bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Changes in Inhaled Corticosteroid Use and Markers of Uncontrolled Asthma During Pregnancy
Authors: Blais Lucie , Firoozi Faranak , Kettani Fatima‐Zohra , Ducharme Francine M. , Lemière Catherine , Beauchesne Marie‐France , Bérard Anick 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectiveTo describe changes in inhaled corticosteroid use during pregnancy and markers of uncontrolled asthma, and to evaluate the association between them.DesignPopulation‐based, cross‐sectional study.Data SourceThree administrative claims databases in Québec, Canada.PatientsA cohort of 4434 asthmatic women (4920 pregnancies) who delivered their infants between 1990 and 2002 and who used inhaled corticosteroids before their pregnancy.Measurements and Main ResultsThe average daily doses of inhaled corticosteroids during pregnancy and during the 9 months before conception were compared; the change in use was categorized as discontinuation (reduction of ≥75%), reduction (26–75% reduction), no change (±25% change), or increase (increase of ≥25%). The markers of uncontrolled asthma included at least one asthma exacerbation and the use of three or more doses/week of a short‐acting β2‐agonist during pregnancy. Generalized estimating equation models were used for statistical analyses. In nearly 50% of the pregnancies (2388 [48.5%] of 4920), the women either stopped or reduced their doses of corticosteroid during pregnancy, and these doses were already quite low before pregnancy. The proportion of women who had an asthma exacerbation during pregnancy was 8.2% among women who discontinued corticosteroids and greater than 20% in all of the other groups. All of the groups used frequent doses of short‐acting β2‐agonists. Discontinuing inhaled corticosteroid use during pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of exacerbations (odds ratio [OR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–0.54), whereas increasing inhaled corticosteroid use was associated with a higher risk (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.17–1.72), compared with no change in use.ConclusionBecause of residual confounding by asthma severity, our study was not able to show that women who stopped inhaled corticosteroids during pregnancy were at increased risk of having an asthma exacerbation. However, women who stopped corticosteroids tended to have a milder form of asthma, which is reassuring and suggests that women can recognize, to a certain extent, the need to continue taking their controller agents if necessary.
Incidence of Amiodarone Hypersensitivity in Patients with Previous Allergy to Iodine or Iodinated Contrast Agents
Authors: Lakshmanadoss Umashankar , Lindsley John , Glick Daryl , Twilley Charles H. , Lewin John J. , Marine Joseph E. 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectiveTo determine the incidence and nature of allergic reactions to amiodarone in hospitalized patients with a listed allergy to iodine or iodinated radiocontrast agents.DesignRetrospective medical record review.SettingTwo academic medical centers.PatientsA total of 234 sequential hospitalized patients with a listed iodine and/or iodinated radiocontrast agent allergy who received oral or intravenous amiodarone between January 2006 and December 2010.Measurements and Main ResultsDemographic and clinical data, as well as documentation of an allergic reaction to amiodarone, were collected for each patient from electronic medical records. Mean ± SD age was 69 ± 12 years, and 51% were male. Of the 234 patients, 167 (71%) had a listed previous allergy to iodinated contrast agents, 55 (24%) to iodine, and 12 (5%) to both. Patients received an average inpatient total dose of 2.9 ± 3.2 g of either oral (106 patients [45%]), intravenous (39 patients [17%]), or both oral and intravenous (89 patients [38%]) amiodarone. Only 1 (0.4%) of the 234 patients was identified as having a probable allergic reaction to amiodarone (score of 6 on the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale). One additional patient receiving intravenous amiodarone experienced a rash that was determined to be caused by an antibiotic. All other patients received amiodarone without any identifiable allergic reactions.ConclusionThe incidence of hypersensitivity reaction to amiodarone in hospitalized patients with a listed allergy to iodine or iodinated contrast agents was less than 1%, and all identified reactions were without long‐term sequelae. Allergy to iodine and iodinated contrast agents may not be a valid absolute contraindication to amiodarone administration in the inpatient setting.
