bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of the ecology of stigma experiences - An application of the ecological model to stigma experiences of trans-women from Ghana. BSGH019
Authors: Shamrock Osman Wumpini , Guure Chris , Reeves Jacquetta , Ni Zhao , Turner DeAnne , Haruna Aliyu , Nimako Isaac Gyasi , Leblanc Natalie , Wilton Leo , Abu-Ba’are Gamji Rabiu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Trans-women in Ghana experience stigma from institutions, social groups, and individuals. Yet, studies are needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the nature of stigma experienced by trans-women, especially in Ghana and West Africa. This study employs an ecological model to qualitatively explore the ecology of stigma experiences of trans-women living in urban slums in Accra, Ghana (N=20). Findings revealed stigma across various ecological levels. At the public policy level, the LGBTQ+ bill emerged as a key driver of stigma. Various subcategories related to this bill included: (a) Restricted freedoms of expression and isolation from harm, (b) LGBTQ+ bill potential for facilitating violence, and (c) fear of arrest and jail time. At the institutional level, trans-women encountered stigma in three areas. The first was in the healthcare sector involving Rude/unwelcoming gestures and behaviors. The second was from law enforcement officers and included (a) harassing attitudes from law officers, and (b) extortion. Community-level stigma encompassed: (a) insults, name-calling, (b) possible harm from gender expression, and (c) fear of attacks. At the interpersonal level, Trans-women experienced: (a) invasion of privacy, (b) leaving home due to safety, (c) threat of bodily harm, and (d) rejection. At the individual/self-stigma level, trans-women experienced (a) self-doubt and internal struggles, and (b) sense of regret and guilt. Findings highlight the unique experiences and pervasive and multi-layered stigma faced by trans-women across different levels of society. Addressing stigma experiences requires a multi-tiered approach that tackles issues from public policy to individual self-acceptance.
Maintaining groundwater collection over the rainy season with water ATM price reductions: a study in Kitui County, Kenya
Authors: Ingram Will , Nyaga Cliff , Mugo Peter , Kavata Annah , Gannon Kate , Thomson Patrick 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Rainy seasons across rural sub-Saharan Africa see a dramatic reduction in the collection of groundwater from water points, exposing communities to health risks and reducing sustainability of service providers. Kenyan water service provider FundiFix operates water points in dispersed rural communities in semi-arid Kitui County and sees five to ten times less water collected, and revenues close to zero, during rainy seasons. Water ATMs record precise volumes of water dispensed and allow for timely price changes. It was hypothesised that reducing price from 3 KES to 1 KES per jerrycan would cheaply maintain clean water collection and possibly increase revenue. FundiFix tested this intervention over the March-April-May 2023 rainy season at three water ATM piped schemes and communicated the price reduction to users, with a fourth control unchanged. This did little to nothing to maintain the collection of water at dry season levels. This shows other practitioners that to address the seasonality challenge price reductions need to be combined with deeper understanding of user behaviour, which requires further study. This study only cost 100 USD in lost revenue from reduced price. Implications for practitioners are outlined. Conditional transfers of water credit to users, rather than price reductions, are discussed.
High-throughput Sequencing Reveals that BCR and TCR Repertoires as Potential Prognostic Biomarkers for Pediatric Patients with B-ALL
Authors: Li Fu , Yang Xiaomei , Wang Xiuxiu , Mi Jiajia , Mou Xiao , Song Li , Zheng Libo 
Published: August 2024

Background:
B-ALL is a hematologic malignancy that recurs in approximately
10-20% of children and has a poor prognosis. New prognostic biomarkers are needed to improve
individualized therapy and achieve better clinical outcomes.

Methods:
In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect the BCR and
TCR repertoires in children with B-ALL.

