bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass: the Hammersmith technique
Authors: Momin Aziz , Sharabiani Mansour , Mulholland John , Yarham Gemma , Reeves Barnaby , Anderson Jon , Angelini Gianni 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Conventional Cardiopulmonary Bypass (cCPB) is a trigger of systemic inflammatory reactions, hemodilution, coagulopathy, and organ failure. Miniaturised Cardiopulmonary Bypass (mCPB) has the potential to reduce these deleterious effects. Here, we describe our standardised ‘Hammersmith’ mCPB technique, used in all types of adult cardiac operations including major aortic surgery.

Methods
The use of mCPB remains limited by the diversity of technologies which range from extremely complex, micro systems to ones very similar to cCPB. Our approach is designed around the principle of balancing the benefits of miniaturisation; reducing foreign surface area while maintaining patient safety.

Results
From January 2010 to March 2011, a single surgeon performed 184 consecutive operations (Euro score Logistic 8.4+/-9.9): 61 aortic valve replacements, 78 CABGs, 25 aortic valve replacement and CABG and 17 other procedures (major aortic surgery, re-do operations or double/triple valve replacements).
Our clinical experience suggests that:

Venous drainage is optimally maintained using kinetic energy.

Venous collapse pressure depends on the patient’s anatomy and cannula size, but most importantly on the negative pressure generated by venous drainage.

The patient-prime interaction is optimised with antegrade and retrograde autologous priming, which mixes the blood and prime away from the tissues and results in a reduced oncotic destabilization.

mCPB is a safe and reproducible technique

Conclusion
The Hammersmith mCPB is a “next generation” system which uses standard commercially available components. It aims to maintain safety margin and the benefit of miniaturised system whilst reducing the human factor demands.
Hand-assisted laparoscopic suture rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse complicated by a solitary ulcer and obstructed defecation: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Samalavičius Narimantas Evaldas , Kildušis Edvinas 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a condition in which an ulcer occurs in the rectum. There is evidence that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is associated with rectal prolapse either overt or occult and that stopping complete rectal prolapse may lead to rapid healing of the solitary rectal ulcer. A huge variety of operative techniques have been described in the literature to correct this condition. We present the case of a patient who underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic suture rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse complicated by a solitary ulcer and obstructed defecation.

Case presentation
A 32-year-old Caucasian woman presented to our institute complaining of having had difficulty with her bowel movements, a rectal prolapse and pain in the anal area for one and a half years. She was checked in hospital for suspected rectal carcinoma, however, the examination revealed rectal ulceration. A diagnosis of complete rectal prolapse complicated by a solitary ulcer and obstructed defecation was established. The symptoms persisted so a hand-assisted laparoscopic suture rectopexy was performed. After six months of follow-up, her bowel movements had improved, she was experiencing no pain and the rectal ulcer had healed.

Conclusion
A hand-assisted laparoscopic suture rectopexy is a feasible and safe surgical treatment of rectal prolapse with solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, providing complete recovery for patients with solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.
Monozygotic twins with early-onset schizophrenia and late-onset bipolar disorder: a case report
Authors: O’Reilly Richard , Torrey E Fuller , Rao Jay , Singh Shiva 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are generally considered to be distinct illnesses. One piece of evidence supporting their distinctness is the rarity of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder occurring in monozygotic co‒twins.

Case presentation
We describe a well-characterized pair of African American, female, monozygotic twins assessed at 53 years of age.
Case 1: Twin A developed psychotic symptoms at age 23. She was hospitalized and diagnosed with schizophrenia. Twin A was subsequently hospitalized several more times and was consistently diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia. At the time of assessment, Twin A was single, lived with her parents and attended a day program. Case 2: In contrast, Twin B worked in a professional career, married and raised a family. She remained well until age 48 when she developed a depressive disorder requiring medication treatment. Four years later, Twin B abruptly developed grandiose delusions and mood-congruent auditory hallucinations. She was hospitalized and diagnosed with a manic episode. Since then Twin B has remained symptom-free on the mood stabilizer sodium valproate.

