bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptomatic Thromboembolism as an Uncommon Postoperative Complication in Young Patients with Spinal Deformity
Authors: Farzad Omidi-Kashani , Mohammad Hasani , Ali Moradi , Dawood Rahimi Mohammad 
Published: March 2014

Background/Purpose Thromboembolism continues to be one of the most appalling postoperative complications. We aim to extend the findings of earlier authors on clinically symptomatic thromboembolic complications in young patients (<30 years old) operated due to major spinal deformity. Methods We retrospectively studied 297 patients (98 males and 199 females), with a mean age of 17.8 ± 4.2 years (range, 1.8–29.8 years) and a mean follow-up period of 12.3 ± 5.9 months (range, 6–84 months), who had been operated due to major spinal deformity from August 2005 to December 2012. A complete clinical examination was performed in all patients throughout the postoperative period to find out any symptomatic thromboembolism. Results We found three (1.01%) and two (0.67%) cases with symptomatic thromboembolism and extensive pulmonary embolism, respectively. All of them had a positive history of anterior spine surgery, and one of them had been placed in a poor posture for a long time to improve the inflammation of a surgical wound. Conclusion Despite the rarity of thromboembolism after surgery for major spinal deformities in young patients, the possibility still exists, and patients with a positive history of anterior spinal surgery or poor posturing are probably more susceptible.
Geostrophic adjustment with gyroscopic waves: barotropic fluid without the traditional approximation
Authors: Reznik G. M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe study geostrophic adjustment in rotating barotropic fluid when the angular speed of rotation $\boldsymbol{\Omega}$ does not coincide in direction with the acceleration due to gravity; the traditional and hydrostatic approximations are not used. Linear adjustment results in a tendency of any localized initial state towards a geostrophically balanced steady columnar motion with columns parallel to $\boldsymbol{\Omega}$. Nonlinear adjustment is examined for small Rossby numbers Ro and aspect ratio $H/L$ ($H$ and $L$ are the layer depth and the horizontal scale of motion), using multiple-time-scale perturbation theory. It is shown that an arbitrary perturbation is split in a unique way into slow and fast components evolving with characteristic time scales $(\mathit{Ro}f)^{-1}$ and $f^{-1}$, respectively, where $f $ is the Coriolis parameter. The slow component does not depend on depth and is close to geostrophic balance. On times $O(1/f\, \mathit{Ro})$ the slow component is not influenced by the fast one and is described by the two-dimensional fluid dynamics equation for the geostrophic streamfunction. The fast component consists of long gyroscopic waves and is a packet of inertial oscillations modulated by an amplitude depending on coordinates and slow time. On times $O(1/f\, \mathit{Ro})$ the fast component conserves its energy, but it is coupled to the slow component: its amplitude obeys an equation with coefficients depending on the geostrophic streamfunction. Under the traditional approximation, the inertial oscillations are trapped by the quasi-geostrophic component; ‘non-traditional’ terms in the amplitude equation provide a meridional dispersion of the packet on times $O(1/f\, \mathit{Ro})$, and, therefore, an effective radiation of energy from the initial perturbation domain. Another important effect of the non-traditional terms is that on longer times $O(1/f\, \mathit{Ro}^{2})$ a transfer of energy between the fast and the slow components becomes possible.
Measuring ERCC1 protein expression in cancer specimens: Validation of a novel antibody
Authors: Smith David Hersi , Fiehn Anne-Marie Kanstrup , Fogh Louise , Christensen Ib Jarle , Hansen Tine Plato , Stenvang Jan , Nielsen Hans Jørgen , Nielsen Kirsten Vang , Hasselby Jane Preuss , Brünner Nils , Jensen Sussie Steen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPlatinum chemotherapy remains part of standard therapies in the management of a variety of cancers. Severe side effects and a high degree of resistance to platinum drugs have led numerous researchers to search for predictive biomarkers, which could aid in identifying patients that are the most likely to respond to therapy. The ERCC1-ERCC4 endonuclease plays a critical role in the repair of platinum-DNA damage and has widely been studied in relation to sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy. The standard method to evaluate ERCC1 protein expression is through the use of immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody 8F1, an antibody that was recently found to bind an unrelated protein. The present study determines the specificity of a novel antibody, monoclonal antibody 4F9 and presents a method to evaluate ERCC1 expression in colorectal tumor specimens. Using relevant cell lines as controls, the specificity of antibody 4F9 was tested by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Scoring guidelines to aid in the evaluation of ERCC1 tumor expression were developed and evaluated in archival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded colorectal cancer specimens. Antibody 4F9 was found to be specific by all methods applied and it was possible to evaluate the ERCC1 expression in the majority (85%) of colorectal cancer tumor specimens.
Subcutaneous Treprostinil is Well Tolerated with Infrequent Site Changes and Analgesics
Authors: White R. James , Levin Yana , Wessman Kathleen , Heininger Antonia , Frutiger Karen 
Published: March 2014

