bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) in Low Myopia
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Carp Glenn I. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine 
Published: December 2014

PURPOSE:
To report the visual and refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction for low myopia using the VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany).

METHODS:
A retrospective analysis of 120 consecutive small incision lenticule extraction procedures was performed for low myopia. Inclusion criteria were preoperative spherical equivalent refraction up to −3.50 diopters (D), cylinder up to 1.50 D, and corrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better. Outcomes analysis was performed for all eyes with 1-year follow-up according to the Standard Graphs for Reporting Refractive Surgery, and also including mesopic contrast sensitivity.

RESULTS:

One-year data were available for 110 eyes (92%). Preoperatively, mean spherical equivalent refraction was −2.61 ± 0.54 D (range: −1.03 to −3.50 D) and mean cylinder was 0.55 ± 0.38 D (range: 0.00 to 1.50 D). Postoperatively, mean spherical equivalent refraction was −0.05 ± 0.36 D (range: −0.94 to +1.25 D) and mean cylinder was ±0.50 D in 84% and ±1.00 D in 99% of eyes. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 96% of eyes and 20/25 or better in 100% of eyes. One line of corrected distance visual acuity was lost in 9%, but no eyes lost two or more lines. There was an initial overcorrection in mean spherical equivalent refraction on day 1 (+0.37 D) as expected, which regressed to +0.10 D at 1 month and −0.05 D at 3 months, after which stability was reached (mean spherical equivalent refraction was −0.05 D at 1 year). Contrast sensitivity at 1 year was slightly increased at 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Small incision lenticule extraction for low myopia was found to be safe and effective with outcomes similar to those previously reported for LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2014;30(12):812–818.]
FocalCall: An R Package for the Annotation of Focal Copy Number Aberrations
Authors: Krijgsman Oscar , Benner Christian , Meijer Gerrit A. , van de Wiel Mark A. , Ylstra Bauke 
Published: December 2014

In order to identify somatic focal copy number aberrations (CNAs) in cancer specimens and to distinguish them from germ-line copy number variations (CNVs), we developed the software package FocalCall. FocalCall enables user-defined size cutoffs to recognize focal aberrations and builds on established array comparative genomic hybridization segmentation and calling algorithms. To distinguish CNAs from CNVs, the algorithm uses matched patient normal signals as references or, if this is not available, a list with known CNVs in a population. Furthermore, FocalCall differentiates between homozygous and heterozygous deletions as well as between gains and amplifications and is applicable to high-resolution array and sequencing data.AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION:FocalCall is available as an R-package from: https://github.com/OscarKrijgsman/focalCall . The R-package will be available in Bioconductor.org as of release 3.0.
Positioning Steinbeck's Automobiles:
Authors: DeLucia Laura 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Steinbeck's depiction of vehicles in The Grapes of Wrath reflects his nuanced automotive knowledge and his journalist's eye for detail, and much has been said about the symbolic nature of the Joad's 1926 Hudson Super Six as he depicts it. Time has eroded current readers' understanding of the semiotic significances of their vehicle of deliverance and the other vehicles they encounter in the course of the novel. Just as a BMW or Corvette expresses status today, automobiles communicated cultural, political, and economic position in the Depression era. Steinbeck clearly intended to convey class and social standing with specific makes and models; however, readers today cannot place a 1925 Dodge or a 1926 Hudson Super Six in a meaningful social context, leaving a gap in potential understanding. I exhume the cultural valences of the automobiles that populate The Grapes of Wrath and reveal these significances in practical terms of cost, advertising, and styling. This will reveal larger social and economic patterns of an emerging consumerist class and the shift from an agrarian to an industrial America.
L’auto-entrepreneur : une utopie libérale dans la société salariale ?
Authors: Abdelnour Sarah 
Published: December 2014

