bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 gp120 Induces TLR2- and TLR4-Mediated Innate Immune Activation in Human Female Genital Epithelium
Authors: Nazli Aisha , Kafka Jessica K. , Ferreira Victor H. , Anipindi Varun , Mueller Kristen , Osborne Brendan J. , Dizzell Sara , Chauvin Sarah , Mian M. Firoz , Ouellet Michel , Tremblay Michel J. , Mossman Karen L. , Ashkar Ali A. , Kovacs Colin , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Snider Denis P. , Kaul Rupert , Kaushic Charu 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Although women constitute half of all HIV-1–infected people worldwide (UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report, 2011), the earliest events in the female reproductive tract (FRT) during heterosexual HIV-1 transmission are poorly understood. Recently, we demonstrated that HIV-1 could directly impair the mucosal epithelial barrier in the FRT. This suggested that the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 was being recognized by a membrane receptor on genital epithelial cells, leading to innate immune activation. In this study, we report that pattern-recognition receptors TLR2 and -4 bind to HIV-1 gp120 and trigger proinflammatory cytokine production via activation of NF-κB. The gp120–TLR interaction also required the presence of heparan sulfate (HS). Bead-binding assays showed that gp120 can bind to HS, TLR2, and TLR4, and studies in transfected HEK293 cells demonstrated that HS and TLR2 and -4 were necessary to mediate downstream signaling. Exposure to seminal plasma from HIV-1–infected and uninfected men with gp120 added to it induced a significant proinflammatory cytokine response from genital epithelial cells and disruption of tight junctions, indicating a role for gp120 in mucosal barrier disruption during HIV-1 heterosexual transmission. These studies provide, for the first time to our knowledge, a possible mechanism by which HIV-1 gp120 could directly initiate innate immune activation in the FRT during heterosexual transmission.
Cutting Edge: Mouse NAIP1 Detects the Type III Secretion System Needle Protein
Authors: Rayamajhi Manira , Zak Daniel E. , Chavarria-Smith Joseph , Vance Russell E. , Miao Edward A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasomes activate caspase-1 in response to bacterial type III secretion systems (T3SSs). Inadvertent injection of the T3SS rod protein and flagellin into the cytosol is detected through murine NAIP2 and NAIP5/6, respectively. In this study, we identify the agonist for the orphan murine NAIP1 receptor as the T3SS needle protein. NAIP1 is poorly expressed in resting mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages; however, priming with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid induces it and confers needle protein sensitivity. Further, overexpression of NAIP1 in immortalized bone marrow–derived macrophages by retroviral transduction enabled needle detection. In contrast, peritoneal cavity macrophages basally express NAIP1 and respond to needle protein robustly, independent of priming. Human macrophages are known to express only one NAIP gene, which detects the needle protein, but not rod or flagellin. Thus, murine NAIP1 is functionally analogous to human NAIP.
The Relationship between Oxygen Saturation and Color Alteration of a Compromised Skin Flap: Experimental Study on the Rabbit
Authors: Prasetyono Theddeus O. H. , Adianto Senja 
Published: September 2013

Background The aim of this study was to collect important data on the time of oxygen saturation change in relation to skin flap color alteration using non-invasive pulse oximetry to evaluate its ability to provide continuous monitoring of skin flap perfusion.
Methods An experimental study on the monitoring of blood perfusion of 20 tube-island groin flaps of 10 male New Zealand rabbits was performed using pulse oximetry. The animals were randomly assigned to one of two groups representing a blockage of either arterial or venous blood flow. The oxygen saturation change and clinical color alteration were monitored from the beginning of vessel clamping until the saturation became undetectable. The result was analyzed by the t-test using SSPS ver. 10.0.
Results The mean times from the vessel clamping until the saturation became undetectable were 20.19±2.13 seconds and 74.91±10.57 seconds for the artery and vein clamping groups, respectively. The mean time of the clinical alteration from the beginning of vein clamping was 34.5±11.72 minutes, while the alteration in flaps with artery clamping could not be detected until 2.5 hours after clamping.
