bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Tuberculosis Burden Among South Asians Living in New York City, 2001–2010
Authors: Stennis Natalie , Trieu Lisa , Perri Bianca , Anderson Janelle , Mushtaq Muhammad , Ahuja Shama 
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We have described the characteristics of South Asian-born tuberculosis (TB) patients living in New York City (NYC) and compared them with other foreign-born patients to explore possible explanations for the disproportionate burden of TB in the South Asian population. Methods. We used data on demographic and clinical characteristics for TB patients identified by the NYC Bureau of Tuberculosis Control from 2001 to 2010 to compare South Asian patients with other Asian and other foreign-born patients. We reviewed genotyping and cluster investigation data for South Asian patients to assess the extent of genotype clustering and the possibility of local transmission in this population. Results. The observed disparity in TB rates and burden among South Asians was not explained by social or clinical characteristics. A large amount of TB strain diversity was observed among South Asians, and they were less likely than other foreign-born patients to be infected with the same TB strain as another NYC patient. Conclusions. The majority of South Asians were likely infected with TB abroad. South Asians represent a meaningful foreign-born subpopulation for targeted detection and treatment of TB infection in NYC.
Assessing the Expected Impact of Global Health Treaties: Evidence From 90 Quantitative Evaluations
Authors: Hoffman Steven J. , Røttingen John-Arne 
Published: November 2014

