bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes towards the penal system, ideology and dark traits
Authors: Clemente Miguel , Espinosa Pablo , Cerezo Ana , Aguilar‐Valera J. Alonso , Bello‐San‐Juan Patricia , Guevara‐Cordero Claudia Karina , Quintero‐Cárdenas Carlos José , Reynoso‐Gonzáles Oscar Ulises , Ferreiros Laura 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines the relationship between dark personality traits and attitudes towards punishment.AimsConsidering the evidence, we propose two hypotheses to be tested in this study: Of four dark tetrad traits, Machiavellianism will be the most strongly related to punitiveness (deterrence, incapacitation, desertion and moral balance); high scores in conservatism/right‐wing ideology will be positively related to deterrence, incapacitation, desert and moral balance attitudes. People with a liberal/left‐wing ideology will score higher in restorative justice and rehabilitation.Materials and MethodsThe study sample was composed of 1552 participants from Spain and Latin America (Mexico, Colombia and Peru). Participants responded to an adaptation of penal attitudes scale, the Short Dark‐Tetrad Questionnaire and a political ideology scale.ResultsThe results indicated that among demographic characteristics, ideology was the best predictor of penal justice attitudes, whereas Machiavellianism surpassed other dark traits as a predictor.DiscussionNo previous research examined how De Keiser et al. scale of attitudes towards criminal justice relates to dark personality and ideology. This research shows that dark personality predicts punitiveness and how Machiavellianism plays a relevant role. Future research could also combine Big‐Five ‘bright personality’ variables and since Dark Personality variables.ConclusionOf the four dark personality traits, Machiavellianism is the strongest predictor of all punitiveness penal attitudes (deterrence, incapacitation, desertion and moral balance). Conservative/right‐wing ideology is related to punitive attitudes; however, rehabilitation and restorative justice were unrelated to ideology.
Beyond gene flow: (non)‐parallelism of secondary contact in a pair of highly differentiated sibling species
Authors: Augustijnen Hannah , Lucek Kay 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReplicated secondary contact zones can provide insights into the barriers to gene flow that are important during speciation and can reveal to which degree secondary contact may result in similar evolutionary outcomes. Here, we studied two secondary contact zones between highly differentiated Alpine butterflies of the genus Erebia using whole‐genome resequencing data. We assessed the genomic relationships between populations and species and found hybridization to be rare, with no to little current or historical introgression in either contact zone. There are large similarities between contact zones, consistent with an allopatric origin of interspecific differentiation, with no indications for ongoing reinforcing selection. Consistent with expected reduced effective population size, we further find that scaffolds related to the Z‐chromosome show increased differentiation compared to the already high levels across the entire genome, which could also hint towards a contribution of the Z chromosome to species divergence in this system. Finally, we detected the presence of the endosymbiont Wolbachia, which can cause reproductive isolation between its hosts, in all E. cassioides, while it appears to be fully or largely absent in contact zone populations of E. tyndarus. We discuss how this rare pattern may have arisen and how it may have affected the dynamics of speciation upon secondary contact.
Ninjin'yoeito Modulates Baseline and Reperfusion‐Induced Changes in the Arteriole Diameter and Blood Flow in the Cerebral Cortex of Anesthetized Mice
Authors: Watanabe Nobuhiro , Iimura Kaori , Hotta Harumi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveIntragastric administration of ninjin'yoeito (NYT), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, reportedly prevents the decrease in baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the cortex following gastric administration of water. We investigated the effect of NYT on baseline and dynamic changes in cerebral cortical arteriole diameter.MethodsUrethane‐anesthetized mice were intragastrically administered 1 g/kg NYT or distilled water (DW). The artery in the left parietal cortex was imaged using two‐photon microscopy. The baseline diameter of penetrating arterioles was measured before and 50–60 min after administration. Dynamic CBF and arteriole diameter changes before, during, and after transient occlusion of the left common carotid artery were measured approximately 10 min after administration.ResultsDW decreased the baseline diameter of the penetrating arterioles, whereas NYT did not. During occlusion, the increase in penetrating arteriole diameter was comparable for DW and NYT; however, during reperfusion, the return to preocclusion diameter was slower for NYT than DW. Laser‐speckle contrast imaging confirmed that CBF, although comparable during occlusion, was higher during reperfusion for NYT than DW.ConclusionsThese results suggest that NYT attenuates vasoconstriction in penetrating arterioles after intragastric administration and during cerebral reperfusion, contributing to CBF regulation.
