bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Hydrogel‐Based Actuating Systems
Authors: Ionov Leonid 
Published: June 2013

AbstractActive motion is intrinsic to all kinds of living organisms from unicellular ones to humans and inspires development of synthetic actively moving materials. Hydrogels, which are three dimensional polymer networks imbibed with aqueous solutions, mimic the swelling/shrinking behavior of plant cells and produce macroscopic actuation upon swelling and shrinking. This Feature Article covers basic principles of design as well as recent advances in the development of hydrogel based actuating systems. It is discussed how simply swelling can be used to generate very complex multistep motion, which can be used to develop new optical devices, sensors, biomaterials, smart surface, etc.
Rapid Flow‐Through Biocatalysis with High Surface Area, Enzyme‐Loaded Carbon and Gold‐Bearing Diatom Frustule Replicas
Authors: Davis Stan C. , Sheppard Vonda C. , Begum Gousia , Cai Ye , Fang Yunnan , Berrigan John D. , Kröger Nils , Sandhage Kenneth H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHierarchically‐porous, rigid inorganic structures have attracted appreciable interest in a wide range of applications, including catalysis, filtration, sensing, and energy storage/harvesting. Naturally‐occurring, hierarchically‐porous, rigid assemblies with a wide range of three‐dimensional (3D) structures are generated by diatoms (photosynthetic aquatic microorganisms); that is, each of the tens of thousands of diatom species forms a macro‐to‐mesoporous, silica‐bearing cell wall (frustule) with a particular, highly‐reproducible 3D morphology. We have recently demonstrated that such intricate biosilica structures can be converted, without loss of 3D morphology, into high surface area (>1300 m2/g) macro‐to‐microporous carbon. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, how the chemical tailoring of such hierarchically‐porous, carbon‐converted, 3D biogenic structures can result in a high degree of enzyme loading for rapid flow‐through catalysis. Two approaches have been developed for enriching such structures with carboxylic acid groups: i) dendritic amplification of partially‐oxidized C replicas, and ii) electrochemical Au deposition followed by self‐assembly of a carboxylic acid‐bearing surface layer. The terminal carboxylic acid groups were then used for electrostatic attachment of a protamine (PA) modified derivative of the model enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOx‐PA). In a flow‐through system, the GOx‐PA‐loaded, diatom‐derived microscale structures displayed a glucose consumption rate more than 80% faster than for GOx‐PA‐loaded C black and Au nanoparticles. The rapid flow‐through catalysis of the carbon and gold‐bearing frustule replicas was enabled by the open 3D morphology of the starting diatom silica templates, along with the enhanced surface area and high enzyme loading resulting from the chemical conversion and surface functionalization processes.
Colloidal Surface Assemblies: Nanotechnology Meets Bioinspiration
Authors: Kraus Tobias , Brodoceanu Daniel , Pazos‐Perez Nicolas , Fery Andreas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis Feature Article discusses two biomimetic aspects of functional particle surface assembly: the fabrication of biologically inspired structures from particles and the arrangement of particles on biomimetic templates. The first part discusses the creation of primary patterns by convective assembly and adsorption of particles that can be modified by a combination of etching and growth steps. Resulting structures mimic moth eyes, Lotus leaves, and the Gecko's adhesive structures, for example. The second part focusses on template assisted self‐assembly (TASA) of particles. Herein, biological examples are inspiring in terms of structure formation related processes, rather than in terms of functionality. Template formation is a major bottleneck TASA. It is illustrated how bio‐inspired wrinkling processes help overcoming this problem and can be employed for forming highly ordered functional nanoparticle assemblies.
Iron‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Conjugate Addition of Aryl‐Grignard Reagents to α,β,γ,δ‐Unsaturated Sulfones and its Synthetic Application
Authors: Hata Takeshi , Nakada Takuya , Oh Yun Taek , Hirone Naoki , Urabe Hirokazu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe iron‐catalyzed δ‐addition of aryl‐Grignard reagents to α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated sulfones proceeded in a regio‐ and stereoselective manner to give cis‐4‐aryl‐2‐alkenyl sulfones. Allylic alkylation of the resultant products was performed without isomerization of the cis‐olefin to give cis‐4‐aryl‐1,1‐dialkyl‐2‐alkenyl sulfones, which upon intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction with aluminum chloride gave 1,4‐dihydronaphthalenes having a quaternary carbon center.
