bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I am Black and I am a girl‐child, can I still be a scientist?
Authors: Oladejo Adekunle I. , Olateju Taibat T. , Okebukola Peter A. , Braimoh Durojaiye Saidi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs the world becomes increasingly rooted in all forms of inequities, so does the need to fight its causatives. This study is concerned with ensuring that science education serves to reinforce gender equity against traditional narratives. We explored the potency of culturo‐techno‐contextual approach (CTCA) in leveling the playing field while promoting meaningful learning of chemistry among male and female students. Two separate quasi‐experimental studies were conducted on two perceived difficult topics in chemistry—nuclear chemistry and electrochemistry using senior secondary school two (equivalent of grade 11 in the United States system) students (NStudy 1 = 221, NStudy 2 = 141). In each study, the experimental groups were taught using CTCA, while the control groups were taught with lecture method. The research design was explanatory and sequential with a quasi‐experimental framework. The nuclear chemistry achievement test and the electrochemistry achievement test that were used to collect data had a reliability coefficient of 0.83 and 0.76, respectively. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the quantitative data, while the qualitative data used a thematic approach. The studies found no significant difference in the achievement (post‐posttest) of the male and female students. Within the study limits, we concluded that CTCA is a viable tool for bridging the gender difference in chemistry learning.
Outcomes of surgically treated sialoceles in 21 cats: A multi‐institutional retrospective study (2010–2021)
Authors: Marti Laura G. , Brisson Brigitte A. , Del Carpio Laura‐Isabela , Goldschmidt Stephanie , Buote Nicole , Gagnon Dominique , Shmon Cindy , Sterman Allyson A. , Scharf Valery F. , MacPhail Catriona M. , Maki Lynn , Arzi Boaz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo report the outcomes of cats that underwent surgical correction for sialoceles.Study designMulti‐institutional retrospective cohort study.AnimalsTwenty‐one client‐owned cats.MethodsMedical records were examined of cats diagnosed with sialocele, which underwent surgical intervention over an 11‐year period at one of 10 referral hospitals. The data collected included signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, histopathology, surgical procedures performed, and postoperative complications.ResultsThe most common presenting complaints for cats with sialocele included dysphagia and ptyalism. Only two cats had a recent history of trauma, and one was diagnosed with a concurrent sialolith. Most displayed visible tissue swelling, with ranulae being most common. Surgical treatment consisted of sialoadenectomy and/or marsupialization. Intraoperative complications occurred in three cats, and postoperative complications in five cats. No recurrence or development of contralateral sialoceles were reported during the follow‐up period (30–968 days).ConclusionThe majority of cats did not have a clear underlying cause for developing a sialocele. The sublingual and mandibular salivary glands were presumed to be the most commonly affected. Mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy and/or marsupialization provided resolution of clinical signs to the 21 cats that underwent these procedures.Clinical significanceSialocele, although rare, should remain a differential diagnosis when managing cats with relevant clinical signs. Surgical intervention appears to offer resolution of signs with apparently low overall risk of complication or short‐term recurrence. In cats it is necessary to evaluate whether sialoadenectomy is necessary, or whether marsupialization alone should be attempted as a less invasive first‐line surgical intervention.
