bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Voltage Loss via Dipole Tuning for Electron‐Transport in Efficient and Stable Perovskite‐Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Duan Weiyuan , Lian Qing , Mahmud Md Arafat , Leung Tik Lun , Liao Chwenhaw , Bing Jueming , Bailey Christopher , Yi Jianpeng , Tao Runmin , Yang Jiong , Cui Xin , Nie Shuai , Zhu Yan , Lambertz Andreas , Jankovec Marko , Topič Marko , McCamey Dane R. , Bremner Stephen , Hameiri Ziv , Ding Kaining , Mckenzie David , Zheng Jianghui , Ho‐Baillie Anita 
Published: July 2024

AbstractC60 is a widely used electron selective material for p–i–n perovskite cells, however, its energy level does not match well with that of a wide‐bandgap perovskite, resulting in low open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF). To overcome this issue, ultra‐thin LiF has been widely used as an interlayer between C60 and perovskite layers facilitating efficient electron extraction but resulting in instability. In this work, the use of a piperidinium bromide (PpBr) is reported as an interlayer between C60 and perovskite, and the interlayer further is optimized by introducing an additional oxygen atom on the opposite side of the NH2+. This results in morpholinium bromide (MLBr) with increased dipole moment. Because of this, MLBr is highly effective in minimizing the energy band mismatch between perovskite and C60 layer for electron extraction while at the same time passivating defects. The champion single junction 1.67 eV MLBr solar cell produced a PCE of 21.9% and the champion monolithic MLBr perovskite‐Si tandem cell produced a PCE of 28.8%. Most importantly, both encapsulated MLBr and PpBr devices retain over 97% of their initial efficiency after 400 thermal cycles (between −40 and 85 °C), twice the number of cycles specified by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61215 photovoltaic module standard.
In‐Situ Removable Solid Additive Optimizing Active Layer and Cathode Interlayer of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Kong Lingchen , Wang Xinkang , Li Mingke , Zhang Zesheng , Chen Mingqing , Zhang Lianjie , Ying Lei , Ma Dongge , Chen Junwu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn situ removable (ISR) solid additive can employ cold sublimation process to optimize active layer morphology for organic solar cells (OSCs), thus remaining unique potential. Herein, a feasible guideline is proposed to discover a new ISR solid additive 1‐bromo‐4‐chlorobenzene (CBB), whose removing time (TR) is between those of reported ISR solid additives 1,4‐dichlorobenzene (DCB) and 1‐chloro‐4‐iodobenzene (CIB). The CBB with a moderate TR is beneficial for affording the optimal active layer morphology and achieving the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.58% for D18:L8‐BO binary active layer, as supported by the most efficient exciton splitting, the fastest exciton transfer, and the most balanced carrier transports. Due to the unique ISR ability, DCB, CBB, and CIB are further proposed to optimize the aggregation of PDINN cathode interlayer. Particularly, the CBB‐ and CIB‐treated PDINN interlayers afforded the D18:L8‐BO based binary OSCs with excellent PCEs of 19.38% and 19.26%, along with remarkable fill factors of 80.98% and 81.37%, respectively. The CBB‐ and CIB‐treated PDINN interlayers can suppress non‐radiative recombination of the devices, resulting in higher open‐circuit voltage. This work not only provides an effective approach to flourish ISR solid additives but also expands the application of the ISR solid additive in OSCs.
π‐Bridge mediated coupling between inter‐ and intra‐molecular charge transfer in aggregates for highly efficient near‐infrared emission
Authors: Xu Jingyi , Xue Jie , Dai Yu , Zhang Jinyuan , Ren Jiajun , Yao Chengyu , Li Shaman , Meng Qingyu , Wen Xueliang , Shao Haoyun , Qiao Juan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntermolecular charge transfer (inter‐CT) is commonly considered to quench luminescence in molecular aggregates, especially for near‐infrared (NIR) emission. Herein, by elaborate comparison of π‐bridge effects in donor/acceptor (D/A) molecules, it is disclosed that a π‐bridge is essential in D/A molecule to involve inter‐CT in aggregates for inducing desired thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and largely suppressing non‐radiative decays, and importantly, electron‐donating π‐bridge is critical to maximize radiative decay for inter‐CT dominated emission by effective electronic coupling with bright intramolecular charge transfer (intra‐CT) for high‐efficiency NIR emission. As a proof‐of‐concept, TPATAP with thienyl as π‐bridge realized prominent photoluminescence quantum yields of 18.9% at 788 nm in solid films, and achieved record‐high maximum external quantum efficiencies of 4.53% at 785 nm in devices. These findings provide fresh insight into interplay between inter‐CT and intra‐CT in molecular aggregates and open a new avenue to attenuate the limitation of energy gap law for developing highly efficient NIR emitters and improving the luminescent efficiency of various inter‐CT systems, such as organic photovoltaic, organic long persistent luminescence, etc.
