bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Nitinol Stents for End‐Stage Tracheal Collapse in Dogs
Authors: Durant April M. , Sura Patricia , Rohrbach Barton , Bohling Mark W. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveTo report bronchoscopic placement of nitinol stents (Vet Stent—Trachea®) for improvement of end‐stage clinical signs in dogs with tracheal collapse.Study DesignCase series.Sample PopulationDogs (n = 18).MethodsMedical records (January 1, 2004–October 31, 2008) were searched for dogs with a diagnosis of tracheal collapse; 18 dogs met inclusion criteria. Tracheal diameter was compared before and after stent deployment. Stent dimensions were compared after stent deployment and at radiographic follow‐up.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the minimum tracheal diameter when initial and post deployment tracheal diameters were compared (P= .003). Stent length was significantly shorter at follow‐up when compared to post deployment measurements (P= .004). Owner assessment of outcome was available for all dogs with 11.1% mortality within 60 days. Complications were documented in 9 dogs.ConclusionsUse of a nitinol stent (Vet Stent—Trachea®) in dogs with end‐stage tracheal collapse is associated with a fair to good outcome despite significant temporal stent fore shortening after bronchoscopic placement.
RHCE*cE734C allele encodes an altered c antigen and a suppressed E antigen not detected with standard reagents
Authors: Silvy Monique , Barrault Aurélie , Velliquette Randall W. , Lomas‐Francis Christine , Simon Sophie , Mortelecque Rosanna , Chiaroni Jacques , Bierling Philippe , Noizat‐Pirenne France , Bailly Pascal , Tournamille Christophe 
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND: The RH blood group system has many RHCE variant alleles that have arisen through gene conversion or nucleotide changes. Two probands, with red blood cells (RBCs) that were D+C+E−c+we+ were sent to our laboratories to resolve the weak c expression.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Hemagglutination tests were performed by automated and manual procedures. Genomic DNA analysis was performed by sequencing of Exons 1 to 10 of RHCE and RHD.RESULTS: The probands' RBCs did not react with standard monoclonal anti‐E reagents from Bio‐Rad, Diagast, DiaMed, Immucor, Ortho, and Quotient. The RBCs reacted variably with anti‐c reagents from Diagast, DiaMed, Immucor, or Ortho and did not react with the Quotient anti‐c reagent. Surprisingly, sequencing results of RHCE showed the presence of C/G at Position 676 (E/e polymorphism) and the association of the E polymorphism with a 734T>C transition in Exon 5 of the RHCE, encoding a Leu245Pro amino acid substitution in the mature RhcE polypeptide. Replacement of leucine 245 by proline in the eighth transmembrane domain of the RhcE protein may have a steric effect on the protein such that most anti‐E reagents do not bind and the interaction between anti‐c and c antigen is also affected.CONCLUSION: We report a novel RHCE*cE allele, RHCE*cE734C, which was assigned the provisional ISBT allele name RHCE*cE.14 or RHCE*03.14. It was found in two probands whose RBCs had weakened c expression and typed E− with conventional anti‐E reagents. These data, once again, highlight the fact that the genotype does not always reflect the phenotype.
Severe Portopulmonary Hypertension Associated with an Unusual Pattern of Abernethy Malformation: Three‐Dimensional Computed Tomography View
Authors: Caputo Salvatore , Manganiello Carmine Augusto Tommaso 
Published: September 2012

Mini‐AbstractIn a 28‐year‐old female, with symptoms and clinical signs of right heart failure, transthoracic echocardiography and abdominal, three‐dimensional, contrast‐enhanced, computed tomography revealed a rare type of portopulmonary hypertension. She had a severe pulmonary artery hypertension associated with an unusual (and, to our knowledge, not previously described) pattern of Abernethy malformation, with absence of the portal vein, but partial, extrahepatic portosystemic shunt, as the superior mesenteric vein went to the liver, but the splenic vein drained into the inferior vena cava.
