bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Sleep Quality, and Life Satisfaction among Undergraduate Medical Students in Gaza Strip: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Aldabbour Belal , Jaradat Roa , Aljbour Omar , Abdu Mahmoud , Aljbour Jumana , Dayya Alaa Abo , Asad Mohammad Dabbour , Abuabada Amal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Medical study is demanding. Medical students are known to suffer above-average rates of depression, anxiety, stress, poor sleep, and life dissatisfaction. In turn, these disorders lower the students’ quality of life and negatively impact their performance.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study assessed medical students at the two medical schools teaching in the Gaza Strip. Students were randomized according to university, sex, and academic level. Screening employed the DASS21, PSQI, and SWLS instruments. Categorical variables were described by count and percentages. Potential predictors of poor sleep quality were assessed by binary logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was implemented to determine the effect of covariates. Ordinal logistic regression was used to investigate predictors of anxiety, stress, depression, and SWLS stage. Statistical significance was set at a two-sided p-value less than 0.05.
Results:
In total, 362 medical students participated. Different stages of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were prevalent in 69%, 77.3%, and 65.2% of students, respectively. Poor sleep quality was prevalent in 77.9% of students, which was associated with higher rates of all-stage anxiety, stress, and depression in univariate regression and with higher odds of moderate anxiety and mild, moderate, and extremely severe depression after multivariable regression. Furthermore, 46.1% of medical students were dissatisfied with their lives.
Conclusions:
Medical students in the Gaza Strip suffer from high rates of depression and anxiety symptoms, stress, poor sleep, and life dissatisfaction compared to medical students from several other countries and the pooled global prevalence reported in meta-analysis studies.
The Role of Carbon Catalyst Coatings in the Electrochemical Water Splitting Reaction
Authors: Newton Graham , Townsend William , López-Alcalá Diego , Bird Matthew , Rance Graham , Biskupek Johannes , Baldovi Jose J. , Walsh Darren , Johnson Lee , Khlobystov Andrei , Kaiser Ute 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The availability of efficient electrocatalysts is key to the development of next-generation electrolyzers for water splitting to produce so-called ‘green hydrogen’ for a future hydrogen economy. The oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) is one half of the water-splitting reaction and is slow at most electrocatalysts. Designing inexpensive, sustainable, stable, and high-performance OER electrocatalysts remains the largest obstacle hindering the development of new electrolyzers. Carbon-coated metal/metal oxide (nano)particles have been used in such applications, but the role played by the carbon coatings in electrocatalysis has provoked debate in the field and is poorly understood. We show here that the carbon coating itself acts as the active site in OER, with the underlying material activating the carbon through a charge-transfer mechanism. We demonstrate this phenomenon using model catalysts consisting of < 2 nm metal-oxide electrocatalyst nanoparticles encapsulated within single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Access of electrolyte to the encapsulated metal oxides is blocked by plugging the SWNTs with fullerenes, which shuts off redox processes inherent to the metal oxide but does not affect catalytic activity, showing that the carbon surface is the active OER site. This analysis is supported by electrochemical analysis, which shows that the rate-determining step for the OER is the same at SWNT with and without encapsuled metal oxides, but different to that at bare metal oxides. In-situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy and computational analysis demonstrate that charge transfer from the carbon host to the metal oxide occurs during the OER. This charge transfer results in a decrease in electron density on the carbon surface, which may facilitate binding of –OH to the carbon surface, the first step in the OER and the RDS (as determined by electrochemical analysis) and may be key to the activity of carbon coated electrocatalysts. This understanding of how carbon coatings play an active role in electrocatalytic reactions is crucial for the development of future low cost, sustainable electrocatalysts for the OER, and the proposed charge transfer-driven mechanism could be tuneable to both oxidative and reductive reactions.
Hbo1 and Msl complexes preserve differential compaction and H3K27me3 marking of active and inactive X chromosomes during mitosis
Authors: Djeghloul Dounia , Cheriyamkunnel Sherry , Patel Bhavik , Kramer Holger , Montoya Alex , Brown Karen , Whilding Chad , Nesterova Tatyana , Brockdorff Neil , Grzadzielewska Iga , Karayol Remzi , Akhtar Asifa , Merkenschlager Matthias , Fisher Amanda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In mammals, chromosome-wide regulatory mechanisms ensure a balance of X-linked gene dosage between males (XY) and females (XX). In female cells, expression of genes from one of the two X-chromosomes is curtailed, with selective accumulation of Xist-RNA, Xist-associated proteins, specific histone modifications (eg. H3K27me3) and Barr body formation observed throughout interphase. Using chromosome flow-sorting, we show that during mitosis, Xist-associated proteins dissociate from inactive X (Xi) chromosomes, while high levels of H3K27me3 and increased compaction of the Xi relative to active X (Xa), are retained. Proteomic comparison of mitotic Xi and Xa revealed, unexpectedly, that components of Hbo1 and Msl/Mof histone acetyltransferase complexes co-enrich with Xa, while inhibitors of histone acetylation co-enrich with Xi. Furthermore, inhibition of Hbo1 or deletion of Msl/Mof components functionally abolishes mitotic differences in H3K27me3 marking and chromosome compaction. These data uncover critical roles for acetylation pathways in preserving X chromosome properties during mitosis.
