bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term outcomes of excisional atherectomy in lower limb arterial disease
Authors: Werner‐Gibbings Keagan , Dubenec Steven 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundEndovascular interventions are increasingly utilized in managing occlusive peripheral vascular disease. Angioplasty and stenting remain the mainstay of endovascular management; however, newer treatment modalities such as excisional atherectomy provide the clinician with additional treatment options. While demonstrating promising results in available trials, a paucity of data exist regarding peripheral atherectomy. The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to assess the efficacy and safety of excisional atherectomy with the TurboHawk atherectomy device (Covidien/ev3, Plymouth, MN, USA) in the treatment of lower limb peripheral vascular disease and to evaluate the learning curve involved in the institution of a new treatment modality.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on all patients undergoing atherectomy for symptomatic lower limb peripheral vascular disease by a single clinician between November 2011 and June 2013. Forty‐seven vessels on 28 legs in 24 patients were treated during the period.ResultsAtherectomy was possible in 98% of cases. The 6‐ and 12‐month primary patency was 72.6 and 58.9%, respectively. The primary‐assisted patency was 93.2% at 6 months and 74.6% at 12 months. There were significantly greater patency rates in the TransAtlantic Inter‐Society Consensus A + B lesions and a non‐significant trend towards improved patency rates in claudicants versus critical limb ischaemia. There were four instances of embolization and four cases of dissection.ConclusionExcisional atherectomy provides a further option for the minimally invasive management of peripheral vascular disease. It has similar patency rates to established endovascular therapies and should be considered among the treatment options in patients with favourable pathology.
Suicide among the youth in Malaysia: What do we know?
Authors: Bahar Norharlina , Ismail Wan Salwina Wan , Hussain Nurulwafa , Haniff Jamaiyah , Bujang Mohamad Adam , Hamid Abdul Muneer , Yusuff Yusni , Nordin Norhayati , Ali Nor Hayati 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIntroductionThis article aims to study the pattern of youth suicide cases in Malaysia, following which preventive actions can then be planned and practiced to reduce these suicide cases.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study looking at notifications of all suicides involving members of the youth population, as had been reported to National Suicide Registry Malaysia from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009. Information such as profile demographics and methods of suicide were utilized accordingly.ResultsThere were 53 youths between the ages of 15 and 24 years reported to have undergone completed suicides. The suicide rate among youths was 1.03 per 100,000 populations in 2009, accounting for the male gender (66.0%), with Indians being the highest suicide completers (40.4% and 5.6 per 100,000 populations). The most common method of suicide was hanging (56.6%) followed by self‐poisoning (15.1%).DiscussionThe suicide rate among Malaysian youth is relatively lower compared with other countries in the Asian region. Majority were male, of Indian descent, and were still in secondary school. Preventive actions need to be taken especially for specific groups such as the Indian youth.
Review article: selective histone deacetylase isoforms as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Felice C. , Lewis A. , Armuzzi A. , Lindsay J. O. , Silver A. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBackgroundA link between histone deacetylases (HDACs) and intestinal inflammation has been established. HDAC inhibitors that target gut‐selective inflammatory pathways represent a potential new therapeutic strategy in patients with refractory inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).AimsTo review the use of selective HDAC inhibitors to treat gut inflammation and to highlight potential improvements in selectivity/sensitivity by additional targeting of HDAC‐regulating microRNAs (miRNAs).MethodsOriginal articles and reviews have been identified using PubMed search terms: ‘histone deacetylase’, ‘HDAC inhibitor’, ‘inflammatory bowel disease’, ‘gut inflammation,’ and ‘microRNA and HDAC’.ResultsThe use of butyrate in distal colitis provided the first evidence that inhibition of HDACs decreases intestinal inflammation in IBD. HDAC inhibitors, such as valproic acid, vorinostat and givinostat, reduce inflammation and tissue damage in experimental murine colitis. Potential mechanisms of action for HDAC inhibitors include increased apoptosis, reduction of pro‐inflammatory cytokine release, regulation of transcription factors and modulation of HDAC‐regulatory miRNAs. HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC9 and HDAC10 isoforms seem to be specifically involved in chronic intestinal inflammation, justifying the use of selective inhibitors as new therapeutic strategies in IBD. Controlling miRNAs for these isoforms can be identified.ConclusionsThe pro‐inflammatory influence of HDACs in the gut has been confirmed, but mostly in murine studies. Considerably more human data are required to permit development of selective HDAC inhibitors for IBD treatment. Inhibition of key HDAC isoforms in combination with modulation of HDAC‐regulatory miRNAs has potential as a novel therapeutic approach.
