bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traveling ionospheric disturbances in the Weddell Sea Anomaly associated with geomagnetic activity
Authors: Milan S. E. , Grocott A. , de Larquier S. , Lester M. , Yeoman T. K. , Freeman M. P. , Chisham G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe present observations from the Falkland Islands Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radar of the propagation of HF radio waves via the Weddell Sea Ionospheric Anomaly (WSA), a region of enhanced austral summer nighttime ionospheric electron densities covering the southern Pacific and South Americas region. This anomaly is thought to be produced by uplift of the ionosphere by prevailing equatorward thermospheric winds. Of particular interest are perturbations of the WSA‐supported propagation, which suggest that during periods of geomagnetic disturbance, the ionospheric layer can be lowered by several tens of kilometers and subsequently recover over a period of 1 to 2 h. Perturbations can appear singly or as a train of two to three events. We discuss possible causes of the perturbations and conclude that they are associated with equatorward propagating large‐scale atmospheric waves produced by magnetospheric energy deposition in the auroral or subauroral ionosphere. Changes in high/middle latitude electrodynamics during geomagnetic storms may also account for the perturbations, but further modeling is required to fully understand their cause.
Identification of extreme precipitation threat across midlatitude regions based on short‐wave circulations
Authors: Wang Shih‐Yu , Davies Robert E. , Gillies Robert R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe most severe thunderstorms, producing extreme precipitation, occur over subtropical and midlatitude regions. Atmospheric conditions conducive to organized, intense thunderstorms commonly involve the coupling of a low‐level jet (LLJ) with a synoptic short wave. The midlatitude synoptic activity is frequently modulated by the circumglobal teleconnection (CGT), in which meridional gradients of the jet stream act as a guide for short Rossby waves. Previous research has linked extreme precipitation events with either the CGT or the LLJ but has not linked the two circulation features together. In this study, a circulation‐based index was developed by combining (a) the degree of the CGT and LLJ coupling, (b) the extent to which this CGT‐LLJ coupling connects to regional precipitation and (c) the spatial correspondence with the CGT (short wave) trending pattern over the recent 32 years (1979–2010). Four modern‐era global reanalyses, in conjunction with four gridded precipitation data sets, were utilized to minimize spurious trends. The results are suggestive of a link between the CGT/LLJ trends and several recent extreme precipitation events, including those leading to the 2008 Midwest flood in U.S., the 2011 tornado outbreaks in southeastern U.S., the 2010 Queensland flood in northeastern Australia, and to the opposite side the 2012 central U.S. drought. Moreover, an analysis of three Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models from the historical experiments points to the role of greenhouse gases in forming the CGT trends during the warm season.
The need to consider time, level, and trends: A turnover perspective
Authors: Mitchell Terence R. , Burch Tyler C. , Lee Thomas W. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryWe focus on the contributions to research generated by considering attitudes and behaviors as dynamic over time and across different levels. Using turnover research as an example, we demonstrate how a past, present, and future focus, across levels, may enhance both theory and methodology. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The wavelet correlative analysis of climatic impacts on runoff in the source region of Yangtze River, in China
Authors: Qian Kaizhu , Wang Xu‐Sheng , Lv Jingjing , Wan Li 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe source region of Yangtze River in China is a part of Tibet Plateau where the hydrological processes are sensitive to climatic change. The impacts of precipitation, air temperature and evapotranspiration on annual runoff in the source region of Yangtze River during 1957–2009 are investigated in the time‐period domain using wavelet analysis method and multiple regression method. Annual evapotranspiration is calculated with data of precipitation and air temperature based on Takahashi's empirical equation. This approximation of actual evapotranspiration successfully matches the mean annual water balance. Significant periods of runoff, 7–8 year, 20–21 year and 42–43 year, are revealed by using Morlet wavelet. Different significant periods are found for annual precipitation, air temperature and evapotranspiration, whereas the 7–8 year and 42–43 year periods are the same of the runoff. It is indicated by wavelet correlation coefficients that the correlations between runoff and these climatic components depends on periods. Change in the summation of runoff wavelet coefficients at different period can approximately represents the change pattern of real runoff and is correlated with the wavelet coefficients of the climatic components. The correlation can be expressed with a linear multiple regression equation which indicates that the change in annual runoff is contributed by change in annual precipitation rather than change in air temperature. This relationship between runoff and climatic components are different from that in the source region of Yellow River, in China.
