bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional nanomicellar systems for delivering anticancer drugs
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chun , Lo Chun‐Liang , Hsiue Ging‐Ho 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMost anticancer drugs cause severe side effect due to the lack of selectivity for cancer cells. In recent years, new strategies of micellar systems, which design for specifically target anticancer drugs to tumors, are developed at the forefront of polymeric science. To improve efficiency of delivery and cancer specificity, considerable emphasis has been placed on the development of micellar systems with passive and active targeting. In this review article, we summarized various strategies of designing multifunctional micellar systems in the purpose of improving delivery efficiency. Micellar systems compose of a multifunctional copolymer or a mixture of two or more copolymers with different properties is a plausible approach to tuning the resulting properties and satisfied various requirements for anticancer drug delivery. It appears that multifunctional micellar systems hold great potential in cancer therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2024–2038, 2014.
Poly(N‐acryloylmorpholine): A simple hydrogel system for temporal and spatial control over cell adhesion
Authors: Gorman Mark , Chim Ya Hua , Hart Andrew , Riehle Mathis O. , Urquhart Andrew J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractN‐acryloylmorpholine (NAM) was photo‐polymerized to produce the homopolymer poly(N‐acryloylmorpholine) (PNAM). PNAM behaves as a physical hydrogel in aqueous solvents, doubling its dry weight over a 2 h period before undergoing dissolution following a second order exponential decay profile. In vitro cellular experiments using mouse myoblasts showed that PNAM acts as an effective spatial cell barrier for 38 h, with slow migration of cells into the PNAM area occurring between 45 and 73 h after cell seeding. At 80 h myoblasts fully occupied the area initially blocked by PNAM. Immunofluorescent staining of myoblasts adjacent to PNAM showed normal cytoskeletal structure and well developed focal adhesions indicating limited PNAM toxicity. This study shows that PNAM is an easy to synthesize physical hydrogel that acts as a temporal and spatial barrier to cell adhesion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1809–1815, 2014.
Decreased bacteria density on nanostructured polyurethane
Authors: Yao Chang , Webster Thomas J. , Hedrick Matthew 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAs is well known, medical device infections are a growing clinical problem with no clear solution due to previous failed attempts of using antibiotics to decrease bacteria functions for which bacteria quickly develop a resistance toward. Because of their altered surface energetics, the objective of the present in vitro study was to create nanoscale surface features on polyurethane (PU) by soaking PU films in HNO3 and to determine bacteria (specifically, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. mirabilis) colony forming units after 1 h. Such bacteria frequently infect numerous medical devices. Results provided the first evidence that without using antibiotics, S. epidermidis density decreased by 5 and 13 times, E. coli density decreased by 6 and 20 times, and P. mirabilis density decreased by 8 and 35 times compared to conventional PU and a tissue engineering control small intestine submucosa (SIS), respectively. Material characterization studies revealed significantly greater nanoscale roughness and hydrophobicity for the HNO3‐treated nanostructured PU compared to conventional PU (albeit, still hydrophilic) which may provide a rationale for the observed decreased bacteria responses. In addition, significantly greater amounts of fibronectin adsorption from serum were measured on nanorough compared conventional PU which may explain the decreased bacteria growth. In summary, this study provides significant promise for the use of nanostructured PU to decrease bacteria functions without the use of antibiotics, clearly addressing the wide spread problem of increased medical device infections observed today. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1823–1828, 2014.
