bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ginseng supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a protocol for GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Jafari Ali , Kordkatuli Kosar , Mardani Helia , Mehdipoor Fatemeh , Bakhtiari Jami Pardis , Abbastabar Maryam , Vakili Mohammadali , Besharat Sima , Alaghi Alireza 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionHeart diseases constitute a significant global public health concern. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are characterised by disruptions in blood circulation and are notably prevalent among adults exposed to Westernised diets. Ginseng, a medicinal plant, has been recognised for its healing properties and has a history of use spanning thousands of years. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of ginseng in modifying risk factors for CVD, including lipid profiles, glycaemic control, anthropometric indices, inflammation indicators, blood pressure, oxidative stress, liver function tests, adipokines and heart rate among individuals aged 18 and above, encompassing both genders.Methods and analysisWe will conduct an electronic search for articles published from inception to September 2023 using a predefined search strategy in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL and EMBASE. Our search will focus exclusively on randomised controlled clinical trials involving both healthy and unhealthy participants. The process of reviewing articles, extracting pertinent information and assessing the quality of studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool will be carried out independently by two reviewers. Any discrepancies will be resolved through discussion with a third party. If a sufficient number of eligible studies are identified, a meta-analysis will be conducted using these outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThis study serves as the procedural framework for a comprehensive examination and does not require ethical approval. Additionally, the study adhered to the guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Golestan University of Medical Sciences (IR.GOUMS.REC.1402.298).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023465688.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue and stress among gas station workers in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fan Jialin , Tan Xiaotong , Smith Andrew Paul , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionWork-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are disorders of the musculoskeletal system that have the highest prevalence among workers worldwide. Workers in gas stations usually work in poor ergonomic working conditions, including prolonged standing and repetitive posturing.ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs and fatigue and to identify the predictors of WMSDs among gas station workers.DesignThe present study was a cross-sectional study.Setting and participants2962 gas station workers from an oil and gas company in China, with ages ranging from 17 to 75 years old, 55.47% female.ResultsThe prevalence of WMSDs within the 12 months prior to the study was 73.23%, with the highest prevalence in the neck, shoulders, ankles and feet. Furthermore, a correlation was observed between fatigue, stress and WMSDs. Fatigue and job role were the strongest predictors of WMSDs, with an OR range of 2.211–3.413.ConclusionsThis research identified the detrimental impact of WMSDs and fatigue on gas station workers, indicating the critical need for interventions to reduce WMSDs and relieve fatigue.
Preoperative electroacupuncture versus sham electroacupuncture for the treatment of postoperative ileus after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in China: a study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial
Authors: Fu Yi-Ming , Yang Ying-Chi , Zhang Jing , Zhao Jingjie , Liu Gong-Yong , Ling Shen , Wang Chao , Wang Li-Wei , Yang Yu-Tong , Wang Yu , Yang Na-Na , Liu Cun-Zhi , Pei Wei 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPostoperative ileus (POI) is a postoperative complication that can cause lingering recovery after colorectal resection and a heavy healthcare system burden. Acupuncture aims to prevent postoperative complications, reduce the duration of POI, help recovery and shorten hospital stays. We hypothesise that preoperative electroacupuncture (EA) can promote POI recovery under the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol after laparoscopic surgery in patients with POI.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial. A total of 80 patients will be enrolled and randomly assigned to the EA or sham electroacupuncture (SA) group. The eligible patients will receive EA or SA for one session per day with treatment frequency starting on preoperative day 1 for four consecutive days. The primary outcome is the time to first defecation. The secondary outcomes include the time to first flatus, length of postoperative hospital stay, time to tolerability of semiliquid and solid food, postoperative nausea, vomiting, pain and extent of abdominal distention, time to first ambulation, preoperative anxiety, 30-day readmission rate, the usage of anaesthetics and analgesics during operation, length of postanaesthesia care unit stay. A mechanistic study by single-cell RNA sequencing in which postintervention normal intestinal tissue samples will be collected. The results of this study will provide evidence of the effects of acupuncture on POI and promote good clinical decision to millions of patients globally every year.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the ethical application of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (2022BZYLL0401), Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University(2022-P2-368-02), Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science (23/175-3917), Huanxing Cancer Hospital (2023-002-02). The results will be published in a medical journal. In addition, we plan to present them at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300077633.
