bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Blade‐type Crawler Mechanism for a Fast Deployment Task to Observe Eruptions on Mt. Mihara
Authors: Yamada Yasuyuki , Miyagawa Yutaka , Yokoto Ryota , Endo Gen 
Published: May 2015

Observing a crater during a volcanic eruption is a dangerous task that is still being performed by volcanologists. Because of the risks involved, it is proposed that this observation be performed by robots rather than humans. Unlike rescue robots that operate inside buildings, those that observe craters during volcanic activities are expected to demonstrate rapid movements because the environmental conditions during an eruption can change in a split second. Furthermore, the cost of the robots to be developed should be kept to a minimum, as there is a high chance that they will be damaged or lost. This study proposes a blade‐type crawler vehicle with improved performance over rough terrain. The vehicle does not compromise speed nor does it have complex controls, which keeps the cost low. The objective of the study was to observe eruptions on Mt. Mihara on Izu Oshima Island, where there have been threats of eruption in recent years. The proposed vehicle was tested, and its effectiveness was demonstrated through laboratory experiments and a field test on Mt. Mihara. This vehicle was capable of traveling on scoria desert and vulnerable, uneven, and rough terrain, including bushes, on Izu Oshima Island. In addition, the vehicle recorded a maximum velocity of about 10 km/h and climbed over steps with a height of about 135 mm, which is about 270% of the diameter of its wheel. Moreover, it is small, lightweight (2.5 kg), and it can be operated by one person. Through practical experiments, it was verified that the vehicle demonstrated superior performance and speed over rough terrain as compared with other crawler mechanisms. Therefore, it was found that the mechanism was effective for an unmanned probe device, especially in a hypothetical volcanic eruption site on Izu Oshima Island.
RJ: a Java package providing JR‐like concurrent programming
Authors: Olsson Ronald A. , Williamson Todd 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe JR concurrent programming language extends Java with a richer concurrency model, by adding several new types and statements. JR provides dynamic remote virtual machine creation, dynamic remote object creation, remote method invocation, dynamic process creation, rendezvous, asynchronous message passing, semaphores, concurrent invocation, and shared variables. This paper presents RJ, a package for Java that provides JR‐like features. The paper gives an overview of RJ and its key features; describes the implications of RJ's design, including how RJ provides additional, useful flexibility; discusses the implementation of RJ; and gives qualitative and quantitative evaluations of our work with respect to feasibility and usability, experimentation, migration, and performance. RJ has been successful in meeting these goals and in providing insight into the trade‐offs between using a concurrent programming language versus using the equivalent concurrent package. Our work has yielded a few surprises in dealing with some concurrent programming language features, in understanding the run‐time performances of JR versus RJ programs, and in obtaining some additional, useful flexibility for concurrent programming applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wind field simulation of large horizontal‐axis wind turbine system under different operating conditions
Authors: Chen Junling , Yang Rongchang , Ma Renle 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis paper proposes a technique of generating turbulent wind velocities on large horizontal‐axis wind turbine systems under different operating conditions. The rotational sampling effect, vertical wind shear and coherence between wind velocities at blades and on the tower were taken into account. Coordinate system of wind time series at certain discrete sampling points on the vertical plane of the wind turbine is generated by the hybrid weighted amplitude wave superposition and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) methods. The POD eigenmodes on the blades after updating locations were calculated subsequently using B‐spline surface interpolation method, and the rotationally sampled wind velocities are reconstructed by taking advantage of POD method again. Examples are subsequently presented to validate this proposed technique and demonstrate the generation of wind velocities under different operating conditions. The results show that the simulated spectrum of turbulent wind velocities at blades corresponds well to the measured data and that on the tower agrees well with the fixed point Kaimal spectrum. The reasonable sampling points spacing is suggested to be about 10 m for the wind field simulation of wind turbine system. The proposed method is of great advantage in accuracy and efficiency, which is greatly significant for the fine analysis of multi‐megawatt wind turbines. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bis(2‐cycloazylindolyl)titanium Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and the Catalytic Behaviors towards Hydroamination and Ring‐opening Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactone
Authors: Zhao Jing‐Jing , Pei Hao , Chen Yan‐Mei , Lu Ning , Liu Jin‐Na , Hu Jin‐Fa , Liu Wei , Li Wu , Li Yahong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe ligands 2‐pyrazol‐1‐yl‐1H‐indole (HL1) and 2‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl‐1H‐indole (HL2) individually reacted with Ti(NMe2)4 in tetrahydrofuran to form the corresponding complexes Ti(L1)2(NMe2)2 (1) and Ti(L2)2(NMe2)2 (2), respectively. The titanium complexes were fully characterized by NMR measurement and elemental analysis as well as the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction of 1 and 2. Both 1 and 2 exhibit high activities towards intermolecular hydroamination of terminal alkynes with high selectivity, and they also efficiently promote the ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Electron‐Rich Cyano‐Rhodate Ba3[Rh(CN)3]
Authors: Jach Franziska , Höhn Peter , Prots Yurii , Ruck Michael 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBrownish gray microcrystalline powders of Ba3[Rh(CN)3] were synthesized from pellets of mixtures of Ba2N, rhodium, NaCN, and graphite at 1070 K in an argon atmosphere. Synchrotron powder diffraction data at 293(1) K revealed the crystal structure of the compound [P63/m, a = 9.23266(7) Å, c = 5.81612(6) Å] is isostructural to Ba3[Co(CN)3] and Ba3[Ir(CN)3]. The trigonal‐planar complex [Rh(CN)3]6– is surrounded by nine Ba2+ cations forming a tri‐capped trigonal prism. Compared to typical cyano ligands, the C–N bond is long [1.21(5) Å] and the vibrational frequencies are low (IR 1674 cm–1, Raman 1728 cm–1).
Engineering microaerobic metabolism of E. coli for 1,2-propanediol production
Authors: Jain Rachit , Huang Jin , Yuan Qipeng , Yan Yajun 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Establishment of novel metabolic pathways for biosynthesis of chemicals, fuels and pharmaceuticals has been demonstrated in Escherichia coli due to its ease of genetic manipulation and adaptability to varying oxygen levels. E. coli growing under microaerobic condition is known to exhibit features of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. In this work, we attempt to engineer this metabolism for production of 1,2-propanediol. We first redirect the carbon flux by disrupting carbon-competing pathways to increase the production of 1,2-propanediol microaerobically from 0.25 to 0.85 g/L. We then disrupt the first committed step of E. coli’s ubiquinone biosynthesis pathway (ubiC) to prevent the oxidation of NADH in microaerobic conditions. Coupling this strategy with carbon flux redirection leads to enhanced production of 1,2-propanediol at 1.2 g/L. This work demonstrates the production of non-native reduced chemicals in E. coli by engineering its microaerobic metabolism.
Stabilization of single speciesSynechocystisbiofilms by cultivation under segmented flow
Authors: David Christian , Bühler Katja , Schmid Andreas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe application of segmented flow on a Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 biofilm prevented excessive biomass formation and clogging by fundamentally changing the structure of the microbial community. It was possible to continuously operate a capillary microreactor for 5 weeks, before the experiment was actively terminated. The biofilm developed up to a thickness of 70–120 µm. Surprisingly, the biofilm stopped growing at this thickness and stayed constant without any detachment events occurring afterwards. The substrates CO2 and light were supplied in a counter-current fashion. Confocal microscopy revealed a throughout photosynthetically active biofilm, indicated by the red fluorescence of photo pigments. This control concept and biofilm reaction setup may enable continuous light driven synthesis of value added compounds in future.
