bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrabroadband Near‐Infrared Zn3Ga2GeO8:Cr3+, Ni2+ Phosphor for PiG pc‐LED
Authors: Zheng Liwen , Wu Huajun , Zhao Kunpeng , Liu Yuqi , Wen Sibo , Pan Guo‐Hui , Wu Hao , Hao Zhendong , Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Jiahua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCr3+‐activated broadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors are studied extensively for application in phosphor converted light‐emitting diode (pc‐LED), a new light source for substance testing based on NIR spectroscopy. However, the emission of Cr3+ is mainly located in the NIR I region (700–1000 nm) and many substances show the characteristic spectroscopy in the NIR II region (1000–1700 nm). In this paper, dual‐wavelength emission of NIR I and NIR II is realized in Cr3+ and Ni2+ codoped Zn3Ga2GeO8 (ZGGO) via energy transfer from NIR I emitting Cr3+ to NIR II emitting Ni2+. The photoluminescent properties of the doped ZGGO are studied as a function of doping concentration and the optimal concentrations of Cr3+ and Ni2+ are determined to be 0.04 and 0.003, respectively, with internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 37.5%. The ZGGO:Cr3+, Ni2+ phosphor‐in‐glass (PiG), is prepared for fabricating PiG‐converted ultrabroadband NIR LEDs to avoid serious reabsorption of the NIR II emission as in the pc‐LED packaged using phosphor dispersed epoxy resin or silicone. The PiG pc‐LED offers photoelectric efficiency of 4.3%@20 mA and NIR output power of 17 mW@200 mA and shows stable spectral distribution against drive current compared to pc‐LED.
Nano‐Enhanced Graphite/Phase Change Material/Graphene Composite for Sustainable and Efficient Passive Thermal Management
Authors: Wang Ji‐Xiang , Mao Yufeng , Miljkovic Nenad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPassive battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) are critical for mitigation of battery thermal runaway (TR). Phase change materials (PCMs) have shown promise for mitigating transient thermal challenges. Fluid leakage and low effective thermal conductivity limit PCM adoption. Furthermore, the thermal capacitance of PCMs diminishes as their latent load is exhausted, creating an unsustainable cooling effect that is transitory. Here, an expanded graphite/PCM/graphene composite that solves these challenges is proposed. The expanded graphite/PCM phase change composite eliminates leakage and increases effective thermal conductivity while the graphene coating enables radiative cooling for PCM regeneration. The composite demonstrates excellent thermal performance in a real BTMS and shows a 26% decrease in temperature when compared to conventional BTMS materials. The composite exhibits thermal control performance comparable with active cooling, resulting in reduced cost and increased simplicity. In addition to BTMSs, this material is anticipated to have application in a plethora of engineered systems requiring stringent thermal management.
Surface Structure Reformulation from CuO to Cu/Cu(OH)2 for Highly Efficient Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Li Jin , Jiang Qiuling , Xing Xiujing , Sun Cuilian , Wang Ying , Wu Zhijian , Xiong Wei , Li Hao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectrochemical conversion of nitrate (NO3−) to ammonia (NH3) is a potential way to produce green NH3 and remediate the nitrogen cycle. In this paper, an efficient catalyst of spherical CuO made by stacking small particles with oxygen‐rich vacancies is reported. The NH3 yield and Faraday efficiency are 15.53 mg h−1 mgcat−1 and 90.69%, respectively, in a neutral electrolyte at a voltage of ‐0.80 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). The high activity of the electrodes results from changes in the phase and structure during electrochemical reduction. Structurally, there is a shift from a spherical structure with dense accumulation of small particles to a layered network structure with uniform distribution of small particles stacked on top of each other, thus exposing more active sites. Furthermore, in terms of phase, the electrode transitions from CuO to Cu/Cu(OH)2. Density functional theory calculations showed that Cu(OH)2 formation enhances NO3‐ adsorption. Meanwhile, the Cu(OH)2 can inhibit the competing hydrogen evolution reaction, while the formation of Cu (111) crystal surfaces facilitates the hydrogenation reaction. The synergistic effect between the two promotes the NO3‐ to NH3. Therefore, this study provides a new idea and direction for Cu‐based oxides in electrocatalytic NH3 production.
