bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critiquing Cooperation: Transboundary Water Governance and Adaptive Capacity in the Orange‐Senqu Basin
Authors: Keller Elizabeth J. Kistin 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:This article analyzes the effects of the Orange‐Senqu transboundary water governance regime on adaptive capacity by examining the influence of international water management institutions and interstate interactions on treaty flexibility, information management, actor networks, and financial resources. This study provides fresh insights into the dynamic effects of transboundary water governance. This is done by tracing changes in the components of adaptive capacity and the patterns of resource use and allocation over the regime's life and by determining the extent to which observed changes are caused by regime performance or other factors. Drawing on document analysis and in‐depth interviews, this article examines the assumption that cooperation between riparian states will enhance the ability of parties to recognize and respond to changing circumstances. It also examines the factors enabling and constraining reflexivity and joint planning in the basin.
Sustained Dialogue for Ground Water and Energy Resources in Chile
Authors: Pierce Suzanne A. , Malin Reed A. , Figueroa Eugenio 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:Water conflict arises in interconnected ways. As demand increases in one region or industrial sector, the accompanying shifts in water resource management regimes have impacts at the local level and may carry international implications. Insecure water resources are often the root cause of resistance or social conflict across many political and economic sectors. Integrated Water Resources Management is an emerging transdisciplinary approach to science‐based water management that attempts to account for these cross sector effects. This paper presents a case study of Integrated Water Resources Managment methods applied in the El Tatio Geothermal Field basin of northern Chile where tensions from the competing needs of metals mining, tourism, energy development, scientific research, and environmental conservation have created social and political tension. Participatory engagement was conducted with stakeholders in the field through elicitation and group dialogue process. This was combined with design of a cyberinfrastructure system for managing and presenting data. Results suggest that sustained facilitated dialogue and socio‐technical systems approaches provide a framework to implement Integrated Water Resources Managment, improve science communication, and engage stakeholders at the center of resource conflict. In the case study, early results are informing the framing of data collection plans, microentrepreneurial ventures, and spurring communication across sectors.
Reactivity to thought–shape fusion in adolescents: the effects of obesity status
Authors: Coelho J. S. , Siggen M.‐J. , Dietre P. , Bouvard M. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
What is already known about this subject
Thought–shape fusion (TSF) is a cognitive distortion associated with eating pathology.
TSF is a phenomenon associated with perceptions of weight gain, body dissatisfaction and moral wrongdoing after merely thinking about consumption of high‐caloric foods.
Women who are overweight are less susceptible to inductions of TSF than are women who are normal‐weight.

What this study adds
Obese adolescents were less susceptible to a TSF induction than were lean adolescents (i.e., they reported lower state TSF in comparison with lean adolescents, and did not demonstrate an increase in state TSF relative to a neutral induction).
Eating pathology, but not obesity status or gender, predicted trait TSF.
BackgroundPrevious research has demonstrated that imagining consumption of high‐caloric foods can lead to feelings of guilt, and perception of weight gain and moral wrongdoing. This psychological response is known as thought–shape fusion (TSF).ObjectivesThis study was conducted to assess the susceptibility of obese and lean adolescents to TSF.MethodsTo investigate TSF susceptibility in adolescents, and predictors of this distortion, a total of 82 adolescents (44 obese and 38 lean) were randomly assigned to receive either a TSF or a neutral induction. Subsequent TSF reactivity was assessed (i.e., levels of state TSF after the induction), as was trait TSF, eating pathology and depression.Results and conclusionsThe results suggest that obese adolescents are less susceptible to TSF than are lean adolescents, as lean (but not obese) adolescents reported significantly higher state TSF relative to participants who received the neutral induction. Similarly, lean adolescents who were exposed to a TSF induction reported higher state TSF than did obese adolescents. Furthermore, obesity did not emerge as a predictor of trait TSF. Factors that may account for decreased TSF susceptibility in obese adolescents relative to lean adolescents will be discussed.
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity in US males and females, age 8–15 years: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2004
Authors: Byrd H. C. M. , Curtin C. , Anderson S. E. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
What is already known about this subject
Youth with ADHD may be at increased risk for obesity.
Medications used to treat ADHD can affect weight.
Few studies have investigated possible gender differences in associations between ADHD and obesity.

