bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SAILING THROUGH THIS STORM? CAPITAL FLOWS IN ASIA DURING THE CRISIS
Authors: TILLE CÉDRIC 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe 2007–2009 crisis has led to an unprecedented collapse in international capital flows. Asian economies were, however, relatively unaffected: the contraction in their capital flows was limited to the most acute phase of the crisis in late 2008, followed by a rapid rebound. We show that this reflects both Asia's structural characteristics, such as limited reliance on international banking, and Asian specificities in the form of a limited impact of international bank exposure on capital flows. We also find evidence of a connection between the use of reserves and variations in net private capital inflows.
Trends in Financial Innovation and their Welfare Impact: an Overview
Authors: Allen Franklin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThere is evidence that financial innovations are sometimes undertaken to create complexity and exploit the purchaser. Thus financial innovation does have a dark side. As far as the financial crisis is concerned, securitisation and subprime mortgages may have exacerbated the problem. However, financial crises have occurred in a very wide range of circumstances, where these and other innovations were not important. There is evidence that financial liberalisation has been more of a problem. There are many financial innovations that have had a significant positive effect including venture capital and leveraged buyouts and innovations to fund environmental and health improvements.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphism is not associated with pemphigus vulgaris in Iranian patients
Authors: Saeedi M. , Amoli M.M. , Robati R.M. , Sayahpour F. , Namazi N. , Toossi P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground  Promoter polymorphisms of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene are associated with increased production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Elevated levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor have been observed in the sera of patients with pemphigus vulgaris. More than this, macrophage migration inhibitory factor promoter gene polymorphism has been found to confer increased risk of susceptibility to chronic inflammatory diseases.Objective  We investigated whether there is an association between promoter polymorphism of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene and pemphigus vulgaris.Methods  One hundred and six patients with pemphigus vulgaris, and a control panel of one hundred healthy volunteers were genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism identified in the 5′‐flanking region at the position −173 of the gene, using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length analysis.Results  We found a notably high prevalence of C/C genotype in our nation but no significant difference was observed between patients and controls.Conclusion  The result of this study using a large and well documented trial of patients showed that macrophage migration inhibitory factor −173G‐C polymorphism is not associated with pemphigus vulgaris; but as the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the inflammatory process has not been delineated in detail and the prevalence of C/C genotype is notably higher in our nation, this finding merits more consideration.
Severe mood problems in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Simonoff Emily , Jones Catherine R.G. , Pickles Andrew , Happé Francesca , Baird Gillian , Charman Tony 
Published: August 2012

Introduction:  Severe mood dysregulation and problems (SMP) in otherwise typically developing youth are recognized as an important mental health problem with a distinct set of clinical features, family history and neurocognitive characteristics. SMP in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have not previously been explored.Method:  We studied a longitudinal, population‐based cohort of adolescents with ASD in which we collected parent‐reported symptoms of SMP that included rage, low and labile mood and depressive thoughts. Ninety‐one adolescents with ASD provided data at age 16 years, of whom 79 had additional data from age 12. We studied whether SMP have similar correlates to those seen in typically developing youth.Results:  Severe mood problems were associated with current (parent‐rated) and earlier (parent‐ and teacher‐rated) emotional problems. The number of prior psychiatric diagnoses increased the risk of subsequent SMP. Intellectual ability and adaptive functioning did not predict to SMP. Maternal mental health problems rated at 12 and 16 years were associated with SMP. Autism severity as rated by parents was associated with SMP, but the relationship did not hold for clinician ratings of autistic symptoms or diagnosis. SMP were associated with difficulty in identifying the facial expression of surprise, but not with performance recognizing other emotions. Relationships between SMP and tests of executive function (card sort and trail making) were not significant after controlling for IQ.Conclusions:  This is the first study of the behavioural and cognitive correlates of severe mood problems in ASD. As in typically developing youth, SMP in adolescents with ASD are related to other affective symptoms and maternal mental health problems. Previously reported links to deficits in emotion recognition and cognitive flexibility were not found in the current sample. Further research is warranted using categorical and validated measures of SMP.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphisms: Taking a triallelic approach makes a difference
Authors: Vulturar Romana , Chiş Adina , Ungureanu Loredana , Miu Andrei C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIt has been recently reported in Psychophysiology that carriers of the short allele of an insertion/deletion (ins/del) functional polymorphism in the promoter region (5‐HTTLPR) of the serotonin transporter gene may display decreased resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). However, this region hosts another functionally connected single‐nucleotide polymorphism (rs25531), which should also be genotyped in order to correctly categorize the low‐ and high‐expressing alleles of 5‐HTTLPR. The present study investigated resting RSA in an ethnically homogenous sample (N = 143) of participants genotyped for both the ins/del and rs25531 polymorphisms in 5‐HTTLPR. In contrast with the biallelic genotypes, based only on the ins/del alleles, the triallelic 5‐HTTLPR genotypes (i.e., including rs25531) showed no association with resting RSA. Taking a triallelic approach to 5‐HTTLPR is thus necessary in order to avoid false positive results.
