bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WISC‐III Cognitive Profiles in Children with Developmental Dyslexia: Specific Cognitive Disability and Diagnostic Utility
Authors: Moura Octávio , Simões Mário R. , Pereira Marcelino 
Published: November 2013

This study analysed the usefulness of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition in identifying specific cognitive impairments that are linked to developmental dyslexia (DD) and the diagnostic utility of the most common profiles in a sample of 100 Portuguese children (50 dyslexic and 50 normal readers) between the ages of 8 and 12 years. Children with DD exhibited significantly lower scores in the Verbal Comprehension Index (except the Vocabulary subtest), Freedom from Distractibility Index (FDI) and Processing Speed Index subtests, with larger effect sizes than normal readers in Information, Arithmetic and Digit Span. The Verbal–Performance IQs discrepancies, Bannatyne pattern and the presence of FDI; Arithmetic, Coding, Information and Digit Span subtests (ACID) and Symbol Search, Coding, Arithmetic and Digit Span subtests (SCAD) profiles (full or partial) in the lowest subtests revealed a low diagnostic utility. However, the receiver operating characteristic curve and the optimal cut‐off score analyses of the composite ACID; FDI and SCAD profiles scores showed moderate accuracy in correctly discriminating dyslexic readers from normal ones. These results suggested that in the context of a comprehensive assessment, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition provides some useful information about the presence of specific cognitive disabilities in DD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Practitioner Points

Children with developmental dyslexia revealed significant deficits in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition subtests that rely on verbal abilities, processing speed and working memory.
The composite Arithmetic, Coding, Information and Digit Span subtests (ACID); Freedom from Distractibility Index and Symbol Search, Coding, Arithmetic and Digit Span subtests (SCAD) profile scores showed moderate accuracy in correctly discriminating dyslexics from normal readers.
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition may provide some useful information about the presence of specific cognitive disabilities in developmental dyslexia.
Evaluation of polyphenol decay in the oily fraction of olive fruit during storage using a mild sample handling method
Authors: Zullo Biagi Angelo , Di Stefano Maria Giovanna , Cioccia Giuseppe , Ciafardini Gino 
Published: November 2013

A mild sample handling method able to minimize polyphenol degradation due to endogenous enzymes during the sample preparation permitted the assessment of polyphenol decay in the oily fraction of the olives during their storage before processing. During 7 days of storage at 15°C, the concentration of polyphenols in the olives was stable in vegetation water, whereas in the oily fraction of the fruits it remained almost constant in the first 3 days and then decreased rapidly. The polyphenol decay of the oily fraction of the stored olives can be attributed to the oxidoreductase enzymes of the fruit as well as those produced by the microbiota grown in the carposphere during storage. The activity of phenoloxidase in the olive pulp decreased drastically in the first 2 days of storage, and then decreased gradually, whereas peroxidase activity showed a gradual reduction throughout the entire storage period. The microbiological analysis showed a rapid increase of bacteria and yeast number during the first 4 days, then the values leveled out during the storage period. Phenoloxidase activity of microbic origin was low during the first 3 days then increased rapidly, whereas peroxidase activity increased during the first 3 days then leveled out to the same values for the duration of the storage time.Practical applications: The mild sample handling method of extraction studied was able to minimize olive oil polyphenol degradation during the sample preparation due to the endogenous enzymes of the olive fruits. The use of this method allows for the improvement of virgin olive oil quality, through the assessment of polyphenol concentration decay during all the stages of olive oil production, including that of fruit storage before processing.
