bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untargeted metabolomic analysis for the clinical screening of inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Miller Marcus J. , Kennedy Adam D. , Eckhart Andrea D. , Burrage Lindsay C. , Wulff Jacob E. , Miller Luke A.D. , Milburn Michael V. , Ryals John A. , Beaudet Arthur L. , Sun Qin , Sutton V. Reid , Elsea Sarah H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGlobal metabolic profiling currently achievable by untargeted mass spectrometry‐based metabolomic platforms has great potential to advance our understanding of human disease states, including potential utility in the detection of novel and known inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs). There are few studies of the technical reproducibility, data analysis methods, and overall diagnostic capabilities when this technology is applied to clinical specimens for the diagnosis of IEMs. We explored the clinical utility of a metabolomic workflow capable of routinely generating semi‐quantitative z‐score values for ~900 unique compounds, including ~500 named human analytes, in a single analysis of human plasma. We tested the technical reproducibility of this platform and applied it to the retrospective diagnosis of 190 individual plasma samples, 120 of which were collected from patients with a confirmed IEM. Our results demonstrate high intra‐assay precision and linear detection for the majority compounds tested. Individual metabolomic profiles provided excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection of a wide range of metabolic disorders and identified novel biomarkers for some diseases. With this platform, it is possible to use one test to screen for dozens of IEMs that might otherwise require ordering multiple unique biochemical tests. However, this test may yield false negative results for certain disorders that would be detected by a more well‐established quantitative test and in its current state should be considered a supplementary test. Our findings describe a novel approach to metabolomic analysis of clinical specimens and demonstrate the clinical utility of this technology for prospective screening of IEMs.
Market‐timing the business cycle
Authors: Peláez Rolando F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAs a group, professional portfolio managers have been largely unable to outperform the market buy‐and‐hold benchmark. Likewise, professional forecasters have been unable to predict recessions reliably. The paper contributes to the literature in two significant respects. First, the Recession Probability Model herein correctly forecasts out‐of‐sample the probability of a downturn and the binary state over a 45‐year validation sample. This is important as it is around cyclical turning points that forecast errors are largest, and dependable forecasts are most useful. Reliable recession forecasts are essential for risk‐management, planning capital outlays, and for portfolio management. Moreover, accurate forecasts of the turn allow policy‐makers to mitigate the social cost of recessions. Second, the paper shows that it is extremely profitable to switch from equities to T‐bills when the one‐quarter‐ahead probability of recession reaches a certain threshold. Several market‐timing rules dominate the buy‐and‐hold in terms of the risk‐adjusted measures of Treynor, Sharpe, and Jensen. One trading rule achieves triple the terminal wealth of the buy‐and‐hold.
The lift on an aerofoil in grid-generated turbulence
Authors: Li Shaopeng , Li Mingshui , Liao Haili 
Published: April 2015

The three-dimensional effects of turbulence cannot be neglected when the spanwise wavelength of the incident turbulence is not effectively infinite with respect to the chord, which may invalidate the strip assumption. Based on three-dimensional theory, a general approach, expressed in terms of a two-dimensional Fourier transform of the correlation of the buffeting force, is proposed to identify the two-wavenumber spectrum and aerodynamic admittance of the lift force on an aerofoil. It is essential that the approach presented can be validated in wind tunnel experiments. The coherence of the lift force on an aerofoil in grid-generated turbulence is obtained by simultaneous measurements of unsteady surface pressures around several chordwise strips on a stiff sectional model, which controls the accuracy of results. For the purpose of the Fourier transform, three empirical coherence models of the lift force are presented to fit the experimental results. Compared with the linearized theory, the two-wavenumber aerodynamic admittance can describe well the pressure distribution and the pattern of energy transition in an isotropic turbulence field. Thus, the failure mechanism of the traditional strip assumption can be demonstrated explicitly. In addition, the results obtained also validate the theory proposed by Graham (Aeronaut. Q., vol. 21, 1970, pp. 182–198;Aeronaut. Q., vol. 22, 1971, pp. 83–100). The present approach can be extended to study the three-dimensionality of the buffeting force on line-like structures with arbitrary cross-configurations, such as long-span bridges and high-rise buildings.
