bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy‐efficient Laser Machining of Siliceous Strand Profiles
Authors: Bliedtner Jens , Schmidt Thomas , Müller Hartmut , Sändig Sabine 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMachining tubular or strand profiles with laser radiation requires a homogeneous and synchronous heating of the machining zone. A mere rotation of the tube is often insufficient. Special optical constructions make the cutting and welding of tubes much more efficient. A patented procedure enables a homogeneous heating and melting around the glass tube on fixed profiles with a statical laser beam and does not limit the profile length. The article introduces selected procedures with and without rotary motions for the cutting and welding of siliceous strand profiles with kW CO2 laser systems.
Streng geheim: Der ewige Kreisel
Authors: Schlichting Hans Joachim , Ucke Christian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMit externer Energiezufuhr oder interner Energiequelle lassen sich Kreisel konstruieren, die Stunden oder Tage lang – scheinbar ewig – laufen. Die Ursache und Aufklärung der dahinter stehenden Mechanismen fasziniert Kinder und Erwachsene. Insbesondere der über Stunden frei schwebende und Magnetkreisel Levitron ist eine Attraktion. Aber auch der äußerlich wie ein gewöhnlicher Kreisel aussehende und wie dieser auf jeder Unterlage rotierende Non‐stop‐Top fordert nicht nur den gesunden Menschenverstand, sondern auch den physikalischen Sachverstand heraus.
Lichtquellen der Zukunft
Authors: Hahn Berthold 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDer Physik‐Nobelpreis 2014 geht zu gleichen Teilen an Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano und Shuji Nakamura “für die Erfindung effizienter blauer Leuchtdioden, die den Bau heller und Energie sparender Lichtquellen ermöglichen.” Mit ihrer Erfindung haben die Preisträger eine Lichtrevolution eingeleitet.
Von Kartoffelchips und Stärkekräckern
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractKnusperndes und Krachendes spielt in der Sensorik eine große Rolle, egal ob mit Kartoffelchips zum Glas Bier mit Kräckern zum Dip aufnehmen. Für Physiker sind dies Gläser, sprich amorphe Festkörper.
Efficient secretion of inulin fructotransferase in Pichia pastoris using the formaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 promoter
Authors: Zhan Rongrong , Mu Wanmeng , Jiang Bo , Zhou Liuming , Zhang Tao 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Inulin fructotransferase (IFTase) has received considerable attention due to its ability to catalyse inulin hydrolysis to difructose anhydride (DFA III), a natural low-calorie functional sweetener. In the present study, for the first time, we describe the expression of IFTase in Pichia pastoris under the control of the formaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 promoter (PFLD1). Using this system, we achieved efficient secretion with four substrate fed-batch strategies in a 3-L fermenter. The co-feeding induction strategy with methylamine hydrochloride and methanol achieved the maximum extracellular IFTase activity of 62.72 U mL−1, which was 3.2-fold higher than that obtained with the wild-type strain. In addition to methanol, carbon sources such as glucose and glycerol could also be utilised by PFLD1-controlled P. pastoris for IFTase production using methylamine hydrochloride induction. However, we found that glycerol and glucose should be strictly controlled at low concentrations of 0.5–1.5 % (v/v) and 1–1.5 % (w/v), respectively. The use of glycerol and glucose demonstrated that P. pastoris was also attractive for IFTase production via methanol-free cultivation strategies. This study may provide the basis for the industrial use of this recombinant IFTase for the production of DFA III.
