bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study of girls in social work: Major discourses and feminist ideas
Authors: Krumer-Nevo Michal , Berkovitz-Romano Adva , Komem Michal 
Published: September 2014

Summary The purpose of this article is to identify the professional discourse on girls over time, and to examine the extent and the ways in which feminist ideas and theories are expressed in this discourse, and in particular, in the scholarly social work body of knowledge in Israel. Thus, the article presents a feminist-historical analysis of research on girls in conditions of distress published in Israel during the years 1970–2010. Findings Four main theoretical discourses were found through an analysis of 107 publications: the pathological discourse; the discourse of vulnerability; the discourse of agency; and the intersectional discourse. The findings show that the number of studies on girls and the use of feminist discourses in them are on the rise. The girls’ characteristics, their sexual behavior, and its connections to the characteristics of their families are three focuses of the research all through the years. However, major differences were discovered in the ways these issues were interpreted in accordance with the guiding discourse adopted by each individual study. Applications The choice of a specific discourse leads to different social work practice with girls. In order to develop feminist practices with girls and to apply the most appropriate one, one should recognize the different available discourses, and their potentialities to the field.
A single center experience with retrievable IVC filters
Authors: Renno Anas , Khateeb Faisal , Kazan Viviane , Qu Weikai , Gollapudi Anurekha , Aplin Brett , Abbas Jihad , Zelenock Gerald , Nazzal Munier 
Published: September 2014

Objective To evaluate retrievable IVC filters in our institution and assess their retrieval following a well-structured follow up program. Design Retrospective cohort study. Materials The medical records of patients implanted with retrievable IVC filters were reviewed. Methods All retrievable filter insertions between July 2007 and August 2011 at our institution were reviewed. Data was analyzed for age, gender, indication, complications, retrieval rate, and brand of filter inserted. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software v19. Chi-square was used to compare discrete data and t-test for continuous data. P < 0.05 was significant. Results A total of 484 patients were reviewed of which 258 (53.1%) had a complete medical record. And 96 (37.2%) filters were placed as permanent at the time of insertion. An additional 40 (15.5%) filters were converted to permanent (total permanent filters 136; 52.7%). Death was reported in 26 (10%) patients and 96 (37.2%) out of the remaining 232 patients presented for potential retrieval. Also, 73 (28.2%) had an attempt to retrieve the filters, 69 (94.5%) were successful and 4 (5.4%) failed to retrieve. The remaining 23 (8.9%) patients declined retrieval. Filters studied include Celect (38%), Bard (31.4%), Option (26.2%), Tulip (4.1%), and Recovery (0.2%). Bard was more commonly used as a retrievable filter (80.9%). Retrieval on the first attempt was 90.4% ( n = 66) successful. Of the remaining seven filters, three were successfully retrieved on a second attempt, and four failed to retrieve due to filter tilt. The success rates of retrieval for Celect and Tulip were significantly lower than for Bard ( p = 0.04 and 0.023, respectively). Conclusion Our study showed that a variety of IVC filters can be retrieved successfully with minimal complication rates. In more than half of our patients, IVC filters were used as permanent. Failure of retrieval was most frequently due to filter tilting.
Splice variation of the mu-opioid receptor and its effect on the action of opioids
Authors: Gretton Sophy K , Droney Joanne 
Published: September 2014

Summary points An individual’s response to opioids is influenced by a complex combination of genetic, molecular and phenotypic factors. Intra- and inter-individual variations in response to mu opioids have led to the suggestion that mu-opioid receptor subtypes exist. Scientists have now proven that mu-opioid receptor subtypes exist and that they occur through a mechanism promoting protein diversity, called alternative splicing. The ability of mu opioids to differentially activate splice variants may explain some of the clinical differences observed between mu opioids. This article examines how differential activation of splice variants by mu opioids occurs through alternative mu-opioid receptor binding, through differential receptor activation, and as a result of the distinct distribution of variants located regionally and at the cellular level.
Choosing a career in paediatrics: do trainees’ views change over the first year of specialty training?
Authors: Goodyear Helen M , Lakshminarayana Indumathy , Wall David , Bindal Taruna 
Published: September 2014

