bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-associated telomere attrition of lymphocytesin vivois co-ordinated with changes in telomerase activity, composition of lymphocyte subsets and health conditions
Authors: Lin Yun , Damjanovic Amanda , Metter E. Jeffrey , Nguyen Huy , Truong Thai , Najarro Kevin , Morris Christa , Longo Dan L. , Zhan Ming , Ferrucci Luigi , Hodes Richard J. , Weng Nan-ping 
Published: October 2014

Telomeres are essential in maintaining chromosome integrity and in controlling cellular replication. Attrition of telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with age is well documented from cross-sectional studies. But the actual in vivo changes in telomere lengths and its relationship with the contributing factors within the individuals with age have not been fully addressed. In the present paper, we report a longitudinal analysis of telomere length in the PBMCs, lymphocytes and monocytes of 216 human subjects aged from 20–90 years assessed at 0-, 5- and 12-year follow-up. For the 5- and 12-year follow-up, telomere length in the PBMCs decreased in 34% and 46%, exhibited no detectable change in 56% and 47% and increased in 10% and 7% of the subjects respectively. The rate of telomere change was distinct for T-cells, B-cells and monocytes for any given subject. Telomerase activity declined with age in the resting T-cells and B-cells and the activated T-cells. Finally, a significant portion of telomere attrition in T-cells with age was explained by a decline in the telomerase activity, decreased naïve cells and the change in physiological conditions such as elevated blood glucose and interleukin (IL)-6 levels. These findings show that changes in the telomere length of the PBMCs with age in vivo occur at different rates in different individuals and cell types and reveal that changes in the telomere length in the T-cells with age is influenced by the telomerase activity, naïve T-cell percentage and changes in health conditions.
Verbal Processing Speed and Executive Functioning in Long-Term Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: AuBuchon Angela M. , Pisoni David B. , Kronenberger William G. 
Published: October 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to report howverbal rehearsal speed (VRS), a form of covert speech used to maintain verbal information in working memory, and another verbal processing speed measure, perceptual encoding speed, are related to 3 domains of executive function (EF) at risk in cochlear implant (CI) users: verbal working memory, fluency-speed, and inhibition-concentration.MethodEF, speech perception, and language outcome measures were obtained from 55 prelingually deaf, long-term CI users and matched controls with normal hearing (NH controls). Correlational analyses were used to assess relations between VRS (articulation rate), perceptual encoding speed (digit and color naming), and the outcomes in each sample.ResultsCI users displayed slower verbal processing speeds than NH controls. Verbal rehearsal speed was related to 2 EF domains in the NH sample but was unrelated to EF outcomes in CI users. Perceptual encoding speed was related to all EF domains in both groups.ConclusionsVerbal rehearsal speed may be less influential for EF quality in CI users than for NH controls, whereas rapid automatized labeling skills and EF are closely related in both groups. CI users may develop processing strategies in EF tasks that differ from the covert speech strategies routinely employed by NH individuals.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170501
3D printed wideband harmonic transceiver for embedded passive wireless monitoring
Authors: Nassar I. , Tsang H. , Weller T. 
Published: October 2014

A three‐dimensional (3D) wideband passive harmonic transceiver for long‐range embedded wireless monitoring is presented. The wideband performance is achieved by integrating two harmonic repeaters with adjacent centre frequencies. Each repeater consists of a frequency doubler and conjugate‐matched receive and transmit meandered monopole antennas. The transceiver operates by receiving a signal at f1 between 2.35 and 2.85 GHz and re‐radiating a signal at 2*f1 and is optimised for low‐power operation. The node fits within a λ/8.3 (at 2.4 GHz) diameter sphere and weighs 2.5 g. The transceiver maximum expected efficiency is 5.6% at −18 dBm input power. The transceiver is fabricated via direct print additive manufacturing.
Object–image‐based quality‐on‐demand energy saving schemes for OLED displays
Authors: Chang Teng‐Chang , Xu Sendren Sheng‐Dong 
Published: October 2014

This Letter studies how to precisely and instantly transform the object images displaying colours on an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) in order to meet both energy saving and personal viewing quality requirements. The proposed method could be applied to a real‐time energy saving transformation of any display media on an OLED and it will save display power consumption up to 74% based on the predicted PSNR = 40 dB. At the same time, it still retains a very good image quality after transformation.
Fast‐transient capacitor‐less low‐dropout regulator with assistant push‐pull output stage using bootstrap technique
Authors: Kim Youngil , Lee Sangsun 
Published: October 2014

An output‐capacitor‐less low‐dropout regulator (LDR) with an assistant push‐pull output stage using a bootstrap technique is proposed. By utilising such a technique, the proposed LDR is able to achieve a fast‐transient response. The proposed LDR was implemented in a standard 0.35 μm CMOS process. Measurement results show that the undershoot of the output voltage is 375 mV at the condition of the load current switching from 1 to 200 mA at a rise time of 500 ns.
Differential rail‐to‐rail voltage‐controlled quadrature ring oscillator for low‐power implantable transceivers
Authors: Moradi A. , Sawan M. 
Published: October 2014

