bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The translation and validation of the Mini‐K scale in Japanese
Authors: Kawamoto Tetsuya 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to validate the 20‐item Mini‐K scale, which is the short form of the Arizona Life History Battery, as translated into Japanese. Two samples of Japanese adults (N = 2000; 50.0% men; Mage = 40.9 for the first survey; N = 400; 50.0% men; Mage = 42.2 for the second survey) completed a web‐based questionnaire, including the Japanese translation of the Mini‐K. The results showed that the psychometric properties of the Japanese Mini‐K scale were comparable to those of the original English version. The scale had good reliability based on Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω. Convergent validity was demonstrated by the correlation between the Mini‐K scores and life history indicators. In addition, the Mini‐K score was related to both personality and psychosomatic health. The translated scale provides a valid and reliable instrument in Japanese that measures human life‐history strategy.
Characteristics of caring self‐efficacy in pediatric nurses: A qualitative study
Authors: Alavi Azam , Bahrami Masoud , Zargham‐Boroujeni Ali , Yousefy Alireza 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeThe present study was conducted to clarify pediatric nurses' characteristics of caring self‐efficacy.Design and MethodsThis study was conducted using a qualitative content analysis approach. The participants included 27 pediatric nurses and clinical instructors, selected purposively. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews and were analyzed using the content analysis method.ResultsData analysis generated four main themes as attributes of a self‐efficient pediatric nurse including: (a) professional communications; (b) management of care; (c) altruism; and (d) proficiency.Practice ImplicationsNursing managers and instructors can use these results to help develop nurses' empowerment and self‐efficacy, especially in pediatric care.
Zinc regulates a switch between primary and alternative S18 ribosomal proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Prisic Sladjana , Hwang Hyonson , Dow Allexa , Barnaby Omar , Pan Tenny S. , Lonzanida Jaymes A. , Chazin Walter J. , Steen Hanno , Husson Robert N. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome encodes five putative ‘alternative’ ribosomal proteins whose expression is repressed at high Zn2+ concentration. Each alternative protein has a primary homologue that is predicted to bind Zn2+. We hypothesized that zinc triggers a switch between these paired homologous proteins and therefore chose one of these pairs, S18‐1/S18‐2, to study mechanisms of the predicted competition for their incorporation into ribosomes. Our data show that Zn2+‐depletion causes accumulation of both S18‐2 mRNA and protein. In contrast, S18‐1 mRNA levels are unchanged to slightly elevated under Zn2+‐limited conditions. However, the amount of S18‐1 protein is markedly decreased. We further demonstrate that both S18 proteins interact with ribosomal protein S6, a committed step in ribosome biogenesis. Zn2+ is absolutely required for the S18‐1/S6 interaction while it is dispensable for S18‐2/S6 dimer formation. These data suggest a model in which S18‐1 is the dominant ribosome constituent in high zinc conditions, e.g. inside of phagosomes, but that it can be replaced by S18‐2 when zinc is deficient, e.g. in the extracellular milieu. Consequently, Zn2+‐depletion may serve as a signal for building alternative ribosomes when M. tuberculosis is released from macrophages, to allow survival in the extracellular environment.
Spontaneous fungal peritonitis: a devastating complication of cirrhosis
Authors: Bremmer Derek N. , Garavaglia Jeffrey M. , Shields Ryan K. 
Published: April 2015

SummarySpontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a well‐known complication of cirrhosis; however, spontaneous fungal peritonitis (SFP) is less well‐recognised and described. Our objective was to determine the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and factors associated with death among patients with SFP. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the primary outcome of all‐cause mortality at 28 days. Twenty‐five patients were included; Candida species were the causative pathogen in all cases. At the onset of SFP, patients were critically ill, median APACHE II and MELD scores were 22 and 30.3, respectively. The 28‐day mortality rate was 56%; six patients died prior to culture positivity. Among the remaining patients, there were no differences in rates of death by treatment regimen (P = 0.55). APACHE II score at the onset of SFP was an independent predictor of death (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.02–2.08, P = 0.04). In conclusion, SFP develops among critically ill patients with cirrhosis and is associated with high rates of death. Directed antifungal therapy did not improve patient outcomes. Future studies assessing the benefit of early or pre‐emptive antifungal therapy are warranted.
Phenolic profile within the fine‐root branching orders of an evergreen species highlights a disconnect in root tissue quality predicted by elemental‐ and molecular‐level carbon composition
Authors: Wang Jun‐Jian , Tharayil Nishanth , Chow Alex T. , Suseela Vidya , Zeng Hui 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Fine roots constitute a significant source of plant productivity and litter turnover across terrestrial ecosystems, but less is known about the quantitative and qualitative profile of phenolic compounds within the fine‐root architecture, which could regulate the potential contribution of plant roots to the soil organic matter pool.

To understand the linkage between traditional macro‐elemental and morphological traits of roots and their molecular‐level carbon chemistry, we analyzed seasonal variations in monomeric yields of the free, bound, and lignin phenols in fine roots (distal five orders) and leaves of Ardisia quinquegona.

Fine roots contained two‐fold higher concentrations of bound phenols and three‐fold higher concentrations of lignin phenols than leaves. Within fine roots, the concentrations of free and bound phenols decreased with increasing root order, and seasonal variation in the phenolic profile was more evident in lower order than in higher order roots. The morphological and macro‐elemental root traits were decoupled from the quantity, composition and tissue association of phenolic compounds, revealing the potential inability of these traditional parameters to capture the molecular identity of phenolic carbon within the fine‐root architecture and between fine roots and leaves.

Our results highlight the molecular‐level heterogeneity in phenolic carbon composition within the fine‐root architecture, and imply that traits that capture the molecular identity of the root construct might better predict the decomposition dynamics within fine‐root orders.
Landscapes of Coexistence for terrestrial carnivores: the ecological consequences of being downgraded from ultimate to penultimate predator by humans
Authors: Oriol‐Cotterill Alayne , Valeix Marion , Frank Laurence G. , Riginos Corinna , Macdonald David W. 
Published: April 2015

Fear of predation can have major impacts on the behaviour of prey species. Recently the concept of the ecology of fear has been defined and formalised; yet there has been relatively little focus on how these ideas apply to large carnivore species which, although not prey sensu stricto, also experience fear as a result of threats from humans. Large carnivores are likely also subject to a Landscape of Fear similar to that described for prey species. We argue that although fear is generic, ‘human‐caused mortality’ represents a distinct and very important cause of fear for large carnivores, particularly terrestrial large carnivores as their activities overlap with those of humans to a greater degree. We introduce the idea of a ‘Landscape of Coexistence’ for large carnivores to denote a subset of the Landscape of Fear where sufficient areas of low human‐caused mortality risk are present in the landscape for long term coexistence of large carnivores and humans. We then explore aspects of terrestrial large carnivore behavioural ecology that may be best explained by risk of human‐caused mortality, and how the nature of a Landscape of Coexistence for these large carnivores is likely to be shaped by specific factors such as habitat structure, wild and domestic prey base, and human distribution and behaviour. The human characteristics of this Landscape of Coexistence may be as important in determining large carnivore distribution and behavioural ecology as the distribution of resources. Understanding the Landscape of Coexistence for terrestrial large carnivores is therefore important for their biology and conservation throughout large parts of their remaining ranges.SynthesisThe Landscape of Fear concept describing the relationship between predator and prey also applies to the relationship between humans and top carnivores. We synthesise current research to introduce the Landscape of Coexistence concept, arguing that top predators respond to the risks of human‐caused mortality through spatiotemporal partitioning of activities to reduce contact with people. The character of the Landscape of Coexistence may be more important than the distribution of resources in determining large carnivore distribution and behavioural ecology in human dominated landscapes. Understanding their behavioural responses to human threats is crucial to successful conservation of large carnivores.
Misidentifying a tennis racket as keys: object identification in people with age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Thibaut Miguel , Tran Thi Ha Chau , Delerue Céline , Boucart Muriel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposePrevious studies showed that people with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) can categorise a pre‐defined target object or scene with high accuracy (above 80%). In these studies participants were asked to detect the target (e.g. an animal) in serial visual presentation. People with AMD must rely on peripheral vision which is more adapted to the low resolution required for detection than for the higher resolution required to identify a specific exemplar. We investigated the ability of people with central vision loss to identify photographs of objects and scenes.MethodsPhotographs of isolated objects, natural scenes and objects in scenes were centrally displayed for 2 s each. Participants were asked to name the stimuli. We measured accuracy and naming times in 20 patients with AMD, 15 age‐matched and 12 young controls.ResultsAccuracy was lower (by about 30%) and naming times were longer (by about 300 ms) in people with AMD than in age‐matched controls in the three categories of images. Correct identification occurred in 62–66% of the stimuli for patients. More than 20% of the misidentifications resulted from a structural and/or semantic similarity between the object and the name (e.g. spectacles for dog plates or dolphin for shark). Accuracy and naming times did not differ significantly between young and older normally sighted participants indicating that the deficits resulted from pathology rather than to normal ageing.ConclusionsThese results show that, in contrast to performance for categorisation of a single pre‐defined target, people with central vision loss are impaired at identifying various objects and scenes. The decrease in accuracy and the increase in response times in patients with AMD indicate that peripheral vision might be sufficient for object and scene categorisation but not for precise scene or object identification.
Rice endosperm produces an underglycosylated and potent form of the HIV‐neutralizing monoclonal antibody 2G12
Authors: Vamvaka Evangelia , Twyman Richard M. , Murad Andre Melro , Melnik Stanislav , Teh Audrey Yi‐Hui , Arcalis Elsa , Altmann Friedrich , Stoger Eva , Rech Elibio , Ma Julian K.C. , Christou Paul , Capell Teresa 
Published: April 2015

