bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical management of an ectopic egg in a Timneh African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus timneh)
Authors: Mans Christoph , Sladky Kurt K. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Case Description—A 13-year-old female Timneh African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus timneh) was evaluated because of the presence of a bald patch of skin caudal to the sternum and increased territorial and nesting behavior of 2 weeks' duration.
Clinical Findings—Whole-body radiography revealed a mineralized egg of normal size and shape. However, no oviposition occurred, and the bird had no signs consistent with dystocia. After 7 days, repeated radiography revealed that the egg had rotated by approximately 180° along its short axis, leading to a diagnosis of ectopic egg retention, which was supported by the results of ultrasonography.
Treatment and Outcome—Surgical removal of the ectopic egg was performed by means of a ventral midline approach 14 days after administration of leuprolide acetate (800 μg/kg [364 μg/lb], IM). No intracoelomic abnormalities, such as coelomitis or oviductal disease, were diagnosed, and the bird recovered without complications. Physical examination and whole-body radiography at 8 months and a follow-up phone call with the owner at 16 months after surgical treatment revealed no evidence of ectopic egg recurrence or reproductive behavior.
Clinical Relevance—Clinical management of ectopic egg retention differs considerably from treatment of intraoviductal egg binding. Therefore, careful evaluation of avian patients with radiographic evidence of egg binding should be performed to avoid possible iatrogenic deterioration of the patient's condition, secondary to inappropriate treatment attempts such as hormonal induction of oviposition or attempts to remove the retained egg via the cloaca. Repeated radiography and ultrasonography and close monitoring of the patient's general condition as well as the lack of clinical signs consistent with dystocia will facilitate the diagnosis of ectopic egg retention.
Babesia equi–induced anemia in a Quarter Horse and subsequent regulatory response
Authors: Beard Laurie A. , Pelzel Angela M. , Rush Bonnie R. , Wright Abra M. , Galgut Bradley I. , Hennager Steven G. , King Alison O. , Traub-Dargatz Josie L. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Case Description—A 7-year-old Quarter Horse gelding used for unsanctioned racing was examined because of fever and anorexia.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Results of a CBC indicated anemia and mild thrombocytopenia. Results of microscopic examination of a blood smear indicated piroplasms in erythrocytes, consistent with Babesia spp. Regulatory authorities were contacted, and results of serologic testing at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories confirmed acute Babesia equi infection.
Treatment and Outcome—Equids on the home premises of the index horse were placed under quarantine. Those equids were tested for piroplasmosis, and 6 of 63 horses had positive results for B equi. Another horse that had previously been housed on the index premises also had positive results for B equi. Competent tick vectors for piroplasmosis organisms were not identified. All 8 horses with piroplasmosis were Quarter Horses that participated in unsanctioned racing and were trained by the same person. Two of the horses were illegally removed from the index premises; these 2 horses and the other horse with piroplasmosis that was previously housed on the index premises could not be found. The other 5 horses with piroplasmosis were euthanized. Investigators concluded that transmission of B equi among horses was most likely iatrogenic.
Clinical Relevance—The United States has been considered piroplasmosis free. However, veterinarians should consider piroplasmosis in horses with signalments and clinical signs similar to those of the index horse of this report. Regulatory authorities should be contacted regarding horses in which piroplasmosis is suspected.
Le droit international humanitaire protège-t-il assez la dignité des femmes? L'exemple du conflit israélo-palestinien
Authors: Frattina Katy Sakina 
Published: March 2013

RésuméComment définir et protéger la dignité de la femme en période de conflit armé? Cette étude tentera de saisir les enjeux et dilemmes du droit à la dignité et des questions de diversité en droit international humanitaire, en prenant pour exemple le conflit israélo-palestinien. L'auteure proposera une autre approche possible du droit à la dignité, celle-ci étant, dans le cadre légal du droit international humanitaire, essentiellement associée à la sexualité de la femme. Cette approche permettra d'engager plus avant des débats occultés par les diversités sociales en périodes de guerre.
Regulating Indian and Chinese Civic Identities In British Columbia's “Colonial Contact Zone,” 1858–1887
Authors: Good Reginald 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWhen British Columbia was founded in 1858, the colonial regime classified Indians as savage, on the anthropological scale of civilization, and then imposed on them civilizing tactics designed to create semi-civilized British subjects. By the 1860s the colonial regime feared that the growing presence of Chinese immigrants, whom they initially classified as semi-civilized on the anthropological scale of civilization, would subvert this objective. They therefore disempowered Chinese through the imposition of de-civilizing tactics designed to create barbarian aliens. By 1887 these combined civilizing and de-civilizing tactics had resulted in the reclassification of Indians as semi-civilized and of Chinese as barbarian.
The Tunnel at the End of the Light? A Critical Analysis of the Development of the Tri-Council Policy Statement
Authors: Onyemelukwe Cheluchi , Downie Jocelyn 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn 1998, the three major government funding councils put in place the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS) to regulate all research involving humans in Canada conducted at institutions funded by the councils. This article examines the process of developing the TCPS, a historic and very important document in Canada's research ethics landscape, and the application of the democratic values of legitimacy, transparency, representation, accountability, and community engagement in that process. The authors argue that efforts were made to ensure basic democratic values in the process but that these attempts should have been taken farther. This examination is a timely exercise in light of the new draft now being prepared to replace the current version of the TCPS. The authors also consider this ongoing process of establishing a new edition and reflect on lessons to be learned.
How Jean-Guy Belley Thinks: A Translator's Note
Authors: Kasirer Nicholas 
Published: March 2013

