bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Organic Matter on the Color of Sphalerite from the Silesia-Cracow Lead-Zinc Deposits, Poland
Authors: Rybicki Maciej 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) sphalerite samples from lead and zinc mines of the Silesian-Cracow region were studied in terms of the effect of organic matter on their coloration. The results indicate no correlation between the abundance and chemical composition of organic matter and sphalerite coloration. TOC values for investigated samples are in the range of 0.5-1.28%. A basic feature characterizing all samples is very similar distribution of n-alkanes, with a predominance of short-chain n-alkanes (from n-C13 to n-C21) over long-chain n-alkanes (from n-C25 to n-C35). Among the isoprenoids pristane dominates over phytane (Pr/Ph ratio in one sample is even 8.95), which does not correspond to previous studies (Karwowski et al. 2001) and may be due to the multi-source nature of organic matter present in sphalerite inclusions from the Silesian-Cracow Zn-Pb deposits. The occurrence of hopanes with 17β,21β(H) stereochemistry indicates a low maturity of test samples.
Preliminary Data on Bismuth Telluride from Izerskie Garby Zone, Karkonosze-Izera Block, South-Western Poland
Authors: Rybicki Maciej 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper describes the first occurrence of bismuth telluride in the Izerskie Garby contact zone. In nature, there are 4 known bismuth tellurides: hedleyite (Bi7Te3), pilsenite (Bi4Te3), tsumoite (BiTe) and tellurobismuthite (Bi2Te3). They are typical accessory minerals of the polymetallic skarns. The Ca-skarns of the "Stanisław" quarry in the Izerskie Garby, bismuth telluride occurs in association with pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and wollastonite and tend to form irregular clusters up to 40μm long and 15μm width . Research methods used so far (SEM) does not allow for unequivocal identification of studied mineral. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further tests using the electron microprobe.
The Use of Digital Terrain Model in the Study of Distribution of Cultural Landscape Elements based on the Example of Silesia Beskid
Authors: Sobala Michał , Czajka Barbara 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and maps based on it, are very valuable tool in investigations of distribution of cultural landscape elements. Connection DTM with a digital land cover maps, clearly illustrate factors determinate location of various landscape elements. The paper presents the applicability of Digital Terrain Model to detect the influence of topographic attributes on landscape elements distribution and to determinate the landscape’s structure in the different altitudinal zones. Presented results, are the effect of the first phase of cultural landscape elements distribution research and they are starting point to look for other factors which could effect on structure of the landscape.
Method of Maintaining the Required Values of Surface Roughness and Prediction of Technological Conditions for Cold Sheet Rolling
Authors: Valíček J. , Harničárová M. , Kušnerová M. , Zavadil J. , Grznárik R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper is based on results obtained from topography of surfaces of sheets rolled from deep-drawing steel of the type KOHAL grade 697, non-alloy low-carbon structural steel EN 10263-2:2004 and aluminium. The presented results document correctness of the assumption that the rolling force Froll increases with the increasing reduction Δh and the quality of the rolled surface is improved at the simultaneous increasing of strength of rolled sheets and the decreasing of size of structural grains. The experiment was performed on the two-high rolling stand DUO 210 SVa, which enables only non-continuous technology in contrast to the rolling mill with continuous reduction on one sheet in several degrees on rolling trains, in consequence of which the obtained height parameters of the section are in close correlation with the predicted dependence. Contribution of the work consists in the creation of a mathematical model (algorithm) for predicting technological parameters of the two-high rolling stand DUO 210 SVa at change of the absolute reduction Δh, for example for a deep-drawing steel of the type KOHAL grade 697 and non-alloy lowcarbon structural steel PN EN 10263-2:2004 and aluminium, and also in the development of a method of calculation applicable to any material being rolled in general, because the authors have found that various materials can be differentiated by a derived analytical criterion IKP. This criterion is a function of ratio between the modulus of elasticity of reference material and that of actually rolled material. The reference material is here deep-drawing steel of the type KOHAL grade 697. Verification was carried out by measuring changes of final surface roughness profile and final strength of rolled sheets of the stated materials in relation to reductions and those were compared with theoretically predicted values. It is possible to identify and predict on the basis of this algorithm an instant state of surface topography in respect to variable technological conditions. On this basis it is then possible to calculate and plot individual main technological parameters.
