bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition‐Metal‐Free Regioselective C−H Arylation of Heteroarenes
Authors: Choudhary Shubhanjali , Yadav Tanisha , Jaleel Jarsha , Sharma Pragati , Jaryal Ritika , Bose Shubahnakar , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRegioselectively arylated heteroarenes are privileged scaffolds with remarkable biological and optoelectronic properties. Traditional arylation approaches based on the transition‐metal catalysis present various issues related to the cost of synthesis and environmental sustainability. The growing applications of arylheteroarenes in pharmaceuticals and cutting‐edge technologies have fuelled interest in the development of green and cost‐effective synthetic approaches. This article reports the recent progress in transition‐metal‐free strategies for the regioselective C−H arylation/heteroarylation of heteroarenes. C−H arylations of several five‐ and six‐membered, nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur containing heteroarenes using various arylation/heteroarylation reagents are comprehensively reviewed.
Experimental investigation of quaternary blends of diesel/hybrid biodiesel/vegetable oil/heptanol as a potential feedstock on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics in a CI engine
Authors: Jayanna Venkatesh Birur , Kulkarni Venkatesh Malhararao , Nanjappa Krishnamurthy Kondarajanahalli , Papanna Sumalatha Chandagalu , Thippeshnaik Ganesha , Gowdru Chandrashekarappa Manjunath Patel , Atamurotov Farruh , Shaik Saboor , Raja Vijayanandh , Alwetaishi Mamdooh , Benti Natei Ermias 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHybrid oils ensure multifaceted technological (self‐lubricating and favorable fatty acid properties), and sustainable (environmental, economic, and societal) benefits towards biodiesel conversions. The hybrid oils (Hydnocarpus wightiana oil and waste cooking oils [40:60 v/v]) were synthesized to methyl ester with alkaline catalyst sodium hydroxide through the base‐transesterification process. The resulting hybrid oil methyl ester (HOME) is 96.68%. The crude oil (CO) and its HOME underwent characterization using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and hydrogen‐1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The physicochemical properties of crude oils and hybrid biodiesel were analyzed and compared to pure diesel. Different blends of biodiesel–diesel, including binary (20% HOME + 80% diesel [D]), ternary (60% D + 20% HOME + 20% heptanol [H]), and quaternary (20% HOME + 20% H + 10% CO + 50% D) blends, were tested in a single‐cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine under various load conditions to assess their performance, emissions, and combustion properties. Experimental findings indicate that the addition of heptanol to diesel or hybrid biodiesel (ternary blend) enhances brake thermal efficiency, reduces brake‐specific fuel consumption, and leads to longer ignition delays, resulting in higher internal combustion pressure and thermal energy release rates compared to the quaternary blend. Additionally, compared to pure diesel, the ternary blend exhibits decreased emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC), with a slight increase in nitrous oxide (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Notably, the ternary blend emerges as a distinct alternative biodiesel blend suitable for direct use in CI engines without requiring any engine modifications.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Birds from Protected Regions in the Amazon
Authors: Loera Yeraldi , Gruppi Cristian , Swing Kelly , Campbell-Staton Shane C. , Milá Borja , Smith Thomas B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The extraction of crude oil and gold has substantially increased heavy metal contamination in the environment, yet the study of wildlife exposure and biological response to this pollution remains nascent even in the most biodiverse places in the world. We present a survey of heavy metal exposure in the feathers of wedge-billed woodcreepers (Glyphorynchus spirurus), a resident neotropical bird found within protected regions of the Amazon near oil and gold extraction sites. Our results show elevated heavy metal contamination in samples collected from protected areas proximate to known oil and gold extraction. Surprisingly, several samples from remote reference sites also displayed elevated levels of various heavy metals, suggesting a background of natural deposition or complex heavy metal contamination in the environment from anthropogenic sources. These results highlight the need to understand the ecological and biological impacts of increased heavy metal exposure on wildlife across space and time, including remote regions of the world purportedly untouched by these human-mediated stressors. Toward this goal, historical and contemporary data from native bird populations may provide crucial indicators for heavy metal contamination and exposure in wildlife and human communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2601–2607. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Sensitivity Variations in Developmental Toxicity of Imidacloprid to Zebrafish Embryos at Different Neurodevelopmental Stages
