bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severity of imported malaria: protective effect of taking malaria chemoprophylaxis
Authors: Vliegenthart-Jongbloed Klaske , de Mendonça Melo Mariana , van Wolfswinkel Marlies E , Koelewijn Rob , van Hellemond Jaap J , van Genderen Perry JJ 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Although chemoprophylaxis remains an important strategy for preventing malaria in travellers, its effectiveness may be compromised by lack of adherence. Inappropriate use of chemoprophylaxis is likely to increase the risk of acquiring malaria, but may probably also worsen the severity of imported cases. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of use of malaria chemoprophylaxis on clinical features and outcome of imported malaria.

Methods
Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of patients included in the Rotterdam Malaria Cohort between 1998 and 2011 were systematically collected and analysed. Patients were classified as self-reported compliant or non-compliant users or as non-users of chemoprophylaxis. Severe malaria was defined using the 2010 WHO criteria.

Results
Details on chemoprophylaxis were available for 559 of the 604 patients, of which 64.6% were non-users, 17.9% were inadequate users and 17.5% reported to be adequate users. The group of non-users was predominated by patients with African ethnicity, partial immunity and people visiting friends and relatives. The majority contracted Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In contrast, compliant users acquired non-falciparum malaria more frequently, had significant lower P. falciparum loads on admission, shorter duration of hospitalization and significant lower odds for severe malaria as compared with non-users. Patients with P. falciparum malaria were more likely to have taken their chemoprophylaxis less compliantly than those infected with non-P. falciparum species. Multivariate analysis showed that self-reported adequate prophylaxis and being a partially immune traveller visiting friends and relatives was associated with significantly lower odds ratio of severe malaria. In contrast, age, acquisition of malaria in West-Africa and being a non-immune tourist increased their risk significantly.

Conclusions
Compliant use of malaria chemoprophylaxis was associated with significantly lower odds ratios for severe malaria as compared with non-compliant users and non-users of chemoprophylaxis. After correction for age, gender and immunity, this protective effect of malaria chemoprophylaxis was present only in individuals who adhered compliantly to use of chemoprophylaxis. Patients with P. falciparum malaria were more likely to have used their chemoprophylaxis less compliantly than patients with non-P. falciparum malaria who were more likely to have contracted malaria in spite of compliant use of chemoprophylaxis.
FGFR3 has tumor suppressor properties in cells with epithelial phenotype
Authors: Lafitte Marie , Moranvillier Isabelle , Garcia Stéphane , Peuchant Evelyne , Iovanna Juan , Rousseau Benoit , Dubus Pierre , Guyonnet-Dupérat Véronique , Belleannée Geneviève , Ramos Jeanne , Bedel Aurélie , de Verneuil Hubert , Moreau-Gaudry François , Dabernat Sandrine 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Due to frequent mutations in certain cancers, FGFR3 gene is considered as an oncogene. However, in some normal tissues, FGFR3 can limit cell growth and promote cell differentiation. Thus, FGFR3 action appears paradoxical.

Results
FGFR3 expression was forced in pancreatic cell lines. The receptor exerted dual effects: it suppressed tumor growth in pancreatic epithelial-like cells and had oncogenic properties in pancreatic mesenchymal-like cells. Distinct exclusive pathways were activated, STATs in epithelial-like cells and MAP Kinases in mesenchymal-like cells. Both FGFR3 splice variants had similar effects and used the same intracellular signaling. In human pancreatic carcinoma tissues, levels of FGFR3 dropped in tumors.

