bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of mental health nurses' beliefs and knowledge of medication on their use of strategies to improve medication adherence
Authors: Drori Tal , Guetta Hava , Ben Natan Merav , Polakevich Yaakov 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDespite the proven efficiency of medication for mental illness, research indicates low patient adherence to medication. Nonetheless, only few studies have directly examined the relationship between nurse beliefs and knowledge, and their use of strategies to improve patient adherence to psychiatric medication. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to clarify nurses' views, beliefs about, and knowledge of psychiatric medication affect their inclination to implement various strategies to improve patient adherence. One hundred nurses working at an Israeli psychiatric hospital participated in the study. Self‐completed questionnaires were distributed. The research findings showed that nurses' levels of knowledge of psychiatric medication were moderate, but their beliefs of taking psychiatric medication were positive. The findings also showed that the higher the nurses' age and seniority, as well as their positive beliefs about taking medication, the higher their probability of implementing strategies to improve patient adherence to medication. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between positive beliefs about the nursing staff on taking medication and the staff's utilization of strategies to improve patient adherence to medication. The current study shows that nurses' traits and beliefs affect their use of strategies promoting mental health patient adherence to medication and the enhancement of these strategies.
Effect of Star Anise (Illicium verum) on the Volatile Compounds of Stewed Chicken
Authors: Sun Lingxia , Chen Jinping , Li Miaoyun , Liu Yanxia , Zhao Gaiming 
Published: February 2014

