bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Judgments of Difficulty (JODs) While Observing an Automated System Support the Media Equation and Unique Agent Hypotheses
Authors: Driggs Jade , Vangsness Lisa 
Published: August 2024

Objective We investigated how people used cues to make Judgments of Difficulty (JODs) while observing automation perform a task and when performing this task themselves. Background Task difficulty is a factor affecting trust in automation; however, no research has explored how individuals make JODs when watching automation or whether these judgments are similar to or different from those made while watching humans. Lastly, it is unclear how cue use when observing automation differs as a function of experience. Method The study involved a visual search task. Some participants performed the task first, then watched automation complete it. Others watched and then performed, and a third group alternated between performing and watching. After each trial, participants made a JOD by indicating if the task was easier or harder than before. Task difficulty randomly changed every five trials. Results A Bayesian regression suggested that cue use is similar to and different from cue use while observing humans. For central cues, support for the UAH was bounded by experience: those who performed the task first underweighted central cues when making JODs, relative to their counterparts in a previous study involving humans. For peripheral cues, support for the MEH was unequivocal and participants weighted cues similarly across observation sources. Conclusion People weighted cues similar to and different from when they watched automation perform a task relative to when they watched humans, supporting the Media Equation and Unique Agent Hypotheses. Application This study adds to a growing understanding of judgments in human–human and human–automation interactions.
“Take a Deep Breath and Re-Center the Student's Perspective”: Partnering Instructors and Disabled Students for Accessible Teaching
Authors: Sievers Julie , Mata Ryan A. , Cawthon Stephanie W. , Vielma Ana Guadalupe , Yan Yiqiu , Lama Desiree , Ge Eric , Ramesh Gayathri , Aldaco Soren 
Published: August 2024

Background Because accessible and anti-ableist teaching is rarely prioritized in instructional development programs, a new initiative was developed at a large, public university. Launched in January 2022, it piloted strategies for shifting instructors’ mindsets about and pedagogical approaches to accessibility. Using a professional learning community model, disabled students served as course consultants to instructors, working closely together in a semester-long partnership. Objective The purpose of this study was to research the program's effects on the participating instructors. Method Multiple raters coded qualitative data collected over a period of five months from meeting notes spanning 30 instructor–student partnership meetings, four all-team meetings, two student focus groups, three instructor focus groups, and six online discussion boards. Results The results showed the mindset shifts and teaching strategies that emerged through this semester-long initiative. They also revealed the program elements that had the greatest impact on instructors. Conclusion This study demonstrates the role that disabled students can play in helping instructors learn about accessibility and how learning community models support substantive changes in teaching. Teaching Implications The results of this study should help psychology teachers and departments improve their courses and engage in ongoing development to improve access and equity in their courses.
The Outcome Evaluation and Impact of Tele-mentoring Prison Medical Officers in Primary Care Psychiatry: A Model from Bihar, India
Authors: Kumar Naveen C. , Reddy B. Sai Chaitanya , Nirisha P. Laxmi , Kumari Shivanee , Subramaniyan Sivakami Sundari , Manjunatha Narayana , Math Suresh Bada 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: As compared to the general population, prison inmates have a high prevalence of mental illness and substance use disorders. The authors designed and implemented a digitally driven, one-year primary care psychiatry program for medical officers in prison and correctional settings to address this need in Bihar, India. Aim: The study aimed to assess the outcome of training given to prison medical officers deputed by the Government of Bihar. Materials and Method: Five medical officers completed training out of the seven deputed. The training contained brief onsite (three-day) training in “Clinical Schedules for Primary Care Psychiatry” and three online (one-year) modules containing tele-psychiatric on-consultation training (tele-OCT), virtual classroom (VCR) sessions, and a public health module. We measured the outcome using translational quotient (TQ) and primary care psychiatry quotient (PCPQ), which were carried out 6 and 12 months after the onset of training. Results: The TQ scores in the first and second tele-OCT evaluations were 64% and 75.2% at 6 and 12 months of the course, suggesting adequate skill retention. Out of 33,565 consultations over 12 months, medical officers identified 2,947 psychiatric disorders requiring treatment, resulting in a PCPQ of 8.7%. Conclusion: Over a year, the training demonstrated efficacy in acquiring primary care psychiatry skills, and these competencies were applied in providing care for those with psychiatric disorders.
Periorbital melanosis and its possible association with insulin resistance and vitamin D deficiency: A pilot case-control study
Authors: Taha Sara I. , Salem Lamyaa , Hassan Rasha Mohamad , El-Bassiouny Mahy , Hamdy Marwa , El-Mohamdy Marwa Adham 
Published: August 2024