We assessed what impact can be expected from global health treaties on the basis of 90 quantitative evaluations of existing treaties on trade, finance, human rights, conflict, and the environment.It appears treaties consistently succeed in shaping economic matters and consistently fail in achieving social progress. There are at least 3 differences between these domains that point to design characteristics that new global health treaties can incorporate to achieve positive impact: (1) incentives for those with power to act on them; (2) institutions designed to bring edicts into effect; and (3) interests advocating their negotiation, adoption, ratification, and domestic implementation.Experimental and quasiexperimental evaluations of treaties would provide more information about what can be expected from this type of global intervention.
Disparities in Weight and Weight Behaviors by Sexual Orientation in College Students
Authors: Laska Melissa N. , VanKim Nicole A. , Erickson Darin J. , Lust Katherine , Eisenberg Marla E. , Rosser B. R. Simon 
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We assessed disparities in weight and weight-related behaviors among college students by sexual orientation and gender. Methods. We performed cross-sectional analyses of pooled annual data (2007–2011; n = 33 907) from students participating in a Minnesota state-based survey of 40 two- and four-year colleges and universities. Sexual orientation included heterosexual, gay or lesbian, bisexual, unsure, and discordant heterosexual (heterosexuals engaging in same-sex sexual experiences). Dependent variables included weight status (derived from self-reported weight and height), diet (fruits, vegetables, soda, fast food, restaurant meals, breakfast), physical activity, screen time, unhealthy weight control, and body satisfaction. Results. Bisexual and lesbian women were more likely to be obese than heterosexual and discordant heterosexual women. Bisexual women were at high risk for unhealthy weight, diet, physical activity, and weight control behaviors. Gay and bisexual men exhibited poor activity patterns, though gay men consumed significantly less regular soda (and significantly more diet soda) than heterosexual men. Conclusions. We observed disparities in weight-, diet-, and physical activity–related factors across sexual orientation among college youths. Additional research is needed to better understand these disparities and the most appropriate intervention strategies to address them.
Community Mobilization to Reduce Drug Use, Quang Ninh, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Hien Tran , Tran Anh Viet , Nguyen Nguyen Binh , Nguyen Son Hong , Vu Diep Bich , Nguyen Nhu To , Brookmeyer Ronald S. , Detels Roger 
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We implemented an intervention to reduce drug use in an urban commune in northern Vietnam. Methods. We encouraged the intervention commune to accept responsibility for developing their own intervention strategies based on a community mobilization model used in southern, rural China. We selected a comparison commune, which had demographic characteristics and a drug history similar to the intervention commune. The 2-year incidence of new drug users was estimated retrospectively in the intervention and comparison communes between baseline (2003) and follow-up (2009). Results. Increased incidence of new (noninjecting) drug users between 2003 and 2009 in the intervention commune was lower than that in the comparison commune, and these participants expressed more positive attitudes toward local authority and people with drug use and HIV/AIDS. Increased condom use during last intercourse with female sex workers and with female casual partners was observed in the intervention commune. HIV prevalence and positive opioid tests decreased more in the intervention commune. Conclusions. Our results suggested that the community mobilization had a positive influence in the intervention commune.
Routine HIV Testing in Indiana Community Health Centers
Authors: Meyerson Beth E. , Navale Shalini M. , Gillespie Anthony , Ohmit Anita 
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We assessed routine HIV testing in Indiana community health centers (CHCs). Methods. CHC medical directors reported HIV services, testing behaviors, barriers, and health center characteristics via survey from April to May 2013. Standard of care testing was measured by the extent to which CHCs complied with national guidelines for routine HIV testing in clinical settings. Results. Most (85.7%) CHCs reported HIV testing, primarily at patient request or if the patient was symptomatic. Routine HIV testing was provided for pregnant women by 60.7% of CHCs. Only 10.7% provided routine testing for adolescents to adults up to age 65 years. Routine testing was reported by 14.3% for gay and bisexual men, although 46.4% of CHCs reported asking patients about sexual orientation. Linkage to care services for HIV-positive patients, counseling for HIV treatment adherence, and partner testing generally was not provided. Conclusions. Most CHCs reported HIV testing, but such testing did not reflect the standard of care, because it depended on patient request or symptoms. One approach in future studies may be to allow respondents to compare current testing with standard of care and then reflect on barriers to and facilitators of adoption and implementation of routine HIV testing.
Changing Gender Norms and Reducing Intimate Partner Violence: Results From a Quasi-Experimental Intervention Study With Young Men in Ethiopia
Authors: Pulerwitz Julie , Hughes Lindsay , Mehta Manisha , Kidanu Aklilu , Verani Fabio , Tewolde Samuel 
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We assessed the effects of a community-based project in Ethiopia that worked with young men to promote gender-equitable norms and reductions in intimate partner violence (IPV). Methods. A quasi-experimental design was used to assign young Ethiopian men 15 to 24 years of age (809 participants were surveyed at baseline in 2008) to an intervention involving community engagement (CE) activities in combination with interactive group education (GE) sessions promoting gender-equitable norms and violence prevention, an intervention involving CE activities alone, or a comparison group. Results. Participants in the GE + CE intervention were twice as likely (P < .01) as those in the comparison group to show increased support for gender-equitable norms between the baseline and end-line points. Also, the percentage of GE + CE participants who reported IPV toward their partner in the preceding 6 months decreased from 53% to 38% between baseline and end line, and the percentage in the CE-only group decreased from 60% to 37%; changes were negligible in the comparison group. Conclusions. Promoting gender equity is an important strategy to reduce IPV.
Detection of a sinusoidal oscillation of unknownfrequency in a time series – a geodetic approach
Authors: Lehmann R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Geodetic and geophysical time series may containsinusoidal oscillations of unknown angular frequency.Often it is required to decide if such sinusoidaloscillations are truly present in a given time series. Herewe pose the decision problem as a statistical hypothesistest, an approach very popular in geodesy and other scientificdisciplines. In the case of unknown angular frequenciessuch a test has not yet been proposed.We restrict ourselvesto the detection of a single sinusoidal oscillationin a one-dimensional time series, sampled at non-uniformtime intervals.We compare two solution methods: the likelihoodratio test for parameters in a Gauss-Markov modeland the analysis of the Lomb-Scargle periodogram. Wheneverneeded, critical values of these tests are computedusing the Monte Carlo method. We analyze an exemplarytime series from an absolute gravimetric observation byvarious tests. Finally, we compare their statistical power.It is found that the results for the exemplary time seriesare comparable. The LR test is more flexible, but alwaysrequires the Monte Carlo method for the computation ofcritical values. The periodogram analysis is computationallyfaster, because critical values can be approximatelydeduced from the exponential distribution, at least if thesampling is nearly uniform.
‘Chitta’, “The Mind-stuff” as a Cognitive Apparatus: Model of mind and process of cognition as in Yogasutra of Patanjali
Authors: Upadhyay-Dhungel K , Dahal BK 
Published: November 2014