What this study adds
Nationally representative of US youth aged 8–15 years.
Height and weight were measured, and ADHD assessed by structured diagnostic interview and parent report.
Associations between ADHD and obesity are reported for males and females to enable gender comparisons.
ObjectiveTo investigate how associations between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity differ by gender and medication use in a nationally representative sample of US youth in which height and weight were measured.MethodsYouth age 8–15 (n = 3050) studied in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2004. Obesity was defined as ≥95th percentile of US body mass index‐for‐age reference. ADHD was determined by asking parents if child had been diagnosed and using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children IV. Gender‐stratified multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds of obesity for youth with ADHD (medicated and unmedicated) relative to youth without ADHD.ResultsMales with ADHD who were medicated had lower odds of obesity compared to males without ADHD (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23–0.78). Unmedicated males with ADHD were as likely as males without ADHD to be obese (adjusted OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.43–2.42). The odds of obesity for females taking medication for ADHD did not differ statistically from those of females without ADHD (adjusted OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.52–2.81). Females with ADHD not taking medication had odds of obesity 1.54 times those of females without ADHD; however, the 95% CI (0.79–2.98) was wide and not statistically significant at α = 0.05.ConclusionsAssociations between ADHD and obesity are influenced by treatment of ADHD with medication and may differ by gender. Youth with ADHD who are not treated with medication are as or more likely than youth without ADHD to be obese.
The pathology of selenium deficiency in Cyprinus carpio L
Authors: Wang K Y , Peng C Z , Huang J L , Huang Y D , Jin M C , Geng Y 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSelenium is essential for the normal life processes, and all animals, including fish, need this inorganic element. In order to research the pathology of selenium deficiency in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., 360 juvenile carp were allocated to three treatments. Each treatment containing 120 fish was randomly divided into four groups, fed with purified diets containing selenium at 0, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 mg kg−1. The results indicated that the morbidity and mortality rates of the test groups were negatively correlated with the level of selenium in the diets. The morbidity and mortality rates were, respectively, 46.7%, 33.3%, 13.3%, 0 and 26.7% 16.7%, 6.7%, 0. The affected fish exhibited pathological changes, such as ‘thin back disease’ and lordosis. Histologically, there was no abnormality observed in muscles, liver and pancreas. Ultrastructurally, there was swelling of the mitochondria of the cardiac muscle cells, the liver cells and renal tubular epithelial cells, with disintegration and lysis of the cristae of the mitochondria which vesiculated. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels were increased and the activity of the serum glutathione peroxidase and the serum superoxide dismutase was decreased; in contrast, the serum malonaldehyde concentration was increased.
Argon broad ion beam tomography in a cryogenic scanning electron microscope: a novel tool for the investigation of representative microstructures in sedimentary rocks containing pore fluid
Authors: DESBOIS G. , URAI J.L. , PÉREZ‐WILLARD F. , RADI Z. , OFFERN S. , BURKART I. , KUKLA P.A. , WOLLENBERG U. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe contribution describes the implementation of a broad ion beam (BIB) polisher into a scanning electron microscope (SEM) functioning at cryogenic temperature (cryo). The whole system (BIB‐cryo‐SEM) provides a first generation of a novel multibeam electron microscope that combines broad ion beam with cryogenic facilities in a conventional SEM to produce large, high‐quality cross‐sections (up to 2 mm2) at cryogenic temperature to be imaged at the state‐of‐the‐art SEM resolution. Cryogenic method allows detecting fluids in their natural environment and preserves samples against desiccation and dehydration, which may damage natural microstructures. The investigation of microstructures in the third dimension is enabled by serial cross‐sectioning, providing broad ion beam tomography with slices down to 350 nm thick.The functionalities of the BIB‐cryo‐SEM are demonstrated by the investigation of rock salts (synthetic coarse‐grained sodium chloride synthesized from halite‐brine mush cold pressed at 150 MPa and 4.5 GPa, and natural rock salt mylonite from a salt glacier at Qom Kuh, central Iran). In addition, results from BIB‐cryo‐SEM on a gas shale and Boom Clay are also presented to show that the instrument is suitable for a large range of sedimentary rocks. For the first time, pore and grain fabrics of preserved host and reservoir rocks can be investigated at nm‐scale range over a representative elementary area.In comparison with the complementary and overlapping performances of the BIB‐SEM method with focused ion beam‐SEM and X‐ray tomography methods, the BIB cross‐sectioning enables detailed insights about morphologies of pores at greater resolution than X‐ray tomography and allows the production of large representative surfaces suitable for FIB‐SEM investigations of a specific representative site within the BIB cross‐section.
Reproducibility of ABC/2 Method to Determine Infarct Volume and Mismatch Percentage with CT Perfusion
Authors: French Kris F. , Martinez Julie K. , DeHavenon Adam H. , Weathered Natalie R. , Grantz Matthew , Smith Shawn M. , Wilder Michael , Rassner Ulrich A. , Kircher John C. , Dewitt L.Dana. , Wold Jana J. , Hoesch Robert E. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDOur aim is to implement a simple, rapid, and reliable method using computed tomography perfusion imaging and clinical judgment to target patients for reperfusion therapy in the hyper‐acute stroke setting. We introduce a novel formula (1–infarct volume [CBV]/penumbra volume [MTT] × 100%) to quantify mismatch percentage.METHODSTwenty patients with anterior circulation strokes who underwent CT perfusion and received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) were analyzed retrospectively. Nine blinded viewers determined volume of infarct and ischemic penumbra using the ABC/2 method and also the mismatch percentage.RESULTSInterrater reliability using the volumetric formula (ABC/2) was very good (intraclass correlation [ICC] = .9440 and ICC = .8510) for hemodynamic parameters infarct (CBV) and penumbra (MTT). ICC coefficient using the mismatch formula (1–MTT/CBV × 100%) was good (ICC of .635).CONCLUSIONSThe ABC/2 method of volume estimation on CT perfusion is a reliable and efficient approach to determine infarct and penumbra volumes. The 1–CBV/MTT × 100% formula produces a mismatch percentage assisting providers in communicating the proportion of salvageable brain and guides therapy in the setting of patients with unclear time of onset with potentially salvageable tissue who can undergo mechanical retrieval or intraarterial thrombolytics.
MRI‐based Morphometric Analysis of Posterior Cranial Fossa in the Diagnosis of Chiari Malformation Type I
Authors: Urbizu Aintzane , Poca Maria‐Antonia , Vidal Xavier , Rovira Alex , Sahuquillo Juan , Macaya Alfons 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe diagnosis of Chiari malformation type I (CMI) relies on MRI identification of a tonsillar descent (TD) through the foramen magnum, reflecting the overcrowding of an underdeveloped posterior cranial fossa (PCF). However, TD occurs in some patients with normal‐sized PCF and, conversely, some patients with borderline or no TD have small PCF. We thus sought to identify a set of prototypic PCF measures for the diagnosis of CMI.METHODSWe performed nineteen measurements of the PCF on sagittal MRI of 100 cases with cerebellar TD ≥5 mm and 50 control individuals, compared the average values in both cohorts and used logistic regression to devise a probability model to predict CMI status.RESULTSSignificant decrements were detected for several PCF‐related measures in the patients’ cohort. We developed a probability model that combined seven of these parameters to predict diagnosis with 93% sensitivity and 92% specificity.CONCLUSIONSThe addition of simple morphometric measurements in the diagnostic work‐up of patients with suspected CMI may facilitate radiological diagnosis. Moreover, identification of the subset of CMI that arise from basichondrocranium underdevelopment is important for both, selection of the most appropriate therapeutic approach as well as proper CMI categorization in research studies.
Effect of 12-oxochenodeoxycholate on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine 6-glucuronide in Wistar rats
Authors: Yang Lin , Fawcett J Paul , Zhang Hu , Tucker Ian G 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The semi-synthetic bile salt, 12-oxochenodeoxycholate (OCDC also known as 12-monoketocholate), has been shown to enhance drug permeation across biological membranes with low cytotoxicity. Its effect on the analgesic potency and brain concentration of morphine 6-glucuronide (M6G) was studied in male Wistar rats.