An Analytical Solution to the Three-Dimensional Problem on Elastic Equilibrium of an Exponentially-Inhomogeneous Layer
Authors: Tokovyy Y. , Ma C.-C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present an analytical solution to the general three-dimensional elasticity problem in a layer, whose Young’s modulus varies exponentially within the thickness coordinate and the Poisson’s ratio is constant. By making use of the direct integration method, the complete set of the governing equations in terms of stresses has been formed. The latter equations were reduced to separate equations for each stress-tensor component and then solved by means of the Fourier double-integral transformation with respect to the planar coordinates.
Associations between socio-economic status and dietary patterns in US black and white adults
Authors: Kell K. P. , Judd S. E. , Pearson K. E. , Shikany J. M. , Fernández J. R. 
Published: April 2015

Socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with measures of diet quality; however, such measures have not directly captured overall eating practices in individuals. Based on the factor analysis of fifty-six food groups from FFQ, associations between patterns of food consumption and SES were examined in a nationwide sample of 17 062 black (34·6 %) and white participants (age >45 years) from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, racial group and geographic region were used to examine adherence to five emergent dietary patterns (convenience, plant-based, sweets/fats, southern and alcohol/salads) according to four levels each of individual education, household income and community-level SES. Further models assessed adherence to these dietary patterns by racial group, and an overall model including both racial groups examined whether the relationships between SES and adherence to these dietary patterns differed among black and white participants. For all the three measures of SES, higher SES had been associated with greater adherence to plant-based and alcohol/salads patterns, but lower adherence to sweets/fats and southern patterns. Statistically significant differences between black and white participants were observed in the associations between household income and adherence to alcohol/salads, individual education and adherence to plant-based and sweets/fats, and community SES and adherence to convenience patterns. As adherence to dietary patterns has been shown to be associated with health outcomes in this population (e.g. stroke), the present study offers valuable insight into behavioural and environmental factors that may contribute to health disparities in the diverse US population.
THE TOLERANT POPULISTSAND THE LEGACY OF WALTER NUGENT
Authors: Creech Joe 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPublished in 1963 and with a second edition in 2013, Walter Nugent'sThe Tolerant Populistschallenged and overturned an interpretation of the American Populist movement, largely associated with Richard Hofstadter'sThe Age of Reform, which portrayed the People's Party as backward looking, reactionary, irrational, antisemitic, and nativist.The Tolerant Populistsdemonstrated the Populist movement to be forward looking in its advocacy of statist economic reforms later adopted by progressives. In addition to this particular intervention in the literature,The Tolerant Populists, as it marked a turn in the 1960s to writing history from the bottom up, also more generally shaped the historiography of Populism by emphasizing the local social, cultural, and political roots of the movement; the movement's appeal to marginalized Americans in the 1890s; and the reasonableness of its policy measures to ease economic suffering. Moreover, the new edition critiques the continued use in popular media of lower-case “populism” to describe modern anti-statist movements that bear no resemblance to the movement of the 1890s. Finally, Walter Nugent forwarded the historiographical emphases inThe Tolerant Populiststo influence, in his later scholarship, the wider history of monetary policy, American demographic and social history, immigration, the American West, and American empire building.
