bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From gene to brain to behavior: schizophrenia‐associated variation in AMBRA1 alters impulsivity‐related traits
Authors: Heinrich Angela , Nees Frauke , Lourdusamy Anbarasu , Tzschoppe Jelka , Meier Sandra , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Fauth‐Bühler Mira , Steiner Sabina , Bach Christiane , Poustka Luise , Banaschewski Tobias , Barker Gareth J. , Büchel Christian , Conrod Patricia J. , Garavan Hugh , Gallinat Jürgen , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Loth Eva , Mann Karl , Artiges Eric , Paus Tomáš , Lawrence Claire , Pausova Zdenka , Smolka Michael N. , Ströhle Andreas , Struve Maren , Witt Stephanie H. , Schumann Gunter , Flor Herta , Rietschel Marcella ,   The IMAGEN consortium
Published: April 2013

AbstractRecently, genome‐wide association between schizophrenia and an intronic variant in AMBRA1 (rs11819869) was reported. Additionally, in a reverse genetic approach in adult healthy subjects, risk allele carriers showed a higher medial prefrontal cortex blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) response during a flanker task examining motor inhibition as an aspect of impulsivity. To test whether this finding can be expanded to further aspects of impulsivity, we analysed the effects of the rs11819869 genotype on impulsivity‐related traits on a behavioral, temperament and neural level in a large sample of healthy adolescents. We consider this reverse genetic approach specifically suited for use in a healthy adolescent sample, as these individuals comprise those who will eventually develop mental disorders in which impulsivity is implicated. Healthy adolescents from the IMAGEN study were included in the neuropsychological analysis (n = 848) and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task (n = 512). Various aspects of impulsivity were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory‐Revised, the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale, the Cambridge Cognition Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, and the Stop Signal Task (SST) in the fMRI paradigm. On a behavioral level, increased delay aversion was observed in risk allele carriers. Furthermore, risk allele carriers showed a higher BOLD response in an orbito‐frontal target region during the SST, which declined to trend status after Family Wise Error correction. Our findings support the hypothesis that the schizophrenia‐related risk variant of rs11819869 is involved in various aspects of impulsivity, and that this involvement occurs on a behavioral as well as an imaging genetics level.
Review of diel rhythmic activities in physiological functions of scorpions
Authors: Warburg Michael R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this study I review the subject of biological rhythms in scorpions. This will include only some of the diel rhythmic endogenous physiological functions and not the locomotory rhythmicity, which will be dealt separately. Most studies reported here were conducted on 13 scorpion species that were studied in 39 different studies. Most of these (66.7%) were studies on a single species (Heterometrus fulvipes). Being a scorpionid, it sits and waits near its burrow not being very active, especially the females. The fact that experimenting was carried out irrespective of species diversity, gender, ecological or physiological conditions, and was usually done on animals kept in captivity for some time before the experimenting had started, is a major drawback to this kind of study. Although the main conclusion appears to be that enzymes reached their peak activity at 20.00 h, there are some exceptions showing otherwise that need further study in order to explain them.
Consulting University: A Reflection from Inside
Authors: Czarniawska Barbara , Mazza Carmelo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper contributes to a growing literature on the role of management consultants in the public sector by examining a sensitive area of management consulting, as exercised by university faculty members and as applied to universities. It frames the development of management consulting as an idea that originated in universities, travelled first into the private sector and then into the public sector, from country to country, and was eventually applied to universities – with problematic effects.
The Evolution of Client‐Consultant Relationships: A Situational Analysis of IT Consultancy in the Public Sector
Authors: Campagnolo Gian Marco 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis research proposes a situational understanding of the role of con‐sultants. The analysis is grounded on a case from Italian local government over a ten year period. The case is one of the earliest adopters of an ERP system in the public sector. The paper extends current understanding of client‐consultant relationships by developing a specific picture of changes in the role of consultants over time. In the case analysed, multiple changes in client‐consultant relationships occurred. They were due to particular historical contingencies in the evolution of the structure of expertise in the field. The case contributes to knowledge on consultants by contrasting bilateral and instantaneous accounts of client‐consultant relationship with a perspective that overcomes the distinction between context and individual action.
Predicting lower bound damage curves for high‐strength low‐alloy steels
Authors: Münstermann S. , Schruff C. , Lian J. , Döbereiner B. , Brinnel V. , Wu B. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTHindered by the distinctive toughness requirements of the current European standards, the high‐strength low‐alloy (HSLA) steels are rarely applied to the pressure vessels industry. The reason is that the design rules specified by the standards define local plastic deformation as limit state. This results in an over‐conservative application of materials. To achieve an effective, economical and energy‐efficient use of HSLA steels, a strain‐based criterion, the damage curve, which considers crack initiation instead of the beginning of plastic deformation as limit state, is proposed in this study for the improved design rules. In the view of the interaction of microstructure and mechanical properties of materials, the new design rule is derived on the basis of the correlation of microstructural features of HSLA steels with the micromechanical damage models. The experimental verification of the result is furthermore investigated with sufficient agreement so that the general applicability of the procedure can be expected. However, further studies for a reliable parameter calibration are necessary.