Stroke cases with apraxia of speech due to damage to the left frontal aslant tract
Authors: Sawaki Masaharu , Yamamoto Masahiko , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Furukawa Kenji , Yamauchi Takahiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe encountered two acute stroke cases with apraxia of speech (AOS) due to left internal border‐zone infarction. Neither case had a lower precentral gyrus lesion in the left frontal lobe. The findings obtained confirmed the relationship between AOS with improvement and damage to the left frontal aslant tract (FAT) in stroke. FAT integrity has potential as a prognostic imaging biomarker of AOS. It is important to visualize the fiber connections of white matter using diffusion tensor tractography, which will predict the outcome of AOS.
Aerosolized e‐liquid base constituents induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in oral keratinocytes
Authors: Ma Tao , Lee Angela , Eng Bryan , Patel Vyomesh , Michel Sarah L. J. , Kane Maureen A. , Dalby Richard , Schneider Abraham 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveElectronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) use among adults in the United States continues to rise. Particularly concerning is the impact of e‐cigarette aerosol inhalation on the oral mucosa. Aerosols are derived from a heated e‐liquid base of propylene glycol/glycerin (PG/G) often mixed with nicotine and chemical flavors. Of note, harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs), including metals and volatile organic compounds, have been detected in e‐cigarette aerosols. It remains unknown, however, whether aerosols exclusively derived from e‐liquid PG/G are detrimental to oral keratinocytes. The present study analyzed toxicological outcomes in normal oral keratinocytes exposed to model nicotine‐free, unflavored PG/G e‐liquid aerosols.Materials and MethodsCell viability/cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunoblotting assays were conducted in NOKSI, a gingiva‐derived oral keratinocyte cell line, following exposure to model e‐liquid aerosols or non‐aerosolized controls. The HPHC acrolein, reported to form DNA adducts in the buccal mucosa from e‐cigarette users, was also used in similar assays.ResultsPG/G e‐liquid aerosol extracts significantly enhanced cytotoxic and DNA damaging responses in NOKSI cells when compared to non‐aerosolized e‐liquid treatment. Acrolein treatment led to similar results.ConclusionsThe aerosolization process of PG/G e‐liquid is a critical determinant of marked cytotoxic and genotoxic stimuli in oral keratinocytes.
Characteristic of Paraspinal Muscle Change in Coronal Sub‐type of Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis and its Potential Clinical Significance
Authors: Shang Zhenguo , Chang Hengrui , Xu Jiaxin , Ding Wenyuan , Wang Hui , Zhang Di 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveClarifying paraspinal muscle (PM) change in degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) is positive to evaluate the progression of scoliosis. This research compares the characteristic of PM change among different coronal sub‐types of DLS and explores its potential clinical significance.MethodsA total of 84 DLS patients between June 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified into three types based on the coronal balance distance (CBD): Type A, CBD <3 cm; Type B: C7 Plumb Line (C7PL) shifted to the concave side of the curve, and CBD >3 cm; Type C: C7PL shifted to the convex side of the curve, and CBD >3 cm. Fat infiltration rates in the multifidus (MS) and erector spinae (ES) at the apex of the main and fractional curves, and spinopelvic parameters were analyzed statistically. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation was applied to analyze the correlation between asymmetric degree of PM change and these parameters in three types.ResultsThere were 62 cases with coronal sub‐Type A, 6 cases with Type B, and 16 cases with Type C. Patients in Type B and C demonstrated higher fat infiltration in MS on the concave side of both the main and fractional curves when compared to those in Type A. The asymmetric degree of ES change was positively correlated with CBD at the apex of the main curve in Type B and at the apex of the fractional curve in Type C respectively, and that of MS was positively correlated with apical vertebral rotation, while negatively strong‐correlated with pelvic incidence and sacral slope in Type C.ConclusionPM fatty infiltration presented difference among varied coronal sub‐types of DLS patients. The CBD in Type B and C patients was correlated with the asymmetric degree of ES change.
