bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 4‐(2‐Phenylhydrazono)‐1‐(4‐phenylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one Compounds and Characterization of Their Affinities to Anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 Family Proteins
Authors: Shi Shicheng , Han Li , Zhou Mi , Li Yangfeng , Liu Zhen , Yu Biao , Wang Renxiao 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOrganic compounds containing the thiazol‐2‐yl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one moiety are known to be associated with versatile pharmacological applications. In this study, we describe the methods for preparing 4‐(2‐phenylhydrazono)‐1‐(4‐phenylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one compounds. A set of 26 compounds were synthesized with overall yields ranging between 37% –92%. They were tested in a fluorescence polarization‐based binding assay against three anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins, including Bcl‐xL, Bcl‐2, and Mcl‐1. Our results indicate that this class of compounds are not effective inhibitors of these anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins. Their apoptosis‐inducing effects are possibly due to BAX activation as suggested by Gavathiotis et al. in their recent study. However, other possibilities should not be ignored. In addition, a crystal structure obtained by us reveals that the exocyclic double bond in the molecular structure of this class of compounds is in the (Z)‐configuration
Are survivors who report cancer‐related financial problems more likely to forgo or delay medical care?
Authors: Kent Erin E. , Forsythe Laura P. , Yabroff K. Robin , Weaver Kathryn E. , de Moor Janet S. , Rodriguez Juan L. , Rowland Julia H. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDFinancial problems caused by cancer and its treatment can substantially affect survivors and their families and create barriers to seeking health care.METHODSThe authors identified cancer survivors diagnosed as adults (n = 1556) from the nationally representative 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Using multivariable logistic regression analyses, the authors report sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment‐related factors associated with perceived cancer‐related financial problems and the association between financial problems and forgoing or delaying health care because of cost. Adjusted percentages using the predictive marginals method are presented.RESULTSCancer‐related financial problems were reported by 31.8% (95% confidence interval, 29.3%‐34.5%) of survivors. Factors found to be significantly associated with cancer‐related financial problems in survivors included younger age at diagnosis, minority race/ethnicity, history of chemotherapy or radiation treatment, recurrence or multiple cancers, and shorter time from diagnosis. After adjustment for covariates, respondents who reported financial problems were more likely to report delaying (18.3% vs 7.4%) or forgoing overall medical care (13.8% vs 5.0%), prescription medications (14.2% vs 7.6%), dental care (19.8% vs 8.3%), eyeglasses (13.9% vs 5.8%), and mental health care (3.9% vs 1.6%) than their counterparts without financial problems (all P < .05).CONCLUSIONSCancer‐related financial problems are not only disproportionately represented in survivors who are younger, members of a minority group, and have a higher treatment burden, but may also contribute to survivors forgoing or delaying medical care after cancer. Cancer 2013;119:3710–3717. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
CTNNB1 45F mutation is a molecular prognosticator of increased postoperative primary desmoid tumor recurrence
Authors: Colombo Chiara , Miceli Rosalba , Lazar Alexander J. , Perrone Federica , Pollock Raphael E. , Le Cesne Axel , Hartgrink Henk H. , Cleton‐Jansen Anne‐Marie , Domont Julien , Bovée Judith V. M. G. , Bonvalot Sylvie , Lev Dina , Gronchi Alessandro 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDA role for the serine to phenylalanine substitution at codon 45 (the S45F mutation) in the catenin (cadherin‐associated protein) β‐1 (CTNNB1) gene as a molecular predictor of local recurrence in patients with primary, sporadic desmoid tumor (DT) has been reported. To confirm the previous data, the authors evaluated the correlation between CTNNB1 mutation type and local recurrence in this multi‐institutional, retrospective study.METHODSPatients with primary, sporadic DT who underwent macroscopic complete surgical resection were included. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) analyses were conducted using the Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank tests to compare strata.RESULTSIn total, 179 patients were identified, including 65% females and 35% males (median age, 39 years; median tumor size, 7 cm). Most DTs were located in the abdominal/chest wall (42%) followed by extra‐abdominal sites (40%) and intra‐abdominal sites (18%). All patients underwent either R0 resection (62%) or R1 resection (38%), and most underwent surgery alone (80%). The tyrosine to alanine substitution at codon 41 (T41A) was the most frequent mutation (45%), but the S45F mutation was more prevalent in extra‐abdominal DTs compared with other sites (P < .001). At a median follow‐up of 50 months, 86% of patients remained alive without disease. The estimated 3‐year and 5‐year RFS rates were 0.49 and 0.45, respectively, for patients who had tumors with the S45F mutation; 0.91 and 0.91, respectively, for patients who had wild‐type tumors; and 0.70 and 0.66, respectively, for all others (P < .001). A similar trend was observed for patients who underwent surgery alone (P < .001). On multivariable analysis, mutation remained the only factor that was prognostic for local recurrence.CONCLUSIONSThis series confirmed that primary, completely resected, sporadic DTs with the S45F mutation have a greater tendency for local recurrence. With increasing implementation of “watchful‐waiting” for DT management, it will be important to determine whether mutation type predicts outcome for these patients. Cancer 2013;119:3692–3702. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Coupled and reduced dimensional modeling of respiratory mechanics during spontaneous breathing
Authors: Ismail M. , Comerford A. , Wall W. A. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we develop a total lung model based on a tree of 0D airway and acinar models for studying respiratory mechanics during spontaneous breathing. This model utilizes both computer tomography‐based geometries and artificially generated lobe‐filling airway trees to model the entire conducting region of the lung. Beyond the conducting airways, we develop an acinar model, which takes into account the alveolar tissue resistance, compliance, and the intrapleural pressure. With this methodology, we compare four different 0D models of airway mechanics and determine the best model based on a comparison with a 3D–0D coupled model of the conducting airways; this methodology is possible because the majority of airway resistance is confined to the lower generations, that is, the trachea and the first few bronchial generations. As an example application of the model, we simulate the flow and pressure dynamics under spontaneous breathing conditions, that is, at flow conditions driven purely by pleural space pressure. The results show good agreement, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with reported physiological values. One of the key advantages of this model is the ability to provide insight into lung ventilation in the peripheral regions. This is often crucial because this is where information, specifically for studying diseases and gas exchange, is needed. Thus, the model can be used as a tool for better understanding local peripheral lung mechanics without excluding the upper portions of the lung. This tool will be also useful for in vitro investigations of lung mechanics in both health and disease.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Logarithmic Sobolev Inequalities and an ɛ‐Regularity Theorem for the Ricci Flow
Authors: Hein Hans‐Joachim , Naber Aaron 
Published: July 2013

In this note, we prove an ɛ‐regularity theorem for the Ricci flow. Let (Mn,g(t)) with t ∊ [−T,0] be a Ricci flow, and let Hx0(y,s) be the conjugate heat kernel centered at some point (x0,0) in the final time slice. By substituting Hx0(−,s) into Perelman's W‐functional, we obtain a monotone quantity Wx0(s) that we refer to as the pointed entropy. This satisfies Wx0(s) ≤ 0, and Wx0(s) = 0 if and only if (Mn,g(t)) is isometric to the trivial flow on Rn. Then our main theorem asserts the following: There exists ɛ > 0, depending only on T and on lower scalar curvature and μ‐entropy bounds for the initial slice (Mn,g(−T)) such that Wx0(s) ≥ −ɛ implies |Rm| ≤ r−2 on Pɛ r(x0,0), where r2 ≡ |s| and Pρ(x,t) ≡ Bρ(x,t) × (t−ρ2,t] is our notation for parabolic balls.The main technical challenge of the theorem is to prove an effective Lipschitz bound in x for the s‐average of Wx(s). To accomplish this, we require a new log‐Sobolev inequality. Perelman's work implies that the metric measure spaces (Mn,g(t),dvolg(t)) satisfy a log‐Sobolev; we show that this is also true for the heat kernel weighted spaces (Mn,g(t),Hx0(−,t)dvolg(t)). Our log‐Sobolev constants for these weighted spaces are in fact universal and sharp.The weighted log‐Sobolev has other consequences as well, including certain average Gaussian upper bounds on the conjugate heat kernel. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solid–Solid Heterogeneous Catalysis: The Role of Potassium in Promoting the Dehydrogenation of the Mg(NH2)2/2 LiH Composite
Authors: Wang Jianhui , Chen Ping , Pan Hongge , Xiong Zhitao , Gao Mingxia , Wu Guotao , Liang Chu , Li Cao , Li Bo , Wang Jieru 
Published: July 2013

AbstractConsiderable efforts have been devoted to the catalytic modification of hydrogen storage materials. The K‐modified Mg(NH2)2/2 LiH composite is a typical model for such studies. In this work, we analyze the origin of the kinetic barrier in the first step of the dehydrogenation and investigate how K catalyzes this heterogeneous solid‐state reaction. Our results indicate that the interface reaction of Mg(NH2)2 and LiH is the main source of the kinetic barrier at the early stage of the dehydrogenation for the intensively ball‐milled Mg(NH2)2/2 LiH sample. K can effectively activate Mg(NH2)2 as well as promote LiH to participate in the dehydrogenation. Three K species of KH, K2Mg(NH2)4, and Li3K(NH2)4 likely transform circularly in the dehydrogenation (KH↔K2Mg(NH2)4↔KLi3(NH2)4), which creates a more energy‐favorable pathway and thus leads to the overall kinetic enhancement. This catalytic role of K in the amide/hydride system is different from the conventional catalysis of transition metals in the alanate system.
