bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bycatch mortality can cause extirpation in four freshwater turtle species
Authors: Midwood Jonathan D. , Cairns Nicholas A. , Stoot Lauren J. , Cooke Steven J. , Blouin‐Demers Gabriel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBycatch of non‐target species in commercial fishing nets can have adverse impacts on their populations. Freshwater turtle populations are particularly susceptible to increases in adult mortality, and freshwater turtles are among the most threatened vertebrates.As a case study, the population‐level impacts of bycatch mortality on freshwater turtles were evaluated in Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada, a lake that supports a small‐scale commercial fishery. Using population viability analyses, the impacts of bycatch on common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina), eastern musk turtles (Sternotherus odoratus), northern map turtles (Graptemys geographica), and painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) were evaluated.In all four species, even low levels of additional annual female mortality as a result of bycatch were sufficient either to reduce population size or to cause extirpation of the local population within 500 years. Bycatch reduction programmes, such as seasonal closures and implementation of bycatch reduction devices, can help alleviate the risk of extirpation. Changes to fishing season length could help reduce the number of snapping turtles and musk turtles captured. Installation of simple bycatch reduction devices can exclude between 95% and 100% of snapping turtles and between 0% and 97% of the other three species, depending on the width of the exclusion device. If combined, these two bycatch reduction methods would help prevent adult female mortality and help maintain turtle populations in Lake Opinicon.Although these findings are specific to the study area, the same principles apply to other areas where similar simple bycatch reduction strategies can be employed to prevent the extirpation of other freshwater turtle species. Considering the consequences of bycatch and of bycatch reduction programmes on populations provides managers with important information to support development of risk‐averse conservation strategies.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Root Canal Morphology of Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Human Populations of El Mirador Cave (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)
Authors: Ceperuelo Dolors , Lozano Marina , Duran‐Sindreu Fernando , Mercadé Montse 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThis study provides a morphological characterization of the inner anatomy of the root canals of permanent first and second molars in Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age human fossils using cone‐beam computed tomography. The general evolutionary trend in present‐day human dentition is related to morphological simplification. As little is known about when this trend appeared in Homo sapiens populations, the aim of this work is to test the presence of modern radicular morphology 4,400 years ago. Fifty‐four permanent first and second maxillary and mandibular molars of 17 individuals were included in the study. All maxillary first and second molars showed three separate roots. Almost all the lower molars analyzed (100% of first molars and 75% of second molars) had two separate roots. More differences in the canal system configuration were documented in the maxillary mesiobuccal roots than in the palatal or distobuccal roots. The most variable tooth in root and canal configuration is the maxillary second molar. It should be pointed out that 12.5% of the teeth analyzed showed a C‐shaped root configuration. Anat Rec, 297:2342–2348, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impaired Suppressive Capacity of Activation‐Induced Regulatory B Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Gao Nele , Dresel Julia , Eckstein Volker , Gellert Rimma , Störch Hannah , Venigalla Ram K. C. , Schwenger Vedat , Max Regina , Blank Norbert , Lorenz Hanns‐Martin , Tretter Theresa 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveB cells with immunoregulatory properties (Breg cells) have been described in mice, but their role in the control of human immune responses is not well defined. We recently identified a human population of activated FSChigh B cells that exhibited regulatory activity toward T helper cells. The aim of the present study was to test such induced Breg (iBreg) cells in patients with autoimmune disease.MethodsPurified CD19+FSChigh B cells derived from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or from healthy donors, which were activated via their B cell receptor, were cocultured with CD3‐stimulated CD4+ T helper cells from SLE patients or healthy donors. 3H‐thymidine incorporation, flow cytometry, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to analyze proliferation, cytokine secretion, and surface marker expression.ResultsAlthough under costimulatory conditions, FSChigh SLE B cells supported the proliferation of healthy donor T cells to a similar extent as donor B cells, their regulatory function was significantly diminished in B cell suppressor assays. Similar effects were seen when SLE T cells were used, confirming that SLE T cells were equally susceptible to iBreg cell signals as healthy donor T cells and that SLE iBreg cell defects were independent of T cell origin. B cell viability and expression of surface markers (CD25, CD80, and B7‐H1) or cytokines (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], tumor necrosis factor α, and IL‐10) were comparable in the two B cell populations. There was no correlation between the extent of iBreg cell–induced inhibition and disease activity. CD19+FSChigh B cells from patients with another systemic autoimmune disease, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA), exhibited no regulatory defects, which suggests that the iBreg cell defects were SLE‐specific and not a general consequence of autoimmunity or inflammation.ConclusionInduced Breg cells from SLE patients, but not GPA patients, are less effective in the control of T helper cell proliferation, which supports the reported skewed B cell repertoire in SLE. The malfunctioning SLE iBreg cells might allow the overstimulation of immune responses and contribute to the initiation and/or perpetuation of disease.
