bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La double révolution urbaine du tourisme
Authors: Stock Mathis , Lucas Léopold 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Cet article travaille l’hypothèse que le système touristique a provoqué une double « révolution urbaine » : la première débute au xviii e siècle et correspond au développement partout dans le monde de lieux urbains créés spécifiquement par et pour le tourisme : la station touristique. La seconde, plus récente (2 e moitié du xx e siècle) est relative à l’imprégnation de plus en plus importante des villes par la sphère de la recréation. Pour cela, nous dégageons dans un premier temps un cadre théorique qui, à partir de travaux existant, propose une définition enrichie et complexifiée de l’« urbanité » et de l’« urbanisation ». Ce socle permet alors de réunifier dans une même réflexion les différentes modalités de participation du tourisme quant à la dimension urbaine des sociétés, ici plus spécifiquement envisagée à travers la qualité de ses lieux.
Naissance et développement de La Bourboule : ville thermale neuve française exemplaire
Authors: Férérol Marie-Ève 
Published: November 2012

Résumé La Bourboule est une petite ville agréable, de 2 000 habitants, située dans le massif du Sancy, au centre de la France. Qui pourrait penser qu’il y a encore 150 ans, elle n’existait ni sur le plan administratif, ni sur le plan physique ? Comment expliquer qu’un hameau de quelques âmes soit devenu une commune et une ville à part entière, dotée des équipements urbains les plus représentatifs ? La réponse, on la doit à la nature qui l’a pourvue de sources thermales et surtout à la société capitaliste qui les a exploitées. Par son action (d’où son surnom de « company town ») et malgré des tensions avec les autres acteurs, La Bourboule connaît un succès touristique énorme et acquiert tous les éléments d’urbanité.
Quand le citadin joue au plagiste. Paris Plages, des référents touristiques dans le quotidien urbain
Authors: Pradel Benjamin , Simon Gwendal 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Paris Plages propose un ensemble d’ambiances et d’expériences aux effets de dépaysement qui sont à la fois coupées de la ville et entièrement ancrées en elle. Cette proposition de s’extraire du cadre urbain routinier peut se lire comme un processus temporaire et original de mise en présence du tourisme par une dynamique de renversement des lieux (de la ville à la plage) et des usages (du citadin au plagiste). L’analyse empirique montre ainsi que les aménagements instrumentalisent la sémiosphère touristique des plaisirs balnéaires et des vacances. L’appropriation du lieu stimule alors une hybridation des comportements urbains individuels ouvrant sur une balnéarité urbaine collective. Paris Plages témoigne de la place du tourisme comme système ouvert d’acteurs, de pratiques et d’espaces dans les stratégies d’organisation socio-spatiale de la ville en proposant au citadin de « jouer au touriste » dans une urbanité provisoirement transformée.
Le Dr Nguyễn Văn Luyện et ses confrères
Authors: Monnais Laurence 
Published: November 2012

Constituant une première histoire de la médecine libérale indigène dans le Viêt Nam sous domination française, cet article revient sur certains acquis historiographiques et propose de nouvelles avenues pour enrichir la recherche sur l’histoire de la santé en contexte colonial. Il s’interroge d’abord sur les conditions et les motifs qui ont permis l’existence de cette communauté médicale a priori marginale ; il en établit ensuite les principales caractéristiques en termes de formation, de parcours professionnel et d’engagement médico-sanitaire et plus largement social. Ces médecins privés apparaissent alors comme des agents actifs, non seulement compétents mais inventifs, de la médicalisation coloniale dans l’entre-deux guerres, susceptibles d’avoir améliorer de façon substantielle la santé de la population colonisée. Pour donner corps et vie à cette médecine libérale, plusieurs de ses acteurs sont évoqués et en particulier le Dr Nguyễn Văn Luyện (1898-1946). Ces fragments biographiques permettent de révéler la polyvalence, l’expertise, le dynamisme et les engagements en santé publique et en matière de soins d’un nouveau groupe social attentif aux attentes de sa communauté, autant de manifestations probantes en même temps d’une demande en santé en mutation.