A new low‐power rail‐to‐rail voltage‐controlled quadrature oscillator is presented. This oscillator was implemented to provide the frequency deviation of frequency‐shift‐keying (FSK) modulation in implantable radio‐frequency (RF) transceivers. The quadrature oscillator circuit generates differential in‐phase and quadrature‐phase (I and Q) signals in a two‐stage ring configuration. The proposed structure of delay cells and the start‐up circuit were implemented using IBM 130 nm CMOS technology. The frequency can be tuned between 300 kHz and 11.57 MHz by varying the supply voltage from 0.35 to 0.9 V. An average current of 5.5 µA (2.5 µW) was consumed to generate rail‐to‐rail differential quadrature signals with a frequency of 2 MHz as the target operating point dedicated to low‐power implantable transceivers.
Simple bandwidth‐enhancement technique for miniaturised low‐profile UWB antenna design
Authors: Addaci R. , Hamdiken N. , Fortaki T. , Ferrero F. , Seetharamdoo D. , Staraj R. 
Published: October 2014

Proposed is a simple technique to enhance the bandwidth of a planar monopole antenna with overall dimensions of 30 × 10 mm2. With the proposed method, based on a modified ground plane and a loop feeding structure, the −6 dB bandwidth can be enhanced by ∼50% compared to the basic structure. Based on the simulation results, the antenna achieved a total efficiency higher than 70% on the entire band and the maximum realised gain varied between 2 and 4.8 dB. A prototype has been realised, and good agreement has been obtained between the measured and simulated results.
Interleaved high step‐up zero‐voltage‐switching boost converter with variable inductor control
Authors: Luo Quan‐ming , Yan Huan , Chen Si , Zhou Luo‐wei 
Published: October 2014

An interleaved high step‐up zero‐voltage‐switching boost converter is proposed in this study. The operating principle and voltage gain ratio of the proposed converter are presented. The variable inductor control method is used to regulate the output voltage and to achieve a high‐voltage gain. The design procedure of the variable inductor with a double E core is also presented in detail. Finally, a 40 W prototype with a 12 V input and 100 V output is built to verify the consistency of the theory analysis. The highest efficiency measured is 84.5%.
High efficient series resonant converter using direct power conversion
Authors: Lee Sung‐Ho , Cho Yong‐Won , Cha Woo‐Jun , Kim Kyu‐Tae , Kwon Bong‐Hwan 
Published: October 2014

