bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations of Tradition: Re-creating Yi Families in the Pearl River Delta / 流变的传统：珠三角的彝人家支再造
Authors: Dongxu Liu 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The family is the most essential socialorganization form of traditional Yi people. With a huge number of Yi people flowing to the Pearl River delta for work, such families and their meetings have been emerging and developing in this region. A new kind of family system, based on the foreman model, represents the effect of the temporary labor market on Yi social relations. It also shows that Yi people are strengthening their social unity in response to unstable intra- or intergroup tensions by resisting the further marketization of labor forces. Therefore, the social connotation of Yi families and family meetings in the Pearl River delta has largely broken away from that in traditional Yi residential areas and is instead something new.
The Pore Size Distribution of Naturally Porous Cigarette Paper and its Relation to Permeability and Diffusion Capacity
Authors: Eitzinger Bernhard , Gleinser Maria , Bachmann Stefan 
Published: November 2015

Summary
The pore size distribution of cigarette paper determines its air permeability and diffusion capacity and thereby has a significant influence on the gas exchange of a cigarette through the cigarette paper during smoking and during smouldering. For the design of cigarettes and in particular of cigarette papers it is important to understand how the pore size distribution of the cigarette paper is affected by the paper composition and paper properties and how it influences air permeability and diffusion capacity.
It was the aim of this study to investigate how the composition of the cigarette paper such as filler content, fibre type and burn additive content qualitatively influenced the pore size distribution and how the pore size distribution and, in particular, which pore size range is correlated with air permeability and diffusion capacity, respectively. To this end eight naturally porous cigarette papers were selected which differed in air permeability, diffusion capacity, fibre type, filler content and burn additive content. The pore size distributions of these papers were measured by mercury porosimetry before and after the papers had been heated to 230 °C for 30 min. The pore size distributions were investigated for qualitative differences when air permeability, fibre type and filler content of the cigarette paper are modified. Furthermore by appropriate weighting of the pore size distributions optimal correlations between a weighted pore volume and air permeability or diffusion capacity were determined. The results show a good correlation with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9 for air permeability as well as for diffusion capacity. The results indicate that large pores are better correlated with changes in air permeability, while small pores are more strongly correlated with changes in diffusion capacity and support previous theoretical results obtained from flow and diffusion models. They also demonstrate the tight relationship between pore size distribution, air permeability and diffusion capacity, which makes the pore size distribution a tool to further optimize cigarette papers, for example, with respect to carbon monoxide yields in the smoke of a cigarette. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int 26 (2015) 312-319]
Evaluation of the Content of Free Amino Acids in Tobacco by a New Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique
Authors: Moldoveanu Serban C. , Zhu Jeff , Scott Wayne A. 
Published: November 2015

Summary
The present study describes a reliable technique for the analysis of free amino acids in tobacco leaf. The levels of amino acids in tobacco are important since they are related to both tobacco quality and the potential generation in cigarette smoke of toxicants having amino acid precursors. Other techniques used in the past for amino acid analysis have various shortcomings that were avoided in the present method. The new method uses HPLC separation and a tandem mass spectrometer for detection with no derivatization step as sample preparation. The separation has been obtained using ion pair HPLC on a reversed phase column that offers excellent chromatographic resolution. The MS/MS detection procedure offers very good sensitivity and positive identification of the analytes. The procedure was fully validated and can be used for the analysis of 24 amino acids. It was applied for the quantitation of amino acids from 16 types of tobacco including flue-cured and Burley, some domestic and some not grown in the USA, two types of Oriental tobacco, and from tobacco of a 3R4F Kentucky reference and a common commercial cigarette. It was shown that the analysis provides useful information regarding the amino acid level variation between tobacco types, between tobacco stalk positions, and between the growing locations of different tobaccos. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2015) 334-343]
Satellite thermal infrared anomalies associatedwith strong earthquakes in the Vrancea area ofRomania
Authors: Zoran Maria A. , Savastru Roxana S. , Savastru Dan M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Thermal anomalies which are known to be significantprecursors of strong earthquakes can be evidencedby spectral thermal infrared (TIR) bands recordedby sensors on board of NOAA-AVHRR and Terra/Aqua-MODIS satellite. In order to locate relevant thermal anomalousvariations prior to some strong even moderate earthquakesrecorded in Vrancea tectonic active zone in Romania,satellite derived geophysical parameters have beenused: land surface temperature (LST), outgoing long-waveradiation (OLR) and mean air temperature (AT). Spatiotemporalvariations of LST, OLR, and AT before and afterthree strong earthquakes in Vrancea area (Mw = 7.4, 4March 1977; Mw = 7.1, 30 August 1986; Mw = 6.9, 30 May1990) and a moderate earthquake (Mw = 5.9, 27 October2004) have been analyzed. Anomalous spatio-temporalpatterns of these parameters developed a few days up tofew weeks before the earthquakes disappeared after themain shocks. Significant increases in land surface temperature,outgoing long-wave radiation, and mean air temperaturecan be assigned to energy exchange mechanismduring earthquake preparatory events. Such preseismicanomalies can be considered to be associated with thethermodynamic, degassing and ionization geochemicalprocesses which seem to be activated due to the increasedstress in the ground, and microfracturing of the rocks especiallyalong area’s active faults.
