bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myokard-Perfusions-Szintigraphie
Authors: Burchert W. , Hacker M. , Schaefer W. , Schmidt M. , Schober O. , Schwaiger M. , vom Dahl J. , Zimmermann R. , Schäfers M. , Lindner O. 
Published: February 2013

ZusammenfassungDiese Leitlinie ist die Kurzfassung der bei der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) publizierten Leitlinie zur Myokard-Perfusions-Szintigraphie. Sie soll eine praxisorientierte Hilfestellung zur Indikation, Durchführung und Auswertung der Myokard-Perfusions-Szintigraphie geben und den aktuellen Stand des Verfahrens darstellen.Nach der Einführung in die Grundlagen folgen konkrete und detaillierte Angaben zur Indikationsstellung, zur Untersuchungsvorbereitung, zu Belastungsverfahren, Radiopharmaka, Akquisitionsprotokollen und -techniken, Strahlenexposition, Datenrekonstruktion sowie zur visuellen und quantitativen Bildanalyse und -interpretation. Zusätzlich werden Fehlerquellen behandelt und Grundelemente des Befundberichtes aufgezeigt.
La construction du sujet souffrant au travail au travers des instruments scientifiques de mesure
Authors: Allard-Poesi Florence , Hollet-Haudebert Sandrine 
Published: February 2013

Résumé S’inscrivant dans une perspective foucaldienne, cette recherche a pour objectif de cerner les traits et caractéristiques essentiels du sujet que construisent les méthodes scientifiques d’évaluation de la souffrance au travail. Empruntant une démarche qualitative, nous analysons en profondeur sept échelles d’auto-évaluation de la souffrance au travail couramment utilisées en management. Notre recherche montre que 1/ ces échelles véhiculent, à l’instar d’autres techniques de mesure utilisées en gestion des ressources humaines (cf. Townley, 1993 ; Pezet, 2007), les idées d’un individu calculable et comptable de lui-même. Elle précise ce second aspect en montrant que les échelles d’évaluation de souffrance construisent un individu 2/ capable d’enregistrer et d’évaluer les évènements qui l’affectent et 3/ qui entretient des relations instrumentales avec le monde et les autres. Notre recherche montre enfin que 4/ la souffrance ne paraît pas tant importer pour elle-même qu’en tant qu’elle est susceptible de réduire l’activité du sujet souffrant. Les échelles d’évaluation de la souffrance fabriquent ainsi un sujet qui, s’il est rationnel, n’a aucune prise sur son environnement de travail. En s’intéressant à la manière dont les échelles de mesure voient le sujet souffrant, notre recherche complète les travaux s’inscrivant dans une perspective critique de la santé au travail qui ont principalement cherché à mettre en lumière les points aveugles des recherches orthodoxes. Nos résultats précisent ainsi les traits de l’individu ‘comptable’ mis en évidence par les recherches antérieures et permettent de contraster ces traits d’avec ceux de l’individu libre, ‘entrepreneur de lui-même’ véhiculé par les discours managériaux (Rose, 1999). Les conséquences théoriques, méthodologiques et pratiques de ces résultats sont envisagées.
Implementation of a Nurse-Driven Burn Resuscitation Protocol: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Fahlstrom Kyra , Boyle Cameron , Makic Mary Beth Flynn 
Published: February 2013

Background
Burn resuscitation, including titration of fluids and administration of colloids, is often driven by physicians’ orders. Inconsistencies in burn resuscitation cause overresuscitation, which has adverse consequences.

Methods
Retrospective chart reviews were completed to evaluate fluid resuscitation and complications for 12 months before and after development and implementation of a nurse-driven burn resuscitation protocol.

Results
Before implementation of the protocol, results at 24 hours after injury indicated that 58% of patients were overresuscitated, had a serum level of lactate of at least 2 mmol/L (100%), and had complications (pulmonary edema 20%, abdominal compartment syndrome 7%, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome 30%) within the first 5 days. Two outcomes differed from before to after implementation of the protocol: serum level of lactate at 24 hours (t37.8 =2.38, P =.007) and central venous pressure at 48 hours (t31 =2.27, P =.03). After implementation of the protocol, no patients had abdominal compartment syndrome develop.

