bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible strategies for flight control: an active role for the abdomen
Authors: Dyhr Jonathan P. , Morgansen Kristi A. , Daniel Thomas L. , Cowan Noah J. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARY
Moving animals orchestrate myriad motor systems in response to multimodal sensory inputs. Coordinating movement is particularly challenging in flight control, where animals deal with potential instability and multiple degrees of freedom of movement. Prior studies have focused on wings as the primary flight control structures, for which changes in angle of attack or shape are used to modulate lift and drag forces. However, other actuators that may impact flight performance are reflexively activated during flight. We investigated the visual–abdominal reflex displayed by the hawkmoth Manduca sexta to determine its role in flight control. We measured the open-loop stimulus–response characteristics (measured as a transfer function) between the visual stimulus and abdominal response in tethered moths. The transfer function reveals a 41 ms delay and a high-pass filter behavior with a pass band starting at ~0.5 Hz. We also developed a simplified mathematical model of hovering flight wherein articulation of the thoracic–abdominal joint redirects an average lift force provided by the wings. We show that control of the joint, subject to a high-pass filter, is sufficient to maintain stable hovering, but with a slim stability margin. Our experiments and models suggest a novel mechanism by which articulation of the body or ‘airframe’ of an animal can be used to redirect lift forces for effective flight control. Furthermore, the small stability margin may increase flight agility by easing the transition from stable flight to a more maneuverable, unstable regime.
Hearing threshold shifts and recovery after noise exposure in beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas
Authors: Popov Vladimir V. , Supin Alexander Ya. , Rozhnov Viatcheslav V. , Nechaev Dmitry I. , Sysuyeva Evgenia V. , Klishin Vladimir O. , Pletenko Mikhail G. , Tarakanov Mikhail B. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARY
Temporary threshold shift (TTS) after loud noise exposure was investigated in a male and a female beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). The thresholds were evaluated using the evoked-potential technique, which allowed for threshold tracing with a resolution of ~1 min. The fatiguing noise had a 0.5 octave bandwidth, with center frequencies ranging from 11.2 to 90 kHz, a level of 165 dB re. 1 μPa and exposure durations from 1 to 30 min. The effects of the noise were tested at probe frequencies ranging from −0.5 to +1.5 octaves relative to the noise center frequency. The effect was estimated in terms of both immediate (1.5 min) post-exposure TTS and recovery duration. The highest TTS with the longest recovery duration was produced by noises of lower frequencies (11.2 and 22.5 kHz) and appeared at a test frequency of +0.5 octave. At higher noise frequencies (45 and 90 kHz), the TTS decreased. The TTS effect gradually increased with prolonged exposures ranging from 1 to 30 min. There was a considerable TTS difference between the two subjects.
Consideration of the degree of increase in urine metadrenalines provides superior specificity in the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma than additional urine catecholamine measurement
Authors: Scargill J J , Reed P , Kane J 
Published: April 2013

