bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Out-of-Order Execution of Guarded ISAs
Authors: Prémillieu Nathanael , Seznec André 
Published: December 2014

ARM ISA-based processors are no longer low-cost, low-power processors. Nowadays, ARM ISA-based processor manufacturers are striving to implement medium-end to high-end processor cores, which implies implementing a state-of-the-art out-of-order execution engine. Unfortunately, providing efficient out-of-order execution on legacy ARM codes may be quite challenging due to guarded instructions.
Predicting the guarded instructions addresses the main serialization impact associated with guarded instructions execution and the multiple definition problem. Moreover, guard prediction allows one to use a global branch-and-guard history predictor to predict both branches and guards, often improving branch prediction accuracy. Unfortunately, such a global branch-and-guard history predictor requires the systematic use of guard predictions. In that case, poor guard prediction accuracy would lead to poor overall performance on some applications.
Building on top of recent advances in branch prediction and confidence estimation, we propose a hybrid branch-and-guard predictor, combining a global branch history component and global branch-and-guard history component. The potential gain or loss due to the systematic use of guard prediction is dynamically evaluated at runtime. Two computing modes are enabled: systematic guard prediction use and high-confidence-only guard prediction use.
Our experiments show that on most applications, an overwhelming majority of guarded instructions are predicted. Therefore, a simple but relatively inefficient hardware solution can be used to execute the few unpredicted guarded instructions. Significant performance benefits are observed on most applications, while applications with poorly predictable guards do not suffer from performance loss.
"Driving curiosity in search with large-scale entity networks" by Ilaria Bordino, Mounia Lalmas, Yelena Mejova, and Olivier Van Laere with Martin Vesely as coordinator
Authors: Bordino Ilaria , Van Laere Olivier , Lalmas Mounia , Mejova Yelena 
Published: December 2014

In many search scenarios, users sometimes find unexpected, yet interesting and useful results, which make them curious; they experience serendipity. This curiosity encourages them to explore further. We developed an entity search system designed to support such an experience.
The system explores the potential of entities extracted from two of the most popular sources of user-generated content -- Wikipedia, a user-curated online encyclopedia, and Yahoo Answers, a more unconstrained question & answering forum -- in promoting serendipitous search. The content of each data source is represented as a large network of entities, enriched with metadata about sentiment, writing quality, and topical category. A lazy random walk with restart is implemented to retrieve entities from the networks for a given entity query.
This paper discusses our work, focusing on our experience in designing, developing, and evaluating such a system. We also discuss the challenges in developing large-scale systems that aim to drive curiosity in search.
Experimenting ResourceonDemand Strategies for Green WLANs
Authors: Debele Fikru Getachew , Li Nanfang , Meo Michela , Ricca Marco , Zhang Yi 
Published: December 2014

WLAN becomes a necessary facility for exible Internet provisioning in enterprise networks. Usually this connection provisioning is designed to handle a peak load with high density of Access Points (APs) to guarantee a desired level of quality of service (QoS). This design approach however leads to energy inefficiency due to the daily demand variability. In fact the off-peak period of the daily behavior is usually quite long and hence some resources consume power without any beneficiary activity. Resource-on-demand (RoD) provisioning is among foreseeable solutions that satisfy both energy efficiency as well as QoS constraints. That is the network capacity is dynamically dimensioned to demand while extra resource goes to low energy consumption mode to save energy. In dense WLAN scenarios, extra APs are turned off during low load until required due to increase in demand.
Some theoretical analysis of RoD has been proposed by related works, but experiments on real production networks are still needed in order to investigate the practical issues related to RoD strategies. This paper addresses some of these issues through an experimental activity performed on RoD strategies. Two strategies, namely association-based and traffic-based policies, are implemented in one part of Politecnico di Torino Campus WLAN. Results from our testbed show that RoD strategies are effective and energy saving up to 70% is possible.
Is Overweight a Risk Factor for Adverse Events during Removal of Impacted Lower Third Molars?
Authors: de Carvalho Ricardo Wathson Feitosa , do Egito Vasconcelos Belmiro Cavalcanti 
Published: December 2014

