bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color Metallography and Electron Microscopy Techniques Applied to the Characterization of 413.0 Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Vander Voort George , Asensio-Lozano Juan , Suárez-Peña Beatriz 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe influence on alloy 413.0 of the refinement and modification of its microstructure was analyzed by means of several microscopy techniques, as well as the effect of the application of high pressure during solidification. For each treatment and solidification pressure condition employed, the most suitable microscopy techniques for identifying and characterizing the phases present were investigated. Color metallography and electron microscopy techniques were applied to the qualitative microstructural analysis. Volume fraction and grain size of the primary α-Al were characterized by quantitative metallographic techniques. The results show that the effect caused by applying high pressure during solidification of the alloy is more pronounced than that caused by modification and refinement of the microstructure when it solidifies at atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, it has been shown that, for Al–Si alloy characterization, when aiming to characterize the primary α-Al phase, optical color metallography observed under crossed polarized light plus a sensitive tint filter is the most suitable technique. When the goal is to characterize the eutectic Si, the use of optical color metallography or electron microscopy is equally valid. The characterization of iron-rich intermetallic compounds should preferably be performed by means of backscattered electron imaging.
Acquired resistance to zoledronic acid and the parallel acquisition of an aggressive phenotype are mediated by p38-MAP kinase activation in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Milone M R , Pucci B , Bruzzese F , Carbone C , Piro G , Costantini S , Capone F , Leone A , Di Gennaro E , Caraglia M , Budillon A 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BP) zoledronic acid (ZOL) inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, and it is used to prevent skeletal complications from bone metastases. ZOL has also demonstrated anticancer activities in preclinical models and, recently, in cancer patients, highlighting the interest in determining eventual mechanisms of resistance against this agent. In our study, we selected and characterised a resistant subline of prostate cancer (PCa) cells to better understand the mechanisms, by which tumour cells can escape the antitumour effect of ZOL. DU145R80-resistant cells were selected in about 5 months using stepwise increasing concentrations of ZOL from DU145 parental cells. DU145R80 cells showed a resistance index value of 5.5 and cross-resistance to another N-BP, pamidronate, but not to the non-nitrogen containing BP clodronate. Notably, compared with DU145 parental cells, DU145R80 developed resistance to apoptosis and anoikis, as well as overexpressed the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and oncoprotein c-Myc. Moreover, DU145R80 cells underwent epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and showed increased expression of the metalloproteases MMP-2/9, as well as increased invading capability. Interestingly, compared with DU145, DU145R80 cells also increased the gene expression and protein secretion of VEGF and the cytokines Eotaxin-1 and IL-12. At the molecular level, DU145R80 cells showed strong activation of the p38-MAPK-dependent survival pathway compared with parental sensitive cells. Moreover, using the p38-inhibitor SB203580, we completely reversed the resistance to ZOL, as well as EMT marker expression and invasion. Furthermore, SB203580 treatment reduced the expression of VEGF, Eotaxin-1, IL-12, MMP-9, Bcl-2 and c-Myc. Thus, for the first time, we demonstrate that the p38-MAPK pathway can be activated under continuous extensive exposure to ZOL in PCa cells and that the p38-MAPK pathway has a critical role in the induction of resistance, as well as in the acquisition of a more aggressive and invasive phenotype.
Migratory Movements of American Shad in the James River Fall Zone, Virginia
Authors: Aunins Aaron W. , Brown Bonnie L. , Balazik Matt , Garman Greg C. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The installation of Bosher's Dam fishway and notches or breaches to all dams downstream in the James River, Virginia, were completed during 1989–1999 to help restore the river's alosine populations by providing access to over 400 river kilometers (rkm) of historical spawning habitat that had been blocked for about 175 years. We used stationary radiotelemetry receivers in April–July 2009 to assess the passage of tagged adult American Shad Alosa sapidissima through the fall zone and Bosher's Dam fishway. Three receivers encompassed 25 rkm from below head of tide to 3 rkm above Bosher's Dam. Ninety-four American Shad were radio-tagged over 30 d, either at the head of tide (n = 64) or upstream below the Bosher's Dam fishway (n = 30). No American Shad tagged at the head of tide were detected at the base of Bosher's Dam, and none were detected above Bosher's Dam fishway. However, several tagged fish released at the base of Bosher's Dam remained there for days ( = 4.0 d, SD = 5.9 d) without negotiating the fishway. These results suggest that passage at Bosher's Dam and through other fall zone dams needs improvement and that American Shad access to historical spawning habitat remains thwarted.