General Method of Synthesis for Naloxone, Naltrexone, Nalbuphone, and Nalbuphine by the Reaction of Grignard Reagents with an Oxazolidine Derived from Oxymorphone
Authors: Endoma‐Arias Mary Ann A. , Cox D. Phillip , Hudlicky Tomas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe N‐oxide of O‐acyloxymorphone, when treated with the Burgess reagent, provides the corresponding oxazolidine in a one‐pot sequence and in excellent yield. The oxazolidine derived from oxymorphone, temporarily protected at O‐3 and C‐6, reacts with Grignard reagents to provide directly N‐allyl, N‐cyclopropylmethyl, and N‐cyclobutylmethyl derivatives that are further converted to the title compounds, namely naltrexone, naloxone, nalbuphone, and nalbuphine in excellent yields. Each of these medicinal agents is obtained from the oxazolidine in a one‐pot sequence. Complete spectral and experimental data are provided for all compounds.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines through Tandem Imine Formation‐Oxidative Cyclization under Ambient Air: One‐Step Synthesis of Zolimidine on a Gram‐Scale
Authors: Bagdi Avik Kumar , Rahman Matiur , Santra Sougata , Majee Adinath , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new copper‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization via CH amination between 2‐aminopyridines and methyl aryl/heteroaryl ketones has been developed under ambient air. Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines containing a wide range of functional groups have been synthesized from basic and easily available starting materials. This simple, one‐pot reaction protocol is applicable for the direct preparation of zolimidine (a marketed antiulcer drug) on a large scale.
Interaction between noise and cigarette smoking for the outcome of hearing loss among women: A population‐based study
Authors: Ferrite Silvia , Santana Vilma S. , Marshall Stephen W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the interaction between exposure to noise and smoking in relation to prevalence of hearing loss among women.MethodsA sample of women aged 20–49 years (n = 1,723) from a population‐based cross‐sectional study carried out in Brazil in 2006 was examined. Hearing loss was assessed using a yes–no validated question. Biological interaction was analyzed using the additive scale and measured with interaction contrast ratio (ICR) and assessment of dose–response relationship.ResultsThe combined effect of exposure to noise and cigarette smoking on hearing loss (adjusted prevalence ratio (PRadj) = 3.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.81, 5.52) was greater than expected based on the additive single effects of smoking (PRadj = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.81) and noise (PRadj = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.86, 3.82). ICR estimates were not statistically significant. The prevalence of hearing loss among noise‐exposed women increased with duration of smoking (P trend = 0.026), number of cigarettes smoked per day (P trend = 0.034), cumulative tobacco use (P trend = 0.030), and early age at smoking initiation (P trend = 0.047).ConclusionsNoise and smoking may have a combined effect on hearing loss but further studies are still needed. A dose–response relation of smoking for the noise effect among women is suggested. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1213–1220, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mobility histories of 7th–9th century AD people buried at early medieval Bamburgh, Northumberland, England
Authors: Groves S.E. , Roberts C.A. , Lucy S. , Pearson G. , Gröcke D.R. , Nowell G. , Macpherson C.G. , Young G. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTEarly Medieval England is described historically as a time when people migrated from the Continent to English shores. This study tests the hypothesis that those buried in the Bowl Hole cemetery, Bamburgh, Northumberland were nonlocally born, because of its royal status. Ninety‐one male and female adult, and nonadult, skeletons were studied. Isotope ratios of strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (δ18O) were generated for 78 individuals (28 females, 27 males, five “adults,” 18 nonadults). The mean Sr value for human enamel was 0.71044, standard deviation (sd) 0.001, and the mean O (δw) value is −5.9‰, sd 1.6‰. Additionally, animal tooth enamel (mean Sr value 0.710587, sd 0.001; mean O value −6.5‰, sd 1.5‰), local soil (mean Sr value 0.709184, sd 0.0006), snail shells (mean Sr value 0.708888, sd 0.0001), and soil samples from a 5 km transect heading inland (mean Sr value 0.709121, sd 0.0003), were analyzed for an indication of the isotopic composition of bioavailable Sr in the modern environment and to assess the impact of sea‐spray; water samples from a well, local rivers, and standing water were analyzed for local δ18O values (mean O value −6.4‰, relative to VSMOW, sd 2.8‰). Over 50% of those buried at Bamburgh were nonlocal. All ages and both sexes produced “nonlocal” signatures; some suggested childhood origins in Scandinavia, the southern Mediterranean or North Africa. Stature and other indicators of health status indicated differences in quality of life between local and migrant groups. These differences did not extend to burial practices. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:462–476, 2013.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CCL19, a B Cell Chemokine, Is Related to the Decrease of Blood Memory B Cells and Predicts the Clinical Response to Rituximab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sellam Jérémie , Rouanet Stéphanie , Hendel‐Chavez Houria , Miceli‐Richard Corinne , Combe Bernard , Sibilia Jean , Le Loët Xavier , Tebib Jacques , Jourdan Rosemary , Dougados Maxime , Taoufik Yassine , Mariette Xavier 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveMigration of B cells from peripheral blood to the synovium in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may predict clinical response to rituximab (RTX). We undertook this study to investigate whether serum levels of chemokines involved in B cell trafficking are correlated with blood levels of memory B cells or serum levels of B cell activation biomarkers before B cell depletion and whether chemokine levels predict RTX responsiveness.MethodsBlood B cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry (CD27, IgD), and serum B cell activation biomarkers (rheumatoid factor, anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide, free light chains, IgG, IgA, IgM, and BAFF) were measured in 208 RA patients and 70 control subjects. Serum CCL19, CXCL12, and CXCL13 chemokine levels in patients and controls were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The first course of RTX was administered to RA patients, and the response was evaluated at week 24 according to European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria. Results were expressed as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsLevels of all chemokines were increased in RA patients compared with controls, and levels were inversely correlated with CD27+ memory B cell frequency. CCL19 and CXCL13 levels correlated with levels of 6 serum B cell biomarkers and 4 serum B cell biomarkers, respectively. By univariate analysis, the CCL19 level was positively associated with EULAR response (OR 1.43 [95% CI 1.08–1.90], P = 0.01). By multivariate analysis, the CCL19 level was predictive of a response to RTX (OR 1.48 [95% CI 1.06–2.06], P = 0.02), but this did not persist after adjustment for autoantibody status.ConclusionCXCL13 and CCL19 reflect blood B cell disturbances and their levels correlate with those of other serum B cell biomarkers. CXCL13 and CCL19 are, therefore, surrogate measures for serum B cell biomarkers in RA. Serum CCL19 measurement is a new hallmark of the B cell–mediated RA subtype and may predict clinical response to RTX.
Patellofemoral Joint Loading During Stair Ambulation in People With Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis
Authors: Fok Laurence A. , Schache Anthony G. , Crossley Kay M. , Lin Yi‐Chung , Pandy Marcus G. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo determine whether people with patellofemoral (PF) joint osteoarthritis (OA) ascend and descend stairs with different PF joint loading, knee joint moments, lower limb kinematics, and muscle forces compared to healthy people.MethodsWe recruited 17 participants with isolated PF joint OA, 13 participants with concurrent PF joint OA and tibiofemoral (TF) joint OA, and 21 age‐matched controls. Joint kinematics and ground reaction forces were measured while participants ascended and descended stairs at a self‐selected speed. Musculoskeletal computer modeling was used to determine lower limb muscle forces and the PF joint reaction force, and these parameters were compared between groups by analysis of variance.ResultsCompared to their healthy counterparts, participants with isolated PF joint OA and participants with concurrent PF and TF joint OA ascended and descended stairs with lower knee extension moments, lower quadriceps muscle forces, lower PF joint reaction forces, and increased anterior pelvic tilt. Participants with OA also ascended stairs with increased hip flexion angles and descended stairs with smaller knee flexion angles and smaller hip abductor muscle forces. No differences were evident between the two groups with OA.ConclusionCompared to their healthy counterparts, people with PF joint OA (with or without concurrent TF joint OA) exhibit lower PF joint reaction forces during stair ascent and descent, in conjunction with lower knee extension moments and lower quadriceps muscle forces.
