bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staphylococcus aureus Formyl Peptide Receptor–like 1 Inhibitor (FLIPr) and Its Homologue FLIPr-like Are Potent FcγR Antagonists That Inhibit IgG-Mediated Effector Functions
Authors: Stemerding Annette M. , Köhl Jörg , Pandey Manoj K. , Kuipers Annemarie , Leusen Jeanette H. , Boross Peter , Nederend Maaike , Vidarsson Gestur , Weersink Annemarie Y. L. , van de Winkel Jan G. J. , van Kessel Kok P. M. , van Strijp Jos A. G. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
To evade opsonophagocytosis, Staphylococcus aureus secretes various immunomodulatory molecules that interfere with effective opsonization by complement and/or IgG. Immune-evasion molecules targeting the phagocyte receptors for these opsonins have not been described. In this study, we demonstrate that S. aureus escapes from FcγR-mediated immunity by secreting a potent FcγR antagonist, FLIPr, or its homolog FLIPr-like. Both proteins were previously reported to function as formyl peptide receptor inhibitors. Binding of FLIPr was mainly restricted to FcγRII receptors, whereas FLIPr-like bound to different FcγR subclasses, and both competitively blocked IgG-ligand binding. They fully inhibited FcγR-mediated effector functions, including opsonophagocytosis and subsequent intracellular killing of S. aureus by neutrophils and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of tumor cells by both neutrophils and NK cells. In vivo, treatment of mice with FLIPr-like prevented the development of an immune complex–mediated FcγR-dependent Arthus reaction. This study reveals a novel immune-escape function for S. aureus–secreted proteins that may lead to the development of new therapeutic agents in FcγR-mediated diseases.
Dendritic Cell–Dependent In Vivo Generation of Autoregulatory T Cells by Antidiabetogenic MHC Class II
Authors: Tsai Sue , Serra Pau , Clemente-Casares Xavier , Slattery Robyn M. , Santamaria Pere 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how certain MHC class II molecules afford dominant resistance to autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, it remains unclear how protective MHC types can blunt autoreactive T cell responses directed against a diverse repertoire of autoantigenic epitopes presented by disease-promoting MHCs. In this study, we show that expression of I-E on dendritic cells (DCs) of NOD mice promotes the differentiation of MHC promiscuous autoreactive CD4+ clonotypes into antidiabetogenic autoregulatory T cells. We expressed an I-EαkloxP transgene in NOD mice and used cell type–specific I-E ablation to show that I-E–expressing DCs, but not B cells, promote the generation of autoreactive CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their accumulation in the pancreas-draining lymph nodes. There, these Tregs suppress the presentation of β cell Ags to naive autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells restricted by diabetogenic MHC molecules in an I-E–independent manner. Whereas selective removal of I-E on DCs abrogated autoregulatory Treg formation and T1D protection, selective removal of I-E on B cells was inconsequential. These results explain how certain MHC class II molecules can completely suppress antigenically complex autoimmune responses in an Ag-nonspecific manner.
