bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete mitochondrial genome of Bactrocera arecae (Insecta: Tephritidae) by next-generation sequencing and molecular phylogeny of Dacini tribe
Authors: Yong Hoi-Sen , Song Sze-Looi , Lim Phaik-Eem , Chan Kok-Gan , Chow Wan-Loo , Eamsobhana Praphathip 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe whole mitochondrial genome of the pest fruit fly Bactrocera arecae was obtained from next-generation sequencing of genomic DNA. It had a total length of 15,900 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and a non-coding region (A + T-rich control region). The control region (952 bp) was flanked by rrnS and trnI genes. The start codons included 6 ATG, 3 ATT and 1 each of ATA, ATC, GTG and TCG. Eight TAA, two TAG, one incomplete TA and two incomplete T stop codons were represented in the protein-coding genes. The cloverleaf structure for trnS1 lacked the D-loop and that of trnN and trnF lacked the TΨC-loop. Molecular phylogeny based on 13 protein-coding genes was concordant with 37 mitochondrial genes, with B. arecae having closest genetic affinity to B. tryoni. The subgenus Bactrocera of Dacini tribe and the Dacinae subfamily (Dacini and Ceratitidini tribes) were monophyletic. The whole mitogenome of B. arecae will serve as a useful dataset for studying the genetics, systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the many species of Bactrocera genus in particular and tephritid fruit flies in general.
The invasive potential of Giardia intestinalis in an in vivo model
Authors: Reynoso-Robles R. , Ponce-Macotela M. , Rosas-López L. E. , Ramos-Morales A. , Martínez–Gordillo M. N. , González-Maciel A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGiardiasis is a neglected parasitic disease that affects primarily children, in whom it delays physical and mental development. The pathophysiology of giardiasis in not well understood and most reports have identified Giardia intestinalis trophozoites only in the lumen and on the brush border of the small intestine. We identified Giardia trophozoites within the epithelium of the small intestine of a lactose intolerance patient. The Giardia trophozoites were obtained and cultured in vitro. In addition, we demonstrated Giardia trophozoite invasion in an animal model. Giardia trophozoites invaded the intestinal mucosa and submucosa of infected gerbils. The invasive trophozoites were observed at 21, 30 and 60 days age and the average numbers of invaded sites were 17 ± 5, 15 ± 4 and 9 ± 3, respectively. We found trophozoites between epithelial cells, at the base of empty goblet cells, in lacteal vessels and within the submucosa. The morphological integrity of the invasive trophozoites was demonstrated via electron microscopy. The analysis of the gerbils infected with the trophozoites of the WB reference strain did not show intraepithelial trophozoites. These results demonstrate another Giardia pathogenic mechanism, opening the door to numerous future studies.
The start of lightning: Evidence of bidirectional lightning initiation
Authors: Montanyà Joan , van der Velde Oscar , Williams Earle R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLightning flashes are known to initiate in regions of strong electric fields inside thunderstorms, between layers of positively and negatively charged precipitation particles. For that reason, lightning inception is typically hidden from sight of camera systems used in research. Other technology such as lightning mapping systems based on radio waves can typically detect only some aspects of the lightning initiation process and subsequent development of positive and negative leaders. We report here a serendipitous recording of bidirectional lightning initiation in virgin air under the cloud base at ~11,000 images per second and the differences in characteristics of opposite polarity leader sections during the earliest stages of the discharge. This case reveals natural lightning initiation, propagation and a return stroke as in negative cloud-to-ground flashes, upon connection to another lightning channel – without any masking by cloud.
Pterostilbine, an active component of blueberries, sensitizes colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity
Authors: Tolba Mai F. , Abdel-Rahman Sherif Z. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the first line of therapy for this debilitating disease, treatment effectiveness is often hampered by the development of drug resistance and toxicity at high doses. ER-β can play an important role in CRC development and possibly in its response to therapy. Pterostilbene (PT) possesses antioxidant and anticancer effects that are mediated by ER-β. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that PT sensitizes colon cancer cells to 5-FU and we examine the underlying mechanism(s) by which PT exerts its cytotoxic effects in CRC cells. Our data indicate that PT exhibited a more potent cytotoxic effect in Caco-2 compared to HCT-116 cells. PT/5-FU co-treatment was more effective in Caco-2 cells. Our data indicate that ER-β is expressed at higher levels in Caco-2 cells and its levels are further boosted with PT treatment. PT significantly suppressed Akt and ERK phosphorylations and enhanced FOXO-1 and p27kip1 levels in Caco-2 cells. PT also induced a significant increase in Caco-2 cells at pre-G phase coupled with increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and PARP cleavage. These results provide a rationale for novel combination treatment strategies, especially for patients with 5-FU-resistant tumors expressing ER-β protein.
