bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P‐35: Individual Differences in the Use of Binocular and Monocular Depth Cues in 3D‐Graphic Environments
Authors: Fujisaki Hirotaka , Yamashita Haruto , Kihara Ken , Ohtsuka Sakuichi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe found that 30 % of non‐stereoanomalous observers, aged 19 to 25 years old, did not use disparity in making depth judgments in 3D‐graphic environments. However, several questionnaires indicate that the use of disparity can be learned unconsciously, suggesting that poor stereopsis can be improved by appropriate training procedures.
P‐42: Skew‐less Point‐to‐Point Mini‐LVDS (SPPmL) Interface for Large‐Scale TFT‐LCD Applications
Authors: Huang Wen‐Chiang , Chung Chun‐Fan , Yang Chih‐Hsiang , Ho Yu‐Hsi , Chang Rong‐Yuan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper presents an intra‐panel interface that adopts a skew‐less point‐to‐point mini‐LVDS (SPPmL) using 240 Hz of driving technology. A differential data signal with an embedded code was applied between the timing controller (TCON) and column driver ICs (DICs) to synchronize the clock and data. The synchronization core circuit was based on a delay cell that eliminates clock and data skew problems. Power consumption was effectively reduced using a delay cell circuit lower than using a phase‐locked loop (PLL) and a delay‐locked loop (DLL) circuit. The proposed SPPmL interface was verified on a 65‐in. full HD (1920times1080) TFT‐LCD panel to achieve the high data transfer rate required for high‐resolution LCD models. The measured results show that the maximum data rate is higher than 2.0 Gb/s.
P‐48: Development of Driver IC with Novel Driving Method for the Electrowetting Display
Authors: Jung Ho‐Yong , Choi Uk‐Chol , Park Su‐Hyeong , Hwang Hyun‐Sik , Park Cheol‐Woo , You Bong‐Hyun , Choi Jeung‐Hie 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRecently, it has been reported that the electrowetting display (EWD) is an attractive technology for the reflective display. It is required to apply relatively high frequency and voltage for driving the electrowetting device(EWD) due to the characteristics of the EWD. Until now, it was impossible to optimize new algorithm for the EWD because a suitable driver IC for EWD was as yet undeveloped. In this paper, we developed driver IC with novel driving method to reduce the power consumption and temperature for EWD. We also estimated the effect of temperature for EWD driver IC according to driving conditions.
P‐138: Simulation‐Based Look‐Ahead Release Planning for Color Filter Fabs
Authors: Author) James C. Chen (Contact , Lee Szu‐Hsien , Chen Chien‐Yu , Anggono Nikita , Huang PoTsang B. , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Peng Tzu‐Wei , Huang Jung‐Tsai , Chu Chun‐Chia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study develops look‐ahead release planning on the basis of AutoMod simulation model validates with real data and experimentally investigates the impact of throughput. The significant factors of the experimental results show that look‐ahead approach is effective in reducing idle time and improving throughput.
P‐85: A Novel Transflective Display Using Blue Phase Liquid Crystal
Authors: Zhong En‐Wei , Ni Shui‐Bin , Jian‐Tan  , Yue‐Song  , Zhu Ji‐Liang , Lu Jian‐Gang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA In Plane Switching (IPS) mode single‐cell‐gap transflective display using blue‐phase liquid crystal (BPLC) is proposed. The novel structure makes use of the space above the electrodes of the IPS structure which contributes little to the total transmittance due to weak horizontal electric field as reflective region and the space between the electrodes as transmissive region. The shape of the electrodes is optimized to balance the phase retardation between the transmissive region and reflective region. This transflective structure exhibits relatively high optical efficiency and well matched driving voltage of both transmittance and reflectance curves.
P‐95: Novel Rubbing Cloth Providing an Alignment Layer with Low Pretilt Angle and Large Azimuthal Anchoring Energy
Authors: Ishihara Shoichi , Hoshino Yoshiaki , Horikawa Ryota , Maeda Takashi , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe studied the rubbing cloths with different pile length and cloth materials, and investigated their influences on the alignment property of the alignment layer. It has been found that rayon cloth which contains fine TiO2 particles provides an alignment layer with low pretilt angle and large azimuthal anchoring energy and is suitable for the rubbing process in the manufacturing of IPS or FFS mode LCDs.
