bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The functional connectivity of intralaminar thalamic nuclei in the human basal ganglia
Authors: Rodriguez‐Sabate Clara , Llanos Catalina , Morales Ingrid , Garcia‐Alvarez Roberto , Sabate Magdalena , Rodriguez Manuel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractProjections of the centromedian‐parafasicularis neurons of the intralaminar thalamus are major inputs of the striatum. Their functional role in the activity of human basal ganglia (BG) is not well known. The aim of this work was to study the functional connectivity of intralaminar thalamic nuclei with other BG by using the correlations of the BOLD signal recorded during “resting” and a motor task. Intralaminar nuclei showed a marked functional connectivity with all the tested BG, which was observed during “resting” and did not change with the motor task. As regards the intralaminar nuclei, BG connectivity was much lower for the medial dorsal nucleus (a thalamic nucleus bordering the intralaminar nuclei) and for the default mode network (although intralaminar nuclei showed a negative correlation with the default mode network). After the “regression” of intralaminar nuclei activity (partial correlation), the functional connectivity of the caudate and putamen nuclei with other BG decreased (but not with the primary sensorimotor cortex). Present data provide evidence that intralaminar nuclei are not only critical for striatal activity but also for the global performance of human BG, an action involving subcortical BG loops more than cortico‐subcortical loops. The high correlation found between BG suggest that, similarly to that reported in other brain centers, the very‐slow frequency fluctuations are relevant for the functional activity of these centers. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1335–1347, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The integrated effects of climate and hydrologic uncertainty on future flood risk assessments
Authors: Steinschneider Scott , Wi Sungwook , Brown Casey 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis work examines future flood risk within the context of integrated climate and hydrologic modelling uncertainty. The research questions investigated are (1) whether hydrologic uncertainties are a significant source of uncertainty relative to other sources such as climate variability and change and (2) whether a statistical characterization of uncertainty from a lumped, conceptual hydrologic model is sufficient to account for hydrologic uncertainties in the modelling process. To investigate these questions, an ensemble of climate simulations are propagated through hydrologic models and then through a reservoir simulation model to delimit the range of flood protection under a wide array of climate conditions. Uncertainty in mean climate changes and internal climate variability are framed using a risk‐based methodology and are explored using a stochastic weather generator. To account for hydrologic uncertainty, two hydrologic models are considered, a conceptual, lumped parameter model and a distributed, physically based model. In the conceptual model, parameter and residual error uncertainties are quantified and propagated through the analysis using a Bayesian modelling framework. The approach is demonstrated in a case study for the Coralville Dam on the Iowa River, where recent, intense flooding has raised questions about potential impacts of climate change on flood protection adequacy. Results indicate that the uncertainty surrounding future flood risk from hydrologic modelling and internal climate variability can be of the same order of magnitude as climate change. Furthermore, statistical uncertainty in the conceptual hydrological model can capture the primary structural differences that emerge in flood damage estimates between the two hydrologic models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thioautotrophic bacterial endosymbionts are degraded by enzymatic digestion during starvation: Case study of two lucinids Codakia orbicularis and C. orbiculata
Authors: König Sten , Le Guyader Hervé , Gros Olivier 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe Caribbean bivalves Codakia orbicularis (Linné, 1758) and C. orbiculata (Montagu, 1808) live in seagrass beds of Thalassia testudinum and harbor intracellular sulfur‐oxidizing gamma‐proteobacteria. These bacterial symbionts fix CO2 via the Calvin Benson cycle and provide organic compounds to the bivalve. During experimentally induced starvation, no reduced sulfur compounds and no organic particle food are available; the symbionts could be considered as the sole nutrient source of the host bivalve. A previous study has shown that the intracellular bacterial population decreased considerably during starvation and that bacterial endosymbionts were not released by the bivalves. In this study, the activity of two lysosomal marker enzymes (acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase) was detected using cytochemical experiments coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray transmission electron microscopy during sulfide and organic particle starvation. The degradation of bacterial endosymbionts began after 2 weeks of starvation in C. orbiculata and after 3 weeks in C. orbicularis. Degradation processes seem to be continuous over several months and could be responsible for the disappearance of the bacterial endosymbionts within the gills during starvation. These data suggest that the host use symbionts as a nutrient source to survive a hunger crisis. The carbon transfer from the symbionts to the host could be flexible and could consist in transfer of organic matter, “milking,” under normal feeding conditions and digestion of the symbionts under starved conditions. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:173–179, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The masked educator‐innovative simulation in an Australian undergraduate Medical Sonography and Medical Imaging program
