bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sicker and Poorer
Authors: Yin Na 
Published: February 2015

Purpose: Disabled individuals younger than 65 years are entitled to Medicare coverage through the Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) program, but only if they have completed a 2-year waiting period. This is the first study that uses longitudinal panel data, the Health and Retirement Study, and examines whether and to what extent the health and economic status are affected among disability beneficiaries who are uninsured during the Medicare waiting period. Methods: In a quasiexperiment research design, using a difference-in-difference (diff-in-diff) estimator, we compare changes in health and economic outcomes pre-/postentering the DI program for disability beneficiaries with alternative public health insurance and those without. Results: The adjusted diff-in-diff estimates suggest that disability beneficiaries who are uninsured during the waiting period, compared to those who are insured, are 13.6 percentage point more likely to report poor health, 6.3 percentage point less likely to be in excellent health, declare more difficulties in activities of daily living, and 30% higher medical expenditures from out of pocket. Conclusions: The findings highlight punitive health and economic effects of the Medicare waiting period for uninsured disability beneficiaries. We also discuss the implications of the findings for the Affordable Care Act reform.
Copy number variation and brain structure: lessons learned from chromosome 16p11.2
Authors: Stein Jason L 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRecent work has linked specific genetic variation found in human populations to risk for developing neuropsychiatric diseases. How that risk is mediated through molecular-, cellular- and systems-level mechanisms now becomes the central question in this field. Two recent papers studying high-penetrance copy number variation at chromosome 16p11.2 find large changes in brain structure, refining hypotheses about the regions of the brain that are affected and implicating specific neurodevelopmental processes in these changes.
Contribution of soil esterase to biodegradation of aliphatic polyester agricultural mulch film in cultivated soils
Authors: Yamamoto-Tamura Kimiko , Hiradate Syuntaro , Watanabe Takashi , Koitabashi Motoo , Sameshima-Yamashita Yuka , Yarimizu Tohru , Kitamoto Hiroko 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The relationship between degradation speed of soil-buried biodegradable polyester film in a farmland and the characteristics of the predominant polyester-degrading soil microorganisms and enzymes were investigated to determine the BP-degrading ability of cultivated soils through characterization of the basal microbial activities and their transition in soils during BP film degradation. Degradation of poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) film was evaluated in soil samples from different cultivated fields in Japan for 4 weeks. Both the degradation speed of the PBSA film and the esterase activity were found to be correlated with the ratio of colonies that produced clear zone on fungal minimum medium-agarose plate with emulsified PBSA to the total number colonies counted. Time-dependent change in viable counts of the PBSA-degrading fungi and esterase activities were monitored in soils where buried films showed the most and the least degree of degradation. During the degradation of PBSA film, the viable counts of the PBSA-degrading fungi and the esterase activities in soils, which adhered to the PBSA film, increased with time. The soil, where the film was degraded the fastest, recorded large PBSA-degrading fungal population and showed high esterase activity compared with the other soil samples throughout the incubation period. Meanwhile, esterase activity and viable counts of PBSA-degrading fungi were found to be stable in soils without PBSA film. These results suggest that the higher the distribution ratio of native PBSA-degrading fungi in the soil, the faster the film degradation is. This could be due to the rapid accumulation of secreted esterases in these soils.
Application of BIM coordination technology to HSR Changhua station
Authors: Lee Weilun , Kang Szumin , Moh Richard , Wu Robert , Hsieh Hungchang , Shu Zhehua 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe arising trend of building information modeling technology application with innovative and revolutionary approach has changed the workflow and deliberation in A/E/C industry. By considering the condensed schedule of the project, operation safety, and information correctness during design and construction stages, Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation (THSRC) brings BIM technology into Changhua Station construction project. The accumulated massive information helps engineers to coordinate design information among different expertise (architecture, structure, MEP, etc.) into BIM model at earlier phases. The effectiveness of BIM coordination technology increases the design quality and reduces significantly the conflicts of various interfaces. Three-dimension visualized interface increases the problem solving efficiency. During construction stage, construction information is integrated by the model to enhance fluency of construction process among different construction sectors. Application of BIM coordination technology reduces information gap, enhances construction quality and meets the schedule.
