bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotrophy‐specific downregulation of siderophore biosynthesis in Colletotrichum graminicola is required for modulation of immune responses of maize
Authors: Albarouki Emad , Schafferer Lukas , Ye Fanghua , von Wirén Nicolaus , Haas Hubertus , Deising Holger B. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe hemibiotrophic maize pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola synthesizes one intracellular and three secreted siderophores. eGFP fusions with the key siderophore biosynthesis gene, SID1, encoding l‐ornithine‐N5‐monooxygenase, suggested that siderophore biosynthesis is rigorously downregulated specifically during biotrophic development. In order to investigate the role of siderophores during vegetative development and pathogenesis, SID1, which is required for synthesis of all siderophores, and the non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase gene NPS6, synthesizing secreted siderophores, were deleted. Mutant analyses revealed that siderophores are required for vegetative growth under iron‐limiting conditions, conidiation, ROS tolerance, and cell wall integrity. Δsid1 and Δnps6 mutants were hampered in formation of melanized appressoria and impaired in virulence. In agreement with biotrophy‐specific downregulation of siderophore biosynthesis, Δsid1 and Δnps6 strains were not affected in biotrophic development, but spread of necrotrophic hyphae was reduced. To address the question why siderophore biosynthesis is specifically downregulated in biotrophic hyphae, maize leaves were infiltrated with siderophores. Siderophore infiltration alone did not induce defence responses, but formation of biotrophic hyphae in siderophore‐infiltrated leaves caused dramatically increased ROS formation and transcriptional activation of genes encoding defence‐related peroxidases and PR proteins. These data suggest that fungal siderophores modulate the plant immune system.
From Four‐ to Five‐Dimensionalism
Authors: Graham Andrew 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPhilosophers have long noticed the similarity of identity over time and identity across worlds. Despite this similarity, analogous views on these matters are not always taken equally seriously. Four‐dimensionalism is one of the most well‐known accounts of identity over time. There is a clear modal analogue of four‐dimensionalism, on which objects are modally extended and their trans‐world identity is a matter of having distinct modal parts located in different possible worlds. Yet this view, which we might call ‘five‐dimensionalism,’ is rarely discussed or defended, in comparison to its temporal counterpart. I argue that five‐dimensionalism is at least as plausible as four‐dimensionalism and deserves serious consideration as an account of trans‐world identity. The strategy is to show that arguments typically used in defence of four‐dimensionalism can be adapted to defend five‐dimensionalism as well. A powerful consideration in favour of four‐dimensionalism is the fact that it provides an elegant and unified solution to a variety of puzzles concerning material coincidence. I show that such puzzles come in equally troubling modal varieties and that five‐dimensionalism provides an equally unified and elegant solution to them.
An analysis of the uncertainty and bias in DCE‐MRI measurements using the spoiled gradient‐recalled echo pulse sequence
Authors: Subashi Ergys , Choudhury Kingshuk R. , Johnson G. Allan 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:The pharmacokinetic parameters derived from dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI have been used in more than 100 phase I trials and investigator led studies. A comparison of the absolute values of these quantities requires an estimation of their respective probability distribution function (PDF). The statistical variation of the DCE‐MRI measurement is analyzed by considering the fundamental sources of error in the MR signal intensity acquired with the spoiled gradient‐echo (SPGR) pulse sequence.Methods:The variance in the SPGR signal intensity arises from quadrature detection and excitation flip angle inconsistency. The noise power was measured in 11 phantoms of contrast agent concentration in the range [0–1] mM (in steps of 0.1 mM) and in onein vivo acquisition of a tumor‐bearing mouse. The distribution of the flip angle was determined in a uniform 10 mM CuSO4 phantom using the spin echo double angle method. The PDF of a wide range of T1 values measured with the varying flip angle (VFA) technique was estimated through numerical simulations of the SPGR equation. The resultant uncertainty in contrast agent concentration was incorporated in the most common model of tracer exchange kinetics and the PDF of the derived pharmacokinetic parameters was studied numerically.Results:The VFA method is an unbiased technique for measuringT1 only in the absence of bias in excitation flip angle. The time‐dependent concentration of the contrast agent measured in vivo is within the theoretically predicted uncertainty. The uncertainty in measuring Ktrans with SPGR pulse sequences is of the same order, but always higher than, the uncertainty in measuring the pre‐injection longitudinal relaxation time (T10). The lowest achievable bias/uncertainty in estimating this parameter is approximately 20%–70% higher than the bias/uncertainty in the measurement of the pre‐injection T1 map. The fractional volume parameters derived from the extended Tofts model were found to be extremely sensitive to the variance in signal intensity. The SNR of the pre‐injection T1 map indicates the limiting precision with which Ktrans can be calculated.Conclusions:Current small‐animal imaging systems and pulse sequences robust to motion artifacts have the capacity for reproducible quantitative acquisitions with DCE‐MRI. In these circumstances, it is feasible to achieve a level of precision limited only by physiologic variability.
