bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artwork imaging from 370 to 1630 nm using a novel multispectral system based on light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Herrera‐Ramirez Jorge , Vilaseca Meritxell , Burgos Francisco J. , Font Lídia , Senserrich Rosa , Pujol Jaume 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe recent use of multispectral systems as a noncontact method for analysis of artworks has already shown promising results. This study explains the application of a novel portable multispectral system based on light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) for artwork imaging. This method provides spectral information in a spectral range from 370 to 1630 nm with a 25 cm × 25 cm field of view by using two different image sensors in synchrony with 23 bands of irradiation. The spectral information for each point is estimated and validated using the pseudo‐inverse and spline interpolation methods for spectral estimation and three different evaluation metrics. The results of the metrics obtained with both estimation methods show a general good performance of the system over the whole spectral range. The experiments also showed that the selection of the training set for the pseudo‐inverse estimation has a great influence in its performance, and thus, it defines whether or not the pseudo‐inverse outperforms the spline interpolation method. The system is applied in situ to the study of Catalan art masterpieces, and the results demonstrate the potential of a cost‐effective and versatile system using various off‐the‐shelf elements to reconstruct color information and to reveal features not previously identified. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 398–407, 2015
On‐Line Monitoring of Chemical Reactions by using Bench‐Top Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Danieli E. , Perlo J. , Duchateau A. L. L. , Verzijl G. K. M. , Litvinov V. M. , Blümich B. , Casanova F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractReal‐time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements carried out with a bench‐top system installed next to the reactor inside the fume hood of the chemistry laboratory are presented. To test the system for on‐line monitoring, a transfer hydrogenation reaction was studied by continuously pumping the reaction mixture from the reactor to the magnet and back in a closed loop. In addition to improving the time resolution provided by standard sampling methods, the use of such a flow setup eliminates the need for sample preparation. Owing to the progress in terms of field homogeneity and sensitivity now available with compact NMR spectrometers, small molecules dissolved at concentrations on the order of 1 mmol L−1 can be characterized in single‐scan measurements with 1 Hz resolution. Owing to the reduced field strength of compact low‐field systems compared to that of conventional high‐field magnets, the overlap in the spectrum of different NMR signals is a typical situation. The data processing required to obtain concentrations in the presence of signal overlap are discussed in detail, methods such as plain integration and line‐fitting approaches are compared, and the accuracy of each method is determined. The kinetic rates measured for different catalytic concentrations show good agreement with those obtained with gas chromatography as a reference analytical method. Finally, as the measurements are performed under continuous flow conditions, the experimental setup and the flow parameters are optimized to maximize time resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Stable Single‐Molecule Lines of Terrylene in Polycrystalline para‐Dichlorobenzene at 1.5 K
Authors: Navarro Pedro , Tian Yuxi , van Stee Marijn , Orrit Michel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe spectroscopic properties of single terrylene (Tr) molecules are studied in a polycrystalline matrix of para‐dichlorobenzene (p‐DCB) at 1.5 K. Samples grown in a glass capillary show a very strong site at 597 nm, which is redshifted by more than 700 cm−1 from the observed transition energy for Tr in p‐DCB prepared as a film on a coverslip (572 nm). Each of these two sites is characterized by measuring their single‐molecule spectroscopic parameters at 1.5 K. Lifetime‐limited linewidths of 45±5 MHz are found for both sites. Fluorescence detection rates reach 8×104 count s−1 at saturation. The spectral trails of the majority of single molecules show no spectral jumps, indicating an absence of interacting two‐level systems; however, the small distribution of linewidths may indicate weak interactions with low‐frequency modes. Frequency jumps are observed for 10 % of the molecules. The complete emission spectra from two different single molecules at the center of each of the two sites is presented. Debye–Waller factors of αDW=0.33±0.05 for the normal site (572 nm) and αDW=0.30±0.05 for the red site (597 nm) are reported. This new host–guest system provides a quick and easy way to obtain lifetime‐limited single‐molecule lines.