P‐114: Transparent Conductive Network of Silver Nanowires as OLED Electrode
Authors: Pschenitzka Florian , Shen Yuxin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe fabricated bottom‐emitting small‐molecule devices with a transparent anode based on Cambrios' ClearOhm™ technology. This material is a silver nanowire suspension which forms a conductive network after being coated on the substrate.We present the device characteristics of OLED devices with different emitting area. Large‐area devices have show significantly better device performance.
P‐119: Improved Structure of Out‐Coupling Film to Reduce the Angular Dependence of Chromaticity
Authors: Inoue Hiroyasu , Fujita Megumi , Harai Ken'ichi , Abe Hana , Hori Toshihiko , Kashiwagi Motofumi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe have evaluated surface structures for out‐coupling film for applying to the top surface of OLED lighting devices to reduce the angular dependence of chromaticity. By the combination of optimized structure and scattering layer, improved optical properties were obtained while maintaining low rainbow colored surface reflections and scratch durability.
P‐25: Improvement of Coupling Efficiency of OLED by Using Centered‐Hollow Micro‐lens Array Film together with V‐Grooves
Authors: Jiang Jeng‐Ren , Lee Pei‐Yu , Chen Yi‐Jiun , Lee Jiun‐Haw , Chiu Tien‐Lung , Lin Hoang Yan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe coupling efficiency of OLED can be increased by centered‐hollow micro‐lens array films with pixel‐partition. While the number of pixel‐partition increases, the total internal reflection of adjacent centered‐hollow arrangement occurs. We provide an additional coupling path through triangle grooves on the substrate. The results show that the luminance efficiency enhancement at normal direction is improved from 63% to 116%.
P‐127: Transient Electroluminescence of Phosphorescent OLEDs with Mixed Host System
Authors: Kim Hee‐Kyung , Lee Chang‐Hee 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe transient EL profiles for a electrophosphorescent OLEDs with the solution‐processed and mixed‐host emissive layer featured prominent overshoot peaks depending on the host compositions. These overshoot peaks showed exceptionally high intensity ratio and duration time ratio over the steady‐state EL emission, reflecting the interfacial charge accumulation and the phosphorescent emission nature of devices. We propose that these intense overshoot phenomena can be utilized to increase the device efficiency and stability of OLEDs.
P‐128: Solution Processable Polymer OLED Lighting Panels with 25 lm/W Efficiency
Authors: Wilson Richard J. , Humphries Martin J. , Archer Robert A. , Mohamad David , Foxon Simon , Garcia Elena Hojas , King Simon , Kugler Thomas , Baker Colin , Conway Natasha , Burroughes Jeremy , Bidd Ilesh 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThrough understanding of the device and photo‐physics we have developed a fluorescent and phosphorescent hybrid materials set and device architecture for stable white Polymer OLED (P‐OLED) lighting devices yielding 25 lm/W efficiency. We show that this technology can be transferred to solution processed ITO‐free lighting panels realizing 32 lm/W efficiency with out‐coupling film.
P‐130: Digital Micro Hinge Button Projection Display Device
Authors: Mphepö Wallen , Tian Xu , Shu Wang Yi , Xin Wang , Hui Liang Yi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMini projectors, micro‐ projectors and pico projectors have all introduced new areas of applications that were unfathomable before. However their performances have yet to match or surpass conventional projectors. In this paper we hereby present a radical improvement in the form of an infinite primary colors button projector based on our Digital Micro Hinge [DMH] Display technology research.
P‐156L: Late‐News Poster: Get in Contact ‐ Interaction with Smart TVs from Anywhere in the Living Room
Authors: Koeppe R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this article, a new concept is presented that allows for a Smart TV, digital whiteboard or All‐In‐One‐PC interface that extends the reach of the users touch ability to ranges above 5 meters away from the screen. A frame of photodetectors based on isiQiri's Q‐Foil technology around the screen can detect light from line lasers installed in the corners or along the sides of the frame. Objects breaking these light fans create shadows on the detectors. Using the data from the detectors, the exact position of multiple objects touching the screen can be detected and traced. Additional to this multitouch input, the photosensor frame can detect light coming from a laser or LED pointer equipped with a crossline optic. When the crossline pattern from the pointer is projected on the screen, the crossing points between the light lines and the photodetector stripes and thus the exact direction in which the pointer is aimed at can be determined. In this way, a frame of thin photodetector stripes can be used to create multiuser input on a large flatscreen monitor both by touch and a pointer from a distance.
