bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FGF2 Overrides TGFβ1‐Driven Integrin ITGA11 Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Grella Alexandra , Kole Denis , Holmes William , Dominko Tanja 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTDeposition of collagen‐based extracellular matrix by fibroblasts during wound healing leads to scar formation—a typical outcome of the healing process in soft tissue wounds. The process can, however, be skewed in favor of tissue regeneration by manipulation of wound environment. Low oxygen conditions and supplementation with FGF2 provide extracellular cues that drive wound fibroblasts towards a pro‐regenerative phenotype. Under these conditions, fibroblasts dramatically alter expression of many genes among which the most significantly deregulated are extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules. Here we investigate the mechanism of a collagen I binding integrin α11 (ITGA11) deregulation in response to low oxygen‐mediated FGF2 effects in dermal fibroblasts. Using RT‐PCR, qRT‐PCR, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry, we describe significant down‐regulation of ITGA11. Decrease in ITGA11 is associated with its loss from focal adhesions. We show that loss of ITGA11 requires FGF2 induced ERK1/2 activity and in the presence of FGF2, ITGA11 expression cannot be rescued by TGFβ1, a potent activator of ITGA11. Our results indicate that FGF2 may be redirecting fibroblasts towards an anti‐fibrotic phenotype by overriding TGFβ1 mediated ITGA11 expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1000–1008, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends in agricultural heat and solar radiation resources in Northeast China: A multistage spatio‐temporal analysis
Authors: Hu Qi , Pan Feifei , Pan Xuebiao , Li Qiuyue , Shao Changxiu , Pan Zhihua , Wei Yurong 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTClimate change has changed the distribution of climate resources in crop growing season, and caused some impacts on agricultural production. Based on daily meteorological data collected at 71 meteorological stations in Northeast China, trends at multi‐temporal scales (decadal, annual, monthly, and 10‐day) and spatial patterns of heat resources [temperature, frost‐free period (FFP)] and solar radiation resources [growing season's sunshine hour (GSS)] are estimated over the period 1961–2012.The period of 2000–2012 has been successively warmer than the previous decades with higher mean values for both temperature and FFP, and temperature had an abrupt increasing change in the 1980s. An increasing trend was identified for the daily mean temperature in the study area, with the trend value (0.30 °C decade−1) double the global warming rate (0.14 °C decade−1). As the last frost date advanced by 1.9 days decade−1 in spring and the first frost date delayed by 1.6 days decade−1 in fall, FFP increased by 17.9 days in recent 52 years with the average trend value of 3.5 days decade−1. Temperature in February exhibited the highest increasing rate; furthermore, the maximum temperature trends occurred in the last 10 days of February at most stations. Daily sunshine hours decreased in June, July, and August, but GSS showed small changes at decadal and annual scales because of the prolonged FFP.In summary, climate change has prolonged FFP, increased the heat resource, and slightly changed solar radiation resource during crop growing season, which is beneficial for agriculture in Northeast China.
Synoptic‐scale flow structures associated with extreme precipitation events in northern Switzerland
Authors: Giannakaki Paraskevi , Martius Olivia 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents a climatological analysis of upper‐level synoptic‐scale flow structures and low‐level moisture signatures associated with extreme precipitation events in north‐eastern (NE) and north‐western (NW) Switzerland. Extreme daily precipitation events between 1961 and 2010 are identified using a gridded observation‐based precipitation data set. ERA‐Interim and ERA‐40 fields are used to characterize the flow. Large‐scale flow configurations over Europe that are common to extreme precipitation events are identified by a K‐means clustering approach. For each area, five large‐scale flow classes are defined. These flow classes include zonally oriented flows over western Europe accompanied by a ridge over the east Atlantic, amplified upper‐level troughs over western Europe, strong westerly or south‐westerly flows, wave‐breaking events and a broad trough over the Mediterranean. For each class, the main forcing mechanism behind the ascent of moist air, the magnitude of the total precipitable water and the seasonal distribution are presented. The way in which the location and structure of the defined upper‐level classes affect the local distribution of precipitation is analysed. Moreover, we analyse the directions of the moisture flux that interacts with the topography and results in extreme precipitation events. The flow conditions range from advective situations in which large amounts of moisture are transported towards the orographic obstacle to flow situations in which heavy precipitation occurs on the lee side of the Alps and ascent is mostly driven by large‐scale forcing. The co‐occurrence of events between NE and NW Switzerland is presented. Approximately 30% of the events occurred in both areas on the same day or differed in timing by 1 day.
