bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voltage Controlled Interlayer Exchange Coupling and Magnetic Anisotropy Effects in Perpendicular Magnetic Heterostructures
Authors: Surampalli Akash , Bera Anup Kumar , Chopdekar Rajesh Vilas , Kalitsov Alan , Wan Lei , Katine Jordan , Stewart Derek , Santos Tiffany , Prasad Bhagwati 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpintronic devices that utilize spin transfer torque are promising for integrated memory applications. However, these devices face substantial energy consumption challenges due to the high current densities required for switching. Conversely, voltage‐driven spintronic devices, using capacitive displacement charge, can realize switching operations that are energy‐efficient (≈1–10 fJ bit−1). This work investigates switching based on voltage control of the interlayer exchange coupling in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) multilayered heterostructures. Unlike previous works that utilized gating techniques that employ ionic transport mechanisms to control interlayer exchange coupling, this study employs electrostatic gating by using MgO, which is more compatible with modern spintronic‐based memories. These results suggest that the magnetization anisotropy, and the magnitude, and phase of the Ruderman‐Kittel‐Kasuya‐Yosida (RKKY) coupling function with spacer layer thickness can be controlled through electric gating, providing a promising avenue for the development of energy‐efficient magnetic data storage devices.
Sub 20 nm Upconversion Photosensitizers for Near‐Infrared Photodynamic Theranostics
Authors: Nsubuga Anne , Morice Korentin , Fayad Nour , Pini Federico , Josserand Véronique , Le Guével Xavier , Alhabi Abdallah , Henry Maxime , Puchán Sánchez Dario , Plassais Nathan , Josse Pierre , Boixel Julien , Blanchard Philippe , Cabanetos Clément , Hildebrandt Niko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEfficient type II photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires stable and biocompatible photosensitizers (PS) that present low dark cytotoxicity, are photo‐excitable in deep tissue regions, and can efficiently penetrate and kill cells via in situ singlet oxygen production. Here, heavy‐metal‐free organic PS are combined with near‐infrared (NIR)‐excitable small (<20 nm) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) into UCNP‐PS nanohybrids for accomplishing such advanced PDT conditions. UCNP‐to‐PS energy transfer efficiencies between 11% and 42% and 1O2 generation quantum yields between 74% and 86% resulted in efficient NIR‐sensitized PDT. HeLa cells incubated with UCNP‐PS can be efficiently destroyed via 808 nm laser irradiance at 140 mW cm−2 for 3 min (<30% cell viability) or 3.2 W cm−2 for 6 min (<10% cell viability). Theranostic functionality of UCNP‐PS is demonstrated via live cell in situ imaging of intracellular UCNP‐PS‐mediated 1O2 production, which resulted in cell death, most probably via apoptosis. Preliminary in vivo experiments are also performed and the consequences for a detailed in vivo study toward clinical translation are discussed. The combined PDT and deep‐tissue imaging properties of the nanomolecular PS present a large potential for future implementation into advanced in vivo photodynamic theranostics.
Small Additives Make Big Differences: A Review on Advanced Additives for High‐Performance Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Kim Donggun , Hu Xin , Yu Baozhi , Chen Ying Ian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSolid‐state lithium (Li) metal batteries, represent a significant advancement in energy storage technology, offering higher energy densities and enhanced safety over traditional Li‐ion batteries. However, solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) face critical challenges such as lower ionic conductivity, poor stability at the electrode–electrolyte interface, and dendrite formation, potentially leading to short circuits and battery failure. The introduction of additives into SSEs has emerged as a transformative approach to address these challenges. A small amount of additives, encompassing a range from inorganic and organic materials to nanostructures, effectively improve ionic conductivity, drawing it nearer to that of their liquid counterparts, and strengthen mechanical properties to prevent cracking of SSEs and maintain stable interfaces. Importantly, they also play a critical role in inhibiting the growth of dendritic Li, thereby enhancing the safety and extending the lifespan of the batteries. In this review, the wide variety of additives that have been investigated, is comprehensively explored, emphasizing how they can be effectively incorporated into SSEs. By dissecting the operational mechanisms of these additives, the review hopes to provide valuable insights that can help researchers in developing more effective SSEs, leading to the creation of more efficient and reliable solid‐state Li metal batteries.
