bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a computer algebra system (Maple) to teach elementary queueing theory
Authors: Place Jerry , Fitzgerald Sue 
Published: April 2014

AbstractComputer algebra systems such as Maple, Mathematica, and MACSYMA are readily available for a wide range of PCs and workstations. Many college campuses have site licenses for these software tools and make them widely available to students through PC labs, across networks, and on time‐sharing systems. In addition, student versions of these software tools are widely available at nominal cost. Computer algebra systems provide sophisticated computational support and are intuitive to use. In this article we describe how we use Maple to support an upper‐division undergraduate course teaching elementary queueing theory. We discuss the significant enhancement added by using Maple for this coursework. We present the traditional approach to this material (i.e., deriving the closed form solutions for a specific queueing model), then we show how we approach the material using numerical solutions based on the general equations for steady state probabilities for a Poisson Birth‐Death process. We present several examples and discuss the strengths of our approach.
A modular control systems laboratory
Authors: Hagan Martin T. , Latino Carl D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIt is often difficult for students to visualize how control theory relates to real systems. Computer simulations can help, but simulations alone are limited by how well the system in question has been modeled. In general, simulations are more helpful to engineers with sufficient experience with real systems than they are to students who may have never seen the actual systems in action. It is more enlightening if the results obtained theoretically are actually applied to a physical system. Applying the theoretically calculated results to a real system helps the student not only to visualize, but to evaluate how well the model was able to predict the system performance. To this end, a new interdisciplinary controls laboratory has been introduced jointly in the Electrical and Computer Engineering and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Departments of Oklahoma State University.
Applying multimedia technology to undergraduate engineering laboratories
Authors: Elsherbeni Atef , Tew Mark , Mokaddem Asem 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article presents efforts to improve the presentation of material in high frequency, microwave, and electronics laboratories using multimedia technology. A crowded undergraduate curriculum leaves little time to dwell on difficult concepts in these areas of study, yet the laboratory experience is enhanced by greater understanding. A moderate or small‐sized electrical engineering department is well suited for a one‐on‐one approach to teaching where close faculty—student interaction serves to fill many student needs. Even in this environment, better visualization tools may increase learning by reinforcing material introduced in the classroom. This project uses multimedia to enhance instruction and presentation in the high frequency, microwave, and electronics laboratories.
Windows computer laboratory as a tutorial for undergraduate electromagnetics
Authors: McCulloch J. , Keddy W. A. , Stuchly M. A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractContents and implementation of a computer laboratory for undergraduate electromagnetics are described. The laboratory consists of four 3‐hour sessions covering vector calculus, Maxwell's equations (integral and differential forms), wave propagation in materials, and wave behavior at planar interfaces. Each session contains theory (in the Help file), animations (where relevant) and a quiz. The program runs on IBM compatible 486‐based PCs in a Windows environment and uses the Borland C++ 4.0 compiler.
Enhancing the visualization skills of engineering students through computer modeling
Authors: Ullman Kim M. , Sorby Sheryl A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractStudies show that many entering engineering students are deficient in 3D spatial visualization skills. In the fall of 1993, a course was developed at Michigan Technological University to introduce freshmen to 3D spatial visualization through the use of visual aids and computer modeling. This article describes the computer exercises which were developed to aid in the development of the 3D visualization skills of these students.
