bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of TSH levels within the reference range with future blood pressure and lipid concentrations: 11-year follow-up of the HUNT study
Authors: Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Bjøro Trine , Vatten Lars J 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveIn cross-sectional studies, TSH levels within the reference range have been positively associated with blood pressure and adverse serum lipid levels. In a prospective study, we aimed to determine whether differences in TSH levels within the reference range are associated with future levels of blood pressure and lipids.DesignWe conducted a prospective population-based study.MethodsIn 9709 women and 4644 men without previous thyroid disease who had a baseline TSH level of 0.45–4.5 mU/l, we studied the associations of baseline TSH levels with blood pressure and lipid levels at follow-up 11 years later.ResultsHigher TSH levels at baseline were associated with higher systolic (P=0.002 in women) and diastolic (P=0.03 in women) blood pressure, non-HDL cholesterol (P=0.01 in men) and triglyceride (P=0.008 in men) levels and lower HDL cholesterol levels (P<0.001 in women and men) at follow-up, but the associations were very modest and not consistent between the sexes. Among people who remained free of thyroid disease, changes in TSH levels during follow-up were associated with concomitant changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels (all P<0.001), with similar results being observed for women and men. Thus, blood pressure and lipid levels increased among people with an increase in TSH levels and decreased among people with a decrease in TSH levels compared with people with no change in TSH levels.ConclusionsHigh TSH levels within the reference range may be associated with modestly higher future levels of blood pressure and adverse serum lipids. TSH levels may co-vary with blood pressure and lipid levels among people with apparently normal thyroid function.
Numerical investigation of three types of space and time fractional Bloch-Torrey equations in 2D
Authors: Yu Qiang , Liu Fawang , Turner Ian , Burrage Kevin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRecently, the fractional Bloch-Torrey model has been used to study anomalous diffusion in the human brain. In this paper, we consider three types of space and time fractional Bloch-Torrey equations in two dimensions: Model-1 with the Riesz fractional derivative; Model-2 with the one-dimensional fractional Laplacian operator; and Model-3 with the two-dimensional fractional Laplacian operator.Firstly, we propose a spatially second-order accurate implicit numerical method for Model-1 whereby we discretize the Riesz fractional derivative using a fractional centered difference. We consider a finite domain where the time and space derivatives are replaced by the Caputo and the sequential Riesz fractional derivatives, respectively. Secondly, we utilize the matrix transfer technique for solving Model-2 and Model-3. Finally, some numerical results are given to show the behaviours of these three models especially on varying domain sizes with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Factors Associated With Utilization of Preoperative and Postoperative Rehabilitation Services by Patients With Amputation in the VA System: An Observational Study
Authors: Resnik Linda J. , Borgia Matthew L. 
Published: May 2013

Background
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense published evidence-based guidelines to standardize and improve rehabilitation of veterans with lower limb amputations; however, no studies have examined the guidelines' impact.

Objectives
The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe the utilization of rehabilitative services in the acute care setting by people who underwent major lower limb amputation in the VA from 2005 to 2010, (2) to identify factors associated with receipt of rehabilitation services, and (3) to examine the impact of the guidelines on service receipt.

Design
A cross-sectional study of 12,599 patients, who underwent major surgical amputation of the lower limb at a VA medical center from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010, was conducted. Data were obtained from main and surgical inpatient datasets and the inpatient encounters files of the Veterans Health Administration databases.

Methods
Rehabilitation services were categorized as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and either (any therapy), before or after amputation. Separate multivariate logistic regressions examined the impact of guideline implementation and identified factors associated with service receipt.

Results
Patients were 1.45 and 1.73 times more likely to receive preoperative physical therapy and occupational therapy and 1.68 and 1.79 times more likely to receive postoperative physical therapy and occupational therapy after guideline implementation. Patients in the Northeast had the lowest likelihood of receiving preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation services, whereas patients in the West had the highest likelihood. Other patient characteristics associated with service receipt were identified.

Limitations
The sample included only veterans who had surgeries at VA Medical Centers and cannot be generalized to veterans with surgeries outside the VA or to nonveteran patients and settings.

