bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Packed‐Column of Granular Activated Carbons for Removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand from Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Laohaprapanon Sawanya , Marques Marcia , Kaczala Fabio , Hogland William 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn the present study, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal by packed‐columns of activated carbon (AC) derived from two different materials (coal activated carbon, CAC and wood activated carbon, WAC) is reported as part of an on‐site wastewater treatment system for handling small volumes of wastewater generated at wood‐floor industries for which there are no proper on‐site treatment options available in the market. The performance of the sorbents, the effect of bed depth (0.19 and 0.57 m) and volumetric load (0.10 and 0.24 m h−1) on the breakthrough curve of sorption systems were studied. The results indicated the feasibility of using both ACs to treat these wastewaters. At the bed depth (0.57 m), volumetric load (0.24 m h−1), and 30% breakthrough, CAC and WAC showed treatment capacity of 40.5 L kg−1 in 250 h and 23.8 L kg−1 in 63 h, respectively. This indicated that CAC requires longer retention times to reach a performance similar to WAC. The experimental data was fit into the bed depth‐service time model showing that under the same conditions, CAC had higher maximum sorption capacity (N0) than WAC. Moreover, thermal regeneration at 500°C temperature could be a cost‐effective procedure since the reuse of spent AC through such regeneration process for further treatment could still achieve 90% of the initial sorption capacity, reducing then costs for the use of new sorbents and also the need for waste disposal.
Recycle of Ag+ and Zn2+ with Magnetic Adsorbent in Process of Its Purification from Wastewater
Authors: Wu Fan , Zhang Ying Xue , Le Chen Yong , Qian Hao 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA highly reusable magnetic polymer beads was employed as adsorbent to extract Ag+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution. Because of its excellent ability to adsorb Ag+ and Zn2+, after adsorption, the residual concentration of Zn2+ or Ag+ is far lower than the wastewater discharge Standard of China. The pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model was suitable to describe the responding adsorption behavior. The adsorption isotherm of Ag+ fitted best with Langmuir model, suggesting a monolayer adsorption occurred between metal ions on these magnetic beads. But the adsorption isotherm of Zn2+ could be well described by Freundlich model. From the thermodynamic parameters, it indicated that this adsorption process was endothermic. Furthermore, the binding metal ions on the magnetic adsorbent could be easily recovered by eluting with acidic solution without changing the valance state of these metal ions. Moreover, the responding regeneration of these magnetic beads could be performed in alkali solution. Even after 20 runs of adsorption–desorption–regeneration, the adsorption ability of these magnetic beads changed little. These advantages, including excellent stability, favorable adsorption capacity, simple operation, and prominent recoverability, bring great potential to this technology in the removal of hazardous heavy metal ions from wastewater.
The Effects of Different Substrates on Ammonium Removal in Constructed Wetlands: A Comparison of Their Physicochemical Characteristics and Ammonium‐Oxidizing Prokaryotic Communities
Authors: Huang Xu , Liu Chaoxiang , Wang Zhen , Gao Chunfang , Zhu Gefu , Liu Lin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) filled with natural zeolite had higher ammonium removal (82.4–94.0%) than another VFCW filled with volcanic rock (51.3–69.4%) treating piggery wastewater under any of three recirculation ratios. To reveal the underling reasons, physicochemical characteristics and ammonium‐oxidizing prokaryotes (AOPs) of two substrates were determined. The calculated maximum ammonium adsorption of zeolite (11.6 mg g−1) was remarkably higher than that of volcanic rock (0.21 mg g−1), mainly because the former contains two cationic binding crystalline species, ${\rm AlSi}_{{\rm 3}} {\rm O}_{{\rm 8}}^{- } $ and montmorillonite. Quantitative analyses indicated that ammonium‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) are the dominant AOP of zeolite and ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are the dominant AOP of volcanic rock respectively. Diversity and phylogenetic analysis further showed that both AOB and AOA communities were significantly different between two substrates. Nitrosospira‐like AOB (92.6%) and sediment/soil clade AOA (71.4%) were the main components of AOB and AOA in natural zeolite, whereas Nitrosomonas‐like AOB (76.1%) and water/sediment clade AOA (77.1%) dominated the AOB and AOA in volcanic rock. These results suggest that the substrates show high selectivity to AOP community. Thus, in addition to physicochemical characteristics, the AOP of substrates is very likely to affect ammonium removal in VFCWs.
