bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power Quality Issues and Solutions – Review
Authors: Mikkili Suresh , Panda Anup Kumar 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Electrical power quality has been an important and growing problem because of the proliferation of nonlinear loads such as power electronic converters in typical power distribution systems in recent years. Particularly, voltage harmonics and power distribution equipment problems result from current harmonics produced by nonlinear loads. The Electronic equipment like, computers, battery chargers, electronic ballasts, variable frequency drives, and switch mode power supplies, generate perilous harmonics and cause enormous economic loss every year. Problems caused by power quality have great adverse economic impact on the utilities and customers. Due to that both power suppliers and power consumers are concerned about the power quality problems and compensation techniques. Power quality has become more and more serious with each passing day. As a result active power filter gains much more attention due to excellent harmonic and reactive power compensation in two-wire (single phase), three-wire (three-phase without neutral), and four-wire (three-phase with neutral) ac power networks with nonlinear loads. However, this is still a technology under development, and many new contributions and new control topologies have been reported in the last few years. It is aimed at providing a broad perspective on the status of APF technology to the researchers and application engineers dealing with power quality issues.
Studies on drying characteristic, nutritional composition, and antioxidant properties of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves
Authors: Moguel-Ordóñez Yolanda B. , Cabrera-Amaro Diana L. , Segura-Campos Maira R. , Ruiz-Ruiz Jorge C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Drying characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves using radiation drying, convection drying, sun drying, and shade drying treatments were investigated in a convective type. Results for all treatments indicated that drying took place in the falling rate period. The chroma of the dried samples ranged between 29.66 and 23.85. Convection and shade drying samples were found better in colour and had the highest content of total pigments. The proximate and fibre composition were affected by the drying treatments. Extracts obtained from convection drying and shade drying leaves exhibited higher values of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities 416.89-423.64 mM mg−1 and ferric reducing power 85.19-87.97%. These extracts also showed ion chelating capacity 59.05-60.21% for Cu+2 and 55.05-59.11% for Fe+2. The results indicate that it is possible to select the drying treatment to obtain the best nutritional and biological properties. Convection drying and shade drying were the least aggressive treatments and leaf powders obtained by these drying methods could be used as sources of nutrients, fibre, and antioxidant compounds.
Assessment Of Biologically Synthesized Ag Nanoparticles Toxicity Against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Parachlorella kessleri And Sinapis alba
Authors: Kaduková Jana , Velgosová Oksana , Mražíková Anna , Marcinčáková Renáta , Tkáčová Eva 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn general, Ag+ions and AgNPs are considered to be the most toxic for bacterial cells and less toxic for higher organisms. In the present work inhibitory effects of biologically prepared silver nanoparticles on the growth of bacteriaE. coliCCM 3954 andStaphylococcus aureusCCM 3953, green microscopic algaParachlorella kessleriLARG/1 and seed germination and root growth of plantSinapis albaseeds were investigated. Surprisingly, silver nanoparticles showed much stronger inhibitory effects on plant seed germination and root growth than on the bacterial growth. At concentration of 75 mg/l AgNPs both seed germination and root growth ofSinapis albawas inhibited whereas inhibition of the growth ofE. coliandS. aureuswas observed at >195 mg/l. Growth inhibition of algaParachlorella kessleriwas recorded at 300 mg/l AgNPs concentration. The inhibitory effect of silver ions was much higher compared to silver nanoparticles. Even 20 mg/l concentration of Ag+ions inhibited the root growth and concentration > 45 mg/l inhibited germination ofSinapis albaseeds. Inhibition zones in both studied bacteria were found at concentration > 140 mg/l.
History and current status of Red-footed Falcon population size and conservation activities in Voivodina
Authors: Barna Krisztián 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The Red-footed Falcon population in Voivodina shows a considerable decrease on a large temporal scale, however due to recent conservation measures, it seems to be stable in the past six years. Here I present the history of population estimates and results of partial surveys that have been carried out since 1909. I also show the details and results of conservation efforts recently implemented in the region. Recovery records of individually colour ringed birds indicate that the population breeding in northern Serbia is an integral part of the Carpathian Basin population and thus conservation management should be coordinated within a framework of international cooperation.
Teamwork in the Forensic Sciences: Report of a Case
Authors: Bradford LW , Biasotti AA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The scene in which the following events occurred is a single story dwelling in a quiet residential neighborhood where the victim lived. The victim was a 45-year-old woman who lived in the second house on a particular cul-de-sac street next to a red house on the corner (which is of later significance). A street light is situated here.
