bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a brand structure pyramid model for travel-related online social networks
Authors: Barreda Albert , Nusair Khaldoon , Okumus Fevzi , Bilgihan Anil 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to develop a comprehensive model that combines brand awareness, brand image, brand emotional attachment, brand evaluation and also shows how these constructs affect e-loyalty through the use of travel-related online social network (OSN) websites.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on an in-depth literature review, a conceptual e-loyalty model was developed. Empirical data were collected through a web-based questionnaire from 236 respondents. A structural equation modeling was utilized to test the e-loyalty model.

Findings
– Results indicate that brand awareness positively affects brand image. Brand awareness directly and indirectly influences brand emotional attachment and brand evaluations. The total effects of brand awareness and brand image suggest that higher awareness level and positive image encourage OSN users to be more loyal. In return, this increases the probability that OSN members will repurchase through the OSN websites that they are emotionally connected with. Study results further suggest that there is no difference between the conceptualization of loyalty and the medium used when brands attempt to create consumer loyalty either in the traditional offline medium or the online medium.

Practical implications
– Study results suggest that travel-related brands should consider brand emotional attachment and brand evaluation as the most important antecedents to e-loyalty, while e-loyalty results in the increased transaction intentions of online users.

Originality/value
– Very few studies have so far looked at the cause-and-effect relationship between brand emotional attachment and brand evaluation, and e-loyalty through the use of travel-related OSN websites. Study results confirm that the conceptualization of loyalty is similar to the conceptualization of e-loyalty.
Forty six years of organised tourism in Sri Lanka (1966-2012)
Authors: Samaranayake H.M.S. , Lantra Nizam , (Chandi) Jayawardena Chandana 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to provide a backdrop for the Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes (WHATT) theme issue on tourism in Sri Lanka.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is written in the context of a strategic question: “how might post-war Sri Lanka develop inbound tourism?” A narrative approach is taken to cover a period of 46 years.

Findings
– 26 years of war affected tourism in Sri Lanka resulting in low demand, low prices and a reputation as a cheap destination. Turnaround came when the war ended in 2009. In 2012 Sri Lanka passed two milestones in its tourism history by emerging as a “million tourist destination” and a “billion dollar export income earner”. Sri Lanka is now aiming to attract 2.5 million tourists by 2016.

Practical implications
– Tourism in Sri Lanka has the potential to emerge as a major export income earner. To further develop tourism, Sri Lanka must develop a long-term tourism master plan with inputs from all stake holders. Authors suggest that such a master plan is needed to achieve a target of 4.5 million tourist arrivals by 2024.

