bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal switching problems under partial information
Authors: Li Kai , Nyström Kaj , Olofsson Marcus 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we formulate and study an optimal switching problem under partial information. In our model, the agent/manager/investor attempts to maximize the expected reward by switching between different states/investments. However, he is not fully aware of his environment and only an observation process, which contains partial information about the environment/underlying, is accessible. It is based on the partial information carried by this observation process that all decisions must be made. We propose a probabilistic numerical algorithm, based on dynamic programming, regression Monte Carlo methods, and stochastic filtering theory, to compute the value function. In this paper, the approximation of the value function and the corresponding convergence result are obtained when the underlying and observation processes satisfy the linear Kalman–Bucy setting. A numerical example is included to show some specific features of partial information.
Der Gott der Philosophen Überlegungen zur Natürlichen Theologie
Authors: Tetens Holm 
Published: April 2015

ZusammenfassungSchon länger ist in der Philosophie die Frage nach Gott völlig an den Rand gedrückt. Für die überwältigende Mehrheit der Philosophen hat sich das Thema Gott vollständig erledigt. Der Aufsatz fragt, wie sich das Projekt einer Philosophischen Theologie wiederbeleben lässt. Im Mittelpunkt steht die These: Philosophische Theologie hat nur als Metakritik an der auch in weiten Teilen der christlichen Theologie beliebten generellen Metaphysikkritik und zugleich und vor allem inhaltlich als Kritik an der gegenwärtig vorherrschenden Metaphysik des Naturalismus eine Chance zur Erneuerung.
Martin Luther on Perception and Theological Knowledge
Authors: Vainio Olli-Pekka 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn his writings, Luther does not offer a full-blown epistemological theory or model of cognitive psychology. Nevertheless, he occasionally makes use of some already available theories, but seems to do this in a very eclectic manner. Many of his treatments of epistemology and psychology are aimed at specifically religious use, and he seems to draw from ancient and contemporary theories only to the extent that they suit his religious aims. It is not possible to argue that Luther adopts any clear-cut philosophical theory, which he then employs coherently across the fields of philosophy and theology. However, it is possible to analyze how Luther uses different philosophical theories. At best, this demonstrates Luther’s dependence on late medieval and earlier philosophy and may help to find commonalities between Luther and precedent traditions.
Die Kategorie des Heiligen in der Religionsphänomenologie, Theologie und Philosophie des 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Pylajew Maxim , Antonow Konstantin 
Published: April 2015

ZusammenfassungIm 20. Jahrhundert wurden mindestens vier distinkte Modi der Diskussion über die Kategorie »das Heilige« entwickelt. Der erste Modus der Kategorie des Heiligen findet sich in der klassischen und modernen Religionsphänomenologie. Bei seinem Besuch der Synagoge in Marokko 1911 entdeckt Rudolf Otto das Heilige als ein Noema der religiösen Intentionalität des Bewusstseins. Der zweite Modus der Diskussion um die Kategorie »das Heilige« (wir können ihn den philosophischen nennen) ist neben der Religionsphänomenologie eine eigenständige Richtung in der phänomenologischen Philosophie: die philosophische Phänomenologie des Heiligen. Dazu gehören B. Welte und die Philosophen seiner Schule (K. Hemmerle, B. Casper, P. Hünermann und andere). Die philosophische Phänomenologie des Heiligen kümmert sich um die Klärung des ontologischen Status und der epistemologischen Möglichkeiten der Hierophanie. Der dritte Modus der Diskussion über die Kategorie »das Heilige« kann als theologisch oder philosophisch-theologisch bezeichnet werden. Außer M. Scheler könnten wir zu den Vertretern der theologischen Religionsphänomenologie P. Tillich und P. Florenskij hinzuzählen. Ein eigener Modus der Behandlung der Kategorie »das Heilige« findet sich in der russischen Philosophie Ende des 19. und Anfang des 20. Jhs. Dem Anschein nach ist die Hinwendung zu diesen Begriff, die sich in den Werken von W. Rosanow, A. Lossew, P. Florenskij und anderen Denkern zeigt, der phänomenologischen Philosophie und philosophischen Hermeneutik sehr nah.
