bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the convective boundary layer turbulence with a High Spectral Resolution Lidar
Authors: McNicholas Callie , Turner D. D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHigh Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) aerosol backscatter coefficient observations collected in Norman, Oklahoma, USA, between April and July 2012 were analyzed to characterize the turbulent fluctuations in the convective boundary layer (CBL). Seventeen cloud‐free 2 h periods, during which the CBL was quasi‐stationary in the late afternoon, were selected. Autocovariance techniques were applied to each 2 h period to derive vertical profiles of statistical moments and integral scale. The low random noise level in the HSRL allowed meaningful estimates of the variance, skewness (S), and kurtosis (K) of the aerosol backscatter field to be computed. The S profiles showed a transition from negative to positive just below the top of the CBL (zi); this suggests that there are relatively few narrow plumes of aerosol‐laden air being lofted from the CBL into the free troposphere (yielding positive S above zi) and similarly that there are some plumes of cleaner air descending from the free troposphere into the CBL (negative S below zi). Vertical profiles of K indicated that the distribution of aerosols transitioned from leptokurtic to platykurtic just above zi. However, the profile of K is not symmetric around zi; the turbulence is more intermittent above zi and below 0.8 zi, but the turbulent motions are relatively constant between 0.8 zi and zi. The relationship between S and K in the upper portion of the CBL and through the interfacial layer indicated that the distribution of turbulence is not Gaussian (i.e., S is 0 and K is 3) at any height.
Pd Uptake and H2S Sensing by an Amphoteric Metal–Organic Framework with a Soft Core and Rigid Side Arms
Authors: Cui Jieshun , Wong Yan‐Lung , Zeller Matthias , Hunter Allen D. , Xu Zhengtao 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMolecular components of opposite character are often incorporated within a single system, with a rigid core and flexible side arms being a common design choice. Herein, molecule L has been designed and prepared featuring the reverse design, with rigid side arms (arylalkynyl) serving to calibrate the mobility of the flexible polyether links in the core. Crystallization of this molecule with PbII ions led to a dynamic metal–organic framework (MOF) system that not only exhibits dramatic, reversible single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformations, but combines distinct donor and acceptor characteristics, allowing for substantial uptake of PdCl2 and colorimetric sensing of H2S in water.
Formation Maneuvering and Target Interception for Multi‐Agent Systems via Rigid Graphs
Authors: Cai Xiaoyu , de Queiroz Marcio 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce control laws for multi‐agent formation maneuvering and target interception problems. In the target interception problem, we consider that the target velocity is unknown. Using a single‐integrator agent model, the proposed controls consist of a formation acquisition term, dependent on the graph rigidity matrix, and a formation maneuvering or target interception term. The control laws are only a function of the relative position of agents in an infinitesimally and minimally rigid graph, and either the desired maneuvering velocity of the formation or the target's relative position to the leader. The target interception control includes a continuous dynamic estimation term to identify the unknown target velocity. A Lyapunov‐like stability analysis is used to prove that the control objectives are met.
