bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and outcome of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of non-cardiac origin in Osaka: a population-based study
Authors: Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Kiyohara Kosuke , Sakai Tomohiko , Iwami Taku , Nishiyama Chika , Kajino Kentaro , Nishiuchi Tatsuya , Hayashi Yasuyuki , Katayama Yusuke , Yoshiya Kazuhisa , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate epidemiological characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) by detailed non-cardiac cause and factors associated with the outcomes after OHCAs of non-cardiac origin.DesignA prospective, population-based observational study.SettingThe Utstein Osaka Project.Participants14 164 adult patients aged ≥20 years old with OHCAs due to non-cardiac origin who were resuscitated by emergency-medical-service personnel or bystanders, and then were transported to medical institutions from January 2005 to December 2011.Primary outcome measuresOne-month survival after OHCA. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors that were potentially associated with the outcome.ResultsDuring the study period, the 1-month survival rate was 5.3% (755/14 164). The proportion of 1-month survival was 6.2% (510/8239) in external causes, 6.5% (94/1148) in respiratory diseases, 0.8% (11/1309) in malignant tumours, 4.9% (55/1114) in strokes and 4.1% (85/2054) in others. As for external causes, the proportion of 1-month survival was 14.3% (382/2670) in asphyxia, 4.2% (84/1999) in hanging, 0.7% (9/1300) in fall, 1.1% (12/1062) in drowning, 1.6% (12/765) in traffic injury, 3.7% (7/187) in drug overuse and 1.6% (4/256) in unclassified external causes. In a multivariate analysis, adults aged <65 years old with arrests witnessed by bystanders, with normal activities of daily living before the arrests, having ventricular fibrillation arrests, having arrests in public places, intravenous fluid levels and early Emergency Medical Service response time were significant predictors for 1-month outcome after OHCAs of non-cardiac origin. The proportion of 1-month survival of all OHCAs of non-cardiac origin did not significantly increase (from 4.3% (86/2023) in 2005 to 4.9% (105/2126) in 2011) and the adjusted OR for one-increment of year was 1.01 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.06).ConclusionsFrom a large OHCA registry in Osaka, we demonstrated that 1-month survival after OHCAs of non-cardiac origin was poor and stable.
Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation, Not Circulating Norepinephrine, Modulates T-Peak to T-End Interval by Increasing Global Dispersion of Repolarization
Authors: Yagishita Daigo , Chui Ray W. , Yamakawa Kentaro , Rajendran Pradeep S. , Ajijola Olujimi A. , Nakamura Keijiro , So Eileen L. , Mahajan Aman , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Vaseghi Marmar 
Published: December 2014

Background—
T-peak to T-end interval (Tp-e) is an independent marker of sudden cardiac death. Modulation of Tp-e by sympathetic nerve activation and circulating norepinephrine is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize endocardial and epicardial dispersion of repolarization (DOR) and its effects on Tp-e with sympathetic activation.

Methods and Results—

In Yorkshire pigs (n=13), a sternotomy was performed and the heart and bilateral stellate ganglia were exposed. A 56-electrode sock and 64-electrode basket catheter were placed around the epicardium and in the left ventricle (LV), respectively. Activation recovery interval, DOR, defined as variance in repolarization time, and Tp-e were assessed before and after left, right, and bilateral stellate ganglia stimulation and norepinephrine infusion. LV endocardial and epicardial activation recovery intervals significantly decreased, and LV endocardial and epicardial DOR increased during sympathetic nerve stimulation. There were no LV epicardial versus endocardial differences in activation recovery interval during sympathetic stimulation, and regional endocardial activation recovery interval patterns were similar to the epicardium. Tp-e prolonged during left (from 40.4±2.2 ms to 92.4±12.4 ms;
P
<0.01), right (from 47.7±2.6 ms to 80.7±11.5 ms;
P
<0.01), and bilateral (from 47.5±2.8 ms to 78.1±9.8 ms;
P
<0.01) stellate stimulation and strongly correlated with whole heart DOR during stimulation (
P
<0.001,
R
=0.86). Of note, norepinephrine infusion did not increase DOR or Tp-e.

