bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting Geoffective Events from Solar Wind Data and Evaluating the Most Predictive Features through Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Guastavino Sabrina , Bahamazava Katsiaryna , Perracchione Emma , Camattari Fabiana , Audone Gianluca , Telloni Daniele , Susino Roberto , Nicolini Gianalfredo , Fineschi Silvano , Piana Michele , Massone Anna Maria 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study addresses the prediction of geomagnetic disturbances by exploiting machine learning techniques. Specifically, the Long Short-term Memory recurrent neural network, which is particularly suited for application over long time series, is employed in the analysis of in situ measurements of solar wind plasma and magnetic field acquired over more than one solar cycle, from 2005 to 2019, at the Lagrangian point L1. The problem is approached as a binary classification aiming to predict 1 hr in advance a decrease in the SYM-H geomagnetic activity index below the threshold of −50 nT, which is generally regarded as indicative of magnetospheric perturbations. The strong class imbalance issue is tackled by using an appropriate loss function tailored to optimize appropriate skill scores in the training phase of the neural network. Beside classical skill scores, value-weighted skill scores are then employed to evaluate predictions, suitable in the study of problems, such as the one faced here, characterized by strong temporal variability. For the first time, the content of magnetic helicity and energy carried by solar transients, associated with their detection and likelihood of geoeffectiveness, were considered as input features of the network architecture. Their predictive capabilities are demonstrated through a correlation-driven feature selection method to rank the most relevant characteristics involved in the neural network prediction model. The optimal performance of the adopted neural network in properly forecasting the onset of geomagnetic storms, which is a crucial point for giving real warnings in an operational setting, is finally showed.
p
adé: A Code for Protoplanetary Disk Turbulence Based on Padé Differencing
Authors: Shariff Karim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Padé code has been developed to treat hydrodynamic turbulence in protoplanetary disks. It solves the compressible equations of motion in cylindrical coordinates. Derivatives are computed using nondiffusive and conservative fourth-order Padé differencing, which has higher resolving power compared to both dissipative shock-capturing schemes used in most astrophysics codes, as well as nondiffusive central finite-difference schemes of the same order. The fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is used for time stepping. A previously reported error-corrected Fargo approach is used to reduce the time step constraint imposed by rapid Keplerian advection. Artificial bulk viscosity is used when shock capturing is required. Tests for correctness and scaling with respect to the number of processors are presented. Finally, efforts to improve efficiency and accuracy are suggested.
Polarization Substructure in the Spiral-dominated HH 111 Disk: Evidence for Grain Growth
Authors: Lee Chin-Fei , Li Zhi-Yun , Ching Tao-Chung , Yang Haifeng , Lai Shih-Ping , Lin Zhe-Yu Daniel , Hu Ying-Chi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The HH 111 protostellar disk has recently been found to host a pair of spiral arms. Here we report the dust polarization results in the disk as well as the inner envelope around it, obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in continuum at λ ∼ 870 μm and ∼0.″05 resolution. In the inner envelope, polarization is detected with a polarization degree of ∼6% and an orientation almost everywhere parallel to the minor axis of the disk and thus likely to be due to the dust grains magnetically aligned mainly by toroidal fields. In the disk, the polarization orientation is roughly azimuthal on the far side and becomes parallel to the minor axis on the near side, with a polarization gap in between on the far side near the central protostar. The disk polarization degree is ∼2%. The polarized intensity is higher on the near side than the far side, showing a near–far side asymmetry. More importantly, the polarized intensity and thus polarization degree are lower in the spiral arms but higher in between the arms, showing an anticorrelation of the polarized intensity with the spiral arms. Our modeling results indicate that this anticorrelation is useful for constraining the polarization mechanism and is consistent with the dust self-scattering by the grains that have grown to a size of ∼150 μm. The interarms are sandwiched and illuminated by two brighter spiral arms and thus have higher polarized intensity. Our dust self-scattering model can also reproduce the observed polarization orientation parallel to the minor axis on the near side and the observed azimuthal polarization orientation at the two disk edges in the major axis. Further modeling work is needed to study how to reproduce the observed near–far side asymmetry in the polarized intensity and the observed azimuthal polarization orientation on the far side.
Pratiques institutionnelles pour l’innovation publique collaborative dans les territoires en situation d’enjeux sociaux complexes
Authors: Michelin Émilie , Berthinier-Poncet Anne , Rival Madina 
Published: August 2024

