bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mg-Al-RE Magnesium Alloys for High-Pressure Die-Casting
Authors: Braszczyńska-Malik K.N. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Experimental Mg-Al-RE type magnesium alloys for high-pressure die-casting are presented. Alloys based on the commercial AM50 magnesium alloy with 1, 3 and 5 mass % of rare earth elements were fabricated in a foundry and cast in cold chamber die-casting machines. The obtained experimental casts have good quality surfaces and microstructure consisting of an α(Mg)-phase, Al11RE3, Al10RE2Mn7 intermetallic compound and small amount of α+γ eutectic and Al2RE phases.
The Crystal Segregation During Casting of the Alloy AlZn5.5Mg2.5Cu1.5
Authors: Weiss V. , Svobodova J. , Cais J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In the course of homogenizing annealing of aluminium alloys being cast continually or semi-continually it appears that chemical inhomogenity takes off within separate dendritic cells (crystal segregation). It is about a diffusion process that takes place at the temperature which approaches the liquid temperature of the material. In that process the transition of soluble intermetallic compounds and eutectic to solid solution occurs and it suppresses crystal segregation significantly [1]. The temperature, homogenization time, the size of dendritic cells and diffusion length influences homogenizing process. The article explores the optimization of homogenizing process in terms of its time and homogenizing annealing temperature which influence mechanical properties of AlZn5,5Mg2,5Cu1,5 alloy.
Research on Technology of Alloyed Copper Casting
Authors: Rzadkosz St. , Kranc M. , Garbacz-Klempka A. , Piękoś M. , Kozana J. , Cieślak W. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The work presents experiment results from the area of copper casting technology and chosen examples of alloyed copper. At present, copper casting technology is applied in many branches of industrial manufacturing, especially in the sector of construction, communications, arms and power engineering. Alloyed copper, containing slight additions of different elements and having special physio-chemical properties, is used in a special range of applications. Copper technology and alloyed copper analyses have been presented, these materials being used for cast manufacturing for power engineering. The quality of casts has been assessed, based on their microstructure analysis, chemical content and the cast properties. During the research, special deoxidizing and modifying agents were applied for copper and chosen examples of alloyed copper; also exemplary samples were tested with the help of metallographic analysis, electrical conductivity and gaseous impurities research.
Research on Reclamation and Activation of Moulding Sands Containing Water-Glass Hardened with Microwaves
Authors: Stachowicz M. , Granat K. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Presented are results of a research on usability of an innovative reclamation process of microwave-hardened moulding sands containing water-glass, combined with activation of binder. After each subsequent stage of reclamation, quality of the reclaimed material was determined on the grounds of measurements of permeability and results of screen analysis. The reclaimed material was next used again to prepare new moulding sand. The sandmix based on high-silica sand prepared with water-glass grade 145, was subject to the following cyclical treatment operations: mixing components, consolidation, microwave hardening, cooling, heating the mould up to 800 °C, cooling to ambient temperature, mechanical reclamation dry and wet. It was found that the used-up and reclaimed sandmix containing water-glass is susceptible to the applied activation process of thermally reacted film of binder and, in addition, it maintains good quality and technological properties of high-silica base. Observations of surfaces of reclaimed high-silica grains with activated film of reacted inorganic binder were carried-out using a scanning microscope. Thanks to properly selected reclamation parameters, the high-silica base can be reused even five times, thus reducing demand for fresh aggregate and inorganic binder.
Badenian (Middle Miocene) echinoids and starfish from western Ukraine, and their biogeographic and stratigraphic significance
Authors: Radwański Andrzej , Górka Marcin , Wysocka Anna 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Echinoderms from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of the Fore-Carpathian Basin of western Ukraine are facies restricted. The Mykolaiv Beds, stratigraphically older, yielded the starfish Astropecten forbesi (complete skeletons), two genera of sand dollars (Parascutella, Parmulechinus), and numerous other echinoids of the genera Psammechinus , Echinocyamus, Spatangus, Hemipatagus, Echinocardium, Clypeaster, Echinolampas, and Conolampas. The stratigraphically younger, calcareous Ternopil Beds yielded Eucidaris (complete coronae, isolated spines), Arbacina , Brissus, and Rhabdobrissus. Sixteen species of echinoids are distinguished and/or commented. A new brissid, Rhabdobrissus tarnopolensis sp. nov., is established. A mass occurrence of some species (Psammechinus dubius and Hemipatagus ocellatus) contrasts with that of mass aggregations (sand dollars and Echinocardium leopolitanum) by dynamic events in selected layers of proximal tempestites. Of special note is the occurrence of very small specimens, interpreted as juveniles (‘babies’) having been swept out of their restricted biotopes (‘nurseries’). Some species hitherto regarded as of Early Miocene age, and the problem of their persistence beyond the Fore-Carpathian Basin and/or migration into that basin during the Middle Miocene transgression are discussed.