AbstractElectronic nose and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were used to analyze the effect of star anise on the stewed chicken flavor. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of the electronic nose data suggested that star anise had effect on the stewed chicken flavor. The electronic nose was able to detect a clearer difference in volatile profile of stewed chicken using LDA than using PCA. GC–MS analysis showed that the composition and proportions of volatile compounds were greatly changed, and a spicy flavor was imparted to the stewed chicken with the addition of star anise. Compared with the control group, the peak area and percentage composition of aldehydes increased with the addition of star anise, whereas that of volatile compounds derived from Maillard reaction decreased. Fourteen and 16 key odor compounds were assigned by relative odor activity value (ROAV) in the control group and the star anise group, respectively, including aldehydes, alcohols, esters and sulfur‐containing compounds. The result of cluster analysis showed that ROAV was practicable to assign the key odor compounds of stewed chicken.Practical ApplicationsPot‐stewed meat products are well‐accepted because of their unique flavors. Spices have significant contributions to the formation of the flavors. Star anise is one of the most widely used spices in traditional Chinese pot‐stewed meat products. However, the effect of spice on meat flavor has not been widely studied, and the mechanism by which spice affects the flavor development is unclear, which limits the modernization of traditional meat products. This study suggested that the addition of star anise just changed the composition and proportions of volatile compounds and imparted a spicy flavor to the stewed chicken. The key odor compounds of meat products have made significant contributions to the overall flavor and determine the overall flavor. In this study, the key odor compounds of stewed chicken were assigned. These results may be helpful for further study of the mechanism whereby spices affect the flavors of traditional Chinese pot‐stewed meat products.
Investigation of Migration Model of Printing Inks on Paper Packaging
Authors: Gao Song , Wang Zhi‐Wei , Hu Chang‐Ying , Wu Yu‐Mei 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe printed packaging was divided into ink layer and paper layer. The migration model was developed based on penetration and Fick's second law. hm and KF,P at the interface of the paper and the food were considered in the model. After the penetration of the ink, the distribution of the contaminant in the paper layer was discrepant for paper with different thickness. The model could be simplified to be single‐layer or two‐layer packaging model in special cases. Three special cases of the model were validated: (1) special case 1 of the model was a single‐layer model just considering hm at the interface. This special model was compared with the classical model; (2) special case 2 of the model was also a single‐layer model validated by experimental data in reference; and (3) special case 3 was the two‐layer model validated by experimental data in reference. The model was proven to be effective by above validation.Practical ApplicationsThe use of migration models to evaluate the safety of plastic food packaging is economical and time‐saving compared with the experiments. As the second important packaging material, paper packaging is widely used for its environmental friendliness. However, up until now, there is no general migration model of paper packaging. A migration model of the contaminants from the inks on paper packaging was developed to predict them in different packaged food under certain migration conditions. Diffusion, partition and mass transfer coefficients were introduced to the model for better prediction. The simplified model can be used for other packaging materials and single or multilayer packaging. This model can help to design packages with acceptable migration of the contaminants.
Semi‐Dry Method for Improving Emulsification of Soybean Protein Isolate
Authors: Li Xiangyang , Liu Chuanfu , Dong Haizhou , Zhang Xinwen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTo increase the emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of soybean protein isolate (SPI), the semi‐dry method was used to modify SPI via cross‐linking with malt dextrin (MD). The central composite design based on the response surface methodology was applied to study the effects of MD content added, water content added, reaction temperature and time on the emulsifying properties of SPI, and the regression models were established between the emulsifying properties and different factors. The results showed that the emulsifying activity of the modified SPI was 71.9 m2/g, and its emulsion stability was 91.2% under the optimum conditions of 39% MD added, 18% water content and modified at 65C for 8.4 h.Practical ApplicationsEmulsification of soybean protein isolate (SPI) can improve the food's structure and flavor. However, its emulsibility is low, which restricts its application in the food industry. In this study, the semi‐dry method is first used to improve the emulsibility of SPI, which has the advantages as those of the wet and dry methods, i.e., it has a high productivity and reduces environmental pollution and production costs.
Relationship between hepatitis B virus genotype B and C and response to interferon therapy in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kong Ling‐Na , Qin Bo , Ma Qian , Li Lin , Yao Yu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsPrevious studies examining the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype B and C and response to interferon therapy in Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients have yielded conflicting results. We aim to summarize data to reach firm conclusions on the role of HBV genotype B and C in response to interferon therapy.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant articles published up to March 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by fixed‐ or random‐effects models. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also assessed.ResultsFifteen studies were identified. All studies except for those evaluating the rate of end‐of‐treatment HBeAg seroconversion exhibited significant heterogeneity. There were significant differences in rates of end‐of‐treatment alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization, HBV DNA negative, and HBeAg seroconversion between the genotype B and genotype C groups, but not in HBeAg clearance. The pooled results showed higher rates of sustained ALT normalization (OR = 2.24, 95%CI 1.53–3.27), HBV DNA negative (OR = 2.60, 95%CI 1.65–4.12), HBeAg clearance (OR = 2.13, 95%CI 1.29–3.52) and HBeAg seroconversion (OR = 1.95, 95%CI 1.27–2.98) in patients with genotype B than those with genotype C. The sensitivity analysis did not alter the effects observed in the primary analysis. There was no evidence of publication bias except for HBeAg clearance rate.ConclusionsThe results of the current meta‐analysis indicate that HBV genotype B patients receiving interferon therapy respond better to treatment compared with genotype C patients, but this needs to be further examined.
Adiponectin polymorphisms and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease risk: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jun , Guo Xu‐Feng , Yu Shi‐Jie , Song Jia , Zhang Ji‐Xiang , Cao Zhuo , Wang Jing , Ji Meng‐Yao , Dong Wei‐Guo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground and AimThe adiponectin polymorphism has been implicated in susceptibility to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the results remain inconclusive. The aim of this meta‐analysis is to investigate the association between adiponectin polymorphisms and NAFLD risk.MethodsAll eligible case–control studies published up to September 2013 were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. Effect sizes of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated by using a fixed‐ or random‐effect model.ResultsA total of 10 case–control studies were included; of those, there were nine studies (1223 cases and 1580 controls) for +45T>G polymorphism, seven studies (876 cases and 989 controls) for +276G>T polymorphism, and three studies (299 cases and 383 controls) for −11337C>G polymorphism. Overall, a significantly increased risk was found for +45T>G and −11377C>G polymorphism (+45T>G: OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06–2.00 for recessive model, OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.07–2.06 for GG vs TT; −11377C>G: OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10–2.09 for dominant model, OR = 3.88, 95% CI: 1.29–11.68 for GG vs CC), while for +276G>T polymorphism, we found a significantly decreased risk between them (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45–0.94 for recessive model, OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40–0.84 for TT vs GG). In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant association was detected among Asians for +276G>T polymorphism, but not for +45T>G polymorphism. Besides, none of the three adiponectin polymorphisms was associated with the serum adiponectin levels.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis suggests that adiponectin +45T>G and −11377C>G polymorphisms might be a risk factor for NAFLD, while +276G>T polymorphism may be a protective factor for NAFLD among Asians.
Adolescent and young adult medicine is a special and specific area of medical practice
Authors: Steinbeck Kate , Towns Susan , Bennett David 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAdolescent and young adult medicine is a concept that has gained traction in the last decade or so. The medical literature has come primarily from oncology. Advances in neuroscience that document continuing brain development into the third decade, and research that shows risk behaviours associated with adolescence both remain and may increase in the third decade, have been two of the drivers in the conversation around linking these two age groups together as a medical practice group. A third driver of importance is transition care in chronic illness, where older adolescents and young adults continue to have difficulties making effective linkages with adult care. The case for specific training in adolescent and young adult medicine, including the developmental concepts behind it, the benefits of the delineation and the particular challenges in the Australian health‐care system, are discussed. On balance, there is a strong case for managing the health issues of adolescents and young adults together. This scenario does not fit easily with the age demarcations that are in place in acute care facilities. However, this is less the case in community services and can work in focused private practice. Such a situation suggests that both paediatric and adult physicians might be interested in adolescent and young adult medicine training and practice.
Growing pains and periodic limb movements of sleep in children
Authors: Wong Man Wai , Williamson Bruce D , Qiu Wen , Champion David , Teng Arthur 
Published: February 2014

