bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vildagliptin as add‐on therapy to insulin improves glycemic control without increasing risk of hypoglycemia in Asian, predominantly Chinese, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing , Li Ling , Ma Jianhua , Lv Xiaofeng , Yang Ming , Wang Wei , Woloschak Michael , Lukashevich Valentina , Kothny Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin added onto insulin with or without metformin in an Asian, predominantly Chinese, population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsIn this 24‐week, multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, patients with T2DM inadequately controlled (HbA1c 7.5%–11.0%) on stable therapy with long‐acting, intermediate‐acting, or premixed insulin, with or without concomitant metformin, were randomized to receive vildagliptin 50 mg b.i.d. or placebo.ResultsOf 293 patients randomized, 146 received vildagliptin and 147 received placebo treatment. At baseline, the overall mean age of patients was 58.1 years, mean T2DM duration was 11.3 years, and mean HbA1c was 8.7%. The adjusted mean (±SE) change in HbA1c at Week 24 in the vildagliptin and placebo groups was −1.08 ± 0.12% and −0.38 ± 0.12%, respectively (between‐treatment difference −0.70 ± 0.16%; P < 0.001). The between‐group difference in fasting plasma glucose was −0.43 ± 0.38 mmol/L (P = 0.259). Significantly, more patients achieved HbA1c <7.0% with vildagliptin than with placebo (23.6% vs 11.2%; P = 0.006). The incidence of adverse events in the vildagliptin and placebo groups was 43.8% and 46.3%, whereas that of serious adverse events was 3.4% and 6.8%, respectively. The frequency of hypoglycemia was lower in the vildagliptin than placebo group (2.7% vs 5.4%).ConclusionThe addition of vildagliptin 50 mg b.i.d. significantly improved glycemic control without an increased risk of hypoglycemia in Asian, predominantly Chinese, patients with T2DM inadequately controlled on insulin, with or without metformin.
Geochemistry, Geochronology, Sr‐Nd Isotopic Compositions of Jiang Tso Ophiolite in the Middle Segment of the Bangong‐ Nujiang Suture Zone and Their Geological Significance
Authors: Qiangtai HUANG , Jianfeng LI , Zhourong CAI , Lianze XIA , Yajuan YUAN , Huichuan LIU , Bin XIA 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Jiang Tso ophiolite, situated in the middle segment of the Bangong‐ Nujiang Suture Zone, is a part of the easternmost Qieli Lake ophiolite subzone and is close to the south of Pung Lake ophiolite. The rock association of Jiang Tso ophiolite is relatively complete and is mainly composed of metamorphic peridotite, gabbro and diabase. Comparing with N‐MORB, the ophiolite is high in Mg and low in Ti, K, Na, P, and is depleted in Nb, Ta, Hf, Th and enriched in Rb, Sr and Ba. Geochemical characteristics of the Jiang Tso ophiolite indicate it is of a supra‐subduction zone type formed in the spreading ridge of back arc basin. The SHRIMP U‐Pb dating of zircons from the gabbro yielded a weighted average age of 188.1±4.1 Ma (MSWD=1.4), indicating the Jiang Tso ophiolite was formed in the late stage of early Jurassic. The Sr, Nd isotopic compositions show that the Tethyan mantle domain is the depleted mantle (DM), with enriched mantle domain II (EM II). They have the same Sr, Nd isotopic composition with the India Ocean MORB type.
