bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution local magnetic field models for the Martian South Pole from Mars Global Surveyor data
Authors: Plattner A. , Simons F. J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe present two high‐resolution local models for the crustal magnetic field of the Martian south polar region. Models SP130 and SP130M were derived from three‐component measurements made by Mars Global Surveyor at nighttime and at low altitude (<200 km). The availability area for these data covers the annulus between latitudes −76° and −87° and contains a strongly magnetized region (southern parts of Terra Sirenum) adjacent to weakly magnetized terrains (such as Prometheus Planum). Our localized field inversions take into account the region of data availability, a finite spectral bandlimit (spherical harmonic degree L = 130), and the varying satellite altitude at each observation point. We downward continue the local field solutions to a sphere of Martian polar radius 3376 km. While weakly magnetized areas in model SP130 contain inversion artifacts caused by strongly magnetized crust nearby, these artifacts are largely avoided in model SP130M, a mosaic of inversion results obtained by independently solving for the fields over individual subregions. Robust features of both models are magnetic stripes of alternating polarity in southern Terra Sirenum that end abruptly at the rim of Prometheus Planum, an impact crater with a weak or undetectable magnetic field. From a prominent and isolated dipole‐like magnetic feature close to Australe Montes, we estimate a paleopole with a best fit location at longitude 207° and latitude 48°. From the abruptly ending magnetic field stripes, we estimate average magnetization values of up to 15 A/m.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycosylated Macrolactam Analogues of the Macrolide Antibiotic YC‐17
Authors: Shinde Pramod B. , Oh Hong‐Se , Choi Hyemin , Rathwell Kris , Ban Yeon Hee , Kim Eun Ji , Yang Inho , Lee Dong Gun , Sherman David H. , Kang Han‐Young , Yoon Yeo Joon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractYC‐17 is a 12‐membered ring macrolide antibiotic produced from Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 15439 and is composed of the polyketide macrolactone 10‐deoxymethynolide appended with D‐desosamine. In order to develop structurally diverse macrolactam analogues of YC‐17 with improved therapeutic potential, a combined approach involving chemical synthesis and engineered cell‐based biotransformation was employed. Eight new antibacterial macrolactam analogues of YC‐17 were generated by supplying a novel chemically synthesized macrolactam aglycone to S. venezuelae mutants harboring plasmids capable of synthesizing several unnatural sugars for subsequent glycosylation. Some YC‐17 macrolactam analogues were active against erythromycin‐resistant bacterial pathogens and displayed improved metabolic stability in vitro. The enhanced therapeutic potential demonstrated by these glycosylated macrolactam analogues reveals the unique potential of chemoenzymatic synthesis in antibiotic drug discovery and development.magnified image
Charge‐induced electromagnetic resonances in nanoparticles
Authors: Kocifaj Miroslav , Klačka Jozef , Kundracik František , Videen Gorden 
Published: August 2015

Electromagnetic theories have reproduced the scattering properties of differently shaped particles and successfully been used to characterize numerous systems. However, certain anomalous features remain unexplained that include enhanced extinction when particles are much smaller than the wavelength. Here we explain these features exploiting recent research in electromagnetic scattering theories that suggests incorporating the effect of particle charge results in new physical outcomes that deviate appreciably from what is predicted by electromagnetic interaction from uncharged systems. For electrically charged particles, the resonant excitation of surface modes is governed by excess charges deposited on the particle surface. Charge effects become large when particles are small compared to the incident wavelength, and we show that the electrostatic approximation is not valid for modelling the electromagnetic interaction from such particles. Charge‐induced resonances appear in such systems that can reproduce previously unexplained phenomena, for instance, amplified microwave attenuation observed in sandstorms.
