bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography Characterization of Fluorodeoxygluocose-Avid Regional and Non-Regional Lymph Nodes in Patients with Suspicion of Metastatic Bladder Cancer
Authors: Chaudhry Muhammad A. , Wahl Richard , Kadhim Lujaien Al-Rubaiey , Zaheer Atif 
Published: January 2014

Objective:
The objective of this study is to assess if size alone can predict the presence of metastatic disease within lymph nodes seen on contrast enhanced-computed tomography (CE-CT) in patients with suspicion of metastatic bladder cancer and also to evaluate the nodal distribution and morphological characteristics of fluorodeoxygluocose (FDG) avid lymph nodes on CE-CT.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis from 2002 to 2009 was performed on patients with suspicion of recurrent disease undergoing restaging FDG-positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. Standardized uptake value (SUVmax) adjusted for lean body mass was recorded in abnormal lymph nodes in the abdominopelvic region. Distribution, size, shape, presence of necrosis and clustering of the FDG-avid lymph nodes was assessed on CE-CT obtained within 4 weeks of the PET/CT. The abnormal nodes were then compared with non-FDG avid lymph nodes on the contralateral side serving as control.

Results:
A total of 103 lymph nodes were found to be FDG-avid in 14 patients on 17 PET/CT examinations. Overall, mean SULmax was 4.7 (range: 1.6-10.7), which is significantly higher than background of 1.5 (P < 0.05). Regional pelvic lymph nodes were FDG-avid in 93% of patients and metastatic extra-pelvic in 100% of patients. The overall average size of the FDG avid lymph nodes on CE-CT was 11 mm with a third of these measuring 3-8 mm. The average size of FDG-avid lymph nodes was 11 mm in the paraaortic region 13 mm in the common iliac 9 mm in the internal iliac and 13 mm in the external iliac regions. Nearly 88.4% of lymph nodes were round in shape, clustering was present in 68% and necrosis in 7% and average size of lymph nodes that served as controls was 6 mm with reniform morphology in 92% and absence of clustering and necrosis.

Conclusion:
Overlap in size exists between FDG-avid pathological and non-pathological lymph nodes seen on CE-CT in patients with metastatic bladder cancer. Other characteristic such as abnormal morphology and clustering are useful adjuncts in the evaluation of nodal metastatic disease.
Venous Intravasation as a Complication and Potential Pitfall During Hysterosalpingography: Re-Emerging Study with a Novel Classification
Authors: Dusak Abdurrahim , Soydinc Hatice E. , Onder Hakan , Ekinci Faysal , Görük Neval Y. , Hamidi Cihat , Bilici Aslan 
Published: January 2014

Objectives:
Presently, hysterosalpingography (HSG) is used as a means to evaluate women with infertility and repetitive pregnancy loss. Venous intravasation is a complication and potential pitfall during HSG and analogous procedures including hysteroscopy. The aim of our study was to assess the venous intravasation and to obtain critical information for more secure and more accurate procedures. In particular, the primary goal of the present study was to compare HSG without and with intravasation to identify differences seen on HSG and to assess the predisposing factors of intravasation. The secondary goal was to describe clinical- and imaging-based novel classification of intravasation.

Materials and Methods:
This study included a patient cohort of 569 patients who underwent HSG between 2008 and 2011 at our center in the absence (control group) or presence (study group) of intravasation. Intravasation classified from level 0 (no intravasation) to level 3 (severe intravasation) was compared with preprocedural (demographic and clinical) and procedural (HSG) data. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software.

Results:
Of the 569 patients undergoing HSG, 528 showed no intravasation and 41 (7.2%) patients showed intravasation when associated with preprocedural (leukocytes, menometrorrhagia, secondary infertility, ectopic pregnancy, abortus, polycystic ovaries, endometriosis, and interventions) and procedural (pain, scheduling, endometrial-uterine nature, and spillage) parameters. Moreover, intravasation was lower in women with smooth endometrium, triangular uterus, and homogeneous peritoneal spillage. No association was found between age, tubal patency, increased pressure, and intravasation.