Being overweight is recognised as a significant risk factor for several morbidities; however, the experience of the dentistry faculties focusing on this population is still low. The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of adverse events during removal of impacted lower third molars in overweight patients. A prospective cohort study was carried out involving overweight patients subjected to surgical removal of impacted lower third molar as part of a line of research on third molar surgery. Predictor variables indicative of the occurrence of adverse events during surgery were classified by their demographic, clinical, radiographic, and surgical aspects. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed. In total, 140 patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria, and 280 surgeries were performed. Patients’ mean age was25.1 ± 2.2 years, and the proportion of women to men was 3 : 1. Eight different adverse events during surgery were recorded. These events occurred in approximately 29.3% of cases and were significantly associated with predictor variables (P < 0.05). Excess weight is recognised as a risk factor for the high rate of adverse events in impacted third molar surgery. The study suggests that overweight patients are highly likely to experience morbidities.
Redescription and molecular characterisation of Dujardinascaris madagascariensis and a note on D. dujardini (Nematoda: Heterocheilidae), parasites of Crocodylus niloticus, with a key to Dujardinascaris spp. in crocodilians
Authors: MAŠOVÁ ŠÁRKA , BARUŠ VLASTIMIL , SEIFERTOVÁ MÁRIA , MALALA JOHN , JIRKŮ MILOSLAV 
Published: December 2014

An examination of one specimen of Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus (Laurenti, 1768), from Lake Turkana (Kenya), revealed the presence of two ascaridoid nematodes belonging to the genus Dujardinascaris Baylis, 1947. Dujardinascaris madagascariensis Chabaud & Caballero, 1966 was studied by scanning electron microscopy, redescribed, and differentiated from D. dujardini (Travassos, 1920). Dujardinascaris madagascariencsis is the second of the genus to be sequenced. An internal fragment of the small ribosomal subunit and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 region were amplified—the slowly evolving 18S gene region was used for phylogenetic analysis. Molecular data confirmed affinity of D. madagascariensis to the family Heterocheilidae and revealed its closest relationship with D. waltoni. A key to the species of Dujardinascaris parasitizing crocodiles is provided.
The immature stages of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) nodosum (Johannsen) and Polypedilum (Tripodura) masudai (Tokunaga) (Diptera, Chironomidae, Chironominae)
Authors: TANG HONG-QU , CRANSTON PETER S. , ZHAO JIAN-GANG , LOK CHAN-WA , WONG KAI-CHIN , LI ZHI-QIANG 
Published: December 2014

