bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of flexor digitorum superficialis opponensplasty for Type II and IIIA thumb hypoplasia
Authors: de Kraker M. , Selles R. W. , Zuidam J. M. , Molenaar H. M. , Stam H. J. , Hovius S. E. 
Published: August 2015

This study reports on outcomes of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon transfer from the ring finger in Type II and IIIA hypoplastic thumbs. We included 22 patients with 27 involved hands: 16 Type II thumbs and five Type IIIA treated by transfer and six non-operated Type II thumbs. The outcomes were assessed by range of motion, strength, sensibility, joint stability and patient/parent satisfaction. Compared with normative data, the range of motion was diminished in all patient groups. Opposition strength in operated Type II thumbs was significantly better than in non-operated thumbs. Grip strength, pinch strength, tripod strength and key pinch strength were approximately 50% of normal in Type II thumbs and 35% in Type IIIA thumbs. Metacarpophalangeal joint stability was restored in all operated Type II thumbs and in 40% of Type IIIA thumbs. We conclude that the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon transfer of the ring finger is a good functioning opponensplasty in both Type II and IIIA thumbs. The transfer provides excellent stability of the metacarpophalangeal joint in Type II thumbs. Level of Evidence: Level IV
Evaluation of Intradermal and Subcutaneous Infusion Set Performance Under 24-Hour Basal and Bolus Conditions
Authors: McVey Elaine , Keith Steven , Herr Joshua K. , Sutter Diane , Pettis Ronald J. 
Published: August 2015

Background: This study sought to assess the function and delivery reliability of intradermal (ID) infusion sets used with commercial insulin pumps. Method: Healthy subjects (n = 43) were randomized to either ID or subcutaneous (SC) arms, and received basal/bolus placebo delivery for 24 hours. Subjects received 4 of 8 infusion set combinations (ID: microneedle design A or B, with 2 pump brands [Animas or MiniMed]; SC: Teflon Quickset or steel Rapid-D, Animas pump only, with or without overtaping) and were evaluated for pump occlusion alarms, fluid leakage, pain, and tissue tolerability. A novel algorithm was developed to determine flow consistency based on fluid pressure, and the duration and occurrence rate for periods of unalarmed but interrupted flow (“silent occlusions’”) were compared. Results: ID delivery was successfully maintained over the 24-hour infusion period. The number of silent occlusions was lower for ID microneedle cannula design B than A ( P < .01) and lower for Rapid-D SC device compared to Quick-set ( P = .03). There was no significant difference in the number of occlusion alarms between the ID and SC devices with the Animas pump. However, the pumps tested with ID devices had significantly different alarm rates (MiniMed 29.5%, Animas 0%, P < .001). Leakage and tissue tolerability were comparable across devices. Conclusion: The ID infusion set reliably delivered diluent for an extended 24-hour period in healthy subjects and was well tolerated. Silent occlusion flow interruptions could be detected in both ID and SC infusion sets using a proprietary algorithm. This algorithm is a promising method for quantitatively evaluating infusion set flow performance.
How to Deal With Chronic Patellar Instability
Authors: Sanchis-Alfonso Vicente 
Published: August 2015

Context: Patellar instability is a common clinical problem, affecting between 7 and 49 people per 100,000. However, not all patellar instabilities are equal, the etiology of the disorder is multifactorial, and a clear understanding of the cause of instability is crucial for appropriate surgical treatment. The goal of this article is to identify how to best treat patellar instability to provide good outcomes and hopefully prevent future osteoarthritis. Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed search from 1983 through May 2015. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Several subpopulations of patients with chronic patellar instability exist: (1) lateral patellar instability during the early arc of knee flexion (0°-30°), (2) lateral patellar instability persisting beyond 30° of knee flexion, (3) lateral patellar instability in greater knee flexion, and (4) medial patellar instability. In patients with lateral instability during the early arc of knee flexion, the medial patellofemoral deficiency is the essential lesion. Persistent instability beyond 30° of knee flexion suggests an unusually high patella, severe trochlear dysplasia, pathologic increment of the tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove distance, or a combination of these factors. In patients with lateral instability in greater knee flexion, increasing and unbalanced tension in the extensors pulls the patella out of the groove as the knee is flexed. Finally, medial patellar instability is an objective iatrogenic condition that appears after realignment surgery in the vast majority of cases. Conclusion: The etiology of chronic patellar instability is multifactorial, and its treatment must therefore be personalized. Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): B.