Methods
Four groups of animals (n = 8) were given 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg OCDC or normal saline (control) by subcutaneous injection 30 min before a subcutaneous injection of 5 mg/kg M6G after which the hotplate test was performed on each rat at various times. After a 2 week wash-out period, the same rats (n = 30) were randomized to two equal groups and given OCDC (20 mg/kg) or normal saline 30 min before 5 mg/kg M6G. At five time points up to 3 h after M6G administration, three rats from each group were euthanized and blood and brain analyzed for M6G.

Key findings
The area under the analgesic effect versus time curve (AUAE) was found to be significantly (P &lt; 0.05) greater in rats given 20 mg/kg OCDC than in control rats. Area under the curve (AUC) for M6G in both plasma and brain was greater in OCDC-treated rats than in control rats, but the brain : plasma AUC ratio was lower.

Conclusions
OCDC enhances the analgesic effect of M6G but gives a lower brain : plasma ratio due to increasing M6G plasma levels probably by reducing its renal clearance.
Productive engagement in older adults: A concept analysis
Authors: Thanakwang Kattika , Isaramalai Sang‐arun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the concept of productive engagement as it applies to older adults. The concept analysis was based onWalker andAvant's eight‐step method. A literature review of articles published inEnglish between 1990 and 2011 (n = 37) was conducted, using an electronic search of multiple sources. Results revealed that four defining attributes for productive engagement include continuing to work either paid or unpaid, caring for others, engaging in social activities, and growing spirituality. The antecedents of productive engagement are sociocultural factors as well as individual and institutional capacities. Meanwhile, the consequences are increased feelings of usefulness, improved health and well‐being, aged successfully, and enhanced quality of life. Model, borderline, and contrary cases are presented to illustrate the concept's defining attributes. Defining the concept of productive engagement provides a basis for nurses and other health professionals to better understand productive engagement in older adults, thus effective strategic plans or programs for promoting productive roles among older adults can be further developed.
Arabidopsis COLD SHOCK DOMAIN PROTEIN 2 is a negative regulator of cold acclimation
Authors: Sasaki Kentaro , Kim Myung‐Hee , Imai Ryozo 
Published: January 2013

Summary

Bacterial cold shock proteins (CSPs) act as RNA chaperones that destabilize mRNA secondary structures at low temperatures. Bacterial CSPs are composed solely of a nucleic acid‐binding domain termed the cold shock domain (CSD). Plant CSD proteins contain an auxiliary domain in addition to the CSD but also show RNA chaperone activity. However, their biological functions are poorly understood.

