bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Abundance Indices for Atlantic Cod and Cusk in the Coastal Gulf of Maine from their Bycatch in the Lobster Fishery
Authors: Zhang Chongliang , Chen Yong 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Limited information is available about the abundance of Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua and Cusk Brosme brosme in the coastal Gulf of Maine because the presence of lobster traps limits commercial fishing and surveys for these species. We developed abundance indices for Atlantic Cod and Cusk from bycatch data obtained in a lobster sea sampling program. We applied generalized linear models (GLMs) to standardize Atlantic Cod and Cusk bycatch rates. The CPUE data, measured as the count of Atlantic Cod and Cusk observed per trap haul, are characterized by an extremely skewed distribution with a high percentage of zero observations. Two general approaches were applied to tackle the zero-dominated data: modeling with different error distributions and aggregating data over spatial scales. We evaluated eight models: binomial, Poisson, negative binomial, Tweedie model, hurdle model (also referred to as the delta approach) with Poisson and negative binomial distribution, and zero-inflated model with Poisson and negative binomial distribution. The data were aggregated using six grids ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 geological degrees (0.6–30 nautical miles). The standardized CPUE showed a gradual decline from 2006 to 2011, except for 2009 when a slight increase occurred for Atlantic Cod, and a general decline from 2006 to 2010 followed by an increase in 2011 for Cusk. The standardized CPUEs were consistent, in general, among the models and among different spatial aggregation scenarios, suggesting that the CPUE standardization is robust with respect to choices of data aggregation and statistical models. This study highlights the feasibility of developing abundance indices based on bycatch data for monitoring fish stock dynamics in data-limited regions.
Received September 17, 2014; accepted April 16, 2015
Nitrous oxide emission potentials of Burkholderia species isolated from the leaves of a boreal peat moss Sphagnum fuscum*
Authors: Nie Yanxia , Li Li , Wang Mengcen , Tahvanainen Teemu , Hashidoko Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Using a culture-based nitrous oxide (N2O) emission assay, three active N2O emitters were isolated from Sphagnum fuscum leaves and all identified as members of Burkholderia. These isolates showed N2O emission in the medium supplemented with but not with , and Burkholderia sp. SF-E2 showed the most efficient N2O emission (0.20 μg·vial−1·day−1) at 1.0 mM KNO3. In Burkholderia sp. SF-E2, the optimum pH for N2O production was 5.0, close to that of the phyllosphere of Sphagnum mosses, while the optimum temperature was uniquely over 30 °C. The stimulating effect of additional 1.5 mM sucrose on N2O emission was ignorable, but Burkholderia sp. SF-E2 upon exposure to 100 mg·L−1 E-caffeic acid showed uniquely 67-fold higher N2O emission. All of the three N2O emitters were negative in both acetylene inhibition assay and PCR assay for nosZ-detection, suggesting that N2O reductase or the gene itself is missing in the N2O-emitting Burkholderia.
Recent progress in studies on the health benefits of pyrroloquinoline quinone
Authors: Akagawa Mitsugu , Nakano Masahiko , Ikemoto Kazuto 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), an aromatic tricyclic o-quinone, was identified initially as a redox cofactor for bacterial dehydrogenases. Although PQQ is not biosynthesized in mammals, trace amounts of PQQ have been found in human and rat tissues because of its wide distribution in dietary sources. Importantly, nutritional studies in rodents have revealed that PQQ deficiency exhibits diverse systemic responses, including growth impairment, immune dysfunction, and abnormal reproductive performance. Although PQQ is not currently classified as a vitamin, PQQ has been implicated as an important nutrient in mammals. In recent years, PQQ has been receiving much attention owing to its physiological importance and pharmacological effects. In this article, we review the potential health benefits of PQQ with a focus on its growth-promoting activity, anti-diabetic effect, anti-oxidative action, and neuroprotective function. Additionally, we provide an update of its basic pharmacokinetics and safety information in oral ingestion.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA SIMULATED USING A 15 M☉ PROGENITOR
Authors: Lentz Eric J. , Bruenn Stephen W. , Hix W. Raphael , Mezzacappa Anthony , Messer O. E. Bronson , Endeve Eirik , Blondin John M. , Harris J. Austin , Marronetti Pedro , Yakunin Konstantin N. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
We have performed ab initio neutrino radiation hydrodynamics simulations in three and two spatial dimensions (3D and 2D) of core-collapse supernovae from the same 15 M
☉ progenitor through 440 ms after core bounce. Both 3D and 2D models achieve explosions; however, the onset of explosion (shock revival) is delayed by ∼100 ms in 3D relative to the 2D counterpart and the growth of the diagnostic explosion energy is slower. This is consistent with previously reported 3D simulations utilizing iron-core progenitors with dense mantles. In the ∼100 ms before the onset of explosion, diagnostics of neutrino heating and turbulent kinetic energy favor earlier explosion in 2D. During the delay, the angular scale of convective plumes reaching the shock surface grows and explosion in 3D is ultimately lead by a single, large-angle plume, giving the expanding shock a directional orientation not dissimilar from those imposed by axial symmetry in 2D simulations. We posit that shock revival and explosion in the 3D simulation may be delayed until sufficiently large plumes form, whereas such plumes form more rapidly in 2D, permitting earlier explosions.
Performance of EUCAST and CLSI approaches for co-amoxiclav susceptibility testing conditions for clinical categorization of a collection of Escherichia coli isolates with characterized resistance phenotypes
Authors: Díez-Aguilar María , Morosini María-Isabel , López-Cerero Lorena , Pascual Álvaro , Calvo Jorge , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Marco Francesc , Vila Jordi , Ortega Adriana , Oteo Jesús , Cantón Rafael 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Objectives
There are different methodological recommendations for in vitro testing of the co-amoxiclav combination. Performance of co-amoxiclav MIC testing for Escherichia coli by the standard ISO microdilution method (ISO 20776-1) was compared using EUCAST (fixed 2 mg/L clavulanate concentration) and CLSI (2 : 1 ratio) interpretive criteria.

