bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
27Al and 45Sc NMR Spectroscopy on ScT2Al and Sc(T0.5T′0.5)2Al (T = T′ = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au) Heusler Phases and Superconductivity in Sc(Pd0.5Au0.5)2Al
Authors: Benndorf Christopher , Niehaus Oliver , Eckert Hellmut , Janka Oliver 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe intermetallic Heusler compounds with ScT2Al and Sc(T0.5T′0.5)2Al composition with T = T' = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au were synthesized from the elements by arc melting. They crystallize in the cubic MnCu2Al type structure, space group Fm$\bar{3}$m. The unit cell parameters were determined by powder X‐ray diffraction and the structure of Sc(Pd0.5Au0.5)2Al was refined on the basis of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. While the majority of the compounds show Pauli‐paramagnetism, ScAu2Al and the newly synthesized solid solution Sc(Pd0.5Au0.5)2Al exhibit superconductivity with transition temperatures of TC = 4.4 K and TC = 3.0(1) K, respectively. The superconducting state of Sc(Pd0.5Au0.5)2Al was also investigated by electrical resistivity measurements. All the synthesized compounds were furthermore studied by 27Al and 45Sc MAS‐NMR spectroscopy. The resonance shifts of the synthesized compounds were determined and in Sc(Pd1–xAux)2Al a linear relationship between the resonance shifts and the composition was found. Line broadening effects and enhanced quadrupolar interaction strengths observed in the mixed samples can be attributed to the effect of Pd/Au mixing on the 8c Wyckoff site. The NMR spectroscopic data give no clear evidence for or against Sc/Al site disordering.
Molecular cloning and expression of thermostable glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase of Penicillium funiculosum NCL1 in Pichia pastoris and its characterization
Authors: Ramani Gurusamy , Meera Balasubramanian , Vanitha Chinnathambi , Rajendhran Jeyaprakash , Gunasekaran Paramasamy 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A partial peptide sequence of β-glucosidase isoform (Bgl4) of Penicillium funiculosum NCL1 was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The cDNA (bgl4) encoding Bgl4 protein was cloned from P. funiculosum NCL1 RNA by consensus RT-PCR. The bgl4 gene encoded 857 amino acids that contained catalytic domains specific for glycoside hydrolase family 3. The cDNA was over-expressed in Pichia pastoris KM71H and the recombinant protein (rBgl4) was purified with the specific activity of 1,354.3 U/mg. The rBgl4 was a glycoprotein with the molecular weight of ~130 kDa and showed optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 60 °C. The enzyme was thermo-tolerant up to 60 °C for 60 min. The rBgl4 was highly active on aryl substrates with β-glucosidic, β-xylosidic linkages and moderately active on cellobiose and salicin. It showed remarkably high substrate conversion rate of 3,332 and 2,083 μmol/min/mg with the substrates p-nitrophenyl β-glucoside and cellobiose respectively. In addition, the rBgl4 showed tolerance to glucose concentration up to 400 mM. It exhibited twofold increase in glucose yield when supplemented with crude cellulase of Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30 in cellulose hydrolysis. These results suggested that rBgl4 is a thermo- and glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase and is a potential supplement for commercial cellulase in cellulose hydrolysis and thereby assures profitability in bioethanol production.
Emerging Imaging Modalities in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Stacy Mitchel R. , Sinusas Albert J. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine has experienced considerable growth in recent years as the translation of pre-clinical biomaterials and cell- and gene-based therapies begin to reach clinical application. Until recently, the ability to monitor the serial responses to therapeutic treatments has been limited to post-mortem tissue analyses. With improvements in existing imaging modalities and the emergence of hybrid imaging systems, it is now possible to combine information related to structural remodeling with associated molecular events using non-invasive imaging. This review summarizes the established and emerging imaging modalities that are available for in vivo monitoring of clinical regenerative medicine therapies and discusses the strengths and limitations of each imaging modality.