In vivo spatially localized high resolution 1H MRS via intermolecular single‐quantum coherence of rat brain at 7 T
Authors: Cui Xiaohong , Bao Jianfeng , Huang Yuqing , Cai Shuhui , Chen Zhong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To compare the conventional localized point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) with localized 2D intermolecular single‐quantum coherence (iSQC) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and obtain in vivo MRS spectrum of rat brain using the latter technique.Materials and Methods:A brain phantom, an intact pig brain tissue, and mature Sprague–Dawley rat were studied by PRESS, Nano magic‐angle spinning spectroscopy, and iSQC MRS.Results:Using PRESS, high‐resolution MRS can be obtained from the brain phantom and pig brain tissue with a small voxel in a relatively homogeneous field. When a large voxel is selected, the field homogeneity is distinctly reduced. No useful information is obtained from the PRESS spectra. However, using the iSQC MRS, high‐resolution spectra can be obtained from the two samples with a relatively large voxel. In the same way, an iSQC MRS spectrum can be obtained from a relatively large voxel of in vivo rat brain with a comparable resolution to the PRESS spectrum with a small voxel.Conclusion:Compared to PRESS, the iSQC MRS may be more feasible and promising for detection of strongly structured tissues with relatively large voxels. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:359–364. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solution‐processed and low‐temperature metal oxide n‐channel thin‐film transistors and low‐voltage complementary circuitry on large‐area flexible polyimide foil
Authors: Rockelé Maarten , Pham Duy‐Vu , Steiger Jürgen , Botnaras Silviu , Weber Dennis , Vanfleteren Jan , Sterken Tom , Cuypers Dieter , Steudel Soeren , Myny Kris , Schols Sarah , van der Putten Bas , Genoe Jan , Heremans Paul 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHigh‐performance solution‐based n‐type metal oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs), fabricated directly on polyimide foil at a post‐annealing temperature of only 250 °C, are realized and reported. Saturation mobilities exceeding 2 cm²/(Vs) and on‐to‐off current ratios up to 108 are achieved. The usage of these oxide n‐type TFTs as the pixel drive and select transistors in future flexible active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) displays is proposed. With these oxide n‐type TFTs, fast and low‐voltage n‐type only flexible circuitry is demonstrated. Furthermore, a complete 8‐bit radio‐frequency identification transponder chip on foil has been fabricated and measured, to prove that these oxide n‐type TFTs have reached already a high level of yield and reliability. The integration of the same solution‐based oxide n‐type TFTs with organic p‐type TFTs into hybrid complementary circuitry on polyimide foil is demonstrated. A comparison between both the n‐type only and complementary elementary circuitry shows the high potential of this hybrid complementary technology for future line‐drive circuitry embedded at the borders of flexible AMOLED displays.
GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY ERADICATION: APPLYING A GENDER AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Jones Nicola , Presler‐Marshall Elizabeth 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYRecently, there has been growing attention to the need to include girls (and boys) more prominently in poverty reduction and development agendas. How to do this effectively, however, remains an under‐researched subject, especially in debates around chronic poverty, that is, the experience of severe, multidimensional poverty for an extended period of time. Although the Chronic Poverty Research Centre has spotlighted the often overlooked social and nonincome dimensions of poverty traps, including social discrimination and limited citizenship, in general scholarship has paid relatively limited attention to the interplay between gender, poverty reduction and governance institutions. To address this lacuna, this article draws on recent research by the Chronic Poverty Research Centre and the Overseas Development Institute that highlights the key role context‐specific social institutions play in informing and determining the life opportunities and agency of girls and young women. To more effectively address the governance challenges involved in tackling such deprivations, the article discusses three key measures that can support the eradication of gendered experiences of poverty: the importance of involving local community leaders, working with men and boys to raise awareness about girls' and women's rights, and promoting collective action and voice among girls and young women. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GOVERNANCE IN THE INTERESTS OF THE MOST VULNERABLE
Authors: Howe Brendan M. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYWe expect those who govern to do so in the interests of the governed. From an international institutional perspective on governance, derived from major international donor frameworks (IMF, WB, EU), good governance refers to efficiency in the provision of services and economic competitiveness. Increasingly, good governance has also come to mean accountability in the provision of services and in the generation and distribution of the collective good. Although even then, there are concerns regarding the impact on the extreme poor, cultural relativity and path dependency, as aggregate measurements of success are used, top‐down exogenous values and primarily Western standards are imposed and political rights are prioritised over other, perhaps more immediate, entitlement rights. This article returns to a fundamental conceptualisation of governance, arguing that the ‘right’ approach to public administration is that which provides for the basic human needs of all to the greatest extent, but in particular, provides for those of the most vulnerable sections of society. Poverty is one of the greatest challenges to human security and basic human needs, in particular, as addressed in this article, when it is linked to insecurity due to the impact and legacy of conflict. Thus, the article examines conceptual and policy problems related to the provision of ‘safe havens’ for the vulnerable, regardless of their citizenship status. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of organoclays on the rheological and morphological properties of poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene)/poly(methyl methacrylate)/ clay nanocomposites
Authors: Nazari Tayebe , Garmabi Hamid 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUsing the rheological measurements, the effect of three types of organoclays on the morphology and nanoclay dispersion in the poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (ABS/PMMA) blends was investigated. For this purpose, polymers were melt blended with 2 and 4 wt% of organoclays in a twin‐screw extruder. Structural analysis of the blends and nanocomposites through the rheometery, theoretical approach, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the clay content and interaction level between clays and the polymers dominated the morphology. While the morphology of the blends varied by PMMA content, smaller PMMA domains were observed for blends containing clay particles. Better‐interacted and intercalated nanoclays were mainly located within the interface at lower content. While, at higher content, they tended to migrate into the dispersed phase. Theoretical calculations of interfacial tensions and wetting coefficients confirmed this kind of migration. POLYM. COMPOS., 33:1893–1902, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Influence of incorporation sequence of silica nanoparticles on morphology, crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, and thermal resistance of melt blended thermoplastic natural rubber
Authors: Jarnthong Methakarn , Nakason Charoen , Lopattananon Natinee , Peng Zheng 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThermoplastic natural rubber nanocomposites based on epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and polypropylene blends at a fixed blend ratio of 50/50 wt% reinforced with small amount (2.5 wt%) of nanosilica (SiO2) were prepared by melt‐mixing through three different incorporation sequences in an internal mixer. The effects of incorporation techniques on morphology, crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, dynamic, rheological characteristics, and thermal resistance of thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) nanocomposites were investigated. It was found that the dispersion of nanosilica in TPNRs was significantly dependent on the incorporation sequence. In the case where SiO2 was premixed in ENR before blending with polypropylene (PP), the final morphology showed the good dispersion of SiO2 in ENR phase, while