Time–Motion Analysis and Physiological Responses to Karate Official Combat Sessions: Is There a Difference Between Winners and Defeated Karatekas?
Authors: Chaabène Helmi , Franchini Emerson , Miarka Bianca , Selmi Mohamed Amin , Mkaouer Bessem , Chamari Karim 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:The aim of this study was to measure and compare physiological and time–motion variables during karate fighting and to assess eventual differences between winners and defeated elite karatekas in an ecologically valid environment.Methods:Fourteen elite male karatekas who regularly participated in national and international events took part in a national-level competition.Results:There were no significant differences between winners and defeated karatekas regarding all the studied variables. Karatekas used more upper-limb (76.19%) than lower-limb techniques (23.80%). Thekisami-zukirepresented the most frequent technique, with 29.1% of all used techniques. The duration of each fighting activity ranged from <1 s to 5 s, with 83.8% ± 12.0% of the actions lasting less than 2 s. Karatekas executed 17 ± 7 high-intensity actions per fight, which corresponded to ~6 high-intensity actions per min. Action-to-rest ratio was about 1:1.5, and high-intensityaction- to-rest ratio was ~1:10. The mean blood lactate response at 3 min postcombat (Lapost) elicited during karate fighting was 11.18 ± 2.21 mmol/L (difference between Lapreand Lapost= 10.01 ± 1.81 mmol/L). Mean heart rate (HR) was 177 ± 14 beats/min (91% ± 5% of HRpeak). Karatekas spent 65% of the time exercising at HR >90% of the individual HRpeak.Conclusion:Karatekas predominantly use upper-limb karate techniques. Karate’s nature is intermittent, with fighting activities representing ~6% of total combat’s duration and ~84% of actions lasting less than 2 s, with ~21-s mean time interval in between. Kumite combat sessions induced high La and near-maximal cardiovascular strain. Other key success factors should be investigated to properly discriminate winners and defeated athletes.
Recovery From Repeated On-Court Tennis Sessions: Combining Cold-Water Immersion, Compression, and Sleep Interventions
Authors: Duffield Rob , Murphy Alistair , Kellett Aaron , Reid Machar 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:To investigate the effects of combining cold-water immersion (CWI), full-body compression garments (CG), and sleep-hygiene recommendations on physical, physiological, and perceptual recovery after 2-a-day on-court training and match-play sessions.Methods:In a crossover design, 8 highly trained tennis players completed 2 sessions of on-court tennis-drill training and match play, followed by a recovery or control condition. Recovery interventions included a mixture of 15 min CWI, 3 h of wearing full-body CG, and following sleep-hygiene recommendations that night, while the control condition involved postsession stretching and no regulation of sleeping patterns. Technical performance (stroke and error rates), physical performance (accelerometry, countermovement jump [CMJ]), physiological (heart rate, blood lactate), and perceptual (mood, exertion, and soreness) measures were recorded from each on-court session, along with sleep quantity each night.Results:While stroke and error rates did not differ in the drill session (P > .05, d < 0.20), large effects were evident for increased time in play and stroke rate in match play after the recovery interventions (P > .05, d > 0.90). Although accelerometry values did not differ between conditions (P > .05, d < 0.20), CMJ tended to be improved before match play with recovery (P > .05, d = 0.90). Furthermore, CWI and CG resulted in faster postsession reductions in heart rate and lactate and reduced perceived soreness (P > .05, d > 1.00). In addition, sleep-hygiene recommendations increased sleep quantity (P > .05, d > 2.00) and maintained lower perceived soreness and fatigue (P < .05, d > 2.00).Conclusions:Mixed-method recovery interventions (CWI and CG) used after tennis sessions increased ensuing time in play and lower-body power and reduced perceived soreness. Furthermore, sleep-hygiene recommendations helped reduce perceived soreness.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Gallinarum Biovar Pullorum Strain FCAV198, a Brazilian Chicken Pathogen
Authors: Batista Diego F. A. , Freitas Neto Oliveiro C. , Leite Laura R. , Varani Alessandro M. , Araujo Flavio M. G. , Salim Anna , Almeida Adriana M. , Ribeiro Simone A. M. , Oliveira Guilherme C. , Barrow Paul A. , Berchieri Junior Angelo 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum is a bird-restricted pathogen which causes pullorum disease. The strain FCAV198 was isolated from a pool of chicken ovaries in Brazil, and its genome may be helpful for studies involving molecular mechanisms related to pathogenesis and other related applications.
