bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils from Carum copticum Seed and Ferula assafoetida Latex
Authors: Kavoosi Gholamreza , Tafsiry Asad , Ebdam Ali Asghar , Rowshan Vahid 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCarum copticum and Ferula assafoetida have several medicinal properties including antispasmodic, carminative, sedative, analgesic, and antiseptic. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) scavenging activities of Carum and Ferula oils along with their antibacterial and antifungal activities were examined. Thymol (40.25%), γ‐terpinene (38.7%) and p‐cymene (15.8%) were detected as the main components of Carum oil while, β‐pinene (47.1%), α‐pinene (21.36%), and 1, 2‐dithiolane (18.6%) were the main components of Ferula oil. Inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for total radical scavenging were between 40 and 60 and 130 and 160 μg/mL of Carum and Ferula oil, respectively. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans were 78 ± 8, 65 ± 7, 14 ± 3, 5 ± 2, 5.6 ± 1.3, and 8.8 ± 2.2 μg/mL of Carum oil, respectively. MIC for S. typhi, E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, A. niger, and C. albicans were >200, >200, 125 ± 17, 80 ± 12, 85 ± 5, and 90 ± 11 μg/mL of Ferula oil, respectively. Accordingly, Carum and Ferula oils could be used as safe and effective natural antioxidants to improve the oxidative stability of fatty foods during storage and to preserve foods against food burn pathogens.Practical Application: This study clearly demonstrates the potential of Carum and Ferula oil especially Carum oil as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. The chemical composition of essential oils was identified. Thus, identification of such compounds also helps to discover of new antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal agents for potential applications in food safety and food preservation.
Effect of the Closure Type on the Evolution of the Physical‐Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of a Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Rosé Wine
Authors: Guaita Massimo , Petrozziello Maurizio , Motta Silvia , Bonello Federica , Cravero Maria Carla , Marulli Concezio , Bosso Antonella 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe present work studied the effect of the kind of closure (a screw cap, a natural cork, and 2 synthetic closures) on the evolution of the oxygen content and on the physical‐chemical and sensory characteristics of a Montepulciano d'Abruzzo rosé wine during the 1st 12 mo of bottle aging. The chemical analyses concerned the parameters more involved in the oxidative reactions (SO2, acetaldehyde, phenols, wine color), as well as the main fermentative volatile compounds. The kind of closure influenced the oxygen content in wines, free and total SO2 concentration, and wine color (color intensity and hue). During bottle aging, free and total SO2 concentration was significantly and negatively correlated with absorbance at 420 nm (A420), whereas the correlations with A520 were weak. Probably, the limited extent of the variations in red color (A520), when varying SO2 concentration, were due to the low pH of this rosé wine. No effect of the kind of closure on phenols and the main fermentative volatile compounds was observed. The wines bottled with cork closures (N trials), after 12 mo of storage, had higher color intensity and hue, measured by spectrophotometry, and were visually distinguished from the other trials for the more intense pink reflections. On the whole, under the conditions of this work, all the used closures guaranteed a good preservability to the rosè wines during the 1st year of bottle aging, and the changes in composition did not significantly affect wine sensory characteristics. Therefore, these synthetic closures can represent an alternative to the cork closures for a medium to long term bottle aging of these wines.
FoxO6 in glucose metabolism (FoxO6在葡萄糖代谢中的作用)
Authors: Kim Dae Hyun , Zhang Ting , Lee Sojin , Dong H. Henry 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe forkhead box O (FoxO) subfamily has four members, namely FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4, and FoxO6. Unlike the other three members of the FoxO family, FoxO6 has garnered considerably less attention because of earlier reports that FoxO6 expression was limited to the brain. Recent data indicate that FoxO6 is produced in the liver of both rodents and humans. Hepatic FoxO6 activity, which remains at low basal levels in fed states, is markedly induced in fasted mice. FoxO6 activity becomes abnormally higher in the liver of mice with dietary obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Genetically engineered mice with elevated FoxO6 activity in the liver exhibit prediabetes, culminating in the development of glucose intolerance, fasting hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Conversely, inhibition of FoxO6 activity in the insulin‐resistant liver results in a reduction in fasting hyperglycemia, contributing to the amelioration of hyperinsulinemia in T2D mice. These new data suggest that FoxO6 is an important regulator of hepatic glucose metabolism in response to insulin or physiological cues. Insulin inhibits FoxO6 activity by promoting its phosphorylation and disabling its activity in the nucleus without altering its subcellular distribution via a mechanism that is distinct from other members of the FoxO subfamily. In this article, we comprehensively review the role of FoxO6 in glucose metabolism in health and disease. We also address whether FoxO6 dysregulation is a contributing factor for the pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycemia and discuss whether FoxO6 is a potential therapeutic target for improving fasting hyperglycemia in T2D.
