bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic exploration of Ziziphus species collection and gene identification influencing physiological traits using genotype‐by‐sequencing technology
Authors: Uddin Nisar , Shinde Harshraj , Ali Niaz , Zhang Qiongfang , Ullah Riaz , Iqbal Zafar , Zhu Daochen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Ziziphus genus, belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, holds significant economic, nutritional, and medicinal value. However, much remains to be discovered about its diversity and physical characteristics. Factors such as growth, resilience to changes, disease resistance, and unique features contribute to the quality of Ziziphus species. This study aims to investigate the genomes of 200 genotypes from five Ziziphus species: Ziziphus jujuba (Zj), Ziziphus nummularia (Zm), Ziziphus oxyphylla (Zx), Ziziphus mauritiana (Zm), and the cultivated variety Ziziphus jujube var. jujube, collected from Pakistan and China. Our goal is to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with eight different traits and understand the genetic diversity within the selected Ziziphus species and their genotypes. Using high‐quality SNPs obtained through genotype‐by‐sequencing (GBS), we conducted population structure, phylogenetic, and principal coordinates analyses, identifying a total of 10,945 clean SNPs. These genotypes were categorized into two groups, A and B. Natural Ziziphus variants in Pakistan, specifically Z. jujuba and Z. nummularia, exhibited high levels of genetic diversity and polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.46 and 0.41, respectively, compared to other species. Furthermore, we identified 15 influential candidate genes that play crucial roles in regulating agronomic traits, such as fruit width and diameter, leaf width, plant height, and stem diameter within this group. This study provides valuable insights that can be utilized in Ziziphus breeding efforts.
How Humans Run Faster: The Neuromechanical Contributions of Functional Muscle Groups to Running at Different Speeds
Authors: Willer Jasmin , Allen Sam J. , Burden Richard J. , Folland Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTHow the neuromechanics of the lower limb functional muscle groups change with running speed remains to be fully elucidated, with implications for our understanding of human locomotion, conditioning, and injury prevention. This study compared the neuromechanics (ground reaction and joint kinetics, kinematics and muscle activity) of middle‐distance athletes running on an instrumented treadmill at six wide‐ranging speeds (2.78–8.33 m·s−1). Ground reaction forces and kinematics were analyzed using inverse dynamics to calculate flexor and extensor joint torques, and positive and negative work done by these torques. Contributions of each functional muscle group to the total positive and negative work done by the limb during stance, swing, and the whole stride were quantified. During stance, the ankle plantar flexors were the major energy generator and absorber (>60%) at all speeds, but their contribution to whole stride energy generation and absorption declined with speed. Positive work by the hip extensors rose superlinearly with speed during stance (3‐fold) and especially during swing (12‐fold), becoming the biggest energy generator across the whole stride at >5 m·s−1. Knee flexor and extensor negative work also rose superlinearly with speed during swing, with the knee flexors becoming the greatest energy absorber over the whole stride at >7.22 m·s−1. Across speeds, plantar flexor peak moment and positive work accounted for 97% and 96% of the variance in step length, and swing hip extension peak moment and positive work accounted for 98% and 99% of the variance in step frequency. There were pronounced speed, phase (stance/swing), and work (positive/negative) dependent contributions of the different functional muscle groups during running, with extensive implications for conditioning and injury prevention.
LATA1, a RING E3 ligase, modulates the tiller angle by affecting auxin asymmetric distribution and content in rice
Authors: Fan Jinjian , Ma Xin , Zou Jun , Li Shuangzhe , Liu Yuntao , Guo Daokuan , Jiang Wanxia , Li Xianyi , Liu Fengxia , Tan Lubin 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYThe tiller angle is an important agronomic trait that determines plant architecture and grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, the molecular regulation mechanism of the rice tiller angle remains unclear. Here, we identified a rice tiller angle gene, LARGE TILLER ANGLE 1 (LATA1), using the MutMap approach. LATA1 encodes a C3H2C3‐type RING zinc finger E3 ligase and the conserved region of the RING zinc finger is essential for its E3 activity. LATA1 was highly expressed in the root and tiller base and LATA1‐GFP fusion protein was specifically localized to the nucleus. The mutation of LATA1 significantly reduced indole‐3‐acetic acid content and attenuated lateral auxin transport, thereby resulting in defective shoot gravitropism and spreading plant architecture in rice. Further investigations found that LATA1 may indirectly affect gravity perception by modulating the sedimentation rate of gravity‐sensing amyloplasts upon gravistimulation. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the rice tiller angle and new genetic resource for the improvement of plant architecture in rice.
Microalgae as a multibenefit natural solution for the wastewater industry: A UK pilot‐scale study
Authors: Ekins‐Coward Thea , Ho Francesca Mei , Whittle Ivor , Viñuela Ruth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCommercialization of microalgae for wastewater treatment (WWT) is limited due to the large footprints and long hydraulic retention times (HRT) of standard systems, making integration into wastewater (WW) grey infrastructure unfeasible. Industrial Phycology Ltd has developed a process that manipulates the metabolic plasticity of microalgae for WWT. Initial batch trials in a 27 m3 demonstration plant treating municipal tertiary WW achieved a final effluent of 0.27 ± 0.2 mg/L and 0.009 ± 0.003 mg/L phosphate and ammonium, respectively, in 12 h HRT. A continuous flow‐through system was retrofitted onto a small rural WWT site owned by South West Water for tertiary treatment. Phosphate and emerging contaminants (ECs) were monitored over 12 months at an average flow of 1.5–2.2 m3/h. Consistent phosphate removal was observed with a reduction in ECs within a HRT of 16.5 h. This demonstrates that the microalgae process can retrofitted as a green infrastructure option, delivering benefits vital to sustainable development.
Characterization and Biological Activity of Silver Nanoparticles from (Rhizophora Mucronata) Mangrove Extract
Authors: Pauline C. R. , Akshita  , Pavithra T. , Kannan Kamala , Sivaperumal Pitchiah 
Published: July 2024

