bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using APSIM to explore wheat yield response to climate change in the North China Plain: the predicted adaptation of wheat cultivar types to vernalization
Authors: ZHANG Y. , FENG L. P. , WANG J. , WANG E. L. , XU Y. L. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYCultivar selection is a dominant factor in crop production to obtain high yield. While previous studies have evaluated a range of impacts and adaptation of climate change (CC) on crop yield, few studies have focused on evaluating the effectiveness of changing cultivars with different vernalization requirements as an adaptation. In the present study, mean and inter-annual variability of yield were quantified for three winter wheat cultivar types at three ecological sites (Shangzhuang in Beijing, Quzhou in Hebei and Huangfanqu in Henan) in the North China Plain, by linking a crop model and the outputs of Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) for both the baseline (1961–90) and future SRES scenarios A2 and B2 (2070–2100). The results showed that a warming trend prolonged the length of the vegetative growth period of local cultivars through reduced vernalization, generally leading to a negative impact on yield. However, the introduction of cultivars with relatively lower vernalization demands from warmer southern to cooler northern regions could be an effective adaptation strategy to offset the negative impact of climatic change. Adjustment in cultivars increased yield at Shangzhuang and maintained it at Quzhou and Huangfanqu. Elevated CO2would significantly increase yield in the future with or without considering the sensitivities of the selected cultivars. The inter-annual variability of yield generally increased in the A2 scenario, but decreased in the B2 scenario. Overall, winter wheat with semi-winter types or weak-winter types would grow preferentially, while cultivars with winter types would probably be reduced in future.
DISTINGUISHING THE IMPACT OF POSTPONEMENT, SPACING AND STOPPING ON BIRTH INTERVALS: EVIDENCE FROM A MODEL WITH HETEROGENEOUS FECUNDITY
Authors: TIMÆUS IAN M. , MOULTRIE TOM A. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThis paper investigates the impact on birth intervals of three distinct birth control strategies: stopping childbearing, spacing births and the postponement of further childbearing for reasons unrelated to women's family-building histories. A macro-simulation model of the family-building process is described that incorporates heterogeneity in fecundability. This model is used to demonstrate that the postponement of further childbearing has a distinctive impact on schedules of duration-specific fertility rates that differs from that of both family-size limitation and birth spacing. In particular, the simulation results, supplemented by an analytical exposition, show that reductions in fertility due to spacing are a function of interval duration and its log, while reductions due to postponement are a function of interval duration and its square. This provides a way to test statistically for the presence of, and distinguish between, differential postponement and spacing in regression analyses of birth history data.
Cognitive Dissonance, Sentiment, and Momentum
Authors: Antoniou Constantinos , Doukas John A. , Subrahmanyam Avanidhar 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe consider whether sentiment affects the profitability of momentum strategies. We hypothesize that news that contradicts investors’ sentiment causes cognitive dissonance, slowing the diffusion of such news. Thus, losers (winners) become underpriced under optimism (pessimism). Short-selling constraints may impede arbitraging of losers and thus strengthen momentum during optimistic periods. Supporting this notion, we empirically show that momentum profits arise only under optimism. An analysis of net order flows from small and large trades indicates that small investors are slow to sell losers during optimistic periods. Momentum-based hedge portfolios formed during optimistic periods experience long-run reversals.
Changing epidemiology of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureuscolonization in paediatric intensive-care units
Authors: HERMOS C. R. , SANDORA T. J. , WILLIAMS L. E. , MOSAMMAPARAST N. , McADAM A. J. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYCommunity-associated methicillin-resistantS. aureus(CA-MRSA) accounts for a growing proportion of hospital-onset infections, and colonization is a risk factor. This study aimed to determine changes in the prevalence of CA-MRSA colonization in paediatric intensive-care units (ICUs). A total of 495 paediatric patients colonized with MRSA from neonatal, medical, surgical, and cardiac ICUs between 2001 and 2009 were identified. Isolates were characterized byspatype, staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC)mectype and the presence of the genes encoding Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL). The proportion of patients colonized with MRSA remained stable (average 3·2%). The proportion of isolates withspatype 1, SCCmectype IV and PVL increased over time to maximums in 2009 of 36·1% (P < 0·001), 54·2% (P = 0·03) and 28·9% (P = 0·003), respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns showed increasing proportions susceptible to clindamycin, gentamicin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Pvalues <0·001). In conclusion, the proportion of MRSA-colonized children in ICUs with CA-MRSA increased significantly over time.
Correspondence between genetic structure and farmers' taxonomy – a case study from dry-season sorghum landraces in northern Cameroon
Authors: Soler Clelia , Saidou Abdoul-Aziz , Vi Cao Hamadou Tuong , Pautasso Marco , Wencelius Jean , Joly Hélène H. I. 