Conclusions
Further quality improvement efforts are needed to standardize delivery of rehabilitation services for veterans with amputations in the acute care setting.
Dissociation of vasospasm-related morbidity and outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage treated with clazosentan: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shen Jian , Pan Jian-Wei , Fan Zuo-Xu , Xiong Xiao-Xing , Zhan Ren-Ya 
Published: May 2013

Object
Clazosentan therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been found to be effective in reducing the incidence of vasospasm in randomized controlled trials. However, while vasospasm-related morbidity, including delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DINDs) and delayed cerebral infarctions, was consistently decreased, statistical significance was not demonstrated and outcomes were not affected by clazosentan treatment. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine whether clazosentan treatment after aneurysmal SAH significantly reduced the incidence of DINDs and delayed cerebral infarctions and improved outcomes.

Methods
All randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of clazosentan were retrieved via searches with sensitive and specific terms. Six variables were abstracted after the assessment of the methodological quality of the trials. Analyses were performed following the method guidelines of the Cochrane Back Review Group.

Results
Four randomized, placebo-controlled trials met eligibility criteria, enrolling a total of 2181 patients. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in the incidence of DINDs (relative risk [RR] 0.76 [95% CI 0.62–0.92]) and delayed cerebral infarction (RR 0.79 [95% CI 0.63–1.00]) in patients treated with clazosentan after aneurysmal SAH. However, this treatment regimen was not shown to outcomes including functional outcomes measured by Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (RR 1.12 [95% CI 0.96–1.30]) or mortality (RR 1.02 [95%CI 0.70–1.49]). Adverse events, including pulmonary complications, anemia, and hypotension, were all significantly increased in patients who received clazosentan therapy.

Conclusions
The results of the present meta-analysis show that treatment with clazosentan after aneurysmal SAH significantly reduced the incidence of the vasospasm-related DINDs and delayed cerebral infarctions, but did not improve poor neurological outcomes in patients with aneurysmal SAH. Further study is required to elucidate the dissociation between vasospasm-related morbidity and outcomes.
Utility of STIR MRI in pediatric cervical spine clearance after trauma
Authors: Henry Mark , Scarlata Katherine , Riesenburger Ron I. , Kryzanski James , Rideout Leslie , Samdani Amer , Jea Andrew , Hwang Steven W. 
Published: May 2013

Object
Although MRI with short-term T1 inversion recovery (STIR) sequencing has been widely adopted in the clearance of cervical spine in adults who have sustained trauma, its applicability for cervical spine clearance in pediatric trauma patients remains unclear. The authors sought to review a Level 1 trauma center's experience using MRI for posttraumatic evaluation of the cervical spine in pediatric patients.

Methods
A pediatric trauma database was retrospectively queried for patients who received an injury warranting radiographic imaging of the cervical spine and had a STIR-MRI sequence of the cervical spine performed within 48 hours of injury between 2002 and 2011. Demographic, radiographic, and outcome data were retrospectively collected through medical records.

Results
Seventy-three cases were included in the analysis. The mean duration of follow-up was 10 months (range 4 days–7 years). The mean age of the patients at the time of trauma evaluation was 8.3 ± 5.8 years, and 65% were male. The majority of patients were involved in a motor vehicle accident. In 70 cases, the results of MRI studies were negative, and the patients were cleared prior to discharge with no clinical suggestion of instability on follow-up. In 3 cases, the MRI studies had abnormal findings; 2 of these 3 patients were cleared with dynamic radiographs during the same admission. Only 1 patient had an unstable injury and required surgical stabilization. The sensitivity of STIR MRI to detect cervical instability was 100% with a specificity of 97%. The positive predictive value was 33% and the negative predictive value was 100%.

Conclusions
Although interpretation of our results are diminished by limitations of the study, in our series, STIR MRI in routine screening for pediatric cervical trauma had a high sensitivity and slightly lower specificity, but may have utility in future practices and should be considered for implementation into protocols.
«Wir suchen Sie als …» – Anforderungen aus Sicht eines Arbeitgebers (Essay)
Authors: Morier Alain 
Published: May 2013

