bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The immunobiology of corneal HSV-1 infection and herpetic stromal keratitis
Authors: Antony Ferrin , Kinha Divya , Nowińska Anna , Rouse Barry T. , Suryawanshi Amol 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARY
Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) is a highly successful neurotropic pathogen that primarily infects the epithelial cells lining the orofacial mucosa. After primary lytic replication in the oral, ocular, and nasal mucosal epithelial cells, HSV-1 establishes life-long latency in neurons within the trigeminal ganglion. Patients with compromised immune systems experience frequent reactivation of HSV-1 from latency, leading to virus entry in the sensory neurons, followed by anterograde transport and lytic replication at the innervated mucosal epithelial surface. Although recurrent infection of the corneal mucosal surface is rare, it can result in a chronic immuno-inflammatory condition called herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). HSK leads to gradual vision loss and can cause permanent blindness in severe untreated cases. Currently, there is no cure or successful vaccine to prevent latent or recurrent HSV-1 infections, posing a significant clinical challenge to managing HSK and preventing vision loss. The conventional clinical management of HSK primarily relies on anti-virals to suppress HSV-1 replication, anti-inflammatory drugs (such as corticosteroids) to provide symptomatic relief from pain and inflammation, and surgical interventions in more severe cases to replace damaged cornea. However, each clinical treatment strategy has limitations, such as local and systemic drug toxicities and the emergence of anti-viral-resistant HSV-1 strains. In this review, we summarize the factors and immune cells involved in HSK pathogenesis and highlight alternate therapeutic strategies for successful clinical management of HSK. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of immunoregulatory cytokines and immunometabolism modulators as promising HSK therapies against emerging anti-viral-resistant HSV-1 strains.
A Brg1-Rme1 circuit in
Candida albicans
hyphal gene regulation
Authors: Kim Min-Ju , Cravener Max , Solis Norma , Filler Scott G. , Mitchell Aaron P. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Major
Candida albicans
virulence traits include its ability to make hyphae, to produce a biofilm, and to damage host cells. These traits depend upon expression of hypha-associated genes. A gene expression comparison among clinical isolates suggested that transcription factor Rme1
,
established by previous studies to be a positive regulator of chlamydospore formation, may also be a negative regulator of hypha-associated genes. Engineered
RME1
overexpression supported this hypothesis, but no relevant
rme1
Δ/Δ mutant phenotype was detected. We reasoned that Rme1 may function within a specific regulatory pathway. This idea was supported by our finding that an
rme1
Δ/Δ mutation relieves the need for biofilm regulator Brg1 in biofilm formation. The impact of the
rme1
Δ/Δ mutation is most prominent under static or “biofilm-like” growth conditions. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of cells grown under biofilm-like conditions indicates that Brg1 activates hypha-associated genes indirectly via repression of
RME1
: hypha-associated gene expression levels are substantially reduced in a
brg1
Δ/Δ mutant and partially restored in a
brg1
Δ/Δ
rme1
Δ/Δ double mutant. An
rme1
Δ/Δ mutation does not simply bypass Brg1, because iron homeostasis genes depend upon Brg1 regardless of Rme1. Rme1 thus connects Brg1 to the targets relevant to hypha and biofilm formation under biofilm growth conditions.

