bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real samples sensitive dopamine sensor based on poly 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl((4-carboxlicphenyl)hydrazono)acetonitrile on a glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Alsoghier Hesham M. , Abd-Elsabour Mohamed , Alhamzani Abdulrahman G. , Abou-Krisha Mortaga M. , Assaf Hytham F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHerein, a novel electrochemical sensor that was used for the first time for sensitive and selective detection of dopamine (DA) was fabricated. The new sensor is based on the decoration of the glassy carbon electrode surface (GC) with a polymer film of 1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl((4-carboxlicphenyl)hydrazono)) acetonitrile (poly(BTCA). The prepared (poly(BTCA) was examined by using different techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The electrochemical investigations of DA were assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results obtained showed that the modifier increased the electrocatalytic efficiency with a noticeable increase in the oxidation peak current of DA in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at an optimum pH of 7.0 and scan rate of 200 mV/s when compared to unmodified GC. The new sensor displays a good performance for detecting DA with a limit of detection (LOD 3σ), and limit of quantification (LOQ 10σ) are 0.28 nM and 94 nM respectively. The peak current of DA is linearly proportional to the concentration in the range from 0.1 to 10.0 µM. Additionally, the fabricated electrode showed sufficient reproducibility, stability, and selectivity for DA detection in the presence of different interferents. The proposed poly(BTCA)/GCE sensor was effectively applied to detect DA in the biological samples.
Explainable drug repurposing via path based knowledge graph completion
Authors: Jiménez Ana , Merino María José , Parras Juan , Zazo Santiago 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDrug repurposing aims to find new therapeutic applications for existing drugs in the pharmaceutical market, leading to significant savings in time and cost. The use of artificial intelligence and knowledge graphs to propose repurposing candidates facilitates the process, as large amounts of data can be processed. However, it is important to pay attention to the explainability needed to validate the predictions. We propose a general architecture to understand several explainable methods for graph completion based on knowledge graphs and design our own architecture for drug repurposing. We present XG4Repo (eXplainable Graphs for Repurposing), a framework that takes advantage of the connectivity of any biomedical knowledge graph to link compounds to the diseases they can treat. Our method allows methapaths of different types and lengths, which are automatically generated and optimised based on data. XG4Repo focuses on providing meaningful explanations to the predictions, which are based on paths from compounds to diseases. These paths include nodes such as genes, pathways, side effects, or anatomies, so they provide information about the targets and other characteristics of the biomedical mechanism that link compounds and diseases. Paths make predictions interpretable for experts who can validate them and use them in further research on drug repurposing. We also describe three use cases where we analyse new uses for Epirubicin, Paclitaxel, and Predinisone and present the paths that support the predictions.
Amplification of temperature extremes in Arabian Peninsula under warmer worlds
Authors: Vinodhkumar Buri , Ullah Safi , Kumar T. V. Lakshmi , Al-Ghamdi Sami G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Paris Agreement and the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) highlighted the potential risks of climate change across different global warming levels (GWLs). The increasing occurrence of extreme high-temperature events is linked to a warmer climate that is particularly prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula (AP). This study investigates future changes in temperatures and related extremes over AP, under four GWLs, such as 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C, 3.0 °C, and 4.0 °C, with three different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs: SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5). The study uses high-resolution datasets of 27 models from the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (NEX-GDDP-CMIP6). The results showed that the NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 individual models and their multi-model means reasonably captured the extreme temperature events. The summer maximum and winter minimum temperatures are projected to increase by 0.11–0.67 °C and 0.09–0.70 °C per decade under the selected SSPs. Likewise, the projected temperature extremes exhibit significant warming with varying degrees across the GWLs under the selected SSPs. The warm temperature extremes are projected to increase, while the cold extremes are projected to decrease under all GWLs and the selected SSPs. Overall, the findings provide a comprehensive assessment of temperature changes over AP in response to global warming, which can be helpful in the development of climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma with occult primary: a multicenter prospective cohort
Authors: Jacquin Nicolas , Flippot Ronan , Masliah-Planchon Julien , Grisay Guillaume , Brillet Riwan , Dupain Célia , Kamal Maud , Guillou Isabelle , Gruel Nadège , Servant Nicolas , Gestraud Pierre , Wong Jennifer , Cockenpot Vincent , Goncalves Andreia , Selves Janick , Blons Hélène , Rouleau Etienne , Delattre Olivier , Gervais Claire , Le Tourneau Christophe , Bièche Ivan , Allory Yves , Albigès Laurence , Watson Sarah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetastatic carcinoma of presumed renal origin (rCUP) has recently emerged as a new entity within the heterogeneous entity of Cancers of Unknown Primary (CUP) but their biological features and optimal therapeutic management remain unknown. We report the molecular characteristics and clinical outcome of a series of 25 rCUP prospectively identified within the French National Multidisciplinary Tumor Board for CUP. This cohort strongly suggests that rCUP share similarities with common RCC subtypes and benefit from renal-tailored systemic treatment. This study highlights the importance of integrating clinical and molecular data for optimal diagnosis and management of CUP.
