bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D mode shapes characterization under hammer impact using 3D-DIC and phase-based motion magnification
Authors: Yan Song , Zhang Zhiwei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Modal analysis constitutes a fundamental aspect of structural investigation within diverse engineering domains, encompassing sectors such as automotive, wind energy, and aerospace. The prominence of high-frequency excitation loads, exemplified by the combustion phenomena in liquid rocket engines, necessitates an in-depth examination of the high-frequency vibrational response within structural components. However, the complexity of evaluating high-frequency vibrations arises from the negligible displacement associated with these responses. When using an optical full-field measurement system based on a high-speed camera for vibration measurement, it is usually severely affected by noise. Direct analysis of raw data using an optical measurement system (3D-DIC) is not feasible. In this paper, we combine phase-based motion magnification and digital image correlation methods to obtain the high-frequency vibration modes of the structure. 3D-DIC(3D Digital Image Correlation)analysis is performed on the magnified images to quantify the out-of-plane vibration modes of the structure. Using the cantilever beam as an example, the first five out-of-plane vibration mode shapes were separated from the response video under a single hammer excitation. Especially the 5th order natural frequency is as high as 3503 Hz, and the corresponding structural response was below the noise floor of the camera system. The vibration mode results obtained by this method are highly consistent with the vibration modes obtained by the 3D-SLDV(3D Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer) method. Finally, this method was applied to identify the out-of-plane vibration modes of real engine pipe. The combination of motion magnification techniques and DIC can enhance the capability of traditional 3D-DIC, which is beneficial for high-frequency structural identification. Future research could concentrate on optimizing motion amplification factors for different structures and loads, and creating automated algorithms for analyzing and visualizing amplified motion data in real time.
Optimized the locations and sizes of FACTS devices on electrical network involving wind power using a new hybrid stochastic algorithm
Authors: Djeblahi Zahia , Mahdad Belkacem , Srairi Kamel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on utilizing a new hybrid optimization algorithm called the Fitness-Distance Balance-based Archimedes Optimization Algorithm (FDB-AOA) to solve the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems within a recently adopted electrical transmission grid, specifically the modified IEEE-30 bus system. This system integrates thermal and wind -based generating units, including various types of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. Several tests are performed where the stochastic wind energy is modeled using probability density functions. The optimization goal takes into account the cost of thermal generation, the direct cost of scheduled wind power, and the penalty cost for underestimating wind power. The locations and sizing of FACTS devices are optimized with aim of reducing several fitness functions. The optimization results achieved by the proposed method in solving single objective functions were more effective in finding the optimal solution compared to several well-known algorithms. The results show the superiority of the proposed method in the majority of case studies, as it achieved a better optimum solution with a total generation cost (

C

gen

) value of 806.9817 $/h, and a real power loss (

P

loss

) value 1.7619 MW, also yields a competitive gross cost (

C

gross

) value of 1104.6652 $/h compared to those obtained by the other algorithms. In contrast, the statistical analysis proven the superiority of this algorithm where the standard deviations (SD) required in solving the single objective problem (