The Power of Social Influence on Estimation Accuracy
Authors: Gürçay Burcu , Mellers Barbara A. , Baron Jonathan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractResearch shows that crowds can provide more accurate estimates of uncertain quantities than individuals (Surowiecki, 2004). But little is known about how to organize crowd members to maximize accuracy. When should crowd members work independently, and when should they work collaboratively? We examined the effects of social influence on estimation accuracy, consensus, and confidence. Participants first made independent estimates of uncertain quantities, such as the percentage of U.S. deaths due to heart attacks or the height of the tallest building. Then, in some conditions, they interacted with others online. After the discussion, they made second independent estimates. Social interaction improved accuracy. Despite well‐known problems with groups, such as herding and free riding, discussion resulted in more accurate estimates and greater consensus relative to independent estimates. We offer a simple model that describes the process by which group discussion improves the estimates of uncertain quantities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die weltweit längste Textilbetonbrücke
Authors: Kulas Christian , Goralski Claus 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIm baden‐württembergischen Albstadt wurde eine ältere Fußgängerbrücke aus Stahlbeton durch eine elegante Brücke aus Textilbeton ersetzt. Durch die Kombination von textilbewehrtem Beton mit einer Vorspannung ohne Verbund ließ sich eine für Betontragwerke außergewöhnliche Schlankheit erzielen. Die 97 m lange Brücke über die Bundesstraße B 463 besteht aus sechs Fertigteilen, die bei einer Elementlänge von 17,2 m eine Bauhöhe von nur 43 cm aufweisen. Im Beitrag werden Konstruktion, Bemessung und insbesondere das Schwingungsverhalten beschrieben. Des Weiteren wird über die Erfahrungen aus mehr als vier Betriebsjahren berichtet.The worldwide longest textile‐reinforced concrete pedestrian bridge – Technical details and practical experiencesIn Albstadt, Germany, the former pedestrian bridge, which was made of steel‐reinforced concrete, had to be replaced by a new construction made of textile‐reinforced concrete. Due to the combination of textile‐reinforcements and an unbonded prestressing a remarkable slenderness of the superstructure was achieved. The 97 m long bridge over the state road B 463 is built up of six prefabricated concrete elements, which have a maximum element length of 17.2 m while the construction height is only 43 cm. The article deals with details of the construction, the structural analysis and the dynamic behavour in particular. Furthermore, experiences after a lifetime of four years are reported.
Ermüdungsverhalten von Spanngliedern mit nachträglichem Verbund
Authors: Empelmann Martin , Remitz Jörn 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDie Beurteilung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Spannstählen bei Bauwerken unter nicht vorwiegend ruhenden Einwirkungen gewinnt im Rahmen zunehmender Verkehrsbeanspruchungen, einer längeren Lebensdauer von Bauwerken sowie der Verwendung von innovativen und hochfesten Baustoffen weiter an Bedeutung. Insbesondere im eingebauten Zustand wird die Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Spannstählen aufgrund der komplexen Beanspruchungsverhältnisse von vielen Einflussfaktoren beeinträchtigt. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den derzeitigen Kenntnisstand zum Ermüdungsverhalten von Spannstählen. Dabei werden grundlegende Zusammenhänge der Reibermüdung erläutert und eine Datenbank über durchgeführte Untersuchungen aufgestellt. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich unterschiedlicher Einflussfaktoren ausgewertet und den WÖHLERdiagrammen des Eurocode 2 gegenübergestellt. Des Weiteren werden besondere Aspekte aus der Versuchsinterpretation und Nachweisführung diskutiert.Fatigue behaviour of post‐tensioned tendonsThe assessment of the fatigue strength of prestressing steel in structures under non‐predominantly static loads becomes more important within increasing traffic loads, longer life time of structures and the use of innovative and high‐strength materials. In particular, when installed, the fatigue strength of prestressing steel is affected by many factors due to the complex stress conditions. The article gives an overview of the current knowledge of the fatigue behavior of prestressing steels. The fundamental relationships of fretting fatigue are explained and a database is established after an evaluation of tests executed so far. The results are compared with the Woehler diagram of the Eurocode 2 and specific aspects of the experimental interpretation and verification are discussed.
