bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose and developmental responses of Anopheles merus larvae to salinity
Authors: White Bradley J. , Kundert Peter N. , Turissini David A. , Van Ekeris Leslie , Linser Paul J. , Besansky Nora J. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARY
Saltwater tolerance is a trait that carries both ecological and epidemiological significance for Anopheles mosquitoes that transmit human malaria, as it plays a key role in determining their habitat use and ecological distribution, and thus their local contribution to malaria transmission. Here, we lay the groundwork for genetic dissection of this trait by quantifying saltwater tolerance in three closely related cryptic species and malaria vectors from the Afrotropical Anopheles gambiae complex that are known to differ starkly in their tolerance to salinity: the obligate freshwater species A. gambiae and A. coluzzii, and the saltwater-tolerant species A. merus. We performed detailed comparisons of survivorship under varying salinities, using multiple strains of A. gambiae, A. coluzzii and A. merus, as well as F1 progeny from reciprocal crosses of A. merus and A. coluzzii. Additionally, using immunohistochemistry, we compared the location of three ion regulatory proteins (Na+/K+-ATPase, carbonic anhydrase and Na+/H+-antiporter) in the recta of A. coluzzii and A. merus reared in freshwater or saline water. As expected, we found that A. merus survives exposure to high salinities better than A. gambiae and A. coluzzii. Further, we found that exposure to a salinity level of 15.85 g NaCl l−1 is a discriminating dose that kills all A. gambiae, A. coluzzii and A. coluzzii–A. merus F1 larvae, but does not negatively impact the survival of A. merus. Importantly, phenotypic expression of saltwater tolerance by A. merus is highly dependent upon the developmental time of exposure, and based on immunohistochemistry, salt tolerance appears to involve a major shift in Na+/K+-ATPase localization in the rectum, as observed previously for the distantly related saline-tolerant species A. albimanus.
Medicus Petrus Hispanus (cl205-77 Peter of Spain): a XIII century Pope and Author of a Medieval Sex Guide
Authors: Ambrose Charles T 
Published: August 2013

Summary Petrus Hispanus was the only practicing physician ever to become Pope (1276-77). By all accounts he was an interim choice when rival French and Italian Cardinals could not elect one of their own nationality. Although not clearly responsible for any major political actions by the Church, Petrus was famous for several centuries after his death because of his secular writings - a text on logic (Summulae logicales) and a handbook on medicine (Thesaurus pauperum). The latter is noteworthy because it contains two sections on coitus - how to enhance the sexual act and how to subdue sexual urges. Promoting coitus seems an odd topic for a medieval Catholic cleric-writer and raises the question as to whether the first section may have been added by a later copyist or editor, but an examination of a very early manuscript of the Thesaurus gives assurance that the two sexual sections were written by Petrus, probably around 1270.
Temporal variation of the algae-associated molluscan assemblage of artificial substrata in Bay of Tunis (Tunisia)
Authors: ANTIT M. , DAOULATLI A. , RUEDA J.L. , SALAS C. 
Published: August 2013

The molluscan assemblage inhabiting the photophilous algae from artificial rocky shores in theBay of Tunis) was studied from February 2009 to February 2010. Five monthly replicates were taken with a quadrat of 25 × 25 cm .. A total of 16105 individuals of molluscs, belonging to 93 species, were collected. Gastropods were the most species-rich group, with 66 species (70.96%), followed by bivalves with 26 species (27.95%). Gastropods were also the most abundant with 11529 individuals (71.60%), followed by bivalves with 4575 individuals (28.41%). Nevertheless,Mytilaster minimus was the dominant species overall during the studied period (15.6% of total abundance), followed by Tricolia miniata (11.6%), Bittium reticulatum (11.5%), Gibbula racketti (10.4%) and Rissoa similis (9.8%). The high abundance of juveniles of soft (e.g. Venerupis aurea, Nassarius corniculum) and hard bottom species (e.g. M. minimus, Fissurella nubecula) point out the important role of this habitat as nursery for species from nearby located habitats. The presence of the alien molluscs Mitrella psilla (2.5% dominance) and Arcuatula senhousia highlights the importance of algae as vehicle and/or receptor habitat for alien species. Species richness and abundance displayed significant seasonal changes, with maxima in winter 2009, but the Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed similar values throughout the year. Multivariate analyses also indicated the presence of significant seasonal differences of this molluscan assemblage.
Assessment of heavy metals pollution in the gulf of Gabes (Tunisia) using four mollusk species
Authors: RABAOUI L. , BALTI R. , ZRELLI R. , TLIG-ZOUARI S. 
Published: August 2013