Results:
We observed a gradual increase in the diversity of the BCR and TCR repertoires during
the developmental stages (Pro-, Common-, Pre-B-ALL) of precursor B-ALL cells. Conversely, as
minimal residual disease (MRD) levels on day 19 of induction therapy increased, the BCR/TCR
repertoire diversity decreased. Furthermore, the BCR/TCR repertoire diversity was significantly
greater in B-ALL patients at low risk and those harboring the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion than in patients
with medium-risk disease and those harboring the ZNF384 fusion. Notably, the abundance
of BCR/TCR clones varied significantly among patients with B-ALL and different clinical characteristics.
Specifically, patients with Pre-B-ALL, low-risk disease, D19MRD levels <1%, and harboring
the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion exhibited a predominance of BCR/TCR small clones. In our
study, we noted an imbalanced occurrence of V and J gene utilization among patients with BALL;
however, there seemed to be no discernible correlation with the clinical attributes.

Conclusion:
BCR/TCR repertoires are expected to be potential prognostic biomarkers for patients
with B-ALL.
Phytovesicular Nanoconstructs for Advanced Delivery of Medicinal Metabolites: An In-Depth Review
Authors: Pandey Vishal , Rathee Sunny , Sen Debasis , Jain Sanjay K. , Patil Umesh K. 
Published: August 2024

:
Phytochemicals, the bioactive compounds in plants, possess therapeutic benefits, such
as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and pharmacological activities. However, their clinical use is often
hindered by poor bioavailability and stability. Phytosome technology enhances the absorption and
efficacy of these compounds by integrating vesicular systems like liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes,
and ethosomes. Phytosomes offer diverse biological benefits, including cardiovascular protection
through improved endothelial function and oxidative stress reduction. They enhance cognitive
function and protect against neurodegenerative diseases in the nervous system, aid digestion
and reduce inflammation in the gastrointestinal system, and provide hepatoprotective effects by enhancing
liver detoxification and protection against toxins. In the genitourinary system, phytosomes
improve renal function and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. They also modulate the
immune system by enhancing immune responses and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
Additionally, phytosomes promote skin health by protecting against UV radiation and improving
hydration and elasticity. Recent patented phytosome technologies have led to innovative formulations
that improve the stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of phytochemicals, although
commercialization challenges like manufacturing scalability and regulatory hurdles remain.
Secondary metabolites from natural products are classified into primary and secondary
metabolites, with a significant focus on terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and nitrogen-containing
compounds. These metabolites have notable biological activities: antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibiotic,
antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In summary, this review amalgamates
the latest advancements in phytosome technology and secondary metabolite research, presenting a
holistic view of their potential to advance therapeutic interventions and contribute to the ever-evolving
landscape of natural product-based medicine.
Phosphofructokinase-1 in Cancer: A Promising Target for Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Ishaq Ali Raza , Younis Tahira , Lin Shankun , Usman Muhammad , Wang Tingfang , Chen Zhe-Sheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Tumor cells have distorted enzymatic houses, which change the metabolic state from
oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis with high lactate levels in a hypoxic environment. Redrafting
the metabolic profile is an emerging hallmark of cancer. Glycolytic enzyme amplification
occurs in about 70% of all malignancies. Current studies have found that PFK-1 overexpression
is linked to cell migration, proliferation, and Overall Survival (OS) rate in various human
cancer cell lines. This review intended to uncover the bona fide therapeutic target for cancer
therapy and elucidate the role of PFK-1 in cancer. Furthermore, this review has outlined the
listed pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of PFK-1. Following this review, future studies on
PFK-1 should emphasize the molecular pathways implicated in PFK-1 overexpression in cancer
development. The terms "PFK-1", "PFKP-1", "PFKL-1", "PFKM-1", "PFKM-1 and cancer",
"PFKP-1 and cancer", "PFKL-1 and cancer", and "inhibitors of PFK-1" were used to retrieve
the information from a variety of databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and
ScienceDirect. In a variety of malignancies, inhibiting the expression of PFK-1 isoforms has
been reported to be the most effective therapeutic method. Overexpression of PFK-1 isoforms
induces the Warburg effect, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis by downregulating apoptotic
proteins, such as active caspase-3, caspase-9, and caspase-8. YY1, synoviolin, Sh-RNA-507,
SNAI, miR-520a/b/e, miR-128, and β-miR-6517 are some of the putative genetic inhibitors
against PFK-1 that have been used to manage the development of malignancies. Pharmacological
inhibitors, such as penfluridol, synoviolin/HRD1, quercetin, ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3, triptolide,
worenine, acetylsalicylic acid, and salicylic acid, can regulate the advancement of malignancies
by inhibiting PFK-1. Thus, PFK-1 is a promising molecular biomarker for cancer treatment.
A prospective investigation can validate the unbiased approaches for discovering brandnew
PFK-1 inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Electrodeposition of Sacrificial Layer, Al2O3/ZnTPP film, onto NiTi Orthodontic Wire: Surface Characterizations and Electrochemical Investigations
Authors: Venkateshwaran Venkatraman , Sridharan Gokul , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Sundramoorthy Ashok K. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
NiTi (nickel-titanium) alloy wires are widely used in orthodontics due to
their unique properties, such as shape memory and superelasticity. However, these wires can be susceptible
to corrosion in the oral environment, which can compromise their mechanical performance
and longevity. Zinc tetraphenyl porphyrin (ZnTPP) is a corrosion inhibitor that forms a protective
layer on the aluminum oxide (Al2O3) surface, acting as a barrier against corrosive agents.

