bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flagella interact with ionic plant lipids to mediate adherence of pathogenic Escherichia coli to fresh produce plants
Authors: Rossez Yannick , Holmes Ashleigh , Wolfson Eliza B. , Gally David L. , Mahajan Arvind , Pedersen Henriette L. , Willats William G.T. , Toth Ian K. , Holden Nicola J. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBacterial attachment to plant and animal surfaces is generally thought to constitute the initial step in colonization, requiring adherence factors such as flagella and fimbriae. We describe the molecular mechanism underpinning flagella‐mediated adherence to plant tissue for the foodborne pathogen, enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli H7 flagella interacted with a sulphated carbohydrate (carrageenan) on a glycan array, which occurred in a dose‐dependent manner. Adherence of E. coli O157 : H‐expressing flagella of serotype H7, H6 or H48 to plants associated with outbreaks from fresh produce and to Arabidopsis thaliana, was dependent on flagella interactions with phospholipids and sulpholipids in plasma membranes. Adherence of purified H7 and H48 flagella to carrageenan was reduced at higher concentrations of KH2PO4 or KCl, showing an ionic basis to the interactions. Purified H7 flagella were observed to physically interact with plasma membranes in spinach plants and in A. thaliana. The results show a specific interaction between E. coli H7, H6 and H48 flagella and ionic lipids in plant plasma membranes. The work extends our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning E. coli flagella targeting of plant hosts and suggests a generic mechanism of recognition common in eukaryotic hosts belonging to different biological kingdoms.
Local improvement of skylark and corn bunting population trends on intensive arable landscape: a case study of the conservation toolNatura 2000
Authors: Brodier S. , Augiron S. , Cornulier T. , Bretagnolle V. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFor the past 20 years, different policy and regulatory tools such as the agri‐environment schemes (AES) and theNatura 2000 network have been used inEurope to halt the ongoing decline of farmland birds resulting from agricultural intensification. Despite their wide implementation, bird populations are still declining at national andEuropean scales, thus questioning the effectiveness of these schemes. Here, we examined the impact of the designation in 2004 of aSpecialProtectionArea (SPA) for the little bustard on the local trends of two non‐targeted, common but declining farmland birds, the skylark and the corn bunting, in an intensive arable landscape of westernFrance. From 1996 to 2012, trends in skylark presence or abundance decreased whereas trends in corn bunting abundance first decreased and then showed a recovery; the trends differed between outside and inside theSPA. Outside theSPAand consistently with trends at the national andEuropean scales, skylark abundance sharply decreased whereas corn bunting abundance first decreased and then stabilized or even slightly increased. Within theSPA, the skylark declined less, and the corn bunting abundance increased at a faster rate than outside. Our results suggest that the implementation of aSPAin this arable landscape had a positive impact on these two farmland passerines, at least for corn buntings, for which the implementation ofAESclearly improved habitat. Our results also suggest that the extensive implementation ofSPAsmay have had a positive impact on bird population trends in farmlands at a regional level, wherec. 150 000 ha (15–20% of total arable landscape) have been designated since 2004. However, theSPAnetwork (withinNatura 2000) currently covers a mere 3.7% ofFrench arable landscape, and it is therefore no surprise that specialist birds in farmland are still declining nationally.
In‐Hospital Heart Rate Turbulence and Microvolt T‐Wave Alternans Abnormalities for Prediction of Early Life‐Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmia after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Arisha Mohamed Moussa , Girerd Nicolas , Chauveau Samuel , Bresson Didier , Scridon Alina , Bonnefoy Eric , Chevalier Philippe 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundIn the setting of primary prevention, most implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICD) are implanted more than 6 months after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Abnormal heart rate turbulence (HRT) and T‐wave alternans (TWA) are predictors of long‐term sudden cardiac death (SCD). We intended to assess the predictive value of HRT and TWA for early post‐AMI SCD and life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias (VA).MethodsOne hundred ninety‐nine consecutive patients with AMI were prospectively included (age 61.7 years, LV ejection fraction 45%). One hundred eighty‐three patients (92%) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. We assessed HRT using turbulence slope (TS), turbulence onset (TO), and TWA on channels 1 and 2 (TWA1 and TWA2) using the modified moving average method. Predictive performance for SCD/VA was assessed by area under the receiver operating curve characteristic (ROC‐AUC).ResultsWithin 6 months after AMI, 2 patients (1%) developed life‐threatening VA and 3 (1.5%) experienced SCD. TO and TWA1 had poor ROC‐AUC (both 0.64) whereas TS and TWA2 failed to show any predictive performance (ROC‐AUC 0.48 and 0.57, respectively). When combining TO and TWA1, ROC‐AUC increased to 0.80. Importantly, when considering the subset of patients with a LV ejection fraction ≤40%, the combined variable of TO and TWA1 remained strongly predictive of a short‐term event (ROC‐AUC 0.86).ConclusionsCombined assessment of HRT and TWA showed a high predictive performance for SCD or life‐threatening VA within 6 months after AMI. This combined Holter ECG index could be useful to identify high‐risk patients who might benefit from early ICD implantation.
