bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broad fibrovascular cores may not be an exclusively benign feature in papillary lesions of the breast: a cautionary note
Authors: Yamaguchi Rin , Tanaka Maki , Tse Gary M , Yamaguchi Miki , Terasaki Hiroshi , Nomura Yoriko , Takenaka Miki , Naito Yoshiki , Akiba Jun , Yano Hirohisa 
Published: September 2013

AimsA prominent fibrovascular stromal core is one of the widely accepted histological features of breast papillomas, but some papillary carcinomas also show such broad fibrovascular cores, leading to confusion in diagnosis, particularly in needle biopsy specimens. We investigated the histological characteristics of papillary lesions, focusing on broad fibrovascular cores and their relationship with the architectural patterns.MethodsAmong 185 cases of needle biopsies of papillomas and papillary carcinomas, the number of cases with broad fibrovascular cores in each group was compared. The broad fibrovascular core density in the subsequently resected specimens was evaluated and compared between papillary predominant pattern (papillary structures >80% of tumours) and mixed pattern (papillary, solid, cribriform and others) within the lesions.ResultsSignificantly more papillary carcinomas than papillomas and B3 atypical papillary lesions had broad fibrovascular cores (p=0.0091 and p=0.0164, respectively). The papillary predominant pattern was more prominent in carcinomas than in papillomas in the needle biopsies (p=0.048) and showed the same tendency in the resections (p=0.058). The broad fibrovascular core density was significantly lower in the 18 papillomas than in the 37 papillary carcinomas (p=0.0079) and was not significantly different between the papillary predominant and mixed patterns in carcinomas and papillomas.ConclusionsBroad fibrovascular cores in mammary papillary lesions are not specific for papillomas, as they are also present focally in papillary carcinomas. As the frequency of papillary carcinoma with broad fibrovascular cores is relatively high, caution in diagnosis has to be exercised, especially in needle biopsy specimens.
S100A4 expression is a prognostic indicator in small intestine adenocarcinoma
Authors: Roh Jin , Knight Spencer , Chung Joon-Yong , Eo Soo-Heang , Goggins Michael , Kim Jihoon , Cho HyungJun , Yu Eunsil , Hong Seung-Mo 
Published: September 2013

AimsDue to the rarity of small intestine adenocarcinoma (SIAC), estimating the prognosis for patients with surgically resected SIAC is difficult. Overexpression of S100A4 has been linked to worse patient survival in several malignant neoplasms, but its significance in SIAC has not been determined.MethodsS100A4 protein expression was assessed in 197 surgically resected SIAC cases and compared with clinicopathological factors, including patient survival.ResultsA progressive increase in S100A4 labelling was observed in normal intestinal epithelium, adenoma and adenocarcinoma (p<0.001), and 50 SIAC cases (26.2%) showed strong S100A4 expression. Patients with SIAC with strong S100A4 expression had a higher pT classification (p=0.05), as well as increased lymph node metastasis (p=0.009) and perineural invasion (p=0.002). Patients with SIAC with strong S100A4 expression had significantly worse survival (median survival, 21 months) than those with weak/no S100A4 expression (42.5 months) byunivariable(p=0.04) andmultivariable(p=0.01) analyses.ConclusionsS100A4 overexpression is observed in a subset of SIACs, is associated with advanced disease and can be used as a prognostic indicator of poor prognosis in patients with SIAC.