THE BATTLEFIELDS OF PERSONAL AND PUBLIC MEMORY: COMMEMORATING THE BATTLE OF SARATOGA (1777) IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Authors: Strange Carolyn 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe commemoration of the Battle of Saratoga (1777) a century after the pivotal Revolutionary victory illuminates the imbrication of public and personal memory in the politics of late nineteenth-century patriotic commemoration. The fiscal challenges faced by the white elites who stewarded the project and the compromises they were forced to make expose the uncertainties of public commemorative projects, a theme overlooked in foundational scholarship on patriotic public memory. Given the frequent failure of monument projects in an era before governments led heritage planning, the significance of individuals to the fulfillment of ambitions warrants greater consideration. Using a microhistorical approach, this paper analyzes the Saratoga Monument Board members’ ambitions, promotional strategies, and improvisations, prompted in part by an issue unique to this Battle: how to deal with Benedict Arnold's significant role in the Americans’ victory over the English? The Board's sole female trustee, Ellen Hardin Walworth, confronted a similar challenge: how to remake her life after surviving a scandalous domestic tragedy? The interweaving of their stories and strategies highlights the ways in which the cultivation of Revolutionary memory served both political and personal attempts at reconstruction without fully managing to resolve the conflicted past. Thus, scholars must factor individuals’ unique connections to the past into the broader structural characteristics of patriotic commemoration in histories of public memory and its orchestration.
WORKING OUT THEIR ECONOMIC PROBLEMS TOGETHER: WORLD WAR I, WORKING WOMEN, AND CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE YWCA
Authors: Browder Dorothea 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article examines how a group of Black and White YWCA staff members seized the opportunities of World War I to advance a racial justice agenda through Young Women's Christian Association programs for working women. First, they created YWCA program work for thousands of Black working women that paralleled the YWCA's Industrial Program, which followed YWCA segregation policies. Second, they made claims for social justice based on Black women's labor contributions, in contrast to both earlier reformers' focus on elite Black women and other wartime activists' focus on soldiers' service. Finally, in a period best known for White people's violent resistance to Black advances, they fostered a program culture and structures that encouraged White working-class women to view African American coworkers as colleagues and to understand racial justice as part of a broader social justice agenda. Arguing that interracial cooperation among working people was crucial to social progress, they made African American laboring women and White working-class allies both symbolically and literally crucial to wartime and postwar civil rights efforts. Their efforts contribute to our understanding of the changing discourse of “respectability” and the impact of World War I on the Black Freedom Struggle.
Pathologisches Onlinespielen – Untersuchung einer studentischen Stichprobe
Authors: Ferchow Swantje , Franke Gabriele Helga , Jagla Melanie , Nowik Daniel 
Published: April 2015

Zielsetzung: Ziel der Untersuchung war es, das Ausmaß an pathologischem Onlinespielgebrauch bei Studierenden abzuschätzen und Faktoren zu identifizieren, die mit diesem einhergehen. Methodik: Daten von 1058 Studierenden wurden erhoben. Erfasst wurden Soziodemografie, pathologischer PC-Gebrauch (OSVe-S, CIUS, IAT, ISS), Persönlichkeit (NEO-FFI-25) und psychische Belastung (SCL-90®-S). Eine Substichprobe (n = 143) von Onlinespielern wurde selegiert; Einschlusskriterium war, Onlinespiele oft bzw. sehr oft zu nutzen. Pathologisch unauffällige (n = 94) und auffällige (n = 49) Spieler wurden auf signifikante Unterschiede mittels MANOVA überprüft. Ergebnisse: Auffällige Onlinespieler waren eher männlich und länger online. Sie zeichneten sich durch höheren Neurotizismus, geringere Extraversion und stärkere psychische Belastung aus. Private Onlinezeit am Wochenende und Zwanghaftigkeit waren im multivariaten Modell signifikant mit pathologischem PC-Gebrauch assoziiert. Schlussfolgerungen: Die untersuchten Studierenden wiesen einen hohen Anteil an pathologischem PC-Gebrauch auf, vorrangig die männlichen. Weitere Studien sollten die gefundenen Zusammenhänge validieren, um gesunde und pathologische Onlinespielnutzung voneinander abzugrenzen. Es wird empfohlen, Studentenberatungen für die Thematik zu sensibilisieren.