Retention in Care of HIV-Positive Postpartum Females in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Reece Rebecca , Norman Betty , Kwara Awewura , Flanigan Timothy , Rana Aadia 
Published: August 2015

Background: Despite the success of prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs, transition to care in the postpartum period is vulnerable to being lost to care. Methods: The authors performed a 2-year retrospective study of postpartum HIV-infected patients at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana. The outcome was classified as optimal follow-up, suboptimal follow-up, and loss to follow-up (LTFU). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with optimal retention. Results: Follow-up was optimal in 66%, suboptimal in 16%, and LTFU in 18% of patients. The rate of LTFU was 22% among women diagnosed at pregnancy and 13% among those with known HIV diagnosis ( P = .078). Adherence counseling (odds ratio [OR] 5.0, confidence interval [CI] 1.6-15.7; P = .006) and family planning (FP; OR 2.3, CI 1.0-5.3; P = .041) were predictive of optimal follow-up. Conclusion: At 1 year, only two-thirds of postpartum women remained in care. Investigating barriers to adherence counseling and FP may impact engagement in care among HIV-infected women.
CD9, a key actor in the dissemination of lymphoblastic leukemia, modulating CXCR4-mediated migration via RAC1 signaling
Authors: Arnaud Marie-Pierre , Vallée Audrey , Robert Guillaume , Bonneau Jacinthe , Leroy Christine , Varin-Blank Nadine , Rio Anne-Gaëlle , Troadec Marie-Bérengère , Galibert Marie-Dominique , Gandemer Virginie 
Published: August 2015

Key PointsCD9 expression enhances the CXCL12-induced migration of pre-B leukemic lymphocytes via RAC1 signaling. CD9 influences the chemotactic migration and engraftment of pre-B leukemic cells in NOD/SCID mouse testis.
The role of T cells in the microenvironment of Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Wein Frederik , Küppers Ralf 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The cellular microenvironment in HL is dominated by a mixed infiltrate of inflammatory cells with typically only 1 or a few percent of HRS tumor cells. HRS cells orchestrate this infiltrate by the secretion of a multitude of chemokines. T cells are usually the largest population of cells in the HL tissue, encompassing Th cells, Tregs, and CTLs. Th cells and Tregs presumably provide essential survival signals for the HRS cells, and the Tregs also play an important role in rescuing HRS cells from an attack by CTLs and NK cells. The interference with this complex interplay of HRS cells with other immune cells in the microenvironment may provide novel strategies for targeted immunotherapies.
Chick embryo xenograft model reveals a novel perineural niche for human adipose-derived stromal cells
Authors: Cordeiro Ingrid R. , Lopes Daiana V. , Abreu José G. , Carneiro Katia , Rossi Maria I. D. , Brito José M. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTHuman adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSC) are a heterogeneous cell population that contains adult multipotent stem cells. Although it is well established that hADSC have skeletal potential in vivo in adult organisms, in vitro assays suggest further differentiation capacity, such as into glia. Thus, we propose that grafting hADSC into the embryo can provide them with a much more instructive microenvironment, allowing the human cells to adopt diverse fates or niches. Here, hADSC spheroids were grafted into either the presumptive presomitic mesoderm or the first branchial arch (BA1) regions of chick embryos. Cells were identified without previous manipulations via human-specific Alu probes, which allows efficient long-term tracing of heterogeneous primary cultures. When grafted into the trunk, in contrast to previous studies, hADSC were not found in chondrogenic or osteogenic territories up to E8. Surprisingly, 82.5% of the hADSC were associated with HNK1+ tissues, such as peripheral nerves. Human skin fibroblasts showed a smaller tropism for nerves. In line with other studies, hADSC also adopted perivascular locations. When grafted into the presumptive BA1, 74.6% of the cells were in the outflow tract, the final goal of cardiac neural crest cells, and were also associated with peripheral nerves. This is the first study showing that hADSC could adopt a perineural niche in vivo and were able to recognize cues for neural crest cell migration of the host. Therefore, we propose that xenografts of human cells into chick embryos can reveal novel behaviors of heterogeneous cell populations, such as response to migration cues.