Conclusions The use of neonate-type reusable flex sensor-pulse oximetry is objective and effective in early detection of arterial and vein blockage. It provides real-time data on vessel occlusion, which in turn will allow for early salvaging. The detection periods of both arterial occlusion and venous congestion are much earlier than the color alteration one may encounter clinically.
The Relationship between Preoperative Wound Classification and Postoperative Infection: A Multi-Institutional Analysis of 15,289 Patients
Authors: Mioton Lauren M , Jordan Sumanas W , Hanwright Philip J , Bilimoria Karl Y , Kim John YS 
Published: September 2013

Background Despite advances in surgical techniques, sterile protocols, and perioperative antibiotic regimens, surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a significant problem. We investigated the relationship between wound classification (i.e., clean, clean/contaminated, contaminated, dirty) and SSI rates in plastic surgery.
Methods We performed a retrospective review of a multi-institutional, surgical outcomes database for all patients undergoing plastic surgery procedures from 2006-2010. Patient demographics, wound classification, and 30-day outcomes were recorded and analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.
Results A total of 15,289 plastic surgery cases were analyzed. The overall SSI rate was 3.00%, with superficial SSIs occurring at comparable rates across wound classes. There were similar rates of deep SSIs in the clean and clean/contaminated groups (0.64%), while rates reached over 2% in contaminated and dirty cases. Organ/space SSIs occurred in less than 1% of each wound classification. Contaminated and dirty cases were at an increased risk for deep SSIs (odds ratios, 2.81 and 2.74, respectively); however, wound classification did not appear to be a significant predictor of superficial or organ/space SSIs. Clean/contaminated, contaminated, and dirty cases were at increased risk for a postoperative complication, and contaminated and dirty cases also had higher odds of reoperation and 30-day mortality.
Conclusions Analyzing a multi-center database, we found that wound classification was a significant predictor of overall complications, reoperation, and mortality, but not an adequate predictor of surgical site infections. When comparing infections for a given wound classification, plastic surgery had lower overall rates than the surgical population at large.
Nostril Base Augmentation Effect of Alveolar Bone Graft
Authors: Lee Woojin , Park Hyung Joon , Choi Hyun Gon , Shin Dong Hyeok , Uhm Ki Il 
Published: September 2013

Background The aims of alveolar bone grafting are closure of the fistula, stabilization of the maxillary arch, support for the roots of the teeth adjacent to the cleft on each side. We observed nostril base augmentation in patients with alveolar clefts after alveolar bone grafting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nostril base augmentation effect of secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with unilateral alveolar cleft.
Methods Records of 15 children with alveolar clefts who underwent secondary alveolar bone grafting with autogenous iliac cancellous bone between March of 2011 and May of 2012 were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative worm's-eye view photographs and reconstructed three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scans were used for photogrammetry. The depression of the nostril base and thickness of the philtrum on the cleft side were measured in comparison to the normal side. The depression of the cleft side pyriform aperture was measured in comparison to the normal side on reconstructed three-dimensional CT.
Results Significant changes were seen in the nostril base (P=0.005), the philtrum length (P=0.013), and the angle (P=0.006). The CT measurements showed significant changes in the pyriform aperture (P<0.001) and the angle (P<0.001).
Conclusions An alveolar bone graft not only fills the gap in the alveolar process but also augments the nostril base after surgery. In this study, only an alveolar bone graft was performed to prevent bias from other procedures. Nostril base augmentation can be achieved by performing alveolar bone grafts in children, in whom invasive methods are not advised.
Forehead Augmentation with a Methyl Methacrylate Onlay Implant Using an Injection-Molding Technique
Authors: Park Dong Kwon , Song Ingook , Lee Jin Hyo , You Young June 
Published: September 2013

Background The forehead, which occupies about one third of the face, is one of the major determinants of a feminine or masculine look. Various methods have been used for the augmentation of the forehead using autologous fat grafts or alloplastic materials. Methylmethacrylate (MMA) is the most appropriate material for augmentation of the forehead, and we have used an injection-molding technique with MMA to achieve satisfactory results.
