bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Early Invasive Approach on Outcomes of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Baseline Anemia: Analysis From the ACSIS Registry
Authors: Sudarsky Doron , Sudarsky Merav , Matezky Shlomi , Goldenberg Ilan , Farcas Ateret , Nikolsky Eugenia ,   for the ACSIS Investigators
Published: July 2015

BackgroundAnemia in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is strongly related to the increased risk of bleeding and mortality. Whether benefit of early invasive strategy exceeds the risk of bleeding in these patients is unknown.AimTo assess impact of early coronary angiography on outcomes of patients with ACS and baseline anemia.Methods and ResultsBiennial Israeli ACS registry (ACSIS) prospectively collects data from all 26 public hospitals. The endpoints included rates of in‐hospital major bleeding, as well as 30‐day and 1‐year mortality. Anemia at baseline was present in 1,464 of 5,600 patients with ACS (26.1%). Coronary angiography within index hospitalization was performed less frequently in patients with anemia (76.6% vs. 90.8%, P < 0.001). Non‐performance of coronary angiography was associated with older age and higher prevalence of comorbidities. Among patients with anemia who underwent coronary angiography, the majority (95.5%) had obstructive coronary disease, of whom 77.8% were triaged to revascularization. Performance of coronary angiography was associated with significantly lower (P < 0.0001) rates of mortality at 30 days (5.7% vs. 15.6%) and at 1 year (11.9% vs. 34.1%). Major bleeding occurred with similar incidence in groups with and without coronary angiography (3.1% vs. 3.8%, respectively; P = 0.54). By multivariable analysis, performance of coronary angiography was an independent predictor of lower 1‐year mortality (hazard ratio [95%CI] = 0.30 [0.21, 0.44].ConclusionIn the setting of ACS, despite the presence of baseline anemia, early coronary angiography with subsequent revascularization, when indicated, was associated with improved clinical outcomes including 1‐year mortality without significant increase in rates of major bleeding.
CD4+CD56+ natural killer T‐like cells secreting interferon‐γ are associated with incident coronary events
Authors: Björkbacka H. , Berg K. E. , Manjer J. , Engelbertsen D. , Wigren M. , Ljungcrantz I. , Andersson L. , Hedblad B. , Fredrikson G. N. , Nilsson J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundCD3+CD56+ natural killer T (NKT)‐like cells are a subset of T cells characterized by expression of NK receptors and potent antitumour activity. It has also been suggested that they have a role in autoimmune disease, and levels of NKT‐like cells are elevated in patients with coronary disease.ObjectivesTo investigate whether high levels of CD3+CD56+ NKT‐like cells are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and a lower incidence of cancer.MethodsThis was a prospective study including 700 subjects participating in the baseline investigation of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study between 1991 and 1994. Leucocytes obtained at the baseline investigation and stored at −140 °C were thawed and CD3+CD56+ cells analysed by flow cytometry. The incidence rates of cancer and coronary events during a mean follow‐up of 15 years were determined through national registers.ResultsSubjects in the lowest tertile of interferon (IFN)‐γ‐expressing CD4+CD56+ cells were found to have an increased risk of incidence of coronary events (log‐rank test: P < 0.05). This association remained significant after controlling for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes and the Th1/Th2 and Th1/Treg cell ratios in a Cox proportional hazards regression model (hazard ratio 1.98, 95% confidence interval 1.24–3.16), but not when the LDL/HDL ratio was included in the model. There were no associations between CD3+CD56+ NKT‐like cells and incident cancer.ConclusionsThe present results could not confirm the hypothesis that low levels of CD3+CD56+ NKT‐like cells are associated with a higher incidence of cancer and a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. However, we found that low levels of IFN‐γ‐expressing CD3+CD4+CD56+ NKT‐like cells were associated with an increased incidence of coronary events and that this association may be dependent on lipoproteins.