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay by enhanced chemiluminescence detection for the standardization of estrogenic miroestrol in Pueraria candollei Graham ex Benth
Authors: Yusakul Gorawit , Udomsin Orapin , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Morimoto Satoshi , Juengwatanatrakul Thaweesak , Putalun Waraporn 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMiroestrol (ME) is a potent phytoestrogen from the P. candollei tuberous root. It has been approved for use in clinical trials due to its beneficial effect on disorders associated with estrogen deficiency. To ensure medical efficacy and safety, high performance analytical methods for ME analysis are required to standardize products from the P. candollei root. An enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ECL‐ELISA) was developed and validated using a polyclonal antibody against ME and a chemiluminescent system of luminol–H2O2–horseradish peroxidase‐4‐(1‐imidazolyl) phenol. The ECL‐ELISA system exhibited linearity over a concentration range of 0.31–10.00 ng mL−1, for which the relative standard variation (%RSD) was less than 10% for both intra‐ and interplate determinations. The ECL‐ELISA is reliable for the determination of ME as reflected by the high recovery percentage (101.22–103.06%). As a comparative analysis, the ME content in each sample determined by ECL‐ELISA was correlated with high coefficients of determination with colorimetric ELISA (R2 = 0.998) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (R2 = 0.998) methods. The ECL‐ELISA method could be applied to all of the commercial products containing P. candollei root, when the products contain between 0.706 ± 0.046 and 13.123 ± 0.794 µg g−1 dry wt. of ME. This method is useful as a high performance analytical method for the quantity control of ME in raw materials and end products at both the research and industrial levels. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Enolate‐Mediated Organocatalytic Azide–Ketone [3+2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction: Regioselective High‐Yielding Synthesis of Fully Decorated 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Shashank Adluri B. , Karthik S. , Madhavachary R. , Ramachary Dhevalapally B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn enolate‐mediated organocatalytic azide–ketone [3+2]‐cycloaddition (OrgAKC) reaction of a variety of enolizable arylacetones and deoxybenzoins with aryl azides was developed for the synthesis of fully decorated 1,4‐diaryl‐5‐methyl(alkyl)‐1,2,3‐triazoles in excellent yields with high regioselectivity at 25 °C for 0.5–6 h. This reaction has an excellent outcome with reference to reaction rate, yield, regioselectivity, operation simplicity, and availability of substrates and catalyst. This reaction has advantages over the previously known metal‐mediated reactions.
A Highly Selective and Turn‐on Fluorescent Probe for Fe3+ Ion Based on Perylene Tetracarboxylic Diimide
Authors: Lin Jinbin , Zhu Chunhui , Liu Xiaoqiong , Chen Bo , Zhang Yiyang , Xue Jinping , Liu Jianyong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe have demonstrated a turn‐on fluorescent sensor 6 for detection of Fe3+ based on photo‐induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. The probe comprises a perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) fluorophore and two bis((1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)amine (DTA) moieties as the metal ion receptors. It exhibits high selectivity toward Fe3+ over various other metal ions in CH3CN/H2O (1:1, V/V). The binding stoichiometry for 6‐Fe3+ complexes has been determined to be 1:2 by a Job plot of fluorescence. The association constant between 6 and Fe3+ was estimated to be 1.04×1010 (mol/L)−2 by Benesi‐Hildebrand equation.
Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Counter Electrodes Based on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Hwang Seunghwa , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Nine Md J. , Chung Hanshik , Jeong Hyomin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have received significant attention from the scientific community since their discovery in 1991. However, the high cost and scarcity of platinum has motivated researchers to seek other suitable materials for the counter electrode of DSSCs. Owing to their exceptional properties such as high conductivity, good electrochemical activity, and low cost, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered as promising alternatives to expensive platinum (Pt) in the counter electrode of DSSCs. Herein, we provide a Minireview of the CNTs use in the counter electrode of DSSCs. A brief overview of Pt‐based counter electrodes is also discussed. Particular attention is given to the recent advances of counter electrodes with CNT‐based composite structures.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase II clinical trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral DA‐1229 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have inadequate glycaemic control with diet and exercise
