bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Antihypertensive Therapy Throughout the Initial 24 Hours of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Kobayashi Junpei , Koga Masatoshi , Tanaka Eijirou , Okada Yasushi , Kimura Kazumi , Yamagami Hiroshi , Okuda Satoshi , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Shiokawa Yoshiaki , Furui Eisuke , Nakagawara Jyoji , Kario Kazuomi , Okata Takuya , Arihiro Shoji , Sato Shoichiro , Nagatsuka Kazuyuki , Minematsu Kazuo , Toyoda Kazunori 
Published: January 2014

Background and Purpose—
A short duration (<24 hours) of antihypertensive therapy (AHT) after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may be sufficient because active bleeding generally ceases within several hours. We aimed to determine the association between sequential systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels during AHT and outcomes in ICH patients.

Methods—
In 211 hyperacute ICH patients who underwent AHT based on predefined protocol, the mean of hourly SBP (mSBP) measurements was calculated over 1 to 8 hours (first mSBP), 9 to 16 hours (second mSBP), and 17 to 24 hours (third mSBP) after the initiation of AHT. Outcomes included neurological deterioration (72-hour Glasgow Coma Scale decrease ≥2 or National Instititutes of Health Stroke Scale increase ≥4), hematoma expansion (>33%), and unfavorable outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale score 4–6).

Results—
The median first, second, and third mSBPs were 132, 131, and 137 mm Hg, respectively. A higher first mSBP (odds ratio [OR], 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34–4.69 per 10 mm Hg) or second mSBP (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.20–3.80) was independently associated with neurological deterioration, and a higher second mSBP (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02–2.00) or third mSBP (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.05–2.05) was associated with unfavorable outcome. None of the mSBPs was associated with hematoma expansion.

Conclusions—
The continuation of AHT throughout the initial 24 hours after ICH may improve outcomes.
Absorption Properties of Supercooled Liquid Water between 31 and 225 GHz: Evaluation of Absorption Models Using Ground-Based Observations
Authors: Kneifel Stefan , Redl Stephanie , Orlandi Emiliano , Löhnert Ulrich , Cadeddu Maria P. , Turner David D. , Chen Ming-Tang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMicrowave radiometers (MWR) are commonly used to quantify the amount of supercooled liquid water (SLW) in clouds; however, the accuracy of the SLW retrievals is limited by the poor knowledge of the SLW dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. Six liquid water permittivity models were compared with ground-based MWR observations between 31 and 225 GHz from sites in Greenland, the German Alps, and a low-mountain site; average cloud temperatures of observed thin cloud layers range from 0° to −33°C. A recently published method to derive ratios of liquid water opacity from different frequencies was employed in this analysis. These ratios are independent of liquid water path and equal to the ratio of αL at those frequencies that can be directly compared with the permittivity model predictions. The observed opacity ratios from all sites show highly consistent results that are generally within the range of model predictions; however, none of the models are able to approximate the observations over the entire frequency and temperature range. Findings in earlier published studies were used to select one specific model as a reference model for αL at 90 GHz; together with the observed opacity ratios, the temperature dependence of αL at 31.4, 52.28, 150, and 225 GHz was derived. The results reveal that two models fit the opacity ratio data better than the other four models, with one of the two models fitting the data better for frequencies below 90 GHz and the other for higher frequencies. These findings are relevant for SLW retrievals and radiative transfer in the 31–225-GHz frequency region.
Changing epidemiology of adult fractures in Scotland
Authors: Court-Brown Charles M , Biant Leela , Bugler Kate E , McQueen Margaret M 
Published: January 2014

Background Fracture epidemiology in adults is changing but there is very little information about the rate of change or whether the change affects males and females equally. Methods We have compared fracture incidence in two similar populations 50–60 years apart. A study of fractures in Dundee, Scotland and Oxford, England, in 1954–1958, was compared with a similar cohort of fractures in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 2010–2011. Fracture incidence in patients >35 years was recorded in both time periods. Results The incidence of fractures increased by 50% between the two time periods, although the increase in males was only 5% compared with 85% in females. The spectrum of fractures has changed considerably, and there has been an increase in the incidence of both fragility and non-fragility fractures. Analysis showed an increased incidence of fall-related fractures in all age groups in both males and females. Interpretation There has been a substantial change in the incidence of fractures in the last 50–60 years. These have been caused by greater longevity and by considerable social and economic changes.
Thymectomy by video-assisted thoracoscopy versus open surgical techniques
Authors: Muhammad Magdi Ibrahim Ahmad 
Published: January 2014