Originality/value
– This paper learns from the past and plans for the future. A former Chairman and a former Director of the national tourism authority of Sri Lanka joined hands with an international hospitality and tourism educator to co-write this paper to advocate for a holistic plan in further development of tourism in Sri Lanka.
A Screen of Zebrafish Mutants Identifies Ethanol‐Sensitive Genetic Loci
Authors: Swartz Mary E. , Wells Michael B. , Griffin Melissa , McCarthy Neil , Lovely Charles B. , McGurk Patrick , Rozacky Jenna , Eberhart Johann K. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a highly variable set of phenotypes caused by fetal alcohol exposure. Numerous factors influence FASD phenotypes, including genetics. The zebrafish is a powerful vertebrate model system with which to identify these genetic factors. Many zebrafish mutants are housed at the Zebrafish International Resource Center (ZIRC). These mutants are readily accessible and an excellent source to screen for ethanol (EtOH)‐sensitive developmental structural mutants.MethodsWe screened mutants obtained from ZIRC for sensitivity to EtOH teratogenesis. Embryos were treated with 1% EtOH (41 mM tissue levels) from 6 hours postfertilization onward. Levels of apoptosis were evaluated at 24 hours postfertilization. At 4 days postfertilization, the craniofacial skeleton, peripheral axon projections, and sensory neurons of neuromasts were examined. Fish were genotyped to determine whether there were phenotype/genotype correlations.ResultsFive of 20 loci interacted with EtOH. Notable among these was that vangl2, involved in convergent extension movements of the embryonic axis, interacted strongly with EtOH. Untreated vangl2 mutants had normal craniofacial morphology, while severe midfacial defects including synophthalmia and narrowing of the palatal skeleton were found in all EtOH‐treated mutants and a low percentage of heterozygotes. The cell cycle gene, plk1, also interacted strongly with EtOH. Untreated mutants have slightly elevated levels of apoptosis and loss of ventral craniofacial elements. Exposure to EtOH results in extensive apoptosis along with loss of neural tissue and the entire craniofacial skeleton. Phenotypes of hinfp, mars, and foxi1 mutants were also exacerbated by EtOH.ConclusionsOur results provide insight into the gene–EtOH interactions that may underlie EtOH teratogenesis. They support previous findings that EtOH disrupts elongation of the embryonic axis. Importantly, these results show that the zebrafish is an efficient model with which to test for gene–EtOH interactions. Understanding these interactions will be crucial to understanding of the FASD variation.
Impact of the NICU environment on language deprivation in preterm infants
Authors: Rand Katherine , Lahav Amir 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIt is unclear whether the atypical language development commonly seen in preterm infants is a consequence of language deficiency experienced during their prolonged NICU stay. This review provides a novel viewpoint, which highlights the potential impact of the NICU design on the developmental origin of language disabilities in preterm infants.ConclusionFurther research is needed to identify evidence‐based design solutions for providing preterm infants with a healthier linguistic hospital environment that aids growth and development.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous and inhaled fluticasone furoate in healthy Caucasian and East Asian subjects
Authors: Allen Ann , Bal Joanne , Cheesbrough Anne , Hamilton Melanie , Kempsford Rodger 
Published: October 2013

AimThe aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of inhaled and intravenous (i.v.) fluticasone furoate (FF) in healthy Caucasian, Chinese, Japanese and Korean subjects.MethodThis was an open label, randomized, two way crossover study in healthy Caucasian, Chinese, Japanese and Korean subjects (n = 20 per group). Inhaled FF (200 μg for 7 days, then 800 μg for 7 days from a dry powder inhaler [DPI]) was administered in one treatment period and i.v.FF (250 μg infusion) in the other. FF PK and serum cortisol (inhaled 200 μg only) were compared between the ethnic groups using analysis of variance. P450 CYP3A4 activity and safety were also assessed.ResultsEthnic differences in i.v. FF PK were accounted for by body weight differences. CYP3A4 activity was similar across the groups. Higher FF systemic exposure was seen following inhaled dosing in Chinese, Japanese and Korean subjects compared with Caucasian subjects. Absolute bioavailability was greater (36%–55%) in all East Asian groups than for Caucasian subjects following inhaled FF 800 μg. Deconvolution analysis suggested inhaled FF resided in the lung of East Asian subjects longer than for Caucasians (time for 90% to be absorbed [t90]: 29.1–30.8 h vs. 21.4 h). In vitro simulation method predicted comparable delivered lung dose across ethnic groups. Serum cortisol weighted mean was similar between Caucasians and Chinese or Koreans, while in Japanese was on average 22% lower than in Caucasians. All FF treatments were safe and well tolerated.ConclusionModestly higher (<50%) FF systemic exposure seen in East Asian subjects following inhaled dosing was not associated with a clinically significant effect on serum cortisol, suggesting that a clinical dose adjustment in East Asian subjects is not required.
hMICL and CD123 in combination with a CD45/CD34/CD117 backbone – a universal marker combination for the detection of minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Roug Anne S. , Larsen Hanne Ø. , Nederby Line , Just Tom , Brown Gordon , Nyvold Charlotte G. , Ommen Hans B. , Hokland Peter 
Published: October 2013

