bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los canónigos regulares del Santo Sepulcro de Jerusalén en la península Ibérica (siglos XII-XV)
Authors: Calvo Gómez José Antonio 
Published: November 2015

<p>Este trabajo delimita la presencia de los canónigos del Santo Sepulcro de Jerusalén en la Península Ibérica después de 1126. Esta Orden tuvo su origen en el cabildo que, después de 1099, erigió Gofredo de Bouillón en la Anástasis para que en este lugar se recitara el Oficio Divino según el rito latino. Junto a los premonstratenses, los canónigos del hábito de San Antonio Abad y los de San Rufo de Aviñón, los canónigos del Santo Sepulcro se instalaron en el solar hispánico con motivo de la Reforma Gregoriana. En 1131, por testamento, el rey aragonés Alfonso I el Batallador entregó su reino proindiviso al capítulo del Santo Sepulcro y a los caballeros del Temple y del Hospital de Jerusalén.</p>
El “Rey Católico” de las primeras guerras de Italia. Imagen de Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla entre la expectación profética y la tensión internacional (1493-1499)
Authors: Fernández de Córdova Miralles Álvaro 
Published: November 2015

<p>En el último decenio del siglo XV la imagen de Fernando el Católico adquirió una dimensión europea definida por sus relaciones con el Papado, los proyectos de expansión mediterránea y el conflicto con Francia por el reino de Nápoles. En el presente trabajo pretendemos reconstruir la trayectoria –no siempre ascendente– de este icono político a través del juicio de los cronistas, la producción retórica y la literatura propagandística generada durante estos años marcados por la tensión internacional y la expectación profética: un período convulso y al mismo tiempo decisivo en la construcción simbólica de la Monarquía de los Reyes Católicos.</p>
Hidrofobia medieval: miedos y peligros vinculados al agua en la literatura castellana del XV
Authors: Lebrero Cocho Jorge 
Published: November 2015

<p>El estudio del miedo ofrece una perspectiva muy sugerente para el abordaje de la Historia de las mentalidades. Pese a que, como objeto de estudio, el miedo ha incrementado su presencia en trabajos recientes, los investigadores se han centrado en ámbitos sustancialmente diferentes al aquí tratado. El agua, fuente de energía, vía de comunicación y recurso imprescindible para toda vida, ha sido vista también con suspicacia y su contacto con ella afrontado con especial prevención, de manera absoluta cuando hablamos del mar y de los lógicos peligros que entraña. Hemos recurrido a algunas de las obras literarias castellanas más conocidas del ocaso de la Edad Media para tratar de entender qué recelos e inseguridades generaba el agua a sus contemporáneos.</p>
Huellas del poder: pizarras y poblados campesinos en el centro de la península Ibérica (siglos V-VII)
Authors: Martín Viso Iñaki 
Published: November 2015

<p>El objetivo del artículo es el análisis del significado social de las pizarras de época postromana<br />(siglos V-VII). Para ello, se estudian los contextos arqueológicos en que las pizarras han aparecido en el centro de la península ibérica. El resultado es que hay una tendencia a su vinculación con espacios de poder, “lugares centrales” controlados por elites locales. Pero también aparecen pizarras en poblados rurales campesinos. A partir del estudio de cuatro casos bien documentados arqueológicamente, y haciendo especial hincapié en La Genestosa (Casillas de Flores, Salamanca), puede concluirse que estamos ante las marcas del poder de las elites sobre escenarios campesinos que no controlan directamente.</p>
Más allá de la territorialización de los fueros: una relectura historiográfica del impacto de la jurisdicción alfonsina sobre los campesinos del reino de Valencia (siglos XIV-XV)
Authors: Viciano Pau 
Published: November 2015

<p>Este artículo analiza el impacto de la llamada “jurisdicción alfonsina”, una forma de baja jurisdicción criminal cedida por la corona en 1329 a los titulares de pequeños dominios territoriales, sobre el campesinado musulmán y cristiano del reino de Valencia. A través de un recorrido historiográfico que se inicia en el siglo XIX y se prolonga hasta la actualidad, se estudian las interpretaciones de la erudición liberal y de la historia social y económica, para proponer una nueva lectura basada en la relevancia del carácter colonial de la sociedad valenciana de la Edad Media, donde los campesinos musulmanes se vieron sometidos a condiciones jurisdiccionales más duras que los descendientes de los colonos cristianos.</p>