Conclusions—
Regional patterns of LV endocardial sympathetic innervation are similar to that of LV epicardium. Tp-e correlated with whole heart DOR during sympathetic nerve activation. Circulating norepinephrine did not affect DOR or Tp-e.
Histogram Mapping Synthesis: A Cellular Automata-Based Technique for Flexible
Sound Design
Authors: Serquera Jaime , Miranda Eduardo Reck 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Histogram mapping synthesis (HMS) is a new technique for sound design based on cellular automata (CA). Cellular automata are computational models that create moving images. In the context of HMS, and based on a novel digital signal processing approach, these images are analyzed by histogram measurements, giving a sequence of histograms as a result. In a nutshell, these histogram sequences are converted into spectrograms that, in turn, are rendered into sounds. Unlike other CA-based systems, the HMS mapping process is not intuition-based, nor is it totally arbitrary; it is based instead on resemblances discovered between the components of the histogram sequences and the spectral components of the sounds. Our main concern is to address the problem of the sound-design limitations of synthesis techniques based on CA. These limitations stem, fundamentally, from the unpredictable and autonomous nature of these computational models. As a result, one of the main advantages of HMS is that it affords more control over the sound-design process than other sound-synthesis techniques using CA. The timbres that we have designed with HMS range from those that are novel to those that are imitations of sounds produced by acoustic means. All the sounds obtained present dynamic features, and many of them, including some of those that are novel, retain important characteristics of sounds produced by acoustic means.
Healing Septal Perforations by Secondary Intention Using Acellular Dermis as a Bioscaffold
Authors: Sharma Ayushman , Janus Jeffrey , Diggelmann Henry R. , Hamilton Grant S. 
Published: December 2014

Objective: Several techniques are described in the literature for nasal septal perforation repair. Most of these involve interposition grafts in conjunction with local pedicled mucosal flaps. The following article describes our experience using acellular dermis as a bioscaffold to support the regrowth of nasal septal mucosa by secondary intention. Methods: Retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent repair of nasal septal perforations by the senior author using acellular dermis placed between the 2 sides of the perforation and covered with silastic splints to allow for mucosalization. Results: Thirteen patients underwent nasal septal perforation repair using this technique. All perforations repaired were under 2 cm in greatest dimension. Two-thirds of patients had complete closure of the perforation upon initial use of bioscaffolding technique. The remaining third achieved near-total closure with bioscaffolding technique and were able to be completely closed with a single additional procedure. Conclusions: Acellular dermis offers an alternative to most currently described complex flaps. The method can be used in patients with defects less than 2 cm, but initial data suggest caution when using in those with wound healing impediments. This technique is also an excellent choice for patients with multiple small septal perforations.
Imaging Optimization of Temporal Bones With Cochlear Implant Using a High-resolution Cone Beam CT and the Corresponding Effective Dose
Authors: Zou Jing , Koivisto Juha , Lähelmä Jaakko , Aarnisalo Antti , Wolff Jan , Pyykkö Ilmari 
Published: December 2014

Objective: To evaluate the impact of tube voltage, tube current, pulse number, and magnification factor on the image quality of a novel experimental set-up and the corresponding radiation. Materials and Methods: Six human temporal bones with cochlear implant were imaged using various tube voltages, tube currents, pulse numbers, and magnification. The effect of radiation was evaluated using a metaloxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) dosimeter device on an anthropomorphic RANDO RAN102 male head phantom. A copper and aluminum combination filter was used for hardware filtration. Results: Overall, 900 frames, 11 mA, and 88 kV provided the best image quality. In temporal bones imaged with the optimized parameters, the cochlea, osseous spiral lamina, modiolus, stapes, round window niche, and oval window landmarks were demonstrated with anatomic structures still fully assessable in all parts and acceptable image quality. The most dominant contributor to the effective dose was bone marrow (36%-37 %) followed by brain (34%-36%), remainder tissues (12%), extra-thoracic airways (7%), and oral mucosa (5%). Conclusions: By increasing the number of frames, the image quality of the inner ear details obtained using the novel cone-beam computed tomography improved.
Gender differences in psychological distress in Spain
Authors: Matud M Pilar , Bethencourt Juan M , Ibáñez Ignacio 
Published: December 2014