The potential link between gas diffusion and embolism spread in angiosperm xylem: Evidence from flow‐centrifuge experiments and modelling
Authors: Silva Luciano M. , Pereira Luciano , Kaack Lucian , Guan Xinyi , Pfaff Jonas , Trabi Christophe L. , Jansen Steven 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding xylem embolism formation is challenging due to dynamic changes and multiphase interactions in conduits. Here, we hypothesise that embolism spread involves gas diffusion in xylem, and is affected by time. We measured hydraulic conductivity (Kh) in flow‐centrifuge experiments over 1 h at a given pressure and temperature for stem samples of three angiosperm species. Temporal changes in Kh at 5, 22, and 35°C, and at various pressures were compared to modelled gas concentration changes in a recently embolised vessel in the centre of a centrifuge sample. Temporal changes in Kh were logarithmic and species‐specific. Maximum relative increases of Kh between 6% and 40% happened at 22°C for low centrifugal speed (<3250 RPM), while maximum decreases between 41% and 61% occurred at higher speeds. These reductions in Kh were experimentally shown to be associated with a temporal increase of embolism at the centre of centrifuge samples, which was likely associated with gas concentration increases in recently embolized vessels. Although embolism is mostly pressure‐driven, our experimental and modelled data indicate that time, conduit characteristics, and temperature are involved due to their potential role in gas diffusion. Gas diffusion, however, does not seem to cover the entire process of embolism spread.
“Sustaining NSW Families” as a hybrid face‐to‐face/virtual program: Experiences of clients and clinicians
Authors: Elliott Elizabeth , Bogard Sonia , Kohlhoff Jane 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo explore clients’ and clinicians’ perspectives about the acceptability and perceived outcomes of the Sustaining New South Wales (NSW) Families (SNF) program shifted to a hybrid service delivery model during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Mixed methods design comprising cross‐sectional online surveys and a focus group.Eighty clients who accessed the SNF service and 12 SNF clinicians.Anonymous client survey comprising questions about perceived benefits and impacts of the hybrid SNF program model, and suggestions for change. Clinician focus group discussion about perceived benefits and challenges of the hybrid SNF model.The hybrid SNF program is a child and family health nursing home visitation program for families with moderate level psychosocial risks. It comprises a mix of face‐to‐face and virtual telehealth/telephone appointments, delivered during pregnancy and up to 2 years postpartum.Clients reported high levels of satisfaction with the program, and improvements in confidence and decision‐making. Clinicians spoke of increased efficiency and flexibility, and capacity for ongoing service provision during the COVID‐19 period. Technology access issues were identified as a barrier. Overall, however, both clients and clinicians expressed a preference for face‐to‐face SNF service provision.While further studies are required to test clinical outcomes, the hybrid SNF model is acceptable to clients and clinicians.
Rehabilitation‐Specific Predictors of Pain Intensity and Physical Activity Levels in Individuals With Acetabular Dysplasia 6 Months After Periacetabular Osteotomy
Authors: Alrashdi Naif Z. , Motl Robert W. , Lein Donald H. , Aguiar Elroy J. , Perumean‐Chaney Suzanne E. , Ryan Michael K. , Ithurburn Matthew P. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIndividuals with acetabular dysplasia often report hip joint instability, pain, and poor hip‐related function. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical procedure that aims to reposition the acetabulum to improve joint congruency and improve pain and function. We aimed to examine the influence of presurgery clinical measures on functional recovery following PAO and the associations among clinical outcomes after PAO.MethodsWe screened 49 potential participants, 28 were enrolled, and 23 completed both study visits (pre‐PAO and 6 months post‐PAO). We evaluated dynamometer‐measured hip and thigh strength, loading patterns during a squat and countermovement jump (CMJ), pain intensity, and device‐measured physical activity (PA) levels (light, moderate‐to‐vigorous PA [MVPA], and daily steps). We used linear regression models to examine the influence of muscle strength (peak torque; limb symmetry index [LSI]) and loading patterns before PAO on pain intensity and PA levels in individuals 6 months following PAO. Additionally, we used Pearson correlation coefficient to examine cross‐sectional associations among all variables 6 months following PAO.ResultsLower extremity muscle strength and loading patterns during the squat and CMJ before PAO did not predict pain intensity or device‐measured PA levels in individuals 6 months following PAO (p > 0.05). Six months following PAO, higher knee extensor LSI was associated with higher time spent in MVPA (r = 0.56; p = 0.016), higher hip abductor LSI was associated with both lower pain (r = 0.50; p = 0.036) and higher involved limb loading during the squat task (r = 0.59; p = 0.010). Lastly, higher hip flexor LSI was associated with higher CMJ takeoff involved limb loading (r = 0.52; p = 0.021) and higher involved hip extensor strength was associated with higher CMJ landing involved limb loading (r = 0.56; p = 0.012).ConclusionSix months after PAO, higher hip and thigh muscle strength and strength symmetry were associated with lower pain, higher PA levels, and greater normalized limb loading during dynamic movement tasks.
