bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of time to death among under-five children in pastoral regions of Ethiopia: A retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Hagos Bsrat Tesfay , Gebrerufael Gebru Gebremeskel 
Published: July 2024

Background
In Ethiopia, the mortality rate for children under five is a public health concern. Regretfully, the problem is notably underestimated and underreported, making it impossible to fully recognize how serious the situation is in the nation’s developing regions. Unfortunately, no single study has been conducted to reveal the rates and predictor factors of under-five child death in Ethiopia’s pastoral regions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the critical variables that led to a shorter survival time to death for children in Ethiopia’s pastoral regions under the age of five.

Methods
Between January 18 and June 27, 2016, a retrospective follow-up study was done among under-five children in pastoral areas of Ethiopia. The statistically significant difference between categorical predictors was shown using the log-rank test, and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to determine the survival time. In order to identify the time-to-death predictor factors in children under five, Cox proportional hazards (PH) model analyses of bivariable and multivariable variables were fitted.

Results
A total 7,677 children were included in the study. The overall incidence rate of under-five mortality was 8.4% (95% CI 7.77%, 9.0%). In the multivariable Cox PH model analysis, children vaccinated (AHR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.88), mothers aged 35–40 (AHR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.52), and above 41 (AHR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.59, 2.98), not initiating exclusively breastfeeding (AHR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.55), the agriculture sector of the mother’s occupation (AHR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.74, 3.31), the male sex of the household head (AHR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.81), non-anemic child (AHR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.83), and rural residence (AHR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.45, 7.38) were identified as main predictors of time to death among under-five children.

Conclusions
In this study, the authors found a higher rate of under-five deaths than the national figure. A child vaccinated, exclusively breastfeeding, mother’s occupation, sex of household head, anemic child, mother’s age, and residence were found to be the most influential predictors for time-to-death. Therefore, to lower the high incidence of under-five mortality, the government should focus on the pastoral regional states of Ethiopia.
Associations of psychosocial factors and cardiovascular health measured by Life’s Essential 8: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Authors: Peter-Marske Kennedy M. , Kucharska-Newton Anna , Wong Eugenia , Mok Yejin , Palta Priya , Lutsey Pamela L. , Rosamond Wayne 
Published: July 2024

Aims
Few studies investigate whether psychosocial factors (social isolation, social support, trait anger, and depressive symptoms) are associated with cardiovascular health, and none with the American Heart Association’s new definition of cardiovascular health, Life’s Essential 8 (LE8). Therefore, we assessed the cross-sectional associations of psychosocial factors with Life’s Essential 8 and individual components of Life’s Essential 8.

Methods
We included 11,311 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort participants (58% females; 23% Black; mean age 57 (standard deviation: 6) years) who attended Visit 2 (1990–1992) in this secondary data analysis using cross-sectional data from the ARIC cohort study. Life’s Essential 8 components included diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep quality, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure. Life’s Essential 8 was scored per the American Heart Association definition (0–100 range); higher scores indicate better cardiovascular health. Associations of categories (high, moderate, and low) of each psychosocial factor with continuous Life’s Essential 8 score and individual Life’s Essential 8 components were assessed using multivariable linear regressions.

Results
11% of participants had high Life’s Essential 8 scores (80–100), while 67% and 22% had moderate (50–79) and low Life’s Essential 8 scores (0–49) respectively. Poor scores on psychosocial factor assessments were associated with lower Life’s Essential 8 scores, with the largest magnitude of association for categories of depressive symptoms (low β = Ref.; moderate β = -3.1, (95% confidence interval: -3.7, -2.5; high β = -8.2 (95% confidence interval: -8.8, -7.5)). Most psychosocial factors were associated with Life’s Essential 8 scores for diet, physical activity, nicotine, and sleep, but psychosocial factors were not associated with body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, or blood pressure.