Background and Objectives: Medical sciences have developed tremendously but yet it has to understand the brain, mind, consciousness and cognition process. In this article, authors have made an attempt to present a process of cognition with a model of mind explained in yoga sutra of Patanjali. Material and Methods: Understanding the mind with the modern scientific tools is often difficult. Here an attempt has been made to understand mind with the help of various literature in yoga especially in yoga sutra of patanjali, a valid text of yoga. Hermeneutical approach, a method used in qualitative method of inquiry is used for this study. Reading, re-reading the texts and finding the meaning out of the text is the process used. Results: A model of mind has been proposed as finding of the study. This model of mind has a ‘chitta’ (Mind stuff) as a cognitive apparatus and important component for cognition. ‘Chitta’ interacts with the external manifested world (Prakriti). ‘Chitta’ has Mana, Buddhi and Ego as Antakahrana (internal organ) and ‘Indriyas’ (Five Gyanendriyas and Five Karmaindriyas) as external organ. This concept of mind and cognition works for the plane of ‘chitta-vritti’ state where vrittis are the external world. But YSP also talks about next plane of cognition which is beyond the scope of this study. Conclusion: A cognitive model explaining the concept of mind forms a major finding of this research. This finding may initiate future researches in the field of understanding the mental processing and acts as links between ancient wisdom of yoga and modern concept on mind and cognition and how they can complement each other. This model of concept of mind can also be used as concept for psychological counseling and psychological therapy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v2i1.11390 Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol. 2 (1): 10-16
Gender Determination by Linear Dimension of Permanent Canine: An Odontometric Analysis
Authors: Sharma B , Balaji N , Sumathi MK 
Published: November 2014

Background and objectives: Identification, an aspect of forensic anthropology, is the recognition of an individual based on the physical characteristics unique to the individual. Among the four main attributes i.e. gender, age, stature and ethnic or racial background of an individual’s biological identity, sex determination is usually the first step in the human identification process. Teeth can be used as a means of sex determination as teeth are resistant to post-mortem degradation and survive deliberate, accidental or natural change. This study was carried out with an objective to determine the sexual dimorphism of maxillary and mandibular canine by linear tooth diameter for permanent dentition in Moradabad population. Material and Methods: A total number of 40 subjects (20 Males and 20 Females) were included in this study. After obtaining an informed written consent, alginate impression was taken with help of perforated impression trays and study models were prepared with type IV dental stone. Linear (MD, BL, Crown Height) were taken with digital vernier caliper. Results: It was observed that males’ shows more mean linear crown diameter as compared to females. Also, the mesiodistal and buccolingual measurement shows statistically significant difference for all canines, being higher for males than females. Conclusion: The present study has expressed sexual dimorphism of permanent canine using Student’s test and indicate that linear dimension of maxillary canine can be used for sexual diamorphism with accuracy along with other accepted procedure for sex determination. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v2i1.11392 Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol. 2 (1): 23-27
Selective Laser Melting – Additive Manufacturing's “New Kid on the Block”; TMF Failure of a Y-shaped Pipe in a Burner Test Rig
Authors: Neidel A. , Fischer B. , Cagliyan E. , Ullrich Th. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A particular heavy-duty gas turbine burner, used in a burner rig test, featured a Y-shaped fuel gas feed pipe. The Y-pipe was made by non-conventional production, in an attempt to test the component and its specialty manufacturing process in an environment that simulates service conditions without causing collateral damage to other engine components in case of failure. The Y-pipe was produced by additive manufacturing (AM), using a process that is known as selective laser melting (SLM). This process is well suited for complex parts due to its advantageous geometrical freedom. It is known to have been used for intricate piping systems before. However, the Y-shaped pipe failed by thermal-mechanical fatigue cracking (TMF).
The 1500 m South Pole ice core: recovering a 40 ka environmental record
Authors: Casey K.A. , Fudge T.J. , Neumann T.A. , Steig E.J. , Cavitte M.G.P. , Blankenship D.D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSupported by the US National Science Foundation, a new 1500 m, ∼40 ka old ice core will be recovered from South Pole during the 2014/15 and 2015/16 austral summer seasons using the new US intermediate-depth drill. The combination of low temperatures, relatively high accumulation rates and low impurity concentrations at South Pole will yield detailed records of ice chemistry and trace atmospheric gases. The South Pole ice core will provide a climate history record of a unique area of the East Antarctic plateau that is partly influenced by weather systems that cross the West Antarctic ice sheet. The ice at South Pole flows at ∼ 10ma−1 and the South Pole ice-core site is a significant distance from an ice divide. Therefore, ice recovered at depth originated progressively farther upstream of the coring site. New ground-penetrating radar collected over the drill site location shows no anthropogenic influence over the past ∼50 years or upper 15 m. Depth–age scale modeling results show consistent and plausible annual-layer thicknesses and accumulation rate histories, indicating that no significant stratigraphic disturbances exist in the upper 1500 m near the ice-core drill site.
Les compagnies « low cost » face au ralentissement économique mondial. La robustesse du modèle économique et des choix de desserte à l'épreuve. (« Low-Cost Airlines » and the global economic slowdown. Testing the strength of an economic model and the route choices.)
Authors: Zembri Pierre 
Published: November 2014