Ontogeny and sexual dimorphism in the human hands through a 2D geometric morphometrics approach
Authors: Fernández‐Navarro Verónica , Garate Diego , Martínez Daniel García 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to conduct a thorough characterization of hand morphology. Employing a 2D geometric morphometric approach, we scrutinize individual fingers and the palm, delineating the ontogenetic trajectories for each biological sex and investigating the alterations that take place at various stages of human development.Materials and methodsA set of thirty‐two 2D anatomical landmarks were assessed in a sex‐balanced sample of human hands (F = 275, M = 250 males), spanning all stages of human development. Following Procrustes registration, the data on size and shape for individual fingers and the palm were examined for each biological sex and age group. Regression analysis was utilized to quantify ontogenetic trajectories for each biological sex.ResultsThe findings suggest a gradual escalation in sexual dimorphism throughout human development, with statistically noteworthy distinctions becoming apparent in size starting at the age of 3, and in shape from the age of 7 onwards. Additionally, our analyses uncover a distinctive sigmoid pattern between sexes, indicating that biological male hands exhibit a sturdier build compared to biological female hands from early childhood onward.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this study enriches our insights into sexual dimorphism in human hands, stressing the importance of considering both size and shape across different ontogenetic stages. These findings not only expand our understanding of human biological variation but also lay the foundation for future interdisciplinary research in diverse scientific domains.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks‐based Electrolytes with Controllable Hydrogen Bonding Networks for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wang Yue , Song Li‐Na , Wang Xiao‐Xue , Wang Yi‐Feng , Xu Ji‐Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe lack of stable solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) with high‐ionic conductivity and the rational design of electrode/electrolyte interfaces remains challenging for solid‐state lithium batteries. Here, for the first time, a high‐performance solid‐state lithium‐oxygen (Li−O2) battery is developed based on the Li‐ion‐conducted hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (LHOF) electrolyte and the HOF‐DAT@CNT composite cathode. Benefiting from the abundant dynamic hydrogen bonding network in the backbone of LHOF‐DAT SSEs, fast Li+ ion transport (2.2×10−4 S cm−1), a high Li+ transference number (0.88), and a wide electrochemical window of 5.05 V are achieved. Symmetric batteries constructed with LHOF‐DAT SSEs exhibit a stably cycled duration of over 1400 h with uniform deposition, which mainly stems from the jumping sites that promote a uniformly high rate of Li+ flux and the hydrogen‐bonding network structure that can relieve the structural changes during Li+ transport. LHOF‐DAT SSEs‐based Li−O2 batteries exhibit high specific capacity (10335 mAh g−1), and stable cycling life up to 150 cycles. Moreover, the solid‐state lithium metal battery with LHOF‐DAT SSEs endow good rate capability (129.6 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C), long‐term discharge/charge stability (210 cycles). The design of LHOF‐DAT SSEs opens an avenue for the development of novel SSEs‐based solid‐state lithium batteries.
Tailoring the Whole Deposition Process from Hydrated Zn2+ to Zn0 for Stable and Reversible Zn Anode
Authors: Zong Quan , Li Ruiling , Wang Jiangying , Zhang Qilong , Pan Anqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe practical application of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) indeed faces challenges primarily attributed to the inherent side reactions and dendrite growth associated with the Zn anode. In the present work, N‐Methylmethanesulfonamide (NMS) is introduced to optimize the transfer, desolvation, and reduction of Zn2+, achieving highly stable and reversible Zn plating/stripping. The NMS molecule can substitute one H2O molecule in the solvation structure of hydrated Zn2+ and be preferentially chemisorbed on the Zn surface to protect Zn anode against corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), thereby suppressing byproducts formation. Additionally, a robust N‐rich organic and inorganic (ZnS and ZnCO3) hybrid solid electrolyte interphase is in situ generated on Zn anode due to the decomposition of NMS, resulting in enhanced Zn2+ transport kinetics and uniform Zn2+ deposition. Consequently, aqueous cells with the NMS achieve a long lifespan of 2300 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, high cumulative plated capacity of 3.25 Ah cm−2, and excellent reversibility with an average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.7 % over 800 cycles.
Biomimetic Activation of N‐Nitrosamides with Red Light‐Triggered Nitric Oxide Release via Mediated Electron Transfer
Authors: Gan Guihai , Shen Zhiqiang , Zheng Shaoqiu , Zhang Guoying , Yin Dalong , Liu Shiyong , Hu Jinming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMediated electron transfer (MET) is fundamental to many biological functions, including cellular respiration, photosynthesis, and enzymatic catalysis. However, leveraging the MET process to enable the release of therapeutic gases has been largely unexplored. Herein, we report the bio‐inspired activation of a series of UV‐absorbing N‐nitrosamide derivatives (NOA) under red light exposure, enabling the quantitative release of nitric oxide (NO) gasotransmitter via an MET process. The cornerstone of our design is the covalent linkage of a 2,4‐dinitroaniline moiety, which acts as an electron mediator to the N‐nitrosamide groups. This facilitates efficient electron transfer from the excited palladium(II) meso‐tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin (PdTPTBP) photocatalyst and the selective activation of NOA. Our approach has been validated with distinct photocatalysts and various N‐nitrosamides, including those derived from carbamates, amides, and ureas. Notably, the modulation of the linker length between the electron mediator and N‐nitrosamide groups serves as a regulatory mechanism for controlling NO release kinetics. Moreover, this biomimetic NO release platform demonstrates effective operation under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and it enables localized delivery of NO under physiological conditions, exhibiting significant anticancer efficacy within the phototherapeutic window and enhanced selectivity towards tumor cells.
Mitochondrial Control of Proteasomal Psmb5 Drives the Differentiation of Tissue‐Resident Memory T Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wu Tong , Su Danhua , Zhang Lei , Liu Ting , Wang Qianliang , Yan Chenchu , Liu Mengdi , Ji Huiyan , Lei Jiaxin , Zheng Ming , Wen Zhenke 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo explore T cell‐intrinsic mechanisms underpinning the mal‐differentiation of tissue‐resident memory T (Trm) cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsCirculating T cells from patient with RA and healthy individuals were used for Trm cell differentiation. The role of Hobit in Trm differentiation was investigated through targeted silencing experiments. Psmb5 expression regulation was explored by identifying BRD2 as a key transcription factor, with the interaction validated through chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The impact of BRD2 succinylation on Trm differentiation was examined by manipulating succinyl‐CoA levels in T cells. Humanized NSG chimeras representing synovitis provided insights into Trm infiltration in RA synovitis and were used for translational experiments.ResultsIn patients with RA, a notable predisposition of CD4+ T cells toward differentiation into Trm cells was observed, demonstrating a positive correlation with the disease activity score 28. Remarkably, Hobit was a pivotal facilitator in the formation of RA CD4+ Trm cells. Mechanistic studies unveiled the dysregulation of proteasomal Psmb5 in T cells of patients with RA as the key factor contributing to elevated Hobit protein levels. The deficiency of proteasomal Psmb5 was intricately linked to BRD2, with succinylation exerting a significant impact on Psmb5 transcription and Trm cell differentiation. This heightened BRD2 succinylation was attributed to elevated levels of mitochondrial succinyl‐CoA in RA T cells. Consequently, targeting succinyl‐CoA within CD4+ T cells controlled the inflammation of synovial tissues in humanized chimeras.ConclusionMitochondrial succinyl‐CoA fosters the succinylation of BRD2, resulting in compromised transcription of proteasomal Psmb5 and the differentiation of Trm cells in RA.
