bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posibilidades en el aire: las azoteas urbanas y su papel en el Metabolismo de Barcelona. Entrevista a Vicente Guallart, Arquitecto Jefe del Ayuntamiento de Barcelona.
Authors: Prats Güerre Eva , Guallart Vicente 
Published: January 2015

Barcelona es una ciudad de azoteas, la mayoría de ellas, vacías. Tanto en su casco antiguo como en el Ensanche, las azoteas ofrecen un lugar que poco tiene que ver con lo que ocurre bajo suyo, en las viviendas y más lejos, en la calle.Las cualidades de luz y de topografía son otras, los ruidos de la ciudad también, los límites de la propiedad privada no están tan claramente definida; el horizonte que ves te sorprende.El interés por las azoteas me llevó a explorar sus posibilidades en el proyecto Final de Carrera presentado en la ETSAB, en 1992. Hacía de las azoteas de una manzana del ensanche un jardín donde estudiantes de jardinería hacían sus prácticas mientras cuidaban de la vegetación y los vecinos de la manzana subían a pasear. Lo fundamental de esta propuesta era el tratamiento de toda la manzana como unidad urbana, consciente de la dificultad de gestión que esto implica.Hasta el momento ha habido muchos intentos más o menos conseguidos de rescatar estos lugares, pero no ha habido aún una intervención con la escala suficiente para que podamos considerarla como una aportación a nivel urbano. Hemos conocido que desde el Ayuntamiento se está ahora estudiando el papel que pueden tener las azoteas respecto al resto de la ciudad y hemos hablado con Vicente Guallart, Arquitecto Jefe del Ayuntamiento de Barcelona al respecto.Uno de los objetivos que se ha propuesto Vicente Guallart es la simbiosis de la ciudad actual con su entorno natural, la Re-naturalización de la ciudad. Empezó con el concurso de ideas de las "Puertas de Collserola", con un enunciado muy atractivo y ambicioso que movilizó una gran participación de equipos multidisciplinares, y continúa ahora con el estudio de otras transformaciones urbanas que quedarán recogidas en un Plan que presentará el Ayuntamiento este próximo otoño.
Barcelona is a city full of flat rooftops, most of them empty, that provide spaces that have little to do with what goes on beneath them, inside the houses and in the streets.
Thus far, some more-or-less successful attempts have been made to recover these places, but there has not been an intervention at such a scale that it can be considered a real contribution at an urban level. We have learnt that the role these rooftop terraces may play in relation to the rest of the city is being currently studied at the city council, and we have talked with Vicente Guallart, Chief Architect of the Barcelona City Council, in this regard.
Arquitectura: metafísica, prospectiva tecnològica o preocupació social?
Authors: Puig Arnau 
Published: January 2015

Aquestes meves no són reflexions crítiques, atès que cal reconèixer que modularment existencialment s’ha arribat a establir uns estàndards de vivenda acceptables; però tampoc s’ha d’amagar que l’arquitectura modernitat ha servit també per crear ciutadans adaptats a les precises dependències de la productivitat. Tot, obvi també, dins d’uns mòduls que fan més o menys viable ordenar la vida de la gent de manera que no s‘hagin de sentir excessivament, cal reconèixer-ho, dins de la severa manera d’un Fahrenheit 451 de ciència ficció. Tots reconeixem tanmateix què el projecte vital hauria de ser quelcom absolutament individualitzat: viure hauria de consistir en poder executar el propi poema. Els passos endavant que ens proposem donar, crec, és per facilitar-ne la realització.Si l’arquitectura és una gramàtica; el que escau al nou concepte del construir i habitar és crear més i més possibilitats tècniques i formals que permetin que cadascú els disposi – la sintaxi – a la seva manera. La vida, repetim-ho, és una qüestió de dicció personal que cerca realitzar-se. Oh ironia!, un ideal de la conservadora caseta i hortet (que també ho volien els arquitectes racionalistes)Ser arquitecte conscient és arribar a fer formalment possibles uns projectes vitals. Que l’arquitectura és també una qüestió social?, tots ho acceptem; el que no pot ser l’arquitectura és una qüestió d’empresa i, molt menys, una qüestió metafísica.
