bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dichotomy theorem for minimizers of monotone recurrence relations
Authors: MRAMOR BLAŽ , RINK BOB 
Published: September 2013

AbstractVariational monotone recurrence relations arise in solid state physics as generalizations of the Frenkel–Kontorova model for a ferromagnetic crystal. For such problems, Aubry–Mather theory establishes the existence of ‘ground states’ or ‘global minimizers’ of arbitrary rotation number. A nearest neighbor crystal model is equivalent to a Hamiltonian twist map. In this case, the global minimizers have a special property: they can only cross once. As a non-trivial consequence, every one of them has the Birkhoff property. In crystals with a larger range of interaction and for higher order recurrence relations, the single crossing property does not hold and there can exist global minimizers that are not Birkhoff. In this paper we investigate the crossings of global minimizers. Under a strong twist condition, we prove the following dichotomy: they are either Birkhoff, and thus very regular, or extremely irregular and non-physical: they then grow exponentially and oscillate. For Birkhoff minimizers, we also prove certain strong ordering properties that are well known for twist maps.
Characterizations of periods of multi-dimensional shifts
Authors: JEANDEL EMMANUEL , VANIER PASCAL 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe show that the sets of periods of multi-dimensional shifts of finite type are precisely the sets of integers of the complexity classNP. We also show that the functions counting their number are the functions of #P. We also give characterizations of some other notions of periodicity in terms of space complexity. We finish the paper by giving some characterizations for sofic and effective subshifts.
Subjective cognitive complaints across the adult life span: a 14-year analysis of trends and associations using the 1993, 2000 and 2007 English Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys
Authors: Begum A. , Dewey M. , Hassiotis A. , Prince M. , Wessely S. , Stewart R. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundCognitive complaints are common in all age groups but most often researched in old age. We aimed to investigate prevalences and time trends over 14 years of subjective memory complaints (SMC) and subjective concentration complaints (SCC) in adults and investigate associations with mood disorders and cognitive function.MethodData from three English national mental health surveys carried out in 1993, 2000 and 2007 were analysed. SMC and SCC were measured using the Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised and cognitive function using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status.ResultsBoth SMC and SCC increased up to middle age and then declined, followed by a second rise in the very oldest age groups. Age-specific prevalence of both increased across survey years but relationships with mental health and cognitive outcomes were relatively stable.ConclusionsCognitive complaints are most common in middle age and have become more prevalent over time.
The Sites
Authors: Blackman David , Branigan Keith 
Published: September 2013

I. The Ayiofarango ValleyE1 (M, GR, BM)A terrace at about the 200 m. contour, east of and above the road from Kaloi Limenes to A. Kyriaki, c. 100 m. from the point where the road crosses the watershed into the catchment area. The terrace is c. 150 m. (N.-S.) by 50 m. (E.-W.), bounded on the east by steep, bare upward gradients, and on the west by a steep downward slope covered only with low scrub. Two possible stretches of wall were found on the western slope, but the only certain structural remains were a modern sheep pen and a circular wall, c. 1–5 m. in diameter, which appeared to be a filled-in well. Abraded sherds were quite common on the western slope, but scarcer on the terrace.
Hellenistic Fine Ware Pottery and Lamps from above the House with the Idols at Mycenae
Authors: Rudolph Wolf 
Published: September 2013

The excavations conducted to the north of and around the House with the Idols during the last two decades have brought to light groups of Hellenistic pottery from domestic contexts which will be presented in the following outline. The purpose of this article is principally to discuss the fine wares and the lamps as a distinct typological group, adding to our scant present-day knowledge of Hellenistic pottery in the Peloponnese outside Corinth. A discussion of the over-all archaeological context of the pottery as well as of the cooking-, coarse-, and pithos wares is to follow in a different context planned for a future publication.The principal feature of the Hellenistic layer covering this area comprises two strata of construction within the identified dwelling units. These houses lay to either side of what appears to have been a street or alley, running up the slope south of both the Ramp House and the South House, carrying on in an approximately north west – south easterly direction.
Al Mina and Euboea
Authors: Popham Mervyn , Hatcher H. , Pollard A.M. 
Published: September 2013