SummaryProtein microbicides against HIV can help to prevent infection but they are required in large, repetitive doses. This makes current fermenter‐based production systems prohibitively expensive. Plants are advantageous as production platforms because they offer a safe, economical and scalable alternative, and cereals such as rice are particularly attractive because they could allow pharmaceutical proteins to be produced economically and on a large scale in developing countries. Pharmaceutical proteins can also be stored as unprocessed seed, circumventing the need for a cold chain. Here, we report the development of transgenic rice plants expressing the HIV‐neutralizing antibody 2G12 in the endosperm. Surprisingly for an antibody expressed in plants, the heavy chain was predominantly aglycosylated. Nevertheless, the heavy and light chains assembled into functional antibodies with more potent HIV‐neutralizing activity than other plant‐derived forms of 2G12 bearing typical high‐mannose or plant complex‐type glycans. Immunolocalization experiments showed that the assembled antibody accumulated predominantly in protein storage vacuoles but also induced the formation of novel, spherical storage compartments surrounded by ribosomes indicating that they originated from the endoplasmic reticulum. The comparison of wild‐type and transgenic plants at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels indicated that endogenous genes related to starch biosynthesis were down‐regulated in the endosperm of the transgenic plants, whereas genes encoding prolamin and glutaredoxin‐C8 were up‐regulated. Our data provide insight into factors that affect the functional efficacy of neutralizing antibodies in plants and the impact of recombinant proteins on endogenous gene expression.
Rice FLAVIN‐BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F‐BOX 1 (OsFKF1) promotes flowering independent of photoperiod
Authors: Han Su‐Hyun , Yoo Soo‐Cheul , Lee Byoung‐Doo , An Gynheung , Paek Nam‐Chon 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the facultative long‐day (LD) plant Arabidopsis thaliana, FLAVIN‐BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F‐BOX 1 (FKF1) is activated by blue light and promotes flowering through the transcriptional and post‐translational regulation of CONSTANS under inductive LD conditions. By contrast, the facultative short day (SD) plant rice (Oryza sativa) flowers early under inductive SD and late under non‐inductive LD conditions; the regulatory function of OsFKF1 remains elusive. Here we show that osfkf1 mutants flower late under SD, LD and natural LD conditions. Transcriptional analysis revealed that OsFKF1 up‐regulates the expression of the floral activator Ehd2 and down‐regulates the expression of the floral repressor Ghd7; these regulators up‐ and down‐regulate Ehd1 expression, respectively. Moreover, OsFKF1 can up‐regulate Ehd1 expression under blue light treatment, without affecting the expression of Ehd2 and Ghd7. In contrast to the LD‐specific floral activator Arabidopsis FKF1, OsFKF1 likely acts as an autonomous floral activator because it promotes flowering independent of photoperiod, probably via its distinct roles in controlling the expression of rice‐specific genes including Ehd2, Ghd7 and Ehd1. Like Arabidopsis FKF1, which interacts with GI and CDF1, OsFKF1 also interacts with OsGI and OsCDF1 (also termed OsDOF12). Thus, we have identified similar and distinct roles of FKF1 in Arabidopsis and rice.
A Pilot Study to Compare Oxidative Status between Organically and Conventionally Managed Dairy Cattle During the Transition Period
Authors: Abuelo A , Hernández J , Benedito JL , Castillo C 
Published: April 2015

