bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of genes and enzymes in Dunaliella salina involved in glycerol metabolism in response to salt changes
Authors: Zhao Li‐na , Gong Wen‐fang , Chen Xi‐wen , Chen De‐fu 
Published: January 2013

SummaryDunaliella salina (Dunal) Teod is an extremely halotolerant unicellular eukaryotic alga whose salt tolerance is thought to be related to glycerol metabolism. However, the regulation of different genes and enzymes under high salt stress conditions has not yet been investigated. In this study, glycerol metabolism was characterized after establishing the optimum salt stress conditions for D. salina Y6. As the salinity in the medium changed from 1 M to 3 M, the glycerol content increased sharply for 1–3 h and then gradually reached its maximum level after 24 h of salt stress (a 2.3‐fold increase). Semi‐quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the transcription of the glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase gene was not affected by salt stress, whereas the transcriptions of the fructose‐1, 6‐diphosphate aldolase gene, glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase genes‐2 and ‐3, and the dihydroxyacetone reductase gene initially increased and then declined. Furthermore, the magnitude of the decline was greater than that of the increase, particularly for the dihydroxyacetone reductase gene. Enzyme activity analysis showed that the activity of the glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase did not change significantly, whereas fructose‐1, 6‐diphosphate aldolase activity decreased to 63% and dihydroxyacetone reductase activity decreased to 31% after 24 h of salt stress. Therefore, we propose that while the regulation of salt for glycerol metabolism in D. salina is very complex, the reduced decomposition of glycerol helps its accumulation. Finally, we also propose that dihydroxyacetone reductase may be the key enzyme involved in the regulation of the glycerol metabolic pathway under salt stress conditions.
On Currency Misalignments within the Euro Area
Authors: Coudert Virginie , Couharde Cécile , Mignon Valérie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAlthough nominal parities have been completely pegged within the euro area since the launch of the single currency, real effective exchange rates have continued to vary under the effect of inflation disparities, exhibiting a strong appreciation in the peripheral countries. In this paper, we assess real exchange rate misalignments for euro area countries by using a behavioral equilibrium exchange rate (BEER) approach on the period 1980–2010. The results show that the peripheral member countries have been suffering from increasingly overvalued exchange rates since the mid‐2000s, as their real appreciation has not stemmed from improving fundamentals in terms of productivity or external position. In addition, currency misalignments have increased on average for all euro area countries since the monetary union, while becoming more persistent. More worryingly, our findings highlight different patterns across members, as misalignments have been larger and more persistent in peripheral countries than in core countries.
China and Global Imbalances from a View of Sectorial Reforms
Authors: Ito Hiro , Volz Ulrich 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article examines the impact of sectorial reforms on current account imbalances, with a special focus on China. In particular, we investigate to what extent reforms pertaining to the financial sector, social protection, and healthcare may contribute to a rebalancing of China's persistent current account imbalances. Our forecasting results suggest that reforming the financial sector would be a significant contributor to the country's rebalancing with an effect much larger than that of capital account liberalization. Strengthened provisions of social protection and publicly‐funded healthcare are also found to contribute to a rebalancing of the Chinese economy.
The Impact of Structural Policies on External Accounts in Infinite‐horizon and Finite‐horizon Models
Authors: Vogel Lukas 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe paper uses QUEST III to compare the impact of product market reform, labor market reform, and fiscal devaluation on economic activity and external accounts in infinite‐horizon and finite‐horizon versions of the model for a small open economy in monetary union with tradable and non‐tradable sectors. The impact of structural policies on external positions tends to be stronger and more persistent, but also more diverse in the finite‐horizon specification because of the impact of structural reforms on financial wealth and its transmission to consumption demand in the finite‐horizon setting. The improvement in the net foreign asset position tends to be stronger if structural reforms are accompanied by fiscal consolidation and if countries start with high pre‐reform levels of net foreign debt.
A Prospective Study of Positive Early-Life Psychosocial Factors and Favorable Cardiovascular Risk in Adulthood
Authors: Appleton Allison A. , Buka Stephen L. , Loucks Eric B. , Rimm Eric B. , Martin Laurie T. , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: January 2013

Background—
The American Heart Association’s national goals for cardiovascular health promotion emphasize that cardiovascular risk originates early in life, but little is known about childhood factors that may increase the likelihood of having a favorable cardiovascular risk (FCR) in adulthood. We examined the prospective association between positive childhood factors and the likelihood of midlife FCR. We also considered pathways through which childhood factors may influence FCR.