This study proposes a high efficient series resonant ac–dc converter. The proposed series resonant converter has a structure integrated with an ac chopper. The proposed converter provides turn‐on with zero‐voltage switching of all switches and performs direct power conversion without several power conversion processes. Therefore the proposed converter can achieve high efficiency by minimising losses during ac–dc power conversion. In addition, it achieves high power factor without an additional circuit. The concept and operation principle of the converter are analysed and verified. A 300 W prototype is implemented to show the performance of the proposed converter.
Diversity and Social Trust
Authors: Kolodziej Arkadiusz , Kolodziej-Durnas Agnieszka 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
The labor milieu of merchant seamen is an environment which may be treated as a laboratory to analyze the processes ongoing in contemporary organizations. In this article authors concentrate on two main problems concerning interpersonal relations in a ship in the context of trust: the intercultural communication and the issue of diversity based on other qualities. Today's management practices aimed at economization of work at sea result in the fact that many of deep-sea vessels' crews are multinational teams. Long-term isolation of vessels' crews means good conditions for research on the influence of multiculturalism on interpersonal relations as well as for the level and sort of trust between seamen. The authors make attempt to prove that there is no simple and positive relation between the lack of cultural differences (understanding of others) and the level of trust. On the basis of their qualitative and quantitative research on people working at sea the authors also try to specify the tolerance of seamen toward the others. The diversity dimensions such as age, gender, religion/denomination and sexual orientations are used to describe multiculturalism in categories of acceptance and rejection. In the research presented in the article the authors have used the auditorium questionnaire (n = 224) and 20 in-depth individual interviews with seamen.
Lack of Effect on Embryo Mortality and Fry Growth from Adult Coho Salmon Subjected to Electronarcosis Prior to Spawning
Authors: Hudson J Michael , Kavanagh Maureen , Castle Shawna , Silver Brook 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The use of electronarcosis as a fish immobilization technique has reemerged in recent years. Previous studies have investigated behavioral effects of the technique. But investigations of the physical and physiological effects on fish of electrical immobilization have focused on different electrical waveforms or higher power densities than are used for electronarcosis. This study was designed to determine whether there was a significant negative effect on embryo survival or fry growth among the progeny of adult Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch immobilized by electronarcosis prior to spawning as compared with being immobilized by tricaine methanesulfonate or not being immobilized at all (control). Embryo mortality in family lots ranged from 0.67% to 55.05%, with no statistically significant differences among the treatments and the control. There were significant differences in the size of fry from adults subjected to electronarcosis rather than the other two treatments, but in all cases the fry from adults treated with electronarcosis were larger. These findings support the continued use of electronarcosis as a fish immobilization technique.
Reproductive Variance of Brood Dams and Sires used in Restoration Enhancement of Spotted Seatrout in Texas Bays and Estuaries
Authors: Puritz J B , Renshaw M A , Abrego D , Vega R R , Gold J R 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Spawning patterns and reproductive variance of Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus dams and sires at two restoration enhancement facilities in Texas were assessed across a spawning year by using parentage analysis based on 12 variable microsatellite loci. In total, 72.6% of all dams and sires contributed to at least one spawning event, although in contrasting patterns. Across all spawning events assayed, more sires contributed to each spawn, on average, than did dams; dams had considerably higher variance in reproductive success than sires. Dams alternatively had a higher average contribution to the number of progeny from a single spawn but also a much higher variance in the number of progeny produced per spawn. The variation in the number of progeny produced per dam and per sire and the number of actual mating combinations led to an average reduction of 64.3% in the genetic effective population size (Ne) per spawn relative to the maximum Ne that would be expected if (1) all possible dam × sire mating combinations occurred at random and (2) all families contained an equal number of progeny. Averaged over all spawns, the actual number of mating combinations accounted for approximately 83.6% of the total reduction in Ne, while variation in family size accounted for 16.4% of the total reduction in Ne. Results from this and other studies indicate that reductions in Ne of hatchery- or farm-raised progeny stem primarily from noncontributing dams, suggesting that periodic identification and removal of low-contributing dams from broodfish stocks constitute a critical step toward maximizing the Ne of hatchery offspring used in restoration enhancement.
Culturing Crappies in Indoor Water Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Authors: Dudenhoeffer Gregory A , Hicks Charles E , Gerlach Russell , Zhang Yongfang , Omara-Alwala Thomas R 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Four experiments with feed-trained crappies Pomoxis spp. were conducted to enhance the knowledge of growing crappies as food fish. Two experiments compared growth performance of juvenile Black Crappies P. nigromaculatus and White Crappies P. annularis (1) between fish that were fed two locally available commercial feeds or (2) among fish reared at densities of 0.81, 1.62, 3.25, and 6.50 g/L. No significant difference in growth performance between species was detected. Performance was significantly affected by commercial feed, but survival and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not. An inverse relationship existed between density and growth variables except final biomass, which had a direct relationship with density; survival rate was not different among density levels. For the third experiment, Black Crappie growth in light-blue control tanks was compared with growth in environmentally enhanced tanks (150 L) that had top cover structure (TCS), bottom dark coloring (BDC), or a combination of both. Fish growth was not different between control and enhanced tank treatments but significantly differed between the TCS and BDC treatments. In the fourth experiment, growth was compared between hybrid crappies that were fed using 12- and 24-h belt feeders. Fish that were fed by use of the 12-h belt feeders had improved FCR relative to continuous 24-h feeding. These experiments demonstrated that crappies can be cultured successfully indoors, with no difference in early growth between species. Additionally, crappie growth could be affected by tank environment and by feeding regimen.
