bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Phase III Study of Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Irinotecan Versus Epirubicin, Cisplatin, and Capecitabine in Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A French Intergroup (Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer, and Groupe Coopérateur Multidisciplinaire en Oncologie) Study
Authors: Guimbaud Rosine , Louvet Christophe , Ries Pauline , Ychou Marc , Maillard Emilie , André Thierry , Gornet Jean-Marc , Aparicio Thomas , Nguyen Suzanne , Azzedine Ahmed , Etienne Pierre-Luc , Boucher Eveline , Rebischung Christine , Hammel Pascal , Rougier Philippe , Bedenne Laurent , Bouché Olivier 
Published: October 2014

Purpose To compare epirubicin, cisplatin, and capecitabine (ECX) with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) as first-line treatments in patients with advanced gastric or esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods This open, randomized, phase III study was carried out in 71 centers. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric or EGJ cancer were randomly assigned to receive either ECX as first-line treatment (ECX arm) or FOLFIRI (FOLFIRI arm). Second-line treatment was predefined (FOLFIRI for the ECX arm and ECX for the FOLFIRI arm). The primary criterion was time-to-treatment failure (TTF) of the first-line therapy. Secondary criteria were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), toxicity, and quality of life. Results In all, 416 patients were included (median age, 61.4 years; 74% male). After a median follow-up of 31 months, median TTF was significantly longer with FOLFIRI than with ECX (5.1 v 4.2 months; P = .008). There was no significant difference between the two groups in median PFS (5.3 v 5.8 months; P = .96), median OS (9.5 v 9.7 months; P = .95), or response rate (39.2% v 37.8%). First-line FOLFIRI was better tolerated (overall rate of grade 3 to 4 toxicity, 69% v 84%; P < .001; hematologic adverse events [AEs], 38% v 64.5%; P < .001; nonhematologic AEs: 53% v 53.5%; P = .81). Conclusion FOLFIRI as first-line treatment for advanced gastric and EGJ cancer demonstrated significantly better TTF than did ECX. Other outcome results indicate that FOLFIRI is an acceptable first-line regimen in this setting and should be explored as a backbone regimen for targeted agents.
Safety and Efficacy of Neratinib in Combination With Capecitabine in Patients With Metastatic Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Saura Cristina , Garcia-Saenz Jose A. , Xu Binghe , Harb Wael , Moroose Rebecca , Pluard Timothy , Cortés Javier , Kiger Corinne , Germa Caroline , Wang Kongming , Martin Miguel , Baselga José , Kim Sung-Bae 
Published: October 2014

Purpose Neratinib is a potent irreversible pan-tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antitumor activity and acceptable tolerability in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive breast cancer. A multinational, open-label, phase I/II trial was conducted to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of neratinib plus capecitabine in patients with solid tumors (part one) and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neratinib plus capecitabine in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (part two). Patients and Methods Part one was a 3 + 3 dose-escalation study in which patients with advanced solid tumors received oral neratinib once per day continuously plus capecitabine twice per day on days 1 to 14 of a 21-day cycle at predefined dose levels. In part two, patients with trastuzumab-pretreated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer received neratinib plus capecitabine at the MTD. The primary end point in part two was objective response rate (ORR). Results In part one (n = 33), the combination of neratinib 240 mg per day plus capecitabine 1,500 mg/m2 per day was defined as the MTD, which was further evaluated in part 2 (n = 72). The most common drug-related adverse events were diarrhea (88%) and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (48%). In part two, the ORR was 64% (n = 39 of 61) in patients with no prior lapatinib exposure and 57% (n = 4 of 7) in patients previously treated with lapatinib. Median progression-free survival was 40.3 and 35.9 weeks, respectively. Conclusion Neratinib in combination with capecitabine had a manageable toxicity profile and showed promising antitumor activity in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer pretreated with trastuzumab and lapatinib.
A New Concise Synthesis of (+)-Ipomeamarone, (−)-Ngaione, and Their Stereoisomers
Authors: Usuki Yoshinosuke , Deguchi Taku , Iio Hideo 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A new concise and enantiocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-ipomeamarone (1), a well-known phytoalexin, is described. The key step involved a tetrahydrofuran ring construction from optically active furyl alcohol 5 via the π-allyl palladium complex with a chiral phosphine ligand. This procedure was also applicable to the synthesis of (−)-ngaione (2) and its stereoisomers.
Niche Genetic Algorithms are better than traditional Genetic Algorithms for de novo Protein Folding
Authors: Brown Michael Scott , Bennett Tommy , Coker James A. 
Published: October 2014

