bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beliefs and attitudes about opioid prescribing and chronic pain management: Survey of primary care providers
Authors: Jamison, PhD Robert N. , Sheehan, BA Kerry Anne , Scanlan, NP Elizabeth , Matthews, PharmD Michele , Ross, MD Edgar L. 
Published: December 2014

Objective: There is growing concern of medication misuse and noncompliance among patients with chronic pain prescribed opioids for pain. The aim of this survey was to obtain information from primary care providers (PCPs) about their perception of prescribing opioids for patients with chronic pain.Methods: PCPs were invited to complete a packet of questionnaires about attitudes and concerns about opioids for chronic pain. These questionnaires included 1) General Health Questionnaire, 2) Test of Opioid Knowledge (TOK), 3) Opioid Therapy Provider Survey, and 4) Concerns About Analgesic Prescription Questionnaire.Results: Fifty-six (N = 56) PCPs from eight centers participated in this study. In general, the PCPs showed adequate opioid knowledge on the KOT and their general health was unrelated to prescription attitudes. Most expressed concern about medication misuse (89 percent) and felt that managing patients with chronic pain was stressful (84 percent). Most were worried about addiction (82 percent) and less than half felt that they were sufficiently trained in prescribing opioids (46 percent). Younger providers felt more reluctant to prescribe opioids, experienced more stress in managing patients with pain, had less overall confidence in managing patients with pain, and worried more about opioid dependence than older providers (p < 0.05). Younger providers were also less knowledgeable about opioids, but opioid knowledge was not found to be related to concerns about analgesic prescriptions.Conclusion: This study indicates a general concern and reluctance of primary care physicians to manage the prescribing of opioids among their patients with chronic pain and younger providers expressed more concern about opioids than older providers.
Exogenic Adenomyoma of the Cervix: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Jing Baihua , Peng Ze , Chen Junya , Zhou Yingfang 
Published: December 2014

Purpose Exogenic adenomyoma of the cervix is very rare. To date, very few cases have been reported, and the presentation and diagnosis are not clear. The aim of this study was to present 2 cases of exogenic adenomyoma of the cervix and summarize what is known about this disease by conducting a literature review of reported findings. Methods The clinical data from 2 cases of women with exogenic adenomyoma of the cervix admitted to Peking University First Hospital were analyzed retrospectively, and a systematic literature review was carried out. Results In our cases, exogenic adenomyoma of the cervix presented as a mass with mixed solid and cystic lesions in the pelvis and could not be separated from the cervix. Postoperative examination of the surgical specimen using pathological tests confirmed the tumors were composed of a proliferation of endocervical glands and smooth muscle, based on which exogenic adenomyoma of the cervix was confirmed. Conclusions Exogenic adenomyoma of the cervix should be considered in the diagnosis, in cases of mixed solid and cystic pelvic masses found in close relationship with the cervix.
Development of a Symptom-Based, Screening Tool for Early-Stage Endometriosis in Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: Yeung Patrick , Bazinet Caroline , Gavard Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2014

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a noninvasive screening tool for patients with chronic pelvic pain, for early-stage endometriosis, with a discriminatory ability of the area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve of over 0.8. Methods Participants were women aged 13-55 years, with chronic pelvic pain (for more than 6 months despite medical therapy), seen at the Saint Louis University Center for Endometriosis, from January 2012 to June 2013, who were found to have early-stage endometriosis or not, based on histology. All patients received the same surgical approach and goal of surgery, which was excision of all visible abnormal peritoneum. Potential variables used for generating the screening tool came from the pre-operative questionnaire with standard pain symptoms and quality-of-life questions. Individual categorical variables were tested. In addition, new binary variables were created to test specific combinations of answers to 2 individual questions. A backwards-stepping multiple logistic regression model was used to develop the screening tool. Results Ninety patients found to have early-stage disease completed pre-operative surveys. Of these, 70 (77.8%) had histologically confirmed endometriosis and 20 (22.2%) were confirmed not to be affected. Combinations of 2 variables made it possible to create a predictive model for early-stage endometriosis with excellent discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.822, p<0.001). This model was generated using a multi-staged, backwards stepping logistic regression analysis with all variables that were univariately significant included in the initial model (p<0.025). The final model had 80.5% sensitivity and 57.7% specificity. The model allows for an individual probability of disease to be calculated for each patient. Conclusions A clinically useful, symptom-based screening tool was developed for early-stage endometriosis in patients with chronic pelvic pain seen at a referral center. This approach to developing a screening tool for endometriosis should be tested further.