Under the jeweler's loop
Authors: Fortenberry Norman L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractI am pleased to introduce a new column in CAE entitled “Under the Jeweler's Loop,” which will be prepared by Dr. Norman L. Fortenberry. As you may recall, while program director in the Division of Undergraduate Education at the National Science Foundation, Dr. Fortenberry introduced and was the editor of the “What's DUE” column. He has now joined the National Consortium for Graduate Degrees for Minorities in Engineering and Science, Inc. (GEM), as its Executive Director, and we are delighted to introduce him as the editor of the new “Under the Jeweler's Loop” column.Meanwhile, Dr. Janet Rutledge, who is now program director in the Division of Undergraduate Education at NSF, will continue Dr. Fortenberry's work and has graciously agreed to continue to prepare the “What's DUE” column. We are delighted to have Dr. Rutledge on the Editorial Board of CAE, and welcome the opportunity to have Dr. Fortenberry continue his participation in CAE.Magdy F. Iskander EditorIn this new column, I will be examining various happenings and trends in engineering education. My purpose is to give you a closer view of what underlies some of these issues and events. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Magdy Iskander for providing this forum.Norman L. Fortenberry
Effect of Romantic Relationship on Implicit Regional Prejudice
Authors: Jin Zheng , Sherman Jeffrey W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe study measures both the implicit regional prejudice and the explicit simple attitude of 93 students of five universities in China, either involved or not in different stages of a romantic relationship and at varying distances from their partners, by using the Brief Implicit Association Test and Explicit Reports. Results indicate that close relationships can contribute significantly to decreasing implicit regional prejudice. Further studies are needed to provide support for the causal mechanism between interpersonal relationships and changes in social attitudes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of cyclin D1 after treatment with doxorubicin in the HL‐60 cell line
Authors: Żuryń Agnieszka , Litwiniec Anna , Klimaszewska‐Wiśniewska Anna , Nowak Jakub Marcin , Gackowska Lidia , Myśliwiec Bartosz Jakub , Pawlik Andrzej , Grzanka Alina 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIncreased levels of cyclin D1 and amplification of CCND1 gene occur in many types of cancers. We have followed the expression of cyclin D1 after treatment with doxorubicin with reference to cell death and other possible therapeutic implications. The effect of the treatment on the cell cycle, survival, intracellular level (flow cytometry), and intracellular localization of cyclin D1 (fluorescence microscopy) and expression of CCND1 (real‐time RT‐PCR) was investigated in HL‐60 cells. An increase in the fluorescence intensity of cyclin D1 occurred after treatment with 0.15 and 0.3 μM doxorubicin. This tendency was confirmed by real‐time RT‐PCR. Expression of CCND1 in relation to the reference gene PBGD was increased in cells exposed to 0.15 μM doxorubicin. Concomitantly, some alterations in the regulation of the G0/G1, S, and G2/M checkpoints occurred, accompanied by changes in the polyploid fraction of the population. This was particularly evident at 0.3 μM doxorubicin, at which concentration the rate of cell death was also clearly higher. In conclusion, depending on the concentration used, alterations in cell death and the number of S, G2/M, and polyploid cells may correspond with cyclin D1 levels. This, in turn, may reflect an important role of the protein as one of the possible survival/point‐of‐no‐return regulators dependent on its concentration, which seems especially plausible in the context of more prominent cell death in the above‐mentioned fractions of cells.
Nanoparticle‐Impact Experiments are Highly Sensitive to the Presence of Adsorbed Species on Electrode Surfaces
Authors: Kätelhön Enno , Cheng Wei , Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Tschulik Kristina , Compton Richard G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe theoretically and experimentally investigate the influence of partial surface blocking on the electrochemistry of nanoparticles impacting at an electrode. To this end, we introduce an analytical model for the adsorption of single blocking molecules on the electrode and calculate the resulting fractional electrode coverage. We find that even small amounts of adsorbed molecules can fully suppress detection of impacts of nanoparticles while the electrode characteristics in the detection of electroactive molecules hardly change. Our findings are supported by experimental data on the indigo nanoparticle electroreduction at a carbon microelectrode (radius 5.5 μm) in aqueous solution. We find that nanoimpacts are fully suppressed in the presence of acetone at concentrations of 250 nm, which have a negligible effect on the electrode kinetics of the Fe(CN)${_6^{3 - /4 - } }$ couple.