Conclusion
In tumors from epithelial origin, FGFR3 signal can limit tumor growth, explaining why the 4p16.3 locus bearing FGFR3 is frequently lost and why activating mutations of FGFR3 in benign or low grade tumors of epithelial origin are associated with good prognosis. The new hypothesis that FGFR3 can harbor both tumor suppressive and oncogenic properties is crucial in the context of targeted therapies involving specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). TKIs against FGFR3 might result in adverse effects if used in the wrong cell context.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Neuropathological and neuroprotective features of vitamin B12 on the dorsal spinal ganglion of rats after the experimental crush of sciatic nerve: an experimental study
Authors: Hobbenaghi Rahim , Javanbakht Javad , Hosseini Ehan , Mohammadi Shahin , Rajabian Mojtaba , Moayeri Pedram , Aghamohammad hassan Mehdi 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Spinal motoneuron neuroprotection by vitaminB12 was previously reported; the present study was carried out to evaluate neuroprotectivity in the dorsal root ganglion sensory neuron.

Methods
In present study thirty-six Wister-Albino rats (aged 8–9 weeks and weighing 200–250 g) were tested. The animals were randomly divided into 6 groups which every group contained 6 rats. Group A: received normal saline (for 42 days); Group B: vitamin B12 was administered (0.5 mg/kg/day for 21 days); Group C: received vitamin B12 (1 mg/kg/day for 21days); Group D: received vitamin B12 (0.5 mg/kg/day for 42 days); Group E; received vitamin B12 (1 mg/kg/day for 42 days); Group F; received no treatment. The L5 Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) neurons count compared to the number of left and right neurons .Furthermore, DRG sensory neurons for regeneration were evaluated 21 or 42 days after injury (each group was analyzed by One-Way ANOVA test).

Results
(1): The comparison of left crushed neurons (LCN) number with right non-crushed neurons in all experimental groups (B, C, D and C), indicating a significant decline in their neurons enumeration (p<0/05). (2): The comparison of test group’s LCN with the control group’s LCN revealed a significant rise in the number of experimental group neurons (p<0/05). (3): Moreover, comparing the number of right neurons in experimental groups with the number of neurons in crushed neurons indicated that the average number of right neurons showed a significant increase in experimental groups (p<0/05).

Conclusion
Consequently, the probability of nerve regeneration will be increased by the increment of the administered drug dosage and duration. On the other hand, the regeneration and healing in Dorsal Spinal Ganglion will be improved by increase of administration time and vitamin B12 dose, indicating that such vitamin was able to progress recovery process of peripheral nerves damage in experimental rats. Finally, our results have important implications for elucidating the mechanisms of nerve regeneration. Moreover, the results showed that vitaminB12 had a proliferative effect on the dorsal root ganglion sensory neuron.

Virtual slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/7395141841009256
Estimating exome genotyping accuracy by comparing to data from large scale sequencing projects
Authors: Heinrich Verena , Kamphans Tom , Stange Jens , Parkhomchuk Dmitri , Hecht Jochen , Dickhaus Thorsten , Robinson Peter N , Krawitz Peter M 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWith exome sequencing becoming a tool for mutation detection in routine diagnostics there is an increasing need for platform-independent methods of quality control. We present a genotype-weighted metric that allows comparison of all the variant calls of an exome to a high-quality reference dataset of an ethnically matched population. The exome-wide genotyping accuracy is estimated from the distance to this reference set, and does not require any further knowledge about data generation or the bioinformatics involved. The distances of our metric are visualized by non-metric multidimensional scaling and serve as an intuitive, standardizable score for the quality assessment of exome data.
The human fetal lymphocyte lineage: identification by CD27 and LIN28B expression in B cell progenitors
Authors: McWilliams Laurie , Su Kuei-Ying , Liang Xiaoe , Liao Dongmei , Floyd Serina , Amos Joshua , Moody M Anthony , Kelsoe Garnett , Kuraoka Masayuki 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTCD27, a member of the TNFR superfamily, is used to identify human memory B cells. Nonetheless, CD27+ B cells are present in patients with HIGM1 syndrome who are unable to generate GCs or memory B cells. CD27+IgD+ fetal B cells are present in umbilical cord blood, and CD27 may also be a marker of the human B1-like B cells. To define the origin of naïve CD27+IgD+ human B cells, we studied B cell development in both fetal and adult tissues. In human FL, most CD19+ cells coexpressed CD10, a marker of human developing B cells. Some CD19+CD10+ B cells expressed CD27, and these fetal CD27+ cells were present in the pro-B, pre-B, and immature/transitional B cell compartments. Lower frequencies of phenotypically identical cells were also identified in adult BM. CD27+ pro-B, pre-B, and immature/transitional B cells expressed recombination activating gene-1, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and Vpre-B mRNA comparably to their CD27− counterparts. CD27+ and CD27− developing B cells showed similar Ig heavy chain gene usage with low levels of mutations, suggesting that CD27+ developing B cells are distinct from mutated memory B cells. Despite these similarities, CD27+ developing B cells differed from CD27− developing B cells by their increased expression of LIN28B, a transcription factor associated with the fetal lymphoid lineages of mice. Furthermore, CD27+ pro-B cells efficiently generated IgM+IgD+ immature/transitional B cells in vitro. Our observations suggest that CD27 expression during B cell development identifies a physiologic state or lineage for human B cell development distinct from the memory B cell compartment.
Photo-induced switchable TiO2 thin films for biological applications
Authors: Berger Olena , Fischer W.-J. 
Published: July 2013