Evaluation of Serum Creatinine Concentration–Based Glomerular Filtration Rate Equations in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Lee Carlton K. K. , Swinford Rita D. , Cerda Ruby D. , Portman Ronald J. , Hwang Wenke , Furth Susan L. 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of four equations based on serum creatinine concentration—the original Schwartz equation and the Leger, Bedside Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD), and Counahan‐Barratt equations—for determining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease.DesignRetrospective, observational, cross‐sectional study.SettingSingle‐center, academic, outpatient pediatric nephrology clinic.PatientsFifty‐three pediatric patients with stages 2–5 chronic kidney disease who completed GFR assessment with 125I‐iothalamate between January 2002 and January 2005.Measurement and Main ResultsData were collected from each patient's medical record. Glomerular filtration rate data were analyzed using 59 evaluations from the 53 pediatric patients. 125I‐iothalamate clearance was used as the index GFR. The Bedside CKiD and Counahan‐Barratt equations outperformed the Schwartz and Leger equations when the index GFR was less than 60 ml/minute/1.73 m2; the Schwartz and Counahan‐Barratt equations performed best for index GFRs of 60 ml/minute/1.73 m2 or greater. Overestimation was highest with the Schwartz and Leger equations (> 20% index GFR in 57.6% and 62.7% of patients, respectively). Underestimation was highest with the Bedside CKiD and Counahan‐Barratt equations (> 20% index GFR in 30.5% and 28.8%, respectively).ConclusionThe new Bedside CKiD equation performed well for pediatric patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic kidney disease, but less well for pediatric patients with mild disease. Additional studies are needed to develop more precise GFR equations using serum creatinine concentration.
Proarrhythmic Potential of Dronedarone: Emerging Evidence from Spontaneous Adverse Event Reporting
Authors: Kao David P. , Hiatt William R. , Krantz Mori J. 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectiveTo characterize the frequency and type of cardiac events, including torsade de pointes, associated with dronedarone and its structural analog, amiodarone, outside of the clinical trial setting.DesignRetrospective analysis.Data SourceSpontaneous reports in the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database generated between July 1, 2009, and June 30, 2011.Measurements and Main ResultsAll reports of adverse events during the study period were reviewed to identify cardiac events associated with any approved drug in the United States. The type and number of cardiac events associated with dronedarone and amiodarone were determined. Active ingredients were identified using the Drugs@FDA database, and the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) was used to aggregate related adverse events. To avoid redundant reporting, all statistics were generated in reference to unique case identifiers. Dronedarone was associated with more adverse cardiovascular event reports than amiodarone (810 vs 493 reports) during the study period. Dronedarone was also associated with the most reports of torsade de pointes of any approved drug in the United States (37 reports), followed by amiodarone (29 reports). Reports of ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest (138 vs 113 reports) as well as heart failure (179 vs 126 reports) were more common with dronedarone than amiodarone.ConclusionDronedarone was associated with reports of ventricular arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, and torsade de pointes in clinical practice. Whether this observation accounts for the increased risk of fatal arrhythmia observed in a recent prospective trial requires further investigation.