Class 3 semaphorins negatively regulate dermal lymphatic network formation
Authors: Uchida Yutaka , James Jennifer M. , Suto Fumikazu , Mukouyama Yoh-suke 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe development of a patterned lymphatic vascular network is essential for proper lymphatic functions during organ development and homeostasis. Here we report that class 3 semaphorins (SEMA3s), SEMA3F and SEMA3G negatively regulate lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) growth and sprouting to control dermal lymphatic network formation. Neuropilin2 (NRP2) functions as a receptor for SEMA3F and SEMA3G, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC). In culture, Both SEMA3F and SEMA3G inhibit VEGFC-mediated sprouting and proliferation of human dermal LECs. In the developing mouse skin, Sema3f is expressed in the epidermis and Sema3g expression is restricted to arteries, whereas their receptor Nrp2 is preferentially expressed by lymphatic vessels. Both Sema3f;Sema3g double mutants and Nrp2 mutants exhibit increased LEC growth in the skin. In contrast, Sema3f;Sema3g double mutants display increased lymphatic branching, while Nrp2 mutants exhibit reduced lymphatic branching. A targeted mutation in PlexinA1 or PlexinA2, signal transducers forming a receptor complex with NRP2 for SEMA3s, exhibits an increase in LEC growth and lymphatic branching as observed in Sema3f;Sema3g double mutants. Our results provide the first evidence that SEMA3F and SEMA3G function as a negative regulator for dermal lymphangiogenesis in vivo. The reciprocal phenotype in lymphatic branching between Sema3f;Sema3g double mutants and Nrp2 mutants suggest a complex NRP2 function that regulates LEC behavior both positively and negatively, through a binding with VEGFC or SEMA3s.
The evolution of the dystroglycan complex, a major mediator of muscle integrity
Authors: Adams Josephine C. , Brancaccio Andrea 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBasement membrane (BM) extracellular matrices are crucial for the coordination of different tissue layers. A matrix adhesion receptor that is important for BM function and stability in many mammalian tissues is the dystroglycan (DG) complex. This comprises the non-covalently-associated extracellular α-DG, that interacts with laminin in the BM, and the transmembrane β-DG, that interacts principally with dystrophin to connect to the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in dystrophin, DG, or several enzymes that glycosylate α-DG underlie severe forms of human muscular dystrophy. Nonwithstanding the pathophysiological importance of the DG complex and its fundamental interest as a non-integrin system of cell-ECM adhesion, the evolution of DG and its interacting proteins is not understood. We analysed the phylogenetic distribution of DG, its proximal binding partners and key processing enzymes in extant metazoan and relevant outgroups. We identify that DG originated after the divergence of ctenophores from porifera and eumetazoa. The C-terminal half of the DG core protein is highly-conserved, yet the N-terminal region, that includes the laminin-binding region, has undergone major lineage-specific divergences. Phylogenetic analysis based on the C-terminal IG2_MAT_NU region identified three distinct clades corresponding to deuterostomes, arthropods, and mollusks/early-diverging metazoans. Whereas the glycosyltransferases that modify α-DG are also present in choanoflagellates, the DG-binding proteins dystrophin and laminin originated at the base of the metazoa, and DG-associated sarcoglycan is restricted to cnidarians and bilaterians. These findings implicate extensive functional diversification of DG within invertebrate lineages and identify the laminin-DG-dystrophin axis as a conserved adhesion system that evolved subsequent to integrin-ECM adhesion, likely to enhance the functional complexity of cell-BM interactions in early metazoans.