Background and aims: Epidemiological and community-based surveys consistently report gender differences in mental health. This study examines gender differences in psychological distress by analyzing the relevance of stress, coping styles, social support and the time use. Methods: Psychological tests were administered to a convenience sample of 1,337 men and 1,251 women from the Spanish general population, aged between 18 and 65 and with different socio-demographic characteristics, although both the women and men groups had similar age and educational levels. Results: Women had more psychological distress than men. Although psychological distress in the women and men groups have some common correlates such as more stress, more emotional and less rational coping and less social support, we find some gender differences. Work role dissatisfaction was more associated with distress in the men than in the women group. In addition, women’s distress was associated with more daily time devoted to childcare and less to activities they enjoy, and men’s distress was associated with more time devoted to housework and less to physical exercise. Conclusions: Social roles traditionally attributed to women and men – and the differences in the use of time that such roles entail – are relevant in gender differences in psychological distress.
Site for Bone‐Anchored Hearing System for Children Younger than 5 Years
Authors: Ukatu Ceisha Chinwe , Desai Nilesh Kundanlal , Todd Norman Wendell 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo describe in children younger than the present US FDA–approved 5 years of age the thickest part of the temporal bone available for placement of a bone‐anchored hearing system. Children with unilateral hearing loss, as with aural atresia, have deficits in at least language comprehension and oral expression. The early provision of hearing to the atretic ear may minimize the potential for auditory deprivation.Study DesignPoint prevalence descriptive study.SettingTertiary referral pediatric hospital.Subjects and MethodsThirty‐eight patients less than 6 years old with congenital aural atresia had undergone temporal bone computed tomography (CT). Bone thickness lateral (ie, superficial) to the sinodural angle, in the topmost axial CT slice that included any adjacent petrous ridge, was measured.ResultsThe mean bone thicknesses lateral to the sinodural angles of the atretic ears were 5.1, 5.0, 5.9, 5.2, 5.2, and 4.8 mm for the <1, 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, 5‐year‐olds, respectively; of the non‐atretic ears, thicknesses were 4.1, 4.9, 5.5, 6.7, 4.3, and 4.7 mm.ConclusionBased on this small case series, bone thickness lateral (ie, superficial) to the sinodural angle is sufficient for many children suffering from aural atresia to have bone‐anchored hearing devices implanted younger than age 5 years. Use of the sinodural site would require a magnetic bone‐anchored hearing system, which could be repositioned posteriorly at age 5 years when pinna construction and atresiaplasty endeavors typically begin.
Epidemiology of ocular disorders and visual impairment among school pupils in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Abu Emmanuel K , Yeboah Abena A , Ocansey Stephen , Kyei Samuel , Abokyi Samuel 
Published: December 2014

The purpose of the study was to determine the epidemiology of ocular disorders and visual impairment among junior high school children in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. A cross-sectional study was conducted among junior high school children from both public and private schools. Participants underwent ophthalmic examination that included visual acuity testing, external eye examination, fundus examination, cover testing, and objective and subjective refraction. Socioeconomic statuses of the children were also determined. A principal cause of visual impairment was determined for participants with uncorrected visual acuities of 6/12 or worse in the better eyes. A total of 1252 were enumerated and 1029 children examined. Overall, ocular disorders were found among 104 (10.1%) pupils: refractive errors (37), conjunctival disorders (33), eyelid disorders (5), corneal disorders (4), retinal disorders (4), heterophoria (14), heterotropia (3), and amblyopia (4). Prevalence of visual impairment of 6/12 or worse in the better eye was 47 (4.6%), with refractive error being the major cause accounting for 37 (78.7%). Other causes were amblyopia, 4 (8.5%); retinal disorders, 4 (8.5%); and corneal disorders, 2 (4.3%). By the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) criteria, mild and moderate visual impairment using the better eye was 7.3% and 1.1%, respectively. Visual impairment was not significantly associated with age, gender, or socioeconomic status. Only 209 (20.3%) school pupils had had a previous eye examination, among whom 7 were wearing glasses. Majority (754 [73.3%]) of pupils were within low socioeconomic status ( p < .001). The prevalence of eye disorders among junior high school pupils in the Cape Coast Metropolis was high compared to the global estimates. The cause of visual impairment was largely preventable, refractive error being the major cause. Uptake of eye care services among the school pupils was poor as majority of them had never had a previous eye examination. Incorporation of school eye screening programs into the school curriculum is recommended.
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of 99 m-Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy and 18 F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of skeletal metastases
Authors: Chang Connie Y , Gill Corey M , Joseph Simeone F , Taneja Atul K , Huang Ambrose J , Torriani Martin , Bredella Miriam A 
Published: December 2014

