bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a multimodal exercise program on sleep disturbances and instrumental activities of daily living performance on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Nascimento Carla Manuela Crispim , Ayan Carlos , Cancela Jose Maria , Gobbi Lilian Teresa Bucken , Gobbi Sebastião , Stella Florindo 
Published: May 2013

AimTo assess the contribution of a multimodal exercise program on the sleep disturbances (SD) and on the performance of instrumental activities daily living (IADL) in patients with clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease patients (PD).MethodsA total of 42 consecutive patients (23 training group, 19 control group) with PD and 35 demented patients with AD (19 trained group, 16 control group) were recruited. Participants in both training groups carried out three 1‐h sessions per week of a multimodal exercise program for 6 months. The Pfeffer Questionnaire for Instrumental Activities and the Mini‐Sleep Questionnaire were used to assess the effects of the program on IADL and SD respectively.ResultsTwo‐way ancova showed interactions in IADL and SD. Significant improvements were observed for these variables in both intervention groups, and maintenance or worsening was observed in control groups. The analysis of effect size showed these improvements.ConclusionThe present study results show that a mild to moderate intensity of multimodal physical exercises carried out on a regular basis over 6 months can contribute to reducing IADL deficits and attenuating SD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 259–266.
Inpatients' expectations and experiences of hospital pharmacy services: qualitative study
Authors: Morecroft Charles W. , Thornton David , Caldwell Neil A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntroductionHospital pharmacists' have traditionally focused on the manufacture and supply of medicines. However, the increasing complexity and range of medicines and a greater awareness of medication errors has facilitated a change towards a patient‐centred role. Given this movement, it is surprising that a search of the published literature shows very little research that evaluated patients' views of hospital‐based pharmacy services.ObjectiveTo explore inpatients' expectations and experiences of hospital‐based pharmacy services.Study setting and designFace‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews with inpatients admitted to acute medical wards of threeNHSgeneral hospitals.Principal findingsSeventy‐four inpatients were interviewed: 37 were male with average age 73 years (age range of 19 –86 years). The predominate number of participants (62/74, 84%) being in the 65–80 years of age group. Thematic analysis of the data was driven by three themes; patients' expectations of the pharmacist's involvement in their treatment and care, the patients' experiences of any interaction that may have taken place and the patients' evaluation of their interaction with the pharmacist.ConclusionsThere was a dichotomy of expectations and opinions from patients about the role of hospital pharmacists and the services being provided. As pharmacists' roles are developing towards a patient‐orientated model in which pharmacists have direct contact with patients and their care, it is important to ensure that patients are aware of these developments to help them maximize the benefit they derive from their country's health‐care system.
Insights into the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kato Norihiro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractType 2 diabetes is one of the most common complex diseases, of which considerable efforts have been made to unravel the pathophysiological mechanisms. Recently, large‐scale genome‐wide association (GWA) studies have successfully identified genetic loci robustly associated with type 2 diabetes by searching susceptibility variants across the entire genome in an unbiased, hypothesis‐free manner. The number of loci has climbed from just three in 2006 to approximately 70 today. For the common type 2 diabetes‐associated variants, three features have been noted. First, genetic impacts of individual variants are generally modest; mostly, allelic odds ratios range between 1.06 and 1.20. Second, most of the loci identified to date are not in or near obvious candidate genes, but some are often located in the intergenic regions. Third, although the number of loci is limited, there might be some population specificity in type 2 diabetes association. Although we can estimate a single or a few target genes for individual loci detected in GWA studies by referring to the data for experiments in vitro, biological function remains largely unknown for a substantial part of such target genes. Nevertheless, new biology is arising from GWA study discoveries; for example, genes implicated in β‐cell dysfunction are over‐represented within type 2 diabetes‐associated regions. Toward translational advances, we have just begun to face new challenges – elucidation of multifaceted (i.e., molecular, cellular and physiological) mechanistic insights into disease biology by considering interaction with the environment. The present review summarizes recent advances in the genetics of type 2 diabetes, together with its realistic potential.
