bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grouted connections for offshore wind turbine structures
Authors: Fehling Ekkehard , Leutbecher Torsten , Schmidt Michael , Ismail Mohammed 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn many cases, the design checks of grouted connections follow international standards which contain analytical design equations. In order to also obey mechanical consistency especially for structures with significant bending moment and to satisfy basic requirements according to the Eurocodes, different mechanical models have been used in practice in a number of cases. In this regard, non‐linear finite element models as well as analysis with strut and tie models have been applied. Findings from these calculations as well as from experimental investigations on both the material and the structural level are analysed and compared. In conclusion, an improved design approach based on a strut model which is easy to handle is presented and exemplified.
Has the World Really Survived the Population Bomb? (Commentary on “How the World Survived the Population Bomb: Lessons From 50 Years of Extraordinary Demographic History”)
Authors: Becker Stan 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In his PAA presidential address and corresponding article in Demography, David Lam (Demography 48:1231–1262, 2011) documented the extraordinary progress of humankind—vis-à-vis poverty alleviation, increased schooling, and reductions in mortality and fertility—since 1960 and noted that he expects further improvements by 2050. However, although Lam briefly covered the problems of global warming and pollution, he did not address several other major environmental problems that are closely related to the rapid human population growth in recent decades and to the progress he described. This commentary highlights some of these problems to provide a more balanced perspective on the situation of the world. Specifically, humans currently are using resources at an unsustainable level. Groundwater depletion and overuse of river water are major problems on multiple continents. Fossil fuel resources and several minerals are being depleted. Other major problems include deforestation, with the annual forest clearing globally estimated to be an area the size of New York State; and species extinction, with rates estimated to be 100 to 1,000 times higher than background rates. Principles of ecological economics are presented that allow an integration of ecology and economic development and better potential for preservation of the world for future generations.
The enzyme carbonic anhydrase as an integral component of biogenic Ca‐carbonate formation in sponge spicules
Authors: Müller Werner E.G. , Schröder Heinz C. , Schlossmacher Ute , Neufurth Meik , Geurtsen Werner , Korzhev Michael , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: August 2013

The inorganic scaffold of the spicules, the skeletal elements of the calcareous sponges, is formed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The growth of the approximately 300‐μm large spicules, such as those of the calcareous sponge Sycon raphanus used in the present study, is a rapid process with a rate of about 65 μm/h. The formation of CaCO3 is predominantly carried out by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). The enzyme from the sponge S. raphanus was isolated and prepared by recombination. The CA‐driven deposition of CaCO3 crystallites is dependent on temperature (optimal at 52 °C), the pH value of the reaction assay (7.5/8.0), and the substrate concentration (CO2 and Ca2+). During the initial phase of crystallite formation, ≈40 μm large round‐shaped deposits are formed that remodel to larger prisms. These crystal‐like prisms associate to each other and form either rope‐/bundle‐like aggregates or arrange perfectly with their smaller planes along opposing surfaces of the sponge spicule rays. The CA‐dependent CaCO3 deposition can be inhibited by the CA‐specific inhibitor acetazolamide. The Michaelis–Menten constant for the CA‐driven mineralization has been determined to be around 8 mM with respect to CaCO3. The deposits formed have a Martens hardness of ≈5 GPa. The data presented here highlights for the first time that calcite deposition in the sponge system is decisively controlled enzymatically. This data will contribute to the development of new strategies applicable for the fabrication of novel biomaterials.
THE FIXED POINT PROPERTY IN DIRECT SUMS AND MODULUS
Authors: WIŚNICKI ANDRZEJ 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe show that the direct sum $\mathop{({X}_{1} \oplus \cdots \oplus {X}_{r} )}\nolimits_{\psi } $ with a strictly monotone norm has the weak fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings whenever $M({X}_{i} )\gt 1$ for each $i= 1, \ldots , r$. In particular, $\mathop{({X}_{1} \oplus \cdots \oplus {X}_{r} )}\nolimits_{\psi } $ enjoys the fixed point property if Banach spaces ${X}_{i} $ are uniformly nonsquare. This combined with the earlier results gives a definitive answer for $r= 2$: a direct sum ${X}_{1} {\mathop{\oplus }\nolimits}_{\psi } {X}_{2} $ of uniformly nonsquare spaces with any monotone norm has the fixed point property. Our results are extended to asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in the intermediate sense.
