bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Temporal Trends in Breast Cancer in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Global Study
Authors: Gao Mingjun , Wik Sofia Laila , Yu QinYao , Xue FanYu , Chan Sze Chai , Chow Shui Hang , Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Zhong Claire Chenwen , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo , Wong Martin CS , Huang Junjie ,   Global Health Focus Epidemiology Group (GHFEG)
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionBreast cancer poses significant health risks to women and strains healthcare systems extensively. In low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), limited resources and inadequate healthcare infrastructures further exacerbate the challenges of breast cancer prevention, treatment, and awareness.MethodsWe examined the prevalence, risk factors, and trends of breast cancer in LMICs. Data on disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) and breast cancer risk factors were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) databases for 203 countries or territories from 1990 to 2019. LMIC DALY rates were examined using joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsAmong the income groups, the lower middle‐income category had the highest DALYs value, with 1787 years per 100,000 people. LMICs collectively accounted for 74% of the global burden of DALYs lost due to breast cancer in 2019. However, it remained relatively consistent in lower middle income countries (LMCs). In LMCs, the risk associated with metabolic syndromes was higher compared to that with behavioral factors alone. For the past three decades, breast cancer incidences increased significantly in LMCs (average annual percent change [AAPC]: 1.212, confidence intervals [CI]: 1.51–1.87, p < 0.001), upper middle income countries (AAPC: 1.701, CI: 1.12–1.48, p < 0.001), and low‐income countries (AAPC: 1.002, CI: 1.57–1.68, p < 0.001).ConclusionThis research shows how breast cancer in LMICs is aggravated by low resources and healthcare infrastructure. To effectively combat breast cancer in these areas, future strategies must prioritize improvements in healthcare infrastructure, awareness campaigns, and early detection mechanisms.
Theoretical study on the effect of shear deformation on WSe2 as a cathode material for calcium ion batteries
Authors: Chen Kuiyuan , Feng Yanyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the first‐principles method is used to calculate the electronic structure of the intrinsic WSe2 system and the Ca adsorbed WSe2 system under shear deformation, and the diffusion barrier of Ca on WSe2 is studied in depth. The results show that shear deformation can effectively reduce the band gap of WSe2 system, and shear deformation can easily lead to the transition from semiconductor properties to metal properties. The adsorption of Ca leads to the change of the band structure of WSe2. The contribution of Ca‐d electrons leads to an increase in the peak in the range of 3–6 eV. The shear deformation reduces the diffusion barrier of Ca on the WSe2 surface. This paper provides an improvement method for the application of WSe2 in the field of battery.
Synthesis of Nitro Derivatives of Pyrocatechin as Potential Biologically Active Precursors
Authors: Bai Xiumei , Chertkov Vyacheslav A. , Tarasevich Boris N. , Tafeenko Victor A. , Timchenko Yury V. , Rodin Igor A. , Bian Jinlei , Beloglazkina Elena K. , Finko Alexander V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAromatic nitro compounds are important intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry. In this work, catechol was used as raw materials, and nitro‐catechol derivatives with different alkylation substitutions were synthesized using two different synthetic routes. More than 15 new previously undescribed compounds were obtained. Each compound was meticulously characterized using a suite of physicochemical techniques, with selective compounds further analyzed via X‐Ray diffraction to ascertain their structure. These newly synthesized compounds hold significant promise as candidates for further chemical modification, which underlines their potential usefulness in the field of the fine synthesis of organic compounds.
Macrocyclic Supramolecular Glass: New Type of Supramolecular Transparent Materials
Authors: Yao Guohong , Pan Yanjuan , Li Fenfang , Dong Shengyi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransparent materials are widely used in industries, everyday life, and scientific activities. The development of new, lightweight, and durable artificial transparent materials is a challenge in synthetic chemistry. In this study, a supramolecular approach is conceived to construct transparent glass. Cyclodextrins are selected as the building blocks for the fabrication of supramolecular glass via noncovalent polymerization. The newly formed glass displays several attractive advantages, including good thermal processability, high mechanical strength and dielectric constant, excellent visible light transparency, and good adhesion performance. Importantly, the structural characteristics of long‐range disorder and short‐range order are observed in cyclodextrin glass. Here a new strategy is presented for the preparation and functionalization of low‐molecular‐weight transparent materials.
