bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Adsorption Properties of Werner-type Cu(II) Complex [Cu(CF3SO3)2(4-methylpyridine)4]
Authors: Noro Shin-ichiro , Fukuhara Katsuo , Kubo Kazuya , Nakamura Takayoshi 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
A Werner-type Cu(II) complex, α-[Cu(CF3SO3)2(4-mepy)4] (α-PAC-1-CF3SO3, PAC: porous assembly of coordination complex and 4-mepy: 4-methylpyridine), was synthesized, crystallographically characterized, and its adsorption properties were compared with those of the derivative α-[Cu(PF6)2(4-mepy)4] (α-PAC-1-PF6).
Investigation of Influences of Surfactants and Chelating Agent on Formation and Crystallinity of Manganese Oxide Particles Prepared by Precipitation Method
Authors: Park Jun-Hwan , Kwon Boseong , Oh Seong-Geun 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Mn2O3 particles with enhanced crystallinity were synthesized via a precipitation process in aqueous solution. To study the effects of organic additives on the formation and crystallinity of Mn2O3, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tert-butanol (t-butanol) were used as a surfactant and cosurfactant, respectively. In addition, ammonium oxalate monohydrate (AOM) was employed as a chelating agent to control the activity of Mn2+ and the precipitation of particles. The magnetization of the products prepared by using more additives was improved owing to the increased crystallinity.
Addition-versus-Oxygenative Cleavage: Two Contradictory Reactivities in the Reaction of N-Benzyl-4-pentenylamine Catalyzed by Colloidal Nanogold under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Kitahara Hiroaki , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Gold nanoclusters stabilized by a hydrophilic polymer, poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), (Au:PVP) catalyze two contradictory types of the reaction from N-benzyl secondary amines with unactivated alkenes in EtOH under basic conditions. One is an intramolecular addition reaction that also starts from N-sulfonylamine or primary amine as previously reported. The other involves the oxygenative cleavage of alkene, giving the corresponding γ-lactam compound.
Synthesis of Magnetic Core–Mesoporous Silica Shell Nanoparticles Using Anionic Surfactant and Their Application for Ketoprofen Control Release
Authors: El-Toni Ahmed Mohamed , Khan Aslam , Labis Joselito Puzon , Ibrahim Mohamed Abbas , Al-hoshan Mansour 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Mesoporous silica shell was formed onto supermagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles to produce magnetic core–mesoporous shell silica spheres (MCMSS) by using anionic surfactant for the first time in two-pot synthesis route. Costructure directing agent (CSDA) has assisted the electrostatic interaction between the partially negatively charged silica particles and the negatively charged surfactant through S−N+I− pathway. Impact of synthesis parameters on shell thickness, BET surface area, pore volume, and pore ordering was studied. The particles synthesized in this work have a uniformly coated thin mesoporous shell and showed a slow drug release rate that extend over 12 h which represent promising performance in drug controlled release application.
COLD-PCR and Innovative Microarray Substrates for Detecting and Genotyping MPL Exon 10 W515 Substitutions
Authors: Brisci Angela , Damin Francesco , Pietra Daniela , Galbiati Silvia , Boggi Sabrina , Casetti Ilaria , Rumi Elisa , Chiari Marcella , Cazzola Mario , Ferrari Maurizio , Cremonesi Laura 
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Somatic mutations in exon 10 of the MPL (myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene) gene, mainly substitutions encoding W515 variants, have recently been described in a minority of patients with ET or PMF. We optimized analytically sensitive methods for detecting and genotyping MPL variants.

METHODS
We used DNA previously isolated from circulating granulocytes of 60 patients with MPN that had previously been analyzed by high-resolution melting (HRM), direct sequencing, and the TaqMan allelic-discrimination assay. We developed conditions for enriching tumor mutant alleles with COLD-PCR (coamplification at lower denaturation temperature PCR) and coupled it with direct sequencing. Assays were designed for identifying MPL W515 substitutions with full COLD-PCR protocols. In parallel, we used innovative microarray substrates to develop assays for evaluating the mutant burden in granulocyte cells.

