bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-controlled analgesia compared with interval analgesic dosing for reducing complications in blunt thoracic trauma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Asha Stephen Edward , Curtis Kate Anne , Taylor Colman , Kwok Allan 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo determine if complications from blunt thoracic trauma are reduced with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) compared with interval analgesic dosing given as needed. Secondary aims were to investigate the influence of PCA on hospital length of stay (LOS) and cost.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients were identified using the hospital trauma registry and clinical information department. Data on analgesic method, outcomes and confounders were obtained from the medical record. Costing data were obtained from the case-mix department. The analysis used logistic regression for the primary outcome and a generalised linear model for the secondary outcomes to adjust for potential confounders.Results227 patients were included. In the PCA group, 17/52 (33%) patients had a complication compared with 26/175 (15%) in the interval dosing group. The adjusted odds for a complication in patients receiving PCA was not significantly different from the adjusted odds in those receiving interval dosing (OR=1.2, 95% CI 0.3 to 4.6, p=0.83). The median LOS was 8.9 days in the PCA group and 4.6 days in the interval dosing group. The adjusted LOS for patients receiving PCA was 10% shorter than those receiving interval dosing (relative difference 0.9, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.3, p=0.52). The median hospital cost was $A11 107 in the PCA group (IQR $A7520–$A15 744) and $A4511 (IQR $A2687–$A8248) in the interval dosing group. The adjusted total hospital costs for patients receiving PCA was 10% higher than for those receiving interval dosing (relative difference 1.1, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.5, p=0.44).ConclusionsPCA did not reduce complications, hospital LOS or costs compared with interval analgesic dosing.
Consent of the recently bereaved to post-mortem targeted angiography research: 207 adult cases
Authors: Saunders Sarah L , Amoroso Jasmin , Morgan Bruno , Rutty Guy 
Published: December 2012

AimsTo present our experience of prospective telephone consenting for post-mortem CT angiography (PMCT-A) research using HM coroners’ cases.MethodsLocal ethics committee, research and development office, and local HM coroners gave their permission for the families of the deceased, in cases where a ‘routine’ coroner's autopsy had been authorised, to be approached for their consent to PMCT-A research before the autopsy examination. A forensic pathologist or trial consenter telephoned the next of kin, discussed the nature of the study and obtained verbal informed consent for post-mortem imaging, angiography, case-dependent histological and toxicology sampling and for the use of the images for teaching and training. Thematic analyses of the reasons for giving or refusing consent are provided.ResultsOf the 207 cases approached, seven relatives refused to enter their next of kin into the study (96.6% consent rate).ConclusionsThis study shows that prospective consenting for HM coroners’ cases to be used for autopsy research is feasible in adults, and can be done ethically, and in the limited time available, by obtaining the consent of the next of kin by telephone before autopsy.
The role of interventional radiology in the management of deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Mehrzad Homoyoon , Freedman Jonathan , Harvey John Julian J , Ganeshan Arul 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis is a common life-threatening disorder with a significant mortality rate. The current standard anticoagulation therapy has proven inadequate in prevention of long-term post-thrombotic symptoms in patients with large clot burdens. Over the last two decades, advances in endovascular therapies have delivered a range of new treatment options including catheter-directed thrombolysis, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, venoplasty and stenting and inferior vena caval filter devices. Although there has been growing experience and guidelines in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis, there remains a wide variation in clinical practice nationally. This paper aims to raise the awareness of these emerging therapies and reviews the available evidence for their use.
Foundation doctors’ views on whether their medical school prepared them well for work: UK graduates of 2008 and 2009
Authors: Goldacre Michael J , Lambert Trevor W , Svirko Elena 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Purpose of the study
The transition from medical student to junior doctor is a critical stage in career progression. We report junior doctors’ views 1 year after graduation on whether their medical school prepared them well for clinical work.

Study design
Questionnaire surveys of the medical graduates of 2008 and 2009, from all UK medical schools, 1 year after graduation. Responses were compared with those of UK medical graduates of 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2005. The main outcome measure was the doctors’ level of agreement that medical school had prepared them well for work.

Results
53% of 2008 graduates and 49% of 2009 graduates agreed that their medical school had prepared them well. The percentage who felt unprepared has fallen from 31% of the 1999–2005 graduates, combined, to 19% of the 2008 and 2009 graduates (the remainder gave neutral responses). Combining 2008 and 2009 graduates’ responses, percentages who agreed that they had been well prepared ranged from 83% (95% CI 78 to 89) at the medical school with the highest level of agreement to 27% (95% CI 20 to 34) at the lowest. 25% of doctors specified that feeling unprepared had been a serious or medium-sized problem for them (only 2.7% regarded it as serious).