Episiotomy during natural childbirth and its complications among patients at AL-Zahrawi Hospital in Damascus
Authors: Al-Saho Reema Bassam , Almzloom Sarah Amer , Ali Diaa Haj , Sakka Kanaan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Episiotomy is a surgical incision made in the perineum by an obstetrician to widen the vaginal ostium to facilitate the delivery of the newborn. It is one of the most common procedures performed on women worldwide.
there are somewhat few absolute contraindications for episiotomy, as episiotomy cannot be performed without the patient's consent, while relative contraindications for this procedure include a history of IBD and severe perineal deformities.
Research Materials and Methods
A retrospective cohort study (COHORT) was conducted on a random group of pregnant women from June 2023 to June 2024.
The final sample size was 100 women, with a confidence interval of 95%.
Results
We found that the largest percentage of preventive Episiotomy was performed in the age group (20-25 years) at 52%.
The majority of births of the women participating in the study were natural (215 natural births, 85.31%), while we found cesarean births in only a few (37 cesarean births, 14.68%).
It was noted that in most cases Episiotomy was performed preventively (65% of cases), and in most of the remaining percentage (33% of cases) a selective Episiotomywas performed due to the indication for the use of obstetric forceps, and a small percentage (2% of cases) was based on The patient's desire and Episiotomy was not performed when there was a need to use a suction cup.
Conclusion
When necessary, protective episiotomy should be performed when using obstetric forceps and not when using a suction cup. Also, It is necessary to pay attention and care to the site of the surgical incision or tear to avoid developing a septic infection.
Innovations in Cardiovascular Surgery: Safety and Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Choday Silpa , Sandio Aubin , Saugstad Austin , Morado Ali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a transformative innovation in cardiovascular surgery, offering a minimally invasive alternative to conventional open-heart surgery for patients with severe aortic stenosis. It is initially introduced as a treatment option for high-risk surgical candidates, TAVI has progressively expanded its indications to encompass intermediate and even low-risk patients, supported by robust clinical trials demonstrating comparable or superior outcomes to surgical aortic valve replacement. The procedural safety of TAVI has significantly improved with advancements in device technology, procedural techniques, and operator experience, leading to lower rates of procedural complications such as stroke, vascular injury, and paravalvular leak. Furthermore, the long-term effectiveness of TAVI is underscored by favorable outcomes in terms of symptom relief, functional improvement, and overall survival. This review discussed the current evidence on the safety and outcomes of TAVI, emphasizing its role in reshaping cardiovascular surgery paradigms and expanding treatment options for patients deemed high-risk or unsuitable for traditional surgery. As ongoing research continues to refine patient selection criteria, optimize procedural techniques, and enhance postoperative management, TAVI stands poised to further enhance cardiovascular care and outcomes in the foreseeable future.
Pattern of kidney disease among hypertensive patients attending cardiac clinics in Dar Es Salaam
Authors: Maiseri Absalom , Charles Warles , mgonda Yassini 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypertension is a public health challenge and has become one of the leading causes of kidney disease over the years. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of kidney disease among adults with hypertension in Dar es Salaam.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed. Social-demographic data were collected from the participants. Blood pressure, body weight and height were measured using a standardized method. Blood samples were collected to measure serum creatinine and the estimated eGFR using CKD EPI2021, while urine was collected for biochemical analysis, the dipstick method and determination of the albumin–creatinine ratio.
Results: A total of 400 hypertensive patients were enrolled. In this study, 287 (72%) were females, and the mean and standard deviation of age were 59.9 and 15 years, respectively. A total of 249 (62%) had a primary education, 232 (58%) were unemployed, 240 (60%) had a history of hypertension for less than 10 years, 346 (86.5%) had no history of alcohol consumption, and 380 (95%) had no history of cigarette smoking. Furthermore, 240 (60%) and 211 (52.8%) had a blood pressure ≥140 mmHg for systolic and ≥90 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure, respectively. A BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was found among 236 patients (59%). A reduced eGFR (<60 Ml/min/1.73 M2) and microalbuminuria were observed in 119 (30%) and 179 (61.5%) patients, respectively.
Conclusion: The clinical pattern of kidney disease was dominated by AKI (22.3%), nephrotic syndrome (12.8%) and end-stage renal disease (2.8%). Higher systolic blood pressure, advanced age, long-term hypertension and unemployment were significantly associated with a decrease in the eGFR. An increase in body mass index was significantly associated with an increase in albuminuria.
Development of δ-Bi2O3/Bi2SiO5 heterostructures based on biogenic silica for photocatalytic treatment from organic pollutants
Authors: Arefieva Olga D. , Vasilyeva Marina S. , Opra Denis P. , Tkachev Vladimir V. , Korochentsev Vladimir V. , Shlyk Daria H. , Slavenskaya Aleksandra I. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