Environmental changes of the Mazovian (Holsteinian /~MIS 11) palaeolake near Szymanowo (eastern Poland) in the light of malacological analysis
Authors: Szymanek Marcin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The malacofauna of the palaeolake deposits at Szymanowo (eastern Poland) was investigated. It represents the younger part of the climatic optimum of the Mazovian (Holsteinian) Interglacial (~MIS 11) and possibly the postoptimal period. The mollusc assemblage is composed of both standing and running water species, mostly connected with temperate climate. The presence of biostratigraphical indicators of the Mazovian, Viviparus diluvianus (Kunth, 1865), Lithoglyphus jahni Urbański, 1975 and Pisidium clessini Neumayr, 1875, is noteworthy. Variability in the structure and composition of the assemblage enables palaeoecological reconstruction. Changes in the water-level, vegetation and energy conditions are inferred from the malacological succession. Three stages of the lake development were distinguished. The first one is connected with deeper conditions and predominance of V. diluvianus and L. jahni. The second one, dominated by Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758), records a fall of the water-level and the growth of aquatic plants, evidenced by high frequencies of Valvata cristata Muller, 1774 and Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758). The third stage corresponds to another rise of the water-level and an increase in V. diluvianus, L. jahni, Valvata piscinalis Muller, 1774 and Pisidium henslowanum (Sheppard, 1823), which evidence some higher energy conditions.
Methodology of Designing the Geometry of the Bevel Gear Using Numerical Simulation to Generate the Teeth Flank Surfaces
Authors: Pisula Jadwiga , Płocica Mieczysław 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The present paper describes modern methodology of the bevel gear design with a particular focus on issues concerning the theoretical basis and the preparation of the numerical simulation of the machining. The assumptions used in developing the mathematical model of cutting teeth are given and an example of the teeth flank surfaces of a gear and a pinion resulting from the virtual processing is shown. The correctness of the mathematical model of cutting teeth was verified by comparing the resulting based on the model grid points, the side of the tooth surface, resulting from the simulation cutting teeth in CAD. A high convergence of the two surface geometry was demonstrated, which allows for the use of the analysis for each of the models independently.
Influence of Different Random Pattern Creation Forms on the Results of Experimental Modal Analysis Performed by High-Speed Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Hagara Martin , Schrötter Martin , Lengvarský Pavol 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this contribution an influence of random contrast patterns creation on the quality of the obtained results of experimental modal analysis performed by high-speed digital image correlation is described. Three common forms of random pattern creation were investigated. While the first form was presented by the black speckles printed on white matt vinyl foil and bonded on the sample surface, in the second and the third case, respectively, the black speckles were sprayed on white sprayed sample surface or on paint white one. For the purposes of modal parameters estimation in the form of natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios the program called Modan3D, developed in the authors department, was used. The results obtained by Modan3D were compared with the results achieved by system Pulse specialized for vibration analysis.
Stresses in Coating with Gradient Interlayer caused by Contact Loading
Authors: Kulchytsky-Zhyhailo Roman , Bajkowski Adam Stanisław 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The three-dimensional problem of elasticity concerning inhomogeneous half-space under normal and tangential loading applied in circular region was considered. The half-space is composed of the homogeneous body and double-layer coating which includes a homogeneous top coat and a gradient interlayer. The solution method is based on the two-dimensional integral Fourier transform. The influence of mechanical properties of coatings component and coefficient of friction on the first principal stress distribution was considered.
The Study of Stab Resistance of Dry Aramid Fabrics
Authors: Barnat Wiesław , Sokołowski Dariusz 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the issue of a knife proof ballistic package. This issue was emphasized since most of modern vests are designed to match the threat posed to them only by firearms. There was observed negligence of protection against melee attacks. There is, thus, a need to develop a research methodology in this matter, because it is a valid and necessary problem in a modern developed society. The aim of this study was to perform a numerical model which simulated the phenomenon of penetration of a ballistic package by an engineering blade. Specification of an engineering blade was taken from standard NIJ Standard-0115.00. Commercial software LSDYNA was used to carry out the analysis.
The UV and IR Comparative Spectrophotometric Study of Some Saturated and Lacunary Polyoxometalates
Authors: Grama Lavinia , Boda F. , Gaz Florea A.S. , Curticăpean A. , Muntean Daniela-Lucia 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Objectives: The polyoxometalates are a class of inorganic compounds with controllable shapes and sizes, and with excellent properties that make them attractive for various applications. This study is aimed at the comparative UV and IR spectra of Keggin type polyoxometalates.
Methods: Compounds under (UV and IR) investigations were divided into several groups to highlight similarities between compounds or classes of compounds for the same category. There are four types of saturated Keggin structures and six lacunar compounds included in this study. The study begins with the UV investigations on aqueous solutions with 10-5 M concentration for these compounds. IR spectra were recorded as KBr pressed pellets.
