bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guilty by Association: The Perils of Celebrity Endorsement for Endorsed Brands and their Direct Competitors
Authors: Carrillat François A. , d'Astous Alain , Christianis Haralambos 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe objective of the research presented in this article is to examine the possibility that the adverse effects on consumer brand attitudes engendered by the involvement of a celebrity endorser in a negative event may spill over brands of the same product category (i.e., competitors). The results of an experimental study with 165 adult consumers showed that a scandal involving an athlete endorser had a negative impact not only on the attitude toward the endorsed brand, but also on the attitude toward competitor brands. This suggests that brands strongly associated with one sport may be vulnerable in the context of a scandal falling upon a celebrity athlete endorsing one of their direct competitors.
Comparison of fitting methods and b‐value sampling strategies for intravoxel incoherent motion in breast cancer
Authors: Cho Gene Young , Moy Linda , Zhang Jeff L. , Baete Steven , Lattanzi Riccardo , Moccaldi Melanie , Babb James S. , Kim Sungheon , Sodickson Daniel K. , Sigmund Eric E. 
Published: October 2014

PurposeTo compare fitting methods and sampling strategies, including the implementation of an optimized b‐value selection for improved estimation of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters in breast cancer.MethodsFourteen patients (age, 48.4 ± 14.27 years) with cancerous lesions underwent 3 Tesla breast MRI examination for a HIPAA‐compliant, institutional review board approved diffusion MR study. IVIM biomarkers were calculated using “free” versus “segmented” fitting for conventional or optimized (repetitions of key b‐values) b‐value selection. Monte Carlo simulations were performed over a range of IVIM parameters to evaluate methods of analysis. Relative bias values, relative error, and coefficients of variation (CV) were obtained for assessment of methods. Statistical paired t‐tests were used for comparison of experimental mean values and errors from each fitting and sampling method.ResultsComparison of the different analysis/sampling methods in simulations and experiments showed that the “segmented” analysis and the optimized method have higher precision and accuracy, in general, compared with “free” fitting of conventional sampling when considering all parameters. Regarding relative bias, IVIM parameters fp and Dt differed significantly between “segmented” and “free” fitting methods.ConclusionIVIM analysis may improve using optimized selection and “segmented” analysis, potentially enabling better differentiation of breast cancer subtypes and monitoring of treatment. Magn Reson Med 74:1077–1085, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Four‐dimensional, multiphase, steady‐state imaging with contrast enhancement (MUSIC) in the heart: A feasibility study in children
Authors: Han Fei , Rapacchi Stanislas , Khan Sarah , Ayad Ihab , Salusky Isidro , Gabriel Simon , Plotnik Adam , Finn J. Paul , Hu Peng 
Published: October 2014

PurposeTo develop a technique for high resolution, four‐dimensional (4D), multiphase, steady‐state imaging with contrast enhancement (MUSIC) in children with complex congenital heart disease.MethodsEight pediatric patients underwent cardiovascular MRI with controlled mechanical ventilation after ferumoxytol administration. Breath‐held contrast‐enhanced MRA (CE‐MRA) was performed during the first‐pass and delayed phases of ferumoxytol, followed by a respiratory gated, 4D MUSIC acquisition during the steady state distribution phase of ferumoxytol. The subjective image quality and image sharpness were evaluated. Assessment of ventricular volumes based on 4D MUSIC was compared with those based on multislice 2D cardiac cine MRI.ResultsThe 4D MUSIC technique provided cardiac‐phase‐resolved (65–95 ms temporal resolution) and higher spatial resolution (0.6–0.9 mm isotropic) images than previously achievable using first‐pass CE‐MRA or 2D cardiac cine. When compared with Ferumoxytol‐based first‐pass CE‐MRA, the 4D MUSIC provided sharper images and better definition of the coronary arteries, aortic root, myocardium, and pulmonary trunk (P < 0.05 for all). The ventricular volume measurements were in good agreement between 4D MUSIC and 2D cine (concordance correlation coefficient >0.95).ConclusionThe 4D MUSIC technique may represent a new paradigm in MR evaluation of cardiovascular anatomy and function in children with complex congenital heart disease. Magn Reson Med 74:1042–1049, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe motor neuropathy or neuronopathy due to nitrous oxide toxicity after correction of vitamin B12 deficiency
Authors: Morris Nicholas , Lynch Karen , Greenberg Steven A. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Nitrous oxide (N2O) toxicity can cause a sensory predominant myeloneuropathy identical to subacute combined degeneration caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. We describe a patient with a typical vitamin B12 deficiency syndrome after N2O abuse who recovered and then developed a severe lower motor neuron syndrome following vitamin B12 correction. This suggests N2O toxicity independent of functional vitamin B12 deficiency. Methods: Electrophysiological, serological, and clinical evaluations were undertaken in the evaluation of this patient. Results: A 22‐year‐old man abused N2O and presented with a dorsal column syndrome with low vitamin B12 and high homocysteine serum levels. He recovered with treatment but presented later with profound motor axonal degeneration and normal vitamin B12, homocysteine, and methlymalonic acid levels. Conclusions: This case illustrates that N2O‐associated severe motor neuropathy or neuronopathy can develop separately from typical vitamin B12 deficiency dorsal column myelopathy. This syndrome can present when functional measures of vitamin B12 deficiency have normalized. Muscle Nerve 51: 614–616, 2015
