bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Queenpins: an exploratory study of female participation in high-level drug distribution networks
Authors: Gillespie Lauren Jane , Jones Sarah , Kelly Craig , Lynes Adam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite increasing recognition within mainstream media, criminology is yet to offer a substantive analysis of female participation within the upper echelons of organised crime. As such, this exploratory paper aims to offer an insight into the key themes identifiable within the context of high level, female, drug suppliers. Identifying thirty-six case studies, this exploratory paper combines descriptive statistics and a Fisher’s Exact test with Cramer’s V to demonstrate the prevalence and overall trends. Overall, the study demonstrated that women, dubbed Queenpins, are most likely to participate at high levels within Latin American cartels and the Camorra. Unlike their counterparts operating within the lower rungs of drug markets, these women are able to invert the highly patriarchal narcocultures they exist within. They operated in a narco-feminist role that supported the men in their lives and offered aroute to resist their machismo-oriented habitus.
The direct effect of basic need services, and social support on positive mental health among institutionalized children: the mediating role of psychological capital
Authors: Melese Adane K. , Pedro Athena , Somhlaba Nceba Z. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrevious research in Ethiopia mainly contemplated studying children’s mental distress and the negative effects of orphanages. However, there is a dearth of documented evidence on how positive psychological resources, social support, basic needs services, and mental health impact the well-being of children in childcare institutions and how care centers can benefit vulnerable children. This study aimed to investigate the direct impact of perceived social support (PSS), basic need services (BNS), and Psychological Capital (PsyCap) on the mental health of children in childcare settings. Additionally, the study sought to explore the mediating role of PsyCap between PSS, BNS, and children’s positive mental health (PMH). A total of 420 institutionalized Ethiopian children, comprising 187 females and 233 males, were selected by using a stratified multistage random sampling approach. Validated and standardized measures of psychological well-being (PWB), PsyCap, BNS, and PSS were employed to collect data from the study participants. The findings from the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that BNS and PsyCap directly and significantly predicted the PMH of children. Moreover, both BNS and PSS exhibited a positive and significant effect on the higher-order PsyCap construct. Although PSS did not directly influence positive mental health, it indirectly predicted mental health outcomes through the presence of PsyCap. Furthermore, PsyCap played a mediating role between BNS and positive mental health outcomes. It is recommended that future research replicate and expand upon the current study’s findings to gain insights into the positive mental health of institutionalized children.
Die (geringe) Beteiligung am Berliner Klimaentscheid 2023: Empirische Erklärungsversuche
Authors: Thomeczek J. Philipp 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Berliner Klima-Entscheid ist gescheitert. Obwohl eine Mehrheit der Abstimmenden (50,9 %) die Vorlage annahm, konnte der Entscheid das Zustimmungsquorum von 25 % nicht überwinden. Nur 35,7 % der Abstimmungsberechtigten hatten sich beteiligt, umgerechnet stimmten damit nur 18,2 % der Abstimmungsberechtigten zu. Doch wie ist die niedrige Beteiligung erklärbar? Zur Annäherung an diese Frage analysiert der folgende Beitrag eine Nachbefragung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass vor allem Faktoren, die dem Rational-Choice Ansatz zugeordnet sind, zur Erklärung der individuellen Entscheidung, sich an der Abstimmung zu beteiligen, beitragen können. Positiv beeinflusst wurde die individuelle Beteiligungswahrscheinlichkeit durch einen hohen instrumentellen (hohe Wichtigkeit des Themas) und expressiven Nutzen (internalisierte Wahlnorm). Diejenigen, die die Umsetzbarkeit Berliner Entscheide anzweifeln und nicht an der vorangegangenen Abgeordnetenhauswahl teilgenommen hatten, haben sich hingegen in geringerem Maße an der Abstimmung beteiligt. Der Beitrag knüpft an die empirische Forschung zu Abstimmungen in Deutschland an, die immer noch schwach ausgeprägt ist.
Shift-Reduce Task-Oriented Semantic Parsing with Stack-Transformers