ContentsThe aim of this study was to assess the redox balance of organically managed dairy cattle (OMC; n = 40) during the transition period and to compare this with conventionally managed cattle (CMC; n = 22). Serum samples of dairy cows from two organic and one conventional farm were taken. Markers of oxidants production [reactive oxygen species] and total serum antioxidant capacity were measured in four different production stages: (i) far‐off dry (2 to 1 months before calving; 44 samples in CMC and 48 in OMC); (ii) close‐up dry (1 month until 3 days before calving; 44 CMC; 54 OMC); (iii) fresh (3 days to +1 month after calving; 44 CMC; 49 OMC); and (iv) peak of lactation (+1 to +3 months; 71 CMC; 78 OMC). Values were compared between production stages and against a metabolic baseline status (4th–5th month of pregnancy; 40 CMC; 30 OMC). Our results indicated that throughout the periparturient period, OMC had lower concentrations of reactive oxygen species, but also a lower antioxidant capacity than CMC. Indeed, when the two components of the redox balance were assessed together through the Oxidative Stress index, the values of this parameter were higher for OMC than for CMC, thereby implying a higher risk of oxidative stress. Therefore, further larger studies are needed to confirm the current observations, as organically reared animals might be exposed to a lack of antioxidants supply.
Bovine Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) and Clusterin (CLU) mRNA Quantitation in Ejaculated Crossbred Bull Spermatozoa
Authors: Kumar S , Deb R , Singh U , Ganguly I , Mandal DK , Tyagi S , Kumar M , Sengar G , Sharma S , Singh R , Singh R 
Published: April 2015

ContentsMammalian circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) gene encodes a transcription factor that affects both the persistence and the period of circadian rhythms. Earlier reports suggested that CLOCK gene might be associated with male infertility in human. Present investigation, for the first time, reports that CLOCK gene expresses differentially between good and poor quality crossbred bull semen. The relative expression of CLOCK was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among good quality bull semen than motility‐impaired ones. Clusterins (CLU) are series of genes associated with a variety of physiological activities including spermatogenesis, apoptosis and degenerative disease conditions. In the present context, we also investigated that the expression of CLU gene was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among motility‐impaired crossbred bull semen compared to the good quality one.
Psychotherapeutic Agents in End‐Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Eyler Rachel F. , Unruh Mark L. , Quinn Davin K. , Mary Vilay Aloun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPatients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) are often affected by many comorbid conditions, including mental health disorders. Psychiatric illness among patients with ESRD has been associated with increased risks for nonadherence, hospitalizations, suicide, and all‐cause mortality. We reviewed the pharmacokinetic data available with psychotherapeutic agents, focusing on physiologic data rather than specific dosing recommendations. Unfortunately data regarding the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of psychotherapeutic agents in ESRD remain rather limited. Of the agents available, it appears that the most data in this patient group were found with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines. Given the small number of patients enrolled in many of the studies and the wide inter‐individual variability, it was difficult to interpret the significance of results in many instances. A number of agents, such as tricyclic antidepressants, were associated with adverse effects that would be imperative to avoid in patients with ESRD. Psychotherapeutic medications should be started at low doses and titrated carefully, while monitoring the efficacy and safety of each agent.
Bicarbonate Therapy in End‐Stage Renal Disease: Current Practice Trends and Implications
Authors: Saikumar Jagannath H , Kovesdy Csaba P 
Published: April 2015