Effect of Stocking Size on Growth Performance, Biomass, Production, Yield, and Survival of Caridean Shrimp Cage-Cultured in a Pond System
Authors: Ponce-Palafox Jesús T. , López-Uriostegui Fermín , Arredondo-Figueroa José L , Benítez-Mandujano Mario A , García-Ulloa Gómez Manuel , Esparza-Leal Héctor M , Spanopoulos Hernández Milton 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We evaluated the effect of stocking size on growth performance, biomass, production, yield, and survival of the caridean shrimp Macrobrachium americanum, a freshwater prawn, cultured in cages held in a pond system. The experiment was conducted using 15 cages of 3 m3 placed inside an earthen pond of 1,422 m2 or surface area. Seventy-five prawns were stocked for 180 d at sizes of 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 g, and the initial stocking density was adjusted to 1.7 individuals/m3 for all size groups. Growth performance, biomass, production, yield, and survival were significantly affected by stocking size. The mean final weight fluctuated from 21.3 g for the 5-g stocking size to 82.1 g for the 45-g stocking size, whereas prawns initially stocked at 35 g obtained a biomass of 277.8 g and at 45 g obtained a biomass of 246.3 g and a yield &gt;82.0 g/m3. The specific growth rate decreased with stocking size from 0.78%/d for the 5-g group, to 0.33%/d for the 45-g group. Annual production fluctuated from 28.0 kg/ha for the 5-g group to 88.7 kg/ha for the 45-g group, and yield was from 560.0 kg/ha for the 5-g group to 1,640 kg/ha for the 45-g group. Survival varied from 80.0% for the 5-g group to 60.0% for the 45-g group. The results showed that prawn production in caged-pond systems cultured at lower stocking sizes during the juvenile-adult phase is feasible.
Preharvest Feeding Strategy to Enhance Long-Chain Polyunsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition of the Tail Muscle of Freshwater Prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii Grown in Earthen Ponds
Authors: D’Abramo Louis R 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Three independent experiments were sequentially conducted during separate growing seasons (2009, 2010, and 2012) to determine whether a preharvest change in feed could achieve a desired enhancement of the long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content or the PUFA content of the tail muscle in freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Juvenile freshwater prawns were stocked into 0.05-ha earthen ponds, cultured for 111–122 d, and then harvested. For the first experiment, there were three treatments: exclusive feeding of a commercial prawn feed for 122 d after stocking; exclusive feeding of range cubes for 122 d after stocking; and administering range cubes for 84 d followed by prawn feed for the final 38 d prior to harvest. The second experiment consisted of four treatments: range cubes were fed exclusively for the entire growing season (116 d) or were fed until replaced by the prawn feed at 39, 24, or 17 d prior to harvest. The LC-PUFA profile for the tail muscle of harvested prawns was equivalent between prawns given the prawn feed for the entire growing season and those given the range cubes substituted by the prawn feed for the final 38 or 39 d before harvest. The proportional levels of LC-PUFA in the tail muscle of prawns that received the prawn feed during the final 24 or 17 d prior to harvest were slightly lower. In the third experiment (two treatments), range cubes were administered either throughout the growing season (112 d) or for 84 d followed by the feeding of range cubes sprayed with flaxseed oil (2% weight/weight) for the final 28 d. The percentage (as total fatty acids) of linolenic acid (18:3[n-3]), the principal fatty acid in flaxseed oil, increased 7.8 times in the feed and 3.3 times in the tail muscle of harvested freshwater prawns.
Pooled assembly of marine metagenomic datasets: enriching annotation through chimerism
Authors: Magasin Jonathan D. , Gerloff Dietlind L. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Despite advances in high-throughput sequencing, marine metagenomic samples remain largely opaque. A typical sample contains billions of microbial organisms from thousands of genomes and quadrillions of DNA base pairs. Its derived metagenomic dataset underrepresents this complexity by orders of magnitude because of the sparseness and shortness of sequencing reads. Read shortness and sequencing errors pose a major challenge to accurate species and functional annotation. This includes distinguishing known from novel species. Often the majority of reads cannot be annotated and thus cannot help our interpretation of the sample.
Results: Here, we demonstrate quantitatively how careful assembly of marine metagenomic reads within, but also across, datasets can alleviate this problem. For 10 simulated datasets, each with species complexity modeled on a real counterpart, chimerism remained within the same species for most contigs (97%). For 42 real pyrosequencing (‘454’) datasets, assembly increased the proportion of annotated reads, and even more so when datasets were pooled, by on average 1.6% (max 6.6%) for species, 9.0% (max 28.7%) for Pfam protein domains and 9.4% (max 22.9%) for PANTHER gene families. Our results outline exciting prospects for data sharing in the metagenomics community. While chimeric sequences should be avoided in other areas of metagenomics (e.g. biodiversity analyses), conservative pooled assembly is advantageous for annotation specificity and sensitivity. Intriguingly, our experiment also found potential prospects for (low-cost) discovery of new species in ‘old’ data.
Contact: dgerloff@ffame.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
GeneNet Toolbox for MATLAB: a flexible platform for the analysis of gene connectivity in biological networks
Authors: Taylor Avigail , Steinberg Julia , Andrews Tallulah S. , Webber Caleb 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Summary : We present GeneNet Toolbox for MATLAB (also available as a set of standalone applications for Linux). The toolbox, available as command-line or with a graphical user interface, enables biologists to assess connectivity among a set of genes of interest (‘seed-genes’) within a biological network of their choosing. Two methods are implemented for calculating the significance of connectivity among seed-genes: ‘seed randomization’ and ‘network permutation’. Options include restricting analyses to a specified subnetwork of the primary biological network, and calculating connectivity from the seed-genes to a second set of interesting genes. Pre-analysis tools help the user choose the best connectivity-analysis algorithm for their network. The toolbox also enables visualization of the connections among seed-genes. GeneNet Toolbox functions execute in reasonable time for very large networks (∼10 million edges) on a desktop computer.
Availability and implementation : GeneNet Toolbox is open source and freely available from http://avigailtaylor.github.io/gntat14 .
Supplementary information : Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Contact: avigail.taylor@dpag.ox.ac.uk