Physicochemical and functional properties of beany flavour‐free bambara groundnut protein isolate
Authors: Kudre Tanaji G , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDOff‐odour/flavour (beany) associated with bambara groundnut protein isolate (BGPI), due to oxidative degradation of lipids during either storage or processing, is a major problem limiting its application in foods. In this study, effects of heat treatment (50–80 °C) in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on functional and sensory properties of BGPI were investigated.RESULTSBGPI prepared in the presence of EDTA had lower lipoxygenase and trypsin‐inhibitory activities than BGPI prepared in the absence of EDTA, regardless of the heating temperature used (P < 0.05). Inactivation of lipoxygenase was associated with lowered peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances and beany odour/flavour intensity in BGPI stored at room temperature for 30 days. BGPI with heat treatment at temperatures lower than 70 °C had similar protein patterns to BGPI prepared by the typical process, except for the occurrence of proteins with molecular weight 70–82 kDa. BGPI with heat treatment showed decreased protein solubility but increased surface hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl group content. BGPI prepared in the presence of EDTA exhibited higher emulsion activity and stability indices as well as higher foam expansion and stability than BGPI prepared in the absence of EDTA, regardless of heating temperature (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONHeat treatment at 70 °C in the presence of 100 mmol L−1 EDTA effectively reduced beany flavour development and enhanced the functionality of BGPI. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
TIPS‐Tetracene‐ and TIPS‐Pentacene‐Annulated Poly(norbornadiene)s: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Porz Michael , Paulus Fabian , Höfle Stefan , Lutz Tobias , Lemmer Uli , Colsmann Alexander , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: October 2013

The synthesis of tetracene‐ and pentacene‐annulated norbornadienes, formed through the Diels–Alder reaction of a dehydroacene with cyclopentadiene is reported. Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) leads to polymers that are investigated with respect to their physical, optical, and electronic properties by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV–vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The pentacene‐containing polymer P1 is successfully integrated into an organic field‐effect transistor (OFET); the tetracene‐containing polymer P2 is integrated into an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED).
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A semantic context exchange process for the federated management of the future internet
Authors: Latré Steven , Famaey Jeroen , Turck Filip De 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIn the Future Internet, federations are set up to cope with the stringent quality requirements of services. While a federated solution offers advantages in terms of scalability, it complicates the exchange of context (e.g. Quality of Service information of services) between federated nodes, as each node requires context to perform management tasks. In this article, we propose a context exchange process that automates the context communication between nodes. A scalable approach is proposed that is able to quickly react to local context updates, while maintaining a high level of expressivity to define relationships between federation partners. We distinguish between the context exchange inside an administrative domain, which focuses on scalability, and the context exchange between federation partners, which emphasizes the trust relationships between partners. In both cases, the process allows defining which context needs to be exchanged when and from where. Inside an administrative domain, a combination of RDF and SPARQL rules are used. This allows modeling the contextual requirements of management algorithms and automatically requesting remote context, only when it is necessary for the management algorithms to proceed. Between domains, an OWL‐based approach is used, which allows describing the complex relationships between federation partners. Triggered by the intra‐domain context exchange process, the contextual capabilities are communicated and refined through policies. Both type of processes are evaluated. The results show that they can infer which context is needed in a timely and scalable manner. As such, it outperforms approaches where context is broadcast both in required bandwidth and end‐to‐end delay. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Permanent activation of HMGA2 in lipomas mimics its temporal physiological activation linked to the gain of adipose tissue
Authors: Thies Helge W. , Nolte Ingo , Wenk Heiner , Mertens Fredrik , Bullerdiek Jörn , Markowski Dominique N. 