Comparing Saddle, Slotted-tube and Parallel-plate Coils for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Nespor D. , Bartusek K. , Dokoupil Z. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper is concerned with a comparison of the properties of RF coils of three configurations for MRI measurements on small animals. In comparison with the classical saddle coil the proposed modification of slotted-tube coil exhibits identical homogeneity of B1 field in a larger space. The parallel-plate coil has a satisfactory homogeneity of B1 field over the whole internal space. The signal-to-noise ratio measured for all three coils is roughly the same and is given by the magnitude of RF pre-amplifier noise. As the slotted-tube and parallel-plate coils have a lower inductance compared with the saddle coil, they can be tuned to resonance on the 200 MHz frequency even at larger dimensions. The results show that the parallel-plate coil has very good properties for the measurement of small animals.
A Contribution to the Lichen Family Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota) of Bolivia. 2
Authors: Schiefelbein Ulf , Flakus Adam , Sipman Harrie J. M. , Kukwa Martin , Oset Magdalena 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Microlichens of the family Graphidaceae are important components of the lowland and montane tropical forests in Bolivia. In this paper we present new records for 51 taxa of the family in Bolivia. Leiorreuma lyellii (Sm.) Staiger is reported as new for the Southern Hemisphere, while Diploschistes caesioplumbeus (Nyl.) Vain., Graphis daintreensis (A. W. Archer) A. W. Archer, G. duplicatoinspersa Lücking, G. emersa Müll. Arg., G. hossei Vain., G. immersella Müll. Arg. and G. subchrysocarpa Lücking are new for South America. Thirty taxa are reported for the first time from Bolivia. Notes on distribution are provided for most species.
PI3K pathway inhibitor LY294002 alters Jurkat T cell biobehaviours via ERK1/2-ICBP90 mediation
Authors: Guo Zhongfeng , Huo Jie , Di Jingfang , Zeng Shan , Liu Jing , Xing Feiyue 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Little is known about whether there is a relationshipbetweenPI3K/AKT, ERK1/2 and an inverted CCAAT box binding protein (ICBP90) in biological behaviours of tumour cells. The aim of this study was to determine thisusing Jurkat T cells. Compared to PD98059 (an ERK1/2 signaling inhibitor), DAPT (a Notch signaling inhibitor) or adriamycin (a classical anti-tumour drug), the inhibition of Jurkat T cell growth by LY294002 (a PI3K/Akt signaling inhibitor) was more obvious. LY294002 combined with adriamycin appeared to have a synergistic effect. LY294002 strongly blocked Jurkat T cells at each phase of cell cycle with a decrease of DNA content, superior to adriamycin. Consistent with these changes, the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 was markedly decreased in the LY294002-treated Jurkat T cells, leading to the reduction of ICBP90 production, followed by moderate attenuation of TGF-β secretion. The results suggest that deactivation of PI3K/Akt signalling can surpress Jurkat T cell growth through inhibiting cell proliferation and blocking the cell cycle. ICBP90 may mediate the PI3K/AKT-ERK1/2 signalling to regulate leukemia cell growth.
Onset of Crack Initiation in Uniaxial and Triaxial Compression Tests of Dolomite Samples
Authors: Cieślik Jerzy 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper presents results of laboratory investigation and analysis of crack initiation threshold identification of dolomite samples. First, selected methods for determining crack initiation thresholds are briefly described with special attention paid to four methods: crack volume strain method [14], change in Poisson’s ratio [8], lateral strain response method [16], and dilatancy method [4]. The investigation performed on dolomite samples shows that for the uniaxial and conventional triaxial compression tests, the above mentioned methods give quite similar values, except for the crack volume strain method. Crack initiation threshold determined by this method has a distinctively lower value than that obtained by the other methods. The aim of the present paper was to review and assess these methods for identifying crack initiation threshold based on laboratory tests of dolomite samples.
