bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of infrahyoid muscle sectioning on hyoid bone position and oropharyngeal air column volume
Authors: Güzeldir Osman T. , Aydil Utku , Kizil Yusuf , Akyildiz Ilker , Köybaşioğlu Ahmet 
Published: November 2014

Objective/HypothesisTo evaluate the spatial hyoid bone position and the oropharyngeal air column volume after infrahyoid muscle sectioning as a single procedure.Study DesignAnimal experiment.MethodsSix adult New Zealand rabbits underwent sternohyoid, omohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscle sectioning for infrahyoid release. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans were obtained and transferred to the Mimics software program. By using the program, preoperative and postoperative three‐dimensional models of the spatial hyoid bone position and the oropharyngeal air column volume were determined and compared.ResultsAfter the surgical intervention, it was found that the hyoid bone significantly moved to a more anterior (P = .028, P = .046), and superior (P = .028, P = .028) position. The preoperative mean oropharyngeal air column volume (618.88 ± 176.54 mm3) also increased after infrahyoid muscle sectioning (797.01 ± 155.33 mm3). and this change was also statistically significant (P = .028).ConclusionsInfrahyoid release improves oropharyngeal air column volume, as the hyoid bone moves to a more anterior and superior position after this operation in an animal model. However, additional animal and human studies are necessary to evaluate a possible therapeutic role of this procedure.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:1480–1484, 2015
Light‐activated sealing of skin wounds
Authors: Xu Nan , Yao Min , Farinelli William , Hajjarian Zeinab , Wang Ying , Redmond Robert W. , Kochevar Irene E. 
Published: November 2014

Background and ObjectivesWe have developed a light‐activated technology for rapidly sealing skin surgical wounds called photochemical tissue bonding (PTB). The goals of this study were to evaluate parameters influencing PTB in order to optimize its clinical efficacy and to determine whether PTB can be used to seal wounds in moderately to highly pigmented skin.Study Design/Materials and MethodsApplication of Rose Bengal (RB) followed by exposure to 532 nm was used to seal linear incisions (1.5 mm deep, 2 cm long) in lightly pigmented (Yorkshire) and darkly pigmented (Yucatan) swine skin. The force required to open the seal (the bonding strength) was measured by in situ tensiometry. Reflectance spectra, epidermal transmission spectra, and histology were used to characterize the skin. The relationships of RB concentration and fluence to bonding strength were established in Yorkshire skin. Surface temperature was measured during irradiations and cooling was used while sealing incisions in Yucatan skin. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to estimate the effect of epidermal melanin on the power absorbed in the dermis at the incision interface.ResultsThe lowest fluence, 25 J/cm2, delivered at an irradiance of 0.5 W/cm2 substantially increased the bonding strength (∼10‐fold) compared to controls in Yorkshire swine skin. Increasing the fluence to 100 J/cm2 enhanced bonding strength by a further 1.5‐fold. Application of 0.1% RB for 2 minutes produced the greatest bonding strength using 100 J/cm2 and limited the penetration of RB to an ∼50 μm band on the dermal incision wall. Reflectance spectra indicated that Yorkshire skin had minimal melanin and that Yucatan skin was a good model for highly pigmented human skin. In Yucatan skin, the bonding strength increased 1.7‐fold using 0.1% RB and 200 J/cm2 at 1.5 W/cm2 with cooling and epinephrine. Monte Carlo simulation indicated that absorption of 532 nm light by epidermal melanin in dark skin decreased the power absorbed along the incision in the dermis by a factor of 2.7.ConclusionsThese results suggest that in lightly pigmented skin the PTB treatment time can be shortened without compromising the bonding strength. Sealing incisions using PTB in moderately and highly pigmented skin will require a careful balance of irradiance and cooling. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:17–29, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reversible Inhibitors of LSD1 as Therapeutic Agents in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical Significance and Progress to Date
Authors: Mould Daniel P. , McGonagle Alison E. , Wiseman Daniel H. , Williams Emma L. , Jordan Allan M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the 10 years since the discovery of lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), this epigenetic eraser has emerged as an important target of interest in oncology. More specifically, research has demonstrated that it plays an essential role in the self‐renewal of leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This review will cover clinical aspects of AML, the role of epigenetics in the disease, and discuss the research that led to the first irreversible inhibitors of LSD1 entering clinical trials for the treatment of AML in 2014. We also review recent achievements and progress in the development of potent and selective reversible inhibitors of LSD1. These compounds differ in their mode of action from tranylcypromine derivatives and could facilitate novel biochemical studies to probe the pathways mediated by LSD1. In this review, we will critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of published series of reversible LSD1 inhibitors. Overall, while the development of reversible inhibitors to date has been less fruitful than that of irreversible inhibitors, there is still the possibility for their use to facilitate further research into the roles and functions of LSD1 and to expand the therapeutic applications of LSD1 inhibitors in the clinic.
Ursolic acid improves lipid and glucose metabolism in high‐fat‐fed C57BL/6J mice by activating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha and hepatic autophagy
Authors: Jia Yaoyao , Kim Seyoung , Kim Jiyoung , Kim Bobae , Wu Chunyan , Lee Ji Hae , Jun Hee‐jin , Kim Nahyun , Lee Dongho , Lee Sung‐Joon 
Published: November 2014