Since the establishment of the ‘Tunisian Chemical Group’ in Gabes city, Tunisia, no serious investigations were carried out about the heavy metal pollution in Gabes gulf. In the present study, the contents of four heavy metals were assessed in four mollusk species (two gastropods, Gibbula ardens and Patella caerulea, and two bivalves, Pinctada radiata and Pinna nobilis), collected from twelve coastal stations. The results obtained showed generally that high concentrations of heavy metals were recorded in the central area of Gabes gulf, nearer to Gabes city; the low concentrations were in contrast found at the edges of this gulf, which is probably due to the chemical pollution generated from the huge industry of phosphoric acid in Gabes city. Comparing the results found with the four examined species, the lowest concentrations were noted with the two bivalve species P. radiata and P. nobilis. The highest heavy metals’ concentrations, noted during this study, are comparable to the findings of other authors in other areas, but they are considerably beyond the standards. A remediation action is necessarily needed either by reducing the amount of heavy metals in the phosphgypums quantities thrown directly in the sea or by stopping completely this harmful industry to protect the marine life in the area. A remediation action is necessarily needed to protect the marine life in the area.
Faculty Development Activities in Family Medicine: In Search of Innovation
Authors: Lawrence Elizabeth A. , Oyama Oliver N. 
Published: August 2013

Objective: To describe the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's (ACGME) faculty development requirements, explore the range of faculty development activities and support currently used by family medicine residencies to meet these requirements, and describe one innovative approach to satisfy this need. Method: An electronic survey of faculty development activities and support offered to faculty by residency programs was sent to a random sample of 40 medical school and community based family medicine residency programs across the United States. Data were examined using t-tests, Fisher's exact tests, and Analysis of Variance. Results: Faculty development, beyond traditional clinical CME, was strongly encouraged or required by a large proportion of the sample (73%). Only 58% of programs reported having discussed the ACGME's faculty development component areas (clinical, educational, administrative, leadership, research, and behavioral). In each component area except the “clinical” area, the absence of discussing the ACGME component areas with residency faculty was associated with fewer faculty development activities and support being offered by the program. Conclusions: These results, although preliminary, suggest that family medicine residency programs may value and encourage faculty development. The majority of programs use traditional activities and strategies such as CME, faculty meetings, faculty conferences and workshops; and a smaller number of programs are exploring the utility of mentoring programs, faculty discussion groups, and technology based learning systems. The challenge is to develop faculty development activities tailored to individual program and faculty needs and resources.
Training Family Medicine Residents to Practice Collaboratively with Psychology Trainees
Authors: Porcerelli John H. , Fowler Shannon L. , Murdoch William , Markova Tsveti , Kimbrough Christina 
Published: August 2013

