bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributing factors to Koshava wind characteristics
Authors: Romanić Djordje , Ćurić Mladjen , Lompar Miloš , Jovičić Ilija 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTKoshava is a local wind usually observed in the cold part of the year over the large part of Serbia, parts of Romania, parts of Hungary, and east Croatia. The main characteristics of the Koshava wind are its high wind speed, southeasterly direction, persistence, and gustiness. This paper analyses the synoptic [Mediterranean cyclones (MCs) and Eurasian anticyclones (EAs)] as well as the mesoscale contributors to the Koshava wind. Time and spatial features of the pressure systems have been analysed using an automatic cyclone tracking scheme. The results show that the MCs and EAs that generate Koshava are approximately 1000 km away from the Koshava region. It is demonstrated that the strong anticyclones are the main trigger for the Koshava wind. Less than 3% of the Koshava winds occurred without the occurrence of either an anticyclone or a cyclone. The Synoptic Koshava Index (SKI), developed in this study and defined as the difference between the area‐averaged mean sea level pressures in the anticyclone and cyclone regions, has been shown to be a good indicator of the Koshava occurrence. Koshava has also been investigated from the perspective of the gap flow windstorm. The across‐mountain pressure difference, ΔP, is the most important mesoscale contributor to the Koshava characteristics. The across‐mountain potential temperature difference, Δθ, together with ΔP, can be successfully used to predict Koshava's occurrence. A simple (linear) probabilistic model for forecasting the Koshava mean hourly wind speed has been constructed. The results demonstrate that the occurrence of the Koshava wind can be predicted with the significantly higher accuracy than the Koshava mean hourly speed. The correlation between Koshava and winds at higher levels is small.
Development of Supramolecular Pseudo‐Block Conjugates Based on Star‐Shaped Polycation for DNA Delivery
Authors: Kong Yunna , Li Wenyu , Mao Qianying , Wang Youxiang 
Published: June 2015

Supramolecular assembly provides a new strategy for designing various gene carriers for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) delivery. In this work, supramolecular pseudo‐block conjugates based on star‐shaped polycation are developed as novel nonviral gene vector. First, cyclodextrin (CD) is selected as core and grafted with low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI1800) as arms to obtain high molecular weight star‐shaped polycation CD‐PEI8 (SCP). Then, azobenzene (Az) modified poly(ethylene glycol) is synthesized and named as azobenzene modified poly(ethylene glycol) (Az‐PEG). Subsequently, the supramolecular pseudo‐block conjugates are prepared via host–guest interaction between CD and Az. The result suggests that SCP/Az‐PEG condenses DNA into spherical nanoparticles with sizes of around 150 nm. The in vitro experiment shows that the cell viability of DNA/SCP/Az‐PEG polyplexes is significantly improved compared with that of PEI25k/DNA polyplexes. The PEGylation does not decrease the cellular uptake efficiency and transfection efficiency. Furthermore, the cellular trafficking shows that PEGylation does not significantly influence nuclear entry. The star‐shaped architecture of polycation plays an important role in gene delivery.
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Chicory, a typical vegetable in Mediterranean diet, exerts a therapeutic role in established atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice
Authors: Lin Weiqun , Liu Chaoqun , Yang Hai , Wang Wenting , Ling Wenhua , Wang Dongliang 
Published: June 2015

ScopeSince protocatechuic acid exerts an atheroprotective role, we investigated how chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum, Belgian endive) rich in protocatechuic acid, a typical vegetable in Mediterranean diet, affects preestablished atherosclerosis progression.Methods and resultsApolipoprotein E‐deficient mice fed AIN diets containing 0.5% freeze‐dried chicory for 10 weeks displayed a reduction in lesion size with a concomitant improvement in lesion stability indicated by fewer macrophages and more collagen content. Chicory consumption suppressed aortic cholesterol accumulation and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 expression, whereas it increased aortic ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) expression. Furthermore, chicory consumption improved peritoneal macrophage phenotype with less cellular cholesterol associated with an enhancement of cholesterol efflux capacity through upregulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1, less cellular oxidative stress associated with an inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, and weaker inflammatory responses associated with an inhibition of nuclear factor‐κB activation. Interestingly, ABCA1 and ABCG1 silencing tended to completely block beneficial effects of chicory in peritoneal macrophages.ConclusionChicory exerts an atheroprotective role in mice possibly by regulating lesional macrophage content and phenotype, suggesting that chicory is one underrated contributor to Mediterranean Diet‐induced atheroprotection.
