bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of Substituted Oxa‐ and Azarhodacyclobutanes
Authors: Dauth Alexander , Rigling Carla , Tsoung Jennifer , Love Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe preparation of substituted oxa‐ and azarhodacyclobutanes is reported. After exchange of ethylene with a variety of unsymmetrically and symmetrically substituted alkenes, the corresponding rhodium–olefin complexes were oxidized with H2O2 and PhINTs (Ts=p‐toluenesulfonyl) to yield the substituted oxa‐ and azarhodacyclobutanes, respectively. Oxarhodacyclobutanes could be prepared with excellent selectivity for incorporation of the oxygen atom on the more substituted carbon atom of the alkene. At the same time, azarhodacyclobutanes showed good‐to‐excellent selectivity for heteroatom incorporation on the less substituted carbon. Furthermore, it was shown that steric modifications of the ancillary ligand have a significant influence on the selectivity of Rh–olefin complex formation as well as formation of the substituted azametallacycles.
A Sulfonic‐Azobenzene‐Grafted Silica Amphiphilic Material: A Versatile Stationary Phase for Mixed‐Mode Chromatography
Authors: Qiu Hongdeng , Zhang Mingliang , Gu Tongnian , Takafuji Makoto , Ihara Hirotaka 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA novel sulfonic‐azobenzene‐functionalized amphiphilic silica material was synthesized through the preparation of a new sulfonic azobenzene monomer and its grafting on mercaptopropyl‐modified silica by a surface‐initiated radical chain‐transfer reaction. The synthesis was confirmed by infrared spectra, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. This new material was successfully applied as a new kind of mixed‐mode stationary phase in liquid chromatography. This allows an exceptionally flexible adjustment of retention and selectivity by tuning the experimental conditions. The distinct separation mechanisms were outlined by selected examples of chromatographic separations in the different modes. In reversed‐phase liquid chromatography, this new stationary phase presented specific chromatographic performance when evaluated using a Tanaka test mixture. Seven dinitro aromatic isomers, four steroids, and seven flavonoids were separated successfully in simple reversed‐phase mode. This stationary phase can also be used in hydrophilic interaction chromatography because of the existing polar functional groups; for this, nucleosides and their bases were used as a test mixture. Interestingly, the same nucleosides and bases can also be separated in per aqueous liquid chromatography using the same stationary phase. Three ginsenosides including Rg1, Re, and Rb1 were successfully separated in hydrophilic mode. There is the potential for more applications to benefit from this useful column.
Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Mixed‐Valence Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Triads: A Joint Theoretical and Experimental Approach
Authors: Calbo Joaquín , Aragó Juan , Otón Francisco , Lloveras Vega , Mas‐Torrent Marta , Vidal‐Gancedo José , Veciana Jaume , Rovira Concepció , Ortí Enrique 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis work presents a joint theoretical and experimental characterisation of the structural and electronic properties of two tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)‐based acceptor–donor–acceptor triads (BQ–TTF–BQ and BTCNQ–TTF—BTCNQ; BQ is naphthoquinone and BTCNQ is benzotetracyano‐p‐quinodimethane) in their neutral and reduced states. The study is performed with the use of electrochemical, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemical techniques guided by quantum‐chemical calculations. Emphasis is placed on the mixed‐valence properties of both triads in their radical anion states. The electrochemical and EPR results reveal that both BQ–TTF–BQ and BTCNQ–TTF–BTCNQ triads in their radical anion states behave as class‐II mixed‐valence compounds with significant electronic communication between the acceptor moieties. Density functional theory calculations (BLYP35/cc‐pVTZ), taking into account the solvent effects, predict charge‐localised species (BQ.−–TTF–BQ and BTCNQ.−–TTF–BTCNQ) as the most stable structures for the radical anion states of both triads. A stronger localisation is found both experimentally and theoretically for the BTCNQ–TTF–BTCNQ anion, in accordance with the more electron‐withdrawing character of the BTCNQ acceptor. CASSCF/CASPT2 calculations suggest that the low‐energy, broad absorption bands observed experimentally for the BQ–TTF–BQ and BTCNQ–TTF–BTCNQ radical anions are associated with the intervalence charge transfer (IV‐CT) electronic transition and two nearby donor‐to‐acceptor CT excitations. The study highlights the molecular efficiency of the electron‐donor TTF unit as a molecular wire connecting two acceptor redox centres.
