bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot service for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a descriptive study
Authors: Edwin Febin 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this descriptive study is to highlight the number and co-morbid health needs of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presenting to a pilot adult ADHD service.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study aimed to focus on the epidemiologic data such as total number of referrals, source of referrals, sex ratio, follow-up treatments, and co-morbid diagnosis. The number of referrals between March and October 2009 were looked at. The study population included adults aged 18-65 years including adults with mild intellectual disabilities. A total of 117 adults were referred to the pilot ADHD service for adults and 105 patients were assessed.

Findings
– The commonest source of referral was from general practice (n=60) 57 per cent. New diagnosis of adult ADHD was around (n=47) in 39.1 per cent of those who presented. Over 80 per cent of the patients were males. Around (n=55), 58 per cent of adults with ADHD had a co-morbid diagnosis. About 4 per cent (n=4) of the referrals were from the adult learning disability services.

Originality/value
– The findings from the descriptive study suggest a significant gap in diagnostic services for adults with ADHD who present with high rates of co-morbidity.
Health Pharma: managing supply chain
Authors: Dastidar Surajit Ghosh , Thakurta Rahul , Sreeram Anusha 
Published: November 2014

Subject area
The case deals with the Bullwhip phenomena that can be observed in a supply chain.

Study level/applicability
This case is suitable for all levels of students, undergraduate MBA to Executive MBA classes and practitioners. Assignment questions are designed from the perspective of teaching this case to a business student audience. The case is ideally suited for a supply chain management course and can be introduced to demonstrate the bullwhip effect in an operations management course.

Case overview
Set in May 2011, the case presents the discussions in the meeting summoned by Mr Srinivas, the director (technical) of Health Pharma (not the name of a real organization) in response to the huge losses faced by the organization in the last financial year. The discussions point to the inability of the organization to appropriately forecast demand across the different echelons and also absence of information transparency, leading to the loss. The catastrophe indicated the need to adopt an ERP solution, which was earlier overlooked by Health Pharma management.

Expected learning outcomes
These are an introduction to the concepts of the bullwhip effect and the case presents a managerial solution to the supply chain problem demonstrated.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for facilitating the instructor to present and discuss the case in a classroom setting.
Marketing and production conflict at Dandiraz Electrical Company, Zimbabwe
Authors: Dandira Martin 
Published: November 2014

Subject area
Organisational behaviour, strategic management and management of change, human resources management, business management.

Study level/applicability
Undergraduate and post-graduate management degrees: including courses on organizational behaviour, human resources management, marketing, business management and strategic management.

Case overview
Dandiraz an electric appliance manufacturing company in Zimbabwe has an aggressive marketing director who had increased exports from 15 percent of the company's production to 40 percent and the company had won the National Exporter of the Year Award twice as a result of his efforts. The chairperson was uncomfortable with the outbursts of the marketing director when he talked to him about the production department. There was a disagreement between the marketing director and production director in the way certain issues were to be implemented. The chairperson was undecided on whose suggestions to follow since both directors were giving valid contributions but opposing each other.

Expected learning outcomes
Students can focus on the importance of how departmental conflicts can harm an organisation if not managed properly. Students will also appreciate the importance of making quality decisions by top management as an important ingredient for the success of an organisation.

