bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mouse Idd2 Locus Is Linked to the Proportion of Immunoregulatory Double-Negative T Cells, a Trait Associated with Autoimmune Diabetes Resistance
Authors: Collin Roxanne , Dugas Véronique , Pelletier Adam-Nicolas , Chabot-Roy Geneviève , Lesage Sylvie 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Autoimmune diseases result from a break in immune tolerance. Various mechanisms of peripheral tolerance can protect against autoimmunity, including immunoregulatory CD4−CD8− double-negative (DN) T cells. Indeed, we have previously shown that diabetes-prone mouse strains exhibit a low proportion of DN T cells relative to that of diabetes-resistant mice, and that a single autologous transfer of DN T cells can impede autoimmune diabetes development, at least in the 3A9 TCR transgenic setting. In this study, we aim to understand the genetic basis for the difference in DN T cell proportion between diabetes-resistant and diabetes-prone mice. We thus perform an unbiased linkage analysis in 3A9 TCR F2 (NOD.H2k × B10.BR) mice and reveal that a locus on chromosome 9, which coincides with Idd2, is linked to the proportion of DN T cells in the lymph nodes. We generate two NOD.H2k.B10-Chr9 congenic mouse strains and validate the role of this genetic interval in defining the proportion of DN T cells. Moreover, we find that the increased proportion of DN T cells in lymphoid organs is associated with a decrease in both diabetes incidence and serum IgG Ab levels. Together, the data suggest that Idd2 is linked to DN T cell proportion and that a physiological increase in DN T cell number may be sufficient to confer resistance to autoimmune diabetes. Altogether, these findings could help identify new candidate genes for the development of therapeutic avenues aimed at modulating DN T cell number for the prevention of autoimmune diseases.
Plasmin Induces In Vivo Monocyte Recruitment through Protease-Activated Receptor-1–, MEK/ERK-, and CCR2-Mediated Signaling
Authors: Carmo Aline A. F. , Costa Bruno R. C. , Vago Juliana P. , de Oliveira Leonardo C. , Tavares Luciana P. , Nogueira Camila R. C. , Ribeiro Ana Luíza C. , Garcia Cristiana C. , Barbosa Alan S. , Brasil Bruno S. A. F. , Dusse Luci M. , Barcelos Lucíola S. , Bonjardim Cláudio A. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Sousa Lirlândia P. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The plasminogen (Plg)/plasmin (Pla) system is associated with a variety of biological activities beyond the classical dissolution of fibrin clots, including cell migration, tissue repair, and inflammation. Although the capacity of Plg/Pla to induce cell migration is well defined, the mechanism underlying this process in vivo is elusive. In this study, we show that Pla induces in vitro migration of murine fibroblasts and macrophages (RAW 264.7) dependent on the MEK/ERK pathway and by requiring its proteolytic activity and lysine binding sites. Plasmin injection into the pleural cavity of BALB/c mice induced a time-dependent influx of mononuclear cells that was associated with augmented ERK1/2 and IκB-α phosphorylation and increased levels of CCL2 and IL-6 in pleural exudates. The inhibition of protease activity by using a serine protease inhibitor leupeptin or two structurally different protease-activated receptor-1 antagonists (SCH79797 and RWJ56110) abolished Pla-induced mononuclear recruitment and ERK1/2 and IκB-α phosphorylation. Interestingly, inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway abolished Pla-induced CCL2 upregulation and mononuclear cell influx. In agreement with a requirement for the CCL2/CCR2 axis to Pla-induced cell migration, the use of a CCR2 antagonist (RS504393) prevented the Plg/Pla-induced recruitment of mononuclear cells to the pleural cavity and migration of macrophages at transwell plates. Therefore, Pla-induced mononuclear cell recruitment in vivo was dependent on protease-activated receptor-1 activation of the MEK/ERK/NF-κB pathway, which led to the release of CCL2 and activation of CCR2.
Ultrasonographic Findings in a Large Series of Patients with Knee Pain
Authors: Artul Suheil , Khazin Fadi , Hakim Jeries , Habib George 
Published: August 2014

Background:
Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) is becoming more and more popular in the evaluation of different musculoskeletal abnormalities. The aim of this retrospective study was to document the prevalence and spectrum of MSKUS findings at the painful knee.

