bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drei Verfahren zur Messung der Änderung der Austrittsarbeit mit Hilfe der Oberflächenionisation
Authors: Müller R , Walcher W , Wassmuth H.-W 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Three methods for the measurement of the change ΔΦ of the work function Φ of a metal surface due to the presence of adsorbed particles (e. g. oxygen) have been developed utilizing the surface ionization of a beam of metal atoms (e. g. In, Sr) as a probe. The experiments have been performed with a mass spectrometer at ultrahigh vacuum.
In the first method the temperature dependency of the ion emission current is used for the determination of the work function Φ considering certain limiting conditions. The two other methods which may be applied simultaneously with the first one, involve a direct measurement of ΔΦ by compensating the change of the contact potential by an external voltage: In the second method the contact potential between the ionizing surface and a surrounding reference electrode is used to control the ion optical conditions for the ion emission, whereas in the third method the change in the kinetic energy of the ions caused by a change of the contact potential between the ionizing surface and the entrance slit of the mass spectrometer is used as a measure of ΔΦ
Normal Coordinate Analysis of Nitrogentrichloride
Authors: Rai S. N . , Rai Badri , Nair K. P. R . , Thakur S. N. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The intramolecular force fields of nitrogen trichloride have been determined using the recent experimental data on the vibrational frequencies. Three different methods have been used for the evaluation of force constants. The results ob-tained are quite consistent
A Liquid Self-Diffusion Model
Authors: Lodding A 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The postulate that a liquid possesses characteristic frequen­cy and enegy of vibration, and that all other energy goes to “free” diffusion, leads to the relation

where Tm is the melting point, M the atomic mass, V the atom­ic volume and L the heat of fusion. A is a constant obtainable from the Lindemann relation, 0.36 for the alkali metals, 0.30 for noble metals. This relation is in very good agreement with experimental self-diffusion data of liquid metals
Dreidimensional abbildende Elektronenmikroskope I. Prinzip der Geräte / Threedimensionally Imaging Electron Microscopes
Authors: Hoppe W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Threedimensionally Imaging Electron Microscopes The principles of new electron optical imaging systems will be described which make possible the threedimensional image construction of a small object. Data of threedimensional Fourier space are collected by the registration of several images using primary beams with different tilting angles. The simplest device of such a type - a magnetic fly's eye system - will lead to spherical aberrrations larger than about 20 mm. It will be shown, that there is a good chance to correct “ring zone segment”-systems to reach atomic resolution with or without image-reconstruction-calculations. Not only microscopes with conventional bright field and dark field imaging but also transmission scanning microscopes can be constructed usind these principles.
Das ν1/ν3-Frequenzen-Verhältnis bei tetraedrischen Oxoanionen der Hauptgruppen- elemente und die Schwingungseigenschaften von Xenon-Tetroxid / The ν1/ν3 Frequency Ratio in Tetrahedral Oxoanions of The Main Group Elements and the Vibrational Properties of Xenon-Tetroxid
Authors: Baran Enrique J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In an earlier work we have theoretically derived and explained certain rules relating the ν1/v3 frequency ratio of tetrahedral oxoanions of the transition metals with some basic properties of the anions. It is now demonstrated that these rules are also valid for oxoanions of the main group elements of the periodic system. Applying these and other relations it was possible to predict the value of the symmetric stretching frequency ν1(A1) of xenon tetroxide. Some vibrational properties of XeO4 (force constants, mean amplitudes of vibration, the Coriolis coupling constant and the bond order) are also calculated and compared with those of related species.
Kinetics of the Solid State Reaction between MoO3 and SrCO3
Authors: Flor G. , Massarotti V. , Riccardi R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The solid state reaction MoO3 + SrCO3 → SrMoO4+ CO2 has been studied on mixtures of powdered reagents.
Thermogravimetric measurements in the temperature range 412° -498 °C have been made on different mixtures and under different atmospheres. Moreover, optical observations and conductometric measurements have been carried out.
The results show that the reaction is governed by a diffusion mechanism with an apparent activation energy of (60 ± 1) kcal/mole and that the main diffusing species is the Mo6+ ion.