Characterization of Continued Antibacterial Therapy After Diagnosis of Hospital‐Onset Clostridium difficile Infection: Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Harpe Spencer E. , Inocencio Timothy J. , Pakyz Amy L. , Oinonen Michael J. , Polk Ronald E. 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectivesTo determine the proportion of hospitalized adults with hospital‐onset
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) who continued to receive concomitant non‐CDI antibacterial agents, to characterize the antibacterial therapy that these patients received before and after the diagnosis of CDI, and to compare hospital outcomes between those patients who did and those who did not have their previous antibacterial therapy discontinued after CDI diagnosis.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Data SourceDrug use and administrative discharge data from 42 United States academic medical centers.PatientsA total of 5968 adult inpatients with hospital‐onset CDI between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2006.Measurements and Main ResultsWe characterized patient‐level antibacterial agent use before and after CDI diagnosis. Overall, 3479 patients (58.3%) continued antibacterial therapy for 2 or more days after CDI diagnosis (interhospital range 6.7–72.2%). Although the number of different antibacterial agents received in the week preceding CDI diagnosis was positively associated with continued antibacterial therapy, the relationship between continuation and severity of illness was statistically significant but nonlinear. Patients who were receiving oral vancomycin alone were less likely to have antibacterial therapy continued (28/61 patients [45.9%]) than patients receiving metronidazole alone (1154/2333 patients [49.5%]) or receiving both metronidazole and oral vancomycin (2297/3576 [64.2%]). After adjusting for confounders, patients who continued to receive antibacterial therapy had a 62.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 48.6–78.0%, p<0.001) longer length of hospital stay after CDI diagnosis than those who did not continue therapy; the adjusted odds of mortality and odds of readmission were 1.7 (95% CI 1.4–2.1, p<0.001) and 1.2 (95% CI 1.1–1.5, p=0.025) times higher, respectively, with continued antibacterial therapy.ConclusionA majority of patients with CDI continued to receive antibacterial agents after their CDI diagnosis, although the interhospital range was large. Compared with patients who did not continue therapy, hospital length of study, mortality, and subsequent admissions among patients who continued their antibacterial therapy remained significantly higher after adjusting for confounders. The adverse outcomes associated with continued therapy likely reflect the severity of the underlying primary infection and/or a poorer response to CDI therapy, suggesting an opportunity for antimicrobial stewardship programs to make important contributions to patient care.
Inappropriate Antibiotic Use Due to Decreased Compliance with a Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia Computerized Clinical Pathway: Implications for Continuing Education and Prospective Feedback
Authors: Wilde Ashley M. , Nailor Michael D. , Nicolau David P. , Kuti Joseph L. 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectiveTo assess the impact of noncompliance with a ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) computerized clinical pathway (CCP) on antibiotic use after removal of prospective antibiotic stewardship resources.DesignRetrospective, observational, quasi‐experimental study.SettingThree intensive care units (medical, surgical, and neurotrauma) in a large, tertiary care hospital.PatientsA total of 136 patients with culture‐positive VAP; 72 were treated from September 2006–August 2007 (period 1), during which use of the CCP was mandatory along with aggressive stewardship support, and 64 were treated from September 2009–April 2010 (period 2), during which use of the CCP was voluntary.Measurements and Main ResultsCompliance with use of the CCP was 100% during period 1 and 44% (28/64 patients) during period 2. For the 36 patients (56%) whose antibiotic selection did not comply with the CCP, empiric antibiotics were selected by provider discretion. Most patients had late‐onset VAP and were similar with respect to age, sex, and comorbidities between the two periods.
Staphylococcus aureus (11–17% methicillin‐resistant S. aureus) and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common pathogens during both periods. The proportion of patients with appropriate antibiotics within 24 hours of VAP identification was not significantly different between period 1 (70.8%) and period 2 (56.3%, p=0.112). During period 2, patients who were treated according to the CCP were more likely to receive appropriate antibiotic therapy compared with patients treated according to provider discretion (82.1% vs 36.1%, p≤0.001). Time to appropriate therapy was also shorter for patients treated according to the CCP (mean ± SD 0.43 ± 1.14 vs 1.29 ± 1.36 days, p=0.003). Treatment with the CCP was the only variable significantly associated with appropriate antibiotic therapy (odds ratio 4.8, 95% confidence interval 2.1–10.9). Mortality was not significantly different between period 1 and period 2, and only Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and admission with a head injury were predictive of death. Finally, a greater proportion of patients treated with the CCP were de‐escalated from anti‐
Pseudomonas β‐lactams (85.0% vs 33.3%, p=0.006) when they were not necessary.ConclusionThese data highlight the importance of continued stewardship resources after CCP implementation to ensure compliance and to maximize antibiotic stewardship outcomes.
