bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of extended main-sequence turn-off in open cluster NGC 2355
Authors: Maurya Jayanand , Samal M R , Amard Louis , Zhang Yu , Niu Hubiao , Kim Sang Chul , Joshi Y C , Kumar B 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The presence of extended Main-Sequence Turn-Off (eMSTO) in the open clusters has been attributed to various factors, such as spread in rotation rates, binary stars, and dust-like extinction from stellar excretion discs. We present a comprehensive analysis of the eMSTO in the open cluster NGC 2355. Using spectra from the Gaia–European Southern Observatory (ESO) archives, we find that the stars in the red part of the eMSTO have a higher mean v sin i value of 135.3 $\pm$ 4.6 km s$^{-1}$ compared to the stars in the blue part that have an average v sin i equal to 81.3 $\pm$ 5.6 km s$^{-1}$. This suggests that the eMSTO in NGC 2355 is possibly caused by the spread in rotation rates of stars. We do not find any substantial evidence of the dust-like extinction from the eMSTO stars using ultraviolet data from the Swift survey. The estimated synchronization time for low-mass ratio close binaries in the blue part of the eMSTO suggests that they would be mostly slow-rotating if present. However, the stars in the blue part of the eMSTO are preferentially located in the outer region of the cluster indicating that they may lack low-mass ratio close binaries. The spread in rotation rates of eMSTO stars in NGC 2355 is most likely caused by the star-disc interaction mechanism. The stars in the lower main sequence beyond the eMSTO region of NGC 2355 are slow rotating (mean v sin i = 26.5 $\pm$ 1.3 km s$^{-1}$) possibly due to the magnetic braking of their rotations.
Hydrodynamic simulation of Cygnus OB2: the absence of a cluster wind termination shock
Authors: Vieu T , Larkin C J K , Härer L , Reville B , Sander A A C , Ramachandran V 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We perform a large-scale hydrodynamic simulation of a massive star cluster whose stellar population mimics that of the Cygnus OB2 association. The main-sequence stars are first simulated during 1.6 Myr, until a quasi-stationary state is reached. At this time, the three Wolf–Rayet stars observed in Cygnus OB2 are added to the simulation, which continues to 2 Myr. Using a high-resolution grid in the centre of the domain, we can resolve the most massive stars individually, which allows us to probe the kinetic structures at small (parsec) scales. We find that, although the cluster excavates a spherical ‘superbubble’ cavity, the stellar population is too loosely distributed to blow a large-scale cluster wind termination shock, and that collective effects from wind–wind interactions are much less efficient than usually assumed. This challenges our understanding of the ultra-high energy emission observed from the region.
Challenges and opportunities in access to care for systemic lupus erythematosus patients across Europe and worldwide
Authors: Mosca Marta , Bruce Ian N , Andersen Jeanette , Ugarte-Gil Manuel F , Arnaud Laurent 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
SLE presents significant challenges for patients and health-care professionals (HCPs), both across Europe and worldwide. Improving health-care outcomes for patients with SLE requires a comprehensive understanding of patient disease pathways. In particular, the geographical distance between SLE patients and specialized care centres, combined with the scarcity of rheumatologists, exacerbates delays in diagnosis and management. Also, the initial SLE symptoms can often be non-specific, and providing guidelines for primary HCPs and other non-specialists is extremely important. Improvement in access to treatment is also important, with several recently approved therapies for SLE not being available in several European countries and many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, in the LMICs in which these treatments are available, they are not always covered by the health-care system, making their access almost impossible for those of lower socio-economic status. A number of provisions are already in place within the European Union, to improve access to care for patients with rare and complex diseases, including those with SLE. In particular, European Reference Networks (ERNs), such the ERN for Autoimmune Diseases ReCONNET, are virtual networks involving HCPs across Europe with the aim of improving the care of patients with rare and complex diseases that require highly specialized treatment and a concentration of knowledge and resources. In addition, lupus patient organizations such as Lupus Europe play a crucial role in raising awareness of SLE and advocating for improved access to care. Together, we can work towards a future where all people living with lupus receive the comprehensive and timely care they deserve.
Could tocilizumab be used in familial Mediterranean fever? A systematic review
Authors: Mertz Philippe , Hentgen Véronique , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent fever and serosal inflammation. Although colchicine is the primary treatment, around 10% of FMF patients do not respond to it, necessitating alternative therapies. Biologic treatments, such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 inhibitors, have been considered. However, the accessibility and cost of IL-1β inhibitors may limit their use in certain regions. Tocilizumab (TCZ), an IL-6 receptor inhibitor, offers an alternative, but its efficacy in FMF is not well-documented.

