bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic observations from a Yakutat eddy in the northern Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Tang Q. S. , Gulick S. P. S. , Sun L. T. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRecent works show that the seismic oceanography technique allows us to relate water column seismic reflections to oceanic finescale structures. In this study, finescale structures of a surface anticyclonic eddy have been unveiled by reprocessing two seismic transects acquired in the northern Gulf of Alaska using an 8 km hydrophone streamer and 6600 cu in linear airgun array in September 2008. The eddy was a typical bowl‐like structure with around 55 km width and 700 m depth. It has two fringes around the eddy base and a spiral arm at the NE edge. The in situ sea surface temperature and salinity data from a shipboard thermosalinograph help to confirm our interpretations of a spiral arm shed from the warm eddy and the entrained cold water from elsewhere. Nearby the eddy and offshore the shelf‐break, there is a strong frontal feature, probably the Alaska Current. The eddy likely formed offshore Yakutat shelf and transported along the offshore shelf‐break by tracking the sea level anomalies. Its equivalent diameter of 65 km was measured using the along‐track altimeter and the seismic constraints. It was comparable with results from the representative conventional algorithms of eddy detection. Geostrophic velocities of the eddy were estimated from the dipping seismic reflections under the assumptions of approximate isopycnals and geostrophic balance. Measured water properties including sea surface temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll revealed that eddy translation transports coastal water to the pelagic regions. Structures synthesized from CTD profiles that sampled an earlier eddy suggest that thin striae around the base might be a common feature in Gulf of Alaska eddies.
Effects of ultrasonic dispersion in dilute polysaccharide solution
Authors: Chen Didi , Liu Min , Chen Sha , Guo Pei , Huang Xueying , Lian Mengting , Cao Yu , Qi Chao , Sun Renqiang 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIn order to evaluate the relationship between dispersion and ultrasonic time, dynamic light scattering experiment was carried out on both 0.20 g/L xyloglucan solution and 0.20 g/L β‐galactosidase‐degraded xyloglucan solution with different time intervals. Data showed that the variation trends of particle size in xyloglucan and enzyme‐degraded xyloglucan solution were similar: decreased first and then increased with the incremental time. Thus, there should be an optimum time interval during which the smallest particle size can be obtained if experimental conditions were excluded in theoretically. In addition, the optimum time interval varies in different polysaccharides since it may be associated with molecular conformation, based on the results of our work. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40973.
Australian–Indonesian Live Cattle Trade—What Future?
Authors: Trewin Ray 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAustralian live cattle exports were a growing $1 billion trade from northern Australia to Indonesia for finishing and slaughter for Indonesian consumers. This all changed in recent years with the trade being disrupted by a series of constraints which have shrunk the trade and raised uncertainty. Will it ever get back on trend or continue to shrink and disappear? Greater integration between Australia's live cattle trade and Indonesia's cattle feeding and processing industries through investment and technological transfer offers the potential of not only better meeting Indonesia's beef security but also strong processed meat opportunities in rich neighbours to the benefit of both countries. A continuation of the recent volatile and uncertain trade will be detrimental to both countries, with Indonesia losing a food‐secure, reliable livestock supply to which value was added, and Australia a significant industry for one more dependent on costlier markets.
