bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitated sequence counting and assembly by template mutagenesis
Authors: Levy Dan , Wigler Michael 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Despite vast improvements in DNA sequencing, many problems of interpretation arise when trying to count or assemble molecules (templates) that are largely identical. We show through simulations that by randomly mutagenizing DNA templates before amplification, many of these problems are resolved. We can obtain more accurate counting of templates by observing the number of unique patterns. By introducing distinctive patterns onto otherwise identical spans, we enhance our ability to correctly assemble sequences. This idea can be implemented with currently available mutagenesis protocols and such techniques can have applications in RNA expression analysis, haplotype phasing, copy number determination, and genome assembly. Template mutagenesis solves counting problems and effectively generates long reads from short-read sequence output.
Trends in the Intergenerational Transmission of Social Assistance in the Nordic Countries in the 2000s
Authors: Moisio Pasi , Lorentzen Thomas , Bäckman Olof , Angelin Anna , Salonen Tapio , Kauppinen Timo 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
This study considered trends in the intergenerational transmission of social assistance (SA) among young adults in Finland, Norway and Sweden during the 2000s. Comparable administrative register data-sets enabled us to compare year by year the social assistance recipiency of 20-year-old adults in the period 1999–2008, together with information on their parents' social assistance recipiency at the time when those young adults were aged 16 years. The intergenerational odds-ratio for SA was stronger in Sweden than in Finland or Norway. The probabilities of transitioning into SA when having an SA family background have declined in all three countries, but less than the transition probabilities into SA when from a non-SA family. This has strengthened the intergenerational odds-ratio in all three countries, though only slightly in Norway. The upwards trend in intergenerational odds-ratios for SA follows almost perfectly the declining trend in the number of 20-year-old recipients in these three countries. When the number of SA recipients decrease, it decreases the transition probabilities into SA more among those with a non-SA family background compared to the those with an SA family background. This difference in the decrease of transition probabilities turns into an increase in the intergenerational odds-ratio.
The effect of ice ingestion on female athletes performing intermittent exercise in hot conditions
Authors: Zimmermann Matthew Robert , Landers Grant Justin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractStudies have reported the benefits of pre‐cooling prior to exercise in the heat for male athletes, but at this time no research has investigated female athletes. The aim of the following study was to test the effects of pre‐cooling on female repeat sprint performance in hot, humid conditions; namely is ice ingestion effective in reducing core temperature (Tc) and does this reduced Tc lead to improved repeat sprint performance in female athletes? Nine female team sport athletes with mean age (21.0 ± 1.2 y), height (169.8 ± 4.1 cm) and body mass (62.3 ± 5.0 kg) participated in this study. Participants completed 72 min of an intermittent sprint protocol (ISP) consisting of 2 × 36 min halves in hot, humid conditions (33.1 ± 0.1°C, 60.3 ± 1.5% RH) on a cycle ergometer. This was preceded by 30 min of either ice ingestion (ICE) or water consumption (CON) in a randomised order. At the end of the pre‐cooling period, Tc significantly decreased following ICE (−0.7 ± 0.3°C) compared to CON (−0.1 ± 0.2°C; p = 0.001). Tc also remained lower in ICE compared to CON during the ISP (p = 0.001). Ratings of perceived thermal sensation were lower in ICE compared to CON (p = 0.032) at the beginning (p = 0.022) and mid‐point (p = 0.035) of the second half. No differences in work, mean power, peak power, rating of perceived exertion, heart rate or sweat loss between conditions were recorded (p > 0.05). Ice ingestion significantly reduced female Tc prior to intermittent exercise in the heat and reduced thermal sensation; however, this did not coincide with improved performance.
A new X-ray nova MAXI  J1910−057 (= Swift  J1910.2−0546) and mass accretion inflow
Authors: Nakahira Satoshi , Negoro Hitoshi , Shidatsu Megumi , Ueda Yoshihiro , Mihara Tatehiro , Sugizaki Mutsumi , Matsuoka Masaru , Onodera Takuya 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We report on long-term monitoring of a newly discovered X-ray nova, MAXI  J1910−057 (= Swift  J1910.2−0546) by MAXI and Swift. The new X-ray transient was first detected on 2012 May 31 by the MAXI Gas Slit Camera (GSC) and the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) almost simultaneously. We analyzed X-ray and UV data for 270 d following the outburst onset taken by repeated MAXI scans and Swift pointing observations. The obtained X-ray light curve for the inital 90 d is roughly represented by a fast-rise and exponential-decay profile. However, it re-brightened at ∼ 110 d after the onset and finally went down below both GSC and BAT detection limits after 240 d. All the X-ray energy spectra are fitted well with a model consisting of a multi-color-disk blackbody and its Comptonized hard tail. During the soft-state periods, the inner-disk radius of the best-fit model was almost constant. If the radius represents the innermost stable circular orbit of a non-spinning black hole and the soft-to-hard transitions occur at 1%–4% of the Eddington luminosity, the mass of the compact object is estimated to be &gt; 2.9 M⊙ and the distance to be &gt; 1.70 kpc. The inner-disk radius became larger in the hard/hard-intermediate state. This suggests that the accretion disk would be truncated. We detected an excess of the UV flux over the disk blackbody component extrapolated from the X-ray data, which can be modeled as reprocessed emission irradiated by the inner disk. We also found that the UV light curve mostly traced the X-ray curve, but a short dipping event was observed in both the UV and the X-ray bands with a 3.5 d X-ray time lag. This can be interpreted as the radial inflow of accreting matter from the outer UV region to the inner X-ray region.
5-HT1A Receptor Agonist Befiradol Reduces Fentanyl-induced Respiratory Depression, Analgesia, and Sedation in Rats
Authors: Ren Jun , Ding Xiuqing , Greer John J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAbstract
In conscious rats, administration of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, befiradol, reversed fentanyl-induced respiratory depression, but also antinociception, and caused abnormal behaviors that may limit clinical efficacy.

