bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between different obesity patterns and the risk of NAFLD detected by transient elastography: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Yan Chun , Wen Jing , Wang Fang , Wu Han , Xu Fang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Obesity has become a major global public health challenge. Studies examining the associations between different obesity patterns and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between different obesity patterns and the risk of NAFLD in a large male population in the US.

Methods
Data from the 2017 to March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were utilized. Liver steatosis and fibrosis were assessed with FibroScan using the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurements (LSM). Steatosis was identified with a CAP value of 248 dB/m or higher. Abdominal obesity was defined by a waist circumference (WC) of 102 cm or more for males and 88 cm or more for females. Overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 24.0 kg/m2 and above. General obesity was identified with a BMI of 28.0 kg/m2 or higher. Obesity status was categorized into four types: overweight, general obesity, abdominal obesity, and combined obesity. Multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders, was used to examine the link between obesity patterns and NAFLD risk. Subgroup analysis further explored these associations.

Results
A total of 5,858 adults were included. After multivariable adjustment, compared to the normal weight group, the odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for NAFLD in individuals with overweight, general obesity, abdominal obesity, and combined obesity were 6.90 [3.74–12.70], 2.84 [2.38–3.39], 3.02 [2.02–4.51], and 9.53 [7.79–11.64], respectively. Subgroup analysis showed the effect of different obesity patterns on NAFLD risk was stable among individuals with different clinical conditions. In the fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, WC was positively associated with NAFLD risk (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.42–1.53; P < 0.001). WC also demonstrated strong discriminatory ability for NAFLD in Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, achieving an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.802.

Conclusions
Different patterns of obesity are risk factors for NAFLD. An increase in WC significantly increased NAFLD risk. More attention should be paid to preventing different patterns of obesity among adults.
The black box of the relationship between breast cancer patients and accompanying patients: the accompanied patients’ point of view
Authors: Pomey Marie-Pascale , Iliescu Nelea Monica , Vialaron Cécile , Normandin Louise , Côté Marie-Andrée , Desforges Mado , Pomey-Carpentier Pénélope , Adjtoutah Nesrine , Fortin Israël , Ganache Isabelle , Régis Catherine , Rosberger Zeev , Charpentier Danielle , Bélanger Lynda , Dorval Michel , Ghadiri Djahanchah P. , Lavoie-Tremblay Mélanie , Boivin Antoine , Pelletier Jean-François , Fernandez Nicolas , Danino Alain M. , de Guise Michèle 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The PAROLE-Onco program was introduced in the province of Quebec, Canada in 2019. It integrates accompanying patients (APs), i.e., people who have been affected by cancer, into the clinical team as full members. These APs use their experiential knowledge with people undergoing treatment and with clinical teams. The aim of this paper is to evaluate, within the framework of two university medical centers, the perceptions of breast cancer patients who receive support from APs, particularly in terms of their active involvement in their care trajectory.

Methods
A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with accompanied patients was performed. Fourteen individual interviews were conducted between July and September 2021 with women presenting different profiles in terms of age, education, professional status, type of treatment, family situation, and clinical background. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, focusing on patients’ perceptions of APs’ contributions and suggested improvements for accessing AP support.

Results
Three themes emerged from the semi-structured interviews: communication modalities used to connect patients with their APs, the characteristics of the support provided by APs, and the perceived effects of this support on the patients. Patients expressed a preference for telephone communication, highlighting its convenience and accessibility. The support provided by APs included emotional and informational support, neutrality, and adaptability. This relationship improved patient communication, reduced anxiety, helped regain control, and enhanced overall quality of life. The results emphasized the added value of APs in complementing the support offered by healthcare professionals. Patients noted the critical role of APs in helping them navigate the healthcare system, better understand their treatment processes, and manage their emotions. The ability of APs to provide practical advice and emotional reassurance was particularly valued. Overall, the findings underscored the significant impact of AP support on patients’ experiences and highlighted areas for enhancing this service.

