bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining Manufacturing and Non‐Manufacturing Inbound FDI Location in Five UK Regions
Authors: Fallon Grahame , Cook Mark 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper extends the analysis of foreign direct investment (FDI) location in the UK by exploring the determinants of manufacturing and non‐manufacturing inbound FDI location within and between the UK's core (the Southeast) and non‐core (West Midlands; Wales; Scotland and the Northwest) regions. Use is made of multiple regression techniques to analyse a set of official, longitudinal data gathered for the period from 1980 to 2005 as a means to this end. The findings offer new insights into the relative influence of regional, national and EU level factors and government policy over FDI location at the UK regional level, and into their variation between regions and sectors of industry. The resultant implications for government policies towards inbound FDI are also considered, including the desirability of allowing them to vary from region to region, if FDI inflows are to be maximised.
Analysis of virtual water consumption in China: using factor decomposition analysis based on a weighted average decomposition model
Authors: Zhi Yuan , Hamilton Paul B. , Zhi Chongyuan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExploring the cause‐and‐effect relationship between economic sectors and water resources is important to China. This study implemented a factor decomposition analysis by weighted average decomposition (WAD) model on the changes of Chinese virtual water (VW) consumption between 2002 and 2007, which includes both direct water consumption (consumed to produce final products) and indirect water consumption (consumed to produce intermediate products). The change in VW consumption is decomposed into three determinant factors: technological effect, economic structural effect and the products' scale effect. The results show that the volume of VW consumption in China has decreased from 5.92 × 1011 m3 in 2002 to 5.17 × 1011 m3 in 2007, which is mainly because of the technological effect (−5.48 × 1011 m3). The increase in net VW exports is mainly due to the economic structure effect (6.19 × 109 m3) and the fast growth of exports (3.49 × 1010 m3).
Draft Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolate OSDD515, Belonging to the Uganda I Genotype
Authors: Vellarikkal Shamsudheen Karuthedath , Singh Ajay Vir , Singh Pravin Kumar , Garg Parul , Katoch Viswa Mohan , Katoch Kiran ,   Open Source Drug Discovery Consortium, Chauhan D. S. , Sivasubbu Sridhar , Scaria Vinod 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

We describe the genome sequencing and analysis of a clinical isolate of the multidrug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Uganda I genotype (OSDD515) from India.
Complete Genome Sequence of the
Sesbania
Symbiont and Rice Growth-Promoting Endophyte
Rhizobium
sp. Strain IRBG74
Authors: Crook Matthew B. , Mitra Shubhajit , Ané Jean-Michel , Sadowsky Michael J. , Gyaneshwar Prasad 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Rhizobium
sp. strain IRBG74 is the first known nitrogen-fixing symbiont in the
Agrobacterium/Rhizobium
clade that nodulates the aquatic legume
Sesbania
sp. and is also a growth-promoting endophyte of wetland rice. Here, we present the sequence of the IRBG74 genome, which is composed of a circular chromosome, a linear chromosome, and a symbiotic plasmid, pIRBG74a.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum Strain WJL, a
Drosophila
Gut Symbiont
Authors: Kim Eun-Kyoung , Park Young Min , Lee Oun Young , Lee Won-Jae 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus plantarum
strain WJL, a member of the symbiotic gut bacteria, was isolated from the intestine of the fruit fly,
Drosophila melanogaster
. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
L. plantarum
WJL.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Belonging to a Novel Spoligotype
Authors: Vellarikkal Shamsudheen Karuthedath , Singh Ajay Vir , Singh Pravin Kumar , Garg Parul , Katoch Viswa Mohan , Katoch Kiran ,   Open Source Drug Discovery Consortium, Chauhan D. S. , Sivasubbu Sridhar , Scaria Vinod 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