Based on associated material collected from Macau and Guangxi, the pupae and larvae of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) nodosum Johannsen and P. (Tripodura) masudai Tokunaga are described completely for the first time. Both species are newly recorded from China. Characters for distinguishing the immature stage of these species from other allied Polypedilum species are noted. The previously recorded Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’ of Cranston (1996) is shown to be P. nodosum. Information is provided on distribution and ecological tolerances.
Diverse Influences of ENSO on the East Asian–Western Pacific Winter Climate Tied to Different ENSO Properties in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Gong Hainan , Wang Lin , Chen Wen , Nath Debashis , Huang Gang , Tao Weichen 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the East Asian–western Pacific (EAWP) climate in boreal winter is investigated in the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model results and then compared to that in the phase 3 (CMIP3) results. In particular, the role played by the differences among models in ENSO properties, including the amplitude and longitudinal extension of ENSO’s sea surface temperature (SST) pattern, is analyzed. Results show that an eastward shrinking of ENSO’s SST pattern leads to quite weak circulation and climatic responses over the EAWP regions in the models. On the contrary, a westward expansion of the SST pattern shifts the anomalous Walker circulation too far west. The resultant precipitation anomalies and lower-tropospheric atmospheric Rossby wave responses both extend unrealistically into the Indian Ocean, and the hemispheric asymmetry of the Rossby wave response is missing. All these features lead to unrealistic climatic impacts of ENSO over the EAWP regions. In contrast to the above two cases, a reasonable longitudinal extension of ENSO’s SST pattern corresponds to better ENSO teleconnections over the EAWP regions. Nevertheless, the atmospheric responses over the western Pacific are still located farther west than observed, implying a common bias of CMIP5 models. In this case, a larger amplitude of ENSO variability to some extent helps to reduce model biases and facilitate better climatic responses to ENSO in the EAWP regions. Compared with CMIP3 models, CMIP5 models perform better in representing ENSO’s impacts on the East Asian winter climate.
Enhancing Model Skill by Assimilating SMOPS Blended Soil Moisture Product into Noah Land Surface Model
Authors: Yin Jifu , Zhan Xiwu , Zheng Youfei , Liu Jicheng , Fang Li , Hain Christopher R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Many studies that have assimilated remotely sensed soil moisture into land surface models have generally focused on retrievals from a single satellite sensor. However, few studies have evaluated the merits of assimilating ensemble products that are merged soil moisture retrievals from several different sensors. In this study, the assimilation of the Soil Moisture Operational Products System (SMOPS) blended soil moisture (SBSM) product, which is a combination of soil moisture products from WindSat, Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite sensors is examined. Using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), a synthetic experiment is performed on the global domain at 25-km resolution to assess the impact of assimilating the SBSM product. The benefit of assimilating SBSM is assessed by comparing it with in situ observations from U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) and the Surface Radiation Budget Network (SURFRAD). Time-averaged surface-layer soil moisture fields from SBSM have a higher spatial coverage and generally agree with model simulations in the global patterns of wet and dry regions. The impacts of assimilating SMOPS blended data on model soil moisture and soil temperature are evident in both sparsely and densely vegetated areas. Temporal correlations between in situ observations and net shortwave radiation and net longwave radiation are higher with assimilating SMOPS blended product than without the data assimilation.
Nonlinear Infragravity–Wave Interactions on a Gently Sloping Laboratory Beach
Authors: de Bakker A. T. M. , Herbers T. H. C. , Smit P. B. , Tissier M. F. S. , Ruessink B. G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA high-resolution dataset of three irregular wave conditions collected on a gently sloping laboratory beach is analyzed to study nonlinear energy transfers involving infragravity frequencies. This study uses bispectral analysis to identify the dominant, nonlinear interactions and estimate energy transfers to investigate energy flows within the spectra. Energy flows are identified by dividing transfers into four types of triad interactions, with triads including one, two, or three infragravity–frequency components, and triad interactions solely between short-wave frequencies. In the shoaling zone, the energy transfers are generally from the spectral peak to its higher harmonics and to infragravity frequencies. While receiving net energy, infragravity waves participate in interactions that spread energy of the short-wave peaks to adjacent frequencies, thereby creating a broader energy spectrum. In the short-wave surf zone, infragravity–infragravity interactions develop, and close to shore, they dominate the interactions. Nonlinear energy fluxes are compared to gradients in total energy flux and are observed to balance nearly completely. Overall, energy losses at both infragravity and short-wave frequencies can largely be explained by a cascade of nonlinear energy transfers to high frequencies (say, f > 1.5 Hz) where the energy is presumably dissipated. Infragravity–infragravity interactions seem to induce higher harmonics that allow for shape transformation of the infragravity wave to asymmetric. The largest decrease in infragravity wave height occurs close to the shore, where infragravity–infragravity interactions dominate and where the infragravity wave is asymmetric, suggesting wave breaking to be the dominant mechanism of infragravity wave dissipation.
Theory-based analysis of clinical efficacy of triptans using receptor occupancy
Authors: Tokuoka Kentaro , Takayanagi Risa , Suzuki Yuji , Watanabe Masayuki , Kitagawa Yasuhisa , Yamada Yasuhiko 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Triptans, serotonin 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists, exert their action by targeting serotonin 5-HT1B/1D receptors, are used for treatment of migraine attack. Presently, 5 different triptans, namely sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, eletriptan, rizatriptan, and naratriptan, are marketed in Japan. In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed the relationships of clinical efficacy (headache relief) in Japanese and 5-HT1B/1D receptor occupancy (Φ1B and Φ1D). Receptor occupancies were calculated from both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data of triptans.

