bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Method for Connate Water Determination in Core Material Identifies Formation Heterogeneity and Potential Damage Mechanisms
Authors: Williams R. D. , Mortensen D. C. , Tek Terra , Willberg D. M. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The continued evolution of hydraulic fracturing technology has enabled hydrocarbon production in tight, unconventional reservoirs. This usually requires large amounts of water, injected deep underground, which interacts with formations through different pathways. One of the rock-fluid interactions that may occur is salt leaching and mineral dissolution, which mobilizes large amounts of potentially reactive ionic species within the fracture network. Liberation of salt from the reservoir can have a number of consequences, ranging from high salinity flowback water treatment issues to production of geochemical scale that can damage fracture conductivity. An advanced salt analysis method has been designed to characterize the ionic species present in interstitial waters confined within core material, to analyze soluble mineral species that can be mobilized during hydraulic fracturing, and to quantify the scaling potential of reactive ionic species present during treatment and initial production. This method determines connate water chemistry by utilizing a novel solvent extraction procedure that characterizes free and clay bound ions, along with related rock properties (mineralogy, water saturation, and cation exchange capacity). This combined dataset is used to determine the thermodynamically stable composition of the connate water at reservoir conditions, and examine the heterogeneity in chemical composition from the core scale to the reservoir scale. Connate water composition obtained by this method can be utilized for a number of applications, including resistivity log correlation and chemical fingerprinting that can be used with flowback water chemistry to identify fracture propagation. Furthermore, potential chemical incompatibility issues such as scale formation within the target interval or adjacent zones can be identified so that hydraulic fracturing fluid chemistries can be properly treated to eliminate potential incompatibilities. A case study on connate water chemistry in the Montney and Duvernay shale formations is presented using this detailed characterization strategy. The results demonstrate that the presence of key ions, like vanadium and molybdenum in the Montney, can be used to identify the extent of fracture propagation. Because this methodology was also able to identify zones that could produce geochemical scale (e.g. BaSO­4), hydraulic fracturing fluid chemistries could be tailored to minimize its effect on production.
Thermo-Poro-Mechanical Analysis of the Effects of Low-Temperature CO2 Injection on Caprock Integrity
Authors: Soltanzadeh Hamidreza , Jafari Alireza 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
For any CO2 sequestration project, a competent caprock acts as the primary and immediate trapping mechanism that prevents the injected fluid to leak out of the reservoir. This paper reviews the results of a thermo-poro-mechanical model developed to study the effects of low-temperature CO2 injection on the caprock integrity for a hypothetical CO2 storage project. A detailed study was conducted to characterize the behaviour of the model and to identify the influence of interactions between fluid flow, heat transfer, and geomechanics in the model. The results show that pressure and temperature distributions in the model are dissimilar and, consequently, their effects on the geomechanical response of the model are significantly different. It was observed that the low temperature of CO2 has a dominant effect on the geomechanical response of the model. In general, a temperature decrease leads to severe reduction in the values of in-situ stresses and, consequently, it increases the potential of fracturing in the aquifer and the caprock. Nevertheless, this potential is smaller in the caprock than in the aquifer as a result of a lower temperature decrease in the caprock. This contrast is accentuated by the pore pressure drop caused by the temperature decrease in the low-permeability caprock with undrained flow behaviour. It is also shown that the behaviour of the model may be approximated by using analytical solutions. The paper also reviews the results of a series of analyses conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of tensile fracturing potential in the caprock to several different modeling parameters. These sensitivity analyses showed that the variation in some parameters such as Poisson’s ratio, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, relative permeability, and permeability of the underburden have modest effects on the value of effective stresses in the caprock, while variations in Young’s modulus and the thermal expansion coefficient can significantly influence these stresses and the potential for tensile fracturing in the caprock. Sensitivity analyses also show that injection of CO2 with a temperature closer to the temperature of the aquifer reduces the potential for tensile fracturing in the caprock and aquifer to a great extent. The potential of fracturing in the caprock is also highly reduced by injecting CO2 at greater depths within the aquifer and farther away from the caprock.