Generation of aminoterminally truncated, stable types of bioactive bovine and porcine fibroblast growth factor 4 in Escherichia coli
Authors: Sugawara Saiko , Ito Toshihiko , Sato Shiori , Sato Yuki , Sasaki Akira , Fukuda Tomokazu , Yamanaka Ken‐ichi , Sakatani Miki , Takahashi Masashi , Kobayashi Masayuki 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) is a crucial growth factor for the development of mammalian embryos. We previously produced hexahistidine‐tagged, bovine and porcine FGF4 (Pro32 to Leu206) proteins without a secretory signal peptide at the aminoterminus in Escherichia coli. Here, we found that these were unstable; site‐specific cleavage between Ser54 and Leu55 in both FGF4 derivatives was identified. In order to generate stable FGF4 derivatives and to investigate their biological activities, aminoterminally truncated and hexahistidine‐tagged bovine and porcine FGF4 (Leu55 to Leu206) proteins, termed HisbFGF4L and HispFGF4L, respectively, were produced in E. coli. These FGF4 derivatives were sufficiently stable and exerted mitogenic activities in fibroblasts. Treatment with the FGF4 derivatives promoted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which are crucial kinases in the FGF signaling pathway. In the presence of PD173074, an FGF receptor inhibitor, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was inhibited and resulted in abolition of the growth‐promoting activity of FGF4 derivatives. Taken together, we demonstrate that HisbFGF4L and HispFGF4L are capable of promoting the proliferation of bovine‐ and porcine‐derived cells, respectively, via an authentic FGF signaling pathway. These FGF4 derivatives may be applicable for dissecting the roles of FGF4 during embryogenesis in cattle and pigs.
Parameter Estimation for the Flowsheet Simulation of Solids Processes
Authors: Dosta Maksym , Antonyuk Sergiy , Hartge Ernst‐Ulrich , Heinrich Stefan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFlowsheet modeling of processes with liquid, vapor, and solid phases is a very challenging task, since the description of granular materials is complicated by their disparity. On the other hand, the functional models of different apparatuses often contain a large set of empirical parameters which strongly depend on material properties and apparatus geometry. In this contribution the main problems related to the flowsheet simulation of solids processes are discussed and the usage of additional scales in the process description is proposed to estimate model parameters.
Correlation of CD4 counts with the FNAC patterns of tubercular lymphadenitis in patients with HIV: A cross sectional pilot study
Authors: Rao Joseph Sushil , Kumari S Jaya , Kini Usha 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundFine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of TB lymphadenitis (TBL) in HIV shows four different patterns, which may be reflective of immune status. We hypothesize that the CD4 counts, a marker of immunologic status, correlates with FNAC morphology of TBL. This study was undertaken to compare the mean CD4 counts across the different cytology patterns and to correlate the CD4 counts with FNAC patterns in these patients.MethodsForty newly diagnosed HIV patients with TBL on FNAC (10 in each pattern) were selected by convenient sampling based on inclusion exclusion criteria. The CD4 counts were obtained in these patients. Its correlation with different FNAC patterns was assessed using SPSS version 16.ResultsAnalysis of covariance showed significant difference in the mean CD4 counts between all the four patterns [F (374), df (3), P‐value = 0.000]. Spearman's correlation analysis showed significant correlation of CD4 counts with the FNAC patterns (correlation coefficient of 0.967; P‐value of 0.01) with pattern 1 having low CD4 counts and pattern 4 having high CD4 counts.ConclusionCD4 counts show significant correlation with FNAC patterns of TBL in HIV patients. Pattern 1, suggestive of poor immunological response (chiefly necrosis, occasional ill defined granuloma, AFB 3+) had low CD4 counts, while pattern 4, suggestive of good immunological response (well defined granuloma, no necrosis and AFB 1+), had high CD4 counts. Thus FNAC patterns may be used to predict the CD4 counts in HIV patients where CD4 facilities are not available or vice versa. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:16–20. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Water‐Dispersible Boron Nitride Nanoparticles
Authors: Xiong Chengjia , Tu Weixia 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSpherical boron nitride nanoparticles with good aqueous dispersibility were synthesized by means of a direct reaction of boric acid and ammonium chloride. The X‐ray powder diffraction pattern confirmed the hexagonal BN structure (h‐BN) with d002 = 3.33 Å. Copper oxide (CuO) was found to affect the morphology and surface properties of the BN nanoparticles. The average size of the spherical h‐BN nanoparticles synthesized with the addition of CuO was about 30 nm. The h‐BN had a high surface area of 75 m2 g–1 and a mesoporous volume of 0.32 cm3 g–1. The presence of CuO during the synthesis could enhance the surface electronegativity of the h‐BN nanoparticles and change their isoelectric point to pH = 2.7. The zeta potentials of BN were between –30 and –50 mV in the pH range of 4–10. The h‐BN nanoparticles were well dispersed and stable in aqueous solution.