Objective This study was conducted to compare operative variables and postoperative outcomes in adult patients with myasthenia gravis undergoing thymectomy through 3 different operative techniques: total median sternotomy, partial median sternotomy, and video-assisted thoracoscopy. Methods 30 patients aged 20–65 years were included in this study. They were subdivided into: group A: 8 patients undergoing thymectomy through a total median sternotomy; group B: 9 patients undergoing thymectomy through a partial median sternotomy; and group C: 13 patients undergoing thymectomy through video-assisted thoracoscopy. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables, and mortality were compared among groups. Results Preoperative variables were well matched in all groups. Operative time was significantly longer in group C. There was no intraoperative complication in any group. Postoperative length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in group C. Postoperative complications occurred in 3 (10%) patients, mostly in groups A and B. There was no perioperative mortality in any group. Conclusions Video-assisted thymectomy is as effective as the traditional open surgical approaches for thymectomy in the management of patients with myasthenia gravis. In addition, the improved cosmesis of the video-assisted approach ideally should lead to earlier thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis.
Double reading rates and quality assurance practices in Norwegian hospital radiology departments: two parallel national surveys
Authors: Lauritzen Peter M , Hurlen Petter , Sandbæk Gunnar , Gulbrandsen Pål 
Published: January 2014

Background Double reading as a quality assurance (QA) tool is employed extensively in Norwegian hospital radiology departments. The practice is resource consuming and regularly debated. Purpose To investigate the rates of double reading in Norwegian hospital radiology departments, to identify department characteristics associated with double reading rates, and to investigate associations between double reading and other quality improvement. Material and Methods We issued two parallel national surveys to management and to consultant radiologists, respectively. Management was defined as the chief medical officer and/or the head of the radiology department. The management survey covered staffing, perceived resource situation, double reading, guidelines, and quality improvement. The radiologist survey served to validate management responses concerning double reading. Management survey items concerning practices of quality improvement were organized into three indices reflecting different quality approaches, namely: appropriateness of investigations; personal performance feedback; and system performance feedback. Results The response rates of the surveys were 100% (45/45) for management and 55% (266/483) for radiologists. Of all exams read by consultants, 33% were double read. The double reading rate was highest in university hospital departments (59%), intermediate in other teaching departments (30%), and lowest in non-teaching departments (11%) ( P = 0.01). Among the quality indices, mean scores were highest on appropriateness index (68%), intermediate on the person index (56%), and lowest on system index (37%). There were no correlations between double reading rates and scores on any of the quality indices. Conclusion The rate of double reading in Norwegian hospital radiology is significantly correlated to department teaching status, but not to other practices of quality work.
Rapid Measurement of Human Milk Macronutrients in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Smilowitz Jennifer T. , Gho Deborah S. , Mirmiran Majid , German J. Bruce , Underwood Mark A. 
Published: January 2014

Background: Although it is well established that human milk varies widely in macronutrient content, it remains common for human milk fortification for premature infants to be based on historic mean values. As a result, those caring for premature infants often underestimate protein intake. Rapid precise measurement of human milk protein, fat, and lactose to allow individualized fortification has been proposed for decades but remains elusive due to technical challenges. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of a Fourier transform (FT) mid-infrared (IR) spectroscope in the neonatal intensive care unit to measure human milk fat, total protein, lactose, and calculated energy compared with standard chemical analyses. Methods: One hundred sixteen breast milk samples across lactation stages from women who delivered at term (n = 69) and preterm (n = 5) were analyzed with the FT mid-IR spectroscope and with standard chemical methods. Ten of the samples were tested in replicate using the FT mid-IR spectroscope to determine repeatability. Results: The agreement between the FT mid-IR spectroscope analysis and reference methods was high for protein and fat and moderate for lactose and energy. The intra-assay coefficients of variation for all outcomes were less than 3%. Conclusion: The FT mid-IR spectroscope demonstrated high accuracy in measurement of total protein and fat of preterm and term milk with high precision.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in disseminated histoplasmosis and advanced HIV infection
Authors: Stevenson James , Taylor Chris 
Published: January 2014

Summary The cause of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is often multifactorial. It is uncommon in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, if the cause of PRES is left untreated it can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, we believe it should be included as a differential in immunosuppressed patients presenting with neurological signs. This case report describes such a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who developed hypocalcaemia secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis.
The formal–informal dichotomy: Revisiting the debate on the agriculture–industry linkage
Authors: Chakrabarti Saumya 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIncorporation of the informal sector in the general Kaleckian framework of agriculture–industry linkage is the primary target of this article. We show that the agriculture–informal sector interaction is distinctly different from the agriculture–formal sector relationship. Although agriculture supports the formal sector only from the supply-side, it helps the informal sector by providing both demand- and supply-side inducements. Next, contrary to the general perception of formal–informal complementarities, we rather propose a fundamental conflict. This conflict arises in the presence of the food supply-constraint or the generic resource-constraint. Subsequently, with these theoretical perspectives, we show that policies that are beneficial for the formal sector, in fact, constrict the informal economy.
State-based output in Australian mental health research
Authors: Batterham Philip J , Christensen Helen , Griffiths Kathleen M 
Published: January 2014

