bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Malignant Transformation of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone 41 Years After Primary Surgery
Authors: Kadowaki Masaru , Yamamoto Soichiro , Uchio Yuji 
Published: October 2012

Giant cell tumor of bone is an uncommon benign tumor that frequently recurs locally. Spontaneous malignant transformation of conventional giant cell tumor of bone is rare and usually occurs with irradiation.
This article describes a case of malignant transformation of a giant cell tumor 41 years after initial curettage and subsequent resection. A 68-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of left hip pain. He had been diagnosed 41 years previously with giant cell tumor in the left femoral neck treated by simple curettage and bone grafting, followed by resection of the femoral head 1 year later for local recurrence. On presentation, radiographs revealed a destructive lesion in the left proximal femur. Incisional biopsy revealed recurrence of giant cell tumor with suspected malignant transformation. The patient underwent en bloc resection of the proximal femur with adequately wide margins and reconstruction of the hip joint with a prosthesis. Pathological findings showed malignant transformation of a giant cell tumor to osteosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. No recurrence or metastasis developed during 2-year follow-up. Benign local recurrences usually arise in the first 3 postoperative years, whereas malignant transformation tends to take longer than 3 years. To the authors’ knowledge, the 41-year interval from primary surgery to diagnosis of malignancy for the current patient is the longest interval reported among cases in which patients received no radiation therapy.
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Induced by Rare Chronic Tophaceous Gout in a 29-year-old Man
Authors: Lu Feizhou , Jiang Jianyuan , Zhang Fan , Xia Xinlei , Wang Lixun , Ma Xiaosheng 
Published: October 2012

Spinal gout is rare in patients younger than 45 years, occurring most commonly between ages 45 and 80 years. This article describes a 29-year-old man with a history of gout initially observed more than 20 years previously who presented with lower back pain and left lower limb weakness. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed severely damaged facet joints and laminae surrounding L4-S1, and materials with a granular, yellow, cheese-like appearance were observed under direct vision. Postoperative histological examination confirmed spinal gout. Complete posterior decompression was performed concurrently with interbody fusion at L4-L5 and L5-S1. Seventeen-month follow-up revealed good recovery.
The mechanism by which urate crystals form preferentially in the spine as opposed to more common soft tissue sites is not well understood. Most reported spinal gout cases were located at L4-S1, which were believed to be the segments with high stresses. These cases occurred in older patients with degenerative spinal diseases and had trauma as indicators. The current authors presume that gout is more likely to exist in the mobile regions with high pressure, such as L4-S1, even in individuals with an initially healthy spine, especially with a long period of abnormal renal dysfunction. Although it is often overlooked in young patients, this condition may be more common than the literature suggests due to the high potential for misdiagnosis in relatively young patients.
SCoT est-il plus SAGE ?
Authors: Barone Sylvain 
Published: October 2012

Les politiques d’aménagement du territoire ont un impact direct sur la ressource en eau et les milieux aquatiques. C’est la raison pour laquelle il est exigé, depuis la loi française du 21 avril 2004, que les schémas de cohérence territoriale (SCoT), qui déterminent les orientations générales de l’organisation de l’espace local, soient compatibles avec les schémas d’aménagement et de gestion des eaux (SAGE), qui fixent des objectifs généraux d’utilisation, de mise en valeur, de protection quantitative et qualitative de la ressource en eau à l’échelle du bassin versant. Mais qu’en est-il dans la pratique ? À partir de trois terrains français contrastés (Arc provençal, basse vallée de l’Ain et bassin de Thau), nous observons que le degré d’articulation entre SAGE et SCoT est extrêmement variable selon les endroits et cherchons à rendre compte de ces différences. À l’issue de notre enquête, il apparaît que l’évolution de la législation ne constitue pas en soi une garantie de meilleure prise en compte de l’eau dans l’aménagement du territoire. Cette prise en compte dépend beaucoup plus de la manière dont est défini l’intérêt général local en fonction de compromis validés et diffusés par les acteurs politiques dominants au sein des territoires concernés.
