bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risky behaviours among young people living with HIV attending care and treatment clinics in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: implications for prevention with a positive approach
Authors: Mhalu Aisa , Leyna Germana H , Mmbaga Elia J 
Published: October 2013

IntroductionPrevention with a positive approach has been advocated as one of the main strategies to reduce new instances of HIV infection. Risky sexual behaviours among people living with HIV/AIDS are the cornerstone for this approach. Understanding the extent to which infected individuals practice risky behaviours is fundamental in designing appropriate population‐specific interventions. With the HIV infection transmission rates remaining high among young people in sub‐Saharan Africa, continued prevention among them remains a priority. This study therefore seeks to describe the magnitude and determinants of risky sexual behaviours among young people living with HIV.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between June and July 2010 in selected Care and Treatment Clinics (CTCs) in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. A total of 282 HIV‐positive patients aged 15–24 were interviewed about their sexual behaviours using a questionnaire.ResultsPrevalence of unprotected sex was 40.0% among young males and 37.5% among young females (p<0.001). Multiple sexual partnerships were reported by 10.6% of males and 15.9% of females (p<0.005). More than 50% of the participants did not know about the HIV status of their sexual partners. A large proportion of participants had minimal knowledge of transmission (46.7% males vs. 60.4% females) and prevention (65.3% males vs. 73.4% females) of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Independent predictors of condom use included non‐use of alcohol [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 0.40 95% confidence interval (CI); 0.17–0.84] and younger age (15–19 years) (AOR, 2.76, 95% CI: 1.05–7.27). Being on antiretroviral therapy (AOR, 0.38, 95% CI: 0.17–0.85) and not knowing partners’ HIV sero‐status (AOR, 2.62, 95% CI: 1.14–5.10) predicted the practice of multiple sexual partnership.ConclusionsUnprotected sex and multiple sexual partnerships were prevalent among young people living with HIV. Less knowledge on STI and lack of HIV disclosure increased the vulnerability and risk for HIV transmission among young people. Specific intervention measures addressing alcohol consumption, risky sexual behaviours, and STI transmission and prevention knowledge should be integrated in the routine HIV/AIDS care and treatment offered to this age group.
Roles of age, length of service and job in work‐related injury: A prospective study of 63,620 person‐years in female workers
Authors: Chau Nearkasen , Dehaene Dominique , Benamghar Lahoucine , Bourgkard Eve , Mur Jean‐Marie , Touron Christian , Wild Pascal 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe roles of age, length of service and job in various work‐related injury types are unknown and deserve investigations among female workers. This study assessed their roles in the occurrence of injury.MethodsThree‐year prospective study of all 22,952 permanently employed women at the French national railway company: 63,620 person‐years, 756 injuries with working days lost, coded using the company's injury classification derived from that of the French health insurance scheme. We investigated the incidence of four types of injury: fall on same level, fall to lower level, materials/equipment/objects handling, and other injuries. Data were analyzed using negative binomial regression.ResultsWorkers aged <25 were subject to a higher risk for all types of injuries. Older workers (45–55 years) were subject to a higher injury risk for fall on same level and fall to lower level. For fall on same level as for fall to lower level the relative risk decreased steadily with increasing length of service with the company, from 1.60 for 1 year to 0.50–0.60 for ≥30 years. For injuries due to materials/equipment/objects handling the relative risk decreased from 1.05 for one year to 0.49 for 5–9 years, and then increased to about 1.50 for 20–29 years and ≥30 years.ConclusionsYounger and shorter lengths of service were at risk for various types of injuries. Higher length of service was at risk for injury due to materials/equipment/objects handling. Preventive measures should consider the respective risks associated with age, years of employment and job. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:172–183, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of asbestos exposure in Swedish construction workers
Authors: Järvholm Bengt , Englund Anders 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo study the occurrence of pleural mesothelioma as a measure of the impact on health from asbestos exposure in the construction industry.MethodsThe occurrence of pleural mesothelioma in different occupations, time periods and birth cohorts was studied in a cohort of construction workers. They were prospectively followed after they had participated in health examinations between 1971 and 1993. The analysis was restricted to men and in total 367,568 men was included in the analysis.ResultsIn total there were 419 cases of pleural mesotheliomas between 1972 and 2009. As expected the age adjusted incidence was high in insulation workers and plumbers (39 and 16 cases per 100,000 person‐years, respectively). However, only 21% of the pleural mesotheliomas occurred in those occupational groups. Occupational groups with many cases of pleural mesothelioma were concrete workers (N = 56), wood workers (N = 55), painters (N = 32), electricians (N = 48), and foremen (N = 37). The highest risk was in birth cohorts born between 1935 and 1945. Between 1995 and 2009 around one‐third of all male cases in the country occurred in this birth cohort. The risk seemed to decrease considerably in men born after 1955.ConclusionIn Sweden a considerable proportion of pleural mesotheliomas occur among construction workers; and not only in jobs traditionally associated with asbestos exposure such as insulators and plumbers but also among electricians, for example. The results shows that asbestos exposure occurs in many occupational groups, indicating that safe handling of asbestos is a very difficult or even impossible task in the construction industry. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:49–55, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Model‐directed engineering of “difficult‐to‐express” monoclonal antibody production by Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Pybus Leon P. , Dean Greg , West Nathan R. , Smith Andrew , Daramola Olalekan , Field Ray , Wilkinson Stephen J. , James David C. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTDespite improvements in volumetric titer for monoclonal antibody (MAb) production processes using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, some “difficult‐to‐express” (DTE) MAbs inexplicably reach much lower process titers. These DTE MAbs require intensive cell line and process development activity, rendering them more costly or even unsuitable to manufacture. To rapidly and rationally identify an optimal strategy to improve production of DTE MAbs, we have developed an engineering design platform combining high‐yielding transient production, empirical modeling of MAb synthesis incorporating an unfolded protein response (UPR) regulatory loop with directed expression and cell engineering approaches. Utilizing a panel of eight IgG1λ MAbs varying >4‐fold in volumetric titer, we showed that MAb‐specific limitations on folding and assembly rate functioned to induce a proportionate UPR in host CHO cells with a corresponding reduction in cell growth rate. Derived from comparative empirical modeling of cellular constraints on the production of each MAb we employed two strategies to increase production of DTE MAbs designed to avoid UPR induction through an improvement in the rate/cellular capacity for MAb folding and assembly reactions. Firstly, we altered the transfected LC:HC gene ratio and secondly, we co‐expressed a variety of molecular chaperones, foldases or UPR transactivators (BiP, CypB, PDI, and active forms of ATF6 and XBP1) with recombinant MAbs. DTE MAb production was significantly improved by both strategies, although the mode of action was dependent upon the approach employed. Increased LC:HC ratio or CypB co‐expression improved cell growth with no effect on qP. In contrast, BiP, ATF6c and XBP1s co‐expression increased qP and reduced cell growth. This study demonstrates that expression‐engineering strategies to improve production of DTE proteins in mammalian cells should be product specific, and based on rapid predictive tools to assess the relative impact of different engineering interventions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 372–385. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancing Corporate Environmental Performance Through Reporting and Roadmaps
Authors: Caritte Victor , Acha Salvador , Shah Nilay 
Published: October 2013

AbstractManaging the carbon footprint of companies and addressing their respective decarbonization plans is a challenging endeavour. The aim of this study is to help companies better understand the issues around decarbonization and environmental performance by suggesting a holistic management process on which they could embark. This process comprises two crucial steps, which are (a) sustainability reporting and (b) low‐carbon roadmaps. These steps are covered and further developed based on a detailed study of the UK food retail sector. This sector is relevant due to its economic and environmental importance, but most importantly it has a significant record of available environmental reports in the public domain and a large potential to influence consumers, policy makers and multiple supply chains.Sustainability reporting is assessed by analysing environmental KPIs disclosed in corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports, and then these are compared against industry standards. This analysis highlights a general lack of consistency and transparency in CSR reporting of UK food retailers. Consequently, a low‐carbon roadmap based on relevant KPIs and on the ‘backcasting’ framework is presented as a case study in order to showcase how a hypothetical UK food retailer can employ a low‐carbon roadmap. The case study demonstrates that ambitious environmental targets are achievable if robust corporate action plans are followed. Furthermore, the case study indicates that capital might be misallocated in favour of highly visible environmental stores and on‐site energy generation technologies, whilst more could be done by applying energy efficiency measures that have the potential to deliver substantial carbon savings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Bone formation in adipose‐derived stem cells isolated from elderly patients with osteoporosis: a preliminary study
Authors: Jiang Ming , Wang Xin , Liu Hongzhi , Zhou Lugang , Jiang Tingshu , Zhou Huihui , Hao Wei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe have explored the osteogenic potency of adipose‐derived stem cells from osteoporotic patients (opASCs). opASCs were osteogenically induced in vitro with collagen I hydrogel or in culture plate. Detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and cell mineralisation, and quantitative RT‐PCR of collagen I, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein were undertaken. Proliferation and morphology studies were also performed. After 14 days, opASCs‐collagen I hydrogel composite was implanted into nude mice for 4 weeks prior to radiographic and histological analysis. Staining of ALPase and cell mineralisation was strongly positive in opASCs. Fibroblast‐like opASCs induced with collagen I hydrogel were evenly distributed and proliferated at a higher rate than in culture plates, showing similar growth curves for both genders. Expression of ALPase activity, cell mineralisation and osteogenic specific genes were higher in opASCs with collagen I hydrogel (male samples had better osteogenicity than female samples) than in culture plates. After implantation for 4 weeks, radiopaque area signifying new bone tissue was observed in opASCs‐collagen I hydrogel composite, with no donor gender differences. Thus opASCs with collagen I hydrogel have adequate osteogenic potency and offer new possibilities for osteoporosis‐related bone tissue engineering in male and female patients.
