bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of tourist employment in Brazilian microregions: A dynamic panel data approach
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Carlos De Santana , Santos Fernanda Rodrigues Dos , De Moura Fábio Rodrigues , Montenegro Rosa Lívia Gonçalves , Freitas Elton Eduardo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of specialization, urbanization, and diversification externalities on the dynamics of tourism employment in Brazilian microregions. We use a dynamic panel data model for the 2006–2019 period. The location quotient, population density and the inverse of the Hirschman–Herfindahl index, proxies for specialization, urbanization, and diversification, respectively, positively affect tourism employment in the long run. Based on the estimated long‐run elasticities, the specialization externality produces the strongest influence on tourism employment after a permanent increase of one standard deviation.
Excellent accuracy of trained neonatal nurses in the detection of referral‐warranted retinopathy of prematurity within an established telemedicine screening programme
Authors: Nguyen Thuan Anh Le , Raileanu Vanessa , Smith Bernice , Griffin Alison , Shah Shaheen 
Published: July 2024

AimTo evaluate level of agreement of specialist trained retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) nurses compared with an experienced paediatric ophthalmologist in detection of referral‐warranted ROP (RWROP) using wide‐field digital retinal imaging.MethodsThis is a prospective, observational, blinded study of neonates in a level III neonatal intensive care unit, from July 2020 to November 2022. Image capture using wide‐field digital retinal imaging followed by ROP grading and staging was completed by trained ROP nurses. This was then compared with findings by an experienced paediatric ophthalmologist. The primary outcome was presence of RWROP in either eye.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐five neonates (55% male) with a total of 768 screening visits were included. At the initial screen, nurse and ophthalmologist agreed about presence of RWROP for 191 of 195 neonates (98%, kappa = 0.79, P < 0.0001), with 100% sensitivity for RWROP detection. Including all 768 screening episodes, agreement was 98% for RWROP. There was disagreement in 16 screenings (2%) for 11 (6%) neonates. Of the five screenings (0.7%) that the ophthalmologist thought were RWROP and the nurse did not, three were disagreements about whether the zone was posterior zone 2 or zone 1.ConclusionsWe found excellent levels of agreement and add evidence that interpretations by specialist trained nurses could be safely integrated into a ‘hybrid ROP screening system’.
Mechanisms of enteric neuropathy in diverse contexts of gastrointestinal dysfunction
Authors: Jamka Julia R. , Gulbransen Brian D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe enteric nervous system (ENS) commands moment‐to‐moment gut functions through integrative neurocircuitry housed in the gut wall. The functional continuity of ENS networks is disrupted in enteric neuropathies and contributes to major disturbances in normal gut activities including abnormal gut motility, secretions, pain, immune dysregulation, and disrupted signaling along the gut–brain axis. The conditions under which enteric neuropathy occurs are diverse and the mechanistic underpinnings are incompletely understood. The purpose of this brief review is to summarize the current understanding of the cell types involved, the conditions in which neuropathy occurs, and the mechanisms implicated in enteric neuropathy such as oxidative stress, toll like receptor signaling, purines, and pre‐programmed cell death.
ZmPHR1 contributes to drought resistance by modulating phosphate homeostasis in maize
Authors: Tian Meng‐Zhi , Wang Hai‐Feng , Tian Yan , Hao Jie , Guo Hui‐Ling , Chen Li‐Mei , Wei Ya‐Kang , Zhan Shi‐Hao , Yu Hong‐Tao , Chen Yi‐Fang 
Published: July 2024

SummaryAs an essential macronutrient, phosphorus (P) is often a limiting nutrient because of its low availability and mobility in soils. Drought is a major environmental stress that reduces crop yield. How plants balance and combine P‐starvation responses (PSRs) and drought resistance is unclear. In this study, we identified the transcription factor ZmPHR1 as a major regulator of PSRs that modulates phosphate (Pi) signaling and homeostasis. We found that maize zmphr1 mutants had reduced P concentration and were sensitive to Pi starvation, whereas ZmPHR1‐OE lines displayed elevated Pi concentration and yields. In addition, 57% of PSR genes and nearly 70% of ZmPHR1‐regulated PSR genes in leaves were transcriptionally responsive to drought. Under moderate and early drought conditions, the Pi concentration of maize decreased, and PSR genes were up‐regulated before drought‐responsive genes. The ZmPHR1‐OE lines exhibited drought‐resistant phenotypes and reduced stomatal apertures, whereas the opposite was true of the zmphr1 mutants. ZmPT7‐OE lines and zmspx3 mutants, which had elevated Pi concentration, also exhibited drought resistance, but zmpt7 mutants were sensitive to drought. Our results suggest that ZmPHR1 plays a central role in integrating Pi and drought signals and that Pi homeostasis improves the ability of maize to combat drought.