Authors: Xu Zewei , Xie Lingzhi , Li Huizhen , You Jing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neonicotinoids are ubiquitous in global surface waters and pose a significant risk to aquatic organisms. However, information is lacking on the variations in sensitivity of organisms at different developmental stages to the neurotoxic neonicotinoids. We established a spectrum of toxicity to zebrafish embryos at four neurodevelopmental stages (1, 3, 6, and 8 h post fertilization [hpf]) and dechorionated embryos at 6 hpf based on external and internal exposure to imidacloprid as a representative neonicotinoid. Embryos at the gastrula stage (6 and 8 hpf) were more sensitive to imidacloprid than embryos at earlier developmental stages. Dechorionated embryos were more sensitive to imidacloprid than embryos with a chorion, suggesting that the chorion offers protection against pollutants. Nine sublethal effects were induced by imidacloprid exposure, among which uninflated swim bladder (USB) was the most sensitive. Water depth and air availability in the exposure chambers were critical factors influencing the occurrence of USB in zebrafish larvae. Internal residues of metabolites accounted for &lt;10% of imidacloprid, indicating that imidacloprid was metabolized in a limited fashion in the embryos. In addition, acute toxicity of the main metabolite 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid was significantly lower than that of imidacloprid, indicating that the observed toxicity in embryos exposed to imidacloprid was mainly induced by the parent compound. Our research offers a fresh perspective on choosing the initial exposure time in zebrafish embryo toxicity tests, particularly for neurotoxicants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2398–2408. © 2024 SETAC
Abstract
Toxicity spectrum of imidacloprid to zebrafish embryos at multiple neurodevelopmental stages. USB = uninflated swim bladder; YSE = yolk sac edema; PE = pericardial edema; JM = jaw malformation; AP = atypical pigmentation; BM = brain malformation; PFM = pectoral fin malformation; LSM = lack of spontaneous movement; LTR = lack of touch response; LR50 = median lethal tissue residue concentration; hpf = hours post fertilization; De = dechorionated.
Antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of food‐derived bioactive peptides in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Zhou Yuefan , Xu Yixin , Tian Tongguan , Xu Yanping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHypertension significantly impacts the survival and quality of life of animals, often leading to chronic kidney failure. Current clinical drugs used to manage hypertension carry the risk of causing adverse reactions. In contrast, certain natural peptides have demonstrated the ability to safely reduce blood pressure by inhibiting the production of angiotensin. We administered four biologically active peptide solutions to spontaneously hypertensive rats: derived from corn, wheat, egg white, and soybean. The efficacy of these peptides in reducing blood pressure was assessed through regular measurements of systolic pressure. Additionally, we analyzed levels of angiotensin‐converting enzyme and angiotensin 2 using immunohistochemistry and ELISA in vivo. The indicators of oxidative stress and inflammation in hypertensive rats were evaluated using qRT‐PCR and ELISA, respectively. Both wheat (from 182.5 ± 12.26 mmHg at day 0 to 168.86 ± 5.86 mmHg at day 20, p = .0435) and soybean (from 189 ± 2.19 mmHg at day 0 to 178.25 ± 5.14 mmHg at day 20, p = .0017) notably lowered systolic blood pressure compared to their starting systolic blood pressures in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Both wheat and soybean peptides significantly reduced plasma ANG II levels, akin to captopril’s effect. Wheat peptides additionally exhibited antioxidant properties. Only the corn peptide showed a significant increase in transcript levels of the proinflammatory factors IL‐6 and TNF‐α. At the protein level, all four kinds of peptides significantly elevated IL‐6 levels while inhibiting TNF‐α secretion. This study demonstrates that wheat peptides and soybean peptides administered as dietary supplements exhibit significant hypotensive and antioxidant effects.
