bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using weight-for-age as a screening tool for metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy adolescents
Authors: Oselka Noa , Dubnov-Raz Gal , Ziv-Baran Tomer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adolescents necessitates a simple and easy-to-use screening tool. This study aimed to develop and validate a simple model based on age, sex, race, and weight-for-age or BMI-for-age to identify adolescents with MetS.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of adolescents (aged 12–18 years) who participated in the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was performed. Participants with pre-existing hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia were excluded. Data from 2005–2018 were randomly divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets. Anthropometric, demographic data, and MetS criteria were extracted.

Results
The training group included 1974 adolescents (52% boys, median age 15 years), and the validation group included 848 adolescents (50% boys, median age 14 years). Both weight- and BMI-for-age demonstrated good discrimination ability in the training group (AUC = 0.897 and 0.902, respectively), with no significant difference between them (p = 0.344). Multivariable models showed similar discrimination ability. Therefore, weight-for-age was chosen and using Youden’s index, the 93rd weight-for-age percentile (SDS 1.5) was identified as the optimal cut-off value for MetS. Similar values were observed in the validation group.

Conclusions
Among adolescents aged 12–18 years, weight-for-age percentiles are an easy-to-use primary screening indicator for the presence of MetS.

Impact

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents is increasing.

An early detection screening tool is required to prevent related adulthood morbidity.

Screening adolescents for metabolic syndrome is challenging.

This study suggests the use of weight-for-age as a single criterion for primary screening of adolescents aged 12–18.

Using weight-for-age as a single predictor of metabolic syndrome is expected to increase screening rates compared to using BMI-for-age, due to its simplicity.
Bose–Einstein condensation of light in a semiconductor quantum well microcavity
Authors: Schofield Ross C. , Fu Ming , Clarke Edmund , Farrer Ian , Trapalis Aristotelis , Dhar Himadri S. , Mukherjee Rick , Severs Millard Toby , Heffernan Jon , Mintert Florian , Nyman Robert A. , Oulton Rupert F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen particles with integer spin accumulate at low temperature and high density, they undergo Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC). Atoms, magnons, solid-state excitons, surface plasmon polaritons and excitons coupled to light exhibit BEC, which results in high coherence due to massive occupation of the respective system’s ground state. Surprisingly, photons were shown to exhibit BEC recently in organic-dye-filled optical microcavities, which—owing to the photon’s low mass—occurs at room temperature. Here we demonstrate that photons within an inorganic semiconductor microcavity also thermalize and undergo BEC. Although semiconductor lasers are understood to operate out of thermal equilibrium, we identify a region of good thermalization in our system where we can clearly distinguish laser action from BEC. Semiconductor microcavities are a robust system for exploring the physics and applications of quantum statistical photon condensates. In practical terms, photon BECs offer their critical behaviour at lower thresholds than lasers. Our study shows two further advantages: the lack of dark electronic states in inorganic semiconductors allows these BECs to be sustained continuously; and quantum wells offer stronger photon–photon scattering. We measure an unoptimized interaction parameter ($$\tilde{{{{{g}}}}}$$

