bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High spatial and temporal resolution study of shock wave reflection over a coupled convex–concave cylindrical surface
Authors: Ram O. , Geva M. , Sadot O. 
Published: March 2015

Studying the nature of transient reflections of shock waves from surfaces is important in many engineering fields, e.g. blast protection, supersonic flights, shock focusing, medical and industrial applications and more. The recent advancements in this field reveal that the major obstacle in better understanding this phenomenon by means of experimental investigations is the limited temporal and spatial resolution. An alternative approach to commonly used high-speed photography is based on the use of a single-lens reflex (SLR) camera that captures only one image per experiment. Using this method to study a transient reflection process necessitates repeating each experiment many times while retaining extremely high repeatability. In the present study, we present a solution to this obstacle by means of a fully automated shock tube facility, which has been developed in the course of this study. A typical experiment can be executed a few hundred times with a repeatability of less than 0.01 in the incident-shock-wave Mach number at moderate shock strengths ($M=1.2{-}1.4$). The system offers a very high spatial and temporal resolution description of the transient reflection process of a shock wave over a coupled convex–concave surface. The study of this complex configuration using a fully automated shock tube enables one to observe, in greater detail than ever before, both the transient transition from regular reflection, RR, to Mach reflection, MR, and the reverse transient transition from MR to RR. The geometry studied can also be found in blunt leading-edge reflectors in which higher pressures were recorded, and the results presented also describe in detail the shock reflection process inside such a reflector. The results highlight and strengthen the recent understanding of the importance of high spatial and temporal resolution in determining the transition process from RR to MR over a coupled concave–convex surface. However, despite achieving very high statistical certainty in the experimental measurements, the question of the difference between the pseudo-steady transition criterion and the experimental results remains unresolved.
Stability of Filaments in Star-Forming Clouds and the Formation of Prestellar Cores in Them
Authors: Anathpindika S. , Freundlich J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe exact process(es) that generate(s) dense filaments which then form prestellar cores within them is unclear. Here we study the formation of a dense filament using a relatively simple set-up of a pressure-confined, uniform-density cylinder. We examine if its propensity to form a dense filament and further, to the formation of prestellar cores along this filament, bears on the gravitational state of the initial volume of gas. We report a radial collapse leading to the formation of a dense filamentary cloud is likely when the initial volume of gas is at least critically stable (characterised by the approximate equality between the mass line-density for this volume and its maximum value). Though self-gravitating, this volume of gas, however, is not seen to be in free-fall. This post-collapse filament then fragments along its length due to the growth of a Jeans-like instability to form prestellar cores. We suggest dense filaments in typical star-forming clouds classified as gravitationally super-critical under the assumption of: (i) isothermality when in fact, they are not, and (ii) extended radial profiles as against pressure-truncated, that significantly over-estimates their mass line-density, are unlikely to experience gravitational free-fall. The radial density and temperature profile derived for this post-collapse filament is consistent with that deduced for typical filamentary clouds mapped in recent surveys of nearby star-forming regions.
Molecular and morphological characterization ofAustrodiplostomum ostrowskiaeDronen, 2009 (Digenea: Diplostomatidae), a parasite of cormorants in the Americas
Authors: García-Varela M. , Sereno-Uribe A.L. , Pinacho-Pinacho C.D. , Domínguez-Domínguez O. , Pérez-Ponce de León G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe diplostomid genusAustrodiplostomumcurrently contains two species, i.e.A. mordaxandA. ostrowskiae. Adults of these species inhabit the intestine of cormorants of the genusNannopterum, whereas larval forms (metacercariae) are found in the eyes (vitreous humor) of freshwater fishes. Records of both species have been established across a wide geographic range in the Americas. Diplostomid adults and metacercariae were collected from a wide geographical range that spans from south-eastern Mexico, southwards to Central and South America. Even though the diplostomid has been largely reported in Mexico asDiplostomum(Austrodiplostomum)compactum, our specimens were identified morphologically asA. ostrowskiae. Sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochromecoxidase (cox1) were obtained for 86 individuals, including 15 adults recovered from the intestine ofNannopterum brasilianus, in five localities, and 71 metacercariae from the eyes of ten fish species, in 13 localities. Sequences were used to evaluate the genetic diversity, and to test conspecificity of these specimens with the available sequence ofA. ostrowskiae. Sequences were aligned with another 12 taxa representing five genera of Diplostomatidae, forming a dataset of 104 taxa with 478 nucleotides. The genetic divergence estimated among the 86 sequenced individuals, and that ofA. ostrowskiaefrom the double-crested cormorant,Nannopterum auritus, in the USA, was very low, ranging from 0 to 0.8%. The maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian consensus trees showed that all sequences nested within a monophyletic lineage, with strong bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probability support values (100/1.0). In conclusion, a link between the metacercariae in fish and the adults in cormorants was established, indicating also that a single species is found in the distribution range comprising southern USA, southwards to Venezuela. Previous records of this species, particularly from Mexico, need to be corrected.