Background:
There is an unmet clinical need to develop a pharmacological therapy to counter opioid-induced respiratory depression without interfering with analgesia or behavior. Several studies have demonstrated that 5-HT1A receptor agonists alleviate opioid-induced respiratory depression in rodent models. However, there are conflicting reports regarding their effects on analgesia due in part to varied agonist receptor selectivity and presence of anesthesia. Therefore the authors performed a study in rats with befiradol (F13640 and NLX-112), a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist without anesthesia.

Methods:
Respiratory neural discharge was measured using in vitro preparations. Plethysmographic recording, nociception testing, and righting reflex were used to examine respiratory ventilation, analgesia, and sedation, respectively.

Results:
Befiradol (0.2 mg/kg, n = 6) reduced fentanyl-induced respiratory depression (53.7 ± 5.7% of control minute ventilation 4 min after befiradol vs. saline 18.7 ± 2.2% of control, n = 9; P < 0.001), duration of analgesia (90.4 ± 11.6 min vs. saline 130.5 ± 7.8 min; P = 0.011), duration of sedation (39.8 ± 4 min vs. saline 58 ± 4.4 min; P = 0.013); and induced baseline hyperventilation, hyperalgesia, and “behavioral syndrome” in nonsedated rats. Further, the befiradol-induced alleviation of opioid-induced respiratory depression involves sites or mechanisms not functioning in vitro brainstem–spinal cord and medullary slice preparations.