Background Measurement of fractionated plasma or urine metadrenalines is the recommended screening test in the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma, with clinical cut-offs geared towards diagnostic sensitivity. Current practice at Salford Royal Hospital is to add urine catecholamines onto samples with raised urine metadrenalines, with the aim of adding specificity to a diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma. Methods This practice was reviewed by identifying a series of patients with raised urine metadrenalines who had catecholamines reflectively added. A total of 358 samples were identified from 242 patients, of which 228 had urine catecholamines measured. Results A diagnosis of ‘phaeochromocytoma‘ (n = 41) or ‘no phaeochromocytoma‘ (n = 90) was obtained in 131 of 228 patients, giving raised urine metadrenalines a positive predictive value for phaeochromocytoma of 31%. The finding of increased urine catecholamines in samples with raised urine metadrenalines increased specificity for phaeochromocytoma to 70%. However, 95% diagnostic specificity for phaeochromocytoma could be achieved by the introduction of a second cut-off for urine metadrenalines geared towards maximizing specificity. Conclusions Consideration of the degree of increase in urine metadrenalines is a superior method of determining the likelihood of phaeochromocytoma than measurement of urine catecholamines.
Thrombocytosis Is Associated With Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Positive Acid-Fast Stains in Granulomas
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Gould Edwin W. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is associated with thrombocytosis. We sought to determine if this information might be valuable in evaluating granulomas using acid-fast stains (AFS). Fifty-eight patients with culture-confirmed M tuberculosis infection were compared with 75 patients with atypical mycobacterial infection and 48 patients negative for mycobacteria. Thrombocytosis (platelet count &gt;360 × 103/μL [360 × 109/L]) was significantly more common in patients with M tuberculosis (50%) than those with either atypical mycobacterial infection (12%) or negative for mycobacteria (4%, P &lt; .001 for each). In 67 patients, histologic evaluation of tissue samples showed granulomatous inflammation; 37 (55%) had positive AFS results. Of 19 patients with thrombocytosis, 16 (84%) had a positive AFS result compared with 21 (44%) of 48 without thrombocytosis (P = .003). Fifteen of 16 M tuberculosis cases with thrombocytosis had positive AFS findings on histologic evaluation; the single negative case had a platelet count of 362 × 103/μL (362 × 109/L). However, 3 of these cases of positive results on staining were initially diagnosed as negative and only recognized as positive on review. We conclude that patients whose specimens were sent for mycobacterial culture and thrombocytosis had an increased risk for M tuberculosis. Patients with granulomas and thrombocytosis are more likely to have a positive AFS result usually showing M tuberculosis. Finally, patients with initially negative AFS results and thrombocytosis deserve to have additional evaluation of the AFS specimens.
Clinical Characteristics and Survival Data of Melanoma Patients With Nevus Cell Aggregates Within Sentinel Lymph Nodes
Authors: Gambichler Thilo , Scholl Lisa , Stücker Markus , Bechara Falk G. , Hoffmann Klaus , Altmeyer Peter , Othlinghaus Nick 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Histopathologic differentiation of nevus cell aggregates and metastatic melanoma in lymph nodes is challenging. Patients with melanoma who had undergone sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses as well as Kaplan-Meier statistics. Of the 651 patients, 50 (7.7%) had a nodal nevus in the SLN. In the logistic regression model, primary melanoma on the lower extremities proved to be the strongest independent negative predictor of nodal nevi with an odds ratio of 0.11 (95% confidence interval, 0.034–0.36; P = .0002). Overall 5-year survival (P = .17) and 5-year disease-free survival (P = .45) of patients with nodal nevi did not significantly differ from that of patients with negative SLNs. The frequency and anatomic localization of nodal nevi observed in the present study are in line with previous studies. Our 5-year survival data clearly demonstrate that nevus cell aggregates in lymph nodes have to be considered a benign condition even though it occurs in patients with melanoma. This study provides an indirect proof of validity and accuracy of current histopathologic methods for differentiation between nodal nevi and melanoma metastasis.
Microfluidic Assay of Platelet Deposition on Collagen by Perfusion of Whole Blood from Healthy Individuals Taking Aspirin
Authors: Li Ruizhi , Fries Susanne , Li Xuanwen , Grosser Tilo , Diamond Scott L 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND
Microfluidic devices can create hemodynamic conditions for platelet assays. We validated an 8-channel device in a study of interdonor response to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) with whole blood from 28 healthy individuals.

METHODS
Platelet deposition was assessed before treatment or 24 h after ingestion of 325 mg ASA. Whole blood (plus 100 μmol/L H-d-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethylketone to inhibit thrombin) was further treated ex vivo with ASA (0–500 μmol/L) and perfused over fibrillar collagen for 300 s at a venous wall shear rate (200 s−1).

RESULTS
Ex vivo ASA addition to blood drawn before aspirin ingestion caused a reduction in platelet deposition [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) approximately 10–20 μmol/L], especially between 150 and 300 s of perfusion, when secondary aggregation mediated by thromboxane was expected. Twenty-seven of 28 individuals displayed smaller deposits (45% mean reduction; range 10%–90%; P &lt; 0.001) from blood obtained 24 h after ASA ingestion (no ASA added ex vivo). In replicate tests, an R value to score secondary aggregation [deposition rate from 150 to 300 s normalized by rate from 60 to 150 s] showed R &lt; 1 in only 2 of 28 individuals without ASA ingestion, with R &gt; 1 in only 3 of 28 individuals after 500 μmol/L ASA addition ex vivo. At 24 h after ASA ingestion, 21 of 28 individuals displayed poor secondary aggregation (R &lt; 1) without ex vivo ASA addition, whereas the 7 individuals with residual secondary aggregation (R &gt; 1) displayed insensitivity to ex vivo ASA addition. Platelet deposition was not correlated with platelet count. Ex vivo ASA addition caused similar inhibition at venous and arterial wall shear rates.

