bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of using a standardized patient encounter for training chiropractic students in tobacco cessation counseling
Authors: Hawk Cheryl , Kaeser Martha A. , Beavers David V. 
Published: June 2013

Objective
Although tobacco cessation training is included in many health profession programs, it is not yet routinely incorporated into chiropractic education. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of incorporating a problem-based learning tobacco cessation activity into a lecture course for chiropractic students.

Methods
Seventy-two students were assigned to participate in two 1-hour lectures on health promotion counseling and tobacco cessation followed by an experiential student-driven lab session using standardized patients at various stages of dependency and willingness to quit. The intervention was based on the transtheoretic model and the “5 A's” of counseling (ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange). Outcomes were assessed via (1) questionnaires completed by the standardized patients regarding the students' use of the 5A's, and (2) questionnaires completed by the students using a 5-point Likert scale of “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” on the acceptability of this method of learning. Descriptive statistics were computed.

Results
Sixty-eight students (94%) completed the activity, spending a median of 2.5 minutes with patients. Over 90% addressed 4 of the 5A's: 99% asked patients if they were smokers; 97% advised them to quit; 90% assessed if they were willing to quit; and 99% offered assistance in quitting. Only 79% arranged a follow-up visit. Overall, students expressed a positive response to the experience; 81% said it increased their confidence in being able to advise patients, and 77% felt it would be valuable for use in their future practice.

Conclusion
This active learning exercise appeared to be a feasible way to introduce tobacco counseling into the curriculum.
A comparison of the efficacy of test-driven learning versus self-assessment learning
Authors: He Xiaohua , Canty Anne 
Published: June 2013

Objective
We compared self-assessment and test-driven learning in two groups of students who studied the same subject.

Methods
This was a randomized comparative experimental study. The subjects were 259 first-quarter students who were divided into a test group and a self-assessment group based on the methods they used for their learning assessments. We measured the scores and difficulty levels of 3 formal written exams. Students' attitudes toward self-assessment or test-driven learning were surveyed.

Results
The mean scores of exam 1, exam 2, and a summative exam were 34 (±6), 32 (±8), and 44 (±6) for the self-assessment group, respectively, with corresponding scores of 33 (±6), 33 (±7), 43 (±6) for the test group. There were no significant differences in the mean scores on all 3 tests between the two groups (p &gt; .05). Of the students in the self-assessment group, 64% scored at least 90%, whereas 47% of students in the test group answered at least 90% of the questions correctly (p &lt; .001). For the survey, students expressed a positive attitude toward both learning strategies.

Conclusion
Both self-assessment and tests could have a significant impact on students' learning, but each offers different strengths and weaknesses.
An investigation into the demographics and motivations of students studying for a chiropractic degree
Authors: Yalden Philip , Cunliffe Christina , Hunnisett Adrian 
Published: June 2013

Objective
This research aimed to investigate motivations for studying chiropractic, and to determine what students look for in a course/college and potential barriers to studying chiropractic.

Methods
The study design was a cross-sectional survey. Following IRB/Ethical approval, a paper-based questionnaire was distributed to students at McTimoney College of Chiropractic. Demographic data were compared to another chiropractic college in the United Kingdom.

Results
The questionnaire response rate was 70.8% (n = 121). Motivating factors for studying chiropractic included a desire to help others (54.5%, n = 66), with 44.6% (n = 54) attracted by chiropractic's holistic, drugless approach to health. Previous help from chiropractic influenced 55.4% (n = 67) and 22.3% (n = 27) felt chiropractic had “changed their life.” Just over half of the respondents (55.4%, n = 67) viewed the ability to work while studying as extremely important and 73.6% (n = 89) said they could not have studied chiropractic without this.