Mini‐implant assisted palate expansion and digital design in junctional epidermolysis bullosa and amelogenesis imperfecta: Case report
Authors: Véliz Sebastian , Olivares Antonio , Krämer Susanne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundJunctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is one of the four major types of EB caused by genetic variants in the genes coding the proteins of the lamina lucida. All patients with this major type of EB present syndromic hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), with either a pits and fissures or generalized hypoplastic phenotype. Severe forms of AI are associated with compromised oral health‐related quality of life (QoL) mostly due to poor dental aesthetics, dentofacial anomalies, and oral pain.AimTo present the comprehensive dental treatment of a patient with JEB and AI from the age of 20 months until the age of 18 years, including complex orthodontics and digital oral rehabilitation.Materials and methodsA male patient with intermediate JEB (homozygous c.3228+1G>A LAMB3 variant) has been under the care of the special care dentistry clinic of the University of Chile since the age of 20 months. His complex dental needs include structural enamel abnormalities in primary and permanent dentition (hypoplastic generalized AI), severe dental crowding with maxillary compression, Class III skeletal pattern, agenesia (#45), and gingivitis.ResultsPediatric dental care included oral hygiene education and preventive strategies (prophylaxis and fluoride applications), maintaining the dentition free of caries. Due to AI, severe tooth sensitivity hindered proper oral hygiene and required early rehabilitation with temporary polycarbonate and metallic crowns. At the age of 16, the patient began orthodontic treatment. A maxillary expansion was performed with two consecutive mini‐implant assisted rapid palate expansion (MARPE) bonded to four mini‐implants in the palate. After finishing orthodontic treatment metallic multibrackets (duration 19 months), a definitive oral rehabilitation based on digital smile design with feldspathic crowns of all anterior teeth and premolars was performed.ConclusionPatients with severe generalized hypoplastic syndromic AI associated with JEB benefit from long‐term preventive oral care. Complex orthodontic techniques, such as MARPE, and multibrackets can be successfully. Digital smile design provides a definitive oral rehabilitation technique improving oral function, aesthetics, and QoL.
Mindsets of suicide trajectories: An Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count analysis of suicide hotline conversations
Authors: Huang Chin‐Lan , Shaw Fortune Fu‐Tsung , Hsu Wen‐Yau , Yu Hsiu‐Ting , Chang Shu‐Sen , Li Mao Ning 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to explore the psychological characteristics of the individuals with various suicide risks using computerized text analysis, in the hopes of a better understanding of suicide trajectories.Methods627 first‐time callers' records were randomly selected from Taiwan An‐Shin Hotline database between 2013 and 2018. The voice records were evaluated by two psychologists to determine the levels of suicide risk (156 with uncertainty of risk, 177 with low suicidal ideation, 157 with high suicidal ideation, and 137 with suicide preparation/attempt) and transcribed into text. The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count 2015 (LIWC2015) program combined with Chinese dictionary were then used to calculate the frequency of word categories.ResultsExploratory factor analysis identified four mindsets of language characteristics, named “opposition and questioning”, “active engagement”, “negative rumination”, and “focus on death”. Psychological descriptions of the mindsets were also obtained through correlation analysis with the LIWC2015 categories and indicators. The four mindsets effectively distinguished the callers with different levels of suicide risk.ConclusionThe psychological characteristics of people with various suicide risks can be described and differentiated via the closed‐word categories and composite indicators. These results provide useful information for practitioners and researchers.
