bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire behavior of regular and latent heat storage gypsum boards
Authors: Kontogeorgos D. A. , Mandilaras I. D. , Founti M. A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis paper investigates the fire behavior of a regular and an energy storage gypsum board with latent heat storage characteristics when exposed to fire temperatures. Gypsum board samples, with and without a microencapsulated paraffin mixture phase change material, are studied at material and board level. At the material level, measurements of the physical properties, that is, mass and effective thermal conductivity, as a function of temperature, as well as differential scanning calorimetry experiments, in inert and oxidized environments, are performed. At the board level, specimens are inserted into a preheated oven, and the temperature evolution at preselected board locations is recorded. Both experimental procedures reveal significant information concerning the evolution of the various thermochemical processes taking place inside the gypsum boards during their heating. Results indicated the different fire behavior of the samples at different temperature ranges. At temperatures up to 300°C, the materials act as a fire retardant because of the dehydration of the free and chemically bound water contained in the gypsum boards. On the other hand, at temperatures higher than 300°C, the temperature rise within the samples is enhanced and accelerated because of the oxidation of the phase change material and their external finishing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transoral laser microsurgery for T1a glottic cancer: Review of 404 cases
Authors: Canis Martin , Ihler Friedrich , Martin Alexios , Matthias Christoph , Steiner Wolfgang 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundVarious therapeutic options exist for treatment of T1a glottic squamous cell cancer (SCC). Radiotherapy (RT) has been favored over surgical excision. This has been challenged by transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) showing low morbidity and good functional results.MethodsA retrospective chart review was carried out. Patients with untreated T1a glottic SCC were included in the study. Endpoints were locoregional control, overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and absolute rate of larynx preservation.ResultsFour hundred four patients were included in this study. Five‐year Kaplan–Meier estimates were: local control 86.8%, overall survival 87.8%, disease‐specific survival 98.0%, recurrence‐free survival 76.1%, and larynx preservation 97.3%. The complication rate was 1%; the majority of patients had either normal or mildly dysphonic voices.ConclusionLow complication rates, excellent functional outcome, and high rates of organ preservation favor TLM. In agreement with the literature, TLM should be the treatment of choice for patients presenting with T1a glottic SCC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 889–895, 2015
Repair of Protein Radicals by Antioxidants
Authors: Domazou Anastasia S. , Gebicki Janusz M. , Nauser Thomas , Koppenol Willem H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn vivo, proteins are the main targets for radicals and other reactive species. Their reactions result in formation of amino acid radicals on the protein surface that often yield tryptophan and tyrosyl radicals or, in the presence of O2, protein peroxyl radicals and hydroperoxides. All these species may propagate damage to biomolecules. Low molecular weight antioxidants, such as ascorbate, urate, and glutathione, are part of the defense system and function by repairing damaged proteins. We briefly review the existing knowledge about protein and amino acid radicals and their repair by antioxidants, including results of our investigations. The main question addressed is whether the antioxidants ascorbate, urate, and glutathione are able to repair amino acid radicals in model compounds and in proteinsin vitroby pulse radiolysis. We show that ascorbate and urate repair tryptophan and tyrosyl radicals efficiently and inhibit proton‐coupled electron transfer from tyrosine residues to tryptophan radicals in a number of proteins. In contrast, repair by glutathione is much slower. Ascorbate also rapidly reduces the peroxyl radicals of theN‐acetylamide derivatives of glycine, alanine, and proline, whereas glutathione reduces peroxyl radicals in lysozyme.In vivourate, ascorbate, and glutathione may prevent biological damage or, at least, reduce its rate, because they: (a) repair tryptophan and tyrosyl radicals in proteins and (b) reduce protein peroxyl radicals to the corresponding protein hydroperoxides. Most likely,in vivo, ascorbate and glutathione do not inhibit the reaction of C‐centered amino acid radicals with O2. Glutathione is less efficient that urate and ascorbate in repairing protein radicals; furthermore, the resulting glutathiyl radical is harmful. Ascorbate may be the more important repair agent in cells and tissues characterized by high ascorbate concentrations, such as the lens and brain; urate may be mainly responsible for repair in tissue compartments with higher urate concentrations, such as in plasma and saliva.
