bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Spirooxindole‐Fused Phosphorous Heterocycle Derivatives by a Three‐Component Domino Reaction
Authors: Liu Rendie , Wu Mingshu , Li Guozhu 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA highly efficient, catalyst‐free, and regioselective synthesis of structurally diverse spirooxindole‐fused phosphorous heterocycle derivatives was constructed in good yields by means of a three‐component domino reaction of isatins, dichlorophenylphosphine or phenyl phosphorodichloridite, and o‐aminophenol in tetrahydrofuran reflux. The advantages of this method include high efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and environmentally benign reagents. These spirooxindole‐fused phosphorous heterocycles are promising candidates for drug discovery.
Development of monetite–nanosilica bone cement: A preliminary study
Authors: Zhou Huan , Luchini Timothy J. F. , Agarwal Anand K. , Goel Vijay K. , Bhaduri Sarit B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we reported the results of our efforts in developing DCPA/nanosilica composite orthopedic cement. It is motivated by the significances of DCPA and silicon in bone physiological activities. More specifically, this paper examined the effects of various experimental parameters on the properties of such composite cements. In this work, DCPA cement powders were synthesized using a microwave synthesis technique. Mixing colloidal nanosilica directly with synthesized DCPA cement powders can significantly reduce the washout resistance of DCPA cement. In contrast, a DCPA–nanosilica cement powder prepared by reacting Ca(OH)2, H3PO4 and nanosilica together showed good washout resistance. The incorporation of nanosilica in DCPA can improve compressive strength, accelerate cement solidification, and intensify surface bioactivity. In addition, it was observed that by controlling the content of NaHCO3 during cement preparation, the resulting composite cement properties could be modified. Allowing for the development of different setting times, mechanical performance and crystal features. It is suggested that DCPA–nanosilica composite cement can be a potential candidate for bone healing applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B, 102B: 1620–1626, 2014.
Chemically crosslinked alginate porous microcarriers modified with bioactive molecule for expansion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Li Chunge , Zhao Shuang , Zhao Yanyan , Qian Yufeng , Li Junjie , Yin Yuji 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMicrocarrier is an essential matrix for the large‐scale culture of anchorage‐dependent cells. In this study, chemical cross‐linked alginate porous microcarriers (AMC) were prepared using microemulsion and freeze‐drying technology. Moreover, chitosan was coated on the surface of microcarriers (AMC‐CS) via electrostatic interactions to improve the mechanical strength. The size of AMC can be modulated through adjusting the concentration of alginate, amount of dispersant and stirring rate. The surface chemical characteristics and morphology of AMC‐CS were evaluated by Fourier transformed infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. Fibronectin (Fn) or heparin/basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was then immobilized on the surface of microcarriers via layer‐by‐layer technology to improve the cytocompatibility. Our data suggested that the size of AMC can be accurately modulated from 90 μm to 900 μm with a narrow size distribution. Micropore structures of AMC‐CS were relatively disordered and the pore size ranged between 20 μm and 100 μm. Using AMC after modified with Fn or bFGF as the cell expansion microcarriers, we showed that the proliferation rates of HepG2 cells increased significantly, reaching to more than 30‐fold of cell expansion after 10 days of culture, with minor cellular damage caused by the microcarriers. Moreover, the AMC microcarriers modified with Fn or bFGF can increase albumin secretion of HepG2. We suggest that our new modified AMC‐based microcarriers will be an attractive candidate for the large‐scale cell culture of therapeutic cells. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B, 102B: 1648–1658, 2014.