Brief Report: Identification of MTMR3 as a Novel Susceptibility Gene for Lupus Nephritis in Northern Han Chinese by Shared‐Gene Analysis With IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Zhou Xu‐jie , Nath Swapan K. , Qi Yuan‐yuan , Cheng Fa‐juan , Yang Hai‐zhen , Zhang Yan , Yang Wanling , Ma Jian‐yang , Zhao Ming‐hui , Shen Nan , Zhang Hong 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveSeveral novel susceptibility genes for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and IgA nephropathy have been identified in recent genome‐wide association studies. Since both lupus nephritis and IgA nephropathy are autoimmune diseases of the kidney, they may share common disease mechanisms that overlap with genetic susceptibility. To test this hypothesis, we sought to identify genetic variants associated with IgA nephropathy in lupus nephritis.MethodsIn the first stage, 500 patients with lupus nephritis, 240 SLE patients without nephritis, and 500 healthy controls were enrolled. Fifteen single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that had the topmost association signals with IgA nephropathy were selected for further testing in patients with lupus nephritis. Three independent cohorts from Beijing, Shanghai, and Hong Kong were included as replicates. We also analyzed the functional significance of identified noncoding variants on regulatory motifs and gene expression. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.ResultsIn addition to associations with HLA gene polymorphisms, genetic variants of MTMR3 in 22q12 showed associations with lupus nephritis (for rs9983A, OR 1.61 [95% CI 1.19–2.19], P = 2.07 × 10−3) compared to healthy controls in the first stage. Associations were replicated and reinforced among northern Han Chinese (for lupus nephritis patients versus SLE patients without nephritis, P = 0.01) but not southern Han Chinese, although significant genetic heterogeneity was observed. Conservative and regulatory features of rs9983 were predicted in in silico analyses. In expression analysis, we observed lower MTMR3 transcription levels in samples of blood with rs9983A and in renal biopsy samples from lupus nephritis and IgA nephropathy patients.ConclusionOur results suggest that the MTMR3 gene is shared between IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis in the northern Chinese population, further highlighting the role of autophagy in SLE. However, widespread replication of these experiments, fine mapping, and functional assays are required to establish this connection.
Spectroscopy and docking simulations of the interaction between lochnericine and bovine serum albumin
Authors: Wang Qing , He Jiawei , Yan Jin , Wu Di , Li Hui 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTLochnericine (LOC) is a component of Voacanga africana, which is a type of traditional medical food in Africa widely used for treating diseases. In this article, the interaction between LOC and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and circular dichroism (CD) were used to investigate the structural changes of BSA. The experimental results consistently indicated that LOC changed the secondary structure of BSA. Three structure‐similar components were used to study the interference experiments. The molecular modeling results showed that LOC could bind within not only sites I and II, but also bind the cavity of subdomain IB. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scale‐down characterization of post‐centrifuge flocculation processes for high‐throughput process development
Authors: Espuny Garcia del Real Georgina , Davies Jim , Bracewell Daniel G. 
Published: June 2014

ABCTRACTFlocculation unit operations are being revisited as a strategy to ease the burden posed on clarification and purification operations by the increasingly high cell density cultures used in the biopharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the key process parameters impacting flocculation scale‐up and use this understanding to develop an automated ultra‐scale down (USD) method for the rapid characterization of flocculation at the microliter scale. The conditions under which flocculation performance of a non‐geometrically similar vessel three orders of magnitude larger can be mimicked by the USD platform are reported. Saccharomyces cerevisiae clarified homogenate was flocculated with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) to remove the residual solids remaining in the centrate. Flocculant addition time modulated flocculation performance depending on the predominant mixing time scale (i.e. macro‐, meso‐ or micromixing). Particle growth and breakage was mimicked at the two flocculation scales by the average turbulent energy dissipation (ϵavg) and impeller tip speed (vtip) scale‐up bases. The results obtained were used to develop an USD method. The USD method proposed uses constant ϵavg as the scale‐up basis under a micromixing controlled regime. These conditions mimicked the STR flocculation performance within a ±5% error margin. Operation in the mesomixing regime led to particle size deviations between the flocculation scales of ≤50 %. These results, in addition to the microscopic observations made, demonstrate the USD system presented in this work can produce process‐relevant flocculated material at the microliter scale under the correct operating conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2486–2498. © 2014 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Some points about ASIS&T global initiatives
Authors: Sonnenwald Diane H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEDITOR'S SUMMARYASIS&T has long been open to members and collaborations beyond North American borders but is intensifying efforts to strengthen and expand its global influence. Special Interest Group/International Information Issues (SIG/III) serves as a foundation for awareness and outreach, and the Association name change is a meaningful reflection and reinforcement of a broader perspective. It is hoped that the European and the newly established Asia Pacific chapters will be the first of many more groups outside the United States and Canada to support international networking. ASIS&T has committed to link membership fees to national ranking on the United Nations Human Development Index, locate the 2016 Annual Meeting in Europe and delete language in websites, honors and policies that implies any national limitations. With ongoing diligence and support, an active international membership and global collaborations will be the norm.