Overcoming big bottlenecks in vascular regeneration
Authors: Fantini Dalia A. , Yang Guang , Khanna Astha , Subramanian Divya , Phillippi Julie A. , Huang Ngan F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBioengineering and regenerative medicine strategies are promising for the treatment of vascular diseases. However, current limitations inhibit the ability of these approaches to be translated to clinical practice. Here we summarize some of the big bottlenecks that inhibit vascular regeneration in the disease applications of aortic aneurysms, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. We also describe the bottlenecks preventing three-dimensional bioprinting of vascular networks for tissue engineering applications. Finally, we describe emerging technologies and opportunities to overcome these challenges to advance vascular regeneration.
Somatic CpG hypermutation is associated with mismatch repair deficiency in cancer
Authors: Flynn Aidan , Waszak Sebastian M , Weischenfeldt Joachim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSomatic hypermutation in cancer has gained momentum with the increased use of tumour mutation burden as a biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors. Spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine to thymine at CpG dinucleotides is one of the most ubiquitous endogenous mutational processes in normal and cancer cells. Here, we performed a systematic investigation of somatic CpG hypermutation at a pan-cancer level. We studied 30,191 cancer patients and 103 cancer types and developed an algorithm to identify somatic CpG hypermutation. Across cancer types, we observed the highest prevalence in paediatric leukaemia (3.5%), paediatric high-grade glioma (1.7%), and colorectal cancer (1%). We discovered germline variants and somatic mutations in the mismatch repair complex MutSα (MSH2-MSH6) as genetic drivers of somatic CpG hypermutation in cancer, which frequently converged on CpG sites and TP53 driver mutations. We further observe an association between somatic CpG hypermutation and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Overall, our study identified novel cancer types that display somatic CpG hypermutation, strong association with MutSα-deficiency, and potential utility in cancer immunotherapy.
Validation of a Bluetooth Self-Fitting Device for People With Mild-to-Moderate Hearing Loss in Quiet or Noisy Environments
Authors: Chang Hung-Yue , Lo Tun-Shin 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of a Bluetooth self-fitting device using an in situ hearing screening test and self-fitting processes.

Method:
Thirty Mandarin-speaking individuals (16 men and 14 women) with mild-to-moderate hearing loss participated in this study. The hearing screening test was conducted using neckband earphones of a Bluetooth self-fitting device controlled by a smartphone app. The hearing screening tests were compared with the pure-tone audiometry in an audiometric booth. The amplification benefits of the self-fitting program-aided condition were evaluated and compared with those of unaided and preset program-aided conditions using the Mandarin Hearing in Noise Test (MHINT) and questionnaires.

Results:

The pure-tone audiometry and hearing screening test results exhibited strong positive correlations at all test frequencies. In the environment with 90° noise, the sentence reception thresholds (SRTs) obtained for the self-fitting program-aided condition were significantly lower (
p
= .032) than those obtained for the unaided condition, whereas no significant difference was observed between the preset program-aided and the unaided conditions. Moreover, the participants' satisfaction ratings for the devices were consistent with their MHINT results, with a strong positive correlation observed between satisfaction with self-fitting and user satisfaction in smartphone app's control, functionality, and learning. Younger participants were significantly more satisfied in learning to use the app.

Conclusions:
Bluetooth self-fitting devices can be used for simplified in situ hearing screenings with a sensitivity of 90.4%. The satisfaction ratings and improvements in SRTs indicate significant clinical benefits of the self-fitting program compared with the preset program, particularly in the 90°-noise environments.
Evaluating the Clinical Reliability and Reference Values of the International Outcome Inventory for Cochlear Implants in the Department of Defense Population
Authors: Davidson Alyssa , Boudin-George Amy , Pillion Elicia , Larionova Nicole 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Hearing loss significantly affects an individual's well-being, communication, social interaction, and quality of life. Cochlear implants serve as a viable management option. Given the variability in the impact of impairment, self-report measures are crucial for evaluating the perceived benefits of management options.
Purpose The study aims to assess the reliability of the International Outcome Inventory for Cochlear Implants (IOI-CI) and establish evaluative cutoffs. This questionnaire evaluates patient's satisfaction with cochlear implants and contributes to the understanding of their experiences, addressing the increasing interest among cochlear implant clinicians.
