bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian algorithmic mechanism design
Authors: Chawla Shuchi , Sivan Balasubramanian 
Published: November 2014

This article surveys recent work with an algorithmic flavor in Bayesian mechanism design. Bayesian mechanism design involves optimization in economic settings where the designer possesses some stochastic information about the input. Recent years have witnessed huge advances in our knowledge and understanding of algorithmic techniques for Bayesian mechanism design problems. These include, for example, revenue maximization in settings where buyers have multi-dimensional preferences, optimization of non-linear objectives such as makespan, and generic reductions from mechanism design to algorithm design. However, a number of tantalizing questions remain un-solved.
This article is meant to serve as an introduction to Bayesian mechanism design for a novice, as well as a starting point for a broader literature search for an experienced researcher.
Diabetes and Other Comorbidities in Breast Cancer Survival by Race/Ethnicity: The California Breast Cancer Survivorship Consortium (CBCSC)
Authors: Wu Anna H. , Kurian Allison W. , Kwan Marilyn L. , John Esther M. , Lu Yani , Keegan Theresa H.M. , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Cheng Iona , Shariff-Marco Salma , Caan Bette J. , Lee Valerie S. , Sullivan-Halley Jane , Tseng Chiu-Chen , Bernstein Leslie , Sposto Richard , Vigen Cheryl 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background: The role of comorbidities in survival of patients with breast cancer has not been well studied, particularly in non-white populations.
Methods: We investigated the association of specific comorbidities with mortality in a multiethnic cohort of 8,952 breast cancer cases within the California Breast Cancer Survivorship Consortium (CBCSC), which pooled questionnaire and cancer registry data from five California-based studies. In total, 2,187 deaths (1,122 from breast cancer) were observed through December 31, 2010. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall and breast cancer–specific mortality associated with previous cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure (HBP), and myocardial infarction.
Results: Risk of breast cancer–specific mortality increased among breast cancer cases with a history of diabetes (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.18–1.87) or myocardial infarction (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.27–2.97). Risk patterns were similar across race/ethnicity (non-Latina white, Latina, African American, and Asian American), body size, menopausal status, and stage at diagnosis. In subgroup analyses, risk of breast cancer–specific mortality was significantly elevated among cases with diabetes who received neither radiotherapy nor chemotherapy (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.32–3.36); no increased risk was observed among those who received both treatments (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.70–1.84; Pinteraction = 0.03). A similar pattern was found for myocardial infarction by radiotherapy and chemotherapy (Pinteraction = 0.09).
Conclusion: These results may inform future treatment guidelines for patients with breast cancer with a history of diabetes or myocardial infarction.
Impact: Given the growing number of breast cancer survivors worldwide, we need to better understand how comorbidities may adversely affect treatment decisions and ultimately outcome. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(2); 361–8. ©2014 AACR.
Persistence of CTL Clones Targeting Melanocyte Differentiation Antigens Was Insufficient to Mediate Significant Melanoma Regression in Humans
Authors: Chandran Smita S. , Paria Biman C. , Srivastava Abhishek K. , Rothermel Luke D. , Stephens Daniel J. , Dudley Mark E. , Somerville Robert , Wunderlich John R. , Sherry Richard M. , Yang James C. , Rosenberg Steven A. , Kammula Udai S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPurpose: Adoptive transfer of autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate durable cancer regression in selected patients with metastatic melanoma. However, the tumor antigens associated with these favorable responses remain unclear. We hypothesized that a clinical strategy involving the iterative adoptive transfer of selected autologous antigen-specific T-cell clones could help systematically define immunologic targets associated with successful cancer therapy, without the interpretative ambiguity of transferring polyclonal populations. Here, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of CD8+ T-cell clones specific for the melanocyte differentiation antigens (MDA), gp100 and MART-1, respectively.Experimental Design: We conducted two consecutive phase II clinical trials involving the adoptive transfer of highly selected autologous antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell clones against gp100 and MART-1, respectively. Fifteen patients with HLA-A2+ treatment-refractory metastatic melanoma received highly avid MDA-specific CD8+ T-cell clones specific for either gp100 (n = 10) or MART-1 (n = 5) with or without intravenous interleukin-2 (IL2) after a lymphodepleting myeloablative preparative regimen.Results: Of the 15 treated patients, we observed immune-mediated targeting of skin melanocytes in 11 patients (73%) and clonal engraftment in eight patients (53%) after cell transfer. There were only transient minor tumor regressions observed, but no objective tumor responses based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) criteria.Conclusions: Despite successful clonal repopulation and evidence of in vivo antigen targeting, the poor therapeutic efficacy after the adoptive transfer of autologous MDA-specific T cells raises significant concerns regarding future immunotherapy efforts targeting this class of tumor antigens. Clin Cancer Res; 21(3); 534–43. ©2014 AACR.
Educating "Good Citizenship" through Bilingual Children Literature Arabic and Hebrew
Authors: Zamir Sara , Baratz Lea 
Published: November 2014