SummaryReal‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been extensively validated for the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Meanwhile, multicolour flow cytometry (MFC) has received less attention because the so‐called leukaemia‐associated immunophenotypes (LAIPs) are generally of lower sensitivity and specificity, and prone to change during therapy. To improve MRD assessment by MFC, we here evaluate the combination of human Myeloid Inhibitory C‐type Lectin (hMICL, also termed C‐type lectin domain family 12, member A, CLEC12A) and CD 123 (also termed interleukin‐3 receptor alpha, IL3RA) in combination with CD34 and CD117 (KIT), as an MRD assay in pre‐clinical and clinical testing in 69 AML patients. Spiking experiments revealed that the assay could detect MRD down to 10−4 in normal bone marrow with sensitivities equalling those of validated qPCR assays. Moreover, it provided at least one MFC MRD marker in 62/69 patients (90%). High levels of hMICL/CD123 LAIPs at the post‐induction time‐point were a strong prognostic marker for relapse in patients in haematological complete remission (P < 0·001). Finally, in post induction samples, hMICL/CD123 LAIPs were strongly correlated (r = 0·676, P = 0·0008) to applied qPCR targets. We conclude the hMICL/CD123‐based MFC assay is a promising MRD tool in AML.
Nickel and cobalt release from jewellery and metal clothing items inKorea
Authors: Cheong Seung Hyun , Choi You Won , Choi Hae Young , Byun Ji Yeon 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundInKorea, the prevalence of nickel allergy has shown a sharply increasing trend. Cobalt contact allergy is often associated with concomitant reactions to nickel, and is more common inKorea than in western countries.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of items that release nickel and cobalt on theKorean market.Materials and methodsA total of 471 items that included 193 branded jewellery, 202 non‐branded jewellery and 76 metal clothing items were sampled and studied with a dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test and a cobalt spot test to detect nickel and cobalt release, respectively.ResultsNickel release was detected in 47.8% of the tested items. The positive rates in theDMGtest were 12.4% for the branded jewellery, 70.8% for the non‐branded jewellery, and 76.3% for the metal clothing items. Cobalt release was found in 6.2% of items. Among the types of jewellery, belts and hair pins showed higher positive rates in both theDMGtest and the cobalt spot test.ConclusionOur study shows that the prevalence of items that release nickel or cobalt among jewellery and metal clothing items is high inKorea.
Triethylene glycol bis(2‐ethylhexanoate) – a new contact allergen identified in a spectacle frame
Authors: Andersen Klaus E. , Vestergaard Malene E. , Christensen Lars P. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundAllergic reactions to spectacle frames are not unusual. A patient had a reproducible strong allergic patch test reaction to scrapings from the plastic material, and negative patch test results with available spectacle frame chemicals.ObjectivesTo identify the culprit allergen in this patient's spectacle frame.Materials and methodsAn extract from the temple arms was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), and a major low molecular weight compound was detected. This compound was isolated by semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography and identified by GC‐MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The purified compound was diluted in ethanol, and a dilution series was prepared for patch testing.ResultsTriethylene glycol bis(2‐ethylhexanoate) was identified as the major compound in the extract. Patch testing of the patient proved that triethylene glycol bis(2‐ethylhexanoate) was the causative allergen in the spectacle frame. Ten consecutive eczema patients tested as controls were negative.ConclusionTriethylene glycol bis(2‐ethylhexanoate) is a new, hitherto unreported contact allergen.
Stoma siting and the ‘arcuate line’ of Douglas: might it be of relevance to later herniation?
