bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxazolidine Sulfur Ylides Derived from Phenylglycinol for the Specific and Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aryl and Alkyl trans‐Epoxyamides
Authors: Gordillo Paola G. , Aparicio David M. , Flores Marcos , Mendoza Angel , Orea Laura , Juárez Jorge R. , Huelgas Gabriela , Gnecco Dino , Terán Joel L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAryl and alkyl chiral oxazolidine sulfonium salts with cis and trans dispositions derived from (–)‐(R)‐2‐phenylglycinol were demonstrated to be good to excellent chiral auxiliaries for the diastereoselective synthesis of (2R,3S)‐trans‐epoxyamides. Interestingly, the diastereoselective outcome depends on the stereochemistry of the chiral center at the C‐4 position of the oxazole moiety. The stereoselectivities were consistent even for aliphatic aldehydes.
Transport of Cesium Ion Across a Bilayer Lipid Membrane and Its Facilitation in the Presence of Iodide Ion
Authors: Shirai Osamu , Ohnuki Toshihiko , Kitazumi Yuki , Kano Kenji 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe ion transport current was clearly observed across a bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) between two aqueous phases (W1, W2) containing 0.1 M CsCl. This indicates that Cs+ can spontaneously penetrate the BLM in the absence of any kind of transporter. In addition, the current density at a given potential between W1 and W2 increased using I− instead of Cl− as the counter ion. Our results strongly suggest that the cell membrane transport is partially responsible for the internal exposure of 134Cs and 137Cs.
A Highly Sensitive Method for Determination of Monobutyltin in Aqueous Media by Stripping Voltammetry at a Renewable Silver Amalgam Annular Band Electrode
Authors: Niewiara Ewa 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn adsorptive stripping voltammetric (AdSV) procedure for the determination of monobutyltin in aqueous media at a silver liquid amalgam film‐modified silver solid amalgam annular band electrode (AgLAFAgSAE) is described. Determination of monobutyltin proceeds in two steps. At the beginning monobutyltin ions (BuSn3+) are accumulated from 0.1 M NH4NO3 and 10 % ethanol solution at a potential of −0.2 V, than the BuSn0 film is preconcentrated at the working electrode surface at a potential of −0.7 V. After this step the DP AdSV voltammogram is recorded. The analytical parameters and the procedure of the electrode regeneration and activation were optimized. The calibration curve of monobutyltin in the range 0.02–0.30 mg L−1 is linear (r=0.9973). The detection limit for 5 s of preconcentration, calculated as 3σ of the blank was equal to 0.004 mg L−1, repeatability of the peak current was 1.8 % (n=5). Repeatability and sensitivity of monobutyltin determination depends strongly on the analyzed solution properties, measurement conditions and the working electrode quality. The proposed procedure was tested by means of monobutyltin determination in tap waters.
Ret inhibition decreases growth and metastatic potential of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells
Authors: Gattelli Albana , Nalvarte Ivan , Boulay Anne , Roloff Tim C. , Schreiber Martin , Carragher Neil , Macleod Kenneth K. , Schlederer Michaela , Lienhard Susanne , Kenner Lukas , Torres‐Arzayus Maria I. , Hynes Nancy E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe show that elevated levels of Ret receptor are found in different sub‐types of human breast cancers and that high Ret correlates with decreased metastasis‐free survival. The role of Ret in ER+ breast cancer models was explored combining in vitro and in vivo approaches. Our analyses revealed that ligand‐induced Ret activation: (i) stimulates migration of breast cancer cells; (ii) rescues cells from anti‐proliferative effects of endocrine treatment and (iii) stimulates expression of cytokines in the presence of endocrine agents. Indeed, we uncovered a positive feed‐forward loop between the inflammatory cytokine IL6 and Ret that links them at the expression and the functional level. In vivo inhibition of Ret in a metastatic breast cancer model inhibits tumour outgrowth and metastatic potential. Ret inhibition blocks the feed‐forward loop by down‐regulating Ret levels, as well as decreasing activity of Fak, an integrator of IL6‐Ret signalling. Our results suggest that Ret kinase should be considered as a novel therapeutic target in subsets of breast cancer.