Received April 18, 2012; accepted January 10, 2013
Angler Characteristics and Management Implications in a Large, Multistock, Spatially Structured Recreational Fishery
Authors: Ward Hillary G. M. , Quinn Michael S. , Post John R. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Management of recreational fisheries involves understanding how anglers interact with the fishery resource. Managers must understand the source (spatial distribution), efficiency, and behavior of angler effort in order to develop optimal management strategies in a social–ecological framework. We interviewed anglers (n = 1,956) and assessed fish populations in 21 lakes that are part of a multistock, spatially structured fishery for Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in the interior of British Columbia, Canada. Our objective was to assess the spatial behavior, harvest behavior, and catch efficiency of anglers and to understand the strengths of interactions between anglers and fish populations in three regions within this large fishery. Our results suggest a diverse angler population that varied in its behavior and its impact on the fishery. Using a hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified four distinct angler groups based on three variables that directly described how anglers interacted with the fishery (spatial distribution, catchability, and harvest behavior). Angler characteristics varied between groups, and the relative proportions of the four discrete angler groups varied among management regions. Substantial variation in angler characteristics across groups and variation in the relative distribution of the groups across regions imply that a “one size fits all” management approach is not optimal for this fishery. Instead, strategies that are attuned to angler characteristics would constitute a better approach for managing this large, spatially structured fishery.
Received April 18, 2012; accepted March 10, 2013
An Individual-Based Model for Population Viability Analysis of Humpback Chub in Grand Canyon
Authors: Pine William E. , Healy Brian , Smith Emily Omana , Trammell Melissa , Speas Dave , Valdez Rich , Yard Mike , Walters Carl , Ahrens Rob , Vanhaverbeke Randy , Stone Dennis , Wilson Wade 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We developed an individual-based population viability analysis model (females only) for evaluating risk to populations from catastrophic events or conservation and research actions. This model tracks attributes (size, weight, viability, etc.) for individual fish through time and then compiles this information to assess the extinction risk of the population across large numbers of simulation trials. Using a case history for the Little Colorado River population of Humpback Chub Gila cypha in Grand Canyon, Arizona, we assessed extinction risk and resiliency to a catastrophic event for this population and then assessed a series of conservation actions related to removing specific numbers of Humpback Chub at different sizes for conservation purposes, such as translocating individuals to establish other spawning populations or hatchery refuge development. Our results suggested that the Little Colorado River population is generally resilient to a single catastrophic event and also to removals of larvae and juveniles for conservation purposes, including translocations to establish new populations. Our results also suggested that translocation success is dependent on similar survival rates in receiving and donor streams and low emigration rates from recipient streams. In addition, translocating either large numbers of larvae or small numbers of large juveniles has generally an equal likelihood of successful population establishment at similar extinction risk levels to the Little Colorado River donor population. Our model created a transparent platform to consider extinction risk to populations from catastrophe or conservation actions and should prove useful to managers assessing these risks for endangered species such as Humpback Chub.
