bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor Regression Grading After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma Revisited: Updated Results of the CAO/ARO/AIO-94 Trial
Authors: Fokas Emmanouil , Liersch Torsten , Fietkau Rainer , Hohenberger Werner , Beissbarth Tim , Hess Clemens , Becker Heinz , Ghadimi Michael , Mrak Karl , Merkel Susanne , Raab Hans-Rudolf , Sauer Rolf , Wittekind Christian , Rödel Claus 
Published: April 2014

Purpose We previously described the prognostic impact of tumor regression grading (TRG) on the outcome of patients with rectal carcinoma treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in the CAO/ARO/AIO-94 trial. Here we report long-term results after a median follow-up of 132 months. Patients and Methods TRG after preoperative CRT was determined in 386 surgical specimens by the amount of viable tumor cells versus fibrosis, ranging from TRG 4 (no viable tumor cells) to TRG 0 (no signs of regression). Clinicopathologic parameters and TRG were correlated to the cumulative incidence of local recurrence, distant metastasis, and disease-free survival (DFS). Results Ten-year cumulative incidence of distant metastasis and DFS were 10.5% and 89.5% for patients with TRG 4 (complete regression), 29.3% and 73.6% for TRG 2 and 3 (intermediate regression), and 39.6% and 63% for TRG 0 and 1 (poor regression), respectively (P = .005 and P = .008, respectively). On multivariable analysis, residual lymph node metastasis (ypN+) and TRG were the only independent prognostic factors for cumulative incidence of distant metastasis (P < .001 and P = .035, respectively) and DFS (P < .001 and P = .039, respectively), whereas local recurrence was significantly affected by ypN status (P < .001) and lymphatic invasion (P = .026). Conclusion Complete and intermediate tumor regressions were associated with improved long-term outcome in patients with rectal carcinoma after preoperative CRT independent of clinicopathologic parameters. This classification system needs to be prospectively tested in multiple data sets to validate its reproducibility in a wider setting.
Synthesis and Self-assembling Properties of Pt-Complex-bound Oligo(glutamic acid)s
Authors: Takaya Hikaru , Isozaki Katsuhiro , Haga Yusuke , Ogata Kazuki , Naota Takeshi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Novel Pt-complex-bound oligo(glutamic acid)s were synthesized by two different routes: postmetalation of peptides and stepwise conjugation of metalated amino acids. Sonication-induced supramolecular gel formation of a N- and C-dual-alkylated Pt-bound tripeptide was observed in EtOAc and toluene.
The Reaction of Stock Returns to News About Fundamentals
Authors: Cenesizoglu Tolga 
Published: April 2014