A horizontally polarizing liquid trap enhances the tabanid-capturing efficiency of the classic canopy trap
Authors: Egri Á. , Blahó M. , Száz D. , Kriska G. , Majer J. , Herczeg T. , Gyurkovszky M. , Farkas R. , Horváth G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHost-seeking female tabanid flies, that need mammalian blood for the development of their eggs, can be captured by the classic canopy trap with an elevated shiny black sphere as a luring visual target. The design of more efficient tabanid traps is important for stock-breeders to control tabanids, since these blood-sucking insects can cause severe problems for livestock, especially for horse- and cattle-keepers: reduced meat/milk production in cattle farms, horses cannot be ridden, decreased quality of hides due to biting scars. We show here that male and female tabanids can be caught by a novel, weather-proof liquid-filled black tray laid on the ground, because the strongly and horizontally polarized light reflected from the black liquid surface attracts water-seeking polarotactic tabanids. We performed field experiments to reveal the ideal elevation of the liquid trap and to compare the tabanid-capturing efficiency of three different traps: (1) the classic canopy trap, (2) the new polarization liquid trap, and (3) the combination of the two traps. In field tests, we showed that the combined trap captures 2.4–8.2 times more tabanids than the canopy trap alone. The reason for the larger efficiency of the combined trap is that it captures simultaneously the host-seeking female and the water-seeking male and female tabanids. We suggest supplementing the traditional canopy trap with the new liquid trap in order to enhance the tabanid-capturing efficiency.
WOMEN'S KNOWLEDGE OF ABORTION LAW AND AVAILABILITY OF SERVICES IN NEPAL
Authors: THAPA SHYAM , SHARMA SHARAD K. , KHATIWADA NARESH 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThis paper assesses women's awareness of the liberalization of abortion law and their knowledge of a place for obtaining abortion services in Nepal. The data are from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. The results are compared with data from a similar survey conducted in 2006. Variations in the two measures among several population sub-groups are analysed by performing logistic regression. Among women aged 15–44, 38.7% (CI: 37.8, 39.6) were aware of the legal status of abortion and 59.8% (CI: 58.9, 60.7) knew of a place to have an abortion. The percentages of both measures varied considerably by various population sub-groups. Over a 5-year period, knowledge of the legality of abortion increased by 6.4 percentage points, and awareness of service delivery sites increased by 3.3 percentage points. The increases in both measures were, however, largely limited to higher wealth quintiles and those with higher educational attainment. The results suggest the need to intensify efforts to educate women in Nepal, particularly the most disadvantaged women, about abortion law, including the conditions under which abortion is permitted, and where to access safe abortion services.
Success rates of endoscopic-assisted probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children
Authors: Theodoropoulou S , Sutherland M S M , Haddow K , Blaikie A 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:To determine the success rate of initial probing in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction at different ages, using nasal endoscopy.Methods:Fifty eyes of 38 consecutive children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction underwent endoscopic nasolacrimal duct probing under general anaesthesia. Patients were followed up for at least three months. Probing success was defined as complete remission of symptoms and a normal fluorescein dye disappearance test result.Results:The age range of patients was 17–109 months. The success rates of probing were: 100 per cent (29 out of 29) for cases of stenosis at the lower nasolacrimal duct, 100 per cent (7 out of 7) for functional epiphora cases and 92.86 per cent (13 out of 14) for nasolacrimal atresia cases. Overall, there was only one child for whom the probing treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction was not successful; this child had Down's syndrome and a more complex developmental abnormality of the nasolacrimal duct. Age and site of obstruction were not found to significantly affect the outcome of probing.Conclusion:Probing of the nasolacrimal system using an endoscopic approach allows direct visualisation of the nasolacrimal duct. This can facilitate diagnosis of the anomaly and significantly increase the procedure success rate.
Encountering Romanitas: Characterising the Role of Agricultural Communities in Roman Britain
Authors: Taylor Jeremy 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThere has been a hesitancy in academic discussion of Roman Britain to address the potential significance of the identity and agency of rural communities in shaping the provincial landscape. This article seeks to address the reasons for this before delineating some avenues by which we might better investigate this issue. Through two case studies the importance of kinship, agricultural peers and occupational identity (being farmers) are recognised as potential drivers for the course of rural life in Roman Britain. In so doing the extent to which ‘being Roman’ was really a central concern of many agricultural communities is questioned.
Whitley Castle, Northumberland: An Analytical Survey of the Fort and its Setting
Authors: Went David , Ainsworth Stewart 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAnalytical earthwork and geophysical surveys have advanced our understanding of the lozenge-shaped Roman fort at Whitley Castle (Northumberland), which is notable for the exceptional depth of its outer defences. Built at a higher altitude than any other fort in England, it was almost certainly positioned to control the production and shipment of lead and silver from the Alston ore-fields. Its curious shape, tailored to that of the natural knoll, necessitated some adjustment of a standard fort plan, but accommodated six buildings to the rear of the central range and four to the front. An extramural settlement and terraced fields have been recorded to the west and north, and a swathe of ground to the south may have provided space for a parade ground. Post-Roman activity is evident from the cultivation and settlement remains that override the defences; two bastle-like buildings and an eighteenth-century farmhouse once stood within the fort itself.