Continuous prostanoid infusions are recommended for patients with advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Infusion site pain has discouraged some physicians from considering subcutaneous (SQ) treprostinil therapy even though it has safety and convenience advantages over intravenous epoprostenol. We conducted a 1‐year prospective study of patients utilizing SQ treprostinil. We provided counseling on infrequent site changes and a written analgesic protocol including narcotics. After placement of a new site, subjects recorded daily pain scores and analgesic use. Twenty‐six of 29 patients consented, including 4 patients who had recently started therapy. They returned 203 diaries, and we captured every site change in a diary. Sixteen subjects returned 8 or fewer diaries during 12 months, and 20% of diaries documented only mild discomfort. The majority of diaries documented brief periods of severe pain, but this had generally abated by day 7. Contrary to published guidelines, infusion site pain was independent of treprostinil dose in a rigorous analysis. There were 3 significant local reactions but no systemic illness. No subject discontinued SQ treprostinil because of site discomfort. Subjects reported satisfaction with their treatment using a validated assessment, and quality‐of‐life scores were favorable. A strategy emphasizing infrequent site changes and early analgesia can facilitate use of SQ treprostinil. These data may allow physicians to consider treprostinil earlier in the treatment algorithm for this fatal disease.
Severe Mitral Regurgitation Unmasked after Bilateral Lung Transplantation
Authors: Udoji Timothy N. , Force Seth D. , Pelaez Andres 
Published: March 2014

A 33‐year‐old female patient with advanced idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension underwent bilateral lung transplantation. The postsurgical course was complicated by prolonged mechanical ventilation and acute hypoxemia with recurrent episodes of pulmonary edema. An echocardiogram revealed improved right‐sided pressures along with a dilated left atrium, a structurally normal mitral valve, and a new posterior‐oriented severe mitral regurgitation. The patient's condition improved after treatment with arterial vasodilators and diuretics, and she has remained in World Health Organization functional class I after almost 36 months of follow‐up. We hypothesize that cardiac ventricle remodeling and a geometric change in mitral valve apparatus after transplantation led to the hemodynamic changes and recurrent pulmonary edema seen in our patient. Our case is, to our knowledge, the second report of severe valvular regurgitation in a structurally normal mitral valve apparatus in the postoperative period and the first of a patient to be treated without valve replacement.
Revisiting the biharmonic equation modelling electrostatic actuation in lower dimensions
Authors: Guo Zongming , Lai Baishun , Ye Dong 
Published: March 2014

Let

B
⊂

R

N

B \subset \mathbb {R}^N

be the unit ball. We study the structure of solutions to the semilinear biharmonic problem
\[

{

Δ
2

u
=
λ
(
1
−
u

)

−
p

a
m
p
;

in

B

,

0
>
u
>
1

a
m
p
;

in

B

,

u
=

∂
ν

=
0

(

resp.~

u
=
Δ
u
=
0

)

a
m
p
;

on

∂
B

,

\begin {cases} \Delta ^2 u=\lambda (1-u)^{-p} & \text {in $B$},\\ 0>u>1 & \text {in $B$},\\ u=\partial _\nu =0\; (\text {resp.~$u = \Delta u = 0$}) & \text {on $\partial B$}, \end {cases}

\]
where

p
,
λ
>
0

p, \lambda >0

, which arises in the study of the deflection of charged plates in electrostatic actuators. We study in particular the structure of solutions for

N
=
2

N=2

or

3
3

and show the existence of mountain-pass solutions under suitable conditions on

p
p

. Our results contribute to completing the picture of solutions in previous works. Moreover, we also analyze the asymptotic behavior of the constructed mountain-pass solutions as