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Carbon dioxide adsorption by modified carbon nanotubes
Authors: Omidfar Narges , Mohamadalizadeh Ali , Mousavi Seyed Hamed 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study the CO2 adsorption of three different diameters of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was investigated for a mixture of CO2/Ar at a temperature of 70 °C and atmospheric pressure. The largest diameter of MWCNT showed the highest CO2 uptake of 65.2 mg CO2 adsorbed per g adsorbent. One of the MWCNTs were modified with urea (CH4N2O) under two different loading durations with the aim of improving adsorption capacity. After such a functionalization, the CO2 uptake increased from 53.9 to 64.1 mg CO2 adsorbed per g adsorbent after 4 h loading duration. These findings indicate considerable potential of functionalized carbon nanotubes in comparison with other silica and carbon adsorbents. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specific cationic photoinitiators for near UV and visible LEDs: Iodonium versus ferrocenium structures
Authors: Mokbel Haifaa , Toufaily Joumana , Hamieh Tayssir , Dumur Frederic , Campolo Damien , Gigmes Didier , Pierre Fouassier Jean , Ortyl Joanna , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTTwo iodonium salts based on a coumarin chromophore are investigated for polymerization upon light emitting diode irradiations (LEDs). They work as one‐component photoinitiators. They initiate the cationic polymerization of epoxides (under air) and vinylethers (laminate) upon exposure to violet LEDs (385 and 405 nm). Excellent polymerization profiles are recorded. Their efficiency is quite similar to that of a ferrocenium salt. Interpenetrating polymer networks can also be obtained through a concomitant cationic/radical photopolymerization of an epoxy/acrylate blend monomer. The light absorption properties of these new salts as well as the involved photochemical mechanisms are investigated for the first time through electron spin resonance, laser flash photolysis, steady state photolysis experiments. Molecular orbital calculations are also used to shed some light on the initiation mechanisms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42759.
Preparation of halloysite nanotubes coated with Eudragit for a controlled release of thyme essential oil
Authors: Lee Min Hyeock , Park Hyun Jin 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTActive food packaging that releases active agents can extend the shelf‐life and improve the quality and safety of food products. Essential oils have been used as natural food preservatives due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti‐insect properties. However, one of the limitations of using essential oils as active agents is their high volatility. In this study, thyme essential oil, an active antioxidant agent, was encapsulated into halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) using a vacuum process to sustain the release rate and to solidify the thyme oil (TO) from a liquid state. Moreover, the TO‐loaded HNT capsules (TO/HNT capsules) were coated with Eudragit EPO polymer to avoid burst release and to prolong the release time. The morphology of the prepared samples was characterized using SEM, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis by BET method. Zeta potential and FTIR analysis were used to verify the encapsulation of the TO and the Eudragit EPO polymer coating of TO/HNT capsules. After Eudragit EPO polymer coating of TO/HNT capsules, the surface charge of the samples was converted from −17.5 ± 0.2 mV to +19.4 ± 1.5 mV. The amount of encapsulated TO was determined using a GC‐FID. Encapsulation efficiency and payload of TO/HNT capsules prepared using 26.7% (w/v) TO solution were 14.94% and 14.58%, respectively. The encapsulated TO was released in a sustained manner for 96 h. In addition, antioxidant activity of the samples was evaluated using a DPPH assay and a reducing power assay. In both two assays, the antioxidant activity of the TO/HNT capsules was increased along with the increasing concentration of TO/HNT capsules. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42771.
Synthesis and characterization of alternating copolymers containing bipyridine and phenylene vinylene for fluorescent chemosensors
Authors: Yu Chin‐Yang , Chen Pin‐Ying , Lin Yi‐Hao , Ciou Pei‐Jia 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTAlternating copolymers containing bipyridine and phenylene vinylene were synthesized through a Wittig condensation reaction of their corresponding diphosphonium salts and dialdehydes. The molecular weights of the resulting polymers were relatively low because of the low solubility in the reaction solvents. The optical properties of the polymers were substantially affected by the repeating units of phenylene vinylene. The absorption spectra of the copolymers in the solid state exhibited a bathochromic shift compared to those carried out in solution. The effective conjugation length could be extended with the addition of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ ions into the polymer solutions in a 1 : 1 ratio of the bipyridine to the phenylene vinylene units. All of the polymer solutions behaved as a turn‐off fluorescent chemosensor upon the addition of a variety of the metal ions. The sensing behavior to various metal ions revealed that the polymers were highly sensitive to the Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ ions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42795.