Electrochemical Fabrication of Coaxial Wavy‐Channel NiIIIO(OH)/Ni Nanocomposites for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrode Materials
Authors: Tsang Chun‐Kwan , Zeng Shanshan , Cheng Hua , Zheng Lingxia , Zhang Jie , Li Hui , Shu Shi‐Wei , Hung Tak Fu , Lu Jian , Li Yang Yang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe supercapacitor electrode material reported herein is a type of NiIIIO(OH)/Ni coaxial nanocomposite with NiIIIO(OH) wrapping around a Ni scaffold, featuring vertically oriented nanochannels with periodically‐corrugated channel walls. A Ni scaffold was constructed through the electrodeposition of a Ni–Cu alloy film by using a square‐wave voltage followed by a dealloying treatment to selectively remove Cu. By further coating the fabricated Ni framework with NiIIIO(OH) through anodic electrodeposition, we obtained wavy‐channel NiIIIO(OH)/Ni coaxial nanostructures, which readily served as a supercapacitor electrode. The as‐fabricated supercapacitor electrode exhibited superior performance with a remarkable specific capacitance (SC) of 2372 F g−1 (after the contribution from the bare Ni scaffold was subtracted), measured at the charge and discharge rate of 1 A g−1. This is 48 % higher than the straight‐channel counterpart and is almost a three‐fold increase compared to the compact NiIIIO(OH) thin film. Moreover, superior cycling stability was achieved at high charge and discharge current densities, for example, only 10 % of the SC was lost over the first 200 cycles with no further change in the subsequent 800 cycles at 50 A g−1.
Neurosurgical Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa: Review of the Literature from Leucotomy to Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Lipsman Nir , Woodside D. Blake , Giacobbe Peter , Lozano Andres M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper reviews the literature on the surgical treatment of refractory anorexia nervosa (AN) and examines how this literature can inform current circuit models of the disease. The literature contains reports of 35 patients undergoing a neurosurgical procedure for the specific treatment of refractory AN, with the first reported operation, a lobotomy, in 1950. All patients were deemed treatment resistant according to contemporary standards, with the nature of the procedure changing with evolving surgical techniques and methods. All procedures targeted the limbic system and, in a majority of cases, were associated with reported symptomatic improvement. Neurosurgery in AN has been, and continues to be, reserved for patients with chronic and life‐threatening illness, for whom conventional treatment has failed. Early procedures, which were viewed as life‐saving measures, were crude by today's standards but targeted anatomic structures and pathways implicated in modern models of AN. The last decade has seen a concerted effort in elucidating the neurocircuitry underlying prominent etiologic and maintaining factors in AN, including mood, anxiety and dysfunctional reward processing. This has translated into the development of novel, focused therapeutic options for patients with treatment‐refractory AN. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Evaluating proxies for estimating subaerial beach volume change across increasing time scales and various morphologies
Authors: Theuerkauf Ethan J. , Rodriguez Antonio B. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTProxies, such as changes in beach profiles and shoreline positions, are commonly used in management and research for estimating changes in subaerial beach volume; however, the accuracy of these proxies across increasing time scales and complex morphologies is unclear. Volume changes associated with along‐beach morphologic variability may not be captured well by changes in profiles, while volume changes associated with across‐beach morphologic variability may not be captured well by measuring shoreline change. This study assesses the impacts of morphologic variations, associated with beach cusps and nourishment material, on volume change estimates from profiles and shoreline change at 0.5 to 3.5 year time periods. Results indicate that profiles spaced ≥ 150 m apart and the shoreline‐change proxy will likely estimate volume change inaccurately over periods ≤ 1 year at beaches that are consistently eroding or accreting and contain cusps. However, over longer time periods (1–3.5 years), estimates of volume change from both proxies improved at those types of beaches. Volume changes at the edges of nourishment areas are not captured well by profiles. When the nourishment material is graded to a ramped morphology, which minimizes across‐beach morphologic variability, the