g

̃

≳ 10–3), which is large enough to access the rich physics of interactions within BECs, such as superfluid light.
A Genomics England haplotype reference panel and imputation of UK Biobank
Authors: Shi Sinan , Rubinacci Simone , Hu Sile , Moutsianas Loukas , Stuckey Alex , Need Anna C. , Palamara Pier Francesco , Caulfield Mark , Marchini Jonathan , Myers Simon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe built a reference panel with 342 million autosomal variants using 78,195 individuals from the Genomics England (GEL) dataset, achieving a phasing switch error rate of 0.18% for European samples and imputation quality of r2 = 0.75 for variants with minor allele frequencies as low as 2 × 10−4 in white British samples. The GEL-imputed UK Biobank genome-wide association analysis identified 70% of associations found by direct exome sequencing (P < 2.18 × 10−11), while extending testing of rare variants to the entire genome. Coding variants dominated the rare-variant genome-wide association results, implying less disruptive effects of rare non-coding variants.
Chromosome-level assembly and evolution analysis of the Trichosanthes truncata genome
Authors: Hu Ying , Wei Xiaomei , Chu Zhuannan , Wei Fan , Peng Yude , Huang Baoyou , Dong Ling , Wei Kunhua , Li Weiwen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTrichosanthes truncata C. B. Clarke, an important medicinal plant, is a dioecious plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. This study presents a chromosomal-level reference genome assembly for T. truncata. Through the integration of PacBio high-fidelity sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technology, a final genome sequence of 637.41 Mb was assembled, with an N50 of 57.24 Mb and consisting of 11 pseudochromosomes. Additionally, 97.21 Mb of repetitive sequences and 36,172 protein-coding genes were annotated. This high-quality genome assembly is of utmost significance for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, this study provided valuable insights into plant comparative genomics research.
Functional and aesthetic results of the Z-shaped and straight lower lip-splitting incision: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Miao Cheng , Zheng Ying , Ma Zhongkai , Bai Lu , Hong Guang , Li Longjiang , Li Chunjie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe lip-splitting approach enables excellent access to all areas of the mouth and pharynx to remove tumors; however, traditional lower lip-splitting incisions produce an unsatisfactory scar. To achieve better functional and aesthetic results, we used a Z-shaped incision and compared the functional and aesthetic outcomes of the straight and Z-shaped incisions. Sixty patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups and underwent lip-splitting between March 2021 and September 2023. Eventually, 77 patients were reviewed within 6 months and evaluated using the lip function assessment scale, patient and observer scar assessment scale, naïve observer scar assessment scale, and a clinical examination. The Z-shaped incision group performed better in terms of the lip pout movement at 3 months and in the subjective overall opinion, color, irregularity, and pigmentation at 6 months. The Z-shaped incision group had a lower incidence of notched vermilion. In conclusion, Z-shaped lower lip-splitting incisions have better functional and aesthetic outcomes than traditional straight incisions.Trial registration: Public title: Difference between the effect of Z-shaped and vertical incisions of labiobuccal flap on the recovery of lower lip scars. Registration date: 09/03/2021. Registration number: ChiCTR2100044084. Registry URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn.
Green highly sensitive and selective spectroscopic detection of guaifenesin in multiple dosage forms and spiked human plasma
Authors: Mikawy Neven N. , Magdy Nancy , Mohamed Marwa H. , El-Kosasy Amira M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGuaifenesin (GUA) is determined in dosage forms and plasma using two methods. The spectrofluorimetric technique relies on the measurement of native fluorescence intensity at 302 nm upon excitation wavelength “223 nm”. The method was validated according to ICH and FDA guidelines. A concentration range of 0.1–1.1 μg/mL was used, with limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values 0.03 and 0.08 µg/mL, respectively. This method was used to measure GUA in tablets and plasma, with %recovery of 100.44% ± 0.037 and 101.03% ± 0.751. Furthermore, multivariate chemometric-assisted spectrophotometric methods are used for the determination of GUA, paracetamol (PARA), oxomemazine (OXO), and sodium benzoate (SB) in their lab mixtures. The concentration ranges of 2.0–10.0, 4.0–16.0, 2.0–10.0, and 3.0–10.0 µg/mL for OXO, GUA, PARA, and SB; respectively, were used. LOD and LOQ were 0.33, 0.68, 0.28, and 0.29 µg/mL, and 1.00, 2.06, 0.84, and 0.87 µg/mL for PARA, GUA, OXO, and SB. For the suppository application, the partial least square (PLS) model was used with %recovery 98.49% ± 0.5, 98.51% ± 0.64, 100.21% ± 0.36 & 98.13% ± 0.51, although the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) model was used with %recovery 101.39 ± 0.45, 99.19 ± 0.2, 100.24 ± 0.12, and 98.61 ± 0.32 for OXO, GUA, PARA, and SB. Analytical Eco-scale and Analytical Greenness Assessment were used to assess the greenness level of our techniques.
Sea surface circulation in the Baltic Sea: decomposed components and pattern recognition
Authors: Barzandeh Amirhossein , Maljutenko Ilja , Rikka Sander , Lagemaa Priidik , Männik Aarne , Uiboupin Rivo , Raudsepp Urmas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBy decomposing the total sea surface current into its geostrophic and ageostrophic components, we examined the contribution of each to the long-term variability of the total sea surface current. Our findings demonstrate the importance of geostrophic currents in Baltic Sea gyre formations. Additionally, ageostrophic currents contribute significantly to the flow across the region. Quantifying the difference between total sea surface current fields has revealed two dominant general sea surface circulation patterns in the Baltic Sea, whose characteristics correspond to the monthly mean climatology of sea surface current fields in May and December. Subsequently, a machine learning technique was employed to effectively detect the types of sea surface circulation patterns using wind vectors and sea level anomaly fields. This underscored the combined influence of sea level anomaly-driven and wind-driven components in shaping surface current vectors in the Baltic Sea, consistent with geostrophic and ageostrophic decompositions.
Optical coherence tomography quantifies gradient refractive index and mechanical stiffness gradient across the human lens
Authors: Kling Sabine , Frigelli Matteo , Aydemir M. Enes , Tahsini Vahoora , Torres-Netto Emilio A. , Kollros Leonard , Hafezi Farhad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
As a key element of ocular accommodation, the inherent mechanical stiffness gradient and the gradient refractive index (GRIN) of the crystalline lens determine its deformability and optical functionality. Quantifying the GRIN profile and deformation characteristics in the lens has the potential to improve the diagnosis and follow-up of lenticular disorders and guide refractive interventions in the future.

