bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of highly porous plastic foam structural characteristics by processing light microscopy images data
Authors: Beverte Ilze 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTMathematical modelling of physical and mechanical properties of plastic foam as well as numerous practical applications requires knowledge of foam structural characteristics. A necessity exists to determine the characteristics of the spatial structure of inhomogeneous materials comprising inclusions of other material, e.g., polyurethane foam without destructing the material and analysis of each element. A methodology is elaborated for preparing highly porous plastic foam specimens and investigation of foam strut‐like structure with light microscopy (LM) by taking images in three mutually perpendicular planes. A mathematical model is developed for highly porous plastic foam for the determination of probability density functions of its building elements—polymeric struts': (a) length and (b) angles, using LM images in three mutually perpendicular planes. Computer codes are created and parameters of distribution functions for strut's length and angles are calculated using experimental data for verification. A good correspondence of the modelling results with experimental data is proved to exist. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39477.
Synergistic effects of carbon nanotubes and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets for electromagnetic interference shielding and soundproofing
Authors: Kim Myung‐Sub , Yan Jun , Joo Kyung‐Hoon , Pandey Jitendra K. , Kang Yeon‐June , Ahn Sung‐Hoon 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTPolypropylene/carbon nanotube/exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (PP/CNT/xGnP) composites have been fabricated to evaluate their electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and soundproofing. An EMI SE of 36.5 dB at 1250 MHz was measured for the 80/10/10 wt % PP/CNT/xGnP composite; its sound transmission loss was more than 5 dB higher than that for pure PP at low frequencies (520–640 Hz). These results indicate simultaneous EMI SE and soundproofing. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the microstructure and to probe synergetic effects between the CNTs and xGnPs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3947–3951, 2013
Rheological properties of neat epoxy exposed to in‐service aerospace contaminants
Authors: Moffet Mitchell L. , Saponara Valeria La 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe present an experimental study on the rheological properties of a commonly used epoxy resin system (EPIKOTE‐862 resin and EPIKURE‐W curing agent), exposed to a variety of fluids typical of aerospace operations (jet fuel, hydraulic fluids, deicing, detergents, etc.), for a period of up to 6 months, at room temperature for most conditions, and with no concurrent mechanical loading or prior degradation. The specimens were subjected to stress and frequency sweeps with a shear rheometer, while a limited set received also a temperature sweep in a range consistent with aircraft operations. Results indicate that the treated resin samples are linear viscoelastic under these testing conditions. The resin has reasonable chemical resistance to most contaminants of this study, with the exception of two commonly used detergents: an aircraft surface cleaning compound, Penair C5572, and a nonionic detergent, Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK). The durability change of the first compound appears triggered by high temperatures only, while the second compound causes a very drastic stiffness loss under several conditions. This drop of performance occurs within a 3‐months period, with no apparent color change or fracture that could prompt visual inspection and repair. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3961–3971, 2013
Low Altitude Thermal Survey by Means of an Automated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for the Detection of Archaeological Buried Structures
Authors: Poirier Nicolas , Hautefeuille Florent , Calastrenc Carine 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAirborne thermal prospecting is based on the principle that there is a fundamental difference between the thermal characteristics of buried remains and the environment in which they are buried. The French ‘Archéodrone’ project aims to combine the flexibility and low cost of using an airborne drone with the accuracy of the registration of a thermal digital camera. This combination allows the use of thermal prospection for archaeological detection at low altitude with high‐resolution information, from a microregional scale to the site scale. The first results have allowed us to assess the contribution of this technique for the detection of ancient roads, land plots boundaries, site plans and underground caves. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversible Phase Transformation at the Solid–Liquid Interface: STM Reveals
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Mei , Zeng Qing‐Dao , Wang Chen 
Published: July 2013

AbstractReversible supramolecular self‐assemblies have attracted increasing attention in nanoscience and technology during the past few years due to their potential application in the extreme miniaturization of switches and other devices. The building blocks concerned can respond structurally, electronically, optically, and mechanically to external stimuli. Herein, we focus on the recent progress of the supramolecular self‐assembly reversibly triggered by temperature, light, electric current, metal ions and protons at the solid–liquid interface. Following this general roadmap, supramolecular systems based on H‐bonds, azobenzene derivatives, triple‐decker complexes, and the guanine motif are successively discussed in this review. Notably, these reversible phase transformations can be probed by the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) technique, which has been proven as an effective tool in surface science.
