bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing New Oral Anticoagulants in the Perioperative and Intensive Care Unit Setting
Authors: Levy Jerrold H. , Faraoni David , Spring Jenna L. , Douketis James D. , Samama Charles M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Managing patients in the perioperative setting receiving novel oral anticoagulation agents for thromboprophylaxis or stroke prevention with atrial fibrillation is an important consideration for clinicians. The novel oral anticoagulation agents include direct Factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban and apixaban, and the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. In elective surgery, discontinuing their use is important, but renal function must also be considered because elimination is highly dependent on renal elimination. If bleeding occurs in patients who have received these agents, common principles of bleeding management as with any anticoagulant (including the known principles for warfarin) should be considered. This review summarizes the available data regarding the management of bleeding with novel oral anticoagulation agents. Hemodialysis is a therapeutic option for dabigatran-related bleeding, while in vitro studies showed that prothrombin complex concentrates are reported to be useful for rivaroxaban-related bleeding. Additional clinical studies are needed to determine the best method for reversal of the novel oral anticoagulation agents when bleeding occurs.
Issues challenging future Thai elder care by women and family
Authors: Narknisorn Boontarika , Kusakabe Kyoko 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis article aims to present the issues that challenge women and family to provide elder care. It also shows weaknesses of policy that strongly attaches to traditional expectation and does not adapt to actual changes by presenting an example of Thailand.Design/methodology/approachThe review of secondary data.FindingsRapid growth of old age population, fewer number of children, changes in women's roles and women's employment, migration, family and societal changes challenge Thai traditional role of women and family as the main elder care providers. Academicians and policy makers are aware of these challenges, but Thai National Policy on Aging still puts responsibilities back to family.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation is that information is based on available literature. Implication is to stimulate an ongoing research to give feedback to policy.Practical implicationsA top‐down approach can create the gap between policy ideology and reality. This article provides argument information to close the gap and improve policy that better corresponds with actual social changes and life condition of older people, women and family.Social implicationsThis article urges an understanding that family, women and older people are not homogeneous.Originality/valueThis article gives reasons why policy on aging needs to detach from traditional expectation, seriously prepare elder care that corresponds with social changes and provide elder care by family and non‐family.
In pursuit of learning: sensemaking the quality of work life
Authors: K. Yeo Roland , Li Jessica 
Published: February 2013

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to explore how employees make sense of their work context and its influence on their learning orientation to improve their quality of work life.Design/methodology/approach– Qualitative data drawn from a dynamic online discussion that spanned three years were used in the content analysis. A total of 137 MBA participants from a university in the southwest of the USA contributed to the online forum.Findings– Perception of work-life context influences the cognitive intent of employees in such a way that they change their learning orientation and develop learning strategies to improve their current work conditions. These strategies are in turn influenced by their sensemaking of the context to determine their quality of work life.Research limitations/implications– The study illuminates the relationship between learning and context through the theoretical perspective of sensemaking. It extends the concept of learning orientation as operating at the individual and group levels other than the organizational level.Practical implications– Organizational leaders and human resource development (HRD) professionals will recognize how certain contextual stimuli can trigger their employees ' readiness to learn and improve their work life. They can direct their employees ' learning orientation through job redesign and job enrichment.Originality/value– The study provides a learning context to quality of work life, an area that has not been extensively researched in the HRD literature. By exploring sensemaking of quality of work life in the context of learning, the paper offers a more encompassing perspective of learning orientation and quality of work life contexts.
How does environmental accounting information influence attention and investment?
Authors: Alewine Hank C. , Stone Dan N. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeEnvironmental consequences increasingly influence management strategy and choice. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects on attention and investment of: incorporating environmental data into a balanced scorecard (BSC), called the sustainability balanced score card (SBSC) and the organization of environmental accounting information.Design/methodology/approachIn a between‐participant design, participants (n≈ 95) chose from among two investments using BSCs. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: no environmental data (control or BSC condition); environmental data embedded within the traditional BSC (four‐perspective SBSC); or environmental data added to a BSC as a standalone fifth perspective (five‐perspective SBSC).FindingsInvestment to achieve environmental stewardship objectives was greater with the four‐perspective SBSC than the traditional BSC. In addition, participants were most efficient, i.e. spent the least total time, and least time per data element examined, with the four‐perspective SBSC. Finally, the time spent examining, and decision weight given to, environmental data were unrelated.Research limitations/implicationsProfessional managers and accountants may have greater knowledge of environmental metrics than do students, who are the participants in this study; hence, the results may not generalize to higher knowledgeable professionals since their processing of environmental data may differ from the lower knowledge participants of this study.Practical implicationsThe form (i.e. organization) of environmental accounting data changed the allocation of participants' attention while the presence of environmental accounting data changed participants' investments; hence, both the presence and form of environmental accounting information influenced decision making.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to show differing influences from both the presence and organization of environmental accounting data on attention and investment.