Electron flux and microbial community in microbial fuel cells (open-circuit and closed-circuit modes) and fermentation
Authors: Yu Jaecheul , Park Youghyun , Lee Taeho 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A closed-circuit microbial fuel cell (C-MFC) was operated to investigate the electron flux under fed-batch mode, and the results were compared to those of open-circuit MFC (O-MFC) and a fermentation reactor (F-reactor). The current was the largest electron sink (52.7 % of influent SCOD) in C-MFC, whereas biomass and methane gas were the most significant electron sinks in O-MFC and F-reactor. Interestingly, some of the unknown sink may have accumulated in the electrode of O-MFC. Principal component analysis based on gradient gel electrophoresis profiles showed that the microbial communities were significantly affected by the growth conditions and the presence of electrode, regardless of the circuit connection. Therefore, the electrode and circuit mode might help to control the amount of biomass and enhance the MFC performance.
Potential benefits of student- and junior doctor-led textbooks
Authors: Qureshi Zeshan U , Lattey Katherine , Bryne Patrick , Rodrigues Mark , Ross Michael , Maxwell Simon 
Published: May 2015

Introduction Medical textbooks are an important teaching supplement. Few have junior doctors or medical students (‘juniors’) as primary contributors. However, the strengths of junior-led face-to-face teaching are now well-established, and we hypothesized that similar advantages would be transferrable to a textbook setting.
Methods Juniors were approached to contribute to an independently published medical textbook, with senior clinicians recruited in parallel to ensure factual accuracy. Juniors directed every aspect of textbook writing and the production process. The published book stressed that it was an open collaboration with readers, inviting them to get in touch to evaluate the text and suggest ideas for new titles.
Results Of 75 respondents, 93 % awarded the first textbook in the series 4 or 5 out of 5 for overall quality. Five other titles have been released, with seven more in development. Over 100 juniors are currently involved, with two students progressing from reviewers to editors after less than a year of mentorship.
Conclusion Juniors can be a motivated, dynamic, innovative group, capable of significant contributions to the medical textbook literature. This initiative has generated a sustainable infrastructure to facilitate junior-led publishing, and has the capacity for expansion to accommodate new initiatives and ideas.
Communication in legislative bargaining
Authors: Baranski Andrzej , Kagel John H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe investigate the Baron-Ferejohn (The American Political Science Review 83(4): 1181–1206, 1989) model of legislative bargaining with cheap talk between the designated proposer and potential coalition partners. Communication results in substantially increased proposer power close to the stationary subgame perfect equilibrium prediction. This is achieved primarily through voters competing with each other to get the proposer to include them in the winning coalition, while arguing for a zero allocation for redundant voters. Voters typically follow through on their stated reservation shares, but proposers often fail to partner with voters making excessively low offers, as these are more likely to be reneged on.
Expulsion of Nova‐T380, Multiload 375, and Copper‐T380A contraceptive devices inserted during cesarean delivery
Authors: Ragab Ahmed , Hamed Hossam O. , Alsammani Mohamed A. , Shalaby Hend , Nabeil Hanan , Barakat Rafik , Fetih Ahmed N. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the expulsion rate of Nova‐T380, Multiload 375, and Copper‐T380A intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) inserted during cesarean delivery.MethodsA comparative randomized study was conducted between January 1, 2013, and June 30, 2014, in three maternity centers in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. All women scheduled for an elective cesarean and accepting intraoperative insertion of an IUCD were randomly allocated to receive the Nova‐T380 (group 1), Multiload 375 (group 2), or Cu‐T380A (group 3) using a computer‐generated table. Researchers and participants were not masked to the type of IUCD. Follow‐up was for 1 year. The primary outcome was IUCD expulsion (complete or partial [i.e. displacement]).ResultsEach group contained 40 participants. At 1 year, expulsion had been reported for 5 (13%) women in group 1, 2 (5%) in group 2, and 6 (15%) in group 3 (P > 0.05 for all). The frequency of displacement was significantly lower in group 2 (5 [13%] participants) than in group 1 (15 [38%]; P = 0.001) and group 3 (14 [35%]; P = 0.008).ConclusionDespite a comparable risk of expulsion following IUCD insertion during cesarean delivery, the Multiload 375 device showed the lowest risk of displacement.