Methods and Results—
We studied 415 adults (mean age=42.2 years) of the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a national cohort initiated in 1959 to 1966. We examined 3 positive childhood factors assessed at age 7 years: attention regulation (ability to stay focused), cognitive ability, and positive home environment. Of these adults, 10.6% had FCR in midlife. Adjusting for demographics and childhood cardiovascular health, a 1-unit increase in childhood attention regulation, cognitive ability, and positive home environment was associated with 2.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–4.7), 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.9), and 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–1.6) higher respective odds of having midlife FCR. The association with childhood attention regulation was maintained when accounting for adulthood factors; education and diet in part explained the associations with childhood cognitive ability and home environment. The effect of each attribute was additive as those with high levels of each childhood factor had 4.3 higher odds (95% confidence interval, 1.01–18.2) of midlife FCR in comparison with those low in all factors.

Conclusions—
Positive childhood psychosocial factors may promote healthy adult cardiovascular functioning. Primordial prevention efforts aimed at preventing the development of cardiovascular risk should consider building on childhood psychosocial resources.
Cyber Rebellion: Bradley Manning, WikiLeaks, and the Struggle to Break the Power of Secrecy in the Global War on Terror
Authors: Sangarasivam Yamuna 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFollowing the release of thousands of diplomatic cables which revealed the human rights abuses and networks of corruption that sustain the US-sponsored global war on terror, the US Justice Department has invoked the 1917 Espionage Act to indict both Bradley Manning, the US soldier who released the classified documents to WikiLeaks, and Julian Assange, the editor and publisher of WikiLeaks. While censorship serves as an economic signal, as Assange asserts, how does the torture and prosecution of Pvt. Bradley Manning serve as a cultural signal which reveals the ­lessons of a patriotism that promotes a dystopic democracy? This article examines the spatio-temporal predicament of secrecy, surveillance, and censorship in the face of cyber rebellion.
Wealth Inequality and Stratification in the World Capitalist Economy
Authors: Chesters Jenny 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSocial inequality is generally conceptualized in terms of economic disadvantage related to income, however this approach ignores another equally important dimension of social inequality: wealth inequality. Drawing on world systems theory and a Marxist perspective on social class, in this article I examine the interrelationship between stratification in the world economy and stratification within national economies with a view to developing a global class schema. This examination of trends in the net worth and the location of the wealthiest individuals in the world indicate that the rapid expansion of the world economy in the past three decades has affected the global distribution of wealth with an increasing proportion of the transnational capitalist class residing in semi-peripheral nations.
Occurrence of AH1N1 viral infection and clinical features in symptomatic patients who received medical care during the 2009 influenza pandemic in Central Mexico
Authors: Castillo-Palencia Juan Pablo , Laflamme Lucie , Monárrez-Espino Joel 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
In 2009 a new influenza serotype (AH1N1) was identified in Mexico that spread rapidly generating worldwide alarm. San Luis Potosi (SLP) was the third state with more cases reported in that year. The clinical identification of this flu posed a challenge to medical staff. This study aimed at estimating the AH1N1 infection, hospitalization and mortality rates, and at identifying related clinical features in persons who received medical care during the influenza pandemic.

Methods
Retrospective study with persons with flu-like illness who received public or private medical care in SLP from 15.03.09 to 30.10.09. Physicians purposely recorded many clinical variables. Samples from pharyngeal exudate or bronchoalveolar lavage were taken to diagnose AH1N1 using real-time PCR. Clinical predictors were identified using multivariate logistic regression with infection as a dependent variable. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. Analyses were stratified by age group based on the distribution of positive cases.

Results
From the 6922 persons with flu symptoms 6158 had available laboratory results from which 44.9% turned out to be positive for AH1N1. From those, 5.8% were hospitalized and 0.7% died. Most positive cases were aged 5–14 years and, in this subgroup, older age was positively associated with A H1N1 infection (95% CI 1.05-1.1); conversely, in patients aged 15 years or more, older age was negatively associated with the infection (95% CI 0.97-0.98). Fever was related in those aged 15 years or more (95% CI 1.4-3.5), and headache (95% CI 1.2-2.2) only in the 0–14 years group. Clear rhinorrhea and cough were positively related in both groups (p < 0.05). Arthralgia, dyspnea and vaccination history were related to lesser risk in persons aged 15 years or more, just as dyspnea, purulent rhinorrhea and leukocytosis were in the 0–14 years group.