Intuitions in Conflict: Preference Reversals Due to Switch Between Sensitization and Diminishing Sensitivity
Authors: Palmeira Mauricio 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTSensitization occurs when the passage of time increases the intensity of the experience. Individuals have sensitization intuitions for some unpleasant experiences such as waiting and commuting. In contrast, diminishing sensitivity indicates that the impact of each additional unit of a stimulus decreases as the magnitude of the stimulus increases. In this article, we document a new preference reversal phenomenon due to switch between these two intuitions. When considering unpleasant experiences such as waiting and commuting in a judgment task that asks individuals to consider the impact of an additional unit of time to different baselines, we find that individuals respond in a way consistent with a sensitization intuition. However, when asked to make choices involving trade‐offs between longer unpleasant experiences and other attributes, participants respond in a way contrary to their sensitization intuitions and consistent with diminishing sensitivity. We reason that the automatic use of relative differences and diminishing sensitivity occurs because it facilitates trade‐offs considerations in a typical choice task. Our hypotheses are supported in a series of four studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DXP Synthase‐Catalyzed CN Bond Formation: Nitroso Substrate Specificity Studies Guide Selective Inhibitor Design
Authors: Morris Francine , Vierling Ryan , Boucher Lauren , Bosch Jürgen , Freel Meyers Caren L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose 5‐phosphate (DXP) synthase catalyzes the first step in the nonmammalian isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway to form DXP from pyruvate and D‐glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate (D‐GAP) in a thiamin diphosphate‐dependent manner. Its unique structure and mechanism distinguish DXP synthase from its homologues and suggest that it should be pursued as an anti‐infective drug target. However, few reports describe any development of selective inhibitors of this enzyme. Here, we reveal that DXP synthase catalyzes CN bond formation and exploit aromatic nitroso substrates as active site probes. Substrate specificity studies reveal a high affinity of DXP synthase for aromatic nitroso substrates compared to the related ThDP‐dependent enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Results from inhibition and mutagenesis studies indicate that nitroso substrates bind to E. coli DXP synthase in a manner distinct from that of D‐GAP. Our results suggest that the incorporation of aryl acceptor substrate mimics into unnatural bisubstrate analogues will impart selectivity to DXP synthase inhibitors. As a proof of concept, we show selective inhibition of DXP synthase by benzylacetylphosphonate (BnAP).
Highly Efficient Quencher‐Free Molecular Beacon Systems Containing 2‐Ethynyldibenzofuran‐ and 2‐Ethynyldibenzothiophene‐Labeled 2′‐Deoxyuridine Units
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Cho Hyun Yi , Hwang Gil Tae 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe have prepared two fluorescent DNA probes—UDBFand UDBT, containing 2‐ethynyldibenzofuran and 2‐ethynyldibenzothiophene moieties, respectively, covalently attached to the base dU—and incorporated them in the central positions of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) so as to develop new types of quencher‐free linear beacon probes and investigate the effect of functionalization of the fluorene scaffold on the photophysical properties of the fluorescent ODNs. The ODNs containing adenine flanking bases (FBs) displayed a selective fluorescence “turn‐off” response to mismatched targets with guanine bases; this suggests that these probes could be used as base‐discriminating fluorescent nucleotides. On the other hand, we observed a “turn‐on” response to matched targets when the UDBFand UDBTunits of ODNs containing pyrimidine‐based FBs were positioned opposite the four natural nucleobases. In particular, an ODN incorporating UDBTand cytosine FBs has potential use in single‐nucleotide polymorphism typing.