Sensing of Liver‐Derived Nicotinamide by Intestinal Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Links Liver Cirrhosis and Ulcerative Colitis Susceptibility
Authors: Shen Jing , Li Zhen , Liu Xiaoyu , Zheng Mengqi , Zhang Peng , Chen Yatai , Tian Qiuheng , Tian Wenyu , Kou Guanjun , Cui Yanyan , Xu Bowen , Zhai Yunjiao , Li Weijia , Guo Xiaohuan , Qiu Ju , Li Chunyang , He Ran , Li Lixiang , Ma Chunhong , Li Yanqing , Zuo Xiuli , Yuan Detian , Li Shiyang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe correlation between liver disease and the progression of ulcerative colitis (UC) has remained elusive. In this study, it demonstrates that liver injury is intricately linked to the heightened severity of UC in patients, and causes more profound intestinal damage during DSS‐induced colitis in mice. Metabolomics analysis of plasma from liver cirrhosis patients shows liver injury compromising nicotinamide supply for NAD+ biosynthesis in the intestine. Subsequent investigation identifies intestinal group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are responsible for liver injury‐exacerbated colitis. Reconstitution of ILC2s or the restoration of NAD+ metabolism proves effective in relieving liver injury‐aggravated experimental colitis. Mechanistically, the NAD+ salvage pathway regulates gut ILC2s in a cell‐intrinsic manner by supporting the generation of succinate, which fuels the electron transport chain to sustaining ILC2s function. This research deepens the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms in liver disease‐UC interplay, identifying a metabolic target for innovative treatments in liver injury‐complicated colitis.
Methuosis Inducer SGI‐1027 Cooperates with Everolimus to Promote Apoptosis and Pyroptosis by Triggering Lysosomal Membrane Permeability in Renal Cancer
Authors: Luo Yu , Guan Bing , Deng Xiaoqi , Bai Peide , Huang Haichao , Miao Chaohao , Sun Anran , Li Zhipeng , Yang Dianqiang , Wang Xuegang , Shao Zhiqiang , Wu Yulong , Xing Jinchun , Chen Bin , Wang Tao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe mTOR inhibitor everolimus has been approved as a sequential or second‐line therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the development of drug resistance limits its clinical applications. This study aims to address the challenge of everolimus resistance and provide new insights into the treatment of advanced RCC. Here, the cytotoxicity of the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor SGI‐1027 in inducing cell vacuolation and methuosis is discovered and demonstrated for the first time. Additionally, SGI‐1027 exerts synergistic effects with everolimus, as their combination suppresses the growth, migration, and invasion of renal cancer cells. Mechanistically, apoptosis and GSDME‐dependent pyroptosis triggered by lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP) are observed. The upregulation of GSDME expression and increased lysosomal activity in renal cancer cells provide a therapeutic window for the combination of these two drugs to treat renal cancer. The combination treatment exhibits effective anti‐tumor activity and is well tolerated in a subcutaneous tumor model. Overall, this study validates and reveals the specific cytotoxicity property of SGI‐1027 and its potent synergistic effect with everolimus, offering new insights into advanced RCC therapy and everolimus‐resistance overcoming.
The Synthesis of Functionalized Carbonized Polymer Dots via Reversible Assembly of Oligomers for Anti‐Counterfeiting, Catalysis, and Gas storage
Authors: Wang Yu , Qin Yingxi , Wang Fengya , Zhang Hongyu , Huangfu Changxin , Shi Yushu , Chen Xize , Wang Zhenming , Tian Wenming , Feng Liang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbonized polymer dots (CPDs) have shown exceptional potential across a wide range of applications. However, their practical utilization is significantly greatly impeded by the lack of precise control over their structures and functionalities. Consequently, the development of controlled synthesis strategies for CPDs with well‐defined structures and tailored functionalities remains a critical challenge in the field. Here, the controlled synthesis of functional CPDs with reversible assembly properties via airflow‐assisted melt polymerization, followed by a one‐step post‐synthetic doping strategy, is reported. This synthetic approach achieves high product yield, uniform and tunable structures, as well as customized functionalities including solid‐state emission, enhanced catalytic performance (3.5–45 times higher than conventional methods), and selective gas storage in the resulting CPDs. The ability to tailor the properties of CPDs through controlled synthesis opens up new opportunities for their practical application in photocatalysis and gas storage.
