bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Determination of the Okadaic Acid Toxins Group by a Colorimetric Phosphatase Inhibition Assay: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Smienk Henry , Domínguez, Elena , Rodríguez-Velasco María L , Clarke David , Kapp Katrin , Katikou Panagiota , Cabado Ana G , Otero Alberto , Vieites Juan M , Razquin Pedro , Mata Luis 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
An interlaboratory collaborative study to validate a colorimetric phosphatase inhibition assay for quantitative determination of the okadaic acid (OA) toxins group in molluscs, OkaTest, was conducted. Eight test materials, including mussels, scallops, clams, and cockles, were analyzed as blind duplicates. Blank samples and materials containing different OA toxin levels ranging from 98 to 275 μg/kg OA equivalents were included. The study was carried out by a total of 16 laboratories from 11 different countries. Values obtained for repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDr) ranged from 5.4 to 11.2% (mean 7.5%). Reproducibility RSD (RSDR) values were between 7.6 and 13.2% (mean 9.9%). The Horwitz ratio (HorRat) values ranged between 0.4 and 0.6. A recovery assay was also carried out using a sample spiked with OA. A mean recovery of 98.0% and an RSD of 14.5% were obtained. The results obtained in this validation study indicate that the colorimetric phosphatase inhibition assay, OkaTest, is suitable for quantitative determination of the OA toxins group. OkaTest could be used as a test that is complementary to the reference method for monitoring the OA toxins group.
Biopharmaceutical Facility Design and Validation
Authors: N. Odum Jeffery 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The manufacture of biotherapeutic drug substances is based on a synergy between science, product, process, and facility. This relationship is often difficult for many outside the industry to understand; manufacturing drug products from living organisms is a complex effort that must focus priority on patient safety. The guidelines that provide the foundation of compliance and regulatory oversight are supported by a number of guidance documents that provide the basis for validation, the precursor to product licensure as described in this work.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Homogeneous Reductive Amidation of Aldehydes
Authors: Raoufmoghaddam Saeed , Drent Eite , Bouwman Elisabeth 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe catalytic reductive amidation of an aldehyde (hexanal) with an amide (acetamide) is reported. Apart from the desired N‐hexylacetamide, the two isomeric unsaturated intermediates as well as hexanol are produced together with higher mass products that arise from aldol condensation and diamide coupling of the aldehyde. Screening of different catalyst precursor salts, ligands and reaction conditions led to the finding that the catalytic system based on the (cyclooctadiene)rhodium chloride dimer, [Rh(cod)Cl]2, in combination with the ligand xantphos and an acid co‐catalyst results in high selectivity for the desired product. Under optimized conditions nearly full conversion is reached with high selectivity to the desired N‐alkylamide and with a very high N‐alkylamide/alcohol ratio, while producing only small amounts of by‐products. The scope of the reaction has been investigated using different amides as well as aldehydes; the results show the general applicability of this novel reaction, but with electron‐withdrawing amides the selectivity to N‐alkylamide is lower. NMR studies showed that the nucleophilic addition of acetamide to hexanal is acid catalyzed, forming N‐(1‐hydroxyhexyl)acetamide in equilibrium with both hexanal and the dehydrated unsaturated imides. A catalytic mechanism is proposed in which a strong acid such as HOTs acts as a co‐catalyst by establishing a rapid chemical equilibrium between the aldehyde, acetamide and the intermediates. Furthermore, it is proposed that the presence of acid causes a change in catalytic species, enabling a cationic Rh/xantphos hydrogenation catalyst to selectively hydrogenate the intermediates to N‐hexylacetamide in the presence of hexanal.