Evolution of vertebrate viviparity and specializations for fetal nutrition: A quantitative and qualitative analysis
Authors: Blackburn Daniel G. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTPhylogenetic analyses indicate that viviparity (live‐bearing reproduction) has originated independently in more than 150 vertebrate lineages, including a minimum of 115 clades of extant squamate reptiles. Other evolutionary origins of viviparity include 13 origins among bony fishes, nine among chondrichthyans, eight in amphibians, one in Paleozoic placoderms, six among extinct reptiles, and one in mammals. The origins of viviparity range geologically from the mid‐Paleozoic through the Mesozoic to the Pleistocene. Substantial matrotrophy (maternal provision of nutrients to embryos during pregnancy) has arisen at least 33 times in these viviparous clades, with most (26) of these origins having occurred among fishes and amphibians. Convergent evolution in patterns of matrotrophy is widespread, as reflected by multiple independent origins of placentotrophy, histotrophy, oophagy, and embryophagy. Specializations for nutrient transfer to embryos are discontinuously distributed, reflecting the roles of phylogenetic inertia, exaptation (preadaptation), and constraint. Ancestral features that function in gas exchange and nutrition repeatedly and convergently have been co‐opted for nutrient transfer, often through minor modification of their components and changes in the timing of their expression (heterochrony). Studies on functional and evolutionary morphology continue to play a central role in our attempts to understand viviparity and mechanisms of fetal nutrition. J. Morphol. 276:961–990, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applying parallel factor analysis and Tucker‐3 methods on sensory and instrumental data to establish preference maps: case study on sweet corn varieties
Authors: Gere Attila , Losó Viktor , Györey Annamária , Kovács Sándor , Huzsvai László , Nábrádi András , Kókai Zoltán , Sipos László 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDTraditional internal and external preference mapping methods are based on principal component analysis (PCA). However, parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and Tucker‐3 methods could be a better choice. To evaluate the methods, preference maps of sweet corn varieties will be introduced.RESULTSA preference map of eight sweet corn varieties was established using PARAFAC and Tucker‐3 methods. Instrumental data were also integrated into the maps. The triplot created by the PARAFAC model explains better how odour is separated from texture or appearance, and how some varieties are separated from others.CONCLUSIONInternal and external preference maps were created using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and Tucker‐3 models employing both sensory (trained panel and consumers) and instrumental parameters simultaneously. Triplots of the applied three‐way models have a competitive advantage compared to the traditional biplots of the PCA‐based external preference maps. The solution of PARAFAC and Tucker‐3 is very similar regarding the interpretation of the first and third factors. The main difference is due to the second factor as it differentiated the attributes better. Consumers who prefer ‘super sweet’ varieties (they place great emphasis especially on taste) are much younger and have significantly higher incomes, and buy sweet corn products rarely (once a month). Consumers who consume sweet corn products mainly because of their texture and appearance are significantly older and include a higher ratio of men. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of polythiophene/graphene oxide composites by interfacial polymerization and evaluation of their electrical and electrochemical properties
Authors: Bora Chandramika , Pegu Rupa , Saikia Bhaskar J , Dolui Swapan K 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe report a new method for the synthesis of polythiophene (PTh)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites by interfacial polymerization. Polymerization occurred at the interface of two immiscible solvents, i.e. n‐hexane containing thiophene and nitromethane containing GO and an initiator. Characterizations were done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and electrochemical and electrical conductivity measurements. Spectroscopic analyses showed successful incorporation of GO in the PTh matrix. Morphological analysis revealed good dispersion of GO sheets in the polymer matrix. The PTh/GO composites showed marked improvements in thermal stability and electrical conductivity (2.7 × 10−4 S cm−1) compared to pure PTh. The composites exhibited excellent electrochemical reversibility compared to pure PTh at a scan rate of 0.1 V s−1. The composites were stable even up to 100 electrochemical cycles, indicating good cycle performance. The specific capacitance of the composites was calculated using cyclic voltammetry and was found to be 99 F g−1. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Domino free radical photopolymerization based on phototriggered base proliferation reaction and redox initiation
Authors: He Minghui , Jiang Shun , Xu Ruixin , Yang Jianwen , Zeng Zhaohua , Chen Guangxue 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA detailed evaluation of the kinetics of domino free radical photopolymerization (DFRP) based on phototriggered base proliferation reaction and redox initiation was described in the condition of eliminating the heat of polymerization via reacting in the thin polymer films. First, domino photoinitiating system made a substantial breakthrough in the photoefficiency of amine generation in contrast to photocaged base system, exhibiting marked improvement in the photosensitivity. Second, both the structural feature of base amplifier (BA) and reaction temperature as two important factors impacting the proliferation rate have been detailed. Third, different domino photoinitiating components, such as BAs, peroxides, and acrylates, were investigated in the thin polymer films. It is shown that both primary and secondary BAs are efficient catalysts for DFRP. Furthermore, polymerization rate shows a consistent dependence on the pKa value of the proliferated amine. Finally, remarkable post conversion after irradiation was achieved in DFRP. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1560–1569
Low thermodynamic but high kinetic stability of an antifreeze protein from Rhagium mordax
Authors: Friis Dennis S. , Johnsen Johannes L. , Kristiansen Erlend , Westh Peter , Ramløv Hans 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe equilibrium heat stability and the kinetic heat tolerance of a recombinant antifreeze protein (AFP) from the beetle Rhagium mordax (RmAFP1) are studied through differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism spectroscopy. In contrast to other insect AFPs studied with this respect, the RmAFP1 has only one disulfide bridge. The melting temperature, Tm, of the protein is determined to be 28.5°C (pH 7.4), which is much lower than most of those reported for AFPs or globular proteins in general. Despite its low melting temperature, both biophysical and activity measurements show that the protein almost completely refolds into the native state after repeated exposure of 70°C. RmAFP1 thus appears to be kinetically stable even far above its melting temperature. Thermodynamically, the insect AFPs seem to be dividable in three groups, relating to their content of disulfide bridges and widths of the ice binding motifs; high melting temperature AFPs (high disulfide content, TxT motifs), low melting temperature but high refolding capability AFPs (one disulfide bridge, TxTxTxT motifs) and irreversibly unfolded AFPs at low temperatures (no disulfide bridges, TxTxTxTxT motifs). The property of being able to cope with high temperature exposures may appear peculiar for proteins which strictly have their effect at subzero temperatures. Different aspects of this are discussed.