Forest cover lessens hurricane impacts on peak streamflow
Authors: Hall Jazlynn , Scholl Martha , Shanley James , Matt Serena , Uriarte María 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCyclonic storms (i.e., hurricanes) are powerful disturbance events that often cause widespread forest damage. Storm‐related canopy damage reduces rainfall interception and evapotranspiration, but impacts on streamflow regimes are poorly understood. We quantify streamflow changes in Puerto Rico following Hurricane Maria in September 2017, and evaluate whether forest cover and storm‐related canopy damage account for the differences. Streams are particularly vulnerable to flooding in early post‐disturbance stages during hurricane season, so we focus on 3 months (Oct–Dec) following the hurricane. To discern changes in rainfall responses, we partitioned streamflow into baseflow and quickflow using a digital filter. We collected 2010–2017 streamflow and rainfall data from 18 watersheds and compared the relative magnitude of post‐ to pre‐hurricane double mass curve slopes of baseflow and quickflow volumes against rainfall. Several watersheds displayed higher post‐hurricane quickflow and baseflow, however, the response was variable. The magnitude of quickflow increase was greater in watersheds with high forest damage. Under the same level of relative damage, watersheds with low initial forest cover had greater quickflow increases than highly forested ones. Conversely, baseflow generally increased, but increases were greater in highly forested watersheds and smaller in highly damaged watersheds. These results suggest that post‐storm baseflow increases were due to recharge of hurricane‐related rainfall, as well as forest transpiration interruption and soil disturbance enhancing recharge of post‐hurricane rainfall, while increases to quickflow are related to loss of canopy rainfall interception and higher soil saturation decreasing infiltration. Our research demonstrates that forest damage from disturbance lowers quickflow and elevates baseflow in highly forested watersheds, and elevates quickflow and lowers baseflow in less‐forested watersheds. Less‐forested watersheds may be closer to the forest cover loss threshold needed to elicit a streamflow response following disturbance, suggesting higher flooding potential downstream, and a lower storm‐related forest disturbance threshold than in heavily forested watersheds.
What can laboratory studies tell us about potential effects of pesticides on nontarget arthropods populations and communities in the field?
Authors: Thompson Helen , Elston Charlotte 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Over the past decades, concern has been increasing over reported declines in aboveground biodiversity on farmland. In many regions, data on the toxicity of pesticides to honeybees (Apis mellifera), but not wider nontarget arthropod (NTA) data, are required for pesticide registration. In Europe, the effects of pesticides on NTAs and honeybees have been the subject of regulatory risk assessment for more than 30 years, resulting in a large database. Although insecticides may be expected to affect NTA populations, solely identifying insecticidal modes of action for further NTA testing would result in redundancy among low-risk testing products and may also exclude other modes of action with potential effects in the field. This study assessed whether the honeybee acute risk assessment could provide any indication of the potential impact and recovery time of NTAs in cropped areas at the field scale and, if so, how it might be used in a tiered testing approach. The hazard quotients (HQs; foliar application rate/LR50) were derived for 151 active substances (32% insecticides, 28% fungicides, 38% herbicides, 2% plant growth regulators) for which toxicity data for established EU Tier 1 NTA indicator species (Typhlodromus pyri, Aphidius rhopalosiphi) and application rate data were available. These HQs were compared with published NTA HQ thresholds indicating the time to recovery of NTA populations and communities in field studies (&gt;1 to &gt;12 months). Using the same application rate data, honeybee acute risk quotient (RQ) and HQ were also determined and compared with NTA HQs and honeybee regulatory thresholds. These comparisons demonstrated that, where required, the current regulatory honeybee acute RQ of 0.4 or honeybee HQ of 50 can provide an efficient screening tier to target NTA testing at those products and uses with potential effects in the field where recovery may exceed 12 months. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2326–2333. © 2024 SETAC
Key Points
Comparison of the 151 nontarget arthropod (NTA) hazard quotients (HQs) with the honeybee acute risk quotients (RQs) and HQs revealed that the current honeybee thresholds (RQ 0.4 or HQ 50) can provide an efficient screening tier to target any NTA testing at those product and use rates with potential effects in the field where recovery may exceed 12 months. Such an approach is also applicable with mixture products and off-crop, with the relevance of the NTA HQ thresholds potentially being more widely addressed by assessing whether taxa identified in EU field studies encompass the traits of taxa within a region or of a particular species of interest.
