bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, β-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin in human dental pulp tissue after orthodontic intrusion: A pilot study
Authors: Chavarría-Bolaños Daniel , Martinez-Zumaran Alan , Lombana Nelson , Flores-Reyes Hector , Pozos-Guillen Amaury 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:To determine the levels of two sensory neuropeptides (substance P [SP] and calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP]) and two endogenous opioids (methionine-enkephalin [Met-Enk] and β-endorphin [β-End]) in dental pulp tissue samples subjected to controlled orthodontic intrusive forces.Materials and Methods:Sixteen healthy premolars were selected from eight patients who were undergoing extraction for orthodontic purposes. Eight were randomly used as controls, and the other eight were assigned to an experimental group (controlled orthodontic intrusive forces applied for 24 hours). After this period, teeth were extracted, and pulp samples were obtained. All samples were processed to quantify the expression levels of SP, CGRP, Met-Enk, and β-End using commercial radioimmunoassay kits.Results:All samples exhibited basal levels of both neuropeptides and endogenous opioids. After 24 hours of the intrusive stimulus, all patients reported a tolerable discomfort localized at the involved premolar. Only SP was significantly increased (P &lt; .05). For the other molecules, no statistically significant differences were observed (P &gt; .05); however, they expressed important increasing trends.Conclusions:The expression levels of SP and CGRP in dental pulp samples from the experimental group support the positive correlation between the symptomatic clinical scenario and increased expression levels of neuropeptides, clarifying the role of neurogenic inflammation in early injury response.
A prospective controlled evaluation of Class II division 1 malocclusions treated with fixed lingual mandibular growth modificator
Authors: Alali Osama H. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To assess the net dentofacial effects of the fixed lingual mandibular growth modificator (FLMGM).

Materials and Methods:
The study sample comprised 38 patients with Class II/1 malocclusion and retrognathic mandible. All were in the pubertal growth spurt. Whereas FLMGM was applied to the treatment group (n  =  21, mean age  =  13.2 years), no treatment was performed on the control group (n  =  17, mean age  =  12.5 years). Skeletal and dentoalveolar changes were assessed on digital lateral cephalograms obtained at the beginning and end of the treatment/observation period of 8 months. Paired and independent t-tests were used to assess the differences within and between groups.

Results:
Maxillary growth was not affected by FLMGM treatment, which resulted in a significant overjet reduction of 4.1 mm, an increase in total mandibular length (Co-Gn) of 2.3 mm, chin advancement of 1.6°, and upper incisor retroclination of 4.0°. A reduction of 2.4° in ANB was largely due to an increase of 1.8° in SNB. Favorably, the lower incisors were obviously retroclined by 4.5°. The changes in the vertical skeletal relationships were negligible.

Conclusion:
FLMGM was effective in treating growing Class II/1 patients and produced favorable dentofacial effects, with the matched untreated sample showing minimal changes. Lower incisor retroclination was a benefit of FLMGM treatment.
Assessment of the flash flood potential of Bâsca River Catchment (Romania) based on physiographic factors
Authors: Minea Gabriel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to identify areas with high flash-flood potential based on an evaluation of physiographic factors controlling the formation of surface runoff. The research method relies on the use of the Flash Flood Potential Index (FFPI), which incorporates physiographic characteristics from the catchment (terrain slope, profile curvature, land use and soil texture). The spatial distribution of the physiographic factors (which contribute to the creation, control and concentration within the drainage network of the overland flow) and the classified zoning of areas according to their hydrological response were achieved with GIS techniques. The results obtained show that physiographic factors on 227 sq km (29%) favor surface runoff on slopes and its localization towards the drainage network. Notably, the highest values of FFPI belong to the lower part of the catchment, where high human population density can be found, reflecting an increased vulnerability to floods and inundations of this area.
