bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Going round in circles? Joint working between primary health and social care
Authors: Coleman Anna , Glendinning Caroline 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine research evidence on collaboration between primary and adult social care in strategic, rather than operational, activities at two different time points, following large-scale changes within the health and social care environments; and discuss the prospects for the future.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper reports evidence from two substantial longitudinal studies (Dowling and Glendinning, 2003; Checkland et al., 2012) which followed the development of Primary Care Groups and Trusts (PCG/Ts) and Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs), respectively. Each used a combination of national surveys and local in-depth case studies to trace the early development of new structures and ways of working following major changes in the NHS and local government.

Findings
– PCG/Ts had limited success in collaborating with adult social care partners. Health and Well-being Boards offer a new overarching organisational framework for collaborative strategic working between GP-led CCGs and adult social care services. Mandated joint strategic needs assessments also provide a shared framework within which commissioning decisions by both CCGs and social services are made. However, there remains evidence of long-standing barriers, particularly differences in geographic boundaries and in organisational and professional cultures.

Research limitations/implications
– Evidence from both studies is based on the early years of the respective new organisations; later evidence may have yielded a different picture.

Originality/value
– This is the first paper reflecting on developments in strategic relations between primary and social care from researchers involved with two longitudinal investigations of the early development of PCG/Ts (1999-2002) and CCGs (2011-ongoing).
Social work: a “forgotten” piece of the integration jigsaw?
Authors: Hudson Annie 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The article seeks to analyse the potential contribution of social work to integration debates. Social work has tended to be seen as marginal to these discussions despite the potential of social work expertise and leadership to help forge effective approaches to joined-up care. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how social work is well positioned to help lead and support practice focused change across social care and health. It also seeks to show how professional leadership can be a powerful vehicle for changing professional and organisational cultures.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper draws on practice and research evidence to demonstrate the proposition that social work can make a powerful contribution to debates about integration.

Findings
– Three things could help build the cultural capital that is a pre-requisite to building integrated and joined-up approaches. First, the author needs to invest in developing the role of social workers and GPs working together as local professional and practice leaders. Second, there is a real risk that in any discussion about professional leadership and partnership, the author eclipses the singularly critical importance of engaging and involving users and carers in non tokenistic ways. Finally, the author needs to utilise better social work’s skills and knowledge in managing risk, building resilience and promoting social inclusion.

Research limitations/implications
– Further evaluation and research is needed about the potential for GPs and social workers to develop joined-up approaches to care for and support older and disabled people.

Practical implications
– Social workers need to be provided with the tools, support and space in which to develop their practice leadership role, including but not exclusively with GPs.

Originality/value
– This paper does not purport to offer any specifically originally research but rather some reflections on how social work expertise might better contribute to integration debates.
Australia's coal seam gas boom and the LNG entry result
Authors: Simshauser Paul , Nelson Tim 
Published: May 2015

Queensland experienced extraordinary growth in booked 2P coal seam gas (CSG) reserves, rising from 3,400 PJ in 2005 to 41,200 PJ in 2013. Given annual domestic consumption of ca. 700 PJ/a, 2P reserves rapidly shifted from 14 to 72 years supply. Profit‐maximising firms sought to speed up commercialisation of reserves through the development of three liquefied natural gas (LNG) export plants at Gladstone. In this article, we present forecasts of Australia's east coast interconnected gas system with daily resolution using our dynamic partial equilibrium model. Modelling results show the rapid development of LNG plants combined with restrictive CSG development policies in NSW may result in unserved load from 2016. Relaxing development constraints or delaying construction of one LNG terminal by 1 year could have avoided the risk of Unserved Load events in the domestic gas market. Lessons can be learned from this CSG‐LNG boom scenario. Facilitating new gas supplies is the most efficient way of alleviating the impacts of the CSG‐LNG boom on domestic markets in the medium term. In the long‐term, Australian policymakers may consider the merits of a National Net Benefits Test to maximise welfare through appropriate coordination – as is done by policymakers in the USA – as opposed to protecting local industries through ‘domestic gas reservation policies’.
Use of Bacillus indicus HU36 as a probiotic culture in set‐type, recombined nonfat yoghurt production and its effects on quality
Authors: Erşan Sevcan , Gültekin‐Özgüven Mine , Berktaş İjlal , Erdem Özlem , Tuna Halide Ezgi , Gunes Gurbuz , Özçelik Beraat 
Published: May 2015