Diffusion und Korrelation in goldreichen Gold—Zinn-Mischkristallen / Diffusion and Correlation in Gold-Rich Gold—Tin Solid Solutions
Authors: Herzig Chr. , Heumann Th. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The diffusion of Sn-113 and Au-195 in pure gold and dilute tin -gold alloys has been measured at different temperatures and tin concentrations in coarse-grained specimens. In addition the dependence on concentration of the chemical diffusion coefficient and the diffusion of tin in gold at very low impurity concentrations has been determined using the electron microprobe. It was found, that the self-diffusion coefficient of tin as well as that of gold increased strongly with in-creasing impurity content. The thermodynamic factor is equal to one up to ca. 0.5 at.-% tin. For the correlation factor of the diffusion of tin in gold, calculated by the relation of Lidiard, an essentially temperature independent value is obtained. A comparison of the experimental results with the model of Le Claire concerning the impurity diffusion in metals shows, that this model seems to require a too-large temperature dependence of the correlation factor
Untersuchungen zum Kristallisationsprozeß in Selenpreßkörpern
Authors: Kispéter J , Gombay L , Lang J 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The crystallization of compressed selenium was investigated by measurements of the spectral dependence of the photocurrent and of the thermally stimulated current (TSC). A comparison of these results with X-ray diffraction patterns indicates that the maxima of the photocurrent and trap depth calculated from TSC measurements depend on changes in crystallization rate and in-crease in particle size
Driftgeschwindigkeiten, Diffusionskoeffizienten und Temperaturen von Photoionen in Argon, Stickstoff und Sauerstoff / Drift velocities, diffusion coefficients and temperatures of photo-ions in argon, nitrogen and oxygen
Authors: Warneck Peter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Groups of ions were produced by photoionisation of argon, nitrogen and oxygen in a drift chamber, using as the light source a repetitive spark discharge in combination with a uv monochromator. After their traversal of the drift region, the ions were detected in a mass spectrometer. An analysis of the temporal arrival profiles provided ionic drift velocities and diffusion coefficients as a function of gas pressure and electric field. For ions in their electronic and vibrational ground states, the measured drift velocities are in accord with previous data in the literature. At some wave lengths excited ions are produced in addition to ground state ions. Their drift velocities are larger on account of smaller charge transfer cross sections. Drift velocities and diffusion coefficients pro-vide ion temperatures as a function of the reduced field strength. Ion temperatures for argon ions correspond to the gas temperature. For nitrogen and oxygen ions the temperatures increase linearly with E/P and extrapolate at high fields to those given by Wannier's theory
Über den Fallraum in einer zylindrischen Hohlkathode / On the Cathode Fall in a Cylindrical Hollow Cathode
Authors: Helm H. , Howorka F. , Pähl M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The electric field distribution in the cathode fall and the current-voltage characteristic of a cylindrical hollow cathode are calculated on a purely radial model. The theoretical characteristic is compared with results measured on a H2-and Ar-discharge. From the experimental data, the current density ratio of electrons and ions on the cathode can be calculated. This ratio appears in the correct order of magnitude only if the carrier generation in the cathode fall is taken into account.
Comparisons are made with the results of linear theories.
Einfluß des Anions auf das Lumineszenzspektrum kristallisierter Chrom(III)-Antipyrin-Verbindungen / The Influence of the Anion on the Luminescence Spectrum of Crystallized, Chrom(III)-Antipyrene Compounds
Authors: Koglin E. , Ervens H. , Krasser W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The 4T2g→4A2g-and 2Eg→4A2g-transitions of the compounds [Cr(atp)6]X3 (atp=antipyrene; X: SO3F; BF4; SCN; ClO4) are investigated in the temperature range of 150 °K to 4.2 °K.
At temperatures higher than 80 °K the broad fluorescence transition 4T2g→4A2g dominates the 2Eg→4A2g phosphorescence transition.
With the exception of the thiocyanate compound, in all complexes the fluorescence transition is quenched at 4.2 °K.
We do not observe a splitting of the 2Eg-level. The measured Raman-and IR-vibrational bands can be assigned to corresponding vibrational side bands of the 2Eg→4A2g transition in the luminescence spectrum.
On Charge Separation at the Phase Boundary Molecular Crystal/Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Michel-Beyerle M. E. , Haberkorn R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Analysis of the electrostatics of charge carrier injection into molecular crystals during nonequilibrium electron transfer reactions demonstrates the unique advantage of aqueous or similar electrodes in measuring limiting currents which yield the rate constant of the injection process. At the phase boundary molecular crystal/aqueous electrolyte image forces are negligible due to the slow orientation polarization of water molecules with respect to the hopping frequency of injected charge carriers. Coulomb forces arising from slowly mobile or localized counter charges are shown to be effectively screened by water as a consequence of its relatively higher static dielectric constant as compared to that of the crystal.