Results: The UV spectras presents large strong peaks between 185-195 nm corresponding to W = Od bonds, between 251-268 nm for W-O-W bridge bonds, depending on heteroatom types (As, Sb). The unsaturated cryptand ligand having Co2+ coordinated presents the most intense peak, due to the involvement of oxygen atoms from terminal W = Od coordinative bonds with high electronic densities in coordination of W-O-Co bond. The IR spectra present many peaks that are associated as follows: for terminal bonds W = Od, 955-970 cm-1; for W-OW bridging bonds, 790-910 cm-1; for W-O-As/Sb bonds to heteroatom, 690-760 cm-1. Vibrations of the bonds between heteroatoms and oxygen (As/Sb-O) appear around 620-660 cm-1.
Conclusions: Similarities appear from the recorded spectra, between compounds of the same class, by category association. Very fine displacements of peaks that occur explain the influence of heteroatoms, addenda atoms or coordinated cations.
The Loss of Correction in Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Treated by Surgery. Can We Predict It?
Authors: Anghel S. , Márton D. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Objective: This paper aims to differentially depict potential patterns of the loss of correction in surgically treated thoraco-lumbar burst fractures. These may eventually serve to foreseeing and even forestalling loss of correction.
Methods: The study focused on 253 patients with surgically treated thoraco-lumbar fractures. This cohort of patients was clustered in four subgroups according to the fracture spine segment (T11-L1 or L1-L2) and surgery type (short segment fi xation or anterior approach). Relevant recorded and processed data were the fracture level, post-operative (Kpo) and last follow-up (Kf) kyphosis angle values. Correlation, regression and determination testing were performed for the last follow-up kyphosis angle and post-operative kyphosis angle, and regression equations were determined for each subgroup of patients.
Results: The patterns of loss of correction were described through the following equations: Kf = 0.95*Kpo + 3.2° for the T11-L1 level fractured vertebrae treated by posterior short segment fixation; Kf = 0.98*Kpo + 3.4° for the L1-L2 level fractured vertebrae treated by posterior short segment fixation; Kf = 1.1*Kpo + 1.6° for the T11-L1 level fractured vertebrae treated by anterior approach; and Kf = 0.7*Kpo + 2.8° for the L1-L2 level fracture vertebrae treated by anterior approach.
Conclusions: The loss of correction may be predicted, to a certain extent, for thoraco-lumbar fractured vertebrae treated surgically. The bestfit equations depicted for both type of surgery (short segment fixation and anterior approach) and both spinal segments (T11-L1 and L2-L3) are significantly different than the equations delineated for the collapse of non-surgically treated fractures.
Correlation of Serum and Synovial Osteocalcin, Osteoprotegerin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha with the Disease Severity Score in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Csifo Enikő , Katona Tímea , Arseni Juliánna , Nagy E. , Gergely I. , Nagy Ö. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Objectives: Study of circulating and synovial levels of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in patients with different stages of knee osteoarthritis and correlation analysis of these parameters with disease severity.
Methods: We enrolled 20 patients with different stages of knee osteoarthritis. The IKDC score (International Knee Documentation Comittee, 2000) was determined for each patient. Based on these data patients were divided into two groups: group I (advanced osteoarthritis) and group II (early osteoarthritis). Serum and synovial fluid levels of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, TNF-α were determined.
Results: For the entire group the level of osteocalcin in the serum showed higher values than in the synovial fluid. We found statistically significant differences in the serum levels of osteocalcin between the two groups (group I: 2.18 ± 0.54 ng/ml, group II: 6.07 ± 1.98 ng/ml, p = 0.019). Serum and synovial osteocalcin in the whole study lot could not be correlated with the disease score, however we observed a tendency towards significant negative correlation between the serum osteocalcin and IKDC score for group I and between synovial osteocalcin and IKDC score in group II. In the entire group, synovial osteoprotegerin concentration was six times higher than the serum osteoprotegerin level (p <0.0001) and TNF-α showed higher circulating levels than local concentrations.
Conclusions: In the advanced osteoarthritis group the serum and synovial osteocalcin show lower values than in the early osteoarthritis group, which means that as the disease progresses, bone anabolism decreases. In the case of osteoprotegerin, no significant difference between the two groups was detected.
Treatment Evaluation with Mometasone Furoate, Alone or in Combination with Desloratadine/ Montelukast in Moderate Severe Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Florincescu-Gheorghe Nona-Aura , Popescu Florica , Alexandru D.O. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergic diseases, characterized by the inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Eosinophils play a predominant pro-inflammatory role in allergic inflammation. This study assesses the effect of mometasone furoate alone or in combination with desloratadine/montelukast in patients with moderate-severe allergic rhinitis.
