bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Paracetamol in Water with Different Salinities over Powder and Supported TiO2 and ZnO Photocatalysts
Authors: Saepurahman Saepurahman , Mulyani Gina , Sambudi Nonni Soraya , Kurniawan Teguh 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT. Paracetamol's (PCT) Paracetamol's (PCT) presence in water bodies poses a risk to both aquatic life and humans. This study aims to examine the effect of salinities on PCT removal in water using powder and supported photocatalysts. ZnO powder is a superior photocatalyst to TiO2, where the rate constant can be 18 times higher. Salinity boosted the PCT removal up to 2.7 times for TiO2 at lower concentrations but decreased the PCT removal for TiO2 and ZnO at higher values. Immobilizing the powder photocatalysts on a nonwoven polyester support (NPS) dropped the photocatalytic activity, especially for ZnO, whose performance was 36 times lower than its powder counterpart. The passivation of the photocatalysts by the silica binder necessary for attaching the photocatalyst to the support can be linked to the decline in the performance of TiO2 and ZnO composites. The silica and TiO2 formed homogeneous layers on the NPS, unlike the silica and ZnO layers. High salinity reduced the performance of TiO2 composites by 20 times but showed no significant effect on ZnO composites. The performance of the ZnO composite was further reduced when real seawater was used as feed.

Keywords: Titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, polyester, paracetamol, salinity.
Preparation of Oil Palm Leaves Ash-Supported Titania for the Elimination of Safranin-O Dye in Water
Authors: Yudha S Salprima , Adfa Morina , Istiqphara Swadexi , Falahudin Aswin , Reagen Muhamad Alvin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTACT. The objective of this study was to develop an approach for incorporating titanium oxide or titania into oil palm leaves ash (OPLA) using a simple procedure. The study process comprised the mixing of oil palm leaves (OPL) powder and titanium tetraisopropoxide in chloroform solvent, followed by the elimination of the solvent to obtain a solid residue. Subsequently, the residue obtained was calcined at 500 °C for 5 hours, leading to the production of a yellow-light powder. The results of product characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the presence of titanium oxide in OPLA. In addition, the wide diffractogram detected in XRD analysis revealed the presence of a silica peak. The un-sharp peaks in the regions of 25.6°, 38.2°, 47.9°, 54.5°, and 62.9° showed that the TiO2 particles were pure anatase, and no peaks of other TiO2-anatase phases were detected. Analysis using SEM showed that the surface of the material obtained was irregular and tended to have a hollow shape, while energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed a SiO2 content of approximately 73%. However, the titanium element or titania was not detected possibly due to its small concentration. The material obtained also had a good catalytic activity for safranin-O dye elimination under sunlight irradiation, which served as the activation energy source. Based on these findings, the use of OPLA (a side product of oil palm plantations) could be evaluated economically due to its effective role in the catalytic process despite the addition of a small amount of titania catalyst.

Keywords: Oil palm leaves ash, titania, safranin-O, sunlight irradiation.
The Comparison of Tannin Fractions in Calliandra calothyrsus Leaves Utilizing Butanol-HCl4 and Protein-Precipitation Methods
Authors: Subagyo Yusuf , Sumaryadi Mas Yedi , Ifani Merryafinola , Widodo Hermawan Setyo , Yusan Rizak Tiara 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT. Butanol-HCl4 (Bu-HCl4) and Protein-Precipitation (P-P) are methods that proposed to determine the content of free tannins, protein-bound tannins, and fiber-bound tannins. This study aims to determine the feasibility of tannin measurements by both methods and validation of Analytical Methods (VMA) evaluates specific parameters like accuracy, precision, specificity, and linearity through lab testing. The material used was twenty C. calothyrsus leaves which collected randomly from different trees. The samples were measured by both methods in triplicates for qantification and validation. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and t-test to compare both methods. The analysis of VMA shows that the P-P method yields higher accuracy compared to the Bu-HCl method in percentage recovery rates. The quantification of free tannins, protein-bound tannin, tannin fiber, and total tannin by the Bu-HCl4 method versus the P-P method showed significantly higher values (p<0.01) for the Bu-HCl4 method: free tannins (13.44±0.54 vs. 7.11±0.16), protein-bound tannin (2.80±0.44 vs. 1.52±0.20), tannin fiber (5.20±0.45 vs. 1.00±0.21), and total tannin (21.50±0.88 vs. 9.59±0.36). The methode validation result of Bu-HCl4 and P-P methods in the accuracy was different, but the linearity test showed a good response. In conclusion, the tannin quantivication by the P-P and Bu-HCl4 can be applied for C. calothyrsus analysis. The total tannin content was higher if quantified by the Bu-HCl4 method compared to P-P. The accuracy of the P-P found higher than the Bu-HCl4 method.

