bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood, Sweat, and Tears: Implications for Hydration Testing in Combat Sports—Investigating Body Mass Loss and Biomarker Changes
Authors: Doherty Colin S. , Fortington Lauren V. , Barley Oliver R. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTCombat sports athletes often undergo rapid body mass loss (BML), which presents health risks. Hydration testing has been proposed as a possible solution to reduce or eliminate rapid BML. However, combat sports athletes may exhibit distinct physiological characteristics due to repeated exposure to BML. Thus, traditional and emerging hydration biomarkers should be investigated to determine their potential suitability for field use in this cohort. This study examined whether BML can explain changes in serum and urine osmolality (SosmΔ, UosmΔ), tear osmolarity (TosmΔ), hematocrit (HctΔ), and urine‐specific gravity (USGΔ) after mild–moderate passive dehydration. Biomarker reliability was also assessed across two trials. Fifteen male and female combat sports athletes (age: 26.3 ± 5.3 years, body mass: 67.7 ± 9.9 kg) underwent a sauna protocol twice (5–28 days apart) aiming for 4% BML. The average BML in Trials 1 and 2 was 3.0 ± 0.7%. Regression analysis revealed that BML explained HctΔ (R2 = 0.22, p = 0.009) but not SosmΔ (R2 = 0.11, p = 0.079) or other biomarkers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were significant for all biomarkers except TosmΔ (ICC = 0.06, p = 0.37) and post‐Tosm (ICC = 0.04, p = 0.42); post‐Hct performed best (ICC = 0.82, p < 0.001). Contingency tables with post‐Sosm (295 mOsm/kg) and post‐USG (1.020) cutoffs revealed an 80% true negative rate (TNR) and a 62% true positive rate (TPR). Increasing the Sosm cutoff to 301 mOsm/kg decreased the TNR to 52% but increased the TPR to 83%. Although blood parameters were most sensitive to BML, they could only explain 11%–22% of biomarker variation. The typical USG cutoff misclassified 42% of athletes postdehydration, and reliability was generally poor‐moderate. Alternative strategies should be pursued to manage rapid BML in combat sports.
Digital twins and deep maps
Authors: Kitchin Rob , Dawkins Oliver 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMapping is now thoroughly digital at all stages of production and maps are widely used in digital form. This digital turn has transformed the nature of mapping and maps. Maps need no longer be static representations, but rather constitute spatial media, providing an interactive, dynamic means for creating, discussing, and sharing spatial information and mediating spatial practices. This has included the development of 3D mapping, including nascent digital twins and digital deep maps. In this short paper, we reflect on our attempts to produce a 3D city information model for Dublin that acts as a basic digital twin, which we have also used to explore deep mapping, as well as map projecting data onto a printed 3D map model of the city. We consider what digital twins and deep maps mean for how we understand the nature of mapping, arguing that they produce a dyadic intertwining of map and territory; a literal, material expression of post‐representational, ontogenetic conceptions of mapping.
Lymphaticovenous anastomosis of the caudal thoracic duct to the azygous vein: A feline cadaver study
