bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Drinking and Second Primary Cancer Risk in Patients with Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Druesne-Pecollo Nathalie , Keita Youssouf , Touvier Mathilde , Chan Doris S.M. , Norat Teresa , Hercberg Serge , Latino-Martel Paule 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Background: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing data from observational studies to assess the strength of the association of alcohol drinking with second primary cancer risk in patients with upper aerodigestive tract (UADT; oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus) cancer.
Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched up to July 2012 and the reference lists of studies included in the analysis were examined. Random-effects models were used to estimate summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: Nineteen studies, 8 cohort and 11 case–control studies, were included. In highest versus lowest meta-analyses, alcohol drinking was associated with significantly increased risk of UADT second primary cancers (RR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.96–4.50). Significantly increased risks were also observed for UADT and lung combined (RR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.16–3.11) and all sites (RR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.22–2.10) second primary cancers. For an increase in the alcohol intake of 10 grams per day, dose–response meta-analysis resulted in a significantly increased RR of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.04–1.14) for UADT second primary cancers.
Conclusions: Alcohol drinking in patients with UADT cancer is associated with an increased risk of second primary cancers. Studies conducted in alcohol drinking patients with UADT cancer and evaluating the effect of alcohol cessation on second primary cancer and other outcomes are needed.
Impact: Our results emphasize the importance of prevention policies aiming to reduce alcohol drinking. Health-care professionals should encourage alcohol drinking patients with UADT cancer to reduce their consumption and reinforce the surveillance of this at-risk subpopulation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(2); 324–31. ©2013 AACR.
Female sex as an independent risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation: Possible mechanisms
Authors: Albert Christine M. , Andreotti Felicita , Badimon Lina , Van Gelder Isabelle C. , Hylek Elaine M. , Cove Christina L. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryAtrial fibrillation (AF) is an independent risk factor for thromboembolism and stroke. Women with AF are at a higher overall risk for thromboembolic stroke when compared to men with AF. Recent evidence suggests that female sex, after adjusting for stroke risk profile and sex differences in utilisation of anticoagulation, is an independent stroke risk factor in AF. The inclusion of female sex has improved the accuracy of the CHADS2 stroke risk stratification schema (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age 75 years or greater, Diabetes mellitus, and prior Stroke or TIA). The newly revised and validated schema, CHA2DS2-VASc, dichotomises age and incorporates female sex and vascular disease history. The pathophysiological mechanisms to explain this increased risk in women are not well understood. According to Virchow’s triad, thrombosis that leads to stroke in AF should arise from three co-existing phenomena: structural abnormalities, blood stasis, and a hypercoagulable state. Herein, we explore the sex differences in the biological processes that lead to thrombus formation as applied to Virchow’s Triad. The objective of this review is to describe the potential mechanisms behind the increased risk of stroke in AF associated with female sex.
Prolonged duration of type 2 diabetes is associated with increased thrombin generation, prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype and impaired fibrinolysis
Authors: Konieczynska Malgorzata , Fil Korneliusz , Bazanek Marta , Undas Anetta 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIt has been shown that type 2 diabetes (DM) is associated with enhanced thrombin generation and formation of denser fibrin clots of reduced lysability. We sought to investigate the impact of diabetes duration versus glycaemia control on fibrin clot phenotype and its determinants in type 2 diabetic patients. In 156 consecutive Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes we investigated ex vivo thrombin generation, fibrinolytic proteins, along with plasma fibrin clot permeation (Ks
), compaction, turbidity, and efficiency of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)-mediated fibrinolysis. Patients with longer diabetes duration (>5 years, median; n=68) had higher peak thrombin generation (+16.3%, p<0.001), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen (+14.8%, p=0.001), t-PA antigen (+13.9%, p=0.002) compared with those with duration ≤5 years (n=88). No such differences were observed between patients with inadequate glycaemic control, defined as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) >6.5% (48 mmol/mol) (n=77), versus those with HbA1C ≤6.5% (n=79). Fibrinogen, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor antigen, plasminogen and soluble thrombomodulin were unaffected by disease duration or glycaemia control. Lower clot permeability, longer clot lysis, and higher maximum D-dimer levels released from clots (all p<0.05 after adjustment for fibrinogen, age, body mass index, insulin, acetylsalicylic acid treatment, and HbA1c or diabetes duration) were also observed in patients with diabetes duration >5 years and those with HbA1C >6.5%. We conclude that prolonged duration of type 2 diabetes is associated with increased thrombin formation, hypofibrinolysis, and prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype. The impact of disease duration on coagulation is different and stronger than that observed during inadequate glycaemia control.
La production agricole de Damas et de la Ghūṭa au XIVe siècleDiversité, taxation et prix des cultures maraîchères d’après al-Jazarī (m. 739/1338)
Authors: Eychenne Mathieu 
Published: December 2013

