bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Question of Accelerated Formation in the Western Siberia of Target Designs of the Cedar Pine Forests on the Zonal-Typological Basis
Authors: Чижов Б. , Кулясова О. 
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты изучения зонально-типологических особенностей кедровников Западной Сибири. Выявлены оптимальные экологические условия для роста сосны кедровой. Предложены мероприятия по ускоренному формированию орехоносных кедровников.
Zone-typological features of cedar forests were studied based on the materials of the forest management of the Khanty-Mansi and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Districts. The analysis of the data showed that in the taiga zone of Western Siberia, more than 30 types of forest are included in the 6 groups. The most widespread and significant in economic terms is the plantation of cedar, which belong to the green mosses group of forest types. On trial plots of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and Tomsk Oblast, the growth of crops and undergrowth as well as the nut productivity of pine cedar were determined. Experiments on removal of birch and aspen by arboricides were carried out in the Tyumen region and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Optimal conditions for the growth of cedar are added under full illumination. Accelerated formation of nut-bearing stone pine forests is promising in herbage, grass-floodplain, green-moss groups of forest types in the southern and middle taiga, reducing by 5-10 times the period of oppressed cedar growth under the canopy of deciduous plantations. The cutting of the maternal stand is more actively responded to by adolescents 1–3 m in height. Thin young growth, more than 5 m in height, is prone to damage by wind. It is established that for clarification of cultures and natural growth of cedar, birch and aspen shoots are effectively sprayed in August with glyphosate derivatives (doses 6,0–8,0 l/ha) or dried by injection into barrels of arboricides. Radical acceleration of the onset of seed formation in cedar is achieved by grafting cuttings into crones of cedar youngstocks from positive seed-bearing trees. This made it possible to obtain pine nuts from the age of 20–25 years old and to reduce to a minimum the years with poor harvest. Low-productive dark coniferous plantations of forest-tundra and northern taiga, lichen and sphagnum stone pine forests of the more southern subzones are recommended to be used for protection of water objects and environmental protection purposes.
Structure Forest Stands Larch Sibirica of the Republic Tatarstan
Authors: Зарипов И. , Пуряев А. 
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований, характеризующие структуру древостоев лиственницы сибирской в Республике Татарстан. Отмечено, что основная часть лиственничников произрастает в условиях свежих сураменей, где их возрастная структура неравномерна. Показано, что наивысшей производительностью отличаются древостои, произрастающие в свежих раменях.
The article describes structural organization of larch stands in the Republic of Tatarstan. It was established that the area of larch makes about 5 thousand hectares located mainly in young suramen, young and dry ramen stands. Age profile of larch crops is uneven, and the average age profile of this species stands varies from 35,9 in Predkamje and up to 39,1 in Predvolzhje. This value varies depending on the site. Under D2 condition (young ramens), larch has the largest average standing crop, and those values are reached over 80 years. It was identified that larch forms high-bonitet stands (1a bonitet class) in young ramens that, besides all, feature the highest relative density. Conclusion: growing Larix Sibirica under conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan is feasible and attractive, and it is necessary to increase the area of planting larch seedlings in the region.
Evaluation of Response of Norway Spruce on the Influence of Climatic Factors in Forest Stands of Different Species Composition
Authors: Стоноженко Л.В. , Румянцев Д.Е. , Найденова Е.В. 
