bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of [−2]Pro‐PSA in Whole Blood and Serum: Analysis for Optimal Measurement Conditions
Authors: Igawa Tsukasa , Takehara Kosuke , Onita Toru , Ito Kazuto , Sakai Hideki 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundThe clinical usefulness of [−2]pro‐PSA (where PSA is prostate‐specific antigen) in prostate cancer diagnosis has been emphasized in recent studies. To determine proper blood sample handling conditions for [−2]pro‐PSA evaluation, we analyzed the preanalytical stability of [−2]pro‐PSA.MethodsBlood samples from 22 Japanese males were stored under various conditions before total PSA (tPSA), free PSA, and [−2]pro‐PSA concentrations were measured, and the preanalytical stability of [−2]pro‐PSA and the changes in the Prostate Health Index (phi) were assessed.Results[−2]Pro‐PSA was stable in serum for at least 24 hr at both room temperature (RT) and at 4°C. However, [−2]pro‐PSA levels in whole blood increased rapidly over time, particularly at RT. Mean recovery (%) of [−2]pro‐PSA in whole blood at RT was >110% at 1 hr after drawing of blood. The phi tended to increase over time in a pattern similar to the change in[−2]pro‐PSA.ConclusionsPreanalytical stability was lower for [−2]pro‐PSA than for free PSA or tPSA. Whole‐blood [−2]pro‐PSA increased in a time‐dependent manner, particularly at RT. Thus, whole blood samples collected at RT should be centrifuged within 1 hr after drawing. The [−2]pro‐PSA in serum is stable for at least 24 hr at both RT and at 4°C.
Comparison of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence Examined by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Equation With That by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Equation in Korean Adult Population
Authors: Shin Sang‐Yong , Kwon Min‐Jung , Park Hyosoon , Woo Hee‐Yeon 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundThe new estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) equation, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equation, was recently introduced. We compared the prevalence of CKD examined by the CKD‐EPI equation with that by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation.MethodsWe analyzed the data from a total of 14,605 Korean adults (age ≥20 years), who were enrolled in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2007, 2009, and 2010. CKD stages 1 and 2 were defined as eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with proteinuria measured by dipstick. CKD stages 3–5 were defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2.ResultsThe eGFRs calculated by the CKD‐EPI equation were higher than those calculated by the MDRD equation (P < 0.001), especially in women and young people. The prevalence of CKD stages 3–5 calculated by the MDRD equation was 6.8%, 3.0%, and 3.0% in 2007, 2009, and 2010, respectively. The prevalence of CKD stages 3–5 calculated by CKD‐EPI equation was 7.7%, 2.7%, and 2.6% in 2007, 2009, and 2010, respectively. When defining the CKD using the CKD‐EPI equation, 55 (32.7%) of 350 cases were reclassified into more advanced stages and 295 cases (67.3%) were reclassified into less‐advanced stages.ConclusionThe CKD‐EPI equation caused an overall low prevalence of CKD compared to the MDRD. Therefore, CKD‐EPI equation might be helpful to prevent an overestimation of CKD.
Fast computation of myelin maps from MRI T2 relaxation data using multicore CPU and graphics card parallelization
Authors: Yoo Youngjin , Prasloski Thomas , Vavasour Irene , MacKay Alexander , Traboulsee Anthony L. , Li David K.B. , Tam Roger C. 
