bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing cognition in neuromorphic electronic systems
Authors: Neftci Emre , Binas Jonathan , Rutishauser Ueli , Chicca Elisabetta , Indiveri Giacomo , Douglas Rodney J. 
Published: July 2013

SignificanceNeuromorphic emulations express the dynamics of neural systems in analogous electronic circuits, offering a distributed, low-power technology for constructing intelligent systems. However, neuromorphic circuits are inherently imprecise and noisy, and there has been no systematic method for configuring reliable behavioral dynamics on these substrates. We describe such a method, which is able to install simple cognitive behavior on the neuromorphic substrate. Our approach casts light on the general question of how the neuronal circuits of the brain, and also future neuromorphic technologies, could implement cognitive behavior in a principled manner.
Reactive nitrogen species regulate autophagy through ATM-AMPK-TSC2–mediated suppression of mTORC1
Authors: Tripathi Durga N. , Chowdhury Rajdeep , Trudel Laura J. , Tee Andrew R. , Slack Rebecca S. , Walker Cheryl Lyn , Wogan Gerald N. 
Published: July 2013

Significance
NO exposure triggered an ATM-mediated damage response in breast cancer cells involving activation of the LKB1 and TSC2 tumor suppressors, repression of mTORC1, ULK phosphorylation, and increased autophagic flux. The associated loss of cell viability indicates that autophagy can function as a cytotoxic response to nitrosative stress in tumor cells. Collectively, the data identify a nitrosative-stress signaling pathway that regulates autophagy. A more comprehensive understanding of signaling pathways regulating autophagy holds promise for developing new therapeutic approaches compromising prosurvival autophagic pathways that enable tumor cells to evade therapy, or promoting prodeath autophagic pathways that kill cancer cells.
On the use of the Cole–Cole equations in spectral induced polarization
Authors: Tarasov Andrey , Titov Konstantin 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Two different equations, both of which are often called ‘the Cole–Cole equation’, are widely used to fit experimental Spectral Induced Polarization data. The data are compared on the basis of fitting model parameters: the chargeability, the time constant and the exponent. The difference between the above two equations (the Cole–Cole equation proposed by the Cole brothers and Pelton's equation) is manifested in one of the fitting parameters, the time constant. The Cole–Cole time constant is an inverse of the peak angular frequency of the imaginary conductivity, while Pelton's time constant depends on the chargeability and exponent values. The difference between the time constant values corresponding to the above two equations grows with the increase of the chargeability value, and with the decrease of the Cole–Cole exponent value. This issue must be taken into consideration when comparing the experimental data sets for high polarizability media presented in terms of the Cole–Cole parameters.
Night-time predation on post-settlement Japanese black rockfish Sebastes cheni in a macroalgal bed: effect of body length on the predation rate
Authors: Kinoshita Hikari , Kamimura Yasuhiro , Mizuno Ken-Ichiro , Shoji Jun 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRecent field studies have pointed out that the vulnerability of juvenile fish to predation is higher than anticipated during night-time in vegetated habitats. Effects of abundance, body length, and growth rate on predation were examined in juvenile Japanese black rockfish in 2009–2011 in a macroalgal bed. Juvenile rockfish abundance ranged between 2.5 and 49.0 ind. 100 m–2 and the biomass of potential predators (piscivorous fish >82.5 mm) between 140.0 and 601.3 g 100 m−2. Sebastes inermis was the most dominant predator, compromising more than 50% by wet weight on all sampling days. Comparison of the total length of juveniles surviving (as original population, OP) and that of juveniles ingested (IG) by predators provided the evidence of the size-selective predation on juvenile rockfish on three of seven sampling days. The juvenile predation rate estimated as abundance of IG (N 100 m−2)/(abundance of IG + OP (N 100 m−2)) × 100100 varied between 0.4 and 12.5%. Neither juvenile rockfish abundance nor predator biomass had a significant effect on the juvenile predation rate, whereas the juvenile body length had a significant effect, smaller individuals being more vulnerable to predation. The growth-selective predation was not detected. Macroalgal habitats, although functioning as nurseries during the day, may contribute as feeding grounds for piscivorous fish predators at night leading to enhanced nocturnal predation rates.
