bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting Knowledge and Practice: The Postgraduate Course in Dentistry in Public Health at Unified Health System - A Journey of Transformative Integration
Authors: Pereira Afonso Luís Puig , Palacio Danielle da Costa , Ramos Danielle Viana Ribeiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To explore the perspectives of teachers, students, preceptors, managers and the community regarding the teaching-learning process, while analyzing the teaching-service-management-community integration through Unified Health System internships in a graduate specialization course in public health dentistry.
Methodology
This study originated from a pedagogical activity that took place in the territories served by Basic Health Units in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The participants included teachers, students, preceptors, managers, and residents of the community where internship activities occurred, covering all aspects of the teaching-service-management-community integration. The research utilized convenience sampling and performed descriptive analyses of demographic data, as well as thematic content analysis of qualitative data.
Results
There was little ethnic representation: professors were predominantly white men; students and health professionals were mostly white women; and community residents were mostly white or brown men. Qualitatively, there was a good connection between teachers, students, and health professionals, with an emphasis on strategies of territory recognition, collective action, and home visits that favored the teaching-service-management-community integration for training in public health. Public policy supports this integration, but sectoral management is disconnected from the training process, as is the community.
Conclusion
Social inequalities are mirrored in education, and thus ethnic representation can contribute to bridging this gap. The teaching-service-management-community integration, in this experience, depends on the pedagogical interface between the educational institution and health professionals, and it shows some distancing from management with little community awareness of the training processes.
The gains associated with caregiving (GAC) scale: reliability and validity of the Chinese version
Authors: XIAO Hongmei , LIU Shuai , WANG Zhiwen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This article describes the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the gains associated with caregiving (GAC) scale. This tool is designed to measure self-reported gains experienced by caregivers of people with dementia. The adaptation process entailed back-translation and validation by a committee of experts. Content validity was analyzed using the content validity coefficient, and construct validity was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the scale was evaluated by using Cronbach’s α coefficient and the test-retest reliability coefficient. With a cross-sectional study design, we invited caregivers of people with dementia to complete the Chinese version of the GAC scale. Factor analysis suggested a four-factor solution in which all 27 items were retained, accounting for 65.76% of the variance. The Cronbach’s α was 0.968, and the retest reliability coefficient was 0.886. The Chinese version of the GAC scale appears to be a valid and reliable scale for assessing gains in family nursing practice proficiency.
Extraction of Deterioration and Analysis of Vegetation Impact Effects on the South Palace Wall of Weiyang Palace
Authors: Gao Sheng , Tao Liang , Chen Fulong , Zhou Xiaochen , Shi Pilong , Yao Xun , Zhu Meng , Li Wenbo , Zhou Wei , Luo Yansong , Li Hongqiang , Chen Caiyan , Zhang Xinru 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Weiyang Palace, as the royal palace of the Western Han Dynasty, is a part of the Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor on the World Heritage list. The south palace wall of Weiyang Palace is a well-preserved earthen site within the palace, but it is undergoing continuous deterioration due to the influence of vegetation and external environmental factors. This study pioneers the integration of high-resolution three-dimensional LiDAR scanning with multi-source data analysis, including unprecedented on-site botanical surveys, to elucidate the nuanced impacts of different vegetation types on the structural integrity of the south palace wall. Through contour line analysis and facade grid analysis, we extracted the deterioration locations of typical sections of the earthen sites. And we classified the overlying vegetation types on the wall using an object-oriented classification algorithm. Our findings reveal a complex interaction between vegetation and earthen structures: paper mulberry exhibits protective qualities against erosion, while ziziphus jujuba significantly exacerbates structural vulnerabilities by inducing cracks. Methods employed in this study for extracting earthen site deterioration and combining multi-source spatial data analysis can serve as a technical application model for monitoring and analyzing the driving forces of surface earthen sites along the entire Silk Road network, thereby better guiding the conservation of earthen sites.
Sequencing-based study of neural induction of human dental pulp stem cell
Authors: Takaoka Shohei , Uchida Fumihiko , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Toyomura Junko , Ohyama Akihiro , Matsumura Hideaki , Hiorata Koji , Fukuzawa Satoshi , Kanno Naomi Ishibashi , Marushima Aiki , Yamagata Kenji , Yanagawa Toru , Matsumaru Yuji , Ishikawa Eiichi , Bukawa Hiroki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Techniques for triggering neural differentiation of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells into neural stem cells and neurons have been established. However, neural induction in mesenchymal stem cells, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), has been assessed primarily based on neural-related gene regulation, and detailed research into characteristics and differentiation status of cells is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cellular components and differentiation pathways of neural lineage cells obtained via neural induction of human DPSCs. Human DPSCs were induced to neural cells in monolayer culture and examined for gene expression and mechanisms using microarray-based ingenuity pathway analysis. Additionally, the neural lineage cells were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to classify cell populations based on gene expression profiles and elucidate their differentiation pathways. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that genes exhibiting marked post-neuronal induction overexpression, such as FABP7 and ZIC1, were associated with neurogenesis. Furthermore, in canonical pathway analysis, axon guidance signals demonstrated maximum activation. The scRNA-seq and cell type annotations evidenced the presence of neural progenitor cells, astrocytes, neurons, and a small number of non-neural lineage cells. Moreover, trajectory and pseudotime analyses demonstrated that the neural progenitor cells initially engendered neurons, which subsequently differentiated into astrocytes. This result indicates that the aforementioned neural induction strategy generated neural stem/progenitor cells from DPSCs, which might differentiate and proliferate to constitute neural lineage cells. Therefore, neural induction of DPSCs may present an alternative approach to pluripotent stem cell-based therapeutic interventions for nervous system disorder.