Manganese-Mediated Coupling Reaction of Vinylarenes and Aliphatic Alcohols
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Nai-Xing , Bai Cui-Bing , Wang Yan-Jing , Lan Xing-Wang , Xing Yalan , Li Yi-He , Wen Jia-Long 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlcohols and alkenes are the most abundant and commonly used organic building blocks in the large-scale chemical synthesis. Herein, this is the first time to report a novel and operationally simple coupling reaction of vinylarenes and aliphatic alcohols catalyzed by manganese in the presence of TBHP (tert-butyl hydroperoxide). This coupling reaction provides the oxyalkylated products of vinylarenes with good regioselectivity and accomplishes with the principles of step-economies. A possible reaction mechanism has also been proposed.
EGCG antagonizes Bortezomib cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells by an autophagic mechanism
Authors: Modernelli Alice , Naponelli Valeria , Giovanna Troglio Maria , Bonacini Martina , Ramazzina Ileana , Bettuzzi Saverio , Rizzi Federica 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe proteasome inhibitors Bortezomib (BZM) and MG132 trigger cancer cell death via induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most bioactive green tea polyphenol, is known to display strong anticancer properties as it inhibits proteasome activity and induces ER stress. We investigated whether combined delivery of a proteasome inhibitor with EGCG enhances prostate cancer cell death through increased induction of ER stress. Paradoxically, EGCG antagonized BZM cytotoxicity even when used at low concentrations. Conversely, the MG132 dose-response curve was unaffected by co-administration of EGCG. Moreover, apoptosis, proteasome inhibition and ER stress were inhibited in PC3 cells simultaneously treated with BZM and EGCG but not with a combination of MG132 and EGCG; EGCG enhanced autophagy induction in BZM-treated cells only. Autophagy inhibition restored cytotoxicity concomitantly with CHOP and p-eIF2α up-regulation in cells treated with BZM and EGCG. Overall, these findings demonstrate that EGCG antagonizes BZM toxicity by exacerbating the activation of autophagy, which in turn mitigates ER stress and reduces CHOP up-regulation, finally protecting PC3 cells from cell death.
Artificial oxygen carriers rescue placental hypoxia and improve fetal development in the rat pre-eclampsia model
Authors: Li Heng , Ohta Hidenobu , Tahara Yu , Nakamura Sakiko , Taguchi Kazuaki , Nakagawa Machiko , Oishi Yoshihisa , Goto Yu-ichi , Wada Keiji , Kaga Makiko , Inagaki Masumi , Otagiri Masaki , Yokota Hideo , Shibata Shigenobu , Sakai Hiromi , Okamura Kunihiro , Yaegashi Nobuo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPre-eclampsia affects approximately 5% of all pregnant women and remains a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The hypertension associated with pre-eclampsia develops during pregnancy and remits after delivery, suggesting that the placenta is the most likely origin of this disease. The pathophysiology involves insufficient trophoblast invasion, resulting in incomplete narrow placental spiral artery remodeling. Placental insufficiency, which limits the maternal-fetal exchange of gas and nutrients, leads to fetal intrauterine growth restriction. In this study, in our attempt to develop a new therapy for pre-eclampsia, we directly rescued placental and fetal hypoxia with nano-scale size artificial oxygen carriers (hemoglobin vesicles). The present study is the first to demonstrate that artificial oxygen carriers successfully treat placental hypoxia, decrease maternal plasma levels of anti-angiogenic proteins and ameliorate fetal growth restriction in the pre-eclampsia rat model.