Understanding impact of urban sprawl over sanitation risks using GIS‐based multicriteria decision‐making approach
Authors: Chatterjee Debrupa , Singh Dharmaveer , Das Diganta Bhushan , Singh Pushpendra Kumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUrban sprawl and the shortage of proper sanitary infrastructures significantly jeopardize public health and urban sustainability. The problem is further aggravated as a result of the rapid urbanization and urban sprawl. This study investigated the relationship between urban sprawl and sanitation risk conditions in a rapidly growing city in India. This was accomplished by investigating changes in urban sprawl areas between the periods 2000–2020 using multispectral satellite images and Shanon's entropy model and studying the pattern of spatial variations in basic sanitation services derived from the 100 household‐based surveyed WASH (water availability, sanitation, and hygiene) data collected in 2018 before COVID‐19 from 45 sprawl regions. Spatial statistical techniques, namely, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation and the multicriteria decision technique, were employed for neighborhood analysis and assessing sanitation risks inside the sprawl region. Results showed that Raipur exhibited urban sprawl and around 93.68% of the sprawl area was classified between high (6.47%)‐ and medium (80.52%)‐risk zones.
A novel type of malformed floral organs mutant in barley was conferred by loss‐of‐function mutations of the MADS‐box gene HvAGL6
Authors: Sun Man , Jiang Congcong , Gao Guangqi , An Chaodan , Wu Wenxue , Kan Jinhong , Zhang Jinpeng , Li Lihui , Yang Ping 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYThe advanced model of floral morphogenesis is based largely on data from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa), but this process is less well understood in the Triticeae. Here, we investigated a sterile barley (Hordeum vulgare) mutant with malformed floral organs (designated mfo1), of which the paleae, lodicules, and stamens in each floret were all converted into lemma‐like organs, and the ovary was abnormally shaped. Combining bulked‐segregant analysis, whole‐genome resequencing, and TILLING approaches, the mfo1 mutant was attributed to loss‐of‐function mutations in the MADS‐box transcription factor gene HvAGL6, a key regulator in the ABCDE floral morphogenesis model. Through transcriptomic analysis between young inflorescences of wild‐type and mfo1 plants, 380 genes were identified as differentially expressed, most of which function in DNA binding, protein dimerization, cell differentiation, or meristem determinacy. Regulatory pathway enrichment showed HvAGL6 associates with transcriptional abundance of many MADS‐box genes, including the B‐class gene HvMADS4. Mutants with deficiency in HvMADS4 exhibited the conversion of stamens into supernumerary pistils, producing multiple ovaries resembling the completely sterile multiple ovaries 3.h (mov3.h) mutant. These findings demonstrate that the regulatory model of floral morphogenesis is conserved across plant species and provides insights into the interactions between HvAGL6 and other MADS‐box regulators.
CaM‐dependent modulation of human CaV1.3 whole‐cell and single‐channel currents by C‐terminal CaMKII phosphorylation site S1475
Authors: Salamon Sarah , Kuzmenkina Elza , Fried Cora , Matthes Jan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhosphorylation enables rapid modulation of voltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCC) in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. How phosphorylation modulates human CaV1.3 VGCC, however, is largely unexplored. We characterized modulation of CaV1.3 gating via S1475, the human equivalent of a phosphorylation site identified in the rat. S1475 is highly conserved in CaV1.3 but absent from all other high‐voltage activating calcium channel types co‐expressed with CaV1.3 in similar tissues. Further, it is located in the C‐terminal EF‐hand motif, which binds calmodulin (CaM). This is involved in calcium‐dependent channel inactivation (CDI). We used amino acid exchanges that mimic either sustained phosphorylation (S1475D) or phosphorylation resistance (S1475A). Whole‐cell and single‐channel recordings of phosphorylation state imitating CaV1.3 variants in transiently transfected HEK‐293 cells revealed functional relevance of S1475 in human CaV1.3. We obtained three main findings: (1) CaV1.3_S1475D, imitating sustained phosphorylation, displayed decreased current density, reduced CDI and (in‐) activation kinetics shifted to more depolarized voltages compared with both wildtype CaV1.3 and the phosphorylation‐resistant CaV1.3_S1475A variant. Corresponding to the decreased current density, we find a reduced open probability of CaV1.3_S1475D at the single‐channel level. (2) Using CaM overexpression or depletion, we find that CaM is necessary for modulating CaV1.3 through S1475. (3) CaMKII activation led to CaV1.3_WT‐current properties similar to those of CaV1.3_S1475D, but did not affect CaV1.3_S1475A, confirming that CaMKII modulates human CaV1.3 via S1475. Given the physiological and pathophysiological importance of CaV1.3, our findings on the S1475‐mediated interplay of phosphorylation, CaM interaction and CDI provide hints for approaches on specific CaV1.3 modulation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
imageKey points
Phosphorylation modulates activity of voltage‐gated L‐type calcium channels for specific cellular needs but is largely unexplored for human CaV1.3 channels.
