bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse profile variability associated with the glitch of PSR J1048-5832
Authors: Liu P , Yuan J -P , Ge M -Y , Ye W -T , Zhou S -Q , Dang S -J , Zhou Z -R , Gügercinoğlu E , Wang W -H , Wang P , Li A , Li D , Wang N 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
PSR J1048$-$5832 (B1046$-$58) is a Vela-like pulsar that has exhibited multiple glitch events. In this study, we analyse the timing data spanning nearly 16 yr, acquired from both the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and the Parkes 64 m radio telescope. As a result, a total of five glitches are detected within this data set. Among them, a previously unknown small glitch is newly found at MJD 56985(9) (November 24, 2014), making it the smallest glitch recorded from this source so far. The increments of the spin frequency and its first derivative are $\Delta \nu \approx 2.2(3) \times 10^ {-8}$ Hz, and $\Delta \dot{\nu } \approx 3(2) \times 10^ {-15}$ s$^{-2}$, respectively. Significant changes in the integrated normalized mean pulse profile are detected following three of the five glitch events, notably in the radio band. Although no evidence of a correlation is found between the spin-down rate and profile evolution, the jump phenomenon of $W_{55}$ (pulse width at the 55% peak amplitude) after the glitch in the narrow mode suggests that the glitch may influence the profile change. We discuss the influence of glitches on the pulsar’s emission properties in terms of platelet motion by a crustquake and also put constraints on the equation of state from the moment of inertia and response time-scales of involved superfluid layers inside the neutron star.
Haunted haloes: tracking the ghosts of subhaloes lost by halo finders
Authors: Diemer Benedikt , Behroozi Peter , Mansfield Philip 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Dark matter subhaloes are key for the predictions of simulations of structure formation, but their existence frequently ends prematurely due to two technical issues, namely numerical disruption in N-body simulations and halo finders failing to identify them. Here, we focus on the second issue, using the phase-space friends-of-friends halo finder Rockstar as a benchmark (though we expect our results to translate to comparable codes). We confirm that the most prominent cause for losing track of subhaloes is tidal distortion rather than a low number of particles. As a solution, we present a flexible post-processing algorithm that tracks all subhalo particles over time, computes subhalo positions and masses based on those particles, and progressively removes stripped matter. If a subhalo is lost by the halo finder, this algorithm keeps tracking its so-called ghost until it has almost no particles left or has truly merged with its host. We apply this technique to a large suite of N-body simulations and restore lost subhaloes to the halo catalogues, which has a substantial effect on key summary statistics of large-scale structure. Specifically, the subhalo mass function increases by about 20 per cent to 30 per cent and the halo correlation function by about 50 per cent at small scales. While these quantitative results are somewhat specific to our algorithm, they demonstrate that particle tracking is a promising way to reliably follow haloes and to reduce the need for orphan models. Our algorithm and augmented halo catalogues are publicly available.
Discovery of double stars by Giovanni Battista Hodierna in 1654
Authors: González-Payo J , Caballero J A 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
It has been generally accepted that the originators of the double star astronomy were Christian Mayer and William Herschel. We recovered the memory of the poorly known Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Hodierna, who published the first catalogue of stellar binaries over a century before Mayer and Herschel. We analysed the fourth section of 1654 G. B. Hodierna’s book ‘De systemate orbis cometici deque admirandis coeli characteribus’. There, Hodierna listed a dozen pairs of stars whose identification with modern star names had been lost for centuries. To identify the pairs, we used Hodierna’s Latin descriptions of location in constellations for all primary stars, ecliptic coordinates and angular separations to companions for some, and the Washington Double Star, Hipparcos, and Gaia catalogues. We were able to identify the twelve primaries and eleven multiple systems with companions, of which nine were double and two were triple. Besides, with up-to-date data, we confirmed that four systems are physically bound: Atlas and Pleione, $\alpha ^{1,2}$ Lib, $\nu ^{1,2}$ Dra, and $\theta ^{1}$ Ori A, C, and D. The other seven pairs are alignments of very bright stars at different distances.
