bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Taxonomy of Virtual Reality Sports Applications
Authors: Elsholz Sophia , Pham Kevin , Zarnekow Rüdiger 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Although physical fitness is one of the most important factors regarding an individual’s health, many people perceive a lack of motivation. One promising solution is the usage of Virtual Reality (VR) sports applications. Studies showed that VR sport offers several advantages, ranging from a high enjoyment, the improvement of skill quality and motivation, to effectiveness in rehabilitation. The goal of this study is to obtain an overview of research VR sport applications through a systematic literature review and build a taxonomy based on this body of knowledge through an analysis of applications on the market. A comparison of both theory and practice reveals that while research applications often include specific sports movements for a well-defined target group, most market applications are designed for a wider audience and emphasize gamification. Further, market applications often include social experiences and competition that can motivate users significantly. Additionally, we identified whether current VR sports applications align with established learning theories and if their design can thereby facilitate sport skill learning. Our taxonomy offers valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners in the dynamic landscape of VR sports through describing trends and deriving gaps for future research.
The Effects of Negative News Exposure on Risk and Ambiguity Aversion
Authors: Campos Luis S. Garcia , Lempert Karolina M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Uncertain decisions can be risky (with known probabilities) or ambiguous (with unknown probabilities). Previous studies have found that negative affect can increase risk and ambiguity aversion, but it is unknown if these effects generalize to more realistic negative stimuli. In real life, negative affect is frequently induced by exposure to news reports. Here, in two pre-registered studies, we examined how watching a negative news video influenced risk and ambiguity aversion. Study 1 was conducted online in a sample of university students (n = 84), whereas Study 2 was done by a sample on Prolific (n = 229). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The negative news group viewed a news video about a car crash, while the control group watched a news video about train schedules. Then, all participants did a task in which, on each trial, they chose between a certain $5 reward or a gamble option. Half the gambles were risky (e.g., 50% chance of $10; 50% chance of $0), and half were ambiguous, so that the probabilities of the outcomes were not fully known. Although participants who watched negative news reported a significant increase in negative affect, they did not differ from the neutral news group in their risk or ambiguity preferences. These findings, when considered alongside other similar null findings in the literature, suggest that incidental negative affect might have no effect on decisions under uncertainty, unless the affect is misattributed to the choice itself.
Joint Trajectories of Peer Aggression and Peer Victimization in Chinese Early Adolescents: Relations to Internalization Problems and Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Dang Kaili , Zou Fan , Zheng Xueting , Gong Xue , Zhou Jianhua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study examined heterogeneous co-developmental trajectories of physical and relational aggression and victimization during early adolescence, as well as the relations between these identifiably distinct trajectories and adolescent internalizing problems and suicidal ideation. Using an accelerated longitudinal design, 4731 Chinese early adolescents (44.9% girls; Mage = 10.91 years, SD = 0.72) in two cohorts (grades 4 and 5) were included, and four measures were completed over a 2-year period. Parallel process latent category growth models revealed four distinct groups: low aggression-high victimization (9.6%); High drop relational aggression and victimization but recovering physical aggression (5.0%); low aggression-low victimization (79.9%); stabilizing aggression-victimization (5.5%); all of which were associated with indicators of children's internalization problems and suicidal ideation. Adolescents with low aggression-high victimization and stabilizing aggression-victimization were more likely to experience more internalizing problems and suicidal ideation. Understanding these dynamics can aid in designing targeted interventions to address both relational and physical aggression and victimization, thereby promoting healthier social interactions and mental well-being among adolescents.
Research on Concrete Crack Detection based on Fourier Image Enhancement and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Sun Xiaoli , Yang Jun , Huang Wei , Teng Shuai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel crack detection method for concrete structures based on Fourier image enhancement and convolutional neural network (CNN). Cracking is regarded as an important indication for structure aging and durability decline, so the detection of cracks becomes more and more important. The CNN is used to detect the existence of cracks automatically. The original crack images may be disturbed by many factors, such as image blur, distortion and so on. In order to improve crack detection accuracy, it is necessary to pre-process the original images. This paper introduces a frequency-domain enhancement algorithm based on the Fourier transform, which is effective for crack detection from low-quality crack images (such as images with blurs and distortion). The results show that the testing accuracy of the crack images after Fourier enhancement reaches 100%. In this paper, a control experiment is designed to illustrate the effectiveness of this method, in which the crack images are not pre-processed and the testing accuracy is only 87.5%, and when the crack image is processed by median filter, and the testing accuracy is only 91.67%. The experimental results show that Fourier enhanced crack images can effectively improve the accuracy of crack detection and make the CNN training faster.
