bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plectocarpon dirinariae (Arthoniales), a new lichenicolous species from Cape Verde
Authors: ERTZ Damien , van den BOOM Pieter P.G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPlectocarpon dirinariae Ertz & van den Boom is described from Cape Verde from the thallus of saxicolous Dirinariaapplanata. The new species is characterized by convex rounded ascomata not inducing basally constricted galls, non-carbonized sterile stromatic tissue, mainly 4–6-spored asci and 3-septate ascospores. Similar Plectocarpon sp. are discussed.
‘Who's who’ in renal sphaerosporids (Bivalvulida: Myxozoa) from common carp, Prussian carp and goldfish – molecular identification of cryptic species, blood stages and new members of Sphaerospora sensu stricto
Authors: HOLZER ASTRID SIBYLLE , BARTOŠOVÁ P. , PECKOVÁ H. , TYML T. , ATKINSON S. , BARTHOLOMEW J. , SIPOS D. , ESZTERBAUER E. , DYKOVÁ I. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYMyxozoans are a group of diverse, spore-forming metazoan microparasites bound to aquatic environments. Sphaerospora dykovae (previously S. renicola) causes renal sphaerosporosis and acute swim bladder inflammation (SBI) in juvenile Cyprinus carpio carpio, in central Europe. A morphologically similar species with comparably low pathogenicity, S. angulata has been described from C. c. carpio, Carassius auratus auratus and Carassius gibelio. To clarify uncertainties and ambiguities in taxon identification in these hosts we decided to re-investigate differences in spore morphology using a statistical approach, in combination with SSU and LSU rDNA sequence analyses. We found that developing spores of S. angulata and S. dykovae cannot be distinguished morphologically and designed a duplex PCR assay for the cryptic species that demonstrated S. dykovae is specific to C. c. carpio, whereas S. angulata infects C. a. auratus and C. gibelio. The molecular identification of myxozoan blood stages in common carp and goldfish, which had previously been ascribed to Sphaerospora spp. showed that approximately 75% of blood stages were from non-sphaerosporid coelozoic species infecting these cyprinids and more than 10% were from an alien species, Myxobilatus gasterostei, developing in sticklebacks. We hereby report non-selective myxozoan host invasion and multi-species infections, whose role in SBI still requires clarification.
MRSA-ST398 in livestock farmers and neighbouring residents in a rural area in Germany
Authors: BISDORFF B. , SCHOLHÖLTER J. L. , CLAUßEN K. , PULZ M. , NOWAK D. , RADON K. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYPrevalence of and risk factors associated with MRSA-ST398 carriage in 1872 (response 70%) farmers and neighbouring residents in a pig- and poultry-dense area in Germany were investigated using a cross-sectional study and self-sampling nasal swabs. In the population, 1% without occupational livestock contact and 24% with occupational livestock contact tested positive for MRSA-ST398. The group without occupational livestock contact was 3·8 times [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·5–9·3] more likely to be colonized if a household member had livestock contact and 3·2 times (95% CI 1·4–7·4) more likely if they regularly made private farm visits (e.g. to buy eggs or milk). In the group with occupational livestock contact, pig contact had an odds ratio of 7·1 (95% CI 2·9–17·2) for MRSA-ST398 acquisition. This is the first study to associate private farm visits with acquisition of MRSA; more research to explore the exact transmission routes is necessary.
Risk factors for sporadicYersinia enterocoliticainfections, Germany 2009–2010
Authors: ROSNER B. M. , STARK K. , HÖHLE M. , WERBER D. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYYersinia enterocoliticais an important cause of acute gastrointestinal disease and post-infectious complications. In Germany, incidence of reported yersiniosis is relatively high compared with other countries of the European Union. Children aged <5 years are most frequently affected. The aim of our study was to identify risk factors for sporadic yersiniosis in Germany. A population-based case-control study was conducted in five federal states of Germany from April 2009 to June 2010. Cases exhibiting gastrointestinal symptoms were notified to the local health department with aYersinia enterocoliticainfection culture-confirmed from stool. Controls were selected from population registries and frequency-matched on age group and state of residency. Cases and controls received a questionnaire on possible risk factors by mail. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to identify risk factors and to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were estimated for exposures associated with yersiniosis. We analysed data on 571 case patients and 1798 controls. Consumption of raw minced pork, a dish frequently consumed even by young children in Germany, was the main risk factor for disease (aOR 4·7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·5–6·3, PAF 30%). This association varied by age group and, unexpectedly, was strongest for children aged <2 years (aOR 17·5, 95% CI 6·0–51·2). Other independent risk factors included recent preparation of minced pork in the household (aOR 1·4, 95% CI 1·1–1·9, PAF 21%), playing in a sandbox (aOR 1·7, 95% CI 1·3–2·4, PAF 17%), and contact with birds (aOR 1·7, 95% CI 1·1–2·6, PAF 4%). Prevention efforts should specifically target parents and caregivers of young children and focus on the high infection risk associated with consumption of raw minced pork.
On (Not) Computing the Möbius Function Using Bounded Depth Circuits
Authors: GREEN BEN 
Published: August 2012