Du karma aux planètes
Authors: Coderey Céline 
Published: November 2012

En Arakan, les conceptions de la maladie et les pratiques thérapeutiques relevant du bouddhisme theravāda, de l’astrologie, du culte des esprits, de la médecine et de bien d’autres domaines forment un ensemble signifiant et hiérarchisé. Ensemble signifiant parce que malades et thérapeutes considèrent ces conceptions et pratiques comme indissociables les unes des autres et devant donc être combinées afin de mener à bien le processus de guérison. Ensemble hiérarchisé car, à l’intérieur de celui-ci, le bouddhisme occupe une place hégémonique au niveau des valeurs. Néanmoins, dans le domaine thérapeutique, son apport est limité. Ce n’est que combinées aux pratiques astrologiques, médicales, etc. que les pratiques bouddhiques peuvent contribuer à la prévention et au soin des maladies. L’attention est ici portée sur la manière dont laquelle cette totalité signifiante et hiérarchisée s’exprime dans les pratiques des thérapeutes. Sur la base d’une étude de cas, l’article montre que souvent les thérapeutes cumulent plusieurs formations et pratiques plus ou moins hétérogènes afin de pouvoir intervenir sur le plus grand nombre possible de facteurs de la maladie : déséquilibre des éléments corporels, mauvais karma, influences planétaires néfastes, agressions par des puissances maléfiques.
Anthropologie et santé en Asie du Sud-Est
Authors: Guillou Anne Yvonne , Micollier Evelyne 
Published: November 2012

Cet article, sous forme de bilan et perspectives, retrace la constitution progressive d'un champ de recherche spécifique : celui de la santé, de la maladie et des soins, envisagé ici principalement du point de vue historique et anthropologique. En identifiant les courants de ce champ assez récent, l’article souligne les « moments scientifiques » significatifs, évoque les thématiques privilégiées, l'évolution des problématiques ainsi que les principales avancées en Asie du Sud-Est. Cette aire géographique se révèle relativement peu explorée. Découpé de façon à la fois chronologique et thématique en référant à des ouvrages-clés, l’article montre l’étendue et la richesse des questionnements, comme le dynamisme de la discipline.
A Nontrivial Solution to a Stochastic Matrix Equation
Authors: Ding J. , Rhee N. H. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract.If A is a nonsingular matrix such that its inverse is a stochastic matrix, the classic Brouwer fixed point theorem implies that the matrix equation AXA = XAX has a nontrivial solution. An explicit expression of this nontrivial solution is found via the mean ergodic theorem, and fixed point iteration is considered to find a nontrivial solution.
Linearized Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Constrained Linear Least-Squares Problem
Authors: Chan Raymond H. , Tao Min , Yuan Xiaoming 
Published: November 2012

Abstract.The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is applied to a constrained linear least-squares problem, where the objective function is a sum of two least-squares terms and there are box constraints. The original problem is decomposed into two easier least-squares subproblems at each iteration, and to speed up the inner iteration we linearize the relevant subproblem whenever it has no known closed-form solution. We prove the convergence of the resulting algorithm, and apply it to solve some image deblurring problems. Its efficiency is demonstrated, in comparison with Newton-type methods.
Intranasal Delivery of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells: A Noninvasive Passage to Target Intracerebral Glioma
Authors: Reitz Matthias , Demestre Maria , Sedlacik Jan , Meissner Hildegard , Fiehler Jens , Kim Seung U. , Westphal Manfred , Schmidt Nils Ole 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurological disorders, including brain tumors, advance continuously toward clinical trials. Optimized cell delivery to the central nervous system remains a challenge since direct intracerebral injection is an invasive method with low transplantation efficiency. We investigated the feasibility of intranasal administration of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) as an alternative, noninvasive, and direct passage for the delivery of stem cells to target malignant gliomas. Tumor-targeting and migratory pathways of murine and human NSPCs were investigated by intravital magnetic resonance imaging and in histological time course analyses in the intracerebral U87, NCE-G55T2, and syngenic Gl261 glioblastoma models. Intranasally administered NSPCs displayed a rapid, targeted tumor tropism with significant numbers of NSPCs accumulating specifically at the intracerebral glioma site within 6 hours after intranasal delivery. Histological time series analysis revealed that NSPCs migrated within the first 24 hours mainly via olfactory pathways but also by systemic distribution via the microvasculature of the nasal mucosa. Intranasal application of NSPCs leads to a rapid, targeted migration of cells toward intracerebral gliomas. The directional distribution of cells accumulating intra- and peritumorally makes the intranasal delivery of NSPCs a promising noninvasive and convenient alternative delivery method for the treatment of malignant gliomas with the possibility of multiple dosing regimens.