Can behavioural ecology unite hypotheses for fish recruitment?
Authors: Jørgensen Christian , Opdal Anders Frugård , Fiksen Øyvind 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSince the classical works by Hjort linked the survival of early life stages of fish to year-class strength and recruitment, fisheries science has struggled to understand the fate of fish eggs and larvae. Here we discuss how food availability will influence growth and survival of larvae when foraging behaviour is flexible and involves predation risk. We use theory to show that small larval fish with a high risk of predation should nevertheless forage intensely and maintain high growth rates. The implication of this is that food availability is more important to recruitment success than is often assumed from studies of growth rate, since the main effect of low food availability appears as increased predation rates. As larvae develop and grow bigger, they are expected to tailor their behaviour to balance food intake and predation risk, which makes it more probable that environmental fluctuations will cause growth differences. A theoretical framework including larval behaviour thus illustrates how several existing hypotheses, i.e. “bigger is better”, “stage duration”, and “growth-selective predation”, emphasize different aspects of larval success but can be understood more generally and coherently when interpreted in the light of behavioural trade-offs. This may lead to more consistent consideration of larval behaviour in biophysical models of fish recruitment.
Climate forcing and the Kuroshio/Oyashio ecosystem
Authors: Yatsu Akihiko , Chiba Sanae , Yamanaka Yasuhiro , Ito Shin-ichi , Shimizu Yugo , Kaeriyama Masahide , Watanabe Yoshioro 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Yatsu, A., Chiba, S., Yamanaka, Y., Ito, S-I., Shimizu, Y., Kaeriyama, M., and Watanabe, Y. 2013. Climate forcing and the Kuroshio/Oyashio ecosystem. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 922–933. The Kuroshio and Oyashio, western boundary currents in the North Pacific, greatly influence climate, ecosystems, and fisheries in the western North Pacific and its adjacent waters. The Kuroshio/Oyashio ecosystem (KOE) shows interannual and decadal variability including regime shifts. Under a collaboration of the Climate Forcing and Marine Ecosystem Response (CFAME) Task Team and Working Group 20 (Evaluations of Climate Change Projections) of PICES, we analysed the observed time-series of physics, nutrients, chlorophyll, zooplankton abundance and phenology, and productivity, biomass, and catch of commercially important species to assess the impacts of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's global change scenarios on KOE. Mechanistic linkages from climate forcing to fish population dynamics were explored for the Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus), Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus), walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), and chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). Future scenarios of zooplankton, commercial species, and ecosystem changes were presented based on the empirical mechanistic linkages and results of projections for physical conditions and primary production in KOE derived from both empirical knowledge and three-dimensional ecosystem-biogeochemical models. Associated data gaps, uncertainties, and implications for managers were also discussed.