ScopeThis study investigated metabolic effects of ursolic acid (UA), a peroxisome proliferation‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐α activator, in vivo.Methods and resultsHigh‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed C57BL/6J mice were orally administered UA (50 or 200 mg/kg body weight) for 8 wk. UA reduced liver and adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size, and plasma leptin concentrations, plasma triglyceride and low‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, while it elevated the high‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin concentrations significantly compared with controls. UA induced the expression of PPARα and its responsive genes involved in fatty acid uptake and β‐oxidation in the livers, whereas genes involved in lipogenesis, including sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins‐1c, were downregulated. UA administration improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity significantly compared with the HFD‐fed control livers. UA administration also activated hepatic autophagy as assessed by the expression of microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3 (LC3)‐II and other key proteins in the autophagy pathway.ConclusionOur findings suggest that UA ameliorates lipid and glucose metabolism in HFD‐fed mice primarily by the activation of PPARα and induction of the hepatic autophagy pathway. Thus, intake of UA in the diet or in an isolated form may ameliorate lipid and glucose metabolism.
A novel coil array for combined TMS/fMRI experiments at 3 T
Authors: Navarro de Lara Lucia I. , Windischberger Christian , Kuehne Andre , Woletz Michael , Sieg Jürgen , Bestmann Sven , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Strasser Bernhard , Moser Ewald , Laistler Elmar 
Published: November 2014

PurposeTo overcome current limitations in combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies by employing a dedicated coil array design for 3 Tesla.MethodsThe state‐of‐the‐art setup for concurrent TMS/fMRI is to use a large birdcage head coil, with the TMS between the subject's head and the MR coil. This setup has drawbacks in sensitivity, positioning, and available imaging techniques. In this study, an ultraslim 7‐channel receive‐only coil array for 3 T, which can be placed between the subject's head and the TMS, is presented. Interactions between the devices are investigated and the performance of the new setup is evaluated in comparison to the state‐of‐the‐art setup.ResultsMR sensitivity obtained at the depth of the TMS stimulation is increased by a factor of five. Parallel imaging with an acceleration factor of two is feasible with low g‐factors. Possible interactions between TMS and the novel hardware were investigated and were found negligible.ConclusionThe novel coil array is safe, strongly improves signal‐to‐noise ratio in concurrent TMS/fMRI experiments, enables parallel imaging, and allows for flexible positioning of the TMS on the head while ensuring efficient TMS stimulation due to its ultraslim design. Magn Reson Med 74:1492–1501, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Carrier–phonon scattering in Landau‐quantized graphene
Authors: Wendler Florian , Malic Ermin 
Published: November 2014

We investigate the scattering efficiency of carriers with optical phonons in Landau‐quantized graphene within a microscopic theory. Strong carrier–phonon scattering is induced, if the transition energy between Landau levels is in resonance with the constant energy of the respective optical phonon mode. Here, we study the phonon‐induced scattering rate as a function of magnetic field and temperature. Our results reveal a generally enhanced scattering rate for higher magnetic fields, which is peaked at the magnetic field fulfilling the resonance condition. Furthermore, we find a slower phonon‐induced relaxation at higher temperatures due to phonon occupation effects leading to a stronger increase of the scattering rates for phonon absorption in comparison to the phonon emission.Sketch of the energetically lowest Landau levels with the Dirac cones for vanishing magnetic field in the background. The optical excitation with linear polarized light (yellow arrows) and the phonon‐induced transitions (green arrows) are illustrated.
Psychosexual Development in Men with Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism on Long-Term Treatment: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Dwyer Andrew A. , Quinton Richard , Pitteloud Nelly , Morin Diane 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare, genetic, reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by absent puberty and infertility. Limited information is available on the psychosocial impact of CHH and psychosexual development in these patients.

Aim
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of CHH on psychosexual development in men on long-term treatment.

Methods
A sequential mixed methods explanatory design was used. First, an online survey (quantitative) was used to quantify the frequency of psychosexual problems among CHH men. Second, patient focus groups (qualitative) were conducted to explore survey findings in detail and develop a working model to guide potential nursing and interdisciplinary interventions.

Main Outcome Measures
Patient characteristics, frequency of body shame, difficulty with intimate relationships, and never having been sexually active were assessed. Additionally, we collected subjective patient-reported outcomes regarding the impact of CHH on psychological/emotional well-being, intimate relationships, and sexual activity.

