bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinearities in the Intellectual Property-Manufacturing Growth Nexus in the Post-TRIPS Era: Evidence from a Dynamic Panel Analysis
Authors: Ramos Vincent Jerald R. , Daway-Ducanes Sarah Lynne S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiscussions around the importance of intellectual property (IP) intensified at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic as countries raced to secure IP-protected goods (e.g., vaccines and medical equipment) necessary to respond quickly and adequately to the threat of the virus’ spread. Building on the growing strand of the literature that reexamines IP’s effect on an array of social and economic outcomes, this paper examines the relationship between quantitative (patents and trademarks) and qualitative (IP protection) measures of IP, on the one hand, and manufacturing growth, on the other hand, accounting for the presence of nonlinearities. Using a two-step system generalized method of moments (SGMM) approach on a panel dataset of 81 countries spanning the post-1995 TRIPS Agreement period, our estimates show that these alternative measures of IP have differential and nonlinear effects on manufacturing growth. In particular, patents have a positive significant marginal effect on manufacturing growth past a minimum scale, whereas trademarks do not have a significant effect. In contrast, stronger IPR protection has a positive effect only up to a critical level of IPR protection, implying that “too much” IPR protection can stifle growth-inducing competing innovation. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on the mechanisms through which IP may contribute to manufacturing growth, and on some policies, which may help realize this potential. Broadly, this paper speaks to academic and policy discussions surrounding optimal IP enforcement and the benefits and consequences of IP.
Is Alignment Unsafe?
Authors: Kirk-Giannini Cameron Domenico 
Published: August 2024

AbstractYum (2024) argues that the widespread adoption of language agent architectures would likely increase the risk posed by AI by simplifying the process of aligning artificial systems with human values and thereby making it easier for malicious actors to use them to cause a variety of harms. Yum takes this to be an example of a broader phenomenon: progress on the alignment problem is likely to be net safety-negative because it makes artificial systems easier for malicious actors to control. I offer some reasons for skepticism about this surprising and pessimistic conclusion.
Determining Which Hydrostatic Pressure Regimes Promote Osteogenesis in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Henstock James R. , Price Joshua C. F. A. , El Haj Alicia J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background:
Compressive loading of bone causes hydrostatic pressure changes which have been proposed as an osteogenic differentiation stimulus for mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We hypothesised that hMSCs are adapted to differentiate only in response to cyclic hydrostatic pressures above critical thresholds of magnitude and frequency which correspond to physiological levels of anabolic bone loading.

Methods:
Using a pneumatic-hydrostatic bioreactor, we applied hydrostatic pressure regimes to human hMSCs in 3D collagen hydrogel cultures for 1 h/day over 28 days to determine which levels of pressure and frequency stimulated osteogenesis in vitro.

Results:
Stimulation of the 3D cultures with 0–280 kPa cyclic hydrostatic pressure at 1 Hz resulted in up to 75% mineralisation in the hydrogel (without exogenous growth factors), whilst static culture or variations of the regime with either constant high pressure (280 kPa, 0 Hz), low-frequency (0.05 Hz, 280 kPa) or low-magnitude (70 kPa, 1 Hz) stimulation had no osteogenic effects (< 2% mineralisation). Nuclear translocation of YAP was observed following cyclic hydrostatic pressure in mature MLO-A5 osteoblasts but not in hMSCs, suggesting that cyclic hydrostatic pressure activates different mechanotransduction pathways in undifferentiated stem cells and committed osteoblasts.

Conclusions:
Hydrostatic pressure is a potent stimulus for differentiating MSC into highly active osteoblasts and may therefore be a versatile tool for translational cell engineering. We have demonstrated that there are minimum levels of force and frequency needed to trigger osteogenesis, i.e. a pressure ‘switch’, which corresponds to the physiological forces experienced by cells in their native mesenchymal niche. The mechanotransduction mechanisms underpinning these effects are the subject of further study.
Luteolin, chemical feature and potential use for oral disease
Authors: Fukuda Takao , Kawakami Kentaro , Toyoda Masaaki , Hayashi Chikako , Sanui Terukazu , Uchiumi Takeshi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Luteolin, a natural polyphenolic flavone, is a bioactive compound with high thermal stability. Owing to its prominent antioxidant activity, luteolin has been reported to exert therapeutic effects on inflammation-associated diseases. This review discusses the therapeutic potential of luteolin for treating dental diseases.