Supplementary learning materials
Teaching notes are available. Consult the librarian for access.
A genome‐wide association study for the incidence of persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle
Authors: Casas E. , Hessman B. E. , Keele J. W. , Ridpath J. F. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) comprise a diverse group of viruses that cause disease in cattle. BVDV may establish both transient and persistent infections depending on the developmental stage of the animal at exposure. The objective was to determine whether genomic regions harboring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could be associated with the presence or absence of persistent BVDV infection. A genome‐wide association approach based on 777 000 SNP markers was used. Samples of animals identified as positive (n = 1200) or negative (n = 1200) for the presence of BVDV in skin samples (n = 1200) were used. DNA samples were combined in 24 pools (100 animals per pool). One SNP, significant at the 5 percent genome‐wide level (P = 9.41 × 10−8), was detected on chromosome 14, located at position 80 675 176 bp. Fifteen SNPs, residing on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 15 and 18, were moderately associated (P < 1 × 10−5) with persistent BVDV infection. Results show that genes harboring or neighboring significant SNPs are involved in leucopenia, signal transduction, RNA splicing and DNA methylation processes.
The Effect of Porous Medium Storage on Unstable Density‐Driven Solute Transport
Authors: Xie Yueqing , Graf Thomas , Simmons Craig T. , Diersch Hans‐Jörg G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUnstable density‐driven groundwater flow and solute transport (i.e., free convection) leads to spatiotemporal variations in pressure. Specific storage (So) indicates the capability of a confined aquifer to release or store groundwater associated with a pressure change. Although So is known to dampen pressure propagation, So has been implicitly assumed to have a negligible impact on the unstable free convective process in prior studies. This work explores the effect of So on both the classic onset criterion and the fingering process using numerical models. Results show that the classic onset criterion is applicable when So is smaller than 10–1 m–1. Results also demonstrate that So does not play a significant role in the free convective fingering process unless it is greater than 10–3 m–1. For most practical purposes in hydrogeology (large Rayleigh number and small So), the implicit assumption of small or zero So is appropriate.
Motion automated perimetry in glaucoma
Authors: Brusini Paolo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA new type of motion perimetry test was performed on three groups of patients (15 normal subjects, 10 patients with ocular hypertension, and 22 patients with early‐to‐moderate chronic glaucoma). Differences of coherence threshold were statistically significant both between normal and hypertensive subjects, and between normal and glaucomatous subjects. Dispersion of data and overlapping of results were the main problems found. Motion perimetry could be an interesting non‐conventional perimetric test in glaucoma, but its reliability and repeatability should be improved.
Ocular haemodynamics and beta peripapillary atrophy in normal pressure glaucoma
Authors: Galassi F. , Sodi A. , Ucci F. , Renieri G. , Pieri B. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryIn a group of normal pressure glaucomas. the eyes with type beta peripapillary atrophy showed lower flow velocities than did the eyes where this peculiar aspect of the posterior pole was not to be found. These results would seem to support a theory of vascular abnormality influence on peripapillary atrophy development.
The confocal laser scanning discriminant analysis formula and measures of visual field
Authors: Iester M. , Courtright P. , Mikelberg F. S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPurpose: To determine if the confocal scanning laser discriminant analysis formula is predictive of visual field damage.Patients and Methods: One eye each was randomly chosen from 60 normal subjects (normal visual fields, normal optic nerve head (ONH) and intraocular pressure (IOP) less than 22 mmHg), 69 ocular hypertensive subjects (normal visual field, normal ONH and IOP>21 mmHg), and 179 open angle glaucoma patients, 130 high tension and 49 normal tension. All the patients were examined with Humphrey Perimeter, program 30‐2, and a confocal scanning laser (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, (HRT) software version 1.11) and the morphometric results were analyzed by an HRT discriminant analysis formula. Findings were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, Student's t‐test and multiple linear regression.Results: We found a statistically significant correlation (p = 0.001) between the HRT discriminant analysis formula results and the visual field indices: for mean deviation r = + 0.43, for pattern standard deviation r = −0.46, for short term fluctuation r = −0.29 and for corrected pattern standard deviation r = −0.45. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation coefficient between visual field indices and the HRT discriminant formula results.Conclusion: That there are significant correlations between HRT discriminant formula results and visual field indices suggests that the discriminant formula might well be an indicator of the degree of glaucomatous ONH damage, a fact that could add another objective diagnostic tool to our assessment kit for patients with glaucomatous optic discs.
The influence of feeding on the evolution of sensory signals: a comparative test of an evolutionary trade‐off between masticatory and sensory functions of skulls in southern African Horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae)
Authors: Jacobs D. S. , Bastian A. , Bam L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe skulls of animals have to perform many functions. Optimization for one function may mean another function is less optimized, resulting in evolutionary trade‐offs. Here, we investigate whether a trade‐off exists between the masticatory and sensory functions of animal skulls using echolocating bats as model species. Several species of rhinolophid bats deviate from the allometric relationship between body size and echolocation frequency. Such deviation may be the result of selection for increased bite force, resulting in a decrease in snout length which could in turn lead to higher echolocation frequencies. If so, there should be a positive relationship between bite force and echolocation frequency. We investigated this relationship in several species of southern African rhinolophids using phylogenetically informed analyses of the allometry of their bite force and echolocation frequency and of the three‐dimensional shape of their skulls. As predicted, echolocation frequency was positively correlated with bite force, suggesting that its evolution is influenced by a trade‐off between the masticatory and sensory functions of the skull. In support of this, variation in skull shape was explained by both echolocation frequency (80%) and bite force (20%). Furthermore, it appears that selection has acted on the nasal capsules, which have a frequency‐specific impedance matching function during vocalization. There was a negative correlation between echolocation frequency and capsule volume across species. Optimization of the masticatory function of the skull may have been achieved through changes in the shape of the mandible and associated musculature, elements not considered in this study.
Morningness–Eveningness and College Advising: A Road to Student Success?
Authors: Schulke Beverly Brown , Zimmermann Laura K. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn addressing the challenges faced by E‐type (evening‐type) students, researchers have pointed to the need for school schedules that reflect chronotypic concerns and the recognition of the importance of sleep for academic achievement and well‐being. One approach to dealing with this issue for adolescent students has been to move the start of the school day later. In college, however, schedules become more varied and the social context in which these challenges occur differs requiring more individualized approaches to scheduling. In spite of this, morningness–eveningness is rarely considered by college administrators, advisors, or individuals involved in student services. It is important that faculty and staff who work with students be aware of chronotypical influences on classroom performance and other aspects of student life so that they can help them succeed in college and beyond.
Endogenous motilin, but not ghrelin plasma levels fluctuate in accordance with gastric phase III activity of the migrating motor complex in man
Authors: Deloose E. , Vos R. , Corsetti M. , Depoortere I. , Tack J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundFluctuations in motilin plasma levels have been implicated in the control of the migrating motor complex (MMC). A plasma peak of motilin is present before a gastric phase III. Furthermore, not only exogenous administration of motilin but also ghrelin induces a gastric phase III in man. Aim of this study was to investigate the role of endogenous ghrelin in the regulation of the MMC.MethodsPlasma samples for motilin and ghrelin were taken in between two consecutive phases III of either origin measured using high‐resolution manometry.Key ResultsThe duration of 1 complete MMC cycle was on average 95 ± 12 min. Sixty percent of the first phases III and 40% of the second phases III had a gastric origin (p = 0.0574). Motilin (p < 0.05) plasma levels differed significantly between the phases of the MMC but total and octanoylated ghrelin did not. The percentage change in motilin during the MMC was dependent on the origin of phase III (p < 0.05). Motilin levels increased on average with 35 ± 10% right before a gastric phase III and with 3 ± 4% before a duodenal phase III (p < 0.05). The percentage change in total and octanoylated ghrelin plasma levels was not affected by the origin of phase III.Conclusions & InferencesThese results confirm the role of motilin but not of ghrelin as an endogenous physiological regulator of the MMC with a gastric phase III.
Surgical Ineligibility and Mortality Among Patients With Unprotected Left Main or Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Waldo Stephen W. , Secemsky Eric A. , O’Brien Cashel , Kennedy Kevin F. , Pomerantsev Eugene , Sundt Thoralf M. , McNulty Edward J. , Scirica Benjamin M. , Yeh Robert W. 
Published: November 2014

