bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition Between Growth and Removal in Zirconia Nanocrystal-Derived Tribofilms: The Role of Co-additives
Authors: LaMascus Parker , Elinski Meagan B. , Delghandi Daniel , Nautiyal Pranjal , Griffin Julia , Zheng Lei , Jackson Andrew , Wiacek Robert J. , Carpick Robert W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAntiwear additives permit energy-efficient lubrication of gearboxes, bearings, and other tribological interfaces. We study zirconia (ZrO2) nanocrystal additives, which readily form protective tribofilms in tribological contacts. Our prior work demonstrated cooperative antiwear performance between ZrO2 and the S- and P-based co-additives in fully formulated hydrocarbon gear oils. Here, we extend that work by examining the growth kinetics of the ZrO2 tribofilms, including the influence of the co-additives. In the boundary lubrication regime for mixed rolling-sliding contacts, the initial phase of ZrO2 tribofilm growth is soon overtaken by removal processes, phenomena whose importance has gone unnoticed in prior work. Tribofilm removal affects the steady-state thickness and morphology of the tribofilm as well as its growth kinetics. The S- and P-based co-additives are incorporated into the ZrO2 tribofilm, and alter the competition between the growth and removal processes, increasing initial net growth rates per contact cycle and contributing to a more polished final interface. This work highlights the significance of removal processes in determining tribofilm antiwear performance, and suggests several routes for improving tribofilm growth kinetics using co-additives.
Graphical abstract
Isolation of new indole alkaloid triglucoside from the aqueous extract of Uncaria rhynchophylla
Authors: Koseki Yuta , Nishimura Hiroaki , Asano Ryuji , Aoki Katsuyuki , Shiyu Li , Sugiyama Ryosuke , Yamazaki Mami 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. (Rubiaceae) is widely used as a botanical raw material for traditional Japanese and Chinese medicines. However, not all of its potentially bioactive constituents have been isolated and characterized. Herein, one new indole alkaloid triglucoside (1), nine known alkaloids (2–10) and thirteen known non-alkaloids (11–23) were isolated from the aqueous extract of Uncaria rhynchophylla hook and structurally characterized 1H and 13C NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The absolute configurations of isolated compounds (1, 2 and 3) were determined by the X-ray diffraction analysis of their single crystals obtained using a micro-drop crystallization technique. This technique allows single crystals to be obtained from samples as small as 50 µg, thus providing detailed structural information even on minor constituents and enabling the accurate quality monitoring of botanical raw materials more accurately.

Graphical abstract
Normative Challenges of Risk Regulation of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Orwat Carsten , Bareis Jascha , Folberth Anja , Jahnel Jutta , Wadephul Christian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractApproaches aimed at regulating artificial intelligence (AI) include a particular form of risk regulation, i.e. a risk-based approach. The most prominent example is the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act). This article addresses the challenges for adequate risk regulation that arise primarily from the specific type of risks involved, i.e. risks to the protection of fundamental rights and fundamental societal values. This is mainly due to the normative ambiguity of such rights and societal values when attempts are made to select, interpret, specify or operationalise them for the purposes of risk assessments and risk mitigation. This is exemplified by (1) human dignity, (2) informational self-determination, data protection and privacy, (3) anti-discrimination, fairness and justice, and (4) the common good. Normative ambiguities require normative choices, which are assigned to different actors under the regime of the AI Act. Particularly critical normative choices include selecting normative concepts by which to operationalise and specify risks, aggregating and quantifying risks (including the use of metrics), balancing value conflicts, setting levels of acceptable risks, and standardisation. To ensure that these normative choices do not lack democratic legitimacy and to avoid legal uncertainty, further political processes and scientific debates are suggested.