Racionalidade Argumentativa no Supremo Tribunal Federal Durante a Pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Toledo Cláudia , De Castilhos Ian Fernandes , De Souza Martins Baptista Flávia 
Published: July 2024

Este artigo expõe os resultados e conclusões extraídos de pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial, que investigou o grau de racionalidade das decisões prolatadas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) sobre direito à saúde durante o primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19. A investigação justifica-se pelo dever de fundamentação racional do Judiciário cuja legitimidade é argumentativa no Estado Democrático de Direito. Na primeira seção do artigo, é apresentada a tipologia argumentativa adotada, fundamentada no pensamento de Alexy e sua base em Habermas. Esta tipologia distingue os argumentos institucionais (leis, precedentes, doutrina), práticos gerais (pragmáticos, éticos, morais) e empíricos (relativos a fatos concretos e dados científicos). Na segunda seção, discorre-se sobre os tipos de racionalidade (lógica, substancial e discursiva) e seus respectivos critérios de satisfação (correção linguística, consistência, coerência e respeito às regras do discurso), com base no pensamento de Alexy, MacCormick, Aarnio, Peczenik e Atienza. Por fim, na terceira seção, apresentam-se os resultados da pesquisa empírica que avalia o grau de racionalidade das decisões do STF. Para esta avaliação examinaram-se a justificação interna e externa das decisões, os tipos de argumentos empregados e o grau de satisfação dos critérios avaliativos e dos tipos de racionalidade. Concluiu-se pela satisfação do dever de fundamentação racional nas decisões.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of non-malignant pleural effusions in hospitalised patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Danni , Niu Yue , Ma Yangyang , Tang Li , Zhang Qingtao , Zhang Li , Sun Xuefeng , Mei Yan , Cai Guangyan , Chen Xiangmei , Li Ping 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveNon-malignant pleural effusions (NMPE) are common in hospitalised patients. Data on NMPE inpatients are scarce and the factors influencing the prognosis are unknown.DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study.Setting and participantsWe conducted a retrospective cohort of inpatients (n=86 645) admitted to the Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2018 to 2021, based on electronic medical records. The observations of 4934 subjects with effusions confirmed by chest radiological tests (CT or X-ray) without a diagnosis of malignancy were followed during admission. Logistic regression was used to analyse organ damage and other factors associated with in-hospital death. Patients were clustered according to their laboratory indicators, and the association between the clustering results and outcomes was studied.OutcomeThe outcome of this study was in-hospital mortality.ResultsAmong 4934 patients, heart failure + pneumonia + renal dysfunction was the most common (15.12%) among 100 different diagnostic groups. 318 (6.4%) patients died during hospitalisation. Lung (OR 3.70, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.89), kidney (OR 2.88, 95% CI 2.14 to 3.90) and heart (1.80, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.55) damage were associated with in-hospital mortality. Hierarchical clustering of laboratory indicators (estimated glomerular filtration rate, white blood cell count, platelet count, haemoglobin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, serum albumin) demonstrated the ability to discriminate patients at high risk of in-hospital death.ConclusionComorbidities and multiorgan failure are the prominent characteristics of NMPE patients, which increase the risk of in-hospital mortality, and comprehensive intervention for specific comorbidity patterns is suggested.
RecurIndex-Guided postoperative radiotherapy with or without Avoidance of Irradiation of regional Nodes in 1–3 node-positive breast cancer (RIGAIN): a study protocol for a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled prospective, phase III trial
Authors: Liu Jing , Tan Yuting , Bi Zhuofei , Huang Suning , Zhang Na , Zhang An-du , Zhao Lina , Wang Yu , Liang Zibin , Hou Yu , Xu Xiangying , Chen Jianying , Wang Fei , Lan Xiaowen , Lin Xiao , Zhang Xiaoxue , Zhou Wenyi , Ye Xuting , Guo Jian-gui , Wang Xiaohong , Ding Ran , Chen Jiayi , Huang Xiaobo 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPostoperative radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer with one to three lymph node metastases, particularly within the pT1–2N1M0 cohort with a low clinical risk of local–regional recurrence (LRR), has incited a discourse surrounding personalised treatment strategies. Multigene testing for Recurrence Index (RecurIndex) model capably differentiates patients based on their level of LRR risk. This research aims to validate whether a more aggressive treatment approach can enhance clinical outcomes in N1 patients who possess a clinically low risk of LRR, yet a high RecurIndex-determined risk of LRR. Specifically, this entails postoperative whole breast irradiation combined with regional lymph node irradiation (RNI) following breast-conserving surgery or chest wall irradiation with RNI after mastectomy.Methods and analysisThe RIGAIN (RecurIndex-Guided postoperative radiotherapy with or withoutAvoidance ofIrradiation of regionalNodes in 1–3 node-positive breast cancer) Study is a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, phase III clinical trial that is being conducted in China. In this study, patients with low clinical LRR risk but high RecurIndex-LRR risk are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the experimental group or the control group. In the experimental group, RNI is performed and the control group omits RNI. Efficacy and safety analyses will be conducted, enrolling a total of 540 patients (270 per group). The primary endpoint is invasive disease-free survival, and secondary endpoints include any first recurrence, LRR-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, recurrence-free survival, overall survival, disease-free survival, breast cancer-specific mortality and assessment of patient quality of life. The study began in April 2023 and with a follow-up period of 60 months after the last participant completes radiation therapy.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSKY-2022-097-02, V.3.1). It adheres to the Helsinki Declaration and Good Clinical Practice. Research findings will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04069884.
