bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise modality effect on oxygen uptake off‐transient kinetics at maximal oxygen uptake intensity
Authors: Sousa Ana , Rodríguez Ferran A. , Machado Leandro , Vilas‐Boas J. Paulo , Fernandes Ricardo J. 
Published: April 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Do the mechanical differences between swimming, rowing, running and cycling have a potential effect on the oxygen uptake () off‐kinetics after an exercise sustained until exhaustion at 100% of maximal oxygen uptake () intensity?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The mechanical differences between exercise modes had a potential effect and contributed to distinct amplitude of the fast component (higher in running compared with cycling) and time constant (higher in swimming compared with rowing and cycling) in the off‐kinetic patterns at 100% of intensity. This suggests that swimmers, unlike rowers and cyclists, would benefit more from a longer duration of training intervals after each set of exercise performed at intensity.

The kinetics of oxygen uptake () during recovery (off‐transient kinetics) for different exercise modes is largely unexplored, hampering the prescription of training and recovery to enhance performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the off‐transient kinetics response between swimmers, rowers, runners and cyclists during their specific mode of exercise at 100% of maximal oxygen uptake () intensity and to examine the on–off symmetry. Groups of swimmers, rowers, runners and cyclists (n = 8 per group) performed (i) an incremental exercise protocol to assess the velocity or power associated with ( or , respectively) and (ii) a square‐wave exercise transition from rest to until volitional exhaustion. Pulmonary exchange parameters were measured using a telemetric portable gas analyser (K4b2; Cosmed, Rome, Italy), and the on‐ and off‐transient kinetics were analysed through a double‐exponential approach. For all exercise modes, both transient periods were symmetrical in shape once they had both been adequately fitted by a double‐exponential model. However, differences were found in the off‐kinetic parameters between exercise modes; the amplitude of the fast component of the off‐response was higher in running compared with cycling (48 ± 5 and 36 ± 7 ml kg−1 min−1, respectively; P < 0.001), and the time constant of the same phase was higher in swimming compared with rowing and cycling (63 ± 5, 56 ± 5 and 55 ± 3 s, respectively; P < 0.001). Although both phases were well described by a double‐exponential model, the differences between exercise modes had a potential effect and contributed to distinct off‐transient kinetic patterns at 100% of intensity.
Sympathetic neural activation does not mediate heart rate variability during repeated brief umbilical cord occlusions in near‐term fetal sheep
Authors: Lear Christopher A. , Galinsky Robert , Wassink Guido , Mitchell Clinton J. , Davidson Joanne O. , Westgate Jennifer A. , Bennet Laura , Gunn Alistair J. 
Published: April 2015

Key points
Fetal heart rate variability and changes in the ST segment of the electrocardiogram are used clinically during labour to identify fetuses at risk of severe metabolic acidosis or death.
Sympathetic nervous system activity contributes to heart rate variability in healthy normoxic fetuses, and is critical for the rapid haemodynamic adaptations to repeated episodes of asphyxia induced by brief complete umbilical cord occlusions at rates consistent with active labour.
We now show that chemical sympathectomy did not alter fetal heart rate variability between episodes of brief repeated asphyxia or elevation of the ST segment during asphyxia.
The lack of influence of the sympathetic system on fetal heart rate variability between episodes of brief asphyxia suggests that measures of fetal heart rate variability are unlikely to help monitor changes in sympathetic nervous system activity during active labour.
AbstractChanges in fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) and ST segment elevation (measured as the T/QRS ratio) are used to evaluate fetal adaptation to labour. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is an important contributor to FHRV under healthy normoxic conditions, and is critical for rapid support of blood pressure during brief labour‐like asphyxia. However, although it has been assumed that SNS activity contributes to FHRV during labour; this has never been tested, and it is unclear whether the SNS contributes to the rapid increase in T/QRS ratio during brief asphyxia. Thirteen chronically instrumented fetal sheep at 0.85 of gestation received either chemical sympathectomy with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA; n = 6) or sham treatment (control; n = 7), followed 4–5 days later by 2 min episodes of complete umbilical cord occlusion repeated every 5 min for up to 4 h, or until mean arterial blood pressure fell to <20 mmHg for two successive occlusions. FHRV was decreased before occlusions in the 6‐OHDA group (P < 0.05) and 2–4.5 h during recovery after occlusions (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. During each occlusion there was a rapid increase in T/QRS ratio. Between successive occlusions the T/QRS ratio rapidly returned to baseline, and FHRV increased above baseline in both groups (P < 0.05), with no significant effect of sympathectomy on FHRV or T/QRS ratio. In conclusion, these data show that SNS activity does not mediate the increase in FHRV between repeated episodes of brief umbilical cord occlusion or the transient increase in T/QRS ratio during occlusions.
Astrocyte VAMP3 vesicles undergo Ca2+‐independent cycling and modulate glutamate transporter trafficking
Authors: Li Dongdong , Hérault Karine , Zylbersztejn Kathleen , Lauterbach Marcel A. , Guillon Marc , Oheim Martin , Ropert Nicole 
Published: April 2015