Strongly Correlated Alignment of Fluorinated 5,11‐Bis(triethylgermylethynyl)anthradithiophene Crystallites in Solution‐Processed Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Kim Chang‐Hyun , Hlaing Htay , Payne Marcia M. , Yager Kevin G. , Bonnassieux Yvan , Horowitz Gilles , Anthony John E. , Kymissis Ioannis 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe crystallinity of an organic semiconductor film determines the efficiency of charge transport in electronic devices. This report presents a micro‐to‐nanoscale investigation on the crystal growth of fluorinated 5,11‐bis(triethylgermylethynyl)anthradithiophene (diF‐TEG‐ADT) and its implication for the electrical behavior of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). diF‐TEG‐ADT exhibits remarkable self‐assembly through spin‐cast preparation, with highly aligned edge‐on stacking creating a fast hole‐conducting channel for OFETs.
Interplay between Resonance‐Assisted Hydrogen Bonding and Coordination in Sulfo‐Functionalized Arylhydrazones of Active Methylene Compounds
Authors: Mahmudov Kamran T. , Kopylovich Maximilian N. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe interaction of sodium(I) and copper(II) with sodium (E,Z)‐2‐[2‐(1‐cyano‐2‐methoxy‐2‐oxoethylidene)hydrazinyl]benzenesulfonate (NaHL1), sodium 4‐[2‐(2,4‐dioxopentan‐3‐ylidene)hydrazinyl]benzenesulfonate (NaHL2), and sodium 2‐[2‐(2,4‐dioxopentan‐3‐ylidene)hydrazinyl]benzenesulfonate (NaHL3) is studied on the basis of competition between intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding and coordination. The interplay between such interactions provides an unprecedented strategy towards an easy ((E,Z)→E or Z) isomeric resolution of NaHL1 to give the new coordination polymers [Na(H2O)2(μ‐HL1)]n (1) (E form) and [Na2(H2O)4(μ‐HL1)2]n⋅nH2O (2) (Z form). It is also applied to the synthesis of the new compounds [Cu(H2O)6](HL2)2⋅4 H2O (3) and [Cu(A)L3]⋅H2O (4) (A=2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethanol). The intra‐ and intermolecular structural relevance of hydrogen bonding is detailed by X‐ray diffraction.
A Vanadium–Cerium Redox Flow Battery with an Anion‐Exchange Membrane Separator
Authors: Yun Sukhwan , Parrondo Javier , Ramani Vijay 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCardo‐poly(etherketone)‐based anion‐exchange membranes (AEMs) were prepared and employed as separators in a vanadium–cerium redox flow battery (V‐Ce RFB). V‐Ce RFBs with AEM separators yielded energy efficiencies (EEs) ranging from 67 to 84 % at current densities between 20 and 80 mA cm−2. V‐Ce RFBs using Nafion 212 as the separator had EEs ranging from 50 to 84 % and displayed a capacity and efficiency loss as a result of cation intermixing. Over 20 charge/discharge cycles, the RFB with the AEM separator yielded unchanged efficiencies and capacity, whereas the loss of capacity was 50 % with the Nafion separator. There was no substantial change in the ionic conductivity, ultimate tensile strength, and Young’s modulus of AEMs after 50 charge/discharge cycles. This suggests that AEMs are promising candidates as V‐Ce RFB separators that: 1) are chemically and mechanically stable during cycling, and 2) act as efficient barriers that preclude the intermixing of vanadium and cerium cations.
Photocatalytic Water Oxidation by Molecular Assemblies Based on Cobalt Catalysts
Authors: Zhou Xu , Li Fei , Li Hua , Zhang Biaobiao , Yu Fengshou , Sun Licheng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractChromophore‐catalyst molecular assemblies towards visible light‐driven water oxidation were synthesized by covalent integration of a light‐harvesting complex [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) and a Co4O4 cubane water oxidation catalyst. The two components were assembled either in linear or macrocyclic configurations. In the presence of the sacrificial reagent, the Ru–Co metallocycle exhibits remarkable photocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution, which is one order of magnitude higher than that of a multicomponent system and exceeds that of a linear assembly by a factor of five, offering access to highly active photocatalyst through molecular design.