Conclusion
Previous help from chiropractic care was a common motivation for studying chiropractic. The ability to work while studying was seen as vital by many students and, without it, the vast majority felt they could not have studied chiropractic.
Composite Three‐Dimensional Woven Scaffolds with Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels to Create Functional Synthetic Articular Cartilage
Authors: Liao I‐Chien , Moutos Franklin T. , Estes Bradley T. , Zhao Xuanhe , Guilak Farshid 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe development of synthetic biomaterials that possess mechanical properties mimicking those of native tissues remains an important challenge to the field of materials. In particular, articular cartilage is a complex nonlinear, viscoelastic, and anisotropic material that exhibits a very low coefficient of friction, allowing it to withstand millions of cycles of joint loading over decades of wear. Here, a three‐dimensionally woven fiber scaffold that is infiltrated with an interpenetrating network hydrogel can build a functional biomaterial that provides the load‐bearing and tribological properties of native cartilage. An interpenetrating dual‐network “tough‐gel” consisting of alginate and polyacrylamide was infused into a porous three‐dimensionally woven poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) fiber scaffold, providing a versatile fiber‐reinforced composite structure as a potential acellular or cell‐based replacement for cartilage repair.
Size‐ and Shape‐Dependent Fluorescence Quenching of Gold Nanoparticles on Perylene Dye
Authors: Xue Chenming , Xue Yuhua , Dai Liming , Urbas Augustine , Li Quan 
Published: June 2013

