bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐objective optimization design of concrete outriggers based on Genetic–HookeJeeves algorithm: Reducing lateral deflection, differential axial shortening, and construction cost of the structure
Authors: Safarkhani Mahya , Madhkhan Morteza 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn the context of tall concrete structures, it is crucial to not only control the lateral displacement of the building but also address the issue of differential axial shortenings in its vertical elements. Concrete outriggers, commonly resembling relatively stiff beams spanning one to two floors, connect the central core to exterior columns. The strategic placement and appropriate stiffness of these outriggers at different heights of the structure can significantly influence the overall behavior of the entire structure. This study focuses on optimizing the location, depth, and thickness of concrete outriggers, along with the dimensions of beams and columns, as well as the thickness of the core shear wall with the objective of minimizing construction costs and mitigating the occurrence of lateral displacement and differential axial shortenings within the structure. To achieve this, a combined approach of the Genetic–HookeJeeves algorithm has been employed. In this research, we have integrated HookeJeeves, a local search algorithm, with the genetic algorithm to create a hybrid approach that demonstrates high convergence performance. The structural modeling and analysis were conducted using ETABS finite element software, while a Euro‐International Concrete Committee model (CEB model) was utilized to assess the magnitude of differential axial shortenings, enabling us to approximate the long‐term behavior of concrete. The findings of this study highlight the significant impact of the location and stiffness of outriggers on mitigating both lateral displacement and differential axial shortenings within the structure. Optimal placement of an outrigger resulted in a 16% reduction in lateral displacement, and this value could reach up to 25% when the outrigger possessed the ideal stiffness. Additionally, such an arrangement led to a remarkable 36% decrease in the maximum differential axial shortening observed in the structure. These outcomes demonstrate that meeting the design requirements of the intended structure not only improves its performance but also reduces construction costs by 31%.
Effects of finisher diet nutrients density and slaughter age on energy and protein efficiency, productive and economic performance and meat quality of broilers
Authors: Nikbakhtzade Mahdie , Zarghi Heydar , Golian Abolghasem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe current broilers have been greatly optimized for weight gain and breast yield, which necessitates the provision of nutrients‐dense diets for maximum potential.ObjectivesThe current study aimed to evaluate the effect of finisher diet nutrients density (ND) on energy and protein efficiency, productive and economic performance and breast meat quality of broilers raised until different slaughter age.MethodsA total of 600 23‐day‐old broiler male chicks (Cobb‐500) were assigned to 10 treatments with six replicates and 10 birds each. Experimental treatments were included factorial arrangement of five increment (2.5%) levels of finisher diet ND (92.5%, 95%, 97.5%, 100% and 102.5% as strain recommendation) and slaughtered at 38 or 46 days of age. The relative difference in the energy level of experimental diets was used to increase ND levels at the same ratio.ResultsFeed intake (FI) and breast meat quality traits exception water holding capacity (WHC) were not affected by finisher diet ND. In response to increasing finisher diet ND, energy and protein efficiency, productive traits, bio‐economic index (BEI) and breast relative weight (BRW) linearly improved. However, residual feed intake and breast meat WHC improved with a quadratic trend. By using broken‐line regression analysis, the optimum dietary ND was obtained at 97.5%–102% of strain recommendation. Energy and protein efficiency, feed conversion ratio and BEI deteriorated by prolonging rearing period. The BRW, meat lightness (L*), redness (a*), hue angle (h*) and WHC values for the birds slaughtered at 46 days of age were significantly higher, and cooking loss was lower than those slaughtered at 38 days old.ConclusionsBroilers during the finisher period are not able to regulate their FIs with diet ND. The energy and protein efficiency, productive and economic performance were reduced when broilers were fed diluted diet or the rearing period was prolonged.
Preoperative osteopenia is associated with prognosis in patients after resection of esophageal cancer
Authors: Kagaya Takehiro , Miki Atsushi , Watanabe Jun , Kanamaru Rihito , Matsumoto Shiro , Kurashina Kentaro , Saito Shin , Teratani Takumi , Hosoya Yoshinori , Sakuma Yasunaru , Kitayama Joji , Sata Naohiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundOsteopenia reflects frailty and has been shown to be associated with outcomes in cancer patients. This study was undertaken to examine whether osteopenia is an independent prognostic factor in patients with esophageal cancer after resection.MethodsA total of 214 patients who underwent surgery for esophageal cancer were analyzed retrospectively. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the 11th thoracic vertebra was measured by computed tomography scan, and patients classified into osteopenia and normal BMD groups with BMD <160 Hounsfield units as the cutoff. Clinicopathological data and prognosis were analyzed.ResultsThe 5‐year survival rate was 55.4% for the osteopenia group and 74.7% for the normal BMD group with a significantly worse prognosis in the osteopenia group (p = 0.0080). In multivariable analysis, osteopenia was a significant independent risk factor associated with overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–3.34, and p = 0.0151) along with R1/2 resection (HR 3.02, 95% CI 1.71–5.18, and p = 0.0002).ConclusionIn patients with esophageal cancer undergoing resection, osteopenia may be a surrogate marker for frailty and an independent predictor of prognosis.
