bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional flow within shallow, narrow cavities
Authors: Crook Sarah D. , Lau Timothy C. W. , Kelso Richard M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe three-dimensional structure of incompressible flow in a narrow, open rectangular cavity in a flat plate was investigated with a focus on the flow topology of the time-averaged flow. The ratio of cavity length (in the direction of the flow) to width to depth was $l{: }w{: }d= 6{: }2{: }1$. Experimental surface pressure data (in air) and particle image velocimetry data (in water) were obtained at low speed with free-stream Reynolds numbers of ${\mathit{Re}}_{l} = 3. 4\times 1{0}^{5} $ in air and ${\mathit{Re}}_{l} = 4. 3\times 1{0}^{4} $ in water. The experimental results show that the three-dimensional cavity flow is of the ‘open’ type, with an overall flow structure that bears some similarity to the structure observed in nominally two-dimensional cavities, but with a high degree of three-dimensionality both in the flow near the walls and in the unsteady behaviour. The defining features of an open-type cavity flow include a shear layer that traverses the entire cavity opening ultimately impinging on the back surface of the cavity, and a large recirculation zone within the cavity itself. Other flow features that have been identified in the current study include two vortices at the back of the cavity, of which one is barely visible, a weak vortex at the front of the cavity, and a pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices along the sides of the cavity near the cavity opening. These vortices are generally symmetric about the cavity centre-plane. However, the discovery of a single tornado vortex, located near the cavity centreline at the front of the cavity, indicated that the flow within the cavity is asymmetric. It is postulated that the observed asymmetry in the time-averaged flow field is due to the asymmetry in the instantaneous flow field, which switches between two extremes at large time scales.
Understanding the elements and outcomes of executive wisdom: A strategic approach
Authors: Kolodinsky Robert W , Bierly Paul E 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to: (a) offer rationale for the importance of an increasingly important organizational management topic – the wisdom of top managers – what we callexecutive wisdom; (b) develop a theoretical framework for the construct, including core components and outcomes, and (c) provide implications for practice. The research in several related literatures is reviewed and synthesized to provide the foundation for the development of this theoretical framework. Applying the extant literature on wisdom to the specific context of a top-level business manager, we argue that there are four foundational characteristics of executive wisdom: (1) Knowledge, developed by prior learning and experience, (2) moral maturity, (3) reflective strategic decision-making, and (4) ability to manage uncertainty. Executives possessing such characteristics are: (a) able to make enlightened strategic judgments that are (b) implemented as principled actions. The effectiveness of such implementation is contingent upon, among other moderators, the executive's leadership skills. We view each of the characteristics as necessary but not sufficient to possess and benefit from executive wisdom. The principled actions undertaken by those possessing executive wisdom will, when compared to other executives, have a greater likelihood of leading to valued outcomes indicative of organizational effectiveness, including enhanced stakeholder trust and loyalty, reputational capital, and stronger financial and social performance. We believe that the main arguments developed in this paper will help improve managers’ understanding of how to become a wise executive and to realize the benefits of doing so. From a theory perspective, this paper adds to the growing body of literature in a new and increasingly valued area of research.
Pragmatic leadership: A return to wisdom
Authors: Ruwhiu Diane , Cone Malcolm 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTe Ao Māori, or the Māori world, locates Māori philosophy, ethics and knowledge (wisdom) in a central role, and is therefore foundational to Māori thinking and practice. In this article, we present an example of pragmatic leadership, using the epistemological and ontological space of kaupapa Māori, a perspective that represents practice guided by the wisdom of Te Ao Māori. To do so, we draw from narrative shared by 22 Māori practitioners involved in leadership roles in a wide range of organisations to illustrate key features of Māori leadership practice. We argue that this approach offers a unique contribution and deeper understanding to the contemporary and instrumental representation of pragmatic leadership. Such a perspective allows researchers to explore leadership practices, particularly those that may be heavily influenced by culturally specific behaviours. In regards to practitioners, it provides foundation for innovative leadership practices grounded on giving weight to more deeply contextualised processes and relations. The consequences are widespread not only for researchers and practitioners of leadership, but also for a perception of indigenous leadership that is true to the indigenous logics in which they are grounded and reflective of good practice.
