bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcapital osteotomy of the femoral neck for patients with healed slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Authors: Bali K. , Railton P. , Kiefer G. N. , Powell J. N. 
Published: November 2014

We report the clinical and radiological outcome of subcapital osteotomy of the femoral neck in the management of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) resulting from a healed slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). We believe this is only the second such study in the literature.We studied eight patients (eight hips) with symptomatic FAI after a moderate to severe healed SCFE. There were six male and two female patients, with a mean age of 17.8 years (13 to 29).All patients underwent a subcapital intracapsular osteotomy of the femoral neck after surgical hip dislocation and creation of an extended retinacular soft-tissue flap. The mean follow-up was 41 months (20 to 84). Clinical assessment included measurement of range of movement, Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis score (WOMAC). Radiological assessment included pre- and post-operative calculation of the anterior slip angle (ASA) and lateral slip angle (LSA), the anterior offset angle (AOA) and centre head–trochanteric distance (CTD). The mean HHS at final follow-up was 92.5 (85 to 100), and the mean WOMAC scores for pain, stiffness and function were 1.3 (0 to 4), 1.4 (0 to 6) and 3.6 (0 to 19) respectively. There was a statistically significant improvement in all the radiological measurements post-operatively. The mean ASA improved from 36.6° (29° to 44°) to 10.3° (5° to 17°) (p < 0.01). The mean LSA improved from 36.6° (31° to 43°) to 15.4° (8° to 21°) (p < 0.01). The mean AOA decreased from 64.4° (50° to 78°) 32.0° (25° to 39°) post-operatively (p < 0.01). The mean CTD improved from -8.2 mm (-13.8 to +3.1) to +2.8 mm (-7.6 to +11.0) (p < 0.01). Two patients underwent further surgery for nonunion. No patient suffered avascular necrosis of the femoral head.Subcapital osteotomy for patients with a healed SCFE is more challenging than subcapital re-orientation in those with an acute or sub-acute SCFE and an open physis. An effective correction of the deformity, however, can be achieved with relief of symptoms related to impingement.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1441–8.
Radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of cartilaginous lesions in the long bones
Authors: Dierselhuis E. F. , van den Eerden P. J. M. , Hoekstra H. J. , Bulstra S. K. , Suurmeijer A. J. H. , Jutte P. C. 
Published: November 2014

Atypical cartilaginous tumours are usually treated by curettage. The purpose of this study was to show that radiofrequency ablation was an effective alternative treatment.We enrolled 20 patients (two male, 18 female, mean age 56 years (36 to 72) in a proof-of-principle study. After inclusion, biopsy and radiofrequency ablation were performed, followed three months later by curettage and adjuvant phenolisation. The primary endpoint was the proportional necrosis in the retrieved material. Secondary endpoints were correlation with the findings on gadolinium enhanced MRI, functional outcome and complications.Our results show that 95% to 100% necrosis was obtained in 14 of the 20 patients. MRI had a 91% sensitivity and 67% specificity for detecting residual tumour after curettage. The mean functional outcome (MSTS) score six weeks after radiofrequency ablation was 27.1 (23 to 30) compared with 18.1 (12 to 25) after curettage (p < 0.001). No complications occurred after ablation, while two patients developed a pathological fracture after curettage.We have shown that radiofrequency ablation is capable of completely eradicating cartilaginous tumour cells in selective cases. MRI has a 91% sensitivity for detecting any residual tumour. Radiofrequency ablation can be performed on an outpatient basis allowing a rapid return to normal activities. If it can be made more effective, it has the potential to provide better local control, while improving functional outcome.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1540–5.
The outcome at ten years of lateral closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Howells N. R. , Salmon L. , Waller A. , Scanelli J. , Pinczewski L. A. 
Published: November 2014

