bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The comparisons of non‐linear models to describe the growth performance of Lori‐Bakhtiari sheep
Authors: Foroutanifar Saheb , Khaldari Majid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe study of growth traits is of interest to many animal scientists, regardless of specialization, due to the economic importance of growth rate, mature weight and other related traits.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare six non‐linear models for describing the growth of Lori‐Bakhtiari sheep.MethodsIn order to collect weight data, 85 lambs (41 males and 44 females) were reared from birth to 140 days of age, and their growth patterns were recorded by measuring their body weight at 10‐day intervals. Various mathematical functions, including the negative exponential, Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, Morgan–Mercer–Flodin (MMF) and Weibull, were used to model the relationship between body weight records and age.ResultsThe results showed that the MMF and Gompertz models provided the best fit to the body weight data, whereas the negative exponential model exhibited the worst fit. In all models, the asymptotic weight of male lambs was higher than females. The research also revealed differences in growth patterns between male and female lambs. Overall, females had a lower absolute growth rate than males, but they reached their peak growth at an earlier period, and their growth rate declined faster.ConclusionsThe differences in growth patterns between males and females indicate the importance of analysing male and female data separately when describing growth. As a result, Gompertz model can be recommended to Lori‐Bakhtiari female and male lamb breeders to determine more accurate growth traits. In addition, it should be considered that feeding male and female lambs separately according to absolute growth rate values may increase growth performance.
Starobinsky inflation in the swampland
Authors: Lüst Dieter , Masias Joaquin , Muntz Benjamin , Scalisi Marco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We argue that the Starobinsky model of inflation, realised via an R2 term in the Lagrangian, can originate from quantum effects due to a tower of light species. By means of two separate arguments, we show how this implies that the scale of the R2 term must be of order of the species scale Λs, namely the energy at which gravity becomes strongly coupled. We discuss the implications and challenges of this scenario for inflation, inflationary reheating, and string theory embeddings. In this context, we collect strong evidence to conclude that Starobinsky inflation lies in the Swampland.
Substructures of the Weyl group and their physical applications
Authors: Martini Riccardo , Paci Gregorio , Sauro Dario , Vacca Gian Paolo , Zanusso Omar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study substructures of the Weyl group of conformal transformations of the metric of (pseudo)Riemannian manifolds. These substructures are identified by differential constraints on the conformal factors of the transformations which are chosen such that their composition is associative. Mathematically, apart from rare exceptions, they are partial associative groupoids, not groups, so they do not have an algebra of infinitesimal transformations, but this limitation can be partially circumvented using some of their properties cleverly. We classify and discuss the substructures with two-derivatives differential constraints, the most famous of which being known as the harmonic or restricted Weyl group in the physics literature, but we also show the existence of a lightcone constraint which realizes a proper subgroup of the Weyl group. We then show the physical implications that come from invariance under the two most important substructures, concentrating on classical properties of the energy-momentum tensor and a generalization of the quantum trace anomaly. We also elaborate further on the harmonic substructure, which can be interpreted as partial gauge fixing of full Weyl invariance using BRST methods. Finally, we discuss how to construct differential constraints of arbitrary higher-derivative order and present, as examples, generalizations involving scalar constraints with four and six derivatives.
Angling for insights: illuminating light new physics at Mu3e through angular correlations
Authors: Knapen Simon , Langhoff Kevin , Opferkuch Toby , Redigolo Diego 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We examine the capability of Mu3e to probe light new physics scenarios that produce a prompt electron-positron resonance and demonstrate how angular observables are instrumental in enhancing the experimental sensitivity. We systematically investigate the effect of Mu3e’s expected sensitivity on the parameter space of the dark photon, as well as on axion-like particles and light scalars with couplings to muons and electrons.
Perturbations of Q-balls: from spectral structure to radiation pressure
Authors: Ciurla Dominik , Dorey Patrick , Romańczukiewicz Tomasz , Shnir Yakov 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We investigate Q-balls in a 1+1 dimensional complex scalar field theory. We find that the relaxation of a squashed Q-ball is dominated by the decay of a normal mode through nonlinear coupling to scattering modes and a long-lasting quasi-normal mode. We also study how these Q-balls behave when exposed to scalar radiation, finding that for certain conditions they can experience negative radiation pressure.
Dipole superfluid hydrodynamics. Part II.
