bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological reactions related to fetal magnetic resonance imaging: a follow-up study
Authors: Leithner Katharina , Prayer Daniela , Porstner Eva , Kapusta Nestor D. , Stammler-Safar Maria , Krampl-Bettelheim Elisabeth , Hilger Eva 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Aims: To assess the women’s retrospective perception of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Thirty-six women were investigated 1 year after fetal MRI. Data was acquired by telephone interviews and standardised rating scales (i.e., Postscan Imaging Distress Questionnaire, mood and anxiety scales).

Results: In retrospect, most women felt that fetal MRI was associated with marked psychological distress, notably with significant greater distress than at the time of the actual investigation. In total, 55.6% of the women rated at least one aspect of fetal MRI as “not tolerable” at follow-up. These findings were irrespective of the affective status and of the outcome of the pregnancy. Yet, MRI was rated as “the most important” investigation during the prenatal period by 69.4% of subjects, and 80.6% felt that they had sufficiently been informed about the MRI findings.

Conclusions: The acceptance of fetal MRI was found to be very high; however, fetal MRI is linked with marked psychological distress, which was still present – and in many cases even stronger – 1 year after the investigation. These data highlight the importance of sufficient information about fetal MRI and the necessity of adequate emotional support in this emotional vulnerable patient sample.
Simulation and modeling of carbon nanotube synthesis: current trends and investigations
Authors: Raji Kochandra , Sobhan Choondal B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA review of significant investigations reported on simulating the nucleation and growth processes of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using different modeling techniques is presented here. Special emphasis is given to the chemical vapor deposition method, being the cheapest and most versatile of the fabrication methods. The modeling methods involve the conventional computational fluid dynamics approaches as well as discrete computation techniques. Some in-house investigations utilizing chemical kinetic modeling and discrete computations to predict the growth of CNTs using the chemical vapor deposition method are also discussed. The modeling and simulation techniques reviewed here are expected to assist in the design of chirality-specific single-walled CNT synthesis systems.
A Test of Huntington’s Thesis
Authors: Gokmen Gunes 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This paper tests Huntington’s the Clash of Civilizations hypothesis evaluating the impact of civilizations on militarized interstate disputes. In particular, we investigate whether countries that belong to different civilizations tend to be more involved in conflict than countries that belong to the same civilization. We show that over the period of 1816-2001, dissimilarity in civilization in a dyad has no effect on conflict involvement. However, even after controlling for temporal dependence, and for geographic, political, military and economic factors, being part of different civilizations in the post-Cold War period brings about 63.6% higher probability of conflict than belonging to the same civilization, whereas this effect is insignificant during the Cold War.
Clay modification with silane compounds and characterization of the silicone rubber/clay composites
Authors: Jang Kyeong Hoon , Kim Eung-Soo , Jeon Young Ho , Yoon Jin-San 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Na+ montmorillonite (MMT) was modified with benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (B13) and further with (3-mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane and vinyltrimethoxysilane to prepare B13-MMT, mercaptomethylorthosilicate modified MMT (MTMO), and vinyltrimethoxysilane modified MMT (VTMO), respectively. The pristine and modified clays were compounded with an HTV-type silicone rubber (GP-30®), and the physical properties and morphology of the resulting rubber composites were examined. Both HTV/MTMO and HTV/VTMO exhibited an intercalated/exfoliated coexisting morphology, but the degree of exfoliation of the former composite was higher than that of the latter. Moreover, the thermal stability, as assessed by the onset temperature of thermal degradation, as well as the tensile stress, elongation at the break, and tear strength of HTV/MTMO was higher than those of HTV/B13-MMT and HTV/VTMO. However, the cross-linking density of HTV/MTMO was the lowest among the composites examined because the thiol groups of MTMO extinguished and abstracted the radicals formed by the curing agent. Accordingly, the improved mechanical and thermal properties of HTV/MTMO were attributed to the enhanced interactions between HTV and MTMO due to the chemical reaction between the thiol groups of MTMO and the vinyl groups of HTV.
Mechanical properties of polypropylene/glass weft knitted composites hot pressed in various structures and contents