Here we demonstrate that Niche Genetic Algorithms (NGA) are better at computing de novo protein folding than traditional Genetic Algorithms (GA). Previous research has shown that proteins can fold into their active forms in a limited number of ways; however, predicting how a set of amino acids will fold starting from the primary structure is still a mystery. GAs have a unique ability to solve these types of scientific problems because of their computational efficiency. Unfortunately, GAs are generally quite poor at solving problems with multiple optima. However, there is a special group of GAs called Niche Genetic Algorithms (NGA) that are quite good at solving problems with multiple optima. In this study, we use a specific NGA: the Dynamic-radius Species-conserving Genetic Algorithm (DSGA), and show that DSGA is very adept at predicting the folded state of proteins, and that DSGA is better than a traditional GA in deriving the correct folding pattern of a protein.
Circulating Long Noncoding RNA TapSAKI Is a Predictor of Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Lorenzen Johan M , Schauerte Celina , Kielstein Jan T , Hübner Anika , Martino Filippo , Fiedler Jan , Gupta Shashi K , Faulhaber-Walter Robert , Kumarswamy Regalla , Hafer Carsten , Haller Hermann , Fliser Danilo , Thum Thomas 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel intracellular noncoding ribonucleotides regulating gene expression. Intriguingly, these RNA transcripts are detectable and stable in the blood of patients with cancer and cardiovascular disease. We tested whether circulating lncRNAs in plasma of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) at inception of renal replacement therapy were deregulated and might predict survival.

METHODS
We performed a global lncRNA expression analysis using RNA isolated from plasma of patients with AKI, healthy controls, and ischemic disease controls. This global screen revealed several deregulated lncRNAs in plasma samples of patients with AKI. lncRNA-array–based alterations were confirmed in kidney biopsies of patients as well as in plasma of 109 patients with AKI, 30 age-matched healthy controls, and 30 disease controls by quantitative real-time PCR.

