bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Details of the Membrane Perforation and Passive Translocation of TAT Peptides
Authors: Piantavigna Stefania , Abdelhamid Muhammad E. , Zhao Chuan , Qu Xiaohu , McCubbin George A. , Graham Bim , Spiccia Leone , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Martin Lisandra L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe trans‐activator of transcription (TAT) peptide is regarded as the “gold standard” for cell‐penetrating peptides, capable of traversing a mammalian membrane passively into the cytosolic space. This characteristic has been exploited through conjugation of TAT for applications such as drug delivery. However, the process by which TAT achieves membrane penetration remains ambiguous and unresolved. Mechanistic details of TAT peptide action are revealed herein by using three complementary methods: quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D), scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). When combined, these three scales of measurement define that the membrane uptake of the TAT peptide is by trans‐membrane insertion using a “worm‐hole” pore that leads to ion permeability across the membrane layer. AFM data provided nanometre‐scale visualisation of TAT punctuation using a mammalian‐mimetic membrane bilayer. The TAT peptide does not show the same specificity towards a bacterial mimetic membrane and QCM‐D and SECM showed that the TAT peptide demonstrates a disruptive action towards these membranes. This investigation supports the energy‐independent uptake of the cationic TAT peptide and provides empirical data that clarify the mechanism by which the TAT peptide achieves its membrane activity. The novel use of these three biophysical techniques provides valuable insight into the mechanism for TAT peptide translocation, which is essential for improvements in the cellular delivery of TAT‐conjugated cargoes including therapeutic agents required to target specific intracellular locations.
Electrospun SnSb Crystalline Nanoparticles inside Porous Carbon Fibers as a High Stability and Rate Capability Anode for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Shiva Konda , Rajendra Hongahally B. , Bhattacharyya Aninda J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn an electrochemical alloying reaction, the electroactive particles become mechanically unstable owing to large volume changes occurring as a result of high amounts of lithium intake. This is detrimental for long‐term battery performance. Herein, a novel synthesis approach to minimize such mechanical instabilities in tin particles is presented. An optimal one‐dimensional assembly of crystalline single‐phase tin–antimony (SnSb) alloy nanoparticles inside porous carbon fibers (abbreviated SnSb–C) is synthesized for the first time by using the electrospinning technique (employing non‐oxide precursors) in combination with a sintering protocol. The ability of antimony to alloy independently with lithium is beneficial as it buffers the unfavorable volume changes occurring during successive alloying/dealloying cycles in Sn. The SnSb–C assembly provides nontortuous (tortuosity coefficient, τ=1) fast conducting pathways for both electrons and ions. The presence of carbon in SnSb–C completely nullifies the conventional requirement of other carbon forms during cell electrode assembly. The SnSb–C exhibited remarkably high electrochemical lithium stability and high specific capacities over a wide range of currents (0.2–5 A g−1). In addition to lithium‐ion batteries, it is envisaged that SnSb–C also has potential as a noncarbonaceous anode for other battery chemistries, such as sodium‐ion batteries.
Studies on growth and nucleation kinetics of Piperazinium L‐Tartrate (PPLT) single crystal
Authors: Vijayalakshmi M. , Vizhi R. Ezhil , Babu D. Rajan 
Published: October 2014

Single crystal of piperazinium L‐tartrate (PPLT) was grown by slow cooling technique. The crystallanity of grown single crystal was characterized by powder XRD analysis. The solubility, metastable zonewidth and induction period were determined experimentally by adopting gravimetric, polythermal and isothermal method respectively. The experimentally determined interfacial energies agree very well with the theoretically estimated values. The nucleation parameters such as Gibbs free energy change, radius of critical nucleus, nucleation rate and number of molecules present in the critical nuclei of PPLT crystal were evaluated based on the classical theory of nucleation. The nonlinear optical property of the grown crystal was analyzed by using aQ‐switched Nd:YAG laser and the second harmonic generation efficiency of the grown crystal was compared with KDP.