RESULTS
Mutations that were present at very low levels in patients who had previously been scored as having an MPL variant by HRM and as wild type by direct sequencing were successfully identified in granulocyte DNA. Notably, the microarray approach displayed analytical sensitivities of 0.1% to 5% mutant allele, depending on the particular mutation. This analytical sensitivity is similar to that obtained with COLD-PCR. The assay requires no enrichment strategy and allows both the characterization of each variant allele and the evaluation of its proportion in every patient.

CONCLUSIONS
These procedures, which are transferable to clinical diagnostic laboratories, can be used for detecting very low proportions of minority mutant alleles that cannot be identified by other, conventional methods.
Enhancement of STT-RAM Characteristics by Wet Clean Treatment after MTJ Etch Process
Authors: Kim Jung Nam , Ryu Choon Kun , Suh Hong Ju , Jung Bo Kyung , Lee Soon Ju , Shin Chang Hyup , Choi Won Joon , Roh Jae Sung , Park Sung Ki 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe effect of wet chemical treatment on the magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) was examined. The tunneling magneto-resistance (TMR) increased and the resistance of anti-parallel state and parallel state decreased when a wet cleaning treatment was carried out after a reactive ion etching process. Furthermore, the exfoliation between the capping layer and Inter layer Dielectric (ILD) was prevented. Presumably, these were due to the elimination of the damaged layer and the residues. This investigation showed that the wet treatment after the MTJ patterning using RIE process could improve the MTJ properties without degradation of Hc, such as TMR and Rlow.
Non-Local Hall Resistance in FePt / Au Multi-Terminal Devices
Authors: Takanashi Koki , Shibata Shun , Sugai Isamu , Seki Takeshi 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIn order to understand the electric current distribution in a non-local geometry, the geometrical dependence of non-local Hall resistance was investigated for lateral devices consisting of an FePt perpendicular spin polarizer and a Au Hall cross. The finite element simulation was also carried out to calculate the electric potential in the devices. The experiment and the simulation indicated that non-local Hall resistance included the contribution of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in the FePt perpendicular spin polarizer. The resistance change due to AHE in FePt became remarkable for devices with a wide electrode. Taking into account the contribution of AHE, the spin Hall angle was estimated to be 0.05 for the device with a narrow Au electrode.
Nanoindentation probing of high-aspect ratio pillar structures on optical multilayer dielectric diffraction gratings
Authors: Mehrotra K. , Howard H.P. , Jacobs S.D. , Lambropoulos J.C. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTWe measure the mechanical response of optical multilayer dielectric (MLD) diffraction gratings, geometries which are constrained in only one transverse direction but free in the other, using nanoindentation. The results are explained using a stress-strain model, which reveals a uniaxial yield stress of 4.1- 4.6 GPa and predicts a similar dependence of yield stress on loads for both fully-elastic and fully-plastic solutions. Following R. Hill’s model of an expanding cavity under internal pressure, we show that the indentation response of the high-aspect ratio “pillar” geometry can be expressed in terms of uniaxial yield stress rather than material hardness.
Cerium Doped Bismuth Antimony
Authors: Lukas Kevin C. , Zhao Huaizhou , Stillwell Ryan L. , Ren Zhifeng , Opeil Cyril P. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTBismuth-Antimony alloys have been shown to have high ZT values below room temperature, especially for single crystals. For polycrystalline samples, impurity doping and magnetic field have proven to be powerful tools in the search for understanding and improving thermoelectric performance. Nanopolycrystalline Bi0.88Sb0.12 doped with 0.05, 0.5 and 3 % Ce were prepared by ball milling and dc hot pressing techniques. Electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, carrier concentration, mobility, and magnetization are measured in a temperature range of 5-350 K and in magnetic fields up to 9 Tesla. The effects of Ce doping on the thermoelectric properties of Bi0.88Sb0.12 in zero magnetic field are discussed.
Ultrafast-laser Modification of Thermoelectric Sb2Te3 Thin Films
Authors: Li Yuwei , Stoica Vladimir A. , Endicott Lynn , Wang Guoyu , Sun Huarui , Pipe Kevin P. , Uher Ctirad , Clarke Roy 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTWe have modified Sb2Te3 thin film thermoelectric materials by scanning a femtosecond laser across the film surface to create track-like nanostructures. These nanotracks have widths of 50-80 nm and a periodicity of ∼ 130 nm. We show that the nanotrack morphology is highly dependent on laser fluence and scan speed. Moreover, we performed transient thermoreflectance measurements on a laser-irradiated film and found a thermal conductivity reduction of 4.5% in the nanostructured regions compared to that of the unmodified regions. These results suggest the potential use of femtosecond pulsed lasers to create nanostructured thermoelectric materials with improved performance.
Accurate Current Integration for Heavy Ion Rutherford Backscattering at University of North Texas
Authors: Deoli Naresh T. , Weathers Duncan L. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTAn experimental set up has been designed to suppress electron currents generated during energetic ion irradiation to obtain accurate current integration for Heavy Ion Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (HIRBS) measurements of heavy element concentrations and target depth profiles. A combination of an electron trap to suppress any electrons ejected from beam collimators and slits, and a biased aluminum mesh to suppress any secondary electrons ejected from the target was used. Two samples that produce cleanly interpreted spectra have been used as targets to check the accuracy of the system for 3.0 and 4.5 MeV O+2 projectile ions. Details of the experimental set up and data are presented.
Magnetotransport properties of Co-C granular thin films depending on the carbon sputtering power
Authors: Kang J.G , Mizuguchi M. , Takanashi K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCoxC1-x granular films were deposited on Si substrates by a co-sputtering method. A large negative MR of 30.3% was obtained at 2 K for the sample prepared with the sputtering power of 50 W (C) and 4 W (Co). We have studied structural properties of Co-C granular films by Raman spectroscopy. Two peaks (D and G modes) from carbon bonds were clearly observed, and the intensity ratio of two peaks changed with the sputtering power, suggesting that the graphitization was promoted with the sputtering power. It was also revealed that the transport mechanism changed from tunneling to Mott’s variable range hopping and MR decreased with the sputtering power.
Developing a Web-Based HIV Behavioral Surveillance Pilot Project Among Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Sanchez Travis , Smith Amanda , Denson Damian , DiNenno Elizabeth , Lansky Amy 
Published: October 2012

