bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microplastic pollution promotes soil respiration: A global‐scale meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Shuling , Rillig Matthias C. , Bing Haijian , Cui Qingliang , Qiu Tianyi , Cui Yongxing , Penuelas Josep , Liu Baiyan , Bian Shiqi , Monikh Fazel Abdolahpur , Chen Jing , Fang Linchuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicroplastic (MP) pollution likely affects global soil carbon (C) dynamics, yet it remains uncertain how and to what extent MP influences soil respiration. Here, we report on a global meta‐analysis to determine the effects of MP pollution on the soil microbiome and CO2 emission. We found that MP pollution significantly increased the contents of soil organic C (SOC) (21%) and dissolved organic C (DOC) (12%), the activity of fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDAse) (10%), and microbial biomass (17%), but led to a decrease in microbial diversity (3%). In particular, increases in soil C components and microbial biomass further promote CO2 emission (25%) from soil, but with a much higher effect of MPs on these emissions than on soil C components and microbial biomass. The effect could be attributed to the opposite effects of MPs on microbial biomass vs. diversity, as soil MP accumulation recruited some functionally important bacteria and provided additional C substrates for specific heterotrophic microorganisms, while inhibiting the growth of autotrophic taxa (e.g., Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria). This study reveals that MP pollution can increase soil CO2 emission by causing shifts in the soil microbiome. These results underscore the potential importance of plastic pollution for terrestrial C fluxes, and thus climate feedbacks.
Tree species explain only half of explained spatial variability in plant water sensitivity
Authors: Konings Alexandra G. , Rao Krishna , McCormick Erica L. , Trugman Anna T. , Williams A. Park , Diffenbaugh Noah S. , Yebra Marta , Zhao Meng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpatiotemporal patterns of plant water uptake, loss, and storage exert a first‐order control on photosynthesis and evapotranspiration. Many studies of plant responses to water stress have focused on differences between species because of their different stomatal closure, xylem conductance, and root traits. However, several other ecohydrological factors are also relevant, including soil hydraulics, topographically driven redistribution of water, plant adaptation to local climatic variations, and changes in vegetation density. Here, we seek to understand the relative importance of the dominant species for regional‐scale variations in woody plant responses to water stress. We map plant water sensitivity (PWS) based on the response of remotely sensed live fuel moisture content to variations in hydrometeorology using an auto‐regressive model. Live fuel moisture content dynamics are informative of PWS because they directly reflect vegetation water content and therefore patterns of plant water uptake and evapotranspiration. The PWS is studied using 21,455 wooded locations containing U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis plots across the western United States, where species cover is known and where a single species is locally dominant. Using a species‐specific mean PWS value explains 23% of observed PWS variability. By contrast, a random forest driven by mean vegetation density, mean climate, soil properties, and topographic descriptors explains 43% of observed PWS variability. Thus, the dominant species explains only 53% (23% compared to 43%) of explainable variations in PWS. Mean climate and mean NDVI also exert significant influence on PWS. Our results suggest that studies of differences between species should explicitly consider the environments (climate, soil, topography) in which observations for each species are made, and whether those environments are representative of the entire species range.
A numerical oxidation model for SiC‐coated thermal protection systems in hypersonic applications
Authors: Le Maout Vincent , Yang Yosheph , You Hojun , Kim Jae Gang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) is a widely used component for thermal protection system (TPS) design. This material is often used either as a coating layer to protect beneath carbon‐based material against oxidation or as a ceramic matrix for composite materials used in the hypersonic leading edges. A numerical equilibrium model for SiC‐coated material ablation is developed in this study to compute the material response of coated TPS in hypersonic relevant aerothermal environment. The developed model is based on an equilibrium approach similar to the carbon graphite oxidation framework for ablative charring materials. The equilibrium wall composition is calculated based on the minimization of the Gibbs free energy. The proposed method can capture numerically the transition from passive to active oxidation while maintaining a low computational cost and good numerical stability. Implementation of the model in the Porous Material Analysis Toolbox based on OpenFOAM code permits to compare against previous literature test cases. By comparing the surface temperature obtained from the model with the experimental data, it is observed that the numerical model gives a good estimation providing accurate surface temperature prediction.
