bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a rapid cell‐fusion‐based phenotypic HIV‐1 tropism assay
Authors: Teeranaipong Phairote , Hosoya Noriaki , Kawana‐Tachikawa Ai , Fujii Takeshi , Koibuchi Tomohiko , Nakamura Hitomi , Koga Michiko , Kondo Naoyuki , Gao George F , Hoshino Hiroo , Matsuda Zene , Iwamoto Aikichi 
Published: September 2013

IntroductionA dual split reporter protein system (DSP), recombining Renilla luciferase (RL) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) split into two different constructs (DSP1–7 and DSP8–11), was adapted to create a novel rapid phenotypic tropism assay (PTA) for HIV‐1 infection (DSP‐Pheno).MethodsDSP1–7 was stably expressed in the glioma‐derived NP‐2 cell lines, which expressed CD4/CXCR4 (N4X4) or CD4/CCR5 (N4R5), respectively. An expression vector with DSP8–11 (pRE11) was constructed. The HIV‐1 envelope genes were subcloned in pRE11 (pRE11‐env) and transfected into 293FT cells. Transfected 293FT cells were incubated with the indicator cell lines independently. In developing the assay, we selected the DSP1–7‐positive clones that showed the highest GFP activity after complementation with DSP8–11. These cell lines, designated N4R5‐DSP1–7, N4X4‐DSP1–7 were used for subsequent assays.ResultsThe env gene from the reference strains (BaL for R5 virus, NL4‐3 for X4 virus, SF2 for dual tropic virus) subcloned in pRE11 and tested, was concordant with the expected co‐receptor usage. Assay results were available in two ways (RL or GFP). The assay sensitivity by RL activity was comparable with those of the published phenotypic assays using pseudovirus. The shortest turnaround time was 5 days after obtaining the patient's plasma. All clinical samples gave positive RL signals on R5 indicator cells in the fusion assay. Median RLU value of the low CD4 group was significantly higher on X4 indicator cells and suggested the presence of more dual or X4 tropic viruses in this group of patients. Comparison of representative samples with Geno2Pheno [co‐receptor] assay was concordant.ConclusionsA new cell‐fusion‐based, high‐throughput PTA for HIV‐1, which would be suitable for in‐house studies, was developed. Equipped with two‐way reporter system, RL and GFP, DSP‐Pheno is a sensitive test with short turnaround time. Although maintenance of cell lines and laboratory equipment is necessary, it provides a safe assay system without infectious viruses. With further validation against other conventional analyses, DSP‐Pheno may prove to be a useful laboratory tool. The assay may be useful especially for the research on non‐B subtype HIV‐1 whose co‐receptor usage has not been studied much.
Berechnung spezifischer Geschwindigkeitskonstanten k(E) für Zerfallsreaktionen I. Pyrolyse und Photolyse von NO2
Authors: Gaedtke H. , Troe J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractNach der Theorie des aktivierten Komplexes werden spezifische Geschwindigkeitskonstanten k(E) für Zerfallsreaktionen bei verschiedenen Anregungsenergien E berechnet. Zur Lokalisierung der Lage aktivierter Komplexe wird das Prinzip des Minimums der Zustandsdichte systematisch angewandt. Wegen der starken Kopplung zwischen Reaktionskoordinate und Molekülrest liegen die aktivierten Komplexe weit vor den Zentrifugalmaxima. Ihre Lage hängt stark von der Anregungsenergie, jedoch nur schwach vom Rotationszustand ab. Bei zu hohen Anregungsenergien existieren aktivierte Komplexe im definierten Sinne nicht mehr. Die Berechnungen von k(E) stehen in guter Übereinstimmung mit Experimenten zur Photolyse von NO2 sowie zur thermischen Dissoziation und Rekombination O + NO  NO2 im Hochdruckbereich.