Sintering Mechanisms of LiF‐Doped Mg–Al‐Spinel
Authors: Müller Mathis M. , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim 
Published: September 2012

A model system of Mg–Al‐spinel doped with 5 wt% lithium fluoride was examined using transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction to verify three major processes during sintering, as postulated in literature. Densification and sintering is facilitated by the addition of LiF that forms different transient phases, which are detectable at various stages of the densification process. The postulated mechanisms (i) wetting–dewetting, (ii) incorporation of oxygen vacancies, and (iii) dissolution–reprecipation could be verified in this model system; however, being effective at different temperature regimes.
Agricultural water management and poverty in Ethiopia
Authors: Hagos Fitsum , Jayasinghe Gayathri , Awulachew Seleshi Bekele , Loulseged Mekonnen , Yilma Aster Denekew 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe main focus of this article is to explore whether access to selected agricultural water management (AWM) technologies has led to significant reduction in poverty and, if they did so, to identify which technologies had higher impacts. In measuring impact we estimated the average treatment effect for the treated on crop income and measured the differences in consumption expenditures per adult equivalent of those with access and without access using matched data. The estimated average treatment effect was significant and amounted to USD 82 per season. Moreover, there was 24 less poverty incidence among users of AWM technologies compared to nonusers. All technologies were found to have significant poverty reducing impacts with micro dams, deep wells, river diversions, and ponds leading to 37%, 26%, 11%, and 9% reduction in poverty incidence compared to rainfed system. Finally, our study identified the most important correlates of poverty on the basis this we made the policy recommendations to build assets (AWM technologies, livestock, etc); to enhance human resource development and improve the functioning of labor markets for enhanced impact of AWM technologies on poverty.
Body mass index and depressive symptoms: instrumental‐variables regression with genetic risk score
Authors: Jokela M. , Elovainio M. , Keltikangas‐Järvinen L. , Batty G. D. , Hintsanen M. , Seppälä I. , Kähönen M. , Viikari J. S. , Raitakari O. T. , Lehtimäki T. , Kivimäki M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe causal role of obesity in the development of depression remains uncertain. We applied instrumental‐variables regression (Mendelian randomization) to examine the association of adolescent and adult body mass index (BMI) with adult depressive symptoms. Participants were from the Young Finns prospective cohort study (n = 1731 persons, 2844 person‐observations), with repeated measurements of BMI and depressive symptoms (modified Beck's Depression Inventory). Genetic risk score of 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms previously identified as robust genetic markers of body weight was used as a proxy for variation in BMI. In standard linear regression analysis, higher adult depressive symptoms were predicted by higher adolescent BMI (B = 0.33, CI = 0.06–0.60, P = 0.017) and adult BMI (B = 0.47, CI = 0.32–0.63, P < 0.001). These associations were replicated in instrumental‐variables analysis with genetic risk score as instrument (B = 1.96, CI = 0.03–3.90, P = 0.047 for adolescent BMI; B = 1.08, CI = 0.11–2.04, P = 0.030 for adult BMI). The association for adolescent BMI was significantly stronger in the instrumented analysis compared to standard regression (P = 0.04). These findings provide additional evidence to support a causal role for high BMI in increasing symptoms of depression. However, the present analysis also demonstrates potential limitations of applying Mendelian randomization when using complex phenotypes.
Magnetron Sputtered Ni‐rich Nickel Oxide Nano‐Films for Resistive Switching Memory Applications
Authors: Liu Zhen , Chen Tu pei , Liu Yang , Zhang Sam 
Published: September 2012

Radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering has been used to deposit Ni‐rich nickel oxide nano‐films to form a metal‐insulator‐metal structure, which exhibits resistive switching behavior. Memory characteristics of the structure have been investigated. The ratio of the current of the structure at the reading voltage of 0.05 V between a low‐resistance state (LRS) and a high‐resistance state (HRS) was observed to be >103, showing a large memory window at a very low reading voltage. The memory window was well maintained within the time limit of the experiment (5 × 104 s), exhibiting good memory retention. The current transport at both the LRS and HRS has been studied, and the result suggests that the formation and annihilation of a conductive filament are responsible for the resistive switching.