Authors: Jain Akash , Jensen Kristan , Liu Ruochuan , Mefford Eric 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a dissipative hydrodynamic theory of “s-wave dipole superfluids” that arise in phases of translation-invariant and dipole-symmetric models in which the U(1) symmetry is spontaneously broken. The hydrodynamic description is subtle on account of an analogue of dangerously irrelevant operators, which requires us to formalize an entirely new derivative counting scheme suitable for these fluids. We use our hydrodynamic model to investigate the linearized response of such a fluid, characterized by sound modes ω ~ ±k – ik2, shear modes ω ~ –ik2, and magnon-like propagating modes ω ~ ±k2 – ik4 that are the dipole-invariant version of superfluid “second sound” modes. We find that these fluids can also admit equilibrium states with “dipole superflow” that resemble a polarized medium. Finally, we couple our theory to slowly varying background fields, which allows us to compute response functions of hydrodynamic operators and Kubo formulas for hydrodynamic transport coefficients.
Data-driven topology optimization using a multitask conditional variational autoencoder with persistent homology
Authors: Sugai Tomotaka , Shintani Kohei , Yamada Takayuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTopology optimization is crucial for the mechanical design of vehicles and aircraft, allowing changes in the shape of structures and the placement of features. Recent advances have integrated deep generative models, particularly convolutional neural networks, to streamline this process.to streamline this process. However, these models struggle to preserve subtle structural features. To overcome these limitations, this study introduced a generative model adept at identifying the topological features inherent in real shapes, such as connectivity and holes, to enhance the effectiveness of topology optimization. A conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) was employed to predict both the shape and compliance simultaneously. This model, CVAE with persistent homology, generates optimal material distributions by considering topological properties. The learning process introduced a term that minimizes the difference in topological features between true and reconstructed shapes. The proposed model can generate optimal material distributions by considering topological properties, eliminating the need for iterative calculations. This approach was validated using two numerical examples. The accuracy of the generated material distributions was compared with conventional methods using the mean-squared error. An average improvement in accuracy of approximately 36.85% was observed across the two results. This confirms that shapes considering compliance and connectivity can be accurately predicted.
Pre- and in-process dimensional compensation in the selective thermoplastic electrophotographic process
Authors: Shan Shuo , Yeh Hao-Ping , Hansen Hans Nørgaard , Hattel Jesper Henri , Zhang Yang , Calaon Matteo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs a cutting-edge additive manufacturing (AM) technology, the selective thermoplastic electrophotographic process (STEP) has opened up possibilities for mass production with its combination of real engineering plastics and potential high part quality. To improve the accuracy and fidelity of STEP for the most demanding applications, this paper proposes a novel method encompassing both pre-processing and in-process dimensional compensations. Iterative compensation before production is achieved through physics-driven simulation, resulting in input masks that better match the required dimensions at the design level. Layer-wise compensation is implemented during the production process through the laser profiler system, thereby suppressing the accumulation of surface unevenness during printing. With the compensation method proposed in this paper, the maximum distortion during simulated printing is decreased by 86.2%, and surface unevenness is effectively controlled during the printing process.
Oswald Schmiedeberg (1838–1921)
Authors: Greim Helmut 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOswald Schmiedeberg was born in one of the former Baltic provinces of Russia. He studied medicine in Dorpat (Tartu) and joined the Institute of Pharmacology of Rudolf Buchheim in Dorpat. After promotion (1866) and habilitation (1868), he succeeded Buchheim as director of the institute. During this time, he further developed the experimental methods leading to the improvement of pharmacological knowledge introduced by Buchheim. In 1872, he became director of the Institute of Pharmakologie of the newly founded Kaiser-Wilhelm University in Strasbourg. He held this position for over 42 years until the end of the World War 1 when all Germans had to leave the former Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen. He settled next to his friend and colleague Naunyn in Baden-Baden, where he died in 1921. Holmstedt and Liljestrand’s (1963) History of Pharmacology and Toxicology noted, “Schmiedeberg was undoubtedly the most prominent pharmacologist of his time.” He had about 120 pupils, about 40 of them occupied pharmacology chairs throughout the world. In the USA, John Jacob Abel, after his return to the USA, became the “father of American pharmacology”. In 1873, Schmiedeberg, together with the pathologist Klebs (Prague) and the clinician Naunyn (Königsberg), founded the Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. When Naunyn died in 1925, the periodical was named Naunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archiv, from volume 110 onwards. In 1969, the designation “experimental pathology” was dropped, since nearly all papers submitted for some time past dealt with pharmacology. In 1883, Schmiedeberg published the Grundriss der Arzneimittellehre, the later edits with the title Grundriss der Pharmakologie in Bezug auf Arzneimittellehre und Toxikologie.
Equivariant Topological T-Duality
Authors: Dove Tom , Schick Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTopological T-duality is a relationship between pairs (E, P) over a fixed space X, where $$E \rightarrow X$$