The Host’s Dilemma: Game Theory and Homeric Hospitality
Authors: Tracy Catherine 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The Homeric hospitality system depicts extraordinary risk and trust. Although ethnographic comparisons with similar systems in contemporary non-industrialized societies lend some credence to these exchanges, some aspects appear implausible. Recent advances in game theory, which mathematically represents systems of cooperation, suggest that self-interested strangers (as are many of the characters depicted in Homeric hospitality scenes) can plausibly build cooperative communities with long-term viability. Recognizing such patterns of human competitive strategies in Homer adds support for the historicity of the relational aspects of the Homeric epics.
Thinking anew about Lavinia
Authors: Behr Francesca D’alessandro 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper I consider Ursula Le Guin’s characterization of Lavinia in her novel Lavinia, a free rendition of Virgil’s last six books of the Aeneid. Virgil’s description of Lavinia’s blush (A. 12.54-80) and performance of religious duties (A. 7.71-72) will be presented as crucial passages which display the novelist’s reflection on the dynamics of the original scenes and on peculiar verbs, nouns, and adjectives, which in turn have been the focus of the attention of insightful interpreters of Virgil such as Lyne, Johnson, Dyson, and Putnam.
Tussen ‘gele kaart’ en omzettingswetgeving
Authors: Steunenberg B. 
Published: December 2014

Tussen ‘gele kaart’ en omzettingswetgeving. De veranderde rol van het Nederlandse parlement in Europa
Wat is de invloed van de aanzwellende stroom van Europese wetgeving op het functioneren van het Nederlandse parlement? In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op die veranderingen aan de hand van verschillende rollen die ons nationale parlement kan hebben in het bredere Europese beleidsproces. Daarbij wordt onderscheid gemaakt tussen de rol van ‘lobbyist’ en ‘netwerker’, ‘waakhond’ en, ten slotte, ‘beleidsregisseur’. Die rollen worden verder verkend waarbij opvalt dat in de afgelopen jaren het parlement meer aandacht is gaan besteden aan ex-ante vormen van politieke controle. Dat is positief omdat daarmee Europese beleidsvoorstellen ook in het Nederlandse debat aandacht krijgen. Tegelijkertijd krijgen door de verschuiving vraagstukken rondom de uitvoering van Europees beleid minder aandacht. Dat zou kunnen worden versterkt omdat ontoereikend beleid een overtuigend argument oplevert om, met andere lidstaten, Europa tot verandering te verleiden.
De stelling
Authors: Helder E. 
Published: December 2014

De stelling. De Aanwijzingen 6 en 7 van de Aanwijzingen voor de regelgeving, die verlangen dat niet tot nieuwe regelingen wordt besloten dan nadat de noodzaak daarvan is komen vast te staan en nadat alternatieven voor wetgeving gewogen en te licht bevonden zijn, zijn een dode letter gebleken.
Uit een oogpunt van kenbaarheid van de onderliggende afwegingen is het nodig dat Ar 6 en 7 in perfecte harmonie met Ar 211 en 212 worden nageleefd. Wat heeft het parlement als medewetgever en wat hebben justitiabelen aan een wel in het voortraject, ergens in de black box, gemaakte afweging van de nuloptie en van alternatieven, zonder dat deze kenbaar is verwoord? Gelet op de bevindingen van Actal dat het kabinet de regeldrukgevolgen niet goed en volledig in beeld brengt voor wetsvoorstellen waarvoor die gevolgen waarschijnlijk groot zijn, zijn Ar 6 en 7 in ieder geval in zoverre een dode letter. Maar gevreesd moet worden dat die niet-naleving ook in ruimere zin nogal problematisch is. Hoog tijd voor revitalisering van Ar 6 en 7!