Changing attitudes 1970–2012: evolution of the Norwegian management framework to prevent overfishing and to secure long-term sustainability
Authors: Gullestad Peter , Aglen Asgeir , Bjordal Åsmund , Blom Geir , Johansen Sverre , Krog Jørn , Misund Ole Arve , Røttingen Ingolf 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGullestad, P., Aglen, A., Bjordal, Å., Blom, G., Johansen, S., Krog, J., Misund, O. A., and Røttingen, I. 2014. Changing attitudes 1970–2012: evolution of the Norwegian management framework to prevent overfishing and to secure long-term sustainability. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 173–182. Fisheries have been important for livelihood in Norwegian coastal communities for centuries. The development of new fishing technology and increasing fishing capacity posed challenges for the sustainability of the fisheries. The Norwegian spring spawning herring was depleted in the1960s—with dire consequences. This event, and the subsequent efforts to rebuild the stock, was paramount to the gradual development of a coherent Norwegian policy to prevent overfishing and secure long-term sustainability. Nevertheless, overfishing continued during the ensuing transitional decades when a range of new management tools were developed and made effective. Internationally, the extension of the economic zones to 200 nautical miles, and agreement on sharing and management of joint stocks were important elements. At the national level, the development of measures to curb overcapacity, improvement of exploitation patterns through technical regulations, ban on discard and the evolution of procedures for rational decision-making for setting total allowable catches (TACs) on the basis of harvest control rules, were all decisive elements. Another crucial factor was the creation of a whole new profession of fishery inspection. We describe a system of close collaboration between specialists—scientists, fishery managers, and stakeholders—each with a distinct role in building a solid framework to prevent overfishing and secure long-term sustainability.
Data from fur seal scats reveal when Namibian Merluccius capensis are hatched and how fast they grow
Authors: Wilhelm Margit R. , Roux Jean-Paul , Moloney Coleen L. , Jarre Astrid 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Wilhelm, M. R., Roux, J-P., Moloney, C. L., and Jarre, A. 2013. Data from fur seal scats reveal when Namibian Merluccius capensis are hatched and how fast they grow. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: . Scat samples were collected regularly at several breeding colonies of Cape fur seals along the Namibian coast. Merluccius capensis otoliths were obtained from these samples, identified, and measured. Cohorts were easily distinguishable using otolith length measurements converted to fish total length. Growth rates of 2- to 21-month-old hake and hatch dates for each of 15 cohorts were estimated from September 1994 to October 2009 (1994–2008 cohorts) using a Schnute growth function and a non-linear mixed-effects model. The function describing growth of these young hake was length Lt (cm) at age t (years) Lt = 3.17 + (25.0 − 3.17) × [1 − e−0.665 × (t − 0.140)]/[1 − e−0.665 × (1.74–0.140)]. Cohort-specific random effects showed a population hatch date estimate of 31 July (austral winter), varying by 94 days among cohorts, from 31 May (1996 cohort) to 1 September (2004 cohort). The mean growth rate from ages 6 to 12 months was 1.26 cm month−1 for the population, ranging between 0.97 cm month−1 (1996 cohort) and 1.38 cm month−1 (2004 cohort). As this rate is almost double the previously estimated value, which is currently used in the stock assessment models, this result may have major implications for the current stock assessment results and the management of the stock. Re-examination of growth rates needs to be extended to older fish.
New insights on European hake biology and population dynamics from a sustained tagging effort in the Bay of Biscay
Authors: de Pontual Hélène , Jolivet Aurélie , Garren François , Bertignac Michel 
Published: July 2013

Abstractde Pontual, H., Jolivet, A., Garren, F., and Bertignac, M. 2013. New insights on European hake biology and population dynamics from a sustained tagging effort in the Bay of Biscay. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: . Following a pilot experiment that fundamentally challenged the knowledge of European hake life traits (growth and age at first maturity), a sustained tagging effort was carried out in the Bay of Biscay from 2004 to 2007. Out of 27 690 fish tagged between 2002 and 2007, 1199 (4.3%) have been recovered to date. These data have permitted a refinement of the growth parameters of the species, analysis of interannual variability, improved understanding of movements and migrations, and an examination of natural (M) and fishing mortality (F). Both L∞ and K of a von Bertalanffy growth model could be estimated using a robust non-linear regression procedure. Growth varied significantly between years, which is likely related to variation in environmental factors such as temperature. Data did not reveal seasonal movements of fish perhaps because of poor tag return rates from offshore fleets. However, results clearly revealed homing behaviour and/or inshore residency. Confounding factors hindered the estimation of mortality, which resulted in high estimates of M. The outcomes of this experiment led to substantial changes in the stock assessment conducted by ICES and call into question the findings of previous studies that have used erroneous age-based data to address topics on the ecology and dynamics of this species.