Conclusions
Medical schools need feedback from their graduates about elements of medical school training that could improve preparedness for medical work. It also seems likely that there are some reasonably straightforward lessons that medical schools could learn from each other.
Understanding MRI: basic MR physics for physicians
Authors: Currie Stuart , Hoggard Nigel , Craven Ian J , Hadjivassiliou Marios , Wilkinson Iain D 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
More frequently hospital clinicians are reviewing images from MR studies of their patients before seeking formal radiological opinion. This practice is driven by a multitude of factors, including an increased demand placed on hospital services, the wide availability of the picture archiving and communication system, time pressures for patient treatment (eg, in the management of acute stroke) and an inherent desire for the clinician to learn. Knowledge of the basic physical principles behind MRI is essential for correct image interpretation. This article, written for the general hospital physician, describes the basic physics of MRI taking into account the machinery, contrast weighting, spin- and gradient-echo techniques and pertinent safety issues. Examples provided are primarily referenced to neuroradiology reflecting the subspecialty for which MR currently has the greatest clinical application.
HTLV-1 cosmopolitan and HTLV-2 subtype b among pregnant women of non-endemic areas of Argentina
Authors: Berini Carolina A , Delfino Cecilia , Torres Oscar , García Gabriela , Espejo Rogelio , Pianciola Luis , Juarez Mirna , Arribere Graciela , Nadal Mónica , Eirin Maria E , Biglione Mirna M 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1/2, HIV-1, hepatitis B virus (HBV),Trypanosoma cruzi,Treponema pallidumandToxoplasma gondiiinfections and to identify the subtypes/subgroups of HTLV-1/2 among pregnant women (PW) from non-endemic provinces of Argentina.MethodsMethods A total of 2403 samples were screened for HTLV-1/2 and confirmed by western blot and PCR. The long terminal repeat (LTR) of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were amplified. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by Neighbour Joining by using molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) 4.0.ResultsAmong a total of 2403 PW studied, 6 (0.25%) tested positive for HTLV-1/2 (3 HTLV-1 (0.12%) and 3 HTLV-2 (0.12%)). The total prevalence when distributed by province was 0.3% (3/804) for Buenos Aires (BA), 0.4% (1/241) for BA surroundings, 0.1% (1/707) for Neuquen and 1.0% (1/95) for Ushuaia. In San Juan, no PW were HTLV-1/2 positive. The prevalence was similar when compared with rates among blood donors of the same areas and years. The phylogenetic analysis classified one sequence as HTLV-1 aA and one as HTLV-2b. The prevalence of HIV-1, HBV, T cruzi, T pallidum and T gondii was 0.6%, 0.2%, 1.4%, 1.2% and 20.9%, respectively. One case of HTLV-1/HIV-1 and one of HTLV-2/HIV-1 co-infection were detected.ConclusionsHTLV-1/2, which have been associated with different diseases, are circulating among PW of Argentina, even in non-endemic areas. Therefore, testing should be recommended in women who have risk factors for these infections given that the majority of HTLV-1/2 mother to child transmission can be prevented by the avoidance of breast feeding.
Vulnerabilities, health needs and predictors of high-risk sexual behaviour among female adolescent sex workers in Kunming, China
Authors: Zhang Xu-Dong , Temmerman Marleen , Li Yan , Luo Wei , Luchters Stanley 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesThis study assessed social and behavioural predictors for sexual risk taking and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV among adolescent female sex workers (FSWs) from Kunming, China. Additionally, health services needs and use were assessed.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2010. Using snowball and convenience sampling, self-identified FSWs were recruited from four urban areas in Kunming. Women consenting to participate were administered a semi-structured questionnaire by trained interviewers identified from local peer-support organisations. Following interview, a gynaecological examination and biological sampling to identify potential STIs were undertaken. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsAdolescent FSWs had a mean age of 18.2 years and reported numerous non-paying sexual partners with very low rate of consistent condom use (22.2%). Half (50.3%) the respondents had sex while feeling drunk at least once in the past week, of whom 56.4% did not use condom protection. STI prevalence was high overall (30.4%) among this group. Younger age, early sexual debut, being isolated from schools and family, short duration in sex work, and use of illicit drugs were found to be strong predictors for unprotected sex and presence of an STI. Conversely, having access to condom promotion, free HIV counselling and testing, and peer education were associated with less unprotected sex. The majority reported a need for health knowledge, free condoms and low-cost STI diagnosis and treatment.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to improve coverage, accessibility and efficiency of existing interventions targeting adolescent FSWs.
Outbreaks of African horse sickness in Senegal, and methods of control of the 2007 epidemic
Authors: Diouf N. D. , Etter E. , Lo M. M. , Lo M. , Akakpo A. J. 
Published: December 2012