Keywords: Butanol-HCl4, leaves C. calothyrsus, protein-precipitation methods, tannin.
Sesquiterpenoids from The Stem Bark of Aglaia cucullata (Meliaceae) and Their Cytotoxic Activity Against A549 Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Mustaqim Iqbal Wahyu , Harneti Desi , Naini Al Arofatus , Hilmayanti Erina , Darwati Darwati , Nurlelasari Nurlelasari , Mayanti Tri , Maharani Rani , Farabi Kindi , Hidayat Ace Tatang , Supratman Unang , Fajriah Sofa , Azmi Mohamad Nurul , Shiono Yoshihito 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT. Sesquiterpenoids are a class of terpenoid compounds with a remarkable diversity of structures and biological activities. Sesquiterpenoids are primarily found in higher plants, such as the Meliaceae family's Aglaia genus. Aglaia cucullata is a species of Aglaia that is still rarely explored and can potentially contain sesquiterpenoid compounds with cytotoxic activity. Hence, the research intended to isolate sesquiterpenoids from the n-hexane extract of A. cucullata stem bark and evaluate their cytotoxic effect against A549 lung cancer cells. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated and purified from n-hexane extracts utilizing various chromatographic techniques. The structure of compounds 1 and 2 was determined by analyzing various spectroscopic methods (IR, MS, and NMR) and comparing them to previously reported spectral data. Compound 1 was identified as an isodaucane-type sesquiterpenoid, 10-hydroxy-6,10-epoxy-7(14)-isodaucane, and was first reported in Meliaceae family. Compound 2 was confirmed as an eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid, eudesm-4(15)-ene-1β,6α-dihydroxy, and was first reported in Aglaia cucullata. Cytotoxic activity of 1 and 2 were investigated in vitro against A549 lung cancer cells using the PrestoBlue assay and resulted in inactive and low cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 292.77 and 90.55 μM, respectively.

Key words: Aglaia cucullata, , A549 cell lines, cytotoxic activity, Meliaceae, sesquiterpenoids.
Radial Forearm Flap for Esophageal Perforation After Anterior Cervical Hardware Removal
Authors: Gong Davin C. , Anaspure Omkar S. , Baumann Anthony N. , Forner David , Patel Rakesh D. , Jiang Katrina J. , Chinn Steven B. , Aleem Ilyas 
Published: August 2024

Case:
A 51-year-old woman, who had previously undergone C5-C7 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, presented with symptomatic hardware failure and subsequently underwent instrumentation removal. Her postoperative course was complicated by an esophageal perforation. Despite initial repair using a rotational flap, the leak persisted, prompting esophageal reconstruction with a radial forearm free flap (RFFF).

Conclusion:
Persistent esophageal perforation is exceedingly rare and difficult to treat. This report discusses the surgical technique for RFFF, an excellent option for revising failed sternocleidomastoid rotational flaps. The decision between rotational repair and free flap reconstruction depends on factors such as defect size, vascularization, wound condition, and donor site morbidity.
