bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The identification of tuberculosis biomarkers in human urine samples
Authors: Young Brandy L. , Mlamla Zandile , Gqamana Putuma P. , Smit Salome , Roberts Teri , Peter Jonathan , Theron Grant , Govender Ureshnie , Dheda Keertan , Blackburn Jonathan 
Published: April 2014

We aimed to determine whether shotgun proteomic approaches could be used to identify tuberculosis (TB)-specific biomarkers in the urine of well-characterised patients with active TBversusno TB.Patients with suspected TB (n=63) were classified as: definite TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosispositive culture, n=21); presumed latent-TB infection (LTBI) (M. tuberculosisnegative culture, no radiological features of active TB, a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-IT) test and a positive T-SPOT.TB test, n=24); and presumed non-TB/non-LTBI (M. tuberculosisnegative culture, no radiological features of active TB, a negative QFT-IT test and a negative T-SPOT.TB test, n=18). Urine proteins, in the range of 3–50 kDa, were collected, separated by a one-dimensional SDS-PAGE gel and digested using trypsin, after which high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the urinary proteome.10 mycobacterial proteins were observed exclusively in the urine of definite TB patients, while six mycobacterial proteins were found exclusively in the urine of presumed LTBI patients. In addition, a gene ontology enrichment analysis identified a panel of 20 human proteins that were significant discriminators (p<0.05) for TB disease compared to no TB disease. Furthermore, seven common human proteins were differentially over- or under-expressed in the TBversusthe non-TB group.These biomarkers hold promise for the development of new point-of-care diagnostics for TB.
SFTA3, a novel protein of the lung: three-dimensional structure, characterisation and immune activation
Authors: Schicht Martin , Rausch Felix , Finotto Susetta , Mathews Martina , Mattil Anja , Schubert Melanie , Koch Beate , Traxdorf Maximilian , Bohr Christopher , Worlitzsch Dieter , Brandt Wolfgang , Garreis Fabian , Sel Saadettin , Paulsen Friedrich , Bräuer Lars 
Published: April 2014

The lung constantly interacts with numerous pathogens. Thus, complex local immune defence mechanisms are essential to recognise and dispose of these intruders. This work describes the detection, characterisation and three-dimensional structure of a novel protein of the lung (surfactant-associated protein 3 (SFTA3/SP-H)) with putative immunological features.Bioinformatics, biochemical and immunological methods were combined to elucidate the structure and function of SFTA3. The tissue-specific detection and characterisation was performed by using electron microscopy as well as fluorescence imaging.Three-dimensional structure generation and analysis led to the development of specific antibodies and, as a consequence, to the localisation of a novel protein in human lung under consideration of cystic fibrosis, asthma and sepsis.In vitroexperiments revealed that lipopolysaccharide induces expression of SFTA3 in the human lung alveolar type II cell line A549. By contrast, the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-23 inhibit expression of SFTA3 in A549. Sequence- and structure-based prediction analysis indicated that the novel protein is likely to belong to the family of lung surfactant proteins.The results suggest that SFTA3 is an immunoregulatory protein of the lung with relevant protective functions during inflammation at the mucosal sites.
Quantitative imaging of airway liquid absorption in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Locke Landon W. , Myerburg Michael M. , Markovetz Matthew R. , Parker Robert S. , Weber Lawrence , Czachowski Michael R. , Harding Thomas J. , Brown Stefanie L. , Nero Joseph A. , Pilewski Joseph M. , Corcoran Timothy E. 
Published: April 2014