Breeding Return Times and Abundance in Capture–Recapture Models
Authors: Pledger Shirley , Baker Edward , Scribner Kim 
Published: October 2013

Summary
For many long-lived animal species, individuals do not breed every year, and are often not accessible during non-breeding periods. Individuals exhibit site fidelity if they return to the same breeding colony or spawning ground when they breed. If capture and recapture is only possible at the breeding site, temporary emigration models are used to allow for only a subset of the animals being present in any given year. Most temporary emigration models require the use of the robust sampling design, and their focus is usually on probabilities of annual survival and of transition between breeding and non-breeding states. We use lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) data from a closed population where only a simple (one sample per year) sampling scheme is possible, and we also wish to estimate abundance as well as sex-specific survival and breeding return time probabilities. By adding return time parameters to the Schwarz-Arnason version of the Jolly–Seber model, we have developed a new likelihood-based model which yields plausible estimates of abundance, survival, transition and return time parameters. An important new finding from investigation of the model is the overestimation of abundance if a Jolly–Seber model is used when Markovian temporary emigration is present.
Immunophenotypic shift of CD4 and CD8 antigen expression in primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas: a clinicopathologic study of three cases
Authors: Aung Phyu Phyu , Climent Fina , Muzzafar Tariq , Curry Jonathan L. , Patel Keyur P. , Servitje Octavio , Prieto Victor G. , Duvic Madeleine , Jaffe Elaine S. , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPrimary cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with diverse clinical behavior. Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of CTCL. Immunophenotypical shift during progression of the disease is a rare event and its significance is unknown. We present three primary CTCL cases that showed an immunophenotypical shift and poor prognosis. Conventional hematoxylin/eosin and immunohistochemical‐stained sections were examined in all the cases. Molecular analysis for rearrangement of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene was performed in two cases. One case was classified as MF, while the other two lacked epidermotropism, and were considered primary cutaneous peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL), NOS. Two cases were CD3+/CD4+ and one case was CD3+/CD8+ at diagnosis. The first two patients suffered many relapses and eventually, new CTCL lesions with a CD3+/CD8+ phenotype were observed. Both cases revealed identical clonal TCR rearrangements on the initial and late lesions, supporting the interpretation of a single clonal proliferation with different phenotypes. The third case progressed with skin recurrences and pulmonary lesions with a predominant CD3+/CD4+/CD8− phenotype. All cases manifested poor prognosis and two patients died of lymphoma. Immunophenotypical shift between CD4 and CD8 in CTCL seems to be a rare phenomenon that may be associated with disease progression.
The invasion window for warmwater fish in clearwater lakes: the role of ultraviolet radiation and temperature
Authors: Tucker Andrew J. , Williamson Craig E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimIn clear, cold‐water lakes, ultraviolet radiation (UV) and temperature are two important stressors that may prevent the establishment of aquatic invasive species by inhibiting the survival of sensitive early life history stages. In this study, we develop a UV–temperature response model to predict the establishment potential of a warmwater fish, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), in a large subalpine lake based on the ability of bass larvae to tolerate UV and temperature stress along a UV–temperature stress gradient.LocationLake Tahoe (California/Nevada, USA).MethodsWe compared the UV tolerance of largemouth bass larvae to that of the native redside minnow (Richardsonius egregius) in outdoor UV exposure–response experiments. A UV–temperature response model for larval bass was developed that combined the experimentally derived UV exposure response from our outdoor experiments with a temperature response curve derived from the literature. We used the UV–temperature response model to predict reproductive success (i.e. larval survival) over the range of UV exposure and temperature conditions in nearshore Lake Tahoe. The model predictions were validated with in situ incubation experiments at nearshore locations.ResultsNon‐native bass were significantly less UV tolerant than native redside minnows. The UV–temperature response model predicted that larval bass survival varies seasonally, spatially and over depth gradients in nearshore Lake Tahoe and is constrained by UV and temperature conditions. In situ incubation experiments confirmed model predictions.Main conclusionsOur findings provide important insights into the potential for species invasion in clear, cold‐water lakes that are experiencing significant changes in both temperature and transparency. The conceptual model and approach that we employ is a potentially powerful tool for exploring unanswered questions in invasion biology, including the role of alternate stable states in facilitating invasion and the potential for invasive species to promote ‘invasional meltdown’ through their impacts on water clarity and temperature.
