bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Does the eHealth Information Use Mitigate Cancer Fatalism in Family Cancer Histories Groups? A Study of Chain Mediation Effects Based on Social Cognitive Theory
Authors: Wang Jiazheng Zayn , Li Qingrui , Zhao Xinshu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Cancer fatalism is the greatest obstacle to cancer prevention and treatment behavior and is particularly prevalent among people with a family history of cancer. While previous studies have shown that the use of eHealth information influences cancer fatalism beliefs in the general population, a deeper exploration of the underlying mechanisms is imperative. Using Social Cognitive Theory as a theoretical framework and targeting people with a family history of cancer, this study aimed to investigate whether eHealth information use can effectively alleviate cancer fatalism and elucidate the mechanisms driving this association.
Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the sixth iteration of the National Trends in Health Information Survey (HINTS6), using the survey sample of 3,131 individuals with a family history of cancer. Firstly, this study assesses the direct and indirect effects of eHealth information use on cancer fatalism beliefs; Secondly, exploring the mediating roles of cancer worry, frequency of doctor visits, and trust in cancer information from doctors; Finally, examining a chained mediation model to explain how individuals may change their inherent beliefs about cancer through the eHealth information use.
Results: The results showed that the direct effect (bp =-0.062, p<0.001) and the total effect (bp=-0.059, p<0.001) of eHealth information use were negatively correlated with cancer fatalism. Cancer worry, frequency of doctor visits, and trustin cancer information from doctors were mediating mechanisms and were positively correlated with eHealth information use. In addition, the study revealedthat trustin cancer information from doctors was negatively correlated with cancer fatalism (bp =-0.071, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: eHealth information use combinedwith interventions and offline communication with physicians plays a positive role in reducing cancer fatalism in the family cancer history, providing individuals with more health information and support. Public health departments should use eHealth information platforms to communicate correct cancer science knowledge and positive attitudes toward cancer and encourage people to trust health information from authoritative science, such as doctors, to reduce cancer fatalism and adopt positive health behaviors.
afthd: An R package for accelerated failure time model using MCMC for high dimensional time-to-event data
Authors: Bhattacharjee Atanu , Vishwakarma Gajendra K , Kumari Pragya , Tank Fatih 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

High-dimensional data, along with the time-to-event outcome analysis, is a challenging task. The accelerated failure time (AFT) model is an alternative to the Cox proportional hazard (CPH) model in survival analysis. However, there is a lack of available packages and functions to work on high-dimensional time-to-event data for the AFT model using Bayesian. We developed an R package 'afthd' that works with an advanced AFT model for high-dimensional time-to-event data under the Bayesian paradigm and also provides different diagnostics plots for univariate and multivariable Bayesian analysis. We attempted to present a computer code with open-source R software to work with high-dimensional data for the AFT model. The conventional AFT model has been extended for the Bayesian framework of log-normal, Weibull, and log-logistic AFT models for univariate and multivariable high-dimensional data contexts. The methodology is validated by performing the simulation technique, showing consistent results for parameters in all three types of parametric AFT models. The application part is also performed on two different real high-dimensional liver cancer datasets, which clearly reveals the proposed method’s significance by obtaining inferences for survival estimates for the disease. The developed package 'afthd' is competent to work with high-dimensional time-to-event data using the conventional AFT model and the Bayesian paradigm. Other aspects, like missing covariates in high-dimensional data and competing risks analysis, are also covered in this work.
Insecticide resistance status and mechanisms in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from different dengue endemic regions of Panama
Authors: Carrera Lorenzo Caceres , Piedra Luis , Torres-Cosme Rolando , Castillo Anakena M , Bruno Antonio , Martínez Dan , Rodríguez Maria Magdalena , Bisset Juan A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Dengue is a serious public health problem worldwide, including Panama. During the last years the number of dengue cases have increased, this may be due to the presence of mosquito populations resistant to insecticides. The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance status, its enzymatic mechanisms and Kdr mutations in wild populations of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
Methods
Standard WHO bioassays were performed using insecticide-treated filter papers to determine resistance in populations Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to pyrethroids insecticides, organophosphates, to the carbamate propoxur and to the organochlorine DDT. Biochemical assays were conducted to detect metabolic resistance mechanisms and real-time PCR was performed to determine the frequencies of the Kdr mutations Val1016IIe and F1534C.