Background—
Decisions to proceed with surgical versus percutaneous revascularization for multivessel coronary artery disease are often based on subtle clinical information that may not be captured in contemporary registries. The present study sought to evaluate the association between surgical ineligibility documented in the medical record and long-term mortality among patients with unprotected left main or multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results—

All subjects undergoing nonemergent percutaneous coronary intervention for unprotected left main or multivessel coronary artery disease were identified at 2 academic medical centers from 2009 to 2012. Documentation of surgical ineligibility was assessed through review of electronic medical records. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for known mortality risk factors were created to assess long-term mortality in patients with and without documentation of surgical ineligibility. Among 1013 subjects with multivessel coronary artery disease, 218 (22%) were deemed ineligible for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The most common explicitly cited reasons for surgical ineligibility in the medical record were poor surgical targets (24%), advanced age (16%), and renal insufficiency (16%). After adjustment for known risk factors, documentation of surgical ineligibility remained independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital (odds ratio, 6.26; 95% confidence interval, 2.16–18.15;
P
<0.001) and long-term mortality (hazard ratio, 2.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.88–4.72,
P
<0.001) after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Conclusions—
Documented surgical ineligibility is common and associated with significantly increased long-term mortality among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with unprotected left main or multivessel coronary disease, even after adjustment for known risk factors for adverse events during percutaneous revascularization.
Altered basal ganglia functional connectivity in multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue
Authors: Finke C , Schlichting J , Papazoglou S , Scheel M , Freing A , Soemmer C , Pech LM , Pajkert A , Pfüller C , Wuerfel JT , Ploner CJ , Paul F , Brandt AU 
Published: November 2014

