bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-15b Modulates Japanese Encephalitis Virus–Mediated Inflammation via Targeting RNF125
Authors: Zhu Bibo , Ye Jing , Nie Yanru , Ashraf Usama , Zohaib Ali , Duan Xiaodong , Fu Zhen F. , Song Yunfeng , Chen Huanchun , Cao Shengbo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) can target CNS and cause neuroinflammation that is characterized by profound neuronal damage and concomitant microgliosis/astrogliosis. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a major regulatory network with profound effects on inflammatory response, it is less clear how they regulate JEV-induced inflammation. In this study, we found that miR-15b is involved in modulating the JEV-induced inflammatory response. The data demonstrate that miR-15b is upregulated during JEV infection of glial cells and mouse brains. In vitro overexpression of miR-15b enhances the JEV-induced inflammatory response, whereas inhibition of miR-15b decreases it. Mechanistically, ring finger protein 125 (RNF125), a negative regulator of RIG-I signaling, is identified as a direct target of miR-15b in the context of JEV infection. Furthermore, inhibition of RNF125 by miR-15b results in an elevation in RIG-I levels, which, in turn, leads to a higher production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFN. In vivo knockdown of virus-induced miR-15b by antagomir-15b restores the expression of RNF125, reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines, attenuates glial activation and neuronal damage, decreases viral burden in the brain, and improves survival in the mouse model. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-15b modulates the inflammatory response during JEV infection by negative regulation of RNF125 expression. Therefore, miR-15b targeting may constitute an interesting and promising approach to control viral-induced neuroinflammation.
Realism, Naturalism, and American Public Libraries, 1880–1914
Authors: JOHANNINGSMEIER CHARLES 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A great deal is known about what inspired individual American realist and naturalist authors in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries to create their works, the ways in which they revised these texts during the composition process, the difficulties they had getting their manuscripts published, the numbers of copies printed of the books and periodicals containing these texts, the bibliographical forms these took, and even about their popular and critical reception.
W. E. B. Du Bois, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and “A Suggestion on the Negro Problem”
Authors: OLIVER LAWRENCE J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Investigations of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s public and private writings on ethnic minorities, especially African Americans, have documented her deep-seated racial prejudice and belief in Anglo-Saxon supremacy.1 Those prejudices are clearly projected in her infamous essay “A Suggestion on the Negro Problem.” Appearing in the July 1908 number of the American Journal of Sociology, the essay begins with the assertion that the “superior” race must find a practical means for speeding up the “racial evolution” of that “large body of aliens, of a race widely dissimilar and in many respects inferior, whose present status is to us a social injury.”2 Her astonishing suggestion is to have each state enlist all “negroes below a certain grade of citizenship” into a quasi-military organization that would perform dignified labor for society and thereby develop the work habits and personal discipline that will make them productive members of the social body. Yet even as she portrays blacks as inferior beings who threaten the white social order, she commends those African Americans who “in this brief time [i.e., since the end of slavery] have made such great progress” (79); indeed, “more progress in a few generations than any other race has ever done in the same time, except the Japanese” (80). This class of “decent, self-supporting, progressive negroes” is not a “problem” and deserves congratulations from white Americans (80–81).