Published: February 2014

PurposeTo develop a fast algorithm for computing myelin maps from multiecho T2 relaxation data using parallel computation with multicore CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs).Materials and MethodsUsing an existing MATLAB (MathWorks, Natick, MA) implementation with basic (nonalgorithm‐specific) parallelism as a guide, we developed a new version to perform the same computations but using C++ to optimize the hybrid utilization of multicore CPUs and GPUs, based on experimentation to determine which algorithmic components would benefit from CPU versus GPU parallelization. Using 32‐echo T2 data of dimensions 256 × 256 × 7 from 17 multiple sclerosis patients and 18 healthy subjects, we compared the two methods in terms of speed, myelin values, and the ability to distinguish between the two patient groups using Student's t‐tests.ResultsThe new method was faster than the MATLAB implementation by 4.13 times for computing a single map and 14.36 times for batch‐processing 10 scans. The two methods produced very similar myelin values, with small and explainable differences that did not impact the ability to distinguish the two patient groups.ConclusionThe proposed hybrid multicore approach represents a more efficient alternative to MATLAB, especially for large‐scale batch processing. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:700–707. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plaggic Anthrosol: Soil of the Year 2013 in Germany: An overview on its formation, distribution, classification, soil function and threats
Authors: Giani Luise , Makowsky Lutz , Mueller Klaus 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe Plaggic Anthrosol (German: Plaggenesch) has been elected “Soil of the Year 2013” in Germany. This article reviews present knowledge on the formation, distribution, classification, soil functions, and threats of Plaggic Anthrosols. As the colors of Plaggic Anthrosols differ, we introduce a “Grey Plaggic Anthrosol” and a “Brown Plaggic Anthrosol”. The term Plaggic Anthrosols is used in WRB, whereas those soils are classified as Agrosems according to the Russian, as Plagganthrepts according to the US Soil Taxonomy, and Plaggenesch according to the German taxonomy. The formation of Plaggic Anthrosols is the result of a former arable land use technique, the plaggen agriculture, starting ≈ 1000 y ago and lasting since the introduction of mineral fertilization. During processing plaggen agriculture, plaggen or sods of humic topsoil horizons were cut in the landscape, carried to the stables, enriched with dung, and subsequently spread out onto the fields as an organic‐earthy manure. The manure decomposed and humified, whereas the mineral fraction remained and raised the land surface by 0.1 cm y–1 in average. Hence, the diagnostic horizon, a thick (70–130 cm) humus‐rich man‐made epipedon, often containing artefacts, was formed over time. The main region of spatial distribution of Plaggic Anthrosols is NW Germany, The Netherlands and NE Belgium. Minor occurrences are reported from other parts of Europe. Compared to the associated soils, Plaggic Anthrosols hold considerable natural, archive and utilization functions, but are threatened by degradation when their use as arable soil is rendered.
Volatile profiles of flavedo, pulp and seeds in Poncirus trifoliata fruits
Authors: Papa Fabrizio , Maggi Filippo , Cianfaglione Kevin , Sagratini Gianni , Caprioli Giovanni , Vittori Sauro 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoncirus trifoliata, also known as trifoliate orange, is a tree native to China and Korea and widely used all over the world as a rootstock breeding material. In this study the differences among the volatile profiles of flavedo, pulp and seeds from two cultivars (var. trifoliata and var. monstrosa) grown in Italy (Marche, Abruzzo and Sicily) were determined. Headspace solid phase microextraction and hydrodistillation techniques were used in combination with GC/FID and GC/MS to obtain the volatile profiles of the samples.RESULTSBoth techniques permitted the differentiation of fruit parts based on the main volatile components: the flavedo was characterized by monoterpene hydrocarbons such as limonene and myrcene, the seeds were characterized by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as (E)‐caryophyllene and germacrene D, while the pulp showed an intermediate composition. The main differences in volatile profiles obtained by the two techniques were analyzed by chemometric techniques such as principal component analysis.CONCLUSIONThe study did not highlight significant differences in volatiles between the two cultivars of trifoliate orange, while few differences in the number of volatiles in the fruit parts were revealed by the two techniques. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Bronchoscopic finding determined outcome after chemoradiotherapy in esophageal cancer patients with airway invasion