Authors: Davies Gillian F. , Hardie Robert J. , Wild Jessica L. , Loeber Samantha J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe a technique for anastomosis of the thoracic duct (TD) to the azygos vein (AV) using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC) device in feline cadavers. Our hypothesis was that a TD‐AV lymphaticovenous anastomosis would be feasible in feline cadavers.Study designCadaveric study.AnimalsEight domestic shorthair feline cadavers.MethodsA left paracostal laparotomy and 9th or 10th intercostal thoracotomy was performed. Contrast media was injected into a mesenteric lymph node and lymphography was used to identify the TD and its branches. The TD and AV were isolated, ligated, and divided with the aid of a surgical microscope. The TD and AV were anastomosed end‐to‐end using a 1.5 or 2.0 mm MAC. Intraoperative patency was assessed by manipulation of chyle and venous blood across the anastomosis. Mesenteric lymphography was repeated to confirm postoperative anastomotic patency.ResultsThe TD was identified via lymphography in seven of eight cats. The anastomosis was successful and patency was confirmed via intraoperative assessment and postoperative lymphography in all cats. The median (range) duration for the dissection and anastomosis portions of the procedure was 122 (80–150) min.ConclusionEnd‐to‐end anastomosis of the TD to the AV using a MAC was feasible in the feline cadaver without major intraoperative technical challenges.Clinical significanceAnastomosis of the TD and AV may have application as an alternative treatment for idiopathic chylothorax in cats. By directly connecting the abdominal lymphatics to the central venous system, the stimulus for collateral vessel development around the site of TD ligation may be minimized, which may prevent leakage of chyle through the more cranial lymphatics.
LCN2 regulates the gut microbiota and metabolic profile in mice infected with
Mycobacterium bovis
Authors: Huang Quntao , Xing Junhong , Li Guoli , Liu Mengting , Gao Mengtian , Wang Jingwen , Tang Fang , Ren Jianluan , Zhao Chengzhu , Wang Xinru , Zhou Xinyu , Luo Haodong , Yu Youli , Zeng Dexin , Dai Jianjun , Xue Feng 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Infection with
Mycobacterium bovis
precipitates a spectrum of pathologies in bovines, notably necrotic pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis, impinging upon the health and nutritional assimilation of these animals. A pivotal factor, lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), is responsive to microbial invasion, inflammatory processes, and tissue damage, the extent of which Lcn2 modulates the gut environment, however, remains unclear in response to
M. bovis
-induced alterations. To explore the role of Lcn2 in shaping the gut milieu of mice during a 5-week period post
-M. bovis
infection, Lcn2 knockout Lcn2
−/−
mice were scrutinized for changes in the gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles. Results showed that Lcn2
−/−
mice infected with
M. bovis
exhibited notable shifts in the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of gut microbiota, alongside significant disparities in α and β diversity. Concomitantly, a marked increase was observed during the 5-week period in the abundance of Akkermansia, Oscillospira, and Bacteroides, coupled with a substantial decrease in Ruminococcus within the microbiome of Lcn2 knockout mice. Notably,
Akkermansia muciniphila
was significantly enriched in the gut flora of Lcn2
−/−
mice. Furthermore, the absence of Lcn2 significantly altered the gut metabolomic landscape, evidenced by elevated levels of metabolites such as taurodeoxycholic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, azelaic acid, and dodecanedioic acid in Lcn2
−/−
mice. Our findings demonstrated that the lack of Lcn2 in the context of
M. bovis
infection profoundly affected the regulation of gut microbiota and metabolomic components, culminating in a transformed gut environment. Our results revealed that Lcn2 may regulate gut microbiota and metabolome components, changing the intestinal environment, thereby affecting the infection status of
M. bovis
.

