bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bi‐Metallic Phosphide Electrocatalyst‐Integrated Li2S Cathode for High‐Performance Anode‐Free Li–S Batteries
Authors: Sul Hyunki , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSluggish redox kinetics and severe polysulfide shuttling are major hurdles for the commercialization of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Transition‐metal compound catalysts offer a promising solution by providing excellent polysulfide adsorption capabilities, outstanding catalytic activities, and homogeneous nucleation control of Li2S2/Li2S. The electronic structure of transition‐metal sites in catalysts can also be fine‐tuned through bi‐metallic coupling, which can further improve the catalytic activities. In this study, bi‐metallic nickel molybdenum phosphide is co‐synthesized with Li2S and carbon through a carbothermal reduction process, forming a cathode composite (Li2S @ NixMoyPz @ C). This process is not only advantageous for large‐scale manufacturing due to its simplicity, but also ensures homogeneous integration and distribution of the catalyst within the cathode composite. Furthermore, applying Li2S as an active material allows the creation of an anode‐free cell configuration, enhancing the overall cell energy density. The anode‐free cell with the Li2S @ NixMoyPz @ C composite cathode demonstrates an outstanding capacity retention of 50% over 300 cycles at a negative‐to‐positive capacity (N/P) ratio of 1. Additionally, the bi‐metallic phosphide integrated Li2S cathode composite delivers a remarkable anode‐free pouch cell performance of 703 mA h g−1 (on Li2S basis) under the challenging conditions of an E/Li2S ratio of 4.5.
Ordered Transfer from 3D‐Oriented MOF Superstructures to Polymeric Films: Microfabrication, Enhanced Chemical Stability, and Anisotropic Fluorescent Patterns
Authors: Brandner Lea A. , Marmiroli Benedetta , Linares‐Moreau Mercedes , Barella Mariano , Abbasgholi‐NA Behnaz , Velásquez‐Hernández Miriam de J. , Flint Kate L. , Dal Zilio Simone , Acuna Guillermo P. , Wolinski Heimo , Amenitsch Heinz , Doonan Christian J. , Falcaro Paolo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFilms and patterns of 3D‐oriented metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) afford well‐ordered pore structures extending across centimeter‐scale areas. These macroscopic domains of aligned pores are pivotal to enhance diffusion along specific pathways and orient functional guests. The anisotropic properties emerging from this alignment are beneficial for applications in ion conductivity and photonics. However, the structure of 3D‐oriented MOF films and patterns can rapidly degrade under humid and acidic conditions. Thus, more durable 3D‐ordered porous systems are desired for practical applications. Here, oriented porous polymer films and patterns are prepared by using heteroepitaxially oriented N3‐functionalized MOF films as precursor materials. The film fabrication protocol utilizes an azide–alkyne cycloaddition on the Cu2(AzBPDC)2DABCO MOF. The micropatterning protocol exploits the X‐ray sensitivity of azide groups in Cu2(AzBPDC)2DABCO, enabling selective degradation in the irradiated areas. The masked regions of the MOF film retain their N3‐functionality, allowing for subsequent cross‐linking through azide‐alkyne coupling. Subsequent acidic treatment removes the Cu ions from the MOF, yielding porous polymer micro‐patterns. The polymer has high chemical stability and shows an anisotropic fluorescent response. The use of 3D‐oriented MOF systems as precursors for the fabrication of oriented porous polymers will facilitate the progress of optical components for photonic applications.