After a decade of uninterrupted growth in markets they largely contributed to create, low-cost airlines are, as their established competitors, confronted to a serious economic crisis which was preceded by a petroleum crisis. It is therefore interesting to examine the effects of these crises on their financial results as well as on their network development strategy, by comparing their fate to traditional airlines which have globally suffered even more.
We must recognize that the heterogeneity of the « low-cost » airline sector and of its strategic choices has some bearing on the effects of the crisis : airlines that have been able to grow rapidly from the start and stabilize on a healthy economic model (Easyjet and Ryanair come to mind) have only marginally slowed down, continuing to open a large number of routes and focus airports. Smaller or more recent companies have met more contrasted fates, some have disappeared (Sterling or Sky Europe), others have merged or linked with traditional airlines. Overall, airlines operating on the North American market, of any type, had poorer results than their European counterparts.
L'injonction au bien-être dans les programmes de prévention du vieillissement
Authors: Collinet Cécile , Delalandre Matthieu 
Published: November 2014

En s’appuyant sur un corpus hétérogène composé de textes scientifiques et de divers rapports et textes de cadrage des politiques nationales et internationales, cet article retrace dans un premier temps les conditions d’émergence de la notion de bien-être dans les politiques de prévention du vieillissement dans la seconde moitié du xx e siècle. Le bien-être personnel y devient un objectif, et la capacité à rester actif est présentée comme la condition de ce bien-être. Pourtant, sous couvert d’une volonté de « capacitation », particulièrement saillante dans les politiques de prévention, se dessine un modèle quelque peu culpabilisateur puisqu’il repose sur une injonction forte qui impose aux individus âgés de rester actifs. Dans un second temps, nous mettons au jour certaines tensions émergeant dans cette conception du « vieillissement actif ». Tout d’abord, sommés de rester actifs, les personnes âgées ont la charge de contribuer au bien-être économique de la collectivité. Ensuite, cette injonction tend à imposer une norme du bien-être identique pour tous. Enfin, la volonté de mesure et d’objectivation du bien-être, que ce soit au niveau politique ou scientifique, tend à occulter la subjectivité des individus. Aussi sous couvert d’amélioration de la prise en compte de l’individu vieillissant dans sa totalité et d’amélioration globale de sa santé, la notion de bien-être impose des normes et des pratiques et contribue à occulter les différences individuelles et sociales.
Maternité et toxicomanie : le suivi psychothérapeutique lors d'une hospitalisation conjointe mère-enfant
Authors: Rouveau Frédérique , Pommier François 
Published: November 2014