Synthesis of 1,2‐Diaryl‐ and 1‐Aryl‐2‐alkylimidazoles with Sterically Demanding Substituents
Authors: Micksch Maik , Tenne Mario , Strassner Thomas 
Published: July 2013

Abstract1,2‐Diarylimidazoles are an important class of compounds. They are frequently used as ligands for photophysically active metal complexes and also display physiological activity. We developed a new, high‐yielding procedure for the synthesis of 1,2‐diaryl‐substituted imidazoles with sterically demanding substituents at the respective ortho positions by starting from commercially available anilines and benzoic acids through the corresponding acid chlorides. The metal‐free method provides access to a variety of different substituents on the phenyl rings at N‐1 and C‐2 as well as at the 4,5‐positions of the imidazole backbone. Our new method is also suitable for the preparation of 1‐aryl‐2‐alkylimidazoles.
Analysis of Redox Activity of Proteins on the Carbon Screen Printed Electrodes
Authors: Suprun Elena V. , Zharkova Maria S. , Morozevich Galina E. , Veselovsky Alexander V. , Shumyantseva Victoria V. , Archakov Alexander I. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDirect redox activity of different proteins was investigated on the surface of carbon screen printed electrodes (SPE). The signal attributed to the electrochemical oxidation of amino acid residues (cysteine (Cys), tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr)) was registered at Emax from 0.6 to 0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Based on the difference in the redox behavior of L‐tyrosine and 3‐nitro‐L‐tyrosine, the selective electrochemical detection of native and nitrated albumins was demonstrated. It was shown that the electrochemical signal correlated with the surface density of electroactive amino acid residues on the protein molecule. A simple electrochemical method for the total protein analysis was proposed.
Empirical Hierarchical Bayes Approach to Gene‐Environment Interactions: Development and Application to Genome‐Wide Association Studies of Lung Cancer in TRICL
Authors: Sohns Melanie , Viktorova Elena , Amos Christopher I. , Brennan Paul , Fehringer Gord , Gaborieau Valerie , Han Younghun , Heinrich Joachim , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Hung Rayjean J. , Müller‐Nurasyid Martina , Risch Angela , Lewinger Juan Pablo , Thomas Duncan C. , Bickeböller Heike 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe analysis of gene‐environment (G × E) interactions remains one of the greatest challenges in the postgenome‐wide association studies (GWASs) era. Recent methods constitute a compromise between the robust but underpowered case‐control and powerful case‐only methods. Inferences of the latter are biased when the assumption of gene‐environment (G‐E) independence in controls fails. We propose a novel empirical hierarchical Bayes approach to G × E interaction (EHB‐GE), which benefits from greater rank power while accounting for population‐based G‐E correlation. Building on Lewinger et al.'s ([2007] Genet Epidemiol 31:871–882) hierarchical Bayes prioritization approach, the method first obtains posterior G‐E correlation estimates in controls for each marker, borrowing strength from G‐E information across the genome. These posterior estimates are then subtracted from the corresponding case‐only G × E estimates. We compared EHB‐GE with rival methods using simulation. EHB‐GE has similar or greater rank power to detect G × E interactions in the presence of large numbers of G‐E correlations with weak to strong effects or only a low number of such correlations with large effect. When there are no or only a few weak G‐E correlations, Murcray et al.'s method ([2009] Am J Epidemiol 169:219–226) identifies markers with low G × E interaction effects better. We applied EHB‐GE and competing methods to four lung cancer case‐control GWAS from the Interdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung/International Lung Cancer Consortium with smoking as environmental factor. A number of genes worth investigating were identified by the EHB‐GE approach.