Authors: Yin Shun‐Ying , Chao Yin‐Kai , Tseng Chen‐Kan , Chang Hsien‐Kun , Liu Yun‐Hen , Wu Yi‐Cheng , Chen Tzu‐Ping , Yeh Chi‐Hsiao 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundWe studied whether the bronchoscopic findings could be help to predict outcome after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with airway invasion by esophageal cancer.MethodBetween 2000 and 2010, we retrospectively investigated esophageal cancer patients with T4 disease due to airway invasion who had received CRT as first line treatment. Airway invasion is defined as infiltration of the tracheobronchial wall or protruded intraluminal growth on bronchoscopy. The total radiation dose of CRT was 60 Gy and divided into two cycles. Bronchoscopic findings were evaluated together with other clinical parameters and correlated with overall survival (OS).ResultThere were 68 patients with a mean age of 54.5 years. After the first cycle of CRT, bronchoscopic examination showed complete regression of endobronchial lesion in 16 patients. OS was 26% at 1 year and 5% at 3 years with the median survival time (MST) of 7 months. Multivariate analysis revealed vocal cord palsy (unfavorable, OR [95% CI]:2 [1.07–3.84], P = 0.03), carina involvement (unfavorable, OR [95% CI]:2.6 [1.12–6], P = 0.025) and intraluminal tumor growth (unfavorable, OR [95% CI]:1.9 [1.1–3.3], P = 0.023) as independent factors for survival. The MST after CRT was 12.1, 6.1, 5.7 months in patients with 0, 1, 2 factors, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionBronchoscopic finding determined outcome after CRT in esophageal cancer patients with airway invasion J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:808–811. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Benefits from Service Bundling in Destination Branding: The Role of Trust in Enhancing Cooperation among Operators in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Marcoz Elena Maria , Mauri Chiara , Maggioni Isabella , Cantù Chiara 
Published: February 2014

AbstractService bundling helps tourism organizations develop competitiveness. Cooperation within destinations builds service bundles and positively impacts image. This paper aims to shed light on the role of trust in cooperation among tourism operators in place branding strategy and investigates the impact of perceived benefits achievable through service bundling on hoteliers' orientation to networking, that is, willingness to cooperate with restaurants, theme parks, spas, and so on. A survey of 164 hoteliers finds that trust in other tourism operators mediates the impact of perceived relational benefits on networking orientation. Operators' innovativeness mediates the relationship between perceived economic benefits and networking orientation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diastereoselective Additive Trifluoromethylation/Halogenation of Isoxazole Triflones: Synthesis of All‐Carbon‐Functionalized Trifluoromethyl Isoxazoline Triflones
Authors: Kawai Hiroyuki , Sugita Yutaka , Tokunaga Etsuko , Sato Hiroyasu , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractInvited for this months cover is the group of Prof. Norio Shibata. The cover shows the Japanese painting “Tsuibamu” (“Pecking”) by Mami Shibata: our novel isoxazoline triflones will support our life. For more details, see the Communication on p. 14 ff.
Validation of automatic scanning of microscope slides in recovering rare cellular events: application for detection of fetal cells in maternal blood
Authors: Emad Ahmed , Bouchard Eric F. , Lamoureux Josée , Ouellet Annie , Dutta Aparajita , Klingbeil Uli , Drouin Régen 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveDetection of rare fetal cells (FCs) in the maternal circulation could be used for non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis. Considering that FCs in maternal blood are present in extremely low frequency, manual scanning is cumbersome, time‐consuming, and unsuitable for clinical applications. As an alternative, we optimized a custom‐made classifier for automatic detection of FCs.MethodsUsing MetaSystems' automated platform, we developed a robust detection algorithm and validated its efficiency on retrieval of rare XY cells in a pure population of XX cells. Slides were scanned for presence of predefined XY cells after fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and primed in situ labeling (PRINS). Retrieval of FCs was also performed on samples from maternal blood.ResultsThe efficiency of detection of rare XY cells was 88% using FISH (117/133) in comparison with 78% (53/68) with PRINS. FC frequencies per 1 mL of maternal blood ranged from 3 to 6 FCs in normal pregnancies versus 13 to 21 FCs in Down syndrome pregnancies.ConclusionAutomatic scanning was more efficient and consistent than manual scanning for detection of rare FCs and required considerably less operator time. Automatic scanning using FISH is more sensitive than that using PRINS. The study validates automatic scanning retrieval of FCs from maternal blood. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thiol‐functionalized 1,3‐benzoxazine: Preparation and its use as a precursor for highly polymerizable benzoxazine monomers bearing sulfide moiety