These differing conclusions, regarding early Euboean trade at Al Mina, from leading Students of the School may seem to contain the seeds of another internecine, Lelantine War. So, since the author has a homely interest in the Plain, and counts the two contestants among his friends, he thought he might intervene, though with no pretence to the same expert knowledge of the period in question and with a strong vested interest in Euboean enterprise.The point at issue is the source of a distinctive group of sherds from Al Mina, probably the earliest Greek pottery found on that site; they belong to rather shallow skyphoi, or cups, decorated on each side with two groups of compass-drawn semicircles pendent from the lip and usually overlapping.
Columns in Antis in the Temple on the Ilissus
Authors: Barrett Anthony A. , Vickers Michael 
Published: September 2013

The small Ionic temple that once stood on the banks of the Ilissus has now all but disappeared. Converted into a Christian church during the Turkish occupation, it was completely dismantled in 1778 to provide material for the new fortification walls of Athens. Fortunately, before its final destruction the temple was visited by the English travellers J. Stuart and N. Revett and its appearance, plan (Fig. 1), and dimensions have been preserved by their careful drawings.Scholars were immediately reminded of these drawings when, in 1834, the remains of the Temple of Nike on the Acropolis were discovered (Fig. 2). The close relationship between the two temples and the likelihood that both were the products of the same architect, Callicrates, have since then been generally acknowledged, and a detailed study of the points of similarity has been made more recently by I. M. Shear.
Coins from an Aeolic Site
Authors: Cook J. M. 
Published: September 2013

Returning to Smyrna from a journey up the Aeolic coast in July 1960, I stopped at the village of Buruncuk, which lies at the foot of an ancient site on the north edge of the Hermus Plain. The site is the excavated one commonly identified as Larisa Phrikonis or Larisa Aegyptia.It is not, however, certain that the identification is correct. In view of its position on the Hermus Plain and the sudden access of prosperity that the excavations show to have occurred there after the middle of the sixth century, we can confidently recognize the site as one of the two towns of the Hermus Plain that were given by Cyrus the Great to the soldiers of the Egyptian guard after the defeat of Croesus in front of Sardis; and we know that Larisa was one of the two towns. But the possibility remains that the Buruncuk site is the other of the two towns (i.e. Cyllene) and that Larisa itself was the more impressive site on the hill above Yanik Köy four miles further east. We shall return to this problem; but for the present purpose we may note that Larisa and Neon Teichos, which is commonly identified with the Yanik Köy site, lay close together in the vicinity of the Hermus Plain.
Wessex without Mycenae
Authors: Renfrew Colin 
Published: September 2013

The absolute chronology for the Early Bronze Age of Central and Northern Europe, including that for the Wessex culture of southern Britain, is not yet reliably established. This point was emphasized by V. Gordon Childe in his Retrospect, and the following words were indeed the very last which he wrote. Speaking of ‘the urgency of establishing a reliable chronology’, he stated: ‘a great deal of the argument depends on a precise date for the beginning of Unétice, that is at best very slightly the most probable out of perfectly possible guesses ranging over five centuries’.At that time the basis for the absolute chronology of the Early Bronze Age was, as it largely remains today, a framework of synchronous links built up across Europe to the Mycenaean world of the Aegean Late Bronze Age. The assumption was made—and Childe stressed that it was an assumption—that European development and chronology were to be viewed in terms of ‘the irradation of European barbarism by Oriental civilisation’. Possible links for the European Early Bronze Age with Mycenae and indeed the Near East were eagerly sought in an attempt to build up a coherent chronology founded on this assumption.
The Mosaic Decoration of S. Demetrios, Thessaloniki: a re-examination in the light of the drawings of W. S. George
Authors: Cormack Robin S. 
Published: September 2013