Core-scale radioscopic imaging: a new method reveals density–calcium link in Antarctic firn
Authors: Freitag Johannes , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Laepple Thomas 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA new radioscopic imaging technique has been developed to measure firn density in unprecedented resolution and accuracy even when the porosity is low or the geometry of a core or piece of core is not perfect. The technique is based on an X-ray microfocus computer tomograph (ICE-CT) designed especially for ice-core applications. Applied on an archive piece of the Antarctic firn core B32 drilled in Dronning Maud Land in 1998, the obtained density profile shows a strong correlation with the calcium ion concentration as found previously in Greenland. Given the impurity–density relationship found previously in Greenland, our result suggests both improved accuracy of the new density measurements and an impurity–density relationship with a similar magnitude in Greenland to that on the Antarctic plateau. Our measurements provide first evidence that the impurity–density relationship is a universal feature of polar firn and that the calcium ion concentration can serve as a proxy to describe quantitatively the effect of the impurities on densification.
Differential Response of Regulatory and Conventional CD4+ Lymphocytes to CD3 Engagement: Clues to a Possible Mechanism of Anti-CD3 Action?
Authors: Li Li , Nishio Junko , van Maurik André , Mathis Diane , Benoist Christophe 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Several clinical trials have shown anti-CD3 treatment to be a promising therapy for autoimmune diabetes, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are likely to be involved, but through unknown mechanistic pathways. We profiled the transcriptional consequences in CD4+ Tregs and conventional T cells (Tconvs) in the first hours and days after anti-CD3 treatment of NOD mice. Anti-CD3 treatment led to a transient transcriptional response, terminating faster than most Ag-induced responses. Most transcripts were similarly induced in Tregs and Tconvs, but several were differential, in particular, those encoding the IL-7R and transcription factors Id2/3 and Gfi1, upregulated in Tregs but repressed in Tconvs. Because IL-7R was a plausible candidate for driving the homeostatic response of Tregs to anti-CD3, we tested its relevance by supplementation of anti-CD3 treatment with IL-7/anti–IL-7 complexes. Although ineffective alone, IL-7 significantly improved the rate of remission induced by anti-CD3. Four anti-human CD3 mAbs exhibited the same differential effect on IL-7R expression in human as in mouse cells, suggesting that the mechanism also underlies therapeutic effect in human cells, and perhaps a rationale for testing a combination of anti-CD3 and IL-7 for the treatment of recent-onset human type 1 diabetes. Thus, systems-level analysis of the response to anti-CD3 in the early phase of the treatment demonstrates different responses in Tregs and Tconvs, and provides new leads to a mechanistic understanding of its mechanism of action in reverting recent-onset diabetes.
Calpastatin Prevents NF-κB–Mediated Hyperactivation of Macrophages and Attenuates Colitis
Authors: Huang Zhi , Rose Aaron H. , Hoffmann FuKun W. , Hashimoto Ann S. , Bertino Pietro , Denk Tobias , Takano Jiro , Iwata Nobuhisa , Saido Takaomi C. , Hoffmann Peter R. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Calpain enzymes proteolytically modulate cellular function and have been implicated in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we found that calpain levels did not differ between intestinal tissues from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and healthy controls, but IBD tissues showed increased levels of the endogenous calpain inhibitor, calpastatin (CAST). To investigate the role of CAST in the immune system during IBD, mice were x-ray irradiated, reconstituted with either CAST-knockout (KO) or wild-type (WT) bone marrow, and subjected to dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis. CAST-KO recipients with induced colitis exhibited more severe weight loss, bloody diarrhea, and anemia compared with WT controls. Histological evaluation of colons from KO recipients with colitis revealed increased inflammatory pathology. Macrophages purified from the colons of KO recipients had higher IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ mRNA levels compared with WT controls. Mechanistic investigations using small interfering RNA and KO bone marrow to generate CAST-deficient macrophages showed that CAST deficiency during activation with bacterial pathogen associated molecular patterns, including heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis or CpG DNA, led to increased IκB cleavage, NF-κB nuclear localization, and IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. Thus, CAST plays a central role in regulating macrophage activation and limiting pathology during inflammatory disorders like IBD.
