bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of economic policy uncertainty in the US entrepreneurship-unemployment nexus
Authors: Payne James E 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on the entrepreneurship-unemployment nexus to include the role of economic policy uncertainty in the causal dynamics.Design/methodology/approach– The study utilizes the Toda-Yamamoto causality tests of a vector autoregressive (VAR) model to infer the causal dynamics between the self-employment rate (SER), the unemployment rate (UR), industrial production (IP), and the economic policy uncertainty index (EPUI) in the case of the USA. In addition to the examination of the causal dynamics, generalize impulse response analysis is undertaken to examine the role of unexpected shocks to the current and future behavior of the variables specified in the VAR model.Findings– The results reveal unidirectional causality from the SER, IP, and the EPUI to the UR. An increase in the SER and IP lowers the UR while an increase in the EPUI raises the UR. The findings also show unidirectional causality from the EPUI to IP in which an increase in the EPUI reduces IP.Research limitations/implications– Due to data availability for higher frequency monthly data, the self-employment data limits the analysis to 2000:1 to 2014:11.Practical implications– The results reiterate the importance of minimizing economic policy uncertainty as a means to facilitate effective planning by entrepreneurs and economic agents. Moreover, policies designed to encourage entrepreneurship (self-employment) aids in the reduction of unemployment.Social implications– Policies designed to encourage entrepreneurship also facilitate the reduction in the UR. Also, greater policy transparency and stability has a positive impact on entrepreneurial activities.Originality/value– This is the first study to incorporate the role of economic policy uncertainty in the examination of the causal dynamics between entrepreneurship and unemployment.
The impact of relational bonding on intention and loyalty
Authors: Chai Joe Choon Yean , Malhotra Naresh K , Dash Satyabhusan 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of relational bonding on intention and loyalty and the mediating role of commitment foci in the service context.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study used a cross-sectional and quantitative mail survey approach. Bank customers in New Zealand were surveyed, and multiple analytical techniques were used to measure the relationships between consumer bonding, commitment foci and loyalty behavioral intentions and the mediating role of commitment foci in service relationships.

Findings
– The results confirm that commitment foci or targets of commitment are important mediators in the relationships between bonding and loyalty-related behavioral intentions. The findings provide new theoretical knowledge about the mediating effect of the commitment foci in service relationships and significantly enhance knowledge about consumers’ intention and loyalty.

Practical implications
– The research provides several noteworthy insights into the role of social and structural bonding in consumers’ commitment and loyalty in the service context, as well as provides an important implication for segmentation.

Originality/value
– The study contributes to the service research on consumers’ intention and loyalty behavior toward the commitment foci. Introducing the role of commitment foci as a mediating mechanism within the context of a service encounter is new in the services marketing literature. This study provides a better understanding of consumers’ perceptions of and behaviors toward the commitment foci, as well as their intention and loyalty.
Online information retrieval behaviour and economics of attention
Authors: Özmen Mustafa Utku 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyse users’ attitudes towards online information retrieval and processing. The aim is to identify the characteristics of information that better capture the attention of the users and to provide evidence for the information retrieval behaviour of the users by studying online photo archives as information units.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper analyses a unique quasi-experimental data of photo archive access counts collected by the author from an online newspaper. In addition to access counts of each photo in 500 randomly chosen photo galleries, characteristics of the photo galleries are also recorded. Survival (duration) analysis is used in order to analyse the factors affecting the share of the photo gallery viewed by a certain proportion of the initial number of viewers.

Findings
– The results of the survival analysis indicate that users are impatient in case of longer photo galleries; they lose attention faster and stop viewing earlier when gallery length is uncertain; they are attracted by keywords and initial presentation and they give more credit to specific rather than general information categories.

Practical implications
– Results of the study offer applicable implications for information providers, especially on the online domain. In order to attract more attention, entities can engage in targeted information provision by taking into account people’s attitude towards information retrieval and processing as presented in this paper.

Originality/value
– This paper uses a unique data set in a quasi-experimental setting in order to identify the characteristics of online information that users are attracted to.
Adoption of mobile social networking sites for learning?
Authors: Wong Choy-Har , Tan Garry Wei-Han , Loke Siew-Phaik , Ooi Keng-Boon 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that influence users’ behavioral intention (BI) to adopt mobile social networking sites (mSNS) in facilitating formal/informal learning. Specifically, the study also investigates the association of mobility, reachability and convenience with performance expectancy (PE) and effort expectancy (EE).

Design/methodology/approach
– Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was applied to test on 266 valid responses.

Findings
– The findings indicated that learning compatibility (LC), PE, EE and copyright clearance (CC) has a significant effect on BI. The results also revealed that EE is influenced by mobility, reachability and convenience. PE however was found to be influenced by convenience.

Practical implications
– The results of this study provides valuable insights and references for practitioners and mobile network providers in developing mSNS in facilitating learning.

