bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phototropins Function in High-Intensity Blue Light-Induced Hypocotyl Phototropism in Arabidopsis by Altering Cytosolic Calcium
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Wang Yan-Liang , Qiao Xin-Rong , Wang Jin , Wang Lin-Dan , Xu Chang-Shui , Zhang Xiao 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Phototropins (phot1 and phot2), the blue light receptors in plants, regulate hypocotyl phototropism in a fluence-dependent manner. Especially under high fluence rates of blue light (HBL), the redundant function mediated by both phot1 and phot2 drastically restricts the understanding of the roles of phot2. Here, systematic analysis of phototropin-related mutants and overexpression transgenic lines revealed that HBL specifically induced a transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyls and that the increase in [Ca2+]cyt was primarily attributed to phot2. Pharmacological and genetic experiments illustrated that HBL-induced Ca2+ increases were modulated differently by phot1 and phot2. Phot2 mediated the HBL-induced increase in [Ca2+]cyt mainly by an inner store-dependent Ca2+-release pathway, not by activating plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. Further analysis showed that the increase in [Ca2+]cyt was possibly responsible for HBL-induced hypocotyl phototropism. An inhibitor of auxin efflux carrier exhibited significant inhibitions of both phototropism and increases in [Ca2+]cyt, which indicates that polar auxin transport is possibly involved in HBL-induced responses. Moreover, PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE1 (PKS1), the phototropin-related signaling element identified, interacted physically with phototropins, auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED1 and calcium-binding protein CALMODULIN4, in vitro and in vivo, respectively, and HBL-induced phototropism was impaired in pks multiple mutants, indicating the role of the PKS family in HBL-induced phototropism. Together, these results provide new insights into the functions of phototropins and highlight a potential integration point through which Ca2+ signaling-related HBL modulates hypocotyl phototropic responses.
Golgi Traffic and Integrity Depend on N-Myristoyl Transferase-1 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Renna Luciana , Stefano Giovanni , Majeran Wojciech , Micalella Chiara , Meinnel Thierry , Giglione Carmela , Brandizzi Federica 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
N-myristoylation is a crucial irreversible eukaryotic lipid modification allowing a key subset of proteins to be targeted at the periphery of specific membrane compartments. Eukaryotes have conserved N-myristoylation enzymes, involving one or two N-myristoyltransferases (NMT1 and NMT2), among which NMT1 is the major enzyme. In the postembryonic developmental stages, defects in NMT1 lead to aberrant cell polarity, flower differentiation, fruit maturation, and innate immunity; however, no specific NMT1 target responsible for such deficiencies has hitherto been identified. Using a confocal microscopy forward genetics screen for the identification of Arabidopsis thaliana secretory mutants, we isolated STINGY, a recessive mutant with defective Golgi traffic and integrity. We mapped STINGY to a substitution at position 160 of Arabidopsis NMT1 (NMT1A160T). In vitro kinetic studies with purified NMT1A160T enzyme revealed a significant reduction in its activity due to a remarkable decrease in affinity for both myristoyl-CoA and peptide substrates. We show here that this recessive mutation is responsible for the alteration of Golgi traffic and integrity by predominantly affecting the Golgi membrane/cytosol partitioning of ADP-ribosylation factor proteins. Our results provide important functional insight into N-myristoylation in plants by ascribing postembryonic functions of Arabidopsis NMT1 that involve regulation of the functional and morphological integrity of the plant endomembranes.
Cathodic protection design of the 220 kV substation grounding grids
Authors: Dong Xinlu , Yang Daowu , Guan Xiaoxiao , Du Min , Liu Di 
Published: May 2013

PurposeReliable grounding is an important condition for the stable operation of substations and cathodic protection is one of the electrochemical protection technologies for substation grounding grids. The purpose of this paper is to consider the design proposal, installation, construction requirements and monitoring methods for Hunan 220 kV substation grounding grid.Design/methodology/approachThis paper treated Hunan 220 kV substation grounding grid as a research object. The physical and chemical data of three soil samples were measured, German DIN50929 evaluation criteria were used to assess its corrosion and a sacrificial anode cathodic protection design was selected, based on advanced concepts.FindingsThe design proposal, installation, construction requirements and monitoring methods for the 220 kV substation grounding grid were clearly explained and recommended for implementation.Originality/valueThis paper has some guidance on design ideas and the selection method for substation sacrificial anode cathodic protection.