Published: July 2024

Методами анализа дендроклиматической информации выполнена оценка реакции ели европейской в древостоях разного породного состава на воздействие различных климатических факторов. Выявлена меньшая засухоустойчивость деревьев ели в чистом древостое по сравнению с липово-еловыми древостоями с небольшой долей ели в составе. Рекомендовано в соответствующих лесорастительных условиях Московской обл. создавать смешанные липово-еловые древостои
The article considers the issue of creation and formation of new plantations in forest areas, passed continuous sanitary logging. Less stability of homogeneous ecosystems is noted, in this connection the creation of pure spruce forests, especially in protective forests, seems to be impractical. In the formation of mixed stands it is necessary to select breeds that would be in a number of positions are complementary to each other and compensate for the impact of certain environmental factors. As a companion species or in the zone of coniferous-broad-leaved forests, the Linden is proposed in view of the presence of natural mechanisms of protection from dry periods, to which spruce is vulnerable.Also in the article the problem of interspecific and intraspecific competition as a factor determining the growth and development of stands is considered. In particular, the influence of this factor on the formation of the radial growth of wood was studied. The aim of this work was to assess the reaction of European spruce in stands of different species composition to the impact of different climatic factors, performed by methods of analysis of dendroclimatic information. The average chronology for stands with spruce more than 6 units in species composition and with Linden more than 6 units in species composition were calculated. A comparison with the results of a similar study, also carried out on the territory of Shchelkovo training and experimental forestry. Òhe method of correlation analysis and method of analysis of climogramsidentified most of the drought sensitivity of spruce trees in a pure stand compared to spruce trees from stands with a small proportion of spruce. The value of growth of spruce in the composition of the stand with a predominance of Linden was less dependent on the influence of climatic factors, which may indicate a greater stability of spruce in the composition of Linden-spruce stands in comparison with pure spruce. It is recommended to create mixed lime-spruce stands for the conditions of the Moscow region in the corresponding forest growth conditions. The creation of such stands will improve the stability of forests in the Moscow region and will provide better performance of their functions of protective forests.
Dynamics Of Seed Production Energy Of Siberian Pine Forests Formed by Thinnings
Authors: Дебков Н.М. , Сидоренков В.М. 
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований по влиянию разных вариантов рубок ухода на динамику энергии семеношения кедровых насаждений. На основе многолетних данных установлена оптимальная интенсивность рубок ухода за насаждениями кедра сибирского с целью формирования кедросадов. По результатам экспериментальных исследований апробирована методика определения динамики семеношения кедра.
Study findings of various thinning impacts on dynamics of seed production energy of Siberian pine forests in sites located within mid-taiga subzone in the Khanty-Mansyisky autonomous district are presented. The experimental plots were laid in the 1980s of Tyumen FES in the territory of the «Islands» tract of the Khanty-Mansiysk forestry. Since the beginning of the experiments, about 35 years have passed and all experimental objects entered the generative phase. The results of studies on the creation of Siberian pine seed orchard showed the possibility of forming Siberian pine’s forests when cutting with the complete removal of trees of unwanted species. The optimal parameters of seed bearing are observed in plantations with minimal thickness. Congested Siberian pine’s forests have low rates of seed bearing. On the basis of long-term data, optimal options have been determined for the intensity of thinning care for Siberian pine’s forests in order to form seed orchards. According to the results of experimental studies, a method for determining the seed production dynamics was tested.
The Development of Biological Methods for the Protection of Trees and Shrubs Against Invasive Pests in Hungary
Authors: Мелика Дж. 
Published: July 2024

Освещен опыт работ по разработке мер биологической защиты древесных пород от инвазивных вредителей в Венгрии. Показано, что при появлении нового дендрофильного инвайдера сначала необходимо детально изучить фауну его местных энтомофагов. Для защиты каштана посевного от восточной каштановой орехотворки наиболее успешным признано проведение интродукции специализированных энтомофагов, в частности Torymus sinensis. В результате его интродукции в Венгрию уровень паразитирования вредителя местами достигал более 90%, и вред от орехотворки был сведен к минимальному уровню.