RésuméL’histoire économique de Damas et du Bilād al-Shām à l’époque mamelouke demeure un champ de recherche difficile à explorer du fait de la rareté des documents d’archives disponibles et du caractère épars des informations dans les textes historiques. En prenant comme source principale un passage particulièrement détaillé de la chronique de l’historien al-Jazarī (viiie/xivesiècle), cet article entend non seulement mettre en lumière la richesse et la diversité de la production agricole de Damas mais également contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de l’économie et du système fiscal de la ville et de sa campagne, la Ghūṭa, à la fin de la période médiévale.
Influence of Model Biases on Projected Future Changes in Tropical Cyclone Frequency of Occurrence*
Authors: Murakami Hiroyuki , Hsu Pang-Chi , Arakawa Osamu , Li Tim 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The influence of model biases on projected future changes in the frequency of occurrence of tropical cyclones (FOCs) was investigated using a new empirical statistical method. Assessments were made of present-day (1979–2003) simulations and future (2075–99) projections, using atmospheric general circulation models under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A1B scenario and phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The models project significant decreases in global-total FOCs by approximately 6%–40%; however, model biases introduce an uncertainty of approximately 10% in the total future changes. The influence of biases depends on the model physics rather than model resolutions and emission scenarios. In general, the biases result in overestimates of projected future changes in basin-total FOCs in the north Indian Ocean (by +18%) and South Atlantic Ocean (+143%) and underestimates in the western North Pacific Ocean (−27%), eastern North Pacific Ocean (−29%), and North Atlantic Ocean (−53%). The calibration of model performance using the smaller bias influence appears crucial to deriving meaningful signals in future FOC projections. To obtain more reliable projections, ensemble averages were calculated using the models less influence by model biases. Results indicate marked decreases in projected FOCs in the basins of the Southern Hemisphere, Bay of Bengal, western North Pacific Ocean, eastern North Pacific, and Caribbean Sea and increases in the Arabian Sea and the subtropical central Pacific Ocean.
An Experimental Study of Spatial Variability of Rainfall
Authors: Tokay Ali , Roche Rigoberto J. , Bashor Paul G. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Spatial variability of rainfall was studied through a gauge network on the Delmarva Peninsula. The gauge network consists of 11 dual- or triple-tipping-bucket sites ranging from 1- to 150-km separation distances. The time of the tip (0.254 mm) was recorded to a datalogger, and a continuous dataset was available from all sites for over 5 yr (May 2005–July 2010). A three-parameter exponential function was fitted to the paired correlations and the resultant correlation distance was 8–13 km during summer and 51–85 km during winter. The correlation distances showed pronounced year-to-year variability as being 8–43 km and 13–67 km during spring and autumn, respectively. The airmass convection was the main weather system during summer while nor’easters played an important role during winter. The 30-min integration and two-tip rain/no-rain threshold was selected for the base of this study. The correlation distance increased with longer integration periods and was 17 and 32 km for 30 min and 1 h, respectively.
Large-Scale Atmospheric Forcing Influencing the Long-Term Variability of Mediterranean Heat and Freshwater Budgets: Climatic Indices