Materials and Methods:
All the studies of MSKUS that were performed for the evaluation of knee pain during the previous 2 years at the Department of Radiology in Nazareth hospital were reviewed. Demographic and clinical parameters including age, gender, side, and MSKUS findings were documented.

Results:
Two hundred and seventy-six patients were included in the review. In 21 of them, both knees were evaluated at the same setting (total number of knees evaluated was 297). One hundred and forty-four knees were of the left side. Thirty-three pathologies were identified. 34% of the studies were negative. The most common MSKUS findings were medial meniscal tear (MMT) (20%), Baker's cyst (BC) (16%), and osteoarthritis (OA) (11%). Only one knee of all the knees evaluated in our study showed synovitis. Fifty-three knees (18% of all the knees evaluated) had more than one imaging finding, mosty two and while some had three findings. The most common combination of findings was MMT and BC (8 knees), MMT with OA (8 knees), and MMT with fluid (6 knee). In 67% of the patients who had simultaneous bilateral knee evaluation, at least one knee had no abnormal findings and in 43%, both knees were negative.

Conclusions:
MSKUS has the potential for revealing huge spectrum of abnormalities. In nearly 90% of the positive studies, degenerative/mechanical abnormalities were reported, with MMT, BC, and osteoarthritic changes being the most common.
Jarisch‐Herxheimer reaction among HIV‐positive patients with early syphilis: azithromycin versus benzathine penicillin G therapy
Authors: Tsai Mao‐Song , Yang Chia‐Jui , Lee Nan‐Yao , Hsieh Szu‐Min , Lin Yu‐Hui , Sun Hsin‐Yun , Sheng Wang‐Huei , Lee Kuan‐Yeh , Yang Shan‐Ping , Liu Wen‐Chun , Wu Pei‐Ying , Ko Wen‐Chien , Hung Chien‐Ching 
Published: August 2014

IntroductionThe Jarisch‐Herxheimer reaction, a febrile inflammatory reaction that often occurs after the first dose of chemotherapy in spirochetal diseases, may result in deleterious effects to patients with neurosyphilis and to pregnant women. A single 2‐g oral dose of azithromycin is an alternative treatment to benzathine penicillin G for early syphilis in areas with low macrolide resistance. With its potential anti‐inflammatory activity, the impact of azithromycin on the incidence of the Jarisch‐Herxheimer reaction in HIV‐positive patients with early syphilis has rarely been investigated.MethodsIn HIV‐positive patients with early syphilis, the Jarisch‐Herxheimer reaction was prospectively investigated using the same data collection form in 119 patients who received benzathine penicillin G between 2007 and 2009 and 198 who received azithromycin between 2012 and 2013, when shortage of benzathine penicillin G occurred in Taiwan. Between 2012 and 2013, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed to detect Treponema pallidum DNA in clinical specimens, and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 23S ribosomal RNA was performed to detect point mutations (2058G or A2059G) that are associated with macrolide resistance.ResultsThe overall incidence of the Jarisch‐Herxheimer reaction was significantly lower in patients receiving azithromycin than those receiving benzathine penicillin G (14.1% vs. 56.3%, p<0.001). The risk increased with higher rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titres (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] per 1‐log2 increase, 1.21; confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.41), but decreased with prior penicillin therapy for syphilis (AOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.19–0.71) and azithromycin treatment (AOR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.08–0.29). During the study period, 310 specimens were obtained from 198 patients with syphilis for PCR assays, from whom T. pallidum was identified in 76 patients, one of whom (1.3%) was found to be infected with T. pallidum harbouring the macrolide resistance mutation (A2058G). In subgroup analyses confined to the 75 patients infected with T. pallidum lacking resistance mutation, a statistically significantly lower risk for the Jarisch‐Herxheimer reaction following azithromycin treatment was noted.ConclusionsTreatment with azithromycin was associated with a lower risk for the Jarisch‐Herxheimer reaction than that with benzathine penicillin G in HIV‐positive patients with early syphilis. Previous benzathine penicillin G therapy for syphilis decreased the risk, whereas higher RPR titres increased the risk, for the reaction.