Evidence of bacterioplankton community adaptation in response to long-term mariculture disturbance
Authors: Xiong Jinbo , Chen Heping , Hu Changju , Ye Xiansen , Kong Dingjiang , Zhang Demin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the underlying mechanisms that shape the temporal dynamics of a microbial community has important implications for predicting the trajectory of an ecosystem’s response to anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we evaluated the seasonal dynamics of bacterioplankton community composition (BCC) following more than three decades of mariculture disturbance in Xiangshan Bay. Clear seasonal succession and site (fish farm and control site) separation of the BCC were observed, which were primarily shaped by temperature, dissolved oxygen and sampling time. However, the sensitive bacterial families consistently changed in relative abundance in response to mariculture disturbance, regardless of the season. Temporal changes in the BCC followed the time-decay for similarity relationship at both sites. Notably, mariculture disturbance significantly (P < 0.001) flattened the temporal turnover but intensified bacterial species-to-species interactions. The decrease in bacterial temporal turnover under long-term mariculture disturbance was coupled with a consistent increase in the percentage of deterministic processes that constrained bacterial assembly based on a null model analysis. The results demonstrate that the BCC is sensitive to mariculture disturbance; however, a bacterioplankton community could adapt to a long-term disturbance via attenuating temporal turnover and intensifying species-species interactions. These findings expand our current understanding of microbial assembly in response to long-term anthropogenic disturbances.
Finite-key security analyses on passive decoy-state QKD protocols with different unstable sources
Authors: Song Ting-Ting , Qin Su-Juan , Wen Qiao-Yan , Wang Yu-Kun , Jia Heng-Yue 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn quantum communication, passive decoy-state QKD protocols can eliminate many side channels, but the protocols without any finite-key analyses are not suitable for in practice. The finite-key securities of passive decoy-state (PDS) QKD protocols with two different unstable sources, type-II parametric down-convention (PDC) and phase randomized weak coherent pulses (WCPs), are analyzed in our paper. According to the PDS QKD protocols, we establish an optimizing programming respectively and obtain the lower bounds of finite-key rates. Under some reasonable values of quantum setup parameters, the lower bounds of finite-key rates are simulated. The simulation results show that at different transmission distances, the affections of different fluctuations on key rates are different. Moreover, the PDS QKD protocol with an unstable PDC source can resist more intensity fluctuations and more statistical fluctuation.
Possible Demonstration of a Polaronic Bose-Einstein(-Mott) Condensate in UO2(+x) by Ultrafast THz Spectroscopy and Microwave Dissipation
Authors: Conradson Steven D. , Gilbertson Steven M. , Daifuku Stephanie L. , Kehl Jeffrey A. , Durakiewicz Tomasz , Andersson David A. , Bishop Alan R. , Byler Darrin D. , Maldonado Pablo , Oppeneer Peter M. , Valdez James A. , Neidig Michael L. , Rodriguez George 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBose-Einstein condensates (BECs) composed of polarons would be an advance because they would combine coherently charge, spin and a crystal lattice. Following our earlier report of unique structural and spectroscopic properties, we now identify potentially definitive evidence for polaronic BECs in photo- and chemically doped UO2(+x) on the basis of exceptional coherence in the ultrafast time dependent terahertz absorption and microwave spectroscopy results that show collective behavior including dissipation patterns whose precedents are condensate vortex and defect disorder and condensate excitations. That some of these signatures of coherence in an atom-based system extend to ambient temperature suggests a novel mechanism that could be a synchronized, dynamical, disproportionation excitation, possibly via the solid state analog of a Feshbach resonance that promotes the coherence. Such a mechanism would demonstrate that the use of ultra-low temperatures to establish the BEC energy distribution is a convenience rather than a necessity, with the actual requirement for the particles being in the same state that is not necessarily the ground state attainable by other means. A macroscopic quantum object created by chemical doping that can persist to ambient temperature and resides in a bulk solid would be revolutionary in a number of scientific and technological fields.
