bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Eg5 activity contributes to mitotic spindle checkpoint activation and Tat‐mediated apoptosis in CD4‐positive T‐lymphocytes
Authors: Liu Min , Li Dengwen , Sun Lei , Chen Jie , Sun Xiaodong , Zhang Linlin , Huo Lihong , Zhou Jun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTat, the transactivation factor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1), represents one of the major players mediating the loss of CD4‐positive T‐lymphocytes in HIV‐1‐infected patients, primarily due to the ability of Tat to trigger apoptosis. However, the molecular events underlying this process remain elusive. In this study, we provide evidence that Tat interacts with Eg5, a microtubule‐associated motor protein, and allosterically modulates the ATPase activity of Eg5 by affecting ADP release from the enzyme's active centre. This action of Tat impairs the formation of the mitotic spindle and activates the spindle checkpoint, thereby blocking cell cycle progression at mitosis and leading to apoptosis. Further studies reveal that lysine 85 in the carboxyl terminus of Tat is critical for its interaction with Eg5 and hence its effects on Eg5 activity, mitotic progression, and apoptosis. These findings identify Tat as a viral regulator of Eg5 and provide novel insights into the mechanisms of action of Tat in mediating the reduction of CD4‐positive T‐lymphocytes. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary outcomes in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma treated with involved field radiation
Authors: Venkatramani Rajkumar , Kamath Sunil , Wong Kenneth , Olch Arthur J , Malvar Jemily , Sposto Richard , Goodarzian Fariba , Freyer David R. , Keens Thomas G. , Mascarenhas Leo 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundAbnormalities in pulmonary function tests (PFT) and clinical symptoms have been reported in up to one third of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treated with irradiation. The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of pulmonary complications in HL patients treated using contemporary protocols.ProceduresEligible patients at Children's Hospital Los Angeles from 1999 to 2009 were identified from the radiation oncology database. Clinical features, radiographic findings, PFT, and radiation details were retrospectively ascertained.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis of 65 patients with HL was 13.6 years and the median follow‐up was 3.7 years. The median prescribed radiation dose was 21 Gy. The prevalence of clinical symptoms was low: chronic cough (3%), dyspnea (9.2%), and supplemental oxygen requirement (1.5%). Radiological interstitial lung changes were observed in 31% of the patients. PFT results following irradiation were available in 38 patients. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow 25–75% (FEF25–75%) were decreased in 13% and 11% of patients respectively. Residual volume (RV) was elevated in 21%. Total Lung capacity (TLC) was decreased in 8%. Age at irradiation (P = 0.004), maximum lung dose (P = 0.03), and volume of lung receiving >25 Gy were associated with development of adverse pulmonary outcomes on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, older age was associated with worse outcomes.ConclusionIn survivors of pediatric HL, involved field irradiation was accompanied by a low prevalence of pulmonary symptoms but substantial subclinical dysfunction. Older age at irradiation was associated with worse pulmonary outcomes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1277–1281. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Communicating science to students: Investigating professional botanic garden educators' talk during guided school visits
Authors: Zhai Junqing , Dillon Justin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBotanic gardens are popular destinations for school visits to learn about plant‐based science. However, little is known about teaching and learning in such settings, in particular about school visits guided by professional botanic garden educators (BGEs). The purpose of this study was to identify the pedagogical moves of the BGEs during guided school visits. More specifically, this study follows a qualitative research design, investigating six elementary school groups (7‐ to 11‐years old) guided by three BGEs. The guided visits were videotaped and the transcripts analyzed in order to find out the patterns of the BGE and student discourse. The findings from this study indicate that although BGE‐student dialogic interactions occasionally occurred, a non‐interactive/authoritative communicative approach was the more common practice of the BGEs when communicating science to students. However, the components of storytelling and the use of analogies identified have a great potential for enriching the explanatory talk of the BGEs. The results of this study suggest that the dynamics of discourse during guided school visits were shaped by both the BGEs and students through the shift of power during this discourse. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 407–429, 2014
Azobenzene‐Functionalized SBA‐15 Material for Application in Selective Separation
Authors: Timm Jana , Stoltenberg Christian , Senker Jürgen , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSelective adsorption of large organic molecules is controlled by switchable azobenzene‐based molecules. The azobenzene molecules change their configuration after irradiation with light of 365 nm from the trans to the cis isomer. The light‐induced process occurs in the pore‐system of the mesoporous silica SBA‐15. A new synthetic route is presented allowing a distinct control of the density of functionalization on the inner pore walls of SBA‐15. This control may lead to more possible applications of the functionalized mesoporous silica material. Herein we show that the behavior of the silica matrix depends on the density of functionalization. The density of the azobenzene functionalization in SBA‐15 enables the selective up‐take of different dye molecules. Not only the density is responsible for the selective up‐take but also the configuration (cis or trans) of the azobenzene units in the pores. Furthermore dependences concerning the release of the embedded dye molecules are observed.