Evidence-based management of epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Syed I , Sunkaraneni V S 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground:There are currently no guidelines in the UK for the specific management of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia related epistaxis. The authors aimed to review the literature and provide an algorithm for the management of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia related epistaxis.Method:The Medline and Embase databases were interrogated on 15 November 2013 using the search items ‘hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia’ (title), ‘epistaxis’ (title) and ‘treatment’ (title and abstract), and limiting the search to articles published in English.Results:A total of 46 publications were identified, comprising 1 systematic review, 2 randomised, controlled trials, 27 case series, 9 case reports, 4 questionnaire studies and 3in vitrostudies.Conclusion:There is a lack of high-level evidence for the use of many of the available treatments for the specific management of epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Current management should be based on a multidisciplinary team approach involving both a hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia physician and an ENT surgeon, especially when systemic therapy is being considered. The suggested treatment algorithm considers that the severity of epistaxis merits intervention at different levels of the treatment ladder. The patient should be assessed using a reproducible validated assessment tool, for example an epistaxis severity score, to guide treatment. More research is required, particularly in the investigation of topical agents targeting the development and fragility of telangiectasiae in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Ecology of malaria infections in western lowland gorillas inhabiting Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic
Authors: MAPUA MWANAHAMISI I. , QABLAN MONEEB A. , POMAJBÍKOVÁ KATEŘINA , PETRŽELKOVÁ KLÁRA J. , HŮZOVÁ ZUZANA , RÁDROVÁ JANA , VOTÝPKA JAN , TODD ANGELIQUE , JIRKŮ MILAN , LEENDERTZ FABIAN H. , LUKEŠ JULIUS , NEEL CECILE , MODRÝ DAVID 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYAfrican great apes are susceptible to infections with several species of Plasmodium, including the predecessor of Plasmodium falciparum. Little is known about the ecology of these pathogens in gorillas. A total of 131 gorilla fecal samples were collected from Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas to study the diversity and prevalence of Plasmodium species. The effects of sex and age as factors influencing levels of infection with Plasmodium in habituated gorilla groups were assessed. Ninety-five human blood samples from the same locality were also analysed to test for cross-transmission between humans and gorillas. According to a cytB PCR assay 32% of gorilla's fecal samples and 43·1% human individuals were infected with Plasmodium spp. All Laverania species, Plasmodium vivax, and for the first time Plasmodium ovale were identified from gorilla samples. Plasmodium praefalciparum was present only from habituated individuals and P. falciparum was detected from human samples. Although few P. vivax and P. ovale sequences were obtained from gorillas, the evidence for cross-species transmission between humans and gorillas requires more in depth analysis. No association was found between malaria infection and sex, however, younger individuals aged ≤6 years were more susceptible. Switching between two different Plasmodium spp. was observed in three individuals. Prolonged monitoring of Plasmodium infection during various seasons and recording behavioural data is necessary to draw a precise picture about the infection dynamics.