Models of Depression: Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress in Mice
Authors: Nollet Mathieu , Guisquet Anne‐Marie Le , Belzung Catherine 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMajor depression is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by affective, cognitive, and physiological impairments that lead to maladaptive behavior. The high lifetime prevalence of this disabling condition, coupled with limitations in existing medications, make necessary the development of improved therapeutics. This requires animal models that allow investigation of key biological correlates of the disorder. Described in this unit is the unpredictable chronic mild stress mouse model that is used to screen for antidepressant drug candidates. Originally designed for rats, this model has been adapted for mice to capitalize on the advantages of this species as an experimental model, including inter‐strain variability, which permits an exploration of the contribution of genetic background, the ability to create transgenic animals, and lower cost. Thus, by combining genetic features and socio‐environmental chronic stressful events, the unpredictable, chronic mild stress model in mice can be used to study the etiological and developmental components of major depression, and to identify novel treatments for this condition. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 61:5.65.1‐5.65.17 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Predicting Drug‐Induced QT Prolongation and Torsades de Pointes: A Review of Preclinical Endpoint Measures
Authors: Townsend Claire , Brown Barry S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCompound‐induced prolongation of the cardiac QT interval is a major concern in drug development and this unit discusses approaches that can predict QT effects prior to undertaking clinical trials. The majority of compounds that prolong the QT interval block the cardiac rapid delayed rectifier potassium current, IKr (hERG). Described in this overview are different ways to measure hERG, from recent advances in automated electrophysiology to the quantification of channel protein trafficking and binding. The contribution of other cardiac ion channels to hERG data interpretation is also discussed. In addition, endpoint measures of the integrated activity of cardiac ion channels at the single‐cell, tissue, and whole‐animal level, including for example the well‐established action potential to the more recent beat‐to‐beat variability, transmural dispersion of repolarization, and field potential duration, are described in the context of their ability to predict QT prolongation and torsadogenicity in humans. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 61:10.16.1‐10.16.19 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) and Mechanisms of Their Regulation: Implications for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Bao Bin , Ahmad Aamir , Azmi Asfar S. , Ali Shadan , Sarkar Fazlul H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe identification of small subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSCs) from blood mononuclear cells in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in 1997 was a landmark observation that recognized the potential role of CSCs in tumor aggressiveness. Two critical properties contribute to the functional role of CSCs in the establishment and recurrence of cancerous tumors: their capacity for self‐renewal and their potential to differentiate into unlimited heterogeneous populations of cancer cells. These findings suggest that CSCs may represent novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and/or prevention of tumor progression, since they appear to be involved in cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance–all of which lead to poor clinical outcomes. The identification of CSC‐specific markers, the isolation and characterization of CSCs from malignant tissues, and targeting strategies for the destruction of CSCs provide a novel opportunity for cancer research. This overview describes the potential implications of several common CSC markers in the identification of CSC subpopulations that are restricted to common malignant diseases, e.g., leukemia, and breast, prostate, pancreatic, and lung cancers. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of CSC function is also discussed, as are several methods commonly used in CSC research. The potential role of the antidiabetic drug metformin– which has been shown to have effects on CSCs, and is known to function as an antitumor agent–is discussed as an example of this new class of chemotherapeutics.Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 61:14.25.1‐14.25.14 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Primary Human Non‐Small Cell Lung and Pancreatic Tumorgraft Models—Utility and Applications in Drug Discovery and Tumor Biology
Authors: Calles Antonio , Rubio‐Viqueira Belén , Hidalgo Manuel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe number of therapeutic options for lung and pancreatic cancer is increasing because of the identification of new druggable molecular targets and development of new drug combinations. Reproducible, biologically relevant in vivo pre‐clinical models are critical for this effort. The generation of patient‐derived tumor xenografts has proven useful for integrating drug screening with biomarker discovery, discovering fundamental information in tumor biology, prioritizing drugs for clinical investigation, and personalizing treatments for these tumors. The protocol described in this unit details how to establish a direct in vivo subcutaneous primary tumorgraft and maintenance passages. The predictive value of a tumorgraft platform to guide personalized medicine is illustrated with the case of a patient with refractory advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The outcome of a patient for whom their own pancreatic tumorgraft revealed a remarkable sensitivity to mitomycin C based on a PALB2 mutation is also detailed. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 61:14.26.1‐14.26.21 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Rubberlike Stretchable Fibrous Membrane with Anti‐Wettability and Gas Breathability
Authors: Cho Seong J. , Nam Hyoryung , Ryu Hyobong , Lim Geunbae 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe fabrication of a stable, anti‐wetting surface is a very challenging issue in surface chemistry. In general, superhydrophobicity highly depends on the surface structure. Moreover, mechanical deformation of the surface structure can produce dramatic changes in the surface wetting state, and in some cases, may even result in a complete loss of the surface's unique wettability. However, the study of stable surfaces under mechanical deformation conditions has been limited to flexible surfaces or small strain. Here, a mechanically stable superhydrophobic membrane is presented, which possesses high stretchability and gas breathability. The membrane, which consists of an elastic polyurethane fibrous matrix coated with polyaniline hairy nanostructures and polytetrafluoroethylene, exhibites excellent superhydrophobic properties under ≥300% strain. The breathability and wettability of the membrane is examined by examining various static and dynamic wetting parameters. The robust membrane maintaines its anti‐wettability (water contact angle ≈160°, hysteresis ≈10°) for 1000 stretching cycles. It is also determined that the stretchable and superhydrophobic surface suppresses the fragmentation and rebound of impact droplets, compared with rigid superhydrophobic surfaces. Finally, underwater gas sensing is demonstrated as a novel application.