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized from a crude leaf extract of Rhizophora mucronata. The initial phytochemical analysis of the sample revealed the presence of tannins, steroids, terpenoids, saponins and flavonoids which contribute to the reduction and stabilization of silver ions during the synthesis process. Characterization techniques, including FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM and EDS, confirmed the successful synthesis of AgNPs with distinctive properties. The UV–Vis spectra exhibited an absorption peak around 420 nm, characteristic of AgNPs. SEM images revealed the crystal nature of the nanoparticles, indicating structural stability. The agar well-diffusion method was employed to determine the zone of inhibition against different pathogens. The leaf extract demonstrated the highest antibacterial potential, with substantial zones of inhibition observed against all tested pathogens. The potent anti-inflammatory activity showed the minimum and maximum inhibition of protein denaturation at concentration of 25[Formula: see text]g/mL and 100[Formula: see text]g/mL are 28% and 69%, respectively. The silver nanoparticles demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting protein denaturation, suggesting their potential therapeutic applications. The mangrove R. mucronata leaf extract decided to be a favorable reducing agent for the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles with potent antimicrobial activity.
Mapping-Guided Ablation for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation (MAP-AF): A Multicenter, Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Takahashi Yoshihide , Kobori Atsushi , Hiroshima Kenichi , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Kimura Masaomi , Inaba Osamu , Tanimoto Kojiro , Hanazawa Ryoichi , Hirakawa Akihiro , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
The clinical outcome of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) is suboptimal. Mapping studies have demonstrated atrial sites outside of the pulmonary veins displaying focal activation patterns during AF. We sought to determine whether adding catheter ablation of focal activation sites to PVI improves clinical outcomes of catheter ablation for persistent AF.