Doxycycline‐Induced Expression of Transgenic Human Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Adult Mice Results in Psoriasis‐like Arthritis
Authors: Retser Eugen , Schied Tanja , Skryabin Boris V. , Vogl Thomas , Kanczler Janos M. , Hamann Nina , Niehoff Anja , Hermann Sven , Eisenblätter Michel , Wachsmuth Lydia , Pap Thomas , van Lent Peter L. E. M. , Loser Karin , Roth Johannes , Zaucke Frank , Ludwig Stephan , Wixler Viktor 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo generate doxycycline‐inducible human tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–transgenic mice to overcome a major disadvantage of existing transgenic mice with constitutive expression of TNFα, which is the limitation in crossing them with various knockout or transgenic mice.MethodsA transgenic mouse line that expresses the human TNFα cytokine exclusively after doxycycline administration was generated and analyzed for the onset of diseases.ResultsDoxycycline‐inducible human TNFα–transgenic mice developed an inflammatory arthritis– and psoriasis‐like phenotype, with fore and hind paws being prominently affected. The formation of “sausage digits” with characteristic involvement of the distal interphalangeal joints and nail malformation was observed. Synovial hyperplasia, enthesitis, cartilage and bone alterations, formation of pannus tissue, and inflammation of the skin epidermis and nail matrix appeared as early as 1 week after the treatment of mice with doxycycline and became aggravated over time. The abrogation of human TNFα expression by the removal of doxycycline 6 weeks after beginning stimulation resulted in fast resolution of the most advanced macroscopic and histologic disorders, and 3–6 weeks later, only minimal signs of disease were visible.ConclusionUpon doxycycline administration, the doxycycline‐inducible human TNFα–transgenic mouse displays the major features of inflammatory arthritis. It represents a unique animal model for studying the molecular mechanisms of arthritis, especially the early phases of disease genesis and tissue remodeling steps upon abrogation of TNFα expression. Furthermore, unlimited crossing of doxycycline‐inducible human TNFα–transgenic mice with various knockout or transgenic mice opens new possibilities for unraveling the role of various signaling molecules acting in concert with TNFα.
Brief Report: Interferon‐α Induction and Detection of Anti‐Ro, Anti‐La, Anti‐Sm, and Anti‐RNP Autoantibodies by Autoantigen Microarray Analysis in Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Balboni Imelda , Niewold Timothy B. , Morgan Gabrielle , Limb Cindy , Eloranta Maija‐Leena , Rönnblom Lars , Utz Paul J. , Pachman Lauren M. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate serum interferon‐α (IFNα) activity in the context of autoantibody profiles in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM).MethodsSera from 36 patients with JDM were analyzed. Autoantibody profiles were determined by probing microarrays, which were fabricated with ∼80 distinct autoantigens, with serum and a Cy3‐conjugated secondary antibody. Arrays were scanned and analyzed to determine antigen reactivity. Serum IFNα activity was measured using a functional reporter cell assay. Sera were assayed alone or in combination with cellular material released from necrotic U937 cells to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors in vitro, and IFNα production in culture was measured by a dissociation‐enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay (DELFIA).ResultsReactivity against at least 1 of 41 autoantigens on the microarray, including Ro 52, Ro 60, La, Sm, and RNP, was observed in 75% of the serum samples from patients with JDM. IFNα activity was detected in 7 samples by reporter cell assay. The reporter cell assay showed a significant association of reactivity against Ro, La, Sm, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen with serum IFNα activity (P = 0.005). Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) identified increased reactivity against Sm, RNP, Ro 52, U1‐C, and Mi‐2 in these sera. Sixteen samples induced IFNα production as measured by DELFIA, and there was a significant association of reactivity against Ro, La, Sm, and RNP with the induction of IFNα by serum and necrotic cell material (P = 0.034). SAM identified increased reactivity against Ro 60 in these sera.ConclusionThese data support the hypothesis that nucleic acid–associated autoantibodies, including the Ro/La and Sm/RNP complexes, may stimulate the production of active IFNα in children with JDM.
