bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dried blood spot analysis of (+) and (−) darunavir enantiomers on immobilized amylose tris‐(3, 5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) LC and its application to pharmacokinetics
Authors: Ramisetti Nageswara Rao , Arnipalli Manikanta Swamy , Nimmu Narendra Varma 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDried blood spot analysis is an innovative novel blood sampling technique gaining interest in drug discovery and development processes owing to its inherent advantages over the conventional whole blood, plasma or serum sample collection. The present manuscript describes the development and validation of a highly sensitive and precise method of evaluation of pharmacokinetics of (+) and (−) darunavir enantiomers on rat dried blood spots. The enantiomers on rat dried blood spots were extracted into methanol and separated by LC on a Chiralpak IA column using hexane and ethanol containing 0.1% DEA (75:25, v/v) as a mobile phase at 20°C; both the enantiomers were detected at 266 nm using a photodiode array detector. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and stability as per the US Food and Drug and Administration guidelines. The hematocrit effect on extraction recovery was evaluated and the mean recoveries of (−) and (+) enantiomers of darunavir from dried blood spots were found to be 85.76 and 88.91% respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy were 3.1–8.4 and 0.8–4.8% respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of (+) and (−) enantiomers of darunavir on rat dried blood spots. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Caledonia: A ‘Hot Spot’ for Valuable Chemodiversity. Part 1: Gymnosperms
Authors: Coulerie Paul , Poullain Cyril 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe flora of New Caledonia encompasses more than 3,000 species and almost 80% of them are endemic. New Caledonia is considered as a ‘hot spot’ for biodiversity. With the current global loss of biodiversity, and the fact that several drugs and pesticides are becoming obsolete, there is an urgent need to increase sampling and research on new natural products. In this context, we review the chemical information available on New Caledonian native flora from economical perspectives. We expect that a better knowledge of the economic potential will encourage the plantation of native plants for the development of a sustainable economy which will participate in the conservation of biodiversity. In the first part of this review, we discuss the results reported in 18 scientific articles on the chemicals isolated from 23 endemic conifers of New Caledonia. Several bioactive and original products, such as neocallitropsene or libocedrins, have been isolated from these conifers. This review also highlights several groups, such as Podocarpus spp., that are unexplored in New Caledonia despite the fact that they have been described in other countries to contain a wide range of original bioactive compounds. Those plants are considered as priority for future chemical investigations.
Probing Metabolite Space of Escherichia coli via Growth Medium Composition as Monitored by Two‐Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kee Chae Young , Hyun Kim Seol , Seong Hyun Jin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAs for recombinant protein production, Escherichia coli is one of the most frequently employed hosts because it offers a simple and inexpensive, but rapid and high‐yield system in addition to the vast information on its molecular genetics and biology. However, due to its prokaryotic nature, it often fails to produce eukaryotic proteins in a desired form. To devise a systematic way leading to a condition that produces a large amount of usable proteins, we attempted to monitor intracellular metabolites under various conditions, and to link them to recombinant protein production. With such an intention, we identified 31 metabolites from cells grown in different media by using two‐dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy. Our results revealed that 1) the level of betaine was low, while that of glutamic acid was high when grown in minimal media; 2) the level of glycerol was constantly high in all cases; 3) the level of oxidized glutathione was lower in Luria broth (LB); and 4) the level of leucine was low in minimal media. We hope this work might shed light onto how to improve production of the target proteins by metabolite profiling.
New Isoprenylated Phenolic Compounds from Morus laevigata
Authors: Wang Meng , Yu Bang‐Wei , Yu Mei‐Hua , Gao Li‐Xin , Li Jing‐Ya , Wang He‐Yao , Li Jia , Hou Ai‐Jun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo new isoprenylated flavonoids, laevigasins A and B (1 and 2, resp.), and one new isoprenylated 2‐arylbenzofuran, leavigasin C (3), together with eight known compounds, 4–11, were isolated from the twigs of Morus laevigata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Laevigasin A (1) showed significant inhibitory effect on α‐glucosidase in vitro. Notabilisin E (5), taxifolin (10), and hultenin (11) inhibited PTP1B phosphatase activity in vitro.
Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of Biaryl Compounds
Authors: Ma Gaoyuan , Sibi Mukund P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBiaryl compounds with axial chirality are very common in synthetic chemistry, especially in catalysis. Axially chiral biaryls are important due to their biological activities and extensive applications in asymmetric catalysis. Thus the development of efficient enantioselective methods for their synthesis has attracted considerable attention. This Minireview discusses the progress made in catalytic kinetic resolution of biaryl compounds and chronicles significant advances made recently in catalytic kinetic resolution of biaryl scaffolds.
Modular Polyoxometalate‐Layered Double Hydroxide Composites as Efficient Oxidative Catalysts
Authors: Chen Yang , Yao Zhixiao , Miras Haralampos N. , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe exploitation of intercalation techniques in the field of two‐dimensional layered materials offers unique opportunities for controlling chemical reactions in confined spaces and developing nanocomposites with desired functionality. In this study, the exploitation of the novel and facile “one‐pot” anion‐exchange method for the functionalization of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is demonstrated. As a proof‐of‐concept, we demonstrate the intercalation of a series of polyoxometalate (POM) clusters, Na3[PW12O40]⋅15 H2O (Na3PW12), K6[P2W18O62]⋅14 H2O (K6P2W18), and Na9LaW10O36⋅32 H2O (Na9LaW10) into tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris)‐modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) under ambient conditions without the necessity of degassing CO2. Investigation of the resultant intercalated materials of Tris‐LDHs–PW12 (1), Tris‐LDH–P2W18 (2), and Tris‐LDH–LaW10 (3) for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RB) and crystal violet (CV) has been carried out, where Tris‐LDH–PW12 reveals the best performance in the presence of H2O2. Additionally, degradation of a mixture of RB, MB and CV by Tris‐LDH–PW12 follows the order of CV>MB>RB, which is directly related to the designed accessible area of the interlayer space. Also, the composite can be readily recycled and reused at least ten cycles without measurable decrease of activity.
Surface and Interface Engineering in Photocatalysis
Authors: Bai Song , Jiang Wenya , Li Zhengquan , Xiong Yujie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSurfaces and interfaces are two key parameters to maneuver the performance of photocatalytic materials, particularly for hybrid structures, in various reaction systems. In this Focus Review, we highlight the recent progress on surface and interface engineering toward designing highly efficient photocatalysts, and elucidate the fundamental principles behind the designs. We first introduce the roles of surfaces and interfaces in different models of charge kinetics—a key process determining the quantum efficiency of photocatalysis—followed by the definitions of surface and interface in basic photocatalytic architectural structures. We then outline the design rules and important parameters for surface and interface engineering, respectively. As an interplay effect, the relationships between surface and interface parameters in photocatalyst design are also presented. We further summarize the synthetic methods for surface and interface control. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for photocatalysis research in terms of surface and interface engineering.