Response to visible light in amorphous carbon nitride films prepared by reactive sputtering
Authors: Aono Masami , Harata Tomo , Kitazawa Nobuaki , Watanabe Yoshihisa 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Amorphous carbon nitride (a-CN
x
) deposited by reactive sputtering shows deformation, photoconductive behavior, and thermal radiation by visible light irradiation. In this study, we investigated these photoresponse behaviors of a-CN
x
. To obtain films with different bonding structures, the films were deposited at various temperatures from 473 to 873 K. A reduction in N/C ratio led to a decrease in C–N bonding fraction and an increase in graphite component. The optical band gaps decreased with increasing temperature. Under white light illumination, the surface temperature of a-CN
x
increased with the narrowing of the band gap owing to the conversion of photon energy primarily into thermal energy. On the photoconductivity and deformation, a nonlinear relationship to the band gap energy was observed. In addition, both these photoresponses showed opposite trends in relation to the deposition temperature. The photoinduced deformation was suppressed by increasing the graphite component and decreasing the C–N bonding fraction.
Preparation of nitrogen doped silicon oxides thin films by plasma polymerization of 3-aminopropyltriethoxylsilane using atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Lin Yu-Chun , Wang Meng-Jiy 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Surface modification techniques have been applied in various applications including self-cleaning surface, antibacterial filter, and biomaterials. In this study we employed the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) deposition, a dry process for surface modification, to deposit 3-aminopropyltriethoxylsilane (APTES) on stainless steel (SS) on the purposes of simultaneously incorporating SiO
x
and nitrogen containing functionalities for the modulation of biofunctionality. The APPJ deposition allowed to form a thin layer of APTES with linear growth rate by controlling the deposition time. In addition, the surface chemical and physical properties, such as surface chemical composition, wettability, film thickness, and interactions with mammalian cells were evaluated by using different analytical methods. The results showed that the surface wettability was improved significantly due to the APTES deposition along with the increase of the incorporated nitrogen content. Moreover, the viability of L-929 fibroblasts was clearly promoted on the APTES deposited SS, which is most probably due to the thicker deposited films and higher density of nitrogen-containing functional groups. The outcomes of this research showed great potential to apply on metallic substrates in real time for biomedical related applications.
Bokanmeldelse: Om kunsten å formidle kunst!
Authors: Vold Thurid 
Published: November 2015

I tre aktuelle bøker skriver forfattere fra pedagogikkens første-divisjon om kunstformidling: Formidling av kunst til barn og unge av Arne Marius Samuelsen, Dialogbasert Undervisning. Kunstmuseet som læringsrom av Olga Dysthe, Nana Bernhardt, Line Enskjønn, og Kunsten å formidle av Alfred Oftedal Telhaug. Anmelderen skriver at alle tre bøkene er gode bidrag til litteraturen om kunstformidling og er unnværlige for alle som underviser barn og unge i skole og museer. Bøkene bør ha en selvsagt plass på litteraturlisten for faglærerstudenter i kunst og håndverk, almenlærer- og førskolelærer­studenter og museumspedagoger.
Information Content of Text in Chinese Audit Opinions *
Authors: Zhao Ziye , Lin Minhua 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper investigates the economic consequences of text in Chinese modified audit opinions. We find that negative text is related with positive market response. We also find that the market premium of negative text is more pronounced for companies that suffer losses, disclose conflicts between the board and auditors, or do not fire their top executives after receiving modified audit opinions. Furthermore, the more patents a company applies for, the stronger the economic consequences of negative text. Finally, we find that the use of negative words improves a company’s earnings response coefficient (ERC). Taken together, our results lead us to conclude that text in audit opinions conveys information about “audit caution” instead of corporate performance.