Influence of Central Metalloligand Geometry on Electronic Communication between Metals: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, MMCT Properties of Isomeric Cyanido‐Bridged Fe2Ru Complexes, and TDDFT Calculations
Authors: Ma Xiao , Lin Chen‐Sheng , Hu Sheng‐Min , Tan Chun‐Hong , Wen Yue‐Hong , Sheng Tian‐Lu , Wu Xin‐Tao 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTo investigate how the central metalloligand geometry influences distant or vicinal metal‐to‐metal charge‐transfer (MMCT) properties of polynuclear complexes, cis‐ and trans‐isomeric heterotrimetallic complexes, and their one‐ and two‐electron oxidation products, cis/trans‐ [Cp(dppe)FeIINCRuII(phen)2CN‐FeII(dppe)Cp][PF6]2 (cis/trans‐1[PF6]2), cis/trans‐[Cp(dppe)FeIINCRuII(phen)2CNFeIII‐(dppe)Cp][PF6]3 (cis/trans‐1[PF6]3) and cis/trans‐[Cp(dppe)FeIIINCRuII(phen)2CN‐FeIII(dppe)Cp][PF6]4 (cis/trans‐1[PF6]4) have been synthesized and characterized. Electrochemical measurements show the presence of electronic interactions between the two external FeII atoms of the cis‐ and trans‐isomeric complexes cis/trans‐1[PF6]2. The electronic properties of all these complexes were studied and compared by spectroscopic techniques and TDDFT//DFT calculations. As expected, both mixed valence complexes cis/trans‐1[PF6]3 exhibited different strong absorption signals in the NIR region, which should mainly be attributed to a transition from an MO that is delocalized over the RuII‐CN‐FeII subunit to a FeIII d orbital with some contributions from the co‐ligands. Moreover, the NIR transition energy in trans‐1[PF6]3 is lower than that in cis‐1[PF6]3, which is related to the symmetry of their molecular orbitals on the basis of the molecular orbital analysis. Also, the electronic spectra of the two‐electron oxidized complexes show that trans‐1[PF6]4 possesses lower vicinal RuII→FeIII MMCT transition energy than cis‐1[PF6]4. Moreover, the assignment of MMCT transition of the oxidized products and the differences of the electronic properties between the cis and trans complexes can be well rationalized using TDDFT//DFT calculations.
General Protocol for the Synthesis of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging from Protected Metal–Organic Precursors
Authors: Hu He , Zhang Chongkun , An Lu , Yu Yanrong , Yang Hong , Sun Jin , Wu Huixia , Yang Shiping 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe development of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with functional groups has been intensively pursued in recent years. Herein, a simple, versatile, and cost‐effective strategy to synthesize water‐soluble and amino‐functionalized MNPs, based on the thermal decomposition of phthalimide‐protected metal–organic precursors followed by deprotection, was developed. The resulting amino‐functionalized Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, and Mn3O4 MNPs with particle sizes of about 14.3, 7.5, and 6.6 nm, respectively, had narrow size distributions and good dispersibility in water. These MNPs also exhibited high magnetism and relaxivities of r2=107.25 mM−1 s−1 for Fe3O4, r2=245.75 mM−1 s−1 for MnFe2O4, and r1=2.74 mM−1 s−1 for Mn3O4. The amino‐functionalized MNPs were further conjugated with a fluorescent dye (rhodamine B) and a targeting ligand (folic acid: FA) and used as multifunctional probes. Magnetic resonance imaging and flow‐cytometric studies showed that these probes could specifically target cancer cells overexpressing FA receptors. This new protocol opens a new way for the synthesis and design of water‐soluble and amino‐functionalized MNPs by an easy and versatile route.