We describe the genome sequencing and analysis of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolate of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, strain OSDD105 from India, belonging to a novel spoligotype.
Complete Genome Sequence of Universal Bacteriophage Host Strain Campylobacter jejuni subsp.
jejuni
PT14
Authors: Brathwaite Kelly J. , Siringan Patcharin , Moreton Joanna , Wilson Ray , Connerton Ian F. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter jejuni
strain PT14 is a clinical isolate previously used to propagate bacteriophages in the United Kingdom phage typing scheme. The strain has proven useful in the isolation of
Campylobacter
bacteriophages from several sources, and it functions as a model host in phage therapy experiments with poultry and poultry meat.
Prevention of bicycle-related injuries in children and youth: a systematic review of bicycle skills training interventions
Authors: Richmond Sarah A , Zhang Yu Janice , Stover Andi , Howard Andrew , Macarthur Colin 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundBicycling is a popular means of recreation and transportation for children; however, it is a leading cause of recreational injury. Bicycle skill development and safety education are important methods of bicycle injury prevention.ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of bicycle skills training programmes in reducing bicycle-related injuries in children and youth.MethodsSixteen databases were systematically searched to include studies involving children less than 19 years of age who participated in interventions that targeted bicycle skills and safety education. Outcome measures included injury, behaviour, knowledge and attitudes. Data extraction included study characteristics, intervention and outcomes. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Downs and Black criteria.ResultsTwenty-five studies, including both observational (ie, case–control) and experimental (ie, randomised controlled trials) designs met the inclusion criteria. Overall, there was no statistically significant intervention effect on measures of injury. Eight of 16 studies measuring knowledge reported significant knowledge gains as a result of the intervention. Of 13 studies evaluating behavioural and attitude changes, five reported significant improvement. There was no significant difference in quality index scores between studies that showed an improvement in knowledge or behaviour (61%, 95% CI 49% to 74%) and studies that did not (57%, 95% CI 48% to 66%).ConclusionsThere is a paucity of high-quality research in the area of bicycle skills training programmes. Educational and skills training bicycling programmes may increase knowledge of cycling safety, but this does not seem to translate into a decrease in injury rate, or improved bicycle handling ability and attitudes.
Age of the magmatism related to the inverted Stephanian–Permian basin of the Sallent area (Pyrenees)
Authors: Rodríguez-Méndez Lidia , Cuevas Julia , Esteban José Julián , Tubía José M. , Sergeev Sergei , Larionov Alexander 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We have dated an alkaline diabase dyke from the Axial Zone of the Pyrenees near the village of Sallent (Spain), using a sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP). The diabase dyke intrudes into Devonian rocks that constitute the basement of an inverted Stephanian–Permian basin. Five U–Pb analyses of zircon yield a concordant age of 259.2±3.2 Ma (2σ) for the intrusion of the dyke. This age links diabase dykes with the magmatism associated with the opening of the Stephanian–Permian basins scattered along the Pyrenees. Previous data from the largest Anayet and Midi d'Ossau volcanic massifs, located to the NW of the studied dyke, indicate that the Permian magmatism develops from late Autunian/early Saxonian to Wordian ages. Consequently, this new age broadens the time span of the Permian magmatism of the Pyrenees. The work relates the structure of the Stephanian–Permian basin and the magmatism in order to explain the transition to the new geodynamic setting prevailing in the Pyrenees during the Mesozoic.
Strain and foliation refraction patterns around buckle folds
Authors: Frehner Marcel , Exner Ulrike 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Axial plane foliation associated with geological folds may exhibit a divergent or convergent fan. Commonly, the foliation is assumed to reflect the major principal finite strain orientation. Here, the strain orientation around numerically simulated single-layer buckle folds is analysed in detail. Four different strain measures are considered: (1) finite strain, (2) infinitesimal strain, (3) incremental strain (recording the strain history from a certain shortening value until the end), and (4) initially layer-perpendicular passive marker lines. In the matrix at the outer arc of the fold, all strain measures result in similar divergent fan patterns. Therefore, divergent foliation fans around natural folds cannot readily be associated with the finite strain orientation as they may reflect other strain measures. In the simulated folds, the convergent fans in the stronger layer show differences between the different strain measures, which are associated with a 90°-switch of the major principal strain from a layer-perpendicular to a layer-parallel orientation at the outer arc. A similar observation is made in one of three studied natural folds (near Ribadeo and Luarca, NW Spain). It is suggested that the convergent foliation fan pattern inside a fold is better suited for strain estimates than the divergent fan around a fold.