Photoinduced Charge Separation in Zinc–Porphyrin/Tungsten–Alkylidyne Dyads: Generation of Reactive Porphyrin and Metallo Radical States
Authors: Moravec Davis B. , Hopkins Michael D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe luminescent tungsten–alkylidyne metalloligand [WCl(≡C‐4,4′‐C6H4CC‐py)(dppe)2] (1; dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) and the zinc–tetraarylporphyrins ZnTPP and ZnTPClP (TPP=tetraphenylporphyrin, TPClP=tetra(p‐chlorophenyl)porphyrin) self‐assemble in fluorobenzene solution to form the dyads ZnTPP(1) and ZnTPClP(1), in which the metalloligand is axially coordinated to the porphyrin. Excitation of the porphyrin‐centered S1 excited states of these dyads initiates intramolecular energy‐transfer (ZnPor→1) and electron‐transfer (1→ZnPor) processes, which together efficiently quench the S1 state (∼90 %). Transient‐absorption spectroscopy and an associated kinetic analysis reveal that the net product of the energy‐transfer process is the 3[dπ*] state of coordinated 1, which is formed by S1→1[dπ*] singlet–singlet (Förster) energy transfer followed by 1[dπ*]→3[dπ*] intersystem crossing. The data also demonstrate that coordinated 1 reductively quenches the porphyrin S1 state to produce the [ZnPor−][1+] charge‐separated state. This is a rare example of the reductive quenching of zinc porphyrin chromophores. The presence in the [ZnPor−][1+] charge‐separated states of powerfully reducing zinc–porphyrin radical anions, which are capable of sensitizing a wide range of reductive electrocatalysts, and the 1+ ion, which can initiate the oxidation of H2, produces an integrated photochemical system with the thermodynamic capability of driving photoredox processes that result in the transfer of renewable reducing equivalents instead of the consumption of conventional sacrificial donors.
Rhetorical profiling: Modes of meaning generation in organizational topoi
Authors: Barker James , Gilmore Sarah , Gilson Clive 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAccounting for homogenous action in seemingly apparent heterogeneous organizations is a research question that persists across prominent organizational studies literatures, and which have become more persistent and pertinent as organizations have become more global and diverse. To address how differing forms of relatively homogeneous solutions to practical problems arise from otherwise heterogeneous organizations, we develop a rhetorical framework that depicts the role of topoi, often understood as a theme or motif or literary convention, in an organization's rhetorical activity and facilitates the profiling of organizations according to how members use topoi as modes of meaning creation. We assert 10 propositions reflecting how members invent and legitimize functional meaning and demonstrate how such meaning can direct the organization toward different discursive paths. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simplified method for assessing cytotechnologist workload
Authors: Vaickus Louis J. , Tambouret Rosemary 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUNDExamining cytotechnologist workflow and how it relates to job performance and patient safety is important in determining guidelines governing allowable workloads. This report discusses the development of a software tool that significantly simplifies the process of analyzing cytotechnologist workload while simultaneously increasing the quantity and resolution of the data collected.METHODSThe program runs in Microsoft Excel and minimizes manual data entry and data transcription by automating as many tasks as is feasible.RESULTSData show the cytotechnologists tested were remarkably consistent in the amount of time it took them to screen a cervical cytology (Gyn) or a nongynecologic cytology (Non‐Gyn) case and that this amount of time was directly proportional to the number of slides per case. Namely, the time spent per slide did not differ significantly in Gyn versus Non‐Gyn cases (216 ± 3.4 seconds and 235 ± 24.6 seconds, respectively; P = .16). There was no significant difference in the amount of time needed to complete a Gyn case between the morning and the evening (314 ± 4.7 seconds and 312 ± 7.1 seconds; P = .39), but a significantly increased time spent screening Non‐Gyn cases (slide‐adjusted) in the afternoon hours (323 ± 20.1 seconds and 454 ± 67.6 seconds; P = .027), which was largely the result of significantly increased time spent on prescreening activities such as checking the electronic medical record (62 ± 6.9 seconds and 145 ± 36 seconds; P = .006).CONCLUSIONSThis Excel‐based data collection tool generates highly detailed data in an unobtrusive manner and is highly customizable to the individual working environment and clinical climate. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:15–22. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Molecular‐Level Understanding of Ground‐ and Excited‐State OH⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen Bonding Involving the Tyrosine Side Chain: A Combined High‐Resolution Laser Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry Study