Results
The strains Ae. aegypti El Coco showed confirmed resistance to deltamethrin (78.5% mortality) and lambda-cyhalothrin (81%), Aguadulce to deltamethrin (79.3%), David to deltamethrin (74.8%) and lambda-cyhalothrin (87.5%) and Puerto Armuelles to permethrin (83%). Aedes aegypti El Empalme showed confirmed resistance to pirimiphos-methyl (62.3% mortality), chlorpyrifos-methyl (55.5%) and propoxur (85.3%). All strains of Ae. albopictus showed possible resistance to PYs and five strains to DDT. Only Ae. albopictus Canto del Llano showed confirmed resistance to pirimiphos-methyl (70% mortality) and malathion (62%). Esterase activity was variable across sites with the most frequent expression of α-EST compared to β-EST in Ae. aegypti populations. In Ae. albopictus the expressed enzymes were β-EST and MFOs. The Kdr Val1016IIe mutation was detected in Ae. aegypti Aguadulce, El Coco and David.
Conclusion
The presence of a varied and generalized resistance, enzymatic mechanisms and the Val1016IIe mutation may be associated with the intensive use and possibly misuse of the different insecticides applied to control Aedes populations. These results highlight the need to develop a program for resistance management. Also, alternative approaches to mosquito control that do not involve insecticides should be explored.
Golgi-derived extracellular vesicle production induced by Viral 2-E channels
Authors: Li Qiguang , Liu Qian , Li Shuangqu , Zuo Xiaoli , Zhou Hu , Gao Zhaobing , Xia Bingqing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate cell-to-cell communication, and some enveloped viruses utilize these vesicles as carriers to mediate viral transmission. SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein (2-E) forms a cation channel and overexpression of 2-E led to the generation of a distinct type of large extracellular vesicle (2-E-EV). Although 2-E-EV has been demonstrated to facilitate viral transmission in a receptor-independent way, the characteristics and biogenesis mechanism remained enigmatic. We identified 2-E-EV as a novel EV. Via lipidomics and proteomic analysis, we found 2-E-EV is distinct from endosome-derived exosomes. 2-E-EV is notably enriched in Golgi apparatus components, aligning with the observed fragmentation in Golgi morphology. Through live cell imaging, we established a connection between 2-E-EV formation, Golgi fragmentation, and channel activity, emphasizing the role of 2-E-EV as an ion channel-induced extracellular vesicle. Our work highlights 2-E-EVs as distinctive Golgi-derived vesicles, contributing to a deeper understanding of 2-E channel-mediated virus-host dynamics, with implications for therapeutic strategies and drug delivery.
GWSF-EuSWAP70 gene expression to enhance gray mold resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Huang Zhenchi , Ma Shengjian , Cai Fenglian , Li Lichun , Li Xiaoming , Wu Zhi hua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Eucalyptus, a widely cultivated woody plant, is susceptible to a diverse array of pests and diseases, leading to reduced yields and economic losses. Traditional breeding methods are very time-consuming; therefore, plant genetic engineering has emerged as a promising approach for plant pathogen management. However, the genetic transformation system of eucalyptus is still in its early stages of development, while studies on transgenic eucalyptus and its disease-resistance genes are limited. The SWAP70 gene has been shown to play a crucial role in the defense response of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. In this study, the model plant A. thalianawas selected for genetic transformation. The aim was to enhance the expression of the EuSWAP70 gene derived from Eucalyptus grandis, and other disease-resistance genes, by utilizing an artificial GWSF promoter.