Authors: Jung Chang Hee , Park Cheol‐Young , Ahn Kyu‐Joeng , Kim Nan‐Hee , Jang Hak‐Chul , Lee Moon‐Kyu , Park Joong‐Yeol , Chung Choon‐Hee , Min Kyung‐Wan , Sung Yeon‐Ah , Park Jeong‐Hyun , Kim Sung Jin , Lee Hyo Jung , Park Sung‐Woo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundDA‐1229 is a novel, potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐IV) inhibitor that is orally bioavailable. We aimed to evaluate the optimal dose, efficacy and safety of DA‐1229, in Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus suboptimally controlled with diet and exercise.MethodsWe enrolled 158 patients (mean age, 53 years and a mean BMI, 25.6 kg/m2). The mean baseline fasting plasma glucose level, HbA1c and duration of diabetes were 8.28 mmol/L, 7.6% (60 mmol/mol) and 3.9 years, respectively. After 2 or 6 weeks of an exercise and diet program followed by 2 weeks of a placebo period, the subjects were randomized into one of four groups for a 12‐week active treatment period: placebo, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg of DA‐1229.ResultsAll three doses of DA‐1229 significantly reduced HbA1c from baseline compared to the placebo group (−0.09 in the placebo group vs. −0.56, −0.66 and −0.61% in 2.5, 5 and 10‐mg groups, respectively) but without any significant differences between the doses. Insulin secretory function, as assessed by homeostasis model assessment β‐cell, the insulinogenic index, 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) C‐peptide and post‐OGTT C‐peptide area under the curve (AUC)0–2h, significantly improved with DA‐1229 treatment. The incidence of adverse events was similar between the treatment groups and DA‐1229 did not affect body weight or induce hypoglycaemic events.ConclusionsDA‐1229 monotherapy (5 mg for 12 weeks) improved HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose level, OGTT results and β‐cell function. This drug was well tolerated in Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. © 2014 The Authors. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discussion on ‘relaxation method for pounding action between adjacent buildings at expansion joint’ by H. Takabatake, M. Yasui, Y. Nakagawa and A. Kishida
Authors: Khatiwada Sushil , Chouw Nawawi , Larkin Tam 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYThe paper under discussion presents a detailed study on the reduction of pounding force on buildings due to expansion joints being filled with rubber. From shake table experiments and numerical simulations, the authors of the paper concluded that the rubber can reduce the maximum pounding force and hence the pounding damage to buildings. However, the writers of this short communication observed some significant issues in the experimental results as well as the numerical simulations. These observations are presented and raise questions about the validity of the results and the subsequent conclusions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical activity in the elderly is associated with improved executive function and processing speed: the LADIS Study
Authors: Frederiksen Kristian Steen , Verdelho Ana , Madureira Sofia , Bäzner Hansjörg , O'Brien John T. , Fazekas Franz , Scheltens Philip , Schmidt Reinhold , Wallin Anders , Wahlund Lars‐Olof , Erkinjunttii Timo , Poggesi Anna , Pantoni Leonardo , Inzitari Domenico , Waldemar Gunhild ,   on behalf of the LADIS Study
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesPhysical activity reduces the risk of cognitive decline but may affect cognitive domains differently. We examined whether physical activity modifies processing speed, executive function and memory in a population of non‐dementia elderly subjects with age‐related white matter changes (ARWMC).MethodsData from the Leukoaraiosis And DISability (LADIS) study, a multicenter, European prospective cohort study aimed at examining the role of ARWMC in transition to disability, was used. Subjects in the LADIS study were clinically assessed yearly for 3 years including MRI at baseline and 3‐year follow‐up. Physical activity was assessed at baseline, and cognitive compound scores at baseline and 3‐year assessment were used.ResultsTwo‐hundred‐eighty‐two subjects (age, y (mean (SD)): 73.1 (±5.1); gender (f/m): 164/118); MMSE (mean (SD)): 28.3 (±1.7)) who had not progressed to MCI or dementia, were included. Multiple variable linear regression analysis with baseline MMSE, education, gender, age, stroke, diabetes and ARWMC rating as covariates revealed that physical activity was associated with better scores at baseline and 3‐year follow‐up for executive function (baseline: β: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.13–0.90, p = 0.008; follow‐up: β: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10–0.38, p = 0.001) and processing speed (baseline: β: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.14–0.89, p = 0.005; follow‐up: β: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.02–0.29, p = 0.02) but not memory. When including baseline cognitive score as a covariate in the analysis of 3‐year follow‐up scores, executive function remained significant (β: 0.11, 95% CI: 0–0.22, p = 0.04).ConclusionOur findings confirm previous findings of a positive effect of physical activity on cognitive functions in elderly subjects, and further extends these by showing that the association is also present in patients with ARWMC. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of endogenous and exogenous progesterone on emotional intelligence in cocaine‐dependent men and women who also abuse alcohol