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE FMD EMERGENCY VACCINATION STRATEGIES IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES
Authors: SCHROEDER TED C. , PENDELL DUSTIN L. , SANDERSON MICHAEL W. , MCREYNOLDS SARA 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the United States would likely result in major costs to producers, consumers, and government. How animal health officials manage such an outbreak has substantial impact on probable losses. Without an emergency FMD vaccination strategy, producer and consumer losses of an FMD outbreak in the midwestern United States would likely approach $188 billion, and government costs would likely exceed $11 billion. In contrast, a high-capacity emergency vaccination program together with a large vaccination zone would reduce median consumer and producer losses to approximately $56 billion and government costs to a little more than $1 billion.
COMPARING CARCASS END-POINT AND PROFIT MAXIMIZATION DECISION RULES USING DYNAMIC NONLINEAR GROWTH FUNCTIONS
Authors: MAPLES JOSHUA G. , COATNEY KALYN T. , RILEY JOHN M. , KARISCH BRANDI B. , PARISH JANE A. , VANN RHONDA C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article develops a market timing decision rule for cattle feeders based on profit maximization. We then compare it with the “status quo” strategy of feeding cattle to a targeted carcass end point. We estimate individual nonlinear dynamic growth functions to derive each animal's value of the marginal product in relation to days on feed. Given individual marginal factor costs, our results indicate that the use of a profit maximization rule could have increased average profits by $16.56 to $21.09 per head for the cattle of known age, and $7.67 to $11.32 per head if age was unknown.
Design and current progress of the Apollon 10 PW project
Authors: Zou J.P. , Le Blanc C. , Papadopoulos D.N. , Chériaux G. , Georges P. , Mennerat G. , Druon F. , Lecherbourg L. , Pellegrina A. , Ramirez P. , Giambruno F. , Fréneaux A. , Leconte F. , Badarau D. , Boudenne J.M. , Fournet D. , Valloton T. , Paillard J.L. , Veray J.L. , Pina M. , Monot P. , Chambaret J.P. , Martin P. , Mathieu F. , Audebert P. , Amiranoff F. 
Published: January 2015

The objective of the Apollon project is the generation of 10 PW peak power pulses of 15 fs at 1 shot/minute. In this paper the Apollon facility design, the technological challenges and the current progress of the project will be presented.
VIOLENCE AND EVERYDAY INTERACTIONS BETWEEN KATANGESE AND KASAIANS: MEMORY AND ELECTIONS IN TWO KATANGA CITIES
Authors: Vinckel Sandrine 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTSince the mass violence committed by Katangese against non-natives – mostly Kasaians – in the early 1990s in the Katanga province (Democratic Republic of Congo), Katangese and Kasaians have eschewed subjects relating to the past violence in their daily interactions. However, during the November 2011 presidential and legislative election period, expressions linked to the past violence, such as ‘This time, you will go back home by foot’ or ‘This time, you will not drive us out. We will fight’, were common. The paper documents and analyses how Kasaians and Katangese dealt with the memory of the violence during this election period, in Likasi and Kolwezi, two cities particularly affected by violence. Based on qualitative fieldwork research conducted between November 2011 and January 2012, the paper understands the November 2011 election as being a crisis situation informed by the fear of a violent outbreak in the event of the victory of Etienne Tshisekedi, leader of the opposition and a Kasaian. This crisis situation led to the simplification and polarization of collective identities: whether friend, neighbour or colleague, a person was perceived only as a Kasaian or a Katangese. In such a context, routine practices of coexistence based on self-censorship and avoidance tended to disappear.
Sitting on the Wall, Looking in: Some Reflections on the Critique of International Criminal Law
Authors: JACOBS DOV 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis editorial explores some methodological difficulties that might be faced by the practice of the critique of international criminal law (ICL). It more particularly explores what it might mean to do an ‘internal’ critique of ICL, both on a disciplinary level and an intra-disciplinary level. The editorial also addresses two important issues: (i) the ambiguities of the normative agendas of critical legal scholars; and (ii) the difficulty of dialogue between critical legal scholars and positivists. The editorial concludes with the fact that while disciplinary dialogue might not always be possible, it will always take place on a personal, more complex level, in the Leiden Journal of International Law (LJIL) as elsewhere.