Adaptive switching detection algorithm for iterative‐MIMO systems to enable power savings
Authors: Tadza N. , Laurenson D. , Thompson J. S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper attempts to tackle one of the challenges faced in soft input soft output Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) detection systems, which is to achieve optimal error rate performance with minimal power consumption. This is realized by proposing a new algorithm design that comprises multiple thresholds within the detector that, in real time, specify the receiver behavior according to the current channel in both slow and fast fading conditions, giving it adaptivity. This adaptivity enables energy savings within the system since the receiver chooses whether to accept or to reject the transmission, according to the success rate of detecting thresholds. The thresholds are calculated using the mutual information of the instantaneous channel conditions between the transmitting and receiving antennas of iterative‐MIMO systems. In addition, the power saving technique, Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, helps to reduce the circuit power demands of the adaptive algorithm. This adaptivity has the potential to save up to 30% of the total energy when it is implemented on Xilinx®Virtex‐5 simulation hardware. Results indicate the benefits of having this “intelligence” in the adaptive algorithm due to the promising performance‐complexity tradeoff parameters in both software and hardware codesign simulation.
Rapid detection of arsenic minerals using portable broadband NQR
Authors: Lehmann‐Horn J. A. , Miljak D. G. , O'Dell L. A. , Yong R. , Bastow T. J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe remote real‐time detection of specific arsenic species would significantly benefit in minerals processing to mitigate the release of arsenic into aquatic environments and aid in selective mining. At present, there are no technologies available to detect arsenic minerals in bulk volumes outside of laboratories. Here we report on the first room‐temperature broadband 75As nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) detection of common and abundant arsenic ores in the Earth crust using a large sample (0.78 L) volume prototype sensor. Broadband excitation aids in detection of natural minerals with low crystallinity. We briefly discuss how the proposed NQR detector could be employed in mining operations.
Climate effects of dust aerosols over East Asian arid and semiarid regions
Authors: Huang Jianping , Wang Tianhe , Wang Wencai , Li Zhanqing , Yan Hongru 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEast Asia is a major dust source in the world. Mineral dusts in the atmosphere and their interactions with clouds and precipitation have great impacts on regional climate in Asia, where there are large arid and semiarid regions. In this review paper, we summarize the typical transport paths of East Asian dust, which affect regional and global climates, and discuss numerous effects of dust aerosols on clouds and precipitation primarily over East Asian arid and semiarid regions. We hope to provide a benchmark of our present understanding of these issues. Compared with the aerosols of Saharan dust, those of East Asian dust are more absorptive of solar radiation, and its direct radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere is nearly positive or nil. It means that aerosols of East Asian dust can influence the cloud properties not only by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei (via first indirect effect, second indirect effect, and invigoration effect) but also through changing the relative humidity and stability of the atmosphere (via semidirect effect). Converting visible light to thermal energy, dust aerosols can burn clouds to produce a warming effect on climate, which is opposite to the first and second indirect effects of aerosols. The net dust aerosol radiative effects are still highly unclear. In addition, dust can inhibit or enhance precipitation under certain conditions, thus impacting the hydrological cycle. Over Asian arid and semiarid regions, the positive feedback loop in the aerosol‐cloud‐precipitation interaction may aggravate drought in its inner land.
Accuracy of near‐surface aerosol extinction determined from columnar aerosol optical depth measurements in Reno, NV, USA
Authors: Loría‐Salazar S. Marcela , Arnott W. Patrick , Moosmüller Hans 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe aim of the present work is a detailed analysis of aerosol columnar optical depth as a tool to determine near‐surface aerosol extinction in Reno, Nevada, USA, during the summer of 2012. Ground and columnar aerosol optical properties were obtained by use of in situ Photoacoustic and Integrated Nephelometer and Cimel CE‐318 Sun photometer instruments, respectively. Both techniques showed that seasonal weather changes and fire plumes had enormous influence on local aerosol optics. The apparent optical height followed the shape but not magnitude of the development of the convective boundary layer when fire conditions were not present. Back trajectory analysis demonstrated that a local flow known as the Washoe Zephyr circulation often induced aerosol transport from Northern California over the Sierra Nevada Mountains that increased the aerosol optical depth at 500 nm during afternoons when compared with mornings. Aerosol fine mode fraction indicated that afternoon aerosols in June and July and fire plumes in August were dominated by submicron particles, suggesting upwind urban plume biogenically enhanced evolution toward substantial secondary aerosol formation. This fine particle optical depth was inferred to be beyond the surface, thereby complicating use of remote sensing measurements for near‐ground aerosol extinction measurements. It is likely that coarse mode depletes fine mode aerosol near the surface by coagulation and condensation of precursor gases.