The aim of the research has been to evaluate the contribution of the genre of bilingual literature, Arabic and Hebrew, to citizenship education. Since the Israeli society is a multicultural society comprised of both nations, Arabs and Jews who live in conflicted environment, one must regard those textbooks as civic agents. Literature is a socialization agent and as such it is an active influential factor in children's mental environment. The responsible citizens act responsibly in their community. They obey rules and regulation, acts kindly to his surroundings and occasionally donates out of their own resources. The participatory citizen actually participates in the social life of the community, at local, state and national levels by joining established systems. The justice citizen calls for attention to matters of injustice and to the importance of pursuing social goals. The content analysis procedure, revealed that most theÂ stories, hence, ten out theÂ thirteenÂ dealÂ with theÂ two elevated typesÂ of citizenship,Â namely,Â the participatory citizen and the justice citizen.Â InspireÂ ofÂ theÂ factÂ Â thatÂ weÂ areÂ dealing withÂ children's literature, theÂ authorsÂ ofÂ bilingualÂ children literature do not belittle the capacity ofÂ children toÂ graspÂ their roleÂ as citizens in multiculturalÂ society.
Strategic Leadership and Its Application in Egyptian Universities
Authors: R. Alalfy Hany 
Published: November 2014

Today's universities operate in a climate of great change, along with increased responsibilities and accountability from Internal and external customers. This has resulted in calls for a new kind of leadership working to help the university to improve educational services and face more challenges, called strategic leadership, at the university level. Aim of study defining of Egyptian leadership universities pattern of modern leadership styles, named as Strategic leadership (concept, objectives, roles, requirements, and application obstacles). Relate to the suffering of the Egyptian universities of many problems that limit their efficiency and effectiveness. This led to the need to search for new approaches as strategic leadership for eliminate of these problems. The study used a descriptive approach for its suitability for the nature of the study. The study found multiple reasons for the application of strategic leadership style in Egyptian universities as a result of the problems the leaderships of the Egyptian universities suffer from which limits its efficiency and effectiveness. Study recommended starting applying this pattern quickly after all the positive results it achieved in many universities.
Metabolic Efficiency Promotes Protection From Pressure Overload in Hearts Expressing Slow Skeletal Troponin I
Authors: Carley Andrew N. , Taglieri Domenico M. , Bi Jian , Solaro R. John , Lewandowski E. Douglas 
Published: November 2014

Background—
The failing heart displays increased glycolytic flux that is not matched by a commensurate increase in glucose oxidation. This mismatch induces increased anaplerotic flux and inefficient glucose metabolism. We previously found adult transgenic mouse hearts expressing the fetal troponin I isoform, (ssTnI) to be protected from ischemia by increased glycolysis. In this study, we investigated the metabolic response of adult mouse hearts expressing ssTnI to chronic pressure overload.