Objective: This article will describe a training curriculum for family medicine residents to practice collaboratively with psychology (doctoral) trainees at the Wayne State University/Crittenton Family Medicine Residency program. Methods: The collaborative care curriculum involves a series of patient care and educational activities that require collaboration between family medicine residents and psychology trainees. Activities include: 1) clinic huddle, 2) shadowing, 3) pull-ins and warm handoffs, 4) co-counseling, 5) shared precepting, 6) feedback from psychology trainees to family medicine residents regarding consults, brief interventions, and psychological testing, 7) lectures, 8) video-observation and feedback, 9) home visits, and 10) research. The activities were designed to teach the participants to work together as a team and to provide a reciprocal learning experience. Results: In a brief three-item survey of residents at the end of their academic year, 83% indicated that they had learned new information or techniques from working with the psychology trainees for assessment and intervention purposes; 89% indicated that collaborating with psychology trainees enhanced their patient care; and 89% indicated that collaborating with psychology trainees enhanced their ability to work as part of a team. Informal interviews with the psychology trainees indicated that reciprocal learning had taken place. Conclusions: Family medicine residents can learn to work collaboratively with psychology trainees through a series of shared patient care and educational activities within a primary care clinic where an integrated approach to care is valued.
Error Management in Audit Firms: Error Climate, Type, and Originator
Authors: Gold Anna , Gronewold Ulfert , Salterio Steven E. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
This paper examines how the treatment of audit staff who discover errors in audit files by superiors affects their willingness to report these errors. The way staff are treated by superiors is labelled as the audit office error management climate. In a “blame-oriented” climate errors are not tolerated and those committing errors are punished. In contrast, an “open” climate characterizes error commitment as a normal, albeit unfortunate aspect of organizational life that offers opportunities for learning without sanctions on the originator. We examine error management climate in the context of audit-specific factors that might affect the decision to report errors: audit error type (conceptual or mechanical) and who committed the error (the individual who discovered it or a peer). An open climate results in an increase in the reporting of mechanical (but not conceptual) errors and all peer errors versus a blame climate. Post hoc findings suggest that one obstacle to reporting conceptual errors stems from an auditor's own impression management concerns. We discuss how auditing standards and regulatory inspections may impact audit firm error management climates.
Data Availability: Experimental data are available from the second author subject to data confidentiality restrictions issued by the participating firms.
Long-Lasting Improvements in Liver Fat and Metabolism Despite Body Weight Regain After Dietary Weight Loss
Authors: Haufe Sven , Haas Verena , Utz Wolfgang , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Jeran Stephanie , Böhnke Jana , Mähler Anja , Luft Friedrich C. , Schulz-Menger Jeanette , Boschmann Michael , Jordan Jens , Engeli Stefan 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE
Weight loss reduces abdominal and intrahepatic fat, thereby improving metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Yet, many patients regain weight after successful diet-induced weight loss. Long-term changes in abdominal and liver fat, along with liver test results and insulin resistance, are not known.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed 50 overweight to obese subjects (46 ± 9 years of age; BMI, 32.5 ± 3.3 kg/m2; women, 77%) who had participated in a 6-month hypocaloric diet and were randomized to either reduced carbohydrates or reduced fat content. Before, directly after diet, and at an average of 24 (range, 17–36) months follow-up, we assessed body fat distribution by magnetic resonance imaging and markers of liver function and insulin resistance.

RESULTS
Body weight decreased with diet but had increased again at follow-up. Subjects also partially regained abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. In contrast, intrahepatic fat decreased with diet and remained reduced at follow-up (7.8 ± 9.8% [baseline], 4.5 ± 5.9% [6 months], and 4.7 ± 5.9% [follow-up]). Similar patterns were observed for markers of liver function, whole-body insulin sensitivity, and hepatic insulin resistance. Changes in intrahepatic fat und intrahepatic function were independent of macronutrient composition during intervention and were most effective in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS
A 6-month hypocaloric diet induced improvements in hepatic fat, liver test results, and insulin resistance despite regaining of weight up to 2 years after the active intervention. Body weight and adiposity measurements may underestimate beneficial long-term effects of dietary interventions.
Disturbed Eating Behavior and Omission of Insulin in Adolescents Receiving Intensified Insulin Treatment
Authors: Wisting Line , Frøisland Dag Helge , Skrivarhaug Torild , Dahl-Jørgensen Knut , Rø Øyvind 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE
To establish the prevalence of disturbed eating behavior (DEB) and insulin omission among adolescents with type 1 diabetes using intensive insulin treatment in a nationwide population-based study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey–Revised (DEPS-R) is a diabetes-specific screening tool for DEB. Clinical data and HbA1c were obtained from the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry.