Does altering the occlusal vertical dimension produce temporomandibular disorders? A literature review
Authors: Moreno‐Hay I. , Okeson J. P. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this review was to present a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence available in the literature regarding the effect of altering the occlusal vertical dimens‐ion (OVD) on producing temporomandibular disorders. The authors conducted a PubMed search with the following search terms ‘temporoman‐dibular disorders’, ‘occlusal vertical dimension’, ‘stomatognatic system’, ‘masticatory muscles’ and ‘skeletal muscle’. Bibliographies of all retrieved articles were consulted for additional publications. Hand‐searched publications from 1938 were included. The literature review revealed a lack of well‐designed studies. Traditional beliefs have been based on case reports and anecdotal opinions rather than on well‐controlled clinical trials. The available evidence is weak and seems to indicate that the stomatognathic system has the ability to adapt rapidly to moderate changes in occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). Nevertheless, it should be taken into consideration that in some patients mild transient symptoms may occur, but they are most often self‐limiting and without major consequence. In conclusion, there is no indication that permanent alteration in the OVD will produce long‐lasting TMD symptoms. However, additional studies are needed.
The Earlier, the Worse? Age of Onset of Sexual Interest in Children
Authors: Tozdan Safiye , Briken Peer 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
Investigating the variability of the age of onset (AOO) of sexual interest in children (SIC) and the interrelations of important measures in individuals having a SIC, especially the role of the AOO.

Methods
A sample of 75 individuals from different contexts having a SIC was examined within an online survey. We explored the relations between AOO and other characteristics of the sample using correlation coefficients. The main outcome measures were self-reported AOO of the SIC, its exclusiveness, its flexibility over time, participants' motivation to change it, and their self-efficacy for modifying it.

Results
Results displayed that the AOO ranges from 6 to 44, and has a mean value of 17 and a median of 15 years. AOO correlates only with the flexibility, indicating that the earlier participants recognized their SIC, the less change they have experienced over time.

Conclusion
AOO of SIC may be broadly distributed and related to its flexibility. Further studies should clarify the relevance of these preliminary results and their possible implications for clinical practice.
Epidemiology, Regional Characteristics, Knowledge, and Attitude Toward Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Southern Iran
Authors: Dehghankhalili Maryam , Fallahi Soghra , Mahmudi Forugh , Ghaffarpasand Fariborz , Shahrzad Mohammad Esmaeil , Taghavi Mohsen , Fereydooni Asl Marjan 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionFemale genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), also known as female circumcision, is an ancient traditional procedure that involves partial or total removal of the female external genitalia for nonmedical reasons. Although it is well described in African and some Arabic countries, data from Iran are scarce.AimTo describe the epidemiology, regional characteristics, knowledge, and attitude toward FGM/C in Southern Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted during a 36-month period from 2010 to 2013 in Hormozgan, a southern province of Iran near the Persian Gulf. We included 780 women in six major rural areas of the province who referred to healthcare centers for vaccination, midwifery, or family planning services. All participants underwent complete pelvic examination to determine the type of FGM. The questionnaire consisted of several sections such as demographic and baseline characteristics, and two self-report sections addressing the knowledge and attitude toward FGM/C and its complications. Baseline sociodemographic characteristics including age, educational level, marital status, religion, and nationality were the independent variables.ResultsAmong the participants, 535 (68.5%) had undergone FGM/C. FGM/C was associated with higher age (P = 0.002), Afghan nationality (P = 0.003), Sunni Islam as religion (P = 0.019), illiteracy (P &lt; 0.001), and family history of FGM/C in mother (P &lt; 0.001), sister (P &lt; 0.001), and grandmother (P &lt; 0.001). Ancient traditions in the area (57.1%) were mentioned as the most important factor leading to FMG/C. Urinary tract infection was the most common reported complication (60.4%).ConclusionFGM/C is a common practice in rural areas of Southern Iran. It is associated with increased age, illiteracy, Sunni Islam religion, Afghan nationality, and positive family history. Lack of knowledge toward FGM/C is the main cause of its high prevalence and continuation in the area.
