bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational Clustering of Under-Five Mortality: A Cohort Perspective in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Smith-Greenaway Emily , Weitzman Abigail , Lin Yingyi , Huss Katarina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A burgeoning demographic literature documents the exceedingly high rates at which contemporary cohorts of women across the Global South experience the death of their children—even amid historic declines in child mortality. Yet, the patterning of maternal bereavement remains underinvestigated, as does the extent to which it replicates across generations of the same family. To that end, we ask: Are the surviving daughters of bereaved mothers more likely to eventually experience maternal bereavement? How does the intergenerational clustering of maternal bereavement vary across countries and cohorts? To answer these questions, we make use of Demographic and Health Survey Program data from 50 low- and middle-income countries, encompassing data on 1.05 million women and their mothers spanning three decadal birth cohorts. Descriptive results demonstrate that maternal bereavement is increasingly patterned intergenerationally across cohorts, with most women experiencing the same fate as their mothers. Multivariable hazard models further show that, on average, women whose mothers were maternally bereaved have significantly increased odds of losing a child themselves. In most countries, the association is stable across cohorts; however, in select countries, the risk associated with having a bereaved mother is shrinking among more recent birth cohorts.
Measuring progress on health and well-being in the Eastern Mediterranean Region via voluntary national reviews, 2016–2021: What does the data reveal?
Authors: Mabry Ruth M. , Doctor Henry V. , Khair Mina N. , Abdelgalil Maha , Rashidian Arash 
Published: July 2024

Background
Country submission of Voluntary National Reviews is the formal mechanism to report on progress of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite strong political commitment to strong information systems, large data gaps exist in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Methods
This study aims to review reports submitted by countries in the region to assess the comprehensiveness of reporting on the health-reported SDG targets and indicators. We conducted a content analysis of reports submitted between 2016 and 2021 of 18 countries of the region. The review focused on progress on the SDGs by assessing i) the reporting on the 50 health-related targets and indicators ii) data availability using the WHO reporting framework, and iii) data availability based on source of information. Spreadsheets were developed and used to extract data and facilitate content analysis.

Results
All reports confirmed that SDG monitoring and reporting mechanisms have been established, however, only 11 reported on all 17 SDGs and 8 explicitly mentioned country specific 2030 targets. Many reports identified data availability as a key challenge to SDG monitoring; for the health SDG, data availability ranged from 48% to 93% among the five countries reporting this figure. Comprehensiveness of reporting varied by type of indicator (maternal, child and infant mortality were the most common) and by country income level (greater reporting by high income countries).

Conclusions
Significant work remains to enhance information systems across the region to monitor progress and guide actions to achieve the health-related SDGs. Strengthening health information systems regulatory frameworks, data collection capacities including strengthening civil registration and vital statistics and population-based surveys are key steps to enhancing access to quality data which in turn can contribute to achieving the health-related SDGs.
Condom use across casual and committed relationships: The role of relationship characteristics
Authors: Godinho Cristina A. , Pereira Cícero Roberto , Pegado Ana , Luz Rita , Alvarez Maria-João 
Published: July 2024

Background
While the existence of a complex variety of casual sexual relationships (CSRs) has been acknowledged, studies rarely describe the prevalence of condom use across these relationships or how their hybrid nature, specifically relationship characteristics, affect condom use. This study aims to describe condom use within committed relationships and various types of casual sexual relationships (CSRs), examining the influence of relationship characteristics on condom use among culturally validated relationship types (committed, friends with benefits, hookups, booty call).

Methods
Emerging adults (N = 728, 18–29 years, M = 22.56; SD = 3.01) completed a survey with four blocks: sociodemographics; brief sexual history; relationships over the previous year; and current relationship, assessing relationship type, ten relationship characteristics (e.g., commitment, emotional and sexual exclusivity, partner acquaintance, sexual involvement) and condom use (vaginal, oral, and anal), operationalized by three measures (use at last encounter, likert-type scale and percentage of use).

Results
The results showed patterns in condom use by relationship type and illuminated how relationship characteristics—grouped into three factors: commitment, intimacy, and sexuality—mediate condom use. Condom use was more frequent in vaginal than anal and oral sex, and less frequent in committed relationships. No significant differences were found in condom use in vaginal sex between committed relationships and hookups, with condom in these relationships being significantly lower than in booty call. Intimacy mediated between all contrasts tested and condom use in vaginal sex, while sexuality mediated between committed vs. CSRs and condom use in anal and oral sex.