Identification and Characterization of the Cuevaene A Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Streptomyces sp. LZ35
Authors: Jiang Yuhai , Wang Haoxin , Lu Chunhua , Ding Yanjiao , Li Yaoyao , Shen Yuemao 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGenome sequence analysis of Streptomyces sp. LZ35 has revealed a large number of secondary metabolite pathways, including one encoded in an orphan type I polyketide synthase gene cluster that contains a putative chorismatase/3‐hydroxybenzoate synthase gene. Mutagenesis and comparative metabolic profiling led to the identification of cuevaene A as the metabolic product of the gene cluster, thus making it the first 3‐HBA containing polyketide biosynthetic gene cluster described to date. Cuv10 was proven to be responsible for the conversion of chorismate into 3‐HBA; Cuv18 is speculated to be responsible for the 6‐hydroxylation of 3‐HBA during polyketide chain elongation. Additionally, several pathway‐specific regulatory factors that affect the production of cuevaene A were identified. Our results indicate that targeted inactivation of a gene followed by comparative metabolic profiling is a useful approach to identify and characterize cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters.
Transcatheter PFO closure with GORE® septal occluder: Early and mid‐term clinical results
Authors: Butera Gianfranco , Saracino Antonio , Danna Paolo , Sganzerla Paolo , Chessa Massimo , Carminati Mario 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundTranscatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a widespread procedure. However the “quest” for the ideal device is still ongoing. Here we present the procedural and early results of transcatheter closure of PFO with the GORE® Septal Occluder.MethodsThree Italian centers participated in a registry and collected data from 122 consecutive patients undergoing PFO closure by using GSO device. Indication for closure was previous stroke or transient cerebral ischemia in 110 and migraine in 12 subjects.ResultsThe procedure was successful in all patients. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia, fluoroscopic, and trans‐esophageal echocardiographic imaging in 80 subjects while it was performed with local anesthesia, fluoroscopic, and intracardiac echocardiographic monitoring in 42 subjects. Twenty patients received a 20 mm device, 70 patients received a 25 mm device, and 32 received a 30 mm device. Procedure and fluoroscopy times were 30 ± 20 and 5 ± 4 min, respectively. In three cases, the implanted device was retrieved because of unsatisfactory position. Four subjects (2.5%) experienced vascular complications. During a median follow‐up of 9 months (range 1–18 months) seven patients experienced atrial arrhythmias and four of them required medical treatment. At six months follow‐up, at chest X‐ray in two cases there was evidence of fracture of two wires of the device. Devices were stable and no treatment was required. Moderate residual shunting was found in two patients at 6‐ and 12‐months follow‐up. No other complication occurred.ConclusionGORE® Septal Occluder is an easy, safe, and effective device in closing PFO. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expanding the Scope of Laccase‐Mediator Systems
Authors: Könst Paul , Kara Selin , Kochius Svenja , Holtmann Dirk , Arends Isabel W. C. E. , Ludwig Roland , Hollmann Frank 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe laccase‐mediator system (LMS) for the regeneration of oxidised nicotinamide co‐factors was revisited to broaden the mediator scope. Among the 18 mediators screened, acetosyringone, syringaldehyde and caffeic acid excelled with respect to activity and stability under process conditions. The LMS based on the laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila and acetosyringone was further investigated and applied to promote the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)‐dependent oxidation of glucose as well as the oxidative lactonisation of 1,4‐butanediol to the corresponding γ‐butyrolactone.