Published: November 2012

The study of the genetic structure of cultivated plant populations maintained by farmers is of great importance for evolutionary and conservation biology. Such studies help understand the bases of crop evolution and conservation in relation to farmers' practices. In this study, we assessed the genetic structure underlying landrace diversity of dry-season sorghum. This crop constitutes a historical model of innovation developed by farmers to extend sorghum cultivation to the dry season. Two types of dry-season sorghum are cultivated. We aimed to assess the link between farmers' taxonomy and molecular genetic structure. We collected both types of dry-season sorghum in two villages of northern Cameroon which represented 20 landraces. These landraces were genotyped using eight polymorphic microsatellite markers. This study compared two clustering methods: a Bayesian method (STRUCTURE) which is based on explicit genetic assumptions and the discriminant analysis of principal component method. The latter, more recently proposed, is based on the combination of principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. We noticed a general congruence between these two methods. We also used both methods to infer the genetic structure of our sample. Our results showed strong genetic structuring of the landraces, withK= 14 genetic clusters. We then analysed the fit between farmers' taxonomy and genetic structure. The data suggested that each type and each landrace corresponds to a given genetic entity. This pattern was robust across both villages, despite differences in cultural practices.
Manganese uptake in marine bacteria; the novel MntX transporter is widespread in Roseobacters, Vibrios, Alteromonadales and the SAR11 and SAR116 clades
Authors: Green Robert T , Todd Jonathan D , Johnston Andrew W B 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We showed that two very different manganese transporters occur in various important genera of marine bacteria. The ABC transporter encoded by sitABCD of the model Roseobacter-clade bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 is required for Mn2+ import and was repressed by the Mur (Manganese uptake regulator) transcriptional regulator in Mn-replete media. Most genome-sequenced Roseobacter strains contain SitABCD, which are in at least two sub-groups, judged by their amino-acid sequences. However, a few Roseobacters, for example, Roseovarius nubinhibens, lack sitABCD, but these contain another gene, mntX, which encodes a predicted inner membrane polypeptide and is preceded by cis-acting Mur-responsive MRS sequences. It was confirmed directly that mntX of Roseovarius nubinhibens encodes a manganese transporter that was required for growth in Mn-depleted media and that its expression was repressed by Mur in Mn-replete conditions. MntX homologues occur in the deduced proteomes of several bacterial species. Strikingly, all of these live in marine habitats, but are in distantly related taxonomic groups, in the γ- and α-proteobacteria. Notably, MntX was prevalent in nearly all strains of Vibrionales, including the important pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. It also occurs in a strain of the hugely abundant Candidatus Pelagibacter (SAR11), and in another populous marine bacterium, Candidatus Puniceispirillum marinum (SAR116). Consistent with this, MntX was abundant in marine bacterial metagenomes, with one sub-type occurring in an as-yet unknown bacterial clade.
Ocean currents shape the microbiome of Arctic marine sediments
Authors: Hamdan Leila J , Coffin Richard B , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Greinert Jens , Treude Tina , Gillevet Patrick M 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Prokaryote communities were investigated on the seasonally stratified Alaska Beaufort Shelf (ABS). Water and sediment directly underlying water with origin in the Arctic, Pacific or Atlantic oceans were analyzed by pyrosequencing and length heterogeneity-PCR in conjunction with physicochemical and geographic distance data to determine what features structure ABS microbiomes. Distinct bacterial communities were evident in all water masses. Alphaproteobacteria explained similarity in Arctic surface water and Pacific derived water. Deltaproteobacteria were abundant in Atlantic origin water and drove similarity among samples. Most archaeal sequences in water were related to unclassified marine Euryarchaeota. Sediment communities influenced by Pacific and Atlantic water were distinct from each other and pelagic communities. Firmicutes and Chloroflexi were abundant in sediment, although their distribution varied in Atlantic and Pacific influenced sites. Thermoprotei dominated archaea in Pacific influenced sediments and Methanomicrobia dominated in methane-containing Atlantic influenced sediments. Length heterogeneity-PCR data from this study were analyzed with data from methane-containing sediments in other regions. Pacific influenced ABS sediments clustered with Pacific sites from New Zealand and Chilean coastal margins. Atlantic influenced ABS sediments formed another distinct cluster. Density and salinity were significant structuring features on pelagic communities. Porosity co-varied with benthic community structure across sites and methane did not. This study indicates that the origin of water overlying sediments shapes benthic communities locally and globally and that hydrography exerts greater influence on microbial community structure than the availability of methane.