Intelligence in early adulthood and mortality from natural and unnatural causes in middle-aged Danish men
Authors: Meincke Rikke Hodal , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Avlund Kirsten , Rosthøj Susanne , Sørensen Holger Jelling , Osler Merete 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundHigh intelligence early in life has consistently been associated with decreased mortality, but the mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this cohort study, we examined the association between intelligence in early adulthood and later mortality from natural and unnatural causes taking birth weight, parental socioeconomic position, participants’ own education and body mass index into account.Methods13 536 Danish men born in 1953 and 1959–1961 with data from birth certificates and intelligence test scores from conscription were followed until 2009. Information on vital status was obtained from the Civil Registration System. Mortality risks were analysed by the multiple Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsThe risk of mortality from natural as well as unnatural causes was more than twice as high among men in the lowest scoring intelligence tertile (HRnatural deaths=2.24; 1.90–2.65 and HRunnatural deaths=2.67; 2.03–3.53). Adjusting for all covariates attenuated the estimates, but the association remained (HRnatural deaths=1.82; 1.48–2.25 and HRunnatural deaths=2.30; 1.63–3.25).ConclusionsIn men, intelligence in early adulthood was inversely associated with midlife mortality from natural and unnatural causes. The associations remained after adjustments for a range of covariates.
Is participation contagious? Evidence from a household vector control campaign in urban Peru
Authors: Buttenheim Alison M , Paz-Soldan Valerie , Barbu Corentin , Skovira Christine , Quintanilla Calderón Javier , Mollesaca Riveros Lina Margot , Cornejo Juan Oswaldo , Small Dylan S , Bicchieri Christina , Naquira Cesar , Levy Michael Z 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesHigh rates of household participation are critical to the success of door-to-door vector control campaigns. We used the Health Belief Model to assess determinants of participation, including neighbour participation as a cue to action, in a Chagas disease vector control campaign in Peru.MethodsWe evaluated clustering of participation among neighbours; estimated participation as a function of household infestation status, neighbourhood type and number of participating neighbours; and described the reported reasons for refusal to participate in a district of 2911 households.ResultsWe observed significant clustering of participation along city blocks (p<0.0001). Participation was significantly higher for households in new versus established neighbourhoods, for infested households, and for households with more participating neighbours. The effect of neighbour participation was greater in new neighbourhoods.ConclusionsResults support a ‘contagion’ model of participation, highlighting the possibility that one or two participating households can tip a block towards full participation. Future campaigns can leverage these findings by making participation more visible, by addressing stigma associated with spraying, and by employing group incentives to spray.
Role of argatroban during neurointerventional procedures in patients with heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Alaraj Ali , Tobin Matthew , Birk Daniel , Aletich Victor 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundCurrently, heparin is used routinely for anticoagulation during cerebral angiography and neurointerventional procedures. In patients with heparin sensitivity, however, heparin cannot be used. Therefore, an alternative method of anticoagulation is necessary to prevent clot formation during such procedures.MethodsArgatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor, is used as an alternate to heparin for anticoagulation. It is indicated for treatment of heparin induced thrombocytopenia as well as for prophylaxis during percutaneous coronary intervention. There are no reports describing the protocols for its use during neurointerventional procedures. We report on a series of three patients where argatroban was used in a series of three patients who underwent endovascular interventional procedures.ResultsArgatroban was given in a loading dosage of 4 μg/kg/min for 10 min followed by an infusion of 1.0 μg/kg/min. During the procedure, no procedural complications were reported. Activated thrombin time was used to monitor anticoagulation.ConclusionsWe describe here the use of argatroban as an alternate anticoagulant during such procedures, as well as outline our protocol for its administration.
Neuroangiography simulation using a silicone model in the angiography suite improves trainee skills
Authors: Miranpuri Amrendra S , Nickele Christopher M , Akture Erinc , Royalty Kevin , Niemann David B 
Published: September 2013

PurposeSimulation techniques in neurosurgical training are becoming more important. The purpose of this study was to determine whether silicone vascular models used in the angiography suite can render improvement in trainee performance and safety in neuroendovascular procedures.Methods10 residents from neurosurgery and radiology training programs were asked to perform a diagnostic angiogram on a silicone based vascular model (United Biologics, Tustin, USA). This was done in the angiography suite with the full biplane fluoroscopy machine (Siemens, Munich, Germany). On their first attempt, they were coached by a faculty member trained in endovascular neurosurgery; on their second attempt, they received coaching only if the procedure had stalled. Technique was scored on multiple criteria by the faculty, and total time and fluoroscopy time were recorded on both attempts.ResultsIn this group of 10 residents, overall procedure time significantly decreased from 51 to 42 min (p=0.01), and total fluoro time significantly decreased from 12 to 9 min (p=0.002) between the first attempt and the second attempt. Technical skill increased significantly in navigation, vessel selection, projection setup, and road map usage.ConclusionsSilicone vascular models used in the angiography suite, with the clinical working tools and biplane fluoroscopy, provide a valuable experience for training residents in diagnostic angiography, and improved performance and safety.