Received August 28, 2012; accepted March 13, 2013
miRTCat: a comprehensive map of human and mouse microRNA target sites including non-canonical nucleation bulges
Authors: Kim Ka-Kyung , Ham Juyoung , Chi Sung Wook 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Summary: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate various biological functions by binding hundreds of transcripts to impart post-transcriptional repression. Recently, by applying a transcriptome-wide experimental method for identifying miRNA target sites (Ago HITS-CLIP), a novel non-canonical target site, named ‘nucleation bulge’, was discovered as widespread, functional and evolutionally conserved. Although such non-canonical nucleation bulges have been proven to be predictive by using ‘pivot pairing rule’ and sequence conservation, this approach has not been applied yet. To facilitate the functional studies of non-canonical miRNA targets, we implement miRTCat: a comprehensive searchable map of miRNA target sites, including non-canonical nucleation bulges, not only mapped in experimentally verified miRNA-bound regions but also predicted in all 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) derived from human and mouse (∼15.6% as expected false-positive results).
Availability: http://ion.skku.edu/mirtcat.
Contact: swchi@skku.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Iron deficiency is a key determinant of health‐related quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure regardless of anaemia status
Authors: Comín‐Colet Josep , Enjuanes Cristina , González Gina , Torrens Ainhoa , Cladellas Mercè , Meroño Oona , Ribas Nuria , Ruiz Sonia , Gómez Miquel , Verdú José Maria , Bruguera Jordi 
Published: May 2013

AimsTo evaluate the effect of iron deficiency (ID) and/or anaemia on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods and resultsWe undertook a post‐hoc analysis of a cohort of CHF patients in a single‐centre study evaluating cognitive function. At recruitment, patients provided baseline information and completed the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire (MLHFQ) for HRQoL (higher scores reflect worse HRQoL). At the same time, blood samples were taken for serological evaluation. ID was defined as serum ferritin levels <100 ng/mL or serum ferritin <800 ng/mL with transferrin saturation <20%. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin ≤12 g/dL. A total of 552 CHF patients were eligible for inclusion, with an average age of 72 years and 40% in NYHA class III or IV. The MLHFQ overall summary scores were 41.0 ± 24.7 among those with ID, vs. 34.4 ± 26.4 for non‐ID patients (P = 0.003), indicating worse HRQoL. When adjusted for other factors associated with HRQoL, ID was significantly associated with worse MLHFQ overall summary (P = 0.008) and physical dimension scores (P = 0.002), whereas anaemia was not (both P > 0.05). Increased levels of soluble transferrin receptor were also associated with impaired HRQoL (P ≤ 0.001). Adjusting for haemoglobin and C‐reactive protein, ID was more pronounced in patients with anaemia compared with those without (P < 0.001).ConclusionIn patients with CHF, ID but not anaemia was associated with reduced HRQoL, mostly due to physical factors.
Spectral microvolt T‐wave alternans testing has no prognostic value in patients recently hospitalized with decompensated heart failure
Authors: Jackson Colette E. , Myles Rachel C. , Tsorlalis Ioannis K. , Dalzell Jonathan R. , Rocchiccioli J. Paul , Rodgers John R. , Spooner Richard J. , Greenlaw Nicola , Ford Ian , Gardner Roy S. , Cobbe Stuart M. , Petrie Mark C. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: May 2013

AimsMicrovolt T‐wave alternans (MTWA) testing identifies beat‐to‐beat fluctuations in T‐wave morphology, which have been linked to ventricular arrhythmias. However, clinical studies have produced conflicting results and data in heart failure (HF) have been limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and incremental prognostic value of spectral MTWA testing in an unselected cohort of patients recently hospitalized with HF.Methods and resultsConsecutive admissions with confirmed HF were recruited, and survivors were invited to attend 1 month post‐discharge for MTWA testing. A total of 648 of 1003 enrolled patients returned for MTWA testing (58% male, mean age 71 years). Forty‐nine per cent were ineligible due to AF, pacemaker dependency, or inability to exercise. Of the 330 MTWA test results, 30% were positive, 24% negative, and 46% indeterminate. Overall, 268 deaths occurred during a median follow‐up of 3.1 (interquartile range 1.9–3.9) years. Of the ineligible patients, 48% died vs. 35% of eligible patients (P < 0.001). Of those patients with positive, negative, and indeterminate tests, 27, 35, and 40%, respectively, died (P = 0.12). Even when analysed as non‐negative (positive/indeterminate) vs. negative, there was still no between‐group difference in mortality (P = 0.95). MTWA results categorized as positive, negative, or indeterminate showed no incremental prognostic value in a multivariable model, which included BNP. Paradoxically, when compared in a binary fashion with a non‐negative result, a negative test was an independent predictor of death, as was ineligibility for MTWA testing.ConclusionSpectral MTWA testing was not widely applicable and failed to predict mortality, and so cannot be endorsed as a risk stratification tool in HF.