Immunogenicity of Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Xia Yutian , Zhang Jianzhong , Liu Gang , Wolfram Joy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising next‐generation therapeutics and drug delivery systems due to demonstrated safety and efficacy in preclinical models and early‐stage clinical trials. There is an urgent need to address the immunogenicity of EVs (beyond the apparent lack of immunotoxicity) to advance clinical development. To date, few studies have assessed unintended immunological recognition of EVs. An in‐depth understanding of EV‐induced immunogenicity and clearance is necessary to develop effective therapeutic strategies, including approaches to mitigate immunological recognition when undesired. This article summarizes various factors involved in the potential immunogenicity of EVs and strategies to reduce immunological recognition for improved therapeutic benefit.
Efficient and Stable Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Enabled by Contact‐Resistance‐Tunable Indium Tin Oxide Interlayer
Authors: Jin Yongbin , Feng Huiping , Fang Zheng , Zhang Hong , Yang Liu , Chen Xuelin , Li Yingji , Deng Bingru , Zhong Yawen , Zeng Qinghua , Huang Jiarong , Weng Yalian , Yang Jinxin , Tian Chengbo , Xie Liqiang , Zhang Jinyan , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe imperfect charge behavior at the interfaces of perovskite/electron‐transport layer (ETL)/transparent conducting oxide (TCO) limits the further performance improvement of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Herein, an indium tin oxide interlayer is deposited between ETL and TCO to address this issue. Specifically, the interlayer is prepared using an all‐physical and H2O‐free method, electron‐beam evaporation, which can avoid any potential damage to the underlying perovskite and ETL layers. Moreover, the interlayer's composition can be readily tuned by changing the evaporator component, enabling authors to regulate the contact resistance and energy‐level alignment of the ETL/TCO interface. Consequently, the resultant perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells exhibit an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 30.8% (certified 30.3%). Moreover, the device retains 98% of its initial PCE after continuous operation under ambient conditions for 1078 h, representing one of the most stable and efficient perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.
Aggregation‐Augmented Magnetism of Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles and Enabling Magnetic Levitation‐Based Exosome Sensing
Authors: Dong Yuanyuan , Ren Wei , Sun Yuanyuan , Duan Xinrui , Liu Chenghui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to the presence of unpaired electron orbitals in most lanthanide ions, lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles (LnNPs) exhibit paramagnetism. However, as to biosensing applications, the magnetism of LnNPs is so weak that can hardly be employed in target separation. Herein, it is discovered that the magnetism of the LnNPs is highly associated with their concentration in a confined space, enabling aggregation‐augmented magnetism to make them susceptive to a conventional magnet. Accordingly, a magnetic levitation (Maglev) sensing system is designed, in which the target exosomes can specifically introduce paramagnetic LnNPs to the microbeads’ surface, allowing aggregation‐augmented magnetism and further leverage the microbeads’ levitation height in the Maglev device to indicate the target exosomes' content. It is demonstrated that this Maglev system can precisely distinguish healthy people's blood samples from those of breast cancer patients. This is the first work to report that LnNPs hold great promise in magnetic separation‐based biological sample sorting, and the LnNP‐permitted Maglev sensing system is proven to be promising for establishing a new generation of biosensing devices.
