bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homogenization and Assessment of Observed Near-Surface Wind Speed Trends over Spain and Portugal, 1961–2011*
Authors: Azorin-Molina Cesar , Vicente-Serrano Sergio M. , McVicar Tim R. , Jerez Sonia , Sanchez-Lorenzo Arturo , López-Moreno Juan-I. , Revuelto Jesus , Trigo Ricardo M. , Lopez-Bustins Joan A. , Espírito-Santo Fátima 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Near-surface wind speed trends recorded at 67 land-based stations across Spain and Portugal for 1961–2011, also focusing on the 1979–2008 subperiod, were analyzed. Wind speed series were subjected to quality control, reconstruction, and homogenization using a novel procedure that incorporated the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5)-simulated series as reference. The resultant series show a slight downward trend for both 1961–2011 (−0.016 m s−1 decade−1) and 1979–2008 (−0.010 m s−1 decade−1). However, differences between seasons with declining values in winter and spring, and increasing trends in summer and autumn, were observed. Even though wind stilling affected 77.8% of the stations in winter and 66.7% in spring, only roughly 40% of the declining trends were statistically significant at the p &lt; 0.10 level. On the contrary, increasing trends appeared in 51.9% of the stations in summer and 57.4% in autumn, with also around 40% of the positive trends statistically significant at the p &lt; 0.10 level. In this article, the authors also investigated (i) the possible impact of three atmospheric indices on the observed trends and (ii) the role played by the urbanization growth in the observed decline. An accurate homogenization and assessment of the long-term trends of wind speed is crucial for many fields such as wind energy (e.g., power generation) and agriculture–hydrology (e.g., evaporative demand).
Status migrainosus and migraine aura status in a French tertiary-care center: An 11-year retrospective analysis
Authors: Beltramone Marion , Donnet Anne 
Published: February 2014

Background Status migrainosus (SM) and migraine aura status (MAS) are two migraine complications. Few data exist in literature. Methods This 11-year retrospective study in one French center describes patients’ characteristics, modifications of the migraine before complication, evolution after the episode and management in patients who had SM or MAS according to International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition (ICHD-II) criteria. Results Among 8821 patients, 24 had SM, three had MAS and one had both forms. Mean duration of SM was 4.8 weeks and four weeks for MAS. Stress and menstruation were the main precipitating factors for SM (68.8% and 31.3%, respectively). No precipitating factor was found for MAS. For a majority of patients, the frequency of migraine attack was the same before and after SM or MAS. SM and MAS occurred more frequently in patients with initial low-frequency migraine attacks. Eight patients had a relapse of SM and three of MAS. Fifteen were hospitalized for amitriptyline intravenous treatment. Conclusions SM and MAS are rare. Our results highlight a high rate of relapse and a similar frequency of migraine attacks before and after SM.
Do high risk patients alter their lifestyle to reduce risk of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Tarr Gregory P , Crowley Andrew , John Rhys , Kok Jonathan B , Lee Ho-Nam L , Mustafa Hasif , Sii Kia M , Smith Rebecca , Son Sung-Eun Q , Weaver Lauren J , Cameron Claire , Dockerty John D , Schultz Michael , Murray Iain A 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) may be reduced by healthy lifestyle behaviours. We determined the extent of self-reported lifestyle changes in people at increased risk of CRC, and the association of these reports with anxiety, risk and knowledge-based variables.MethodsWe randomly selected 250 participants who had undergone surveillance colonoscopy for family history of CRC. A telephone interview was conducted, recording demographics and family history. Self-reported lifestyle change due to thoughts about CRC across a range of dietary and lifestyle variables was assessed on a four-point scale. Participants’ perceptions of the following were recorded: risk factor knowledge, personal risk, and worry due to family history. General anxiety was assessed using the GAD-7 scale. Ordinal logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted results.ResultsThere were 148 participants (69% response). 79.7% reported at least one healthy change. Change in diet and physical activity were most frequently reported (fiber, 63%; fruit and vegetables, 54%; red meat, 47%; physical activity, 45%), with consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and body weight less likely (tobacco, 25%; alcohol, 26%; weight 31%). People were more likely to report healthy change with lower levels of generalized anxiety, higher worry due to family history, or greater perceived knowledge of CRC risk factors. Risk perception and risk due to family history were not associated with healthy changes.ConclusionsSelf-reported lifestyle changes due to thoughts about CRC were common. Lower general anxiety levels, worries due to family history, and perceived knowledge of risk factors may stimulate healthy changes.
Wiman’s formula for a second order dynamic equation
Authors: Erbe Lynn , Hovhannisyan Gro , Peterson Alan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We derive Wiman’s asymptotic formula for the number of generalized zeros of (nontrivial) solutions of a second order dynamic equation on a time scale. The proof is based on the asymptotic representation of solutions via exponential functions on a time scale. By using the Jeffreys et al. approximation we prove Wiman’s formula for a dynamic equation on a time scale. Further we show that using the Hartman-Wintner approximation one can derive another version of Wiman’s formula. We also prove some new oscillation theorems and discuss the results by means of several examples.