Conclusions:
The reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression and sedation by befiradol in adult rats was robust, whereas involved mechanisms are unclear. However, there were adverse concomitant decreases in fentanyl-induced analgesia and altered baseline ventilation, nociception, and behavior.
Dexmedetomidine Attenuates the Microcirculatory Derangements Evoked by Experimental Sepsis
Authors: Miranda Marcos L. , Balarini Michelle M. , Bouskela Eliete 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAbstract
Intravital microscopy of skinfold chamber microcirculation preparations in unanesthetized golden Syrian hamsters found that dexmedetomidine partially restored lipopolysaccharide-induced capillary perfusion deficits. Dexmedetomidine attenuated both increases in venular leukocyte rolling and adhesion and decreases in functional capillary density and erythrocyte velocity induced by lipopolysaccharide.

Background:
Dexmedetomidine, an α-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, has already been used in septic patients although few studies have examined its effects on microcirculatory dysfunction, which may play an important role in perpetuating sepsis syndrome. Therefore, the authors have designed a controlled experimental study to characterize the microcirculatory effects of dexmedetomidine in an endotoxemia rodent model that allows in vivo studies of microcirculation.

Methods:
After skinfold chamber implantation, 49 golden Syrian hamsters were randomly allocated in five groups: (1) control animals; (2) nonendotoxemic animals treated with saline; (3) nonendotoxemic animals treated with dexmedetomidine (5.0 μg kg−1 h−1); (4) endotoxemic (lipopolysaccharide 1.0 mg/kg) animals treated with saline; and (5) endotoxemic animals treated with dexmedetomidine. Intravital microscopy of skinfold chamber preparations allowed quantitative analysis of microvascular variables and venular leukocyte rolling and adhesion. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, and lactate concentrations were also documented.

Results:
Lipopolysaccharide administration increased leukocyte rolling and adhesion and decreased capillary perfusion. Dexmedetomidine significantly attenuated these responses: compared with endotoxemic animals treated with saline, those treated with dexmedetomidine had less leukocyte rolling (11.8 ± 7.2% vs. 24.3 ± 15.0%; P < 0.05) and adhesion (237 ± 185 vs. 510 ± 363; P < 0.05) and greater functional capillary density (57.4 ± 11.2% of baseline values vs. 45.9 ± 11.2%; P < 0.05) and erythrocyte velocity (68.7 ± 17.6% of baseline values vs. 54.4 ± 14.8%; P < 0.05) at the end of the experiment.