Prognostic value of COX‐2, P53, and EZH‐2 evaluated by quantitative image analysis in premalignant and malignant breast lesions
Authors: Nicolopoulou‐Stamati Polyxeni , Tsipis Angelos , Chelidonis George , Patsouris Efstratios , Athanassiadou Pauline , Gonidi Maria , Athanassiadou Anna Maria 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundCytological differential diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia and well differentiated breast carcinoma may be challenging, because sometimes there is an overlap between the cytomorphological features of these lesions. The aim of the study was to investigate COX‐2, EZH‐2, p53 expression in carcinomas and the gray zone of breast cytology categories of atypical hyperplastic lesions with regard to biological behavior of the tumor.MethodsFNA speciments from 100 patients with breast hyperplastic lesions and cancer were investigated by immunocytochemistry and a quantitative analysis for COX‐2, p53, and EZH‐2.ResultsExtent of staining for COX‐2 correlated with percentage of positive for EZH‐2 (P < 0.0001) and p53 nuclei (P < 0.001). The intensity of COX‐2 was lower in the carcinoma group (118.57 ± 12.43) than in the hyperplastic (127.16 ± 11.71) group (P = 0.006). On the contrary the mean value of staining extent was greater in the adenocarcinoma cases (15.96 ± 13.03) than in hyperplastic (4.04 ± 1.94) cases (P < 0.0001). The percentage of EZH‐2 and p53 positive cells correlated with the histological type of the lesions (P = 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively). There was also a statistically significant relation between tumor size and expression of COX‐2 (P = 0.007) and EZH‐2 (P = 0.010).ConclusionOur study showed that the expression of COX‐2, EZH‐2, and p53 as determined by immunocytochemistry at quantitative level may be a predictor for distinguishing cytologically atypical hyperplastic from malignant breast lesions and may be regarded as potential prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:294–300. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterochromatin structure: Lessons from the budding yeast
Authors: Bi Xin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe eukaryotic genome can be roughly divided into euchromatin and heterochromatin domains that are structurally and functionally distinct. Heterochromatin is characterized by its high compactness and its inhibitory effect on DNA transactions such as gene expression. Formation of heterochromatin involves special histone modifications and the recruitment and spread of silencing complexes and causes changes in the primary and higher order structures of chromatin. The past two decades have seen dramatic advances in dissecting the molecular aspects of heterochromatin because of the identification of the histone code for heterochromatin as well as its writers and erasers (histone‐modifying enzymes) and readers (silencing factors recognizing histone modifications). How heterochromatic histone modifications and silencing factors contribute to the special primary and higher order structures of heterochromatin has begun to be understood. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has long been used as a model organism for heterochromatin studies. Results from these studies have contributed significantly to the elucidation of the general principles governing the formation, maintenance, and function of heterochromatin. This review is focused on investigations into the structural aspects of heterochromatin in S. cerevisiae. Current understanding of other aspects of heterochromatin including how it promotes gene silencing and its epigenetic inheritance is briefly summarized. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(10):657–666, 2014
Chinese coal mining – an analysis with particular regard to the interests of German mining equipment suppliers / Chinesischer Steinkohlenbergbau – Eine Standortbestimmung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Interessen deutscher Bergbauzulieferer
Authors: v. Hartlieb‐Wallthor Peter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis report examines the current status and the multifaceted developments in the Chinese coal industry. It is to be made clear that, despite current upheavals, it is worthwhile to treat the market seriously and sustainably. Important factors for the success of business include the well‐functioning application of references to demonstrate cross‐system functionality. Promoting economic cooperation between SMEs is important to both the German and the Chinese governments. The Chinese mining industry itself is facing major challenges: solving the as‐yet‐to‐be‐completed price reform, a fragmented production structure, poorly balanced economic fundamentals and an insufficient safety standard put strains on its image. Furthermore, environmental damage must be counteracted. Overall, various factors are still making China's coal market inefficient. Above all, however, the continuous conflict between the mining industry, electricity producers and the railway is taking its toll.Der Bericht beleuchtet den aktuellen Status und die vielfacettierte Bewegung in der Kohlenbranche Chinas. Es soll deutlich gemacht werden, dass es sich trotz gegenwärtiger Umbrüche lohnt, den Markt ernsthaft und nachhaltig zu bearbeiten. Als wichtige Erfolgsfaktoren für Geschäftsabschlüsse dienen gut funktionierende Referenzeinsätze zur Demonstration einer systemübergreifenden Funktionalität. Für die deutsche und chinesische Regierungen kommt der Förderung von Wirtschaftskooperationen von KMU beider Länder Bedeutung bei. Der chinesische Bergbau steht selbst vor großen Herausforderungen: Die Lösung der immer noch nicht abgeschlossenen Preisreform, eine fragmentierte Produktionsstruktur, unausgewogene wirtschaftliche Grundlagen und ein unzureichender Sicherheitsstandard belasten das Image. Auch Umweltschäden gilt es zu bekämpfen. Diverse Faktoren machen Chinas Kohlenmarkt in Summe immer noch ineffizient. Vor allem jedoch schlägt ein Dauerkonflikt zwischen der Förderindustrie, den Stromerzeugern und der Eisenbahn zu Buche.