Conclusions
Implementation of the nurse-driven burn resuscitation protocol improved nurses’ awareness and assessment of fluid status during resuscitation and improved patients’ outcomes.
Archaeologies of Persistence: Reconsidering the Legacies of Colonialism in Native North America
Authors: Panich Lee M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article seeks to define common ground from which to build a more integrated approach to the persistence of indigenous societies in North America. Three concepts are discussed—identity, practice, and context—that may prove useful for the development of archaeologies of persistence by allowing us to counter terminal narratives and essentialist concepts of cultural identity that are deeply ingrained in scholarly and popular thinking about Native American societies. The use of these concepts is illustrated in an example that shows how current archaeological research is challenging long-held scholarty and popular beliefs about the effects of colonialism in coastal California, where the policies of Spanish colonial missionaries have long been thought to have driven local native peoples to cultural extinction. By exploring how the sometimes dramatic changes of the colonial period were internally structured and are just one part of long and dynamic native histories, archaeologies of persistence may help to bring about a shift in how the archaeology of colonialism presents the histories of native peoples in North America—one that can make archaeology more relevant to descendant communities.
Picturing the Past: Gender inNational GeographicReconstructions of Prehistoric Life
Authors: Solometo Julie , Moss Joshua 
Published: February 2013

AbstractArtistic reconstructions of ancient life are powerful blends of archaeological interpretation and imagination. Like other narratives about the past, they can project contemporary gender roles and relations on ancient peoples, and can reinforce or transform ideas about gender in the present. This article examines the construction of gender ideologies inNational Geographicillustrations of prehistoric life. Our analysis of 204 pictorial reconstructions from 1936 to 2007 reveals that women and women’s work are significantly underrepresented and undervalued, while exhibiting evidence of temporal change in response to societal factors and editorial influences. A vigorous archaeology of gender has had little impact on the magazine’s imagined past; in some respects, the ancient women depicted in the last twenty years are just as scarce, passive, and subordinate as they were in the postwar “backlash” of the 1950s.
Were Bifaces used as Mobile Cores by Clovis Foragers in the North American Lower Great Lakes Region? An Archaeological Test of Experimentally Derived Quantitative Predictions
Authors: Eren Metin I. , Andrews Brian N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe notion that Paleoindians used bifaces as “mobile cores” is widespread in Late Pleistocene lithic research, although it can be difficult to test empirically. Here, we use experimental replication to establish two quantitative predictions that would be indicative of biface-core transport. If bifaces are being used as mobile cores, then we should see among a group of sites of varying toolstone procurement distances (a) a negative relationship between toolstone procurement distance and the mean unifacial tool maximum-thickness value from each site; and (b) a negative relationship between toolstone procurement distance and the variability (standard deviation) of maximum flake thickness values from each site. We then test these predictions against data from six Clovis sites of varying toolstone procurement distance in the Lower Great Lakes region. The results show that both sets of data possess a strong, positive relationship with increasing toolstone procurement distance, which is inconsistent with the notion that biface-cores were transported. Since the Clovis presence in the Lower Great Lakes is widely acknowledged to be a colonization pulse, we conclude that the lack of biface-core transport there is an economizing and risk-mitigating behavior consistent with the models of Kuhn (1994) and Meltzer (2002, 2003, 2004).
Challenging the Evidence for Prehistoric Wetland Maize Agriculture at Fort Center, Florida
Authors: Thompson Victor D. , Gremillion Kristen J. , Pluckhahn Thomas J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe early evidence (2400 ± 105 B.P.) for wetland maize agriculture at the archaeological site of Fort Center, a large earth-work site in South Florida, USA, is frequently cited in discussions of the emergence of agriculture in the Eastern Woodlands of North America. The evidence for maize, however, rests on controversial pollen data; some researchers accept it, others remain skeptical of its identification or chronological placement. We present microbotanical data (pollen and phytoliths), macrobotanical data, and radiocarbon dates from recent excavations from this site. We argue that maize agriculture did not occur until the historic period at this site and that the identification of maize in earlier deposits is likely a result of contamination.