Electropolymerised Phenolic Films as Internal Barriers for Oxidase Enzyme Biosensors
Authors: Spehar‐Délèze Anna‐Maria , Anastasova Salzitsa , Vadgama Pankaj 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe properties of electropolymerised phenolic films at amperometric needle electrodes were investigated and their applicability as selective, internal barriers for potential in vivo oxidase enzyme based biosensors evaluated. Polyphenol, poly(phenol red) and dual layer poly(phenol red)/poly(4‐aminophenol) films were formed by electropolymerisation and compared with a solvent deposited sulfonated polyether ether sulfonepolyether sulfone (SPEES‐PES) membrane. Phenol red had two distinct cyclic voltammetry peaks on platinum: an oxidative peak at +0.70 V and a reduction peak at −0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively. Also, the film enhanced the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide by a factor of 3–4, making it an attractive barrier for oxidase based biosensors. Lactate sensors made with polyphenolic electropolymers and solvent deposited SPEES/PES were compared for selectivity and lactate response; the latter showed better selectivity against acetaminophen but less selectivity against ascorbic acid. When sensors were sterilised by standard gamma – irradiation for in vivo application, the polyphenolic films degraded and lost selectivity, whilst SPEES/PES survived unchanged. Salivary lactate was monitored during exercise with electropolymerised film sensors and demonstrated mean lactate increases of 0.3–0.6 mM.
Investigation of Copper(II) Interference on the Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Lead(II) and Cadmium(II) at Bismuth Film Electrode
Authors: Yang Die , Wang Liang , Chen Zuliang , Megharaj Mallavarapu , Naidu Ravi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe bismuth‐coated electrode is known to be prone to errors caused by copper(II). This study investigates copper(II) interference at bismuth film electrode for the detection of lead(II) and cadmium(II). It was conducted using glassy carbon electrode, while the bismuth film was plated in situ simultaneously with the target metal ions at − 1200 mV. Copper(II) presented in solution significantly reduced the sensitivity of the electrode, for example there was an approximately 70 % and 90 % decrease in peak signals for lead(II) and cadmium(II), respectively, at a 10‐fold molar excess of copper(II). The decrease in sensitivity was ascribed to the competition between copper and bismuth or the metal ions for surface active sites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis suggested a large decrease in the amount of bismuth nanoparticles formed on the electrode surface in the presence of copper(II) occurred, validating the competition between copper and bismuth ions for surface active sites. Recovery of the stripping signal of lead(II) and cadmium(II) was obtained by adding ferrocyanide ion to the solution. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to determine lead(II) and cadmium(II) in water samples and the method was validated by ICP‐MS technique.
Simultaneous determination of free and total glycerol in biodiesel by capillary electrophoresis using multiple short‐end injection
Authors: Spudeit Daniel Alfonso , Piovezan Marcel , Dolzan Maressa D. , Vistuba Jacqueline Pereira , Azevedo Mônia Stremel , Vitali Luciano , Leal Oliveira Marcone Augusto , Oliveira Costa Ana Carolina , Micke Gustavo Amadeu 
Published: November 2013

A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of free glycerol (FG) and total glycerol (TG) in biodiesel by CE using a short‐end multiple injection (SE/MI) configuration system is described. The sample preparation for FG involves the extraction of glycerol with water and for TG a saponification reaction is carried out followed by extraction as in the case of FG. The glycerol extracted in both cases is submitted to periodate oxidation and the iodate ions formed are measured on a CE‐SE/MI system. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that no analytical procedure has been previously reported for the determination of TG (or of FG and TG simultaneously) by CE. The optimum conditions for the saponification/extraction process were 1.25% KOH and 25°C, with a time of only 5 min, and biodiesel mass in the range of 50.0–200.0 mg can be used. Multiple injections were performed hydrodynamically with negative pressure as follows: 50 mbar/3s (FG sample); 50 mbar/6s (electrolyte spacer); 50 mbar/3s (TG sample). The linear range obtained was 1.55–46.5 mg/L with R2> 0.99. The LOD and LOQ were 0.16 mg/L and 0.47 mg/L, respectively for TG. The method provides acceptable throughput for application in quality control and monitoring biodiesel synthesis process. In addition, it offers simple sample preparation (saponification process), it can be applied to a variety biodiesel samples (soybean, castor, and waste cooking oils) and it can be used for the determination of two key parameters related to the biodiesel quality with a fast separation (less than 30 s) using an optimized CE‐SE/MI system.