New measures are needed to rapidly assess emerging treatments for cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Using an imaging approach, we evaluated the absorptive clearance of the radiolabeled small molecule probe diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) as anin vivoindicator of changes in airway liquid absorption.DTPA absorption and mucociliary clearance rates were measured in 21 patients with CF (12 adults and nine children) and nine adult controls using nuclear imaging. The effect of hypertonic saline on DTPA absorption was also studied. In addition,in vitrostudies were conducted to identify the determinants of transepithelial DTPA absorption.CF patients had significantly increased rates of DTPA absorption compared with control subjects but had similar mucociliary clearance rates. Treatment with hypertonic saline resulted in a decrease in DTPA absorption and an increase in mucociliary clearance in 11 out of 11 adult CF patients compared with treatment with isotonic saline.In vitrostudies revealed that ∼50% of DTPA absorption can be attributed to transepithelial fluid transport. Apically applied mucus impedes liquid and DTPA absorption. However, mucus effects become negligible in the presence of an osmotic stimulus.Functional imaging of DTPA absorption provides a quantifiable marker of immediate response to treatments that promote airway surface liquid hydration.
RNA sequencing-mediated transcriptome analysis of rice plants in endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions
Authors: Wakasa Yuhya , Oono Youko , Yazawa Takayuki , Hayashi Shimpei , Ozawa Kenjirou , Handa Hirokazu , Matsumoto Takashi , Takaiwa Fumio 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is widely known to function in eukaryotes to maintain the homeostasis of the ER when unfolded or misfolded proteins are overloaded in the ER. To understand the molecular mechanisms of the ER stress response in rice (Oryza sativa L.), we previously analyzed the expression profile of stably transformed rice in which an ER stress sensor/transducer OsIRE1 was knocked-down, using the combination of preliminary microarray and quantitative RT-PCR. In this study, to obtain more detailed expression profiles of genes involved in the initial stages of the ER stress response in rice, we performed RNA sequencing of wild-type and transgenic rice plants produced by homologous recombination in which endogenous genomic OsIRE1 was replaced by missense alleles defective in ribonuclease activity.

Results
At least 38,076 transcripts were investigated by RNA sequencing, 380 of which responded to ER stress at a statistically significant level (195 were upregulated and 185 were downregulated). Furthermore, we successfully identified 17 genes from the set of 380 ER stress-responsive genes that were not included in the probe set of the currently available microarray chip in rice. Notably, three of these 17 genes were non-annotated genes, even in the latest version of the Rice Annotation Project Data Base (RAP-DB, version IRGSP-1.0).

Conclusions
Therefore, RNA sequencing-mediated expression profiling provided valuable information about the ER stress response in rice plants and led to the discovery of new genes related to ER stress.
Mammotome-assisted endoscopic breast-conserving surgery: a novel technique for early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Xu Yan , Ming Jia , Zhou Yan , Qi Xiaowei , Fan Linjun , Jiang Jun 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Because of its minimally invasive and highly accurate nature, the use of Mammotome, a vacuum-assisted breast biopsy device has proven beneficial to the treatment of benign breast lesions. Taking advantage of endoscopic and Mammotome techniques together, we utilized the Mammotome device for therapeutic excision of malignant lesions in breast-conserving surgery (BCS).

Methods
Between December 2009 and January 2010, two patients with early breast cancer received Mammotome-assisted endoscopic BCSs. Under ultrasound monitoring, the Mammotome system dissected the surrounding tissue and freed the tumor en bloc leaving negative margins; endoscopic axillary lymph node dissection then followed.

Results
The operation time was less than 180 minutes and the mean blood loss was 60 ml. The post-operative pathology report confirmed two patients to have invasive ductal carcinoma, one without axillary lymph nodes metastasis (0/11) and the other with one lymph node metastasis (1/21). No adverse events were noted. During a mean follow-up of 26.5 months, no evidence of recurrence or metastasis was found. The patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results.