Key points
Mouse cortical astrocytes express VAMP3 but not VAMP2.
VAMP3 vesicles undergo Ca2+‐independent exo‐ and endocytotic cycling at the plasma membrane.
VAMP3 vesicle traffic regulates the recycling of plasma membrane glutamate transporters.
cAMP modulates VAMP3 vesicle cycling and glutamate uptake.
AbstractPrevious studies suggest that small synaptic‐like vesicles in astrocytes carry vesicle‐associated vSNARE proteins, VAMP3 (cellubrevin) and VAMP2 (synaptobrevin 2), both contributing to the Ca2+‐regulated exocytosis of gliotransmitters, thereby modulating brain information processing. Here, using cortical astrocytes taken from VAMP2 and VAMP3 knock‐out mice, we find that astrocytes express only VAMP3. The morphology and function of VAMP3 vesicles were studied in cultured astrocytes at single vesicle level with stimulated emission depletion (STED) and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopies. We show that VAMP3 antibodies label small diameter (∼80 nm) vesicles and that VAMP3 vesicles undergo Ca2+‐independent exo‐endocytosis. We also show that this pathway modulates the surface expression of plasma membrane glutamate transporters and the glutamate uptake by astrocytes. Finally, using pharmacological and optogenetic tools, we provide evidence suggesting that the cytosolic cAMP level influences astrocytic VAMP3 vesicle trafficking and glutamate transport. Our results suggest a new role for VAMP3 vesicles in astrocytes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mannheimia haemolytica Strain Mh10517, Isolated from Sheep in South Africa
Authors: Kidanemariam Gelaw Awoke , Bihon Wubetu , Faranani Ramagoma , Mafofo Joseph , Rees Jasper , Madoroba Evelyn 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Respiratory disease caused by
Mannheimia haemolytica
is a major concern in the cattle and small stock industry worldwide. This problem arises due to the interaction of numerous contributing factors, including physical stresses associated with weaning, shipment, inclement weather, and overcrowding coupled with viral and bacterial infections. The whole genome of
M. haemolytica
strain Mh10517 was analyzed using an Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform. The genome size is 2.67 Mb with 2,879 predicted gene sequences. The availability of this genome sequence will advance studies on various aspects of the biology of
M. haemolytica
in Africa and the world at large.
Draft Genome Sequences of Supercritical CO
2
-Tolerant Bacteria Bacillus subterraneus MITOT1 and Bacillus cereus MIT0214
Authors: Peet Kyle C. , Thompson Janelle R. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

We report draft genome sequences of
Bacillus subterraneus
MITOT1 and
Bacillus cereus
MIT0214 isolated through enrichment of samples from geologic sequestration sites in pressurized bioreactors containing a supercritical (sc) CO
2
headspace. Their genome sequences expand the phylogenetic range of sequenced bacilli and allow characterization of molecular mechanisms of scCO
2
tolerance.
Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus acidophilus FSI4, Isolated from Yogurt
Authors: Iartchouk Oleg , Kozyavkin Sergei , Karamychev Valeri , Slesarev Alexei 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