Blastocystis occurrence and subtype diversity in European wild boar (Sus scrofa) from the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Köster Pamela C. , Figueiredo Ana M. , Maloney Jenny G. , Dashti Alejandro , Bailo Begoña , Torres Rita T. , Fonseca Carlos , Mysterud Atle , Habela Miguel Á. , Rivero-Juarez Antonio , Vicente Joaquín , Serrano Emmanuel , Arnal Maria C. , de Luco Daniel Fernández , Armenteros José A. , Balseiro Ana , Cardona Guillermo A. , Carvalho João , Hipólito Dário , Fernandes Joana , Palmeira Josman D. , Calero-Bernal Rafael , González-Barrio David , Santin Monica , Carmena David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The ongoing increase of wild boar populations across Europe has fostered human-wildlife conflicts, including the transmission of emerging pathogens with zoonotic importance. Blastocystis is a ubiquitous, faecal-oral transmitted protist that can cause gastrointestinal illnesses and is observed in humans and animals worldwide. The role of wildlife in the epidemiology of Blastocystis is insufficiently understood. Thus, we have investigated the occurrence and subtype diversity of Blastocystis in free-ranging wild boars from the Iberian Peninsula using conventional PCR and next-generation amplicon sequencing of a fragment of the ssu RNA gene. A total of 459 wild boar faecal samples were collected across Spain (n = 360) and Portugal (n = 99) between 2014 and 2021. Blastocystis was present in 15.3% (70/459; 95% CI: 12.1–18.9) of the wild boars analysed, and its occurrence was significantly higher in Portugal (34.3%, 34/99; 95% CI: 25.1–44.6) than in Spain (10.0%, 36/360; 95% CI: 7.1–13.6). Seven Blastocystis subtypes (ST5, ST10b, ST13–15, ST24b, and ST43) were detected among the surveyed wild boar populations, with greater variability detected in Portuguese samples. ST5 was identified in all Blastocystis-positive animals, whereas 11.4% of them harboured ST mixed infections. Our results demonstrate that Blastocystis ST5 is particularly adapted to infect wild boars. The additional finding of zoonotic STs reinforces the role of wild boars as spreaders of zoonotic infections with a public health significance.
FlavorMiner: A Machine Learning Platform for Extracting Molecular Flavor Profiles from Structural Data
Authors: Herrera-Rocha Fabio , Fernández-Niño Miguel , Duitama Jorge , Cala Mónica P. , Chica María José , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Davari Mehdi D. , Barrios Andres Fernando González 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Flavor is the main factor driving consumers acceptance of food products. However, tracking the biochemistry of flavor is a formidable challenge due to the complexity of food composition. Current methodologies for linking individual molecules to flavor in foods and beverages are expensive and time-consuming. Predictive models based on machine learning (ML) are emerging as an alternative to speed up this process. Nonetheless, the optimal approach to predict flavor features of molecules remains elusive. In this work we present FlavorMiner, an ML-based multilabel flavor predictor. FlavorMiner seamlessly integrates different combinations of algorithms and mathematical representations, augmented with class balance strategies to address the inherent class of the input dataset. Notably, Random Forest and K-Nearest Neighbors combined with Extended Connectivity Fingerprint and RDKit molecular descriptors consistently outperform other combinations in most cases. Resampling strategies surpass weight balance methods in mitigating bias associated with class imbalance. FlavorMiner exhibits remarkable accuracy, with an average ROC AUC score of 0.88. This algorithm was used to analyze cocoa metabolomics data, unveiling its profound potential to help extract valuable insights from intricate food metabolomics data. FlavorMiner can be used for flavor mining in any food product, drawing from a diverse training dataset that spans over 934 distinct food products.
Examining the interplay between air pollution, vegetation greenness, and stroke prevalence in East Africa: An ecological perspective
Authors: Baharane Valérien , Shatalov Andrey Borisovich , Igwe Emmanuel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study examines the impact of PM2.5, SO2, O3, CO, and surface greenness on stroke-related mortality rates in East Africa. Results showed a positive correlation between PM2.5 and SO2, and a negative association between Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and stroke fatality prevalence. The linear regression model showed that the increase of 1 index in EVI could lead to the reduction of stroke-related deaths by 845.57 ± 295.96 deaths per 100,000 persons. Also, a 1 µg/m3 increase of PM2.5 and SO2 concentrations predicted a corresponding increase of stroke-related death by 3.06 ± 1.25 and 139.28 ± 64.33 deaths per 100,000 persons, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of the influence of these environmental variables on the prevalence of mortality attributable to stroke by age group showed its rise with age, both in intensity and statistical significance. For instance, a rise of 1 unit in EVI predicted the reduction of the stroke-related death rate by 9.18 ± 6.45 and 2133.93 ± 701.07 deaths per 100,000 persons in the age groups of 20–29 and 70–79 years old, respectively. A rise in 1 µg/m3 of PM2.5 and SO2 is expected to trigger the mortality incident rise from 0.05 ± 0.03 to 7.77 ± 3.01 and 4.28 ± 1.40 to 426.21 ± 152.38 deaths per 100,000 persons in respective age groups of 20–29 and 70–79 years. The exposure to CO and O3 did not demonstrate a significant effect on the stroke-related death rate in the region for the period of the study.