X-ray polarimetry as a new tool to discriminate reflection from absorption scenarios — predictions for MCG-6-30-15
Authors: Marin F. , Goosmann R. W. , Dovčiak M. , Muleri F. , Porquet D. , Grosso N. , Karas V. , Matt G. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We present modelling of X-ray polarization spectra emerging from the two competing scenarios that are proposed to explain the broad Fe Kα line in the Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG-6-30-15. The polarization signature of complex absorption is studied for a partial covering scenario using a clumpy wind and compared to a reflection model based on the lamppost geometry. The shape of the polarization percentage and angle as a function of photon energy are found to be distinctly different between the reflection and the absorption cases. Relativistic reflection produces significantly stronger polarization in the 1–10 keV energy band than absorption. The spectrum of the polarization angle adds additional constraints: in the absorption case it shows a constant shape, whereas the relativistic reflection scenario typically leads to a smooth rotation of the polarization angle with photon energy. Based on this work, we conclude that a soft X-ray polarimeter onboard a small X-ray satellite may already discriminate between the absorption and the reflection scenarios. A promising opportunity may arise with the X-ray Imaging Polarimetry Explorer mission, which has been proposed to the European Space Agency in response to a small-size (S-class) mission call due for launch in 2017.
Oxidative Stability and Consumer Acceptance of Fish Oil Fortified Nutrition Bars
Authors: Hughes Brianna H. , Muzzy Heather M. , Laliberte Lauriane C. , Grenier Hannah S. , Perkins L. Brian , Skonberg Denise I. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  Oat and soy‐based nutrition bars were fortified with 4 levels of fish oil (0, 6, 12, or 18 g per approximately 600 g batch), representing 0%, 20%, 40%, or 60% replacement of canola oil. The commercially available purified fish oil was not emulsified nor encapsulated, and contained tocopherols. Baked nutrition bars were evaluated for proximate composition, water activity, alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) content, and consumer acceptance using a 9‐point hedonic scale. The bars were sealed in opaque bags and stored in a stability chamber at 25 °C and 50% relative humidity for 10 wk to assess oxidative stability. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in proximate composition, water activity, or ALA levels among treatments. EPA and DHA levels were significantly (P < 0.05) different among treatments, averaging 178.1 mg/serving (20‐FO), 488.3 mg/serving (40‐FO), and 664.6 mg/serving (60‐FO), but none changed during storage. Headspace hexanal and propanal levels decreased over time but were not significantly different among treatments until week 10. Peroxide values were not significantly different except between the control and 60‐FO bars. Low values obtained for these analyses suggest negligible oxidation in the bars. Consumer acceptance scores did not differ significantly between the control and lowest fortification level (20‐FO), ranging from 6.4 to 6.6 for aroma, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability. These results suggest that nonemulsified, nonencapsulated fish oil can successfully replace canola oil in intermediate moisture nutrition bars to provide EPA and DHA levels as high as 178 mg/serving without affecting consumer acceptability or oxidative stability.Practical Application:  Omega‐3 fatty acid rich fish oil has been shown to have numerous health benefits, but there are limitations to its use in shelf‐stable food products. In this study, nutrition bars were successfully fortified with nonencapsulated, nonemulsified fish oil to deliver 178 mg EPA and DHA per 35 g serving. The fortified bars were oxidatively stable over 10 wk and acceptable to consumers.