Background: Fatigue is one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms in multiple sclerosis, but its pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. It is in particular unclear whether and how fatigue relates to structural and functional brain changes. Objective: We aimed to analyse the association of fatigue severity with basal ganglia functional connectivity, basal ganglia volumes, white matter integrity and grey matter density. Methods: In 44 patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, resting-state fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging and voxel-based morphometry was performed. Results: In comparison with healthy controls, patients showed alteration of grey matter density, white matter integrity, basal ganglia volumes and basal ganglia functional connectivity. No association of fatigue severity with grey matter density, white matter integrity and basal ganglia volumes was observed within patients. In contrast, fatigue severity was negatively correlated with functional connectivity of basal ganglia nuclei with medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex in patients. Furthermore, fatigue severity was positively correlated with functional connectivity between caudate nucleus and motor cortex. Conclusion: Fatigue is associated with distinct alterations of basal ganglia functional connectivity independent of overall disability. The pattern of connectivity changes suggests that disruption of motor and non-motor basal ganglia functions, including motivation and reward processing, contributes to fatigue pathophysiology in multiple sclerosis.
Prognostic biomarkers of IFNb therapy in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Baranzini Sergio E , Madireddy Lohith R , Cromer Anne , D’Antonio Mauro , Lehr Lorenz , Beelke Manolo , Farmer Pierre , Battaglini Marco , Caillier Stacy J , Stromillo Maria L , De Stefano Nicola , Monnet Emmanuel , Cree Bruce AC 
Published: November 2014

Background: Interferon beta (IFNb) reduces relapse frequency and disability progression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: Early identification of prognostic biomarkers of IFNb-treated patients will allow more effective management of MS. Methods: The IMPROVE study evaluated subcutaneous IFNb versus placebo in 180 patients with relapsing–remitting MS. Magnetic resonance imaging scans, clinical assessments, and blood samples were obtained at baseline and every 4 weeks from every participant. Thirty-nine biomarkers (32 transcripts; seven proteins) were studied in 155 patients from IMPROVE. Therapeutic response was defined by absence of new combined unique lesions, relapses, and sustained increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale over 1 year. A machine learning approach was used to examine the association between biomarker expression and treatment response. Results: While baseline levels of individual genes were relatively poor predictors, combinations of three genes were able to identify subjects with sub-optimal therapeutic responses. The triplet CASP2/IRF4/IRF6, previously identified in an independent dataset, was tested among other combinations. This triplet showed acceptable predictive accuracy (0.68) and specificity (0.88), but had relatively low sensitivity (0.22) resulting in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.63. Other combinations of biomarkers resulted in AUC of up to 0.80 (e.g. CASP2/IL10/IL12Rb1). Conclusions: Baseline expression, or induction ratios, of specific gene combinations correlate with future therapeutic response to IFNb, and have the potential to be prognostically useful.
Natalizumab exerts a suppressive effect on surrogates of B cell function in blood and CSF
Authors: Warnke Clemens , Stettner Mark , Lehmensiek Vera , Dehmel Thomas , Mausberg Anne K , von Geldern Gloria , Gold Ralf , Kümpfel Tania , Hohlfeld Reinhard , Mäurer Mathias , Stangel Martin , Straeten Vera , Limmroth Volker , Weber Thomas , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Wattjes Mike P , Svenningsson Anders , Olsson Tomas , Hartung Hans-Peter , Hermsen Derik , Tumani Hayrettin , Adams Ortwin , Kieseier Bernd C 
Published: November 2014

Background: Natalizumab for multiple sclerosis (MS) increases the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Objective: We aimed to assess the effect of natalizumab on cellular composition and functional B cell parameters including patients with natalizumab-associated PML ( n=37). Methods: Cellular composition by flow cytometry, levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G/IgM by immunonephelometry, and oligoclonal bands by isoelectric focusing were studied in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Results: In MS patients treated with natalizumab without PML ( n=59) the proportion of CD19+ B cells was higher in blood, but lower in cerebrospinal fluid compared with MS patients not treated with natalizumab ( n=17). The CD4/CD8-ratio in cerebrospinal fluid was lower, and IgG and IgM levels as well as the IgG index dropped in longitudinal samples during natalizumab therapy. Oligoclonal bands persisted, but the total amount of the intrathecally produced IgG fraction, and the polyclonal intrathecal IgG reactivity to measles, rubella, and zoster declined. At the time of diagnosis of PML patients with natalizumab-associated PML had low total IgG levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusions: Natalizumab impacts B and T cell distribution and exerts an inhibitory effect on surrogates of B cell function in periphery and in cerebrospinal fluid, potentially contributing to the increased risk of developing PML.