Assessment of whole brain white matter integrity in youths and young adults with a family history of substance‐use disorders
Authors: Acheson Ashley , Wijtenburg S. Andrea , Rowland Laura M. , Winkler Anderson M. , Gaston Frank , Mathias Charles W. , Fox Peter T. , Lovallo William R. , Wright Susan N. , Hong L. Elliot , Dougherty Donald M. , Kochunov Peter 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIndividuals with a family history of substance use disorders (FH+) are at a greater risk of developing substance use disorders than their peers with no such family histories (FH−) and this vulnerability is proportional to the number of affected relatives (FH density). The risk for developing substance use disorders peaks during adolescence to early adulthood in the general population, and that is thought to be related to delayed maturation of frontocortical and frontostriatal functional circuits. We hypothesized that FH+ youth and young adults have impaired myelination of frontocortical and frontostriatal white matter tracts. We examined fractional anisotropy (FA) data in 80 FH+ and 34 FH− youths (12.9 ± 1.0 years) and in 25 FH+ and 30 FH− young adults (24.3 ± 3.4 years). FH+ youths had lower FA values in both frontocortical and frontostriatal tracts as well as parietocortical tracts including the anterior, superior and posterior corona radiata and the superior frontal‐occipital fasciculus. Moreover, FA values in these tracts were negatively correlated with FH density. FH+ adults had lower FA values in two frontocortical tracts: the genu of the corpus callosum and anterior corona radiata and also significant negative correlations between FA and FH density in these same tracts. In both groups, lower FA values corresponded to higher radial diffusivity suggesting reduced axonal myelination. We interpreted our findings as evidence for impaired myelination of frontal white matter that was proportional to FH density. Our data suggest that deficits may partially resolve with age, paralleling an age‐related decline in risk for developing substance use disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5401–5413, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modelled and satellite‐derived surface albedo of lake ice – Part I: evaluation of the albedo parameterization scheme of the Canadian Lake Ice Model
Authors: Svacina N. A. , Duguay C. R. , Brown L. C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAccurate simulations of freshwater lake ice are integral for the study of climatic variability in northern environments. Surface albedo, a component often parameterized in lake ice models, has been shown to affect the timing of ice break‐up during the melt season. In situ snow and ice albedo measurements were taken over a partially snow‐covered freshwater lake near Churchill, Manitoba for the evaluation of the albedo parameterization of the Canadian Lake Ice Model (CLIMo) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) albedo products (MOD10A1/MYD10A1 and MCD43A3). The albedo simulations using CLIMo were performed with and without snow integrated into the model and evaluated against in situ albedo measurements recorded over clear ice, snow ice and snow‐covered ice. The simulated snow albedo from CLIMo for the entire ice growth season evaluated against snow albedo observations had a root mean square error of 0.07, a mean absolute error of 0.06, and a mean bias error (MBE) of −0.01. With snow removed from CLIMo, the albedo parameterization overestimated albedo values measured in the field over snow‐free clear ice and snow ice with MBE values of 0.13 and 0.10, respectively. These findings suggest that CLIMo's bare ice albedo parameterization needs to be revised to account for albedo differences between ice types.The evaluation of the MODIS albedo products with in situ snow and ice albedo observations and the comparison of these satellite products with CLIMo's albedo parameterization during the melt period, when in situ radiation measurement stations needed to be removed from the lake‐ice surface, are addressed in paper Part II (this issue). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelled and satellite‐derived surface albedo of lake ice – part II: evaluation of MODIS albedo products