RESULTS
A total of 770 children and adolescents 11–19 years of age with type 1 diabetes completed the DEPS-R. A total of 27.7% of the females and 8.6% of the males scored above the DEPS-R cutoff. Participants scoring above the cutoff had significantly higher HbA1c (9.2% [77 mmol/mol]; SD, 1.6) than participants scoring below the cutoff (8.4% [68 mmol/mol]; SD, 1.3; P &lt; 0.001). The prevalence of DEB increased significantly with age and weight, from 7.2% in the underweight group to 32.7% in the obese group, and from 8.1% in the youngest age-group (11–13 years) to 38.1% in the oldest age-group (17–19 years). A total of 31.6% of the participants reported insulin restriction and 6.9% reported insulin omission after overeating. Patients reporting insulin restriction had significantly higher HbA1c (9.0% [75 mmol/mol]; SD, 1.7) than nonrestrictors (8.3% [67 mmol/mol]; SD, 1.2; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
One-fourth of girls with type 1 diabetes scored above the cutoff for DEB and one-third reported skipping their insulin dose entirely at least occasionally after overeating. Both DEB and insulin restriction were associated with poorer metabolic control, which may increase the risk of serious late diabetes complications.
Early prediction of tumour response to PRRT
Authors: Reichmann K. , Yong-Hing C. , Damm M. , Risse J. , Ahmadzadehfar H. , Logvinski T. , Guhlke S. , Biersack H.-J. , Sabet A. , Ezziddin S. 
Published: August 2013