Recent Findings
Luteolin has multifaceted pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, and cardioprotective effects. Furthermore, the antibacterial effects of luteolin are accompanied by an anti-biofilm effect. More recently, luteolin has been identified as an inhibitor of protein kinase R (PKR), which plays an essential role in inflammasome activation. In this regard, we demonstrated the potential of luteolin as a pulp sedation compound for pulpitis that acts by suppressing PKR-mediated inflammation in dental pulp cells.

Summary
Although conventional dental treatments for dental caries or periodontitis largely depend on cause-related therapy, disruption of biofilms and regulation of inflammation are prerequisites for a favorable prognosis. Together with its superior anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, the biocompatible features of luteolin make it a promising candidate for treating dental diseases with fewer side effects.
A Department-Wide Transition to a New Mode of Computer-Aided Assessment Using STACK
Authors: Davies Ben , Crisan Cosette , Geraniou Eirini , Smart Teresa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe focus on the integration of STACK—a Computer-Aided Assessment (CAA) technology—in the mathematics department of a high-ranking University in the United Kingdom. We study a department-wide project where instructors were expected to implement STACK into continuous assessment tasks for (nearly) all core modules across the first two years of undergraduate study. We present this work as a departmental case study, drawing on semi-structured interviews with six novice STACK assessment designers (and module leaders), supplemented by students’ responses to an open-response feedback questionnaire, and the reflections of a co-project lead (also first author). Our thematic analysis identified four themes related to the design of STACK-based assessments by novice to STACK tutors: the process of ‘STACKification’, technical challenges, users’ perspectives on the role of CAA, and finally, variations in assessment designers’ approaches to the role of feedback. In presenting our results, we are guided by Sangwin’s (2013) design principles for mathematics assessment. We consider various technical aspects of implementing STACK-based assessments as a first-time user, and the knowledge required to do so effectively and coherently. We conclude with a series of reflections on the role of CAA in undergraduate mathematics, and the ways in which such technology can be productively integrated with established practice.
Reuse and remanufacturing of insulated glass units
Authors: Teich Martien , Scherer Christian , Schuster Miriam , Brandenstein Max , Elstner Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany office and residential buildings in Europe need to be renovated in the near future to meet current energy efficiency requirements. This often comes down to updating the insulation performance of the building envelope including the windows. Most “old” windows consist of a frame and a double insulated glass unit (IGU) or even monolithic glass panes – typically without any low-e coating. These non-coated double glazings have a Ug-value of 2.7 W/m2K (single glazing even 5.2 W/m2K). Modern coated triple glazed IGUs provide Ug-values of up to 0.5 W/m2K.This paper deals with the question of how old insulating glass units can be re manufactured to match the state of the art in terms of the energy efficiency. For this purpose, dismounted IGUs from the 1980s are used. After analyzing the remaining functionality, the double IGUs are disassembled. The single glass pane is cleaned, and the old edge sealing is removed. The old glass pane is combined with a new coated low-e glass and a spacer system to form a new upgraded IGU with warm edge technology. This study demonstrates that remanufactured IGUs can achieve the performance of IGUs made from new glass.
Characterization of mycotoxins produced by two Fusarium species responsible for postharvest rot of banana fruit
Authors: Conti Taguali Sebastiano , Riolo Mario , Dopazo Victor , Meca Giuseppe , Cacciola Santa Olga 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn an open-air market in southern Italy, we noticed ‘Lady finger’ banana fruit imported from Costa Rica showing a severe rot, whose symptoms consisted of necrotic peel lesions with variable shape and size. Fusarium sacchari and F. proliferatum were consistently isolated from symptomatic fruit. In pathogenicity tests on ‘Lady finger’ banana fruit, F. proliferatum was more virulent than F. sacchari. Quantitative Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometric analysis of secondary metabolites produced by isolates of these two Fusarium species on three different matrices (banana peel, barley and maize kernels) identified 11 mycotoxins. Seven of them (Fusaproliferin, Fumonisins A1, Fumonisins A2 and Fumonisins B1, Hydrolysed Fumonisin B1, Fusarin C and Moniliformin) were detected in matrices contaminated by F. proliferatum isolates. Fumonisin A1 was the prevalent mycotoxin in both maize kernels and banana peel, while Fumonisin A2 prevailed in barley kernels. Similarly, seven mycotoxins (the cyclic hexadepsipeptides Enniatins B2, B3 and B4, Fumonisins A1 and B2, Hydrolysed Fumonisin B1 and Fusarin C) were detected in matrices contaminated by F. sacchari isolates, but they were only in part the same as those produced by F. proliferatum isolates. Fusarin C prevailed in all three matrices colonized by F. sacchari. Fumonisin A1 was detected exclusively in maize kernels while Enniatins B3 and B4, Fumonisin B2 and Hydrolysed Fumonisin B1 were detected exclusively in barley kernels. Overall, F. proliferatum produced a higher amount of mycotoxins than F. sacchari. Moreover, in banana peel both species produced a lower number and amount of mycotoxins than in the other two matrices.
The Quantum Cyclic Rotation Gate
Authors: Pavone Arianna , Viola Caterina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA circular shift operator (or cyclic rotation gate) $${{\,\mathrm{\texttt {ROT}}\,}}_k$$