Draft Genome Sequence of Arcobacter cibarius Strain LMG21996
T
, Isolated from Broiler Carcasses
Authors: Adam Zaky , Whiteduck-Leveillee Kerri , Cloutier Michel , Chen Wen , Lewis Christopher T. , Lévesque C. André , Topp Edward , Lapen David R. , Tambong James T. , Talbot Guylaine , Khan Izhar U. H. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of
Arcobacter cibarius
strain LMG21996
T
, isolated from chicken carcasses, is reported here. The draft genome consists of 2.2 Mbp, with a 27.12% G+C content. A total of 2,179 protein-coding genes, 46 tRNA genes, and 15 rRNAs have been identified and annotated.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Haloacid-Degrading Burkholderia caribensis Strain MBA4
Authors: Pan Yanling , Kong Ka Fai , Tsang Jimmy S. H. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia caribensis
MBA4 was isolated from soil for its ability to utilize 2-haloacid. An inducible haloacid operon, encoding a dehalogenase and a permease, is mainly responsible for the biotransformation. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain.
Draft Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strain MMC4, Isolated from a Patient in Tennessee
Authors: Mandape Sammed N. , Marshall Dana R. , Dent L. Leon , Pratap Siddharth 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii
multidrug-resistant strain MMC4 was isolated from a bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sample from a patient in Nashville, TN, USA. Here, we report a draft genome sequence with a size of 3,985,367 bp, an average G+C content of 39.8%, and 3,863 predicted protein-coding sequences.
Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Strain LCT-SA67, a Space Flight Strain with Altered Carbon Source Utilization Properties
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Li Yinhu , Guo Jun , Zhang Xuelin , Guo Yinghua , Chang De , Li Tianzhi , Xu Guogang , Dai Wenkui , Liu Changting 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

An increasing number of studies have confirmed that space flight environments can have a significant effect on a variety of microbial properties. To explore the effect of these environments on
Staphylococcus aureus
, we present the draft genome sequence of an
S. aureus
strain, named LCT-SA67, which was isolated after space flight.
Draft Genome Sequence of Highly Nematicidal Bacillus thuringiensis DB27
Authors: Iatsenko Igor , Corton Craig , Pickard Derek J. , Dougan Gordon , Sommer Ralf J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the genome sequence of nematicidal
Bacillus thuringiensis
DB27, which provides first insights into the genetic determinants of its pathogenicity to nematodes. The genome consists of a 5.7-Mb chromosome and seven plasmids, three of which contain genes encoding nematicidal proteins.
