bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MMP-2 as an early synovial biomarker for cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs
Authors: Danger R. , Cabon Q. , Rabillard M. , Brouard S. , Bouvy B. , Gauthier O. , Boland L. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryObjectives: To measure the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 in synovial fluid from the stifle joints of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture and to compare that to values from contralateral stifle joints and dogs with clinically normal stifle joints. Additionally, the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also measured.Methods: Fourteen large breed dogs with unilateral CrCL rupture and 11 large breed normal dogs were included in this prospective clinical study. Synovial fluid was collected from CrCL-ruptured stifle joints, contralateral clinically normal stifle joints of the same dogs, and stifle joints of normal dogs. Serum was also collected. Synovial fluid activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and serum CRP level were measured.Results: The MMP-2 activity in synovial fluid was significantly higher in CrCL-ruptured joints compared to contralateral joints and to stifles from normal dogs. There was no significant difference in activity of MMP-2 in contralateral joints of CrCL-ruptured dogs compared to normal dogs. Both serum CRP level and MMP-9 activity did not differ significantly between the studied conditions.Clinical significance: It was confirmed that MMP-2 activity is significantly related to CrCL rupture, but there was a failure to demonstrate any significant increase in the contralateral joints compared to the stifle joints of normal dogs. The MMP-2 involvement in progressing CrCL disease still has to be defined.
Effects of Recruitment, Growth, and Exploitation on Walleye Population Size Structure in Northern Wisconsin Lakes
Authors: Hansen Michael J. , Nate Nancy A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe evaluated the dynamics of walleye Sander vitreus population size structure, as indexed by the proportional size distribution (PSD) of quality-length fish, in Escanaba Lake during 1967–2003 and in 204 other lakes in northern Wisconsin during 1990–2011. We estimated PSD from angler-caught walleyes in Escanaba Lake and from spring electrofishing in 204 other lakes, and then related PSD to annual estimates of recruitment to age-3, length at age 3, and annual angling exploitation rate. In Escanaba Lake during 1967–2003, annual estimates of PSD were highly dynamic, growth (positively) explained 35% of PSD variation, recruitment explained only 3% of PSD variation, and exploitation explained only 7% of PSD variation. In 204 other northern Wisconsin lakes during 1990–2011, PSD varied widely among lakes, recruitment (negatively) explained 29% of PSD variation, growth (positively) explained 21% of PSD variation, and exploitation explained only 4% of PSD variation. We conclude that population size structure was most strongly driven by recruitment and growth, rather than exploitation, in northern Wisconsin walleye populations. Studies of other species over wide spatial and temporal ranges of recruitment, growth, and mortality are needed to determine which dynamic rate most strongly influences population size structure of other species. Our findings indicate a need to be cautious about assuming exploitation is a strong driver of walleye population size structure.
Usage of Protective Eye Wear among the Dental Practitioners of Bengaluru City: A Survey with Review of Literature
Authors: Kaul Rachna , Shilpa PS , Sanjay CJ 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundEye is one of the organs that is disposed to many hazards among dental practitioners due to the long strenuous working hours and various kinds dental equipment. These workrelated eye hazards range from eye injuries, fatigue, hazards due to lasers and light-curing units. Awareness among dental practitioners regarding the same is important so that they employ protective measures to avoid any eye hazards.AimThe aim of this study was to find the awareness regarding the occupational eye hazards among dental practitioners of Bengaluru city by assessing the usage of protective eye wear among them.Study and designA questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 150 dental practitioners of Bengaluru city.Materials and methodsThe questionnaire comprised of questions regarding their age and gender and whether they used protective eye wear while working.Statistical analysisUsing percentage, the number of dental practitioners using protective eye wear and those not using the same were compared.Results and conclusionIt was found that slightly more than half of the surveyed dental practitioners used protective eye wear while the rest did not use any eye protection while working. There is need to make more and more dental practitioners aware about the eye hazards that can happen due to work and emphasis needs to be laid on the use of protective eye wear while working so that these hazards can be minimized.How to cite this articleKaul R, Shilpa PS, Sanjay CJ. Usage of Protective Eye Wear among the Dental Practitioners of Bengaluru City: A Survey with Review of Literature. World J Dent 2014;5(1):17-20.