Conclusion
Less favorable measures of psychosocial health were associated with lower Life’s Essential 8 scores compared better measures of psychosocial health among middle-aged males and females.
Apixaban plasma concentrations before and after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Aakerøy Rachel , Loennechen Jan Pål , Dyrkorn Roar , Lydersen Stian , Helland Arne , Spigset Olav 
Published: July 2024

Background
Catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation is associated with a transient increase in thromboembolic risk and adequate anticoagulation is highly important. When patients are anticoagulated with apixaban, monitoring of plasma concentrations of the drug is not routinely performed. This study aimed to assess the influence of clinical patient characteristics, concomitant drug treatment and self-reported adherence on apixaban concentrations, and to describe the intra- and inter-individual variability in apixaban concentrations in this group of patients.
Method
Apixaban concentrations from 141 patients were measured in plasma one week before ablation and two, six and ten weeks after ablation, employing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. In samples not obtained at trough, apixaban concentrations were adjusted to trough levels. Self-reported adherence was registered by means of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale before and after ablation.

Results
There were statistically significant, positive correlations between apixaban concentrations and increased age, female sex, lower glomerular filtration rate, higher CHA2DS2-VASc score, use of cytochrome P450 3A4 and/or p-glycoprotein inhibitors, and use of amiodarone. Self-reported adherence was generally high. The mean intra-individual and inter-individual coefficients of variation were 29% and 49%, respectively.

Conclusion
In patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, age, sex, renal function, interacting drugs and cerebrovascular risk profile were all associated with altered plasma apixaban concentration. In this group of patients with a generally high self-reported adherence, intra-individual variability was modest, but the inter-individual variability was substantial, and similar to those previously reported in other patient apixaban-treated populations. If a therapeutic concentration range is established, there might be a need for a more flexible approach to apixaban dosing, guided by therapeutic drug monitoring.
Key influences on dysglycemia across Fujian’s urban-rural divide
Authors: Lin LiHan , Hu XiangJu , Liu XiaoYang , Hu GuoPeng 
Published: July 2024

Background
Screening and treatment of dysglycemia (prediabetes and diabetes) represent significant challenges in advancing the Healthy China initiative. Identifying the crucial factors contributing to dysglycemia in urban-rural areas is essential for the implementation of targeted, precise interventions.

Methods
Data for 26,157 adults in Fujian Province, China, were collected using the Social Factors Special Survey Form through a multi-stage random sampling method, wherein 18 variables contributing to dysglycemia were analyzed with logistic regression and the random forest model.

Objective
Investigating urban-rural differences and critical factors in dysglycemia prevalence in Fujian, China, with the simultaneous development of separate predictive models for urban and rural areas.

Result
The detection rate of dysglycemia among adults was 35.26%, with rates of 34.1% in urban areas and 35.8% in rural areas. Common factors influencing dysglycemia included education, age, BMI, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. For rural residents, higher income (OR = 0.80, 95% CI [0.74, 0.87]), average sleep quality (OR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.80, 0.99]), good sleep quality (OR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.80, 1.00]), and high physical activity (PA) (OR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.79, 0.96]) emerged as protective factors. Conversely, a daily sleep duration over 8 hours (OR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.03, 1.28]) and middle income (OR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.03, 1.22]) were specific risk factors. In urban areas, being male (OR = 1.14, 95% CI [1.02, 1.26]), cohabitation (OR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.02, 1.37]), and central obesity (OR = 1.35, 95% CI [1.19, 1.53]) were identified as unique risk factors. Using logistic regression outcomes, a random forest model was developed to predict dysglycemia, achieving accuracies of 75.35% (rural) and 76.95% (urban) with ROC areas of 0.77 (rural) and 0.75 (urban).

Conclusion
This study identifies key factors affecting dysglycemia in urban and rural Fujian residents, including common factors such as education, age, BMI, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Notably, rural-specific protective factors are higher income and good sleep quality, while urban-specific risk factors include being male and central obesity. These findings support the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies for dysglycemia, tailored to the unique characteristics of urban and rural populations.
Marveling Religion: Critical Discourses, Religion, and the Marvel Cinematic Universe, Jennifer Baldwin and Daniel White Hodge (eds) (2022)
Authors: Nairn Angelique 
Published: July 2024