Autoantibodies to neuronal antigens in children with new‐onset seizures classified according to the revised ILAE organization of seizures and epilepsies
Authors: Suleiman Jehan , Wright Sukhvir , Gill Deepak , Brilot Fabienne , Waters Patrick , Peacock Ken , Procopis Peter , Nibber Anjan , Vincent Angela , Dale Russell C. , Lang Bethan 
Published: October 2013

SummaryPurposePotentially pathogenic autoantibodies are found increasingly in adults with seizure disorders, including focal seizures and those of unknown cause. In this study, we investigated a cohort of children with new‐onset seizures to see whether there were autoantibodies and the relationship to any specific seizure or epilepsy type.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 114 children (2 months to 16 years) with new‐onset seizures presenting between September 2009 and November 2011, as well as 65 controls. Patients were clinically assessed and classified according to the new International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) organization of seizures and epilepsies classification system. Sera were tested for autoantibodies to a range of antigens, blind to the clinical and classification details.Key FindingsEleven (9.7%) of 114 patients were positive for one or more autoantibodies compared to 3 of 65 controls (4.6%, p = ns). Patients had antibodies to the voltage‐gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex (n = 4), contactin‐associated protein‐like 2 (CASPR2) (n = 3), N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (n = 2), or VGKC‐complex and NMDAR (n = 2). None had antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase, contactin‐2, or to glycine, 2‐amino‐3‐(3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolyl) propionic acid (AMPA), or γ‐aminobutyric acid B receptors. Ten of these 11 patients were classified as having epilepsy according to the new ILAE organization of seizures and epilepsy. Although, there were no significant differences in the demographic and clinical features between antibody‐positive and antibody‐negative patients, the classification of “unknown cause” was higher in the antibody positive (7/10; 70%) compared with the antibody negative subjects (23/86; 26.7%; p = 0.0095, Fisher's exact test). Furthermore, four of these seven patients with epilepsy (57.1%) were classified as having predominantly focal seizures compared with 12 of the 86 antibody‐negative patients (13.9%; p = 0.015).SignificanceBecause autoantibodies were more frequent in pediatric patients with new‐onset epilepsy of “unknown cause,” often with focal epilepsy features, this group of children may benefit most from autoantibody screening and consideration of immune therapy.
A fatigue damage indicator parameter for P91 chromium‐molybdenum alloy steel and fatigue pre‐damaged P54T carbon steel
Authors: Socha G. , Dietrich L. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTTwo grades of structural steel were subjected to fully reversible, constant stress amplitude cyclic loading. The local strain response of the material was measured and recorded during the test, with the applied testing technique enabling the monitoring of hysteresis loop variation for the narrowest cross‐section of the hourglass specimen. Changes in hysteresis loop width, representing the local inelastic response of the material, were recorded in order to monitor the density of structural imperfections. Material ratcheting behaviour was observed as changes in the mean strain for selected load cycles. Ratcheting was attributed to local deformation of the material in the vicinity of imperfections such as voids or inclusions, as well as deformation induced by the propagation of microcracks. Definitions of a damage indicator parameter and damage parameter were proposed. The fatigue behaviour of the two investigated grades of steel was finally illustrated in the form of damage curves for different stress amplitudes and for undamaged and fatigue pre‐damaged material.
What factors influence older adults to discuss falls with their health‐care providers?
Authors: Lee Den‐Ching A. , Day Lesley , Hill Keith , Clemson Lindy , McDermott Fiona , Haines Terry P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify from the older adults' perspective, the factors associated with discussion about falls with their general practitioners and other health professionals and the factors associated with initiation of these discussions. We explored the content of and barriers to discussion about falls.MethodsA prospective cohort study where a baseline cross‐sectional survey was followed by a survey 1 year later. Survey domains were drawn from constructs of behavioural change models. Data from 245 older community dwellers in Victoria, Australia, in the follow‐up survey were used for this study. Survey format consisted of yes and no responses, Likert scale and open/closed‐ended responses.ResultsFew older adults talked with and initiated a talk with their health‐care providers about falls in the follow‐up period. Multiple regression showed anxiety or depression [OR = 2.78, 95% CI (1.21–6.41)], chronic medical conditions such as diabetes [OR = 2.71, 95% CI (1.19–6.17)] and having a self‐reported fall in the last 12 months [OR = 4.26, 95% CI (2.16–8.41)] were associated with discussion of falls with general practitioners. Higher perception of risk of sustaining a serious injury from falling [OR = 1.49 (1.03–2.13)] was associated with discussion about falls with other health professionals. Participants discussed various topics of falls with their health‐care providers. Different barriers to discussion about falls were identified.ConclusionHealth‐care providers should routinely discuss falls prevention with older adults. Dissemination of evidence‐based advice and followed up with referral during consultations, particularly in general practitioners could advance falls prevention practice. The results could help to develop a conceptual framework to predict the likelihood of falls discussion.