Principles of Vend- Cambrian Reservoir Prognosis (Based on Siniavskiy and North-Danilovskoe Fields)
Authors: Gaiduk A.. , Almendinger O.. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Presently, JSC "NK" Rosneft " holds 13 license areas (License Blocks) in Eastern Siberia. From 2009 till 2012 thirteen exploration and appraisal wells had been drilled on six License Blocks in Irkutsk region, and only one of those wells showed considerable/commercial flow of oil. This is primarily related to low informative content of areal geophysical and geochemical data, due to complex geology, which includes surface traps and tuffs, sills, thick salt intervals and little difference in physical properties of reservoir and non-reservoir rock. Drilling wells within estimated major structural and tectonic traps bounded by faults, identified by 2D seismic and gravmag surveys, did not bring the desired result. Reservoir (subreservoir) drilled happened to have poor permeability and porosity parameters and the wells flowed poorly.
The Method of Treating Bottomhole Zone in Producing Wells With 2 Wellheads in the Ashalchi Natural Bitumen Field
Authors: Satdarov Rail 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The Ashalchi natural bitumen field is developed with application of SAGD method, which involves drilling two horizontal wells at a distance of 5 meters vertically between them: the upper well is for injection steam, and the lower well is for production.
The deposit is underlain by waters, which have a high concentration of calcium carbonate. Steam injection and intense production cause deposition of calcium carbonate in bottom hole of the well, and directly in a slot filter and operating components of ESPs. It results in the loss of production, which is connected with failure of the ESP.
"TatNIPIneft?? developed a special technology of treating wells with 8% inhibited hydrochloric acid for cleaning the bottom zone of the well and the slotted filter from calcium carbonate. Acid composition was matched with a concentration that did not occur in the processing of metal corrosion. This technology requires workovers and using coiled tubing technology. As the analysis shows, this method is very expensive. Besides, we have to stop well for 3 to 4 days and there is a loss of oil production.
Reason for Non-Simultaneous Placing in Operation of all Zones in Horizontal Well with Multi-Stage Fracturing
Authors: Shirobokov Anton 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The number of zones during multi-stage hydraulic fracturing (MSHF) is increased. There have been cases of MSHF with 10 zones. Therefore, along with such important parameters as number of fractures, fracture length, fracture conductivity there is one more important parameter - the order of placing zones in operation in horizontal wells with MSHF. In this paper, the production of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing wells of one JSC Gazpromneft-NNG oilfield is analyzed and necessary calculations are made which allow to substantiate the placing zones in operation of MSHF well gradually from the bottom to the heel, with carrying out the refracturing the previous zone at the transition to next. Both the cumulative production in case of simultaneous and in case of gradually placing zones in operation is made, and the economic evaluation is carried out.
Early Hardness and Shear Bond Strength of Dual-cure Resin Cement Light Cured Through Resin Overlays With Different Dentin-layer Thicknesses
Authors: Chang H-S , Kim J-W 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dentin-layer thickness of resin overlays could affect the early hardness and shear bond strength of dual-cure resin cement (DCRC, RelyX ARC) after light curing with light curing units (LCUs) of various power densities: Optilux 360 (360), Elipar Freelight 2 (FL2), and Elipar S10 (S10). Resin overlays were fabricated using an indirect composite resin (Sinfony) with a dentin layer, an enamel layer, and a translucent layer of 0.5 mm thickness each (0.5-0.5-0.5) or of 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.8 mm thickness (0.2-0.5-0.8), respectively. The DCRC was light cured for 40 seconds through the overlays, and surface hardness and shear bond strength to bovine dentin were tested 10 minutes after the start of light curing. Surface hardness was higher when the DCRC was light cured through the 0.2-0.5-0.8 combination than when the DCRC was light cured through the 0.5-0.5-0.5 combination with all LCUs. The ratio of upper surface hardness of DCRC light cured through resin overlays relative to the upper surface hardness of DCRC light cured directly was more than 90% only when the DCRC was light cured with S10 through the 0.2-0.5-0.8 combination. The shear bond strength value was higher when the DCRC was light cured with S10 through the 0.2-0.5-0.8 combination than when light cured with S10 through the 0.5-0.5-0.5 combination. This study indicates that reducing the dentin-layer thickness while increasing the translucent-layer thickness of resin inlays can increase the photopolymerization of DCRC, thereby increasing the early bond strength of resin inlays to dentin.