Any function F: {0,. . ., N − 1} → {−1,1} such that F(x) can be computed from the binary digits of x using a bounded depth circuit is orthogonal to the Möbius function μ in the sense that

\[
\frac{1}{N} \sum_{0 \leq x \leq N-1} \mu(x)F(x) &#x2192; 0 \quad\text{as}~~ N &#x2192; \infty.
\]

The proof combines a result of Linial, Mansour and Nisan with techniques of Kátai and Harman, used in their work on finding primes with specified digits.
Lunchtime food and nutrient intakes of secondary-school pupils; a comparison of school lunches and packed lunches following the introduction of mandatory food-based standards for school lunch
Authors: Pearce Jo , Wood Lesley , Nelson Michael 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the key differences between school lunches and packed lunches as eaten in eleven secondary schools in England, 21 months after the food-based standards for school lunch became mandatory, but before the introduction of nutrient-based standards.DesignData on 358 school lunches and 139 packed lunches were collected in May and June 2008 from pupils attending secondary schools in Sheffield, Manchester, Leicester City and Essex. Fieldwork was conducted over five consecutive school days at each school. Fieldworkers randomly selected five pupils taking a school lunch and five pupils bringing a packed lunch each day. All food and drink items chosen by pupils were weighed and recorded. Leftovers were also weighed.SettingEleven state-maintained, co-educational secondary schools from four local authorities in England.SubjectsFour hundred and ninety-seven pupils aged 11–16 years.ResultsPupils taking school lunches, on average, had significantly higher intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, NSP, vitamin C, folate, Fe and Zn than pupils bringing a packed lunch to school. Mean intakes of protein, fat and vitamin C from both types of lunch met the nutrient-based standards and school lunches also met standards for carbohydrate, NSP and energy.ConclusionsNutrient intakes from school lunches were more favourable than those from packed lunches, but typically failed to meet nutrient-based standards for school food. A combination of continued improvements to school food, educating pupils to make healthier choices and policies to encourage pupils to eat at school or bring healthier packed lunches is needed.
A new model for the Paleogene motion of Greenland relative to North America: Plate reconstructions of the Davis Strait and Nares Strait regions between Canada and Greenland
Authors: Oakey Gordon N. , Chalmers James A. 
Published: August 2012