Crosstalk between abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathways is revealed by competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in Brassica napus
Authors: Chen Yaqian , Wu Jinfeng , Ma Changrui , Zeng Yuqing , Zhang Dawei , Zhou Dinggang , Zhang Jihong , Liu Lili , Li Mei , Yan Mingli 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The antagonistic and synergistic effects between phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) have been reported in some plants. However, the underlying mechanisms of action in rapeseed have not well characterized. To understand the crosstalk between ABA and BR signaling transduction pathways, we performed the whole transcriptome which was including mRNA-seq, lncRNA-seq and miRNA-seq in rapeseed. Then we further explored differentially expressed lncRNA (DE lncRNA) and differentially expressed miRNA (DE miRNA) in mock/ABA-treated and mock/BR-treated combinations. To explore the functions of lncRNAs and miRNAs, we predicted the target genes of DE lncRNA and DE miRNA. We found that trans regulation was the main way in which lncRNAs regulated gene expression. Compared with BR treatment, ABA treatment could regulate a wide range of gene expression at the lncRNA level. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses suggested that the water deprivation pathway and auxin related pathways were the most important pathways for non-coding RNA (ncRNA) to regulate gene expression during early seedling development under ABA or BR treatment, respectively. Interestingly, we found that the ABA and BR responsive pathways were not completely independent. Through competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analyses, we uncovered that there was a local regulatory network co-expressed under ABA and BR signals. Similarly, the four transcription factors (TF) (MYB, ERF, NAC and bZIP) families associated with plant growth and stress responses also shared similarities both under ABA and BR treatment. Our findings provided insights into the molecular mechanism of phytohormone balance and environmental adaptation at the early seedling development stage in rapeseed.
Spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of sports resources: evidence from Chinese national sports industry bases
Authors: Zhong Xuesi , Wang Jingling , Zhong Zejun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The sports industry plays an important role in promoting regional economic construction, citizens' health and quality of life, and has good development resilience and development prospects. However, the existing sports industry research has the shortcoming of paying insufficient attention to the characteristics of the spatial evolution of sports resources and the influencing factors. This paper applies the nearest neighbor index, kernel density analysis, standard deviation ellipse analysis, GeoDetector and other methods to study the spatial evolution characteristics of national sports industry bases in Chinese urban agglomerations and their influencing mechanisms from the perspectives of distribution type, distribution density and distribution orientation. The results show that, firstly, at the early stage of sports resources development in Chinese urban agglomerations, the national sports industry bases were discretely and randomly distributed; later on, as the accumulation of resources became more and more abundant, the tendency of agglomeration of the national sports industry bases began to be emphasized. Secondly, the sports resources of Chinese urban agglomerations as a whole show a tendency from a scattered structure to a cluster structure, and the spatial distribution is extremely uneven. Thirdly, the spatial center of gravity of the national sports industry bases shows the dynamic migration development trend of "northwest-northeast-southwest", and the development gap between east and west, south and north is gradually narrowing. Fourthly, the economic base, potential market and policy environment play an important role in interacting with other factors and then empowering the cultivation of sports resources, but there is no empirical evidence to confirm the specific conduction path of this empowering effect.
Bilateral purtscher-like retinopathy associated with DRESS syndrome: a case report
Authors: Yuan Langxuan , Li Yuchen , Zhang Hanze , Hou Yucen , Kang Qianyan , Lei Jianqin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: To report a case of Bilateral Purtscher-like retinopathy associated with DRESS syndrome managed with ocular and systemic treatments.
Case presentation: A 29-year-old healthy female developed multi-organ (cutaneous, hematologic, renal and hepatic) disfunction and profound vision loss 1 month after Human papillomavirus vaccine injection. At the first presentation, her visual acuity was counting fingers in both eyes. Fundus exam showed remarkable cotton-wool spots, retinal hemorrhages and macular edema. She was diagnosed DRESS syndrome and Purtscher-like retinopathy and treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, systemic steroids anticoagulants, and plasma exchange. The patient finally recovered from this life-threatening condition but left with permanent visual damage.