Description of a new species of Orphinus Motschulsky 1858 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae: Megatominae), with a key and checklist of known species from Papua New Guinea
Authors: Kadej Marcin , Háva Jiří 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOrphinus missae, sp. nov., is described from Papua New Giunea. The habitus, antenna and genitalia are illustrated and compared with related species. A key to the known dermestid species from Papua New Guinea is presented. A revised checklist for species of the family Dermestidae from Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea is also provided.
Morphological versus molecular identification of Culex annulirostris Skuse and Culex palpalis Taylor: key members of the Culex sitiens (Diptera: Culicidae) subgroup in Australasia
Authors: Jansen Cassie C , Hemmerter Stéphane , van den Hurk Andrew F , Whelan Peter I , Beebe Nigel W 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMembers of the Culex sitiens subgroup of mosquitoes are important arbovirus vectors in the Australasian region. However, some species in this group, particularly Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis, are difficult to distinguish based on morphological characters alone. We evaluated the reliability of morphological characters commonly used in taxonomic keys against a PCR‐based diagnostic tool that examined the ribosomal ITS1 gene region. Although reliable morphological characters allow identification, molecular identification remains the most accurate means for distinguishing Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis.
In Vitro Comparison of the Delivery of Gaseous Microemboli and Hemodynamic Energy for a Diagonal and a Roller Pump During Simulated Infantile Cardiopulmonary Bypass Procedures
Authors: Dhami Ranjodh , Wang Shigang , Kunselman Allen R. , Ündar Akif 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is used for a variety of procedures in pediatric patients. Flow settings of the CPB pump have dramatic effects on patient outcome, and gaseous microemboli delivery within the CPB circuit has been linked to neurological complications. To ensure the ongoing improvement of pediatric CPB, consistent evaluation and improvement of the equipment is necessary. In this study we analyze the Jostra HL‐20 roller pump (Jostra USA, Austin, TX, USA) and a Medos Deltastream DP3 diagonal pump (MEDOS Medizintechnik AG, Stolberg, Germany) which has not yet received Food and Drug Administration approval. An infant CPB model with heparinized human blood is used to quantify the gaseous microemboli delivery (via an Emboli Detection and Classification Quantifier), as well as the hemodynamic energy delivered under flow rates of 400, 800, and 1200 mL/min. Results show that at most flow settings the DP3 delivers fewer microemboli than the Jostra roller pump at the pre‐oxygenator site, with an exception at 1200 mL/min under pulsatile mode. The total volume and the number of gaseous microemboli greater than 40 μm in diameter were lower in the DP3 group. The HL‐20 exhibits less stolen blood flow (except at 1200 mL/min) and oxygenator pressure drops in both pulsatile and nonpulsatile mode. Additionally, under pulsatile flow the DP3 delivers greater surplus hemodynamic energy. Both pumps produce relatively few microemboli and deliver adequate hemodynamic energy to the pseudo‐patient, with the DP3 performing slightly better under most flow settings.