Measurement of lymphocyte aggregation by flow cytometry–physiological implications in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Dezorella Nili , Kay Sigi , Baron Shoshana , Shapiro Mika , Porat Ziv , Deutsch Varda , Herishanu Yair , Katz Ben‐Zion 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundCellular aggregation is a physiological response of lymphocytes to various extracellular stimuli. Currently, lymphocytes aggregation is only evaluated qualitatively or by semiquantitative methods. In this study, we assessed the capacity of flow cytometry to measure lymphocytes aggregation in a quantitative, accurate, and reproducible manner, and examined the significance of aggregation responses in various lymphoproliferative diseases.MethodsExtracellular triggers such as anti‐CD19 antibodies or phorbol ester were utilized to induce lymphoid cells aggregation in a concentration dependent manner. Aggregation was quantified by flow cytometry based on the forward or side scatter (SSC), or by dark‐field SSC of aggregates measured by ImageStreamX. Accuracy, reproducibility, and limitations of the methodology were evaluated. Aggregation responses were measured in various types of lymphoproliferative diseases, and correlated with immunophenotyping and IGHV mutational status in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.ResultsLymphoid aggregates provoked by extracellular stimuli elevate the forward and SSC signals relatively to the number of cells in each event. Aggregation responses vary among different types of lymphoproliferative diseases. Moreover, elevated levels of CD19‐induced aggregation are associated with aberrant chronic lymphocytic leukemia characteristics, but not with IGHV mutational status of the diseaseConclusionsWe have demonstrated that flow cytometry can provide accurate and reproducible measurement of both primary as well as T and B cell lines aggregation in response to extracellular stimuli. The use of quantitative evaluation of activation driven or other cellular aggregation may provide an analytical tool to elucidate biochemical and molecular mechanisms associated with lymphoproliferative diseases. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Cx36 expression in the AII‐mediated rod pathway is activity dependent in the developing rabbit retina
Authors: Tu Hung‐Ya , Chiao Chuan‐Chin 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTGap junctions are composed of connexin 36 (Cx36) and play a critical role in the rod photoreceptor signaling pathways of the vertebrate retina. Despite the fact that their connection and modulation in various rod pathways have been extensively studied in adult animals, little is known about the contribution and regulation of gap junctions to the development of the AII amacrine cell (AC)‐mediated rod pathway. Using immunohistochemistry and microinjection, this study demonstrates a steady increase in relative Cx36 protein expression in both plexiform layers of the rabbit retina at around the time of eye opening. However, immediately after eye opening, most Cx36 immunoreactive AII ACs show no gap junction coupling pattern to neighboring cells and it is not until the third postnatal week that AII cells begin to exhibit an adult‐like tracer‐coupling pattern. Moreover, studies using dark‐rearing and AMPA receptor blockade during postnatal development both revealed that relative levels of Cx36 immunoreactivity in AII ACs were increased when neural activity was inhibited. Our findings suggest that Cx36 expression in the AII‐mediated rod pathway is activity dependent in the developing rabbit retina. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 473–486, 2016
Early weight gain in family‐based treatment predicts greater weight gain and remission at the end of treatment and remission at 12‐month follow‐up in adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Madden Sloane , Miskovic‐Wheatley Jane , Wallis Andrew , Kohn Michael , Hay Phillipa , Touyz Stephen 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo Identify whether early weight gain in family‐based treatment (FBT) predicted greater weight and remission at end of FBT and 12‐month follow‐up.MethodEighty‐two adolescents, with anorexia nervosa, participated in a randomized control trial comparing brief hospitalization for medical stabilization and hospitalization for weight restoration to 90% expected body weight (EBW) (1:1), followed by 20 sessions of FBT. Sixty‐nine completed trial protocol. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were conducted investigating whether early weight‐gain in FBT predicted outcomes at end of FBT and 12‐month follow‐up. Participants were analyzed according to their original randomization and as a combined set. Binary logistic regression was used to control for randomization arm effect in combined set analysis.ResultsWeight gain greater than 1.8 kg at FBT Session 4 predicted greater %EBW (99.18 SD = 6.93 vs. 92.79 SD = 7.74, p < .05) and remission at end of FBT (46% vs. 11%, p < .05) and at 12‐month follow‐up (64% vs. 36%, p = .05). Binary logistic regression confirmed weight gain greater than 1.8 kg predicted remission (p < .05) while treatment arm randomization did not add significantly to the model.DiscussionEarly weight gain has potential to distinguish likely responders in FBT from those who may need more intensive intervention to achieve remission offering the potential to improve outcomes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:919–922).