Authors: Biswal Himansu S. , Bhattacharyya Surjendu , Wategaonkar Sanjay 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe present study combines both laser spectroscopy and ab initio calculations to investigate the intermolecular OH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding of complexes of the tyrosine side chain model chromophore compounds phenol (PH) andpara‐cresol (pCR) with H2O, MeOH, PH andpCR in the ground (S0) state as well as in the electronic excited (S1) state. All the experimental and computational findings suggest that the H‐bond strength increases in the S1state and irrespective of the hydrogen bond acceptor used, the dispersion energy contribution to the total interaction energy is about 10–15 % higher in the S1state compared to that in the S0state. The alkyl‐substituted (methyl; +I effect) H‐bond acceptor forms a significantly stronger H bond both in the S0and the S1state compared to H2O, whereas the aryl‐substituted (phenyl; −R effect) H‐bond donor shows a minute change in energy compared to H2O. The theoretical study emphasizes the significant role of the dispersive interactions in the case of thepCR and PH dimers, in particular the CH⋅⋅⋅O and the CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions between the donor and acceptor subunits in controlling the structure and the energetics of the aromatic dimers. The aromatic dimers do not follow the acid–base formalism, which states that the stronger the base, the more red‐shifted is the XH stretching frequency, and consequently the stronger is the H‐bond strength. This is due to the significant contribution of the dispersion interaction to the total binding energy of these compounds.
Ionic Liquid‐Assisted Route to Nanocrystalline Single‐Phase Phosphors for White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lorbeer Chantal , Mudring Anja‐Verena 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhite light‐emitting diodes represent the future generation of domestic and public lighting, substituting the currently favored (compact) fluorescent lamps. Research on improving the performance and costs leads to a focus on processing constraints. The optimization of the grain size is judged to be an important tool for minimizing the necessary amount of (expensive rare‐earth containing) phosphors. Using only one type of phosphor that emits white light instead of a mixture of three phosphors (one for blue, green, and red, respectively) will significantly improve the characteristics of future light‐emitting diodes. Small, 6–8 nm‐sized particles emit intense white light observable by the naked eye. The emission color has been studied by varying the dopant ion concentrations as well as the excitation wavelengths, yielding white light close to standard daylight.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and UV Light Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Films Grown by Atmospheric Pressure CVD
Authors: Chua Chin Sheng , Fang Xiaoqin , Chen Xiaofeng , Tan Ooi Kiang , Tse Man Siu , Soutar Andrew McIntosh , Ding Xingzhao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) films are deposited on quartz substrates by atmospheric pressure (AP)CVD, and then annealed under simulated air (80% nitrogen, 20% oxygen) at temperatures from 600 to 900 °C to investigate the change in microstructure and the effect on the photocatalytic activity on the simulated pollutant stearic acid. The as‐deposited TiO2 film is mainly composed of pure anatase phase while the rutile phase is detected only after annealing the film at 900 °C for 1 h. The photocatalytic activity of the annealed films on stearic acid under UV irradiation is found to deteriorate after the films are annealed at temperatures above 700 °C. This decrease in photocatalytic performance is observed to be the result of two possible mechanisms induced by the annealing temperature. The first mechanism is the increase in defect concentration (O− and Ti vacancies) in the annealed TiO2 films for annealing temperatures below 800 °C, and the second mechanism is the formation of large rutile grains at a higher temperature, 900 °C.