Recognizing Ritual Action and Intent in Communal Mourning Features on the Southern California Coast
Authors: Hull Kathleen L. , Douglass John G. , York Andrew L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRecent excavations at two sites located along the coastal margin of the Los Angeles basin revealed three features created as a result of communal mourning ritual during the Intermediate Period (ca. 3000–1000 cal B.P.). Detailed analysis of constituents, structure, and context indicates that formation of these dense concentrations of ground stone implements, unmodified cobbles, other artifacts, and cremated human remains involved deliberate equipment production, sequential implement fragmentation and treatment including burning and pigmentation of items, and secondary interment of incomplete objects and bodies in pits within locales often used for this purpose over many generations. The large size and evident manipulation of objects as part of communal mourning ritual indicates that actions would have been readily visible to a gathered assembly. Thus, while the meaning and significance of these practices remains to be thoroughly explored, the data suggest that communal mourning ritual may have played a significant role in community-building and the maintenance of identity within a region with a dynamic population history.
Time, Oral Tradition, and Archaeology at Xakwnoowú, A Little Ice Age Fort in Southeastern Alaska
Authors: Crowell Aron L. , Howell Wayne K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAs a linguistic medium, oral tradition conveys rich and specific detail about past events but is also subject to alteration in the course of transmission between generations. As a source for indigenous history, spoken heritage is characteristically specific in geographic attribution and thus definitive of cultural landscapes, but it is temporally under-defined because it is unconstrained by calendrical dates. We consider these qualities in relation to Tlingit oral accounts that refer to Xak-wnoowú, an 850-year-old fort in the Glacier Bay region of southeastern Alaska. The site is narratively linked to the origins of Tlingit warfare and of the Kaagwaantaan clan, and remains a landmark of historical consciousness for contemporary descendants. We apply archaeological and geological evidence to date and verify key oral narratives, finding substantial convergence with scientific data and a complementarity of perspective that potentiates fuller understandings of both Tlingit history and environmental change during the Little Ice Age. We conclude that the historicity of oral tradition—a topic of wide current debate—is clearly demonstrated at Xakwnoowú, although instances of chronological compression are revealed by the analysis.
Les relations siège-filiales dans les firmes multinationales : vers une approche différenciée ?
Authors: Beddi Hanane 
Published: February 2013

Cet article examine la diversité potentielle dans les relations entre le siège et les filiales des firmes multinationales. Pour faire face aux défis liés à la dispersion géographique de leurs activités, les firmes multinationales peuvent opter pour un management différencié selon les filiales au sein d’un même groupe. L’étude empirique est fondée sur trois études de cas : France Télécom, Schneider Electric et Publicis. Les résultats montrent la possibilité d’avoir un management uniforme ou différencié des filiales et identifient les différentes modalités qui entrent en ligne de compte tout en questionnant la place de la filiale et du siège.
Top‐Emission Organic Light‐Emitting Diode with a Novel Copper/Graphene Composite Anode
Authors: Meng Hu , Luo Jianxing , Wang Wei , Shi Zujin , Niu Qiaoli , Dai Lun , Qin Guogang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe relatively high sheet resistance of graphene compared with indium tin oxide (ITO) blocks the applications of graphene as transparent electrodes in organic light‐emitting diodes. A novel copper (Cu)/graphene composite electrode is presented and employed as the anode of a top‐emission organic light‐emitting diode with the structure of Cu/graphene/V2O5/NPB/Alq3/Alq3: C545T/Bphen: Cs2CO3/Sm/Au. The Cu/graphene composite electrodes are fabricated by growing graphene directly on Cu substrates via the chemical vapor deposition method without any transfer process. The maxima of current efficiency and power efficiency of a typical Cu/graphene composite anode device reach 6.1 cd/A and 7.6 lm/W, respectively, which are markedly higher than those of the control devices with a graphene anode, a Cu anode or an ITO anode. The low sheet resistance of the composite electrode, the high quality of graphene without any transfer process and the avoidance of wave guiding loss in glass or polyethylene terephthalate substrates result in the improvements of light emission efficiencies.