Methods
MICs were determined by broth microdilution using a 2 : 1 ratio and fixed clavulanate concentrations (2 and 4 mg/L) for 160 clinical E. coli isolates with characterized resistance mechanisms. Essential agreements, categorical agreements and relative errors were determined.

Results
For all isolates, essential agreement between microdilution using 2 mg/L clavulanate and a 2 : 1 ratio was 25.6%. For ESBL-producing isolates, considering EUCAST breakpoints, 55% of isolates tested with 2 mg/L clavulanate were classified as resistant; conversely, 95% of isolates tested with 4 mg/L clavulanate were susceptible. When using CLSI breakpoints and a 2 : 1 ratio, 90% of isolates were susceptible and 10% were intermediate.

Conclusions
Variation in the clavulanate concentration gave different susceptibility testing results, particularly among ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. The in vitro concentration of clavulanate that better correlates with clinical outcome is still under debate and should be established.
Identification of dfrA14 in two distinct plasmids conferring trimethoprim resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Bossé Janine T. , Li Yanwen , Walker Stephanie , Atherton Tom , Fernandez Crespo Roberto , Williamson Susanna M. , Rogers Jon , Chaudhuri Roy R. , Weinert Lucy A. , Oshota Olusegun , Holden Matt T. G. , Maskell Duncan J. , Tucker Alexander W. , Wren Brendan W. , Rycroft Andrew N. , Langford Paul R. ,   on behalf of the BRaDP1T Consortium, Maskell Duncan J. , (Dan) Tucker Alexander W. , Peters Sarah E. , Weinert Lucy A. , (Tracy) Wang Jinhong , Luan Shi-Lu , Chaudhuri Roy R. , Rycroft Andrew N. , Maglennon Gareth A. , Matthews Dominic , Wren Brendan W. , Cuccui Jon , Terra Vanessa S. , Langford Paul R. , Bossé Janine T. , Li Yanwen 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to determine the distribution and genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from pigs in England.

Methods
Clinical isolates collected between 1998 and 2011 were tested for resistance to trimethoprim and sulphonamide. The genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance was determined by shotgun WGS analysis and the subsequent isolation and sequencing of plasmids.

Results
A total of 16 (out of 106) A. pleuropneumoniae isolates were resistant to both trimethoprim (MIC &gt;32 mg/L) and sulfisoxazole (MIC ≥256 mg/L), and a further 32 were resistant only to sulfisoxazole (MIC ≥256 mg/L). Genome sequence data for the trimethoprim-resistant isolates revealed the presence of the dfrA14 dihydrofolate reductase gene. The distribution of plasmid sequences in multiple contigs suggested the presence of two distinct dfrA14-containing plasmids in different isolates, which was confirmed by plasmid isolation and sequencing. Both plasmids encoded mobilization genes, the sulphonamide resistance gene sul2, as well as dfrA14 inserted into strA, a streptomycin-resistance-associated gene, although the gene order differed between the two plasmids. One of the plasmids further encoded the strB streptomycin-resistance-associated gene.