Electrochemical Characterization of Egyptian Blue Pigment in Wall Paintings Using the Voltammetry of Microparticles Methodology
Authors: Doménech‐Carbó Antonio , Doménech‐Carbó María Teresa , López‐López Francisco , Valle‐Algarra Francisco Manuel , Osete‐Cortina Laura , Haartman Estrella Arcos‐Von 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe solid state voltammetric response of Egypt blue, Han blue and ploss blue pigments upon attachment to graphite electrodes in contact with aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 is studied by voltammetry of microparticles and scanning electrochemical microscopy. Such voltammetric responses, combined with those for synthetic specimens consisting of binary mixtures of the pigment and SiO2 or CaCO3 as well as ternary ones of CaCO3 and SiO2 mixtures allow for the identification of the pigment and the support in samples from wall paintings using different electrochemical parameters, in particular upon performing the Tafel and modified Tafel analysis of voltammetric peaks. Identification of Egypt blue in microsamples of murals from a Roman archaeological site in Castulo (Jaén, Spain) is discussed.
Src is activated by the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor β/δ in ultraviolet radiation‐induced skin cancer
Authors: Montagner Alexandra , Delgado Maria B , Tallichet‐Blanc Corinne , Chan Jeremy S K , Sng Ming K , Mottaz Hélène , Degueurce Gwendoline , Lippi Yannick , Moret Catherine , Baruchet Michael , Antsiferova Maria , Werner Sabine , Hohl Daniel , Al Saati Talal , Farmer Pierre J , Tan Nguan S , Michalik Liliane , Wahli Walter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlthough non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common human cancer and its incidence continues to rise worldwide, the mechanisms underlying its development remain incompletely understood. Here, we unveil a cascade of events involving peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ and the oncogene Src, which promotes the development of ultraviolet (UV)‐induced skin cancer in mice. UV‐induced PPARβ/δ activity, which directly stimulated Src expression, increased Src kinase activity and enhanced the EGFR/Erk1/2 signalling pathway, resulting in increased epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression. Consistent with these observations, PPARβ/δ‐null mice developed fewer and smaller skin tumours, and a PPARβ/δ antagonist prevented UV‐dependent Src stimulation. Furthermore, the expression of PPARβ/δ positively correlated with the expression of SRC and EMT markers in human skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and critically, linear models applied to several human epithelial cancers revealed an interaction between PPARβ/δ and SRC and TGFβ1 transcriptional levels. Taken together, these observations motivate the future evaluation of PPARβ/δ modulators to attenuate the development of several epithelial cancers.
Use of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) as an early detection tool of low‐intensity leakage from CO2 storage
Authors: Agnelli Marco , Grandia Fidel , Credoz Anthony , Gasparini Andrea , Bruno Jordi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDiffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) have been tested in CO2‐rich, metal‐bearing fluids from springs in the Campo de Calatrava region in Central Spain, to assess their applicability as a monitoring tool in onshore CO2 storage projects. These films are capable of adsorbing metals and recording changes in their concentration in water, sediments, and soils. Considering that CO2 dissolution promotes metal solubilization and transport, the use of these films could be valuable as a monitoring tool of early leakage.A number of DGT have been deployed in selected springs with constant metal concentration. The studied waters show high concentrations of Fe, as high as 1 × 104 μg·L−1, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, and Mn. Comparing re‐calculated metal concentration in DGT with metal water concentration, two different metal behaviors are observed: (i) metals with sorption consistent with the metal concentration (i.e. plotting close to the 1:1 line in a [Me]DGT: [Me]water plot), and (ii) metals with non−linear sorption, with some data showing metal enrichment in DGT compared with the concentration in water. Metals in the first group include Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, and U, and metals in the second group are Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Al. From this research, it is concluded that the metals in the first group can be used to monitor potential leakage by using DGT, providing effective leakage detection even considering low variations of concentrations, episodic metal release, and reducing costs compared with conventional, periodic water sampling.