Analysis of the Effect of the Beavers‐Joseph Interface Condition on Flow in Karst Conduits1
Authors: Li Guangquan , Cheng Yuan , Zhao Bei 
Published: September 2012

Li, Guangquan, Yuan Cheng, and Bei Zhao, 2012. Analysis of the Effect of the Beavers‐Joseph Interface Condition on Flow in Karst Conduits. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00683.xAbstract:  In this study, we derive an approximate analytic solution for the distribution of flow velocity in a cylindrical conduit and the surrounding media, and analyze the effect of differing parameters (e.g., conduit radius) on the velocity of conduit flow. The solution is then employed to estimate the thickness of the boundary layer inside the media. The results reveal that when conduit radius is large, the Beavers‐Joseph condition has only a minor effect on the velocity of conduit flow (such that the nonslip condition on the conduit wall still works pretty well), and the boundary layer is so thin that the wall can still be treated as the interface between fast water in the conduit and slow water in the media. The solution indicates that the velocity of conduit flow is the superposition of the velocity profile in the nonslip situation onto the slip velocity on the wall. Our study theoretically shows that the coupled continuum pipe flow model in MODFLOW‐2005 constructed by the U.S. Geological Survey is reasonable in that there is no need to consider the Beavers‐Joseph condition when simulating flow in karst conduits. The role of the boundary layer in transport and its effect on the hyporheic zone is not clear, which is a suitable topic for future study.
Simultaneous estimation of inflow and channel roughness using 2D hydraulic model and particle filters
Authors: Kim Y. , Tachikawa Y. , Shiiba M. , Kim S. , Yorozu K. , Noh S.J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Sequential Importance Resampling method is introduced to a two dimensional hydraulic model to estimate inflow and Manning roughness coefficient (Manning's n) simultaneously. The equifinality problem between the Manning's n and the inflow is considered using the proposed method. To solve the problem, we introduce the variance reduction factor and the correction factor in the perturbation step of the proposed method. The perturbed inflow and Manning's n were updated according to the observed water stage with state variables. The result of the proposed method shows good agreement with the observed discharge, which enabled us to estimate the Manning's n and inflow discharge at the same time considering the uncertainties of the existing rating curve. Finally, it showed that the methodology not only estimates the appropriate Manning's n but also improves the existing rating curve.
Prediction of surface and subsurface flow in catchments using the GIUH
Authors: Sabzevari T. , Fattahi M.H. , Mohammadpour R. , Noroozpour S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFlood estimation in ungauged catchments is one of the important points in designing hydraulic structures. In this paper, the geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) model previously suggested by Lee and Chang to estimate the surface and subsurface hydrographs of catchments was extended. To improve the model, a new equation was presented based on the Dunne–Black mechanism for separating the overland into saturated and unsaturated zones. Two new factors, soil thickness and rainfall recharge rate, were taken into account in calculations of the saturation zone length, and the travel times of surface and subsurface flows. The effect of saturation upon subsurface flow travel time was regarded in the GIUH model. The convolution equation for the estimation of the direct run‐off hydrograph (DRH) was improved according to the response of subsurface flow to rainfall recharge, and the response of surface flow to excess rainfall. The final model was employed to predict the surface and subsurface flows in the Kasilian catchment. The performance of the GIUH was found to be more effective, as reflected in lower root mean square error (1.24 m3/s) and relative mean absolute error (0.07). The average error was 8.78% to estimate the flood peak. In general, the efficiency of the model in the estimation of DRH was assessed as proper.
Are periurban areas key places to mitigate urban inundations?
Authors: Radojevic B. , Breil P. , Chocat B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a study that aims to evaluate the impact of periurban development on the flood regime of a small river crossing a densely urbanised area, the city of Lyon (France). This research was conducted on the catchment of the Yzeron River in western Lyon. Statistical tests showed that both flood frequency and severity have increased in this catchment, between two distinct periods: the 1970s and the 1990s. Evaluation of the specific impact of urban development on the flood regimes requires the paying of attention to all possible contributing factors. For that purpose, we used a diachronic approach, with hydrologic and land‐use data from the two periods. We used these data to calibrate a distributed hydrologic model and then to simulate the urban, periurban, and rural hydrologic contributions in the past but also in the future. We also compare the floodable vulnerability amount with the flood hazard increase between the two periods to assess what components mainly affect the flood risk during this land‐use evolution. Finally, the basin scale efficiency of a generalised on‐site rainwater retention technique is evaluated to know how that technique could contribute to mitigate flood risk.