L’article se propose d’analyser les ressorts qui font passer l’auto-entrepreneuriat d’une utopie administrative et économique – la création d’entreprise sans formalités et sans risques – à une utopie politique et sociale – l’initiative individuelle comme pilier de l’ordre social. Il mobilise une enquête (par archives et entretiens) portant sur la genèse de ce régime dérogatoire de création d’entreprise mis en place en 2009, qui incite les chômeurs à créer leur emploi tout en institutionnalisant plus largement le cumul des revenus pour tous. L’article met en lumière la présentation de ce dispositif comme instrument de libération du travail, contre les ordres régulés du salariat et de l’artisanat. Il analyse ensuite une justification majeure de cette croisade contre les réglementations du marché du travail : la lutte contre l’exclusion. Les règles sont en effet présentées comme desservant les plus démunis socialement, et le libéralisme entrepreneurial prend alors les atours d’une « troisième voie », fédératrice d’intérêts variés, dans le champ politique et hors de ce champ.
Tourism Applications of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in Japan
Authors: VAFADARI KAZEM 
Published: December 2014

The concept of agricultural heritage emphasizes synergies between heritage andagriculture to explain the role of heritage tourism activities in globally importantagricultural sites. The study determined the tourism applications of globallyimportant agricultural heritage systems in Japan. The study used the descriptiveanalyticdesign including documentaryanalysis. The resultsshowedpracticalexampleof tourismanddevelopmentinSatoyamaasatool forconservationandrurallivelihooddiversification.The study concludes that GIAHS providesaparticipatingapproachthatallowslocalpeopletodeterminetheirmainconcernsandexpectations based on what tourism developmentpolicies should form.Keywords: Ecology, heritage tourism, Satoyama, agricultural heritage, descriptive design, Japan
In vitro Tissue Culture of Brassica oleracea var Italica Curd
Authors: SEGISMUNDO ALMA B. , RUADAP MAY EVELIA V. 
Published: December 2014

This experimental research determined the feasibility of micropropagating in vitro,broccoli from its curd through plant tissue culture technology to be able to produceplants that are free from any disease. The growth of broccoli (Brassica oleraceavar Italica curd in vitro was measured in terms of organ formation and the cultures’average height (cm) after the observation period. It also determined the percentsurvivorship of the plant cultures after the observation period. The method usedwas adopted from Balcita (2011) utilizing the modified Murashige and Skoog (MS)medium. Result of the study show that broccoli plantlets grew from the curd after asix-week observation period. Addition of thiamine in the culture medium protectedthe cultures from bacterial or fungal infections, thus coming up with very healthyplantlets and a high survivorship of the cultures was also observed. In conclusion,propagation of broccoli curd in vitro is feasible using the modified Murashige andSkoog (MS) medium; plantlets with roots, stem, leaves, and curd with florets can grow directly from the broccoli curd; and there is a high percent survivorship in thecultures with the addition of thiamine in the culture medium.
Floral Phenology of Bee Pasture Plants in Northwestern Cagayan (Phase 1)
Authors: CACATIAN SHELLA B. , PACRIS, JR. FROILAN A. , GARAN LINA M. 
Published: December 2014

Sufficient knowledge of floral phenology is the prerequisite to startbeekeeping. In August 2010 to July 2011, the researchers conducted a study inNorthwestern Cagayan to determine the existing bee flora and develop a floralcalendar in relation to pollen and nectar availability in the area. The study useddescriptive research utilizing quadrant method to obtain the data for this study.Analysis of data included frequency count. Based on ocular observations andsurvey, 55 plant species were highly abundant sources for honey and pollen.These species were identified as tree, palm, herb, and weeds. The study ascertains sixteen flowering plants as extremely important as those blossoms continually.The honey flow period is on March to May with the most number of bloomingplants like Artocarpus ovatus, Premna odorata, Antidesma bunius, Dipterocarpspp., Gliricidia sepium, Coffea sp., Diospyros philippinensis, Pterocarpus spp., Vitexparviflora, Melanolepis multiglandolosa and Ficus variegata. The dearth periodis July to September as Semaena saman, Terminalia microcarpa, and Portulaceaoleracea only bloom during these months. Northwestern Cagayan is suitable toinitiate bee farming. However, climatic factors restrict the phenological periodof most species. Plant attributes and taxonomic membership strongly relate toflowering phenodynamics in the different floras studied.Keywords: Ecology and conservation, floral phenology, bee flora, honey flow, dearthperiod, descriptive research, Philippines
Assessment of Ralstonia solanacearum (E. F. Smith) Yabuuchi et al. in the Soil in Different Tomato Growing Areas in Lantapan, Bukidnon
Authors: BAUTISTA CECILIA V. 
Published: December 2014