RAD mapping reveals an evolving, polymorphic and fuzzy boundary of a plant pseudoautosomal region
Authors: Qiu S. , Bergero R. , Guirao‐Rico S. , Campos J. L. , Cezard T. , Gharbi K. , Charlesworth D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHow loss of genetic exchanges (recombination) evolves between sex chromosomes is a long‐standing question. Suppressed recombination may evolve when a sexually antagonistic (SA) polymorphism occurs in a partially sex‐linked ‘pseudoautosomal’ region (or ‘PAR’), maintaining allele frequency differences between the two sexes, and creating selection for closer linkage with the fully sex‐linked region of the Y chromosome in XY systems, or the W in ZW sex chromosome systems. Most evidence consistent with the SA polymorphism hypothesis is currently indirect, and more studies of the genetics and population genetics of PAR genes are clearly needed. The sex chromosomes of the plant Silene latifolia are suitable for such studies, as they evolved recently and the loss of recombination could still be ongoing. Here, we used RAD sequencing to genetically map sequences in this plant, which has a large genome (c. 3 gigabases) and no available whole‐genome sequence. We mapped 83 genes on the sex chromosomes, and comparative mapping in the related species S. vulgaris supports previous evidence for additions to an ancestral PAR and identified at least 12 PAR genes. We describe evidence that recombination rates have been reduced in meiosis of both sexes, and differences in recombination between S. latifolia families suggest ongoing recombination suppression. Large allele frequency differences between the sexes were found at several loci closely linked to the PAR boundary, and genes in different regions of the PAR showed striking sequence diversity patterns that help illuminate the evolution of the PAR.
Targeted capture in evolutionary and ecological genomics
Authors: Jones Matthew R. , Good Jeffrey M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe rapid expansion of next‐generation sequencing has yielded a powerful array of tools to address fundamental biological questions at a scale that was inconceivable just a few years ago. Various genome‐partitioning strategies to sequence select subsets of the genome have emerged as powerful alternatives to whole‐genome sequencing in ecological and evolutionary genomic studies. High‐throughput targeted capture is one such strategy that involves the parallel enrichment of preselected genomic regions of interest. The growing use of targeted capture demonstrates its potential power to address a range of research questions, yet these approaches have yet to expand broadly across laboratories focused on evolutionary and ecological genomics. In part, the use of targeted capture has been hindered by the logistics of capture design and implementation in species without established reference genomes. Here we aim to (i) increase the accessibility of targeted capture to researchers working in nonmodel taxa by discussing capture methods that circumvent the need of a reference genome, (ii) highlight the evolutionary and ecological applications where this approach is emerging as a powerful sequencing strategy and (iii) discuss the future of targeted capture and other genome‐partitioning approaches in the light of the increasing accessibility of whole‐genome sequencing. Given the practical advantages and increasing feasibility of high‐throughput targeted capture, we anticipate an ongoing expansion of capture‐based approaches in evolutionary and ecological research, synergistic with an expansion of whole‐genome sequencing.
