XA to XBB
Authors: Karim Bardia , Barary Mohammad , Fereydouni Zahra , Sanjari Elaheh , Hosseinzadeh Rezvan , Salehi-Vaziri Mostafa , Maleki Ali 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), new variants with enhanced transmissibility and pathogenicity have surfaced. The World Health Organization has designated five such variants—Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529)—as variants of concern. Each variant exhibits distinct characteristics, with many displaying a combination of point mutations and insertions/deletions (indels). These genetic alterations, including mutations, recombinations, and rearrangements, contribute to the emergence of new strains that may exhibit modified phenotypes. However, identifying recombinant forms can be challenging due to their resemblance to other lineages. It is critical to monitor the evolution of new recombinant variants, particularly in light of the potential for vaccine-resistant strains and their accelerated propagation. Recombination has played a pivotal role in the development of certain SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as XA, XD, XF, XE, and XBB, among others. This report delves into the significance of recombination in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially Omicron sublineages, underscoring the necessity for continuous surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 genome to identify newly emerged recombinant variants.
Avicenna’s logics with sentence-type terms: 1. Wholly muttaṣil syllogisms
Authors: Hodges Wilfrid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study an early and neglected logical work of Avicenna from around the years AD 990–1000, known as Short Epitome in Logic. In this work Avicenna introduces a new form of hypothetical logic, based on the categorical syllogisms of Aristotle but with terms that are sentences rather than nouns. His reading of the sentences of this logic anticipates the ‘adverbs of quantification’ of David Lewis, and the design of the new logic is close to that of George Boole’s ‘theory of Secondary Propositions’.
Inverse Modeling of Heterogeneous Structures in Electron Probe Microanalysis
Authors: Richter Silvia , Achuda Gaurav , Pinard Philippe T , Claus Tamme , Torrilhon Manuel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is a powerful tool for chemical characterization of materials on a microscopic scale. However, EPMA has the drawback that its information volume has a spatial extent of some 100 nm to a few µm. With the introduction of new electron sources, i.e., Schottky Thermal Field and Cold Field Emitter, where the electron beam is focused down to a few nm, measurements can be nowadays performed on the sub-micrometer scale. The goal of the work is to reveal the chemical composition of structures smaller than the excitation volume. New strategies are presented where the acquisition is performed at different positions on the sample and as a scan across a fine structure by using one or more single beam energies. Besides the well-known Monte-Carlo simulation, a deterministic model is also used. The deterministic model is based on moment equations of the Boltzmann equation. Inverse modeling is presented for several case studies. Due to the highly complex nonlinearity of the inverse model, an ill-posed and well-posed problem is shown as well. Finally, the method is extended to reconstruct 2D structures, i.e., rectangular shaped particles, with heterogeneous composition on lateral and depth scale.
Breaking Barriers to Exercise
Authors: Otto Michael W. , Smits Jasper A. J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter tackles the challenges of keeping up with an exercise program. It introduces the concept of motivation as well as strategies to enhance motivation for regular exercise. Information is provided on strategies for setting up an exercise schedule to fit one’s lifestyle. The chapter suggests using music or audiobooks to enhance the exercise experience to make exercise time feel more special and enjoyable. It presents how to plan an exercise program by considering factors such as clothes, route, heart rate, partners, and support systems.
Initiating Your Exercise Program
Authors: Otto Michael W. , Smits Jasper A. J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of how to initiate an exercise program. It discusses how to determine the duration and intensity of exercise that would best suit a person’s specific lifestyle. The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) provides screening items for health conditions that warn against starting exercise without a physician’s approval. The chapter also presents the guidelines created by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regarding a full dose of health-giving aerobic exercise. It also covers some of the barriers to exercise, and how to overcome them, before considering how exercise logs can be helpful to keep efforts, strategies, and achievements clear.
Redshift constrain of BL Lac PKS 1424+240
Authors: Sahu Sarira , Páez-Sánchez D I , Medina-Carrillo B , Pacheco-Aké R de J , Sánchez-Colón G , Rajpoot Subhash 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
In the period between 2009 and 2015, several very high-energy (VHE $&gt; 100$ GeV) gamma-ray flaring events from the BL Lac object PKS 1424+240 were observed by the Cerenkov telescopes VERITAS and MAGIC. It had uncertain redshift (z) and using spectroscopical measurement, Paiano et al. (2017) found it to be $z=0.604$. Using four different extragalactic background light (EBL) models and the photohadronic model, nine independently observed VHE gamma-ray spectra of PKS 1424+240 are analysed and a global $\chi ^2$ fit is performed on all observations to estimate the best-fitting value for the redshift for each EBL model. Confidence levels (CL) intervals for the redshift are also estimated using all the EBL models. This method is tested by comparing our analysis with the observed value. It is shown that the photohadronic scenario provides an excellent description of all the observed spectra. It is found that the EBL model of Dominguez et al. (2011) is the one that provides the most restrictive limits on the redshift of PKS 1424+240, but in our analysis, $z=0.604$ lies within the $3\sigma$ CL interval of the EBL model of Saldana-Lopez et al. (2021).