Conclusions:
Using a novel classification method, intravasation can be observed in women during HSG and associates with preprocedural and procedural predisposing factors in subsumed conditions. This classification method will be useful for improving the efficiency and accuracy of HSG and related procedures by minimization of severe complications caused by intravasation.
An Exploration of Smoking Behavior of African Male Immigrants Living in Glasgow
Authors: Ezika Ejiofor Augustine 
Published: January 2014

Introduction The aim of this research study was to explore the smoking behavior of adult African male immigrant smokers living in Glasgow to inform and contribute to primary health promotion frameworks. Methods 25 adult African male immigrant smokers living in Glasgow were recruited via consecutive sampling by soliciting for participation through the use of flyers, posters and word of mouth. Data collection occurred via semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The interviews were audio taped, after which verbatim transcription was carried out and the data analyzed thematically. Results The participants' smoking habits were influenced by cold weather environment as well as societal norms that appear to make the smoking habit more acceptable in Glasgow than Africa. It appears the more educated the participants were, the fewer cigarettes they smoked. However, there was only a slight difference in the number of cigarettes smoked between participants with a degree and those with a postgraduate degree. Conclusion The participants' smoking habits in Glasgow appear to have increased because of environmental variables associated with living in Glasgow, specifically the cold weather environment and high acceptability of smoking habits in Glasgow.
¿Participación y democracia en los medios sociales?: El caso de Twitter en las elecciones vascas de 2012
Authors: Cebrián Elena , Vázquez Tamara , Olbarrieta Ane 
Published: January 2014