ROT

k

applies a rightward (or leftward) shift to an input register of n qubits o by as many positions as encoded by an additional input $$k \in \mathbb N$$

k
∈
N

. Specifically, the qubit at position x is moved to position $$(x+k) \mod n$$

(
x
+
k
)

mod

n

. While it is known that there exists a quantum rotation operator that can be implemented in $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {O}}\,}}(\log (n))$$

O

(
log
(
n
)
)

-time, through the repeated parallel application of the elementary $${{\,\mathrm{\texttt {Swap}}\,}}$$

Swap

operators, there is no systematic procedure that concretely constructs the quantum operator $${{\,\mathrm{\texttt {ROT}}\,}}$$

ROT

for variable size n of the quantum register and a variable parameter k. We fill the gap, providing a systematic implementation of the cyclic rotation operator (denoted $${{\,\mathrm{\texttt {ROT}}\,}}$$

ROT

) in a quantum circuit model of computation whose depth is $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {O}}\,}}(\log (n))$$

O

(
log
(
n
)
)

. We show how the circular shift operator can be utilized in quantum approaches to text processing, focusing on the problem of getting all possible cyclic rotations of a string in $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {O}}\,}}(\log ^2(n))$$

O

(

log
2

(
n
)

)

depth.
Can the ‘21st Century Maritime Silk Road’ initiative improve the opening-up of China’s coastal provinces?
Authors: Wang Yuping , Gao Yuan , Wang Yu , Guo Ziang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) serves as China’s blueprint and major strategy for opening-up in the new era. This study theoretically examines three mechanisms of the ‘21st Century Maritime Silk Road’ (CMSR) to promote the opening up of provinces and cities along the line, including the allocation, integration, and circulation mechanisms. Using 2009–2021 data from prefecture-level cities, this study designed a quasi-natural experiment based on the CMSR by combining propensity score matching (PSM) and differences-in-differences (DID) methods. The study findings show CMSR significantly promoted China’s opening-up. Various robustness tests demonstrate that our findings are robust. Mechanism analysis shows that CMSR improved China’s opening-up by promoting the flow of production factors, integrating domestic and international product markets, and accelerating circulation. Heterogeneity analysis shows that CMSR strongly influences large, coastal, and nonprovincial cities. These findings provide a new perspective for evaluating the policy effects of the 21st CMSR.
The Right Numeraire or the Just Weights? How to Make BCA Rational and Fair
Authors: Fleurbaey Marc , Hammitt James K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Unweighted benefit–cost analysis (BCA) based on aggregate willingness to pay might be, at long last, falling into disrepute, as it is widely recognized that it exhibits a bias toward the wealthy, and as alternatives are appearing more and more practicable. However, the choice of alternatives is often framed in terms of choosing an alternative metric to willingness to pay in money, such as willingness to pay in healthy life years, or a measure of subjective well-being. It is argued in this paper that (i) a simple summation of individuals’ willingness to pay in any numeraire (e.g., money, healthy life years) is bound to generate non-transitivity issues in a similar way as money-based BCA, and (ii) a metric such as subjective well-being involves distributional value judgments that are too specific to reflect the relevant spectrum in the public debate. The “orthodox” weighted BCA method, which links BCA to an underlying social welfare function, offers more flexibility and guarantees transitive choices. Fortunately, in some relevant cases, these various methods may provide similar results, and the main options currently proposed all give greater weight to the worse off in the population than does unweighted BCA.
Persistent transcendental Bézout theorems
Authors: Buhovsky Lev , Polterovich Iosif , Polterovich Leonid , Shelukhin Egor , Stojisavljević Vukašin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An example of Cornalba and Shiffman from 1972 disproves in dimension two or higher a classical prediction that the count of zeros of holomorphic self-mappings of the complex linear space should be controlled by the maximum modulus function. We prove that such a bound holds for a modified coarse count inspired by the theory of persistence modules originating in topological data analysis.
