bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Using a Sutureless Bovine Pericardial Patch Graft for Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation
Authors: Quaranta Luciano , Riva Ivano , Floriani Irene C. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose To evaluate the long-term outcomes of a surgical technique using a sutureless bovine pericardial patch graft for the implantation of an Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV). Methods This was a pilot study on patients with primary open-angle glaucoma refractory to repeated surgical filtering procedures. All patients underwent AGV implant technique using a sutureless bovine pericardial patch graft. The pericardial membrane was cut using an ordinary corneal trephine with a diameter of 9.0 or 10.0 mm. The anterior part of the tube was covered with the graft and kept in place with fibrin glue. Subsequently, the cap was stitched all around the tube and the dissected conjunctiva was laid over it. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and complications were evaluated 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Results The procedure was used to treat 20 eyes of 20 consecutive patients (12 men and 8 women: mean age [SD] 64.8 [7.8] years). Mean IOP was 28.1 mm Hg (SD 4.9) at baseline and decreased to 14.9 mm Hg (SD 1.5) 24 months after surgery (p<0.001). The overall mean number of topical medications was 3.1 (SD 0.5) at baseline and decreased to 1.4 (SD 0.8) after 24 months (p<0.001). During follow-up, there was no conjunctival erosion, thinning of pericardial patch graft over the tube, or tube exposure; no signs of endophthalmitis were recorded. Conclusions The results suggest that the sutureless technique using a bovine pericardial graft patch is a safe and rapid procedure for AGV implantation.
System Toxicology Approaches for Evaluating Chemical Carcinogenicity
Authors: Ellinger‐Ziegelbauer Heidrun , Aubrecht Jiri 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe recent progress in sequencing, genomic technologies and system biological tools has enabled interrogating cellular responses of the whole genome to toxic stimuli via monitoring gene expression profiles and evaluating toxic effects in context of molecular pathways. The feasibility of using “fingerprints” to delineate molecular networks associated with toxicity has also been demonstrated by applying functional genomic approaches that utilized collection of yeast mutants or cancer cell lines. The potential of toxicogenomic analysis for analysis of genotoxic mechanisms to facilitate risk assessment of genotoxicity findings inin vitroassay systems has been extensively discussed. In this review, we focus on discussing recent progress in investigating genotoxic and carcinogenic mechanisms via gene expression profile analysis inin vitroandin vivoassay systems. Furthermore, we provide a perspective on potential application of toxicogenomic analysis as a tool for hazard identification and risk assessment of genotoxic and carcinogenic properties of chemicals.
Application of Systems Biology in Neurotoxicological Studies During Development
Authors: Wang Cheng , Guo Lei , Patterson Tucker A. , Slikker William 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Systems biology has been defined as the iterative and integrative study of biological systems as they respond to perturbations. This chapter highlights the application of the systems biology approach to enhance the understanding of complex biological processes such as neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Although not yet fully delineated, the working model for anesthetic (e.g., ketamine)‐induced neurodegeneration during development involves the modulation of normally occurring brain‐sculpting mechanisms that control CNS development. Exposure of the developing mammal to anesthetics such as ketamine perturbs the endogenous
N
‐methyl‐
d
‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor system and results in enhanced neuronal cell death. The working model is that prolonged ketamine exposure produces up‐regulation of NMDA receptors and subsequent over‐stimulation of the glutamatergic system by endogenous glutamate, triggering enhanced apoptosis of developing neurons. When the nervous system was perturbed with ketamine‐induced anesthesia and gene expression changes were monitored, NMDA receptor genes were significantly up‐regulated and this finding was confirmed by
in situ
hybridization studies. Systems biology, as applied to toxicology, provides a framework in which information can be arranged in the form of a biological model and various global datasets can be collected and integrated to determine whether they support the model. Discrepancies can be identified and hypotheses‐driven studies conducted in order to address them. Thus, data generated via iteration of this process can be used to reformulate the model in light of the new data.