A simplified plate kinematic model for the Paleogene motion of Greenland relative to North America has been developed to provide a new framework for modeling the oceanic spreading system in Baffin Bay and the intraplate tectonic development of the Davis Strait and Nares Strait regions of the Arctic. A single Euler rotation pole was calculated for the C13N to C24N Eocene motion of the Greenland Plate relative to North America using spreading centers and fracture zones interpreted from satellite derived gravity data in Baffin Bay combined with fracture zones in Labrador Sea from published sources. A single stage pole is proposed for the C25N to C27N portion of the Paleocene and a short‐lived stage pole was found necessary to accommodate the C24N to C25N interval. This kinematic model has been used to reinterpret published shipborne magnetic profiles in central Baffin Bay to reveal a Paleocene spreading center and limits of both Eocene and Paleocene oceanic crust. Aeromagnetic data over northeastern Baffin Bay have been used to identify a new fracture zone in northern Baffin Bay. Plate reconstructions are presented incorporating constraints on plate boundaries from onshore and offshore geological and geophysical mapping. Within the Davis Strait, Paleocene oceanic crust was emplaced in an elongated rift that was subsequently inverted by approximately 300 km of Eocene transpression along the Ungava Fault Zone. In the Nares Strait Region, a “microplate” scenario is presented to explain the simultaneous formation of the Lancaster Sound Rift Basin and complex deformation within the Eurekan Orogenic Belt.
High‐speed stream impacts on the equatorial ionization anomaly region during the deep solar minimum year 2008
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Libo , Zhao Biqiang , Wei Yong , Hu Lianhuan , Xiong B. 
Published: August 2012

To demonstrate high‐speed stream effects during the recent deep solar minimum year 2008, we have analyzed manually scaledfoF2 and hmF2 at Jicamarca and total electron content (TEC) in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region over the America longitudinal sector. Our results reveal that a prominent 9 day oscillation appears in the hmF2 and foF2 at the dip equator. The 9 day oscillation amplitudes of foF2are not always positively correlated with TEC in the equatorial ionosphere, and they show nonlinear dependence on the intensity of geomagnetic disturbances. With the outputs of Fejer and Scherliess's (1997) empirical model, we found that this periodicity is also present in equatorial vertical drifts caused by disturbance dynamoelectric field (DDEF) but absent in the drifts due to prompt penetration electric field (PPEF). DDEF effects on the equatorial periodic variations alone are not sufficient to explain the observed phenomena; other mechanisms, such as thermal expansion/contraction and neutral composition changes, are also the plausible causes of the periodic oscillation in the equatorial ionosphere. Further, the complicated patterns appear in the 9 day band‐pass‐filtered TEC perturbations in the EIA region, and they are quite different from the patterns of global coherent thermospheric oscillations triggered by high‐speed streams. We also found that the latitudinal variations of band‐passed‐filtered TEC present different behaviors involving tilt latitudinal configuration, antiphased correlation between the crests and trough, and south‐north asymmetry, which vary as a function of season, local time, or even from event to event.
A HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE SURVEY OF H2 EMISSION IN THE CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVIRONMENTS OF YOUNG STARS*
Authors: France Kevin , Schindhelm Rebecca N. , Herczeg Gregory J. , Brown Alexander , Abgrall Hervé , Alexander Richard D. , Bergin Edwin A. , Brown Joanna M. , Linsky Jeffrey L. , Roueff Evelyne , Yang Hao 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