Background:
A web-based HIV behavioral surveillance system (WHBS) has potential to collect behavioral data from men who have sex with men (MSM) not reached through traditional sampling methods. Six U.S. cities conducted a WHBS pilot in 2005-2007 to determine the feasibility to conduct a behavioral surveillance project entirely on the internet.

Methods:
Three sampling methods of adult MSM on the internet were explored: direct marketing (DM) using banner advertisements; respondent-driven sampling (RDS) using peer recruitment; and venue-based sampling (VBS) using internet venues.

Results:
A total of 8,434 complete MSM surveys were obtained: 8,109 through DM, 130 through RDS, and 195 through VBS. By methods, enrollment rates ranged from 70-90%; completion rates ranged from 67-95%. DM obtained the largest proportions of racial/ethnic minority MSM (36%) and MSM 18-20 years (19%).

Conclusions:
Only the DM method achieved a substantial number of complete MSM surveys. Successful implementation of an internet-based systematic sampling method may be problematic, but a convenience sample of MSM using banner advertisements is feasible and may produce useful and timely behavioral information from a large number of MSM.
Expression of CCR5, CXCR4 and DC-SIGN in Cervix of HIV-1 Heterosexually Infected Mexican Women
Authors: Rivera-Morales Lydia Guadalupe , Lopez-Guillen Paulo , Vazquez-Guillen Jose Manuel , Palacios-Saucedo Gerardo C , Rosas-Taraco Adrian G , Ramirez-Pineda Antonio , Amaya-Garcia Patricia Irene , Rodriguez-Padilla Cristina 
Published: October 2012