δ-Bi2O3/Bi2SiO5 heterostructural photocatalysts with different contents of bismuth in samples (X-Bi-Si, where X = 10-60% Bi2O3) were prepared by the facile sol-gel method using bismuth nitrate and biogenic silica from rice husk biomass as precursors. Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and UV-Vis light methods were systematically used to characterize the as-obtained materials. Photodegradation of methyl orange in neutral aqueous solutions (pH (6.8)) under UV irradiation was studied to evaluate its photocatalytic activity. Phase composition, morphology, and photocatalytic activity of the samples depended on the content of bismuth oxide in the samples. Maximum degree of methyl orange degradation was 45% for 50-Bi-Si samples containing photoactive δ-Bi2O3 and Bi2SiO5 phases.
The Reception of Spinoza in Japan
Authors: Ueno Osamu 
Published: July 2024

The reception of Spinoza in Japan was affected by the problems of rapid modernization from the nineteenth century onwards: the split of the mind into Western and non-Western. We shall look at how Spinoza's ideas were received across the four phases of the assimilation of Western philosophy into Japan. Namely, initiation (1860s-1880s), establishment (1890s-1910s), re-appropriation (1920s-1945) and de-ideologisation (1945-present). Although his pantheistic monism was accepted from the outset fairly easily in the Buddhist cultural climate, his philosophy revealed resistant to appropriation by the language of dialectics such as that of the Kyoto School in wartime, which sought Japanese identity in the dialectical self-denial of the borrowed Westernness in the　course of the “historical world”. This could provide a clue to understanding the current younger generation's embrace of Spinoza.
Toevalsvondst: Een menselijke kies op een akker bij Noordhorn, gem. Westerkwartier (Gr.)
Authors: Nicolai Alexander , Moles Anna C. , Dee Michael W. 
Published: July 2024