Why has Quebec proved such a fertile ground for the study of legal pluralism over the last generation? It is not that formalism in law is any less tenacious in Quebec than elsewhere, or that the state-made law is held in lower esteem. If anything, the fabled cult of enactment that characterizes modern civilian methodology has been exacerbated in the run-up to the adoption of the Civil Code of Québec and the twenty years since that moment. The mixed nature of Quebec legal sources, given that mixité is seen as much as a historical fact as the basis for a way of knowing law, cannot explain the wealth of scholarly attention devoted to diversity in law. Whether Quebec's brand of pluralism for law comes from factors such as linguistic and cultural diversity, an ongoing contact with Aboriginal law, or a special experience with religious law is a matter of ongoing speculation. But in the final analysis, it is not unfair to think that legal pluralism has flourished in Quebec because of the work of a handful of imaginative scholars who have invested their talent in this intellectual project.Professor Jean-Guy Belley is plainly one of their number. His work as a theorist of legal pluralism is celebrated in Quebec and well read in France. Yet his prodigious scholarly output is less well known elsewhere in Canada, where that work would likely be understood to have special relevance. Indeed, over the past ten or so years, Professor Belley has placed increasing emphasis on Anglo-American legal scholarship and common-law sources in his teaching and thinking about law. The translation of the foregoing essay has therefore been prepared at once as a respectful homage to a friend and colleague and in the hope that, in a modest way, it might encourage a wider readership for his important work.
Custom Made—For a Non-chirographic Critical Legal Pluralism
Authors: Macdonald Roderick A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractContemporary shifts in legal pluralism theory (from weak, intra-state pluralism to strong, extra-state pluralism and from socio-scientific tocriticallegal pluralism) have raised important new questions about law as a normative phenomenon. This article argues for the significance of implicit and inferential legal norms. It begins by considering a movement of thought—evangelicalism—that subordinates the implicit and informal to the explicit and authorized. The essay then outlines the principal features of a non-chirographic legal pluralism and explores how regimes of written rules are consistently made over by those whose conduct they are presumptively meant to govern.
Contrats et internormativité, de Saguenay à Dakar
Authors: Paquin Julie 
Published: March 2013

RésuméCet article présente les résultats d'une étude empirique des pratiques contractuelles des petites et moyennes entreprises de la région de Dakar, Sénégal, dans une perspective de pluralisme juridique. La notion d'internormativité développée par Jean-Guy Belley dans le cadre de son étude sur les relations entre Alcan et ses fournisseurs est utilisée pour questionner la centralité du droit étatique dans les rapports d'affaires et le développement économique ainsi que la conceptualisation du rapport entre normes formelles et informelles privilégiée par la Banque mondiale pour les pays en voie de développement.
Le «nouveau pluralisme juridique» de Belley: ancien paradigme dans l'archéologie du droit islamique?
Authors: Amor Samia 
Published: March 2013

RésuméBelley propose le paradigme du «nouveau pluralisme juridique» comme un autre mode de pensée et de penser le droit. Cette conception du droit s'éloigne de l'approche dissidente adoptée par le pluralisme juridique originel. Elle introduit une touche subversive: le «nouveau pluralisme juridique» se pose comme une idéologie de substitution à la conception moniste du droit. Une perspective qui contribue à l'élaboration d'une compréhension personnelle du droit islamique. Elle ouvre la possibilité d'explorer autrement les sources du droit islamique édifié dès le VIIèmesiècle de l'E.C. et de saisir l'interaction entre le religieux et le juridique à l'interface du politique. L'hypothèse avancée est que le paradigme du pluralisme juridique est au fondement du droit islamique. L'approche de Belley constitue une voie de compréhension des limites d'une construction d'un droit caractérisé comme religieux.
Conscientiser les individus au droit: la construction sociale des besoins et demandes juridiques
Authors: Lejeune Aude 
Published: March 2013