Validation and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative FFQ as a measure of dietary intake in adults from Puerto Rico
Authors: Palacios Cristina , Trak Maria Angelica , Betancourt Jesmari , Joshipura Kaumudi , Tucker Katherine L 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess the relative validity and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative FFQ in Puerto Rican adults.DesignParticipants completed an FFQ, followed by a 6 d food record and a second administration of the FFQ, 30 d later. All nutrients were log transformed and adjusted for energy intake. Statistical analyses included correlations, paired t tests, cross-classification and Bland–Altman plots.SettingMedical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico.SubjectsConvenience sample of students, employees and faculty members (n 100, ≥21 years). Data were collected in 2010.ResultsA total of ninety-two participants completed the study. Most were young overweight females. All nutrients were significantly correlated between the two FFQ, with an average correlation of 0·61 (range 0·43–0·73) and an average difference of 4·8 % between them. Most energy-adjusted nutrients showed significant correlations between the FFQ and food record, which improved with de-attenuation and averaged 0·38 (range 0·11–0·63). The lowest non-significant correlations (≤0·20) were for trans-fat, n 3 fatty acids, thiamin and vitamin E. Intakes assessed by the FFQ were higher than those from the food record by a mean of 19 % (range 4–44 %). Bland–Altman plots showed that there was a systematic trend towards higher estimates with the FFQ, particularly for energy, carbohydrate and Ca. Most participants were correctly classified into the same or adjacent quintile (average 66 %) by both methods with only 3 % gross misclassification.ConclusionsThis semi-quantitative FFQ is a tool that offers relatively valid and reproducible estimates of energy and certain nutrients in this group of mostly female Puerto Ricans.
A strong-field driver in the single-cycle regime based on self-compression in a kagome fibre
Authors: Balciunas T. , Fourcade-Dutin C. , Fan G. , Witting T. , Voronin A. A. , Zheltikov A. M. , Gerome F. , Paulus G. G. , Baltuska A. , Benabid F. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOver the past decade intense laser fields with a single-cycle duration and even shorter, subcycle multicolour field transients have been generated and applied to drive attosecond phenomena in strong-field physics. Because of their extensive bandwidth, single-cycle fields cannot be emitted or amplified by laser sources directly and, as a rule, are produced by external pulse compression—a combination of nonlinear optical spectral broadening followed up by dispersion compensation. Here we demonstrate a simple robust driver for high-field applications based on this Kagome fibre approach that ensures pulse self-compression down to the ultimate single-cycle limit and provides phase-controlled pulses with up to a 100 μJ energy level, depending on the filling gas, pressure and the waveguide length.
The ligand binding mechanism to purine nucleoside phosphorylase elucidated via molecular dynamics and machine learning
Authors: Decherchi Sergio , Berteotti Anna , Bottegoni Giovanni , Rocchia Walter , Cavalli Andrea 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe study of biomolecular interactions between a drug and its biological target is of paramount importance for the design of novel bioactive compounds. In this paper, we report on the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and machine learning to study the binding mechanism of a transition state analogue (DADMe–immucillin-H) to the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) enzyme. Microsecond-long MD simulations allow us to observe several binding events, following different dynamical routes and reaching diverse binding configurations. These simulations are used to estimate kinetic and thermodynamic quantities, such as kon and binding free energy, obtaining a good agreement with available experimental data. In addition, we advance a hypothesis for the slow-onset inhibition mechanism of DADMe–immucillin-H against PNP. Combining extensive MD simulations with machine learning algorithms could therefore be a fruitful approach for capturing key aspects of drug–target recognition and binding.
Optimum periodicity of repeated contractile actions applied in mass transport
Authors: Ahn Sungsook , Lee Sang Joon 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDynamically repeated periodic patterns are abundant in natural and artificial systems, such as tides, heart beats, stock prices and the like. The characteristic repeatability and periodicity are expected to be optimized in effective system-specific functions. In this study, such optimum periodicity is experimentally evaluated in terms of effective mass transport using one-valve and multi-valve systems working in contractile fluid flows. A set of nanoscale gating functions is utilized, operating in nanocomposite networks through which permeates selectively pass under characteristic contractile actions. Optimized contractile periodicity exists for effective energy impartment to flow in a one-valve system. In the sequential contractile actions for a multi-valve system, synchronization with the fluid flow is critical for effective mass transport. This study provides fundamental understanding on the various repeated periodic patterns and dynamic repeatability occurring in nature and mechanical systems, which are useful for broad applications.