IMPORTANCE

Candida albicans
is a major fungal pathogen of humans, and its ability to grow as a surface-associated biofilm on implanted devices is a common cause of infection. Here, we describe a new regulator of biofilm formation,
RME1
, whose activity is most prominent under biofilm-like growth conditions.
Complete genome sequence of a
Pasteurella multocida
isolate from a pig in Australia
Authors: Chau David , Blackall Patrick J. , Turni Conny , Omaleki Lida 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of a
Pasteurella multocida
isolate (PM1463) obtained from a diseased pig as a part of routine diagnostic investigations by the field veterinarian in Queensland, Australia. The assembly consists of a 2,321,605-bp chromosome and a 4,769-bp plasmid. The assembly has an average GC content of 40.33%.
Comparison of mutations in human parainfluenza viruses during passage in primary human bronchial/tracheal epithelial air-liquid interface cultures and cell lines
Authors: Sugimoto Satoko , Kawase Miyuki , Suwa Reiko , Kume Yohei , Chishiki Mina , Ono Takashi , Okabe Hisao , Norito Sakurako , Hanaki Ken-Ichi , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Hashimoto Koichi , Shirato Kazuya 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) causes respiratory infections, which are exacerbated in children and older people. Correct evaluation of viral characteristics is essential for the study of countermeasures. However, adaptation of viruses to cultured cells during isolation or propagation might select laboratory passage-associated mutations that modify the characteristics of the virus. It was previously reported that adaptation of HPIV3, but not other HPIVs, was avoided in human airway epithelia. To examine the influence of laboratory passage on the genomes of HPIV1–HPIV4, we evaluated the occurrence of mutations after passage in primary human bronchial/tracheal epithelial cell air-liquid interface (HBTEC-ALI) culture and conventional cultured cells (Vero cells expressing the transmembrane protease, serine 2, and normal Vero cells). The occurrence of mutations was significantly lower in HBTEC-ALI than in conventional culture. In HBTEC-ALI culture, most of the mutations were silent or remained at low variant frequency, resulting in less impact on the viral consensus sequence. In contrast, passage in conventional culture induced or selected genetic mutations at high frequency with passage-associated unique substitutions. High mutagenesis of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase was commonly observed in all four HPIVs, and mutations even occurred in a single passage. In addition, in HPIV1 and HPIV2, mutations in the large protein were more frequent. These results indicate that passage in HBTEC-ALI culture is more suitable than conventional culture for maintaining the original characteristics of clinical isolates in all four HPIVs, which can help with the understanding of viral pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
Adaptation of viruses to cultured cells can increase the risk of misinterpretation in virological characterization of clinical isolates. In human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) 3, it has been reported that the human airway epithelial and lung organoid models are preferable for the study of viral characteristics of clinical strains without mutations. Therefore, we analyzed clinical isolates of all four HPIVs for the occurrence of mutations after five laboratory passages in human bronchial/tracheal epithelial cell air-liquid interface (HBTEC-ALI) or conventional culture. We found a high risk of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase mutagenesis in all four HPIVs in conventional cultured cells. In addition, in HPIV1 and HPIV2, mutations of the large protein were also more frequent in conventional cultured cells than in HBTEC-ALI culture. HBTEC-ALI culture was useful for maintaining the original sequence and characteristics of clinical isolates in all four HPIVs. The present study contributes to the understanding of HPIV pathogenesis and antiviral strategies.
Mass spectra of $$0^{--}$$ and $$0^{+-}$$ hidden-heavy baryoniums
Authors: Wan Bing-Dong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, the spectra of the prospective exotic hidden-charm and hidden-bottom baryonium, viz. the baryon–antibaryon states, with $$J^{PC}=0^{--}$$

J

PC

=

0

-
-

and $$0^{+-}$$

0

+
-

are investigated in the framework of QCD sum rules. The non-perturbative contributions up to dimension 12 are taken into account. Numerical results indicate that there might exist 3 possible $$0^{--}$$

0

-
-

hidden-charm baryonium states with masses $$(5.22\pm 0.26)$$

(
5.22
±
0.26
)

, $$(5.52\pm 0.25)$$

(
5.52
±
0.25
)

, and $$(5.46\pm 0.24)$$

(
5.46
±
0.24
)

GeV, and 5 possible $$0^{+-}$$

0

+
-

hidden-charm baryonium states with masses $$(4.76\pm 0.28)$$

(
4.76
±
0.28
)

, $$(5.24\pm 0.28)$$

(
5.24
±
0.28
)

, $$(5.16\pm 0.27)$$

(
5.16
±
0.27
)

, $$(5.52\pm 0.27)$$

(
5.52
±
0.27
)

, and $$(5.69\pm 0.27)$$

(
5.69
±
0.27
)

GeV, respectively. The corresponding hidden-bottom partners are found lying in the range of $$11.68-12.28$$