Results
The results showed that the EuSWAP70 gene was successfully transformed into A. thaliana, and the PCR assay confirmed the presence of the EuSWAP70 gene in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The gray mold resistance of the EuSWAP70 transgenic Arabidopsis plants under GWSF and CaMV35S promoters was evaluated against Botrytis cinerea infection. After gray mold infection, Arabidopsisplants were ranked by leaf pore area percentage: wild-type > CaMV35S-EuSWAP70 > GWSF-EuSWAP70. The transgenic plants showed stronger gray mold resistance, and the GWSF-EuSWAP70 transgenic plants were stronger than the CaMV35S-EuSWAP70 transgenic plants.
In two transgenic Arabidopsis plants treated with different inducers, the expression levels of ten disease-resistant genes were compared, and there was a significant difference between them. The expression levels of disease-resistance genes, particularly NPR1 and ChiB, were found to be higher in GWSF-EuSWAP70 transgenic Arabidopsis plants than those in CaMV35S-EuSWAP70transgenic plants. GWSF-EuSWAP70 transgenic Arabidopsis plants have stronger disease-resistance gene activity than CaMV35S-EuSWAP70plants under various inducers. The GWSF-EuSWAP70transgenic plants have minimal background expression and a wide range of plant inducer responses. Different inducer treatments had different effects on gene expression levels, B. cinerea treatment resulted in a significant increase in the expression levels of NPR1 and ChiB genes, whereas ethylene and salicylic acid (SA) pre-treatment reduced the expression levels of ChiB genes under B. cinerea treatment.
Conclusions
The EuSWAP70 gene can be effectively introduced into Arabidopsis plants, induced by two promoters, and potentially improve their B. cinerearesistance.
PET imaging of [ 52 Mn]Mn-DOTATATE and [ 52 Mn]Mn-DOTA-JR11
Authors: Omweri James M. , Houson Hailey A. , Lynch Shannon E. , Tekin Volkan , Sorace Anna G. , Lapi Suzanne E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Manganese-52 is gaining interest as an isotope for PET imaging due to its desirable decay and chemical properties for radiopharmaceutical development. Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is significantly overexpressed by neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and is an important target for nuclear imaging and therapy. As an agonist, [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE has demonstrated significant internalization upon interaction with receptor ligands, whereas [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-JR11(as an antagonist) exhibits limited internalization but better pharmacokinetics and increased tumor uptake. The goal of this study was to label both DOTATATE and DOTA-JR11 peptides with 52Mn in high radiochemical yields (RCY) and sufficient specific activity. A comparison of these two compounds was performed in in vitro and in vivo studies in animals with somatostatin receptor-positive xenografts to characterize differences in cell, tumor, and tissue uptake. Radiolabeling of DOTATATE and DOTA-JR11 was carried out by combining varying concentrations of the peptides with [52Mn]MnCl2. In vitro stability of the radiotracers was determined in mouse serum. In vitro cell uptake and internalization assays were performed in SSTR2 + AR42J cells and negative controls. In vivo biodistribution and longitudinal PET imaging was evaluated in mice bearing AR42J tumors. Both [52Mn]Mn-DOTATATE and [52Mn]Mn-DOTA-JR11showed affinity for SSTR2 in AR42J cells. However, the uptake of [52Mn]Mn-DOTATATE was higher (11.95 ± 0.71%/ mg) compared to [52Mn]Mn-DOTA-JR11 (7.31 ± 0.38%/ mg) after 2 h incubation. After 4 h incubation, 53.13 ± 1.83% of the total activity of [52Mn]Mn-DOTATATE was internalized, whereas only 20.85 ± 0.59% of the total activity of [52Mn]Mn-DOTA-JR11 was internalized. The PET images revealed similar biodistribution results, with [52Mn]Mn-DOTATATE showing a significant tumor uptake of 11.16 ± 2.97% ID/g, while [52Mn]Mn-DOTA-JR11 exhibited a lower tumor uptake of 2.11 ± 0.30% ID/g 4 h post-injection. The synthesis of both radiotracers was accomplished with high RCY and purity. The cell uptake and internalization of [52Mn]Mn-DOTATATE showed higher levels compared to [52Mn]Mn-DOTA-JR11. PET images of the radiotracers in AR42J tumor bearing mice demonstrated similar biodistribution in all organs except the tumor, with [52Mn]Mn-DOTATATE showing higher tumor uptake compared to [52Mn]Mn-DOTA-JR11. The variations in properties of these tracers could be used to guide further imaging and treatment studies.