Efficient Fabrication of Disordered Graphene with Improved Ion Accessibility, Ion Conductivity, and Density for High‐Performance Compact Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Liu Gangqiang , Li Xiangming , Li Congming , Zheng Qinwen , Wang Yingche , Xiao Ronglin , Huang Fei , Tian Hongmiao , Wang Chunhui , Chen Xiaoliang , Shao Jinyou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance compact capacitive energy storage is vital for many modern application fields, including grid power buffers, electric vehicles, and portable electronics. However, achieving exceptional volumetric performance in supercapacitors is still challenging and requires effective fabrication of electrode films with high ion‐accessible surface area and fast ion diffusion capability while simultaneously maintaining high density. Herein, a facile, efficient, and scalable method is developed for the fabrication of dense, porous, and disordered graphene through spark‐induced disorderly opening of graphene stacks combined with mechanical compression. The obtained disordered graphene achieves a high density of 1.18 g cm−3, sixfold enhanced ion conductivity compared to common laminar graphene, and an ultrahigh volumetric capacitance of 297 F cm−3 in ionic liquid electrolyte. The fabricated stack cells deliver a volumetric energy density of 94.2 Wh L−1 and a power density of 13.7 kW L−1, representing a critical breakthrough in capacitive energy storage. Moreover, the proposed disordered graphene electrodes are assembled into ionogel‐based all‐solid‐state pouch cells with high mechanical stability and multiple optional outputs, demonstrating great potential for flexible energy storage in practical applications.
Regulating Astrocytes via Short Fibers for Spinal Cord Repair
Authors: Li Qianyi , Gao Shuaiyun , Qi Yang , Shi Nuo , Wang Zhenzhen , Saiding Qimanguli , Chen Liang , Du Yawei , Wang Bo , Yao Wenfei , Sarmento Bruno , Yu Jie , Lu Yiming , Wang Juan , Cui Wenguo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReactive astrogliosis is the main cause of secondary injury to the central nerves. Biomaterials can effectively suppress astrocyte activation, but the mechanism remains unclear. Herein, Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) are identified through whole transcriptome sequencing in a mouse model of spinal cord injury, revealing the VIM gene as a pivotal regulator in the reactive astrocytes. Moreover, DEGs are predominantly concentrated in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Based on these, 3D injectable electrospun short fibers are constructed to inhibit reactive astrogliosis. Histological staining and functional analysis indicated that fibers with unique 3D network spatial structures can effectively constrain the reactive astrocytes. RNA sequencing and single‐cell sequencing results reveal that short fibers downregulate the expression of the VIM gene in astrocytes by modulating the “ECM receptor interaction” pathway, inhibiting the transcription of downstream Vimentin protein, and thereby effectively suppressing reactive astrogliosis. Additionally, fibers block the binding of Vimentin protein with inflammation‐related proteins, downregulate the NF‐κB signaling pathway, inhibit neuron apoptosis, and consequently promote the recovery of spinal cord neural function. Through mechanism elucidation‐material design‐feedback regulation, this study provides a detailed analysis of the mechanism chain by which short fibers constrain the abnormal spatial expansion of astrocytes and promote spinal cord neural function.
A method to assess bullying and harassment as an upstream determinant of construction worker mental health
Authors: Roelofs Cora , Rodman Chris , Trueblood Amber , Cain Chris T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundBullying and harassment in the workplace are increasingly recognized as hazardous exposures associated with poor mental health and suicidality. The construction sector has one of the highest rates of suicide among all occupations and is actively engaged in efforts to destigmatize mental health support. However, there has been less focus on reducing factors that may be contributing to poor well‐being among construction workers.MethodsAs a step toward addressing work‐related determinants of mental health in construction, we collaborated with a large construction union to survey members about their experiences of abusive conduct. We adapted standardized questionnaires to better suit the sector, such as by assessing “hazing that went too far” and apprenticeship status. Additionally, we included questions on reporting of abuse, concern about the impacts of abuse, and an open‐response to allow participants to share their perspectives.ResultsWe developed and tested a carefully‐tailored survey of abusive conduct. The responses to the survey (over 3300, including 500 narrative responses) will facilitate data‐driven interventions with the potential to prevent and address abuse. This paper describes the survey development process in collaboration with the union, domains of abuse that are relevant to the construction context, and the survey protocol.ConclusionThrough a collaborative effort, we developed an instrument to understand abusive conduct in construction and benchmark success in reducing adverse experiences of bullying and harassment. We recommend its use throughout the sector to reduce exposure to this well‐being hazard.