Discovery of Mental Illness and Mental Defect Among Offenders
Authors: Gold LH 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In spite of one psychiatrist's play upon words, infatuation with myth, and diatribes about mental illness, people still get sick in their minds and disturbed in their behavior. They are known to have lost control of their impulses and to have committed dangerous acts causing injury to themselves and to others. Patients have described hallucinatory and delusional experiences, have become disorganized and confused, have lost contact with reality, and have required treatment in specialized hospitals, there to be protected for their own sake as well as for others and to receive help toward halting the disease process, controlling it, curing it.
Hexachlorophene Poisoning
Authors: DiMaio VJM , Mullick FG , Henry LD 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Hexachlorophene is an antibacterial agent widely used in soaps and antiseptic solutions because of its low toxicity and high bactericidal properties. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide on citrus fruits and a number of vegetables. Toxicity from either ingestion or topical application can occur, however. This paper will present four deaths related to hexachlorophene exposure, two acute and two chronic.
Carbonless Paper Systems
Authors: Bertocchi MP 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the examination of questioned documents, problems involving the source or authenticity of carbon copies may be encountered. The copy presented may have been prepared through the utilization of individual sheets of carbon paper, or it may have been produced through a carbonless paper system. In some cases it may be significant to determine whether the copy was produced in the conventional manner or with a carbonless system and, if the latter, which particular carbonless system was utilized. For these reasons, a study of the carbonless systems currently in use was undertaken.
Polygraph Validity and Reliability: A Review
Authors: Abrams S 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In 1963, a subcommittee of the House Government Operations Committee, under the chairmanship of John E. Moss of California, was directed to investigate Federal use of the polygraph [1]. They drew their conclusions from discussions with both researchers and examiners in the field; a review of the literature; and an evaluation of governmental usage of the polygraph. Two years later they presented their findings, which did not favor the continued use of this instrument. Their report indicated that, “There is no lie detector, neither machine nor human.” They further pointed out that this technique had not been proved to be valid in either laboratory research or actual criminal investigations. These statements, inevitably, have had an influence upon polygraph usage. The Federal Government has reduced its use of this technique, and labor unions have relied heavily upon these findings to argue against the employment of this instrument in business and industry. This is in spite of the fact that the polygraph has been demonstrated to aid in recovery of stolen money and material and to act as a deterrent to employee theft [2–4]. It can be assumed, also, that the Moss subcommittee report has influenced the jurists of this country, to the extent that polygraph evidence has generally been ruled inadmissible in the courts.
Court Ordered Handwriting Exemplars—How Effective?
Authors: Mortimer JH 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Handwriting samples are admitted as standards of comparison by specific Federal Statute, Title 28 United States Code, Section 1731, “The admitted or proved handwriting of any person shall be admissible for purposes of comparison to determine genuineness of another handwriting attributed to such person.” This, of course, would presume that such standards are available.
The Passing of Lay Coroners
Authors: Childs RS 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In 1945 a committee of the American Medical Association (AMA) published a report [1] deploring the condition of the coroner service throughout the United States. The AMA report stated that “medicine participates less effectively in the administration of justice in the United States than it does in any comparable country in the world.” Although the medical profession throughout the country was aware of the situation already, there was apparently no follow-up nor any change instituted as a result of that report. Presumably the obstacles to reforming the situation seemed invulnerable, for the offices of coroners in most states were imbedded in the state's constitution as were those of county boards, sheriffs, county clerks, prosecutors, and various others. These minor offices, along with the other dull and minor posts that appeared periodically on local ballots, failed almost completely to attract the attention or scrutiny of typical voters. Voters, in the course of marking a paper ballot or pulling little levers on a voting machine, came to such minor offices and voted for all the Democrats or all the Republicans without being able, as they left the polls, to tell you the names of the candidates. The sovereign people have their own royal notion of what is interesting or relatively important in their daily lives, and have taken this attitude toward the great lists of minor offices ever since the era of Andrew Jackson. They are not to be sneered at for being so sensible as to bestow their attention on nearer and dearer matters of private concern; however, this condition left the selection of minor offices to the ticket makers of the two major political parties in each county, a group trivial in numbers and concerned with self interest and party interest in distributing these minor jobs to loyal party members. In perhaps half the 3000-odd counties of the United States, a single party has held, and still holds, consecutive control for generations on end. The situation excluded selection of professionals, since the coronership, like the other county offices, was sure to be awarded to a local aspirant.
Standardization of Forensic Drug Analyses
Authors: Frank RS , Gunn JW 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The subject of standardization of methodology used in the forensic sciences has been a controversial topic studied at length for the past several years. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has formed a committee to study standardization of forensic analyses, and the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) has sections devoted to forensic sciences and narcotic and dangerous drugs. Members of the legal profession have strongly advocated the use of only “standard” procedures in the examination of evidence for court purposes.