shoreline‐change proxy does accurately estimate volume changes. Both proxies estimate volume changes inaccurately at beaches where volume changes oscillate between erosion and accretion on both short and long time scales because the magnitude of small‐scale changes in volume from the formation and erosion of morphologic features, such as cusps and berms, will always be similar to the longer‐term net volume change. This study suggests that decadal records of shoreline change, which are commonly developed using aerial photography, can be used to help identify the best proxy for estimating volume change; however, recent anthropogenic modifications that impact patterns of beach sedimentation, including nourishment, terminal groins, and inlet‐channel dredging, makes decadal records less useful. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using air photos to parameterize landscape predictors of channel wetted width
Authors: Rawlins B. G. , Clark L. , Boyd D. S. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe investigated which landscape and climate‐related data (including information on hydrological source of flow) were statistically significant predictors of channel wetted width (WW) across a sizeable (2200 km2) region of the UK. This was conducted specifically when flow was less than mean daily flow (MDF) and where channels are in a near natural state. Orthorectified air photos at 25 cm spatial resolution were used to measure WW, with the magnitude of the errors in these measurements quantified. We used flow information from local gauging stations to ensure that channels were below MDF for the days on which the air photos were captured. The root mean squared difference between the field and air photo measurements of WW (n = 28 sites) was small (0.14 m) in comparison to median WW (3.07 m).We created points along sections of channels visible in air photos and used a terrain model to create drainage catchments for these points and computed their catchment area (CA). We selected a subset of points (n = 472) and measured their WW from air photos, and computed landscape‐related data for each of their catchments (mean slope, mean annual rainfall, land cover type, elevation) and also mean BFIHOST, a quantitative index relating to hydrological source of flow. We used a linear mixed model to predict WW by including the landscape data (including CA0.5) as fixed effects, plus a spatial covariance function estimated by residual maximum likelihood to determine unbiased estimates of the predictors. There was no evidence for retaining the spatial covariance function. With the exception of land cover, all the predictors were statistically significant and accounted for 76% of the variance of WW. When CA0.5alone was used as a predictor it captured 54% of the variance. The vast majority of this difference was due to inclusion of an interaction between CA and hydrological source of flow (BFIHOST). As catchment area increases, those channels with larger mean catchment BFIHOST values (greater proportion of baseflow contribution) have narrower WW in comparison with those having smaller mean BFIHOST for the same CA. Improved predictions of channel WW (based on our findings) could be used in channel restoration. © 2013 British Geological Survey. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Niobium Dioxide Facilitating Methanol Electrooxidation on Pt/C Catalyst by Synergistic Effect
Authors: Zhang N. , Zhang S. , Gao Y. , Yin G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this work, Pt nanoparticles are deposited on NbO2‐modified carbon composites and evaluated as promising direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) electrocatalysts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicate that Pt nanoparticles (about 2.5 nm) are uniformly dispersed on NbO2‐modified carbon composites. Electrochemical measurements show that the mass activity toward methanol electrooxidation on Pt/NbO2‐C is as high as 3.0 times that of conventional Pt/C. Meanwhile, the onset potential of CO oxidation is negatively shifted by about 46 mV as compared with that of Pt/C, which means that the synergistic effect between NbO2 and Pt facilitates the feasible removal of poisoning intermediate CO during methanol electrooxidation. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations reveal the electron transfer from Nb to Pt, which suppress the poisoning CO adsorption on Pt nanoparticles and facilitate methanol electrooxidation. NbO2 nanoparticles facilitate methanol electrooxidation on Pt/C catalyst by synergistic effect and electronic effect, which represents a step in the right direction for the development of excellent fuel cell anode electrocatalysts.