Biomonitoring of urban industrial pollution using total reflection X‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Schmeling M. , Gende M. , Tovar A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnvironmental pollution as a result of industrial activity is widespread in many urban areas including Chicago. In an effort to evaluate the heavy metal fraction originating from industrial activities, plant samples of Daucus Carota or wild carrot were collected at or adjacent to six sites located in two of Chicago's designated industrial corridors. Plants, especially herbaceous species, have been deemed suitable as environmental pollution monitors as they are able to provide information about the heavy metal fraction accessible to biota. The leaves of Daucus Carota were acid digested and analyzed with total reflection X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry TXRF. The results showed elevated heavy metal mass fractions for at least one collection site which is close to an operational railyard. Other studies investigating heavy metals in proximity to railroad operations found elevated mass fractions for several elements, but specifically manganese as well. This suggests that abrasion from shunting and breaking releases certain pollutants into the local environment. The data were compared with studies executed in Rome, Italy, and Pakistan, which used Daucus Carota to evaluate heavy metal pollution. It was found that the heavy metal mass fractions obtained for Chicago were higher for some elements indicating an increased pollutant burden for these elements. The same samples were also analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry GFAAS for the elements copper and lead and the data compared. Those two elements were chosen as they were present at each location and GFAAS has proven to be highly sensitive for them. It was found that the two methods provided comparable results for copper, whereas for lead, TXRF overestimated the mass fractions most likely due to limitations of the spectra evaluation software. The analysis of a certified reference material ‘BCR 679 white cabbage’ showed that most data obtained by TXRF were in good agreement with the certified values, with the exception of lead, which was not certified. However, since GFAAS has high sensitivity toward lead and is considered reference method for that element by regulatory agencies, a comparison between GFAAS and TXRF data for lead in the same sample can serve as good indicator for TXRF performance.
Practicality and Compatibility of Cd(II) Coordination Polymer as Luminescent Sensor in Selective and Sensitive Detection of 3‐Nitrotyrosine Biomarker
Authors: Yang Jingyao , Lu Feiyu , Li Wencui , Zhang Lu , Yin Jingrui , Muddassir Mohd. , Fan Liming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBased on the mixed ligands of 1,4‐bis(2,4,6‐tricarboxylpyrid‐5‐yl)benzene (H6BTPB) and 1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl)benzene (bib), a new cadmium(II) coordination polymer with the molecular formula of {[Cd(bib)(μ2‐H2O)(H2O)2](H4BTPB)0.5(bib)0.5}n (CdCP) was constructed under solvothermal condition, and displayed a 3D supramolecular structure expanded by the hydrogen bonds between the 1D [Cd(bib)(μ2‐H2O)(H2O)2]n ladder chain and the guests. Profiting from its superior stability and inherent luminescence, the prepared CdCP dispalyed great potential as a highly sensitive and selective luminescent sensor in trace detection of 3‐NT biomarker in both water and real bodily fluids through the luminescence quenching effects, with the Ksv and LODs being 2.408×105 M−1 and 30.3 nM in water, 2.230×105 M−1 and 44.7 nM in diluted urine, 2.249×105 M−1 and 43.9 nM in diluted serum, respectively. Subsequent mechanism studies indicated the synergistic effect of internal filtering effect, photo‐induced electron transfer, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer determining the luminescence quenching response of CdCP towards 3‐NT biomarker.
Crisis, Uncertainty and Scandal (1980–1994)
Authors: McIvor Charlotte , Walsh Ian R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEconomic instability in the 1980s halted the societal change of the previous decades ushering in political uncertainty, renewed Catholic conservatism and moral hypocrisy while the death of political prisoners on hunger strike escalated the violence in the North. Despite these conditions this chapter demonstrates how theatrical activity flourished with new companies formed who embraced collaborative modes of theatremaking, confronted global issues and made sure women’s voices were heard. Playwrights looked to the past to understand the present conflict in the North and confronted systemic abuse in Catholic institutions. Revivals of O’Casey proved popular and controversial. With the end of the 1980s the early 1990s saw the authority of the Catholic Church collapsed by scandals, the decriminalisation of homosexuality and movements towards peace in Northern Ireland.