Effect of the enzyme and PCR conditions on the quality of high-throughput DNA sequencing results
Authors: Brandariz-Fontes Claudia , Camacho-Sanchez Miguel , Vilà Carles , Vega-Pla José Luis , Rico Ciro , Leonard Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLibrary preparation protocols for high-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) include amplification steps in which errors can build up. In order to have confidence in the sequencing data, it is important to understand the effects of different Taq polymerases and PCR amplification protocols on the DNA molecules sequenced. We compared thirteen enzymes in three different marker systems: simple, single copy nuclear gene and complex multi-gene family. We also tested a modified PCR protocol, which has been suggested to reduce errors associated with amplification steps. We find that enzyme choice has a large impact on the proportion of correct sequences recovered. The most complex marker systems yielded fewer correct reads and the proportion of correct reads was greatly affected by the enzyme used. Modified cycling conditions did reduce the number of incorrect sequences obtained in some cases, but enzyme had a much greater impact on the number of correct reads. Thus, the coverage required for the safe identification of genotypes using one of the low quality enzymes could be seven times larger than with more efficient enzymes in a biallelic system with equal amplification of the two alleles. Consequently, enzyme selection for downstream HTS has important consequences, especially in complex genetic systems.
Direct inhibition of oncogenic KRAS by hydrocarbon-stapled SOS1 helices
Authors: Leshchiner Elizaveta S. , Parkhitko Andrey , Bird Gregory H. , Luccarelli James , Bellairs Joseph A. , Escudero Silvia , Opoku-Nsiah Kwadwo , Godes Marina , Perrimon Norbert , Walensky Loren D. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
KRAS is one of the most prevalent and vicious oncogenic proteins, yet no drugs are available to inhibit its pathologic activity in patients. We report that KRAS-targeting stapled peptides, modeled after the native son of sevenless 1 (SOS1) helical domain, engage wild-type and clinically relevant KRAS mutant proteins with nanomolar affinity. To our knowledge, these compounds represent the highest affinity and broadest spectrum binders of KRAS mutants reported to date. The stapled peptides disrupt the SOS1/KRAS protein interaction and directly inhibit nucleotide association to wild-type and mutant KRAS proteins. We correlate functional binding activity with SAH-SOS1 cytotoxicity across a 13-member panel of KRAS-driven cancer cells and demonstrate sequence- and dose-dependent inhibition of the ERK-MAP kinase phosphosignaling cascade downstream of KRAS in vitro and in vivo.
Functional capacities of human IgM memory B cells in early inflammatory responses and secondary germinal center reactions
Authors: Seifert Marc , Przekopowitz Martina , Taudien Sarah , Lollies Anna , Ronge Viola , Drees Britta , Lindemann Monika , Hillen Uwe , Engler Harald , Singer Bernhard B. , Küppers Ralf 
Published: January 2015

SignificanceHuman IgM+IgD+CD27+B lymphocytes represent a large subpopulation of the human B-cell pool, but their generation is debated and their immunological functions are poorly understood. This work shows that these lymphocytes possess typical memory B-cell expression patterns, enabling them to differentiate rapidly into plasma cells upon restimulation. Moreover, we reveal unique features of these IgM memory B cells, their potential to reenter germinal center reactions, and their specific interaction with immunomodulatory neutrophils in early inflammatory responses. Thus, key characteristics and functions of a major human B-cell subset are elucidated.
Quinary structure modulates protein stability in cells
Authors: Monteith William B. , Cohen Rachel D. , Smith Austin E. , Guzman-Cisneros Emilio , Pielak Gary J. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Globular proteins perform many of the chemical reactions required for life. The prevailing model of globular protein structure, which is based on studies in dilute solutions, emphasizes the requirement for a well-packed hydrophobic interior, but minimizes the importance of the exterior, provided it is hydrophilic. We demonstrate that the exterior plays a significant role when a globular protein is studied under physiologically relevant conditions. By changing a surface residue we show that attractive interactions between the protein surface and the cytosol modulate the stability of the protein, even though the change has a negligible effect in dilute solution. Recognizing and quantifying such intracellular interactions will aid in understanding and manipulating the biological role of proteins.