Climate change scenarios experiments predict a future reduction in small pelagic fish recruitment in the Humboldt Current system
Authors: Brochier Timothée , Echevin Vincent , Tam Jorge , Chaigneau Alexis , Goubanova Katerina , Bertrand Arnaud 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Humboldt Current System (HCS) sustains the world′s largest small pelagic fishery. While a cooling of this system has been observed during recent decades, there is debate about the potential impacts of rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations on upwelling dynamics and productivity. Recent studies suggest that under increased atmospheric CO2 scenarios the oceanic stratification may strongly increase and upwelling‐favorable winds may remain nearly constant off Peru and increase off Chile. Here we investigate the impact of such climatic conditions on egg and larval dispersal phases, a key stage of small pelagic fish reproduction. We used larval retention rate in a predefined nursery area to provide a proxy for the recruitment level. Numerical experiments are based on hydrodynamics downscaled to the HCS from global simulations forced by pre‐industrial (PI), 2 × CO2 and 4 × CO2 scenarios. A biogeochemical model is applied to the PI and 4 × CO2 scenarios to define a time‐variable nursery area where larval survival is optimum. We test two distinct values of the oxycline depth that limits larval vertical distribution: One corresponding to the present‐day situation and the other corresponding to a shallower oxycline potentially produced by climate change. It appeared that larval retention over the continental shelf increases with enhanced stratification due to regional warming. However, this increase in retention is largely compensated for by a decrease of the nursery area and the shoaling of the oxycline. The underlying dynamics are explained by a combination of stratification effects and mesoscale activity changes. Our results therefore show that future climate change may significantly reduce fish capacity in the HCS with strong ecological, economic and social consequences.
Effects of simulated drought on the carbon balance of Everglades short‐hydroperiod marsh
Authors: Malone Sparkle L. , Starr Gregory , Staudhammer Christina L. , Ryan Michael G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHydrology drives the carbon balance of wetlands by controlling the uptake and release of CO2 and CH4. Longer dry periods in between heavier precipitation events predicted for the Everglades region, may alter the stability of large carbon pools in this wetland's ecosystems. To determine the effects of drought on CO2 fluxes and CH4 emissions, we simulated changes in hydroperiod with three scenarios that differed in the onset rate of drought (gradual, intermediate, and rapid transition into drought) on 18 freshwater wetland monoliths collected from an Everglades short‐hydroperiod marsh. Simulated drought, regardless of the onset rate, resulted in higher net CO2 losses net ecosystem exchange (NEE) over the 22‐week manipulation. Drought caused extensive vegetation dieback, increased ecosystem respiration (Reco), and reduced carbon uptake gross ecosystem exchange (GEE). Photosynthetic potential measured by reflective indices (photochemical reflectance index, water index, normalized phaeophytinization index, and the normalized difference vegetation index) indicated that water stress limited GEE and inhibited Reco. As a result of drought‐induced dieback, NEE did not offset methane production during periods of inundation. The average ratio of net CH4 to NEE over the study period was 0.06, surpassing the 100‐year greenhouse warming compensation point for CH4 (0.04). Drought‐induced diebacks of sawgrass (C3) led to the establishment of the invasive species torpedograss (C4) when water was resupplied. These changes in the structure and function indicate that freshwater marsh ecosystems can become a net source of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere, even following an extended drought. Future changes in precipitation patterns and drought occurrence/duration can change the carbon storage capacity of freshwater marshes from sinks to sources of carbon to the atmosphere. Therefore, climate change will impact the carbon storage capacity of freshwater marshes by influencing water availability and the potential for positive feedbacks on radiative forcing.
The biogeography of stream bacteria
Authors: Lear Gavin , Washington Vidya , Neale Martin , Case Brad , Buckley Hannah , Lewis Gillian 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThe extent to which bacterial communities exhibit biogeographic patterns in their distribution remains unclear. We examined the relative influence of factors including geographic distance, latitude, elevation and catchment land use on the distribution and taxon richness of stream bacterial communities across New Zealand.LocationBacterial communities were collected from biofilm growing on submerged rocks in 244 streams. Sample sites spanned a north–south gradient of over 970 km, an elevational gradient of c. 750 m and were collected from a variety of catchment types across New Zealand.MethodsWe used automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, a DNA fingerprinting technique, to characterize the structure and taxon richness of each bacterial community. Key attributes relating to sample location, upstream catchment land use and a suite of additional environmental parameters were collected for every site using GIS procedures. Univariate correlations between measures of bacterial community structure and latitude, elevation and distance were examined. Variance partitioning was then used to assess the relative importance of purely spatial factors versus catchment land use and environmental attributes for determining bacterial community structure and taxon richness.ResultsBacterial taxon richness was related to the geographic location of the sample site, being significantly greater at latitudes closer to the equator and reduced at higher elevations. We observed distance decay patterns in bacterial community similarity related to geographic distance and latitudinal distance, but not to elevational distance. Overall, however, bacterial community similarity and taxon richness was more closely related to variability in catchment land use than to climatic variability or geographic location.Main conclusionOur data suggest that stream biofilm communities across New Zealand are more influenced by catchment land use attributes than by dispersal limitation.