Improvement of Transparent Metal Top Electrodes for Organic Solar Cells by Introducing a High Surface Energy Seed Layer
Authors: Schubert Sylvio , Meiss Jan , Müller‐Meskamp Lars , Leo Karl 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe present highly transparent and conductive silver thin films in a thermally evaporated dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) multilayer architecture as top electrode for efficient small molecule organic solar cells. DMD electrodes are frequently used for optoelectronic devices and exhibit excellent optical and electrical properties. Here, we show that ultrathin seed layers such as calcium, aluminum, and gold of only 1 nm thickness strongly influence the morphology of the subsequently deposited silver layer used as electrode. The wetting of silver on the substrate is significantly improved with increasing surface energy of the seed material resulting in enhanced optical and electrical properties. Typically thermally evaporated silver on a dielectric material forms rough and granular layers which are not closed and not conductive below thicknesses of 10 nm. With gold acting as seed layer, the silver electrode forms a continuous, smooth, conductive layer down to a silver thickness of 3 nm. At 7 nm silver thickness such an electrode exhibits a sheet resistance of 19 Ω/□ and a peak transmittance of 83% at 580 nm wavelength, both superior compared to silver electrodes without seed layer and even to indium tin oxide (ITO). Top‐illuminated solar cells using gold/silver double layer electrodes achieve power conversion efficiencies of 4.7%, which is equal to 4.6% observed in bottom‐illuminated reference devices employing conventional ITO. The top electrodes investigated here exhibit promising properties for semitransparent solar cells or devices fabricated on opaque substrates.
Formaldehyd in der Umgebungsluft: von der Innenluftverunreinigung zur Außenluftverunreinigung?
Authors: Salthammer Tunga 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFormaldehyd wird seit Jahrzehnten als typische Innenraumverunreinigung diskutiert. Gesetzliche Auflagen und kontinuierlich sinkende Richtwerte für die Innenraumluft haben dazu geführt, dass die Freisetzungsraten von Formaldehyd aus Einrichtungsgegenständen sowie Bau‐ und Haushaltsprodukten seit geraumer Zeit rückläufig sind. Langsam, und von der Innenraumforschung weitgehend unbemerkt, vollzieht sich allerdings ein Paradigmenwechsel. In manchen urbanen Gebieten liegen die Formaldehydkonzentrationen in der Außenluft bereits auf dem Niveau der Innenraumluftkonzentrationen, was im Wesentlichen auf photochemische Prozesse und die zunehmende Verwendung von Biokraftstoffen zurückzuführen ist. Mittelfristig wird diese Entwicklung zu Konsequenzen bezüglich der Lüftung von Gebäuden und zum Umdenken bei der Expositionsbewertung führen.
