bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐performance alternating current electroluminescent layers solution blended with mechanically and electrically robust nonradiating polymers
Authors: Jo Seong Soon , Cho Sung Hwan , Kim Hae Jin , Nam Taewook , Hwang Ihn , Jung Seok‐Heon , Kim Richard Hahnkee , Velusamy Dhinesh Babu , Lee Ju Han , Park Taejoon , Lee Jin Kyun , Kim Dae‐Eun , Lee Hyungsuk , Kim Hyungjun , Park Cheolmin 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTOrganic and polymeric electroluminescent (EL) devices working under alternating current (AC) electricity have drawn technological attention due to their light‐emitting principles and have great potential for applications. In spite of recent advances in AC EL devices, mechanically robust, patternable full‐color emission layers with high brightness have rarely been demonstrated. In this manuscript, we report high‐performance full‐color AC EL devices with nonradiating polymers solution blended in fluorescent polymer emissive layers. Conventional nonradiating polymers such as poly(styrene) (PS) and poly(α‐methyl styrene) in an emissive layer enhanced the brightness of individual red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors to several thousand cd m−2. Systematic investigation revealed bi‐functional roles of PS not only as a diluting agent but also as an electron capturer. This resulted in the hole and electron carriers being balanced in the emissive layer, leading to improved power and current efficiency. Furthermore, our blended emission film consisting of 83 vol % PS is mechanically robust with excellent surface adhesion as well as uniformity, when combined with scratch‐tolerant AC device architecture, not only resulted in large area cell operation but also allowed for a solution‐based pattern‐mask process, giving rise to well‐defined R, G, and B cells individually addressable in a single device platform. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1629–1640
An authentication strategy based on spatiotemporal chaos for software copyright protection
Authors: Cao Lvchen , Luo Yuling , Bi Jinjie , Qiu Senhui , Lu Zhenkun , Harkin Jim , McDaid Liam 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn authentication strategy is proposed in this paper for embedded system software copyright protection. It employs a chaotic coupled map lattices (CML) system to generate the pseudo‐random numbers, which are used to construct message authentication codes (MAC) for embedded system authentication. The CML has multiple lattices where the adjacent lattices have coupled effect. When the system initial condition (e.g. lattice values and system parameters) has a marginal change, the output will have a significant change. Therefore, the proposed scheme is highly secure as the final MAC is almost impossible to be compromised. The experiment is conducted on the platform of field programmable gate array, and its corresponding results demonstrate that the proposed strategy achieved a good security performance, a high computing speed and a relatively low area overhead. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of the body in social cognition
Authors: Uithol Sebo , Gallese Vittorio 
Published: August 2015