Allogeneic Head and Body Reconstruction: Mouse Model
Authors: Ren Xiao‐Ping , Song Yang , Ye Yi‐Jie , Li Peng‐Wei , Han Ke‐Cheng , Shen Zi‐Long , Shan Ji‐Gang , Luther Kristin , Yang Bao‐Feng 
Published: November 2014

SummaryAimsThere is still no effective way to save a surviving healthy mind when there is critical organ failure in the body. The next frontier in CTA is allo‐head and body reconstruction (AHBR), and just as animal models were key in the development of CTA, they will be crucial in establishing the procedures of AHBR for clinical translation.Methods and resultsOur approach, pioneered in mice, involves retaining the donor brain stem and transplanting the recipient head. Our preliminary data in mice support that this allows for retention of breathing and circulatory function. Critical aspects of the current protocol include avoiding cerebral ischemia through cross‐circulation (donor to recipient) and retaining the donor brain stem. Successful clinical translation of AHBR will become a milestone of medical history and potentially could save millions of people.ConclusionsThis experimental study has confirmed a method to avoid cerebral ischemia during the surgery and solved an important part of the problem of how to accomplish long‐term survival after transplantation and preservation of the donor brain stem.
Antibiotic dosing in obesity: the search for optimum dosing strategies
Authors: Tucker C. E. , Lockwood A. M. , Nguyen N. H. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryGlobal obesity has nearly doubled and is now a common occurrence in high‐income and developing countries. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 1.4 billion adults are obese. Although the prevalence of obesity is increasing over the last decades, pharmacokinetic evaluations are still conducted in individuals with a body weight of approximately 70 kg. Morbid obesity is associated with several pathophysiological changes that can profoundly affect drug distribution and clearance. There are currently no specific dosing recommendations for antibiotics in obese patients, making dosing suggestions primarily based on pharmacokinetic characteristics of the medications and dosing recommendations in other disease states. Understanding of the pharmacokinetic alterations and maximum doses of antibiotics safely used is paramount to appropriate treatment in the obese population.
Trait differences between naturalized and invasive plant species independent of residence time and phylogeny
Authors: Gallagher R. V. , Randall R. P. , Leishman M. R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe ability to predict which alien plants will transition from naturalized to invasive prior to their introduction to novel regions is a key goal for conservation and has the potential to increase the efficacy of weed risk assessment (WRA). However, multiple factors contribute to plant invasion success (e.g., functional traits, range characteristics, residence time, phylogeny), and they all must be taken into account simultaneously in order to identify meaningful correlates of invasion success. We compiled 146 pairs of phylogenetically paired (congeneric) naturalized and invasive plant species in Australia with similar minimum residence times (i.e., time since introduction in years). These pairs were used to test for differences in 5 functional traits (flowering duration, leaf size, maximum height, specific leaf area [SLA], seed mass) and 3 characteristics of species’ native ranges (biome occupancy, mean annual temperature, and rainfall breadth) between naturalized and invasive species. Invasive species, on average, had larger SLA, longer flowering periods, and were taller than their congeneric naturalized relatives. Invaders also exhibited greater tolerance for different environmental conditions in the native range, where they occupied more biomes and a wider breadth of rainfall and temperature conditions than naturalized congeners. However, neither seed mass nor leaf size differed between pairs of naturalized and invasive species. A key finding was the role of SLA in distinguishing between naturalized and invasive pairs. Species with high SLA values were typically associated with faster growth rates, more rapid turnover of leaf material, and shorter lifespans than those species with low SLA. This suite of characteristics may contribute to the ability of a species to transition from naturalized to invasive across a wide range of environmental contexts and disturbance regimes. Our findings will help in the refinement of WRA protocols, and we advocate the inclusion of quantitative traits, in particular SLA, into the WRA schemes.