Background Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) is commonly performed for cancer staging, as it can detect metastatic disease in multiple organ systems. However, there has been some controversy in the scientific literature when comparing FDG PET/CT and technetium-99 m-bone scintigraphy (bone scan) for the detection of skeletal metastases. Purpose To compare the accuracy of FDG PET/CT with bone scan for the detection of skeletal metastases. Material and Methods The study group comprised 202 adult cancer patients who underwent both FDG PET/CT and bone scan within 31 days for staging. Bone scans and FDG PET/CT were evaluated by two musculoskeletal radiologists for the presence and location of skeletal metastatic disease. Confirmation of the final diagnosis was based on the CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance, follow-up imaging, or histology. Results The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting skeletal metastatic disease of FDG PET/CT were 97%, 98%, and 98%, respectively, and of bone scan were 83%, 98%, and 93%, respectively. The lesions that bone scan most commonly missed were located in the pelvis, spine, and sacrum. FDG PET/CT missed mostly lesions that were outside of the field of view, but in all of these cases the patient had additional sites of skeletal metastatic disease. Bone scan falsely identified six metastatic lesions and FDG PET/CT falsely identified three metastatic lesions. Conclusion FDG PET/CT is an accurate technique for detection of skeletal metastases, and is superior to bone scan, especially in the spine and pelvis.
Impact of neurological impairment, depression, cognitive function and coping on quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis: A relative importance analysis
Authors: Fernández-Jiménez Eduardo , Arnett Peter A. 
Published: December 2014

Background: Determining the relative importance of factors that predict quality of life (QoL) in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) must be addressed through multiple regression metrics, e.g. relative weights, which are designed to solve colinearity problems. Objective: We aimed to compare disease variables, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), depressive symptomatology (BDI-FS), cognitive performance and coping in predicting MS patients’ QoL, using relative weights. Methods: We assessed 97 patients with MS, using the Functional Assessment of MS (FAMS) as the criterion. Results: EDSS predicted global and physical QoL domains, whereas BDI-FS predicted general contentment and global QoL. Conclusion: EDSS and BDI-FS are relevant determinants of QoL in people with MS.
Changes in inpatients’ experiences of hospital care in England over a 12-year period: a secondary analysis of national survey data
Authors: Reeves Rachel , West Elizabeth 
Published: December 2014