Root Resorption of Maxillary Incisors caused by Bilaterally Impacted Canines: An Evaluation by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Borges Alvaro Henrique , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Volpato Luiz Evaristo Ricci , Oliveira Thais Marchini , de Campos Neves Ana Thereza Sabóia , Palma Vinicius Canavarros 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
When root resorption of incisors occurs due to impaction of maxillary canines, several factors interfere in the treatment plan, such as the location and severity of root resorption, canine position, lack of space and dental development stage. The case of severe root resorption of permanent maxillary incisors caused by bilaterally impacted permanent maxillary canines and its multidisciplinary therapeutic approach in a 12-year-old girl is presented. After clinical and imaging examination, a treatment plan was outlined including preservation of primary canines, extraction of the permanent maxillary right canine and permanent maxillary left lateral incisor followed by its replacement with the orthodontically tractioned permanent canine and esthetic restoration of the permanent maxillary anterior teeth. One year after treatment, the result was satisfactory and the remaining teeth were still asymptomatic. The risk of root resorption in children with impacted permanent maxillary canines should not be neglected thus reducing subsequent complications.

How to cite this article
de Campos Neves ATS, Volpato LER, Oliveira TM, Palma VC, Tonetto MR, Bandeca MC, Borges AH. Root Resorption of Maxillary Incisors caused by Bilaterally Impacted Canines: An Evaluation by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. World J Dent 2014;5(1):67-71.
Triple X Syndrome Woman Presenting as Premature Ovarian Failure
Authors: Chandana C 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTTriple X syndrome is a sex chromosome abnormality characterized by extra X chromosome, occurring in approximately 1 in 1,000 female births. This condition often remains undiagnosed as most of them have normal phenotype, puberty and fertility. We report a case of Triple X syndrome with normal phenotype and intelligence presented with secondary amenorrhea and diagnosed to have premature ovarian failure. This case emphasizes the need for chromosomal analysis in women presenting with premature ovarian failure leading to primary or secondary amenorrhea.How to cite this articleChandana C, Venkatesh S. Triple X Syndrome Woman Presenting as Premature Ovarian Failure. Int J Infertility Fetal Med 2013;4(3):96-98.
Local Area Cartilage Segmentation: A Semiautomated Novel Method of Measuring Cartilage Loss in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Duryea Jeffrey , Iranpour‐Boroujeni Tannaz , Collins Jamie E. , Vanwynngaarden Case , Guermazi Ali , Katz Jeffrey N. , Losina Elena , Russell Ruby , Ratzlaff Charles 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo assess the responsiveness and reader time of a novel semiautomated tool to detect knee cartilage loss over 2 years in subjects with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsA total of 122 subjects from the Osteoarthritis Initiative progression cohort were selected. A reader used the software method to segment cartilage on double‐echo steady‐state sequence scans in the medial compartment of the femur from the baseline and 24‐month visits. Change in cartilage volume (ΔV) was measured at a fixed weight‐bearing (WB) location with respect to the 3‐dimensional coordinate system based on cylindrical coordinates. Change was measured for 5 regions of varying WB surface area centered on the fixed point. The average change (ΔV), the SD of ΔV, and the standardized response mean (SRM) are reported.ResultsThe SRM was −0.52 for the largest region and decreased in magnitude as smaller regions of cartilage were probed. The average evaluation time was <20 minutes per knee compartment, split approximately evenly between a technician and a trained reader.ConclusionThe results establish that measurement of cartilage loss in a local region can be done efficiently and that the resultant measures are responsive to loss of cartilage over time. The coordinate system can potentially be used to objectively examine and establish a consistent location for all knees that is most responsive to change in cartilage volume. This technique can provide rapidly an objective quantitative measure of cartilage loss and could substantially reduce study costs for large trials and data sets.
