bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John Golding Myers (1897-1942), an extraordinary exploratory entomologist.
Authors: Cock M. J. W. , Bennett F. D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A biographical sketch is presented of the career of John Golding Myers (1897-1942), dealing with his early years in New Zealand and the start of his involvement in biological control at the Farnham House Laboratory in the UK (1926-1928), the years working on biological control in the Caribbean and Latin America (1928-1937) and his period in the Sudan as Government Botanist (1937-1942) until his untimely death at the age of 44. His main work on biological control was the search for biological control agents in natural habitats which could be introduced into the alien habitats of agroecosystems, which had been invaded by indigenous pests. To address this, Myers travelled extensively by boat and on foot in the Amazon region and the Guianas, which he considered the best approach to gathering in-depth understanding of the habitats and insects that he studied. In the Sudan, he continued this approach, walking many miles to survey areas of Equatoria Province not adequately serviced by road at that time. Hence, his insight into the options for the agricultural development of the region was based on a sound ecological and anthropological perspective. A feature of his time in both the Caribbean and the Sudan was the documented recommendations, many of which have stood the test of time. A full bibliography is included.
Quality assurance: a vital need in ecological monitoring.
Authors: Ferretti M. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Much of our knowledge about the status of and changes in ecological systems and their response to environmental stresses has originated from ecological monitoring. However, concern exists about the ability of monitoring to provide 'good' data. The value of monitoring is often questioned and monitoring itself is seen as an exercise with little contact with true science. Such concerns are justified given several examples of abuse and misuse of monitoring data and failure in documenting errors and flaws. When data are flawed, even the most sophisticated statistical and modelling technique is useless. As a consequence, there are risks that the environmental policy decision-making process may be severely compromised, leading to wrong decisions and additional costs to society. Data quality is therefore essential for decision quality. However, data quality goes beyond the traditional perception of metrological quality, and the process of obtaining 'good' data needs to consider all the steps involved in the monitoring. Ecological monitoring cannot survive outside a rigorous scientific context, and a comprehensive quality assurance framework is necessary to drive the design and the implementation of a monitoring programme.
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the detection of organisms in soil.
Authors: Bilodeau G. J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Detection and quantification of soil organisms using traditional methods (culture, plating and microscopy) are difficult and do not always allow identification. In the last decade, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has allowed rapid, sensitive, specific and high-throughput detection and quantification of organisms. For example, in plant health, this new method helps in the management of plant disease in agriculture and forestry. However, direct DNA detection in soil is often difficult because of PCR inhibitors, low inoculum density and inadequate sampling techniques. This review presents diverse real-time qPCR methods for the detection and quantification of soil-borne organisms (mainly pathogenic organisms), addresses difficulties using real-time qPCR for quantification of organisms in soil and presents solutions and methods to overcome these challenges. Examples of utilizing real-time qPCR on different types of organisms such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, plants and for soil diversity are presented along with explanations of computational techniques for the estimation of organism levels in soil. The different applications of quantification are discussed with regard to detection and management, biocontrol recovery, genotyping of organism and population studies and ecological biodiversity. The importance of having an internal control and quality DNA for accurate quantification and high copy-number for sensitivity is discussed.
Food security: the role of effective agrobiodiversity management.
Authors: Lenné J. M. , Wood D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Over the next 30 years, global agriculture will be faced with the daunting problem of feeding an additional 2-3 billion people with less water, less energy and less fertilizer from the same land base. However, agriculture has surmounted equal or larger problems in the past through a series of revolutionary advances, many of which have depended on improved management of crop and animal diversity and their interactions with the associated beneficial and harmful biodiversity. Future global food security is therefore firmly anchored in sound science-based management of this agrobiodiversity. Knowledgeable, practical and realistic management of agrobiodiversity by farmers and scientists is the most important toolbox available for significantly increasing global food production. Enhanced policy support and significant increases in donor investment will be essential for effective growth in agricultural productivity and global food security.
Using near-infrared spectroscopy to predict postharvest quality.