The impact of domestic and international terrorism on equity markets: evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Ramiah Vikash , Graham Michael 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show that the consequences of terrorist attacks are beyond what is reported in the media. Equity investors can be adversely affected by these incidents. The authors' work justifies the war on terror.Design/methodology/approachUsing event study methodology, the authors test how abnormal returns have changed for industrial portfolios in Indonesia following the recent terrorist attacks in the USA, the UK, Spain, India and even Indonesia. The authors adjust the CAPM to test whether systematic risks are altered around these events.FindingsThe findings show that equity portfolios were adversely affected by the September 11 attacks and Bali bombings. The domestic terrorist attack generated the worst outcomes. It appears that systematic risk has increased by the amount of terrorist risk. Other attacks in London, Madrid and Mumbai were minimal.Originality/valueThis study shows how domestic and international terrorist events affect the risk and return in an Asian capital market.
Individual flexibility in energy saving: body size and condition constrain torpor use
Authors: Vuarin Pauline , Dammhahn Melanie , Henry Pierre‐Yves 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Phenotypic flexibility is a major mechanism in compensating climate‐driven changes in resource availability. Heterotherms can use daily torpor to overcome resource shortages and adverse environmental conditions. The expression of this adaptive energy‐saving strategy varies among individuals, but the factors constraining individual flexibility remain largely unknown.

As energy availability depends on individual stores and/or on the ability to acquire food, the propensity and flexibility in torpor use are expected to be constrained by body condition and/or size, respectively. The aim of this study was to test whether the dependency of torpor depth on air temperature was constrained by body condition and/or body size in a small heterothermic primate, the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). During the onset of the dry season, we monitored air temperature as well as skin temperatures of 14 free‐ranging individuals (12 females, two males) of known body mass and size.

Unexpectedly, torpor depth depended as much on air temperature as on body condition and size. Fatter, or larger, mouse lemurs underwent deeper torpor than smaller, or leaner, ones. Individual reaction norms of torpor depth to air temperature also revealed that the propensity to undergo deep torpor and the flexibility in torpor depth were enhanced by large body size and high body condition, whereas small, lean individuals remained normothermic.

Our study illustrates that alternative physiological strategies to overcome temperature constraints co‐occur in a population, with body size and condition being key determinants of the energy conservation strategy that an individual can launch.
Ca2+‐dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress correlates with astrogliosis in oligomeric amyloid β‐treated astrocytes and in a model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Alberdi Elena , Wyssenbach Ane , Alberdi María , Sánchez‐Gómez Mª V. , Cavaliere Fabio , Rodríguez José J. , Verkhratsky Alexei , Matute Carlos 
Published: February 2013

SummaryNeurotoxic effects of amyloid β peptides are mediated through deregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling, but relatively little is known about amyloid β modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and its pathological influence on glia. Here, we found that amyloid β oligomers caused a cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase in cultured astrocytes, which was reduced by inhibitors of PLC and ER Ca2+ release. Furthermore, amyloid β peptides triggered increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), as well as oxidative and ER stress, as indicated by eIF2α phosphorylation and overexpression of chaperone GRP78. These effects were decreased by ryanodine and 2APB, inhibitors of ryanodine receptors and InsP3 receptors, respectively, in both primary cultured astrocytes and organotypic cultures of hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Importantly, intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid β oligomers triggered overexpression of GFAP and GRP78 in astrocytes of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. These data were validated in a triple‐transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Overexpression of GFAP and GRP78 in the hippocampal astrocytes correlated with the amyloid β oligomer load in 12‐month‐old mice, suggesting that this parameter drives astrocytic ER stress and astrogliosis in vivo. Together, these results provide evidence that amyloid β oligomers disrupt ER Ca2+ homeostasis, which induces ER stress that leads to astrogliosis; this mechanism may be relevant to AD pathophysiology.