CONCLUSIONS
Microfluidic devices quantified platelet deposition after ingestion or ex vivo addition of aspirin.
Suicide Bombing: The Cultural Foundations of Morocco’s New Version of Martyrdom
Authors: Maarouf Mohammed 
Published: April 2013

Abstract: This article argues that the radical Islamist conception of martyrdom in the Moroccan case, through a pre-existing fundamental receptive cultural framework, implies an articulation with maraboutic Islam. Moroccos local cultural embedding of martyrdom involves the still-working heritage of maraboutic institutions, beliefs, and practices, as well as the sway of mainstream Islam that conditions and informs the Islamist lived experience of self-sacrifice. A survey of young Moroccans’ interpretations of martyrdom demonstrates how the cultural bed already incorporates the rising Islamist cultural model of altruistic suicide. What is customarily referred to as an Islamist conception of jihad and self-sacrifice, or as a form of group indoctrination, is discovered to derive its cultural schemata from maraboutic and orthodox cultural models of martyrdom that are already culturally embedded. Martyrdom is a cluster of cultural representations that most Moroccan Muslims, akin to their co-religionists in the Islamic world, adhere to, though with some particularities firmly tied to the local cultural bed of Islam where they socialize. There is a cultural worldview at work, over and above all other factors and considerations of radicalization, that empowers the self-sacrificers and enables them to delve into Islamist suiciding projects. The survey conducted in Morocco shows that jihad, rather than being a matter of indoctrination, is part of a Moroccan popular culture of Islam; jihad and martyrdom are existing cultural schemata built into the popular imagination about how an Islamic combatant should be engaged in a fight against encroachers, intruders, and enemies of the faith.
“Let them have Dominion”: “Dominion Theology” and the Construction of Religious Extremism in the US Media
Authors: McVicar Michael J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:In the last decade, media coverage of “dominionism” and “dominion theology” and their supposed influence on conservative politicians has become increasingly visible in the US news press. Popular exposés using “dominionism” to frame the religio-political convictions of everyone from President George W. Bush to Congresswoman Michele Bachmann have proliferated even as journalists, pundits, and preachers have struggled to define the concept of dominion. This essay offers a critical history of dominion discourse as it has evolved over the last three decades in the evangelical and secular presses in the United States. It situates the emergence of dominion discourse within evangelical efforts to define the proper limits of their political activism during the 1980s and the progressive backlash against the Christian Right in the 1990s. Through close readings of material produced in the evangelical and secular presses this essay argues that dominion discourse reflects certain normative but unexplored assumptions about the nature and meaning of the place of religion in the American public sphere.
“An Extreme Sense of Destiny”: Bob Dylan, Affect, and Final Causation
Authors: Maxwell Grant 
Published: April 2013