Mass Spectrometry‐Based Proteomics in Systems Toxicology
Authors: Yu Li‐Rong , Gao Yuan , Mendrick Donna L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAdvances of proteomics and its application to toxicological studies have led to the development of a new discipline, toxicoproteomics. Toxicoproteomics and its associated technologies are vital for the understanding of toxicity in systems toxicology. Many quantitative proteomic technologies including gel‐based and solution‐based approaches have been developed. Mass spectrometry is the core technology in proteomics for its capabilities of protein identification and quantification. While global quantitative proteome analysis using either stable isotope labeling or label‐free approaches enables the discovery of toxicity biomarkers and toxicity mechanisms, targeted proteomic approaches such as MRM could play important roles in biomarker validation and quantitative analysis of targeted proteins and pathways. To qualify biomarkers for clinical application, biomarker candidates have to be clinically verified and the assay has to be analytically validated. It is essential that quantitative proteomic analysis is eventually conducted in an absolute fashion. Such absolute quantification should be relied on robust stable isotope labeled peptide/protein standards.
Application of Proteomics to Study Mechanisms of Toxicity and Dose‐Response Relationships of Chemical Exposure
Authors: Zhu Zheying , Edwards Robert J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Proteomics has the potential to provide comprehensive information on protein expression and detailed insight into biological processes. Its application to toxicology holds the promise of determining the biological response to the adverse effects of toxicants through the identification of proteins affected. This is expected to help in predicting, characterizing and understanding the mechanisms of toxicity and lead to more accurate risk assessment. In this review, the main proteomic techniques that have been used in toxicological studies are described and assessed critically. Studies that have applied proteomics to investigate mechanisms of toxicity and dose‐response relationships are considered. The challenges that need to be met for toxicoproteomics to reach its full potential are discussed.
Toxicoinformatics for Systems Toxicology
Authors: Burgoon Lyle D. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Systems biology and systems toxicology mean different things to different people. To some, both disciplines focus on the creation of biological networks, and may be called network biology. To others, these disciplines conjure images of mathematical models to explain biological phenomena. Others will take a stance that it is really the combination of these philosophies, while there are others who believe that they are no more than the integration of omics technologies with other biological disciplines. Regardless of where you fall in this spectrum there is one universal truth: investigators require a significant amount of data to perform systems biology and systems toxicology. This chapter discusses some ideas with respect to data management, including data security, as well as databases and data warehouses. The chapter closes with some discussion of modeling and gene regulatory element identification. After reading this chapter the reader should have a better idea of some of the issues with respect to data management and analysis in systems biology and systems toxicology.
Biomarkers of System Response to Therapeutic Intervention
Authors: Danilova Ludmila , Ochs Michael F. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Biomarkers play a critical role in the delivery of healthcare and drug development. They provide surrogate markers for disease, drug toxicity, drug response and outcome. Although numerous biomarkers are in use, the development of biomarkers that address the full complexity of the biological system can aid in refining treatment to maximize therapeutic response while minimizing adverse events. One goal of systems biology is the development of methods to identify biomarkers that can aid in understanding the complex response of the system to therapy in order to develop strategies to treat individuals based on their unique biological background.
Toxicology of Engineered Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Bernardini Giovanni , Cattaneo Anna Giulia , Sabbioni Enrico , Di Gioacchino Mario , Chiriva‐Internati Maurizio , Gornati Rosalba 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe wide interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology leads to an ever‐increasing presence of nanomaterials in the environment that in turn may be associated with potentially new and largely undefined risks for the human health and for the environment. We reviewed the experimental data on the ecotoxicology of engineered nanometals following their intentional, unavoidable or accidental dispersion in the environment, together with the benefits of their use for bioremediation. Two potential threats for the human health, the carcinogenic and allergenic risks, have been subsequently evaluated inin vitroandin vivosystems. Lung and skin inflammation and possibly mutagenesis are the mainly documented effects, but the available data remain scarce and fragmentary, and toxicity is shared by both metallic and non‐metallic nanomaterials. The conclusive paragraph discusses the use of nanometals in traditional medicine and the development of metal based nanodrugs. A careful evaluation of risks and benefits is mandatory even in this case.
Females are the ecological sex: Sex‐specific body mass ecogeography in wild sifaka populations (Propithecus spp.)