Methods and Results—

At 2 to 3 months of age, ssTnI mice or their nontransgenic littermates underwent aortic constriction (TAC). TAC induced a 25% increase in nontransgenic heart size but only a 7% increase in ssTnI hearts (
P
<0.05). Nontransgenic TAC developed diastolic dysfunction (65% increase in E/A ratio), whereas the E/A ratio actually decreased in ssTnI TAC. Isolated perfused hearts from nontransgenic TAC mice showed reduced cardiac function and reduced creatine phosphate:ATP (16% reduction), but ssTnI TAC hearts maintained cardiac function and energy charge. Contrasting nontransgenic TAC, ssTnI TAC significantly increased glucose oxidation at the expense of palmitate oxidation, preventing the increase in anaplerosis observed in nontransgenic TAC hearts. Elevated glucose oxidation was mediated by a reduction in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression, enabling pyruvate dehydrogenase to compete against anaplerotic enzymes for pyruvate carboxylation.

Conclusions—
Expression of a single fetal myofilament protein into adulthood in the ssTnI-transgenic mouse heart induced downregulation of the gene expression response for pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase to pressure overload. The consequence of elevated pyruvate oxidation in ssTnI during TAC reduced anaplerotic flux, ameliorating inefficiencies in glucose oxidation, with energetic and functional protection against cardiac decompensation.
Experimental Sleep Restriction Causes Endothelial Dysfunction in Healthy Humans
Authors: Calvin Andrew D. , Covassin Naima , Kremers Walter K. , Adachi Taro , Macedo Paula , Albuquerque Felipe N. , Bukartyk Jan , Davison Diane E. , Levine James A. , Singh Prachi , Wang Shihan , Somers Virend K. 
Published: November 2014

Background
Epidemiologic evidence suggests a link between short sleep duration and cardiovascular risk, although the nature of any relationship and mechanisms remain unclear. Short sleep duration has also been linked to an increase in cardiovascular events. Endothelial dysfunction has itself been implicated as a mediator of heightened cardiovascular risk. We sought to determine the effect of 8 days/8 nights of partial sleep restriction on endothelial function in healthy humans.

Methods and Results

Sixteen healthy volunteers underwent a randomized study of usual sleep versus sleep restriction of two‐thirds normal sleep time for 8 days/8 nights in a hospital‐based clinical research unit. The main outcome was endothelial function measured by flow‐mediated brachial artery vasodilatation (
FMD
). Those randomized to sleep restriction slept 5.1 hours/night during the experimental period compared with 6.9 hours/night in the control group. Sleep restriction was associated with significant impairment in
FMD
(8.6±4.6% during the initial pre‐randomization acclimation phase versus 5.2±3.4% during the randomized experimental phase,
P
=0.01) whereas no change was seen in the control group (5.0±3.0 during the acclimation phase versus 6.73±2.9% during the experimental phase,
P
=0.10) for a between‐groups difference of −4.40% (95%
CI
−7.00 to −1.81%,
P
=0.003). No change was seen in non‐flow mediated vasodilatation (
NFMD
) in either group.

Conclusion
In healthy individuals, moderate sleep restriction causes endothelial dysfunction.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
: ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier:
NCT
01334788.
Early Outcomes After Carotid Artery Stenting Compared With Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Choi Jay Chol , Johnston S. Claiborne , Kim Anthony S. 
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose—
Despite the absence of definitive data from randomized clinical trials on the comparative effectiveness of carotid artery stenting (CAS) versus carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for asymptomatic carotid stenosis, the use of CAS has been expanding and seems to be displacing the use of CEA in some parts of the United States.

Methods—
We used comprehensive hospital discharge data from January 2010 to December 2012 to identify patients who had CEA or CAS for asymptomatic carotid stenosis at all academic medical centers that participate in the University HealthSystem Consortium. In-hospital death and postoperative stroke after CAS and after CEA were compared using multivariable logistic regression, propensity score matching, and a grouped-treatment approach using multilevel mixed-effects models to adjust for baseline characteristics of patients selected for these procedures.