Improving translation success of cell‐based therapies in orthopaedics
Authors: Bara Jennifer J. , Herrmann Marietta , Evans Christopher H. , Miclau Theodore , Ratcliffe Anthony , Richards R. Geoff 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThere is a clear discrepancy between the growth of cell therapy and tissue engineering research in orthopaedics over the last two decades and the number of approved clinical therapies and products available to patients. At the 2015 annual meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, a workshop was held to highlight important considerations from the perspectives of an academic scientist, clinical researcher, and industry representative with the aim of helping researchers to successfully translate their ideas into clinical and commercial reality. Survey data acquired from workshop participants indicated an overall positive opinion on the future potential of cell‐based therapies to make a significant contribution to orthopaedic medicine. The survey also indicated an agreement on areas requiring improvement in the development of new therapies, specifically; increased support for fundamental research and education and improved transparency of regulatory processes. This perspectives article summarises the content and conclusions of the workshop and puts forward suggestions on how translational success of cell‐based therapies in orthopaedics may be achieved. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:17–21, 2016.
Development of a device for real‐time light‐guided vocal fold injection: A preliminary report
Authors: Cha Wonjae , Ro Jung Hoon , Wang Soo‐Geun , Jang Jeon Yeob , Cho Jae Keun , Kim Geun‐Hyo , Lee Yeon Woo 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold injection is a minimally invasive technique for various vocal fold pathologies. The shortcomings of the cricothyroid (CT) membrane approach are mainly related to invisibility of the injection needle. If localization of the needle tip can be improved during vocal fold injection with the CT approach, the current problems of the technique can be overcome. We have conceptualized real‐time light‐guided vocal fold injection that enables simultaneous injection under precise localization. In this study, we developed a device for real‐time light‐guided vocal fold injection and applied it in excised canine larynx.Study DesignAnimal model.MethodsA single optic fiber was inserted in an unmodified 25‐gauge needle. A designated connector for the device was attached to the needle, the optic fiber, and the syringe. A laser diode module was used as the light source. An ex vivo canine larynx model was used to validate the device.ResultsThe location of the needle tip was accurately indicated, and the depth from the mucosa could be estimated according to the brightness and size of the red light. The needle was inserted and could be localized in the canine vocal fold by the light of the device. Precise injection at the intended location was easily performed with no manipulation of the device or the needle.ConclusionsReal‐time light‐guided vocal fold injection might be a feasible and promising technique for treatment of vocal fold pathology. It is expected that this technique can improve the precision of vocal fold injection and expand its indication in laryngology.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:936–940, 2016
UNESCO/IUPAC Postgraduate Course in Polymer Science – Prague, Czech Republic
Authors: Šturcová Adriana , Kratochvíl Pavel 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, provides training of young scientists, mainly from economically disadvantaged countries, in the form of a 10‐month programme under the auspices of UNESCO and IUPAC named “UNESCO/IUPAC Postgraduate Course in Polymer Science”. The programme consists primarily of a research‐project work under supervision by senior researchers and also of lectures, seminars and language courses. In this paper, the achievements of the 18 completed academic years of the Course are summarised, and the progress of the current run is reported. For those who become interested in the future runs, practical advice is given.
Polymer Education in Japan
Authors: Nakano Tamaki 
Published: September 2015

SummaryEducation in Japan is segmented into 6 years of elementary school, 3 years of junior high school, 3 years of high school, and 4 years of university, with elementary and junior high education compulsory. Polymer education in Japan starts at the elementary school level, where the iodine‐starch reaction is taught, typically as hands‐on, experimental lessons in a science class. At the high school level, the concepts of “polymers” and “polymerization” are taught in chemistry class but not in detail. Details are treated as optional subjects in the curriculum and are not included in university entrance exams; students generally do not choose to spend much time and efforts on subjects that are not applicable to the exams. Polymer science is taught as an independent subject or an area of organic chemistry or material science at the university level.