Taxonomische Studien in der Gattung Xerula R. MRE. (XI)
Authors: Dörfelt Heinrich 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungEine als ”Oudemansiella longipes (St. Amans) Moser var. americana Mitchel, et Smith“ (Synonym für Xerula americana Dörfelt) angelegte Kultur eines Isolates von Canada (Manitoba) stimmt in ihren Fruchtkörpern nicht vollkommen mit Xerula americana überein. Die Sporen sind wesentlich kleiner, die Cystiden im Gegensatz zu Xerula americana an der Schneide der Lamellen konzentriert. Möglicherweise handelt es sich um eine unbeschriebene Xerula‐Art. Eine ostasiatische Probe von ”Oudemansiella longipes (St. Amans) Moser” erwies sich als gut charakterisierte selbständige Art der sect. Hyalosetae. Sie wird als Xerula hongoi neu beschrieben.
Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Moosflora der Mongolischen Volksrepublik. II1)
Authors: Grolle Riclef , Meinunger Ludwig , Hilbig Werner , Huneck Siegfried 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Fundorte von 14 Lebermoosen und 29 Laubmoosen ans der Mongolischen Volksrepublik mitgeteilt. Frullania muscicola und Plagiochasma japonicum werden erstmalig für die MVR nachgewiesen. Alle Angaben von Frullania dilata aus der MVR sind vermutlich unzutreffend.
Vergleichende geobotanische Untersuchungen in der Baschkirischen ASSR 4. Teil: Wiesen‐ und Saumgesellschaften
Authors: Klotz Stefan , Köck Uwe‐Volkmak 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer vierte Teil der ”Vergleichenden geobotanischen Untersuchungen in der Baschkirischen ASSR“ enthält die Ergebnisse der pflanzensoziologischen Untersuchungen der Wiesen‐ und Saumvegetation.Auf der Grundlage der Braun‐Blanquet‐Methode wird die floristisch‐soziologische Struktur der ausgeschiedenen Vegetationseinheiten dargestellt. Die Gesellschaften werden synökologisch charakterisiert und die pflanzengeographisch‐synchorologischen Aspekte im Vergleich mit mitteleuropäischen Pflanzengesellschaften diskutiert.
Neue Hyphomyzeten‐Arten aus Kuba
Authors: Arnold Günter R. W. , Ruiz Rafael F. Castañeda 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungAls Ergebnis von Aufsammlungen impurfekter Pilze (Hyphomycetes) aus verschiedenen Gebieten Kubas werden Scolecobasidiella tropicalis sp. nov., Alysidiopsis foliicola sp. nov., Staheliella nivea sp. nov., Oncopodiella cubensis sp. nov., Riessia sp. und Grallomyces portoricensis Stevens als neue Vertreter der Mykoflora des Landes vorgestellt.
Preliminary image evaluation performance of radiographers in one New Zealand District: a 6‐month prospective study
Authors: Lewis Kim , Mdletshe Sibusiso , Doubleday Andrea , Pieterse Tracey 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionPreliminary image evaluation (PIE) is a system where radiographers alert emergency department referrers to the presence or absence of abnormalities on acute extremity X‐ray examinations. PIE and similar systems have been utilised in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia due to a shortage of radiologists to provide a timely report. As New Zealand (NZ) faces a similar shortage, PIE should be considered to address the negative impact this has on patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of regular feedback and education on radiographers' performance when detecting and describing acute abnormalities on extremity X‐ray examinations in ED.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study design was utilised for this study. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and accuracy of PIEs performed by seven radiographers at a public provincial district in NZ were assessed over a 6‐month period, with the participants provided monthly results along with regular e‐mailed feedback on common errors.ResultsThe mean for sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy calculated with a 95% confidence interval over the 6‐month period were 92.8% (89.9, 95.8), 94.9 (93.1, 96.8), and 94.2 (91.9, 96.5), respectively. When the month‐to‐month results were analysed, the results demonstrated an improvement in participants' sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy over the 6‐month period.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrated that radiographers who participated in the study can perform PIE to a high standard that is comparable with the findings from international studies and demonstrated an improvement over 6 months. Therefore, PIE may be useful in NZ to aid ED clinicians in their clinical decisions when a radiology report is unavailable.