Face à la complexité des enjeux sociétaux, les politiques publiques innovantes peinent à se déployer localement. Pour répondre à ce paradoxe, notre travail met en évidence les dynamiques d’une collaboration multi-acteurs multiniveaux permettant d’introduire une innovation publique dans le domaine social. Cet article s’inspire des recherches sur l’innovation et les collaborations écosystémiques dans le secteur public que nous complétons par le cadre théorique du travail institutionnel. Pour appréhender les dynamiques mises à l’œuvre, nous avons mené sur 2,5 ans une étude de cas longitudinale d’un projet multi-acteurs qui déploie dans un territoire rural la politique nationale de lutte contre les violences intrafamiliales (VIF). Notre recherche met en évidence une mobilisation différenciée des pratiques institutionnelles en fonction du type d’acteurs et de leur position dans l’échelle territoriale. Elle souligne aussi l’importance de certains acteurs qui transcendent les frontières pour le déploiement de l’innovation publique. Codes JEL : O35, O36, O38
Retombées économiques des jeux olympiques
Authors: Gayant Jean-Pascal 
Published: August 2024

Depuis une quarantaine d’années, les études d’impact fleurissent à l’approche des grandes manifestations sportives. Elles sont supposées mesurer le supplément d’activité économique engendré par la tenue de la manifestation dans le bassin économique considéré. Riches d’une méthodologie qui s’est progressivement affinée, elles constituent désormais un outil de nature à éclairer les décideurs publics et les citoyens. Elles doivent cependant respecter certaines règles de l’art pour demeurer crédibles : porter sur un périmètre géographique bien défini, s’inscrire dans un cadre temporel court (ne pas dépasser les 12 mois au cœur desquels se déroule la manifestation), choisir un multiplicateur raisonnable cohérent avec le périmètre et les dépenses occasionnées par l’événement, ne pas se hasarder en conjectures déraisonnables en matière de tourisme induit ou d’investissements directs étrangers futurs. Contrairement aux études de court terme, les études de long terme sont peu convaincantes tout comme les évaluations de l’impact en termes d’emplois. En prenant de bonnes précautions méthodologiques, l’article évalue l’impact économique des Jeux olympiques de Paris 2024 à un peu plus de 4 milliards d’euros, impact à mettre en perspective avec un coût pour le contribuable estimé, à l’aube de l’ouverture des Jeux, à plus de 3,1 milliards d’euros.
Translation-like actions by $\mathbb{Z}$, the subgroup membership problem, and Medvedev degrees of effective subshifts
Authors: Carrasco-Vargas Nicanor 
Published: August 2024

We show that every infinite, locally finite, and connected graph admits a translation-like action by

\mathbb{Z}

, and that this action can be taken to be transitive exactly when the graph has either one or two ends. The actions constructed satisfy

d(v,v\ast1)\leq3

for every vertex

v

. This strengthens a theorem by Brandon Seward. We also study the effective computability of translation-like actions on groups and graphs. We prove that every finitely generated infinite group with decidable word problem admits a translation-like action by

\mathbb{Z}

which is computable and satisfies an extra condition which we call decidable orbit membership problem. As a nontrivial application of our results, we prove that for every finitely generated infinite group with decidable word problem, effective subshifts attain all

\Pi_{1}^{0}

Medvedev degrees. This extends a classification proved by Joseph Miller for

\mathbb{Z}^{d},\,d\geq1

.
Adaptation strategies to effects of climate change on vegetable production among women farmers in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Egwuonwu Helen Adeola 
Published: August 2024