Published: October 2013

Objective:In this study the activation of HMGA2 and overexpression by FGF1‐driven stimulation of adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSCs) in adipose tissue tumors were analyzed. In addition, the expression of HMGA2 and PPAR‐gamma mRNA were quantified in canine subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue from normal and overweight purebred dogs.Design and Methods:ADSCs and adipose tissue explants stimulated with FGF1 followed by gene expression analyses of HMGA2 and p14Arf using Western‐blot and qRT‐PCR. Furthermore, canine subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) were analyzed by qRT‐PCR for their expression of HMGA2 and PPAR‐gamma.Results:ADSCs and adipose tissue explants are able to execute a HMGA2 response upon FGF1 stimulation. FGF1 enhances proliferation of ADSCs by a HMGA2‐dependent mechanism. In lipomas increase of HMGA2 is accompanied by increased expression of p14Arf. Furthermore, a significantly elevated level of HMGA2 in overweight dogs and a negative correlation between the expression of HMGA2 and PPAR‐gamma in subcutaneous cWAT were noted.Conclusions:These results suggest that WAT contains cells that as essential part of adipogenesis up‐regulate HMGA2 resulting from growth factor stimulation. In subgroups of lipoma, constitutive activation of HMGA2 due to rearrangements replaces the temporal response triggered by growth factors.
Prevalence of depression in cancer patients: a meta‐analysis of diagnostic interviews and self‐report instruments
Authors: Krebber A. M. H. , Buffart L. M. , Kleijn G. , Riepma I. C. , de Bree R. , Leemans C. R. , Becker A. , Brug J. , van Straten A. , Cuijpers P. , Verdonck‐de Leeuw I. M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression in cancer patients assessed by diagnostic interviews and self‐report instruments, and to study differences in prevalence between type of instrument, type of cancer and treatment phase.MethodsA literature search was conducted in four databases to select studies on the prevalence of depression among adult cancer patients during or after treatment. A total of 211 studies met the inclusion criteria. Pooled mean prevalence of depression was calculated using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis.ResultsHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—depression subscale (HADS‐D) ≥ 8, HADS‐D ≥11, Center for Epidemiologic Studies ≥ 16, and (semi‐)structured diagnostic interviews were used to define depression in 66, 53, 35 and 49 studies, respectively. Respective mean prevalence of depression was 17% (95% CI = 16–19%), 8% (95% CI = 7–9%), 24% (95% CI = 21–26%), and 13% (95% CI = 11–15%) (p < 0.001). Prevalence of depression ranged from 3% in patients with lung cancer to 31% in patients with cancer of the digestive tract, on the basis of diagnostic interviews. Prevalence of depression was highest during treatment 14% (95% CI = 11–17%), measured by diagnostic interviews, and 27% (95% CI = 25–30%), measured by self‐report instruments. In the first year after diagnosis, prevalence of depression measured with diagnostic interviews and self‐report instruments were 9% (95% CI = 7–11%) and 21% (95% CI = 19–24%), respectively, and they were 8% (95% CI = 5–12%) and 15% (95% CI = 13–17%) ≥ 1 year after diagnosis.ConclusionsPooled mean prevalence of depression in cancer patients ranged from 8% to 24% and differed by the type of instrument, type of cancer and treatment phase. Future prospective studies should disentangle whether differences in prevalence of depression are caused by differences in the type of instrument, type of cancer or treatment phase. © 2013 The Authors. Psycho-Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvent‐accessible surface area: How well can be applied to hot‐spot detection?
