bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of feeding Bt MON810 maize to sows during first gestation and lactation on maternal and offspring health indicators
Authors: Walsh Maria C. , Buzoianu Stefan G. , Gardiner Gillian E. , Rea Mary C. , O'Donovan Orla , Ross R. Paul , Lawlor Peadar G. 
Published: November 2012

A total of twenty-four sows and their offspring were used in a 20-week study to investigate the effects of feeding GM maize on maternal and offspring health. Sows were fed diets containing GM or non-GM maize from service to the end of lactation. GM maize-fed sows were heavier on day 56 of gestation (P< 0·05). Offspring from sows fed GM maize tended to be lighter at weaning (P= 0·08). Sows fed GM maize tended to have decreased serum total protein (P= 0·08), and increased serum creatinine (P< 0·05) and γ-glutamyltransferase activity (P= 0·07) on day 28 of lactation. Serum urea tended to be decreased on day 110 of gestation in GM maize-fed sows (P= 0·10) and in offspring at birth (P= 0·08). Both platelet count (P= 0·07) and mean cell Hb concentration (MCHC;P= 0·05) were decreased on day 110 of gestation in GM maize-fed sows; however, MCHC tended to be increased in offspring at birth (P= 0·08). There was a minimal effect of feeding GM maize to sows during gestation and lactation on maternal and offspring serum biochemistry and haematology at birth and body weight at weaning.
Vitamin C supplementation in relation to inflammation in individuals with atrophic gastritis: a randomised controlled trial in Japan
Authors: Ma Enbo , Sasazuki Shizuka , Sasaki Satoshi , Tsubono Yoshitaka , Okubo Shunji , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: November 2012

Evidence has shown that both C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid component A (SAA) are increased in individuals with gastritis and stomach cancer. Controlling the level of these biomarkers by inhibiting the gastric infection with high doses of ascorbic acid may reduce the risk of carcinogenesis. A population-based double-blind randomised controlled trial in a Japanese population with atrophic gastritis in an area of high stomach cancer incidence was conducted between 1995 and 2000. Daily doses of 50 or 500 mg vitamin C were given, and 120 and 124 participants completed the 5-year study, respectively. Although serum ascorbic acid was higher in the high-dosage group (1·73 (sd 0·46) μg/l) than in the low-dosage group (1·49 (sd 0·29) μg/l, P< 0·001), at the end of the study, no significant difference was observed for CRP between the low- and high-dosage groups (0·39 (95 % CI 0·04, 4·19) mg/l and 0·38 (95 % CI 0·03, 4·31) mg/l, respectively; P= 0·63) or for SAA between the low- and high-dosage groups (3·94 (95 % CI 1·04, 14·84) μg/ml and 3·85 (95 % CI 0·99, 14·92) μg/ml, respectively; P= 0·61). Vitamin C supplementation may not have a strong effect on reducing infections in individuals with atrophic gastritis.
Glycaemic index and glycaemic load in relation to risk of diabetes-related cancers: a meta-analysis
Authors: Choi Yuni , Giovannucci Edward , Lee Jung Eun 
Published: November 2012

Diets high in glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) have been hypothesised to increase the risks of certain cancers by increasing blood glucose or insulin concentrations. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to evaluate the association between GI or GL and diabetes-related cancers (DRC), including bladder, breast, colon–rectum, endometrium, liver and pancreas, which are associated with an increased risk for diabetes, and prostate cancer, which is associated with a reduced risk for diabetes. We searched Pubmed, EMBASE and MEDLINE databases up to September 2011 and reference lists of relevant articles. Relative risks (RR) and 95 % CI for the highestv.the lowest categories were extracted and pooled using a random-effects model. Thirty-six prospective cohort studies with a total of 60 811 DRC cases were included in the present meta-analysis. In a comparison of the highest and lowest categories, the pooled RR of DRC were 1·07 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·11;n30) for GI and 1·02 (95 % CI 0·96, 1·08;n33) for GL. In an analysis of site-specific cancer risks, we found significant associations for GI in relation to breast cancer (RR 1·06; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·11;n11) and colorectal cancer (RR 1·08; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·17;n9 studies). GL was significantly associated with the risk of endometrial cancer (RR 1·21; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·37;n5). In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest a modest-to-weak association between a diet that induces a high glucose response and DRC risks.