Human breast milk concentration of neopterin at various stages of lactation and during a single feeding
Authors: Plata-Nazar Katarzyna , Woś-Wasilewska Ewa , Szlagatys-Sidorkiewcz Agnieszka , Łuczak Grażyna , Zagierski Maciej , Martysiak-Żurowska Dorota , Kamińska Barbara 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the physiological level of neopterin in human breast milk, and to study its variability depending on the duration of a single feeding and the lactation stage. Breast milk samples from 74 women were collected between 2 and 4 days after delivery, and at 15, 30, and 90 days after delivery. Additionally, breast milk samples from eight women were collected before and after 7 and 15 min of breastfeeding. The concentration of neopterin in breast milk was determined by an immunoenzymatic assay. The range of breast milk neopterin concentration at various stages of lactation amounted to 15.4–19.2 nmol/L at 2–4 days after delivery, 20.2–23.0 nmol/L at day 15, 20.8–24.5 nmol/L at day 30, and 16.9–20.4 nmol/L at day 90. The level of neopterin 2–4 days after delivery was significantly lower than that at days 15 and 30; moreover, the concentration of neopterin at day 30 was significantly higher than that at day 90. No significant differences were documented between neopterin concentrations at various phases of a single feeding. While the breast milk concentration of neopterin changes depending on the stage of lactation, it remains stable throughout a single feeding.
Development of an automated batch-type solid-liquid extraction apparatus and extraction of Zr, Hf, and Th by triisooctylamine from HCl solutions for chemistry of element 104, Rf
Authors: Kasamatsu Yoshitaka , Kino Aiko , Yokokita Takuya , Nakamura Kouhei , Komori Yukiko , Toyomura Keigo , Yoshimura Takashi , Haba Hiromitsu , Kanaya Jumpei , Huang Minghui , Kudou Yuki , Takahashi Naruto , Shinohara Atsushi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Solid-liquid extraction of the group 4 elements Zr and
Hf, which are homologues of Rf (Z = 104), and Th,
a pseudo homologue, by triisooctylamine (TIOA) from HCl
solutions was performed by batch method. After examining the time
required to reach extraction equilibrium for these elements in various
concentrations of TIOA and HCl, we investigated in
detail variations in the distribution coefficients (K
d)
with TIOA and HCl concentrations. The K
d
values of Zr and Hf increased with increasing the HCl
and TIOA concentrations, suggesting an increase in the
abundance of the anionic chloride complexes of Zr and
Hf. On the other hand, the K
d values of Th
were low in all the HCl concentrations studied, implying that
Th does not form anionic species dominantly. We developed a new
automated batch-type solid-liquid extraction apparatus for repetitive
experiments on transactinide elements. Using this apparatus, we
performed solid-liquid extraction employing the radioactive nuclides
89mZr and 175Hf produced by nuclear reactions and
transported continuously from the nuclear reaction chamber by the
He/KCl gas-jet system. It was found that the
distribution behaviors in 7–11 M HCl are almost
constant in the time range 10–120 s, and the
K
d values are consistent with those obtained in the above
manual experiment. This result suggests that the chemical reactions in
the extraction process reach equilibrium within 10 s for
Zr and Hf under the present experimental conditions. It
took about 35 s for the extraction using the
apparatus. These results indicate the applicability of the present
extraction using the developed apparatus to 261Rf
(T
1/2 = 68 s) experiments.
Comparison of two semi-absolute methods: k0
-instrumental neutron activation analysis and fundamental parameter method X-ray
fluorescence spectrometry for Ni-based alloys
Authors: Wasim Mohammad , Ahmad Sajjad 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Nickel based alloys play important role in nuclear, mechanical and chemical industry. Two semi-absolute standardless methods,
k
0-instrumental neutron activation analysis (k
0-INAA) and fundamental parameter X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (FP-XRF) were
used for the characterization of certified nickel based alloys. The optimized experimental conditions for NAA provided results for 18
and XRF for 15 elements. Both techniques were unable to quantify some important alloy making elements. However, both reported results
of other elements as information values. The techniques were analyzed for their sensitivity and accuracy. Sensitivity was evaluated by
the number of elements determined by each technique. Accuracy was ascertained by using the linear regression analysis and the average
root mean squared error.