Originality/value
– While mSNS have the potential to become a new research area with numerous benefits for the learning community, there is little research on the adoption factors on mSNS in facilitating learning. This study therefore attempts to close the research gap by contributing to the mobile literatures.
Clinical features and outcomes of Sweet's syndrome associated with non‐tuberculous mycobacterial infection and other associated diseases
Authors: Chaowattanapanit Suteeraporn , Choonhakarn Charoen , Chetchotisakd Ploenchan , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak , Julanon Narachai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSweet's syndrome (SS) is associated with various diseases including non‐tuberculous mycobacterial infection (NTM). Recent reports have shown thatSSassociated withNTMis increasing. Clinical features ofSSassociated withNTMmay be different fromSSassociated with other associated diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare clinical parameters and treatment outcomes ofSSassociated withNTMand other associated diseases. Patients from January 2004 to April 2014 diagnosed withSSwere retrospectively enrolled. Clinical variables were compared betweenSSpatients with and withoutNTMinfection. There were 51SSpatients during the study period; 36 patients (70.59%) hadNTM. Clinical variables between theNTMand other associated diseases were comparable: age, sex, and pattern and locations of skin lesions. Five laboratory factors were significantly different between the groups including white blood cell counts (NTM25 800 vs 12 850 cells/mm3), lymphocyte percentages (13.0% vs 18.7%), monocytes (3.0% vs 7.2%), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (11.7 vs 8.1 mg/dL) and serum creatinine (Cr) (1.0 vs 0.7 mg/dL). The presence of markedly high white blood cell counts, a low percentage of mononuclear cells and highBUN/Cr levels inSSmay be a clinical clue to recognize the association withNTMinfections; particularly in dissemination.
The Pegida Movement and German Political Culture: Is Right‐Wing Populism Here to Stay?
Authors: Dostal Jörg Michael 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article outlines the rise and fall of the ‘Patriotic Europeans against the Islamisation of the West’ (Pegida), a right‐wing populist street movement that originated in the city of Dresden in October 2014 and peaked in January 2015. The Pegida movement combined fear of ‘Islamisation’ with general criticism of Germany's political class and the mainstream media. This ambivalent and largely undefined political profile proved its strength in mobilising a significant minority of right‐wing citizens in the local context of Dresden and the federal state of Saxony, but generally failed to spill over to other parts of Germany. The social profile of the Pegida movement, which included ‘ordinary citizens’ with centre‐right to far‐right attitudes, points to significant overlap between general disenchantment of the political centre ground in Germany with the political system, as outlined in recent sociological research, and the ability of a largely leaderless populism to mobilise in the streets.
Geographic Connections: Language, Power Relations, and Relevance
Authors: MCMANUS PHIL 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe interrogation of language is crucial in all sub‐fields of geography and in related disciplines. This paper interrogates the terms nature, environment, sustainability, and resilience, given their importance in connecting geography with other academic pursuits and with people and organisations that make our discipline relevant. The paper explores how geography may be seen as ‘relevant’ while maintaining a constructively critical approach. It does so through the example of Sydney's metropolitan strategy/plan that was released in December 2014. The concept of resilience as defined and used in this new metropolitan plan fails to address transboundary issues such as climate change, raising concerns about sustainability. As such it serves the needs of political interests aligned with a growth agenda. This is one example highlighting that a challenge for many geographers is to maintain critical thinking while being relevant. It is an important challenge that geographers should relish.
Utilization of the Bombyx mori heat shock protein 70 promoter for screening transgenic silkworms
Authors: Kim Seong‐Wan , Yun Eun‐Young , Choi Kwang‐Ho , Kim Seong‐Ryul , Kang Seok‐Woo , Park Seung‐Won , Goo Tae‐Won 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSilkworm transgenesis is now a routine method leading to a satisfactory yield of transformed animals and the reliable expression of transgenes during multiple successive generations. However, the screening of G1 transgenic individuals from numerous progeny has proved to be difficult and time‐consuming work. Previously, we characterized the promoter of heat shock protein 70 from Bombyx mori (bHsp70), which is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and developmental stages. To investigate the utilization of the bHsp70 promoter to screen transgenic individuals, the EGFP marker gene was inserted into the piggyBac vector under the control of the bHsp70 promoter. Mixtures of the donor and helper vectors were micro‐injected into 3060 eggs of bivoltine silkworms (Keomokjam). EGFP fluorescence was observed in 17 broods of transgenic silkworms under a florescence stereomicroscope. Interestingly, this fluorescent marker protein was detected, not only in parts of the embryo segments on the seventh day of the G1 embryonic developmental stage, but also in a part of the body of G1 hatched larvae, in the middle silk gland of G1 fifth instar larvae, and in the wings of seven‐day‐old G1 pupae and G1 moths. Therefore, we suggest that the bHsp70 promoter can be used for the rapid and simple screening of transgenic silkworms.
Recombinant DNA production of spider silk proteins
Authors: Tokareva Olena , Michalczechen‐Lacerda Valquíria A. , Rech Elíbio L. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSpider dragline silk is considered to be the toughest biopolymer on Earth due to an extraordinary combination of strength and elasticity. Moreover, silks are biocompatible and biodegradable protein‐based materials. Recent advances in genetic engineering make it possible to produce recombinant silks in heterologous hosts, opening up opportunities for large‐scale production of recombinant silks for various biomedical and material science applications. We review the current strategies to produce recombinant spider silks.
Genes are information, so information theory is coming to the aid of evolutionary biology
Authors: Sherwin William B. 
Published: October 2015