Fracture Risk in Older, Long‐Term Survivors of Early‐Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Pawloski Pamala A. , Geiger Ann M. , Haque Reina , Kamineni Aruna , Fouayzi Hassan , Ogarek Jessica , Petersen Hans V. , Bosco Jaclyn L. F. , Thwin Soe Soe , Silliman Rebecca A. , Field Terry S. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of breast cancer and its treatment on fracture risk in older breast cancer survivors.DesignA 10‐year prospective cohort study beginning 5 years after a diagnosis of breast cancer for survivors and match date for comparison women.SettingSix integrated healthcare systems.ParticipantsWomen aged 65 and older (1,286 survivors, 1,286 comparison women, mean age 77.7 in both groups, white, non‐Hispanic: survivors, 81.6%; comparison women, 85.2%) who were alive and recurrence free 5 years after a diagnosis of early‐stage breast cancer and matched on age, study site, and enrollment year to a comparison cohort without breast cancer.MeasurementsCox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between fracture risk and survivor‐comparison status, adjusting for drugs and risk factors associated with bone health. A subanalysis was used to evaluate the association between tamoxifen exposure and fracture risk.ResultsNo difference was observed in fracture rates between groups (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9–1.3). The protective effect of tamoxifen was not statistically significant (HR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.6–1.2).ConclusionLong‐term survivors of early‐stage breast cancer diagnosed at age 65 and older are not at greater risk of osteoporotic fractures than age‐matched women without breast cancer. There appears to be no long‐term protection from fractures with tamoxifen use.
Adolescent Pathways to Co‐Occurring Problem Behavior: The Effects of Peer Delinquency and Peer Substance Use
Authors: Monahan Kathryn C. , Rhew Isaac C. , Hawkins J. David , Brown Eric C. 
Published: May 2013

Delinquency and substance use are more likely to co‐occur in adolescence compared to earlier and later developmental periods. The present study examined developmental pathways to co‐occurring problem behavior from 6th to 10th grade (N = 2,002), testing how peer delinquency and substance use were linked to transitioning between abstaining, delinquency, substance use, and co‐occurring problem behavior. Developmentally, most youth transition from abstinence to delinquent behavior and then escalate to co‐occurring problem behavior. Once co‐occurring problem behavior onsets, remitting to single‐problem behavior or abstinence is unlikely. The impact of peers on problem behavior is domain‐specific when individuals transition from abstaining to a single‐problem behavior, but is more general with respect to escalation of and desistance from problem behavior.
ASCIA guidelines for prevention of anaphylaxis in schools, pre‐schools and childcare: 2012 update
Authors: Vale Sandra , Smith Jill , Said Maria , Dunne Geraldine , Mullins Raymond , Loh Richard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAppropriate management and prevention of anaphylaxis in the school, pre‐school and childcare settings requires advanced planning and communication. The Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy has developed Guidelines for Prevention of Anaphylaxis in Schools, Pre‐schools and Childcare to assist school, pre‐school and childcare staff in appropriate implementation of risk‐minimisation strategies. Risk‐minimisation strategies recommended take into consideration the needs of the allergic child; effectiveness of measures; stresses on parents and staff, the allergic child and their peers; and the implications of the recommended risk‐minimisation strategies. These Guidelines address risk‐minimisation strategies for food, insect and medication allergies; however, the majority of strategies relate to food allergy due to the higher risk of exposure in these settings. Training in recognition of allergic symptoms (including anaphylaxis), appropriate response and treatment, as well as how to prevent exposure to known allergens are essential for effective anaphylaxis management in the school, pre‐school and childcare settings.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the new world of biologics
Authors: Ostring Genevieve Tyra , Singh‐Grewal Davinder 
Published: May 2013

AbstractJuvenile idiopathic arthritis results in significant pain and disability in both children and adults. Advances in treatment resulting in improved long‐term outcomes have occurred; however, an emphasis on early and aggressive diagnosis and management hopes to improve outcomes further. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis remains a clinical diagnosis of exclusion, but further research may delineate biological markers associated with the disease and its subtypes. Therapy for patients includes intra‐articular steroid injections, disease modifying agents such as methotrexate and biological agents. Biological agents have provided exciting new therapeutic options in the last decade; however, long‐term side effects of modulating the immune system are not yet fully understood. Systemic steroids may also be required but their long‐term use is avoided. Uveitis needs to be screened for in all of those with the diagnosis. Multidisciplinary team care is required in managing these young people.