Anti‐Inflammatory Strategies to Reduce Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Scrascia Giuseppe , Guida Pietro , Rotunno Crescenzia , de Luca Tupputi Schinosa Luigi , Paparella Domenico 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac operations is a serious complication associated with postoperative mortality. Multiple factors contribute to AKI development, principally ischemia‐reperfusion injury and inflammatory response. It is well proven that glucocorticoid administration, leukocyte filter application, and miniaturized extracorporeal circuits (MECC) modulate inflammatory response. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which one of these inflammatory system modulation strategies was used, with the aim to evaluate the effects on postoperative AKI. MEDLINE and Cochrane Library were screened through November 2011 for RCTs in which an inflammatory system modulation strategy was adopted. Included were trials that reported data about postoperative renal outcomes. Because AKI was defined by different criteria, including biochemical determinations, urine output, or dialysis requirement, we unified renal outcome as worsening renal function (WRF). We identified 14 trials for steroids administration (931 patients, WRF incidence [treatment vs. placebo]: 2.7% vs. 2.4%; OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.53–2.43; P = 0.79), 9 trials for MECC (947 patients, WRF incidence: 2.4% vs. 0.9%; OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.18–1.25; P = 0.13), 6 trials for leukocyte filters (374 patients, WRF incidence: 1.1% vs. 7.5%; OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05–0.64; P = 0.008). Only leukocyte filters effectively reduced WRF incidence. Not all cardiopulmonary bypass‐related anti‐inflammatory strategies analyzed reduced renal damage after cardiac operations. In adult patients, probably other factors are predominant on inflammation in determining AKI, and only leukocyte filters were effective. Large multicenter RCTs are needed in order to better evaluate the role of inflammation in AKI development after cardiac operations.
Impact of autogenous concentrated bone marrow aspirate on bone regeneration after sinus floor augmentation with a bovine bone substitute – a split‐mouth pilot study
Authors: Wildburger Angelika , Payer Michael , Jakse Norbert , Strunk Dirk , Etchard‐Liechtenstein Nathalie , Sauerbier Sebastian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with biomaterials have osteoinductive potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate early bone formation in xenogenic sinus grafts in a direct comparison with and without MSCs after 3 and 6 months. Literature on bone formation in pure xenogenic graft materials after 3 months in a human model is still lacking.Materials and methodsIn a split‐mouth design, seven patients with a bilateral highly atrophic posterior maxilla were included. The test side was grafted with MSCs from concentrated bone marrow aspirate admixed to the bone graft material. On the control side, pure bovine bone material was applied. Biopsies were taken navigated after 3 and 6 months.ResultsAfter 3 months, new bone formation in the control group was 11.8% (SD 6.2%) and in the test group 7.4% (SD 4.1%). After 6 months, the control group showed 13.9% (SD 8.5%) of new bone and the test group 13.5% NB (SD 5.4%). The fraction of bovine bone material after 3 months was 42.6% (SD 3.5%) in the test group and 34.9% (SD 11.8%) in the control group. After 6 months, the biomaterial content was comparable at both sides (test 36.2%, SD 7.8%; control 39.5%, SD 9.3%).ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in new bone formation between the test and control group with n = 7. The results may be dominated by the high mineral content of the biomaterial but could nevertheless be valuable for meta‐analysis in the future.
Quetiapine Fumarate for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on Myelin Repair
Authors: Zhornitsky Simon , Wee Yong Voon , Koch Marcus W. , Mackie Aaron , Potvin Stéphane , Patten Scott B. , Metz Luanne M. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disorder that is associated with progressive oligodendrocyte and neuronal loss, axonal degeneration, and demyelination. Several medications that mitigate immune abnormalities reduce both the frequency of relapses and inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging, leading to improved outcomes for people with the relapsing–remitting form of MS. However, there are no treatments for the progressive forms of MS where neurons and axons continue to degenerate; here, neuroprotective therapies, or medications that rebuild myelin to confer axonal well‐being, may be useful. Quetiapine fumarate is an atypical antipsychotic with reported remyelinating and neuroprotective properties in inflammatory and noninflammatory models of demyelination, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and both cuprizone‐ and global cerebral ischemia‐induced demyelination. Preclinical studies suggest that quetiapine may exert these effects by stimulating proliferation and maturation of oligodendrocytes, releasing neurotrophic factors, increasing antioxidant defences, scavenging for free radicals, and inhibiting activated microglia, astrocytes, and T lymphocytes. Additionally, quetiapine may be beneficial for psychiatric and nonpsychiatric symptoms of MS including depression, anxiety, insomnia, and possibly even pain. These data indicate that clinical trials are justified to determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of quetiapine fumarate in MS.