The RNA helicase LOS4 regulates pre-mRNA splicing of key genes (EIN2, ERS2, CTR1) in the ethylene signaling pathway
Authors: Dong Chun-Hai , Hou Xiaomin , Yang Jingli , Xie Yanhua , Ma Binran , Wang Kun , Pan Wenqiang , Ma Shaoqi , Wang Lijuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The plant hormone ethylene plays diverse roles in plant growth, development, and responses to stress. Ethylene is perceived by the membrane-bound ethylene receptors complex, and then triggers downstream components, such as EIN2, to initiate signal transduction into the nucleus, leading to the activation of ethylene-responsive genes. Over the past decades, substantial information has been accumulated regarding gene cloning, protein-protein interactions, and downstream gene expressions in the ethylene pathway. However, our understanding of mRNA post-transcriptional processing and modification of key genes in the ethylene signaling pathway remains limited. This study aims to provide evidence demonstrating the involvement of the Arabidopsis RNA helicase LOS4 in pre-mRNA splicing of the genes EIN2, CTR1 and ERS2in ethylene signaling pathway. Various genetic approaches including RNAi gene silencing, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and amino acid mutations were employed in this study. When LOS4 was silenced or knocked down, the ethylene sensitivity of etiolated seedlings was significantly enhanced. Further investigation revealed errors in the EIN2 pre-mRNA splicing when LOS4 was knocked down. In addition, aberrant pre-mRNA splicing was observed in the ERS2 and CTR1genes in the pathway. Biochemical assays indicated that the los4-2 (E94K) mutant protein exhibited increased ATP binding and enhanced ATP hydrolytic activity. Conversely, the los4-1 (G364R) mutant had reduced substrate RNA binding and lower ATP binding activities. These findings significantly advanced our comprehension of the regulatory functions and molecular mechanisms of RNA helicase in ethylene signaling.
WITHDRAWN: FXR-regulated COX6A2 triggers mitochondrial apoptosis of pancreatic β-cell in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shao Lianqi , Kong Xiangchen , Lv Simian , Shu Xing-sheng , Ai Xiaojiao , Yan Dan , Ma Xiaosong , Ying Ying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Bound state solutions of the radial Klein-Gordon equation: Application to D- dimensional quantum information theory under exponential-type plus Yukawa potentials
Authors: Horchani R. , Omugbe E. , Njoku I. J. , Pérez L. M. , Onate C. A. , Jahanshir A. , Feddi E. , Emeje K. O. , Eyube E. S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The bound-state solution of the Klein-Gordon equation has been obtained under the interaction of an exponential-type and Yukawa potential functions. The Greene-Aldrich approximation has been used to overcome the centrifugal barrier and enable the analytical solutions of the energy and wave functions in closed form. The D-dimensional momentum space wave function has been constructed using the Fourier transform. The mean values have been conjectured for the position and momentum spaces using two equivalent equations. The effects of the potential parameters on the expectation values and quantum information measurement have been investigated. For the 1D case, the results obey the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Fisher, Shannon, Onicescu, and the Renyi entropic inequalities. Other information complexities measures, such as Shannon Power, Fisher-Shannon, and Lopez-Ruiz-Mancini-Calbet, have been verified. For the ground state, the 1D momentum expectation value \(\:{⟨{p}^{2}⟩\:}_{00}\) coincides with the 3D \(\:{⟨{p}^{2}⟩\:}_{000}\) values, which is an indication of degeneracy. The total energy of a particle in both 1D and 3D space may be degenerate due to the inter-dimensional degeneracy of the quantum numbers. However, in this present result, the degeneracy in 1D and 3D occurred for fixed quantum states at different momentum intervals. Thus, in 1D, a particle may transit an entire space (\(\:-\infty\:<p<\infty\:)\) with a certain kinetic energy, which must be equal to its kinetic energy if it moves through the interval \(\:0<p<\infty\:\) in 3D space. This may have implications for kinetic energy degeneracy in higher dimensions.