Does a bipolar hemiprosthesis offer advantages for elderly patients with neck of femur fracture? A clinical trial with 261 patients
Authors: Stoffel Karl K. , Nivbrant Bo , Headford Julie , Nicholls Rochelle L. , Yates Piers J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies comparing unipolar and bipolar hemiarthroplasty for treatment of displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures in elderly patients have often lacked methodological power and yielded conflicting clinical results. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes from each implant in a randomized cohort of elderly patients with intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck treated with a cemented hemiprosthesis.MethodsThis study is a clinical trial of 261 patients (82.0 ± 7.9 years) who were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: group 1 (n = 133) received a cemented bipolar implant and group 2 (n = 128) received a unipolar head with the same stem. At 12 months post‐surgery, pain and functional abilities were quantified by blinded assessors using the Oxford and Harris Hip Scores, Verbal Numerical Rating Score and Six‐Minute Walk. The Mann–Whitney U‐test and t‐test for independent samples were used to compare results between the groups (P < 0.05).ResultsThere were no significant differences in any clinical scores between the groups. Results from the Six‐Minute Walk indicated no difference in functional walking ability or endurance (P = 0.446) between the groups. Self‐selected pain ratings also did not differ between groups (P = 0.236). Patients receiving the unipolar prosthesis had significantly reduced abduction (P = 0.0001) and internal rotation (P = 0.047) in the operated hip compared to the non‐operated hip.ConclusionThese short‐term results suggest that unipolar implants share many of the advantages of the bipolar prosthesis but can be manufactured at substantially lower cost. These implants may be appropriate for the less‐active elderly patient, particularly when used with bone cement.
The past, present and potential future distributions of cold‐adapted bird species
Authors: Smith Sarah E. , Gregory Richard D. , Anderson Barbara J. , Thomas Chris D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimSpecies' distributions change through time, and many species have recently shifted their ranges in response to anthropogenic climate change. However, predicting future distributional changes remains a challenge. We tested the ability of climate‐only distributional models, built using present‐day climate data, to project distributions of four European bird species during the Last Glacial Maximum. Projected distributions under past climate scenarios were compared with fossil data to gauge the validity of the projections.LocationEurope and North Africa (30°N–82°N, 31°W–61°E).MethodsWe generated generalized additive models (GAMs) between the present‐day climate and distributions of four cold‐adapted bird species. These models were projected onto climatic conditions representative of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21,000 years ago) and future conditions (2080s). We tested the capacity of these climate‐only models to produce realistic projections under colder, past climates using fossil distributional data.ResultsModels and empirical data both indicate that the Willow grouse Lagopus lagopus and Rock ptarmigan Lagopus mutus occurred at lower latitudes during the LGM, compared with their current distributions, whereas the currently montane Yellow‐billed chough Pyrrhocorax graculus and White‐winged snowfinch Montifringilla nivalis would have had broadly similar LGM and present‐day distributions. Models and empirical data agree that all four species co‐occurred at the LGM in central/southern Europe, although they do not do so today. Future projections indicate that the LGM four‐species community may be reunited in Scandinavia by the end of this century if the southern species are able to colonize.Main ConclusionsOur results suggest that climatic constraints are sufficient to capture the key attributes of the distributional changes in these four bird species, revealing individualistic responses and community disassembly and re‐assembly through time and space.
Perinatal risk factors for neurocognitive impairments in preschool children born very preterm
Authors: POTHARST EVA S , VAN WASSENAER‐LEEMHUIS ALEID G , HOUTZAGER BREGJE A , LIVESEY DAVID , KOK JOKE H , LAST BOB F , OOSTERLAAN JAAP 
Published: January 2013

Aim  This study aimed to compare a broad array of neurocognitive functions (processing speed, aspects of attention, executive functioning, visual–motor coordination, and both face and emotion recognition) in very preterm and term‐born children and to identify perinatal risk factors for neurocognitive dysfunctions.Method  Children who were born very preterm (n=102; 46 males, 56 females), defined as a gestational age of less than 30 weeks and/or birthweight under 1000g, and a comparison group of term‐born children (n=95; 40 males, 55 females) were assessed at age 5 with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Stop Signal Task, several tasks of the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks, and a Digit Span task.Results  When sociodemographic characteristics were taken into account, very preterm children scored worse than term‐born children on all neurocognitive functions, except on tasks measuring inhibition and sustained attention, for which results were inconclusive. Effect sizes for group effects were small to medium (r2 varying between 0.02 and 0.07). Principal component isolated four factors: visual–motor coordination, face/emotion recognition, reaction time/attention, and accuracy/attention. When sociodemographic and child characteristics at birth were accounted for, bronchopulmonary dysplasia was significantly negatively associated with all four components and also with working memory.Interpretation  Very preterm children are at risk for problems on a broad array of neurocognitive functions. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is an independent risk factor for impaired neurocognitive functioning.