Conclusions
Findings point to the need of considering the diversity of CSRs for understanding condom use and highlight the role of intimacy as a relevant mechanism associated with condom use in vaginal sex and of sexuality in oral and anal sex, which should be taken into consideration in the tailoring of health promoting efforts.
Patient perspective on psoriasis: Psychosocial burden of psoriasis and its management in Malaysia
Authors: Affandi Azura Mohd , Thiruchelvam K. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Psoriasis is a chronic erythematous inflammatory skin disorder. The major challenge with psoriasis is delayed diagnosis, resulting in delayed treatment initiation and reduced quality of life (QoL).

Objective
This patient perspective study aimed to explore the emotional and psychosocial burdens faced by patients with psoriasis in Malaysia and their attitudes toward current psoriasis treatment.

Methods
Adult patients with mild or moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, preferably with concomitant psoriatic arthritis, participated in a patient advisory board meeting along with a senior consultant dermatologist. Patients had to describe their initial symptoms, time of diagnosis, misdiagnosis, treatment initiation delays, treatment course, flare-ups, psychosocial impact, and QoL associated with psoriasis.

Results
The 11 participating patients had a mean age of 46 years with mean age of psoriasis diagnosis and an average year of suffering with psoriasis being 21.9 years and 24.5 years, respectively. The most common initial symptom of psoriasis was itching (62.5%), particularly of the scalp followed by itchiness and red patches on skin. Most patients (90%) reported initial misdiagnosis with other skin diseases by their primary care physicians (PCPs), which led to delayed treatment initiation. Most patients reported an emotional impact of psoriasis, including low self-esteem (18%), lack of confidence (27%), shock (18%), sadness (9%), and outrage (9%). Social discrimination/stigmatization in public places and at work (45%), and even from relatives (18%) was another reported challenge. However, 73% of patients were highly satisfied with the current treatment. Overall, the patients agreed that the lack of public awareness of psoriasis was responsible for the social stigma.

Conclusions
The evidence obtained from this qualitative study indicated that psoriasis has a significant emotional and psychological impact on the patients affecting their QoL. Lack of awareness of the disease among PCPs, patients, and the public is a major challenge leading to poor treatment outcomes.
Prediction of future visceral adiposity and application to cancer research: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Wilkens Lynne R. , Castelfranco Ann M. , Monroe Kristine R. , Kristal Bruce S. , Cheng Iona , Maskarinec Gertraud , Hullar Meredith A. , Lampe Johanna W. , Shepherd John A. , Franke Adrian A. , Ernst Thomas , Le Marchand Loïc , Lim Unhee 
Published: July 2024

Background
We previously developed a prediction score for MRI-quantified abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) based on concurrent measurements of height, body mass index (BMI), and nine blood biomarkers, for optimal performance in five racial/ethnic groups. Here we evaluated the VAT score for prediction of future VAT and examined if enhancement with additional biomarkers, lifestyle behavior information, and medical history improves the prediction.

Methods
We examined 500 participants from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) with detailed data (age 50–66) collected 10 years prior to their MRI assessment of VAT. We generated three forecasted VAT prediction models: first by applying the original VAT equation to the past data on the predictors (“original”), second by refitting the past data on anthropometry and biomarkers (“refit”), and third by building a new prediction model based on the past data enhanced with lifestyle and medical history (“enhanced”). We compared the forecasted prediction scores to future VAT using the coefficient of determination (R2). In independent nested case-control data in MEC, we applied the concurrent and forecasted VAT models to assess association of the scores with subsequent incident breast cancer (950 pairs) and colorectal cancer (831 pairs).

Results
Compared to the VAT prediction by the concurrent VAT score (R2 = 0.70 in men, 0.68 in women), the forecasted original VAT score (R2 = 0.54, 0.48) performed better than past anthropometry alone (R2 = 0.47, 0.40) or two published scores (VAI, METS-VF). The forecasted refit (R2 = 0.61, 0.51) and enhanced (R2 = 0.62, 0.55) VAT scores each showed slight improvements. Similar to the concurrent VAT score, the forecasted VAT scores were associated with breast cancer, but not colorectal cancer. Both the refit score (adjusted OR for tertile 3 vs. 1 = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.00–1.62) and enhanced score (1.27; 0.99–1.62) were associated with breast cancer independently of BMI.