Novel Lewis Acid‐Base Interactions in Polymer‐Derived Sodium‐Doped Amorphous Si−B−N Ceramic: Towards Main‐Group‐Mediated Hydrogen Activation
Authors: Tada Shotaro , Terashima Motoharu , Shimizu Daisuke , Asakuma Norifumi , Honda Sawao , Kumar Ravi , Bernard Samuel , Iwamoto Yuji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInterest is growing in transition metal‐free compounds for small molecule activation and catalysis. We discuss the opportunities arising from synthesizing sodium‐doped amorphous silicon‐boron‐nitride (Na‐doped a‐SiBN). Na+ cations and 3‐fold coordinated BIII moieties were incorporated into an amorphous silicon nitride network via chemical modification of a polysilazane followed by pyrolysis in ammonia (NH3) at 1000 °C. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms of hydrogen (H2) activation within Na‐doped a‐SiBN structure. This material design approach allows the homogeneous distribution of Na+ and BIII moieties surrounded by SiN4 units contributing to the transformation of the BIII moieties into 4‐fold coordinated geometry upon encountering H2, potentially serving as frustrated Lewis acid (FLA) sites. Exposure to H2 induced formation of frustrated Lewis base (FLB) N−= sites with Na+ as a charge‐compensating cation, resulting in the in situ formation of a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) motif (≡BFLA⋅⋅⋅Hδ−⋅⋅⋅Hδ+⋅⋅⋅:N−(Na+)=). Reversible H2 adsorption‐desorption behavior with high activation energy for H2 desorption (124 kJ mol−1) suggested the H2 chemisorption on Na‐doped a‐SiBN. These findings highlight a future landscape full of possibilities within our reach, where we anticipate main‐group‐mediated small molecule activation will have an important impact on the design of more efficient catalytic processes and the discovery of new catalytic transformations.
Dual‐Site Bridging Mechanism for Bimetallic Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Cao Hongshuai , Wen Xue , Luo Xianzhu , Ma Linlin , Xu Zhiai , Zhang Zhonghai , Zhang Wen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHeterogeneous dual‐site electrocatalysts are emerging cutting‐edge materials for efficient electrochemical water splitting. However, the corresponding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanism on these materials is still unclear. Herein, based on a series of in situ spectroscopy experiments and density function theory (DFT) calculations, a new heterogeneous dual‐site O−O bridging mechanism (DSBM) is proposed. This mechanism is to elucidate the sequential appearance of dual active sites through in situ construction (hybrid ions undergo reconstruction initially), determine the crucial role of hybrid dual sites in this mechanism (with Ni sites preferentially adsorbing hydroxyls for catalysis followed by proton removal at Fe sites), assess the impact of O−O bond formation on the activation state of water (inducing orderliness of activated water), and investigate the universality (with Co doping in Ni(P4O11)). Under the guidance of this mechanism, with Fe−Ni(P4O11) as pre‐catalyst, the in situ formed Fe−Ni(OH)2 electrocatalyst has reached a record‐low overpotential of 156.4 mV at current density of 18.0 mA cm−2. Successfully constructed Fe−Ni(P4O11)/Ti uplifting the overall efficacy of the phosphate from moderate to superior, positioning it as an innovative and highly proficient electrocatalyst for OER.
Regulierung von Nukleinsäurekatalyse mit aktiven Koazervaten
Authors: Holtmannspötter Anna‐Lena , Machatzke Corbin , Begemann Christian , Salibi Elia , Donau Carsten , Späth Fabian , Boekhoven Job , Mutschler Hannes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractZellen benutzen transiente, membranlose Organellen um biologische Reaktionsnetzwerke zu regulieren. Stressgranula zum Beispiel sind in der Lage, selektiv mRNA einzulagern, um die Proteinexpression im Fall von Hitze oder oxidativem Stress zu regulieren. Modelle welches diese aktive Verhalten nachstellen sind nützlich um die in vivo Regulierung durch Kompartimentierung besser zu verstehen. Hier benutzen wir aktive komplexe Koazervat‐Tröpfchen als Modell für membranlose Organellen, welche die Aktivität einer katalytischen DNA (DNAzym) räumlich und zeitlich kontrollieren können. Beim Eintritt in die Peptid‐RNA‐Tröpfchen entfaltet sich das DNAzym und verliert seine Fähigkeit, einen Nukleinsäurestrang zu spalten. Wir können die DNAzym Aktivität vorübergehend pausieren, indem wir die Tröpfchenbildung mit einem Treibstoff induzieren. Nach dem Verbrauch des Treibstoffs beginnt die Aktivität des DNAzym wieder von selbst. Wir können uns vorstellen, dass dieses System zur Hoch‐ und Herunterregulierung mehrere Reaktionen in einem Netzwerk benutzt werden könnte, was zu einem besseren Verständnis der Komplexität von zellulären Reaktionswegen führen würde. Mit einem Netzwerk, in welchem das DNAzym reziprok die Eigenschaften des Tröpfchens regulieren kann, hätten wir ein vielversprechendes Instrument für die Konstruktion von synthetischen Zellen.