Information policy: Global issues and opportunities for engagement
Authors: Unsworth Kristene 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEDITOR'S SUMMARYASIS&T Special Interest Group/Information Policy (SIG/IFP) is dedicated to exploring information policy, its development and its broad effects throughout society. A definition of information policy must incorporate laws and practices on the creation, use, preservation and flow of both information and data. In a digital world enabling data and information to have a global reach, information policies vary widely, specified or unstated, and differing dramatically by region, with no consistent expectation or legal protection. The resulting inconsistency affects data privacy, literacy, digital rights and information access. Information professionals are often in position to play important roles in information policy creation and implementation. To promote ASIS&T's presence in information policy issues, SIG/IFP will collaborate with other SIGs for topical webinars, promote discussions on information ethics, education and digital rights and government information and present papers and panels at the 2014 Annual Meeting.
Redox Chemistry of Heteropolyacid Microemulsions
Authors: Bera Mrinal K. , Bray Travis H. , Ellis Ross J. , Antonio Mark R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractInsight from electroanalysis studies of dense fluid phases (known as “third” phases) in the Keggin heteropolyacid tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP) system is provided. The differences between the H3PW12O40 and H4SiW12O40 redox chemistry in the third phases and in bulk aqueous electrolytes reflect the differences in the formal charge of the protonated acid solvates of TBP in the low dielectric organic media and the deprotonated anions in the high dielectric aqueous media. The faradaic W‐based redox activity leading to heteropoly blue entities drives concerted proton transfer across the organic‐analyte–aqueous‐electrolyte phase boundary in both the heteropolyacid microemulsions (formed by solvent extraction) and the molecular liquids (formed by dissolution) to maintain charge neutrality in the organic phases. This study of heteropolyacid third phases complements the emerging field of mesoscale sciences with polyoxometalates and their electrochemical properties.
Multiple mobile sink‐based routing algorithm for data dissemination in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang Jin , Zuo Liwu , Shen Jian , Li Bin , Lee Sungyoung 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIn recent years, many energy‐efficient algorithms and data dissemination protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Because sensor nodes close to sink node have more traffic loads, they will quickly deplete their limited energy in practical implementation, and it will finally lead to energy hole and network partition problem. Adding sink mobility into sensor networks can bring in new opportunities to improve energy efficiency for WSNs. In this paper, we proposed our multiple mobile sink‐based routing algorithm for data dissemination to improve WSNs performance. Multiple mobile sinks will be utilized to collect the interested raw data. They will move back and forth along predetermined paths; one of which is the diameter of the circle, and the other two are fixed on arc lines. Mobile sinks will sojourn at some fixed points to collect raw data from relevant areas. Extensive simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can efficiently mitigate the hot spots problem and prolong the network lifetime of WSNs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural design of masonry for fire resistance according to Eurocode 6 / Brandschutzbemessung von Mauerwerk nach Eurocode 6
Authors: Schlundt Andreas , Meyer Udo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFollowing the publication of the National Annex to Eurocode 6 Part 1‐2 in June 2013, all documents are now available for the structural fire design of masonry in accordance with the Eurocode. As Eurocode 6 has been declared of equivalent value by the Expert Commission for Construction Technology, it is now ready to be applied in Germany. In spite of the changeover to the European concept, including the introduction of newly defined fire resistance classes, the Eurocode 6 tables for determining the duration of fire resistance as a function of the wall thickness are nearly unchanged compared to the familiar values in DIN 4102‐4. The few changes and adaptations to the current state of technology are discussed here and explained. The emphasis of the new approach is that the changed vertical loadbearing capacities – in accordance with EN 1996 – and their effect on fire resistance are taken into account.