This study examined the adaptation strategies the women vegetable producers in Imo State, Nigeria, used in reducing the effects of climate change on their production of vegetables. Using an interview schedule and multistage sampling, ninety (90) women vegetable producers were chosen selected for this study. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were employed for the analysis. Result revealed that vegetable women farmers were aware of change in climate (98.88%) and mainly obtained information from extension agents (94.4%). The major effects that were perceived of climate change by women producing vegetables were low quality of vegetables (x̄ =3.17), loss of revenue (x̄=3.09), delay in maturation of vegetables (x̄ =3.02), increased postharvest loss (x̄=3.00), flooding of farmland (x̄ = 2.92), loss of suitable land for agriculture (x̄ = 2.89) and famine (x̄ = 2.82). The major adaptation strategies used were elevation of the farm walls with sandbags or blocks to channel floodwater (x̄ = 3.30), changing the planting/stocking time (x̄ =3.13), using improved crop varieties (x̄ = 3.10), avoidance of scorching by planting vegetables deeper than the usual planting depth (x̄ = 2.98), practicing mix cropping (x̄ = 2.96), using nursery for transplantable crops (x̄ =2.77), use of mulching materials for crops (x̄ = 2.70), change of harvesting date (x̄ = 2.70), using early maturity plants (x̄ = 2.70). However, the farmers identified constraints in the usage of adaptation strategies in vegetable production as limited access to agricultural extension officers (x̄=3.65), inadequate access to timely information on weather (x̄ = 3.50), inadequate credit facilities (x̄=3.24), inadequate farm labour (x̄ = 3.21), limited farm sizes (x̄ = 2.92), unpredictable weather (x̄ = 2.91) and insufficient access to water resources (x̄ = 2.67). Therefore, the study concludes that climate change threatened vegetable production and the study recommends that women vegetable farmers should have more contact with extension agents to give them access to appropriate adaptation strategies that can minimize the effects of climate change on vegetable production. Also, vegetable producers should practice effectively adaptation strategies to prevent flooding that can cause a reduction in available land for vegetable production.
Comparative Antioxidant and Anti-cholinesterase Properties of Catechin, Caffeine and Theobromine
Authors: Ademola Iyanuoluwa O. , Oboh Ganiyu , Ademosun Ayokunle O. 
Published: August 2024

Catechin, caffeine and theobromine are three bioactive compounds that are present in plant foods and are major constituent of tea, coffee and cocoa drinks respectively. Although not structurally related, catechin, caffeine and theobromine have been reported to elicit psychostimulatory properties. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant properties of the compounds through their radicals [1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO), and hydroxyl (OH)] scavenging abilities, ferric reducing potentials and Fe2+ chelating abilities. The effect of the compounds on different prooxidants (FeSO4, cisplatin and sodium nitroprusside) induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates was assessed. Also, the effects of the compounds on some cholinergic [acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)] enzymes in rats brain homogenates were assessed in vitro. The stock concentration of catechin, caffeine and theobromine were prepared and their inhibition of these enzymes were assessed (in vitro) in brain homogenate. The results revealed that caffeine, catechin and theobromine had antioxidant properties and exhibited inhibitory effects on activities of AChE and BChE. Catechin had the best antioxidant property while theobromine produced the highest enzyme inhibition effect. These findings may provide new insight into the effects of these bioactive compounds as obtained in many foods especially with respect to their antioxidant and neuroprotective effects.
Predicting Complete versus Incomplete Long-Term Functional Independence after Acute AIS Grade D Spinal Cord Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dionne Antoine , Richard-Denis Andréane , Mac-Thiong Jean-Marc 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The proportion of patients with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade D traumatic spinal cord injuries (tSCI) is increasing. Although initial motor deficits can be relatively mild, some individuals fail to recover functional independence.