Conclusion
This study identified various signs and symptoms for the clinical diagnosis of AH1N1 influenza and revealed that some of them can be age-specific.
Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Either Chemoradiotherapy or Bioradiotherapy for Larynx Preservation: The TREMPLIN Randomized Phase II Study
Authors: Lefebvre Jean Louis , Pointreau Yoann , Rolland Frederic , Alfonsi Marc , Baudoux Alain , Sire Christian , de Raucourt Dominique , Malard Olivier , Degardin Marian , Tuchais Claude , Blot Emmanuel , Rives Michel , Reyt Emile , Tourani Jean Marc , Geoffrois Lionel , Peyrade Frederic , Guichard Francois , Chevalier Dominique , Babin Emmanuel , Lang Philippe , Janot Francois , Calais Gilles , Garaud Pascal , Bardet Etienne 
Published: January 2013

Purpose To compare the efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or bioradiotherapy (BRT) for larynx preservation (LP). Patients and Methods Previously untreated patients with stage III to IV larynx/hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma received three cycles of ICT—docetaxel and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 each on day 1 and fluorouracil 750 mg/m2 per day on days 1 through 5. Poor responders (< 50% response) underwent salvage surgery. Responders (≥ 50% response) were randomly assigned to conventional radiotherapy (RT; 70 Gy) with concurrent cisplatin 100 mg/m2 per day on days 1, 22, and 43 of RT (arm A) or concurrent cetuximab 400 mg/m2 loading dose and 250 mg/m2 per week during RT (arm B). Primary end point was LP at 3 months. Secondary end points were larynx function preservation (LFP) and overall survival (OS) at 18 months. Results Of the 153 enrolled patients, 116 were randomly assigned after ICT (60, arm A; 56, arm B). Overall toxicity of both CRT and BRT was substantial following ICT. However, treatment compliance was higher in the BRT arm. In an intent-to-treat analysis, there was no significant difference in LP at 3 months between arms A and B (95% and 93%, respectively), LFP (87% and 82%, respectively), and OS at 18 months (92% and 89%, respectively). There were fewer local treatment failures in arm A than in arm B; salvage surgery was feasible in arm B only. Conclusion There is no evidence that one treatment was superior to the other or could improve the outcome reported with ICT followed by RT alone (French Groupe Oncologie Radiothérapie Tête et Cou [GORTEC] 2000-01 trial [Induction CT by Cisplatin, 5FU With or Without Docetaxel in Patients With T3 and T4 Larynx and Hypopharynx Carcinoma]). The protocol that can best compare with RT alone after ICT is still to be determined.
Overwintering survival of bagworms,Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis(Lepidoptera: Psychidae): influence of temperature and egg cluster weight
Authors: Rhainds Marc , Régnière Jacques , Lynch Heather J. , Fagan William F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe present study relates the survival rate of bagworm eggs to extreme winter temperature and weight of egg clutches. The eggs were collected in the spring of 2009 at 104 locations in the mid-western United States of America across a latitudinal range from 36.5–41.5 °N. Egg survival after a 1-week incubation period was overdispersed, suggesting that survival of individual eggs within a clutch is highly correlated. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the survival of eggs, assessed after 1 or 12 weeks of incubation, significantly increases with the weight of egg clutches and increasing minimum winter temperature (expressed as the maximum temperature during the coldest day of winter). Lethal temperature for 50% of egg clusters was −14 °C for clusters weighing 0.1 g and −18.1 °C for 0.4 g clusters. The regression model developed here provides a tool to forecast the persistence of bagworm populations in recently colonised locations in Michigan, United States of America and southern Ontario, Canada.
Evaluation of Ocular Biomechanical Indices to Distinguish Normal from Keratoconus Eyes
Authors: Lopes Bernardo , Luz Allan , Fontes Bruno , Ramos Isaac C , Correia Fernando , Schor Paulo 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To compare and assess the ability of pressure-derived parameters and corneal deformation waveform signal-derived parameters of the ocular response analyzer (ORA) measurement to distinguish between keratoconus and normal eyes, and to develop a combined parameter to optimize the diagnosis of keratoconus.