Objective To investigate the possible association of periorbital melanosis (POM) with insulin resistance (IR) and vitamin D serum levels. Methods In this pilot, case-control study, we included 100 adult patients with POM and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Vitamin D levels and IR indices (i.e., homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) ratio, adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio) were compared between cases and controls. Results Compared with controls, POM cases had significantly higher values of HOMA-IR and TG/HDL-c ratio, and significantly lower values of A/L and vitamin D. HOMA-IR and TG/HDL-c ratio were statistically significantly positively correlated with POM severity while Vitamin D and A/L ratio were statistically significantly negatively correlated. Conclusion POM was associated with indices of IR and vitamin D deficiency. However, the exact causal link among POM, IR, and vitamin D needs to be established. However, the results of this pilot study suggest that POM may have potential as a cutaneous non-invasive marker of these metabolic disorders which would assist in detecting and treating them at an early stage.
Using intervention mapping to develop an occupational therapy informed intervention for adolescents experiencing mental health difficulties
Authors: Parsonage-Harrison Jackie , Dawes Helen 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Current interventions provide limited success in managing mental health in adolescents with emerging difficulties. We describe using the Intervention Mapping framework to co-develop a novel occupational therapy theory-informed intervention for adolescents with emerging mental health difficulties, addressing the need for interventions tackling activity-related determinants. Methods: We describe a mixed-method, multiphase, sequential study design informed by the six-step Intervention Mapping framework, to develop the Activity Time Use intervention. Involving a systematic scoping review, time-use survey, qualitative focus groups and Delphi consensus process informing the construction of an intervention logic model of the problem, the logic model of change and creation of an intervention programme. Results: An eight-session intervention addresses three behavioural change outcomes: improving the balance of daily activities, improving occupational choice making abilities and improving occupational performance. The programme was positively reviewed through Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) consultation against the seven aspects of acceptability (Sekhon et al., 2017). Next steps include exploring the environmental determinants affecting implementation in different intervention delivery settings and full user acceptability. Conclusions: This study has provided a real-world example of intervention-mapping, systematically developing an occupational therapy intervention to empower adolescents to adopt healthier time-use behaviours to improve their mental health.
Effects of levcromakalim in patients with migraine aura without headache: An experimental study
Authors: Thomsen Andreas Vinther , Al-Karagholi Mohammad Al-Mahdi , Hougaard Anders , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Ashina Messoud 
Published: August 2024

Background/Hypothesis Levcromakalim has previously been shown to induce attacks of migraine with aura in certain individuals. In this study, we tested the migraine-inducing effect of levcromakalim in a cohort of participants with migraine aura without headache. Methods In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study, eight adult participants with migraine with aura received intravenous infusions of levcromakalim and saline. Headache, aura and associated symptoms were evaluated for 24 h following administration of the study drug. The primary endpoint was occurrence of migraine-like attacks with or without aura in the 24-h observation period. Results Five participants (62.5%) developed migraine of any type following levcromakalim compared with three participants (37.5%) following placebo. No participants developed aura following levcromakalim. Conclusion/Interpretation Our findings suggest that the aura-inducing effect of levcromakalim is likely not based on direct induction of cortical spreading depression but may involve activation of the trigeminovascular system. This hypothesis should be further explored in future studies. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04905654
Immunomodulatory effects of the induced pluripotent stem cells through expressing IGF-related factors and IL-10 in vitro
Authors: Bayati Paria , Taherian Marjan , Mojtabavi Nazanin 
Published: August 2024