Patterns of weight‐control behavior among 15 year old girls
Authors: Balantekin Katherine N. , Birch Leann L. , Savage Jennifer S. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objectives were to identify and predict patterns of weight‐control behavior in 15 years old (yo) girls and to examine weight‐control group differences in energy intake.MethodParticipants included 166 girls assessed every 2 years (ys) from age 5 to 15. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of weight‐control behaviors. Antecedent variables (e.g., inhibitory control at 7 ys), and concurrent variables (e.g., BMI and dietary intake at 15 ys) were included as predictors. Assessments were a combination of survey, interview, and laboratory measures.ResultsLatent class analysis (LCA) identified four classes of weight‐control behaviors, nondieters (26%), and three dieting groups, namely lifestyle (16%), dieters (43%), and extreme dieters (17%). Levels of restraint, weight concerns, and dieting frequency increased across groups, from nondieters to extreme dieters. Body mass index (BMI) at 5 ys and inhibitory control at 7 ys predicted weight‐control group at 15 ys; for example, with every one point decrease in inhibitory control, girls were twice as likely to be extreme dieters than nondieters. Girls in the extreme dieters group were mostly classified as under‐reporters and had the lowest self‐reported intake, but ate significantly more in the laboratory.DiscussionAmong 15 yo girls, “dieting” includes a range of both healthy and unhealthy behaviors. Risk factors for membership in a weight‐control group are present as early as 5 ys. Patterns of intake in the laboratory support the view that lower reported energy intake by extreme dieters is likely due under‐reporting as an intent to decrease intake, not actual decreased intake. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:589–600)
Application of a multivariate approach for analyte focusing by micelle collapse‐micellar electrokinetic chromatography for analyzing sunscreen agents in cosmetics
Authors: Lin Yi‐Hui , Lu Chi‐Yu , Jiang Shiuh‐Jen , Hsiao Wen‐Yao , Cheng Hui‐Ling , Chen Yen‐Ling 
Published: June 2015

The operating parameters that affect the performance of the online preconcentration technique “analyte focusing by micelle collapse‐MEKC (AFMC‐MEKC)” were examined using a multivariate approach involving experimental design to determine the sunscreen agents in cosmetics. Compared to the single‐variable approach, the advantage of the multivariate approach was that many factors could be investigated simultaneously to obtain the best separation condition. A fractional factorial design was used to identify the fewest significant factors in the central composite design (cCD). The cCD was adopted for evaluating the location of the minimum or maximum response in this study. The influences of the experimental variables on the response were investigated by applying a chromatographic exponential function. The optimized condition and the relationship between the experimental variables were acquired using the JMP software. The ANOVA analysis indicated that the Tris pH value, SDS concentration, and ethanol percentage influenced the separation quality and significantly contributed to the model. The optimized condition of the running buffer was 10 mM Tris buffer (pH 9.5) containing 60 mM SDS, 7 mM γ‐CD, and 20% v/v ethanol. The sample was prepared in 100 mM Tris buffer (pH 9.0) containing 7.5 mM SDS and 20% v/v ethanol. The SDS concentration in the sample matrix was slightly greater than the CMC value that makes the micelle be easily collapsed and the analytes be accumulated in the capillary. In addition, sunscreen agents in cosmetics after 1000‐fold dilution were successfully determined by AFMC‐MEKC.
Mixed Oxides of Iron and Manganese as Potential Low‐Cost Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Combustion
Authors: Mungse Pallavi , Saravanan Govindachetty , Rayalu Sadhana , Labhsetwar Nitin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLow‐cost oxygen carriers with multicycle chemical looping combustion (CLC) performance and CO2 selectivity have been explored to realize a practical oxygen carrier to obtain sequestration‐ready CO2 from the combustion processes. The cubic structures of the pure mixed oxides of Fe and Mn (Fe3Mn3O8 and FeMnO3; Fe–Mn–O) were prepared successfully as oxygen carriers through a coprecipitation method. The Fe–Mn–O systems showed 100 % CH4 combustion performance in the absence of air or oxygen. MnO and Fe3O4 are the reduced products of the Fe–Mn–O systems after the CH4 combustion reaction. The regeneration of the Fe–Mn–O phase was achieved readily by reoxidation of their reduced products in air. The Fe–Mn–O systems showed a stable and multicycle CLC performance, however, the individual oxides of Fe and Mn showed an inferior CLC performance. Pure CO2 was formed during the CH4 combustion reaction of the Fe–Mn–O systems with practically no toxic CO byproduct. Therefore, the mixed oxide phase of Fe and Mn shows potential as a practical oxygen carrier in terms of its multicycle CLC performance and CO2 selectivity.