The Influence of the Salt Mist on the Deterioration of Rock Materials
Authors: Kłopotowska Agnieszka Katarzyna , Łukaszewski Paweł 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper is focused on changes of geomechanical properties with regard to loss of long-term resistance in studies on the influence of salt spray on the structure of selected rocks from Poland. The investigation has shown that the analyzed rock material shows variable susceptibility to this corrosive factor. The most susceptible to ageing by salt mist were Śmiłów sandstones, whose progressive deterioration was observed in subsequent cycles. Analysis of resistance parameters has shown decreased resistance to uniaxial compression exceeding 30% also in the case of the Józefów limestones. Limestones from Raciszyn have revealed high resistance to ageing by salt mist.
Development of Innate CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Itk-Deficient Mice Is Regulated by Distinct Pathways
Authors: Prince Amanda L. , Kraus Zachary , Carty Shannon A. , Ng Caleb , Yin Catherine C. , Jordan Martha S. , Schwartzberg Pamela L. , Berg Leslie J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
T cell development in the thymus produces multiple lineages of cells, including innate T cells such as γδ TCR+ cells, invariant NKT cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, and H2–M3-specific cells. Although innate cells are generally a minor subset of thymocytes, in several strains of mice harboring mutations in T cell signaling proteins or transcriptional regulators, conventional CD8+ T cells develop as innate cells with characteristics of memory T cells. Thus, in Itk-deficient mice, mature CD4−CD8+ (CD8 single-positive [SP]) thymocytes express high levels of the transcription factor eomesodermin (Eomes) and are dependent on IL-4 being produced in the thymic environment by a poorly characterized subset of CD4+ thymocytes expressing the transcriptional regulator promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger. In this study, we show that a sizeable proportion of mature CD4+CD8− (CD4SP) thymocytes in itk−/− mice also develop as innate Eomes-expressing T cells. These cells are dependent on MHC class II and IL-4 signaling for their development, indicating that they are conventional CD4+ T cells that have been converted to an innate phenotype. Surprisingly, neither CD4SP nor CD8SP innate Eomes+ thymocytes in itk−/− or SLP-76(Y145F) mice are dependent on γδ T cells for their development. Instead, we find that the predominant population of Eomes+ innate itk−/− CD4SP thymocytes is largely absent in mice lacking CD1d-specific invariant NKT cells, with no effect on innate itk−/− CD8SP thymocytes. In contrast, both subsets of innate Eomes+itk−/− T cells require the presence of a novel promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger–expressing, SLAM family receptor adapter protein–dependent thymocyte population that is essential for the conversion of conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into innate T cells with a memory phenotype.
Humanized Mice as a Model for Aberrant Responses in Human T Cell Immunotherapy
Authors: Vudattu Nalini K. , Waldron-Lynch Frank , Truman Lucy A. , Deng Songyan , Preston-Hurlburt Paula , Torres Richard , Raycroft Maurice T. , Mamula Mark J. , Herold Kevan C. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Immune-deficient mice, reconstituted with human stem cells, have been used to analyze human immune responses in vivo. Although they have been used to study immune responses to xenografts, allografts, and pathogens, there have not been models of autoimmune disease in which the mechanisms of the pathologic process can be analyzed. We have found that reconstituted “humanized” mice treated with anti–CTLA-4 Ab (ipilimumab) develop autoimmune disease characterized by hepatitis, adrenalitis, sialitis, anti-nuclear Abs, and weight loss. Induction of autoimmunity involved activation of T cells and cytokine production, and increased infiltration of APCs. When anti–CTLA-4 mAb–treated mice were cotreated with anti-CD3 mAb (teplizumab), hepatitis and anti-nuclear Abs were no longer seen and weight loss did not occur. The anti-CD3 blocked proliferation and activation of T cells, release of IFN-γ and TNF, macrophage infiltration, and release of IP-10 that was induced with anti–CTLA-4 mAb. We also found increased levels of T regulatory cells (CD25+CD127−) in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes in the mice treated with both Abs and greater constitutive phosphorylation of STAT5 in T regulatory cells in spleen cells compared with mice treated with anti–CTLA-4 mAb alone. We describe a model of human autoimmune disease in vivo. Humanized mice may be useful for understanding the mechanisms of biologics that are used in patients. Hepatitis, lymphadenopathy, and other inflammatory sequelae are adverse effects of ipilimumab treatment in humans, and this study may provide insights into this pathogenesis and the effects of immunologics on autoimmunity.