Remediation of soil contaminated by NAPLs using modified Fenton reagent: application to gasoline type compounds
Authors: Pardo Fernando , Rosas Juana M , Santos Aurora , Romero Arturo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDA modified Fenton reaction was used for the remediation of a soil polluted with ethylbenzene (EB), a toxic compound in gasoline. Fe(III) and trisodium citrate were used as catalyst and chelating agent, respectively. pH remained near‐neutral during the process. Contaminant, chelating agent, oxidant and iron in solution were monitored at all times. A comparison between slurry (aqueous‐organic and soil phases) and liquid systems (aqueous‐organic phases) was carried out.RESULTSEB conversion increased as H2O2/EB ratios rose, for a given EB concentration. Furthermore, the contaminant conversion was decreased as the EB concentration increased, at a fixed H2O2/EB ratio. This indicates that the reaction takes place in the aqueous phase, with the oxidation rate limited by the EB concentration in this phase. The presence of soil produces a better contact between phases, enhancing EB transport from the organic to the aqueous phase. As EB was oxidized in the aqueous phase, the toxicity of this phase decreased, because non‐toxic oxidation byproducts were obtained. The chelant was oxidized, but not totally mineralized. This chelant oxidation produces precipitation of the catalyst from the aqueous phase.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest the suitability of modified Fenton reaction to remediate contaminated soils with non‐aqueous phase liquids. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Electro‐Fenton decolourization of dyes in batch mode by the use of catalytic activity of iron loaded hydrogels
Authors: Bocos Elvira , Pazos Marta , Sanromán Maria Angeles 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDElectro‐Fenton technology has demonstrated great potential for the degradation of recalcitrant organic contaminants in polluted wastewaters. In this technology, the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is catalysed by the presence of iron, and powerful oxidants, hydroxyl radicals, are generated. However, there is concern over the reduction of iron released in the treated effluent. Therefore, retention of catalyst is required, and advances in electro‐Fenton heterogeneous catalysis are necessary. In this study, the use of polyacrylamide hydrogel was evaluated as a support for the iron, and the performance of the catalyst (Fe‐PH) developed was assayed in the electro‐Fenton degradation of two dyes, Reactive Black 5 and Blue Sella Solid.RESULTSFirst, the synthesis of Fe‐PH catalyst was studied. The results showed that the loaded hydrogel with a mixture of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in 1:2 molar ratio reached the highest decolourization efficiency. The performance of the optimized Fe‐PH catalyst was evaluated in the decolourization of the selected dyes. These studies demonstrated the satisfactory performance of electro‐Fenton using Fe‐PH catalyst as well as its reusability.CONCLUSIONIn summary, the Fe‐PH catalyst developed gives the promise of wastewater treatment by means of an electro‐Fenton process. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetic analysis and biodegradability of the Fenton mineralization of bisphenol A
Authors: Rivero Maria J. , Alonso Elia , Dominguez Sara , Ribao Paula , Ibañez Raquel , Ortiz Inmaculada , Irabien Angel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work reports the kinetic and biodegradability analysis of bisphenol A (BPA) Fenton oxidation. An experimental study was carried out within the variables H2O2/Fe (II)/BPA in the range 10/3/1 to 50/3/1 and at temperatures of 25–70°C. Kinetics of the environmental parameters dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analysed.RESULTSThe concentration of H2O2 and the temperature have a strong influence on the kinetics of Fenton mineralization of BPA. Working at 70°C, the measured DOC values matched that calculated using the measured organic acids, which demonstrates that the oxidation reactions proceeded at a sufficient rate to form organic acids. Moreover, as BPA solutions are not easily biodegradable, the biodegradability of the solution during Fenton oxidation was studied by means of respirometry assays, evaluating the short‐term biochemical oxygen demand (BODst)/COD ratio.CONCLUSIONSThe kinetic models proposed are capable of predicting the rate of H2O2 consumption and the oxidation of DOC and COD as a function of the temperature. Under the process conditions tested the treated effluents increased their biodegradability, facilitating compatibility with further biological treatment. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Antifatigue properties of dragonfly Pantala flavescens wings
