bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trafficking, Exploitation and Migration on the Thailand‐Burma Border: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Meyer Sarah R. , Robinson W. Courtland , Abshir Nada , Mar Aye Aye , Decker Michele R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMigrant workers from Burma often experience exploitation, abuse and violations at various stages of travel to and within Thailand and in workplaces in Thailand. Guided by Zimmerman et al.'s conceptual framework, which identifies the potential risks associated with trafficking process, this article presents findings from in‐depth interviews with 61 migrant workers living and working in and around Mae Sot, Thailand, on the Thailand‐Burma border, to describe the broader context of irregular migration from Burma to Thailand, and trafficking‐related risks in this context.Results demonstrate that use of transporters (“carries”) and brokers in order to travel to Thailand and find employment can enable trafficking. Moreover, migrant workers are exposed to a range of exploitative experiences in workplaces in Thailand, including violence, coercion, and economic exploitation. This article explores dynamics of migration that can enable trafficking in this context, as well as exploitative working conditions consistent with forced labour.
Interleukin‐22 and CD160 play additive roles in the host mucosal response to Clostridium difficile infection in mice
Authors: Sadighi Akha Amir A. , McDermott Andrew J. , Theriot Casey M. , Carlson Paul E. , Frank Charles R. , McDonald Roderick A. , Falkowski Nicole R. , Bergin Ingrid L. , Young Vincent B. , Huffnagle Gary B. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryOur previous work has shown the significant up‐regulation of Il22 and increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as part of the mucosal inflammatory response to Clostridium difficile infection in mice. Others have shown that phosphorylation of STAT3 at mucosal surfaces includes interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) and CD160‐mediated components. The current study sought to determine the potential role(s) of IL‐22 and/or CD160 in the mucosal response to C. difficile infection. Clostridium difficile‐infected mice treated with anti‐IL‐22, anti‐CD160 or a combination of the two showed significantly reduced STAT3 phosphorylation in comparison to C. difficile‐infected mice that had not received either antibody. In addition, C. difficile‐infected mice treated with anti‐IL‐22/CD160 induced a smaller set of genes, and at significantly lower levels than the untreated C. difficile‐infected mice. The affected genes included pro‐inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, and anti‐microbial peptides. Furthermore, histopathological and flow cytometric assessments both showed a significantly reduced influx of neutrophils in C. difficile‐infected mice treated with anti‐IL‐22/CD160. These data demonstrate that IL‐22 and CD160 are together responsible for a significant fraction of the colonic STAT3 phosphorylation in C. difficile infection. They also underscore the additive effects of IL‐22 and CD160 in mediating both the pro‐inflammatory and pro‐survival aspects of the host mucosal response in this infection.
Retirement systems and pension reform: A Malaysian perspective
Authors: TOLOS Habibah , WANG Peijie , ZHANG Miao , SHAND Rory 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper reviews and assesses emerging issues in retirement systems and pension reform in Malaysia. The pension system models proposed by the ILO, the World Bank and the Geneva Association are compared and analysed, providing a useful conceptual framework for the design and reform of pension systems. This framework is then used to assess pension reforms in Malaysia, analysing the relative advantages and disadvantages for workers. The authors conclude by proposing a number of recommendations for retirement system design and reform.
Effects of Yoga on Patients in an Adolescent Mental Health Hospital and the Relationship Between Those Effects and the Patients' Sensory‐Processing Patterns
Authors: Re Pamela , McConnell John W. , Reidinger Gloria , Schweit Ronnie , Hendron Angela 
Published: October 2014

ProblemThis study investigated the effects of yoga as a sensory regulation tool in reducing adolescent distress in an acute care psychiatric hospital.MethodsThis was a descriptive, correlational pre‐intervention/post‐intervention design conducted in a mental health hospital over 5 months from mid‐January to mid‐June 2012. The population consisted of a convenience sample of 75 adolescent mental health unit inpatients and partial‐hospitalization patients 12–18 years of age who participated in two or more yoga sessions. Patient charts provided Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV Axes I‐V diagnosis, gender, and age. Dependent variables were pulse and Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale scores, which were recorded before and after each yoga class. The Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile provided a measure of patient sensory‐processing preference levels that were related to the pulse and Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale results.FindingsYoga sessions significantly improved patient pulse and self‐reported distress ratings regardless of gender or sensory profile levels.ConclusionsThis article contributes to research on the therapeutic effects of yoga as a sensory regulation intervention in the treatment of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. Yoga has the potential to help adolescents in an acute care psychiatric hospital learn to soothe themselves, to regulate their emotions, and to find relief from emotional distress while hospitalized.
