bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is driving the decision to perform a filtering procedure
Authors: BRON AM , DE LAZZER A , KOEHRER P , BONNABEL A , AHO S , CREUZOT‐GARCHER C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To assess what is driving the decision to perform a filtering procedure in a patient suffering from glaucoma.Methods Retrospective study in one single University centre with one glaucoma specialist. All the indications for filtering glaucoma surgeries (alone or combined with cataract extraction) undertaken during 2013 with the same surgeon were reviewed. The indications were as follows: clinical evaluation of the optic disc, visual field progression, progression on imaging (OCT and HRT), poor tolerance to medical treatment, non controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) and cataract.Results Retrospective study in one single University centre with one glaucoma specialist. All the indications for filtering glaucoma surgeries (alone or combined with cataract extraction) undertaken during 2013 with the same surgeon were reviewed. The indications were as follows: clinical evaluation of the optic disc, visual field progression, progression on imaging (OCT and HRT), poor tolerance to medical treatment, non controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) and cataract.Conclusion The indications for glaucoma surgery may be highly variable according to the country, the practice and the surgeon. A multicentre study should be useful to better define what is driving the indications for glaucoma surgery.
Inhibition of α5β1‐integrin significantly improves the surgical outcome of glaucoma surgery in mice compared to MMC
Authors: VAN BERGEN T , ZAHN G , CALDIROLA P , FSADNI M , CARAM‐LELHAM N , VANDEWALLE E , STALMANS I 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of α5β1‐integrin inhibitor (CLT‐28643) to improve the outcome of filtering surgery in a mouse model. Different dose regimen and administration routes of the inhibitor were compared to mitomycin C (MMC), the gold standard in clinical practice.Methods The efficacy of CLT‐28643 on surgical outcome was studied in a mouse model for filtering surgery (n=40 eyes from 20 mice per group). Group 1 received a single subconjunctival (SC) injection of 2 µg of the integrin inhibitor immediately after surgery, whereas repeated SC injections were administered on day 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 in groups 2 and 3 (2 and 1 µg, respectively). Group 4 received topical eye drops containing 10 µg of the compound 3 times daily. MMC 0.02% was applied for 2 minutes in group 5 and repeated SC injections of NaCl were given in the last group. Treatment outcome was studied by a masked observer every other day by clinical investigation of the bleb until postoperative day 28.Results Surgical outcome was improved in all treatment groups compared to NaCl treated eyes (P<0.001). A dose‐response curve was observed in the efficacy of the subconjunctival injections, with the repetitive administration of 1µg being significantly inferior to, the single injection of 2 µg or topical administration (10 µg) comparable to, and the repetitive injection of 2 µg significantly superior to MMC.Conclusion These data suggest that administration of the α5β1‐integrin inhibitor CLT‐28643 has therapeutic potential as an adjunct to glaucoma surgery, possibly with a superior efficacy to MMC when used at the optimal dose.
Different aspects of IOP measurements with GAT versus DCT in glaucoma patients
Authors: MEIER‐GIBBONS F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose 1. To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements with Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (GAT) versus Dynamic Contour Tonometry (DCT) in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT). 2. To evaluate whether the measurements of GAT versus DCT are influenced firstly by the type of glaucoma (Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma, Angle Closure Glaucoma or OHT), secondly by the type of glaucoma therapy and thirdly by the Central Corneal Thickness (CCT).Methods Office based clinical study of 282 consecutive patients with glaucoma or OHT. Consecutive IOP measurements with GAT and DCT and CCT measurements (with ultrasound pachymetry) by one examiner. A statistical analysis evaluates whether the type of glaucoma, the type of glaucoma therapy or the CCT influence the difference between the IOP measurements with GAT and DCT.Results Ongoing study, preliminary results show a difference between GAT and DCT in the range of other studies (DCT slightly higher in most of the patients). The type of glaucoma therapy does not seem to influence the difference between GAT and DCT, nor does the CCT or the type of glaucoma.Conclusion The GAT is still the gold standard, but the IOP measurements with the CCT independent DCT become more and more important. Preliminary results show that in this study, unlike in another study with much less patients, the glaucoma therapy did not influence the difference between GAT and DCT.