A Mechanistic, Model‐Based Approach to Safety Assessment in Clinical Development
Authors: Lippert J , Brosch M , von Kampen O , Meyer M , Siegmund H.‐U , Schafmayer C , Becker T , Laffert B , Görlitz L , Schreiber S , Neuvonen PJ , Niemi M , Hampe J , Kuepfer L 
Published: November 2012

Assessing the safety of pharmacotherapies is a primary goal of clinical trials in drug development. The low frequency of relevant side effects, however, often poses a significant challenge for risk assessment. Methodologies allowing robust extrapolation of safety statistics based on preclinical data and information from clinical trials with limited numbers of patients are hence needed to further improve safety and efficacy in the drug development process. Here, we present a generic systems pharmacology approach integrating prior physiological and pharmacological knowledge, preclinical data, and clinical trial results, which allows predicting adverse event rates related to drug exposure. Possible fields of application involve high‐risk populations, novel drug candidates, and different dosing scenarios. As an example, the approach is applied to simvastatin and pravastatin and the prediction of myopathy rates in a population with a genotype leading to a significantly increased myopathy risk.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2012) 1, e13; doi:10.1038/psp.2012.14; advance online publication 7 November 2012
The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: SCUBA-2 observations of radiative feedback in NGC 1333
Authors: Hatchell J. , Wilson T. , Drabek E. , Curtis E. , Richer J. , Nutter D. , Francesco J. Di , Ward-Thompson D. ,   on behalf of the JCMT GBS Consortium
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We present observations of NGC 1333 from SCUBA-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), observed as a JCMT Gould Belt Survey pilot project during the shared risk campaign when the first of four arrays was installed at each of 450 and 850 μm. Temperature maps are derived from 450 and 850 μm ratios under the assumption of constant dust opacity spectral index β = 1.8. Temperatures indicate that the dust in the northern (IRAS 6/8) region of NGC 1333 is hot, 20–40 K, due to heating by the B star SVS3, other young stars in the IR/optically visible cluster and embedded protostars. Other luminous protostars are also identified by temperature rises at the 17 arcsec resolution of the ratio maps (0.02 pc assuming a distance of 250 pc for Perseus). The extensive heating raises the possibility that the radiative feedback may lead to increased masses for the next generation of stars.
Protracted Maturation of Pancreatic‐Specific Elastase 1 Excretion in Preterm Infants of Extremely Low Gestational Age
Authors: Münch Annette , Garten Lars , Bührer Christoph 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present study was to better understand the exocrine pancreatic function of extremely preterm infants.Methods:Pancreatic‐specific elastase 1 (PSE1) activity was determined in spot stool samples of 69 preterm infants of gestational age <32 weeks and birth weight <1250 g. Assays were conducted on samples collected at 2 (N = 56), 4 (N = 46), and 6 weeks of age (N = 23).Results:PSE1 activity increased from week 2 (median [interquartile range] 84 [48–187] μg/g) to week 4 (164 [87–251 μg/g; P < 0.001) but not thereafter (169 [82–298] μg/g at week 6). The maturational increase in PSE1 activity was observed only in infants of gestational age <28 weeks (P < 0.001). At 2 weeks after birth, PSE1 levels were lower in infants of gestational age <28 weeks than in infants of gestational age ≥28 weeks (77 [43–110] vs 165 [56–300] μg/g; P = 0.019), but this difference was less pronounced at 4 weeks (153 [77–226] vs 230 [108–503] μg/g; P = 0.070) and had disappeared by 6 weeks (163 [76–258] vs 175 [85–418] μg/g; P = 0.576). In infants on full enteral feeding regimens 4 weeks after birth, PSE1 levels were associated with weight gain per unit of energy intake (Rs = 0.431; P = 0.005). This measure of weight gain was lower (P = 0.040) in infants with PSE1 levels <200 μg/g (0.110 [0.081–0.139] g/kcal, N = 25) than in those with PSE1 levels ≥200 μg/g (0.139 [0.117–0.157] g/kcal, N = 15). Administration of pancreatic enzymes to infants showing PSE1 excretion levels <200 μg/g did not enhance weight gain.Conclusions:Extremely preterm infants have limited exocrine pancreatic function during the first weeks of life, which may contribute to growth failure.
The current status of greenhouse gas reporting by Chinese companies
Authors: Ieng Chu Choi , Chatterjee Bikram , Brown Alistair 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors driving greenhouse gas reporting by Chinese companies.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis of annual reports and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports for the year 2010 of the top 100 A‐share companies listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange was conducted to investigate the extent of greenhouse gas reporting. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors driving these companies' greenhouse gas reporting.FindingsIt was found that most Chinese companies reported neutral and good news. The results also indicate larger companies operating in an industry which has higher level of carbon dioxide emissions tend to have higher levels of greenhouse gas disclosures, consistent with the expectation of legitimacy theory. However, profitability and overseas listing were not significantly related to greenhouse gas reporting. This is consistent with the findings of previous literature. Finally, contrary to expectations, state‐owned companies report less greenhouse gas information than private companies.Originality/valueThe paper contributes towards theory development by testing legitimacy theory in the context of greenhouse gas reporting by Chinese companies and contributes to existing literature on greenhouse gas reporting by focussing on the large emerging economy of China. The practical contribution of the paper rests in the area of accounting practice. The results outline the dearth in greenhouse gas reporting by Chinese companies, suggesting there needs to be future development of accounting standards in this area.
