bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage and fracture in superplastic alloys – a current state of art
Authors: Blandin J. J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMany superplastic alloys are sensitive to strain induced cavitation. A specificity of damage in superplastic conditions comes from the importance of grain boundary sliding (GBS) which induces generally a significant role of cavity coalescence compared to the conventional steps of nucleation and cavity growth. In terms of cavity morphologies, the GBS contribution promotes the development of cavities with particularly complex shapes. A way to limit damage sensitivity can be to reduce the grain size in the superplastic alloy since it is expected to decrease the associated flow stress and consequently the cavity nucleation rate during deformation. Nevertheless, for ultra fine grained microstructures (like those obtained after severe plastic deformation techniques), superplastic properties can frequently be obtained at lower temperatures than for more conventional microstructures. In such cases, the effect on cavitation may be not straightforward and may depend on applied conditions. The aim of this presentation is to give a brief review of the state of art concerning recent studies of damage in superplastic alloys and to discuss about the benefits and/or drawbacks of grain refining on the associated damage mechanisms.
On the activation energy for super plastic flow in advanced materials
Authors: Muñoz‐Andrade J. D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBy applying the quantum mechanics and relativistic mathematical model proposed by Muñoz‐Andrade, the activation energy for super plastic flow in advanced materials is obtained at all times and for every temperature during experimental conditions of super plastic forming. Over this framework, in the present study the activation energy for super plastic flow in advanced materials dependence on strain rate and phase velocity de Broglie are obtained. In addition, the nature determination of the wavelength of the cellular dislocations λ⟂ wave, associated with super plastic flow is calculated. It is concluded that the super plastic flow behavior is related with cooperative grain boundary sliding and self accommodation process, which is assisted in nature behavior by cellular dislocation dynamics. Furthermore, the most important results of this work are analyzed in the environment of the cosmic micromechanics connection during super plastic flow in advanced materials, also named as spatially extended polycrystalline advanced materials.
Comparison study of two constitutive equations for Al‐5083 superplastic aluminium alloy
Authors: Otegi N. , Galdos L. , Hurtado I. , Leen S. B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper compares a double power law constitutive equation and a hyperbolic constitutive equation for the prediction of superplastic behaviour of a commercial Al‐5083 superplastic aluminium alloy. These constitutive equations are firstly fitted to tensile test data at different strain rates and then they are compared taking into account their capacity to describe the tensile test curves and the mechanical behaviour of the material in general.
Laminated composite materials based on orthorhombic aluminium/titanium alloy
Authors: Safiullin R. V. , Galeyev R. M. , Valiakhmetov O. R. , Imayev V. M. , Imayev R. M. , Beck W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLaminated composite materials consisting of an orthorhombic Ti2AlNb based alloy and an (α + β) titanium alloy have been fabricated at a laboratory scale using a two‐step process involving diffusion bonding and hot‐pack rolling. The feasibility of fabrication of two‐ and three‐layered materials with high quality bonding between layers has been demonstrated. Preliminary assessment of the tensile mechanical properties of the obtained composite materials at room and elevated temperatures showed that, on the whole, they were superior to those of the titanium alloy and insignificantly inferior to the orthorhombic alloy.