Authors: Gordon Adam D. , Johnson Steig E. , Louis Edward E. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious work in primates has shown that body size often covaries with ecological parameters related to resource or energy availability in the environment. This relationship may differ for males and females as access to resources has greater importance for reproductive success in females. We test the hypotheses that (1) female body mass may be more tightly constrained than male body mass by ecological variables, and (2) female body mass may respond more strongly than male body mass to changes in ecological variables (i.e., population‐specific female mass may vary more across an ecological gradient than male mass). Specifically, we investigate the relationship between climatic variables and sex‐specific body mass in Propithecus, a genus in which species‐specific body mass has already been demonstrated to covary significantly with climatic variables. Data from 733 wild sifakas are used to identify sex‐specific body mass for 27 populations representing all nine described sifaka species, and climatic data for each population are derived from the WorldClim database. We use phylogenetic generalized least squares models to demonstrate that body mass in both sexes is significantly correlated with annual rainfall and number of dry months. Furthermore, coefficients of determination are always higher for female models, and coefficients for each climatic variable are higher for females in all significant models. These results support the two hypotheses tested, indicating that ecological forces can have a greater impact on female mass than on male mass in primates. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:77–87, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association between ancient bone preservation and dna yield: A multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Sosa C. , Vispe E. , Núñez C. , Baeta M. , Casalod Y. , Bolea M. , Hedges R.E.M. , Martinez‐Jarreta B. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAncient molecular typing depends on DNA survival in archaeological bones. Finding valuable tools to predict DNA presence in ancient samples, which can be measured prior to undertaking a genetic study, has become an important issue as a consequence of the peculiarities of archaeological samples. Since the survival of DNA is explained by complex interrelations of multiple variables, the aim of the present study was to analyze morphological, structural, chemical, and biological aspects of a set of medieval human bones, to provide an accurate reflection of the state of preservation of the bony components and to relate it with DNA presence. Archaeological bones that yielded amplifiable DNA presented high collagen content (generally more than 12%), low racemization values of aspartic acid (lesser than 0.08), leucine and glutamic acid, low infrared splitting factor, small size of crystallite, and more compact appearance of bone in the scanning electron micrographs. Whether these patterns are characteristic of ancient bones or specific of each burial site or specimen requires further investigation. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:102–109, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thrombolysis of basilar artery occlusion: Impact of baseline ischemia and time
Authors: Strbian Daniel , Sairanen Tiina , Silvennoinen Heli , Salonen Oili , Kaste Markku , Lindsberg Perttu J. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of extensive baseline ischemic changes on functional outcome after thrombolysis of basilar artery occlusion (BAO), and to study the effect of time to treatment in the absence of such findings.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 184 consecutive patients with angiography‐proven BAO. The majority of patients received intravenous alteplase and concomitant full‐dose heparin. Extensive baseline ischemia was defined as posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT score (pc‐ASPECTS) < 8. Onset‐to‐treatment time (OTT) was evaluated both as a continuous and as a categorical variable (0–6 hours, 6–12 hours, 12–24 hours, and 24–48 hours). Successful recanalization means thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) = 2 to 3. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) was evaluated with National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II, and Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke criteria. Poor 3‐month outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 3 to 6.ResultsThe majority (96%) of patients with baseline pc‐ASPECTS < 8 had poor 3‐month outcome, and a similar number (94%) was observed in those of them with confirmed recanalization (51.5%). In contrast, half of the patients with pc‐ASPECTS ≥ 8 and successful recanalization (73.2%) achieved good outcome. In these patients, OTT was associated with poor outcome neither as a continuous nor as a categorical variable. Factors independently associated with poor outcome were greater age and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, lack of recanalization, history of atrial fibrillation, and sICH. In the model including the whole cohort (patients with any pc‐ASPECTS), pc‐ASPECTS < 8 was independently associated with poor outcome (odds ratio = 5.83, 95% confidence interval = 1.09–31.07).InterpretationIn the absence of extensive baseline ischemia, recanalization of BAO up to 48 hours was seldom futile and produced good outcomes in 50% of patients, which was independent of time to treatment. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:688–694
Image retrieval from scientific publications: Text and image content processing to separate multipanel figures
Authors: Apostolova Emilia , You Daekeun , Xue Zhiyun , Antani Sameer , Demner‐Fushman Dina , Thoma George R. 