In this review, we discuss the actual and active dependence of social cognitive processes on the body, i.e., that part of the organism beyond the central nervous system. In particular, we will discuss mirror mechanisms, and assess the extent to which the body is recruited during these processes. We show that for emotion mirroring, this dependency is well‐documented, but for action mirroring far less so. By reviewing these mechanisms and processes while contrasting body from brain, and social from general cognition, we show that both contrasts are arbitrary and problematic and that any study of cognitive processes, both social and general, should take the body into account. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:453–460. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1357This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Behavior
Neuroscience > Cognition
Neuroscience > Physiology
Failure rate, repair time and unscheduled O&M cost analysis of offshore wind turbines
Authors: Carroll James , McDonald Alasdair , McMillan David 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDetermining and understanding offshore wind turbine failure rates and resource requirement for repair are vital for modelling and reducing O&M costs and in turn reducing the cost of energy. While few offshore failure rates have been published in the past even less details on resource requirement for repair exist in the public domain. Based on ~350 offshore wind turbines throughout Europe this paper provides failure rates for the overall wind turbine and its sub‐assemblies. It also provides failure rates by year of operation, cost category and failure modes for the components/sub‐assemblies that are the highest contributor to the overall failure rate. Repair times, average repair costs and average number of technicians required for repair are also detailed in this paper. An onshore to offshore failure rate comparison is carried out for generators and converters based on this analysis and an analysis carried out in a past publication. The results of this paper will contribute to offshore wind O&M cost and resource modelling and aid in better decision making for O&M planners and managers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two CdII/CoII‐Imidazolate Coordination Polymers: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Stabilities, and Luminescent/Magnetic Properties
Authors: Mondal Suvendu Sekhar , Behrens Karsten , Kelling Alexandra , Nabein Hans‐Peter , Schilde Uwe , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCadmium(II) based 2D coordination polymer [Cd(L1)2(DMF)2] (1) (L1 = 4,5‐dicyano‐2‐methylimidazolate, DMF = N,N′‐dimethylformamide) and 2D cobalt(II)‐imidazolate framework [Co(L3)4] (2) (L3 = 4,5‐diamide‐2‐ethoxyimidazolate) were synthesized under solvothermal reaction conditions. The materials were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction measurement (PXRD) and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 has hexacoordinate CdII ions and forms a zigzag chain‐like coordination polymer structure, whereas compound 2 exhibits a 2D square grid type structure. The thermal stability analysis reveals that 2 showed an exceptional thermal stability up to 360 °C. Also, 2 maintained its fully crystalline integrity in boiling water as confirmed by PXRD. The solid state luminescent property of 1 was not observed at room temperature. Compound 2 showed an independent high spin central CoII atom.
Reactions of Titanocene and Zirconocene Complexes with ­Bis(tert‐butoxy)acetylene – Coordination and C–O Bond Cleavage
Authors: Altenburger Kai , Arndt Perdita , Spannenberg Anke , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The reactivity of the bis‐oxygen substituted alkyne bis(tert‐butoxy)acetylene (3) towards titanocene‐ and zirconocene complexes of btmsa [btmsa = bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene] was investigated. Those metallocenes with unsubstituted Cp ligands (Cp = η5‐cyclopentadienyl) afforded metallacyclopropenes by alkyne replacement, but only in low yields. The metallocenes bearing the sterically more demanding Cp* ligands (Cp* = η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) do not engage in replacement reactions with the alkyne 3. If titanocene monochloride is present in the reaction mixture of Cp2Ti(η2‐btmsa) with the alkyne 3, a rather unusual Calkyne–O bond cleavage occurs. The so‐formed acetylide moiety bridges two titanocene centres with an end‐on σ coordination to one of them and a π‐side‐on one to the other. This complex was investigated by X‐ray crystallography and temperature dependent NMR spectroscopy, revealing an unusual behavior.
Breast Cancer Risk Perceptions among Relatives of Women with Uninformative Negative BRCA1/2 Test Results: The Moderating Effect of the Amount of Shared Information
Authors: Himes Deborah O. , Clayton Margaret F. , Donaldson Gary W. , Ellington Lee , Buys Saundra S. , Kinney Anita Y. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe most common result of BRCA1/2 mutation testing when performed in a family without a previously identified mutation is an uninformative negative test result. Women in these families may have an increased risk for breast cancer because of mutations in non‐BRCA breast cancer predisposition genes, including moderate‐ or low‐risk genes, or shared environmental factors. Genetic counselors often encourage counselees to share information with family members, however it is unclear how much information counselees share and the impact that shared information may have on accuracy of risk perception in family members. We evaluated 85 sisters and daughters of women who received uninformative negative BRCA1/2 results. We measured accuracy of risk perception using a latent variable model where accuracy was represented as the correlation between perceived risk (indicators = verbal and quantitative measures) and calculated risk (indicators = Claus and BRCAPRO). Participants who reported more information was shared with them by their sister or mother about her genetic counseling session had greater accuracy of risk perception (0.707, p = 0.000) than those who reported little information was shared (0.326, p = 0.003). However, counselees shared very little information; nearly 20 % of family members reported their sister or mother shared nothing with them about her genetic counseling. Family members were generally not aware of the existence of a genetic counseling summary letter. Our findings underscore the need for effective strategies that facilitate counselees to share information about their genetic counseling sessions. Such communication may help their relatives better understand their cancer risks and enhance risk appropriate cancer prevention.
The impact of state policy on teen dating violence prevalence
Authors: Hoefer Richard , Black Beverly , Ricard Mark 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTeen dating violence (TDV) is a serious public health concern that is associated with many negative effects. Studies on TDV prevention most often focus on the evaluation of prevention programs in school and community settings. Much less is known about the effects of policy on TDV prevalence. This study tests a model to explain whether stronger laws regarding TDV, specifically civil protection orders, have an impact on TDV rates in states. Results show that stronger policy, Democratic party control of the governor's office, and higher state median income are associated with lower rates of TDV. This study provides solid information regarding the role of civil protection orders as a means of TDV prevention and adds to our knowledge of the efficacy of state‐level TDV policy. The information can lead to increased vigor on the part of advocates to strive for specific provisions in the law and to work for gubernatorial candidates who will support such laws.
3. Characteristics of Glioblastoma in Latino Americans
Authors: Yong W.H. , Shabihkhani M. , Telesca D. , Behbahanian Y. , Gupta D. , Pourtabatabaei N. 
Published: August 2015