Review of: Marveling Religion: Critical Discourses, Religion, and the Marvel Cinematic Universe, Jennifer Baldwin and Daniel White Hodge (eds) (2022)
London: Lexington, 285 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-79362-139-9, h/bk, AUD 168.85
ISBN 978-1-79362-139-9, e-book, AUD 70.59
The News Event: Popular Sovereignty in the Age of Deep Mediatization, Francis Cody (2023)
Authors: Mahadevan Sudhir 
Published: July 2024

Review of: The News Event: Popular Sovereignty in the Age of Deep Mediatization, Francis Cody (2023)
Chicago, IL and London: University of Chicago Press, 260 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-22682-472-7, p/bk, $27.50

Media and the Constitution of the Political: South Asia and Beyond, Ravi Vasudevan (ed.) (2022)
New Delhi: Sage Publications and Spectrum, 335 pp.,
ISBN 978-9-35479-076-8, p/bk, ₹795
Lahore Cinema: Between Realism and Fable, Iftikhar Dadi (2022)
Authors: Ahmad Aqeel 
Published: July 2024

Review of: Lahore Cinema: Between Realism and Fable, Iftikhar Dadi (2022)
Seattle: University of Washington Press, 238 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-29575-081-1, p/bk, $32
Zur Gestaltung, Adressierung und Abgrenzung regionaler Sprachgeschichtserzählungen am Beispiel Schleswig-Holsteins
Authors: Langhanke Robert 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Regionale Sprachgeschichtsschreibung mit dem Ziel einer Überblicksdarstellung muss konkurrierende Einteilungskriterien berücksichtigen, ohne den regionalen Fokus aus dem Blick zu verlieren. Einzelvarietäten- und mehrsprachigkeitsorientierte Ansätze stehen sich gegenüber und lassen die Frage der sprachräumlichen Einteilung sekundär erscheinen gegenüber der Entscheidung zur Darstellung bestimmter Varietäten und ihrer Datenquellen. Das vorhandene Material wird zu einer möglichst konsistenten Sprachgeschichtserzählung geformt. Abhängig von umgebenden gesellschaftlichen Diskursen erweisen sich diese Sprachgeschichtserzählungen als zeitgebunden. Eine wechselhafte politische und territoriale Entwicklung lässt die Region Schleswig-Holstein für eine Diskussion zur Strukturierung und Adressierung regionaler Sprachgeschichtserzählungen prädestiniert erscheinen.
Regionale Sprachgeschichte als regionale Systemgeschichte
Authors: Pheiff Jeffrey 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag verfolgt den Ansatz der strukturellen Dialektologie, um das Inventar an Varianten und deren Distribution im Kleinraum des (historischen) Westdeutschen zu beschreiben, um so einen Beitrag zur regionalen Sprachgeschichte im Sinne von Eickmans (1998 & 2003) zu geben. Fokussiert werden zwei Phänomenbereiche der dialektalen (Morpho-)Syntax: pronominale Partitivität und Vergleichskonstruktionen. Mit Hilfe des Diasystem-Konzepts wird – über isolierte Formen hinaus – die räumliche Verbreitung von dialektalen Subsystemen herausgearbeitet. Die Befunde werden vor dem Hintergrund der Forschungsliteratur diachron interpretiert.1
Phonemkollision von altdeutschen und frühneuhochdeutschen Diphthongen in hessischen Dialekten? – Rekonstruktion der Prozessstadien
Authors: Lang Vanessa 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, den Phonemzusammenfall der in der fnhd. Diphthongierung entstandenen Laute ai – au mit den Altdiphthongen ei – ou in der Mündlichkeit zu rekonstruieren. Untersucht werden die velaren Reihenglieder der beiden Lautreihen. Die Analyse wird anhand von vereinfacht nachgezeichneten Sprachkarten der Dialekte in Hessen auf der Grundlage des Sprachatlas des Deutschen Reichs von Georg Wenker durchgeführt. Es soll dargelegt werden, dass sich der Phonemzusammenfall der beiden Diphthongreihen, entgegen der ursprünglichen Annahme der Sprachgeschichtsforschung, in der Mündlichkeit vorbereitet hatte, um sich in der Schrift- und Standardsprache durchzusetzen.
Modeling L2 motivation change and its predictive effects on learning behaviors in the extramural digital context: a quantitative investigation in China
Authors: Liu Guangxiang Leon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Language learning in the extramural digital (ED) context has recently gained momentum because it focuses on second language (L2) learners’ autonomous, unstructured, online learning activities beyond the classroom. Drawing upon Dörnyei’s L2 motivational self system (including the ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, and L2 learning experience) to operationalize L2 learners’ motivational mindsets, this study aims to investigate whether L2 English learners’ ought-to L2 self can be translated into their ideal L2 self and predict learning behaviors within the ED context. Survey data from 310 undergraduate students in a top-tier Chinese university were collected and analyzed following a structural equation modeling approach. The results indicate that participants’ ought-to L2 self can facilitate the development of their ideal L2 self only through the full mediation effect of the L2 learning experience in the ED environment. Also, while students’ ought-to L2 self cannot directly predict their motivated learning behaviors in the ED context, there exists a significant indirect impact through the joint mediation of the L2 learning experience and ideal L2 self. These findings contribute to the ongoing conversation about L2 motivational dynamics by unveiling the conversion and interaction of different L2 motivational forces in digital and out-of-class settings.