Imaging nigral pathology and clinical progression in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Du Guangwei , Lewis Mechelle M. , Sen Suman , Wang Jianli , Shaffer Michele L. , Styner Martin , Yang Qing X. , Huang Xuemei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe pattern of dopamine cell loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) is known to be prominent in the ventrolateral and caudal substantia nigra (SN), but less severe in the dorsal and rostral region. Both diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and R2* relaxometry of the SN have been reported as potential markers for PD, but their relative ability to mark disease progression and differences in pathophysiological bases remains unclear. High‐resolution T2‐weighted, R2*, and DTI were obtained from 28 controls and 40 PD subjects [15 early stage [disease duration ≤1 year], 14 mid stage [duration 2–5 years], and 11 late stage [duration >5 years]). Fractional anisotropy and R2* values in both rostral and caudal SN were obtained for all subjects, and clinical measures (e.g., disease duration, levodopa‐equivalent daily dosage, and “off”‐drug UPDRS motor score) were obtained for Parkinson's subjects. There was no correlation between fractional anisotropy and clinical measures, whereas R2* was strongly associated with disease progression. Compared to controls, fractional anisotropy in caudal SN was significantly decreased in PD patients of all stages, whereas in rostral SN, it was decreased significantly only in the late‐stage group. R2* in both SN regions was significantly increased in the mid‐ and late‐stage, but not early‐stage, of PD subjects. These findings suggest that fractional anisotropy changes may mark early pathological changes in caudal SN, whereas the changes in R2* may more closely track PD's clinical progression after symptom onset. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Prenylated chalcone xanthohumol associates with histones in breast cancer cells–a novel target identified by a monoclonal antibody
Authors: Wyns Ciska , van Steendam Katleen , Vanhoecke Barbara , Deforce Dieter , Bracke Marc , Heyerick Arne 
Published: September 2012

ScopeThe intracellular fate of xanthohumol (XN) from hops is an underexplored field in the research for the molecular mechanisms causing its wide range of effects in chemoprevention and gene expression involved in hepatic metabolism.Methods and resultsWe aimed to elucidate possible targets for binding of XN in a human mammary carcinoma cell line (MCF‐7/6), using a mAB. We investigated the overall solubility and stability of XN in growth medium and the cellular uptake and distribution of XN in MCF‐7/6 cells using an optimized immunocytochemistry technique. After incubation of MCF‐7/6 cells, with 10 μM XN for 0.5 h up to 6 h, we observed primarily a granular nuclear staining, which intensified with increasing exposure times. Immunoprecipitation of cell lysates (treated with 10 μM XN for 2 h) revealed binding of XN to a fraction of proteins with a molecular weight below 20 kDa. Further analysis of the protein mixture via LC‐MS/MS (Q‐TOF) resulted in the identification of specific members of the histone family, i.e. histone H2A, H2B, and H4. The identity of histone H2A was confirmed using immunodetection with a specific anti‐histone H2A antibody.ConclusionIn summary, we did successfully apply a mAB against XN in immunocytochemistry and precipitation with highly unexpected results.
Continuing Professional Development: Issues Raised by Nurses and Allied Health Professionals Working in Musculoskeletal Settings
Authors: Haywood Hannah , Pain Helen , Ryan Sarah , Adams Jo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundNurses and allied health professionals (AHPs) are required to evidence their engagement in continuing professional development (CPD) in order to retain their professional registration. Many challenges to CPD are reported, but little literature has explored pertinent CPD issues for clinicians with specialist roles or working in specialist services. No literature to date has explored the perceptions of CPD held by patients who receive these specialist services.MethodsThree focus groups and two conference calls were conducted with nurses, physiotherapists, podiatrists and occupational therapists who work in musculoskeletal (MSK) services; managers of these services; and people who use MSK services. These focus groups aimed: to explore the CPD needs and issues for this group of clinicians; to explore the perceptions of CPD held by people who have MSK conditions; and to compare the above with current literature to discern any factors specific to MSK settings. The focus groups and conference calls were audio‐recorded. The recordings were coded by the researchers using a priori and inductive coding.ResultsThe main issues discussed were: funding and time for CPD, providing examples of ways to provide CPD in spite of the challenges faced; that CPD needs changed with level of experience; initiatives by clinical specialists to reduce professional isolation; and future trends in CPD, including concerns about succession planning. The views of people with MSK conditions demonstrated an emphasis on communication skills that was seldom raised by managers and clinicians.ConclusionsSufficient time, funding and provision of study leave were key to facilitating CPD activity for nurses and AHPs working in MSK services. People with MSK conditions particularly valued health professionals who combined good listening and communication skills with an attempt to understand what it was like to live with their condition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nurse staffing, RN mix, and assault rates on psychiatric units