Here we report that S1475, a CaMKII phosphorylation site identified in rats, is functionally relevant in human CaV1.3.
Imitating phosphorylation states at S1475 alters current density and inactivation in a calmodulin‐dependent manner.
In wildtype CaV1.3 but not in the phosphorylation‐resistant variant S1475A, CaMKII activation elicits effects similar to constitutively mimicking phosphorylation at S1475.
Our findings provide novel insights on the interplay of modulatory mechanisms of human CaV1.3 channels, and present a possible target for CaV1.3‐specific gating modulation in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Stereocilia fusion pathology in the cochlear outer hair cells at the nanoscale level
Authors: Ikäheimo Kuu , Leinonen Saija , Lankinen Tuuli , Lindahl Maria , Saarma Mart , Pirvola Ulla 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe hair bundle of cochlear hair cells comprises specialized microvilli, the stereocilia, which fulfil the role of mechanotransduction. Genetic defects and environmental noise challenge the maintenance of hair bundle structure, critically contributing to age‐related hearing loss. Stereocilia fusion is a major component of the hair bundle pathology in mature hair cells, but its role in hearing loss and its molecular basis are poorly understood. Here, we utilized super‐resolution expansion microscopy to examine the molecular anatomy of outer hair cell stereocilia fusion in mouse models of age‐related hearing loss, heightened endoplasmic reticulum stress and prolonged noise exposure. Prominent stereocilia fusion in our model of heightened endoplasmic reticulum stress, Manf (Mesencephalic astrocyte‐derived neurotrophic factor)‐inactivated mice in a background with Cadherin 23 missense mutation, impaired mechanotransduction and calcium balance in stereocilia. This was indicated by reduced FM1‐43 dye uptake through the mechanotransduction channels, reduced neuroplastin/PMCA2 expression and increased expression of the calcium buffer oncomodulin inside stereocilia. Sparse BAIAP2L2 and myosin 7a expression was retained in the fused stereocilia but mislocalized away from their functional sites at the tips. These hair bundle abnormalities preceded cell soma degeneration, suggesting a sequela from stereociliary molecular perturbations to cell death signalling. In the age‐related hearing loss and noise‐exposure models, stereocilia fusion was more restricted within the bundles, yet both models exhibited oncomodulin upregulation at the fusion sites, implying perturbed calcium homeostasis. We conclude that stereocilia fusion is linked with the failure to maintain cellular proteostasis and with disturbances in stereociliary calcium balance.
imageKey points
Stereocilia fusion is a hair cell pathology causing hearing loss.
Inactivation of Manf, a component of the endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis machinery, has a cell‐intrinsic mode of action in triggering outer hair cell stereocilia fusion and the death of these cells.
The genetic background with Cadherin 23 missense mutation contributes to the high susceptibility of outer hair cells to stereocilia fusion, evidenced in Manf‐inactivated mice and in the mouse models of early‐onset hearing loss and noise exposure.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress feeds to outer hair cell stereocilia bundle pathology and impairs the molecular anatomy of calcium regulation.
The maintenance of the outer hair cell stereocilia bundle cohesion is challenged by intrinsic and extrinsic stressors, and understanding the underlying mechanisms will probably benefit the development of interventions to promote hearing health.