Appropriate description of intermolecular interactions in the methane hydrates: An assessment of DFT methods
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhao Jijun , Li Fengyu , Chen Zhongfang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAccurate description of hydrogen‐bonding energies between water molecules and van der Waals interactions between guest molecules and host water cages is crucial for study of methane hydrates (MHs). Using high‐level ab initio MP2 and CCSD(T) results as the reference, we carefully assessed the performance of a variety of exchange–correlation functionals and various basis sets in describing the noncovalent interactions in MH. The functionals under investigation include the conventional GGA, meta‐GGA, and hybrid functionals (PBE, PW91, TPSS, TPSSh, B3LYP, and X3LYP), long‐range corrected functionals (ωB97X, ωB97, LC‐ωPBE, CAM‐B3LYP, and LC‐TPSS), the newly developed Minnesota class functionals (M06‐L, M06‐HF, M06, and M06‐2X), and the dispersion‐corrected density functional theory (DFT) (DFT‐D) methods (B97‐D, ωB97X‐D, PBE‐TS, PBE‐Grimme, and PW91‐OBS). We found that the conventional functionals are not suitable for MH, notably, the widely used B3LYP functional even predicts repulsive interaction between CH4 and (H2O)6 cluster. M06‐2X is the best among the M06‐Class functionals. The ωB97X‐D outperforms the other DFT‐D methods and is recommended for accurate first‐principles calculations of MH. B97‐D is also acceptable as a compromise of computational cost and precision. Considering both accuracy and efficiency, B97‐D, ωB97X‐D, and M06‐2X functional with 6‐311++G(2d,2p) basis set without basis set superposition error (BSSE) correction are recommended. Though a fairly large basis set (e.g., aug‐cc‐pVTZ) and BSSE correction are necessary for a reliable MP2 calculation, DFT methods are less sensitive to the basis set and BSSE correction if the basis set is sufficient (e.g., 6‐311++G(2d,2p)). These assessments provide useful guidance for choosing appropriate methodology of first‐principles simulation of MH and related systems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are Kissing Gourami Specialized for Substrate‐Feeding? Prey Capture Kinematics of Helostoma temminckii and Other Anabantoid Fishes
Authors: Ferry Lara A. , Konow Nicolai , Gibb Alice C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHelostoma temminckii are known for a “kissing” behavior, which is often used in intraspecific interactions, and an unusual cranial morphology that is characterized by an intramandibular joint (IMJ). The IMJ is located within the lower jaw and aids in generating the eponymous kissing movement. In other teleost linages the IMJ is associated with the adoption of a substrate‐grazing foraging habit. However, because of anatomical modifications of the gill‐rakers, Helostoma has been considered a midwater filter‐feeding species. We offered midwater, benthic, and attached food to Helostoma, Betta, and two “true” osphronemid gouramis, to ask: (1) how do food capture kinematics differ in different foraging contexts; and (2) are Helostoma feeding kinematics distinct when compared with closely related anabantoids that lack an IMJ? For all anabantoid species except Helostoma, benthic prey were captured using a greater contribution of effective suction relative to midwater prey, though Helostoma was rarely willing to feed in the midwater. Helostoma individuals produced relatively less suction than other species regardless of the food type. Helostoma produced a much larger gape and more premaxillary protrusion than other species, but also took longer to do so. We suggest that the jaw morphology of Helostoma facilitates an extremely large mouth‐gape to enhance substrate‐scraping. The large amplitude mouth‐opening that characterizes substrate‐feeding may represent a functional trade‐off, whereby the enhanced ability to procure food from the substrate is accompanied by a concomitant reduction in the ability to produce suction. J. Exp. Zool. 317A:571–579, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ol4E‐T, a Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E‐Binding Protein of Medaka Fish (Oryzias latipes), Can Interact With Nanos3 and Vasa In Vitro
Authors: Zhao Haobin , Guan Guijun , Duan Jundan , Cheng Nana , Wang Jialin , Matsuda Masaru , Paul‐Prasanth Bindhu , Nagahama Yoshitaka 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMaternal factors have essential roles in the specification and development of germ cells in metazoans. In Drosophila, a number of genes such as oskar, vasa, nanos, and tudor are required for specific steps in pole cell formation and further germline development. Drosophila cup, another maternal factor, is confirmed as a main factor in normal oogenesis, maintenance, and survival of female germ‐line stem cells by interaction with Nanos. Through searching for the homolog of Drosophila cup in the medaka, the homolog of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)‐transporter, named Ol4E‐T, was identified. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and in situ hybridization revealed that Ol4E‐T is maternally deposited in the embryo and Ol4E‐T expression is maintained throughout embryogenesis. Ol4E‐T is predominantly expressed in the adult gonads. In the testes, Ol4E‐T is expressed in the same regions where medaka vasa, named olvas is expressed. In the ovary, expression of Ol4E‐T conforms to that of nanos3 and olvas. Ol4E‐T harbors a well‐conserved eIF4E‐binding motif, YTKEELL, by which Ol4E‐T interacts with eIF4E in medaka. Additionally, Ol4E‐T can interact with medaka Nanos3 and Olvas, as shown by yeast two hybridization. The spatial expression and interactions between Ol4E‐T with germ cell markers Olvas and Nanos3 suggest a role for Ol4E‐T in germ‐line development in medaka. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 320B:10–21, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theria‐Specific Homeodomain andcis‐Regulatory Element Evolution of theDlx3–4Bigene Cluster in 12 Different Mammalian Species
Authors: Sumiyama Kenta , Miyake Tsutomu , Grimwood Jane , Stuart Andrew , Dickson Mark , Schmutz Jeremy , Ruddle Frank H. , Myers Richard M. , Amemiya Chris T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe mammalianDlx3andDlx4genes are configured as a bigene cluster, and their respective expression patterns are controlled temporally and spatially bycis‐elements that largely reside within the intergenic region of the cluster. Previous work revealed that there are conspicuously conserved elements within the intergenic region of theDlx3–4bigene clusters of mouse and human. In this paper we have extended these analyses to include 12 additional mammalian taxa (including a marsupial and a monotreme) in order to better define the nature and molecular evolutionary trends of the coding and non‐coding functional elements among morphologically divergent mammals.Dlx3–4regions were fully sequenced from 12 divergent taxa of interest. We identified three theria‐specific amino acid replacements in homeodomain ofDlx4gene that functions in placenta. Sequence analyses of constrained nucleotide sites in the intergenic non‐coding region showed that many of the intergenic conserved elements are highly conserved and have evolved slowly within the mammals. In contrast, a branchial arch/craniofacial enhancer I37‐2 exhibited accelerated evolution at the branch between the monotreme and therian common ancestor despite being highly conserved among therian species. Functional analysis of I37‐2 in transgenic mice has shown that the equivalent region of the platypus fails to drive transcriptional activity in branchial arches. These observations, taken together with our molecular evolutionary data, suggest that theria‐specific episodic changes in the I37‐2 element may have contributed to craniofacial innovation at the base of the mammalian lineage. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 9999B:639–650, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DNA Methylation as a Mechanism of Nutritional Plasticity: Limited Support From Horned Beetles
Authors: Snell‐Rood Emilie C. , Troth Ashley , Moczek Armin P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEpigenetic changes to DNA, potentially heritable alterations above the sequence level, such as DNA methylation, are thought to underlie many instances of adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Our understanding of the links between epigenetic variation and adaptive phenotypic plasticity in natural populations is limited. If DNA methylation underlies adaptive responses to different nutritional environments, methylation patterns should be correlated with differences in performance across nutritional environments, and respond to changes in the environment. Additionally, genotypes that can cope with a broader range of nutritional environments are expected to have greater flexibility in methylation patterns. We tested these predictions using horned beetles (genus Onthophagus), which can cope with a wide range of variation in larval nutrition. We surveyed levels of methylation across several methylated loci in lab‐reared beetles originating from natural populations using a methylation‐specific amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. For less than half the of the loci investigated, methylation level was correlated with performance, measured as adult body size attained on a given diet, in different nutritional environments, with an overall greater effect in males (the more nutritionally plastic sex) than females. Methylation levels at most sites were influenced more by genotype (iso‐female line) than by environment (dung type). Only 1 site (of 12) showed a significant genotype‐by‐environment interaction. Taken together, our results provide modest support for the hypothesis that DNA methylation underlies nutritional plasticity, as only 8–16% of methylated sites conformed to all of our predictions. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 320B:22–34, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.