bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Phospholipid
Trans
‐Fatty Acids Levels, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Total Mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Wang Qianyi , Imamura Fumiaki , Lemaitre Rozenn N. , Rimm Eric B. , Wang Molin , King Irena B. , Song Xiaoling , Siscovick David , Mozaffarian Dariush 
Published: August 2014

Background

While self‐reported
trans–
fatty acid (
TFA
) consumption is linked to coronary heart disease (
CHD
), relationships between objective biomarkers of
TFA
subtypes (
t‐
16:1n9, total
t‐
18:1, and
cis
/
trans‐
(
c
/
t‐
),
t
/
c‐
and
t
/
t‐
18:2) and cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) or total mortality are not well established.

Methods and Results

We evaluated 2742 adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study, aged 74±5 years and free of prevalent
CVD
, with plasma phospholipid
TFA
measures in 1992. Incident fatal and nonfatal
CHD
events,
CVD
and non‐
CVD
mortality, and total mortality were centrally adjudicated through 2010. Risks were assessed using Cox proportional hazards. During 31 494 person‐years, 1735 total deaths and 639 total
CHD
events occurred. In the multivariate model including mutual adjustment for the 5
TFA
subtypes, circulating
t
/
t‐
18:2 was associated with higher total mortality (extreme quintile hazard ratio (
HR
)=1.23, 95%
CI
=1.04 to 1.44,
P
‐trend=0.01),
CVD
mortality (
HR
=1.40, 95%
CI
=1.05 to 1.86,
P
‐trend=0.02), and total
CHD
(
HR
=1.39, 95%
CI
=1.06 to 1.83,
P
‐trend=0.01).
t
/
c‐
18:2 was positively related to total mortality (
HR
=1.19,
P
‐trend=0.05), total
CHD
(
HR
=1.67,
P
‐trend=0.002), and nonfatal
CHD
(
HR
=2.06,
P
‐trend=0.002) after mutual adjustment; these associations were insignificant without mutual adjustment. Neither
t‐
16:1n9 nor
t‐
18:1 was significantly associated with total mortality or
CVD
, nor was
c
/
t
‐18:2 if we excluded early cases.

Conclusions

Among circulating
TFA
s,
t
/
t‐
18:2 was most adversely associated with total mortality, mainly due to the increased risk of
CVD
.
t
/
c‐
18:2 was also positively associated with total mortality and
CHD
, but only after adjustment for other
TFA
s. These results highlight the need for further investigation of dietary sources, nondietary determinants, and health effects of specific
TFA
subtypes, especially
t
‐18:2 isomers.
Contribution of Dynamic Vegetation Phenology to Decadal Climate Predictability
Authors: Weiss Martina , Miller Paul A. , van den Hurk Bart J. J. M. , van Noije Twan , Ştefănescu Simona , Haarsma Reindert , van Ulft Lambertus H. , Hazeleger Wilco , Le Sager Philippe , Smith Benjamin , Schurgers Guy 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In this study, the impact of coupling and initializing the leaf area index from the dynamic vegetation model Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS) is analyzed on skill of decadal predictions in the fully coupled atmosphere–land–ocean–sea ice model, the European Consortium Earth System Model (EC-Earth). Similar to the impact of initializing the model with the observed oceanic state, initializing the leaf area index (LAI) fields obtained from an offline LPJ-GUESS simulation forced by the observed atmospheric state leads to a systematic drift. A different treatment of the water and soil moisture budget in LPJ-GUESS is a likely cause of this drift. The coupled system reduces the cold bias of the reference model over land by reducing LAI (and the associated evaporative cooling), particularly outside the growing season. The coupling with the interactive vegetation module implies more degrees of freedom in the coupled model, which generates more noise that can mask a portion of the extra signal that is generated. The forecast reliability improves marginally, particularly early in the forecast. Ranked probability skill scores are also improved slightly in most areas analyzed, but the signal is not fully coherent over the forecast interval because of the relatively low number of ensemble members. Methods to remove the LAI drift and allow coupling of other variables probably need to be implemented before significant forecast skill can be expected.
Power Performance Measurements of the NREL CART-2 Wind Turbine Using a Nacelle-Based Lidar Scanner
Authors: Rettenmeier Andreas , Schlipf David , Würth Ines , Cheng Po Wen 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Different certification procedures in wind energy, such as power performance testing or load estimation, require measurements of the wind speed, which is set in relation to the electrical power output or the turbine loading. The wind shear affects the behavior of the turbine as hub heights and rotor diameters of modern wind turbines increase. Different measurement methods have been developed to take the wind shear into account. In this paper an approach is presented where the wind speed is measured from the nacelle of a wind turbine using a scanning lidar system.
The measurement campaign was performed on the two-bladed Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART-2) at the National Wind Technology Center in Colorado. The wind speed of the turbine inflow was measured and recalculated in three different ways: using an anemometer installed on a meteorological mast, using the nacelle-based lidar scanner, and using the wind turbine itself. Here, the wind speed was recalculated from turbine data using the wind turbine as a big horizontal anemometer. Despite the small number of useful data, the correlation between this so-called rotor effective wind speed and the wind speed measured by the scanning nacelle-based lidar is high.
It could be demonstrated that a nacelle-based scanning lidar system provides accurate measurements of the wind speed converted by a wind turbine. This is a first step, and it provides evidence to support further investigations using a much more extensive dataset and refines the parameters in the measurement process.
UMODpolymorphism rs12917707 is not associated with severe or stable IgA nephropathy in a large Caucasian cohort
Authors: Dinic Miriana , Ghisdal Lidia , Racapé Judith , Thibaudin Lise , Gatault Philippe , Essig Marie , Le Meur Yann , Noël Christian , Touchard Guy , Merville Pierre , Ajarchouh Zineb , Mariat Christophe , Abramowicz Marc , Abramowicz Daniel , Alamartine Eric 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Genetic factors are suspected in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, as well as in the course of IgA nephropathy progression towards end stage renal failure. UMOD polymorphism rs12917707 is known to associate with end stage renal failure of mixed aetiologies.