the SiO2 particles were localized near the PP interface when SiO2 was premixed the in PP first. Whereas, when the three components were simultaneously mixed, the SiO2 particles were mainly dispersed in the PP phase. It was also found that the improvements of Young's modulus, tensile strength, damping behavior, and thermal stability of TPNR nanocomposites were more pronounced when the SiO2 particles localized in ENR phase. By contrast, the presence of SiO2 particles in PP domain either near the interface or inside the PP phase affected the reduction in crystallinity of PP phase and showed a negative effect on mechanical properties due to the poor interface interaction between PP and SiO2 particles. POLYM. COMPOS., 33:1911–1920, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Characteristics of large‐scale nanohole arrays for thin‐silicon photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Ting‐Gang , Yu Peichen , Chen Shih‐Wei , Chang Feng‐Yu , Huang Bo‐Yu , Cheng Yu‐Chih , Hsiao Jui‐Chung , Li Chi‐Kang , Wu Yuh‐Renn 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTNanostructured crystalline silicon is promising for thin‐silicon photovoltaic devices because of reduced material usage and wafer quality constraint. This paper presents the optical and photovoltaic characteristics of silicon nanohole (SiNH) arrays fabricated using polystyrene nanosphere lithography and reactive‐ion etching (RIE) techniques for large‐area processes. A post‐RIE damage removal etching is subsequently introduced to mitigate the surface recombination issues and also suppress the surface reflection due to modifications in the nanohole sidewall profile, resulting in a 19% increase in the power conversion efficiency. We show that the damage removal etching treatment can effectively recover the carrier lifetime and dark current–voltage characteristics of SiNH solar cells to resemble the planar counterpart without RIE damages. Furthermore, the reflectance spectra exhibit broadband and omnidirectional anti‐reflective properties, where an AM1.5 G spectrum‐weighted reflectance achieves 4.7% for SiNH arrays. Finally, a three‐dimensional optical modeling has also been established to investigate the dimension and wafer thickness dependence of light absorption. We conclude that the SiNH arrays reveal great potential for efficient light harvesting in thin‐silicon photovoltaics with a 95% material reduction compared to a typical cell thickness of 200 µm. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical properties of individual GaP nanowires doped by zinc
Authors: Novak Jozef , Šoltýs Ján , Eliáš Peter , Hasenöhrl Stanislav , Stoklas Roman , Dujavová Agata , Mikulics Martin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGallium phosphide nanowires (NWs) doped by zinc were prepared on (111)B GaP substrates by low‐pressure metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy using 30 nm Au seed particles. The NWs were transferred onto SiO2/Si substrate. Single NWs were processed into two‐ and four‐probe back‐gated devices electrically contacted via low‐resistance ohmic contacts, formed by evaporation of Au + Zn alloy that was annealed at 400 °C. The device topology was defined using electron beam lithography (EBL) and lift‐off. The NW electrical properties were evaluated from I–V characteristics measured for various gate voltages. The measurement gave evidence that the NW were p‐type. The NW resistivity and hole concentration were between 0.254 and 0.325 Ωcm, and 0.9–1.5 × 1018 cm−3, respectively.
Bilateral Subtotal Thyroidectomy Versus Hemithyroidectomy Plus Subtotal Resection (Dunhill Procedure) for Benign Goiter: Long‐Term Results of a Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Rayes Nada , Steinmüller Thomas , Schröder Sabine , Klötzler Andre , Bertram Helga , Denecke Timm , Neuhaus Peter , Seehofer Daniel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundTwo recent meta‐analyses of mostly retrospective studies have shown high recurrence rates following subtotal resection of bilateral multinodular goiter. Therefore, many endocrine centers have changed their operative procedures in favor of thyroidectomy. Consequently, the rate of complications, especially hypoparathyroidism, has increased. Hemithyroidectomy plus subtotal resection (Dunhill operation) overcomes some disadvantages of bilateral subtotal resection (BST). We performed a prospective, randomized trial to compare the Dunhill operation (DO) and BST for benign goiters.MethodsBetween October 1994 and March 1997, a total of 200 consecutive patients were randomized into two study groups. Primary outcome measure was the incidence of recurrent goiter. Secondary outcome measures were incidence of recurrent nerve palsy and hypoparathyroidism. In all patients, ultrasonography of the thyroid and measurement of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone were performed. Recurrent nerve function was analyzed by indirect laryngoscopy. Long term data (>10 years after surgery) were available in 70 DO patients and 65 BST patients. Mean follow‐up was 11.3 ± 4.2 years (10–12 years).ResultsNo differences were seen in the operating times, transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism, or recurrent nerve palsy. In the long‐term, mean thyroid volumes were significantly lower in the DO group (3.5 ± 3.5 vs. 6.4 ± 6.5 ml, p = 0.01). One reoperation was required in the BST group because of recurrence versus none in the DO group. 68 of 70 (97 %) patients in group DO and 59 of 65 (91 %) in group BST had ongoing thyroid hormone therapy with no significant differences in mean dosages of l‐thyroxine.ConclusionsThe Dunhill operation and BST are safe procedures. In case of small remnants, clinically significant recurrence is a rare event especially after the Dunhill operation.