λ
→
0

\lambda \to 0

.
Modeling Conjunctive Water Use as a Reciprocal Externality
Authors: Taylor R. Garth , Schmidt Robert D. , Stodick Leroy , Contor Bryce A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA reciprocal externality is created in the conjunctive use of hydrologically connected surface and ground water. Hydrologic and economic modeling are integrated to conduct basin‐wide cost benefit analysis to address the market failure of reciprocal conjunctive use externalities. An n‐node partial equilibrium model was formulated in which economic equilibrium was defined by a system of complementary slackness equations. The general model was applied to a three‐node example of a ground water pumper that enjoys the positive externality of canal seepage while inflicting a negative externality of pumping‐induced seepage upon a canal water user. Exogenous demand, supply, and canal conveyance variables were parameterized using site‐specific functional forms and data. The example was solved using mixed complementary programming for the endogenous equilibrium water prices which in turn were used to calculate consumer and producer surplus in the respective surface and ground water markets. A Pigouvian tax/subsidy policy was contrasted against two real‐world policies; eliminating the externality through conservation infrastructure and aquifer recharge. The Pigouvian tax/subsidy aligns prices to erase the wedge between social and private costs. The reciprocal externality produces feedback between the surface and ground water markets that reinforces or cancels the tax/subsidy effect. The recharge payment prices canal seepage via a payment from pumper to canal user that matches the decrease in total pumping cost attributable to the seepage resulting from canal diversion. The Pigouvian tax/subsidy yielded the highest social welfare, followed by the aquifer recharge payment. Conserving water by lining the leaky canal decreased social welfare.
Thermal and Chemical Evolution of X-Ray Clusters of Galaxies
Authors: Fukumoto Junji , Ikeuchi Satoru 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The thermal and chemical evolution of X-ray clusters of galaxies is explored, pursuing the chemical evolution and gas ejection of member galaxies. We take into account the gas-ejection processes from galaxies to intracluster space by galactic winds powered by supernovae and ram-pressure stripping. The main results are as follows: 1) The metal supply from elliptical galaxies dominates over that of spirals and there is a possibility that ram pressure stripping had occurred at the same or in an earlier epoch than galactic winds in ellipticals. 2) The iron abundance of the intracluster medium (ICM) depends strongly on the initial mass function, but weakly on the star-formation rate of ellipticals, and intermediately on the wind epoch in ellipticals and the cluster richness. 3) The contribution to the ICM from galaxies is much smaller than that of primordial gas.
Physical Quantities of Hotspots of Strong Radio Sources
Authors: Takarada Katsuo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
It has recently been reported that X-ray emission from the hotspots of Cygnus A has been detected. Inverse Compton scattering of radio photons in the hotspots by relativistic electrons is able to account for the observed X-ray intensity. On the basis of the beam model of strong double radio sources, and taking into account the results of X-ray observations, we give the expressions for physical quantities of hotspots in terms of only the observed quantities. We applied the results to the hotspots of Cygnus A. The beam model gives consistent values for hotspot A. For hotspot D, however, it remains a difficulty on the beam velocity.
Discovery of a New SU UMa-Type Dwarf Nova, V1113 Cygni
Authors: Kato Taichi , Nogami Daisaku , Masuda Seiji , Hirata Ryuko 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A faint dwarf nova, VI113 Cyg, was observed for five nights during its long outburst in 1994 September. V-band CCD photometry revealed superhumps with a period of 0.0792 (±0.0001)d. This finding confirms V1113 Cygni as being a new member of SU UMa-type dwarf novae. VI113 Cyg is unique among SU UMatype dwarf novae with similar superhump periods in that this star shows both a short (∼ 10 d) outburst recurrence time and a large (∼ 6 mag) outburst amplitude, which seem to imply discordant mass-transfer rates. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is briefly discussed.
Type-Ia Supernova SN 1995D in NGC 2962: Optical V, R, and I Band Photometry and Spectra
