bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stearoyl CoA desaturase inhibition can effectively induce apoptosis in bladder cancer stem cells
Authors: Li Yuchen , Piao Chiyuan , Kong Chuize 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Bladder cancer stands as one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. While our previous research confirmed the significant role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in bladder cancer, the underlying reasons for its abnormal overexpression remain largely unknown. Moreover, the distinct response to SCD inhibitors between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and adherent cultured cell lines lacks clear elucidation. Therefore, in this experiment, we aim to conduct an analysis and screening of the SCD transcription start site, further seeking critical transcription factors involved. Simultaneously, through experimental validation, we aim to explore the pivotal role of endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response in drug sensitivity among cancer stem cells. Additionally, our RNA-seq and lipid metabolism analysis revealed the significant impact of nervonic acid on altering the proliferative capacity of bladder cancer cell lines.
Non Parametric Differential Network Analysis: A Tool for Unveiling Specific Molecular Signatures.
Authors: Guzzi Pietro Hiram , Arkaprava Roy , Milano Marianna , Veltri Pierangelo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background The rewiring of molecular interactions in various conditions leads to distinct phenotypic outcomes. Differential Network Analysis (DNA) is dedicated to exploring these rewirings within gene and protein networks. Leveraging statistical learning and graph theory, DNA algorithms scrutinize alterations in interaction patterns derived from experimental data.
Results Introducing a novel approach to differential network analysis, we incorporate differential gene expression based on sex and gender attributes. We hypothesize that gene expression can be accurately represented through non-Gaussian processes. Our methodology involves quantifying changes in non-parametric correlations among gene pairs and expression levels of individual genes.
Conclusions Applying our method to public expression datasets concerning diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis in liver tissue, we identify genderspecific differential networks. Results underscore the biological relevance of our approach in uncovering meaningful molecular distinctions.
Design and Validation of the Observational Static Posture Assessment Tool (OSPAT): A Psychometric Study
Authors: Abbasi Hamed , Seyedi Mohammadreza , Mozafaripour Esmaeil , Bayati Mahdi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Postural assessment is important for several reasons, poor posture can lead to a range of musculoskeletal issues. Posture plays a crucial role in biomechanics and movement efficiency and also impacts an individual's appearance, confidence, and overall well-being. Existing visual assessment tools have not kept pace with the latest scientific Approaches and paradigm shifts in our understanding of the holistic assessment. This study aims to address this gap by designing and validating a new observational tool for observational postural assessment that integrates current scientific insight and best practices in musculoskeletal health.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional design including recruiting both qualitative and quantitates methods to develop and test psychometric properties of the Observational Static Posture Assessment Tool (OSPAT). To establish the validity of the OSPAT, we employed Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) through a collaborative process involving consultation with 12 experts. To test the reliability, 28 raters utilized the OSPAT on a sample of 80 individuals. Each practitioner rated the presence of postural deviations including Upper Crossed Syndrome, Sway Back Posture, Lower Crossed Syndrome, Genu Recurvatum, Scoliosis, Genu Varum, Genu Valgum, and Foot Pronation Syndrome in each subject using a 6-point scale of severity. We employed Kappa coefficients (κ) to assess both intra-rater and inter-rater reliability.
Results
The analysis for OSPAT validity showed overall CVR and CVI, (0.70 and CVI > 79) index, respectively. The results for OSPAT reliability revealed good intra-rater and inter-rater agreement, with κ values of 0.68 and 0.53, respectively.
Conclusions
The OSPAT showed promise for valid and reliable observational static postural assessment, overcoming the limitations of segmental evaluation by taking a holistic approach to postural assessment and considering the body as an interconnected system.
Oxidative damage biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes in saliva of patients with peri- implant diseases
Authors: Karasu Yerda Özkan , Maden Oğuzhan , Çanakçı Cenk Fatih 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives: 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) are commonly used as markers to evaluate oxidative DNA and Lipid damage in disorders including chronic inflammatory diseases. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) protect tissues against oxidative injury from free oxygen radicals generated by various metabolic processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate 8-OHdG and MDA levels, and SOD and GPx activities in whole saliva of patients with peri-implant diseases.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sum of 60 age gender balanced; peri-implantitis (n = 20), peri-mucositis (n = 20) and healthy (n = 20) individuals. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and to determine the clinical condition of each subject; the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), peri-implant probing pocket depth (PIPD), peri-implant presence of bleeding on probing (BOP) (with/without suppuration) and radiographic signs of crestal bone loss (BL) were measured. The salivary 8-OHdG level was measured using the ELISA method. SOD, GPx activities and MDA levels were determined spectrophotometrically.
