bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of aluminum content on thermal properties of copper-aluminum alloys: a first-principles calculation
Authors: Yang Jinhe , Zhang Shuting , Ouyang Peixuan , Du Kaiping , Pi Ziqiang , Zheng Zhaoran , Chen Xing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Copper-aluminum alloy, also called aluminum bronze, is a type of host material for abradable sealing coatings. The amount of aluminum content obviously affects the properties of the coating. This research uses the density functional theory to calculate the properties of an aluminum bronze with different aluminum content. The copper-aluminum alloy model uses the model of special quasirandom structures (SQS). The elastic constant, melting point, constant pressure specific heat capacity, and thermal expansion coefficient of the copper-aluminum alloys were calculated using the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) method. The copper-aluminum alloys with three different nominal components were prepared using vacuum induction melting. The melting point, thermal expansion coefficient, and specific heat capacity of the copper-aluminum alloys were characterized through experiments. The results showed that the melting point of the copper-aluminum alloys decreased with an increase in aluminum content. Additionally, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the copper-aluminum alloy increased with the increase in aluminum content. Furthermore, the specific heat capacity of the copper-aluminum alloy initially increased and then reached a turning point when the β’ phase was generated. The experimental values conform well to the calculated values.
The effect of rare earth yttrium on properties of Ni-W/ZrO2 layers
Authors: Feng Pei , Shi Yuhua , Jiang Dayong , Lu Ling , Shang Peng , Li Bin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aluminum alloys often fail to meet harsh environmental conditions, such as abrasion and erosion, due to their inherent limitations in terms of unsatisfied hardness and wear resistance. In this paper, Re/Ni-W-ZrO2 composite layers are fabricated on the surface of an aluminum alloy matrix by electroplation. The cross-sectional morphology, elemental distribution, thickness and surface hardness of the composite coatings are characterized. The impact of the addition of Re-Y(NO3)3 on the characteristics of the coating is further examined. The coating is well bonded to the matrix material while ZrO2 particles are dispersed within the Ni-W base metal layer with a thickness of 136 μm. When Re is added to 1.5 g/L, the thickness and hardness are enhanced significantly. This is because the unique 4f electronic structure of rare earth elements not only plays a role in refining the grain during the coating growth process, but also effectively reduces the overpotential that may be generated during the deposition process, thereby increasing the deposition rate, so as to obtain a denser and finer grain structure.
Effect of preload distribution on dynamic characteristics of machine tool bolted joint structure
Authors: Yan Xing , Liu Zhifeng , Chen Wentao , Li Ying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The bolted joint is the machine tool’s primary connection mode. The bolted joint structures have a profound influence on the dynamic performance of the machine tool. Due to factors such as design and manufacturing processes, bolted joint structures often exhibit uneven stress distribution, which severely affects the dynamic properties of the structure. The common frame connection structure in the machine tool infrastructure is used as the research object. A simulation model was established to study the influence of bolt preload distribution on structural dynamics based on the improved thin-layer element method. The results show that using more small bolts can improve the uniformity of stiffness distribution and the natural frequency of the structure. When the bolt specification and number remain unchanged, the dispersion of bolt preload has little influence on the dynamic performance of the structure. The research results have a certain guiding significance for the optimization design of bolt joint structure of machine tools.
Design of programmable filter based on microcontroller
Authors: Lv Meimei , Wang Jigang , Liu Shizhe , Qiao Lufeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The system is designed with a microcontroller (AT89S52) as the core, developed based on the Keil 51 software system, combined with LCD display and necessary peripheral circuits to form a programmable controlled high-precision filter. The system mainly consists of the amplifier module, filter module, parameter setting and LCD display module, and amplitude-frequency characteristic testing module. The programmable control of the amplifier consists of a D/A converter DAC0832 and a programmable filter MAX262. By setting the amplifier and filter parameters on the keyboard, the gain and step adjustment can be achieved with high accuracy. The amplitude-frequency characteristic test signal source is implemented by DDS. Due to the use of a software operating system and a Chinese LCD module for display, this programmable filter provides a very user-friendly human-computer interaction interface.
Synergistic effect of coal gangue on intumescent flame retardants