The chromosomal SezAT toxin–antitoxin system promotes the maintenance of the SsPI‐1 pathogenicity island in epidemic Streptococcus suis
Authors: Yao Xinyue , Chen Tian , Shen Xiaodong , Zhao Yan , Wang Min , Rao Xiancai , Yin Supeng , Wang Jing , Gong Yali , Lu Shuguang , Le Shuai , Tan Yinling , Tang Jiaqi , Fuquan Hu , Li Ming 
Published: July 2015

SummaryStreptococcus suis has emerged as a causative agent of human meningitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome over the last years. The high pathogenicity of S. suis may be due in part to a laterally acquired pathogenicity island (renamed SsPI‐1), which can spontaneously excise and transfer to recipients. Cells harboring excised SsPI‐1 can potentially lose this island if cell division occurs prior to its reintegration; however, attempts to cure SsPI‐1 from the host cells have been unsuccessful. Here, we report that an SsPI‐1‐borne Epsilon/Zeta toxin–antitoxin system (designated SezAT) promotes SsPI‐1 stability in bacterial populations. The sezAT locus consists of two closely linked sezT and sezA genes encoding a toxin and its cognate antitoxin, respectively. Overproduction of SezT induces a bactericidal effect that can be neutralized by co‐expression of SezA, but not by its later action. When devoid of a functional SezAT system, large‐scale deletion of SsPI‐1 is straightforward. Thus, SezAT serves to ensure inheritance of SsPI‐1 during cell division, which may explain the persistence of epidemic S. suis. This report presents the first functional characterization of TA loci in S. suis, and the first biochemical evidence for the adaptive significance of the Epsilon/Zeta system in the evolution of pathogen virulence.
Thymidine kinases share a conserved function for nucleotide salvage and play an essential role in Arabidopsis thaliana growth and development
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhang Lin , Yang Dong‐Lei , Li Qun , He Zuhua 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Thymidine kinases (TKs) are important components in the nucleotide salvage pathway. However, knowledge about plant TKs is quite limited. In this study, the molecular function of TKs in Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated.

Two TKs were identified and named AtTK1 and AtTK2. Expression of both genes was ubiquitous, but AtTK1 was strongly expressed in high‐proliferation tissues. AtTK1 was localized to the cytosol, whereas AtTK2 was localized to the mitochondria. Mutant analysis indicated that the two genes function coordinately to sustain normal plant development.

Enzymatic assays showed that the two TK proteins shared similar catalytic specificity for pyrimidine nucleosides. They were able to complement an Escherichia coli strain lacking TK activity. 5′‐Fluorodeoxyuridine (FdU) resistance and 5‐ethynyl 2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assays confirmed their activity in vivo. Furthermore, the tk mutant phenotype could be alleviated by nucleotide feeding, establishing that the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides was disrupted by the TK deficiency. Finally, both human and rice (Oryza sativa) TKs were able to rescue the tk mutants, demonstrating the functional conservation of TKs across organisms.

Taken together, our findings clarify the specialized function of two TKs in A. thaliana and establish that the salvage pathway mediated by the kinases is essential for plant growth and development.
Genome‐wide association mapping of time‐dependent growth responses to moderate drought stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bac‐Molenaar Johanna A. , Granier Christine , Keurentjes Joost J. B. , Vreugdenhil Dick 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLarge areas of arable land are often confronted with irregular rainfall resulting in limited water availability for part(s) of the growing seasons, which demands research for drought tolerance of plants. Natural variation was observed for biomass accumulation upon controlled moderate drought stress in 324 natural accessions of Arabidopsis. Improved performance under drought stress was correlated with early flowering and lack of vernalization requirement, indicating overlap in the regulatory networks of flowering time and drought response or correlated responses of these traits to natural selection. In addition, plant size was negatively correlated with relative water content (RWC) independent of the absolute water content (WC), indicating a prominent role for soluble compounds. Growth in control and drought conditions was determined over time and was modelled by an exponential function. Genome‐wide association (GWA) mapping of temporal plant size data and of model parameters resulted in the detection of six time‐dependent quantitative trait loci (QTLs) strongly associated with drought. Most QTLs would not have been identified if plant size was determined at a single time point. Analysis of earlier reported gene expression changes upon drought enabled us to identify for each QTL the most likely candidates.