YouTube as a virtual springboard: Circumventing gender dynamics in offline and online metal music careers
Authors: Berkers Pauwke , Schaap Julian 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Studies have shown that learning to play in a band is largely a peer-based – rather than individual – experience, shaped by existing sex-segregated friendship networks. With the rise of the Internet and do-it-yourself recording techniques, new possibilities have emerged for music production and distribution. As male-dominated offline metal scenes are often difficult to enter for aspiring female metal musicians, online participation might serve as a possibility to circumvent these gender dynamics. This article therefore addresses to what extent female and male musicians navigate online metal scenes differently, and how this relates to the gender dynamics in offline metal scenes. By conducting ten in-depth interviews with women and men who produce vocal covers on YouTube, this article focuses on the understudied relationship between online and offline scene participation. Vocal covers are used for entertainment, skill development, online skill recognition and as a virtual springboard with which women in particular can (partially) circumvent gender inequality by allowing them to (initially) participate as individuals and pursue musical careers in metal music.
The ‘other’ as projection screen: Authenticating heroic masculinity in war-themed heavy metal music videos
Authors: Kartheus Wiebke 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article tries to come to terms with Islamophobia as an undercurrent of US culture, heavy metal’s notions of masculinity and authenticity, and the ways in which these two seemingly separate issues intersect in war-themed music videos. By analyzing the official music videos of Metallica’s ‘The Day That Never Comes’ and Lamb of God’s ‘11th Hour’, I will illustrate how the Arab or Muslim ‘other’ is used as a trope to affirm genre-specific notions of masculinity and authenticity. In support of my reading, and to help understand the ways in which music videos are used to communicate with a broader audience, the formal features of the medium will be investigated. Focusing on the structure of my chosen examples and on the way in which meaning-making processes are shaped and perceived by a knowledgeable, pre-informed audience, offers a new perspective to scrutinize the cultural impact of Islamophobic sentiments and shows that they found their way from the mainstream into heavy metal counter-cultures.
‘O body swayed to music’: The allure of Jacqueline du Pré as spectacle and drama
Authors: Curtin Adrian 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The allure of the British cellist Jacqueline du Pré (1945–1987) is the subject of this article, which examines the spectacle of her playing and the drama of her biography. What motivated the popular and critical responses to du Pré as a performer? What can accounts and depictions of her tell us about how the public personae of classical musicians, and especially female classical musicians, have been constructed? Du Pré’s career and legacy provide insight into multiple discourses including celebrity, classical music, gender, social propriety and disability. I query the operation of apparently ‘extra-musical’ significations that become attached to musicians and affect how they are perceived and understood, both in their lifetimes and afterward. I correlate various accounts of du Pré, drawing on newspaper reviews and magazine articles, observations made by those who knew her, audio-visual documentation and dramatizations of her life – principally the biopic Hilary and Jackie, directed by Anand Tucker (1999). I analyse how du Pré was characterized in dramatic form and portrayed on film. I argue that her persona is multi-layered, collectively authored, and informed by her gender, performance style, and artistic interpretations (or distortions) of her biography. Furthermore, I propose that du Pré’s allure highlights the fascination and anxieties the cello can provoke as a potentially sensual, erotically charged musical instrument.
Gluck the modernist: Pierre Audi’s production of the Iphigénie operas
Authors: Ewans Michael 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article examines the productions of Gluck’s Iphigénie en Aulide (1774) and Iphigénie en Tauride (1779), which Pierre Audi staged in Amsterdam in 2011; they were released as a set of two DVDs in 2013. These productions present a radical new vision of Gluck’s last Greek-based operas; far from their being works of neo-classical serenity, Audi encourages us to read them as startlingly modernist psychological dramas of an intensity which is far ahead of its time, and suggests that they are true precursors of Strauss’ Elektra (1909) and Henze’s The Bassarids (1966). The argument is grounded in detailed analysis of Audi’s staging of several crucial scenes in each opera, with particular attention to the two Finales, in which Audi opposes the lieto fine that French operatic convention forced Gluck to adopt.