Methods
We tested a large cohort of Caucasian patients for association of rs12917707 with IgA nephropathy showing a benign, stable course and with IgA nephropathy that progressed toward end stage renal failure.

Results
No association was observed between either groups, and a non-significant trend was observed for more severe IgA nephropathy with the allele reported to protect against end stage renal failure of mixed aetiologies.

Conclusion
We conclude that UMOD is unlikely to play a role in IgA nephropathy pathogenesis nor progression to end stage renal failure, and suggest that UMOD effects are restricted to some causes of renal disease, e.g. diabetes or hypertension.
Rhizotomy targeting the intermediate nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve and the upper 1st to 2nd rootlets of the vagus nerve for the treatment of laryngeal neuralgia combined with intermediate nerve neuralgia-a case report
Authors: Zong Qiang , Zhang Kai , Han Guangliang , Yang Shengye , Wang Lijiang , Li Hongxing 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
In neurosurgery, the most common type of facial and pharyngeal pain is trigeminal neuralgia. In contrast, glossopharyngeal neuralgia is relatively rare, and laryngeal neuralgia is the most rarely observed.

Case presentation
A case of laryngeal neuralgia combined with intermediate nerve neuralgia that was admitted to our hospital in May 2012 was reported here. The patient was a 58-year-old middle-aged female, who experienced 2 years of paroxysmal burning and stabbing pain near the thyroid perichodrium, in the skin covering the right front side of the neck, and deep in inner ear.