From Lab to Application: Challenges and Opportunities in Achieving Fast Charging with Polyanionic Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Xueying , Li Shuqiang , Li Yu , Wu Feng , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), recognized for balanced energy density and cost‐effectiveness, are positioned as a promising complement to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and a substitute for lead–acid batteries, particularly in low‐speed electric vehicles and large‐scale energy storage. Despite their extensive potential, concerns about range anxiety due to lower energy density underscore the importance of fast‐charging technologies, which drives the exploration of high‐rate electrode materials. Polyanionic cathode materials are emerging as promising candidates in this regard. However, their intrinsic limitation in electronic conductivity poses challenges for synchronized electron and ion transport, hindering their suitability for fast‐charging applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of sodium ion migration during charging/discharging, highlighting it as a critical rate‐limiting step for fast charging. By delving into intrinsic dynamics, key factors that constrain fast‐charging characteristics are identified and summarized. Innovative modification routes are then introduced, with a focus on shortening migration paths and increasing diffusion coefficients, providing detailed insights into feasible strategies. Moreover, the discussion extends beyond half cells to full cells, addressing challenges and opportunities in transitioning polyanionic materials from the laboratory to practical applications. This review aims to offer valuable insights into the development of high‐rate polyanionic cathodes, acknowledging their pivotal role in advancing fast‐charging SIBs.
Observing Metallic Carriers in Highly Faceted Plasmonic Cd2SnO4 Inverse Spinel Nanocrystals
Authors: Ortega Raul E. , Smith Robert B. , Kuszynski Jason E. , Bayles Aaron , McGill Stephen A. , Halas Naomi J. , Schurko Robert W. , Strouse Geoffrey F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCorrelating data from optical, structural, and theoretical methods allows the properties of highly faceted Cd2SnO4 (CTO) inverted spinel plasmonic semiconductor nanocrystals (PSNCs) to be fully evaluated. The use of Sn(II) in the colloidal reaction for CTO results in reproducible octahedral PSNCs with an aspect ratio of 1.30. Correlating extinction spectra with magnetic circular dichroism yields a carrier density (n = 5.19 × 1019 cm−3) and carrier effective mass (m* = 0.022me) respectively. 113Cd and 119Sn solid‐state NMR experiments show clear evidence of metallic‐like carriers in CTO NCs based upon the observation of Knight shifts. These data suggest that carrier formation in CTO arises from Sn antisite occupation of octahedral Cd sites (SnCd). From a broader perspective, the results point to wide‐bandgap spinels as being an important but understudied class of plasmonic PSNCs.
Sub‐Micron Diffractive Optical Elements Facilitated by Intrinsic Deswelling of Auxetic Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Moorhouse Thomas , Raistrick Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiffractive optical elements (DOEs) enable precise control over the direction and filtering of light, making them common components in spectrometers, waveguides, and sensors. There is great interest in tunable and sub‐micron diffractive optical elements in flexible photonics and for responsive structural colors. Here this study presents sub‐micron tunable diffraction gratings produced by patterning a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE). The intrinsic anisotropic deswelling of the liquid crystal elastomer enables sub‐micron (707 nm) pitch structures to be produced from a micron‐scale (1040 nm) surface relief grating. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and diffraction measurements, a thermal pitch tunability is demonstrated of +212 nm (+31%) or −322 nm (−33%) over a temperature range of 215 °C depending on grating orientation. A mechanical pitch tunability is demonstrate of +1110 nm by applying strains of up to 157% to the liquid crystal elastomer. The height of the diffraction grating is preserved over strain due to the negative Poisson‐ratio, or “auxetic”, behavior exhibited by this chosen family of the liquid crystal elastomers. This report opens the possibility of using LCEs to facilitate flexible sub‐micron diffractive optical elements, with a high degree of tunability for sensing and structural color applications.
Methanolysis of Plastic Waste with Manganese Compounds
Authors: Lourenço Daniel L. , Fernandes Ana C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work describes a very efficient methodology for the methanolysis of polyester and polycarbonate plastic waste into a variety of valuable products using homogeneous and heterogeneous manganese compounds in the presence of KOtBu. Excellent yields are obtained using 1 mol% of the homogeneous catalysts Mn(OTf)2, Mn2(CO)10, MnBr(CO)5, and MeCpMn(CO)3 and 5 mol% of KOtBu, under mild reaction conditions. The heterogeneous manganese catalyst, manganese(II) ethyl/butyl phosphonate silica (Si‐Mn), also successfully promoted the methanolysis of polyester and polycarbonate plastic waste with excellent yields. Furthermore, this heterogeneous catalyst can be applied in at least 12 catalytic cycles with excellent yields.