Sound representation in higher language areas during language generation
Authors: Magrassi Lorenzo , Aromataris Giuseppe , Cabrini Alessandro , Annovazzi-Lodi Valerio , Moro Andrea 
Published: January 2015

Significance
The results of our experiments show that a special representation of sound is actually exploited by the brain during language generation, even in the absence of speech. Taking advantage of data collected during neurosurgical operations on awake patients, here we cross-correlated the cortical activity in the frontal and temporal language areas of a person reading aloud or mentally with the envelope of the sound of the corresponding utterances. In both cases, cortical activity and the envelope of the sound of the utterances were significantly correlated. This suggests that in hearing people, sound representation deeply informs generation of linguistic expressions at a much higher level than previously thought. This may help in designing new strategies to help people with language disorders such as aphasia.
Optically driven translational and rotational motions of microrod particles in a nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Eremin Alexey , Hirankittiwong Pemika , Chattham Nattaporn , Nádasi Hajnalka , Stannarius Ralf , Limtrakul Jumras , Haba Osamu , Yonetake Koichiro , Takezoe Hideo 
Published: January 2015

Significance
This paper addresses light-driven dynamic motions of microrods suspended in a liquid crystal (LC) host. The results presented in this paper advance molecular-assisted manipulations of colloidal particles and their assemblies, which is a key concept for smart microdevices, using their interplay with the topology of the nematic director field. Almost all previous studies on colloids in LC (except some work by Yamamoto et al.) have dealt with the observation and analysis of defect structures around colloid particle(s) with fixed anchoring conditions. Herein we use a photoactive surfactant, which enables control of the LC anchoring by light irradiation. The induced reversible anchoring transition is accompanied by a reorientation of the rods and/or their translational motion.
Identification of plant compounds that disrupt the insect juvenile hormone receptor complex
Authors: Lee Seok-Hee , Oh Hyun-Woo , Fang Ying , An Saes-Byeol , Park Doo-Sang , Song Hyuk-Hwan , Oh Sei-Ryang , Kim Soo-Young , Kim Seonghyun , Kim Namjung , Raikhel Alexander S. , Je Yeon Ho , Shin Sang Woon 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Juvenile hormone (JH) plays key roles in insect development, reproduction, and many other physiological functions. Because JH is specific to insects, it has been investigated for use as pest control. Although compounds that mimic the action of JH (JH analogues/agonists) are efficient, they have a limited scope of application. Development of potent compounds counteracting JH action (JH antagonists) would find a wider range of control applications. However, thus far, such JH antagonists have not been developed. Here, we report on the discovery of potent JH antagonists in plants, which represents an innate resistance mechanism of plants against insect herbivores. These newly discovered plant JH antagonist compounds could be used as the starting material for developing novel insecticides.
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment normalizes tuberculosis granuloma vasculature and improves small molecule delivery
Authors: Datta Meenal , Via Laura E. , Kamoun Walid S. , Liu Chong , Chen Wei , Seano Giorgio , Weiner Danielle M. , Schimel Daniel , England Kathleen , Martin John D. , Gao Xing , Xu Lei , Barry Clifton E. , Jain Rakesh K. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Tuberculosis (TB) is the second most lethal pathogen worldwide. Pulmonary granulomas are a hallmark of this disease. By discovering similarities between granulomas and solid cancerous tumors, we identified a novel therapeutic target for TB, the abnormal granuloma-associated vasculature that contributes to the abnormal granuloma microenvironment. We then asked if we could “normalize” granuloma vasculature by blocking VEGF signaling, an approach originally shown to enhance cancer treatment. Our results demonstrate that bevacizumab, a widely prescribed anti-VEGF antibody for cancer and eye diseases, is able to create more structurally and functionally normal granuloma vasculature and improve the delivery of a low-molecular-weight tracer. This effect suggests that vascular normalization in combination with anti-TB drugs has the potential to enhance treatment in patients with TB.