Results—

We identified 17 716 patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis treated with CEA and 3962 treated with CAS at 186 University HealthSystem Consortium hospitals. Postoperative stroke or in-hospital death was more frequent after CAS (4.0% versus 1.5%;
P
<0.001), and patients with CAS were more likely to have these adverse outcomes even after adjusting for baseline characteristics using multivariable analysis (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1–3.1;
P
<0.001) and propensity score matching (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.9–3.4;
P
<0.001). In a multilevel mixed-effects model, hospitals that performed a higher proportion of all carotid revascularization cases using CAS had significantly higher rates of adverse outcomes (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.8–7.6;
P
<0.001) after adjusting for patient-level variables.

Conclusions—
For asymptomatic carotid stenosis, CAS is associated with a substantially higher risk of postoperative stroke or in-hospital death than CEA even after adjustment for baseline differences in hospital and patient characteristics.
Did Mencius know the Analects?
Authors: Hunter Michael 
Published: November 2014

This article questions the widely held assumption that the received Mengzi (Mencius) was composed by an author or authors familiar with the Lunyu (Analects). After reviewing the history of the association between Kongzi (Confucius) and Mengzi and between the Lunyu and Mengzi, it summarizes the case against the traditional dating of the Lunyu to argue for a reevaluation of the “Lunyu→Mengzi nexus.” It then analyzes Lunyu parallels in the Mengzi to show that those parallels do not establish the Mengzi authors’ familiarity with a Lunyu text. The next section on the dating of the Mengzi examines early Mengzi quotations to suggest that the text may not have been fixed until the Eastern Han period, in which case some Lunyu parallels in the Mengzi might reflect a Han milieu. A final section considers the implications of a Mengzi→Lunyu nexus for the study of early Chinese thought. Cet article met en question l’opinion extrêmement répandue selon laquelle le texte reçu du Mengzi (Mencius) aurait été composé par un ou plusieurs auteurs familiers du Lunyu (Analectes). Après avoir passé en revue l’histoire de l’association entre Kongzi (Con­fu­cius) et Mengzi et entre le Lunyu et le Mengzi, l’auteur récapitule les arguments allant à ­l’encontre de la datation traditionnelle du Lunyu et argumente en faveur d’une réévaluation de la “connexion Lunyu→Mengzi”. Il analyse ensuite les parallèles avec le Lunyu dans le Mengzi et montre que ceux-ci ne prouvent pas que les auteurs du Mengzi aient été au fait d’une quelconque version du Lunyu. La section suivante, sur la datation du Mengzi, s’intéresse aux citations anciennes du Mengzi et suggère que le texte n’a pu être fixé avant la période des Han Orientaux, auquel cas certains parallèles avec le Lunyu dans le Mengzi pourraient refléter un contexte Han. La section finale examine les implications de la connexion Lunyu→Mengzi pour l’étude de la pensée chinoise ancienne.
The Finance of Imperial Munificence: How Simple Quantitative Work Can Help Us Rethink High-Qing History
Authors: Dunstan Helen 
Published: November 2014

This article takes the management of provincial finance during the years (1746–1748) of the Qianlong emperor’s first universal tax remission as a window through which to peer inquisitively at the fiscal system of the high-Qing era. How did that system work at provincial level, and how can we use the copious statistical data in archival sources to address questions that are hard to answer precisely because of that system’s routine operating procedures? This article moves from a naive question – how did provincial governments cope when the Qianlong emperor munificently cancelled their staple source of income for a year? – to a re-examination of the Chinese realm’s strategic geography, a methodology for measuring the fiscal health of individual provinces, and a demonstration of the organizational competence of the high-Qing Board of Revenue. Dans cet article, la gestion des finances provinciales pendant les années de la première exemption fiscale universelle (1746–1748) accordée par l’empereur Qianlong ouvre une fenêtre à travers laquelle il devient possible d’observer de près le système fiscal à l’apogée des Qing. Comment ce système fonctionnait-il au niveau des provinces, et comment peut-on mettre à contribution l’abondance de données statistiques fournie par les archives pour aborder des questions auxquelles il est difficile de répondre de façon précise en raison des procédures habituelles de gestion? Partant d’une question naïve – comment les gouvernements provinciaux s’en sortaient-ils lorsque l’empereur dans sa grande générosité supprimait leur principal source de revenu pendant une année entière ? –, l’article réexamine la géographie stratégique de l’empire, propose une méthodologie pour évaluer la santé fiscale des différentes provinces et met en évidence la compétence organisationnelle du ministère des Finances à l’époque.
Digital Activism
Authors: Car Viktorija 
Published: November 2014