Conclusion
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder can occur in identical co-twins. We speculate on what it tells us about the meaning of discordance and the putative role of de novo mutations.
The second “time-out”: a surgical safety checklist for lengthy robotic surgeries
Authors: Song Joseph B , Vemana Goutham , Mobley Jonathan M , Bhayani Sam B 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Robotic surgeries of long duration are associated with both increased risks to patients as well as distinct challenges for care providers. We propose a surgical checklist, to be completed during a second “time-out”, aimed at reducing peri-operative complications and addressing obstacles presented by lengthy robotic surgeries. A review of the literature was performed to identify the most common complications of robotic surgeries with extended operative times. A surgical checklist was developed with the goal of addressing these issues and maximizing patient safety. Extended operative times during robotic surgery increase patient risk for position-related complications and other adverse events. These cases also raise concerns for surgical, anesthesia, and nursing staff which are less common in shorter, non-robotic operations. Key elements of the checklist were designed to coordinate operative staff in verifying patient safety while addressing the unique concerns within each specialty. As robotic surgery is increasingly utilized, operations with long surgical times may become more common due to increased case complexity and surgeons overcoming the learning curve. A standardized surgical checklist, conducted three to four hours after the start of surgery, may enhance perioperative patient safety and quality of care.
LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposition exhibit clonal variation
Authors: Streva Vincent A , Faber Zachary J , Deininger Prescott L 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons, long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) and Alu are currently active retroelements in humans. We, and others, have observed that different populations of HeLa cells from different laboratories support retrotransposition of LINE-1 and Alu to varying degrees. We therefore tested whether individual cell clones of HeLa and HCT116 cell lines supported different levels of LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposition, and whether these variations were stable upon re-cloning.

Findings
Standard retrotransposition tissue culture assays were used to measure a cell’s ability to support LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposition in clonal HeLa and HCT116 cell lines. We observed that both LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposition exhibited clonal variation in HeLa cells, with certain HeLa cell clones supporting high levels of LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposition and other cell clones being essentially retrotransposition-dead. This clonal variation was similarly observed in HCT116 cells, although possibly not to the same extent. These patterns of clonal variation are relatively consistent upon re-cloning.

Conclusions
Observations of the variability of LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposition in different populations of the same cell line are supported by our results that indicate in some cell types, individual cell clones can have dramatically differing capacity for retrotransposition. The mixed populations of cells commonly used in laboratories have often been passaged for many generations and accumulated significant genetic and epigenetic diversity. Our results suggest that the clonal variability observed by our cloning experiments may lead to a homogenization of retrotransposition capacity, with the resulting mixed population of cells being composed of individual variants having either increased or decreased retrotransposition potential compared to the starting population.
Plane-wave least-squares reverse-time migration
Authors: Dai Wei , Schuster Gerard T. 
Published: June 2013

A plane-wave least-squares reverse-time migration (LSRTM) is formulated with a new parameterization, where the migration image of each shot gather is updated separately and an ensemble of prestack images is produced along with common image gathers. The merits of plane-wave prestack LSRTM are the following: (1) plane-wave prestack LSRTM can sometimes offer stable convergence even when the migration velocity has bulk errors of up to 5%; (2) to significantly reduce computation cost, linear phase-shift encoding is applied to hundreds of shot gathers to produce dozens of plane waves. Unlike phase-shift encoding with random time shifts applied to each shot gather, plane-wave encoding can be effectively applied to data with a marine streamer geometry. (3) Plane-wave prestack LSRTM can provide higher-quality images than standard reverse-time migration. Numerical tests on the Marmousi2 model and a marine field data set are performed to illustrate the benefits of plane-wave LSRTM. Empirical results show that LSRTM in the plane-wave domain, compared to standard reverse-time migration, produces images efficiently with fewer artifacts and better spatial resolution. Moreover, the prestack image ensemble accommodates more unknowns to makes it more robust than conventional least-squares migration in the presence of migration velocity errors.
Effects of tool eccentralization on cement-bond-log measurements: Numerical and experimental results
Authors: Song Ruo-Long , Liu Ji-Sheng , Lv Xiu-Mei , Yang Xiu-Tian , Wang Ke-Xie , Sun Liang 
Published: June 2013