MOF Nano‐Vesicles and Toroids: Self‐Assembled Porous Soft‐Hybrids for Light Harvesting
Authors: Suresh Venkata M. , George Subi J. , Maji Tapas Kumar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMetal‐organic vesicular and toroid nanostructures of Zn(OPE)·2H2O are achieved by coordination‐directed self‐assembly of oligo‐phenyleneethynylenedicarboxylic acid (OPEA) as a linker with Zn(OAc)2 by controlling the reaction parameters. Self‐assembled nanostructures are characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and adsorption study. The amphiphilic nature of the coordination‐polymer with long alkyl chains renders different soft vesicular and toroidal nanostructures. The permanent porosity of the framework is established by gas adsorption study. Highly luminescent 3D porous framework is exploited for Froster's resonance energy transfer (FRET) by encapsulation of a suitable cationic dye (DSMP) which shows efficient funneling of excitation energy. These results demonstrate the dynamic and soft nature of the MOF, resulting in unprecedented vesicular and toroidal nanostructures with efficient light harvesting applications.
Low Current Density Driving Leads to Efficient, Bright and Stable Green Electroluminescence
Authors: Tordera Daniel , Frey Julien , Vonlanthen David , Constable Edwin , Pertegás Antonio , Ortí Enrique , Bolink Henk J. , Baranoff Etienne , Nazeeruddin M. Khaja 
Published: June 2013

AbstractElectroluminescent devices have the potential to reshape lighting and display technologies by providing low‐energy consuming solutions with great aesthetic features, such as flexibility and transparency. In particular, light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are among the simplest electroluminescent devices. The device operates with air‐stable materials and the active layer can be resumed to an ionic phosphorescent emitter. As a consequence, LECs can be assembled using solution‐process technologies, which could allow for low‐cost and large‐area lighting applications in the future. High efficiencies have been reported at rather low luminances (<50 cd m−2) and at very low current densities. Moreover, these efficiencies could be sustained for a brief moment only during operation time. Here, we demonstrate that a pulsed driving mode at low current densities leads to unequalled overall performances with excellent efficiencies throughout the lifetime of the device. The lifetime of the LECs is defined as the time it takes to reach 50% of the peak luminance. Upon optimization of various parameters (frequency, duty cycle and average current density), the green LEC reaches efficacies and power efficiencies of 28.2 cd A−1 and 17.1 lm W−1, respectively, at a luminance above 750 cd m−2 and 98 hours lifetime. The present work also rationalizes why high efficiencies have been obtained only at low current densities so far.
Nanosilicon‐Based Thick Negative Composite Electrodes for Lithium Batteries with Graphene as Conductive Additive
Authors: Nguyen Binh Phuong Nhan , Kumar Nanjundan Ashok , Gaubicher Joël , Duclairoir Florence , Brousse Thierry , Crosnier Olivier , Dubois Lionel , Bidan Gérard , Guyomard Dominique , Lestriez Bernard 
Published: June 2013

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (rGO) is used as a conductive additive for nanosilicon‐based lithium battery anodes with the high active‐mass loading typically required for industrial applications. In contrast to conventional Si electrodes that use acetylene black (AcB) as an additive, the rGO system shows pronounced improvement of electrochemical performance, irrespective of the cycling conditions. With capacity limitation, the rGO system results in improved coulombic efficiency (99.9%) and longer cycle life than conventional electrodes. Upon cycling without capacity limitation, much higher discharge capacity is maintained (2000 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles for 2.5 mg of Si cm−2). Used in conjunction with the bridging carboxymethyl cellulose binder, the crumpled and resilient rGO allows highly reversible functioning of the electrode in which the Si particles repeatedly inflate and deflate upon alloying and dealloying with lithium.