Viability of a probiotic and carotenoid‐producing bacterium, Bacillus indicus HU36 in vegetative form, along with the yoghurt cultures in set‐type, recombined nonfat yoghurt and its effects on quality were determined during the storage at 4 °C. The number of B. indicus HU36 cells in yoghurt remained about 5 log cfu/mL after 14 days, but decreased to 3.5 log after 21 days. The bacterium resulted in increased yellowness, but did not affect the rheological properties of the yoghurt. Sensorial properties of the yoghurt were acceptable compared to a commercial probiotic yoghurt. B. indicus HU36 can thus be used as a probiotic culture in yoghurt production.
Cloning and structural characterization of juvenile hormone diol kinase in Spodoptera litura
Authors: Zeng Bao‐Juan , Lv Yuan , Zhang Li‐Li , Huang Li‐Hua , Feng Qi‐Li 
Published: May 2015

AbstractJuvenile hormone (JH) is one of the key insect hormones that regulate metamorphosis. Juvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK) is an enzyme involved in JH metabolism and catalyzes JH diol to form a polar end product, JH diol phosphate that has no JH activity. In this study, a JHDK complementary DNA (cDNA) was cloned from Spodoptera litura and the structure and expression of the gene was characterized. The cDNA was 714 base pairs in length and encoded a protein of 183 amino acids with a molecular mass of 21 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.55. Based on the structure, three putative calcium binding motifs and guanosine triphosphate‐binding motifs were predicted in the protein. Modeling of the 3‐D structure showed that the protein consisted of eight α‐helixes linked with loops, with no β‐sheets. The gene was expressed in the epidermis, fat body and midgut of fifth and sixth instar larvae. The expression level in the epidermis was lower than in the fat body and midgut. The gene was expressed at higher levels at the early stages than in the later stages of fifth and sixth instar midgut and fat body. The results suggest that this gene may be involved in the regulation of the JH titer in larvae of S. litura.
Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion Exhibits Bitterness‐Suppressing Effects in a Sensory Threshold Study
Authors: Torrico Damir Dennis , Sae‐Eaw Amporn , Sriwattana Sujinda , Boeneke Charles , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLittle is known about how emulsion characteristics affect saltiness/bitterness perception. Sensory detection and recognition thresholds of NaCl, caffeine, and KCl in aqueous solution compared with oil‐in‐water emulsion systems were evaluated. For emulsions, NaCl, KCl, or caffeine were dissolved in water + emulsifier and mixed with canola oil (20% by weight). Two emulsions were prepared: emulsion 1 (viscosity = 257 cP) and emulsion 2 (viscosity = 59 cP). The forced‐choice ascending concentration series method of limits (ASTM E‐679‐04) was used to determine detection and/or recognition thresholds at 25 °C. Group best estimate threshold (GBET) geometric means were expressed as g/100 mL. Comparing NaCl with KCl, there were no significant differences in detection GBET values for all systems (0.0197 ‐ 0.0354). For saltiness recognition thresholds, KCl GBET values were higher compared with NaCl GBET (0.0822 ‐ 0.1070 compared with 0.0471 ‐ 0.0501). For NaCl and KCl, emulsion 1 and/or emulsion 2 did not significantly affect the saltiness recognition threshold compared with that of the aqueous solution. However, the bitterness recognition thresholds of caffeine and KCl in solution were significantly lower than in the emulsions (0.0242 ‐ 0.0586 compared with 0.0754 ‐ 0.1025). Gender generally had a marginal effect on threshold values. This study showed that, compared with the aqueous solutions, emulsions did not significantly affect the saltiness recognition threshold of NaCl and KCl, but exhibited bitterness‐suppressing effects on KCl and/or caffeine.
Discovery and characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch
Authors: Starks Hilary A. , Clemento Anthony J. , Garza John Carlos 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMolecular population genetic analyses have become an integral part of ecological investigation and population monitoring for conservation and management. Microsatellites have been the molecular marker of choice for such applications over the last several decades, but single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are rapidly expanding beyond model organisms. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) is native to the north Pacific Ocean and its tributaries, where it is the focus of intensive fishery and conservation activities. As it is an anadromous species, coho salmon typically migrate across multiple jurisdictional boundaries, complicating management and requiring shared data collection methods. Here, we describe the discovery and validation of a suite of novel SNPs and associated genotyping assays which can be used in the genetic analyses of this species. These assays include 91 that are polymorphic in the species and one that discriminates it from a sister species, Chinook salmon. We demonstrate the utility of these SNPs for population assignment and phylogeographic analyses, and map them against the draft trout genome. The markers constitute a large majority of all SNP markers described for coho salmon and will enable both population‐ and pedigree‐based analyses across the southern part of the species native range.
Herbivory and fire interact to affect forest understory habitat, but not its use by small vertebrates