The cement-bond log (CBL) is a conventional and widely used cement quality evaluation technology for vertical wells. With the increase in horizontal wells around the world, the existing cement evaluation technologies are not appropriate. We have explored the possibilities of utilizing CBL in horizontal wells through investigating the effects of a noncentralized tool on CBL measurements. The parallel finite-difference numerical simulation method and experiments in calibration wells were adopted in the study. The numerical and experimental results matched very well, and indicated that the CBL amplitude decreases linearly with increasing tool eccentricity in a well with free pipe (i.e., a cased but uncemented well). For a standard pipe with a diameter of 5.5 in (139.7 mm) and a thickness of 7.72 mm, an eccentricity of [Formula: see text] (17% of the maximum eccentricity) could cause the CBL amplitude to be reduced by about 20%. The numerical simulations of CBL in wells with fluid channels in the cement showed that tool eccentralization could either increase or reduce the CBL amplitude relative to a centered tool, depending on the channel azimuth relative to eccentered direction. To explain this phenomenon, we investigated numerically the polarizations of casing waves in a well with free pipe and in a well with a fluid channel, and casing waves at higher frequencies in a well with free pipe. The relationship between the CBL amplitude and the percentage of cemented area for a borehole-centered tool was also studied. Our results provided some insights into understanding CBL measurements in horizontal wells.
Role of dietary supplementation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Rajyaguru Priya , Cooper Miriam 
Published: June 2013

SummaryDietary constituents have been increasingly researched as both potential aetiological factors and interventions for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Although the involvement of dietary factors in ADHD is biologically plausible, the literature to date does not indicate causality and there are no grounds yet for the routine recommendation of dietary manipulation in ADHD.
The full spectrum of ethical issues in dementia care: systematic qualitative review
Authors: Strech Daniel , Mertz Marcel , Knuüppel Hannes , Neitzke Gerald , Schmidhuber Martina 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundIntegrating ethical issues in dementia-specific training material, clinical guidelines and national strategy plans requires an unbiased awareness of all the relevant ethical issues.AimsTo determine systematically and transparently the full spectrum of ethical issues in clinical dementia care.MethodWe conducted a systematic review in Medline (restricted to English and German literature published between 2000 and 2011) and Google books (with no restrictions). We applied qualitative text analysis and normative analysis to categorise the spectrum of ethical issues in clinical dementia care.ResultsThe literature review retrieved 92 references that together mentioned a spectrum of 56 ethicalissues in clinical dementia care. The spectrum was structured into seven major categories thatconsist of first- and second-order categories for ethical issues.ConclusionsThe systematically derived spectrum of ethical issues in clinical dementia care presented in this paper can be used as training material for healthcare professionals, students and the public for raising awareness and understanding of the complexity of ethical issues in dementia care. It can also be used to identify ethical issues that should be addressed in dementia-specific training programmes, national strategy plans and clinical practice guidelines. Further research should evaluate whether this new genre of systematic reviews can be applied to the identification of ethical issues in other cognitive and somatic diseases. Also, the practical challenges in addressing ethical issues in training material, guidelines and policies need to be evaluated.
A golden age of discovery
Authors: Kingdon David 
Published: June 2013