Authors: Sadakane Kozo , Yokoo Takeo , Arimoto Jun-ichi , Matsumoto Katsura , Honda Satoshi , Tanabe Kazuhito , Wakamatsu Ken-ichi , Nishida Mitsugu , Yoshida Michitoshi , Takada-Hidai Masahide 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Optical light curves in the V, R, and I bands, starting 10 days before the maximum light, and the optical spectra near to the V maximum phase of supernova SN 1995D in NGC 2962 are presented. The spectra taken near to the optical maximum are similar to the prototypical type-la supernova SN 1981B, and show no trace of the interstellar Nal D line. The expansion velocity at the maximum phase was 10000 ± 200 km s-1. The supernova reached maximum light in the I band about four days earlier than in the V band. A distinct secondary peak is observed in the / band about 30 days after the V maximum. This secondary peak occurred about one week delayed from the published template light curve. A clear shoulder is detected in the R band light curve corresponding to the secondary peak in the I band. The initial rate of decline is slow [Δm15(V) = 0.66 mag], and it is suggested that the supernova belongs to a group of the intrinsically brightest type-la supernovae. From the initial declining rate in the V band, we estimated the absolute magnitude Mv to be −18.8 ± 0.3 mag, and the distance modulus of the parent galaxy (NGC 2962) to be 32.2 ± 0.3 mag.
On the Spectral Slopes of Hard X-Ray Emission from Black Hole Candidates
Authors: Ebisawa Ken , Titarchuk Lev , Chakrabarti Sandip K. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In the high state of black hole candidates, in which 2-10 keV luminosity is relatively high, the energy index of the power-law like hard X-ray emission above ˜ 10 keV is typically ˜ 1.5. On the other hand, in the low state, the hard X-ray energy index is 0.3–0.9. In this paper, we suggest that this difference of the hard X-ray spectral slopes may be due to two different Comptonization mechanisms. We propose that, in the high state, the hard component is governed by the Comptonization due to the bulk motion of the almost freely falling (convergent accretion) flow close to the black hole, rather than thermal Comptonization. The spectral slope of the hard component is insensitive to the disk accretion rate governing the soft component, hence is nearly invariant in spite of the soft component variations. The power-law component due to the bulk motion Comptonization has a sharp cut-off at around the electron rest mass energy, which is consistent with high energy observations of the high state. In the low state, the spectrum is formed due to thermal Comptonization of the low-frequency disk radiation by a sub-Keplerian component (possibly undergoing a centrifugally-supported shock) which is originated from the Keplerian disk. In the limit of low disk accretion rate, the power law index is uniquely determined by the mass accretion rate of the sub-Keplerian component.
Atmospheric Abundances of Light Elements in the F-Type Star Procyon
Authors: Kato Ken-ichi , Watanabe Yoshiya , Sadakane Kozo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
High-dispersion spectra in the near-infrared region of the F-type star Procyon (α CMi, F5 IV–V) were obtained and the absorption lines of eight light elements, including phosphorus P and potassium K were analyzed with ATLAS9 model atmospheres. The LTE abundance was found to be solar for N, Mg, Al, Si, and P, which is consistent with previous studies in the visible region. However, two CI lines, triplet lines of OI at λ7771–5 Å, and the resonance line of KI at λ7699 Å are fairly strong; their estimated LTE abundances are greater than the solar values by more than 0.2 dex. These discrepancies are discussed in terms of non-LTE line formation.
Preflare Heating and Mass Motion in a Solar Flare Associated with Hot Plasma Ejection: 1993 November 11 C9.7 Flare
Authors: Ohyama Masamitsu , Shibata Kazunari 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
X-ray plasma ejection associated with an impulsive flare was observed near to the solar limb on 1993 November 11 with the Yohkoh soft X-ray telescope. We examined the physical condition as well as the morphological evolution of the ejecta and flare. The results are the following: (1) The shape of the ejecta was a loop before the start of ejection. (2) The ejected loop appeared after its footpoint brightened, and started to slowly rise long before the impulsive phase (at ∼ 10 km s−1, the preflare slow rise), but was suddenly accelerated to ∼ 130 km s−1 just before or at about the onset of the impulsive phase (the main rise). (3) The ejected material was already heated to ∼ 11.3 ± 4 MK before the main rise. (4) The electron density of the ejecta (∼ 4.5 × 109−1.4 × 1010 cm−3) was larger than the typical density of the active-region corona. The mass of the ejecta was ∼ 1014 g. These results suggest chromospheric evaporation due to preflare heating. It is suggested that magnetic reconnection may already be occurring in the preflare phase, leading to heating of the ejected material (possibly plasmoids) and causing chromospheric evaporation. The reconnection rate (or the speed of the inflow into the neutral point) is also estimated for the preflare, the impulsive, and the gradual phases.
12CO(J=1–0) and 13CO(J=1–0) Mapping of the Starburst Galaxy M82