Objective:
The electrodeposition of a sacrificial layer of Al2O3 with ZnTPP was carried out onto Ni-
Ti orthodontic wire to enhance the corrosion resistance.

Methods:
10 mM aluminum nitrate was dissolved in 10 mL of 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution
(PBS), which was used as an electrolyte. Firstly, electrodeposition of Al2O3 on NiTi wire was carried
out by using cyclic voltammetry by potential scanning between 0 and -2.0 V at a scan rate of 50
mV/s for 50 cycles. Secondly, 10 mL of 1 mM ZnTPP in 0.1 M PBS and ethanol (1:1) was prepared
and used as an electrolyte. Electrodeposition of ZnTPP onto Al2O3/NiTi wire was achieved by cyclic
voltammetry through the potential window of 0 to -2.0 V at a scan rate of 50 mV/s for 50 cycles.

Results:
The ZnTPP/Al2O3/NiTi wire displayed a potentiodynamic polarization resistance of 412931
Ω, with high stability compared to the bare NiTi wire (396421 Ω). Additionally, the corrosion rate
for the ZnTPP/Al2O3/NiTi wire was measured as 0.254 mm/year, which was notably lower than that
of the bare NiTi wire (0.540 mm/year). This decrease in corrosion rate can be attributed to the presence
of the ZnTPP/Al2O3 film, which renders the NiTi wire electrically insulative and significantly
increases its impedance compared to the bare NiTi wire.

Conclusion:
The bilayer coating of Al2O3 and ZnTPP has proven to significantly improve the corrosion
resistance and stability of the wires. Thus, these materials can be considered for coating orthodontic
archwires with improved corrosion stability.
Light-Weighted Dynamic Encryption Decryption Algorithm (DEnDecA) for Internet of Things
Authors: Kalsi Jasvir Singh , Ubhi Jagpal Singh , Raju Kota Solomon 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
A recent boom in the development of IoT-enabled products has accelerated
data transmission from end clients to cloud services and vice versa. Being resource-constrained,
IoT devices have lower computational support, especially at IoT end nodes; hence, the probability
of data breach has also increased to a greater extent.

Methods:
A lightweight security algorithm for the Internet of Things (IoT) is a matter of concern
for data security and integrity. IoT nodes transmit the data into small chunks and are vulnerable to
attacks, such as probing attacks. In this study, a new approach of algorithm hopping using dynamic
switching of encryption algorithm has been proposed.

Results:
Dynamic Encryption Decryption Algorithm (DEnDecA) proves to be a lightweight choice
of encryption by providing high-security shielding over less secure algorithms by their dynamic selection
without any human interaction or interface. The hopping has been implemented using
MATLAB along with AES-32, AES-64, and AES-128.