New invading pests in Europe and particularly in Hungary, starting to be very common event, especially forest pests and those attacking parks and artificial plantations. Usually pesticide treatments are not enough effective against the invading species. Also many effective insecticides are strictly prohibited for use in parks and forests. Thus, research on their native parasitoid complexes and their regulative role is very important. In some cases, they can essentially regulate the population dynamics of those pests. During the last decades, research on parasitoid complexes of some important invaders and their effectiveness were evaluated in Hungary, especially what concern the parasitoid communities of some leaf-miners, the horse-chestnut miner Cameraria ohridella, and Parectopa robiniella and Macrosaccus robiniella on black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). Another invading pest, the sweet chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus), a serious pest of chestnuts worldwide appeared in Hungary in 2013. During 2002-2015 parasitoid complexes were under investigation in many European countries and native Hymenoptera parasitoids were established on the new invading pest: in Italy – 39 species, in Slovenia – 28 species, in Croatia – 20 species. In Hungary in 2013, 11 native parasitoid species were found on D. kuriphilus, in 2015 the number of parasitoid species increased to 17. However, the parasitization rate of native parasitoids in Hungary prolong years was very low, 2.0–4.7%. Thus, the classical biological control of the sweet chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, by the introduced parasitoid Torymus sinensis was evaluated in Hungary and its introduction and multiple release to the chestnut stands appeared to be very successful. For the first time Torymus sinensis was introduced to Hungary in 2014 and later multiple releases in different parts of the country were made in 2015 and 2016. Effectiveness of the introduced parasitoid evaluated in 2017 showed very high percentage of parazitization. In many places the parazitization rate of Dryocosmus kuriphilus by Torymus sinensis was very high, from 70 up to 84.3–-92.9 %.
Comparative Analysis of the Under-Canopy Spruce Populations Structure in Birch Forests in Southern Taiga Subzone and Mixed Forests Zone of the Russian Plain
Authors: Дерюгин А.А. , Глазунов Ю.Б. 
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты изучения демутационного процесса в 105-летних березняках с подпологовой популяцией ели в условиях хвойно-широколиственного и южно-таежного лесных районов. Рассмотрены возрастная и вертикальная структуры популяции ели, сделан вывод об отсутствии принципиальных различий в развитии подпологовой популяции ели в районах исследований.
Researches of recovery processes in natural post-disturbance birch forests with under-canopy spruce population are actual in connection with an increase in the area of ​​such stands, a decrease in the volume of tending felling in young stands, and insufficient knowledge of the process at the later stages of development of birch forests. The purpose of this study is to make a comparative analysis of the under-canopy spruce populations in birch forests, the age of which approaches age of natural maturity, for the conditions of the southern taiga and the mixed forests. The objects of research are birch forests at the age of 105 years with a under-canopy population of spruce. The works were carried out on permanent trial plots in the Moscow region, Mozhaisk district, and in the Yaroslavl region, Rybinsk district. For all the spruce trees age was determined, biometric characteristics were measured, the presence of rot was determined selectively when taking cores. It is established that the regeneration of spruce under the canopy of birch forests in the southern taiga and coniferous-broadleaved forest areas occurs according to similar scenarios. The basis of spruce trees formed under the canopy is a generation that appeared in birch forests under the age of 30 years. Another representative spruce generation appears when the birch trees reach the age of more than 70 years. By the beginning of the decay of birch forests (120 years), the spruce populations in these forest areas are characterized by approximately the same age and vertical structures. Despite some differences in the absolute values of the characteristics of spruce populations caused by the climatic conditions of growth, it can be stated that the process of natural spruce regeneration in the birch forests of the southern taiga and the mixed forests proceeds according to the same patterns determined primarily by the biological features of the growth and interaction of birch and spruce. Climatic conditions are of secondary importance. In these regions after decay of birch forests, low-density, low-productivity spruce forests with high probability are formed.
Floristic Features of Types of Birch Forests in the Northern Forest-Steppe of Western Siberia
Authors: Шишкин А.М. , Кулясова О.А. , Иванова Р.И. 
Published: July 2024

Изучен флористический состав живого напочвенного покрова различных типов коренных березовых лесов на плакорах северной лесостепи Западной Сибири. Проведен анализ флоры по экологическим группам, отражающим влажность экотопов. Дана оценка хозяйственной ценности видов напочвенного покрова.