Genetic Engineering Bacillus thuringiensis Enable Melanin Biosynthesis for Anti‐Tumor and Anti‐Inflammation
Authors: Chen Meng , Guo Bingbing , Cheng Hui , Wang Weiyi , Jin Junyi , Zhang Yingyi , Deng Xiaolian , Yang Wenjun , Wu Chenyao , Gao Xiang , Yu Dehong , Feng Wei , Chen Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCollaboration between cancer treatment and inflammation management has emerged as an integral facet of comprehensive cancer care. Nevertheless, the development of interventions concurrently targeting both inflammation and cancer has encountered significant challenges stemming from various external factors. Herein, a bioactive agent synthesized by genetically engineering melanin‐producing Bacillus thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis) bacteria, simultaneously achieves eco‐friendly photothermal agent and efficient reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) scavenger benefits, perfectly tackling present toughies from inflammation to cancer therapies. The biologically derived melanin exhibits exceptional photothermal‐conversion performance, facilitating potent photonic hyperthermia that effectively eradicates tumor cells and tissues, thereby impeding tumor growth. Additionally, the RONS‐scavenging properties of melanin produced by B. thuringiensis bacteria contribute to inflammation reduction, augmenting the efficacy of photothermal tumor repression. This study presents a representative paradigm of genetic engineering in B. thuringiensis bacteria to produce functional agents tailored for diverse biomedical applications, encompassing inflammation and cancer therapy.
Deciphering the Transcriptional Regulatory Network Governing Starch and Storage Protein Biosynthesis in Wheat for Breeding Improvement
Authors: Zhao Long , Chen Jinchao , Zhang Zhaoheng , Wu Wenying , Lin Xuelei , Gao Mingxiang , Yang Yiman , Zhao Peng , Xu Shengbao , Yang Changfeng , Yao Yingyin , Zhang Aimin , Liu Dongcheng , Wang Dongzhi , Xiao Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStarch and seed storage protein (SSP) composition profoundly impact wheat grain yield and quality. To unveil regulatory mechanisms governing their biosynthesis, transcriptome, and epigenome profiling is conducted across key endosperm developmental stages, revealing that chromatin accessibility, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 collectively regulate SSP and starch genes with varying impact. Population transcriptome and phenotype analyses highlight accessible promoter regions’ crucial role as a genetic variation resource, influencing grain yield and quality in a core collection of wheat accessions. Integration of time‐serial RNA‐seq and ATAC‐seq enables the construction of a hierarchical transcriptional regulatory network governing starch and SSP biosynthesis, identifying 42 high‐confidence novel candidates. These candidates exhibit overlap with genetic regions associated with grain size and quality traits, and their functional significance is validated through expression‐phenotype association analysis among wheat accessions and loss‐of‐function mutants. Functional analysis of wheat abscisic acid insensitive 3‐A1 (TaABI3‐A1) with genome editing knock‐out lines demonstrates its role in promoting SSP accumulation while repressing starch biosynthesis through transcriptional regulation. Excellent TaABI3‐A1Hap1 with enhanced grain weight is selected during the breeding process in China, linked to altered expression levels. This study unveils key regulators, advancing understanding of SSP and starch biosynthesis regulation and contributing to breeding enhancement.
Insights into a Defective Potassium Sulfido Cobaltate: Giant Magnetic Exchange Bias, Ionic Conductivity, and Electrical Permittivity
Authors: Ghazanfari M. Reza , Steinberg Simon , Siemensmeyer Konrad , Vrijmoed Johannes C. , Tallu Mirko , Dehnen Stefanie , Thiele Günther 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe novel potassium sulfido cobaltate, K2[Co3S4] is introduced, with 25% vacancies of the cobalt positions within a layered anionic sublattice. The impedance and dielectric investigations indicate a remarkable ionic conductivity of 21.4 mS cm−1 at room temperature, which is in the range of highest ever reported values for potassium‐ions, as well as a high electrical permittivity of 2650 at 1 kHz, respectively. Magnetometry results indicate an antiferromagnetic structure with giant intrinsic exchange bias fields of 0.432 and 0.161 T at 3 and 20 K respectively, potentially induced by a combination of the interfacial effect of combined magnetic anionic and nonmagnetic cationic sublattices, as well as partial spin canting. The stability of the exchange bias behavior is confirmed by a training effect of less than 18% upon 10 hysteresis cycles. The semiconductivity of the material is determined, both experimentally and theoretically, with a bandgap energy of 1.68 eV. The findings render this material as a promising candidate for both, active electrode material in potassium‐ion batteries, and for spintronic applications.