Conclusions
Mammotome-assisted endoscopic surgery appears to be a valuable option for early breast cancer. The long-term therapeutic effect remains to be confirmed.
IL-17+Foxp3+ T cells: an intermediate differentiation stage between Th17 cells and regulatory T cells
Authors: Du Ruijuan , Zhao Hua , Yan Fan , Li Hui 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTFoxp3+ Tregs have been known as a major regulator of immune homeostasis through their immunosuppressive function. Th17 lineage is a CD4+ T cell subset that exerts its function by secreting proinflammatory cytokines and protecting host against microbial infections. The altered ratio between Foxp3+ Tregs and Th17 cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases. Recent mice and human studies have demonstrated that Tregs can be reprogrammed into a novel population, IL-17+Foxp3+ T cells, phenotypically and functionally resembling Th17 cells under the complicated cytokine stimulation. The identification of IL-17+Foxp3+ T cells may provide a new understanding of therapy targeting Tregs and Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here, we highlight significant data regarding the phenotype profile, origination, differentiation, and the pleiotropic functions of IL-17+Foxp3+ T cells and the reciprocal relationships of these cells to Tregs and Th17 cells. Furthermore, the role of IL-17+Foxp3+ T cells in tumorigenesis and clinical implications in cancer therapy are discussed in this review.
Gold Nanoparticle Satellite Nanostructures on a Glass Substrate for Dual-responsive Optical Sensing of Organic Liquids
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Matsumoto Ai , Tsuruoka Takaaki , Nawafune Hidemi , Akamatsu Kensuke 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Core–satellite nanostructures made of gold nanoparticles were fabricated on glass substrates by controlled immobilization of the nanoparticles and VUV irradiation. Coupled SPR absorption between core and satellite nanoparticles was observed, depending on the length of the dithiol linkers. These satellite nanostructures provide an improved selectivity for distinguishing various liquids using single and coupled SPR absorption in a dual-responsive manner.
Influences of Acrylonitrile (AN) Content in Styrene–Acrylonitrile (SAN) Copolymer on the Mechanical Property, Thermo-deformation Resistance, and Morphology of PVC–ASA–DOP Blends
Authors: Ren Liang , Li Yu , Zhang Mingyao , Han Ye , Zhang Huixuan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this work, PVC–ASA–DOP blends were prepared by melt blending ASA (acrylate–styrene–acrylonitrile) graft copolymer, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) resin with dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The effects of AN content on the property of the blends were investigated. The results showed that the mechanical property depended on AN content in the SAN copolymer, and PVC was immiscible with the SAN copolymer over the entire AN composition range. Thermo-deformation resistance was dependent on Tg and the storage modulus. From SEM, it was found that the morphology was consistent with the property.
Molecular Muscles: From Species in Solution to Materials and Devices
Authors: Niess Frédéric , Duplan Vincent , Sauvage Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The field of “molecular machines” based on interlocking ring compounds started about twenty years ago with the deliberate synthesis of molecules or molecular assemblies which could be set in motion using various types of signals (mostly photonic, electrochemical, or chemical). The complexity of the systems gradually increased and, twelve years ago, rotaxane dimers whose length could be controlled were proposed. At that time, they were among the most sophisticated machines. In the present review article, we present a survey of the most significant systems published since the beginning of nanosize molecular muscles. The doubly threaded nature of rotaxane dimers consisting of two “ring-and-string” fragments with the ring of one fragment being threaded by the thread of the other fragment, and vice versa, is certainly very well adapted to contraction and elongation motions. The various muscle-like species discussed are based on significantly different principles: coordination chemistry, the transition metals used playing a central role, hydrophobic forces combined with photoisomerization processes or solvent effects when the threaded rings were cyclodextrins, hydrogen bonding and acceptor–donor interactions, the movement being driven by a pH change in this latter case. Particularly promising extensions of the field have been reported in recent years. In a very significant example, contraction and extension of surface-bound “molecular muscles” was shown to induce the bending of a beam that is five orders of magnitude larger in size than the molecular species itself. In the most recent contribution, preparation of a polymer from an elemental nanosize molecular muscle was achieved, leading to a long molecular fragment able to undergo contraction and elongation under well-controlled conditions. The corresponding material, formed by the association of thousands of molecular muscles, was shown to behave as a contractile and extensible system at the macroscopic level.
Refractory hypercalcaemia secondary to parathyroid carcinoma: response to high-dose denosumab
Authors: Karuppiah Dharshini , Thanabalasingham Gaya , Shine Brian , Wang Lai Mun , Sadler Gregory P , Karavitaki Niki , Grossman Ashley B 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveHypercalcaemia is an important cause of increased morbidity and mortality in patients with parathyroid carcinoma. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment but, equally, managing hypercalcaemia is of paramount importance. At present, few therapies have been shown to be effective in the most severe cases. This report describes the efficacy of denosumab in a patient with parathyroid carcinoma when conventional therapies had been shown to be relatively ineffective.Subject, methods and resultsA 50-year-old man presented with symptomatic hypercalcaemia 1 year after the surgery for his parathyroid carcinoma. Investigations revealed raised serum calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations consistent with the recurrence of the disease. Imaging failed to localise any surgically remediable foci. Medical management with loop diuretics, calcimimetics and bisphosphonates failed to provide a sustained response. Denosumab, as a monthly injection, led to a gradual decrement in his peak calcium concentrations with the values now persistently below 3 mmol/l.ConclusionsDenosumab, a fully human MAB that binds to the ‘receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)’, was shown to have a profound effect in modulating malignant hypercalcaemia. This medication should be considered as an effective option in patients with refractory hypercalcaemia secondary to parathyroid carcinoma.
A Longitudinal Study of Paternal Mental Health During Transition to Fatherhood as Young Adults
Authors: Garfield Craig F. , Duncan Greg , Rutsohn Joshua , McDade Thomas W. , Adam Emma K. , Coley Rebekah Levine , Chase-Lansdale P. Lindsay 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Rates of paternal depression range from 5% to 10% with a growing body of literature describing the harm to fathers, children, and families. Changes in depression symptoms over the life course, and the role of social factors, are not well known. This study examines associations with changes in depression symptoms during the transition to fatherhood for young fathers and whether this association differed by key social factors.