If architecture is a grammar, the new concept of building and living needs to create more technical and formal possibilities that allow everyone to use it -sintaxis- on his own way. Life is a matter of personal diction seeking to be performed. Oh irony!, a conservative ideal of house and garden (also wanted by rationalist architects).
Being a conscious architect means to manage to make formally possible vital projects. Architecture is also a social question? We all accept it. What may not be architecture is a matter of business, and much less a metaphysical question.
AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY AND POLLUTION CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR AN ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREA IN THE NORTH SEA
Authors: Wilkinson T. G. , McEwan R. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
The hub of the Moray Firth is a large sheltered estuary of intertidal mud flats. This estuary is surrounded on both sides by some 100 kilometers (km) of exposed cliffs and beaches. Ecological surveys have been conducted, in-house operations have responded to the study, and a pollution emergency response plan has been developed for the proposed 1983 exploration programme.
The mud flats and salt marsh habitats in the inner estuary are of wide ecological value and are, for example, the most important sites in the U.K. for overwintering seaduck populations. They are particularly sensitive from October to February. The exposed coast is, on the other hand, particularly sensitive from February to October because of seabirds breeding (e.g., auks), inshore lobster and crab fishing and inshore salmon netting.
Such a sensitive area calls for specific pre-planning and operational controls. SLIKTRAK model predictions have shown that there is statistically a good chance of polluting the exposed coast line from the proposed drilling location, whereas the chance of hitting the inner estuary is shown to be very low. Drilling and sensitive workover operations have, therefore, been scheduled to take place over winter when the effect of an oil spill which could hit the exposed coasts would be very much less. Operational practices also have been critically reviewed.
A tailored contingency plan has been developed. This will include an at-sea cleanup capability consisting of dispersant spraying equipment and a boom pick-up system for dealing with operational diesel spills. During a spill, pre-tested tracker buoys will be used to monitor the exact position of the spill, and a pre-tested computer model will be used to predict where the spill is going to ensure preparedness on shore. A monitoring programme is being developed for both the shoreline (for oil spills) and the local marine environment (for chronic pollution). Only limited treatment is possible onshore, such as by booming harbours or by selective dispersant application. Liaison with industry, local authorities, and communities is part of the plan.
TESTING OF A PROTOTYPE WASTE OIL FLARING SYSTEM1
Authors: Beach Robert L. , Lewis William T. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
This paper describes a prototype flaring burner system developed for the U. S. Coast Guard. The system is capable of flaring 180 gallons per minute (gpm) of light oil or 90 gpm of oil with a viscosity of up to 1,600 centistokes (cs). Smokeless burning can be achieved in certain cases. The system is designed to be portable. The entire system can be broken down into modules and transported in a C-130 aircraft, and each module is light enough to be carried to a remote spill site by a Coast Guard helicopter. The system is self-erecting and capable of operating safely in hazardous environments and in cold weather conditions. The performance test program conducted on the completed prototype system also is described. These tests were successful, with the conclusion that the prototype could be used for operational flaring at this time.
BEACH CLEANING AND THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT IN THE 1993 TAMPA BAY SPILL
Authors: Owens Edward H. , Michel Jacqueline , Davis Richard A. , Stritzke Kay 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
This paper reports on the decision-making process and shoreline cleanup methods used following the oiling of 23 km (14 mi) of oceanfront sand beaches in the St. Petersburg, Florida, area in August 1993. Although cleanup of sand beaches usually is relatively straightforward, in this instance the high recreational use of the beaches during the traditional Labor Day weekend in early September created pressure to deal with the shoreline oiling in a rapid and efficient manner. Achieving this goal required a coordinated effort by all participants in the response operation. Key points include the following:The importance and value of consensus among state, federal, and responsible party representativesUse of systematic beach survey measurements and data to determine the extent and type of surface and subsurface oiling and to define the scope of the problemField testing, evaluation, and final development of recommendations for cleanupUse of heavy equipment and the development of cost estimates for alternative methods in the context of timing and tradeoffs.