Conclusions
Predicted VAT from midlife data can be used as a surrogate to assess the effect of VAT on incident diseases associated with obesity, as illustrated for postmenopausal breast cancer.
Spatial variation and geographical weighted regression analysis to explore open defecation practice and its determinants among households in Ethiopia
Authors: Derseh Nebiyu Mekonnen , Alemayehu Meron Asmamaw , Agimas Muluken Chanie , Yismaw Getaneh Awoke , Tesfie Tigabu Kidie , Abuhay Habtamu Wagnew 
Published: July 2024

Background
In Ethiopia, recent evidence revealed that over a quarter (27%) of households (HHs) defecated openly in bush or fields, which play a central role as the source of many water-borne infectious diseases, including cholera. Ethiopia is not on the best track to achieve the SDG of being open-defecation-free by 2030. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial variation and geographical inequalities of open defecation (OD) among HHs in Ethiopia.

Methods
This was a country-wide community-based cross-sectional study among a weighted sample of 8663 HHs in Ethiopia. The global spatial autocorrelation was explored using the global Moran’s-I, and the local spatial autocorrelation was presented by Anselin Local Moran’s-I to evaluate the spatial patterns of OD practice in Ethiopia. Hot spot and cold spot areas of OD were detected using ArcGIS 10.8. The most likely high and low rates of clusters with OD were explored using SaTScan 10.1. Geographical weighted regression analysis (GWR) was fitted to explore the geographically varying coefficients of factors associated with OD.

Results
The prevalence of OD in Ethiopia was 27.10% (95% CI: 22.85–31.79). It was clustered across enumeration areas (Global Moran’s I = 0.45, Z-score = 9.88, P-value ≤ 0.001). Anselin Local Moran’s I analysis showed that there was high-high clustering of OD at Tigray, Afar, Northern Amhara, Somali, and Gambela regions, while low-low clustering of OD was observed at Addis Ababa, Dire-Dawa, Harari, SNNPR, and Southwest Oromia. Hotspot areas of OD were detected in the Tigray, Afar, eastern Amhara, Gambela, and Somali regions. Tigray, Afar, northern Amhara, eastern Oromia, and Somali regions were explored as having high rates of OD. The GWR model explained 75.20% of the geographical variation of OD among HHs in Ethiopia. It revealed that as the coefficients of being rural residents, female HH heads, having no educational attainment, having no radio, and being the poorest HHs increased, the prevalence of OD also increased.

Conclusion
The prevalence of OD in Ethiopia was higher than the pooled prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Tigray, Afar, northern Amhara, eastern Oromia, and Somali regions had high rates of OD. Rural residents, being female HH heads, HHs with no educational attainment, HHs with no radio, and the poorest HHs were spatially varying determinants that affected OD. Therefore, the government of Ethiopia and stakeholders need to design interventions in hot spots and high-risk clusters. The program managers should plan interventions and strategies like encouraging health extension programs, which aid in facilitating basic sanitation facilities in rural areas and the poorest HHs, including female HHs, as well as community mobilization with awareness creation, especially for those who are uneducated and who do not have radios.
Clinical description and evaluation of 30 pediatric patients with ultra-rare diseases: A multicenter study with real-world data from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Muthaffar Osama Y. , Alazhary Noura W. , Alyazidi Anas S. , Alsubaie Mohammed A. , Bahowarth Sarah Y. , Odeh Nour B. , Bamaga Ahmed K. 
Published: July 2024

Background
With the advancement of next-generation sequencing, clinicians are now able to detect ultra-rare mutations that are barely encountered by the majority of physicians. Ultra-rare and rare diseases cumulatively acquire a prevalence equivalent to type 2 diabetes with 80% being genetic in origin and more prevalent among high consanguinity communities including Saudi Arabia. The challenge of these diseases is the ability to predict their prevalence and define clear phenotypic features.