Conclusion: Purtscher-like retinopathy could be complicated by DRESS syndrome which is usually considered a type Ⅳ hypersensitivity reaction.
More convenience or more stress? The study of teachers’ work-related use of apps beyond work hours and job burnout
Authors: Li Yucen , Zhou Min 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
This study exploring the impact of teachers' use of instant messaging software after work on job burnout, as well as whether this use influences job burnout through the mediating effect of work stress. Furthermore, the study examines whether teacher work values can moderate the relationship between the use of instant messaging software after work and work stress.
Methods
This study focuses on physical education teachers from elementary to high school levels in Sichuan of China as the study subjects, and stratified random sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey. A total of 1000 questionnaires were distributed, and 936 were collected. After screening the collected questionnaires, a total of 887 valid questionnaires were obtained.
Results
The result as following: (1) There is a positive relationship between teachers' use of instant messaging software after work and work stress. (2) Work stress plays a mediating role between the use of instant messaging software after work and job burnout. (3) Teacher work values positively moderate the relationship between the use of instant messaging software for official purposes after work and work stress. (4) Teacher work values positively moderate the mediating effect of work stress between the use of instant messaging software after work and job burnout.
Conclusions
At present, the causes of teacher job burnout are a topic worthy of attention in academic and practice. The results of this study can serve as a reference for future research on the use of instant messaging software after work, work stress, job burnout, and teacher work values. In addition, future studies can investigate other moderating or mediating variables that affect teacher job burnout.
Comparative Study of Electron Temperature and Ion Energy in Two Different Magnetic Nozzle Thruster Designs
Authors: Schaefer Clara Elisabeth , Schmidt Jens , Plettenberg Felix , Chan Yung-An , Grabe Martin , Martinez-Schramm Jan , Holste Kristof , Klar Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Conventional ion thruster technologies face challenges such as electrode and grid erosion and the need for additional neutralizer devices. In this article, we discuss two thruster concepts that achieve plasma acceleration by means of a magnetic nozzle, and thus avoid the need of a neutralizer device. The concept of a magnetic nozzle converting the thermal energy available in the electrons to ion kinetic energy is a well accepted model in the community. We discuss a thruster concept based on electrode-less electron cyclotron resonance plasma generation via a slot antenna design. The geometry of this thruster concept results in a converging-diverging character of the magnetic field topology along the plume direction. To this date it is not known in which way this electrode-less coupling of the microwave influences the electron dynamics and thus the ion energy. To understand the correlation between ion energy and electron temperature of this thruster system, it is compared with a well-known thruster prototype operating on similar principles, however, realizing microwave coupling in a different way. Both thruster designs operate within comparable power, frequency, and volume flow ranges. Maximum ion energy is measured for both thrusters using a retarding potential analyzer under the same surrounding conditions. Additionally, the electron temperature is measured with a Langmuir probe for various operation points, such as variable input power, volume flow, set frequency, and argon and xenon as propellant.
Effectiveness of air purifier in reducing the viral load in atmospheric air of room of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Irungbam Monica , Shrivastava Ritika , Prasad Jitender , Mudgal Ashish , Dubey Abhishek , Singh Vijay Kumar , Sonkar Subash Chandra , Anubhuti anubhuti , Malhotra Vikas , Kumar Suresh , Saxena Sonal , Manchanda Vikas , Koner Bidhan Chandra , Goswami. Binita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of air purifiers in reducing the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in the atmospheric air of rooms housing COVID-19 patients. Air samples were collected using an air sampler before and after the implementation of air purifiers equipped with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. Additionally, swab samples were collected from various filters within the air purifiers to assess viral RNA presence. The results demonstrate the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in particulate matter samples collected before air purification, indicating viral presence in the atmospheric air. Moreover, viral load was inversely correlated with the flow rate of the air sampler, with higher flow rates associated with increased viral load. Swab samples from air purifier filters revealed positive RT-PCR results for both the E-gene and RdRp gene of SARS-CoV-2, highlighting viral retention within the filtration system. Notably, the photo-catalyst oxidation filter demonstrated a reduction in viral RNA presence over time. Following air purification, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was undetectable in samples collected from the PVDF membrane filter at lower flow rates, while positive results were obtained at higher flow rates. These findings underscore the potential of air purifiers in reducing viral load and mitigating airborne transmission within healthcare settings. Further research is warranted to optimize air purification strategies and assess long-term efficacy in controlling viral dissemination.