A Case of Domestic Violence: Norris’ Vandover as a Subprime Victim
Authors: MULLIGAN ROARK 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Written during the 1890s but rejected by more than one editor for its graphic details, Vandover and the Brute was not published until 1914, twelve years after the author’s death. More than his other novels, Vandover draws on Frank Norris’ youth in San Francisco, especially his family’s real estate holdings, but the author augments, exaggerates, and upends these details, creating a surrealistic nightmare. As Donald Pizer bluntly states, “Vandover is Norris’s most autobiographical novel” and this claim is evidenced in Joseph McElrath and Jesse Crisler’s biography.2 The parallels between Norris and his title character are numerous, including their educations and artistic ambitions, but in chronicling Van’s ultimate decline, Norris creates a dystopian biography, a grotesque version of his life—Vandover serves as a but-for-the-grace-of-God warning that, like McTeague, typifies the suffering of a man who fails to develop or adapt in an urban environment during volatile economic times. Piecing together fragmented memories, rearranging “them in some more orderly sequence,” Norris through Vandover narrates his youth, creating a foreboding tale, a gargoyle that serves as a warning to both the author and the reader.3
Old New York’s Twin Rediscovered
Authors: CROWLEY JOHN W. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Old New York (1924), Edith Wharton’s quartet of novellas, traces the history of her childhood world, decade by decade, from the 1860s through the 1890s. Neither the collection as a whole nor its component parts has attracted much attention, except for “The Old Maid,” the best of the four stories. Details about their publication may not improve the standing of Old New York in the Wharton canon, but they do place her transitioning career in the arena of the book trade.
Kant and the Liberal Arts: A Defense
Authors: Sweet Kristi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this essay, I outline a Kantian line of defense for the liberal arts. Despite the essential function of education in moral life for Kant, it has only been in recent years that Kant scholarship has paid close attention to the importance of education for his moral theory. I believe that, in addition to our understanding of how education can shape the moral character of individuals, Kant also affords insight into how education–and the university, in particular–may make a contribution to our role as citizens. In this paper, I trace how Kant’s view of history, the arts, and philosophy can be seen to make a contribution to the fulfillment of our civic duty to exercise free speech. After outlining the relationship of these disciplines to the government along with a brief analysis of our duty to exercise our reason publicly, I draw out the distinctive ways each of these disciplines supports our efforts to improve society.
The Concept of the Oceanic Feeling in Artistic Creativity and in the Analysis of Visual Artworks
Authors: Saarinen Jussi Antti 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
For several decades now, psychoanalytically oriented writers on art have used the concept of the oceanic feeling to designate feelings of oneness, limitlessness, and mania in artistic creativity and aesthetic experiencing. In this article, I examine critically the most influential account of the oceanic feeling in aesthetics, provided by art pedagogue and art critic Anton Ehrenzweig. Following his points of emphasis, I elaborate on the structural, perceptual, and affective aspects of oceanic states of mind. To illuminate further some of the central premises and problems of Ehrenzweig’s account, I assess two separate analyses of visual artworks that have incorporated his ideas. To conclude, I present my own view of the use of oceanic terminology in regard to artistic creativity, analysis of visual artworks, and aesthetic encounters.
The Sublime in Art: Kant, the Mannerist, and the Matterist Sublime
Authors: Vandenabeele Bart 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Kant offers the most detailed and convincing account of the mathematical sublime in the history of aesthetics and justly takes into account the deep grounding of aesthetic appraisal and creativity in experience and cognition. Still, as it stands, his theory cannot adequately explain the aesthetic value of the majority of modern and contemporary artworks. I argue, then, that a critically upgraded version of Kant’s theory of the mathematical sublime ought to be developed to (i) reveal the aesthetic value of so-called anti-aesthetic art; (ii) substantiate the claim that the aesthetic value of a work of art does not exclusively depend on sensory properties of the work; (iii) explore the topical relevance of the (mathematical) sublime as a viable aesthetic concept in art theory; and (iv) assess more accurately the crucial relation between form and content, which is essential to art. To enable us to assess the value of modern and contemporary artworks adequately, I develop two new varieties of the sublime–namely, the mannerist sublime and the matterist sublime–and connect these with Kant’s theory of aesthetic ideas. Furthermore, I show how these two varieties can be successfully employed to account for the aesthetic value of modern and contemporary artworks.