METHODS:
In this multicenter, randomized, single-blinded trial, we assigned patients with persistent AF to either PVI alone or to mapping-guided ablation of focal activation sites in addition to PVI in a 1:1 ratio. In the mapping-guided group, both atria were mapped after PVI using a Pentaray catheter (Biosense-Webster) and focal activation sites identified by CARTOFINDER (Biosense-Webster) were ablated. The primary end point was freedom from AF or atrial tachycardia without antiarrhythmic drugs beyond a 90-day blanking period.

RESULTS:

A total of 98 patients were assigned to the mapping-guided group and 102 to the PVI alone group. In the mapping-guided group, focal activation sites were identified at 2.6±0.3 and 2.5±0.2 sites per patient in the left and right atrium, respectively. Patients were followed up for 768.5 (interquartile range, 723.75–915.75) and 755.5 days (interquartile range, 728.5–913.75) in the mapping-guided ablation and the PVI alone groups, respectively. Freedom from AF/atrial tachycardia without antiarrhythmic drugs at 2-year follow-up was 66.8% and 75.2% in the mapping-guided ablation and the PVI alone groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 0.76–2.10];
P
=0.37). Adverse events occurred in 3 patients (3.0%) and none (0%) in the mapping-guided ablation and the PVI alone groups, respectively (
P
=0.12).

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with persistent AF, the addition of mapping-guided ablation of focal activation sites to PVI did not improve clinical outcomes compared with PVI alone.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/index.cgi?function=02
; Unique identifier: UMIN000037569.
Identifying the Mechanisms of a Peripherally Limited Exercise Phenotype in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Skow Rachel J. , Sarma Satyam , MacNamara James P. , Bartlett Miles F. , Wakeham Denis J. , Martin Zachary T. , Samels Mitchel , Nandadeva Damsara , Brazile Tiffany L. , Ren Jimin , Fu Qi , Babb Tony G. , Balmain Bryce N. , Nelson Michael D. , Hynan Linda S. , Levine Benjamin D. , Fadel Paul J. , Haykowsky Mark J. , Hearon Christopher M. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
We identified peripherally limited patients using cardiopulmonary exercise testing and measured skeletal muscle oxygen transport and utilization during invasive single leg exercise testing to identify the mechanisms of the peripheral limitation.

METHODS:

Forty-five patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (70±7 years, 27 females) completed seated upright cardiopulmonary exercise testing and were defined as having a (1) peripheral limitation to exercise if cardiac output/oxygen consumption (VO
2
) was elevated (≥6) or 5 to 6 with a stroke volume reserve >50% (n=31) or (2) a central limitation to exercise if cardiac output/VO
2
slope was ≤5 or 5 to 6 with stroke volume reserve <50% (n=14). Single leg knee extension exercise was used to quantify peak leg blood flow (Doppler ultrasound), arterial-to-venous oxygen content difference (femoral venous catheter), leg VO
2
, and muscle oxygen diffusive conductance. In a subset of participants (n=36), phosphocreatine recovery time was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine skeletal muscle oxidative capacity.

RESULTS:

Peak VO
2
during cardiopulmonary exercise testing was not different between groups (central: 13.9±5.7 versus peripheral: 12.0±3.1 mL/min per kg;
P
=0.135); however, the peripheral group had a lower peak arterial-to-venous oxygen content difference (central: 13.5±2.0 versus peripheral: 11.1±1.6 mLO
2
/dL blood;
P
<0.001). During single leg knee extension, there was no difference in peak leg VO
2
(
P
=0.306), but the peripherally limited group had greater blood flow/VO
2
ratio (
P
=0.024), lower arterial-to-venous oxygen content difference (central: 12.3±2.5 versus peripheral: 10.3±2.2 mLO
2
/dL blood;
P
=0.013), and lower muscle oxygen diffusive conductance (
P
=0.021). A difference in magnetic resonance spectroscopy–derived phosphocreatine recovery time was not detected (
P
=0.199).