IDADA: The individual difference approach to assessing and developing diversity awareness
Authors: Härtel Charmine E J , Härtel Günter F , Trumble Rick B 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper outlines a new approach to cultural awareness training, the Individual Differences Approach to Diversity Awareness (IDADA). IDADA is distinguished from other approaches in three ways: (a) it eliminates the need to characterise cultures, (b) it addresses unfair discrimination of any kind (e.g., weight, height, attractiveness), (c) it teaches employees to become aware of how their attitudes affect organisational performance, and (d) it focuses on job requirements. Initial evidence supports the validity of the model. The paper also introduces a new measure of diversity-openness called the Ideal Employee Inventory. Preliminary reliability and validity evidence for the measure is provided.
Detecting and responding constructively to transference in the workplace
Authors: Bernstein Seth David 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBoth managers and the staff they supervise bring unconscious and unresolved personal issues into their relationships in the workplace. This phenomenon is called ‘transference’. Transference generally interferes with the positive working relationships that are essential to achieving organizational objectives. This article provides a conceptual framework for differentiating transference from other complex emotional interactions that can occur in the workplace as well as a set of clear action steps for how the manager can respond to transference constructively. Examples of both staff and manager transference are presented to illustrate how managers can detect and then respond effectively to transference. It is noted that managers are not psychotherapists; knowledge about transference should therefore be used with caution. It is a manager's job is to help staff to succeed with their work, not to help them resolve personal problems.
Gender differences and behavioral integrity: From a social contract perspective
Authors: Huang Heh Jason , Hung Yishuo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBehavioral integrity refers to the consistency of an individual's words and actions. This consistency facilitates trust. Nevertheless, an individual's behavioral integrity often changes, to various extents, with one's surroundings. This study employs social contracts and scenarios to examine the underlying behavioral assumptions made by a specific gender within definite contexts in Taiwan. This study demonstrates that gender differences exist in behavioral integrity with contextual variations. Males under conformity pressures in public possess higher behavioral integrity, but exhibit lower behavioral integrity in private under pressure to protect themselves. This knowledge helps improve understanding within organizations as well as workplace communication between genders.
Anti-mouse CD52 monoclonal antibody ameliorates iron-deficient anaemia in IL-10 knockout mice
Authors: Wang Honggang , Dong Jianning , Zuo Lugen , Liu Jianhui , Zhu Weiming , Li Yi , Gu Lili , Zhao Jie , Zhang Liang , Gong Jianfeng , Zhang Wei , Li Ning , Li Jieshou 
Published: October 2013

Approximately 50 % of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer from anaemia, with Fe deficiency being the most common cause. CD52 monoclonal antibody (mAb) targets the cell surface CD52 and is effective in depleting lymphocytes through cytolytic effects in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of anti-mouse CD52 mAb on Fe-deficient anaemia in IBD. IL-10 knockout mice (IL-10− / −) of 12 weeks with established colitis were treated with anti-mouse CD52 mAb once per week for 2 weeks. Severity of colitis, blood T lymphocytes, blood Hb, haematocrit, plasma erythropoietin (EPO), serum Fe concentration, transferrin saturation, splenic Fe stores, expression of liver hepcidin mRNA, Western blotting of the phosphorylated form of Smad1/5/8 and total Smad1 were measured at the end of the experiment. IL-10− / − mice treated with CD52 mAb showed a reduction in the percentage of CD4+ and CD4+CD45+ T cells in blood and weight loss typically associated with colonic inflammation, serum levels of EPO, the expression of liver hepcidin mRNA and total Smad1 protein, while they showed an increase in Hb concentrations, haematocrit, levels of serum Fe, transferrin saturation and splenic Fe stores. The present results indicated that anti-CD52 therapy may ameliorate Fe-deficient anaemia by reducing colonic inflammation. These findings may open novel horizons in the treatment of patients with IBD by resetting of immunological homeostasis in the gut by depleting the activated T cells in the gut mucosa.