ODEion — A SOFTWARE MODULE FOR STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: GENNEMARK PETER , WEDELIN DAG 
Published: September 2013

In the systems biology field, algorithms for structural identification of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) have mainly focused on fixed model spaces like S-systems and/or on methods that require sufficiently good data so that derivatives can be accurately estimated. There is therefore a lack of methods and software that can handle more general models and realistic data. We present ODEion, a software module for structural identification of ODEs. Main characteristic features of the software are: • The model space is defined by arbitrary user-defined functions that can be nonlinear in both variables and parameters, such as for example chemical rate reactions. • ODEion implements computationally efficient algorithms that have been shown to efficiently handle sparse and noisy data. It can run a range of realistic problems that previously required a supercomputer. • ODEion is easy to use and provides SBML output. We describe the mathematical problem, the ODEion system itself, and provide several examples of how the system can be used. Available at: http://www.odeidentification.org .
High Reliable Relay Selection Approach for QoS Provisioning in Wireless Distributed Sensor Networks
Authors: Jin Yong 
Published: September 2013

In wireless distributed sensor networks, one open problem is how to guarantee the reliable relay selection based on the quality of services diversity. To address this problem, we focus on the reliable adaptive relay selection approach and adaptive QoS supported algorithm, based on which we present a Markov chain model, in consideration of different packet states and error control algorithm assignment. The mathematical analyses and NS-2 simulation results show that the proposed relay selection approach could perform better in terms of saturation throughput, reliability, and energy efficiency, compared with the traditional approaches. More importantly, the quality of real-time multimedia streaming is improved significantly, in terms of decodable frame ratio and delay.
Loss of TBK1 Induces Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in the Breast Cancer Cells by ERα Downregulation
Authors: Yang Kyung-Min , Jung YunShin , Lee Jeong-Mi , Kim WonJoo , Cho Jin Ki , Jeong Joon , Kim Seong-Jin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is the pivotal regulator of proliferation and differentiation in mammary epithelia, where it serves as a crucial prognostic marker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. In this study, we show that the loss of the kinase TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition in ERα-positive breast cancer cells by downregulating ERα expression. TBK1 was overexpressed in ERα-positive breast cancers, where it was associated with distant metastasis-free survival in patients, whereas it was underexpressed in ERα-negative breast cancers. TBK1 silencing decreased expression of epithelial markers and increased expression of mesenchymal markers in ERα-positive breast cancer cells, enhancing tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo in a manner associated with downregulation of ERα expression. Mechanistically, TBK1 silencing reduced FOXO3A binding to the ERα promoter by inducing the translocation of phosphorylated FOXO3A from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Thus, our results indicate that the loss of TBK1 expression parallels the loss of ERα expression, in turn helping drive an aggressive breast cancer phenotype. Cancer Res; 73(22); 6679–89. ©2013 AACR.
Why Your Preferred Targeted Drugs May Become Unaffordable
Authors: Piccart Martine J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTrastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody directed at the HER2 receptor, is one of the most impressive targeted drugs developed in the last two decades. Indeed, when given in conjunction with chemotherapy, it improves the survival of women with HER2 positive breast cancer, both in advanced and in early disease. Its optimal duration, however, is poorly defined in both settings with a significant economic impact in the adjuvant setting where the drug is arbitrarily given for 1 year. This article reviews current attempts at shortening this treatment duration, emphasizing the likelihood of inconclusive results and, therefore, the need to investigate this important variable as part of the initial pivotal trials and with the support of public health systems. Failure to do so has major consequences on treatment affordability. Ongoing adjuvant trials of dual HER2 blockade, using trastuzumab in combination with a second anti-HER2 agent, and trials of the antibody–drug conjugate T-DM1 (trastuzumab–emtansine) have to all be designed with 12 months of targeted therapy. Cancer Res; 73(19); 5849–51. ©2013 AACR.