A broad scale model for flood simulation in the Taihu Basin, China
Authors: Wicks J.M. , Hu C. , Scott M. , Chen L. , Cheng X. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPlanning for the long‐term management of flooding should be underpinned by credible evidence of current and future flood risk. Simulation of flood extents and depths is a key component of the evidence base of flood risk analysis, but flood modelling can be a time‐consuming activity. For scenario analysis studies, such as that undertaken on the Taihu Basin in China, the potentially extensive computational and staff time demands of standard flood modelling are compounded by the need for simulations of multiple futures over large areas. In this paper, we describe how a credible flood simulation method was selected and implemented for the Taihu Basin within the challenging data, resource and programme constraints. The lessons learned from the study are described and generalised to help inform modelling components of other studies, particularly broad scale analysis for flood risk management planning.
Long‐ and short‐term inpatients with schizophrenia in China: Implications for community‐based service development
Authors: Wu Guowei , Ouyang Xuan , Yang Bo , Li Li , Wang Zheng , Yi Wenying , Liu Chang , Wang Peng , Chiu Helen F.K. , Lee Edwin , Xue Zhimin , Rosenheck Robert , Liu Zhening 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntroductionThere is an increasing interest in the patterns of mental health care of people with serious mental illnesses in China, where outpatient and community‐based care are not fully developed and long‐term hospitalization is still not uncommon. Comparison of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of long‐term and short‐term inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia can be informative about pattern of treatment and their relationship to services needs.MethodsSeventy‐three long‐term schizophrenia inpatients (current length of stay of more than 5 years) were compared to 116 short‐term schizophrenia inpatients (current length of stay of 30 days or less) assessed with the Individual Background Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS).ResultsThere was no significant difference between the groups on the total PANSS symptom score but the short‐term inpatients scored significantly higher than their long‐term counterparts on the Positive Syndrome sub‐scale and the SSRS and lower on the Negative Syndrome sub‐scale.DiscussionDifferences in symptomatology and social functioning may be related to better medication adherence and more extended social isolation among long‐term inpatients while the increased positive symptoms are likely to reflect more acute disease process in short‐term inpatients, and possibly poorer medication adherence. These differences may be especially pronounced in developing countries like China in which community‐based services need to be more fully developed to facilitate medication adherence and prevent relapse, and to support community adjustment of socially isolated patients who otherwise require hospitalization.
Laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency
Authors: REMACHA ANGEL F. , SARDÁ M. PILAR , FERNÁNDEZ M. CRISTINA , MURGA M. JOSÉ 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYWorldwide, iron deficiency (ID) is the leading risk factor for disability and mortality, affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. ID results from any situation in which dietary iron intake does not balance iron demands because of increased iron requirements, limited external supply and/or increased blood loss. In absolute ID, ferritin stores are progressively diminished; the supply of iron to transferrin is compromised, and as a consequence transferrin saturation is decreased. In functional ID (FID), iron stores cannot be mobilized as fast as necessary from the repleted macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system to the bone marrow. This condition is typical of the anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) because of inflammation‐induced increased hepcidin levels. Both absolute and functional ID may evolve to ID anemia (IDA). The diagnosis of ACD + IDA remains challenging. In addition to a soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)/log ferritin ratio > 2, there are several important hematological indices that may help in the diagnosis of absolute ID in ACD, such as the reticulocyte hemoglobin content and the percentage of hypochromic red blood cells. In this paper we review the causes of ID, the different laboratory tests available and how to combine them to establish a correct diagnosis of ID, FID, IDA, ACD and ACD + IDA.