A new
Lactobacillus acidophilus
strain, FSI4, isolated from yogurt, was isolated and sequenced in our laboratory. Our data, although supportive of previous conclusions regarding the remarkable stability of
L. acidophilus
species, indicate accumulating mutations in commercial
L. acidophilus
strains that warrant further study of the effect of damaged genes on the competitiveness of these bacteria in gut microbiota.
Draft Genome Sequences of 26
Porphyromonas
Strains Isolated from the Canine Oral Microbiome
Authors: Coil David A. , Alexiev Alexandra , Wallis Corrin , O’Flynn Ciaran , Deusch Oliver , Davis Ian , Horsfall Alexander , Kirkwood Nicola , Jospin Guillaume , Eisen Jonathan A. , Harris Stephen , Darling Aaron E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

We present the draft genome sequences for 26 strains of
Porphyromonas
(
P. canoris
,
P. gulae
,
P. cangingavalis
,
P. macacae
, and 7 unidentified) and an unidentified member of the
Porphyromonadaceae
family. All of these strains were isolated from the canine oral cavity, from dogs with and without early periodontal disease.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Helicobacter pylori Strain Isolated from a Patient with Diffuse Gastritis from a Region of High Cancer Risk in Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez-Escobar Andrés J. , Bayona Rojas Martin , Barragán Vidal Carlos , Trujillo Clara Esperanza , Bravo María Mercedes 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of one Colombian
Helicobacter pylori
strain is presented. This strain was isolated from a patient with diffuse gastritis from Tibaná, Boyacá, a region with high gastric cancer risk.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bifidobacterium dentium Strain JCM 1195
T
, Isolated from Human Dental Caries
Authors: Toh Hidehiro , Hayashi Jun-ichiro , Oshima Kenshiro , Nakano Akiko , Takayama Yukiko , Takanashi Kageyasu , Morita Hidetoshi , Hattori Masahira 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Bifidobacterium dentium
strain JCM 1195
T
was isolated from human dental caries. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this organism.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bifidobacterium scardovii Strain JCM 12489
T
, Isolated from Human Blood
Authors: Toh Hidehiro , Oshima Kenshiro , Nakano Akiyo , Yamashita Naoko , Iioka Erica , Kurokawa Rina , Morita Hidetoshi , Hattori Masahira 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Bifidobacterium scardovii
strain JCM 12489
T
was isolated from human blood and has the largest bifidobacterial genome reported to date. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this organism. This paper is the first report demonstrating the fully sequenced and completely annotated genome of a B. scardovii strain.
First detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 2 in cattle in Spain
Authors: Aduriz Gorka , Atxaerandio Raquel , Cortabarria Nekane 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundBovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus that belongs to the family Flaviviridae. BVDV is found worldwide in cattle population and causes significant economic losses to the dairy and beef industries. Two distinct genotypes of BVDV exist: BVDV type 1 (BVDV‐1) and BVDV type 2 (BVDV‐2).Objective:The aim of the present study was to investigate retrospectively the presence of BVDV‐2 in Spain.ResultsWith this objective, 47 blood samples that had tested positive in an ELISA for BVDV antigen were selected. Samples had been submitted by practitioners to the Diagnostic Service of NEIKER. The 18 herds of origin were all located in the northern half of Spain. BVDV positive samples were genotyped by reverse transcription‐PCR. BVDV‐1 was detected with the highest frequency (46/47), in contrast to BVDV‐2 (2/47). In one blood sample, both pestivirus genotypes, BVDV‐1 and BVDV‐2, were detected. Sequencing of a viral genomic region, 5′ untranslated region, confirmed the identity of the BVDV‐2 isolate.ConclusionsSo far as the authors know, this is the first reported presence of BVDV‐2 in cattle herds in Spain. This finding may have important implications for the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of BVDV infection in the country.
SOCS2 Controls Proliferation and Stemness of Hematopoietic Cells under Stress Conditions and Its Deregulation Marks Unfavorable Acute Leukemias
Authors: Vitali Caterina , Bassani Claudia , Chiodoni Claudia , Fellini Elisa , Guarnotta Carla , Miotti Silvia , Sangaletti Sabina , Fuligni Fabio , De Cecco Loris , Piccaluga Pier P. , Colombo Mario P. , Tripodo Claudio 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) promptly adapt hematopoiesis to stress conditions, such as infection and cancer, replenishing bone marrow–derived circulating populations, while preserving the stem cell reservoir. SOCS2, a feedback inhibitor of JAK–STAT pathways, is expressed in most primitive HSC and is upregulated in response to STAT5-inducing cytokines. We demonstrate that Socs2 deficiency unleashes HSC proliferation in vitro, sustaining STAT5 phosphorylation in response to IL3, thrombopoietin, and GM-CSF. In vivo, SOCS2 deficiency leads to unrestricted myelopoietic response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and, in turn, induces exhaustion of long-term HSC function along serial bone marrow transplantations. The emerging role of SOCS2 in HSC under stress conditions prompted the investigation of malignant hematopoiesis. High levels of SOCS2 characterize unfavorable subsets of acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemias, such as those with MLL and BCR/ABL abnormalities, and correlate with the enrichment of genes belonging to hematopoietic and leukemic stemness signatures. In this setting, SOCS2 and its correlated genes are part of regulatory networks fronted by IKZF1/Ikaros and MEF2C, two transcriptional regulators involved in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis that have never been linked to SOCS2. Accordingly, a comparison of murine wt and Socs2−/− HSC gene expression in response to 5-FU revealed a significant overlap with the molecular programs that correlate with SOCS2 expression in leukemias, particularly with the oncogenic pathways and with the IKZF1/Ikaros and MEF2C-predicted targets. Lentiviral gene transduction of murine hematopoietic precursors with Mef2c, but not with Ikzf1, induces Socs2 upregulation, unveiling a direct control exerted by Mef2c over Socs2 expression. Cancer Res; 75(11); 2387–99. ©2015 AACR.
Valores da paisagem: os significados dos rios e manguezais da cidade do Recife
Authors: Bezerra Onilda Gomes , Melo Vera Lúcia Mayrinck de Oliveira 
Published: April 2015

