bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTION OF LEGISLATION ON ADOPTION OF CHILDREN IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Petyukova Oksana 
Published: November 2014

This article discusses the development of legislation on adoption of children in the Russian Federation. Results were obtained from the analysis, in the historical and modern aspects, of the legislation on adoption of children that allows us identify the problems associated with the regulations on the children-orphans adoption in the family.The results of the court statistics demonstrated that almost every second child adopted by Russian citizens is returned to authorized guardianship bodies. However, adoption of children by foreign citizens or non-resident persons shall be allowed only in the cases of absolute impossibility in granting adoption to permanent residents of the Russian Federation or to the children's relatives.The article formulates the improvement tendencies in the adoption legislation of the children: creating a system for an open adoption, simplifying adoption establishment procedures, improving mechanisms in legal, organizational, and psychological support of Russian citizens intending to adopt children.The results will be useful for those who are interested in the process of adoption, lawyers, representatives of the guardianship, and family members.
MEDIA DISCOURSE IN THE CONTEXT OF VALUES STUDY
Authors: Prisyazhnyuk Tatiana , Zilova Elena 
Published: November 2014

In the study of mass communication, there has been much debate as to what extent the media can influence the audience. Instead of merely reviewing existing findings in the field, this article aims at searching for some new aspects to the problem. Previously, the study of Media Discourse was mainly restricted to the role of the media in the context of political or social sphere. This research offers to study the issue within a broader multidisciplinary framework involving such macrostructures as society, the mass media, language, and cognition.The primary objective of the research is to define Media Discourse in the context of the study of values representation. The methods employed in the research are: discourse analysis, linguo-cognitive modeling, componential analysis, and contrastive linguo-cultural analysis. Modern Russian and British media texts were randomly selected for analysis building a corpus of 200 items. In connection with Media Discourse, at least three types of values should be distinguished: discourse values or discourse qualities; values endemic to a particular society, and broadcast by the media in order to cultivate national identity; specific media values generated by certain media, which in many instances can be viewed as “anti-values.” The research findings claim that this trend can be observed both in the Russian and British Media Discourse.
THE IMPACT OF THE ENZYME STEROID 5α-REDUCTASE 2 DEFICIENCY ON UROGENITAL BIRTH DEFECT IN MALES
Authors: Olaru Livia-Irina 
Published: November 2014

This research work on 5α-reductase 2 is aiming to put into evidence how a mutation of the gene codifying for this enzyme can affect the phenotype of different males, leading at a partial female phenotype. This type of research focuses on offering a scientific explanation on different health problems affecting the normal lives of some people, even from early stages of their evolution.The experiment is focused on studying the impact of an enzyme called “steroid 5α-reductase” on the development of male urogenital components during the embryological life. In order to study the steroid 5α-reductase 2 activity, the following procedures were used: isolation of a 5α-reductase 2 gene, genomicDNAisolation, and polymerase chain reactions.Biochemical analysis put into evidence two mutations representing opposite poles of disease manifestation, i.e. feminization of external genitalia versus predominantly male development. It suggested a correlation between clinical expression and severity of the impairment of enzyme function. As mentioned by Imperato-McGinley, Guerrero, Gautier, & Peterson (1974), one of the mutations is called “G196S mutation.” This mutation consists of a serine substitution for a glycine at position 196. In this case, the level of 5α-reductase activity was sufficient to induce partial virilization. The second type of mutation is called “G34R mutation.” This mutation consists of an arginine substitution for glycine at position 34. The G34R enzyme is essentially inactive, thus giving rise to the female phenotype.Mutations in the type 2 gene are responsible for autosomal recessive genetic disease of 5α-reductase deficiency.
REVIEW OF HOSPITAL MANAGER’S COMPETENCIES IN ASTANA
Authors: Umbetzhanova Ayagyoz , Derbissalina Gulmira , Koikov Vitaliy , Karsakbayeva Lyazzat , Nurgaliyeva Nasikhat , Akhmetova Dina , Ibraimova Bibinur , Bekbergenova Zhanagul , Kassimova Dameli 
Published: November 2014

