bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment time, outcome, and anchorage loss comparisons of self-ligating and conventional brackets
Authors: Machibya Ferdinand M. , Bao Xingfu , Zhao Lihua , Hu Min 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare the treatment time, outcome, and anchorage loss among orthodontic patients treated by self-ligating brackets (SLBs) and conventional brackets (CBs).

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective cohort study compared 34 patients (SLB group) treated by SmartClip brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) to 35 patients (CB group) treated by conventional preadjusted Victory series brackets (3M Unitek) and ligated by stainless steel wire ligatures. Pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) lateral cephalograms were traced and analyzed using Pancherz sagittal-occlusion analysis to obtain skeletal and dental changes in the maxilla and the mandible. The dental cast models were assessed by the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index for the treatment outcomes.

Results:
The mean treatment time for SLBs (19.19 months) did not show a statistically significant difference from 21.25 months of CBs; the treatment time and pretreatment PAR scores were strongly correlated. There was no difference in anchorage loss between the SLB and CB groups. There were significant dental and skeletal changes among adolescent orthodontic patients regardless of the bracket used. The lingual inclination of the mandibular incisors in the CB group was 3.62° more than in the SLB group (P &lt; .01).

Conclusions:
The treatment time and anchorage loss are not influenced by the type of bracket used. There are significant dental and skeletal changes among adolescent orthodontic patients regardless of the bracket used. There is significantly greater lingual inclination of mandibular incisors in the CB group than in the SLB group.
Coverings and dimensions in infinite profinite groups
Authors: Maga Peter 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Answering a question of Miklós Abért, we prove that an infinite profinite group cannot be the union of less than continuum many translates of a compact subset of box dimension less than 1. Furthermore, we show that it is consistent with the axioms of set theory that in any infinite profinite group there exists a compact subset of Hausdorff dimension 0 such that one can cover the group by less than continuum many translates of it.
Relationship between the decrease of degree of polymerisation of cellulose and the loss of groundwood pulp paper mechanical properties during accelerated ageing
Authors: Vizárová Katarína , Kirschnerová Soňa , Kačík František , Briškárová Anna , Šutý Štefan , Katuščák Svetozár 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDuring natural ageing, paper undergoes colour changes and becomes brittle. It is mainly due to the degradation of cellulose, the main component of paper fibres. From the viewpoint of conservation/protection of paper-based information carriers, as well as of the utilisation of secondary fibres, knowledge of the impact of a decrease of the degree of polymerisation (DP) of cellulose on mechanical properties of paper becomes of key importance. In this paper, correlations between the decrease of DP of cellulose and the loss of paper folding endurance (FE) using three model samples (pure cellulose, groundwood pulp paper, and degraded groundwood pulp paper) at accelerated ageing were investigated. The existence of such correlations between DP and FE is supported by experimental results; the correlations are linear for pure cellulose and groundwood pulp paper ageing, while exponential correlation was observed in case of degraded groundwood pulp paper. The results indicate that the rate of paper degradation can be evaluated by means of the rate of glycosidic bonds breaking in cellulosic polymer chains both for cellulose and groundwood pulp paper.
Patient Reports of: Lifestyle Advice in Primary Care
Authors: Brauer Paula M. , Sergeant Lee Anne , Davidson Bridget , Goy Rick , Dietrich Linda 
Published: August 2012

Purpose: Patients’ perceptions of preventive lifestyle in primary care practice were examined. Methods: Practice was assessed with a modified version of the Primary Care Assessment Survey (PCAS). This was mailed to random samples of patients twice, using practice mailing lists from three Ontario Family Health Networks (FHNs). Family Health Networks are physician-based group practices, with additional nurse-led telephone advisory services to provide care 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The PCAS questionnaire consisted of nine scales (ranging from 0 to 100). For preventive counselling, additional questions on diet and exercise counselling were included to determine how the physician delivered the intervention. Results: Of the 2184 survey questionnaires mailed to patients, 22% were undeliverable. The response rate was 62% at valid addresses (49% of all mailed questionnaires). Of the nine scales, scores (± standard deviation) for preventive counselling were lowest at 33 ± 25. In particular, rates of diet (37%) and exercise (24%) counselling were low in the FHNs. For most other aspects of primary care services, patients generally rated FHNs highly. The majority of patients advised about diet and exercise were given verbal advice or pamphlets. Conclusions: In these primary health care organizations, considerable room exists for increased preventive counselling, especially about diet and exercise.
Household Food Insecurity and Canadian Aboriginal Women’s: Self-efficacy in Food Preparation
Authors: Mercille Genevieve , Receveur Olivier , Potvin Louise 
Published: August 2012