Objective: This study examined differences in the types of mental health research that were conducted in the states and territories of Australia in 2008. Differences in both the disorder focus (e.g. depression, psychosis) and goal or methodology (e.g. epidemiological, biological) of published papers were examined. The structural differences underlying research output were examined by comparing output with funding and research infrastructure. Method: A random sample of 1008 Australian-authored mental health research publications and all 126 competitive mental-health related research grants from 2008 were coded in terms of their state or territory of origin, disorder focus and research goal. Results: Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory had the highest per capita rates of mental health research publications in 2008, while Tasmania and the Northern Territory had less per capita output. Research in New South Wales had greater focus on substance use and anxiety disorders, while Victoria was dominant in research on affective disorders and psychosis. Research in Queensland and Western Australia was broader in scope. Research output was more closely linked with number of successful grants than amount of funding. Conclusions: State and territory support for mental health research may have important implications for research output.
Discovering stigma through recovery teaching
Authors: Gordon Sarah E , Huthwaite Mark A , Short Jacqueline A , Ellis Pete M 
Published: January 2014

Objective: From the perspective of the tutor, course coordinators and a clinical supervisor, we describe and reflect on our observations of innovative service-user led tutorials on recovery that were delivered to final year medical students as part of their psychiatric module. Conclusions: Much to our surprise, and in contrast to observations elsewhere during the module, students openly expressed blatant stigmatising attitudes in the tutorials on recovery, particularly after spending time with inpatient services. More specifically, they were pessimistic about the possibility of recovery and they struggled to accept the service user status of the recovery tutor. This prompted us to reflect on what and how we teach psychiatry.
Stent Salvage of Arteriovenous Fistulas and Grafts
Authors: Ulloa Jesus G. , Kirkpatrick Vincent E. , Wilson Samuel E. , Williams Russell A. 
Published: January 2014

Objectives: This study analyzes our experience using stents to salvage dysfunctional hemodialysis access sites at a single institution. Methods: We examined the outcomes of 42 consecutive patients who had covered (36 patients) or bare-metal (9 patients) stent intervention for hemodialysis access salvage. Results: Of our 42 male patients, 11 had stent salvage of an arteriovenous fistula, which yielded postintervention primary and secondary 6-month patencies of 27% and 55%, respectively. For 31 patients with arteriovenous grafts, the postintervention primary and secondary 6-month patencies were 26% and 29%, respectively. Patency rates were superior for stents placed in patent access sites, in fistulas compared to grafts, and when stents were placed in forearm sites although only the latter achieved statistical significance. Conclusions: Stents can extend patency for the thrombosed or failing arteriovenous access, but results are poor once thrombosis has occurred. Stent placement appears to be more effective in fistulas compared to grafts.
Type A Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Bing Fabrice , Rodière Mathieu , Martinelli Thomas , Monnin-Bares Valérie , Chavanon Olivier , Bach Vincent , Baguet Jean-Philippe , Ferretti Gilbert R. , Thony Frédéric 
Published: January 2014

Purpose: To understand why the false channel (FC) remains patent after surgery of type A acute aortic dissection (TAAAD). Materials and Methods: Postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans of 129 patients operated for TAAAD were analyzed, and a color-Doppler ultrasound examination (CDUS) of the supra-aortic vessels (SAVs) was performed in 12 patients. Results: The FC remained patent in 107 (82.9%) patients. The entry site was situated near the distal anastomosis in 43 (40.2%) patients and far from it in 44 (41.1%) patients. In 10 (9.35%) patients, an entry site was observed only in the SAVs. In 10 (9.35%) patients, no entry site was seen. Of the 12 patients explored with CDUS, a retrograde filling of the FC was observed in 11 patients. Conclusion: The frequent postoperative circulating aortic FC can be explained by the persistence of the primary entry tear, the presence of iatrogenic tears, and/or a retrograde filling in the SAVs.
Distribution of Basement Membrane Molecules, Laminin and Collagen Type IV, in Normal and Degenerated Cartilage Tissues
Authors: Foldager Casper Bindzus , Toh Wei Seong , Gomoll Andreas H. , Olsen Bjørn Reino , Spector Myron 
Published: January 2014