Commercial interest
B27‐associated uveitis, Fuchs uveitis
Authors: WILLERMAIN F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractB27‐associated uveitis is a very frequent form of non infectious intraocular inflammation which account for approximately 50 % of acute anterior uveitis. Its main clinical features, natural history and association with seronegative arthritis are well known. Fuchs uveitis is another frequent cause of anterior and intermediate uveitis. Its natural history is well characterised as well as its association with intraocular production of anti‐rubella antibodies. Both diseases are thus often considered as easy diagnosis. However, several aspects of those diseases remain challenging and debated. In this interactive course, based on clinical cases, we will insist on those difficult aspects as well as on the more recent issues discussed in the literature.
A transcriptional network underlies the identity and diversity of tissue macrophages
Authors: GAUTIER E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe recently assessed gene expression in tissue macrophages, which do not derive from monocytes, extracted from various mouse organs and found that the diversity in gene expression among different populations of macrophages was considerable. Only a few hundred mRNA transcripts were selectively expressed by macrophages rather than dendritic cells, and many of these were not present in all macrophages. Nonetheless, well‐characterized surface markers, including MerTK and FcγR1 (CD64), along with a cluster of previously unidentified transcripts, were distinctly and universally associated with mature tissue macrophages. We further demonstrated how these transcripts and the proteins they encode facilitated distinguishing macrophages from dendritic cells, and showed that they were turned on during monocyte to inflammatory macrophage differentiation. Furthermore, in support of the high diversity observed among tissue resident macrophages, the mRNAs encoding several transcription factors were associated with single macrophage populations and we provided evidence that Pparg and Gata6 specifically controls the homeostasis of specific tissue resident macrophage populations.
The KORA‐AGE Eye Study: Genetic Susceptibility
Authors: GRAW J , MOLNOS S , HEIER M , LINKOHR B , BREIER M , HOLLE R , GRILL E , GRALLERT H , PETERS A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To estimate the genetic susceptibility of major age‐related eye diseases in a population‐based study in the region of Augsburg, Southern Germany (KORA).Methods 822 persons aged 68‐96 years from the KORA‐AGE study were asked in a follow up 2012 in a standardized interview for the presence of major eye disorders like cataracts, glaucoma and age‐related macula degeneration (AMD). In validated cases we investigated genetic susceptibility for major eye diseases by association with 31 functional candidate genes; association was calculated using logistic regression adjusted for age and gender.Results 465 persons reported any eye disorder (57%); 71% of them could be validated and specified. There were 68 cases of AMD and 72 cases of glaucoma; 90 % of glaucoma and 93% of AMD are overlapping with cataracts resulting in 182 pure cataracts and 117 cataracts with glaucoma and/or AMD. In a recessive model, only ARMS2 (age‐related maculopathy susceptibility gene 2) showed significant (p=0.0000175) association with AMD (OR 9.0; 95%‐CI 3.8 – 21.4). This gene is present only in humans and chimpanzees, but not in rodents. Additionally, CRYBA1 (encoding βA1‐crystallin) showed an increased risk for glaucoma (OR 5.8; 95%‐CI 1.7 – 20.5), however it is statistically not significant (p=0.144). These effects might be due to a relatively small sample size.Conclusion Age‐related eye diseases frequently do not occur in their “pure” form; cataracts overlap frequently with glaucoma and/or AMD. The association of AMD with ARMS2 strongly supports previous findings of ARMS2 as a major risk gene for AMD. This study was supported by the BMBF (FKZ 01ET1003A)
Assessment of ocular surface microbiota in keratoconus patients – a pilot study
Authors: GAJECKA M , MATYSIAK A , KUBICKA M , SZAFLIK JP 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Both genetic and environmental factors are associated with keratoconus (KTCN). The hypothesis of this project is that genetic factors together with environmental aspects, including the presence of specific ocular surface (OS) microbiota, influence the etiology of KTCN. Currently numerous studies focus on describing the variant microbe populations that occur in specific disease states, or the temporal microbial changes that are observed over the course of a disease. Microbiota at KTCN eye has not been evaluated so far. Therefore, the study question is whether there is a causal link between eye microbiome variation and KTCN.Methods Because of inter‐individual microbiota variation revealed at the same anatomical sites, only male individuals in similar age (30‐40 yrs old) are being ascertained. Individuals are divided into four study subgroups (n=30 each): 1) patients with bilateral KTCN, 2) patients with KTCN and atopy, 3) patients with atopy, and 4) individuals without both KTCN and atopy. Culture‐based microbiology methods are used in the investigation to preliminary examine the OS microbiota. Simultaneously, microbial genetic material is extracted from the eye swabs for further qualitative and quantitative analyzes using molecular biology methods (real‐time PCR, NGS).Results Preliminary results indicate a diversity of OS microbiota in both healthy and affected individuals. The most common isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium spp., and Propionibacterium spp. Detailed profiles of OS microbiota in the studied groups are under investigation.Conclusion The results of this project will widen current knowledge about environmental aspects of KTCN etiology. Support: National Science Centre in Poland, Grant no. 2012/05/E/NZ5/02127.