Background:A number of studies have demonstrated that receptor and co-receptor expression levels which may affect viral entry, promoting cervical HIV infection. The aim was to evaluate the expression levels of CCR5, CXCR4and DC-SIGN mRNA in a sample of heterosexually HIV infected Mexican women.Methods:We enrolled twenty-six HIV heterosexual infected women attending a local infectious diseases medical unit.RNA was isolated from the cervix and gene expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR.Results:Expression rates for mRNA of CCR5 (median 1.82; range 0.003–2934) were higher than those observed for CXCR4 (0.79; 0.0061–3312) and DC-SIGN (0.33; 0.006–532) receptors (p < 0.05). A high correlation was found between the mRNA expression levels of these three receptors (rs = 0.52 to 0.85, p < 0.01).Conclusion:Levels of expression of the tested chemokine receptors in the cervix are different from each other and alsovary from woman to woman, and seem to support the suggestion that chemokine receptor expression in genital tissues may be playing a role in the HIV transmission.
Financial Statement Disaggregation Decisions and Auditors' Tolerance for Misstatement
Authors: Libby Robert , Brown Timothy 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
Current IFRS requires significant disaggregation of income statement numbers while such disaggregation is voluntary and much less common under U.S. GAAP. We examine whether voluntary disaggregation of income statement numbers increases the reliability of income statement subtotals because auditors permit less misstatement in the disaggregated numbers. In our experiment, experienced auditors require correction of smaller errors in disaggregated numbers. Auditors also believe that greater disaggregation will increase SEC scrutiny of uncorrected financial statement errors in the disaggregated numbers. However, the effects are substantially reduced if the disaggregated numbers are presented in the notes. Furthermore, there is significant disagreement among participants on whether disaggregated numbers are relevant materiality benchmarks, and on what current auditing guidance requires. These results suggest a potential deficiency in current audit guidance, which traditionally has been aimed at promoting consensus in practice among auditors. The results also suggest an unintended positive consequence of voluntary disaggregation for the reliability of income statement subtotals. Possible effects of management behavior and required disaggregation resulting from U.S. adoption of IFRS or the recommendations of the joint FASB/IASB financial statement presentation project are also discussed.
Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.
The Internal Audit Function in Information Technology Governance: A Holistic Perspective
Authors: Héroux Sylvie , Fortin Anne 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
The internal audit function's (IAF) role has evolved from traditional (accounting and financial control) to more strategic (governance). The business environment has changed as well, and nowadays relies considerably on information technology (IT). Only a few studies have investigated IT governance from a holistic perspective. Further, no study has closely examined IAF involvement in IT governance as a whole. This study uses a holistic approach to describe IAF involvement in IT governance and to explore the influence of IAF characteristics on this involvement. Survey results indicate that IAF involvement in IT governance structures, processes, and relational capabilities has not fully expanded. Also, IAF resources and IT audit experience, IT personnel and IT training/certification, and interaction between the IAF and board of directors committees influence IAF involvement in overall IT governance. These IAF characteristics influence each dimension of IAF involvement in IT governance differently. The overall results should be useful to internal auditors, senior executives, and board members seeking to enhance, assess, or make changes to their organization's IT governance.
“Eroding Social Capital through incompatible Legal and Institutional Regime: Experiences from Irrigation Systems in Nepal” by Dr. Prachanda Pradhan
Authors: Pradhan Ujjwal 
Published: October 2012

Farmer Managed Irrigation System Promotion Trust, Kathmandu, Nepal: 1st Edition 2010; 89 pp.; NRs 200DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v8i0.4931 Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 8, 2011 January Page: 72-74 Uploaded date: 23 June, 2011
Subdural interhemispheric grid electrodes for intracranial epilepsy monitoring: feasibility, safety, and utility
Authors: Bekelis Kimon , Radwan Tarek A. , Desai Atman , Moses Ziev B. , Thadani Vijay M. , Jobst Barbara C. , Bujarski Krzysztof A. , Darcey Terrance M. , Roberts David W. 
Published: October 2012

Object
Intracranial monitoring for epilepsy has been proven to enhance diagnostic accuracy and provide localizing information for surgical treatment of intractable seizures. The authors investigated their experience with interhemispheric grid electrodes (IHGEs) to assess the hypothesis that they are feasible, safe, and useful.