Direct Terminal Alkylamino‐Functionalization via Multistep Biocatalysis in One Recombinant Whole‐Cell Catalyst
Authors: Schrewe Manfred , Ladkau Nadine , Bühler Bruno , Schmid Andreas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDirect and regiospecific amino‐functionalization of non‐activated carbon could be achieved using one recombinant microbial catalyst. The presented proof of concept shows that heterologous pathway engineering allowed the construction of a whole‐cell biocatalyst catalyzing the terminal amino‐functionalization of fatty acid methyl esters (e.g., dodecanoic acid methyl ester) and alkanes (e.g., octane). By coupling oxygenase and transaminase catalysis in vivo, both substrates are converted with absolute regiospecificity to the terminal amine via two sequential oxidation reactions followed by an amination step. Such demanding chemical three‐step reactions achieved with a single catalyst demonstrate the tremendous potential of whole‐cell biocatalysts for the production of industrially relevant building blocks.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroformylation of 1,1‐Disubstituted Allylphthalimides: A Catalytic Route to β3‐Amino Acids
Authors: Zheng Xin , Cao Bonan , Liu Tang‐lin , Zhang Xumu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe high enantioselective rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation of 1,1‐disubstituted allylphthalimides has been developed. By employing chiral ligand 1,2‐bis[(2S,5S)‐2,5‐diphenylphospholano]ethane [(S,S)‐Ph‐BPE], a series of β3‐aminoaldehydes can be prepared with up to 95% enantioselectivity. This asymmetric procedure provides an efficient alternative route to prepare chiral β3‐amino acids and alcohols.
Enantioselective Phase‐Transfer Catalytic α‐Benzylation and α‐Allylation of α‐tert‐Butoxycarbonyllactones
Authors: Ha Min Woo , Lee Heejin , Yi Hye Yeong , Park Yohan , Kim Sori , Hong Suckchang , Lee Myungmo , Kim Mi‐hyun , Kim Taek‐Soo , Park Hyeung‐geun 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new enantioselective α‐benzylation and α‐allylation of α‐tert‐butoxycarbonyllactones was devloped. α‐Benzylation and α‐allylation of α‐tert‐butoxycarbonylbutyrolactone and α‐tert‐butoxycarbonylvalerolactone under phase‐transfer catalytic conditions (50% cesium hydroxide, toluene, −60 °C) in the presence of (S,S)‐3,4,5‐trifluorophenyl‐NAS bromide (1 mol%) afforded the corresponding α‐substituted α‐tert‐butoxycarbonyllactones in very high chemical yields (up to 99%) and optical yields (up to 99% ee). The synthetic potential of this method has been successfully demonstrated by the asymmetric synthesis of unnatural α‐quaternary homoserines, 3‐alkyl‐3‐carboxypyrrolidine and 3‐alkyl‐3‐carboxypiperidine.
A Photochemical Route to Benzo[a]carbazoles via Domino Elimination/Electrocyclization of 2‐Aryl‐3‐(1‐tosylalkyl)indoles
Authors: Protti Stefano , Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino , Fagnoni Maurizio , Ballini Roberto , Albini Angelo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe photochemical synthesis of benzo[a]carbazoles from easily synthesizable 2‐aryl‐3‐(1‐tosylalkyl)indoles is presented. Irradiation of these substrates in polar aprotic solvents (acetone or THF) gives selectively the target products in satisfactory yields. This versatile and efficient procedure promises to be a useful alternative to the multistep strategies reported in the literature.