Authors: Staggs Vincent S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe association between nurse staffing and patient violence on psychiatric units is unclear, and the association between nursing skill mix and violence has not been studied. Monthly data on physical/sexual assaults by patients against others were obtained for 351 adult psychiatric units. Total and injury assault rates were modeled as dependent variables using hierarchical Poisson regression, with total staffing and registered nurse (RN) mix as predictors. Assault rates were 12% higher per additional nursing hour per patient day but 6% lower per 5‐point increase in percent of hours provided by RNs. In cubic spline models fit to explore nonlinear staffing–violence associations, assault rates increased with staffing through most of its range but began to decline at very high levels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36:26–37, 2013
Predictive abilities of the STOP‐Bang and Epworth Sleepiness Scale in identifying sleep clinic patients at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Vana Kimberly D. , Silva Graciela E. , Goldberg Rochelle 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study compared the predictive abilities of the STOP‐Bang and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for screening sleep clinic patients for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). Forty‐seven new adult patients without previous diagnoses of OSA or SDB were administered the STOP‐Bang and ESS and were assigned to OSA or SDB risk groups based on their scores. STOP‐Bang responses were scored with two Body Mass Index cut points of 35 and 30 kg/m2 (SB35 and SB30). The tools' predictive abilities were determined by comparing patients' predicted OSA and SDB risks to their polysomnographic results. The SB30 correctly identified more patients with OSA and SDB than the ESS alone. The ESS had the highest specificity for OSA and SDB. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36:84–94, 2013
Pretos Novos: Evidence for African Oral Hygiene Practices in Brazil, 1769–1830
Authors: Cook D. C. , Bastos M. Q. R. , Lopes C. , Mendonça de Souza S. , Santos R. V. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFine, polished abrasion of teeth provides evidence for use of traditional oral hygiene practices in 32 fragmentary dentitions from a cemetery for newly arrived enslaved Africans who died before leaving Valongo, the slave port and market of Rio de Janeiro. We infer that chewing sticks were used before these people were enslaved. Cosmetic dental modification and abrasion of tooth roots occur in some individuals. High caries frequency, tooth loss and hypercementosis characteristic remains of enslaved Africans with longer residence in the New World were not found in this unique collection. We review evidence that the practice of using chewing sticks persists in some regions of the Americas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J is regulated by the pVHL–HIF axis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Casagrande Silvia , Ruf Melanie , Rechsteiner Markus , Morra Laura , Brun‐Schmid Sonja , von Teichman Adriana , Krek Wilhelm , Schraml Peter , Moch Holger 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMass spectrometry analysis of renal cancer cell lines recently suggested that the protein‐tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J (PTPRJ), an important regulator of tyrosine kinase receptors, is tightly linked to the von Hippel–Lindau protein (pVHL). Therefore, we aimed to characterize the biological relevance of PTPRJ for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In pVHL‐negative ccRCC cell lines, both RNA and protein expression levels of PTPRJ were lower than those in the corresponding pVHL reconstituted cells. Quantitative RT‐PCR and western blot analysis of ccRCC with known VHL mutation status and normal matched tissues as well as RNA in situ hybridization on a tissue microarray (TMA) confirmed a decrease of PTPRJ expression in more than 80% of ccRCCs, but in only 12% of papillary RCCs. ccRCC patients with no or reduced PTPRJ mRNA expression had a less favourable outcome than those with a normal expression status (p = 0.05). Sequence analysis of 32 PTPRJ mRNA‐negative ccRCC samples showed five known polymorphisms but no mutations, implying other mechanisms leading to PTPRJ's down‐regulation. Selective silencing of HIF‐α by siRNA and reporter gene assays demonstrated that pVHL inactivation reduces PTPRJ expression through a HIF‐dependent mechanism, which is mainly driven by HIF‐2α stabilization. Our results suggest PTPRJ as a member of a pVHL‐controlled pathway whose suppression by HIF is critical for ccRCC development.