Block‐wise conflict adaptation of visual selectivity: Role of hemisphere‐dependent and location‐specific mechanisms
Authors: Kuratomi Kei , Yoshizaki Kazuhito 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThree experiments investigated views on modulation of visual selectivity that involve hemisphere‐dependence and conflict frequency based views for a whole display. In each experiment, 16 participants completed a flanker task with compatible/incompatible stimulus arrays presented in the left, center, or right visual fields. The relative frequency of the compatible stimulus‐arrays within a trial block was varied as a function of the visual field. In Experiment 1, the relative compatibility frequency in the lateral visual fields was varied (75% / 25%) but not in the center visual field (50%). The results showed that in the lateral visual fields, the performance between the compatible and incompatible trials differed more in conditions with few (vs. many) compatibility trials. Experiments 2 and 3 validated these findings. In Experiment 2, the compatibility frequency varied in the center visual field but not in the lateral fields, resulting in performance effects in all three visual fields. Experiment 3 varied the magnitude of the differences between the compatibility and incompatibility frequencies. Together, the findings showed that participants adjusted to the frequencies of compatible stimuli in all visual fields, indicating conflict adaptation that depends on the relative frequencies of compatible stimuli. The results also suggest that this adaptation is associated with hemisphere‐dependent and location‐specific mechanisms.
Phylogenetic Diversity of Bacteria Isolated from Sick Dogs Using theBAPGMEnrichment Culture Platform
Authors: Davenport A.C. , Mascarelli P.E. , Maggi R.G. , Breitschwerdt E.B. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundBartonellaalpha‐Proteobacteriagrowth medium (BAPGM) enrichment culture has proven useful for documentingBartonellaspecies infection and has facilitated growth of other fastidious bacteria from human samples.PurposeTo report non‐Bartonellabacterial isolates obtained from canine samples cultured usingBAPGMenrichment culture.AnimalsBetween 2004 and 2008, 695 specimens from 513 dogs were tested by the NCSU‐IPRL using theBAPGMenrichment culture. Over the same period of time, blood samples from 270 dogs were cultured by the NCSU‐CML using Bactec‐Plus Aerobic/F media.MethodsBAPGMisolates were characterized usingBartonellagenus primers and 16S rDNAprimers followed byDNAsequencing.NCSUmedical records were retrospectively reviewed. Blood culture results from the NCSU‐CML were compared withBAPGMblood culture results.ResultsSeventy‐nine non‐Bartonellaisolates were obtained from 69/513 dogs. The most commonly isolated phylum was Proteobacteria (48.1%) with alpha‐Proteobacteria being the most commonly isolated class.StaphylococcusandSphingomonaswere the most commonly isolated genera. The majority of the remaining isolates were bacteria that are rarely isolated from canine samples. Comparison of NCSU‐CML andIPRL(BAPGM) blood culture isolates showed alpha‐Proteobacteria were isolated more often fromBAPGM.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUse of insect cell culture enrichment medium, such asBAPGM, appears to enhance the growth of alpha‐Proteobacteria, but also results in isolation of non‐alpha‐Proteobacteria from sick dogs. Future studies are needed to elucidate the utility ofBAPGMand other “nonconventional” growth media and methods for isolation of fastidious organisms and to determine if these organisms play a causal role in disease development.