Chance find: A human tooth from a field near Noordhorn, municipality of Westerkwartier (Gr.). This article describes the discovery of and research into a human tooth from a field just west of the village of Noordhorn (province of Groningen). On September 30, 1581, a battle took place on this site. The molar likely surfaced due to dredging or ploughing work in the field. The research into the molar focused on the question of whether the find had a link with the 16th-century battle. However, using 14C dating, we found that this tooth was in fact much older than expected. This discovery adds previously unknown layers of history to this area. In addition to providing information about the person to whom the molar belonged, the research also indicates that a burial ground likely lay in the area.
‘Met den swaerde geexecuteert ende van levene ten dode gebracht’. Twee onthoofden in het Droevendal te Leeuwarden
Authors: De Wit Miranda , Van Kruining Marlies 
Published: July 2024

‘Met den swaerde geexecuteert ende van levene ten dode gebracht’. Two beheadings in the street Droevendal, Leeuwarden During excavations in the street Droevendal in Leeuwarden (province of Friesland, the Netherlands), a number of graves were found. These graves lie within the area of the cemetery of the Franciscan monastery known as Galilea, dating from the 16th century AD. Not only monks were buried there but also civilians, as is evident from a number of buried women and (small) children and babies. Two of the graves contained individuals who had been beheaded. It is known that after the closing down of the monastery in 1580, part of the graveyard continued to be used to bury executed convicts. In this article, we propose a couple of historical identifications for the decapitated individuals in these two graves.
Wat is er gebeurd? Een interpretatie van de scheepsramp van de 18e-eeuwse koopvaarder Queen Anne
Authors: Van Popta Yftinus 
Published: July 2024

What happened? An interpretation of the shipping disaster of the 18th-century merchantman Queen Anne This paper focuses on the depositional phase of the Queen Anne, a large, three-masted freighter that sank on the Zuiderzee (a shallow bay of the North Sea, in the north-western Netherlands) sometime between AD 1715 and 1720. This depositional phase entails the moments of a shipping disaster and should be taken into consideration in order to fully understand a wreck site. However, as information on most shipping disasters is solely recorded in historical sources and oral traditions, it can be hard to connect the disaster itself to specific a shipwreck, and vice versa. In the case of the Queen Anne, no information has been found in historical records on the ship’s sinking, and oral accounts have disappeared over time. Fortunately, the excavation of the shipwreck revealed several clues that may help to reconstruct the final moments of this vessel.
Markerless Motion Capture to Quantify Functional Performance in Neurodegeneration: Systematic Review
Authors: Jeyasingh-Jacob Julian , Crook-Rumsey Mark , Shah Harshvi , Joseph Theresita , Abulikemu Subati , Daniels Sarah , Sharp David J , Haar Shlomi 
Published: July 2024

Background
Markerless motion capture (MMC) uses video cameras or depth sensors for full body tracking and presents a promising approach for objectively and unobtrusively monitoring functional performance within community settings, to aid clinical decision-making in neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia.

Objective
The primary objective of this systematic review was to investigate the application of MMC using full-body tracking, to quantify functional performance in people with dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and Parkinson disease.

Methods
A systematic search of the Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus databases was conducted between November 2022 and February 2023, which yielded a total of 1595 results. The inclusion criteria were MMC and full-body tracking. A total of 157 studies were included for full-text screening, out of which 26 eligible studies that met the selection criteria were included in the review.

Results
Primarily, the selected studies focused on gait analysis (n=24), while other functional tasks, such as sit to stand (n=5) and stepping in place (n=1), were also explored. However, activities of daily living were not evaluated in any of the included studies. MMC models varied across the studies, encompassing depth cameras (n=18) versus standard video cameras (n=5) or mobile phone cameras (n=2) with postprocessing using deep learning models. However, only 6 studies conducted rigorous comparisons with established gold-standard motion capture models.