Methods
Here, we present a type of optical coherence elastography able to examine the mechanical characteristics of the human crystalline lens and the GRIN distribution in vivo. The concept is demonstrated in a case series of 12 persons through lens displacement and strain measurements in an age-mixed group of human subjects in response to an external (ambient pressure modulation) and an intrinsic (micro-fluctuations of accommodation) mechanical deformation stimulus.

Results
Here we show an excellent agreement between the high-resolution strain map retrieved during steady-state micro-fluctuations and earlier reports on lens stiffness in the cortex and nucleus suggesting a 2.0 to 2.3 times stiffer cortex than the nucleus in young lenses and a 1.0 to 7.0 times stiffer nucleus than the cortex in the old lenses.

Conclusions
Optical coherence tomography is suitable to quantify the internal stiffness and refractive index distribution of the crystalline lens in vivo and thus might contribute to reveal its inner working mechanism. Our methodology provides new routes for ophthalmic pre-surgical examinations and basic research.
Bright-rimmed clouds in IC 1396
Authors: Okada Yoko , Kabanovic Slawa , Güsten Rolf , Ossenkopf-Okada Volker , Schneider Nicola , Simon Robert , Buchbender Christof , Higgins Ronan , Yanitski Craig , Röllig Markus , Stutzki Jürgen , Ishihara Daisuke , Tanaka Kunihiko , Chambers Edward , Honingh Netty , Justen Matthias , Riquelme Denise 
Published: August 2024

Aims. We investigate the dynamical and physical structures of bright-rimmed clouds (BRCs) in a nearby H II region. We focused on carbon- and oxygen-bearing species that trace photon-dominated regions (PDRs) and warm molecular cloud surfaces in order to understand the effect of UV radiation from the exciting stars on the cloud structure.
Methods. We mapped four regions around the most prominent BRCs at scales of 4–10 arcmin in the H II region IC 1396 (IC 1396A, B, D, and E) in [C II] 158 µm with (up)GREAT on board SOFIA. IC 1396 is predominantly excited by an O6.5V star. Toward IC 1396A, we also observed [O I] 63 µm and 145 µm. We combined these observations with JCMT archive data, which provide the low-J transitions of CO, 13CO, and C18O. All spectra are velocity-resolved.
Results. The line profiles in the four mapped regions show a variety of velocity structures, which we investigated in detail for all observed emission lines. IC 1396B and D show clearly distinct velocity components that overlap along the line of sight. We find no clear sign of photoevaporating flows in the [C II] spectra, although the uncertainty in the location of the BRCs along the line of sight makes this interpretation inconclusive. Our analysis of the [13C II] emission in IC1396 A, which has the best signal-to-noise ratio, suggests that the [C II] is likely mostly optically thin. The heating efficiency, measured by the ([C II]+[O I] 63 µm)/far-infrared intensity ratio, is higher in the northern part of IC 1396A than in the southern part, which may indicate a difference in the dust properties of the two areas.
Conclusions. The complex velocity structures identified in the BRCs of IC 1396, which is apparently a relatively simple H II region, highlight the importance of velocity-resolved data for disentangling different components along the line of sight and thus facilitating a detailed study of the dynamics of the cloud. We also demonstrate that the optically thin [13C II] and [O I] 145 µm emission lines are essential for a conclusive interpretation of the [C II] 158 µm and [O I] 63 µm line profiles.
eROSITA (eRASS1) study of the Canis Major overdensity: Developing a multi-wavelength algorithm for classifying faint X-ray sources
Authors: Saeedi Sara , Sasaki Manami , Knies Jonathan , Robrade Jan , Heindl Theresa , Zainab Aafia , Hämmerich Steven , Reh Martin , Wilms Joern 
Published: August 2024