Detection of the corrosion degree of beverage cans using a novel electrochemical sensor
Authors: Zheng Xin , Xia Dahai , Wang Huihui , Fu Congwei 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report a novel electrochemical sensor designed to detect the corrosion of metal cans used for beverage packaging.Design/methodology/approachElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical noise (EN) were performed to detect the corrosion degree of beverage cans that had been stored for 1 month (named s1), 3 months (named s2), 27 months (named s3) and 43 months (named s4).FindingsThe EIS results showed that the EIS plot of s1 samples had not developed to a characteristic of two time‐constants, indicating that the coating showed good protective performance. The EIS plots of s2, s3 and s4 showed characteristics of two time‐constants, indicating that the organic coatings of s2, s3, and s4 had lost their protective performance. EN results showed that quantities and amplitudes of transient peaks increased with the increasing storage time, indicating that an increasing degree of local corrosion occurred within the cans. A corrosion process for beverage cans is discussed and can be considered in three stages.Originality/valueThe designed electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to detect the performance of beverage cans and, further, provided scientific proof to evaluate the shelf life of metal cans for packaging.
Exploring meat substitutes: consumer experiences and contextual factors
Authors: Elzerman Johanna E. , van Boekel Martinus A.J.S. , Luning Pieternel A. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeMeat substitutes can be environmentally more sustainable alternatives to meat. However, the image of these products in The Netherlands is still low. The purpose of this paper is to explore consumers' experiences and sensory expectations of meat substitutes and the appropriateness of the use of meat substitutes in meals.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 46 consumers took part in seven focus group discussions. These discussions consisted of three steps, starting with a general discussion on meat substitutes, followed by a discussion on the appropriateness of the use of meat substitutes as ingredients (minced, in pieces or slices) by using photographs of six different dishes (soup, pasta, rice, wrap, meal salad, and pizza). The discussions were concluded with a taste session of two dishes with meat substitutes.FindingsConsumers in this study regarded health aspects and easy preparation as positive aspects of meat substitutes. Lack of information on the package, and high price were reported as negative. Sensory aspects such as neutral taste or tastiness, crispiness, chicken‐like texture, or granular texture were seen as positive attributes. Negative sensory aspects that were mentioned were uniform taste, compactness, dryness and softness. Most consumers found the use of meat substitutes appropriate in the dishes we presented.Originality/valueThe paper's findings can, together with quantitative consumer and sensory research, be a start towards consumer‐oriented product development of environmentally more sustainable meat substitutes. The central role of meal context and appropriateness is an aspect that has not yet received much attention in food science.
Psychological well‐being and the role of food in healthy middle‐aged and older women who have experienced acute gastrointestinal disturbances
Authors: Gamble Jo , Skinner Margot , Jaeger Sara 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of self reported gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances in middle aged and older women and the role of food in alleviating these disturbances, so that the effect of food on overall psychological state when experiencing the disturbances and their alleviation can be explored.Design/methodology/approachOne‐on‐one interviews with general questions and laddering/means‐end chain (MEC) elicitation were used to reveal both physical and psychological impacts of GI disturbances and alleviation of the disturbances in women aged between 45 and 70 years old.FindingsIn terms of the laddering procedure and cognitive mapping, the number of linkages apparent between concrete and abstract levels demonstrated a complex map of cognitions regarding GI disturbances that involved both physical and psychological impacts. Positive or negative framing of context altered the cognitions revealed in the laddering, with the role of food highlighting these differences.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, MEC theory has not been applied to explore the impact of acute GI disturbances in healthy participants on their quality of life. The exploratory research demonstrates that mild and/or acute experiences of GI dysfunction have negative impacts on psychological well‐being, similar in type to those suffering from chronic conditions and deepens our understanding of the complexity of inter‐relationships between components of well‐being in the context of gut health.
Remembered eating experiences described by the self, place, food, context and time
Authors: Kauppinen‐Räisänen Hannele , Gummerus Johanna , Lehtola Katariina 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore remembered positive eating and food experiences, aiming to gain an understanding of the nature of these past experiences.Design/methodology/approachPositive food‐related experiences were gathered through focus group interviews. These experiences were inductively categorised into recurring themes and dimensions within the themes.FindingsAn analysis of the qualitative data led to the recognition of several themes involving eating that were related to childhood memories, eating related to tourist experiences, as well as memories of commensal eating and homemade food. The experiences were drawn together into dimensions to provide deeper comprehension of the observed themes. As a result, the study suggests that remembered eating and food experiences are characterised by the self, place, food, context and time.Practical implicationsThe study provides knowledge on what constitutes memorable positive and pleasurable food‐related experiences, which the consumer may even want to relive. Hence, the study helps managers understand the significance of providing food‐related experiences that become memorable.Originality/valueThe context was not predetermined to a particular eating setting, which resulted in a multidimensional framework of remembered experiences with several implications. The approach provided new insights into understanding the effects of positive and pleasurable food‐related experiences.