Remarkable temporal stability of high‐abundance human plasma proteins assessed by targeted mass spectrometry
Authors: Randall Sarah A. , McKay Matthew J. , Pascovici Dana , Mahon Kate , Horvath Lisa , Clarke Stephen J. , Molloy Mark P. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeTo examine temporal fluctuations in selected plasma protein levels over a period of nearly 4 months and assess biological variation of these proteins across a healthy population cohort.Experimental designPlasma was collected from ten healthy volunteers over two time‐courses: (i) weekly for 4 weeks; (ii) bimonthly over 4 months and depleted of albumin and IgG. SRM MS was used to determine the relative quantitation of 31 plasma proteins commonly observed in biomarker studies over these time courses. Estimates of between‐subject and within‐subject biological variances determined by SRM were calculated for each protein.ResultsReplicate analysis demonstrated the high precision of SRM assays of plasma proteins. Statistical analysis indicated that none of the measured proteins exhibited significant temporal fluctuations over either time course. Overall, time‐based intraindividual quantitative variation of plasma protein levels was considerably lower than biological variation occurring between individual volunteers.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis study is the first to show robust temporal stability of the plasma proteome in healthy individuals using SRM‐based peptide quantitation. This is important as it provides a strong basis for reliable detection of disease/treatment‐related changes of these plasma proteins and others using SRM.
Autoimmunoreactive IgGs from patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Li , Chai Qiang , Charlesworth M. Cristine , Figueroa Juan J. , Low Phillip , Shen Win‐Kuang , Lee Hon‐Chi 
Published: September 2012

PurposeAutoantibodies are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and cardiac arrhythmias. In this pilot study, we tested the hypothesis that autoantibodies are present in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).Experimental designSeven control subjects (6 F:1 M, average age 36.1 years) and ten patients with the diagnosis of POTS (7 F: 3 M, average age 35.1 years) provided informed consent and 30 mL of venous blood. Human heart membrane proteins were resolved by 2DE and immunoblotted against purified IgGs from controls and patients.ResultsEighteen protein spots immunoreactive specifically against patient IgGs were detected and they were excised from gels, trypsin‐digested, and analyzed by nanoLC‐electrospray MS/MS. Forty unique proteins were identified and these include proteins that are associated with cardiac hypertrophy (mimecan, myozenin), cardiac remodeling (periostin), cardiomyopathy (desmin, desmoplakin), cell survival (laminin), structural integrity (filamin), chaperone proteins (crystalline, HSP70), mitochondrial enzymes, and channel proteins. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed multiple pathways were involved including those that regulate energy metabolism, redox, fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and degeneration.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAutoantibodies are present in patients with POTS. These autoantibodies cross‐react with a wide range of cardiac proteins and may induce alterations in cardiac function. Autoimmune pathogenetic mechanisms should be further explored in these patients.
People, Land, and Context: Multilevel Determinants of Off‐farm Employment in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Barbieri Alisson Flávio , Pan William K. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the factors that motivate decisions of settler colonists to engage in off‐farm employment (OFE) in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon. Overall, OFE, as a type of population mobility, may increasingly become a dominant demographic factor in rural frontier regions. Although OFE decisions are primarily a matter of individual choice, factors associated with the farm household and the local community also play key roles in this decision making. This paper applies a multilevel conceptual framework and uses a multinomial, multilevel statistical model to study OFE in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon in 1999 as a result of factors at the individual, farm household, and community levels. The results show important differences between OFE participation choices in personal characteristics, human capital, farm household life cycle, land use, land management, farm environmental conditions, transportation accessibility, community size, and structure of local labour markets. The paper also identifies the effects of policy‐relevant variables on choices to engage in OFE in local community, other rural, or urban areas of destination. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Device efficiency of organic light‐emitting diodes: Progress by improved light outcoupling
Authors: Brütting Wolfgang , Frischeisen Jörg , Schmidt Tobias D. , Scholz Bert J. , Mayr Christian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are efficient large‐area light sources facing their market entry. Still, the development of stable and more efficient blue emitters and the enhancement of light outcoupling remain challenges for further device improvements. Here, we review the working principles of OLEDs and highlight ongoing efforts to improve their efficiency, in particular by coupling out more light.