Site of origin of and sex differences in the vasopressin innervation of the mouse (Mus musculus) brain
Authors: Rood Benjamin D. , Stott Ryan T. , You Samantha , Smith Caroline J.W. , Woodbury Maya E. , De Vries Geert J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDefining how arginine vasopressin (AVP) acts centrally to regulate homeostasis and behavior is problematic, as AVP is made in multiple nuclei in the hypothalamus (i.e., paraventricular [PVN], supraoptic [SON], and suprachiasmatic [SCN]) and extended amygdala (i.e., bed nucleus of the stria terminalis [BNST] and medial amygdala [MeA]), and these groups of neurons have extensive projections throughout the brain. To understand the function of AVP, it is essential to know the site of origin of various projections. In mice, we used gonadectomy to eliminate gonadal steroid hormone–dependent expression of AVP in the BNST and MeA and electrolytic lesions to eliminate the SCN, effectively eliminating those AVP‐immunoreactive projections; we also quantified AVP‐immunoreactive fiber density in gonadectomized and sham‐operated male and female mice to examine sex differences in AVP innervation. Our results suggest that the BNST/MeA AVP system innervates regions containing major modulatory neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin and dopamine) and thus may be involved in regulating behavioral state. Furthermore, this system may be biased toward the regulation of male behavior, given the numerous regions in which males have a denser AVP‐immunoreactive innervation than females. AVP from the SCN is found in regions important for the regulation of hormone output and behavior. Innervation from the PVN and SON is found in brain regions that likely work in concert with the well‐known peripheral AVP actions of controlling homeostasis and stress response; female‐biased sex differences in this system may be related to the heightened stress response observed in females. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:2321–2358, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alternative Caregiving Figures and their Role on Adult Attachment Representations
Authors: Zaccagnino Maria , Cussino Martina , Saunders Rachel , Jacobvitz Deborah , Veglia Fabio 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThe present work represents the first Italian study investigating whether and how mothers who describe unloving experiences with both parents during childhood could become more secure as adults (termed earned‐secures).MethodThe sample consisted of 94 women from northern Italy. All the subjects were administered the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and fill in a screening test evaluating depressive symptoms.ResultsNo significative differences were found regarding depressive symptomatology across the different attachment classifications. The majority of the samples (84%) remember an important alternative support figure during childhood (before 12 years old). Earned‐secures significantly differ from continuous‐secure and insecure groups (F = 27.202; p ≤ 0.01) on the amount of the emotional support from the main alternative support figure and on the average amount of emotional support across alternative support figures (F = 10.44; p ≤ 0.01). The majority of alternative support figures (80%) were grandparents.ConclusionsA corrective emotional experience allows the subject to work through his negative childhood experiences and acquire modalities of interaction that enable him/her to function more effectively in the world. The clinical implications of this study will be discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Attachment theory.
Clinical implications of attachment experiences.
Corrective emotional experience.