Ridge Regression in Prediction Problems: Automatic Choice of the Ridge Parameter
Authors: Cule Erika , De Iorio Maria 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTTo date, numerous genetic variants have been identified as associated with diverse phenotypic traits. However, identified associations generally explain only a small proportion of trait heritability and the predictive power of models incorporating only known‐associated variants has been small. Multiple regression is a popular framework in which to consider the joint effect of many genetic variants simultaneously. Ordinary multiple regression is seldom appropriate in the context of genetic data, due to the high dimensionality of the data and the correlation structure among the predictors. There has been a resurgence of interest in the use of penalised regression techniques to circumvent these difficulties. In this paper, we focus on ridge regression, a penalised regression approach that has been shown to offer good performance in multivariate prediction problems. One challenge in the application of ridge regression is the choice of the ridge parameter that controls the amount of shrinkage of the regression coefficients. We present a method to determine the ridge parameter based on the data, with the aim of good performance in high‐dimensional prediction problems. We establish a theoretical justification for our approach, and demonstrate its performance on simulated genetic data and on a real data example. Fitting a ridge regression model to hundreds of thousands to millions of genetic variants simultaneously presents computational challenges. We have developed an R package, ridge, which addresses these issues. Ridge implements the automatic choice of ridge parameter presented in this paper, and is freely available from CRAN.
New stratospheric dust belt due to the Chelyabinsk bolide
Authors: Gorkavyi Nick , Rault D. F. , Newman P. A. , da Silva A. M. , Dudorov A. E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb Profiler (LP) on the recently launched NASA/NOAA NPP/Suomi satellite detected aerosol excess in the mid‐stratosphere (25–45 km altitude) between 50°N and 70°N latitudes. OMPS/LP observations trace this aerosol plume to the meteor that struck near Chelyabinsk, Russia on 15 February 2013. This new dust layer, located above the Junge aerosol layer, has persisted over at least a 3 month period. Material collected on the ground following the bolide explosion showed that the meteor was mostly composed of olivine and pyroxenes. Simulations using Lagrangian and Eulerian atmospheric models trace the plume back to Chelyabinsk and confirm that the plume altitude was at altitudes between 25 and 45 km. The models also confirm the plume circumpolar longitudinal spreading observed by OMPS/LP, with propagation speeds up to 85 m/s.
Microstructure, mechanical property, biodegradation behavior, and biocompatibility of biodegradable Fe–Fe2O3 composites
Authors: Cheng J. , Huang T. , Zheng Y. F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this study, the effects of Fe2O3 (addition, 2, 5, 10, and 50 wt %) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behaviors, and in vitro biocompatibility of Fe–Fe2O3 composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering were systematically investigated as a novel‐structure biodegradable metallic material. The results of X‐ray diffraction analysis and optical microscopy indicated that Fe–Fe2O3 composite is composed of α‐Fe and FeO instead of Fe2O3. Both eletrochemical measurements and immersion test showed a faster degradation rate of Fe–2Fe2O3 and Fe–5Fe2O3 composites than pure iron and Fe–5Fe2O3 exhibited the fastest corrosion rate among these composites. Besides, the effect of Fe2O3 on the corrosion behavior of Fe–Fe2O3 composites was discussed. The extracts of Fe–Fe2O3 composite exhibited no cytotoxicity to both ECV304 and L929 cells, whereas greatly reduced cell viabilities of vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, good hemocompatibility of all Fe–Fe2O3 composites and pure iron was obtained. To sum up, Fe–5Fe2O3 composite is a promising alternative for biodegradable stent material with elevated corrosion rate, enhanced mechanical properties, as well as excellent biocompatibility. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2277–2287, 2014.