Organic-inorganic interactions in the system ofpyrrole-hematite-water at elevated temperaturesand pressures
Authors: Ding Kangle 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The distribution and abundance of pyrrolic compoundsin sediments and crude oils are most likely influencedby inorganic sedimentary components. In thispaper, thermal simulation experiments on the systempyrrole-hematite-water were carried out at elevated temperaturesand pressures in order to investigate the effectof organic-inorganic interactions on the preservationof pyrrolic compounds. Compositions of the reactionproducts were analyzed with GC-MS and GC-FIDmethods. In the closed system pyrrole-hematite-water, thenitrogen-oxygen exchange obviously occurred at temperaturesabove 350ºC in accordance with the thermochemicalcalculation. Large amounts of furan and ammonia weregenerated after simulation experiments, indicating thatthe conversion of pyrrole into furan was the dominant reaction.Thermochemical exchange effect between organicnitrogen and inorganic oxygen was obviously facilitatedby elevated temperatures and found to be catalyzed byhematite, but inhibited by the increasing volume of water.Thermodynamically water spontaneously reacts with pyrroleabove 300ºC. The reaction of pyrrole-hematite-wateris an exothermic process in which the reaction heat positivelycorrelates with temperature. The heat released wasestimated as 9.0 KJ/(mol) pyrrole - 15.0 KJ/(mol) pyrrole intypical oil reservoirs (100ºC–150ºC) and 15.0–23.0 KJ/(mol)pyrrole in typical gas reservoirs (150ºC–200ºC). The calculatedactivation energy of the nitrogen-oxygen atom exchangeis about 129.59 kJ/mol. According to the experimentalresults, a small amount of water may effectivelyinitiate the nitrogen-oxygen exchange. The study wouldimprove our evaluating of the preservation and fate ofpyrrolic compounds in deeply buried geologic settings andfurther understanding of thermochemical processes behindthe degradation of petroleum.
Divine Ecozoics and Whitehead’s Adventure or Resurrection Metaphysics
Authors: Nobuhara Tokiyuki 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMy proposal of an Ecozoics of the Deity seeks to find the ground of ecology of the world in the fact that God is loyal to the place / Eco of emptiness as it empties itself, thereby paradoxically manifesting God as the only one in the universe who can and does actually evoke loyalty / life (Gr., Zoe) in us creatures. Thus, it endeavors to give a theological rationale to Thomas Berry’s idea of the Ecozoic Era. The proposal of Divine Ecozoics challenges Sallie McFague’s idea of the world as “God’s body” by advocating that God has God’s own secret indwelling place before entertaining the world as God’s visible body. The present essay, however, is endowed with the Johannine-Whiteheadian idea of the Great Friend with which to critically qualify my general argument for Divine Ecozoics. The vision of the Great Friend transmutes the general view of the reality into its unity of appearance, or the co-resurrection of the Son and of us creatures.
A Differential Item Functional Analysis by Age of Perceived Interpersonal Discrimination in a Multi-racial/ethnic Sample of Adults
Authors: Owens Sherry , Kristjansson Alfgeir , Hunte Haslyn E.R. 