11.68
-
12.28

GeV and $$11.38-12.33$$

11.38
-
12.33

GeV, respectively. The possible baryonium decay modes are analyzed, which are hopefully measurable in LHC experiments.
CER818: A Highly Specific and Sensitive HPV L1 High‐Risk Serological Lateral Flow Rapid Test for Early Detection of Cervical Cancer and Its Precursor Lesions
Authors: Bräutigam Karen , Meier Stefanie , Köster Frank , Rody Achim , Hilfrich Ralf 
Published: July 2024

Objective: The objective of the study is to validate a new human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 high‐risk specific serological assay in a case‐control study.Methods: Serum samples of 138 patients (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 2, and 3 and cervical cancer), 21 vaccinees, and 246 female controls were tested for the presence of HPV L1 high‐risk specific antibodies.Results: HPV L1 high‐risk antibodies were detected in 100% of the CIN1 and 2, 86.6% of the CIN3 and 82.4% of the cervical cancer cases, 100% of the vaccinees, and 3.9% of the female controls. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated with 0.91 for controls versus CIN2+, 0.923 for controls versus CIN1+, and 0.968 for controls versus CIN1/2.Conclusion: The HPV L1 high‐risk specific serological lateral flow rapid test shows promising data in the field of early detection of HPV high‐risk induced cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. This easy‐to‐use, robust, and affordable approach could offer a chance to reach women in low‐ or middle‐income countries (LMICs) that could not be reached by HPV molecular testing–based cervical cancer screening programs.
Procedural Outcomes With Femoral, Radial, Distal Radial, and Ulnar Access for Coronary Angiography: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Maqsood M. Haisum , Yong Celina M. , Rao Sunil V. , Cohen Mauricio G. , Pancholy Samir , Bangalore Sripal 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Radial artery access for coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reduces the risk of death, bleeding, and vascular complications and is preferred over femoral artery access, leading to a class 1 indication by clinical practice guidelines. However, alternate upper extremity access such as distal radial and ulnar access are not mentioned in the guidelines despite randomized trials. We aimed to evaluate procedural outcomes with femoral, radial, distal radial, and ulnar access sites in patients undergoing coronary angiography or PCI.

METHODS:

PubMed, EMBASE, and
clinicaltrials.gov
databases were searched for randomized clinical trials that compared at least 2 of the 4 access sites in patients undergoing PCI or angiography. Primary outcomes were major bleeding and access site hematoma. Intention-to-treat mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis was performed.

RESULTS:
From 47 randomized clinical trials that randomized 38 924 patients undergoing coronary angiography or PCI, when compared with femoral access, there was a lower risk of major bleeding with radial access (odds ratio [OR], 0.46 [95% CI, 0.35–0.59]) and lower risk of access site hematoma with radial (OR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.24–0.48]), distal radial (OR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.20–0.56]), and ulnar (OR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31–0.83]) access. However, when compared with radial access, there was higher risk of hematoma with ulnar access (OR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.03–2.14]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Data from randomized trials support guideline recommendation of class 1 for the preference of radial access over femoral access in patients undergoing coronary angiography or PCI. Moreover, distal radial and ulnar access can be considered as a default secondary access site before considering femoral access.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: 42024512365.
Meaning Beyond Lexicality: Capturing Pseudoword Definitions with Language Models
Authors: de Varda Andrea Gregor , Gatti Daniele , Marelli Marco , Günther Fritz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Pseudowords such as “knackets” or “spechy”—letter strings that are consistent with the orthotactical rules of a language but do not appear in its lexicon—are traditionally considered to be meaningless, and used as such in empirical studies. However, recent studies that show specific semantic patterns associated with these words as well as semantic effects on human pseudoword processing have cast doubt on this view. While these studies suggest that pseudowords have meanings, they provide only extremely limited insight as to whether humans are able to ascribe explicit and declarative semantic content to unfamiliar word forms. In the present study, we utilized an exploratory-confirmatory study design to examine this question. In a first exploratory study, we started from a pre-existing dataset of words and pseudowords alongside human-generated definitions for these items. Using 18 different language models, we showed that the definitions actually produced for (pseudo)words were closer to their respective (pseudo)words than the definitions for the other items. Based on these initial results, we conducted a second, pre-registered, high-powered confirmatory study collecting a new, controlled set of (pseudo)word interpretations. This second study confirmed the results of the first one. Taken together, these findings support the idea that meaning construction is supported by a flexible form-to-meaning mapping system based on statistical regularities in the language environment that can accommodate novel lexical entries as soon as they are encountered.
Evaluating the Accuracy of ChatGPT in Common Patient Questions Regarding HPV+ Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Bellamkonda Nikhil , Farlow Janice L. , Haring Catherine T. , Sim Michael W. , Seim Nolan B. , Cannon Richard B. , Monroe Marcus M. , Agrawal Amit , Rocco James W. , McCrary Hilary C. 
Published: July 2024

