bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, cellular uptake and angiogenic suppression of shikonin-containing liposomes in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Xia Hongmei , Tang Chengyi , Gui Heng , Wang Xiaoming , Qi Jinliang , Wang Xiuqiang , Yang Yonghua 
Published: December 2012

Shikonin has anticancer activity, but it has not yet been applied into clinical use. In the present study, shikonin was prepared using liposomes. We aimed to examine several aspects of sh-L (shikonin-containing liposomes): preparation, angiogenic suppression and cellular uptake through self-fluorescence. Sh-L were prepared using soybean phospholipid and cholesterol to form the membrane and shikonin was encapsulated into the phospholipid membrane. Three liposomes were prepared with shikonin. They had red fluorescence and were analysed using a flow cytometer. Angiogenic suppression of sh-L was determined using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide], Transwell tests, chick CAM (chorioallantoic membrane) and Matrigel™ plug assay. MTT assay showed the median IC50 (inhibitory concentrations) as follows: shikonin, sh-L1 and sh-L2 were 4.99±0.23, 5.81±0.57 and 7.17±0.69 μM, respectively. The inhibition rates of migration were 53.58±7.05, 46.56±4.36 and 41.19±3.59% for 3.15 μM shikonin, sh-L1 and sh-L2, respectively. The results of CAM and Matrigel plug assay demonstrated that shikonin and sh-L can decrease neovascularization. Effect of shikonin was more obvious than sh-L at the same concentration. The results showed that sh-L decreased the toxicity, the rate of inhibition of migration and angiogenic suppression. The cellular uptake of the sh-L could be pictured because of the self-fluorescence. The self-fluorescence will be useful for conducting further research. Sh-L might be an excellent preparation for future clinical application to cancer patients.
Fe3O4(1 1 1) thin films with bulk-like properties: growth and atomic characterization
Authors: Matsuzaki Kosuke , Lazarov Vlado K , Lari Leonardo , Hosono Hideo , Susaki Tomofumi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Growth defects, domain structures and off-stoichiometric compositional deviation are the cause of significant deviation of magnetic and transport properties of magnetite (Fe3O4) thin films. We show that these anomalous properties can be fully controlled by postannealing in CO/CO2 atmosphere. Aberration corrected electron microscopy has revealed a full structural transformation from Fe/FeO
x
to Fe3O4 and a drastic reduction of growth defects in the postannealed films. The magnetic and magnetotransport measurements show that postannealed film properties are bulk-like: the magnetization was fully saturated with ∼480 emu cm−3, as in bulk single crystal, and the negative magnetoresistance was suppressed by an order of magnitude.
Numerical analysis of the pre-arcing liquid metal self-pinch effect for current-limiting applications
Authors: Liu Yiying , Rong Mingzhe , Wu Yi , He Hailong , Niu Chunping , Liu Hong 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This paper focuses on the numerical investigation of the pre-arcing liquid metal self-pinch effect in a liquid metal current limiter (LMCL). According to the typical structure of the LMCL, an experimental setup is designed to support this study. A three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model, based on the volume of the fluid approach, is used to simulate the dynamic self-pinch process of the liquid metal with a free surface. The distributions of volume fraction, pressure and velocity of the two-phase flow are calculated. The simulation results indicate that the depression of the liquid metal free surface during the self-pinch process is due to the downward gas flow, which eventually leads to the rupture of the liquid metal column and arc initiation in the channel. The expansion phenomenon of the free surface depression observed by both calculation and experiment is caused by the interaction of the pressure field produced by the Lorentz force and the gas flow field. The startup of the self-pinch process depends mainly on the effect of three factors, which are the pressure gradient, flow recirculation and the detaching effect of the Lorentz force.