Incidence of Symptomatic Compressive Peripheral Neuropathy after Shoulder Replacement
Authors: Yian Edward H. , Dillon Mark , Sodl Jeff , Dionysian Emil , Navarro Ronald , Singh Anshuman 
Published: November 2014

Background The incidence of post-operative compressive peripheral neuropathy (CPN) after shoulder arthroplasty is not known. We hypothesized that the likelihood following shoulder arthroplasty would be higher compared to a non-operative cohort. Methods Retrospective study compared the incidence of symptomatic CPN after shoulder replacement to a 1:1 age- and gender-matched non-operative control group with shoulder arthritis. Six hundred six consecutive shoulder replacements from a regional shoulder arthroplasty registry were analyzed. This included 319 primary total shoulder arthroplasties (TSR), 168 hemiarthroplasties (HA), 31 humeral resurfacings (HHR), 71 reverse arthroplasties (RTSA), and 17 revision arthroplasties. Diagnosis of post-operative CPN was obtained by documented clinical examination by a physician consistent with CPN based on patient complaints, positive nerve study results, and/or nerve decompression. Age, gender, body mass index, diabetes status, thyroid abnormalities, operative side, and anesthesiology (ASA) score were examined. Results The surgery group had 15 cases (2.5 %) of postoperative CPN (ten carpal tunnel syndrome, five cubital tunnel syndrome). This included seven TSR, six HA, one revision TSR, and one RTSA. Diagnoses included ten osteoarthritis, four rotator cuff arthropathies, and one chondrolysis. Control group had eight cases (1.3 %) of CPN (seven carpal tunnel syndrome, one cubital tunnel syndrome). In univariate analysis, age, gender, body mass index, ASA score, operative side, thyroid status, and diabetes were not predictors of post-operative CPN. CPN incidence between surgical and control groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion The 1-year incidence rate of new onset clinical post-operative CPN symptoms was 2.5 %. There was no significant difference of CPN rates between surgical and non-operative groups.
Mosaike in der Tumorzytogenetik
Authors: Haferlach Claudia 
Published: November 2014

Zusammenfassung
Eine Tumorerkrankung stellt, bezogen auf den Gesamtorganismus, per definitionem ein Mosaik dar. Zusätzlich sind die meisten Tumoren, für sich betrachtet, Mosaike. Dieser Mosaikstatus wird üblicherweise als intratumorale Heterogenität bezeichnet und ist ein wesentlicher Faktor, der sowohl Relevanz für die Diagnostik als auch für die therapeutischen Strategien hat. Um die genetischen Veränderungen eines Tumors analysieren zu können, muss im Rahmen der Diagnostik sichergestellt werden, dass eine ausreichende Anzahl an Tumorzellen ausgewertet werden kann und nicht lediglich das normale Gewebe betrachtet wird. Dieses wird in der Diagnostik bei den verschiedenen Neoplasien mit unterschiedlichen Vorgehensweisen in Abhängigkeit von den verwendeten diagnostischen Methoden und der Art der Neoplasie erreicht. Zur Anwendung kommen Methoden, die die malignen Zellen anreichern und diese gezielt zur Proliferation stimulieren, oder die Methode wird mit einer ausreichenden Sensitivität durchführt, um auch kleine Klone erfassen zu können.
Sibling Similarity in Family Formation
Authors: Raab Marcel , Fasang Anette Eva , Karhula Aleksi , Erola Jani 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSibling studies have been widely used to analyze the impact of family background on socioeconomic and, to a lesser extent, demographic outcomes. We contribute to this literature with a novel research design that combines sibling comparisons and sequence analysis to analyze longitudinal family-formation trajectories of siblings and unrelated persons. This allows us to scrutinize in a more rigorous way whether sibling similarity exists in family-formation trajectories and whether siblings’ shared background characteristics, such as parental education and early childhood family structure, can account for similarity in family formation. We use Finnish register data from 1987 through 2007 to construct longitudinal family-formation trajectories in young adulthood for siblings and unrelated dyads (N = 14,257 dyads). Findings show that family formation is moderately but significantly more similar for siblings than for unrelated dyads, also after controlling for crucial parental background characteristics. Shared parental background characteristics add surprisingly little to account for sibling similarity in family formation. Instead, gender and the respondents’ own education are more decisive forces in the stratification of family formation. Yet, family internal dynamics seem to reinforce this stratification such that siblings have a higher probability to experience similar family-formation patterns. In particular, patterns that correspond with economic disadvantage are concentrated within families. This is in line with a growing body of research highlighting the importance of family structure in the reproduction of social inequality.