Authors: Foster C. N. , Barton P. S. , Sato C. F. , Wood J. T. , MacGregor C. I. , Lindenmayer D. B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHerbivory and fire are two disturbances that often co‐occur, but studies of their interactive effects are rare outside of grassland ecosystems. We experimentally tested the interactive effects of prescribed fire and macropod herbivory on forest understory vegetation and its vertebrate fauna. Fire and herbivory interacted synergistically to affect forest understory vegetation, with palatable plants showing poor post‐fire recovery in unfenced sites compared with herbivore exclusion sites. Despite this strong interactive effect on vegetation, small vertebrates responded to the individual, and not the interactive effects of disturbance. The native insectivorous mammal Antechinus stuartii was more frequently encountered on large herbivore exclusion sites, as was the introduced European rabbit. In contrast, the small skink Lampropholis delicata was more common on sites with high densities of large herbivores. Skinks, snakes and European rabbits were also more active on burnt than unburnt sites. Our results suggest that it may be necessary to manage the macropod herbivore population after fire to prevent the decline of palatable plants, and maintain the dense habitat required by some small mammals. However, as the invasive rabbit was most active in macropod‐free sites after fire, any management must include control of both types of herbivores. A mix of understory densities may also need to be maintained to ensure the persistence of species preferring more open habitats. Our study demonstrates that interactive effects of disturbance on vegetation communities may not lead to predictable effects on animals, and highlights the importance of considering both multiple stressors, and multiple species, in the management of disturbance regimes.
Transition probabilities for four states of alcohol use in adolescence and young adulthood: what factors matter when?
Authors: Probst Charlotte , Moyo Daniel , Purshouse Robin , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsRisky single‐occasion drinking (RSOD) is a health threat, particularly at younger ages. The study aimed to quantify transition probabilities (TPs) between abstinence, use of alcohol, RSOD and frequent RSOD, and to understand how TPs are associated with key demographic factors.DesignCohort study (baseline, two follow‐ups). A Markov model was fitted to estimate annual TPs and hazard ratios (HRs) for age, sex and socio‐economic status (SES).SettingAdolescent and young adult general population of Munich (Germany) and surrounding areas.ParticipantsA total of 3021 people aged 14–25 years at baseline in 1995 followed‐up in 1998/1999 (n = 2548) and 2003–2005 (n = 2210).MeasurementsAlcohol use, RSOD status, age, sex and SES (subjective financial situation) were assessed in a standardized interview.FindingsThe highest TPs (> 65%) were found for staying in the same drinking state. Higher age [hazard ratio (HR) for 1‐year increase = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.84–0.91], being female (HR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.21–0.42), and a high SES (HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43–0.97) were associated with a lower hazard to progress from use to RSOD. While age was associated predominantly with transitions between abstinence and alcohol use, sex was more relevant for transitions associated with RSOD and frequent RSOD.ConclusionsGerman adolescents and young adults tend to be stable in the drinking states of abstinence, use of alcohol, risky single‐occasion drinking and frequent risky single‐occasion drinking. Females are less likely to transition to riskier states and more likely to transition back from frequent risky single‐occasion drinking, higher age is associated with lower hazard of transitioning and participants of higher socio‐economic status are less likely to transition from ‘use of alcohol’ to ‘risky single‐occasion drinking’.
Outcomes of placing short implants in the posterior mandible: a preliminary randomized controlled trial
Authors: Al‐Hashedi AA , Taiyeb‐Ali TB , Yunus N 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundShort dental implants can be an alternative to bone augmentation procedures at sites of reduced alveolar bone. Most studies on short implants are retrospective or multicentre reports that lack controlled and consistent comparison between different systems. This study aimed to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of short implants in two different systems in the posterior mandible.MethodsTwenty patients with two adjacent missing posterior teeth were recruited. Patients were assigned equally and randomly into two groups; Bicon® (6 or 8 mm) and Ankylos® (8 mm) implants. A two‐stage surgical approach and single crowns were used for implant placement and loading. Outcomes included peri‐implant clinical parameters, implant stability (Periotest values; PTVs) and peri‐implant bone changes, which were assessed at baseline, 2, 6 and 12 months post‐loading.ResultsNo implant loss was encountered up to 12 months post‐loading. No significant difference in the clinical or radiographic parameters was observed except for PTVs (p < 0.05) that was lower in Ankylos® implants.ConclusionsThe use of short dental implants was associated with excellent 12 months clinical and radiographic outcomes. Ankylos® and Bicon® implants demonstrated similar peri‐implant soft tissue and alveolar bone changes. However, Ankylos® implants demonstrated better implant stability at all evaluation intervals.
Implementation and evaluation of a checklist to improve patient care on surgical ward rounds