Direct Amination of Bio‐Alcohols Using Ammonia
Authors: Pingen Dennis , Diebolt Olivier , Vogt Dieter 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA slightly adapted catalyst system has been successfully applied in the direct amination of primary and secondary alcohols. Moreover, the applicability to diols has been shown, giving high selectivity towards the primary diamines. It was found that the Ru/P ratio as well as the amount of ammonia used are highly important in this system, especially for higher substrate loadings. The catalyst was employed on a larger batch scale for the conversion of isomannide to the corresponding diamine. Additionally, it was shown that the catalyst is stable for at least six consecutive runs. No significant loss of activity and selectivity was observed.
Homochiral Supramolecular M2L4 Cages by High‐Fidelity Self‐Sorting of Chiral Ligands
Authors: Gütz Christoph , Hovorka Rainer , Schnakenburg Gregor , Lützen Arne 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐based bis(pyridine) ligand (1) was prepared in racemic and enantiomerically pure form to study the formation of [Pd2(1)4] complexes upon coordination to palladium(II) ions with regard to the degree of chiral self‐sorting. The self‐assembly process proceeds in a highly selective narcissistic self‐recognition manner to give only homochiral supramolecular M2L4 cages, which were characterized by ESI‐MS, NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy, as well as by single‐crystal XRD analysis.
Optimizing the Acquisition and Analysis of Confocal Images for Quantitative Single‐Mobile‐Particle Detection
Authors: Friaa Ouided , Furukawa Melissa , Shamas‐Din Aisha , Leber Brian , Andrews David W. , Fradin Cécile 
Published: July 2013

AbstractQuantification of the fluorescence properties of diffusing particles in solution is an invaluable source of information for characterizing the interactions, stoichiometry, or conformation of molecules directly in their native environment. In the case of heterogeneous populations, single‐particle detection should be the method of choice and it can, in principle, be achieved by using confocal imaging. However, the detection of single mobile particles in confocal images presents specific challenges. In particular, it requires an adapted set of imaging parameters for capturing the confocal images and an adapted event‐detection scheme for analyzing the image. Herein, we report a theoretical framework that allows a prediction of the properties of a homogenous particle population. This model assumes that the particles have linear trajectories with reference to the confocal volume, which holds true for particles with moderate mobility. We compare the predictions of our model to the results as obtained by analyzing the confocal images of solutions of fluorescently labeled liposomes. Based on this comparison, we propose improvements to the simple line‐by‐line thresholding event‐detection scheme, which is commonly used for single‐mobile‐particle detection. We show that an optimal combination of imaging and analysis parameters allows the reliable detection of fluorescent liposomes for concentrations between 1 and 100 pM. This result confirms the importance of confocal single‐particle detection as a complementary technique to ensemble fluorescence‐correlation techniques for the studies of mobile particle.
Salicylates and the Microbiota: A New Mechanistic Understanding of an Ancient Drug's Role in Dermatological and Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: Damman Christopher J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Preclinical Research

The proposed mechanism(s) of action of salicylates are as varied as their extraordinary range of clinical indications. Extracted from plant leaves since the beginning of recorded history, salicylates have been used for over 4000 years for the treatment of disease. The anti‐inflammatory and antiplatelet agent aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) was synthesized at the turn of the 20th century and paved the way for salicylates becoming the most widely used drug in the world. Its parent compound salicylic acid as well as the derivatives bismuth subsalicylate and 5‐aminosalicylate are invaluable topical treatments for many dermatological and gastrological diseases. Their mode of action is poorly understood, but a developing understanding of the role of the microbiota in diseases of the skin and intestine suggest microbial targets as a possible unifying mechanism. There is a relatively substantial and little‐known literature demonstrating the antibiofilm and antibiotic‐metabolizing effects of salicylates. A better understanding of this antimicrobial mechanism in dermatological and gastrointestinal diseases could lead to new adjunctive treatments aimed at modulating microbes rather than host inflammation.