Conclusion
The surgical treatment plan similar to that for glossopharyngeal neuralgia could be applied if laryngeal neuralgia is associated with glossopharyngeal neuralgia and intermediate neuralgia or if no obvious improvement is achieved with the above mentioned treatment approaches.
OrthoClust: an orthology-based network framework for clustering data across multiple species
Authors: Yan Koon-Kiu , Wang Daifeng , Rozowsky Joel , Zheng Henry , Cheng Chao , Gerstein Mark 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIncreasingly, high-dimensional genomics data are becoming available for many organisms.Here, we develop OrthoClust for simultaneously clustering data across multiple species. OrthoClust is a computational framework that integrates the co-association networks of individual species by utilizing the orthology relationships of genes between species. It outputs optimized modules that are fundamentally cross-species, which can either be conserved or species-specific. We demonstrate the application of OrthoClust using the RNA-Seq expression profiles of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster from the modENCODE consortium. A potential application of cross-species modules is to infer putative analogous functions of uncharacterized elements like non-coding RNAs based on guilt-by-association.
A 52-week, open-label study evaluating the safety and efficacy of tabalumab, an anti-B-cell-activating factor monoclonal antibody, for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Greenwald Maria , Szczepanski Leszek , Kennedy Alastair , Veenhuizen Melissa , Komocsar Wendy J , Polasek Emery , Guerrettaz Kelly , Berclaz Pierre-Yves , Lee Chin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of tabalumab, a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes membrane-bound and soluble B-cell-activating factor, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods
Patients with RA who completed one of two 24-week randomized controlled trials (RCTs) participated in this 52-week, flexible-dose, open-label extension study. Patients in RCT1 received intravenous placebo, 30-mg tabalumab or 80-mg tabalumab every 3 weeks, and patients in RCT2 received subcutaneous placebo or 1-, 3-, 10-, 30-, 60- or 120-mg tabalumab every 4 weeks (Q4W). Regardless of prior treatment, all patients in this study received subcutaneous 60-mg tabalumab Q4W for the first 3 months, then a one-time increase to 120-mg tabalumab Q4W (60-mg/120-mg group) and a one-time decrease to 60-mg tabalumab Q4W per patient was allowed (60-mg/120-mg/60-mg group).

Results
There were 182 patients enrolled: 60 mg (n = 60), 60/120 mg (n = 121) and 60/120/60 mg (n = 1). Pretabalumab baseline disease activity was generally higher in the 60-mg/120-mg group. There was a higher frequency of serious adverse events and treatment-emergent adverse events, as well as infections and injection-site reactions, in the 60-mg/120-mg group. One death unrelated to the study drug occurred (60-mg/120-mg group). In both groups, total B-cell counts decreased by approximately 40% from the baseline level in the RCT originating study. Both groups demonstrated efficacy through 52 weeks of treatment relative to baseline pretabalumab disease activity based on American College of Rheumatology criteria improvement ≥20%, ≥50% and ≥70%; European League against Rheumatism Responder Index in 28 joints; Disease Activity Score in 28 joints-C-reactive protein; and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index.