The important mosaics in the north inner aisle of the Church of S. Demetrios were largely destroyed in the fire of 1917. They had been unrecorded until ten years previously when their covering of Turkish plaster was removed.On 1 August 1907, the Turkish authorities set under way major repairs of the Casimir Çamii (Κασιμιὲ Τʒαμισί) in Thessaloniki, at that time a somewhat dilapidated building which had been last renovated in 1841. Operations were completed by June 1908. The name of the mosque did not conceal its original dedication as the Byzantine church of S. Demetrios, which had been one of the most famous centres of pilgrimage for Orthodox Christians until its Muslim conversion in 1492–3. In the course of these repairs occurred the unexpected discovery of surviving Christian mosaics and wall-paintings under a coating of plaster. The first mosaics were revealed in December 1907, and comprised three bust figures within medallions, situated in the central part of the north inner aisle (Plates 1a, 15a). The discovery was greeted with excitement by P. N. Papageorgiou, who took photographs which he communicated to the Turkish Nomarch and the Oecumenical Patriarch. The news was published in ecclesiastical news-sheets in Thessaloniki (December 1907) and Istanbul (26 January 1908). Meanwhile further soundings and discoveries continued in the mosque.
Pavlopetri: an Underwater Bronze Age Town in Laconia
Authors: Harding Anthony , Cadogan Gerald , Howell Roger 
Published: September 2013

In 1967 N. C. Flemming of the Institute of Oceanography discovered a submerged settlement, probably of the Bronze Age, off the south coast of Laconia opposite Elaphonisos Island. The following year the Cambridge Underwater Exploration Group formed an expedition to investigate the site. The main aims of the expedition were:1. To survey the visible remains of the site in order to produce the plan of a prehistoric town on a larger scale than is possible on land, where the time and cost of excavation are normally prohibitive.2. To investigate sea- and land-level changes in the area, in particular by seeking traces of old shore-lines or of harbour-works.3. To experiment with methods of planning extensive remains underwater, and especially with photography from a balloon.
Early Greek Jewellery
Authors: Higgins R. A. 
Published: September 2013

For a number of reasons the time seems ripe for a fresh appraisal of the jewellery of the Early Iron Age in Greece, between 1100 and 700 B.C.It is perhaps worth recalling, as a preliminary, the superlative excellence of Mycenaean jewellery, in which the arts of filigree, granulation, inlay, enamelling, and repoussé-work were carried to perfection. When the Mycenaean world finally collapsed about 1100 B.C. after a century of turmoil, it left a very different legacy. There was little time now to spare for the luxuries of life; and jewellery, where it existed at all, was simple in the extreme.I shall be concerned in this paper with the re-emergence of high-quality jewellery in the post-Mycenaean world. The investigation will be restricted to Attica and Crete, for these districts are by far the most fruitful sources for our period.
Greek–Phoenician Bilingual Inscriptions from Rhodes
Authors: Fraser P. M. 
Published: September 2013

Bilingual Greek–Semitic inscriptions have been found at numerous places in the Mediterranean—not only on Cyprus, but also on Malta, on Cos, in Athens, Miletus, and elsewhere—and, though not as numerous as Greek–Latin bilingual texts, are nevertheless of considerable interest both in themselves and also as evidence for the coexistence, in individual cases, of the two cultures. Rhodes, from which the three pieces here republished come, had a large foreign population in the Hellenistic period, but bilingual texts are not common there. It is, however, noteworthy that what is probably the earliest bilingual Greek–Latin inscription, of the third century B.C., comes from Lindos (Inscr. Lind. 92).I. Plaque of dark grey marble, complete on all sides, H. 0·130, W. 0·243, Th. 0·065, letters (Gk.), 0·018, (Phoen.), 0·010–0·015. Rough-picked on all sides for affixing into stele or similar object, but front part of all sides smooth (Plate 12a).Found, casually, 1968, in area of eastern necropolis near the church of Panagia Phaneromene. Now in Rhodes Museum, Inv. no. ΠΒΕ 1233.Greek: Phoenician:
Notes from the Dodecanese II
Authors: Simpson R. Hope , Lazenby J. F. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryOur campaigns of 1967 and 1968 have confirmed and supplemented that of 1960, especially concerning the Late Bronze Age habitation of the Dodecanese. Pottery of Mycenaean type has been found for the first time on Patmos, Leros, and Syme, and further Mycenaean settlements have been identified in the northern part of Kos, at Asklúpi and Palaiópyli. On many sites it has not been possible to determine from the surface finds the exact period of prehistoric habitation, but pre-Mycenaean material has been noted for the first time on the islands of Patmos, Leros, Telos (?), Syme, and Kasos. A particularly interesting early phase is represented by the sherds from Troúlli on Kos. Among the finds from periods subsequent to the Bronze Age, the most interesting are perhaps the Geometric sherds from Kastélli on Patmos and from the Kástro at Pólin on Kasos. A remarkable phenomenon also is the size and strength of the Hellenistic fortifications on some of the smaller islands, namely Patmos, Telos, Syme, and Castellorizo. It would appear that these islands probably enjoyed at this time a prosperity disproportionate to their size and agricultural resources.
Knossos: Early Greek occupation under the Roman Villa Dionysos
Authors: Coldstream J. N. , Hatzaki Eleni M. 
Published: September 2013