ExoMol line lists – LX. Molecular line list for the ammonia isotopologue 15NH3
Authors: Yurchenko Sergei N , Bowesman Charles A , Brady Ryan P , Guest Elizabeth R , Kefala Kyriaki , Mitev Georgi B , Owens Alec , Perri Armando N , Pezzella Marco , Smola Oleksiy , Sokolov Andrei , Zhang Jingxin , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
A theoretical line list for $^{15}$NH$_3$ CoYuTe-15 is presented based on the empirical potential energy and ab initio dipole moments surfaces developed and used for the production of the ExoMol line list CoYuTe for $^{14}$NH$_3$. The ro-vibrational energy levels and wavefunctions are computed using the variational program trove. The line list ranges up to 10 000 cm$^{-1}$ ($\lambda \ge 1$ μm) and contains 929 795 249 transitions between 1 269 961 states with $J\le 30$. The line list should be applicable for temperatures up to $\sim$1000 K. To improve the accuracy of the line positions, a set of experimentally derived energy levels of $^{15}$NH$_3$ is produced using the marvel (Measured Active Rotation Vibration Energy Level) procedure. To this end, 37 experimental sources of the line positions of $^{15}$NH$_3$ available in the literature are collected, combined, and systematized to produce a self-consistent spectroscopic network of 21 095 $^{15}$NH$_3$ transitions covering 40 vibrational bands ranging up to 6818 cm$^{-1}$ and resulting in 2777 energy term values. These marvel energies are then used to replace the theoretical values in the CoYuTe-15 line list and also complemented by pseudo-marvel energies obtained by an isotopologue extrapolation using the previously reported marvel energies of the $^{14}$NH$_3$ parent isotopologue of ammonia. A list of 53 856 high-resolution transitions between marvel states and theoretical intensities is provided in the HITRAN format. Comparison with the recent experimental spectra of $^{15}$NH$_3$ illustrate the potential of the line list for detections and as an efficient assistant in spectroscopic assignments. The line list is available from www.exomol.com.
Coexistence of anti-KS and anti-TIF1-γ antibodies in clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis presenting with rapid progression of interstitial lung disease
Authors: Ota Yuichiro , Ohisa Toshiki , Ishii Akira , Sugiyama Mai , Kondo Yasushi , Nishikawa Ayumi , Sasaki Noriko , Yamada Chiho , Sato Shinji 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy manifesting mainly as symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and/or typical cutaneous features due to autoimmune mechanisms. Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) is a subset of DM that exhibits only the typical cutaneous features without any clinical muscle symptoms. Several autoantibodies have been found specifically in patients with polymyositis/DM, including CADM patients. The anti-KS antibody is one of a group of anti-aminoacyl transfer RNA antibodies that are mainly associated with fever, Raynaud’s phenomenon, polyarthritis, and interstitial lung disease (ILD), whereas anti-TIF1-γ antibody is frequently found in DM patients with malignancy. Here, we report a CADM patient having both anti-KS antibody and anti-TIF1-γ antibody. This patient developed an acute exacerbation of ILD and was successfully treated with high-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy together with immunosuppressive agents. Although earlier experience had indicated that the seminal characteristic of anti-KS-positive ILD was slowly developing disease onset with little or no progression over the clinical course, the present patient suffered rapidly progressive disease.