Role of integrin‐linked kinase in osteosarcoma progression
Authors: Rhee Seung Hwan , Han Ilkyu , Lee Mi Ra , Cho Hwan Seong , Oh Joo Han , Kim Han‐Soo 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough integrin‐linked kinase (ILK) has been suggested to play a role in the tumorigenesis of a number of human epithelial carcinomas, little is known of its role in musculoskeletal sarcoma. The authors studied ILK expression by immunohistochemistry using osteosarcoma prechemotherapy specimens from 56 patients, and investigated the prognostic implications of the findings obtained. It was found that ILK overexpression was significantly correlated with the presence of distant metastasis (p = 0.008) and that it was an independent prognostic factor for both poor overall survival and poor event‐free survival (p = 0.015 and 0.010, respectively). During a transfection experiment conducted by transfecting osteosarcoma cells with ILK siRNA, VEGF concentrations were measured using an ELISA kit, and then compared with those of untransfected controls to evaluate its angiogenic effects. In addition, apoptotic percentages were measured by Annexin‐V flow cytometry, and invasive properties were evaluated by measuring the numbers of non‐migrating cells in a Boyden chamber. It was found that ILK downregulation significantly decreased angiogenesis, increased apoptosis, and decreased invasiveness of osteosarcoma cells. These results show that ILK is a promising prognostic factor in osteosarcoma and a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteosarcoma. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1668–1675, 2013
The ‘Dividual Androgyne’ and Me: a Personal Affair
Authors: Gillison Gillian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn the 25 years since Marilyn Strathern published The Gender of the Gift (1988) its signature concepts of the ‘dividual androgyne’ and ‘sociality’ have received almost no criticism in the anthropological literature and are now widely accepted as true. The ‘dividual’ is considered to be ‘a new, non‐unitary model of embodiment and … one of the most important theoretical accomplishments to emerge from Melanesian ethnography in the latter part of the 20th Century’ despite the fact that it erases affect, agency, identity and other essential features of human beings (Lipset 2008).The present critique of Strathern's concept of the androgynous ‘dividual’ challenges its legitimacy as a Melanesian or any other ‘premodern’ form of personhood and suggests that it expresses the wish of academic feminists in the 1970s and 1980s to locate an indigenous model for androgyny and to characterise patriarchy, misogyny and sexual segregation as peculiarly Western. The article explores aspects of Gimi myth, ritual and exchange which Strathern claims helped her to formulate the concept of the ‘dividual’ (especially those surrounding men's sacred bamboo flutes) and concludes that she mistook a virulently anti‐female ideology – including a fantasy in which men may subsume or incorporate certain aspects of female anatomy – for benign accommodation between the sexes. The ‘dividual’ does not correspond to social reality among the Gimi and paradoxically affirms Lévi‐Strauss' classic demonstration in the Elementary Structures of Kinship (1949) that ‘the gender of the gift’ is invariably female.
Gogodala Canoe Festivals, Customary Ways and Cultural Tourism in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Dundon Alison 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGogodala Canoe Festivals, held in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, are important and recurrent regional events that constitute as well as reiterate and reconfigure local relatedness as sites of potential engagement between Gogodala villagers and foreign tourists. Canoe races have been part of Gogodala practice since before the 1900s, when early colonial administrators noted the presence of magnificently painted and carved racing canoes. Since then, racing canoes have been part of local and exogenous discourses about culture and identity in colonial and postcolonial PNG. This paper explores the extent to which Gogodala Canoe Festivals, while primarily regional events concerned with relationships between people, groups and villages, are also designed to attract foreign tourists and as such constitute moments of potential relatedness outside of the region. In a wider sense, the paper explores these festivals as one way in which Gogodala engage global others through the establishment of a network of potential relationships based on ‘customary’ practices and objects.
The Sound of a Person
Authors: Ammann Raymond , Keck Verena , Wassmann Jürg 
Published: June 2013

AbstractKonggap, sung melodic motifs that last only a few seconds embody the acoustic representation of a person among theYupno people ofPapuaNewGuinea and are a unique phenomenon in thePacific. Thekonggapforms a very complex system of personal identification and expression of social relationships; at the same time it connects the singer to the ancestral world. Every person inYupno society possesses his or her ownkonggap,andYupno people are able to identify a large number ofkonggap, some men even up to three hundred. Nobody would sing his or her ownkonggapduring the day. When crossingYupno land, a person has to sing thekonggapof the respective landowner to identify himself as an insider, a local person − unlike strangers (and possible enemies) who remain silent. But at nightly dances each dancer sings his ownkonggapand during mourning at funerals groups of women simultaneously sing thekonggapof the deceased person. An interdisciplinary ethnographic‐musicological‐cognitive fieldwork study was conducted in order to find out how it is possible that theYupno are able to identify and distinguish between this staggering amount of very short sung motifs.
‘Bat‐like’ choroid plexus and other sonographic features in trisomy 22 at the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Luchi Carlo , Monacci Francesca , Schifano Martina , Gadducci Angiolo 
Published: June 2013

What's already know about this topic?

Abnormalities of the choroid plexus have only been reported in association to holoprosencephaly, so the description of the ‘bat sign’ in the first trimester is novel and could be important as a marker of some rare chromosomal abnormalities, in this case trisomy 22.What does this study add?

Our data is another remarkable proof of the importance of a morphological investigation of the fetus in the first trimester.