Morphometry to identify subtypes of leukocytes
Authors: Tozetti Pablo B , Lima Ewelyne M , Nascimento Andrews M , Endringer Denise C , Pinto Fernanda E , Andrade Tadeu U , Mittag Anja , Tarnok Attila , Lenz Dominik 
Published: January 2014

INTRODUCTION:
Recent studies in image cytometry evaluated the replacement of specific markers by morphological parameters. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a method to identify subtypes of leukocytes using morphometric data of the nuclei.

METHOD:
The analyzed images were generated with a laser scanning cytometer. Two free programs were used for image analysis and statistical evaluation: Cellprofiler and Tanagra respectively. A sample of leukocytes with 200 sets of images (DAPI, CD45 and CD14) was analyzed. Using feature selection, the 20 best parameters were chosen to conduct cross-validation.

RESULTS:
The morphometric data identified the subpopulations of the analyzed leukocytes with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.95 per sample.

CONCLUSION:
The present study is the first that identifies subpopulations of leukocytes by nuclear morphology.
Intellectuals and the One-party State in Nationalist China: The Case of the Central Politics School (1927–1947)
Authors: WANG CHEN-CHENG 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper aims to provide a new perspective on the relationship between Nationalist Party (GMD) cadres and Chinese intellectuals. By studying the Central Politics School, a major GMD political training institute for professional party cadres, I hope to reassess the nature of the GMD one-party state and remind researchers of the difficult choices it faced between backing party-liners needed for the political struggle and accommodating depoliticized intellectuals needed for public administration. This paper will argue that GMD political impotence in competition with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was due less to an inadequate recruitment of capable experts than to the over-specialization of its well-trained cadres on technical tasks. In fact, the cadres from the Central Politics School generally resembled those considered to be ‘intellectuals’ at educational level and in ideology. This compels us to reconsider how to define ‘intellectuals’ and whether they were as uniformly alienated from the one-party state as most of the scholarly literature suggests.
Organisational Hybridity in a Post-Corporatist Welfare Mix: The Case of the Third Sector in Belgium
Authors: HUSTINX LESLEY , VERSCHUERE BRAM , DE CORTE JORIS 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlthough mixed public–private provisions of welfare have always been a typical characteristic of continental welfare states, recent international scholarship has pointed to a historically new process of institutional hybridisation, with a more systematic intermingling of rationalities of the state, market and third sector within one and the same organisation. In this article, we address two limitations in the current knowledge: first, the absence of an indicator-model for exploring organisational hybridity empirically; second, the lack of sensitivity to cross-national variation depending on the welfare regime. We develop a multi-dimensional analytical framework that takes regime differences into account and empirically assess organisational hybridity in a (post-)corporatist welfare regime. Based on a survey of 255 third-sector organisations (TSOs) in Flanders (Belgium) and using latent class analysis, we find three clusters of TSOs that reflect different types of organisational hybridity. Contextualising our results further shows that the positioning of TSOs in our cluster model to a large extent results from the institutional context in which TSOs operate.