Production of polymalic acid and malic acid by Aureobasidium pullulans fermentation and acid hydrolysis
Authors: Zou Xiang , Zhou Yipin , Yang Shang‐Tian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid widely used in the food industry and also a potential C4 platform chemical that can be produced from biomass. However, microbial fermentation for direct malic acid production is limited by low product yield, titer, and productivity due to end‐product inhibition. In this work, a novel process for malic acid production from polymalic acid (PMA) fermentation followed by acid hydrolysis was developed. First, a PMA‐producing Aureobasidium pullulans strain ZX‐10 was screened and isolated. This microbe produced PMA as the major fermentation product at a high‐titer equivalent to 87.6 g/L of malic acid and high‐productivity of 0.61 g/L h in free‐cell fermentation in a stirred‐tank bioreactor. Fed‐batch fermentations with cells immobilized in a fibrous‐bed bioreactor (FBB) achieved the highest product titer of 144.2 g/L and productivity of 0.74 g/L h. The fermentation produced PMA was purified by adsorption with IRA‐900 anion‐exchange resins, achieving a ∼100% purity and a high recovery rate of 84%. Pure malic acid was then produced from PMA by hydrolysis with 2 M sulfuric acid at 85°C, which followed the first‐order reaction kinetics. This process provides an efficient and economical way for PMA and malic acid production, and is promising for industrial application. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2105–2113. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anti‐cell death engineering of CHO cells: Co‐overexpression of Bcl‐2 for apoptosis inhibition, Beclin‐1 for autophagy induction
Authors: Lee Jae Seong , Ha Tae Kwang , Park Jin Hyoung , Lee Gyun Min 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGenetic engineering approaches to inhibit cell death in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures have been limited primarily to anti‐apoptosis engineering. Recently, autophagy has received attention as a new anti‐cell death engineering target in addition to apoptosis. In order to achieve a more efficient protection of cells from the stressful culture conditions, the simultaneous targeting of anti‐apoptosis and pro‐autophagy in CHO cells (DG44) was attempted by co‐overexpressing an anti‐apoptotic protein, Bcl‐2, and a key regulator of autophagy pathway, Beclin‐1, respectively. Co‐overexpression of Bcl‐2 and Beclin‐1 exhibited a longer culture period as well as higher viability during serum‐free suspension culture, compared with the control (without co‐overexpression of Bcl‐2 and Beclin‐1) and Bcl‐2 overexpression only. In addition to the efficient inhibition of apoptosis by Bcl‐2 overexpression, Beclin‐1 overexpression successfully induced the increase in the autophagic marker protein, LC3‐II, and autophagosome formation with the decrease in mTOR activity. Co‐immunoprecipitation and qRT‐PCR experiments revealed that the enforced expression of Beclin‐1 increased Ulk1 expression and level of free‐Beclin‐1 that did not bind to the Bcl‐2 despite the Bcl‐2 overexpression. Under other stressful culture conditions such as treatment with sodium butyrate and hyperosmolality, co‐overexpression of Bcl‐2 and Beclin‐1 also protected the cells from cell death more efficiently than Bcl‐2 overexpression only, implying the potential of autophagy induction. Taken together, the data obtained here provide the evidence that pro‐autophagy engineering together with anti‐apoptosis engineering yields a synergistic effect and successfully enhances the anti‐cell death engineering of CHO cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2195–2207. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The important role of physical activity in the prevention and management of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ruchat Stephanie‐May , Mottola Michelle F. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe actual pathophysiology behind gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still unclear, but a deterioration in insulin resistance beyond that induced by pregnancy, combined with beta cell dysfunction, plays a key role. Interventions that help improve glucose tolerance by attenuating pregnancy‐induced insulin resistance or achieve glycaemic control may therefore help in preventing and managing GDM. In non‐pregnant populations, physical activity has been associated with an improvement in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity and a risk reduction for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is a cornerstone for T2DM treatment. However, there is still controversy regarding the benefits of physical activity in preventing and managing GDM. The objective of this review is therefore to provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of prenatal physical activity–based interventions on (1) glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and GDM prevention and (2) glycaemic control and insulin use in GDM women. On the basis of the available literature, there is a lack of consistent evidence regarding the benefits of physical activity on improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and preventing GDM. However, it appears that physical activity may help to achieve good glycaemic control and limit insulin use in GDM women. Compliance appears to be a major problem in physical activity–based intervention studies aimed at GDM prevention. Rigorous scientific research is still required to make an informed decision about the role of physical activity in the prevention and management of GDM and to develop evidence‐based physical activity guidelines for GDM prevention and management. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphite‐Polyurethane and Graphite‐Silicone Rubber Composite Electrodes for Electrochemical Characterization and Determination of Minoxidil
Authors: Sousa Rogerio A. , Dos‐Santos Sidney X. , Cavalheiro Eder T. G. , Brett Christopher M. A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGraphite‐polyurethane (GPUE) and graphite‐silicone rubber (GSRE) electrodes have been used for oxidative determination of the vasodilator minoxidil in pharmaceutical samples and in plasma and urine electrolyte solutions. The electrooxidation process at 0.840 V (GPUE) and 0.860 V (GSRE) vs. SCE was characterized over a wide pH range by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Quantification using cyclic, differential pulse, and square‐wave voltammetry, gave results agreeing with high pressure liquid chromatography, that has similar micromolar detection limits, but with a simpler analytical procedure. Advantages of these composite electrodes are non‐adsorption of analyte or oxidation products, a long useful life and robustness.