Authors: Huang Haoqi , Deng Junpin , Xu Boyang , Kang Le 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In order to improve the flame retardant properties of wood plywood, intumescent flame retardant coatings were prepared using melamine, borate, pentaerythritol and urea as the basic formulations and gangue as a modified additive. The flame retardancy of the samples was characterized using a cone calorimeter, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, the study investigated the effect of gangue content on the properties of the prepared coatings. The results show that the doping of gangue in intumescent flame retardant coatings can improve the flame retardant effect of the coatings. Specifically, when the mass fraction of gangue was 8 wt%, the exothermic rate, total smoke production and total exothermic amount of the coating were significantly reduced. Moreover, the addition of gangue promoted the formation of a continuous and dense carbon layer structure during the combustion process of the coating, which produced a molten substance that effectively isolated oxygen and heat, thus strengthening the fire-retardant and heat-insulating properties of the coating. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the development of flame retardant coating formulations for wood plywood.
Vibration simulation and analysis of high-speed railways sound barriers under different conditions of bolts loosening
Authors: Hu Shihui , Zhao Qian , Jiang Bolong , Tan Zhao , Qi Chunyu , Song Zhenan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The structural instability caused by the bolts’ loosening of the sound barrier of high-speed railways has become an important reason affecting its safe use, but there is still a lack of basic research on the possible structural vibration of the sound barrier when the bolts are loosened. In this study, a finite element model of the sound barrier of the high-speed railway was constructed, and the vibration mode simulation analysis under different bolt loosening conditions was carried out. The results show that the loosening of the bolts between the column and the concrete foundation will cause the vibration frequency of the overall structure of the sound barrier to change, induce new local mode shapes, and lead to the increase of vibration displacement at the top of the column. The results of this study will provide a reference for the structural health detection method of high-speed railway sound barriers in the future.
UG secondary development of path generation of straight profile toroidal worm finishing tool
Authors: Ye Lin , Ling He , Xu Zhengmao , Zhou Jinbo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Due to the complexity of the right and left tooth surfaces of the straight profile toroidal worm, it is difficult in 3D modeling and NC programming. Based on the equal residual height algorithm, this paper deduces the calculation formula of the cutter contact and cutter point of the tooth surface of the straight profile toroidal worm by using the round nose milling cutter, calculates the cutter point coordinates and rotation angles of each point of the tooth surface of the straight profile toroidal worm through the UG secondary development interface and Visual Studio software, and generates the numerical control code on this basis. The machining simulation and experiment show that the machining efficiency and error of the straight profile torus worm machined by the tool path prepared by the equal residual height method are better than that of the isoparametric method.
Effect of contact materials on the transient characteristics of vacuum arc plasma and anode erosion
Authors: YANG 杨 Ze 泽 , CAI 蔡 Dongsheng 东升 , HUANG 黄 Qi 琦 , WANG 王 Lijun 立军 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, the mechanisms of the anode phenomena and anode erosion with various contact materials were investigated. Arc parameters were calculated, and the anode temperature was predicted with a transient self-consistent model. The simulation results predicted a constricted arc column and obvious anode phenomena in Cu–Cr alloy contacts than in W–Cu alloy contacts. This observation could be the reason for the concentrated anode erosion in Cu–Cr alloys. For the contacts made by pure tungsten (W) and W–Cu alloy, the anode temperature increased rapidly because of the low specific heat of W. However, the maximum energy flux from the arc column to the anode surface was lower than in other cases. The simulation results were compared with experimental results.
Pyrometallurgical processing of manganese ore
Authors: Behera A , Patel P , Ghosh A , Tripathy A , Sahoo S K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Manganese ore contains valuable oxides, such as manganese oxide (MnO2/Mn2O3/Mn3O4), iron oxide (Fe2O3) and silica (SiO2). In the present study, an attempt has been made to separate these oxides through pyrometallurgical processing routes for the extraction of ferromanganese and silicomanganese. Lean manganese ores were subjected to ball milling followed by carbothermic reduction at a temperature of 1200 °C for 2 h. The reduced ores were then subjected to wet magnetic separation to obtain the magnetic constituents in the reduced ores. It was observed that it is not possible to remove the silica content from the ore. It appeared that the reduced sample had oxides of iron, silicon and manganese after its wet magnetic separation. The magnetic constituents were subjected to metallothermic reduction through pure aluminium powders to recover valuable metals/alloys.