Under the central courtyard of the Villa Dionysos laid out in the second century AD as a Roman garden (Viridarium), a sounding in summer 2000 revealed two layers of PG domestic occupation, with no architectural remains from the intervening periods. This article publishes the two stratified PG deposits and the later fill above them. A forthcoming article will discuss the bioarchaeological evidence and also the LM deposit below, down to the bedrock.The discovery of a PG house, so far to the north of the previously known PG settlement, invites some discussion. A Supplement will set forth other evidence for Early Greek presence in the area of the Roman villa.
The Roman mosaics of the Knossos Valley
Authors: Sweetman Rebecca 
Published: September 2013

Thirty Roman mosaics are now known from the Knossos Valley. The Villa Dionysos, with eight mosaics thus far uncovered, forms the largest coherent group. Recent work undertaken at the nearby bath house has revealed a small group of three mosaics. For the most part the remainder are isolated examples, commonly found during rescue excavation and often not well preserved. The mosaics range in date from the late first to the late third century AD and they display a variety of styles from black and white to polychrome and themes from simple geometric to complex figured designs. This paper presents a catalogue of the mosaics followed by a synthetic analysis, providing cultural evidence for the hitherto not well-understood Roman period of Knossos and adding to the corpus of mosaics in Greece.Despite the limitations of such a study, imposed by the nature of the recovery of the material culture, it is possible, through an understanding of mosaic distribution, context and type, to make suggestions regarding the function of different areas within the city. An analysis of chronology and evidence for workshop production provides data for economic and cultural fluctuations and, importantly, a study of the mosaics helps to place Knossos within the broader context of the Roman Empire.
An Inscribed Lead Plaque from Korkyra
Authors: Calligas P. 
Published: September 2013

In the store-rooms of the British Museum is kept a fragment belonging to a lead plaque which bears the traces of an inscription written boustrophedon in the Corinthian alphabet. This lead plaque was part of the collection of J. Woodhouse, which was made in Corfu, and following the death of the collector in 1866 was bequeathed to the British Museum.In 1868 the plaque was catalogued and described in the Museum's Register. According to a sketch, also included, it is clear that at that time more of it was preserved and that besides the upper and lower edge possibly the right end was also retained. It was described as containing seven lines of a boustrophedon inscription, of which only the first, second, and seventh lines were transcribed. The inscription was incomprehensible, and that may have been the reason for its not being published hitherto.
Mantineia and the Mantinike: Settlement and Society in a Greek Polis
Authors: Hodkinson Stephen , Hodkinson Hilary 
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this study is to combine an archaeological and a historical analysis of settlement within the territory of thepolisof Mantineia in E. Arkadia during the Archaic and Classical periods. Its aim is twofold: first, to collect and interpret the evidence for settlements and their history; secondly, to examine that evidence in relation to Mantineia's society and economy, in order to assess the significance of changes of settlement patterns for the nature of the Mantineianpolis. The changes in question revolve around the eventful history of the town of Mantineia which was founded sometime in the late Archaic or early Classical period, destroyed by the Spartans and compulsorily abandoned in 385 B.C., and finally refounded in 370, remaining in existence until the sixth to seventh centuries A.D.The significance of these changes for the political and military history of the Peloponnese, especially for the vital interests of Spartan foreign policy, was realized in antiquity and has been discussed in detail in several modern accounts. The location of Mantineian territory within the Peloponnese (Fig. 1) made it a strategic military focus and thoroughfare. Mantineia, together with Tegea and Pallantion, occupied the modern valley of Tripolis, which enclosed the largest plain of E. Arkadia and was linked directly with the valley of Sparta through the N. Lakonian hills by at least two major routes used by military traffic.
The Topography of Minoan Peak Sanctuaries
Authors: Peatfield A. A. D. 
Published: September 2013