Optimal rate and power allocation under quality‐of‐service requirements for wireless multihop networks
Authors: Wang Fei , Liao Xiaofeng , Guo Songtao , Huang Hongyu 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYIn wireless networks, real‐time applications have strict QoS requirements for packet delay, packet loss, and reliability. However, most existing work has not considered these QoS metrics when allocating wireless resources so that the QoS requirements of real‐time applications may not be satisfied. To overcome this shortcoming, a rate and power allocation framework incorporating these QoS metrics is first proposed for slow‐fading systems. Second, two distributed algorithms are developed to solve this optimization framework although it is nonconvex and nonseparable. Third, an improved framework is proposed to deal with the rate and power allocation with QoS requirements for fast‐fading systems. It is shown that the fast‐fading state of the network does not need to be considered in this improved framework, and it can be solved using algorithms that are similar to those for the framework of slow‐fading systems. In the end, simulations show that our algorithms converge closely to the globally optimal solution. By comparison with an existing model, simulations also verify the validity of our frameworks on dealing with the rate and power allocation with QoS requirements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microsatellite and mtDNA analysis of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, from Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories: impacts of historical and contemporary evolutionary forces on Arctic ecosystems
Authors: Harris Les N. , Howland Kimberly L. , Kowalchuk Matthew W. , Bajno Robert , Lindsay Melissa M. , Taylor Eric B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractResolving the genetic population structure of species inhabiting pristine, high latitude ecosystems can provide novel insights into the post‐glacial, evolutionary processes shaping the distribution of contemporary genetic variation. In this study, we assayed genetic variation in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Great Bear Lake (GBL), NT and one population outside of this lake (Sandy Lake, NT) at 11 microsatellite loci and the mtDNA control region (d‐loop). Overall, population subdivision was low, but significant (global FST θ = 0.025), and pairwise comparisons indicated that significance was heavily influenced by comparisons between GBL localities and Sandy Lake. Our data indicate that there is no obvious genetic structure among the various basins within GBL (global FST = 0.002) despite the large geographic distances between sampling areas. We found evidence of low levels of contemporary gene flow among arms within GBL, but not between Sandy Lake and GBL. Coalescent analyses suggested that some historical gene flow occurred among arms within GBL and between GBL and Sandy Lake. It appears, therefore, that contemporary (ongoing dispersal and gene flow) and historical (historical gene flow and large founding and present‐day effective population sizes) factors contribute to the lack of neutral genetic structure in GBL. Overall, our results illustrate the importance of history (e.g., post‐glacial colonization) and contemporary dispersal ecology in shaping genetic population structure of Arctic faunas and provide a better understanding of the evolutionary ecology of long‐lived salmonids in pristine, interconnected habitats.
Neogene origins and implied warmth tolerance of Amazon tree species
Authors: Dick Christopher W. , Lewis Simon L. , Maslin Mark , Bermingham Eldredge 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTropical rain forest has been a persistent feature in South America for at least 55 million years. The future of the contemporary Amazon forest is uncertain, however, as the region is entering conditions with no past analogue, combining rapidly increasing air temperatures, high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, possible extreme droughts, and extensive removal and modification by humans. Given the long‐term Cenozoic cooling trend, it is unknown whether Amazon forests can tolerate air temperature increases, with suggestions that lowland forests lack warm‐adapted taxa, leading to inevitable species losses. In response to this uncertainty, we posit a simple hypothesis: the older the age of a species prior to the Pleistocene, the warmer the climate it has previously survived, with Pliocene (2.6–5 Ma) and late‐Miocene (8–10 Ma) air temperature across Amazonia being similar to 2100 temperature projections under low and high carbon emission scenarios, respectively. Using comparative phylogeographic analyses, we show that 9 of 12 widespread Amazon tree species have Pliocene or earlier lineages (>2.6 Ma), with seven dating from the Miocene (>5.6 Ma) and three >8 Ma. The remarkably old age of these species suggest that Amazon forests passed through warmth similar to 2100 levels and that, in the absence of other major environmental changes, near‐term high temperature‐induced mass species extinction is unlikely.