C

gen

) is 0.0996, which are better compared to other techniques. the simulation results demonstrate that the FDB-AOA optimizer is robust than other approaches, like the Success history based-adaptive differential evolution (SHADE) algorithm, MSA (Moth Swarm Algorithm), and ABC (artificial bee colony) integrated with the SF (superiority of feasible solutions) approach, in solving OPF problems involving the integration of both thermal and wind power plants along with FACTS devices.
High-performance binary to gray code converter: balancing energy use and thermal stability
Authors: Aruna Patthi , Gurumurthy Komanapalli 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an advanced technology in quantum electronics, leveraging quantum cells as its fundamental unit. This article introduces a design for a Binary to Gray (BG) code converter using the QCA technology. The proposed design uses fewer cells than previous models and extends the bit size capability to five bits in a single layer to minimize complexity and improve efficiency. The primary goal is to develop energy and thermal efficient BG code converters. These designs achieve a cell count reduction of 45.16% for two-bit, 29.54% for three-bit, and 25.45% for four-bit converters while improving the overall area by 41.17%, 29.54%, and 40% for two-bit,three-bit, and four-bit converters, respectively, with a latency of 0.5. The 55-cell, five-bit BG converter takes up 0.07μ
m
2 and has a latency of 0.5. Comprehensive simulations were conducted using the QCADesigner, QCADesignerE 2.0.3, and QCA Pro tools to validate the proposed design’s functionality.
Performance of composite steel-concrete beam with stiffener next to web opening
Authors: Mastan Sheik , S Anandh , S Sindhu Nachiar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Openings are provided in Composite steel-concrete beams (CB) for the allowance of ducts and pipes, which generally reduces the beam’s flexural performance. So, to retain the strength of these beams, stiffeners are introduced adjacent to the web openings. Hence, a numerical study is performed to evaluate the influence of the stiffeners next to web openings through finite element analysis (FEA) software ABAQUS v6.14. Three different shapes of openings with three different placements of stiffeners are considered for the study, namely circular, rectangular, and triangular openings with stiffeners along longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal directions. As revealed from the findings of FEA, comparisons are made based on the ultimate load, stiffness, and stress distribution. From comparisons, it is found that double-sided longitudinal and transverse stiffeners next to the circle opening are comparable to conventional CB. Similarly, Diagonal stiffeners increase strength in rectangular and triangle openings. Transverse stiffeners failed to increase load capacity and decrease stress concentration compared to other longitudinal and diagonal stiffeners. Further validation for the finite element results is done using the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm, using the backpropagation variant technique of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results of ANN, i.e., Mean Square Error (MSE) and Multiple Determination Coefficient (R2), are above 0.9 and below 1, respectively. Thus, the results of ANN indicate that the provided results are perfectly fit for predicting with the ANN technique.
Measuring the Dunkelflaute: how (not) to analyze variable renewable energy shortage
Authors: Kittel Martin , Schill Wolf-Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As variable renewable energy (VRE) sources increasingly gain importance in global energy systems, there is a growing interest in understanding periods of VRE shortage (‘Dunkelflauten’). Defining, quantifying, and comparing such shortage events across different renewable generation technologies and locations presents a surprisingly intricate challenge. Various methodological approaches exist in different bodies of literature, which have been applied to single technologies in specific locations or technology portfolios across multiple regions. We provide an overview of various methods for quantifying VRE shortage, focusing either on supply from variable renewables or its mismatch with electricity demand. We explain and critically discuss the merits and challenges of different approaches for defining and identifying shortage events and propose further methodological improvements for more accurate shortage determination. Additionally, we elaborate on comparability requirements for multi-technological and multi-regional energy shortage analysis. In doing so, we aim to contribute to unifying disparate methodologies, harmonizing terminologies, and providing guidance for future research.
Introduction
Authors: Fossati Marta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This Introduction uses Nadine Gordimer’s definition of the short story as a ‘flash of fireflies’ as the starting point for a discussion of the monograph’s core thematic concerns and key theoretical engagements. After assessing the importance of the short story in South Africa and other postcolonial contexts—notwithstanding the form’s status as ‘minor genre’—this Introduction outlines the debate in South African letters around the aesthetics of Black protest writing in the wake of Njabulo Ndebele’s critical interventions. It also addresses the generic hybridity of some of the short stories considered, arguing that their proximity to literary journalism and their realist style should be considered as integrated aesthetic dimensions of the South African short story in English by Black writers.
Experimentalism in Herbert Dhlomo’s Ten ‘Unpublished’ Short Stories
Authors: Fossati Marta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers, for the first time, a close reading of all the short stories written by Herbert Dhlomo between the early 1930s and the late 1940s. By considering these fictions in conjunction with Dhlomo’s journalistic pieces, this chapter argues that Dhlomo’s stories tackle important coeval themes, thus testifying to a fascinating take on South Africa just before the onset of apartheid. The chapter dissects the complex aesthetic structure of Dhlomo’s stories, with a particular focus on the use of intertextuality and on instances of generic hybridity. It also interrogates Dhlomo’s position—as a New African writer—in relation to modernity and global modernism(s), calling for a re-evaluation of his experimental prose fiction. This chapter ultimately suggests that Dhlomo’s short stories prefigure, in some respects, later prose fiction by the Drum writers and Mtutuzeli Matshoba.
Foreign Entanglement, Foreign Officials, and the ‘War on Drugs’
Authors: Nili Shmuel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the tension between the American (and global) interest in deterring drug-related crimes, and the moral duty of the United States to defer to the wishes of foreign societies that have been suffering from staggering drug-related violence triggered (to a significant extent) by the United States’ own ‘War on Drugs’. More specifically, the chapter explores this tension by inquiring into the ways in which the United States might use its own jurisdiction to either protect (via asylum) or attack (via criminal prosecution) foreign officials who have collaborated with drug cartels—some, culpably, others, under duress. The relational priority principle helps us to see which of these jurisdictional decisions are justified, which are not, and why.
Allura Red AC is a xenobiotic. Is it also a carcinogen?
Authors: Hofseth Lorne J , Hebert James R , Murphy Elizabeth Angela , Trauner Erica , Vikas Athul , Harris Quinn , Chumanevich Alexander A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Merriam-Webster and Oxford define a xenobiotic as any substance foreign to living systems. Allura Red AC (a.k.a., E129; FD&C Red No. 40), a synthetic food dye extensively used in manufacturing ultra-processed foods and therefore highly prevalent in our food supply, falls under this category. The surge in synthetic food dye consumption during the 70s and 80s was followed by an epidemic of metabolic diseases and the emergence of early-onset colorectal cancer in the 1990s. This temporal association raises significant concerns, particularly given the widespread inclusion of synthetic food dyes in ultra-processed products, notably those marketed toward children. Given its interactions with key contributors to colorectal carcinogenesis such as inflammatory mediators, the microbiome, and DNA damage, there is growing interest in understanding Allura Red AC’s potential impact on colon health as a putative carcinogen. This review discusses the history of Allura Red AC, current research on its effects on the colon and rectum, potential mechanisms underlying its impact on colon health, and provides future considerations. Indeed, although no governing agencies classify Allura Red AC as a carcinogen, its interaction with key guardians of carcinogenesis makes it suspect and worthy of further molecular investigation. The goal of this review is to inspire research into the impact of synthetic food dyes on colon health.
Impact of epicardial fat on coronary vascular function, cardiac morphology, and cardiac function in women with suspected INOCA
Authors: Zamani Sauyeh K , Wei Janet , Hathorn Brandon , Robuck Erica , Kwan Alan C , Pepine Carl J , Handberg Eileen , Cipher Daisha J , Dey Damini , Bairey Merz C Noel , Nelson Michael D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Epicardial fat is a metabolically active adipose tissue depot situated between the myocardium and visceral pericardium that covers ∼80% of the heart surface. While epicardial fat has been associated with the development of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, less is known about the relationship between epicardial fat and coronary vascular function. Moreover, the relations between excess epicardial fat and cardiac morphology and function remain incompletely understood.