Porous silicon for cancer therapy: from fundamental research to the clinic
Authors: Tzur-Balter Adi , Shtenberg Giorgi , Segal Ester 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPorous silicon (PSi) has emerged over the past decade as a promising biomaterial for nanomedicine in general and cancer nanomedicine in particular. PSi offers a unique combination of properties, including large surface area and porous volume, biocompatibility, degradability
Modeling cement hydration by connecting a nucleation and growth mechanism with a diffusion mechanism. Part II: Portland cement paste hydration
Authors: Pang Xueyu , Meyer Christian 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A particle-based C3S hydration model with only three rate constants developed in Part I of this study is further developed and applied to Portland cement paste hydration. Experimental data are obtained with chemical shrinkage tests of cement pastes prepared with different water to cement (w/c) ratios (0.3–0.5), and cured at different temperatures (24°C–63°C) and pressures (0.69–51.7 MPa). The proposed model produces exceptionally good fits to test data. The fitted results indicate that the entire process of cement hydration can be modeled by connecting a nucleation and growth mechanism with a diffusion mechanism. Furthermore, the results reveal that the deceleration period of cement hydration may be due to the gradual transition of the rate-controlling mechanisms of different particles. The fitted rate constants generally follow basic chemical kinetics laws in terms of their dependencies on curing temperature and pressure, and appear to be largely independent of w/c ratio.
Effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn-0.7Cu lead-free solder with the addition of a small amount of magnesium
Authors: Huang Her-Yueh , Yang Chung-Wei , Peng Yu-Chang 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The influence of a small amount of magnesium (only 0.01 wt.%) added to the Sn-0.7Cu solder alloy during the aging process of microstructural evolution is studied along with the mechanical properties of the alloy. The experimental results indicate that the addition of magnesium decreases the tensile strength of the solders but improves their elongation. The solidification structure of eutectic Sn-0.7Cu consists of β-Sn, and the eutectic structure, which has extremely fine intermetallic nodules, Cu6Sn5, is located in the interdendritic region. When the magnesium is added to the Sn-0.7Cu alloy, the Sn dendrites become slightly coarser; in comparison, the melting point of the Sn-0.7Cu-0.01Mg alloy decreased by 2°C for the differential scanning calorimetry results of bulk alloy samples. Sn-0.7Cu-0.01Mg exhibits the lowest contact angles and the widest spreading areas. After aging, the Sn-0.7Cu and Sn-0.7Cu-0.01Mg solders show significant changes in strength, mainly because of the obvious increase in the thickness of the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic layer.
Inclined Magnetic Field Effect in Stratified Stagnation Point Flow Over an Inclined Cylinder
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Farooq Muhammad , Alsaedi Ahmad 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The present work addresses the double stratified mixed convection stagnation point flow induced by an impermeable inclined stretching cylinder. The fluid is electrically conducting in the presence of an inclined magnetic field. Viscous dissipation is considered. Temperature and concentration at and away from the boundary are assumed variable. Series solutions of momentum, energy, and concentration equations are computed. The characteristics of various physical parameters on the distributions of velocity, temperature, and concentration are analyzed graphically. Behaviours of skin friction coefficient, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are discussed numerically. Comparison of the skin friciton coefficient is also examined in the limiting case.
Synthesis, biological activity and modeling study of some thiopyrimidine derivatives and their platinum(II) and ruthenium(III) metal complexes
Authors: Al-Masoudi Najim A. , Abbas Azhar , Al-Asadi Mohammed J.B. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A new series of 6-amino-5-(aryldiazenyl)-N
1,N
3-dimethyl-2-thioxo-pyrimidin-4-one derivatives 17–27 and the N
1-methyl-azothiopyrimidine analog 28 were synthesized from the pyrimidine derivatives 4 and 5, respectively, via diazotization reaction, with various amines. The platinum(II) metal complexes [bis(4-amino-N
3-methyl-6-oxo-2-thioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl)]Pt(II) (29) and [(6-amino-5-(4-R-phenyl)diazenyl)-N
1
,N
3-dimethyl-2-thioxo-pyrimidin-4-one)]Pt(II)Cl2 derivatives 30–33 were prepared from the treatment of 5 and the azo analogs 17 and 21–23 with PtCl2, respectively. Analogously, 5 and 17 were treated with RuCl3·3H2O to give the Ru(III) complexes 34 and 35, respectively. The newly synthesized compounds were assayed against HIV-1 and HIV-2 in MT-4 cells. The results revealed that 26 and 30 were the only compounds in the series inhibiting HIV replication in cell cultures with an IC50 value of >2.07 and >3.02 μg mL–1, respectively. The molecular modeling interactions of 26 with some amino acids of HIV reverse transcriptase were studied. In addition, the antibacterial activity of 17–35 and 31–33 against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was evaluated.