Metatranscriptomes reveal functional variation in diatom communities from the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Pearson Gareth A , Lago-Leston Asuncion , Cánovas Fernando , Cox Cymon J , Verret Frederic , Lasternas Sebastian , Duarte Carlos M , Agusti Susana , Serrão Ester A 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Functional genomics of diatom-dominated communities from the Antarctic Peninsula was studied using comparative metatranscriptomics. Samples obtained from diatom-rich communities in the Bransfield Strait, the western Weddell Sea and sea ice in the Bellingshausen Sea/Wilkins Ice Shelf yielded more than 500K pyrosequencing reads that were combined to produce a global metatranscriptome assembly. Multi-gene phylogenies recovered three distinct communities, and diatom-assigned contigs further indicated little read-sharing between communities, validating an assembly-based annotation and analysis approach. Although functional analysis recovered a core of abundant shared annotations that were expressed across the three diatom communities, over 40% of annotations (but accounting for &lt;10% of sequences) were community-specific. The two pelagic communities differed in their expression of N-metabolism and acquisition genes, which was almost absent in post-bloom conditions in the Weddell Sea community, while enrichment of transporters for ammonia and urea in Bransfield Strait diatoms suggests a physiological stance towards acquisition of reduced N-sources. The depletion of carbohydrate and energy metabolism pathways in sea ice relative to pelagic communities, together with increased light energy dissipation (via LHCSR proteins), photorespiration, and NO3− uptake and utilization all pointed to irradiance stress and/or inorganic carbon limitation within sea ice. Ice-binding proteins and cold-shock transcription factors were also enriched in sea ice diatoms. Surprisingly, the abundance of gene transcripts for the translational machinery tracked decreasing environmental temperature across only a 4 °C range, possibly reflecting constraints on translational efficiency and protein production in cold environments.
Dominance of sulfur-fueled iron oxide reduction in low-sulfate freshwater sediments
Authors: Hansel Colleen M , Lentini Chris J , Tang Yuanzhi , Johnston David T , Wankel Scott D , Jardine Philip M 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A central tenant in microbial biogeochemistry is that microbial metabolisms follow a predictable sequence of terminal electron acceptors based on the energetic yield for the reaction. It is thereby oftentimes assumed that microbial respiration of ferric iron outcompetes sulfate in all but high-sulfate systems, and thus sulfide has little influence on freshwater or terrestrial iron cycling. Observations of sulfate reduction in low-sulfate environments have been attributed to the presumed presence of highly crystalline iron oxides allowing sulfate reduction to be more energetically favored. Here we identified the iron-reducing processes under low-sulfate conditions within columns containing freshwater sediments amended with structurally diverse iron oxides and fermentation products that fuel anaerobic respiration. We show that despite low sulfate concentrations and regardless of iron oxide substrate (ferrihydrite, Al-ferrihydrite, goethite, hematite), sulfidization was a dominant pathway in iron reduction. This process was mediated by (re)cycling of sulfur upon reaction of sulfide and iron oxides to support continued sulfur-based respiration—a cryptic sulfur cycle involving generation and consumption of sulfur intermediates. Although canonical iron respiration was not observed in the sediments amended with the more crystalline iron oxides, iron respiration did become dominant in the presence of ferrihydrite once sulfate was consumed. Thus, despite more favorable energetics, ferrihydrite reduction did not precede sulfate reduction and instead an inverse redox zonation was observed. These findings indicate that sulfur (re)cycling is a dominant force in iron cycling even in low-sulfate systems and in a manner difficult to predict using the classical thermodynamic ladder.