Results: A total of 60 individuals had evaluations of 318 implants. In comparison to the peri-mucositis and peri-implantitis groups, the healthy group had significantly lower PI and GI scores (p<0.001). The PIPD value differed amongst the groups, with the peri-implantitis group having the highest value (p<0.001). Compared to the peri-mucositis and control groups, the peri-implantitis group had a significantly higher BL score (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The peri-implantitis group showed a significantly higher 8-OHdG level (p<0.001; p<0.001 respectively) than the peri-mucositis and control groups. Compared to the peri-mucositis and control groups, the peri-implantitis group had a significantly higher MDA level (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The peri-implantitis group had a significantly higher SOD level (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) in comparison to the peri-mucositis and control groups.
There was no significant difference in GPx levels between the peri-mucositis and control groups (p>0.05), while the peri-implantitis group had significantly lower GPx levels than the peri-mucositis and control groups (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively).
Conclusions: Elevated levels of oxidative stress in saliva may indicate the onset of pathological bone loss surrounding the implant and may be an indication of peri-implantitis.
Clinical Relevance: In peri-implant diseases, changes may occur in the levels of 8-OHdG, MDA, SOD and GPx in saliva, which may lead to a deterioration in the oxidant/antioxidant balance.
Self-oscillations of submerged liquid crystal elastomer beams driven by light and self-shadowing
Authors: Norouzikudiani Reza , Teresi Luciano , DeSimone Antonio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) are responsive materials that undergo significant, reversible deformations when exposed to external stimulisuch as light, heat, and humidity. Light actuation, in particular, offers versatile control over LCE properties, enabling complex deformations. A notable phenomenon in LCEs is self-oscillation under constant illumination. Understanding the physics underlying this dynamic response, and especially the role of interactions with a surrounding fluid medium, is still crucial for optimizing the performance of LCEs. In this study, we have developed a multi-physics fluid-structure interaction model to explore the self-oscillation phenomenon of immersed LCE beams exposed to light. We consider a beam clamped at one end, originally vertical, and exposed to horizontal light rays of constant intensity focused near the fixed edge. Illumination causes the beam to bend towards the light due to a temperature gradient. As the free end of the beam surpasses the horizontal line through the clamp, self-shadowing induces cooling, initiating the self-oscillation phenomenon. The negative feedback resulting from self-shadowing injects energy into the system, with sustained self-oscillations in spite of the energy dissipation in the surrounding fluid. Our investigation involves parametric studies exploring the impact of beam length and light intensity on the amplitude, frequency, and mode of oscillation. Our findings indicate that the self-oscillation initiates above a certain critical light intensity, which is length-dependent. Also, shorter lengths induce oscillations in the beam with the first mode of vibration, while increasing the length changes the elasticity property of the beam and triggers the second mode. Additionally, applying higher light intensity may trigger composite complex modes, while the frequency of oscillation increases with the intensity of the light if the modeof oscillation remains constant.
Thermophysical Properties of a High Density Carbon/Carbon Composite from Ambient to Ultra-High Temperatures
Authors: Attia Marco , Zhuang Wyman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composites are currently the material of choice for use on advanced thermal protection systems for high speed flight vehicles due to their excellent thermophysical properties, high specific stiffness and strength in hypersonic flight operational environments. Understanding the ultra-high thermophysical properties of C/C is essential for design purposes, especially where limited data exists for the temperature range of interest. To address this need, the thermophysical properties of a nominated high density C/C composite material were characterized. Properties such as specific heat, thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion and thermal conductivity for the material in all three material orientations (x,y,z) were investigated between ambient temperature to 2600°C.
The thermophysical assessment of the C/C composite is provided in two parts, the first set of thermal properties were determined for the material in its untreated state (no heat treatment), and the second set demonstrates the effect of heat treatment on the thermal properties. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), diffusivity and conductivity of the composite exhibit a distinctive shift in the material properties in the temperature range of 1300-1500°C. Subsequent thermal analyses beyond that temperature range is markedly different and indicative of the thermophysical properties expected if the composite be subjected to heat treatment. Analyses of the same specimens (pre- and post-heating) were also conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to investigate the resultant variation in thermophysical properties as a result of repeated heat treatments. The findings were useful to assess the performances of the C/C composite in extremely high temperature conditions for the potential applications of hypersonic vehicle structure and components.