Genome Sequence of Enterococcus faecium Strain LCT-EF297, Which Has Specific Biochemical Features
Authors: An Li , Li Yinhu , Chen Zhenhong , Chang De , Zhang Xuelin , Guo Yinghua , Wang Junfeng , Li Tianzhi , Dai Wenkui , Liu Changting 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

An
Enterococcus faecium
strain was sent into space on the Shenzhou-VIII craft. After space flight, the strain
E. faecium
LCT-EF297 was selected based on its metabolic properties.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain STH2370
Authors: Valenzuela Camila , Ugalde Juan A. , Mora Guido C. , Álvarez Sergio , Contreras Inés , Santiviago Carlos A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi strain STH2370, isolated from a typhoid fever patient in Santiago, Chile. This clinical isolate has been used as the reference wild-type strain in numerous studies conducted in our laboratories during the last 15 years.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Ralstonia solanacearum P673, a Strain Capable of Infecting Tomato Plants at Low Temperatures
Authors: Bocsanczy Ana M. , Huguet-Tapia Jose C. , Norman David J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Ralstonia solanacearum
is the causal agent of bacterial wilt, one of the most destructive bacterial plant diseases. We present the whole-genome sequence of the strain P673 (phylotype IIB, sequevar 4). This strain is capable of producing disease in tomato plants at low temperatures. P673 has 311 unique genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Extreme Thermophile Dictyoglomus thermophilum H-6-12
Authors: Coil David A. , Badger Jonathan H. , Forberger Heather C. , Riggs Florenta , Madupu Ramana , Fedorova Nadia , Ward Naomi , Robb Frank T. , Eisen Jonathan A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the complete genome of the extreme thermophile,
Dictyoglomus thermophilum
H-6-12 (phylum
Dictyoglomi
), which consists of 1,959,987 bp.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus crispatus 2029
Authors: Karlyshev Andrey V. , Melnikov Vyacheslav G. , Khlebnikov Valentin C. , Abramov Vyacheslav M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

This report describes a draft genome sequence of
Lactobacillus crispatus
2029. The reads generated by the Ion Torrent PGM were assembled into contigs with a total size of 2.2 Mb. The data were annotated using the NCBI GenBank and RAST servers. A comparison with the reference strain revealed specific features of the genome.
A GIS-based spatiotemporal analysis of violent trauma hotspots in Vancouver, Canada: identification, contextualisation and intervention
Authors: Walker Blake Byron , Schuurman Nadine , Hameed S Morad 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundIn 2002, the WHO declared interpersonal violence to be a leading public health problem. Previous research demonstrates that urban spaces with a high incidence of violent trauma (hotspots) correlate with features of built environment and social determinants. However, there are few studies that analyse injury data across the axes of both space and time to characterise injury–environment relationships. This paper describes a spatiotemporal analysis of violent injuries in Vancouver, Canada, from 2001 to 2008.MethodsUsing geographic information systems, 575 violent trauma incidents were mapped and analysed using kernel density estimation to identify hotspot locations. Patterns between space, time, victim age and sex and mechanism of injury were investigated with an exploratory approach.ResultsSeveral patterns in space and time were identified and described, corresponding to distinct neighbourhood characteristics. Violent trauma hotspots were most prevalent in Vancouver's nightclub district on Friday and Saturday nights, with higher rates in the most socioeconomically deprived neighbourhoods. Victim sex, age and mechanism of injury also formed strong patterns. Three neighbourhood profiles are presented using the dual axis of space/time to describe the hotspot environments.ConclusionsThis work posits the value of exploratory spatial data analysis using geographic information systems in trauma epidemiology studies and further suggests that using both space and time concurrently to understand urban environmental correlates of injury provides a more granular or higher resolution picture of risk. We discuss implications for injury prevention and control, focusing on education, regulation, the built environment and injury surveillance.