Valence-dependent influence of serotonin depletion on model-based choice strategy
Authors: Worbe Y , Palminteri S , Savulich G , Daw N D , Fernandez-Egea E , Robbins T W , Voon V 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHuman decision-making arises from both reflective and reflexive mechanisms, which underpin goal-directed and habitual behavioural control. Computationally, these two systems of behavioural control have been described by different learning algorithms, model-based and model-free learning, respectively. Here, we investigated the effect of diminished serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) neurotransmission using dietary tryptophan depletion (TD) in healthy volunteers on the performance of a two-stage decision-making task, which allows discrimination between model-free and model-based behavioural strategies. A novel version of the task was used, which not only examined choice balance for monetary reward but also for punishment (monetary loss). TD impaired goal-directed (model-based) behaviour in the reward condition, but promoted it under punishment. This effect on appetitive and aversive goal-directed behaviour is likely mediated by alteration of the average reward representation produced by TD, which is consistent with previous studies. Overall, the major implication of this study is that serotonin differentially affects goal-directed learning as a function of affective valence. These findings are relevant for a further understanding of psychiatric disorders associated with breakdown of goal-directed behavioural control such as obsessive-compulsive disorders or addictions.
Flexible suspended gate organic thin-film transistors for ultra-sensitive pressure detection
Authors: Zang Yaping , Zhang Fengjiao , Huang Dazhen , Gao Xike , Di Chong-an , Zhu Daoben 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe utilization of organic devices as pressure-sensing elements in artificial intelligence and healthcare applications represents a fascinating opportunity for the next-generation electronic products. To satisfy the critical requirements of these promising applications, the low-cost construction of large-area ultra-sensitive organic pressure devices with outstanding flexibility is highly desired. Here we present flexible suspended gate organic thin-film transistors (SGOTFTs) as a model platform that enables ultra-sensitive pressure detection. More importantly, the unique device geometry of SGOTFTs allows the fine-tuning of their sensitivity by the suspended gate. An unprecedented sensitivity of 192 kPa−1, a low limit-of-detection pressure of <0.5 Pa and a short response time of 10 ms were successfully realized, allowing the real-time detection of acoustic waves. These excellent sensing properties of SGOTFTs, together with their advantages of facile large-area fabrication and versatility in detecting various pressure signals, make SGOTFTs a powerful strategy for spatial pressure mapping in practical applications.
Molecular development of chondrichthyan claspers and the evolution of copulatory organs
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Katherine L. , Dahn Randall D. , Cohn Martin J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe earliest known vertebrate copulatory organs are claspers, paired penis-like structures that are associated with evolution of internal fertilization and viviparity in Devonian placoderms. Today, only male chondrichthyans possess claspers, which extend from posterior pelvic fins and function as intromittent organs. Here we report that clasper development from pelvic fins of male skates is controlled by hormonal regulation of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. We show that Shh signalling is necessary for male clasper development and is sufficient to induce clasper cartilages in females. Androgen receptor (AR) controls the male-specific pattern of Shh in pelvic fins by regulation of Hand2. We identify an androgen response element (ARE) in the Hand2 locus and present biochemical evidence that AR can directly bind the Hand2 ARE. Together, our results suggest that the genetic circuit for appendage development evolved an androgen regulatory input, which prolonged signalling activity and drove clasper skeletogenesis in male fins.
MicroRNA29a regulates IL-33-mediated tissue remodelling in tendon disease
Authors: Millar Neal L. , Gilchrist Derek S. , Akbar Moeed , Reilly James H. , Kerr Shauna C. , Campbell Abigail L. , Murrell George A. C. , Liew Foo Y. , Kurowska-Stolarska Mariola , McInnes Iain B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) has the potential for cross-regulation and functional integration of discrete biological processes during complex physiological events. Utilizing the common human condition tendinopathy as a model system to explore the cross-regulation of immediate inflammation and matrix synthesis by miRNA we observed that elevated IL-33 expression is a characteristic of early tendinopathy. Usingin vitrotenocyte cultures andin vivomodels of tendon damage, we demonstrate that such IL-33 expression plays a pivotal role in the transition from type 1 to type 3 collagen (Col3) synthesis and thus early tendon remodelling. Both IL-33 effector function, via its decoy receptor sST2, and Col3 synthesis are regulated bymiRNA29a. Downregulation ofmiRNA29ain human tenocytes is sufficient to induce an increase in Col3 expression. These data provide a molecular mechanism of miRNA-mediated integration of the early pathophysiologic events that facilitate tissue remodelling in human tendon after injury.