Rotation dependent ion fluxes in front of resonant magnetic perturbation coils
Authors: Stoschus H. , Lehnen M. , Schmitz O. , Reiser D. , Unterberg B. , Samm U. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Ion fluxes to the first wall of TEXTOR are modulated during application of a fast rotating resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) field. The modulation in front of the RMP coils matches the magnetic topology modelled in vacuum approximation for low relative rotation of f
rel = −0.2 kHz between the RMP field and toroidal plasma rotation. With increasing relative rotation, the ion flux pattern is shifted linearly in counter-B
t direction. The shift is correlated to a displacement Δφ = π/2 of the electron density modulation at the outermost resonant flux surface caused by an internal plasma response. This indicates a competition between the near magnetic field of the RMP coils and the net magnetic field at the resonant flux surface.
Development of a Training Needs Assessment for an Education Scholarship Fellowship in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Lin Michelle , Santen Sally A. , Yarris Lalena M. , Mullan Patricia , Searle Nancy , Rougas Steven , Coates Wendy C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAt the 2012 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference, “Education Research in Emergency Medicine: Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategies for Success,” a breakout session convened to discuss postgraduate fellowship training in emergency medicine (EM), which would focus on education research. Graduates will form a growing cadre of education scholars who conduct and publish quality education research. This proceedings article reports the consensus findings of a breakout session subgroup whose goal was to construct a needs assessment for the proposed 2‐year education scholarship fellowship. The authors describe, based on expert and participant consensus, a framework for a large‐scale, mixed‐methods needs assessment for such a fellowship.
Birth outcomes of cases with isolated atrial septal defect type II – a population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Vereczkey Attila , Kósa Zsolt , Csáky‐Szunyogh Melinda , Urbán Róbert , Czeizel Andrew E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectivesIn general, epidemiological studies have evaluated cases with congenital cardiovascular abnormalities together. The aim of this study is to describe the birth outcomes of cases with isolated/single atrial septal defect type II (ASD‐II, i.e. only a fossa ovalis defect) after surgical correction or lethal outcome in the light of maternal sociodemographic data.DesignComparison of birth outcomes and maternal characteristics of cases with ASD‐II and controls without defect.SettingThe population‐based Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities.PopulationHungarian newborn infants with or without ASD‐II.MethodsMedically recorded birth outcomes, maternal age and birth order were evaluated. Marital and employment status was based on maternal information. The lifestyle factors were analyzed in a subsample of mothers visited at home based on a personal interview with mothers and their close relatives, and the family consensus was accepted.Main outcome measuresMean gestational age at delivery and birthweight, rate of preterm birth and low birthweight, maternal age, birth order, marital and employment status.ResultsThe evaluation of 471 cases with ASD‐II and 38 151 controls without any defects showed a female excess in cases with ASD‐II, having shorter gestational age and lower mean birthweight, and thus a higher rate of preterm births and low birthweight.ConclusionsIntrauterine growth restriction and shorter gestational age were found in cases with ASD‐II, particularly in female children. These factors may have a general developmental process in which there was not closure of the foramen ovale, thus echocardiographic screening of these babies might be of value.
Reduced satellite cell population may lead to contractures in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: SMITH LUCAS R , CHAMBERS HENRY G , LIEBER RICHARD L 
Published: December 2012

Aim  Satellite cells are the stem cells residing in muscle responsible for skeletal muscle growth and repair. Skeletal muscle in cerebral palsy (CP) has impaired longitudinal growth that results in muscle contractures. We hypothesized that the satellite cell population would be reduced in contractured muscle.Method  We compared the satellite cell populations in hamstring muscles from participants with CP contracture (n=8; six males, two females; age range 6–15y; Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels II–V; 4 with hemiplegia, 4 with diplegia) and from typically developing participants (n=8; six males, two females, age range 15–18y). Muscle biopsies were extracted from the gracilis and semitendinosus muscles and mononuclear cells were isolated. Cell surface markers were stained with fluorescently conjugated antibodies to label satellite cells (neural cell adhesion molecule) and inflammatory and endothelial cells (CD34 and CD4 respectively). Cells were analyzed using flow cytometry to determine cell populations.Results  After gating for intact cells a mean of 12.8% (SD 2.8%) were determined to be satellite cells in typically developing children, but only 5.3% (SD 2.3%; p<0.05) in children with CP. Hematopoietic and endothelial cell types were equivalent in typically developing children and children with CP (p>0.05) suggesting the isolation procedure was valid.Interpretation  A reduced satellite cell population may account for the decreased longitudinal growth of muscles in CP that develop into fixed contractures or the decreased ability to strengthen muscle in CP. This suggests a unique musculoskeletal disease mechanism and provides a potential therapeutic target for debilitating muscle contractures.