Biomarkers of Age‐Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Four new obesity‐related genetic loci are associated with advanced AMD
Authors: PATERNO JJ , HELISALMI S , TOKARZ P , BLASIAK J , HILTUNEN M , UUSITUPA M , KAARNIRANTA K 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose AMD is the leading cause of central blindness in the elderly in Western countries. It has a complex multifactorial etiology, including aging, genetic factors, smoking, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Moreover, obesity has been considered to increase the risk for AMD. We hypothesize that the genetic variations associated with obesity might also be involved in the pathogenesis of AMD.Methods Cross‐sectional clinical data from 348 advanced AMD cases and 722 controls were collected. All subjects were over 65 years old, and without diabetes mellitus. We genotyped 40 newly associated obesity related loci using the Sequenom iPlex platform.Results Of the 40 SNPs analysed, PTBP2 (rs1555543), GNPDA2 (rs10938397), HOXC13 (rs1443512) and MAP2K5 (rs2241423) showed a nominally (P<0.05) significant association with advanced AMD in this local Finnish population.Conclusion These new findings suggest that the link between AMD and obesity could be partly explained by genetic factors. Besides providing new insights into pathogenic mechanisms of AMD, these findings may also help to reveal possible targets for therapeutic intervention and useful diagnostic biomarkers in this disease.
Visual dysfunction and pupillary responses are dissociated in the Opa3 mutant mouse with retinal degeneration
Authors: VOTRUBA M , DAVIES JR , DOUGLAS RH , DAVIES VJ 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To assess the affect of the missense mutation p.L122P in a mouse model of 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria (MGA‐III), a neuro‐metabolic syndrome which presents with retinal and optic atrophy and neurological impairment.Methods Visual acuity was quantified in an optokinetic nystagmus drum by increasing the spatial frequency of the grating until an optomotor response could not be elicited. Pupillary light responsiveness was assessed by video pupillometry. Time course and phenotype of retinal degeneration was examined using haematoxylin and eosin and terminal dUTP transferase nick end labelling.Results Opa3+/+ and Opa3+/‐ mice showed normal visual acuity by tracking a 2° grating. However, Opa3‐/‐ mice displayed no optomotor response at any grating frequency. Despite this, their pupil response was little affected. Pupil response/intensity curves of Opa3‐/‐ and Opa3+/+ mice diverged somewhat at lower intensities although they only differed significantly at two irradiance levels. At 50% constriction Opa3‐/‐ mice were only 0.61 log units less sensitive than wildtypes. Histology showed panretinal degeneration in adult Opa3‐/‐ mice and TUNEL revealed increased cell death in postnatal and adult Opa3‐/‐ retinae.Conclusion The Opa3‐/‐ mouse is a useful model of the human disease. Retinal atrophy in Opa3‐/‐ animals is associated with widespread retinal thinning. However, dissociation between visual perception and pupillary function implies that the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) subserving pupillary function may be less susceptible to damage by mutations of Opa3 than the retinogeniculate fibres underlying visual perception.