Methods Under local anesthesia with intravenous (IV) sedation, an incision was made on the scalp and a meticulous and delicate subperiosteal dissection was then performed. MMA monomers and polymers were mixed, the dough was injected into the space created, and manual molding was performed along with direct inspection. This surgery was indicated for patients who wanted to correct an unattractive appearance by forehead augmentation. Every patient in this study visited our clinics 3 months after surgery to evaluate the results. We judged the postoperative results in terms of re-operation rates caused by the dissatisfaction of the patients and complications.
Results During a 13-year period, 516 patients underwent forehead augmentation with MMA. With the injection-molding technique, the inner surface of the MMA implant is positioned close to the underlying frontal bone, which minimizes the gap between the implant and bone. The borders of the implant should be tapered sufficiently until no longer palpable or visible. Only 28 patients (5.4%) underwent a re-operation due to an undesirable postoperative appearance.
Conclusions The injection-molding technique using MMA is a simple, safe, and ideal method for the augmentation of the forehead.
Nasal Anthropometry on Facial Computed Tomography Scans for Rhinoplasty in Koreans
Authors: Moon Kyung Min , Cho Geon , Sung Ha Min , Jung Min Su , Tak Kyoung Seok , Jung Sung-Won , Lee Hoon-Bum , Suh In Suck 
Published: September 2013

Background Cephalometric analysis is essential for planning treatment in maxillofacial and aesthetic facial surgery. Although photometric analysis of the Korean nose has been attempted in the past, anthropometry of the deeper nasal structures in the same population based on computerized tomography (CT) has not been published. We therefore measured three anthropometric parameters of the nose on CT scans in our clinical series of patients.
Methods We conducted the current retrospective study of a total of 100 patients (n=100) who underwent a CT-guided radiological measurement at our institution during a period ranging from January of 2008 to August of 2010. In these patients, we took three anthropometric measurements: the nasofrontal angle, the pyramidal angle, and the linear distance between the nasion and the tip of the nasal bone.
Results The mean nasofrontal angle was 131.14° in the male patients and 140.70° in the female patients. The mean linear distance between the nasion and the tip of the nasal bone was 21.28 mm and 18.02 mm, respectively. The mean nasal pyramidal angle was 112.89° and 103.25° at the level of the nasal root, 117.49° and 115.60° at the middle level of the nasal bone, and 127.99° and 125.04° at the level of the tip of the nasal bone, respectively.
Conclusions In conclusion, our data will be helpful in the preparation of silicone implants for augmentation and/or corrective rhinoplasty in ethnic Korean people.