Authors: Svacina N. A. , Duguay C. R. , King J. M. L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAlbedo products (MOD10A1, MYD10A1, and MCD43A3) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) have the potential to be integrated directly into lake ice models such as the Canadian lake ice model (CLIMo) to improve the simulation of freshwater break‐up (ice‐off). The high albedo of snow and lake ice has been shown to affect the timing of break‐up. Therefore, the surface energy balance parameterization of CLIMo requires accurate estimates of albedo when modelling phenology. MOD10A1, MYD10A1, and MCD43A3 were evaluated against in situ snow and ice albedo observations taken over a partially snow‐covered freshwater lake (Malcolm Ramsay Lake) near Churchill, Manitoba, during the ice growth period (15 February 2012 to 25 April 2012). The MODIS albedo products were then compared with the CLIMo's albedo parameterization during the ice break‐up period.The MODIS albedo products MOD10A1, MYD10A1, and MCD43A3 retrieved snow and ice albedo with root mean square error values of 0.07, 0.08, and 0.06, respectively, compared with spatially averaged in situ albedo measurements during ice growth. MODIS albedo products compared with CLIMo's melting ice parameterization during the melt season indicate that CLIMo's albedo estimates have a mean difference of at least 0.14 compared with the MODIS retrievals during melt. The quality of the albedo retrievals over lake ice from MODIS and the need for more accurate albedo simulations during the melt season suggest that the assimilation of MODIS albedo products into CLIMo could be beneficial for the determination of break‐up (ice‐off) dates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of postcranial ossification and sequence heterochrony in bats: Life histories and developmental trade‐offs
Authors: Koyabu Daisuke , Son Nguyen Truong 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe recently increased interest in studies on sequence heterochrony has uncovered developmental variation between species. However, how changes in developmental program are related to shifts in life‐history parameters remains largely unsolved. Here we provide the most comprehensive data to date on postcranial ossification sequence of bats and compare them to various boreoeutherian mammals with different locomotive modes. Given that bats are equipped with an elongated manus, we expected to detect characteristic heterochronies particularly related to wing development. Although heterochronies related to wing development were confirmed as predicted, unexpected heterochronies regarding the pedal digits were also found. The timing of ossification onset of pedal phalanges is earlier than other mammals. Particularly, bats deviate from others in that pedal phalanges initiate ossification earlier than manual phalanges. It is known that the foot size of new born bats is close to that of adults, and that it takes several weeks to month until the wing is developed for flight. Given that the foot is required to be firm and stable enough at the time of birth to allow continued attachment to the mother and/or cave walls, we suggest that the accelerated development of the hind foot is linked to their unique life history. Since the forelimb is not mature enough for flight at birth and requires extended postnatal time to be large enough to be fully functional, we postulate that bats invest in earlier development of the hindlimb. We conclud that energy allocation trade‐offs can play a significant role in shaping the evolution of development. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 607–618, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methoxypyrazine composition of Coccinellidae‐tainted Riesling and Pinot noir wine from Germany
Authors: Kögel Susanne , Botezatu Andreea , Hoffmann Christoph , Pickering Gary 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDHarmonia axyridis (multicolored Asian ladybeetle) and Coccinella septempunctata (seven‐spot ladybeetle) (Coccinellidae) are found in many wine regions in Europe and the Americas, where they are responsible for a pronounced wine fault known as ‘ladybug taint’ when incorporated with grapes during harvest operations. Methoxypyrazines have been proposed in the literature as the compounds responsible for the taint. This study sought to expand on this identification and also determine the effectiveness of heating Coccinellidae‐affected grape must prior to fermentation as a possible remedial intervention. Riesling and Pinot noir grapes were infested with H. axyridis or C. septempunctata at different densities and fermented to dryness. The Pinot noir was either must heated prior to fermentation or processed without heating (control). All wines were analyzed for 2‐isopropyl‐, 2‐sec‐butyl‐, 2‐isobutyl‐ and 2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐methoxypyrazine using headspace solid phase microextraction/multidimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.RESULTSConcentrations of 2‐isopropyl‐3‐methoxypyrazine increased with beetle density for both Coccinellidae species, while other methoxypyrazines showed inconsistent or no variation with infestations levels. Heating of Pinot noir grapes prior to fermentation resulted in a moderate decrease in all methoxypyrazines.CONCLUSIONThese results provide direction for more targeted treatments aimed at remediating musts/wines affected by Coccinellidae and indicate that winegrowers do not need to differentiate between H. axyridis and C. septempunctata when making action threshold decisions in the vineyard or winery. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Stability analysis of tunnels driven in jointed rocks by means of a homogenized limit analysis approach