Examining the Relative Importance of History Teachers’ Epistemological Beliefs in Shaping Their Instructional Practices
Authors: Wilke Marjolein , Van Nieuwenhuyse Karel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeparting from concrete teacher cases, the authors of this chapter reflect on the importance of epistemological beliefs in (research on) teachers’ instructional practices. Drawing on their own and others’ research, they demonstrate that there is often an inconsistency between teachers’ epistemological beliefs about history and how teachers present how historical knowledge is constructed in their concrete teaching practices. The authors elaborate upon two reasons for this inconsistency that relate, first, to the complexity of epistemological beliefs and, second, to how these beliefs function within a complex belief system. Methodological difficulties associated with accurately capturing teachers’ epistemological beliefs are also discussed. The authors provide concrete recommendations for how to include these beliefs meaningfully in both future studies on teachers’ instructional practices and in teaching practices.
Adaption of the Maggioni’s BHQ into Turkish Culture and the Testing of Its Validity and Reliability
Authors: Dinç Erkan , Üztemur Servet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this chapter Dinc and Uztemur aim to adapt the Beliefs About History Questionnaire (BHQ) developed by Maggioni into Turkish culture and test its validity and reliability. The study group consists of 264 student social studies teachers selected by simple random sampling method. To determine the construct validity of the 22-item scale, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed respectively. Although the results revealed that the three-dimensional structure was supported in Turkish culture, it was seen that the five items in the original scale were not included in the Turkish version. Although the Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients for the sub-dimensions are not high, they are at an acceptable level. Considering that there is not any study assessing epistemic beliefs in the field of history in the Turkish context, it is recommended that further research be conducted by expanding the results of this adaptation study.
Epistemic Fluency and the Pedagogical Challenge of Fake News, Historical Denial, and Rival Histories
Authors: Parkes Robert J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEpistemic wobbling is an identified problem among history teachers who today steward their students through critical engagement with fake news, historical denial, and rival histories. This chapter explores epistemic wobbling from the perspective that history teachers are simultaneously members of mnemonic communities because of their ethnic upbringing, and epistemic communities by virtue of their academic education within historiographic and pedagogical traditions, and professional life inside school subject departments. The chapter proposes a research agenda that explores the influence of each of these communities upon teachers’ formal (historical) and practical (didaktik) epistemologies. It theorizes that fostering epistemic fluency, a special form of epistemic reflexivity, or historical consciousness, has the potential to encourage transparency around the epistemic stance and methodological tools being adopted and deployed, arguably critical when dealing with controversial pasts.
“I Never Thought About History This Way”: The Development of Elementary Teachers’ Beliefs About History and How a Professional Learning Community Can Influence These
Authors: Potjer Yolande , Dobber Marjolein , van Boxtel Carla 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, Potjer et al. describe how elementary teachers participating in a professional development program “Historical reasoning in inquiry-based history lessons” develop more nuanced beliefs about the nature of history. Participants’ beliefs about teaching historical inquiry in grades 3–6 develop accordingly. The teachers identify inquiry activities they worked on during the meetings, group discussions, modeling by the facilitator, searching for historical sources, and designing and teaching inquiry-based lessons as important sources of their professional growth. Besides implications for research and future PD programs, the authors describe ramifications for elementary teacher education.
Cornering gravitational entropy
Authors: Kastikainen Jani , Svesko Andrew 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present a new derivation of gravitational entropy functionals in higher-curvature theories of gravity using corner terms that are needed to ensure well-posedness of the variational principle in the presence of corners. This is accomplished by cutting open a manifold with a conical singularity into a wedge with boundaries intersecting at a corner. Notably, our observation provides a rigorous definition of the action of a conical singularity that does not require regularization. For Einstein gravity, we compute the Rényi entropy of gravitational states with either fixed-periodicity or fixed-area boundary conditions. The entropy functional for fixed-area states is equal to the corner term, whose extremization follows from the variation of the Einstein action of the wedge under transverse diffeomorphisms. For general Lovelock gravity the entropy functional of fixed-periodicity states is equal to the Jacobson-Myers (JM) functional, while fixed-area states generalize to fixed-JM-functional states, having a flat spectrum. Extremization of the JM functional is shown to coincide with the variation of the Lovelock action of the wedge. For arbitrary F(Riemann) gravity, under special periodic boundary conditions, we recover the Dong-Lewkowycz entropy for fixed-periodicity states. Since the variational problem in the presence of corners is not well-posed, we conjecture the generalization of fixed-area states does not exist for such theories without additional boundary conditions. Thus, our work suggests the existence of entropy functionals is tied to the existence of corner terms which make the Dirichlet variational problem well-posed.