Conclusions:
Dexmedetomidine decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced leukocyte–endothelial interactions in the hamster skinfold chamber microcirculation. This was accompanied by a significant attenuation of capillary perfusion deficits, suggesting that dexmedetomidine yields beneficial effects on endotoxemic animals’ microcirculation.
Practice Patterns of Pediatricians and Trainees for the Management of Functional Constipation Compared With 2006 NASPGHAN Guidelines
Authors: Yang Christine H. , Punati Jaya 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition has formulated guidelines for managing functional constipation. There have been no studies that have investigated how pediatricians apply the constipation guideline since it was revised in 2006. The purpose of this study was to examine how pediatricians approach functional constipation and how closely their approaches adhere to the guidelines.Methods:An anonymous multiple‐choice questionnaire was developed by general pediatricians and pediatric gastroenterologists. This was distributed to pediatricians and pediatric residents at 7 academic institutions, and to the American Academy of Pediatrics section on medical students, residents, and fellowship trainees mailing list.Results:A total of 1202 responses were received (952 trainees, 250 attendings). Of these, 84.3% reported being unfamiliar/slightly familiar with the guidelines. The most common initial interventions for constipation without fecal incontinence included fluids (92.1%), fiber (89.5%), juice (77.7%), behavioral interventions (71.2%), follow‐up (53.4%), and reducing constipating foods (50.1%). The most common initial interventions for constipation with fecal incontinence included bowel cleanout (73.4%), maintenance medication (70.0%), fluids (67.9%), behavioral interventions (67.6%), fiber (66.1%), and follow‐up (57.8%). Osmotics were the most commonly prescribed as needed (83.0%) and maintenance medications (96.8%), with stimulants prescribed PRN by 35.6% and as maintenance by 16.8%. Some individuals (39.7%) reported concern that osmotics could result in dependence, addiction, or electrolyte imbalances, compared with 73.0% for stimulants.Conclusions:Our results show that more education regarding medication in functional constipation is necessary, including the use of medication reducing time to remission, the necessity of disimpaction, and misconceptions regarding adverse effects.
Why Is Initial Bacterial Colonization of the Intestine Important to Infants' and Children's Health?
Authors: Houghteling Pearl D. , Walker W. Allan 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTMicrobial colonization of the infant occurs during a critical time window for immune and gastrointestinal development. Infant colonization sets the stage for the adult microbiome. This review is a broad survey of the factors affecting infant colonization and the downstream effects on gastrointestinal health and disease. Major topics affecting colonization include initial inoculation dependent on birth mode, the impact of breast‐feeding, and inside‐out modulation of the developing microbiome by the immune system. Major outcomes of colonization include the timing‐dependent education of the neonatal immune system, which is interconnected with barrier function and metabolism. These all engage in further continuing cross‐talk with the microbiome, genetics, and nutrition. This review also briefly examines mechanisms of disease resulting from disrupted colonization as well as nutritional and microbial therapies.
Does project culture matter? A comparative study of two major hospital projects
Authors: Zuo Jian , Zillante George , Zhao Zhen-Yu , Xia Bo 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This research aims to investigate the impacts of project culture on the performance of construction projects. Cultural issues in the construction industry have attracted growing attention from both practitioners and academia. However, there are few studies on culture issues at the project level. The influence of project culture has not traditionally been on the research radar.Design/methodology/approach– A case study approach, utilising questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews and review of project documents, was used to investigate project culture and its associated impacts in two major hospital projects.Findings– The results indicated that project culture played an important role in achieving harmonious relationships between project participants and better project outcomes in terms of schedule, functionality, satisfaction with the process, satisfaction with the relationships, environmental issues addressed commercial success, further business opportunities and overall performance. Case 1 outperformed Case 2 in these performance indicators. Similarly, it became clear that the project’s culture should be developed from the outset and sustained during the project period. Furthermore, it was also highlighted that the project culture should be translated to all levels of the supply chain, i.e. sub-contractors and suppliers.Practical implications– The findings enabled the client to understand the role of project culture and actively commit towards the development and maintenance of the project culture from very early on. It also helps project teams to understand how to deal with cultural issues at the project level.Originality/value– This study is one of limited empirical studies that offer in-depth insights of how project culture affects the performance of construction projects. It is also the first study of hospital projects on the research topic.
The changing nature of workplace culture
Authors: J. Cole Raymond , Oliver Amy , Blaviesciunaite Aiste 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to determine how the unprecedented developments in information and communications technologies now permit a variety of forms of remote working and the subsequent shifting of spatial and temporal boundaries between home, office and city. It examines the changing context within which knowledge-based work is conducted with the specific objective of understanding how the blurring of the distinction between the domains of “work” and “leisure” is influencing the notion of workplace culture. It offers a framework that organizes the key issues in a legible form.Design/methodology/approach– The paper draws on concepts, theories and ideas in workplace, information and communications technology and green building literature and restructures them to formulate an emerging set of key issues, trends and relationships.Findings– The paper identifies possible implications for both the changing nature of the workplace in current green building practice and understanding the notion of workplace within different national cultural contexts. It outlines implications for employees, employers and facilities managers.Research limitations/implications– The work represents an initial attempt to bridge across issues not immediately evident in several bodies of literature. While several other issues may also have bearing on the work, the findings with regards to the blurring of work and leisure have significant theoretical and practical implications.Practical implications– As the “workplace” now embraces a wide range of possibilities that extend beyond the domain of the “office” to the home and to a host of “hot-spots” in public venues available within the city, the broader framing has significant consequence for comfort provisioning and other services in the office buildings and facilities management.Originality/value– The paper’s originality derives from emphasizing the potential positive and negative consequences for employers, employees and facilities managers associated with the blurring of work and leisure.
Managing the workplace in a globalized world
Authors: B. Plijter Evelien , J.M. van der Voordt Theo , Rocco Roberto 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to provide a better insight into the role of national cultures on the management and design of workplaces of multinationals in different countries.