Inflammatory Signals Direct Expression of Human IL12RB1 into Multiple Distinct Isoforms
Authors: Ford Nicole R. , Miller Halli E. , Reeme Allison E. , Waukau Jill , Bengtson Christine , Routes John M. , Robinson Richard T. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
IL12RB1 is essential for human resistance to multiple intracellular pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In its absence, the proinflammatory effects of the extracellular cytokines IL-12 and IL-23 fail to occur, and intracellular bacterial growth goes unchecked. Given the recent observation that mouse leukocytes express more than one isoform from il12rb1, we examined whether primary human leukocytes similarly express more than one isoform from IL12RB1. We observed that human leukocytes express as many as 13 distinct isoforms, the relative levels of each being driven by inflammatory stimuli both in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, the most abundant isoform present before stimulation is a heretofore uncharacterized intracellular form of the IL-12R (termed “isoform 2”) that presumably has limited contact with extracellular cytokine. After stimulation, primary PBMCs, including the CD4+, CD8+, and CD56+ lineages contained therein, alter the splicing of IL12RB1 RNA to increase the relative abundance of isoform 1, which confers IL-12/IL-23 responsiveness. These data demonstrate both a posttranscriptional mechanism by which cells regulate their IL-12/IL-23 responsiveness, and that leukocytes primarily express IL12RB1 in an intracellular form located away from extracellular cytokine.
Cutting Edge: IL-1β Processing during Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection Is Mediated by Neutrophil Serine Proteases and Is Independent of NLRC4 and Caspase-1
Authors: Karmakar Mausita , Sun Yan , Hise Amy G. , Rietsch Arne , Pearlman Eric 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
To examine the role of caspase-1 and the NLRC4 inflammasome during bacterial infection, C57BL/6, IL-1β−/−, caspase-1−/−, and NLRC4−/− mouse corneas were infected with ExoS/T- or ExoU-expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We found that IL-1β was essential for neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance and was produced by myeloid cells rather than resident cells. In addition, neutrophils were found to be the primary source of mature IL-1β during infection, and there was no significant difference in IL-1β processing between C57BL/6 and caspase-1−/− or NLRC4−/− infected corneas. IL-1β cleavage by human and mouse neutrophils was blocked by serine protease inhibitors and was impaired in infected neutrophil elastase (NE)−/− corneas. NE−/− mice also had an impaired ability to clear the infection. Together, these results demonstrate that during P. aeruginosa infection, neutrophils are the primary source of mature IL-1β and that IL-1β processing is dependent on serine proteases and not NLRC4 or caspase-1.
TCR-Redirected Human T Cells Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus Replication: Hepatotoxic Potential Is Linked to Antigen Specificity and Functional Avidity
Authors: Pasetto Anna , Frelin Lars , Aleman Soo , Holmström Fredrik , Brass Anette , Ahlén Gustaf , Brenndörfer Erwin D. , Lohmann Volker , Bartenschlager Ralf , Sällberg Matti , Bertoletti Antonio , Chen Margaret 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Virus-specific CTL with high levels of functional avidity have been associated with viral clearance in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and with enhanced protective immunity. In chronic HCV infection, lack of antiviral CTL is frequently observed. In this study, we aim to investigate novel HCV TCRs that differ in Ag specificity. This involved isolating new HCV-specific murine TCRs that recognize a conserved HLA-A2–restricted CTL epitope within the nonstructural protein (NS) 5A viral protein and comparing them with TCRs recognizing another conserved CTL target in the NS3 viral protein. This was done by expressing the TCRs in human T cells and analyzing the function of the resulting TCR-transduced T cells. Our result indicates that these TCRs are efficiently assembled in transduced human T cells. They recognize peptide-loaded targets and demonstrate polyfunctional features such as IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α secretion. However, in contrast to NS3-specific TCRs, the NS5A TCR-transduced T cells consist of a smaller proportion of polyfunctional T cells and require more peptide ligands to trigger the effector functions, including degranulation. Despite the differences, NS5A TCRs show effective inhibition of HCV replication in human hepatoma cells with persistent HCV RNA replication. Moreover, cellular injury demonstrated by aspartate aminotransferase release and cell death is less significant in the hepatoma cells following coincubation with NS5A TCR-transduced T cells, which is a property consistent with noncytotoxic antiviral CTLs. Our results suggest that HCV TCR-transduced T cells may be promising for the treatment of patients with chronic HCV infections.