Kidney function changes with aging in adults: comparison between cross‐sectional and longitudinal data analyses in renal function assessment
Authors: Chung Sang M. , Lee David J. , Hand Austin , Young Philip , Vaidyanathan Jayabharathi , Sahajwalla Chandrahas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe study evaluated whether the renal function decline rate per year with age in adults varies based on two primary statistical analyses: cross‐section (CS), using one observation per subject, and longitudinal (LT), using multiple observations per subject over time. A total of 16628 records (3946 subjects; age range 30–92 years) of creatinine clearance and relevant demographic data were used. On average, four samples per subject were collected for up to 2364 days (mean: 793 days). A simple linear regression and random coefficient models were selected for CS and LT analyses, respectively. The renal function decline rates per year were 1.33 and 0.95 ml/min/year for CS and LT analyses, respectively, and were slower when the repeated individual measurements were considered. The study confirms that rates are different based on statistical analyses, and that a statistically robust longitudinal model with a proper sampling design provides reliable individual as well as population estimates of the renal function decline rates per year with age in adults. In conclusion, our findings indicated that one should be cautious in interpreting the renal function decline rate with aging information because its estimation was highly dependent on the statistical analyses. From our analyses, a population longitudinal analysis (e.g. random coefficient model) is recommended if individualization is critical, such as a dose adjustment based on renal function during a chronic therapy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined spectroscopies and molecular docking approach to characterizing the binding interaction between lisinopril and bovine serum albumin
Authors: Jiang Min , Huang Chuan‐ren , Wang Qi , Zhu Ying‐yao , Wang Jing , Chen Jun , Shi Jie‐hua 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTo further understand the mode of action and pharmacokinetics of lisinopril, the binding interaction of lisinopril with bovine serum albumin (BSA) under imitated physiological conditions (pH 7.4) was investigated using fluorescence emission spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), circular dichroism (CD) and molecular docking methods. The results showed that the fluorescence quenching of BSA near 338 nm resulted from the formation of a lisinopril–BSA complex. The number of binding sites (n) for lisinopril binding on subdomain IIIA (site II) of BSA and the binding constant were ~ 1 and 2.04 × 104 M–1, respectively, at 310 K. The binding of lisinopril to BSA induced a slight change in the conformation of BSA, which retained its α‐helical structure. However, the binding of lisinopril with BSA was spontaneous and the main interaction forces involved were van der Waal's force and hydrogen bonding interaction as shown by the negative values of ΔG0, ΔH0 and ΔS0 for the binding of lisinopril with BSA. It was concluded from the molecular docking results that the flexibility of lisinopril also played an important role in increasing the stability of the lisinopril–BSA complex. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental stress speeds up DNA replication in Pseudomonas putida in chemostat cultivations
Authors: Lieder Sarah , Jahn Michael , Koepff Joachim , Müller Susann , Takors Ralf 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCellular response to different types of stress is the hallmark of the cell's strategy for survival. How organisms adjust their cell cycle dynamics to compensate for changes in environmental conditions is an important unanswered question in bacterial physiology. A cell using binary fission for reproduction passes through three stages during its cell cycle: a stage from cell birth to initiation of replication, a DNA replication phase and a period of cell division. We present a detailed analysis of durations of cell cycle phases, investigating their dynamics under environmental stress conditions. Applying continuous steady state cultivations (chemostats), the DNA content of a Pseudomonas putida KT2440 population was quantified with flow cytometry at distinct growth rates. Data‐driven modeling revealed that under stress conditions, such as oxygen deprivation, solvent exposure and decreased iron availability, DNA replication was accelerated correlated to the severity of the imposed stress (up to 1.9‐fold). Cells maintained constant growth rates by balancing the shortened replication phase with extended cell cycle phases before and after replication. Transcriptome data underpin the transcriptional upregulation of crucial genes of the replication machinery. Hence adaption of DNA replication speed appears to be an important strategy to withstand environmental stress.