E
→
X

is a principal torus bundle and $$P \rightarrow E$$

P
→
E

is a twist, such as a gerbe for a principal $$PU({\mathcal {H}})$$

P
U
(
H
)

-bundle. This is of interest to topologists because of the T-duality transformation: a T-duality relation between pairs (E, P) and $$({\hat{E}}, {\hat{P}})$$

(

E
^

,

P
^

)

comes with an isomorphism (with degree shift) between the twisted K-theory of E and the twisted K-theory of $${\hat{E}}$$

E
^

. We formulate topological T-duality for circle bundles in the equivariant setting, following the definition of Bunke, Rumpf, and Schick. We define the T-duality transformation in equivariant K-theory and show that it is an isomorphism for all compact Lie groups, equal to its own inverse and uniquely characterized by naturality and a normalization for trivial situations.
Dupilumab induces hair regrowth in pediatric alopecia areata: a real-world, single-center observational study
Authors: David Eden , Shokrian Neda , Del Duca Ester , Meariman Marguerite , Glickman Jacob , Ghalili Sabrina , Jung Seungyeon , Tan Kathryn , Ungar Benjamin , Guttman-Yassky Emma 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is nonscarring hair loss characterized by Th1 and concomitant Th2 skewing, particularly in atopic patients. Despite novel developments for adult AA, safe and effective treatments for pediatric patients remain limited. Dupilumab, with a well-studied safety profile, may have therapeutic potential for atopic pediatric AA. To evaluate the ability of dupilumab to regrow hair in pediatric AA patients. We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study to evaluate hair regrowth [using Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT)] with dupilumab in 20 children with both AD and AA (age range 5–16 years, mean 10.8 years; baseline SALT range 3–100, mean 54.4). Patient demographics, atopic history, IgE and SALT scores were collected at 12wk follow-up visits, up to > 72wks, to evaluate hair regrowth. Spearman correlations with clinical data were performed. Patients showed clinical improvement over the follow-up period (range 24 to > 72wks, mean 67.6wks) with significant mean(± SD) reduction in SALT at 48wks versus baseline [20.4(± 35.1) vs 54.4(± 37.6), respectively; p < 0.01] and continued improvement up to > 72wks [2.2(± 4.9), p < 0.01]. Baseline SALT positively correlated with disease duration (r = 0.54, p < 0.01), and negatively correlated with improvement in SALT at weeks 24, 36, and 48 (|r|≥ 0.65, p < 0.01 for all comparisons). Baseline IgE positively correlated with improvement in SALT at week 36 (r > 0.60, p < 0.05). Dupilumab was well-tolerated, with no new safety concerns. These real-world data support the utility of dupilumab to safely treat pediatric AA patients, corroborating the role of Th2 skewing in children with AA and associated atopy, warranting larger clinical trials.
Platelet rich fibrin augmented tympanoplasty versus cartilage tympanoplasty: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Al-Arman Ahmad Muhammad , Moneir Waleed , Amer Hazem Emam , Ebada Hisham Atef 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of PRF-augmented fascia tympanoplasty versus cartilage tympanoplasty in repair of large TM perforations.

Methods
This randomized clinical trial included 156 patients with dry large tympanic membrane perforations. Patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups, cartilage tympanoplasty group (n = 77) and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) augmented tympanoplasty group (n = 79). Graft take rates, hearing outcomes, operative time, and postoperative complications were documented and compared.

Results
Graft take rate was 96.1% in the cartilage group and 93.7% PRF group with no statistically significant difference. Operative time was significantly longer in the cartilage group. No differences in the hearing outcomes and postoperative complications were reported.