Atomistic Insights into Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Natural Gas Hydrates in the Presence of Mixture of Flue and Noble Gases
Authors: Singh Satyam , Sharma Manju 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe exchange of carbon dioxide with methane in natural gas hydrates (NGHs) is one of the sustainable approaches for the sequestration of carbon dioxide in NGHs. However, the formation of mixed CH4─CO2 hydrates during CH4─CO2 exchange in NGHs reduces the rate of CH4─CO2 exchange in NGHs. It is reported that molecular level insights into CH4─CO2 exchange in NGHs using quaternary‐gas systems of CH4, CO2, and a mixture of flue (H2S and N2) and noble (Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) gases in heterogeneous medium using molecular dynamics simulation techniques. The sequestration of gases other than CH4 in the new hydrate cages besides the interface is the highest in CO2:H2S:Ar (2:1:1) system among all the reported quaternary‐gas systems. The results show that Ar enhances CO2 sequestration in NGHs in the presence of H2S rather than N2. The hydrate growth occurs due to the formation of dual hydrate cages. Among the methane molecules released from the hydrate slab in a binary‐gas (CH4─CO2) system, > 60 % of the released methane molecules reform new cages beside the interface. On the other hand, only ≈ 50 % of the released methane molecules reform new hydrate cages besides the interface in CO2:H2S:Ar (2:1:1) system.
Intrinsic Optimum Thermodynamic Shapes of Zincblende‐ and Diamond‐Structure Nanowire Cross‐Sections
Authors: König Dirk , Bian Yue , Fu Lan , Hiller Daniel , Smith Sean C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCrystalline nanowire (NWire) cross‐section shapes are known to vary considerably in experiment; an accurate analytic evaluation of NWire cross‐sections from a thermodynamic perspective is still missing. Building on previous work, analytic descriptions are given for zincblende (zb) NWire cross‐section morphing to arbitrary convex hexagonal shapes in order to evaluate the crystallographic‐structural stability of experimental NWire cross‐sections. The maximum of the ratio of NWire‐internal bonds per NWire atom describes the most stable crystallographic and thermodynamic shape of the NWire as far as internal forces are concerned. This maximum occurs when the first derivative of the above ratio , with presenting respective optimum morphing indices to obtain . The stability evaluation is then carried out by comparing derived from the experimental image over the complete morphing range of the NWire cross‐section represented by . This user‐friendly analytic approach allows to calculate the optimum morphing indices and thus all follow‐on parameters, such as , , the number of interface bonds and the NWire cross‐section area . Three examples with experimental data demonstrate the versatility and detailed insight the stability evaluation provides to any zb‐ and diamond‐lattice NWire cross‐section.
Combinatorial Biosynthesis Creates a Novel Aglycone Polyether with High Potency and Low Side Effects Against Bladder Cancer
Authors: Yan Pan , Wang Gang , Huang Minjian , Liu Zhen , Dai Chong , Hu Ben , Gu Meijia , Deng Zixin , Liu Ran , Wang Xinghuan , Liu Tiangang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolyethers play a crucial role in the development of anticancer drugs. To enhance the anticancer efficacy and reduce the toxicity of these compounds, thereby advancing their application in cancer treatment, herein, guided by the structure‐activity relationships of aglycone polyethers, novel aglycone polyethers are rationally redesigned with potentially improved efficacy and reduced toxicity against tumors. To realize the biosynthesis of the novel aglycone polyethers, the gene clusters and the post‐polyketide synthase tailoring pathways for aglycone polyethers endusamycin and lenoremycin are identified and subjected to combinatorial biosynthesis studies, resulting in the creation of a novel aglycone polyether termed End‐16, which demonstrates significant potential for treating bladder cancer (BLCA). End‐16 demonstrates the ability to suppress the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cellular protrusions formation of BLCA cells, as well as induce cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in vitro. Notably, End‐16 exhibits superior inhibitory activity and fewer side effects against BLCA compared to the frontline anti‐BLCA drug cisplatin in vivo, thereby warranting further preclinical studies. This study highlights the significant potential of integrating combinatorial biosynthesis strategies with rational design to create unnatural products with enhanced pharmacological properties.
