bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic compounds in metallic hydrogen
Authors: Ackland Graeme , Seeyangnok Jakkapat , Pinsook Udomsilp 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Metallic hydrogen[1] is the most common condensed material in the universe,
comprising the centre of gas giant planets[2–4] However, experimental studies are
extremely challenging[5–8], and most of our understanding of this material has
been led by theory. Chemistry in this environment has not been probed experi-
mentally, so here we examine hydrocarbon chemistry in metallic hydrogen using
density functional theory calculations[9, 10]. We find that carbon and oxygen
react with metallic hydrogen to produce an entirely new type of hydrocarbon
chemistry based on sixfold coordinated carbon with organic-style molecules CH6,
C2H8, C3H10 OH3 and CH4OH. These are charged molecules stabilised by the
metallic environment. Their associated electric fields are screened, giving oscil-
lation in the surrounding electron and proton densities. In view of the excess
hydrogen we refer to them as hypermethane, hyperethane etc. The relationship
to traditional chemistry is that the metallic background acts as an electron donor
and stabilizes negatively charged ions. This enables the formation of six cova-
lent bonds per carbon atom, or three per oxygen atom. This demonstrates that
organic chemistry may take place in very different environments from those found
on earth, and may be common throughout the universe.
Heavy Metal and Bacteria Contamination of Selected Wetland Ecosystems on the Eastern Slope of Mount Cameroon: Implications for Human and Ecosystem Health
Authors: Fonge Beatrice Ambo , Shu Vejiline Lum-Ndob , Awo Miranda Egbe , Katte Nsiyapnze Katte Yato , Tabot Pascal Tabi , Asare Derrick Adu , Emikpe Benjamin Obukowho 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The wetland ecosystems on Mount Cameroon's eastern slope, known for their agroecological significance and biodiversity, are facing potential threats such as heavy metal and bacterial contamination due to poor waste management systems and anthropogenic activities. A study was conducted to quantify the heavy metals and bacterial loads in Solanum scabrum Mill., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss., three major vegetables grown in the area. Soil and water samples were collected and analyzed for the concentrations of 36 elements, including heavy metals, using the Inductively Coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) approach. The bacteria in the samples were isolated and cultured in lactose broth, and the total coliform count was estimated using the Maximum Probable Number (MPN) technique. The heavy metals in both soil and plant samples occurred in the order Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Co > Pb > Fe > Al. The contamination indices of Mn > 5807.3 and Cr > 4698.3 indicated varied sources of these metal contaminants. The bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) was >1 for most of the metals, with T. fruticosum having the highest BAC value (3.60) for the leaves. The mean bacteria count indicated high contamination with Enterobacteria (600CFU) and E. coli (500CFU) in vegetables across all sampling sites. The high concentration of bacterial contaminants in the soil, water, and plants across the study sites indicates a high health risk, making the ecosystem not pristine and thus impossible for these wetlands to improve food security. Consequently, this study provides crucial information for policymakers and stakeholders to develop effective strategies for the conservation and sustainable management of these wetlands.
Nursing case of Antifungal Drug-induced Phlebitis in a Patient with Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Wen Jia-Quan , Guo Xing-Yu , Xie Yan-Qun , Zhang Jun-Jun , Mei Jun-Hui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This article summarized the nursing experience of phlebitis caused by intravenous infusion of amphotericin B cholesterol sulfate complex in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. The focus of nursing care was to use infrared rays of a specific electromagnetic wave therapy device to treat the patient's phlebitis. After 30 minutes each time, twice a day, the patient's phlebitis was cured after 6 days of continuous use. It ensured the smooth progress of antifungal treatment of the patient.