Three Decades of Public Expenditure Management in Zimbabwe
Authors: Zhou Gideon 
Published: October 2012

Sound public expenditure management forms the bedrock of public administration. It facilitates producence, efficiency, transparency and accountability in expenditure processes at various levels of government. This serves as a long term barricade aginst debt trap. This article responds to these fundamental concerns by examining the nature, processes and challenges of public expenditure management in Zimbabwe. Reviews of expenditure management systems in Zimbabwe show general consistence with those in Anglophone Africa. Ministries of finance, working closely with spending ministries, Accounting Officers, Public Accounts Committees of Parliament, Auditor Generals and internal auditors-constitute key players in the public expenditure management process. Notwithstanding this, overall expenditure over the decades remained sticky downwards due to inflationary pressures, unbudgeted expenditures and weak expenditure management systems. Robust mesaures should be put in place to institutionalise a culture of compliance with extant expenditure management frameworks at both the macro and micro levels of government.
Encapsulated Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Producing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Have a Beneficial Effect on Failing Pig Hearts
Authors: Wright Elizabeth J. , Farrell Kelly A. , Malik Nadim , Kassem Moustapha , Lewis Andrew L. , Wallrapp Christine , Holt Cathy M. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Stem cell therapy is an exciting and emerging treatment option to promote post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) healing; however, cell retention and efficacy in the heart remain problematic. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone with cardioprotective properties but a short half-life in vivo. The effects of prolonged GLP-1 delivery from stromal cells post-MI were evaluated in a porcine model. Human mesenchymal stem cells immortalized and engineered to produce a GLP-1 fusion protein were encapsulated in alginate (bead-GLP-1 MSC) and delivered to coronary artery branches. Control groups were cell-free beads and beads containing unmodified MSCs (bead-MSC), n = 4–5 per group. Echocardiography confirmed left ventricular (LV) dysfunction at time of delivery in all groups. Four weeks after intervention, only the bead-GLP-1 MSC group demonstrated LV function improvement toward baseline and showed decreased infarction area compared with controls. Histological analysis showed reduced inflammation and a trend toward reduced apoptosis in the infarct zone. Increased collagen but fewer myofibroblasts were observed in infarcts of the bead-GLP-1 MSC and bead-MSC groups, and significantly more vessels per mm2 were noted in the infarct of the bead-GLP-1 MSC group. No differences were observed in myocyte cross-sectional area between groups. Post-MI delivery of GLP-1 encapsulated genetically modified MSCs provided a prolonged supply of GLP-1 and paracrine stem cell factors, which improved LV function and reduced epicardial infarct size. This was associated with increased angiogenesis and an altered remodeling response. Combined benefits of paracrine stem cell factors and GLP-1 were superior to those of stem cells alone. These results suggest that encapsulated genetically modified MSCs would be beneficial for recovery following MI.
Synthesis of polymers from chiral monomers in chiral liquid crystals
Authors: Ohkawa Satoshi , Yang Fan , Kawabata Kohsuke , Goto Hiromasa 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPolymer prepared from a monomer ((S)‐configuration at stereogenic center) in a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) medium consisting of chiral molecules in (R)‐configuration, a three‐dimensional (3D) chiral continuum, exhibits intense Cotton effect compared to polymer prepared in the CLC with (S)‐configuration. This result can be explained by intermolecular interaction between the monomer and the CLC medium in the polymerization process. The intramolecular twisted structure along the polymer chain (secondary structure) and the helical aggregation between the polymer chains (intermolecular structure and tertiary structure) induced by the liquid crystal medium as 3D chiral continuum are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Gene‐carried chitosan‐linked polyethylenimine induced high gene transfection efficiency on dendritic cells
Authors: Chen Yu‐Zhe , Yao Xing‐Lei , Ruan Gui‐Xin , Zhao Qing‐Qing , Tang Gu‐Ping , Tabata Yasuhiko , Gao Jian‐Qing 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA dendritic cell (DC) networking system has become an attractive approach in cancer immunotherapy. Successful DC gene engineering depends on the development of transgene vectors. A cationic polymer, chitosan‐linked polyethylenimine (PEI) (CP), possessing the advantages of both PEI and chitosan, has been applied in nonviral transfection of DCs. Physicochemical evaluation showed that CP/DNA complexes could form cationic nanoparticles. Compared with DCs transfected with commercial reagent, Lipofectamine2000, it showed higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity when DCs were transfected with CP/DNA complexes. A nuclear trafficking observation of CP/DNA complexes by a confocal laser scanning microscope further revealed that the CP could help DNA enter into the cytoplasm and finally into the nucleus of a DC. Finally, vaccination of DCs transfected with CP/DNA encoding gp100 slightly improved resistance to the B16BL6 melanoma challenge. This is the first report that CP polymer is used as a nonviral vector for DC gene delivery and DC vaccine. Essentially, these results might be helpful to design a promising nonviral vector for DC gene delivery.