Materials and methods
One hundred and seventy-seven eyes (177 patients) with keratoconus (group KC) and 205 normal eyes (205 patients; group N) were included. One eye from each subject was randomly selected for analysis. Patients underwent a complete clinical eye examination, corneal topography (Humphrey ATLAS), tomography (Pentacam Oculus) and biomechanical evaluations (ORA Reichert). Differences in the distributions between the groups were assessed using the Mann- Whitney test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify cutoff points that maximized sensitivity and specificity in discriminating keratoconus from normal corneas. Logistic regression was used to identify a combined linear model (Fisher 1.0).

Results
Significant differences in all studied parameters were detected (p < 0.05), except for W2. For the corneal resistance factor (CRF): Area under the ROC curve (AUROC) 89.1%, sensitivity 81.36%, specificity 84.88%. For the p1area: AUROC 91.5%, sensitivity 87.1%, specificity 81.95%. Of the individual parameters, the highest predictive accuracy was for the Fisher 1.0, which represents the combination of all parameters (AUROC 95.5%, sensitivity 88.14%, specificity 93.17%).

Conclusion
Waveform-derived ORA parameters displayed greater accuracy than pressure-derived parameters for identifying keratoconus. Corneal hysteresis (CH) and CRF, a diagnostic linear model that combines different parameters, provided the greatest accuracy for differentiating keratoconus from normal corneas.

How to cite this article
Luz A, Fontes B, Ramos IC, Lopes B, Correia F, Schor P, Ambrósio R. Evaluation of Ocular Biomechanical Indices to Distinguish Normal from Keratoconus Eyes. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2012;1(3):145-150.
Comparative Evaluation of Elevation, Keratometric, Pachymetric and Wavefront Parameters in Normal Eyes, Subclinical Keratoconus and Keratoconus with a Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer
Authors: Colin Joseph , Smadja David , Touboul David 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To compare the corneal parameters in normal corneas, forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC) and keratoconus measured with a dual Scheimpflug analyzer.

Materials and methods
A total of 372 eyes of 197 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study and divided into three groups: 148 eyes of 102 patients with keratoconus, 47 contralateral topographically normal eyes of clinically evident keratoconus in the fellow eye and 177 eyes of 95 refractive surgery candidates with normal corneas. All eyes were measured with a dual Scheimpflug analyzer and elevation, keratometric, pachymetric and wavefront data were analyzed. Mean and intergroup comparisons were performed for 43 parameters.

Results
Eighty-eight percent of the parameters analyzed (38/43) were significantly different between normal and keratoconus whereas it was less than 40% (17/43) between normal and FFKC. The majority of the elevation parameters were significantly different between normal eyes and FFKC (11/14) whereas the I-S value and the Kmax were the only two parameters related to the anterior curvature that were significantly different between both groups. Corneal vertical coma was the only corneal aberrations significantly different between normal and FFKC (p < 0.07).

Conclusion
The dual Scheimpflug analyzer provides useful parameters for differentiating normal corneas, FFKC and keratoconus.

How to cite this article
Smadja D, Touboul D, Colin J. Comparative Evaluation of Elevation, Keratometric, Pachymetric and Wavefront Parameters in Normal Eyes, Subclinical Keratoconus and Keratoconus with a Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2012;1(3):158-166.
Late Onset Post-Lasik Ectasia
Authors: Abdelaziz Lamis , Pikkel Joseph , Garzozi Hanna , Barua Ankur 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Post-Lasik ectasia is the most feared complication following laser in situ keratomileusis (Lasik), occurring in majority of cases within 1 year of surgery. Furthermore, it is reported many years after surgery. In this case series, we report on late onset ectasia in 11 eyes of nine patients occurring at least 6 years after surgery. Causes and management plan are not discussed here. The aim is to emphasis the late occurrence of this complication.