Latino Americans are a rapidly growing ethnic group in the United States. The characteristics of glioblastoma in this population is poorly studied. We have evaluated the data of 47,540 glioblastoma patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute. This SEER data from 1973-2000 includes up to 13 cancer registries. For 2001 to 2011, the data has improved geographic coverage with 18 registries encompassing 28% of the U.S. population.Latinos have a lower incidence of GBM than non-Latino Whites. Gender distribution is similar. The total SEER data show that Latinos present slightly younger and have a higher incidence of giant cell glioblastoma and gliosarcoma than non-Latino Whites. Despite higher rates of radiation therapy, the one year survival rate (34.7%) for non-Latino White populations is less than for Latinos (39.0%, p <0.001). Subset analyses (2001-2011) of all the above parameters show similar results except for gliosarcoma incidence. A literature search does not identify MGMT or IDH1 data regarding Latino Americans.We have assessed 2 prognostic markers in 30 Latino glioblastoma patients. MGMT methylation is present in 24% and IDH1 mutation is found in 12.5%. Our preliminary data suggests that Latinos may have a greater incidence of MGMT unmethylated tumors. Younger age may possibly contribute to improved survival in Latinos but the underlying molecular basis is unresolved.
14. Pre-symptomatic detection of cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulation using tissue-engineered skin model derived from C9ORF72-FALS patients
Authors: Paré B. , Touzel-Deschênes L. , Lamontagne R. , Lamarre M-S. , Scott F-D. , Gaudet C. , Khuong H.T. , Dion P. , Saikali S. , Bouchard J-P. , Gould P.V. , Rouleau G. , Dupré N. , Berthod F. , Gros-Louis F. 
Published: August 2015