Authors: Reid‐Searl Kerry , Bowman Anita , McAllister Margaret , Cowling Cynthia , Spuur Kelly 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIntroductionClinical learning experiences for sonography and medical imaging students can sometimes involve the practice of technical procedures with less of a focus on developing communication skills with patients. Whilst patient‐based simulation scenarios have been widely reported in other health education programmes, there is a paucity of research in sonography and medical imaging.The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of Mask‐Ed™ (KRS Simulation) in the learning and teaching of clinical communication skills to undergraduate medical sonography and medical imaging students. Mask‐Ed™ (KRS Simulation) is a simulation technique where the educator is hidden behind wearable realistic silicone body props including masks.MethodsFocus group interviews were conducted with 11 undergraduate medical sonography and medical imaging students at CQUniversity, Australia. The number of participants was limited to the size of the cohort of students enrolled in the course. Prior to these interviews participants were engaged in learning activities that featured the use of the Mask‐Ed™ (KRS Simulation) method. Thematic analysis was employed to explore how the introduction of Mask‐Ed™ (KRS Simulation) contributed to students' learning in relation to clinical communication skills.ResultsKey themes included: benefits of interacting with someone real rather than another student, learning made fun, awareness of empathy, therapeutic communication skills, engaged problem solving and purposeful reflection.ConclusionsMask‐Ed™ (KRS Simulation) combined with interactive sessions with an expert facilitator, contributed positively to students' learning in relation to clinical communication skills. Participants believed that interacting with someone real, as in the Mask‐Ed characters was beneficial. In addition to the learning being described as fun, participants gained an awareness of empathy, therapeutic communication skills, engaged problem solving and purposeful reflection.
A cross‐cultural examination of subordinates' perceptions of and reactions to abusive supervision
Authors: Vogel Ryan M. , Mitchell Marie S. , Tepper Bennett J. , Restubog Simon L. D. , Hu Changya , Hua Wei , Huang Jui‐Chieh 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis manuscript explores cross‐cultural differences in reactions to perceived abusive supervision. Based on an integration of fairness heuristic theory with principles about cross‐cultural differences in the importance of hierarchical status, we theorize that subordinates from the Anglo culture perceive and react to abusive supervision more negatively than subordinates from the Confucian Asian culture. The predictions were tested within two field studies. Study 1 results show that culture moderated the direct effect of perceived abusive supervision on interpersonal justice and the indirect effects of perceived abusive supervision (via interpersonal justice) on subordinates' trust in the supervisor and work effort. The negative effects of perceived abusive supervision were stronger for subordinates within the Anglo versus the Confucian Asian culture; subordinates from Anglo culture compared with Confucian Asian culture perceived abusive supervision as less fair. Perceived abusive supervision indirectly and negatively influenced subordinates' trust in the supervisor and work effort. Study 2 replicated the findings from Study 1 and extended them to show culture (Anglo vs. Confucian culture) moderated the effects because it influences subordinates' power distance orientation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐sensors study of precipitable water vapour over mainland China
Authors: Wong Man Sing , Jin Xiaomeng , Liu Zhizhao , Nichol Janet , Chan P. W. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTWater vapour, an important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, is crucial for hydrological, atmospheric, and meteorological processes. This study first compared five precipitable water vapour (PWV) products from multi‐sensors including radiosonde, AERosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sunphotometer, Global Positioning System (GPS) and MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and then characterized the spatial and temporal trends of PWV in mainland China. Intercomparison results indicate good agreements among PWV products with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.775 to 0.937. As for spatial analysis, 13 years of MODIS MOD05 products were investigated and the spatial distribution of PWV is closely correlated with the topography, e.g. latitude and altitude, in mainland China. A monotonically increasing annual trend was detected in some radiosonde sites in China between 1976 and 1999, but a decreasing trend was observed between 2000 and 2012. Analysis of the differences in PWV between weekdays and weekends indicated a marked weekend effect, suggesting the influence of anthropogenic activities. Diurnal variations in PWV were also studied from 1999 to 2009 using GPS data. A pronounced diurnal cycle of PWV was observed in most of the sites during summer and spring seasons.