Context. Using data from eROSITA (extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array) on board Spektrum-Roentgen- Gamma (Spektr-RG, SRG) taken during the first eROSITAall-sky survey (eRASS1), we performed the first X-ray classification and population study in the field of the Canis Major overdensity (CMa OD), which is an elliptical-shaped stellar overdensity located at l = -240°, b = −80°.
Aims. This study aims to identify the X-ray sources in CMa OD. We developed a classification algorithm using multi-wavelength criteria as a preliminary method for the classification of faint X-ray sources, specifically in regions with a high source number density.
Methods. We used the brightness of the multi-wavelength counterparts (mainly from infrared and optical catalogues), along with the X-ray flux and X-ray hardness ratios (HRs) to classify the sources.
Results. Out of a total number of 8311 X-ray sources, we classified 1029 sources as Galactic stars and binaries in the foreground, 946 sources as active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and galaxies in the background, and 435 sources with stellar counterparts that may belong to either the MW or CMa OD. Among the sources with a stellar counterpart, we identified 34 symbiotic star candidates, plus 335 sources, of which the infrared (IR) counterparts have properties of M-giants in CMa OD. Moreover, there is a known high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB, 4U 0728-25) in the field of our study; according to the Gaia parallax of its companion, it appears to be a member of CMa OD. There is also a recently detected transient low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB, SRGt J071522.1-191609) is also present; it may be a member of CMa OD based on its companion, which is most likely highly absorbed and is thus located behind the Galactic disk. In addition, we present the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of members and candidate members of CMa OD. It is dominated by sources with luminosities of <2 × 1032–1033 erg s−1 in the energy range of 0.2–2.3 keV. These sources are expected to be either accreting white dwarfs or quiescent LMXBs.
Zementaustritt nach Augmentation osteoporotischer Wirbelkörper
Authors: Aziz Mina , Kniep Inga , Ondruschka Benjamin , Püschel Klaus , Hessler Christian 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Zementaustritt ist die häufigste Komplikation bei der Zementaugmentation von Wirbelkörpern. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Zementaustrittsraten bei Zementaugmentationen an der Wirbelsäule untersucht und potenzielle Risikofaktoren für einen Zementaustritt identifiziert.Es wurden 140 Fälle von 131 Patienten und Patientinnen und 9 Verstorbenen ausgewertet. Insgesamt wurden 258 zementaugmentierte Wirbelkörper untersucht. Die Daten dafür stammen aus den Krankenhausdokumentationen von 131 Patienten und Patientinnen, die sich in 2 orthopädisch-unfallchirurgischen Kliniken in der BRD solchen Operationen unterzogen, sowie aus den Untersuchungen von 9 Sterbefällen im Institut für Rechtsmedizin der Universitätsklinikums Hamburg-Eppendorf.Zementaustritte wurden in 64 der 140 Fälle (45,7%) ermittelt. Lokale Zementaustritte waren mit 73,4% (n = 47) die häufigste Austrittsart. Venöse Austritte wurden in 15 Fällen (23,4%) und Lungenzementembolisationen in 2 Fällen (3,1%) evaluiert. Innerhalb des Kollektivs der retrospektiv untersuchten Fälle (n = 131) erlitt lediglich 1 Patient (0,8%) einen symptomatischen Zementaustritt. Als Risikofaktoren für Zementaustritte konnten Zementaugmentationen von Frakturen an Lendenwirbelkörpern sowie eine hohe applizierte Zementmenge identifiziert werden.Sowohl die Daten in der assoziierten Literatur als auch die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit belegen eine hohe Inzidenz von Zementaustritten nach Wirbelkörperaugmentationen. Trotz des geringen prozentualen Anteils symptomatischer Fälle sollten bei der Planung und Durchführung von Zementaugmentationen an Wirbelkörpern die möglichen Einflussfaktoren für einen Zementaustritt berücksichtigt und in die OP-Planung einbezogen werden.
Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia via an
Untargeted Metabolomics Strategy
Authors: Liu Fangling , Kang Chongxin , Hu Zheng , Luo Xiaoping , Wu Wei , Tao Qiuying , Chi Quan , Yang Jing , Wang Xian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) manifests as an autosomal recessive disorder
characterized by defects in the enzymes responsible for steroid synthesis. This