A Note on the Weierstrass Preparation Theorem in Quasianalytic Local Rings
Authors: Parusiński Adam , Rolin Jean-Philippe 
Published: August 2013

AbstractConsider quasianalytic local rings of germs of smooth functions closed under composition, implicit equation, and monomial division. We show that if theWeierstrass Preparation Theoremholds in such a ring, then all elements of it are germs of analytic functions.
Liberal Arts, Civic Life, and the Practicality Question
Authors: Bender Thomas 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Hyperspecialization in the disciplines and the rewards for that combined with the growing mantra for first job preparation are double threats to liberal teaching and learning. Given that circumstance, the sorts of synthetic lecture classes in the humanities and social sciences that once provided the foundations of liberal learning have evaporated. Rather than lamenting what we can no longer do, we might rethink what we can do with our hyperspecialists and the desire for practicality in liberal education.
Synthesis of Cyclobutanones via Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidative Rearrangement of Homopropargylic Ethers
Authors: Xu Mei , Ren Tian‐Tian , Wang Kai‐Bing , Li Chuan‐Ying 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn the presence of a gold catalyst and 8‐ethylquinoline N‐oxide, a homopropargylic ether bearing an electron‐rich aromatic ring or an alkenyl group can be converted into a cis‐cyclobutanone smoothly. An α‐oxo gold carbenoid is proved to be the key intermediate, and it can evolve into an oxonium ylide.magnified image
Design and evaluation of a lyophilized liposomal gel of an antiviral drug for intravaginal delivery
Authors: Manne Navya , Yadav Hemant K. S. , Kumar S. Hemanth , Khom Tashi Chojjom , Kumar N. Sankeerth 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTLiposomes of antiviral drug(acyclovir) prepared by rotary evaporation method were incorporated into two bioadhesive polymers, carbopol and HPMC and freeze dried to obtain a unit dosage form. The liposomes, liposomal gels and freeze dried rods were evaluated for various parameters. TEM analysis showed the formation of unilamellar liposomes with a mean diameter ranging from 0.9 μm to 1.2 μm. As the cholesterol content increases from 0.5% to 2%w/w, the entrapment efficiency and vesicle size increased. Carbopol gels exhibited higher viscosity, spreadability, mucoadhesiveness than HPMC gels. The redipsersion of freeze dried forms in SVF was found to be slow and its ex‐vivo retention time was found to be 12 hrs while acyclovir gel retained only for 8.25 hrs. The tablet and gel released 96.93±0.15% acyclovir within 6 hrs and 92.31±0.31% by 8 hrs respectively while freeze dried forms could sustain the release upto 12 hrs. From the stability studies the optimum storage condition was found to be 4‐8°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39804.
New Epoxy/Jeffamine networks modified with ionic liquids
Authors: Soares Bluma G. , Silva Adriana A. , Livi Sebastien , Duchet‐Rumeau Jannick , Gerard Jean‐François 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDiglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A/Jeffamine D400 system was modified with 2.5 and 5.0 phr of ionic liquids based on imidazolium and phosphonium cations denoted N,N ′‐dioctadecyl‐imidazolium iodide, or octadecyl‐triphenylphosphonium iodide, [OdTPP][I], aiming to develop new networked materials with enhanced performance particularly in terms of mechanical properties and conductivity. The curing behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, suggesting that the presence of ionic liquids (ILs) accelerates the curing process of the epoxy system. Then, the networked materials were analyzed by dynamic mechanical analysis, and mechanical testing. The presence of the ILs did not affect the glass transition temperature but resulted in a decrease on the storage modulus. By transmission electron microscopy, we have highlighted that the ILs are not miscible inside the epoxy matrix. In fact, a phase separation in nanometric scale has been observed. Measurements of conductivity revealed that the system modified with [OdTPP][I] presented higher dielectric constant and higher electrical conductivity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39834.