The aim of this study was to examine the functional outcome at ten years following lateral closing wedge high tibial osteotomy for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee and to define pre-operative predictors of survival and determinants of functional outcome.164 consecutive patients underwent high tibial osteotomy between 2000 and 2002. A total of 100 patients (100 knees) met the inclusion criteria and 95 were available for review at ten years. Data were collected prospectively and included patient demographics, surgical details, long leg alignment radiographs, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and Knee Society scores (KSS) pre-operatively and at five and ten years follow-up.At ten years, 21 patients had been revised at a mean of five years. Overall Kaplan–Meier survival was 87% (95% confidence interval (CI) 81 to 94) and 79% (95% CI 71 to 87) at five and ten years, respectively. When compared with unrevised patients, those who had been revised had significantly lower mean pre-operative WOMAC Scores (47 (21 to 85) vs 65 (32 to 99), p < 0.001), higher mean age (54 yrs (42 to 61) vs 49 yrs (26 to 66), p = 0.006) and a higher mean BMI (30.2; 25 to 39 vs 27.9; 21 to 36, p = 0.005). Each were found to be risk factors for revision, with hazard ratios of 10.7 (95% CI 4 to 28.6; pre-operative WOMAC < 45), 6.5 (95% CI 2.4 to 17.7; age > 55) and 3.0 (95%CI 1.2 to 7.6; BMI > 30). Survival of patients with pre-operative WOMAC > 45, age < 55 and BMI < 30 was 97% at five and ten years. WOMAC and KSS in surviving patients improved significantly between pre-operative (mean 61; 32 to 99) and five (mean 88; 35 to 100, p = 0.001) and ten years (mean 84; 38 to 100, p = 0.001). Older patients had better functional outcomes overall, despite their higher revision rate.This study has shown that improved survival is associated with age < 55 years, pre-operative WOMAC scores > 45 and, a BMI < 30. In patients over 55 years of age with adequate pre-operative functional scores, survival can be good and functional outcomes can be significantly better than their younger counterparts. We recommend the routine use of pre-operative functional outcome scores to guide decision-making when considering suitability for high tibial osteotomy.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1491–7.
The anteroposterior axis of the tibia in Korean patients undergoing total knee replacement
Authors: Kim C. W. , Seo S. S. , Kim J. H. , Roh S. M. , Lee C. R. 
Published: November 2014

The aim of this study was to find anatomical landmarks for rotational alignment of the tibial component in total knee replacement (TKR) in a CT-based study. Pre-operative CT scanning was performed on 94 South Korean patients (nine men, 85 women, 188 knees) with osteoarthritis of the knee joint prior to TKR. The tibial anteroposterior (AP) axis was defined as a line perpendicular to the femoral surgical transepicondylar axis and passing through the centre of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The angles between the defined tibial AP axis and anatomical landmarks at various levels of the tibia were measured. The mean values of the angles between the defined tibial AP axis and the line connecting the anterior border of the proximal third of the tibia to the centre of the PCL was -0.2° (-17 to 14.1, sd 4.1). This was very close to the defined tibial axis, and remained so regardless of lower limb alignment and the degree of tibial bowing. Therefore, AP axis defined as described, is a reliable anatomical landmark for rotational alignment of tibial components.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:1485–90.
Use of broth cultures peri-operatively to optimise the microbiological diagnosis of musculoskeletal implant infections
Authors: Blackmur J. P. , Tang E. Y. H. , Dave J. , Simpson A. H. R. W. 
Published: November 2014

We compared the use of broth culture medium for samples taken in theatre with the standard practice of placing tissue samples in universal containers. A total of 67 consecutive patients had standard multiple samples of deep tissue harvested at surgery and distributed equally in theatre either to standard universal containers or to broth culture medium. These samples were cultured by direct and enrichment methods. The addition of broth in theatre to standard practice led to an increase in sensitivity from 83% to 95% and an increase in negative predictive value from 77% to 91%. Placing tissue samples directly into broth in the operating theatre is a simple, inexpensive way to increase the sensitivity of cultures from infected patients, and does not appear to compromise the specificity of these cultures.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1566–70.
Clinical outcome following conversion of Girdlestone’s resection arthroplasty to total hip replacement
Authors: Garcia-Rey E. , Cruz-Pardos A. , Madero R. 
Published: November 2014