Methods
To evaluate the total amount of exposure to drug, we calculated the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUCcp) and the areas under the time curves for Ф1B and Ф1D (AUCФ
1B and AUCФ
1D). Moreover, parameters expressing drug transfer and binding rates (A

cp

, A

Ф

1B
, A

Ф

1D
) were calculated.

Results
Our calculations showed that Фmax
1B and Фmax
1D were relatively high at 32.0-89.4% and 68.4-96.2%, respectively, suggesting that it is likely that a high occupancy is necessary to attain the clinical effect. In addition, the relationships between therapeutic effect and AUCcp, AUCΦ
1B, AUCΦ
1D, and A

cp
· AUCcp differed with each drug and administered form, whereas a significant relationship was found between the therapeutic effect and A

Φ

1B
· AUCΦ
1B or A

Φ

1D
· AUCΦ
1D that was not affected by the drug and the form of administration.

Conclusions
These results suggest that receptor occupancy can be used as a parameter for a common index to evaluate the therapeutic effect. We considered that the present findings provide useful information to support the proper use of triptans.
Effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival crevicular fluid: a systematic review
Authors: Kapoor Priyanka , Kharbanda Om Prakash , Monga Nitika , Miglani Ragini , Kapila Sunil 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to generate evidence on role of potent markers of inflammation [cytokines, chemokines, their associated receptors and antagonists] following the application of orthodontic forces. Subsequent to registration with PROSPERO, literature search followed a predetermined search strategy to key databases along with hand search (HS). Seventy-seven articles from PubMed (P), 637 from Scopus (S), 51 from Embase (E), and 3 from hand search (HS) were identified. A total of 39 articles were shortlisted that met strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and quality assessment. Each study was evaluated for participant characteristics, study design, oral hygiene regimen, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) handling. Among these studies, biomarkers in the order of frequency were interleukin (IL)-1β (N = 21), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (N = 10), IL-8,IL-6(N=8), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) (N = 7), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (N = 3), IL-2 (N=4), IL-4, IL-10, RANTES (N = 2), IL-1, IL-5, IL-1α, IP-10, osteopontin (OPN) (N = 1) and receptors and their antagonists in the order of osteoprotegerin (OPG) (N = 8), IL-1RA (N = 5), and RANK (N = 1). Results revealed an immediate release of inflammatory bone-resorptive mediators, IL-1β and TNF-α, where IL-1β increased as early as 1 min to 1 h reaching peak at 24 h while TNF-α increased at 1 h or 1 day. This was accompanied by a fall in bone-protective mediator (OPG) levels at 1 h and 24 h after orthodontic force application. Continuous forces were accompanied by a decrease in mediator levels after attaining peak levels (most commonly at 24 h) while repeated activations in interrupted force upregulated their secretion. Significant correlations of IL-1β levels with pain intensity, rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and of activity index (AI) (IL-1β/IL-1RA) with velocity of tooth movement and growth status of individuals have also been deduced. A greater AI and RANKL/OPG ratio was seen in juveniles as compared to adults or non-growers that were associated with faster rate of OTM in juveniles. None of the studies addressed the effect of estrous cycle in female subjects. Lack of homogeneity in several parameters calls for a better controlled research on the biology of OTM.
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by standardized colon ascendens stent peritonitis in rats - a simple, reproducible animal model
Authors: Schick Martin A , Baar Wolfgang , Flemming Sven , Schlegel Nicolas , Wollborn Jakob , Held Christopher , Schneider Reinhard , Brock Robert W , Roewer Norbert , Wunder Christian 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Up to 50% of septic patients develop acute kidney injury (AKI). The pathomechanism of septic AKI is poorly understood. Therefore, we established an innovative rodent model to characterize sepsis-induced AKI by standardized colon ascendens stent peritonitis (sCASP). The model has a standardized focus of infection, an intensive care set up with monitoring of haemodynamics and oxygenation resulting in predictable impairment of renal function, AKI parameters as well as histopathology scoring.