Preceramic polymer‐derived SiOC fibers by electrospinning
Authors: Guo Anran , Roso Martina , Modesti Michele , Liu Jiachen , Colombo Paolo 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTSilicon oxycarbide (SiOC) fibers with different chemical compositions were successfully fabricated by electrospinning a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and commercially available polymethylsilsesquioxane (MK) or polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane (H44) preceramic polymers, followed by cross‐linking and pyrolysis at 1000°C in Argon. The influence of the processing procedure (solvent selection, cross‐linking catalyst and additives) on the morphology of the produced fibers was investigated. For the MK/isopropanol system, the introduction of 20 vol% N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) enabled to decrease the diameter of the as‐spun fibers from 2.72 ± 0.12 μm to 1.65 ± 0.09 μm. For the H44/DMF systems, beads‐free fibers were obtained by adding 50 vol% choloroform. After pyrolysis, the resultant SiOC fibers derived from MK and H44 resins possessed uniform morphology, with an average diameter of 0.97 ± 0.07 μm and 1.07 ± 0.08 μm, respectively. Due to their different chemical compositions, the MK‐derived and H44‐derived SiOC ceramic fibers could find different potential applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39836.
Study on preparation and properties of PVA‐SA‐PHB‐AC composite carrier for microorganism immobilization
Authors: Li Ting , Ren Yuan , Wei Chaohai 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPolyvinyl alcohol(PVA) bead crosslinked with boric acid has been widely utilized as a microorganism immobilization carrier. However, it has some disadvantages such as drastic cell viability loss, small adsorption capacity and mass transfer limitation. To improve upon these drawbacks, a new method to prepare PVA composite pieces with the addition of activated carbon (AC) and poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate(PHB) was explored through a combination of freezing/thawing and the boric acid method and by using Tween‐80 to improve the mass transfer performance of hydrophobic organics. m‐Cresol and pyrene were used as representative compounds with benzene ring structures to model hydrophilic and hydrophobic organics in order to test the performance of PVA pieces. The results showed that, compared with the boric acid method alone, a combination of freezing/thawing and the boric acid method led to a decrease in total organic carbon(TOC) loss from 0.315 g g−1 to 0.033 g g−1 and increased the oxygen uptake rate(OUR) of microorganisms from 0.03 mg L−1·min−1 to 0.22 mg L−1 min−1. The m‐cresol equilibrium adsorption amount of the PVA‐SA(sodium alginate)‐PHB‐AC piece was 2.80 times that of the PVA‐SA piece. The diffusion coefficient of pyrene in the PVA‐SA‐PHB‐AC piece increased from 0.53×10−9 m2 min−1 to 2.30×10−9 m2 min−1 with increasing concentrations of Tween‐80 from 1000 mg L−1 to 5000 mg L−1. The PVA‐SA‐PHB‐AC composite carrier demonstrated great scope for immobilizing microorganisms for practical wastewater bio‐treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39837.