Authors: Semnani Dariush , Zadhoush Ali , Mashayekhi Matin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this study, composites of knitted fabric made from side-by-side multiple glass and polypropylene yarns have been investigated. These composites have been produced by a new manufacturing method – the hot press method. By using various knitted fabrics made from different components of glass and polypropylene yarns, several types of knitted structures and yarn components were investigated: rib 1-1, full Milano and full cardigan. The mechanical properties of composites were measured in three directions. The results showed that hot-pressed knitted composites of glass and polypropylene yarns have high strength, impact resistance, work-to-break and elongation, simultaneously. The highest bending resistance and maximum stiffness are achieved for rib-knitted composites consisting of 8 wt% glass and 92 wt% polypropylene yarns. The highest impact energy absorption was obtained with 18 wt% glass content and 82 wt% polypropylene matrix.
Preparation and characterization of bone-like hydroxyapatite/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite biomaterials
Authors: Yang Benhong , Li Meng , Wu Yun , Huang Jianjiang , Zhang Hui , Deng Chonghai 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A series of hydroxyapatite (HAp)/poly(methyl mathacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites were prepared by free radical copolymerization of surface-modified HAp with methyl mathacrylate (MMA) via a bulk copolymerization process. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction were employed to characterize the structures of the HAp/PMMA nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the as-prepared composite films were smooth, and no severe aggregation of HAp was observed when HAp content was <10 wt%. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that the incorporation of a suitable amount of nanosized HAp enhanced the thermal and mechanical properties of PMMA. When 20 wt% of HAp was incorporated into the PMMA matrix, the glass-transition temperature, thermal degradation temperature and tensile strength increased by 13°C, 52°C and 76.2%, respectively, compared to the mother PMMA. However, higher HAp contents (>20 wt%) weakened the thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites owing to the phase separation in the composite matrix caused by the strong aggregation of HAp particles.
Die Erfindung des esoterischen Nationalsozialismus im Zeichen der Schwarzen Sonne
Authors: Strube Julian 
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die Behauptung, der Nationalsozialismus sei „esoterisch“
gewesen, wird vor allem seit den 1960er Jahren intensiv verbreitet. Auch in rechtsextremen,
neonazistischen Kreisen finden sich Vorstellungen von einer „esoterischen
SS“, die noch heute unter dem Zeichen der „Schwarzen Sonne“ gegen die
„Mächte des Bösen“ operiere. Jenes Symbol der Schwarzen Sonne findet seit den
1990er Jahren eine massive Verbreitung und ist, wie andere zentrale Topoi dieses
„esoterischen Neonazismus“, längst zum Bestandteil populärer Kultur geworden.
Einerseits wird der Aufsatz die Genealogie des esoterischen Neonazismus rekonstruieren,
andererseits wird er einen Beitrag zu der Frage nach dem vermeintlichen
esoterischen Wesen des Nationalsozialismus leisten. Es kann gezeigt werden,
dass die Konstruktion eines esoterischen Neonazismus nicht auf historisch
belegbaren Grundlagen erfolgen konnte. Das „esoterische“ Wesen des Nationalsozialismus
ist daher als eine Erfindung der Nachkriegszeit zu betrachten.
Zur Überprüfung der perspektivischen Beobachtbarkeit zeitkontinuierlicher linearer zeitinvarianter Systeme
Authors: Moschik Sonja , Stadler Martin , Dourdoumas Nicolaos 
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung
Für die Beurteilung der perspektivischen Beobachtbarkeit sind notwendige bzw. hinreichende Bedingungen bekannt, deren Überprüfung schwer ist. Für die in vorliegender Arbeit untersuchte Systemklasse kann diese Überprüfung wesentlich vereinfacht werden. Anstatt der ursprünglich unendlichen Anzahl kann eine endliche Anzahl von Parametern angegeben werden, die für die Überprüfung ausreicht. Dadurch wird dieses Kriterium in der Praxis anwendbar. Im Weiteren wird eine Möglichkeit zur numerisch stabilen Prüfung der perspektivischen Beobachtbarkeit vorgestellt.
Bericht vom GMA-Fachausschuss 1.30 “Modellbildung, Identifikation und Simulation in der Automatisierungstechnik”
Authors: Sawodny Oliver 
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung
In der folgenden Zusammenfassung sollen die Schwerpunkte der diesjährigen GMA-Fachausschusssitzung 1.30 und die dort präsentierten Vorträge kurz vorgestellt werden.
Frequency, Outcome, and Predictors of Success Within 6 Weeks of an Opioid Rotation Among Outpatients with Cancer Receiving Strong Opioids
Authors: Reddy Akhila , Yennurajalingam Sriram , Pulivarthi Kalyan , Palla Shana L. , Wang Xuan , Kwon Jung Hye , Frisbee-Hume Susan , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives
Determine the frequency, indications, and outcomes of opioid rotation in cancer outpatients. Describe the predictors of successful opioid rotation.