Research Design The design relies on electronic medical databases within the Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense systems. After identification of eligibility, recruitment was based on participants responding to mailed study documents. This research adopts a descriptive approach of the analysis of questionnaire responses as well as quantitatively evaluating the reliability.
Study Sample Forty-nine service members, Veterans, and their dependents, including 32 men and 17 women, participated in the study. The participants had a mean age of 68.0 years, with cochlear implants ranging from 6 months to 2 years postinitial stimulation. The majority had a unilateral cochlear implant with a hearing aid on the contralateral ear.
Data Collection and Analysis Data collected involved mailing baseline study packets, including the IOI-CI questionnaire, to potential participants identified through medical databases. Participants indicated consent by returning the study packet. Follow-up packets were sent at a later time. Intraclass correlation coefficients were utilized for test–retest reliability and generalized linear models (GLM) for exploring the impact of clinical and demographic factors. Data were analyzed using R.
Results The ICC revealed a good level of agreement (ICC = 0.84) between baseline and follow-up assessments for the IOI-CI total score. The GLM did not identify significant factors influencing IOI-CI scores. Evaluative values were established, indicating total scores between 18 and 35 as within the range of general satisfaction with a cochlear implant for this questionnaire.
Conclusion The study contributes valuable insights into the reliability of the IOI-CI and establishes evaluative cutoffs, aiding clinicians in assessing cochlear implant users' experiences and satisfaction.
Bioethical and Human Right Considerations during COVID-19 Pandemic Period: Reflections of Integrated Oncology Clinical Services from India
Authors: Madathil Lal P. , Palatty Princy Louis , Sacheendran Dhanya , Jayachander Mamatha , George Thomas , Gur Arpita , Krishna Abhishek , D'souza Russell Franco , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEver since the outbreak of COVID-19, the global health care systems are overwhelmed to cope up with the rapidly evolving disease paradigm through implementation of action plans at societal and medical domains. As per the directives from the World Health Organization and learned professional organizations, the international governments and states have formulated different protocols to prevent disease spread, for diagnosis and treatment of the disease and associated comorbidities, and to educate citizens during this crisis phase. Health care services across the world followed a “prioritizing strategy” for hospital population wherein the non-COVID cases were given less focus. Many hospitals opted for a conscious staff-sparing strategy to minimize exposure and protection of clinically valuable staff. Oncology services across the world reported a decline in the provision of clinical services to patients. There were medical concerns such as missed diagnosis, delayed diagnosis, delayed treatment, stoppage of screening programs, and differed follow-ups during the last 2 years of pandemic. The multidisciplinary oncology teams aim to ensure that cancer patients in the continuum of integrated cancer care pathway get globally accepted standards of optimum care. However, Beauchamp's ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and distributive justice were arguably compromised during the pandemic period. The articles of UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR) declaration were possibly violated in cancer patients as a vulnerable population. This article analyses the bioethical and human right concerns with respect to medical and societal domains in oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
Long-COVID olfactory dysfunction: allele E4 of apolipoprotein E as a possible protective factor
Authors: Oliveira Danilo Nunes , Tavares-Júnior José Wagner Leonel , Feitosa Werbety Lucas Queiroz , Cunha Letícia Chaves Vieira , Gomes Carmem Meyve Pereira , Moreira-Nunes Caroline Aquino , Silva Jean Breno Silveira da , Sousa Artur Victor Menezes , Gaspar Safira de Brito , Sobreira Emmanuelle Silva Tavares , Oliveira Laís Lacerda Brasil de , Montenegro Raquel Carvalho , Moraes Maria Elisabete Amaral de , Sobreira-Neto Manoel Alves , Braga-Neto Pedro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Olfactory dysfunction (OD) represents a frequent manifestation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a protein that interacts with the angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor, essential for viral entry into the cell. Previous publications have suggested a possible role of APOE in COVID-19 severity. As far as we know, no publications found significant associations between this disease's severity, OD, and APOE polymorphisms (E2, E3, and E4).
Objective To analyze the epidemiology of OD and its relationship with APOE polymorphisms in a cohort of Long-COVID patients.
Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study with patients followed in a post-COVID neurological outpatient clinic, with OD being defined as a subjective reduction of olfactory function after infection, and persistent OD being defined when the complaint lasted more than 3 months after the COVID-19 infection resolution. This cross-sectional study is part of a large research with previously reported data focusing on the cognitive performance of our sample.
Results The final sample comprised 221 patients, among whom 186 collected blood samples for APOE genotyping. The persistent OD group was younger and had a lower hospitalization rate during the acute phase of the disease (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the APOE variant E4 allele frequency was lower in this group (p = 0.035). This study evaluated OD in an outpatient population with COVID-19. In the current literature on this disease, anosmia is associated with better clinical outcomes and the E4 allele is associated with worse outcomes.