Adaptive super-twisted sliding mode trajectory tracking control for quadrotor UAV with prescribed performance based on finite-time disturbance observer
Authors: Liang Hongji , Li Junli , Zhang Yuanyao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study proposes a finite-time disturbed observer-based prescribed performance adaptive super-twisted sliding mode trajectory tracking control scheme for quadrotor UAV. Based on the super-twisted sliding mode algorithm, adaptive control, finite-time theory, and prescribed performance control, this scheme aims to achieve stable tracking of a quadrotor UAV along a defined trajectory. This is achieved even when faced with challenges such as modeling uncertainty, external uncertainty, and complex interference environments. Firstly, the coupling between the channels and the disturbance effects are unified as the aggregate disturbance. To address the issue of the adverse impact of aggregate disturbance on system performance, a new finite-time disturbance observer is developed to estimate the overall disturbance. The observer can effectively eliminate the negative effects of the aggregate disturbance without considering the disturbed boundary conditions during the design process. Secondly, the disturbance estimation information and the adaptive super-twisted algorithm are used to construct the adaptive super-twisted sliding mode controllers for the position and attitude loops, respectively. Then, a prescribed performance control is designed to predefined the time for the position loop to effectively suppress the deleterious effects of interference. This ensures that the position system can quickly meet the prescribed tracking requirements. Finally, the stability of the designed trajectory tracking control system is demonstrated using the Lyapunov theorem. Numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controller.
Conclusions
Authors: Kerr Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 reviews the book’s theoretical framework on the informational role of electoral commissions in Africa and summarizes the empirical implications for political elites and citizens based on evidence from cross-national analyses of sub-Saharan Africa and a case study of Nigeria. Then the chapter explores the relevance of the book’s findings for scholarly debates in the literatures on electoral administration, political institutions, and democratization and further indicates potential areas for future research. The chapter concludes by outlining several policy initiatives that governments, civil society groups, the donor community, and electoral commissions can pursue to enhance the performance of electoral commissions and other institutions of electoral governance in Africa and other developing contexts.
The Naming of Parts
Authors: Atherton Ian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Naming a battle is not an automatic process determined simply by location, but a deliberate and often contested act. This chapter examines the naming process from the fourteenth to the twenty-first centuries, arguing that there are five types of battlefield name: topographic; toponymic; iconic; prophetic; and chronological. Naming is the first stage of memory. Classifying some fighting as a battle and then giving it a particular and usually unique name was not only to make claims about the importance of that event, it was to shape a particular set of memories about the incident. Naming a battle inserts it into history so that it may stand alongside the catalogue of all the other named battles. Naming allows a memory to be preserved; naming turns a battle into history.
Loving Justice
Authors: Swanton Christine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter completes the argument that justice is loving justice. Earlier it was argued that at the core of virtue is practical wisdom for which emotional excellence is necessary and at the core of emotional excellence lie the Grundstimmungen of lovingness. Since this is a property of all virtues the Grundstimmungen of lovingness are part of practical wisdom in the case of justice. The chapter defends the view that justice as a personal virtue is loving by arguing the following: Conceptions of justice which have no place for love are in effect vices related to justice, what I call ‘vices of justice’. Justice is compatible with emotions such as (properly focused) contempt and anger notwithstanding the existence of views that contempt and anger are incompatible with love and even respect, and are thus incompatible with justice as loving justice. Justice is compatible with virtues of love such as grace which might appear to be unjust.
The lucidity in dementia experience: perspectives from family and professional caregivers
Authors: Ramirez Mildred , Teresi Jeanne A , Silver Stephanie , Gonzalez-Lopez Paloma , van Meer Irena , Ghaemmaghamfarahani Ida , Boratgis Gabriel , Devenand Davangere , Luchsinger Jose A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Family and professional caregivers of individuals with dementia often witness care-receiver’s lucidity events.