Effects of the photospheric cut-off on the p-mode frequency stability
Authors: Kolotkov Dmitrii Y , Broomhall Anne-Marie , Hasanzadeh Amir 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Sub-photospheric acoustic resonators allow for the formation of standing p-mode oscillations by reflecting acoustic waves with frequencies below the acoustic cut-off frequency. We employ the Klein–Gordon equation with a piecewise acoustic potential to study the characteristic frequencies of intermediate-degree p modes, modified by the cut-off effect. For a perfectly reflective photosphere, provided by the infinite value of the acoustic cut-off frequency, characteristic discrete frequencies of the trapped p modes are fully prescribed by the width of the acoustic potential barrier. Finite values of the acoustic cut-off frequency result in the reduction of p-mode frequencies, associated with the decrease in the sound speed by the cut-off effect. For example, for a spherical degree of $\ell = 100$, characteristic p-mode frequencies are found to decrease by up to 200 µHz and the effect is more pronounced for higher radial harmonics. The frequency separation between two consecutive radial harmonics is shown to behave non-asymptotically with non-uniform spacing in the radial harmonic number due to the cut-off effect. We also show how the 11-yr variability of the Sun’s photospheric magnetic field can result in the p-mode frequency shifts through the link between the acoustic cut-off frequency and the plasma parameter $\beta$. Using this model, we readily reproduce the observed typical amplitudes of the p-mode frequency shift and its phase behaviour relative to other 11-yr solar cycle proxies. The use of the developed model for comparison with observations requires its generalization for 2D effects, more realistic profiles of the acoustic potential, and broad-band stochastic drivers.
Kinematics and dynamics of the Galactic bar revealed by Gaia long-period variables
Authors: Zhang Hanyuan , Belokurov Vasily , Evans N Wyn , Kane Sarah G , Sanders Jason L 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We use low-amplitude long period variable (LA-LPV) candidates in Gaia DR3 to trace the kinematics and dynamics of the Milky Way bar. LA-LPVs, like other LPVs, are intrinsically bright and follow a tight period–luminosity relation, but unlike e.g. Mira variables, their radial velocity measurements are reliable due to their smaller pulsation amplitudes. We supplement the Gaia astrometric and radial velocity measurements with distance moduli assigned using a period–luminosity relation to acquire full 6D phase space information. The assigned distances are validated by comparing to geometric distances and StarHorse distances, which shows biases less than $\sim 5~{{\rm per\ cent}}$. Our sample provides an unprecedented panoramic picture of the inner Galaxy with minimal selection effects. We map the kinematics of the inner Milky Way and find a significant kinematic signature corresponding to the Galactic bar. We measure the pattern speed of the Galactic bar using the continuity equation and find $\Omega _{\rm b}=34.1\pm 2.4$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-1}$. We develop a simple robust and potential-independent method to measure the dynamical length of the bar using only kinematics and find $R_{\rm b}\sim 4.0$ kpc. We validate both measurements using N-body simulations. Assuming knowledge of the gravitational potential of the inner Milky Way, we analyse the orbital structure of the Galactic bar using orbital frequency ratios. The $x_1$ orbits are the dominant bar-supporting orbital family in our sample. Amongst the selected bar stars, the $x_1 v_1$ or ‘banana’ orbits constitute a larger fraction ($\sim 15~{{\rm per\ cent}}$) than other orbital families in the bar, implying that they are the dominant family contributing to the Galactic X-shape, although contributions from other orbital families are also present.
X-rays from a newly discovered superbubble in M31
Authors: Liu Jiejia , Huang Rui , Li Chengzhe , Mao Junjie , Li Hui , Cui Wei 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
A superbubble is a hot, dilute, and X-ray-emitting gas cavity produced by stellar winds and supernova explosions. It is an intriguing feature for the study of stellar feedback processes. We report a study of possible superbubbles in the Andromeda Galaxy (M31). We identify one out of 83 extended sources as a strong superbubble candidate, SB1, from the M31 X-ray source catalogue. SB1 is located in the northern disc of M31 and exhibits soft, extended X-ray emission surrounded by an Hα shell. The XMM–Newton spectral analysis reveals that SB1 has a temperature of ∼0.14 keV and an X-ray luminosity of $L_{\rm X}\sim 3.5\times 10^{37}\,{\rm erg\, s}^{-1}$ in the 0.3–10.0 keV band. Two stellar clusters are found at the west rim of SB1. The estimated age of SB1 is similar to that of an overlapping young stellar cluster, and the colour-magnitude diagram reveals the presence of young stellar objects with an age of less than 10 Myr. We propose that SB1 is a superbubble, likely having triggered star formation in this cluster by compressing the accumulated gas, thereby leading to the formation of gas-dense regions.