A Hybrid BCI speller based on the combination of EMG envelopes and SSVEP
Authors: Lin Ke , Chen Xiaogang , Huang Xiaoshan , Ding Qiang , Gao Xiaorong 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to Hybrid Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). In this study, we developed a hybrid BCI speller that simultaneously utilized information from both hand Electromyography (EMG) and SSVEP. This cross-modal BCI speller could increase the target number so as to enhance the information transfer rate (ITR). A 60-target hybrid BCI speller was built in this study. A frame-based sampled sinusoidal stimulation method was used to generate the flickering stimulus on the LCD screen. The 60 targets were equally divided into 4 sections, and each section had the same frequency range. EMG signal was used to distinguish different sections. Subjects were required to repeatedly make a fist from 0 to 3 times when the target was shown in section 1 to section 4. Then by extracting the envelope of the EMG signal and calculating the number of peaks of the envelope, we could know which section the target was in. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) method was used to classify the SSVEP signal. The offline results showed that ITR achieved maximum value when the time window was set to be 2 s. The average classification accuracy of a 2 s time window was 80.5% and information transfer rate was 83.2 bit/min using the proposed hybrid BCI system. While the ITR was 32.7 bit/min for EMG only condition and 58.2 bit/min for SSVEP only condition, which revealed that the hybrid system had better performance than the two single-modal modalities.
Statistical study of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using SuperDARN Hokkaido ground backscatter data for 2011
Authors: Oinats Alexey V , Kurkin Vladimir I , Nishitani Nozomu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We describe an automated technique to determine parameters of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) using the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) high frequency (HF) radar data. The technique is based on the analysis of minimum ground backscatter range variations corresponding to different radar beams. Using this technique, we processed the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar data for 2011 and revealed statistical distributions of medium-scale TID (MSTID) azimuth and apparent horizontal velocity. We found four peaks with a distinct diurnal and seasonal dependence in the MSTID azimuth occurrence rate distributions. Northeast MSTID azimuths (20° to 50°) are typical of the summer and equinox morning hours; southeast azimuths (100° to 140°) prevail in the winter daytime; southwest azimuths (190° to 220°) are typical mostly in the summer and equinox nighttime and in the equinox evening; northwest azimuths (280° to 320°) are typical of the summer daytime and evening. The apparent horizontal velocities are generally within the 100 to 160 m/s range. The obtained results agree well with earlier studies by other researchers. However, there are also certain differences. The summer daytime northwestward MSTIDs are not indicated in the earlier studies. The nighttime horizontal velocities are 1.5 to 2 times higher than those in the daytime. Furthermore, winter velocity values are about 1.5 times higher than those in other seasons. These differences might be associated with the peculiarities of the data recorded by different facilities, or the features of the processing techniques, and require further investigation for their interpretation.
Hydrothermal treatment of Ti surface to enhance the formation of low crystalline hydroxyl carbonate apatite
Authors: Yang Soyoung , Lee Sujeong , Bajpai Indu , Kim Sukyoung 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background
Ti and its alloys have been widely used as orthopedic and dental implants due to their outstanding mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, long time is required to form bond between Ti implant and surrounding tissues. Therefore, these implants necessitate surface treatment such as mechanical/chemical treatment and coating of bioactive materials for improving the osseointegration.

Results

This study was focused on the calcium-phosphate (Ca-P) coating on machined Ti, blasted-Ti (B-Ti), and blasted-NaOH-etched-Ti (BNH) surfaces by hydrothermal method to evaluate the ability of HA formation. Nanostructured morphology was created by NaOH etching on blasted-Ti surface. XRD analysis confirmed the existence of sodium titanate phase on such samples. Rutile and anatase phases along with hydroxyapatite were observed after hydrothermal treatment in Ca-P solution. Substantial hydroxyapatite together with TiO
2
was observed during hydrothermal treatment at 200°C for 12 hrs. Blasted-NaOH-etched samples (BNH-Ti) revealed appreciable bone-like apatite formation as compared to machined-Ti and blasted-Ti (B-Ti) surfaces. However, maximum HA formation was confirmed on Ca-P coated-BNH samples (BNHA-Ti-200-12) by XRD and ICP analysis.

Conclusion
Multistep surface treatment adopted in current study would be effective to enhance HA formation on Ti surface.
Textural and pore size analysis of carbonates from integrated core and nuclear magnetic resonance logging: An Arbuckle study
Authors: Doveton John , Watney Lynn 
Published: February 2015

The T2 relaxation times recorded by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging are measures of the ratio of the internal surface area to volume of the formation pore system. Although standard porosity logs are restricted to estimating the volume, the NMR log partitions the pore space as a spectrum of pore sizes. These logs have great potential to elucidate carbonate sequences, which can have single, double, or triple porosity systems and whose pores have a wide variety of sizes and shapes. Continuous coring and NMR logging was made of the Cambro-Ordovician Arbuckle saline aquifer in a proposed CO2injection well in southern Kansas. The large data set gave a rare opportunity to compare the core textural descriptions to NMR T2 relaxation time signatures over an extensive interval. Geochemical logs provided useful elemental information to assess the potential role of paramagnetic components that affect surface relaxivity. Principal component analysis of the T2 relaxation time subdivided the spectrum into five distinctive pore-size classes. When the T2 distribution was allocated between grainstones, packstones, and mudstones, the interparticle porosity component of the spectrum takes a bimodal form that marks a distinction between grain-supported and mud-supported texture. This discrimination was also reflected by the computed gamma-ray log, which recorded contributions from potassium and thorium and therefore assessed clay content reflected by fast relaxation times. A megaporosity class was equated with T2 relaxation times summed from 1024 to 2048 ms bins, and the volumetric curve compared favorably with variation over a range of vug sizes observed in the core. The complementary link between grain textures and pore textures was fruitful in the development of geomodels that integrates geologic core observations with petrophysical log measurements.