This study assessed the occurrence and severity of Ralstonia solanacearum (E. F. Smith) Yabuuchi et al. in the soil of seven tomato growing areas in Lantapan,Bukidnon. Soils collected at 20cm, 40cm, and 60cm depth were assessed for thepresence of Ralstonia solanacearum (E. F. Smith) Yabuuchi et al. using Kelman’sTetrazolium Chloride (TZC) medium. Result of the study reveals that the sevencommunities were infested with R. solanacearum (E. F. Smith). The highestbacterial plate counts were observed at 20 cm soil depth that differed significantlyfrom 40cm and 60cm depth in all barangays. Among the barangays, Basak hadthe highest bacterial count that also differed significantly from that of the otherbarangays. It is recommended that solanaceous crops not to be planted whilethe bacterium can still be recovered in the soil. A follow-up study should beconducted to determine if the strains of R. solanacearum (E. F. Smith) Yabaguchiet al. are presently affecting tomato in Lantapan, Bukidnon.Keywords: Ecology and Conservation, assessment, occurrence, infested,soil depth,experimental design,Lantapan, Bukidnon
Some Aspects of Biology and Management of Nematopalemon tenuipes (Aramang)
Authors: CULASING ROMEO C. 
Published: December 2014

The study assessed the growth and reproduction parameters of aramang -length infinity (Loo), growth constant (K), maturity size, recruitment size, andpeaks of spawning. These factors were considered biologically and economicallyon the formulation of proposed management scheme. Findings of the studywere presented to the LGU of Aparri, particularly the Sanguniang Bayan, forit to integrate them into its management and conservation plan or measures tosustain exploitation at sustainable level. Samples were in total length, classifiedas egg bearing and non-egg bearing, and data of lengths were subjected to FishStock Assessment Tool (FiSAT). Results show that aramang reached a maximumlength of 86 mm, size at recruitment was at 26 mm, and the smallest sample witheggs was 29 mm in length. The Von Bertalanffy Growth Constant was K=1.40indicating that aramang is fast growing and has a short life span. Egg-bearingsamples were highest in March (53.74%), September (62.00%) and October (55.00%). The non-egg bearing samples were highest in January (80.26 %) and May (56.88%) with an annual average of (53.28%). The monthly average lengthof the catch increased from January at 43.91 mm to October at 55.25 mm. Basedon the results, a proposed management scheme was drafted for consideration byconcerned agencies for alamang resource.Keywords: Biology, management, aramang, Paleamon sp., descriptive design, Cagayan, Philippines
Chitin from Portunus pelagicus (Crab) Shells as a Potential Adsorbent for Common Water Contaminants
Authors: LARINO RANEL C. , BOOC MA. CECILIA B. , DEMCO APHRYL DANRIL B. , GODA ALMA VIDA C. 
Published: December 2014

