bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From end user to provider: making sense of becoming a peer support worker using interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Dyble Gemma , Tickle Anna , Collinson Christine 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– There has been extensive growth in the employment of mental health peer support workers (PSWs) over the last decade. However, limited research exists when exploring how PSWs make sense of the transition of entering and enacting the role. The purpose of this paper is to explore the lived experience of NHS employed PSWs’ transition from their own experiences of mental health problems to provide a service to support individuals with their mental health problems.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study used purposive sampling to recruit seven participants who were individually interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).

Findings
– Three superordinate themes were identified: fluctuating identities, PSW role and organisational culture. These were interpreted as interdependent with interrelating subordinate themes.

Research limitations/implications
– Participants considered the complex, idiosyncratic and changeable nature of the transitions and the impact on their individual, interpersonal and collective identities. Emotional and practical support appeared to assist the transition whilst competing roles and blurred boundaries constrained the enactment of the new role. Implications for practice and research are provided.

Originality/value
– Reports on original research and adds to the sparse UK literature in this area.
Why does relative deprivation affect mental health? The role of justice, trust and social rank in psychological wellbeing and paranoid ideation
Authors: Wickham Sophie , Shryane Nick , Lyons Minna , Dickins Thomas , Bentall Richard 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– Relative deprivation is associated with poor mental health but the mechanisms responsible have rarely been studied. The purpose of this paper is to hypothesize that childhood perceived relative deprivation (PRD) would be linked to sub-syndromal psychotic symptoms and poor wellbeing via beliefs about justice, trust and social rank.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 683 undergraduate students were administered measures of childhood PRD, hallucination-proneness, paranoia and wellbeing and measures of trust, social rank and beliefs about justice. A subsample supplied childhood address data. Multiple mediation analysis was used to assess pathways from childhood experiences to outcomes.

Findings
– Childhood PRD was associated with all three outcomes. The relationship between PRD and paranoia was fully mediated by perceptions that the world is unjust for the self and low social rank. The same variables mediated the relationship between PRD and poor wellbeing. There were no significant mediators of the relationship between PRD and hallucination-proneness.

Research limitations/implications
– Although our outcome measures have been validated with student samples, it may not be representative. The study is cross-sectional with a retrospective measure of PRD, although similar results were found using childhood addresses to infer objective deprivation. Further studies are required using prospective measures and patient samples.

Social implications
– Social circumstances that promote feelings of low social worth and injustice may confer risk of poor psychological outcome. Ameliorating these circumstances may improve population mental health.

Originality/value
– Improvements in public mental health will require an understanding of the mechanisms linking adversity to poor outcomes. This paper explores some probable mechanisms which have hitherto been neglected.
Treatment of facial telangiectasia with a small spot of intense pulsed light: A case series of three patients
Authors: Tsunoda Kanako , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Ogino Noriko , Yoshida Aki , Akasaka Toshihide 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntense pulsed light (IPL) technology has long been used in the treatment of facial telangiectasia. While the large spot size of traditional IPL devices offers rapid coverage, it has limitations in terms of visibility and uniform contact with the skin in contoured areas of the face. The novel IPL used in this study had a small spot size (6.35 mm) and shorter wavelength (500–635 nm), allowing the use of high fluence without burning the normal epidermal tissue surrounding the lesion, thus providing better efficacy. Treatment of facial telangiectasia using small‐spot IPL is effective with a low risk of dermatological damage, and its uses for medical care are expected to diversify.
Study of the usefulness of moisturizers on adherence of acne patients treated with adapalene
Authors: Hayashi Nobukazu , Kawashima Makoto 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe efficacy of adapalene for acne treatment has been established. However, because of local adverse reactions, a fair number of patients discontinue adapalene treatment before experiencing its effects. To examine the usefulness of moisturizers concomitant with adapalene on adherence to treatment and its therapeutic effects in patients, 100 patients with mild to severe acne vulgaris were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group A, in which patients received adapalene in combination with a moisturizer (heparinoid); or group B, in which treatment consisted of adapalene alone and was converted to combination therapy with a moisturizer if local adverse reactions occurred that made adherence to treatment difficult. After 4 weeks of treatment, we compared the proportion of patients who adhered to therapy until the end of week 4, the number of treatment dropouts, and changes in the number of inflammatory eruptions and comedones between the groups. All of the patients in group A and 70% in group B continued the initial therapy until the end of week 4. In group B, three patients withdrew their consent and one patient stopped attending follow‐up visits. The treatment period with the initial therapy was significantly elongated by the concomitant use of a moisturizer. No adverse effect of the use of a moisturizer was observed on the number of comedones and inflammatory eruptions. The concomitant use of a moisturizer with adapalene from the beginning of treatment did not affect its therapeutic effects and helped to improve adherence to treatment with adapalene.
Inhibition of budding/release of porcine endogenous retrovirus
Authors: Abe Masumi , Fukuma Aiko , Yoshikawa Rokusuke , Miyazawa Takayuki , Yasuda Jiro 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPERV is integrated into the genome of all pigs. PERV‐A and PERV‐B are polytropic and can productively infect human cell lines, whereas PERV‐C is ecotropic. Recombinant PERV‐A/C can infect human cells and exhibits high titer replication. Therefore, use of pigs for human xenotransplantation raises concerns about the risks of transfer of this infectious agent from donors to xenotransplantation recipients. To establish strategies to inhibit PERV production from cells, in the present study, we investigated the mechanism of PERV budding and anti‐PERV activity of Tetherin/BST‐2. The results showed that DN mutants of WWP‐2, Tsg101, and Vps4A/B markedly reduced PERV production in human and porcine cell lines, suggesting that PERV budding uses these cellular factors and the cellular MVB sorting pathway as well as many other retroviruses. Moreover, PERV production was also reduced by human and porcine Tetherin/BST‐2. These data are useful for developing strategies to inhibit PERV production and may reduce the risk of PERV infection in xenotransplantation.
Promotion of an autonomy‐supportive parental style in a multi‐family group for eating‐disordered adolescents
Authors: Depestele Lies , Claes Laurence , Lemmens Gilbert M. D. 
Published: June 2014