Raw materials efficiency in mining. Instruments to increase efficiency in the extraction of raw materials / Stellhebel zur Steigerung der Effizienz in der Gewinnung mineralischer Rohstoffe. Rohstoffeffizienz in der Rohstoffgewinnung
Authors: Martens Per Nicolai , Lehnen Felix , Winter Bastian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper is based on a presentation on “Raw Material Efficiency in Mining”, given on November 28, 2013 in the context of the “Raw Material Efficiency Prize” in Berlin. Following an overview of the various efficiency terms on this topic, instruments are identified which create framework conditions that permit the efficient extraction of raw materials. The aspects considered are deposits, politics, education, technology and research. Their influence on efficient raw materials extraction is described and current examples and challenges in raw materials extraction are then listed.Die vorliegenden Ausführungen basieren auf einem Vortrag zu “Rohstoffeffizienz in der Rohstoffgewinnung”, der am 28. November 2013 im Rahmen der Verleihung des “Rohstoffeffizienz‐Preises” in Berlin gehalten worden ist. Nach einem Überblick über die verschiedenen Effizienz‐Begriffe in diesem Themenfeld werden verschiedene Stellhebel aufgezeigt, die Rahmenbedingungen schaffen, um effiziente Rohstoffgewinnung zu ermöglichen. Betrachtet werden in diesem Spannungsfeld die Aspekte Lagerstätte, Politik, Ausbildung, Technologie und Forschung. Ihr Einfluss auf effiziente Rohstoffgewinnung wird aufgezeigt, und aktuelle Beispiele und Herausforderungen für die Rohstoffgewinnung werden genannt.
A coal‐based strategy to reduce Europe's dependence on Russian energy imports
Authors: Bezdek Roger 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEurope is dangerously dependent on Russian natural gas (NG): 13 European nations rely on Russian NG for over 50 % of their requirements. In addition, Europe relies on Russia for about one third of its oil imports.Europe is acutely aware of this high level of energy dependence, which has been, once again, highlighted by the Ukrainian crisis. The European Council March 2014 Brussels Summit Meeting focused on Europe's energy dependence on Russia, especially for NG. The Summit recommended that efforts be intensified to reduce Europe's gas energy dependency and that the EU accelerate diversification of its energy supply. However, via a carefully thought out strategy, Europe can significantly reduce its dependence on Russian energy supplies through greater utilization of clean coal.
Prediction of adolescent and adult adiposity outcomes from early life anthropometrics
Authors: Graversen Lise , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Gerds Thomas A. , Petersen Liselotte , Sovio Ulla , Kaakinen Marika , Sandbaek Annelli , Laitinen Jaana , Taanila Anja , Pouta Anneli , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Obel Carsten 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesMaternal body mass index (BMI), birth weight, and preschool BMI may help identify children at high risk of overweight as they are (1) similarly linked to adolescent overweight at different stages of the obesity epidemic, (2) linked to adult obesity and metabolic alterations, and (3) easily obtainable in health examinations in young children. The aim was to develop early childhood prediction models of adolescent overweight, adult overweight, and adult obesity.MethodsPrediction models at various ages in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort born in 1966 (NFBC1966) were developed. Internal validation was tested using a bootstrap design, and external validation was tested for the model predicting adolescent overweight using the Northern Finland Birth Cohort born in 1986 (NFBC1986).ResultsA prediction model developed in the NFBC1966 to predict adolescent overweight, applied to the NFBC1986, and aimed at labelling 10% as “at risk” on the basis of anthropometric information collected until 5 years of age showed that half of those at risk in fact did become overweight. This group constituted one‐third of all who became overweight.ConclusionsOur prediction model identified a subgroup of children at very high risk of becoming overweight, which may be valuable in public health settings dealing with obesity prevention.