RésuméSi la socialisation juridique et la conscience du droit des individus font l'objet de nombreuses études contemporaines en psychologie sociale comme en sociologie du droit, peu de travaux portent sur la construction sociale complexe des besoins et demandes de services juridiques. Loin d'être une question rhétorique, elle renvoie à plusieurs définitions concurrentes des rapports entre les juristes et leur public et justifie par là même l'offre de services juridiques en place. Dans cet article, je montrerai que les politiques d'accès au droit et à la justice ambitionnent aujourd'hui, en France, de replacer l'usager au cœur du dispositif, ce qui implique que celui-ci soit en mesure de qualifier en termes juridiques la situation qu'il vit et de formuler une demande de droit. La conscientisation des individus au droit se trouve ainsi interrogée dans un contexte de libéralisation croissante des politiques sociales.
The Need for Flexible and Adaptive Research in an Environment of Diverse Barriers to Accessing Data
Authors: Spivakovsky Claire 
Published: March 2013

There is concern among socio-legal scholars about the relationship that has formed between scholarly research and public policy. Pat Carlen contends that in the case of criminology, this relationship sees scholars increasingly struggle to maintain their critical capacity. The problem, according to Carlen, is that scholars trying to increase research output through partnership with policy makers often find this partnership hinges on an agreement that any research produced will conform to the parameters of the policy makers' needs. Furthermore, when scholars do not seek partnership with policy makers, they may face political hurdles in gaining access to institutional data. Scholars may be required to demonstrate the direct policy relevance of their research before policy makers will consider the type and extent of access granted. These kinds of barriers to data access have the potential to adversely impact the critical merit of socio-legal scholarship.This paper employs my own research as a case study to explore some of the foundations for socio-legal scholars' concerns about the appearance and impact of barriers to institutional data. My research aimed to explore how correctional agencies approach the offender rehabilitation principle of responsivity in relation to Indigenous offenders. Contemporary correctional literature states that to be responsive, correctional agencies must identify variances among offenders that may affect the delivery and reception of programs. Significantly, however, it is unclear what, if anything, correctional agencies should do to accommodate variances once identified. Accordingly, I sought access to correctional agencies to interview staff working in the areas of Indigenous offender rehabilitation policy and service who could elaborate on their agencies' approach to Indigenous offender responsivity. Agencies in four jurisdictions were approached. In seeking access to this institutional data, I encountered two main barriers that impacted the scope and direction of the project in unexpected ways.
Accessing Democracy: The Critical Relationship between Academics and the Access to Information Act
Authors: Kazmierski Vincent 
Published: March 2013

Parliament recognized the fundamental importance of protecting access to government information when it enacted the federal Access to Information Act. When the Act came into force on Canada Day 1983, Canada was just one of a handful of countries to have legislative protection of access to government information. Now, 27 years later, over 80 countries across the globe have enacted some form of access to information legislation.Although the world has followed Canada's lead in recognizing the importance of protecting access to government information, Canada has “fallen behind” (to borrow the descriptor used by journalist and author Stanley Tromp) and may even be “backsliding” (in the words of Laura Neuman of the Carter Center). What has gone wrong with the federal access regime? Why should legal studies scholars care? I address these questions in this article. I start by outlining the symbiotic role between academics and access to government information. I then identify three key factors that have contributed to the decline of the federal access regime: administrative resistance, legislative degeneration, and political indifference. Finally, I close by briefly discussing three ways in which scholars can continue to work to protect and promote access to information in Canada.Academics and AccessAcademics took the lead in advocating for access to government information in the 1960s and 1970s in Canada. One of the earliest advocates was Donald C. Rowat, a professor of Political Science at Carleton University. In a 1965 article entitled “How Much Administrative Secrecy?”, he summarized the key arguments in favour of protecting access to government information, writing
Parliament and the public cannot hope to call the government to account without an adequate knowledge of what is going on; nor can they hope to participate in the decision-making process and contribute their talents to the formation of policy and legislation if that process is hidden from view.
Access to Information (ATI) as a Double-Edged Sword for Critical Policing Research
Authors: Rigakos George S. , Worth Stephen R. 
Published: March 2013