Conclusions
This is the first description of mobilizable plasmids conferring trimethoprim resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae and, to our knowledge, the first report of dfrA14 in any member of the Pasteurellaceae. The identification of dfrA14 conferring trimethoprim resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae isolates will facilitate PCR screens for resistance to this important antimicrobial.
On the relationships among brand experience, hedonic emotions, and brand equity
Authors: Ding Cherng G. , Tseng Timmy H. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to further examine the mediation mechanism to account for the influence of brand experience on brand loyalty by integrating the experiential view of consumption and the appraisal theory of emotion.Design/methodology/approach– An onsite interview survey was conducted in 21 stores of four service brands: Burger King, Cold Stone Creamery, McDonald’s and Starbucks Coffee. Confirmatory factor analysis is used for assessing validity and reliability. Structural equation modeling is used for examining construct relationships.Findings– Brand awareness/associations, perceived quality and hedonic emotions mediate the relationship between brand experience and brand loyalty. Hedonic emotions play a powerful mediation role. Moreover, it is the experiential view of consumption rather than the appraisal theory of emotion that plays a dominant role in accounting for the influence of brand experience on brand loyalty.Originality/value– This research extends previous studies on the relationship between brand experience and brand loyalty by adding hedonic emotions as a powerful affective mediator. Our research also contributes to practitioners by providing strategies for experiential marketing.
Asymmetric preferences for leaders and implications for followers
Authors: Wilkie Dean Charles , Johnson Les , White Lesley 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to examine leader–follower interdependence from a different perspective to learn whether variations in the market leader (ML)’s level of market strength require followers to pursue different strategies Literature investigating this interdependence largely focuses on the market share consequences for the ML, considering the strategies that followers pursue.

Design/methodology/approach
– A consumer scanner data set containing 375 followers provided input for a regression model, aimed at explaining the market share performance of followers.

Findings
– The ML’s products and level of market strength influence whether a follower should be more similar to or different from it, as well as the performance outcomes of distinct product development strategies.

Research limitations/implications
– This analysis uses unique measures of market strength and product difference; both are significant, but their robustness is limited without further substantiation.

Practical implications
– Managers must consider three factors that influence the outcomes of their product development strategies: the ML’s products, its market strength and the sum of product attribute differences across their range.

Originality/value
– This study empirically validates several theoretical arguments for how an ML influences followers’ performance, including the existence of preference asymmetry toward the ML. In turn, it makes recommendations of optimal strategies that followers should pursue. Finally, this article details a method to measure overall differences and highlights the significance of this measure for explaining a follower’s performance.
Maize systems under climate change in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Tesfaye Kindie , Gbegbelegbe Sika , Cairns Jill E , Shiferaw Bekele , Prasanna Boddupalli M , Sonder Kai , Boote Ken , Makumbi Dan , Robertson Richard 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to examine the biophysical and socioeconomic impacts of climate change on maize production and food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using adapted improved maize varieties and well-calibrated and validated bioeconomic models.Design/methodology/approach– Using the past climate (1950-2000) as a baseline, the study estimated the biophysical impacts of climate change in 2050 (2040-2069) and 2080 (2070-2099) under the A1B emission scenario and three nitrogen levels, and the socioeconomic impacts in 2050.Findings– Climate change will affect maize yields across SSA in 2050 and 2080, and the extent of the impact at a given period will vary considerably between input levels, regions and maize mega environments (MMEs). Greater relative yield reductions may occur under medium and high-input intensification than under low intensification, in Western and Southern Africa than in Eastern and Central Africa and in lowland and dry mid-altitude than in highland and wet mid-altitude MMEs. Climate change may worsen food insecurity in SSA in 2050 through its negative impact on maize consumption and reduction in daily calorie intake. However, international trade has the potential to offset some of the negative impacts.Originality/value– The study calibrated and applied bioeconomic models to estimate the biophysical and socioeconomic impact of climate change on maize production at fine resolution. The results could be used as a baseline to evaluate measures that will be applied to adapt maize to the future climate in SSA.
Climate change and adaptation on selected crops in Southern Philippines
Authors: Gomez Norma 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to assess the vulnerability of the farmer-respondents in Southern Philippines, specifically Region XI and XII, to climate change.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study conducted an empirical analysis of the impact of climate change on maize (Zea mays), banana (Musa sapientum) and durian (Durio zibethinus) production. Furthermore, it estimated the determinants of adaptation to climate change and its corresponding effect on farm productivity. The analysis used primary data from 541 farmer-respondents producing maize, banana and durian in the 6 provinces and 18 municipalities of the sample areas.

Findings
– Based on the probit estimate results, farmers adaptation decisions were influenced by information about future climate change conditions, social capital, access to formal extension and farmer-to-farmer extension. The author found from the stochastic frontier estimation in the production function that climate change adaptations exerted a significant impact on farm productivity. It helped in coping with the adverse effects and risk of climate change while increasing agricultural productivities of the farmer-respondents.