Authors: Fernández-González Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntelligent voice assistants, such as Apple Siri and Amazon Alexa, are widely used nowadays. These task-oriented dialogue systems require a semantic parsing module in order to process user utterances and understand the action to be performed. This semantic parsing component was initially implemented by rule-based or statistical slot-filling approaches for processing simple queries; however, the appearance of more complex utterances demanded the application of shift-reduce parsers or sequence-to-sequence models. Although shift-reduce approaches were initially considered the most promising option, the emergence of sequence-to-sequence neural systems has propelled them to the forefront as the highest-performing method for this particular task. In this article, we advance the research on shift-reduce semantic parsing for task-oriented dialogue. We implement novel shift-reduce parsers that rely on Stack-Transformers. This framework allows to adequately model transition systems on the transformer neural architecture, notably boosting shift-reduce parsing performance. Furthermore, our approach goes beyond the conventional top-down algorithm: we incorporate alternative bottom-up and in-order transition systems derived from constituency parsing into the realm of task-oriented parsing. We extensively test our approach on multiple domains from the Facebook TOP benchmark, improving over existing shift-reduce parsers and state-of-the-art sequence-to-sequence models in both high-resource and low-resource settings. We also empirically prove that the in-order algorithm substantially outperforms the commonly used top-down strategy. Through the creation of innovative transition systems and harnessing the capabilities of a robust neural architecture, our study showcases the superiority of shift-reduce parsers over leading sequence-to-sequence methods on the main benchmark.
Geomorphological characteristics of Gandak river between Sahibganj and confluence with Ganga river during 1989–2022
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Hanmaiahgari Prashanth Reddy , Chowdary V. M. , Pu Jaan H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Gandak River originates in Nepal and merges with the Ganga River in India. The Gandak River is experiencing significant geomorphological alterations due to climate change and anthropogenic causes. In this study, an attempt has done to examine river bank erosion & accretion, shifting of the river bank, sinuosity, and braiding index of the Gandak River between Sahibganj and the confluence with the Ganga River, covering a length of 92.4 km from 1989 to 2022 (33 years) using remote sensing and geospatial technologies. The delineation of the river bank line for different periods, along with the quantification of erosion and accretion of the river’s right and left banks, were analysed using GIS, including the sinuosity and braiding patterns. The overall sinuosity value ranged from 1.16 to 1.01 and did not follow any specific pattern in significant reaches. The sinuosity value was almost constant over the most d/s reach of 30.74 km. The braiding index of the River was found to be the maximum between Ismailpur and Baijalpur and the minimum value between Munja and Chakia in 2015 and 1995 respectively. This study revealed that the river is shifting to the right, and bank protection measures were needed. Finally, the proposed investigation revealed the braiding phenomenon, river shifting in the transverse direction, and shifting of the meander bend was primarily responsible for the erosion and accretion of the river banks. This study will benefit local government agencies, concerned authorities, and people residing along the banks of the Gandak River by providing insights into the river’s migration patterns. Further, this knowledge aids in better planning of riverbank protection measures and developing a navigation system.
Delta-8 Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposures Reported to US Poison Centers: Variations Among US States and Regions and Associations with Public Policy
Authors: Smith Gary A. , Burgess Alice , Badeti Jaahnavi , Rine Natalie I. , Gaw Christopher E. , Middelberg Leah K. , Spiller Henry A. , Hays Hannah L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
This study investigated exposures involving ∆8-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆8-THC) reported to US poison centers (PCs), including variation among states and regions. It evaluated whether the ∆8-THC exposure rate was lower among states with ∆8-THC regulations and states where cannabis (∆9-THC) use was legal.