Substrate Mapping and Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia: The LAVA Approach
Authors: SACHER FREDERIC , LIM HAN S. , DERVAL NICOLAS , DENIS ARNAUD , BERTE BENJAMIN , YAMASHITA SEIGO , HOCINI MÉLÈZE , HAISSAGUERRE MICHEL , JAÏS PIERRE 
Published: October 2014

Substrate Mapping and AblationIntroductionCatheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) is proven effective therapy particularly in patients with frequent defibrillator shocks. However, the optimal endpoint for VT ablation has been debated and additional endpoints have been proposed. At the same time, ablation strategies aiming at homogenizing the substrate of scar‐related VT have been reported.Methods and ResultsOur method to homogenize the substrate consists of local abnormal ventricular activity (LAVA) elimination. LAVA are high‐frequency sharp signals that represent near‐field signals of slowly conducting tissue and hence potential VT isthmuses. Pacing maneuvers are sometimes required to differentiate them from far‐field signals. Delayed enhancement on cardiac MRI and/or wall thinning on multidetector computed tomography are also extremely helpful to identify the areas of interest during ablation.
A strategy aiming at careful LAVA mapping, ablation, and elimination is feasible and can be achieved in about 70% of patients with scar‐related VT. Complete LAVA elimination is associated with a better outcome when compared to LAVA persistence even when VT is rendered noninducible.ConclusionThis is a simple approach, with a clear endpoint and the ability to ablate in sinus rhythm. This strategy significantly benefits from high‐definition imaging, mapping, and epicardial access.
Repolarization Characteristics in Early Repolarization and Brugada Syndromes: Insight into an Overlapping Mechanism of Lethal Arrhythmias
Authors: TALIB AHMED KARIM , SATO NOBUYUKI , KAWABATA NAOKO , SUGIYAMA EITARO , SAKAMOTO NAKA , TANABE YASUKO , FUJINO TAKAYUKI , TAKEUCHI TOSHIHARU , SAIJO YASUAKI , AKASAKA KAZUMI , KAWAMURA YUICHIRO , HASEBE NAOYUKI 
Published: October 2014

Repolarization Indices in ER and Brugada SyndromesIntroductionWe reported impaired QT‐rate dependence in early repolarization syndrome (ERS); however, contemporary data have shown peak incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in ERS and Brugada syndrome (BrS) at mid‐night and early morning. Taken together, we analyzed the nocturnal QT‐rate dependence in both syndromes.Methods and ResultsA total of 172 subjects were enrolled: 11 ERS, 11 BrS patients, 50 subjects with an uneventful ER pattern (ERP), and 100 non‐J‐wave control subjects. Ambulatory ECG‐derived parameters (QT, QTc, and QT/RR slope) and day–night QT difference were analyzed and compared. Among the groups, there was no significant difference in the average QT or QTc; however, the 24‐hour QT/RR slope was significantly smaller in ERS and BrS patients (0.103 ± 0.01 and 0.106 ± 0.01, respectively) than in the control group (0.156 ± 0.03, P < 0.001).Detailed analysis showed a lower day–night QT difference in ERS and BrS patients (19 ±18.7 and 24 ±14 milliseconds, respectively) than in the controls (40 ± 22 milliseconds, P = 0.007) with the lowest QT/RR slopes seen in the ERS and BrS groups from 0 to 3:00 am (QT/RR; 0.076 ± 0.02 vs. 0.092 ± 0.04 vs. 0.117 ± 0.04, for the ERS, BrS, and controls, respectively, P = 0.004) and from 3 to 6 am (QT/RR 0.074 ± 0.03 vs. 0.079 ± 0.02 vs. 0.118 ± 0.04, P < 0.001).ConclusionIn a large population of age‐ and gender‐matched groups, both ERS and BrS patients showed attenuated QT‐rate dependence and impaired QT day–night modulation that may provide a baseline reentrant substrate. Importantly, QT/RR maladaptation was most evident at mid‐night and early morning, which may explain the propensity of such patients to develop SCD during this critical period.
Bower‐building behaviour is associated with increased sperm longevity in Tanganyikan cichlids
Authors: Morita M. , Awata S. , Yorifuji M. , Ota K. , Kohda M. , Ochi H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigated the evolutionary relationship between spawning behaviour and sperm motility traits among Tanganyikan mouth‐brooding cichlid species that have developed diverse mating behaviours and male sexual traits. Mouth‐brooding behaviour is common among these fish, but different species demonstrate a range of spawning behaviours, bower construction, male sexual traits and timing of gamete release. We observed spawning behaviours and compared sperm motility traits of 28 Tanganyikan mouth‐brooding cichlids to elucidate the evolutionary correlations between these traits. Sperm longevity was considerably longer in bower‐building species that construct crater‐shaped spawning sites compared with species that do not build bowers. Male bower builders released sperm in the pit of the bower prior to spawning, and the time from ejaculation to fertilization was longer. Conversely, most mouth‐brooding cichlids deposited semen directly into the female buccal cavity, and spawned eggs were immediately picked up to be placed inside the cavity; thus, the time from ejaculation to fertilization was short. These observations suggest that increased sperm longevity is favoured in bower builders. Comparative phylogenetic analyses suggested that bower‐building behaviour and greater time from ejaculation to fertilization are associated with the extension of sperm longevity, whereas sperm competition rank does not play a major role. In addition, bower‐building behaviour preceded the emergence of increased sperm longevity. These results indicate that the extension of sperm longevity as a result of the emergence of bower builders may have acted as an evolutionary attractor for sperm longevity.