The crystal structure of (3-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylato-κ
2
O, O′)-(2,2′-dipyridyl-κ
2
N,N′)lead(II), C20H12Cl2N2O4S2Pb
Authors: Zhang Zhongyu , Fu Chunhua , Sun Wan , Dong Chunmeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
C20H12Cl2N2O4S2Pb, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.2710(4) Å, b = 16.7810(4) Å, c = 9.6857(2) Å, β = 96.5550(1)°, V = 2142.91(9) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0314, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0807, T = 150.0 K.
Crystal structure of thiocyanate-κ1
N-bis(μ1-2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol oxime-κ2
N,O)-manganese(III) acetonitrile solvate, C21H21MnN6O6S
Authors: Chen Shu-Yang , Shi Zhen-Zhen , Ma Meng-Rui , Yan Yan-Chen , Li Yi-Xuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
C21H21MnN6O6S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.093(3) Å, b = 23.810(5) Å, c = 7.9852(17) Å, β = 106.882(4)°, V = 2,382.1(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0498, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1299, T = 296(2) K.
Cocrystal structure of progesterone-isophthalic acid, C25H33O4
Authors: Wang Peiyu , Sun Ruiqin , Yang Xuguang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
C25H33O4, monoclinic, I2 (no. 5), a = 15.8319 Å, b = 7.4609 Å, c = 19.2676 Å, β = 103.162°, V = 2216.11(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0323, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0936, T = 297(7) K.
The crystal structure of 3-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one, C17H12FN3O
Authors: Ni Hang-Cheng , Zhao Min , Li Wen-An , Liu Zhen-Xiang , Shao Ling-Li , Chen Miao-Miao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
C17H12FN3O, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 14.7608(7) Å, b = 7.2802(4) Å, c = 24.4842(13) Å, V = 2,631.1(2) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0900, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1841, T = 170 K.
Power relations among actors in laying hen business in Indonesia: A MACTOR analysis
Authors: Makmun Makmun , Fahmid Imam Mujahidin , Ali Muhammad Saleh S. , Saud Yamin M. , Rahmadanih Rahmadanih 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
According to their respective positions, participants at the local, regional, and global actors within the poultry farming sector play strategic roles according to their respective positions. While these roles may integrate and overlap, they can also generate conflicts of interest at both the actor and institutional levels. This study analyses the actors and power relations in laying hen farming in Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The data were collected using structured interview techniques (interview guides and Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts: Tactics, Objectives and Recommendations questionnaires), observation, documentation, and focus group discussions. The research informants were chosen deliberately based on various sources including farmers, farmer groups, cooperative, central and local government, companies, and traders. This was in addition to informants obtained using the snowball sampling technique such as middlemen, poultry shops (PSs) and other additional breeders. Data validity was determined using source triangulation and method triangulation. The results revealed that the individuals and entities engaged in layer hen farming encompass a diverse range of actors. These include farmers of various scales (small, medium, and large), institutions such as farmer groups and cooperatives, governmental bodies at both central and regional levels, industry representatives such as companies, PSs, distributors involved in producing and marketing day-old chick (DOC), feed, medicines, and vaccines, as well as market participants including local traders and traders operating across different regions. Small-scale and medium-scale farmers have the strongest relationships due to their high dependence on inputs such as DOC, feed, vaccines, and access to markets. The presence of various actors and power relations in laying hen business institutions creates both collaboration and competition in the supply of DOCs, animal feed, medicine, and even in the marketing of eggs from a food security and sustainability perspective.
Padrões sonoros emergentes: (oclusiva alveolar + sibilante) no português brasileiro
Authors: Silva Thaïs Cristófaro , Leite Camila 
Published: July 2024