Characterisation, stability and in vitro degradation of microcapsules containing Chinese yak (Poephagus grunniens L.) butter
Authors: Bai Chunqing , Peng Hailong , Xiong Hua , Zhu Xuemei , Hu Juwu , Zhao Shiqiang , Luo Guowei , Zhao Qiang 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIn this research, microcapsules containing Chinese yak butter (MYB) were prepared by spray drying technique using rice syrup/whey protein isolate/sodium caseinate as wall materials. The physiochemical properties, nutritional value, stability and in vitro digestion behaviour of MYB were analysed. The results indicated that MYB were round‐shaped particles with good flow properties, high microencapsulation efficiency (97.4%) and prolonged shelf life. After rehydration, the reconstituted emulsion was found to be uniform and stable. Results also suggested yak butter (YB) with more kinds of fatty acids and a ω‐3/ω‐6 ratio higher than 0.33 was more nutritional for human consumption than commercial milk powder, and spray drying process had nearly no side effects on nutritional value of YB. In addition, the comparative analysis of leakage behaviour after exposure to different simulated gastrointestinal tract fluids indicated that YB could be efficiently leaked out of MYB except a ratio bound to wall materials.
Effect of alkaline extraction on the structure of the protein of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and its influence on film formation
Authors: Valenzuela Carolina , Abugoch Lilian , Tapia Cristian , Gamboa Alexander 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIt is important to produce hydrophobic edible protein films for use in foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alkaline extraction of quinoa proteins (QP) on the structure and their film‐forming ability without plasticiser. QP were extracted between pH 8 to 12, and their structure was evaluated by PAGE‐SDS, size‐exclusion HPLC light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy and SH and SS. Film was characterised by FTIR, SEM, tensile strength, barrier and colour. Structural changes of QP showing that alkalinisation over pH 10 produce significant denaturation/aggregation/dissociation structural changes in QP. pH 12 was the condition to form a film (film12). FTIR showed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic film interactions. Film12 had 16.6 ± 3.8% elongation and 15.7 ± 1.1 MPa tensile strength, and water vapour permeability was 5.18 ± 0.38 g mm m−2 day−1 kPa−1. Film12 had a brownish colour. A high degree of denaturation/aggregation/dissociation of QP structure is required to form a film without plasticiser.
Preserving sensory attributes of roasted peanuts using edible coatings
Authors: Riveros Cecilia G. , Mestrallet Marta G. , Quiroga Patricia R. , Nepote Valeria , Grosso Nelson R 
Published: December 2012

SummaryPeanut products are susceptible to develop rancid and off‐flavours through lipid oxidation. Preservation of these products is one of the problems in the peanut industry. The purpose of this work was to determine the sensory and chemical stability of roasted peanuts (RP) coated with different edible coatings: carboxymethyl cellulose (RP‐CMC), methyl cellulose (RP‐MC) or whey protein (RP‐WPI) during storage. Sensory attributes and chemical indicators (peroxide and p‐anisidine values, and conjugated dienes) of lipid oxidation were measured during storage. Chemical indicator values and intensity ratings of oxidised and cardboard flavours had lower increase in RP‐CMC, RP‐MC and RP‐WPI during storage than in RP, whereas roasted peanutty flavour showed a lower decrease. The stability of RP‐CMC is about a double longer with respect to RP. These results indicate that edible coatings preserve the sensory properties of roasted peanuts. Carboxymethyl cellulose exhibited the best protecting effect on this product.