AbstractManagement of metabolic acidosis covers the entire spectrum from oral bicarbonate therapy and dietary modifications in chronic kidney disease to delivery of high doses of bicarbonate‐based dialysate during maintenance haemodialysis (MHD). Due to the gradual depletion of the body's buffers and rapid repletion during MHD, many potential problems arise as a result of our current treatment paradigms. Several studies have given rise to conflicting data about the adverse effects of our current practice patterns in MHD. In this review, we will describe the pathophysiology and consequences of metabolic acidosis and its therapy in CKD and ESRD, and discuss current evidence supporting a more individualized approach for bicarbonate therapy in MHD.
Cluster‐Specific Variable Selection for Product Partition Models
Authors: Quintana Fernando A. , Müller Peter , Papoila Ana Luisa 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe propose a random partition model that implements prediction with many candidate covariates and interactions. The model is based on a modified product partition model that includes a regression on covariates by favouring homogeneous clusters in terms of these covariates. Additionally, the model allows for a cluster‐specific choice of the covariates that are included in this evaluation of homogeneity. The variable selection is implemented by introducing a set of cluster‐specific latent indicators that include or exclude covariates. The proposed model is motivated by an application to predicting mortality in an intensive care unit in Lisboa, Portugal.
Functional patterns of cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 and immediate early‐1‐specific CD8+ T cells that are associated with protection from and control of CMV DNAemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Giménez E. , Muñoz‐Cobo B. , Solano C. , Amat P. , de la Cámara R. , Nieto J. , López J. , Remigia M.J. , Garcia‐Noblejas A. , Navarro D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe functional profile of cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐specific CD8+ T cells that associate with protection from and control of CMV DNAemia in allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo‐SCT) recipients remains incompletely characterized.MethodsWe enumerated pp65 and immediate early (IE)‐1‐specific CD8+ T cells expressing interferon‐gamma, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and CD107a, by flow cytometry in 94 patients at days +30 and +60 after allo‐SCT.ResultsFifty of 94 patients had CMV DNAemia within the first 100 days after transplant. CMV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses (of any functional type) were more likely to be detected in patients who did not display CMV DNAemia than in those who did (P = 0.04). Qualitatively, no major differences in the functional signature of CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells were noted between patients who had or did not have CMV DNAemia. Patients displaying levels of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells at day +30 >0.30 cell/μL had a lower risk of CMV DNAemia (positive predictive value 76%, and negative predictive value 43%).ConclusionThe presence of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells (either expressing CD107a or not) was associated with lower levels of CMV replication, and higher frequency of self‐resolved episodes. The data reported further clarify the role of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells in control of CMV DNAemia in allo‐SCT recipients.
Conservative management of neurocysticercosis in a patient with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report and review
Authors: Purvey S. , Lu K. , Mukkamalla S.K. , Anandi P. , Dumitriu B. , Kranick S. , Hammoud D.A. , O'Connell E. , Oh A.L. , Barrett J. , Mahanty S. , Battiwalla M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNeurocysticercosis, an infection of the central nervous system with the larval stage of the cestode Taenia solium, is common in developing countries but its occurrence and management in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has not been reported previously, to our knowledge. We report the case of an immigrant female patient who underwent a matched‐related allogeneic HSCT for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and was incidentally found to have a solitary viable neurocysticercosis lesion. However, despite severe immunosuppression, the size of the cyst did not increase. More importantly, restoration of the immune system did not induce significant inflammation or seizures. Subsequent follow‐up demonstrated complete resolution of the neurocysticercosis lesion. Thus, in the setting of HSCT, an asymptomatic patient with a single neurocysticercosis lesion was successfully managed without the use of anthelmintics, steroids, or anti‐epileptics.