Occurrence and recurrence of diabetes in pregnancy
Authors: Khambalia A. Z. , Ford J. B. , Nassar N. , Shand A. W. , McElduff A. , Roberts C. L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsTo determine occurrence and recurrence rates of gestational diabetes among women having at least two consecutive pregnancies. Risk factors for recurrence of gestational diabetes and rates of second/third pregnancy pre‐existing diabetes mellitus were also assessed.MethodsPopulation‐based study using longitudinally linked hospital discharge and birth records (2001–2009) in NSW, Australia. Participants included women without a pre‐existing diagnosis of Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes at time of first pregnancy and with at least a first and second birth. Factors associated with recurrence of gestational diabetes were examined using multivariate log‐binomial models to adjust for correlation within mothers and estimate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsFirst occurrence of gestational diabetes was 3.7% (5315/142 843) in the first pregnancy and 2.7% (3689/137 528) in the second pregnancy. The recurrence rate of gestational diabetes in a second consecutive pregnancy was 41.2%. Risk of pre‐existing diabetes in a pregnancy subsequent to one with first occurrence of gestational diabetes was 2.2% and 2.0% in the second or third pregnancy, respectively. Among women with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes in the first pregnancy, independent predictors of gestational diabetes recurrence were maternal age ≥ 35 years, ethnicity (Middle East/North Africa and Asia), pregnancy hypertension, large for gestational age infant and preterm birth in the first pregnancy, longer inter‐pregnancy birth interval and pregnancy hypertension and multiple pregnancy in the second pregnancy.ConclusionsGestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy is a strong indicator of future risk and a useful clinical marker for identifying women at elevated risk in a subsequent pregnancy.
Urinary sulphate excretion and progression of diabetic nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Andrésdóttir G. , Bakker S. J. L. , Hansen H. P. , Parving H.‐H. , Rossing P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsHydrogen sulphide levels are reduced in many disease states, including diabetes and end‐stage renal disease. We aimed to determine whether urinary sulphate excretion, as a proxy for hydrogen sulphide, was associated with progression of diabetic nephropathy.MethodsWe conducted a post‐hoc study of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial on the effect of a low vs. normal protein diet for 4 years, on decline of renal function in patients with Type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. We excluded patients with less than three measurements of glomerular filtration rate assessed by 51Cr‐EDTA plasma clearance (GFR) and less than 1 year of follow‐up (n = 10), leaving 72 patients eligible for analyses. We studied both association of rate of decline in GFR and association of the combined endpoint of end‐stage renal disease and death with baseline 24‐h urinary sulphate excretion.ResultsSulphate excretion was significantly associated with the slope of GFR (rs = –0.28, P = 0.02). In a multivariate regression model, sulphate excretion was a significant determinant of decline in GFR, independent of age, gender, blood pressure, HbA1c, smoking, albuminuria, baseline GFR and diet group (P < 0.01). In addition, adjusted r2 increased from 5% in a model with the aforementioned risk factors to 22% when sulphate excretion was included in the model. Cox regression revealed a hazard ratio of 0.34 (95% CI 0.13–0.88, P = 0.026) for each natural log unit increase in urinary sulphate excretion.ConclusionHigh urinary sulphate excretion was significantly associated with slower decline in 51Cr‐EDTA‐assessed GFR in diabetic nephropathy, independent of known progression promoters.
Geographical variations of elytral color polymorphism inCheilomenes sexmaculata(Fabricius) (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)
Authors: Kawakami Yasuko , Yamazaki Kazuo , Ohashi Kazunori 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe geographical variation in elytral color polymorphism inCheilomenes sexmaculata(Fabricius) was analyzed based on data from specimen surveys. In all, 1549 individuals collected from different latitudes throughoutIndonesia toJapan were categorized into 20 morph types of elytra. Results show that the morph types have a geographical cline: dark types increased with latitude, although the light types showed higher relative frequency in lower latitudes, which suggests that the geographic variation in elytral color polymorphism inC. sexmaculatais a product of selection by climate. The darker morph types might be advantageously able to make fuller use of insolation at higher latitudes, whereas the lighter morph types were likely to reduce heat stress at lower latitudes. In most areas acrossSoutheast andSouthAsia, all specimens were of the lightest type, which may imply either: (i) the saturation of genes expressing light morph types, which have less solar absorption, due to tropical climate; or (ii) an enhanced warning function of bright red against predators. OnMiyakoIsland ofJapan, a unique frequency of morph types was found compared to the adjacent areas.