Portunus pelagicus (crab) shells are considered a delicacy by many throughoutAsia. In most instances, the specie is highly prized as the meat is sweet. This studywas conducted to investigate the common water-contaminant adsorption capacityof chitin from Portunus pelagicus (crab) shells under different concentrations and compare its adsorption capacity with that of standard adsorbents.Demineralization was done to the shells using a standard HCl solution for 24hours to remove all existing minerals. The demineralization and deproteinationprocesses were based on the methods of Takiguchi (1991). Demineralizedand deproteinized crab-shell was subjected to qualitative tests to confirm thepresence of chitin using the methods of Richards and Campbell. The percentageadsorption activities were determined by comparing the concentration of thecontaminants before and after chitin were added to the solution. It was observedthat adsorption activity increases as concentration of chitin increases. Thus, itis more effective in higher concentrations. The results revealed that chitin fromPortunus pelagicus offer adsorption sites for the common water contaminantssince it is composed of chitin fibrils, arranged with units of amino groups andoxygen that makes it ideal for adsorbing different materials; hence, it can be anefficient substitute for synthetic adsorbents for common water contaminants forit does not pose any danger to human health.Keywords: Marine biology, portunus pelagicus, turbidity, demineralized, deproteinized,chitin, absorption, pH, mercury, lead, experimental design, Philippines
Guinea Pig Models of Asthma
Authors: McGovern Alice E. , Mazzone Stuart B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDescribed in this unit are methods for establishing guinea pig models of asthma. Sufficient detail is provided to enable investigators to study bronchoconstriction, cough, airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Silk fibroin nanofibers electrospun on glass fiber as a potential device for solid phase microextraction
Authors: Müller Vinícius , Cestari Marília , Palácio Soraya M. , de Campos Sílvia D. , Muniz Edvani C. , de Campos Elvio A. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe electrospinning technique was applied to coat fused silica fibers with regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) nanofibers, aiming to build a device applicable for solid phase microextraction analysis. The device was characterized by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, thermal analyses (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis), and scanning electron microscopy, and employed to extract/desorb isopropyl alcohol (IPA) from the headspace of an IPA aqueous solution. The electrospun coating proved to be thermally stable up to 250°C, even after 4 h of exposure to this temperature. A 22 factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the flow rate of the polymer solution and the distance between capillary tip and collector on the mean RSF fiber diameter. A low flow rate (0.20 mL h−1) and large capillary tip‐to‐collector distance (12 cm) yielded fibers with mean diameter of (304 ± 46 nm). The nanofibers were heated to 250°C, simulating the conditions in the injector of a gas chromatograph (GC). In these conditions, the RSF nanofibers were found not to melt even after 4 h of exposure to heat, although slight structural damage was detected. Preliminary assays using the as‐constructed device built under optimized electrospinning conditions (0.20 mL h−1 and 12 cm) were performed in a GC by contact with the headspace of a 50 ppm IPA solution to determine the extraction and desorption times. The results indicated that the extraction process stabilized after 20 min of contact with the headspace of the IPA solution. The desorption process was complete after 10 min at 140°C. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41717.
Contribution of coherent structures to the buoyancy heat flux under different conditions of stationarity over Amazonian forest sites
Authors: Zeri Marcelo , Sá Leonardo Deane A. , Nobre Carlos A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe contribution of coherent structures (CSs) to daytime buoyancy heat flux was calculated for three forest sites in the Amazon region and a wetland site. Ejections and sweeps had similar contributions to fluxes at all sites, and when decomposing this contribution in scales, the resulting spectra were narrower for the forests. When accounting for times scales from 10 to 200s, CSs contributed to approximately 80% of fluxes for Caxiuanã forest site, with lower values for other locations. Among the forest, the contribution for the Jaru site was the lowest (≈66%) due to peak of contribution being close to 200s.
Vertical temperature wave number spectra of the Martian lower atmosphere
Authors: Ghosh Priyanka , Ramkumar T. K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe report that often vertical wave number spectra of the Martian lower atmospheric temperature are distinctly different from that normally observed for the Earth's atmosphere. In many cases, the observed spectra show wave saturation characteristics (log–log slope of −3) even at wave numbers greater than the ones corresponding to dissipative regime (log–log slope of −5/3), a kind of which is not reported so far for the Earth's atmosphere. Also, some times, steep spectral slopes are obtained at smaller wave numbers near the ones associated with dissipation and positive slopes are noticed at the higher end of the wave numbers of spectra.
Auswertung der Europäischen Nationalen Anhänge zum Eurocode 2
Authors: Ignatiadis Anett , Fingerloos Frank , Hegger Josef , Teworte Frederik 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEurocode 2 besteht aus vier Teilen, die zusammen mit den entsprechenden Nationalen Anhängen der CEN‐Mitgliedsstaaten anzuwenden sind. Die Nationalen Anhänge wurden vor allem eingeführt, um die nationalen Sicherheitsstandards in den verschiedenen Ländern über die NDP anpassen und regionale Aspekte berücksichtigen zu können.Das CEN (Europäisches Komitee für Normung) wird alle Eurocodes etwa bis zum Jahr 2018 überarbeiten und erweitern. Neben der Verbesserung der Anwenderfreundlichkeit steht dabei auch eine weitere Harmonisierung insbesondere durch Reduktion der nationalen Regelungen in den Eurocodes im Fokus.Um die Anzahl der NDP zu reduzieren, die Anwendung zu vereinfachen und die weitere Harmonisierung ohne Änderung der Grundstruktur und der Bemessungsmodelle des Eurocode 2 zu fördern, erfolgte zunächst ein Vergleich und eine Analyse der unterschiedlichen Nationalen Anhänge des maßgebenden Hauptteils EN 1992‐1‐1. Die Auswertung dieser Analyse kann helfen, einige wesentliche Aspekte der Überarbeitung des Eurocode 2 zu identifizieren.Im Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse der Auswertung der Nationalen Anhänge zu EN 1992‐1‐1 zusammengefasst und erste Vorschläge zur weiteren Harmonisierung vorgestellt.Analysis of the European National Annexes of Eurocode 2Eurocode 2 consists of four parts which have to be applied in conjunction with the respective National Annexes of the CEN‐member states. The National Annexes were introduced particularly to maintain the national safety level and to account for regional aspects in the different states.The CEN (European Committee for Standardization) will revise and extend all Eurocodes up to 2018. Thereby have been formulated two essential objectives for revising Eurocodes, namely the reduction of the number of Nationally Determined Parameters (NDP) and the improvement for “ease of use”.In order to reduce the number of NDP, improve the ease of use and allow for a further harmonization without changing the main structure and the design models of Eurocode 2, the National Annexes of EN 1992‐1‐1 of different CEN‐member states were compared and analysed. Furthermore, the analysis of the National Annexes may help to identify some main aspects for the revision of Eurocode 2.Below the results of an analysis of the National annexes of EN 1992‐1‐1 are summarized and first proposals for a further harmonization are made.
Liver resection in patients with eight or more colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Viganò L , Capussotti L , Majno P , Toso C , Ferrero A , De Rosa G , Rubbia-Brandt L , Mentha G 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Patients with large numbers of colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) are potential candidates for resection, but the benefit from surgery is unclear.