CONCLUSIONS:

Peripherally limited patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction identified by cardiopulmonary exercise testing have impairments in oxygen transport and utilization at the level of the skeletal muscle quantified by invasive knee extension exercise testing, which includes an increased blood flow/V̇O
2
ratio and poor muscle diffusive capacity.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04068844.
Long-Term Outcomes Following Sirolimus-Coated Balloon or Drug-Eluting Stents for Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Wańha Wojciech , Iwańczyk Sylwia , Januszek Rafał , Wolny Rafał , Tomasiewicz Brunon , Kuliczkowski Wiktor , Reczuch Krzysztof , Pawlus Paweł , Pawłowski Tomasz Z. , Kuźma Łukasz , Kubler Piotr , Niezgoda Piotr , Kubica Jacek , Gil Robert J. , Pawłowski Tomasz F. , Gąsior Mariusz , Jaguszewski Miłosz , Wybraniec Maciej , Witkowski Adam , Kowalewski Mariusz , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Greco Antonio , Bartuś Stanisław , Lesiak Maciej , Grygier Marek , Wojakowski Wojciech , Cortese Bernardo 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Evidence suggests that drug-coated balloons may benefit in-stent restenosis (ISR) treatment. However, the efficacy of new-generation sirolimus-coated balloon (SCB) compared with the latest generation drug-eluting stents (DESs) has not been studied in this setting.

METHODS:
All patients in the EASTBORNE (The All-Comers Sirolimus-Coated Balloon European Registry) and DEB-DRAGON (DEB vs Thin-DES in DES-ISR: Long Term Outcomes) registries undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for DES-ISR were included in the study. The primary study end point was target lesion revascularization at 24 months. Secondary end points were major adverse cardiovascular events, all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization at 24 months. Our goal was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SCB versus thin-struts DES in ISR at long-term follow-up.

RESULTS:

A total of 1545 patients with 1679 ISR lesions were included in the pooled analysis, of whom 621 (40.2%) patients with 621 lesions were treated with thin-strut DES and 924 (59.8%) patients with 1045 lesions were treated with SCB. The unmatched cohort showed no differences in the incidence of target lesion revascularization (10.8% versus 11.8%;
P
=0.568); however, there was a trend toward lower rates of myocardial infarction (7.4% versus 5.0%;
P
=0.062) and major adverse cardiovascular events (20.8% versus 17.1%;
P
=0.072) in the SCB group. After propensity score matching (n=335 patients per group), there were no significant differences in the rates of target lesion revascularization (11.6% versus 11.8%;
P
=0.329), target vessel revascularization (14.0% versus 13.1%;
P
=0.822), myocardial infarction (7.2% versus 4.5%;
P
=0.186), all-cause death (5.7% versus 4.2%;
P
=0.476), and major adverse cardiovascular event (21.5% versus 17.6%;
P
=0.242) between DES and SCB treatment.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with ISR, angioplasty with SCB compared with thin-struts DES is associated with comparable rates of target lesion revascularization, target vessel revascularization, myocardial infarction, all-cause death, and major adverse cardiovascular events at 2 years.
Evaluating Ensemble Predictions of South Asian Monsoon Low Pressure System Genesis
Authors: Suhas D. L. , Boos William R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Synoptic-scale vortices known as monsoon low pressure systems (LPSs) frequently produce intense precipitation and hydrological disasters in South Asia, so accurately forecasting LPS genesis is crucial for improving disaster preparedness and response. However, the accuracy of LPS genesis forecasts by numerical weather prediction models has remained unknown. Here, we evaluate the performance of two global ensemble models—the U.S. Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) and the Ensemble Prediction System of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)—in predicting LPS genesis during the years 2021–22. The GEFS successfully predicted about half the observed LPS genesis events 1–2 days in advance; the ECMWF model captured an additional 10% of observed genesis events. Both models had a false alarm ratio (FAR) of around 50% for 1–2-day lead times. In both ensembles, the control run typically exhibited a higher probability of detection (POD) of observed events and a lower FAR compared to the perturbed ensemble members. However, a consensus forecast, in which genesis is predicted when at least 20% of ensemble members forecast LPS formation, had POD values surpassing those of the control run for all lead times. Moreover, probabilistic predictions of genesis over the Bay of Bengal, where most LPSs form, were skillful, with the fraction of ensemble members predicting LPS formation over a 5-day lead time approximating the observed frequency of genesis, without any adjustment or bias correction.
Understanding school-based counselling services in complex systems: Developing a whole system approach
Authors: Hewitt Gillian , Copeland Lauren , Murphy Simon , Jones Siôn , Edwards Amy , Evans Rhiannon 
Published: July 2024