Authors: Criado-Aldeanueva Francisco , Soto-Navarro F. Javier , García-Lafuente Jesús 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Interannual to interdecadal precipitation P, evaporation E, freshwater budget (E − P), and air–sea net heat flux Q have been correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), eastern Atlantic (EA), eastern Atlantic–western Russia (EA-WR), and Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) climatic indices to explore the influence of atmospheric forcing in the Mediterranean freshwater and heat budget variability. The effect of the MO pattern has similarities with that of the NAO, but MO influence is more intense. On an annual basis, the MO index gives the highest correlation with all the variables considered, and during its negative phase, it exerts a stronger influence than the NAO and is associated with higher P and, especially, enhanced evaporative losses in the Levantine subbasin. The EA pattern does not significantly affect P in the Mediterranean, but a high correlation is found for E and Q from 1979. The EA-WR mode plays a significant role in annual net heat flux since variations in its sign have the potential to induce seesaw variations in the heat budgets of the eastern and western subbasins, as previously found by Josey et al., for wintertime.
Multiscale Characteristics and Evolution of Perturbations for Warm Season Convection-Allowing Precipitation Forecasts: Dependence on Background Flow and Method of Perturbation
Authors: Johnson Aaron , Wang Xuguang , Xue Ming , Kong Fanyou , Zhao Gang , Wang Yunheng , Thomas Kevin W. , Brewster Keith A. , Gao Jidong 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Multiscale convection-allowing precipitation forecast perturbations are examined for two forecasts and systematically over 34 forecasts out to 30-h lead time using Haar Wavelet decomposition. Two small-scale initial condition (IC) perturbation methods are compared to the larger-scale IC and physics perturbations in an experimental convection-allowing ensemble. For a precipitation forecast driven primarily by a synoptic-scale baroclinic disturbance, small-scale IC perturbations resulted in little precipitation forecast perturbation energy on medium and large scales, compared to larger-scale IC and physics (LGPH) perturbations after the first few forecast hours. However, for a case where forecast convection at the initial time grew upscale into a mesoscale convective system (MCS), small-scale IC and LGPH perturbations resulted in similar forecast perturbation energy on all scales after about 12 h. Small-scale IC perturbations added to LGPH increased total forecast perturbation energy for this case. Averaged over 34 forecasts, the small-scale IC perturbations had little impact on large forecast scales while LGPH accounted for about half of the error energy on such scales. The impact of small-scale IC perturbations was also less than, but comparable to, the impact of LGPH perturbations on medium scales. On small scales, the impact of small-scale IC perturbations was at least as large as the LGPH perturbations. The spatial structure of small-scale IC perturbations affected the evolution of forecast perturbations, especially at medium scales. There was little systematic impact of the small-scale IC perturbations when added to LGPH. These results motivate further studies on properly sampling multiscale IC errors.
Effect of coronary artery bypass surgery on left ventricular function as assessed by strain and strain rate imaging
Authors: Durmaz T , Bayram H , Bayram NA , Sari C , Keles T , Bastug S , Bozkurt E 
Published: December 2013