Father’s involvement associated with rural children’s depression and anxiety: A large-scale analysis based on data from seven provinces in China
Authors: Jiang Jian , Tang Xuwei , Lin Zhifeng , Lin Yulan , Hu Zhijian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To investigate the relationship between father involvement in parenting and mental health problems among children and adolescents in rural China. The Rural Children’s Mental Health dataset includes mental health information from 2,489 children and adolescents aged 5–16 in seven provinces in China. The relationship between father involvement in children and adolescents depression risk and anxiety was analyzed by Spearman’s correlation analysis, logistic regression analysis, and restricted cubic spline. Father involvement was significantly and negatively associated with depression scores (r = −0.38, P < 0.001) and anxiety scores (r = −0.18, P < 0.001) in rural Chinese children and adolescents. Both multivariate models indicate that the highest level of father involvement has a protective effect on the risk of depression among children and adolescents (OR = 0.268 and 0.303, 95% CI: 0.149~0.483 and 0.144~0.636), while the association with anxiety risk is only significant in the multivariate model 1 (OR = 0.570, 95% CI: 0.363~0.896). Father involvement is a protective factor for the risk of depression among children and adolescents in rural China. The level of father involvement should be increased, and active participation should be encouraged to reduce the risk of depression in their children and to further promote the mental health of children and adolescents in China.
The effect of emotional prosody and referent characteristics on novel noun learning
Authors: Jungers Melissa K. , Hupp Julie M. , Rardon Jarrett A. , McDonald Samantha A. , Song Yujin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProsody includes the pitch, timing and loudness in speech, which can convey meaning and emotion. This study examines whether prosodic categories affect novel noun learning and whether the referent characteristic influence learning. Previous research showed that emotional prosody interfered with adults’ noun learning (West et al., 2017), but it had no effect on children (West et al., 2022). However, these researchers varied their method across ages, including animacy and complexity of the referent, and it is unclear if the results extend beyond the three emotional prosodies tested. Participants in the current set of studies heard novel words presented in five prosodic categories (within-subject) in order to learn the label for either animate or inanimate objects (between-subject). Study 1 compared inanimate objects and aliens, with better noun learning performance for inanimate objects. Study 2 compared inanimate objects with the same objects with faces added, but there was no difference in noun learning by object type. Both studies showed differences in noun learning by the prosodic category, with warning less accurate than naming. These results demonstrate how extralinguistic factors like prosody, attention and referent complexity influence noun learning.
An automated faecal egg count system for detection of Ascaridia galli ova in chickens
Authors: Cain J.L. , Wilson D. , Slusarewicz P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chicken production has increased over the past decade, resulting in a concomitant rise in the demand for more humane options for poultry products including cage-free, free-range, and organic meat and eggs. These husbandry changes, however, have come hand-in-hand with increased prevalence of Ascaridia galli infection, which can cause clinical disease in chickens as well as the occasional appearance of worms in eggs. Additionally, development of anthelmintic resistance in closely related helminths of turkeys highlights the need for closely monitored anthelmintic treatment programs. Manual faecal egg counts (FECs) can be time-consuming and require specialist training. As such, this study sought to validate an automated FEC system for use in detection and quantification