Neutral Dimethylzirconocene Complexes as Initiators for the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactone
Authors: Villaseñor Elena , Gutierrez‐Gonzalez Rubén , Carrillo‐Hermosilla Fernando , Fernández‐Galán Rafael , López‐Solera Isabel , Fernández‐Pacheco Ana Rodríguez , Antiñolo Antonio 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe synthesis, structures, and ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) activity of new dimethyl‐ansa‐ and ‐non‐ansa‐zirconocene complexes are reported. The substituted indene precursors 1‐C9H7R [R = CH3 (1), CH2Ph (2) and C2H4(C4H7O2) (3)] were synthesised by treating RBr [R = CH2Ph and C2H4(C4H7O2)] or MeI with indenyllithium. Likewise, bridged indenyl/cyclopentadiene compounds [Me2Si(3‐C9H6R)(C5Me4H)] [R = H (4), CH3 (5), CH2Ph (6) and C2H4(C4H7O2) (7)] were obtained by treating the lithium salt of the appropriately substituted indene with ClSiMe2(C5Me4H). ansa‐Indenyl–cyclopentadienylmetallocenes [Zr{Me2Si(3‐η5‐C9H5R)(η5‐C5Me4)}Cl2] [R = H (8), CH3 (9), CH2Ph (10), C2H4(C4H7O2) (11)] were subsequently obtained by treating the dilithium salts of the corresponding ligands with ZrCl4 in toluene. The dimethyl derivatives [Zr{Me2Si(3‐η5‐C9H5R)(η5‐C5Me4)}Me2] [R = H (12), CH3 (13), CH2Ph (14), C2H4(C4H7O2) (15)] were prepared by treating the corresponding ansa‐zirconocene dichloride complex with MgMeBr. Dialkyl derivative [Zr{Me2Si{3‐η5‐C9H5(CH2Ph)}(η5‐C5Me4)}(CH2SiMe3)2] (16) was prepared by adding 2 equiv. of LiCH2SiMe3 to complex 10. Mixed indenyl/cyclopentadienylzirconocene complexes [Zr(η5‐C9H6R)(η5‐C5H5)Cl2] [R = H (17), C2H4(C4H7O2) (18)] were prepared by treating the lithium salt of the appropriately substituted indene with [Zr(η5‐C5H5)Cl3]. Likewise, dimethyl derivatives [Zr(η5‐C9H6R)(η5‐C5H5)Me2] [R = H (19), C2H4(C4H7O2) (20)] were prepared by treating the corresponding mixed indenyl/cyclopentadienyl dichloride complex with 2 equiv. of MgMeBr. The X‐ray crystal structures of 7, 12, and 13 were also established. Finally, comparative catalytic studies of zirconium complexes 12–16, 19 and 20 in ROP reactions of ϵ‐caprolactone are described.
Volatile Methylplatinum Complexes – Formation and Reactions in Anhydrous HF
Authors: Friedemann Roland , Seppelt Konrad 
Published: December 2012

Abstract[(CO)2Pt(CH3)2], [(PF3)2Pt(CH3)2], and [(CF3)2PC2H4P(CH3)2Pt(CH3)2] [dfmpe = (CF3)2PC2H4P(CF3)2] are obtained by ligand exchange reactions. The thermal stability of the complexes increases in the given sequence, whereas their volatility decreases. Demethylation reactions with anhydrous HF cleave one methyl group. The addition of AsF5 and SbF5 often cleaves both methyl groups. The resulting L2Pt2+ compounds are obtained in crystalline form with the corresponding [AsF6]–, [SbF6]–, [Sb2F11]–, and [B12F12]2– anions. Bridged dimeric or trimeric platinum complexes are also formed.
Spin Crossover at the Nanometre Scale
Authors: Shepherd Helena J. , Molnár Gábor , Nicolazzi William , Salmon Lionel , Bousseksou Azzedine 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFrom the development of new methods for the synthesis and patterning of nanometre‐scale thin films and particles, to the first investigations of charge transport and photonic properties, there has been a proliferation of research concerning spin crossover nanomaterials in recent years. Studies have aimed at addressing fundamental questions concerning size‐reduction effects, as well as striving towards practical applications in this important class of bistable molecular materials. This microreview describes the most recent achievements and highlights possible future directions in this field.
The Stability of Imidazolidinones is the Primary Influence on the Catalytic Activity of Proline Amides and Proline Sulfonamides in Enamine Catalysis Using Alkyl Aldehyde Substrates
Authors: Tin Sergey , Fuentes José A. , Lebl Tomas , Clarke Matthew L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSome N‐substituted proline derivatives catalyse the reactions of alkyl aldehydes with electrophilic partners, and others give negligible amounts of product. The key reaction between the aldehyde and the proline derivative has been studied, and a rationale for the reactivity observed is presented. Simple proline amides derived from aromatic amines (poor catalysts) form stable imidazolidinones quite rapidly at the expense of enamines, the latter being detected, if at all, for less than an hour. Less basic proline amides form a kinetic diastereomer of an imidazolidinone that very slowly inverts its stereochemistry to give a final thermodynamic product. The stereochemistry of these diastereomers was fully assigned by 1H NMR, NOE, and TOCSY experiments. A proline amide derived from an alkylamine (good catalyst) forms high concentrations of enamine that is only slowly (days) converted into a single diastereomer of an inert imidazolidinone. In contrast, another good catalyst, a proline sulfonamide, immediately forms a reactive imidazolidinone, that rapidly ring‐opens and exchanges with other aldehydes. This presumably drip‐feeds iminium ions and enamines into the catalytic cycle. Thus, there are two quite different mechanistic regimes that lead to efficient catalysis. These mechanistic insights should now allow some element of rational design of prolinamides for enamine reactions using aldehydes.