Clinical and Pathological Analysis of Epidural Inflammation in Intervertebral Disk Extrusion in Dogs
Authors: Fadda A. , Oevermann A. , Vandevelde M. , Doherr M.G. , Forterre F. , Henke D. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundLittle is known about the pathologic changes in the epidural space after intervertebral disk (IVD) extrusion in the dog.ObjectivesTo analyze the pathology of the epidural inflammatory response, and to search for correlations between this process and clinical findings.MethodsClinical data from 105 chondrodystrophic (CD) and nonchondrodystrophic (NCD) dogs withIVDextrusion were recorded. Epidural material from these dogs was examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Using statistical analysis, we searched for correlations between severity of epidural inflammation and various clinical and pathologic variables.ResultsMost dogs exhibited an epidural inflammatory response, ranging from acute invasion of neutrophils to formation of chronic granulation tissue. The mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates consisted mostly of monocytes and macrophages and only few T and B cells. Surprisingly, chronic inflammatory patterns also were found in animals with an acute clinical history. Severity of the epidural inflammation correlated with degree of the epidural hemorrhage and nucleus pulposus calcification (P = .003 and .040), but not with age, chondrodystrophic phenotype, neurologic grade, back pain, pretreatment, or duration. The degree of inflammation was statistically (P = .021) inversely correlated with the ability to regain ambulation.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceEpidural inflammation occurs in the majority of dogs withIVDextrusion and may develop long before the onset of clinical signs. Presence of calcifiedIVDmaterial and hemorrhage in the epidural space may be the triggers of this lesion rather than an adaptive immune response to the nucleus pulposus as suggested in previous studies. Because epidural inflammation may affect outcome, further research is warranted.
Low‐birthweight rates higher amongBangladeshi neonates measured during active birth surveillance compared to national survey data
Authors: Klemm Rolf D.W. , Merrill Rebecca D. , Wu Lee , Shamim Abu Ahmed , Ali Hasmot , Labrique Alain , Christian Parul , West Keith P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBirth size is an important gauge of fetal and neonatal health. Birth size measurements were collected within 72 h of life for 16 290 live born, singleton infants in ruralBangladesh from 2004 to 2007. Gestational age was calculated based on the date of last menstrual period. Newborns were classified as small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) based on a birthweight below the 10th percentile for gestational age, using three sets ofUSreference data. Birth size distributions were explored based on raw values as well as afterz‐score standardisation in reference toWorldHealthOrganization (WHO) 2006 growth standards. Mean (SD) birthweight (g), length (cm) and head circumference (cm) measurements, completed within [median (25th, 75th percentile)] 15 (8, 23) h of life, were 2433 (425), 46.4 (2.4) and 32.4 (1.6), respectively. Twenty‐two per cent were born preterm. Over one‐half (55.3%) of infants were born low birthweight; 46.6%, 37.0% and 33.6% had a weight, length and head circumference below −2z‐scores of theWHOgrowth standard at birth; and 70.9%, 72.2% and 59.8% wereSGAfor weight based on Alexanderet al., Okenet al. and Olsenet al. references, respectively. Infants in this typical ruralBangladesh setting were commonly born small, reflecting a high burden of fetal growth restriction and preterm birth. Our findings, produced by active birth surveillance, suggest that low birthweight is far more common than suggested by cross‐sectional survey estimates. Interventions that improve fetal growth during pregnancy may have the largest impact on reducingSGArates.
Community‐based climate change adaptation strategies for integrated prawn–fish–rice farming in Bangladesh to promote social–ecological resilience
Authors: Ahmed Nesar , Bunting Stuart W. , Rahman Sanzidur , Garforth Christopher J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFarming freshwater prawns with fish in rice fields is widespread in the coastal region of southwest Bangladesh because of favourable resources and ecological conditions. This article provides an overview of an ecosystem‐based approach to integrated prawn–fish–rice farming in southwest Bangladesh. The practice of prawn and fish farming in rice fields is a form of integrated aquaculture–agriculture, which provides a wide range of social, economic and environmental benefits. Integrated prawn–fish–rice farming plays an important role in the economy of Bangladesh, earning foreign exchange and increasing food production. However, this unique farming system in coastal Bangladesh is particularly vulnerable to climate change. We suggest that community‐based adaptation strategies must be developed to cope with the challenges. We propose that integrated prawn–fish–rice farming could be relocated from the coastal region to less vulnerable inland areas, but caution that this will require appropriate adaptation strategies and an enabling institutional environment.