Schizophrenia, antipsychotic treatment adherence and driver responsibility for motor vehicle crash: a population-based retrospective study in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Staples John A , Daly-Grafstein Daniel , Khan Mayesha , Pei Lulu X , Erdelyi Shannon , Rezansoff Stefanie N , Chan Herbert , Honer William G , Brubacher Jeffrey R 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between schizophrenia, antipsychotic medication adherence and driver responsibility for motor vehicle crash.DesignRetrospective observational cohort study using 20 years of population-based administrative health and driving data.SettingBritish Columbia, Canada.ParticipantsLicensed drivers who were involved in a police-attended motor vehicle crash in British Columbia over a 17-year study interval (2000–16).ExposuresIncident schizophrenia was identified using hospitalisation and physician services data. Antipsychotic adherence was estimated using prescription fill data to calculate the ‘medication possession ratio’ (MPR) in the 30 days prior to crash.Primary outcome measuresWe deemed drivers ‘responsible’ or ‘non-responsible’ for their crash by applying a validated scoring tool to police-reported crash data. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association between crash responsibility and exposures of interest.ResultsOur cohort included 808 432 drivers involved in a police-attended crash and for whom crash responsibility could be established. In total, 1689 of the 2551 drivers with schizophrenia and 432 430 of the 805 881 drivers without schizophrenia were deemed responsible for their crash, corresponding to a significant association between schizophrenia and crash responsibility (66.2% vs 53.7%; adjusted OR (aOR), 1.67; 95% CI, 1.53 to 1.82; p<0.001). The magnitude of this association was modest relative to established crash risk factors (eg, learner license, age ≥65 years, impairment at time of crash). Among the 1833 drivers with schizophrenia, near-optimal antipsychotic adherence (MPR ≥0.8) in the 30 days prior to crash was not associated with lower crash responsibility (aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.30; p=0.55).ConclusionsCrash-involved drivers with schizophrenia are more likely to be responsible for their crash, but the magnitude of risk is similar to socially acceptable risk factors such as older age or possession of a learner license. Contemporary driving restrictions for individuals with schizophrenia appear to adequately mitigate road risks, suggesting more stringent driving restrictions are not warranted.
How is momentary well-being and stress associated in persons with spinal cord injury and their romantic partners? A study protocol for a dyadic everyday life study
Authors: Lüscher Janina , Lüthi Simone 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionVery little is known about daily life dynamics and mutual influences that tie together well-being and psychobiological stress responses in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their romantic partners in particular. The role of social support and physical activity in the associations between emotional well-being and stress has not been investigated in the context of SCI yet and studies applying a dyadic approach, exploring the role of a romantic partner, are currently unavailable. The overall objective is thus to better understand the interplay between emotional well-being and the psychobiological stress marker cortisol, and to investigate the potentially moderating role of social support and physical activity in the well-being–stress association among persons with SCI and their romantic partners using a dyadic perspective.Methods and analysisThe stRess and Health Among romantic couPles with Spinal cOrD injurY study, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (10001C_204739), aims to recruit N=150 community-dwelling persons with SCI and their romantic partners including three phases of data collection. The first phase includes a baseline questionnaire. The second phase, the time sampling phase, comprises an ecological momentary assessment design in the everyday life of couples where both partners provide concurrent salivary cortisol samples five times a day and complete assessments four times a day over seven consecutive days. Wrist-worn accelerometers record physical activity during this period. The third phase is an observational study in the laboratory, where a couples’ discussion on the SCI management in their everyday life is recorded and coded to identify a couple-specific coping with SCI to enrich data. The dyadic data will be analysed using multilevel modelling, based on the actor−partner interdependence model framework.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the ethics committee of Northwest and Central Switzerland (2022–01072) and findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
Coping strategies used by informal family caregivers of individuals living with mental illness in the Upper East Region of Ghana: a qualitative study
Authors: Daliri Dennis Bomansang , Aninanya Gifty Apiung , Laari Timothy Tienbia , Abagye Nancy , Afaya Agani 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundCaregivers’ responsibilities for caring for individuals living with mental illness have grown in the last three decades, owing mostly to the transition of mental health treatment from institutions to community-based psychiatric services. Due to the burden that ensues with caring for individuals living with mental illness, many caregivers adopt different strategies to deal with the challenges.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the coping strategies of informal family caregivers of individuals living with mental illness in the Upper East Region of Ghana.DesignThe study adopted a descriptive qualitative study design. Fitheen informal family caregivers were purposively sampled from two hospitals in the Upper East Region of GhanaSetting and participantsThe study was conducted in the Upper East Region of Ghana among informal family caregivers of individuals living with mental illness.ResultsFour themes emerged from the analysis of the data including self-motivation, religious coping, social support and engagement in leisure activities. While some family caregivers received support from family members, most of them were self-motivated, resorted to prayer, kept faith in God and engaged in leisure activities to cope with the burden of caregiving.ConclusionInformal family caregivers experience several challenges and therefore adopt different strategies to cope with the burden of caregiving. They require psychoeducation to understand the burden and to adapt acceptable coping mechanisms.