Sexual dimorphism in the dwarf round ray Urotrygon nana
Authors: Guzmán‐Castellanos Ana Bricia , Cervantes‐Hernández Pedro , Ramírez‐Chávez Eduardo Juventino , Martínez Reyes Vanessa , Torres‐Huerta Ana María 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents information on the morphological, morphometric, and dental sex differences in the dwarf round ray Urotrygon nana. We recorded 12 morphological traits, sex, the distribution pattern of dermal denticles, the number of tooth rows, and the tooth shape of 466 individuals. The disc width of females ranged from 50 to 172 mm and that of males ranged from 53 to 135 mm. A neuronal classification model and a correspondence analysis showed that female disc width was 21.5% broader, and the distance from the rostrum to the anus was 17.7% longer than that of males, whereas males presented 19.5% greater distance between the nostrils, 9.7% greater preorbital snout length, 6.8% greater cloaca to caudal‐fin length, 2.7% greater interorbital distance, and 1.1% greater total length than females. The disc of adult males, including the abdominal cavity area, was densely covered with dermal denticles, which were slightly larger than those observed in females. Females presented homodont dentition with molariform teeth and a smooth lozenge‐shaped crown with rounded margins. Males exhibited homodonty but with tooth morphology variations in individuals of different sizes (from molariforms to sharper cusp teeth). There were changes in disc shape (from subcircular to oval), distribution and size of dermal denticles (more abundant and larger), and tooth shape (from molariform to monocuspid teeth) during male development, from neonates to adults. U. nana exhibited sexual dimorphism in size, disc shape, number and shape of teeth, and distribution and size of dermal denticles.
Fish 3D Locomotion app: a user‐friendly computer application package for automatic data calculation and endpoint extraction for novel tank behavior in fish
Authors: Luong Cao Thang , Audira Gilbert , Kurnia Kevin Adi , Hung Chih‐Hsin , Hsiao Chung‐Der 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces the Fish 3D Locomotion app (F3LA), a Python‐based, Graphical User Interface (GUI)‐equipped tool designed to automate behavioral endpoint extraction in zebrafish locomotion assays. Building on our previous work, which utilized a specialized aquatic tank with a mirror and a single camera for fish movement tracking in three dimensions, F3LA significantly enhances data processing efficiency. Its accuracy was tested by reanalyzing and comprehensively comparing the calculated data with the previously published data from prior publications. From the comparison results, 90% of endpoints showed a similar statistical difference result. These minor differences were due to the different starting points for the dataset and updated calculation formulas that are implemented in F3LA. In addition, shoaling area or shoaling volume calculations are also included in F3LA as a new feature that can serve as sensitive indicators of social cohesion, group dynamics, or stress responses, offering insights into neuropsychological conditions or the effects of pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, F3LA offers a marked improvement over manual operations, being at least five times faster, while maintaining consistent accuracy as it reduces human‐induced errors, ensuring a higher degree of reliability in the results. Finally, the potency of F3LA was tested to evaluate the toxicities of 14 rare earth elements (REEs) to the adult zebrafish behaviors. Based on the results, our findings suggested that each tested REE altered fish behaviors in different patterns and magnitudes to each other. However, among the tested light rare earth elements (LREEs), neodymium was demonstrated to cause more relatively severe behavior alterations than other LREEs, indicated by the statistically higher value of entropy (0.2695 ± 0.04977 (mean with a standard deviation)) than the control group (0.2352 ± 0.05896). Meanwhile, in terms of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), erbium seemed to lead to more distinct behavior toxicities than other HREEs, which was shown by the statistically lower level of fractal dimension (2.022 ± 0.3412) than the untreated group (2.255 ± 0.1661). Taken together, F3LA's development marks a significant advance in high‐throughput toxicological and pharmacological assessments in zebrafish, leveraging three‐dimensional locomotion data for a more comprehensive analysis of fish behavior performance, providing a significant contribution to research in various fields.
Nurse judgements of hospitalized patients' safety concerns are affected by patient, nurse and event characteristics: A factorial survey experiment
Authors: Groves Patricia S. , Farag Amany , Perkhounkova Yelena , Sabin Janice A. , Witry Matthew J. , Wright Brad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo test the influences of patient, safety event and nurse characteristics on nurse judgements of credibility, importance and intent to report patients' safety concerns.DesignFactorial survey experiment.MethodsA total of 240 nurses were recruited and completed an online survey including demographic information and responses to eight factorial vignettes consisting of unique combinations of eight patient and event factors. Hierarchical multivariate analysis was used to test influences of vignette factors and nurse characteristics on nurse judgements.ResultsThe intraclass coefficients for nurse judgements suggest that the variation among nurses exceeded the influence of contextual vignette factors. Several significant sources of nurse variation were identified, including race/ethnicity, suggesting a complex relationship between nurses' characteristics and their potential biases, and the influence of personal and patient factors on nurses' judgements, including the decision to report safety concerns.ConclusionNurses are key players in the system to manage patient safety concerns. Variation among nurses and how they respond to scenarios of patient safety concerns highlight the need for nurse‐level intervention.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareComplex factors influence nurses' judgement, interpretation and reporting of patients' safety concerns.ImpactUnderstanding nurse judgement regarding patient‐expressed safety concerns is critical for designing processes and systems that promote reporting. Multiple event and patient characteristics (type of event and apparent harm, and patient gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and communication approach) as well as participant characteristics (race/ethnicity, gender, years of experience and primary hospital area) impacted participants' judgements of credibility, degree of concern and intent to report. These findings will help guide patient safety nurse education and training.Reporting MethodSTROBE guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionMembers of the public, including patient advocates, were involved in content validation of the vignette scenarios, norming photographs used in the factorial survey and testing the survey functionality.