Experimental Analysis of Robotic Cortical Bone Specimen Drilling Performance: Effect of Cryogen
Authors: Ha Ju-Hyung , Choe Joon-Hyeok , Seo Jae-Woo , Kim Ji-Soo , Kim Dong Min 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In orthopedic surgery, precise bone screw insertion is crucial for stabilizing fractures, necessitating a preliminary cortical bone drilling procedure. However, this process can induce temperatures exceeding 70 °C due to the low thermal conductivity of cortical bone, potentially leading to thermal osteonecrosis. Furthermore, significant cutting forces and torque pose risks of tool breakage and bone damage, underlining the need for high precision and optimal processing parameters. Traditionally, drilling relies on the surgeon's experience and often results in imprecise outcomes due to inconsistent feed rates. Therefore, this study proposes the use of a 6-axis robot for controlled drilling, offering precise control over angular velocities and consistent feed rates. Additionally, explore the use of cryogenic liquid nitrogen (LN2) as a novel cooling method compared to conventional saline solutions, examining its efficacy under various cutting conditions. The results demonstrate that LN2 cooling conditions lead to a reduction in thrust and torque under specific processing conditions, and facilitate smoother chip evacuation. Additionally, LN2 significantly lowers the peak temperature around the drilling site, thus minimizing the risk of thermal osteonecrosis. Consequently, the use of a 6-axis robot provides consistent feed rates, and LN2 cooling achieves optimal processing conditions, enabling a more controlled and effective drilling process.
NOx Emissions Assessment of a Multijet Burner Operated With Premixed High Hydrogen Natural Gas Blends
Authors: Jaeschke Alexander , Ćosić Bernhard , Wassmer Dominik , Paschereit Christian Oliver 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Decarbonization of gas turbine combustion creates a pressing demand for new technical solutions for the combustion process. While switching to hydrogen fuels may solve the problem of carbon emissions and associated pollutants, it can also lead to stability issues for swirl-stabilized combustors due to its increased reactivity. However, with jet flame burner systems, the required flashback safety can be achieved with high axial flow velocities even for premixed combustion of 100% hydrogen fuel. The development of such an engineering solution, however, requires significant effort to reach the maturity of today's swirl burners. This study examines the capacity of a premixed multitube jet burner to manage the chemical reactivity change over a range of volumetric blends from pure natural gas (NG) to pure hydrogen fuel. NOx emissions are measured and analyzed for atmospheric tests. The changes in emissions originate not only from altered combustion chemistry but also from changes in flame shape and turbulence intensity. To get a deeper understanding of the NOx formation process, a low-order model is designed and compared to the experimental data of technically and perfectly premixed combustion tests. Parameter variations of the low-order model are conducted to assess the influences on the NOx emission production of the multijet burner. The information on the combustion process required for the model is obtained computationally and experimentally. Therefore, flame images are recorded and analyzed.
EfpA is required for regrowth of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
following isoniazid exposure
Authors: Roberts Adam H. , Moon Christopher W. , Faulkner Valwynne , Kendall Sharon L. , Waddell Simon J. , Bacon Joanna 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Efflux of antibiotics is an important survival strategy in bacteria.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
has approximately sixty efflux pumps, but little is known about the role of each pump or the substrates they efflux. The putative efflux pump, EfpA, is a member of the major facilitator superfamily and has been shown to be essential by saturation transposon mutagenesis studies. It has been implicated in the efflux of isoniazid (INH), which is a first-line drug used to treat tuberculosis (TB). This is supported by evidence from transcriptional profiling showing that
efpA
is induced in response to INH exposure. However, its roles in the physiology and adaptation of
M. tuberculosis
to antibiotics have yet to be determined. In this study, we describe the repression of
efpA
in
M. tuberculosis,
using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) to knockdown the expression of this essential gene and the direct effect of this on the ability of
M. tuberculosis
to survive exposure to INH over a 45-day time course. We determined that wild-type levels of
efpA
were required for recovery of
M. tuberculosis
following INH exposure and that, after 45 days of INH exposure, only a few viable colonies were recoverable from
efpA
-repressed
M. tuberculosis
. We conclude that EfpA is required for recovery of
M. tuberculosis
following INH exposure, which could reduce the efficacy of INH
in vivo
, and that EfpA may have a role in the development of resistance during drug therapy.