New Electron‐Donor/Acceptor‐Substituted Tetraphenylethylenes: Aggregation‐Induced Emission with Tunable Emission Color and Optical‐Waveguide Behavior
Authors: Gu Xinggui , Yao Jingjing , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Chuang , Yan Yongli , Zhao Yongsheng , Zhang Deqing 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of new tetraphenylethylene derivatives 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 that feature electron‐donating (methoxy) and ‐accepting (dicyanomethane) groups as AIE‐active molecules with tunable emission colors. The crystal structures of compounds 3 and 4 are described and the intermolecular interactions within their crystals agree with the observation that they exhibit strong solid‐state emission. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 exhibit typical AIE behavior and their emission maxima are red‐shifted in the order: 1<2<3<4. Such red‐shifts are ascribed to the fact that intramolecular interactions between the electron donor and the electron acceptor become stronger with increasing number of methoxy groups. The solid‐state emission colors of compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 are successfully tuned from yellow‐green to red. Compound 5 shows AIE behavior, but its emission is only slightly enhanced after aggregation and its solid shows a low quantum yield. Furthermore, microplates of compound 3 exhibit 2D optical‐waveguide behavior.
Psychologische Befunde zu Licht und seiner Wirkung auf den Menschen – ein Überblick
Authors: Werth Lioba , Steidle Anna , Hubschneider Carolin , de Boer Jan , Sedlbauer Klaus 
Published: June 2013

AbstractZiel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, die Wirkung von Licht auf den Menschen aus Sicht der Psychologie darzustellen und einen Überblick aktueller psychologischer Forschungsbefunde zum Einfluss von Licht und Beleuchtungssystemen darzubieten. Um Beleuchtung optimal einsetzen zu können, ist es erforderlich, sowohl die Wirkweisen von Licht als auch den Einfluss von Licht und Beleuchtung auf Leistung, Wohlbefinden und Verhalten von dessen Nutzern zu kennen. Dementsprechend wird zunächst die grundlegende Wirkung von Licht auf den Menschen dargestellt, gefolgt von einem umfassenden Überblick der wichtigsten psychologischen Forschungsbefunde zum Einfluss von Licht auf Arbeitsleistung, Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden, Interaktionen mit anderen Personen sowie dem Konsumbereich. Abschließend werden der aktuelle Stand des Wissens und der weitere Forschungsbedarf zusammengefasst.Psychological evidence on light and its impact on humans – an overview. The aim of the present article is to describe the light’s effects on humans from a psychological perspective and to give an overview of actual psychological research on the influence of light and illumination. In order to optimize lighting applications, it is necessary to know both the routes of influence via which light affects humans and the impact of light and illumination on user’s performance, wellbeing, and behavior. Consequently, we first outline the fundamental effect of light on humans and then summarize psychological evidence on the light’s influence on task performance, health and wellbeing, social interactions and consumer behavior. Building on this review, the current state of knowledge and need for further research are summarized.