Authors: Cayuela Sánchez J. A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy offers great potential for controlling postharvest quality attributes of fruits and vegetables. It constitutes a very useful tool to ensure their acceptability and characterizing their nutritional properties. The literature regarding its use for postharvest quality parameters prediction on fresh fruit and vegetables, has been reviewed. The aspects of quality that can be measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), its evolution, research on different products and most important areas for action, are highlighted. Desirable criteria for evaluating the reliability of the models and spectrometer features such as portability are discussed. Likely events in the evolution of online and portable NIRS in the near future are suggested.
Increasing the vitamin E content of food by in-plant production.
Authors: Farré G. , Zorrilla U. , Zhu C. F. , Christou P. , Capell T. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Vitamin E is a group of eight, lipid-soluble molecules known as tocochromanols, featuring a conserved head group and an aliphatic side chain. They are produced by plants and some cyanobacteria, and act as free-radical scavengers in mammals to prevent lipid oxidation. The different isomers of vitamin E can be classed as tocopherols or tocotrienols depending on the chemical conformation of the side chain. The natural isomer α-tocopherol (RRR-α-tocopherol) is more active than synthetic vitamin E, making it the most effective natural form of the vitamin. The composition of vitamin E differs widely among plant species and varieties, and many crops have been bred or engineered to increase their vitamin E levels. In this review, we discuss strategies to increase vitamin E levels and alter the vitamin E composition in plants, and present case studies that demonstrate the impact of these strategies in different crops.
Molecular isolation and functional characterization of host factors required in the virus infection cycle for disease control in plants.
Authors: Wang AiMing Wang AiMing 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Plant viral infection results in a multi-billion dollar economic loss worldwide each year. The use of genetic resistance is the most effective and sustainable approach to the control of plant viral diseases. However, owing to the lack of natural resistance genes, a single devastating viral pathogen often becomes a significant limiting factor in crop production. All plant viruses have a small viral genome that encodes a limited number of viral proteins. They must depend on host gene products (host factors) to complete their life cycle. Mutation, silencing or down-regulation of host factor gene(s) may lead to recessively inherited resistance to viruses. This is a major driving force for the molecular identification and functional characterization of host factors essential in virus infections. Potyviruses represent over 30% of all known plant viruses and constitute the largest plant virus group. Many agriculturally important viruses are potyviruses. In the last decade, several potyviral host factor genes including the well-known eIF4E or eIF(iso)4E gene have been molecularly identified. In this review, I will summarize research progress in molecular understanding of potyviral infection processes, and discuss manipulation of the identified host factors against potyviruses.
Comparing nutritional content of fruits, vegetables and juices from organic and conventional crops.
Authors: Gąstoł M. , Domagala-Świątkiewicz I. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The nutritional quality of food produced by organic farming in comparison with conventional farming is a current topic that focuses interest and generates discussion. This paper presents a review of the relevant literature of comparative studies on organic and conventional food. In line with several reports on organic fruit and vegetable quality, the data obtained from a wide evaluation of Polish organic versus conventional crops are compared and discussed. This comparative study covered 33 neighbouring pairs of organic/conventional fields with six evaluated species. The data on dry matter, sugar, organic acids and polyphenols content are provided, along with a special respect to mineral content of fruit and vegetable juices. Some issues on the methodological aspects of such comparative studies are presented.
Effects of postharvest handling and storage on antioxidant activity of berry fruits.
Authors: Cantin C. M. , Echeverria G. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Berries are a rich source of natural polyphenolics and antioxidant compounds, and they are recognized as functional foods. Although they are best eaten freshly picked, some postharvest conditions and treatments are necessary in order to extend their short shelf life. Postharvest handling and storage have an evident effect on the nutraceutical properties of small berries. This review focuses on the effects of the main postharvest operations applied to berries such as storage temperature, controlled atmosphere, edible coatings, UV irradiation, antimicrobial compounds, heat treatments and washing disinfection, particularly on the antioxidant activity of the fruit. Further, we conclude with the importance of selecting postharvest operations which minimize the losses of antioxidant compounds while maintaining the consumer satisfaction. Also, we underline the importance of informing consumers regarding the nutraceutical composition of fruit and the effect of domestic practices on these compounds of human health interest that are naturally present in berry fruits, and suggest future research approaches.