Testing of small‐scale models of masonry buildings on simple earthquake simulators: possibilities and limits / Tests mit kleinformatigen Modellen von Mauerwerksgebäuden auf einfachen Erdbebensimulatoren: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Authors: Tomaževič Miha 
Published: June 2014

AbstractExperience regarding the testing of models of masonry buildings on simple shaking tables is discussed. It is stressed that because scale effects affect some phenomena and influence the dynamic response, only overall seismic behaviour of structural systems can be studied by testing reduced size models, and not structural details. The basic principles of physical modelling are explained and options for preparing different types of models presented. The test facility, needed for simulation of earthquake ground motion, is described and pointers are given for the selection of simulated earthquakes. Some practical cases of model shaking table studies are also presented.
Seismic analysis of masonry structures in German earthquake zones according to DIN EN 1998‐1 / Erdbebenbemessung von Mauerwerksbauten in deutschen Erdbebengebieten nach DIN EN 1998‐1
Authors: Gellert Christoph , Butenweg Christoph 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe earthquakes in Albstadt in 1978 (magnitude 5.7), Roermond in 1992 (magnitude 5.9), and Waldkirch in 2004 (magnitude 5.1) have made it clear that earthquake‐resistant design of ma‐ sonry structures is also very important in Germany. In 1981, DIN 4149 (1981) “Buildings in German earthquake areas – Design loads, analysis, and structural design of buildings” was introduced, although it only contained a few requirements for masonry structures. This standard was completely revised by the Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee “Earthquakes; Special issues” of the German Institute for Standardization (DIN) on the basis of Eurocode 8 (2004) and was replaced by DIN 4149 (2005), which contains detailed rules for the seismic design of masonry structures. In the meantime, DIN EN 1998‐1 (2010) and the national annex DIN EN 1998‐1/NA (2011) became available, which were adopted by the building supervisory board after integrating the results of application tests performed and replace DIN 4149 (2005). The following article provides an overview of the seismic calculation and analysis of masonry structures according to the European codes and illustrates their application on a sample structure.
The M1 energy‐plus masonry house / Das M1 Energieeffizienzhaus Plus
Authors: Schoch Torsten 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMasonry construction – the dominant construction style for new residential buildings in Germany – can and must demonstrate its sustainability in terms of energy‐efficiency. The M1 energy‐plus masonry house is a pilot project that provides the first practical demonstration of how the benefits of masonry construction – such as its loadbearing capacity, fire safety and sound insulation – can be combined with current and anticipated energy‐efficiency standards. A compound blockwork system with different bulk densities and strength classes has been used here for the first time, combining all the advantages of high thermal insulation and heat storage in a monolithic construction (YTONG Energy ). With simple, well‐thought‐out design details and carefully matched technical construction equipment, masonry energy‐plus houses are no longer just a vision. The main focus of the M1 project is to develop a cost‐efficient and saleable product which opens up new opportunities for consumers, designers and developers alike.
Merrilliadione – a Rare Isopropyl (13→11)‐abeo‐9,11‐seco Abietane Diterpene from Illicium merrillianum
Authors: Tian Xinhui , Yue Rongcai , Zhang Shoude , Shen Yunheng , Ye Ji , Shan Lei , Li Huiliang , Wen Bo , Xu Xike , Zhang Weidong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMerrilliadione (1), a new diterpene with a unique isopropyl (13→11)‐abeo‐9,11‐seco‐abietane skeleton, and two new abietane diterpenoids (2 and 3) were isolated from Illicium merrillianum. This is the first report of an isopropyl (13→11)‐abeo‐9,11‐seco abietane diterpenoid. The structures of 1–3 were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and quantum chemical computation of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.
Interference‐tolerating transmission protocol design for three‐cell systems
Authors: Li Chunguo , Wang Peng , Sun Fan , Cioffi John M. , Yang Luxi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe three‐cell system each having one cell‐edge mobile terminal (MT) is studied for the scenario of each MT only receiving the interference from the adjacent cell. Based on the observations that the inter‐cell interference could be exploited as a positive role, a two‐time‐slot‐based transmission protocol is designed for this system by allowing the existence of the interference received at MT, which saves one time slot over the conventional time division multiple access yet introduces the inter‐cell interference. In order to tackle the interference at the cell‐edge users, the problem for designing the precoder of the base station in these two time slots is proposed to achieve the potential gain from the new transmission protocol. In this paper, the well‐known criterion of the signal‐to‐leakage‐plus‐noise ratio is employed for designing the precoder in a closed‐form expression to demonstrate the significant gain of the new transmission protocol. Furthermore, an adaptive receiver is designed based on the linear and the nonlinear receivers to further suppress the inter‐cell interference. Simulation results have demonstrated the gain of the designed protocol, the optimised precoder and the adaptive receiver. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.