Uncertainty in estimating reference evapotranspiration using remotely sensed and forecasted weather data under the climatic conditions of Southern Spain
Authors: Cruz‐Blanco María , Santos Cristina , Gavilán Pedro , Lorite Ignacio J. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, a detailed spatial analysis of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimates provided by the MAK‐Adv approach and the well‐known Penman‐Monteith equation (PM‐FAO56) has been carried out. MAK‐Adv approach considers a regionally calibrated Makkink equation based on a combination of remotely sensed solar radiation, Rs, provided by the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF), and numerical weather forecasts of near‐surface air temperature, T2m, provided by the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). This analysis evaluated the performance of these approaches with data measured by 57 weather stations under different weather conditions within a semi‐arid region, Andalusia, located at Southern Spain, and determined the role of certain physical and climate variables, such as wind speed and sensible heat advection, on the quality of the ETo estimation.For three years (2007–2009), daily Rs and T2m provided by LSA SAF and ECMWF were compared with measured data showing very good estimates, with RMSD equal to 1.47 W m−2 and 1.53 °C, respectively. Equally, ETo using MAK‐Adv approach with data provided by LSA SAF and ECMWF was compared with ETo provided by the PM‐FAO56 approach with measured data, obtaining RMSD = 0.69 mm, linear regression slope = 0.94, and R2 = 0.92. Although ETo estimates using both approaches were similar between them, the small differences in terms of estimation ETo were mainly correlated with the wind speed (u) and the advection index (Ia), depicting the critical role of these factors in the ETo estimations under semi‐arid conditions, and increasing the uncertainty in ETo estimation when wind speed and/or Ia are high.The comparison of MAK‐Adv and PM‐FAO56 approaches has proved the usefulness in providing ETo values at a regional scale and detecting those areas where the ETo estimation had higher uncertainty, contributing to an improvement in water management.
Detection of otoacoustic emissions in chinchilla when the middle ear contains amniotic fluid
Authors: Akinpelu Olubunmi V. , Funnell W. Robert J. , Daniel Sam J. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisOtoacoustic emissions have frequently been used for newborn hearing screening. However, they have low specificities and high referral rates. The presence of amniotic fluid in the middle ear is one reason for these problems. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of human amniotic fluid on otoacoustic emissions and on middle‐ear function.MethodsForty‐six chinchillas were randomly divided into eight groups based on the type (amniotic fluid or normal saline) and volume (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 ml) of liquid introduced into the middle ear. Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and wideband reflectance (WBR) measurements were taken under inhalational anaesthesia before and after introduction of middle‐ear liquid. The differences in these measurements were subjected to statistical analyses.Study DesignProspective controlled animal study.ResultsSignificant reductions of DPOAE levels and increases in WBR occurred across all frequencies when there was liquid in the middle ear, and the changes became greater for increased volumes of liquid. Changes in the noise level had important effects on the otoacoustic‐emission signal‐to‐noise ratio at the three lowest frequencies.ConclusionBoth human amniotic fluid and saline in the chinchilla middle ear resulted in changes in otoacoustic‐emission detection patterns and WBR that may be relevant to newborn hearing screening.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:E138–E142, 2015