Summary Objectives To look at why a regional cohort of UK doctors chose a paediatric career and to ascertain views on their career near the end of training year one. Design A 20-item questionnaire was sent to all new regional paediatric specialty trainees. Three focus groups were held with trainees near the end of year one to elicit key themes. Setting West Midlands Deanery, UK Participants Twenty-nine new regional paediatric specialty trainees in year one completed the questionnaire. A total of 15 trainees participated in the focus groups near the end of year one training. Main outcome measures Reasons for choosing a paediatric career and factors which further influence career choice for trainees during their first specialty training year. Results Key influencing factors for choosing paediatrics were enjoying working with children and positive undergraduate experience of the specialty. All trainees had paediatrics as their first choice specialty and undertook a paediatric Foundation post. Near the end of year one, doubts were cast on career aspirations due to seeing middle grade colleagues struggling with work–life balance and a growing feeling that family came first. Conclusions Senior trainees need to be aware that they act as powerful role models for their more junior colleagues and therefore have an influential role on how juniors perceive a paediatric career. Family friendly flexible working patterns in paediatrics are vital to retain junior trainees. All paediatric staff are role models and need to be enthusiastic, keen to teach and to promote a positive working environment.
Dominant unit CD34+ cell dose predicts engraftment after double-unit cord blood transplantation and is influenced by bank practice
Authors: Purtill Duncan , Smith Katherine , Devlin Sean , Meagher Richard , Tonon Joann , Lubin Marissa , Ponce Doris M. , Giralt Sergio , Kernan Nancy A. , Scaradavou Andromachi , Stevens Cladd E. , Barker Juliet N. 
Published: September 2014

Key Points
Dominant unit infused viable CD34+ cell dose determines engraftment after double-unit CBT. Postthaw CD34+ cell recovery and viability are strongly associated with differences in CB banking practices.
Do large-scale hospital- and system-wide interventions improve patient outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Clay-Williams Robyn , Nosrati Hadis , Cunningham Frances C , Hillman Kenneth , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
While health care services are beginning to implement system-wide patient safety interventions, evidence on the efficacy of these interventions is sparse. We know that uptake can be variable, but we do not know the factors that affect uptake or how the interventions establish change and, in particular, whether they influence patient outcomes. We conducted a systematic review to identify how organisational and cultural factors mediate or are mediated by hospital-wide interventions, and to assess the effects of those factors on patient outcomes.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Database searches were conducted using MEDLINE from 1946, CINAHL from 1991, EMBASE from 1947, Web of Science from 1934, PsycINFO from 1967, and Global Health from 1910 to September 2012. The Lancet, JAMA, BMJ, BMJ Quality and Safety, The New England Journal of Medicine and Implementation Science were also hand searched for relevant studies published over the last 5 years. Eligible studies were required to focus on organisational determinants of hospital- and system-wide interventions, and to provide patient outcome data before and after implementation of the intervention. Empirical, peer-reviewed studies reporting randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, observational, and controlled before and after studies were included in the review.

Results
Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Improved outcomes were observed for studies where outcomes were measured at least two years after the intervention. Associations between organisational factors, intervention success and patient outcomes were undetermined: organisational culture and patient outcomes were rarely measured together, and measures for culture and outcome were not standardised.

Conclusions
Common findings show the difficulty of introducing large-scale interventions, and that effective leadership and clinical champions, adequate financial and educational resources, and dedicated promotional activities appear to be common factors in successful system-wide change.
The protocol has been registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews, PROSPERO (Registration No. CRD42103003050).
Adsorptive interaction of bisphenol A with mesoporous titanosilicate/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite materials: FT-IR and Raman analyses
Authors: Nguyen-Huy Chinh , Kim Nayoung , Nguyen-Phan Thuy-Duong , Yoo Ik-Keun , Shin Eun Woo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Nanocomposite materials containing graphene oxide have attracted tremendous interest as catalysts and adsorbents for water purification. In this study, mesoporous titanosilicate/reduced graphene oxide composite materials with different Ti contents were employed as adsorbents for removing bisphenol A (BPA) from water systems. The adsorptive interaction between BPA and adsorption sites on the composite materials was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. Adsorption capacities of BPA at equilibrium, q