Memories that remain: Mamma Mia! and the disruptive potential of nostalgia
Authors: Graber Naomi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The creators of Mamma Mia! use the music of the 1970s pop group ABBA to create a cheeky response to the postfeminist culture of the 1990s and 2000s. Although most nostalgic culture of that era indicates a yearning for a prefeminist era, by reimaging the culture of the 1970s – the heyday of women’s liberation – the show evinces a nostalgia for the feminist sisterhood of pre-Reagan years, harnessing an emotion normally put to conservative purposes for a progressive cause. The focus on three over-40 female leads who are professional, sexual and unashamed of their feminist pasts, Mamma Mia! participates in ongoing conversations about single motherhood and ageing female bodies within a culture that implicitly holds women increasingly responsible for providing pleasant domestic experiences and pleasing appearances within traditional patriarchical family structures.
Angels talking back and new organs of perception: Art-making and intentionality in nature experience1
Authors: Boeckel Jan van 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article focuses on the role of the artistic process in connecting to the natural environment. In my research I have explored what participants experience and learn when they engage in different types of arts-based environmental education (AEE) practices that I have facilitated. The premise of AEE is that efforts to learn about our (natural) environment can effectively take their starting point in an artistic activity, usually conducted in groups. I found that, on the whole, two major orientations can be distinguished. One starts from the point of aesthetic sensibility: the tuning in with the senses, or with ‘a new organ of perception’ (Goethe), in order to perceive ‘the more than human’ with fresh new eyes. This tradition can be traced back (but is by no means limited) to the Romantic Movement. Art in this context may help to amplify the receptivity of the senses and strengthen a sense of connectedness to the natural world. The other major orientation in seeking bridges between nature and art builds on a view of artistic process as leading to unexpected outcomes and ‘emergent properties’. The fundamentally singular experience of making a work of art may evoke an aesthetic object that becomes a ‘self-sufficient, spiritually breathing subject’ (Kandinsky). The artwork can be spontaneously generative and multilayered with meanings, some of which may even be ambiguous and paradoxical. But perhaps more importantly: it can catch the participant of an AEE activity by surprise, overwhelm him or her as ‘coming from behind one’s back’. The element of improvisation, of taking in the new and unanticipated and accommodating for it, is the core quality here. These two orientations, when practiced as part of AEE, have implications on how we relate to nature through art. In the closing of this article I address the question of whether it is possible to bridge the dualism between the two orientations.
From numbers to discourse and action: Visualizing meaning through data as it happens
Authors: Funk Clayton , Castro Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The use of data to influence decisions has become near ubiquitous in fields from education to public policy. It has become an instrument to confer validation to policy crafted by those in power. New initiatives to make data widely available have led to new strategies for interpreting and representing derived meaning. Data visualization is one method of interpreting vast amounts of numerical data organized in tabular form. In post-industrialized American culture, having more is often considered as being better than less, but new ways to use macro ideas, termed ‘data visualizations’, can inform individual narratives with other qualities. We illustrate these qualities with data visualizations of cultural phenomena and real-time mapping of the We Are Data (WAD) website to show immediate meaning and emotional response in relationships that emerge in virtual locations. Visualized data, we argue, can provide an event in which one’s preconceived interpretations can either be confirmed or called into question quickly and visually, and as a result, new knowledge emerges.
Art and institutions of power: Fernando Sanchez Castillo’s Arquitectura para el Caballo
Authors: Gessert Rebecca 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article models the practice of connecting an artwork to politics, economics, current events and social theory. Basic pictorial elements of Fernando Sanchez Castillo’s short colour video Arquitectura para el Caballo (2002) are discussed in a Marxist framework as representations of capitalist ideology. The article supports the relevancy of Castillo Sanchez’s work in the context of recent anti-austerity protests in Spain, surveys other works by Castillo for themes of power, riot and suppression of riot, briefly discusses architecture and its role in controlling human behaviour and relates Arquitectura to questions surrounding the role higher education plays in supporting capitalist ideology. In the end, the article concludes that Castillo’s work predominantly functions to critically spotlight the normalization of institutions like riot police and the educational system.