The consensus reached by the technical support group for the cleanup operations involved a combination of manual removal, mechanical removal, surf-washing, and tilling. The possible effects of sediment removal were evaluated through use of beach profile and sand budget information from a long-term monitoring program. This spill response emphasized the role and importance of technical support and the interaction with field supervisors and operators, to develop appropriate and successful cleanup strategies and techniques.
Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients With Exertional Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Sabouri Amir H. , Yurgionas Brian , Khorasani Sara , Durant Edward J. , Kafaie Jafar , Hung Yun-Yi , Klingman Jeffery G. , Nemazie Siamack 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceAn association between serum creatine kinase (CK) levels and the risk of kidney failure in patients with exertional rhabdomyolysis (ERM) has been suggested. However, the actual incidence of AKI in hospitalized patients with ERM along with the contributing cofactors that may increase the risk of AKI have rarely been investigated.ObjectivesTo examine the incidence of kidney injury in hospitalized patients with ERM and to identify additional cofactors that might contribute to the development of kidney injury in patients with ERM.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted in a diverse community population of patients 18 years or older with ERM who were hospitalized across Kaiser Permanente Northern California between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019. Patients were initially identified through electronic screening for all-cause rhabdomyolysis admissions, followed by manual medical record reviews to verify their eligibility for the study. The diagnosis of AKI and chronic kidney disease (CKD) was determined using KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) criteria and confirmed by medical record review. Data analysis was performed from October 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024.ExposuresHistory of strenuous physical exercise before hospitalization for ERM.Main Outcome and MeasuresDevelopment of AKI, CKD, and compartment syndrome and number of deaths.ResultsAmong 3790 patients hospitalized for rhabdomyolysis between 2009 and 2019 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 200 (mean [SD] age, 30.5 [8.5] years; 145 [72.5%] male) were confirmed to have ERM via medical record review. Seventeen patients (8.5%) developed AKI, none developed CKD, 1 (0.5%) developed compartment syndrome, and there were no fatalities. There was no association between serum CK levels and the risk of AKI. However, the risk of AKI was significantly higher in patients with ERM who used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) before admission (11 of 17 with AKI [64.7%] vs 40 of 183 without AKI [21.9%], P &amp;lt; .001) or experienced dehydration (9 of 183 without AKI [52.9%] vs 9 of 17 with AKI [4.9%], P &amp;lt; .001). This analysis suggests that eliminating preadmission NSAID use and dehydration could reduce the risk of potential AKI in patients with ERM by 92.6% (95% CI, 85.7%-96.1%) in this population.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study of hospitalized patients with ERM suggest that serum CK elevation alone is insufficient as an indicator of AKI in patients with ERM. Concurrent risk factors, such as NSAID use or dehydration, may be associated with AKI development in patients with ERM.
Time structures of proton pencil beam scanning delivery on a microsecond scale measured with a pixelated semiconductor detector Timepix3
Authors: Shen Jiajian , Ding Xuanfeng , Charyyev Serdar , Liang Xiaoying , Oancea Cristina , Wang Peilong , Rule William G. , Liu Wei , Bues Martin , Lin Liyong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThe time structures of proton spot delivery in proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) radiation therapy are essential in many clinical applications. This study aims to characterize the time structures of proton PBS delivered by both synchrotron and synchrocyclotron accelerators using a non‐invasive technique based on scattered particle tracking.MethodsA pixelated semiconductor detector, AdvaPIX‐Timepix3, with a temporal resolution of 1.56 ns, was employed to measure time of arrival of secondary particles generated by a proton beam. The detector was placed laterally to the high‐flux area of the beam in order to allow for single particle detection and not interfere with the treatment. The detector recorded counts of radiation events, their deposited energy and the timestamp associated with the single events. Individual recorded events and their temporal characteristics were used to analyze beam time structures, including energy layer switch time, magnet switch time, spot switch time, and the scanning speeds in the x and y directions. All the measurements were repeated 30 times on three dates, reducing statistical uncertainty.ResultsThe uncertainty of the measured energy layer switch times, magnet switch time, and the spot switch time were all within 1% of average values. The scanning speeds uncertainties were within 1.5% and are more precise than previously reported results. The measurements also revealed continuous sub‐milliseconds proton spills at a low dose rate for the synchrotron accelerator and radiofrequency pulses at 7 µs and 1 ms repetition time for the synchrocyclotron accelerator.ConclusionThe AdvaPIX‐Timepix3 detector can be used to directly measure and monitor time structures on microseconds scale of the PBS proton beam delivery. This method yielded results with high precision and is completely independent of the machine log files.