The Emerging Role of Immunosurveillance in Dictating Metastatic Spread in Breast Cancer
Authors: Slaney Clare Y. , Rautela Jai , Parker Belinda S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
It is now well known that the immune system can recognize transformed cells and control the initiation and growth of some cancers, a process termed tumor immunosurveillance. Key regulators of this process have been described in the primary tumor setting, where the balance of protumor and antitumor responses dictates tumor initiation and progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that immunosurveillance may also be critical for regulating metastatic spread, the most fatal aspect of cancer, and that mechanisms of overcoming immune control may be quite different from those at the primary site. Our recent findings support loss of type I interferon (IFN) signaling as a tumor-cell intrinsic mechanism of evading metastasis-specific immune responses in breast cancer. We revealed that type I IFN-induced innate (natural killer) and adaptive (CD8+ T cell) responses suppressed bone metastatic growth and this was associated with decreased accumulation of immune suppressor cells (myeloid-derived suppressor cells). This review summarizes recent findings that are in support of tumor-induced immunosurveillance in regulating metastatic spread, including evidence that immune regulation of primary tumors may be distinct from those dictating metastasis. Cancer Res; 73(19); 5852–7. ©2013 AACR.
Mesoscale Energy Spectra of the Mei-Yu Front System. Part I: Kinetic Energy Spectra
Authors: Peng Jun , Zhang Lifeng , Luo Yu , Zhang Yun 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The mesoscale kinetic energy (KE) spectra of the mei-yu front system are investigated through idealized numerical simulations. In the mature stage, the upper-tropospheric KE spectrum resembles a −3 power law for wavelengths between 1000 and 400 km and shallows to a slope of approximately − at smaller wavelengths. A similar behavior can be observed in the lower stratosphere. At both levels, the rotational KE spectrum shallows nearly to the same extent as the divergent KE spectrum at smaller wavelengths, accounting for the transition in the total KE spectrum. About 12 h after the latent heating is turned off, the mesoscale KE spectra hardly show the distinct spectral transition, especially in the upper troposphere.
The spectral KE budget for various height ranges is analyzed and compared. In the upper troposphere, the mesoscale KE is deposited through the buoyancy flux and removed by the advective nonlinearity and vertical pressure flux divergence. The buoyancy flux spectrum in the mature phase has a peak at scales of around 300 km and a plateau throughout the mesoscale, which suggests a significant injection of KE in the mesoscale. The negative contribution of the advective nonlinearity demonstrates that to some extent the mesoscale KE derives from a nonlinear upscale cascade, with the buoyancy-produced energy source located at the lower end of mesoscale spectrum. In the lower stratosphere, the mesoscale KE is deposited through the advective nonlinearity and vertical pressure flux divergence and removed by the buoyancy flux. This suggests that the lower-stratospheric KE spectrum is influenced by both the downscale energy cascade and vertically propagating IGWs.