Currently, in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the institution of professional managers and transparent forms of health organizations management, including modern management technologies, are being implemented. Thus, sufficient professional competency of managerial decision-makers should be one of the most important factors in ensuring the development of a national health system and implementation of all current reforms in the industry. This article aims to investigate the high relevance of the evaluation of health care manager’s competencies and the development of measures to improve its level.In this cross-sectional study, we have analyzed managerial competencies of different levels of healthcare managers using a special questionnaire, which was developed by EPOS health management group to assess their competencies. We interviewed 61 managers of different levels. On the basis of feedbacks, core competencies and their possession by hospital managers were identified.At the first stage, respondents were asked to assess the importance of different competencies required for their work activity. All levels of management showed the high practical importance of assessed competencies. Results of the basic level demonstrated a practical importance of competencies ranging from 73% to 85%, the middle-level managers were from 83% to 93%, and senior level results were 97% to 98%. The next stage of the survey was an assessment of respondent’s average level of self-esteem for the competencies they possessed. Mid- level managers showed a higher possession of competencies than other levels, from 56.8% to 70.2%; the basic level was from 46.9% to 59.6%; and senior level was from 41.6% to 54.7%. The questionnaire was designed in a way to highlight the training gaps as the difference between the importance attributed to the command of a given piece of knowledge, competency or skills, and the level of proficiency the managers are demonstrating currently. Finally, the third stage assessed the training required, wherein each management level has their specific training requirements. As research shows, senior managers have the highest level of required training. For senior level, the greatest needs for training are “self-management” and “quality management.” For basic level, trainings are in “HR management” and “quality management.” For middle managers, their training needs are in all domains of management.There is a discrepancy between the required and the actual competencies that different levels of health managers’ have. The largest gap between mandatory and existing competences exists at the basic level, in “Personnel Management.” A gap in the mid-level was in “Information and Financial Management”; and it was in “Quality Management” for the senior level. The proposed questionnaire could help to identify the most important training required to fill these gaps.
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE INFLUENCE OF SUFAN ON MYOCARDIAL METABOLISM IN CASES OF EXPERIMENTAL HEART FAILURE
Authors: Nizhenkovskaya Iryna 
Published: November 2014

This article presents the results of an influence by the new non-glycoside structure, metabolic cardiotonic drug “sufan” on the energetic metabolism and oxidative homeostasis indicators—in myocardium, brain, and spleen of intact rats and rats with adriamycin-induced heart failure. It was established that sufan increased the coefficient of oxidative/reduced forms of nicotinamide coenzymes, reduced the adriamycin, causing deterioration of the energetic metabolism and the pro-oxidative-anti-oxidative homeostasis. The use of the non-glycoside structure cardiotonic drug, sufan, is recommended in order to prevent cardiotoxic effects of the anthracycline antibiotics.
INCREASE IN THE ROLE OF PHARMACIST AS A PROFESSIONAL UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE BOLOGNA SYSTEM IN UKRAINE
Authors: Moskalenko Vitaliy , Nizhenkovskaya Iryna , Welchinska Elena 
Published: November 2014

Countries worldwide are facing similar healthcare problems. Medicine develops new methods for treatment, and pharmaceutical companies invent more efficient products. These technological advances are, however, expensive, and put a double-strain on public healthcare spending: the cost of sophisticated treatment keeps growing, and improved healthcare allows patients to live longer, thus requiring more treatment. Budgetary constraints, however, require government to restrict expenditure. These challenges have to be answered in the context of existing public healthcare systems, which, are well established and complex. Healthcare reforms will necessarily reflect these characteristics, as well as the relative political weight of the partners. Such reforms will most likely affect all partners involved in the provision and healthcare management, including social security institutions (state agencies, sickness funds, etc.), doctors, and other health professionals—pharmacists. Currently one of most important strategic tasks of modernization of the system of higher education in Ukraine is the high quality education provided to pharmacists in order to satisfy the worldwide needs.Whatever specific reform will be adopted, the main goals are to make the system more efficient and, thus, more cost effective; and, because the first aspect will not sufficiently decrease the expenditure, it is necessary to limit the scope of public health care while maintaining a balance of benefits.
Customized action figures: Multi-dimensional fandom and fannish fiction
Authors: Godwin Victoria 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
One-sixth scale action figure customization warrants more extensive cultural analysis, for three reasons. First, action figure fans express their interests in multiple fandoms simultaneously, thus enabling more multi-dimensional analyses within fan studies. This article defines and discusses the action figure fan practices of Mini-Me figures and photostories in order to illustrate fandom’s multi-dimensional nature. Secondly, action figures, especially Mini-Me figures, reveal new aspects to fans’ relationships with transitional objects. Finally, Mini-Me figures and photostory narratives offer a means to address a previously unstudied genre: fannish fiction. ‘Fannish fiction’ includes original narratives produced by fans incorporating frequently multi-dimensional genres, tropes, and so forth popular with fans. However, unlike fan fiction, fannish fiction is not defined by or dependent upon existing mass media texts, characters, narratives, or worlds. This discussion of action figure customization establishes the need both for further examination of this rich fandom, and also for similar examinations of other fandoms and fan practices as well.
COMPORTAMIENTO ESTRUCTURAL DE MUROS DE MAMPOSTERÍA CONFINADA EN ESCALA REDUCIDA CON DUCTILIDAD LOCAL ÓPTIMA
Authors: Navas Carro Alejandro , Sáenz García Alejandra 
Published: November 2014