Purpose: Determinants of self-efficacy related to food preparation using store-bought food were examined in women belonging to the Atikamekw Nation. Also examined was whether self-efficacy was associated with household food insecurity. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 107 women responsible for household food supplies. Two selfefficacy scores were calculated, one for healthy food preparation and one for food preparation in general. Household food insecurity was measured with an adapted version of the United States Food Security Core Module. The other variables were household composition, income sources, food supplies, tobacco use, participants’ health status, and lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze associations between self-efficacy and household food insecurity in 99 participants. Results: Severe household food insecurity was associated with significantly lower healthy food preparation scores in Atikamekw women. Other associated variables were food supplies, marital status, alcohol consumption, weight status, and understanding of the native language. Conclusions: Application of the concept of self-efficacy contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing food preparation in Atikamekw women. In this study, self-efficacy in healthy food preparation was linked to food insecurity and obesity, particularly in the most serious cases. Efforts to improve diet will require not only behavioural interventions, but public policies.
Hospital care of childhood traumatic brain injury in the United States, 1997–2009: a neurosurgical perspective
Authors: Piatt Joseph H. , Neff Daniel A. 
Published: August 2012

Object
The goal in this paper was to study hospital care for childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a nationwide population base.

Methods
Data were acquired from the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) for the years 1997, 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009. Admission for TBI was defined by any ICD-9-CM diagnostic code for TBI. Admission for severe TBI was defined by a principal diagnostic code for TBI and a procedural code for mechanical ventilation; admissions ending in discharge home alive in less than 4 days were excluded.

Results
Estimated raw and population-based rates of admission for all TBI, for severe TBI, for death from severe TBI, and for major and minor neurosurgical procedures fell steadily during the study period. Median hospital charges for severe TBI rose steadily, even after adjustment for inflation, but estimated nationwide hospital charges were stable. Among 14,932 actual admissions for severe TBI captured in the KID, case mortality was stable through the study period, at 23.9%.
In a multivariate analysis, commercial insurance (OR 0.86, CI 0.77–0.95; p = 0.004) and white race (OR 0.78, CI 0.70–0.87; p < 0.0005) were associated with lower mortality rates, but there was no association between these factors and commitment of resources, as measured by hospital charges or rates of major procedures. Increasing median income of home ZIP code was associated with higher hospital charges and higher rates of major and minor procedures. Only 46.8% of admissions for severe TBI were coded for a neurosurgical procedure of any kind. Fewer admissions were coded for minor neurosurgical procedures than anticipated, and the state-by-state variance in rates of minor procedures was twice as great as for major procedures. Possible explanations for the “missing ICP monitors” are discussed.

Conclusions
Childhood brain trauma is a shrinking sector of neurosurgical hospital practice. Racial and economic disparities in mortality rates were confirmed in this study, but they were not explained by available metrics of resource commitment. Vigilance is required to continue to supply neurosurgical expertise to the multidisciplinary care process.
Radiation-associated meningiomas in children: clinical, pathological, and cytogenetic characteristics with a critical review of the literature
Authors: Elbabaa Samer K. , Gokden Murat , Crawford John R. , Kesari Santosh , Saad Ali G. 
Published: August 2012

Object
Radiation-associated meningiomas (RAMs) arise after treatment with radiation to the cranium and are recognized as clinically separate from sporadic meningiomas. Compared with their sporadic counterparts, RAMs are often aggressive or malignant, likely to be multiple, and have a high recurrence rate. However, limited information exists about the clinical, pathological, and cytogenetic features of RAMs in pediatric patients. The authors report the findings in 9 children with meningiomas following therapeutic radiation to the cranium. In addition, they performed a critical review of the English language literature on pediatric RAMs.