Use of forecasted assessment of quality of life to validate time‐trade‐off utilities and a prostate cancer screening decision‐analytic model
Authors: Cantor Scott B. , Deshmukh Ashish A. , Krahn Murray D. , Volk Robert J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether the forecasted assessment of how someone would feel in a future health state can be predictive of utilities (e.g. as elicited by the time‐trade‐off method) and also predictive of optimal decisions as determined by a decision‐analytic model.MethodsWe elicited time‐trade‐off utilities for prostate cancer treatment outcomes from 168 men. We also elicited forecasted assessments, that is, an informal, non‐quantitative, descriptive evaluation, of impotence and incontinence from these men. We used multivariate regression analysis to explore the relationship between forecasted assessment and reluctance to trade length for improved quality of life, that is, the unwillingness to trade length of life for improved quality of life in the time‐trade‐off utility assessment and the relationship between the forecasted assessments and the optimal decision of whether to undergo screening for prostate cancer as determined from a previously published decision‐analytic model.ResultsImportance of sexual function was strongly related to impotence utilities (P < 0.05). Based on the multivariate analysis, significant predictors for the utility of severe incontinence were family income, family history of prostate cancer, work status and attitude towards needing to wear an incontinence pad. However, no variables were statistically significant predictors for the utility of complete impotence. The importance of sexual functioning was a significant predictor of the optimal decision.ConclusionAnticipated difficulty adjusting to adverse health effects were highly related to preferences and could be used as a proxy measure of utility. Similarly, the importance of sexual functioning, a future preference, was highly related to the optimal decision, which validates our previously published decision‐analytic model.
Study Protocol of the Restore4Stroke Self-Management Study: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial in Stroke Patients and Their Partners
Authors: Tielemans Nienke S. , Visser-Meily Johanna M. A. , Schepers Vera P. M. , Post Marcel W. M. , Wade Derick T. , van Heugten Caroline M. 
Published: October 2013

Rationale Many stroke patients and their partners report long-term negative consequences of stroke on their health-related quality of life. Adequate self-management abilities may help manage the consequences of the stroke, but it is unknown what specific intervention might be effective to enhance self-management abilities of stroke patients and their partners. Aim The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a 10-week group self-management intervention addressing proactive coping strategies compared with a group education intervention in stroke patients and their partners. Design The study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial. A total of 106 stroke patients with, if applicable, their partners are randomly assigned to the self-management intervention or the education intervention within each of the 10 participating hospitals and rehabilitation centers. The main inclusion criteria are a symptomatic stroke at least six-weeks ago, living at home, and reporting at least two participation restrictions on the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation's restriction scale. Measurements are performed at baseline, immediately after intervention, three-months, and nine-months postintervention. Study outcomes Primary outcome measures are stroke patients' and partners' proactive coping competencies (Proactive Competence Inventory) and societal participation (Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation's restriction scale). Discussion If effective, the results of this study will enable stroke patients and their partners to deal better with the lasting consequences of stroke. In the context of the growing number of people returning home after stroke, a large number of people may profit from this intervention.
The Influence of Psychological Factors on Health-Related Quality of Life after Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Mierlo Maria L. , Schröder Carin , van Heugten Caroline M. , Post Marcel W. M. , de Kort Paul L. M. , Visser-Meily Johanna M. A. 
Published: October 2013

Background and purpose Many stroke patients experience problems with health-related quality of life, but much of the variance of health-related quality of life after stroke remains unexplained. Health-related quality of life may be influenced by psychological factors, as these factors reflect the way people approach situations and react to stressful situations. The aim of this study was to systematically examine the relationship between psychological factors and health-related quality of life after stroke. Summary of review A systematic literature search was conducted in online databases PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL in November 2011. A total of nine studies were included. Personality (i.e. problems of temperament and personality functions and neuroticism) was moderately negatively associated with health-related quality of life ( r = 0·26–0·49). Coping (i.e. situational and personal adaptation), internal locus of control, self-worth (i.e. self-esteem and self-efficacy), and hope and optimism were moderately positively associated with health-related quality of life ( r = 0·026–0·81). No evidence was found for an association between extraversion and health-related quality of life. Conclusions There is still a paucity of studies on psychological determinants of poststroke health-related quality of life. The reviewed studies supported the importance of psychological factors, but further research is needed to supplement the available evidence and to examine how psychological factors can be modified to improve health-related quality of life, and at what moment after the stroke these interventions should be given.