Titanium and its alloys are key materials for biomedical applications due to their unique combination of high biocompatibility and mechanical strength. The interface between implant and tissue can be improved by titanium oxide coatings. Titanium oxide thin films prepared by electron beam deposition with well-defined structure, phase composition, morphology and local surface chemistry have been used in a study of the correlation between physicochemical surface characteristics and their biocompatibility, which have been shown dependent on preparation method and deposition parameters. In this study, three independent measurement methods were used for the determination of surface groups and charge: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrokinetic and contact angle measurements. The behavior of the thin titanium oxide films exposed to fibroblast L929 cells was studied. The aim of this study was to functionalize the oxide surfaces by controlling their properties through either defects introduced using high-temperature annealing, UV-light and/or modifier atoms as well as by molecules adsorbed at the surface, in particular, the formation of hydroxide groups. It was found that UV-light drives a switchable biocompatible titanium oxide surface, changing the surface charge polarity which increases or decreases the wettability of the films and the growth of the cells on the film’s surface correspondingly.
Trapping Mechanism of Nanofluids on Migrating Fines in Sand
Authors: Ogolo N. A. , Onyekonwu M. O. , Akaranta O. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Some nanoparticles and fluid dispersants that have the capacity to control migrating fines in formations have been investigated. The primary mechanisms through which fines were trapped and prevented from migrating were electrostatic forces of adsorption of which the pH value of the nanofluids played a significant role. The pH values and zeta potential of the nanofluids, the points of zero charge of the nanofluids and the surface charge density were used to explain the trapping of fines in the presence of some nanoparticles. The likely forces between the nanoparticle compounds and clayey fines that results in trapping and preventing fines migration were also studied. It is speculated that two or more forces of attraction contribute together to trap and prevent fines in sands from further migration.
Results indicate that aluminium oxide nanoparticle has a high capacity to trap fines and prevent them from migrating in sands. The pH value of aluminium oxide in distilled water, brine and ethanol were the lowest, implying that their zeta potentials were high and so contributed to the good performance of the nanoparticles. The high surface charge density of aluminium was also a contributing factor. With distilled water, brine and ethanol, more fines were trapped in the absence of crude oil than in the presence of crude however, in the presence of crude oil, diesel trapped the most fines. These could have occurred mainly as a result of various intermolecular interactions. It was concluded that the pH values of the nanofluids and its related properties work together with electrostatic forces of attraction to trap migrating fines in sands.
Promises of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Reducing Errors in Complex Flow and Pressure Losses Calculations in Multiphase Fluid Flow in Oil Wells
Authors: Adebayo Abdulrauf R. , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez , Al-Shammari Ahmad T. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Empirical correlations normally used to calculate pressure losses in vertical and horizontal pipes involve complex calculations that normally rely on estimation of other complex parameters such as liquid hold up and flow regimes before arriving at values of pressure losses. Errors in estimation of hold up and flow regimes using empirical correlations propagate to error in pressure loss calculation. Hence, available empirical correlations perform pressure loss calculations with certain degree of errors which can translate to poor design of production systems. Our objective is therefore to use new techniques-artificial intelligence techniques- to calculate pressure losses during natural flow of multiphase fluid through tubing in vertical wells. The method uses some real multiphase fluid flow data (such as pressure losses, flow and fluid properties) with which an artificial intelligence is developed and trained to understand the relationship between pressure losses with fluid and flow properties. The artificial intelligence is subsequently used to perform similar calculations under new fluid properties