Membrane protein stability can be compromised by detergent interactions with the extramembranous soluble domains
Authors: Yang Zhengrong , Wang Chi , Zhou Qingxian , An Jianli , Hildebrandt Ellen , Aleksandrov Luba A. , Kappes John C. , DeLucas Lawrence J. , Riordan John R. , Urbatsch Ina L. , Hunt John F. , Brouillette Christie G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDetergent interaction with extramembranous soluble domains (ESDs) is not commonly considered an important determinant of integral membrane protein (IMP) behavior during purification and crystallization, even though ESDs contribute to the stability of many IMPs. Here we demonstrate that some generally nondenaturing detergents critically destabilize a model ESD, the first nucleotide‐binding domain (NBD1) from the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a model IMP. Notably, the detergents show equivalent trends in their influence on the stability of isolated NBD1 and full‐length CFTR. We used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to monitor changes in NBD1 stability and secondary structure, respectively, during titration with a series of detergents. Their effective harshness in these assays mirrors that widely accepted for their interaction with IMPs, i.e., anionic > zwitterionic > nonionic. It is noteworthy that including lipids or nonionic detergents is shown to mitigate detergent harshness, as will limiting contact time. We infer three thermodynamic mechanisms from the observed thermal destabilization by monomer or micelle: (i) binding to the unfolded state with no change in the native structure (all detergent classes); (ii) native state binding that alters thermodynamic properties and perhaps conformation (nonionic detergents); and (iii) detergent binding that directly leads to denaturation of the native state (anionic and zwitterionic). These results demonstrate that the accepted model for the harshness of detergents applies to their interaction with an ESD. It is concluded that destabilization of extramembranous soluble domains by specific detergents will influence the stability of some IMPs during purification.
Scenarios for Restoring Floodplain Ecology Given Changes to River Flows Under Climate Change: Case from the San Joaquin River, California
Authors: Matella M. K. , Merenlender A. M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFreshwater ecosystem health has been increasingly linked to floodplain connectivity, and some river restoration efforts now overtly target reconnecting floodplain habitats for species recovery. The dynamic nature of floodplain habitats is not typically accounted for in efforts to plan and evaluate potential floodplain reconnection projects. This study describes a novel approach for integrating streamflow dynamics with floodplain area to quantify species‐specific habitat availability using hydraulic modelling, spatial analysis and statistical measures of flow regime. We used this hydro‐ecological modelling approach to examine the potential habitat for splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and their food resources under two restoration treatments and two climate change flow scenarios for a study site on San Joaquin River in California. Even with the addition of new floodplain through restoration efforts, the modelling results reveal only 13 streamflow events in the past 80 years had the magnitude and duration required for splittail spawning and rearing, and 14 events had flows long enough for salmon rearing benefits. Under climate change, modelled results suggest only 4–17% of the years in the rest of this century are likely to produce required flow‐related habitat conditions for splittail and salmon rearing along the study reach. Lastly, we demonstrate by simulating augmented reservoir releases that restoration of fish habitat will require a more natural flow regime to make use of restored floodplain and achieve the desired hydrologic habitat connectivity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A lightweight trust management based on Bayesian and Entropy for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Che Shenyun , Feng Renjian , Liang Xuan , Wang Xiao 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of wireless sensor networks, the issue of designing a reasonable trust management has attracted more and more research attention. Based on Bayesian and Entropy, this paper proposes a lightweight trust management for wireless sensor networks. First, the evaluated node's direct trust value is calculated by Bayesian and periodically updated according to the combination of effective history records and adaptive decay factor. We use effective history records rather than all the records to save nodes’ memory, and the adaptive decay factor enhances the algorithm's accuracy and dynamic. Then, according to the confidence level of the direct trust value, we decide whether the direct trust is credible enough to be the integrated trust. This can reduce the energy computation and make the algorithm lightweight. Last, if the direct trust is not credible enough, the overall indirect trust value will be calculated. The Entropy Theory is adopted to distribute weights to different trust values, which can improve the problems caused by distributing weights subjectively and also enhance adaptability of the model. Simulation experiments are provided to assess the performance of the proposed trust management in terms of attack–defeat ability and energy consumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Realization of a user‐centric, privacy preserving permission framework for Android