Using QIIME to Analyze 16S rRNA Gene Sequences from Microbial Communities
Authors: Kuczynski Justin , Stombaugh Jesse , Walters William Anton , González Antonio , Caporaso J. Gregory , Knight Rob 
Published: November 2012

AbstractQIIME (canonically pronounced “chime”) is a software application that performs microbial community analysis. It is an acronym for Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology, and has been used to analyze and interpret nucleic acid sequence data from fungal, viral, bacterial, and archaeal communities. The following protocols describe how to install QIIME on a single computer and use it to analyze microbial 16S sequence data from nine distinct microbial communities. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 27:1E.5.1‐1E.5.20. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dengue Virus: Isolation, Propagation, Quantification, and Storage
Authors: Medina Freddy , Medina Juan Francisco , Colón Candimar , Vergne Edgardo , Santiago Gilberto A. , Muñoz‐Jordán Jorge L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDengue is a disease caused by infection with one of the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and ‐4). The virus is transmitted to humans by Aedes sp. mosquitoes. This enveloped virus contains a positive single‐stranded RNA genome. Clinical manifestations of dengue can have a wide range of outcomes varying from a mild febrile illness to a life‐threatening condition. New techniques have largely replaced the use of DENV isolation in disease diagnosis. However, virus isolation still serves as the gold standard for detection and serotyping of DENV and is common practice in research and reference laboratories where clinical isolates of the virus are characterized and sequenced, or used for a variety of research experiments. Isolation of DENV from clinical samples can be achieved in mammalian and mosquito cells or by inoculation of mosquitoes. The experimental methods presented here describe the most common procedures used for the isolation, serotyping, propagation, and quantification of DENV. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 27:15D.2.1‐15D.2.24. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prognostic factors in low tumour mass asymptomatic multiple myeloma: A report on 91 patients
Authors: Facon T. , Menard J.F. , Michaux J.L. , Euller‐Ziegler L. , Bernard J.F. , Grosbois B. , Daragon A. , Azais I. , Courouble Y. , Kaplan G. , Laporte J.P. , De Gramont A. , Duclos B. , Leonard A. , Mineur P. , Delannoy A. , Jouet J.P. , Bauters F. , Monconduit M. ,   Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Myélome (GERM)
Published: November 2012

AbstractBetween January 1985 and July 1989 we diagnosed asymptomatic stage I multiple myeloma according to Durie and Salmon [Durie and Salmon: Cancer 36:842, 1975] in 91 patients. All patients were followed without chemotherapy. Disease progression occurred in 41 patients and the median time to progression for all patients was 48 months. In the Cox multivariate regression analysis, hemoglobin levels < 12 g/dl (P < .01), bone marrow plasmacytosis >25% (P< .01), and M‐component size ≥30 g/l for lg G or 3 = 25 g/l for lg A (P< .01) were the only significant prognostic factors for progression. The 38 patients without any harmful factor remained free of progression for a median of more than 50 months. The 18 patients with two or three of these characteristics (high‐risk group) had the shortest median time to progression of 6 months. Despite different times to progression, the response rate and survival after chemotherapy were similar for all groups of patients. Patients in the high‐risk group for progression have to be frequently monitored for disease progression and might benefit from early treatment.