Les déterminants socio-économiques de l’utilisation des congés parentaux par les pères [Une analyse comparative entre la France et la Suède]
Authors: Anxo Dominique , Delander Lennart , Mansson Jonas 
Published: November 2013

The socio-economic determinants of the use of parental leave by fathers. A comparative analysis of France and Sweden.
The primary objective of this paper is to analyse the socio-economic determinants of parental leave in France and Sweden. The study highlights extensive national disparities in the impact of socioeconomic and institutional environments for the use of parental leave. In France, the modest sum of the fixed-rate compensation applied and the weak guarantee of return to employee constitute a major obstacle to fathers applying parental leave and very strongly influence the process for selection of fathers in the system. The conditions for implementing full-time parental education benefits create extensive threshold effects which result in over-representation of «vulnerable » fathers in terms of their situation on the labour market and of their low levels of qualification and salaries. In Sweden, however, the comprehensive guarantee of return to work, combined with a particularly generous compensation income rate ensure that the process of selection of fathers in the system is far less discriminating. A stable employment situation and a high level of training in parents foster greater participation of fathers in parental leave. The Swedish example still indicates that flexibility and the degree of generation of the parental leave systems remain decisive, as the favourable conditions are insufficient to create a more balanced distribution of parental leave within the family.
Was Jeju Island a glacial refugium for East Asian warm‐temperate plants? Insights from the homosporous fern Selliguea hastata (Polypodiaceae)
Authors: Chung Mi Yoon , Moon Myung‐Ok , López‐Pujol Jordi , Maki Masayuki , Yamashiro Tadashi , Yukawa Tomohisa , Sugiura Naoto , Lee Yung‐I , Chung Myong Gi 
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: We posed two hypotheses for broad scenarios of postglacial recolonization of Korea by the warm‐temperate vegetation: (1) that extant Korean populations are derived from a single refugium, or (2) that they are derived from multiple refugia. We chose a homosporous fern typical of East Asian warm‐temperate vegetation, Selliguea hastata, to test which of the two scenarios is more likely and to check whether Japan contained putative glacial refugia.• Methods: Using 16 allozyme loci, we obtained genotypes of 756 individuals from 20 populations, representative of the whole distribution area in Korea (including Jeju Island), Japan, and Taiwan. We assessed genetic variability within and among populations, Wright's F‐statistics, and conducted analysis of molecular variance, model‐based Bayesian clustering, and bottleneck tests.• Key results: We found no allozyme variation within populations of S. hastata in mainland Korea, whereas genetic polymorphism was detected for populations from Jeju Island, Japan (in particular a population from southeastern Shikoku), and Taiwan. The levels of inbreeding within populations were high, consistent with the potential of S. hastata for intragametophytic selfing.• Conclusions: Data on allelic richness together with Bayesian clustering methods suggest a pattern of postglacial recolonization of mainland Korea from a single refugium, probably located either on Jeju Island or in Japan. Jeju Island should merit the highest priority for conservation biogeography, as it played a role as a Quaternary refugium for arctic–alpine, boreal, temperate as well as warm‐temperate plants, as suggested here.