Palladium‐Catalyzed/Norbornene‐Mediated CH Activation/ N‐Tosylhydrazone Insertion Reaction: A Route to Highly Functionalized Vinylarenes
Authors: Zhou Ping‐Xin , Zheng Lan , Ma Jun‐Wei , Ye Yu‐Ying , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Xu Peng‐Fei , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA straightforward method for the synthesis of highly functionalized vinylarenes through palladium‐catalyzed, norbornene‐mediated CH activation/carbene migratory insertion is described. Extension to a one‐pot procedure is also developed. Furthermore, this method can also be used to generate polysubstituted bicyclic molecules. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions to give the products in satisfactory yields using readily available starting materials. This is a Catellani–Lautens reaction that incorporates different types of coupling partners. Additionally, this reaction is the first to demonstrate the possibility of combining Pd‐catalyzed insertion of diazo compounds and Pd‐catalyzed CH activation.
Room‐Temperature Hydrohydrazination of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Saturated Abnormal N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Gold(I) Complexes
Authors: Manzano Rubén , Wurm Thomas , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA number of saturated abnormal N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of gold, in combination with KBArF4 as activator, were successfully applied in the chemoselective addition of hydrazine to alkynes. The reaction proceeds even at room temperature, which was not possible to date with gold catalysts. The reaction can be applied to a number of substituted arylalkynes. With alkylalkynes the yields are low. The saturated abnormal NHC ligands are resistant to isomerization to the saturated normal NHC coordination mode under basic reaction conditions. Under acidic conditions, a simple protonation at the nitrogen atom not neighboring the carbene center was observed and unambiguously characterized by an X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis. Computational studies confirm that such an isomerization would be highly exothermic, the observed kinetic stability probably results from the need to shift two protons in such a process.
AAML0523: A report from the Children's Oncology Group on the efficacy of clofarabine in combination with cytarabine in pediatric patients with recurrent acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cooper Todd M. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert B. , Perentesis John P. , Whitlock James A. , Taub Jeffrey W. , Horton Terzah M. , Gamis Alan S. , Meshinchi Soheil , Loken Michael R. , Razzouk Bassem I. 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUNDThe discovery of new, effective non–anthracycline‐based reinduction regimens for children with recurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is critical. In this phase 1/2 study, the tolerability and overall response rate of clofarabine in combination with cytarabine was investigated in children with recurrent/refractory AML.METHODSAAML0523 enrolled 49 children with AML in first recurrence or who were refractory to induction therapy. The study consisted of a dose‐finding phase (9 patients) and an efficacy phase (40 patients). Two children received clofarabine at a dose of 40 mg/m2/day and 47 children at a dose of 52 mg/m2/day.RESULTSToxicities typical for intensive chemotherapy regimens were observed at all doses of clofarabine. The recommended pediatric phase 2 dose of clofarabine in combination with cytarabine was 52 mg/m2/day for 5 days. Of 48 evaluable patients, the overall response rate (complete remission plus complete remission with partial platelet recovery) was 48%. Four patients met conventional criteria for complete remission with incomplete count recovery. Twenty‐one of 23 responders subsequently underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The overall survival rate at 3 years was 46% for responders compared with 16% for nonresponders (P < .001). Patients found to have no minimal residual disease at the end of the first cycle by flow cytometric analysis had superior overall survival after 1 year (100% vs 38%; P = .01).CONCLUSIONSThe combination of clofarabine and cytarabine yielded an acceptable response rate without excess toxicity in children with recurrent AML. The nearly 50% survival rate reported in responders is highly encouraging in these high‐risk patients and suggests that this combination is an effective bridge to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer 2014;120:2482–2489. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Mutant IDH1 inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling in human glioma