Effect of surface roughness on the hydrophobicity of a denture‐base acrylic resin andCandida albicanscolonization
Authors: de Foggi Camila C. , Machado Ana L. , Zamperini Camila A. , Fernandes Darcy , Wady Amanda F. , Vergani Carlos E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of surface roughness (roughness average [Ra]μm) on the hydrophobicity of a denture‐base acrylic resin and the initial adherence and biofilm formation ofCandida albicans(C. albicans).MethodsDisk‐shaped specimens were divided into six groups: Ra 0.05, Ra 0.2, Ra 0.4, Ra 0.8, Ra 1.5, and Ra 3.0. Water contact angles (WCA) were measured, and the specimens incubated withC. albicansfor 90 min (initial adherence,n = 108) or 48 h (biofilm formation,n = 108). Adhered and biofilm cells were evaluated by c.f.u./mL and 2,3‐bis‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐5‐carboxanilide (XTT), and the correlation between the two methods was evaluated. The surface of the specimens and cells (adhered and biofilm) were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsGroups Ra 0.05 and 3.0 exhibited the lowest (~75°) and the highest (~100°)WCAmean values, respectively. For both initial adherence and biofilm formation, no statistically‐significant differences were observed among all groups, as determined by c.f.u./mL andXTT. A positive correlation between these two methods was found. SEM analysis showed the presence of scratches and valleys on the acrylic specimens and densely‐packed yeast cells covering the entire surface.ConclusionsRoughness significantly increased hydrophobicity (WCA), but had no effect on the number and metabolic activity of adherent and biofilm cells ofC. albicans.
Long‐term follow up of post‐surgical tooth autotransplantation: a retrospective study
Authors: Mertens Brenda , Boukari Abdessamad , Tenenbaum Henri 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the long‐term results of tooth autotransplantation using the survival and success rates of transplanted teeth as outcome variables.MethodsThirty patients received a total of 44 transplants of immature teeth from 1987 to 1997. Seventeen of those patients with 25 transplants were recalled 10–20 years after tooth transplantation for complete clinical and radiographic examinations, followed by questionnaires that examined the patients' degrees of satisfaction. The incidence of all types of complications was carefully analyzed. Success was defined as being free of all complications over the entire observation period.ResultsThe long‐term survival rate for transplants that were observed after at least 10 years was 96%. The cumulative complication rate (pulpal, periodontal, and operative complication rates) after an observation period of 10–20 years was 38.9%. Therefore, the success rate at 10 years was 61.1%.ConclusionThe present study confirms that transplanted teeth have a high long‐term survival rate and a lower long‐term success rate. This procedure should be recommended and carried out in appropriate patients when necessary because it is the most biological approach, even though it is highly sensitive to technique.
Five‐Factor Model Personality Traits and the Objective and Subjective Experience of Body Weight
Authors: Sutin Angelina R. , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: October 2014

AbstractResearch on personality and adiposity has focused primarily on middle‐aged and older adults. The present research sought to (a) replicate these associations in a young adult sample, (b) examine whether sex, race, or ethnicity moderate these associations, and (c) test whether personality is associated with the subjective experience of body weight and discrepancies between perceived and actual weight. Participants (N = 15,669; Mage = 29; 53% female; ∼40% ethnic/racial minority) from Wave 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health completed a Five‐Factor Model personality measure and reported their weight, height, and perception of weight category (e.g., overweight); trained staff measured participants’ height, weight, and waist circumference. Conscientiousness was associated with healthier weight, with a nearly 5 kg difference between the top and bottom quartiles. Neuroticism among women and Extraversion among men were associated with higher adiposity. Neuroticism was also associated with misperceived heavier weight, whereas Extraversion was associated with misperceived taller and leaner. The associations were similar across race/ethnic groups. Personality is associated with objective and subjective adiposity in young adulthood. Although modest, the effects are consistent with life span theories of personality, and the misperceptions are consistent with the conceptual worldviews associated with the traits.