How to cite this article
Barbara R, Abdelaziz L, Pikkel J, Barua A, Garzozi H, Barbara A. Late Onset Post-Lasik Ectasia. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2012;1(3):190-195.
Efficient Ag@AgCl Cubic Cage Photocatalysts Profit from Ultrafast Plasmon‐Induced Electron Transfer Processes
Authors: Tang Yuxin , Jiang Zhelong , Xing Guichuan , Li Anran , Kanhere Pushkar D. , Zhang Yanyan , Sum Tze Chien , Li Shuzhou , Chen Xiaodong , Dong Zhili , Chen Zhong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPhoton‐coupling and electron dynamics are the key processes leading to the photocatalytic activity of plasmonic metal‐semiconductor nanohybrids. To better utilize and explore these effects, a facile large‐scale synthesis route to form Ag@AgCl cubic cages with well‐defined hollow interiors is carried out using a water‐soluble sacrificial salt‐crystal‐template process. Theoretical calculations and experimental probes of the electron transfer process are used in an effort to gain insight into the underlying plasmonic properties of the Ag@AgCl materials. Efficient utilization of solar energy to create electron‐hole pairs is attributed to the significant light confinement and enhancement around the Ag/AgCl interfacial plasmon hot spots and multilight‐reflection inside the cage structure. More importantly, an ultrafast electron transfer process (≤150 fs) from Ag nanoparticles to the AgCl surface is detected, which facilitates the charge separation efficiency in this system, contributing to high photocatalytic activity and stability of Ag@AgCl photocatalyst towards organic dye degradation.
Synthesis, Characterisation and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Hexanuclear Thiolato‐Bridged Arene Ruthenium Metalla‐Prisms
Authors: Furrer Mona A. , Garci Amine , Denoyelle‐Di‐Muro Emmanuel , Trouillas Patrick , Giannini Federico , Furrer Julien , Clavel Catherine M. , Dyson Paul J. , Süss‐Fink Georg , Therrien Bruno 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHexanuclear thiolato‐bridged arene ruthenium metalla‐prisms of the general formula [(p‐cymene)6Ru6(SR)6(tpt)2]6+ (R=CH2Ph, CH2C6H4‐p‐tBu, CH2CH2Ph; tpt=2,4,6‐tris(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine), obtained from the dinuclear precursors [(p‐cymene)2Ru2(SR)2Cl2], AgCF3SO3 and tpt, have been isolated and fully characterised as triflate salts. The metalla‐prisms are highly cytotoxic against human ovarian cancer cells, especially towards the cisplatin‐resistant cell line A2780cisR (IC50 <0.25 μM).
Heterozygous mutations in the PALB2 hereditary breast cancer predisposition gene impact on the three‐dimensional nuclear organization of patient‐derived cell lines
Authors: Wark Landon , Novak David , Sabbaghian Nelly , Amrein Lilian , Jangamreddy Jaganmohan R. , Cheang Mary , Pouchet Carly , Aloyz Raquel , Foulkes William D. , Mai Sabine , Tischkowitz Marc 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPALB2/FANCN is a BRCA1‐ and BRCA2‐interacting Fanconi Anemia (FA) protein crucial for key BRCA2 genome caretaker functions. Heterozygous germline mutations in PALB2 predispose to breast cancer and biallelic mutations cause FA. FA proteins play a critical role in the telomere maintenance pathway, with telomeric shortening observed in FA cells. Less is known about telomere maintenance in the heterozygous state. Here, we investigate the roles of PALB2 heterozygous mutations in genomic instability, an important carcinogenesis precursor. Patient‐derived lymphoblastoid (LCL) and fibroblast (FCL) cell lines with monoallelic truncating PALB2 mutations were investigated using a combination of molecular imaging techniques including centromeric FISH, telomeric Q‐FISH and spectral karyotyping (SKY). Mitomycin C and Cisplatin sensitivity was assayed via cellular metabolism of WST‐1. The PALB2 c.229delT FCL showed increases in telomere counts associated with increased mean intensity compared with two wild‐type FCLs generated from first‐degree relatives (P =1.04E‐10 and P =9.68E‐15) and it showed evidence of chromosomal rearrangements. Significant differences in centromere distribution were observed in one of three PALB2 heterozygous FCLs analyzed when compared with PALB2 wild‐type, BRCA1 and BRCA2 heterozygous FCLs. No significant consistently increased sensitivity to Mitomycin C or Cisplatin was observed in LCLs. Our results are suggestive of an altered centromere distribution profile and a telomere instability phenotype. Together, these may indicate critical nuclear organization defects associated with the predisposition to transformation and early stage development of PALB2‐related cancers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.