Spinel‐Type Structured Phosphor Near‐Infrared‐II Emission: Intervalence Charge Transfer and Hetero‐Valent Chromium Pairs
Authors: Huang Ming‐Hsuan , Chen Kuan‐Chun , Majewska Natalia , Kamiński Mikołaj , Leniec Grzegorz , Mijowska Ewa , Kong Pang Wei , Peterson Vanessa K. , Cherng Ding‐Hua , Lu Kuang‐Mao , Mahlik Sebastian , Liu Ru‐Shi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) emitting phosphors draw much attention because they show great applicability and development prospects in many fields. Herein, a series of inverse spinel‐type structured LiGa5O8 phosphors with a high concentration of Cr3+ activators is reported with a dual emission band covering NIR‐I and II regions. Except for strong ionic exchange interactions such as Cr3+−Cr3+ and Cr3+ clusters, an intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) process between aggregated Cr ion pairs is proposed as the mechanism for the ~1210 nm NIR‐II emission. Comprehensive structural and luminescence characterization points to IVCT between two Cr3+ being induced by structural distortion and further enhanced by irradiation. Construction of the configurational energy level diagram enabled elucidation of this transition within the IVCT process. Therefore, this work provides insight into the emission mechanism within the high Cr3+ concentration system, revealing a new design strategy for NIR‐II emitting phosphors to promote its response.
Insight into C4 Selectivity in the Light‐Driven C−H Fluoroalkylation of Pyridines and Quinolines
Authors: Kim Leejae , Lee Wooseok , Hong Sungwoo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGiven the prevalence of pyridine motifs in FDA‐approved drugs, selective fluoroalkylation of pyridines and quinolines is essential for preparing diverse bioisosteres. However, challenges are often faced with conventional Minisci reactions in achieving precise regioselectivity owing to competing reaction sites of pyridine and the limited availability of fluoroalkyl radical sources. Herein, we present a light‐driven, C4‐selective fluoroalkylation of azines utilizing N‐aminopyridinium salts and readily available sulfinates. Our approach employs electron donor‐acceptor complexes, achieving highly C4‐selective fluoroalkylation under mild conditions without an external photocatalyst. This practical method not only enables the installation of CF2H groups but also allows for the incorporation of CF2‐alkyl groups with diverse functional entities, surpassing the limitations of previous methods. The versatility of the radical pathway is further demonstrated through straightforward three‐component reactions involving alkenes and [1.1.1]propellane. Detailed experimental and computational studies have elucidated the origins of regioselectivity, providing profound insights into the mechanistic aspects.
SEPS functionalized PEG copolymer for improved toughness without obvious plasticization in epoxy resin
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Zhao Zhongfu , Wahid Umar , Zhu Xiuling , Zhang Chunqing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe effects of grafting level of polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafted styrene ethylene propylene styrene (SEPS) on the intrinsic brittleness of epoxy thermosets were studied. The SEPS‐g‐PEG block copolymer (BCP) was synthesized by grafting various grafting degree of PEG (i.e., 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) on polystyrene (PS) blocks of SEPS following Williamson ether synthesis method. A total of 10 wt% of the BCP modifiers were dispersed in epoxy thermosets. PEG side chains were miscible in the epoxy which formed a uniform BCP dispersion within the epoxy thermoset matrix. As the degree of PEG grafting was increased, the BCP phase was absorbed in the epoxy matrix. This absorption occurred because the increase in PEG grafting provided more miscible PEG chains to bind the BCP and epoxy nanostructures together. The differential scanning calorimeter and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis analyses indicated that BCP toughened epoxy exhibited an improved glass transition temperature (Tg). At a 40% PEG grafting degree in the BCP, the critical stress intensity factor (KIC) and critical strain energy release rate (GIC) increased up to 80% and 180%, respectively. This trend suggested that the energy associated with fractures could be absorbed through the deformation of the softer phases when a load was applied to them.