Changes in planktic and benthic foraminifer assemblages in the Gulf of Lions, off south France: Response to climate and sea level change from MIS 6 to MIS 11
Authors: Cortina Aleix , Sierro Francisco Javier , Filippelli Gabriel , Flores José Abel , Berné Serge 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA multidisciplinary study involving micropaleontological and geochemical tools was carried out in borehole PRGL1 (Promess 1), with the aim of reconstructing the impact of climate change and sea level variation between 133 ka and 406 ka in the upper slope of the Gulf of Lions. We used factor analysis to obtain three main benthic assemblages related to eutrophic, mesotrophic, and oxygenated environments; planktic foraminifers were grouped as warm‐water and cold‐turbulent species. These results were compared with records of CaCO3 and major and trace elements (Al, Ca, K, Sr) as well as the C/N ratio of organic matter. Power and cross‐spectral analysis showed a straightforward relationship between precession minima and thermal stratification of the water column as well as the occurrence of eutrophic bottom conditions during lowstand periods and mesotrophic environments at times of highstand. These eutrophic‐mesotrophic oscillations, usually driven by global eustatic change, also involved regional variations in CaCO3 source to this environment. During periods of precession maxima, enhancement of northwesterly winds increased primary productivity by mixing, enhancing the percentage of cold‐turbulent species in the water column and the proportion of oxygenated benthic species on the bottom. During interglacial stages, these events were recorded by lower biogenic carbonate at the expense of higher silicate‐related components most likely due to a higher supply from Pyrenees rivers. The record of oxygenated benthic species can be a good proxy to monitor past changes in Winter Intermediate Water dynamics driven by northwesterly winds.
Climate model genealogy: Generation CMIP5 and how we got there
Authors: Knutti Reto , Masson David , Gettelman Andrew 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new ensemble of climate models is becoming available and provides the basis for climate change projections. Here, we show a first analysis indicating that the models in the new ensemble agree better with observations than those in older ones and that the poorest models have been eliminated. Most models are strongly tied to their predecessors, and some also exchange ideas and code with other models, thus supporting an earlier hypothesis that the models in the new ensemble are neither independent of each other nor independent of the earlier generation. On the basis of one atmosphere model, we show how statistical methods can identify similarities between model versions and complement process understanding in characterizing how and why a model has changed. We argue that the interdependence of models complicates the interpretation of multimodel ensembles but largely goes unnoticed.
Biosynthesis of drosopterins, the red eye pigments of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kim Heuijong , Kim Kiyoung , Yim Jeongbin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster has red eyes. Scientists have been curious about the biosynthesis of the red eye pigments and have completed a number of investigations on these compounds. Scientific contributions made over the past 50 years have improved our understanding of the red eye pigments. Researchers have elucidated the chemical structures of some pigments and have successfully purified and identified the enzymes that participate in the biosynthesis of the red eye pigments. In this article, we will review the characteristics of the Drosophila red eye pigments and of the enzymes and genes involved in its biosynthetic pathway. © 2013 IUBMB Life 65(4):334–340, 2013.