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCZ in the treatment of FMF.

Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, we identified 237 articles on the use of TCZ in FMF.

Results
After selection, 14 articles were included: two double-blind RCTs, two retrospective studies and 10 case reports. Multicentre double-blind RCTs reported mixed results in FMF patients without AA amyloidosis due to genetic/classification heterogeneity of the available studies, possible misdiagnosed FMF patients and study design. Retrospective studies suggest that TCZ may benefit FMF patients with established renal AA amyloidosis, potentially preventing progression and managing flares more effectively. TCZ showed a safe profile with no specific adverse events, but data on its use during pregnancy or breastfeeding are lacking. There was no available data on the use of TCZ in paediatric FMF.

Conclusion
This review summarizes the current state of research, safety and efficacy of TCZ in FMF. While IL1β inhibitors remain the first choice for colchicine-resistant or intolerant FMF patients, TCZ might be of interest in some selected FMF patients with established AA amyloidosis and resistance to colchicine and interleukin 1 inhibitors.
Exploring the therapeutic potential of Caralluma fimbriata for antioxidant and diabetes management: a 28-day rat model study
Authors: Arif Aleena , Sultan M Tauseef , Nazir Fahid , Ahmad Khalil , Kashif Muhammad , Ahmad Muhammad Mahboob , Shehzad Farooq Khurum , Nazir Muhammad Altaf , Mushtaq Shehla , Khalid Muhammad Usman , Noman Ahmad Mujtaba , Raza Hassan , Israr Muhammad , Sohail Hira , Rocha João Miguel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic potential of Caralluma fimbriata (CF) in 28-days rat modelling trial. Diabetes is a chronic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and insulin resistance and cause microvascular and macrovascular issues. Caralluma fimbriata was evaluated for its nutritional composition along with anti-oxidant potential of CF powder (CFP) and CF extract (CFE) using total phenolic contents (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Furthermore, anti-diabetic potential was computed by dividing rats into four groups of 5 individuals each. Rats of Group I was non-diabetic and no supplementation was given while rats of group II were diabetic and no supplementation was given. While group III and group IV rats were diabetic and received CFP and CFE supplementation respectively. CF powder’s TPC, and DPPH and FRAP activity were observed maximum at 44.17 ± 0.006 (μgFe/g) in water, 68.75 ± 0.49 (μgFe/g) in acetone and 800.81 ± 0.99 (μgFe/g) in hexane. Supplementation of CFP and CFE reduced blood glucose effectively i.e. (125.00 ± 4.04 and 121.00 ± 4.49 mg/dL, respectively). Moreover, the consumption of C. fimbriata can be helpful in the management of diabetes mellitus due to its glucose lowering potential, anorexic effects, anti-oxidant potential and α-amylase inhibition.
Comparative genomics reveals the evolutionary history of the unicellular eukaryote class Litostomatea and its adaptive evolution based on biochemical metabolic capacity
Authors: Zhang Ying , Fu Yu , Vďačný Peter , Liang Fasheng , Dou Huan , Warren Alan , Li Lifang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ciliated protists are unicellular eukaryotic organisms characterized by their morphological diversity, ubiquitous distribution, and the important roles they play in a wide range of biological studies. The class Litostomatea is a morphologically diverse ciliate group that comprises hundreds of free-living and endosymbiotic species. Here, we sequenced 14 predatory litostomateans, i.e. 12 haptorians and two rhynchostomatians. A comparative analysis was performed with other published omics’ data on litostomateans. Our first phylogenomic analysis of litostomateans showed the monophyly of the subclasses Trichostomatia and Rhynchostomatia, the non-monophyly of the subclass Haptoria, and the monophyly of all orders and families that were analysed. Evolutionary history analysis suggested that Litostomatea diverged during the Late Neoproterozoic, the family Chaeneidae was the