Impact of Land Surface Initialization Approach on Subseasonal Forecast Skill: A Regional Analysis in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Hirsch Annette L. , Kala Jatin , Pitman Andy J. , Carouge Claire , Evans Jason P. , Haverd Vanessa , Mocko David 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The authors use a sophisticated coupled land–atmosphere modeling system for a Southern Hemisphere subdomain centered over southeastern Australia to evaluate differences in simulation skill from two different land surface initialization approaches. The first approach uses equilibrated land surface states obtained from offline simulations of the land surface model, and the second uses land surface states obtained from reanalyses. The authors find that land surface initialization using prior offline simulations contribute to relative gains in subseasonal forecast skill. In particular, relative gains in forecast skill for temperature of 10%–20% within the first 30 days of the forecast can be attributed to the land surface initialization method using offline states. For precipitation there is no distinct preference for the land surface initialization method, with limited gains in forecast skill irrespective of the lead time. The authors evaluated the asymmetry between maximum and minimum temperatures and found that maximum temperatures had the largest gains in relative forecast skill, exceeding 20% in some regions. These results were statistically significant at the 98% confidence level at up to 60 days into the forecast period. For minimum temperature, using reanalyses to initialize the land surface contributed to relative gains in forecast skill, reaching 40% in parts of the domain that were statistically significant at the 98% confidence level. The contrasting impact of the land surface initialization method between maximum and minimum temperature was associated with different soil moisture coupling mechanisms. Therefore, land surface initialization from prior offline simulations does improve predictability for temperature, particularly maximum temperature, but with less obvious improvements for precipitation and minimum temperature over southeastern Australia.
Influence of Leaf Area Index Prescriptions on Simulations of Heat, Moisture, and Carbon Fluxes
Authors: Kala Jatin , Decker Mark , Exbrayat Jean-François , Pitman Andy J. , Carouge Claire , Evans Jason P. , Abramowitz Gab , Mocko David 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Leaf area index (LAI), the total one-sided surface area of leaf per ground surface area, is a key component of land surface models. The authors investigate the influence of differing, plausible LAI prescriptions on heat, moisture, and carbon fluxes simulated by the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange version 1.4b (CABLEv1.4b) model over the Australian continent. A 15-member ensemble monthly LAI dataset is generated using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI product and gridded observations of temperature and precipitation. Offline simulations lasting 29 years (1980–2008) are carried out at 25-km resolution with the composite monthly means from the MODIS LAI product (control simulation) and compared with simulations using each of the 15-member ensemble monthly varying LAI datasets generated. The imposed changes in LAI did not strongly influence the sensible and latent fluxes, but the carbon fluxes were more strongly affected. Croplands showed the largest sensitivity in gross primary production with differences ranging from −90% to 60%. Plant function types (PFTs) with high absolute LAI and low interannual variability, such as evergreen broadleaf trees, showed the least response to the different LAI prescriptions, while those with lower absolute LAI and higher interannual variability, such as croplands, were more sensitive. The authors show that reliance on a single LAI prescription may not accurately reflect the uncertainty in the simulation of terrestrial carbon fluxes, especially for PFTs with high interannual variability. The study highlights that accurate representation of LAI in land surface models is key to the simulation of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Hence, this will become critical in quantifying the uncertainty in future changes in primary production.
Inner-Shelf Response to Cross-Shelf Wind Stress: The Importance of the Cross-Shelf Density Gradient in an Idealized Numerical Model and Field Observations
Authors: Horwitz Rachel , Lentz Steven J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of horizontal and vertical density gradients on the inner-shelf response to cross-shelf wind stress by using an idealized numerical model and observations from a moored array deployed south of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts. In two-dimensional (no along-shelf variation) numerical model runs of an initially stratified shelf, a cross-shelf wind stress drives vertical mixing that results in a nearly well-mixed inner shelf with a cross-shelf density gradient because of the sloping bottom. The cross-shelf density gradient causes an asymmetric response to on- and offshore wind stresses. For density increasing offshore, an offshore wind stress drives a near-surface offshore flow and near-bottom onshore flow that slightly enhances the vertical stratification and the cross-shelf circulation. An onshore wind stress drives the reverse cross-shelf circulation reducing the vertical stratification and the cross-shelf circulation. A horizontal Richardson number is shown to be the nondimensional parameter that controls the dependence of the wind-driven nondimensional cross-shelf transport on the cross-shelf density gradient. Field observations show the same empirical relationship between the horizontal Richardson number and transport fraction as the model predicts. These results show that it is the cross-shelf rather than vertical density gradient that is critical to predicting the inner-shelf cross-shelf transport driven by a cross-shelf wind stress.