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset disease characterized by the selective degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord resulting in progressive paralysis and death. Current diagnosis of ALS is based on clinical assessment of related symptoms, which appear only late in the disease course after degeneration of a significant number of motor neurons. As a result, the identification and development of disease-modifying therapies is difficult, making ALS an incurable disease. Novel strategies for early diagnosis of ALS, to monitor disease progression and to assess response to existing and future treatments are urgently needed.Many neurological disorders, including ALS, are accompanied by skin changes that often precede the onset of neurological symptoms. We have developed a unique ALS tissue-engineered skin model (ALS-TES), derived from the cells of ALS patients, in order to study the earliest stages of ALS-related skin pathology. For each participant, two skin biopsies were collected using a 6-mm diameter punch biopsy. Tissue-engineered skin was then generated from isolated keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and examined by routine histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, as well as by confocal microscopy. The ALS-TES model presents a number of striking features including altered epidermal differentiation, abnormal dermo-epidermal junction, delamination, keratinocyte infiltration, collagen disorganization and cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions, which are not seen in skin models derived from healthy subjects. The same abnormal skin model changes were detected skin models derived from the cells of pre- symptomatic C9orf72-linked ALS patients carrying the GGGGCC DNA repeat expansion. Consequently, our ALS-TES skin model could represent a renewable source of human tissue to better understand the physiopathological mechanisms underlying this disease, including cytoplasmic TDP43 accumulation, and lead to better tools for early diagnosis and disease monitoring.
The all-diode-pumped laser system POLARIS – an experimentalist’s tool generating ultra-high contrast pulses with high energy
Authors: Hornung Marco , Liebetrau Hartmut , Seidel Andreas , Keppler Sebastian , Kessler Alexander , Körner Jörg , Hellwing Marco , Schorcht Frank , Klöpfel Diethard , Arunachalam Ajay K. , Becker Georg A. , Sävert Alexander , Polz Jens , Hein Joachim , Kaluza Malte C. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The development, the underlying technology and the current status of the fully diode-pumped solid-state laser system POLARIS is reviewed. Currently, the POLARIS system delivers 4 J energy, 144 fs long laser pulses with an ultra-high temporal contrast of

$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}5\times 10^{12}$

for the ASE, which is achieved using a so-called double chirped-pulse amplification scheme and cross-polarized wave generation pulse cleaning. By tightly focusing, the peak intensity exceeds

$3.5\times 10^{20}\ \mathrm{W\ cm}^{-2}$

. These parameters predestine POLARIS as a scientific tool well suited for sophisticated experiments, as exemplified by presenting measurements of accelerated proton energies. Recently, an additional amplifier has been added to the laser chain. In the ramp-up phase, pulses from this amplifier are not yet compressed and have not yet reached the anticipated energy. Nevertheless, an output energy of

$16.6\ \mathrm{J}$

has been achieved so far.
Groundwater salinisation in the Wadden Sea area of the Netherlands: quantifying the effects of climate change, sea-level rise and anthropogenic interferences
Authors: Pauw P. , de Louw P.G.B. , Essink G.H.P. Oude 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHydrogeological research in coastal areas has gained considerable attention over the last decades due to increasing stresses on fresh groundwater resources. Fundamental groundwater flow and solute transport analyses remain essential for a concise understanding of the governing processes that lead to salinisation of fresh groundwater resources. However, the challenge of modern research is the application and quantification of these processes in real world cases. In this context, deltaic areas are amongst the most difficult study areas as they often have a complex groundwater salinity distribution. The Wadden Sea area in the northern part of the Netherlands is an example of such an area.We quantified salt water intrusion and salinisation of groundwater flow systems in two representative case studies in the Wadden Sea area, using the density dependent groundwater flow and transport code M0CDENS3D. The results indicate that sea-level rise and autonomous processes will cause severe salinisation in the future, especially in the low polder areas close to the sea. In addition, we show that enhanced land subsidence due to salt exploitation accelerates this process. Salinisation can be mitigated to some extent by raising surface water levels in polders and by creating saline groundwater collection areas that maintain a low controlled water level.
Changing the Nexus: The Evolution and Renegotiation of Venture Capital Contracts
Authors: Bengtsson Ola , Sensoy Berk A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe study the evolution and renegotiation of the cash-flow rights that venture capitalists (VCs) obtain in their portfolio companies. When company performance between financing rounds is poor, subsequent contracts contain stronger VC cash-flow rights, and existing VCs tend to either give new VCs senior claims or forfeit their existing rights altogether. These results are consistent with the importance of financing problems between different VCs and with theory predicting that financing frictions worsen with poor performance. A consequence is that VC cash-flow rights are frequently significantly diluted before exit, implying that VC investments are riskier than previously estimated.
Iphigenia at Aulis: Characterization and Psychology in Euripides
Authors: Lawrence S. E. 
Published: August 2015