Sommerlicher Wärmeschutz – Neufassung der DIN 4108‐2
Authors: Maas Anton , Kempkes Christoph , Schlitzberger Stephan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIm Februar 2013 ist die Neufassung der DIN 4108 “Wärmeschutz und Energie‐Einsparung in Gebäuden – Teil 2: Mindestanforderungen an den Wärmeschutz“ [1] erschienen. Nach wie vor sind in DIN 4108‐2 die Mindestanforderungen an den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz formuliert, welche durch die Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV) in Bezug genommen werden. Während sich die aktuelle EnEV 2009 [2] noch auf die Normenfassung vom Juli 2003 [3] bezieht, wird die EnEV‐Novelle auf die Neufassung der DIN 4108‐2 verweisen. Neben einer klareren Formulierung des Anwendungsbereichs und der Einführung neuer Definitionen wurden im Zusammenhang mit dem sommerlichen Wärmeschutz schwerpunktmäßig folgende Änderungen vorgenommen:– Die Anforderungen an den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz wurden an neue Klimadaten angepasst,– in diesem Zusammenhang wurde eine neue Klimakarte erstellt und– das vereinfachte Nachweisverfahren (Sonneneintragskennwerte‐Verfahren) wurde überarbeitet und erweitert.– Darüber hinaus wurden die Berechnungsrandbedingungen für den sommerlichen Wärmeschutznachweis durch Simulationsrechnung konkretisiert.Dieser Beitrag dokumentiert die Hintergründe und stellt die Neuerungen zur Überarbeitung des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes in DIN 4108‐2 dar.Summer heat protection – Revised version of DIN 4108‐2. In February 2013 the revised version of DIN 4108‐2 “Thermal protection and energy economy in buildings – Part 2: Minimum requirements to thermal insulation” has been published. As in the former version of this norm, herein expressed are the minimum requirements for summer heat protection those which are referenced by the German Energy Savings Regulation (EnEV). Whereas the current EnEV 2009 refers still to DIN 4108‐2:2003‐07 the new EnEV will point on the revised norm. In addition to a clearer wording for the scope of application and definitions, the essential modifications regarding summer heat protection in the revised DIN 4108‐2 are:– The requirements according to the summer heat protection have been adapted to new climate conditions and– in this context a new climate map for Germany has been developed.– The simplified proofing method for summer heat protection has been revised and enhanced.– The boundary conditions for dynamic simulations according to the proof of summer heat protection have been concretized.This article documents the background and improvements according to the revised version of DIN 4108‐2.
Irreversible electroporation and apoptosis in human liver cancer cells induced by nanosecond electric pulses
Authors: Xiao Deyou , Yao Chenguo , Liu Huan , Li Chengxiang , Cheng Jie , Guo Fei , Tang Liling 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the effect of nanosecond electric pulses on HepG2 human liver cancer cells. Electric pulses with a high strength of 10 kV/cm, duration of 500 ns and frequency of 1 Hz were applied to the cells. After delivery of electric pulses, apoptosis, intracellular calcium ion concentrations, transmembrane mitochondrial potentials, electropermeabilization and recovery from electropermeabilization in cells were investigated. The results showed that electric pulse treatment for 20 s and more could trigger apoptosis in cells. Real‐time observation indicated an immediate increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration and a dramatic decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in cells responding to electric pulses. In subsequent experiments, propidium iodide uptake in cells emerged after exposure to electric pulses, indicating electropermeabilization of the cell membrane. Furthermore, recovery from electropermeabilization was not observed even 4 h after the stimulation, demonstrating that irreversible electropermeabilization was induced by electric pulses. In conclusion, electric pulses with a high strength and nanosecond duration can damage cancer cells, accompanied by a series of intracellular changes, providing strong evidence for the application of electric pulses in cancer treatment. Bioelectromagnetics. 34:512–520. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of Dispersing Processes Using a Newly Developed Dispermeter
Authors: Schönstedt B. , Schilde C. , Beinert S. , Kwade A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTypically, the product fineness in a dispersion process is determined by the strength of the agglomerates and aggregates, the properties of the homogeneous phase and its interaction with the surface of the disperse phase, the stress mechanism itself as well as its intensity and frequency acting on the particles. The objective of this study is to characterize the efficiency of a dispersion process in terms of stress frequency and intensity using a newly developed dispersing machine called dispermeter. This dispersing machine is capable of processing suspensions with a broad range of viscosities. Furthermore, due to highly defined geometries, the rheological behavior of suspensions as an important parameter for processability and suspension stability can be characterized during the dispersion process. By utilizing the rheological properties the dispermeter can be used for the selection of an applicable electrostatic or steric stabilizer for an optimal dispersion process. With the dispermeter two different types of pyrogenic metallic oxide particles, nanosized alumina and silica, are processed. The progress in deagglomeration is monitored by particle size analysis and compared with that in a dissolver. A theoretical process model is used to characterize both processes. Moreover, this model is used to predict the dispersion results obtained in the dissolver.