Objectives: Community sites, including schools, are important settings for interventions to promote children and young people’s mental health and wellbeing. A central provision to support mental health in the UK is school- and community-based counselling services. However, the evidence-base for school counselling services is limited by weak evaluation designs, lack of understanding of different counselling approaches in use, and a failure to conceptualise counselling services as part of a wider complex system. To address the last point, this article takes a complex system-focused perspective to explore how a ‘system disruption’, that is counselling service implementation, can be optimised in the Welsh education system. Design: The approach used in this study is a mixed-method qualitative design. Setting: Participants were recruited from school and community settings. They included children and young people, parents, carers, school staff, counsellors and stakeholders from health and education. Method: Consultations, key system stakeholder interviews and school case studies were conducted. All stakeholders were asked about their experiences of local authority-funded school- and community-based counselling services in Wales. Interview and consultation data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: Data converged into three main themes focusing on the specifics of counselling sessions, counselling services as part of universal mental health provision and a whole education system approach. These three themes are brought together into a complex systems-focused model of an optimised school- and community-based counselling service. Conclusion: The model offers an opportunity to address issues with current counselling services in Wales and improve outcomes and sustainability by increasing the likelihood they will become embedded in the whole education system.
Influence of post-migration living difficulties on mental health among refugees and asylum seekers: A scoping-review on clinical tools
Authors: Santambrogio Jacopo , Cimminiello Noemi , Wisidagamage Don Prasad , Leon Elisabetta , Miragliotta Elena , Capuzzi Enrico , Colmegna Fabrizia , Clerici Massimo 
Published: July 2024

Background: The literature indicates an increasing interest in the mental health of refugees (R) and asylum seekers (AS) – particularly how it could be affected by previous exposure to trauma and violence – but less has been written about the issues they are forced to face during the post-migration period and how these also can affect mental health. Research shows that the mental health of R/AS is highly influenced by their post-migration conditions and may deteriorate due to post-migration social health-related determinants; in addition, a lack of language skills, discrimination, separation from family, poverty, and other stressors can contribute to social isolation. The difficulty in asking for help in case of psychological distress and, consequently, in accessing care, contributes to the worsening of their clinical condition. Aims: The primary purpose of this study is to identify and provide a review of the clinical tools used to screen migrants (R/AS) at risk of developing psychological distress, identifying post-migration difficulties. Methods: We searched studies in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane (Central), and Cinahl (ultimate) with the last search on 14 April 2023, using a combination of keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Results: Our systematic search identified 1,878 records. After removing duplicates, we screened 1,238 records by title and abstract, retaining 97 for full text review. Of these, 68 met full eligibility criteria (1995–2023). A total of 30 social scales have been identified, as well as structured or semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. Translated into multiple languages, the tools can be self-administered or administered by trained professionals. PMLD is known for its effectiveness in evaluating the post-migration period and predicting mental health issues. Conclusions: Considering the limited number of studies and, consequently, the limited number of tools found, it can be inferred that not enough attention is given to post-migration in the broader sense.