Charge Transport in Blue Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Shuxin , Lin Wenxin , Feng Haonan , Blom Paul W. M. , Huang Jiangxia , Li Jiahao , Lin Xiongfeng , Guo Yulin , Liang Wenlin , Wu Longjia , Niu Quan , Ma Yuguang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are extensively studied nowadays, their charge transport mechanism remains a subject of ongoing debate. Here, the hole transport in blue quantum dots (QDs) (CdZnSe/ZnSe/ZnS/CdZnS/ZnS based) is investigated by combining current‐voltage and transient electroluminescence measurements. The study demonstrates that the hole transport in QD thin films is characterized by a trap‐free space‐charge‐limited current with a zero‐field room temperature mobility of 4.4 × 10−11 m2 V−1 s−1. The zero‐field hole mobility is thermally activated with an activation energy of 0.30 eV. Applying the Extended Gaussian Disorder model provides a consistent description of the QD hole current as a function of voltage and temperature. The QD hole mobility is characterized by a hopping distance of 2.8 nm in a Gaussian broadened density of states with a width of 0.12 eV.
Insights into Cation Migration and Intermixing in Advanced Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Shu , Yang Zhuo , Lu Yong , Xie Weiwei , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCathode materials are the core components of lithium‐ion batteries owing to the determination of the practical voltage and effective energy of the battery system. However, advanced cathodes have faced challenges related to cation migration and cation intermixing. In this review, the study summarizes the structural failure mechanisms due to the cation mixing of advanced cathodes, including Ni‐rich and Li‐rich layered cathodes, spinel, olivine, and disordered rock‐salt materials. This review starts by discussing the structural degradation mechanisms caused by cation intermixing in different cathodes, focusing on the electronic structure, crystal structure, and electrode structure. Furthermore, the optimization strategies for effective inhibition of cation migration and rational utilization of cation mixing are systematically encapsulated. Last but not least, the remaining challenges and proposed perspectives are highlighted for the future development of advanced cathodes. The accurate analysis of cation migration using advanced characterization, precise control of material synthesis, and multi‐dimensional synergistic modification will be the key research areas for cation migration in cathodes. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of cation migration and intermixing in advanced cathodes. The effective inhibition of cation migration and the rational utilization of cation intermixing will emerge as pivotal and controllable factors for the further development of advanced cathodes.
Medical students' reproductive health perspectives: Pre‐ and post‐Roe v Wade reversal
Authors: Jenkins Morgan , Hayslip Margaret , Bruce Channing Freeman , Robin Nathaniel H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ability to make informed decisions about reproductive health is a cornerstone principle of the practice of prenatal medical genetics. Unfortunately, these reproductive health decisions have become entangled in the current, contentious political climate. This debate reached an inflection point in 2022 with Dobbs v. Jackson when the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) overturned the national right to abortion previously established in Roe v. Wade. This decision prompted a reassessment of the opinions of medical students on reproductive health and abortion. Our study focused on a medical school in Alabama, a conservative state that enacted a restrictive abortion ban following the Dobbs ruling. Two surveys, conducted in 2015 and 2022, explored students' viewpoints on reproductive health topics, including abortion. The comparison revealed a significant shift toward more pro‐choice perspectives among medical students. Notably, religious affiliation did not consistently align with opinions, as many Christian students supported pro‐choice views. Our results suggest that medical students' reproductive health opinions at our institution have shifted to a more pro‐choice position over the last decade.
Development of an Organic Emitter Exhibiting Reverse Intersystem Crossing Faster than Intersystem Crossing
Authors: Okumura Ryosuke , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Shizu Katsuyuki , Fukushima Shohei , Yasuda Yuka , Kaji Hironori 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), acceleration of reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and suppression of intersystem crossing (ISC) are demanded to shorten a lifetime of triplet excitons. As a system realizing RISC faster than ISC, inverted singlet‐triplet excited states (iST) with a negative energy difference (ΔEST) between the lowest excited singlet and the lowest triplet states have been gathering much attention recently. Here, we have focused on an asymmetric hexa‐azaphenalene (A6AP) core to obtain a new insight into iST. Based on A6AP, we have newly designed A6AP‐Cz with the calculated ΔEST of −44 meV. The experimental studies of a synthesized A6AP‐Cz revealed that the lifetime of delayed fluorescence (τDF) was only 54 ns, which was the shortest among all organic materials. The rate constant of RISC (kRISC=1.9×107 s−1) was greater than that of ISC (kISC=1.0×107 s−1). The negative ΔEST of A6AP‐Cz was experimentally confirmed from 1) the kRISC and kISC (−45 meV) and 2) the temperature‐dependent τDF. 3) The onsets of fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra at 77 K also supported the evidence of negative ΔEST (−73 meV). This study demonstrated the potential of A6AP as an iST core for the first time.