Reducing Cache Hardware by Focusing on Data Redundancy
Authors: Kobayashi Ryotaro , Matsukawa Daisuke , Shimomura Yoshio , Ochiai Hiroya , Shimada Hajime 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThere is one reason to utilize cache that mitigates processor performance limitation comes from data transfer bandwidth. Recently, cache size expansion is required in this use because data transfer bandwidth requirement is increasing for recent large data size and multi‐core trends. However, cache size expansion is unwelcome because it causes problems arising from circuit area and power consumption viewpoint. This paper focuses a data redundancy with the goal of reducing cache size and proposes a mechanism that does not store redundant data into cache. The proposed mechanism divides data into higher bit and lower bit that stored into higher cache and lower cache, respectively. We reduced higher cache size to half size by keeping 46% redundant data in higher bit area not to store into higher cache. The evaluation results show that the proposed mechanism increases IPC by 3.3% on average compared with same circuit area conventional cache under SPECCPU2000 benchmarks.
The Glucose Concentration‐Dependency of Spontaneous Activity in a Cultured Neuronal Network
Authors: Minoshima Wataru , Ito Hidekatsu , Kudoh Suguru N. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYCultured rat hippocampal network on a multielectrode array (MEA) dish is a useful model for analyzing network electrical dynamics and its developmental changes. Neurons autonomously form a complex network on an MEA dish and spontaneous electrical activity is often observed without any input from the external world. The spontaneous activity is generated by synaptic interactions between neurons and reflects an internal biochemical state of a whole neuronal network. The origin of electrical activity is electrochemical potential generated by active transport of ions, which requires catabolism of ATP. We elucidated the relationship between spontaneous electrical activity and external glucose concentration. The spontaneous activity changed transiently, depending on glucose concentrations. The number of electrical spikes in spontaneous activity increases depending on the concentration of external glucose concentration. Interestingly, this increase is not only suppressed but turn to decrease. In the case of glucose concentration is 17.56 mM, the number of activity is the most, and then it decreases in the case of glucose concentration is more than 20 mM. In addition, the decrease of neuronal activity at a high glucose concentration is not influenced by the blockade of inhibitory synaptic activity. These results suggest that a cultured neuronal network has optimal glucose concentration 17.56 mM, which corresponds to the concentration of glucose in a culture medium.
Impact of the Presence of Octadecylamine on the Properties of Hydrothermally Prepared CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Georgiadou Violetta , Dendrinou‐Samara Catherine 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Catherine Dendrinou‐Samara at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. The cover image shows CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized hydrothermally in the presence of octadecylamine. These bimodal CoFe2O4 NPs show fluorescence and relaxometric properties.
Total Synthesis of a Pyrrole Lactone Alkaloid, Longanlactone
Authors: Reddy Chada Raji , Reddy Motatipally Damoder , Dilipkumar Uredi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe first asymmetric total synthesis of the natural pyrrole lactone longanlactone has been achieved. The key reactions, a Barbier propargylation and a Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis, have provided easy access to the target natural product from L‐aspartic acid in six steps and 31 % overall yield. The C‐4 epimer of the natural product and propionyllonganlactone have also been prepared by this strategy.
COMPARATIVE PREDICTION OF SUCCESS AND SATISFACTION IN COLLEGE MAJOR FIELDS
Authors: French John W. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis bulletin completes the report of the Comparative Prediction Study ‐ College Level. It is to be regarded as a second part of RB‐59‐10, which described the background and method of the study, the aptitude tests, interest scales and personality scales, the administration to college freshman, the intercorrelations that were computed, and the need for averaging validity coefficients. The results of the testing are presented here as if the study had been done at the “average college.” Even this requires rather voluminous tables. The analysis shows the multiple validities that can be obtained from the battery and evaluates the battery's capability for differential and comparative prediction by computing the intercorrelations among predicted criteria and the validity of the predicted differences between criteria. An explanation and a demonstration is made of statistical corrections for the length of the tests, restriction of range in the major‐field groups, and “shrinkage” expected when the multiple validities are tried out on new groups. The battery is evaluated according to specifications laid down previously. A summary of the evaluation is as follows:
The general level of prediction of major‐field grades is good (over .62) for some fields, but lower than this for too many others. Both the aptitude tests and interest scales contribute to the general validity; the personality scales were found to be much less useful. Validity for freshman grades is somewhat poorer; validity for satisfaction is low and limited entirely to the interest scales.