earliest diverging haptorian lineage, and the Rhynchostomatia probably separated from the order Lacrymariida (subclass Haptoria) during the Early Palaeozoic. Stop codon usage analysis of 28 litostomateans showed that they use TAA as the biased stop codon and reassign the other two stop codons (TAG and TGA) to code for amino acids. In addition, the preferred codons in the 14 newly sequenced litostomateans are strongly biased towards A/U bases in the third position, very probably due to the comparatively low GC content. Genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) are more diversified in the endosymbiotic Trichostomatia than in the free-living predatory Rhynchostomatia and Haptoria, suggesting that trichostomes have the strongest capability of carbohydrate utilization. Notably, we found that three free-living litostomateans (Didinium sp.1, Myriokaryon sp., and Apodileptus visscheri) exhibit substantial differences from other free-living ciliates in terms of their number of CAZymes. Considering the potency and versatility of CAZymes in the degradation and biotransformation of carbohydates, we propose that the multifarious CAZymes in these three ciliates could be a survival strategy for nutrient acquisition and niche adaptation. Finally, the functional annotation of significantly expanded gene families in these three ciliates revealed their vigorous potency in biochemical metabolism. These findings will facilitate wider omic-scale phylogenetic analyses of Litostomatea and deepen our understanding of this group from an evolutionary standpoint.
Mechanisms of triple‐negative breast cancer extravasation: Impact of the physical environment and endothelial glycocalyx
Authors: Okorafor Chinedu C. , Shastri Sanjana , Wen Ke , Ebong Eno E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCancer metastasis is the leading cause of death for those afflicted with cancer. In cancer metastasis, the cancer cells break off from the primary tumor, penetrate nearby blood vessels, and attach and extravasate out of the vessels to form secondary tumors at distant organs. This makes extravasation a critical step of the metastatic cascade. Herein, with a focus on triple‐negative breast cancer, the role that the prospective secondary tumor microenvironment's mechanical properties play in circulating tumor cells' extravasation is reviewed. Specifically, the effects of the physically regulated vascular endothelial glycocalyx barrier element, vascular flow factors, and subendothelial extracellular matrix mechanical properties on cancer cell extravasation are examined. The ultimate goal of this review is to clarify the physical mechanisms that drive triple‐negative breast cancer extravasation, as these mechanisms may be potential new targets for anti‐metastasis therapy.
Automatic electrocardiograph diagnosis of myocardial ischemia with support vector machine
Authors: Zhong Dacheng , Huang Lingbin , Jin Shengxi , An Yukun , Zhu Songsheng , Li Jianqing 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Myocardial ischemia is a severe cardiac disease and it happens when the heart's blood flow is insufficient, which impairs its capacity to operate correctly and causes several systemic issues. A standard auxiliary for the clinical diagnosis of myocardial ischemia is an electrocardiograph (ECG). However, the typical static ECG cannot record the myocardial ischemia paroxysmal fragments quickly and accurately. The information contained in long-term ECG recordings is more abundant, but the large volume of data makes manual processing costly. Our aim is to propose an automated method for handling ECG signals and diagnosing myocardial ischemia.

Methods:
To get evidence of myocardial ischemia, dynamic ECG is frequently employed. This paper suggests a machine learning technique to create a classification model using support vector machine (SVM), automatically identifying the existence of myocardial ischemia fragments. This study comprises waveform identification, feature extraction, creation of data sets, model training, and classification. The Long Term ST Database, made available by PhysioNet, is used as the database for this research.