Published: March 2013

Images contained in scientific publications are widely considered useful for educational and research purposes, and their accurate indexing is critical for efficient and effective retrieval. Such image retrieval is complicated by the fact that figures in the scientific literature often combine multiple individual subfigures (panels). Multipanel figures are in fact the predominant pattern in certain types of scientific publications.The goal of this work is to automatically segment multipanel figures—a necessary step for automatic semantic indexing and in the development of image retrieval systems targeting the scientific literature. We have developed a method that uses the image content as well as the associated figure caption to: (1) automatically detect panel boundaries; (2) detect panel labels in the images and convert them to text; and (3) detect the labels and textual descriptions of each panel within the captions. Our approach combines the output of image‐content and text‐based processing steps to split the multipanel figures into individual subfigures and assign to each subfigure its corresponding section of the caption. The developed system achieved precision of 81% and recall of 73% on the task of automatic segmentation of multipanel figures.
Total Synthesis of Diaporthichalasin by Using the IntramolecularDiels–Alder Reaction of an α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Hydroxylactam in Aqueous Media
Authors: Shionozaki Nobuhiro , Iwamura Naoki , Tanaka Ryo , Makino Kimiko , Uchiro Hiromi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe first total synthesis of diaporthichalasin has been successfully achieved and complete structure elucidation, including the absolute configuration, was also accomplished. The intramolecular Diels–Alder (IMDA) reaction between the diene side chain on the decalin skeleton and α,β‐unsaturated γ‐hydroxy‐γ‐lactam in aqueous media was effectively employed as the key step. From this synthetic study, we found that α,β‐unsaturated γ‐hydroxy‐γ‐lactam is an essential precursor for the construction of the diaporthichalasin‐type pentacyclic skeleton. This important finding strongly suggests that this route is involved in the biosynthetic pathway for diaporthichalasin.
Formation of Ag2S Cages from Polyhedral Ag2O Nanocrystals and their Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Lyu Lian‐Ming , Huang Michael H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAg2O nanocubes, rhombicuboctahedra, octahedra, and hexapods have been employed as templates for the generation of Ag2O–Ag2S core–shell structures through a rapid sulfidation process in a basic solution. Addition of an ammonia etching solution quickly removes the Ag2O cores, thereby resulting in the formation of Ag2S cages with morphologies that resemble the starting templates. The composition of the Ag2S shells and cages has been extensively determined by various analytical techniques including X‐ray and electron diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Ag2S shells have a monoclinic crystal structure and are polycrystalline with some amorphous and porous regions. The nanocage formation process has been captured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Gap spaces are formed initially between the cores and the shells owing to uniform etching of the Ag2O cores on all of the faces. No linkages connecting the cores to the shells have been observed. Depending on the potential scanning ranges applied, four types of electrochemical redox behavior have been identified for the Ag2O and Ag2O–Ag2S cubes in a basic solution. The ability to easily fabricate thin sheets of Ag2S over different Ag2O surfaces should extend the applications of Ag2S nanostructures.
Pfahlbiegung hinter Spundwänden
Authors: Meek J. W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDie Verbiegung einer nachgiebigen Spundwand überträgt sich durch den Boden auf dahinterstehende Stahlbetonpfähle. Diese Zwangsverformung erhöht die erforderliche Bewehrung und kann im Extremfall eine Bemessung der Pfähle unmöglich machen. Um die Problematik zutreffend zu erfassen, muß zunächst eine recht anspruchsvolle Theorie verwendet werden. Zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Bodenbewegungen in der Umgebung des Pfahls sind kontinuummechanische Methoden unumgänglich. Anschließend muß die Wechselwirkung zwischen dem im Erdreich herrschenden Verschiebungsfeld und dem Pfahl elastoplastisch berechnet werden. Die Ergebnisse der theoretischen Betrachtung decken die wesentlichen physikalischen Zusammenhänge auf. Diese führen dann zu einem einfachen Näherungsverfahren für die Praxis.