Out‐of‐Core GPU‐based Change Detection in Massive 3D Point Clouds
Authors: Richter Rico , Kyprianidis Jan Eric , Döllner Jürgen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIf sites, cities, and landscapes are captured at different points in time using technology such as LiDAR, large collections of 3D point clouds result. Their efficient storage, processing, analysis, and presentation constitute a challenging task because of limited computation, memory, and time resources. In this work, we present an approach to detect changes in massive 3D point clouds based on an out‐of‐core spatial data structure that is designed to store data acquired at different points in time and to efficiently attribute 3D points with distance information. Based on this data structure, we present and evaluate different processing schemes optimized for performing the calculation on the CPU and GPU. In addition, we present a point‐based rendering technique adapted for attributed 3D point clouds, to enable effective out‐of‐core real‐time visualization of the computation results. Our approach enables conclusions to be drawn about temporal changes in large highly accurate 3D geodata sets of a captured area at reasonable preprocessing and rendering times. We evaluate our approach with two data sets from different points in time for the urban area of a city, describe its characteristics, and report on applications.
Civic Education and Democratic Capacity: How Do Teachers Teach and What Works?
Authors: Martens Allison M. , Gainous Jason 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesIn recent years, political scientists have found that civic education improves the democratic capacity of students, yet little research has been done to date on how and why civic education works when it does. In this study, we go inside the classroom to explore how teachers teach civics to find out what works best at preparing young people for responsible, democratic citizenship.MethodsUsing a survey of American students, principals, and teachers, we examine the varied instructional methods being employed by social studies teachers in ninth‐grade classrooms across the country to determine which methods and which combinations of methods do the best job of enhancing students’ democratic capacity defined as their political knowledge, political efficacy, and intent to vote.ResultsOur results suggest that there are four broad teaching approaches employed by social studies teachers: traditional teaching, active learning, video teaching, and maintenance of an open classroom climate. Teachers may employ some combination of these approaches. The analysis indicates that approaches that foster an open classroom climate (encouraging student input) in combination with the others tend to be the most fruitful across the board. While any combination including an open classroom climate maximizes benefit, traditional teaching (i.e., use of methods including textbook reading, worksheets, memorization, and so forth) combined with an open classroom climate seems to do the best. Also, the results suggest that the combinations that work best for stimulating internal efficacy vary greatly from those stimulating the other citizenship outcomes.ConclusionsTaken together, our results suggest that fostering an open classroom climate when teaching civics is the surest way to improve the democratic capacity of America's youth. Further, teachers should be attentive to the instructional tradeoffs necessary to creating student capacities for both active and informed citizenship.
Latino School Concentration and Academic Performance among Latino Children
Authors: Lee Jennifer C. , Klugman Joshua 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of the concentration of Latino students in elementary schools on Latino first graders’ test scores, and to determine if the effects vary by children's nativity status.MethodsWe use generalized estimating equations (GEE) on a sample of Latino first graders from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Kindergarten Class of 1998 (ECLS‐K).ResultsFor math and reading, Latino concentration in schools improves students’ first grade test scores for Latino children of immigrants, but it has no effect for Latino children of U.S.‐born parents. For general knowledge test scores, Latino concentration has no effect for children of immigrants and has a deleterious impact on the scores of children of U.S.‐born parents. We also show no effect of Latino concentration on the scores of white children of U.S.‐born parents.ConclusionsThe results suggest that Latino concentration in elementary schools promotes educational outcomes for children from Latino immigrant families, but Latino families headed by U.S.‐born parents do not benefit from coethnic concentration, which is in accordance with expectations derived from assimilation theories.
My military: A navy nurse practitioner's perspective on military culture and joining forces for veteran health
Authors: Kuehner Cynthia A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPurposeThis article responds to the need for improved integration of veteran health considerations across the broader community. A focus of the Joining Forces initiative is to foster partnerships between veterans and their communities through enhanced education, knowledge, and commitment of resources and support.Data resourcesData and resources on known threats to veteran health are widely available in the literature. Personal perspectives on military culture and experience expand the body of knowledge and lead to improved outcomes in both established and evolving care delivery models and best practices for veteran health.ConclusionsThe need for veteran health care outside of military and Veterans Affairs facilities is vast and expanding. Enhancing resources for health care of veterans is of critical importance. An understanding of military culture offers a basic reference for nonmilitary care providers to consider when providing and facilitating care across the continuum of veterans’ health.Implications for practiceNurse practitioners (NPs) are ideal providers of care for veteran and military family healthcare needs. NP practice incorporates cultural sensitivity, prevention strategies, and wellness‐focused care while delivering and facilitating optimal patient, family, and community outcomes. The NP will be of critical community value in joining forces for veteran health.