A multi‐family group intervention has been developed in a group‐oriented inpatient treatment programme for eating‐disordered adolescents. In the inpatient unit the opportunity for patients to have autonomy and sense of choice concerning the treatment are structurally embedded. Consequently, the multi‐family group promotes an autonomy‐supportive parental style. This article reports on the therapeutic model of the group and its consequences for the role of the parents in the treatment of eating disorders. The process of the multi‐family format treatment is also explained and clinical vignettes given to illustrate the different therapeutic techniques. Finally, the benefits and limitations of the multi‐family group are discussed.Practitioner points
A multi‐family group offers an excellent therapeutic context for changing role exercises, family sculpting and goldfish bowl discussions.
Multi‐family groups primarily make use of the resources of the different families and their discussions.
Parents may experiment with autonomy‐supportive parental behaviour in multi‐family groups.
Therapists play a more peripheral and less central role in multi‐family groups than in single family therapy.
Use of hormonal contraceptives among immigrant and native women in Norway: data from the Norwegian Prescription Database
Authors: Omland G , Ruths S , Diaz E 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the use of hormonal contraceptives among immigrant and native women in Norway.DesignNationwide registry‐based study based on merged data from the Norwegian Prescription Database, the Norwegian Population Registry, the Regular General Practitioner Database and the Medical Birth Registry.SettingNorway.SampleAll women born abroad to two foreign‐born parents (immigrants), or born in Norway to two Norwegian‐born parents (natives) aged 16–45 years, who lived in Norway in 2008.MethodsData on all collected supplies of hormonal contraceptives in 2008 were merged with demographic, socio‐economic and immigration data, information on any delivery and women's general practitioners.Main outcome measuresUser rates of hormonal contraception and predictors of contraceptive use.ResultsA total of 893 073 women were included, of whom 130 080 were immigrants. More native women (38%) used hormonal contraceptives compared with all immigrant groups (15–24%). The odds ratios for any use of hormonal contraceptives for immigrants compared with Norwegian‐born women were; Nordic countries 0.53, South and Central America 0.53, Western countries 0.39, Asia 0.30, Eastern Europe 0.29, Africa 0.29. Work, education, long stay in Norway and young age of immigration predicted the use of hormonal contraceptives among immigrants.ConclusionsThe use of hormonal contraceptives varies between natives and immigrant groups. Further work is needed to ascertain whether these differences can be explained by higher desires for fertility, preferential use of non‐hormonal contraceptives or other reasons identified through qualitative research.
Toward a General Ontology for Digital Forensic Disciplines
Authors: Karie Nickson M. , Venter Hein S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOntologies are widely used in different disciplines as a technique for representing and reasoning about domain knowledge. However, despite the widespread ontology‐related research activities and applications in different disciplines, the development of ontologies and ontology research activities is still wanting in digital forensics. This paper therefore presents the case for establishing an ontology for digital forensic disciplines. Such an ontology would enable better categorization of the digital forensic disciplines, as well as assist in the development of methodologies and specifications that can offer direction in different areas of digital forensics. This includes such areas as professional specialization, certifications, development of digital forensic tools, curricula, and educational materials. In addition, the ontology presented in this paper can be used, for example, to better organize the digital forensic domain knowledge and explicitly describe the discipline's semantics in a common way. Finally, this paper is meant to spark discussions and further research on an internationally agreed ontological distinction of the digital forensic disciplines. Digital forensic disciplines ontology is a novel approach toward organizing the digital forensic domain knowledge and constitutes the main contribution of this paper.
Review article: Emergency department data sharing to reduce alcohol‐related violence: A systematic review of the feasibility and effectiveness of community‐level interventions