Background Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (IPSCs) represent an innovative strategy for addressing challenging diseases, including various rheumatologic conditions. Aside from their regenerative capacities, some studies have shown the potential of these cells in the modulation of inflammatory responses. The underlying mechanisms by which they exert their effects have yet to be fully comprehended. Therefore, we aimed to explore the gene expression linked to the IGF pathway as well as IL-10 and TGF-β, which are known to exert immunomodulatory effects. Methods A C57/Bl6 pregnant mouse was used for obtaining mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), then the IPSCs were induced using lentiviral vectors expressing the pluripotency genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF1, and c-MYC). Cells were cultured for 72 h in DMEM high glucose plus leukemia inhibitory factor; Evaluating the gene expression was conducted using specific primers for Igf1, Igf2, Igfbp3, Igfbp4, Irs1, Il-10, and Tgf-β genes, as well as SYBR green qPCR master mix. The data were analyzed using the 2−ΔΔCT method and were compared by employing the t test; the results were plotted using GraphPad PRISM software. MEFs were utilized as controls. Results Gene expression analyses revealed that Igf-1, Igf-bp3, Igf-bp4, and Il-10 were significantly overexpressed ( p ≤ .01), while Igf-2 and Tgf-b genes were significantly downregulated in the lysates from IPSCs in comparison with the control MEFs. The Irs1 gene expression was not altered significantly. Conclusion IPSCs are potentially capable of modulating inflammatory responses through the expression of various anti-inflammatory mediators from the IGF signaling, as well as IL-10. This discovery uncovers a previously unknown dimension of IPSCs’ therapeutic effects, potentially leading to more advanced in vivo research and subsequent clinical trials.
Enhancing mechanical and thermal properties of blends with novel phenylethynyl-terminated siloxane-containing ortho-hydroxy polyimide
Authors: Zhu Guohao , Xu Jilei , Sun Huimin , Chen Ping 
Published: August 2024

A novel phenylethynyl-terminated siloxane-containing ortho-hydroxy polyimide (O-SPI) was synthesized and physically blended with thermoplastic polyimide (PI) to enhance both the thermal and mechanical properties of polyimide, addressing the growing demand for high-performance materials in harsh environments. The blend underwent conversion to semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ( semi-IPNs) and benzoxazole structures through thermal curing of reactive phenylethynyl groups and thermal rearrangement of ortho-hydroxy imide units. The trends in thermal and mechanical properties were investigated in relation to the chemical structures and varying mass fraction of O-SPI. The covalent incorporation of semi-IPNs and rigid benzoxazole structures restrict segmental motion while the backbone linkage confers the toughness of the blends. These synergistic effects insure the cured blends with high glass transition temperatures (472.51°C) and tensile strength (117.81 MPa) simultaneously, demonstrating their potential for applications in challenging conditions.
Exploring Misconceptions of Palliative Care Among Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Abasseri Mostafa , Hoque Shakira , Caldwell Kim , Sheahan Linda , Kochovska Slavica , Agar Meera , Zekry Amany 
Published: August 2024