Enhancing Workflow Efficiency: A Modified Firefly Algorithm for Hybrid Cloud-Edge Environments
Authors: Alsadie Deafallah , Alsulami Musleh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Efficient scheduling of scientific workflows in cloud computing environments is essential for optimizing resource utilization and minimizing completion time. In this study, we comprehensively evaluate different scheduling algorithms, focusing on the Modified Firefly Optimization Algorithm (ModFOA) in comparison with existing methods like Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Our investigation considers key performance metrics such as makespan, resource utilization, and energy consumption across diverse configurations and scenarios. Scientific workflows often involve intricate tasks with dependencies, posing challenges for efficient scheduling. While existing algorithms have shown promise, they may not fully address the unique requirements of cloud environments, leading to suboptimal outcomes. Therefore, we propose evaluating ModFOA’s effectiveness in scheduling scientific workflows in the cloud. Through comparative analysis, ModFOA demonstrates superior performance in terms of makespan, achieving lower completion times across various configurations. Additionally, ModFOA exhibits competitive resource utilization and moderate energy consumption, positioning it as a promising solution for optimizing workflow scheduling in cloud environments. This study underscores the significance of selecting efficient scheduling algorithms and highlights ModFOA’s potential in improving workflow scheduling and resource management in cloud environments. Further research could focus on refining ModFOA parameters and validating its practicality in real-world cloud computing scenarios.
Family-wide analysis of human macrodomains reveals novel activities
Authors: Weixler* Lisa , Žaja* Roko , Ikenga Nonso J. , Mohan Ganga , Aydin Gülcan , Wijngaarden Sven , Filippov Dmitri V. , Lüscher Bernhard , Feijs-Žaja Karla L. H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

ADP-ribosylation is well-known as protein posttranslational modification and was recently also identified as RNA posttranscriptional modification. ADP-ribose is added onto substrates by PARP enzymes and removed by the structurally distinct ADP-ribosylhydrolases (ARH) or macrodomain-containing proteins. When macrodomain proteins were identified as hydrolases a decade ago, many ADP-ribosylation substrates were not yet identified. Therefore, the majority of macrodomain-containing proteins have not been tested towards these additional substrates and were considered to be inactive. Here, we compare in vitro activities of the human macrodomain-containing proteins on a wide range of ADP-ribosylated substrates. We confirm recent findings that PARP9 macro1 and PARP14macro1 can reverse ADP-ribosylation from acidic residues and provide evidence that also PARP14macro2 and PARP15macro2 can function as ADP-ribosylhydrolases. In addition we identified both PARP9macro1 and PARP14macro1 as RNA decapping protein domains. Notwithstanding these in vitro activities, our data further show that PARG is the major RNA decapping enzyme in HEK293 cells. Together, our findings expand on defining catalytic functions of macrodomains including some previously thought to be only readers.

*Lisa Weixler and Roko Žaja are shared first authors.
Augmenting Early Stroke Diagnosis With an Eye-Tracker
Authors: Hassan Mohamed Abul , Zhuang Yan , E-Rabbi Mohammed , Aldridge Chad , Southerland  , Rohde Gustavo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Posterior circulation stroke (PCS) presents significant diagnostic challenges due to poorly localizing and non-specific symptoms, such as dizziness, nausea, and headache, which are often misattributed to benign conditions. This study introduces an innovative diagnostic tool that utilizes a machine learning algorithm-driven eye tracker to enhance early diagnosis of PCS. Our approach involves analyzing eye movements during three standard neurological eye examinations: the Dot Test, H Test, and Optokinetic Nystagmus (OKN) Test. The Discrete Radon Cumulative Distribution Transform (DRCDT) and nearest subspace (NS) classification methods were employed to distinguish between PCS patients and healthy controls by identifying specific eye movement patterns. Results demonstrate that the ensemble model combining the three tests achieved the highest sensitivity and accuracy, with a sensitivity of 96\% and an accuracy of 88\%, in diagnosing PCS. This study's findings underscore the potential of an eye-tracker-based diagnostic tool to support a more accurate and efficient diagnosis, particularly for non-neurology trained providers, which would improve patient outcomes with more timely and appropriate treatment. The proposed tool offers a practical solution to the limitations of current diagnostic methods, such as the need for calibration and reliance on highly trained specialists, and can be seamlessly integrated into clinical settings to support emergency medical services (EMS) and emergency department (ED) triage.