Alleviating product inhibition in cellulase enzyme Cel7A
Authors: Atreya Meera E. , Strobel Kathryn L. , Clark Douglas S. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTEnzymes that degrade cellulose into glucose are one of the most expensive components of processes for converting cellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals. Cellulase enzyme Cel7A is the most abundant enzyme naturally employed by fungi to depolymerize cellulose, and like other cellulases is inhibited by its product, cellobiose. There is thus great economic incentive for minimizing the detrimental effects of product inhibition on Cel7A. In this work, we experimentally generated 10 previously proposed site‐directed mutant Cel7A enzymes expected to have reduced cellobiose binding energies (the majority of mutations were to alanine). We then tested their resilience to cellobiose as well as their hydrolytic activities on microcrystalline cellulose. Although every mutation tested conferred reduced product inhibition (and abolished it for some), our results confirm a trade‐off between Cel7A tolerance to cellobiose and enzymatic activity: Reduced product inhibition was accompanied by lower overall enzymatic activity on crystalline cellulose for the mutants tested. The tempering effect of mutations on inhibition was nearly constant despite relatively large differences in activities of the mutants. Our work identifies an amino acid in the Cel7A product binding site of interest for further mutational studies, and highlights both the challenge and the opportunity of enzyme engineering toward improving product tolerance in Cel7A. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 330–338. © 2015 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Limitation of syntrophic coculture growth by the acetogen
Authors: Junicke Helena , Feldman Hannah , Van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. , Kleerebezem Robbert 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe syntrophic cooperation between hydrogen‐producing acetogens and hydrogenotrophic methanogens relies on a critical balance between both partners. A recent study, provided several indications for the dependence of the biomass‐specific growth rate of a methanogenic coculture on the acetogen. Nevertheless, final experimental proof was lacking since biomass‐specific rates were obtained from a descriptive model, and not from direct measurement of individual biomass concentrations. In this study, a recently developed quantitative PCR approach was used to measure the individual biomass concentrations in the coculture of Desulfovibrio sp. G11 and Methanospirillum hungatei JF1 on lactate, formate or both. The model‐derived growth yields and biomass‐specific rates were successfully validated. Experimental findings identified the acetogen as the growth‐limiting partner in the coculture on lactate. While the acetogen was operating at its maximum biomass‐specific lactate consumption rate, the hydrogenotrophic methanogen showed a significant overcapacity. Furthermore, this study provides experimental evidence for different growth strategies followed by the syntrophic partners in order to maintain a common biomass‐specific growth rate. During syntrophic lactate conversion, the biomass‐specific electron transfer rate of Methanospirillum hungatei JF1 was three‐fold higher compared to Desulfovibrio sp. G11. This is to compensate for the lower methanogenic biomass yield per electron‐mole of substrate, which is dictated by the thermodynamics of the underlying reaction. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 560–567. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topology‐aware moving least square deformation for 2D characters
Authors: Wang Xun , Yang Wenwu , Kou Wangbin , Yang Bailin , Wang Guozheng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDeformation method based on moving least squares (MLS) allows the user to manipulate 2D characters using either sets of points or line segments in real time. However, the traditional MLS deformation spreads the deformation of the controls with respect to the spatial distance, but oblivious to the shape topology, which would possibly lead to distortion. In this paper, we present a topology‐aware MLS deformation approach for 2D characters. First, a Laplace equation is solved to obtain a set of weights, which are called harmonic weights. Then, the MLS deformation is performed by using the harmonic weights as the deformation influence of the user‐specified controls. Finally, the possible distortion in the traditional MLS deformation can be effectively avoided, as the harmonic weights spread the deformation of the controls in a localized and topology‐aware way. In addition, a simple but effective area‐preserving variant of MLS deformation is proposed, which is suitable for the editing of incompressible objects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Superior vena cava syndrome with retropharyngeal edema as a complication of ventriculoatrial shunt
Authors: Al‐Natour Mohammed S. , Entezami Pouya , Nazzal Munier M. S. , Casabianca Andrew B. , Assaly Ragheb , Riley Kalen , Gaudin Daniel 
Published: August 2015

Key Clinical MessageThirty‐seven‐year old female with hydrocephalus managed by a ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt presented with upper body edema, dysphagia, and headache. Imaging demonstrated thrombosis of the superior vena cava (SVC). Direct catheter thrombolysis led to resolution of thrombus burden. Superior vena cava thrombosis is a rare consequence of VA shunting and must be managed emergently.