Authors: Droste Nicolas , Miller Peter , Baker Tim 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe present paper aims to review current evidence for the effectiveness and/or feasibility of using inter‐agency data sharing of ED recorded assault information to direct interventions reducing alcohol‐related or nightlife assaults, injury or violence. Potential data‐sharing partners involve police, local council, liquor licensing regulators and venue management. A systematic review of the peer‐reviewed literature was conducted. The initial search discovered 19 506 articles. After removal of duplicates and articles not meeting review criteria, n = 8 articles were included in quantitative and narrative synthesis. Seven of eight studies were conducted in UK EDs, with the remaining study presenting Australian data. All studies included in the review deemed data sharing a worthwhile pursuit. All studies attempting to measure intervention effectiveness reported substantial reductions of assaults and ED attendances post‐intervention, with one reporting no change. Negative logistic feasibility concerns were minimal, with general consensus among authors being that data‐sharing protocols and partnerships could be easily implemented into modern ED triage systems, with minimal cost, staff workload burden, impact to patient safety, service and anonymity, or risk of harm displacement to other licensed venues, or increase to length of patient stay. However, one study reported a potential harm displacement effect to streets surrounding intervention venues. In future, data‐sharing systems should triangulate ED, police and ambulance data sources, and assess intervention effectiveness using randomised controlled trials that account for variations in venue capacity, fluctuations in ED attendance and population levels, seasonal variations in assault and injury, and control for concurrent interventions.
MT‐7716, a potent NOP receptor agonist, preferentially reduces ethanol seeking and reinforcement in post‐dependent rats
Authors: de Guglielmo Giordano , Martin‐Fardon Rémi , Teshima Koji , Ciccocioppo Roberto , Weiss Friedbert 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDysregulation of the nociceptin (N/OFQ) system has been implicated in alcohol abuse and alcoholism, and growing evidence suggests that targeting this system may be beneficial for treating alcoholism. To further explore the treatment target potential of the N/OFQ system, the novel non‐peptide, small‐molecule N/OFQ (NOP) agonist MT‐7716, (R)‐2‐{3‐[1‐(Acenaphthen‐1‐yl)piperidin‐4‐yl]‐2‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzimidazol‐1‐yl}‐N‐methylacetamide hydrochloride hydrate, was examined for its effects on ethanol self‐administration and stress‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in non‐dependent and post‐dependent rats. Male Wistar rats were trained to self‐administer ethanol and then made ethanol dependent via repeated intragastric ethanol intubation. The effects of MT‐7716 (0.3 and 1 mg/kg; PO) on alcohol self‐administration were determined 2 weeks following dependence induction, when baseline self‐administration was restored. Effects of MT‐7716 on stress‐induced reinstatement were tested in separate cohorts of rats, 1 and 3 weeks post‐withdrawal. MT‐7716 reduced alcohol self‐administration and stress‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in post‐dependent rats, but was ineffective in non‐dependent animals. Moreover, the prevention of stress‐induced reinstatement by MT‐7716 was more pronounced at 3 weeks post‐dependence. The results further confirm treatment target potential for the NOP receptor and identify non‐peptide NOP agonists as promising potential treatment drugs for alcohol abuse and relapse prevention. The findings also support dysregulation of the N/OFQ system as a factor in alcohol seeking and reinforcement.
Optical correction of aphakia following unilateral infantile cataract removal
Authors: Li Qian , Fu Te , Li Zhong‐En , Bi Hong‐Sheng , Wang Xing‐Rong , Dong Min , Xin Tian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeTo compare primary intra‐ocular lens (IOL) implantation with use of press‐on spherical lens for aphakia correction following unilateral infantile cataract removal.MethodsSixty infants with a unilateral cataract underwent cataract surgery and were randomly assigned to the IOL (A group) or no IOL group (B group). Residual refractive error was corrected with spectacles in the A group and a press‐on spherical lens was used to treat aphakia in the B group. Grating visual acuity (VA) was measured and patients were followed for up to 1 year.ResultsLogMAR VA in the operated eyes of both groups was significantly better 1 year than 1 month after surgery. Mean logMAR VA difference between 1 year and 1 month after surgery was higher in the A group (0.457 ± 0.110) than in the B group (0.323 ± 0.114, p < 0.0001). Serious inflammation occurred significantly more often in the A group than in the B group (p = 0.007). Visual axis opacity occurred more often in the A group than in the B group (pupillary membrane: A: six eyes, 20%, B: none, p = 0.024; lens reproliferation: A: 10 eyes, 33%, B: two eyes, 7%, p = 0.021). Glaucoma occurred equally in both groups (p = 0.612). No other complications occurred.ConclusionsPrimary IOL implantation appears to be a relatively safe, effective optical correction strategy following unilateral cataract extraction in this age group. Patients for whom an IOL is not suitable can be treated with a press‐on spherical lens for optical correction.
Retinal pigment epithelium cells alter the pro‐inflammatory response of retinal microglia to TLR‐3 stimulation