Authors: Maghous Samir , Winiawer José E. B. , Pasa Dutra Vanessa F. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYConceived as a potential alternative to the classical design methods employed for analyzing the stability of underground structures driven in jointed rocks, the homogenization approach stems from the heuristic idea that, from a macroscopic point of view, a rock mass cut by a network of joints may be perceived as a homogenized continuum. The strength properties of the latter can be theoretically obtained from the failure conditions of its individual constituents: rock matrix and joint interfaces.At the material level, the limit analysis reasoning is used in the context of homogenization to formulate the homogenized strength criterion of a jointed rock mass in the particular situation of a single set of parallel joints. As it could be expected, the obtained closed‐form expressions show the strength anisotropy induced by joint preferential orientation. The support functions (π functions) associated with the homogenized strength criterion are also determined in both plane strain and three‐dimensional cases. This criterion is then applied to the investigation of stability analysis of a tunnel excavated in a jointed rock mass. Upper bounds estimated of the stability factor are derived from the implementation of the kinematic approach directly on the homogenized underground structure. Finally, the approach is applied to analyze and discuss the collapse of the Pinheiros subway station (São Paulo, Brazil). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second‐trimester prediction of delivery of a small‐for‐gestational‐age neonate: integrating sequential Doppler information, fetal biometry, and maternal characteristics
Authors: Seravalli Viola , Block‐Abraham Dana M. , Turan Ozhan M. , Doyle Lauren E. , Blitzer Miriam G. , Baschat Ahmet A. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the predictive accuracy of second‐trimester ultrasound parameters, maternal characteristics, and sequential Doppler changes between first and second trimesters for the prediction of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants (birth weight < 10th percentile).MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of singleton pregnancies enrolled in the first trimester with subsequent second‐trimester follow‐up. Maternal characteristics, uterine artery (UtA) pulsatility index (PI), fetal biometry, and umbilical artery (UA)‐PI were ascertained. UtA and UA‐PI change from first to second trimester was calculated (ΔUtA‐PI and ΔUA‐PI). These parameters were tested for their ability to predict delivery of an SGA infant.ResultsAmong 1982 women, 172 delivered an SGA neonate. African‐American ethnicity, nulliparity, tobacco use, and low abdominal circumference (AC) z‐score were independent predictors of SGA. No difference was found in the magnitude of ΔUtA‐PI and ΔUA‐PI between SGA and no‐SGA. Receiver–operating characteristics curve analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.700 for AC z‐score. The combination of low AC and bilateral notching had high specificity (99%) but low sensitivity (7%) for SGA prediction.ConclusionsA small second‐trimester fetal AC is a specific marker for SGA when found with bilateral UtA notching. Only a small proportion is predicted by the factors studied, suggesting a small contributory role or later evolution of SGA. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers from modified oleic acid
Authors: Yemul Omprakash S , Petrović Zoran S 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTwo novel potentially biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers with unique structure and morphology were prepared from modified oleic acid. The hardness and mechanical properties were controlled by adjusting the soft segment concentration (SSC). Epoxidized methyl oleate was converted to methyl‐9‐ or −10‐hydroxystearate (hydroxystearate) by catalytic hydrogenation. The formed hydroxystearate was transesterified with 1,6‐hexanediol to obtain polyesterpolyol with molar mass 2500. Segmented polyurethanes with 50% and 70% SSC were prepared using the prepolymer method by reacting polyesterpolyol with diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4‐butanediol as chain extender. Thermal and mechanical properties of the polymers indicated good micro‐phase separation. Both soft and hard segments displayed a certain degree of crystallization. Tensile strengths were 18 and 2.4 MPa for samples with 50% and 70% SSC, respectively. Elongations of 130% (50% SSC) and 43% (70% SSC) were somewhat lower than in comparable materials, presumably due to lower molar mass. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry