bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional variations in the prevalence and misdiagnosis of air flow obstruction in China: baseline results from a prospective cohort of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB)
Authors: Kurmi Om P , Li Liming , Smith Margaret , Augustyn Mareli , Chen Junshi , Collins Rory , Guo Yu , Han Yabin , Qin Jingxin , Xu Guanqun , Wang Jian , Bian Zheng , Zhou Gang , Davis Kourtney , Peto Richard , Chen Zhenming ,   on behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: June 2014

BackgroundDespite the great burden of chronic respiratory diseases in China, few large multicentre, spirometry-based studies have examined its prevalence, rate of underdiagnosis regionally or the relevance of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors.MethodsWe analysed data from 512 891 adults in the China Kadoorie Biobank, recruited from 10 diverse regions of China during 2004–2008. Air flow obstruction (AFO) was defined by the lower limit of normal criteria based on spirometry-measured lung function. The prevalence of AFO was analysed by region, age, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI) and smoking history and compared with the prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis or emphysema (CB/E) and its symptoms.FindingsThe prevalence of AFO was 7.3% in men (range 2.5–18.2%) and 6.4% in women (1.5–18.5%). Higher prevalence of AFO was associated with older age (p<0.0001), lower income (p<0.0001), poor education (p<0.001), living in rural regions (p<0.001), those who started smoking before the age of 20 years (p<0.001) and low BMI (p<0.001). Compared with self-reported diagnosis of CB/E, 88.8% of AFO was underdiagnosed; underdiagnosis proportion was highest in 30–39-year olds (96.7%) compared with the 70+ age group (81.1%), in women (90.7%), in urban areas (89.4%), in people earning 5K–10 K ¥ monthly (90.3%) and in those with middle or high school education (92.6%).InterpretationIn China, the burden of AFO based on spirometry was high and significantly greater than that estimated based on self-reported physician-diagnosed CB/E, especially in rural areas, reflecting major issues with diagnosis of AFO that will impact disease treatment and management.
Preparation and electrical properties of Ni–Cu–Zn system doped with the magnesium oxide
Authors: Hemeda O. M. , Tawfik A. , Hemeda D. M. , Elsheekh A. M. 
Published: June 2014

A sery of ferrite samples, Ni 0.1 Cu 0.2 Mg x Zn 0.7-x Fe 2 O 4, (x = 0.00, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, 0.55 and 0.70) have been prepared by the standard ceramic techniques, sintered at 1200°C for 2 h, and their crystalline structures were investigated by using X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the formation of Ni 0.1 Cu 0.2 Mg x Zn 0.7-x Fe 2 O 4 phase. The presence of Mg content increases the crystallinity of the given ferrite which is considered as catalyst for the accomplishment of the solid state reaction. The lattice parameter and crystallite size were calculated from XRD. The cationic distribution was estimated from the theoretical values of lattice parameters. The IR spectra analysis has been studied. The dielectric constant for the ferrite system Ni – Cu – Zn gradually increases with temperature up to nearly Curie temperature and then increase sharply beyond the Tc. The Curie temperature obtained from the [Formula: see text] versus T is in agreement with the Curie temperature obtained from other measurements. Dielectric loss tangent ( tan δ) has the same behavior as dielectric constant [Formula: see text]. A minimum value of dielectric loss tangent ( tan δ) for the system " Ni – Cu – Zn " was observed at x = 0.45. Magnetic permeability has been studied. The dependence of initial permeability on temperature exhibit a peak which is called Hopkinson peak (HP) in the vicinity of Curie temperature and confirmed the phase purity of ferrite sample. The increasing of porosity and decreasing of grain size play an important role in decreasing μi. It is clear that the value of Tc is found to increase by increasing the concentration of diamagnetic substitution Mg for " Ni – Cu – Zn " system.
A rare case of oesophageal rupture: Boerhaave's syndrome
Authors: van der Weg Gerben , Wikkeling Marald , van Leeuwen Maarten , ter Avest Ewoud 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A 70-year-old patient was referred to our emergency department with severe retrosternal pain after forceful vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a left-sided oesophageal rupture with accompanying pneumomediastinum and bilateral pleural effusions. Conservative treatment with cessation of oral intake, intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics, parenteral fluids and nutrition and left sided tube thoracostomy was initiated initially. After 5 days, however, the patient deteriorated. Follow-up CT scan demonstrated a mediastinal fluid collection as well as loculated pleural empyema. Open thoracotomy with mediastinal debridement and pleural drainage was performed, after which he made a slow but full recovery. Spontaneous oesophageal rupture due to an abrupt rise in intraluminal pressure caused by vomiting is also known as Boerhaave's syndrome. It is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Many patients present with atypical symptoms, and therefore, physicians should have a high index of suspicion in any patient presenting with vomiting and retrosternal pain. When Boerhaave's syndrome is suspected, a CT scan of the thorax and upper abdomen should be performed since treatment depends on clinical and radiological findings. Conservative management (cessation of oral intake, nasogastric decompression, administration of intravenous fluids and parenteral nutrition, intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors and tube thoracostomies) may only be considered in patients with a contained rupture without systematic symptoms of infection. In these patients, endoscopic bridging of the tear with a self-expandable stent is also an option. Primary surgical repair (either by thoracotomy or by video assisted thoracoscopy (VATS)) should be considered when patients present with sepsis and/or large non-contained leaks or with severe mediastinal decontamination.
Infographical modeling of multicomponent systems
Authors: Чулков Виталий , Chulkov Vitaliy , Комаров Николай , Komarov Nikolay , Левин Исраиль , Levin Israil 
Published: June 2014

Modeling of functioning of systems in infographics allows to consider ojects under investigation at different levels of their complexity, with an important aspect being the qualimetrical assessment of quality of functioning of various systems. Multidimensional scaling found reflection in use of single-layer and multilayered polar systems of coordinates. The composite model displays the dynamics of change of local conditions of process of convergence of norms at the end of each previous phase of process.
Examples of practical application of infographic models by producers of vodka products and models for an assessment of parameters of sewage treatment in housing and communal services are reviewed. Similar models gained further development as instruments of management of competitiveness thanks to the development of special software which allows to automate the process of their construction and the analysis of dynamics of occurring changes of controlled parameters.
Patients' experiences of community IV therapy
Authors: Stephens Becky 
Published: June 2014

Aim: To explore patients' experiences of receiving community intravenous therapy (CIVT) compared with traditional inpatient hospital care. Method: The study used a qualitative descriptive methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight participants, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Results: Five themes were identified: ‘finances’; ‘travelling’; ‘hospital admission’; ‘being at home’; and ‘safety’ Discussion: The study revealed that participants felt privileged and valued when they were treated at home. CIVT allowed them the comfort of being in a familiar environment and the convenience of doing what they wanted, when they wanted. Conclusion: This study concurs that patients do prefer to be treated at home rather than being admitted to secondary care. The findings from this study suggest that participants appreciated the opportunity to receive CIVT.
Operative procedures supported with robotics systems and available endoscope procedures in operative gynecology
Authors: Stangel-Wójcikiewicz Klaudia , Basta Antoni , Piwowar Monika , Petko Maciej , Karpiel Grzegorz , Panek Daria , Ludwin Inga , Jach Robert 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery revolutionized operative procedures in the last 20 years. Much of the progress in minimally invasive surgery can be attributed to the development of robot-based systems. The most apparent changes are found in laparoscopy procedures. Procedures in which only small skin incisions are made have revolutionized operating theaters. The learning curve, although long in itself, allows for the development of procedures with reduced perioperative risk (i.e., bleeding, pain) or shorter postoperative period. Convalescence after endoscopy procedures is significantly shorter compared with classic laparotomy. However, certain limitations apply to laparoscopy. Apart from the long learning curve, movements executed with long and rigid tools cannot strictly translate the precision of an operator’s hand. The body position of the surgeon is often forced by the reach of the endoscope instrument. It is related to a significant physical load of personnel, especially during long operating procedures. For this reason, some therapeutic procedures are still executed using the laparotomy approach.
Remarks on Hamilton's Compactness Theorem for Ricci flow
Authors: Topping Peter M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract.

A fundamental tool in the analysis of Ricci flow is a compactness result of Hamilton in the spirit of the work of Cheeger, Gromov and others.
Roughly speaking it allows one to take a sequence of Ricci flows with uniformly bounded curvature and uniformly controlled injectivity radius, and extract a subsequence that converges to a complete limiting Ricci flow. A widely quoted extension of this result allows the curvature to be bounded uniformly only in a local sense. However, in this note we give a counterexample.
On the blow-up of four-dimensional Ricci flow singularities
Authors: Máximo Davi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract.

In this paper we prove a conjecture by Feldman–Ilmanen–Knopf (2003) that the gradient shrinking soliton metric they constructed on the tautological line bundle over

ℂℙ
1

$\mathbb {CP}^1$

is the uniform limit of blow-ups of a type I Ricci flow singularity on a closed manifold. We use this result to show that limits of blow-ups of Ricci flow singularities on closed four-dimensional manifolds do not necessarily have non-negative Ricci curvature.
Sur un problème de compatibilité local-global modulo p pour GL2
Authors: Breuil Christophe , Dembélé Lassina 
Published: June 2014

Abstract.

Soit L une extension finie non ramifiée de ℚ
p
. On s'intéresse au problème de savoir si certaines des représentations de

GL
2

(
L
)

$\operatorname{GL}_2(L)$

sur

𝔽
p

¯

$\overline{\mathbb {F}_{p}}$

associées par Breuil et Paškūnas à une représentation de

Gal
(

ℚ
p

¯

/
L
)

${\operatorname{Gal}}(\overline{\mathbb {Q}_{p}}/L)$

de dimension 2 sur

𝔽
p

¯

$\overline{\mathbb {F}_{p}}$

générique peuvent apparaître dans des espaces de formes automorphes.
Localizing the Elliott conjecture
at strongly self-absorbing C*
-algebras, II
Authors: Lin Huaxin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract.

As an appendix to http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2012-0082,
this note provides some technical support to the proof of a result of W. Winter.
It shows that two unital separable simple amenable

𝒵

$\mathcal {Z}$

-absorbing C*
-algebras with locally finite decomposition
property satisfying the UCT whose projections separate the traces
are isomorphic if their K-theory is finitely generated and
their Elliott invariants are the same.
Derangements in cosets of primitive permutation groups
Authors: Pavelescu Andrei 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Motivated by questions arising in connection with branched coverings of connected smooth projective curves over finite fields, we study the proportion of fixed-point free elements (derangements) in cosets of normal subgroups of primitive permutations groups. Using the Aschbacher–O'Nan–Scott Theorem for primitive groups to partition the problem, we provide complete answers for affine groups and groups which contain a regular normal nonabelian subgroup.
Evaluation of the long-term behavior of potential plutonium waste forms in a geological repository
Authors: Deissmann Guido , Neumeier Stefan , Brandt Felix , Modolo Giuseppe , Bosbach Dirk 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTVarious candidate waste matrices such as nuclear waste glasses, ceramic waste forms and low-specification “storage” MOX have been considered within the current UK geological disposal program for the immobilization of separated civilian plutonium, in the case this material is declared as waste. A review and evaluation of the long-term performance of potential plutonium waste forms in a deep geological repository showed that (i) the current knowledge base on the behavior and durability of plutonium waste forms under post-closure conditions is relatively limited compared to HLW-glasses from reprocessing and spent nuclear fuels, and (ii) the relevant processes and factors that govern plutonium waste form corrosion, radionuclide release and total systems behavior in the repository environment are not yet fully understood in detail on a molecular level. Bounding values for the corrosion rates of potential plutonium waste forms under repository conditions were derived from available experimental data and analogue evidence, taking into account that the current UK disposal program is in a generic stage, i.e. no preferred host rock type or disposal concept has yet been selected. The derived expected corrosion rates for potential plutonium waste forms under conditions relevant for a UK geological disposal facility are in the range of 10-4 to 10-2 g m-2 d-1 and 10-5 to 10-4 g m-2 d-1 for borosilicate glasses, and generic ceramic waste forms, respectively, and ∼5·10-6 g m-2 d-1 for storage MOX. More realistic assessments of the long-term behavior of the waste forms under post-closure conditions would require additional systematic studies regarding the corrosion and leaching behavior under more realistic post-closure conditions, to explore the safety margins of the various potential waste forms and to build confidence in long-term safety assessments for geological disposal.
Incorporation of REE into Secondary Phase Studtite.
Authors: Palomo C. , Rodríguez N. , Iglesias E. , Nieto J. , Cobos J. , Quiñones J. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe formation of uranyl peroxide phases was identified as a corrosion product of spent fuel by Hanson et al [1]. The subsequent analysis of this phase showed that metastudtite retained 241Am, 237Np and 239Pu [2]. In this study, the retention of radionuclide Pu4+ and An3+, released from the spent fuel matrix into studtite structure, has been evaluated by the precipitation of studtite from uranyl dissolution with variable concentrations of REE (Th, Nd, Sm and Eu). Three different precipitation conditions parameters were studied: media of synthesis, time of synthesis and REE concentration. Synthesized phases were characterized by XRD and the cell parameter was calculated. The REE incorporation was determined by ICP-MS analysis. The results showed that studtite could incorporate 63% of Th in solution during its precipitation. Changes in the “a” cell parameter were identified. The results suggest that studtite coprecipitated with REE could play a role as a limiting for the REE mobility.
Long-Term Corrosion of Zircaloy Hull Waste under Geological Disposal Conditions: Corrosion Correlations, Factors Influencing Corrosion, Corrosion Test Data, and Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Tanabe Hiromi , Sakuragi Tomofumi , Miyakawa Hideaki , Takahashi Ryota 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe carbon-14 generated in Zircaloy (Zry) hull waste is considered an important radionuclide in the TRU waste geological disposal concept in Japan. Given that the metal Zry is highly corrosion-resistant in the anaerobic and low-temperature conditions of the repository, and that the C-14 release rate is assumed to be controlled by the corrosion rate, a variety of corrosion and leaching tests have been performed. However, since the Zry corrosion rate is extremely slow, it is not possible to predict long-term corrosion behavior through low-temperature corrosion tests conducted in a reasonable time period. A vast amount of testing has been conducted in the higher-temperature range of 523 to 633 K, and corrosion correlations have been obtained from these tests. Corrosion correlations have been used to predict the corrosion rate of Zry in a tuff repository. Long-term Zry autoclave corrosion data have been analyzed to develop new corrosion correlations. Extrapolating these correlations to a lower temperature range requires verification that the mechanisms do not change over the range of testing and extrapolation. Factors that influence corrosion rates under geological disposal conditions, such as material and environmental factors, should also be examined. Corrosion correlations, factors influencing corrosion rates, the results of corrosion and leaching tests, and a preliminary evaluation are discussed.
Open-Circuit Voltage Characteristics in Polyfluorene Based Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Ramsdale Catherine M. , Arias Ana Claudia , MacKenzie J. Devin , Friend Richard H. , Greenham Neil C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this work the origin of the open-circuit voltage is studied in bi-layer devices based on polyfluorenes. The devices were fabricated using a lamination technique, which avoids the problems that usually arise when making well-defined bi-layers from soluble polymers. Often the open-circuit voltage in devices is attributed to the difference in the workfunctions of the electrodes. Whilst a cathode dependence of the open-circuit voltage was observed here, an additional constant voltage of ∼1V was also present in the devices investigated. We conclude that this additional open-circuit voltage is largely a result of a photo-induced dipole at the donoracceptor interface. This dipole is formed by charges that are separated as a result of exciton dissociation when the device is illuminated. Devices where the order of the polymer layers was reversed showed very different open-circuit voltages which confirms that the open-circuit voltage is heavily dependent on the structure of the active layer in the device. The effects of device thickness and excitation intensity on open-circuit voltage are also discussed.
Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Drought Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass
Authors: Merewitz Emily , Belanger Faith , Warnke Scott , Huang Bingru , Bonos Stacy 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTImprovement in the drought tolerance of the cool‐season perennial grass species creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) has significant value within the turfgrass industry. Understanding genomic regions associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) such as drought tolerance will allow for advancement of breeding strategies to identify creeping bentgrass germplasm with improved abiotic stress tolerance. A multiyear and multienvironment study was performed to identify QTL in a mapping population of creeping bentgrass segregating for phenotypic traits associated with drought tolerance. Phenotypic data was collected during two growth chamber studies and 2 yr of a field trial. The phenotypic traits that were measured included turf quality (TQ), relative water content (RWC), canopy temperature depression (CTD), osmotic adjustment (OA), electrolyte leakage (EL), chlorophyll content (CHL), water use efficiency (WUE), and the normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI). Quantitative trait loci were identified for all traits on both parental maps except for OA and EL. Quantitative trait loci were found within all linkage groups except for group 2 in both parents. The linkage group areas that had QTL with a significant amount of overlapping for multiple traits and trials included linkage group 5.2, 7.1, and 7.2 on the drought tolerant parent ‘L‐93’ and groups 4.2 and 7.2 on the drought sensitive parent 7418–3. These and other QTL identified in this study have potential to be used in future studies that aim to more closely identify the genes associated with these QTL areas and for further investigation of their potential for use in marker‐assisted selection practices.
Effect of Cultivar and Environment on Carotenoid Profile of Pea and Chickpea
Authors: Ashokkumar Kaliyaperumal , Tar'an Bunyamin , Diapari Marwan , Arganosa Gene , Warkentin Thomas D. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIncreasing the carotenoid concentration of pulse crop seeds is part of a biofortification strategy. The objective of this research was to evaluate the concentration and distribution of carotenoids in the seeds of twelve pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars and eight chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars grown at multiple locations during 2 yr in Saskatchewan, Canada using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array detector. Lutein was the major carotenoid in both crops, with mean lutein concentration ranging from 7.2 µg g−1 to 17.6 µg g−1 and 6.3 µg g−1 to 11.0 µg g−1 in pea and chickpea, respectively. Violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and β‐carotene were also present in both crops. Green cotyledon pea cultivars had approximately twice as many total carotenoids (16–21 µg g−1) than yellow cotyledon pea cultivars (7–12 µg g−1). Cultivar had a greater effect than environment on carotenoid concentration in both crops. Location effects were significant for violaxanthin, lutein, and total carotenoid concentration for pea and for violaxanthin and zeaxanthin in chickpea. Year effect was significant for all carotenoids in pea and significant for β‐carotene in chickpea. The cultivar × location interaction was significant for violaxanthin in pea and chickpea and for lutein in pea. Among the three seed tissues, carotenoid concentration was greatest in the cotyledon followed by the embryo axis and seed coat in both crops. The results of this investigation should be useful for improving nutritional quality in pulse crops.
Local analysis of hybrid systems on polyhedral sets with state-dependent switching
Authors: Leth John , Wisniewski Rafael 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper deals with stability analysis of hybrid systems. Various stability concepts related to hybrid systems are introduced. The paper advocates a local analysis. It involves the equivalence relation generated by reset maps of a hybrid system. To establish a tangible method for stability analysis, we introduce the notion of a chart, which locally reduces the complexity of the hybrid system. In a chart, a hybrid system is particularly simple and can be analyzed with the use of methods borrowed from the theory of differential inclusions. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to show how stability of a hybrid system can be reduced to a specialization of the well established stability theory of differential inclusions. A number of examples illustrate the concepts introduced in the paper.