Personalentwicklung als Profession? Zur vermittelnden Funktion von Personalentwicklung in organisationalen Widersprüchen
Authors: Weisenburger Nathalie 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag in der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ stellt die Ergebnisse einer Studie zur Rolle und Funktion der Personalentwicklung (PE) im Spannungsfeld zwischen Organisation, Person und Profession vor. Es werden die subjektiven Perspektiven der Praktiker/-innen in den Fokus gerückt und ihre Selbstverständnisse und Handlungsorientierungen vorgestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass sich diese zwischen gegensätzlichen Positionen in Unternehmen bewegen. Diskutiert werden das Kernverständnis der Tätigkeit als Personalentwickler/-in vor dem Hintergrund steigender Anforderungen sowie der Umgang mit Spannungsfeldern durch die PE-Praktiker und der Mehrwert, den eine an Professionen ausgerichtete PE mit sich bringen kann.
“We are protectors, not protestors”: global impacts of extractivism on human–nature bonds
Authors: Hanaček Ksenija , Tran Dalena , Landau Arielle , Sanz Teresa , Thiri May Aye , Navas Grettel , Del Bene Daniela , Liu Juan , Walter Mariana , Lopez Aida , Roy Brototi , Fanari Eleonora , Martinez-Alier Joan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes the global impacts of extractivism on human–nature bonds. To do so, we rely on socio-ecological conflict data from the Global Atlas of Environmental Justice. Over 1800 cases involving resistance to the destruction of nature, cultures, cosmologies, worldviews, ancestral origins, and sacred places are analyzed using log-linear regression compared to 1600 cases that do not report such loss. The impact is especially visible when mineral ores, plantation products, and crude oil are extracted. The results indicate that affected groups are Indigenous peoples, farmers, peasants, pastoralists, and religious groups. In conflict outcomes, 79% of cases with refusal of compensation indicate impacts on human–nature bonds. Furthermore, in those cases where assassinations of activists occurred, 68% have observed impacts on human–nature bonds. Protecting human–nature bonds is a critical component for achieving social, economic, and environmental sustainability and justice against extractivism embedded in colonial relations playing against such bonds and environmental protectors.
Emotional attachment and philosophical worldviews explain human connectedness to nature in abandoned rural Spain
Authors: López-Zayas C. , Castro A. J. , Requena-Mullor J. M. , López-Rodríguez M. D. , Garau E. , Quintas-Soriano C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLand abandonment and rural depopulation are escalating worldwide, presenting sustainability dilemmas for both rural and urban regions. However, there remains a dearth of research on the sociocultural dimensions of abandonment from a local standpoint. This investigation focuses on a case study conducted in southeastern Spain, wherein a social survey was used to evaluate the perspectives of local communities concerning human–nature interconnectedness, land abandonment, and their impacts on quality of life. A survey campaign was administered in the case study region during the spring of 2021, and 122 surveys were collected. The findings identify, in the context of the progressive abandonment of rural lands in Spain, key factors that explain the desire of local people to inhabit and not abandon rural regions in southeastern Spain. Our results also show a strong connection between people and nature in rural Spain, which is explained by the capacity of locals to form relational values in rural environments and the existence of philosophical worldviews and emotional attachments to rural lifestyles. However, barriers to not abandoning rural environments were also identified, including a lack of professional and economic opportunities. Our results suggest that the mitigation of depopulation in rural areas in Spain requires actions to foster land stewardship and address socioeconomic imbalances.