Conclusion
This study highlights, during the care trajectory of people affected by breast cancer, APs’ contribution to patients’ emotional well-being because they improve, in particular, the management of emotions and communication with health professionals.
Cardiovascular diseases as risk factors of post-COVID syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Sha’ari Nur Insyirah , Ismail Aniza , Abdul Aziz Aznida Firzah , Suddin Leny Suzana , Azzeri Amirah , Sk Abd Razak Ruhana , Mad Tahir Nur Syazana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
A growing proportion of people experience incomplete recovery months after contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These COVID-19 survivors develop a condition known as post-COVID syndrome (PCS), where COVID-19 symptoms persist for > 12 weeks after acute infection. Limited studies have investigated PCS risk factors that notably include pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which should be examined considering the most recent PCS data. This review aims to identify CVD as a risk factor for PCS development in COVID-19 survivors.

Methods
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist, systematic literature searches were performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from the earliest date available to June 2023. Data from observational studies in English that described the association between CVD and PCS in adults (≥ 18 years old) were included. A minimum of two authors independently performed the screening, study selection, data extraction, data synthesis, and quality assessment (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). The protocol of this review was registered under PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023440834).

Results
In total, 594 studies were screened after duplicates and non-original articles had been removed. Of the 11 included studies, CVD including hypertension (six studies), heart failure (three studies), and others (two studies) were significantly associated with PCS development with different factors considered. The included studies were of moderate to high methodological quality.

Conclusion
Our review highlighted that COVID-19 survivors with pre-existing CVD have a significantly greater risk of developing PCS symptomology than survivors without pre-existing CVD. As heart failure, hypertension and other CVD are associated with a higher risk of developing PCS, comprehensive screening and thorough examinations are essential to minimise the impact of PCS and improve patients’ disease progression.
Prevalence and associated factors of infection in children with nephrotic syndrome aged 2-18 years in the northwest and east Amhara region, Ethiopia: a multi-center cross-sectional retrospective study
Authors: Mekonnen Birhanu Abie , Alene Tilahun Dessie , Yimer Yalemwork Anteneh , Lakew Ayenew Molla , Genet Geta Bayu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Infection is the most common complication of pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome. The factors associated with infection in nephrotic syndrome are lacking. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence and associated factors among children with nephrotic syndrome aged 2 to 18 years.

Methods
We conducted a hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study. The data collector installed an Epi5 collector electronic data-collecting tool from Google Play. Then, we exported the data to Stata version 15.1 for analysis. The mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were used for descriptive statistics. The logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with infection.

Results
In this study, the prevalence of infection among nephrotic syndrome children is 39.8% (95%CI: 30.7, 49.7). The types of infection identified were pneumonia, urinary tract infection, diarrheal disease, cutaneous fungal infection, intestinal parasitic infection, and sepsis. The presence of hematuria increased the odds of infection by 5-times. On the other hand, low level of serum albumin increased the odds of infection by 7%. Being a rural resident increased the odds of infection by 3.3-times as compared to urban.

Conclusions
Serum albumin level, presence of hematuria, and rural residence were significantly associated with infection. We recommended a longitudinal incidence study on large sample size at multicenter to strengthen this finding.
A retrospective analysis of treatment patterns, overall survival, and real-world disease-free survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer following complete resection
Authors: Hu Xiaohan , Chirovsky Diana , Walker Mark S. , Wang Yuexi , Kaushiva Alpana , Tepsick Jon , Samkari Ayman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Real-world data regarding patient characteristics, adjuvant treatment patterns, and long-term survival outcomes are needed to better understand unmet needs among patients with completely resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
Electronic medical records from the U.S.-based ConcertAI Patient360™ database were analyzed in patients with stage IB-IIIA NSCLC who underwent complete resection prior to March 1, 2016. Patients were followed until death or July 1, 2021. This study evaluated adjuvant chemotherapy use, and overall survival (OS) and real-world disease-free survival (rwDFS) outcomes using the Kaplan–Meier method. The correlation between OS and rwDFS was assessed using the Kendall rank test. Among patients who did not recur 5 years following surgery, landmark analyses of OS and rwDFS were conducted to understand the subsequent survival impact of remaining disease-free for at least 5 years.

Results
Data from 441 patients with completely resected stage IB-IIIA NSCLC were included. About 35% of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy post-resection. Median OS and rwDFS from resection were 83.1 months and 42.4 months, respectively. The 5-year OS and rwDFS rates were 65.7% and 42.1%, respectively. OS and rwDFS were positively correlated (Kendall rank correlation coefficient = 0.67; p < 0.0001). Among patients without recurrence within 5 years after resection, the subsequent 5-year OS and rwDFS survival rates were 52.9% and 36.6%, respectively.