The article presents the results of studying the floristic composition of the living ground cover of native birch forests in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Despite the fact that the vegetation of birch forests of Western Siberia is given great attention [1-6], the flora of birch forests of different typological affiliations in the subzone of the northern forest-steppe remains insufficiently studied. The investigations were carried out on the territory of the Abatsky leskhoz of the Tyumen region in the middle-aged birch forests, unbroken by felling, with a density of 0.5-0.8. It is shown that in placer conditions, the largest proportion of birch forest formations occurs in the types of the mixed-herb group. Four types of birch forests have been identified, which, as the moisture content and soil wealth of ecotopes increase, can be arranged in the following range: wood-reed-berry, wood-reed-grass, cereal – grass and dropwort-cereal. Complete lists of species of grass cover are given, indicating their abundance on the Drude scale for each of the types of birch forests studied. It is shown that the floristic composition of the herbaceous tier of birch forests ranges from 56 names in dropwort-cereal, up to 88 species in cereal – grass type of forest. In all types of forests, the species of the mesophilic group predominate (76.6-80.8%), but with an increase in the dryness of the ecotope, the proportion of xeromesophytes increases (from 8.9% in the dropwort-cereal to 20.3% in the wood-reed-berry forest type) and with the increase in the humidity of the habitat, the share of hygromesophytes (up to 19.6% in the dropwort-cereal type of forest), which leads to a reduction in the participation of mesophytes in the composition of the live soil cover of birch forests. The grass cover in the types of forests studied is characterized by a rather high abundance of useful species, representing a potential resource for economic use. Among the economically valuable species of ground cover of birch forests, the following groups of useful plants can be distinguished: fodder, medicinal, food, honey, technical (dyeing, tanning, ethereal), decorative. In the wood-reed-berry type forest there are rare species listed in the Red Book of the Tyumen region – a Cypripedium macranthon and a Cypripedium calceolus.
Influence of Light of Different Spectral Range on Morphogenesis of Blackberry and Raspberry in vitro
Authors: Гудь Л.А. , Калашникова Е.А. , Тараканов И.Г. 
Published: July 2024

Представлены результаты исследований по изучению влияния спектрального состава света на морфогенетический потенциал микропобегов малины (сорт Оранжевое чудо) и ежевики (сорт Black satin), культивируемых в условиях in vitro. Установлено, что микропобеги малины и ежевики с целью увеличения роста побегов целесообразно культивировать в условиях in vitro под светодиодными лампами синего спектра (СД-С) или чипом белым с люминофором (СД-ЧЛБ). Данные условия освещения оказывают положительное влияние и на коэффициент размножения, но только у ежевики.
The effect of the spectral composition of light on the morphogenetic potential of micro-shoots of raspberry (orange miracle variety) and BlackBerry (Black satin variety) was studied. The following lighting options are considered: 1) LEDs (SD)-red (wavelength = 660 nm); 2) SD-blue (wavelength = 444 nm); 3) high-pressure sodium lamp (NLVD) (wavelength = 602 nm); 4) SD-white (wavelength = 653 nm); 5) SD-CHLB (chip white with phosphor, chip-on-boat) (wavelength = 623 nm); 6) SD-green (wavelength = 515 nm). Control plants were grown in a light room, where white fluorescent lamps were used for illumination. It is established that the studied spectra have different effects on morphogenetic processes. So, to increase the growth of micro-run raspberry and Black Berry in vitro it is advisable to use led lamps of blue spectrum (SD-C) and white chip with phosphor (SD-CHLB).As for the increase in the multiplication factor, the most favorable conditions for the cultivation of microferenes for Black Berry were established using SD-blue and SD-CHLB, while for raspberry, none of the studied light spectra had a significant effect on the multiplication factor.
Modern Trends in Development of Satellite Imagery Interpretation
Authors: Сидоренков В.М. , Косицын В.Н. , Калнин В.В. , Кушнырь О.В. , Рыбкин А.С. 
Published: July 2024

Приведен обзор современных методов в области лесотаксационного дешифрирования данных спутниковой съемки. На основе результатов анализа указаны преимущества и недостатки различных методических подходов в области лесотаксационного дешифрирования, рассматриваются практические примеры применения методов многомерного регрессионного анализа для получения таксационных показателей насаждений, произрастающих в разных природных условиях.