Homage to Illustration: Story Telling in Paint and Marble
Authors: Spitz Ellen Handler 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Images speak a different language from words. They tell stories differently. Yet, for many generations, since art history was legitimized as a discipline in American academia, early in the twentieth century, illustration has been treated with a measure of condescension. This essay contests that viewpoint. To disavow illustration is to bypass what counts for many viewers as a deeply heartfelt and intimate aspect of art viewing, not to mention one core to artists’ own creative processes, for very often art is made with stories consciously or preconsciously in mind. That prejudice, moreover, also shortchanges the stories themselves. The drive to invent imagery- -in all visual media–that corresponds to verbal tales is deeply entrenched as a motive in the psyche. Closely allied with dreaming, this drive deserves rethinking in light of a contemporary global culture that is turning ever more strikingly toward visual communication.
Leibniz and Culinary Cognitions: A Speculative Journey
Authors: Wertz S. K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
An argument is made for Leibniz as our first modern food philosopher. This is based on his theory of cognition or perception and culinary examples he used in the New Essays on Human Understanding. This view is contrasted with Locke and Hume’s accounts of perception. Their atomistic approach proves to be woefully inadequate for food products like sauces, whereas Leibniz’s view gives us an account of them. All agree that food products like sauces are complex ideas, but Locke and Hume try to argue that they are made up of simple ideas or impressions that are clear and distinct. “Simple” for Leibniz is an abstraction, and perceptions cannot be separated out from ideas, so complexity is more easily achieved in his scheme of things. In the end, he has a more adequate view of food products.
Countering "What God Thought and the Neighbors Said": Alternative Gender Possibility and Becoming-Animal in Harriette Arnow’s Hunter’s Horn
Authors: Holtman Janet 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article reads Harriette Arnow’s 1949 novel of the Kentucky hills through a lens of twenty-first-century queer theory and post-structuralism. It briefly surveys past criticism, but instead of suggesting, as many past critics have, that the novel merely offers, and fails to resolve, the tensions between its central hunting narrative and its gender critique, this paper instead argues for another way of viewing the novel’s structure, troubling denouement (when a loving and unconventional father requires his brilliant daughter to succumb to an unwanted marriage), and unique central symbol, an almost supernaturally clever red fox who plagues and challenges the community. This reading of Arnow’s mid-twentieth-century Appalachian hunting tale offers a new look at the ways in which a third-sex possibility offered through an animal avatar can undermine patriarchal authority, cross gender boundaries, and establish a uniquely Appalachian icon of alterity.
Resisting Economic Opportunities? An Inquiry into the Reasons and Motivations of Individuals Who Stay in a Socio-Economically Deprived Area
Authors: Heinemann Lindsay , Hadler Markus 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Appalachian states are predominantly perceived as areas with few economic opportunities and an ongoing "brain drain." This emphasis on out-migration, however, ignores an important group of individuals--those who "resist" the temptation of better opportunities, remain in their home states, and thus represent exceptions to this out-migration. Twenty qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted in the Huntington, West Virginia, area with the aim to scrutinize the motivations of this group. The results point to the importance of family ties and strong local identities as migration-inhibiting factors, as well as economic opportunities for a few respondents. This study also shows that considering rural states as homogeneous entities can be misleading, given the prevalence of internal migration and the type of opportunities that were perceived within West Virginia.
The Collaboration Networks of Economic Development Organizations in Eastern Kentucky
Authors: Compion Sara , Ofem Brandon , Ferrier Walter , Borgatti Stephen , Cook-Craig Patricia , Jensen Jane , Nah Seungahn 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This study describes the patterns of collaboration among economic development organizations (EDOs) in eastern Kentucky. Economic development organizations work to improve the economic conditions of their respective locales. They operate in a region facing many historical barriers to economic sustainability, and where resource scarcity is the norm. Given this distressed context, a deeper understanding of how these organizations work together provides valuable insight into practices that promote or discourage goal attainment. Employing a social network perspective, we examine the patterns of collaboration between ninety-eight EDOs currently operating in the region. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with EDO leaders and via an online survey. In this paper, we review the relevant literature and our methodology, identify the population of such organizations, describe their characteristics, and illustrate the various ways in which they collaborate. Our findings reveal that although EDOs share a common mission to promote local economic development, they vary widely in their service offerings and geographic scope, and only leverage about 8 percent of their networking potential.