The Isolation and Characterization of Murine Macrophages
Authors: Gonçalves Ricardo , Mosser David M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMacrophages are mononuclear phagocytes that are widely distributed throughout the body. These cells can contribute to development and homeostasis and participate in innate and adaptive immune responses. The physiology of macrophages can vary tremendously depending on the environment in which they reside and the local stimuli to which they are exposed. Macrophages are prodigious secretory cells, and in that role can promote and regulate immune responses and contribute to autoimmune pathologies. Macrophages are highly phagocytic, and in this capacity have long been considered to be essential immune effector cells. The important roles of macrophages in maintaining homeostasis and in contributing to tissue remodeling and wound healing is sometimes overlooked because of their vital role in host defense. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Activation of Murine Macrophages
Authors: Mosser David M. , Gonçalves Ricardo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOur understanding of cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) has revealed the importance of activated macrophages as key immune effector cells. Over the past decade, we have come to realize that macrophages exhibit remarkable plasticity, and different populations of macrophages with distinct physiologies can develop in response to different stimuli. In fact, it is likely that the number of different macrophage populations that can arise may be as diverse as the activating stimuli that induce them. Some of these stimuli can instruct macrophages to kill microbes (classical activation), lay down extracellular matrix components to promote wound healing (alternative activation), or secrete anti‐inflammatory cytokines to terminate inflammation (regulatory macrophages). New ways to biochemically identify these cells have led to a better understanding of the heterogeneity of activated macrophages. As our understanding of the various macrophage populations increases, so does the potential for therapeutic intervention based on targeting specific populations of activated macrophages. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A tale of two California droughts: Lessons amidst record warmth and dryness in a region of complex physical and human geography
Authors: Swain Daniel L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe state of California has experienced the worst drought in its historical record during 2012–2015. Adverse effects of this multiyear event have been far from uniformly distributed across the region, ranging from remarkably mild in most of California's densely populated coastal cities to very severe in more rural, agricultural, and wildfire‐prone regions. This duality of impacts has created a tale of two very different California droughts—highlighting enhanced susceptibility to climate stresses at the environmental and socioeconomic margins of California. From a geophysical perspective, the persistence of related atmospheric anomalies has raised a number of questions regarding the drought's origins—including the role of anthropogenic climate change. Recent investigations underscore the importance of understanding the underlying physical causes of extremes in the climate system, and the present California drought represents an excellent case study for such endeavors. Meanwhile, a powerful El Niño event in the Pacific Ocean offers the simultaneous prospect of partial drought relief but also an increased risk of flooding during the 2015–2016 winter—a situation illustrative of the complex hydroclimatic risks California and other regions are likely to face in a warming world.
Passive buoyant tracers in the ocean surface boundary layer: 2. Observations and simulations of microplastic marine debris
Authors: Brunner K. , Kukulka T. , Proskurowski G. , Law K. L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper is the second of a two‐part series that investigates passive buoyant tracers in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL). The first part examines the influence of equilibrium wind‐waves on vertical tracer distributions, based on large eddy simulations (LESs) of the wave‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equation. Motivated by observations of buoyant microplastic marine debris (MPMD), this study applies the LES model and the parametric one‐dimensional column model from part one to examine the vertical distributions of MPMD. MPMD is widely distributed in vast regions of the subtropical gyres and has emerged as a major open ocean pollutant whose distribution is subject to upper ocean turbulence. The models capture shear‐driven turbulence, Langmuir turbulence (LT), and enhanced turbulent kinetic energy input due to breaking waves (BWs). Model results are only consistent with observations of MPMD profiles and the relationship between surface concentrations and wind speed if LT effects are included. Neither BW nor shear‐driven turbulence is capable of deeply submerging MPMD, suggesting that the observed vertical MPMD distributions are a characteristic signature of wave‐driven LT. Thus, this study demonstrates that LT substantially increases turbulent transport in the OSBL, resulting in deep submergence of buoyant tracers. The parametric model is applied to 11 years of observations in the North Atlantic and North Pacific subtropical gyres to show that surface measurements substantially underestimate MPMD concentrations by a factor of 3–13.