Conclusion Our study provides new information to these correlations, suggesting APOE E4 as a protective factor for OD.
Successful Rectification of Cervical Nerve Root Irritation with Sequential Surgical Maneuvers during Posterior Cervical Instrumentation
Authors: Vaithialingam Balaji , Govindasamy Ramachandran , Gopal Swaroop , Rudrappa Satish 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPosterior cervical instrumentation is used to treat a variety of cervical pathologies, including cervical spondylotic myelopathy, severe canal stenosis, and degenerative diseases. A 55-year-old man with severe cervical canal stenosis underwent a C3–C6 laminectomy and lateral mass screw fixation under general anesthesia. After lateral mass screw fixation and rod placement on the right side, raw electromyography (EMG) revealed irritative discharges in the right biceps brachii muscle. Following a suspicion of irritation/mechanical stretching of the C5–C6 nerve root, a posterior foraminotomy was performed on the right side as a rescue measure. The amplitude of raw EMG irritative discharges in the right biceps brachii muscle decreased significantly after posterior foraminotomy. Following rod reapplication with decreased rod lordosis, the irritative EMG discharges were eliminated. Before implementing further measures, posterior foraminotomy can be a crucial initial intervention for minimizing nerve root irritation due to mechanical factors after cervical lateral mass screw fixation.
Analysis of impact properties of cemented carbide by electromagnetic coupled cryogenic treatment
Authors: Tang Liang , Chen Zhi , Yan Xianguo 
Published: July 2024

Cemented carbide is often used as the pick-tip material for conical picks. The pick-tip often experiences premature failure due to insufficient toughness. This paper aims to improve the impact toughness of cemented carbide through electromagnetic coupled cryogenic treatment. A theoretical model between process parameters and impact toughness is established. The optimal parameters are determined as follows: a cryogenic temperature of −190 °C, cryogenic time of 24 h, magnetization intensity of 1.5 T, and magnetization time of 15 s. The treatment improves the impact toughness by 11.39% compared with the heat treatment. Microstructure analysis indicates a notable increase in dislocations and grain refinement within the Co phase, attributing to the enhanced toughness.
Persistence of social structuring in an arid zone mammal following reintroduction
Authors: Cooke Alexander James , Lohr Cheryl , Kennington W. Jason , Ottewell Kym 
Published: July 2024

Animal social relationships affect animal survival, reproduction, and resource exploitation, and are important to translocation success, but little is known on how they are impacted in reintroduced populations. Here, we investigate the social genetic structure in a reintroduced population of boodies (Bettongia lesueur), one of few social burrowing marsupial species in Australia. Pairwise relatedness of male and female individuals located within seven warrens was determined using 12 microsatellite markers, while mitochondrial DNA was used to identify maternal ancestral lineage. Females were significantly more related within warrens than between warrens, while the difference among males was not significant. We also found evidence of fine-scale genetic structure up to distances of 2 km in females consistent with patterns found in natural populations. Although mean relatedness values were low, our results support the hypothesis that boodies exhibit a female social structure. Multiple maternal lineages were present within all warrens with one exception, suggesting boodies appear to be non-selective when living with individuals from different ancestral backgrounds. We found a significant positive relationship between female sex bias and the number of active entrances in each warren. Together, these results suggest that social structuring should be a key consideration in future reintroductions of boodies.
The mechanisms of melatonin action in shielding photosynthesis during heat stress
Authors: Khan Sheen , Saify Sadaf , Sofo Adriano , Khan Nafees A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The escalating global climate shifts lead to several negative impacts, including a continuous increase in average temperatures, imposing significant consequences on plant physiology, biochemical dynamics, and molecular processes. Central to these ramifications is the process of photosynthesis, pivotal for carbohydrate synthesis and essential for sustaining growth amidst normal or stressful environmental conditions. Exposure to heat stress (HS) negatively affects the photosynthetic potential, primarily due to the increased synthesis of reactive oxygen species, disrupting the optimal functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus. Melatonin (MLT) has emerged as a multifaceted signaling molecule exhibiting promising capabilities in mitigating the adverse effects of abiotic stress including HS on plants. While a substantial body of literature addresses the enhancement of plant resilience to various environmental stresses using MLT, the present review specifically focuses on the impact of MLT on photosynthesis during HS. It emphasizes MLT’s role in regulating chlorophyll synthesis and degradation, regulating stomatal movement, safeguarding photosynthetic proteins, and sustaining the photosynthetic process under HS. This could be achieved by various mechanisms including enhancing the transcription of photosystem genes, activating antioxidant defenses, promoting the xanthophyll cycle, and modulating enzymes involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Consequently, this review aims to enhance our understanding of how MLT mediates the protection of the photosynthesis process under HS, offering insights for the development of heat-tolerant crops.