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Problem-Solving Processes through Employee Motivation and Involvement
Authors: Chlpeková Andrea , Večeřa Pavel , Šurinová Yulia 
Published: December 2014

The 8D method is a complex tool for solving problems of significant scale which are hard for individuals to solve and involve solutions which require extra resources. However, several problems have been detected in the method of 8D's usage in modern organizations. The main aim of this paper is to define critical factors which lead to the demotivation of problem-solving teams. The primary aim of this research is to empirically investigate the current state of the usage of 8D in Slovak enterprises, including the context of employees' motivation and involvement; to identify opportunities for improvement of the implementation of 8D by increasing the involvement and motivation of problem-solving teams as well as the proper usage of the methodology. Questionnaires were issued to industrial enterprises operating in Slovakia. Data from the research were used to propose ways for industrial enterprises to increase their 8D effectiveness by setting the right performance indicators and the way to integrate these indicators into the motivation system. The question to be answered is how to effectively use the intellectual capital of problem-solving teams and increase employees' satisfaction in the broader context of the improvement of the effectiveness of problem-solving methodology.
Remote Sensing of Earth's Limb by TIMED/GUVI: Retrieval of thermospheric composition and temperature
Authors: Meier R. R. , Picone J. M. , Drob D. , Bishop J. , Emmert J. T. , Lean J. L. , Stephan A. W. , Strickland D. J. , Christensen A. B. , Paxton L. J. , Morrison D. , Kil H. , Wolven B. , Woods Thomas N. , Crowley G. , Gibson S. T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) onboard the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite senses far ultraviolet emissions from O and N2 in the thermosphere. Transformation of far ultraviolet radiances measured on the Earth limb into O, N2, and O2 number densities and temperature quantifies these responses and demonstrates the value of simultaneous altitude and geographic information. Composition and temperature variations are available from 2002 to 2007. This paper documents the extraction of these data products from the limb emission rates. We present the characteristics of the GUVI limb observations, retrievals of thermospheric neutral composition and temperature from the forward model, and the dramatic changes of the thermosphere with the solar cycle and geomagnetic activity. We examine the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance magnitude and trends through comparison with simultaneous Solar Extreme EUV (SEE) measurements on TIMED and find the EUV irradiance inferred from GUVI averaged (2002–2007) 30% lower magnitude than SEE version 11 and varied less with solar activity. The smaller GUVI variability is not consistent with the view that lower solar EUV radiation during the past solar minimum is the cause of historically low thermospheric mass densities. Thermospheric O and N2 densities are lower than the NRLMSISE‐00 model, but O2 is consistent. We list some lessons learned from the GUVI program along with several unresolved issues.
Responses of global terrestrial evapotranspiration to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 in the 21st century
Authors: Pan Shufen , Tian Hanqin , Dangal Shree R.S. , Yang Qichun , Yang Jia , Lu Chaoqun , Tao Bo , Ren Wei , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractQuantifying the spatial and temporal patterns of the water lost to the atmosphere through land surface evapotranspiration (ET) is essential for understanding the global hydrological cycle, but remains much uncertain. In this study, we use the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model to estimate the global terrestrial ET during 2000–2009 and project its changes in response to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 under two IPCC SRES scenarios (A2 and B1) during 2010–2099. Modeled results show a mean annual global terrestrial ET of about 549 (545–552) mm yr−1 during 2000–2009. Relative to the 2000s, global terrestrial ET for the 2090s would increase by 30.7 mm yr−1 (5.6%) and 13.2 mm yr−1 (2.4%) under the A2 and B1 scenarios, respectively. About 60% of global land area would experience increasing ET at rates of over 9.5 mm decade−1 over the study period under the A2 scenario. The Arctic region would have the largest ET increase (16% compared with the 2000s level) due to larger increase in temperature than other regions. Decreased ET would mainly take place in regions like central and western Asia, northern Africa, Australia, eastern South America, and Greenland due to declines in soil moisture and changing rainfall patterns. Our results indicate that warming temperature and increasing precipitation would result in large increase in ET by the end of the 21st century, while increasing atmospheric CO2 would be responsible for decrease in ET, given the reduction of stomatal conductance under elevated CO2.