IMPORTANCE

Our study addresses the critical knowledge gap regarding the specific influence of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in the context of
Mycobacterium bovis
infection, particularly focusing on its role in the gut environment. Utilizing LCN2 knockout (Lcn2
−/−
) mice, we meticulously assessed changes in the gut microbiota and metabolic components following
M. bovis
infection. Our findings reveal alterations in the gut microbial community, emphasizing the potentially crucial role of LCN2 in maintaining stability. Furthermore, we observed significant shifts in specific microbial communities, including the enrichment of
Akkermansia muciniphila
, known for its positive impact on intestinal health and immune regulation. The implications of our study extend beyond understanding the dynamics of the gut microbiome, offering insights into the potential therapeutic strategies for gut-related health conditions and microbial dysbiosis.
Supplemental Material: Sedimentary signatures of large earthquakes along the submerged Enriquillo–Plantain Garden transpressional plate boundary, northern Caribbean
Authors: McHugh Cecilia M. , al. et 
Published: July 2024

<p>Figure S1: Event deposits correlations Navassa and Matley Basins. Figure S2: Event deposits correlations Kingston and Jamaica E Basins. Figure S3: Core Log GCPE22-17-02. Figure S4: Facies descriptions. Table S1: Age calibrations. </p>
Prognostic value of cranial ultrasound findings in infants aged <90 days with bacterial meningitis: a single-centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Lili , Zhang Rui , Tang Zezhong , Hou Xinlin 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundBacterial meningitis (BM) poses a serious threat to infant health. We assessed cranial ultrasound (CUS) changes in infants with BM as possible predictors of the neurological sequelae of BM.MethodsWe retrospectively assigned 132 infants diagnosed with BM from 2007 to 2021. Neuroimaging characteristics and cerebral blood flow (CBF) profiles identified using CUS were analysed and compared between the groups during the acute and postacute phases of BM.ResultsOverall, 102 infants with CUS and outcome data were recruited. 37/102 (36.3%) infants with neurological developmental impairments comprised the group with sequelae. Abnormal CUS findings increased the risk of sequelae during the postacute phase compared with the acute phase of BM. Prolonged white matter hyperechogenicity was an independent risk factor for sequelae. The CBF profiles of the group with sequelae showed that anterior cerebral artery resistance and pulsatility indices decreased during the acute phase, whereas the mean flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery significantly increased during the postacute phase. Changes in the CBF profiles did not significantly differ in the group without sequelae.ConclusionsSerial CUS can facilitate the prognostic assessment of infants aged <90 days with BM. Prolonged white matter hyperechogenicity, brain volume loss and cerebral perfusion disorders contribute to the risk of sequelae.
Characterising applied forces during positive pressure ventilation: a randomised cross-over simulation study
Authors: Hannan Jacqueline , Weiner Gary , Stirling Leia 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo characterise applied force on the face and head during simulated mask ventilation with varying mask, device and expertise level.DesignRandomised cross-over simulation study.SettingA quiet, empty room in the children’s hospital.ParticipantsNeonatal healthcare providers, categorised as novices and experts in positive pressure ventilation (PPV).InterventionsPPV for 2 min each in a 2×2 within-subjects design with two masks (round and anatomic) and two ventilation devices (T-piece and self-inflating bag (SIB)).Main outcome measuresApplied force (Newton (N)) measured under the head and at four locations on the manikin’s face (nasal bridge, mentum, left and right zygomatic arches) and symmetry of force applied around the mask rim.ResultsFor the 51 participants, force applied to the head was greater with the SIB than the T-piece (mean (SD): 16.03 (6.96) N vs 14.31 (5.16) N) and greater with the anatomic mask than the round mask (mean (SD): 16.07 (6.80) N vs 14.26 (5.35) N). Underhead force decreased over the duration of PPV for all conditions. Force measured on the face was greatest at the left zygomatic arch (median (IQR): 0.97 (0.70–1.43) N) and least at the mentum (median (IQR): 0.44 (0.28–0.61) N). Overall, experts applied more equal force around the mask rim compared with novices (median (IQR): 0.46 (0.26–0.79) N vs 0.65 (0.24–1.18) N, p<0.001).ConclusionWe characterised an initial dataset of applied forces on the face and head during simulated PPV and described differences in force when considering mask type, device type and expertise.
Prior traumatic brain injury is a risk factor for in-hospital mortality in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a TRACK-TBI cohort study
Authors: Yue John K , Etemad Leila L , Elguindy Mahmoud M , van Essen Thomas A , Belton Patrick J , Nelson Lindsay D , McCrea Michael A , Vreeburg Rick J G , Gotthardt Christine J , Tracey Joye X , Coskun Bukre C , Krishnan Nishanth , Halabi Cathra , Eagle Shawn R , Korley Frederick K , Robertson Claudia S , Duhaime Ann-Christine , Satris Gabriela G , Tarapore Phiroz E , Huang Michael C , Madhok Debbie Y , Giacino Joseph T , Mukherjee Pratik , Yuh Esther L , Valadka Alex B , Puccio Ava M , Okonkwo David O , Sun Xiaoying , Jain Sonia , Manley Geoffrey T , DiGiorgio Anthony M 
Published: July 2024

Objectives
An estimated 14–23% of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) incur multiple lifetime TBIs. The relationship between prior TBI and outcomes in patients with moderate to severe TBI (msTBI) is not well delineated. We examined the associations between prior TBI, in-hospital mortality, and outcomes up to 12 months after injury in a prospective US msTBI cohort.

Methods
Data from hospitalized subjects with Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3–12 were extracted from the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Study (enrollment period: 2014–2019). Prior TBI with amnesia or alteration of consciousness was assessed using the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method. Competing risk regressions adjusting for age, sex, psychiatric history, cranial injury and extracranial injury severity examined the associations between prior TBI and in-hospital mortality, with hospital discharged alive as the competing risk. Adjusted HRs (aHR (95% CI)) were reported. Multivariable logistic regressions assessed the associations between prior TBI, mortality, and unfavorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended score 1–3 (vs. 4–8)) at 3, 6, and 12 months after injury.