Role of classification schemes in organization of Islamic knowledge in libraries
Authors: Idrees Haroon 
Published: May 2013

PurposeClassification systems play a fundamental role in the organization, display, retrieval and access to the knowledge materials in libraries. These systems have served the purpose adequately in most of knowledge areas; nevertheless, some grey areas lack proper place and enumeration in these systems. Islamic knowledge is among the areas that have not been properly addressed. The purpose of this paper is to examine this problem and indicate a potential solution.Design/methodology/approachThis paper expands on the author's earlier research which focused on Pakistan library collections. Empirical data have been collected from 16 LIS scholars who have interest in or expertise on this issue through interviews. Scholars are from Pakistan, India, Malaysia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UK, the USA and Canada. A review of the literature is also presented.FindingsA number of approaches have been taken to work around the deficiencies of the standard classification systems when it comes to Islamic knowledge and publications, including indigenous systems and expansions. Details of some of these are presented. A range of possible improvements to existing classification systems was suggested by scholars, and an outline of what is required in a new, independent system is discussed, along with ideas about the best way for this system to be developed.Originality/valueThe paper discusses an area of professional concern that has been discussed widely in Islamic countries, but only in a limited fashion outside of Islamic countries. Thus, the paper should be of interest to researchers and practitioners interested in cataloguing and classification theory.
Social and lifestyle factors associated with hypertension in Bahraini community
Authors: Musaiger Abdulrahman O. , Al‐Mannai Mariam , Al‐Roomi Khaldoon 
Published: May 2013

PurposeHypertension is one of important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which represents 30 per cent of annual total deaths in Bahrain. Studies on factors associated with hypertension in Bahrain are very limited. The present paper aimed to highlight some social and lifestyle factors that may be associated with hypertension in Bahraini community.Design/methodology/approachA cross‐sectional household survey was carried out using a multistage sampling technique to select 514 Bahraini adults aged 30‐79 years. A pretested validated questionnaire was used. History of hypertension and diabetes was determined by positive response to previous diagnosis of these diseases.FindingsThe risk of occurrence of hypertension was greater in older people, women, illiterate people, non‐smokers, those who did not walk regularly, those who watched television daily, obese people, those who had a history of diabetes and those who consumed vegetables more than four times a week. However, age, gender, education, obesity and diabetes were the main risk factors statistically associated with hypertension using bivariate analysis (p<0.01). When multiple logistic regression was used, only age (p<0.01) and obesity (p<0.05) were found to be statistically significant.Originality/valueSocial, lifestyle and dietary factors should be considered in any intervention programme to prevent and control hypertension in Bahraini community.
The continuous adjoint method as a guide for the design of flow control systems based on jets
Authors: Zymaris A.S. , Papadimitriou D.I. , Papoutsis‐Kiachagias E.M. , Giannakoglou K.C. , Othmer C. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose the use of the continuous adjoint method as a tool to identify the appropriate location and “type” (suction or blowing) of steady jets used in active flow control systems.Design/methodology/approachThe method is based on continuous adjoint and covers both internal and external aerodynamics. The adjoint equations, including the adjoint to the SpalartAllmaras turbulence model and their boundary conditions are formulated. At the cost of solving the flow and adjoint equations just once, the sensitivity derivatives of the objective function with respect to hypothetical (normal) jet velocities at all wall nodes are computed. Comparisons of the computed sensitivities with finite differences and parametric studies to assess the present method are included.FindingsThough the sensitivities are computed for zero jet velocities, they adequately support decision making on: the recommended location of jet(s), at boundary nodes with high absolute valued sensitivities; and the selection between suction or blowing jets, based on the sign of the computed sensitivities. Regarding adjoint methods, two important findings of this work are: the role of the adjoint pressure which proves to be an excellent sensor in flow control problems; and the prediction accuracy of the proposed adjoint method compared to the commonly made assumption of “frozen turbulence”.Originality/valueFirst use of the continuous adjoint method using full differentiation of the turbulence model, in flow control optimization. A low‐cost design tool for recommending some of the most important jet characteristics.