Design/methodology/approach
– This explorative study is based on an extensive literature review of dimensions of a national culture in connection to corporate real estate management, interviews with ten representatives of multinationals on corporate real estate strategies and workplace characteristics and a multiple case study of two multinational firms with site visits and observations at offices in The Netherlands, Germany and Great Britain.

Findings
– Whereas all interviewed companies had their real estate portfolio to some extent aligned to the local national culture, none had a strict central policy about this issue. Differences in workplace characteristics were mainly caused by the involvement of local people in workplace design. Using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, the case studies showed relationships between masculinity of a culture and the expression of status and between uncertainty avoidance and openness to innovation; however, no relationships were found related to differences in power distance and short-/long-term orientation.

Research limitations/implications
– The case studies were conducted in three European Union countries. Due to practical reasons, most interviewees were Dutch. Additional empirical research including more different national cultures is needed to advance more unequivocal conclusions and to develop a clear set of guidelines for decision-making.

Practical implications
– The findings stress the importance of finding a balance between aligning facilities to business purposes and meeting the needs of different (groups of) employees in multinational environments.

Originality/value
– Although much has been written about national culture, not much research is yet available in connection to facilities management and corporate real estate management.
K Bistro: a restaurant chooses the future
Authors: Hahn Leah , Swierenga Melissa , Millage Phil , Miller Adam , Streets Tim 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to study K Bistro and its future in Marion, Indiana. K Bistro is a new restaurant that opened in the spring of 2012. The owner, Chef David Kay, has extensive culinary experience. Originally from Marion, Indiana, he has served as head chef for Marriott and Hilton hotels across the country.

Design/methodology/approach
– Chef Kay recognized that there was a need for an upscale eatery in his hometown, and his passion for combining French cooking techniques with traditional Midwest cuisine has allowed him to introduce a new style of food to the area.

Findings
– While Marion has several fast food restaurants, it is typical for families to drive to neighboring cities when they want a nice meal to celebrate a special occasion. Chef Kay hopes to change this trend by offering a more convenient option to the Marion community.

Originality/value
– This is an original case study.
Exploring the performance effects of performance measurement system use in maintenance process
Authors: Tätilä Jaakko , Helkiö Pekka , Holmström Jan 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The intended function of performance measurement is to support the effective management of an organisation and the improvement of organisational performance. However, how performance measurement should be used operationally to support the achievement of improved performance is not self-evident. The purpose of this paper is to examine the operational use of performance measurement in practice and to describe how different use practices contribute to improved performance.Design/methodology/approach– The authors conducted an exploratory single case study in a maintenance process. Data were collected using a mixed methods approach that encompassed qualitative meetings and interviews (identification of usage practices) followed by a quantitative survey (elaboration of usage practices and their performance effects).Findings– Three usage practices are relevant: Inspect and Improve, Motivate, and Decision Making. Improved performance is best achieved through motivational and supportive improvement use. Furthermore, performance measurement systems must be designed properly to establish their use.Research limitations/implications– Being based on a single-case study, the identified usage practices may be limited to field service organisations or other organisations with similar organisational structures. The findings suggest opportunities for further research linking operational performance measurement system use and the body of knowledge on the design and purpose of performance measurement in maintenance processes.Practical implications– A performance measurement system can be used as a motivational improvement tool in operational level leadership. Upper level management must support its use by designing an understandable and applicable system.Originality/value– This paper identifies specific usage practices that contribute to improved performance, thereby providing a more detailed view than the usage categories found in the extant literature. The focus is on operational, rather than strategic, level management.