Tissue and cellular tropism, pathology and pathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg viruses
Authors: Martines Roosecelis Brasil , Ng Dianna L , Greer Patricia W , Rollin Pierre E , Zaki Sherif R 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEbola viruses and Marburg viruses include some of the most virulent and fatal pathogens known to humans. These viruses cause severe haemorrhagic fevers, with case fatality rates in the range 25–90%. The diagnosis of filovirus using formalin‐fixed tissues from fatal cases poses a significant challenge. The most characteristic histopathological findings are seen in the liver; however, the findings overlap with many other viral and non‐viral haemorrhagic diseases. The need to distinguish filovirus infections from other haemorrhagic fevers, particularly in areas with multiple endemic viral haemorrhagic agents, is of paramount importance. In this review we discuss the current state of knowledge of filovirus infections and their pathogenesis, including histopathological findings, epidemiology, modes of transmission and filovirus entry and spread within host organisms. The pathogenesis of filovirus infections is complex and involves activation of the mononuclear phagocytic system, with release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, endothelial dysfunction, alterations of the innate and adaptive immune systems, direct organ and endothelial damage from unrestricted viral replication late in infection, and coagulopathy. Although our understanding of the pathogenesis of filovirus infections has rapidly increased in the past few years, many questions remain unanswered. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Viable Systems Approach and its Contribution to the Analysis of Sustainable Business Behaviors
Authors: Barile Sergio , Saviano Marialuisa , Iandolo Francesca , Calabrese Mario 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to propose the contribution of adopting a systemic perspective to researching sustainability in terms of inclusivity and holistic view, going beyond the limitations of a reductionist approach. Among the different systemic approaches, the methodological lens proposed herein is the one of the Viable Systems Approach, according to which sustainability, which can be seen as a process that is dynamic and changing over time, is linked to the notion of systemic viability and connected to some of the most relevant key concepts of Viable Systems Approach.Through the proposition of the conceptual model of ‘The Viable Systems Cycle’, the authors intend to propose a different approach to the analysis and interpretation of sustainability that concerns the relationship among efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability itself and the way they orient and influence sustainable business behaviors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal changes in maternal corin and mid‐regional proatrial natriuretic peptide in women at risk of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Khalil A. , Maiz N. , Garcia‐Mandujano R. , Elkhouli M. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveCorin, an atrial natriuretic peptide‐converting enzyme, has been found to promote trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling. Yet, elevated maternal plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and corin levels have been reported in pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia (PE). The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes in maternal plasma levels of corin and mid‐regional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR‐PANP) in pregnancies that develop PE and gestational hypertension (GH).MethodsThis was a nested case–control study drawn from a larger prospective longitudinal study in singleton pregnancies identified as being at high risk for PE by screening at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. Blood samples were taken every 4 weeks until delivery. Values were compared in pregnancies that developed preterm PE (requiring delivery before 37 weeks' gestation), term PE, GH and those that remained normotensive.ResultsA total of 471 samples were analyzed from 122 women, including 85 that remained normotensive, 12 that developed GH, 13 term PE and 12 preterm PE. In the normotensive group, log10corin levels were associated with gestational age (P < 0.01), whereas log10MR‐PANP levels were not. In the preterm‐PE group, compared with the normotensive group, corin was significantly lower until 20 weeks' gestation (P = 0.001). In the GH and term‐PE groups, corin did not differ significantly from the normotensive group (P = 0.637 and P = 0.161, respectively). Compared with the normotensive group, MR‐PANP levels were significantly higher in the pregnancies that developed preterm PE and GH (P = 0.046 and P = 0.019, respectively), but not term PE (P = 0.467).ConclusionMaternal‐plasma corin and MR‐PANP could potentially be useful biomarkers for the prediction of preterm PE. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Performance of screening for aneuploidies by cell‐free DNA analysis of maternal blood in twin pregnancies