Age–gender differences in the reaction times of ankle muscles
Authors: Hong Junghwa , Kim Ji‐Won , Chung Hong‐Young , Kim Hyo‐Hee , Kwon Yuri , Kim Chul‐Seung , Ho Ye‐Ji , Eom Gwang‐Moon , Jun Jae‐Hoon , Park Byung Kyu 
Published: April 2013

AimReaction times of the hip abductor were reported to be longer in elderly women than in elderly men, and this was suggested to be related to mediolateral balance performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of age and gender on the reaction performance of ankle muscles, which have predominant roles in anterioposterior balance control.MethodsA total of 40 elderly subjects and 40 young subjects (even number of men and women) carried out a series of isometric plantarflexions and dorsiflexions, as forcefully and quickly as possible, in response to auditory stimulus. Surface electromyogram at the dorsiflexor and plantarflexor were recorded, together with foot plantar force. Premotor time, motor time and total reaction time derived from the experimental data were compared between age groups and genders by two‐way anova.ResultsBoth dorsiflexor and plantarflexor showed similar reaction performance. Premotor time increased with age with no gender difference. Motor time increased with age in women and not in men, resulting in longer motor time in elderly women than in elderly men. Total reaction time was dominated by premotor time, so that it was longer in the elderly with no gender difference.ConclusionAlthough age‐related elongation of motor time was greater in women, total reaction time was not different between the genders. This may be related to no gender difference in anterioposterior balance performance. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 94–99.
Antiviral therapy after curative treatment of hepatitis B/C virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review of randomized trials
Authors: Sun Ping , Yang Xiao , He Rui‐Qing , Hu Qing‐Gang , Song Zi‐Fang , Xiong Jun , Zheng Qi‐Chang 
Published: April 2013

AimAvailable published work on the benefit of adjuvant antiviral therapy after curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) reports controversial results. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of adjuvant antiviral therapy on recurrence and survival after curative treatment of HCC.MethodsWe conducted an extensive search strategy. All randomized controlled trials comparing adjuvant antiviral therapy versus placebo or no treatment were considered for this review. Results were expressed as hazard ratio for time‐to‐event outcomes with 95% confidence intervals using RevMan 5.ResultsWe included nine trials (three of low risk of bias and six of unclear risk of bias) with 954 patients. All the included studies used conventional interferon (IFN) as adjuvant antiviral therapy; none of them used pegylated IFN or nucleoside analogs. There were significant improvements for recurrence‐free survival and overall survival in the adjuvant IFN group compared with the control group. Subgroup analysis also showed a significant difference favoring IFN therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related HCC patients, but for hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related patients, the difference failed to reach statistical significance. A dose reduction was needed in 28.3% of patients and discontinuation of IFN therapy happened in 8.2% of patients due to moderate to severe side‐effects.ConclusionOur study suggested potential benefits of adjuvant IFN therapy following curative treatment of HCC, especially for HCV‐related HCC. Further high‐quality randomized controlled trials of more effective adjuvant antiviral regimens, either used alone or in combination, for virus‐related HCC, especially HBV‐related HCC, are needed.
Efficacy of sorafenib beyond first progression in patients with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Miyahara Koji , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morimoto Yuki , Takeuchi Yasuto , Hagihara Hiroaki , Kuwaki Kenji , Onishi Hideki , Ikeda Fusao , Miyake Yasuhiro , Nakamura Shinichiro , Shiraha Hidenori , Takaki Akinobu , Iwadou Shouta , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Takaguchi Koichi , Takuma Yoshitaka , Takabatake Hiroyuki , Sakaguchi Kohsaku , Yamamoto Kazuhide ,   the Okayama Liver Cancer Group
Published: April 2013

AimWe investigated whether continuous sorafenib administration keeps suppressing the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after first progressive disease (PD), and whether it prolongs patients' survival.MethodsThe size of metastatic lesions was measured in 36 patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib. The tumor growth rates before and after radiological PD as well as survival were compared between the patients who continued (n = 23) and stopped (n = 13) sorafenib at first radiological PD.ResultsThe growth rate did not differ between before and after PD in patients who continued sorafenib, while it increased after PD in patients who stopped sorafenib at PD (P = 0.002). Survival beyond first progression was longer in patients who continued sorafenib than in those who stopped it at PD (P = 0.012), and this tendency was observed even when the analysis was limited to Child–Pugh class A patients (P = 0.085).ConclusionSorafenib administration beyond first radiological PD could continuously suppress HCC growth and may have survival benefit.