Biomarker Changes in Response to Tofacitinib Treatment in Patients With Polyarticular‐Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Ogbu Ekemini A. , Brunner Hermine I. , Eloseily Esraa , Aviel Yonatan Butbul , Nanda Kabita , Schmeling Heinrike , Tory Heather , Uziel Yosef , Viola Diego Oscar , Wahezi Dawn M. , Tarvin Stacey E. , Sproles Alyssa , Chen Chen , Ruperto Nicolino , Huang Bin , Grom Alexei , Thornton Sherry ,   for the Investigators of the PRINTO and PRCSG Networks
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveWe examine levels of candidate blood‐based biomarkers (CBBs) in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treated with tofacitinib.MethodsPatients with JIA who participated in clinical trial NCT02592434 received tofacitinib from baseline to week 18. Serial serum samples were assayed for CBBs (S100A8/9, S100A12, interleukin‐18 [IL‐18], serum amyloid A, resistin, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin‐1, angiopoietin‐2, matrix metalloproteinase 8 [MMP8], MMP2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1, leptin, chemokine [C‐X‐C motif] ligand 9, soluble IL‐2 receptor, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor, IL‐6, IL‐23, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, chemokine [C‐C motif] ligand 18 [CCL18], and CCL20). Association of CBBs with JIA response to treatment from baseline to week 18 were assessed.ResultsThis study included 166 patients with polyarticular‐course JIA. Paired serum samples from 143 patients were available at both baseline and week 18. Thirty‐five percent (50 of 143) of patients had a JIA‐American College of Rheumatology 90 (JIA‐ACR90) level improvement, whereas 90, 121, and 137 (63%, 85%, and 96%) achieved JIA‐ACR70, 50, and 30 improvement at week 18. Despite small numerical differences by JIA category, there were no baseline CBB values that independently predicted a decrease in Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS‐27) or JIA‐ACR90 response by week 18. Decrease in resistin level (baseline to week 18) was significantly associated with week 18 improvement in JADAS‐27 and JIA‐ACR90 response after adjusting for age, sex, JIA disease duration, and baseline resistin (r2 0.79, SE 0.070, P < 0.01, and odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.134 [1.018–1.264]). HLA‐B27 positivity was significantly associated with not achieving a JIA‐ACR90 response at week 18 (P = 0.0097).ConclusionAmong the CBBs included, only resistin was significantly associated with treatment response, and no CBB was identified that forecasts JIA improvement after initiation of tofacitinib. The association of HLA‐B27 positivity with lower response to tofacitinib in JIA is intriguing and merits further study.
Optimizing Energy Storage Performance in Polymer Dielectrics through Dual Strategies: Constructing “Peaked” Barrieras and Enhancing Carrier Scattering
Authors: Meng Zhaotong , Zhang Tiandong , Zhang Changhai , Dang Zhi‐Min , Chi Qingguo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDielectric capacitors play a pivotal role in the advancement of electric power systems and emerging energy technologies. However, the deterioration of dielectric performance in energy storage materials at elevated temperatures represents a significant challenge. In this study, organic electron‐scattering agents into polyetherimide (PEI) are introduced, creating a “peaked barrier” to impede charge carrier transport. By doping PEI with an ultralow volume fraction (0.8%) of the organic molecule filler 4‐(dimethylamino)phenylboronic acid (4‐NB), the electron‐repelling nature of 4‐NB is leveraged in order to regulate charge carrier injection and transport in a synergistic manner. Consequently, the discharged energy density of the PEI composite material increases to 7.93 J cm−3 (720 kV mm−1) at 30 °C. At 150 °C, the discharged energy density increases to 5.21 J cm−3 (580 kV mm−1). In both cases, the charge and discharge efficiencies are maintained at 90%. It is noteworthy that the prepared PEI composite material also exhibits excellent charge dissipation characteristics, maintaining stable charge and discharge efficiency even after 50 000 charge–discharge cycles. In summary, the study's design concept systematically optimizes the processes of charge carrier injection, transport, and dissipation. This approach offers a novel perspective for the development of dielectrics that are suitable for long‐term energy storage.