Neutron Radiography with 252Cf in Forensic Science
Authors: Cason JL 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Nuclear methods have been developed and applied in most scientific fields in recent years, including the forensic sciences. One of the newest nuclear techniques is neutron radiography. Although the first radiograph with neutrons was made in 1935, only since the availability of large neutron sources has the experimental technique been developed into an acceptable nondestructive testing method. With the introduction of reactors, neutron radiography made rapid advances. Research with neutron sources such as Pu-Be, Sb-Be, and neutron generators has also aided its development. However, until 252Cf was made available all useful neutron sources were stationary and costly.
The Determination of Excipient Sugar Diluents in Illicit Preparations Containing Heroin by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Miller MD 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The examination of illicit heroin by the forensic scientist will often entail the identification of adulterants and excipients for intelligence purposes. Fulton [1] in an earlier study of adulterant and diluent content of contraband heroin, found quinine, mannitol, and lactose to be the most common diluents. Knowledge of the various diluents used to cut heroin may provide clues that will enable law enforcement agencies to correlate heroin traffic in diverse metropolitan and geographical areas.
A Study of the Refractive Index Variations Within and Between Sealed Beam Headlights Using a Precise Method
Authors: Ojena SM , De Forest PR 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
One of the primary goals of the forensic scientist is to be able to individualize physical evidence. Associated with this goal is the underlying assumption that no two things are exactly alike. Individualization has been obtained if it can be unequivocally stated that this fingerprint is that of John Doe, or that this piece of glass is from this sealed beam head-lamp and no other. Unfortunately, due to practical limitations, individualization is not always possible. In such a case the forensic scientist must examine all information available and then make an “estimate of the situation” [1] often based upon his past experience. The purpose of this paper is to aid the forensic scientist so that he may make a better estimate of the forensic value of automobile headlamp glass when confronted with this type of evidence.
Forensic Medicine
Authors: Helpern M 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
There has always been a relationship between medicine and law. Statutes governing the liability of the physician were included in the ancient code of Hammurabi and in Roman Law. The law makers always attached a real importance to medicine in connection with basic rules pertaining to paternity, life and death, and medical evidence. Minimal and maximal duration of pregnancy was fixed in Roman Law.
Experimental Injuries of the Eye Caused by a Tear Gas Pen Gun Loaded with Ortho-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile
Authors: Ayers KM , Stahl CJ 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The wounding effects and lesions of the eye resulting from tear gas pen guns and other tear gas devices have been reported recently [1,2,3]. The tear gas devices, however, were usually loaded with chloroacetophenone (CN). Recent articles [4,5] describe the eye lesions resulting from spraying a solution of ortho-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (CS) into the eyes of rabbits and man. Eye injuries caused by the discharge of tear gas pen guns loaded with CS, however, have not been considered previously, and a review of the medical literature disclosed no reports of injuries of this type.
Problems and Pitfalls in Blood Grouping Tests for Non-Parentage IV. Qualifications of Experts
Authors: Wiener AS 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The ready availability of commercial blood typing sera has led to the tacit assumption that any pathologist or laboratory technician is qualified to carry out blood grouping tests in medicolegal cases of disputed paternity, even without any previous experience or contact with problems of this nature. Suspensions of red cells from the putative father, mother, and child are merely mixed in turn with each of a battery of antisera, according to the printed directions of the manufacturer, and after the specified period of incubation, centrifugation or mixing, the reactions are read as positive or negative, depending on the presence or absence of agglutination of the red cells. The reactions for each blood specimen are then listed in tabular form for all the antisera used, and a decision is made whether or not paternity is excluded. However, the tests are by no means as simple as this description indicates; to be fully qualified to carry out such examinations one must have extensive training and experience in the field because the tests are delicate and subject to technical errors. Moreover, when the worker lacks thorough understanding, mistakes in the interpretation of the findings are inevitable, especially when it comes to the important and complex Rh-Hr blood types.
A Review of “Medicolegal Investigation of Death”
Authors: Froede RC 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Medicolegal Investigation of Death is the first new textbook concerning this subject to be published in the United States in 20 years. It is the authors' stated purpose to answer these needs by developing a text establishing guidelines for the application of pathology to crime investigation. The text is a fairly comprehensive volume covering a wide range of medicolegal problems confronting the criminal investigator, the attorney, and the novice forensic pathologist. It was also the purpose of the authors and 14 very capable contributors to introduce the complex subject of the pathology of trauma to a varied professional audience.