Abstract: Bob Dylan has explicitly suggested on numerous occasions that he possessed “an extreme sense of destiny,” which has been the primary driving force in the development of his music and his identity. This article traces Dylan’s and his milieu’s articulation of final causation in its various inflections and demonstrates that this causal mode is intimately connected to an affective epistemology in Dylan’s experience. Through abstract philosophical reflection (shown here to parallel closely the ideas of philosophers like William James and Henri Bergson) and the relation of particular occasions of final causation, Dylan suggests a worldview that offers an alternative to what he perceives as the “madness” produced by “pure materialism” (2004).
Harry Potterand the Legends of Saints
Authors: Hennequin M. Wendy 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:Along with its other generic borrowings, the Harry Potter series uses tropes and plot structures from medieval hagiography. Rowling most significantly uses hagiographical plot structures during the confrontations between Harry and Voldemort in the second and fourth novels, and the confrontation between Neville and Voldemort in The Deathly Hallows. The first re-enacts the story of St. George; the second is constructed as a passio; and the third combines the two. These hagiographical plot structures serve to reveal character, reinforce the core values of the texts, and identify Harry with saints in order to signal his inevitable victory.
“No Magic against Love,” or Dark Seduction Redirected: Perspectives on the Fantasy FilmKrabat
Authors: Renger Almut-Barbara 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:By drawing on material from popular legend and children’s literature, Marco Kreuzpaintner’s film Krabat presents a series of conventional leitmotifs—seduction by dark powers, a pact with the devil and ultimate redemption through love—to explore the tensions implicit in master-disciple relationships common to religious formulations. In depicting how a young boy was compelled to enter under a demonic master’s protection, Krabat exploits the complex intersection of the fantastic genre, magical lore and structures of discipleship. The film is about growing up, about friendship and death, group dynamics, seduction “to the dark side,” and finally, in terms of a positive message, about love which is capable of overcoming everything. Even though the film has no theological intention in the strict sense of the word, Christian values are conveyed by way of narrative elements that have been absorbed and transformed over the course of the reception history devoted to the Krabat material. In addition to marking the shifts between the genre of the literary fantastic and cinematic fantasy, this paper investigates Krabat’s rich intertextuality and demonstrates how its examination may contribute to understanding the provocative interface between literary, cultural and religious studies.
L’exclusion, un paradoxe de la finance
Authors: Servet Jean-Michel 
Published: April 2013

Une étymologie contestée du mot « finance », comme étant ce qui met « fin » grâce à l’acte de paiement, nourrit l’idée que la finance est un moyen de séparation. De là à penser qu’elle peut être « excluante » par nature, il n’y a qu’un pas qu’abondent les développements contemporains de la « financiarisation » de la société. Or, anthropologiquement et historiquement, les relations financières sont des liens - au sens d’un attachement - entre membres d’une communauté.
Classification JEL : B30
Très petites entreprises et exclusion bancaire en France : les partenariats associations-banques
Authors: Guérin Isabelle , Vallat David 
Published: April 2013

Very small firms and financial exclusion in France
There is a growing concern about the ability of the existing financial sector to serve the lower end of the economy, especially the local economy. It seems that the financial sector is less and less willing or able to support the creation and development of micro businesses and to finance local initiatives. Then, what are the alternative strategies implemented by various actors achieving a better match the supply of financial services with local development needs ? One important point is the development of partnership between banks and non profit organizations. Together, they are trying to implement the idea that credit can help poor people to create a job.
JEL Classification : G21
What will the financial market of the future look like?
Authors: Fawcett Amelia 
Published: April 2013

It will be open and transparent, networked and totally connected, « T+ 0 », straight through, « 24x7 » fast and cost-effective. Online connectivity will be common and necessary for families all over the world, and power will rest in the hands of the consumer not producers. It will enable customers to get information and products/services they want, when they want them and how they want them. Players in this market will be obsessed with client service, globally networked, collaborative, nimble, technologically « cutting edge » and capable of responding and adapting to rapid change.
JEL Classification : O33
Relever l'âge du départ à la retraite : une mesure nécessaire et équitable
Authors: Pestieau Pierre 
Published: April 2013

Cet article défend l'idée que le relèvement de l'âge de la retraite est une mesure à la fois indispensable pour assurer la viabilité des systèmes de retraite, et équitable du point de vue des travailleurs les moins qualifiés. Il montre aussi que l'impopularité d'une telle mesure vient d'une mauvaise compréhension des alternatives qui sont offertes aux travailleurs électeurs.
Classification JEL : D3, H55, J26
L’euro sur les marchés financiers internationaux : bilan
Authors: White William R. , Galati Gabriele , Tsatsaronis Kostas 
Published: April 2013

Pour mesurer le rôle international de l'euro, le présent article adopte un cadre qui, dans son essence se fonde sur l'équilibre des portefeuilles, autour d'un concept selon lequel le poids international d'une monnaie est fonction de la confiance qu'elle inspire aux gestionnaires d'actifs comme réserve de valeur. Il s'ensuit que les fluctuations à moyen et long terme du cours de cette monnaie seront déterminées par l'équilibre entre la demande d'actifs et l'offre de passifs. Dans cet esprit, l'article examine d'abord les modes d'émission internationaux en euros et les compare à ceux du dollar. Il aborde ensuite les flux de portefeuille entre la zone euro, les États-Unis et le Japon, puis le rôle de l'euro sur les changes. Il utilise les résultats de l'enquête triennale la plus récente de la BRI sur les marchés des changes pour comparer le rôle de la monnaie unique à celui de ses prédécesseurs et des autres grandes monnaies.
Classification JEL : F3, F36
L'insaisissable objet du savoir-faire dans l'analyse
Authors: Porge Erik 
Published: April 2013