On Being the Same in Different Places: Evaluating Frame‐of‐Reference Effects Across Two Social Contexts
Authors: Kurtz John E. , Palfrey Amy Pastva 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFrame‐of‐reference (FOR) effects in personality assessment are demonstrated when self‐rated items oriented to specific contexts (e.g., workplace) show better predictive validity than noncontextualized items. Empirical support of FOR effects typically relies on job performance ratings or academic grades for criteria. The current study evaluates FOR effects using ratings of personality provided by informants from the home or school context. Items from the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI; Costa & McCrae, 1992) were contextualized to the home and school contexts to create NEO‐Home and NEO‐School versions. One hundred fifty‐eight college students completed the NEO‐Home and NEO‐School questionnaires, and 161 college students completed the standard, noncontextualized NEO‐FFI. All participants recruited one peer from college and at least one parent to complete standard rater versions of the NEO‐FFI. Contextualized self‐ratings did not show FOR effects. NEO‐Home self‐ratings did not correlate higher with parent ratings than with peer ratings, and NEO‐School self‐ratings did not correlate higher with peer ratings than with parent ratings. Standard NEO‐FFI self‐ratings generally showed higher self‐informant agreement with both types of informants than contextualized self‐ratings. The pattern of correlations suggests that validity is enhanced more by specific trait‐informant combinations than by the contextualization of items to social contexts.
Qualitative description of dental hygiene practices within oral health and dental care perspectives of Mexican‐American adults and teenagers
Authors: Maupome Gerardo , Aguirre‐Zero Odette , Westerhold Chi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to identify dental hygiene themes voiced by adults and teenagers of Mexican origin [or Mexican Americans (MAs)] and place these themes within the larger landscape of oral health and dental care perceptions.MethodsInterviews with urban‐based MAs were analyzed to identify barriers, beliefs, and behaviors influencing engagement in dental hygiene practices.ResultsAdult (n = 16, ages 33–52) and teenage (n = 17, ages 14–19) MAs reported themes pertaining to structural factors (financial and economic‐related barriers, the dual challenges of reduced access to care vis‐à‐vis successfully navigating the dental care system, and the effects of reduced social support derived from migration) and to individual factors (different agendas between MAs and health systems for dental care utilization and indications for oral self‐care, including limited dental hygiene instruction from professionals and larger impacts from school‐based and mass media). Also, prior experiences with dental hygiene, prevention, and associated themes were characterized by a range of attitudes from fatalistic to highly determined agency. Good family upbringing was instrumental for appropriate dental hygiene, anteceding good oral health; and outlining a loose structure of factors affecting oral health such as diet, having “weak” teeth, or personal habits.ConclusionsThemes from adults and teenagers in the Midwest United States were generally similar to other groups of MA parents and younger children. Dental hygiene was not salient relative to other oral health and dental care matters. Several opportunities for improvement of knowledge and enhancing motivation for dental hygiene practices were identified, both within and outside professional resources.
The functional phonological unit of Japanese‐English bilinguals is language dependent: Evidence from masked onset and mora priming effects
Authors: Ida Keisuke , Nakayama Mariko , Lupker Stephen J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSpeech production research has shown that Japanese monolingual speakers use mora‐sized phonological units, not phoneme‐sized units, when phonologically encoding Japanese words. Recent bilingual research has indicated that proficient Japanese‐English bilinguals nevertheless use phoneme‐sized units when phonologically encoding English words, suggesting that use of a phonological unit that is smaller than that of their L1 develops with increasing proficiency in English. The purpose of the present research was to determine whether proficient Japanese‐English bilinguals also begin to use the smaller, phoneme‐sized units when producing Japanese words. In a masked priming naming task, proficient Japanese‐English bilinguals produced a significant masked onset priming effect for English words, confirming that they do use phoneme‐sized units when phonologically encoding in English (L2). These bilinguals, however, showed only mora‐based facilitation for Japanese words in an experiment involving only Japanese words. These results suggest that proficient bilinguals use different unit sizes depending on the language being produced, and that for bilinguals whose L1 and L2 have different unit sizes, the phonological encoding process is at least somewhat different in their two languages.
Young children produce categorical false recall without activation of the lure items
Authors: Nabeta Tomohiro , Wakabayashi Sumino , Park Shin‐Young , Kamigaki Akiko , Yamazaki Akira 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIndividuals who study a list of words that are all related to another word that is not presented (a lure word) sometimes produce a false memory of having studied the lure word. The false memories are observed in lists of words that are in the same category as (category list) or associated with (associative list) a word that was not presented in an attempt to elicit false recall. The present study investigated whether young children create these types of false recall. Following the study of a categorical list, false recall was elicited in young children to the same degree as in adults, but studying an associative list elicited false recall only in adults. Furthermore, categorically related lure words did not have a priming effect in young children. These results suggest that the categorical false recall is produced via a different mechanism from the associative false recall.