Adding insult to injury: consumer experiences of being denied credit
Authors: Jennett Charlene , Brostoff Sacha , Malheiros Miguel , Sasse M. Angela 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTo inspire confidence in consumer credit and improve outcomes for consumers, negative experiences such as being denied credit must be handled appropriately. We conducted an online survey with 298 UK citizens who had a credit application denied to gain a better understanding of their experience of being denied credit. We found that privacy issues make this experience more upsetting for consumers than necessary. When being denied credit, respondents are most concerned about (1) being denied credit ‘in public’; and (2) not being informed about the reasons why they are denied. Only 23% of our respondents knew why they had been denied; 116 (62%) believed they had been denied credit because of their credit record, but 28% had never checked it. Out of the 194 respondents who had checked their record, 38 identified errors in their credit reports, and in 14 of these cases (38%) debts that they had paid off were incorrectly listed as outstanding. Based on our findings, we propose several changes to the credit application process: (1) providing sensitive but helpful information in a private manner, e.g. a preview of their credit score before they commit a loan application; (2) credit denial notifications with information on what to do next; and (3) giving applicants more information about checking their credit report and who to contact for correcting errors.
Financial literacy and the cost of borrowing
Authors: Huston Sandra J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis research investigates the relation between financial literacy and the cost of borrowing via credit cards and mortgage loans among US consumers. This is a departure from previous studies that have focused on levels of debt in relation to human capital, either financial knowledge or education. Data from the Consumer Finance Monthly (CFM) survey are used to specifically examine the effect of financial literacy on borrowing rates for credit cards and mortgages controlling for other human capital influences. The CFM is a national survey, rich in American consumer credit information, and includes a comprehensive instrument specifically designed to measure financial literacy. Results indicate that those who are financially literate are about twice as likely to have lower costs of borrowing for both credit cards and mortgage loans.
The increasing financial obligations burden of US households: who is affected?
Authors: Hanna Sherman D. , Yuh Yoonkyung , Chatterjee Swarn 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine factors associated with changes in the proportion of households with high financial obligations ratios in the United States. The proportion of households paying more than 40% of income for debt, rent, vehicle leases, property taxes and homeowners’ insurance, which we refer to as having a heavy burden, increased from 18% in 1992 to 27% in 2007. Multivariate analysis of a combination of six Survey of Consumer Finances data sets indicates that the likelihood of having a heavy burden was positively associated with homeownership, self‐employment and retirement status. Those with an optimistic 5‐year expectation of the economy were more likely to be in a household with a heavy burden. Education was positively related to having a heavy burden, suggesting that having a heavy burden is not simply a cognitive error.
Cheek Bumper Prosthesis for a Patient with a Neurofibromatous Lesion in the Left Cheek
Authors: Mohamed Kasim , Kumar V. Anand , Padmanabhan T. V. , Deora Nitin , Mohan Suchitra 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNeurofibromatous lesions of the oral cavity affect the chewing cycle by interposition of cheek mucosa during contact of opposing teeth. In this report, an intraoral prosthesis was fabricated to restore and improve oral function and reduce the incidence of cheek biting on the neurofibromatous lesion. The prosthesis successfully reduced the incidence of cheek biting and improved the patient's oral competency. This report describes the procedure for making an intraoral cheek bumper prosthesis to improve patient oral function.