Este artigo analisa encontros consonantais do tipo oclusiva alveolar seguida de sibilante - ou seja, [ts,tz,ds,dz] - que ocorrem no PB como padrões sonoros emergentes. Pretendemos argumentar que a emergência das sequências consonantais [ts,tz,ds,dz] decorre da interação de vários percursos gramaticais que interagem entre si como um Sistema Adaptativo Complexo (SAC). Nesta perspectiva um fenômeno está em constante interação com diversos fatores que interagem no sistema. É o conjunto das interações que promove a emergência e a consolidação de um determinado fenômeno. Sugerimos que os percursos gramaticais envolvidos na emergência das sequências consonantais [ts,tz,ds,dz] são: 1) competição entre oclusivas alveolares e africadas; 2) conflito entre manter e suprimir a marca morfológica de plural /S/; 3) estabilidade de /S/ em final de palavra quando comparado a outras consoantes (paz, pires); 4) redução segmental em ambiente postônico, especialmente da vogal[i]; 5) padrões inovadores em itens lexicais específicos (tórax, bíceps), neologismos, empréstimos com encontros consonantais com [ks] em final de palavra e 6) emergência de encontros consonantais.
Formação do inventário fonológico de uma criança à luz do Modelo Padrão de Aquisição de Contrastes
Authors: Marques Tayse Feliciano , Lazzarotto-Volcão Cristiane 
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho pretende analisar dados linguísticos de uma criança no período de 1:2 a 1:5 de idade, a fim de verificar a formação do seu inventário fonológico, bem como identificar as coocorrências de traços presentes em sua gramática responsáveis pelos contrastes estabelecidos. Toma-se como modelo de análise o PAC — Modelo Padrão de Aquisição de Contraste (LAZZAROTTO-VOLCÃO, 2009), construído a partir dos Princípios Fonológicos Baseados em Traços propostos por Clements (2009). Verificou-se que o PAC é capaz de explicar o inventário fonológico do informante em fase inicial de aquisição. Ao final, faz-se uma discussão dos princípios fonológicos postulados por Clements (2009), para as fonologias das línguas, em relação aos dados da criança estudada.
A doutrina do Império da Eloquência: Antônio Vieira e os escravos etíopes
Authors: Da Silva Felipe Lima 
Published: July 2024

Este artigo pretende refletir acerca do modus faciendi da oratória sacra do Padre Antônio Vieira em alguns Sermões do Rosário, que se ampara no paralelo entre os artifícios retóricos e o paradigma pictural, compreendidos, aqui, como os elementos principais da lógica do Ut pictura poiesis. Assim, será discutido o evento da condução dos sentidos do discurso realizado pelo pregador que busca circunscrever o páthos do auditório – preenchido por escravos etíopes e senhores – por meio de uma aguda retórica da “consolação”.
Racismo y crítica literaria
Authors: Cortazzo Uruguay 
Published: July 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar, primeiramente, um esboço de uma teoria sobre a relação entre literatura e racismo na América Latina. Posteriormente, se ilustram possibilidades de investigação que apresenta este enfoque. Se conclui com a afirmação de que o racismo não pode ser considerado simplesmente uma atitude preconceituosa de determinados grupos, mas sim um complexo ideológico mutante que determina tanto a formação como a compreensão do fenômeno “América Latina”. A compreensão da literatura deve, necessariamente, levar em consideração a categoria racial como mais uma das variáveis que determinam as estéticas latino-americanas.