bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Present-day Concept of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Givner Isador 
Published: December 2014

The interpretation of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy has changed so much in the past twenty-five years that it is of interest to consider how and why this volution has occurred. In part the method of sectioning retinas on the flat and the newer staining and injection procedures have given a better picture of the vascular changes. In addition, ophthalmologists have always tried to determine whether findings in related specialties have an application to their problems, and thus advances made in pathology in general have suggested to thinkers in ophthalmology the possibility of applying such knowledge to their own field. We are indebted for much of our present-day concept of diabetic retinopathy to Friedenwald, Becker, Rich, McManus, Ballantyne, Loewenstein, and Ashton.
In recent years diabetic retinopathy has been on the increase, and if we are to get at the basic cause we must seek the reasons for the vascular involvement that is the basis of its development. The lengthening in life expectancy and the stress of present-day living probably do contribute to the increased incidence of visual loss, but if we are to gain in the prevention of blindness from diabetes we must try to remove or neutralize the fundamental pathology; namely, the involvement of the capillaries and venules which is the beginning of the trouble.
The characteristic vascular lesion of diabetic retinopathy consists of great numbers of minute saccular aneurysms in the retinal capillaries. Often the aneurysms are hyalinized. Two possibilities come to mind in regard to their formation: increased capillary pressure or histochemical changes that allow for the development of these aneurysms. In regard to the former, Friedenwald noted in studying histologic specimens of diabetic retinopathy that localized retinal venous occlusions were associated with abundant newly formed capillary collaterals. Aneurysms were not seen in these newly formed vessels, suggesting that increased capillary pressure is not in itself sufficient to cause the aneurysmal dilations.
Prosthetic Technics in the Aftercare of Diabetic Gangrene
Authors: Downie Ewen , O'Connor Maida 
Published: December 2014

This paper describes an appliance, modified from the original design of Charlesworth, which in our hands has found particular application to problems which have arisen from the conservative management of infection or gangrene in the feet of diabetic patients. These are complications of an aging population which has suffered peculiar nervous and vascular damage ofttimes for years before any typical symptoms or signs of trouble develop.
In recent years the introduction of antibiotic drugs has provided a choice of potent weapons to combat infections which previously were impossible to control except by drastic and radical surgery. In consequence conservative surgical procedures may now be undertaken which, without the help of these drugs, would still be unthinkable. It is important to realize that the treatment of the traumatic injuries of youth or early adult life differs sharply from that of the elderly diabetic. In the young adult loss of a leg below the knee can be almost completely compensated by the fitting of an adequate artificial limb, but in our experience very few patients over the age of sixty years will tolerate an artificial leg satisfactorily. This being so, a crutch is an inadequate and precarious substitute for a human limb. One fall from inexperience and the patient, losing confidence, prefers to spend the rest of his life in a wheel chair.
Combined Insulin-Sulfonylurea Therapy in Treatment of NIDDM
Authors: Groop Leif C , Groop Per-Henrik , Stenman Svante 
Published: December 2014

For the past few years, interest has focused on the combination of insulin and sulfonylurea in the search for effective treatments for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients who fail on oral hypoglycemic agents. Although several studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of such therapy in NIDDM patients, the average effect is small and is observed in only about half of the patients. However, there are several problems with most previous studies, including small sample size, selection of patients, and simultaneous use of several end points. First, residual β-cell function has been considered to be a prerequisite for a beneficial effect of combination therapy.
Therefore, most studies have failed to demonstrate improved glycemic control after adding sulfonylurea to insulin therapy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Inclusion of patients with impaired β-cell function will therefore attenuate the effect of combination therapy. Second, most studies have used glycemic control as an end point. Nevertheless, the insulin dose has been reduced by 20–30% to avoid hypoglycemia after adding sulfonylurea to insulin. Thus, the comparison has been made between treatments with a smaller insulin dose with sulfonylurea and a larger insulin dose without sulfonylurea. The patient most likely to benefit from combination therapy is slightly obese, has had NIDDM for a relatively short period, and has preserved β-cell function. In such a patient, combined insulin-sulfonylurea therapy predominantly stimulates basal insulin secretion, resulting in more effective suppression of hepatic glucose production and lower fasting plasma glucose. The side effects are few, most notably more frequent but mild hypoglycemic reactions.
occupational Therapy Diabetic Program
Authors: Budurowich Maria , Lofton William 
Published: December 2014