Prevalence of stricturing, penetrating complications and extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease detected on cross‐sectional imaging in a tertiary care setting
Authors: Vuyyuru Sudheer Kumar , Solitano Virginia , Aruljothy Achuthan , Alkhattabi Maan , Beaton Melanie , Gregor Jamie , Kassam Zahra , Marshall Harry , Ramsewak Darryl , Sedano Rocio , Sey Michael , Jairath Vipul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundStricturing, penetrating complications and extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are frequent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is limited data on the prevalence of these complications in patients with IBD. Therefore, we aimed to assess the burden of these complications detected incidentally on cross‐sectional imaging.MethodsA retrospective study conducted at two tertiary care centers in London, Ontario. Patients (≥18 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD who underwent CT enterography (CTE) or MR enterography (MRE) between 1 Jan 2010 and 31 Dec 2018 were included. Categorical variables were reported as proportions and the mean and standard deviations were reported for continuous variables.ResultsA total of 615 imaging tests (MRE: 67.3% [414/615]) were performed in 557 IBD patients (CD: 91.4% [509/557], UC: 8.6% [48/557]). 38.2% (213/557) of patients were male, with mean age of 45.6 years (±15.8), and median disease duration of 11.0 years (±12.5). Among patients with CD, 33.2% (169/509) had strictures, with 7.8% having two or more strictures and 66.3% considered inflammatory. A fistula was reported in 10.6% (54/509), the most common being perianal fistula (27.8% [15/54]), followed by enterocutaneous fistula (16.8% [9/54]), and enteroenteric fistula (16.8% [9/54]). Additionally, 7.4% (41/557) of patients with IBD were found to have an EIM on cross‐sectional imaging, with the most prevalent EIM being cholelithiasis (63.4% [26/41]), followed by sacroiliitis (24.4% [10/41]), primary sclerosing cholangitis (4.8% [2/41]) and nephrolithiasis (4.8% [2/41]).ConclusionsApproximately 40% of patients with CD undergoing cross‐sectional imaging had evidence of a stricture or fistulizing disease, with 7% of patients with IBD having a detectable EIM. These results highlight the burden of disease and the need for specific therapies for these disease phenotypes.
Phenotypic differences in airway obstruction as determined by VOTE score
Authors: Franklin Andrew S. , Putnam Paul M. , Chanamolu Meghana C. , Nieri Chad A. , Gillespie M. Boyd 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective if this study was to investigate phenotypic differences in airway obstruction, as determined by VOTE score, in a cohort of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).MethodsPatients older than 18 years of age scheduled for DISE by one surgeon at a tertiary care center from July 2016 to July 2022 were included in a single‐center retrospective cohort study. Patient demographics, body mass index (BMI), apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), and VOTE scores were extracted. Spearman correlation tests were utilized to determine the relationship between variables, and statistical analyses were performed using R.ResultsThe study included 165 patients (61.24 years, SD 11.57; BMI 31.04 kg/m2, SD 6.05). Due to several significant relationships between VOTE scores and patient demographics, a cluster analysis was performed, in which two distinct clusters (phenotype 1 and phenotype 2) arose. Phenotype 1 patients had lower overall VOTE scores (p < 0.001), less obstruction at the velum (p < 0.001) and oropharynx (p < 0.001), significantly more tongue obstruction (p = 0.031), and a significantly lower BMI (p = 0.001). Though not reaching significance, phenotype 1 patients also had more epiglottic obstruction (p = 0.0841) and were older (p = 0.2775).ConclusionsPatients suffering from OSA may be categorized into one of two distinct phenotypes of clinical significance. Phenotype 1 patients who are nonobese and have less significant obstruction overall, with increased obstruction at the tongue, may benefit greatly from targeted surgical modalities. Conversely, phenotype 2 patients with worse obstruction on DISE and increased velum and oropharynx obstruction may represent a phenotype of OSA that is increasingly difficult to treat surgically, due to body habitus and severe, multi‐level obstruction.