Originality/value
– This research paper will be an addition to the body of knowledge on the socioeconomic aspects on the climate change and adaptation on the production of maize, banana and durian in the case of a developing country like Southern Philippines. This will bring more insights into the adaptation strategies that are crucial to cope with climatic variability and change.
Local farmers’ experiences and perceptions of climate change in the Northern Savannah zone of Ghana
Authors: Teye Joseph Kofi , Yaro Joseph Awetori , Bawakyillenuo Simon 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine the perceptions and experiences of climate change by local farmers in the Northern Savannah zone of Ghana. Although recent scholarship shows that local people’s perceptions of climate change is necessary for devising strategies to deal with the problem, only a few researchers have examined local knowledge of climate change in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
– Primary data were collected from six rural communities in the Northern Savannah zone of Ghana, using a questionnaire survey on a sample of 530 farmers, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse variations in experience and perception of climate change.

Findings
– A majority of the farmers have noticed rising temperatures and declining rainfall. Their observations largely correspond with the evidence of changes recorded by weather monitoring stations. The perception of climate change is associated with locality of residence, gender and ownership of radio. The impacts of climate and variability include declining crop output, food insecurity and water stress. Respondents attributed changes in climatic parameters to economic activities and spiritual factors. It is recommended that environmental managers should actively involve local farmers in the design and implementation of policies to control climate change and variability.

Originality/value
– The methodology used demonstrates how multinomial logit models can be used to investigate perceptions of climate change. The research findings also provide very useful information that can be relied upon to design policies to deal with climate change and variability in Ghana.
The impact of biomass consumption on CO2emissions
Authors: Katircioglu Salih Turan 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term equilibrium relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and total biomass consumption (BC) in Turkey, which has a rich diversity of ecological conditions prevailing throughout its regions.Design/methodology/approach– Bounds tests and conditional error correction models under the autoregressive distributed lag approach have been applied to annual data that cover the 1980-2010 period.Findings– Results suggest that CO2emissions are in a long-term equilibrium relationship with total BC in Turkey. BC has a negative effect on CO2emissions; 1 per cent increase in total BC would lead to 0.029 per cent reduction in CO2emissions. Long-term coefficient of fossil fuel consumption for CO2emissions is positive and elastic, 1.247. Finally, conditional error correction model of the present study reveals that CO2emission in Turkey converges to its economic long-term equilibrium very quickly by 93.7 per cent speed of adjustment through the channel of BC and fossil fuel consumption.Originality/value– Although there have been a considerable number of studies investigating the link between total energy consumption and CO2emissions in the literature, searching the contribution of components of energy to CO2emissions deserves attention. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature by investigating the effect of BC on CO2emissions in the case of Turkey.
Occupational segregation and the gender earnings gap in China: devils in the details
Authors: Xiu Lin , Gunderson Morley 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the gender earnings gap in China with a focus on the role of differences in the occupational distribution of males and females.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use a procedure to model occupational attainments and decompose differences in earnings into an inter-occupational portion due to differences in the occupational distribution between males and females, and an intra-occupational portion due to differences in pay. The analysis is based on Chinese census data.Findings– The authors find that the male-female pay gap is virtually completely explained by wage discrimination defined as females being paid less than males within the occupation groups based on six broad occupations. Occupational segregation explains virtually none of the overall male-female pay gap, and in fact the “segregation” slightly favors women. However, the picture changes substantially when the analysis is conducted at the more disaggregate sub-occupation level within each of the six broad groups. Wage discrimination remains the prominent contributor to the pay gap across the disaggregated sub-occupations in each of the broad occupations. But there is considerable heterogeneity in the effect of occupational discrimination within the sub-occupations within the different broad occupational groups.Social implications– When females have the same occupation-determining characteristics as men, they are in lower paying sub-occupations within the professional group and to a lesser extent within manufacturing and operations jobs. There is considerable heterogeneity in the effect of occupational discrimination within the sub-occupations in the different broad occupational groups.Originality/value– The paper systematically examines the degree to which the gender earnings gap in China is due to the differences in occupational distributions of males and females, highlighting that the conventional Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions can under- or over- estimate the unexplained portion of the gender pay gap by controlling or not controlling for differences in the occupational distribution of males and females. The paper also shows that previous studies that have examined occupational segregation across aggregate occupational groups can mask important differences in the effect of occupational discrimination within the sub-occupations in the different broad occupational groups.
The impact of work hours discrepancy on employee absence
Authors: Wang Jing , Reid Frank 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the discrepancy between actual and desired weekly hours of work on employee absence.Design/methodology/approach– The authors used a nationally representative, employer-employee matched sample of over 39,000 employees and applied zero-inflated Poisson regressions.Findings– Work hours discrepancy has a significant impact on employee absence. This impact is different among employees who want to work more hours and those who want to work fewer hours.Originality/value– This study provides new insights into the determinants of employee absence and the implications of constraining employees in their choice of weekly hours of work.