Authors: Al‐Momani H. , Miller C. , Stephenson B. M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimPreoperative stoma site marking aims to select an appropriate location for stoma positioning but there are no fixed anatomical points of reference. A stoma raised below the arcuate line (AL) of the posterior rectus sheath may be a contributing factor to later herniation.MethodThe patients' preferred position for a stoma was marked preoperatively by a nurse stomatherapist in 75 unselected cases. The position of the AL was determined in relation to standard anatomical landmarks (umbilicus, xiphoid process, pubic symphysis and the anterior superior iliac spines).ResultsThe proportion of patients whose stoma trephine was sited below the AL varied with the anatomical landmark examined. Measurements of symphysis pubis to xiphoid process or height above the iliac spines revealed 36−41% of chosen sites were at or below the AL. In 16 of 29 (55%) women the marked sites were at or below the AL. Of 44 patients who had their site marked above the AL, 23 (53%) were within 2 cm of the AL. In obese patients and those with a waist circumference greater than 100 cm over 50% had their site marked at or within 2 cm of the AL.ConclusionTo ensure a stoma site is above the AL of the posterior rectus sheath its centre should be at least 4 cm above a horizontal line between the anterior superior iliac spines. This might reduce later herniation rates.
10−7 m 17β‐oestradiol enhances odonto/osteogenic potency of human dental pulp stem cells by activation of the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Wang Y. , Zheng Y. , Wang Z. , Li J. , Wang Z. , Zhang G. , Yu J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesOestrogen has been proven to significantly enhance osteogenic potency, while oestrogen deficiency usually leads to impaired osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, little is known concerning direct effects of oestrogen on differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).Materials and methodsIn this study, human DPSCs were isolated and treated with 10−7 m 17β‐oestradiol (E2). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and alizarin red staining were performed.ResultsAlkaline phosphatase and alizarin red showed that E2 treatment significantly enhanced ALP activity and mineralization ability of DPSCs, but had no effect on cell proliferation. Real‐time RT‐PCR and western blot assay demonstrated that odonto/osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2/RUNX2, OSX/OSX, OCN/OCN and DSPP/DSP) were significantly upregulated in the cells after E2 treatment. Moreover, phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IκBα/P65 and expression of nuclear P65 were enhanced in a time‐dependent manner following E2 treatment, suggesting activation of NF‐κB signaling. Conversely, inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway suppressed E2‐mediated upregulation of odonto/osteogenic markers, indicating that the NF‐κB pathway was pivotal for E2‐mediated differentiation.ConclusionThese findings provide evidence that 10−7 m 17β‐oestradiol promoted odonto/osteogenic differentiation of human DPSCs via activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Completeness of digital accessible knowledge of the plants of Brazil and priorities for survey and inventory
Authors: Sousa‐Baena Mariane Silveira , Garcia Letícia Couto , Peterson Andrew Townsend 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimBiodiversity information is the focus of major initiatives aimed at assembling large‐scale primary‐data documentation (‘digital accessible knowledge’) of the distribution of life on Earth. Recent efforts within Brazil have assembled a massive amount of such documentation for Brazilian plants, which we analyse in this study. Our aim is to identify areas representing gaps in current knowledge; these gaps can guide future botanical exploration and discovery in Brazil.LocationBrazil.MethodsWe assessed angiosperm inventories across Brazil at diverse spatial scales using statistics that summarize inventory completeness. In particular, we assess the completeness of geographical knowledge of Brazilian floras as measured in terms of geographical distance and climatic difference from well‐documented sites.ResultsSpatial knowledge of Brazilian angiosperms is very unevenly distributed: well‐known sites are concentrated in eastern and southern regions, whereas the remainder of the country remains poorly documented. Worse still, in many regions, areas lacking detailed botanical documentation coincide with areas of intense habitat destruction, such that many such sites will never be documented scientifically.Main conclusionsThis study illustrates how biodiversity survey and inventory efforts can be guided by existing knowledge. That is, to the extent that existing biodiversity knowledge is made digital and openly available, and to the extent that information is sufficiently comprehensive and informative, spatial summaries of completeness such as that presented here offer clear and strategic directions for maximizing the yield of new knowledge from any de novo field efforts.
Prognostic Value of Coronary Flow Reserve in Asymptomatic Moderate or Severe Aortic Stenosis with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Nonobstructed Coronary Arteries
Authors: Banovic Marko , Bosiljka Vujisic‐Tesic , Voin Brkovic , Milan Petrovic , Ivana Nedeljkovic , Dejana Popovic , Danijela Trifunovic , Serjan Nikolic 
Published: October 2013