COVID-19: Catalyzing U.S.-China Supply Chain Realignments
Authors: Zhengyuan Bo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped supply chain dynamics between the US and China. While China solidified its position as a global supply chain center during the first two years of the pandemic, its COVID-19 restrictions in 2022 quickly shattered the fruits. On the other hand, as bilateral tensions and geopolitical concerns escalated, both nations responded to COVID-19 by looking beyond each other to pursue selective decoupling strategies in critical sectors. This chapter delves into the factors driving these adjustments, including China's imperative to enhance self-sufficiency and the US focus on diversifying its supply chain away from China. Through case studies, including Apple’s supply chain shifts, the chapter illustrates how the pandemic and political factors prompted a realignment of global supply chains and how companies have adjusted to the shifting landscape. In the end, this chapter highlights the enduring shift in perceptions regarding the US-China supply chain relationship even in the post-pandemic era.
AI for Stability Optimization in Low Voltage Direct Current Microgrids
Authors: Roeder Georg , Schwanninger Raffael , Wienzek Peter , Kerscher Moritz , Wunder Bernd , Schellenberger Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLow voltage direct current (LVDC) is an enabling technology to foster a sustainable resilient energy supply. LVDC microgrids comprising energy generators, storage systems, and loads work as independently controlled units in connection with common alternating current networks. Precise digitized control applying intelligent power converters enables new AI-based approaches for DC microgrid layout and operation. In this work, a new method involving connected machine learning and optimization is established together with a novel measurement system, which enables the measurement and improvement of microgrid stability. The application is successfully validated by experimental assessment on a testbed with a four-terminal DC network operating at a voltage of 380 VDC and the advantages of the AI-based approach are demonstrated.
Learning with Limited Labelled Data
Authors: Loeffler Christoffer , Hvingelby Rasmus , Goschenhofer Jann 
Published: July 2024

AbstractModern machine and deep learning require large amounts of training data. Yet, even if the data itself is abundantly available, the fraction of annotated data may still be proportionally small or missing. Hence, learning with limited labeled data is an important research field. Two streams of research attack this problem from opposite directions [64]. On the one hand, semi-supervised learning aims to leverage all information by directly incorporating unlabeled data. On the other hand, active learning finds unlabeled data for that annotations would be most beneficial for learning, and queries humans-in-the-loop of model training. This chapter discusses both concepts and their essential principles, methodological overlaps, and strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, we elaborate on possible combinations and their advantages ands disadvantages. Finally, the conclusion refers to recent state-of-theart and provides an outlook into the future of learning with few labeled data.
Assured Resilience in Autonomous Systems – Machine Learning Methods for Reliable Perception
Authors: Weiss Gereon , Gansloser Jens , Schwaiger Adrian , Schwaiger Maximilian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMachine learning in the form of deep neural networks provides a powerful tool for enhanced perception of autonomous systems. However, the results of such networks are still not reliable enough for safety-critical tasks, like autonomous driving. We provide an overview of common challenges when applying these methods and introduce our approach for making the perception more robust. It includes utilizing uncertainty quantification based on ensemble distribution distillation and an out-of-distribution approach for detecting unknown inputs. We evaluate the approaches for object detection tasks in different autonomous driving scenarios with varying environmental conditions. The results show that the additional methods can support making the perception task of object detection more robust and reliable for future usage in autonomous systems.