Developments in diagnosis and control of bovine paratuberculosis.
Authors: Nielsen S. S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Bovine paratuberculosis can be costly to farmers who, as a consequence, may be interested in control of the causative agent,
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
(MAP). Between-herd spread is primarily due to movement of MAP-infected livestock, and within-herd transmission most often occurs when susceptible calves are exposed to the faeces of infectious adult cattle. This review provides an update on options to control MAP infections via the use of diagnostics, with an emphasis on dairy cattle. Control of MAP infections can be achieved through improved hygienic measures and reducing the exposure of susceptible animals to the milk and faeces of infected animals. However, cost-effectiveness may depend on labour costs, and strategic use of diagnostics may have certain appeals through the information provided. Current bulk tank milk tests are not deemed to have a role in MAP control, whereas other herd-level diagnostics can be useful to guide establishment of control schemes by estimating whether MAP infections are prevalent or not. Then, test strategies based on screenings using cow-level tests can be used to identify the majority of infectious animals. The proportion of detected infectious animals depends on the timing of testing. If test results are used for risk-based management, then it is of utmost importance that they are still valid when used. Test results 3-6 months old may have lost a significant part of their validity. However, more research on the validity of test results over time to determine the infectiousness of animals should be carried out to enable the design of better test strategies.
Oral administration of the AYA strain ofLactobacillus plantarummodulates expression of immunity-related genes in the murine Peyer’s patch: a DNA microarray analysis
Authors: Kikuchi Yosuke , Toyoda Tsudoi , Ishijima Tomoko , Abe Keiko , Nakai Yuji , Fukudome Shin-ichi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe performed comprehensive transcriptome analysis of Peyer’s patches to elucidate the effects of oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum strain AYA in mice. Using microarray analysis, we identified 124 upregulated and 144 downregulated genes for four weeks after the start of dietary supplementation with AYA. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the genes for immune function were enriched in the upregulated gene set.
From Europeanization to European Construction
Authors: Rabeharisoa Vololona , O'Donovan Órla 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
In this article, we examine how European patients' organizations (EPOs) contribute to moving patient advocacy beyond national level organizing and acting. In contrast to Europeanization studies, our contention is that EPOs are not content merely to bring national claims up to the European level nor simply enrich national debates with European issues. Rather, we argue that EPOs engage in a compounded multilevel construction of patients as ‘European individuals’ and of their conditions as matters of concern for Europe. Based on an analysis of the projects, pronouncements, and politics of three EPOs – European Organization on Rare Diseases, Alzheimer Europe, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Europe – we explore how they form European communities of patients and give shape to health issues they deem important to address at European level. We show that EPOs' involvement in the ongoing construction of Europe relies on their capacities to collect, format, and circulate comparative facts, figures, and data on the functioning of domestic health systems, drawn notably on their members' experiences. This helps them to raise discussions on the need for European health-care policies which articulate a ‘Europe of markets’ and a ‘social Europe’ to the benefit of the patients. We discuss the form of politics that this EPOs’ ‘evidence-based activism’, as we call it, entails, and conclude with a few thoughts on their influence on the making of European health-care policies.
Figmop: a profile HMM to identify genes and bypass troublesome gene models in draft genomes
Authors: Curran David M. , Gilleard John S. , Wasmuth James D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Gene models from draft genome assemblies of metazoan species are often incorrect, missing exons or entire genes, particularly for large gene families. Consequently, labour-intensive manual curation is often necessary. We present Figmop (Finding Genes using Motif Patterns) to help with the manual curation of gene families in draft genome assemblies. The program uses a pattern of short sequence motifs to identify putative genes directly from the genome sequence. Using a large gene family as a test case, Figmop was found to be more sensitive and specific than a BLAST-based approach. The visualization used allows the validation of potential genes to be carried out quickly and easily, saving hours if not days from an analysis.
Availability and implementation: Source code of Figmop is freely available for download at https://github.com/dave-the-scientist , implemented in C and Python and is supported on Linux, Unix and MacOSX.
Contact: curran.dave.m@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Improving Insulin Administration Through Redesigning Processes of Care: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach
Authors: Citty Sandra Wolfe , Zumberg Lisa , Chappell Justina 
Published: August 2014