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is a burdensome form of liver cancer with an increasing global prevalence. Emerging evidence has shown that early palliative care introduction at diagnosis of any life-limiting illness improves patient and carer outcomes. Despite this, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma usually receive palliative care late. These patients are important stakeholders in the provision of palliative care, but their perceived barriers regarding its delivery are poorly defined. Aim This pilot study aimed to identify the barriers perceived by patients to integrating palliative care into the hepatocellular carcinoma treatment algorithm. Design Patients living with hepatocellular carcinoma undertook semi-structured interviews about their perceptions of palliative care. We compared these perceptions before and after providing a brief explanation of palliative care. Interview data was inductively coded in NVivo 12 (2018) and thematically analysed. Results Twenty-one patients were interviewed. 16 perceived palliative care to mean end-of-life therapy, and nine participants had no prior knowledge of palliative care. After hearing a definition of palliative care, 17 participants reported changed positive attitudes. Seven participants supported a name change, including four participants who continued to reject palliative care following the explanation due to the negative stigma associated with the term ‘palliative care’. Conclusion There is significant misperception about the purpose of palliative care among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, constituting a barrier to early integration. This can be feasibly addressed with a two-folded educational and renaming initiative to dispel patient misconceptions regarding palliative care. Effective strategies to achieve this should be developed and tested with relevant stakeholders, particularly patients.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Treatment of Cancer Patients at a Hospital in Peru
Authors: Bravo Leny , Vizcarra Karla , Zavaleta Jenny , Paez Kevin J. , Morante Zaida , Limache-García Abel , Saravia César H. 
Published: August 2024

Background The appearance of the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in Wuhan - China, in 2019 led to the declaration of a COVID-19 pandemic by the World Health Organization. Peru confirmed its first case on March 6, 2020, prompting a significant change in medical care. Purpose Our objective was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer treatment in Peru. Methods A retrospective analysis of hospital data from the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases revealed substantial decreases in oncological treatments in 2020 compared to 2019. Results Oncological treatments involving bone marrow transplantation had a greater impact between the months of April and September, at -100% (p=0.003). However, treatments involving surgery in April (-95% [p≤0.001]), radiotherapy in May (-76% [p=0.002]) and chemotherapy in June (-71% [p≤0.001]) also showed significant impacts. Comparative analysis with international data revealed similar trends in cancer care interruptions in different countries. However, variations in the magnitude of the impact were observed, influenced by regional health policies and the severity of the pandemic. Conclusions The findings underscore the challenges cancer care providers face during public health crises, requiring adaptive strategies to ensure continued access to essential treatments. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive public health responses to mitigate the impact of future crises on cancer care systems.
A study of soft and hard impact effects in single-particle impact dampers
Authors: Akbar Muhammad A , Wong Waion , Rustighi Emiliano 
Published: August 2024