Collecting women's reproductive histories
Authors: Beall Cynthia M. , Leslie Paul W. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe importance of women's reproductive histories for scientific questions mandates rigor in collecting data. Unfortunately, few studies say much about how histories were constructed and validated. The aim of this report, therefore, is to illustrate the elements of a rigorous system of data collection. It focuses particularly on potential sources of inaccuracy in collecting reproductive histories and on options for avoiding them and evaluating the results. A few studies are exemplary in their description of methods of data collection and evaluation of data quality because they clearly address the main issues of ascertaining whether or not an event occurred and, if so, its timing. Fundamental variables such as chronological age, live birth, or marriage may have different meanings in different cultures or communities. Techniques start with asking the appropriate people meaningful questions that they can and will answer, in suitable settings, about themselves and others. Good community relations and well‐trained, aware interviewers who check and cross‐check, are fundamental. A range of techniques estimate age, date events, and optimize the value of imperfect data. Robust data collection procedures rely on skillful and knowledgeable interviewing. Reliability can be improved, evaluated and explained. Researchers can plan to implement robust data collection procedures and should assess their data for the scientific community to raise confidence in reproductive history data. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:577–589, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Alternative Synthesis of Chiral (S)‐Proline Derivatives that Contain a Thiohydantoin Moiety and Their Application as Organocatalysts in the Asymmetric Michael Addition Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Vega‐Peñaloza Alberto , Sánchez‐Antonio Omar , Ávila‐Ortiz C. Gabriela , Escudero‐Casao Margarita , Juaristi Eusebio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA convenient synthetic procedure for the preparation of chiral thiohydantoins derived from natural α‐amino acids is reported. Salient features of this method include ready availability of the starting materials, mild reaction conditions, and high yields of the desired products. The prepared thiohydantoins were tested as organocatalysts in asymmetric Michael addition reactions, under solvent‐free reaction conditions. Thiohydantoin 10 d turned out to be the most efficient catalyst, and its catalytic activity can be significantly enhanced by the use of an equimolar amount of salicylic acid as additive. Furthermore, highest diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity is achieved when the reaction is carried out at −5.5 °C, without detriment of the reaction rate. Regarding the reaction’s scope, the asymmetric Michael reaction catalyzed by 10 d was found to maintain its efficiency with various Michael acceptors.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Efavirenz via Organocatalyzed Enantioselective Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Okusu Satoshi , Kawai Hiroyuki , Yasuda Yoshimasa , Sugita Yutaka , Kitayama Takashi , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate a metal‐free catalytic process for the synthesis of anti‐HIV drug efavirenz in 99 % ee, which was achieved by an organocatalyzed enantioselective trifluoromethylation with Me3SiCF3 as a key reaction. The combination of cinchona alkaloid‐derived phase‐transfer catalysts modified with long chain ethers and tetramethylammonium fluoride enables the enantioselective trifluoromethylation of 1‐(5‐chloro‐2‐nitrophenyl)‐3‐cyclopropylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐one to be improved, and provides a desired (S)‐trifluoromethyl carbinol, which is a two‐step key precursor for the synthesis of efavirenz, in up to 80 % ee. As our method is a metal‐free process, it would provide an alternative industrial manufacturing process for efavirenz.
Synthese von Cyano‐substituierten Diaryltetracenen ausgehend von Tetraaryl[3]cumulenen
Authors: Gawel Przemyslaw , Dengiz Cagatay , Finke Aaron D. , Trapp Nils , Boudon Corinne , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Diederich François 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWir berichten über eine vielseitig anwendbare, zweistufige Synthese hochsubstituierter, cyanofunktionalisierter Diaryltetracene ausgehend von leicht zugänglichen Tetraaryl[3]cumulenen. Diese beispiellose Umsetzung beginnt mit der [2+2]‐Cycloaddition von Tetracyanoethylen (TCNE) an die proacetylenische zentrale Doppelbindung der Cumulene unter Bildung eines zwitterionischen Zwischenprodukts, welches über eine Elektrocyclisierungskaskade und nachfolgende Dehydrierung in einer Eintopfreaktion 5,5,11,11‐Tetracyano‐5,11‐dihydro‐6,12‐diaryltetracene liefert. Eine nachfolgende Kupfer‐unterstützte Decyanierung/Aromatisierung ergab die 5,11‐Dicyano‐6,12‐diaryltetracen‐Zielverbindungen. Alle postulierten Strukturen werden von Röntgenstrukturanalysen gestützt. Die neuen Chromophore sind thermisch hochstabil und zeigen vielversprechende Fluoreszenzeigenschaften, die für potenzielle Anwendungen in der Optoelektronik von Interesse sind. Sie sind selektive Chemosensoren für CuI‐Ionen, die an einen der CN‐Substituenten koordinieren und 1:1‐Komplexe mit Assoziationskonstante Ka=1.5×105 L mol−1 bei 298 K bilden.
Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Carbon Centers through Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Cross‐Coupling with Alkylboranes
Authors: Hojoh Kentaro , Shido Yoshinori , Ohmiya Hirohisa , Sawamura Masaya 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA combination of an in situ generated chiral CuI/DTBM‐MeO‐BIPHEP catalyst system and EtOK enabled the enantioselective SN2′‐type allylic cross‐coupling between alkylborane reagents and γ,γ‐disubstituted primary allyl chlorides with enantiocontrol at a useful level. The reaction generates a stereogenic quaternary carbon center having three sp3‐alkyl groups and a vinyl group. This protocol allowed the use of terminal alkenes as nucleophile precursors, thus representing a formal reductive allylic cross‐coupling of terminal alkenes. A reaction pathway involving addition/elimination of a neutral alkylcopper(I) species with the allyl chloride substrate is proposed.
Innovative direct nanoparticle dispersion injection into injection molding processing
Authors: Hassinger Irene , Becker Thorsten , Walter Rolf , Burkhart Thomas , Kopnarski Michael , Brodyanski Alexander 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTNanoparticles are applied in polymer matrices because of building up an inorganic network within an organic network resulting in a simultaneous increase of stiffness and toughness provided that a good degree of dispersion with a very low amount of agglomerates can be realized. To prevent these kinds of agglomerates, the incorporation of appropriate nanoparticle dispersions is promising. Using nanoparticle containing dispersions, we can produce nanocomposites via a direct injection molding process with excellent nanoparticle dispersion in the resulting nanocomposite. TiO2‐ (15 nm and 300 nm) and Al2O3‐ (13 nm) particle containing dispersions were manufactured and incorporated in polyamide 6 (PA6) via the addition of a nanoparticle containing dispersion within an injection molding process (IM). Agglomeration has to be suppressed during injection molding process and the nanoparticles have to cross over from the dispersing agent to the polymer matrix melt in which they have to be well distributed. The resulting mechanical (tensile and Charpy impact) and morphological (SEM and TEM) properties of those nanocomposites are discussed. The impact toughness and Young's modulus could be enhanced with slightly decreasing tensile strength. The nanoparticles could be well distributed in the polymer matrix. The achievable distribution quality is equal to the distribution achieved in a melt kneading process. Thus, materials with enhanced elongation at break with a very good dispersion quality were produced in a single production process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40641.
The Computational Road to Better Catalysts
Authors: Jover Jesús , Fey Natalie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractComputational studies, especially those that use density functional theory (DFT), have become pervasive in the characterization, mechanistic study, and optimization of homogeneous organometallic catalysts, and the “rational” design of such catalysts seems within reach once more. But how advanced, user‐friendly, and reliable are the computational tools that are currently available? Here we summarize the current state of the art for predictive computational organometallic chemistry in reference to the different stages of catalyst development by considering characterization, mechanistic studies, fine‐tuning/optimization, and evaluation of novel designs. We also assess critically where the strengths and weaknesses of computational studies lie and hence map out the road ahead for the design and discovery of novel catalysts in silico and in combination with targeted experimental studies.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 and cisplatin followed by D2 gastrectomy with para-aortic lymph node dissection for gastric cancer with extensive lymph node metastasis
Authors: Tsuburaya A , Mizusawa J , Tanaka Y , Fukushima N , Nashimoto A , Sasako M 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Locally advanced gastric cancer with extensive regional and/or para-aortic lymph node (PAN) metastases is typically unresectable and associated with poor outcomes. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of S-1 plus cisplatin followed by extended surgery with PAN dissection for gastric cancer with extensive lymph node metastasis.