Authors: Bevilacqua E. , Gil M. M. , Nicolaides K. H. , Ordoñez E. , Cirigliano V. , Dierickx H. , Willems P. J. , Jani J. C. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo report clinical implementation of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) analysis of maternal blood in screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 in twin pregnancies and examine variables that could influence the failure rate of the test.MethodscfDNA testing was performed in 515 twin pregnancies at 10–28 weeks' gestation. The failure rate of the test to provide results was compared with that in 1847 singleton pregnancies, and logistic regression analysis was used to determine which factors among maternal and pregnancy characteristics were significant predictors of test failure.ResultsFailure rate of the cfDNA test at first sampling was 1.7% in singletons and 5.6% in twins. Of those with a test result, the median fetal fraction in twins was 8.7% (range, 4.1–30.0%), which was lower than that in singletons (11.7% (range, 4.0–38.9%)). Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that twin pregnancy, higher maternal weight and conception by in‐vitro fertilization provided significant independent prediction of test failure. Follow‐up was available in 351 (68.2%) of the twin pregnancies and comprised 334 with euploid fetuses, 12 discordant for trisomy 21 and five discordant for trisomy 18. In all 323 euploid cases with a result, the risk score for each trisomy was < 1:10 000. In 11 of the 12 cases with trisomy 21 and in the five with trisomy 18, the cfDNA test gave a high‐risk result, but in one case of trisomy 21, the score was < 1:10 000.ConclusionIn twin pregnancies screening by cfDNA testing is feasible, but the failure rate is higher and detection rate may be lower than in singletons. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Tris(2,4,6‐triamino‐1,3,5‐triazin‐1‐ium) Dihydrogenphosphate Monohydrogenphosphate Tetrahydrate
Authors: Hausner Josef , Butterhof Christian , Martin Thomas , Milius Wolfgang , Breu Josef 
Published: October 2014

Abstract When “recrystallizing” the commercial flame retardant melaminium orthophosphate, surprisingly a hydrate with a diverging stoichiometry of melaminium (M) and phosphate (P) was obtained (M3P2·4H2O). The structure of M3P2·4H2O was solved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The arrangement of positive melaminium and negative phosphate layers found in the crystal structure allows for both electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding networks. The melaminium layers are comprised of hydrogen‐bonded ribbons of melaminium, which in turn are connected by π–π interactions into layers. The negatively charged phosphate layers are comprised of hydrogen bonded dihydrogenphosphate dimers and hydrogenphosphate dimers, which in turn are interconnected by direct and water‐mediated hydrogen bonding into layers.
Context‐Dependent Pathways of the Transmission of Risk from Communities to Individuals
Authors: Lamont Andrea E. , Van Horn M. Lee , Hawkins J. David 
Published: October 2014

AbstractResearch has consistently documented the role of environmental risk factors in the onset of delinquent behavior among youth. Less is known about the processes through which these contextual risks are translated to individual youth behavior. The aim of the current study is to examine the role of family risk factors in the transmission of community risk. Data was obtained from a nationally representative sample of over 30,000 middle school youth and community key informants (CKI). A multilevel, moderated mediation model was estimated with family risk as the moderator of the effect of CKI ratings of community risk on youth perceptions of risk. Results showed that when youth came from low risk families (measured by parental use of positive family management strategies), youth perceptions of risk mediated the effects of community risk on youth delinquency; however, there was no evidence of a significant mediated effect under conditions of high risk (measured by poor family management). This appears to be because youth from high‐risk families perceived their neighborhoods as high‐risk, regardless of actual levels of risk (as reported by CKI). This study finds that the relationship between communities and adolescent behavior is complex and interacts with the family environment.
Inborn errors of cytoplasmic triglyceride metabolism
Authors: Wu Jiang Wei , Yang Hao , Wang Shu Pei , Soni Krishnakant G. , Brunel‐Guitton Catherine , Mitchell Grant A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTriglyceride (TG) synthesis, storage, and degradation together constitute cytoplasmic TG metabolism (CTGM). CTGM is mostly studied in adipocytes, where starting from glycerol‐3‐phosphate and fatty acyl (FA)‐coenzyme A (CoA), TGs are synthesized then stored in cytoplasmic lipid droplets. TG hydrolysis proceeds sequentially, producing FAs and glycerol. Several reactions of CTGM can be catalyzed by more than one enzyme, creating great potential for complex tissue‐specific physiology. In adipose tissue, CTGM provides FA as a systemic energy source during fasting and is related to obesity. Inborn errors and mouse models have demonstrated the importance of CTGM for non‐adipose tissues, including skeletal muscle, myocardium and liver, because steatosis and dysfunction can occur. We discuss known inborn errors of CTGM, including deficiencies of: AGPAT2 (a form of generalized lipodystrophy), LPIN1 (childhood rhabdomyolysis), LPIN2 (an inflammatory condition, Majeed syndrome, described elsewhere in this issue), DGAT1 (protein loosing enteropathy), perilipin 1 (partial lipodystrophy), CGI‐58 (gene ABHD5, neutral lipid storage disease (NLSD) with ichthyosis and “Jordan's anomaly” of vacuolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL, gene PNPLA2, NLSD with myopathy, cardiomyopathy and Jordan's anomaly), hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL, gene LIPE, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance). Two inborn errors of glycerol metabolism are known: glycerol kinase (GK, causing pseudohypertriglyceridemia) and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1, childhood hepatic steatosis). Mouse models often resemble human phenotypes but may diverge markedly. Inborn errors have been described for less than one‐third of CTGM enzymes, and new phenotypes may yet be identified.