Real-time RGBT tracking via isometric feature encoding networking
Authors: Gao Zhao , Zhou Dongming , Yan Kaixiang , Liu Yisong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

To efficiently utilize the complementary attributes in RGBT images, we proposes an object tracking algorithm called Isomeric Feature Encoding Network (IFENet). Based on the different characteristics of RGBT images, IFENet employs the global-memory enhancement (GME) in the early stage of image feature encoding to explore detailed information (such as texture and color) in the RGB modality. It also utilizes the border-region salience enhancement (BRE) to improve the saliency difference between the object region and the background. Furthermore, an interest region sampling is introduced to reduce computational consumption and improve the operational efficiency. Validation results on the open-source datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of IFENet. Compared to current mainstream RGBT tracking algorithms, IFENet achieves better tracking accuracy and robustness. It can effectively handle challenging scenarios such as fast-moving objects, large-scale deformations, and camera motion. Moreover, IFENet achieves an average tracking speed of 62FPS, meeting real-time tracking requirements.
Natural Oligopoly with an Unlimited Number of Firms
Authors: Krishnamurthy Prasad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In vertical models of product differentiation, consumers agree on their ranking of product quality but differ in their willingness to pay for it. Vertical models can give rise to “natural oligopoly.” If consumers do not differ too much in their willingness to pay, a finite number of firms enter in equilibrium regardless of market size. I consider a simple vertical model in which willingness to pay differs enough so that the number of entering firms increases with market size. I derive analytical expressions for equilibrium prices, markups, and shares for any finite number of entering firms, and limiting expressions for market shares as the market size and the number of firms grow arbitrarily large. The market share of the largest firm converges from above to .58, the combined share of the four largest firms to .99, and the HHI to .44 (4,400). Quality competition can give rise to natural oligopoly—high concentration and persistent profits—even if the number of entering firms is unlimited.
JEL Codes: D21, D43, L11, L13, L25
Accuracy of Vibration Test, Temperature, Ankle Reflex and Pinprick Sensation Examination against Biothesiometer Test for the Identification of Peripheral Neuropathy: A Cross-sectional study
Authors: Huan Li , Ching Siew Mooi , Lee Kai Wei , Khan Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof , Devaraj Navin Kumar , Cheong Ai Theng , Veettil Sajesh , Hui Teh Xian , Jian Leong Yong , Hoo Fan Kee , Sulaiman Wan Wan Aliaa Wan , Loh Wei Chao , Patil Mansi , Ramachandran Vasudevan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Detection of peripheral neuropathy is important for early intervention to prevent the complication. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of vibration test, temperature, ankle reflex, and pinprick sensation examination compared to the biothesiometer test for the identification of peripheral neuropathy in a community setting.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18 years and above who visited retail pharmacies in Malaysia, utilizing a convenience sampling method from March 2021 to May 2022. Peripheral neuropathy was assessed using the biothesiometer test, vibration test, temperature, ankle reflex, and pinprick sensation examination. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each screening tool. SPSS version 26 was used to perform the analysis.
Results: A total of 1,283 participants were recruited. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was 22.7%. Among the screening tools, ankle reflex had the highest sensitivity (34.12%), followed by vibration (31.76%), pinprick sensation (24.41%), and temperature (6.76%). All tests demonstrated high specificity (95.02%-97.78%). Vibration testing had the highest PPV (83.72%).
Conclusion: Vibration testing had the highest PPV among the screening tools evaluated, suggesting its potential usefulness for the early detection of peripheral neuropathy in a non-clinical setting. However, further research is needed to validate these findings and assess the cost-effectiveness of implementing these screening tools in community-based settings.
Specific heat analyses on optical-phonon-derived uniaxial negative thermal expansion system TrZr2 (Tr = Fe and Co1-xNix)
Authors: Watanabe Yuto , Tayran Ceren , Kasem Md. Riad , Yamashita Aichi , Çakmak Mehmet , Katase Takayoshi , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Recently, huge uniaxial negative thermal expansion (NTE) along a c-axis has been observed in transition-metal (Tr) zirconides TrZr2 with a tetragonal CuAl2-type structure. In a recent study on FeZr2 [M. Xu et al., Nat. Commun. 14, 4439 (2023)], the importance of optical phonons to the emergence of the c-axis NTE in FeZr2 has been proposed. In this study, the physical properties of TrZr2 (Tr = Fe and Co1 − xNix) have been studied by specific heat, sound velocity measurements, and theoretical phonon calculations to discuss the importance of optical phonons to the emergence of the c-axis NTE in CoZr2 and FeZr2. From analyses of lattice specific heat, we found that Ni substitution results in a systematic decrease in oscillator strength for the Einstein modes with 8.74 meV (CoZr2). From phonon calculations, the low-energy optical phonon branches at the Γ point were observed for CoZr2 and FeZr2 with c-axis NTE, but not in NiZr2 with positive thermal expansion. The enhancement of phonon density of states near the above-mentioned optical phonon energy in CoZr2 and FeZr2 is consistent with the specific heat analyses. We propose the importance of the low-energy optical phonons to the emergence of the c-axis NTE in TrZr2.