Methods and results
To address these knowledge gaps, we retrospectively analysed data from 294 individuals from our database of women with suspected ischaemia with no obstructive coronary disease (INOCA) who underwent both invasive coronary function testing and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Epicardial fat area, biventricular morphology, and function, as well as left atrial function, were assessed from cine images, per established protocols. The major novel findings were two-fold: first, epicardial fat area was not associated with coronary vascular dysfunction. Secondly, epicardial fat was associated with increased left ventricular concentricity (β = 0.15, P = 0.01), increased septal thickness (β = 0.17, P = 0.002), and reduced left atrial conduit fraction (β = −0.15, P = 0.02), even after accounting for age, BMI, and history of hypertension.

Conclusion
Taken together, these data do not support a measurable relationship between epicardial fat and coronary vascular dysfunction but do suggest that epicardial fat may be related to concentric remodelling and diastolic dysfunction in women with suspected INOCA. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate the long-term impact of epicardial fat in this patient population.
Fine mapping and identification of candidate genes associated with powdery mildew resistance in melon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Duan Xiaoyu , Yuan Yue , Real Núria , Tang Mi , Ren Jian , Wei Jiaqi , Liu Bin , Zhang Xuejun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM), a common disease of many major crop species, including melon (Cucumis melo L.), affects plant growth and fruit quality and seriously reduces production. Using a combined morphological and molecular approach, we attribute the PM pathogen that naturally occurs in melon to Podosphaera xanthii, and specifically to physiological race 1. An investigation into the genetic basis of PM resistance in melon using the resistant accession ‘PI 164637’ and susceptible counterpart ‘HDZ’ reveals dominant inheritance of PM resistance at the seedling stage, supported by F2 and backcross population segregation ratios. Adult plant assessments indicate a major gene with an additive effect for PM resistance. Bulk segregant analysis coupled with high-throughput sequencing identified a significant quantitative trait locus on chromosome 6 that is associated with PM resistance. Genetic mapping narrowed down the candidate region to 63.5 kb using InDel molecular markers, harboring 12 candidate genes. The marker chr06_indel_5 047 127 demonstrated high accuracy in screening PM resistance in an F2 segregating population and 30 inbred lines as natural populations. Functional annotation and expression analysis of candidate genes revealed that MYB transcription factor MELO3C006700, GATA transcription factor MELO3C028829 and heparanase-like protein MELO3C006697 are promising candidate genes for PM resistance in melon. The genetic architecture underlying this resistance in melon offers valuable insights for breeding programs, and the identified markers, especially chr06_indel_5 047 127, may enable practical applications for marker-assisted selection in developing PM-resistant melon varieties.
The Ambiguities and Vagaries of Popular Control: Trust and Parochial Corruption in Early Modern England
Authors: Knights Mark 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Over the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and across Britain’s empire, the idea took hold that a public office was a fiduciary trust, with legally and rhetorically enforceable duties of accountability, selflessness, and duty of care. Coupled with a remarkably free press which enabled the exposure and pursuit of corrupt activity, and petitioning activity that put pressure on Parliament, this development fostered important ideas and practices of public accountability. Yet, as the second half of the article shows, these were often difficult to effect and sustain at the local level, especially in large urban parishes, where campaigners were sometimes able to mobilize popular support for anti-corruption investigations but also faced a degree of indifference that meant change and reform were protracted, patchy, and by no means certain. Thus, on the one hand, popular control—or perhaps better, popular accountability—advanced in conceptual, legal, and some practical ways; but on the other, in some circumstances it was difficult to implement and was blunted by a range of factors that limited popular pressure and worked against reform. This article thus problematizes a linear narrative of unfailing progress toward greater accountability, highlighting instead the variety of local experiences and the nature of anti-corruption as an ongoing process. Both the central state and the parish state faced similar challenges, albeit in different contexts.
Improving Coccidioidomycosis Testing for Emergency Department Patients With Suspect Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Analysis of Provider Attitudes and the Effect of a Targeted Intervention
Authors: Cunningham Cody A , Brown Ashlyn T , Ravi Srekar N , Bearss Jeremiah J , O’Shea Michael P , Elshaer Amani K , Biondi Matt V , Seddighzadeh Bobak , Elmasry Sandra N , Havanur Amogh , Mahajan Avanika , Savic Juliana , Alozie Nneoma U , Rappaport Douglas , Urumov Andrej , Blair Janis E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in endemic regions. Approximately 20 000 cases of coccidioidomycosis occur annually; however, this statistic is limited by a widespread lack of testing. Here, we analyze emergency medicine provider attitudes toward coccidioidal testing and assess the effect of an intervention to improve testing rates.
Innate lymphoid cells in immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy
Authors: Ilangovan Janarthanan , Neves Joana F. , Santos Alexandra F. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Recognition of the importance of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the immune mechanisms of food allergy has grown in recent years. This review summarizes recent findings of ILCs in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy. New research on ILCs in the context of the microbiome and other atopic diseases are also considered with respect to how they can inform understanding of the role of ILCs in food allergy.