and flowing conditions. In the literature, many papers have shown that artificial neural network (ANN) technique can estimate multiphase pressure loses more accurately than some selected empirical models. However, to the best of our knowledge, none or few papers have shown the applicability of support vector machine which is another powerful AI technique. In this paper, we applied two AI techniques-artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) to predict bottom-hole pressure in a multiphase flow well using field data and we then compared results with some commonly used empirical correlations commonly used in the industry using graphical and statistical error analysis. The empirical correlations used are: Duns and Ros; Hagedorn and Brown; Fancher and Brown; Mukherjee and Brill; Beggs and Brill; Orkizewski; and Petroleum experts II. Our results showed that the two AI methods predicted bottom-hole pressure with accuracies higher than the empirical models. The correlations of coefficient and results error analysis for all the models are presented in tabular and graphical forms for ease of comparison. Finally, it is worth mentioning that artificial intelligence is an emerging technology currently used in the petroleum industry to solve complex engineering problems and its application in multiphase pressure calculations is promising as shown in this paper.
The Efficiency of Hurt Based Approach in Improving Personnel Safety
Authors: Darlington Etaje , Abdulkarim Mohammed , Ibe James 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Treatment Based Approach is the traditional approach used in personnel safety which is to "classify" actual incident consequence into categories based on the type of treatments. These includes: Loss Time Incident, LTI; Restricted Work Incident, RWI; Medical Treatment Incident, MTI; and First Aid Incident, FAI. Although treatment based approach gives historical metrics that are common across entire industries, provides comparisons on a similar basis and is consistent with many government reporting requirements. However, it has shortcomings because it's not descriptive of actual injury severity and it does not include potential injury severity therefore low consequence-high potential safety events (minor hurt, near misses) are often overlooked or simply not reported, investigated, or shared for lessons. It does not enable a culture of care. This implies that workforce can view safety focus to be on reducing the number of recordables (often by minimizing treatment) and not on the elimination of injuries. Therefore, there is a need to address potential severity in order to identify low consequence incidents that could have been severe or fatal and help determine the depth of investigation requirements (in addition to actual severity).
This paper analyzes the efficiency of a highly reputable company's ‘Hurt Based Approach’ to safety and the intention is to share this good practice with all interested parties hence the reason for this paper. The hurt based approach is used to identify the integral potential and consistent actual severity of an incident and also used as a cultural enabler. A comparison between ‘treatment based approach’ and ‘hurt based approach’ will be shown in this proposed paper using the selected company as a case study. Results and historical statistics revealed that there were significant reduction in number of workforce hurt and rate of workforce hurt (THIR) when using the ‘hurt based approach’.
Breakthrough Time Correlations for Coning in Bottom Water Supported Reservoirs
Authors: Amarfio Eric Mensah , Igbokoyi A. O 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper investigates the development and behaviour of cones (both water and gas cones) in oil reservoirs supported by strong aquifer, and from which analytical correlations are developed for quick engineering estimates of the time for water/gas cones to break into the perforations of the producing wells. The studies treated the cone development and breakthrough times in both horizontal and vertical well producing reservoirs and made analysis on them. The Ozkan and Raghavan (1990) method was employed as the base approach in the modeling of the cones in both horizontal and vertical well. The developed models were then run on field data, the results were graphically represented in both the horizontal and vertical well cases. Analytical correlations were then developed from the results obtained for the breakthrough time estimations, which are simpler, compared to literature (Ozkan et al correlations, 1990) but give close results on same example case. This work actually employs the dimensionless (or the normalized approach) system to curtail the units complexities and represent the results in a more generalized form. These analytical correlations can be leveraged on to plan better future recompletion strategy as they provide an engineering estimate of when water breaks into the production wells.