Electrophysiological responses of male and female Amyelois transitella antennae to pistachio and almond host plant volatiles
Authors: Beck John J. , Light Douglas M. , Gee Wai S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe polyphagous navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a major insect pest of almonds and pistachios in California (USA). Amyelois transitella moths have proven difficult to monitor and control for over 5 decades; however, recent reports indicate progress towards attractants using pheromone or semiochemical blends. Despite advances of a host plant volatile attractant blend that is effective for monitoring moth populations in almond orchards, the blend's attractancy and capture efficacy of A. transitella has not translated to pistachio orchards. The apparent orchard specificity of A. transitella to the blend suggests a different composition of host plant volatiles is needed to either improve the current blend or a new blend formulation is required for monitoring in pistachio orchards. One objective of this study was to evaluate available individual host volatiles via a standardised puff method in combination with electroantennographic analysis. In total 105 volatiles were evaluated individually for their ability to elicit an electrophysiological chemoreception response from excised male and female A. transitella antennae. Male antennae responded significantly higher to alcohols, aldehydes, alkyls, aromatics, and ketones. Female antennae responded significantly higher to benzenoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and short‐chain alcohols.
A first step in system improvement: a survey of Early Psychosis Intervention Programmes in Ontario
Authors: Durbin Janet , Selick Avra , Hierlihy Deborah , Moss Sarah , Cheng Chiachen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimOntario, Canada is a large province with a geographically dispersed population. Early psychosis intervention (EPI) programmes are available province‐wide, with delivery approaches adapted to context. This study examined EPI programme delivery in relation to recently released provincial EPI Program Standards, and variations based on geographic context.MethodsThe data source was a province‐wide key informant survey of early psychosis programmes conducted after release of the Standards. Chi‐squared tests compared large‐ and small‐area programmes on selected programme structural features and perceived adherence to 19 service components.ResultsResponses were obtained from 52 programme sites, including 21 small‐area programmes with 1 to 2 staff. In general, frequency of EPI delivery was highest for individual assessment and treatment components, and moderate for social supports and family support. Implementation was lowest for public education, early detection and recovery planning. Small‐area programmes reported lower implementation for over half of the components, with differences statistically significant for psychiatric assessment and physical health monitoring.ConclusionSince the release of the Standards, the Ontario Ministry of Health has partnered with a provincial network of EPI stakeholders to support practice improvement. This survey identified components where more implementation support is needed, overall and for rural area delivery. Ultimately, systematic monitoring of programme fidelity and measuring client outcomes are key to advancing the quality of EPI programme delivery.
Application of high‐frequency Granger causality to analysis of epileptic seizures and surgical decision making
Authors: Epstein Charles M. , Adhikari Bhim M. , Gross Robert , Willie Jon , Dhamala Mukesh 
Published: November 2014

SummaryObjectiveIn recent decades intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings using increasing numbers of electrodes, higher sampling rates, and a variety of visual and quantitative analyses have indicated the presence of widespread, high frequency ictal and preictal oscillations (HFOs) associated with regions of seizure onset. Seizure freedom has been correlated with removal of brain regions generating pathologic HFOs. However, quantitative analysis of preictal HFOs has seldom been applied to the clinical problem of planning the surgical resection. We performed Granger causality (GC) analysis of iEEG recordings to analyze features of preictal seizure networks and to aid in surgical decision making.MethodsTen retrospective and two prospective patients were chosen on the basis of individually stereotyped seizure patterns by visual criteria. Prospective patients were selected, additionally, for failure of those criteria to resolve apparent multilobar ictal onsets. iEEG was recorded at 500 or 1,000 Hz, using up to 128 surface and depth electrodes. Preictal and early ictal GC from individual electrodes was characterized by the strength of causal outflow, spatial distribution, and hierarchical causal relationships.ResultsIn all patients we found significant, widespread preictal GC network activity at peak frequencies from 80 to 250 Hz, beginning 2–42 s before visible electrographic onset. In the two prospective patients, GC source/sink comparisons supported the exclusion of early ictal regions that were not the dominant causal sources, and contributed to planning of more limited surgical resections. Both patients have a class 1 outcome at 1 year.SignificanceGC analysis of iEEG has the potential to increase understanding of preictal network activity, and to help improve surgical outcomes in cases of otherwise ambiguous iEEG onset.