Modulation of Golgi‐associated microtubule nucleation throughout the cell cycle
Authors: Maia Ana Rita Ramada , Zhu Xiaodong , Miller Paul , Gu Guoqiang , Maiato Helder , Kaverina Irina 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA microtubule (MT) subpopulation that emanates from Golgi membrane has been recently shown to comprise a significant part of MT network in interphase cells. In this study, we address whether Golgi membrane, which is being extensively remodeled throughout the cell cycle, retains its ability to nucleate MTs at diverse cell cycle stages. Live cell imaging and immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that Golgi‐derived MTs form at multiple stages of the cell cycle, including G1, G2, and distinct phases of mitosis. However, the capacity of Golgi to nucleate MTs in mitosis is strongly down‐regulated as compared with interphase, indicating that this property is cell cycle regulated. We demonstrate that Golgi‐derived MTs are indispensable for efficient Golgi assembly in telophase, and speculate that these noncentrosomal MTs may hold specific functions at other cell cycle stages. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Comparing contractile apparatus‐driven cytokinesis mechanisms across kingdoms
Authors: Balasubramanian Mohan K. , Srinivasan Ramanujam , Huang Yinyi , Ng Kian‐Hong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCytokinesis is the final stage of the cell cycle during which a cell physically divides into two daughters through the assembly of new membranes (and cell wall in some cases) between the forming daughters. New membrane assembly can either proceed centripetally behind a contractile apparatus, as in the case of prokaryotes, archaea, fungi, and animals or expand centrifugally, as in the case of higher plants. In this article, we compare the mechanisms of cytokinesis in diverse organisms dividing through the use of a contractile apparatus. While an actomyosin ring participates in cytokinesis in almost all centripetally dividing eukaryotes, the majority of bacteria and archaea (except Crenarchaea) divide using a ring composed of the tubulin‐related protein FtsZ. Curiously, despite molecular conservation of the division machinery components, division site placement and its cell cycle regulation occur by a variety of unrelated mechanisms even among organisms from the same kingdom. While molecular motors and cytoskeletal polymer dynamics contribute to force generation during eukaryotic cytokinesis, cytoskeletal polymer dynamics alone appears to be sufficient for force generation during prokaryotic cytokinesis. Intriguingly, there are life forms on this planet that appear to lack molecules currently known to participate in cytokinesis and how these cells perform cytokinesis remains a mystery waiting to be unravelled. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Motifs insights from engineering systems architectures
Authors: Shaja A. S. , Sudhakar K. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract“Network Motifs” is a research area in “Network Science” which has captured the attention of many researchers. Complex biological and social networks have displayed presence of some triad motifs far in excess (or short) of their expected values. Some of these over(under)‐represented motifs have explained the basic functionality of systems, for example, in the sensory transcription networks of biology, over‐represented motifs are shown to perform signal processing tasks. This suggests purposeful, selective retention of these motifs in the studied biological systems. Another interesting feature is the high correlation of triad motif significance profiles (MSPs) of all systems that belong to a family of naturally grouped systems, thereby suggesting that all the systems in a family have the same function to perform and hence the correlation. Engineering systems also display over(under)‐represented motifs. The MSPs of a family of naturally grouped engineering systems show high correlation. Unlike biological and social networks, engineering systems are designed by humans and offer an opportunity for investigation based on known design rules. We show that over(under)‐represented motifs in engineering systems are not purposefully retained/avoided to perform functions but are a natural consequence of design by decomposition. We also discover that naturally grouped systems have remarkably correlated in(out) degree