Notizen:Hyperfeinstruktur von CsCl
Authors: Hoeft J. , Tiemann E. , Törring T. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The quadrupole hyperfine structure of 133Cs35Cl was measured on the rotational transition J=1 → 2 at 8.6 GHz. The calculated quadrupole coupling constants of 35Cl in various vibrational states are reported. The observed line width of the rotational transitions yields an upper limit of the quadrupole coupling constant of 133Cs.
Notizen:Kinetics of Ester-interchange between Methyl Acetate and Ethanol
Authors: Rao T. , Gandhe B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Kinetics of ester-interchange between methyl acetate and ethanol has been studied in the range 80 - 105°, using gas chromatographic technique. The reaction is of the second order, and the specific reaction rate is 29.6-10-8 l/mole-sec at 105°. The energy of activation is 16.7 kcal/mole and the en-tropy of activation is -44.3 cal/mole-deg.
On the Calculation of Vector Mesons in Functional Nonlinear Spinor Theory
Authors: Bauhoff W. , Scheerer K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Nonlinear spinor theory is fomulated in functional space. An eigenvalue equation for mesons is derived. The group theoretical reduction of this equation is performed, especially the angular momentum decomposition. For vector mesons it is solved in first Fredholm approximation. A solu-tion corresponding to a physical particle is found contrary to earlier calculations. The calculated mass has the correct order of magnitude.
Induzierte Stoßprozesse
Authors: Fröhlich G. , Sewing K. H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Similar to the stimulated emission in radiation processes there are stimulated collisions in col-lision processes too. These stimulated collisions do not lead to an amplification of the electron tran-sitions like in radiation processes but attenuate the transitions. So the occurance of stimulated collisions can stabilize the population density of the levels.
Ein neues Verfahren zur Messung der radialen Temperaturverteilung in inhomogenen und instationären Plasmasäulen mit erheblicher Selbstabsorption / New Technique for Measuring the Radial Temperature Distribution in Inhomogeneous and Instationary Plasma Columns with Considerable Self-Absorption
Authors: Meiners D. , Weber W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The complete lateral distributions of emitted intensity and optical thickness of the instationary plasma column are measured simultaneously by probing the plasma with its own radiation and recording both distributions on a single high-speed spectrum. From these lateral distributions the radial distributions of the coefficients of emission and absorption are calculated and by application of Kirchhoff's law the radial temperature distribution is determined. This new technique has been applied to an exploding wire plasma with 37 000 K on the axis. The mean deviations of three tem-perature distributions obtained by independent measurements at different wavelengths are less than 3 per cent.
Intramolecular Dipole Reorientation of Amino Compounds and their Interaction with Solvent Molecules. I
Authors: Eloranta Jaakko 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The dielectric absorption of dilute solutions of aniline, methyl substituted anilines, chlorine substituted anilines, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylene diamine and 4-aminobiphenyl in various sol-vents has been measured between 0.3 and 135 GHz. The measurements have been carried out at 20 °C and for some mesitylene solutions also at -30 °C and 60 °C. The absorption curves have been resolved into multiple absorption regions. A far infrared (FIR) term had to be included in each analysis. Its contribution to the total dipole reorientation depends on the solvent and on the mobility of the substituted groups in the phenyl ring. The obtained group relaxation times are longer than those reported previously and also their weight factors are smaller. Differences in the mobility of the amino group are observed in methyl substituted anilines. Methyl substituents in the amino group itself strongly reduce the mobility. The decrease in the group mobility parallels the increasing mesomeric interaction between the lone pair electrons in the nitrogen and the Π-electrons of the phenyl ring. In addition to the reorientation of the amino group of 4-aminobiphenyl another internal reorientation process is found which is attributed to a mesomeric charge shift. In-dications are obtained for weak association between some amino compounds and mesitylene.
A Mechanism for the Optical Nuclear Spin Alignment in Zero Magnetic Field
Authors: Colpa J.P. , Stehlik D 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Optical Nuclear Polarization (ONP) in molecular crystals is a consequence of the selective population and depopulation of the electronic magnetic sublevels of optically excited triplet states due to symmetry selection rules for the mixing of electronic states by spin orbit coupling. Two ONP-mechanisms have been proposed on this basis: The "relaxation"-mechanism, analogous to the Overhauser-effect, treats the optically produced distribution over the electronic magnetic sublevels as a steady state polarization which is transferred partially to the nuclear spin states via suitable hyperfine relaxation. The "crossing polarization"-mechanism takes into account in addition the mixing of states due to the hyperfine interaction in the electronic intersystem crossing processes. In this paper the latter mechanism is extended to a complete description of the dynamics of population and depopulation of the electronic and nuclear spin levels by including also all relaxation processes among the magnetic sublevels. It is shown that only in the extended form the mechanism can account for the experimentally observed optical nuclear spin alignment in zero external field.