Adaptive sampling strategies for non‐intrusive POD‐based surrogates
Authors: Guénot Marc , Lepot Ingrid , Sainvitu Caroline , Goblet Jordan , Filomeno Coelho Rajan 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a novel contribution to adaptive sampling strategies for non‐intrusive reduced order models based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). These strategies aim at reducing the cost of optimization by improving the efficiency and accuracy of POD data‐fitting surrogate models to be used in an online surrogate‐assisted optimization framework for industrial design.Design/methodology/approachThe effect of the strategies on the model accuracy is investigated considering the snapshot scaling, the design of experiment size and the truncation level of the POD basis and compared to a state‐of‐the‐art radial basis function network surrogate model on objectives and constraints. The selected test case is a Mach number and angle of attack domain exploration of the well‐known RAE2822 airfoil. Preliminary airfoil shape optimization results are also shown.FindingsThe numerical results demonstrate the potential of the capture/recapture schemes proposed for adequately filling the parametric space and maximizing the surrogates relevance at minimum computational cost.Originality/valueThe proposed approaches help in building POD‐based surrogate models more efficiently.
A dynamic systems approach to weight related health problems
Authors: Zare Mehrjerdi Yahia 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to present a system dynamic model for studying the interconnections between human weight and health problems which cause various problems throughout life.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews key points about system thinking, its theories, and system dynamics. Models in the form of causal loops presenting the interconnections between weight factor and health problems are developed and discussed. Thereafter, a flow model of the problem is constructed and deaths caused by heart attack are studied under two situations of regular and taught cases. The paper identifies key health problems related to weight by using causal loops that demonstrate the whole picture of the situation.FindingsWith the aid of systems thinking and dynamic modeling researchers can study the impacts of weight on the generation of various health problems such as heart disease, high blood pressure, blood sugar, knee problems and more. This study shows that teaching people about their health will have a significant impact on the number of deaths related to heart attack.Practical implicationsWith the model proposed here various studies can be carried out that relates weight to health issues. A sample situation is presented where deaths related to heart attack are simulated.Originality/valueThis article makes a significant contribution to the health study issues due to the fact that it shows how a factor such as weight can impact on hearth attacks, blood pressure, and blood sugar, to mention a few. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first study that relates weight to health problems using systems thinking concepts and system dynamic and it therefore make a significant contribution to the health literature.
The role of causal links in performance measurement models
Authors: Kasperskaya Yulia , Tayles Michael 
Published: May 2013

PurposeSeveral well‐known managerial accounting performance measurement models rely on causal assumptions. Whilst users of the models express satisfaction and link them with improved organizational performance, academic research, of the real‐world applications, shows few reliable statistical associations. This paper seeks to provide a discussion on the “problematic” of causality in a performance measurement setting.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual study based on an analysis and synthesis of the literature from managerial accounting, organizational theory, strategic management and social scientific causal modelling.FindingsThe analysis indicates that dynamic, complex and uncertain environments may challenge any reliance upon valid causal models. Due to cognitive limitations and judgmental biases, managers may fail to trace correct cause‐and‐effect understanding of the value creation in their organizations. However, even lacking this validity, causal models can support strategic learning and perform as organizational guides if they are able to mobilize managerial action.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should highlight the characteristics necessary for elaboration of convincing and appealing causal models and the social process of their construction.Practical implicationsManagers of organizations using causal models should be clear on the purposes of their particular models and their limitations. In particular, difficulties are observed in specifying detailed cause and effect relations and their potential for communicating and directing attention. They should therefore construct their models to suit the particular purpose envisaged.Originality/valueThis paper provides an interdisciplinary and holistic view on the issue of causality in managerial accounting models.
The National Year of Reading
Authors: Rankin Carolynn 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the government sponsored National Year of Reading (NYR) campaign in the UK in 2008 which provided an opportunity for public libraries to be in the political limelight as key partners.Design/methodology/approachNationally the NYR was promoted as a social marketing campaign with specific target audiences. Reports on a MLA funded research project in Yorkshire which used the generic social outcomes (GSO) framework to look at the impact of NYR in two public library authorities.FindingsThe article discusses the positive interventions by librarians in facilitating and leading change during the NYR campaign and beyond. However there are challenges in working in partnership activities. The findings using the GSO framework show considerable evidence of NYR related activities in supporting the three first‐tier social outcomes: “stronger and safer communities”, “health and well‐being”, and “strengthening public life.”Research limitations/implicationsUsing the NYR activities, the GSO framework helped show how libraries can contribute to diverse agendas and demonstrate their value in the community. Public library authorities could use this evidence for planning and for advocacy with a range of audiences including local and central government.Originality/valueThis study provides an account of how the NYR had an impact on the visibility of reading in communities and the analysis of the evidence gives an indication of the enthusiasm and professionalism involved in delivering the campaign.