<p>Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão acerca dos valores atribuídos à paisagem dos rios e manguezais da cidade do Recife, aqui representados pelo rio Capibaribe e pelo Manguezal do Pina, da interpretação dos significados evocados por grupos humanos que vivenciam e mantêm relação direta ou indiretamente com esses ambientes. Busca-se desenvolver subsídios para a construção de instrumentos de avaliação da conservação patrimonial como diretrizes norteadoras de políticas públicas de proteção do patrimônio natural e cultural. Parte-se do pressuposto que o meio ambiente é constituído por bens naturais e culturais, que se expressa na paisagem. Compreendendo que o sítio natural tem papel fundamental na formação fisiográfica, estruturação urbana e no uso e ocupação da cidade, constitui-se como marco patrimonial representativo da identidade sociocultural de sua paisagem. As paisagens podem ser interpretadas no tempo e no espaço de formas distintas, ao serem representadas segundo os valores atribuídos pelos olhares e pelas percepções, formados dentro de contextos socioeconômicos e culturais específicos. Na análise, adotou-se como fundamentação teórica a abordagem da paisagem cultural sob a ótica da Nova Geografia Cultural, e como resultados identificaram-se diferentes valores obtidos a partir da interpretação das representações dos grupos humanos investigados.</p>
How Is Pneumonia Diagnosed in Clinical Stroke Research?
Authors: Kishore Amit K. , Vail Andy , Chamorro Angel , Garau Javier , Hopkins Stephen J. , Di Napoli Mario , Kalra Lalit , Langhorne Peter , Montaner Joan , Roffe Christine , Rudd Anthony G. , Tyrrell Pippa J. , van de Beek Diederik , Woodhead Mark , Meisel Andreas , Smith Craig J. 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
Diagnosis of pneumonia complicating stroke is challenging, and there are currently no consensus diagnostic criteria. As a first step in developing such consensus-based diagnostic criteria, we undertook a systematic review to identify the existing diagnostic approaches to pneumonia in recent clinical stroke research to establish the variation in diagnosis and terminology.

Methods—
Studies of ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or both, which reported occurrence of pneumonia from January 2009 to March 2014, were considered and independently screened for inclusion by 2 reviewers after multiple searches using electronic databases. The primary analysis was to identify existing diagnostic approaches for pneumonia. Secondary analyses explored potential reasons for any heterogeneity where standard criteria for pneumonia had been applied.