Twisted orbifold Gromov–Witten invariants
Authors: Tonita Valentin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLet χ be a smooth proper Deligne–Mumford stack over ℂ. One can define twisted orbifold Gromov–Witten invariants of χ by considering multiplicative invertible characteristic classes of various bundles on the moduli spaces of stable maps χg,n,d, cupping them with evaluation and cotangent line classes, and then integrating against the virtual fundamental class. These are more general than the twisted invariants introduced by Tseng. We express the generating series of the twisted invariants in terms of the generating series of the untwisted ones. We derive the corollaries which are used in a paper with Givental about the quantum K-theory of a complex compact manifold X.
A Study of Chainsaw Kickback
Authors: Arnold D. , Parmigiani J. P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Chainsaw kickback is a serious safety concern for both experienced and novice operators. A key to developing improved kickback control systems is a better understanding of saw motion during kickback and the development of improved methods for distinguishing kickback from normal saw operation. In this study, accelerometers and gyroscopes were mounted to a battery-powered electric chainsaw and to a midsize, gasoline-powered chainsaw, and data were collected during normal cutting and kickbacks. These sensors measured accelerations along the guide bar and perpendicular to the bar as well as rotational velocities toward the operator's torso. Results from the battery-powered saw showed that accelerations during normal cutting and kickbacks had peak magnitudes of from ~2 to ~6 g and from ~6 to ~8 g, respectively, and that rotational velocities typically reached over 600°/s during a kickback. Analysis of these results showed that the gyroscope alone, using a threshold value of 300°/s, was effective in distinguishing normal cutting from kickback. Results from the gasoline-powered saw showed the same general trends as those with the battery-powered saw; however, the rotational velocities during a kickback were greater, typically exceeding 1,000°/s. Through the use of machine learning techniques, a more effective method than a simple threshold for distinguishing kickback from normal saw operation was developed. Using this method, kickback was determined very reliably and often when the deviations from the rotational velocities corresponding to normal cutting were small. Implementation of these findings could lead to improved kickback control systems on chainsaws.
Culture, curriculum design, syllabus and course development in the light of BELF
Authors: Pullin Patricia 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Research into the use of BELF, notably through the analysis of authentic data from business contexts, has shown that BELF communication is intrinsically intercultural, with BELF being used in a wide range of settings and with diverse constellations of interlocutors. Yet, whilst business English teaching materials take a range of approaches to culture, they often fail to address the complexity of intercultural communication or integrate it sufficiently in the overall curriculum. In this paper, findings from BELF research on oral interaction in the workplace are considered from the point of view of pragmatics and in relation to the interface between culture and language. It is proposed that by adopting a research-based approach to curriculum design, syllabus and course development, which addresses not only intercultural communication within the overall concept of communicative competence, but also learning theory and teaching methodology, awareness of intercultural aspects of communication can both be raised in a more systematic manner and also applied in the classroom. This should help those entering the jobs' market to better meet the needs of today's employers and globalised markets. Finally, practical suggestions are given for possible approaches to the teaching of intercultural communication within the context of business English training and, above all, in the light of BELF research findings. The need for change in teacher education is also considered.
Negotiation as the way of engagement in intercultural and lingua franca communication: frames of reference and Interculturality
Authors: Hua Zhu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper argues that Negotiation (capitalised to differentiate from negotiation as an activity type such as business negotiation) is the most important means of engagement in intercultural and lingua franca communication. In intercultural and lingua franca communication, thus also in English as a lingua franca (ELF), variability, heterogeneity, and uncertainty are the norm, and therefore, the need to negotiate frames of reference and cultural identity is greater than in other types of communication. By providing a Negotiation approach for intercultural and lingua franca communication, we are able to focus on individuals taking part in interactions along with their agency rather than cultural groups, the here-and-now nature of interactions rather than assumed or predicted course of actions, the resources individuals bring with them rather than problems, and the process rather than the outcome.