Conclusion
Application of PRF on the fascia in tympanoplasty promotes healing of the tympanic membrane. PRF is safe, cheap, readily available, and easily prepared and applied. It increases the success rates of large tympanic membrane perforations without the need for cartilage grafts.
The Association between Social Support and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis use among Sexual Minority Men in the United States: A Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Nacht Carrie L. , Reynolds Hannah E. , Jessup Owen , Amato Marianna , Storholm Erik D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSexual minority men (SMM) are disproportionately affected by HIV. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective way of reducing HIV incidence, PrEP use has remained relatively low. Social support may be one effective factor in increasing PrEP use among SMM, but the association between social support and PrEP use/adherence is not well understood. The objective of this paper was to summarize the current literature on the association of social support and PrEP use among SMM in the United States. A systematic search was conducted using six different databases MEDLINE / PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, Google Scholar, Embase, and Web of Science using terms established from keywords and medical subject headings (MeSH) terms before being adapted to each database. Data were extracted for key study factors (e.g., study population, geographic location, study design) and main findings. This search produced eleven articles: ten manuscripts and one conference abstract. Of these, two were randomized control trials, two were interventions, three were qualitative, and four were cross-sectional. The studies were widespread across the country, but most were in major metropolitan areas. From the articles included in this review, findings were inconsistent in the association between social support; some studies showed null findings, others that only certain sources of social support were significant, and others that there was a significant association between social support and PrEP use. This review highlights the complexity of the relationship between social support and PrEP use among SMM, indicating the need for further research to identify specific types and sources of support that effectively enhance PrEP uptake and adherence. Targeted interventions based on these insights could significantly reduce HIV incidence in the population.
A hybrid method for the intelligent effectiveness management of production operators
Authors: Kochańska Joanna , Musiał Kamil , Łapczyńska Dagmara , Xavior M. Anthony , Jeyapandiarajan P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe paper presents a hybrid method for the effective management of human resources when executing production processes. The method was proposed for managing production operators in systems of relatively high complexity—with the possibility of multiple alternative ways of designating operators to production stations. The method combines a novel approach of assessing the effectiveness of production operators, the use of an intelligent algorithm and the risk assessment method. The concept of effectiveness was used in the sense of a praxeological approach. Availability, performance and quality were defined as its components, and were evaluated through the prism of losses occurring in production processes. The aim of the study is to develop a hybrid method in order to delegate production operators to tasks, not only on the basis of a competence metric, but also on the basis of an individual effectiveness indicator and the risk assessment of production process stages. For this purpose, a novel method of assessing the effectiveness of the use of available resources when implementing production processes (based on a set of quantitative indicators and taking into account the categorization of production losses) was juxtaposed using the Tabu Search algorithm and the FMEA method. The method enables a near-optimal solution to be generated—one in which operators are assigned to production tasks in the most effective way possible, which in turn minimizes both the risk of production delays and quality defects due to operator fault.
Reduced accrual of mineral-associated organic matter after two years of enhanced rock weathering in cropland soils, though no net losses of soil organic carbon
Authors: Sokol Noah W. , Sohng Jaeeun , Moreland Kimber , Slessarev Eric , Goertzen Heath , Schmidt Radomir , Samaddar Sandipan , Holzer Iris , Almaraz Maya , Geoghegan Emily , Houlton Benjamin , Montañez Isabel , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Scow Kate 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnhanced rock weathering (ERW), the application of crushed silicate rock to soil, can remove atmospheric carbon dioxide by converting it to (bi) carbonate ions or solid carbonate minerals. However, few studies have empirically evaluated ERW in field settings. A critical question remains as to whether additions of crushed rock might positively or negatively affect soil organic matter (SOM)—Earth’s largest terrestrial organic carbon (C) pool and a massive reservoir of organic nitrogen (N). Here, in three irrigated cropland field trials in California, USA, we investigated the effect of crushed meta-basalt rock additions on different pools of soil organic carbon and nitrogen (i.e., mineral-associated organic matter, MAOM, and particulate organic matter, POM), active microbial biomass, and microbial community composition. After 2 years of crushed rock additions, MAOM stocks were lower in the upper surface soil (0–10 cm) of plots with crushed rock compared to unamended control plots. At the 2 sites where baseline pre-treatment data were available, neither total SOC nor SON decreased over the 2 years of study in plots with crushed rock or unamended control plots. However, the accrual rate of MAOM-C and MAOM-N at 0–10 cm was lower in plots with crushed rock vs. unamended controls. Before ERW is deployed at large scales, our results suggest that field trials should assess the effects of crushed rock on SOM pools, especially over multi-year time scales and in different environmental contexts, to accurately assess changes in net C and understand the mechanisms driving interactions between ERW and SOM cycling.
Looking through the lens of “essential workers”: a landscape of (im)mobility, labor, and social reproduction
Authors: Caglar Ayse 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article explores the contradictions the category of “essential workers” entails, especially in conjunction with the governance of their mobility, citizenship, and the dilemmas thereof. I concentrate on the temporary/seasonal migrant workers as the epitome of essential workers’ paradoxical assemblage of rights and value to scrutinize both labor and its production and reproduction in contemporary capitalism. The essential workers were not only caught between mobility and immobility but also between visibility and invisibility vis-à-vis their activity as labor and, outside of it, between worthlessness and being of value. Their governance and location in society and economy reveal the structural dilemmas of capital and labor, as well as social reproduction in contemporary capitalism.