bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression analysis of membrane transporters and drug‐metabolizing enzymes in the lung of healthy and COPD subjects
Authors: Berg Tove , Hegelund Myrbäck Tove , Olsson Marita , Seidegård Janeric , Werkström Viktoria , Zhou Xiao‐Hong , Grunewald Johan , Gustavsson Lena , Nord Magnus 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study describes for the first time the expression levels of genes encoding membrane transporters and drug‐metabolizing enzymes in the lungs of ex‐smoking patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Membrane transporters and drug‐metabolizing enzymes are key determinants of drug uptake, metabolism, and elimination for systemically administered as well as inhaled drugs, with consequent influence on clinical efficacy and patient safety. In this study, while no difference in gene expression was found between healthy and COPD subjects, we identified a significant regional difference in mRNA expression of both membrane transporters and drug‐metabolizing enzymes between central and peripheral tissue in both healthy and COPD subjects. The majority of the differentially expressed genes were higher expressed in the central airways such as the transporters SLC2A1 (GLUT1), SLC28A3 (CNT3), and SLC22A4 (OCTN1) and the drug‐metabolizing enzymes GSTZ1, GSTO2, and CYP2F1. Together, this increased knowledge of local pharmacokinetics in diseased and normal lung may improve modeling of clinical outcomes of new chemical entities intended for inhalation therapy delivered to COPD patients. In addition, based on the similarities between COPD and healthy subjects regarding gene expression of membrane transporters and drug‐metabolizing enzymes, our results suggest that clinical pharmacological studies in healthy volunteers could be a valid model of COPD patients regarding drug disposition of inhaled drugs in terms of drug metabolism and drug transporters.
Foehn jets over the Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Elvidge Andrew D. , Renfrew Ian A. , King John C. , Orr Andrew , Lachlan‐Cope Tom A. , Weeks Mark , Gray Sue L. 
Published: June 2014

Previously unknown foehn jets have been identified to the east of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) above the Larsen C Ice Shelf. These jets have major implications for the east coast of the AP, a region of rapid climatic warming and where two large sections of ice shelf have collapsed in recent years.During three foehn events across the AP, leeside warming and drying is seen in new aircraft observations and simulated well by the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) at ∼1.5 km grid spacing. In case A, weak southwesterly flow and an elevated upwind inversion characterise a highly nonlinear flow regime with upwind flow blocking. In case C strong northwesterly winds characterise a relatively linear case with little upwind flow blocking. Case B resides somewhere between the two in flow regime linearity.The foehn jets – apparent in aircraft observations where available and MetUM simulations of all three cases – are mesoscale features (up to 60 km in width) originating from the mouths of leeside inlets. Through back trajectory analysis they are identified as a type of gap flow. In cases A and B the jets are distinct, being strongly accelerated relative to the background flow, and confined to low levels above the Larsen C Ice Shelf. They resemble the ‘shallow foehn’ of the Alps. Case C resembles a case of ‘deep foehn’, with the jets less distinct. The foehn jets are considerably cooler and moister relative to adjacent regions of calmer foehn air. This is due to a dampened foehn effect in the jet regions: in case A the jets have lower upwind source regions, and in the more linear case C there is less diabatic warming and precipitation along jet trajectories due to the reduced orographic uplift across the mountain passes.
Can the Regeneration of Vegetation from Riparian Seed Banks Support Biogeomorphic Succession and the Geomorphic Recovery of Degraded River Channels?
Authors: O'Donnell J. , Fryirs K. , Leishman M. R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFor rivers degraded by erosion and channel widening, the re‐establishment of riparian vegetation is essential. We assess the potential for riparian seed banks to facilitate natural channel contraction through the regeneration of plants involved in the biogeomorphic succession of three discrete geomorphic units of increasing age and height above the channel bed: bars, benches and floodplain. Standing vegetation upon each unit type was surveyed for four river reaches in the Hunter catchment of eastern Australia. Seed bank composition was determined using seedling emergence techniques on sediment sampled from the units. We compared species richness and composition, and longevity, growth form and seed dispersal mechanisms between the standing vegetation and seed bank species. The seed bank was similar across bars, benches and floodplain, containing mostly perennial pioneer herbs, sedges and rushes, dispersed by wind and hydrochory (water transport). While bar vegetation was similar to the seed bank, bench and floodplain vegetation included later successional species such as shrubs and trees, significantly more grasses and vines (benches: χ25, N = 402 = 102.033, p < 0.001; floodplain: χ25, N = 792 = 30.324, p < 0.001) and higher proportions of unassisted and animal‐dispersed seeds (benches: χ25, N = 352 = 89.409, p < 0.001; floodplain: χ25, N = 338 = 56.026, p < 0.001). The results suggest that seed banks may support early stages of biogeomorphic succession, via regeneration of pioneer plants. However, plants, such as shrubs and trees that are observed upon units of increasing age and height above the channel bed (i.e. benches and floodplain), are likely sourced from transient seeds produced by local vegetation, rather than seed banks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics
Authors: Levine Richard A. , Sampson Eric , Lee Thomas C. M. 