Conclusions
Use of adjuvant chemotherapy was low, and the overall 5-year OS rate remained low despite all patients having undergone complete resection. Patients who remained non-recurrent over time had favorable subsequent long-term survival.
In vitro antifungal and physicochemical properties of polymerized acrylic resin containing strontium-modified phosphate-based glass
Authors: Jang Eun-Jee , Hong Ye-Ji , Jeong Yoon-Ha , Kim Kyoung-Eun , Jo Eun-Seo , Lee Myung-Jin , Yang Song-Yi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcrylic resins are widely used as the main components in removable orthodontic appliances. However, poor oral hygiene and maintenance of orthodontic appliances provide a suitable environment for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, strontium-modified phosphate-based glass (Sr-PBG) was added to orthodontic acrylic resin at 0% (control), 3.75%, 7.5%, and 15% by weight to evaluate the surface and physicochemical properties of the novel material and its in vitro antifungal effect against Candida albicans (C. albicans). Surface microhardness and contact angle did not vary between the control and 3.75% Sr-PBG groups (p > 0.05), and the flexural strength was lower in the experimental groups than in the control group (p < 0.05), but no difference was found with Sr-PBG content (p > 0.05). All experimental groups showed an antifungal effect at 24 and 48 h compared to that in the control group (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that 3.75% Sr-PBG exhibits antifungal effects against C. albicans along with suitable physicochemical properties, which may help to minimize the risk of adverse effects associated with harmful microbial living on removable orthodontic appliances and promote the use of various materials.
Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among primary school children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yirsaw Amalku Nigussie , Bogale Eyob Ketema , Tefera Mitiku , Belay Mahider Awoke , Alemu Ayenew Takele , Bogale Solomon Ketema , Getachew Eyob , Andarge Getnet Alemu , Seid Kedir , Lakew Gebeyehu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Dental caries (decay or cavities) is the breakdown of teeth as a result of bacteria. Dental caries is one of the most preventable oral health problems and the most common chronic disease in primary school children. Poor dental and oral health affects the quality of children’s lives.

Objectives
The study aimed to synthesize the existing literature on the prevalence and associated factors of dental caries among primary school children in Ethiopia in 2024.

Methodology
Studies were searched through the search engines of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library. Searching was made using keywords and MeSH terms for dental caries, dental plaque, primary school children, and Ethiopia. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test and I2 statistics. A random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval was used for prevalence and odds ratio estimations.

Result
The result of seven studies disclosed that the overall prevalence of dental caries in primary school children in Ethiopia was 35% (26–45%). high intake of sweets (OR = 2.71,95%CI:1.968–3.451), a poor habit of tooth cleaning (OR = 2.46; 95% CI: 2.761–5.045), Grade level 1–4(OR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.523–3.397), having a history of toothache(OR = 2.99; 95% CI: 2.679–3.314), absence of toothpaste use(OR = 1.42; 95% CI: -1.278-4.109), reduction of the previous year’s academic score(OR = 5.51; 95% CI: 1.952–9.066), had a significant microbial load(OR = 3.82, CI: 3.439–4.192) and have acid bacillary pH on their teeth(OR = 2.42, CI: 1.494–3.335) were independent variables associated with dental carries among primary school children.

Conclusion
The overall prevalence of dental caries among primary school children in Ethiopia is 35%, ranging from 26 to 45%. However, variations in prevalence rates are observed based on sampling techniques. Studies using simple random sampling report a higher prevalence rate of 42%, while those employing multi-stage random sampling and systematic random sampling show lower rates of 30% and 35%, respectively. This indicates that the choice of sampling technique can impact reported prevalence rates, with simple random sampling yielding higher estimates compared to other methods.
Seagrass as a potential nutraceutical to decrease pro-inflammatory markers
Authors: Mathakala Vani , Ullakula Tejaswini , Palempalli Uma Maheswari Devi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The Pro-inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide and TNF-α are the key players in the stimulation of the inflammatory responses. Thus, the pro-inflammatory mediators are considered to be potential targets for screening nutraceutical with anti-inflammatory activity.

Methods
In this context, we explored the anti-inflammatory potency of seagrass extract with western blot (Bio-Rad) analysis by using LPS induced RAW macrophages as in-vitro models, western blot analysis, In-silico methods using Mastero 13.0 software.