Childhood Vaccination Coverage Rates Among Military Dependents in the United States
Authors: Dunn Angela C. , Black Carla L. , Arnold John , Brodine Stephanie , Waalen Jill , Binkin Nancy 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The Military Health System provides universal coverage of all recommended childhood vaccinations. Few studies have examined the effect that being insured by the Military Health System has on childhood vaccination coverage. The purpose of this study was to compare the coverage of the universally recommended vaccines among military dependents versus other insured and uninsured children using a nationwide sample of children.METHODS:The National Immunization Survey is a multistage, random-digit dialing survey designed to measure vaccination coverage estimates of US children aged 19 to 35 months old. Data from 2007 through 2012 were combined to permit comparison of vaccination coverage among military dependent and all other children.RESULTS:Among military dependents, 28.0% of children aged 19 to 35 months were not up to date on the 4:3:1:3:3:1 vaccination series excluding Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine compared with 21.1% of all other children (odds ratio: 1.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.2–1.6). After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, compared with all other US children, military dependent children were more likely to be incompletely vaccinated (odds ratio: 1.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–1.5).CONCLUSIONS:Lower vaccination coverage rates among US military dependent children might be due to this population being highly mobile. However, the lack of a military-wide childhood immunization registry and incomplete documentation of vaccinations could contribute to the lower vaccination coverage rates seen in this study. These results suggest the need for further investigation to evaluate vaccination coverage of children with complete ascertainment of vaccination history, and if lower immunization rates are verified, assessment of reasons for lower vaccination coverage rates among military dependent children.
Parenting Skills and Emotional Availability: An RCT
Authors: Yousafzai Aisha K. , Rasheed Muneera A. , Rizvi Arjumand , Armstrong Robert , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate whether a responsive stimulation intervention delivered to caregivers of young children either alone or integrated with nutrition interventions would benefit parenting skills and emotional availability to promote children’s development and growth compared with either a nutrition intervention alone or the usual standard of care.

METHODS:
A cluster randomized factorial effectiveness trial was implemented in an impoverished community in Pakistan. The 4 trial arms were control (usual standard of care), responsive stimulation (responsive care and stimulation), enhanced nutrition (education and multiple micronutrients), and a combination of both enriched interventions. The 4 intervention packages were delivered by community health workers to 1489 mother–infant dyads in the first 2 years of life. Parenting skills and emotional availability indexed by mother–child interaction, caregiving environment, knowledge and practices pertaining to early childhood care and feeding, and maternal depressive symptoms were assessed at multiple intervals. An intention-to-treat factorial analysis was conducted.

RESULTS:
Intervention groups were comparable at baseline. Responsive stimulation significantly benefitted parenting skills with large effect sizes on mother–child interaction (Cohen’s d 0.8), caregiving environment (Cohen’s d 0.9–1.0), and knowledge and practices (Cohen’s d 0.7–1.1) compared with small-modest significant effects as a result of nutrition intervention on mother–child interaction and caregiving environment only (Cohen’s d 0.4 and 0.2, respectively). The combined intervention had a small significant effect on decreasing maternal depressive symptoms over time (Cohen’s d 0–0.2).

CONCLUSIONS:
A responsive stimulation intervention can promote positive caregiving behaviors among impoverished families. Additional research is needed on interventions to reduce maternal depressive symptoms.