Objectives:
This study aims to identify factors associated with failure to reach complete functional independence after AIS grade D tSCI.

Methods:
An observational prospective cohort study was conducted at a level 1 trauma center specialized in SCI care. A prospective cohort of 121 individuals with an AIS-D tSCI was considered. The baseline characteristics, length of acute stay, need for inpatient rehabilitation, and 12-month functional status were assessed. Univariate and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses were performed to identify factors associated with reaching complete versus incomplete functional independence (defined as perfect total SCIM III score at 12-month follow-up).

Results:
There were 69.3%, 83.3%, and 61.4% individuals reaching complete independence in self-care, respiration/sphincter management, and mobility, respectively. A total of 64 individuals (52%) reached complete functional independence in all three domains. In the CART analysis, we found that patients are more likely to achieve complete functional independence when they have a baseline motor score ≥83 (65% individuals) and if they present fewer medical comorbidities (70% individuals if Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI] ≤4).

Conclusion:
About half of individuals with AIS grade D tSCI can expect complete long-term functional independence. It is important to recognize early during acute care individuals with baseline motor score &lt;83 or a high burden of comorbidities (CCI ≥5) to optimize their rehabilitation plan.
Pemberdayaan PLKB dan PPKBD melalui Pelatihan KIE/Konseling dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Keikutsertaan KB di Kabupaten Mamuju
Authors: Amin Erna , Tiyas Ajeng Hayuning , Anwar Yulianti 
Published: August 2024

Tingginya jumlah penduduk di Indonesia salah satu sebabnya adalah tingginya Total Fertility Rate (TFR). Sedangkan penyebab tingginya TFR adalah Contraceptive Prevalence Rate yang rendah salah satunya di Kabupaten Mamuju dengan presentase CPR sebesar 49,15% pada tahun 2021. Perlu adanya penguatan pemberdayaan kader khususnya PLKB (Petugas Lapangan KB) sebagai garda terdepan yang mempunyai peran penting dalam memberikan pemahaman, pengetahuan melalui KIE kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya mengikuti program KB. Tujuan kegiatan PkM ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan PLKB dan PPKBD dalam melakukan KIE/konseling KB sehingga dapat meningkatkan cakupan keikutsertaan KB pada PUS di Kabupaten Mamuju. Mitra dan sasaran kegiatan ini yaitu Kepala Dinas PPKB, PLKB, PPKBD, dan pasangan usia subur (PUS) di Kabupaten Mamuju. Kegiatan PkM dilakukan dengan memberikan pelatihan KIE/konseling KB untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan PLKB dalam melakukan KIE, serta pendampingan PLKB melalui pemberian ABPK berupa RODA KLOP, dan pemantauan penjaringan calon akseptor KB sampai mendapatkan pelayanan sesuai dengan target. Hasil yang dicapai yaitu peningkatan pemahaman PLKB dalam melakukan KIE/Konseling dengan rata-rata nilai posttest sebesar 75.
Production of Amylase Enzyme by Aspergillus and Fusarium Species using Sugar Cane Bagasse
Authors: Abubakar Ahmad , Bilkisu, A.  , Shamsuddeen, U.  
Published: August 2024

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt

This study presents insights into the cost-effective production of amylase enzymes using sugar cane bagasse as a substrate, showcasing a significant advancement over traditional synthetic starch substrates.
By optimizing production parameters such as incubation time, substrate and inoculum concentrations, pH, and temperature, the research demonstrates the superior amylase yield of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium spp. under specific conditions.
This work not only highlights the potential of using waste materials for industrial enzyme production but also emphasizes the need for further exploration of the isolates' identities and the industrial applications of the extracted enzymes.