Fishery benefits from behavioural modification of fishes in periodically harvested fisheries closures
Authors: Januchowski‐Hartley Fraser A. , Cinner Joshua E. , Graham Nicholas A. J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPeriodically harvested fisheries closures are widely implemented across the South Pacific as a conservation and fisheries management tool. There is a lack of information on the mechanisms and effectiveness of this management system in meeting fisheries and ecosystem sustainability goals.A before‐after‐control‐impact (BACI) pair design, was used to quantify flight initiation distance (FID), and biomass of two fishery‐target (Acanthuridae and Scaridae) and one non‐target (Chaetodontidae) families in two periodically harvested closures, two no‐take marine reserves, and two open fished areas, prior to and after harvest of the periodically harvested closures. Creel surveys were used to quantify catch per unit effort (CPUE) in open fishing grounds, and during the periodic harvests.Before harvest, FID of targeted families was higher in fished areas than periodically harvested areas. After harvest, Acanthuridae FID in periodically harvested closures increased significantly to beyond the maximum effective range of spearguns. Total biomass of fishes was lower in fished areas than areas under either type of management. Acanthuridae biomass in the periodically harvested closures was similar to fished areas, and lower than in the no‐take reserves. There was no difference post‐harvest for either total or Acanthuridae biomass.CPUE was higher for fishing trips inside the periodically harvested closures than regular fishing activities. Fishes were generally larger in catches from periodically harvested closures, but this was not sufficient to account for the increase in CPUE, particularly of the Acanthuridae, which were significantly more abundant in the harvest catch.When fishes are protected temporarily from fishing, their wariness decreases, which makes them more easily catchable when fishing is reinstated. This study shows that fish behavioural change is an important and overlooked benefit of periodically harvested closures. However, differences in the magnitude of behavioural changes between fishery‐target families may result in contrasting outcomes of periodically harvested management regimes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyses of new short‐lived replacements for HFCs with large GWPs
Authors: Wuebbles Donald J. , Wang Dong , Patten Kenneth O. , Olsen Seth C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this study, we examine the atmospheric lifetimes and Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) for six short‐lived potential ozone‐depleting substances and high‐GWP hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) replacement compounds and evaluate the potential reduced effects on climate forcing from adopting such compounds. We also examine the potential effects on climate from widespread use of these chemicals. The atmospheric lifetimes of these compounds are each less than 1 month and their 100 year GWPs range from 0.9 to 4.6. The derived GWPs are substantially lower than those in prior published studies, which used simplified estimation techniques that overestimate the GWPs for these short‐lived compounds by 61% to 237%. If long‐lived HFCs are completely replaced with these substitute compounds, radiative forcing of these short‐lived compounds in 2050 will be 0.26 to 0.80 mW m−2, a factor of as much as 1000 smaller than would be the case with the potential growth in the use of the HFCs.
Westerly wind bursts and the diversity of ENSO in CCSM3 and CCSM4
Authors: Lopez Hosmay , Kirtman Ben P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of parameterized westerly wind bursts (WWBs) on the diversity of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warm events, namely, eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) ENSO in Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) and version 4 (CCSM4). The parameterization includes the possibility of state‐independent (SI) and state‐dependent (SD) WWBs. The inclusion of WWBs enhances the overall tropical Pacific variability. This is accompanied by an increased in the so‐called thermocline and advective feedback mechanisms. The SI WWB results present some model discrepancies, with CCSM3 (CCSM4) having enhanced CP (EP) ENSO variability. For the SD WWB case, both models show enhanced EP variability relative to CP variability.
Multi‐institutional investigation of the prognostic value of lymph nodel yield in advanced‐stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jaber James J. , Zender Chad A. , Mehta Vikas , Davis Kara , Ferris Robert L. , Lavertu Pierre , Rezaee Rod , Feustel Paul J. , Johnson Jonas T. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough existing literature provides surgical recommendations for treating occult disease (cN0) in early‐stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a focus on late‐stage oral cavity SCC is less pervasive.MethodsThe medical records of 162 patients with late‐stage oral cavity SCC pN0 who underwent primary neck dissections were reviewed. Lymph node yield as a prognosticator was examined.ResultsDespite being staged pN0, patients that had a higher lymph node yield had an improved regional/distant control rates, disease‐free survival (DFS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). Lymph node yield consistently outperformed all other standard variables as being the single best prognostic factor with a tight risk ratio range (RR = 0.95–0.98) even when correcting for the number of lymph nodes examined.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that lower regional recurrence rates and improved survival outcomes were seen as lymph node yield increased for advanced T classification oral cavity SCC pN0. This suggests that increasing lymph node yield with an extended cervical lymphadenectomy may result in lower recurrence rates and improved survival outcomes for this advanced stage group. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1446–1452, 2014