MSC:34E20, 34N05.
Engrailed2 modulates cerebellar granule neuron precursor proliferation, differentiation and insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling during postnatal development
Authors: Rossman Ian T , Lin Lulu , Morgan Katherine M , DiGiovine Marissa , Van Buskirk Elise K , Kamdar Silky , Millonig James H , DiCicco-Bloom Emanuel 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
The homeobox transcription factor Engrailed2 (En2) has been studied extensively in neurodevelopment, particularly in the midbrain/hindbrain region and cerebellum, where it exhibits dynamic patterns of expression and regulates cell patterning and morphogenesis. Because of its roles in regulating cerebellar development and evidence of cerebellar pathology in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we previously examined an ENGRAILED2 association and found evidence to support EN2 as a susceptibility gene, a finding replicated by several other investigators. However, its functions at the cell biological level remain undefined. In the mouse, En2 gene is expressed in granule neuron precursors (GNPs) just as they exit the cell cycle and begin to differentiate, raising the possibility that En2 may modulate these developmental processes.

Methods
To define En2 functions, we examined proliferation, differentiation and signaling pathway activation in En2 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) GNPs in response to a variety of extracellular growth factors and following En2 cDNA overexpression in cell culture. In vivo analyses of cerebellar GNP proliferation as well as responses to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) treatment were also conducted.

Results
Proliferation markers were increased in KO GNPs in vivo and in 24-h cultures, suggesting En2 normally serves to promote cell cycle exit. Significantly, IGF1 stimulated greater DNA synthesis in KO than WT cells in culture, a finding associated with markedly increased phospho-S6 kinase activation. Similarly, there was three-fold greater DNA synthesis in the KO cerebellum in response to IGF1 in vivo. On the other hand, KO GNPs exhibited reduced neurite outgrowth and differentiation. Conversely, En2 overexpression increased cell cycle exit and promoted neuronal differentiation.

Conclusions
In aggregate, our observations suggest that the ASD-associated gene En2 promotes GNP cell cycle exit and differentiation, and modulates IGF1 activity during postnatal cerebellar development. Thus, genetic/epigenetic alterations of EN2 expression may impact proliferation, differentiation and IGF1 signaling as possible mechanisms that may contribute to ASD pathogenesis.
Institutional barriers and job creation in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Cuaresma Jesús Crespo , Oberhofer Harald , Vincelette Gallina A 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Using information from the Amadeus dataset and the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey, we provide an empirical investigation of the industry and firm-specific determinants of the intensive margin (i.e., within existing firms) job creation process in eleven Central and Eastern European economies during the period 2002–2009. Our results indicate that during the years prior to the global financial crisis, traditional industries were crucial for the net intensive margin creation of jobs in the region but, by contrast, services firms were less vulnerable to the economic downturn. At the firm level, small and young already existing firms and subsidiaries of multinational corporate groups tended to register the highest employment growth rates. The empirical results also indicate that more productive surviving firms tended to be less vulnerable to the economic downturns in terms of employment change. The perceived quality of the business climate by enterprises of the region is robustly correlated with intensive margin employment growth both before and during the recent global financial crisis. Interestingly, the best performing surviving firms are estimated to be most negatively affected by a poor business environment. Institutional barriers thus appear as an important factor hampering firm growth in Central and Eastern Europe. These findings hold for the group of high-growth surviving firms (gazelles) that disproportionately accounted for the creation of new jobs in these economies.