Methods
Anaesthetized rats underwent the sCASP procedure, whereas sham animals were sham operated and control animals were just monitored invasively. Haemodynamic variables and blood gases were continuously measured. After 24 h, animals were reanesthetized; cardiac output (CO), inulin and PAH clearances were measured and later on kidneys were harvested; and creatinine, urea, cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were analysed. Additional sCASP-treated animals were investigated after 3 and 9 days.

Results
All sCASP-treated animals survived, whilst ubiquitous peritonitis and significantly deteriorated clinical and macrohaemodynamic sepsis signs after 24 h (MAP, CO, heart rate) were obvious. Blood analyses showed increased lactate and IL-6 levels as well as leucopenia. Urine output, inulin and PAH clearance were significantly decreased in sCASP compared to sham and control. Additionally, significant increase in cystatin C and NGAL was detected. Standard parameters like serum creatinine and urea were elevated and sCASP-induced sepsis increased significantly in a time-dependent manner. The renal histopathological score of sCASP-treated animals deteriorated after 3 and 9 days.

Conclusions
The presented sCASP method is a standardized, reliable and reproducible method to induce septic AKI. The intensive care set up, continuous macrohaemodynamic and gas exchange monitoring, low mortality rate as well as the opportunity of detailed analyses of kidney function and impairments are advantages of this setup. Thus, our described method may serve as a new standard for experimental investigations of septic AKI.
Inestabilidad de laderas e infraestructura vial: análisis de susceptibilidad en la Sierra Nororiental de Puebla, México
Authors: Galindo Serrano José Alejandro , Alcántara-Ayala Irasema 
Published: December 2014

<p>En México y diversas partes del mundo los desastres asociados a la inestabilidad de laderas generan impactos negativos en el ámbito socio-económico y ambiental. Además de las pérdidas de vida, y el daño a la cubierta vegetal, las afectaciones a las viviendas y la infraestructura son frecuentes; en los últimos años, la destrucción y deterioro en la infraestructura vial ha sido de particular importancia. Entre las diferentes áreas del país que de manera recurrente suelen ser afectadas por inestabilidad de laderas, se encuentra la Sierra Norte del estado de Puebla. Pérdidas humanas y económicas directas e indirectas, resultado de la ocurrencia de procesos de remoción en masa (PRM) desencadenados principalmente por lluvias intensas, en comunidades vulnerables expuestas de esta región, han tenido lugar desde hace algunas décadas. El impacto en la infraestructura ha cobrado gran relevancia, especialmente desde 1999, razón por la cual este estudio se centró en el análisis de la susceptibilidad a procesos de remoción de masa en las principales carreteras de la región de la Sierra Nororiental de Puebla. Dicho análisis involucró la elaboración de un inventario de PRM, así como de la cartografía temática empleada como insumo para la aplicación del análisis multicriterio y pesos de evidencia. Se obtuvieron dos mapas de susceptibilidad de la región de interés, y los resultados fueron analizados a través de un índice de recurrencia de PRM. Finalmente, se efectuó el análisis espacial de la susceptibilidad a PRM de varios tramos carreteros de la Sierra Nororiental, con base en el análisis de proximidad y de superposición. El inventario de PRM generado se integró por 166 procesos de remoción en masa y 40 zonas potencialmente inestables. Las áreas de muy alta susceptibilidad corresponden a zonas con un relieve muy accidentado, mientras que las regiones planas coinciden con zonas de muy baja susceptibilidad. La variación de los resultados expresados en los mapas de susceptibilidad elaborados a partir de ambas metodologías implica que la zonificación resultado del análisis multicriterio tiende a producir valores más bajos en la zona urbana, mientras que en el peso de evidencia, se le confieren valores menores a zonas montañosas que pueden caracterizarse como potencialmente inestables debido a su naturaleza geológico-geomorfológica, pero que adolecen de registros o evidencias concretas.</p><p> </p>