Methods
Medical files were searched for patients who demonstrated meningiomas after a history of radiation to the brain. Only those patients in whom a meningioma occurred before the age of 18 years were included in this study. Clinical and demographic data along with the MIB-1 labeling index and cytogenetic studies were evaluated.

Results
The patients consisted of 5 males and 4 females with a median age of 5 years (range 2–10 years) at radiation therapy. The latency period was a median of 10 years after radiation therapy (range 6–13 years). The MIB-1 labeling index was a median of 6.6% (range 4%–10%). Five patients (55.6%) displayed multiple meningiomas at the first presentation. Histological types included clear cell meningioma in 1 patient, fibroblastic meningioma in 2, chordoid meningioma in 2, meningothelial meningioma in 7 (atypical in 2 cases), xanthomatous meningioma in 1, and chordoid meningioma in 1. Cytogenetic studies showed that the loss of 22q12.2 was the most common abnormality (3 patients), followed by complex cytogenetic abnormalities (2 patients) and rearrangements between chromosomes 1 and 12 (1 patient) and a 1p deletion (1 patient).

Conclusions
In contrast to RAMs occurring in adults, those in pediatric patients show an increased incidence of multiplicity on first presentation and unusual histological variants, some of which are described here for the first time. There was no difference in the MIB-1 labeling index in children with RAMs as compared with that in children with non-RAMs.
Surgical treatment of sacral metastases: indications and results
Authors: Feiz-Erfan Iman , Fox Benjamin D. , Nader Remi , Suki Dima , Chakrabarti Indro , Mendel Ehud , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Rao Ganesh , Rhines Laurence D. 
Published: August 2012

Object
Hematogenous metastases to the sacrum can produce significant pain and lead to spinal instability. The object of this study was to evaluate the palliative benefit of surgery in patients with these metastases.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed all cases involving patients undergoing surgery for metastatic disease to the sacrum at a single tertiary cancer center between 1993 and 2005.

Results
Twenty-five patients (21 men, 4 women) were identified as having undergone sacral surgery for hematogenous metastatic disease during the study period. Their median age was 57 years (range 25–71 years). The indications for surgery included palliation of pain (in 24 cases), need for diagnosis (in 1 case), and spinal instability (in 3 cases). The most common primary disease was renal cell carcinoma.
Complications occurred in 10 patients (40%). The median overall survival was 11 months (95% CI 5.4–16.6 months). The median time from the initial diagnosis to the diagnosis of metastatic disease in the sacrum was 14 months (95% CI 0.0–29.3 months). The numerical pain scores (scale 0–10) were improved from a median of 8 preoperatively to a median of 3 postoperatively at 90 days, 6 months, and 1 year (p < 0.01). Postoperative modified Frankel grades improved in 8 cases, worsened in 3 (due to disease progression), and remained unchanged in 14 (p = 0.19). Among patients with renal cell carcinoma, the median overall survival was better in those in whom the sacrum was the sole site of metastatic disease than in those with multiple sites of metastatic disease (16 vs 9 months, respectively; p = 0.053).

Conclusions
Surgery is effective to palliate pain with acceptable morbidity in patients with metastatic disease to the sacrum. In the subgroup of patients with renal cell carcinoma, those with the sacrum as their solitary site of metastatic disease demonstrated improved survival.
Interleukin 28B Genetic Polymorphisms Play a Minor Role in Identifying Optimal Treatment Duration in HCV Genotype 1 Slow Responders to Pegylated Interferon plus Ribavirin
Authors: Liu Chen-Hua , Liang Cheng-Chao , Liu Chun-Jen , Tseng Tai-Chung , Lin Chih-Lin , Yang Sheng-Shun , Su Tung-Hung , Lin Jou-Wei , Chen Jun-Herng , Chen Pei-Jer , Chen Ding-Shinn , Kao Jia-Horng 
Published: August 2012