Host genetic influences on the anthelmintic efficacy of papaya-derived cysteine proteinases in mice
Authors: LUOGA WENCESLAUS , MANSUR FADLUL , STEPEK GILLIAN , LOWE ANN , DUCE IAN R. , BUTTLE DAVID. J. , BEHNKE JERZY M. 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYEight strains of mice, of contrasting genotypes, infected with Heligmosomoides bakeri were studied to determine whether the anthelmintic efficacy of papaya latex varied between inbred mouse strains and therefore whether there is an underlying genetic influence on the effectiveness of removing the intestinal nematode. Infected mice were treated with 330 nmol of crude papaya latex or with 240 nmol of papaya latex supernatant (PLS). Wide variation of response between different mouse strains was detected. Treatment was most effective in C3H (90·5–99·3% reduction in worm counts) and least effective in CD1 and BALB/c strains (36·0 and 40·5%, respectively). Cimetidine treatment did not improve anthelmintic efficacy of PLS in a poor drug responder mouse strain. Trypsin activity, pH and PLS activity did not differ significantly along the length of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract between poor (BALB/c) and high (C3H) drug responder mouse strains. Our data indicate that there is a genetic component explaining between-mouse variation in the efficacy of a standard dose of PLS in removing worms, and therefore warrant some caution in developing this therapy for wider scale use in the livestock industry, and even in human medicine.
Surgical approach to a rare case of double-outlet right ventricle and aortopulmonary window
Authors: Tunks Robert D. , Steed R. Dennis , Lodge Andrew J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlthough the spectrum of physiology seen in infants and children with double-outlet right ventricle is broad, this anatomy in combination with an aortopulmonary window is extremely rare. We present an interesting case of an infant prenatally diagnosed with this rare CHD. To our knowledge, this is the first report of complete repair in the neonatal period for such a combination of defects.
Extractive summarization of multi-party meetings through discourse segmentation
Authors: BOKAEI MOHAMMAD HADI , SAMETI HOSSEIN , LIU YANG 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this article we tackle the problem of multi-party conversation summarization. We investigate the role of discourse segmentation of a conversation on meeting summarization. First, an unsupervised function segmentation algorithm is proposed to segment the transcript into functionally coherent parts, such asMonologuei(which indicates a segment where speakeriis the dominant speaker, e.g., lecturing all the other participants) orDiscussionx1x2, . . .,xn(which indicates a segment where speakersx1toxninvolve in a discussion). Then the salience score for a sentence is computed by leveraging the score of the segment containing the sentence. Performance of our proposed segmentation and summarization algorithms is evaluated using the AMI meeting corpus. We show better summarization performance over other state-of-the-art algorithms according to different metrics.
Dynamic formation of single-atom catalytic active sites on ceria-supported gold nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yang-Gang , Mei Donghai , Glezakou Vassiliki-Alexandra , Li Jun , Rousseau Roger 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCatalysis by gold supported on reducible oxides has been extensively studied, yet issues such as the nature of the catalytic site and the role of the reducible support remain fiercely debated topics. Here we present ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of an unprecedented dynamic single-atom catalytic mechanism for the oxidation of carbon monoxide by ceria-supported gold clusters. The reported dynamic single-atom catalytic mechanism results from the ability of the gold cation to strongly couple with the redox properties of the ceria in a synergistic manner, thereby lowering the energy of redox reactions. The gold cation can break away from the gold nanoparticle to catalyse carbon monoxide oxidation, adjacent to the metal/oxide interface and subsequently reintegrate back into the nanoparticle after the reaction is completed. Our study highlights the importance of the dynamic creation of active sites under reaction conditions and their essential role in catalysis.
Insight into Bio-metal Interface Formation in vacuo: Interplay of S-layer Protein with Copper and Iron
Authors: Makarova Anna A. , Grachova Elena V. , Neudachina Vera S. , Yashina Lada V. , Blüher Anja , Molodtsov Serguei L. , Mertig Michael , Ehrlich Hermann , Adamchuk Vera K. , Laubschat Clemens , Vyalikh Denis V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe mechanisms of interaction between inorganic matter and biomolecules, as well as properties of resulting hybrids, are receiving growing interest due to the rapidly developing field of bionanotechnology. The majority of potential applications for metal-biohybrid structures require stability of these systems under vacuum conditions, where their chemistry is elusive and may differ dramatically from the interaction between biomolecules and metal ions in vivo. Here we report for the first time a photoemission and X-ray absorption study of the formation of a hybrid metal-protein system, tracing step-by-step the chemical interactions between the protein and metals (Cu and Fe) in vacuo. Our experiments reveal stabilization of the enol form of peptide bonds as the result of protein-metal interactions for both metals. The resulting complex with copper appears to be rather stable. In contrast, the system with iron decomposes to form inorganic species like oxide, carbide, nitride and cyanide.