Aristolochic acid nephropathy: Harbinger of a global iatrogenic disease
Authors: Grollman Arthur P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis review constitutes an overview of our investigations of aristolochic acid nephropathy, a chronic kidney disease associated with carcinomas of the upper urinary tract. Our studies began by confirming the hypothesis that chronic dietary poisoning by aristolochic acid was responsible for endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. A unique TP53 mutational signature in urothelial tumors and the presence of aristolactam‐DNA adducts in the renal cortex, defined in the course of this research, proved to be robust biomarkers of exposure to this potent nephrotoxin and human carcinogen. Armed with this information, we used molecular epidemiologic approaches and novel mechanistic information to establish the causative role of aristolochic acid in upper urinary tract carcinoma in Taiwan, where one‐third of the population had been prescribed herbal remedies containing Aristolochia, and the recorded incidence of upper urinary tract cancers is the highest in the world. As traditional Chinese medicine is practiced similarly in Taiwan and China, it is likely that upper urinary tract carcinomas and their attendant aristolochic acid nephropathy are prevalent in China and other Asian countries where Aristolochia herbs have been used for centuries in the treatment and prevention of disease, creating a potential public health problem of considerable magnitude. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The isolation and characterization of renal cancer initiating cells from human Wilms' tumour xenografts unveils new therapeutic targets
Authors: Pode‐Shakked Naomi , Shukrun Rachel , Mark‐Danieli Michal , Tsvetkov Peter , Bahar Sarit , Pri‐Chen Sara , Goldstein Ronald S. , Rom‐Gross Eithan , Mor Yoram , Fridman Edward , Meir Karen , Simon Amos , Magister Marcus , Kaminski Naftali , Goldmacher Victor S. , Harari‐Steinberg Orit , Dekel Benjamin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThere are considerable differences in tumour biology between adult and paediatric cancers. The existence of cancer initiating cells/cancer stem cells (CIC/CSC) in paediatric solid tumours is currently unclear. Here, we show the successful propagation of primary human Wilms' tumour (WT), a common paediatric renal malignancy, in immunodeficient mice, demonstrating the presence of a population of highly proliferative CIC/CSCs capable of serial xenograft initiation. Cell sorting and limiting dilution transplantation analysis of xenograft cells identified WT CSCs that harbour a primitive undifferentiated – NCAM1 expressing – “blastema” phenotype, including a capacity to expand and differentiate into the mature renal‐like cell types observed in the primary tumour. WT CSCs, which can be further enriched by aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, overexpressed renal stemness and genes linked to poor patient prognosis, showed preferential protein expression of phosphorylated PKB/Akt and strong reduction of the miR‐200 family. Complete eradication of WT in multiple xenograft models was achieved with a human NCAM antibody drug conjugate. The existence of CIC/CSCs in WT provides new therapeutic targets.→See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201202173
Skyline‐based ground motion selection method for nonlinear time history analysis of building structures
Authors: Shi Wei , Pan Peng , Ye Lieping , Xu Yajun , Wang Chaokun 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThis paper develops a novel ground motion selection procedure for nonlinear time history analysis of critical structures. The skyline query originated from computer science is first introduced, including its concept and related algorithms. Then, the ground motion selection procedure based on skyline query is developed. Meanwhile, a new five‐dimensional vector‐valued intensity measure is defined as a critical ingredient of the selection procedure to measure the damage potential of ground motions. Finally, the process of the selection procedure is illustrated through examples of three shear models, and its efficiency is also validated. Through the examples of three shear models, the ground motion selection procedure based on skyline query proposed in this paper is proven to be capable of selecting a limited set of ground motions with high damage potentials for the nonlinear time history analysis purpose. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.