Effect of moxidectin on CYP3A4 activity as evaluated by oral midazolam pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects
Authors: Korth‐Bradley Joan M. , Parks Virginia , Wagner Frank , Chalon Stephan , Gourley Ian , Matschke Kyle , Gossart Sophie , Ripp Sharon L. , Fleckenstein Lawrence 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn order to evaluate the potential for CYP3A4 induction by moxidectin, midazolam pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were compared before and after moxidectin administration. Healthy subjects received a single 8 mg dose of moxidectin and 3 single 7.5 mg doses of midazolam 3 days before, and 7 and 89 days after the moxidectin. Blood samples were taken for 24 hours to measure midazolam and metabolites in plasma, and for 89 days to measure moxidectin in plasma after dose administration. Noncompartmental PK analyses were performed for each analyte. Analysis of variance was performed on log‐transformed midazolam parameters with treatment day as a fixed effect. Adverse events were recorded and laboratory tests, physical examinations, pulse oximetry monitoring, vital sign measurement, and electrocardiograms performed. Thirty‐nine subjects were enrolled in the study; PK data were available for 37 subjects. Moxidectin PK parameters were similar to previous studies. There were no significant changes in PK for midazolam or its metabolites 7 or 89 days after moxidectin administration. Adverse events were generally mild and there were no relevant changes in safety assessments. Thus, 8 mg moxidectin does not induce CYP3A4 activity and other CYP3A4 substrates are unlikely to be affected by moxidectin co‐administration.
Sustainability Management and Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: Managers' Awareness and Implementation of Innovative Tools
Authors: Johnson Matthew P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWith the intention of integrating environmental and social practices in small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), a growing body of research proposes the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental management tools. Collectively referred to as sustainability management tools in this paper, voluntary management approaches range from environmental and social audits, indicators, and management systems, to reporting schemes and stakeholder dialogues. While the adoption of such management tools in SMEs has been increasingly anticipated in the academic literature, the rates of awareness and implementation for these management tools are missing. Furthermore, the connections between awareness and implementation remain under‐researched. Using a framework for innovation diffusion, the results from a web‐based survey with 176 German SME managers investigate these connections. Rogers' model is particularly useful to identify managerial and organizational characteristics that might explain why particular SMEs are more likely to adopt sustainability management tools. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Inferring parturition and neonate survival from movement patterns of female ungulates: a case study using woodland caribou
Authors: DeMars Craig A. , Auger‐Méthé Marie , Schlägel Ulrike E. , Boutin Stan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAnalyses of animal movement data have primarily focused on understanding patterns of space use and the behavioural processes driving them. Here, we analyzed animal movement data to infer components of individual fitness, specifically parturition and neonate survival. We predicted that parturition and neonate loss events could be identified by sudden and marked changes in female movement patterns. Using GPS radio‐telemetry data from female woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), we developed and tested two novel movement‐based methods for inferring parturition and neonate survival. The first method estimated movement thresholds indicative of parturition and neonate loss from population‐level data then applied these thresholds in a moving‐window analysis on individual time‐series data. The second method used an individual‐based approach that discriminated among three a priori models representing the movement patterns of non‐parturient females, females with surviving offspring, and females losing offspring. The models assumed that step lengths (the distance between successive GPS locations) were exponentially distributed and that abrupt changes in the scale parameter of the exponential distribution were indicative of parturition and offspring loss. Both methods predicted parturition with near certainty (>97% accuracy) and produced appropriate predictions of parturition dates. Prediction of neonate survival was affected by data quality for both methods; however, when using high quality data (i.e., with few missing GPS locations), the individual‐based method performed better, predicting neonate survival status with an accuracy rate of 87%. Understanding ungulate population dynamics often requires estimates of parturition and neonate survival rates. With GPS radio‐collars increasingly being used in research and management of ungulates, our movement‐based methods represent a viable approach for estimating rates of both parameters.