We examined Arabidopsis COLD SHOCK DOMAIN PROTEIN 2 (AtCSP2) using overexpressing and mutant lines.

A double mutant, with reduced AtCSP2 and no AtCSP4, showed higher freezing tolerance than the wild‐type when cold‐acclimated. The increase in freezing tolerance was associated with up‐regulation of CBF transcription factors and their downstream genes. By contrast, overexpression of AtCSP2 resulted in decreased freezing tolerance when cold‐acclimated. In addition, late flowering and shorter siliques were observed in the overexpressing lines.

AtCSP2 negatively regulates freezing tolerance and is partially redundant with its closest paralog, AtCSP4.
Reduction of molecular gas diffusion through gaskets in leaf gas exchange cuvettes by leaf‐mediated pores
Authors: BOESGAARD KRISTINE S. , MIKKELSEN TEIS N. , RO‐POULSEN HELGE , IBROM ANDREAS 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThere is an ongoing debate on how to correct leaf gas exchange measurements for the unavoidable diffusion leakage that occurs when measurements are done in non‐ambient CO2 concentrations. In this study, we present a theory on how the CO2 diffusion gradient over the gasket is affected by leaf‐mediated pores (LMP) and how LMP reduce diffusive exchange across the gaskets. Recent discussions have so far neglected the processes in the quasi‐laminar boundary layer around the gasket. Counter intuitively, LMP reduce the leakage through gaskets, which can be explained by assuming that the boundary layer at the exterior of the cuvette is enriched with air from the inside of the cuvette. The effect can thus be reduced by reducing the boundary layer thickness. The theory clarifies conflicting results from earlier studies. We developed leaf adaptor frames that eliminate LMP during measurements on delicate plant material such as grass leaves with circular cross section, and the effectiveness is shown with respiration measurements on a harp of Deschampsia flexuosa leaves. We conclude that the best solution for measurements with portable photosynthesis systems is to avoid LMP rather than trying to correct for the effects.
Oral health care provided by Greek dentists to persons with physical and/or intellectual impairment
Authors: Gizani Sotiria , Kandilorou Helen , Kavvadia Katerina , Tzoutzas John 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeThe study aimed to register information about the oral health care provided to persons with physical and intellectual impairment (PPII) in Greece and to report the dentists’ attitudes towards the provision of oral health care.MethodsA well‐designed questionnaire was used to select information on dentists’ socioeconomic data, their office characteristics, the performed oral health care and their views about oral health care delivery for PPII. The final sample consisted of 534 dentists. Descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been used for the statistical analysis of the data.ResultsMost respondents were general practitioners (79.3%) providing oral health care to PPII, but seven out of ten dentists have not been trained to treat them. According to their opinion, oral health care for PPII demands a lot of time and is hard to accomplish.ConclusionsContinuing education and training of dentists to treat PPII is essential in Greece.
Effortlessly strengthening infant memory: Associative potentiation of new learning
Authors: ROVEE‐COLLIER CAROLYN , MITCHELL KATHERINE , HSU‐YANG VIVIAN 
Published: January 2013

Rovee‐Collier, C., Mitchell, K. & Hsu‐Yang, V. (2013). Effortlessly strengthening infant memory: Associative potentiation of new learning. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 54, 4–9.We recently discovered that young infants learn a new association better in the presence of a prior association than when they learn it alone – a phenomenon we call associative potentiation. When 6‐month‐olds observed actions modeled on a puppet (remembered for 1 day) in the presence of a toy train they had learned to activate (remembered for 2 weeks), they remembered the demonstration for 2 weeks too. Currently, we examined the generality of associative potentiation. We found that when 6‐month‐olds learned the train task (remembered for 5 days) in the presence of two previously associated puppets (remembered for 4 weeks); they remembered the train task for 4 weeks too – more than five times longer. We conclude that associative potentiation is a general phenomenon: Cues for any stronger prior association will correspondingly increase the memory strength of any weaker new association that young infants learn in their presence, eliminating the need for repeated practice. We view associative potentiation as an adaptive mechanism that counteracts the rapid forgetting of younger infants by instantly increasing the strength of their new learning to a level characteristic of older infants. Neuromaturational models of infant memory cannot account for associative potentiation, but an ecological model does.