Considerable attention, in terms of money and research, is given to diseases such as cancer and heart disease. When attention is focused on the diagnosis of diabetes by the medical/paramedical world, it tends to center on the understanding of the biochemical process and hopeful cures of the disease. This aspect is indeed crucial, but attention should also be given to the effects inherent in this diagnosis which have tremendous impact on the individuals' ability to accomplish the tasks required by their life-style/role. For example, there is the housewife who cannot satisfactorily perform her chores because she is blind and there is a numbness in her hands. In order to enable her to more adequately and satisfactorily perform, she needs education and training in homemaking skills as well as an increased activity level. As can be noted, the daily self-care, work, and leisure activities that make up an individual's occupational role are seriously affected by diabetes. These patients can become more aware of their own personal resources to prevent and to combat the tolls of the disease with proper early education and training. An early therapeutic program can and should more realistically direct the patient's personal attention to “What can I do to assist in my treatment? What can I do to prevent complications in the future?”
With this in mind, an Occupational Therapy Diabetic Program has been developed. The program is designed to enhance the knowledge of diabetic patients to the extent that they know, through verbalization and demonstration, the practical application of basic principles that will allow for more independence in their occupational role.
Improvement of Microgrid Dynamic Performance under Fault Circumstances using ANFIS for Fast Varying Solar Radiation and Fuzzy Logic Controller for Wind System
Authors: Izadbakhsh Maziar , Rezvani Alireza , Gandomkar Majid 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The microgrid (MG) technology integrates distributed generations, energy storage elements and loads. In this paper, dynamic performance enhancement of an MG consisting of wind turbine was investigated using permanent magnet synchronous generation (PMSG), photovoltaic (PV), microturbine generation (MTG) systems and flywheel under different circumstances. In order to maximize the output of solar arrays, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique was used by an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS); also, control of turbine output power in high speed winds was achieved using pitch angle control technic by fuzzy logic. For tracking the maximum point, the proposed ANFIS was trained by the optimum values. The simulation results showed that the ANFIS controller of grid-connected mode could easily meet the load demand with less fluctuation around the maximum power point. Moreover, pitch angle controller, which was based on fuzzy logic with wind speed and active power as the inputs, could have faster responses, thereby leading to flatter power curves, enhancement of the dynamic performance of wind turbine and prevention of both frazzle and mechanical damages to PMSG. The thorough wind power generation system, PV system, MTG, flywheel and power electronic converter interface were proposed by using Mat-lab/Simulink.
A Performance Study on Synchronous and Asynchronous Update Rules for A Plug-In Direct Particle Swarm Repetitive Controller
Authors: Ufnalski Bartlomiej , Grzesiak Lech M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper two different update schemes for the recently developed plug-in direct particle swarm repetitive controller (PDPSRC) are investigated and compared. The proposed approach employs the particle swarm optimizer (PSO) to solve in on-line mode a dynamic optimization problem (DOP) related to the control task in the constant-amplitude constant-frequency voltage-source inverter (CACF VSI) with an LC output filter. The effectiveness of synchronous and asynchronous update rules, both commonly used in static optimization problems (SOPs), is assessed and compared in the case of PDPSRC. The performance of the controller, when synthesized using each of the update schemes, is studied numerically.
Triassic-Jurassic Flora of Poland; Floristical Support of Climatic Changes
Authors: Barbacka Maria , Pacyna Grzegorz , Feldman-Olszewska Anna , Ziaja Jadwiga , Bodor Emese 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Plant macroremains from five boreholes in Poland were studied. Two of them (Huta OP-1 and Studzianna) from the northern margin of the Holy Cross Mountains, yielded several taxa. In the other three boreholes determinable fos-sil plants were sporadic, albeit important. Most of the taxa from the Huta OP-1 and Studzianna boreholes are typi-cal of the European Early Jurassic (Hettangian and Sinemurian). Both localities, although close to one another, show incertae sedis, Desmiophyllum harrisii phytes and conifers (a new species incertae sedis, Desmiophyllum harrisii Barbacka et Pacyna is herein proposed), which would suggest rather wet and warm conditions. This flora is typical of the European Province of the Euro-Sinian Region. In Studzianna the Siberian elements dominate, gymnosperms, mainly Czekanowskiales, which in-dicate a drier and colder environment. The palaeobotanical data correspond to the results of clay mineral studies, in particular the kaolinite/illite ratio in the source formations. The kaolinite content confirms a decrease in temperature and a reduction in rainfall in the late Early Hettangian and the latest Hettangian in the area.