EQ‐5D‐derived health utility values in patients undergoing surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Remenschneider Aaron K. , Scangas George , Meier Josh C. , Gray Stacey T. , Holbrook Eric H. , Gliklich Richard E. , Metson Ralph 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisHealth utility value (HUV) is an index used to measure health‐related quality of life for the valuation and comparison of treatments. The Euroqol 5‐Dimension (EQ‐5D) questionnaire is a widely used method for determining HUV, but it has not been applied for this purpose in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) who undergo sinus surgery.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsPatients with CRS, who were recruited from 11 different otolaryngologic practices, completed the EQ‐5D questionnaire at baseline, as well as 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery. HUVs calculated from the results of this questionnaire were compared to those reported in the general U.S. population and to patients suffering from other chronic diseases.ResultsBaseline EQ‐5D surveys were completed by 242 patients. Mean baseline HUV (standard deviation) was 0.81 (0.13). Female gender, revision surgery, and the use of intraoperative image guidance were associated was significantly lower baseline values. HUV rose at 3 months to 0.89 (0.12) and remained improved at 12 months 0.88 (0.10) and 24 months 0.89 (0.10) (P < 0.001). Baseline HUV in CRS (0.81[0.13]) is lower than the general U.S. population (0.85 [0.18]) and appears appropriately positioned among other common chronic conditions including asthma (0.82–0.92), migraine (0.81–0.91), and seasonal allergies (0.94).ConclusionsSinus surgery provides improvement in HUV in patients with CRS. These values may be paired with costs of care to perform cost‐utility analysis on this group of patients.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 125:1056–1061, 2015
Oral mucocele/ranula: Another human immunodeficiency virus‐related salivary gland disease?
Authors: Syebele Kabunda , Munzhelele Thifhelimbilu I. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe clinical characteristics of oral mucoceles/ranulas, with a focus on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐related salivary gland diseases.Study DesignA descriptive and clinical study, with review of patient data.Material and MethodsWe reviewed 113 referred cases of oral mucocele. The following anatomical sites were identified: lip, tongue, and floor of the mouth (simple ranulas), as well as plunging ranulas. The age and gender data of the patients with oral mucoceles were recorded. The HIV status of the patients and other information were reviewed.ResultsThere were 30 (26.5%) males and 83 (73.5%) females. Most patients were below 30 years of age, with the peak frequency in the first and second decade. Ranula (simple and plunging) represented 84.1% of the mucocele locations. Mucocele on the lips represented 10.6%. Seventy‐two (63.7%) patients were HIV positive; and 97.2% of them had ranulas. Thirty‐eight (33.6%) patients presented with plunging ranulas; and 92.1% of them were HIV positive, compared with two patients presenting with plunging ranulas in the HIV‐negative group. These results strongly suggest that an HIV‐positive patient is statistically (P < 0.001) more at risk of presenting with not only a simple, but also a plunging ranula type.ConclusionThis study presents a different clinical picture of oral mucoceles/ranulas, as observed in HIV‐positive patients. Additionally, it suggests a possible clinical link between the two pathologies. The authors strongly support the suggestion that oral mucocele/ranula is an HIV‐related salivary gland disease.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1130–1136, 2015
Impact of mandibular advancement devices on C‐reactive protein levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Yalamanchali Sreeya , Salapatas Anna M. , Hwang Michelle S. , Pott Thomas R. , Lundgren Mary E. , Joseph Ninos J. , Friedman Michael 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the effect of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with custom‐made mandibular advancement devices (MADs) on C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Study DesignCase series with chart review.MethodsCharts of consecutive patients fitted with custom‐made mandibular advancement devices for treatment of OSAHS between December 2011 and November 2012 were reviewed. Demographics such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were collected. Prefitting and postfitting polysomnograms were reviewed. Pre‐ and posttreatment apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and average O2 saturation were compared. Only patients with documented CRP levels determined prior to mandibular advancement device fitting and again after improvement of OSAHS symptoms were included.ResultsForty‐nine patients (77.6% male, age 47.4 ± 11.7 years, BMI 29.6 ± 5.0 kg/m2) were included in this study. Patients initially had elevated CRP levels (2.5 ± 1.8 mg/dl), which decreased significantly following use of their custom‐made mandibular advancement device (1.9 ± 1.3 mg/dl, P = 0.006) by approximately 24%. AHI decreased significantly from 33.3 ± 21.7 pretreatment to 12.1 ± 22.3 posttreatment (P < 0.001). Treatment with MADs reduced AHI by approximately 69.3%. Minimum oxygen saturation significantly improved from 85.1% ± 5.9 pretreatment to 90.7% ± 3.6 posttreatment (P < 0.001).ConclusionTreatment with custom‐made mandibular advancement devices significantly reduced elevated CRP levels in patients with mild to severe OSAHS. Therapy achieves reasonable response and cure rates in the observed patients with a significant reduction in AHI.