Morphologic and ultrastructural evidence for interleukin‐6 induced platelet activation
Authors: Oleksowicz Leslie , Mrowiec Zbigniew , Isaacs Randi , Dutcher Janice P. , Puszkin Elena 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe in vitro effect of IL‐6 on platelet activation was investigated. When human platelets were incubated with high (1,000 ng/ml) or low (1 ng/ml) dose IL‐6, expression of GMP‐140 was enhanced by 42% (N = 6; P < 0.009) and 46% (N = 6; P < 0.061) in 1 hr low and high dose IL‐6‐platelet incubations, respectively, as assessed by flow cytometry. In platelet specimens incubated with high dose IL‐6 for 3 hr, a 70% (N = 6; P < 0.009) increase in GMP‐140 expression over control was observed. Parallel high dose IL‐6 incubations subjected to scanning electron microscopic studies revealed a 3.4‐fold increase (N = 6; P < 0.001) in spheroid morphologic platelet forms in 1 hr incubations in comparison to control platelet preparations, whereas in 3 hr IL‐6‐platelet incubations, a 96% uncrease in dendritic platelet forms was observed (N = 6; P < 0.001). Significant increases in platelet ATP levels were observed in both 1 min and 1 hr high dose and low dose IL‐6 platelet incubations. In 3 hr high dose‐IL‐6 platelet incubations, a significant 18% (N = 8; P < 0.001) decrease in platelet ATP was parallelled by a significant 40% increase (N = 8; P < 0.014) in plasma ATP in the same specimens. This increased plasma ATP was highly correlated with a reduction in platelet ATP when analyzed by bivarlate regression analysis. Lastly, transmission electron microscopic analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in dense granule number and ratio of dense granule surface area/cell surface area in 3 hr high dose IL‐6 incubations. These findings suggests that IL‐6 activates platelets in Vitro.
Stress–thermooxidative aging behavior of polyamide 6
Authors: Zhao Xiaowen , Li Xiaohe , Ye Lin , Li Guangxian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe long‐term stress–thermooxidative aging behavior of polyamide 6 (PA6) was studied in terms of the creep behavior, mechanical properties, chemical structure, crystallization, and orientation behavior. During aging, a thermooxidation reaction occurred, which included molecular chain degradation and crosslinking, in PA6. Meanwhile, when the samples were subjected to stress, crystallization, orientation, and chain scission were induced. In the initial stages of aging, the stress‐induced crystallization and orientation dominated; this resulted in an increase in the creep deformation, mechanical strength, crystallinity, and orientation factor. Molecular degradation and chain scission dominated in the subsequent aging process and resulted in a decrease of the mechanical strength, reduced viscosity, crystallinity, and orientation factor and an increase in the formation of oxide and peroxide products. The stress may have promoted the chain scission of PA6 during thermal aging and resulted in a decrease in the reduced viscosity and an increase in the carboxylic acid concentration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation and performance evaluations of electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone), poly(lactic acid), and their hybrid (50/50) nanofibrous mats containing thymol as an herbal drug for effective wound healing
Authors: Karami Zeinab , Rezaeian Iraj , Zahedi Payam , Abdollahi Mohammad 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe use of herbal drugs as biocompatible and nontoxic drugs without special side effects in wound dressings are highly favored compared to that of chemical and synthetic drugs. In this study, the properties and performance of electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and their 50/50 hybrid nanofibrous mats containing the herbal drug thymol (1.2% v/v) as wound dressings were investigated. The optimized solution concentrations of PCL (12% w/v) and PLA (3% w/v) in chloroform/dimethylformamide (7:3) for electrospinning were determined with viscometry and scanning electron microscopy studies to obtain smooth and beadless nanofibers. The results of the drug‐release behavior along with swelling tests showed that the electrospun 50/50 PCL/PLA hybrid nanofibers had the highest level of drug release (∼ 72%) compared with the PCL and PLA nanofibrous samples. The release kinetics of thymol from PCL, PLA, and 50/50 PCL/PLA hybrid nanofibrous mats were studied by the Peppas equation and the zero‐order, first‐order, Higuchi, and Hixon–Crowell models. Antibacterial evaluations showed that the electrospun 50/50 PCL/PLA hybrid nanofibrous samples containing thymol had satisfactory effects on Staphylococcus aureus compared with Escherichia coli bacteria during the treatment periods. In vivo rat wound‐healing and histological performance observations of thymol‐loaded 50/50 PCL/PLA nanofibrous mats, the commercial wound dressing Comfeel Plus, and gauze bandages (control) after 14‐day post‐treatment periods were evaluated. The results reveal that the electrospun 50/50 PCL/PLA hybrid nanofibers containing thymol had a remarkable wound‐closure percentage of about 92.5% after a period of 14 days. Finally, the crystallinity and thermal behavior of the electrospun 50/50 PCL/PLA hybrid nanofibrous mats with and without thymol were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Electrochemical synthesis of nanostructured polyaniline: Heat treatment and synergistic effect of simultaneous dual doping