In perhaps no other area of scholarship is access to information (ATI) legislation as contentious and the stakes so high as in policing and security research. Although ATI has become an important mechanism by which researchers have been able to analyse security and police practices, there remain significant legislative barriers preventing access. A decade after 9/11, the need for increased scrutiny of government agencies tasked with security and policing remains high, as is evident from the proliferation of public and private policing, the advance of a general societal risk aversion, and the now ubiquitous nature of state security and surveillance. In this article we offer first-hand accounts that highlight the institutional imbalances between police organizations and researchers, and consider the potential long-term effects of ATI in this area of scholarship. ATI legislation in Canada is increasingly becoming both a tool for researchers to penetrate policing organizations and also a weapon with which security institutions can stymie critical inquiry.The significant amount of Canadian ATI research that has stemmed from national security scholars shows the difficulties faced in this field when attempting to exercise the “right to know.” The strident lack of transparency within security and policing institutions tips the balance of access versus secrecy towards the latter, under the ever-present assumption that secrecy equals security. However, this area of research plays an important role in political discourse by fostering public dialogue and raising awareness of questionable and illegal security practices. As Larsen points out, we have seen ATI used recently to shed light on politicized security issues such as the Arar Inquiry, the campaign to repatriate Abousfian Abdelrazik, and, most recently, the Afghan detainee transfer scandal.
Introduction: Residential Schools and Decolonization
Authors: Nagy Rosemary , Sehdev Robinder Kaur 
Published: March 2013

“Home” to more than 150,000 children from the 1870s until 1996, the residential school system was aimed at “killing the Indian in the child” and assimilating First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children into white settler society. It was, in short, a genocidal policy, operated jointly by the federal government of Canada and the Catholic, Anglican, United, and Presbyterian Churches. Children as young as four years old were torn from their families and placed in institutions that were chronically underfunded; mismanaged; inadequately staffed; and rife with disease, malnutrition, poor ventilation, poor heating, neglect, and death. Sexual, emotional, and physical abuse was pervasive, and it was consistent policy to deny children their languages, their cultures, their families, and even their given names. While some children may have had positive experiences, many former students have found themselves caught between two worlds: deprived of their languages and traditions, they were left on their own to handle the trauma of their school experience and to try to readapt to the traditional way of life that they had been conditioned to reject. Life after residential school has been marred for many by alcohol and substance abuse, cycles of violence, suicide, anger, hopelessness, isolation, shame, guilt, and an inability to parent.First Nations leader Phil Fontaine catalysed the struggle for redress in 1990 when he stunned Canada by speaking about his residential-school experience. The second major catalyst was the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP) of 1991–1996, which broadly exposed the horrors of residential schools to Canadians and called for a public inquiry.
Instructive Past: Lessons from the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples for the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission on Indian Residential Schools
Authors: Hughes Jula 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOver time, the Canadian state has used a variety of mechanisms to address its troubled relationship with its indigenous population, the most prominent of which so far was the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP). RCAP was mandated to develop both a constitutional framework and a comprehensive social-welfare policy. Staffed predominantly with constitutional lawyers, it articulated a sophisticated constitutional theory, which was not implemented, and did little to ameliorate the living conditions of Aboriginal people. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission on Indian Residential Schools (TRC), while arising from the settlement of a national class action, can be seen as a successor commission to RCAP. It follows in the procedural footprints of RCAP in a number of ways, including in the profile of its key appointments. This article argues that looking back at the successes and failures of RCAP can be instructive for the TRC as it carries out its mandate, allowing us to predict some areas that will be particularly challenging. In these areas, the TRC will require a departure from the RCAP blueprint if it is to achieve the ambitious goals of a TRC in a non-transitional-justice context.
Unsettling Cures: Exploring the Limits of the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement
Authors: Green Robyn 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBuilding on a cultural studies framework, this article addresses the implementation of the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement by cataloguing specific reconciliatory events, public forums, and media coverage that occurred in 2010. Revealing the contradictory nature of Canada's reconciliation project, the author situates the IRSSA within a larger infrastructure of policies and procedures that have limited Indigenous nationhood and autonomy in the Canadian settler society. Specifically, this article identifies a need to trouble categories of trauma and victimhood that may engender outcomes ofcure, which ultimately constitute a foreclosure on the past in Canada's reconciliation process. While therapeutic language is less apparent in the IRSSA, the author suggests, it is still deployed under the guise of closure and “settlement.”
Cameras as clocks
Authors: Welty Ethan Z. , Bartholomaus Timothy C. , O’Neel Shad , Tad Pfeffer W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractConsumer-grade digital cameras have become ubiquitous accessories of science. Particularly in glaciology, the recognized importance of short-term variability has motivated their deployment for increasingly time-critical observations. However, such devices were never intended for precise timekeeping, and their use as such needs to be accompanied by appropriate management of systematic, rounding and random errors in reported image times. This study describes clock drift, subsecond reporting resolution and timestamp precision as the major obstacles to precise camera timekeeping, and documents the subsecond capability of camera models from 17 leading manufacturers. We present a complete and accessible methodology to calibrate cameras for absolute timing and provide a suite of supporting scripts. Two glaciological case studies serve to illustrate how the methods relate to contemporary investigations: (1) georeferencing aerial photogrammetric surveys with camera positions time-interpolated from GPS tracklogs; and (2) coupling videos of glacier-calving events to synchronous seismic waveforms.