Investigations on the CS2—O2 Chemical Laser
Authors: Sadie F. G. , Büger P. A. , Malan O. G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The reactions producing vibrationally excited CO in the continuous wave CS2 - O2 chemical laser are considered. Fundamental and overtone transitions were observed in the systems CS2 + O2, CS2 + N2O, O2 + CS and it is concluded that the two reactions O + CS → CO+S and O2 + CS → CO + SO are the reactions in which vibrationally excited CO are produced. The second reaction appears to be responsible for overtone laser action at low buffer gas partial pressures and low discharge currents.
Thermische Resonatoreffekte in organischen Farbstofflasern / Thermal Resonator Effects in Oiganis Dye Lasers
Authors: Zeidler G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Thermal resonator effects are studied in laser pumped organic dye lasers with the longitudinal pumping arrangement. If the distribution of the pump light is a Gaussion, a diverging lens is induced by the thermal gradient in the dye solution. This thermal lens was compensated by using a suitable resonator set-up with an adjustable telescope. Divergence and bandwidth of the tunable laser were reduced considerably by using the proper compensation. If the angular position of the pump beam is shifted, the axes of laser resonator and thermal lens are different, causing beam deflection and wavelength shifting of the output laser beam. Therefore, high stability and mode purity of the pump laser is important to get a well defined output laser beam.
Molekülstrukturbestimmung von Trimethylazidosilan mittels der Elektronenbeugung an Gasen
Authors: Dakkouri Marwan , Oberhammer Heinz 
Published: February 2015

The molecular structure of Trimethylazidosilane, (CH3)3SiNαNβNω, was determined by electron diffraction of gases. In contrary to published results this molecule has neither C3V- nor Cs-symmetry but C1-symmetry. The following results for the geometrical parameters were obtained:
ra(Nω-Nβ) =1.150 Å±0.011, ra(Nβ-Nα) =1.198Å±0.008, ra(Si-N)=1.734Å±0.007, ra(Si-C)=1.854Å±0.003, ra(C-H)=1.082Å±0.003,
∢Si-Nα-Nβ=128°±l.6°, ∢ᵨ=36.2°±4.9°
(ᵨ is the out-of C1SiNα-plane angel of the Azidodiaine about thel Si - Nα-bond),
∢Nα-Si-C1=107o±3.1o, ∢Nα-Si-C2=110.1°±3.2 ,∢Nα-Si-C3 = 105.2°±2.6°,
∢C1-Si-C2=110.4o±2.9°, ∢C1-Si-C3=108.8o±3.1°,
∢C1-Si-C3=115°±3.4°and ∢Si-C-H=114.2°±1.6°.
The Anisotropic Polarizability of a few Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Liptay W. , Schlosser H.-J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
For sufficiently symmetric molecules without a permanent electric dipole moment, it is shown that refractive indices, Kerr constants and electrooptical absorption measurements in suitable non-polar solvents can be utilized to determine the components αcgx, αgy, αgz of the polarizability tensor of solute molecules in the electronic ground state. Since the required quantities are avail-able for anthracene, tetracene, perylene and bianthryl, an evaluation of the polarizability tensor components is made possible.
In solutions where the solvent molecules possess a permanent electric dipole moment or a sufficiently large quadrupole moment, as for example benzene, the fluctuations of the reaction field cause a contribution to the Kerr constant which may be an essential reason for its solvent dependence.
Inkohärente Lichtstreuung an Ladungsdichteschwankungen schwach ionisierter Plasmen in Magnetfeldern / Incoherent Scattering of Light from Charge-Density Fluctuations in Weakly Ionized Magnetoplasmas
Authors: Klingenberg G. , Richter E. W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The spectral density of light scattering from weakly ionized plasmas embedded in a homogeneous magnetic field Bis given by the work of WILLIAMS and CHAPPELL 1, 2 and KLINGENBERG 3 . The spectral density has been computed for electron plasmas and is analyzed for the case k ⊥B ( is the difference between the wave vectors of the incident wave and the scattered wave) in the regimes k D ≫ 1 and k D ≪ 1 (D is the Debye length).