Risks of nonadherence to hormone therapy in Asian women with breast cancer
Authors: Hsieh Kun‐Pin , Chen Li‐Chia , Cheung Kwok‐Leung , Yang Yi‐Hsin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to quantify the hormone therapy (HT) nonadherence patterns and to assess the associated risk factors in Asian women with breast cancer. This retrospective cohort study used the Taiwan Health Insurance Research Database from 2003 to 2011. Data from women with newly diagnosed primary breast cancer were identified, and persistence (without HT prescribing gap ≥ 180 days) to HT was defined through records of dispensing prescriptions. Study cohorts were further classified as adjuvant and primary HT groups. Each individual's HT utilization patterns and the medication possession ratio at overall HT course were measured. The odds ratios (ORs) of nonadherence (medication possession ratio, <80%) in adjuvant and primary HT patients were estimated using logistic regressions with adjustment of potential confounding variables. These patients had 15.6% and 23.4% nonadherence rates to HT in adjuvant and primary HT groups, respectively. In the adjuvant HT group, older age groups (≥50 years) and taking aromatase inhibitors were less likely to show nonadherence (p < 0.05). In the primary HT group, women older than 70 years were significantly less likely to exhibit nonadherence (OR = 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.28–0.99); however, women with presence of HT‐related adverse events had significantly increased risk (OR = 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–2.03). Young age and experience of musculoskeletal and joint symptoms were identified as risk factors for nonadherence.
Trematode diversity in the freshwater snail Bithyniasiamensisgoniomphalos sensu lato from Thailand and Lao PDR
Authors: Kiatsopit N. , Sithithaworn P. , Kopolrat K. , Namsanor J. , Andrews R.H. , Petney T.N. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of trematode diversity in Bithyniasiamensis goniomphalos sensu lato, the first intermediate host of the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini s.l., the prevalence of larval trematode species was investigated in different localities in Thailand and Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). In Thailand, snail samples were collected from 29 localities in the nine provinces: Buri Ram, Surin, Chaiya Phum, Maha Sarakham, Khon Kaen, Kalasin, Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon and Nakhon Phanom. In Lao PDR, snail samples were collected from 21 localities in Vientiane Province and six localities in Savannakhet Province. Snails were identified by standard morphological criteria and then examined for trematode infection using the cercarial shedding method. Twenty different types of cercariae were detected and identified, based on morphological criteria. Virgulate type 1 emerged as the most common cercaria, with an average prevalence of 10.90% (range 0.26–54.22%) in Thailand and 6.58% (range 1.15–89.77%) in Lao PDR. Opisthorchis viverrini s.l. cercariae were the fourth most common in Thailand, with an average prevalence of 1.59% (0.15–6.93), while in Lao PDR their prevalence was 0.96% (0.08–8.37). The high diversity of trematode cercariae observed in this study indicates that B. s. goniomphalos s.l. is highly susceptible to infection with a variety of trematode species. However, the role of non-opisthorchiid trematodes as fish-borne parasites in human health is not fully known and further molecular identification is required.