Conclusion:
The results show only 8-bit data overhead and 2ms to 8ms additional time for encryption/
decryption for data ranging from 1KB to 1MB for AES-128, AES-64, and AES-32 algorithms
Enhancing Suicide Risk Prediction With Polygenic Scores in Psychiatric Emergency Settings: Prospective Study
Authors: Lee Younga Heather , Zhang Yingzhe , Kennedy Chris J , Mallard Travis T , Liu Zhaowen , Vu Phuong Linh , Feng Yen-Chen Anne , Ge Tian , Petukhova Maria V , Kessler Ronald C , Nock Matthew K , Smoller Jordan W 
Published: August 2024

Background
Despite growing interest in the clinical translation of polygenic risk scores (PRSs), it remains uncertain to what extent genomic information can enhance the prediction of psychiatric outcomes beyond the data collected during clinical visits alone.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of incorporating PRSs into a suicide risk prediction model trained on electronic health records (EHRs) and patient-reported surveys among patients admitted to the emergency department.

Methods
Study participants were recruited from the psychiatric emergency department at Massachusetts General Hospital. There were 333 adult patients of European ancestry who had high-quality genotype data available through their participation in the Mass General Brigham Biobank. Multiple neuropsychiatric PRSs were added to a previously validated suicide prediction model in a prospective cohort enrolled between February 4, 2015, and March 13, 2017. Data analysis was performed from July 11, 2022, to August 31, 2023. Suicide attempt was defined using diagnostic codes from longitudinal EHRs combined with 6-month follow-up surveys. The clinical risk score for suicide attempt was calculated from an ensemble model trained using an EHR-based suicide risk score and a brief survey, and it was subsequently used to define the baseline model. We generated PRSs for depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, suicide attempt, and externalizing traits using a Bayesian polygenic scoring method for European ancestry participants. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operator curve (AUC), area under the precision-recall curve, and positive predictive values.

Results
Of the 333 patients (n=178, 53.5% male; mean age 36.8, SD 13.6 years; n=333, 100% non-Hispanic and n=324, 97.3% self-reported White), 28 (8.4%) had a suicide attempt within 6 months. Adding either the schizophrenia PRS or all PRSs to the baseline model resulted in the numerically highest discrimination (AUC 0.86, 95% CI 0.73-0.99) compared to the baseline model (AUC 0.84, 95% Cl 0.70-0.98). However, the improvement in model performance was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
In this study, incorporating genomic information into clinical prediction models for suicide attempt did not improve patient risk stratification. Larger studies that include more diverse participants are required to validate whether the inclusion of psychiatric PRSs in clinical prediction models can enhance the stratification of patients at risk of suicide attempts.
The Role of Duodenogastroesophageal Reflux in the Progression of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: From Esophagitis to Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Storonova O. A. , Paraskevova A. V. , Makushina A. A. 
Published: August 2024

Aim: to present data on the role of bile acids in the progression of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and the development of esophageal dysplasia and adenocarcinoma and to provide a rationale for the use of ursodeoxycholic acid in addition to basic therapy in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Key points. The prevalence of GERD in the world is 13.98 %. In the absence of the necessary treatment or non-compliance with the recommended regimens and duration of drug use, complications of GERD develop such as stricture, bleeding, BE, which, in turn, is a risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The basic therapy for GERD is proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), but up to 40 % of patients do not fully respond to PPI monotherapy, which indicates the need to consider, among the factors in the pathogenesis of GERD, the persistence of weakly acidic and weakly alkaline refluxes, the presence of which can be diagnosed by performing 24-hour impedance-pH monitoring. It has been proven that refluxate is predominantly acidic in nature in 50 % of patients with GERD, acidic with a bile component in 39.7 %, and 10.3 % of patients have bile reflux. The weaklly alkaline nature of reflux, due to the presence of duodenal contents, significantly increases the incidence of intestinal metaplasia with dysplasia and EAC compared to acidic pH values. Therefore, stopping duodenal reflux may be an important step in preventing the development of EAC. Among the components of duodenal contents that have a damaging effect on the mucous membrane of the esophagus, the role of bile acids has been most studied. The presence of hydrophobic bile acids, namely deoxycholic acid (DCA), is associated with oxidative DNA damage in lesions of intestinal-type columnar cell metaplasia. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a hydrophilic bile acid, is a natural competitive inhibitor of DCA and prevents DNA damage and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation caused by toxic bile acids in BE epithelial cells. The cytoprotective effect of UDCA, aimed at preventing DNA damage and increasing the reparative capacity of cells in the metaplastic epithelium of the BE, allows us to consider this drug as a means of chemoprophylaxis in patients diagnosed with GERD.Conclusion. The addition of UDCA drugs to the basic therapy is pathogenetically justified in patients with GERD in the presence of duodenogastroesophageal reflux. Prescribing complex therapy will reduce the incidence of esophagitis, progression of BE with the development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma caused by exposure to bile acids.
Leveraging ChatGPT for Enhancing the Internal Audit Process—A Real-World Example from Uniper, a Large Multinational Company
Authors: Emett Scott , Eulerich Marc , Lipinski Egemen , Prien Nicolo , Wood David A. 
Published: August 2024