Results
A total of 101 CHH men on long-term treatment (&gt;1 year) were included for the analysis of the online survey (mean age 37 ± 11 years, range 19–66, median 36). Half (52/101, 51%) of the men had been seen at a specialized academic center and 37/101 (37%) reported having had fertility-inducing treatment. A high percentage of CHH men experience psychosexual problems including difficulty with intimate relationships (70%) and body image concerns/body shame (94/101, 93%), and the percentage of men never having been sexually active is five times the rate in a reference group (26% vs. 5.4%, P &lt; 0.001). Focus groups revealed persisting body shame and low self-esteem despite long-term treatment that has lasting impact on psychosexual functioning.

Conclusions
CHH men frequently experience psychosexual problems that pose barriers to intimate relationships and initiating sexual activity. These lingering effects cause significant distress and are not ameliorated by long-term treatment. Psychosexual assessment in CHH men with appropriate psychological support and treatment should be warranted in these patients.
Tylosaurine mosasaurs (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of northern Germany
Authors: Hornung J.J. , Reich M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTwo genera of tylosaurine mosasaurs, Tylosaurus and Hainosaurus, are recorded for the first time from Germany. Tylosaurus sp. is represented by two isolated tooth crowns, originally described as Mosasaurus? alseni (here considered a nomen dubium) from the latest Santonian–Early Campanian, which are very similar to T. ivoensis and T. gaudryi. The material of Hainosaurus sp. comprises a maxillary with associated postorbitofrontal, two pterygoid teeth and several indeterminate cranial fragments. The specimen from the Late Campanian is slightly less derived than H. bernardi from the Maastrichtian in retaining labiolingually less compressed anterior maxillary teeth and unserrated pterygoid teeth with only very weak carinae. Despite only minor skeletal differences, the genus Hainosaurus is considered to be distinct from Tylosaurus because of its significant modification of the dental apparatus compared to the plesiomorphic condition in the latter. This dental morphology suggests a phylogenetic trend from a generalised-piercing marginal dentition in Tylosaurus towards the increasingly labiolingually compressed, symmetrical, strongly bicarinate cutting marginal teeth in Hainosaurus spp. from the Early through Late Campanian and Maastrichtian. A similar trend is also present in pterygoid teeth with very indistinct unserrated carinae in the Campanian Hainosaurus sp. towards serrated ones in the Maastrichtian H. bernardi. A short review indicates the presence of Hainosaurus in northern, central and western Europe (Sweden to Spain) since the Early Campanian, and the occurrence of Tylosaurus spp. in the same area until the Late Campanian. Hainosaurus persisted until the end of the Maastrichtian; outside Europe it may have been present in the Late Campanian of the USA and the Maastrichtian of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Judging from a simple, uni- to bicarinate, stoutly conical tooth morphology in aigialosaurs and very basal mosasaurs as well as phylogenetic patterns, the development of blade-like cutting tooth crowns appears to have been convergent in several clades of large-bodied Campanian–Maastrichtian mosasaurids. These include both mosasaurines ('Leiodon' mosasauroides, Prognathodon? sectorius, Prognathodon? kianda, Eremiasaurus heterodontus) and tylosaurines (Hainosaurus spp.).
EFFECT OF LIQUID CATTLE MANURE ON SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND CORN GROWTH IN NORTHERN GREECE
Authors: MATSI TH. , LITHOURGIDIS A. S. , BARBAYIANNIS N. 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYThe impact of liquid cattle (Bos taurusL.) manure, applied to soil at common rates and for several years, on certain plant parameters and soil properties has not been studied extensively. The objectives of this study were: a) to assess the effects of manure application on corn (Zea maysL.) yield, macro- and micronutrient concentrations and uptake, in a three-year (2006–2008) field experiment conducted in northern Greece and b) to evaluate the 11-year effect of manure application on soil fertility (particularly on micronutrients avialability) and chemical properties (especially on organic C and total N content). The field experiment of this study had been used in a similar fertilisation experiment since 1996. The treatments, which were applied on the same plots each year over the 11-year period, were: (i) soil incorporation of liquid dairy cattle manure before sowing, at a rate equal to the common N-P inorganic fertilisation for each crop (based on manure's total N and P content); (ii) application of the common inorganic N-P fertilisation for each crop before sowing; (iii) identical to ii, but with split application of the N fertilisers; (iv) no fertilisation (control). Corn dry aboveground biomass yield at the R3 growth stage and grain yield, N, P, K concentrations and macro- and micronutrients uptake increased (p≤ 0.05) upon manure addition at levels similar to or higher than the inorganic fertilisation treatments. The relative increase in grain yield during the three-year period ranged between 63–75% for manure treatment and 50–75% for both inorganic fertilisation treatments. After 11 years of manure application, organic C, total N, and available