From the extreme to the mean: Acceleration and tipping points of coastal inundation from sea level rise
Authors: Sweet William V. , Park Joseph 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRelative sea level rise (RSLR) has driven large increases in annual water level exceedances (duration and frequency) above minor (nuisance level) coastal flooding elevation thresholds established by the National Weather Service (NWS) at U.S. tide gauges over the last half‐century. For threshold levels below 0.5 m above high tide, the rates of annual exceedances are accelerating along the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts, primarily from evolution of tidal water level distributions to higher elevations impinging on the flood threshold. These accelerations are quantified in terms of the local RSLR rate and tidal range through multiple regression analysis. Along the U.S. West Coast, annual exceedance rates are linearly increasing, complicated by sharp punctuations in RSLR anomalies during El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases, and we account for annual exceedance variability along the U.S. West and East Coasts from ENSO forcing. Projections of annual exceedances above local NWS nuisance levels at U.S. tide gauges are estimated by shifting probability estimates of daily maximum water levels over a contemporary 5‐year period following probabilistic RSLR projections of Kopp et al. (2014) for representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. We suggest a tipping point for coastal inundation (30 days/per year with a threshold exceedance) based on the evolution of exceedance probabilities. Under forcing associated with the local‐median projections of RSLR, the majority of locations surpass the tipping point over the next several decades regardless of specific RCP.
Intraseasonal variability and tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific simulated by a global nonhydrostatic atmospheric model
Authors: Nakano Masuo , Sawada Masahiro , Nasuno Tomoe , Satoh Masaki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThirty‐one successive daily experiments for extended‐range (30 day) forecasts are conducted using a global nonhydrostatic atmospheric model without convective parameterization. The model successfully reproduces tropical cyclogenesis (TCG) in six out of eight cases in the western North Pacific in August 2004, up to 2 weeks prior to cyclone formation. Detailed analyses reveal that Typhoon Songda's genesis is related to the eastward extension of the monsoon trough associated with the intraseasonal variability (ISV). The successful simulation of the migration and extension of the monsoon trough leads to a 2 week forecast for Songda's genesis. These findings highlight the need for a model capable of predicting the modulation of large‐scale fields by ISV for TCG forecasts and that a global nonhydrostatic cloud‐system‐resolving model is a promising tool for TCG forecasts.
Development of anisotropic contiguity in deforming partially molten aggregates: 2. Implications for the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary
Authors: Hier‐Majumder Saswata , Drombosky Tyler 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this article, we calculate the seismic anisotropy resulting from melt redistribution during pure and simple shear deformation. Deformation strongly modifies the geometry of melts initially occupying three grain junctions. The initially isotropic fractional area of intergranular contact, contiguity, becomes anisotropic due to deformation. Consequently, the component of contiguity evaluated on the plane parallel to axis of maximum compressive stress decreases. During both modes of deformation, the trace of the contiguity tensor remains nearly unchanged. In the companion article [labeled DHM], we outline the numerical methods and present the synthetic micrographs from our numerical deformation experiments. In pure shear deformation, the principal contiguity directions remain stationary while they rotate during simple shear. The ratio between the principal components of the contiguity tensor decrease from 1 in an undeformed aggregate to 0.1 after 45% shortening in pure shear and to 0.3 after a shear strain of 0.75 in simple shear. In both pure and simple shear experiments, anisotropy in the shear wave velocity increases with the strain in a strongly nonlinear fashion. In pure shear deformation, the steady state microstructure produces nearly 3% anisotropy between shear waves vibrating perpendicular and parallel to the planes of melt films.