Backside Analysis Strategy to Identify a Package-Related Failure Mode at an Automotive Magnetic Sensor Device
Authors: Simon-Najasek M. , Naumann F. , Huebner S. , Lejoyeux M. , Altmann F. , Lindner A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a root cause analysis case study of defective Hall effect sensor devices. The study identified a complex failure mode caused by chip–package interaction, which has a similar signature to discharging defects such as ESDFOS (electrostatic discharge from outside to surface). However, the study revealed that the defect was induced by local mechanical force applied to IC structures due to the presence of large irregular shaped filler particles within the mold compound. Extensive failure analysis work was conducted to identify the failure mode, including the development of a new backside analysis strategy to preserve the mold compound during IC defect localization and screening. A combination of different failure analysis techniques was used, including CMP delayering, PFIB trenching, SEM PVC imaging and large area FIB cross-sectioning. The study found that the mold compound of the package caused thermo-mechanical strain onto the silica filler particle due to epoxy shrinkage during the molding process. Additionally, extra-large, irregularly shaped filler particles (called twin particles), located on top of the chip surface, can cause locally high compression stresses onto the IC layers, initiating cracks in the isolation layers under certain conditions forming a leakage path over the time. Thermo-mechanical finite element analysis was applied to verify the mechanical load condition for these large irregular shaped filler particles. As a result, an additional polyimide layer was introduced onto the IC to mitigate the mechanical stress of mold compound particles to avoid this failure mode.
Formulation of zeolite-mesoporous silica composite catalysts for light olefin production from catalytic cracking
Authors: Alhassawi Hassan , Asuquo Edidiong , Zainal Shima , Zhang Yuxin , Alhelali Abdullah , Qie Zhipeng , Parlett Christopher M. A. , D’Agostino Carmine , Fan Xiaolei , Garforth Arthur A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFramework materials such as zeolites and mesoporous silicas are commonly used for many applications, especially catalysis and separation. Here zeolite-mesoporous silica composite catalysts (employing zeolite Y, ZSM-5, KIT-6, SBA-15 and MCM-41 mesoporous silica) were prepared (with different weight percent of zeolite Y and ZSM-5) and assessed for catalytic cracking (using n-heptane, as the model compound at 550 °C) with the aim to improve the selectivity/yield of light olefins of ethylene and propylene from n-heptane. Physicochemical properties of the parent zeolites and the prepared composites were characterized comprehensively using several techniques including X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance and thermogravimetric analysis. Catalytic cracking results showed that the ZY/ZSM-5/KIT-6 composite (20:20:60 wt %) achieved a high n-heptane conversion of 85% with approximately 6% selectivity to ethylene/propylene. In contrast, the ZY/ZSM-5/SBA-15 composite achieved a higher conversion of 95% and an ethylene/propylene ratio of 8%, indicating a more efficient process in terms of both conversion and selectivity. Magnetic resonance relaxation analysis of the ZY/ZSM-5/KIT-6 (20:20:60) catalyst confirmed a micro-mesoporous environment that influences n-heptane diffusion and mass transfer. As zeolite Y and ZSM-5 have micropores, n-heptane can move and undergo hydrogen transfer reactions, whereas KIT-6 has mesopores that facilitate n-heptane’s accessibility to the active sites of zeolite Y and ZSM-5.
Detection and mitigation of soil salinization risk from saline/brackish water aquaculture in coastal areas: an application of remote sensing and managed aquifer recharge
Authors: Nguyen Diep Ngoc , Chiapponi Emilia , Nguyen Dong Minh , Antonellini Marco , Silvestri Sonia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on detecting and mitigating soil salinization in four coastal areas of the Mekong Delta (Vietnam). Salinity patterns in the soils of the Mekong River Delta are not random but linked to land use practices and distance to the sea. We examine two quick yet reliable remote sensing-based techniques to detect the coastal aquaculture area and separate it from the inland freshwater farmland. These techniques can eventually be used to identify locations with an elevated risk of salinization in other coastal regions. Finally, we investigate a salinization mitigation solution based on creating a managed aquifer recharge system along the buffer zone that separates the coastal aquaculture area from the inland freshwater agriculture area. The implementation of an infiltration pond system is technically feasible in the Mekong Delta provided that hydrogeological characteristics, the fresh-saline interface position, and freshwater demands are considered. The transitional zone between freshwater agriculture and brackish water aquaculture in Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, Tra Vinh and Ben Tre provinces is optimal for implementing an aquifer recharge/freshwater barrier scheme.