Optical and morphological characterization of a 3D printed intraocular lens
Authors: DEBELLEMANIERE G , FLORES M , MONTARD M , DELBOSC B , SALEH M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Three‐dimensional printing (or “additive manufacturing”) is a technology which allows to create a three dimensional object by building it layer by successive layer. It is especially interesting for objects that are produced in little series and that require a high degree of customization, as it allows economies of scale and potentially unlimited design possibilities. Those characteristics are particularly relevant to intraocular lenses used in cataract surgery, in a personalized medicine approach. Despite technical barriers, additive manufacturing of good quality lenses without post‐processing is now achievable. We aimed to determine if the historical Ridley lens was able to be reproduced with current 3D lens printing technology.Methods We realized a digital reproduction of the Ridley’s IOL using a 3D modeling program. Lenses were then printed. No post‐processing was used. Photographs and electron microscopy images of the printed lens were obtained. Dimensional measurements, weight and dioptric power were determined. The data was compared with the data available in the literature concerning the original Ridley's intraocular lens.Results The morphological study showed a shape similar to the original lens. Transparency was satisfying. A good optical surface regularity was obtained. The lens power was 1.31 diopters different than expected, due to inaccuracies in curved surfaces printing, however general properties of a lens were achevied.Conclusion This is the first attempt to produce an intraocular lens using a 3D printer. Despite major technological barriers, 3D printing of optical lenses could have important implications in tomorrow's ophthalmic surgery by allowing potentially unlimited optical and morphological lens designs.
Change in intraocular pressure in the early period after cataract phacoemulsification
Authors: YUGAY MARIA , RYABTSEVA ALLA 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Described decrease of IOP after phaco is 2‐5 mm Hg . At the same time, in the early period after cataract extraction frequent increase in IOP is described. The purpose of our study was to analyse the dynamics of IOP after uncomplicated phacoemulcificationMethods The study included 67 eyes of 66 patients who underwent uncomplicated phaco with foldable IOL implantation . All patients underwent tonography resulting tonographic IOP (Po) and ease outflow coeffitient (C) , a study of corneal ‐ compensated IOP (IOPcc) and Goldmann IOP (IOPg) with Ocular Response Analyzer. Which were repeated before surgery, the first two days , 2 weeks , 1 and 3 months after operation.Results Average Po before surgery was 15,67± 0,85 mm Hg, IOPcc 15,91 ±0,69 mm Hg and IOPg 14,51 ±0,78 mm Hg. On the first day after surgery IOPcc increased by 2,84 mm Hg, and IOPg by 1.53 mm Hg . Two weeks after surgery Po decreased from baseline by 3.45 mm Hg , IOPcc still increasing by 0.62 mm Hg , IOPg also further increased by 1.44 mm Hg .1 month after surgery Po virtually unchanged compared with data from 2 weeks , IOPcc returned to preoperative values , IOPg reduced compared with the preoperative figures by 1.0 mm Hg . Finally, after 3 months Po became lower then preoperative by 3.23 mm Hg , IOPcc reduced compared with preoperative by 1.51 mm Hg, and IOPg by 1.92 mm HgConclusion IOP rise after phaco begins on the first postoperative day , reaching a maximum in 2 weeks. Then towards the end of the first month after surgery IOP returns to preoperative values. IOP reduction 1,5‐ 2 mm Hg starts after decrease of postoperative reactive syndrome 1 month after surgery
Contribution of "en face" SD‐OCT in retinal and choroidal vascular abnormalities
Authors: SCEMAMA TIMSIT C , MANASSEH N , MAUGET‐FAYSSE M , VASSEUR V , WOLFF B , SAHEL J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPURPOSE : To evaluate the retinal and choroidal aspect in retinal or choroidal vascular abnormalities using « en face » OCT images. METHODS : All the study patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including biomicroscopic fundus examination, color photography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanin green angiography , B‐scan and « en face » SD‐OCT. RESULTS : A total of 11 patients with choroidal or retinal vascular abnormalities, 4 cases diagnosed with submacular choroidal varix, 2 cases of central serous chorioretinopathy with choroidal cavitations, 2 cases of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with perivenular whitening and retinal ischemia, 3 cases of retinal arterial macroaneurysm were analysed. The B scan findings were correlated with the angiography findings as well as with the « en face » OCT scans. In all the cases the « en face » OCT providing a layer‐by layer view of the involved retina and choroid (with EDI mode: enhanced‐depth imaging). CONCLUSIONS : « En face » OCT imaging enables an easy analyse of the structural retinal and choroidal vascular abnormalities which are correlated with B scan OCT and angiography findings.