Published: June 2014

This article discusses the history and highlights of the Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics (JCGS) as the journal approaches its 25th anniversary. A unique venture between three organizations—the American Statistical Association (ASA), the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (IMS), and the Interface Foundation of North America (IFNA)—JCGS has come to occupy an important niche in the statistical literature and establish itself as a forward‐thinking, high‐quality journal in its area. In addition to its contributions to the statistical literature, JCGS has often served as the test‐bed for new ideas and methods of publishing and delivery, each of which has presented challenges. But with every obstacle, the three partner organizations have risen to the occasion, supported the journal, and ensured that JCGS not only succeeds but thrives.We will take the reader through an undoubtedly incomplete, but hopefully informative history of JCGS from planning stages to inception and growth, with highlights and innovations presented along the way. The Supporting Information presents further details and data that could not fit within the space restrictions of the focus article itself. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:233–239. doi: 10.1002/wics.1307This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Organizations and Publications
Metal Salts of Dinitro‐, Trinitropyrazole, and Trinitroimidazole
Authors: Drukenmüller Ines E. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Morgenstern Yvonne , Rusan Magdalena , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe syntheses of alkali and earth alkaline dinitropyrazolate (DNP), trinitropyrazolate (TNP), and trinitroimidazolate (TNI) salts are reported. Additionally, copper trinitroimidazolate was synthesized. Their characterization by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and vibrational spectroscopy is reported as well. Crystal structures of compound Ba(DNP)2 (9), which crystallizes with one molecule of methanol and ethyl ether as well as of compounds Sr(TNP)2·3H2O (12), Ba(TNP)2·3H2O (13), and LiTNI·3H2O (14) were determined. The energetic and thermal properties were measured as well. Green‐ and red‐burning pyrotechnic formulations containing barium salts 9 and 13 as well as strontium salts 8 and 12 serving as colorants are tested. Additionally, formulations using Sr(TNP)2·3H2O (12) and Ba(TNP)2·3H2O (13) as the oxidizer and colorant at the same time were examined. The formulations were investigated with regard to their combustion behavior and performances such as burn time, dominant wavelength, spectral purity, luminous intensity, and luminous efficiency. The sensitivities towards ignition stimuli and the decomposition temperatures were determined as well.
Information‐Seeking and Sharing Behavior Following Genomic Testing for Diabetes Risk
Authors: Mills Rachel , Powell Jill , Barry William , Haga Susanne B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAs the practice of medicine has become more patient‐driven, patients are increasingly seeking health information within and outside of their doctor's office. Patients looking for information and support are often turning to the Internet as well as family and friends. As part of a study to understand the impact of delivery method of genomic testing for type 2 diabetes risk on comprehension and health‐related behaviors, we assessed participants’ information‐seeking and sharing behaviors after receiving their results in‐person with a genetic counselor or online through the testing company's website. We found that 32.6 % of participants sought information after receiving the genomic test results for T2DM; 80.8 % of those that did seek information turned to the Internet. Eighty‐eight percent of participants reported that they shared their T2DM risk results, primarily with their spouse/partner (65 %) and other family members (57 %) and children (19 %); 14 % reported sharing results with their health provider. Sharing was significantly increased in those who received results in‐person from the genetic counselor (p = 0.0001). Understanding patients’ interests and needs for additional information after genomic testing and with whom they share details of their health is important as more information and clinical services are available and accessed outside the clinician's office. Genetic counselors’ expertise and experience in creating educational materials and promoting sharing of genetic information can facilitate patient engagement and education.
His‐Purkinje system‐related incessant ventricular tachycardia arising from the left coronary cusp
Authors: Sato Eiji , Yagi Tetsuo , Namekawa Akio , Ishida Akihiko , Mibiki Yoshiaki , Yamashina Yoshihiro , Sato Hirokazu , Nakagawa Takashi , Sakuramoto Manjirou , Komatsu Jyuri , Yambe Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe describe the case of a 23‐year‐old woman who had His‐Purkinje system‐related incessant ventricular tachycardia with a narrow QRS configuration. The ventricular tachycardia was ablated successfully in the left coronary cusp where the earliest endocardial activation had been recorded. We hypothesize that a remnant of the subaortic conducting tissue was the source of the ventricular arrhythmias.