Conclusions
Despite its potential as an effective tool for analyzing movement and posture in individuals with dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and Parkinson disease, further research is required to establish the clinical usefulness of MMC in quantifying mobility and functional performance in the real world.
Automated Identification of Postoperative Infections to Allow Prediction and Surveillance Based on Electronic Health Record Data: Scoping Review
Authors: van der Meijden Siri Lise , van Boekel Anna M , van Goor Harry , Nelissen Rob GHH , Schoones Jan W , Steyerberg Ewout W , Geerts Bart F , de Boer Mark GJ , Arbous M Sesmu 
Published: July 2024

Background
Postoperative infections remain a crucial challenge in health care, resulting in high morbidity, mortality, and costs. Accurate identification and labeling of patients with postoperative bacterial infections is crucial for developing prediction models, validating biomarkers, and implementing surveillance systems in clinical practice.

Objective
This scoping review aimed to explore methods for identifying patients with postoperative infections using electronic health record (EHR) data to go beyond the reference standard of manual chart review.

Methods
We performed a systematic search strategy across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (Core Collection), the Cochrane Library, and Emcare (Ovid), targeting studies addressing the prediction and fully automated surveillance (ie, without manual check) of diverse bacterial infections in the postoperative setting. For prediction modeling studies, we assessed the labeling methods used, categorizing them as either manual or automated. We evaluated the different types of EHR data needed for the surveillance and labeling of postoperative infections, as well as the performance of fully automated surveillance systems compared with manual chart review.

Results
We identified 75 different methods and definitions used to identify patients with postoperative infections in studies published between 2003 and 2023. Manual labeling was the predominant method in prediction modeling research, 65% (49/75) of the identified methods use structured data, and 45% (34/75) use free text and clinical notes as one of their data sources. Fully automated surveillance systems should be used with caution because the reported positive predictive values are between 0.31 and 0.76.

Conclusions
There is currently no evidence to support fully automated labeling and identification of patients with infections based solely on structured EHR data. Future research should focus on defining uniform definitions, as well as prioritizing the development of more scalable, automated methods for infection detection using structured EHR data.
Antihypertensive Drug Treatment and the Risk for Intrahemodialysis Hypotension
Authors: Zoccali Carmine , Tripepi Giovanni , Carioni Paola , Fu Edouard L. , Dekker Friedo , Stel Vianda , Jager Kitty J. , Mallamaci Francesca , Hymes Jeffrey L. , Maddux Franklin W. , Stuard Stefano 
Published: July 2024

Key Points

Antihypertensive medications are often used by hemodialysis patients, and intradialytic hypotension is a common complication in these patients.The study emulates a randomized clinical trial comparing antihypertensive drug treatment for the risk of hemodialysis hypotension in 4072 incident patients.Compared with calcium antagonists, β and α–β blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II antagonists, and diuretics may increase the risk of hemodialysis hypotension.

Background
Antihypertensive medications are often prescribed to manage hypertension in hemodialysis patients, and intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common complication in these patients. We investigated the risk of IDH in incident hemodialysis patients who initiated treatment with antihypertensive drugs in monotherapy.

Methods
The study was conducted as an emulation of a randomized clinical trial in 4072 incident hemodialysis patients who started antihypertensive drug treatment between January 2016 and December 2019. The primary outcome was the occurrence of IDH during hemodialysis sessions. The generalized estimating equation analysis was adjusted by inverse probability treatment weighting.

Results
Calcium channel blocker (CCB) use was associated with an IDH incidence rate of 7.4 events per person-year (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.2 to 8.6). Compared with CCB use, use of β and α–β blockers was strongly associated with a higher likelihood of IDH (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI, 2.27; 1.50 to 3.43]). The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (OR [95% CI, 1.71; 1.14 to 2.57]) and diuretics (OR [95% CI, 1.52; 1.07 to 2.16]) were also associated with a higher likelihood of IDH compared with CCB use.

Conclusions
The study suggests that using β and α–β blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, and diuretics may increase the risk of IDH in hemodialysis patients compared with CCB use.