Authors: Nauman Mohammad , Khan Sohail , Othman Abu Talib , Musa Shahrulniza 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAndroid has been steadily gaining market share, and the number of available applications is increasing at a healthy pace. Because of the myriad of third‐party applications, privacy concerns are starting to surface in the community. Application developers usually request access to more system resources than are strictly required for their apps. However, the stock Android permission model does not allow users to selectively grant permissions. This is a well‐known issue, but existing solutions to this problem are either too abstract or require detailed changes to the core model—making it difficult for both developers and users to accept them. In this paper, we present a fine‐grained, user‐centric permission model for Android that allows users to selectively grant permissions to applications that they install. Our model allows specification of permissions based on application and system attributes as well as simple yes or no policies. The model is kept as simple as possible, and its open source implementation is highly usable for the average end user. It requires minimal backward compatible changes to the core permission model and is shown to be highly efficient in terms of performance overhead. We present our model and point interested readers to our freely available changeset to help them use, evaluate, and improve our permission model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Private set intersection via public key encryption with keywords search
Authors: Shao Zhi‐Yi , Yang Bo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe introduce the public key encryption with keywords search into the problem of secure two‐party computation and obtain a novel approach to accomplish private set intersection (PSI), which uses the public key encryption with keywords search as the basic tool. The public key encryption with keywords search scheme we adopt does not need the expensive MapToPoint operation, thus the computation complexity can be reduced significantly compared with other PSI schemes, which also obtain linear computation complexity. We aim to achieve PSI in computationally asymmetric settings, which can be instantiated by cloud computing. Our protocol satisfies the privacy with respect to semi‐honest behavior, and the client only needs to compute m multiplications, m hashes, and one modular exponentiation to obtain the intersection, where m denotes the cardinality of the client's input set. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Privacy preserving revocable predicate encryption revisited
Authors: Lee Kwangsu , Kim Intae , Hwang Seong Oun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPredicate encryption (PE) that provides both the access control of ciphertexts and the privacy of ciphertexts is a new paradigm of public‐key encryption. An important application of PE is a searchable encryption system in cloud storage, where it enables a client to securely outsource the search of a keyword on encrypted data without revealing the keyword to the cloud server. One practical issue of PE is to devise an efficient revocation method to revoke a user when the secret key of the user is compromised. Privacy preserving revocable PE (RPE) can provide not only revocation but also the privacy of revoked users. In this paper, we first define two new security models of privacy preserving RPE: the strongly full‐hiding (FH) security and the weakly FH security. Next, we propose a general RPE construction from any PE scheme and prove its security in the weakly FH security model. Our generic RPE scheme is efficient because the number of ciphertext elements is not proportional to the number of users in a receiver set. Additionally, our RPE scheme can support polynomial‐size circuits if a recently proposed functional encryption scheme for polynomial‐size circuits is used as an underlying PE scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large universe decentralized key‐policy attribute‐based encryption
Authors: Li Qi , Ma Jianfeng , Li Rui , Xiong Jinbo , Liu Ximeng 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn multi‐authority attribute‐based encryption (ABE) systems, each authority manages a different attribute universe and issues the private keys to users. However, the previous multi‐authority ABE schemes are subject to such restrictions during initializing the systems: either the attribute universe is polynomially sized and the attributes have to be enumerated or the attribute universe can be exponentially large, but the size of the set of attributes, which will be used in encryption, is not more than a predefined fixed value. These restrictions prevent multi‐authority ABE schemes from being deployed in dynamic practice applications. In this paper, we present a large universe decentralized key‐policy ABE scheme without such additional limitation. In our scheme, there is no requirement of any central authority. Each attribute authority executes independently from the others and can join or depart the system allodiality. Our system supports any monotone access policy. The proposed scheme is constructed on prime order groups and proved selectively secure in the standard model. To the best of our knowledge, our scheme is the first large universe decentralized key‐policy ABE system in the standard model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.