Background.
Opioid rotation is used to treat uncontrolled pain and/or opioid-related adverse effects. Our aim was to determine the frequency, indications, outcomes, and predictors of successful opioid rotation in outpatients with cancer.

Methods.
Medical records of consecutive outpatients with cancer who received strong opioids and returned for follow-up visit within ≤6 weeks to our supportive care center from January to December 2008 were reviewed. Data on patient characteristics, symptoms, opioid use, indications for opioid rotation, outcomes, and morphine equivalent daily dose were collected. Successful opioid rotation was defined as a two-point or 30% reduction in the symptom score or the resolution of opioid-induced neurotoxicity and continuation of the new opioid at follow-up.

Results.
Opioid rotation was performed in 120 of 385 patients (31%). The median patient age was 55 years. There were 6/120 patients with missing data. Of the 114 evaluable patients, 68 (60%) were men, 81 (71%) were white, 27 (24%) had gastrointestinal cancer, and 90 (80%) had advanced-stage disease. The median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score was 1 (interquartile range: 1–2) and the median time between opioid rotation and follow-up was 14 days (interquartile range: 7–21 days). The most common indications for opioid rotation were uncontrolled pain (95/114; 83%) and opioid-induced neurotoxicity (13/114; 12%). A total of 35 patients (31%) had partial opioid rotation. The median improvements in pain and symptom distress score were −2 (interquartile range: −4 to 0; p &lt; .001) and −5 (interquartile range: −14 to 7; p = .004), respectively. The morphine equivalent daily dose did not change significantly after opioid rotation (p = .156). A total of 65% of patients (74/114) had successful opioid rotation. There were no clinically significant independent predictors for successful opioid rotation.

Conclusion.
Opioid rotation was conducted in 31% of outpatients with cancer, with a 65% success rate. The most frequent reason for opioid rotation was uncontrolled pain. There were no independent predictors for successful opioid rotation.
Management of Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis Using Periodontal and Orthodontic Treatments
Authors: Syrowik Lauren M. , Janic Ana L. , Jacobs Leyvee C. 
Published: December 2012

Introduction: This case report presents the use of periodontal therapy sequentially with orthodontics for the treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and associated malocclusion.Case Presentation: A female patient presented with GAgP. Non‐surgical periodontal treatment and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) therapy were completed while the patient was concurrently undergoing orthodontic treatment to correct Class II malocclusion. Probing depths, free gingival margin, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months, and 1 year after treatment. CAL was the primary outcome variable. A 1‐year postoperative visit revealed that the patient's periodontium had remained stable while still undergoing orthodontic treatment.Conclusions: Sequential periodontal and orthodontic treatments improved this patient's overall function, occlusion, and esthetics. Regenerative therapy using EMD was effective in this case of GAgP, and results remained stable throughout and after orthodontic treatment.
Effect of frequent laser irradiation on orthodontic pain
Authors: Kim Won Tae , Bayome Mohamed , Park Jun-Beom , Park Jae Hyun , Baek Seung-Hak , Kook Yoon-Ah 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To analyze the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on perception of pain after separator placement and compare it with perceptions of control and placebo groups using a frequent irradiation protocol.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty-eight patients were randomly allocated to a laser group, a light-emitting diode (LED) placebo group, or a control group. Elastomeric separators were placed on the first molars. In the laser and LED groups, first molars were irradiated for 30 seconds every 12 hours for 1 week using a portable device. Pain was marked on a visual analog scale at predetermined intervals. Repeated measure analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis.