Polymer Education in Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Authors: He Jiasong 
Published: September 2015

SummaryStarting with one example of graduate students, who pursued his doctoral study in Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), this article presents the graduate education in the Section of Polymer Science and Materials, ICCAS. Doctoral students take one‐year course study in the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), then spend four years at least in respective laboratories to conduct scientific research on topics related to grant projects, and finally complete their doctoral dissertation and pass the defense. The scientific environment in ICCAS promotes R&D research and cooperation among laboratories. Some statistical data show bilateral benefits both for the students and their supervisors obtained from the whole education process. A list of education units delivering polymer courses in Chinese mainland is also included.
Polymer Science Education – A (Southern) African Perspective
Authors: Pasch Harald 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPolymer science and technology are two key areas for the development of novel materials and processes that influence all aspects of our daily routine from construction, computer science and health care to the exploitation and processing of natural resources. The advancement of these key areas requires basic and advanced polymer science education at school as well as at university level. Africa, being rich in natural resources including crude oil, metals and minerals, will be developing from a rural, agriculture dominated continent to a more industrialized continent with modern production facilities and a growing research and development sector within the next two decades. Such a development requires top education facilities including polymer science education and training.The present review addresses the status of polymer science education in sub‐saharan Africa in the field of tertiary education. As typical examples, the situation in larger countries including Nigeria, Tanzania and Zimbabwe is discussed and compared to the situation in South Africa.
Polymer Education in Australia
Authors: Fellows Christopher M. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe coverage of polymer science and engineering in Australian universities was surveyed by contacting respondents and accessing course and unit catalogues of Australian universities. It was found that the breadth and extent of undergraduate education in polymers was not strongly correlated with the profile of polymer‐related research at an institution, and that few institutions appeared to have a systemic commitment to polymer science. Polymer education was stronger in engineering faculties than science faculties, with a majority of Australian undergraduate students studying polymers to a significant extent enrolled in BEng programs. Most responses were consistent with a decline in polymer education over the past few decades, with units of study no longer offered and the reduction of polymer content in the units that remained. It was estimated that approximately 700 students with significant exposure to polymers graduate from Australian BSc and BEng programs annually. Given the small extent of the Australian polymer industry and the large proportion of foreign‐trained professionals in Australia, the extent of polymer education in Australia appears to be adequate for the needs of the country.
Developing a Polymer Semiconductor Education Kit and Curriculum for High School Science Classrooms
Authors: Enlow Jessica L. , Marin Dawn M. , Walter Michael G. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe development of a new science outreach program is described that uses a polymer semiconductor kit geared towards high school science classrooms. The kit is focused around educating students about polymeric semiconductors and contains materials and curriculum for three educational modules: a conductive polyaniline nanofiber module, a light‐emitting diode module using poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (MEH‐PPV), and a polymer solar cell using MEH‐PPV and TiO2. A previous educational outreach program called “Juice from Juice” whose curriculum and activities explore the science and application of nanomaterials and molecules for low‐cost solar cells inspired efforts to develop the polymer science outreach program. Key to the success of these programs is a methodology involving close collaboration between university research centers and high school science teachers both during development and implementation stages of the program.
Update on Polymer Education in Korea
Authors: Do Choon H. , Theato Patrick 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPolymer education in South Korea is described in connection with the industrialization of the country after the Korean War. Adversities such as the destruction of production facilities during the war had to be overcome before industrialization and development of plastics industry dynamically took off. Different approaches of polymer education in universities and scientific societies in South Korea are described. Short courses and polymer education through the internet are also mentioned. Industrial production of electronic devices (TV sets, mobile phones), automotive and ship‐building industry requires highly skilled scientists and engineers to provide the necessary polymeric materials. Devotion of people in Korea to education, including polymer education, might play an important role in the present prosperity of South Korea.
Polymer Education – A Matter at the Heart of the IUPAC Polymer Division
Authors: Mormann Werner 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe Polymer Division of IUPAC apart from its initial activities in the field of nomenclature and terminology of polymers has been pursuing additional goals, among them polymer education. A Subcommittee on Polymer Education was established in 2005, sessions on polymer education have been part of the IUPAC MACRO World Polymer Congress series since 2004, a polymer education website has been set‐up and several recurrent polymer education events are regularly supported and accompanied by the Polymer Division. These activities are reviewed here.