In good times, stock prices react negatively to good news and positively to bad news, whereas in bad times, they react positively to good news and negatively to bad news. To account for this stylized fact, we consider an asset pricing model where the dividend growth rate switches between different values depending on the underlying state of the economy. Investors never observe the true dividend growth rate, but learn about it through not only its realizations but also external signals such as macroeconomic indicators. Under plausible assumptions, the differing precision of external signals across different states of the economy can change the sign of the market reaction to news from external signals in good and bad times. This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, finance.
Dental Services: A Nationwide Study of Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) Waiver Service Allocation
Authors: Friedman Carli , Rizzolo Mary C. , Schindler Abigail 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDespite literature that highlights the dental needs of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), very few of these people receive adequate dental care. To determine whether Medicaid home and community-based services (HCBS) waivers address the dental-services gaps left by Medicaid state plans, this study examined the dental services proposed for fiscal year (FY) 2011 in 95 Medicaid HCBS waiver applications relating to individuals with IDD. Less than 20% of the waivers examined offered any type of dental service. This study also examined 88 FY 2010 HBCS waiver applications to determine changes from 2010 to 2011. Although increases were found from FY 2010 to FY 2011 in both spending for dental services and number of proposed participants, our results indicate that only a fraction of states are using HCBS waivers to address gaps in dental coverage for adults with IDD.
From Research to Practice: Knowledge Translation in Job Development
Authors: Hall Allison Cohen , Bose Jennifer , Winsor Jean E. , Migliore Alberto 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Researchers consider job developers key to the successful negotiation of the complex factors that people with intellectual disability face when pursuing employment. Unfortunately, knowledge about the characteristics and their use of research tested strategies in job development is limited. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the practices and attitudes of job developers and the implementation of best practices as described in the literature. The current study is an outgrowth of a large online survey of job development practices (Migliore, Hall, Butterworth, & Winsor, 2010). Researchers reached out to a subset of survey participants via telephone and conducted qualitative interviews with eight job developers. Findings from this study further explain the conclusions of Migliore et al. (2010) regarding the gap between the literature and field. Findings from the study also indicate that the issues, challenges, and strategies that job developers use with each customer group (families, individuals, and employers) are not necessarily seen as transferrable among the different groups. Implications and recommendations are based on research that supports a combination of formal training on best practices in job development and opportunities for job developers to learn informally from one another.
Practical Immunoaffinity-Enrichment LC-MS for Measuring Protein Kinetics of Low-Abundance Proteins
Authors: Lassman Michael E , McAvoy Thomas , Lee Anita Y H , Chappell Derek , Wong Oitak , Zhou Haihong , Reyes-Soffer Gissette , Ginsberg Henry N , Millar John S , Rader Daniel J , Gutstein David E , Laterza Omar 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDFor a more complete understanding of pharmacodynamic, metabolic, and pathophysiologic effects, protein kinetics, such as production rate and fractional catabolic rate, can offer substantially more information than protein concentration alone. Kinetic experiments with stable isotope tracers typically require laborious sample preparation and are most often used for studying abundant proteins. Here we describe a practical methodology for measuring isotope enrichment into low-abundance proteins that uses an automated procedure and immunoaffinity enrichment (IA) with LC-MS. Low-abundance plasma proteins cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) were studied as examples.METHODSHuman participants (n = 39) were infused with [2H3]leucine, and blood samples were collected at multiple time points. Sample preparation and analysis were automated and multiplexed to increase throughput. Proteins were concentrated from plasma by use of IA and digested with trypsin to yield proteotypic peptides that were analyzed by microflow chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure isotope enrichment.RESULTSThe IA procedure was optimized to provide the greatest signal intensity. Use of a gel-free method increased throughput while increasing the signal. The intra- and interassay CVs were &lt;15% at all isotope enrichment levels studied. More than 1400 samples were analyzed in &lt;3 weeks without the need for instrument stoppages or user interventions.CONCLUSIONSThe use of automated gel-free methods to multiplex the measurement of isotope enrichment was applied to the low-abundance proteins CETP and PCSK9.
Relaying the message of climate change: The IPCC experts comment on media coverage of scientific consensus