Methods
National Poison Data System data for ∆8-THC exposures in 2021–2022 were analyzed, including comparisons of state and regional population-based exposure rates.

Results
There were 4,925 exposures involving ∆8-THC as the primary substance reported to US PCs from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022, with 69.8% of these reported in the US South. The rate of exposure per 100,000 US population increased by 79.2% from 0.53 in 2021 to 0.95 in 2022. In 2022, the mean rate of ∆8-THC exposures in states where cannabis use was illegal was 1.64 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 1.08–2.20) compared with 0.52 (95% CI: 0.29–0.76) in states where cannabis use was legal (P = 0.0010). In 2022, the mean rate of ∆8-THC exposures in states where ∆8-THC was unregulated was 1.36 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 0.95–1.77) compared with 0.17 (95% CI: 0.06–0.27) in states where ∆8-THC was banned (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The rate of ∆8-THC exposures reported to US PCs increased by 79% from 2021 to 2022, with the US South accounting for more than two-thirds of exposures. The rate of ∆8-THC exposures reported to PCs was significantly lower among states where ∆8-THC was banned and among states where cannabis use was legal. Consistent regulation of ∆8-THC across all states should be adopted.
Structural balance in real-world social networks: incorporating direction and transitivity in measuring partial balance
Authors: Rezapour Rezvaneh , Dinh Ly , Jiang Lan , Diesner Jana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Structural balance theory predicts that triads in networks gravitate towards stable configurations. This theory has been verified for undirected graphs. Since real-world networks are often directed, we introduce a novel method for considering both transitivity and sign consistency for evaluating partial balance in signed digraphs. We test our approach on graphs constructed by using different methods for identifying edge signs: natural language processing to infer signs from underlying text data, and self-reported survey data. Our results show that for various social contexts and edge sign detection methods, partial balance of these digraphs is moderately high, ranging from 61 to 96%. Our approach not only enhances the theoretical framework of structural balance but also provides practical insights into the stability of social networks, enabling a deeper understanding of interpersonal and group dynamics across different communication platforms.
Risk Assessment of Multi-Hazards in Hangzhou: A Socioeconomic and Risk Mapping Approach Using the CatBoost-SHAP Model
Authors: Yu Bofan , Yan Jiaxing , Li Yunan , Xing Huaixue 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs the global push for sustainable urban development progresses, this study, set against the backdrop of Hangzhou City, one of China’s megacities, addressed the conflict between urban expansion and the occurrence of urban geological hazards. Focusing on the predominant geological hazards troubling Hangzhou—urban road collapse, land subsidence, and karst collapse—we introduced a Categorical Boosting-SHapley Additive exPlanations (CatBoost-SHAP) model. This model not only demonstrates strong performance in predicting the selected typical urban hazards, with area under the curve (AUC) values reaching 0.92, 0.92, and 0.94, respectively, but also, through the incorporation of the explainable model SHAP, visually presents the prediction process, the interrelations between evaluation factors, and the weight of each factor. Additionally, the study undertook a multi-hazard evaluation, producing a susceptibility zoning map for multiple hazards, while performing tailored analysis by integrating economic and population density factors of Hangzhou. This research enables urban decision makers to transcend the “black box” limitations of machine learning, facilitating informed decision making through strategic resource allocation and scheduling based on economic and demographic factors of the study area. This approach holds the potential to offer valuable insights for the sustainable development of cities worldwide.
Patients with immune mediated inflammatory diseases are insufficiently protected against vaccine-preventable infections
Authors: van de Pol Natasja , van der Woude C. Janneke , Vis Marijn , van Doorn Martijn B.A. , Schrauwen Saskia L. , Cetinözman-Teunissen Fatos , West Rachel L. , de Vries Annemarie C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMIDs) using immunosuppressive therapy are at increased risk of infections, including vaccine-preventable infections. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether patients with IMIDs on systemic immunosuppressive therapy are vaccinated according to current guidelines.

Methods
A survey was sent out, between August 2022 and March 2023, to all patients with IMIDs that visited the departments of dermatology, rheumatology and gastroenterology at an academic and regional hospital in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Patient-reported vaccination status was compared to the Dutch guidelines on vaccinations in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.