Symbolic power in European diplomacy: the struggle between national foreign services and the EU's External Action Service
Authors: Adler-Nissen Rebecca 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNational diplomacy is challenged by the rise of non-state actors from transnational companies to non-governmental organisations. In trying to explain these challenges, scholars tend to either focus on a specific new actor or argue that states will remain the dominant diplomatic players. This article develops an alternative Bourdieu-inspired framework addressing symbolic power. It conceptualises diplomacy in terms of a social field with agents (field incumbents and newcomers alike) who co-construct and reproduce the field by struggling for dominant positions. The framework is applied to the EU's new diplomatic service (the European External Action Service, EEAS), which is one of the most important foreign policy inventions in Europe to date. I show that the EEAS does not challenge national diplomacy in a material sense – but at a symbolic level. The EEAS questions the state's meta-capital, that is, its monopoly of symbolic power and this explains the counter-strategies adopted by national foreign services. The struggles to define the ‘genuine’ diplomat reveal a rupture in the European diplomatic field, pointing towards a transformation of European statehood and the emergence of a hybrid form of diplomacy. A focus on symbolic power opens up new avenues for the study of transformations of authority in world politics.
The ‘re-turn’ to empire in IR: colonial knowledge communities and the construction of the idea of the Afghan polity, 1809–38
Authors: BAYLY MARTIN J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article seeks to add to the exploration and development of Imperial History's contribution to the discipline of International Relations (IR). Focusing on British perceptions of Afghanistan in the period preceding the first Anglo-Afghan war the article considers colonial knowledge as a source of identity construction, but in a manner that avoids deploying anachronistic concepts, in this case that of the Afghan ‘state’. This approach, which draws on the insights brought to IR by historical sociology, shows that engaging with Imperial History within IR can encourage a more reflexive attitude to core disciplinary categories. This not only reveals alternative approaches to the construction of specific political communities but it also allows for a more historicist mode in the use of history by IR as a discipline. Furthermore, by moving away from material based purely on diplomatic history, Afghanistan's imperial encounter can be recovered from the dominance of ‘Great Game’ narratives, offering an account that is more appreciative of the Afghanistan context.
Emotional (security) communities: the significance of emotion norms in inter-allied conflict management
Authors: KOSCHUT SIMON 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhat doAl-Qaeda, Human Rights Watch, and NATO have in common? They can all be understood as emotional communities. Emotional communities are ‘groups in which people adhere to the same norms of emotional expression and value – or devalue – the same or related emotions’. This article develops a conceptual framework for a particular type of emotional community in world politics: a security community. It is argued that emotion norms – the expression of appropriate emotions in a given situation – stabilise a security community during inter-allied conflict. The argument is illustrated by an empirical case study of NATO's military intervention in Libya in 2011. The article shows how the conceptualisation of security communities as emotional communities has significant implications for the study of regional peace and security.
Domestic legitimacy politics and varieties of regionalism in East Asia
Authors: CHO IL HYUN , PARK SEO-HYUN 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhat drives East Asian regionalism? The rise of China and the perceived decline in the influence of the United States have sparked debates about the future of the regional order, including the yet-unresolved question of whose leadership is likely to be more stable and accepted as legitimate by other regional actors. What is puzzling, however, is that persistent demands for the formation of a coherent and uniquely East Asian regional institution have come not from China or the US, as is the focus of existing studies, but rather Japan and South Korea. In this article, we propose an alternative framework that conceptualises the varieties of East Asian regionalism, emphasising the multiple pivots and variegated levels of politics involved in efforts toward regional cooperation. We find that competing proposals for East Asian regionalism since the 1990s are not determined by structural pressures or the convergence of interests but rather result from domestic legitimacy politics. Japanese and Korean leaders have, at different time periods, proposed their own alternative region-making initiatives appealing to domestically contested views on how best to seek autonomy from the region's Great Powers as a way to enhance their political standing domestically and regionally.