Effects of exercise before or after meal ingestion on fat balance and postprandial metabolism in overweight men
Authors: Farah Nor M. F. , Gill Jason M. R. 
Published: November 2012

It is unclear how timing of exercise relative to meal ingestion influences substrate balance and metabolic responses. The present study aimed to compare the effects of exercise performed before or after breakfast on fat balance and postprandial metabolism. A total of ten sedentary overweight men (aged 28·1 (sem10·7) years, BMI 29·0 (sem2·8) kg/m2) underwent three trials in random order involving: (1) performing no exercise (CON), or walking for 60 min at 50 % maximal O2uptake either (2) before (Ex-Meal) or (3) after (Meal-Ex) consuming a standardised breakfast meal. In each trial anad libitumlunch was provided 3·5 h after breakfast. Substrate utilisation was assessed by indirect calorimetry and blood was taken at regular intervals over an 8·5 h observation period. At the end of the observation period, fat balances in the Ex-Meal ( − 1043 (sem270) kJ) and Meal-Ex ( − 697 (sem201) kJ) trials were both significantly lower than CON (204 (sem165) kJ) and fat balance in the Ex-Meal trial was significantly lower than in the Meal-Ex trial (allP <0·0001). Compared with the CON trial, the 8·5 h postprandial TAG response was only significantly lowered in the Ex-Meal trial ( − 17 %,P =0·025) and not in the Meal-Ex trial ( − 11 %,P =0·20). Both the Ex-Meal and Meal-Ex trials showed significantly lowered insulin responses relative to the CON trial (by 19 and 24 %, respectively,P <0·01 for both). There were no differences in lunch energy intake between trials. The present findings suggest that there may be an advantage for body fat regulation and lipid metabolism in exercising before compared with after breakfast. However, further study is needed to determine whether the present findings extend over the long term under free-living conditions.
The mid-Cretaceous transition from basement to cover within sedimentary rocks in eastern New Zealand: evidence from detrital zircon age patterns
Authors: ADAMS CHRISTOPHER J. , MORTIMER NICK , CAMPBELL HAMISH J. , GRIFFIN WILLIAM L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDetrital zircon U-Pb ages for 30 Late Jurassic and Cretaceous sandstones from the Eastern Province of eastern New Zealand, combined with previously-published geochronological and palaeontological data, constrain the time of deposition in the Pahau and Waioeka terranes of the Cretaceous accretionary margin of Zealandia, and their adjacent cover strata. The zircon age patterns also constrain possible sediment source areas and mid-Cretaceous geodynamic models of the transition from basement accretionary wedge to passive-margin cover successions. Pahau Terrane deposition was mainly Barremian to Aptian but continued locally through to late Albian time, with major source areas in the adjacent Kaweka and Waipapa terranes and minor inputs from the inboard Median Batholith. Waioeka Terrane deposition was mainly Albian, with distinctive and exclusive sediment sources, principally from the Median Batholith but with minor inputs from the Western Province. Alternative tectonic models to deliver such exclusive Median Batholith and Western Province-derived sediment to the mid-Cretaceous Zealandia continental margin are: (1) the creation of a rift depression across Zealandia or (2) sinistral displacement of South Zealandia with respect to North Zealandia, to expose Western Province rocks directly at the Zealandia margin. Detrital zircon age patterns of Cretaceous cover successions of the Eastern Province of eastern New Zealand demonstrate purely local sources in the adjacent Kaweka and Waipapa terranes. Cretaceous zircon components show a decline in successions of late Early Cretaceous age and disappear by late Late Cretaceous time, suggesting the abandonment or loss of access to both the Median Batholith and Western Province as sediment sources.
A GRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF (Dn,An−1) KAZHDAN–LUSZTIG POLYNOMIALS
Authors: LEJCZYK TOBIAS , STROPPEL CATHARINA 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe give an easy diagrammatical description of the parabolic Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials for the Weyl group Wn of type Dn with parabolic subgroup of type An and consequently an explicit counting formula for the dimension of morphism spaces between indecomposable projective objects in the corresponding category . As a by-product we categorify irreducible Wn-modules corresponding to the pairs of one-line partitions. Finally, we indicate the motivation for introducing the combinatorics by connections to the Springer theory, the category of perverse sheaves on isotropic Grassmannians, and to the Brauer algebras, which will be treated in two subsequent papers of the second author.
Hydraulic resistances in seedlings of Coffea arabica accessions under contrasting shade regimes in southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: TAYE K. , BURKHARDT J. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe study was carried out to determine the variations among different Coffea arabica germplasm lines in hydraulic resistances under controlled nursery settings at the Jimma Agricultural Research Center in southwest Ethiopia. The experimental treatments included contrasting shade conditions (moderate shading v. full sunlight) and seedlings of 12 arabica coffee accessions of varying geographical areas in Ethiopia. Root hydraulic conductance and hydraulic resistances in the whole-shoot and different shoot parts were measured using a high-pressure flow meter. The results depicted significantly lower hydraulic resistances in the whole-shoot and in various shoot segments from the full sunlight exposed seedlings. The contribution of root and shoot resistances varied significantly in response to shade treatments. Likewise, seedlings of coffee accessions exhibited significant variation in the resistance contribution of the main stem-cut to whole-shoot resistances. The maximum hydraulic resistances in main stem-cut were noted in the order of Bonga>Berhane-Kontir>Yayu>Harenna coffee populations, suggesting a direct relationship between growth and hydraulic characteristics. The resistance contributions declined across seedling growth parts: roots>leaf>whole-shoot>lateral branch>petiole, which is consistent with hydraulic gradients and thus sensitivity to drought stress. Moreover, the findings indicate the possibility of predicating the latter stage performances of coffee genotypes at specific field locations. In support of the hypothesis, the effects of both environmental and genetic factors need to be considered in fully understanding drought tolerance strategies in coffee genotypes. In view of the continuous multifaceted threats on the untapped coffee genetic resources, due mainly to, among others, anthropogenic activities coupled with climate change, there is an urgent need for global collaborative actions for future development of the coffee sector in Ethiopia and worldwide.
Immune response of heifers against aStaphylococcus aureusCP5 whole cell vaccine formulated with ISCOMATRIX™adjuvant
Authors: Camussone Cecilia M , Veaute Carolina M , Porporatto Carina , Morein Bror , Marcipar Iván S , Calvinho Luis F 
Published: November 2012

The shortcomings of Staphylococcus aureus vaccines to control bovine mastitis have been attributed to insufficient capacity of the vaccines to induce opsonizing antibodies and to stimulate cellular immune responses. Types of antigen, administration route and adjuvant used in a vaccine formulation have been identified as critical factors for the development of opsonic antibodies. Current commercially available vaccines for Staph. aureus bovine mastitis control are formulated with Al(OH)3and oil-based adjuvants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune response of heifers immunized with a Staph. aureus CP5 whole cell vaccine formulated either with Al(OH)3or ISCOMATRIX™. Twenty primigravid Holstein dairy heifers in the last trimester of gestation were immunized either with a vaccine formulated with ISCOMATRIX™(n = 6), Al(OH)3(n = 7), or saline solution (placebo) (n = 7). Immunization was carried out 38 and 10 d before calving. Heifers vaccinated with Staph. aureus adjuvanted with ISCOMATRIX™responded with significantly higher levels of anti-bacterin and anti-CP5 IgG and IgG2in sera than animals in the Al(OH)3or control groups. Animals in the ISCOMATRIX™group responded with significantly higher anti-bacterin specific IgG in whey than animals in the Al(OH)3and control groups, detected from the first week post calving until 60 d of lactation. Sera from animals inoculated with Staph. aureus in ISCOMATRIX™, obtained 7 d post partum, significantly increased both the number of neutrophils ingesting bacteria and the number of bacteria being ingested by the neutrophils, compared with sera obtained from heifers vaccinated with Al(OH)3or non-vaccinated controls. These features coupled to safety of the ISCOMATRIX™formulation, warrant additional studies.