A case of vesiculobullous dermatomyositis with anti-NXP-2 antibody without malignancy
Authors: Naito Ryota , Hiwa Ryosuke , Inaba Ryuta , Murakami Kosaku , Kitoh Akihiko , Kaku Yo , Murata Teruasa , Ichimura Yuki , Okiyama Naoko , Nishino Ichizo , Shirakashi Mirei , Onizawa Hideo , Tsuji Hideaki , Kitagori Koji , Akizuki Shuji , Nakashima Ran , Onishi Akira , Tanaka Masao , Yoshifuji Hajime , Morinobu Akio 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Vesiculobullous dermatomyositis (VD) is a rare manifestation of dermatomyositis (DM) and has been suggested to be associated with malignancy. Although the myositis-specific autoantibodies are associated with distinct clinical presentations of DM, those associated with VD remain unclear. Here, we present the case of a 54-year-old man with VD who tested positive for antinuclear matrix protein 2 (NXP-2) antibodies, one of the DM-specific autoantibodies. Serological and histopathological findings did not support autoimmune blistering disease. Physical and histological findings suggested that the severe oedema in combination with the interface dermatitis of DM contributed to blister formation. Although a systemic examination was performed, no evidence of malignancy was found. Following initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, the patient showed significant improvement in both skin lesions and myositis. This case represents the first report of anti-NXP-2-positive VD without malignancy or autoimmune blistering disease. Subcutaneous oedema, a characteristic feature of anti-NXP-2-positive DM, could be related to the formation of VD.
LRPPRC and SLIRP synergize to maintain sufficient and orderly mammalian mitochondrial translation
Authors: Rubalcava-Gracia Diana , Bubb Kristina , Levander Fredrik , Burr Stephen P , August Amelie V , Chinnery Patrick F , Koolmeister Camilla , Larsson Nils-Göran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In mammals, the leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat protein (LRPPRC) and the stem-loop interacting RNA-binding protein (SLIRP) form a complex in the mitochondrial matrix that is required throughout the life cycle of most mitochondrial mRNAs. Although pathogenic mutations in the LRPPRC and SLIRP genes cause devastating human mitochondrial diseases, the in vivo function of the corresponding proteins is incompletely understood. We show here that loss of SLIRP in mice causes a decrease of complex I levels whereas other OXPHOS complexes are unaffected. We generated knock-in mice to study the in vivo interdependency of SLIRP and LRPPRC by mutating specific amino acids necessary for protein complex formation. When protein complex formation is disrupted, LRPPRC is partially degraded and SLIRP disappears. Livers from Lrpprc knock-in mice had impaired mitochondrial translation except for a marked increase in the synthesis of ATP8. Furthermore, the introduction of a heteroplasmic pathogenic mtDNA mutation (m.C5024T of the tRNAAla gene) into Slirp knockout mice causes an additive effect on mitochondrial translation leading to embryonic lethality and reduced growth of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. To summarize, we report that the LRPPRC/SLIRP protein complex is critical for maintaining normal complex I levels and that it also coordinates mitochondrial translation in a tissue-specific manner.
Nicotine Toxicity From Repeat Use of Nicotine Pouches
Authors: Kent Jessica T , Mok Garrick , Austin Emily 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Nicotine pouches have emerged as a novel way to administer concentrated nicotine and come as a white powder in flavored, microfiber pouches placed between the cheek and gums to dissolve without requiring spitting. While marketed as a safe alternative to smoking, nicotine pouches have the potential for toxic exposure to users.

Case Presentation
We present a case of a 21-year-old male with acute nicotine toxicity through repeated administration of nicotine pouches. Over the course of 12 hours, he consumed 15 extra-strength nicotine pouches (10.9 mg per pouch) as a study tool to prepare for the next-day exams. He presented to the emergency department with bizarre behavior requiring admission for persistent confusion and nausea which resolved after 24 hours.

Conclusions
This case represents the first case of acute nicotine toxicity secondary to nicotine pouch use. These pouches are emerging as a novel way to use nicotine and present a serious risk of inadvertent overdose and harm.

Implications
Nicotine pouches are emerging as a novel way to use nicotine, and second to e-cigarettes, are the most frequently used nicotine product among youth. These pouches, which lack clear warning labels, are promoted among social media forums and present a serious risk of inadvertent overdose and harm, especially among young adults. Healthcare professionals should be aware of this risk, especially from acute, repeated exposures, and should ensure the public is cautioned appropriately.
Corporate debt, repayment and maturity structure, and monetary policy transmission
Authors: Karasoy Can Hatice Gökçe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article develops a stylized New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model and explores the function of the repayment and maturity structure of corporate debt in the monetary policy transmission mechanism. The results demonstrate that following an unanticipated policy tightening, long-term floating-rate debt exacerbates the credit channel, causing a greater decline in investment and output due to the increased debt burden relative to long-term fixed rate debt. In response to the downward trajectory of the output, the central bank pursues a lower interest rate path, thereby inflation remains at a relatively elevated level. Thus, the monetary authority is less effective in stabilizing inflation in economies with long-term floating rates compared to those with fixed rates. Prolonging the maturity of floating-rate debt aggravates these effects and renders firms even more susceptible to adverse shocks.