Cortical excitability differences in hand muscles follow a split‐hand pattern in healthy controls
Authors: Menon Parvathi , Kiernan Matthew C. , Vucic Steve 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Differences in cortical and axonal excitability may underlie preferential atrophy of abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, termed the split‐hand. Consequently, this study aimed to determine whether differences in excitability follow a split‐hand pattern across the intrinsic hand muscles.Methods: Excitability studies were undertaken using threshold tracking techniques in 26 healthy controls with responses recorded over APB, FDI, and abductor digiti minimi.Results: Short interval intracortical inhibition was significantly greater from the APB and FDI. In addition, motor evoked potential amplitude was greater, while cortical silent period was longer from APB and FDI. At a peripheral level, the strength‐duration time constant was greater when recorded over APB.Conclusions: This study establishes that differences in cortical excitability follow the split‐hand pattern in healthy controls, a finding potentially explained by evolution of specialized activity of APB/FDI in complex hand tasks.Muscle Nerve49: 836–844, 2014
Motor unit potential induced repetitive discharges (MIRDs): Description of an unusual iterative discharge
Authors: So Noel F. , Rubin Devon I. , Jones Lyell K. , Litchy William J. , Sorenson Eric J. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Repetitive discharges may be recorded during nerve conduction studies (NCS) or during needle electromyography in a muscle at rest. Repetitive discharges that occur during voluntary activation and are time‐locked to voluntary motor unit potentials (MUP) have not been described. Methods: Retrospective review of motor unit potential induced repetitive discharges (MIRDs) identified in the EMG laboratory. Characteristics of each MIRD, patient demographics, other EMG findings in the same muscle, and electrophysiological diagnosis were analyzed. Results: MIRDs were observed in 15 patients. The morphology and number of spikes and duration of MIRDs varied. The discharges fired at rates of 50–200 Hz. All but 2 patients had EMG findings of a chronic neurogenic disorder. Conclusions: MIRDs are rare iterative discharges time‐locked to a voluntary MUP. The pathophysiology of MIRDs is unclear, but their presence may indicate a chronic neurogenic process. Muscle Nerve 48: 977–979, 2013
Variability and distribution of muscle strength and its determinants in humans
Authors: Stebbings Georgina K. , Morse Christopher I. , Williams Alun G. , Day Stephen H. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Inter‐individual variability in measurements of muscle strength and its determinants was identified to: (1) produce a normative data set describing the normal range and (2) determine whether some measurements are more informative than others when evaluating inter‐individual differences. Methods: Functional and morphological characteristics of the vastus lateralis were measured in 73 healthy, untrained adult men. Results: Inter‐individual variability (coefficient of variation) was greater for isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque (18.9%) compared with fascicle force (14.6%; P = 0.025) and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA; 17.2%) compared with anatomical cross‐sectional area (ACSA, 13.0%; P < 0.0005). The relationship between ACSA and isometric MVC torque (r2 = 0.56) was weaker than that between PCSA and fascicle force (r2 = 0.68). Conclusions: These results provide a normative data set on inter‐individual variability in a variety of muscle strength‐related measurements and illustrate the benefit of using more stringent measures of muscle properties. Muscle Nerve 49: 879–886, 2014
A Study on the Potential of Satellite Image-derived Hyperspectral Signatures to Assess the Grades of Iron ore Deposits
Authors: Magendran T. , Sanjeevi S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper present the results of a study made to assess the grades of iron ore deposits in parts of Noamundi area using the hyperspectral image data (EO-1 Hyperion). The study involves hyperspectral image data, preprocessing (removal of atmospheric effects), spectral curve generation from the image, extraction of certain spectral parameters and spectral data analysis. Atmospheric correction was carried out by using algorithms involving atmospheric analysis of spectral hyper-cubes and Quick Atmospheric Correction modules. Spectral curves generated for the pixels that contain iron ores resemble the spectral signature of iron ores, i.e., very strong absorption at 850-900nm region is observed. The strength of the absorption varies spatially at different pixels. Hence, spectral parameters such as radius of curvature of NIR absorption trough (750-1000nm), position of NIR absorption trough and distance from a reference(100% reflectance) line have been derived for all the image-derived spectra and were compared with the concentration of iron in the ore samples of mines. Empirical models were generated by relating the image-derived spectral parameters of iron ore locations and geochemistry of the samples collected from the same location which shows a reasonable match. Strong negative correlation is seen between the radius of curvature of the NIR absorption trough and concentration of iron with a R2 value of 0.809. The position of the NIR absorption trough is seen to shift towards longer wavelengths with decreasing iron content and the distance from the reference line increases with increasing iron content. Thus, this study indicates that it is feasible to discriminate the grades of iron ores from the spectral parameters derived from Hyperspectral satellite images.