Crystal Data for Two Molybdates MIV (MoO4)2 With MIV = Zr, Hf
Authors: Auray M. , Quarton M. , Tarte P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTwo molybdates MIV (MoO4)2 (with MIV = Hf or Zr) were synthesized by solid state reaction between MIVO2 and MoO3. Zirconium molybdate undergoes a reversible phase transition at 952 K.Hf(MoO4)2 and H.T. Zr(MoQ4)2, obtained as single crystals, are trigonal, space group with Z = 6; the cell dimensions are respectively a = 10.1005(3), c = 11.7230(5)Å; V = 1035.76(11)Å3; Dm(298 K) = 4.78(4), Dx = 4.792 Mg m−3 and a = 10.1409(3), c = 11.7097(5)Å; V = 1042.88(11)Å3; Dm (298 K) = 3.91(4), Dx = 3.926 Mg m−3.L.T. Zr(MoO4)2, indexed by the Visser automatic indexing program (1969) was found to be monoclinic, possible space group P2, P21 or Pm with Z = 4; the cell dimensions are a = 9.7557(5), b = 7.9373(5), c = 7.4631(4)Å, β = 97.959°(5); V = 572.3(5)Å Dm(298 K) = 4.74(5), Dx = 4.770 Mg m−3. Powder diffraction data were obtained at 293 K on a counter diffractometer with Ni-filtered copper radiation ( = 1.5418 Å).
Crystal structure of a birefringent andradite–grossular from Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Antao Sytle M. , Klincker Allison M. 
Published: October 2013

The structure of a birefringent andradite–grossular sample was refined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCD) and synchrotron high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction (HRPXRD) data. Electron-microprobe results indicate a homogeneous composition of {Ca2.88Mn2+0.06Mg0.04Fe2+0.03}Σ3[Fe3+1.29Al0.49Ti4+0.17Fe2+0.06]Σ2(Si2.89Al0.11)Σ3O12. The Rietveld refinement reducedχ2 = 1.384 and overallR(F2) = 0.0315. The HRPXRD data show that the sample contains three phases. For phase-1, the weight %, unit-cell parameter (Å), distances (Å), and site occupancy factor (sof) are 62.85(7)%,a = 12.000 06(2), average <Ca–O> = 2.4196, Fe–O = 1.9882(5), Si–O = 1.6542(6) Å, Ca(sof) = 0.970(2), Fe(sof) = 0.763(1), and Si(sof) = 0.954(2). The corresponding data for phase-2 are 19.14(9)%,a = 12.049 51(2), average <Ca–O> = 2.427, Fe–O = 1.999(1), Si–O = 1.665(1) Å, Ca(sof) = 0.928(4), Fe(sof) = 0.825(3), and Si(sof) = 0.964(4). The corresponding data for phase-3 are 18.01(9)%,a = 12.019 68(3), average <Ca–O> = 2.424, Fe–O = 1.992(2), Si–O = 1.658(2) Å, Ca(sof) = 0.896(5), Fe(sof) = 0.754(4), and Si(sof) = 0.936(5). The fine-scale coexistence of the three phases causes strain that arises from the unit-cell and bond distances differences, and gives rise to strain-induced birefringence. The results from the SCD are similar to the dominant phase-1 obtained by the HRPXRD, but the SCD misses the minor phases.