Methods
This is a non-interventional retrospective multicenter study. We included pediatric patients with a pathogenic variant designated as ultra-rare according to the National Institute for Clinical Excellence’s criteria. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data of all patients were collected and analyzed using multinomial regression models.

Results
We included 30 patients. Their mean age of diagnosis was 16.77 months (range 3–96 months) and their current age was 8.83 years (range = 2–15 years). Eleven patients were females and 19 were males. The majority were of Arab ethnicity (96.77%). Twelve patients were West-Saudis and 8 patients were South-Saudis. SCN1A mutation was reported among 19 patients. Other mutations included SZT2, ROGDI, PRF1, ATP1A3, and SHANK3. The heterozygous mutation was reported among 67.86%. Twenty-nine patients experienced seizures with GTC being the most frequently reported semiology. The mean response to ASMs was 45.50% (range 0–100%).

Conclusion
The results suggest that ultra-rare diseases must be viewed as a distinct category from rare diseases with potential demographic and clinical hallmarks. Additional objective and descriptive criteria to detect such cases are needed.
Research on the TF–IDF algorithm combined with semantics for automatic extraction of keywords from network news texts
Authors: Wang Yan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As the number of online news texts continues to increase, the algorithm of automatic keyword extraction becomes a key content in facilitating users’ fast access to the desired content. This article first introduced two common algorithms: term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF–IDF) and TextRank. Then, the calculation of news title weight was added to the TF–IDF algorithm according to the characteristics of network news text. Moreover, a new automatic extraction algorithm was designed by applying Word2vec to extract semantics. The experimental results demonstrated that on the ACE2005 dataset, as the quantity of automatically extracted keywords increased, the accuracy of the TF–IDF, TextRank, and the semantics-combined TF–IDF algorithms gradually decreased, and the recall rates gradually increased. When five keywords were extracted, the gap of the semantics-combined TF–IDF algorithm with the other two algorithms was the largest, and its accuracy, recall rate, and F-measure were 72.77, 78.64, and 75.59%, respectively. Finally, the F-measure of the semantics-combined TF–IDF algorithm reached 81% for network news texts. The experimental results prove the performance of the semantics-combined TF–IDF algorithm in automatically extracting keywords from network news texts, and it will have promising applications in practice.
Arquitetura bioclimática e eficiência energética: Estudo de caso da Escola Secundária Lycee Schorge
Authors: Lütkemeyer Fernanda , Kerber Luiza Matraczek , Etges Roberta Cristina Schroeder , Souza Matheus Cargnelutti de 
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo aborda a Escola Secundária Lycee Schorge, obra arquitetônica de Francis Keré, e tem o objetivo de compreender as soluções projetuais bioclimáticas e de eficiência energética aplicadas a ela. Como metodologia, fez-se o uso da pesquisa bibliográfica em obras de autores relevantes. A obra situa-se no país africano Burkina Faso, o qual possui clima e vegetação diferentes do Brasil, tornando o assunto relevante aos acadêmicos que estão buscando novos conhecimentos sobre arquitetura. Partindo de referências bibliográficas, bem como, de entrevistas dadas pelo arquiteto, foi possível desenvolver uma análise crítica e interpretar as alternativas bioclimáticas e de eficiência energética adotadas por Keré, para uma arquitetura e seu microclima.
Estimación de los parámetros de las distribuciones Bernoulli y Poisson bajo cero eventos
Authors: Correa Juan Carlos , Sierra Esperanza 
Published: July 2024

Cuando los parámetros p , en la distribución de Bernoulli y λ, en la de Poisson, son muy pequeños, su estimación es un problema díficil porque, a menudo, en muestras aleatorias no se presenta el caso de interés. En estudios epidemiológicos sobre enfermedades poco comunes es frecuente encontrar este tipo de resultados. Se presentan algunas soluciones a este problema.
Las ideas sobre salud pública de los dirigentes liberales españoles en las Cortes de Cádiz (1810 - 1814)
Authors: Cardona Alvaro 
Published: July 2024