Cyclic Groups Obtained as Quotient Hypergroups
Authors: Mousavi S.Sh. , Leoreanu-Fotea V. , Jafarpour M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We introduce a strongly regular equivalence relation ρ*A on the hypergroup H, such that in a particular case the quotient is a cyclic group. Then by using the notion of ρ*A-parts, we investigate the transitivity condition of ρA. Finally, a characterization of the derived hypergroup Dc(H) has been considered.
Electrospun Thermoplastic Polyurethane Mats Containing Naproxen– Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex
Authors: Akduman Çiğdem , Özgüney Işık , Akçakoca Kumbasar E. Perrin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Incorporation of cyclodextrins (CDs) into electrospun nanofibrous materials can be considered as potential candidates for functional medical textile applications. Naproxen (NAP) is a type of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly administered for the treatment of pain, inflammation and fever. Drug-inclusion complex formation with CDs is an approach to improve the aqueous solubility via molecular encapsulation of the drug within the cavity of the more soluble CD molecule. In this study, NAP or different NAP-CD inclusion complexes loaded nanofibres were successfully produced through electrospinning and characterised. The inclusion complex loaded mats exhibited significantly faster release profiles than NAP-loaded thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) mats. Overall, NAP-inclusion complex loaded TPU electrospun nanofibres could be used as drug delivery systems for acute pain treatments since they possess a highly porous structure that can release the drug immediately.
Modeling and computation of heterogeneous implicit solvent and its applications for biomolecules
Authors: Chen Duan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract Description of inhomogeneous dielectric properties of a solvent in the vicinity of ions has been attracting research interests in mathematical modeling for many years. From many experimental results, it has been concluded that the dielectric response of a solvent linearly depends on the ionic strength within a certain range. Based on this assumption, a new implicit solvent model is proposed in the form of total free energy functional and a quasi-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation (QPBE) is derived. Classical Newton’s iteration can be used to solve the QPBE numerically but the corresponding Jacobian matrix is complicated due to the quasi-linear term. In the current work, a systematic formulation of the Jacobian matrix is derived. As an alternative option, an algorithm mixing the Newton’s iteration and the fixed point method is proposed to avoid the complicated Jacobian matrix, and it is a more general algorithm for equation with discontinuous coefficients. Computational efficiency and accuracy for these two methods are investigated based on a set of equation parameters. At last, the QPBE with singular charge source and piece-wisely defined dielectric functions has been applied to analyze electrostatics of macro biomolecules in a complicated solvent. A set of computational algorithms such as interface method, singular charge removal technique and the Newtonfixed- point iteration are employed to solve the QPBE. Biological applications of the proposed model and algorithms are provided, including calculation of electrostatic solvation free energy of proteins, investigation of physical properties of channel pore of an ion channel, and electrostatics analysis for the segment of a DNA strand.
The Influence of Tool Composite's Structure During Process of Diamond Grinding of Ceramic Materials
Authors: Gawlik Józef , Niemczewska-Wójcik Magdalena , Krajewska Joanna , Sokhan Serghej V. , Paščenko E.A. , Žuk T.S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the results of the tests performed during the grinding process of the ceramic materials: – polycrystalline ceramics (Zirconium ZrO2) and mono-crystalline ceramics (sapphire α-Al2O3) by the diamond tools. Studies have shown that the concentration (thickening) of the tool composite changes the tool's pore structure when using suitable wetted adamantine additives. Such modified composite has positive impact on tribological properties of the subsurface layer of the machined components. This is manifested by the reduction of the surface roughness and reduction of the vibration amplitude of the coefficient of friction. The possibilities of the positive effects when using wetted additives on the tool's composite during the pressing (briquetting) stage confirm the study results.
L'autel du Saint-Sépulcre de Biron et le tombeau de l'évêque Armand de Gontaut
Authors: Sangouard Antoinette , Sangouard Jacques 
Published: December 2014