Methods
Patients with gastric cancer with bulky lymph node metastasis along the coeliac artery and its branches and/or PAN metastasis received two or three 28-day cycles of S-1 plus cisplatin, followed by gastrectomy with D2 plus PAN dissection. The primary endpoint was the percentage of complete resections with clear margins in the primary tumour (R0 resection). A target sample size of 50 with one-sided α of 0·105 and β of approximately 0·2 corresponded to an expected R0 rate of 65 per cent and a threshold of 50 per cent.

Results
Between February 2005 and June 2007, 53 patients were enrolled, of whom 51 were eligible. The R0 resection rate was 82 per cent. Clinical and pathological response rates were 65 and 51 per cent respectively. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 59 and 53 per cent respectively. During chemotherapy, grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 19 per cent and grade 3/4 non-haematological adverse events in 15·4 per cent. The incidence of grade 3/4 adverse events related to surgery was 12 per cent. There were no reoperations or treatment-related deaths.

Conclusion
For locally advanced gastric cancer with extensive lymph node metastasis, 4-weekly S-1 plus cisplatin followed by surgery including PAN dissection was safe and effective for some patients. Further investigation of this treatment strategy is warranted.
A New Approach to Prepare Efficient Blue AIE Emitters for Undoped OLEDs
Authors: Huang Jing , Tang Runli , Zhang Tian , Li Qianqian , Yu Gui , Xie Shuyi , Liu Yunqi , Ye Shanghui , Qin Jingui , Li Zhen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTwo aggregation‐induced emission active luminogens (TPE–pTPA and TPE–mTPA) were successfully synthesized. For comparison, another six similar compounds were prepared. Because of the introduced hole‐dominated triphenylamine (TPA), fluorene groups with high luminous efficiency, and unconjugated linkages, the π conjugation length of the obtained luminogens is effectively restricted to ensure their blue emission. The undoped organic light‐emitting diodes based on TPE–pTPA and TPE–mTPA exhibited blue or deep‐blue emissions, low turn‐on voltages (3 V), and high electroluminescence efficiencies with Lmax, ηC,max, and ηP,max values of up to 26 697 cd m−2, 3.37 cd A−1, and 2.40 Lm W−1.
Kilogram‐Scale Production of SnO2 Yolk–Shell Powders by a Spray‐Drying Process Using Dextrin as Carbon Source and Drying Additive
Authors: Choi Seung Ho , Kang Yun Chan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA simple and general method for the large‐scale production of yolk–shell powders with various compositions by a spray‐drying process is reported. Metal salt/dextrin composite powders with a spherical and dense structure were obtained by spray drying and transformed into yolk–shell powders by simple combustion in air. Dextrin plays a key role in the preparation of precursor powders for fabricating yolk–shell powders by spray drying. Droplets containing metal salts and dextrin show good drying characteristics even in a severe environment of high humidity. Sucrose, glucose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone are widely used as carbon sources in the preparation of metal oxide/carbon composite powders; however, they are not appropriate for large‐scale spray‐drying processes because of their caramelization properties and adherence to the surface of the spray dryer. SnO2 yolk–shell powders were studied as the first target material in the spray‐drying process. Combustion of tin oxalate/dextrin composite powders at 600 °C in air produced single‐shelled SnO2 yolk–shell powders with the configuration SnO2@void@SnO2. The SnO2 yolk–shell powders prepared by the simple spray‐drying process showed superior electrochemical properties, even at high current densities. The discharge capacities of the SnO2 yolk–shell powders at a current density of 2000 mA g−1 were 645 and 570 mA h g−1 for the second and 100th cycles, respectively; the corresponding capacity retention measured for the second cycle was 88 %.