Enantiospecific pharmacokinetics of isoxanthohumol and its metabolite 8‐prenylnaringenin in the rat
Authors: Martinez Stephanie E. , Davies Neal M. 
Published: June 2015

ScopeIsoxanthohumol (IX) is a bioactive dietary prenylflavanone found in hops (Humulus lupulus L.), beer and nutraceuticals. IX is formed in vivo by xanthohumol and is a prodrug of 8‐prenylnaringenin (8PN). IX and 8PN chirality has largely been ignored in the literature due to lack of enantiospecific bioanalytical methods. No single dose pharmacokinetic study of IX exists in the literature for any species. This study elucidates the enantiospecific pharmacokinetics of IX in rats and monitors the appearance of 8PN following intravenous and oral administration of ±IX.Methods and resultsAfter intravenous (10 mg/kg) or oral (100 mg/kg) administration of ±IX to rats, serum, and urine were collected for 120 h and analyzed for IX and 8PN. Both were found as aglycones and glucuronide conjugates and displayed multiple peaking in serum suggestive of enterohepatic recycling. IX is primarily excreted through nonrenal routes. S‐8PN was found excreted in the urine in greater amounts than R‐8PN. Bioavailability was determined to be ∼4–5% for IX.ConclusionFurther enantiospecific pharmacokinetics of IX, subsequent 8PN and other metabolites are warranted along with continued enantiospecific bioactivity studies, especially in relation to gut microbial metabolism of IX and subsequent formation of 8PN.
Foot Health Education for People with Rheumatoid Arthritis: '…. A Game of Chance…' – A Survey of Patients' Experiences
Authors: Graham Andrea S. , Williams Anita E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveUp to 90% of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience foot problems leading to reduced function, mobility, quality of life and social participation, and impacts on body image, but these can be improved with general foot care, orthoses, footwear and patient education. Foot health patient education is lacking, so the aim of the present study was to identify the foot health educational needs of people with RA in relation to its content, timing, mode of delivery and the perceived barriers to its provision.MethodsPeople with RA completed an online survey and provided free‐text comments for thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 249 people completed the free‐text section of the survey. Five main themes emerged: ‘Forgotten feet’; ‘Too little, too late’; ‘Lacks and gaps’; ‘I am my feet’ and ‘Game of chance’.ConclusionFoot pathology in people with RA has a bio‐psychosocial impact on their lives. Foot health and related information appears to be considered rarely within the medical consultation. Access to foot health information and services is limited owing to a lack of patient and/or health professional awareness, with a detrimental impact on the prognosis of their foot health. The importance of foot health in people with RA should be reinforced for patients and health professionals alike. Opportunities to discuss foot health within the medical consultation should be provided regularly. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immiscible polydiene blocks in linear copolymer and terpolymer sequences
Authors: Zapsas George , Moschovas Dimitrios , Ntetsikas Konstantinos , Rangou Sofia , Lee Jae‐Hwang , Thomas Edwin L. , Zafeiropoulos Nikolaos E. , Avgeropoulos Apostolos 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTSynthesis, molecular, and morphological characterization of two linear diblock copolymers consisting of two polydienes with specific geometric isomerisms and two triblock terpolymers with a combination of the same polydienes with polystyrene are investigated for both lower and very high molecular weights. This work is inspired from a previous research study which demonstrated that linear ABC terpolymers consisting of polystyrene, poly(butadiene), and poly(isoprene), with specific geometric isomerisms for the polydienes, lead to 3‐phase microphase separated systems. We report also the coexistence of the core‐shell double gyroid and the 3‐phase 4‐layer alternating lamellae morphologies with the majority fraction being the lamellar structure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1238–1246
Die Netzschale der Jinji Lake Mall
Authors: Plieninger Sven , Gebreiter Daniel , Mühlberger Jörg , Justiz Stefan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFür eines der künftig größten Einkaufszentren Chinas in Suzhou hat schlaich bergermann und partner eine 35.000 Quadratmeter große freigeformte Netzschale geplant. Die Herausforderung bestand darin, für den 400 Meter langen Komplex aus vier statisch unabhängigen Gebäuden ein fugenloses Dach in Form von Phoenix‐Schwingen zu realisieren, das großen Relativverschiebungen aus Temperatur‐ und Erdbebeneinwirkungen standhält. Eine aufgrund ihrer Flexibilität vorteilhafte regelmäßige Viereckstruktur wurde mittels eigens entwickelter Modellierungsmethoden gefunden. Dieser digitale Entwurfsprozess ermöglichte die gekoppelte Optimierung von Netz und Tragwerk hin zu einer zugleich harmonischen und filigranen Struktur.The grid‐shell of Jinji Lake Mall. Jinji Lake Mall, a 290,000 m² shopping and entertainment centre, will be centrepiece to a development of several super‐high‐rise buildings by the waterfront of Jinji Lake in Suzhou, China. Visible from the surrounding skyscrapers, the appearance of the “fifth façade” became of paramount importance. In response, the architectural design foresaw a continuous, 35,000 m² free‐form glass roof to cover the four individual buildings of the mall ensemble.schlaich bergermann and partner structural consulting engineers were tasked with the structural design of the roof whose shape was inspired by the wings of a phoenix. To alleviate excessive in‐plane stresses in the roof, a rigid triangulated grid was discarded in favour of a more elastic quadrangular frame system, requiring the generation of a quad‐dominant topology on the free‐form surface. The complex interplay between base buildings and roof structure required that all analysis be done on a combined model including roof, tree columns and sub‐structure.Multi‐resolution mesh modelling stood at the core of a generative work‐flow which mathematically optimized for geometric and structural criteria in the same process. Furthermore, geometrically similar facets were grouped and subsequently assigned the same panel, reducing the unique panel count.