Exploring the Metaverse: Opportunities for Tourism and Territorial Development
Authors: Perri Damiano , Di Blasi Sofia Rita , Forlani Fabio , Gervasi Osvaldo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article conducts a preliminary study on the possible outcomes of applying very advanced computer graphics technologies, such as Immersive Virtual Reality, Virtual Reality, and Mixed Reality, to promote tourism and an area’s economy. A careful analysis of the existing literature has revealed an intense research activity that has explored the salient aspects of the interaction between modern technologies and tourism, analysing the changes resulting from their use. The Metaverse represents one of the most powerful and effective innovations in tourism. We describe a methodology for implementing metaverses and virtual scenarios using the open-source Blender modelling environment and Unity game engine and creation tool. The metaverse of Palazzo Bernabei in Assisi, the suggestive venue of the Degree Course in Tourism Economics and Management, was implemented as a use case. It is located in an area of unique interest next to the splendid and evocative Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi. These technologies can improve tourism since they provide a high sense of immersion, giving the user an experience that anticipates and enriches the live visit. The user can perform the virtual visit remotely with the help of an immersive virtual reality controller. A questionnaire was carried out on a group of users to assess the user experience and the level of satisfaction with the application. The discussion of the answers in the questionnaire shows that users are fascinated by the virtual experience and become more aware of the beauty of works of art and monuments than traditional media (magazines, brochures, books) and are more attracted to the real visit.
Exploring Coherence between Teacher Education and the Competence Required to Facilitate Students’ Oral Participation in Foreign Language Classrooms
Authors: Carrai Debora , Hatlevik Ida Katrine Riksaasen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter reports on a case study aimed at exploring how newly qualified Spanish teachers perceive coherence between their recently concluded teacher education programme and their own acquired competence in facilitating oral activities in the classroom. Our starting point is that the core components of sensing coherence are comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. Our findings indicate that teacher education is perceived as comprehensible and meaningful in terms of facilitating oral participation. However, the findings also indicate that teacher education, both at the university and in practice schools, has room for improvement regarding the facilitation of oral activities.
Unbedachte Vorbilder. Bureau of Applied Social Research, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences und das Institut für Höhere Studien
Authors: Fleck Christian 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Eröffnung des Instituts für Höhere Studien (IHS) in Wien im Jahr 1963 fiel in die Wonnejahre der empirischen Sozialwissenschaften, die damals, wie nie zuvor und danach, bewundert und gefördert wurden. Der Initiator des IHS war Paul F. Lazarsfeld (1901–1976), der seine Geburtsstadt 1933 Richtung New York verlassen hatte und anlässlich eines Besuches 1958 das bedauernswert niedrige Niveau österreichischer Wissenschaften durch die Gründung einer Ausbildungseinrichtung für moderne Sozialwissenschaften zu heben vorschlug. Die Ford Foundation akzeptierte diese Idee und finanzierte die Gründung. Lazarsfelds ursprüngliche Konzeption wurde nur zum kleinsten Teil verwirklicht. Ein vergleichender Blick auf seine früheren Institutsgründungen zeigt, dass dieser, sich selbst als „managerial scholar“ verstehende frühere politische Aktivist Pläne nicht stur verfolgte, sondern der Strategie des Possibilismus folgte. Die historisch-soziologische Analyse legt einige Schlußfolgerungen für die Wissenschaftsforschung nahe: Erfolge und Mißerfolge von Institutsgründungen sind kausal nicht zurechenbar; Modelle nicht exportierbar und Vorbilder von nur beschränktem Nutzen. Eine soziologisch informierte Geschichte (sozial-) wissenschaftlicher Gründungen sollte die Idee der Planbarkeit wissenschaftlichen Fortschritts durch die der Kontingenz ersetzen und sich vergegenwärtigen, dass je reichhaltiger der Pool an institutionellen Arrangements ist, desto vielgestaltiger Neuigkeiten werden können, was wiederum die Hoffnung befördern kann, dass dann auch interessantere wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse zustande kommen werden.
„Une Institution sur Base Universitaire“. Das deutsche historische Institut Paris
Authors: Pfeil Ulrich 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht die Gründungsgeschichte des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Paris. Sie kann als Fallbeispiel für die nicht zu unterschätzende Bedeutung von Historikern als Akteuren in transnationalen Beziehungen gelten. Gleichzeitig diskutiert der Beitrag, inwiefern das Institut als eine Antwort sowohl auf eine politische als auch auf eine wissenschaftliche Herausforderung verstanden werden kann. Der Fokus wird folglich auf dem dialektischen Verhältnis von Wissenschaft und Politik liegen, steht doch gerade auch die Geschichtswissenschaft vor der Frage, wie sie ihre Arbeit gegenüber dem Staat legitimiert, der sie in der Regel alimentiert. Es wird auch analysiert, wer in Politik und Wissenschaft über welche Ressourcen verfügt und diese wie einzusetzen vermag.