Authors: Pitcher Meron , Lin Joshua T. W. , Thompson Graeme , Tayaran Ammar , Chan Steven 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundKey aspects of care may be overlooked on a busy surgical ward round. This study assessed the use of a checklist to correct these omissions. Its use as the basis of structured ward round documentation was then measured.MethodsUsing a structured checklist, key aspects of surgical care were observed and recorded during ward rounds. Initially, members of the surgical team were unaware of the checklist. Subsequently, rounds were performed with a designated member of the team acting as ‘prompter’ if aspects of care were not considered per the checklist. A structured ward round progress form was developed and its completion assessed before and after specific education in its use. Changes in the use of checklist and documentation using the structured form were analysed for statistical significance.ResultsFollowing the use of a checklist and prompting during ward rounds, significant improvement occurred in the consideration of the majority of criteria included in the checklist, all of which reached statistical significance (P < 0.05). Provision of a structured progress form did not initially improve documentation but this was substantially improved with specific education (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe use of a checklist during surgical ward rounds makes significant improvement in the consideration of most key aspects of care and education in the completion of a structured progress form substantially improved documentation.
COFFEE CO‐OPERATIVES IN MALAWI: BUILDING RESILIENCE THROUGH INNOVATION
Authors: BORDA‐RODRIGUEZ Alexander , VICARI Sara 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the role played by innovation in the context of coffee co‐operatives. It shows how interconnected forms of innovation contribute to co‐operative resilience. Data was collected from the largest coffee co‐operative Union in Malawi and illustrates how coffee co‐operatives have innovated in order to cope with organizational and market constrains. We identify four areas of innovation: sustainable technologies, development of market niches, women's inclusion and business diversification. The combination of these forms of innovation contributes to co‐operative resilience in different degrees, the article also analyzes how innovation is influenced and driven by co‐operative's values and principles and by partnerships with national and international actors.
INCENTIVES, PROCUREMENT AND REGULATION OF WORK INTEGRATION SOCIAL ENTERPRISES IN FRANCE: OLD IDEAS FOR NEW FIRMS?
Authors: GIANFALDONI Patrick , MORAND Pierre‐Henri 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWork Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) in France become increasingly dependent on commercial resources through public and private markets. Following New Public Management reforms that try to modernize the sector via market oriented management, they have restructured and modified their practices. We compare the normative prescriptions of the theory of incentives in regulation to the actual practices. The trend toward competitive process is described and the form of incentives contract toward workfare is detailed. Are the main insights of this literature appealing for this kind of enterprises? Do the traditional incentives and contract theories ignore some very specific features of WISEs entities? We point out the drawbacks of potentially inaccurate forms of regulation contracts currently used.
Smoking prevalence and its influence on disease course and surgery in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
Authors: Lunney P. C. , Kariyawasam V. C. , Wang R. R. , Middleton K. L. , Huang T. , Selinger C. P. , Andrews J. M. , Katelaris P. H. , Leong R. W. L. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBackgroundSmoking demonstrates divergent effects in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Smoking frequency is greater in CD and deleterious to its disease course. Conversely, UC is primarily a disease of nonsmokers and ex‐smokers, with reports of disease amelioration in active smoking.AimTo determine the prevalence of smoking and its effects on disease progression and surgery in a well‐characterised cohort of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients.MethodsPatients with smoking data of the Sydney IBD Cohort were included. Demographic, phenotypic, medical, surgical and hospitalisation data were analysed and reported on the basis of patient smoking status.Results1203 IBD patients were identified comprising 626 CD and 557 UC with 6725 and 6672 patient‐years of follow‐up, respectively. CD patients were more likely to smoke than UC patients (19.2% vs. 10.2%, P < 0.001). A history of smoking in CD was associated with an increased proportional surgery rate (45.8% vs. 37.8%, P = 0.045), requirement for IBD‐related hospitalisation (P = 0.009) and incidence of peripheral arthritis (29.8% vs. 22.0%, P = 0.027). Current smokers with UC demonstrated reduced corticosteroid utilisation (24.1% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.045), yet no reduction in the rates of colectomy (3.4% vs. 6.6%, P = 0.34) or hospital admission (P = 0.25) relative to nonsmokers. Ex‐smokers with UC required proportionately greater immunosuppressive (36.2% vs. 26.3%, P = 0.041) and corticosteroid (43.7% vs. 34.5%, P = 0.078) therapies compared with current and never smokers.ConclusionsThis study confirms the detrimental effects of smoking in CD, yet failed to demonstrate substantial benefit from smoking in UC. These data should encourage all patients with IBD to quit smoking.
Liberalism and Public Health Ethics
Authors: Rajczi Alex 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMany public health dilemmas involve a tension between the promotion of health and the rights of individuals. This article suggests that we should resolve the tension using our familiar liberal principles of government. The article considers the common objections that (i) liberalism is incompatible with standard public health interventions such as anti‐smoking measures or intervention in food markets; (2) there are special reasons for hard paternalism in public health; and (3) liberalism is incompatible with proper protection of the community good. The article argues that we should examine these critiques in a larger methodological framework by first acknowledging that the right theory of public health ethics is the one we arrive at in reflective equilibrium. Once we examine the arguments for and against liberalism in that light, we can see the weaknesses in the objections and the strength of the case for liberalism in public health.