Genetic polymorphism of merozoite surface protein 1 and merozoite surface protein 2 in the Vietnam Plasmodium falciparum population
Authors: Võ Tuấn Cường , Lê Hương Giang , Kang Jung-Mi , Trinh Nguyen Thi Minh , Quang Huynh Hong , Na Byoung-Kuk 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface proteins 1 (PfMSP1) and 2 (PfMSP2) are potential candidates for malaria vaccine development. However, the genetic diversity of these genes in the global P. falciparum population presents a significant challenge in developing an effective vaccine. Hence, understanding the genetic diversity and evolutionary trends in the global P. falciparum population is crucial.
Methods
This study analyzed the genetic variations and evolutionary changes of pfmsp1 and pfmsp2 in P. falciparum isolates from the Central Highland and South-Central regions of Vietnam. DNASTAR and MEGA7 programs were utilized for analyses. The polymorphic nature of global pfmsp1 and pfmsp2 was also investigated.
Results
A total of 337 sequences of pfmsp1 and 289 sequences of pfmsp2 were obtained. The pfmsp1 and pfmsp2 from Vietnam revealed a higher degree of genetic homogeneity compared to those from other malaria-endemic countries. Remarkably, the allele diversity patterns of Vietnam pfmsp1 and pfmsp2 differed significantly from those of neighboring countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Declines in allele diversity and polymorphic patterns of Vietnam pfmsp1 and pfmsp2 were observed.
Conclusions
The Vietnam P. falciparum population might be genetically isolated from the parasite populations in other neighboring GMS countries, likely due to geographical barriers and distinct evolutionary pressures. Furthermore, bottleneck effects or selective sweeps may have contributed to the genetic homogeneity of Vietnam pfmsp1 and pfmsp2.
Neural Architecture Search for Adaptive Neural Network Structures: Comparative Analysis of Layer and Neuron Adjustments
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Hamed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The network's architecture significantly influences neural network (NN) training efficiency, which necessitates substantial computational resources and time. This paper explores the efficacy of adaptive mechanisms that dynamically modify the neural network's structure during training, focusing on both layer and neuron adjustments through Neural Architecture Search (NAS). Eight adaptive methods are investigated and compared to enhance training efficiency and performance: four for adaptive layer adjustments—Adapt Network Structure Threshold, Adapt Network Structure Moving Average, Gradual Adaptation Based on Slope of Loss Change, and Adaptive Learning Rate Adjustment; and four for adaptive neuron adjustments—Adaptive Neuron Adjustment, Adapt Network Structure Neuron Growth, Adapt Network Structure Neuron Decay, and Adapt Network Structure Balanced. Experimental tests were conducted using a neural network with five inputs and two outputs, beginning with three inner layers, each containing ten neurons. The results demonstrate that adaptive methods significantly improve training efficiency, providing valuable insights for optimizing neural network structures. This study highlights the potential of combining adaptive strategies through NAS to achieve optimal performance, paving the way for future research and practical applications in neural network training.
Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Mental Health Disparities in Bangladeshi Women: A Mixed Method Approach
Authors: Khan Maharaj , Jaman Abdullah , Ahmed MD. Faisal , Das Namrata 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background PCOS is a common hormonal disorder affecting women's well-being. It is a chronic ailment without a cure, posing a significant threat to women's health, with many going untreated. Aims Many women in Bangladesh lack knowledge about PCOS, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment. This gap hinders understanding of coping strategies, treatment options, and lifestyle improvements related to the condition. Methods In total, 426 participants were included in this mixed method study, and data were collected from them in a mixed-method way. A standard approach was used for the assessment of knowledge level among Bangladeshi people about PCOS signs & symptoms, causes, diagnosis & treatment options, and impacts on health. The prevalence of diagnostic tests among people and the extent to which women are underdiagnosed were also determined. Results Women with positive PCOS status had a significantly negative impact on mental health conditions. The knowledge level about PCOS among participants is low (63.7%), moderate (21.6%), and high (14.7%). We have found a significant association between knowledge level and age, education, occupation, living place, screening practice, and PCOS status (p-value < 0.05). It is remarkable that 63.4% of women in Bangladesh remain undiagnosed with a symptomatic appearance. Conclusion It is evident that a significant number of women have limited knowledge about PCOS. They also failed to assess their PCOS status, even though the prevalence of PCOS is over thirty percent. Hence, it is important to arrange a health education initiative aimed at educating and encouraging women to actively engage in the diagnostic process to prevent PCOS complications.