A Review of “Investigation of Violent and Sudden Death”
Authors: Rupp JC 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This slender volume of 87 pages is not a comprehensive treatise on forensic pathology, but is meant to serve as a guide for the practicing physician or hospital pathologist, who by circumstance or inclination finds himself involved in forensic problems and death investigation. The book is succinct, and often too brief; almost every sentence could be expanded into at least a paragraph and sometimes even a chapter. However, the chapters are readable and the book well organized.
The Trace Metal Detection Technique (TMDT): A Report Outlining a Procedure for Photographing Results in Color, and Some Factors Influencing the Results in Controlled Laboratory Tests
Authors: Stevens JM , Messler H 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
When the investigation of a crime involving the use of a firearm leads to the apprehension of one or more suspects, the question inevitably arises as to whether or not some connection between the weapon involved and an individual suspect can be established. Frequently at this point the question becomes a problem for the forensic scientist, and his ability to demonstrate a physical link between suspect and weapon may be of vital consequence to the successful completion of the investigation and subsequent prosecution of the suspect. However, a glaring disparity becomes evident when one considers the elemental importance of this problem, and the paucity of valid methods available to the forensic scientist which he may use to solve it.
Fallacies in the Signs of Death
Authors: Burton JF 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Philosophers of old and great men of medicine have recorded changes in the human body for thousands of years (circa 2600 B.C.). One of the better known references to postmortem decomposition is recorded in the Bible: It was Lazarus of Bethany, brother of Martha and Mary, who was one of the first “stinkers.” Jesus said “Take ye away the stone.” Martha said to Jesus, “Lord, by this time he stinketh for he hath been dead four days” (John 11:39).
The Stability of PGM and AK Isoenzymes in Human Tissues
Authors: Rothwell TJ , Sayce MD 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Many blood group systems are known and are in regular use in blood transfusion laboratories. Such laboratories deal with fresh samples of blood in good condition. The forensic laboratory, on the other hand, mostly must work with dried blood in the form of stains on many different substrates and in all types of condition, and the only blood grouping tests suitable for forensic use are those in which the group factors are stable to drying. In this context it is useful to know how stable the various blood group factors are and to determine whether these factors change with age, for this could lead to confusion in typing the material.
An Attempt at Determining Probabilities in Human Scalp Hair Comparison
Authors: Gaudette BD , Keeping ES 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
“You have testified that the hair found at the scene of the crime is similar to those of the accused's scalp. What are the chances that it could have originated from someone else?” This familiar question is frequently asked examiners presenting hair evidence in court. It was in an attempt to answer such questions that this study was begun.
A Revised Method of Classifying Fraudulent Checks in a Document Examination Laboratory
Authors: Schroeder EHW 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
When the Fraudulent Cheque File was organized in this laboratory in 1959, checks were filed under such headings as modus operandi, company names, suspects' names, dates of birth, and aliases, as well as headings related to the actual composition of the check—typewriting, checkwriting, etc. Only when search under these headings was successful could a handwriting comparison be made.
The Use of Chemical Spot Tests Kits for the Presumptive Identification of Narcotics and Drugs of Abuse
Authors: Velapoldi RA , Wicks SA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
It is well known that chemical spot tests contribute to and are used for the identification of various substances [1–5]. From this information, chemical spot test kits have been commercially developed which are used by many law enforcement agencies for the identification of narcotics and drugs of abuse. There are basically two types of problems associated with the use of these kits, one which is inherent in the color reaction and the other which lies with color interpretation.
A Review of “Scientific Evidence in Criminal Cases”
Authors: Crown DA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the considered judgment of this reviewer, this new book by Moenssens, Moses, and Inbau is one of the best books of its type on the market today. In a little over 600 pages, the authors manage to survey the forensic sciences in just enough depth to give the layman sufficient data to discuss a topic intelligently. No attempt has been made to make this a definitive treatise, a training manual for scientists, a compendium of research efforts, or a textbook for practitioners. Each category of evidence is covered as to methodology, significance, and courtroom usage.
A Review of “We Mainline Dreams: The Odyssey House Story”
Authors: Doherty RC 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Ever so rarely does one find a book so unique that it should appeal to all disciplines of our Academy. It should also grip the attention of the general public, ranging from the adolescent to the sociologically minded adult, with satisfaction. This is a dynamically personal book on many levels—psychological, medical, political, and social. The author, Dr. Judianne Densen-Gerber, J.D., M.D. (a Fellow and proposed Dame of our Academy), projects her sociological philosophy into a workable program. We Mainline Dreams: The Odyssey House Story relates the story of Odyssey House, a drug rehabilitation program which began in 1967 with 17 addicts and $3.82 and has progressed to its present growth of 33 facilities in six states.