Dividend Growth, Cash Flow, and Discount Rate News
Authors: Garrett Ian , Priestley Richard 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUsing a new variable based on a model of dividend smoothing, we find that dividend growth is highly predictable and that cash flow news contributes importantly to return variability. Cash flow betas derived from this predictability are central to explaining the size effect in the cross section of returns. However, they do not explain the value effect; this is explained by noise betas. We also find that the relative importance of cash flow news in explaining recent stock price run-ups and subsequent declines increases when cash flow news is estimated directly.
“Preparing” the Equity Market for Adverse Corporate Events: A Theoretical Analysis of Firms Cutting Dividends
Authors: Chemmanur Thomas J. , Tian Xuan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper presents the first theoretical analysis of the choice of firms between “preparing” and not preparing the equity market in advance of a possible dividend cut. In our model, insiders have private information about their firm’s intermediate cash flow as well as about the net present value of its growth opportunity. We show that, in equilibrium, firms in temporary financial difficulties but with good long-term growth prospects are more likely to prepare the market in advance of dividend cuts, while those with permanently declining earnings are less likely to prepare the market. Our model generates several new testable predictions.
Application of the Vibrant Soundbridge middle-ear implant for aural atresia in patients with Treacher Collins syndrome
Authors: Lesinskas E , Stankeviciute V , Petrulionis M 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjective:To present results for the auditory rehabilitation of patients with Treacher Collins syndrome with bilateral osseous atresia, using middle-ear implantation with a Vibrant Soundbridge.Methods:Three patients underwent vibroplasty for aural atresia with moderate to severe conductive hearing loss. The pre-operative Jahrsdoerfer radiological score was 4 for all patients. Patients underwent active middle-ear implantation of a Vibrant Soundbridge implant (coupling the floating mass transducer to the rudimentary stapes or footplate distally, and positioning it adjacent to the round window membrane proximally), with audiological analysis as follow up.Results:After implant activation, the mean air conduction threshold ± standard deviation decreased to 22.8 ± 5.5 dB HL, representing a mean functional gain of 44.5 dB. The mean word recognition score (for bisyllabic words at 65 dB SPL) increased from 0 to 97 per cent.Conclusion:Vibrant Soundbridge implantation is an effective hearing rehabilitation procedure in patients with Treacher Collins syndrome with bilateral osseous atresia. This is a versatile implant which can achieve coupling even in cases of severe middle-ear malformation.
The ENT emergency clinic: does senior input matter?
Authors: Mirza A , McClelland L , Daniel M , Jones N 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground:Many ENT conditions can be treated in the emergency clinic on an ambulatory basis. Our clinic traditionally had been run by foundation year two and specialty trainee doctors (period one). However, with perceived increasing inexperience, a dedicated registrar was assigned to support the clinic (period two). This study compared admission and discharge rates for periods one and two to assess if greater registrar input affected discharge rate; an increase in discharge rate was used as a surrogate marker of efficiency.Method:Data was collected prospectively for patients seen in the ENT emergency clinic between 1 August 2009 and 31 July 2011. Time period one included data from patients seen between 1 August 2009 and 31 July 2010, and time period two included data collected between 1 August 2010 and 31 July 2011.Results:The introduction of greater registrar support increased the number of patients that were discharged, and led to a reduction in the number of children requiring the operating theatre.Conclusion:The findings, which were determined using clinic outcomes as markers of the quality of care, highlighted the benefits of increasing senior input within the ENT emergency clinic.