Results
A total of 1,905/5,987 patients responded to the survey (response rate 32%). After exclusion of patients without systemic immunosuppressive medication, the study population comprised 1,390 patients, median age 56 years (IQR 42–66) and 41% male. Most patients (92%) had been vaccinated according to the Dutch National Immunization Program. Before starting immunosuppressive therapy, 2% of the patients who were still considered at risk according to the Dutch guideline were vaccinated for measles, and 4% for diphtheria/tetanus/polio (DT-IPV). Additionally, 62% of patients received an annual influenza vaccine, 16% received a five-yearly pneumococcal vaccine, and 91% were fully vaccinated against COVID-19.

Conclusion
Patients with IMIDs on immunosuppressive therapy are not vaccinated in accordance with the guidelines. Implementation strategies to improve the vaccination rates for patients with IMIDs should specifically focus on vaccinating against measles and diphtheria/tetanus/polio, and periodic vaccination against pneumococcal and influenza infections.
Stress hyperglycemia ratio and its influence on mortality in elderly patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective study
Authors: Miao Lei , Shen Xiaozhu , Du Zhiqiang , Liao Jingxian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant health issue among the elderly, with severe cases (SCAP) having high mortality rates. This study assesses the predictive significance of the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) in elderly SCAP patients and its impact on outcomes in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Methods and materials
This retrospective study included 406 SCAP patients aged 65 or older from the Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang (January 2020 to December 2023). Data collected included demographics, medical history, vital signs, and lab results. SHR was calculated from initial blood glucose and estimated average glucose (HbA1c). Statistical analyses, including Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis, evaluated SHR’s impact on mortality. Mediation models explored the effects of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and SHR.

Results
The 28-day mortality rate was 21.67%. Deceased patients had higher age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, procalcitonin, NLR, glucose, and SHR levels compared to survivors (P < 0.05). Both SHR and NLR significantly increased mortality risk, particularly in non-diabetic patients. Combining NLR and SHR improved ROC AUC to 0.898, with 89.80% sensitivity and 81.10% specificity. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed higher cumulative survival for SHR < 1.14, regardless of diabetes status (P < 0.05). NLR mediated 13.02% of the SHR-survival relationship, while SHR mediated 14.06% of the NLR-survival relationship.

Conclusion
Elevated SHR is a significant mortality risk factor in elderly SCAP patients, independent of diabetes status. Stringent glucose control and careful monitoring of SHR may improve outcomes in elderly patients with acute respiratory conditions.
High-precision laser monitoring system with enhanced non-uniform scanning for railway safety
Authors: Yang Yingying , Wang Cheng , Liu Xiaoqi , Liu Yu , Lu Weier , Zhu Zhonglin , Yan Hongye , Zhao Guotang , Lin Xuechun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The intrusion of obstacles onto railway tracks presents a significant threat to train safety, characterized by sudden and unpredictable occurrences. With China leading the world in high-speed rail mileage, ensuring railway security is paramount. The current laser monitoring technologies suffer from high false alarm rates and unreliable intrusion identification. This study addresses these issues by investigating high-resolution laser monitoring technology for railway obstacles, focusing on key parameters such as monitoring range and resolution. We propose an enhanced non-uniform laser scanning method, developing a laser monitoring system that reduces the obstacle false alarm rate to 2.00%, significantly lower than the 20% standard (TJ/GW135-2015). This rate is the best record for laser monitoring systems on China Railway. Our system operates seamlessly in all weather conditions, providing superior accuracy, resolution, and identification efficiency. It is the only 3D LiDAR system certified by the China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (Certificate No. [2023] 008). Over three years, our system has been deployed at numerous points along various lines managed by the China State Railway Group, accumulating a dataset of 300,000 observations. This extensive deployment has significantly enhanced railway safety. The development and implementation of our railway laser monitoring system represent a substantial advancement in railway safety technology. Its low false alarm rate (2.00%), high accuracy (20 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm), and robust performance in diverse conditions underscore its potential for widespread adoption, promising to enhance railway safety in China and internationally.
Virtual and In-Person Multiple Mini-interviews: A Comparison of Two Modalities in Regard to Bias
Authors: Grier David D. , Turner Laurah , Prichard Tracy J. , Oaks Andrea , Nolan David , Shomo Anisa S. , Dunlavy Dustin , Batisky Donald L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the characteristics between virtual multiple mini-interview (vMMI) and in-person interviews (ipMMI) in regard to difference in performance between applicant-reported gender identity and racial groups.