Full Abstract
Amylases are hydrolytic enzymes produced by some microorganisms and utilized in the hydrolysis of starch. This study aimed to determine the ability of certain fungal isolates isolated from wastes to synthesize the amylase enzyme utilizing synthetic soluble starch and sugar cane bagasse as substrates. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium spp., previously identified to have amylolytic activity, were used for the research. The submerged fermentation process was used to produce amylase, with basal medium and sugar cane bagasse as substrates. The incubation time, substrate and inoculum concentrations, pH, and temperature were all optimized. The dinitrosalicylic acid reagent (DNS) technique was used to determine the activity of the amylase generated. Initial production of amylase using soluble starch (20 g (w/v)) as substrate at room temperature and pH 7.0 shows that all the isolates produce amylase better when their concentration (3%) is high but have different incubation periods of 96 hr for Aspergillus niger (8.65±0.21 U/mL/minutes) and Fusarium spp (7.15±0.07 U/mL/minutes), while Aspergillus flavus (7.30±0.14 U/mL/minutes) requires an extended incubation period of 144 hr to produce the product. Further production using sugar cane bagasse and optimization of production parameters of the isolates reveals that Aspergillus niger (4.35±0.07 U/mL/minutes) has an optimum incubation period of 120 hours, an inoculum concentration and substrate concentration of 2% each, and a pH of 6, Aspergillus flavus (6.40±0.28 U/mL/minutes) has an optimum incubation period of 144 hours, with inoculum and substrate concentration of 3% each at neutral pH, Fusarium spp (6.80±0.28 U/mL/minutes) has an optimum incubation period of 168hr., inoculum concentration of 3%, substrate concentration of 2% and a neutral pH-7 and all the isolates have their best yield at temperature of 30oC. In conclusion, using cheap and readily available sugar cane bagasse can be a more cost-effective option for expensive synthetic starch substrates used in amylase synthesis. The study suggests further investigation into the isolates' identities and the extracted enzyme's industrial application.
SARS-CoV-2 Induced Interleukin -18 Response among Presumptive Covid-19 Patients in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Sanusi, U. I.  , Suraka, B.  , Aliyu, M.  , Muhammad, H.  , Kabuga, A. I.  , Usman, U.  , Imam, M. U.  , Al-Mukhtar, Y. A.  , Abbas, M. A.  , Auwal, Z.  , Tijjani, A.  , Sharif A. A.  
Published: August 2024

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt

This study evaluates Interleukin-18 (IL-18) as a potential biomarker for COVID-19 by comparing its serum levels in COVID-19-positive patients and healthy controls.
The research uniquely identifies significantly elevated IL-18 levels in COVID-19 patients, demonstrating a strong statistical association with the infection (t value 6.16, p <0.00010).
These findings underscore the potential of IL-18 in the prognosis and clinical management of COVID-19, offering new insights into its role in the disease's pathophysiology and its utility as a biomarker.

Full Abstract
Coronaviruses have a history of causing severe outbreaks with life-threatening consequences, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 first broke out in Wuhan (China) in December 2019). The disease was later declared a pandemic, and so far, more than 222 countries have been affected, with over 771 million confirmed cases and total deaths of over 7.05 million. Some immunological markers were reported elsewhere as directly related to COVID-19 pathophysiology and stand a chance to be considered biomarkers. Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine and a member of the interleukin-1 family, produced by macrophages at the early stage of viral infections. However, aberrant IL-18 production can lead to severe pathological injury. Hence, there is a need to assess the feasibility of interleukin -18 as a biomarker for COVID-19. Forty-five individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 and 45 healthy controls screened using a COVID-19 antigen rapid test kit and confirmed by one-step real-time PCR were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected from the patients and controls, and the samples were analyzed for IL-18 using the ELISA technique. This study revealed a higher level of IL-18 in COVID-19-positive patients (206.42 ± 13.2 pg/mL) compared to the control group (97.96 ± 14.4 pg/mL). Serum level IL-18 was statistically associated with COVID-19 infection (t value 6.16, p <0.00010). The study demonstrates the importance of IL-18 in the COVID-19 cohort, inferentially implying its potential in the prognosis and clinical management of COVID-19.