Die Sonderfassaden des Doha Convention Centers, Qatar
Authors: Blandini Lucio , Winterstetter Thomas , Sobek Werner 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDas Doha Convention Center in Qatar ist ein neues Kongresszentrum, das die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung des Golfstaats im Mittleren Osten stärken soll. Herausragendes Merkmal des Gebäudes ist eine äußerst transparente Seilfassade an der Südseite. Die Fassade nimmt Windlasten durch horizontal verlaufende, vorgespannte Edelstahlseile auf. Die Seile haben einen Durchmesser von 28 mm. Sie spannen bis zu 180 m zwischen zwei vertikalen, bogenartigen Trägern. Ein wichtiges Ziel der Planung war es, horizontale Verformungen (und daraus resultierende Verwindungen in den Glasscheiben) auf ein absolutes Minimum zu reduzieren; dies war angesichts der großen Spannweiten eine besondere Herausforderung.The Special Facades of Doha Convention Center. The Doha Convention Center in Qatar is a building aiming at strengthen and outline the role of the Gulf state as a business hub in the Middle East. A special feature of the building is the transparent cable‐stayed facade at the south side. Wind loads are carried by horizontal prestressed stainless steel cables. These cables span up to 180 m between two vertical bow‐string columns. Given the long spans, keeping control of horizontal deflections and of the resulting warping in the insulated glass panes was a particular challenge.
Standards der Zukunft: EnEV 2014 und Effizienzhaus Plus
Authors: Hegner Hans‐Dieter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDas neu gebildete Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit hat aufbauend auf den Forderungen des Koalitionsvertrages der aktuellen Bundesregierung ein “Aktionsprogramm Klimaschutz“ vorlegt, um zusätzliche CO2‐Einsparungen zu generieren. Es wurde am 03.12.2014 im Bundeskabinett verabschiedet. Teil der Maßnahmen ist die Umsetzung der neuen Energieeinsparverordnung, die ab 2016 eine Verschärfung um 25 % vorsieht. Gleichzeitig soll mit dem “Bündnis für bezahlbares Wohnen und Bauen“ dafür gesorgt werden, dass Wohnen bezahlbar bleibt und mehr Sozialwohnungen insbesondere in Ballungsräumen errichtet werden. Beides gelingt nur, wenn innovative Ansätze beim Wohnungsbau und dem energieeffizienten und nachhaltigen Bauen umgesetzt werden. Die Forschungsinitiative Zukunft Bau und das Netzwerk der Effizienzhäuser Plus leisten dabei umfangreiche Unterstützung.Future standards: the Energy Conservation Regulations 2014 and the plus energy house. The new Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety has submitted a Climate Action Programme 2020 based on the Coalition Agreement of the current government to achieve additional CO2 savings. It was decided by the Federal Government on the 3th of December 2014. One of the instruments is the implementation of the new Energy Conservation Regulations (EnEV). The EnEV standards will be raised by 25 % starting in 2016. At the same time the Alliance for Affordable Housing and Building aims to keep housing affordable and to ensure that more social housing is built, in particular in conurbations. These two goals can only be attained if we consistently implement innovative approaches in housing development and energy‐efficient, sustainable building. The research initiative Future Building (Zukunft Bau) and the network “plus energy houses” make a vital contribution to this.