Multivariate pattern analysis of DTI reveals differential white matter in individuals with obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Li Fei , Huang Xiaoqi , Tang Wanjie , Yang Yanchun , Li Bin , Kemp Graham J. , Mechelli Andrea , Gong Qiyong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have revealed group differences in white matter between patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy controls. However, the results of these studies were based on average differences between the two groups, and therefore had limited clinical applicability. The objective of this study was to investigate whether fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter can be used to discriminate between patients with OCD and healthy controls at the level of the individual. DTI data were acquired from 28 OCD patients and 28 demographically matched healthy controls, scanned using a 3T MRI system. Differences in FA values of white matter between OCD and healthy controls were examined using a multivariate pattern classification technique known as support vector machine (SVM). SVM applied to FA images correctly identified OCD patients with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 82% resulting in a statistically significant accuracy of 84% (P ≤ 0.001). This discrimination was based on a distributed network including bilateral prefrontal and temporal regions, inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, superior fronto‐parietal fasciculus, splenium of corpus callosum and left middle cingulum bundle. The present study demonstrates subtle and spatially distributed white matter abnormalities in individuals with OCD, and provides preliminary support for the suggestion that that these could be used to aid the identification of individuals with OCD in clinical practice. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2643–2651, 2014. © 2013 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc..
Attribution of primary formaldehyde and sulfur dioxide at Texas City during SHARP/formaldehyde and olefins from large industrial releases (FLAIR) using an adjoint chemistry transport model
Authors: Olaguer Eduardo P. , Herndon Scott C. , Buzcu‐Guven Birnur , Kolb Charles E. , Brown Michael J. , Cuclis Alex E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAn adjoint version of the Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) neighborhood air quality model with 200 m horizontal resolution, coupled offline to the Quick Urban & Industrial Complex (QUIC‐URB) fast response urban wind model, was used to perform 4‐D variational (4Dvar) inverse modeling of an industrial release of formaldehyde (HCHO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in Texas City, Texas during the 2009 Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursors (SHARP). The source attribution was based on real‐time observations by the Aerodyne mobile laboratory and a high resolution 3‐D digital model of the emitting petrochemical complex and surrounding urban canopy. The inverse model estimate of total primary HCHO emitted during the incident agrees very closely with independent remote sensing estimates based on both Imaging and Multi‐Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS). Whereas a previous analysis of Imaging DOAS data attributed the HCHO release to a Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU), the HARC model attributed most of the HCHO event emissions to both the FCCU and desulfurization processes. Fugitives contributed significantly to primary HCHO, as did combustion processes, whereas the latter accounted for most SO2 event emissions. The inferred HCHO‐to‐SO2 molar emission ratio was similar to that computed directly from ambient air measurements during the release. The model‐estimated HCHO‐to‐CO molar emission ratio for combustion units with significant inferred emissions ranged from 2% to somewhat less than 7%, consistent with other observationally‐based estimates obtained during SHARP. A model sensitivity study demonstrated that the inclusion of urban morphology has a significant, but not critical, impact on the source attribution.
The Geography of Citizen Crime Reporting
Authors: Wisnieski Elise , Bologeorges Stephanie , Johnson Tina , Henry David B. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractResearch has shown variable conceptualizations of neighborhood, often inconsistent with administrative boundaries. The present investigation seeks to quantify the geographic area encompassed by citizens’ reporting of crime. Two Chicago violence prevention organizations gathered near real‐time citizen reports of crime and other precursors of violence in a south side community. Over the course of 6 months, 48 community residents participated in a weekly telephone survey about incidents occurring in their community, including crime, incivilities, and disorder. For each incident reported in the study community, respondents were asked to specify its location, whether it was witnessed or heard about, and if it occurred within one block of their residence. Incident locations were geocoded and used to compute distance from residence. Incident reporting radii were calculated for all types of incidents. Calculated distances of events reported within a block revealed discrepancies between resident perceptions and geographic apportionments. On average, incident reports spanned just over a half‐mile geographic radius from respondents’ residences. Reporting radii were greater for more violent incidents and shorter for incidents witnessed directly. There was no effect of age, gender, length of residence, or length of participation in the study on reporting radii. Descriptions of reporting radii and implications for crime prevention efforts and research are discussed.