Authors: Klettner Alexa , Hamann Timothy , Schlüter Karen , Lucius Ralph , Roider Johann 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeMicroglia are the local cells of the innate immunity in the retina. Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 3 is a receptor of the innate immune system, recognizing viral double‐stranded RNA. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells express TLR‐3 and react to TLR‐3 stimulation. In this study, we investigated the effect of TLR‐3‐activated RPE on microglia.MethodsPrimary porcine RPE cells were prepared from freshly prepared pigs' eyes. Retinal microglia were prepared from porcine retina. Expression of the microglia marker Iba1 was evaluated using immunocytochemistry. RPE cells were treated with polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C; 100 ng/ml, 1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml) for 24 hr. Either the supernatant was applied to microglia for 6 or 24 hr or microglia cells were directly treated with Poly I:C for 6 and 24 hr. Expression of interleukin (IL)‐1ß, IL‐6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α, IL‐10, Cox2 and iNOS was evaluated in quantitative PCR. Phagocytosis was evaluated with a microscope‐based and a fluoroscan‐based phagocytosis assay.ResultsRetinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells induce the expression of IL‐6, IL‐1ß and IL‐10 in microglia cells. Microglia cells respond to Poly I:C stimulation in a concentration‐dependent manner with the induction of IL‐1ß, IL‐6, TNFα, Cox2, iNOS and, to a lesser degree, IL‐10. Stimulation of microglia cells with supernatant of Poly I:C‐treated RPE cells further elevated IL‐6, IL‐1ß and Cox2 expression, while it reduced the expression of iNOS. No changes in phagocytosis could be detected.ConclusionsTLR‐3‐activated RPE exacerbates inflammatory response of microglia in a differentiated manner. This indicates that viral infections in the RPE may have a proinflammatory influence on retinal microglia.
Cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with depression among Korean adults with coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease
Authors: So Eun Sun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the cardiovascular risk factors associated with depression among Korean adults with coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease (CBVD).MethodsA total of 487 coronary artery disease and 434 cerebrovascular disease subjects from the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed according to sex using multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of depression was 21.7% in those with CAD and 25.5% in those with CBVD. The associated risk factors for depression were female sex (odds ratio [OR] 15.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.44–102.03, P = 0.004), less education (OR 7.09 and 10.36, 95% CI, 1.24–40.75, 1.86–57.70 for an elementary and middle school education, respectively), and hypertension (OR 5.35; 95% CI, 1.48–19.40) in those with CAD and were female sex (OR 4.06, 95% CI, 1.12–14.76) and diabetes mellitus (OR 3.31, 95% CI, 1.36–8.05) in CBVD. These significant associations remained in males, but not in females in those with both CAD and CBVD.ConclusionsThis study found the associations between hypertension and depression in those with CAD and diabetes mellitus and depression in those with CBVD in males, but not in females. Further studies are needed to explore the associated psychosocial factors of depression in those with different CAD kinds in females.
Comparing Primiparous and Multiparous Mothers in a Nurse Home Visiting Prevention Program
Authors: Lanier Paul , Jonson‐Reid Melissa 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundAn important yet overlooked feature of prominent prevention programs serving expectant mothers is the exclusion of women with children. This study examines mothers (n = 3,260) participating in a program without parity exclusion criteria, and compares demographic characteristics, risk status, service use, and child maltreatment outcomes.MethodsA longitudinal, prospective study comparing primiparous (n = 1,890) and multiparous (n = 1,370) mothers participating in a nurse home visiting program. Patient groups are compared using bivariate and multivariate methods.ResultsComparison by parity shows multiparous mothers had higher cumulative risk scores and individual risk factors related to maternal and child health, behavioral health, and violence exposure. Multiparous mothers were more likely to seek out services themselves and to initiate services later in the postnatal period. A significant trend exists among more children and greater caregiver stress, maternal depression, and child maltreatment. Multivariate models indicate infants of multiparous mothers have a higher risk (hazard ratio = 1.49) for later reports of child maltreatment.ConclusionsAs compared with primiparous mothers, multiparous mothers were at higher risk but had similar levels of service use. Programs limited to primiparous mothers are missing a critical opportunity for prevention. Programs serving multiparous mothers should incorporate strategies to directly address caregiver stress and postpartum depression.