Impact of encounters on patient app use: results of a tethered mobile personal health record usage pattern analysis
Authors: Tak Yae Won , Kim Jeong-Hoon , Lee Jae-Ho , Lee Yura 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The adoption of tethered mobile personal health records provides not only medical information to patients but also various convenience functions related to hospital use, thereby increasing accessibility to healthcare services and promoting patient engagement. We analyse the tethered mobile personal health records app’s usage logs to determine how it can contribute to improving medical service accessibility and patient engagement.
Methods
Log data, that comprised menu type, log time, and date, were collected from the mobile personal health records app of a tertiary referral hospital. Clinical information, including patients’ demographics and visit typeㅅ, was collected from the clinical research warehouse system. The usage log was analysed in terms of the type of visit, service function, and time period.
Results
Outpatients accounted for 34% of the total app usage and was the most app-accessed visit type. The most utilized menu functions were lab test and visit schedule for visits or non-visits. For Inpatient and Health check-ups, menu usage patterns showed a focus on lab test results. While investigations and other menu usage showed double peaks in the morning and afternoon, peak usage of lab test results correlated with inpatient blood sampling times, which was around 9 am.
Discussion
App menus to access health information, particularly blood tests, emerged as the most accessed menu. Hence, when compared with blood sampling times and hospital information system usage patterns, encounters occurring in the hospital majorly impacted patient app use. For improved patient engagement, improving lab test function should be the priority.
Effects of PD-L1 Inhibitors on Mitochondrial Function in Melanoma A375 Cells: Unveiling a Shielded Drug Resistance Mechanism
Authors: 张 宁 , Feng Fenglan , Dang Ruonan , Zhao Xiaoqing , Wang Xingrong , Yang Yuqi , Deng Jinjin , Meng Wei , Huang Xinglan , Zhang Shunying , Deng Yuqiong , Huang Caifeng , Yan Peng , Liu Zhongrong , Cheng Xiping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly PD-L1 inhibitors, poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment by limiting patient survival. The intricate mechanisms underlying this resistance remain poorly understood, highlighting a critical gap in oncology research.
Objective: This study aimed to delve into the regulatory impacts of PD-L1 inhibitors on mitochondrial function within melanoma cells (A375) and explore the potential correlation between PD-L1 resistance and mitochondrial function.
Methods: 1. A375 cells were treated with PD-L1 inhibitors, and the effects on mitochondrial gene expression, respiratory chain complex IV activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, apoptosis-related genes (BAX and BCL-2) expression, tumor pathogenicity-related indicators (cell viability, migration, and invasion) were observed. 2. Fluorescently labeled mitochondria membrane, cell nucleus, and PD-L1 inhibitors were used in high-resolution confocal microscopy to determine whether PD-L1 inhibitors can enter mitochondria. 3. A375 cells treated with PD-L1 inhibitors were subjected to intervention with mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor, succinate carrier inhibitor, to observe the effects on apoptosis-related genes (BAX mRNA and BCL-2 expression), tumor pathogenicity-related indicators (cell viability, migration, and invasion).
Results: 1.Through high-resolution confocal microscopy, it was observed that PD-L1 inhibitors penetrated mitochondria, binding to the cristae of the inner mitochondrial membrane without entering the cell nucleus.2.Treatment with PD-L1 inhibitors resulted in increased mitochondrial gene expression and respiratory chain activity, reduced ROS levels, elevated BAX expression, decreased BCL-2 expression, and diminished tumor migration and invasion in A375 cells.3.Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain function by succinate carrier inhibitors impeded the enhancement of mitochondrial function induced by PD-L1 inhibitors in A375 cells. This led to a sustained increase in BAX expression, a significant decrease in BCL-2 expression, and a notable reduction in cell viability, tumor migration, and invasion.