Authors: Martins João M. , Ramos Rui M. , Pimenta António C. , Moreira Irina S. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA detailed comprehension of protein‐based interfaces is essential for the rational drug development. One of the key features of these interfaces is their solvent accessible surface area profile. With that in mind, we tested a group of 12 SASA‐based features for their ability to correlate and differentiate hot‐ and null‐spots. These were tested in three different data sets, explicit water MD, implicit water MD, and static PDB structure. We found no discernible improvement with the use of more comprehensive data sets obtained from molecular dynamics. The features tested were shown to be capable of discerning between hot‐ and null‐spots, while presenting low correlations. Residue standardization such as relSASAi or rel/resSASAi, improved the features as a tool to predict ΔΔGbinding values. A new method using support machine learning algorithms was developed: SBHD (Sasa‐Based Hot‐spot Detection). This method presents a precision, recall, and F1 score of 0.72, 0.81, and 0.76 for the training set and 0.91, 0.73, and 0.81 for an independent test set. Proteins 2014; 82:479–490. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Current on‐off operation of graphene transistor with dual gates and He ion irradiated channel
Authors: Nakaharai Shu , Iijima Tomohiko , Ogawa Shinichi , Li Song‐Lin , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito , Sato Shintaro , Yokoyama Naoki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe demonstrate the current on‐off operation in a novel dual‐gated transistor with a He ion irradiated graphene channel in which defect‐induced transport gap is formed. The transistor operation was performed by controlling the band configuration of gate‐controlled p‐i‐n junction by independent biasing of top gates. The maximum current on‐off ratio of nearly four orders of magnitude was obtained at a temperature of 250 K in the proposed device structure. It was also demonstrated that the transistor polarity can be changed between unipolar and ambipolar just by adjusting the gate bias of one of the dual gates, as expected from the device operation model. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thickness optimization of GaN layers by in‐situ observation of GaN MOVPE on Si (111)
Authors: Liu Cai , Sodabanlu Hassanet , Sugiyama Masakazu , Nakano Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFor MOVPE grown GaN on Si (111) employing low temperature AlN interlayers, in terms of compressive stress introduction to avoid cracking, factors determining the proper thickness of GaN layers were investigated, with the help of in‐situ observation of multi‐wavelength reflectance patterns and curvature transition. For the 1st GaN layer, the stress behavior of it depends on the growth conditions of AlN buffer layer. For the case on an improper AlN buffer layer, GaN takes tensile stress easily and thus its thickness should be limited to reduce the amount of tensile stress. On the contrary, on the optimized AlN buffer layer, the GaN on it was compressively strained and its thickness can be large to introduce more compressive stress. For GaN layers in between AlN interlayers, the thickness should be limited to be less than the critical thickness in which the layer starts to relax. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of arsenic source flow rate on the lattice defects in GaAsN grown by chemical beam epitaxy
Authors: Bouzazi Boussairi , Kojima Nobuaki , Ohshita Yoshio , Yamaguchi Masafumi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe effect of the tridimethylaminoarsenic (TDMAAs) source flow rate on the electronic signature as well as on the trapping density of electron traps in undoped n‐type GaAsN grown by chemical beam epitaxy was investigated by deep level transient spectroscopy and isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopy methods. It was found that the densities of four electron traps, E1 to E4, localized at average energy depths of 0.05, 0.11, 0.16, and 0.39 eV, respectively below the bottom edge of the conduction band, significantly decrease with increasing TDMAAs up to 1.2 sccm. Nevertheless, the decrease of trapping density for these energy states showed quite different behaviors. This result implies that the excess of As atoms in the alloy could limit the formation of these electron traps. Furthermore, it indicates that the degradation of the optoelectronic properties of the alloy is not only caused by the addition of N atom to the lattice of GaAs. An interesting feature of this result is the possibility of recovering the lifetime of minority carriers in p‐type GaAsN material, and, therefore, enhancing the conversion efficiency of GaAsN based solar cells. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Turbulent momentum flux characterization using extended multiresolution analysis
Authors: Nilsson Erik Olof , Sahlée Erik , Rutgersson Anna 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe variability of turbulent momentum flux in neutral and unstable atmospheric boundary layers is characterized by analyzing surface‐layer measurements and data from large‐eddy simulations (LES). The method involves multiresolution (MR) decomposition of vertical wind and advected variables into eddy fluctuations on different scales. It provides a measure of the amount of flux variability that stems from same‐scale correlations and from combinations of different‐scale eddy fluctuations. Combining two analysis methods enabled MR component cospectra to be introduced, in order to study the contribution of downward and upward flux on different scales. These component cospectra were used to investigate at which scales most of the upward and downward momentum flux occurs. By using MR spectra, cospectra and flow visualization, this investigation provides insights into turbulence structure and fluxes in neutral and unstable stratification. It is shown that most of the flux variability in the lower part of the boundary layer can be characterized as a combination of larger scale streamwise elongated horizontal wind streaks and smaller scale vertical wind fluctuations. These streaks are found to account for a large part of downward momentum flux at relatively large, energy‐containing scales. Most of the upward momentum flux is found to occur at smaller scales. This can be interpreted as showing that upward momentum flux in these conditions is caused by the generation of smaller scale secondary motions when larger scale turbulence elements break down and dissipate. Differences in the height dependence of turbulence structure and momentum flux for neutral and unstably stratified conditions are also investigated and related to the existence of wind streaks and horizontal rolls in these different conditions.