Effect of drought stress on bending stiffness in petioles of Caladium bicolor (Araceae)
Authors: Caliaro Marco , Schmich Florian , Speck Thomas , Speck Olga 
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: Cell turgor plays an important role in the mechanical stability of herbaceous plants. This study on petioles of Caladium bicolor ‘Candyland' analyzes the correlation between flexural rigidity and cell turgor. The results offer new insights into the underlying form–structure–function relationship and the dependency of mechanical properties from water availability.• Methods: Bending modulus E of petioles is calculated from two‐point bending tests, taking into account the tapering mode. The corresponding turgor of parenchyma cells during wilting is investigated by pressure probe tests.• Key results: Wilting petioles show highly significant lower values of E than petioles with sufficient water supply. These differences are also found when comparing well‐watered petioles to drought‐stressed petioles having parenchyma turgor values in the same range. These results indicate an additional mechanical system sensitive to drought stress. On the basis of analyses of the contribution of different petiolar tissues toward the axial second moment of area and by using experimentally determined and literature values of E for the different tissues, we were able to (1) recalculate E of the intact petiole and to compare it with experimental data and (2) quantitatively estimate the importance of the different tissues for flexural rigidity and E of the petiole.• Conclusions: Our results show that the decrease in flexural rigidity of petioles of Caladium bicolor ‘Candyland' during wilting results from (1) a water‐loss‐induced decrease in mechanical efficiency of collenchyma fibers and (2) turgor loss of parenchyma cells.
Reduction of CD18 Promotes Expansion of Inflammatory γδ T Cells Collaborating with CD4+ T Cells in Chronic Murine Psoriasiform Dermatitis
Authors: Gatzka Martina , Hainzl Adelheid , Peters Thorsten , Singh Kamayani , Tasdogan Alpaslan , Wlaschek Meinhard , Scharffetter-Kochanek Karin 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
IL-17 is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases. The impact of γδ T cells, accounting for an important source of IL-17 in acute murine IL-23– and imiquimod-induced skin inflammation, in human psoriasis is still unclear. Using the polygenic CD18hypo PL/J psoriasis mouse model spontaneously developing chronic psoriasiform dermatitis due to reduced CD18/β2 integrin expression to 2–16% of wild-type levels, we investigated in this study the influence of adhesion molecule expression on generation of inflammatory γδ T cells and analyzed the occurrence of IL-17–producing γδ and CD4+ T cells at different disease stages. Severity of CD18hypo PL/J psoriasiform dermatitis correlated with a loss of skin-resident Vγ5+ T cells and concurrent skin infiltration with IL-17+, IL-22+, and TNF-α+ γδTCRlow cells preceded by increases in Vγ4+ T cells in local lymph nodes. In vitro, reduced CD18 levels promoted expansion of inflammatory memory-type γδ T cells in response to IL-7. Similar to IL-17 or IL-23/p19 depletion, injection of diseased CD18hypo PL/J mice with anti-γδTCR Abs significantly reduced skin inflammation and largely eliminated pathological γδ and CD4+ T cells. Moreover, CD18hypo γδ T cells induced allogeneic CD4+ T cell responses more potently than CD18wt counterparts and, upon adoptive transfer, triggered psoriasiform dermatitis in susceptible hosts. These results demonstrate a novel function of reduced CD18 levels in generation of pathological γδ T cells that was confirmed by detection of increases in CD18low γδ T cells in psoriasis patients and may also have implications for other inflammatory diseases.
Integración Neural del Pensamiento y la Acción Analizada con Técnicas de Computación en Línea
Authors: Santibañez-H. Guy , Loma-Osorio J. Sebastián 
Published: November 2013

El estudio de las neuroimágenes ha permitido hacer algunos progresos en el conocimiento de los componentes neurológicos que se detectan con las técnicas de computación en línea. Éstas técnicas permiten mantener bajo control operativo la representación de los procesos en estudio, influir intencionalmente en estos procesos, almacenarlos y observar sus cambios. De esta manera, el desarrollo temporal de los fenómenos estudiados es directamente accesible al investigador. Este trabajo presenta el estado actual del estudio sobre la habilidad del sistema nervioso de reflejar diversos aspectos de los medios con los cuales los seres vivos interactúan y operan predictivamente sobre ellos. Es decir, se refiere a cuestiones básicas de los procesos gnósticos, presentado evidencia de que en su génesis y desarrollo la actividad del sistema nervioso es imprescindible, ya que sin él no podrían producirse fenómenos subjetivos. El análisis de los procesos de memoria, atención selectiva, así como el estudio de tareas complejas como el cálculo aritmético o la ejecución del Test de Raven muestran la activación de diversas áreas corticales. Así, los cálculos aritméticos o las simples estimaciones envuelven una mayor extensión de las áreas parietales que de las áreas frontales, mientras que las imágenes cerebrales durante la ejecución del Test de Raven muestran la activación de conjuntos neuronales que son puestos en acción tanto por configuraciones estimulantes concretas,como por configuraciones estimulantes abstractas.