Defect‐Driven Light Perception and Memristor Storage with Phase Transition in Vanadium Dioxide
Authors: Niu Linkui , Xu Peiran , Huang Tiantian , Yang Wanli , Chen Zhimin , Chen Xin , Dai Ning 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTunable optical information storage is crucial in artificial retinal systems for mimicking neurobiological visual characteristics. The perception and storage of light signals rely heavily on the regulation of the conductivity states of memristor materials (e.g., transition metal oxides). Controlling light memristor behavior via defects and polymorphic phases remains underexplored and differs from traditional plasticity training via repeated testing. In this study, defect‐driven ultraviolet light perception and memristor storage with phase transitions in vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films are presented. The effects of oxygen defects and the corresponding polymorphic phases on ultraviolet light memristors are investigated. The dependence of phonon vibrations and insulator–metal transition behavior on defect levels are revealed. Self‐doping and polymorphs enable VO2 to exhibit distinct ultraviolet memristor performance. It is anticipated that defect‐driven light memristors significantly contribute to the realization of artificial synaptic devices and the implementation of advanced electronic neuron systems.
Methods for Passivating Defects of Perovskite for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Wang Jiarong , Bi Leyu , Fu Qiang , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their distinct advantages, including minimal hysteresis, cost‐effectiveness, and suitability for tandem applications. Nevertheless, the solution processing and the low formation energy of perovskites inevitably lead to numerous defects formed at both the bulk and interfaces of the perovskite layer. These defects can act as non‐radiative recombination centers, significantly impeding carrier transport and posing a substantial obstacle to stability and further enhancing power conversion efficiency (PCE). This review delves into a detailed discussion of the nature and origin of defects and the characterization techniques employed for defect identification. Furthermore, it systematically summarizes methods for defect detection and approaches for passivating interface and bulk defects within the perovskite film in inverted PSCs. Finally, this review offers a perspective on employing upscaling defect passivation engineering for perovskite modules. It is hoped this review provides insights into defect passivation in inverted PSCs and solar modules.
Iso‐Elemental ZnIn2S4/Zn3In2S6 Heterojunction with Low Contact Energy Barrier Boosts Artificial Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Ruan Xiaowen , Zhao Shengli , Xu Minghua , Jiao Dongxu , Leng Jing , Fang Guozhen , Meng Depeng , Jiang Zhifeng , Jin Shengye , Cui Xiaoqiang , Ravi Sai Kishore 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis emerges as a strategic pathway to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an environmentally benign oxidant and a clean energy carrier. Nonetheless, in many heterojunction‐based artificial photosynthetic systems, the H2O2 productivity is significantly hindered by poor carrier transport, narrow spectral light absorption, and a lack of adequate active sites for the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction. Herein, a catalyst architecture with an iso‐elemental heterojunction formed by interfacing Zn3In2S6 nano‐flowers and ZnIn2S4 nanosheets is proposed. This catalyst exhibits a H2O2 production rate as high as 23.47 µmol g−1 min−1 under UV–vis light irradiation, which is attributed to the minimized contact energy barrier and enhanced lattice match at the ZnIn2S4/Zn3In2S6 interface thanks to the iso‐elemental catalyst architecture which aids in enhanced efficient separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers. Theoretical simulations alongside comprehensive in‐situ and ex‐situ characterizations confirm the photo‐redox sites for H2O2 generation and effective carrier dynamics across the catalyst surface. Moreover, substituting one reduction‐type catalyst ZnIn2S4 with other non‐iso‐elemental catalysts like CdIn2S4, TiO2, and CdS further confirms the feasibility and superiority of the proposed iso‐elemental configuration. This work offers a new perspective on designing heterojunction catalysts for artificial photosynthesis of H2O2.