e
(mg/g), decreased with increasing Ti contents, proportional to the surface area of the composite materials. FT-IR observations for fresh and spent adsorbents indicated that BPA adsorbed onto the composite materials by the electrostatic interaction between OH functional groups contained in BPA and on the adsorbents. The electrostatic adsorption sites on the adsorbents were categorized into three hydroxyl groups: Si-OH, Ti-OH, and graphene-OH. In Raman spectra, the intensity ratios of D to G band were decreased after the adsorption of BPA, implying adsorptive interaction of benzene rings of BPA with the sp2 hybrid structure of the reduced graphene oxide.
Preparation TiO2 core-shell nanospheres and application as efficiency drug detection sensor
Authors: Yue Jingli , Chen Zhenhua , E Yifeng , Chen Lianshan , Zhang Jing , Song Yimeng , Zhai Yuchun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we report the facile preparation of monodisperse titanium dioxide-diltiazem/tetrachlorobismuth core-shell nanospheres (TiO2@DTMBi), in which, diltiazem (DTM)/tetrachlorobismuth (BiCl4) complexes were employed as electroactive materials. The morphology, size, formation, and structure of the obtained TiO2@DTMBi spheres were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The optimal condition of obtained monodisperse 40-nm TiO2@DTMBi spheres was researched. The results of using TiO2@DTMBi nanospheres as proposed drug sensor indicate a wide linear range (10-7to 10-1 M) and a very low detection limit of 0.20 μg/mL.
Statistical detection of the influence of solar activities to weak earthquakes
Authors: Qin Pan , Yamasaki Tomohiko , Nishii Ryuei 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the literature, it has been hypothesized that the solar wind released by the Sun affects the Earth as a trigger to cause earthquakes. This hypothesis is on the basis of the observation that the frequency of earthquakes rises at the period of solar minimum. In recent years, various physical measurements on the solar wind like velocity and temperature etc. became available. With these data, we focus on investigating the relation between the solar activities and the earthquakes. For this purpose, we constructed generalized auto-regressive models with exogenous variables obeying a Poisson or a negative binomial distribution, in which the response variable is the frequency of earthquakes with Richter magnitude scales 4-4.9 (EQ4-4.9), and the explanatory variables are nine physical measurements about the solar wind, the magnetospheres of the interplanetary magnetic field and the Earth. Model selection was conducted by using Bayesian information criterion based forward stepwise selection. Finally, numerical results showed that the exogenous variables of solar wind are statistically significant for the frequency of EQ4-4.9.
The complexities of caring for a patient with an ICD in end-stage heart failure
Authors: Whittingham Katharine , Hodgson Louise J 
Published: September 2014

Despite comprehensive guidelines relating to the issue of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) deactivation in end-stage heart failure, complexities with implementation of the guidance continue to be raised in clinical practice. It is widely recognized that patients should be given the opportunity to discuss the issues surrounding deactivation of the ICD at the earliest opportunity. In practice, the process of facilitating these discussions can be challenging. This article explores relevant literature to illustrate complexities in ICD deactivation. A case study is presented to describe how a community heart failure specialist nurse succeeded in negotiating these challenges to support the timely deactivation of an ICD in a patient with end-stage heart failure.
Genomic insights into abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Bown MJ 
Published: September 2014

Introduction An individual’s genetic background plays a significant role in his or her chances of developing an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This risk is likely to be due to a combination of multiple small effect genetic factors acting together, resulting in considerable difficulty in the identification of these factors. Methods Methods for the identification of genetic factors associated with disease are usually based on the analysis of genetic variants in case-control studies. Over the last decade, owing to advances in bioinformatics and laboratory technology, these studies have progressed from focusing on the examination of a single genetic variant in each study to the examination of many millions of variants in a single experiment. We have conducted a series of such experiments using these methods. Results Our original methods using candidate gene approaches led to the initial identification of a genetic variant in the interleukin-10 gene associated with AAA. However, further studies failed to confirm this association and highlighted the necessity for adequately powered studies to be conducted, as well as the need for confirmatory studies to be performed, prior to the acceptance of a variant as a risk for disease. The subsequent application of genomic techniques to our sample set, in a global collaboration, has led to the identification of three robustly verified risk loci for AAA in the LRP1, LDLR and SORT1 genes. Conclusions Genomic studies of AAA have led to the identification of new pathways involved in the pathogenesis of AAA. The exploration of these pathways has the potential to unlock new avenues for therapeutic intervention to prevent the development and progression of AAA.
Single site multiport umbilical laparoscopic appendicectomy versus conventional multiport laparoscopic appendicectomy in acute settings
Authors: Jategaonkar PA , Yadav SP 
Published: September 2014

Introduction Although conventional multiport laparoscopic appendicectomy (CMLA) is preferred for managing acute appendicitis, the recently developed transumbilical laparoscopic approach is rapidly gaining popularity. However, its wide dissemination seems restricted by technical/technological issues. In this regard, a newly developed method of single site multiport umbilical laparoscopic appendicectomy (SMULA) was compared prospectively with CMLA to assess the former’s efficacy and the technical advantages in acute scenarios. Methods Overall, 430 patients were studied: 212 in the SMULA group and 218 in the CMLA group. The same surgeon performed all the procedures using routine laparoscopic instruments. The SMULA technique entailed three ports inserted directly at the umbilical mound through three distinct strategically placed mini-incisions without raising the umbilical flap. The CMLA involved the traditional three-port technique. Results Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic criteria, indications for surgery, intraoperative blood loss, time to ambulation, length of hospital stay and umbilical morbidity. Although the mean operative time was marginally longer in the SMULA group (43.35 minutes, standard deviation [SD]: 21.16 minutes) than in the CMLA group (42.28 minutes, SD: 21.41 minutes), this did not reach statistical significance. Conversely, the mean pain scores on day 0 and the cosmetic outcomes differed significantly and favoured the SMULA technique. None of the patients developed port site hernias over the follow-up period (mean 2.9 years). Conclusions The favourable outcomes for the SMULA technique are likely to be due to the three small segregated incisions at one place and better trocar ergonomics. The SMULA technique is safe in an acute setting and may be considered of value among the options for transumbilical appendicectomy.
Prediction of complications after partial nephrectomy by RENAL nephrometry score
Authors: Reddy UD , Pillai R , Parker RA , Weston J , Burgess NA , Ho ETS , Mills RD , Rochester MA 
Published: September 2014