RESULTS
Circulating concentrations of the novel intronic antisense lncRNA TrAnscript Predicting Survival in AKI (TapSAKI) (P &lt; 0.0001) were detectable in kidney biopsies and upregulated in plasma of patients with AKI. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier curve analysis revealed TapSAKI as an independent predictor of 28-day survival (P &lt; 0.01). TapSAKI was enriched in tubular epithelial cells subjected to ATP depletion (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
The alteration of circulating concentrations of lncRNAs in patients with AKI supports TapSAKI as a predictor of mortality in this patient cohort.
A planar bi-Lipschitz extension theorem
Authors: Daneri Sara , Pratelli Aldo 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We prove that, given a planar bi-Lipschitz map u defined on the boundary of the unit square, it is possible to extend it to a function v of the whole square, in such a way that v is still bi-Lipschitz. In particular, denoting by L and L˜ the bi-Lipschitz constants of u and v, with our construction one has L˜ ≤ C
L
4 (C being an explicit geometric constant). The same result was proved in 1980 by Tukia (see [Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Ser. A I Math. 5 (1980), no. 1, 49–72]), using a completely different argument, but without any estimate on the constant L˜. In particular, the function v can be taken either smooth or (countably) piecewise affine.
On the type number of a hypersurface in the 6-dimensional sphere
Authors: Erdoğan Mehmet , Pirinççi Beran , Alo Jeta , Yilmaz Gülşen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We prove that if a hypersurface M with constant scalar curvature in S6 (1) has the sectional curvatures ≤ 1, then the type number of M is not greater than 1.
On the equality case in Ehrhart’s volume conjecture
Authors: Nill Benjamin , Paffenholz Andreas 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Ehrhart’s conjecture proposes a sharp upper bound on the volume of a convex body whose barycenter is its only interior lattice point. Recently, Berman and Berndtsson proved this conjecture for a class of rational polytopes including reflexive polytopes. In particular, they showed that the complex projective space has the maximal anticanonical degree among all toric Kähler- Einstein Fano manifolds.
In this note, we prove that projective space is the only such toric manifold with maximal degree by proving the corresponding convex-geometric statement. We also discuss a generalized version of Ehrhart’s conjecture involving an invariant corresponding to the so-called greatest lower bound on the Ricci curvature.
Slope stability of Fano fourfolds with respect to smooth surfaces
Authors: Kim Hosung , Won Joonyeong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Let (X,-KX) be a Fano fourfold and let S⊂X be a smooth surface. We show that (X,-KX) is slope semistable with respect to S if c1(NS|X) is a nontrivial and nef class.
Harmonising European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS): Issues and Perspectives for Europe’s Economy and Society
Authors: Biondi Yuri 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAccounting systems play a hidden but fundamental role as mode and instrument of representation, coordination and organisation for the public sector and its specific public action. Therefore, financial and accounting reforms transform, implement and reshape public policies as well as the working and very existence of public administration. Last March 2013, the European Commission started a relevant project with the intention to create harmonised “European Public Sector Accounting Standards” (EPSAS) and implement them in the Member States. Between 1995 and 2002, a similar project was already achieved for private sector accounting standards-setting, leading to adoption and implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The EPSAS project should decide if public sector accounting standards-setting shall follow a similar pattern to converge towards the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) that transplant the IFRS in the public sector. This choice may have fundamental implications for the European (Monetary) Union, since public sector accounting and public finances are fundamental elements of its institutional framework. This thematic issue aims to provide analyses and perspectives on this ongoing public sector accounting harmonisation process in Europe, addressing its governance and contents, as well as its consequences and implications for Europe’s economy and society.
Antitrust as Facilitating Factor for Collusion
Authors: Bos Iwan , Letterie Wilko , Vermeulen Dries 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This paper examines collusion among firms whose discount factors are private information. Mutual uncertainty regarding intentions to restrict competition might undermine the possibility of tacit collusion. Firms that want to collude may, however, reveal their intentions by consciously acting in breach of antitrust laws. As antitrust activity makes explicit collusion costly in expected terms, it can potentially be (ab)used as signaling device. We show that the fight against cartels may indeed facilitate collusion.
A multivariate analysis of the Old English ACC+DAT double object alternation
Authors: De Cuypere Ludovic 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn Old English, the ditransitive construction with an accusative (direct) object and a dative (indirect) object occurred with two alternating object orders: ACC-DAT vs. DAT-ACC. This study examines the motivations behind the OE speakers’ choice for one of both orders. The effect of 16 factors was evaluated based on a corpus sample of N = 2409 sentences drawn from the York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose (Taylor et al. 2003). The data was analysed by means of a mixed-effects logistic regression analysis. The results indicate that the ACC+DAT alternation was largely driven by the same factors that motivate the dative alternation in later stages of British English. However, no evidence was found for specific verb preferences in Old English, which suggests that the OE object alternation was less driven by semantics than the dative alternation in PDE. It is argued that the results further substantiate Wolk et al.’s (2012) claim that the cognitive mechanisms underlying present-day probabilistic patterns also underlie past variation.
Cooking from cold to hot: goal-directedness in simulation and language
Authors: Welke Tinka , Raisig Susanne , Nowack Kati , Schaadt Gesa , Hagendorf Herbert , van der Meer Elke 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe present study explores the processing of temporal information in event knowledge by focusing on the transition from an earlier, source state to a later, goal state. Participants were presented with an event verb followed by antonymous adjectives or adverbs denoting an earlier state and a later state. The states were presented either chronologically (to cook: cold – hot) or inversely (to cook: hot – cold) with regard to the denoted event. Participants were asked to identify either the earlier or the later state. We found that later states are identified faster and more accurately than earlier states. Later states presented chronologically were identified even more quickly than later states presented inversely. We attribute our results to the fact that directedness towards the goal state is a general principle of cognition which plays a fundamental role in language and in simulation, whereby language processing provides faster and more direct access to goals even than simulation.
Large Sample Bounds on the Survivor Average Causal Effect in the Presence of a Binary Covariate with Conditionally Ignorable Treatment Assignment
Authors: Freiman Michael H. , S. Small Dylan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA common problem when conducting an experiment or observational study for the purpose of causal inference is “censoring by death,” in which an event occurring during the experiment causes the desired outcome value – such as quality of life (QOL) – not to be defined for some subjects. One approach to this is to estimate the Survivor Average Causal Effect (SACE), which is the difference in the mean QOL between the treated and control arms, considering only those individuals who would have had well-defined QOL regardless of whether they received the treatment of interest, where the treatment is imposed by the researcher in an experiment or by the subject in the case of an observational study. Zhang and Rubin [
Heat Transfer during Steaming of Bread
Authors: Ananingsih Victoria K. , Sim Edda Y. L. , Chen Xiao Dong , Zhou Weibiao 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Understanding of heat transfer during steaming is important to optimize the processing of steamed bread and to produce desired qualities in the final product. Physicochemical changes occur during steaming of the dough which might be impacted upon by the heat transfer system. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to describe the heat transfer system in the bread being steaming throughout the heating process. The Forward Euler method was employed for solving the three-dimensional partial differential equation set for heat transfer to produce temperature profiles at a number of individual locations in the steamed bread during its steaming. All the comparisons between the model-predicted values and the experimental results produced root mean square error values ranged from 1.391 to 3.545 and R
2 values of all greater than 0.93. Therefore, it is confirmed that the model has a good performance and can be used to predict temperature profiles in the bread during steaming.
Hypolipidaemic and haematological evaluation of the hydromethanolic extract of Ficus glumosa stem bark in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Onoja Samuel O. , Omeh Yusuf N. , Ezeja Maxwell I. , Chukwu Vincent N. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidaemia and haematological disorders which lead to cardiovascular complications and anaemia respectively. In this study, hydromethanolic extract of Ficus glumosa was evaluated for its hypolipidaemic and haematological effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Treatment was done orally using 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg of F. glumosa extract (FGE) with glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) as standard reference drug for 21 days. At the end of the treatment, blood collected through direct heart puncture was used for evaluation of serum lipid profile and determination of haematological parameters. Organosomatic index evaluation of the liver, spleen and kidney was also done using standard procedures.