Methods
Retrospective multiple mini-interview (MMI) data from two vMMI interview cycles (2021 and 2022) consisting of 627 applicants and four ipMMI cycles (2017–2020) consisting of 2248 applicants. Comparisons were made between applicant subgroups including reported gender (male and female) and minority status (URiM and non-URiM). A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to examine the effects of gender, URiM status, and interview modality (in-person vs. virtual) on MMI scores.

Results
There were no overall significant differences between annual ipMMI and vMMI scores. A significant main effect of gender was observed, with females scoring higher than males overall. An interaction between gender and URiM status was also found. Although not statistically significant, when the MMI was virtual, URiM applicants on average scored higher than non-URiM applicants. In both the ipMMI and vMMI, URiM males tended to score lower than their non-URiM counterparts, though this difference was not statistically significant. URiM females tended to score higher than non-URiM females during the vMMI, and this difference was statistically significant.

Conclusions
The switch to vMMI shows that there are no overall significant differences between the in-person and virtual formats; however, the finding that female URiM’s better performance in the virtual setting is novel. The cause of this finding is unknown but most likely reflects the complex interaction between race and gender. This insight requires future study and builds on the evidence that the MMI is an admissions tool to mitigate bias.
Contemporary Trends in the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Dysphagia
Authors: Elluru Ravindhra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to present the most recent data on the causes, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric dysphagia. The diagnosis and management of swallowing disorders presents a formidable dilemma to diagnose and manage in the pediatric population. Swallowing disorders can occur subtly or with overt signs and symptoms, and can occur in the context of other comorbidities such as premature birth, respiratory insufficiency, craniofacial anomalies, and motor delays. Pediatric dysphagia poses a significant risk because it can lead to chronic malnutrition and irreversible lung disease.

Recent Findings
Recent findings advocate for the use of multidisciplinary teams, such as the Aerodigestive and Swallowing Clinic (ADSC) to treat children with dysphagia. Expeditious return to oral intake of food is necessary to prevent long term issues such as food aversion.

Summary
The summary of findings from the current literature suggests that the understanding of pediatric dysphagia and treatment is still in its infancy, and an algorithmic approach to diagnosis and treatment is necessary to allow the accumulation of objective outcomes data.
Expressions of gratitude in education: an analysis of the #ThankYourTeacher campaign
Authors: Allen Kelly-Ann , Grove Christine , May Fiona S. , Gamble Nicholas , Lai Rhoda , Saunders James M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTeachers play a significant societal role, yet many feel underappreciated, and commonly cite this as a reason for considering leaving the profession. This study investigated responses to the #ThankYourTeacher social media campaign, which was created to generate public expressions of gratitude towards teachers. Data were collected from Twitter, Instagram, a campaign website, and public events and thematically analysed. Orr’s (1992) Head, Heart, and Hands Model of Transformational Learning was used as a framework for understanding the qualities of teachers and their teaching that participants appreciated. Notably, more individuals expressed gratitude for teachers’ motivational and compassionate qualities (Heart) and their enthusiasm and leadership (Hands) than for their subject knowledge (Head). These findings underscore the importance of the teacher-student relationship and relational qualities over subject expertise. This study also highlights the potential for further research into the impacts of practicing gratitude towards teachers and increasing teachers’ sense of being valued and appreciated.