Introduction Discussing and planning the appropriate management for suspicious renal masses can be challenging. With the development of nephrometry scoring methods, we aimed to evaluate the ability of the RENAL nephrometry score to predict both the incidence of postoperative complications and the change in renal function after a partial nephrectomy. Methods This was a retrospective study including 128 consecutive patients who underwent a partial nephrectomy (open and laparoscopic) for renal lesions in a tertiary UK referral centre. Univariate and multivariate ordinal regression models were used to identify associations between Clavien–Dindo classification and explanatory variables. The Kendall rank correlation coefficient was used to examine an association between RENAL nephrometry score and a drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) following surgery. Results An increase in the RENAL nephrometry score of one point resulted in greater odds of being in a higher Clavien–Dindo classification after controlling for RENAL suffix and type of surgical procedure (odds ratio [OR]: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.64, p=0.043). Furthermore, a patient with the RENAL suffix ‘p’ (ie posterior location of tumour) had increased odds of developing more serious complications (OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.07–6.30, p=0.042). A correlation was shown between RENAL nephrometry score and postoperative drop in eGFR (Kendall’s tau coefficient -0.24, p=0.004). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study that has shown the predictive ability of the RENAL nephrometry scoring system in a UK cohort both in terms of postoperative complications and change in renal function.
What a legacy!
Authors: Marx Clare 
Published: September 2014

‘Baptism of fire @BBCr4today with John Humphreys @claremarx’ I didn’t expect the first day of my term of office to begin at 6.50am, facing John Humphreys for the Today programme – but why not? Where better to start as the new College President? My objective for the precious three minutes was not to talk about waiting lists, gallbladders and surgeons on the golf course, and I laboured to raise the pivotal role surgeons want to play in the challenges facing surgical services.
Preparation and characterization of polyamide-6/CaCO3 hybrid hollow fiber membranes
Authors: Jiang Zhao-Hui , Xiao Chang-Fa , Hu Xiao-Yu 
Published: September 2014

Abstract Polyamide-6(PA6)/CaCO3 hollow fiber membranes were prepared by gel spinning from PA6/CaCO3/diluent system followed by cold-stretching. In virtue of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is observed that the membrane present an asymmetric structure consisting of a dense skin, cellular cross-section and porous inner-surface. The porous structure was obtained by combining thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process with interfacial micro-void mechanism, which has been seldom applied in membrane formation. Therefore, multi-porous structure derived from TIPS pores and interfacial micro-void. The Effects of CaCO3 content, fixed-length heat-setting on properties of hollow fiber membranes such as water permeability, porosity, bubble point pore diameter were investigated. In three different CaCO3 contents, the membrane with 30wt% CaCO3 has the best comprehensive performance. In addition, fixed-length heat-setting was favorable to produce membrane with higher water permeability.
Synthesis of two AMPS-based polymerizable room temperature ionic liquids and swelling difference between their co-polymeric gels with HEMA
Authors: Yang Xuejiao , Fang Yanxiong , Li Xinming , Zhang Kun , Cui Yingde , Zhang Buning , Yin Guoqiang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTwo polymerizable room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL), AMPS-BA and AMPS-DMAEMA, were synthesized by neutralization of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) with butylamine (BA) and 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), respectively, in acetone, followed by evaporation of the solvent under a reduced pressure at room temperature. The RTILs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry to determine their glass transition temperatures (Tg). Co-polymeric gels of the RTILs with 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) were prepared by aqueous solution polymerization using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAm) as a cross-linker and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The superabsorbency of the gels in water and various organic solvents was gravimetrically investigated. The results showed that the Tg of AMPS-BA and AMPS-DMAEMA was -47.7°C and -45.8°C, respectively. Poly(AMPS-BA-co-HEMA) gels exhibited superabsorbency in both water and various organic solvents, while poly(AMPS-DMAEMA-co-HEMA) gels did not swell in any liquids. The mechanism for the swelling difference between poly(AMPS-BA-co-HEMA) gels and poly(AMPS-DMAEMA-co-HEMA) gels was critically discussed.