Myological and osteological approaches to gape and bite force reconstruction in Smilodon fatalis
Authors: Deutsch Ashley R. , Berger Arin , Martens Lara L. , Witt Benjamin R. , Smith Rachel L. J. , Hartstone‐Rose Adam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMasticatory gape and bite force are important behavioral and ecological variables. While much has been written about the highly derived masticatory anatomy of Smilodon fatalis, there remains a great deal of debate about their masticatory behaviors. To that end, we establish osteological proxies for masticatory adductor fascicle length (FL) based on extant felids and apply these along with previously validated techniques to S. fatalis to provide estimates of fascicle lengths, maximum osteological gapes, and bite force. While the best correlated FL proxies in extant felids do not predict particularly long fascicles, these proxies may be of value for less morphologically distinct felids. A slightly less well correlated proxy predicts a temporalis FL 15% longer than that of Panthera tigris. While angular maximum bony gape is significantly larger in S. fatalis than it is in extant felids, linear gape at the canine tip and carnassial notch were not significantly different from those of extant felids. Finally, we produce anatomical bite force estimates of 1283.74 N at the canine and 4671.41 N at the carnassial, which are similar in magnitude to estimates not of the largest felids but of the much smaller P. onca, with S. fatalis producing slightly less force at the canines and more at the carnassials. These estimates align with previous predictions that S. fatalis may have killed large prey with canine shearing bites produced, in part, by force contributions of the postcranial muscles.
Integrating routine blood biomarkers and artificial intelligence for supporting diagnosis of silicosis in engineered stone workers
Authors: Sanchez‐Morillo Daniel , León‐Jiménez Antonio , Guerrero‐Chanivet María , Jiménez‐Gómez Gema , Hidalgo‐Molina Antonio , Campos‐Caro Antonio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEngineered stone silicosis (ESS), primarily caused by inhaling respirable crystalline silica, poses a significant occupational health risk globally. ESS has no effective treatment and presents a rapid progression from simple silicosis (SS) to progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), with respiratory failure and death. Despite the use of diagnostic methods like chest x‐rays and high‐resolution computed tomography, early detection of silicosis remains challenging. Since routine blood tests have shown promise in detecting inflammatory markers associated with the disease, this study aims to assess whether routine blood biomarkers, coupled with machine learning techniques, can effectively differentiate between healthy individuals, subjects with SS, and PMF. To this end, 107 men diagnosed with silicosis, ex‐workers in the engineered stone (ES) sector, and 22 healthy male volunteers as controls not exposed to ES dust were recruited. Twenty‐one primary biochemical markers derived from peripheral blood extraction were obtained retrospectively from clinical hospital records. Relief‐F features selection technique was applied, and the resulting subset of 11 biomarkers was used to build five machine learning models, demonstrating high performance with sensitivities and specificities in the best case greater than 82% and 89%, respectively. The percentage of lymphocytes, the angiotensin‐converting enzyme, and lactate dehydrogenase indexes were revealed, among others, as blood biomarkers with significant cumulative importance for the machine learning models. Our study reveals that these biomarkers could detect a chronic inflammatory status and potentially serve as a supportive tool for the diagnosis, monitoring, and early detection of the progression of silicosis.