Authors: Kikumoto Takahiro , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Nakai Naomasa , Ishizuki Sumio , Matsushita Satoki , Kawabe Ryohei 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We have mapped the central 1 kpc region of the nearby starburst galaxy M82 in both the 12CO(J=1–0) and 13CO(J=1–0) emission lines under the same angular resolution $(\sim 7^{\prime \prime} \times 6^{\prime \prime})$. The intensity ratio (R) of 12CO(J=1–0) to 13CO(J=1–0) emission shows the significant spatial variation: $(\sim 7^{\prime \prime} \times 6^{\prime \prime})$ (the NE lobe), $R\simeq 20-25$ (the SW lobe), and R &gt;70 (the 2.2 μm secondary peak). These values are significantly higher than those of giant molecular clouds in our Galaxy and molecular gas in other normal spiral galaxies. We also find that a very high ratio (R &gt; 90) is achieved around the brightest radio continuum source, 41.9+58, which is considered to be a supernova remnant (or remnants). Based on the LTE model, we show that the molecular gas in M82 tends to be optically thin, even for the 12CO emission; its optical depth is a few or less. The smaller optical depths may naturally explain the higher R values observed in M82. We discuss the possibility that a superwind causes the formation of such clouds.
Damping Efficiency of the Void Mode in a Two-Phase Gas Mixture with a Phase Transition
Authors: Kamaya Hideyuki 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We have discussed the wave properties in a two-phase gas mixture, which is composed of a diffuse medium [phase I (PI)] and dense clouds [phase II (PII)]. Interestingly, there are two wave modes when PII has mobility relative to PI. One is the acoustic mode, and the other is the void mode (or pattern-propagating mode). In this paper, we present a more careful discussion concerning the restoring force of the void mode. After that, we estimate the damping rate of the void mode due to the thermal process, which acts as a friction effect. We call this thermal friction. For a typical interstellar medium (ISM), where the cold cloud phase is PII and the warm phase gas is PI, friction is not so significant within the galaxy evolution timescales. However, if the coronal phase is PI, PII of the warm clouds suffers thermal friction efficiently. Thus, when the evolution of ISM is described by the classical three-phase model, we can adopt a modified two-phase model within the context of multi-phase flow; in which PI corresponds to a mixture of the hot and warm phases and PII corresponds to the cold clouds.
Emergence of Twisted Magnetic-Flux Bundles and Flare Activity in a Large Active Region, NOAA 4201
Authors: Ishii Takako T. , Kurokawa Hiroki , Takeuchi Tsutomu T. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
To reveal what is the key agent for strong flare activity, we studied the evolution of a large sunspot group, NOAA 4201, and its flare activity. We analyzed high-resolution Hα images obtained with the Domeless Solar Telescope at Hida Observatory, and Kitt Peak full disk magnetograms. We examined the sunspot proper motions and evolutionary changes of Hα fine structures and magnetic fields in this active region, and constructed a schematic model of emerging twisted magnetic-flux bundles. We also found that the occurrence of high flare activity was restricted to the rapidly emerging region of the twisted flux bundle. This fact suggests that the emergence of a twisted emerging flux bundle should be the key to high flare productivity of the sunspot group.
Evolution of the Blue Luminosity-to-Baryon Mass Ratio of Clusters of Galaxies
Authors: Shimasaku Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We derive the ratio of the total blue luminosity to the total baryon mass, LB/Mb, for massive (Mgas at the Abell radius is ≥ 1 × 1013 h−2.5 M⊙ ) clusters of galaxies up to z ≃ 1 from the literature. Twenty-two clusters in our sample are at z &gt; 0.1. Assuming that the relative mix of hot gas and galaxies in clusters does not change during cluster evolution, we use LB/Mb to probe the star-formation history of the galaxy population as a whole in clusters. We find that LB/Mb of clusters increases with redshift from LB/Mb=0.024 (LB/M)⊙ at z = 0 to ≃ 0.06 (LB/M)⊙ at z = 1, indicating a factor of 2–3 brightening (we assume H0=70 km s−1 Mpc−1). This amount of brightening is almost identical to the brightening of the M/LB ratio of early-type galaxies in clusters at 0.02 ≤ z ≤ 0.83 reported by van Dokkum et al. (1998, AAA 70.160.065). We compare the observed brightening of LB/Mb with luminosity evolution models for the galaxy population as a whole, changing the e-folding time of star formation, τ , by 0.1 ≤ τ ≤ 5 Gyr and the formation redshift, zF, by 2 ≤ zF &lt; ∞. We find that τ = 0.1 Gyr for ‘single burst’ models with zF ≥ 3 and τ = 5 Gyr for ‘disk’ models with arbitrary zF are consistent with the observed brightening, while models with τ = 1–2 Gyr tend to predict brightening that is too steep. We also derive the ratio of the blue luminosity density to the baryon density for field galaxies, adopting Ωb h2 = 0.02, and find that the blue luminosity per unit baryon is similar in clusters and in fields up to z ≃ 1 within the observational uncertainties.