Oxytocin and Anorexia Nervosa: A Review of the Emerging Literature
Authors: Maguire Sarah , O'Dell Adrienne , Touyz Lauren , Russell Janice 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is an intractable illness that is difficult to treat. The identification of neural correlates and novel agents to transform treatment has become priority avenues for research. Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide whose emerging sphere of influence on mammalian behaviour and demonstrated impact on psychiatric illness suggest it may have potential in AN. In this paper, we undertake a targeted summary of the existing literature on OT research as it pertains to brain based behaviour and psychiatric dysfunction. Then, we conduct a systematic review of OT in AN. Papers that addressed any aspect of the OT system in AN were examined. The existing literature, although limited and based on small sample sizes, suggests a derangement of the OT system in AN that may normalise upon recovery. Preliminary pilot data from unpublished studies suggest a potential effect of OT administration on eating‐related indices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Effects of silver nanoparticles on soil enzyme activities with and without added organic matter
Authors: Peyrot Caroline , Wilkinson Kevin J. , Desrosiers Mélanie , Sauvé Sébastien 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

The effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on terrestrial ecosystems need to be better understood and assessed. Cationic silver (Ag+) has well-documented toxicity against bacteria, but it is not clear what will be the effect of nanoscale Ag. In the present study, the potential effects of AgNPs were investigated in soils by measuring activity of the enzymes phosphomonoesterase, arylsulfatase, β-D-glucosidase, and leucine-aminopeptidase. The toxicity of AgNPs was compared with that of ionic Ag, and the ameliorating effects of soil organic matter were evaluated. To this end, 2 soils with different organic matter contents were artificially contaminated with either AgNPs or Ag-acetate at equivalent total Ag concentrations. In general, enzyme activities were inhibited as a function of the Ag concentration in the soil. In the AgNP exposures, only a small fraction of the AgNP was actually truly dissolved (found in the &lt;1-nm fraction), suggesting that the particulate forms of AgNPs resulted in a significant inhibition of soil enzymes. The addition of organic matter to the soils appeared to enhance enzyme activities; however, the mechanism of organic matter action is not clear given that dissolved Ag concentrations were similar in both the organic-matter–amended and unamended soils. The present study shows that the AgNP produces significant negative effects on the soil enzyme activities tested. The Ag chemical speciation measurements suggested that the AgNP caused greater toxic effects to the soil enzymes at the low Ag concentrations. For the larger concentrations of total soil Ag, causes of the negative effects on enzyme activities are less obvious but suggest that colloidal forms of Ag play a role. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:115–125. © 2013 SETAC
Considerations for test design to accommodate energy-budget models in ecotoxicology: A case study for acetone in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Barsi Alpar , Jager Tjalling , Collinet Marc , Lagadic Laurent , Ducrot Virginie 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) modeling offers many advantages in the analysis of ecotoxicity test data. Calibration of TKTD models, however, places different demands on test design compared with classical concentration–response approaches. In the present study, useful complementary information is provided regarding test design for TKTD modeling. A case study is presented for the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to the narcotic compound acetone, in which the data on all endpoints were analyzed together using a relatively simple TKTD model called DEBkiss. Furthermore, the influence of the data used for calibration on accuracy and precision of model parameters is discussed. The DEBkiss model described toxic effects on survival, growth, and reproduction over time well, within a single integrated analysis. Regarding the parameter estimates (e.g., no-effect concentration), precision rather than accuracy was affected depending on which data set was used for model calibration. In addition, the present study shows that the intrinsic sensitivity of snails to acetone stays the same across different life stages, including the embryonic stage. In fact, the data on egg development allowed for selection of a unique metabolic mode of action for the toxicant. Practical and theoretical considerations for test design to accommodate TKTD modeling are discussed in the hope that this information will aid other researchers to make the best possible use of their test animals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1466–1475. © 2014 SETAC
Modeling dynamic triggering of tectonic tremor using a brittle‐ductile friction model
Authors: Trugman Daniel T. , Daub Eric G. , Guyer Robert A. , Johnson Paul A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe study the physics of dynamically triggered tectonic tremor by applying a brittle‐ductile friction model in which we conceptualize the tremor source as a rigid block subject to driving and frictional forces. To simulate dynamic triggering of tremor, we apply a stress perturbation that mimics the surface waves of remote earthquakes. The tectonic and wave perturbation stresses define a phase space that demonstrates that both the timing and amplitude of the dynamic perturbations control the fundamental characteristics of triggered tremor. Tremor can be triggered instantaneously or with a delayed onset if the dynamic perturbation significantly alters the frictional state of the tremor source.