Introduction: This study examined the effect of coronary artery revascularization on left ventricular function and the results of strain imaging for the detection of ischemia before and after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Material and Methods: Sixty-eight patients with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) were included, prospectively. Conventional echocardiography and color tissue Doppler-derived strain-strain rate echocardiographic imaging were performed 24 hours before and 3 months after CABG surgery. Results: While strain rate values of the basal septum, middle segment of the lateral wall, middle segment of the inferior wall, and middle and basal segments of the anterior wall were significantly increased, other segments did not change after the operation. The mean systolic strain rate value was significantly increased after the operation. Left ventricle strain values in the middle segment of the septum, middle and basal segments of the inferior wall, and middle and basal segments of the anterior wall were significantly increased after the operation. No significant difference was noted in the basal septum or the middle and basal segments of the lateral wall after the operation. The mean systolic strain value was significantly increased after the operation. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that strain and strain rate echocardiography can provide an accurate evaluation of regional contractile function after CABG, even in the segments that are apparently normal.
Assessment of detached podocytes in the Bowman's space as a marker of disease activity in lupus nephritis
Authors: Moustafa FE , Soliman NA , Bakr AMA , Shwaf IM El 
Published: December 2013

Podocyte damage is an important pathogenic component of glomerular disease progression. This study is a trial to clarify the value of counting and scoring the number of shed Bowman's space podocytes as an activity parameter of lupus nephritis, a trial that has not been conducted before. This study was performed on 42 female patients with the clinical diagnosis of lupus nephritis. Beside the routine stains tissue sections were stained by colloidal iron and anti podocalyxin for sialomucin. Podocytes in the Bowman's space were counted and scored. Thorough statistical work was carried out to correlate the podocyte scores with the morphological lesions of lupus nephritis. This study revealed significant association and correlation of shed Bowman's space podocytes with histopathological parameters of activity in different classes of lupus nephritis. We concluded that counting and scoring shed Bowman's space podocytes is statistically significant as a marker of disease activity in lupus nephritis. It can be one of the parameters of activity index but not of chronicity index.
Safety of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Virus (MLV) vaccine strains in a young pig infection model
Authors: Martínez-Lobo Francisco Javier , de Lome Laura Carrascosa , Díez-Fuertes Francisco , Segalés Joaquim , García-Artiga Carlos , Simarro Isabel , Castro José María , Prieto Cinta 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the safety of all modified live virus vaccines commercially available in Europe against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) under the same experimental conditions. For this purpose, one hundred and twenty three-week-old piglets, divided into five groups, were used. On day 0 of the experiment, nine pigs per group were removed and the remaining fifteen were vaccinated with the commercial vaccines Ingelvac PRRS MLV, Amervac PRRS, Pyrsvac-183 and Porcilis PRRS by the IM route or were mock vaccinated and used as controls. On day 3, the nine unvaccinated pigs were re-introduced into their respective groups and served as sentinel pigs. Clinical signs were recorded daily and lung lesions were determined on days 7, 14 and 21, when 5 vaccinated pigs per group were euthanized. Blood samples and swabs were taken every three days and different organs were collected at necropsy to determine the presence of PRRSV. None of the vaccines studied caused detectable clinical signs in vaccinated pigs although lung lesions were found. Altogether, these results indicate that all vaccines can be considered clinically safe. However, some differences were found in virological parameters. Thus, neither Pyrsvac-183 nor Porcilis PRRS could be detected in porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cultures or in lung sections used to determine PRRSV by immunohistochemistry, indicating that these viruses might have lost their ability to replicate in PAM. This inability to replicate in PAM might be related to the lower transmission rate and the delay in the onset of viremia observed in these groups
Detection limit of intragenic deletions with targeted array comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Askree S Hussain , Chin Ephrem LH , Bean Lora H , Coffee Bradford , Tanner Alice , Hegde Madhuri 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Pathogenic mutations range from single nucleotide changes to deletions or duplications that encompass a single exon to several genes. The use of gene-centric high-density array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) has revolutionized the detection of intragenic copy number variations. We implemented an exon-centric design of high-resolution aCGH to detect single- and multi-exon deletions and duplications in a large set of genes using the OGT 60 K and 180 K arrays. Here we describe the molecular characterization and breakpoint mapping of deletions at the smaller end of the detectable range in several genes using aCGH.