Formation of the Yalong Downstream Terraces in the SE Tibetan Plateau and Its Implication for the Uplift of the Plateau
Authors: Zexin HE , Xujiao ZHANG , Yansong QIAO , Shuyan BAO , Chunyu LU , Xiangli HE 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Yalong River is an important river that runs across the abruptly changing terrain of the SE Tibetan Plateau. The terraces and Quaternary sediments in its valleys preserve the information of tectonic uplift, climate changes, and landform evolution since the Middle Pleistocene. Based on geomorphological, sedimentological, and chronological investigations, 6–8 terraces are identified in the lower reaches of Yalong catchment and its tributary—the Anning River. The electron spin resonance (ESR) or optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) data on the alluvial sediments in the upper portion of terraces indicate that they formed in 1.10, 0.90, 0.72, 0.06–0.04, 0.03–0.02, and 0.01 Ma. Tectonic uplift and the climatic cycle controlled the formation of the Yalong River terraces. The former dominated the dissection depths and incision rates, whereas the latter controlled the transformation between accumulation, which developed during the glacial period, and incision, which developed during the glacial‐interglacial transition. The Yalong downstream incised rapidly from 1.10 to 0.72 Ma and rapidly from 0.06 Ma until the present; the terraces developed during these two periods. The incision rates in space during the two periods indicate the uplifting extent of the Jinpingshan area, which decreases toward the east and the south. The results reveal two rapidly uplifting stages in the SE Tibetan Plateau, including an accelerated uplifting since 0.06 Ma. Since the Middle Pleistocene, the tectonic uplift of the SE and NE parts of the Tibetan Plateau is synchronous, according to the same development stages of the river terraces of the Yalong downstream and the Yellow River in the Lanzhou area of the NE Tibetan Plateau. The difference in the horizontal displacement between the Xianshuihe Fault and the Anninghe Fault bend resulted in the rapid uplift of the Jinpingshan area. The incision rate for the spatial distribution of the Yalong downstream is the geomorphological response of crustal shortening and uplift differences in the SE margin block of the Tibetan Plateau. The southeastward diffusion process of the Tibetan Plateau was recorded.
Application of the Material Balance Method in Paleoelevation Recovery: A Case Study of the Longmen Mountains Foreland Basin on the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhaokun YAN , Yong LI , Haibing LI , Shunli DONG , Guohua ZHAO , Jingbo LI , Fensheng LI , Liang YAN , Lilong ZHENG 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe applied the material balance principle of the denudation volume and sedimentary flux to study the denudation‐accumulation system between the Longmen Mountains (Mts.) and the foreland basin. The amount of sediment in each sedimentation stage of the basin was estimated to obtain the denudation volume, erosion thickness and deposit thickness since the Late Triassic Epoch, to enable us to recover the paleoelevation of the provenance and the sedimentary area. The results show the following: (1) Since the Late Triassic Epoch, the elevation of the surface of the Longmen Mts. has uplifted from 0 m to 2751 m, and the crust of the Longmen Mts. has uplifted by 9.8 km. Approximately 72% of the materials introduced have been denuded from the mountains. (2) It is difficult to recover the paleoelevation of each stage of the Longmen Mts. foreland basin quantitatively by the present‐day techniques and data. (3) The formation of the Longmen Mts. foreland basin consisted of three stages of thrust belt tectonic load and three stages of thrust belt erosional unload. During tectonic loading stages (Late Triassic Epoch, Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous–Miocene), the average elevation of Longmen Mts. was lower (approximately 700–1700 m). During erosional unloading stages (Early and Middle Jurassic, Middle Cretaceous and Jiaguan, Late Cenozoic), the average elevation of Longmen Mts. was high at approximately 2000–2800m.