Increased porosity of electrospun hybrid scaffolds improved bladder tissue regeneration
Authors: Horst Maya , Milleret Vincent , Nötzli Sarah , Madduri Srinivas , Sulser Tullio , Gobet Rita , Eberli Daniel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe object of this study was to investigate the role of scaffold porosity on tissue ingrowth using hybrid scaffolds consisting of bladder acellular matrix and electrospun poly (lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) microfibers that mimic the morphological characteristics of the bladder wallin vitroandin vivo. We compared single‐spun (SS) PLGA scaffolds with more porous cospun (CS) scaffolds (PLGA and polyethylene glycol). Scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Bladder smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were seeded, and proliferation and histological assays were performed. Sixteen rats were subjected to augmentation cystoplasty with seeded SS or CS scaffolds, morphological, and histological studies were performed 2 and 4 weeks after implantation. The porosities of SS and CS scaffolds were 73.1 ± 2.9% and 80.9 ± 1.5%, respectively. Thein vitroevaluation revealed significantly deeper cell migration into CS scaffolds. Thein vivoevaluation showed significant shrinkage of SS scaffolds (p = 0.019). The histological analysis revealed a bladder wall‐like structure with urothelial lining and SMC infiltration in both groups. The microvessel density was significantly increased in the CS scaffolds (p <0.001). Increasing the porosity of electrospun hybrid scaffolds is an effective strategy to enhance cell proliferation and distributionin vitroand tissue ingrowthin vivo. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2116–2124, 2014.
New sol‐gel bioactive glass and titania composites with enhanced physico‐chemical and biological properties
Authors: Pawlik Justyna , Widziołek Magdalena , Cholewa‐Kowalska Katarzyna , Łączka Maria , Osyczka Anna Maria 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe developed TiO2 matrix composites modified by sol‐gel bioactive glasses (SBG) of either high CaO content (A2) or high SiO2 content (S2). The latter were mixed with titanium dioxide (TiO2) at 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 weight ratios and sintered at 1250°C for 2 h. We examined the effects of various types (A2 or S2) and compositional TiO2:SBG ratios on the mechanical properties of resulting composites, their bioactivity and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) response. The chemistry of SBGs influenced the phase composition, mechanical and biological properties of the composites. Rutile and titanite prevailed in A2‐TiO2 composites, and rutile and crystobalite in S2‐TiO2 composites. Compressive strength increased significantly for 25A2‐TiO2 composites (140 MPa) compared to matrix TiO2 (58 MPa). Composites containing 50–75 wt % of either SBG displayed bioactive properties as determined by simulated body fluid test. Compared to TiO2, human bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) viability was enhanced on the composites containing 25 wt % of either SBG, whereas the composites modified by 25 wt % of S2 enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization in cultures treated with osteogenic inducers–dexamethasone (Dex) or bone morphogenetic protein. Increasing amounts of A2 in TiO2 matrix decreased cell viability but increased collagen deposition and mineralized matrix production by BMSC. Considering the physico‐chemical and biological properties of the presented composites, the modification of TiO2 with SBG may prove useful strategy in several bone tissue related regeneration strategies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2383–2394, 2014.
The role of trustworthiness in recruitment and selection: A review and guide for future research
Authors: Klotz Anthony C. , da Motta Veiga Serge P. , Buckley M. Ronald , Gavin Mark B. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryAlthough scholars recognize the importance of trustworthiness for both job applicants and hiring organizations, prior research exploring trustworthiness during the organizational pre‐entry period is scattered across a number of disparate literatures. This paper selectively reviews prior work that investigates the role of trustworthiness in the recruitment and selection processes. Within these pre‐entry processes, we explore how job applicants' and hiring organizations' perceptions of one another's trustworthiness, conceptualized as each parties' attitudes regarding the others' benevolence, integrity, and ability, influence meaningful recruitment and selection outcomes. Avenues for future research regarding trustworthiness are also identified in each section of the review. Finally, particular attention is given to two overarching issues at the intersection of trustworthiness and pre‐entry processes—trust violations and individual differences in propensity to trust. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.