Au-delà de règles techniques, le savoir-faire relève d’une position éthique. Le tact et la disponibilité en sont parties constituantes. Il trouve son expression dans la règle de l’attention également en suspens. Celle-ci vise à empêcher la compréhension précipitée et elle favorise les surprises dans le discours, signes d’un passage de l’inconscient. Elle indique aussi que le savoir-faire est lié au temps et à son maniement ainsi qu’à l’existence de lalangue . Le savoir-faire ne doit toutefois pas être seulement situé du côté de l’analyste mais aussi de l’analysant, dont il y a à apprendre comment il sait y faire avec son fantasme et son symptôme. Au-delà, le savoir-faire est-il toujours à rapporter à une subjectivité, qu’elle soit celle de l’analyste ou de l’analysant, dans la mesure où l’inconscient est un savoir-faire avec lalangue ?
La patience et la hâte
Authors: Simonney Dominique 
Published: April 2013

Sans elle, le savoir-faire analytique est une coquille vide. Beaucoup de déviations, de sorties du discours analytique, notamment chez les élèves de Freud, sont dues au manque de l’élémentaire patience qu’exige une cure analytique. À vouloir raccourcir, précipiter les choses, on se retrouve vite hors du champ de l’analyse. Être patient avec le patient, ne pas trop « la ramener », Freud l’apprit de ses propres patients et en tira les conséquences : abandon de l’hypnose, prise en compte de la pulsion de répétition, etc. Il transmit cette consigne de patience dans ses écrits techniques, sans toutefois toujours s’y conformer, comme le montrent certaines des cures qu’il relate. Lacan aussi enseigne la patience. Au début de son enseignement, face aux tenants de l’analyse des résistances dont le savoir-faire consiste à charger, sabre au clair, lesdites résistances du patient, il remet génialement les choses d’aplomb, en inversant la proposition : les résistances sont celles de l’analyste. Et, pourrions-nous ajouter, l’impatience est aussi, le plus souvent, celle de l’analyste. Le temps logique de Lacan comporte des moments de patience, les deux premiers précisément, qui se concluent par un moment de hâte. Mais, grâce à la patience première, la hâte se différencie de la précipitation. Il en va de même dans l’interprétation, qui exige en même temps patience et décision au bon moment. Lacan fit-il preuve d’impatience dans son savoir-faire (et donc dans sa pratique), lors des dernières années de sa vie, où, précisément, il ne parlait que de ça dans son enseignement : du savoir-faire ? La question sera posée.
Le Nom du Père dans la considération scientifique : Lacan et saint Augustin
Authors: Koerner Emmanuel 
Published: April 2013

Lacan considère le De Trinitate d’Augustin comme un modèle de théorisation scientifique du Nom du Père, et il recommande aux analystes la lecture de ce traité. Cependant il y note la répétition de « je ne sais quelle fuite » s’agissant du père, fuite qui limite ce qui peut en être dit. Ce sont les deux points qui font l’objet de cette étude. La nomination de l’être divin est analysée par Augustin en termes structuraux et nous le voyons dégager certaines des contraintes logiques auxquelles, selon Lacan, le sujet comme tel est assujetti. En particulier, la notion de personne, ramenée à la catégorie de la relation, rejoint de façon rigoureuse la définition du signifiant par Lacan comme « ce qui représente un sujet pour un autre signifiant ». La différence sexuelle y trouve également sa place marquée. Les deux conflits majeurs entre « orthodoxie » et « hérésie », qui ont scandé l’histoire de la théologie, prennent à cette lumière une portée subjective fondatrice et perdent leur apparente futilité. Lacan donne ainsi à la théologie son rang de théorisation structurale du sujet. Quant à la fuite répétée quand il s’agit du père, nous la suivons dans ses divers retours comme un motif structural, mais dont il reste à dégager également les ressorts inconscients.