Organo‐soluble decane thiol monolayer‐protected gold nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes are homogenously mixed with strong fluorescent perylene diimide (PDI) dye molecules in both solution and solid states. The effect of the doped gold nanoparticles on PDI is investigated by UV–vis, fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman experiments. The gold nanoparticles are found to modify the strong fluorescence properties of PDI depending on particle size and shape. The smallest spherical gold nanoparticles (2.6 nm) exhibit the strongest quenching effect. When the smallest spherical gold nanoparticles are cast on the PDI soaked paper followed by drying and/or sealing in a polydimethylsiloxane film, the area with gold nanoparticles shows significant quenching effects under a UV light but appears visually identical to the surrounding area under daylight. This demonstrates the potential to introduce gold nanoparticles into practical applications such as antifraud technologies.
Schistosomiasis Chemotherapy
Authors: Thétiot‐Laurent Sophie A.‐L. , Boissier Jérôme , Robert Anne , Meunier Bernard 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAfter malaria, schistosomiasis (or bilharzia) is the second most prevalent disease in Africa, and is occurring in over 70 countries in tropical and subtropical regions. It is estimated that 600 million people are at risk of infection, 200 million people are infected, and at least 200 000 deaths per year are associated with the disease. All schistosome species are transmitted through contact with fresh water that is infested with free‐swimming forms of the parasite, which is known as cercariae and produced by snails. When located in the blood vessels of the host, larval and adult schistosomes digest red cells to acquire amino acids for growth and development. Vaccine candidates have been unsuccessful up to now. Against such devastating parasitic disease, the antischistosomal arsenal is currently limited to a single drug, praziquantel, which has been used for more than 35 years. Because the question of the reduction of the activity of praziquantel was raised recently, it is thus urgent to create new and safe antischistosomal drugs that should be combined with praziquantel to develop efficient bitherapies.
Effectiveness of habitat classes as surrogates for biodiversity in marine reserve planning
Authors: Dixon‐Bridges Kylie , Hutchings Pat , Gladstone William 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSurrogates are used in marine conservation planning when there is limited information on the distribution of biodiversity, and representation of species and assemblage diversity are conservation goals. With prior confirmation of their relationship to spatial variation in biodiversity, habitat classification schemes are a potentially useful surrogate.Polychaetes can comprise over one‐third of species of benthic infaunal assemblages, they are the most frequent and abundant marine metazoans in benthic environments, and they are a reliable surrogate for other macrobenthic taxa.It was tested whether polychaete biodiversity differed among six estuarine habitat classes defined for conservation planning in the Port Stephens–Great Lakes Marine Park, New South Wales, Australia: subtidal sand, mud, muddy sand, and seagrass beds comprisingPosidonia australis,Zostera capricorniand mixedPosidonia/Zostera. Polychaetes were sampled from replicate sites in each habitat and differences among habitat classes in species richness, abundance, and assemblage structure were examined. Several environmental variables, known to be important determinants of polychaete distribution, were also quantified at each site.Ninety‐five species of polychaetes (belonging to 35 families) were identified. Species richness and abundance did not differ among the habitat classes. Polychaete assemblages of subtidal sand differed from assemblages in both mud and muddy sand, however, assemblages in all other habitats were not different. A combination of some of the measured environmental variables (distance to the estuary entrance, depth, sediment grain size) was a more important determinant of assemblage variation than the habitat classes.Using these predictors, an alternative habitat classification scheme to the scheme currently utilized in marine park planning is proposed.This study demonstrates the critical importance of testing assumptions about surrogacy and an approach for refining surrogates.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Trajectory Tracking Problem of Quadrotor UAV: Global Stability Analysis and Control Design Based on the Cascade Theory
Authors: Wang Lu , Jia Heming 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper deals with the trajectory tracking problem of a six‐degree of freedom (6‐DOF) quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The problem of simplified kinematics based on Euler angles is analyzed and the modified Rodrigues parameters (MRPs) technique is introduced to model the rotational dynamics of the rigid body. A nonlinear system error model is established based on the trajectory tracking problem, and, due to the coupling property between the translational and rotational dynamics, we divide the complete closed‐loop system into two reduced‐order subsystems and a coupling term. The Rodrigues theorem is applied to analyze the internal connections between the coupling term and MRPs. Therefore, the global stability conclusions, by which the trajectory tracking controller of the quadrotor UAV could be designed based on the subsystem directly in future works, are proved based on several assumptions of the subsystems. Thereafter, the controllers, using the backstepping approach and nonlinear disturbance observer/sliding mode control approach, which stabilize the quadrotor UAV globally ‐exponentially and globally uniformly bounded, are proposed based on the stability theorem proofs mentioned above. Numerical simulations are provided to show that the theoretical conclusions and the controller proposed are effective.