Conclusion: PD-L1 inhibitors exhibit the capability to penetrate mitochondria, exerting an inhibitory effect on tumor activity in melanoma cells while significantly enhancing mitochondrial function. Disrupting this enhancement of mitochondrial function by PD-L1 inhibitors reverses their overall anti-tumor efficacy, hinting at a novel mechanism of tumor resistance mediated through the regulation of the mitochondrial pathway by PD-L1 inhibitors.
Bee community response to multiple stressors along a tropical urban-peri urban gradient
Authors: Dutta Aditi , Samajpati Indranil , Basu Parthiba 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Urbanization in tropical landscapes is a complex phenomenon that can lead to community shift rather than simple species extinction in response to multiple stressors in peri-urban and urban settings. We have investigated impacts of different stressors along a tropical urban-peri-urban gradient on the bee community, the health of which is a global conservation concern. Several stressors such as, increased built-up area, pesticide application and air pollution may effectively regulate bee community composition and corresponding functional diversity along urban-peri urban gradients. We investigated the changes in bee community structure in response to associated stressors in 20 locations including parks and gardens along an urban-peri urban gradient surrounding the megacity of Kolkata. Bee community structure differed significantly between urban and peri urban sites with urban sites showing lower value of nestedness. Network analysis also revealed thatApis floreaandLasioglosssumsp. 1 were the most important species in the urban and peri-urban areas respectively. Functional diversity increased with urbanization and decreased with pesticide toxicity. Functional redundancy decreased with urbanization. Individual stressor impacted the bee assemblage differentially along the urbanization gradient. SO2and pesticide toxicity negatively influenced bee abundance and diversity. Urban sites sustained more specialized species and therefore are more vulnerable to shocks while peri-urban sites had a more functionally redundant community making it comparatively more resilient.
“Being a round square in an extremely challenging situation”—Healthcare professionals’ experiences of palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic – A deductive and inductive qualitative study
Authors: Melin-Johansson Christina , Olsson Cecilia , Larsson Maria , Tillfors Maria , Granrud Marie Dahlen , Grøndahl Vigdis Abrahamsen , Helgesen Ann Karin , Sandsdalen Tuva , Bååth Carina , Osterlind Jane 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of healthcare systems that can deliver high-quality palliative care during extreme challenges. During the pandemic, professionals across all healthcare contexts confronted enormous pressure due to a lack of pandemic readiness, practical and emotional challenges, and an increased number of dying patients. To support equitable high-quality palliative care for all people in future pandemics, it is crucial to learn from the nurses on the front lines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Aim
To explore nurses’ experiences of providing end-of-life care in general and specialized palliative care settings to patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
This qualitative study is part of a larger Swedish–Norwegian multi-center project called Palliative Quality Care COVID-19 (PaQC-C19). Data were collected in autumn 2021 and spring 2022 using qualitative individual interviews with 20 registered nurses and assistant nurses in general and specialized palliative care. A stepwise deductive and inductive qualitative content analysis was utilized in the search for domains and subthemes following the method of Elo and Kyngäs (2008).
Results
Three domains, one overarching theme, and nine subthemes were developed. The domains described positive and negative aspects as well as strategies used when providing modified palliative care, the challenges concerning contamination, and how the nurses experienced guidance from managers during the pandemic. The overarching theme “being a round square in an extremely challenging situation” summarizes how the nurses safeguarded the patients’ dignity and provided support to the next of kin in extremely challenging situations during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that the prerequisites for nurses and the palliative care approach they use change during a pandemic; they felt inadequate and insecure and struggled very hard throughout the seemingly never-ending pandemic. These findings can be used as a basis for reflection in collaborative learning interventions within palliative care and as a guide for teachers in educational palliative care programs.