Authors: González Cortés María Eugenia 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In the last few years, the issue of climate change has become a universal topic and its presence in political, institutional, social and media agendas continues to increase, due to its future repercussions and its current consequences, which are already evident in many points of the globe. This article expounds on the prevailing current of thought amongst the members of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in particular amongst those coming from the Mediterranean-Latin American region. In line with what Vidal Beneyto (2008) asserts, it is assumed that the countries in this region share sufficient elements (history, languages, politics, etc.) to be part of the same study area. In total, 157 environmental scientists were invited to take part in a survey which examines the following issues amongst others: 1) the existing scientific consensus about global warming and climate change; 2) the degree of agreement between the scientific and media discourses; 3) the main errors transmitted by the media to public opinion; and 4) possible strategies to transmit truthful information about climate change that will bring about the adoption of measures to mitigate its effects. Twenty-seven experts collaborated in the study. Their responses have been translated directly into English and treated anonymously.
Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis and Association Study Identifies Loci for Polydactyly in Chickens
Authors: Sun Yanfa , Liu Ranran , Zhao Guiping , Zheng Maiqing , Sun Yan , Yu Xiaoqiong , Li Peng , Wen Jie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPolydactyly occurs in some chicken breeds, but the molecular mechanism remains incompletely understood. Combined genome-wide linkage analysis and association study (GWAS) for chicken polydactyly helps identify loci or candidate genes for the trait and potentially provides further mechanistic understanding of this phenotype in chickens and perhaps other species. The linkage analysis and GWAS for polydactyly was conducted using an F2 population derived from Beijing-You chickens and commercial broilers. The results identified two QTLs through linkage analysis and seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through GWAS, associated with the polydactyly trait. One QTL located at 35 cM on the GGA2 was significant at the 1% genome-wise level and another QTL at the 1% chromosome-wide significance level was detected at 39 cM on GGA19. A total of seven SNPs, four of 5% genome-wide significance (P &lt; 2.98 × 10−6) and three of suggestive significance (5.96 × 10−5) were identified, including two SNPs (GGaluGA132178 and Gga_rs14135036) in the QTL on GGA2. Of the identified SNPs, the eight nearest genes were sonic hedgehog (SHH), limb region 1 homolog (mouse) (LMBR1), dipeptidyl-peptidase 6, transcript variant 3 (DPP6), thyroid-stimulating hormone, beta (TSHB), sal-like 4 (Drosophila) (SALL4), par-6 partitioning defective 6 homolog beta (Caenorhabditis elegans) (PARD6B), coenzyme Q5 (COQ5), and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, etapolypeptide (YWHAH). The GWAS supports earlier reports of the importance of SHH and LMBR1 as regulating genes for polydactyly in chickens and other species, and identified others, most of which have not previously been associated with limb development. The genes and associated SNPs revealed here provide detailed information for further exploring the molecular and developmental mechanisms underlying polydactyly.
Outpatient Course and Complications Associated With Home Oxygen Therapy for Mild Bronchiolitis
Authors: Flett Kelly B. , Breslin Kristin , Braun Patricia A. , Hambidge Simon J. 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND:
Home oxygen has been incorporated into the emergency department management of bronchiolitis in high-altitude settings. However, the outpatient course on oxygen therapy and factors associated with subsequent admission have not been fully defined.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in consecutive patients discharged on home oxygen from the pediatric emergency department at Denver Health Medical Center from 2003 to 2009. The integration of inpatient and outpatient care at our study institution allowed comprehensive assessment of follow-up rates, outpatient visits, time on oxygen, and subsequent admission. Admitted and nonadmitted patients were compared by using a χ2 test and multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS:
We identified 234 unique visits with adequate follow-up for inclusion. The median age was 10 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 7–14 months). Eighty-three percent of patients were followed up within 24 hours and 94% within 48 hours. The median length of oxygen use was 6 days (IQR: 4–9 days), and the median number of associated encounters was 3 (range: 0–9; IQR: 2–3). Ninety-three percent of patients were on room air at 14 days. Twenty-two patients (9.4%) required subsequent admission. Fever at the initial visit (&gt;38.0°C) was associated with admission (P &lt; .02) but had a positive predictive value of 15.4%. Age, prematurity, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and history of previous bronchiolitis or wheeze were not associated with admission.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is a significant outpatient burden associated with home oxygen use. Although fever was associated with admission, we were unable to identify predictors that could modify current protocols.
Validity of Brief Screening Instrument for Adolescent Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drug Use
Authors: Kelly Sharon M. , Gryczynski Jan , Mitchell Shannon Gwin , Kirk Arethusa , O’Grady Kevin E. , Schwartz Robert P. 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism developed an alcohol screening instrument for youth based on epidemiologic data. This study examines the concurrent validity of this instrument, expanded to include tobacco and drugs, among pediatric patients, as well as the acceptability of its self-administration on an iPad.