“I did not mean to make away with the child, I did not know what I was about”: Autobiographical Traces of Infanticide in Eighteenth-Century Trial Records
Authors: Boon Sonja 
Published: July 2015

In this essay, I am interested in the possibilities of maternal autobiography in court documents. I focus specifically on the trial records of mothers charged with infanticide between 1700 and 1800. Drawing on the Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913, I consider these narratives both through the lenses of legal and social histories of infanticide, and in relation to Marlene Kadar et al.’s notion of “autobiographical traces,” fragmentary stories that emerge when pieces of individual lives are stitched together with the historical, social and political context in which they emerged. The fragments I explore in this essay include not only the limited textual interventions of the accused mothers themselves, as they took the stand to speak in their defense, but also their silences and erasures. In addition to this, I consider the autobiographical potential of these women’s actions and behaviours, as witnessed and deposed by those called to the stand. Finally, I consider the stories of self that emerge from the reproductive and maternal body; that is, I am interested in the ways that bodily stories and understandings inevitably complicate textual and behavioural narratives. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on 15 September 2014 and published on 25 June 2015.
Waving at Soldiers
Authors: Richardson Heather 
Published: July 2015

For most writers the first experience of narrative comes from within the family. Facts, opinions, distortions and – very occasionally – truth, are shaped into family stories. A first-time memoirist such as myself has to acknowledge her own unreliability as a narrator, and must unpick real from false memory, the accidently misremembered from the downright lie. In this piece I chart the uncomfortable experience of remembering and writing about growing up during the Northern Irish ‘Troubles’, focusing on the life and death of my Aunt’s husband. He was a British soldier serving in Northern Ireland during the worst years of the Troubles in the early 70s and latterly a constable in the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). From their peculiar wedding in my parents’ front room to his death in a car crash five years later, exploring his story has confronted me with the long-denied impact of the Northern Irish conflict on my practice as a writer and teacher of creative writing. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on 20 April 2015 and published on 19 July 2015.
Comparisons of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Ultrasound Imaging for Detection of Internal Mammary Lymph Node Metastases in Patients With Breast Cancer and Pathologic Correlation by Ultrasound‐Guided Biopsy Procedures
Authors: An Yeong Yi , Kim Sung Hun , Kang Bong Joo , Lee Ah Won 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo compare the diagnostic performance of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and ultrasound imaging (US) with pathologic results obtained by US‐guided biopsy and to evaluate the role of US in detecting internal mammary lymph node (LN) metastases in patients with breast cancer.MethodsBetween January 2008 and December 2012, 37 patients with breast cancer (median age, 51.4 years; range, 40–79 years) underwent US‐guided biopsy for suspected internal mammary LN metastases. Medical records, radiologic images, and reports were reviewed and correlated with pathologic results.ResultsThe positive internal mammary LN metastasis rate was 78.4%. All biopsies were performed safely without major complications. Only 8.1% of obtained samples were unsatisfactory. There were statistically significant differences in lesion size (P = .0002), standardized uptake value on PET/CT (P = .0015), biopsy methods (P = .002), and specimen adequacy (P = .007) between metastatic and benign groups. Of the clinical factorsreviewed, only concurrent distant metastasis was correlated with internal mammary LN metastasis (P< .0001). Sensitivities for detecting internal mammary LN metastases were 76.7%, 96.7%, and 92.9% for initial US examinations, initial US combined with second‐look US for initially missed cases, and PET/CT, respectively (P= .017). In a subgroup analysis, the only significant difference found was in sensitivities between initial and combined US (P = .019). In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve for PET/CT using standardized uptake criteria (0.87) was higher than that for US using size criteria (0.83); however, this difference was not significant.ConclusionsAlthough PET/CT is the best noninvasive method for evaluating internal mammary LN metastases, US is also useful if internal mammary LN evaluation is routine during standard US surveillance of patients with breast cancer. Additionally, US‐guided biopsies could be performed immediately on any suspected metastases and yield a high positive rate without serious complications.