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence and distribution of 2 basement membrane (BM) molecules, laminin and collagen type IV, in healthy and degenerative cartilage tissues. Design: Normal and degenerated tissues were obtained from goats and humans, including articular knee cartilage, the intervertebral disc, and meniscus. Normal tissue was also obtained from patella-tibial enthesis in goats. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using anti-laminin and anti–collagen type IV antibodies. Human and goat skin were used as positive controls. The percentage of cells displaying the pericellular presence of the protein was graded semiquantitatively. Results: When present, laminin and collagen type IV were exclusively found in the pericellular matrix, and in a discrete layer on the articulating surface of normal articular cartilage. In normal articular (hyaline) cartilage in the human and goat, the proteins were found co-localized pericellularly. In contrast, in human osteoarthritic articular cartilage, collagen type IV but not laminin was found in the pericellular region. Nonpathological fibrocartilaginous tissues from the goat, including the menisci and the enthesis, were also positive for both laminin and collagen type IV pericellularly. In degenerated fibrocartilage, including intervertebral disc, as in degenerated hyaline cartilage only collagen type IV was found pericellularly around chondrocytes but with less intense staining than in non-degenerated tissue. In calcified cartilage, some cells were positive for laminin but not type IV collagen. Conclusions: We report differences in expression of the BM molecules, laminin and collagen type IV, in normal and degenerative cartilaginous tissues from adult humans and goats. In degenerative tissues laminin is depleted from the pericellular matrix before collagen type IV. The findings may inform future studies of the processes underlying cartilage degeneration and the functional roles of these 2 extracellular matrix proteins, normally associated with BM.
Lack of association between cathepsin D C224T polymorphism and Alzheimer’s disease risk: an update meta-analysis
Authors: Mo Cuiju , Peng Qiliu , Sui Jingzhe , Wang Jian , Deng Yan , Xie Li , Li Taijie , He Yu , Qin Xue , Li Shan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Cathepsin D C224T polymorphism has been reported to associate with AD susceptibility. But the results were inconsistent. This study aimed to assess the relationship between C224T polymorphism and AD risk.

Methods
The relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Wan fang electronic databases updated on July 2013. The relationship between Cathepsin D C224T polymorphism and AD risk was evaluated by ORs and 95% CIs.

Results
A total of 25 case-control studies including 5,602 cases and 11,049 controls were included in the meta-analysis. There was no association between C224T polymorphism and AD risk with all the studies were pooled in the meta-analysis (CT vs. CC: OR = 1.125, 95% CI = 0.974-1.299, P = 0.109; CT + TT vs. CC: OR = 1.136, 95% CI = 0.978-1.320, P = 0.094). Furthermore, when stratified by ethnicity, age of onset and APOEϵ4 status, significant association did not found in all subgroups.

Conclusion
The present meta-analysis suggested that the Cathepsin D C224T polymorphism was not associated with AD susceptibility.
Is [F-18]-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography of value in the management of patients with craniofacial bone sarcomas undergoing neo-adjuvant treatment?
Authors: Frezza Anna Maria , Beale Tim , Bomanji Jamshed , Jay Amrita , Kalavrezos Nicholas , Dileo Palma , Whelan Jeremy , Strauss Sandra J 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
We evaluated the role of 18FDG PET/CT used to assess response to preoperative chemotherapy in patients with primary craniofacial bone sarcomas.

Methods
Fourteen patients with craniofacial bone sarcomas (13 osteosarcoma, 1 spindle cell sarcoma) were retrospectively evaluated. All patients received up to 6 cycles of preoperative chemotherapy followed by resection of the primary tumour. Response to treatment was assessed using MRI (RECIST criteria) and 18FDG PET/CT (EORTC guidelines), performed at least at baseline, after 2-4 cycles and pre-operatively.

Results
The median baseline 18FDG PET/CT SUV was 10.2 (range 0-41); in 2 patients no uptake was detected. The preoperative 18FDG PET/CT, compared with the baseline, demonstrated a partial metabolic response in 7 patients (59%), complete metabolic response in 2 (16%) and stable metabolic disease in 3 (25%). In contrast, only two patients achieved a RECIST response on MRI: 10 (83%) had stable disease. One patient underwent early resection due to clinical progression after an initial response to treatment. This was confirmed by PET (SUV from 21 to 42) but not on MRI. Twelve of 14 patients (86%) had <90% histological necrosis in the resected tumour. At a median follow-up 23 months, 11 patients (79%) remain disease free, two had metastatic progression (14%) and 1 a local relapse (7%). The median DFS was 17 months. For those patients who achieved a response to preoperative 18FDG PET/CT the median DFS was 19 months (range: 1-66) compared with 3 months (range: 3-13) in those who did not (p = 0.01). In contrast, the median disease free survival (DFS) did not differ according to histological response (19 versus 17 months, >90% versus <90% necrosis, p = 0.45) or resection margins (19 months for R0 versus 18 months for R1, p = 0.2).

Conclusion

18FDG PET/CT is more reliable than standard imaging in evaluating response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in craniofacial bone sarcomas, changed management in one patient, and in this small series, correlated better with patient outcome than histological response and resection margins. These results warrant prospective validation in a larger cohort of patients.