Physical characteristics associated with weight misperception among overweight and obese men: NHANES 1999–2006
Authors: Lewis Dwight W. , Dutton Gareth R. , Affuso Olivia 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to (1) determine the prevalence of weight misperception among overweight and obese men with total body fat levels ≥ 25%, and (2) examine associations of weight misperception with anthropometric and body composition measures.MethodsData came from 4,200 overweight or obese men from the 1999 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weight misperception was operationalized as having a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry‐derived total body fat percentage ≥25% and classifying oneself as either “underweight” or “about right weight.” Logistic regression was used to determine physical characteristics associated with weight misperception.ResultsWeight misperception was highest among Mexican American (35.9%) followed by Black (30.8%) and White men (22.9%). Physical characteristics (OR, 95% CI) associated with weight misperception were decreased arm fat (0.95, 0.91‐0.98), being overweight (9.02, 5.34‐15.24), and having a waist circumference ≤ 94 cm (2.31, 1.72‐3.09).ConclusionsFindings suggest that future research should include a measure of adiposity in the operationalization of weight misperception among male populations.
Post‐thrombotic syndrome after central venous catheter removal in childhood cancer survivors: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Polen E. , Weintraub M. , Stoffer C. , Jaffe D.H. , Burger A. , Revel‐Vilk S. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundAlthough the use of central venous catheters (CVCs) has greatly improved the quality of care of children with cancer, these catheters increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and the potential long‐term complication of post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS). We aimed to study PTS post‐CVC removal using physical, functional and health related quality of life (HRQoL) domains in childhood cancer and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) survivors.ProcedureWe conducted a prospective study in a cohort of childhood cancer and BMT survivors post‐CVC use. Participants were evaluated for PTS with the Modified Villalta Score (MVS) and the Manco‐Johnson Instrument (MJI). HRQoL was assessed using the PedsQL™ questionnaire.ResultsA total of 158 children were enrolled at a median of 41 (4–149) months from CVC removal. Signs and symptoms of PTS were present in 34% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27–43%) (MVS criteria) and 30.5% (95% CI 23.1–37.8%) (MJI criteria). Diagnosis of PTS was associated with history of CVC occlusion, history of CVC‐related DVT and the use of ≥2 CVCs. The presence of signs and symptoms of PTS was a predictor for low HRQoL tested by the PedsQL™ Total Scale scores and Physical Health Summary scores.ConclusionsPTS post‐CVC removal in pediatric cancer survivors is not a rare event. The association between PTS and the history of CVC occlusion confirms earlier findings, and suggests that CVC occlusion may indicate asymptomatic DVT. PTS is also associated with lower HRQoL scores highlighting the need to study preventive measures, especially for high risk groups. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:285–290. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Urinary prostate protein glycosylation profiling as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer
Authors: Vermassen Tijl , Van Praet Charles , Lumen Nicolaas , Decaestecker Karel , Vanderschaeghe Dieter , Callewaert Nico , Villeirs Geert , Hoebeke Piet , Van Belle Simon , Rottey Sylvie , Delanghe Joris 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUNDSerum prostate‐specific antigen (sPSA) measurement is widely used as opportunistic screening tool for prostate cancer (PCa). sPSA suffers from considerable sensitivity and specificity problems, particularly in the diagnostic gray zone (sPSA 4–10 µg/L). Furthermore, sPSA is not able to discriminate between poorly‐, moderately‐, and well‐differentiated PCa. We investigated prostatic protein glycosylation profiles as a potential PCa biomarker.METHODSDifferences in total urine N‐glycosylation profile of prostatic proteins were determined between healthy volunteers (n = 54), patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH; n = 93) and newly diagnosed PCa patients (n = 74). Variations in N‐glycosylation profile and prostate volume were combined into one urinary glycoprofile marker (UGM). Additionally, differences in N‐glycosylation were identified between Gleason <7, =7, and >7.RESULTSThe UGM was able to discriminate BPH from PCa, overall and in the diagnostic gray zone (P < 0.001). The UGM showed comparable diagnostic accuracy to sPSA, but