A total of 31 patients, (20 women, 11 men; mean age 62.5 years old; 23 to 81), who underwent conversion of a Girdlestone resection-arthroplasty (RA) to a total hip replacement (THR) were compared with 93 patients, (60 women, 33 men; mean age 63.4 years old; 20 to 89), who had revision THR surgery for aseptic loosening in a retrospective matched case-control study. Age, gender and the extent of the pre-operative bone defect were similar in all patients. Mean follow-up was 9.3 years (5 to 18). Pre-operative function and range of movement were better in the control group (p = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively) and pre-operative leg length discrepancy (LLD) was greater in the RA group (p < 0.001). The post-operative clinical outcome was similar in both groups except for mean post-operative LLD, which was greater in the study group (p = 0.003). There was a significant interaction effect for LLD in the study group (p < 0.001). A two-way analysis of variance showed that clinical outcome depended on patient age (patients older than 70 years old had worse pre-operative pain, p = 0.017) or bone defect (patients with a large acetabular bone defect had higher LLD, p = 0.006, worse post-operative function p = 0.009 and range of movement, p = 0.005), irrespective of the group. Despite major acetabular and femoral bone defects requiring complex surgical reconstruction techniques, THR after RA shows a clinical outcome similar to those obtained in aseptic revision surgery for hips with similar sized bone defects. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1478–84.
A comparison of the simplified olecranon and digital methods of assessment of skeletal maturity during the pubertal growth spurt
Authors: Canavese F. , Charles Y. P. , Dimeglio A. , Schuller S. , Rousset M. , Samba A. , Pereira B. , Steib J-P. 
Published: November 2014

Assessment of skeletal age is important in children’s orthopaedics. We compared two simplified methods used in the assessment of skeletal age. Both methods have been described previously with one based on the appearance of the epiphysis at the olecranon and the other on the digital epiphyses. We also investigated the influence of assessor experience on applying these two methods. Our investigation was based on the anteroposterior left hand and lateral elbow radiographs of 44 boys (mean: 14.4; 12.4 to 16.1 ) and 78 girls (mean: 13.0; 11.1 to14.9) obtained during the pubertal growth spurt. A total of nine observers examined the radiographs with the observers assigned to three groups based on their experience (experienced, intermediate and novice). These raters were required to determined skeletal ages twice at six-week intervals. The correlation between the two methods was determined per assessment and per observer groups. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) evaluated the reproducibility of the two methods. The overall correlation between the two methods was r = 0.83 for boys and r = 0.84 for girls. The correlation was equal between first and second assessment, and between the observer groups (r ≥ 0.82). There was an equally strong ICC for the assessment effect (ICC ≤ 0.4%) and observer effect (ICC ≤ 3%) for each method. There was no significant (p < 0.05) difference between the levels of experience. The two methods are equally reliable in assessing skeletal maturity. The olecranon method offers detailed information during the pubertal growth spurt, while the digital method is as accurate but less detailed, making it more useful after the pubertal growth spurt once the olecranon has ossified. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;3:1556–60
Classification of failure of limb salvage after reconstructive surgery for bone tumours
Authors: Henderson E. R. , O’Connor M. I. , Ruggieri P. , Windhager R. , Funovics P. T. , Gibbons C. L. , Guo W. , Hornicek F. J. , Temple H. T. , Letson G. D. 
Published: November 2014

Previous classification systems of failure of limb salvage focused primarily on endoprosthetic failures and lacked sufficient depth for the effective study of the causes of failure. In order to address these inadequacies, the International Society of Limb Salvage (ISOLS) formed a committee to recommend revisions of the previous systems. The purpose of this study was to report on their recommendations. The modifications were prepared using an earlier, evidence-based model with subclassification based on the existing medical literature. Subclassification for all five primary types of failure of limb salvage following endoprosthetic reconstruction were formulated and a complementary system was derived for the failure of biological reconstruction. An additional classification of failure in paediatric patients was also described.Limb salvage surgery presents a complex array of potential mechanisms of failure, and a complete and precise classification of types of failure is required. Earlier classification systems lacked specificity, and the evidence-based system outlined here is designed to correct these weaknesses and to provide a means of reporting failures of limb salvage in order to allow the interpretation of outcome following reconstructive surgery.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1436–40.
Necrotising soft-tissue infections of the upper limb
Authors: Uehara K. , Yasunaga H. , Morizaki Y. , Horiguchi H. , Fushimi K. , Tanaka S. 
Published: November 2014