The next therapeutic community: autocracy, and other notes toward integrating old and new therapeutic communities
Authors: De Leon George 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a comparison of “old” democratic therapeutic communities, and “new” therapeutic communities for drug abuse.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a review of historical and cultural influences on therapeutic community development, with particular reference to leadership.FindingsFree from bias, cultural, psychological or ideological, the next therapeutic communities should integrate elements of both old and new therapeutic communities, in a development strategy which assimilates, socializes and finally prepares the individual for full participation in the larger community. Within this strategy, a rational authority model is not inherently flawed but can provide a structured stage for corrective experience leading toward personal autonomy. Regardless of its particular form, however, the efficacy of the next therapeutic community will relate directly to the extent to which they incorporate the essential of its modern and ancient prototypes, that of community and healer and teacher.Originality/valueThe two main types of therapeutic community have tended to operate and develop separately. The author calls the rigid separation into question and identifies key shared elements.
Mental health, poverty and development
Authors: Funk Michelle , Drew Natalie , Knapp Martin 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis paper, which builds on the findings of WHO's Report on Mental Health and Development, aims to highlight the health, social, economic, and human rights effects of unaddressed mental disorders in low and middle income countries (LMICs) and to propose effective strategies to address mental disorders and their impacts as part of an overall development strategy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper first reviews the findings of relevant research on mental disorders and poverty and then proposes solutions that can be adopted by countries to promote development.FindingsThis evidence of strong links between poverty and mental disorder supports the argument that mental disorders should be an important concern for development strategies. Mental disorders have diverse and far‐reaching social impacts, including homelessness, higher rates of imprisonment, poor educational opportunities and outcomes, lack of employment and reduced income. Targeted poverty alleviation programmes are needed to break the cycle between mental illness and poverty. These must include measures specifically addressing the needs of people with mental health conditions, such as the provision of accessible and effective services and support, facilitation of education, employment opportunities and housing, and enforcement of human rights protection.Originality/valueThe paper highlights that four out of every five people suffering from mental disorders are living in LMICs. Many LMICs have identified mental health as an important issue, yet lack the finances and technical expertise to address the problem. Having mental health on the agenda of development organizations will be a critical step for overcoming the negative development consequences of mental disorders.
Sweet Mother: evaluation of a pilot mental health service for asylum‐seeking mothers and babies
Authors: O'Shaughnessy Ruth , Nelki Julia , Chiumento Anna , Hassan Amira , Rahman Atif 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the evaluation of an innovative pilot mental health service for asylum seeking mothers and their babies in their first year of life, and to highlight the challenges and possibilities when intervening with this group.Design/methodology/approachA mixed‐methods evaluation was designed based upon the participatory action research framework, viewing mothers and their infants as active participants in the research process. Evaluation comprised reflective infant‐led session evaluations, CARE Index video microanalysis, and reflective focus group discussions. CARE Index analysis was conducted by a trained Psychologist and an external coder to ensure reliability of findings. Focus group discussions were thematically analysed, and reflective infant‐led session evaluations scored for comparison.FindingsEvaluation has highlighted the imperative of designing responsive service models able to adapt to cultural nuances and the realities of asylum seekers' lives. Qualitative data provide a rich narrative of the benefits of therapeutic interventions for this group, which are reaffirmed by CARE Index analysis and session evaluations.Research limitations/implicationsAs a pilot service the numbers involved in this evaluation are small. Furthermore, a paucity of measurement tools validated in languages other than English forced reliance upon self‐designed tools such as the reflective infant‐led session evaluation designed to complement a “keeping the baby in mind” ethos of the intervention. This has been complemented by CARE Index analysis and qualitative focus group discussions. The combination of measurement instruments and data analysis tools provides a comprehensive indication of the impact of this pilot intervention.Practical implicationsThe benefits and challenges of establishing an early‐intervention therapeutic service for refugee and asylum seeking women and their infants are detailed and reflected upon. It is hoped that by chronicling the experience and findings an evidence base is being built to support development of future innovative service models.Social implicationsPolicy aspirations to meet the needs of refugee and asylum seeking women and their infants identify the need to provide rights‐based, humane and person‐centred services. The pilot model described here meets these aspirations and can be used as an adaptable and responsive model upon which other services can draw.Originality/valueThe paper provides a comprehensive service evaluation, highlighting key policy and practice implications to support the delivery of health and social care services targeting refugee and asylum seeking women and their infants.