Conclusions
With long-term, open-label tabalumab treatment, no unexpected safety signals were observed, and B-cell reductions were consistent with previous findings. Despite differences in RCT originating studies, both groups demonstrated an efficacy response through the 52-week extension.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00837811 (registered 3 February 2009).
Water- and Moisture-sensitive Polymeric Releasing System by Hydrolysis of Acetal Moieties Coexisting with Acidic Units
Authors: Morikawa Hiroshi , Motegi Dai , Umemiya Kensuke , Watanabe Saki , Morinaga Hisatoyo , Motokucho Suguru 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A methacrylate monomer containing acetal and benzaldehyde-derived moieties was copolymerized with a sulfonic acid monomer. The copolymer underwent hydrolysis by neighboring effects to release benzaldehyde molecules upon contact with pure water and moisture in aqueous DMF solution and in the solid state.
Pyrola crypta: A Pacific Northwest species belonging to the Pyrola picta species complex
Authors: Jolles Diana D. , Wilson Carol A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new species of Pyrola was discovered from the Pacific Northwest Physiographic Province of western North America. This new species belongs to the Pyrola picta species complex (section Scotophylla), comprising the closely related P. picta, P. dentata, and P. aphylla. The new species shares a similar habitat with other members of the species complex, but differs in that its geographic range is restricted to the Pacific Northwest. The other species have wider ranges throughout montane western North America. Although the new species is phylogenetically sister to P. dentata, it is nearly indistinguishable morphologically from P. picta, which poses a challenge to species diagnosis. Phylogenetic analyses based on genetic markers from the chloroplast and nuclear genomes show no evidence of recent hybridization between the new species and any of its close congeners. Additionally, morphometric analyses show that the new species has larger floral bracts and sepals relative to plants of P. picta, P. dentata, and P. aphylla from the same geographic region. We provide justification for recognizing a new species, P. crypta, and briefly discuss the importance of recognizing cryptic species.
The typification of the name Anabasis foliosa L. (Chenopodiaceae) revisited
Authors: Sukhorukov Alexander P. , Iamonico Duilio , Jarvis Charles E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe typification of the name Anabasis foliosa L. (≡ Neocaspia foliosa (L.) Tzvelev) (Chenopodiaceae) is revisited. The specimen on the left of sheet no. 316.3 in the Linnaean Herbarium (LINN) is designated as the lectotype.
A clarification of effective electronic publication
Authors: Hodkinson Brendan P. , Lendemer James C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWithin the community of taxonomists studying algae, fungi, and plants, we have recently encountered divergent interpretations of the ICN with regard to certain crucial aspects of effective electronic publication. In an attempt to provide clarification, we dissect the relevant articles and examples, concluding with a set of additional examples and recommendations.
Phylogenetic relationships in the extreme polyploid complex of the New Zealand genus Leptinella (Compositae: Anthemideae) based on AFLP data
Authors: Himmelreich Sven , Breitwieser Ilse , Oberprieler Christoph 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAFLP fingerprinting for 236 individuals from 75 populations and 31 taxa of the Southern Hemisphere genus Leptinella (Compositae: Anthemideae) was carried out in order to infer the evolutionary relationships among the New Zealand representatives of the genus and to compare the results with sequence–based phylogenetic reconstructions for the genus. The New Zealand–based clade of the genus is characterised by the formation of an impressive polyploid complex with ploidy levels reaching from 4x to 24x. We observe a tripartition of taxa into species groups that correspond to species assemblages also found in the sequence–based reconstructions: A basal, presumably paraphyletic stock of tetraploid species (AFLP cluster A) corresponding to the morphologically defined Leptinella subg. Radiata is connected through one of its sub–clusters (A1, the L. minor group) with a monophyletic group of two clusters (B and C) with a sister–group relationship. While AFLP cluster B remained on the tetraploid level, clusters A and C form ploidy series reaching the levels of 16x and 24x, respectively. The lack of intermediate AFLP genotypes demonstrates that polyploidisation has occurred independently in the two clusters forming the L. pectinata/L. pyrethrifolia assemblage (cluster A2) in L. subg. Radiata and the L. dioica assemblage (clusters C1 and C2) in L. subg. Leptinella. The joint consideration of sequence–based reconstructions and AFLP fingerprint patterns further allows the formulation of an evolutionary hypothesis for the genus that tries to explain differentiation processes in a temporal and geographic framework: The available data argue for a Late Miocene (ca. 5–10 Ma) establishment of Leptinella in New Zealand and its further differentiation on the tetraploid level throughout the Pliocene and the Early Pleistocene, followed by extensive polyploidisation cycles caused by the climatic oscillations of the Pleistocene.
Phylogeny of Euclinia and allied genera of Gardenieae (Rubiaceae), and description of Melanoxerus, an endemic genus of Madagascar
Authors: Kainulainen Kent , Bremer Birgitta 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe performed molecular phylogenetic analyses of the Randia clade of the tribe Gardenieae using both plastid and nuclear DNA data. In the phylogenetic hypotheses presented, the African genera Calochone, Euclinia, Macrosphyra, Oligocodon, Pleiocoryne, and Preussiodora are resolved as a monophyletic group. Support is also found for a clade of the Neotropical genera Casasia, Randia, Rosenbergiodendron, Sphinctanthus, and Tocoyena. This Neotropical clade is resolved as sister group to the African clade in analyses of combined plastid and nuclear data. The genus Euclinia appears polyphyletic. The species described from Madagascar represent an independent lineage, the position of which is moreover found to be incongruent between datasets. Plastid and ribosomal DNA data support a sister–group relationship to the mainland African clade, whereas the low–copy nuclear gene Xdh supports a closer relationship to the Neotropical genera. The phylogenetic reconstructions also indicate that Casasia and Randia are not monophyletic as presently circumscribed. A taxonomic proposal is made for the recognition of the Malagasy taxon at generic level as Melanoxerus.
Epitypification of the name Laurus borbonia (Lauraceae)
Authors: Reveal James L. , Gandhi Kanchi N. , Jarvis Charles E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Linnaean name Laurus borbonia was lectotypified in 1966 on a 1731 Mark Catesby etching. However, as the taxonomic identity of the lectotype is ambiguous, and might relate to either Persea borbonia or P. palustris (and may even have been drawn from two different genera of Lauraceae), an epitype is designated here to maintain application of the name in its traditional sense.
Interaction of circadian and stress systems in the regulation of adipose physiology
Authors: Tsang Anthony H. , Kolbe Isa , Seemann Julia , Oster Henrik 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Endogenous circadian clocks facilitate the adaptation of physiology and behavior to recurring environmental changes brought about by the Earth’s rotation around its axis. Adipose tissues harbor intrinsic circadian oscillators based on interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops built from a set of clock genes that regulate important aspects of lipid metabolism and adipose endocrine function. These adipocyte clocks are reset via neuronal and endocrine pathways originating from a master circadian pacemaker residing in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. One important mediator of circadian output is the stress hormone cortisol, which, at the same time, is one of the major regulators of adipose physiology. In this review we summarize recent findings on the interaction between circadian and stress systems in the regulation of adipose physiology and discuss the implications of this crosstalk for the development of metabolic disorders associated with circadian disruption and/or chronic stress, for example in shift workers.
Prokaryotic membrane vesicles: new insights on biogenesis and biological roles
Authors: Haurat M. Florencia , Elhenawy Wael , Feldman Mario F. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Biogenesis and trafficking of membrane vesicles are essential and well-studied processes in eukaryotes. In contrast, vesiculation in bacteria is not well understood. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced in Gram-negative bacteria by blebbing of the outer membrane. In addition to the roles in pathogenesis, cell-to-cell communication and stress response, recent work has suggested that OMVs play important roles in immunomodulation and the establishment and balance of the gut microbiota. In this review we discuss the known and novel roles of OMVs and the different biogenesis models proposed, and address the evidence for cargo selection into OMVs. We also discuss the growing evidence for the existence of membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria and Archaea. Due to their biological importance and promising applications in vaccinology, the biogenesis of OMVs is an important topic in microbiology.
Cell-free expression of G-protein coupled receptors: new pipelines for challenging targets
Authors: Rues Ralf-Bernhardt , Orbán Erika , Dötsch Volker , Bernhard Frank 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Based on their eminent importance for medical applications, G-protein coupled receptors are currently amongst the most frequently membrane protein targets analyzed by cell-free expression. The cell-free expression approach removes most bottlenecks known from conventional cell-based protein production pipelines and ensures fast access to a selected receptor target. In addition, receptors can be synthesized in presence of a large variety of artificial solubilization environments comprising detergents, lipids, nanodiscs and other amphiphilic compounds. The currently accumulated data based on a variety of analyzed receptors already opens promising perspectives for applications of cell-free synthesized samples in functional characterization and drug screening. Structural evaluation still suffers from high conformational dynamics causing sample instability and might be addressed in future by molecular engineering or immuno-stabilization approaches.
Die neue Geschichte aus dem alten Archiv. Geschichtsforschung und Arkanpolitik in Mitteleuropa, ca. 1800 – ca. 1850
Authors: Müller Philipp 
Published: August 2014