The Clinical Relevance of Information Index (CRII): assessing the relevance of health information to the clinical practice
Authors: Galvao Maria Cristiane Barbosa , Ricarte Ivan Luiz Marques , Grad Roland M. , Pluye Pierre 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe high volume of health information creates a need for processes and tools to select, evaluate and disseminate relevant information to health professionals in clinical practice.ObjectivesTo introduce an index of the clinical relevance of information and to show that it is different from existing measures.MethodsA conceptual model of knowledge translation was developed to explain the need for a new index, whose application was verified by an exploratory study with two (quantitative and qualitative) phases. The Clinical Relevance of Information Index (CRII) was defined employing descriptive statistical analyses of assessments performed by health professionals. The model and the CRII were applied in a primary healthcare context.ResultsThe CRII was applied to 4574 relevance assessments of 194 evidence synopses. The assessments were performed by 41 family physicians in 2008. The CRII value of each synopsis was compared with the number of citations received by its corresponding research paper and with the level of evidence of the study, presenting weak correlation with both.ConclusionThe CRII captures aspects of information not considered by other indices. It can be a parameter for information providers, institutions, editors, as well as health and information professionals targeting knowledge translation.
Heat‐shock proteins as dendritic cell‐targeting vaccines – getting warmer
Authors: McNulty Shaun , Colaco Camilo A. , Blandford Lucy E. , Bailey Christopher R. , Baschieri Selene , Todryk Stephen 
Published: April 2013

SummaryHeat‐shock proteins (hsp) provide a natural link between innate and adaptive immune responses by combining the ideal properties of antigen carriage (chaperoning), targeting and activation of antigen‐presenting cells (APC), including dendritic cells (DC). Targeting is achieved through binding of hsp to distinct cell surface receptors and is followed by antigen internalization, processing and presentation. An improved understanding of the interaction of hsp with DC has driven the development of numerous hsp‐containing vaccines, designed to deliver antigens directly to DC. Studies in mice have shown that for cancers, such vaccines generate impressive immune responses and protection from tumour challenge. However, translation to human use, as for many experimental immunotherapies, has been slow partly because of the need to perform trials in patients with advanced cancers, where demonstration of efficacy is challenging. Recently, the properties of hsp have been used for development of prophylactic vaccines against infectious diseases including tuberculosis and meningitis. These hsp‐based vaccines, in the form of pathogen‐derived hsp–antigen complexes, or recombinant hsp combined with selected antigens in vitro, offer an innovative approach against challenging diseases where broad antigen coverage is critical.
Characteristics of IL‐17 induction by Schistosoma japonicum infection in C57BL/6 mouse liver
Authors: Chen Dianhui , Luo Xueping , Xie Hongyan , Gao Zhiyan , Fang Huilong , Huang Jun 
Published: April 2013

SummarySchistosomiasis japonica is a severe tropical disease caused by the parasitic worm Schistosoma japonicum. Among the most serious pathological effects of S. japonicum infection are hepatic lesions (cirrhosis and fibrosis) and portal hypertension. Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and infectious conditions, including schistosomiasis. We infected C57BL/6 mice with S. japonicum and isolated lymphocytes from the liver to identify cell subsets with high IL‐17 expression and release using flow cytometry and ELISA. Expression and release of IL‐17 was significantly higher in hepatic lymphocytes from infected mice compared with control mice in response to both non‐specific stimulation with anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody plus/anti‐CD28 monoclonal antibody and PMA plus ionomycin. We then compared IL‐17 expression in three hepatic T‐cell subsets, T helper, natural killer T and γδT cells, to determine the major source of IL‐17 during infection. Interleukin‐17 was induced in all three subsets by PMA + ionomycin, but γδT lymphocytes exhibited the largest increase in expression. We then established a mouse model to further investigate the role of IL‐17 in granulomatous and fibrosing inflammation against parasite eggs. Reducing IL‐17 activity using anti‐IL‐17A antibodies decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen deposition in the livers of infected C57BL/6 mice. The serum levels of soluble egg antigen (IL) ‐specific IgGs were enhanced by anti‐IL‐17A monoclonal antibody blockade, suggesting that IL‐17 normally serves to suppress this humoral response. These findings suggest that γδT cells are the most IL‐17‐producing cells and that IL‐17 contributes to granulomatous inflammatory and fibrosing reactions in S. japonicum‐infected C57BL/6 mouse liver.