Soil‐specific response functions of organic matter mineralization to the availability of labile carbon
Authors: Paterson Eric , Sim Allan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) mineralization processes are central to the functioning of soils in relation to feedbacks with atmospheric CO2 concentration, to sustainable nutrient supply, to structural stability and in supporting biodiversity. Recognition that labile C‐inputs to soil (e.g. plant‐derived) can significantly affect mineralization of SOM (‘priming effects’) complicates prediction of environmental and land‐use change effects on SOM dynamics and soil C‐balance. The aim of this study is to construct response functions for SOM priming to labile C (glucose) addition rates, for four contrasting soils. Six rates of glucose (3 atm% 13C) addition (in the range 0–1 mg glucose g−1 soil day−1) were applied for 8 days. Soil CO2 efflux was partitioned into SOM‐ and glucose‐derived components by isotopic mass balance, allowing quantification of SOM priming over time for each soil type. Priming effects resulting from pool substitution effects in the microbial biomass (‘apparent priming’) were accounted for by determining treatment effects on microbial biomass size and isotopic composition. In general, SOM priming increased with glucose addition rate, approaching maximum rates specific for each soil (up to 200%). Where glucose additions saturated microbial utilization capacity (>0.5 mg glucose g−1 soil), priming was a soil‐specific function of glucose mineralization rate. At low to intermediate glucose addition rates, the magnitude (and direction) of priming effects was more variable. These results are consistent with the view that SOM priming is supported by the availability of labile C, that priming is not a ubiquitous function of all components of microbial communities and that soils differ in the extent to which labile C stimulates priming. That priming effects can be represented as response functions to labile C addition rates may be a means of their explicit representation in soil C‐models. However, these response functions are soil‐specific and may be affected by several interacting factors at lower addition rates.
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Urban Areas
Authors: Hardin Perry , Hardin Andrew 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe use of airborne hyperspectral sensors for urban analysis represents a significant advance in remote sensing. The greatest challenges to effectively using urban hyperspectral imagery include (i) managing the natural spectral complexity of urban fabrics, (ii) selecting optimal feature sets from an enormous number of candidate features, (iii) designing classifiers that are minimally affected by the curse of dimensionality, and (iv) reducing the computational burden of hyperspectral algorithms on large images. To address these challenges, there have been several promising methodological advances in urban hyperspectral analysis. Examples include multiclassifier systems, decision fusion processes, support vector machine algorithms, object oriented approaches to classification, and discrimination via morphological profiles. Unfortunately, few of these advances are leveraged in commercial software packages, thus limiting their practical utility to the practitioner.
Organization, barrier function and antimicrobial lipids of the oral mucosa
Authors: Dawson D. V. , Drake D. R. , Hill J. R. , Brogden K. A. , Fischer C. L. , Wertz P. W. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisAs one moves from the skin across the vermilion region of the lip and into the oral cavity, the oral mucosa is encountered. The oral mucosa consists of connective tissue known as the lamina propria covered by a stratified squamous epithelium. In the regions of the hard palate and gingiva, the epithelium is keratinized like the epidermis. In the buccal region, the floor of the mouth and the underside of the tongue, the epithelium is non‐keratinized. The epithelium on the dorsum of the tongue is a specialized epithelium, but can be approximated as a mosaic of keratinized and non‐keratinized epithelia. The non‐keratinized epithelial regions do not produce a stratum corneum. Nuclei with intact DNA are retained in the superficial cells. In all regions, the outer portions of the epithelium provide a protective permeability barrier, which varies regionally. Antimicrobial lipids at the surfaces of the oral mucosa are an integral part of innate immunity.
A preliminary comparison of the effect of 0.3% versus 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinse on de novo plaque formation: a monocentre randomized double‐blind crossover trial
Authors: Pilloni A , Zeza B , Mongardini C , Dominici F , Cassini MA , Polimeni A 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveChlorhexidine (CHX) is considered the gold standard against gram‐negative microorganisms. Little has been written about the simultaneous influence that both time and concentration could have on antiplaque formation effectiveness of CHX. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and microbiological effectiveness of two different CHX concentrations and time applications in a 4‐day plaque regrowth study model.Material and methodsTwenty volunteers were enrolled in a randomized double‐blind crossover study comparing the effectiveness of CHX 0.3% and CHX 0.2% mouth rinses applied for 15 and 30 s, respectively. Plaque index (PII), total bacterial counts and the detection of specific periopathogens were measured at the 5th day of each mouth rinse application. Taste acceptance was evaluated using a questionnaire.ResultsChlorhexidine 0.3% resulted in a statistically greater reductions (10%) in PIl and periopathogens compared to CHX 0.2%. Furthermore, patients reported comparable taste acceptance in both groups.ConclusionChlorhexidine is an effective oral antiseptic. The CHX 0.3% mouth rinse formulation used for 15 s resulted in superior clinical and microbiological outcomes compared to the CHX 0.2% formulation, used for 30 s.