Quantifying storage changes in regional Great Lakes watersheds using a coupled subsurface‐land surface process model and GRACE, MODIS products
Authors: Niu Jie , Shen Chaopeng , Li Shu‐Guang , Phanikumar Mantha S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAs a direct measure of watershed resilience, watershed storage is important for understanding climate change impacts on water resources. In this paper we quantify water budget components and storage changes for two of the largest watersheds in the State of Michigan, USA (the Grand River and the Saginaw Bay watersheds) using remotely sensed data and a process‐based hydrologic model (PAWS) that includes detailed representations of subsurface and land surface processes. Model performance is evaluated using ground‐based observations (streamflows, groundwater heads, soil moisture, and soil temperature) as well as satellite‐based estimates of evapotranspiration (Moderate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS) and watershed storage changes (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, GRACE). We use the model to compute annual‐average fluxes due to evapotranspiration, surface runoff, recharge and groundwater contribution to streams and analyze the impacts of land use and land cover (LULC) and soil types on annual hydrologic budgets using correlation analysis. Watershed storage changes based on GRACE data and model results showed similar patterns. Storage was dominated by subsurface components and showed an increasing trend over the past decade. This work provides new estimates of water budgets and storage changes in Great Lakes watersheds and the results are expected to aid in the analysis and interpretation of the current trend of declining lake levels, in understanding projected future impacts of climate change as well as in identifying appropriate climate adaptation strategies.
Microbial dispersal in unsaturated porous media: Characteristics of motile bacterial cell motions in unsaturated angular pore networks
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali N. , Or Dani 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe dispersal rates of self‐propelled microorganisms affect their spatial interactions and the ecological functioning of microbial communities. Microbial dispersal rates affect risk of contamination of water resources by soil‐borne pathogens, the inoculation of plant roots, or the rates of spoilage of food products. In contrast with the wealth of information on microbial dispersal in water replete systems, very little is known about their dispersal rates in unsaturated porous media. The fragmented aqueous phase occupying complex soil pore spaces suppress motility and limits dispersal ranges in unsaturated soil. The primary objective of this study was to systematically evaluate key factors that shape microbial dispersal in model unsaturated porous media to quantify effects of saturation, pore space geometry, and chemotaxis on characteristics of principles that govern motile microbial dispersion in unsaturated soil. We constructed a novel 3‐D angular pore network model (PNM) to mimic aqueous pathways in soil for different hydration conditions; within the PNM, we employed an individual‐based model that considers physiological and biophysical properties of motile and chemotactic bacteria. The effects of hydration conditions on first passage times in different pore networks were studied showing that fragmentation of aquatic habitats under dry conditions sharply suppresses nutrient transport and microbial dispersal rates in good agreement with limited experimental data. Chemotactically biased mean travel speed of microbial cells across 9 mm saturated PNM was ∼3 mm/h decreasing exponentially to 0.45 mm/h for the PNM at matric potential of
(for
, dispersal practically ceases and the mean travel time to traverse the 9 mm PNM exceeds 1 year). Results indicate that chemotaxis enhances dispersal rates by orders of magnitude relative to random (diffusive) motions. Model predictions considering microbial cell sizes relative to available liquid pathways sizes were in good agreement with experimental results for unsaturated soils. The new modeling platform enables quantitative consideration of key biophysical factors (e.g., pore space heterogeneities and hydration conditions) governing microbial interactions in 3‐D soil pore spaces.
Bipolar Tribocharging Signal During Friction Force Fluctuations at Metal–Insulator Interfaces
Authors: Burgo Thiago A. L. , Erdemir Ali 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFriction and triboelectrification of materials show a strong correlation during sliding contacts. Friction force fluctuations are always accompanied by two tribocharging events at metal–insulator [e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)] interfaces: injection of charged species from the metal into PTFE followed by the flow of charges from PTFE to the metal surface. Adhesion maps that were obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) show that the region of contact increases the pull‐off force from 10 to 150 nN, reflecting on a resilient electrostatic adhesion between PTFE and the metallic surface. The reported results suggest that friction and triboelectrification have a common origin that must be associated with the occurrence of strong electrostatic interactions at the interface.