Results
Of 405 acute msTBI subjects, 21.5% had prior TBI, which was associated with male sex (87.4% vs. 77.0%, p=0.037) and psychiatric history (34.5% vs. 20.7%, p=0.010). In-hospital mortality was 10.1% (prior TBI: 17.2%, no prior TBI: 8.2%, p=0.025). Competing risk regressions indicated that prior TBI was associated with likelihood of in-hospital mortality (aHR=2.06 (1.01–4.22)), but not with hospital discharged alive. Prior TBI was not associated with mortality or unfavorable outcomes at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Conclusions
After acute msTBI, prior TBI history is independently associated with in-hospital mortality but not with mortality or unfavorable outcomes within 12 months after injury. This selective association underscores the importance of collecting standardized prior TBI history data early after acute hospitalization to inform risk stratification. Prospective validation studies are needed.

Level of evidence
IV.

Trial registration number

NCT02119182
.
Fatigue and Sleepiness in Multiple Sclerosis and Their Response to Short‐Term Treatment With Modafinil
Authors: Roswalld Thomsen Ann-Katrine , Otto Marit , Petersen Thor , Svendsen Kristina Bacher 
Published: July 2024

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) often experience significant fatigue. Simultaneously, previous studies show that pwMS frequently suffer from sleepiness and sleep problems. We aimed to contribute to the understanding of correlations between sleep and sleepiness/fatigue in pwMS to better identify responders to the wake‐inducing drug, modafinil.Methods: This open‐label, two‐centre study included 26 pwMS suffering from daytime tiredness. Sleepiness, fatigue, and sleep were evaluated by questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Modified Fatigue Impact Scale [MFIS]/Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory [MFI‐20], and Pittsburgh), daily sleep diary, and a wrist‐worn actigraph before and after 3‐week modafinil treatment.Results: One‐third of the pwMS fulfilled the criteria of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS, defined as ESS ≥ 10). Eighty‐two percent (MFIS) of the patients were fatigued, and a high proportion (96%) of the pwMS were poor sleepers. Sleepiness (ESS) was inverse correlated to the subjective sleep quality. Actigraph data did not relate to subjective sleep, but total sleep time (TST) and higher sleep efficacy (SE) estimated by actigraph were positively correlated to the degree of fatigue. Modafinil had a positive effect on EDS.Discussion: In the present study, we found that the tired multiple sclerosis (MS) patient may suffer from both EDS and fatigue. We found an inverse correlation between EDS and subjective sleep quality. On the contrary, fatigue was positively correlated with longer TST and higher SE, estimated by actigraph. Sleepiness and fatigue did not correlate, and thus, it is highly relevant to distinguish these two symptoms. Modafinil only showed an effect on fatigue when the patient also suffered from EDS, which could suggest that ESS is a possible screening tool for responders to modafinil treatment.Conclusion: Sleepiness and fatigue do not seem to correlate in pwMS, and we recommend screening tools for sleepiness as well as sleep quality before initiating modafinil treatment to identify potential responders to the treatment.
Spatial Transcriptome Mapping of the Desmoplastic Growth Pattern of Colorectal Liver Metastases by In Situ Sequencing Reveals a Biologically Relevant Zonation of the Desmoplastic Rim
Authors: Andersson Axel , Escriva Conde Maria , Surova Olga , Vermeulen Peter , Wählby Carolina , Nilsson Mats , Nyström Hanna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
We describe the fibrotic rim formed in the desmoplastic histopathologic growth pattern (DHGP) of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CLM) using in situ sequencing (ISS). The origin of the desmoplastic rim is still a matter of debate, and the detailed cellular organization has not yet been fully elucidated. Understanding the biology of the DHGP in CLM can lead to targeted treatment and improve survival.

Experimental Design:
We used ISS, targeting 150 genes, to characterize the desmoplastic rim by unsupervised clustering of gene coexpression patterns. The cohort comprised 10 chemo-naïve liver metastasis resection samples with a DHGP.

Results:
Unsupervised clustering of spatially mapped genes revealed molecular and cellular diversity within the desmoplastic rim. We confirmed the presence of the ductular reaction and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Importantly, we discovered angiogenesis and outer and inner zonation in the rim, characterized by nerve growth factor receptor and periostin expression.