Positive Realization of Stable Fractional Discrete‐Time Linear Systems
Authors: Sajewski Lukasz 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe positive stable realization problem of fractional discrete‐time linear systems is formulated and a method for finding a positive stable realization of a given proper transfer matrix is proposed. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a positive stable realization of this class of linear systems are established. A procedure for computation of a positive stable realization is proposed and illustrated by a numerical example.
Performance Recovery of Sampled‐Data Feedback Stabilization for a Class of Passive Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Zhang Jian , Xin Xiaoshuai , Xu Hongbing 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper studies sampled‐data control for a class of passive nonlinear systems. It is shown that the performance of a stabilizing continuous‐time output feedback controller can be recovered by a sampled‐data state feedback controller when the sampling period is sufficiently small, which means that the state of the plant can be regulated within any given neighborhood of the origin by appropriate choice of the sampling period. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.
Local recurrence after surgery for primary extra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis
Authors: van Broekhoven D L M , Verhoef C , Elias S G , Witkamp A J , van Gorp J M H H , van Geel B A N , Wijrdeman H K , van Dalen T 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundDesmoid-type fibromatosis is a locally aggressive soft tissue tumour with a biological behaviour that varies between relatively indolent and progressive growth. Although there is a trend towards conservative treatment, surgery remains the standard treatment for extra-abdominal desmoid tumours.MethodsDatabases of three hospitals were searched to identify patients who had been treated for desmoid-type fibromatosis between November 1989 and May 2011. The risk of local recurrence was evaluated and predictive factors were assessed in patients who underwent surgical resection as initial treatment for a primary tumour.ResultsA total of 132 patients had surgical treatment for a primary tumour. A complete resection (R0) was achieved in 87 patients (65·9 per cent). In addition to surgery, 54 patients received radiotherapy. During a median follow-up of 38 months, 18 local recurrences were detected. The estimated 5-year cumulative risk of local recurrence was 17·6 per cent. Univariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of local recurrence increased for extremity lesions compared with desmoids on the trunk (odds ratio 6·69, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·42 to 31·54). No significant influence of age, resection margins or adjuvant radiotherapy on the risk for local recurrence was observed.ConclusionFollowing surgical treatment of a primary extra-abdominal desmoid tumour, the 5-year risk of local recurrence is modest and not influenced by microscopically clear resection margins or adjuvant radiotherapy.
Contribution of BubR1 to oxidative stress‐induced aneuploidy in p53‐deficient cells
Authors: Ikawa‐Yoshida Ayae , Ando Koji , Oki Eiji , Saeki Hiroshi , Kumashiro Ryuichi , Taketani Kenji , Ida Satoshi , Tokunaga Eriko , Kitao Hiroyuki , Morita Masaru , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDNA aneuploidy is observed in various human tumors and is associated with the abnormal expression of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins. Oxidative stress (OS) causes DNA damage and chromosome instability that may lead to carcinogenesis. OS is also suggested to contribute to an increase in aneuploid cells. However, it is not clear how OS is involved in the regulation of SAC and contributes to carcinogenesis associated with aneuploidy. Here we show that an oxidant (KBrO3) activated the p53 signaling pathway and suppressed the expression of SAC factors, BubR1, and Mad2, in human diploid fibroblast MRC5 cells. This suppression was dependent on functional p53 and reactive oxygen species. In p53 knockdown cells, KBrO3 did not suppress BubR1 and Mad2 expression and increased both binucleated cells and cells with >4N DNA content. BubR1 and not Mad2 downregulation suppressed KBrO3‐induced binucleated cells and cells with >4N DNA content in p53 knockdown cells, suggesting that BubR1 contributes to enhanced polyploidization by a mechanism other than its SAC function. In analysis of 182 gastric cancer specimens, we found that BubR1 expression was significantly high when p53 was positively stained, which indicates loss of p53 function (P = 0.0019). Moreover, positive staining of p53 and high expression of BubR1 in tumors were significantly correlated with DNA aneuploidy (P = 0.0065). These observations suggest that p53 deficiency may lead to the failure of BubR1 downregulation by OS and that p53 deficiency and BubR1 accumulation could contribute to gastric carcinogenesis associated with aneuploidy.
Comparison of abluminal biodegradable polymer biolimus‐eluting stents and durable polymer everolimus‐eluting stents in the treatment of coronary bifurcations