The wind chill temperature effect on a large‐scale PV plant—an exergy approach
Authors: Xydis George 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a detailed exergetic analysis based on the variation of meteorological parameters was performed for a solar power generation system. All wind and solar energy and exergy characteristics were examined in order to identify the variables that affect the power output of the photovoltaic (PV) system. Atmospheric variables such as air temperature, humidity and wind speed and their effects, shadow effects, tracking losses, and low radiation losses of the PV power output were investigated aiming at identifying the real and net solar energy output. It was shown that some usually disregarded atmospheric variables in planning new PV plants, in fact, do play a significant role on the plant's overall exergetic efficiency as wind chill temperature. The solar potential around a windy coastal hilly area was studied and presented on the basis of field measurements and simulations. Understanding atmospheric parameters variation appears to be of great importance for estimating correctly and trustworthy the energy yield, and special focus was given to that in this paper. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physicomathematical Modeling of the Explosive Dispersion of Liquid by a Centrifugal Atomizer
Authors: Kudryashova Olga B. , Vorozhtsov Boris I. , Korovina Natalja V. , Akhmadeev Igor R. , Muravlev Eugeny V. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHigh dispersiveness of an aerosol, short time for cloud generation, and uniform distribution in a room are substantial parameters that have to be taken into account in the development of disinfectant, decontaminating, and fire‐extinguishing aerosols. To obtain greater homogeneity of an aerosol cloud, it has been suggested to additionally employ a centrifugal atomizer, which enables a relatively wide spray angle, in the design of a pulsed‐type aerosol generator.A physicomathematical model for an explosive‐type centrifugal atomizer is suggested herein. Results of parametric studies of the model are summarized which establish dependences of the aerosol dispersiveness, spray angle, and mass flow rate upon dimensionless parameters characterizing geometric properties of the sprayer. The physicomathematical model allows the sprayer characteristics to be selected in order to obtain aerosol media with a priori specified parameters.Experimental results with respect to the dynamics of the filling of an experimental vessel with an aerosol produced by the explosive‐type centrifugal atomizer are presented.Comparison of the experimental and theoretical data indicates the adequacy of the physicomathematical model proposed.
Holes in germanium quantum wells: spin relaxation and temperature dynamics
Authors: Kolata Kolja , Köster Niko S. , Woscholski Ronja , Imhof Sebastian , Thränhardt Angela , Lange Christoph , Sipe John E. , Pezzoli Fabio , Cecchi Stefano , Chrastina Daniel , Isella Giovanni , Chatterjee Sangam 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe use fs‐pump white‐light‐supercontinuum probe spectroscopy with appropriate polarization configurations to investigate the hole spin and hole cooling dynamics in Germanium quantum wells in the vicinity of the Γ valley. We observe heavy hole spin flip times of up to 1.7 ps at 10, 300 fs after the excitation. Additionally, a strong, late bleaching (Δ ∼10 ps) at the lower‐lying energies indicates post‐injection heating of the hole system. This effect is virtually independent of the surplus energies of electrons and carrier density as long as no higher bands are involved by direct or two‐photon absorption. It is a direct manifestation of energy transfer from thermalizing electrons in the L valleys to the hole system. This mechanism is supported by microscopic simulations based on the semiconductor Bloch equations, clearly identifying the cooling of the hole system. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ab‐initio modeling of carbon nanotubes functionalized with pyrrolidine
Authors: Almeida L. M. , Torres V. J. B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRecently it was found non‐oxidative unzipping of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT) in solvent‐free reaction. In order to relate the effect of functionalization to the unzipping process we have modelled, using ab‐initio methods, various small diameter single wall CNT functionalized with pyrrolidine. Using a density functional theory code we have studied the electronic and vibrational properties of these structures where the pyrrolidine on the external wall is either at longitudinal or transversal position. The hydrogenation of the nanotube along an axial unzipping direction is also simulated in order to evaluate its effect on the opening of hexagonal carbon structure as suggested in other works. We have found that only the longitudinal position of pyrrolidine along with hydrogenation induces the spontaneous opening of the CNT. This unzipping effect increases with the decreasing of CNT diameter. We also found important differences for the calculated local vibrational modes between longitudinal and transversal positions of pyrrolidine. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic structure of graphene functionalized with boron and nitrogen