Das Vienna BioCenter – Geschichte, Erkenntnisinteressen und Organisationsformen. Clusterbildungen in den Life Sciences
Authors: Wirth Maria 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Vienna BioCenter mit aktuell über 50 Einrichtungen ist ein international renommierter Standort für die Biowissenschaften. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden sowohl seine Geschichte als auch wichtige Fragen zu seinen Erkenntnisinteressen und Organisationsformen beantwortet, wobei insbesondere das Institut für Molekulare Pathologie (IMP) als sein Gründungsinstitut und das Vienna BioCenter in seiner gegenwärtigen Form im Zentrum stehen. Zudem wird beleuchtet, welche Bedeutung dem Zusammenspiel von Bildung, Forschung und ökonomischen Interessen in der Entwicklung des Life Sciences-Clusters zukam – zumal hier Institutionen vertreten sind, die in all diesen Bereichen aktiv sind.
Differences in social adjustment during adulthood between adoptees with high and low risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders – the Finnish adoptive family study of schizophrenia
Authors: Säkkinen Miia , Hakko Helinä , Wahlberg Karl-Erik , Räsänen Sami 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate differences in social adjustment during adulthood between adoptees with high genetic risk (HR) and low genetic risk (LR) for schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Methods
This study is a subsample of the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia. The study sample consisted of 120 adoptees whose biological mothers had DSM-III-R verified schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and 142 socio-demographically matched control adoptees. The social adjustment of the adoptees was assessed using the interview-based Adult Adjustment Scale (AAS).

Results
A lower proportion of the HR adoptees (61.7%) fell into the category of good adaptation compared to LR adoptees (74.6%) (p = 0.024). In addition, the median AAS score among HR adoptees was lower compared to LR adoptees (p = 0.023). Poorer results among HR adoptees were also found regarding some individual items and the social health -domain within the AAS. The psychiatric morbidity, excluding schizophrenia spectrum disorders, was higher among HR adoptees. Psychiatric morbidity was shown to mediate the association of genetic status to total AAS, and, also to the domain of social health.

Conclusion
According to our results, genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia is associated with weakened social adjustment during adulthood. Although our results demonstrated that psychiatric morbidity has notable effect on the association of genetic status to adult adjustment scores, the impact of other determinants, like psychosocial factors or health-related behaviour, cannot be ruled out. The comparable rearing environment provided by the adoption design in conjunction with reliable diagnostics provide new information on the relation of genetic susceptibility and social adjustment.
Comparing tooth development timing between ethnic groups, excluding nutritional and environmental influences
Authors: Thevissen Patrick , Waltimo-Sirén Janna , Saarimaa Hanna-Maija , Lähdesmäki Raija , Evälahti Marjut , Metsäniitty Mari 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe timing of dental development in ethnic Finns and Somalis, who were born and living in Finland, was compared, with efforts to minimize environmental bias. The developmental status of seven lower left permanent teeth were staged according to Demirjian et al., using panoramic radiographs from 2,100 Finnish and 808 Somali females and males, aged 2 to 23 years. For each tooth, a continuation-ratio model was constructed to analyze the allocated stages as a function of sex and ethnic origin. Several statistically significant differences in mean age of certain tooth developmental stage transitions were revealed. While Somalis generally displayed stage transitions at younger age, none of the seven teeth consistently showed earlier stage transitions in Somalis compared to Finns. Within each tooth, the lowest (or highest) mean age of stage transition varied without any discernible pattern between the two ethnic groups. Overall, the observed differences in mean age of stage transition between the groups was minimal, suggesting a low impact on clinical and forensic age assessment practice. In conclusion, the studied ethnic Finn and Somali groups with equal nutritional and /or environmental conditions exhibit similar timing in the development of all lower left permanent teeth.