Authors: Costopoulos Charis , Latib Azeem , Naganuma Toru , Sticchi Alessandro , Ferrarello Santo , Regazzoli Damiano , Chieffo Alaide , Figini Filippo , Carlino Mauro , Montorfano Matteo , Naim Charbel , Kawaguchi Masanori , Gerasimou Argyrios , Giannini Francesco , Godino Cosmo , Colombo Antonio 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo compare biodegradable polymer biolimus‐eluting (BES) with abluminal drug elution and durable polymer everolimus‐eluting (EES) stents in the treatment of bifurcation lesions.BackgroundThe persistence of a polymer in drug‐eluting stents (DES) following drug elution has been viewed as a possible culprit for restenosis. DES with biodegradable polymer may thus be associated with improved clinical outcomes, especially in high‐risk lesions such as those at bifurcation sites.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of consecutive de novo bifurcation lesions treated with EES between October 2006 and October 2011 and BES between February 2008 and March 2012. Study endpoints included major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), including peri‐procedural MI, and target vessel revascularization (TVR) as well as target lesion revascularization (TLR) separately.ResultsWe analyzed 236 bifurcation lesions treated with either BES (79 lesions in 69 patients) or EES (157 lesions in 154 patients). Patient and procedural characteristics were broadly similar between the two groups. Estimated MACE and TVR rates at 2‐year follow‐up were similar between the BES and EES groups (MACE = 13.6 ± 4.6% vs. 14.6 ± 3.2% (P = 0.871); TVR = 6.9 ± 3.5% vs. 8.0 ± 2.7% (P = 0.889). No significant differences were noted between the two groups following propensity‐score matched analysis. There was no probable or definite stent thrombosis.ConclusionBES use in the treatment of bifurcation lesions appears to be associated with good clinical outcomes, comparable to those seen with EES, at long‐term follow‐up. These results are hypothesis‐generating and need to be validated with larger studies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between intravascular ultrasound parameters and fractional flow reserve in intermediate coronary artery stenosis of left anterior descending artery: Intravascular ultrasound volumetric analysis
Authors: Yang Hyoung‐Mo , Tahk Seung‐Jea , Lim Hong‐Seok , Yoon Myeong‐Ho , Choi So‐Yeon , Choi Byoung‐Joo , Jin Xiong Jie , Hwang Gyo‐Seung , Park Jin‐Sun , Shin Joon‐Han 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the relationship between intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) parameters, including volumetric analysis, and fractional flow reserve (FFR).BackgroundAlthough it is known that coronary atherosclerosis burden measured by IVUS volumetric analysis is related with clinical outcomes, its relationship with functional significance remains unknown.MethodsBoth IVUS and FFR were performed in 206 cases of intermediate stenosis of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Myocardial ischemia was assessed by FFR and maximal hyperemia was induced by continuous intracoronary adenosine infusion. FFR < 0.80 was considered as significant inducible myocardial ischemia. We performed standard IVUS parameter measurements and volumetric analyses. IVUS parameter comparison was performed in the presence (n = 90) or absence (n =116) of significant myocardial ischemia.ResultsLesions with minimal lumen area (MLA) ≥ 4.0 mm2 had FFR ≥ 0.80 in 91.4% of cases, while 50.9% of lesions with MLA < 4.0 mm2 had FFR < 0.80. The independent predictors of FFR < 0.80 were IVUS lesion length (odds ratio [OR]: 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.18, P < 0.001) and MLA significance according to the lesion location (OR: 7.01, 95% CI = 3.09–15.92, P = 0.001). FFR correlated with plaque volume (r = −0.345, P < 0.001) and percent atheroma volume (PAV) (r = −0.398, P < 0.001). Lesions with significant ischemia (FFR < 0.80) as compared to those with FFR > 0.80 were associated with larger plaque volume (181.8 ± 82.3 vs. 125.9 ± 77.9 mm3, P < 0.001) and PAV (58.9 ± 5.6 vs. 53.8 ± 7.9%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIVUS parameters representing severity and extent of atheromatous plaque correlated with functional significance in LAD lesions with intermediate stenosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low molecular weight dextran provides similar optical coherence tomography coronary imaging compared to radiographic contrast media
Authors: Frick Kyle , Michael Tesfaldet T. , Alomar Mohammed , Mohammed Atif , Rangan Bavana V. , Abdullah Shuaib , Grodin Jerrold , Hastings Jeffrey L. , Banerjee Subhash , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundOptical coherence tomography (OCT) coronary imaging requires displacement of red blood cells from the vessel lumen. This is usually accomplished using radiographic contrast. Low molecular weight dextran has low cost and is safe in low volumes. In the present study, we compared dextran with contrast for coronary OCT imaging.MethodsFifty‐one vessels in 26 patients were sequentially imaged using manual injection of radiographic contrast (iodixanol) and dextran. OCT images were analyzed at 1 mm intervals to determine the image clarity (defined as a visible lumen border > 270°) and to measure the lumen area and lumen diameter. To correct for the refractive index of dextran, the dextran area measurements were multiplied by 1.117 and the dextran length measurements were multiplied by 1.057.ResultsA total of 3,418 cross‐sections (1,709 with contrast and 1,709 with dextran) were analyzed. There were no complications related to OCT imaging or to contrast or dextran administration. Clear image segments were observed in 97.0% vs. 96.7% of the cross‐sections obtained with contrast and dextran, respectively (P = 0.45). The mean lumen areas were also similar: 6.69 ± 1.95 mm2 with iodixanol vs. 7.06 ± 2.06 mm2 with dextran (correlation coefficient 0.984).ConclusionsThe image quality and measurements during OCT image acquisition are similar for dextran and contrast. Dextran could be used instead of contrast for OCT imaging, especially in patients in whom contrast load minimization is desired. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.