La maternité et l’hospitalisation conjointe mère-enfant constituent des facteurs favorables à l’engagement dans un suivi psychothérapeutique. Qu’en est-il pour les femmes toxicomanes ? Au travers d’une approche théorique et clinique, le suivi psychothérapeutique de Fantine, jeune femme toxicomane dépendante au sulfate de morphine (Skénan), nous permet de présenter la spécificité du cadre de prise en charge à l’Hôpital mère-enfant de l’Est parisien. Ce cas clinique rend compte de la possibilité d’accueillir les mouvements issus des processus archaïques de la patiente, dans un espace où ils pourront être contenus, accompagnés, élaborés dans la relation transféro-contretransférentielle. L’enjeu de l’hospitalisation est d’appréhender les différentes voies régressives, liées à la construction de l’identité de mère pour la patiente. Ainsi, alors qu’une relation psychothérapeutique dans ce cadre s’enclenche bruyamment, un changement radical de la patiente s’opère aussi bien dans la relation à son enfant que dans l’abandon complet de sa consommation.
Une petite histoire de l'assujettissement au travail
Authors: Caillé Alain 
Published: November 2014

L’idéal des sociétés archaïques était d’échapper à la nécessité matérielle et à l’obligation de travailler. Cet idéal est resté celui des classes dominantes jusqu’à la Réforme et, dans son sillage, jusqu’à l’avènement de la société de marché. Dans ce nouveau cadre, le nôtre, absolument dérogatoire à l’ethos dominant de toutes les autres sociétés, perdre son temps, ne pas faire en permanence quelque chose d’« utile » est devenu une faute morale. Pour le meilleur ou pour le pire ?
À quoi sert un chef d'orchestre ?
Authors: Tabachnik Michel 
Published: November 2014

Résumé Juché sur un podium depuis le xix e siècle, ce personnage vedette de la scène musicale est l’un de ceux qui incarnent le mieux la fonction médiatrice. L’extrême visibilité qu’il doit à sa médiatisation occulte ce que son rôle a d’étrange. En quoi consiste au juste son travail ? Et pourquoi est-il indispensable ? Questions toutes pratiques que nous avons naïvement posées à un homme du métier, chef d’orchestre en activité qui, malgré l’épouvantable fait divers auquel son nom a été lié, ne cesse de réfléchir sur son art.
Le kamikaze, erreur de traduction
Authors: Nobutaka Miura 
Published: November 2014

Résumé « Kamikaze (kamikaz) n.m. (mot jap., vents divins). 1. En 1944-1945, pilote japonais volontaire pour écraser son avion chargé d’explosifs sur un objectif ; cet avion. 2. Par ext. Personne téméraire qui se sacrifie pour une cause. » (« Le Petit Larousse »). L’expéditive extension du nom aux attentats-suicides fait l’affaire du communicant. Pour savoir si elle est historiquement et culturellement fondée, nous avons demandé à un ami japonais d’éclaircir son sens original.
Religions : la bombe diasporique
Authors: Debray Régis 
Published: November 2014

Résumé Nous publions ici une intervention faite en 2009 au séminaire « Les religions dans la mondialisation » organisé par le CERI et le ministère des Affaires étrangères, sous la direction de Joseph Maila et Denis Lacorne. Elle nous semble pouvoir illustrer, à travers le champ religieux, notre problématique : l’étude des rapports entre innovation technique et tradition culturelle.
Chine : « les post-80 »
Authors: Hai Yu , Jiann-Yuh M. Wang 
Published: November 2014

Nous remercions l’auteur, la Fondation Ségalen et son directeur Wang Jiann-Yuh d’avoir bien voulu nous autoriser à reproduire cette intervention extraite du séminaire franco-chinois « Quelle morale pour quelle société ? » (Les Treilles, 2013).
Russophobie
Authors: Iline Hermann , Soriano Paul 
Published: November 2014

Russe, si proche et si lointain, est une énigme. « Nous avons à notre porte un pays qui nous est aussi étranger que l’Arabie saoudite », s’exclamait l’autre un jour un diplomate allemand ! La grande Catherine, née Sophie-Frédérique-Augusta d’Anhalt-Zerbst a dû s’étrangler de rage, ou de rire, dans son tombeau. Malveillance ? Ignorance ? Nous avons demandé son avis à un ami « exilé ».