Background Pegylated interferon and ribavirin for 72 weeks improve sustained virological response (SVR) in HCV genotype 1 (HCV-1) slow viral responders. Whether interleukin 28B (IL28B) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and on-treatment viral responses can identify non-rapid virological response (RVR) patients who benefit from 48 or 72 weeks of therapy remains unclear. Methods Treatment-naive HCV-1 patients who failed to achieve RVR were randomly assigned to receive 48 ( n=168) or 72 ( n=167) weeks of therapy. Baseline factors and on-treatment virological responses at weeks 8 and 12 were evaluated for SVR in 289 compliant patients who received ≥80% of drug dosages and treatment duration, and had end of follow-up viral response. The stratified SVR rates for independent factors were compared by treatment duration. Results Treatment duration, IL28B rs8099917 genotypes, cirrhosis, week-8 viral response (undetectable HCV RNA at treatment week 8) and complete early virological response (cEVR) predicted SVR. In week-8 viral response patients, the SVR rates of 72-week and 48-week treatment were similar (75–88%), regardless of IL28B SNP genotypes or cirrhosis. In non-week-8 viral response patients who achieved cEVR, the SVR rate of 72-week treatment was higher than that of 48-week treatment for non-cirrhotic patients, regardless of IL28B SNP genotypes (91–100% versus 13–44%; P=0.001). Conclusions Although IL28B SNP genotypes predict SVR, they play a minor role when on-treatment viral responses are taken into consideration. On-treatment viral responses at weeks 8 and 12 are the key determinants to decide the optimal treatment duration in HCV-1 patients without RVR.
L'impact de la culture sur l'esprit d'entreprendre
Authors: Thurik Roy , Dejardin Marcus 
Published: August 2012

L’article rend compte de trois approches théoriques établissant un cadre d’analyse pour l’examen des rapports entre culture et entrepreneuriat. Ces trois approches sont respectivement : l’approche par l’agrégation des traits psychologiques, celle de la légitimation sociale (ou approbation morale) et enfin, l’approche reposant sur l’insatisfaction. On évoque ensuite les tests empiriques. L’article se conclut par quelques considérations à l’adresse du « policy maker ».
Explicit Models for Threefolds Fibred by K3 Surfaces of Degree Two
Authors: Thompson Alan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe consider threefolds that admit a fibration by K3 surfaces over a nonsingular curve, equipped with a divisorial sheaf that defines a polarization of degree two on the general fibre. Under certain assumptions on the threefold we show that its relative log canonical model exists and can be explicitly reconstructed from a small set of data determined by the original fibration. Finally, we prove a converse to this statement: under certain assumptions, any such set of data determines a threefold that arises as the relative log canonical model of a threefold admitting a fibration by K3 surfaces of degree two.
Competências empreendedoras em Instituições de Ensino Superior: estudo de caso
Authors: Schmitz Ana Lucia Ferraresi , Lapolli Edis Mafra 
Published: August 2012

Esta pesquisa teve como foco identificar as competências empreendedoras na Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (UTL), que possui uma estrutura organizacional compartimentada em faculdades e institutos, caracterizando-se como organização burocrática e hierarquizada, onde, o empreendedorismo torna-se um desafio para seus membros docentes, investigadores e gestores. Para o caminho metodológico desta investigação adotou-se estudo fenomenológico e pesquisa de campo, com abordagem qualitativa, em que a discussão do assunto e a forma do desenvolvimento são novas e originais, contando com revisão sistemática orientada pelo Cochrane Handbook, realizada no Portal da Capes. Na pesquisa de campo, adotou-se o método de entrevistas presenciais semiestruturadas com foco em comportamento. Consideraram-se, nas informações obtidas pelos entrevistados e as descrições com os detalhes do comportamento. Essas informações permitiram o conhecimento das competências empreendedoras exercidas para alavancar o Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão (ISEG), que tem se mantido como um dos diferenciais da UTL e para a própria sociedade portuguesa.
Polymeric Micelles
Authors: Du Jianzhong , Lu Hang 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Macromolecular self‐assembly has provided a good means by which to selectively assemble polymers into well‐defined nanostructures such as polymeric micelles, vesicles, and other morphologies. The polymeric micelles are good candidates for the application in drug delivery, gene delivery, and nanoreactors. In this review, the basic concepts and the recent advances in the preparation and application of polymeric micelles are presented. Polymeric micelles that respond to external stimuli such as pH, temperature, redox, and light, to afford a change in structure, morphology, or controlled release event are also introduced. Finally, we summarize the current limitations and the perspective in the preparation and application of polymeric micelles.