Large language models auto-profile conscious awareness changes under psychedelic drug effects
Authors: Bzdok Danilo , Carhart-Harris Robin , Savignac Chloe , Bell Gregory , Laureys Steven 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Psychedelic experiences open a colorful view into drug-induced changes in conscious awareness. Small-sample studies on psychedelic drug action have gained traction in recent years. Yet, today’s means for measuring changes in subjective experience are mostly limited to legacy questionnaires of pre-assumed relevance, which could be complemented by bottom-up explorations of semantic facets that underlie experience reports. Here, we show how to harness large language models (LLMs) to i) design from scratch, ii) annotate at scale, and iii) evaluate with rigor a vast portfolio of experience dimensions during psychoactive drug influence, yielding > 2 million automatic dimension ratings that would otherwise have been done by hand. Investigator-independent LLM scoring of these drug effects on the human mind alone allowed to robustly discriminate the unique mental effects of 30 psychoactive substances. Successful knowledge integration of how psychedelics mediate shifts in subjective awareness will be an unavoidable milestone towards charting the full drug design space.
Preliminary Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Malva parviflora against respiratory and dermatological pathogens
Authors: Madisha Jacobus Kori 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Malva parviflora fruit and leaves abstracts was exposed for abstraction with acetone and methanol used dissolvent tested for antiseptic property by micro-dilution and agar well diffusion method against eight microbial liable for breathing and dermatological infections. The ethanol extracts exhibited relatively higher zone of inhibition (24) Haemophilus influenza against Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC were stable by micro dilution technique and documented both acetone and methanol abstracts at 0.195-25 mg/ml. Preliminary Phytochemical study exposed the flexible existence of secondary metabolites including tannins, steroid, terpenoid, saponin, Flavonoid, phenol, Glycoside, Alkaloid and Anthraquinone. Since the outcomes, it be able to be resolved that M. parviflora takes noteworthy natural activities against tried bacteria and can be used in treatment improvement against respiratory and dermatological infections.
Used vs Preferred Dissemination Channels and Implementation Strategies for Concussion/mTBI Resources in Military Primary Care
Authors: Gano Amanda , Bell Kathryn 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Concussion is a significant medical condition in military medicine requiring knowledge of evidence-based best practices by medical providers. Military primary care managers (PCMs) are often tasked with caring for this condition from point of injury to return to duty. Multiple evidence-based tools exist to guide military PCMs in the assessment and treatment of this condition, but little is known about the dissemination channels and implementation strategies (D&I) that are most preferred by military PCMs to receive these resources.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study using an internet-based survey disseminated via social media was conducted to determine the concordance between currently used vs preferred dissemination channels and implementation strategies in current and former PCMs of military service members and veterans. Percentage point differences between currently used and preferred channels and strategies were calculated to determine level of agreement. A McNemar Test was used to determine statistical significance.
Results
Dissemination strategies in which providers indicated that they preferred more than they were receiving were professional conferences, seminars at their clinics or institutions, infographics, podcasts produced by professional organizations, online videos by professional organizations, and email listserv. For implementation strategies, providers indicated that they wanted significantly more practice facilitation, needs assessments, addressing clinical specific barriers, technology solutions, in-person training events, audit and feedback, external consultations, and local interdisciplinary work-groups than were currently being used. The only implementation strategy that providers indicated receiving more than they would actually prefer was web-based training. Professional conferences, seminars, online peer reviewed clinical resources, and online clinical recommendations for providers, in that order, were the most preferred dissemination channels by participants. Practice facilitation, in-person training, and clinical specific needs assessments were the most preferred implementation strategies.
Conclusion
Consideration of provider preferences in D&I strategy by organizations that produce evidence-based guidance on concussion may enhance the use of existing recommendations by PCMs, increase military treatment facility compliance with metrics, and enhance patient outcomes.