Cracks in reproductive health rights: Buffalo City learners’ knowledge of abortion legislation
Authors: Macleod Catriona , Seutlwadi Lebogang , Steele Gary 
Published: June 2014

Background: The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy (CTOP) Act legalised abortion on request in South Africa until up to 12 weeks of gestation and thereafter under specified conditions. Within the context of liberal legislation, accurate information is a necessary (although not sufficient) requirement for women to exercise their reproductive rights.Objectives: This research investigated Grade 11 learners’ knowledge of the CTOP Act and its stipulations.Methods: Survey research was conducted with respondents drawn from a range of schools in Buffalo City, South Africa. Multi-stage sampling was used, namely stratified random sampling of schools and purposive sampling of grades used within schools. The data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires in group situations.Results: Results indicate that knowledge of the legal status of abortion, as well as of the various stipulations of the law, was poor. Various misunderstandings were evident, including that spousal approval is required in order for married women to have an abortion. Significant differences between the knowledge of respondents at the various schools were found, with those learners attending schools formerly designated for African learners during Apartheid having the least knowledge.Conclusion: Given the multiple factors that may serve as barriers to women accessing abortion, it is imperative that at least the most fundamental aspect of reproductive rights, that is, the right to information, is not undermined. Agtergrond: Die Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (CTOP) bewettig aborsie op aanvraag in Suid-Afrika tot en met 12 weke van swangerskap en daarna onder sekere voorwaardes. Binne die konteks van die liberale wetgewing is akkurate inligting ‘n noodsaaklike (hoewel nie voldoende nie) vereiste vir vroue om hul reproduktiewe regte uit te oefen.Doelwitte: Die navorsing het graad 11-leerders se kennis van die CTOP Wet en dié se bepalings geondersoek.Metodes: Opname-navorsing is gedoen met respondente uit ‘n verskeidenheid van skole in Buffalo City, Suid-Afrika. Multi-steekproefneming is gebruik, naamlik gestratifiseerde steekproefneming van skole en doelgerigte steekproefneming van grade in skole. Die data is ingesamel deur middel van self-geadministreerde vraelyste in groep situasies.Resultate: Die resultate dui daarop dat die kennis van die wetlike status van aborsie, asook van die verskillende bepalings van die Wet, swak was. Verskeie misverstande was duidelik, insluitend dat ’n gade se toestemming nodig is vir getroude vroue se aborsie. Beduidende verskille tussen die kennis van die respondente by die onderskeie skole is gevind, met die swakste kennis onder dié leerders by skole wat voorheen aangewys is vir swart leerders tydens Apartheid.Slot: Gegewe die verskeie faktore wat as hindernisse tot vroue se toegang tot aborsie kan dien, is dit noodsaaklik dat ten minste die mees basiese aspekte van reproduktiewe regte, naamlik, die reg tot inligting, nie geondermyn word nie.
An assessment of medical doctors′ perception of possible interrelationship between oral and general health
Authors: Opeodu O. I. , Ogunrinde T. J. , Fasunla A. J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background: The possibility of some systemic diseases having oral manifestation is well established with the recent discovery that some oral diseases also adversely affect the general health of an individual. The question is, is the relationship casual or causal? Aim: To assess the perception of medical doctors concerning the possible link of oral diseases as causal/confounding factors of systemic diseases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 250 medical doctors was carried out in three tertiary health institutions in Nigeria. Questionnaires were distributed to resident doctors to assess their perception as to the possibility of any causal relationship between the general systemic diseases and oral diseases. Results: Two-hundred and seven completely filled questionnaires were returned out of the 250 distributed. Over 50% of the respondents strongly agreed to the fact that there is a link between oral diseases and conditions such as diabetes mellitus, rheumatic heart disease, valvular heart disease, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome HIV/AIDS. Hypertension and premature low birth weight has the highest percentage (18.8%) of respondents strongly disagreeing with the possibility of having any link with the state of the oral health. There was a statistically significant difference in the perception of the possible link between the state of oral health and myocardial infarction between male and female respondents (P < 0.04) and also when the age-groups were considered in relationship with valvular heart disease (P < 0.02). Conclusion: This study revealed that doctors′ perception of the influence of dental disease/condition on the general state of patients′ health was deficient and, therefore, require improvement through health education and awareness.