Macroscale‐wide nutrient inversions in the subsurface layer of the Japan Sea during summer
Authors: Kodama Taketoshi , Morimoto Haruyuki , Igeta Yosuke , Ichikawa Tadafumi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe nutrient concentrations at depths of 0–200 m in the southern area of the Japan Sea were investigated at 97 stations during six cruises between June and October in 2013 and 2014. The nutrient concentrations at the surface were depleted to less than 0.1 µM, except for silicates, which remained at 0.8–5 µM, and increased below the nutricline, at depths of 20–125 m. The vertical profiles of nitrate, silicate, and/or phosphate concentrations between 131°30′E–139°40′E and 35°50′N–40°40′N showed a peak in the subsurface layer at 40, 71, and 6 stations, respectively, and nutrient inversions occurred at macroscale widths. The subsurface nutrient maximum occurred at depths of 20–150 m in waters at temperatures of 15–16°C and potential densities of 25.3–25.5 σθ, on average. The depths of the subsurface nutrient maximum were generally associated with a salinity maximum originating in the bottom water of the shallow Tsushima Strait. The nutrient inversions were disturbed by phytoplankton consumption, as indicated by the presence of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum at the same depth or below the salinity maximum at stations without nutrient inversions. Therefore, it was inferred that remineralization of nutrients near the bottom, from the East China Sea to the Tsushima Strait, and horizontal advection by the Tsushima Warm Current below the euphotic layer induced macroscale subsurface nutrient inversions in the southern Japan Sea.
Long‐lifetime ice particles in mixed‐phase stratiform clouds: Quasi‐steady and recycled growth
Authors: Yang Fan , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Shaw Raymond A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIce particles play an important role in precipitation and radiation transfer in stratiform mixed‐phase clouds. Lagrangian ice particle tracking in mixed‐phase clouds is applied in both a 3‐D time‐dependent velocity field produced by a large eddy simulation cloud model and a 2‐D idealized field. It is found that more than 10% of ice particles have lifetimes longer than 1.5 h, much longer than the large eddy turnover time or the time for a crystal to fall through the depth of a nonturbulent cloud. An analysis of trajectories in a 2‐D idealized field shows that there are two types of long‐lifetime ice particles: quasi‐steady and recycled growth. For quasi‐steady growth, ice particles are suspended in the updraft velocity region for a long time. For recycled growth, ice particles are trapped in the large eddy structures, and whether ice particles grow or sublimate depends on the ice relative humidity profile within the boundary layer. Some ice particles can grow after each cycle in the trapping region, until they are too large to be trapped, and thus have long lifetimes. The relative contribution of the recycled ice particles to the cloud mean ice water content depends on both the dynamic and thermodynamic properties of the mixing layer. In particular, the total ice water content of a mixed‐phase cloud in a decoupled boundary layer can be much larger than that in a fully coupled boundary layer.
Shallow normal fault slopes on Saturnian icy satellites
Authors: Beddingfield Chloe B. , Burr Devon M. , Dunne William M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFault dips are a function of the coefficient of internal friction, μi, of the lithospheric material. Laboratory deformation experiments of H2O ice at conditions applicable to icy bodies yield 0 ≤ μi ≤ 0.55 such that normal faults dip between 45° and 59°. We tested the hypothesis that normal faults on icy bodies reflect these values by using digital elevation models to examine geometries of large extensional systems on three Saturnian satellites. Analyzed faults within Ithaca Chasma on Tethys and Avaiki Chasmata on Rhea all exhibit shallower‐than‐predicted topographic slopes across the fault scarp, which we term “fault slopes.” A scarp of Padua Chasmata within Dione's Wispy Terrain also has a shallow fault slope, although three others that make up Palatine Chasmata exhibit steeper slopes as predicted. We infer that viscous relaxation is the most viable explanation for these shallow fault slopes, and we model the potential role of viscous relaxation in creating shallow slopes. Our modeling results support formation of these normal faults with steep dips consistent with deformation experiments, followed by their relaxation due to lithospheric heating events related to radionuclide decay. The steepest fault slopes in this terrain yield 0 ≤ μi ≤ 0.73 for Dione's lithospheric ice, which overlaps the dip range predicted from experiments. Results of this work suggest that viscous relaxation substantially affected fault slopes on Tethys, Rhea, and Dione. By implication, these processes may have also affected fault geometries on other icy satellites.