Research of Flywheel System Energy Harvesting Technology for Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles
Authors: Kuo J.‐K. , Hsieh H.‐K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this study, two fuel‐cell hybrid systems for the energy performance comparison of fuel‐cell hybrid vehicles (FCHVs) are presented. A Matlab/Simulink modelwas constructed, and the main power source was a fuel cell. A lithium battery and a flywheel battery were the auxiliary power sources. A vehicle driving test, FTP‐75 (Federal Test Procedure), was applied for four different control modes:mixed common output mode, normal driving charge mode, fuel‐cell mode, and braking mode. FTP‐75 simulated the energy requirements and energy output stateof the full‐motor hybrid system.The results show that the recovered energy of the flywheel battery was higher than that of the lithium battery, and the output power was close to the motor output curve. The flywheel battery can withstand rapid charging and discharging, which substantially reduces time and instantaneous motor current output. It can also effectively reduce the load on the motor. Finally, the flywheel battery enhanced the driving range of the hybrid vehicle to a greater degree than the lithium battery did under the same conditions. The overall energy consumption is reduced by 22.7%; corresponding to a hydrogen saving of 17.8 g.
The clique potential of Markov random field in a random experiment for estimation of noise levels in 2D brain MRI
Authors: Osadebey Michael , Bouguila Nizar , Arnold Douglas ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTEffective performance of many image processing and image analysis algorithms is strongly dependent on accurate estimation of noise level. We exploit the simplicity and similarity of statistics of human anatomy among different subjects to develop new noise level estimation algorithm for magnetic resonance images of brain. Objects of the experiment are noise‐free 3D brain MRI of 422 subjects. There are 21 slices for each subject. For each slice, total clique potential (TCP) of Markov random field, computed from local clique potential, is indexed by 200 different levels of noise. The sample space is the set of TCP‐noise level data of each slice. The random variable is the set of indices of noise level of TCP in each element of sample space that is closest in numerical value to TCP measured from a test MRI slice. Noise level is estimated from the mean and variance of the random variable. We also report the formulation of a generalized mathematical model describing relationship between TCP and Rician noise level in brain MRI images. Our proposal can operate in the absence of signals in the background and significantly reduce modeling errors inherent in strong parametric assumptions adopted by some of the current algorithms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 304–413, 2013
3D image interpolation based on anisotropic diffusion of feature point correspondence
Authors: Sang Qiang , Zhang Jian‐Zhou 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAn automatic method has been developed to interpolate between neighboring slices in a gray‐scale data set by anisotropic diffusion of feature point correspondence. The feature point extracted is registered to form the feature vector. Thus a three dimensional (3D) weight anisotropic vector diffusion is introduced to spread the feature vector to the correspondence vector, which estimates spatial correspondence between adjacent slices. Bilinear interpolation is made along the direction of correspondence vector. Experiments are performed on medical data sets to evaluate the proposed method, showing that the new algorithm achieves good quality and improvement in efficiency relative to the traditional methods. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 338–345, 2013
Rounding frequency and hospital length of stay for children with respiratory illnesses: A simulation study
Authors: East Joseph , Cator Allison , Burns Emily , Lynn O'Gara Tara , Card Jason , Cohn Amy , Macy Michelle 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUNDPatient discharge from the hospital is linked to physician‐led rounds, whereas discharge from the emergency department (ED) is more fluid. The relationship between rounding and length of stay (LOS) has not been quantitatively described.OBJECTIVESTo describe the arrival and discharge patterns in the ED and inpatient settings for children with respiratory illnesses and to explore how the timing and frequency of rounding could impact LOS.DESIGN/SETTINGRetrospective administrative data analyses of visits for respiratory illnesses to a tertiary care pediatric ED from May 2007 to April 2010.METHODSED visits for common respiratory conditions were selected based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes, excluding complex comorbid conditions, severe illness, and intensive care unit admission. Discharge time was plotted against