gave an additive diagnostic value to sPSA (P < 0.001). In the diagnostic gray zone the UGM performed significantly better than sPSA (P < 0.001). A significant difference was found in core‐fucosylation of biantennary structures and overall core‐fucosylation of multiantennary structures between Gleason < 7 and Gleason > 7 (P = 0.010 and P = 0.020, respectively) and between Gleason = 7 and Gleason > 7 (P = 0.011 and P = 0.025, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThe UGM shows high potential as PCa biomarker, particularly in the diagnostic gray zone. Further research is needed to validate these findings. Prostate 75:314–322, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure and specificity of FEN‐1 from Methanopyrus kandleri
Authors: Shah Santosh , Dunten Pete , Stiteler Amanda , Park Chad K. , Horton Nancy C. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTDNA repair is fundamental to genome stability and is found in all three domains of life. However many archaeal species, such as Methanopyrus kandleri, contain only a subset of the eukaryotic nucleotide excision repair (NER) homologs, and those present often contain significant differences compared to their eukaryotic homologs. To clarify the role of the NER XPG‐like protein Mk0566 from M. kandleri, its biochemical activity and three‐dimensional structure were investigated. Both were found to be more similar to human FEN‐1 than human XPG, suggesting a biological role in replication and long‐patch base excision repair rather than in NER. Proteins 2015; 83:188–194. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure of a cupin protein Plu4264 from Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1 at 1.35 Å resolution
Authors: Weerth R. Sophia , Michalska Karolina , Bingman Craig A. , Yennamalli Ragothaman M. , Li Hui , Jedrzejczak Robert , Wang Fengbin , Babnigg Gyorgy , Joachimiak Andrzej , Thomas Michael G. , Phillips George N. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTProteins belonging to the cupin superfamily have a wide range of catalytic and noncatalytic functions. Cupin proteins commonly have the capacity to bind a metal ion with the metal frequently determining the function of the protein. We have been investigating the function of homologous cupin proteins that are conserved in more than 40 species of bacteria. To gain insights into the potential function of these proteins we have solved the structure of Plu4264 from Photorhabdus luminescens TTO1 at a resolution of 1.35 Å and identified manganese as the likely natural metal ligand of the protein. Proteins 2015; 83:383–388. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tamoxifen, an anticancer drug, is an activator of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1
Authors: Belmont‐Díaz Javier A. , Calleja‐Castañeda Luis F. , Yoval‐Sánchez Belem , Rodríguez‐Zavala José S. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe modulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity has been suggested as a promising option for the prevention or treatment of many diseases. To date, only few activating compounds of ALDHs have been described. In this regard, N‐(1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐ylmethyl)−2,6‐dichlorobenzamide has been used to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion damage. In the search for new modulating ALDH molecules, the binding capability of different compounds to the active site of human aldehyde dehydrogenase class 1A1 (ALDH1A1) was analyzed by molecular docking, and their ability to modulate the activity of the enzyme was tested. Surprisingly, tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist used for breast cancer treatment, increased the activity and decreased the Km for NAD+ by about twofold in ALDH1A1. No drug effect on human ALDH2 or ALDH3A1 was attained, showing that tamoxifen was specific for ALDH1A1. Protection against thermal denaturation and competition with daidzin suggested that tamoxifen binds to the aldehyde site of ALDH1A1, resembling the interaction of N‐(1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐ylmethyl)−2,6‐dichlorobenzamide with ALDH2. Further kinetic analysis indicated that tamoxifen activation may be related to an increase in the Kd for NADH, favoring a more rapid release of the coenzyme, which is the rate‐limiting step of the reaction for this isozyme. Therefore, tamoxifen might improve the antioxidant response, which is compromised in some diseases. Proteins 2015; 83:105–116. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ferrocene encapsulation in carbon nanotubes: Various methods of filling and investigation [Phys. Status Solidi B 248(11), 2512–2515 (2011)]
Authors: Kocsis Dorina , Kaptás Dénes , Botos Ákos , Pekker Áron , Kamarás Katalin 
Published: October 2014

The frequency axis of Fig. 3 is corrected.