Monitoring the spreading of the Amazon freshwater plume by MODIS, SMOS, Aquarius, and TOPAZ
Authors: Korosov Anton , Counillon François , Johannessen Johnny A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA synergistic tool for studying the Amazon River plume dynamics based on a novel algorithm for deriving sea surface salinity (SSS) from MODIS reflectance data together with SSS data from the SMOS and Aquarius satellites and the TOPAZ data assimilation system is proposed. The new algorithm is based on a neural network to relate spectral remote sensing reflectance measured by MODIS with SSS measured by SMOS in the Amazon River plume. The algorithm is validated against independent in situ data and is found to be valid in the range of SSS from 29 to 35 psu, for the period of highest rates of Amazon River discharge with RMSE = 0.79 psu and r2 = 0.84. Monthly SSS fields were reconstructed from the MODIS data for late summers from 2002 to 2012 at a 10 km resolution and compared to surface currents and SSS derived from the TOPAZ reanalysis system. The two data sets reveal striking agreement, suggesting that the TOPAZ system could be used for a detailed study of the Amazon River plume dynamics. Both the position and speed of the North Brazilian Current as well as the spreading of the Amazon River plume are monitored. In particular, a recurrent mechanism was observed for the spreading of the rivers plumes, notably that the fresh water is usually advected toward the Caribbean Sea by the North Brazilian Current but get diverted into the tropical Atlantic when North Brazilian Current Rings are shed.
Effect of propylene carbonate on the ionic conductivity of polyacrylonitrile‐based solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Nithya Srinivasan , Selvasekarapandian Subramaniyan , Karthikeyan Shunmugavel , Vinoth Pandi Dharmalingam 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTSolid polymer electrolyte membranes consisting of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a host polymer, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as a complexing salt, and propylene carbonate (PC) as a plasticizer were prepared by a solution casting technique. An increase in the amorphous nature of the polymer electrolytes was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. A shift in the glass‐transition temperature of the PAN/NH4NO3/PC electrolytes was observed in the differential scanning calorimetry thermograms; this indicated interactions between the polymer and the salt. The impedance spectroscopy technique was used to study the mode of ion conduction in the plasticized polymer electrolyte. The highest ionic conductivity was found to be 7.48 × 10−3 S/cm at 303 K for 80 mol % PAN, 20 mol % NH4NO3, and 0.02 mol % PC. The activation energy of the plasticized polymer electrolyte (80 mol % PAN/20 mol % NH4NO3/0.02 mol % PC) was found to be 0.08 eV; this was considerably lower than that of the film without the plasticizers. The dielectric behavior of the electrolyte is discussed in this article. A literature survey indicated that the synthesis and characterization of ammonium‐salt‐doped, proton‐conducting polymer electrolytes based on PAN has been rare. The use of the best composition membrane (80 mol % PAN/20 mol % NH4NO3/0.02 mol % PC) proton battery was constructed and evaluated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41743.
Electroconductive performance of polypyrrole/graphene nanocomposites synthesized through in situ emulsion polymerization
Authors: Imran Syed Muhammad , Shao Godlisten N. , Haider M. Salman , Abbas Nadir , Hussain Manwar , Kim Hee Taik 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe present study demonstrates a modified in situ emulsion polymerization (EP) approach convenient for the formation of polypyrrole/graphene (PPy/GN) nanocomposites with harnessed conductivities. A series of PPy/GN nanocomposites were prepared by loading different weight percent (wt %) of GN during in situ EP of pyrrole monomer. The polymerization was carried out in the presence of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, which acts as an emulsifier and protonating agent. The microstructures of the nanocomposites were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses. The electrical conductivities of the nanocomposite pellets pressed at different applied pressures were determined using four probe analyzer. The electrical conductivities of the nanocomposites were considerably enhanced as compared to those of the individual PPy samples pressed at the same pressures. An enhanced conductivity of 717.06 S m−1 was observed in the sample with 5 wt % GN loading and applied pressure of 8 tons. The results of the present study signify that the addition of GN in the PPy polymer harnesses both electrical and thermal properties of the polymer. Thus, PPy/GN nanocomposites with superior properties for various semiconductor applications can be obtained through direct loading of GN during the polymerization process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41800.