Methods
Patients undergoing resection for CRLMs between 1998 and 2012 in two high-volume liver surgery centres were categorized according to the number of CRLMs: between one and seven (group 1) and eight or more (group 2). Overall (OS) and recurrence-free (RFS) survival were compared between the groups. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify adverse prognostic factors.

Results
A total of 849 patients were analysed: 743 in group 1 and 106 in group 2. The perioperative mortality rate (90 days) was 0·4 per cent (all group 1). Median follow-up was 37·4 months. Group 1 had higher 5-year OS (44·2 versus 20·1 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) and RFS (28·7 versus 13·6 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) rates. OS and RFS in group 2 were similar for patients with eight to ten, 11–15 or more than 15 metastases (48, 40 and 18 patients respectively). In group 2, multivariable analysis identified three preoperative adverse prognostic factors: extrahepatic disease (P = 0·010), no response to chemotherapy (P = 0·023) and primary rectal cancer (P = 0·039). Patients with two or more risk factors had very poor outcomes (median OS and RFS 16·9 and 2·5 months; 5-year OS zero); patients in group 2 with no risk factors had similar survival to those in group 1 (5-year OS rate 44 versus 44·2 per cent).

Conclusion
Liver resection is safe in selected patients with eight or more metastases, and offers reasonable 5-year survival independent of the number of metastases. However, eight or more metastases combined with at least two adverse prognostic factors is associated with very poor survival, and surgery may not be beneficial.