Effect of Three Anesthetic Induction Protocols on Laryngeal Motion during Laryngoscopy in Normal Cats
Authors: Nelissen Pieter , Corletto Federico , Aprea Francesco , White Richard A. S. 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesTo objectively measure and subjectively score the effect of 3 anesthetic induction protocols on arytenoid cartilage motion in normal cats.Study DesignRandomized prospective clinical study.AnimalsCats (n = 35) without previous history of respiratory dysfunction.MethodsCats were randomly assigned to administration of alfaxalone, propofol, or midazolam and ketamine to induce anesthesia after premedication with methadone. Videolaryngoscopy was performed. Still images at maximum inspiration and expiration were used to measure the area and height of the rima glottidis. Change in rima glottidis area and of normalized glottal gap area (NGGA = area/height2) was calculated. Subjective scores for arytenoid movement were obtained. Kruskal–Wallis test was performed on change of NGGA and rima glottidis area.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found between groups for age, sex, body weight, and body condition score. Percentage increase of rima glottidis area and change in NGGA were similar for all groups (P = .33 and P = .29). No significant differences were found for subjective scores between groups (P = .54). Arytenoid movement was not detected during videolaryngoscopy and subjective scoring in 3 cats anesthetized with propofol and in 3 cats anesthetized with midazolam and ketamine, despite presence of respiratory movements.ConclusionsNo difference in laryngeal motion was observed between the 3 protocols used to induce anesthesia in cats premedicated with methadone.
Synthesis of Eu3+‐Activated La2Mo2O9 Powder Phosphors by Surfactant‐Assisted Hydrothermal Approach
Authors: Shi Shikao , Gong Huili , Wu Jingjing , Luo Ming , Zhou Ji 
Published: August 2012

The red‐emitting fine La2Mo2O9:Eu3+ powder phosphors have been successfully synthesized using surfactant‐assisted hydrothermal approach. After the addition of certain amounts of surfactant (polyethylene glycol, abbreviated as PEG) into the process, both the morphology and photoluminescence property of the phosphors were improved. The powder phosphors were fine (~1 μm) and mono‐dispersive in appearance, and showed a strong red emission line at 615 nm under the excitation of blue light at 465 nm. As the molar ratio of n(PEG)/n(La+Eu) was adjusted to 1:1, the sample exhibited the optimum emission intensity, which reached about threefold in comparison with that of the identical composition sample prepared by conventional solid‐state reaction. The fine powder phosphors may be potential candidates as red‐emitting materials for white LED applications.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nb‐ and Eu‐ Co‐Substituted Nanocrystalline Anatase: EuxTi1–2xNbxO2 with Photoluminescence and Photocatalytic Activity: Compositional Dependence of Multifunctional Properties
Authors: Hirano Masanori , Sato Shingo 
Published: August 2012

Nanocrystalline titania (EuxTi1–2xNbxO2, x = 0–0.15) co‐substituted with europium (Eu) and niobium (Nb) having photoluminescence (PL) and photocatalytic activity was formed as a single phase of anatase‐type structure from the precursor solutions of TiOSO4, NbCl5, and EuCl3 under mild hydrothermal conditions using the hydrolysis of urea. The amount of Eu and Nb that can be co‐doped into a metastable anatase‐type TiO2 lattice under hydrothermal conditions was limited up to 15 mol%, respectively, above which the aeschynite EuTiNbO6 coexisted with anatase. The nanocrystalline titania can be excited by ultraviolet light 395 nm (f–f transition) and emits red light (611 nm) with line spectrum corresponding to 5D0–7F2 transition. The PL intensity increased with increased replacement amount of Eu and Nb. The anatase solid solution co‐doped with 5 mol% Eu and 5 mol% Nb (x = 0.05) showed a similar activity to pure anatase (x = 0) on the photodecomposition of methylene blue under UV light irradiation. The anatase‐to‐rutile phase transformation was delayed via the copresence of Eu and Nb component. In the course of heating and the growth of anatase crystallite, a part of the dopants that could not exist in the titania precipitated as euxenite phase EuTiNbO6 from the anatase at 900°C–1000°C before the phase transformation.