Teaching exploration and practice of new engineering medical–engineering integration professional courses under the background of digital education
Authors: Luo Yue , Zhao Shuting , Wen Chuanbiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (referred to as the Ministry of Education) has issued a series of training plans for outstanding engineers in new engineering disciplines, emphasizing accelerating the digital transformation of education and promoting the cultivation of interdisciplinary talents. The teaching purpose of medical–engineering integration professional courses is to cultivate new engineering talents with interdisciplinary backgrounds in medicine and engineering technology. This article aims to cultivate the comprehensive engineering practical ability of new medical information engineering talents to explore a new model based on the deep integration of Massive, Open, Online, and Course, and Conceive, Design, Implement, and Operate engineering talent training. This model integrates a variety of teaching methods, such as flipped classroom and project teaching, which is more conducive to achieving the talent training goals of cultivating innovative thinking, interdisciplinary thinking, analysis and problem‐solving abilities, and teamwork skills. This study uses the “Introduction to Digital Healthcare” course as an example to carry out the teaching practice of the new model, showing the practicability and effectiveness of this teaching model in cultivating the comprehensive practical literacy of new engineering talents. In summary, the new model proposed in this article can provide a reference for the teaching of medical information engineering professional courses and also provide a new model of thinking for the teaching of medical–engineering integration professional courses.
Seeds of Hyoscyamus muticus L. subsp. falezlez: Morpho‐Anatomical Features, Phytochemical Investigation and Evidence for Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Ayari‐Guentri Sofia , Saad Somia , Ait Kettout Tassadit , Gaceb‐Terrak Rabéa , Djemouai Nadjette 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work aims to describe the morpho‐anatomy and determine the mineral composition of H. muticus L. subsp. falezlez seed, and investigate the influence of extraction solvents (hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol) on contents of total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) and the antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, reducing power and phenanthroline). The mineral content analysis revealed the presence of different elements. The results indicated that the seed extract obtained by methanol exhibited the highest yield and TPC (82.07 % and 27.14±2.2 μg GAE/mg), while the chloroform extract had the maximum TFC (24.63±0.4 μg QE/mg). In addition, all seed extracts showed excellent performances on DPPH scavenging activity. However, methanolic extract was the most effective extraction solvent for scavenging ABTS free radicals (IC50<12.5 μg/mL). Chloroform and petroleum ether extracts were the most potent in phenanthroline activity. GC‐MS analysis identified 28 phytochemical compounds in all extracts and 16 compounds were identified by HPLC/DAD analysis of the methanolic extract. The multivariate analysis results highlighted the influence of solvents on the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of seed extracts. The results suggest that H. muticus L. seeds can be a promising source enriched with bioactive constituents for application in the pharmaceutical industry.
Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with calcineurin inhibitor induction doses in patients with a kidney transplant
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Govea Alfredo , Jalomo‐Martínez Basilio , Evangelista‐Carrillo Luis Alberto , Cerrillos‐Gutiérrez José Ignacio , Medina‐Pérez Miguel 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageWe present a case of a 23‐year‐old male who developed thrombotic microangiopathy associated with the induction dose of tacrolimus. Get an early diagnosis and give timely treatment of thrombotic microangiopathy is essential to improve the prognosis of the kidney transplant.
VEXAS syndrome as a cause for multifocal, relapsing head and neck inflammation
Authors: Heeney Aoife , Wu Rachael , Fitzgerald Conall , Orfali Nina , Akasheh Nadim , Magee Conor 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageVEXAS syndrome (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X‐linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) is a novel autoinflammatory syndrome. We describe a case of VEXAS syndrome with upper airway and oral cavity involvement which are not well described in the literature.
Comparing Calcium Sulfate Fouling on Polymeric and Metal Heat Transfer Surfaces
Authors: Pelz Philipp , Schulz Julian , Mavaddat Poorya , Meyer Conrad , Jasch Katharina , Scholl Stephan , von Harbou Erik , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFouling mitigation provides many challenges in process equipment, especially in heat exchangers. In this work, the fouling behaviors of two polymers are compared to 1.4301 stainless steel (SS) in calcium sulfate solutions. An experimental setup that allows to classify the materials quickly and under varying process conditions is used to determine the fouling behavior. Results are compared to a screening apparatus which can test up to three materials simultaneously. Finally, the cleaning behavior of all three materials is investigated. Results show that polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is superior to SS in mitigating fouling and is easier to clean; however, polyether ether ketone with 30 % talcum (TKT) is not. This is attributed to the surface roughness of the materials.