JEL classification

L16; L21; L25; L51; L53
The role of thoracic epidural anesthesia in severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Harper Daniel , McNaught Clare E 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn animal studies of severe acute pancreatitis, thoracic epidural anesthesia appears to enhance the splanchnic circulation, improve end-organ perfusion, and favorably influence mortality. The application of thoracic epidurals in the critically ill human patient is less clear. Methodological difficulties in reliably assessing mesenteric flow have hampered progress, and clinical concerns surrounding this potentially attractive therapeutic modality remain unanswered. Future research needs to focus on the impact of epidural anesthesia on basic human physiological pmeters to help direct further randomized studies in human disease.
Denervation atrophy is independent from Akt and mTOR activation and is not rescued by myostatin inhibition
Authors: MacDonald Elizabeth M. , Andres-Mateos Eva , Mejias Rebeca , Simmers Jessica L. , Mi Ruifa , Park Jae-Sung , Ying Stephanie , Hoke Ahmet , Lee Se-Jin , Cohn Ronald D. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The purpose of our study was to compare two acquired muscle atrophies and the use of myostatin inhibition for their treatment. Myostatin naturally inhibits skeletal muscle growth by binding to the ActRIIB receptor on the cell surface of myofibers. Because blocking myostatin in an adult wild-type mouse induces profound muscle hypertrophy, we applied a soluble ActRIIB receptor to models of disuse (limb immobilization) and denervation (sciatic nerve resection) atrophy. We found that treatment of immobilized mice with ActRIIB prevented the loss of muscle mass observed in placebo treated mice. Our results suggest that this protection from disuse atrophy is regulated by SGK instead of Akt. Denervation atrophy, however, was not protected by ActRIIB treatment, yet resulted in an upregulation of the pro-growth factors Akt, SGK, and components of the mTOR pathway. We then treated the denervated mice with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and found that despite a reduction in mTOR activation, there is no alteration of the atrophy phenotype. Additionally, rapamycin prevented the denervation-induced upregulation of the mTORC2 substrates Akt and SGK. Thus, our studies show that denervation atrophy is not only independent from Akt, SGK, and mTOR activation but also has a different underlying pathophysiological mechanism than disuse atrophy.
Negativity towards negative results: a discussion of the disconnect between scientific worth and scientific culture
Authors: Matosin Natalie , Frank Elisabeth , Engel Martin , Lum Jeremy S. , Newell Kelly A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Science is often romanticised as a flawless system of knowledge building, where scientists work together to systematically find answers. In reality, this is not always the case. Dissemination of results are straightforward when the findings are positive, but what happens when you obtain results that support the null hypothesis, or do not fit with the current scientific thinking? In this Editorial, we discuss the issues surrounding publication bias and the difficulty in communicating negative results. Negative findings are a valuable component of the scientific literature because they force us to critically evaluate and validate our current thinking, and fundamentally move us towards unabridged science.
Electrochemical Activity Imaging of Enzymes Immobilized on Substrates Based on a Bio-LSI System
Authors: Hokuto Toshiki , Yasukawa Tomoyuki , Kunikata Ryota , Suda Atsushi , Inoue Kumi Y , Matsue Tomokazu , Mizutani Fumio 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The activities of glucose oxidase (GOx) and lactate oxidase (LOx) immobilized on a substrate were obtained as images of oxidation currents of H2O2 using a Bio-LSI system. In the presence of appropriate substrates, the image of the enzyme appeared as lines with a high oxidation current. The time required to obtain the current image was 10 s, a significant decrease from the time required by the scanning method with a miniaturized probe.
The Optional Preference? American Catholic Economic Advocacy and the Culture Wars
Authors: Buckley David T. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHas the Catholic preferential option for the poor become an optional preference in contemporary American Catholic advocacy? If so, why? Commentators on both the left and the right agree that the “culture wars,” particularly over abortion access, have come to trump economic advocacy among American Catholics. In the following, I refine this claim, testing several mechanisms by which the culture wars could have influenced Catholic economic advocacy. Evidence is strongest that the culture wars have mattered in three ways: shaping organizational politics within the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, driving polarization among Catholic civil society organizations, and generating blowback among Catholics in the pews to the infusion of religion into politics. However, the culture wars have not fundamentally changed Catholic theology of the economy or eliminated traditional Catholic advocates for progressive economic policy. After documenting evidence of these effects, the piece closes with implications for the likelihood of a “Francis effect” on American Catholic economic advocacy.
Catholic Politics in the United States: Challenges in the Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Jelen Ted G. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThroughout the history of the US, the Catholic Church has occupied a variety of political roles. This essay identifies three distinctive periods of Catholic politics: An era in which US Catholicism represented a primarily “immigrant” church (approximately from the mid-19th century to World War II), a period of assimilation and acculturation (roughly 1945–1980), and a period of integration into the dominant partisan and ideological cleavages of American politics (approximately 1980 to the present). Each of these eras was characterized by a distinctive pattern of interaction among the American Catholic laity, the organized Roman Catholic hierarchy in the US, and the Vatican.
Rutin rich Emblica officinalis Geart. fruit extract ameliorates inflammation in the pancreas of rats subjected to alcohol and cerulein administration
Authors: Aruna Ravikumar , Geetha Arumugam , Suguna Periyanayagam , Suganya Vijayashankar 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background: The modulating effect of methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (MEEO) on ethanol (EtOH)- and cerulein (Cer)-induced pancreatitis in rats was investigated in this study.

Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 and 2 rats served as control and fed normal diet. Group 3 and 4 rats were fed isocalorically adjusted diet containing EtOH (36% of total calories) for 5 weeks and also subjected to intraperitoneal injection of Cer 20 µg/kg b.wt. thrice weekly for the last 3 weeks of the experimental period. In addition, group 2 and 4 rats received 200 mg/kg b.wt. of MEEO from 15th day till the experimental period. Serum levels of lipase (L), amylase (A), cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1 and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined. Levels of fecal trypsin, total collagen, caspase-1, myeloperoxidase (MPO), antioxidants and mRNA expression of caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were determined in the pancreas.

Results: HPLC analysis showed the presence of rutin in MEEO. We observed a significant elevation in serum L/A ratio, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, OSI, collagen, MPO activity and the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1 and significant reduction in fecal trypsin and antioxidant status in EtOH- and Cer-administered rats. The inflammatory markers were found to be reduced and the antioxidant status of pancreas was maintained in MEEO-coadministered rats.

Conclusions: The rutin rich nature of E. officinalis can be claimed for its anti-inflammatory and pancreato protective effects.
Application of Photochemistry in Synthesis of Smart Nanocomposite Hydrogels
Authors: Arndt Karl-Friedrich , Ferse Bernhard , Oelsner Nikos 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Hydrogels are cross-linked, water-soluble polymers which are swollen
in water or in aqueous solution. Some of these hydrogels (smart
hydrogels) show a drastic change of their properties, particularly the
degree of swelling and the modulus, in dependence on the properties
(temperature, pH, ionic strength, and composition) of the swelling
agent. The application of smart gels requires a defined and fast swell
kinetic. Therefore, there is an interest in the synthesis of thin
patterned films with good mechanical performance. Photolithography is
a powerful method to synthesize films and pattern in the
μm-range. Nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels exhibit excellent
mechanical properties, even in the swollen state. The photochemical
reaction may be stopped easily by switching off the light source. This
allows characterizing the structure of molecules formed during the
reaction. On example of synthesis of nanocomposite hydrogels the
monitoring of photochemical induced network formation by dynamic light
scattering is demonstrated. Application relevant properties of NC-gels
and the phase diagram are reported. Gels were patterned by UV
irradiation through a mask. The patterning process is visualized by
FT-IR imaging.
Thermoresponsive Core-Shell Microgels. Synthesis and Characterisation
Authors: Balaceanu Andreea , Verkh Yaroslav , Kehren Dominic , Tillmann Walter , Pich Andrij 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Thermoresponsive microgels based on poly(N-vinylcaprolactam),
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide)
with core-shell morphology were synthesized by two-step seed
precipitation polymerisation. The microgel shell thickness was
controlled by increasing the monomer amount added to the core seed
during the second polymerisation step. 1H nuclear magnetic
resonance and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the real molar
ratio between the components of core and shell. The volume phase
temperature transition of microgels was investigated with dynamic
light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry. The influence
that the intrinsic critical solution temperature of the core and shell
polymers has on the volume phase transition temperature of the
microgels is discussed.
Fluorescent Nanocrystals for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Weller Horst , Ostermann Johannes , Schmidtke Christian , Kloust Hauke 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We report on fluorescence quenching experiments of CdSe quantum dots,
which were encapsulated for biocompatibility using different
strategies. Since their fluorescence is very sensitive against water
and other quenching molecules reaching their surface, quenching
experiments allow conclusions on particle shielding towards the
surrounding medium. It turns out that best shielded particles with
comparable chemical composition of their ligand shell have also
outstanding properties in respect of undesired unspecific cellular
uptake.
Régi Kövek, Régi Könyvek A Budai Krónika Jankovich-Példánya és az Egyetemi Könyvtár régi kőgyűjteménye
Authors: Farkas Gábor Farkas , Mikó Árpád 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The provenance of several stone carvings thought to have belonged among the renaissance carved stones of King Matthias Corvinus' Buda palace is uncertain. A huge gable field with a coat of arms and a monumental inscribed tablet came to the collection of the Hungarian National Museum in 1874. Earlier, they adorned the old building of the University Library — the convent of the Franciscans of Pest — but it has not been clarified yet how they had got there. This time, sources have been found about their transfer into the National Museum. They were involved in an exchange: for the carved stones (some Roman ones as well in addition to the renaissance stones) that were extracted when the old library building was pulled down, the University Library received the second copy of Chronica Hungarorum (Buda, Andreas Hess, 1473), the first book printed in Hungary preserved in the National Széchényi Library. This copy of the Chronicle has permanently been in Hungary and eventually got into the National Museum and the Library together with the collection of Miklós Jankovich, the great art collector. It was part of a colligatum containing Caius Julius Caesar's De bello Gallico, which — to a superficial observer — might also have been taken for a product of the Hess printing office. From the colligatum (adorned with a late medieval Hungarian book cover) the Hess incunabulum was removed and given to the University Library together with another four old books printed in Hungary.