Assessment of Intracranial Structure Volumes in Fetuses With Growth Restriction by 3‐Dimensional Sonography Using the Extended Imaging Virtual Organ Computer‐Aided Analysis Method
Authors: Caetano Ana Carolina Rabachini , Zamarian Ana Cristina Perez , Júnior Edward Araujo , Cavalcante Rafael Oliveira , Simioni Christiane , Silva Carolina Pacheco , Rolo Liliam Cristine , Moron Antonio Fernandes , Nardozza Luciano Marcondes Machado 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo assess intracranial structure volumes by 3‐dimensional (3D) sonography in fetuses with growth restriction.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cross‐sectional case‐control study involving 59 fetuses with growth restriction (38 fetuses with estimated weight <3rd percentile and 21 fetuses with estimated weight between 3rd and 10th percentiles, according to Hadlock et al [Radiology 1984; 150:535–540]) and 54 controls between 24 and 34 weeks' gestation. The following fetal intracranial structure volumes were assessed: cerebellum, brain, and frontal region. The volume was assessed by 3D sonography using the extended imaging virtual organ computer‐aided analysis method with 10 sequential planes. Analysis of variance was used to compare fetal groups. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility.ResultsStatistical significance between the brain, frontal region, and cerebellar volumes and a relationship between the frontal region and the brain in fetuses with estimated weights below the 3rd percentile and controls were observed (P < .001; P < .001; and P = .002; and P = .008, respectively). Good intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility was observed for the fetal brain, frontal region, and cerebellar volumes, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.998, 0.997, 0.997, 0.999, 0.997, and 0.998, respectively.ConclusionsThe intracranial structure volumes assessed by 3D sonography using the extended imaging virtual organ computer‐aided analysis method were reduced in fetuses with growth restriction (estimated weight <3rd percentile).
Use of the Combined First‐Trimester Screen in High‐ and Low‐Risk Patient Populations After Introduction of Noninvasive Prenatal Testing
Authors: Larion Sebastian , Warsof Steven L. , Romary Letty , Mlynarczyk Margaret , Peleg David , Abuhamad Alfred Z. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo report changes in the use of the combined first‐trimester screen (FTS) in patients classified as high and low risk for fetal aneuploidy, including after introduction of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT).MethodsA prospectively collected database was reviewed to investigate changes in FTS use before and after American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Practice Bulletin No. 77 (Obstet Gynecol 2007; 109:217–227), which recommended that all patients be offered aneuploidy screening, and after NIPT introduction. High‐risk patients were classified as 35 years or older at the estimated time of delivery or those with an abnormal prior screen, abnormal ultrasound findings, or family history of aneuploidy. Data were normalized per 100 morphologic ultrasound examinations to account for changes in patient number over time. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05.ResultsA total of 10,125 FTSs were recorded during the 88‐month study period, including 2962 in high‐risk patients and 7163 in low‐risk patients. The total number of FTSs performed per 100 morphologic ultrasound examinations significantly increased after ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 77 and significantly decreased after NIPT introduction. In high‐risk patients, the total number of FTSs performed per 100 morphologic ultrasound examinations significantly increased after ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 77 but significantly decreased after NIPT introduction. In contrast, in low‐risk patients, the total number of FTSs performed per 100 morphologic ultrasound examinations significantly increased after ACOG Practice Bulletin No.77 but was not statistically different after NIPT introduction.ConclusionsAmerican College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Practice Bulletin No. 77 significantly increased patient use of FTS. The introduction of NIPT significantly decreased FTS use in the high‐risk population but not in the low‐risk population.