Objectives: Large language model (LLM)-based chatbots such as ChatGPT have been publicly available and increasingly utilized by the general public since late 2022. This study sought to investigate ChatGPT responses to common patient questions regarding Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) positive oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Methods: This was a prospective, multi-institutional study, with data collected from high volume institutions that perform >50 transoral robotic surgery cases per year. The 100 most recent discussion threads including the term “HPV” on the American Cancer Society’s Cancer Survivors Network’s Head and Neck Cancer public discussion board were reviewed. The 11 most common questions were serially queried to ChatGPT 3.5; answers were recorded. A survey was distributed to fellowship trained head and neck oncologic surgeons at 3 institutions to evaluate the responses. Results: A total of 8 surgeons participated in the study. For questions regarding HPV contraction and transmission, ChatGPT answers were scored as clinically accurate and aligned with consensus in the head and neck surgical oncology community 84.4% and 90.6% of the time, respectively. For questions involving treatment of HPV+ OPC, ChatGPT was clinically accurate and aligned with consensus 87.5% and 91.7% of the time, respectively. For questions regarding the HPV vaccine, ChatGPT was clinically accurate and aligned with consensus 62.5% and 75% of the time, respectively. When asked about circulating tumor DNA testing, only 12.5% of surgeons thought responses were accurate or consistent with consensus. Conclusion: ChatGPT 3.5 performed poorly with questions involving evolving therapies and diagnostics—thus, caution should be used when using a platform like ChatGPT 3.5 to assess use of advanced technology. Patients should be counseled on the importance of consulting their surgeons to receive accurate and up to date recommendations, and use LLM’s to augment their understanding of these important health-related topics.
A survey exploring the needs, preferences, and challenges of the key stakeholders for participating in and developing pulmonary rehabilitation in Pune, India
Authors: Sahasrabudhe Shruti D , Orme Mark W , Borade Suryakant , Bhakare Meenakshi , Modi Mahavir , Pina Ilaria , Ahmed Zahira , Padhye Rashmi , Barton Andy , Steiner Michael C , Salvi Sundeep , Singh Sally J 
Published: July 2024

Considering a huge burden of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in India, there is a need for locally relevant Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) services. This cross-sectional survey was aimed to explore the interest, needs and challenges among various stakeholders for PR in Pune city, India. At the outpatient respiratory medicine department of a multi-speciality hospital in Pune, India, 403 eligible people with CRDs were invited to participate in the survey, of which 370 (92%) responded and agreed to participate. (220 males, mean ± SD age 56 ± 15 years). Out of the 370, 323 (87%) people with CRDs were keen to attend PR. In a multiple selection question, there was inclination towards paper-based manuals home-based (70%) and web-based (84%) programs. 207 healthcare providers (HCPs), including physicians, pulmonologists and physiotherapists involved in the care of people living with CRDs across Pune city were invited to participate in the survey. Out of the 207, (80%) of the HCPs believed that PR was an effective management strategy and highlighted the lack of information on PR and need for better understanding of PR (48%) and its referral process. The surveyed stakeholders are ready to take up PR, identifying specific needs around further knowledge of PR, modes of delivery, and referral processes, that could potentially feed the development of relevant PR programs in the Indian healthcare settings.
Combining Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With Non-Invasive Interventions for Chronic Primary Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lyra de Brito Aranha Renata Emanuela , Nascimento José Diego Sales do , Sampaio Danielle Dorand Amorim , Torro-Alves Nelson 
Published: July 2024