The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic status of Populus euphratica, a drought resistant tree species from arid lands
Authors: Yang Yuhai , Chen Yaning , Cai Baiyan , Jie Weiguang , Lv Dongying 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, we isolated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from rhizosphere of Populus euphratica, naturally occurred in Tarim River Basin. We found morphologically similar few AMF spores from rhizosphere of P. euphratica under drought stress. The average AMF spore densities were 53/50 and 32/50 g in air dried soil from rhizosphere of mature and seedling of P. euphratica, respectively. The AMF spores were simple and Glomus mosseae in nature, identified by traditional morphological methods and molecular techniques. The G. mosseae fungal spores formed mainly in three different types: alone in the soil, inside of the roots or sporangium. The hypha was single and funnel‐shaped at the site of attachment. By optical microscopic observation, the vesicular structures demonstrated a formation by AMF inside the roots of P. euphratica tree. The molecular analysis data showed that a mycorrhizal symbiont was established by G. mosseae associated with P. euphratica root. Moreover, the AMF colonization rate and the infection intensity were not significant high. Specifically, the average colonization frequency (F%) and mycorrhizal infection intensity (M%) were 8.45%, 2.9% for the mature, and 8.62%, 0.3% for the young seedlings of P. euphratica, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of Poly‐ and Oligosaccharides with Os(VI)pyridine. Voltammetry of the Os(VI) Adducts Obtained by Ligand Exchange
Authors: Trefulka Mojmír , Paleček Emil 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPolysaccharides and oligosaccharides were modified with Os(VI)pyridine complex followed by ligand exchange with different ligands such as 2,2′‐bipyridine or N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine. The time of the modification was much shorter (taking about 15 min) then direct modification with the given Os(VI) complex. The resulting saccharide adducts were analyzed by voltammetric methods at carbon and mercury electrodes. The results showed that the proposed technique gives promise for a new approach to analysis of glycoproteins.
Temporal variability of waves at the proton cyclotron frequency upstream from Mars: Implications for Mars distant hydrogen exosphere
Authors: Bertucci C. , Romanelli N. , Chaufray J. Y. , Gomez D. , Mazelle C. , Delva M. , Modolo R. , González‐Galindo F. , Brain D. A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe report on the temporal variability of the occurrence of waves at the local proton cyclotron frequency upstream from the Martian bow shock from Mars Global Surveyor observations during the first aerobraking and science phasing orbit periods. Observations at high southern latitudes during minimum‐to‐mean solar activity show that the wave occurrence rate is significantly higher around perihelion/southern summer solstice than around the spring and autumn equinoxes. A similar trend is observed in the hydrogen (H) exospheric density profiles over the Martian dayside and South Pole obtained from a model including UV thermospheric heating effects. In spite of the complexity in the ion pickup and plasma wave generation and evolution processes, these results support the idea that variations in the occurrence of waves could be used to study the temporal evolution of the distant Martian H corona and its coupling with the thermosphere at altitudes currently inaccessible to direct measurements.
Magnetic topologies of an in vivo FTE observed by Double Star/TC‐1 at Earth's magnetopause
Authors: Pu Z. Y. , Raeder J. , Zhong J. , Bogdanova Y. V. , Dunlop M. , Xiao C. J. , Wang X. G. , Fazakerley A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFlux transfer events (FTEs) are magnetic flux ropes formed at planetary magnetopauses (MPs). Although evidence suggests that FTEs form through time‐dependent magnetic reconnection, details of that process and 3D structure of the flux ropes remain largely unclear. This letter presents Double Star/TC‐1 data of an FTE occurred on 7 April 2004 which show that the FTE was separated by two X‐lines moving south‐dawnward. In particular, the electron energy‐pitch angle distribution implies that the FTE was composed of flux ropes of all four possible magnetic topologies, indicating that the field lines must have reconnected multiple times. This is an intrinsic property of FTEs formed by 3D multiple X‐line reconnection distinguished from quasi 2D FTE models. This knowledge of FTE magnetic topologies helps to improve our understanding of solar wind‐ magnetosphere coupling at the MP.