Coupled oscillations orchestrate selective information transmission in visual cortex
Authors: Khamechian Mohammad Bagher , Daliri Mohammad Reza , Treue Stefan , Esghaei Moein 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Performing visually guided behavior involves flexible routing of sensory information towards associative areas. We hypothesize that in visual cortical areas, this routing is shaped by a gating influence of the local neuronal population on the activity of the same population's single neurons. We analyzed beta frequencies (representing local population activity), high-gamma frequencies (representative of the activity of local clusters of neurons), and the firing of single neurons in the medial temporal (MT) area of behaving rhesus monkeys. Our results show an influence of beta activity on single neurons, predictive of behavioral performance. Similarly, the temporal dependence of high-gamma on beta predicts behavioral performance. These demonstrate a unidirectional influence of network-level neural dynamics on single-neuron activity, preferentially routing relevant information. This demonstration of a local top-down influence unveils a previously unexplored perspective onto a core feature of cortical information processing: the selective transmission of sensory information to downstream areas based on behavioral relevance.
Spatial scales of COVID-19 transmission in Mexico
Authors: Klein Brennan , Hartle Harrison , Shrestha Munik , Zenteno Ana Cecilia , Barros Sierra Cordera David , Nicolás-Carlock José R , Bento Ana I , Althouse Benjamin M , Gutierrez Bernardo , Escalera-Zamudio Marina , Reyes-Sandoval Arturo , Pybus Oliver G , Vespignani Alessandro , Díaz-Quiñonez José Alberto , Scarpino Samuel V , Kraemer Moritz U G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
During outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases, internationally connected cities often experience large and early outbreaks, while rural regions follow after some delay. This hierarchical structure of disease spread is influenced primarily by the multiscale structure of human mobility. However, during the COVID-19 epidemic, public health responses typically did not take into consideration the explicit spatial structure of human mobility when designing nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). NPIs were applied primarily at national or regional scales. Here, we use weekly anonymized and aggregated human mobility data and spatially highly resolved data on COVID-19 cases at the municipality level in Mexico to investigate how behavioral changes in response to the pandemic have altered the spatial scales of transmission and interventions during its first wave (March–June 2020). We find that the epidemic dynamics in Mexico were initially driven by exports of COVID-19 cases from Mexico State and Mexico City, where early outbreaks occurred. The mobility network shifted after the implementation of interventions in late March 2020, and the mobility network communities became more disjointed while epidemics in these communities became increasingly synchronized. Our results provide dynamic insights into how to use network science and epidemiological modeling to inform the spatial scale at which interventions are most impactful in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 and infectious diseases in general.
Unveiling the molecular mechanisms of the type IX secretion system's response regulator: Structural and functional insights
Authors: Saran Anshu , Kim Hey-Min , Manning Ireland , Hancock Mark A , Schmitz Claus , Madej Mariusz , Potempa Jan , Sola Maria , Trempe Jean-François , Zhu Yongtao , Davey Mary Ellen , Zeytuni Natalie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The type IX secretion system (T9SS) is a nanomachinery utilized by bacterial pathogens to facilitate infection. The system is regulated by a signaling cascade serving as its activation switch. A pivotal member in this cascade, the response regulator protein PorX, represents a promising drug target to prevent the secretion of virulence factors. Here, we provide a comprehensive characterization of PorX both in vitro and in vivo. First, our structural studies revealed PorX harbors a unique enzymatic effector domain, which, surprisingly, shares structural similarities with the alkaline phosphatase superfamily, involved in nucleotide and lipid signaling pathways. Importantly, such pathways have not been associated with the T9SS until now. Enzymatic characterization of PorX's effector domain revealed a zinc-dependent phosphodiesterase activity, with active site dimensions suitable to accommodate a large substrate. Unlike typical response regulators that dimerize via their receiver domain upon phosphorylation, we found that zinc can also induce conformational changes and promote PorX's dimerization via an unexpected interface. These findings suggest that PorX can serve as a cellular zinc sensor, broadening our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms. Despite the strict conservation of PorX in T9SS-utilizing bacteria, we demonstrate that PorX is essential for virulence factors secretion in Porphyromonas gingivalis and affects metabolic enzymes secretion in the nonpathogenic Flavobacterium johnsoniae, but not for the secretion of gliding adhesins. Overall, this study advances our structural and functional understanding of PorX, highlighting its potential as a druggable target for intervention strategies aimed at disrupting the T9SS and mitigating virulence in pathogenic species.