Necrotising soft-tissue infections (NSTIs) of the upper limb are uncommon, but potentially life-threatening. We used a national database to investigate the risk factors for amputation of the limb and death. We extracted data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database on 116 patients (79 men and 37 women) who had a NSTI of the upper extremity between 2007 and 2010. The overall in-hospital mortality was 15.5%. Univariate analysis of in-hospital mortality showed that the significant variables were age (p = 0.015), liver dysfunction (p = 0.005), renal dysfunction (P < 0.001), altered consciousness (p = 0.049), and sepsis (p = 0.021). Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated with death in hospital were age over 70 years (Odds Ratio (OR) 6.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 28.2; p = 0.011) and renal dysfunction (OR 15.4; 95% CI 3.8 to 62.8; p < 0.001). Univariate analysis of limb amputation showed that the significant variables were diabetes (p = 0.017) mellitus and sepsis (p = 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the factors related to limb amputation were sepsis (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5 to 24.0; p = 0.013) and diabetes mellitus (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 21.1; p = 0.038). For NSTIs of the upper extremity, advanced age and renal dysfunction are both associated with a higher rate of in-hospital mortality. Sepsis and diabetes mellitus are both associated with a higher rate of amputation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1530–4.
Can pain and function be distinguished in the Oxford Hip Score in a meaningful way?
Authors: Harris K. K. , Price A. J. , Beard D. J. , Fitzpatrick R. , Jenkinson C. , Dawson J. 
Published: November 2014