SummaryOriginal ideas are needed in developing new interventions for psychosis, and computer-assisted therapy for auditory hallucinations is one such novel approach. As with any early-phase development, it will require further refinement and evaluation. There are now a range of ongoing studies into different intervention strategies and these promise to enhance the therapeutic potency of clinical psychiatrists and mental health teams. If the relative lack of research funding, focus and support from academic sources on this area were to change, even more could be delivered.
Qualitative research: its value and applicability
Authors: Agius Steven J. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryQualitative research has a rich tradition in the study of human social behaviour and cultures. Its general aim is to develop concepts which help us to understand social phenomena in, wherever possible, natural rather than experimental settings, to gain an understanding of the experiences, perceptions and/or behaviours of individuals, and the meanings attached to them. The effective application of qualitative methods to other disciplines, including clinical, health service and education research, has a rapidly expanding and robust evidence base. Qualitative approaches have particular potential in psychiatry research, singularly and in combination with quantitative methods. This article outlines the nature and potential application of qualitative research as well as attempting to counter a number of misconceptions.
Facile Method of Halogen Exchange between Au(Cl)(L) and MeC(O)X (L = PPh3 and IPr; X = Br and I) via σ-Bond Metathesis Supported by DFT Calculation
Authors: Sanagawa Atsushi , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Iwasaki Takanori , Kambe Nobuaki , Bobuatong Karan , Ehara Masahiro 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Complexes with the formula Au(X)(L) (X = Br and I; L = PPh3 and IPr) were conveniently prepared by a quite simple procedure using the treatment of Au(Cl)(L) with MeC(O)X and the subsequent evaporation under reduced pressure. The mechanistic study by DFT calculation with M06 functional supported that the reaction proceeded through σ-bond metathesis, where Cl atom underwent a more roundabout course than Br atom did.
Application of Pressurized Fluid Extraction Method to Lipids Extraction for Determining trans-Fatty Acid Contents in Food
Authors: Tsuzuki Wakako , Ohonishi Hideo , Fujimoto Ken 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
trans-Fatty acid contents of lipids extracted from several foods by pressurized fluid extraction were analyzed and compared with those extracted by the conventional methods, Folch method, acid hydrolysis, and Soxhlet method. Extraction efficiency of lipids from commercially available cookies and brown rice by the pressurized fluid extraction was equivalent to those extracted by the other extraction methods. Furthermore, neither oxidative degradation nor new trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids during the pressurized fluid extraction could be found. These results suggest that the pressurized fluid extraction could be applicable as a useful lipid extraction method for determining trans-fatty acids in food.
Room-temperature Formation of SiO2 Particle Arrays Embedded in 1,2-Poly(butadiene) Matrices by Binary Colloidal Assembly and Application for Porous Film Templates
Authors: Yabu Hiroshi , Satoh Hiroki , Kanahara Masaaki , Saito Yuta , Shimomura Masatsugu 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A simple preparation method has been developed for creating inorganic–organic composite films by casting of soft poly(butadiene) (PB) particles and hard SiO2 particles. PB particles were successfully prepared by evaporation of a good solvent from the PB solution containing water as a poor solvent. After crosslinking PB and removal of SiO2 particles, an inverse opal structure can be formed. The size difference between PB and SiO2 particles critically determines the coassembling structures.
Facile Synthesis of an Amphiphilic 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Benzene as a Novel Surface Modifier by Selective Photocyclic Aromatization and Efficient Improvement of Oxygen Permselectivity by the Addition of the Surface Modifier
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Aoki Toshiki , Liu Lijia , Namikoshi Takeshi , Teraguchi Masahiro , Kaneko Takashi 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
An amphiphilic 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzene as a new 2D surface modifier (T-EO) which has six hydroxy groups and three oligoethylene groups was successfully and easily synthesized by selective photocyclic aromatization in high conversion and selectivity for the first time. We prepared four kinds of blend membranes based on PVA or poly(trimethylsilylphenylacetylene) (poly(SPA)) containing the new amphiphilic cyclic trimer (T-EO) or the corresponding polymer (P-EO), that is, T-EO/PVA, P-EO/PVA, and T-EO/poly(SPA) membranes prepared by conventional solvent casting method (Method I) and T-EO/poly(SPA) membranes prepared by a new solvent casting method (Method II). T-EO/PVA membranes by Method I and T-EO/poly(SPA) membranes by Method II showed better performance in oxygen permeation than P-EO/PVA membranes by Method I and T-EO/poly(SPA) membranes by Method I, respectively. A PVA-based membrane containing 1.0 wt % T-EO showed the best performance, that is, the α became twice that of the original PVA membrane without any decrease in PO2. The ideal improvement may be caused by effective surface modification by T-EO.
Dielectric Properties of the Charge-transfer Complex of Phenothiazine and Trinitrobenzene
Authors: Kobayashi Hayao , Zhou Biao , Imai Yuji , Yokota Daisuke , Kobayashi Akiko 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The dielectric anomaly of the charge-transfer complex of phenothiazine (PTZ) and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) observed at around 290 K suggests that the molecular crystal consisting of the molecules exhibiting conformational transition between the bent and planar structures tends to show a hardly controllable dielectric anomaly. In addition, the rapid increase in the dielectric constants above 330 K indicates that the system might be regarded as a pseudo-antiferroelectric crystal although the crystals could never undergo the antiferroelectric transitions.
The Origin of the Division between Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism
Authors: Catana Leo 
Published: June 2013