Objectives
This article describes a quality improvement project using a multidisciplinary team approach to improve the rate of errors of omission of preprandial subcutaneous coverage insulin orders.

Methods
A Diabetic Management Work Group was created to evaluate the system processes that affect success and failure of timely administration and documentation of preprandial coverage insulin, commonly referred to as sliding scale coverage. Data before and after the project were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of a process change through the bar code medication administration system, in which preprandial coverage insulin order sets were changed to eliminate errors of omission and improve documentation.

Results
A review of 833 random blood glucose measurements with corresponding short- or rapid-acting insulin coverage orders was conducted. A mean error of omission rate of 23.4% was identified with respect to coverage insulin that was clinically indicated by provider-ordered insulin set but not administered or documented in the electronic medication record. After process redesign and implementation, 951 blood glucose measurements with corresponding insulin coverage orders were randomly reviewed, and a mean of 10.7% of omission rate for coverage insulin administration was identified. This represented a decrease in omission of coverage insulin by 54% compared with preprocess improvement.

Conclusions
Decreased errors of omission as well as improved administration and documentation of coverage insulin were demonstrated by this multimodal process change. Scheduled standardized order sets, extensive nursing staff education, and enhanced efficiency of the existing process led to improved outcomes.
A Step Toward High Reliability: Implementation of a Daily Safety Brief in a Children’s Hospital
Authors: Saysana Michele , McCaskey Marjorie , Cox Elaine , Thompson Rachel , Tuttle Lora K. , Haut Paul R. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives
Health care is a high-risk industry. To improve communication about daily events and begin the journey toward a high reliability organization, the Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health implemented a daily safety brief.

Methods
Various departments in our children’s hospital were asked to participate in a daily safety brief, reporting daily events and unexpected outcomes within their scope of responsibility. Participants were surveyed before and after implementation of the safety brief about communication and awareness of events in the hospital. The length of the brief and percentage of departments reporting unexpected outcomes were measured.

Results
The analysis of the presurvey and the postsurvey showed a statistically significant improvement in the questions related to the awareness of daily events as well as communication and relationships between departments. The monthly mean length of time for the brief was 15 minutes or less. Unexpected outcomes were reported by 50% of the departments for 8 months.

Conclusions
A daily safety brief can be successfully implemented in a children’s hospital. Communication between departments and awareness of daily events were improved. Implementation of a daily safety brief is a step toward becoming a high reliability organization.
Facile semi-automated forensic body fluid identification by multiplex solution hybridization of NanoString®barcode probes to specific mRNA targets
Authors: Danaher Patrick , White Robin Lynn , Hanson Erin K. , Ballantyne Jack 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:A DNA profile from the perpetrator does not reveal,per se, the circumstances by which it was transferred. Body fluid identification by mRNA profiling may allow extraction of contextual ‘activity level’ information from forensic samples. Here we describe the development of a prototype multiplex digital gene expression (DGE) method for forensic body fluid/tissue identification based upon solution hybridization of color-coded NanoString®probes to 23 mRNA targets. The method identifies peripheral blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions, menstrual blood and skin. We showed that a simple 5 minute room temperature cellular lysis protocol gave equivalent results to standard RNA isolation from the same source material, greatly enhancing the ease-of-use of this method in forensic sample processing.We first describe a model for gene expression in a sample from a single body fluid and then extend that model to mixtures of body fluids. We then describe calculation of maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of body fluid quantities in a sample, and we describe the use of likelihood ratios to test for the presence of each body fluid in a sample. Known single source samples of blood, semen, vaginal secretions, menstrual blood and skin all demonstrated the expected tissue-specific gene expression for at least two of the chosen biomarkers. Saliva samples were more problematic, with their previously identified characteristic genes exhibiting poor specificity. Nonetheless the most specific saliva biomarker, HTN3, was expressed at a higher level in saliva than in any of the other tissues.Crucially, our algorithm produced zero false positives across this study’s 89 unique samples. As a preliminary indication of the ability of the method to discern admixtures of body fluids, five mixtures were prepared. The identities of the component fluids were evident from the gene expression profiles of four of the five mixtures. Further optimization of the biomarker ‘CodeSet’ will be required before it can be used in casework, particularly with respect to increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the saliva biomarkers. With suitable modifications, this simplified protocol with minimal hands on requirement should facilitate routine use of mRNA profiling in casework laboratories.