Material and method: This is a prospective study that took place over 8 weeks on 70 patients diagnosed with moderate-severe allergic rhinitis with sensitization to the pollen of Ambrosia elatior. The patients were evaluated on the basis of their symptoms using the total score of nasal symptoms, the score of individual nasal symptoms and the number of eosinophils in the nasal secretion.
Results: All 3 groups of patients had an improvement on the total nasal symptoms score. However, the combination of mometasone furoate with desloratadine provided statistically significant benefits on the total score of symptoms and on nasal itching as compared with mometasone furoate alone.
Conclusions: The association of mometasone furoate with desloratadine should be considered first-line treatment of moderate-severe allergic rhinitis due to the benefit both on the total symptom score and on of nasal itching.
Fanconi Anemia — Case Report of Rare Aplastic Anemia at Child
Authors: Deaconu Alina , Vodă Daniela , Bulucea D. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction: Fanconi anemia is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by congenital abnormalities, defective haematopoiesis, and a high risk of developing acute myeloid leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and cancers. FA was first described in 1927 by the Swiss pediatrician Guido Fanconi. The diagnosis is based on morphological abnormalities, hematologic abnormalities (pancytopenia, macrocytic anemia and progressive bone marrow failure) and genetic tests (cariograma).
Case report: We present the case of a child with Fanconi anemia. Although skin and bone morphological abnormalities were present from birth, diagnosis was suspected at 11 years old.
Conclusions: Fanconi anemia is a heterogeneous condition that can present a variety of congenital defects but invariably results in defective haemopoiesis, which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality.
Novel Factors Affecting Shoot Culture of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × Grandiflora)
Authors: Teixeira Da Silva Jaime A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Teixeira da Silva J.A., 2014: Novel factors affecting shoot culture of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflora) [Alternatyvių standiklių, skystų terpės priedų, CO2 sodrinimo ir kitų faktorių įtaka chrizantemų (Dendranthema × grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitamura) ūglių kultūrų auginimui]. - Bot. Lith., 20(1): 27-40.
Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitamura) continues to be one of the most important ornamental plants in the world. Although the tissue culture of chrysanthemum has been widely explored, several unexplored topics remain, and, in developing countries, there is always the constant search for reducing the cost of raising tissue cultured plants. In this study, by focusing on a leading market cultivar in Japan, ‘Shuhouno- chikara’, alternatives to agar (as the gelling agent) and sucrose (as the carbon source) for chrysanthemum tissue culture were sought. Both Gellan gum and agar resulted in greater shoot and root production than all other gelling agents tested, including Bacto agar, phytagel, oatmeal agar, potato dextrose agar, barley starch and corn starch. All of the alternative liquid-based medium additives tested (low and full fat milk, Coca-cola ®, coffee, Japanese green, Oolong and Darjeeling teas) negatively impacted plant growth, stunted roots and decreased chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of leaves. There was no difference between plants grown on medium with refined sucrose or table sugar, although poor growth was observed when stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) extract was used. Photoautotrophic micropropagation increased significantly the shoot mass relative to control plants, even when the density of plants was doubled. Aeration improved plantlet growth. The tetrazolium test was a simple, but effective essay to see the intensity and strength of root growth in different basal media. MDH activity decreased in the root+shoot extract of plants grown on most alternative media, but remained high on TCSGM (Teixeira’s chrysanthemum shoot growth medium), Gellan gum, aerated and CO2-enriched cultures. A similar trend was observed for deaminating GDH, while an opposite trend was observed for aminating GDH activity. These experiments indicate that tissue culture research for chrysanthemum still provides a rich field for exploration with interesting and valuable results
Response of Freshwater Bloom-Forming Planktonic Cyanobacteria to Global Warming and Nutrient Increase
Authors: Savadova Ksenija 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Savadova K., 2014: Response of freshwater bloom-forming planktonic cyanobacteria to global warming and nutrient increase [Planktoninių melsvabakterių atsakas į globalinį atšilimą ir maistmedžiagių kiekio padidėjimą gėluose vandens telkiniuose ]. - Bot. Lith., 20(1): 57-63.
Human activities stimulate changes in aquatic environment, promoting temperature rise and eutrophication. Disturbance in aquatic ecosystems lead to alterations in plankton communities and food web structure. Cyanobacteria, which are able to regulate their buoyancy, are adapted to low-light, high temperatures, are capable to store phosphorus and fix nitrogen, produce toxins, which help to acquire competitive traits over other phytoplankton species. So, increasing temperature and loadings of nutrients in lakes stimulate successful proliferation of cyanobacteria and heavy bloom formation. Usually higher temperature (> 20ºC) and lower N:P mass ratio determine the dominance of cyanobacteria species in lakes and this is expected to increase in the future