Authors: Kawaguchi Asei W. , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe describe a new strategy for preparation of benzoxazine monomers based on in situ preparation of a thiol‐functionalized benzoxazine and successive chemical modification of the thiol moiety. The thiol‐functionalized benzoxazine can be prepared from its precursor bearing two benzoxazine moieties linked by disulfide bond. Reductive cleavage of the disulfide bond of the precursor with using triphenylphosphine as a reducing agent allows successful preparation of the thiol‐functionalized benzoxazine. By performing this reduction process in the presence of epoxides and acrylates, the formation of the thiol moiety and its successive reaction with those electrophiles proceed efficiently to give the corresponding benzoxazines with sulfide moieties. The benzoxazine monomers thus prepared exhibit much higher polymerization ability than those without sulfide moiety. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1448–1457
Experimental clues of soft glassy rheology in strained filled elastomers
Authors: Ehrburger‐Dolle Françoise , Morfin Isabelle , Bley Françoise , Livet Frédéric , Heinrich Gert , Piché Luc , Sutton Mark 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTTensile stress‐relaxation measurements have been performed on a series of cross‐linked filled elastomers. The fillers are chosen to investigate the effect of the filler–filler and the filler–matrix interactions on the time dependence of the tensile relaxation modulus E(t) after UP and DOWN jumps. For the carbon black‐filled sample (strong filler–elastomer interaction) E(t) decreases as log(t) when the strain ε is strictly larger than 0.2 and reached by UP jumps. For the silica‐filled samples in the same conditions, and for all samples after a DOWN jump, including ε  = 0.2, the experimental data can be fitted with a power law equation characterized by the exponent m. Thus, in all cases, |dE(t)/dt| scales as t−α with α ⩵ m + 1. Pertinence of the soft glassy rheology model for interpreting these results is examined. It is shown that α could be equivalent to the effective noise temperature x and related to the polymer chain mobility. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 647–656
Psychological morbidity and health‐related quality of life in patients with differing awareness of cancer diagnosis: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Dian Can , Guo Chuan Bin , Peng Xin , Su Yan Jie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectiveConcealment of cancer diagnosis from patients is not rare worldwide and physicians in mainland China are in fact discouraged from disclosing a cancer diagnosis to cancer patients. Preventing worsened psychological morbidity is at the core of the argument for nondisclosure. The purpose of this study was to quantify anxiety, depression, and distress among patients with various degrees of awareness of their cancer diagnosis. Quality of life was also measured.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional and blinded design, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire, the Distress Thermometer, and the SF‐36 Health Survey were administered to 287 hospitalized patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors. Independently, the patients' awareness of disease was assessed with semistructured interviews.ResultsHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Distress Thermometer, and SF‐36 did not identify significant differences in scores among the hospitalized patients with various degrees of awareness of their cancer diagnosis: an awaiting diagnosis group, a concealed diagnosis group, and a disclosed diagnosis group.ConclusionsBefore surgery, inpatients who were hospitalized because of oral and maxillofacial tumors with various degrees of awareness of their cancer diagnosis had similar psychological morbidity and quality of life. Informing hospitalized cancer patients of their diagnosis before surgery may not deteriorate their psychiatric condition or their quality of life. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical analysis of strategies for improving p‐type conductivity in wurtzite III‐nitride devices for high‐power opto‐ and microelectronic applications