Association between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults with prior cardiovascular disease: a cohort study using data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2018
Authors: Hu Ben , Wang Yuhui , Wang Yan , Feng Jun , Fan Yinguang , Hou Linlin 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe association between the Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index and mortality rates in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. This study investigates the association between the TyG index and the incidence of all-cause and CVD-specific mortality among individuals with a history of CVD.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingData were sourced from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2018) and linked mortality data, with follow-up continuing until 31 December 2019.ParticipantsThe study population comprised 3422 individuals aged 20 years or older with a documented history of CVD.Outcome measuresWe examined the association between the TyG index and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 5.79 years, 1030 deaths occurred, including 339 due to CVD. Cox regression analysis, adjusted for multiple confounders, showed that individuals in the highest TyG index quartile, compared with those in the lowest, had HRs of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.60 to 0.96) for all-cause mortality and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.39 to 0.89) for CVD mortality. There was a significant inverse relationship between higher TyG index levels and lower mortality risks. For each unit increase in the TyG index, the adjusted HRs for all-cause and CVD mortality decreased by 18% (HR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.94) and 27% (HR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.92), respectively.ConclusionsTyG index values are negatively associated with all-cause and CVD mortality risks among individuals with previous CVD. Further interventional studies are needed to clarify the impact of TyG levels on cardiovascular health.
The Cleft Collective: protocol for a longitudinal prospective cohort study
Authors: Davies Amy J V , Humphries Kerry , Lewis Sarah J , Ho Karen , Sandy Jonathan R , Wren Yvonne 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionCleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) affects 1 in 700 live births globally. Children born with CL/P and their families face various challenges throughout the child’s development. Extant research is often limited by small numbers and single-centre data. The Cleft Collective, a national cohort study in the UK, aims to build a resource, available to collaborators across the globe, to understand causes, best treatments and long-term outcomes for those born with CL/P, ultimately seeking to enhance their quality of life through improved understanding and care.Methods and analysisA longitudinal prospective cohort study of children born with CL/P and their families. Recruitment occurs across the UK and started in November 2013. Recruitment will continue until September 2027 with an estimated final sample of 4822 children born with CL/P (1157 cleft lip including/excluding the alveolus; 2112 cleft palate only; 1042 unilateral cleft lip and palate and 511 bilateral cleft lip and palate). Biological samples are collected from all recruited members of the family. Parental and child questionnaires are collected at key time points throughout the child’s development. Surgical data are collected at the time of surgical repair of the child’s cleft. Consent is obtained to link to external data sources. Nested substudies can be hosted within the cohort. Regular engagement with participants takes place through birthday cards for the children, social media posts and newsletters. Patient and Public Involvement is conducted through the Cleft Lip And Palate Association and Cleft Collective Patient Consultation Group who provide insightful and essential guidance to the Cleft Collective throughout planning and conducting research.Ethics and disseminationThe Cleft Collective was ethically approved by the National Research Ethics Service committee South West—Central Bristol (REC13/SW/0064). Parental informed consent is required for participation. Findings from the Cleft Collective are disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, newsletters and social media.
Intravenous ketamine for emergency department treatment of suicidal ideation in a paediatric population: protocol for a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm pilot trial (KSI study)
Authors: Schlegelmilch Michael , Plint Amy C , Barrowman Nicholas , Gray Clare , Bhatt Maala 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionSuicidal ideation (SI) is a common and severe cause of morbidity in adolescents. Patients frequently present to the emergency department (ED) for care, yet there is no acute therapeutic intervention for SI. A single dose of intravenous ketamine has demonstrated efficacy in rapidly reducing SI in adults; however, ketamine has not been studied in paediatrics. We aim to determine the feasibility of a trial of a single intravenous ketamine dose to reduce SI for patients in the paediatric ED.Methods and analysisThis will be a single-centre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm pilot trial of intravenous ketamine for ED treatment of SI in a paediatric population. Intervention: one intravenous dose of 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine (max 50 mg), over 40 min. Placebo: one intravenous dose of 0.5 mL/kg (max 50 mL) of normal saline, over 40 min. Participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio. SI severity will be measured at baseline, 40 min, 80 min, 120 min, 24 hours and 7 days. We aim to recruit 20 participants. The primary feasibility outcome is the proportion of eligible patients who complete the study protocol. We will pilot three SI severity tools and explore the efficacy, safety and tolerability of the intervention.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be conducted according to Canadian Biomedical Research Tutorial, international standards of Good Clinical Practice and the Health Canada, Food and Drug Act, Part C, Division 5. The study documents have been approved by the CHEO Research Institute Research Ethics Board (CHEO REB (23/02E)). Participants must provide free and informed consent to participate. If incapable due to age, assenting participants with parental/legal guardian consent may participate. On completion, we will endeavour to present results at international conferences, and publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal. Participants will receive a results letter.Trial registration numberNCT05468840.