L'autel du Saint-Sépulcre de Biron et la tombe de l'évêque Armand de Gontaut, par Antoinette et Jacques Sangouard.
La chapelle du château de Biron en Périgord dont le Saint-Sépulcre et la Pietà, sont conservés au Metropolitan Museum de New York ne possède plus de son mobilier du XVe siècle que deux tombeaux. Un examen attentif de celui de l'évêque Armand de Gontaut révèle des anomalies importantes. Cette constatation, complétée par l'étude des documents figurés du XIXe siècle et de copies, permet de penser que ce tombeau est le résultat d'une restauration consécutive aux destructions révolutionnaires. Recomposé dans l'esprit des tombeaux factices d'A. Lenoir et de Du Mège, il comprend deux éléments hétérogènes : le gisant issu du tombeau d'origine et le sarcophage constitué de bas-reliefs de l'autel qui accompagnait le Sépulcre, autel orné de figures de Vertus comme à, Anet et Écouen.
Les châteaux médiévaux du Haut-Bassin de l'Orb (Hérault), étude archéologique
Authors: Journot Florence 
Published: December 2014

Médieval castles in the upper basin of the Orb River (Hérault). An archaeological study, by Florence Journot.
The Upper basin of the Orb River, in the mountainous région of the northern Hérault, is traversed by a Valley that serves as a passage of secondary importance by comparison to Languedoc. During the late tenth Century and on through the eleventh, while some local « chief tains » remained, as they had always been ofncially, dépendants of the viscounts of Beziers, others were granted the right to establish themselves in high, almost impregnable locations. Their castles are cha- racterized by rapid exécution and an adaptation to the exigencies inhérent in the nature of the sites. They are composed of a few rectangular, adjoining rooms, or even simply a single hall. The majority of the castles studied in the région crop up at the end of the eleventh and during the twelfth century. At this time the sites are in lower régions and the castles are more elaborate : most are made of one or two lodgings built up against an outer wall,leaving a court-yard free. Successive patrimonial subdivisions impoverished families, and in the end the seigneurial lands were « reunited » in the hands of two or three of the most powerful barons. From the thirteenth to the fîfteenth century, castle construction becomes mucb more specialized (outposts for levying tolls or for surveillance) ; they are no longer the baronial seats. It is the town or the rieh piain of nearby Beziers that attracts the seigneury.
Messire Jehan Le Viste, chevalier, seigneur d'Arcy, et sa tenture au lion et à la licorne
Authors: Vaivre Jean-Bernard de 
Published: December 2014