A high‐speed liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry platform using multiplexed multiple‐injection chromatography controlled by single software and its application in discovery ADME screening
Authors: Zhang Jun , Vath Marianne , Ferraro Cheryl , Li Ying , Murphy Keeley , Zvyaga Tatyana , Weller Harold , Shou Wilson 
Published: February 2013

RATIONALEMultiplexed liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with multiple‐injection‐chromatogram acquisition has emerged as the method of choice for high‐speed discovery bioanalysis, because it significantly reduces injection‐to‐injection cycle time while maintaining the chromatography quality. Historically, systems utilizing this approach had been custom built, and therefore relied on custom software tools to communicate with multiple vendor software for system control, which lacked transferability, flexibility and robustness.METHODSIn this study, we refined a multiplexed bioanalytical system previously reported, by implementing open‐deck auto‐sampler manifold and multiple‐injection‐chromatogram acquisition, all on a commercially available system with single software control.RESULTSAs a result of these improvements, the developed LC/tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method on the system was nearly three times faster than the previous method, while demonstrating comparable analytical accuracy, precision and robustness. This system has been evaluated for in vitro ADME screening assays including metabolic stability, CYP inhibition and Caco‐2. The biological data generated on the developed system displayed good correlation with those from the previous LC/MS/MS approaches.CONCLUSIONSThe developed platform demonstrated applicability to the in vitro screening assays evaluated and has been successfully implemented to support the high‐throughput metabolic stability assay, with a significantly improved bioanalytical throughput, capacity and data turnaround. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inferring geographic origin, population structure and migration routes of a wintering population of Mediterranean gulls from resightings data
Authors: Carboneras Carles , Tavecchia Giacomo , Genovart Meritxell , Requena Susana , Olivé Marc , Oro Daniel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWinter congregations of migratory birds are made by individuals of different origins and generally assumed to be variable across space and time, but the demographic characteristics of these temporal populations are poorly known. We used 2,216 observations of 472 colour‐ringed individuals to estimate the annual local survival of Mediterranean gulls Larus melanocephalus wintering in NE Spain. In addition, by gathering the ringing information on the 19,856 individuals marked as fledglings in 18 countries between 1990 and 2009, we were able to infer the composition of population in relation to the country of origin. We coupled these estimates with geographic information to contrast hypotheses on the migratory pattern most likely used by the gulls in their first migration from their natal colonies to the wintering area. The probability of reaching the study area was negatively associated with the distance from the natal colony. Data were consistent with a migratory strategy that combines fluvial and coastal routes in an optimal way, seeking minimal distance along favourable terrain. We found that, after the first year, annual local survival at the wintering site (0.81 on average) was comparable with the one estimated at the breeding colonies, indicating a high individual fidelity to the areas used in winter. Our work shows that winter groupings may behave as real populations, shaped by breeding output and survival, and that the geographic origin of wintering birds can be explained by a simple model. The study of winter congregations can help understand a species’ population structure and movement strategies.
What will I be when I grow up? The impact of gender identity threat on adolescents' occupational preferences
Authors: Sinclair Samantha , Carlsson Rickard 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the impact of gender identity threat on adolescents' occupational preferences. Two hundred and ninety‐seven adolescents (45% girls, M age = 14.4, SD = .54) participated in the experiment. There were substantial differences between boys' and girls' occupational preferences. Importantly, adolescents who received a threat to their gender identity became more stereotypical in job preferences, suggesting a causal link between threatened gender identity and stereotypical preferences. A comparison threat to one's capability did not have this effect, indicating a unique effect of gender identity threat. Further, individual differences in gender identity concerns predicted gender stereotypical preferences, and this finding was replicated with an independent sample (N = 242). In conclusion, the results suggest that threats to adolescents' gender identity may contribute to the large gender segregation on the labor market.