Anthropometric Measurement of Tunnel Lengths for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Chinese
Authors: Chung-Kit Cheng James , Wing-Leung Chan , Yung-Chak Hsu Albert 
Published: November 2014

Introduction There is a lacking of tunnel length measurements data for primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in the Chinese population. Different tunnel lengths affect the security of the tendon graft fixation as well as bone—tendon healing. Long-term result may then be compromised. Double-bundle ACL reconstruction will work well if both grafts have good quality, size, and tendon—bone fixation. Proper rehabilitation is also an important element. However, the femoral tunnel length for posterolateral bundle will have a higher prevalence of inadequate graft bone contact because of its orientation, especially in the Chinese population with smaller knees compared with the Western population. Methods From January 2009 to June 2011, 148 cases of ACL reconstruction have been performed in our hospital. After excluding cases with revision, isolated bundle (anteromedial or posterolateral), and four-strand hamstring graft single-bundle ACL reconstructions, we recruited 48 cases with primary double-bundle ACL reconstruction in the study of tunnel lengths. Hamstring tendon autografts (semitendinosus and gracilis) were used. A small cohort study with Level 3 evidence was carried out. Results In 31.3% (15/48) of patients, inadequate graft—bone contact was observed in the posterolateral bundle using the available shortest Endobutton CL 15 (Endobutton continuous loop fixation device; Smith and Nephew, Andover, Massachusetts, USA) in femoral tunnel fixation. Conclusion ACL reconstruction is a complex procedure that relies on good tendon graft length, graft size, tunnel length, and secure fixation method. Inadequate posterolateral tunnel length may contribute to short-term complications as well as long-term failure. Further refining of the choices of graft, better orientation of tunnels, and a better fixation method may be important, especially in the Chinese population with smaller knees.
The influence of harmonic wall motion on transitional boundary layers
Authors: Hack M. J. Philipp , Zaki Tamer A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe influence of harmonic spanwise wall motion on bypass transition in boundary layers is investigated using direct numerical simulations. It is shown that the appropriate choice of the forcing parameters can achieve a substantial stabilization of the laminar flow regime. However, an increase of the forcing amplitude or period beyond their optimal values diminishes the stabilizing effect, and leads to breakdown upstream of the unforced case. For the optimal wall-oscillation parameters, the reduction in propulsion power substantially outweighs the power requirement of the forcing. The mechanism of transition delay is examined in detail. Analysis of the pre-transitional streaks shows that the wall oscillation substantially reduces their average amplitude, and eliminates the most energetic streaks. As a result, the secondary instabilities that precede breakdown to turbulence are substantially weakened – an effect demonstrated by linear stability analyses of flow fields from direct numerical simulations. The outcome is transition delay owing to a significant reduction in the frequency of occurrence of turbulent spots and a downstream shift in their average inception location. Finally, it is shown that the efficiency of the forcing can be further improved by replacing the sinusoidal time dependence of the wall oscillation with a square wave.
Faire la guerre pour un Mali démocratique : l'intervention militaire française et la gestion des possibilités politiques contestées
Authors: Charbonneau Bruno , Sears Jonathan 
Published: November 2014

RésuméLe 11 janvier 2013, le président François Hollande justifiait une intervention militaire française au Mali sur la possibilité de l'effondrement de l'État malien face à une rébellion armée dans le Nord du pays. La guerre était ainsi autorisée et expliquée par l'incapacité de l'État malien à répondre à la menace. Ces explications et analyses centrées sur les enjeux sécuritaires cachent plus qu'elles ne révèlent, notamment les objectifs ontologiques de la guerre et ses enjeux identitaires. Afin de les révéler, cet article articule l'interaction entre le déploiement de la violence internationale et la construction d'un État et d'un imaginaire politique maliens. Nous concluons que la paix au Mali en 2013 a été recherchée par la militarisation de la gouvernance démocratique, avec pour effet de consolider le modèle de gouvernance d'avant-guerre. Contrairement aux analyses axées sur la sécurité, cet article démontre que les frontières et les limites du conflit malien ne sont pas seulement territoriales, mais identitaires et idéologiques.