Economic value of biological attributes of artificial coral reefs
Authors: Polak Omer , Shashar Nadav 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPolak, O., and Shashar, N. 2013. Economic value of biological attributes of artificial coral reefs – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 904–912. Visitor appreciation of natural scenes such as coral reefs is well documented. However, what part the value of the biological component in these scenes plays in fostering people's enjoyment is unclear. Using the contingent valuation method (CVM), we examined divers' willingness to pay for changes in the fish and coral attributes over an artificial reef. Using image manipulations, different levels of community descriptors, such as richness, abundance, and biodiversity of corals and fish, were isolated, and the willingness to pay for proposed factors was examined. The results showed that divers were willing to contribute towards all increases in reef community attributes, and were partially able to discriminate between them. Biodiversity was the most valued index, while fish abundance was the least favoured. These results, which demonstrate that visitors understand the fundamentals that constitute a coral reef community and value its diversity, may help direct conservation efforts undertaken in the design of marine reserves and pre-planned artificial reefs.
Evidence for substock dynamics within whiting (Merlangius merlangus) management regions
Authors: de Castro Carlos , Wright Peter J. , Millar Colin P. , Holmes Steven J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstractde Castro, C., Wright, P. J., Millar, C. P., and Holmes, S. J. 2013. Evidence for substock dynamics within whiting (Merlangius merlangus) management regions. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1118–1127. Whiting in the North Sea and Eastern Channel is currently assessed as a single management unit. However, several studies suggest that this stock may be comprised of more than one subpopulation within a larger metapopulation. A key characteristic of metapopulations is asynchrony in the dynamics of component subpopulations. In this study, indices of recruitment and spawning–stock biomass (SSB) were developed to test for asynchrony across putative subpopulations in the North Sea and west of Scotland. Differences in SSB and recruitment trends were detected, consistent with expectations from metapopulation dynamics. At least three different subpopulation components (southern and northern North Sea, and west of Scotland) were indicated on the basis of differing trends. Analysis of spatial distribution suggested that the boundary between the northern and southern North Sea subpopulations was associated with the change in bathymetry that extended from the coast of Norfolk in England to the southern tip of Norway. The current management system for whiting in the North Sea assumes a unit stock, which is contrary to current sources of biological evidence and seems inappropriate. Consideration of a north–south split along the boundary detected should be beneficial for both assessment and management of the resource.
Rapid growth of wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) in the Coral Sea, based on length-at-age estimates using annual and daily increments on sagittal otoliths
Authors: Zischke Mitchell T. , Griffiths Shane P. , Tibbetts Ian R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractZischke, M. T., Griffiths, S. P., and Tibbetts, I. R. 2013. Rapid growth of wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) in the Coral Sea, based on length-at-age estimates using annual and daily increments on sagittal otoliths. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1128–1139. The wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) is an economically important species incidentally caught in oceanic fisheries targeting tuna and coastal fisheries targeting mackerels. The age and growth of wahoo was examined using whole and sectioned otoliths from 395 fish (790–1770 mm LF) sampled from the Coral Sea. Growth increments were more reliably assigned on whole otoliths than sectioned otoliths. Edge analyses revealed that growth increments were deposited annually, primarily between October and February. Furthermore, analysis of presumed daily microincrements showed that ∼90% of fish had deposited the first “annual” growth increment by the 365th day, thereby indirectly validating annual increment formation. Wahoo were aged at between 108 d and 7 years, with 76% of fish being <2-year old. The specialized von Bertalanffy growth function provided the best fit to length-at-age data, with parameter estimates (sexes combined) of L∞ = 1499 mm LF, K = 1.58 year−1, and t0 = −0.17 years. The growth performance index for wahoo in the Coral Sea (φ′ = 4.55) was one of the highest of all pelagic fish, with their growth and maximum size most similar to dolphinfish. This study suggests that wahoo are one of the fastest growing teleosts and provides growth parameter estimates that may facilitate future stock assessments and guide fisheries management.