Parametric and non‐parametric measurement of efficiency in hotel industry: A systematic literature review
Authors: Vidali Mara E. , Menegaki Angeliki N. , Ahmad Nisar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper conducts an extensive systematic literature review on the measurement of efficiency in the hotel sector, which is the cornerstone of tourism. Thus, scrutinizing its performance measurement is vital for the advancement and strategic development of the sector. Exploiting the Scopus database, the paper offers a unique methodology for documenting sample transparency and selection objectivity and can constitute an example for future literature reviews. A range of articles is assessed to discern prevailing trends, key authors, and influential journals. A division of parametric and non‐parametric nature, various efficiency measurement methodologies, the input and output variables, geographical covering as well as various other metrics and benchmarks have been included. The study reveals a predominant focus on technical efficiency and commonly employed input variables such as the number of hotel rooms and employees. The paper suggests future research directions, advocating for a broader exploration of efficiency dimensions, including profit and cost aspects, the integration of emerging variables like digitalization and environmental factors and the use of larger samples. This study provides a comprehensive overview beneficial for academics, industry practitioners, and policymakers, synthesizing a clear orientation in the subject and indicating critical research routes for advancing the field's understanding and practical applications.
Combined MR quantitative susceptibility mapping and multi‐shell diffusion in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Andersson Forsman Oscar , Sjöström Henrik , Svenningsson Per , Granberg Tobias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and the g‐ratio have separately shown differences between Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy controls. The g‐ratio has, however, not been studied in PD in the substantia nigra (SN) and the putamen. A combination of these methods could also potentially be a complementary imaging biomarker for PD. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of QSM, NODDI, the g‐ratio, and a combined QSM‐NODDI imaging marker in the SN and putamen of PD patients.MethodsIn this prospective study, the diagnostic performance of median region of interest values was compared in a cohort of 15 participants with PD and 14 healthy controls after manual segmentation. The diagnostic performance was assessed using the area under curve (AUC) for the receiving operator characteristic.ResultsMedian QSM in the contralateral SN identified PD with AUC 0.77, and median isotropic volume fraction identified PD in the ipsilateral SN with AUC 0.68. A combined NODDI‐QSM marker improved diagnostic performance (AUC 0.80). No significant differences were found in the g‐ratio.ConclusionA combination of median QSM and median isotropic volume fraction improves the differentiation of PD from healthy controls and is a potential biomarker in the diagnostics of PD. This confirms previously reported results indicating that combining QSM and NODDI modestly improves differentiation of PD.
Prosthodontic criteria for maxillary immediate occlusal loading, surgical classifications of atrophic maxillae, and presentation of a new implant/anatomic classification system for immediate maxillary rehabilitation
Authors: Zaninovich Michael , Drago Carl 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeImmediate full‐arch occlusal loading for patients with atrophic edentulous maxillae satisfies critical needs for this specific type of edentulous patient after placement of implants with high levels of primary implant stability. The needs include improved aesthetics, limited immediate improved function, and elimination of removable prostheses. Classification systems exist for edentulous maxillae but they do not include specifics regarding posterior implant placement. In conjunction with anterior implants, posterior implants improve Anterior/Posterior (A/P) spreads, decrease cantilevered segments (CLs), and likely will improve implant and prosthetic success rates. The purposes of this article include presenting a new classification system that outlines the different types of implants now available which will likely achieve the requisite primary stability for immediate fixed rehabilitation. This proposed classification system identifies a relationship between different implant options currently available and the remaining quantity of bone in the first and second maxillary molar zones.Materials and methodsThe available literature regarding current classification systems was reviewed. The benefits and limitations of each system were described. The parameters associated with Immediate Occlusal Loading (IOL) for full arch maxillary prostheses include: posterior cantilever lengths of full arch fixed prostheses; existing A/P spread considerations for full arch prostheses; and introduction of a new classification system for atrophic posterior maxillary edentulous ridges were identified.ResultsCurrently, there are no available classification systems that outline specific implant options for posterior maxillae which will likely achieve the minimum primary stability needed for immediate rehabilitation. A new classification system was proposed where the rationale was to show clinicians that when a certain amount of bone remains in the posterior maxilla, there are specific implants designed to maximize primary stability. High implant primary stability is required for rehabilitation with immediate fixed implant‐supported provisional prostheses. The proposed classification system assists clinicians in understanding what implant geometry is available and can be expected to achieve the requisite primary stability for immediate occlusal loading based on the available bone in the posterior maxillary molar zone.ConclusionsThis article reviewed current classification systems for edentulous maxillary patients, as well as clinical parameters required for full arch, immediate occlusal loading. It also presented a new classification system to assist clinicians in selecting appropriate implants and surgical techniques for immediate fixed rehabilitation of patients with atrophic maxillae.