In senescence, age‐associated B cells secrete TNFα and inhibit survival of B‐cell precursors*
Authors: Ratliff Michelle , Alter Sarah , Frasca Daniela , Blomberg Bonnie B. , Riley Richard L. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryAged mice exhibit ~ 5–10‐fold increases in an ordinarily minor CD21/35− CD23− mature B‐cell subset termed age‐associated B cells (ABCs). ABCs from old, but not young, mice induce apoptosis in pro‐B cells directly through secretion of TNFα. In addition, aged ABCs, via TNFα, stimulate bone marrow cells to suppress pro‐B‐cell growth. ABC effects can be prevented by the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. Notably, CD21/35+ CD23+ follicular (FO) splenic and FO‐like recirculating bone marrow B cells in both young and aged mice contain a subpopulation that produces IL‐10. Unlike young adult FO B cells, old FO B cells also produce TNFα; however, secretion of IL‐10 within this B‐cell population ameliorates the TNFα‐mediated effects on B‐cell precursors. Loss of B‐cell precursors in the bone marrow of old mice in vivo was significantly associated with increased ABC relative to recirculating FO‐like B cells. Adoptive transfer of aged ABC into RAG‐2 KO recipients resulted in significant losses of pro‐B cells within the bone marrow. These results suggest that alterations in B‐cell composition during old age, in particular, the increase in ABC within the B‐cell compartments, contribute to a pro‐inflammatory environment within the bone marrow. This provides a mechanism of inappropriate B‐cell ‘feedback’ that promotes down‐regulation of B lymphopoiesis in old age.
Monitoring oak processionary moth Thaumetopoea processionea L. using pheromone traps: the influence of pheromone lure source, trap design and height above the ground on capture rates
Authors: Williams David T. , Straw N. , Townsend M. , Wilkinson A. S. , Mullins A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

A field trial conducted in the summer of 2011 evaluated three key parameters that might be influential for determining the number of adult male oak processionary moths (OPM) Thaumetopoea processionea (L.) caught in pheromone traps. Two types of traps (Delta and funnel; Oecos, U.K.) containing one of three different commercially available pheromone lures for OPM were placed out in the lower (3–5 m), mid (5–10 m) and upper (10–15 m) canopy of 72 individual oak trees in Richmond Park, in London, U.K.
The traps were placed out for 8 weeks covering the main flight period of OPM, and significantly more male moths were captured in traps positioned in the upper canopy (76.6%) compared with either mid‐canopy (18.6%) or lower canopy (4.8%) positions. Funnel traps caught significantly more male OPM than Delta traps, catching almost six times as many moths over the trapping period.
Traps containing one of the commercially available pheromone lures did not catch any moths, whereas traps with the other two lures caught similar numbers of moths. Chemical analysis revealed considerable differences between the three pheromone lures used in the trial in terms of the initial starting concentration of the primary component (Z,Z)‐11,13‐hexadecadienyl acetate and its dissipation over a 28‐day period.
The results obtained in the present study indicate some of the main factors that need to be taken into account when using pheromone traps to monitor OPM populations and also contribute to the establishment of a standardized monitoring system for this recently established insect pest.
Extracellular DNA traps in allergic, infectious, and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Simon D. , Simon H.‐U. , Yousefi S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractExtracellular DNA traps are part of the innate immune response and are seen with many infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases. They can be generated by several different leukocytes, including neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes, as well as mast cells. Here, we review the composition of these extracellular DNA‐containing structures as well as potential mechanisms for their production and function. In general, extracellular DNA traps have been described as binding to and killing pathogens, particularly bacteria, fungi, but also parasites. On the other hand, it is possible that DNA traps contribute to immunopathology in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as bronchial asthma. In addition, it has been demonstrated that they can initiate and/or potentiate autoimmune diseases. Extracellular DNA traps represent a frequently observed phenomenon in inflammatory diseases, and they appear to participate in the cross‐talk between different immune cells. These new insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases may open new avenues for targeted therapies.
EAACI position paper: skin prick testing in the diagnosis of occupational type I allergies
Authors: van Kampen V. , de Blay F. , Folletti I. , Kobierski P. , Moscato G. , Olivieri M. , Quirce S. , Sastre J. , Walusiak‐Skorupa J. , Raulf‐Heimsoth M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSkin prick testing (SPT) in combination with the clinical history of the patient is one important step in the diagnosis of IgE‐mediated occupational allergies. However, skin test performance is related to the quality of allergen extracts. The present consensus document was prepared by an EAACI Task Force consisting of an expert panel of allergologists and occupational physicians from Germany, Italy, Spain, France, Austria, and Poland. All members of the panel were also involved in the data collection within the European multicentre study STADOCA (Standard diagnosis for occupational allergy). The aim of this Task Force was the assessment of the quality of commercially available SPT solutions for selected occupational allergens under standardized procedure conditions in different European centres and institutes of Occupational Medicine. The data evaluation shows a wide variability among SPT solutions and also indicates that the sensitivity of several SPT solutions is low. Therefore, improvement and standardization of SPT solutions for occupational allergens is highly recommended. Clinical practitioners should also not presume that their SPT solutions are fully reliable. The main objective of the document is to issue consensus suggestions for the use of SPT with occupational allergens based on the European multicentre study STADOCA, on existing scientific evidence and the expertise of a panel of allergologists.