arrival time for the ED and inpatient unit. LOS was calculated. A Monte Carlo simulation model was developed to explore the influence of additional rounds on inpatient LOS.RESULTSOf the 5503 included visits, 1285 (23.4%) resulted in inpatient care. Discharges from the ED typically occurred 2 to 5 hours after arrival, whereas most inpatient discharges occurred between 11 am and 6 pm regardless of admission time. Simulating 1 additional rounding session decreased predicted inpatient LOS by approximately 5 hours.CONCLUSIONSIn contrast to ED discharges that occurred around the clock, inpatient discharges for children with respiratory illnesses were concentrated during afternoon hours. Increasing rounding frequency may improve hospital efficiency but could result in unintended consequences such as fewer opportunities for patient education. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:678–683. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
The readmission risk flag: Using the electronic health record to automatically identify patients at risk for 30‐day readmission
Authors: Baillie Charles A. , VanZandbergen Christine , Tait Gordon , Hanish Asaf , Leas Brian , French Benjamin , William Hanson C. , Behta Maryam , Umscheid Craig A. 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUNDIdentification of patients at high risk for readmission is a crucial step toward improving care and reducing readmissions. The adoption of electronic health records (EHR) may prove important to strategies designed to risk stratify patients and introduce targeted interventions.OBJECTIVETo develop and implement an automated prediction model integrated into our health system's EHR that identifies on admission patients at high risk for readmission within 30 days of discharge.DESIGNRetrospective and prospective cohort.SETTINGHealthcare system consisting of 3 hospitals.PATIENTSAll adult patients admitted from August 2009 to September 2012.INTERVENTIONSAn automated readmission risk flag integrated into the EHR.MEASURESThirty‐day all‐cause and 7‐day unplanned healthcare system readmissions.RESULTSUsing retrospective data, a single risk factor, ≥2 inpatient admissions in the past 12 months, was found to have the best balance of sensitivity (40%), positive predictive value (31%), and proportion of patients flagged (18%), with a C statistic of 0.62. Sensitivity (39%), positive predictive value (30%), proportion of patients flagged (18%), and C statistic (0.61) during the 12‐month period after implementation of the risk flag were similar. There was no evidence for an effect of the intervention on 30‐day all‐cause and 7‐day unplanned readmission rates in the 12‐month period after implementation.CONCLUSIONSAn automated prediction model was effectively integrated into an existing EHR and identified patients on admission who were at risk for readmission within 30 days of discharge. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:689–695. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Machine learning in preoperative glioma MRI: Survival associations by perfusion‐based support vector machine outperforms traditional MRI
Authors: Emblem Kyrre E. , Due‐Tonnessen Paulina , Hald John K. , Bjornerud Atle , Pinho Marco C. , Scheie David , Schad Lothar R. , Meling Torstein R. , Zoellner Frank G. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo retrospectively evaluate the performance of an automatic support vector machine (SVM) routine in combination with perfusion‐based dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC‐MRI) for preoperative survival associations in patients with gliomas and compare our results to traditional MRI.Materials and MethodsThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee and informed consent was signed. Structural, diffusion‐ and perfusion‐weighted MRI was performed at 1.5‐T preoperatively in 94 adult patients (49 males, 45 females, 23–82 years; mean 51 years) later diagnosed with a primary glioma. Patients were randomly assigned in training and test datasets and the resulting DSC‐based survival associations by SVM were compared to traditional MRI features including contrast‐agent enhancement, perfusion‐ and diffusion‐weighted imaging, tumor size, and location. The results were adjusted for age, neurological status, and postoperative factors associated with survival, including surgery and adjuvant therapy.ResultsFor 1‐ (26/33 alive, 11/14 deceased), 2‐ (15/21, 21/26), 3‐ (12/16, 27/31) and 4‐ (12/15, 28/32) year survival associations in the test dataset (47 patients), the SVM routine was the only biomarker to consistently associate with survival (Cox; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe automatic machine learning routine presented in our study may provide the operator with a reliable instrument for assessing survival in patients with glioma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:47–54. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Practical estimate of gradient nonlinearity for implementation of apparent diffusion coefficient bias correction