The formation timescale and final architecture of exoplanetary systems are closely related to the properties of the molecular disks from which they form. Observations of the spatial distribution and lifetime of the molecular gas at planet-forming radii (a < 10 AU) are important for understanding the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. Toward this end, we present the largest spectrally resolved survey of H2 emission around low-mass pre-main-sequence stars compiled to date. We use a combination of new and archival far-ultraviolet spectra from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph instruments on the Hubble Space Telescope to sample 34 T Tauri stars (27 actively accreting Classical T Tauri Stars and 7 non-accreting Weak-lined T Tauri Stars) with ages ranging from ∼1 to 10 Myr. We observe fluorescent H2 emission, excited by Lyα photons, in 100% of the accreting sources, including all of the transitional disks in our sample (CS Cha, DM Tau, GM Aur, UX Tau A, LkCa 15, HD 135344B, and TW Hya). The spatial distribution of the emitting gas is inferred from spectrally resolved H2 line profiles. Some of the emitting gas is produced in outflowing material, but the majority of H2 emission appears to originate in a rotating disk. For the disk-dominated targets, the H2 emission originates predominately at a ≲ 3 AU. The emission line widths and inner molecular radii are found to be roughly consistent with those measured from mid-IR CO spectra.
Orthostatic Intolerance in Multifocal Acquired Demyelinating Sensory and Motor Neuropathy
Authors: Tramontozzi Louis A. , Russell James A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We report a patient with orthostatic intolerance and syncope as a major clinical manifestation of an acquired multifocal neuropathy with the clinical, electrodiagnostic, and cerebrospinal fluid features of multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy or the Lewis–Sumner syndrome. Immunomodulatory therapy led to clinical remission of both somatic and autonomic signs and symptoms. We are unaware of a previous description of symptomatic dysautonomia in this disorder.
Role of Activity-Dependent Conduction Block in the Diagnosis of Primary Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Authors: Salameh Johnny S. , Souayah Nizar , Chong Peter S. T. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Motor conduction block is one of the well-known neurophysiologic features of primary demyelinating polyneuropathy. In contrast, activity-dependent conduction block (motor conduction block after brief maximum voluntary contraction) is a “rare” neurophysiologic finding in primary demyelinating polyneuropathy. We are reporting the first known case of multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor polyneuropathy with a well-documented activity-dependent conduction block of the ulnar nerve at the forearm segment that transformed into a typical motor response with abnormal temporal dispersion.
Fcγ Receptor Polymorphisms Do Not Predict Response to Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Barnett Carolina , Grinberg Yakob , Ghani Mahdi , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Katzberg Hans , St George-Hyslop Peter , Bril Vera 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We studied 63 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) requiring treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, to determine if polymorphisms within the FCγR2A (rs1801274), FCγR2B (rs1050501), FCγR3A (rs396991), and FCγR3B (NA1/NA2) genes are correlated with response to treatment. There was no significant difference in any of the polymorphisms studied between responders and nonresponders. Patients with the FCγR2B-232I/I polymorphism had higher disease severity measured by the quatitative myasthenia gravis score (QMGS). There was no difference in the distribution of the FCγR2B-232 polymorphisms between the patients and 90 healthy controls. The finding of greater disease severity in patients with the FCγR2B-232I/I polymorphism requires confirmation in a larger population of patients with myasthenia gravis.
Facial Onset Sensorimotor Neuronopathy Syndrome
Authors: Dobrev Dobrin , Barhon Richard J. , Anderson Neil E. , Kilfoyle Dean , Khan Saud , McVey April L. , Herbelin Laura , Dimachkie Mazen M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Objective:
Facial onset sensorimotor neuronopathy (FOSMN) is a recently described neurological syndrome characterized by slow onset of facial sensory abnormalities and subsequent development of motor deficits. Except for 1 patient, FOSMN has so far been identified only in men.