Results
The method initially implemented to detect single to multiple exon deletions, was able to detect deletions much smaller than anticipated. The selected deletions we describe vary in size, ranging from over 2 kb to as small as 12 base pairs. The smallest of these deletions are only detectable after careful manual review during data analysis. Suspected deletions smaller than the detection size for which the method was optimized, were rigorously followed up and confirmed with PCR-based investigations to uncover the true detection size limit of intragenic deletions with this technology. False-positive deletion calls often demonstrated single nucleotide changes or an insertion causing lower hybridization of probes demonstrating the sensitivity of aCGH.

Conclusions
With optimizing aCGH design and careful review process, aCGH can uncover intragenic deletions as small as dozen bases. These data provide insight that will help optimize probe coverage in array design and illustrate the true assay sensitivity. Mapping of the breakpoints confirms smaller deletions and contributes to the understanding of the mechanism behind these events. Our knowledge of the mutation spectra of several genes can be expected to change as previously unrecognized intragenic deletions are uncovered.
Kinotypes: stable species- and individual-specific profiles of cellular kinase activity
Authors: Trost Brett , Kindrachuk Jason , Scruten Erin , Griebel Philip , Kusalik Anthony , Napper Scott 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Recently, questions have been raised regarding the ability of animal models to recapitulate human disease at the molecular level. It has also been demonstrated that cellular kinases, individually or as a collective unit (the kinome), play critical roles in regulating complex biology. Despite the intimate relationship between kinases and health, little is known about the variability, consistency and stability of kinome profiles across species and individuals.

Results
As a preliminary investigation of the existence of species- and individual-specific kinotypes (kinome signatures), peptide arrays were employed for the analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected weekly from human and porcine subjects (n = 6) over a one month period. The data revealed strong evidence for species-specific signalling profiles. Both humans and pigs also exhibited evidence for individual-specific kinome profiles that were independent of natural changes in blood cell populations.

Conclusions
Species-specific kinotypes could have applications in disease research by facilitating the selection of appropriate animal models or by revealing a baseline kinomic signature to which treatment-induced profiles could be compared. Similarly, individual-specific kinotypes could have implications in personalized medicine, where the identification of molecular patterns or signatures within the kinome may depend on both the levels of kinome diversity and temporal stability across individuals.
Improving care after hip fracture: the fracture? Think osteoporosis (FTOP) program
Authors: Dore Naomi , Kennedy Courtney , Fisher Pauline , Dolovich Lisa , Farrauto Leonardo , Papaioannou Alexandra 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Hip fractures are a common and serious consequence of osteoporosis, and hip fracture patients are at high risk for recurrence. Appropriate pharmacotherapy reduces this risk and is associated with reduced mortality after hip fracture, but a care gap exists for fracture prevention in these patients. This evaluation determined rates of osteoporosis treatment and bone mineral density (BMD) testing in hip fracture patients following discharge from a rehabilitation unit.

Methods
A prospective cohort study of hip fracture patients aged ≥ 50 on an inpatient rehabilitation unit in 2008 and 2011. Patients were seen by a nurse specialist, and encouraged to see their family physician for further assessment and treatment. Physicians were sent a letter indicating the need to follow up with their patient. Patients were contacted following discharge from hospital to determine treatment rates.

Results
Of 310 eligible hip fracture patients admitted to the rehabilitation unit in the years studied, 207 patients were reached post-discharge and provided data. Of patients who were not previously taking osteoporosis medication, 59% of patients from the 2008 cohort, and 42% of patients from the 2011 cohort had osteoporosis treatment initiated by six months following discharge. By 2 months following discharge, 46% of patients in the 2008 cohort had a new BMD performed or scheduled, while this was true for 14% of patients from the 2011 cohort. 35% of patients in 2011 had not seen their family physician by 2 months following discharge.

Conclusions
Rates for osteoporosis treatment and BMD testing were higher than those reported in the literature for patients not enrolled in case manager programs. BMD testing declined from 2008 to 2011. Lower treatment rates may be due to concerns regarding reports of possible association between bisphosphonate use and atypical fractures. Improving rates of patient follow-up with family physicians will be important for increasing hip fracture treatment rates after discharge.