Breastfeeding frequency and incidence of type 2 diabetes among women with previous gestational diabetes compared to those without: a historical cohort study in the UK
Authors: Eades Claire , Hoddinott Pat , Cameron Dawn , Evans Josie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
There is a growing body of research to suggest that women with gestational diabetes are less likely to initiate and continue breastfeeding than those who have not had however findings are mixed. There is limited research in the UK assessing the frequency of breastfeeding in women with gestational diabetes, none reporting the association of breastfeeding with incidence of type 2 diabetes and existing research has not adequately adjusted for potential confounders. This study aims to assess frequency of breastfeeding among women with gestational diabetes compared to those without, and to explore how breastfeeding influences risk of future type 2 diabetes in women with gestational diabetes while adjusting for known confounders.
Methods
Historical cohort study using routinely collected health care data from Fife and Tayside Health Boards, Scotland, UK including all women diagnosed with gestational diabetes between 1993 and 2015 and a matched comparator cohort (n = 4,968). Women with gestational diabetes were followed up until a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, the end of the study, or date of death. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for breastfeeding for the whole sample and the association between breastfeeding and development of type 2 diabetes in women with gestational diabetes was assessed by Cox regression.
Results
Women with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes, who were younger, overweight/obese or living in the most deprived areas were significantly less likely to exclusively breastfeed for a duration of longer than eight weeks. Risk of developing type 2 diabetes among women with gestational diabetes was significantly higher for those who exclusively breastfed less than 8 weeks, lived in the most deprived areas or had a family history of diabetes.
Conclusions
This study confirms the important role of a short duration of exclusive breastfeeding in protecting women with gestational diabetes against type 2 diabetes but highlights the challenges to breastfeeding in this group. Interventions are needed to support breastfeeding among women with gestational diabetes that are acceptable to younger, overweight/obese women living in deprived areas.
Design and Implementation of Wideband Fractal MIMO Antenna for 6G THz Systems
Authors: Ka'bi Amin Al 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Numerical optimization of antenna characteristics is an efficient tool to obtain optimal antenna designs with lower sizes, higher gains and wider bandwidths. This paper presents a design and implementation of an antenna prototype based on numerical investigation and optimization of a two-element MIMO antenna model that provides these features. The proposed model has two square fractal metamaterial patches with dimensions of 130 × 65 µm2, and it operates in the THz frequency band. The antenna dimensions are all optimized to provide the optimal characteristics in terms of gain, bandwidth and scattering parameters. In this article, the proposed design is examined from several perspectives, for example, the performance of the MIMO antenna model and the single-element antenna model are analyzed and compared. It is found that the proposed model provides an output gain of 11.1 dBi and a two frequency bands with bandwidths of 18.1 THz and 21.2 THz, with an expansion of 114% and 57% respectively. This design has a gain of 5.18 dBi and measures 130 × 65 µm2. A comparative analysis is conducted between the two-element fractal MIMO design, the O-shaped single element antenna model, with other designs introduced in the literature. The proposed antenna design has high gain, wide operating bandwidths which are essential requirements of 6G mobile communication technology.
Impact of heavy metals on serum vitamin D3 and PTH in fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis and their correlation to disease activity
Authors: Haddad Rana , Elbeialy Adel , Sawy Soaad El , Elzomor Hala 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Environmental pollution of heavy metals is increasingly a problem and has become of great concern due to the adverse effects it causes worldwide. Heavy metal exposure has been implicated in health problems, including fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis. We aim to evaluate the rule of heavy metals chronic toxicity on the induction of vitamin D3 (VD) deficiency and parathyroid hormone (PTH) disturbances in fibromyalgia (FMS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and their correlation to their disease activity.
Methods
This case-controlled study was conducted on sixty adults (age ≥ 18 years). Participants were divided into three groups. Group I: twenty patients diagnosed with RA according to the specific ACR/EULAR criteria for RA. Group II: twenty patients diagnosed with FMS according to the specific 2010 (ACR) criteria for FMS. Group III: twenty healthy adults. All patients and controls were subjected to routine laboratory tests as well as the measurement of PTH, VD and estimation of serum levels of lead, cadmium, and chromium.
Results
VD was significantly inversely correlated to PTH, lead, cadmium, chromium, and activity scores in the RA and FMS groups. Lead, Cadmium and Chromium had a significant independent risk on the VD level in RA patients, while lead had a significant independent risk on the VD level in FMS patients.
Conclusion
Heavy metals may affect VD synthesis, leading to hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism in RA and FMS patients. Heavy metals play a key role in the pathogenesis of RA, FMS, and disease activity.
Heterogenous Expression and Purification of Lipid II Flippase from
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zheng Yuan Yuan , Chung Wai-Hong , Leung Yun-Chung , Wong Kwok-Yin 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen with strains that are
resistant to existing antibiotics. MurJ from S. aureus (SaMurJ), an integral membrane protein
functioning as Lipid II flippase, is a potential target for developing new antibacterial agents against
this pathogen. Successful expression and purification of this protein shall be useful in the
development of drugs against this target.