Cinnamon extract inhibits degranulation and de novo synthesis of inflammatory mediators in mast cells
Authors: Hagenlocher Y. , Bergheim I. , Zacheja S. , Schäffer M. , Bischoff S. C. , Lorentz A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundMast cells (MC) are main effector cells of allergic and other inflammatory reactions; however, only a few anti‐MC agents are available for therapy. It has been reported that cinnamon extract (CE) attenuates allergic symptoms by affecting immune cells; however, its influence on MC was not studied so far. Here, we analyzed the effects of CE on human and rodent MC in vitro and in vivo.MethodsExpression of MC‐specific proteases was examined in vivo in duodenum of mice following oral administration of CE. Release of mediators and phosphorylation of signaling molecules were analyzed in vitro in human MC isolated from intestinal tissue (hiMC) or RBL‐2H3 cells challenged with CE prior to stimulation by FcεRI cross‐linking.ResultsFollowing oral treatment with CE, expression of the mast cell proteases MCP6 and MC‐CPA was significantly decreased in mice. In hiMC, CE also caused a reduced expression of tryptase. Moreover, in hiMC stimulated by IgE cross‐linking, the release of β‐hexosaminidase was reduced to about 20% by CE. The de novo synthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, TNFα, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4, was almost completely inhibited by CE. The attenuation of mast cell mediators by CE seems to be related to particular signaling pathways, because we found that activation of the MAP kinases ERK, JNK, and p38 as well as of Akt was strongly reduced by CE.ConclusionCE decreases expression of mast cell–specific mediators in vitro and in vivo and thus is a new plant‐originated candidate for anti‐allergic therapy.
Meanings of quality of care: Perspectives of Portuguese health professionals and patients
Authors: Silva Sílvia A. , Costa Patrícia L. , Costa Rita , Tavares Susana M. , Leite Ema S. , Passos Ana M. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesThe main goal of this study is to explore what is meant by “quality of care” (QoC) by both health professionals and patients. This research also intends to compare the perspectives of nurses, doctors and patients in order to understand whether these different actors share similar views on what represents QoC.Design and methodsA qualitative study was conducted. The study consisted in 44 semi‐structured individual interviews (11 doctors; 23 nurses; 10 patients) and in three focus groups (20 participants: doctors, nurses, patients). Participants were doctors, nurses and patients from several Hospitals in Portugal. Data were analysed using content analysis methodology with MaxQDA software.ResultsThe main content analysis' results revealed that all participants emphasize technical and interpersonal dimensions of QoC. Nevertheless, professionals stressed the availability of equipment and supplies and the conditions of health care indoor facilities. Patients focused more on their access to health services, namely the availability of health professionals, and on the health status outcome after care. In what the differences between doctors and nurses are concerned, the former tend to highlight the technical aspects of care more than the nurses, who tend to refer interpersonal aspects immediately.ConclusionsAlthough nowadays the importance of health care quality has become well‐recognized, its definition is still complex. Given that specific aspects are more valued by certain groups than others, it is important to take in consideration all the stakeholder's perspectives when measuring QoC in order to continuously improve it in the ‘real’ settings.
Values and risks of second opinion in Japan's universal health‐care system
Authors: Okamoto Sawako , Kawahara Kazuo , Okawa Atsushi , Tanaka Yujiro 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundSecond opinion (SO) is widely recognized in Japan, but we do not know how patients view and use SO.ObjectivesTo investigate optimum seeking of SO in Japan's universal health‐care system.Design, participants, and methodsSurvey of patients at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. Of 365 responses, 67 had experienced SO with standardized protocol at SO Clinic; 82 had obtained SO elsewhere without instruction; 216 had never sought SO.Main outcome measuresViews of values and risks of SO.ResultsSecond opinion patients with standardized protocol better understood their illness, treatment options, individualized plan, and uncertainty in medicine, and also reported improved decision making compared with SO patients without the protocol (P < 0.05). However, more than half of respondents misunderstood SO as a way to change doctors or treatment. Second opinion respondents (n = 149) had a propensity to request treatment changes (P < 0.1) and more than one‐third (n = 82) did not tell SO doctor they were being treated by another doctor. The absolute majority of non‐SO patients would seek SO for a serious illness but would hesitate to tell their doctors.Discussion and conclusionRespondents recognized value of SO to improve understanding and decision making. This study also found risks in SO misuse which may be reinforced by Japan's cultural tendencies and universal health‐care system. Our findings suggest steps to increase the benefit of SO: ensure involvement of original doctor, instruct patients about SO and help them organize their thinking before SO and facilitate patients' return to the treating doctor for discussion and decision making.