Since first being detected in Nigeria in January 2007, African horse sickness virus serotype 2 (AHSV‐2) has spread throughout the northern hemisphere, and was first reported in Senegal. A retrospective study was conducted from December 2009 to April 2010 using data collected in the field combined with information available at the Direction of Veterinary Services. The epidemic started in the Dakar region with two outbreaks in March and June 2007, respectively, and spread in several parts of the country between July and November 2007. During this period, 232 outbreaks and 1137 horse deaths were reported. The epidemic was controlled by mass vaccination using a polyvalent‐attenuated vaccine. This retrospective study was conducted with various assumptions of AHSV‐2 introduction, and provides recommendations for implementing an early warning surveillance system for African horse sickness in Senegal.
FISH using a gag-like fragment probe reveals a common Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon in genome of Coffea species
Authors: Yuyama Priscila Mary , Pereira Luiz Filipe Protasio , dos Santos Tiago Benedito , Sera Tumoru , Vilas-Boas Laurival Antonio , Lopes Fabrício Ramon , Carareto Claudia Marcia Aparecida , Vanzela André Luís Laforga 
Published: December 2012

The genus Coffea possesses about 100 species, and the most economically important are Coffea canephora and Coffea arabica. The latter is predominantly self-compatible with 2n = 4x = 44, while the others of the genus are diploid with 2n = 2x = 22 and mostly self-incompatible. Studies using molecular markers have been useful to detect differences between genomes in Coffea; however, molecular and cytogenetic studies have produced only limited information on the karyotypes organization. We used DOP–PCR to isolate repetitive elements from genome of Coffea arabica var. typica. The pCa06 clone, containing a fragment of 775 bp length, was characterized by sequencing and used as a probe in chromosomes of C. arabica and six other species: C. canephora, Coffea eugenioides, Coffea kapakata, Coffea liberica var. dewevrei, Coffea racemosa, and Coffea stenophylla. This insert shows similarities with a gag protein of the Ty3-gypsy-like super-family. Dot blot and FISH analyses demonstrated that pCa06 is differentially accumulated between species and chromosomes. Signals appeared scattered and clustered on the chromosomes and were also associated with heterochromatic regions. While the literature shows that there is a high karyotype similarity between Coffea species, our results point out differences in the accumulation and dispersion of this Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon during karyotype differentiation of Coffea.
Nanomorphology tuning of the thermal response of TiO2/SiO2 Bragg stacks
Authors: Pavlichenko Ida , Exner Armin T. , Logvenov Gennady , Scarpa Giuseppe , Lugli Paolo , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: December 2012

Herein, we present a comparative study of thermo- and environmentally responsive TiO2/SiO2 one-dimensional photonic crystals (Bragg stacks) fabricated by different deposition methods and fabrication schemes, featuring various multilayer nanomorphologies. These include dense multilayer systems processed by physical vapor deposition and wet-chemistry protocols, as well as porous systems, namely, nanoparticle-based optical filters exhibiting textural porosity, and evaporation-induced self-assembled mesoporous Bragg stacks exhibiting predominantly structural porosity, as well as hybrid structures comprising both dense and porous layers. We investigate the spectral shift of the photonic stop band for the different Bragg stack nanomorphologies induced by the humidity-enhanced thermo-optic effect in a temperature range from 15 to 60 °C. We also demonstrate the response and recovery kinetics of the multilayer systems during external changes in ambient humidity. Notably, the choice of fabrication method plays a significant role in the thermal and humidity response of the system. Taking advantage of different material nanomorphologies we can tune the thermal shift of the photonic stop band in the range 0.2–32.9 nm for the Bragg stacks at ambient relative humidity. In addition, we can design dense multilayer systems nonresponsive to humidity and achieve time responses of the porous systems to external changes in humidity ranging from about 1 to 3 s.
A DFT study of reversed isotope shifts in H/D substitution of free-base porphyrin and related free-base tetrapyrroles
Authors: Henchy Christopher , Murray Ciaran , Crépin Claudine , McCaffrey John G. 
Published: December 2012

DFT/B3LYP calculations are used to analyse the occurrence of reverse isotope shift ratios (ISR) in H/D substitution of the free-base tetrapyrroles, in situations where the frequency ratio νH/νDis less than 1. The reverse ISR effect is found to be most evident in the out-of-plane bending modes (b2gand b3usymmetry) involving some N–H motion for the four molecules studied, viz., porphine (H2P), tetraaza-porphine (H2TAP), tetrabenzo-porphine (H2TBP), and phthalocyanine (H2Pc). It was analysed by following the evolution of the normal mode frequencies with incremental variation of the H atom masses from 1 to 2 amu. This method allows direct, unambiguous mode correlations to be established between the light and the heavy isotopologues. When the NH(D) motion is predominant, the H to D frequency evolution decreases in a continuous manner for a particular normal mode. In the case of two modes of the same symmetry and whose frequencies are similar, their frequency evolutions could cross, depending on the extent of NH(D) motion involved in them. The evolution diagrams may show avoided crossings of various extents, which thereby reflects the degree of the NH(D) motion in the modes. The reverse ISR effect is directly correlated to these avoided crossings. Because the isotope shifts are quite small (<10 cm–1) and occur in the congested 1500–500 cm–1spectral region, high-resolution methods yielding narrow line transitions are required for experimental analysis. The matrix isolation technique is particularly well suited for this work and is proposed for use in a search for this effect.
On the directional geomagnetic signature of the Pringle Falls excursion recorded at Pringle Falls, Oregon, USA
Authors: Herrero-Bervera Emilio , Cañón-Tapia Edgardo 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

