bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial bioenergetics are not associated with myofibrillar protein synthesis rates
Authors: Holwerda Andrew M. , Dirks Marlou L. , Barbeau Pierre‐Andre , Goessens Joy , Gijsen Annemie , van Loon Luc J.C. , Holloway Graham P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMitochondria represent key organelles influencing cellular homeostasis and have been implicated in the signalling events regulating protein synthesis.MethodsWe examined whether mitochondrial bioenergetics (oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (H2O2) emission, ROS) measured in vitro in permeabilized muscle fibres represent regulatory factors for integrated daily muscle protein synthesis rates and skeletal muscle mass changes across the spectrum of physical activity, including free‐living and bed‐rest conditions: n = 19 healthy, young men (26 ± 4 years, 23.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2) and following 12 weeks of resistance‐type exercise training: n = 10 healthy older men (70 ± 3 years, 25.2 ± 2.1 kg/m2). Additionally, we evaluated the direct relationship between attenuated mitochondrial ROS emission and integrated daily myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis rates in genetically modified mice (mitochondrial‐targeted catalase, MCAT).ResultsNeither oxidative phosphorylation nor H2O2 emission were associated with muscle protein synthesis rates in healthy young men under free‐living conditions or following 1 week of bed rest (both P > 0.05). Greater increases in GSSG concentration were associated with greater skeletal muscle mass loss following bed rest (r = −0.49, P < 0.05). In older men, only submaximal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (corrected for mitochondrial content) was positively associated with myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during exercise training (r = 0.72, P < 0.05). However, changes in oxidative phosphorylation and H2O2 emission were not associated with changes in skeletal muscle mass following training (both P > 0.05). Additionally, MCAT mice displayed no differences in myofibrillar (2.62 ± 0.22 vs. 2.75 ± 0.15%/day) and sarcoplasmic (3.68 ± 0.35 vs. 3.54 ± 0.35%/day) protein synthesis rates when compared with wild‐type mice (both P > 0.05).ConclusionsMitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen emission do not seem to represent key factors regulating muscle protein synthesis or muscle mass regulation across the spectrum of physical activity.
Cementless TKA use as an alternative to cemented TKA in high BMI patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Le Giang Truong , van Duren Bernard Hendrick , Ilo Kevin , Berber Reshid , Matar Hosam E. , Bloch Benjamin V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeObesity is prevalent, with nearly one‐third of the world's population being classified as obese. In patients with high body mass index (BMI)/body mass undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA), there is an increase in strain placed on the implant fixation interfaces. As such, component fixation is a potential concern when performing TKA in the obese patient. To address the growing concerns around the longevity of implant fixation, some have advocated cementless over cemented fixation. However, there is no clear consensus on whether a cementless fixation has more favourable outcomes. The aim of this paper was to present a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the existing evidence to establish if cementless TKA has a lower rate of aseptic loosening in high BMI patients when compared to cemented TKA procedures.MethodsA systematic review was performed, and the following databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (1946 to date), PubMed (1966 to date) and Excerpta Medica Database (1974 to date) were searched. All studies comparing cementless to cemented TKA in patients with BMI > 30 were considered. Meta‐analysis compared aseptic loosening and all‐cause revision between cemented and uncemented implant use in BMI > 30 patients.ResultsThe search returned 91 articles in total; after duplicates were removed, the yield was 44 studies. Of the remaining studies that were assessed, three studies met the inclusion criteria for meta‐analysis. The pooled odds ratio for all‐cause revisions was 0.17 (95%, 0.08–0.36) in favour of uncemented implants (p < 0.01). The pooled odds ratio for aseptic loosening was 0.15 (95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.90) in favour of uncemented implants (p = 0.04).ConclusionsMeta‐analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in all‐cause revisions and revisions for aseptic loosening when using uncemented fixation in high BMI patients when compared to the use of cemented implants.Level of EvidenceThe level of evidence is 1 for our systematic review.
Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma interact with T cells in vitro and drive their differentiation into regulatory T‐cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaogang , Greve Patrick F. , Minh Thi Tran Ngoc , Wubbolts Richard , Demir Ayşe Y. , Zaal Esther A. , Berkers Celia R. , Boes Marianne , Stoorvogel Willem 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeminal plasma induces immune tolerance towards paternal allogenic antigens within the female reproductive tract and during foetal development. Recent evidence suggests a role for extracellular vesicles in seminal plasma (spEVs). We isolated spEVs from seminal plasma that was donated by vasectomized men, thereby excluding any contributions from the testis or epididymis. Previous analysis demonstrated that such isolated spEVs originate mainly from the prostate. Here we observed that when isolated fluorescently labelled spEVs were mixed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, they were endocytosed predominantly by monocytes, and to a lesser extent also by T‐cells. In a mixed lymphocyte reaction, T‐cell proliferation was inhibited by spEVs. A direct effect of spEVs on T‐cells was demonstrated when isolated T cells were activated by anti‐CD3/CD28 coated beads. Again, spEVs interfered with T cell proliferation, as well as with the expression of CD25 and the release of IFN‐γ, TNF, and IL‐2. Moreover, spEVs stimulated the expression of Foxp3 and IL‐10 by CD4+CD25+CD127‐ T cells, indicating differentiation into regulatory T‐cells (Tregs). Prior treatment of spEVs with proteinase K revoked their effects on T‐cells, indicating a requirement for surface‐exposed spEV proteins. The adenosine A2A receptor‐specific antagonist CPI‐444 also reduced effects of spEVs on T‐cells, consistent with the notion that the development of Tregs and their immune suppressive functions are under the influence of adenosine‐A2A receptor signalling. We found that adenosine is highly enriched in spEVs and propose that spEVs are targeted to and endocytosed by T‐cells, after which they may release their adenosine content into the lumen of endosomes, thus allowing endosome‐localized A2A receptor signalling in spEVs targeted T‐cells. Collectively, these data support the idea that spEVs can prime T cells directly for differentiation into Tregs.
Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: International consensus criteria for pediatric sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Watson James A. , Samuy Nichole 
Published: July 2024

GUIDELINE TITLE: International Consensus Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis and Septic ShockRELEASE DATE: January 21, 2024PRIOR VERSION(S): International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference: Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Dysfunction in Pediatrics (2005)DEVELOPER: Society of Critical Care MedicineFUNDING SOURCE: Society of Critical Care Medicine (grant R01HD105939 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)TARGET POPULATION: Children with sepsis and septic shock
A systematic review of MRI studies on the effects of maternal obesity on offspring brain structure and function
Authors: Parsaei Mohammadamin , Hashemi Seyedeh Melika , Moghaddam Hossein Sanjari , Peterson Bradley S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMaternal obesity before or during pregnancy has been associated previously in offspring with a wide range of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes and mental health problems. The effects of maternal obesity on offspring brain structure and function that may be responsible for these poor outcomes are not well understood. We, therefore, undertook a systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that have assessed the associations of maternal obesity with brain measures in offspring. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO on August 20, 2023. Of 15 eligible studies, seven employed functional MRI (fMRI), five diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and four anatomical MRI (one used both DTI and anatomical MRI) in the offspring. The ages of offspring varied widely: one was a study of fetuses in utero, five of neonates, one of infants, five of school‐aged children, two of both neonates and infants, and one of both children and adults. Collectively, 12 studies reported significant associations of maternal obesity with structural or functional alterations of the offspring's brain, most frequently in the prefrontal cortex and limbic system. In conclusion, maternal obesity appears to have a profound influence on offspring brain development, particularly within the prefrontal and limbic networks that regulate emotion and behavior. Further studies are needed to identify how changes in brain structure and function mediate the effects of maternal obesity on long‐term emotional and behavioral outcomes, as well as the molecular pathways through which maternal obesity alters offspring brain development.
Current status of wearable cardioverter‐defibrillator use in Japan
Authors: Tonegawa‐Kuji Reina , Nishida Taku , Sumita Yoko , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Kanaoka Koshiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe current status of wearable cardiovascular defibrillators (WCD) use in Japan is unclear.MethodsUsing a nationwide claims database of Japan, we assessed characteristics of patients using WCD and factors influencing subsequent implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) implantation.ResultsIn 1049 cases, those with prior cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) or ventricular arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, or device‐related issues were more likely to require permanent ICDs, whereas females were less likely.ConclusionsPrior CPA or fatal arrhythmia, underlying cardiomyopathy, or device‐related issues were associated with future permanent ICD implantation. These findings offer insights into the current status of WCD use in Japan.
Early nutritional influences on brain regions related to processing speed in children born preterm: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial
Authors: Bando Nicole , Sato Julie , Vandewouw Marlee M. , Taylor Margot J. , Tomlinson Christopher , Unger Sharon , Asbury Michelle R. , Law Nicole , Branson Helen M. , O'Connor Deborah L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundProcessing speed is a foundational skill supporting intelligence and executive function, areas often delayed in preterm‐born children. The impact of early‐life nutrition on gray matter facilitating processing speed for this vulnerable population is unknown.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence‐IV Processing Speed Index were acquired in forty 5‐year‐old children born preterm with very low birth weight. Macronutrient (grams per kilogram per day) and mother's milk (percentage of feeds) intakes were prospectively collected in the first postnatal month and associations between early‐life nutrition and the primary outcome of brain regions supporting processing speed were investigated.ResultsChildren had a mean (SD) gestational age of 27.8 (1.8) weeks and 45% were male. Macronutrient intakes were unrelated, but mother's milk was positively related, to greater volumes in brain regions, including total cortical gray matter, cingulate gyri, and occipital gyri.ConclusionFirst postnatal month macronutrient intakes showed no association, but mother's milk was positively associated, with volumetric measures of total and regional cortical gray matter related to processing speed in preterm‐born children. This exploratory analysis suggests early‐life mother's milk supports processing speed by impacting structural underpinnings. Further research is needed on this potential strategy to improve preterm outcomes.