Die Gebäudehülle des Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre in Baku, Aserbaidschan
Authors: Winterstetter Thomas , Sobek Werner , Berger Radu‐Florin , Toth Agatha 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDas Design des neuen nationalen Kulturzentrums von Aserbaidschan ist geprägt von der Freiformflächen‐Architektur von Zaha Hadid. Wesentliche innovative Konstruktionsweisen wie die GFK/GFB‐Außenhülle, die 3D‐Innenausbauten und die extrem großformatigen Glas‐Elementfassaden wurden von Werner Sobek Stuttgart speziell für dieses Projekt entwickelt, ausgeschrieben und bei Produktion und Einbau überwacht. Der Beitrag zeigt die sehr hohen Anforderungen und die verschiedenen ingenieurtechnischen Lösungsansätze für Planung und Realisierung.The building envelope of Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre in Baku, Azerbaijan. The design of the new national cultural center of Azerbaijan is characterized by the freeform architecture of Zaha Hadid. Significant innovative construction methods as the GRP / GRC‐outer shell, the 3D interior fit‐out and the extremely large size glass‐curtain wall units were developed by Werner Sobek Stuttgart specifically for this project and were advertised and monitored during production and installation. The article shows the very high standards and the different engineering approaches to planning and implementation.
Glazed Link Library Walk − Manchester
Authors: Weimann Gert , Henriksen Thomas , Keri Samir 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn der Mitte des Vereinigten Königreichs [UK] verbindet Waagner Biro mit dem sogenannten “Glazed Link Library Walk” das Rathaus von Manchester mit der benachbarten Zentralbibliothek (Bild 1‐1). Der Entwurf stammt von dem britischen Architekturbüro “Ian Simpson Associates”. Die Hauptabmessungen dieser Glaskonstruktion mit der nierenförmigen Grundfläche sind ca. 10,6 m x 20,5 m x 7,9 m. Auf 7,4 m hohen tragenden Glaswand‐Elementen ruht eine komplett verschweißte Freiformfläche aus poliertem Edelstahl, deren Gestalt einer Wolkenformation nachempfunden ist. Die 26 laminierten Glasscheiben (13 zylindrisch gebogen, 13 eben) fungieren hierbei als selbstaussteifendes Fassadentragwerk. Absolute Präzision in den Bereichen Engineering, Fertigung und Montage ermöglichten die Realisierung dieser neuartigen und spektakulären Glas‐Skulptur.Glazed Link Library Walk – Manchester. The Glazed Link Building forms a link between the Manchester Town Hall and the neighbouring Central Library. The architectural office is “Ian Simpson Associates”. The Glazed Link rises approx. 7,9 m and measures approx. 10,6 m x 20,5 m. The roof is made of welded stainless steel and features a mirror polished soffit built in a highly curved cloud shape. It is supported by a circumferential glass wall which consists of 26 laminated glass elements (13 single curved, 13 flat). Absolute precision in engineering, manufacturing and installation are the guarantor for the realisation of this novel and spectacular glass sculpture.
Untersuchungen an thermo‐mechanisch beanspruchten Glasklebverbindungen mit integrierten faseroptischen Sensoren
Authors: Ganß Martin , Daum Maximilian , Breidenbach Marie L. , Beinersdorf Heiko , Kuhne Michael , Hildebrand Jörg 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAuf Grund vieler Vorteile spielen Klebverbindungen im Bauwesen und speziell im konstruktiven Glasbau eine immer größere Rolle. Polymere Klebstoffe können aber ihre Eigenschaften in Folge mechanischer und klimatischer Umgebungseinflüsse verändern, so dass die Klebschicht oftmals eine kritische Stelle der Klebverbindung ist. Speziell bei lasttragenden und sicherheitsrelevanten Verbindungen ist eine zeitliche Überprüfung der Klebverbindung sinnvoll. Im Beitrag wird die Integration von dünnen faseroptischen Sensoren in die Klebschicht der Verbindung zur Erfassung von Dehnungen unter thermo‐mechanischer Belastung vorgestellt und diskutiert.Investigations on thermo‐mechanically loaded glass joints using integrated fibre optic sensors. Due to their numerous advantages, adhesive joints play an increasing role in civil engineering and especially in glass constructions. The physical and mechanical properties of polymeric adhesives can be altered by mechanical and climatic influences. Thus, the adhesive layer is often a critical part of the joint. Therefore, especially for load bearing and safety‐related joints a monitoring of the adhesive layer in the joint is useful. In the contribution the integration and application of thin optical fibre sensors for strain monitoring in the adhesive layer of joints under thermo‐mechanical influences is discussed.