Results—

Sixty-four studies (56% ischemic stroke, 6% intracerebral hemorrhage, 38% both) of 639 953 patients were included. Six studies (9%) reported no information on the diagnostic approach, whereas 12 (19%) used unspecified clinician-reported diagnosis or initiation of antibiotics. The majority used objective diagnostic criteria: 20 studies (31%) used respiratory or other published standard criteria; 26 studies (41%) used previously unpublished ad hoc criteria. The overall occurrence of pneumonia was 14.3% (95% confidence interval 13.2%–15.4%;
I
2
=98.9%). Occurrence was highest in studies applying standard criteria (19.1%; 95% confidence interval 15.1%–23.4%;
I
2
=98.5%). The substantial heterogeneity observed was not explained by stratifying for other potential confounders.

Conclusions—
We found considerable variation in terminology and the diagnostic approach to pneumonia. Our review supports the need for consensus development of operational diagnostic criteria for pneumonia complicating stroke.
Relative Distributions
Authors: McMeekin Peter , Wildman John , Ford Gary A. , Vale Luke , Price Christopher I. 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
Analyses of trends in the delivery of time critical treatments typically report the median, but measures of central tendency may ignore important changes for specific patient groups. We considered whether this was an important effect during comparison of onset to treatment (OTT) time between 2 cohorts of patients with stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis.

Methods—
After controlling for stroke severity, a relative distributions technique compared OTT for UK patients treated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator registered within the first and last quarters (each n=661) of the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study database between January 2003 and September 2010.

Results—
Significant differences were found between OTT distributions. Overall, the second cohort’s OTT distribution demonstrated simultaneous increases in the proportion of patients with faster and slower OTT, which resulted in no net effect on the median after correction for stroke severity.

Conclusions—
Medians did not adequately describe distributional changes. Faster OTT may be because of more efficient processes in acute stroke centers and improved symptom recognition by the public. Slower OTT is likely to reflect movement from a 3- to a 4.5-hour OTT target. Relative distributions offer new insights into historical trends and service evaluation where time critical treatments are involved.
Occupational balance: A study of the sociocultural perspective of Iranian occupational therapists
Authors: Yazdani Farzaneh , Roberts Dave , Yazdani Nastaran , Rassafiani Mehdi 
Published: April 2015

Background. The concept of occupational balance has always been important to occupational therapists and occupational scientists, but it is often interpreted differently by professionals, particularly in relation to practice. Purpose. This study focused on the understanding of occupational balance of a group of experienced occupational therapists who held positions at the time in Iran. Method. A preliminary qualitative study from within an interpretive paradigm was employed. A focus group was used for data collection, and the data were analyzed using thematic networks analysis in relation to occupational science concepts. Findings. Four organizing themes were uncovered: integrity in being, equilibrium in doing, contentedness in becoming, and harmony in belonging. The global theme of “fluidity” describes the dynamic nature of occupational balance. Implications. The concept of occupational balance needs to be further explored in different communities. Identifying similarities and differences in its meaning and application will inform culturally relevant client-centred education and practice.
“What the Hell Is Revise?”
Authors: Perun Stefan Austin 
Published: April 2015

Objective: To learn how interactions among the content, professor, and students shaped passing and failing developmental English at one urban-serving community college (USCC). Method: I observed three sections of developmental English at USCC throughout a semester and conducted semi-structured interviews with all three professors and a sample of 23 student volunteers from across the three courses. The analysis drew on field notes from 58 classroom session observations, transcripts of the instructor, and student interviews, and more than 100 pages of course documents handed out to students (i.e., syllabi, assignments, rubrics, etc.). Results: Students’ high school experiences shaped approaches to coursework (at least initially), whereby students quickly completed assignments without regard to the assessmentcriteria and expected passing grades for their effort. However, passing required students to adopt a new approach whereby they revised an unacceptable draft of an essay assignment intoa satisfactory one. Conclusion: The findings suggest that pedagogy focused on developing drafting and revising practices helped students develop the approaches necessary to pass. Further research is needed to understand a wider range of influences on students’ learning experiences as well as how pedagogy influences passing and failing.