Tumor–Stroma Interaction: Revealing Fibroblast-Secreted Exosomes as Potent Regulators of Wnt-Planar Cell Polarity Signaling in Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Luga Valbona , Wrana Jeffrey L. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) regulate tumor progression, but their role in cancer metastasis remains largely unexplored. Exosomes are secreted microvesicles that are emerging as potent mediators of cell–cell communication that are of particular importance in tumor–stroma interactions. The Wnt-planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is the primary regulator of convergent extension cell movements during vertebrate development, but the role of this signaling pathway in cancer cell migration and metastasis has been unclear. Recently, we revealed that fibroblasts secrete exosomes that promote breast cancer cell (BCC) protrusive activity, motility, and metastasis by activating autocrine Wnt-PCP signaling in BCCs. Moreover, we showed that Wnt ligands produced by BCCs tether to fibroblast exosomes upon trafficking of exosomes in BCCs. These findings have several implications that motivate promising future research in the fields of tumor–stroma communication, exosome function, and Wnt-PCP signaling in cancer metastasis. Cancer Res; 73(23); 6843–7. ©2013 AACR.
Clinical and Biochemical Studies Support Smokeless Tobacco's Carcinogenic Potential in the Human Oral Cavity
Authors: Mallery Susan R. , Tong Meng , Michaels Gregory C. , Kiyani Amber R. , Hecht Stephen S. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer presented compelling evidence that linked smokeless tobacco use to the development of human oral cancer. Although these findings imply vigorous local carcinogen metabolism, little is known about levels and distribution of phase I, II, and III (drug egress) enzymes in human oral mucosa. In this study here, we integrated clinical data, and imaging and histopathologic analyses of an oral squamous cell carcinoma that arose at the site of smokeless tobacco quid placement in a patient. Immunoblot and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were used to identify tumor and normal human oral mucosal smokeless tobacco-associated metabolic activation and detoxification enzymes. Human oral epithelium contains every known phase I enzyme associated with nitrosamine oxidative bioactivation with approximately 2-fold interdonor differences in protein levels. Previous studies have confirmed approximately 3.5-fold interdonor variations in intraepithelial phase II enzymes. Unlike the superficially located enzymes in nonreplicating esophageal surface epithelium, IHC studies confirmed that oral mucosal nitrosamine metabolizing enzymes reside in the basilar and suprabasilar region, which notably is the site of ongoing keratinocyte DNA replication. Clearly, variations in product composition, nitrosamine metabolism, and exposure duration will modulate clinical outcomes. The data presented here form a coherent picture consistent with the abundant experimental data that link tobacco-specific nitrosamines to human oral cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 7(1); 23–32. ©2013 AACR.
A Novel AKT1 Mutant Amplifies an Adaptive Melanoma Response to BRAF Inhibition
Authors: Shi Hubing , Hong Aayoung , Kong Xiangju , Koya Richard C. , Song Chunying , Moriceau Gatien , Hugo Willy , Yu Clarissa C. , Ng Charles , Chodon Thinle , Scolyer Richard A. , Kefford Richard F. , Ribas Antoni , Long Georgina V. , Lo Roger S. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) therapy leads to remarkable anti melanoma responses, but the initial tumor shrinkage is commonly incomplete, providing a nidus for subsequent disease progression. Adaptive signaling may underlie early BRAFi resistance and influence the selection pattern for genetic variants, causing late, acquired resistance. We show here that BRAFi (or BRAFi + MEKi) therapy in patients frequently led to rebound phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) levels in their melanomas early on-treatment. In cell lines, BRAFi treatment led to rebound levels of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK; including PDGFRβ), phosphatidyl (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3), pleckstrin homology domain recruitment, and p-AKT. PTEN expression limited this BRAFi-elicited PI3K–AKT signaling, which could be rescued by the introduction of a mutant AKT1 (Q79K) known to confer acquired BRAFi resistance. Functionally, AKT1Q79K conferred BRAFi resistance via amplification of BRAFi-elicited PI3K–AKT signaling. In addition, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibition enhanced clonogenic growth dependency on PI3K or AKT. Thus, adaptive or genetic upregulation of AKT critically participates in melanoma survival during BRAFi therapy.
Significance: This study provides a mechanistic link between early, adaptive and late, acquired BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma, with early BRAFi-induced signaling alterations shaping the subsequent evolutionary selective pressure. These findings argue for upfront, combined targeting of the mutant BRAF genotype and a pervasive drug-adaptive, AKT-dependent tumor response. Cancer Discov; 4(1); 69–79. ©2013 AACR.
See related commentary by Solit and Rosen, p. 27
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Outcome of Standard and High-Risk Patients With Acute Anterior Circulation Stroke After Stent Retriever Thrombectomy
Authors: Gratz Pascal P. , Jung Simon , Schroth Gerhard , Gralla Jan , Mordasini Pasquale , Hsieh Kety , Heldner Mirjam R. , Mattle Heinrich P. , Mono Marie-Luise , Fischer Urs , Arnold Marcel , Zubler Christoph 
Published: November 2013