Speciation is central to evolutionary biology, and to elucidate it, we need to catch the early genetic changes that set nascent taxa on their path to species status (Via ). That challenge is difficult, of course, for two chief reasons: (i) serendipity is required to catch speciation in the act; and (ii) after a short time span with lingering gene flow, differentiation may be low and/or embodied only in rare alleles that are difficult to sample. In this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Smouse et al. () have noted that optimal assessment of differentiation within and between nascent species should be robust to these challenges, and they identified a measure based on Shannon's information theory that has many advantages for this and numerous other tasks. The Shannon measure exhibits complete additivity of information at different levels of subdivision. Of all the family of diversity measures (‘0’ or allele counts, ‘1’ or Shannon, ‘2’ or heterozygosity, FST and related metrics) Shannon's measure comes closest to weighting alleles by their frequencies. For the Shannon measure, rare alleles that represent early signals of nascent speciation are neither down‐weighted to the point of irrelevance, as for level 2 measures, nor up‐weighted to overpowering importance, as for level 0 measures (Chao et al. , ). Shannon measures have a long history in population genetics, dating back to Shannon's PhD thesis in 1940 (Crow ), but have received only sporadic attention, until a resurgence of interest in the last ten years, as reviewed briefly by Smouse et al. ().
Male hormonal contraception: looking back and moving forward
Authors: Roth M. Y. , Page S. T. , Bremner W. J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryDespite numerous contraceptive options available to women, approximately half of all pregnancies in the United States and worldwide are unplanned. Women and men support the development of reversible male contraception strategies, but none have been brought to market. Herein we review the physiologic basis for male hormonal contraception, the history of male hormonal contraception development, currents agents in development as well as the potential risks and benefits of male hormonal contraception for men.
Do baseline estrogen and testosterone affect lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) prior to or after pharmacologic treatment with tadalafil?
Authors: Egan K. B. , Miner M. M. , Suh M. , McVary K. , Ni X. , Roehrborn C. G. , Wittert G. , Wong D. G. , Rosen R. C. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryLittle is known about how total testosterone and estradiol‐17β influence lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). We analyzed data from a subset of men aged ≥18 years randomized to tadalafil 5 mg once‐daily or placebo who had ≥6 month history of LUTS and an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)≥13 enrolled in one of three randomized, placebo‐controlled tadalafil clinical trials (N = 958). Three specific aims were addressed, as follows: (i) To characterize enrolled men by treatment randomization and testosterone level; (ii) to assess cross‐sectional associations of estradiol‐17β, testosterone, and LUTS prior to treatment with tadalafil; and, (iii) to assess longitudinal associations between baseline estradiol‐17β and testosterone and improvements or worsening of LUTS during a 12‐week period of tadalafil or placebo administration. LUTS were assessed by total IPSS, IPSS voiding sub‐score (IPSS‐V) and IPSS storage sub‐score (IPSS‐S) for cross‐sectional analyses, and change in total IPSS (ΔIPSS), ΔIPSS‐V, and ΔIPSS‐S between baseline and 12‐week visit for longitudinal analyses. Correlation analyses and linear regression examined associations. Baseline testosterone was not significantly associated with IPSS. In contrast, estradiol‐17β was inversely correlated with IPSS (r = −0.08; p < 0.05) and IPSS‐S (r = −0.14; p < 0.05). Tadalafil treatment resulted in greater IPSS improvements in men with lower baseline estradiol‐17β versus those with higher baseline estradiol‐17β. Lower baseline estradiol‐17β was significantly associated with modestly improved ΔIPSS‐V (p = 0.04) and Δtotal IPSS (p = 0.05) but not with ΔIPSS‐S, following treatment which may substantiate the role of bladder dysfunction because of nerve and smooth muscle changes in the bladder in addition to benign prostatic enlargement in LUTS. Circulating baseline testosterone did not predict ΔIPSS. Men with lower baseline estradiol‐17β levels showed greater responsiveness to tadalafil 5 mg treatment than those with higher baseline estradiol‐17β levels when responsiveness was measured using total IPSS and IPSS‐V.
Guy de Chauliac: pre‐eminent surgeon of the Middle Ages