Al incorporarse a la política española, Twitter prometía revitalizar la relación gobernantes-gobernados y dinamizar el debate político en el marco de la política 2.0, unas expectativas que, según demuestra este trabajo, no se materializaron en el caso de la campaña de las elecciones autonómicas vascas de 2012. En concreto, el artículo analiza la actividad en las cuentas de los principales candidatos en estos comicios —@iurkullu, @lauramintegui, @patxilopez y @basagoiti— identificando el tipo de mensajes, su origen, su intencionalidad y los grados de interacción e hipertextualidad que presentan. Las conclusiones evidencian que en esta campaña Twitter no fue, en los casos analizados, un instrumento de política 2.0: la actividad es baja; el diálogo gobernantes gobernados no existe, por ser las conversaciones puntuales, de escasa profundidad y mala calidad, y no se desarrolla el potencial hipertextual de la herramienta, ya que lo más frecuente es que los tuits no incluyan enlace alguno. El trabajo no ha encontrado creación de opinión, ni discusión ni divulgación de material diferente a la campaña tradicional, y sí en cambio un apoyo a esta cercano al broadcasting de los medios tradicionales. Las diferencias encontradas entre los cuatro candidatos analizados no se explican por parámetros ideológicos o territoriales sino que responden a las diferentes tácticas de campaña tradicional, sin una estrategia diferenciada en política 2.0.
The P‐V‐T equation of state and thermodynamic properties of liquid iron
Authors: Ichikawa Hiroki , Tsuchiya Taku , Tange Yoshinori 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe equation of state (EoS) and thermodynamic properties of non‐magnetic liquid iron were investigated from energy (E)‐pressure (P)‐volume (V)‐temperature (T) relationships calculated by means of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at 60–420 GPa and 4000–7000 K. Its internally consistent thermodynamic and elastic properties, in particular, density, adiabatic bulk modulus, and P wave velocity, were then analyzed. Compared to the seismological data of the Earth's outer core, pure liquid iron is found to have an 8–10% larger density and 3–10% larger bulk modulus than the Earth's values. Results also show that the P wave velocity of liquid iron has marginal temperature dependence as the bulk sound velocity of solid iron. The new EoS model and thermodynamic properties of liquid iron may serve as fundamental data for the thermochemical modeling of the Earth's core.
Finescale parameterizations of turbulent dissipation
Authors: Polzin Kurt L. , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Huussen Tycho N. , Sloyan Bernadette M. , Waterman Stephanie 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article (1) reviews and clarifies the basic physics underpinning finescale parameterizations of turbulent dissipation due to internal wave breaking and (2) provides advice on the implementation of the parameterizations in a way that is most consistent with the underlying physics, with due consideration given to common instrumental issues. Potential biases in the parameterization results are discussed in light of both (1) and (2), and illustrated with examples in the literature. The value of finescale parameterizations for studies of the large‐scale ocean circulation in the presence of common biases is assessed. We conclude that the parameterizations can contribute significantly to the resolution of large‐scale circulation problems associated with plausible ranges in the rates of turbulent dissipation and diapycnal mixing spanning an order of magnitude or more.
Nanostructured membrane electrode assemblies from layer‐by‐layer composite/catalyst containing membranes and their fuel cell performances
Authors: Deligöz Hüseyin , Yılmaztürk Serpil , Gümüşoğlu Tolga 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, two approaches are compared to develop nanostructured membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) using layer‐by‐layer (lbl) technique. The first is based on the direct deposition of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and sulfonated polyaniline (sPAni) on Nafion support to prepare lbl composite membrane. In the second approach, sPAni is coated on the support in the presence of platinum (Pt) salt, Nafion solution and Vulcan for obtaining catalyst containing membranes (CCMs). SEM and UV–vis analysis show that the multilayers are deposited on both sides of Nafion successfully. Although H2/O2 single cell performances of acid doped lbl composite membrane based MEA are found to be at the range of 126 and 160 mW cm−2 depending on the number of deposited layers, the cell performance of MEA obtained from catalyst containing lbl self‐assembled thin membrane (PAH/sPAni‐H+)10‐Pt is found to be 360 mW cm−2 with a Pt utilization of 720 mW mgPt−1. This performance is 82% higher as compared to original Nafion®117 based MEA (198 mW cm−2). From the cell performance evaluations for different structured MEAs, it is mainly found out that the use of lbl CCMs instead of composite membranes and fabrication of thinner electrolytes result in a higher H2/O2 cell activity due to significant reduction in ohmic resistivity. Also, it is observed that the use of sPAni slightly improves the cell performance due to an increased probability of the triple phase contact and it can lead to superior physicochemical properties such as conductivity and thermal stability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40314.
The Cyclic Cystine Ladder of Theta‐Defensins as a Stable, Bifunctional Scaffold: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study Using the Integrin‐Binding RGD Motif.
Authors: Conibear Anne C. , Bochen Alexander , Rosengren K. Johan , Stupar Petar , Wang Conan , Kessler Horst , Craik David J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPeptides have the specificity and size required to target the protein–protein interactions involved in many diseases. Some cyclic peptides have been utilised as scaffolds for peptide drugs because of their stability; however, other cyclic peptide scaffolds remain to be explored. θ‐Defensins are cyclic peptides from mammals; they are characterised by a cyclic cystine ladder motif and have low haemolytic and cytotoxic activity. Here we demonstrate the potential of the cyclic cystine ladder as a scaffold for peptide drug design by introducing the integrin‐binding Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) motif into the θ‐defensin RTD‐1. The most active analogue had an IC50 of 18 nM for the αvβ3 integrin as well as high serum stability, thus demonstrating that a desired bioactivity can be imparted to the cyclic cystine ladder. This study highlights how θ‐defensins can provide a stable and conformationally restrained scaffold for bioactive epitopes in a β‐strand or turn conformation. Furthermore, the symmetry of the cyclic cystine ladder presents the opportunity to design peptides with dual bioactive epitopes to increase activity and specificity.
Aluminum Fluoride‐Supported Platinum and Palladium as Highly Efficient Catalysts of n‐Pentane Hydroisomerization