Laparoscopy in post operative adhesive intestinal obstruction in children, is it a good option?
Authors: Oshiba Ahmed , Kotb Mostafa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is one of the major complications of abdominal surgery in children.(1, 2) Although the incidence of postoperative ASBO varies according to the type of operation performed, its incidence in children has been estimated to be between 1 and 5%.(3, 4) Surgical intervention is frequently necessary (in 35–45% of cases) to mitigate the risk of complications such as intestinal perforation and gangrene.
Objectives: our study aims to assess the efficacy of the laparoscopic approach in postoperative adhesive intestinal obstruction in children, focusing on postoperative recovery, pain management, and cosmetic outcomes.
Patients and methods: A total of 28 children exhibiting signs and symptoms indicative of intestinal obstruction (including bilious and non-bilious vomiting, abdominal distension, tenderness, and absence of stool passage) were enrolled. Additionally, an erect X-ray of the abdomen and pelvis was performed to visualize air-fluid levels. According to our institutional protocol, all children were admitted to our unit and placed on oral gastrograffin therapy while being kept nil by mouth; a nasogastric tube was inserted. Daily erect X-rays were conducted to monitor progress.
Results: Twenty patients failed to respond to conservative treatment and required exploration. Following a 48-hour period with no clinical or radiological improvement, laparoscopic exploration was pursued.
Conclusion: we sum up that the use of laparoscopy in post operative adhesive intestinal obstruction in children is safe and effective regarding the operative time, intraoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay and recovery.
Meta-Topolin induced highly efficient plant regeneration from various explants of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Gande Kranthikumar , Marapaka Vasudha , Jogam Phanikanth , Peddaboina Venkataiah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the essential vegetables worldwide, and cultivated genotypes of eggplant suffer from numerous abiotic and biotic stresses. A reproducible and efficient plant regeneration system is crucial for applying molecular breeding methods to overcome the difficulties of conventional breeding programs to improve eggplant germplasm, such as genetic transformation and genome editing techniques. The three explant types, cotyledon, hypocotyl, and leaf, were obtained from two different cultivars, Pusa purple long (PPL) and Pusa green red (PGR) of eggplant. Three explants were cultivated on media augmented with a variety of cytokinins like BAP, mT, and ZEA with different concentrations. The media supplemented with mT at 8.28 µM generated the highest number of shoots, which showed the optimum regeneration efficiency for all three explants in two eggplant genotypes. The cotyledon explants generated the optimum number of shoot buds on the medium amended with low concentrations of BAP (2.22 µM), KIN (2.32 µM), and ZEA (2.28 µM), and mT at 8.28 µM. The mT (8.28 µM) and BAP at 2.22 µM combinations produced 25.8 and 18.3 shoots in PPL and PGR genotypes, respectively. The addition of various concentrations of IAA (1.43 to 5.71 µM), IBA (1.23 to 4.92 µM), and NAA (1.34 to 5.37 µM) in combination with mT (8.28 µM) were evaluated to find out their role on the induction and proliferation of numerous shoot buds from cotyledon explants of two cultivars of eggplant. The medium augmented with mT (8.28 µM) and IAA (2.85 µM) produced 26.4 shoots and 17.8 shoots in cotyledon explants of PPL and PGR cultivars, respectively. The optimum rooting efficiency of shoots was recorded on the medium containing the IAA (5.71 µM) and produced complete plantlets. The plantlets showed 100% similarity with their mother plants.