Authors: Milivojevic Verica , Sinha Rajita , Morgan Peter T. , Sofuoglu Mehmet , Fox Helen C. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveAs sex differences in substance dependence may impinge upon the perception and regulation of emotion, we assess emotional intelligence (EI) as a function of gender, menstrual cycle (MC) phase and hormonal changes in early abstinent cocaine‐dependent individuals who abuse alcohol (CDA).MethodsStudy 1: The Mayer, Salovey, and Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) was administered to 98 CDA (55 M/43 F) and 56 healthy (28 M/28 F) individuals. Performance in women was also assessed by MC phase. Study 2: The MSCEIT was administered to 28 CDA (19 M/9 F) who received exogenous progesterone (400 mg/day) versus placebo for 7 days (study 2).ResultsStudy 1: Healthy females were better than healthy males at facilitating thought and managing emotions. This gender discrepancy was not observed in the CDA group. Additionally, all women in the high compared with the low progesterone phase of their MC were better at managing their emotions. Study 2: Exogenous progesterone improved ability to facilitate thought in both males and females.ConclusionsCDA women may be vulnerable to difficulties managing and regulating emotions. Gonadal hormones may contribute to this gender effect, as increases in both endogenous and exogenous progesterone improved selective aspects of EI. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructural analysis of three‐dimensional canal network in the rabbit lumbar vertebral endplate
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomonori , Goto Shota , Nishigaki Yasuhiro , Orías Alejandro A. Espinoza , Bae Won C. , Masuda Koichi , Inoue Nozomu 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTInsufficient nutrient supply through vertebral canal structures to the intervertebral disc (IVD) has been considered as an important contributor for disc degeneration. Despite previous canal structure characterization studies using histology, scanning electron microscopy, and angiography, among others, their three‐dimensional (3D) topology inside the vertebral endplate remains poorly understood. This study aims to characterize the 3D canal structure in the rabbit lumbar vertebral endplate using micro computed tomography (μCT). Vertebral endplates were imaged using high‐resolution μCT with 1.4 × 1.4 × 1.8 μm voxel size. Diameter, length, orientation, and depth starting from the vertebral endplate surface were analyzed for each canal using individual 3D canal models from the vertebral endplate scans. In the layer underneath the vertebral endplate, at a mean depth of 76.2 μm, longitudinally‐oriented relatively short‐length (57.6 μm) and small diameter (45.7 μm) canals were dominant. Large‐scale canals with a mean diameter of 152.1 μm running parallel to the endplate surface were isolated at the depth of 224.1 μm. These canals were connected to both IVD and bone marrow spaces through vertically oriented canals. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:270–276, 2015.
Hypolipidemic activity of common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) buckwheat
Authors: Tomotake Hiroyuki , Kayashita Jun , Kato Norihisa 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBuckwheat grain has well‐balanced nutritional value, whereas its digestibility is relatively low. This review summarizes recent advances in studies on the hypolipidemic activity of buckwheat. The most remarkable function is a powerful hypocholesterolemic activity of buckwheat protein in rats, which is far stronger than that of soy protein. The cholesterol‐lowering effect is mediated by mechanisms involving higher excretion of fecal sterols and lower digestibility of buckwheat protein. The insoluble fraction of buckwheat protein associates with cholesterol and reduces micelle cholesterol uptake in caco‐2 cells. Furthermore, consumption of buckwheat protein suppresses cholesterol‐induced gallstones and body fat in rodents. Buckwheat sprouts also have hypolipidemic activity in rats or type 2 diabetic mice. Tartary buckwheat bran extract reduced the serum level of total cholesterol and triglyceride in hyperlipidemic rats. The consumption of buckwheat seed reduced low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in the pastureland Mongolian population. Taken together, buckwheat may be beneficial for prevention of hyperlipidemia. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Pure Air for Ultrashort‐Pulse Lasers
Authors: Jakschik Stefan , Türschmann Volker 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe ultrashort‐pulse laser provides a precision and quality that have been previously unknown. This is a fact. And because of new applications, this relatively young technology is becoming more and more established in industry. What has been mostly ignored, however, is the question of which particles are entering the environment through the use of this laser. ULT has got to the bottom of this issue.
Adaptive Processes for the Aircraft Engines of Tomorrow
Authors: Fecht Nikolaus 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAmong the public's favorites at the ILA Berlin Airshow were the future “stars in the heavens“, such as the Airbus A350 XWB. Rather inconspicuous, but equally spectacular were the manufacturing technologies applied to create more efficient jet engines, which the Fraunhofer researchers, represented by the Innovation Cluster AdaM, displayed in Berlin.