Published: November 2015

<p> We investigated whether individual items on the nine item William’s Perceived Every­day Discrimination Scale (EDS) functioned differently by age (&lt;45 vs ≥45) within five racial groups in the United States: Asians (<em>n</em>=2,017); Hispanics (n=2,688); Black Caribbeans (<em>n</em>=1,377); African Americans (<em>n</em>=3,434); and Whites (<em>n</em>=854). We used data from the 2001-2003 National Survey of American Lives and the 2001- 2003 National Latino and Asian Studies. Multiple-indicator, multiple-cause models (MIMIC) were used to examine differential item functioning (DIF) on the EDS by age within each racial/ethnic group. Overall, Asian and Hispanic respondents reported less discrimination than Whites; on the other hand, African Americans and Black Caribbeans reported more discrimination than Whites. Regardless of race/ethnicity, the younger respondents (aged &lt;45 years) reported less discrimination than the older respondents (aged ≥45 years). In terms of age by race/ethnicity, the results were mixed for 19 out of 45 tests of DIF (40%). No differences in item function were observed among Black Caribbeans. “Being called names or insulted” and others acting as “if they are afraid” of the respondents were the only two items that did not exhibit dif­ferential item functioning by age across all racial/ethnic groups. Overall, our findings suggest that the EDS scale should be used with caution in multi-age multi-racial/ethnic samples. <em>Ethn Dis</em>.2015;25(4):479-486; doi:10.18865/ed.25.4.479</p>
Policies and Health Inequalities: State of the Field and Future Directions
Authors: Quesnel-Vallée Amélie 
Published: November 2015

In contrast to inequalities in health that stem from biological differences brought about by age or genetics, social inequalities in health are mutable and avoidable as they are affected by public policies. In recognition of the importance of these social influences on population health and inequalities, the World Health Organization adopted, in 2012, resolution WHA62.14 endorsing the Rio Political Declaration on Social Determinants of Health. With this resolution, member states recognize the existence of social determinants of health (SDH) and pledge to implement actions outlined in the Rio declaration, including to “monitor progress and increase accountability to inform policies on SDH.” From 7 to 9 May 2014, the Quebec Inter-University Centre for Social Statistics held an international conference in Montreal. “Social Policy and Health Inequalities: An International Perspective” had as its primary objective showcasing leading-edge international research on the impact of social policies and programs on health inequalities in high-income countries. More specifically, the conference aimed to encourage international exchanges in order to demonstrate the range of research practices and outputs as well as to stimulate debate among the key stakeholders in this research process: organizations that produce statistics, researchers, and knowledge users.
High Aneuploidy Rates Observed in Embryos Derived from Donated Oocytes are Related to Male Aging and High Percentages of Sperm DNA Fragmentation
Authors: García-Ferreyra Javier , Luna Daniel , Villegas Lucy , Romero Rocío , Zavala Patricia , Hilario Roly , Dueñas-Chacón Julio 
Published: November 2015

Capsule Male aging effects on aneuploidy rates in embryos. Objective Paternal age is associated with decreasing sperm quality; however, it is unknown if it influences chromosomal abnormalities in embryos. The objective of this study is to evaluate if the aneuploidy rates in embryos are affected by advanced paternal age. Methods A total of 286 embryos, obtained from 32 in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles with donated oocytes in conjunction with preimplantation genetic diagnosis, were allocated according to paternal age in three groups: Group A: ≤39 years (n = 44 embryos); Group B: 40-49 years (n = 154 embryos); and Group C: ≥50 years (n = 88 embryos). Fertilization rates, embryo quality at day 3, blastocyst development, and aneuploidy embryo rates were then compared. Results There was no difference in the seminal parameters (volume, concentration, and motility) in the studied groups. Fertilization rate, percentages of zygotes underwent cleavage, and good quality embryos on day 3 were similar between the three evaluated groups. The group of men ≥50 years had significantly more sperm with damaged DNA, low blastocyst development rate, and higher aneuploidy rates in embryos compared to the other two evaluated groups ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that advanced paternal age increases the aneuploidy rates in embryos from donated oocytes, which suggests that genetic screening is necessary in those egg donor cycles with sperm from patients >50 years old.