Population Psychiatric Medication Prescription Rates following a Terrorist Attack
Authors: DiMaggio Charles , Galea Sandro , Madrid Paula A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroduction:While several population-based studies have documented behavioral health disturbances following terrorist attacks, a number of mental health service utilization analyses present conflicting conclusions.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine if mental health service utilization increased following a terrorist attack by assessing changes in psychoactive drug prescription rates.Methods:The rate of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) prescriptions was measured among New York State Medicaid enrollees before and after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. The association between geographic proximity to the events and changes in the rate of SSRI prescriptions around 11 September 2001 was assessed.Results:From September to December 2001, among individuals residing within three miles of the World Trade Center site, there was an 18.2% increase in the SSRI prescription rate compared to the previous eight-month period (p= 0.0011). While there was a 9.3% increase for non-New York City residents, this change was not statistically significant (p= 0.74).Conclusions:There was a quantifiable increase in the dispensing of psychoactive drugs following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, and this effect varied by geographic proximity to the events. These findings build on the growing body of knowledge on the pervasive effects of disasters and terrorist events for population health, and demonstrate the need to include mental and behavioral health as key components of surge capacity and public health response to mass traumas.
Evaluation of Medical Command and Control Using Performance Indicators in a Full-Scale, Major Aircraft Accident Exercise
Authors: Gryth Dan , Rådestad Monica , Nilsson Heléne , Nerf Ola , Svensson Leif , Castrén Maaret , Rüter Anders 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntrodution:Large, functional, disaster exercises are expensive to plan and execute, and often are difficult to evaluate objectively. Command and control in disaster medicine organizations can benefit from objective results from disaster exercises to identify areas that must be improved.Objective:The objective of this pilot study was to examine if it is possible to use performance indicators for documentation and evaluation of medical command and control in a full-scale major incident exercise at two levels: (1) local level (scene of the incident and hospital); and (2) strategic level of command and control. Staff procedure skills also were evaluated.Methods:Trained observers were placed in each of the three command and control locations. These observers recorded and scored the performance of command and control using templates of performance indicators. The observers scored the level of performance by awarding 2, 1, or 0 points according to the template and evaluated content and timing of decisions. Results from 11 performance indicators were recorded at each template and scores >11 were considered as acceptable.Results:Prehospital command and control had the lowest score. This also was expressed by problems at the scene of the incident. The scores in management and staff skills were at the strategic level 15 and 17, respectively; and at the hospital level, 17 and 21, respectively.Conclusions:It is possible to use performance indicators in a full-scale, major incident exercise for evaluation of medical command and control. The results could be used to compare similar exercises and evaluate real incidents in the future.
Paramedic Intercepts with Basic Life Support Ambulance Services in Rural Minnesota
Authors: Myers Lucas A. , Russi Christopher S. , Schultz Jeffery L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroduction:In rural Minnesota, it is common for paramedics providing advanced life support (ALS) to rendezvous with ambulances providing only basic life support (BLS). These “intercepts” presumably allow for a higher level of care when patients have certain problems or need ALS interventions. The aim of this study was to review and understand the frequency of para-medic intercepts with regard to the actual care rendered and transport urgency (lights and sirens vs. none).Methods:All paramedic intercepts occurring between January 2003 and December 2007 for one multi-site emergency medical services (EMS) provider were reviewed for ALS interventions and treatments provided. In addition, the urgency of responses to the dispatch call or “intercept” and transport to a receiving facility were analyzed.Results:During the study period, 1,675 paramedic intercepts occurred and were reviewed. The ALS ambulances responded to the dispatch emergently (lights and sirens) in 97.5% of intercepts (1,633), but emergently transported only 24.2% of the patients (405). Paramedics performed no interventions above BLS levels in 11.6% (194) of the cases. Of the remaining 1,481 patients who received ALS interventions, 955 (64.4%) received no treatment or diagnostic testing other than electrocardiographic monitoring, intravenous access, or both.Conclusions:A significant discrepancy between emergent responses and actual ALS care rendered during intercept calls was demonstrated. Given the significant rate of EMS worker fatalities and transferable patient care costs, further study is needed to determine whether costs and safety are potentially improved by decreasing emergent responses. Future directions include developing or emulating Medical Priority Dispatch System triage protocols for advanced services providing intercepts. In addition, further study of patient outcomes between intercept and non-intercept cases is necessary.