Does neonatal pain management in intensive care units differ between night and day? An observational study
Authors: Guedj Romain , Danan Claude , Daoud Patrick , Zupan Véronique , Renolleau Sylvain , Zana Elodie , Aizenfisz Sophie , Lapillonne Alexandre , de Saint Blanquat Laure , Granier Michèle , Durand Philippe , Castela Florence , Coursol Anne , Hubert Philippe , Cimerman Patricia , Anand K J S , Khoshnood Babak , Carbajal Ricardo 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo determine whether analgesic use for painful procedures performed in neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) differs during nights and days and during each of the 6 h period of the day.DesignConducted as part of the prospective observational Epidemiology of Painful Procedures in Neonates study which was designed to collect in real time and around-the-clock bedside data on all painful or stressful procedures.Setting13 NICUs and paediatric intensive care units in the Paris Region, France.ParticipantsAll 430 neonates admitted to the participating units during a 6-week period between September 2005 and January 2006.Data collectionDuring the first 14 days of admission, data were collected on all painful procedures and analgesic therapy. The five most frequent procedures representing 38 012 of all 42 413 (90%) painful procedures were analysed.InterventionObservational study.Main outcome assessmentWe compared the use of specific analgesic for procedures performed during each of the 6 h period of a day: morning (7:00 to 12:59), afternoon, early night and late night and during daytime (morning+afternoon) and night-time (early night+late night).Results7724 of 38 012 (20.3%) painful procedures were carried out with a specific analgesic treatment. For morning, afternoon, early night and late night, respectively, the use of analgesic was 25.8%, 18.9%, 18.3% and 18%. The relative reduction of analgesia was 18.3%, p<0.01, between daytime and night-time and 28.8%, p<0.001, between morning and the rest of the day. Parental presence, nurses on 8 h shifts and written protocols for analgesia were associated with a decrease in this difference.ConclusionsThe substantial differences in the use of analgesics around-the-clock may be questioned on quality of care grounds.
Value of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assays in predicting atrial fibrillation recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yo Chia-Hung , Lee Si-Huei , Chang Shy-Shin , Lee Matthew Chien-Hung , Lee Chien-Chang 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) assays to see whether these tests are predictive of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after cardioversion.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases as well as a hand search of the reference lists in the retrieved articles from inception to December 2013.Study eligibility criteriaThis review selected observational studies in which the measurements of serum CRP were used to predict AF recurrence. An hs-CRP assay was defined as any CRP test capable of measuring serum CRP to below 0.6 mg/dL.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe summarised test performance characteristics with the use of forest plots, hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves and bivariate random effects models. Meta-regression analysis was performed to explore the source of heterogeneity.ResultsWe included nine qualifying studies comprising a total of 347 patients with AF recurrence and 335 controls. A CRP level higher than the optimal cut-off point was an independent predictor of AF recurrence after cardioversion (summary adjusted OR: 3.33; 95% CI 2.10 to 5.28). The estimated pooled sensitivity and specificity for hs-CRP was 71.0% (95% CI 63% to 78%) and 72.0% (61% to 81%), respectively. Most studies used a CRP cut-off point of 1.9 mg/L to predict long-term AF recurrence (77% sensitivity, 65% specificity), and 3 mg/L to predict short-term AF recurrence (73% sensitivity, 71% specificity).Conclusionshs-CRP assays are moderately accurate in predicting AF recurrence after successful cardioversion.
The Faroe–Shetland Basin: a regional perspective from the Paleocene to the present day and its relationship to the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Ellis David , Stoker Martyn S. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The Faroe–Shetland Basin is located offshore NW Scotland on the SE margin of the Atlantic Ocean and comprises numerous sub-basins and intra-basin highs that are host to a number of significant hydrocarbon discoveries. The principal hydrocarbon discoveries are in Paleocene–Eocene strata, although earlier strata are known, and their existence is therefore intimately linked to the opening and evolution of the North Atlantic from 54 Ma. The final rifting and separation of Greenland from Eurasia is commonly attributed to the arrival of a mantle plume which impacted beneath Greenland during early Tertiary time. Moreover, the ensuing plate separation is commonly described in terms of instantaneous unzipping of the North Atlantic, whereas in reality proto-plate boundaries were more diffuse during their inception and the linked rift system which we see today, including connections with the Arctic, was not established until Late Palaeogene–Early Neogene time. From a regional analysis of ocean basin development, including the stratigraphic record on the adjacent continental margins, the significance of the Greenland–Iceland–Faroe Ridge and the age and role of Iceland, we propose a dual rift model whereby North Atlantic break-up was only partial until the Oligo-Miocene, with true final break-up only being achieved when the Reykjanes and Kolbeinsey ridges became linked. As final break-up coincides with the appearance of Iceland, this model negates the need for a plume to develop the North Atlantic with rifting reliant on purely plate tectonic mechanisms, lithospheric thinning and variable decompressive upper mantle melt along the rifts.