Identifying and characterizing demersal fish biodiversity hotspots in the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem: relevance in the light of global changes
Authors: Kirkman Stephen P. , Yemane Dawit , Kathena John , Mafwila Samuel K. , Nsiangango Silvi E. , Samaai Toufiek , Axelsen Bjorn , Singh Larvika 
Published: May 2013

AbstractKirkman, S. P., Yemane, D., Kathena, J., Mafwila, S. K., Nsiangango, S. E., Samaai, T., Axelsen, B., and Singh, L. 2013. Identifying and characterizing demersal fish biodiversity hotspots in the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem: relevance in the light of global changes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 943–954. This study made use of distribution and abundance data of demersal fish and cephalopod species targeted during trawl surveys off Angola, Namibia and the west coast of South Africa, to determine species richness patterns including the location of diversity hotspots in the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem. The reliability of alternative techniques for determining species richness patterns over the study domain, including geostatistical and non-geostatistical interpolation methods and regression type modelling, was tested using a cross-validation method. Generalized additive models were found to be the most effective method and were used to generate horizontal maps of species richness for different periods in each country. Despite changes in community structure that have been documented during the study period and which may be associated with climatic changes, this study showed the presence of consistently predictable hotspot areas over a 20–30-year study period (depending on country). The relationship between species richness and physical/environmental variables was inconsistent between countries, but generally hotspots of species richness were associated with greater depths and cooler bottom temperatures. Range shifts of species associated, for example, with warming of temperatures could conceivably affect the spatio-temporal persistence of hotspots in the long term.
Killer whale (Orcinus orca) depredation effects on catch rates of six groundfish species: implications for commercial longline fisheries in Alaska
Authors: Peterson Megan J. , Mueter Franz , Hanselman Dana , Lunsford Chris , Matkin Craig , Fearnbach Holly 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPeterson, M. J., Mueter, F., Hanselman, D., Lunsford, C., Matkin, C., and Fearnbach, H. 2013. Killer whale (Orcinus orca) depredation effects on catch rates of six groundfish species: implications for commercial longline fisheries in Alaska. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1220–1232. Killer whale (Orcinus orca) depredation occurs when whales damage or remove fish caught on longline gear. This study uses National Marine Fisheries Service longline survey data from 1998–2011 to explore spatial and temporal trends in killer whale depredation and to quantify the effect of killer whale depredation on catches of six groundfish species within three management areas in Alaska: the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands and Western Gulf of Alaska. When killer whales were present during survey gear retrieval, whales removed an estimated 54–72% of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), 41–84% of arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and 73% (Bering Sea only) of Greenland turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). Effects on Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) were significant in the Western Gulf only with 51% and 46% reductions, respectively. Overall catches (depredated and non-depredated sets) for all groundfish species significantly impacted by killer whale depredation were lower by 9–28% (p < 0.05). Effects on shortspine thornyhead (Sebastolobus alascanus) catches were not significant in any management area (p > 0.05). These results provide insight into the potential impacts of killer whale depredation on fish stock abundance indices and commercially important fisheries in Alaska and will inform future research on apex predator–fisheries interactions.