Objective
A qualitative data analysis was performed of documented family and professional caregivers’ experiences and their respective appraisals of lucidity events.

Research Design and Methods
Using a reduction method of selection, data from 10 in-home family caregivers and 20 professional caregivers to long-term care residents was content-coded and analysed. Framed by a priori research questions, a summative approach to qualitative content analysis guided the interpretation of findings.

Results
Eight of 10 family- and 15 of 20 staff caregivers gave an example of what they believed was a witnessed lucid event; 88% of family- and 40% of staff caregivers’ provided examples that appeared to fit the conceptual definition of lucidity. The emotional impact that the events had on both sets of caregivers was reported. Family caregivers’ characterization of lucidity events reflected appraisals of a puzzling occurrence while staff caregivers depicted elements associated with dementia, and lucidity descriptors. The enhanced verbal communication followed by the brief, unexpected quality of lucidity, were the main elements highlighted by both sets of caregivers in their description of lucidity to others. The variability and complexity of the lucidity phenomenon and the potential challenges it poses for both sets of caregivers were characterized. Commonalities and divergences across responses were highlighted.

Discussion
Findings validated previous studies’ results. The notions introduced by both types of caregivers were thought-provoking and borne practical, clinical, ethical, and assessment (measurement) applicability.
Forum: The Russia–Ukraine War and Reactions from the Global South
Authors: Nadkarni Vidya , D’Anieri Paul , Kerr Sydney , Sharafutdinova Gulnaz , Pu Xiaoyu , Ollapally Deepa M , Velasco Junior Paulo , Moore Candice , Divsallar Abdolrasool 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The war between Russia and Ukraine has been a topic of interest for scholars and policymakers worldwide. Western countries have condemned and imposed sanctions on Russia, while countries in the Global South have taken varying positions. In this Forum, we will analyse the origins of the war and the responses to it of key countries in the Global South, including China, India, Brazil, South Africa, and Iran. The war has multiple causes, and identifying them has implications for understanding what is necessary to regain peace. However, reaching a consensus on its causes will not be easy. Great and middle powers in the Global South have refused to condemn Russia’s aggression, at the same time claiming to uphold the principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity. Their positions are shaped by different perspectives and trade-offs between instrumental calculations and normative considerations. The war in Ukraine has brought the issue of global order to the forefront of world politics. It raises the questions of whether the structure of the international system is shifting towards a post-Western order or whether the conflict has strengthened Western domination. Furthermore, countries in the Global South question the legitimacy of certain aspects of the Western-dominated order. By examining the perspectives of the Global South, this Forum may contribute to discussions on the Russia–Ukraine war and the role of the Global South in the shifting global order.
Sex differences in prevalence and characteristics of imaging-detected atherosclerosis: a population-based study
Authors: Swahn Eva , Sederholm Lawesson Sofia , Alfredsson Joakim , Fredrikson Mats , Angerås Oskar , Duvernoy Olov , Engström Gunnar , Eriksson Maria J , Fagman Erika , Johansson Bengt , Johnson Linda , Johnston Nina , Ljungberg Johan , Mannila Maria , Nordendahl Maria , Oldgren Jonas , Omerovic Elmir , Ostenfeld Ellen , Persson Margaretha , Rosengren Annika , Skoglund Larsson Linn , Sundström Johan , Söderberg Mia , Östgren Carl Johan , Leander Karin , Jernberg Tomas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Men are more likely to suffer a myocardial infarction than women, but population-based studies on sex differences in imaging-detected atherosclerosis are lacking. The aims were to assess sex differences in the prevalence of imaging-detected coronary and carotid atherosclerosis, as well as multivariable adjusted associations between sex and atherosclerosis.

Methods and results
Participants aged 50–65, recruited from the general population to the Swedish Cardiopulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), were included in this population-based cross-sectional study. Comprehensive diagnostics, including coronary computed tomography angiography and carotid ultrasound, were performed. The image findings were any coronary atherosclerosis, coronary stenosis ≥ 50%, segment involvement score (SIS) ≥ 4, coronary artery calcium score (CACS) &gt; 100, and any ultrasound-detected carotid plaque. In 25 580 participants (50% women), men had more hypertension (20.3% vs. 17.0%), hyperlipidaemia (9.0% vs. 5.5%), and diabetes (8.5% vs. 4.7%). The prevalence was 56.2% vs. 29.5% for any coronary atherosclerosis (P &lt; 0.01), 9.0% vs. 2.3% for coronary stenosis ≥ 50% (P &lt; 0.01), 20.2% vs. 5.3% for SIS ≥ 4 (P &lt; 0.01), 18.2% vs. 5.6% for CACS &gt; 100 (P &lt; 0.01), and 60.9% vs. 48.7% for carotid plaque (P &lt; 0.01), in men vs. women, respectively. Multivariable adjustment only marginally changed these associations: odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval): 2.75 (2.53–2.99) for coronary atherosclerosis, 2.88 (2.40–3.45) for coronary stenosis ≥ 50%, 3.99 (3.50–4.55) for SIS ≥ 4, 3.29 (2.88–3.75) for CACS &gt; 100, and 1.57 (1.45–1.70) for carotid plaque.

Conclusion
Men had higher prevalence of imaging-detected carotid and coronary atherosclerosis with prevalence in women aged 65 corresponding to men 11–13 years younger. The associations remained after extensive multivariable adjustment.
Severe hypotension requiring resuscitation in tumour-related carotid sinus syndrome: a case report
Authors: Klingenberg Martijn G , Sinkeler Steef J , Koopmans Niels , Plaat Robin E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
An uncommon cause of reflex syncope is carotid sinus syndrome (CSS). In rare cases, this can be caused by compression of the carotid sinus by a progressive or invasive tumour.

Case summary
A 57-year-old female was presented at the emergency department with recurrent syncope in the morning. After initial observation, no heart rhythm abnormalities or syncope were observed. The day after discharge, she was presented again with a syncope. Hypotension and bradycardia were observed this time. Furthermore, a mass in the neck area was found near the carotid artery. She was admitted to the cardiology department with suspected carotid sinus syndrome for telemetric observation. Diagnostics by biopsy and PET-CT showed a metastasized squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Initial treatment of dexamethasone was started after which the recurrence of the syncope decreased. However, during admission, an in-hospital cardiac arrest occurred due to persistent vagal stimulation. As a result, the patient was started on neoadjuvant chemotherapy and midodrine, after which she experienced multiple complications and died.

Discussion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report that shows an IHCA due to severe hypotension related to a carotid sinus syndrome.