En los inicios del siglo XIX se presentaron hechos políticos trascendentales para la configuración del moderno Estado español. Entre 1808 y 1814 España estuvo orientada por las decisiones adoptadas por los dirigentes liberales que se constituían mayoría en las llamadas Cortes de Cádiz, encaminadas a afianzar un gobierno constitucional que remplaza la forma de gobierno absolutista tradicional. Este proceso fue interrumpido por la reasunción de poderes absolutos por parte del rey Fernando VII entre 1814 -1820. Sin embargo, algunos años después las ideas de las principales Cortes de Cádiz fueron retomadas por los revolucionarios que establecieron un nuevo periodo de gobierno constitucional entre 1820 y 1823 (conocido en la historiografía española como Trienio Liberal) para emprender nuevas iniciativas de contenido liberal. Las Cortes de Cádiz aparecen entonces en el escenario político español como un antecedente indispensable que ha de tenerse en cuenta para el entendimiento de la conformación de la institucionalidad del Estado liberal español en el siglo XIX. Esta afirmación es valida para el análisis de la conformación de la institucionalidad de la salud pública, que es el tema en el que nos centraremos.En este artículo se caracterizan las principales tentativas de reforma en salud pública de las Cortes de Cádiz. Metodológicamente se reunió la revisión documental y el análisis de textos, relacionando el pensamiento de los dirigentes políticos con las mentalidades ideológicas y científicas predominantes en ese tiempo. Las fuentes utilizadas fueron los documentos oficiales de las Cortes de Cádiz, así como libros y artículos publicados en esos años relacionados con el terma de estudio. También se hizo uso de algunas obras destacadas de literatura crítica sobre el periodo.
El reloj de las pruebas diagnósticas
Authors: Sánchez T Noel Antonio 
Published: July 2024

En este articulo se pretende mostrar que los descriptores sobre las pruebas diagnosticas antiguos y modernos pertenecen a una misma estructura. El medio para tal efecto es un circulo (reloj), que nos permite una visión global de estos en un escenario dicotómico. Valiéndose de la teoría de conjuntos, formamos nueve subconjuntos a saber: el de la validez interna (V), el del rendimiento clínico (R), el de las prevalencias (P), los de los elementos homólogos (A y B), los de los elementos contrarios (C y D) y los de elementos complementarios (E y F); entre los componentes del reloj, establecemos semejanzas, diferencias y relaciones. Partiendo de ahí, se plantean el principio de la dualidad de los complementarios. En consecuencia, se crean nuevos índices y se comparan los conceptos modernos de cocientes de probabilidades positivo y negativo con dos de ellos. Se concluye que los índices forman una estructura cuya comprensión se hace más fácil gracias al reloj diagnóstico, medio visual para extraer las ecuaciones bayesianas y que de su análisis surge un método el cual, según los principios expuestos, ayuda a deducir estas ecuaciones bayesianas y otro tipo de formulas (duales).
La dimensión económica y política de los servicios de atención en salud: un aporte general para el derecho a la salud y la justicia sanitaria en Colombia
Authors: García L Juan Darío , Caicedo V Beatriz 
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo tiene como propósito analizar de una forma integral y sistémica las diversas dimensiones conceptuales de los servicios de atención en salud. La utilización de los componentes básicos de la disciplina económica, la discusión de algunos planteamientos relacionados con el mundo de la política y el reconocimiento de la importancia y el valor moral de los derechos humanos tiene la finalidad no solo de describir la complejidad de un servicio económico que, en muchos casos, esta directamente relacionado con la vida, sino también de contribuir con elementos de juicio más rigurosos en el actual debate sobre el derecho a la salud en Colombia, por ejemplo, las sutiles diferencias entre bien público y servicio público y sus implicaciones más destacables desde la perspectiva de la justicia sanitaria.
Experiencia del municipio de Versalles, departamento del Valle: una mirada desde la promoción de la salud
Authors: E Restrepo Helena 
Published: July 2024

La experiencia del municipio de Versalles (Valle del cauca) es un modelo de proceso participativo exitoso en salud. En él se identifican los principios de promoción de la salud y la estrategia de municipio saludable que buscan la transformación de los determinantes de la salud con enfoques holísticos y constituye un mejor ejemplo de compromiso y movilización de todos los actores gubernamentales y ciudadanos en pro del bienestar integral y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de sus habitante. Los resultados alcanzados a lo largo de más de diez años abarcan todos los sectores de desarrollo y muestran como es posible que una comunidad empoderada construya capital social y convivencia pacifica y democrática.