Methods:
We describe a case series of 3 women with FOSMN. We report their clinical, laboratory, and neurophysiological findings.

Results:
The age of onset ranged from 39 to 72 years (mean, 60 years) with presentation 4–7 years after symptom onset. The first symptom was slowly progressive facial numbness, which was followed years later by dysphagia and impaired corneal reflexes. Dysarthria occurred in 2 patients, and mild arm weakness was noted in 2. Muscle stretch reflexes were increased in 1 patient, and in another case, arm sensation was reduced. Laboratory studies were unremarkable, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in 3 patients and of the cervical spine in 2 patients was normal. Nerve conduction studies showed reduced leg compound muscle action potential amplitudes in 1 patient and asymmetrically reduced arm sensory nerve action potentials in another case. In 2 patients, electromyography showed widespread active denervation in arm muscles in conjunction with the involvement of leg muscles in 1 case and the tongue in the other patient. We identified chronic neurogenic motor unit action potentials in the genioglossus muscle of all 3 cases while facial EMG performed in case 3 showed similar findings. Blink reflexes were abnormal in all patients. We treated 1 patient with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone followed by intravenous immunoglobulin without any improvement, and she required percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement.

Conclusions:
This is the first case series describing 3 women with the FOSMN syndrome. We expand phenotype of FOSMN to include upper motor neuron signs and normal arm sensory nerve action potentials.
Copper Levels in Patients With Celiac Neuropathy
Authors: Patterson Shanna K. , Green Peter H. R. , Tennyson Christina A. , Lewis Suzanne K. , Brannagan Thomas H. 
Published: August 2012

Objective:
Neurological complications of celiac disease (CD) include neuropathy, myeloneuropathy, and cerebellar degeneration. The cause of neuropathy in patients with CD is not known. Prior publications describe copper deficiency in CD patients with myeloneuropathy and neuropathy and posit that hypocupremia is the cause of these neurological conditions. However, based on our clinical experience, we hypothesized that CD patients with polyneuropathy are not deficient in copper.

Methods:
Patients who met diagnostic criteria for CD and peripheral neuropathy were included. We reviewed the patient's records, including assessment of serum copper level and other clinical parameters.

Results:
Eighteen patients met inclusion criteria. Sixteen patients (89%) had normal copper levels, 2 had mild hypercupremia, and none had low copper levels. Of the 18 patients, 4 (22%) had large fiber neuropathy and 14 (78%) had a small fiber neuropathy.

Conclusions:
No patient in this study showed hypocupremia. We are unable to demonstrate a relationship between our CD patients with Peripheral Neuropathy and copper deficiency.
Brainstem auditory response findings in preterm infants after necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Jiang Ze D , Ping Li L , Chen C. , Wilkinson Andrew R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAim:  To examine brainstem auditory function and detect any abnormality at term in preterm infants after neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Methods:  Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) was recorded at 21/sec and 60 dB nHL in 37 preterm infants who had NEC. The data obtained at term equivalent age were analyzed and compared with those in normal term infants.Results:  The threshold of BAER in infants after NEC, though slightly elevated, did not differ significantly from that in the controls. The latencies of waves I and III were slightly longer than in the controls, without any statistical significance. However, wave V latency was prolonged and differed significantly from the controls (p < 0.01). I‐V interpeak interval was also prolonged (p < 0.05). The data point distribution of wave V latency and I‐V interval was higher in the infants after NEC than in the controls. The amplitudes of BAER wave components in the infants after NEC did not differ significantly from those in the controls.Conclusion:  Preterm infants after NEC have no major abnormality in peripheral auditory function. However, neural conduction in the brainstem auditory pathway is abnormal, suggesting that NEC adversely affects brainstem auditory conduction.
Risk stratification for Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma based on haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, high lactate dehydrogenase level and extrahilar lymphadenopathy: development and validation on 593 cases
Authors: Montalbán Carlos , Abraira Víctor , Arcaini Luca , Domingo‐Domenech Eva , Guisado‐Vasco Pablo , Iannito Emilio , Mollejo Manuela , Matutes Estella , Ferreri Andrés , Salar Antonio , Rattotti Sara , Carpaneto Andrea , Pérez Fernández Ricardo , Bello José L. , Hernández Miguel , Caballero Dolores , Carbonell Felix , Piris Miguel A. ,   Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Study Group (SMZLSG)
Published: August 2012

SummaryThis international retrospective study of 593 Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma (SMZL) patients aimed to identify factors that determine treatment initiation and influence lymphoma‐specific survival (LSS). Logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with treatment. A Cox regression was used to analyse LSS in a derivation cohort of 366 patients. This produced a prognostic index (PI) and enabled the identification of three risk groups. The resulting stratification was validated in another cohort of 227 patients and compared with the Interguppo Italiano Linfomi (IIL) score in the group of 450 patients for whom all the required data were available using an extension of the net reclassification improvement. Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), extrahilar lymphadenopathy and hepatitis C virus status were associated with the initiation of treatment. Hb, platelet count, high lactate dehydrogenase level and extrahilar lymphadenopathy were independently associated with LSS. Three risk groups with significantly different five‐year LSS (94%, 78% and 69%, respectively) were identified. This stratification (named HPLL on the basis of determinant factors) had a better discriminative power than the IIL score. This system is useful for stratifying SMZL patients into risk groups and may help in the selection of risk‐tailored treatment approaches.