Halloysite Nanotubes Capturing Isotope Selective Atmospheric CO2
Authors: Jana Subhra , Das Sankar , Ghosh Chiranjit , Maity Abhijit , Pradhan Manik 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWith the aim to capture and subsequent selective trapping of CO2, a nanocomposite has been developed through selective modification of the outer surface of the halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with an organosilane to make the nanocomposite a novel solid-phase adsorbent to adsorb CO2 from the atmosphere at standard ambient temperature and pressure. The preferential adsorption of three major abundant isotopes of CO2 (12C16O2, 13C16O2 and 12C16O18O) from the ambient air by amine functionalized HNTs has been explored using an optical cavity-enhanced integrated cavity output spectroscopy. CO2 adsorption/desorption cycling measurements demonstrate that the adsorbent can be regenerated at relatively low temperature and thus, recycled repeatedly to capture atmospheric CO2. The amine grafted halloysite shows excellent stability even in oxidative environments and has high efficacy of CO2 capture, introducing a new route to the adsorption of isotope selective atmospheric CO2.
Tuning Locality of Pair Coherence in Graphene-based Andreev Interferometers
Authors: Kim Minsoo , Jeong Dongchan , Lee Gil-Ho , Shin Yun-Sok , Lee Hyun-Woo , Lee Hu-Jong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report on gate-tuned locality of superconductivity-induced phase-coherent magnetoconductance oscillations in a graphene-based Andreev interferometer, consisting of a T-shaped graphene bar in contact with a superconducting Al loop. The conductance oscillations arose from the flux change through the superconducting Al loop, with gate-dependent Fraunhofer-type modulation of the envelope. We confirm a transitional change in the character of the pair coherence, between local and nonlocal, in the same device as the effective length-to-width ratio of the device was modulated by tuning the pair-coherence length ξT in the graphene layer.
Macromolecularly crowded in vitro microenvironments accelerate the production of extracellular matrix-rich supramolecular assemblies
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Satyam Abhigyan , Fan Xingliang , Collin Estelle , Rochev Yury , Rodriguez Brian J. , Gorelov Alexander , Dillon Simon , Joshi Lokesh , Raghunath Michael , Pandit Abhay , Zeugolis Dimitrios I. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTherapeutic strategies based on the principles of tissue engineering by self-assembly put forward the notion that functional regeneration can be achieved by utilising the inherent capacity of cells to create highly sophisticated supramolecular assemblies. However, in dilute ex vivo microenvironments, prolonged culture time is required to develop an extracellular matrix-rich implantable device. Herein, we assessed the influence of macromolecular crowding, a biophysical phenomenon that regulates intra- and extra-cellular activities in multicellular organisms, in human corneal fibroblast culture. In the presence of macromolecules, abundant extracellular matrix deposition was evidenced as fast as 48 h in culture, even at low serum concentration. Temperature responsive copolymers allowed the detachment of dense and cohesive supramolecularly assembled living substitutes within 6 days in culture. Morphological, histological, gene and protein analysis assays demonstrated maintenance of tissue-specific function. Macromolecular crowding opens new avenues for a more rational design in engineering of clinically relevant tissue modules in vitro.
Identification of the optic recess region as a morphogenetic entity in the zebrafish forebrain
Authors: Affaticati Pierre , Yamamoto Kei , Rizzi Barbara , Bureau Charlotte , Peyriéras Nadine , Pasqualini Catherine , Demarque Michaël , Vernier Philippe 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRegionalization is a critical, highly conserved step in the development of the vertebrate brain. Discrepancies exist in how regionalization of the anterior vertebrate forebrain is conceived since the “preoptic area” is proposed to be a part of the telencephalon in tetrapods but not in teleost fish. To gain insight into this complex morphogenesis, formation of the anterior forebrain was analyzed in 3D over time in zebrafish embryos, combining visualization of proliferation and differentiation markers, with that of developmental genes. We found that the region containing the preoptic area behaves as a coherent morphogenetic entity, organized around the optic recess and located between telencephalon and hypothalamus. This optic recess region (ORR) makes clear borders with its neighbor areas and expresses a specific set of genes (dlx2a, sim1a and otpb). We thus propose that the anterior forebrain (secondary prosencephalon) in teleosts contains three morphogenetic entities (telencephalon, ORR and hypothalamus), instead of two (telencephalon and hypothalamus). The ORR in teleosts could correspond to “telencephalic stalk area” and “alar hypothalamus” in tetrapods, resolving current inconsistencies in the comparison of basal forebrain among vertebrates.
Modeling Post-death Transmission of Ebola: Challenges for Inference and Opportunities for Control
Authors: Weitz Joshua S. , Dushoff Jonathan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMultiple epidemiological models have been proposed to predict the spread of Ebola in West Africa. These models include consideration of counter-measures meant to slow and, eventually, stop the spread of the disease. Here, we examine one component of Ebola dynamics that is of ongoing concern – the transmission of Ebola from the dead to the living. We do so by applying the toolkit of mathematical epidemiology to analyze the consequences of post-death transmission. We show that underlying disease parameters cannot be inferred with confidence from early-stage incidence data (that is, they are not “identifiable”) because different parameter combinations can produce virtually the same epidemic trajectory. Despite this identifiability problem, we find robustly that inferences that don't account for post-death transmission tend to underestimate the basic reproductive number – thus, given the observed rate of epidemic growth, larger amounts of post-death transmission imply larger reproductive numbers. From a control perspective, we explain how improvements in reducing post-death transmission of Ebola may reduce the overall epidemic spread and scope substantially. Increased attention to the proportion of post-death transmission has the potential to aid both in projecting the course of the epidemic and in evaluating a portfolio of control strategies.
Indirect protein quantification of drug-transforming enzymes using peptide group-specific immunoaffinity enrichment and mass spectrometry
Authors: Weiß Frederik , Schnabel Anke , Planatscher Hannes , van den Berg Bart H. J. , Serschnitzki Bettina , Nuessler Andreas K. , Thasler Wolfgang E. , Weiss Thomas S. , Reuss Matthias , Stoll Dieter , Templin Markus F. , Joos Thomas O. , Marcus Katrin , Poetz Oliver 
Published: March 2015

AbstractImmunoaffinity enrichment of proteotypic peptides, coupled with selected reaction monitoring, enables indirect protein quantification. However the lack of suitable antibodies limits its widespread application. We developed a method in which multi-specific antibodies are used to enrich groups of peptides, thus facilitating multiplexed quantitative protein assays. We tested this strategy in a pharmacokinetic experiment by targeting a group of homologous drug transforming proteins in human hepatocytes. Our results indicate the generic applicability of this method to any biological system.
Pressure-induced zigzag phosphorus chain and superconductivity in boron monophosphide
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Qin Jiaqian , Liu Hanyu , Zhang Shiliang , Ma Mingzhen , Luo Wei , Liu Riping , Ahuja Rajeev 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report on the prediction of the zinc-blende structure BP into a novel C2/m phase from 113 to 208 GPa which possesses zigzag phosphorus chain structure, followed by another P42/mnm structure above 208 GPa above using the particle-swarm search method. Strong electron-phonon coupling λ in compressed BP is found, in particular for C2/m phase with the zigzag phosphorus chain, which has the highest λ (0.56–0.61) value among them, leading to its high superconducting critical temperature Tc (9.4 K–11.5 K), which is comparable with the 4.5 K to 13 K value of black phosphorus phase I (orthorhombic, Cmca). This is the first system in the boron phosphides which shows superconductivity from the present theoretical calculations. Our results show that pressure-induced zigzag phosphorus chain in BP exhibit higher superconducting temperature TC, opening a new route to search and design new superconductor materials with zigzag phosphorus chains.