English in multinational companies: implications for teaching “English” at an international business school
Authors: Kankaanranta Anne , Louhiala-Salminen Leena , Karhunen Päivi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In recent years, the use of English has become everyday practice in multinational companies (MNCs), and it has been investigated in three disciplines: applied linguistics, international management, and corporate communication, all of which can be housed in international business schools. While reviewing research in these disciplines, we ask the question: how does the research inform the teaching of “English”? By taking an example of an international business school located in a small non-English-speaking country, we present the educational environment and the needs of future business graduates before moving on to demonstrating a continuum of English as a shared language constructed on the basis of the disciplines. The continuum extending from “official English” to “working language” BELF (English as Business Lingua Franca) illustrates different uses that English as a shared language meets in the MNC environment and in the students' future work contexts. On the basis of this discussion, we conclude our paper by presenting the implications of the different conceptualizations of English for the teaching of “English” at an international business school.
Evidence for Different Ferromagnetic Phases in Amorphous Fe40Ni40B20 Detected by EPR
Authors: Gerling R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Amorphous ferromagnetic Fe40Ni40B20 (Tc = 662 K) has been investigated by EPR in the temperature range from 110 to 510 K. From the temperature dependence of the magnetic field at resonance, the saturation magnetization could be evaluated. Around 470 K the line width of the resonance signal exhibits a pronounced minimum, and the EPR-intensity deviates at this temperature from pure ferromagnetic behaviour. Both effects can be explained by assuming the presence of a second ferromagnetic phase with a Curie temperature of Tc′=470 K. Upon annealing of Fe40Ni40B20 at temperatures slightly higher than Tc′ changes in physical properties, such as Curie temperature, density and relative strain at fracture are observable. It is proposed that the onset of the low temperature relaxation which is responsible for these changes in physical properties is related to the transition of the second ferromagnetic phase to the paramagnetic state.
Complex Formation in an Aqueous ZnBr2 Solution Based on Electron Diffraction, X-ray Scattering and Raman Spectra
Authors: Kálmán E. , Serke I. , Pálinkás G. , Johansson G. , Kabisch G. , Maeda M. , Ohtaki H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Electron and X-ray scattering as well as Raman spectra of as aqueous solution of ZnBr2 with a Br-/Zn++ ratio of 3:1 have been studied. The existence of hexaaquo, di-, tri-and tetra-bromo complexes in solution has been established by all three methods. Octahedral hexaaquo and tetrahedral Zn(H2O)4-n Brn complexes with n=2, 3, 4 are consistent with electron and X-ray structure functions. The inner sphere type complexes have interatomic distances of 2.2 Å for Zn++ -H2O, 2.4 Å for Zn++ -Br-, 3.93 Å for Br--Br- and 2.91 Å for W-W interactions with average numbers of contacts 2.4, 2.22, 1.33 and 1.1 respectively.
Effect of Phase Choices in Rovibrational Wavefunctions on the Labeling of K-and l-Type Doubling in Molecular Energy Levels
Authors: Yamada Koichi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The change in phase factor of the wavefunction does not affect the absolute value of the matrix element, but does change the phase factor of the off-diagonal matrix element. This phase dependence causes a serious confusion in the sign of some parameters in the molecular Hamiltonian, which appear only in the off-diagonal matrix element; for example, the sign of the l-type doubling constant q of a linear or a symmetric-top molecule. In the present paper, the energy eigenvalues, symmetry species, and labeling of the eigenfunctions are discussed for the K-type doubling of asymmetric-top molecules and for the l-type doubling of linear or symmetric-top molecules in relation to the choices of phases in the basis wavefunctions.
The Pauli Principle for Two Particles in a Dequantization Scheme Based on Coherent States
Authors: Boll B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The expectation values of operators in state space between symmetrized or antisymmetrized coherent states associated with the Weyl group are introduced as classical functions. The dequantization scheme provided by these functions yields an interpretation of permutational symmetry for classical trajectories. The two-nucleon system is treated as an example.
Discussion of the Two-Fermion Sector in a Unified Nonlinear Spinor Field Model with Indefinite Metric I
Authors: Stumpf H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In unified field models all observable (elementary and non-elementary) particles are assumed to be bound states of elementary unobservable fermion fields. Such models are formulated by self-regularizing higher order nonlinear spinor field equations with indefinite metric. The latter needs a careful investigation of the corresponding state space, in particular with respect to bound states. Based on preceding papers the general analysis of the state space is further developed in the framework of a relativistic energy representation in Part I. In Part II this formalism is applied to bound states of the two-fermion sector for a simple model. By direct calculation it turns out that for very heavy masses of the constituent fields bound states with positive norm and small masses are possible, i.e., that the two-fermion sector allows a meaningful physical interpretation.