Authors: Li Xiu‐Juan , Zhang Zhi‐Hui , Liang Yun‐Hong , Ren Lu‐Quan , Jie Meng , Yang Zhi‐Gang 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe wing of a dragonfly is thin and light, but can bear high frequent alternating stress and present excellent antifatigue properties. The surface morphology and microstructure of the wings of dragonfly Pantala flavescens were observed using SEM in this study. Based on the biological analysis method, the configuration, morphology, and structure of the vein were studied, and the antifatigue properties of the wings were investigated. The analytical results indicated that the longitudinal veins, cross veins, and membrane of dragonfly wing form a optimized network morphology and spacially truss‐like structure which can restrain the formation and propagation of the fatigue cracks. The veins with multilayer structure present high strength, flexibility, and toughness, which are beneficial to bear alternating load during the flight of dragonfly. Through tensile‐tensile fatigue failure tests, the results were verified and indicate that the wings of dragonfly P. flavescens have excellent antifatigue properties which are the results of the biological coupling and synergistic effect of morphological and structural factors. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:356–362, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chambered cuticle, pellicles, strange sensilla, and extraordinary muscle arrangements: A study of the micropterigid larval trunk (Lepidoptera: Micropterigidae)
Authors: Dupont Steen T.K. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe larvsal trunk wall ofSabatinca chalcophanes(Meyrick, 1885), representing the “sabatincoid morphotype,” is described (brightfield and polarization microscopies, scanning and transmission electron microscopies). Eight sensillum types are identified, including four previously undescribed subventral and ventral kinds. The cuticle is nonsolid, the exocuticle being chambered in a honeycomb‐like fashion with chamber walls apparently secreted along epidermal cells boundaries. The chamber contents open to the exterior via minute pores in the chamber roofs. A space between endo and exocuticle communicates with the chamber interiors via pores in the chamber floors; the dense endocuticular surface in places form thickened domes. On the lower trunk region, lateral chamber walls are highly porous (lattice like), hence their contents are continuous; individual chamber roofs here are markedly convex, and the external trunk surface, therefore, papillate. The trunk surface is more or less completely covered by a pellicle, likely formed by exudates from the exocuticular chambers. Unusually for Lepidoptera all trunk muscles are slender strands covering a modest proportion of the inner trunk surface. Conspicuous insertion “nodes” are located at lateral and ventral segmental boundaries, ventromedially near segmental midlengths, and paramedially on the dorsum behind segmental midlengths. Overall similar cuticular specializations are also present in the distantly relatedMicropterix, strongly supporting micropterigid monophyly. J. Morphol. 275:797–821, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing cosmetic results after breast conserving surgery
Authors: Cardoso Maria João , Oliveira Helder , Cardoso Jaime 
Published: March 2014

Abstract“Taking less treating better” has been one of the major improvements of breast cancer surgery in the last four decades. The application of this principle translates into equivalent survival of breast cancer conserving treatment (BCT) when compared to mastectomy, with a better cosmetic outcome. While it is relatively easy to evaluate the oncological results of BCT, the cosmetic outcome is more difficult to measure due to the lack of an effective and consensual procedure. The assessment of cosmetic outcome has been mainly subjective, undertaken by a panel of expert observers or/and by patient self‐assessment. Unfortunately, the reproducibility of these methods is low. Objective methods have higher values of reproducibility but still lack the inclusion of several features considered by specialists in BCT to be fundamental for cosmetic outcome. The recent addition of volume information obtained with 3D images seems promising. Until now, unfortunately, no method is considered to be the standard of care. This paper revises the history of cosmetic evaluation and guides us into the future aiming at a method that can easily be used and accepted by all, caregivers and caretakers, allowing not only the comparison of results but the improvement of performance. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:37–44. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diffusion microscopic MRI of the mouse embryo: Protocol and practical implementation in the splotch mouse model
Authors: Norris Francesca C. , Siow Bernard M. , Cleary Jon O. , Wells Jack A. , De Castro Sandra C.P. , Ordidge Roger J. , Greene Nicholas D.E. , Copp Andrew J. , Scambler Peter J. , Alexander Daniel. C. , Lythgoe Mark F. 