Authors: Watters David A. K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGuy de Chauliac (c1300–1368) trained in Toulouse and the University of Montpellier from where he achieved the highest possible degree of Master of medicine. He undertook fellowships in Bologna (anatomical dissection) and Paris (surgery) and was qualified as a physician not a Barber Surgeon. He took Holy Orders and was appointed as physician to three Avignon‐based Popes. He survived an epidemic of the Black Death (1348–1350), suffering an axillary bubo. His book Chirugia Magna was written in medieval Latin in 1363, then circulated in manuscript form before its first printing in 1478. There were 70 editions as it became the most influential surgical text for over 200 years, particularly in France, spanning the period from the late 14th century until Paré (1510–1590). He divided surgery into swellings, wounds, ulcers, fractures and dislocations, and special diseases. Well researched and referenced, based on evidence and experience, he succeeded in incorporating antiquarian and contemporary thinking from French, Arabian, Italian (Bologna), Egyptian and Greek scholars about anatomy, surgical disease and treatment. He was a strong advocate for evaluating outcomes, knowing when not to operate, professionalism and the non‐technical competencies. His framework of professionalism was based on four domains: being learned, expert, ingenious and adaptable. The surgical aspirants and leaders of the following two centuries recognized the academic, professional and practical value of his teaching through their reference to and use of Chirugia Magna. The Cowlishaw collection in the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons' library contains four French copies, under the title La Grande Chirugie.
Impact of an acute care surgery model on appendicectomy outcomes
Authors: Poh Benjamin Ruimin , Cashin Paul , Dubrava Zdenek , Blamey Stephen , Yong Wei Wei , Croagh Daniel Gerald 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundMonash Medical Centre introduced the acute surgical unit (ASU) in July 2011. The ASU is modelled on the concept of acute care surgery (ACS). This study reviews the impact of the ASU on the outcomes in an appendicectomy population.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients (aged 16–99 years) who underwent appendicectomies in the 2‐year study time frame (from July 2010 to June 2012) at our centre was performed. The cohort (n = 539) was divided into two groups for analysis: the ASU group, patients admitted on or after 18 July 2011 (n = 283), and the control group, patients admitted prior to 18 July 2011 (n = 256).ResultsMedian time to operation (1129 min versus 1080 min, P = 0.963) and negative appendicectomy rate (24.2% versus 24.8%, P = 0.871) were similar in both groups. The proportion of operations performed overnight (18.00–08.00 hours) was significantly decreased in the ASU group (17.1% versus 30.7%, P < 0.001). Perforation rate was marginally higher in the ASU group (17.8% versus 11.8%, P = 0.053) but failed to reach statistical significance. There was an increase in the usage of preoperative imaging (40.3% versus 30.5%, P = 0.018) in the ASU group. Operating times, length of stay, laparoscopic‐to‐open conversion and surgical site infection rates remained similar.ConclusionWe conclude that implementation of an ACS model does not lead to objective differences in outcome for patients after appendicectomy. However, the ACS model significantly decreased the number of operations performed after‐hours.
Simulator training and non‐technical factors improve laparoscopic performance among OBGYN trainees
Authors: Ahlborg Liv , Hedman Leif , Nisell Henry , Felländer‐Tsai Li , Enochsson Lars 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate how simulator training and non‐technical factors affect laparoscopic performance among residents in obstetrics and gynecology.DesignIn this prospective study, trainees were randomized into three groups. The first group was allocated to proficiency‐based training in the LapSimGyn® virtual reality simulator. The second group received additional structured mentorship during subsequent laparoscopies. The third group served as control group. At baseline an operation was performed and visuospatial ability, flow and self‐efficacy were assessed. All groups subsequently performed three tubal occlusions. Self‐efficacy and flow were assessed before and/or after each operation.SettingSimulator training was conducted at the Center for Advanced Medical Simulation and Training, Karolinska University Hospital. Sterilizations were performed at each trainee's home clinic.PopulationTwenty‐eight trainees/residents from 21 hospitals in Sweden were included.Methods/main outcome measuresVisuospatial ability was tested by the Mental Rotation Test‐A. Flow and self‐efficacy were assessed by validated scales and questionnaires. Laparoscopic performance was measured as the duration of surgery. Visuospatial ability, self‐efficacy and flow were correlated to the laparoscopic performance using Spearman's correlations. Differences between groups were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsNo differences across groups were detected at baseline. Self‐efficacy scores before and flow scores after the third operation were significantly higher in the trained groups. Duration of surgery was significantly shorter in the trained groups. Flow and self‐efficacy correlate positively with laparoscopic performance.ConclusionsSimulator training and non‐technical factors appear to improve the laparoscopic performance among trainees/residents in obstetrics and gynecology.