METHODS:
Five hundred and twenty-five patients (54.5% female; 92.8% African American) aged 12 to 17 completed the Brief Screener for Tobacco, Alcohol, and other Drugs (BSTAD) via interviewer-administration or self-administration using an iPad. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition substance use disorders (SUDs) were identified using a modified Composite International Diagnostic Interview-2 Substance Abuse Module. Receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivities, and specificities were obtained to determine optimal cut points on the BSTAD in relation to SUDs.

RESULTS:
One hundred fifty-nine (30.3%) adolescents reported past-year use of ≥1 substances on the BSTAD: 113 (21.5%) used alcohol, 84 (16.0%) used marijuana, and 50 (9.5%) used tobacco. Optimal cut points for past-year frequency of use items on the BSTAD to identify SUDs were ≥6 days of tobacco use (sensitivity = 0.95; specificity = 0.97); ≥2 days of alcohol use (sensitivity = 0.96; specificity = 0.85); and ≥2 days of marijuana use (sensitivity = 0.80; specificity = 0.93). iPad self-administration was preferred over interviewer administration (z = 5.8; P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The BSTAD is a promising screening tool for identifying problematic tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use in pediatric settings. Even low frequency of substance use among adolescents may indicate need for intervention.
Sleep in Healthy Black and White Adolescents
Authors: Matthews Karen A. , Hall Martica , Dahl Ronald E. 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Inadequate sleep among adolescents has negative consequences for self-regulation, emotional well-being, and risk behaviors. Using multiple assessment methods, we evaluated the adequacy of sleep among healthy adolescents from a lower socioeconomic community and expected differences by race.

METHODS:
A total of 250 healthy high school students enrolled in public school (mean age: 15.7 years; 57% black, 54% female) from families of low to middle class according to the Hollingshead scale participated in weeklong assessments of sleep duration and fragmentation, assessed by using actigraphy; sleep duration and perceived quality, assessed by using daily diaries; and daytime sleepiness and sleep delay, assessed by using a questionnaire.

RESULTS:
Students slept during the school week a mean ± SD of 6.0 ± 0.9 hours per night according to actigraphy and 6.8 ± 1.1 hours according to daily diary, and during the weekend, a mean of 7.4 ± 1.2 and 8.7 ± 1.4 hours, respectively. Black participants and male participants slept less and had more fragmented sleep; female participants reported poorer quality of sleep in their daily diaries and more daytime sleepiness. The results remained significant after adjustments for age, physical activity, smoking status, and percentile BMI.

CONCLUSIONS:
Most students slept less than the 8 to 9 hours suggested by the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Black male participants had the least amount of sleep, which may play a role in the substantial risks experienced by this demographic group. Our findings are consistent with recommendations that pediatricians should routinely screen their adolescent patients about their sleep, especially those from at-risk subgroups.
Effectiveness of Trivalent Flu Vaccine in Healthy Young Children
Authors: Blyth Christopher C. , Jacoby Peter , Effler Paul V. , Kelly Heath , Smith David W. , Robins Christine , Willis Gabriela A. , Levy Avram , Keil Anthony D. , Richmond Peter C. 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND:
There are few studies evaluating the effectiveness of trivalent influenza vaccination (TIV) in young children, particularly in children &lt;2 years. The Western Australian Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Study commenced in 2008 to evaluate a program providing TIV to children aged 6 to 59 months.

METHODS:
An observational study enrolling children with influenza-like illness presenting to a tertiary pediatric hospital was conducted (2008–2012). Vaccination status was determined by parental questionnaire and confirmed via the national immunization register and/or vaccine providers. Respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction and culture were performed on nasopharyngeal samples. The test-negative design was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) by using 2 control groups: all influenza test-negative subjects and other-virus-detected (OVD) subjects. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated from models with season, month of disease onset, age, gender, indigenous status, prematurity, and comorbidities as covariates. Subjects enrolled in 2009 were excluded from VE calculations.