Truncated Lorch‐window method revealing the off‐octahedral Ge in nanocrystalline Ge2Sb2Te5
Authors: Liu X. Q. , Li X. B. , Zhang B. , Zhang S. B. , Ma E. , Zhang Z. , Han X. D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTraditional Lorch‐window technique was modified to the truncated Lorch‐window through various truncation ranges to apply the Lorch‐window functions. The terminal ripples in radial distribution functions (RDFs) were weakened and the shoulder peak at 2.6 Å in crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) was revealed by the indication of the off‐octahedral Ge. The Cs‐corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy image and the corresponding simulations suggest that the off‐octahedral Ge atoms are indeed in the tetrahedral symmetry. These results indicate that the complex structural details in the intermediate phase of GST other than simple rock‐salt structure though the quantified information, such as the accurate atomic positions of the off‐octahedral Ge need being further clarified in the future. These results also reveal the significance of high‐Q signals in revealing the structures in short range order.Left (a): Original reduced interference function F(Q) (black) and truncated F(Q) data. Right (b): Corresponding RDF curves. L‐12 (red half‐solid triangle) represent the data with a truncation range of 12 Å−1, and L‐16 (open square) for the truncation range of 16 Å−1. magnified image
Delaying satisfiability for random 2SAT
Authors: Sinclair Alistair , Vilenchik Dan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLet (C1,C′(*)),(C2,C′(*)),…,(C
m,C′(*)) be a sequence of ordered pairs of 2CNF clauses chosen uniformly at random (with replacement) from the set of all 4
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\binom{n}{2}\end{align*} \end{document}
clauses on n variables. Choosing exactly one clause from each pair defines a probability distribution over 2CNF formulas. The choice at each step must be made on‐line, without backtracking, but may depend on the clauses chosen previously. We show that there exists an on‐line choice algorithm in the above process which results whp in a satisfiable 2CNF formula as long as m/n ≤ (1000/999)1/4. This contrasts with the well‐known fact that a random m ‐clause formula constructed without the choice of two clauses at each step is unsatisfiable whp whenever m/n > 1. Thus the choice algorithm is able to delay satisfiability of a random 2CNF formula beyond the classical satisfiability threshold. Choice processes of this kind in random structures are known as “Achlioptas processes.” This paper joins a series of previous results studying Achlioptas processes in different settings, such as delaying the appearance of a giant component or a Hamilton cycle in a random graph. In addition to the on‐line setting above, we also consider an off‐line version in which all m clause‐pairs are presented in advance, and the algorithm chooses one clause from each pair with knowledge of all pairs. For the off‐line setting, we show that the two‐choice satisfiability threshold for k ‐SAT for any fixed k coincides with the standard satisfiability threshold for random 2k ‐SAT.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2013
The phase transition in random graphs: A simple proof
Authors: Krivelevich Michael , Sudakov Benny 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe classical result of Erdős and Rényi asserts that the random graph G(n,p) experiences sharp phase transition around
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– for any ε > 0 and
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}p=\frac{1-\epsilon}{n}\end{align*} \end{document}, all connected components of G(n,p) are typically of size Oε(log n), while for
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}p=\frac{1+\epsilon}{n}\end{align*} \end{document}, with high probability there exists a connected component of size linear in n. We provide a very simple proof of this fundamental result; in fact, we prove that in the supercritical regime
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}p=\frac{1+\epsilon}{n}\end{align*} \end{document}, the random graph G(n,p) contains typically a path of linear length. We also discuss applications of our technique to other random graph models and to positional games. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2013