Lo que el Aprendizaje para la Creatividad Exige a la Gestión Institucional en Centros Educativos: Aprendizajes Derivados de una Línea de Investigación1
Authors: Mena Ma. Isidora , Vizcarra Ruby 
Published: November 2013

Hay contextos que facilitan la creatividad y otros que la dificultan. Pareciera quela creatividad, -potencial de todo ser humano-, es susceptible de inhibirse antecontextos que la reprimen, castigan o ignoran como posibilidad. Lo refrenda elque muchas personas no se sienten creativas, y sólo después de indagar en dimensiones privadas o cotidianas de la creatividad como la fantasía, sexualidad, relaciones humanas o cocinar, reconocen que, en efecto, crear es una actividad quetambién ellos realizan. Este artículo es un intento por buscar pistas sobre contextos que permiten desarrollar la creatividad, en una serie de estudios realizados entre 1981 y 2004 en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. El contexto estudiado es el escolar: revisiones teóricas, estudios etnográficos y aplicaciones estudiadas cuasiexperimentalmente, constituyen una línea de estudio en la que cabe discutir ciertas hipótesis respecto a los contextos escolares que facilitan la actividad creadora.
Inteligencias Múltiples, Curriculum del Hogar, Intereses, Autoestimas y Logros Académicos Previos y Actuales*
Authors: Pizarro Sánchez Raúl 
Published: November 2013

Esta investigación analizó y evaluó los “pesos” de las inteligencias múltiples (IMs),curriculum del hogar (CdH), intereses (Is), autoestimas (AUTOs) y logros académicosprevios (Lap) en los logros académicos actuales LAa). Las relaciones son importantese informativas para un fundado desempeño docente, tanto más cuanto queaquellas son transversales y longitudinales, coincidiendo con el desarrollo de nuestrosjóvenes. La población consideró alumnos de 1º. medio científico humanista, colegiosy liceos públicos, subvencionados y particulares, Quilpué, Valparaíso, Chile, 2004.Este artículo corresponde al primer año (de 4) de investigación del ProyectoFONDECYT 1040251, Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educación(UPLACED), 2003. La muestra al azar fue de 471 alumnos a quienes se les aplicaron tests objetivos, cuestionarios y escalas de Shearer para IMs, Pizarro para CdH, Holland para Is, Coopersmith para AUTOs, y de LA. Se obtuvieron 11 coeficientes de correlación múltiple (Rs) significativos que apoyaron la hipótesis postulada: mayor R = 0,4868 (F = 28,583; SIG. = 0,000) y menor R = 0,1342 (F = 5,754; SIG. = 0,017). En 6 de 11 análisis apareció la IM Lógicomatemática, en 4 Castellano de 8º Básico en 3 curriculum del hogar, y en 2 Ciencias e Historia de 8º. Básico. Se concluye que los factores IMs, CdH, Is, AUTOs, Lap explicaron máximamente un 24 % de la dispersión de los LAa. Se espera que tal monto y la contribución analítica de los factores cambien con el desarrollo hasta 4º. Medio de tales alumnos: influencia en los aprendizajes, intereses, autoconceptos y autoestimas, motivaciones y futuros vocacionales y profesionales.
Fenomenología y psicoterapia humanista-existencial
Authors: Sassenfeld Jonquera André , Moncada Arroyo Laura 
Published: November 2013

En este artículo se presenta como marco referencial para la psicoterapia humanista-existencial, algunos conceptos fundamentales de la fenomenología y el método fenomenológico que iluminan el quehacer psicoterapéutico. Con la finalidad de dar cumplimiento a este objetivo, en primer lugar, se delinea la manera en la que los mismos psicoterapeutas humanistas-existenciales entienden el núcleo de la aproximación fenomenológica y, en segundo lugar, se especifica algunos usos posibles de la fenomenología en el área de la teoría y la práctica clínica.