ATP‐citrate lyase regulates cellular senescence via an AMPK‐ and p53‐dependent pathway
Authors: Lee Jong‐Hyuk , Jang Hyonchol , Lee Soon‐Min , Lee Ji‐Eun , Choi Jinmi , Kim Tae Wan , Cho Eun‐Jung , Youn Hong‐Duk 
Published: November 2014

ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a key enzyme that is involved in de novo lipogenesis by catalyzing conversion of cytosolic citrate into acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate. Up‐regulation of ACLY in various types of tumors enhances fatty acid synthesis and supplies excess acetyl CoA for histone acetylation. However, there is evidence that its enzymatic activity alone is insufficient to explain ACLY silencing‐mediated growth arrest in tumor cells. In this study, we found that ACLY knockdown in primary human cells triggers cellular senescence and activation of tumor suppressor p53. Provision of acetyl CoA to ACLY knockdown cells did not alleviate ACLY silencing‐induced p53 activation, suggesting an independent role for ACLY activity. Instead, ACLY physically interacted with the catalytic subunit of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited AMPK activity. The activation of AMPK under ACLY knockdown conditions may lead to p53 activation, ultimately leading to cellular senescence. In cancer cells, ACLY silencing‐induced p53 activation facilitated DNA damage‐induced cell death. Taken together, our results suggest a novel function of ACLY in cellular senescence and tumorigenesis.
Structural basis of multivalent galactose‐based dendrimer recognition by human galectin‐7
Authors: Ramaswamy Sneha , Sleiman Mazen H. , Masuyer Geoffrey , Arbez‐Gindre Cécile , Micha‐Screttas Maria , Calogeropoulou Theodora , Steele Barry R. , Acharya K. Ravi 
Published: November 2014

Galectins are evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously present animal lectins with a high affinity for β‐galactose‐containing oligosaccharides. To date, 15 mammalian galectins have been identified. Their involvement in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions has highlighted their importance in signal transduction and other intracellular processes. Human galectin‐7 (hGal‐7) is a 15 kDa proto type galectin that forms a dimer in solution and its involvement in the stimulation and development of tumour growth has been reported. Previously, we reported the crystal structure of hGal‐7 and its complex with galactose and lactose which provided insight into its molecular recognition and detailed interactions. Here, we present newly obtained high‐resolution structural data on carbohydrate‐based dendrons in complex with hGal‐7. Our crystallographic data reveal how multivalent ligands interact with and form cross‐links with these galectin molecules. Understanding how these dendrimeric compounds interact with hGal‐7 would help in the design of new tools to investigate the recognition of carbohydrates by lectins.DatabaseThe atomic coordinates and structure factors for hGal‐7–D1 (code 4UW3), hGal7–D2 (codes 4UW4, 4UW5) and hGal‐7–D3 (code 4UW6) complexes have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA (http://www.rcsb.org/).
Epigenetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemias
Authors: Mehdipour Parinaz , Santoro Fabio , Minucci Saverio 
Published: November 2014

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease for which the standard treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy has remained largely unchanged for over four decades, with unfavorable clinical results. Epigenetic alterations have been described in several AMLs, and in some cases their origin has been studied in detail mechanistically (such as in acute promyelocytic leukemia, caused by the promyelocytic leukemia–retinoic acid receptor‐α fusion protein). Recently, the advent of massive parallel sequencing has revealed that > 70% of AML cases have mutations in DNA methylation‐related genes or mutations in histone modifiers, showing that epigenetic alterations are key players in the development of most, if not all, AMLs, and pointing to the exploitation of new molecular targets for more efficacious therapies. This review provides a brief overview of the latest findings on the characterization of the epigenetic landscape of AML and discusses the rationale for the optimization of epigenetic therapy of AML.
Rapid carbon turnover beneath shrub and tree vegetation is associated with low soil carbon stocks at a subarctic treeline
Authors: Parker Thomas C. , Subke Jens‐Arne , Wookey Philip A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractClimate warming at high northern latitudes has caused substantial increases in plant productivity of tundra vegetation and an expansion of the range of deciduous shrub species. However significant the increase in carbon (C) contained within above‐ground shrub biomass, it is modest in comparison with the amount of C stored in the soil in tundra ecosystems. Here, we use a ‘space‐for‐time’ approach to test the hypothesis that a shift from lower‐productivity tundra heath to higher‐productivity deciduous shrub vegetation in the sub‐Arctic may lead to a loss of soil C that out‐weighs the increase in above‐ground shrub biomass. We further hypothesize that a shift from ericoid to ectomycorrhizal systems coincident with this vegetation change provides a mechanism for the loss of soil C. We sampled soil C stocks, soil surface CO2 flux rates and fungal growth rates along replicated natural transitions from birch forest (Betula pubescens), through deciduous shrub tundra (Betula nana) to tundra heaths (Empetrum nigrum) near Abisko, Swedish Lapland. We demonstrate that organic horizon soil organic C (SOCorg) is significantly lower at shrub (2.98 ± 0.48 kg m−2) and forest (2.04 ± 0.25 kg m−2) plots than at heath plots (7.03 ± 0.79 kg m−2). Shrub vegetation had the highest respiration rates, suggesting that despite higher rates of C assimilation, C turnover was also very high and less C is sequestered in the ecosystem. Growth rates of fungal hyphae increased across the transition from heath to shrub, suggesting that the action of ectomycorrhizal symbionts in the scavenging of organically bound nutrients is an important pathway by which soil C is made available to microbial degradation. The expansion of deciduous shrubs onto potentially vulnerable arctic soils with large stores of C could therefore represent a significant positive feedback to the climate system.
The Southern Ocean ecosystem under multiple climate change stresses ‐ an integrated circumpolar assessment
Authors: Gutt Julian , Bertler Nancy , Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Buschmann Alexander , Comiso Josefino , Hosie Graham , Isla Enrique , Schloss Irene R. , Smith Craig R. , Tournadre Jean , Xavier José C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA quantitative assessment of observed and projected environmental changes in the Southern Ocean (SO) with a potential impact on the marine ecosystem shows: (i) large proportions of the SO are and will be affected by one or more climate change processes; areas projected to be affected in the future are larger than areas that are already under environmental stress, (ii) areas affected by changes in sea‐ice in the past and likely in the future are much larger than areas affected by ocean warming. The smallest areas (<1% area of the SO) are affected by glacier retreat and warming in the deeper euphotic layer. In the future, decrease in the sea‐ice is expected to be widespread. Changes in iceberg impact resulting from further collapse of ice‐shelves can potentially affect large parts of shelf and ephemerally in the off‐shore regions. However, aragonite undersaturation (acidification) might become one of the biggest problems for the Antarctic marine ecosystem by affecting almost the entire SO. Direct and indirect impacts of various environmental changes to the three major habitats, sea‐ice, pelagic and benthos and their biota are complex. The areas affected by environmental stressors range from 33% of the SO for a single stressor, 11% for two and 2% for three, to <1% for four and five overlapping factors. In the future, areas expected to be affected by 2 and 3 overlapping factors are equally large, including potential iceberg changes, and together cover almost 86% of the SO ecosystem.