Primary purulent pericarditis and secondary endocarditis: a case report
Authors: Bielefeld Kyle , O'Connor Matthew J. , Collins Ronnie T. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurulent pericarditis is a rare diagnosis to be made. It is exceedingly rare as a primary infection. We describe the case of an 18-month-old boy who presented with primary purulent pericarditis and developed a secondary endocarditis. Current literature on the subject is reviewed and discussed.
Transparenz und Transzendenz
Authors: Schauder Silke 
Published: January 2014

Der Artikel umreißt kurz den Stellenwert, den die Transzendenz in der Kunsttherapie hat. Nach einem Rückblick der Transzendenz in der klinischen Psychologie und der Spiritualität in der Kunsttherapie werden deren Rolle und Indikation näher erläutert. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels eines Jugendlichen mit Down-Syndrom wird die symbolisierende und expressive Dynamik von Kunsttherapie und deren transzendentes Potential problematisiert. Abschließend skizziert die Autorin einen Ausblick auf neue Forschung und Praxis.
Traumatic Dissection of Four Brain-Supplying Arteries without Neurologic Deficit
Authors: Pröscholdt Florian , Heining Sandro , Powerski Maciej , Nolte Christian H. , Ertel Wolfgang 
Published: January 2014

Study Design Case report and review of the literature. Objectives Case report of a traumatic dissection of all major brain-supplying arteries resulting from a horseback-riding accident. Overview of the literature on diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations. Methods Case presentation. For the discussion, handpicked articles and PubMed database research with the keywords “dissection,” “vertebral artery,” “spine trauma,” “computed tomography,” “magnetic resonance imaging,” and “angiography” were used. Results Despite high-energy induced acute lesion of all four cervical arteries, this 45-year-old patient did not demonstrate signs of microemboli nor suffer from stroke. Conclusion In case of high-energy trauma of the head and/or the neck, emergency physicians must consider traumatic cervical artery dissection (TCAD). Thus, emergency care algorithms should routinely include computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Although the incidence of TCAD-induced stroke is low, antiplatelet therapy is recommended in the presence of TCAD.
Community-based, low-tech method of restoring a lost thicket of Acropora corals
Authors: Cruz Dexter W. dela , Villanueva Ronald D. , Baria Maria Vanessa B. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Due to unregulated blast fishing and episodic bleaching events, the back-reef zone near Barangay Lucero in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Philippines, was reduced to a barren area of unconsolidated sand and coral rubble. Anecdotal accounts from local inhabitants, scientific reports, and examination of rubble on the substratum revealed that the area had been dominated by staghorn Acropora corals prior to degradation. With no significant signs of natural recovery, a low-tech restoration method that is both transferable to the community and cost-effective was devised and implemented. Through the help of local inhabitants, 450 fragments of two staghorn coral species (Acropora intermedia and A. pulchra) were transplanted, without using SCUBA equipment, in a total of six 4 × 4 m plots. There were two transplant density treatments: low and high, receiving 25 and 50 fragments of each coral species, respectively. Survivorship and growth of transplants, as well as the assemblage of fishes and macroinvertebrates inside the transplantation and control plots, were monitored periodically for up to 19 months. Transplant survivorship was generally high (68–89%) at the end of the study. There was also an average of a 15-fold increase in ecological volume of the transplants (from 1784.25 ± 162.75 to 26 540.765 ± 4547.25 cm3). Consequently, a significantly higher number of fish and of macroinvertebrates was recorded inside the transplantation plots than in the control plots, indicating signs of restoration success with the reintroduction of the two coral species. Exhibiting significant differences in coral cover, fish biomass and abundance, high-density is more cost-effective than low-density treatment, attaining optimal effects on key reef recovery parameters. The total cost of restoring a thicket of Acropora in a sandy-rubble field using this low-tech rehabilitation method with community participation was estimated to be US$9198.40 ha−1 (US$0.90 m−2), and thus ∼60% cheaper than without community involvement. Community involvement not only reduced the cost of the restoration activity but also provided the community with a sense of ownership and responsibility for their resources, thus ensuring the long-term success of the intervention.
Structure of a rare non-standard sequence k-turn bound by L7Ae protein
Authors: Huang Lin , Lilley David M.J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Kt-23 from Thelohania solenopsae is a rare RNA kink turn (k-turn) where an adenine replaces the normal guanine at the 2n position. L7Ae is a member of a strongly conserved family of proteins that bind a range of k-turn structures in the ribosome, box C/D and H/ACA small nucleolar RNAs and U4 small nuclear RNA. We have solved the crystal structure of T. solenopsae Kt-23 RNA bound to Archeoglobus fulgidus L7Ae protein at a resolution of 2.95 Å. The protein binds in the major groove displayed on the outer face of the k-turn, in a manner similar to complexes with standard k-turn structures. The k-turn adopts a standard N3 class conformation, with a single hydrogen bond from A2b N6 to A2n N3. This contrasts with the structure of the same sequence located in the SAM-I riboswitch, where it adopts an N1 structure, showing the inherent plasticity of k-turn structure. This potentially can affect any tertiary interactions in which the RNA participates.
Peptidoglycan in combination with muramyldipeptide synergistically induces an interleukin‐10‐dependent T helper 2‐dominant immune response
Authors: Matsui Katsuhiko , Ikeda Reiko 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, peptidoglycan (PEG) from Staphylococcus aureus‐stimulated, but not muramyldipeptide (MDP)‐stimulated, Langerhans cells (LCs) induced a dose‐dependent Th2‐prone immune response. However, when LCs were stimulated with PEG in combination with MDP, the strength of Th2 immune responses was synergistically augmented by MDP. Furthermore, it was found that production of IL‐10, but not of IL‐12 p40, by PEG‐stimulated LCs was also enhanced in the presence of MDP. These results suggest that MDP enhances Th2 cell development through up‐regulation of IL‐10 production from PEG‐stimulated LCs, increase the importance of S. aureus colonization in patients with atopic dermatitis.
PKCε Contributes to Chronic Ethanol‐Induced Steatosis in Mice but not Inflammation and Necrosis
Authors: Kaiser J. Phillip , Guo Luping , Beier Juliane I. , Zhang Jun , Bhatnagar Aruni , Arteel Gavin E. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundProtein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) has been shown to play a role in experimental steatosis by acute alcohol. The “two‐hit” hypothesis implies that preventing steatosis should blunt more advanced liver damage (e.g., inflammation and necrosis). However, the role of PKCε in these pathologies is not yet known. The goal of this current work was to address this question in a model of chronic alcohol exposure using antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) against PKCε.MethodsAccordingly, PKCε ASO‐ and saline‐treated mice were fed high‐fat control or ethanol (EtOH)‐containing enteral diets for 4 weeks.ResultsChronic EtOH exposure significantly elevated hepatic lipid pools as well as activated PKCε. The PKCε ASO partially blunted the increases in hepatic lipids caused by EtOH. Administration of PKCε ASO also completely prevented the increase in the expression of fatty acid synthase, and tumor necrosis factor α caused by EtOH. Despite these protective effects, the PKCε ASO was unable to prevent the increases in inflammation and necrosis caused by chronic EtOH. These latter results correlated with an inability of the PKCε ASO to blunt the up‐regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) and the accumulation of fibrin. Importantly, PAI‐1 has been previously shown to more robustly mediate inflammation and necrosis (vs. steatosis) after chronic EtOH exposure.ConclusionsThis study identifies a novel potential mechanism where EtOH, independent of steatosis, can contribute to liver damage. These results also suggest that PAI‐1 and fibrin accumulation may be at the center of this PKCε‐independent pathway.
Micafungin as antifungal prophylaxis in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: results of different dosage levels in clinical practice
Authors: Langebrake Claudia , Rohde Holger , Lellek Heinrich , Wolschke Christine , Kröger Nicolaus M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMicafungin has been approved for the prophylaxis of Candida infections in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Here, we report a single‐center experience of three different dose levels regarding efficacy, toxicity, and colonization with Candida ssp. in clinical practice. In total, 150 consecutive adult patients who underwent allo‐HSCT received micafungin at a dosage of 50, 100, or 150 mg once daily for primary antifungal prophylaxis. Of those patients receiving more than six d of micafungin prophylaxis, 12/46 (26%), 6/44 (14%), and 9/46 (20%) were switched to empiric antifungal treatment. The frequency of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) according to EORTC criteria did not differ significantly (7/46; 15% vs. 5/44; 11% vs. 5/46; 11%) across the different dosage groups. In the 50‐mg group, there was one case of candidemia with C. parapsilosis after 12 d of micafungin prophylaxis. In all three groups, micafungin prophylaxis was well tolerated without any case of toxicity‐related treatment discontinuation. Renal function was not significantly altered, while increase of bilirubin was mainly due to concomitant ATG application. The incidence of IFIs is similar irrespective of the micafungin dosage while there was a trend toward more frequent change to empiric antifungal treatment as well as oropharyngeal colonization with candida in the lowest dosage group.
Increased cortical extracellular adenosine correlates with seizure termination
Authors: Van Gompel Jamie J. , Bower Mark R. , Worrell Gregory A. , Stead Matt , Chang Su‐Youne , Goerss Stephan J. , Kim Inyong , Bennet Kevin E. , Meyer Fredric B. , Marsh W. Richard , Blaha Charles D. , Lee Kendall H. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryObjectiveSeizures are currently defined by their electrographic features. However, neuronal networks are intrinsically dependent on neurotransmitters of which little is known regarding their periictal dynamics. Evidence supports adenosine as having a prominent role in seizure termination, as its administration can terminate and reduce seizures in animal models. Furthermore, microdialysis studies in humans suggest that adenosine is elevated periictally, but the relationship to the seizure is obscured by its temporal measurement limitations. Because electrochemical techniques can provide vastly superior temporal resolution, we test the hypothesis that extracellular adenosine concentrations rise during seizure termination in an animal model and humans using electrochemistry.MethodsWhite farm swine (n = 45) were used in an acute cortical model of epilepsy, and 10 human epilepsy patients were studied during intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG). Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration Sensor (WINCS)–based fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and fixed potential amperometry were obtained utilizing an adenosine‐specific triangular waveform or biosensors, respectively.ResultsSimultaneous ECoG and electrochemistry demonstrated an average adenosine increase of 260% compared to baseline, at 7.5 ± 16.9 s with amperometry (n = 75 events) and 2.6 ± 11.2 s with FSCV (n = 15 events) prior to electrographic seizure termination. In agreement with these animal data, adenosine elevation prior to seizure termination in a human patient utilizing FSCV was also seen.SignificanceSimultaneous ECoG and electrochemical recording supports the hypothesis that adenosine rises prior to seizure termination, suggesting that adenosine itself may be responsible for seizure termination. Future work using intraoperative WINCS–based FSCV recording may help to elucidate the precise relationship between adenosine and seizure termination.
Glucose metabolism transporters and epilepsy: Only GLUT1 has an established role
Authors: Hildebrand Michael S. , Damiano John A. , Mullen Saul A. , Bellows Susannah T. , Oliver Karen L. , Dahl Hans‐Henrik M. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Berkovic Samuel F. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe availability of glucose, and its glycolytic product lactate, for cerebral energy metabolism is regulated by specific brain transporters. Inadequate energy delivery leads to neurologic impairment. Haploinsufficiency of the glucose transporter GLUT1 causes a characteristic early onset encephalopathy, and has recently emerged as an important cause of a variety of childhood or later‐onset generalized epilepsies and paroxysmal exercise‐induced dyskinesia. We explored whether mutations in the genes encoding the other major glucose (GLUT3) or lactate (MCT1/2/3/4) transporters involved in cerebral energy metabolism also cause generalized epilepsies. A cohort of 119 cases with myoclonic astatic epilepsy or early onset absence epilepsy was screened for nucleotide variants in these five candidate genes. No epilepsy‐causing mutations were identified, indicating that of the major energetic fuel transporters in the brain, only GLUT1 is clearly associated with generalized epilepsy.