Co-designing teaching with digital technologies: a case study on mixed pre-service and in-service mathematics teacher design teams
Authors: Dilling Frederik , Witzke Ingo , Hörnberger Kevin , Trgalová Jana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe development of professional digital competencies is an important condition for a meaningful integration of digital technologies in mathematics education. A widely used and empirically studied approach for the professional development of in-service teachers are teacher design teams, in which lessons are collaboratively planned, implemented and reflected. However, this approach has not yet been considered for the collaboration of pre-service and in-service teachers. Therefore, this article examines in a holistic case study mixed teacher design teams composed of pre-service and in-service teachers. A total of 23 interviews were conducted with pre-service and in-service teachers and analyzed by inductive development of categories using the method of qualitative content analysis. The case study shows among other things, that the different prerequisites of the participants can lead to a relatively clear division of roles within the collaboration, which turns out to be suitable for the professionalization of both pre-service and in-service mathematics teachers.
Fairness als Qualitätskriterium im Maschinellen Lernen – Rekonstruktion des philosophischen Konzepts und Implikationen für die Nutzung außergesetzlicher Merkmale bei qualifizierten Mietspiegeln
Authors: Bothmann Ludwig , Peters Kristina 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungMit der verstärkten Nutzung von Modellen des Maschinellen Lernens (ML) innerhalb von Systemen der automatisierten Entscheidungsfindung wachsen die Anforderungen an die Qualität von ML-Modellen. Die reine Prognosegüte ist nicht länger das alleinige Qualitätskriterium; insbesondere wird vermehrt gefordert, dass Fairnessaspekte berücksichtigt werden. Dieser Beitrag verfolgt zwei Ziele. Zum einen werden die aktuelle Fairnessdiskussion im Bereich ML (fairML) zusammengefasst und die aktuellsten Entwicklungen, insbesondere in Bezug auf die philosophischen Grundlagen des Fairnessbegriffs innerhalb ML, beschrieben. Zum anderen wird die Frage behandelt, inwiefern sogenannte „außergesetzliche“ Merkmale bei der Erstellung qualifizierter Mietspiegel genutzt werden dürfen. Ein aktueller Vorschlag von Kauermann und Windmann (AStA Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv, Band 17, 2023) zur Nutzung außergesetzlicher Merkmale in qualifizierten Mietspiegeln beinhaltet eine modellbasierte Imputationsmethode, welche wir den gesetzlichen Anforderungen gegenüberstellen. Schließlich zeigen wir auf, welche Alternativen aus dem Bereich fairML genutzt werden könnten und legen dar, welche unterschiedlichen philosophischen Grundannahmen hinter den verschiedenen Verfahren stehen.
The progress of tumor vaccines clinical trials in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaomu , Niu Yunping , Bian Fang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a significant global health challenge, with high mortality rates and limited treatment options. Tumor vaccines have emerged as a potential therapeutic approach, aiming to stimulate the immune system to specifically target tumor cells.

Methods
This study screened 283 clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov through July 31, 2023. After excluding data that did not meet the inclusion criteria, a total of 108 trials were assessed. Data on registered number, study title, study status, vaccine types, study results, conditions, interventions, outcome measures, sponsor, collaborators, drug target, phases, enrollment, start date, completion date and locations were extracted and analyzed.

Results
The number of vaccines clinical trials for NSCLC has continued to increase in recent years, the majority of which were conducted in the United States. Most of the clinical trials were at stages ranging from Phase I to Phase II. Peptide-based vaccines accounted for the largest proportion. Others include tumor cell vaccines, DNA/RNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and DC vaccines. Several promising tumor vaccine candidates have shown encouraging results in early-phase clinical trials. However, challenges such as heterogeneity of tumor antigens and immune escape mechanisms still need to be addressed.

Conclusion
Tumor vaccines represent a promising avenue in the treatment of NSCLC. Ongoing clinical trials are crucial for optimizing vaccine strategies and identifying the most effective combinations. Further research is needed to overcome existing limitations and translate these promising findings into clinical practice, offering new hope for NSCLC patients.