distribution across nodes resulting in a high correlation in MSP. Therefore, we argue that the idea of network motifs has no significance in engineering systems (unlike biological and other evolutionary systems), and we caution the engineering research community to be careful while drawing conclusions based on network motifs. We report a remarkable correlation of in(out) degree distribution of systems within a family of engineering systems. We further show that biological and social networks also display signs of decomposition. They also show a high correlation of in–out degree distribution of nodes for systems within a family. This opens up an interesting opportunity to investigate these systems through their observed decomposition. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012
Human mesenchymal stem cells: From immunophenotyping by flow cytometry to clinical applications
Authors: Nery Arthur A. , Nascimento Isis C. , Glaser Talita , Bassaneze Vinicius , Krieger José E. , Ulrich Henning 
Published: October 2012

AbstractModern medicine will unequivocally include regenerative medicine as a major breakthrough in the re‐establishment of damaged or lost tissues due to degenerative diseases or injury. In this scenario, millions of patients worldwide can have their quality of life improved by stem cell implantation coupled with endogenous secretion or administration of survival and differentiation promoting factors. Large efforts, relying mostly on flow cytometry and imaging techniques, have been put into cell isolation, immunophenotyping, and studies of differentiation properties of stem cells of diverse origins. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are particularly relevant for therapy due to their simplicity of isolation. A minimal phenotypic pattern for the identification of MSCs cells requires them to be immunopositive for CD73, CD90, and CD105 expression, while being negative for CD34, CD45, and HLA‐DR and other surface markers. MSCs identified by their cell surface marker expression pattern can be readily purified from patient's bone marrow and adipose tissues. Following expansion and/or predifferentiation into a desired tissue type, stem cells can be reimplanted for tissue repair in the same patient, virtually eliminating rejection problems. Transplantation of MSCs is subject of almost 200 clinical trials to cure and treat a very broad range of conditions, including bone, heart, and neurodegenerative diseases. Immediate or medium term improvements of clinical symptoms have been reported as results of many clinical studies. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Expression of immune inhibitory receptor ILT3 in acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation
Authors: Dobrowolska Hanna , Gill Kamraan Z. , Serban Geo , Ivan Elena , Li Qing , Qiao Pengyuan , Suciu‐Foca Nicole , Savage David , Alobeid Bachir , Bhagat Govind , Colovai Adriana I. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground:The diagnosis of AML with monocytic differentiation is limited by the lack of highly sensitive and specific monocytic markers. Immunoglobulin‐like transcript 3 (ILT3) is an immune inhibitory receptor expressed by myelomonocytic cells and at high levels by tolerogenic dendritic cells.Methods:Using flow cytometry, we analyzed the expression of ILT3 in 37 patients with AML and 20 patients with no detectable disease.Results:We showed that ILT3 was expressed in all cases of AML displaying monocytic differentiation (FAB M4/M5; N = 18), but not in AML M1/M2 and M3 (N = 19; P < 0.0001). Co‐expression of ILT3 and immature cell markers, such as CD34 and CD117, was observed in monoblastic leukemia. ILT3 expression was preserved after treatment in M4/M5 patients with refractory or relapsed disease. ILT3 expression was associated with the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities linked to an intermediate prognosis (P = 0.001). Rare CD45dimCD34+CD117+ILT3+ cells were identified in noninvolved bone marrow, suggesting that ILT3 expression is acquired at an early stage by normal myelomonocytic precursors.Conclusions:ILT3 is a highly sensitive and specific marker which distinguishes AML with monocytic differentiation from other types of AML. Testing of ILT3 expression should be incorporated into the initial diagnostic work‐up and monitoring of patients with AML. © 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society