Background and Purpose—
Stent retrievers have become an important tool for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to analyze outcome and complications in a large cohort of patients with stroke treated with the Solitaire stent retriever. The study also included patients who did not meet standard inclusion criteria for endovascular treatment: low or high baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, ≥80 years of age, extensive ischemic signs in middle cerebral artery territory, and time from symptom onset to endovascular intervention >8 hours.

Methods—
Consecutive patients with acute anterior circulation stroke treated with the Solitaire FR were analyzed. Data on characteristics of endovascular interventions, complications, and clinical outcome were collected prospectively. Patients who met standard inclusion criteria were compared with those who did not.

Results—
A total of 227 patients were included. Mean age was 68.2±14.7 years, and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission was 16 (range, 2–36). Reperfusion was successful (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction, 2b–3) in 70.9%. Outcome was favorable (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2) in 57.7% of patients who met standard inclusion criteria and 30.3% of those who did not. The rates for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were 3.7% and 13.1%, for death 11.4% and 33.8%, and for symptomatic intraprocedural complications 2.5% and 4.8%, respectively.

Conclusions—
Patients <80 years of age, without extensive pretreatment ischemic signs, and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤30 had high rates of favorable outcome and low periprocedural complication rates after Solitaire thrombectomy. Successful reperfusion was also common in patients not fulfilling standard inclusion criteria, but worse clinical outcomes warrant further research with a special focus on optimal patient selection.
Shared Genetic Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Dichgans Martin , Malik Rainer , König Inke R. , Rosand Jonathan , Clarke Robert , Gretarsdottir Solveig , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Mitchell Braxton D. , Assimes Themistocles L. , Levi Christopher , O´Donnell Christopher J. , Fornage Myriam , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Psaty Bruce M. , Hengstenberg Christian , Seshadri Sudha , Erdmann Jeanette , Bis Joshua C. , Peters Annette , Boncoraglio Giorgio B. , März Winfried , Meschia James F. , Kathiresan Sekar , Ikram M. Arfan , McPherson Ruth , Stefansson Kari , Sudlow Cathie , Reilly Muredach P. , Thompson John R. , Sharma Pankaj , Hopewell Jemma C. , Chambers John C. , Watkins Hugh , Rothwell Peter M. , Roberts Robert , Markus Hugh S. , Samani Nilesh J. , Farrall Martin , Schunkert Heribert ,   Collaborators/second tier of authors:, Gschwendtner Andreas , Bevan Steve , Chen Yu-Ching , DeStefano Anita L. , Parati Eugenio A. , Quertermous Tom , Ziegler Andreas , Boerwinkle Eric , Holm Hilma , Fischer Marcus , Kessler Thorsten , Willenborg Christina , Laaksonen Reijo , Voight Benjamin F. , Stewart Alexandre F.R. , Rader Daniel J. , Hall Alistair S. , Kooner Jaspal S. 
Published: November 2013

Background and Purpose—
Ischemic stroke (IS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) share several risk factors and each has a substantial heritability. We conducted a genome-wide analysis to evaluate the extent of shared genetic determination of the two diseases.