Validation of the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ) in a young adult Black sample in the U.S.: Evaluating the psychometric properties and associations with BMI
Authors: Kuno Caroline Bena , Frankel Leslie , Ofosuhene Patrick , Keen II Larry 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ) is an instrument developed in the UK and used to examine appetitive traits in adults. The AEBQ is divided into four Food Approach subscales, namely; Enjoyment of Food, Emotional Overeating, Food Responsiveness and Hunger, and four Food Avoidance subscales, namely; Emotional Undereating, Food Fussiness, Slowness in Eating, and Satiety Responsiveness. The instrument has been validated in a number of countries. However, there is limited evidence to show the validation of the AEBQ in predominantly Black populations. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to validate the AEBQ in a Black young adult sample in the U.S.A. Participants (n = 229) consisted of young adults with an average age (20.97 ± 4.31) attending a Central Virginia Historically Black University. Reliability Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted. Correlations, as well as multivariate multiple linear regression models were estimated. Food Avoidance subscales demonstrated more internal consistency than the Food Approach subscales. The CFA results indicated a 7-factor model in which the Hunger subscale was eliminated to fit the data better overall. The Food Approach subscales demonstrated more convergent validity than the Food Avoidance subscales. BMI significantly predicted both Emotion Overeating and Emotional Undereating, as well as Food Fussiness. Moreover, both sex and age significantly predicted Emotional Undereating, Food Responsiveness and Hunger. Further, sex significantly predicted Emotional Overeating and Satiety Responsiveness. Lastly, depression predicted Emotional Undereating. In conclusion, this study provided some evidence to support the use of the AEBQ as a reliable and valid measure of adult eating behavior.
Normalized Solutions to at Least Mass Critical Problems: Singular Polyharmonic Equations and Related Curl–Curl Problems
Authors: Bieganowski Bartosz , Mederski Jarosław , Schino Jacopo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe are interested in the existence of normalized solutions to the problem $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} (-\Delta )^m u+\frac{\mu }{|y|^{2m}}u + \lambda u = g(u), \quad x = (y,z) \in \mathbb {R}^K \times \mathbb {R}^{N-K}, \\ \int _{\mathbb {R}^N} |u|^2 \, dx = \rho > 0, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

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in the so-called at least mass critical regime. We utilize recently introduced variational techniques involving the minimization on the $$L^2$$

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which arises from the system of Maxwell equations and is of great importance in nonlinear optics.
Over the river and into the hills: locals and non-locals at Inzersdorf, a late Bronze Age cemetery in the Traisen Valley (Austria)
Authors: Fritzl Michaela , Waltenberger Lukas , James Hannah F. , Snoeck Christophe , Rebay-Salisbury Katharina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Late Bronze Age is characterized by the increasing homogenization of material culture and the prevalence of urn burials. The cemetery of Inzersdorf, located in the Lower Traisen Valley, Austria, is used to investigate whether changes in burial practices during the Late Bronze Age were locally driven or influenced by external factors. This study interprets strontium isotope data from 215 calcined human bone samples in the context of a local baseline established from 163 modern plant samples (55 locations) within a 10 km radius of Inzersdorf. Complementary Correspondence Analysis and 14C dates were used to identify chronological changes. The high-density sampling carried out in the Traisen Valley for bioavailable strontium (BASr) enabled the differentiation of people who mainly sourced their food from the valley or the hills. A diachronic shift in land use was identified, with the main food resource obtained from the hills for the earlier and the valley providing most of the foods for the later phase of the cemetery, which is more distinct in men than in women. Five individuals with isotopic values that differed from the main population were identified, one of which has an 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7061 falling below the BASr baseline created with the modern plant data. While the latter may indicate metal-related travel, the other four individuals may be interpreted as inhabitants of single farmsteads. Additionally, an individual with a significant shift in isotopic values between the petrous bone and long bone was identified, indicating changing local food sources over the individual’s life.