Differential prediction of major‐field grades is good, mainly because of the presence of the interest scales.
THE MEDICAL HISTORY TEST – A BEHAVIORAL MEASURE OF ATTITUDE
Authors: Cliff Norman , Frederiksen Norman , Stokes Joseph , Riche Charles V. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA Medical History Test was constructed with the primary purpose of assessing the effect of an experimental program in medical education on the medical student's interpretative skill and “whole patient”‐oriented attitude. The test was composed of a series of tape recordings from which the examinee was to note the relevant information and questions he would want to ask, and to write a differential diagnosis and plan of management. The written responses were scored by comparing each statement in them to a set of keyed statements and summing the scores for each scorable item to arrive at Skill and Attitude scores.The Skill score was found to have a reliability of about .49 and .56 in two classes and to have low positive correlations with other measures of aptitude and achievement. The Attitude score had reliabilities of .73 and .74; it did not relate to any measure but the Skill score, and that in only one class. Neither score differentiated experimental from control groups.A revised format of the test was found to yield a more reliable Skill score, but it was highly influenced by response sets.
BAYESIAN INDIFFERENCE PROCEDURES
Authors: Novick Melvin R. , Hall W. J. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn a logical probability approach to inference, distributions on a parameter space are interpreted as representing states of knowledge, and any prevailing state of knowledge is taken to have been arrived at from a previous state of ignorance (indifference) followed by the accumulation of prior data. Previous attempts at describing indifference and states of knowledge by use of the principle of insufficient reason and by use of natural conjugate distributions are discussed, and it is shown that they are not sufficient in themselves. Specifically, if one permits order‐preserving reparametrization, any prior distribution whatsoever for one parameter implies that another parameter is uniformly distributed and yet another has a natural conjugate distribution relative to an arbitrary sample. An indifference principle that requires postulating what size and what kind of samples will permit statistical inference is then introduced‐‐e.g., one observation from a two‐parameter normal model is not sufficient to permit inference about the variance but two (noncoinciding) observations are. With some limitation on the class of priors considered, it is then shown that this principle permits unique specification of indifference for the more commonly encountered statistical models. It is also shown that this specification does not depend on the scale of measurement of the random variable. The consistency of this principle with recent work of the authors on prediction theory is also demonstrated.
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF MOTIVATOR AND HYGIENE FACTORS TO OVERALL JOB SATISFACTION1
Authors: Halpern Gerald 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTRatings of four motivator job aspects, four hygiene job aspects, and overall job satisfaction were obtained from 93 male subjects who were equally satisfied with both the motivator and the hygiene aspects of their jobs. Two of the job aspects (work itself and opportunity for achievement), both motivators, were sufficient to account for the variance in overall satisfaction.
ITEM SAMPLING IN TEST THEORY AND IN RESEARCH DESIGN
Authors: Lord Frederic M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTNew and less new concepts and results in the item‐sampling model for mental test theory are summarized. It is shown that certain research studies–typically those concerned with group means–could use item‐sampling methods to improve their efficiency of experimental design. Various sampling error formulas are derived, making it possible to determine whether and to what extent various uses of item sampling will increase the information gained by the research worker.
PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF A BRIEF TEST OF ACADEMIC APTITUDE
Authors: Peterson Richard E. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper reports intercorrelations among Control Test for Academic Aptitude (CTAA) scores, SAT‐V, SAT‐M, student reported high school GPA, and student reported high school class rank for entering freshmen at three liberal arts colleges. Given the research purpose to which the 30‐item, 12‐minute CTAA is limited–providing a statistical control for aptitude in research using the College Student Questionnaires–the test was concluded to be adequately valid (r's with freshman GPA of .40, .51 and .39).