Results: All doses of the extract and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) caused dose-dependent and significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of the treated rats when compared with the control group. The extract and glibenclamide produced significant (p<0.05) increase in the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the treated rats. The extract (62.5 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in the treated rats when compared to the negative control group. However, FGE (62.5 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) produced a significant (p<0.05) decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) value of the treated rats. FGE (125 and 250 mg/kg) produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in the organosomatic index of kidney in treated rats.

Conclusions: The results suggest that F. glumosa may be of help in diabetes-induced anaemia and dyslipidaemia associated with diabetes mellitus.
A short note on the notion of register in Latin: on the interplay between register, diastratic variety, and communicative intention
Authors: Cuzzolin Pierluigi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn the present paper the notion of register is discussed in some detail. The claim that the register is determined by the intersection of what is actually taking place, who is taking part, and what part the language is playing shows some shortcomings. A new, slightly different definition of register is proposed, where also the notion of communicative intention plays a crucial role. The new definition of register will be illustrated in the present paper with examples concerning the use of the Greek language, the use of colloquial speech, and the use of archaisms in Latin.
Guidelines for checking performance and verifying accuracy of rotational rheometers: viscosity measurements in steady and oscillatory shear (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Laun Martin , Auhl Dietmar , Brummer Rüdiger , Dijkstra Dirk J. , Gabriel Claus , Mangnus Marc A. , Rüllmann Maximilian , Zoetelief Wim , Handge Ulrich A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe paper addresses techniques for checking the performance of rotational rheometers with cone–plate, plate–plate, or concentric cylinder geometry. We focus on the determination of the viscosity as a function of the shear rate and of the magnitude of the complex viscosity as a function of the angular frequency. After summarizing the relevant definitions and test modes, we show examples of measurements in the linear viscoelastic range, and applications of the Cox–Merz relationship. Sources of reference fluids with defined viscosities are presented, and their use in tests for verification of accuracy is demonstrated. Relevant issues, predominantly for Newtonian reference liquids, are the exploration of measurement limits, related either to the shear rate range or to reliably accessible viscosity levels. Viscoelastic reference samples are also discussed. Prerequisites for sample preparation and loading are addressed. In particular, we present recommendations based on experience from various laboratories. Finally, we discuss the problem of temperature calibration, presenting techniques that allow the determination of the true sample temperature for a given set temperature of the rheometer. This paper summarizes contributions from various industrial and academic laboratories.
Enhanced bioactivity of transform growth factor-β1 from sulfated chitosan microspheres for in vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Feifei , Ma Lie , Li Bo , Gao Changyou 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Transform growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is an extremely powerful protein to induce the chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) both in vitro and in vivo. However, due to the short-life of TGF-β1, the direct application of TGF-β1 may deteriorate its bioactivity and thereby the repair effect. In this study, uniform sulfated chitosan microspheres (SCMs) with a mean diameter of ∼ 2 μm were fabricated by membrane emulsification as a carrier for TGF-β1. The in vitro release study showed that TGF-β1 could be sustainedly released from the microspheres up to 16 days. Under the protection of SCMs, about 13 % TGF-β1 was preserved even after stored for 14 days. The microspheres cytotoxicity was evaluated by coculture of MSCs with different concentrations SCMs and no obvious deterioration of cell viability was observed when the concentration of SCMs is lower than 2 μg/1.0 × 104 cells. In comparison with the blank group, the addition of TGF-β1 either in free state or loaded in SCMs inhibited the proliferation trend of MSCs. Quantitative analysis of GAGs production and genes expression of COL II and aggrecan by qRT-PCR revealed that enhanced bioactivity of TGF-β1 was obtained in the group of TGF-β1/SCMs, indicating that SCMs could be functioned as a promising carrier of TGF-β1 for the in vitro chondrogenesis of MSCs.
Film Impact Performance and Adhesion Study in Multilayered Systems
Authors: Reynaud Sara , Fang Jun , Fang Liang , Crocker Evan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this work we present a non-conventional approach to evaluate impact performance of polymeric films under a wide range of strain conditions by using a high-throughput mechanical testing (HTMECH) technique. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how HTMECH can be employed to assess property–performance relationships in freestanding polymeric films and multilayered systems which are not possible to measure by following standard methodologies. Two main studies will be discussed: (1) toughness of freestanding thin films under high strain conditions, and (2) layer to layer adhesion in multilayer systems. In each case, mechanical properties such as critical strength and absorbed deformation energy were found to be correlated to different failure mechanisms and to thermal mechanical behavior of polymeric films.