Authors: Machynskyy Ostap , Kemnitz Erhard , Karpiński Zbigniew 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCatalytic isomerization of n‐pentane was studied over novel high surface area (HS) aluminum fluoride supported palladium and platinum catalysts, prepared by the nonaqueous fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis. HS‐AlF3 maintained well its nanoscopic, mesoporous, and highly acidic character at higher temperatures, up to 350 °C. Both Pt/HS‐AlF3 and Pd/HS‐AlF3 catalysts, characterized by very small metal particle sizes (≈2 nm) maintained very good activity, stability, and selectivity towards isomerization (up to nearly 100 %) at up to 350 °C. Very strong acidity of HS‐AlF3 is the prerequisite for isomerization but the presence of the metal is also essential to maintain a high conversion level. The effect of metal–acid balance in Pd/HS‐AlF3 catalysts, important for bifunctional isomerization, was tested by screening three differently metal‐loaded catalysts. The performance of the 0.5 wt % Pd/HS‐AlF3 appeared as good as that of 2.0 wt % Pd. The properties of the HS‐AlF3 support, catalyst precursors, and catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, H2 chemisorption, and FTIR photoacustic spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption. The first three methods allowed evaluating the state of the metal in the reduced catalysts. The suppressed chemisorption of H2 must result from different factors, such as carbon presence in Pd introduced during catalyst synthesis and activation, metal–acidic support interaction, and, partially, metal encapsulation in AlF3 during sol–gel synthesis. Lewis and Brønsted acidity was detected in activated catalysts and both types of acid sites were assumed to play a role in bifunctional isomerization. NH3 effectively blocks the strongest acid sites and drastically limits the overall catalytic performance. Introduction of water to the reaction system also degrades, but to a lesser extent, the Pd(Pt)/HS‐AlF3 catalyst performance, most probably because of poisoning of only the strongest Lewis acid sites.
Titania‐Photocatalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions with Methanol as a Hydrogen Source: Enhanced Catalytic Performance by Pd–Pt Alloy at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Zhao Yubao , Pan Feng , Li Hui , Xu Guo Qin , Chen Wei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHydrogenation reactions are of great importance in scientific research and in industry productions. Herein, we designed a novel system to realize photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation by using solar light as the energy input and methanol as the hydrogen source. In this reaction, titania loaded with Pd–Pt bimetallic alloy nanocrystals as a cocatalyst exhibited photocatalytic performance that was remarkably superior to that exhibited by titania with Pd or Pt alone as the cocatalyst. This work has shed light on the rational design of multifunctional catalysts through selecting appropriate bimetallic alloys as efficient cocatalysts.
From Homoconjugated Push–Pull Chromophores to Donor–Acceptor‐Substituted Spiro Systems by Thermal Rearrangement
Authors: Dengiz Cagatay , Dumele Oliver , Kato Shin‐ichiro , Zalibera Michal , Cias Pawel , Schweizer W. Bernd , Boudon Corinne , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Gescheidt Georg , Diederich François 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSeries of homoconjugated push–pull chromophores and donor–acceptor (D–A)‐functionalized spiro compounds were synthesized, in which the electron‐donating strength of the anilino donor groups was systematically varied. The structural and optoelectronic properties of the compounds were investigated by X‐ray analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and computational analysis. The homoconjugated push–pull chromophores with a central bicyclo[4.2.0]octane scaffold were obtained in high yield by [2+2] cycloaddition of 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐p‐benzoquinone (DDQ) toN,N‐dialkylanilino‐ orN,N‐diarylanilino‐substituted activated alkynes. The spirocyclic compounds were formed by thermal rearrangement of the homoconjugated adducts. They also can be prepared in a one‐pot reaction starting from DDQ and anilino‐substituted alkynes. Spiro products withN,N‐diphenylanilino andN,N‐diisopropylanilino groups were isolated in high yields whereas compounds with pyrrolidino, didodecylamino, and dimethylamino substituents gave poor yields, with formation of insoluble side products. It was shown by in situ trapping experiments with TCNE that cycloreversion is possible during the thermal rearrangement, thereby liberating DDQ. In the low‐yielding transformations, DDQ oxidizes the anilino species present, presumably via an intermediate iminium ion pathway. Such a pathway is not available for theN,N‐diphenylanilino derivative and, in the case of theN,N‐diisopropylanilino derivative, would generate a strained iminium ion (A1,3 strain). The mechanism of the thermal rearrangement was investigated by EPR spectroscopy, which provides good evidence for a proposed biradical pathway starting with the homolytic cleavage of the most strained (CN)CC(CN) bond between the fused four‐ and six‐membered rings in the homoconjugated adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: New Polymorph of InVO4: A High‐Pressure Structure with Six‐Coordinated Vanadium.
Authors: Errandonea Daniel , Gomis Oscar , Garcia‐Domene Braulio , Pellicer‐Porres Julio , Katari Vasundhara , Achary S. Nagabhusan , Tyagi Avesh K. , Popescu Catalin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHigh‐pressure XRD and Raman spectroscopy on orthorhombic InVO4 (space group Cmcm, Z = 4) reveal the existence of a new wolframite‐type polymorph of InVO4 near 7 GPa.
ChemInform Abstract: The Polar Phase of Li2Ge4O9 at 298, 150 and 90 K.
Authors: Redhammer Guenther J. , Tippelt Gerold 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe title compound is obtained by high‐temperature flux melting of stoichiometric amounts of Li2CO3, Al2O3, and GeO2 together with a 10‐fold excess of a flux consisting of 80 wt% Li2MoO4 and 20 wt% LiVO3 (Pt crucible, 1473 K, 12 h, cooling to 873 K with a rate of 3 K/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Complex 5d Magnetism in a Novel S = 1/2 Trimer System, the 12L Hexagonal Perovskite Ba4BiIr3O12.
Authors: Miiller Wojciech , Dunstan Matthew T. , Huang Zixin , Mohamed Zakiah , Kennedy Brendan J. , Avdeev Maxim , Ling Chris D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of BaCO3, Bi2O3 (10% excess), and Ir metal (1173 K, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Polar and Magnetic Layered A‐Site and Rock Salt B‐Site‐Ordered NaLnFeWO6 (Ln: La, Nd) Perovskites.
Authors: Greenblatt M. , et al. et al. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNaLaFeWO6 (I) and NaNdFeWO6 (II) are prepared by thermal decomposition (1% H2/Ar, 900 °C, 6 h for (I), 5% H2/N2, 850 °C, 2 h for (II)) of appropriate precursors obtained by reacting stoichiometric amounts of Na2CO3, La2O3, Nd2O3, FeC2O4, and (NH4)10W12O41 in aqueous citric acid solution containing HNO3 followed by solvent evaporation to yield an organic resin which is dried and decomposed (air, 600 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of an Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Framework Phosphite Containing Infinite Edge‐Sharing Cobalt Chains.
Authors: Wang Xuelei , Yan Yan , Wu Junbiao , Dong Zhaojun , Li Li , Li Jiyang 
Published: January 2014