Objective:
In this study, we demonstrated the optimized expression and purification procedures of
SaMurJ, identified suitable detergent for extracting and solubilizing the protein, and examined the
peptidisc system to generate a detergent-free environment.

Methods::
SaMurJ fused with N-terminal ten-His tag was expressed without induction. Six
detergents were selected for screening the most efficient candidate for extraction and solubilization
of the protein. The thermostability of the detergent-solubilized protein was assessed by evaluated
temperature incubation. Different ratios of peptidisc bi-helical peptide (NSPr) to SaMurJ were
mixed and the on-bead peptidisc assembly method was applied.

Results:
SaMurJ expressed in BL21(DE3) was confirmed by peptide fingerprinting, with a yield of
1 mg SaMurJ per liter culture. DDM was identified as the optimum detergent for solubilization and
the nickel affinity column enabled SaMurJ purification with a purity of ~88%. However, NSPr
could not stabilize SaMurJ.

Conclusion:
The expression and purification of SaMurJ were successful, with high purity and
good yield. SaMurJ can be solubilized and stabilized by a DDM-containing buffer.
Overview of Spanlastics: A Groundbreaking Elastic Medication Delivery Device with Versatile Prospects for Administration via Various Routes
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Rana Ritesh , Kukreti Gauree , Aggarwal Vikas , Chaurasia Himanshu , Sharma Puneet , Jyothiraditya Vuluchala 
Published: July 2024

:
When compared to the challenges associated with traditional dosage forms, medication delivery
systems based on nanotechnology have been a huge boon. One such candidate for medication delivery is
spanlastics, an elastic nanovesicle that can transport a diverse array of medicinal compounds. The use of spanlastics
has been associated with an increase in interest in alternative administration methods. The non-ionic
surfactant or surfactant blend is the main component of spanlastics. The purpose of this review was primarily
to examine the potential of spanlastics as a delivery system for a variety of medication classes administered
via diverse routes. Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Pubmed were utilized to search the academic literature
for this review. Several studies have demonstrated that spanlastics greatly improve therapeutic effectiveness,
increase medication absorption, and decrease drug toxicity. This paper provides a summary of the composition
and structure of spanlastics along with their utility in the delivery of various therapeutic agents by adopting
different routes. Additionally, it provides an overview of the numerous disorders that may be treated using
drugs that are contained in spanlastic vesicles.
Multitarget Compounds for Neglected Diseases: A Review
Authors: de Sousa Natália Ferreira , de Sousa Gabriela Ribeiro , de Lima Natanael Teles Ramos , de Assis Edileuza Bezerra , Aragão Mariana Costa , de Moura Érika Paiva , Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi , Scotti Marcus Tullius , Scotti Luciana 
Published: July 2024