Mitigation of Early Blight in Tomato Plant: Evaluating Trichoderma harzianum, Cassia fistula and Azadirachta indica leaves powder
Authors: Shafqat Ayesha , Akthar Sundus , Shakir Rubina , Shah Anis Ali , Afzal Anza , Gatasheh Mansour K. , Shaffique Shifa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Early blight, caused by the fungus Alternaria solani, is a significant challenge in tomato cultivation, often leading to yield losses. In this study, we investigated the potential of three natural substances: Trichoderma harzianum (spore suspension), Cassia fistula and Azadirachta indica (leaves powder) in mitigating early blight. These substances were applied individually and in combination with all of three substances as treatments to evaluate their efficacy in disease suppression in tomato seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. After 15 days of various growth parameters like root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight were studied. Furthermore, the biochemical (Catalase and Peroxidase activities) and physiological (Total protein content and reducing sugar) attributes of tomato plants were also investigated. The results revealed that the growth parameters of tomato seedlings were significantly declined by 70 to 80% when infested by early blight disease. However, soil amendments with T. harzianum + C. fistula nullify the effect of the pathogen and increased the plant growth. Furthermore, the physiological and biochemical traits exhibited more production (up to 90%) and less activity (~ 20 to 30%), respectively in plants when plants were grown in T. harzianum + C. fistula in comparison with control. The trend of better growth in plants was T. Harzianum + C. fistula > T. harzianum > C. fistula >. Therefore, the soil amendment with T. Harzianum + C. fistula in pathogen-infested soil could be implemented to combat the early blight of disease. The results indicated that bio-agents such as C, fistula and A, indica in combination with Trichoderma can be used in antifungal products. Overall, this study highlights the promising role of natural substances in integrated pest management strategies for sustainable tomato cultivation. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and optimize application protocols for maximizing efficacy while minimizing environmental impacts.
Realizing Giant Ferroelectricity in Stable wz-Al1-xBxN Alloys by Controlling the Microstructure and Elastic Constant
Authors: Su Jie , Xiao Zhengmao , Chen Xinhao , Huang Yong , Lin Zhenhua , Chang Jingjing , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The emerged wurtzite-type (wz) ferroelectric Al1 − xBxN alloys have drawn increasing attention due to superior ferroelectricity and excellent compatibility with microelectronics. Revealing and controlling the microstructure and ferroelectric origin is vital to design and fabricate stable wz-Al1 − xBxN alloy with giant ferroelectricity. We find that the β-BeO-like rather than h-BN-like structure is the non-polar intermediate phase in the polarization inversion process of stable wz-Al1 − xBxN alloy. The stability and ferroelectric switching pathway of wz-Al1 − xBxN alloy are dominated by the covalent bond strength and elastic constant C14. Due to the reduced internal parameter u and enhanced C14 of wz-Al1 − xBxN alloy, the spontaneous polarization and polarization switching barrier respectively raises and declines as the B concentration increases. Meanwhile, the spontaneous polarization is enlarged by the compression along horizontal direction and tension along c-axis direction, while the polarization switching barrier and band gap are reduced by the all the tension. Moreover, the polarization switching fields are lower than the breakdown fields of wz-Al1 − xBxN alloys with tension. As a result, the giant ferroelectricity with larger spontaneous polarization than wz-Al1 − xScxN alloy and comparable polarization switching barrier to the common ferroelectric oxide is designed in for wz-Al1 − xBxN alloy. It should be noted that the phase transformation concentration of about 0.1875 for wz-Al1 − xBxN alloy is reduced by both tension and compression. These findings give a deeply understanding of ferroelectricity wz-Al1 − xBxN alloy, and provide a guideline to design high-performance ferroelectric wz-Al1 − xBxN alloys.
Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Factors among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Kahsay Hadush Tinsiae , Gebremariam Tewodros , Tadesse Iyasu , Tewelde Dagmawi , Mulaw Zeray , Alemu Kibrom 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome, one of the manifestations of chronic liver disease have become emerging problems of both low and middle-income countries and it is becoming the leading cause of morbidity and mortality both with the individual risk factors of dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and central obesity. Currently there is no accepted central underling mechanism and researches have shown a link between metabolic syndrome and liver disease. Further studies are important to manage these risks of cardiovascular disease.
Objective: - This study was conducted to assess the magnitude of metabolic syndrome and associated factors among chronic liver patients attending at the gastroenterology clinic of Jimma medical center.
Materials and Methods: - 83 patients with chronic liver disease were included and Hospital based cross sectional study was used in the study. National cholesterol education program adult treatment panel III and international diabetic federation criteria was used to assess metabolic syndrome. Socio demographic characteristics were collected through interviewer-administrated questionnaire adapted from world health organization stepwise tools. Measurements for anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure were taken using aneroid sphygmomanometer and standard anthropometric measuring instruments respectively. Clinical history of patients was also reviewed from their chart. Laboratory test was done to assess biochemical parameters by taking blood sample of patients. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20. Ethical clearance from Jimma University institute of review board and formal written consent from study participants was obtained.