Associations of the staffing structure of intensive care units and high care units on in-hospital mortality among patients with sepsis: a cross-sectional study of Japanese nationwide claims data
Authors: Umegaki Takeshi , Nishimoto Kota , Kamibayashi Takahiko 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe objective was to analyse the associations of intensive care unit (ICU) and high care unit (HCU) organisational structure on in-hospital mortality among patients with sepsis in Japan’s acute care hospitals.DesignMulticentre cross-sectional study.SettingsPatients with sepsis aged ≥18 years who received critical care in acute care hospitals throughout Japan between April 2018 and March 2019 were identified using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB).InterventionsNone.Participants10 968 patients with sepsis were identified. ICUs were categorised into three groups: type 1 ICUs (fulfilling stringent staffing criteria such as experienced intensivists and high nurse-to-patient ratios), type 2 ICUs (less stringent criteria) and HCUs (least stringent criteria).Primary outcome measureThe study’s primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to examine the impact of ICU/HCU groups on in-hospital mortality.ResultsWe analysed 2411 patients (178 hospitals) in the type 1 ICU group, 3653 patients (422 hospitals) in the type 2 ICU group and 4904 patients (521 hospitals) in the HCU group. When compared with the type 1 ICU group, the adjusted HRs for in-hospital mortality were 1.12 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.21) for the type 2 ICU group and 1.17 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.26) for the HCU group.ConclusionICUs that fulfil more stringent staffing criteria were associated with lower in-hospital mortality among patients with sepsis than HCUs. Differences in organisational structure may have an association with outcomes in patients with sepsis, and this was observed by the NDB.
Safety of intracranial venous stenting in patients with nickel allergy
Authors: McGrath Margaret , Clarke Julian , Midtlien Jackson P , Fargen Kyle M , Ali Haider , Amans Matthew R , Hui Ferdinand , Brinjikji Waleed , Levitt Michael R 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundNickel hypersensitivity is the most common metal related allergy. Nickel containing alloys are frequently used in endovascular devices. The use of intracranial stents in patients with nickel hypersensitivity appears to be safe, but these small series only evaluated arterial stent placement. This case series aimed to assess the safety of intracranial venous stent placement in patients with documented nickel allergy.MethodsIn this retrospective multicenter case series, patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and documented nickel allergy underwent treatment with a permanently implanted nickel containing stent in the dural venous sinuses.ResultsNine patients with nickel allergy were included. All patients reported clinical improvement in their idiopathic intracranial hypertension symptoms. Of the five patients who had follow-up intracranial venous imaging, all stents remained patent. No patients experienced intraoperative, postoperative, or long term procedure related complications, with follow-up ranging from 1.8 weeks to 49.1 months.ConclusionIn this limited case series, the use of nickel containing stents in intracranial venous sinuses in patients with nickel allergy did not result in any allergic reaction or adverse outcome.
Home-based telerehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: a scoping review
Authors: Shirozhan Shima , Rafiee-Vardanjani Leila , Motie Mahdieh , Mohamadi Shamaneh 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundIntroducing home-based telerehabilitation (TR) approaches helps clinical experts to choose appropriate and effective interventions and researchers identify knowledge gaps to design clinical trial studies and systematic reviews.PurposeThis study aimed to review the knowledge of home-based TR in multiple sclerosis.MethodThis scoping review study was conducted based on Arksey and O'Malley’s five-step approach. The Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Sciences, Scopus and ProQuest databases were searched in 2017–2024 to find full-text English-language articles.FindingsIn 25 studies reviewed, various and extensive home-based interventions have been used in physical and cognitive aspects.ConclusionHome-based rehabilitation is applicable, useful, safe and affordable, maintains the continuity of the rehabilitation process and increases patients’ adherence to the rehabilitation programme. However, there are challenges such as patients’ lack of familiarity with technology and limitations of outcome measurement tools that should be addressed in future studies.