MATCHING, DISCRIMINATION, AND PAYOFFS1,2
Authors: Zinnes Joseph L. , Kurtz Ronald 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTFive different models for matching judgments are described. Each one is applied to an experiment employing both matching and ordered discrimination tasks, three payoff matrices, and three levels of stimulus discriminability. Under the matching instructions, subjects indicated whether two patterns of lights had the same or a different number of lights. Under the ordered discrimination instructions, subjects indicated which one of two patterns had more lights. One of the models consistently gives a better account of the individual and the pooled group data than the others, but even for this model the goodness‐of‐fit chi‐squares are generally too large.
NEGOTIATION IN LEADER AND DELEGATE GROUPS1
Authors: Hermann Margaret G. , Kogan Nathan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTNegotiations among leaders were compared with negotiations among delegates in order to investigate the effect of role in the reference group on intergroup bargaining behavior. The negotiations of ten groups of leaders and ten groups of delegates matched on initial positions were examined. Because of their greater flexibility and authority, leaders were expected to spend less time negotiating and have fewer deadlocks than delegates. Neither of these hypotheses was supported. Leaders and delegates, however, were found to resolve their conflicts in different ways. While delegates more often reached agreement through compromise, leaders were more likely to choose one party's position. Thus, delegates tended to converge upon the average of their initial positions while leaders showed a significant change in the risky direction. Leaders' and delegates' reactions to their negotiations were also analyzed. In general, the results suggested that leaders can be influenced more by other leaders than delegates can by other delegates.
RATIONALITY AND ACHIEVEMENT: A COMPARISON OF THE ATKINSON‐McCLELLAND AND KOGAN‐WALLACH FORMULATIONS
Authors: Alker Henry A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis comparison concerns the prediction of (1) success at complex tasks and (2) the presence of unusual shifts in aspiration level following success or failure. The Kogan‐Wallach formulation generates predictions concerning these dependent variables without recourse to a concept of the need for achievement. These predictions, furthermore, both yield empirical results that account for significantly more variance (p < .05) in the responses of a sample of 96 high school boys than do comparable predictions from need achievement theory. The interpretation stresses a distinction between merely trying hard and learning from one's mistakes.
THE EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT OF STATEMENTS OF PUPIL–TEACHER RELATIONSHIPS IN A FREE RESPONSE SITUATION ON MINNESOTA TEACHER ATTITUDE INVENTORY SCORES1,2
Authors: Lantz Donald L. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to apply reinforcement theory to changing attitudes as measured by the MTAI of teacher education students. Subjects consisted of 93 educational psychology students who were randomly assigned to one of the three groups (Treatment, Hawthorne, and Control), The experimental treatment consisted of inviting students in for five brief “get‐acquainted” interviews in which any statement expressing positive attitudes toward teacher‐pupil relationships was reinforced. Two control groups were used; one received no special treatment, while the other was invited in for five “get‐acquainted” interviews, but was not reinforced for expressing favorable attitudes toward pupil‐teacher relationships. Results indicated no significant differences among the three groups.This study indicates that for students enrolled in an educational psychology course those who receive reinforcement outside of class for verbalizing appropriate attitudes of teacher‐pupil relationships do not show significant gain in MTAI scores over those students in the course who do not receive such reinforcement outside of class.
MEASUREMENT OF COLLEGE ACHIEVEMENT BY THE COLLEGE‐LEVEL EXAMINATION PROGRAM
Authors: Sharon Amiel T. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe criterion‐related and construct validity of the College‐Level Examination Program's General Examinations are discussed primarily in terms of research studies conducted at institutions of higher education. While most of the research provides support for the validity of the examinations as measures of academic achievement in college, the results of many of the studies have alternative explanations. The examinations correlate positively with course grades and amount of previous college instruction. Significant gains on the tests are generally made by students over the first two years of college and the highest scores on each test are obtained by students intending to major in the subject covered by the test. There is some question as to whether each of the five examinations is measuring a unique factor.