Effects of curing program on mechanical behavior and water absorption of DGEBA/TETa epoxy network
Authors: Dang D. Nguyen , Cohendoz S. , Mallarino S. , Feaugas X. , Touzain S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWater uptake in organic coatings remains an interesting challenge for fundamental and applied researches because chemical, physical, and mechanical properties are concerned. The polymer network, which is affected by the curing program, is a key factor for water absorption. In this work, an epoxy network based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and a hardener triethylentetramine was cured at different temperatures: below Tg (protocol 1) and above Tg (protocol 2). DMA, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and FT‐IR measurements showed that both protocols allow to obtain totally cured networks. However, DSC and DMA results revealed that both cured networks present different levels of homogeneity, depending on the different curing conditions, which affect the free volume and the activation volume associated with visco‐elastic properties. The mechanical properties of free films and water sorption behaviors were investigated as function of cured conditions. It was found that protocol 1‐cured networks present higher mechanical properties and was less affected by water ingress than protocol 2‐cured systems, leading to better barrier properties. These results highlight the influence of the curing program onto the heterogeneous distribution of the epoxy network. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Amphiphilic poly(vinyl chloride)‐g‐poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methylether methacrylate] copolymer for the surface hydrophilicity modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane
Authors: Shao Xi‐Sheng , Li Jian‐Hua , Zhou Qing , Miao Jing , Zhang Qi‐Qing 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this study, a comblike amphiphilic graft copolymer containing poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) backbones and poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) [poly(ethylene glycol) methylether methacrylate (PEGMA)] side chains was facilely synthesized via an atom transfer radical polymerization method. Secondary chlorines in PVC were used as initial sites to graft a poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methylether methacrylate] [P(PEGMA)] brush. The synthesized PVC‐g‐P(PEGMA) graft copolymer served as an efficient additive for the hydrophilicity modification of the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane via a nonsolvent‐induced phase‐inversion technique. A larger pore size, higher porosity, and better connectivity were obtained for the modified PVDF membrane; this facilitated the permeability compared to the corresponding virgin PVDF membrane. In addition, the modified PVDF membrane showed a distinctively enhanced hydrophilicity and antifouling resistance, as suggested by the contact angle measurement and flux of bovine serum albumin solution tests, respectively. Accordingly, the PVC‐g‐P(PEGMA) graft copolymer was demonstrated as a successful additive for the hydrophilicity modification, and this study will likely open up new possibilities for the development of efficient amphiphilic PVC‐based copolymers for the excellent hydrophilicity modification of PVDF membranes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The effect of twin screw extrusion on structural, electrical, and rheological properties in carbon nanotube poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone nanocomposites
Authors: Guehenec Matthieu , Tishkova Victoria , Dagreou Sylvie , Leonardi Frederic , Derail Christophe , Puech Pascal , Pons François , Gauthier Benedicte , Cadaux Pierre‐Henri , Bacsa Wolfgang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe influence of twin screw extruder dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the structural, electrical, and rheological properties in poly(ether ether ketone) is studied. Intermediate rotational speeds (200 rpm) of co‐rotating twin screws yield higher electrical conductivity and dynamic shear modulus than for lower or higher speeds when using 3 wt % multiwall CNTs. These improved properties at intermediate speeds are correlated with the dispersion state of nanotubes in the polymer matrix by using transmission electron microscopy and multispectral Raman mapping. We find that the complex shear modulus near structural percolation depends on the dispersion of the CNTs and the residence time in the extruder plays an important role in the final properties of the nanocomposite. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Studies on usage of acrylamide copolymers for textile effluent treatment
Authors: Jain Mukul R. , Jain Chhavi , Jain R. C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe copolymers of acrylamide–maleic anhydride and acrylamide–diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride of different ionicities were used for the removal of color, solids, etc., from effluent generated from textile industry. The studies have been carried out to remove color generated in the effluent. To estimate dye content, we prepared standard curve using UV‐vis spectrophotometer at different dye concentration following the Beer Lambert's Law. The copolymers of acrylamide–maleic anhydride and acrylamide–diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride of known concentration were dosed in the known concentration of the dye. These polymers made flocks by adsorption with dyes and these colored flocks were filtered out. The intensity of the color of water went down on increasing the concentration of the polymers. The color of the textile effluent was removed to the extent of 97% using above mentioned polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Ultrasound initiated functionalization of SEBS with maleic anhydride
Authors: Shen Liyuan , Zhang Xianlong , Wu Hong , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe functionalization of styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐1‐butene)‐b‐styrene tri‐block copolymer with maleic anhydride (MAH) in melt state through ultrasound initiation was studied in this article. The effects of plasticizer content and types, MAH content, ultrasound power, and die temperature on grafting ratio of MAH were investigated by means of acid–base titration. Functionalized products were confirmed by new absorption bands in Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the ultrasound initiated products had lower complex viscosity (η*), lower gel content as well as lower molecular weight than peroxide initiated products, indicating that the ultrasound could cause chain scission and suppress the crosslinking side reaction to gain functionalized products, which have less gel content and high grafting ratio. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013