work aims to perform metabolic profiling of patients with CAH, screen key
differential metabolites compared to the control group, and discover the
associated metabolic pathways implicated in CAH. Serum samples obtained from 32
pediatric male patients with CAH and 31 healthy control group candidates were
subjected to analysis using non-targeted metabolomics strategy using ultra
performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total
of 278 differential metabolites were identified and annotated in KEGG. Operating
characteristic curves (ROC) measurement exhibited 9 metabolites exhibiting high
efficacy in differential diagnosis, as evidenced by an area under ROC curve
(AUC) exceeding 0.85. Pathway analysis uncovered notable disruptions in steroid
hormone biosynthesis (p <0.0001), purine metabolism and irregularities in
lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, including tyrosine and alanine, in
CAH patients. These findings demonstrate that metabolic pathways of purine,
amino acid and lipid metabolism, apart from steroid hormone biosynthesis, may be
disrupted and associated with CAH. This study helps provide insight into the
metabolic profile of CAH patients and offers a new perspective for monitoring
and administering follow-up care to CAH patients.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Tofacitinib, a JAK Inhibitor, in
Alleviating Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Authors: Singh Vaishnavi , Joshi Kavita , Chatterjee Samit , Qureshi Sameer , Siddh Snigdha , Nunia Vandana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSepsis, a life-threatening condition triggered by an uncontrolled response to
infection, results in a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the
failure of multiple organs leading to multiple organ dysfunction (MODS). In the
present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of tofacitinib (TOFA),
an FDA-approved inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK3 against sepsis, using a mouse model
induced by cecal ligation puncture (CLP). Swiss albino mice were employed to
replicate the CLP-induced sepsis model and were randomly divided into four
groups: control, CLP, 150 mg/kg TOFA, and 300 mg/kg TOFA. Six hours after the
last TOFA dose, we collected blood and tissue samples from the liver, lungs,
kidneys, and spleen for histological analysis. Blood samples were used to assess
granulocyte and lymphocyte percentages. Throughout the experiment, we monitored
body weight and short-term survival. Our comparative histological analysis
revealed that 150 mg/kg TOFA had a protective effect against multiple organ
damage. Conversely, the study highlighted the harmful effects of 300 mg/kg TOFA,
primarily due to liver and renal toxicity within this group. In summary, our
findings demonstrate that tofacitinib at an optimal dose of 150 mg/kg showed
promise as a potential therapeutic intervention for sepsis-induced multiple
organ failure. However, caution is warranted when considering higher
dosages.
Diabetes Mellitus and its Association with Work Patterns and
Characteristics: A Narrative Review
Authors: Eleftheriou Anna , Rokou Aikaterini , Nena Evangelia , Papanas Nikolaos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a leading cause of disability with adverse effects on the
quality of life. It also affects occupational health by impacting several
work-related parameters. This review discusses the relationship between diabetes
and absenteeism, presenteeism, work impairment and unemployment. The association
between work and diabetic complications such as neuropathic pain, diabetic foot,
psychological issues and hypoglycemia due to treatment is also examined.
Evidence points to a relationship between diabetes and absenteeism, reduced work
productivity, and, thus, overall work impairment. A stronger negative impact on
work performance is mediated by painful diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot.
In addition, psychological distress has been positively correlated with total
workdays lost and frequency of absence. Depression in the diabetic population
has also been linked with increased absenteeism, presenteeism, and work
disability. Moreover, hypoglycaemia induced by antidiabetic medication may
affect work attendance and performance. Finally, diabetes has been associated
with inequality in the work environment, lower job satisfaction and higher
unemployment rates, mainly because of its complications.