H3N2 Mismatch of 2014–15 Northern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccines and Head-to-head Comparison between Human and Ferret Antisera derived Antigenic Maps
Authors: Xie Hang , Wan Xiu-Feng , Ye Zhiping , Plant Ewan P. , Zhao Yangqing , Xu Yifei , Li Xing , Finch Courtney , Zhao Nan , Kawano Toshiaki , Zoueva Olga , Chiang Meng-Jung , Jing Xianghong , Lin Zhengshi , Zhang Anding , Zhu Yanhong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe poor performance of 2014–15 Northern Hemisphere (NH) influenza vaccines was attributed to mismatched H3N2 component with circulating epidemic strains. Using human serum samples collected from 2009–10, 2010–11 and 2014–15 NH influenza vaccine trials, we assessed their cross-reactive hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody responses against recent H3 epidemic isolates. All three populations (children, adults and older adults) vaccinated with the 2014–15 NH egg- or cell-based vaccine, showed >50% reduction in HAI post-vaccination geometric mean titers against epidemic H3 isolates from those against egg-grown H3 vaccine strain A/Texas/50/2012 (TX/12e). The 2014–15 NH vaccines, regardless of production type, failed to further extend HAI cross-reactivity against H3 epidemic strains from previous seasonal vaccines. Head-to-head comparison between ferret and human antisera derived antigenic maps revealed different antigenic patterns among representative egg- and cell-grown H3 viruses characterized. Molecular modeling indicated that the mutations of epidemic H3 strains were mainly located in antibody-binding sites A and B as compared with TX/12e. To improve vaccine strain selection, human serologic testing on vaccination-induced cross-reactivity need be emphasized along with virus antigenic characterization by ferret model.
Observation of tunable electrical bandgap in large-area twisted bilayer graphene synthesized by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Liu Jing-Bo , Li Ping-Jian , Chen Yuan-Fu , Wang Ze-Gao , Qi Fei , He Jia-Rui , Zheng Bin-Jie , Zhou Jin-Hao , Zhang Wan-Li , Gu Lin , Li Yan-Rong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough there are already many efforts to investigate the electronic structures of twisted bilayer graphene, a definitive conclusion has not yet been reached. In particular, it is still a controversial issue whether a tunable electrical (or transport) bandgap exists in twisted bilayer graphene film until now. Herein, for the first time, it has been demonstrated that a tunable electrical bandgap can be opened in the twisted bilayer graphene by the combination effect of twist and vertical electrical fields. In addition, we have also developed a facile chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize large-area twisted bilayer graphene by introducing decaborane as the cocatalyst for decomposing methane molecules. The growth mechanism is demonstrated to be a defined-seeding and self-limiting process. This work is expected to be beneficial to the fundamental understanding of both the growth mechanism for bilayer graphene on Cu foil and more significantly, the electronic structures of twisted bilayer graphene.
Novel insights into the interplay between ventral neck muscles in individuals with whiplash-associated disorders
Authors: Peterson Gunnel , Nilsson David , Trygg Johan , Falla Deborah , Dedering Åsa , Wallman Thorne , Peolsson Anneli 
Published: October 2015

AbstractChronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) is common after whiplash injury, with considerable personal, social and economic burden. Despite decades of research, factors responsible for continuing pain and disability are largely unknown and diagnostic tools are lacking. Here, we report a novel model of mechanical ventral neck muscle function recorded from non-invasive, real-time, ultrasound measurements. We calculated the deformation area and deformation rate in 23 individuals with persistent WAD and compared them to 23 sex- and age-matched controls. Multivariate statistics were used to analyse interactions between ventral neck muscles, revealing different interplay between muscles in individuals with WAD and healthy controls. Although the cause and effect relation cannot be established from this data, for the first time, we reveal a novel method capable of detecting different neck muscle interplay in people with WAD. This non-invasive method stands to make a major breakthrough in the assessment and diagnosis of people following a whiplash trauma.
Oscillating high-aspect-ratio monolithic silicon nanoneedle array enables efficient delivery of functional bio-macromolecules into living cells
Authors: Matsumoto Daisuke , Rao Sathuluri Ramachandra , Kato Yoshio , Silberberg Yaron R. , Kawamura Ryuzo , Iwata Futoshi , Kobayashi Takeshi , Nakamura Chikashi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDelivery of biomolecules with use of nanostructures has been previously reported. However, both efficient and high-throughput intracellular delivery has proved difficult to achieve. Here, we report a novel material and device for the delivery of biomacromolecules into live cells. We attribute the successful results to the unique features of the system, which include high-aspect-ratio, uniform nanoneedles laid across a 2D array, combined with an oscillatory feature, which together allow rapid, forcible and efficient insertion and protein release into thousands of cells simultaneously.