Tunnelbau im Sprengvortrieb ‐ Rationalisierung durch Teilroboterisierung und Innovationen
Authors: Girmscheid G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDer Tunnelbau mittels Sprengvortrieb kombiniert ingenieurgeologische und kunstruktive Konzepte mit handwerklichen Arbeitsmethoden. Trotz hoher Mechanisierung sind die Rationalisierungspotentiale bei weitem nicht ausgeschöpft. Zur Weiterentwicklung der Leistungssteigerung und der Kosteneffizienz dieser Vortriebsmethode und zur Erhöhung der Arbeitssicherheit ist es erforderlich, die einzelnen baubetrieblichen Systeme der Arbeitsprozeßkette hinsichtlich Effizienzsteigerung näher zu untersuchen. Es werden mögliche Innovationen im Rahmen der Sprengtechnik und der Teilroboterisierung der Betriebssysteme aufgezeigt, die in Zukunft weiterentwickelt werden sollten. In diesem Beitrag wird der ganzheitliche Zusammenhang zwischen gewählter Konstruktion, Sicherungssystemen und dem rationellen Einsatz von teilroboterisierten Systemen veranschaulicht dargestellt.
Beschleunigte Bestimmung des Wasserdurchlässigkeitsbeiwerts bindiger Böden
Authors: Rizkallah V. , Richwien A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDer nachfolgende Beitrag enthält einen Vorschlag zur vereinfachten und beschleunigten experimentellen Bestimmung des Wasserdurchlässigkeitsbeiwerts weicher bindiger Böden. Veranlassung für diesen Vorschlag war die Erfahrung, daß die Bestimmung des kf‐Werts nach DIN 18 130 bei vielen feinkörnigen bindigen Böden lange Versuchszeiten erfordert und fehleranfällig ist. Anstelle der Versuchsdurchführung nach DIN 18 130 wird vorgeschlagen, die Wasserdurchlässigkeit in diesen Fällen indirekt aus den Ergebnissen von Kompressionsversuchen abzuleiten. Der Beitrag zeigt die Grundüberlegungen zu diesem Ansatz auf und belegt dessen Anwendbarkeit in der täglichen Praxis.
Kosteneinflüsse im Straßenbau
Authors: Hechtl A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDer heutige Straßenbau, insbesondere in den dichter besiedelten Regionen Europas, beeinflußt nachhaltig und in zunehmend vielfältiger Weise Mensch und Natur. Die zahlreichen Interessen, die in diesem Zusammenhang an den Straßenbaulastträger herangetragen werden, weisen wachsende Komplexität auf, sind durch mehrfach verkoppelte Abhängigkeiten gekennzeichnet, sind nur zum Teil im technischen Bereich angesiedelt und reichen von der Maximalforderung des technisch machbaren bis hin zum völligen Rückbau bestehender Straßen. Diese Anforderungen an den Straßenbau haben nahezu immer auch eine monetäre Komponente.Soweit die Bereitstellung von Straßen als staatliche Aufgabe wahrgenommen wird, und angesichts knapper öffentlicher Finanzmittel, stellt der maßvolle und effiziente Umgang mit Steuergeldern eine Herausforderung an die Kreativität und das Kostenbewußtsein der Verantwortlichen dar.
Mit einem Fasercocktail zur Duktilität von Druckgliedern aus Hochleistungsbeton
Authors: König G. , Kützig L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDem spröden Bruchverhalten hochfester Betone wird in der DAfStb‐Richtlinie [1] durch einen erhöhten Aufwand bei der konstruktiven Durchbildung und durch eine vorsichtige Begrenzung der Bruchstauchungen Rechnung getragen. Dies führt einerseits zu einem Zusatzaufwand bei der Herstellung der Druckglieder, andererseits kann der Werkstoff durch die berechtigt erhöhten Sicherheiten sein Leistungspotential nur begrenzt entfalten.Nachfolgend wird über den Einsatz von Faserstoffen und deren Einfluß auf das Bruchverhalten hochfester Betone berichtet. Mit einem Fasercocktail lassen sich gezielt gewünschte Werkstoffduktilitäten einstellen.