RESULTS:
Of 2001 children enrolled, influenza was identified in 389 (20.4%) children. Another respiratory virus was identified in 1134 (59.6%) children. Overall, 295 of 1903 (15.5%) children were fully vaccinated and 161 of 1903 (8.4%) children were partially vaccinated. Vaccine uptake was significantly lower in 2010–2012 after increased febrile adverse events observed in 2010. Using test-negative controls, VE was 64.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.7%–81.2%). No difference in VE was observed with OVD controls (65.8%; 95% CI: 32.1%–82.8%). The VE for children &lt;2 years was 85.8% (95% CI: 37.9%–96.7%).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study reveals the effectiveness of TIV in young children over 4 seasons by using test-negative and OVD controls. TIV was effective in children aged &lt;2 years. Despite demonstrated vaccine effectiveness, uptake of TIV remains suboptimal.
Behavior, Development, and Predation of Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fed Transgenic and Conventional Cotton Cultivars
Authors: Jesus Flávio G De , Junior Arlindo L Boiça , Alves Gleina C S , Zanuncio José C 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The association of insect-resistant plants with biological control is important in integrated management to reduce the density of pests below the economic injury level. The behavior, development, and predation of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) were studied with the prey Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) fed on the leaves of the cotton cultivars ‘NuOpal’ (transgenic), ‘DeltaOpal,’ ‘FMX910,’ ‘FMX993,’ or ‘FMX996′ (conventional). The attraction of P. nigrispinus to S. frugiperda larvae fed on different cotton cultivars was similar. The predation of nymphs and adults, and the life cycle of the P. nigrispinus predator were higher for S. frugiperda larvae fed on the NuOpal; however, the total viability of P. nigrispinus was lower when predating on S. frugiperda fed the NuOpal. S. frugiperda acquires toxins from transgenic cotton, which can affect its natural predator P. nigrispinus.
Nesting Biology of the Leafcutting BeeMegachile minutissima(Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Central Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqarni Abdulaziz S , Hannan Mohammed A , Gonzalez Victor H , Engel Michael S 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe leafcutting bee Megachile (Eutricharaea) minutissima Radoszkowski is a widely distributed species in the Middle East and a promising pollinator of alfalfa. We provide information on the nest architecture, foraging behavior, phenology, and host plants of a wild population of M. minutissima studied between March 2010 and September 2012 in Amariah, a typical desert in central Saudi Arabia. Bees nested in preexisting cavities in the sandy, dry, and loose soil, and built between 2 and 14 leaf-lined brood cells per nest. Females built and provisioned 1–2 cells per day, each consisting of a large oval piece from which the cell cup was made and a small semiround piece that was used as cell cap; however, occasionally small oval pieces were also used in the latter. Cells were built from leaves of Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae), a locally abundant plant. Both sexes were captured from March to October at flowers of 11 species (10 families), indicating some degree of polylecty as well as either bivoltinism or multivoltinism. We also provide comparative taxonomie comments that will assist bee researchers to easily recognize this species.
Stylet Bundle Morphology and Trophically Related Enzymes of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
Authors: Oten Kelly L F , Cohen Allen C , Hain Fred P 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is a pest of eastern and Carolina hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière and Tsuga caroliniana Engelmann, respectively) in the eastern United States and has already caused catastrophic changes to eastern forests. As one of the significant exotic forest pests, it is imperative that the basic biology of hemlock woolly adelgid be understood for use in novel and improved management techniques. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and enzyme assays were used to elucidate the feeding biology of hemlock woolly adelgid and are discussed in the context of the pest—plant interactions and the implications for host plant resistance. Morphological characters indicate that hemlock woolly adelgids may use labial sensilla and neural canals within the mandibular stylets to guide their stylets through close-range host acceptance processes. Stylet bundle insertion is likely assisted by external sheath material that secures the stylet bundle to the plant surface and mandibular dentitions that may assist entry into or within plant tissues. In addition, results support the theory that extra-oral digestion is likely used by hemlock woolly adelgid, suggested by both a narrow food canal and the presence of four trophically related enzymes (a trypsin-like enzyme, an amylase-like enzyme, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase). The presence of these enzymes also has implications for causing a systemic response in host trees.