Aim: Patients with moderate and severe aortic stenosis (AS) and without obstructive epicardial coronary disease have been shown to have an impairment of coronary flow reserve (CFR). We investigated the prognostic significance of CFR in predicting death during mid‐to‐long‐term follow‐up in asymptomatic patients with moderate/severe AS, preserved ejection fraction (EF), and with nonobstructed coronary arteries. Method and Result: A total of 127 patients with moderate or severe AS (effective orifice area of 1.5 cm2 or less), mean age 66 ± 11 were enrolled in this prospective study. The median follow‐up was 32 ± 7 months. All patients had standard Doppler echo study, coronary angiography, and adenosine‐stress transthoracic Doppler echo for CFR measurement. Univariate analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, CFR, aortic valve area (AVA), maximal velocity (Vmax), mean pressure gradient (Pmean), energy loss index (ELI), aortic valve resistance (AVR), NT‐proBNP, E/E′, valvulo‐arterial impedance (Zva), and stroke work loss (SWL) were associated (P < 0.05) with death. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that only Zva and CFR were independent predictors of death, with the CFR being the single strongest predictor (Table 2). Using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, the CFR value of 1.85 had the highest accuracy in predicting the death during mid‐to‐long‐term follow‐up (area under the curve; AUC 0.890, P = 0.009, sensitivity 96.3%, specificity 75%; 95% CI 0.287–0.946; Fig. 1). The Zva value of 5.52 Hg/mL per m had a sensitivity 70.0% and specificity 72.0% (AUC 0.766, 95% CI 0.587–0.946; P = 0.005). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that CFR has a prognostic value in patients with asymptomatic moderate or severe AS with preserved EF and nonobstructed coronary arteries.
Knock‐down of filaggrin does not affect lipid organization and composition in stratum corneum of reconstructed human skin equivalents
Authors: van Drongelen Vincent , Alloul‐Ramdhani Mariam , Danso Mogbekeloluwa O. , Mieremet Arnout , Mulder Aat , van Smeden Jeroen , Bouwstra Joke A. , El Ghalbzouri Abdoelwaheb 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHuman skin mainly functions as an effective barrier against unwanted environmental influences. The barrier function strongly relies on the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), which is composed of corneocytes embedded in an extracellular lipid matrix. The importance of a proper barrier function is shown in various skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD), a complex human skin disorder strongly associated with filaggrin (FLG) null mutations, but their role in barrier function is yet unclear. To study the role of FLG in SC barrier properties in terms of SC lipid organization and lipid composition, we generated an N/TERT‐based 3D‐skin equivalent (NSE) after knock‐down of FLG with shRNA. In these NSEs, we examined epidermal morphogenesis by evaluating the expression of differentiation markers keratin 10, FLG, loricrin and the proliferation marker ki67. Furthermore, the SC was extensively analysed for lipid organization, lipid composition and SC permeability. Our results demonstrate that FLG knock‐down (FLG‐KD) did not affect epidermal morphogenesis, SC lipid organization, lipid composition and SC permeability for a lipophilic compound in NSEs. Therefore, our findings indicate that FLG‐KD alone does not necessarily affect the functionality of a proper barrier function.
Leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 regulates tau phosphorylation through direct activation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β
Authors: Kawakami Fumitaka , Shimada Naoki , Ohta Etsuro , Kagiya Go , Kawashima Rei , Maekawa Tatsunori , Maruyama Hiroko , Ichikawa Takafumi 
Published: October 2013

Leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been identified as the causal molecule for autosomal‐dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). Experimental evidence indicates that LRRK2 may play an important role in the pathology induced by abnormal phosphorylation of tau. In the present study, we demonstrated that LRRK2 directly associates with GSK‐3β, and that this interaction enhances the kinase activity of GSK‐3β. Furthermore, we found that LRRK2‐mediated activation of GSK‐3β induces high phosphorylation of tau at Ser396 in SH‐SY5Y cells. From our present findings, we conclude that LRRK2 may function as a novel enhancer for GSK‐3β and as a physiological regulator of neurite outgrowth and axonal transport through regulation of the GSK‐3β‐mediated phosphorylation of tau at the cellular level. Since LRRK2 is detected in tau‐positive inclusions in brain tissue affected by various neurodegenerative disorders, including PD, LRRK2‐stimulated phosphorylation of tau by GSK‐3β may be involved in development of pathological features in the initial stage of PD.Structured digital abstract

LRKK2 physically interacts with GSK-3B by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

LRRK2 physically interacts with GSK-3B by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

LRRK2 binds to GSK-3B by pull down (View interaction)

GSK-3B physically interacts with LRRK2 and TAU by pull down (View interaction)