Abstract(dab)[Co3(OH)2(HPO3)2] (dab: 1,4‐diaminobutane) is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of Co(OAc)2, H3PO3, and dab (H2O, autoclave, 160 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen‐Bond Mediated Regio‐ and Enantioselectivity in a C—H Amination Reaction Catalyzed by a Supramolecular Rh(II) Complex.
Authors: Hoeke Thorsten , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Bach Thorsten 
Published: January 2014

Abstract3‐Benzylquinolones (I) undergo an enantioselective C—H amination reaction, which is mediated by hydrogen bonding with the lactam part of a supramolecular Rh(II) complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoaggregates of Simple Mn Porphyrin Complexes as Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Hydrocarbons.
Authors: Rezaeifard Abdolreza , Soltani Vahideh , Jafarpour Maasoumeh 
Published: January 2014

AbstractColloidal nanoparticles of a manganese porphyrin complex efficiently catalyze the oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons and the epoxidation of olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on mpg‐C3N4 as Active Catalyst for Semihydrogenation of Phenylacetylene under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Deng Dongshun , Yang Yang , Gong Yutong , Li Yi , Xu Xuan , Wang Yong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPd‐nanoparticles supported on mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride is found to be an effective, heterogeneous catalyst for the liquid‐phase semihydrogenation of phenylacetylenes under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Solid Phase Synthesis of (E)‐Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Rokhum Lalthazuala , Bez Ghanashyam 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of (E)‐nitroalkenes by reaction of aldehydes and nitroalkanes in the presence of polymer‐bound triphenylphosphine, iodine, and imidazole is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of tert‐Alkyl Ketones: DMSO Effect in Unification of Stereoisomeric Ruthenium Complexes.
Authors: Yamamura Tomoya , Nakatsuka Hiroshi , Tanaka Shinji , Kitamura Masato 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe asymmetric hydrogenation of functionalized tert‐alkyl ketones can be realized for the first time by using a binaphthalen derived Ru‐complex in combination with coordinated DMSO to yield chiral alcohols with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Formation of Vilsmeier Reagents Mediated by Oxalyl Chloride: A Tool for the Selective Synthesis of N‐Sulfonylformamidines.
Authors: Gazvoda Martin , Kocevar Marijan , Polanc Slovenko 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA mild and efficient cleavage of the prepared N‐sulfonylformamidines is achieved with hydrazine hydrate (not shown).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Reduction of α‐Methylated Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Burda Edyta , Ress Tina , Winkler Till , Giese Carolin , Kostrov Xenia , Huber Tobias , Hummel Werner , Groeger Harald 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn enzymatic reduction reaction of different substituted nitroalkenes to give chiral nitroalkanes with enantiomeric excess up to 95% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Conversion of Phenols to Anilines via Smiles Rearrangement.
Authors: Xie Yong‐Sheng , Vijaykumar B. V. D. , Jang Kiwan , Shin Hong‐Hyun , Zuo Hua , Shin Dong‐Soo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA direct conversion of phenols to anilines is achieved by using a one‐pot, three‐step route with a Smiles rearrangement as the key step.