A new subtraction scheme at NLO exploiting the privilege of kT-factorization
Authors: Giachino Alessandro , van Hameren Andreas , Ziarko Grzegorz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present a subtraction method for the calculation of real-radiation integrals at NLO in hybrid kT-factorization. The main difference with existing methods for collinear factorization is that we subtract the momentum recoil, occurring due to the mapping from an (n + 1)-particle phase space to an n-particle phase space, from the initial-state momenta, instead of distributing it over the final-state momenta.
Subacute Degeneration of Fibers After Vertical Parasagittal Hemispherotomy
Authors: Hittinger Markus , Hartlieb Till , Heiland Dieter Henrik , Heiland Pamela , Pieper Tom , Staudt Martin , Berlis Ansgar , Kudernatsch Manfred , Mader Irina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
After vertical parasagittal hemispherotomy a restricted diffusion is often seen ipsilaterally and even distant from the adjacent resection margin. This retrospective cohort study analyses the anatomic site and the time course of the diffusion restriction after vertical parasagittal hemispherotomy.

Methods
Fifty-nine patients were included into this study, all of them having had one pre-operative and at least one post-operative MRI, including diffusion imaging at b‑values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2 with a calculated ADC.

Results
Diffusion restriction occurred exclusively on the operated site in all patients. In the basal ganglia, diffusion restriction was present in 37 of 38 patients at the first postoperative day with a duration of 38 days. In the midbrain, the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the thalamus, a restricted diffusion became postoperatively prominent at day 9 in all three localizations, with a duration of 36, 34 and 36 days, respectively. The incidence of thalamic lesions was lower if a preoperative damage had occurred.

Conclusion
The restricted diffusion in the basal ganglia resembles direct effects of the operation at its edges, whereas the later appearing diffusion restriction in the midbrain and the posterior limb of the internal capsule rather belong to a degeneration of the descending fibers being transected by the hemispherotomy in the sense of a Wallerian degeneration. The presence of preoperative hemispheric lesions influences the development of diffusion restriction at subacute fiber degeneration.
Bnip3 expression is strongly associated with reelin-positive entorhinal cortex layer II neurons
Authors: Omholt Stig W. , Lejneva Raissa , Donate Maria Jose Lagartos , Caponio Domenica , Fang Evandro Fei , Kobro-Flatmoen Asgeir 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn layer II of the entorhinal cortex, the principal neurons that project to the dentate gyrus and the CA3/2 hippocampal fields markedly express the large glycoprotein reelin (Re + ECLII neurons). In rodents, neurons located at the dorsal extreme of the EC, which border the rhinal fissure, express the highest levels, and the expression gradually decreases at levels successively further away from the rhinal fissure. Here, we test two predictions deducible from the hypothesis that reelin expression is strongly correlated with neuronal metabolic rate. Since the mitochondrial turnover rate serves as a proxy for energy expenditure, the mitophagy rate arguably also qualifies as such. Because messenger RNA of the canonical promitophagic BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (Bnip3) is known to be highly expressed in the EC, we predicted that Bnip3 would be upregulated in Re + ECLII neurons, and that the degree of upregulation would strongly correlate with the expression level of reelin in these neurons. We confirm both predictions, supporting that the energy requirement of Re + ECLII neurons is generally high and that there is a systematic increase in metabolic rate as one moves successively closer to the rhinal fissure. Intriguingly, the systematic variation in energy requirement of the neurons that manifest the observed reelin gradient appears to be consonant with the level of spatial and temporal detail by which they encode information about the external environment.
TREM1+ tumor-associated macrophages secrete CCL7 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis
Authors: Huang Simin , He Longguang , Zhao Yufei , Wei Yuxuan , Wang Qiwen , Gao Yi , Jiang Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and metastasis. Systematic investigation of the cross-talk between TAMs and HCC may help in searching for the critical target to guard against HCC metastasis.

Methods and results
Herein, we found that TREM1 highly expressed in HCC tissue by analyzing the data obtain from GEO database. Interestingly, the results indicated that TREM1 was primarily expressed by monocytes. Immune infiltration studies further validated that TREM1 expression was positively related with increased infiltration of macrophages in HCC tissues. In vitro, we observed that TREM1 knockdown significantly abrogated the effect of TAMs in promoting the metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells. Additionally, cytokine array detection identified CCL7 as the main responsive cytokine following with TREM1 knockdown in TAMs.

Conclusion
Taken together, our findings strongly suggested that high expression of TREM1 was positively associated with metastasis and poor prognosis of HCC. Furthermore, TAMs expressing TREM1 contribute to EMT-based metastasis through secreting CCL7. These results provide a novel insight into the potential development of targeting the TREM1/CCL7 pathway for preventing metastatic HCC.