Result: Out of the total 83 participants metabolic syndrome was found in 26(31.3%) and 32(38.6%) according to the NCEP ATP III and IDF criteria respectively. Body mass index AOR (95% CI): 6.2(1.7-22.25) P-value = 0.005, Total cholesterol AOR (95% CI): 3.9(1.2-13.27), P-value = 0.024, Very low density lipoprotein AOR (95% CI): 6.04(1.58-23.09), P-value =0.008 were the variables that become associated with metabolic syndrome in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusion and recommendation: Metabolic syndrome is prevalent in patients with liver disease. A comprehensive medical care approach to liver patients is important to adequately assess and address the additional components of metabolic syndrome, which has known to potentiate cardiovascular disease.
The Pandemic Experience: Demographic Influences on COVID-19 Perceptions and Stress Levels
Authors: Metkari Hanmant , Kudale Tulshiram , Mishra Neha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study uses a structured survey to collect detailed data on the opinions and experiences of 450 people during the COVID-19 epidemic. Twenty questions covering a range of topics, including the pandemic's personal effects, theories regarding its origins, and alterations in societal behavior, were included in the poll. To analyze the results, statistical analyses were performed using t-tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analyses. Significant variations in experiences and perceptions according to demographic characteristics are indicated by key results. A statistically significant difference was found, for example, between respondents' perceptions of the pandemic as a "Crisis" and a "Medical emergency," according to a t-test. A marginally significant correlation between gender and opinions on the virus's artificial origin was found using a chi-square test. Financial concerns and the absence of friends were found to be significant predictors of stress levels using regression analysis, which also explained 65% of the variation in stress levels. Additionally, the ANOVA revealed differing perspectives on crisis prevention strategies in the future. In order to help policymakers and healthcare practitioners create focused treatments, the data highlight the many psychological and social effects of COVID-19. The present study adds to the expanding body of knowledge about the diverse impacts of the pandemic and underscores the necessity of customized approaches to tackle the intricate problems presented by worldwide health emergencies.
No Association between Radiographic Findings and Response to Chiropractic Care in Older Adults with Back-related Disability: a secondary analysis
Authors: Maiers Michele , Albertson Andrea , Major Christopher , Mendenhall Heidi , Petrie Christopher 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Some chiropractors use spinal x-rays to inform care, but the relationship between radiographic findings and outcomes is unclear. This study examined the association between radiographic findings and 30% improvement in back-related disability in older adults after receiving 12 weeks of chiropractic spinal manipulation and home exercise instruction.
Methods
This IRB-approved secondary analysis used randomized trial data of community-dwelling adults age > 65 with chronic spinal pain and disability. Data was collected during the parent trial between January 2010-December 2014. The primary outcome was ≥ 30% improvement in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at 12 weeks, determined to indicate a clinically important response to care. Two radiologists independently assessed digital lumbar radiographs for pre-specified anatomic, degenerative, and alignment factors; differences were adjudicated. The unadjusted association between baseline radiographic factors and 30% ODI improvement was determined using chi-square tests.
Results
From the parent trial, 120 adults with baseline lumbar radiographs were included in this study. Mean age was 70.4 years (range 65–81); 59.2% female. Mean baseline disability (ODI = 25.6) and back pain (5.2, 0–10 scale) were moderate. After 12-weeks of treatment, 51 (42.5%) participants achieved 30% improvement in back disability. Disc degeneration (53.3% moderate, 13.3% severe), anterolisthesis (53.3%), retrolisthesis (36.6%) and scoliosis (35.0%) were common. No alignment, degenerative, or anatomic factors were associated with ODI improvement at 12 weeks (all p > 0.05), regardless of severity of radiographic findings.
Conclusion
We found no association between radiographic findings, based on a predetermined subset of radiographic variables, and 12-week ODI recovery in this sample of older adults with back-related disability. This study suggests that, in the absence of red flags upon clinical exam, imaging may be unnecessary because of its inability to predict response to care.