Authors: Bhandari Subhendu , Singha Nikhil Kumar , Khastgir Dipak 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDifferent nanostructured polyaniline (PAni) has been synthesized via facile template‐free electrochemical synthesis approach in aqueous medium. Instead of conventionally used aniline, aniline sulphate was used in electrochemical polymerization. The synthesis process involves simultaneous doping with combination of inorganic and organic acid, i.e., sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and p‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) at different ratios keeping total dopant concentration constant. Synergistic increase in conductivity is observed and the best conductivity is achieved at 3:1 ratio of [H2SO4]:[PTSA]. Different nanostructures of PAni are revealed through morphological analysis consisting of nanosphere, nanorod, and clustered particles among which finer nanorods show the best electrical conductivity. Upon controlled heat treatment followed by further cooling, resistivity increases, but after one day it decreases again and in the optimized dual doped PAni, it approaches approximately the same value of initial resistance. Lattice strain and benzenoid to quinonoid ratio increases with heat treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
HistoViewer: An interactive e‐learning platform facilitating group and peer group learning
Authors: Sander Bjoern , Golas Mariola Monika 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUnderstanding tissue architecture and the morphological characteristics of cells is a central prerequisite to comprehending the basis of physiological tissue function in healthy individuals and relating this to disease states. Traditionally, medical curricula include courses where students examine glass slides of cytological or tissue samples under a light microscope. However, it is challenging to implement group and peer group learning in these courses and to give students sufficient time to study specimens. An increasing number of medical schools have thus started to implement digital slide viewers, so‐called virtual microscopes, in histology and histopathology. These websites are mostly based on standard commercial software and offer limited adaptation to the special needs of first‐year students. An e‐learning platform has therefore been developed for use in cytology and histology courses. This virtual microscopy tool is coupled to a central database in which students can label and store the positions of individual structures for later repetition. As learning in pairs and peer groups has been shown to provide a high learning outcome, identified structures can be shared and discussed with students' peers or faculty via a built‐in communication module. This website has the possibility of opening an arbitrary number of frames which all can actively be moved and changed in magnification to enable the comparison of specimens and thus encourage a more global understanding of related tissues. HistoViewer is thus suggested as an e‐learning tool combining several modern teaching concepts. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.
Proportion of neural tube defects attributable to known risk factors
Authors: Agopian A. J. , Tinker Sarah C. , Lupo Philip J. , Canfield Mark A. , Mitchell, Laura E. ,   and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecognized risk factors for neural tube defects (NTDs) poorly predict population‐level NTD risk. However, the proportion of NTDs that can be attributed to these risk factors is uncertain.METHODSTo determine the proportion of NTD cases that is attributable to known or suspected risk factors (i.e., female infant sex, family history of NTDs, and maternal Hispanic ethnicity, obesity, pregestational diabetes, gestational diabetes, low dietary folate intake, lack of folic acid supplementation, anticonvulsant use, and hot tub or sauna use), we estimated the adjusted population attributable fraction (aAF) for each factor, using the method of Eide and Geffler and data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.RESULTSOur analyses of these data indicate that the proportion of cases of spina bifida and anencephaly that can be attributed to known risk factors is 28% and 44%, respectively. For spina bifida, the factor with the greatest attributable fraction was maternal obesity (aAF, 10%), whereas for anencephaly it was Hispanic ethnicity (aAF, 15%).CONCLUSIONOur analyses indicate that known risk factors account for <50% of NTD cases. Hence, the majority of NTD cases are attributable to, as yet, unidentified factors. These findings highlight the need for continued research to identify genetic and additional nongenetic risk factors for NTDs. Further, these findings suggest that strategies that aim to reduce the risk of NTDs associated with maternal Hispanic ethnicity and obesity may have the greatest impact on the population prevalence of these conditions. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.