Status and Trends in Research on Deep‐Water Gravity Flow Deposits
Authors: Tian YANG , Yingchang CAO , Yanzhong WANG , Ya LI , ShaoMin ZHANG 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDeep‐water gravity flows are one of the most important sediment transport mechanisms on Earth. After 60 years of study, significant achievements have been made in terms of classification schemes, genetic mechanisms, and depositional models of deep‐water gravity flows. The research history of deep‐water gravity flows can be divided into five stages: incipience of turbidity current theory; formation of turbidity current theory; development of deep‐water gravity flow theory; improvement and perfection of deep‐water gravity flow theory; and comprehensive development of deep‐water gravity flow theory. Currently, three primary classification schemes based on the sediment support mechanism, the rheology and transportation process, and the integration of sediment support mechanisms, rheology, sedimentary characteristics, and flow state are commonly used. Different types of deep‐water gravity flow events form different types of gravity flow deposits. Sediment slump retransportation mainly forms muddy debris flows, sandy debris flows, and surge‐like turbidity currents. Resuspension of deposits by storms leads to quasi‐steady hyperpycnal turbidity currents (hyperpycnal flows). Sustainable sediment supplies mainly generate muddy debris flows, sandy debris flows, and hyperpycnal flows. Deep‐water fans, which are commonly controlled by debris flows and hyperpycnal flows, are triggered by sustainable sediment supply; in contrast, deep‐water slope sedimentary deposits consist mainly of debris flows that are triggered by the retransportation of sediment slumps and deep‐water fine‐grained sedimentary deposits are derived primarily from fine‐grained hyperpycnal flows that are triggered by the resuspension of storm deposits. Harmonization of classification schemes, transformation between different types of gravity flow deposit, and monitoring and reproduction of the sedimentary processes of deep‐water gravity flows as well as a source‐to‐sink approach to document the evolution and deposition of deep‐water gravity flows are the most important research aspects for future studies of deep‐water gravity flows study in the future.
Establishing and maintaining social connectivity: An understanding of the lived experiences of older adults residing in regional and rural communities
Authors: Buys Laurie , Burton Lorelle , Cuthill Michael , Hogan Anthony , Wilson Bruce , Baker Douglas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo better understand how to plan for an ageing demographic that resides in ever‐changing community typologies.DesignSemi‐structured in‐depth interviews.SettingCommunity settings in rural and regional towns in Queensland.ParticipantsTwenty‐two people aged over 65 years living in regional and rural Australia.InterventionsQualitative study of social connectedness.Main outcome measure(s)Thematic qualitative analysis.ResultsFormal and informal social contact, through family, friends and social groups, was found to be important to the everyday lives of the participants.ConclusionsSocial connections for older adults are important in maintaining independence and community engagement.
Phenotyping asthma, rhinitis and eczema in MeDALL population‐based birth cohorts: an allergic comorbidity cluster
Authors: Garcia‐Aymerich J. , Benet M. , Saeys Y. , Pinart M. , Basagaña X. , Smit H. A. , Siroux V. , Just J. , Momas I. , Rancière F. , Keil T. , Hohmann C. , Lau S. , Wahn U. , Heinrich J. , Tischer C. G. , Fantini M. P. , Lenzi J. , Porta D. , Koppelman G. H. , Postma D. S. , Berdel D. , Koletzko S. , Kerkhof M. , Gehring U. , Wickman M. , Melén E. , Hallberg J. , Bindslev‐Jensen C. , Eller E. , Kull I. , Lødrup Carlsen K. C. , Carlsen K.‐H. , Lambrecht B. N. , Kogevinas M. , Sunyer J. , Kauffmann F. , Bousquet J. , Antó J. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundAsthma, rhinitis and eczema often co‐occur in children, but their interrelationships at the population level have been poorly addressed. We assessed co‐occurrence of childhood asthma, rhinitis and eczema using unsupervised statistical techniques.MethodsWe included 17 209 children at 4 years and 14 585 at 8 years from seven European population‐based birth cohorts (MeDALL project). At each age period, children were grouped, using partitioning cluster analysis, according to the distribution of 23 variables covering symptoms ‘ever’ and ‘in the last 12 months’, doctor diagnosis, age of onset and treatments of asthma, rhinitis and eczema; immunoglobulin E sensitization; weight; and height. We tested the sensitivity of our estimates to subject and variable selections, and to different statistical approaches, including latent class analysis and self‐organizing maps.ResultsTwo groups were identified as the optimal way to cluster the data at both age periods and in all sensitivity analyses. The first (reference) group at 4 and 8 years (including 70% and 79% of children, respectively) was characterized by a low prevalence of symptoms and sensitization, whereas the second (symptomatic) group exhibited more frequent symptoms and sensitization. Ninety‐nine percentage of children with comorbidities (co‐occurrence of asthma, rhinitis and/or eczema) were included in the symptomatic group at both ages. The children's characteristics in both groups were consistent in all sensitivity analyses.ConclusionAt 4 and 8 years, at the population level, asthma, rhinitis and eczema can be classified together as an allergic comorbidity cluster. Future research including time‐repeated assessments and biological data will help understanding the interrelationships between these diseases.