Authors: Malyarenko Dariya I. , Chenevert Thomas L. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo describe an efficient procedure to empirically characterize gradient nonlinearity and correct for the corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) bias on a clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner.Materials and MethodsSpatial nonlinearity scalars for individual gradient coils along superior and right directions were estimated via diffusion measurements of an isotropic ice‐water phantom. Digital nonlinearity model from an independent scanner, described in the literature, was rescaled by system‐specific scalars to approximate 3D bias correction maps. Correction efficacy was assessed by comparison to unbiased ADC values measured at isocenter.ResultsEmpirically estimated nonlinearity scalars were confirmed by geometric distortion measurements of a regular grid phantom. The applied nonlinearity correction for arbitrarily oriented diffusion gradients reduced ADC bias from ∼20% down to ∼2% at clinically relevant offsets both for isotropic and anisotropic media. Identical performance was achieved using either corrected diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) intensities or corrected b‐values for each direction in brain and ice‐water. Direction‐average trace image correction was adequate only for isotropic medium.ConclusionEmpiric scalar adjustment of an independent gradient nonlinearity model adequately described DWI bias for a clinical scanner. Observed efficiency of implemented ADC bias correction quantitatively agreed with previous theoretical predictions and numerical simulations. The described procedure provides an independent benchmark for nonlinearity bias correction of clinical MRI scanners. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1487–1495. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Apparent diffusion coefficient reproducibility of the pancreas measured at different MR scanners using diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: Ye Xiao‐Hua , Gao Jia‐Yin , Yang Zheng‐Han , Liu Yuan 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the reproducibility of the pancreatic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured at different MR scanners.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four healthy volunteers underwent three consecutive diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) at a GE 1.5 Tesla (T), a Siemens 1.5T and a Philips 3.0T (session 1), and imaged again using the same protocol at the same GE 1.5T (session 2) 12 days later. The ADC values of pancreas were measured at all three MR scanners. Paired‐sample t‐test and the Bland‐Altman method were used for ADC data analysis.ResultsThe individual mean ADC values of pancreatic head, body, and tail (in 10−3mm2/s) measured at GE 1.5T (2.24, 2.01, 1.88 for observer 1 and 2.23, 2.00, 1.92 for observer 2) and Siemens 1.5T (2.24, 2.04, 1.84 for observer 1 and 2.20, 1.98, 1.84 for observer 2) were significantly higher than those at Philips 3.0T (2.06, 1.80, 1.56 for observer 1 and 2.02, 1.79, 1.60 for observer 2) (P = 0.000–0.008). There was no significant difference of ADC values either between GE 1.5T and Siemens 1.5T (P = 0.115–0.966), or between imaging session 1 and 2 at GE 1.5T (P = 0.072–0.938). The range of mean difference ± limits of agreement (in 10−3mm2/s) was −0.07–0.04 ± 0.39–0.53 between two 1.5T scanners, and −0.04–0.04 ± 0.24–0.47 between two imaging sessions at GE 1.5T.ConclusionThe measured ADC values of pancreas are affected by the field strength of scanner, but show good reproducibility between different MR systems with same field strength and at the same MR system over time. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1375–1381. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dedifferentiated laryngeal chondrosarcoma: Combined morphologic and functional imaging with positron‐emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Purohit Bela S. , Dulguerov Pavel , Burkhardt Karim , Becker Minerva 
Published: November 2013

Chondrosarcoma of the larynx is a rare, low‐grade malignancy in terms of histology and clinical behavior. We present an unusual case of laryngeal chondrosarcoma, which developed a large dedifferentiated component on recurrence after primary surgery. The diagnosis of dedifferentiation was suggested in view of the morphological and metabolic findings on hybrid positron‐emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) and was subsequently confirmed surgically. Whole‐organ, slice‐by‐slice radiologic–histologic correlation revealed excellent delineation of the well‐differentiated and dedifferentiated tumor components with PET/MRI. PET/MRI can provide additional functional information to supplement the morphological mapping and histopathology of these tumors.Laryngoscope, 124:E274–E277, 2014