Methods—

Genome-wide association data were obtained from the METASTROKE, Coronary Artery Disease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis (CARDIoGRAM), and Coronary Artery Disease (C4D) Genetics consortia. We first analyzed common variants reaching a nominal threshold of significance (
P
<0.01) for CAD for their association with IS and vice versa. We then examined specific overlap across phenotypes for variants that reached a high threshold of significance. Finally, we conducted a joint meta-analysis on the combined phenotype of IS or CAD. Corresponding analyses were performed restricted to the 2167 individuals with the ischemic large artery stroke (LAS) subtype.

Results—

Common variants associated with CAD at
P
<0.01 were associated with a significant excess risk for IS and for LAS and vice versa. Among the 42 known genome-wide significant loci for CAD, 3 and 5 loci were significantly associated with IS and LAS, respectively. In the joint meta-analyses, 15 loci passed genome-wide significance (
P
<5×10
−8
) for the combined phenotype of IS or CAD and 17 loci passed genome-wide significance for LAS or CAD. Because these loci had prior evidence for genome-wide significance for CAD, we specifically analyzed the respective signals for IS and LAS and found evidence for association at chr12q24/SH2B3 (
P
IS
=1.62×10
−7
) and ABO (
P
IS
=2.6×10
−4
), as well as at HDAC9 (
P
LAS
=2.32×10
−12
), 9p21 (
P
LAS
=3.70×10
−6
), RAI1-PEMT-RASD1 (
P
LAS
=2.69×10
−5
), EDNRA (
P
LAS
=7.29×10
−4
), and CYP17A1-CNNM2-NT5C2 (
P
LAS
=4.9×10
−4
).

Conclusions—
Our results demonstrate substantial overlap in the genetic risk of IS and particularly the LAS subtype with CAD.
Multiscale Interactions in an Idealized Walker Circulation: Mean Circulation and Intraseasonal Variability
Authors: Slawinska Joanna , Pauluis Olivier , Majda Andrew J. , Grabowski Wojciech W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA high-resolution cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulation is developed here for a two-dimensional Walker circulation over a planetary-scale domain of 40 000 km for an extended period of several hundred days. The Walker cell emerges as the time-averaged statistical steady state with a prescribed sinusoidal sea surface temperature (SST) pattern with a mean temperature of 301.15 K and a horizontal variation of 4 K. The circulation exhibits intraseasonal variability on a time scale of about 20 days with quasi-periodic intensification of the circulation and broadening of the convective regime. This variability is closely tied to synoptic-scale systems associated with expansion and contraction of the Walker circulation. An index for the low-frequency variability is developed using an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and by regressing various dynamic fields on this index. The low-frequency oscillation has four main stages: a suppressed stage with strengthened midlevel circulation, an intensification phase, an active phase with strong upper-level circulation, and a weakening phase. Various physical processes occurring at these stages are discussed as well as the impact of organized convective systems on the large-scale flow.
Estimating Global Ocean Heat Content Changes in the Upper 1800 m since 1950 and the Influence of Climatology Choice*
Authors: Lyman John M. , Johnson Gregory C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOcean heat content anomalies are analyzed from 1950 to 2011 in five distinct depth layers (0–100, 100–300, 300–700, 700–900, and 900–1800 m). These layers correspond to historic increases in common maximum sampling depths of ocean temperature measurements with time, as different instruments—mechanical bathythermograph (MBT), shallow expendable bathythermograph (XBT), deep XBT, early sometimes shallower Argo profiling floats, and recent Argo floats capable of worldwide sampling to 2000 m—have come into widespread use. This vertical separation of maps allows computation of annual ocean heat content anomalies and their sampling uncertainties back to 1950 while taking account of in situ sampling advances and changing sampling patterns. The 0–100-m layer is measured over 50% of the globe annually starting in 1956, the 100–300-m layer starting in 1967, the 300–700-m layer starting in 1983, and the deepest two layers considered here starting in 2003 and 2004, during the implementation of Argo. Furthermore, global ocean heat uptake estimates since 1950 depend strongly on assumptions made concerning changes in undersampled or unsampled ocean regions. If unsampled areas are assumed to have zero anomalies and are included in the global integrals, the choice of climatological reference from which anomalies are estimated can strongly influence the global integral values and their trend: the sparser the sampling and the bigger the mean difference between climatological and actual values, the larger the influence.