Herr Jehan Le viste, Ritter, Herr von Arcy, und sein Löwen- und Einhornteppich, von Jean-Bernard de Vaivre.
Der Verfasser gibt zuerst einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Arbeiten, der letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahre, die die Teppichreihe des Cluny-Museums betreffen, er unterstreicht dabei den Beitrag jeder einzelnen und auch die Fragen, die noch offenbleiben. Er beweist somit das besondere Interesse des Artikels von Sophie Schneebalg-Perelman von 1967 und das der Arbeiten, die zehn Jahre später von Alain Erlande-Brandenburg veröffentlicht worden sind ; als erster hat dieser den heraldischen Charakter der Teppichreihe hervorgehoben und hat die Elemente gesammelt, die darauf hinweisen, dass die Dame mit Löwe und Einhorn ein Auftrag des im Jahre 1500 verstorbenen Präsidenten des Steueramtes Jean (IV) Le Viste ist.
Eine jüngere Arbeit von Geneviève Souchal hat die Frage aufgeworfen, ob die Le Viste den Gebrauch von Beizeichen für die jüngeren Familienmitglieder beachteten. Jean Bernard "de Vaivre zeigt dass Jean III Le Viste im Jahre 1446 die auf den Teppichen dargestellten Wappen benutzt, aber mit einem Beizeichen. Dies Zeugnis macht die These zunichte, die behauptete, dass die Embleme der Teppiche von Cluny von den Le Viste erst nach dem Erwerb der Teppiche angenommen worden seien. Ausserdem hat man verschiedene Lakten verzeichnen können : die Titulatur, die von Jean Le Viste in seinen Akten und sogar bis zu seiner Grabklinge gebraucht worden sind, seine Testamentsbestimmungen, vor allem die, die den Wiederaufbau der Kapelle von Vindecy betreffen, wo man noch Glasfensterfragmente und Konsolen mit den von zwei Löwen getragenen Emblemen des Jean IV Le Viste sehen kann. Jean Le Viste hatte übrigens in seinem Haus in der Nähe von Arcy sein Wappen häufig angebracht, an verschiedenen Stellen geschnitzt (manchmal von zwei Löwen getragen), oder auch mit Modeln in die Fussbodenkacheln eingedruckt.
Der Verfasser vergleicht schliesslich verschiedene Züge des Baues von Arcy mit der Gruppe der kirchlichen Bauten die in der Prosptei von Ambierle, im Westen von Arcy, von Antoine de Balsac errichtet worden sind, dieser war der Onkel von Geoffroy de Balsac, der Jeanne Le Viste, Tochter des Jean IV, sieben Jahre vor dem Tod dieses letzteren geheiratet hatte, dies weist darauf hin, dass die Umbauten von Arcy zwischen 1490 und 1500 ausgeführt worden sind, d. i. in der wahrscheinlichen Austragszeit der Teppiche,
Rôle du mamanais dans les interactions avec les bébés à devenir autistique
Authors: Cassel Raquel 
Published: December 2014

Cet article décrit la démarche employée par notre équipe de recherche pour démontrer l’implication du parentais au cours des interactions parent-enfant. Le manque d’appétence sociale des bébés qui présenteront plus tard un syndrome autistique, déjà démontré dans plusieurs études, nous a amené à postuler l’hypothèse d’une spirale interactive négative : leur faible réponse aux incitations de leurs parents pourrait appauvrir la production de parentais . Cette diminution, de plus en plus significative au fil du temps, pourrait en retour renforcer le retrait et le retard dans l’acquisition du langage. Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons participé au développement de méthodes computationnelles pour l’analyse des inter­actions précoces parents-bébé dans les films familiaux. Les deux études réalisées nous ont permis de conclure que le parentais était significativement associé aux réactions des bébés aux sollicitations parentales, que les parents des bébés qui plus tard ont développé un syndrome autistique présentaient des sollicitations plus intenses et riches en parentais . Aussi, que les pères de bébés qui développeront plus tard un syndrome autistique parlent plus à leurs bébés que les pères des bébés typiques, et que les vocalisations des pères étaient associées aux réponses type intersubjective et des comportements actifs des bébés qui ont développé un syndrome autistique.
Une petite lumière sur le soin précoce
Authors: Allione Marie 
Published: December 2014

Il s’agit du début d’un travail de psychothérapie avec un bébé, âgé de 8 mois, et ses parents. Ce bébé montrait tous les signes d’engagement dans un processus autistisant. Ce premier temps de la thérapie est passé par une phase de « réanimation psychique » et de réalimentation de la rêverie des parents. Le codage du moindre signe fut interprété comme une adresse à l’autre, le thérapeute et les parents, le couplage de la voix et du regard ont permis la remise en route du circuit de la pulsion. Au bout de deux ans cette petite fille garde des particularités mais elle est entrée dans le langage, elle peut construire de petites histoires, ses relations avec les adultes et les enfants s’enrichissent et elle a démarré une scolarité ordinaire.