We studied the detailed characteristics of the Pringle Falls excursion from samples at the original site recovered from four profiles drilled along the Deschutes River, Oregon. We drilled 827 samples spaced along 5 km for their detailed directional study. The profiles registered a high-resolution (>10 cm/ka) palaeomagnetic record of the excursion (
c.
211±13 ka) recorded by diatomaceous lacustrine sediments. We conducted palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic studies to investigate the reproducibility of the signal throughout the profiles. We performed low-field susceptibility v. temperature analysis that indicated that the main magnetic carrier is pure magnetite (Curie point 575 °C). The magnetic grain size also indicated single domain–multi domain (SD–MD) magnetite. The demagnetization was performed by alternating field experiments and the mean directions were determined by principal component analyses. The detailed behaviour of the palaeosignal is highly consistent since they are rapidly deposited sediments providing a detailed representation of the palaeofield. The dissected virtual geomagnetic pole paths in three different phases are highly internally consistent and are defined by clockwise and anticlockwise loops travelling from high northern latitudes over eastern North America and the North Atlantic to South America and then to high southern latitudes; then they return to high northern latitudes through the Pacific and over to Kamchatka.
Object-based image retrieval with kernel on adjacency matrix and local combined features
Authors: Qi Heng , Li Keqiu , Shen Yanming , Qu Wenyu 
Published: December 2012

In object-based image retrieval, there are two important issues: an effective image representation method for representing image content and an effective image classification method for processing user feedback to find more images containing the user-desired object categories. In the image representation method, the local-based representation is the best selection for object-based image retrieval. As a kernel-based classification method, Support Vector Machine (SVM) has shown impressive performance on image classification. But SVM cannot work on the local-based representation unless there is an appropriate kernel. To address this problem, some representative kernels are proposed in literatures. However, these kernels cannot work effectively in object-based image retrieval due to ignoring the spatial context and the combination of local features.
In this article, we present Adjacent Matrix (AM) and the Local Combined Features (LCF) to incorporate the spatial context and the combination of local features into the kernel. We propose the AM-LCF feature vector to represent image content and the AM-LCF kernel to measure the similarities between AM-LCF feature vectors. According to the detailed analysis, we show that the proposed kernel can overcome the deficiencies of existing kernels. Moreover, we evaluate the proposed kernel through experiments of object-based image retrieval on two public image sets. The experimental results show that the performance of object-based image retrieval can be improved by the proposed kernel.
Antitumor Activity of Cell-Permeable RUNX3 Protein in Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Lim Junghee , Duong Tam , Do Nga , Do Phuong , Kim Jaetaek , Kim Hyuncheol , El-Rifai Wael , Ruley H. Earl , Jo Daewoong 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Limited therapeutic options highlight the need to understand the molecular changes responsible for the disease and to develop therapies based on this understanding. The goal of this study was to develop cell-permeable (CP-) forms of the RUNT-related transcription factor 3, RUNX3–a candidate tumor suppressor implicated in gastric and other epithelial cancers–to study the therapeutic potential of RUNX3 in the treatment of gastric cancer.
Experimental Design: We developed novel macromolecule transduction domains (MTD) which were tested for the ability to promote protein uptake by mammalian cells and tissues and used to deliver of biologically active RUNX3 into human gastric cancer cells. The therapeutic potential CP-RUNX3 was tested in the NCI-N87 human tumor xenograft animal model.
Results: RUNX3 fusion proteins, HM57R and HM85R, containing hydrophobic MTDs enter gastric cancer cells and suppress cell phenotypes (e.g., cell-cycle progression, wounded monolayer healing, and survival) and induce changes in biomarker expression (e.g., p21Waf1 and VEGF) consistent with previously described effects of RUNX3 on TGF-β signaling. CP-RUNX3 also suppressed the growth of subcutaneous human gastric tumor xenografts. The therapeutic response was comparable with studies augmenting RUNX3 gene expression in tumor cell lines; however, the protein was most active when administered locally, rather than systemically (i.e., intravenously).
Conclusions: These results provide further evidence that RUNX3 can function as a tumor suppressor and suggest that practical methods to augment RUNX3 function could be useful in treating of some types of gastric cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(3); 680–90. ©2012 AACR.