Distributed autonomous control system of the smart grid based on the turing pattern model
Authors: Ishida Takeshi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRenewable energy resources, which are generally unstable, affect the performance of electricity grids when they are fully connected. A distributed energy supply network system is expected to compensate for the anticipated performance problems. We have constructed a distributed autonomous system that controls batteries installed in each house. In this system, even if central control does not exist, electrical charging and discharging of the batteries are carried out for self‐organization. As a result, the grid stability is maintained in the local urban district. Our system is based on the Turing pattern model. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Direct Proof for a Lower Reactivity of Monomeric vs. Dimeric Oxidovanadium Complexes in Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Werncke C. Gunnar , Limberg Christian , Metzinger Ramona 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Previous attempts to synthesize and isolate (thiobisphenolate) vanadium(V) dioxido complexes had always provided their dimers containing [O=V(μ‐O)2V=O]2+ cores, and these also dominate the solution reactivity. Hence, the behavior of their parent monomers, which represent the major species in solution, has remained uncertain. Herein we report the development of a synthetic route that allowed for the successful isolation, spectroscopic investigation, and structural characterization of the monomer PPh4[SLVO2] (3) [SL2– = 2′2‐thiobis(2, 4‐di‐tert‐butylphenolate)]. For this purpose PPh4[SLVOCl2] (1) had to be accessed first in order to convert it to the ethoxido compound PPh4[SLVO(OEt)2] (2), which is more prone to hydrolysis. Treatment of 2 with stoichiometric amounts of water followed by immediate cooling to –30 °C led to crystals of 3. After its dissolution NMR spectra were recorded that were identical with those obtained after dissolution of its dimer, thus confirming the monomer/dimer equilibrium postulated previously. The molecular structure of 3 revealed the absence of a V···S interaction, which, however, stabilizes its dimer, and thus suggested the employment of a bisphenolate ligand lacking a bridging sulfur atom to obtain an analogue, which does not undergo dimerization in solution. In EtL2– the sulfur atom is replaced by an ethylmethine unit and indeed the corresponding complex NBu4[EtLVO2] (4) proved to be stable as a monomer. Investigation of its potential as a catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of 9‐fluorenol confirmed a much lower reactivity in comparison to dimeric complexes, which is discussed.
Analytical computation of multiple interference fits under elasto‐plastic deformations
Authors: Wachsmuth G. , Lätzer M. , Leidich E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMultiple interference fits represent high friction‐stressed shaft‐hub connections. High surface pressures together with thin‐walled intermediate parts lead to high stresses and showing strong tendencies to plastic deformations. Cylindrical interference fits and their elasto‐plastic behaviour have been analysed in the literature. However, in the case of multiple interference fits, these methods are not applicable. In this paper, we derive a new calculation method for elasto‐plastically deformed multiple interference fits with hardening material. The analytical method is validated by the comparison of the determined stresses and displacements of several test cases with the solutions of corresponding axisymmetric finite element models.