NO3-N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B increased (p≤ 0.05) in the surface soil (0–30 cm). However, no trend of nutrient build up was evident through years (except for Zn). Surprisingly, salinity and available NO3-N in the 60–90 cm soil depth of the manure-treated plots were lower (p≤ 0.05) than that of the inorganic fertilisation treatments and similar to control. Electrical conductivity was 1.76, 3.05, 2.96 and 1.36 dS m−1, for manure treatment, the two inorganic fertilisation treatments and control, respectively, whereas the respective NO3-N concentrations were 7.7, 44.6, 55.1 and 8.3 mg kg−1. Conclusively, repeated application of liquid cattle manure into the soil, at rates comparable to the common inorganic fertilisation for 11 years, can enhance crop yield and macronutrient concentrations in plant tissues and uptake, at levels similar to the inorganic fertilisation. In addition, it can increase micronutrients plant uptake and maintain soil fertility with respect to both macro- and micronutrients and increase soil organic C and total N, without either causing nutrient build up or increasing soil salinity and NO3−accumulation in the deeper soil layers.
DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF SELECTED SOUTH AFRICAN TARO (COLOCASIA ESCULENTAL. SCHOTT) LANDRACES
Authors: MABHAUDHI T. , MODI A. T. 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYDrought tolerance mechanisms of three taro landraces (Dumbe Lomfula (DL), KwaNgwanase (KW) and Umbumbulu (UM)) were evaluated under field conditions Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, over two summer seasons. Taro was slow to emerge (~ 49 days) and showed significant differences between landraces with respect to final emergence with DL never achieving a good crop stand. Growth (plant height, leaf number and LAI), VGI, SC and CCI were significantly lower under rainfed (RF) than irrigated conditions. RF conditions resulted in significantly lower biomass, HI, and final yield of taro landraces compared to irrigated conditions. The UM landrace avoided drought through increased stomatal regulation, lowering chlorophyll content, smaller canopy size and reduced growth period. It is concluded that among the three landraces, UM is suitable for production under water stress conditions, because it exhibited drought avoidance and escape mechanisms.
Samter's triad with aural involvement: a novel approach to management
Authors: Sethukumar P , Heywood R , Narula A 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground:Samter's triad is a well described condition manifesting as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, asthma and aspirin intolerance in a non-atopic individual. The underlying mechanism is still to be fully elucidated. However, aural disease has not been widely reported in these patients. In the few reported cases, most patients underwent major surgery with varying degrees of success.Case report:We report two Samter's triad patients with aural involvement. Both were successfully managed by conservative treatment, thus avoiding the need for major surgery. It appears that more Samter's triad patients may have aural disease than previously thought.Conclusion:We report good outcomes with conservative treatment, which is relevant because aural disease tends to reoccur in these patients.
Genetic and antigenic diversity ofTheileria parvain cattle in Eastern and Southern zones of Tanzania. A study to support control of East Coast fever
Authors: ELISA MWEGA , HASAN SALIH DIA , MOSES NJAHIRA , ELPIDIUS RUKAMBILE , SKILTON ROBERT , GWAKISA PAUL 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYThis study investigated the genetic and antigenic diversity ofTheileria parvain cattle from the Eastern and Southern zones of Tanzania. Thirty-nine (62%) positive samples were genotyped using 14 mini- and microsatellite markers with coverage of all fourT. parvachromosomes. Wright'sFindex (FST = 0 × 094) indicated a high level of panmixis. Linkage equilibrium was observed in the two zones studied, suggesting existence of a panmyctic population. In addition, sequence analysis of CD8+T-cell target antigen genes Tp1 revealed a single protein sequence in all samples analysed, which is also present in theT. parvaMuguga strain, which is a component of the FAO1 vaccine. All Tp2 epitope sequences were identical to those in theT. parvaMuguga strain, except for one variant of a Tp2 epitope, which is found inT.parva Kiambu 5 strain, also a component the FAO1 vaccine. Neighbour joining tree of the nucleotide sequences of Tp2 showed clustering according to geographical origin. Our results show low genetic and antigenic diversity ofT. parvawithin the populations analysed. This has very important implications for the development of sustainable control measures forT. parvain Eastern and Southern zones of Tanzania, where East Coast fever is endemic.
Everolimus treatment of a newborn with rhabdomyoma causing severe arrhythmia
Authors: Öztunç Funda , Atik Sezen U. , Güneş Aslı O. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRhabdomyoma is the most common cardiac tumour in children often associated with tuberous sclerosis. Arrhythmia caused by cardiac rhabdomyomas may be the initial sign of tuberous sclerosis. Rhabdomyomas unresponsive to other treatments could be successfully managed with everolimus, which has demonstrated benefit in tuberous sclerosis. We report a case of rhabdomyoma causing severe arrhythmia in a newborn managed successfully with everolimus.