Summary[177Lu-DOTA0, Tyr3]-octreotate (177Lu-octreotate) in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) offers direct intra-therapeutic dosimetry. The aim of this study was to compare tumour and non-tumour parameters and assess intra-individual variations. Patients, methods: Retrospective analysis of 53 consecutive PRRT treatment cycles (mean activity of 7.53 ± 0.46 GBq 177Lu-octreotate, intended four cycles at intervals of 10–14 weeks, standard nephroprotection) in 27 GEP NET patients. Extended planar dosimetry with serial wholebody imaging on selected, non-superimposed tumour and non-tumour regions; liver (LM), bone (BM), and other (OM) metastases. The per-cycle variation was compared with posttreatment response (CT/MRI three months post-treatment, modified SWOG criteria). Results: Residence time in tumor lesions (133–147 h) exceeded that in kidneys (93 h). Tumour-to-kidney absorbed dose ratios ranged from 14 to 28 (LM, BM, OM). Intra-individual per-cycle dose variation was insignificant for kidneys, but significant for metastases (LM, BM, and OM; p < 0.05). The mean per-cycle decrease of tumour absorbed dose (_D/A0[%]) was linked to morphologic response after PRRT. A mean decrease of >20% was predictive of a partial or minor remission in all 11 evaluable patients, while absent significant dose reduction indicated stable or progressive disease in 4/5 patients. The dose decrease was unrelated to volume effects and also observed for BM. Conclusion: Besides confirmation of a favourable tumour-to-kidney parameter relation for 177Lu-octreotate, stepwise intra-lesional comparison seems to imply a prognostic impact of tumor dosimetry: The early per-cycle change _D/A0 between treatment cycles may predict the outcome after PRRT. Larger studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Transplants of Western Pearlshell Mussels to Unoccupied Streams on Willapa National Wildlife Refuge, Southwestern Washington
Authors: Fernandez Marie K. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe western pearlshell mussel Margaritifera falcata is a species of freshwater mussel listed as vulnerable in the state of Washington. From 2007 to 2009, 265 western pearlshell mussels were transplanted from the Bear River to four streams within the Willapa National Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Washington. Transplanted western pearlshell mussels were monitored for survival and growth, as well as reproduction. Between 55% and 95% of the transplanted western pearlshell mussels could be accounted for in individual streams in 2010. Growth increments measured from September 2008 to March 2010 ranged up to 6.5 mm. Evidence of reproduction in western pearlshell mussels was observed in two streams. The project provided a rare opportunity to explore transplant techniques and gauge the success of these efforts for this species in the Pacific Northwest.
Study of Neuroimaging in Patients with Refractory Eclampsia
Authors: Patil Mithil M 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTNeedDespite availability of intensive care units and improved antenatal care some women still die from eclampsia. Eclampsia is associated with increased risk of maternal death from 1.8% in developing countries to 14% in developing countries. Cerebral complications are the major cause of death in eclampsia patients. Eclampsia along with hypercoagulopathy of pregnancy is a high risk patient for development of cerebrovascular thrombosis/ischemic strokes. Eclampsia patients who are refractory to the routine treatment have been found to have various CNS pathological conditions amenable to the medical treatment.Aim and objectivesTo study the neurological changes in patients with eclampsia and to delineate the pathophysiology in patients with refractory eclampsia.Materials and methodsProspective study design where 30 patients were included in the study. All patients were admitted in the eclampsia room with h/o convulsions. All patients were put on MgSO4therapy and antihypertensives. The patients who are refractory to the treatment, such as having recurrent convulsions despite on MgSO4were selected for neuroimaging with CT scan. neuroimaging is done with Phillips Tomoscan CT scanner where slices of 10 mm thickness were taken through the entire brain in the transaxial plane. Abdomen shielding is done with lead shield to prevent radiation hazard.ResultsSr.FindingsNumber of patientsPercentage1Cerebral edema20Mild to moderate1756Severe3102Hypertensive encephalopathy5163Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome11364Cerebral infarction4135Cortical venous sinus thrombosis2166Tuberculomas267Meningitis138Hydrocephalus139Normal413ConclusionEclampsia patients who were refactory to the treatment with MgSO4and antihypertensives have been found to have very significant and morbid CNS pathological conditions. Neuroimaging in this patients have done a pivotal role in identifying the abnormality and rectifying it with medical means which has surely improved patients condition and have reduced morbidity.How to cite this articlePatil MM. Study of Neuroimaging in Patients with Refractory Eclampsia. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(1):4-7.
Prospective and Retrospective Analysis of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease over a Period of 5 Years
Authors: Singh Uma , Singh Nisha , Srivastava Sanghmitra 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective
To study incidence and outcome of gestational trophoblastic disease and its variants and changes in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) outcome since the use of FIGO 2002 scoring system.

Materials and method
A prospective and retrospective cohort study was conducted on all cases of GTD. Those admitted from Jan 2005 to Dec 2007 were retrospectively analyzed from hospital records. Cases admitted from Jan 2008 to Dec 2009 were followed prospectively. Data was analyzed in terms of methods of diagnosis, FIGO score, treatment methods, success and follow- up feasibility. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS 11 of Windows 2003.

Results
Forty-four patients of GTD were analyzed, 21 retrospectively and 23 prospectively. The incidence of GTD was 1.1 per 1,000 admissions and 1.5 per 1,000 deliveries. GTN constituted 1.44% of all the gynecological cancer cases admitted in 5 years. Invasive mole constituted 68% of GTN. Seventyone percent of the GTN belonged to stage 1 and 60% had low risk score. Prospective cases managed according to new FIGO (2002) scoring system showed a faster decline in βhCG, lower drug toxicity and higher complete cure rates.

Conclusion
Management of GTN according to new scoring system results in high cure rates. Centralized registry can achieve 100% follow-up and higher survival rates.

How to cite this article
Singh N, Singh U, Srivastava S. Prospective and Retrospective Analysis of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease over a Period of 5 Years. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(1):11-14.