Intrinsic Surface‐Drying Properties of Bioadhesive Proteins
Authors: Akdogan Yasar , Wei Wei , Huang Kuo‐Ying , Kageyama Yoshiyuki , Danner Eric W. , Miller Dusty R. , Martinez Rodriguez Nadine R. , Waite J. Herbert , Han Songi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSessile marine mussels must “dry” underwater surfaces before adhering to them. Synthetic adhesives have yet to overcome this fundamental challenge. Previous studies of bioinspired adhesion have largely been performed under applied compressive forces, but such studies are poor predictors of the ability of an adhesive to spontaneously penetrate surface hydration layers. In a force‐free approach to measuring molecular‐level interaction through surface‐water diffusivity, different mussel foot proteins were found to have different abilities to evict hydration layers from surfaces—a necessary step for adsorption and adhesion. It was anticipated that DOPA would mediate dehydration owing to its efficacy in bioinspired wet adhesion. Instead, hydrophobic side chains were found to be a critical component for protein–surface intimacy. This direct measurement of interfacial water dynamics during force‐free adsorptive interactions at solid surfaces offers guidance for the engineering of wet adhesives and coatings.
Remarkable Enhancement of O2 Activation on Yttrium‐Stabilized Zirconia Surface in a Dual Catalyst Bed
Authors: Richard Mélissandre , Can Fabien , Duprez Daniel , Gil Sonia , Giroir‐Fendler Anne , Bion Nicolas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractYttrium‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been extensively studied as an electrolyte material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) but its performance in heterogeneous catalysis is also the object of a growing number of publications. In both applications, oxygen activation on the YSZ surface remains the step that hinders utilization at moderate temperature. It was demonstrated by oxygen isotope exchange that a dual catalyst bed system consisting of two successive LaMnO3 and YSZ beds without intimate contact drastically enhances oxygen activation on the YSZ surface at 698 K. It can be concluded that LaMnO3 activates the triplet ground‐state of molecular oxygen into a low‐lying singlet state, thereby facilitating the activation of the O2 molecule on the YSZ oxygen vacancy sites. This phenomenon is shown to improve the catalytic activity of the LaMnO3‐Pd/YSZ system for the partial oxidation of methane.
Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Reactor Imaging with Unprecedented Chemical Resolution by Hadamard‐Encoded Remote Detection NMR
Authors: Telkki Ville‐Veikko , Zhivonitko Vladimir V. , Selent Anne , Scotti Gianmario , Leppäniemi Jarmo , Franssila Sami , Koptyug Igor V. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe development of microfluidic processes requires information‐rich detection methods. Here we introduce the concept of remote detection exchange NMR spectroscopy (RD‐EXSY), and show that, along with indirect spatial information extracted from time‐of‐flight data, it provides unique information about the active regions, reaction pathways, and intermediate products in a lab‐on‐a‐chip reactor. Furthermore, we demonstrate that direct spatial resolution can be added to RD‐EXSY efficiently by applying the principles of Hadamard spectroscopy.
Brightness through Local Constraint—LNA‐Enhanced FIT Hybridization Probes for In Vivo Ribonucleotide Particle Tracking
Authors: Hövelmann Felix , Gaspar Imre , Loibl Simon , Ermilov Eugeny A. , Röder Beate , Wengel Jesper , Ephrussi Anne , Seitz Oliver 
Published: August 2014

AbstractImaging the dynamics of RNA in living cells is usually performed by means of transgenic approaches that require modification of RNA targets and cells. Fluorogenic hybridization probes would also allow the analysis of wild‐type organisms. We developed nuclease‐resistant DNA forced intercalation (FIT) probes that combine the high enhancement of fluorescence upon hybridization with the high brightness required to allow tracking of individual ribonucleotide particles (RNPs). In our design, a single thiazole orange (TO) intercalator dye is linked as a nucleobase surrogate and an adjacent locked nucleic acid (LNA) unit serves to introduce a local constraint. This closes fluorescence decay channels and thereby increases the brightness of the probe–target duplexes. As few as two probes were sufficient to enable the tracking of oskar mRNPs in wild‐type living Drosophila melanogaster oocytes.