Analysis of Design Parameters in Anode‐Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Bozorgmehri S. , Hamedi M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAchieving high performance from a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) requires optimal design based on parametric analysis. In this paper, design parameters, including anode support porosity, thicknesses of electrolyte, anode support, and cathode functional layers of a single, intermediate temperature, anode‐supported planar SOFC, are analyzed. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique based on an artificial neural network (ANN) model is used. The effects of the cell parameters on its performance are calculated to determine the significant design factors and interaction effects. The obtained optimum parameters are adopted to manufacture the single units of an SOFC through tape casting and screen‐printing processes. The cell is tested and its electrochemical characteristics, which show a satisfactory performance, are discussed. The measured maximum power density (MPD) of the fabricated SOFC displays a promising performance of 1.39 W cm–2. The manufacturing process planned to fabricate the SOFC can be used for industrial production purposes.
Winter motion mediates dynamic response of the Greenland Ice Sheet to warmer summers
Authors: Sole Andrew , Nienow Peter , Bartholomew Ian , Mair Douglas , Cowton Thomas , Tedstone Andrew , King Matt A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe present ice velocities from a land‐terminating transect extending >115 km into the western Greenland Ice Sheet during three contrasting melt years (2009–2011) to determine whether enhanced melting accelerates dynamic mass loss. We find no significant correlation between surface melt and annual ice flow. There is however a positive correlation between melt and summer ice displacement, but a negative correlation with winter displacement. This response is consistent with hydro‐dynamic coupling; enhanced summer ice flow results from longer periods of increasing surface melting and greater duration ice surface to bed connections, while reduced winter motion is explicable by drainage of high basal water pressure regions by larger more extensive subglacial channels. Despite mean interannual surface melt variability of up to 70%, mean annual ice velocities changed by <7.5%. Increased summer melting thereby preconditions the ice‐bed interface for reduced winter motion resulting in limited dynamic sensitivity to interannual variations in surface melting.
Systematic ENSO‐driven nutrient variability recorded by central equatorial Pacific corals
Authors: LaVigne Michèle , Nurhati Intan S. , Cobb Kim M. , McGregor Helen V. , Sinclair Daniel , Sherrell Robert M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractVariations in ocean productivity are driven largely by nutrient supply to the photic zone, but temporal records of nutrient variability are sparse. Here we show scleractinian coral P/Ca proxy records of variations in phosphate concentrations during El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles in the central equatorial Pacific. Covarying P/Ca records in Porites corals from Christmas and Fanning Islands show a regional ~40% decrease during the upwelling relaxation of the 1997–1998 El Niño, consistent with less frequent nutrient measurements from this area. Similar ~35–45% skeletal P/Ca decreases occur during the 1982–1983 and 1986–1987 El Niño events, which predate satellite color and regional nutrient measurements. After each El Niño event, nutrient increases lag temperature recovery by 4–12 months, likely reflecting uptake by massive phytoplankton blooms that followed resumption of upwelling. The results support the utility of coral P/Ca to probe the mechanisms linking ENSO, equatorial upwelling, and carbon cycling in the past.