SYNOPSIS
We discuss how the internal audit function (IAF) of a large multinational energy company, Uniper, is using ChatGPT to enhance internal auditing tasks. We investigate the benefits and challenges of integrating ChatGPT into internal audit processes and assess internal auditors’ perception of the impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of the IAF. Uniper has implemented ChatGPT into audit preparation, fieldwork, and audit reporting tasks. Based on initial tests, the IAF estimates efficiency gains ranging from 50 to 80 percent for various processes. We report key risks and challenges associated with using ChatGPT in internal auditing and identify key practices and rules adopted by Uniper for using ChatGPT. This study should help practitioners learn how ChatGPT can aid in auditing and help inform researchers about this emerging technology.
Integrating Process Mining and Machine Learning for Advanced Internal Control Evaluation in Auditing
Authors: Duan Huijue Kelly , Vasarhelyi Miklos A. , Codesso Mauricio 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
This study proposes an internal control evaluation model that incorporates process mining and machine learning into audit procedures. The model consists of four components: process mining analysis, rule-based variant analysis, control risk assessment, and anomaly detection. It utilizes process mining to uncover transactions that deviate from normative process flows, assesses the underlying associated controls with these deviations, and applies machine learning algorithms to supply a quantitative measure at a transactional level to determine highly anomalous areas. Using a real-world dataset for demonstration, the model identifies control weaknesses and missing controls, and directs the investigation toward high-risk control areas. This study contributes to the literature on the application of emerging technologies in accounting and auditing and aims to generate practical implications.
Effect of Bleaching Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of the Dentin Matrix and on Collagen Biodegradation by Endogenous Protease
Authors: Junquera LB , Carlos NR , Otsuki M , Basting RT 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY
This study evaluated the mechanical properties of demineralized dentin matrix submitted to different bleaching treatments, as well as the changes in mass and collagen biodegradation brought about by endogenous protease. Dentin collagen matrices were prepared to receive the following treatments (n=12): no bleaching treatment (C–control), 10% carbamide peroxide (CP–Opalescence PF, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA) 10%/8 hours/ day/14 days, and 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP–Opalescence Boost, Ultradent), 40 minutes per session/3 sessions. The dentin matrices were evaluated for elastic modulus and mass before and after treatments and ultimate tensile strength after treatments. The solution collected during storage was evaluated for hydroxyproline release. There was no statistically significant difference between CP and C in terms of the elastic modulus (p=0.3697) or mass variation (p=0.1333). Dentin beams treated with HP and C presented significant mass loss after the first session (p=0.0003). HP treatment led to complete degradation of collagen matrices after the second bleaching session. After the second session, CP showed higher hydroxyproline concentration than C (p&lt;0.0001). Ultimate tensile strength was lower for CP than C (p=0.0097). CP did not affect the elastic modulus or the dentin collagen matrix mass but did promote hydroxyproline release by endogenous protease and reduce the ultimate tensile strength. HP significantly affected the mechanical properties of dentin and promoted complete degradation of the demineralized dentin collagen matrix.