Background A growing number of studies has combined transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with other non-invasive non-pharmacological therapies (NINPT) to enhance effects in pain reduction. However, the efficacy of these combined approaches in treating chronic primary pain (CPP) warrants thorough investigation. Objective This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of tDCS in conjunction with other NINPT in alleviating pain severity among CPP patients. Methods We conducted a systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of tDCS combined with NINPT against control treatments in adult CPP patients. The search spanned multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. Results Our systematic review included 11 RCTs with a total of 449 participants. In our meta-analysis, which comprised 228 participants receiving active-tDCS and 221 receiving sham-tDCS, we found a significant reduction in pain intensity (Standard Mean Difference = −0.73; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = −1.18 to −0.27; P = .002) with the use of active-tDCS combined with NINPT. Conclusion These findings substantiate the therapeutic potential of combining tDCS with other NINPT, highlighting it as an effective treatment modality for reducing pain intensity in CPP patients.
The Time Course of Changes in Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Walking in People With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Silva-Batista Carla , Liu William , Vitorio Rodrigo , Stuart Samuel , Quinn Joseph F. , Mancini Martina 
Published: July 2024

Background Walking abnormalities in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are characterized by a shift in locomotor control from healthy automaticity to compensatory, executive control, mainly located in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Although PFC activity during walking increases in people with PD, the time course of PFC activity during walking and its relationship to clinical or gait characteristics is unknown. Objective To identify the time course of PFC activity during walking in people with PD. To investigate whether clinical or gait variables would explain the PFC activity changes. Methods Thirty-eight people with PD tested OFF medication wore a portable, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system to record relative PFC activity while walking. Wearable inertial sensors recorded spatiotemporal gait characteristics. Based on the PFC activity (fNIRS) in the late phase of the walking task (final 40 seconds), compared to the early phase (initial 40 seconds), participants were separated into 2 groups: reduced or sustained PFC activity. Results People with PD who reduced PFC activity during walking had less impaired gait (eg, faster gait speed) than those who had a sustained increase in PFC activity ( P < .05). Cognitive set-shifting ability explained 18% of the PFC activation in the group with a sustained increase in PFC activity ( P = .033). Conclusions The time course of reduction in PFC activity corresponds to less impaired gait performance in people with PD, while a sustained increase in PFC activity is related to worse cognitive flexibility. Reduction in PFC activity while walking may indicate a less impaired, automatic control of walking.
Meteorological factors and risk of ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage: A time-stratified case-crossover study
Authors: Chen Sheng-Jen , Lee Meng , Wu Bing-Chen , Muo Chih-Hsin , Sung Fung-Chang , Chen Pei-Chun 
Published: July 2024

Background: Stroke risks associated with rapid climate change remain controversial due to a paucity of evidence. Aims: To examine the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and ischemic stroke (IS) associated with meteorological parameters. Methods: In this time-stratified case-crossover study, adult patients hospitalized for their first stroke between 2011 and 2020 from the insurance claims data in Taiwan were identified. The hospitalization day was designated as the case period, and three or four control periods were matched by the same day of the week and month of each case period. Daily mean and 24-h variations in ambient temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and apparent temperature were measured. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to assess the risk of stroke associated with exposure to weather variables, using the third quintile as a reference, controlling for air pollutant levels. Results: There were 7161 patients with SAH, 40,426 patients with ICH, and 107,550 patients with IS. There was an inverse linear relationship between mean daily temperature and apparent temperature with ICH. Elevated mean daily atmospheric pressure was associated with an increased risk of ICH. A greater decrease in apparent temperature over a 24-h period was associated with increased risk of ICH but decreased risk of IS (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the first vs. third quintile of changes in apparent temperature, 1.141 (1.053–1.237) and 0.946 (0.899–0.996), respectively). Conclusions: There were considerable differences in short-term associations between meteorological parameters and three main pathological types of strokes. Data access statement: The authors have no permission to share the data.