The AMINO experiment: a laboratory for astrochemistry and astrobiology on the EXPOSE-R facility of the International Space Station
Authors: Cottin H. , Saiagh K. , Guan Y.Y. , Cloix M. , Khalaf D. , Macari F. , Jérome M. , Polienor J.-M. , Bénilan Y. , Coll P. , Fray N. , Gazeau M.-C. , Raulin F. , Stalport F. , Carrasco N. , Szopa C. , Bertrand M. , Chabin A. , Westall F. , Vergne J. , Da Silva L.A. , Maurel M.-C. , Chaput D. , Demets R. , Brack A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe study of the evolution of organic matter subjected to space conditions, and more specifically to Solar photons in the vacuum ultraviolet range (120–200 nm) has been undertaken in low-Earth orbit since the 1990s, and implemented on various space platforms. This paper describes a photochemistry experiment called AMINO, conducted during 22 months between 2009 and 2011 on the EXPOSE-R ESA facility, outside the International Space Station. Samples with relevance to astrobiology (connected to comets, carbonaceous meteorites and micrometeorites, the atmosphere of Titan and RNA world hypothesis) have been selected and exposed to space environment. They have been analysed after return to the Earth. This paper is not discussing the results of the experiment, but rather gives a general overview of the project, the details of the hardware used, its configuration and recent developments to enable long-duration exposure of gaseous samples in tight closed cells enabling for the first time to derive quantitative results from gaseous phase samples exposed in space.
A comparison of modern investment-linked pension savings products
Authors: Linnemann Per , Bruhn Kenneth , Steffensen Mogens 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper is a continuation of and a supplement to the paper by Jørgensen & Linnemann. Both papers deal with TimePension – a (formula-based) smoothed investment-linked annuity pension scheme. Both papers compare TimePension with other pension savings products using stochastic financial simulation. TimePension as well as the financial model and simulation concept being used in both papers were introduced in the paper op cit.Jørgensen & Linnemann compare TimePension with a traditional with-profits scheme involving bonus entitlement and an investment-linked Unit Link scheme with a fixed proportion of assets invested in equities and other so-called risky assets. Here, TimePension is compared with two investment-linked life-cycle (target date) products. The focus is especially on the decumulation period, and we show that despite the fact that the life-cycle products reduce investment risk in retirement (compared with TimePension’s fixed proportional allocation of assets), the year-over-year stability in benefits provided by TimePension cannot be matched. Even though the overall investment risk on accumulated benefits is at the same level, TimePension provide year-over-year stability, also in case of sharp price changes in the financial market.Our results show that not only investment profiles define the stability of annuity benefits over time. In addition, more fundamental elements of the product design are important. The perspective on product design and development is Danish, but two of the compared products are generic life-cycle products that exist in equivalent forms in many countries. Similarly, the smoothed income annuities could also become an alternative product design in an international perspective.
Adaptive nonlinear path following method for fix‐wing micro aerial vehicle
Authors: Fang Jiancheng , Miao Cunxiao , Du Yuhu 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an adaptive controller of nonlinear path following for a fix‐wing micro‐aerial‐vehicle (MAV) in flight. The adaptive controller discussed in this work was able to successfully complete the flight tasks in complicated terrain, with improved trajectory tracking precision and flight quality.Design/methodology/approachThe nonlinear desired trajectory was fitted by the method of fifth‐order B‐splines with a sequence of waypoints which are created and sent by the ground station. According to the relationship between the nonlinear desired trajectory and aircraft's flight path, the authors have built the relevant error equations of position and course under wind disturbances, based on the Serret‐Frenet frame. The Lyapunov function can be constructed in virtue of the error equations and desired course function applying the vector field theory. On the basis of Lyapunov stability arguments, the authors have also constituted the course adaptive control law, which is converged asymptotically and stably.FindingsAccording to the nonlinear desired trajectory fitted by the proposed adaptive control methods, the authors have carried out the flight tests experiments with various positions, courses and airspeeds of aircraft. The experimental results show a good path following, as well as under wind disturbances.Practical implicationsA new methodology for the nonlinear path following has been proposed, which is also proven to be promising for other special applications such as the path following in straight‐line segment and orbit, etc.Originality/valueThe paper provides a novel realization method for accurate path following for MAVs. This method can also be carried out in many applications by a simple hardware.