AimTo investigate whether there was any association between growing pains (GP) and periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS) in children referred for polysomnography (PSG), in light of the possible shared genetic determinants between GP and restless legs syndrome.MethodsRecords of all 903 children who underwent PSG at a paediatric hospital between January 2009 and May 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Children aged 3–16 years, without neuromuscular or neurological/developmental disorders who were seen by a single sleep physician were included in the analysis. Data extracted included: current GP, PLMS index, mixed obstructive apnoea/hypopnoea index and patient demographics. GP was diagnosed in the pre‐PSG consultation.ResultsGP was recorded in 43 of the eligible 230 children referred for PSG of whom 25.6% had a PLMS index ≥5/h, significantly higher than in the children without GP (10.2%) (odds ratio 3.04, χ2 = 6.0, P = 0.014). The adjusted odds ratio for the association between GP and PLMS remained significant at 2.53 (95% CI 1.1–6.1, P < 0.05). A PLMS index ≥5/h was recorded in 30 of the 230 participants. GP and PLMS were also significantly multivariately associated with restlessness as the indication for PSG.ConclusionsChildren with GP were three times more likely to have a PLMS index ≥5/h than children without GP on PSG. These results suggest that GP may be associated with PLMS, giving greater support for the hypothesis that GP might lie on the phenotypic spectrum of restless legs syndrome.
Randomized Controlled Trials in the Journal of Sexual Medicine: A Quality Assessment and Relevant Clinical Impact
Authors: Jo Jung Ki , Chung Jae Hoon , Kim Kyu Shik , Lee Jeong Woo , Lee Seung Wook 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Quality assessment of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is important to prevent the adoption of findings of low-quality trials into clinical practice.

Aim
The aim if this study was to analyze the quality of studies reporting RCTs in the Journal of Sexual Medicine (JSM) and to find relevant clinical impact.

Methods
A quality assessment was conducted in all studies identified as RCTs published in the JSM from 2004 to 2012. The review period was divided into three periods: early (2004–2006), mid (2007–2009), and late (2010–2012).

Main Outcome Measures
The Jadad scale, van Tulder scale, and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (CCRBT) quality scoring instruments were used. The RCTs were also categorized by country of origin, topic, the inclusion of institutional review board (IRB) approval, funding, citation rate, and impact factor.

Results
A total of 2,418 original articles were published in the JSM during the review period, and 188 were reports of RCTs. There were 39 (14.89%), 70 (7.77%), and 76 (6.29%) RCTs published during the early, mid, and late terms, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). No significant increases in Jadad or van Tulder scale scores were found over time nor were there any significant changes in the number of low-risk articles as assessed by the CCRBT. However, significant differences in quality analysis were found in funding and IRB approval. Citation rates and impact factor were not correlated with RCT quality using any of the tools.