Dried plasma spot as an innovative approach to therapeutic drug monitoring of apixaban: Development and validation of a novel liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method
Authors: Cafaro Alessia , Stella Manuela , Baiardi Giammarco , Barco Sebastiano , Pigliasco Federica , Bandettini Roberto , Nanni Luca , Mattioli Francesca , Cangemi Giuliana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractApixaban, a direct oral anticoagulant drug (DOAC), typically does not require routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), yet recent guidelines propose its use in specific clinical scenarios. While various antifactor Xa (anti‐FXa) chromogenic assays serve as useful proxies for measuring plasma exposure to apixaban in emergencies, they lack specificity compared with chromatographic methods. This research project is intended to the development and validation of a standardized protocol of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in conformity with the ICH guidelines M10 for the measurement of apixaban in both plasma and dried plasma spots (DPSs). Samples preparation included protein precipitation after the addition of a deuterated internal standard (IS), and the chromatographic separation was carried out on a Thermo Scientific™ Accucore™ Polar Premium column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, i.d. 2.6 m). The newly developed LC–MS/MS method for apixaban mesurement from both plasma and DPS resulted linear over a wide concentration range (31.25–500 ng/mL), accurate, and reproducible without matrix effects, allowing for specific and rapid quantification. Stability was assessed on quality controls and a real sample, allowing the setting up of a robust TDM protocol that was applied to five anonymized plasma samples obtained from adult patients undergoing apixaban treatment at steady‐state. In conclusion our novel LC–MS/MS method is adequate for accurate apixaban quantitation from both plasma and DPS matrixes, and may thus facilitate the guidelines suggested implementation of apixaban TDM, even in peripheral hospitals through shipment of DPS at reference laboratories.
Human papillomavirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus in Korean patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer: Evaluation and genetic variability of the noncoding control region
Authors: Jin Hyoung‐Tae , Kim Yong‐Sun , Choi Eun‐Kyoung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is an important causative factor of cervical cancer and is associated with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a rare and highly fatal cutaneous virus that can cause Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Although coinfection with oncogenic HPV and MCPyV may increase cancer risk, a definitive etiological link has not been established. Recently, genomic variation and genetic diversity in the MCPyV noncoding control region (NCCR) among ethnic groups has been reported. The current study aimed to provide accurate prevalence information on HPV and MCPyV infection/coinfection in NSCLC patients and to evaluate and confirm Korean MCPyV NCCR variant genotypes and sequences. DNA from 150 NSCLC tissues and 150 adjacent control tissues was assessed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting regions of the large T antigen (LT‐ag), viral capsid protein 1 (VP1), and NCCR. MCPyV was detected in 22.7% (34 of 150) of NSCLC tissues and 8.0% (12 of 150) of adjacent tissues from Korean patients. The incidence rates of HPV with and without MCPyV were 26.5% (nine of 34) and 12.9% (15 of 116). The MCPyV NCCR genotype prevalence in Korean patients was 21.3% (32 of 150) for subtype I and 6% (nine of 150) for subtype IIc. Subtype I, a predominant East Asian strain containing 25 bp tandem repeats, was most common in the MCPyV NCCR data set. Our results confirm that coinfection with other tumor‐associated viruses is not associated with NSCLC. Although the role of NCCR rearrangements in MCPyV infection remains unknown, future studies are warranted to determine the associations of MCPyV NCCR sequence rearrangements with specific diseases.