Chimeric globalism: Global health in the shadow of the dengue vaccine
Authors: NADING ALEX M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA laboratory‐engineered, “chimeric” dengue fever vaccine entered late‐stage clinical trials in the late 2000s. One possible way of interpreting the arrival of a technology like this is to see it as the end point of a unified global project. Alternatively, it can be understood as a “cosmopolitical event.” Instead of reflecting unity, cosmopolitical events magnify social and technical differences, and they afford space to contemplate alternative forms of life. Drawing on fieldwork with dengue researchers in Puerto Rico, Nicaragua, and Cuba, I argue that the chimera appeared at a liminal moment in dengue science. It prompted researchers to contemplate how the divergent logics of pharmaceutical capital, humanitarianism, and biosecurity shaped their work as well as to imagine how that work might otherwise proceed. I conclude by suggesting that attention to cosmopolitical events puts the anthropology of global health into closer conversation with analyses of other global phenomena. [global health, biosecurity, science and technology, cosmopolitics, genetic engineering, dengue, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]
Clinical manifestations and risk factors of anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Yun Jung‐A , Cho Yong Beom , Park Yoon Ah , Huh Jung Wook , Yun Seong Hyeon , Kim Hee Cheol , Lee Woo Yong , Chun Ho‐Kyung 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic leakage is a common complication that can be associated with catastrophic consequences. However, the risk factors and incidence of anastomotic leakage vary considerably among clinical studies because of the lack of a standardized definition, clinical course and appropriate treatment options. The aim of this study was to identify and classify the clinical manifestations and treatment of anastomotic leakage and analyse the possible risk factors after low anterior resection.MethodsFrom January 2009 to June 2010, 632 patients underwent low anterior resection for primary colorectal cancer at Samsung Medical Center. Patients with only one colorectal anastomosis were included from this prospectively collected medical database.ResultsThe overall leakage rate was 6.0% (n = 38). In cases of generalized leakage, the patients that selected surgical management, regardless of having protective enterostomy and time of occurrence, had better outcomes. Protective enterostomy did not have a preventive effect and was not associated with a lower rate of anastomotic leakage. However, protective enterostomy confined the inflammation to only the pelvic cavity (P = 0.045) and no surgical intervention was initially needed. Male gender (P = 0.021, relative risk (RR) = 2.680, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.164–6.171) and side‐to‐end/J pouch‐to‐end anastomosis (P = 0.012, RR = 2.696, 95% CI = 1.249–5.818) were significant risk factors that affected anastomotic leakage.ConclusionSurgical management is the best choice for generalized leakage. A protective enterostomy diminished the occurrence of generalized leakage and consequent surgical management; therefore, fragile patients at high risk for anastomotic leakage are recommended to undergo protective enterostomy.
Antecedents of Innovativeness in Technology‐Based Services (TBS): Peering into the Black Box of Entrepreneurial Orientation
Authors: Joshi Maheshkumar P. , Das Sidhartha R. , Mouri Nacef 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTInnovativeness is the organization's capability for developing and introducing innovations. We argue that new combinations and recombinations of prior and new knowledge (by way of creating, assembling, and transforming knowledge) result in innovativeness in an organization. We further assert that a knowledge‐based focus on innovativeness is particularly important for firms that are technology‐based. The majority of studies focusing on innovativeness are in the entrepreneurship arena, and a large number of studies consider innovativeness as one of three dimensions of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) construct, the other two dimensions being proactiveness and risk‐taking. However, recent research has suggested peering into the black box of EO by disaggregating the EO construct and examining the interrelationships among its three components. Hence, using the knowledge‐based view and drawing from multiple disciplines, our study conceptualizes innovativeness as a criterion variable and investigates the antecedent role of proactiveness and risk‐taking propensity on innovativeness in the context of technology‐based services (TBS). We hypothesize that both proactiveness and risk‐taking propensity exhibit a curvilinear relationship with innovativeness and introduce organizational structure formality as a moderator to further explicate these relationships. Our results show that proactiveness has a curvilinear (inverted U relationship) with innovativeness, and that this relationship is attenuated by organizational structure formality. Additional analysis indicates that in TBS firms, risk‐taking propensity has a positive linear relationship with innovativeness, and this relationship is accentuated by organizational structure formality. Finally, we discuss important conceptual and practical implications of our study and provide suggestions for future research.