Results:
The pain scores of the laser group were significantly lower than those of the control group up to 1 day. The pain scores in the LED group were not significantly different from those of the laser group during the first 6 hours. After that point, the pain scores of the LED group were not significantly different from those of the control.

Conclusions:
Frequent LLLT decreased the perception of pain to a nonsignificant level throughout the week after separator placement, compared with pain perception in the placebo and control groups. Therefore, LLLT might be an effective method of reducing orthodontic pain.
Health Care Costs in People With Diabetes and Their Association With Glycemic Control and Kidney Function
Authors: McBrien Kerry A. , Manns Braden J. , Chui Betty , Klarenbach Scott W. , Rabi Doreen , Ravani Pietro , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Wiebe Natasha , Au Flora , Clement Fiona 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
To determine the association between laboratory-derived measures of glycemic control (HbA1c) and the presence of renal complications (measured by proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) with the 5-year costs of caring for people with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We estimated the cumulative 5-year cost of caring for people with diabetes using a province-wide cohort of adults with diabetes as of 1 May 2004. Costs included physician visits, hospitalizations, ambulatory care (emergency room visits, day surgery, and day medicine), and drug costs for people &gt;65 years of age. Using linked laboratory and administrative clinical and costing data, we determined the association between baseline glycemic control (HbA1c), proteinuria, and kidney function (eGFR) and 5-year costs, controlling for age, socioeconomic status, duration of diabetes, and comorbid illness.

RESULTS
We identified 138,662 adults with diabetes. The mean 5-year cost of diabetes in the overall cohort was $26,978 per patient, excluding drug costs. The mean 5-year cost for the subset of people &gt;65 years of age, including drug costs, was $44,511 (Canadian dollars). Cost increased with worsening kidney function, presence of proteinuria, and suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1c &gt;7.9%). Increasing age, Aboriginal status, socioeconomic status, duration of diabetes, and comorbid illness were also associated with increasing cost.

CONCLUSIONS
The cost of caring for people with diabetes is substantial and is associated with suboptimal glycemic control, abnormal kidney function, and proteinuria. Future studies should assess if improvements in the management of diabetes, assessed with laboratory-derived measurements, result in cost reductions.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Proteinuric and Nonproteinuric Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bhalla Vivek , Zhao Beinan , Azar Kristen M.J. , Wang Elsie J. , Choi Sarah , Wong Eric C. , Fortmann Stephen P. , Palaniappan Latha P. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
To examine racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), with and without proteinuria, in an outpatient health care organization.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We examined electronic health records for 15,683 persons of non-Hispanic white (NHW), Asian (Asian Indian, Chinese, and Filipino), Hispanic, and non-Hispanic black (NHB) race/ethnicity with type 2 diabetes and no prior history of kidney disease from 2008 to 2010. We directly standardized age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rates of proteinuric DKD (proteinuria with or without low estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) or nonproteinuric DKD (low eGFR alone). We calculated sex-specific odds ratios of DKD in racial/ethnic minorities (relative to NHWs) after adjustment for traditional DKD risk factors.

RESULTS
Racial/ethnic minorities had higher rates of proteinuric DKD than NHWs (24.8–37.9 vs. 24.8%) and lower rates of nonproteinuric DKD (6.3–9.8 vs. 11.7%). On adjusted analyses, Chinese (odds ratio 1.39 for women and 1.56 for men), Filipinos (1.57 for women and 1.85 for men), Hispanics (1.46 for women and 1.34 for men), and NHBs (1.50 for women) exhibited significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher odds of proteinuric DKD than NHWs. Conversely, Chinese, Hispanic, and NHB women and Hispanic men had significantly lower odds of nonproteinuric DKD than NHWs.