Authors: Satter Md. Mahbub , Liu Yuh‐Shiuan , Kao Tsung‐Ting , Lochner Zachary , Li Xiaohang , Ryou Jae‐Hyun , Shen Shyh‐Chiang , Detchprohm Theeradetch , Dupuis Russell D. , Yoder P. Douglas 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAchieving high p‐type conductivity is one of the most significant bottlenecks to the efficient operation of wurtzite III‐N based optoelectronic and microelectronic devices. Through judicious volumetric redistribution of fixed negative polarization charge, compositionally graded layers may be exploited to achieve nearly flat valence band profiles free from electrostatic barriers to hole injection into the active region. This may potentially ameliorate problems associated with poor p‐type conductivity and inefficient hole transport that complicates the design of DUV laser diodes and light emitting diodes. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A III‐nitride polarization enhanced electron filter for controlling the spectral response of solar‐blind AlGaN/AlN/SiC photodiodes
Authors: Rodak L. E. , Sampath A. V. , Gallinat C. S. , Smith J. , Chen Y. , Zhou Q. , Campbell J. C. , Shen H. , Wraback M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHeterogeneous aluminium gallium nitride (Alx Ga1‐xN)/aluminium nitride (AlN)/silicon carbide (SiC) based n‐i‐p photodetectors have been demonstrated to effectively tailor the spectral response of SiC within the solar‐blind regime. The differences in polarization at the hetero‐interfaces resulting in negative polarization induced charge at the Alx Ga1‐xN/AlN interface and positive polarization induced charge at the AlN/SiC interface has been exploited to create a large barrier to carrier transport across the interface. This barrier impedes the collection of photo‐excited holes in the Alx Ga1‐xN layers and enables the selective collection of electrons photo‐excited to the Γ and L conduction band valleys of SiC while blocking the collection of electrons in the M valley. In this work, the influence of device design, including the AlN layer thickness and Alx Ga1‐xN composition, on the spectral response is discussed. Thin AlN barrier layers are easily overcome by electrons generated in all valleys of 4H‐SiC with increasing bias voltage while thicker barrier layers successfully minimize the collection of electrons in the M valley of SiC and therefore suppress the long‐wavelength response >260 nm. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of high crystal quality InN by ENABLE‐MBE
Authors: Williams Joshua J. , Williamson Todd L. , Hoffbauer Mark A. , Wei Yong , Faleev Nikolai N. , Honsberg Christiana 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIndium nitride is of interest as a small band gap material for hot carrier solar cells and for alloying of III‐Nitrides in conventional solar cells. Growth of photovoltaic device quality InN on cost effective sapphire wafers is challenging. Lattice mismatch between sapphire and indium nitride (∼25%) makes growth of epitaxial crystals with low crystalline imperfection problematic. InN films with promising XRD results were grown by MBE using a well‐aligned AlN buffer layer to grow InN on sapphire substrates. Crystal quality, analyzed by HRXRD, gives evidence that films of both AlN on sapphire and InN on AlN are almost fully relaxed by edge dislocations created on the interfaces with a rather low density of closed dislocation loops, created subsequently in the film volume of both epitaxial layers. These films exhibit threading dislocation densities of 3 x 107 cm‐2 and 2 × 108 cm‐2 for AlN and InN. Additional metrics quantifying film quality of AlN and InN characterized by XRD and TEM will be presented. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Concise Review: From Greenhouse to Garden: The Changing Soil of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Microenvironment During Development
Authors: Mirshekar-Syahkal Bahar , Fitch Simon R. , Ottersbach Katrin 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The hematopoietic system has been intensely studied for many decades. For this reason, it has become the best understood stem cell-derived system that serves as a paradigm for stem cell biology and has found numerous applications in the clinics. While a lot of progress has recently been made in describing the bone marrow components that maintain and control blood stem cell function in the adult, very little is currently known about the regulatory microenvironment in which the first adult-repopulating hematopoietic stem cells are formed during development. Knowledge of these processes is crucial for understanding the basic regulation of hematopoietic stem cell production and behavior and to allow their in vitro expansion and generation from embryonic stem cells or iPS cells for clinical and research purposes. This review summarizes the recent advances that have been made in defining the cellular components, as well as the soluble and physical factors, that are part of the niche involved in regulating hematopoietic stem cell generation in the embryo. The findings are compared with what is known about the adult bone marrow niche to find common pathways for stem cell regulation, but also to highlight processes uniquely required for de novo hematopoietic stem cell generation, as these are the conditions that will need to be recreated for the successful production of blood stem cells in culture. Stem Cells 2014;32:1691–1700