Objectives Adult inpatient surveys generate approximately 70,000 responses per year about patients’ experiences of National Health Service hospital care in England. We examine historical data to assess change between 2002 and 2013 and consider the factors that may have stimulated any change. Methods Archived national data from National Health Service Inpatient Surveys between 2002 and 2013 (comprising 840,077 patient responders) were obtained. Questions were selected for inter-year analysis if they had been replicated for at least seven years. The percentage of responses in the most positive category was compared for each question’s earliest and most recent year. The statistical significance of differences was tested using chi-square. Also, since such large sample sizes mean that even 1% differences are statistically significant, effect sizes were used to assess the practical significance of those differences. Results There were statistically significant ( p < .001) increases in positive responses to 35 questions, a significant deterioration for 8 questions and no change for 7 questions. There was one ‘moderate’ improvement (ϕ = 0.3), six ‘small’ improvements (ϕ > 0.1) and one ‘small’ decline, but differences were not meaningful for 42 questions. The greatest improvements were for patients receiving copies of doctors’ letters; single sex ward areas; clinicians’ hand washing; ward cleanliness and planned admission waiting times. The greatest decline was that fewer responders said their call bells were usually answered within 2 min. Conclusions More aspects of care have improved than have deteriorated. This study highlights the need for a consistent repeated survey programme to detect changes over the long term, since year-to-year changes tend to be small. The greatest improvements are in areas that can be influenced by organisation-wide interventions and many are associated with top–down government policies, targets or media campaigns. Patients’ evaluations of many aspects of their interactions with clinicians are unchanged or have declined. Further research could test whether ward-specific facilitated communication of survey results to clinicians could drive improvements in clinician–patient interactions.
Voluntary Glenohumeral Joint Luxation In Children
Authors: Malkoc Melih , Korkmaz Ozgur , Seker Ali , Oltulu Ismail , Batmaz Guray , Mahirogulları Mahir 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: Voluntary shoulder dislocation is a rare pathology and can be seen in childhood. We aimed to present, diagnosis and treatment of two girls with Voluntary Glenohumeral Joint Luxation(VGJL) with seven and nine years old, in this study. Methods: Physical examination of both shoulders were performed carefully and standard Antero-posterior (AP) X-ray radiography obtained and for identify any soft tissue (like labral tears, rotator cuff tears, capsular pathologies, etc.) pathologies Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was performed. While the seven years old girl luxate her shoulder to anterior the other with nine years old was luxating her shoulder inferior, volunterly with no pain. No other direction, the both two girls could perform the luxation. No connective tissue or genetic disorders were detected for two children. The familial history was investigated and hyperelasticity-like history obtained at the seond degree relatives of both children. In treatment, physical therapy program was planned for two children. Results: At the x-ray AP radiography demonstrated no clue of abnormality about bony structure. However, at the nine years old girl, the MRI images showed the labral tear localised at the inferomedial part of the labrum while seven years of girl had no pathology showed at MRI images. Both shoulders of the patients, except in the case of voluntary shoulder luxation, would normally use and all the active full range of motion of both glenohumeral joints. Pain was not a complaint; even with or without demonstrating the controlled voluntary luxation for both two girls. Physical therapy was performed and at the end of the one year of follow-up, by phone consulting with parents of two children, it was recorded that the repetition of voluntary shoulder luxation was decreased. Conclusion: The VGJL is a rare but easily managed antity without surgery. Awareness of family and recommendations about the pathology is important.
Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) for the Treatment of Chronic Persistent Jumper’s Knee
Authors: Enginsu Müjdat , Lokmaoğlu Recep , Selimoğlu Şafak , Korkmaz Erol 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of multiple PRP injections on the healing of chronic persistent patellar tendinopathy, after previous classical treatment have failed. Methods: We treated 30 patients affected by chronic jumper’s knee, who had failed previous nonsurgical treatments, with multiple PRP injections and physiotherapy. We also compared the clinical outcome with a homogeneous group of 15 patients primarily treated with the physiotherapy approach. Tegner, VAS, and pain level were used for clinical evaluation before, at the end of the treatment and 3-6 month follow up. Complications, functional recovery and patient satisfaction were also recorded. A statistically significant improvement in all scores was observed at the end of the PRP injections in patients with chronic persistent patellar tendinopathy and a further improvement was noted at 6 month, after physiotherapy was added. Results: Moreover, comparable results were obtained with respect to the less severe cases in the VAS score and pain level evaluation, as in the time to recover and patient satisfaction, with an ever higher improvement in the sports activity level achieved in the PRP group Conclusion: The clinical results are encouraging, indicating that PRP injections have the potential to promote the achievement of a satisfactory clinical outcome, even in difficult cases with chronic persistent tendinopathy after previous classical treatments have failed.