Conclusions:
ISS enabled the analysis of the cellular organization of the fibrous rim surrounding CLM with a DHGP and suggests a transition from the outer part of the rim, with nonspecific liver injury response, into the inner part, with gene expression indicating collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix remodeling influenced by the interaction with cancer cells, creating a cancer cell–supportive environment. Moreover, we found angiogenic processes in the rim. Our results provide a potential explanation of the origin of the rim in DHGP and lead to exploring novel targeted treatments for patients with CLM to improve survival.
Identifying gaps in communication skills between pharmacy curricula and pharmacy practice
Authors: Sawicki Sean , Brandt Maravent Stacey 
Published: July 2024

Background: Students are required to complete a minimum of 150 hours, respectively, in both community and health system introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) rotations as part of a PharmD programme completion in the USA. The goal is to introduce students to medication use processes; patient and provider communication; interprofessional team dynamics, and inpatient and outpatient healthcare delivery. Context and Objective: Experiential learning environments offer pharmacy students exposure to interactions with patients, pharmacy technicians, suppliers, practitioners and insurance companies. However, an experience gap appears when graduating pharmacy students enter their careers as licenced pharmacists. This study sought to understand this gap and to provide pharmacy schools with insight so that they can better equip future pharmacists with the tools needed for successful pharmacy communication in practice. Method: A total of 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted with pharmacists ( N = 14) in various healthcare settings in Florida, USA: community pharmacy, ambulatory care, health system pharmacy and long-term care/mail order environments. Content and thematic analyses were conducted to identify themes in the data. Results: Three overarching themes were developed: staff, management and operations; communicating with healthcare providers; and counselling patients. In addition, the pharmacists offered recommendations pertaining to topics that could be included in curriculum updates. Conclusion: The themes developed from the study highlight competencies that pharmacists had to learn in the field. There are skills that pharmacists need to practise effectively in their area of pharmacy that their pharmacy schools failed to prepare them for. The analysis will be useful to pharmacy schools seeking to update their curriculum to reflect common practices in different areas of pharmacy and ultimately to better prepare their students for future careers.
Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Autistic Youth—A Longitudinal Study From the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders (POND) Network: Prédicteurs des symptômes dépressifs chez les jeunes autistes—une étude longitudinale du Réseau des troubles neurodéveloppementaux de la province de l’Ontario (réseau POND)
Authors: Longmore Avery , Anagnostou Evdokia , Georgiages Stelios , Jones Jessica , Kelley Elizabeth , Baribeau Danielle 
Published: July 2024

Objective The objective of this study was to identify longitudinal predictors of depressive symptoms in autistic children and youth. Methods Participants were youth with a diagnosis of autism who were part of the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders Network longitudinal substudy. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the child behaviour checklist (CBCL) affective problems subscale. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between clinical and demographic characteristics at baseline (T1) and clinically elevated depressive symptoms (CEDS) approximately 4 years later (T2). Results The mean age of participants ( n = 75) at T1 was 9.8 years ( SD = 2.7) and at T2 was 14.1 years ( SD = 2.8). A total of 37% and 35% of participants had CEDS at T1 and T2, respectively. Additionally, 24% of participants had CEDS at both T1 and T2. T1 characteristics associated with T2 CEDS were: loneliness (OR = 3.0, 95% CI, 1.1 to 8.8), self-harm (OR = 4.0, 95% CI, 1.1 to 16.9), suicidal ideation (OR = 3.9, 95% CI, 1.0 to 16.5), more social and adaptive skills (OR = 0.3, 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9), elevated restricted and repetitive behaviours (OR = 3.8, 95% CI, 1.3 to 11.6), psychotropic medication use (OR = 3.0, 95% CI, 1.1 to 8.4), attention-deficient/hyperactivity disorder (OR = 2.8, 95% CI, 1.1 to 7.8), and T1 CEDS (OR = 8.8, 95% CI, 3.1 to 27.0) (uncorrected for multiple comparisons). Associations persisted after adjusting for age and intelligence quotient (IQ) differences. Age, sex, IQ, teasing/bullying on the CBCL, family psychiatric history and family income were not associated with T2 CEDS. Conclusion Our results highlight both high prevalence and high potential for the persistence of depressive symptoms in autism and emphasize the importance of early support to address loneliness and social participation.