CONCLUSIONS
We found novel racial/ethnic differences in DKD among patients with type 2 diabetes. Racial/ethnic minorities were more likely to have proteinuric DKD and less likely to have nonproteinuric DKD. Future research should examine diverse DKD-related outcomes by race/ethnicity to inform targeted prevention and treatment efforts and to explore the etiology of these differences.
Acute-Phase Serum Amyloid A Protein and Its Implication in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in the KORA S4/F4 Study
Authors: Marzi Carola , Huth Cornelia , Herder Christian , Baumert Jens , Thorand Barbara , Rathmann Wolfgang , Meisinger Christa , Wichmann H.-Erich , Roden Michael , Peters Annette , Grallert Harald , Koenig Wolfgang , Illig Thomas 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
We sought to investigate whether elevated levels of acute-phase serum amyloid A (A-SAA) protein precede the onset of type 2 diabetes independently of other risk factors, including parameters of glucose metabolism.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Within the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4 study, we measured A-SAA concentrations in 836 initially nondiabetic subjects (55–74 years of age) without clinically overt inflammation who participated in a 7-year follow-up examination including an oral glucose tolerance test.

RESULTS
A-SAA concentrations were significantly associated with incident type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] for a one-SD increase of A-SAA adjusted for age and sex = 1.28 [95% CI 1.08–1.53], P = 0.005), particularly in younger subjects (P value for interaction = 0.047). The association attenuated when adjusting for parameters of glucose metabolism (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, and 2-h glucose; OR 1.16 [0.95–1.42], P = 0.15). Similar analyses for high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) yielded the following ORs: 1.39 (1.10–1.68, P = 0.0006) and 1.13 (0.88–1.45, P = 0.34), respectively. In contrast, A-SAA concentrations were significantly associated with 2-h glucose levels at follow-up even after adjustment for parameters of glucose metabolism (P = 0.008, n = 803).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate similarly strong prospective associations with type 2 diabetes for A-SAA and hs-CRP and suggest a potential causal link via postchallenge hyperglycemia.
Effect of Passive Smoke Exposure on General Anesthesia for Pediatric Dental Patients
Authors: Thikkurissy S. , Crawford Bethany , Groner Judith , Stewart Roderick , Smiley Megann K. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the null hypothesis that children with environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure (also known as passive smoke exposure) do not demonstrate an increased likelihood of adverse respiratory events during or while recovering from general anesthesia administered for treatment of early childhood caries. Parents of children (ages 19 months–12 years) preparing to receive general anesthesia for the purpose of dental restorative procedures were interviewed regarding the child's risk for ETS. Children were observed during and after the procedure by a standardized dentist anesthesiologist and postanesthesia care unit nurse who independently recorded severity of 6 types of adverse respiratory events—coughing, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, breath holding, hypersecretion, and airway obstruction. Data from 99 children were analyzed. The children for whom ETS was reported were significantly older than their ETS-free counterparts (P = .03). If the primary caregiver smoked, there was a significantly higher incidence of smoking by other members of the family (P < .0001) as well as smoking in the house (P < .0005). There were no significant differences between the adverse respiratory outcomes of the ETS (+) and ETS (−) groups. The ETS (+) children did have significantly longer recovery times (P < .0001) despite not having significantly more dental caries (P = .38) or longer procedure times. ETS is a poor indicator of post–general anesthesia respiratory morbidity in children being treated for early childhood caries.
Basic and Clinical Pharmacology of Autonomic Drugs
Authors: Becker Daniel E. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Autonomic drugs are used clinically to either imitate or inhibit the normal functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. A large number of additional drug classes also interact with these systems to produce a stunning number of possible side effects. This article reviews the basic function of the autonomic nervous system and the various drug classes that act within these neural synapses.
Sacred Symbols with a Secular Beat? A Content Analysis of Religious and Sexual Imagery in Modern Rock, Hip Hop, Christian, and Country Music Videos
Authors: Morgan Tanja N. , Hampton Cheryl A. , Davenport Shanise , Young Ellen , Badzinski Diane M. , Richardson Kathy Brittain , Woods Robert H. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract:A content analysis of music videos for the 2008 top-rated songs in four musical genres was conducted in order to gauge change in the presence of religious and sexual symbols since the mid-1990s and to determine if sexual and religious images were prevalent in the increasingly popular hip hop genre. Religious images appeared in about one-third of videos across genres, and sexual images appeared in more than half the videos and in all of the hip hop videos. Hip hop and country videos had the highest co-occurrences of religious and sexual imagery, although there was co-occurrence in each genre. The significance and possible interpretations of the symbols and their co-occurrence are discussed.