Prescription Opioid Epidemic and Infant Outcomes
Authors: Patrick Stephen W. , Dudley Judith , Martin Peter R. , Harrell Frank E. , Warren Michael D. , Hartmann Katherine E. , Ely E. Wesley , Grijalva Carlos G. , Cooper William O. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Although opioid pain relievers are commonly prescribed in pregnancy, their association with neonatal outcomes is poorly described. Our objectives were to identify neonatal complications associated with antenatal opioid pain reliever exposure and to establish predictors of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).METHODS:We used prescription and administrative data linked to vital statistics for mothers and infants enrolled in the Tennessee Medicaid program between 2009 and 2011. A random sample of NAS cases was validated by medical record review. The association of antenatal exposures with NAS was evaluated by using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for maternal and infant characteristics.RESULTS:Of 112 029 pregnant women, 31 354 (28%) filled ≥1 opioid prescription. Women prescribed opioid pain relievers were more likely than those not prescribed opioids (P &lt; .001) to have depression (5.3% vs 2.7%), anxiety disorder (4.3% vs 1.6%) and to smoke tobacco (41.8% vs 25.8%). Infants with NAS and opioid-exposed infants were more likely than unexposed infants to be born at a low birth weight (21.2% vs 11.8% vs 9.9%; P &lt; .001). In a multivariable model, higher cumulative opioid exposure for short-acting preparations (P &lt; .001), opioid type (P &lt; .001), number of daily cigarettes smoked (P &lt; .001), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use (odds ratio: 2.08 [95% confidence interval: 1.67–2.60]) were associated with greater risk of developing NAS.CONCLUSIONS:Prescription opioid use in pregnancy is common and strongly associated with neonatal complications. Antenatal cumulative prescription opioid exposure, opioid type, tobacco use, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use increase the risk of NAS.
New records of seven species of pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) from the northern Argentina
Authors: Torres Victor Manuel , Pardo Paolo Luciano , González-Reyes Andrea Ximena , Rodriguez-Artigas Sandra Mónica , Corronca Jose Antonio 
Published: April 2015

We report new records of pholcid species for northern Argentina. Guaranita yaculica Huber, 2000 and Mesabolivar uruguayensis Machado Laborda, Simó & Brescovit, 2013 are reported for the first time for Corrientes province, whereas Aymaria calilegua Huber, 2000 and Nerudia atacama Huber, 2000 are for the first time reported for Salta province. The last corresponds to a new record for Argentina. We also expand the known distribution of Guaranita goloboffi Huber, 2000, Chibchea salta Huber, 2000, and Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775) for Salta province.
"L’Amant" ou o corpo criptográfico
Authors: Mourão Cleonice Paes Barreto 
Published: April 2015

Considerando L'Amant como a pré-história da escrita de Marguerite Duras, selecionamos e analisamos certos dados autobiográficos que explicam o fazer artístico de sua obra ficcional: a figura materna, a experiência do erotismo e o tempo vivido. Ayant consideré L'Amant en tant que pré-histoire de l'éscriture de Marguerite Duras, nous y avons selectionné et analysé quelques données autobiographiques qui élucident la labeur artistique de son oeuvre fictionelle: la présence maternelle, l'expérience de l'érotisme et le temps vécu.
Bernard de Clairvaux: du prêche à la Croisade au baiser mystique
Authors: Saouma Brigitte 
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Bernardo de Claraval, na sua pregação incitando à Cruzada, dirige-se à cavalaria do Templo. Embora os cavaleiros do Templo sejam também considerados como monges, os termos utilizados nessa pregação são diferentes daqueles destinados aos monges. Os argumentos dessa pregação destinam-se a convencer os soldados a se engajarem numa guerra justa e santa. O comentário dos textos da Sagrada Escritura é aí muito restrito, embora seja preponderante na pregação aos monges. Nas duas séries de textos, a inspiração de Bernardo se manifesta, não somente em função de sua intenção, mas também em função de seu auditório.Palavras-chave: Bernardo de Claraval; pregação; Cruzada; Templo.Résumé: Bernard de Clairvaux, dans sa prédication à la croisade, s'est adressé à la chevalerie du Temple. Bien que ces chevaliers soient aussi considérés comme des moines, les termes de cette prédication sont différents de ceux des moines. Elle contient des arguments destinés à convaincre des soldats de s'engager dans une guerre juste et sainte. Le commentaire des textes scripturaires y est très restreint, alors qu'il tient une place prépondérante dans la prédication aux moines. Dans les deux séries de textes, l'inspiration de Bernard se manifeste, non seulement en fonction de son intention, mais aussi en fonction de son auditoire.Mots-clés: Bernard de Clairvaux ; prédication; croisade; Temple.Keywords: Bernard de Clairvaux; predication; crusade; Temple.