Pyrenoimidazole‐Based Deep‐Blue‐Emitting Materials: Optical, Electrochemical, and Electroluminescent Characteristics
Authors: Kumar Dhirendra , Thomas K. R. Justin , Lin Ching‐Chiao , Jou Jwo‐Huei 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA series of pyrenoimidazoles that contained various functional chromophores, such as anthracene, pyrene, triphenylamine, carbazole, and fluorene, were synthesized and characterized by optical, electrochemical, and theoretical studies. The absorption spectra of the dyes are dominated by electronic transitions that arise from the pyrenoimidazole core and the additional chromophore. All of the dyes exhibited blue‐light photoluminescence with moderate‐to‐high quantum efficiencies. They also displayed high thermal stability and their thermal‐decomposition temperatures fell within the range 462–512 °C; the highest decomposition temperature was recorded for a carbazole‐containing dye. The oxidation propensity of the dyes increased on the introduction of electron‐rich chromophores, such as triphenylamine or carbazole. The application of selected dyes that featured additional chromophores such as pyrene, carbazole, and triphenylamine as blue‐emissive dopants into multilayered organic light‐emitting diodes with a 4,4′‐bis(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)biphenyl (CBP) host was investigated. Devices that were based on triphenylamine‐ and carbazole‐containing dyes exhibited deep‐blue emission (CIE 0.157, 0.054 and 0.163, 0.041), whereas a device that was based on a pyrene‐containing dye showed a bright‐blue emission (CIE 0.156, 0.135).
High‐throughput screening for transglutaminase activities using recombinant fluorescent proteins
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hun , Song Eunjung , Lee Sun‐Gu , Kim Byung‐Gee 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTSince detailed evaluation of specific transglutaminases (TGs) from various species requires identification of their substrate specificities, rapid substrate screening method by measurement of their relative activities is in great demand. Here, a novel evaluation method of TG activity was developed using two recombinant fluorescent proteins (FPs), that is, eYFP and DsRed, tagged with TG substrate peptides. By cross‐linking the two FPs based on the tagged target peptide sequences at their C‐terminus, the expression of co‐transformed TG allows quenching of the yellow fluorescence intensities. It was shown that the degree of in vivo fluorescent quenching by the TG activity agrees well with its in vitro reaction data, suggesting that this system can be used to identify relative substrate specificity of TGs for target peptide sequences. Using this method, the lysine substrates of TGs from Bacillus species (BTG) were evaluated, and the newly selected pentapeptide, KTKTN showed almost the same reactivity with the well‐known hexa‐lysine (K6) substrate for BTG reaction. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 2865–2873. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Fully Automated Ad‐ and Desorption Method for Resin and Solvent Screening
Authors: Schuldt S. , Schembecker G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAd‐ and desorption are common techniques for the purification of natural substances. The main drawback is the tedious experimental procedure for resin and solvent screening. An approach of fully automated batch experiments is presented. In order to fulfill all requirements like automation of flexible dosing of loose resins, handling organic solvents, and providing reproducible conditions, these experiments are performed on a custom‐built modular robotic platform. The batch ad‐ and desorption experiments were fully automated for the determination of essential process parameters like kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic parameters without the need of manual intervention. Thus, the hands‐on time could be significantly reduced by more than 90 % which contributes to improved health and safety outcome by preventing the contact of operators to potentially hazardous materials.
Molecular‐Level Understanding of the Carbonisation of Polysaccharides
Authors: Shuttleworth Peter S. , Budarin Vitaliy , White Robin J. , Gun'ko Vladimir M. , Luque Rafael , Clark James H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnderstanding of both the textural and functionality changes occurring during (mesoporous) polysaccharide carbonisation at the molecular level provides a deeper insight into the whole spectrum of material properties, from chemical activity to pore shape and surface energy, which is crucial for the successful application of carbonaceous materials in adsorption, catalysis and chromatography. Obtained information will help to identify the most appropriate applications of the carbonaceous material generated during torrefaction and different types of pyrolysis processes and therefore will be important for the development of cost‐ and energy‐efficient zero‐waste biorefineries. The presented approach is informative and semi‐quantitative with the potential to be extended to the formation of other biomass‐derived carbonaceous materials.
Stereodivergent Synthesis of Piperidine Alkaloids by Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis/Reductive Lactam Alkylation of Nitroso Diels–Alder Cycloadducts
Authors: Vincent Guillaume , Karila Delphine , Khalil Georges , Sancibrao Pierre , Gori Didier , Kouklovsky Cyrille 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA general methodology for the stereoselective synthesis of 2‐(2‐hydroxyalkyl)piperidine alkaloids by ring‐rearrangement metathesis of nitroso Diels–Alder cycloadducts is reported. The approach is illustrated by the formal synthesis of porantheridine and the total synthesis of andrachcinidine through a diastereodivergent allylation of an N‐alkoxy bicyclic lactam. The asymmetric synthesis of the latter alkaloid provides new insights into the configurational stability of cycloadducts between chloronitroso reagents and cyclopentadiene.