Impact of Applicant Signaling for Otolaryngology Interviews
Authors: Yousef Andrew , Nichol Ariadne , Watson Deborah 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo assess applicant opinions regarding program signaling and to understand the effect of 25 signals on interview outcomes during the 2023–2024 otolaryngology residency cycle.MethodsA 36‐item anonymous online survey regarding signaling was sent to applicants who had applied to an otolaryngology residency program at a single institution. Participant demographics, performance in medical school, number of interviews received in relation to signals sent, and applicant perceptions regarding preference signaling were assessed.ResultsEighty‐one applicants participated with a response rate of 30%. Students applied to a median of 64 programs. Approximately 84.4% of interview offers came from programs which the participants signaled. Participants were 5.4 times more likely to get an interview from a program they signaled over programs they did not signal (F = 31.73, p < 0.001). The most common factors that influenced which programs were chosen by candidates were: location (94.9%), departmental reputation (80.8%), and experience on a sub‐internship rotation (69.2%). Overall, 73.0% of participants found signaling helpful and 82.0% agreed that signaling should continue.ConclusionUnderstanding the implications of a high‐signaling application process in otolaryngology is crucial. Twenty‐five signals led to 84% of interview offers coming from signaled programs and this was the most important variable associated with interview invitations. Location was the most prevalent factor when deciding where to signal. Signaling was well reviewed by most applicants.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2024
Cavity‐Enhanced Superfluorescence Stimulates Coherent Energy Transfer in a Perovskite Quantum Dot Superlattice
Authors: Hu Yongsheng , Mao Danqun , Chen Linqi , Guan Yuanjun , Zhang Long , Dong Hongxing , Xu Hongxing , Xie Wei , Sun Zheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe exploration of cooperative states in many‐body systems is a key research area. It focuses on superfluorescence (SF), a phenomenon linked with radiative dipole coupling, and its intersection with classical lasing effects. This produces a unique lasing‐field‐hybrid cooperative dipole (LCD) state through optical cavity‐enhanced superfluorescence (CESF). A coherent energy transfer is demonstrated between two such states within a perovskite quantum dot (QD) superlattice. This results in competitive luminescence timing dynamics. The findings reveal that stimulated energy transfer occurs when two cooperative cavity‐exciton states coexist, controllable via a dual‐pulse pump technique. This understanding is vital for advancing quantum phenomena knowledge and enhancing optoelectronic devices.
Exosome nanovesicles: biomarkers and new strategies for treatment of human diseases
Authors: Xu Chuan , Jiang Chaoyang , Li Zhihui , Gao Hui , Xian Jing , Guo Wenyan , He Dan , Peng Xingchen , Zhou Daijun , Li Dong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExosomes are nanoscale vesicles of cellular origin. One of the main characteristics of exosomes is their ability to carry a wide range of biomolecules from their parental cells, which are important mediators of intercellular communication and play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes have the advantages of biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and wide biodistribution. As researchers’ understanding of exosomes has increased, various strategies have been proposed for their use in diagnosing and treating diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the biogenesis and composition of exosomes, describe the relationship between exosomes and disease progression, and focus on the use of exosomes as biomarkers for early screening, disease monitoring, and guiding therapy in refractory diseases such as tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. We also summarize the current applications of exosomes, especially engineered exosomes, for efficient drug delivery, targeted therapies, gene therapies, and immune vaccines. Finally, the current challenges and potential research directions for the clinical application of exosomes are also discussed. In conclusion, exosomes, as an emerging molecule that can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, combined with multidisciplinary innovative solutions, will play an important role in clinical applications.
Synonymous variant at the terminal nucleotide in exon 3 of F7 causes abnormal splicing: A case report
Authors: Wang Liya , Zeng Wenshan , Qian Yeqing , Sun Yixi , Chen Min , Liu Bei , Hu Junjie , Yu Ping , Dong Minyue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSynonymous variants are non‐pathogenic due to non‐substitution of amino acids. However, synonymous exonic terminal nucleotide substitutions may affect splicing. Splicing variants are easily analyzed at RNA level for genes expressed in blood cells. Minigene analysis provides another method for splicing variant analysis of genes that are poorly or not expressed in peripheral blood.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was performed to screen for potential pathogenic mutations in the proband, which were validated within the family by Sanger sequencing. The pathogenicity of the synonymous mutation was analyzed using the minigene technology.ResultsThe proband harbored the compound heterogeneous variants c. [291G >A; 572‐50C >T] and c.681 + 1G >T in F7, of which the synonymous variant c.291G >A was located at the terminal position of exon 3. Minigene analysis revealed exon3 skipping due to this mutation, which may have subsequently affected protein sequence, structure, and function.ConclusionOur finding confirmed the pathogenicity of c.291G >A, thus extending the pathogenic mutation spectrum of F7, and providing insights for effective reproductive counseling.