Published: March 2014

PurposeAdvanced methodologies for visualizing novel tissue contrast are essential for phenotyping the ever‐increasing number of mutant mouse embryos being generated. Although diffusion microscopic MRI (μMRI) has been used to phenotype embryos, widespread routine use is limited by extended scanning times, and there is no established experimental procedure ensuring optimal data acquisition.MethodsWe developed two protocols for designing experimental procedures for diffusion μMRI of mouse embryos, which take into account the effect of embryo preparation and pulse sequence parameters on resulting data. We applied our protocols to an investigation of the splotch mouse model as an example implementation.ResultsThe protocols provide DTI data in 24 min per direction at 75 μm isotropic using a three‐dimensional fast spin‐echo sequence, enabling preliminary imaging in 3 h (6 directions plus one unweighted measurement), or detailed imaging in 9 h (42 directions plus six unweighted measurements). Application to the splotch model enabled assessment of spinal cord pathology.ConclusionWe present guidelines for designing diffusion μMRI experiments, which may be adapted for different studies and research facilities. As they are suitable for routine use and may be readily implemented, we hope they will be adopted by the phenotyping community. Magn Reson Med 73:731–739, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the originalwork is properly cited.
‘Getting there’: the impact of structured insulin management education in a high ethnic mix population with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Fairfield Jane , Amin Sayjal , James June 
Published: March 2014

AbstractStructured education programmes support and enable people with diabetes to develop self‐management skills. Insulin management central to DAFNE is restricted to those with type 1 diabetes of at least six months' duration and on multiple dose regimens. DESMOND is available for all with type 2 diabetes but does not include guidance on how to self‐manage diabetes with insulin.Our aims were to develop an education programme for people with type 1 or 2 diabetes already on insulin and who may be using a variety of insulin regimens, to enable effective self‐management, improve confidence, reduce hypoglycaemia and enable peer group support.An evidence‐based curriculum, developed in line with NICE principles, was piloted. This consisted of three half‐day sessions held during a one‐month period with up to 10 participants and supporters invited to attend. Four further programmes were held; education was tailored to the individual needs of groups and verbal evaluation was undertaken. Anonymised patient satisfaction questionnaires were posted at programme completion. Audit included clinical data, demographics, patient satisfaction and health care professional assessment of content.There were 40 participants over five courses; 20% (n=8) were type 1, 68% (n=27) were male, average age was 58 years (range 35–82 years), and 55% were South Asian (n=22). In 38 of 40 participants where a recorded pre‐ and three months post‐intervention was available, an average HbA1c reduction of 1.18% was achieved – i.e. 9.02% reduced to 7.84% (75.1mmol/mol reduced to 62.2mmol/mol). Twenty‐five participants (62.5%) returned the survey form: 96% (24/25) said diabetes control improved, and all felt more confident to adjust insulin; 96% (23/24) felt more confident to treat ‘hypos’ (one stated ‘hypos’ had not reduced) and 96% (24/25) felt they learned more by attending the programme.This programme met participants' individual needs, increased confidence in insulin management and improved glycaemic control in a high ethnic mix poulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons. Practical Diabetes 2014; 31(2): 54–57
Management of diabetes within a secure environment
Authors: Booles Keith 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMany people situated in a wide variety of environments are affected by diabetes. The secure environment, of which prison is one, is an area in which the care and management of diabetes have been currently identified as being quite variable in terms of practice. This clearly needs to be investigated in order to strive for the implementation of gold standards of care for this client group. This article pinpoints the current strengths and weaknesses, as well as suggesting potential recommendations to improve current clinical practices regarding the care and management of prisoners with diabetes. The focus is primarily on the United Kingdom, but a number of the points made, as well as the potential care recommendations, could be implemented globally. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons. Practical Diabetes 2014; 31(2): 62–66