Photomultiplication Enabling Efficient Shortwave Infrared‐Sensitive Organic Upconversion Devices
Authors: Hu Wei‐Hsu , Assunção João Pedro Ferreira , Carvalho Rafael dos Santos , Didier Elodie , Diethelm Matthias , Jenatsch Sandra , Bachmann Dominik , Shorubalko Ivan , Cremona Marco , Nüesch Frank , Bauer Michael , Hany Roland 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOrganic upconverters made by integrating an infrared‐sensitive photodetector with a light‐emitting diode offer a low‐cost route to visualize images taken in the infrared. However, making such devices sufficiently efficient is challenging. Here, upconversion devices are demonstrated with an efficiency of 13.9% for converting infrared photons (980 nm, 5 mW cm−2) to visible photons (575 nm). Infrared photons are detected with a photomultiplication photodetector that includes a copper thiocyanate electron‐blocking/injection layer and an infrared‐sensitive squaraine dye dispersed (3 wt−%) in a fullerene matrix. At turn‐on, the detector achieves an external quantum efficiency of 1200% (at 1020 nm, −10 V, 44 µW cm−2). Photomultiplication occurs via hole trap‐induced injection of electrons. In the upconverter, these electrons are driven into the emitter and recombine with holes under visible light emission. During operation the photodetector current increases because, presumably, rearranging mobile ions in copper thiocyanate narrows the injection barrier. Thereby, the upconverter photoconversion efficiency gradually increases to 18.7%. The performance of the present upconverter is limited by the not‐yet‐ideal charge‐blocking/injection layer, which is too thick and blocks electrons in the dark insufficiently. With thin and compact charge‐blocking layers at hand, the device concept paves the way for widespread use in sensitive infrared imaging.
Achieving Tunable High‐Performance Giant Magnetocaloric Effect in Hexagonal Mn‐Fe‐P‐Si Materials through Different D‐Block Doping
Authors: Zhang Fengqi , Feng Panjun , Kiecana Anika , Wu Ziying , Bai Zhaowen , Li Wenjie , Chen Huaican , Yin Wen , Yan Xun‐Wang , Ma Fengjie , Dijk Niels van , Brück Ekkes , Ren Yang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCompared with traditional techniques, solid‐state magnetocaloric phase transition materials (MPTMs), based on the giant magnetocaloric effect (GMCE), can achieve a higher energy conversion efficiency for caloric applications. As one of the most promising MPTMs, the hexagonal (Mn,Fe)2(P,Si)‐based compounds host some advantages, but the existing hysteresis and relatively unstable GMCE properties need to be properly tackled. In this study, it is found that substitutions with Ni, Pd, and Pt can maintain and even enhance the GMCE (≈8.7% maximum improvement of |Δsm|). For a magnetic field change of Δμ0H = 2 T, all samples obtain a |Δsm| in the range of 20–25 J kg−1 K−1 with a low thermal hysteresis ΔThys (≤5.6 K). The performance surpasses almost all other (Mn,Fe)2(P,Si)‐based materials with ΔThys (<10 K) reported until now. The occupancy of substitutional Ni/Pd/Pt atoms is determined by X‐ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and density functional theory calculations. The difference in GMCE properties upon doping is understood from the competition between a weakening of the magnetic exchange interactions and the different degrees of orbital hybridization among 3d‐4d‐5d elements. The studies elaborate on the responsible mechanism and provide a general strategy through d‐block doping to further optimize the GMCE of this materials family.