The biological effects of occlusal trauma on the stomatognathic system – a focus on animal studies
Authors: Liu H. , Jiang H. , Wang Y. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe aim of this review of the literature was to assess the biological effects of occlusal trauma on the stomatognathic system focusing on animal studies. However, there are no conclusive explanations on the association between occlusal trauma and disease of the stomatognathic system. A literature survey was performed using the Medline database, covering the period from 1967 to 2012. Over 300 abstracts were reviewed, and 70 manuscripts were selected. Additional references from citations within the articles were obtained, and current textbooks were also used. This review does not include the effects of occlusal trauma on dental implants or dental prostheses/appliances. A total of 70 full articles were included for the final analysis. The selected 70 articles were classified into the following five categories, including the effects of occlusal trauma on the pulp tissues, periodontal tissues, masticatory muscle, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and central nervous system (CNS). It was demonstrated that occlusal trauma caused a variety of harmful biological effects on stomatognathic system. Additionally, occlusal trauma could lead to some pain substance changes in the pulp, periodontal tissues, masticatory muscle, TMJ and CNS, which was possibly related to the peripheral and the central neuronal sensitisation. However, these findings demonstrate that there are remaining disagreements by various authors. More randomised trials are needed to validate these effects.
Complete Genome Sequence of Brucella suis Field Strain BCB025 of Sequence Type ST22
Authors: Ke Yuehua , Wang Yufei , Yuan Xitong , Xu Jie , Zhen Qing , Wang Zhoujia , Li Tiefeng , Wang Dali , Huang Liuyu , Song Hongbin , Chen Zeliang 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Brucella
is a genus of relatively conservative pathogenic bacteria.
Brucella suis
is the most diversified
Brucella
species. Strains of
B. suis
belong to different sequence types. Here, we report the genome sequence of
B. suis
strain BCB025, one isolate of the sequence type 22 epidemic in China.
Effect of Auricular Acupuncture on Gastrointestinal Motility and Its Relationship with Vagal Activity
Authors: Li Han , Wang Yin-Ping 
Published: December 2012

Background Vagus nerve stimulation is capable of regulating autonomic nerve function. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the effect of auricular acupuncture (AA) is mediated by the vagus. This study was designed to investigate the effect of AA on gastrointestinal (GI) motility and the relationship of this effect with the vagus nerve. Methods 50 rats were divided into five groups for observation of the effects of different types of acupuncture and influencing factors: control, AA, somatic acupuncture (SA), atropine and atropine+AA. The acupuncture points used for AA were ST (Stomach) and SI (Small intestine), while the acupuncture point used for SA was ST36. Electroacupuncture was performed for 15 min. A model of reduced GI motility was established using ethanol, and GI transit rate was used to measure GI motility. Heart rate variability (HRV) and the effect of atropine administration were investigated to study the relationship between AA and vagal activity. Results The GI transit rate increased in both the AA and SA groups compared with control, and no significant difference was found between their effects. In addition, after atropine administration, AA was found to be ineffective in influencing the GI transit rate. In the HRV analysis, no significant differences were found in the absolute low frequency normalised units, high frequency normalised units or the low frequency/high frequency component ratio in the AA or SA groups compared with control. After administration of atropine AA still had no effect on HRV. Conclusions The function of AA in improving GI motility is similar to that of SA, and this effect can be blocked by the presence of atropine, indicating that this effect is regulated by the vagus. However, HRV did not reflect the acupuncture-induced changes in vagal nerve function.