Result:
According to the final test results, the classification accuracy is 97.98%. The ECG signals can be automatically segmented, and the automated diagnosis of myocardial ischemia can achieve an accuracy rate of 97.98%.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that the method proposed in this paper can more precisely and practically identify myocardial ischemia pieces.
A 3D reconstruction imaging study of the effect of anterior disk displacement on the bony structural relationship of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Li Chenxi , Shao Bo , Fang Chang , Pataer Parekejiang , Gong Zhongcheng 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The objective of this study was to measure the association between the status of anterior disk displacement (ADD) and the alterations of the mandibular condyle and articular fossa among patients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ADD.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective cross sectional study was designed, dividing into 4 groups: normal articular disk position (NADP) of unilateral ADD patients (n = 10), ADD with reduction (ADDwR, n = 16), ADD without reduction (ADDwoR, n = 24), and healthy volunteers (HV, n = 30) based on magnetic resonance imaging and cone beam computed tomography. After morphological parameters were calculated from three dimensional reconstructive images, differences in parameters with respect to TMJ ADD status were tested with analysis of variance and Fisher's least significant difference multiple comparisons were performed.

Results:
Patients were with a female to male ratio of 6.75:1 (21 females, 4 males) and an average age of 29.10 ± 8.94 years (ranging from 16 to 51). Condylar volume (CV) of the ADDwR, ADDwoR, NADP, and HVs was 1768.29 ± 404.19 mm, 1467.13 ± 438.20 mm, 1814.48 ± 753.60 mm, and 1914.66 ± 476.48 mm, respectively, showing a significant downward trend from healthy disk to a displaced one (P < 0.05). The same trend also found in condylar superficial area (CSA), with the CSA of the ADDwR, ADDwoR, NADP, and HVs, was 842.56 ± 138.78 mm, 748.52 ± 157.42 mm, 842.87 ± 263.00 mm, and 892.73 ± 164.19 mm, respectively. From NADP to ADDwR to ADDwoR, superior joint space (SJS) was declined (SJS
[NADP]
[2.10 ± 0.91 mm] > SJS
(ADDwR)
[1.85 ± 0.61 mm] > SJS
[ADDwoR]
[1.50 ± 0.50 mm], P = 0.034); medial joint space (MJS) was significantly associated with the different disk displacement types (P

[HV ADDwR]
= 0.001; P

[HV ADDwoR]
= 0.021; P

[NADP ADDwR]
= 0.022; P

[ADDwR ADDwoR]
= 0.001).

Conclusion:
The CV and superficial area and superior and MJS are significantly associated with different disk displacement types. The mandibular condyle and articular fossa in TMJ ADD exhibited altered dimensions. These could be promising biometric markers for assessing ADD.
Detection of an 8p23.1 Inversion Using High-Resolution Optical Genome Mapping
Authors: Zhou Chunxiang , Li Huijun , Shi Yiyan , He Linlin , Duan Honglei , Li Jie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the performance of optical genome mapping (OGM) in identifying an inversion located in the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p, 8p23.1), flanked by regions of complex segmental duplication (SD), using the GRCh38 and telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome references.

Methods
We investigated a couple suspected of carrying the 8p23.1 inversion due to a terminal deletion combined with an interstitial duplication of 8p found in their abortus. OGM was performed on both individuals. The data were mapped to the current GRCh38 and the updated T2T genome references, respectively.

Results
The 8p23.1 inversion was observed in the female when mapping OGM data to the T2T assembly. In contrast, under the GRCh38 reference, the orientation between the suspected breakpoints within the SD regions could not be distinguished. Additional variants of uncertain significance were also identified in both individuals.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight the superiority of the T2T reference in recognizing structural variations involving SD regions. The enhanced SV detection using the T2T reference may contribute to a better understanding of genome instability and human diseases.
Unique Ultrastructural Alterations in the Placenta Associated With Macrosomia Induced by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wei Junxiang , Dong Tianyu , Chen Mingxia , Luo Xiao , Mi Yang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the morphological and ultrastructural alterations in placentas from pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)–induced macrosomia, term nondiabetic macrosomia, and normal pregnancies.