Wellenlängenabhängige Kenngrößen verschiedener Verglasungen beim Durchdringen von Sonnenstrahlung
Authors: Burda Clara , Hildebrand Jörg 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIm modernen Fassadenbau finden große Glasflächen immer häufiger Anwendung. Ihre energetischen Kenngrößen sind für den Wärmeeintrag in das Gebäude maßgebend. Die Bestimmung kann experimentell oder numerisch erfolgen. In diesem Beitrag werden die spektralen Energieverluste bei der Leistungsdichteverteilung der Sonnenstrahlung beim Durchdringen von Kalk‐Natron‐Silicatglas analysiert. Dabei werden die Ergebnisse für Einfach‐, Doppel‐ und Dreifachverglasungen mit unterschiedlichen Beschichtungen dargestellt. Grundlage der Berechnungen ist die VDI 6007 Blatt 2 und die in ihr genannten Regelwerke.Energy dissipation of solar radiation while piercing through various glazing. Large glass surfaces are more and more common in façade engineering. Their energetic indicators are decisive for the building’s temperature profile. Therefore they are defined by means of complex calculations. In this article, there is an analysis of spectral energy dissipation occurring with power density distribution of solar radiation while penetrating through soda lime silica glass. In this context, the results for single, double and triple glazing with various coatings are provided. The calculations are based on the VDI Guideline 6007 Part 2 and its set of rules.
Untersuchungen zum Resttragverhalten von Verbundglas
Authors: Kuntsche Johannes , Franz Johannes , Schneider Jens 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDer Beitrag behandelt den Einfluss von Steifigkeit und Haftung der Zwischenfolie auf das Resttragverhalten von Verbundglas. Es wurden zwei Versuchsserien in Bauteilgröße mit sechs unterschiedlichen Folien untersucht, die auf Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) basieren. Die erste Versuchsserie untersucht die maximale kurzzeitige Belastbarkeit von gebrochenen vierseitig gelagerten Verbundgläsern. Im Anschluss wurden aufbauend auf den Ergebnisse der ersten Versuchsserie Resttragfähigkeitsversuche mit einer Standzeit von einer Stunde durchgeführt, um den Einfluss von Steifigkeit und Haftung auf die Resttragfähigkeit zu bewerten. Es zeigt sich, dass eine niedrige Haftung sowie eine hohe Steifigkeit zu einem günstigeren Resttragverhalten führen.Investigations on the post‐breakage behaviour of laminated glass. The paper discusses the influence of stiffness and adhesion of the interlayer to the post‐breakage behaviour of laminated glass. Two test series were performed in component size with six different interlayer materials based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The first series examines the maximum short‐term bearing capacity of broken four side supported laminated glass. Based on the results of the first series, residual strength tests with a load period of one hour were conducted to evaluate the influence of stiffness and adhesion on the post‐breakage performance. It is shown that a low adhesion and high stiffness lead to a better residual structural behaviour.
Kriechverhalten von Klebverbindungen am Beispiel von Holz‐Glas‐Verbundelementen
Authors: Nicklisch Felix , Weller Bernhard 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTragende Holz‐Glas‐Verbundelemente gehören zu den neuen Entwicklungen im Glasbau. Die Klebverbindung in diesen Elementen wird teilweise durch ständige Einwirkungen beansprucht. Gleichzeitig weisen Klebstoffe ein zeitabhängiges Materialverhalten auf. In einer Langzeitstudie wurden drei verschiedenen Klebstoffen näher untersucht. Die Versuchsserie an Prüfkörpern mit realitätsnaher Klebfugengeometrie gliedert sich in drei Schritte: Tragfähigkeitsversuche unter Kurzzeitbelastung, Kriechversuche mit einer Dauer von jeweils 1000 Stunden und die Ermittlung der verbleibenden Tragfähigkeit nach Entlastung. Anhand der Ergebnisse lässt sich das Kriechverhalten der Klebfuge beurteilen und das langzeitige Tragvermögen der Elemente ableiten.Creep behaviour of adhesives joints in timber‐glass composite elements. Load‐bearing timber‐glass composites belong to novel developments in the field of structural glass. The adhesive bond of such elements is exposed to long‐term static loading. At the same time, adhesives exhibit a time‐dependent material behaviour. The paper contributes to this topic by a long‐term study on three different adhesives. The test sequence divides into three major steps: the assessment of the load bearing capacity on mid‐size specimen by means of short‐term testing, several 1000 hour creep tests and the determination of their residual load‐bearing capacity after being preloaded in the creep tests. The results enable conclusions on the creep behaviour and prediction of long‐term structural performance of the bond.