Arterial Spin Labeling Identifies Tissue Salvage and Good Clinical Recovery After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bivard Andrew , Stanwell Peter , Levi Christopher , Parsons Mark 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVEArterial spin labeling (ASL) is a relatively new MR perfusion technique that requires validation.METHODSOne hundred patients with an acute hemispheric ischemic stroke were imaged within 6 hours of symptom onset with perfusion CT (CTP), and at 24 hours with MRI perfusion imaging, including ASL and bolus dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) imaging. Baseline CTP was used to define tissue at risk. This was used to determine persistent hypoperfusion, or hyperperfusion, on 24‐hour ASL maps.RESULTSUsing 24 hour ASL, 48 of 100 patients showed hyperperfusion, and 41 showed persistent hypoperfusion. None of the PWI maps identified hyperperfusion. Compared to patients with persistent hypoperfusion on ASL, patients with hyperperfusion had less progression of acute CTP mismatch tissue to infarction at 24 hours (P= .05). ASL hyperperfusion was also associated with improved early clinical improvement: mean reduction in acute to 24 hour National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale = 12 versus 4 for ASL hypoperfusion group (P= .05), as well as 90 day modified Rankin Score (mean 2 vs. 4 for hypoperfusion group, P= .01).DISCUSSIONHyperperfusion of the initially ischemic area identified on ASL at 24 hours poststroke identifies patients with better tissue and clinical outcomes.
Trevo versus Solitaire a Head‐to‐Head Comparison Between Two Heavy Weights of Clot Retrieval
Authors: Mendonça Nuno , Flores Alan , Pagola Jorge , Rubiera Marta , Rodríguez‐Luna David , Miquel M Angels De , Cardona Pere , Quesada Helena , Mora Paloma , Alvarez‐Sabín José , Molina Carlos , Ribó Marc 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSERecent reports have indicated that mechanical thrombectomy may have potential to treat acute ischemic stroke. However, few comparative studies of neurothrombectomy devices are reported. This study aims to compare the safety and effectiveness of two retrievable stent systems in acute ischemic stroke patients.METHODSA prospective study comparing the clinical, radiological, and functional outcome of 33 patients with an angiographically verified occlusion of the anterior cerebral circulation. Patients were treated either with Trevo RetrieverTM or Solitaire StentTM according to the neurointerventionalist preference. Successful recanalization was defined as TICI grade 2a to 3. Good outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2 at 3 months.RESULTSRevascularization was achieved in 10 patients (77%) in the Trevo group and in 12 (60%) of the Solitaire group (P = .456). Rate of symptomatic ICH was 0% for Trevo versus 15% for Solitaire (P = .261). Four patients (30%) died during the 3‐month follow‐up period in the Trevo versus 5 patients (25%) in the solitaire group (P = 1.000). Rate of good outcome was 38% and 40% for Trevo and Solitaire respectively (P = .435).CONCLUSIONSOur study showed no significant differences between both stentrievers. Moderately high recanalization rates are possible with both, however larger series may depict safety‐related variations.
Changes in Cerebral Venous Sinuses Diameter After Lumbar Puncture in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Prospective MRI Study
Authors: Horev Anat , Hallevy Hen , Plakht Ygal , Shorer Zamir , Wirguin Itzhak , Shelef Ilan 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), is characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) without a clear cause. Recently it was shown that in more than 90% of the IIH patients there is stenosis of the transverse dural sinuses. In this study we assessed the changes in diameter of cerebral veins after lumbar puncture, in order to have some more insight regarding the volume and pressure influence on cerebral veins.METHODSWe prospectively included 13 patients suspected with IIH, admitted for investigation in the Soroka medical center. All the patients had a lumbar puncture (LP) with opening pressure measurement and CSF analysis, and two MRI–MRV studies: one before the LP and one after it. Measurements of the cerebral venous sinuses diameter were performed.RESULTSSignificant stenosis of both transverse sinuses was found before LP in IIH patients with an average diameter of 1.77 mm of the right TS, and 1.57 mm of the left TS. After the LP, there was a significant increase in all venous sinuses diameters (P < .05). There was no correlation between the changes in diameter of the venous sinuses after LP and opening pressure measured or BMI.CONCLUSIONSOur results support other studies and demonstrated narrowing of the transverse sinuses in IIH patients. The main finding of this study is the increase in cerebral sinuses diameter after LP. This observation should be considered when evaluating cerebral venous sinuses after LP. A larger scale study is warranted to validate our findings.