Objective The objective of this study was to explore dimensionality of the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and examine whether self-reported pain and functioning can be distinguished in the form of subscales. Methods This was a secondary data analysis of the UK NHS hospital episode statistics/patient-reported outcome measures dataset containing pre-operative OHS scores on 97 487 patients who were undergoing hip replacement surgery. Results The proposed number of factors to extract depended on the method of extraction employed. Velicer’s Minimum Average Partial test and the Parallel Analysis suggested one factor, the Cattell’s scree test and Kaiser-over-1 rule suggested two factors. Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the two-factor OHS had most of the items saliently loading either of the two factors. These factors were named ‘Pain’ and ‘Function’ and their respective subscales were created. There was some cross-loading of items: 8 (pain on standing up from a chair) and 11 (pain during work). These items were assigned to the ‘Pain’ subscale. The final ‘Pain’ subscale consisted of items 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. The ‘Function’ subscale consisted of items 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, with the recommended scoring of the subscales being from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.855 for the ‘Pain’ subscale and 0.861 for the ‘Function’ subscale. A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the two-factor model of the OHS had a better fit. However, none of the one-factor or two-factor models was rejected. Conclusion Factor analyses demonstrated that, in addition to current usage as a single summary scale, separate information on pain and self-reported function can be extracted from the OHS in a meaningful way in the form of subscales. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:305–9.
Professional women’s thoughts about sustainable clothing: Eco-fashion goes business?
Authors: Eifler Christine 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article discusses the significant role of sustainable consumption in postmodern societies and the apparent ‘sustainable fashion gap’ in the priorities of consumers who are interested in sustainable issues in Germany. Drawing on the opinions of female academic employees from universities and managers from the private sector, this article will outline why consumers in Germany do not award sustainable clothing the same status as products in use in daily life in terms of sustainability. In the academic debate a negative image of eco-clothing, which developed in the 1970s, is considered to be responsible for such situation. The previous eco-clothing won a reputation by consumers as unfashionable and an ‘eco-frumpy-look’ and influenced its acceptance negatively. In spite of ecological textile innovations and the expansion of clothing ranges, consumption of sustainable clothing has not generally improved in recent decades. The survey fleshes out that the current low acceptance of sustainable fashion is not due to a supposedly negative image of ecological fashion but because of structural problems within the production and consumption processes as well as an inadequate product range which does not take gender constructs into account. The old clichés of eco-clothing no longer apply, but there are new problems relevant to the production and consumption of sustainable clothing. The article discusses furthermore the representation of sustainable clothing in the catalogues and fashion magazines of sustainable producers.
Mesencephalic GABA neuronal development: no more on the other side of oblivion
Authors: Li Suyan , Joshee Sampada , Vasudevan Anju 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMidbrain GABA neurons, endowed with multiple morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics as well as projection patterns are key players interacting with diverse regions of the brain and capable of modulating several aspects of behavior. The diversity of these GABA neuronal populations based on their location and function in the dorsal, medial or ventral midbrain has challenged efforts to rapidly uncover their developmental regulation. Here we review recent developments that are beginning to illuminate transcriptional control of GABA neurons in the embryonic midbrain (mesencephalon) and discuss its implications for understanding and treatment of neurological and psychiatric illnesses.
Telocytes revisited
Authors: Cretoiu Sanda M. , Popescu Laurentiu M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTelocytes (TCs) are a novel interstitial (stromal) cell type described in many tissues and organs (www.telocytes.com). A TC is characterized by a small cell body (9–15 μm) and a variable number (one to five) of extremely long and thin telopodes (Tps), with alternating regions of podomers (∼80 nm) and podoms (250–300 nm). Tps are interconnected by homo- and heterocellular junctions and form three-dimensional networks. Moreover, Tps release three types of extracellular vesicles: exosomes, ectosomes, and multivesicular cargos, which are involved in paracrine signaling. Different techniques have been used to characterize TCs, from classical methods (light microscopy, electron microscopy) to modern ‘omics’. It is considered that electron microscopy is essential for their identification, and CD34/PDGFRα double immunohistochemistry can orientate the diagnosis. Functional evidence is accumulating that TCs may be intimately involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and renewal by short- and long-distance intercellular communication. This review focuses on the most recent findings regarding TC features and locations and the principal hypotheses about their functions in normal and diseased organs. TC involvement in regenerative medicine is also considered.
Open-source, high-throughput ultrasound treatment chamber
Authors: Yddal Torstein , Cochran Sandy , Gilja Odd Helge , Postema Michiel , Kotopoulis Spiros 
Published: November 2014

AbstractStudying the effects of ultrasound on biological cells requires extensive knowledge of both the physical ultrasound and cellular biology. Translating knowledge between these fields can be complicated and time consuming. With the vast range of ultrasonic equipment available, nearly every research group uses different or unique devices. Hence, recreating the experimental conditions and results may be expensive or difficult. For this reason, we have developed devices to combat the common problems seen in state-of-the-art biomedical ultrasound research. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and characterisation of an open-source device that is easy to manufacture, allows for parallel sample sonication, and is highly reproducible, with complete acoustic calibration. This device is designed to act as a template for sample sonication experiments. We demonstrate the fabrication technique for devices designed to sonicate 24-well plates and OptiCell™ using three-dimensional (3D) printing and low-cost consumables. We increased the pressure output by electrical impedance matching of the transducers using transmission line transformers, resulting in an increase by a factor of 3.15. The devices cost approximately €220 in consumables, with a major portion attributed to the 3D printing, and can be fabricated in approximately 8 working hours. Our results show that, if our protocol is followed, the mean acoustic output between devices has a variance of <1%. We openly provide the 3D files and operation software allowing any laboratory to fabricate and use these devices at minimal cost and without substantial prior know-how.
Results of first proficiency test for KRAS testing with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell lines in China
Authors: Zhang Rui , Han Yanxi , Huang Jie , Ma Liang , Li Yulong , Li Jinming 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLaboratory testing forArtificial FFPE samples were prepared from cultured cell lines to construct a proficiency panel of 10 samples covering eightThe percentages of mutant