Neonatal airway lesions: our experience and a review of the literature
Authors: Rangachari V , Aggarwal R , Jain A , Kapoor M C 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectives:This paper reports on two rare cases of neonatal airway lesions with differing aetiology that were successfully managed by surgery, and provides a review of the literature on neonatal stridor and airway lesions.Case reports:In the first case report, a newborn presented with a nasopharyngeal teratoma. In the second case report, a newborn presented with a congenital laryngeal saccular cyst. Difficulties in the diagnosis of these lesions, and surgical and anaesthetic challenges in their management are discussed.Conclusion:Every case of neonatal airway distress must be evaluated and the cause of stridor needs to be established. It is important that rare lesions such as teratomas and laryngeal cysts are not overlooked; a high index of suspicion for these congenital anomalies is necessary. These airway lesions should be managed in an institutional setting by a multidisciplinary team.
Observation of virus-like particles in thin sections of the bleaching scleractinian coral Acropora cytherea
Authors: Bettarel Yvan , Thuy Nguyen Thanh , Huy Tran Quang , Hoang Phan Kim , Bouvier Thierry 
Published: November 2012

Virus-like particles were observed in thin sections of partially bleaching colonies of the scleractinian Acropora cytherea, collected in the Hon Mun Marine Protected Area (Vietnam). The most common particles were found in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells, exhibiting icosahedral symmetry and measuring 90–140 nm in diameter. Some had a tail-like structure resembling that of certain Hepadnaviridae such as the hepatitis B virus. Some others were tailless with a virion size. Overall, less than 10% of the cells showed obvious signs of infection. Images of virally-parasitized tissues of A. cytherea provide further evidence that corals are a target for viral infection. However, more research is required into their pathogenicity and involvement in bleaching events.
Growth of the blue mackerel Scomber scombrus in Tunisia using the otolith microstructure
Authors: Jabeur Chédia , Mahmoudi Kacem , Khoufi Widien , Morize Eric 
Published: November 2012

This paper studies the age and the growth of male and female of the Tunisian blue mackerel Scomber scombrus during 2004–2006. The age was determined by interpreting and counting daily increments on the otoliths sagitta of 320 individuals sampled from landings caught by different gears specially by purse seine. The parameters of the Von Bertalanffy growth curve were estimated for sexes combined: Lf = 31.46(1 − e−0.228 (t+3.034)) (L∞ = 31.46 cm, k = 0.228 per year, t0 = −3.034 years); for male Lf = 27.43(1 − e−0.422 (t+1.747)) (L∞ = 27.43 cm, k = 0.422 per year, t0 = −1.747 years) and for female Lf = 31.70(1 − e−0.227 (t+2.196)) (L∞ = 31.70 cm, k = 0.227 per year, t0 = −2.916 years) for the whole study period. The difference between the growth of male and female is not significant. The relationship between length and weight shows a length growth faster than of the weight with parameters of the equation Wt = a*Lb; a = 9.89*10−5 and b = 2.37 for the sexes combined.
Sexual seasonal growth of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) caught by mid-water trawl and purse seine in the southern Black Sea
Authors: Bilgin Sabri , Taşçi Burak , Bal Hatice 
Published: November 2012

The seasonal growth pattern and size composition of the European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus caught by mid-water trawl and purse seine was studied in the southern Black Sea between October 2010 and April 2011. Total length (TL) and size distribution of females caught by purse seine was higher than males and females obtained from mid-water trawl (P < 0.05). The seasonal von Bertalanffy growth parameters, computed from monthly length–frequency distributions, were estimated as asymptotic length to which the fish grow (L∞) = 13.01 cm TL, growth-rate parameter (K) = 0.993 year−1, amplitude of the sinusoidal growth oscillations (C) = 0.800, and the time of the year when the growth rate is slowest, the winter period (WP) = 0.298 for males and as L∞ = 13.69 cm TL, K = 1.249 year−1, C = 0.950, and WP = 0.151 for females caught by mid-water trawl. The seasonal von Bertalanffy growth parameters for anchovy obtained from purse seine fishing in the Rize region were estimated as L∞ = 14.00 cm TL, K = 0.800 year−1, C = 0.980, and WP = 0.212 for males and as L∞ = 13.93 cm TL, K = 0.994 year−1, C = 0.725, and WP = 0.319 for females. The period of slowest growth for males and females estimated between February and April, which is the period with a relatively low water temperature and consequently anchovy in the southern Black Sea have a seasonal growth pattern.