Pharmacological characterization and antidiabetic activity of a long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogue conjugated to an antithrombin III‐binding pentasaccharide
Authors: Patterson S. , de Kort M. , Irwin N. , Moffett R. C. , Dokter W. H. A. , Bos E. S. , Miltenburg A. M. M. , Flatt P. R. 
Published: April 2015

AimsTo examine the biological characteristics of a novel glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) conjugate, in which an antithrombin III (ATIII)‐binding pentasaccharide is conjugated to d‐Ala8GLP‐1 using a tetraethylene glycol linker.MethodsWe assessed GLP‐1 receptor binding, cAMP generation and insulin secretory activity of the GLP‐1 conjugate in vitro. Circulating half‐life, glucose homeostatic and subchronic therapeutic effectiveness were then examined in vivo.ResultsThe half‐life of the GLP‐1 conjugate in mice was ∼11 h. In vitro insulin secretion from clonal β cells and islets was increased (p < 0.001) by the conjugate. The conjugate had half maximum effective concentration values of 1.3 × 10−7 and 9.9 × 10−8 M for displacement of 125I‐GLP‐1 in competitive GLP‐1 receptor binding and cAMP generation, respectively. Glucose tolerance in normal mice, immediately and 4 h after conjugate injection, resulted in significant (p < 0.001) improvements in blood glucose. These effects persisted for >48 h after administration. Daily treatment (21 days) of high‐fat‐fed and ob/ob mice with 25 nmol/kg conjugate resulted in significant improvement in glucose tolerance (p < 0.001) and reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; p < 0.01) equivalent to or better than with exenatide or liraglutide. Treatment of C57BL/KsJ db/db mice for 15 days with 100 nmol/kg conjugate significantly (p < 0.001) reduced glucose and raised plasma insulin. Oral glucose tolerance was significantly (p < 0.001) improved and both 24‐h glucose profile (p < 0.001) and HbA1c levels (p < 0.001) were reduced. Islet size (p < 0.001) and pancreatic insulin content were increased without change of islet cell proliferation or apoptosis.ConclusionThese data show that d‐Ala8GLP‐1(Lys37) pentasaccharide exerts significant antidiabetic actions and has a projected pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile that merits further evaluation in humans for a possible once‐weekly dosing regimen.
Climate change overruns resilience conferred by temperature‐dependent sex determination in sea turtles and threatens their survival
Authors: Santidrián Tomillo Pilar , Genovart Meritxell , Paladino Frank V. , Spotila James R. , Oro Daniel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTemperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) is the predominant form of environmental sex determination (ESD) in reptiles, but the adaptive significance of TSD in this group remains unclear. Additionally, the viability of species with TSD may be compromised as climate gets warmer. We simulated population responses in a turtle with TSD to increasing nest temperatures and compared the results to those of a virtual population with genotypic sex determination (GSD) and fixed sex ratios. Then, we assessed the effectiveness of TSD as a mechanism to maintain populations under climate change scenarios. TSD populations were more resilient to increased nest temperatures and mitigated the negative effects of high temperatures by increasing production of female offspring and therefore, future fecundity. That buffered the negative effect of temperature on the population growth. TSD provides an evolutionary advantage to sea turtles. However, this mechanism was only effective over a range of temperatures and will become inefficient as temperatures rise to levels projected by current climate change models. Projected global warming threatens survival of sea turtles, and the IPCC high gas concentration scenario may result in extirpation of the studied population in 50 years.