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, technological innovations and the development of digital media have brought about new possibilities for media content providers and, because of their interactivity, for the users as well. The advent of the internet age, Web 2.0 technology, and the ubiquity of cell phones have imparted high expectations that new media technologies will systematically enhance civic engagement and further develop national and global political cultures.
This paper focuses on how citizens in Croatia are taking the opportunities offered by new media for civil and political activism. Digital platforms are used more and more frequently for activism in Croatian civil society, especially Facebook – the number one digital tool activists use to spread information or invite members to events. It happened first in late April 2008, when third-year high school students, unified on a national level via Facebook, organized protests against the ‘national school-leaving examination’ that they had to take the year after. The protest was successful, and the Minister of Science and Education postponed the examination for another year. Since then, a number of different digital activities of civil engagement have been organized in Croatia, but the success of the first one has yet to be repeated.
The conclusion of this paper is that digital activism in Croatia is not well developed yet. There are only a small number of activists who use digital media regularly and strategically for their actions, and they are usually found amongst the smaller, urban minority, as these opportunities for digital mobilization have not yet reached mainstream society. Usually, it is the same few groups that support different types of action, and use digital media for a variety of social and political goals.
Public and Private Rulings in Jewish Law (Halakhah): Flexibility, Concealment, and Feminist Jurisprudence
Authors: Irshai Ronit 
Published: November 2014

Jewish law includes two parallel systems of halakhic ruling: public and private. There is often a significant gap between what halakhic authorities proclaim publicly and what they are willing to say, on the same topic, in private.
The ability to deviate from the original ruling in order to solve concrete problems answers one of the central demands of feminist critics of the law. It enables flexibility and creativity on the part of the decisor and avoids the characteristic pitfalls of the generalized nature of the law, which, according to feminist critics, affect primarily women. On the face of it, halakhah works in this flexible mode. However, the selective concealment mechanism built into the halakhic system prevents this benefit from being felt, primarily by disadvantaged populations. In its absence Jewish law may be capable, at least in principle, of instituting a halakhic model which responds to inherent problems within the two parallel systems of halakhah as well as to feminist sensibilities.
Predicting Small-Scale, Short-Lived Downbursts: Case Study with the NWP Limited-Area ALARO Model for the Pukkelpop Thunderstorm
Authors: De Meutter Pieter , Gerard Luc , Smet Geert , Hamid Karim , Hamdi Rafiq , Degrauwe Daan , Termonia Piet 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The authors consider a thunderstorm event in 2011 during a music festival in Belgium that produced a short-lived downburst of a diameter of less than 100 m. This is far too small to be resolved by the kilometric resolutions of today’s operational numerical weather prediction models. Operational forecast models will not run at hectometric resolutions in the foreseeable future. The storm caused five casualties and raised strong societal questions regarding the predictability of such a traumatic weather event.
In this paper it is investigated whether the downdrafts of a parameterization scheme of deep convection can be used as proxies for the unresolved downbursts. To this end the operational model ALARO [a version of the Action de Recherche Petite Echelle Grande Echelle-Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International (ARPEGE-ALADIN) operational limited area model with a revised and modular structure of the physical parameterizations] of the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium is used. While the model in its operational configuration at the time of the event did not give a clear hint of a downburst event, it has been found that (i) the use of unsaturated downdrafts and (ii) some adaptations of the features of this downdraft parameterization scheme, specifically the sensitivity to the entrainment and friction, can make the downdrafts sensitive enough to the surrounding resolved-scale conditions to make them useful as indicators of the possibility of such downbursts.