First meeting of the European canine lymphoma group. Workshop: state of the art and comparative aspects in canine lymphoma. CH‐Lugano, 22 June 2013
Authors: Comazzi Stefano , Guscetti Franco , Marconato Laura 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis satellite meeting to the 12th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma was conceived to bring together European researchers focused on canine lymphoma to explore several facets of this promising model of human disease. A series of invited lectures showed striking similarities between the two diseases namely in topics related to pathogenesis, diagnosis and classification and therapy. In particular, the potential value of the model was shown at the level of the NF‐kB/p65 pathway, the Bcl‐2 family of proteins, Ki67 and the S‐phase fraction, as well as the MMPs, VEGF and PDGF. The utility of the growing body of well‐characterized canine cell lines was stressed. The value of cytology and flow cytometry as tools for diagnosis, disease progression monitoring and prognosis were emphasized, whereas the failure so far of the standard immunohistochemical panel to differentiate between germinal centre and non‐germinal centre diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas subtypes in dogs was discussed. Further contributions included the report of encouraging results from a chemo‐immunotherapy trial administered to dogs with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, an overview on the use of radiation therapy for canine lymphoma and the role of surgery in splenic lymphoma. Altogether, the success of this meeting, attended by more than 160 participants, documents the rising interest for the spontaneous canine lymphoma model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calcium montmorillonite clay reduces AFB1 and FB1 biomarkers in rats exposed to single and co‐exposures of aflatoxin and fumonisin
Authors: Mitchell Nicole J. , Xue Kathy S. , Lin Shuhan , Marroquin‐Cardona Alicia , Brown Kristal A. , Elmore Sarah E. , Tang Lili , Romoser Amelia , Gelderblom Wentzel C. A. , Wang Jia‐Sheng , Phillips Timothy D. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAflatoxins (AFs) and fumonisins (FBs) can co‐contaminate foodstuffs and have been associated with hepatocellular and esophageal carcinomas in humans at high risk for exposure. One strategy to reduce exposure (and toxicity) from contaminated foodstuffs is the dietary inclusion of a montmorillonite clay (UPSN) that binds AFs and FBs in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, the binding capacity of UPSN was evaluated for AFB1, FB1 and a combination thereof in Fischer 344 rats. Rats were pre‐treated with different dietary levels of UPSN (0.25% or 2%) for 1 week. Rats were gavaged with a single dose of either 0.125 mg AFB1 or 25 mg FB1 per kg body weight and a combination thereof in the presence and absence of an aqueous solution of UPSN. The kinetics of mycotoxin excretion were monitored by analyzing serum AFB1‐albumin, urinary AF (AFM1) and FB1 biomarkers over a period of 72 h. UPSN decreased AFM1 excretion by 88–97%, indicating highly effective binding. FB1 excretion was reduced, to a lesser extent, ranging from 45% to 85%. When in combination, both AFB1 and FB1 binding occurred, but capacity was decreased by almost half. In the absence of UPSN, the combined AFB1 and FB1 treatment decreased the urinary biomarkers by 67% and 45% respectively, but increased levels of AFB1‐albumin, presumably by modulating its cytochrome metabolism. UPSN significantly reduced bioavailability of both AFB1 and FB1 when in combination; suggesting that it can be utilized to reduce levels below their respective thresholds for affecting adverse biological effects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of cytotoxic, oxidative stress and genotoxic responses of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on human blood cells
Authors: Turkez Hasan , Yousef Mokhtar I. , Sönmez Erdal , Togar Başak , Bakan Feray , Sozio Piera , Stefano Antonio Di 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study was designed to investigate genotoxic and cytotoxic effects and oxidative damage of increasing concentrations of nano‐hydroxyapatite (5, 10, 20, 50, 75, 100, 150, 300, 500 and 1000 ppm) in primary human blood cell cultures. Cell viability was detected by [3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐thiazol‐2‐yl) 2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and lactate dehydrogenase release, while total antioxidant capacity and total oxidative stress levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei, chromosome aberration assays and 8‐oxo‐2‐deoxyguanosine level as indicators of genotoxicity. The results of [3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐thiazol‐2‐yl) 2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and lactate dehydrogenase assays showed that the higher concentrations (150, 300, 500 and 1000 ppm) of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs) decreased cell viability. HAP NPs led to increases of total oxidative stress (300, 500 and 1000 ppm) levels and decreased total antioxidant capacity (150, 300, 500 and 1000 ppm) levels in cultured human blood cells. On the basis of increasing concentrations, HAP NPs caused significant increases of sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei, chromosome aberration rates and 8‐oxo‐2‐deoxyguanosine levels as compared to untreated culture. In conclusion, the obtained in vitro results showed that HAP NPs had dose‐dependent effects on inducing oxidative damage, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human blood cells. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.