Über eine neue Klasse von Elektrolyten in verflüssigtem Schwefeldioxyd
Authors: Seel Fritz , Bauer Hans 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Die Säureradikale der Carbonsäuren - RCO - und salpetrigen Säure - NO - können in verflüssigtem Schwefeldioxyd als selbständige (solvatisierte) Kationen - RCO+, NO+ - auftreten, wie dies von Metall-, Hydronium- und Ammoniumionen in wäßrigen Systemen bekannt ist. Dies ist dadurch möglich, daß man den entsprechenden Säurehalogeniden - RCOCl, NOCl - durch Zusatz elektrophiler Komplexbildner, wie SbCl5, AlCl3, das Halogen alsAnion entziehen kann.
Es werden die Ergebnisse neuer Leitfähigkeitsuntersuchungen an solchen Systemen mitgeteilt sowie charakteristische „Ionenreaktionen“ dieser neuartigen Elektrolyte beschrieben.
Über ungewöhnliche Lichtabsorption einiger einfacher Indophenolfarbstoffe
Authors: Schulze Heinz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In der Gruppe der in der Regel blauen bis grünen Indophonole aus 1.2-Phenolcarbon-säureamiden und Phenylendiaminen wurden neue, sämtlich im Amidrest mit stark polaren Gruppen substituierte Farbstoffe gefunden, deren Absorptionsbanden in den Bereich kürzerer. Wellenlängen verschoben sind. Als Ursache für die Verschiebung werden Nebenvalenzkräfte angenommen.
Die Bildung des Spaltöffnungsmusters in der Blattepidermis
Authors: Bünning Erwin , Sagromsky Herta 
Published: February 2015

Die Verteilung der Spaltöffnungen in der Epidermis ist-auch dann keine Zufallsverteilung, wenn diese Spaltöffnungen nicht im Zuge einer bestimmten Teilungsfolge an so prädestinierten Stellen entstehen. Vielmehr bildet jede Spaltöffnung um sich eine Hemmzone, in der keine weiteren Spaltöffnungen entstehen können. Die Intensität der Hemmung nimmt mit zunehmender Entfernung von einer Spaltöffnung ab.
Die Untersuchungen begründen folgende Vorstellung: Die differentielle Teilung, die zur Bildung der Spaltöffnungsinitiale führt, kann in der Epidermis erst eintreten, wenn die Teilungsfähigkeit fast erloschen ist, wenn also offenbar ein Teilungshormon annähernd verbraucht ist. Die so entstandene Initiale, aus der entweder eine Spaltöffnung oder auch ein Haar entstehen kann, erwirbt mit der differentiellen Teilung mehrere neue Fähigkeiten; eine dieser Fähigkeiten führt auch zur Beeinflussung der Umgebung, es wird nämlich ein Teilungsstoff an die umgebenden Epidermiszellen abgegeben. Der Stoff kann in diesen umgebenden Zellen zu neuen Zellteilungen führen (Nebenzellbildung); auch in größerer Entfernung, wo die Konzentration nicht mehr zur Auslösung neuer Teilungen genügt, ist die Anwesenheit dieser Stoffe noch an ihrer positiv chemotaktischen Wirkung auf die Zellkerne feststellbar. Der von den Initialen abgegebene Teilungsstoff stellt in dieser Umgebung wieder den gleichen Zustand her, wie er in einer jüngeren Epidermiszelle herrschte, daher können in diesem Bereich ebenso wie in der jungen Epidermis nicht die differentiellen Teilungen stattfinden, die zur Bildung der Spaltöffnungsinitialen notwendig sind.
Die differentielle Teilung selber vollzieht sich so, daß sich das Plasma in der Zelle lokal anhäuft und die neue Wand, deren Entstehung von der Oberfläche der Plasmaanhäufung ausgeht, diese Anhäufung dann von der übrigen, größeren, aber viel plasmaärmeren Zelle abgrenzt.
Wenn sich die Epidermis vom Mesophyll lokal ablöst, kann eine Initiale ihre Hemmwirkung in diesem Gebiet nicht ausüben, so daß dann (wie etwa bei mehreren Begonia-Arten) Gruppen von Spaltöffnungen entstehen.
Den bei der Bildung der Spaltöffnungsinitialen und des Spaltöffnungsmusters geltenden Gesetzen kommt offenbar eine große Bedeutung bei den verschiedensten Teilvorgängen der pflanzlichen Gewebedifferenzierung zu.