Education and Training: A Sine Qua Non for Professionalism in the Oil and Gas Sector
Authors: Anekwe Ifeoma Eucharia , Orodu Oyinkepreye D. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A number of countries in Africa are leveraging on her oil and gas as the major source of government revenue. As such, if these natural resources are produced and exploited in an unsustainable manner and depleted, these could lead to adverse effect on the economy in terms of the much needed revenue and host communities' livelihood. The activities in upstream, middle stream and downstream of the industry; the further discoveries offshore, particularly in deep waters; the spring up of local players in the E&P for marginal and brown field development; the local content drive; sustainable refined petroleum products capacity for the nation and the expectations of the Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) in Nigeria requires ‘fit-for-purpose’ caliber of human resources/manpower in the skilled and semi-skilled cadre. As such the human capital within this sector must be highly trained and skilled to meet up with the needed production increase, global demands, standards and best practices in the industry. Professionalism is a long and wide concept; even though, it is often neglected by most individuals and organizations. It is made up of education, training, technical assistance and time. It is the dividing line between the developed and underdeveloped communities. It is the hallmark of all laudable solutions, creativities, and innovations. It is hard for Africa's oil and gas sector to meet up with the growing trends of globalization without professionalism. In the light of the foregoing, this research work seeks to carry out a comprehensive diagnosis and dialysis on how to boost educational training and professionalism in the oil and gas sector in Africa.
An Application of Experimental Design to Increase the Likelihood of Success in a Brown Field Re-Development
Authors: Sonde Adekoyejo , Ayeni Olumide 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Oil reservoirs developed under a natural depletion scheme usually leave behind a significant portion of the discovered oil and while in-fill drilling is a logical choice to recovering more oil from these reservoirs, there is always the challenge of locating the remaining oil and optimally placing new wells within these ‘sweet spots’.
3-Dimensional (3-D) dynamic modelling and 4-D seismic are well developed methods of establishing post-production saturation distributions and a combination of both methods further increase the confidence of the post-production saturation distributions predicted. Even then however, these methods are not infallible. Experimental design methods when integrated into dynamic modelling enable a logical and systematic interpretation/utilisation of all available data to understand the extent and impact of uncertainties, an understanding which can help make robust decisions about these re-developments.
The reservoir of interest (Level 1X) is an oil rim reservoir with a 36-year production history from 6 wells. All the existing completions in the reservoir were used to develop the oil-rim. To evaluate the option of developing the gas cap of the reservoir, a technical review of the oil rim had to be carried out to assess the existing developments and evaluate the possibility of further development opportunities in the oil rim prior to the gas cap blow down.
Over the area of this field, 4-D seismic was not available and while the traditional dynamic reservoir modelling method could be used to plan further development, the oil rim nature of the reservoir coupled with reservoir uncertainties (such as oil-water and gas-oil contacts) meant a second method would give further credence to any analyses of the reservoir and the proposals resulting from such analyses. This paper demonstrates how experimental design, incorporated into dynamic simulation, has been applied to the reservoir study to achieve the following:
Integration of practically all data into the study (not a pre-selected value for each uncertainty) Allowing available data to guide the history match of the reservoir (History matches evolve/drop out of data) thus increasing confidence in the calibrated (low, mid and high case) models. Allowing a selection of a high confidence case re-development strategy.