Effects of focus and definiteness on children's word order: evidence from German five-year-olds' reproductions of double object constructions
Authors: HÖHLE BARBARA , HÖRNIG ROBIN , WESKOTT THOMAS , KNAUF SELENE , KRÜGER AGNES 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTTwo experiments tested how faithfully German children aged 4 ;5 to 5 ;6 reproduce ditransitive sentences that are unmarked or marked with respect to word order and focus (Exp1) or definiteness (Exp2). Adopting an optimality theory (OT) approach, it is assumed that in the German adult grammar word order is ranked lower than focus and definiteness. Faithfulness of children's reproductions decreased as markedness of inputs increased; unmarked structures were reproduced most faithfully and unfaithful outputs had most often an unmarked form. Consistent with the OT proposal, children were more tolerant against inputs marked for word order than for focus; in conflict with the proposal, children were less tolerant against inputs marked for word order than for definiteness. Our results suggest that the linearization of objects in German double object constructions is affected by focus and definiteness, but that prosodic principles may have an impact on the position of a focused constituent.
Trends in paediatric, neonatal, and adult cardiology publications over the past 10 years
Authors: Menahem Samuel , Fink Daniel , Mimouni Francis B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:Medline classifies publications as clinical trials, randomised control trials, meta-analyses, practice guidelines, reviews, case reports, editorials, and letters. We tested the hypothesis that cardiology-related publications have increased with a shift in the type of publications over the past 10 years by age category.Methods:To retrieve from Medline the cardiology articles, we used the keyword “heart disease”, but limited the search to articles in English from 2000 to 2009. We repeated the search using one limit according to the publication type and using age tags. We used regression analysis to determine the effect of the year of publication on the number of publications of each type.Results:During the 10-year period, Medline registered 152,849 cardiology articles, doubling from 10,452 in 2000 to 20,841 in 2009, of which 8.5% were tagged as both paediatric and adult. There was a linear increase in the number over the study period in the total number of publications and in all categories, except for practice guidelines. There was almost a twofold increase in adult and neonatal articles, but ∼70% in paediatric articles. The rate of increase was 66% for randomised control trials, 73% for clinical trials, 124% for meta-analyses, 117% for editorials, 36% for reviews, and 103% for case reports. Practice guidelines remained very low, increasing significantly for paediatric and neonatal articles.Conclusions:There was a substantial increase in cardiology articles over the past 10 years, being greater for adult and neonatal articles compared with paediatric articles. The increase varied according to the type of article.
Psychosocial risk in families of infants undergoing surgery for a serious congenital heart disease
Authors: Hearps Simone J. , McCarthy Maria C. , Muscara Frank , Hearps Stephen J. C. , Burke Kylie , Jones Bryn , Anderson Vicki A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to explore the acute psychosocial risk in families with infants undergoing surgery for a congenital heart disease and, secondarily, to explore the psychosocial impact of antenatal versus post-natal diagnoses.Method:The study sample comprised 39 caregivers (28 mothers) of 29 children diagnosed with a congenital heart disease and requiring surgery within the first 4 weeks of life. Psychosocial risk was measured using the Psychosocial Assessment Tool, which was adapted to include four novel items examining infant risk factors, namely, sleeping, feeding, crying, and bonding difficulties. Parents’ psychosocial risk was measured within 4 weeks after their child's surgery and stratified into a three-tiered framework: Universal, Targeted, and Clinical risk.Results:Of the total sample, 61.5% of parents were classified as Universal, that is, at lowest risk; 35.9% as Targeted, and 2.6% as Clinical. The within-family parent total Psychosocial Assessment Tool score correlations were non-significant, and there were no differences between families of infants who received post-natal versus antenatal diagnosis or single ventricle versus biventricular repair. Linear regression found that a higher parent education significantly predicted a lower total Psychosocial Assessment Tool score.Conclusions:Findings indicate that, although the majority of parents adapt to the acute stress of surgery for a serious cardiac illness in their infant, the remaining 38.5% report an increased psychosocial risk associated with higher rates of emotional distress, which may impact on the parental quality of life and capacity for optimal parenting. The distribution of psychosocial risk in parents of children undergoing surgery for a congenital heart disease is consistent with that described for parents of children with other serious paediatric diagnoses.