The identification of novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis DHFR inhibitors and the investigation of their binding preferences by using molecular modelling
Authors: Hong Wei , Wang Yu , Chang Zhe , Yang Yanhui , Pu Jing , Sun Tao , Kaur Sargit , Sacchettini James C. , Jung Hunmin , Lin Wong Wee , Fah Yap Lee , Fong Ngeow Yun , Paterson Ian C. , Wang Hao 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt is an urgent need to develop new drugs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a recognised drug target. The crystal structures of methotrexate binding to mt- and h-DHFR separately indicate that the glycerol (GOL) binding site is likely to be critical for the function of mt-DHFR selective inhibitors. We have used in silico methods to screen NCI small molecule database and a group of related compounds were obtained that inhibit mt-DHFR activity and showed bactericidal effects against a test Mtb strain. The binding poses were then analysed and the influence of GOL binding site was studied by using molecular modelling. By comparing the chemical structures, 4 compounds that might be able to occupy the GOL binding site were identified. However, these compounds contain large hydrophobic side chains. As the GOL binding site is more hydrophilic, molecular modelling indicated that these compounds were failed to occupy the GOL site. The most potent inhibitor (compound 6) demonstrated limited selectivity for mt-DHFR, but did contain a novel central core (7H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinazoline-1,3-diamine), which may significantly expand the chemical space of novel mt-DHFR inhibitors. Collectively, these observations will inform future medicinal chemistry efforts to improve the selectivity of compounds against mt-DHFR.
Phase Equilibria, Crystal Structure and Hydriding/Dehydriding Mechanism of Nd4Mg80Ni8 Compound
Authors: Luo Qun , Gu Qin-Fen , Zhang Jie-Yu , Chen Shuang-Lin , Chou Kuo-Chih , Li Qian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn order to find out the optimal composition of novel Nd-Mg-Ni alloys for hydrogen storage, the isothermal section of Nd-Mg-Ni system at 400 °C is established by examining the equilibrated alloys. A new ternary compound Nd4Mg80Ni8 is discovered in the Mg-rich corner. It has the crystal structure of space group I41/amd with lattice parameters of a = b = 11.2743(1) Å and c = 15.9170(2) Å, characterized by the synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXRD). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) is used to investigate the microstructure of Nd4Mg80Ni8 and its hydrogen-induced microstructure evolution. The hydrogenation leads to Nd4Mg80Ni8 decomposing into NdH2.61-MgH2-Mg2NiH0.3 nanocomposites, where the high density phase boundaries provide a great deal of hydrogen atoms diffusion channels and nucleation sites of hydrides, which greatly enhances the hydriding/dehydriding (H/D) properties. The Nd4Mg80Ni8 exhibits a good cycle ability. The kinetic mechanisms of H/D reactions are studied by Real Physical Picture (RPP) model. The rate controlling steps are diffusion for hydriding reaction in the temperature range of 100 ~ 350 °C and surface penetration for dehydriding reaction at 291 ~ 347 °C. In-situ SR-PXRD results reveal the phase transformations of Mg to MgH2 and Mg2Ni to Mg2NiH4 as functions of hydrogen pressure and hydriding time.
Anodic Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ with CdSe Quantum Dots as Coreactant and Its Application in Quantitative Detection of DNA
Authors: Dong Yong-Ping , Gao Ting-Ting , Zhou Ying , Jiang Li-Ping , Zhu Jun-Jie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the present paper, we report that CdSe quantum dots (QDs) can act as the coreactant of Ru(bpy)32+ electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) in neutral condition. Strong anodic ECL signal was observed at ~1.10 V at CdSe QDs modified glassy carbon electrode (CdSe/GCE), which might be mainly attributed to the apparent electrocatalytic effect of QDs on the oxidation of Ru(bpy)32+. Ru(bpy)32+ can be intercalated into the loop of hairpin DNA through the electrostatic interaction to fabricate a probe. When the probe was bound to the CdSe QDs modified on the GCE, the intense ECL signal was obtained. The more Ru(bpy)32+ can be intercalated when DNA loop has larger diameter and the stronger ECL signal can be observed. The loop of hairpin DNA can be opened in the presence of target DNA to release the immobilized Ru(bpy)32+, which can result in the decrease of ECL signal. The decreased ECL signal varied linearly with the concentration of target DNA, which showed the ECL biosensor can be used in the sensitive detection of DNA. The proposed ECL biosensor showed an excellent performance with high specificity, wide linear range and low detection limit.