Abstract The division of Ancient Platonism into Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism is a fairly new one. The conceptual foundation of this division was cemented in Jacob Brucker’s pioneering Historia critica philosophiae (1742-67). In the 1770s and 1780s, the term ‘Neoplatonism’ was coined on the basis of Brucker’s analysis. Three historiographical concepts were decisive to Brucker: ‘system of philosophy’, ‘eclecticism’ and ‘syncretism’. By means of these concepts, he characterized Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism as opposing philosophical movements, the former being a genuine form of Platonism, the latter a false form. However, the division is untenable and we ought to abandon it.
Postmoderne Rechtstheorie als kritische Theorie
Authors: Fischer-Lescano Andreas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship of law and violence is one of the most important tasks for a postmodern critical legal theory. In his recent bookRecht und GewaltChristoph Menke explores the thesis that violence is not something external to law but an essential part of its constitution. While his concise analysis reveals the fundamental conflict of autonomy and societal responsivity of law, I suggest that we have to radicalize his concept in three ways. First, I propose to reconsider the belief that law requires a polity (I). Second, I will argue that reflexivity of law needs to be conceived of as a process of fundamental democratization of law (II). Third, I propose that we not only need to depotentiate and displace the law, but that we have to transcend the law (III). For only transcending the law enables us to appeal to the utopian notion of a justice to come.
Die Einheit des Selbst nach Heidegger
Authors: Bertram Georg W. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Since Kant, many philosophers have struggled to overcome the problems of an empiricist conception of the self. In this paper I argue that Heidegger’s philosophy in Being and Time has to be considered as one of the most powerful attempts to gain an anti-empiricist conception of the self and its unity. I highlight the power of Heidegger’s conception by contrasting it with contemporary empiricist conceptions, namely those of Dennett and Velleman. The basic aspect of Heidegger’s conception can be captured by the claim that the unity of the subject is constituted by relations to an open future.
Was heißt „ein Artefakt illegitim kopieren“? Grundlagen einer artefaktbezogenen Ethik des Kopierens
Authors: Bahr Amrei 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Copies of artefacts are ubiquitous in our lifeworld and have gained influence on several domains such as economy, culture and science. This development has induced wide-ranging public debates about how to evaluate copying processes regarding their legitimacy, which up to the present day have not reached consensus. This situation calls for an ethics of copying. However, such an ethics has not been elaborated in detail up to the present day. This paper aims at creating foundations of an artefact-related ethics of copying by giving a sketch of an answer to the question of what it means to illegitimately copy an artefact. In order to achieve this, I firstly define “artefact copy” to limit the subject area of such an ethics. Secondly, I answer the question of where to draw the line between legitimate and illegitimate processes of copying.