Outcomes of pregnancy in women using illegal drugs and in women who smoke cigarettes
Authors: BLACK MAIREAD , BHATTACHARYA SOHINEE , FAIRLEY TARA , CAMPBELL DORIS M. , SHETTY ASHALATHA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare obstetric outcomes in women using illegal drugs with women who smoke cigarettes.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAberdeen, UK.PopulationAll deliveries in Aberdeen in women using illegal drugs and women who smoked cigarettes during 1997–2007.Material and methodsThe women who used illegal drugs were identified from a database of affected pregnant women in Aberdeen. The Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank was used to identify women who smoke cigarettes and to obtain pregnancy outcome information. Sociodemographic characteristics, maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared using chi‐squared test, independent sample t‐test and logistic regression analysis.Main outcome measuresPreterm delivery, low birthweight (standardized birthweight score <−2) and admission to the neonatal unit.ResultsOf the 561 illegal drug users, 96% were also cigarette smokers. Compared with women who smoke cigarettes with no reported illegal drug use, they were significantly more likely to have a preterm delivery [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–2.1)], low birthweight baby [aOR 1.9 (95%CI 1.4–2.6)], baby admitted to the neonatal unit [aOR 13.3 (95%CI 10.9–16.3)], deep vein thrombosis [aOR (95%CI 8.8–50.8)] and antepartum hemorrhage [aOR (95%CI 1.2–2.1)]. They were less likely to be at the extremes of age, or to develop pregnancy‐induced hypertension [aOR 0.3 (95%CI 0.2–0.4)].ConclusionIllegal drug use in pregnancy appears to increase the risk of adverse outcomes, over and above that related to cigarette smoking, but appears to be associated with lower prevalence of gestational hypertension.
Effects of delayed compared with early umbilical cord clamping on maternal postpartum hemorrhage and cord blood gas sampling: a randomized trial
Authors: Andersson Ola , Hellström‐Westas Lena , Andersson Dan , Clausen Jesper , Domellöf Magnus 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective. To investigate the effect of delayed cord clamping (DCC) compared with early cord clamping (ECC) on maternal postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and umbilical cord blood gas sampling. Design. Secondary analysis of a parallel‐group, single‐center, randomized controlled trial. Setting. Swedish county hospital. Population. 382 term deliveries after a low‐risk pregnancy. Methods. Deliveries were randomized to DCC (≥180 seconds, n = 193) or ECC (≤10 seconds, n = 189). Maternal blood loss was estimated by the midwife. Samples for blood gas analysis were taken from one umbilical artery and the umbilical vein, from the pulsating unclamped cord in the DCC group and from the double‐clamped cord in the ECC group. Samples were classified as valid when the arterial–venous difference was −0.02 or less for pH and 0.5 kPa or more for pCO2. Main outcome measures. PPH and proportion of valid blood gas samples. Results. The differences between the DCC and ECC groups with regard to PPH (1.2%, p = 0.8) and severe PPH (−2.7%, p = 0.3) were small and non‐significant. The proportion of valid blood gas samples was similar between the DCC (67%, n = 130) and ECC (74%, n = 139) groups, with 6% (95% confidence interval: −4%−16%, p = 0.2) fewer valid samples after DCC. Conclusions. Delayed cord clamping, compared with early, did not have a significant effect on maternal postpartum hemorrhage or on the proportion of valid blood gas samples. We conclude that delayed cord clamping is a feasible method from an obstetric perspective.