Methods
Between 1992 and 2010, 50 patients underwent IHGE implantation (curvilinear double-sided 2 × 8 or 3 × 8 grids) as part of arrays for invasive seizure monitoring, and their charts were retrospectively reviewed.

Results
Of the 50 patients who underwent intracranial investigation with IHGEs, 38 eventually underwent resection of the seizure focus. These 38 patients had a mean age of 30.7 years (range 11–58 years), and 63% were males. Complications as a result of IHGE implantation consisted of transient leg weakness in 1 patient. Of all the patients who underwent resective surgery, 21 (55.3%) had medial frontal resections, 9 of whom (43%) had normal MRI results. Localization in all of these cases was possible only because of data from IHGEs, and the extent of resection was tailored based on these data. Of the 17 patients (44.7%) who underwent other cortical resections, IHGEs were helpful in excluding medial seizure onset. Twelve patients did not undergo resection because of nonlocalizable or multifocal disease; in 2 patients localization to the motor cortex precluded resection. Seventy-one percent of patients who underwent resection had Engel Class I outcome at the 2-year follow-up.

Conclusions
The use of IHGEs in intracranial epilepsy monitoring has a favorable risk profile and in the authors' experience proved to be a valuable component of intracranial investigation, providing the sole evidence for resection of some epileptogenic foci.
Risk of hemorrhage from de novo cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Kemp William J. , Fulkerson Daniel H. , Payner Troy D. , Leipzig Thomas J. , Horner Terry G. , Palmer Erin L. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: October 2012

Object
A small percentage of patients will develop a completely new or de novo aneurysm after discovery of an initial aneurysm. The natural history of these lesions is unknown. The authors undertook this statistical evaluation a large cohort of patients with both ruptured and unruptured de novo aneurysms with the aim of analyzing risk factors for rupture and estimating a risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods
A review of a prospectively maintained database of all aneurysm patients treated by the vascular neurosurgery service of Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine from 1976–2010 was performed. Of the 4718 patients, 611 (13%) had long-term follow-up imaging. The authors identified 27 patients (4.4%) with a total of 32 unruptured de novo aneurysms from routine surveillance imaging. They identified another 10 patients who presented with a new SAH from a de novo aneurysm after treatment of their original aneurysm. The total study group was thus 37 patients with a total of 42 de novo aneurysms. The authors then compared the 27 patients with incidentally discovered aneurysms with the 10 patients with SAH. A statistical analysis was performed, comparing the 2 groups with respect to patient and aneurysm characteristics and risk factors.

Results
Thirty-seven patients were identified as having true de novo aneurysms. This group had a female predominance and a high percentage of smokers. These 37 patients had a total of 42 de novo aneurysms. Ten of these 42 aneurysms hemorrhaged. De novo aneurysms in both the SAH and non-SAH group were anatomically small (< 10 mm). The estimated risk of hemorrhage over 5 years was 14.5%, higher than the expected SAH risk of small, unruptured aneurysms reported in the ISUIA (International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms) trial. There was no statistically significant correlation between hemorrhage and any of the following risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, tobacco and alcohol use, polycystic kidney disease, or previous SAH. There was a statistically significant between-groups difference with respect to patient age, with the mean patient age being significantly older in the SAH aneurysm group than in the non-SAH group (p = 0.047). This is likely reflective of longer follow-up and discovery time, as the mean length of time between initial treatment and discovery of the de novo aneurysm was longer in the SAH group (p = 0.011).

Conclusions
While rare, de novo aneurysms may have a risk for SAH that is comparatively higher than the risk associated with similarly sized, small, initially discovered unruptured saccular aneurysms. The authors therefore recommend long-term follow-up for all patients with aneurysms, and they consider a more aggressive treatment strategy for de novo aneurysms than for incidentally discovered initial aneurysms.