A Posteriori Error Estimates of a Weakly Over-Penalized Symmetric Interior Penalty Method for Elliptic Eigenvalue Problems
Authors: Zeng Yuping , Chen Jinru , Wang Feng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA weakly over-penalized symmetric interior penalty method is applied to solve elliptic eigenvalue problems. We derive a posteriori error estimator of residual type, which proves to be both reliable and efficient in the energy norm. Some numerical tests are provided to confirm our theoretical analysis.
An Inverse Diffraction Problem: Shape Reconstruction
Authors: Kong Yanfeng , Li Zhenping , Xiong Xiangtuan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn inverse diffraction problem is considered. Both classical Tikhonov regularisation and a slow-evolution-from-the-continuation-boundary (SECB) method are used to solve the ill-posed problem. Regularisation error estimates for the two methods are compared, and the SECB method is seen to be an improvement on the classical Tikhonov method. Two numerical examples demonstrate their feasibility and efficiency.
Which Type of Antismoking Advertisement Is Perceived as More Effective? An Experimental Study With a Sample of Australian Socially Disadvantaged Welfare Recipients
Authors: Guillaumier Ashleigh , Bonevski Billie , Paul Chris , d’Este Catherine , Durkin Sarah , Doran Christopher 
Published: November 2015

Purpose. Evaluate the perceived effectiveness of key antismoking messages among highly disadvantaged smokers and assess the impact of nicotine dependence and cessation cognitions on message processing. Design. The experimental crossover trial, undertaken between March and December 2012, randomly exposed participants to two of three antismoking advertisements delivered via touchscreen computer. Setting. Welfare recipients were recruited from a community service organization in New South Wales, Australia. Subjects. Subjects were 354 smokers (79% response rate). Participants resided in government rental housing (52%), earned less than AUD$400/wk (72%), and received their primary income from government welfare (95%). Intervention. Three 30-second antismoking television advertisements representing common campaign themes: why to quit (graphic imagery), why to quit (personal testimonial), or how to quit. Measures. An 11-item scale assessed perceived effectiveness and message acceptance. An eight-item cessation cognitions index assessed motivations and readiness to quit, and the heaviness of smoking index was used to classify nicotine dependence. Analysis. Descriptive statistics, generalized linear mixed models, and multiple linear regression analyses are reported. Results. Why-to-quit advertisements were perceived as significantly more effective than the how-to-quit advertisement (all p < .0001). Smokers with positive cessation cognitions were more likely to accept antismoking messages (p = .0003) and perceive them as effective (p < .0001). Nicotine dependence level did not influence message acceptance (p = .7322) or effectiveness (p = .8872). Conclusion. Highly emotive advertisements providing good reasons to quit may be the most effective in promoting the antismoking message among groups with high smoking rates.
Perinatal Illicit Drug and Marijuana Use
Authors: Chang Judy C. , Holland Cynthia L. , Tarr Jill A. , Rubio Doris , Rodriguez Keri L. , Kraemer Kevin L. , Day Nancy , Arnold Robert M. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose. To assess use, screening, and disclosure of perinatal marijuana and other illicit drugs during first obstetric visits. Design. Observational study that qualitatively assesses provider screening and patient disclosure of substance use. Setting. Study sites were five urban outpatient prenatal clinics and practices located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Participants. Pregnant patients and obstetric providers were recruited as participants. Methods. We audio recorded patient-provider conversations during first obstetric visits and obtained patient urine samples for drug analyses. Audio recordings were reviewed for provider screening and patient disclosure of illicit drug use. Urine analyses were compared with audio recordings to determine disclosure. Results. Four hundred and twenty-two pregnant patients provided complete audio recordings and urine samples for analyses. Providers asked about illicit drug use in 81% of the visits. One hundred twenty-three patients (29%) disclosed any current or past illicit drug use; 48 patients (11%) disclosed current use of marijuana while pregnant. One hundred and forty-five samples (34%) tested positive for one or more substances; marijuana was most commonly detected (N = 114, 27%). Of patients who tested positive for any substance, 66 (46%) did not disclose any use; only 36% of patients who tested positive for marijuana disclosed current use. Conclusion. Although marijuana is illegal in Pennsylvania, a high proportion of pregnant patients used marijuana, with many not disclosing use to their obstetric care providers.