A Modular Synthesis of Conformationally Preorganised Extended β‐Strand Peptidomimetics
Authors: Yamashita Tohru , Knipe Peter C. , Busschaert Nathalie , Thompson Sam , Hamilton Andrew D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA promising strategy for mediating protein–protein interactions is the use of non‐peptidic mimics of secondary structural protein elements, such as the α‐helix. Recent work has expanded the scope of this approach by providing proof‐of‐principle scaffolds that are conformationally biased to mimic the projection of side‐chains from one face of another common secondary structural element—the β‐strand. Herein, we present a synthetic route that has key advantages over previous work: monomers bearing an amino acid side‐chain were pre‐formed before rapid assembly to peptidomimetics through a modular, iterative strategy. The resultant oligomers of alternating pyridyl and six‐membered cyclic ureas accurately reproduce a recognition domain of several amino acid residues of a β‐strand, demonstrated herein by mimicry of the i, i+2, i+4 and i+6 residues.
Clinical impact of selective and nonselective beta‐blockers on survival in patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Watkins Jack L. , Thaker Premal H. , Nick Alpa M. , Ramondetta Lois M. , Kumar Sanjeev , Urbauer Diana L. , Matsuo Koji , Squires Kathryn C. , Coleman Robert L. , Lutgendorf Susan K. , Ramirez Pedro T. , Sood Anil K. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDPreclinical evidence has suggested that sustained adrenergic activation can promote ovarian cancer growth and metastasis. The authors examined the impact of beta‐adrenergic blockade on the clinical outcome of women with epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancers (collectively, epithelial ovarian cancer [EOC]).METHODSA multicenter review of 1425 women with histopathologically confirmed EOC was performed. Comparisons were made between patients with documented beta‐blocker use during chemotherapy and those without beta‐blocker use.RESULTSThe median age of patients in the current study was 63 years (range, 21‐93 years). The sample included 269 patients who received beta‐blockers. Of those, 193 (71.7%) were receiving beta‐1–adrenergic receptor selective agents, and the remaining patients were receiving nonselective beta antagonists. The primary indication for beta‐blocker use was hypertension but also included arrhythmia and postmyocardial infarction management. For patients receiving any beta‐blocker, the median overall survival (OS) was 47.8 months versus 42 months for nonusers (P=.04). The median OS based on beta‐blocker receptor selectivity was 94.9 months for those receiving nonselective beta‐blockers versus 38 months for those receiving beta‐1–adrenergic receptor selective agents (P<.001). Hypertension was associated with decreased OS compared with no hypertension across all groups. However, even among patients with hypertension, a longer median OS was observed among users of a nonselective beta‐blocker compared with nonusers (38.2 months vs 90 months;P<.001).CONCLUSIONSUse of nonselective beta‐blockers in patients with EOC was associated with longer OS. These findings may have implications for new therapeutic approaches.Cancer2015;121:3435–43.©2015 American Cancer Society.
Experimental Signature of Microheterogeneity in Ionic Liquid–H2O Systems and Their Perturbation by Adding Li+ Salts: A Pulsed Gradient Spin‐Echo NMR Approach
Authors: Nanda Raju , Rajamohanan P. R. , Kumar Anil 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDistinct microheterogeneity has been observed in the [OMIM]Br–H2O system, which is interestingly perturbed by the addition of Li+ salts, indicating unusual diffusivity of [OMIM]Br and H2O molecules. However, the diffusional dynamics of water clusters show contrasting salting behavior at higher concentrations of Li+ salts, following the classical salting phenomenon in lower amounts. In contrast, the existing microheterogeneity in the [BMIM]Br–H2O system is weak enough to show any perturbation caused by the Li+ salts on the NMR time scale.