Methods
Sixty full-term placentas were collected, and clinical data along with informed consent were obtained from pregnant women who underwent regular visit checks and delivered their newborns in Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital between May and December 2022. Placentas were divided into three equal groups: normal pregnancy (control group), nondiabetic macrosomia group, and macrosomia complicated with GDM (diabetic macrosomia) group. Gross morphological data of placentas were recorded, and placental samples were processed for examination of ultrastructural and stereological changes using transmission electron microscopy. Analysis of variance and chi-squared test were used to examine the differences among the three groups for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.

Results
The baseline characteristics of mothers and neonates did not differ across the three groups, except for a significantly higher birth weight in the diabetic macrosomia group (4172.00 ± 151.20 g vs. 3192.00 ± 328.70 g, P < 0.001) and nondiabetic macrosomia group (4138.00 ± 115.20 g vs. 3192.00 ± 328.70 g, P < 0.001) compared with control group. Examination of the placentas revealed that placental weight was also highest in the diabetic macrosomia group compared with control group (810.00 ± 15.81 g vs. 490.00 ± 51.48 g, P < 0.001) and nondiabetic macrosomia group (810.00 ± 15.81 g vs. 684.00 ± 62.69 g, P < 0.001), but the ratio of neonatal birth weight to placental weight (BW/PW) was significantly lower in the diabetic macrosomia group compared with that in the control group (5.15 ± 0.19 vs. 6.54 ± 0.63, P < 0.001) and nondiabetic macrosomia group (5.15 ± 0.19 vs. 6.09 ± 0.52, P < 0.001) group. In contrast, the BW/PW ratio in nondiabetic macrosomia did not differ significantly from that in the control group. Distinct ultrastructural changes in terminal villi and stereological alterations in microvilli were observed in the diabetic macrosomia group, including changes in the appearance of cytoplasmic organelles and the fetal capillary endothelium and thickness of the vasculo-syncytial membrane and basal membrane.

Conclusion
Significant ultrastructural and stereological alterations were discovered in the placentas from pregnant women with macrosomia induced by GDM. These alterations may be the response of the placenta to the hyperglycemia condition encountered during pregnancies complicated with GDM.
Predictors of Patient-Initiated Discharge From an Inpatient Withdrawal Management Service
Authors: Ling Sara , Sproule Beth , Puts Martine , Cleverley Kristin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine sex-stratified independent predictors of patient-initiated discharge from an inpatient withdrawal management service and to determine whether those predictors differed by sex.

Methods
This study compared people who had self-initiated versus planned discharges and used sex-stratified generalized estimating equations models to identify independent predictors of patient-initiated discharge. Predictors examined included age, ethnicity, substance of concern, tobacco use, mental health comorbidities, day of discharge, referral source, children, and social assistance funds.

Results
Among females, there were 722 discharges, 116 of which were patient initiated. Among females, increasing age was associated with lower odds of patient-initiated discharge (OR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.95, 0.98]). Racialized females were nearly 2 times more likely to experience patient-initiated discharge compared with White females (OR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.09, 3.00]). Compared with weekdays, weekends were associated with over 4 times the odds of patient-initiated discharge (OR = 4.77, 95% CI [2.66, 8.56]). Having one or more mental health comorbidities was associated with lower odds of patient-initiated discharge compared with having no mental health comorbidities (OR = 0.51, 95% CI [0.32, 0.82]). Among males, there were 1,244 discharges, 185 of which were patient initiated. Among males, increasing age was associated with decreased odds of patient-initiated discharge (OR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.95, 0.98]). Compared with weekdays, weekends were associated with nearly 15 times the odds of patient-initiated discharge (OR = 14.9, 95% CI [9.11, 24.3]).

Conclusions
Males and females have shared and unique predictors of patient-initiated discharge. Future studies should continue to examine the influence of sex and gender on engagement with addictions care.