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1733–1736, 2015
Clinical and quality‐of‐life outcomes following gland‐preserving surgery for chronic sialadenitis
Authors: Gillespie M. Boyd , O'Connell Brendan P. , Rawl Jordan W. , McLaughlin Conor W. , Carroll William W. , Nguyen Shaun A. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisGland‐preserving salivary surgery utilizing salivary endoscopy has been proposed as a treatment alternative in the management of chronic sialadenitis. This study seeks to determine medium‐term clinical and quality‐of‐life (QOL) outcomes following a gland‐preserving approach for chronic sialadenitis.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey with retrospective chart review.MethodsAll patients undergoing attempted gland‐preserving salivary surgery with salivary endoscopy for chronic sialadenitis at a tertiary, academic salivary referral center between October 2008 and April 2013 were identified from a quality assurance database. A research database was constructed to examine clinical factors of interest. A clinical outcomes and QOL survey was mailed to all eligible patients in order to obtain long‐term follow‐up data.ResultsA total of 206 of 306 (67%) eligible patients returned the survey. The median length of follow‐up was 17 months (3–54 months). The majority of patients (89%) endorsed symptom improvement after gland‐preserving therapy. Surgical excision was performed on 8% of affected glands. Patients with chronic sialadenitis due to stones reported a greater incidence of symptom resolution (P = 0.0004) and more favorable QOL outcomes (P = 0.0001) than patients with nonstone etiologies.ConclusionsPatients undergoing gland‐preserving salivary surgery with salivary endoscopy for chronic sialadenitis have favorable long‐term symptom improvement and gland retention rates. Although patients with stones demonstrated the best outcomes, improvement was documented for all etiologies of chronic sialadenitis.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1340–1344, 2015
Comparison of two partial middle turbinectomy techniques for the treatment of a concha bullosa
Authors: Kumral Tolgar L. , Yıldırım Güven , Çakır Ozan , Ataç Enes , Berkiten Güler , Saltürk Ziya , Uyar Yavuz 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess the nasal functions, nasal resistance, and olfactory function in middle turbinate surgery.Study DesignRandomized controlled trial.MethodsThis prospective controlled study was carried out on patients who underwent laminectomy for aeration of the middle turbinate. Patients participating in the study were divided into two groups—group 1: medial laminectomy (n = 34) and group 2: lateral laminectomy (n = 38). Patients underwent the preoperative visual analogue score, sinonasal outcome test‐22 (SNOT‐22), peak nasal inspiratory flowmeter, and Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center smell test. All patients were reevaluated 3 months after the operation.ResultsThe study group comprised 72 consecutive patients. The mean age of the patients was 31.03 ± 9.7, with a range of 17 to 54 years. A total of 47.2 % (n = 34) had medial and 52.8% (n = 38) had lateral laminectomy. Bilateral turbinate intervention was performed in 27.8% (n = 20), whereas unilateral middle turbinate intervention was performed in 72.3% (n = 52).Overall, both groups showed strong significant improvement over time in visual analogue scale results, SNOT‐22 scores, peak flowmeter results, and olfactory function between preoperative and postoperative scores (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups for all parameters (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThis study revealed that medial laminectomy for aeration of the middle turbinate was as effective as lateral laminectomy.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 125:1062–1066, 2015