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es la evaluación del comportamiento estructural de muros de mampostería confinada con ductilidad local óptima, utilizando modelos a escala reducida con un factor de 1/6. Para el diseño de los muros se utilizó el documento Propuesta CSCR 2010 para la nueva versión del Código Sísmico (2009). Los modelos se construyeron y ensayaron en el LanammeUCR. Se diseñaron y construyeron tres muros.Dos de ellos cumpliendo con los requisitos de muros de mampostería confinada con ductilidad local óptima según la Propuesta CSCR 2010 (2009). El tercer muro se construyó sin acero horizontal, para evaluar el aporte de este acero en el comportamiento estructural.Se obtienen los siguientes resultados:Los muros ensayados cumplen con las ductilidades de diseño.Los muros con acero horizontal tienen una falla combinada de flexión y cortante donde predomina la falla por flexión.El muro con acero horizontal tiene una falla combinada de flexión y cortante donde predomina la falla por cortante.Los gráficos de carga-desplazamiento obtenidos para los tres muros ensayados muestran un comportamiento estructural similar.Se verificó la premisa principal de la investigación, los muros ensayados cumplen con las ductilidades requeridas por la Propuesta CSCR 2010 (2009). En cuanto a la evaluación del aporte del acero horizontal en el comportamiento estructural se esperaba encontrar mayores diferencias entre los muros con acero horizontal y el muro sin este tipo de refuerzo, sin embargo solo se encontró un modo de falla diferente.
First record of Muellerius capillaris (Nematoda, Protostrongylidae) in northwestern Argentina
Authors: Suarez V. , Bertoni E. , Micheloud J. , Cafrune M. , Viñabal A. , Quiroga Roger J. , Bassanetti A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Seven flocks of different composition of goat and/or sheep were evaluated for the presence of Muellerius capillaris (Mueller 1889) in sites of different climatic conditions and under different management practices in northwestern Argentina. The nematode was recovered and identified in four goat flocks and two mixed goat and sheep flocks. Three goat flocks and both mixed goat and sheep flocks were located in Lerma Valley (Salta), with the other goat flock located in Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy). M. capillaris was not detected in the Puna of Jujuy (3500 m a.s.l.). First-stage larvae were recovered from fecal samples using the Baermann technique. Lungs from six goats revealed numerous small pulmonary nodules and areas of emphysema, as well as a small number of M. capillaris adults. This is the first report of M. capillaris in Argentina.
Effects of temperature and concentration on mechanism and kinetics of thermally induced deposition from coffee extracts
Authors: Kroslak Marek , Morbidelli Massimo , Sefcik Jan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractProduction of soluble (instant) coffee powders typically involves extraction of roasted coffee by water followed by evaporation in order to concentrate extracts before spray or freeze drying to produce dry coffee powder. In the course of evaporation, deposition of dissolved material from coffee extracts is a major cause of fouling at the heat exchange surfaces of evaporators. Therefore, in order to improve the design and optimization of evaporation processes of coffee extracts, better understanding of the deposition mechanism and kinetics is needed. In this study, optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS) was used to monitor the initial formation of nanometer scale deposits on surfaces exposed to coffee extracts. OWLS measurements were complemented by light scattering from extract solutions, gravimetry of macroscopic deposits, and scanning electron microscopy imaging of deposited layers. Primary molecular-scale layers of about 1 mg m−2 were rapidly formed in the first stage of deposition, even at ambient temperature, followed by the secondary deposition with kinetics strongly dependent on temperature. Secondary deposition rates were low and largely independent of the extract concentration at ambient temperature, but became strongly dependent on the extract concentration at elevated temperatures. In particular, activation energies for the deposition between 25°C and 70°C were much higher for the original extract (13.3 mass %, solids) than for diluted extracts (up to 1.3 mass %, solids). Furthermore, heating of the original extracts above 60°C resulted in rapid aggregation of suspended macromolecules into large clusters, while only gradual aggregation was observed in diluted extracts.
Imaging in lung transplants: Checklist for the radiologist
Authors: Madan Rachna , Chansakul Thanissara , Goldberg Hilary J 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPost lung transplant complications can have overlapping clinical and imaging features, and hence, the time point at which they occur is a key distinguisher. Complications of lung transplantation may occur along a continuum in the immediate or longer postoperative period, including surgical and mechanical problems due to size mismatch and vascular as well as airway anastomotic complication, injuries from ischemia and reperfusion, acute and chronic rejection, pulmonary infections, and post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Life expectancy after lung transplantation has been limited primarily by chronic rejection and infection. Multiple detector computed tomography (MDCT) is critical for evaluation and early diagnosis of complications to enable selection of effective therapy and decrease morbidity and mortality among lung transplant recipients.
MDCT evaluation of potential living renal donor, prior to laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: What the transplant surgeon wants to know?
Authors: Ghonge Nitin P , Gadanayak Satyabrat , Rajakumari Vijaya 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAs Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy (LDN) offers several advantages for the donor such as lesser post-operative pain, fewer cosmetic concerns and faster recovery time, there is growing global trend towards LDN as compared to open nephrectomy. Comprehensive pre-LDN donor evaluation includes assessment of renal morphology including pelvi-calyceal and vascular system. Apart from donor selection, evaluation of the regional anatomy allows precise surgical planning. Due to limited visualization during laparoscopic renal harvesting, detailed pre-transplant evaluation of regional anatomy, including the renal venous anatomy is of utmost importance. MDCT is the modality of choice for pre-LDN evaluation of potential renal donors. Apart from appropriate scan protocol and post-processing methods, detailed understanding of surgical techniques is essential for the Radiologist for accurate image interpretation during pre-LDN MDCT evaluation of potential renal donors. This review article describes MDCT evaluation of potential living renal donor, prior to LDN with emphasis on scan protocol, post-processing methods and image interpretation. The article laid special emphasis on surgical perspectives of pre-LDN MDCT evaluation and addresses important points which transplant surgeons want to know.
Extramedullary plasmacytoma in the carotid space: Expanding the differential diagnosis
Authors: Deshpande Sneha Satish , Kane Shubhada , Arya Supreeta 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPlasma cell neoplasms have been classified into various types, with a range of clinical and radiological presentations. Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a subset of plasma cell neoplasms which presents as an isolated non-osseous soft tissue mass. Though carotid space neoplasms are commonly encountered, EMP in the carotid space is rare and seldom considered in the initial differential diagnosis of a carotid space mass. These tumors can be treated by surgery or radiotherapy. On the other hand, the commonly encountered tumors in the carotid space are treated surgically. Also, it is mandatory to exclude multiple myeloma in the patients presenting with EMP. Hence, accurate and early diagnosis has therapeutic and prognostic implications. We report a rare case of EMP of the carotid space, describing the imaging features and the differential diagnoses with clues pointing to this rare entity.
La directive 2010/63/UE: l’explicite et l’implicite
Authors: Combrisson Hélène 
Published: November 2014