Synthesis and characterization of iPP‐sPP stereoblock produced by a binary metallocene system
Authors: Descour Camille , Macko Tibor , Cavallo Dario , Parkinson Matthew , Hubner Gerhard , Spoelstra Anne , Villani Maurizio , Duchateau Robbert 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTStereoblock polypropylenes comprising of iPP and sPP segments are synthesized by polymerization of the following binary system of metallocenes: the Cs‐symmetric [2,7‐t‐Bu2(Flu)2Ph2C(Cp)ZrCl2] and the C2‐symmetric rac‐Me2Si(2‐Me‐4‐Ph‐Ind)2ZrCl2. Blends of samples made either by each catalyst individually (solution blend) with materials obtained with the mixed catalyst system (reactor blend) are compared. The simultaneous presence of MAO and DEZ, enhancing fast and reversible transfer of the growing chains between the two active centers, leads to the formation of a stereoblock microstructure. In this case, low molecular weight polymers are obtained. The junction between the blocks is qualitatively observed in 13C NMR. When made in toluene, the stereoblock material consists of a majority of syndiotactic sequences, whereas the ratio is more equilibrated when the polymerization was conducted in the more polar chlorobenzene. This is confirmed by the results obtained with 13C NMR, CRYSTAF, HT HPLC, DSC, SSA, WAXD, and optical microscopy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1422–1434
An association between pulmonary hypertension and impaired lung function in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Healy Fiona , Lin Wei , Feng Rui , Hanna Brian D. , Hedrick Holly , Panitch Howard B. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryRationaleInfants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can develop pulmonary hypertension (PH) from decreased number and abnormal muscularization of pulmonary arteries. Normally pulmonary vascular growth and remodeling parallel airspace growth and alveolarization, which exhibits a wide morphologic variation in CDH.AimTo assess whether infants with CDH and PH have greater abnormalities in infant pulmonary function testing (IPFT) compared to those without PH.MethodsWe reviewed results of IPFTs and echocardiograms performed on infants with CDH from 2004 to June 2011. Lung volumes, forced flows and tidal mechanics were standardized according to available reference values. Comparisons between infants with and without PH were performed using linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders.Main ResultsSixty‐six infants were included; 18 had PH and 48 did not. Z‐score values for functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), FRC/total lung capacity (TLC), and RV/TLC were significantly higher in infants with CDH and PH compared to those without PH. Z‐score values for forced flows including forced expiratory volume in the first 0.5 sec (FEV0.5) and FEV0.5/forced vital capacity were significantly lower in infants with CDH and PH compared to those without PH. For 29 infants studied on ≥2 occasions, the slopes of FRC, RV, and TLC versus length were significantly higher in those with persistent PH compared to those without.ConclusionsInfants with CDH and persistent PH demonstrate greater airspace overdistension with growth compared to those without. Therapies that modify disrupted pulmonary vascular and alveolar formation could potentially improve future care of these patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:672–682. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Canonical structures of short CDR‐L3 in antibodies
Authors: Teplyakov Alexey , Gilliland Gary L. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTDespite sequence diversity, five out of six hypervariable loops in antibodies assume a limited number of conformations called canonical structures. Their correct identification is essential for successful prediction of antibody structure. This in turn requires regular updates of the classification of canonical structures to match the expanding experimental database. Antibodies with the eight‐residue CDR‐L3 represent the second most common type of antibodies after those with the nine‐residue CDR‐L3. We have analyzed all crystal structures of Fab and Fv with the eight‐residue CDR‐L3 and identified three major canonical structures covering 82% of a nonredundant set. In most cases, the canonical structure is defined by the absence or presence and position of a proline residue within the CDR. Proteins 2014; 82:1668–1673. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.