Development of forest inventory interpretation modern procedures shapes scientific background to get reliable information on forest stands. Previous study results proved an opportunity to interpret high and medium resolution satellite imagery forest valuation characteristics however considerable part of experimental work in this area is based on regional studies that does not enable universal methodology development. Solution to these issues is addressed in this paper that covers 3 year studies under the government Rosleshoz target Development of forest taxation and inventory modern procedures based on Earth remote sensing (ERS) data analysis. The study findings showed an opportunity to address forest inventory interpretation target with multidimensional regression analysis procedures and computerassisted learning as its application enabled identification of sample plot stand taxation indicators and its spectral reflectory characteristics interactions.
Analysis of State and Dynamics of Forests in Russian Federation
Authors: Паленова М.М. , Филипчук А.Н. , Страхов В.В. , Малышева Н.В. , Шалимова Е.М. 
Published: July 2024

Представлены разработки отдела аналитических исследований в области информационноаналитического сопровождения, совершенствования системы управления лесами, формирования ключевых документов лесной политики, выявления актуальных и перспективных задач управления лесами, разработки стратегий, направленных на решение актуальных экологических проблем.
The article provides an overview of the scientific research of the Department Analytical Research of the State and Dynamics of Forests at the FBU VNIILM, which are related to various aspects of materials analysis and data on the state of forests and are aimed at improving information and analytical support for forest management at the federal and regional levels, decision support, and reporting on forest resources and forestry for executive authorities of the Russian Federation at all levels, the public and international forest organizations. The article provides examples of modern information technologies developed by employees of the department, which are necessary for the preparation of scientifically based management decisions.
Physiological Studies of Woody Plants
Authors: Молчанов А.Г. 
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты изучения водного и светового режимов, а также углеродного баланса лесов в разных лесорастительных зонах, засухоустойчивости и теневыносливости разных пород деревьев. Построена математическая модель определения углеродного баланса разных пород в различных климатических условиях. Разработана методика оценки фотосинтетической продуктивности древостоев, основанная на зависимости КПД использования солнечной радиации на фотосинтез охвоенных или облиственных побегов и поглощения пологом древостоя солнечной радиации.
The Laboratory of Plant Physiology was founded at the Forest Institute in 1944 under the supervision of a member of correspondent USSR Academy of Sciences L.A. Ivanova. During this time, the laboratory studied the water, light conditions and carbon balance of the forest in different forest zones. The dependence of the number and spectral composition of PARs under the forest canopy on the throughput of the canopy of the forest stand was investigated. The physiological mechanism of drought tolerance of trees in the steppe zone has been studied. It has been shown that there are various ways of adapting tree species to drought. The joint existence of species with different types of adaptation of trees to arid conditions (for example, oak, fluffy ash and small-leaved elm) reduces the life of plantings. Artificial shading studied the effect of light deficiency on growth, leaf anatomy and carbon metabolism in seedlings of different species and revealed a physiological mechanism shade tolerance. The intensity of the processes of carbon metabolism photosynthesis and respiration of various organs of trees (leaves, branches of different ages, trunk, growth and sucking roots) and their dependence on external conditions were studied. The carbon balance of individual leaves, branches, trees and stands was calculated under different weather conditions. The crown structure of several tree species was studied, the carbon balance of branches of different ages, and their lifespan. A mathematical model of the carbon balance of different species is constructed, and on this basis the possibility of the existence of a forest depending on the climate is calculated. Ecological and physiological studies were conducted (root respiration and photosynthesis of pine and birch). A methodology has been developed for assessing photosynthetic productivity based on the dependence of the efficiency of the use of absorbed solar radiation on the photosynthesis of covered or leafy shoots and the absorption of solar radiation by the canopy. It was found that forestry and photosynthetic productivity differ only slightly in these methods. It was found that the stands of pine and birch growing in optimal forest conditions have almost the same productivity. Estimates of the effect of moisture deficiency in seedlings of tree species under the canopy of wood stand.