Directive 2010/63/UE : the explicit and the implicit
On september 2010, a new European Directive for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental purposes was signed. It replaces the previous 1986 Directive and represents a significative change in increasing substantially the protection of experimental animals. The changes concern mainly the domain of application, the structure and the management of the animal facilities either breeding colonies or research laboratories. The whole staff should acquire qualifications more finely tuned to their duties. The authorization of projects based on their ethical value is now under control of an administrative process. These modifications impact on ways of functioning in all the establishments with for objective a better consideration of 3R (Reduction, Refinement Replacement) to the advantage of animals. However, their implementation is not always easy to do ; it is essential to find the good compromises to increase the standards of animal protection while protecting the possibility of pursuing a high quality expérimental research in Europe.
A propos d’un nouveau type de toxine botulique
Authors: Popoff Michel-Robert 
Published: November 2014

About a novel type of botulinum toxin
A novel type (type H) of botulinum toxin has been identified, which represents a novel pathology and also novel potential threat for human. The non disclosure of scientific information and non distribution of the novel strain to other expert laboratories raise the question of confidentiality of new sensitive data and security strategy to be developed in the diagnosis and research laboratories regarding the handling of new potentially very virulent pathogens
Problématiques de la nutrition en ophtalmologie – application à la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge
Authors: Brétillon Lionel , Thierry Magalie , Simon Émilie , Acar Niyazi , Bron Alain , Creuzot-Garcher Catherine 
Published: November 2014

Nutrition in ophthalmology – clinical application to age-related macular degeneration
«Let food be your medicine.» This contribution from Hippocrates is still timely addressed, especially in the field of ophthalmology. Observational epidemiology reports close associations between food habits and the risk or prevention of several ocular pathologies such as cataract or Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Anti-oxidant vitamins, minerals and lipids are the nutrients that have been the most widely studied. Interventional epidemiology and experimental works partially corroborated these findings. Unexpectedly, the benefit of long chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of late AMD was not firmly established in Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2). Nevertheless, one should not omit to refer to well established data in this field. Still, further works are needed and warranted, especially for better delineating the role of, not only nutrients but also dietary habits, and gene-nutrients interactions.