Suppression of capsule expression in Δlon strains of Escherichia coli by two novel rpoB mutations in concert with HNS: possible role for DNA bending at rcsA promoter
Authors: Meenakshi Shanmugaraja , Munavar M. Hussain 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAnalyses of mutations in genes coding for subunits of RNA polymerase always throw more light on the intricate events that regulate the expression of gene(s). Lon protease of Escherichia coli is implicated in the turnover of RcsA (positive regulator of genes involved in capsular polysaccharide synthesis) and SulA (cell division inhibitor induced upon DNA damage). Failure to degrade RcsA and SulA makes lon mutant cells to overproduce capsular polysaccharides and to become sensitive to DNA damaging agents. Earlier reports on suppressors for these characteristic lon phenotypes related the role of cochaperon DnaJ and tmRNA. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of two novel mutations in rpoB gene capable of modulating the expression of cps genes in Δlon strains of E. coli in concert with HNS. clpA, clpB, clpY, and clpQ mutations do not affect this capsule expression suppressor (Ces) phenotype. These mutant RNA polymerases affect rcsA transcription, but per se are not defective either at rcsA or at cps promoters. The results combined with bioinformatics analyses indicate that the weaker interaction between the enzyme and DNA::RNA hybrid during transcription might play a vital role in the lower level expression of rcsA. These results might have relevance to pathogenesis in related bacteria.
Cache‐at‐relay: energy‐efficient content placement for next‐generation wireless relays
Authors: Erol‐Kantarci Melike 
Published: September 2015

SummaryUploading and downloading content have recently become one of the major reasons for the growth of Internet traffic volume. With the increasing popularity of social networking tools and their video upload/download applications, as well as the connectivity enhancements in wireless networks, it has become a second nature for mobile users to access on‐demand content on‐the‐go. Urban hot spots, usually implemented via wireless relays, answer the bandwidth need of those users. On the other hand, the same popular contents are usually acquired by a large number of users at different times, and fetching those from the initial content source each and every time makes inefficient use of network resources. In‐network caching provides a solution to this problem by bringing contents closer to the users. Although in‐network caching has been previously studied from latency and transport energy minimization perspectives, energy‐efficient schemes to prolong user equipment lifetime have not been considered. To address this problem, we propose the cache‐at‐relay (CAR) scheme, which utilizes wireless relays for in‐network caching of popular contents with content access and caching energy minimization objectives. CAR consists of three integer linear programming models, namely, select relay, place content, and place relay, which respectively solve content access energy minimization, joint minimization of content access and caching energy, and joint minimization of content access energy and relay deployment cost problems. We have shown that place relay significantly minimizes the content access energy consumption of user equipments, while place content provides a compromise between the content access and the caching energy budgets of the network. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revisiting Project Re‐Engineered Discharge (RED): The Impact of a Pharmacist Telephone Intervention on Hospital Readmission Rates
Authors: Sanchez Gail M. , Douglass Mark A. , Mancuso Michelle A. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeProject Re‐Engineered Discharge is a discharge nurse education (DNE) and pharmacist follow‐up telephone intervention protocol that was shown to decrease rehospitalization significantly. The specific value of the pharmacist intervention was not originally evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a pharmacist telephone intervention during the transition of care process on the rate of unplanned hospitalization within 30 days of patient discharge.MethodsA retrospective chart review was completed for patients who received DNE counseling and were discharged to home from the family medicine service at Boston Medical Center from July 2012 to May 2013. Patients were stratified into two groups: contacted/intervention and unable to contact/no intervention. The primary outcome was the rate of unplanned hospital utilization including emergency department visits and readmissions within 30 days of discharge. Secondary end points included number of pharmacist interventions and time spent on phone calls.ResultsA total of 401 patients were identified; 277 patients received a pharmacist telephone intervention, and 124 patients were unable to be contacted. Baseline characteristics did not differ between the two groups, with the exception of a higher prevalence of substance abuse in the nonintervention group (41.9% vs 21.3%, p<0.001). The rate of unplanned hospitalization (visits/patient) was significantly reduced in the intervention group, compared with the unable‐to‐contact group (0.227 vs 0.519, p<0.001). Pharmacists made a total of 128 interventions and spent an average of 22 minutes on each telephone intervention.ConclusionPatients unable to be contacted by a pharmacist after hospital discharge were more likely to be readmitted or visit the emergency department in the 30 days following discharge. A pharmacist telephone intervention as part of a comprehensive discharge protocol can have a positive impact on patients during the transition of care process by reducing incidence of unplanned hospital utilization.