This video details technique to template nanoscale morphologies formed by block copolymers:
micellar
(left) and
vesicular
(right) structures can be generated by tuning the ratio of their hydrophobic (red) to hydrophilic (gray) parts.

Block‐copolymers form micellar (left) and vesicular (right) morphologies by tuning the ratio of their hydrophobic (red) to hydrophilic (gray) parts.

media object

Block‐copolymers form micellar (left) and vesicular (right) morphologies by tuning the ratio of their hydrophobic (red) to hydrophilic (gray) parts.
TiN Nanofibers: A New Material with High Conductivity and Transmittance for Transparent Conductive Electrodes
Authors: Li Heping , Pan Wei , Zhang Wei , Huang Siya , Wu Hui 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMotivated by the rising cost of tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO), the search for new transparent electrode materials to replace ITO is ongoing. TiN exhibits high electric conductivity, however, it is generally non‐transparent. Here, nanostructured TiN fiber patterns are synthesized on quartz glass and the resulting materials have a combination of high electric conductivity and optical transparency. A low sheet resistance of 15.8 Ohm sq−1 at 84% transparency is achieved on TiN nanofiber arrayed quartz glass. The achievements show a successful integration of electric and optical properties in ceramic nanofibers and provide a method for finding new materials to replace traditional ITO‐based transparent electrodes.
Charge Disproportionation and Voltage‐Induced Metal–Insulator Transitions Evidenced in β‐PbxV2O5 Nanowires
Authors: Marley Peter M. , Stabile Adam A. , Kwan Chun Pui , Singh Sujay , Zhang Peihong , Sambandamurthy G. , Banerjee Sarbajit 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe roster of materials exhibiting metal–insulator transitions with sharply discontinuous switching of electrical conductivity close to room temperature remains rather sparse, despite the fundamental interest in the electronic instabilities manifested in such materials and the plethora of potential technological applications ranging from frequency‐agile metamaterials to electrochromic coatings and Mott field‐effect transistors. Here, unprecedented, pronounced metal‐insulator transitions induced by application of a voltage are demonstrated for nanowires of a vanadium oxide bronze with intercalated divalent cations, β‐PbxV2O5 (x ≈ 0.33). The induction of the phase transition through application of an electric field at room temperature makes this system particularly attractive and viable for technological applications. A mechanistic basis for the phase transition is proposed based on charge disproportionation evidenced at room temperature in near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy measurements, ab initio density functional theory calculations of the band structure, and electrical transport data, suggesting that transformation to the metallic state is induced by melting of specific charge localization and ordering motifs extant in these materials.
Highly Oriented Nanofibrils of Regioregular Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Formed via Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly in Liquid Crystals
Authors: Tong Xia , Han Dehui , Fortin Daniel , Zhao Yue 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA novel method making use of block copolymer self‐assembly in nematic liquid crystals (LCs) is described for preparing macroscopically oriented nanofibrils of π‐conjugated semiconducting polymers. Upon cooling, a diblock copolymer composed of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) in a block‐selective LC solvent can self‐assemble into oriented nanofibrils exhibiting highly anisotropic absorption and polarized photoluminescence emission. An unusual feature of the nanofibrils is that P3HT chains are oriented along the fibrils' long axis. This general method makes it possible to use LCs as an anisotropic medium to grow oriented nanofibrils of many semiconducting polymers insoluble in LCs.