Minoan peak sanctuaries share certain topographic features. They are usually situated on or close to the summits of prominent mountains throughout Crete. Each peak sanctuary is closely associated with the surrounding settlement area, the relevant mountain being chosen for its domination of the local landscape. It is notable that the shrine sites are not always on the actual highest point of the massif, but on what appears to be the highest, most visible point from the valley below. Equally striking is the view from the sanctuary: it seems to have been important to be able to see the local settlements from the shrine itself. Significant too are the numbers of other peak sanctuaries visible from each site; perhaps this network united the country via a common peak sanctuary festival night (given the evidence for bonfires).Accepting the close association between peak sanctuaries and settlements, it is argued that the apparent decline of those sanctuaries after LM I is a decline of numbers, not of cult importance. Evidence for this is quoted from the Iouktas shrine. Further, it is suggested that the ‘Mountain Mother’ sealing from Knossos was produced as a piece of religious propaganda to justify a change of rule there.
Between Necessity and Extravagance: Silver as a commodity in the Hellenistic Period
Authors: Panagopoulou Katerina 
Published: September 2013

The remarkably high numbers of silver items (traded goods and coins) found around the Mediterranean during the Hellenistic period, compared to the earlier periods, is inextricably bound with the increase in the amounts of silver extracted and with the wider recognition and acceptance of this metal in the Hellenistic world. Not least, the fact that silver, through its dual role as money and as a commercial commodity, binds use value with exchange value in Hellenistic societies, challenges one to explore the economic behaviour of this metal within the broader economic picture.The present article offers a multidisciplinary approach to the role of silver in Hellenistic economies along these lines. Through the study of literary, epigraphical and archaeological evidence, it embarks on a survey of the ways in which mining, the function of metal workshops, trade and population movements, wars regulated or influenced the spread of silver commodities around the Mediterranean. The construction of a theoretical model regarding the economic behaviour of silver enables us to identify broadly the mechanisms of (re)distribution of silver items in Hellenistic micro- and macroeconomics.
A Late Helladic IIIC Vase in Birmingham
Authors: Catling H. W. 
Published: September 2013

I publish illustrations here of a Mycenaean vase that has for long been in the possession of the Department of Archaeology in the City of Birmingham Museum. It entered that collection in 1885 as part of a group of pottery found in Cyprus, without further details of source. All the rest of the material is certainly of Cypriot origin, and there must be a very strong presumption that our vase was found there, too. Since it belongs to a class of Mycenaean pottery of which very little has been reported from Cyprus, and is also of some little intrinsic interest, it seems appropriate that it should be more widely known. The vase may be described as follows:Birmingham accession no. 1369/85. Stirrup jar, complete and intact. Ht. 0·25 m., diam. 0·203 m. Furumark would call the shape ‘globular-conical’ and ‘perked-up’. Shoulders and belly are spherical, but the lower walls straighten somewhat toward the foot. The clay is light buff in tone, with some inclusions, well fired, and has a smooth yellowish surface finish. The paint is rich brown to dark brown in colour, matt, and rather streaky on the solid areas; brush strokes are very evident. The spout is of concave profile, with wide mouth that has a well-formed bead lip; it just tops the disc of the false-neck, almost touching it. The broad handles are rather narrowly set on the shoulder. In the middle of the disc of the false-neck is a prominent plastic nipple, pierced before firing, that acts as air-hole. The bevelled foot is well proportioned. There is paint on the lip of the spout, whose root, as well as the root of the false-neck and the roots of the handles, is outlined with paint.