Perceived Benefits of a Radiology Resident Mentoring Program: Comparison of Residents with Self-Selected vs Assigned Mentors
Authors: Yamada Kei , Slanetz Priscilla J. , Boiselle Phillip M. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose It has been suggested that assigned mentoring relationships are less successful than those that develop by free choice. This study evaluates radiology residents' overall experience with a mentoring program and compares the responses of those who self-selected mentors with those who were assigned mentors. Methods A voluntary Web-based survey was sent to 27 radiology residents in postgraduate years 3-5. Data collected included the following: year in residency, method of mentor assignment, duration of relationship, frequency and types of communication, perceived value of mentoring, overall satisfaction with the program, and the perceived impact of mentoring. Results Twenty-five of 27 residents (93%) responded, with 14 having self-selected mentors (56%) and 11 having assigned mentors (44%). Both groups unanimously agreed that mentoring is beneficial or critical to their training; however, those residents with self-selected mentors were significantly more satisfied with the mentoring program (4 vs 3.3; P = .04) and more likely to consider their mentor as their primary mentor compared with those with assigned mentors (11 [79%] vs 4 [36%]; P = .049). Although all residents perceived a benefit, residents with self-selected mentors rated almost all mentoring parameters more positively than those with assigned mentors, although most of these parameters did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Residents highly value the importance of mentoring. However, residents who self-select their mentors are more likely to be satisfied with a mentoring program.
Glioma‐derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes mast cell recruitment in a STAT5‐dependent manner
Authors: Põlajeva Jelena , Bergström Tobias , Edqvist Per-Henrik , Lundequist Anders , Sjösten Anna , Nilsson Gunnar , Smits Anja , Bergqvist Michael , Pontén Fredrik , Westermark Bengt , Pejler Gunnar , Forsberg Nilsson Karin , Tchougounova Elena 
Published: September 2013

Recently, glioma research has increased its focus on the diverse types of cells present in brain tumors. We observed previously that gliomas are associated with a profound accumulation of mast cells (MCs) and here we investigate the underlying mechanism.Gliomas express a plethora of chemoattractants. First, we demonstrated pronounced migration of human MCs toward conditioned medium from cultures of glioma cell lines. Subsequent cytokine array analyses of media from cells, cultured in either serum‐containing or ‐free conditions, revealed a number of candidates which were secreted in high amounts in both cell lines. Among these, we then focused on macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which has been reported to be pro‐inflammatory and ‐tumorigenic. Infiltration of MCs was attenuated by antibodies that neutralized MIF. Moreover, a positive correlation between the number of MCs and the level of MIF in a large cohort of human glioma tissue samples was observed.Further, both glioma‐conditioned media and purified MIF promoted differential phosphorylation of a number of signaling molecules, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), in MCs. Inhibition of pSTAT5 signaling significantly attenuated the migration of MCs toward glioma cell‐conditioned medium shown to contain MIF. In addition, analysis of tissue microarrays (TMAs) of high‐grade gliomas revealed a direct correlation between the level of pSTAT5 in MCs and the level of MIF in the medium.In conclusion, these findings indicate the important influence of signaling cascades involving MIF and STAT5 on the recruitment of MCs to gliomas.
The Concurrent Validity and Responsiveness of the High‐Level Mobility Assessment Tool for Mobility Limitations in People With Multitrauma Orthopedic Injuries
Authors: Williams Gavin , Hill Bridget , Kahn Michelle 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the concurrent validity, responsiveness, and ceiling effect of the revised High‐Level Mobility Assessment Tool (HiMAT) in persons after orthopedic multitrauma.DesignCross‐sectional sample of convenience.SettingA large tertiary rehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsForty‐three participants with orthopedic multitrauma lower limb injuries that resulted from motor vehicle accidents.MethodsThis study compared the concurrent validity, responsiveness, and ceiling effects of the revised HiMAT, motor subsection of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) instrument. Performances for all participants were concurrently scored on the motor FIM, revised HiMAT, and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) at initial testing, and 6 and 12 weeks after the decision to fully bear weight.Main Outcome MeasurementsRevised HiMAT, motor FIM, and LEFS.ResultsThe correlation between the revised HiMAT and the motor FIM was moderate (r = 0.49; P <.001) and partly induced by a ceiling effect in the motor FIM. After 12 weeks of full weight bearing, 51.2% of participants achieved the maximum score on the motor FIM. The correlation between the revised HiMAT and LEFS was weak (r = 0.39; P = .012), which indicated a weak relationship between self‐reported mobility problems and actual performance. The revised HiMAT was more responsive than the motor FIM and the LEFS, based on the proportion of persons who exceeded the minimal detectable change score over a period of 6 and 12 weeks.ConclusionThe revised HiMAT is more responsive to change than the LEFS and motor FIM, and less susceptible to a ceiling effect than the motor FIM for persons with orthopedic multitrauma. It has poor‐to‐moderate concurrent validity with the LEFS and motor FIM, which suggests that it may be measuring a different aspect of mobility.