of A. galli eggs in chicken faeces. Automated counts using the Parasight System (PS) were compared to traditional manual McMaster counting for both precision and correlation between methods. Overall, ten repeated counts were performed on twenty individual samples for a total of 200 counts performed for each method. A strong, statistically significant correlation was found between methods (R2 = 0.7879, P < 0.0001), and PS counted more eggs and performed with statistically significant higher precision (P = 0.0391) than manual McMaster counting. This study suggests that PS is a good alternative method for performing A. galli FECs and provides a new tool for use in helminth treatment and control programs in chicken operations.
Lateral skull-base osteoradionecrosis: a 15-year series of 20 consecutive cases and a suggested management protocol
Authors: Richards Emma , Muzaffar Jameel , Kumar Raghu , Monksfield Peter , Irving Richard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTemporal bone osteoradionecrosis is a rare but significant complication of radiation for head and neck malignancies. Various management techniques have been described, but no clear protocol exists.MethodsA retrospective case review of patients with temporal bone osteoradionecrosis managed over 15 years was carried out to highlight multidisciplinary team (MDT) management. The review findings were compared with the published literature and a protocol was derived for the management of future cases.ResultsA total of 20 patients were included. The sites of osteoradionecrosis included the external auditory canal, the middle ear and the lateral skull base, presenting with features including recalcitrant pain, infection, neuropathies and intracranial sepsis. Treatments included hyperbaric oxygen, antibiotics, debridement and, in advanced cases, lateral temporal bone resection with vascularised tissue transfer. Post-operative and long-term outcomes were discussed.ConclusionEarly temporal bone osteoradionecrosis may be managed conservatively. Refractory osteoradionecrosis can be life-threatening because of intracranial complications and sepsis. Such cases need an MDT approach with radical skull-base surgery for removal of necrotic foci and reconstruction using vascularised tissue transfer.
The Most Iniquitous Lobby: The Committee for Constitutional Government and the Shaping of American Politics, 1937–1955
Authors: McPhee-Browne Alex 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article examines the Committee for Constitutional Government, a conservative organization that spearheaded a novel form of mass-based mobilization and direct-mail propaganda to counter New Deal reforms from 1937 to the late 1950s. I argue that the members of the committee offered a supple and variegated response to New Deal liberalism, one with deep roots in the American past. Organizationally, the committee differed from other conservative groups of the period in the vastly greater reach of its propaganda, the small-donor financial base of its operations, and its extensive cultivation of a grassroots movement committed to right-wing reform. The committee was a critical political actor from 1937 to 1955, systematically shaping legislation and countering the trend toward social democracy in America. The ultimate result of its campaigns was to retard the growth of the administrative state and help formulate a cogent conservative critique of reformist liberalism.
A New Deal for Wine
Authors: Olmsted Kathryn , Rauchway Eric 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCurrently, scholars hold that the government’s principal contribution to the California wine industry’s recovery from Prohibition in the 1930s was to get out of the way, freeing entrepreneurs to conduct business properly; according to this interpretation, the United States only taxed the product and impeded progress. But this article argues that in the areas of regulation, promotion, and protection of the wine industry, the federal government provided a framework for California winemakers to succeed and that, moreover, it often did so at their request and in cooperation with them. Though New Deal laws and regulations did not benefit all stakeholders equally, they did work to bring economic recovery to an industry that suffered from both Prohibition and the Depression.