3D Printing Elastocaloric TiNiCu Thermoelectric Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Wang Xizu , Yi Tan Xian , Ni Xiping , Wang Suxi , Wei Chien Sheau , Wuu Delvin , Thitsartarn Warintorn , Boon Lau Desmond Kwang , Ye Enyi , Ji Rong , Wang Pei , Zhu Qiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of new thermoelectric conversion and cooling materials is an important means of addressing global climate and heat emissions in the future. While heavy and toxic elements like tellurium and lead are traditionally used to make thermoelectric materials with poor mechanical properties, recent decades have seen a gradual push towards greener and more sustainable alternatives. One such potential alternative material for thermoelectric and thermal management applications would be the Nitinol (TiNi) shape memory alloy, due to their superior mechanical properties. In this study, we have investigated the use of 3D melt printing techniques that can be used to achieve thermoelectric performance and efficiency of elastic memory alloys below 500 °C. The electrical and thermal properties of TiNiCu materials and their relation to morphology were investigated. All the alloys show similar effect sizes, their fatigue behavior is however different. By adjusting the composition of Ti and Ni elements and we have obtained memory alloys with high thermoelectric properties, with a 50% increase in power factor and a 100% increase in ZT values. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using novel 3D‐printed SMAs for thermoelectric and cooling applications, providing an experimental basis for the future preparation of low‐cost, efficient, long service lifetime and stable materials for thermal energy harvesting and management.
Stretchable Sweat Lactate Sensor with Dual‐Signal Read‐Outs
Authors: Tan Sherwin Chong Li , Ning Yuetong , Yu Yong , Goh Wei Peng , Jiang Changyun , Liu Liyuan , Zheng Xin Ting , Yang Le 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInnovations in wearable sweat sensors hold great promise to provide deeper insights into molecular level health information non‐invasively. Lactate, a key metabolite present in sweat, holds immense significance in assessing physiological conditions and performance in sports physiology and health sensing. This paper presents the development and characterization of stretchable electrodes with ultrahigh active surface area of 648 % for lactate sensing. The as‐printed stretchable electrodes were functionalized with an electron transfer layer comprising Toluidine Blue O and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and an enzymatic layer consisting of lactate dehydrogenase with β‐Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as the cofactor for lactate selectivity. This sensor achieves a dual‐signal read‐out in which both electrochemical and fluorescence signals were obtained during lactate detection, demonstrating promising sensor performance in terms of sensitivity and reliability. We demonstrate the robustness of the dual‐signal sensor under simulated conditions of physical deformation and shifted excitation. Under these compromised conditions, the performance of the stretchable electrodes remained largely unaffected, showcasing their potential for robust and adaptable sensing platforms in wearable health monitoring applications.
Adaptive event‐triggered safety control for multiplayer mixed zero‐sum game with partial inputs delay
Authors: Qin Chunbin , Zhang Zhongwei , Shang Ziyang , Zhang Dehua , Zhang Jishi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes an adaptive safety control method applicable to a multiplayer mixed zero‐sum (MZS) game of nonlinear systems with partial inputs delay. Firstly, a framework is introduced involving N players, where player 1 and player N form a zero‐sum (ZS) game, and player 1 and players 2 to N‐1 form nonzero‐sum (NZS) games, with some players experiencing time delays. Subsequently, the system's value function is augmented with a control barrier function (CBF) to ensure that the system's state remains within a safe region. Secondly, to approximate Nash equilibrium solutions, the study employs adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) and utilizes a critic‐only neural network (NN) to approximate optimal solutions. Diverging from traditional time‐trigger methods, computational and communication load reduction is achieved by introducing a state‐related event trigger condition. The stability of the system is then meticulously analyzed using the Lyapunov theorem. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the study provides a simulation example demonstrating its performance. In summary, this research introduces an efficient adaptive safety control method for addressing multiplayer MZS games with partial inputs delay, incorporating CBFs, ADP, and state‐related event triggering.