QUASIHOMOGENEOUS TOEPLITZ OPERATORS WITH INTEGRABLE SYMBOLS ON THE HARMONIC BERGMAN SPACE
Authors: DONG XING-TANG , LIU CONGWEN , ZHOU ZE-HUA 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we completely determine the commutativity of two Toeplitz operators on the harmonic Bergman space with integrable quasihomogeneous symbols, one of which is of the form $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}e^{ik\theta }r^{\, {m}}$. As an application, the problem of when their product is again a Toeplitz operator is solved. In particular, Toeplitz operators with bounded symbols on the harmonic Bergman space commute with $T_{e^{ik\theta }r^{\, {m}}}$ only in trivial cases, which appears quite different from results on analytic Bergman space in Čučković and Rao [‘Mellin transform, monomial symbols, and commuting Toeplitz operators’, J. Funct. Anal.154 (1998), 195–214].
Exploring the effects of galacto-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota of healthy adults receiving amoxicillin treatment
Authors: Ladirat S. E. , Schoterman M. H. C. , Rahaoui H. , Mars M. , Schuren F. H. J. , Gruppen H. , Nauta A. , Schols H. A. 
Published: June 2014

In the present double-blind, randomised, parallel intervention study, the effects of the intake of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on the gut microbiota of twelve healthy adult subjects (aged 18–45 years with a normal BMI (18–25 kg/m2)) receiving amoxicillin (AMX) treatment were determined. All the subjects were treated with AMX (375 mg; three times per d) for 5 d and given either GOS (n 6) or placebo (maltodextrin, n 6) (2·5 g; three times per d) during and 7 d after AMX treatment. Faecal samples were collected twice before starting the treatment and on days 2, 5, 8, 12, 19 and 26. Due to AMX treatment, a decrease in the abundance of Bifidobacterium spp., an overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae, and a disruption of the metabolic activity of the microbiota (increase in succinate, monosaccharide and oligosaccharide levels in the faecal samples) were observed in both groups (P< 0·05). Positive effects of GOS intake were observed on the levels of bifidobacteria, although not found to be significant. Data revealed that the levels of bifidobacteria were higher upon GOS intake than upon placebo intake, especially after AMX treatment. The activity of bifidobacteria and subsequent cross-feeding activity of the microbiota upon GOS intake compared with those upon placebo intake were reflected by the significant increase in butyrate levels (P< 0·05) in the faecal samples after AMX treatment. Despite the small number of subjects, our findings confirm previous results obtained in vitro, namely that GOS intake supports the recovery of the beneficial bifidobacteria and, indirectly, the production of butyrate after AMX treatment.
Evidence of cryptic speciation in mesostigmatid mites from South Africa
Authors: ENGELBRECHT ADRIAAN , MATTHEE CONRAD A. , UECKERMANN EDWARD A. , MATTHEE SONJA 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYLaelaps giganteusandLaelaps muricola(Mesostigmata; Laelapidae) are widespread and locally abundant host generalists on small mammals in southern Africa. The large host range and complex life history of these ectoparasites may allude to possible intraspecific cryptic diversity in these taxa. To assess genetic and morphological diversity inL. giganteusandL. muricola, we sampled 228 rodents at eight localities in South Africa. This sample included nine previously recorded host species and on these,L. muricolawas only recorded fromMastomys natalensisandMicaelamys namaquensiswhileL. giganteuswas found onRhabdomys dilectusandLemniscomys rosalia.Phylogenetic analyses of partial mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and nuclear ITS1 data strongly supported the recognition ofL. giganteusandL. muricola, a scenario partly supported by the Tropomyosin intron. Strong support for evolutionary distinct lineages withinL. giganteusis found:L. giganteuslineage 1 is confined toR. dilectusandL. giganteuslineage 2 is confined toL. rosalia. These host specific monophyletic lineages were also separated by 9·84% mtDNA sequence divergence and 3·44% nuclear DNA sequence divergence. Since quantitative morphometric analyses were not congruent with these findings, these two lineages more than likely represent cryptic species.
The gatekeeper residue and beyond: homologous calcium-dependent protein kinases as drug development targets for veterinarian Apicomplexa parasites
Authors: KEYLOUN KATELYN R. , REID MOLLY C. , CHOI RYAN , SONG YIFAN , FOX ANNA M. W. , HILLESLAND HEIDI K. , ZHANG ZHONGSHENG , VIDADALA RAMASUBBARAO , MERRITT ETHAN A. , LAU AUDREY O. T. , MALY DUSTIN J. , FAN ERKANG , BARRETT LYNN K. , VAN VOORHIS WESLEY C. , OJO KAYODE K. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYSpecific roles of individual CDPKs vary, but in general they mediate essential biological functions necessary for parasite survival. A comparative analysis of the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of Neospora caninum, Eimeria tenella and Babesia bovis calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) together with those of Plasmodium falciparum, Cryptosporidium parvum and Toxoplasma gondii was performed by screening against 333 bumped kinase inhibitors (BKIs). Structural modelling and experimental data revealed that residues other than the gatekeeper influence compound–protein interactions resulting in distinct sensitivity profiles. We subsequently defined potential amino-acid structural influences within the ATP-binding cavity for each orthologue necessary for consideration in the development of broad-spectrum apicomplexan CDPK inhibitors. Although the BKI library was developed for specific inhibition of glycine gatekeeper CDPKs combined with low inhibition of threonine gatekeeper human SRC kinase, some library compounds exhibit activity against serine- or threonine-containing CDPKs. Divergent BKI sensitivity of CDPK homologues could be explained on the basis of differences in the size and orientation of the hydrophobic pocket and specific variation at other amino-acid positions within the ATP-binding cavity. In particular, BbCDPK4 and PfCDPK1 are sensitive to a larger fraction of compounds than EtCDPK1 despite the presence of a threonine gatekeeper in all three CDPKs.