Does an Electronic Health Record Improve Completeness of Prenatal Studies?
Authors: Lewkowitz A.K. , Test E. , Zlatnik M.G. , McLean T.A. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryObjective: To determine whether implementation of an electronic health record (EHR) would increase the rate of prenatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and purified protein derivative (PPD) testing.Methods: Eligible participants received prenatal care and delivered at term at a single academic institution in March-April 2011, March-April 2012, and March-April 2013. As part of routine prenatal care, all women were tested for HIV and tuberculosis (via a PPD test) during each pregnancy. The 2011 cohort was charted on paper. The 2012 and 2013 cohorts were charted via EHR. To appear in the prenatal labs display in EHR, PPD results must be manually documented, while HIV results are uploaded automatically. Documentation of PPD and HIV tests were analyzed.Results: The 2011, 2012, and 2013 cohorts had 249, 208, and 190 patients, respectively. Complete PPD and HIV results were less likely to be charted in the 2012 EHR cohort compared to the paper chart cohort (72.1% vs. 80.1%; p=0.03). This was driven by fewer documented completed PPD tests (2011 83.9% vs. 2012 72.6%; p=0.003). PPD test documentation improved non-significantly to 86.2% in the 2013 EHR cohort (p=0.5). HIV documentation rates increased from 95.2% in the paper chart cohort to 98.6% in the 2012 EHR cohort (p=0.04), and to 98.9% in the 2013 EHR cohort (p=0.03).Conclusions: EHR implementation corresponded with a marked decrease in documentation of PPD test completion. HIV documentation rates improved. PPD results were likely charted incorrectly in provider notes due to training deficiencies and lack of standardization, which did not improve significantly after retraining.
Regeneración de la playa de Pinedo (Valencia)
Authors: Canalejo Marcos Pedro , Peña Carlos 
Published: November 2015

<p>La zona de costa situada inmediatamente al sur de la desembocadura del Turia, ofrece en la actualidad un aspecto altamente degradado, presentando una fuerte erosión en un tramo de unos 2 kms. el cual se encuentra protegido por diversas obras de rigidización. Los problemas de erosión litoral, están unidos a una ordenación del suelo caótica con edificaciones y servicios de muy baja calidad (Figuras. 1, 2, 3 y 4), por lo que la idea de redactar un proyecto para abordar la problemática se referiría a ambos aspectos: Regeneración de la costa y ordenación del territorio.</p>
Morfología y estabilidad de las secuencias en escalones (step pool) en los torrentes alpinos de elevada pendiente
Authors: Aristide Lenzi Mario 
Published: November 2015

<p>Abrahams y otros (1995) han demostrado que la morfología de tramos de cauce en escalones se aproxima a una condición de maximización de la resistencia al flujo y de elevada estabilidad. Para verificar esta teoría ha sido realizado un levantamiento de campo en 5 torrentes con estructuras escalón-remanso, obteniéndose una muestra de 49 secuencias a las cuales corresponden más de 250 escalones. Los resultados muestran que la validez de la inecuación de máxima resistencia : S&lt;(H/Ls)&lt;2S, es sólo parcial. La mencionada teoría se ajusta a los torrentes caracterizados por una alimentación de material sólido limitada y en donde no se ha producido -al menos en los últimos 15-20 años- una crecida excepcional. En los torrentes afectados recientemente por crecidas con Tr&gt; 30-50 años la relación entre (H/Ls) y S puede ser menor de uno, alejándose de la condición de máxima resistencia. En una de las 5 cuencas estudiadas (Rio Cordon) funciona, desde el año 1986, una estación experimental para la medición continua de los caudales líquidos y sólidos. En este torrente ha sido analizada la analogía entre la longitud de onda de las antidunas y la distancia entre los escalones, y evaluada la transformación que han experimentado las secuencias después del pasaje de una crecida con Tr&gt; 30-50 años. El mecanismo evolutivo predominante es el de la migración aguas abajo de las estructuras y la modificación de los escalones se produce por socavación y desestabilización de la base de apoyo.</p>