Results
The anti-inflammatory activity of Seagrass was demonstrated through down regulation of Pro-inflammatory markers such as Cyclooxygenase-2, induced Nitric oxide synthase and prostaglandin E synthase-1. The results were validated by docking the phytochemical constituents of seagrass namely Isocoumarin, Hexadecanoic acid, and Cis-9 Octadecenoic acid, 1,2 Benzene dicarboxylic acid and beta-sitosterol with TNF-alpha, COX-2, iNOS and PGES-1.

Conclusion
The methanolic extract of seagrass Halophila beccarii is a potential nutraceutical agent for combating against inflammation with a significant anti-inflammatory activity.
Evaluating the effects of comprehensive simulation on central venous catheterization training: a comparative observational study
Authors: Tzamaras Haroula M. , Brown Dailen , Gonzalez-Vargas Jessica , Moore Jason , Miller Scarlett R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Simulation-based training (SBT) is vital to complex medical procedures such as ultrasound guided central venous catheterization (US-IJCVC), where the experience level of the physician impacts the likelihood of incurring complications. The Dynamic Haptic Robotic Trainer (DHRT) was developed to train residents in CVC as an improvement over manikin trainers, however, the DHRT and manikin trainer both only provide training on one specific portion of CVC, needle insertion. As such, CVC SBT would benefit from more comprehensive training. An extended version of the DHRT was created, the DHRT + , to provide hands-on training and automated feedback on additional steps of CVC. The DHRT + includes a full CVC medical kit, a false vein channel, and a personalized, reactive interface. When used together, the DHRT and DHRT + systems provide comprehensive training on needle insertion and catheter placement for CVC. This study evaluates the impact of the DHRT + on resident self-efficacy and CVC skill gains as compared to training on the DHRT alone.

Methods
Forty-seven medical residents completed training on the DHRT and 59 residents received comprehensive training on the DHRT and the DHRT + . Each resident filled out a central line self-efficacy (CLSE) survey before and after undergoing training on the simulators. After simulation training, each resident did one full CVC on a manikin while being observed by an expert rater and graded on a US-IJCVC checklist.

Results
For two items on the US-IJCVC checklist, “verbalizing consent” and “aspirating blood through the catheter”, the DHRT + group performed significantly better than the DHRT only group. Both training groups showed significant improvements in self-efficacy from before to after training. However, type of training received was a significant predictor for CLSE items “using the proper equipment in the proper order”, and “securing the catheter with suture and applying dressing” with the comprehensive training group that received additional training on the DHRT + showing higher post training self-efficacy.

Conclusions
The integration of comprehensive training into SBT has the potential to improve US-IJCVC education for both learning gains and self-efficacy.
Understanding the capacity development of faculty development programs: a sequential explanatory mixed methods study
Authors: Salajegheh Mahla , Sandars John , Mirzazadeh Azim , Gandomkar Roghayeh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundFaculty development programs can bring about both individual and organizational capacity development by enhancing individuals’ attitudes, values, and skillsto enable them to implement organizational change. Understanding how faculty development programs produce capacity development, and the influencing factors, requires further understanding. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of the participants of a faculty development program about the capacity development features of the program and the influencing factors.MethodsA sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used. Faculty members were surveyed about their perspectives on capacity development of faculty development. Subsequently, 22 interviews were conducted with the respondents to deepem understanding of the survey results. Interview transcripts underwent conventional content analysis.ResultsA total of 203 completed the questionnaire. Most of the faculty highly agreed that the faculty development programs had produced capacity development. The combined data identified (a) “quality of faculty development programs”, underscoring the significance of robust and comprehensive initiatives, (b) “development in instruction”, emphasizing the importance of continuous improvement in pedagogical approaches (c) “development in professionalism”, highlighting the necessity for cultivating a culture of professionalism among faculty members, (d) “development in attitude towards education”, emphasizing the role of mindset in fostering effective teaching practices, and (e) “supporting faculty development programs”, with fostering organizational growth and innovation. Important barriers and facilitators of the capacity development process included several organizational, interpersonal, and individual factors.ConclusionThe study identified specific features of the capacity development process in the context of a faculty development program and highlighted the importance of these programs in producing changes in both individuals and within the wider organizational system. Several factors that enabled and constrained the capacity development process were also identified. The findings of the study can inform future implementation of faculty development programs for capacity development.