Taking Science Seriously in the Debate on Death and Organ Transplantation
Authors: Nair‐Collins Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe concept of death and its relationship to organ transplantation continue to be sources of debate and confusion among academics, clinicians, and the public. Recently, an international group of scholars and clinicians, in collaboration with the World Health Organization, met in the first phase of an effort to develop international guidelines for determination of death. The goal of this first phase was to focus on the biology of death and the dying process while bracketing legal, ethical, cultural, and religious perspectives. The next phase of the project will include a broader group of stakeholders in the development of clinical practice guidelines and will use expert consensus on biomedical criteria for death from the first phase as scientific input into normative deliberation about appropriate policies and practices.Surely, science alone cannot resolve the normative and philosophical questions intertwined in debates about moral status, legal and moral rights, the ethics of killing, and personhood and the nature of the self; however, scientific input is necessary for informed moral deliberation. An objective and unbiased investigation of the biology of death is independent of, and should be undertaken prior to, an analysis of the normative questions engendered by debate about determination of death. This strategy is explicitly endorsed by the International Guidelines for Determination of Death and reflects the prevailing view of these issues in the mainstream medical literature. However, this mainstream literature, exemplified by the IGDD group's recent report, does not exhibit any of the characteristics usually associated with a scientifically rigorous investigation, such as making empirically testable and falsifiable claims, a commitment to evidence and logic over authoritative assertion, or a willingness to revise hypotheses and theories in light of new evidence. Indeed, the core claims and methodologies of the mainstream medical literature on death, both of which are represented by the IGDD report, are not merely scientifically unjustified; they are not science at all. This situation creates a problem for the integrity of science and the academy, and it unjustly obscures and prevents legitimate democratic and moral deliberation about issues that, at bottom, are normative, not scientific.
The Impact of Hospital Payment Schemes on Healthcare and Mortality: Evidence from Hospital Payment Reforms in OECD Countries
Authors: Wubulihasimu Parida , Brouwer Werner , van Baal Pieter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study, aggregate‐level panel data from 20 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries over three decades (1980‐2009) were used to investigate the impact of hospital payment reforms on healthcare output and mortality. Hospital payment schemes were classified as fixed‐budget (i.e. not directly based on activities), fee‐for‐service (FFS) or patient‐based payment (PBP) schemes. The data were analysed using a difference‐in‐difference model that allows for a structural change in outcomes due to payment reform. The results suggest that FFS schemes increase the growth rate of healthcare output, whereas PBP schemes positively affect life expectancy at age 65 years. However, these results should be interpreted with caution, as results are sensitive to model specification. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population Aging and Healthcare Expenditure in Korea
Authors: Hyun Kyung‐Rae , Kang Sungwook , Lee Sunmi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractKorea's rapid population aging has been considered as a major factor in increase of healthcare expenditure (HCE). However, there were no clear empirical evidences in Korea that show if population aging has a significant impact on HCE. To examine the ‘red herring’ argument, this study used Heckman, two‐part, and augmented model with Korean National Health Insurance claim data for the deceased and survivors of aged 20 years and over verified by Korean National Health Insurance Service between January 1 and December 31, 2010.Our results suggest that when time to death is controlled for as explanatory variable, HCE decreases as a function of age, and HCE during the terminal year increases as a function of time to death, and HCE in the last quarter of life decreases with age. Therefore, this study affirms that there is no age effect in Korea experiencing the most rapid population aging among Asian countries. An increase in the number of elderly, due to the aging of baby boomers, may not increase a share of HCE out of gross domestic product (GDP) in Korea. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.