:
Neglected diseases are a group of infectious diseases, many of them parasitic, that mainly affect the poorest populations with limited access to health services, especially those living in remote rural areas and slums. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), neglected diseases put the lives of more than 200 million people at risk, and treatment is made difficult by the occurrence of resistance to existing medications, as well as the high level of toxicity. In this way, the potential of multitarget compounds is highlighted, defined as compounds designed to modulate multiple targets of relevance to disease, with the overall goal of enhancing efficacy and/or improving safety. Thus, the objective of our study is to evaluate existing multi-target compound approaches for neglected diseases, with an emphasis on Leishmaniasis, Chagas Disease, and Arboviruses. A literature review was performed by searching the database “Web of Sciences”. In relation to the diseases covered in this work, Leishmaniasis, individually, was the one that presented the largest number of articles (11) that dealt with the topic, which can be justi-fied by the high prevalence of this disease in the world, the second most common disease was Dengue, followed by Chagas disease, Chikungunya virus, and Zika virus. Furthermore, the multi-target potential of phenolic compounds was observed in all diseases under study, with the mecha-nisms related to the nucleus and transcription being the most reported mechanisms. From this per-spective, it is worth highlighting the effectiveness of approaches related to multitarget drugs in discovering new therapeutic agents for neglected diseases.
Knowledge about HIV and Stigmatizing Attitudes of Medical Students in Saudi Arabia Towards Patients with HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study
Authors: Hakami Ehab F. , Alghamdi Abdulaziz M. , Alwayel Zahraa Ali , Hakami Fatimah , Almurakshi Muhjah M. , Alghamdi Ohoud A. , Ghazzawi Manar A. , Alhazmi Abdulaziz H. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the social stigma directed
toward patients with HIV are serious public health issues. We aimed to evaluate the HIV
knowledge base and stigmatizing attitudes toward patients with HIV among students enrolled in
medical schools in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included students at medical colleges in Saudi Arabia and
was conducted between February and March 2023. We used non-random convenience sampling
with an online chain referral via a validated Arabic questionnaire composed of 35 questions. Data
were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics.

Results:
A total of 1,213 medical students (women: 56.6%) participated in the study. Students in
clinical years had a higher level of HIV knowledge than their pre-clinical colleagues. Logistic regression
analysis revealed that participants who gave incorrect answers to questions related to
mother-to-child and casual contact HIV transmission had a higher likelihood of harboring a negative
attitude towards patients with HIV. Conversely, those who correctly answered queries on prevention
and treatment were less likely to have stigmatizing attitudes. A significant proportion of
this cohort harbored negative attitudes toward patients with HIV, with the sex and geographic location
of participants being significant predictors of negative attitudes.

Conclusion:
Our data have revealed a significant percentage of medical students in Saudi Arabia
to have misconceptions about HIV transmission and prevention, and stigmatizing attitudes toward
patients with HIV, indicating a need for targeted interventions to enhance the HIV knowledge
base in this population of future caregivers.
Electronic Health Record–Oriented Knowledge Graph System for Collaborative Clinical Decision Support Using Multicenter Fragmented Medical Data: Design and Application Study
Authors: Shang Yong , Tian Yu , Lyu Kewei , Zhou Tianshu , Zhang Ping , Chen Jianghua , Li Jingsong 
Published: July 2024

Background
The medical knowledge graph provides explainable decision support, helping clinicians with prompt diagnosis and treatment suggestions. However, in real-world clinical practice, patients visit different hospitals seeking various medical services, resulting in fragmented patient data across hospitals. With data security issues, data fragmentation limits the application of knowledge graphs because single-hospital data cannot provide complete evidence for generating precise decision support and comprehensive explanations. It is important to study new methods for knowledge graph systems to integrate into multicenter, information-sensitive medical environments, using fragmented patient records for decision support while maintaining data privacy and security.

Objective
This study aims to propose an electronic health record (EHR)–oriented knowledge graph system for collaborative reasoning with multicenter fragmented patient medical data, all the while preserving data privacy.

Methods
The study introduced an EHR knowledge graph framework and a novel collaborative reasoning process for utilizing multicenter fragmented information. The system was deployed in each hospital and used a unified semantic structure and Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) vocabulary to standardize the local EHR data set. The system transforms local EHR data into semantic formats and performs semantic reasoning to generate intermediate reasoning findings. The generated intermediate findings used hypernym concepts to isolate original medical data. The intermediate findings and hash-encrypted patient identities were synchronized through a blockchain network. The multicenter intermediate findings were collaborated for final reasoning and clinical decision support without gathering original EHR data.

Results
The system underwent evaluation through an application study involving the utilization of multicenter fragmented EHR data to alert non-nephrology clinicians about overlooked patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study covered 1185 patients in nonnephrology departments from 3 hospitals. The patients visited at least two of the hospitals. Of these, 124 patients were identified as meeting CKD diagnosis criteria through collaborative reasoning using multicenter EHR data, whereas the data from individual hospitals alone could not facilitate the identification of CKD in these patients. The assessment by clinicians indicated that 78/91 (86%) patients were CKD positive.

Conclusions
The proposed system was able to effectively utilize multicenter fragmented EHR data for clinical application. The application study showed the clinical benefits of the system with prompt and comprehensive decision support.