Sensitive periods in human social development: New insights from research on oxytocin, synchrony, and high-risk parenting
Authors: Feldman Ruth 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSensitive periods (SP) in behavioral development appeared in the biological sciences during the first decade of the 20th century, and research in animal models beginning in the 1950s provide terminology and evidence for SP effects. This paper proposes a rigorous program for human SP research and argues that the complexity of the human brain and variability of the human ecology necessitate that SP effects must be studied in humans, employ longitudinal designs starting at birth, test mechanism-based hypotheses based on animal studies that manipulate early environments, and utilize high-risk conditions as “natural experiments.” In light of research on the molecular basis of critical periods and their sequential cascades, it is proposed that the oxytocin (OT) system, an ancient and integrative system that cross-talks with the stress, reward, immune, and brain stem mediated homeostatic systems and supports mammalian sociality, plays a unique role in experience-dependent plasticity that buttresses SP effects due to its (a) dendritic mode of release leading to autoregulated functioning primed by early experience, (b) pulsatile pattern of activity, and (c) special role in neural plasticity at the molecular and network assembly levels. Synchrony, the coordination of biology and behavior during social contact, is suggested as a mechanism by which SP exert their effect on OT functionality, the social brain, and adult sociality. Findings from four high-risk birth cohorts, each followed repeatedly from birth to 10 years, provide unique “natural experiments” for human SP research based on specific programs in animal models. These include prematurity (maternal proximity), multiple birth (peer rearing), postpartum depression (low licking and grooming), and chronic unpredictable trauma (maternal rotation, variable foraging demands). In each cohort, hypotheses are based on the missing environmental component during SP, and findings on social synchrony, OT functionality, stress response, emotion regulation, and mental health accord with the multilevel and dynamic principles of developmental psychopathology. The results on the potential for reparation versus chronicity following early deprivation highlight a flexible conceptualization of resilience based on human SP research. Consideration of SP effects at the molecular, endocrine, brain, and behavioral levels and in relation to the neural plasticity and multifinality of human social functions may assist in fine-tuning early detection and the construction of targeted individualized interventions.
Exposure to early adversity: Points of cross-species translation that can lead to improved understanding of depression
Authors: Andersen Susan L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe relationship between developmental exposure to adversity and affective disorders is reviewed. Adversity discussed herein includes physical and sexual abuse, neglect, or loss of a caregiver in humans. While these stressors can occur at any point during development, the unique temporal relationship to specific depressive symptoms was the focus of discussion. Further influences of stress exposure during sensitive periods can vary by gender and duration of abuse as well. Data from animal studies are presented to provide greater translational and causal understanding of how sensitive periods, different types of psychosocial stressors, and sex interact to produce depressive-like behaviors. Findings from maternal separation, isolation rearing, chronic variable stress, and peer–peer rearing paradigms clarify interpretation about how various depressive behaviors are influenced by age of exposure. Depressive behaviors are broken down into the following categories: mood and affect, anhedonia, energy, working memory, sleep–wake, appetite changes, suicide, and general malaise. Cross-species evidence from humans, nonhuman primates, rats, and mice within each of these categories is discussed. In conclusion, sensitive periods for affective-related behaviors (anxiety, mood, and controllability) occur earlier in life, while other aspects of depression are associated with adversity later during adolescence.
The theory of latent vulnerability: Reconceptualizing the link between childhood maltreatment and psychiatric disorder
Authors: McCrory Eamon J. , Viding Essi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMaltreatment in childhood is associated with a significantly increased likelihood of psychiatric disorder that endures across the life span. If disorders emerge they tend to be more severe and less responsive to treatment. We introduce the concept of latent vulnerability as a way of conceptualizing the nature of this psychiatric risk. We argue that vulnerability to mental health problems can be understood as changes in a suite of neurocognitive systems that reflect adaptation or altered calibration to early neglectful or maltreating environments. Altered threat processing is presented as one exemplar candidate system. Heightened neurocognitive vigilance to threat is argued to reflect a calibration to an early at-risk environment that becomes maladaptive (and instantiates vulnerability) in the longer term. Other neurocognitive domains, including reward and memory processing, represent equally promising candidates for indexing latent vulnerability and warrant future enquiry. We suggest that the operationalization of latent vulnerability has the potential to guide a preventative psychiatry approach. Intervention currently occurs at two stages when maltreatment is confirmed: first, by addressing issues of risk; and second, by providing clinical intervention if a child meets criteria for psychiatric disorder. We argue that indexing latent vulnerability represents a third intervention opportunity, with the potential to target an indicated prevention approach for the most vulnerable children, offsetting risk trajectories before psychiatric disorders emerge.