Do the ten Mohist theses represent Mozi's thought? Reading the masters with a focus on mottos
Authors: Defoort Carine 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn order to introduce Mozi's thought, almost every contemporary textbook on Chinese philosophy refers to his ten novel theses or dogmas, which have been preserved as the titles of the Core chapters (8–37): to elevate the worthy, to conform upward, to care for all, to condemn military aggression, to moderate expenses as well as burials, to acknowledge the will of Heaven and the percipient ghosts, and to condemn music as well as fatalism. Through a close reading of theMoziand other early sources written by or attributed to masters, this paper argues, first, that these ten core ideas may not have been promoted by the earliest spokesmen of Mohism but gradually emerged while various layers of the bookMoziwere written, and, second, that these ten ideas were not consistently attributed to early Mohism by Zhou and Han masters: their association of Mo with these specific mottos is limited and inconsistent. A focus on the most well-known motto – “care for all” – shows that there was no awareness of its belonging exclusively to one thinker or school. The difference between the earliest and the contemporary characterizations of Mozi sheds new light not only on early Mohism, but also on our preconceptions when reading early sources.
Approximate analytical solution for vibration of a 3-

P

RP planar parallel robot with flexible moving platform
Authors: Sharifnia Mahdi , Akbarzadeh Alireza 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYIn this research, using an approximate analytical method, vibration analysis of a 3-PRP (active prismatic—P, passive revolute—R, passive prismatic—P) planar parallel robot having a flexible moving platform is presented. A specific architecture of the 3-PRP parallel robot, also known as the ST (Star-Triangle) parallel robot, is considered. The moving platform of the robot, called the star, is assumed to be made of three flexible beams shaped like a star. For analytical modeling, each of the three beams of the star is assumed to be a discrete Euler–Bernoulli beam with a passive prismatic joint. Continuity equations at the center of the star are used to relate vibrations of the three beams. The vibration behavior of each beam is modeled using previously developed constrained motion equations for a planar Euler–Bernoulli beam having a prismatic joint. In this paper, previously presented “constrained assumed modes method” is further developed to solve the constrained motion equation for the ST parallel robot. The solution method is used to obtain the vibration of the robot for the inverse dynamics problem and simultaneously provides generalized constraint forces. Furthermore, the solution method can be used for the direct dynamics problem of the ST robot. Several input trajectories are considered to investigate the different behavior for the center of the star. For each of the trajectories, three different groups of mode shapes are considered and their vibrational responses are compared. In this research, for the first time, effects of the passive prismatic joint parameters such as mass, rotational moment of inertia, and its actual length are considered in an analytical model. Finally, the analytical solution and a FEM (Finite Element Method) software solution are compared.
Model development and boundary interaction force control of a piezoresistive-based microcantilever
Authors: Eslami Sohrab , Jalili Nader 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYRobots with micro- and nanoresolution of motion are becoming more practical and useful in many precision manufacturing processes and industries such as medical instruments and imaging tools. Apparently, the most important features of these devices are their precision and durability. As accuracy increases, more delicate tasks may be performed. Along this line, a spatial micromanipulator with three revolute–revolute–prismatic joints while equipped with nanometer motion resolution is considered here. At the end of the micromanipulator, a piezoresistive-based microcantilever operates as a force sensor to quantify the amount of the strain generated in the microcantilever and transduces it into a proper voltage for force sensing applications. In terms of the controller design, the value of the produced voltage can further be implemented as the feedback entering into the control loop and making the control unit to produce appropriate signals for manipulating the robot arm. A challenging and important problem is the need to control the applied boundary forces at the contact zone with external objects (specifically the biological samples). The ability to control the interaction force is of most interest today which has numerous applications in precision manufacturing and biomedical engineering. For this purpose, two types of controllers are presented here: a Lyapunov-based proportional-derivative (PD) controller and a robust adaptive (RA) controller. The performance and the stability of these two controllers are examined and discussed thoroughly in this paper so that it can be interpreted that the robust adaptive controller is robust under presence of uncertainties in force tracking control purposes.