Inhibition of root meristem growth by cadmium involves nitric oxide‐mediated repression of auxin accumulation and signalling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yuan Hong‐Mei , Huang Xi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe root is the first plant organ to get in contact with the toxin cadmium (Cd), which is a widespread soil contaminant. Cd inhibits the growth of the primary root, but the mechanisms underlying this inhibition remain elusive. In this study, we used physiological, pharmacological and genetic approaches to investigate the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and auxin in Cd‐mediated inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem growth. Our study demonstrated that in the first 12 h of exposure, Cd inhibits primary root elongation through a decrease in the sizes of both the elongation and meristematic zones. Following Cd exposure, a decrease in auxin levels is associated with reduced PIN1/3/7 protein accumulation, but not with reduced PIN1/3/7 transcript levels. Additionally, Cd stabilized AXR3/IAA17 protein to repress auxin signalling in this Cd‐mediated process. Furthermore, decreasing Cd‐induced NO accumulation with either NO‐specific scavenger 2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide (cPTIO) or NO synthase inhibitor Nω‐nitro‐l‐Arg‐methylester (l‐NAME) compromised the Cd‐mediated inhibition of root meristem development, reduction in auxin and PIN1/3/7 accumulation, as well as stabilization of AXR3/IAA17, indicating that NO participates in Cd‐mediated inhibition of root meristem growth. Taken together, our data suggest that Cd inhibits root meristem growth by NO‐mediated repression of auxin accumulation and signalling in Arabidopsis.
Long‐Pulsed Neodymium‐Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for Glomuvenous Malformations in Adolescents
Authors: Trost Jaren , Buckley Colin , Smidt Aimee C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCurrently there exist few reported cases where lasers are used successfully to treat glomuvenous malformations in adolescents. In the two cases described here, we provide evidence that the long‐pulsed neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser is an effective and safe alternative treatment for these lesions. Our case series is unique because it focuses on adolescents, the population that most often seeks treatment for this dermatologic condition.
Percutaneous Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Patients with Complex Abdomen
Authors: Jalandhara Nishant , Balamuthusamy Saravanan , Shah Bhumi , Souraty Pierre 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPeritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective treatment for end‐stage renal disease. There are several techniques of percutaneous PD catheter placement including trocar or Seldinger techniques. Placement can be performed with fluoroscopy and/or sonography or as a blind percutaneous procedure. Historically, percutaneous PD catheters have been placed in patients even if they had prior abdominal surgeries. The outcomes of percutaneous PD catheter placement in patients with complex abdomen (patients with two or more abdominal surgeries or known adhesions) are unknown. This study was carried out to determine the outcomes of percutaneous PD catheter placements using Seldinger technique with sonography and fluoroscopy in patients with complex abdomen. Preprocedure sonography was also used to identify site of adhesions and blood vessels. The goal was to see if ultrasound and fluoroscopy would support placement of PD catheters in patients with complex abdomens. There were total of 10 catheter placements in 10 patients with complex abdomen. The initial success rate was 100%. The patients had an average of 2.8 abdominal surgeries. The mean BMI was 28.4. There were no incidences of perforation or failed placements. One catheter was replaced due to outflow failure and one patient discontinued PD due to peri‐catheter leak. One year catheter survival was 80%. Our study demonstrates benefits of using ultrasonography and fluoroscopy during percutaneous PD catheter placement by the Seldinger technique in patients with complex abdomen.
The Mechanics of Human Achievement
Authors: Duckworth Angela L. , Eichstaedt Johannes C. , Ungar Lyle H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCountless studies have addressed why some individuals achieve more than others. Nevertheless, the psychology of achievement lacks a unifying conceptual framework for synthesizing these empirical insights. We propose organizing achievement‐related traits by two possible mechanisms of action: Traits that determine the rate at which an individual learns a skill are talent variables and can be distinguished conceptually from traits that determine the effort an individual puts forth. This approach takes inspiration from Newtonian mechanics: achievement is akin to distance traveled, effort to time, skill to speed, and talent to acceleration. A novel prediction from this model is that individual differences in effort (but not talent) influence achievement (but not skill) more substantially over longer (rather than shorter) time intervals. Conceptualizing skill as the multiplicative product of talent and effort, and achievement as the multiplicative product of skill and effort, advances similar, but less formal, propositions by several important earlier thinkers.