Authors: Birner Peter , Pusch Stefan , Christov Christo , Mihaylova Stiliana , Toumangelova‐Uzeir Kalina , Natchev Sevdalin , Schoppmann Sebastian F. , Tchorbanov Andrey , Streubel Berthold , Tuettenberg Jochen , Guentchev Marin 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUNDRecently, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) was identified as a major participant in glioma pathogenesis. At present, the enzymatic activity of the protein has been the main topic in investigating its physiological function, but its signaling pathway allocation was unsuccessful. Interestingly, proteins regulated by phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, are among the top downregulated genes in gliomas associated with high percentage of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations. The aim of this study was to investigate a hypothetical relation between IDH1 and PI3K signaling.METHODSThe presence of mutant IDH1 and markers for active PI3K/Akt signaling, present as phosphorylated Akt and podoplanin (PDPN), were investigated in a discovery cohort of 354 patients with glioma. In vitro experiments were used to confirm functional links.RESULTSThis study shows an inverse correlation between mutant IDH1 and markers for active PI3K/Akt signaling. In support of a functional link between these molecules, in vitro expression of mutant IDH1 inhibited Akt phosphorylation in a 2‐hydroxyglutarate–dependent manner.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides patient tumor and in vitro evidence suggesting that mutant IDH1 inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling. Cancer 2014;120:2440–2447. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Building architectures for data‐intensive science using the ADAGE framework
Authors: Yao Lawrence , Rabhi Fethi A. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryOne of the main activities in data‐intensive science is data analysis. Although there are many popular technologies that can assist scientists in various isolated aspects of data analysis, supporting analysis processes in holistic ways that promote system interoperability, integration and automation, as well as scientific reproducibility and efficient data handling, presents many challenges. A common solution to address these challenges is to find efficient ways of integrating various existing technologies together to meet the analysis needs of scientists (which is similar to the idea behind science gateways). We believe that this solution is essentially an exercise in software design; and in many situations, these challenges should be tackled from a software design perspective. Consequently, this paper reviews different architectural design approaches that can be used to address these challenges and proposes a service‐oriented framework called the Ad Hoc Data Grid Environment, which consists of an architectural pattern and its associated operational guidelines. The guidelines prescribe a number of activities based on an iterative decomposition approach to produce and evolve software architectures according to constantly changing user needs. The framework is demonstrated on a case study involving analysis processes required for conducting financial event studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wider sampling reveals a non‐sister relationship for geographically contiguous lineages of a marine mussel
Authors: Cunha Regina L. , Nicastro Katy R. , Costa Joana , McQuaid Christopher D. , Serrão Ester A. , Zardi Gerardo I. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe accuracy of phylogenetic inference can be significantly improved by the addition of more taxa and by increasing the spatial coverage of sampling. In previous studies, the brown musselPerna pernashowed a sister–lineage relationship between eastern and western individuals contiguously distributed along theSouthAfrican coastline. We used mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (ITS) sequence data to further analyze phylogeographic patterns withinP. perna. Significant expansion of the geographical coverage revealed an unexpected pattern. The westernSouthAfrican lineage shared the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) with specimens fromAngola,Venezuela, andNamibia, whereas easternSouthAfrican specimens andMozambique grouped together, indicating a non‐sister relationship for the twoSouthAfrican lineages. Two plausible biogeographic scenarios to explain their origin were both supported by the hypotheses‐testing analysis. One includes anIndo‐Pacific origin forP. perna, dispersal into theMediterranean andAtlantic through the Tethys seaway, followed by recent secondary contact after southward expansion of the western and easternSouthAfrican lineages. The other scenario (Out ofSouthAfrica) suggests an ancient vicariant divergence of the two lineages followed by their northward expansion. Nevertheless, the “Out of South Africa” hypothesis would require a more ancient divergence between the two lineages. Instead, our estimates indicated that they diverged very recently (310 kyr), providing a better support for an Indo‐Pacific origin of the twoSouthAfrican lineages. The arrival of theMRCAofP. pernainBrazil was estimated at 10 [0–40] kyr. Thus, the hypothesis of a recent introduction inBrazil through hull fouling in wooden vessels involved in the transatlantic itineraries of the slave trade did not receive strong support, but given the range for this estimate, it could not be discarded. Wider geographic sampling of marine organisms shows that lineages with contiguous distributions need not share a common ancestry.