Intégration régionale et croissance: Le cas de l'Afrique Centrale
Authors: Baricako Joseph , Ndongo Gaston Xavier Dagba 
Published: November 2014

RésuméL'Acte Constitutif de l'Union Africaine considère l'intégration régionale comme une des clés de l'unité du continent et de son développement. Subséquemment, plusieurs initiatives ont été prises conformément aux dispositions du traité d'Abuja afin d'atteindre une intégration totale en 2034. Toutefois, de nombreuses Communautés Économiques Régionales et notamment la Communauté Économique des États d'Afrique Centrale, sont confrontées à des difficultés diverses dans leur processus d'intégration. La présente étude se donne pour objectif de démontrer la contribution quantitative de l'intégration régionale en termes de croissance, pour les pays d'Afrique Centrale. Pour ce faire, la modélisation économétrique utilise un modèle VAR spécifié sur données de panel. Il en ressort que la contribution globale d'un pays d'Afrique Centrale à l'intégration explique à long terme 16,96% de la variation de sa croissance économique. Spécifiquement, l'union économique et l'union économique totale sont les phases du processus qui contribuent le plus à la croissance, à hauteur respective de 3,34% et 7,79%. Les impacts de la libéralisation commerciale et de l'union douanière sur la croissance, bien qu'étant de moins forte amplitude, sont positifs et persistants sur 10 ans.
Effects of Different Blood Purification Methods on Serum Cytokine Levels and Prognosis in Patients With Acute Severe Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning
Authors: Liu Lunzhi , Ding Guohua 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of three different blood purification methods, hemoperfusion (HP), continuous blood purification (CBP), and on‐line high‐volume hemodiafiltration (OL‐HDF), on the survival rate of patients with acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (ASOPP), as well as on major pro‐inflammatory (interleukin [IL]‐1, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α]) and anti‐inflammatory (IL‐10) cytokines in the serum. Eighty‐one ASOPP patients were randomly divided into three groups: HP (N = 23), HP + CBP (N = 26), HP + OL‐HD (N = 32). Serum IL‐1, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐10 levels were assessed by ELISA before treatment and at 24 and 48 h post‐treatment and survival rates were determined. Patient survival rate was significantly higher in OL‐HDF and CBP treated patients compared with HP group (P < 0.05). A significantly greater clearance effect in serum IL‐1, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels at 24 and 48 h post‐treatment was observed in CBP and OL‐HDF groups compared with the HP group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 increased significantly in CBP and OL‐HDF groups compared with the HP group (P < 0.05 at 48 h post‐treatment). In addition, OL‐HDF treatment achieved similar changes in serum TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6 and IL‐10 levels as CBP (P > 0.05). Compared with the HP method, CBP or OL‐HDF combined with HP can rapidly clear inflammatory cytokines, reduce systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and improve the survival of ASOPP patients. Compared with CBP, OL‐HDF is an economical and effective method to treat ASOPP with less technical difficulty and more suitability for rural areas and primary hospitals.
Current Clinical Applications of Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy
Authors: Capuano Maria , Sommese Linda , Pignalosa Orlando , Parente Delia , Fabbricini Rossella , Nicoletti Giovanni Francesco , De Pascale Maria Rosaria , Schiano Concetta , Napoli Claudio 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFrom the 1980s, extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) has been shown to be effective in a variety of pathological conditions such as erythrodermic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, autoimmune diseases, solid organ allograft rejection and graft versus host disease. To date, ECP represents a non‐aggressive immune modulatory therapy with a low spectrum of toxicity. ECP reduces the alloreactivity promoting the immune tolerance to self. At the same time, it allows the maintenance of immune response integrity of both naive and memory T‐cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of action by which ECP exerts its therapeutic activity are still under investigation. Here, we review molecular mechanisms and clinical applications involved in ECP. The outcome of ECP is difficult due to the lack of reliable predictor factors for the selection of patients and their adequate follow‐up. Since the study of such predictors is important, we also describe some biological markers that enable us to investigate the clinical management of the patients considered for the use of ECP.