Assessment of mandibular ramus thickness in Afro-Brazilian subjects using computed tomography
Authors: Costa Paula Bonfim Almeida , Bittencourt Marcos Alan Vieira , Rocha Rebello Iêda Margarida Crusoé 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the skeletal pattern in the anteroposterior and vertical directions influences mandibular ramus thickness in Afro-Brazilian subjects, using computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: CT images of 45 individuals of Afro-Brazilian, from both genders, aged ranges between 19 and 46 years, were used. Determination of the skeletal pattern in the anteroposterior direction was based on the association of the ANB and WITS values, and in the vertical direction, through the GoGn-SN angle. Measurement of the mandibular ramus was performed just above the lingula in the coronal plane after three-dimensional reconstruction of the image and multiplanar analysis. Results: Twenty-seven of the 45 images were from individuals with Class I skeletal pattern, 13 Class II and 5 Class III, with means of 7.19 mm, 7.15 mm and 7.3 mm, respectively (P = 0.95). In the vertical direction, 4 individuals exhibited reduced vertical skeletal pattern, 28 normal pattern and 13 increased pattern, with means of 7.01 mm, 7.15 mm and 7.33 mm, respectively (P = 0.77). Conclusion: No statistically significant difference was found in mandibular ramus thickness in the different skeletal patterns, both in the anteroposterior and vertical directions.
Evaluation of masticatory performance in subjects with shortened dental arch: A comparative study
Authors: Singh Mayank , Tripathi Arvind , Raj Neerja , Singh Raghuwar D. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the masticatory performance of shortened dental arches (SDAs) compared with the complete dentition. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 subjects with the age group of 45-60 years were selected in the study, which were equally divided into two groups - subjects with shorten dental arch (missing molars; case group) and subjects with complete dentition (control group). Masticatory performance was evaluated by a multiple sieve method on the basis of median particle size of the fragmented particles. Roasted peanuts were used as test food. A method of measuring masticatory performance developed by Manly and Braley and modified by Kapur and Soman was used in this study. Assessment of chewing ability level was also done by asking structured questionnaire. Each question was answered on a four point rating scale. Results: Overall masticatory performance in control group ranged from 60% to 70.5% with standard deviation (SD) of 3.20. The male subjects showed higher masticatory performance with SD of 2.60% when compared to females with SD of 1.77%. The overall masticatory performance in case group ranged between 50.6% and 59%, respectively. The male subjects showed higher masticatory performance with SD of 2.29 when compared to females with SD of 1.08. On comparing both groups, it was found that masticatory performance of control group (3.20) was higher when compared to case group (2.59). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that SDA subjects have masticatory performance and patient satisfaction level within acceptable range to that of complete dental arch subjects.
Improving smile and dental esthetics: A comprehensive periodontal and restorative approach after orthodontics
Authors: Chaves Eros , Rodriguez Juan , Peres Maria F. S. , Cunningham Geoffrey 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe esthetic demands in smile are continually rising, being thus, critical factors such as; dental midline, smile line, incisal embrasures, tooth position, width to length crown ratio, symmetry of contra-lateral gingival margins, and gingival display need to be taken into consideration. The aim of this case report is to describe the improvement of smile esthetics in a patient that after orthodontic therapy, presented excessive gingival display, asymmetric gingival margins, and shape altered upper right and left lateral incisors, which in turn compromised dental esthetics. The present clinical case required comprehensive treatment process, including proper diagnosis and excellent communication between the prosthodontist and periodontist in order to carry out successful esthetic crown lengthening and restorative dentistry. Results were followed-up for 2 years after the case completion. A pleasant smile was obtained, showing stability over time.