Evaluation of a Nutrition Care Process‐based audit instrument, the Diet‐NCP‐Audit, for documentation of dietetic care in medical records
Authors: Lövestam Elin , Orrevall Ylva , Koochek Afsaneh , Karlström Brita , Andersson Agneta 
Published: May 2013

Adequate documentation in medical records is important for high‐quality health care. Documentation quality is widely studied within nursing, but studies are lacking within dietetic care. The aim of this study was to translate, elaborate and evaluate an audit instrument, based on the four‐step Nutrition Care Process model, for documentation of dietetic care in medical records. The audit instrument includes 14 items focused on essential parts of dietetic care and the documentation's clarity and structure. Each item is to be rated 0–1 or 0–2 points, with a maximum total instrument score of 26. A detailed manual was added to facilitate the interpretation and increase the reliability of the instrument. The instrument is based on a similar tool initiated 9 years ago in the United States, which in this study was translated to Swedish and further elaborated. The translated and further elaborated instrument was named Diet‐NCP‐Audit. Firstly, the content validity of the Diet‐NCP‐Audit instrument was tested by five experienced dietitians. They rated the relevance and clarity of the included items. After a first rating, minor improvements were made. After the second rating, the Content Validity Indexes were 1.0, and the Clarity Index was 0.98. Secondly, to test the reliability, four dietitians reviewed 20 systematically collected dietetic notes independently using the audit instrument. Before the review, a calibration process was performed. A comparison of the reviews was performed, which resulted in a moderate inter‐rater agreement with Krippendorff's α = 0.65–0.67. Grouping the audit results in three levels: lower, medium or higher range, a Krippendorff's α of 0.74 was considered high reliability. Also, an intra‐rater reliability test–retest with a 9 weeks interval, performed by one dietitian, showed strong agreement. To conclude, the evaluated audit instrument had high content validity and moderate to high reliability and can be used in auditing documentation of dietetic care.
Functional and structural age‐related changes in the scalp skin of Caucasian women
Authors: Pouradier Florence , Céline Cornillon , Marie‐Florence D'arras , Frédéric Flament , Ségolène Panhard , Stéphane Diridollou , Geneviève Loussouarn 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundAgeing of the skin, being chronological or sun induced is highly documented. Scalp, as a specific skin site, has, however, received little attention. This work attempted to describe functional and structural alterations that occur in scalp skin with ageing.MethodsTwo different age groups (N = 15 each; 30 ± 3 and 62 ± 2 y.o. respectively) of Caucasian women participated in the study. Some functional parameters (TEWL, Sebum level, Hydration, T°) were recorded on the vertex part of the scalp, after having cut the hair flat on the scalp surface. Imaging of some structural criteria was carried out using high‐frequency ultrasound technique and optical coherence tomography on the same scalp site and on the mid‐forehead, as a close control skin site.ResultsAs compared with the younger group, the scalp of older women significantly showed a decreased TEWL and a slightly lower T°. The thickness of total skin (epidermis + dermis) increased with age on both scalp and on forehead. The thickness of scalp epidermis decreased with age while not significantly altered on forehead. Pseudoattenuation of ultrasound images increased in the older age group. Other criteria, such as sebum level, stratum corneum hydration, stratum corneum thickness, were not found altered with age.ConclusionWith ageing, some few functional and structural changes are observed in the scalp of Caucasian women. Similarities or differences with those previously reported in other skin sites are discussed.