Single-particle impact dampers (SPIDs) are simple, yet impactful devices that mitigate vibrations in various applications such as high-rise structures, machinery, and satellites. However, the high-intensity impact forces transmitted to the host structure pose a risk to older and vulnerable structures. Therefore, this study investigates the performance of SPIDs with soft impacts, employing viscoelastic materials to minimize the impact forces and noise levels without degrading the damping performance. Four different materials (rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate, acrylic and poly-urethane foams) exhibiting different viscoelastic properties are studied and compared with hard impact. An approximate Voigt model for the stiffness and damping coefficient of viscoelastic material is used to conduct numerical simulations and to evaluate the damping performance of SPIDs. Dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) tests are conducted to determine the dynamic properties of viscoelastic materials. An experimental rig which includes a single-degree-of-freedom host structure, and a prototype SPID is designed and manufactured. Experiments are conducted to determine the damping performance, impact force, and noise level with soft impacts and the results are compared with hard impacts. The results reveal a 40% reduction in vibration amplitude at resonance frequency, an impressive 96% reduction in impact force at resonance, an 11.55 dB reduction in the noise level using poly-urethane foam (softest impact) compared to steel (hard impact). Although viscoelastic materials may not be suitable in harsh environmental conditions, this study demonstrates that introducing a viscoelastic material in SPID can resolve its major drawbacks such as impact forces and noise leading to a simple, cost-effective, and safe SPID.
Comparison of 5-year cup and stem migration between ceramic-on-ceramic and ceramic-on-polyethylene bearing in press-fit total hip arthroplasty: a randomised controlled trial using radiostereometric analysis
Authors: Klaassen Amanda D , van Loon Justin , Willigenburg Nienke W , Koster Lennard A , Kaptein Bart L , van der Hulst Victor P M , Haverkamp Daniel , Moojen Dirk Jan F , Poolman Rudolf W 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The inelasticity of ceramic bearings might affect primary stability and migration of implants in press-fit total hip arthroplasty (THA). This randomised controlled trial compares migration patterns of the uncemented Delta-TT cup and H-MAX S stem between ceramic and polyethylene liners, up to 5 years follow-up. Methods: Patients receiving primary press-fit THA were randomly allocated to a ceramic ( n  = 28) or polyethylene ( n  = 25) liner. Migration was measured using model-based radiostereometric analysis (RSA) at baseline and 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 60 months postoperatively and compared between groups using mixed models statistical analysis. The focus of this study is on the 2- to 5-year migration of the Delta-TT cup and migration during complete follow-up of the H-MAX S stem up to 5-years. Results: At 5-year follow-up, mean (95% CI) proximal cup translation was 0.56 (0.37–0.74) mm in ceramic and 0.58 (0.25–0.90) mm in polyethylene ( p  = 0.729). The mean change in adduction was 1.05° (0.27–1.82°) in ceramic and 0.78° (−0.16–1.71°) in polyethylene. Mixed modelling showed that all between-group effects were ⩽0.20 mm for translation and ⩽0.22° for rotation at 5 years postoperatively ( p ⩾ 0.23). Mean cup migration between 2 and 5 years was limited (all parameters <0.17 mm and <0.30°). At 5-year follow-up, mean stem subsidence was 2.09 mm (0.89–3.29 mm) in ceramic and 2.55 (0.97–4.12) mm in polyethylene. The mean change in internal rotation was 3.69° (1.98–5.40°) in ceramic and 4.01° (2.20–5.81°) in polyethylene. Most stem migration occurred up to 1.5 months, stabilising afterwards. All between-group effects were ⩽0.75 mm for translations and ⩽1.41° for rotations ( p ⩾ 0.26). Conclusions: 5-year migration patterns of press-fit cups and stems were similar between ceramic and polyethylene liners. The Delta-TT cup and H-MAX S stem showed secondary stabilisation and remained stable up to 5 years in both groups, which is promising for long-term survival with both liner types. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03093038)
Examining change in the mental health of young people with epilepsy following a successful psychological intervention
Authors: Nizza Isabella E , Smith Jonathan A , Bennett Sophie D , Chorpita Bruce , Cross J Helen , Heyman Isobel , Moss-Morris Rona , Blackstone James , Coughtrey Anna E , Dalrymple Emma , Shah Mariam , D’oelsnitz Anaïs ,   MICE Study Group, Shafran Roz 
Published: August 2024

Objective Evaluate the cognitive, behavioural and affective processes involved in therapeutic change for young people with epilepsy and mental health difficulties receiving an integrated mental health intervention. Methods As part of a mixed methods convergent design, qualitative data were gathered in parallel to quantitative data at two timepoints in a randomised controlled trial testing the Mental Health Intervention for Children with Epilepsy in addition to usual care. Twenty-five young people and/or their families were interviewed before and after the intervention about the young person’s mental and physical health, and their experience of therapy. Interview data were analysed inductively, idiographically and longitudinally using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis combined with Framework Analysis. Results The young people’s emotional and behaviour problems improved, mirroring the trial’s quantitative outcomes. Their anxiety decreased and behaviour improved as they acquired tools and understanding through therapy. Problems, like aggressive behaviours and emotional outbursts, were also reduced, with young people gaining increased awareness and ability to self-regulate and parents learning to contain their child’s impulsive behaviours. Conclusions The qualitative findings complement the MICE trial’s significant positive quantitative results by providing insight and context to the therapeutic change, providing vivid insight into the mechanisms of therapy for individual families.