Perhaps the most intriguing feature of Euripides'Iphigenia at Aulisis the tendency of the characters to alter their attitudes towards the human sacrifice. Menelaus and Iphigenia (and even Achilles, it would appear) each undergo a single but remarkable change of mind, while Agamemnon displays so much confusion and uncertainty in adjusting his attitudes that it is not perfectly clear just how many times he actually changes his mind. These about-faces are not merely responses to changing circumstances or fresh information; rather they dramatize in an unusually arresting fashion a characteristically Euripidean psychology that emphasizes those forces or tendencies, both inside and outside the mind, that work to disrupt or even preclude the moral, intellectual or psychological integration of the character.Now although this psychology typifies Euripidean drama in general in varying degrees, it would appear to take a more extreme form in theI.A.than in much earlier plays such asMedeaorHippolytus. We shall find it of some interest then, after examining closely the characterization and psychology of this late play, to hazard a number of necessarily brief comparisons with some earlier plays and also with Sophoclean drama.
Understanding beginners' mistakes with Haskell
Authors: TIRRONEN VILLE , UUSI-MÄKELÄ SAMUEL , ISOMÖTTÖNEN VILLE 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article presents an overview of student difficulties in an introductory functional programming (FP) course taught in Haskell. The motivation for this study stems from our belief that many student difficulties can be alleviated by understanding the underlying causes of errors and by modifying the educational approach and, possibly, the teaching language accordingly. We analyze students' exercise submissions and categorize student errors according to compiler error messages and then manually according to the observed underlying cause. Our study complements earlier studies on the topic by applying computer and manual analysis while focusing on providing descriptive statistics of difficulties specific to FP languages. We conclude that the majority of student errors, regardless of cause, are reported by three different compiler error messages that are not well understood by students. In addition, syntactic features, such as precedence, the syntax of function application, and deeply nested statements, cause difficulties throughout the course.
Post-Tsunami Medical Care: Health Problems Encountered in the International Committee of the Red Cross Hospital in Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Redwood-Campbell Lynda J. , Riddez Louis 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroduction:When the Tsunami struck Asia on 26 December 2004, Aceh, Indonesia suffered more damage than did any other region. After the Tsunami, many humanitarian organizations provided aid in Aceh. For example, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), along with the Indonesian and Norwegian Red Cross opened a field hospital in Banda Aceh on 16 January 2005. This study describes the illnesses seen in the out-patient department/casualty department (OPD/CD) of the ICRC hospital nine weeks after the Tsunami. It describes the percentage of people seen for problems directly related to the Tsunami, and includes a basic screening for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Methods:A prospective, five-day study was performed from 01–05 March 2005. Patients registering in the ICRC field hospital in Banda Aceh were considered for the study. Data collected included: (1) age; (2) gender; (3) diagnosis in the OPD/CD; and (4) whether or not the problem was related directly to the Tsunami. Seven basic questions were asked to screen for depression and PTSD symptoms.Results:Twelve percent of the problems seen in the OPD/CD nine weeks after the Tsunami still were related directly to the Tsunami. Sixty-three percent of patients in the study were male. The medical problems included: (1) urological (19%); (2) digestive (16%); (3) respiratory (12%); and (4) musculoskeletal (12%). Although <2% of patients were diagnosed with a mental health problem, 24% had at least four or more of the seven depression/PTSD symptoms addressed in the study.Conclusions:Post-earthquake and post-tsunami health problems and medical needs differ from those found in conflict zones. After the Tsunami, both surgical and primary healthcare teams were needed. Many problems were chronic medical problems, which may be indicative of the lack of healthcare infrastructure before the Tsunami. The findings suggest that mental health issues must be taken into consideration for future planning. The ethical issues of performing research in complex emergencies also need further development at the international level.