Clinical evaluation of a one‐piece polyetheretherketone removable partial denture fabricated using a novel digital workflow: A self‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yoon Jung‐min , Liu Yunsong , Sun Yuchun , Ye Hongqiang , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo explore the clinical application of one‐piece polyetheretherketone (PEEK) removable partial dentures (RPDs) fabricated using a novel digital workflow and to evaluate their weights and fits in vivo and patient satisfaction.Materials and MethodsFifteen cases with posterior partially edentulous situations were selected, and each patient received two types of RPDs, including a novel digital workflow (test group) and a conventional workflow (control group). For the test group, one‐piece RPDs were designed through three‐dimensional (3D) methods by scanning stone casts and fabricated by milling PEEK discs. Each RPD was weighed. The gaps between the oral tissue and RPDs in each group were duplicated using a polyvinylsiloxane (PVS) replica and measured by 3D analysis. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the patient's satisfaction. Paired t‐tests were used to compare the differences in the weight, the gaps of each RPD, and VAS values between the two groups. One‐way analysis of variance tests was used to compare the differences in the gap among different components in each group.ResultsThe RPD in the test group weighed less than that in the control group (p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences in the gaps of denture bases and rests (p > 0.05) were found between the two groups, but the gaps of major connectors in the test group were significantly smaller than in the control group (p < 0.05). The VAS scores for comfortableness and masticatory efficiency were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05) but the scores for the aesthetic appearance of the clasps in the test group were significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOne‐piece PEEK RPDs manufactured using a novel digital workflow weighed less than conventional RPDs and exhibited a clinically acceptable internal fit. Although the aesthetic appearance of the PEEK clasps was superior to the control, there is still room for improvement.
A meta‐analysis of the meat physicochemical parameters of broiler chickens fed insect‐based diet
Authors: Malematja Emmanuel , Sebola Nthabiseng A. , Manyelo Tlou G. , Kolobe Sekobane D. , Mabelebele Monnye 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA total of 23 studies were identified in a literature search performed in the Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases for meta‐analysis. The criteria used include studies that were published from 2015 to 2023 and those reporting the effects of insect meal utilisation in poultry diets. Data on live weight (LW), carcass weight (CW), moisture, meat pH, lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), proximate composition (protein, fat and ash content) and shear force in broilers were subjected to OpenMEE software, and data were pooled using a random‐effect model. Subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were performed to ascertain the influence of dietary insect meals on the response of meat aspects and the source of heterogeneity, respectively, using the following moderators (insect species, dosage level, feeding duration and age at slaughter). The results indicated that dietary insect meal did not affect LW, CW, meat L*, pH, shear force, moisture, fat and ash content. In contrast, dietary insect meal increased the a* of the meat (standardised mean differences (SMDs) = 1.03; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 0.484–1.578; p ≤ 0.001), b* (SMD = 1.117; 95% CI = 0.334–1.90; p = 0.005), and meat protein content (SMD = 0.365; 95% CI = 0.031–0.7; p = 0.032). The subgroup analysis showed that insect meal dosage of ≤10% and age at slaughtered ≤35 days had improved the LW, CW and meat L*. In addition, the meat a*, protein and ash content were also influenced by insect species, dosage levels and age at slaughter. In conclusion, ≤10% of either Hermetia illucens or Tenebrio molitor can be included in broiler diets without compromising the LW, CW, meat pH, colour, shear force, moisture, fat and ash content in broilers. The study therefore indicated that insect meals have a bright future as an alternative protein source in poultry diets.
The logical structure of modular semantic theories of software systems
Authors: Angius Nicola , Stefaneas Petros 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the structure of semantic theories over modular computational systems and applies the algebraic Theory of Institutions to provide a logical representation of such theories. A modular semantic theory is here defined by a cluster of semantic theories, each for a single program's module, and by a set of relations connecting models of different semantic theories. A semantic theory of a single module is provided in terms of the set of ∑‐models mapped from the category Th of ∑‐theories and generating a hierarchy of structures from an abstract model to a concrete model of data. The collection of abstract models representing different modules of a program is formalised as the category of institutions INS, where theory morphisms express refinements, integrations, and compositions between couples of modules. Finally, it is required that a morphism in INS at any level occurs iff the same morphism occurs at the lower level alongside the Th hierarchy.