METHODS:
We combined all 4 waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to support a 23-year longitudinal analysis of 10 623 men and then created a “fatherhood-year” data set, regressing age-adjusted standardized depressive symptoms scores on fatherhood status (nonresidence/residence), fatherhood-years, and covariates to determine associations between Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores and fatherhood life course intervals.

RESULTS:
Depressive symptom scores reported at the entry into fatherhood are higher for nonresident fathers than nonfathers, which in turn are higher than those of resident fathers. Resident fathers have a significant decrease in scores during late adolescence (β = –0.035, P = .023), but a significant increase in scores during early fatherhood (β = 0.023, P = .041). From entrance into fatherhood to the end of early fatherhood (+5 years), the depressive symptoms score for resident fathers increases on average by 68%.

CONCLUSIONS:
In our longitudinal, population-based study, resident fathers show increasing depressive symptom scores during children's key attachment years of 0–5. Identifying at-risk fathers based on social factors and designing effective interventions may ultimately improve health outcomes for the entire family.
Elevated Serum Free Light Chains Predict Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bellary Srikanth , Faint Jeffrey M. , Assi Lakhvir K. , Hutchison Colin A. , Harding Stephen J. , Raymond Neil T. , Barnett Anthony H. 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
Elevated polyclonal serum immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs; combined FLCκ+FLCλ [cFLC]) are associated with adverse clinical outcomes and increased mortality; we investigated cFLC and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a cohort study of 352 south Asian patients with type 2 diabetes, serum cFLC, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and standard biochemistry were measured. CVD events over 2 years were recorded and assessed using multiple logistic regression.