Defective lipid metabolism in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) syndromes: not only a matter of iron
Authors: Colombelli Cristina , Aoun Manar , Tiranti Valeria 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNeurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a group of devastating and life threatening rare diseases. Adult and early‐onset NBIA syndromes are inherited as X‐chromosomal, autosomal dominant or recessive traits and several genes have been identified as responsible for these disorders. Among the identified disease genes, only two code for proteins directly involved in iron metabolism while the remaining NBIA genes encode proteins with a wide variety of functions ranging from fatty acid metabolism and autophagy to still unknown activities. It is becoming increasingly evident that many neurodegenerative diseases are associated with metabolic dysfunction that often involves altered lipid metabolism. This is not surprising since neurons have a peculiar and heterogeneous lipid composition critical for the development and correct functioning of the nervous system. This review will focus on specific NBIA forms, namely PKAN, CoPAN, PLAN, FAHN and MPAN, which display an interesting link between neurodegeneration and alteration of phospholipids and sphingolipids metabolism, mitochondrial morphology and membrane remodelling
High-elevation late Pleistocene (MIS 6–5) vertebrate faunas from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado
Authors: Sertich Joseph J.W. , Stucky Richard K. , McDonald H. Gregory , Newton Cody , Fisher Daniel C. , Scott Eric , Demboski John R. , Lucking Carol , McHorse Brianna K. , Davis Edward B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe vertebrate record at the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site (ZRFS) near Snowmass Village, Colorado ranges from ~140 to 77 ka, spanning all of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. The site contains at least 52 taxa of macro- and microvertebrates, including one fish, three amphibian, four reptile, ten bird, and 34 mammal taxa. The most common vertebrate isAmbystoma tigrinum(tiger salamander), which is represented by >22,000 elements representing the entire life cycle. The mastodon,Mammut americanum, is the most common mammal, and is documented by >1800 skeletal elements making the ZRFS one of the largest accumulations of proboscidean remains in North America. Faunas at the ZRFS can be divided into two groups, a lake-margin group dating to ~140–100 ka that is dominated by woodland taxa, and a lake-center group dating to ~87–77 ka characterized by taxa favoring more open conditions. The change in faunal assemblages occurred between MIS 5c and 5a (vertebrates were absent from MIS 5b deposits), which were times of significant environmental change at the ZRFS. Furthermore, the ZRFS provides a well-dated occurrence of the extinctBison latifrons, which has implications for the timing of the Rancholabrean Mammal Age in the region.
A phase-field model of two-phase Hele-Shaw flow
Authors: Cueto-Felgueroso Luis , Juanes Ruben 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe propose a continuum model of two-phase flow in a Hele-Shaw cell. The model describes the multiphase three-dimensional flow in the cell gap using gap-averaged quantities such as fluid saturation and Darcy flux. Viscous and capillary coupling between the fluids in the gap leads to a nonlinear fractional flow function. Capillarity and wetting phenomena are modelled within a phase-field framework, designing a heuristic free energy functional that induces phase segregation at equilibrium. We test the model through the simulation of bubbles and viscously unstable displacements (viscous fingering). We analyse the model’s rich behaviour as a function of capillary number, viscosity contrast and cell geometry. Including the effect of wetting films on the two-phase flow dynamics opens the door to exploring, with a simple two-dimensional model, the impact of wetting and flow rate on the performance of microfluidic devices and geological flows through fractures.
Normal stress differences in suspensions of rigid fibres
Authors: Snook Braden , Davidson Levi M. , Butler Jason E. , Pouliquen Olivier , Guazzelli Élisabeth 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMeasurements of normal stress differences are reported for suspensions of rigid, non-Brownian fibres for concentrations of $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}nL^2d=1.5\text {--}3$ and aspect ratios of $L/d=11\text {--}32$, where $n$ is the number of fibres per unit volume, $L$ is the fibre length and $d$ is the diameter. The first and second normal stress differences are determined experimentally from measuring the deformation in the free surface in a tilted trough and in a Weissenberg rheometer. Simulations are performed as well, and the hydrodynamic and contact contributions to the normal stresses are calculated. The experiments and simulations indicate that the second normal stress difference is negative and that its magnitude increases as the concentration is raised and the aspect ratio is lowered. The first normal stress difference is positive and its magnitude is approximately twice that of the second normal stress difference. Simulation results indicate that, for the concentrations and aspect ratios studied, contact forces between fibres form the dominant contribution to the normal stress differences.