An analysis of 100 referrals for depression from primary care to an adult mental health service
Authors: Rogers C. , Heatherington S. , Carroll M. , Leonard M. , Cullen W. , Meagher D. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesImproving the interface between primary care and mental health services is a key target in current healthcare policy in Ireland. This study examines the content of referrals from primary care to a community mental health service for apparent depression.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 100 patients with depression who consecutively attended a specialist mental health service in Ireland's midwest region. Records were reviewed for demographic and clinical information provided by the doctor at the time of referral, subsequent service engagement, diagnosis and treatment initiated.ResultsThere was considerable variation in the content and presentation of information contained in referral letters. Eleven per cent used structured HSE mental health referral forms. Seventy-six per cent of referrals contained clear information regarding name, address, symptoms and treatment previously initiated. Specifically, low mood, biological symptoms of depression and illness severity were documented in 43%, 34% and 27%, respectively. Suicide risk was documented in 20%. More detail was significantly associated with more severe illness. At initial specialist assessment, 71% had commenced antidepressant treatment, with 11% having received an adequate trial of a first antidepressant and 3% an adequate trial of two antidepressants. Two-thirds were diagnosed with mild/moderate depression. Initiation of antidepressant treatment was linked to subsequent diagnosis of depressive illness by mental health services (p< 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings indicate variable referral practices from general practice to mental health in our region. Most referrals were for mild to moderate depression. Poor access to psychological services locally may be a key factor in this phenomenon.
Inter- and intraspecific interactions in two mealybug predators Spalgis epius and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri in the presence and absence of prey
Authors: Dinesh A.S. , Venkatesha M.G. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSpalgis epius and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri are the two potential predators of different species of mealybugs. However, the mode of their interactions is not known to use these predators together in the field. Hence, we investigated on the possible interactions i.e., cannibalism, intraguild predation (IGP) and competition between the predators in the presence and absence of prey Planococcus citri. In the presence of prey, no cannibalism and predation were observed in both S. epius and C. montrouzieri larvae. A pair of S. epius larvae consumed significantly more number of mealybugs than one S. epius/C. montrouzieri larva or a pair of C. montrouzieri larvae. The predation of S. epius larva by C. montrouzieri larva was significantly more than the predation of C. montrouzieri by S. epius. Conspecific and interspecific egg predation was absent both in S. epius and C. montrouzieri. Cannibalism in C. montrouzieri was more than that in S. epius. The study indicated that C. montrouzieri larvae can be used as an additive along with voracious S. epius larvae under abundant prey population. IGP was asymmetric between the two predators in the absence of prey. Both S. epius and C. montrouzieri larvae can maintain a stable coexistence when prey is abundantly available, however, in the complete absence of prey C. montrouzieri may dominate the guild. This study provides an insight into the possible complex inter- and intraspecific predatory phenomena in the field to use these two predators in the biological control of mealybugs.