Zusammenfassung
Das Studium von Urkunden und Akten in staatlichen Archiven zu historischen Zwecken ist uns heute ein vertrautes wie gängiges Verfahren, um etwas über die Vergangenheit zu erfahren. Gleichwohl dienten staatliche Archive zunächst nicht der historischen Forschung. Der vorliegende Artikel ermittelt zunächst die herrschaftspolitische Funktion der Archive für Staat und Gesellschaft im 19. Jahrhundert, um schließlich danach zu fragen, wie vor der regierungs- und gesellschaftspolitischen Aufgabe der Archive, ihre Bestände für Geschichtsforscher in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts zugänglich werden konnten. Während politische Reformen Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts daran scheiterten, die historische Archivbenutzung institutionell zu verankern, bot die frühneuzeitliche Tradition der Suppliken der Staatsverwaltung ein herkömmliches Mittel, um die politisch durchaus interessante „wissenschaftliche Ausbeutung“ des Archivschatzes mit der regierungspolitischen Sorge um die Integrität der eigenen Arkansphäre und dem Imperativ der Geheimhaltung vereinbaren zu können. Im Zuge verschiedener Handlungen und Kommunikationen vollzog sich eine administrativ kontrollierte „Öffnung des Archivs“. Vor allem aber – so die zentrale These des Artikels – eigneten sich die Geschichtsforscher im Rückgriff auf das alte Archiv nicht allein Urkunden und Akten sondern einen spezifischen, den Archivalien anhaftenden juristischen Wahrheitsbegriff an, welcher qua rechtlichen Beweis der historischen Darstellung einen neuen epistemischen Status des Wahren verlieh.