Unsupervised shape‐and‐texture‐based generative adversarial tuning of pre‐trained networks for carotid segmentation from 3D ultrasound images
Authors: Chen Zhaozheng , Jiang Mingjie , Chiu Bernard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundVessel‐wall volume and localized three‐dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) metrics are sensitive to the change of carotid atherosclerosis in response to medical/dietary interventions. Manual segmentation of the media‐adventitia boundary (MAB) and lumen‐intima boundary (LIB) required to obtain these metrics is time‐consuming and prone to observer variability. Although supervised deep‐learning segmentation models have been proposed, training of these models requires a sizeable manually segmented training set, making larger clinical studies prohibitive.PurposeWe aim to develop a method to optimize pre‐trained segmentation models without requiring manual segmentation to supervise the fine‐tuning process.MethodsWe developed an adversarial framework called the unsupervised shape‐and‐texture generative adversarial network (USTGAN) to fine‐tune a convolutional neural network (CNN) pre‐trained on a source dataset for accurate segmentation of a target dataset. The network integrates a novel texture‐based discriminator with a shape‐based discriminator, which together provide feedback for the CNN to segment the target images in a similar way as the source images. The texture‐based discriminator increases the accuracy of the CNN in locating the artery, thereby lowering the number of failed segmentations. Failed segmentation was further reduced by a self‐checking mechanism to flag longitudinal discontinuity of the artery and by self‐correction strategies involving surface interpolation followed by a case‐specific tuning of the CNN. The U‐Net was pre‐trained by the source dataset involving 224 3DUS volumes with 136, 44, and 44 volumes in the training, validation and testing sets. The training of USTGAN involved the same training group of 136 volumes in the source dataset and 533 volumes in the target dataset. No segmented boundaries for the target cohort were available for training USTGAN. The validation and testing of USTGAN involved 118 and 104 volumes from the target cohort, respectively. The segmentation accuracy was quantified by Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), and incorrect localization rate (ILR). Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference multiple comparison test was employed to quantify the difference of DSCs between models and settings, where was considered statistically significant.ResultsUSTGAN attained a DSC of % in LIB and % in MAB, improving from the baseline performance of % in LIB (p ) and % in MAB (p ). Our approach outperformed six state‐of‐the‐art domain‐adaptation models (MAB: , LIB: ). The proposed USTGAN also had the lowest ILR among the methods compared (LIB: 2.5%, MAB: 1.7%).ConclusionOur framework improves segmentation generalizability, thereby facilitating efficient carotid disease monitoring in multicenter trials and in clinics with less expertise in 3DUS imaging.
Efficient segmentation of fetal brain MRI based on the physical resolution
Authors: Xu Yunzhi , Li Jiaxin , Feng Xue , Qing Kun , Wu Dan , Zhao Li ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe image resolution of fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a critical factor in brain development measures, which is mainly determined by the physical resolution configured in the MRI sequence. However, fetal brain MRI are commonly reconstructed to 3D images with a higher apparent resolution, compared to the original physical resolution.PurposeThis work is to demonstrate that accurate segmentation can be achieved based on the MRI physical resolution, and the high apparent resolution segmentation can be achieved by a simple deep learning module.MethodsThis retrospective study included 150 adult and 80 fetal brain MRIs. The adult brain MRIs were acquired at a high physical resolution, which were downsampled to visualize and quantify its impacts on the segmentation accuracy. The physical resolution of fetal images was estimated based on MRI acquisition settings and the images were downsampled accordingly before segmentation and restored using multiple upsampling strategies. Segmentation accuracy of ConvNet models were evaluated on the original and downsampled images. Dice coefficients were calculated, and compared to the original data.ResultsWhen the apparent resolution was higher than the physical resolution, the accuracy of fetal brain segmentation had negligible degradation (accuracy reduced by 0.26%, 1.1%, and 1.8% with downsampling factors of 4/3, 2, and 4 in each dimension, without significant differences from the original data). Using a downsampling factor of 4 in each dimension, the proposed method provided 7× smaller and 10× faster models.ConclusionEfficient and accurate fetal brain segmentation models can be developed based on the physical resolution of MRI acquisitions.