Recent findings
ILCs can mediate allergic and tolerogenic responses through multiple pathways. A novel subset of interleukin (IL)-10 producing ILC2s are associated with tolerance following immunotherapy to grass pollen, house dust mite allergy and lipid transfer protein allergy. ILC2s can drive food allergen-specific T cell responses in an antigen-specific manner. A memory subset of ILC2s has been identified through studies of other atopic diseases and is associated with effectiveness of response to therapy.

Summary
The role of ILCs in food allergy and oral tolerance is relatively understudied compared to other diseases. ILCs can modulate immune responses through several mechanisms, and it is likely that these are of importance in the context of food allergy. Better understanding of theses pathways may help to answer fundamental questions regarding the development of food allergy and lead to novel therapeutic targets and treatment.
Improving Time to Antibiotics in Patients With Long Bone Open Fractures Presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Keenan Kaitlin , Patel Deepa , Patel Ronak , Gorgens Sophia , James Douglas , Zapke Jennifer , Hardardt Ryan , LaMaina Laura , Sommer Patricia , Dimauro Kevin , Cerise Jane , Bullaro Francesca 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate a new triage workflow aimed at improving time to intravenous antibiotics in open fractures to under less than 60 minutes of arrival to the Pediatric Emergency Department.

METHODS:

Design:
A prospective, multidisciplinary, quality improvement project.

Setting:
A tertiary care, Level 1 pediatric trauma hospital in New York.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients ages 17 years and younger with long bone open fractures between June 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021, excluding those transferred from an outside hospital, with nonlong bone fractures and nonfractured, injured extremities.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
The new workflow involved splint removal and skin assessment during triage to identify open fractures. The aim of serial Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles was to refine this workflow and reduce antibiotic administration time. Primary outcome: percentage of patients with open fracture receiving intravenous antibiotics within 60 minutes. Secondary outcome: assessment of triage documentation regarding splint presence and removal. An exact Wilcoxon two-sample test compared time from patient arrival (quick registration) with antibiotic administration before, during, and after workflow implementation on June 1, 2020.

RESULTS:
A total of 51 patients (33 male) ages 17 years and younger, with open fractures, were reviewed: 25 during the preintervention phase January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2020; 14 during the intervention phase June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021; and 12 during the postintervention phase June 1, 2021 to November 30, 2021. Continuous improvement efforts through Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles focusing on education, reinforcement, recognition, and barrier identification increased the percentage of patients receiving antibiotics within 60 minutes from 36% to 87.5%. The median time and interquartile range (interquartile range: 25th percentile–75th percentile) from quick registration to administration was 86 minutes (interquartile range: 51–147) before June 1, 2020, and 34 minutes (interquartile range: 16–42) thereafter.

CONCLUSION:
The implemented triage workflow led to improved time to antibiotics to within 60 minutes for patients with long bone open fractures in the pediatric emergency department.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.