Authors: Woińska1 Magdalena , Milowska Karolina Z. , Majewski Jacek A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present a theoretical study of the structural and electronic properties of graphene monolayer functionalized with boron and nitrogen atoms substituting carbon atoms. Our study is based on the ab initio calculations in the framework of the density functional theory. We calculate the binding energies of the functionalized systems, changes in the morphology caused by functionalization, and further the band gap energy as a function of the concentration of dopants.Moreover, we address the problem of possible clustering of dopants at a given concentration. We define the clustering parameter to quantify the dependence of the properties of the functionalized systems on the distribution of B/N atoms. We show that clustering of B/N atoms in graphene is energetically unfavorable in comparison to the homogenous distribution of dopants. For most of the structures, we observe a nonzero energy gap that is only slightly dependent on the concentration of the substituent atoms. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of graphene layers by Kelvin probe force microscopy and micro‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Nazarov A. N. , Gordienko S. O. , Lytvyn P. M. , Strelchuk V. V. , Nikolenko A. S. , Vasin A. V. , Rusavsky A. V. , Lysenko V. S. , Popov V. P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper considers a synthesis of graphene flakes on the Ni surface by vacuum thermal treatment of the “sandwich” a‐SiC/Ni multilayer deposited on silicon wafer by magnetron sputtering technique. Lateral size of graphene flake is estimated to be about hundreds of microns while thickness estimated by Raman scattering varied from one to few layers. Atom force microscopy (AFM) is not able to detect graphene flakes in regime of surface topology examination due to large roughness of Ni surface. Employment of scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) demonstrates a correlation of surface potential and graphene flakes visible by optical microscopy. Moreover, the SKPFM allows to detect the graphene layer even in case of absence of optical contrast from single graphene layer on nickel surface. Using of KPFM the potential differences between Ni and graphene is determined. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and magnetic investigation of single wall carbon nanotube films with iron based nanoparticles inclusions synthesized by CVD technique from ferrocene/ethanol solution
Authors: Komissarov Ivan , Shaman Yuri , Fedotova Julia , Shulitski Boris , Zavadsky Sergei , Kasiuk Julia , Karoza Anatoly , Pyatlitski Alexander , Zhigulin Dmitry , Aleshkevych Pavlo , Dluzewski Piotr , Prischepa Serghej , Szymczak Henryk , Labunov Vladimir 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this work we study the formation of film containing randomly oriented single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) from ferrocene/ethanol solution by chemical vapour deposition technique. The Raman spectra recorded with 532 and 1064 nm excitation wave lengths demonstrate the availability of radial breathing modes together with good crystalline quality of nanotubes. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies show that SWNTs generally form bundles. Besides SWNTs electronic microscopy observations prove the presence of nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon shell. We use Mössbauer spectroscopy technique to evaluate local configuration of iron ions in the nanoparticles. Also we apply ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy technique to confirm magnetic properties of synthesized SWNT films. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of chemical treatment on the electrical conductivity and thermopower of expanded graphite foils
Authors: Rastegaralam Mina , Piao Mingxing , Kim Gyutae , Dettlaff‐Weglikowska Urszula , Roth Siegmar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe investigated the interaction of chemical materials with flexible graphite foils which were fabricated from the expanded graphite (EG) flakes by mechanical rolling and compressing. A variety of performed experiments demonstrated that the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power (TEP) of the graphite foils can be modified by chemical treatments. In particular, the “as prepared” p‐type graphite foil was successfully transferred into an n‐type doped material upon a treatment with amine containing compounds. Generally, the acceptor‐like chemicals increasing the concentration of the electric charge carriers enhanced the conductivity of the graphite foils, thereby, showing a decrease in the TEP reflected by the Seebeck coefficient, whereas the donor molecules significantly affected the conductivity and changed the sign and value of the TEP. Thermal and electrical insulating polymers, such as PVDF, PMMA, PVA, PS or PC, filling the inter‐lamellar spacing reduced the conductivity of the foil due to increase of the layer‐to‐layer resistance. They also blocked heat flow in the foil, and consequently increased the Seebeck coefficient. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cascades, backscatter and conservation in numerical models of two‐dimensional turbulence
Authors: Thuburn John , Kent James , Wood Nigel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe equations governing atmospheric flow imply transfers of energy and potential enstrophy between scales. Accurate simulation of turbulent flow requires that numerical models, which have finite resolution and truncation errors, adequately capture these interscale transfers, particularly between resolved and unresolved scales. It is therefore important to understand how accurately these transfers are modelled in the presence of scale‐selective dissipation or other forms of subgrid model. Here, the energy and enstrophy cascades in numerical models of two‐dimensional turbulence are investigated using the barotropic vorticity equation.Energy and enstrophy transfers in spectral space due to truncated scales are calculated for a high‐resolution reference solution and for several explicit and implicit subgrid models at coarser resolution. The reference solution shows that enstrophy and energy are removed from scales very close to the truncation scale and energy is transferred (backscattered) into the large scales. Some subgrid models are able to capture the removal of enstrophy from small scales, though none are scale‐selective enough; however, none are able to capture accurately the energy backscatter.We propose a scheme that perturbs the vorticity field at each time step by the addition of a particular vorticity pattern derived by filtering the predicted vorticity field. Although originally conceived as a parametrization of energy backscatter, this scheme is best interpreted as an energy ‘fixer’ that attempts to repair the damage to the energy spectrum caused by numerical truncation error and an imperfect subgrid model. The proposed scheme improves the energy and enstrophy behaviour of the solution and, in most cases, slightly reduces the root mean square vorticity errors.