Effect of field edges on dispersal and distribution of colonizing stink bugs across farmscapes of the Southeast USA
Authors: Tillman P.G. , Cottrell T.E. , Mizell R.F. , Kramer E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractStink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), including Nezara viridula (L.), Euschistus servus (Say), and Chinavia hilaris (Say), are economic pests in farmscapes where they move within and between closely associated crop and non-crop habitats. Thus, field edges in these farmscapes include not only crop-to-crop interfaces but also those edges adjoining non-crop habitats. We examined the influence of field edges on colonization of stink bugs in southeastern USA farmscapes composed of typical combinations of corn, peanut, and cotton. For E. servus and N. viridula, egg-to-adult development and presence of both sexes on all crops indicated that the crops served as reproductive plants. Adult C. hilaris were rarely found on corn and on crops associated with it, and they were present mainly in cotton in peanut–cotton farmscapes. Mature crop height was significantly higher for corn than for cotton and significantly higher for cotton over peanut, and an edge effect in dispersal of stink bugs into a crop was detected up to 4.6, 8.2, and 14.6 m from the crop-to-crop interface in corn, cotton, and peanut, respectively. These results suggest that stink bug dispersal into a crop decreases as crop height increases. The first stink bug-infested crop at the crop-to-crop interface was the most significant contributor of colonizing stink bugs to an adjacent crop. An edge effect in dispersal of stink bug adults was detected in corn next to non-woodlands and woodlands and in cotton adjacent to woodlands. Edge effects were never detected in side edges of peanut. Overall, our results indicate that both plant height and host plant suitability can influence edge-mediated dispersal of stink bugs at field edges.
How ‘age-friendly’ are rural communities and what community characteristics are related to age-friendliness? The case of rural Manitoba, Canada
Authors: MENEC VERENA H. , HUTTON LOUISE , NEWALL NANCY , NOWICKI SCOTT , SPINA JOHN , VESELYUK DAWN 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTSince the World Health Organization introduced the concept of ‘age-friendly’ communities in 2006, there has been rapidly growing interest in making communities more age-friendly on the part of policy makers world-wide. There is a paucity of research to date, however, that has examined age-friendliness in diverse communities, particularly in rural communities. The main objective of the study reported in this paper was to examine whether age-friendliness varies across community characteristics, such as a population size. The study was based on surveys administered in 56 communities throughout Manitoba, a mid-Western Canadian province, in the context of a needs assessment process for communities that are part of the Age-Friendly Manitoba Initiative. A total of 1,373 individuals completed a survey developed to measure age-friendliness. Domains included the physical environment; housing options; the social environment; opportunities for participation; community supports and health-care services; transportation options; and communication and information. Community characteristics were derived from census data. Multi-level regression analysis indicated that the higher the percentage of residents aged 65 or older, the higher the ratings of age-friendliness overall and, specifically, ratings of the social environment, opportunities for participation, and communication and information. Moreover, small communities located within a census metropolitan area and remote communities in the far north of the province emerged as having the lowest age-friendliness ratings. These findings suggest that communities are generally responsive to the needs of their older residents. That different results were obtained for the various age-friendly domains underscores the importance of considering age-friendliness in a holistic way and measuring it in terms of a range of community features. Our study further highlights the importance of differentiating between degrees of rurality, as different patterns emerged for communities of different sizes and proximity to a larger urban centre.
High prevalence of Nova hantavirus infection in the European mole (Talpa europaea) in France
Authors: GU S. H. , DORMION J. , HUGOT J.-P. , YANAGIHARA R. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYRecent discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses in shrews and moles (order Soricomorpha, family Soricidae and Talpidae) has challenged the conventional view that rodents serve as the principal reservoir hosts. Nova virus (NVAV), previously identified in archival liver tissue of a single European mole (Talpa europaea) from Hungary, represents one of the most highly divergent hantaviruses identified to date. To ascertain the spatial distribution and genetic diversity of NVAV, we employed RT–PCR to analyse lungs from 94 moles, captured in two locations in France, during October 2012 to March 2013. NVAV was detected in more than 60% of moles at each location, suggesting efficient enzootic virus transmission and confirming that this mole species serves as the reservoir host. Although the pathogenic potential of NVAV is unknown, the widespread geographical distribution of the European mole might pose a hantavirus exposure risk for humans.