Holocene North Atlantic Overturning in an atmosphere‐ocean‐sea ice model compared to proxy‐based reconstructions
Authors: Blaschek M. , Renssen H. , Kissel C. , Thornalley D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractClimate and ocean circulation in the North Atlantic region changed over the course of the Holocene, partly because of disintegrating ice sheets and partly because of an orbital‐induced insolation trend. In the Nordic Seas, this impact was accompanied by a rather small, but significant, amount of Greenland ice sheet melting. We have employed the EMIC LOVECLIM and compared our model simulations with proxy‐based reconstructions of δ13C, sortable silt, and magnetic susceptibility (κ) used to infer changes in past ocean circulation over the last 9000 years. The various reconstructions exhibit different long‐term evolutions suggesting changes in either the overturning of the Atlantic in total or of subcomponents of the ocean circulation, such as the overflow waters across the Greenland‐Scotland ridge. Thus, the question arises whether these reconstructions are consistent with each other or not. A comparison with model results indicates that δ13C, employed as an indicator of overturning, agrees well with the long‐term evolution of the modeled Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The model results suggest that different long‐term trends in subcomponents of the AMOC, such as Iceland‐Scotland overflow water, are consistent with proxy‐based reconstructions and allow some of the reconstructions to be reconciled with the modeled and reconstructed (from δ13C) AMOC evolution. We find a weak early Holocene AMOC, which recovers by 7 kyr B.P. and shows a weak increasing trend of 88 ± 1 mSv/kyr toward present, with relatively low variability on centennial to millennial timescales.
Ethnic differences in the consistency and accuracy of perceived exertion
Authors: Sweatt S. Katherine , Roy Jane , Chandler‐Laney Paula , Fisher Gordon , Brock David , Hunter Gary 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesThis study investigated the effect of weight loss and weight regain on accuracy of perceived exertion (APE) in previously overweight African American (AA) and European American (EA) women.MethodsFormerly overweight women (n = 102, age 20–44 years) completed a weight loss program to achieve BMI < 25 kg/m2. Physiological variable of exertion and rating of perceived exertion (RPE, Borg's 6–20 Scale) were recorded during submaximal aerobic exercise prior to, immediately following, and approximately 1 year after weight loss. APE was defined as the composite score of physiological variables (heart rate, ventilation rate, and respiratory exchange ratio) minus RPE.ResultsAPE was significantly different from the composite score of physiological variables at baseline and at 1‐year follow‐up for EA women (0.347 ± 0.88 P < 0.05 and 0.53 ± 0.92, P < 0.01, respectively) and at 1‐year follow‐up for AA (−0.37 ± 1.1, P < 0.01). EA women had lower physiological effort at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up states (−0.24 ± 0.66 P < 0.05; and, −0.27 ± 0.84 P < 0.05, respectively). AA women had higher physiological effort, at 1‐year follow‐up state (0.21 ± 0.61, P < 0.01).ConclusionsPhysiologic effort and perceived exertion contributed independently to the racial differences in APE, and APE may be an important trait to evaluate before planning an exercise intervention. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:398–404, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immigrant dairy workers' perceptions of health and safety on the farm in America's Heartland
Authors: Liebman Amy King , Juarez‐Carrillo Patricia Margarita , Reyes Iris Anne Cruz , Keifer Matthew Charles 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundDairy farming is dangerous. Yearly, farms grow fewer and larger by employing immigrant workers, who have limited industrial agriculture experience and safety and health training.MethodsWe examined results of five focus groups with 37 Hispanic, immigrant dairy workers. Analysis followed a grounded theory approach and employed ATLAS.ti.ResultsReported injury experience affirmed the hazardous nature of dairy. Some workers received appropriate worker compensation benefits, whereas others were instructed to deny work‐relatedness. Some employers covered medical injury costs out‐of‐pocket, whereas others did not. Cows were a major injury source. Pressure to work and weather were noted as injury risk factors. Worker compensation was poorly understood, and immigration status and fear of deportation influenced injury and hazard reporting.ConclusionInjury management practices range from benevolent to threatening. Workers compensation is poorly understood and undocumented status is an occupational hazard. We underscore the need for further research and immigration policy change. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:227–235, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.