Microbial Community Diversity and Succession of Casing Soil during Oudemansiella raphanipes Cultivation
Authors: Tan XIAO , Li Xinlei , Elbassiony Khalid Ragaei Abdraboh , Wang Honglei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this study, high-throughput sequencing(HTS) was used to demonstrate the microbial community diversity and succession of casing soil during Oudemansiella raphanipes cultivation. The abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi were the highest in the original soil of vegetable soil, and decreased in casing soil, but increased at the end of the mushroom formation. /As the mushroom formation progressed, bacterial aspects, some microorganisms that are often found in heavy metal contaminated soils such as Massilia, Sphingomonas, and Cupriavidus increased in abundance. In terms of fungi, the dominant fungi in the vegetable soil and at the end of the mushroom formation stage was Thermoascus, and the abundance of some plant and animal pathogens, such as Candida, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Chaetomium, increased in the first and second mushroom formation stages.This study revealed microbial community succession of casing soil during Oudemansiella raphanipes cultivation, providing theoretical support to improve the yield and quality of Oudemansiella raphanipes by adjusting the casing soil, and also to find solutions for disease control.
Understanding the access to and use of digital technology by people in the criminal legal system: Empirical findings from Wales
Authors: Morgan Gemma , Walker Charlotte 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
There is growing recognition of digital technology's role in supporting desistance and improving the well-being and social inclusion of people in the criminal legal system (CLS). However, it remains significantly under-researched within England and Wales despite its implications for prison and probation policy and practice. This article provides empirical insights into the access to and use of digital technology and the digital competency of 41 people with offending histories in Wales, UK. The study utilises and supports Reisdorf and Rikard’s (2018) digital rehabilitation model, which highlights the interconnectedness of the digital and social world and the need for CLS support to integrate digital competency skills and access to digital technology to help people desist from crime.
Results
The study revealed that people experience varying levels of digital exclusion, from not owning any digital hardware (smartphones, laptops, computers and tablets) to being unable to afford data for their devices and not having the digital competency to use digital technology effectively. We highlight the implications for people accessing support that can facilitate desistance and the need for training to improve digital skills.
Conclusion
Our findings further support Reisdorf and Rikard’s (2018) digital rehabilitation model. We argue that online and offline spaces are intertwined, and understanding and addressing the digital needs of people in the CLS is essential to prevent further marginalisation and support desistance and other positive outcomes.
Enantiomer-Selective Magnetoresistance in Chiral Gold Nanocrystals by Magnetic Control of Surface Potentials
Authors: Yan Binghai , Wu Fengxia , Wang Ying , Zhao Yufei , Tian Yu , Xie Zuoti , Niu Wenxin , Guo Cunlan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Chiral nanomaterials offer intriguing possibilities for novel electronic and chemical applications. Here, we report the discovery of an enantiomer-selective magnetoresistance effect in chiral gold nanocrystals. Based on precise control of nanocrystal chiral morphology using amino acid-directed synthesis, we demonstrate that an external magnetic field can dramatically modulate resistance in an enantiomer-specific manner. For a given enantiomer, a magnetic field in one direction alters the resistance by over an order of magnitude, while the opposite field direction leaves it unchanged. This asymmetric response reverses for the opposite enantiomer.
We attribute this phenomenon to a novel chirality-driven charge trapping mechanism, where the interplay between the chiral nanocrystal morphology and the magnetic field selectively modifies the surface potential. The magnitude and sign of the magnetoresistance can be further tuned by the surface chemistry of the nanocrystal, as demonstrated through sulfide treatment. Our findings reveal a new form of chirality-dependent magnetoresistance, distinct from previously known effects such as chirality-induced spin selectivity and electric magnetochiral anisotropy.
The ability to remotely control surface potentials of chiral nanostructures using magnetic fields could enable novel approaches in catalysis, drug delivery, and nanoelectronics.
Genetic Factor in the Risk of Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Liya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this article, we use multistage models to simulate the data of surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registry. The data are age-specific incidence rates of breast cancer of females in the United States. Our results indicate that the proportion of the mutation carriers of breast cancer genes is 16% and the proportion of the non-mutation carriers of breast cancer genes is 84%, and 2 gene mutations are most likely to occur in the development of the mutation carriers of breast cancer genes. In addition, the genetic components in the younger is higher than that in the older groups, which is in accordance with observations that the genetic effects are strongest in early-onset cancers.