Conclusions
The number of original articles and RCTs published in the JSM increased over time. However, the ratio of RCTs to original articles did not increase significantly. Adequate randomization and blinding methods, IRB review, and financial support are required for the conduct of high-quality RCTs.
YmoA negatively controls the expression of insecticidal genes in Yersinia enterocolitica
Authors: Starke Mandy , Fuchs Thilo M. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryYersinia enterocolitica is toxic towards invertebrates due to the presence of the toxin complex (tc) genes that are activated by the thermolabile regulator TcaR2. In the search for further regulatory factors involved in insecticidal gene expression, the modulator of yersinial virulence, YmoA, was identified to silence all tc genes of the Y. enterocolitica strain W22703 (biovar 2, serovar O:9). Using promoter fusions with the luciferase reporter, we found that the deletion of ymoA results in elevated transcription of tcaR1, tcaR2, tcaA, tcaB, tcaC, tccC1 and tccC2 at both 15°C and 37°C. Complementation by episomal ymoA significantly reduced tc gene expression, thus validating the inhibitory activity of YmoA on the production of insecticidal proteins. YmoA contributes to the binding properties of H‐NS to the tc promoters by forming a complex with this nucleoid‐associated protein, and this complex not only binds to the upstream regions of all tc genes, but also to intragenic sites of tcaA and tcaB that play an important role in controlling the expression of both genes. At low temperature, the intracellular amount of thermostable YmoA is not reduced, but the repressor is less functional. These data point to H‐NS/YmoA as an antagonist of the inducer TcaR2.
How accurate is self‐reported BMI?
Authors: Gosse M. A. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryBody mass index (BMI) is a common research measure used to allocate the weight of study participants into broad groups, typically underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese categories. Some studies measure the actual height and weight of participants to calculate a measured BMI score but many rely on self‐reported height and weight. This paper examines the accuracy of BMI categories based on self‐reported height and weight compared with measured data. It critiques the use of mean differences between measured and self‐reported BMI scores as a measure of self‐reported BMI accuracy. It also demonstrates how reliance on proportion changes in BMI categories as a result of using self‐reported BMI scores fails to demonstrate the extent that participants are misclassified into an incorrect BMI category. The paper also examines actual rates of misclassification for BMI categories, using the obesity category as an example. The association of sociodemographic factors with BMI accuracy is also considered, as well as the technical feasibility of using correction factors to improve the accuracy of self‐reported BMI. The main finding is that self‐reported BMI score and associated BMI category tend to be underestimated. Also, the self‐reported BMI misclassification rate appears to increase as measured BMI score increases, with obese study participants in particular being most likely to be misclassified. No correction method has been found that will adjust accurately for misclassification based on self‐reported BMI. The analysis suggests that self‐reported BMI may have major limitations for use in public health research and policy‐making decisions.
Diet modelling: How it can inform the development of dietary recommendations and public health policy
Authors: Buttriss J. L. , Briend A. , Darmon N. , Ferguson E. L. , Maillot M. , Lluch A. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryWith the global population expected to increase to 9 billion by 2050 coupled with concerns about food security in relation to climate change and increasing prosperity in many parts of the world causing desire for a less monotonous diet, efficient use of resources such as food becomes ever more important. While the prevalence of obesity is a cause for concern in many parts of the world, many people still go to bed hungry, and in many communities, obesity co‐exists with poor diet quality. The result is a series of complex and challenging nutrition problems, such as the access to nutritionally adequate and affordable diets and the development of dietary recommendations. Diet modelling is a useful tool to help identify solutions to such complex questions and this paper summarises a session on this topic at the International Congress of Nutrition that took place in September 2013.
The small phytoplasma virulence effector SAP11 contains distinct domains required for nuclear targeting and CIN‐TCP binding and destabilization
Authors: Sugio Akiko , MacLean Allyson M. , Hogenhout Saskia A. 
Published: February 2014

Summary

Phytoplasmas are insect‐transmitted bacterial phytopathogens that secrete virulence effectors and induce changes in the architecture and defense response of their plant hosts. We previously demonstrated that the small (± 10 kDa) virulence effector SAP11 of Aster Yellows phytoplasma strain Witches' Broom (AY‐WB) binds and destabilizes Arabidopsis CIN (CINCINNATA) TCP (TEOSINTE‐BRANCHED, CYCLOIDEA, PROLIFERATION FACTOR 1 AND 2) transcription factors, resulting in dramatic changes in leaf morphogenesis and increased susceptibility to phytoplasma insect vectors. SAP11 contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) that targets this effector to plant cell nuclei.

To further understand how SAP11 functions, we assessed the involvement of SAP11 regions in TCP binding and destabilization using a series of mutants.

SAP11 mutants lacking the entire N‐terminal domain, including the NLS, interacted with TCPs but did not destabilize them. SAP11 mutants lacking the C‐terminal domain were impaired in both binding and destabilization of TCPs. These SAP11 mutants did not alter leaf morphogenesis. A SAP11 mutant that did not accumulate in plant nuclei (SAP11ΔNLS‐NES) was able to bind and destabilize TCP transcription factors, but instigated weaker changes in leaf morphogenesis than wild‐type SAP11.

Overall the results suggest that phytoplasma effector SAP11 has a modular organization in which at least three domains are required for efficient CIN‐TCP destabilization in plants.
Varied clinical course of aplastic crisis in hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Kataoka Akihiro , Doi Shoichi , Suemori Shinichiro , Nakanishi Hidekazu , Jonen Daisuke , Mori Mioko , Mizushima Yasuhiro , Wakazono Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study is the first to report a familial case involving differing clinical courses of aplastic crisis triggered by parvovirus B19 in two patients with HS, although similar eosin‐5‐maleimide‐binding test and sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results had been obtained for both. One patient had short‐term mild symptoms, whereas the other patient developed severe anemia that required blood transfusion, experienced fever for 13 days, and did not have any rash. The severity of aplastic crisis is reported to be correlated with the severity of the underlying hemolytic anemia; the present findings show that the severity of infection should also be considered as an important predictive factor of the severity of aplastic crisis.