Atrioventricular septal defect in a case of Shwachman–Diamond syndrome
Authors: Le Gloan Laurianne , Blin Nicolas , Langlard Jean-Marc 
Published: August 2013

AbstractShwachman–Diamond syndrome is an inherited bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition syndrome that affects multiple organ systems, including bone, pancreas, and, to a lesser extent, the heart. Myocardial fibrosis, necrosis, and a case of dilated cardiomyopathy have, so far, been described. We report the first case of atrioventricular septal defect in a patient with Shwachman–Diamond syndrome.
Behavioural effects of directive cues on front-of-package nutrition information: the combination matters!
Authors: Koenigstorfer Joerg , Wąsowicz-Kiryło Grażyna , Styśko-Kunkowska Małgorzata , Groeppel-Klein Andrea 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveNutrition information aims to reduce information asymmetries between manufacturers and consumers. To date, however, it remains unclear how nutrition information that is shown on the front of the packaging should be designed in order to increase both visual attention and the tendency to make healthful food choices. The present study aimed to address this gap in research.DesignAn experimental laboratory study applying mobile eye-tracking technology manipulated the presence of two directive cues, i.e. health marks and traffic light colour-coding, as part of front-of-package nutrition information on actual food packages.SettingParticipants wore mobile eye-tracking glasses during a simulated shopping trip. After the ostensible study had finished, they chose one snack (from an assortment of fifteen snacks) as a thank you for participation. All products were labelled with nutrition information according to the experimental condition.SubjectsConsumers (n 160) who were mainly responsible for grocery shopping in their household participated in the study.ResultsThe results showed that, in the absence of traffic light colouring, health marks reduced attention to the snack food packaging. This effect did not occur when the colouring was present. The combination of the two directive cues (v. presenting traffic light colours only) made consumers choose more healthful snacks, according to the nutrient profile.ConclusionsPublic policy makers may recommend retailers and manufacturers implement consistent front-of-pack nutrition labelling that contains both health marks and traffic light colouring as directive cues. The combination of the cues may increase the likelihood of healthful decision making.
SSR-based and carotenoid diversity assessment of tropical yellow endosperm maize inbred lines
Authors: Adeyemo Oyenike , Omidiji Olusesan 
Published: August 2013

Yellow endosperm maize can be used to reduce vitamin A deficiency among many pre-school children and women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa. Assessment of the genetic diversity of tropical yellow endosperm maize inbred lines will have genetic gains in breeding design to develop lines with an enhanced level of provitamin A. We screened 122 tropical yellow endosperm maize inbred lines with 62 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 51 SSR loci were polymorphic. We detected 190 alleles with an average of 3.72 alleles per locus, and polymorphic information content values among the inbred lines varied from 0.12 to 0.74 with an average of 0.43. Genetic distance (GD) values among all the pairs of the 122 inbred lines varied from 0.02 to 0.61 with an average of 0.41 for the SSR markers. The inbred lines exhibited a substantial level of genetic diversity. Genetic diversity was also evaluated using carotenoid data. The Euclidean GDs varied from 1.00 to 9.97 with an average of 3.81 for the carotenoid data. Cluster and principal coordinate analyses revealed clear separation of maize inbred lines into SSR-based groupings and carotenoid-based groupings. Cluster based on SSR markers were predominantly consistent with known pedigree data of the inbred lines. The correlation using Mantel's test between carotenoid-based GD estimates and SSR marker-based GD estimates gave a low r value ( − 0.06). The grouping of lines will facilitate the selection of parental lines for making crosses to develop new lines with enhanced provitamin A content.
An exploratory study of competencies required to co‐create memorable customer experiences in the hospitality industry
Authors: Bharwani Sonia , Jauhari Vinnie 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify and map competencies required by frontline employees to enhance guest experience in the hospitality industry, in the context of an emerging experience economy.Design/methodology/approachSecondary research through extensive review of relevant literature in the area of experience economy and hospitality management.FindingsThis study proposes a new construct of “Hospitality Intelligence” (HI) encompassing mainly Emotional Intelligence (comprising Interpersonal Intelligence and Intrapersonal Intelligence), Cultural Intelligence and Hospitality Experiential Intelligence dimensions.Practical implicationsPractitioners and HR professionals in the field of hospitality would find the Hospitality Intelligence construct useful in recruiting and training frontline employees, while educationists could use the findings of this study in designing curricula and pedagogical interventions for developing the right skill set for the hospitality industry.Originality/valueThis study proposes a competencies framework and develops a construct of Hospitality Intelligence required by frontline employees in the hospitality industry to elevate guest experience from a simple interaction to a memorable experience.