The coupling between neuronal activity and blood flow – What can we learn about glaucoma?
Authors: GARHOFER G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe coupling between neural activity and blood flow is an essential physiological mechanism to assure constant supply of the tissue with oxygen and nutrients. Although the exact molecular mechanisms are currently still focus of research, it has been shown that several ocular diseases are accompanied by a breakdown of neuro‐vascular coupling. As such, it has been shown that in patients with early stage glaucoma, the hyperemic response to visual stimulation is reduced. The talk aims to summarize our current knowledge on the physiological importance of neuro‐vascular coupling. In addition, the potential underlying physiological mechanism will be covered. Finally the role of neuro‐vascular coupling and its potential application in the diagnosis and follow up in neuro‐degenerative diseases such as glaucoma will be discussed.
Commercial interest
Plasmalogens, astrocytes, and retinal vascular development
Authors: ACAR N , SAAB S , CREUZOT‐GARCHER C , BRON AM , BRETILLON L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSufficient oxygen and nutrient supplies to the retina are dependent on a correct development of blood vessels. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were shown to modulate factors involved in tissue vascularization. A congenital deficiency in ether‐linked phospholipids also termed as “plasmalogens” was shown to lead to abnormal ocular vascularization. Because plasmalogens are considered as reservoirs of PUFAs, we investigated whether they may influence retinal vascular development through the release of fatty acids by a specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Studies on mouse models of plasmalogen deficiency and of retinal PLA2 inhibition have shown that plasmalogens regulate retinal angiogenesis during early phases of retinal vascular development by influencing glial activity and primary astrocyte template formation. Subsequent modifications in the expression of genes involved in retinal angiogenesis impacted endothelial cell proliferation and retinal vessel outgrowth. These early defects in retinal vascular development led to a disorganized and dysfunctional retinal vascular network at adult age. These data suggest a crucial role of plasmalogens in retinal vascularization processes through a signalization involving PUFAs and PLA2.
Ocular rigidity: Biological importance and clinical implications
Authors: SCHMETTERER L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOcular rigidity is a biomechanical property of the eye coats that depends on the relationship between pressure and volume changes in the eyeball. Generally, the relation between volume and pressure changes in the eye is characterized by the Friedenwald equation and its modifications. In glaucoma, alterations in the biomechanical properties of the eye coats have been hypothesized to play a critical role. The basic concept is that dependent on the stiffness of the eyeball the individual eye can tolerate higher or lower intraocular pressures. This concept has received support from model calculations as well as from animal studies. In humans, however, assessment of ocular rigidity is difficult. The present talk will summarize techniques that have been proposed for the measurement of the ocular volume and pressure pulse and discuss clinical applicability.
Types and functions of retinal glial
Authors: OSBORNE NN 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis symposium will highlight some the functions associated with the three glial cell‐types of the retina. Glial cells actively interact with each other as well as with neurons and the vasculature and participate in the generation of the electroretinogram and spreading depression. Particularly prominent are the specialised Müller cells that span nearly the entire depth of the retina. Müller and astrocytes are resident immune cells constituting the “macroglial” and both express a wide variety of ion channels, receptors, and transporters regulating the microenvironment by controlling extracellular glutamate and potassium levels and modulate neuronal activity by release of gliotransmitters. Astrocytes also play a crucial part in retinal vascularisation, in the mature retina and are prominent in the nerve fibre and ganglion cell layers. Microglia, are resident macrophages and thus act as the first and main form of active immune defence in the retina. They are particularly associated with nerve processes occurring in the nerve fibre and plexiform layers.