RESULTS
cFLC levels were elevated significantly in 29 of 352 (8%) patients with CVD events during 2 years of follow-up (50.7 vs. 42.8 mg/L; P = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, elevated cFLC (&gt;57.2 mg/L) was associated with CVD outcomes (odds ratio 3.3 [95% CI 1.3–8.2]; P = 0.012) and remained significant after adjusting for age, albumin-to-creatinine ratio, diabetes duration, or treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
cFLC elevation is a novel marker for CVD outcomes in type 2 diabetes that warrants further investigation.
Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide Versus Sitagliptin After 52 Weeks in Type 2 Diabetes in a Randomized Controlled Trial (AWARD-5)
Authors: Nauck Michael , Weinstock Ruth S. , Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Guerci Bruno , Skrivanek Zachary , Milicevic Zvonko 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and safety of two doses of once-weekly dulaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, to sitagliptin in uncontrolled, metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. The primary objective was to compare (for noninferiority and then superiority) dulaglutide 1.5 mg versus sitagliptin in change from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at 52 weeks.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This multicenter, adaptive, double-blind, parallel-arm study randomized patients (N = 1,098; mean baseline age 54 years; HbA1c 8.1% [65 mmol/mol]; weight 86.4 kg; diabetes duration 7 years) to dulaglutide 1.5 mg, dulaglutide 0.75 mg, sitagliptin 100 mg, or placebo (placebo-controlled period up to 26 weeks). The treatment period lasted 104 weeks, with 52-week primary end point data presented.

RESULTS
The mean HbA1c changes to 52 weeks were (least squares mean ± SE): −1.10 ± 0.06% (−12.0 ± 0.7 mmol/mol), −0.87 ± 0.06% (9.5 ± 0.7 mmol/mol), and −0.39 ± 0.06% (4.3 ± 0.7 mmol/mol) for dulaglutide 1.5 mg, dulaglutide 0.75 mg, and sitagliptin, respectively. Both dulaglutide doses were superior to sitagliptin (P &lt; 0.001, both comparisons). No events of severe hypoglycemia were reported. Mean weight changes to 52 weeks were greater with dulaglutide 1.5 mg (−3.03 ± 0.22 kg) and dulaglutide 0.75 mg (−2.60 ± 0.23 kg) compared with sitagliptin (−1.53 ± 0.22 kg) (P &lt; 0.001, both comparisons). The most common gastrointestinal treatment-emergent adverse events in dulaglutide 1.5- and 0.75-mg arms were nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.

CONCLUSIONS
Both dulaglutide doses demonstrated superior glycemic control versus sitagliptin at 52 weeks with an acceptable tolerability and safety profile.
Youth Overweight and Metabolic Disturbances in Predicting Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Type 2 Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: Koskinen Juha , Magnussen Costan G. , Sabin Matthew A. , Kähönen Mika , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Laitinen Tomi , Taittonen Leena , Jokinen Eero , Lehtimäki Terho , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Raitakari Olli T. , Juonala Markus 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to assess cardiovascular risk and metabolic complications in adulthood in subjects with or without overweight and metabolic disturbances (i.e., elevated blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and high LDL cholesterol) and their combinations as youth.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using data from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study, we examined the utility of four age- and sex-specific youth phenotypes (group I: normal weight, no metabolic disturbances; group II: normal weight, one or more metabolic disturbances; group III: overweight/obese, no metabolic disturbances; group IV: overweight/obese, one or more metabolic disturbances) in predicting adult high carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The study included 1,617 participants 9–24 years of age at baseline who were followed up 21–25 years later.

RESULTS
IMT (mean ± SEM) was higher among participants in groups II (0.627 ± 0.005 mm, P = 0.05), III (0.647 ± 0.010 mm, P = 0.005), and IV (0.670 ± 0.010 mm, P &lt; 0.0001) compared with group I (0.616 ± 0.003 mm). In addition, subjects in group IV had significantly higher IMT compared with those in group II (P = 0.002). Participants in groups II, III, and IV were at increased risk of the development of MetS in adulthood compared with those in the control group. For group II participants, the difference was attenuated after risk factor adjustments. Additionally, participants in group III and IV were at increased risk of the development of T2DM compared with those in groups I and II.

CONCLUSIONS
While metabolic risk factors associated with overweight increase future risk for MetS, T2DM, and increased IMT, overweight in isolation is also a risk factor. Therefore, overweight should be prevented and treated wherever possible.