Location of Measurement Matters: Unveiling Regional Dynamics and Sex Differences in Patellar Tendon Strain In Vivo
Authors: Ito Naoaki , Scattone Silva Rodrigo , Grävare Silbernagel Karin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPatellar tendinopathy is more prevalent in males versus female athletes and commonly presents in the medial region of the tendon. Separate measures of patellar tendon strain in the medial, central, and lateral regions of the tendon, however, have not been quantified. The purpose was to investigate the differences in tendon strain between the medial, lateral, and central regions of the patellar tendon in healthy men and women. Strain in the medial and lateral regions of the patellar tendon in healthy participants (10 males, 10 females) was evaluated using ultrasound during isometric quadriceps contractions at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVIC) in 60° and 90° of knee flexion. Central strain was also measured at 60% MVIC in 90° of knee flexion. Mixed models were used to determine strain between tendon regions and sex at 60% MVIC in 90° of knee flexion. Sequential modeling was used to fit region, sex, %MVIC, and angle to predict strain. The central region had less strain compared with both medial and lateral regions. The lateral region had higher strain compared with the medial region regardless of sex. Females had higher strain compared with males, regardless of region. Knee position did not influence tendon strain. Patellar tendon strain differs by region and sex. The varying prevalence between sex and in location of patellar tendinopathy may in part be explained by the unbalanced strains. Differential assessment of regional patellar tendon strain may be of importance for understanding injury risk and recovery with exercise.
Incentivising public goods delivery in the UK through the lens of Theories of Practice and Theory of Capital
Authors: Kam Hermann 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAgri‐environmental policies in England stand on the threshold of significant change, with a new suite of Environmental Land Management schemes set to embody more of the ‘public money for public goods’ principle. In addition, two tranches of these schemes appear heading towards a more collaborative approch towards delivering these public goods—suggesting that landholder collaborations would be a vital key to achieving this goal on such a scale. Running in parallel with this policy change is a countryside that has been undergoing a transition over the past several decades. This has seen a growing diversification in landholder types ‐ prompting a re‐examination not only with regards to the range of landholders who should be recruited into public goods delivery but the incentivisation strategies needed to recruit them as well. In this article, we examine the limitations of the behavioural approach utilised by past agri‐environmental schemes to incentivise farmer uptake. We then propose the use of a Theories of Practice and Theory of Capital framework that shifts the approach towards a more targeted pattern of incentivisation, one which enables the recruitment of a much broader set of public goods providers into landholder collaboration. To demonstrate how this framework can be applied, we present a case study around a range of collaboration models. Our findings suggest that in order for collaborations to be sustained in the long term, policymakers will need to think more directly with regard to the different aspects of collaboration that different landholders place value in. This would ensure opportunities for various forms of capital to be generated or for the recrafting of practices through intervention points. We conclude that the recrafting of the collaborative conservation practice not only can be accomplished through its constituent elements but by changing its practitioners as well—as exemplified by the different configurations of landholders that make up each of our five models of collaboration.
Antibody immune responses and causal relationships in four immune skin diseases: Evidence from Mendelian randomization and Bayesian Weighting (Antibody Responses in Skin Diseases: MR & Bayesian)
Authors: Li Xiaojian , Chen Shiyu , Wu Yunbo , Qiu Guirong , Cheng Shiping , Lan Hongrong , Yan Zhangren , Huang Dongbei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies increasingly suggest that microbial infections and the immune responses they elicit play significant roles in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. This study uses Mendelian randomization (MR) and Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR) to explore the causal relationships between immune antibody responses and four common skin diseases: psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), rosacea, and vitiligo.MethodsWe utilized summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for antibody responses to 13 infectious pathogens and four skin diseases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) to assess causal relationships using multiple MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median. BWMR was also employed to confirm findings and address potential pleiotropy.ResultsThe IVW analysis identified significant associations between specific antibody responses and the skin diseases studied. Key findings include protective associations of anti‐Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) IgG seropositivity and Helicobacter pylori UREA antibody levels with psoriasis and AD. anti‐chlamydia trachomatis IgG seropositivity, anti‐polyomavirus 2 IgG seropositivity, and varicella zoster virus glycoprotein E and I antibody levels were negatively associated with rosacea, while EBV Elevated levels of the early antigen (EA‐D) antibody levels and HHV‐6 IE1B antibody levels were positively associated with rosacea. H. pylori Catalase antibody levels were protectively associated with vitiligo, whereas anti‐herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV‐2) IgG seropositivity was positively associated with vitiligo. The BWMR analysis confirmed these associations.ConclusionThis study underscores the significant role of H. pylori and other pathogens in these skin diseases, suggesting both protective and exacerbating effects depending on the specific condition. Understanding these pathogen‐immune interactions can lead to the development of more effective, personalized treatments and preventative strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.