Glycine‐replaced epinecidin‐1 variant bestows better stability and stronger antimicrobial activity against a range of nosocomial pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Jeyarajan Sivakumar , Peter Ansu Susan , Ranjith Sukumar , Sathyan Aswathy , Duraisamy Senbagam , Kandasamy Indira , Chidambaram Prahalathan , Kumarasamy Anbarasu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEpinecidin‐1 (epi‐1), an antimicrobial peptide first identified in marine grouper fish, has multifunctional bioactivities. The present study aims to improve its therapeutic potential via structural modifications that could enhance its antimicrobial activity and stability. To achieve it, we replaced glycine and the first histidine in the parent epi‐1 with lysine, which resulted in a peptide with a repeating KXXK motif and improved physiochemical properties related to antimicrobial activity. This modified peptide, referred to as glycine‐to‐lysine replaced‐epi‐1, also gained stability and a twofold increase in helical propensity. To produce the active peptide, overlap extension PCR was employed to generate the gene of GK‐epi‐1 via site‐directed mutagenesis, which was then cloned into the pET‐32a vector and expressed as a recombinant fusion protein in Escherichia coli C43 (DE3) strain. The recombinant protein was purified and digested with enterokinase to release the active peptide fragment, which was then evaluated for antimicrobial activity and stability. The lysine substitution led to an enhancement in broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity against a wide range of nosocomial pathogenic bacteria.
Cytomegalovirus reactivation is frequent in multiple myeloma patients treated with daratumumab‐based regimens
Authors: De Novellis Danilo , Fontana Raffaele , Serio Bianca , Vaccaro Emilia , Guariglia Roberto , Morini Denise , Rizzo Michela , Giudice Valentina , Selleri Carmine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundViral reactivations are frequent in hematologial patients due to their cancer‐related and drug‐induced immunosuppressive status. Daratumumab, an anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody, is used for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, and causes immunosuppression by targeting CD38‐expressing normal lymphocytes. In this single‐center two‐arm real‐life experience, we evaluated incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in MM patients treated with daratumumab‐based regimens as first‐ or second‐line therapy.MethodsA total of 101 consecutive MM patients were included in this study and were divided into two cohorts: daratumumab and nondaratumumab‐based (control) regimens. Patients treated with >2 lines of therapies were excluded to reduce the confounding factor of multi‐treated cases. Primary endpoint was the CMV reactivation rate.ResultsCMV reactivation rate was significantly higher in the daratumumab cohort compared to control group (33% vs. 4%; p < 0.001), also with higher CMV‐DNA levels (>1000 UI/mL in 12% of cases; p < 0.05). However, only one subject developed a CMV disease with severe pneumonia, while 12% of patients were successfully treated with preemptive therapy with valganciclovir. No subjects in the control cohort required anti‐CMV agents (p = 0.02).ConclusionOur single‐center retrospective experience showed that daratumumab might significantly increase the risk of CMV reactivation in MM, while currently underestimated and related to morbility and mortality in MM patients under treatments. However, further validation on larger and prospective clinical trials are required.
Box‐Behnken Design for Mitigation of Cadmium Bivalent Ions from Aqueous Medium
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Chawla Jyoti , Saini Suman , Singh Prashant , Swaroop Maharia Ram 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStatistical analysis is essential for minimizing the time, cost, and number of experiments needed to get the maximum output. In this work, the removal of cadmium bivalent (Cd (II)) ions was optimized using Box‐Behnken design methodology. The effects of pH, concentration, time, and temperature were investigated for the removal of cadmium. Maximum removal (85.70 %) was achieved at pH of 5.34, initial Cd(II) ions concentration 46.61,contact time 166.09 (min), and at 59.40 °C temperature on Punica Granatum carpellary membrane powder (PGCMP) and 88.61 % removal was achieved on its modified forms (MPGCMP) at pH of 5.79, initial Cd(II) ions concentration 65.70,contact time 178.96, and at 59.91 °C temperature. The model was validated by analyzing variance (ANOVA). The practical data was well fitted to the quadratic model. PGCMP and MPGCMP were found to be naturally occurring, environmentally friendly adsorbents for the mitigation of Cd (II) ions as well as other toxic heavy metals from drinkable or wastewater.