Hypsometric Analysis and Watershed Management of Diyung Watershed in North Eastern India
Authors: Kusre B. C. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract:
The Diyung river descends in Nagaon district of Assam. After its confluence with main channel Kopili it causes enormous losses to life and property due to floods. Appropriate watershed treatment measures are, therefore, required for moderating the flood damage. In the present study landscape information viz., the hypsometric integral has been analysed. The Diyung watershed has been subdivided into 23 sub-watersheds for hypsometric analysis. The hypsometric integral for the entire Diyung watershed ranged from 0.14 to 0.56. According to the present study there are two stages of geologic/geomorphologic development, namely equilibrium stage and monadnock stage. The hypsometric integral indicates that surface runoff is the dominant process. Although static, the topographic characteristics indicate response of watershed to various natural phenomenon and dominant processes such as runoff and erosion. Based on the intensity of the processes sub-watershed can be prioritized for taking up appropriate conservation measures. The study also highlights the use of hypsometric integral for prioritizing watershed for planning engineering measures to mitigate the impact.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of Alternanthera sessilis—antiproliferative effect against prostate cancer cells
Authors: Firdhouse M. Jannathul , Lalitha P. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using the aqueous extract of Alternanthera sessilis under various experimental conditions. The aqueous extract of Alternanthera sessilis showed significant potential for the quick reduction of silver ions. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized with UV-visible absorption spectrophotometer, XRD, SEM, and FTIR analysis. The average crystallite size as calculated from x-ray diffraction studies and SEM analysis was found to be less than 100 nm. The cytotoxic activity of synthesized nanosilver was carried out against prostate cancer cells (PC3) by MTT assay and found to show significant activity. The present work of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Alternanthera sessilis appears to be cost effective, eco-friendly, and an alternative to conventional method of synthesis.
Telediagnosis of heart failure with continuous intrathoracic impedance monitoring by Medtronic CareLink Network: Importance of the elevation pattern of OptiVol Fluid Index
Authors: Sasaki Shingo , Ishida Yuji , Kinjo Takahiko , Itoh Taihei , Horiuchi Daisuke , Sasaki Kenichi , Owada Shingen , Kimura Masaomi , Okumura Ken 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe Medtronic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT‐D) device is equipped with the OptiVol fluid status monitoring system, which continuously measures intrathoracic impedance and provides an early warning of thoracic fluid retention, which is indicative of decompensated heart failure (HF). The accuracy of the telediagnosis of HF with this system still remains to be elucidated.MethodsWe studied 82 chronic HF patients implanted with a Medtronic ICD/CRT‐D (mean age 66±12 years, 62 men, ICD in 44 and CRT‐D in 38, left ventricular ejection fraction 37±14%). During follow‐up, we analyzed OptiVol alerts, which were sent by monthly scheduled transmission and by unscheduled CareAlerts transmission for threshold‐crossing events. The elevation patterns of OptiVol Fluid Index (OVFI), including the duration of threshold crossing, time interval from threshold crossing to peak OVFI, and peak OVFI, were compared between true decompensated HF and false‐positive events.ResultsDuring a mean period of 861±239 days, 612 OptiVol alerts were transmitted from 70 of the 82 patients (85.4%). These 612 alerts were derived from 298 episodes that potentially represented decompensated HF (2.1 alerts per episode). Of these 298 possible HF events, 119 (40%) were judged as true decompensated HF based on clinical findings, while the other 179 events (60%) were false positives, including unexpected OVFI elevation (n=83), paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (n=37), excessive exercise (n=18), non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia (n=10), and other causes. The analysis of the OVFI elevation pattern revealed that both the duration of threshold crossing and the peak OVFI value were significantly related to decompensated HF. The cutoff value for the duration of threshold crossing of OVFI for the diagnosis of HF was 21 days, showing 87% sensitivity and 85% specificity. The cutoff value of OVFI peak was 136.0 Ω, showing 90% sensitivity and 92% specificity.ConclusionsNot every OptiVol alert is indicative of decompensated HF. A threshold‐crossing OVFI for >21 days and an OVFI peak>136 Ω are both strongly indicative of decompensated HF, and may be useful in the telediagnosis of HF.