“As a member of our team, you will …” – an employer's requirements (essay)
In this article, the head of the Forest Service of the canton of Aargau discusses the training pathways on offer in Switzerland for the forestry sector. After reviewing the forest professions for which training exists now in Switzerland, the requirements of the various functions of the Aargau Forest Service are presented. The key question is “Who is best for which job?”, and this is answered on the basis of specific cases. In general, candidates have the necessary basic knowledge for technical posts in the Forest Service; however, thorough on-the-job training over several years is unavoidable to get the tasks performed in a satisfactory way. Finally, staff are needed who work with pleasure and enthusiasm, not just doing the minimum to get the job done.
Ist die Waldbildung für uns noch zeitgemäss? (Essay)
Authors: Hefti Reto 
Published: May 2013

Is our forestry training still right for our times? (Essay)
The organisation structure of the forest service of the canton of the Grisons – a matrix organisation – makes heavy demands on staff, especially in the area of communication. The multiple and widely different functions offer good potential for job satisfaction to all skill profiles. Forest districts have become larger during the restructuring process, which increases the demands on staff. Graduates of the School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences in Zollikofen have the appropriate training, as long as they are given close support during the early stages of their career. The open training system gives many opportunities, but puts high demands on both employer and employee. It is important that overlaps between the different qualification levels are not too large, and that the link between training and professional experience is maintained. It is essential that young professionals are prepared for the challenges they will face. Potential staff members should have the possibility of doing an internship to find out whether this is the right job for them.
Valeurs sûres et besoin de changement dans les formations forestières (essai)
Authors: Métraux Jean-François , Zumbrunnen Thomas 
Published: May 2013

Solid foundations and necessary change in forestry training (essay)
With climate change and new demands from the public, the framework conditions of forestry work have changed significantly. More and more, foresters' competences must be wide, sound and interdisciplinary. For training, the biggest change has been the opening of a technical high school (Haute école specialisée) pathway in the space between the technical school (Ecole supérieure specialisée) and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH). The forest services would like to see pathways open up at Zollikofen towards a Masters in Life Sciences or other postgraduate qualifications (Master of Advanced Studies, specialised Certificates of Advanced Studies), so as to complete the range of training opportunities, from basic to postgraduate, which is necessary to understand the complexity of the forest system and hold responsible jobs. As for ETH Zurich, the forestry training has changed name and image, and is not well known to the public. It is therefore necessary to put it under the spotlight and promote it.
Un cinéma "pour" les enfants..?
Authors: Paris Daniel 
Published: May 2013

All too frequently for adults, especially for parents, the cinema for a young public is restricted to Walt Disney animated films. The cinema as an art form, as a window on the world, despite the endeavours of certain to affirm this, tends to be forgotten, as are the numerous films which respect the intelligence, the sensitivity and the dignity of the child.
At a time when the cinema runs the risk of being tumed into a simple market product, it is perhaps important to wonder about the meaning to give those images which are shown to children, particuarly via the question of the "cinema for children".
Changement de statut de la jeunesse : les débats politiques aux Pays-Bas
Authors: Ewijk Hans van 
Published: May 2013

In this article, it is argued that in Dutch youth policy of the 80's, there was a noticeable change of approach to young people. Before this period, policy concerning young people was based on the concept of optimal fulfillment, a psychosocial enhancement of the human. In the 80s, the psychological and educational point of view is supplanted by an economic approach of offer and demand.
Young people need to be better equipped for the employment market. For that they must be cheaper, better trained and adapted. This swing signifies that the image of universal identity and of mankind has been abandonned.
The differences between humans and the necessity for a différenciation between work levels and contents require a harmonization between the individual and society. Stress is no longer placed on man by means of psychosocial categories but on man through the procuring a job and of training.
Les médiateurs du Livre dans les quartiers
Authors: Scheer Jacques 
Published: May 2013

1992-93 hat das Ministerium für Kultur und Französische Sprache eine experimentelle Ausbildungsaktion von « Vermittlern des Buches in den Stadtteilen » geleitet und zwar in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Verein A TD- Quart Monde. Heute ist diese Initiative erweitert worden.
Diese Berufsausbildung von Anhängern der Strassenbibliotheken, die aus benachteiligten Kreisen stammen, und die von einem Ausbildungsinstitut der Sozialarbeit und dem Verein der französischen Bibliothekare in die Wege geleitet wurde, hat eine Qualifizierung dieser Animateure ermöglicht. Die Auffassung der angewandten kulturellen Vermittlung in dieser Funktion scheint die Ideologie des kulturellen Volkstumes als Inspiration zu haben. Fördert sie wirklich die Erneuerung der traditionellen Aktivitäten der städtischen Bibliotheken in der Errungenschaft von neuem Publikum ?
Aspects conflictuels de la socialisation
Authors: Klinger Myriam 
Published: May 2013

L 'approche classique de la socialisation, par l'identification des acteurs au système, ne semble plus suffire pour comprendre l'entrée dans la vie adulte. En effet, si la prise d'autonomie reste un travail d'ajustement des places, une expérience toujours plus ou moins conflictuelle, ce processus se complexifie avec la multiplication des références et des valeurs, les difficultés des institutions familiales et scolaires à s'y orienter et à en assurer la transmission.
La construction de ce temps d'identification et d'expérimentation suppose l'acquisition de performances qui transforme le processus de socialisation en exercice de corde raide aux issues incertaines.
Notre réflexion suggère que si les places et les rôles ne sont plus définis d'entrée de jeu, les adultes se trouvent alors, eux aussi, inclus dans une perspective où l'expérience et sa fragilité deviennent centrales.
De X-Files à la secte : la recherche d'une autre vérité
Authors: Marhic Renaud 
Published: May 2013

Von X-Files zur Sekte : auF der Suche nach einer anderen Wahrheit
Was bedeutet das magische Denken für die Jugendlichen ? Dieser Artikel macht auf die Lockung der Themen des Übersinnlichen im Hinblick auf Jugendliche aufmerksam. Hinter dem Glauben an Ausserirdische Wesen oder an im Zusammenhang mit einem wirklichen gegenkulturellen Standpunkt Von dem Chamiezeitpunkt des Jugendalters begünstigt, setzt sich manchmal die Suche nach einer anderen Wahrheit Ober das Übernatürliche bei den jungen Erwachsenen durch den Sektenbeitritt fori. En Schritt, der nicht nur vom religiösen Gefühl inspiriert wird, sondern auch von tur genährt wird, erklärt werden kann.
La participation des jeunes aux associations en France, analyse de quelques indicateurs statistiques
Authors: Roudet Bernard 
Published: May 2013

Die Migtliedschaft der Jugendlichen bei Vereinen in Frankreich - Analyse von einigen statistischen Anzeichen.
Die Analyse von mehreren statistischen Umfragen gibt uns Informationen über die Veireismitgliedschaftder Jugendlichen. 40 % der Jugendlichen nehmen an einem Verein Teil, was mit dem Anteil der Erwachsenen vergleichbar ist. Diese Mitgliedschan steht zu 30 % in Zusammenhang mit Sportvereinen, die zweite Art von betroffenen Vereinen, künstlerisch oder kulturell unter anderem, betreffen also bestenfalls nur 10 % der Jugendbevölkerung. Die Vereinsmitgliedschan der 15/24 jährigen hat weniger zugenommen als diejenige der Erwachsenen seit 1973. Die Mitgliedschan der Jugendlichen bei mehreren Vereinen ist geringer als die der Gesamtbevölkerung. Und sie tendieren dazu, weniger Verantwortungen zu übernehmen.
"D'après moi, la mafia c'est..." (dans l'imaginaire des enfants siciliens)
Authors: Manna Elisa , Sapienza Rosario 
Published: May 2013

«Meiner Meinung nach ist Mafia...»
3.914 Kinder und junge Sizilianer von 6 bis 16 haben folgende Frage beantwortet : «was ist Mafia». Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit einigen Aspekten der Analyse der Antworten durch Forscher des CENSIS. Das Wort «Mafia» ist Bestandteil der sizi lianischen Kinderphantasie : Worte der Angst und der Zauberei. Erscheinen die Geschichte eines Traumas, die Episoden eines dramatischen Prozesses, der die Mafia Realität aus der Emotionssphäre dieser Kinder und dieser Jugendlichen evakuiert.
Les vacances de jeunes : une réalité diverse et évolutive
Authors: Mignon Jean-Marc 
Published: May 2013

Ferien für Jugendliche : eine vielfältige und sich entwickelnde Realität.
Ferien für Jugendliche, Jugendtourismus sind Begriffe, die vertraut und wohl bekannt erscheinen. Aber hinter diesen Begriffen sind es recht diverse Realitäten, die man vorfindet und die sich in voller Entwicklung befinden. Zwischen dem Jugendlichen und dem jungen Erwachsenen, dem Jugendlichen auf Arbeitssuche und dem Jugendlichen, dem die finanzielle Unterstützung seiner Familie zugute kommt, zwischen dem jungen Franzosen und einem Jugendlichen aus der dritten Welt, was für Unterschiede ! Und wohl identifizierbare Spezifizitäten existieren jedoch auch, um die Ferien und den Tourismus für Jugendliche zu kennzeichnen ; wichtiger Bereich der Tourismusindustrie auf internationaler Ebene, Quelle für Freizeit sowie persönlichen Ausgleich und Bereicherung, Traum für viele, die Welt der Ferien für Jugendliche wird hier unter seinen verschiedenen Aspekten und mit den vorhersehbaren Tendenzen für die nächsten Jahre skizziert.
L’accompagnement des projets de vacances
Authors: Vincent Isabelle 
Published: May 2013

Acompañamiento de los proyectos de vacaciones.
El modo de comportamiento de los jóvenes se ha modificado debido a la evolución de la sociedad y la situación económica actual. En efecto, según observaciones realizadas en los Hauts-de-Seine (cerca de Paris), el compromiso social entre los 16 y 25 años parece real y se diferencia de las gestiones de busca laboral. Es a través de inversiones asociativas que se manifiesta esta reivindicación de identidad. El estudio realizado por la Liga 92 presenta estas actitudes como primicias de un nuevo movimiento participativo. Sin embargo, Los jóvenes encuentran serios impedimientos entorpeciendo la puesta en obra de sus proyectos, ya que el entorno institucional y político no está acostumbrado a estas formas de acción. Tales comportamientos vienen trastornando los metodos de intervención local de los animadores. La experimentación de una nueva forma de acompañamiento de los jóvenes parece establecer las bases de futuras formas de comunicación.
Lorsque la galère des banlieues s’échoue sur la plage
Authors: Mignon Paul 
Published: May 2013

Wenn das Unbehagen der Vororte auf den Strand aufläuft.
Die Ankunft der jungen Vorstädter in den Seebädern der Küste der Pyrénées-Orientales löst umfangreiche Ablehnungsreaktionen aus. Diese Jugendlichen werden zum Sündenbock aller Leiden des aktuellen Zeitpunktes gemacht und gefährdende soziale Spannungen für das Leben der Seebäder erscheinen und zwar mit Übertreibung von bestimmten Tatsachen und mit den verrücktesten Gerüchten im Hintergrund. Man kann jedoch feststellen, dass, statt diese Ablehnungsreaktion nur zu erleiden, die Jugendlichen aus den Vororten auch zum Teil diese Reaktion hervorrufen indem sie Verhaltensweisen und Haltungen haben sowie eine Art und Weise sich auszudrücken, zu rufen, zu bewegen, zu gruppieren zum Beispiel, die sehr stark auffallen und aus vielen Gründen in einem sozialen Umfeld, das andere Sitten gewohnt ist, nicht akzeptiert werden. Dieser Beitrag gibt Vorstellungselemente der Merkmale der verschiedenen Gruppentypen sowie Analyseelemente über verschiedene Faktoren, insbesondere lokaler Art, die unabhängig vom Wille der Jugendlichen sind und die den Inhalt der Situation, die man beobachten kann, erklären.
La galère de la jeunesse algérienne
Authors: Rarrbo Kamel 
Published: May 2013

The struggle of Algerian youth -
Two main characteristics dominate the portrait of Algerian youth, its overwhelming demography in the population and the high level of unemployment (more than half the young people aged between 15 and 25 are inactive). Neither should the sense of helplessness of these young Algerians with regard to their cultures and identity be under-estimated, outcome of a lengthy colonial occupying presence and and of the «mission to civilize». All this goes a long way towards explaining the tense relationship with the language, the religion, the history (or its absence in cultural and educational transmission) and Algerian identity. For we can speak in terms of an absence or a «weakness» in the handing on of historical legacy, of the collective memory of young generations. And so from imagination of young people the myth emerged of a boat from Australia (the arrival of a boat for migration to the southern hemisphere). This latter emphasises their symbolic cultural and material frustration and their fears and uncertainties with regard to unemployment.