Improving health system responses when patients are harmed: a protocol for a multistage mixed-methods study
Authors: Hibbert Peter D , Raggett Louise , Molloy Charlotte J , Westbrook Johanna , Magrabi Farah , Mumford Virginia , Clay-Williams Robyn , Lingam Raghu , Salmon Paul M , Middleton Sandy , Roberts Mike , Bradd Patricia , Bowden Steven , Ryan Kathleen , Zacka Mark , Sketcher-Baker Kirstine , Phillips Andy , Birks Lanii , Arya Dinesh K , Trevorrow Catherine , Handa Suchit , Swaminathan Girish , Carson-Stevens Andrew , Wiig Siri , de Wet Carl , Austin Elizabeth E , Nic Giolla Easpaig Brona , Wang Ying , Arnolda Gaston , Peterson Gregory M , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionAt least 10% of hospital admissions in high-income countries, including Australia, are associated with patient safety incidents, which contribute to patient harm (‘adverse events’). When a patient is seriously harmed, an investigation or review is undertaken to reduce the risk of further incidents occurring. Despite 20 years of investigations into adverse events in healthcare, few evaluations provide evidence of their quality and effectiveness in reducing preventable harm.This study aims to develop consistent, informed and robust best practice guidance, at state and national levels, that will improve the response, learning and health system improvements arising from adverse events.Methods and analysisThe setting will be healthcare organisations in Australian public health systems in the states of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory. We will apply a multistage mixed-methods research design with evaluation and in-situ feasibility testing. This will include literature reviews (stage 1), an assessment of the quality of 300 adverse event investigation reports from participating hospitals (stage 2), and a policy/procedure document review from participating hospitals (stage 3) as well as focus groups and interviews on perspectives and experiences of investigations with healthcare staff and consumers (stage 4). After triangulating results from stages 1–4, we will then codesign tools and guidance for the conduct of investigations with staff and consumers (stage 5) and conduct feasibility testing on the guidance (stage 6). Participants will include healthcare safety systems policymakers and staff (n=120–255) who commission, undertake or review investigations and consumers (n=20–32) who have been impacted by adverse events.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been granted by the Northern Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (2023/ETH02007 and 2023/ETH02341).The research findings will be incorporated into best practice guidance, published in international and national journals and disseminated through conferences.
Impact of HIV coinfection on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mekonen Habitamu , Negesse Ayenew , Dessie Getenet , Desta Melaku , Mihiret Getachew Tilaye , Tarik Yaregal Dessalew , Kitaw Tebabere Moltot , Getaneh Temesgen 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesDespite the implementation of a short-term direct observation treatment programme, HIV coinfection is one of the main determinants of tuberculosis (TB) treatment success. This meta-analysis was conducted to report the impact of HIV on TB treatment outcomes using inconsistent and variable study findings.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis was performed.Data sourcesThe PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were used to access the articles. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used for the critical appraisal.Eligibility criteriaAll observational studies conducted in Ethiopia and reporting TB treatment outcomes in relation to HIV coinfection were included in the final analysis.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted the data using a standardised data extraction format. The JBI critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of primary studies. Stata V.14 was used for the data analysis. Cochran’s Q statistic with inverse variance (I2) and funnel plot are used to assess the presence of heterogeneity (I2=94.4%, p<0.001) and publication bias, respectively. A random effect model was used to estimate TB treatment outcomes with a 95% CI.ResultsThe overall success rate of TB treatment was 69.9% (95% CI 64% to 75%). The cure rate of TB among patients living with HIV was 19.3%. Furthermore, the odds of unsuccessful treatment among TB-HIV coinfected patients were 2.6 times greater than those among HIV nonreactive patients (OR 2.65; 95% CI 2.1 to 3.3).ConclusionThe success of TB treatment among patients living with HIV in Ethiopia was lower than the WHO standard threshold (85%). HIV coinfection hurts TB treatment success. Therefore, collaborative measurements and management, such as early treatment initiation, follow-up and the management of complications, are important.
Hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke: hemorrhagic subtypes and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage
Authors: Luff Marie K , Khezri Nicole , Miralbes Salvador , Naravetla Bharath , Spiotta Alejandro M , Loehr Christian , Martínez-Galdámez Mario , McTaggart Ryan A , Defreyne Luc , Vega Pedro , Zaidat Osama O , Price Lori Lyn , Gupta Rishi , Möhlenbruch Markus A , Liebeskind David S 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundFew clinical studies perform detailed analyses of subtypes of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) used to treat acute ischemic stroke. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is a formidable complication of MT and is widely used in clinical trials as a safety outcome. However, variable definitions of sICH are used across clinical studies.ObjectiveTo radiographically subcategorize post-MT ICH development within this large cohort and examine overlap with sICH. Second, to examine the agreement of this definition of sICH with local site-reported occurrences of sICH to see how sICH rates change with modifications of the definitions used.MethodsA large cohort of patients treated with MT for acute ischemic stroke (n=1395) was analyzed to (1) radiographically characterize hemorrhagic subtypes of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) occurring after MT; (2) examine associations of hemorrhagic subtypes with sICH; and (3) compare core laboratory-adjudicated occurrences of sICH with site-reported sICH.ResultsThe overall rate of ICH was 552/1395 patients (39.6%), and the overall rate of sICH was 47/1395 (3.4%). The most common type of ICH was hemorrhagic infarction type 1 (HI1), which represented 45.3% of all ICH cases– followed by HI2 (31.5%) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH, 29.2%). Parenchymal hematoma 2 (PH2) represented only 3.3% of all ICH cases. Of the PH2 hemorrhages, only 33.3% were determined to be symptomatic. Of sICH cases, the most common ICH subtypes were HI2 (48.9%) and SAH (38.3%). Comparison of sICH rates as determined by core laboratory adjudication versus local site-reported results showed that only 14 patients were identified as having sICH with both definitions, with 47 patients total with sICH according to one definition, but not the other.ConclusionsResults of this analysis demonstrate the radiographic subtypes of ICH and also highlight the limitations of variable criteria used to define sICH, suggesting that it might be appropriate to revisit how sICH is defined post-MT.Trial registration numberClinical trialNCT03845491.
A Note on Convergence and Stability of the Truncated Milstein Method for Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Zhan Weijun , Jiang Yanan 
Published: July 2024

Some new techniques are employed to release significantly the requirements on the step size of the truncated Milstein method, which was originally developed in Guo et al. [The truncated Milstein method for stochastic differential equations with commutative noise, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 338 (2018) 298–310]. The almost-sure stability of the method is also investigated. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Synthesis of CuO Thin Film Incorporated with Nanostructured Nd2O3 Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Ammonia Sensing Applications
Authors: Mohammed Enad Abeer , Rzaij Jamal M. 
Published: July 2024

This study involved depositing thin films of copper oxide (CuO) and copper oxide films incorporated with neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) in various weight ratios using the pulsed laser deposition technique to fabricate an ammonia gas sensor. The characteristics of the developed films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) techniques. The study investigated the impact of incorporating Nd2O3 into the CuO film on its sensing characteristics. The X-ray analysis revealed a polycrystalline structure of CuO with a crystal size of 19 nanometers. Furthermore, incorporating CuO and Nd2O3 formed a mixed phase comprised of both CuO and Nd2O3. The average crystallite size varied with the Nd2O3 incorporation rate from 19[Formula: see text]nm to 14.7[Formula: see text]nm. With increasing Nd2O3 incorporation ratios, the surface morphology changed from smooth to spherical-like nanostructures, and the average particle sizes varied from 28[Formula: see text]nm to 130[Formula: see text]nm. The PL spectrum analysis results confirmed that the incorporation of Nd2O3 resulted in a change in the peak intensity of the PL spectrum, with a significant increase in the peak associated with oxygen vacancies, contributing to the improvement of the sensor response. The incorporation of Nd2O3 greatly enhanced the sensitivity of the as-deposited CuO film. The sample with 5 wt.% Nd2O3 exhibited the maximum sensitivity, reaching 180% against 79 ppm NH3 at a working temperature of 50[Formula: see text]C.
PI3K Inhibitors in Hematology: When One Door Closes…
Authors: Skånland Sigrid S. , Okkenhaug Klaus , Davids Matthew S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The PI3K signaling pathway regulates key cellular processes and is one of the most aberrantly activated pathways in cancer. The class I PI3K catalytic subunits p110γ and p110δ are highly enriched in leukocytes, providing an additional rationale for targeting these PI3Ks in hematologic malignancies. In 2014, the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib was the first of four PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki) to receive regulatory approval for relapsed B-cell malignancies. This was followed by approvals of the pan–class I inhibitor copanlisib (2017), the dual PI3Kγ/δ inhibitor duvelisib (2018), and the PI3Kδ and casein kinase 1ε inhibitor umbralisib (2021). Copanlisib and umbralisib received accelerated approvals, whereas idelalisib and duvelisib received initial accelerated approvals followed by full approvals. The accelerated approvals were based on overall response rates; however, follow-up studies showed increased risk of death and serious side effects. Furthermore, the confirmatory trial with copanlisib failed to show an improvement in progression-free survival when compared with chemoimmunotherapy. These developments led to black box warnings for idelalisib and duvelisib and withdrawal of copanlisib and umbralisib from the market by their manufacturers. Given the uncertain future of this drug class, additional manufacturers terminated ongoing phase III trials with novel PI3Kis. In this study, we review the development and current status of PI3Kis in hematology, limitations to their use, and our perspective on whether there is a future for PI3Kis in hematology.