A SHORT NOTE ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITY IN FEMALE BODY WEIGHT
Authors: Deuchert Eva , Cabus Sofie , Tafreschi Darjusch 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe origin of the obesity epidemic in developing countries is still poorly understood. It has been prominently argued that economic development provides a natural interpretation of the growth in obesity. This paper tests the main aggregated predictions of the theoretical framework to analyze obesity. Average body weight and health inequality should be associated with economic development. Both hypotheses are confirmed: we find higher average female body weight in economically more advanced countries. In relatively nondeveloped countries, obesity is a phenomenon of the socioeconomic elite. With economic development, obesity shifts toward individuals with lower socioeconomic status. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A STUDY ON SOME PARAMETERS WHICH CAN AFFECT PROJECT IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY IN IRRIGATION NETWORKS
Authors: Koç Cengiz 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, some parameters that can affect project irrigation efficiency in irrigation schemes operated and constructed by State Hydraulic Works (DSI) in the Büyük Menderes basin, Turkey, were selected, and the effects on the project irrigation efficiency of these parameters were studied. The selected parameters are irrigation rate, density of irrigation facilities, average farm size, density of distribution scheme, and density of personnel per unit area. In order to determine the possible effects on the project irrigation efficiency of these parameters, SPSS‐15 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences‐15) software was used. With this method, partial correlation coefficients related to selected parameters were calculated, and degrees of relationship and possible effects on project irrigation efficiency were determined. Also, in order to determine the parameter values that may make standardize the project irrigation efficiency, parameter coefficients were calculated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tropisetron alleviate early post‐operative pain after gynecological laparoscopy in sevoflurane based general anaesthesia: A randomized, parallel‐group, factorial study
Authors: Mei W. , Li M. , Yu Y. , Cheung C.W. , Cao F. , Nie B. , Zhang Z. , Wang P. , Tian Y. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundStudies have suggested that 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐3A (5‐HT‐3A) receptor antagonists may have analgesic effects. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, factorial study tested the hypothesis that 5‐HT‐3A receptor antagonist tropisetron attenuates post‐operative pain in women receiving either sevoflurane or propofol based anaesthesia.MethodsTwo hundred and ninety‐six women undergoing gynaecological laparoscopies were randomly assigned to be anaesthetized with either sevoflurane or propofol. Immediately after the induction of anaesthesia, the anaesthesiologist administered either tropisetron 2 mg or a placebo intravenously. Pain score at rest at 0.5 h post‐operatively reported using a numerical rating scale was the primary outcome measure. The secondary outcome measures included pain score at rest every 2 h within the first 24 h post‐operatively, duration of post‐anaesthesia care unit stay, incidence of post‐operative nausea and vomiting, the incidence of shivering and score of the Quality of Recovery Score 40.ResultsCompared with placebo, tropisetron produced a statistically significant decrease on pain report within the first 6 h post‐operatively in the sevoflurane‐based anaesthesia group (3 [2, 4] vs. 5 [4, 5], p < 0.001 in 0.5 h; 2 [0, 4] vs. 3 [3, 5], p < 0.001 in 2 h; 2 [0, 3] vs. 3 [1, 4], p = 0.002 in 4 h; 1 [0, 3] vs. 2 [1, 4], p = 0.016 in 6 h), but not in the propofol‐based group.ConclusionsA single‐dose intravenous administration of tropisetron after anaesthesia induction is associated with statistically significant decreased early post‐operative pain in patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopies under sevoflurane based general anaesthesia.
Neuroprotective Effects of NicotinamideN‐Methyltransferase and its Metabolite 1‐Methylnicotinamide
Authors: Milani Zeinab H. , Ramsden David B. , Parsons Richard B. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTNicotinamideN‐methyltransferase (NNMT, E.C. 2.1.1.1) catalyses theN‐methylation of nicotinamide to 1‐methylnicotinamide (MeN). We have previously shown that the ectopic expression of NNMT in SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells increased adenosine triphosphate synthesis and complex I activity, effects of which were replicated by the addition of MeN. In this study, we investigated whether NNMT expression in SH‐SY5Y conferred protection against mitotoxicity induced by rotenone, potassium cyanide (KCN), 2,4‐dinitrophenol, and 6‐hydroxydopamine, and whether any effects observed were mediated via increased MeN production. NNMT expression abolished the toxic effects of KCN, 2,4‐dinitrophenol, and 6‐hydroxydopamine, and reduced that of rotenone. In contrast, although MeN significantly reduced the toxicity of rotenone, it had no effect upon the toxicity of KCN, 2,4‐dinitrophenol, and 6‐hydroxydopamine. These data show that NNMT is cytoprotective against toxins that inhibit various aspects of mitochondrial function, and that these are not mediated solely via increased MeN production, but in combination with other unidentified mechanisms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:451‐456, 2013; View this article online atwileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21508