Variants in NLRP2 and ZFP36L2, non-core components of the human subcortical maternal complex, cause female infertility with embryonic development arrest
Authors: Rui Ximan , Zhang Xiaolan , Jia Xinru , Han Jian , Wang Congjing , Cao Qiqi , Zhong Ou , Ding Jie , Zhao Chun , Zhang Junqiang , Ling Xiufeng , Li Hong , Ma Xiang , Meng Qingxia , Huo Ran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The subcortical maternal complex (SCMC), which is vital in oocyte maturation and embryogenesis, consists of core proteins (NLRP5, TLE6, OOEP), non-core proteins (PADI6, KHDC3L, NLRP2, NLRP7), and other unknown proteins that are encoded by maternal effect genes. Some variants of SCMC genes have been linked to female infertility characterized by embryonic development arrest. However, so far, the candidate non-core SCMC components associated with embryonic development need further exploration and the pathogenic variants that have been identified are still limited. In this study, we discovered two novel variants [p.(Ala131Val) and p.(Met326Val)] of NLRP2 in patients with primary infertility displaying embryonic development arrest from large families. In vitro studies using 293T cells and mouse oocytes, respectively, showed that these variants significantly decreased protein expression and caused the phenotype of embryonic development arrest. Additionally, we combined the ‘DevOmics’ database with the whole exome sequence data of our cohort and screened out a new candidate non-core SCMC gene ZFP36L2. Its variants [p.(Ala241Pro) and p.(Pro291dup)] were found to be responsible for embryonic development arrest. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments in 293T cells, used to demonstrate the interaction between proteins, verified that ZFP36L2 is one of the human SCMC components, and microinjection of ZFP36L2 complementary RNA variants into mouse oocytes affected embryonic development. Furthermore, the ZFP36L2 variants were associated with disrupted stability of its target mRNAs, which resulted in aberrant H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 levels. These disruptions decreased oocyte quality and further developmental potential. Overall, this is the first report of ZFP36L2 as a non-core component of the human SCMC and we found four novel pathogenic variants in the NLRP2 and ZFP36L2 genes in 4 of 161 patients that caused human embryonic development arrest. These findings contribute to the genetic diagnosis of female infertility and provide new insights into the physiological function of SCMC in female reproduction.
Network medicine-based epistasis detection in complex diseases: ready for quantum computing
Authors: Hoffmann Markus , Poschenrieder Julian M , Incudini Massimiliano , Baier Sylvie , Fritz Amelie , Maier Andreas , Hartung Michael , Hoffmann Christian , Trummer Nico , Adamowicz Klaudia , Picciani Mario , Scheibling Evelyn , Harl Maximilian V , Lesch Ingmar , Frey Hunor , Kayser Simon , Wissenberg Paul , Schwartz Leon , Hafner Leon , Acharya Aakriti , Hackl Lena , Grabert Gordon , Lee Sung-Gwon , Cho Gyuhyeok , Cloward Matthew E , Jankowski Jakub , Lee Hye Kyung , Tsoy Olga , Wenke Nina , Pedersen Anders Gorm , Bønnelykke Klaus , Mandarino Antonio , Melograna Federico , Schulz Laura , Climente-González Héctor , Wilhelm Mathias , Iapichino Luigi , Wienbrandt Lars , Ellinghaus David , Van Steen Kristel , Grossi Michele , Furth Priscilla A , Hennighausen Lothar , Di Pierro Alessandra , Baumbach Jan , Kacprowski Tim , List Markus , Blumenthal David B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Most heritable diseases are polygenic. To comprehend the underlying genetic architecture, it is crucial to discover the clinically relevant epistatic interactions (EIs) between genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (1–3). Existing statistical computational methods for EI detection are mostly limited to pairs of SNPs due to the combinatorial explosion of higher-order EIs. With NeEDL (network-based epistasis detection via local search), we leverage network medicine to inform the selection of EIs that are an order of magnitude more statistically significant compared to existing tools and consist, on average, of five SNPs. We further show that this computationally demanding task can be substantially accelerated once quantum computing hardware becomes available. We apply NeEDL to eight different diseases and discover genes (affected by EIs of SNPs) that are partly known to affect the disease, additionally, these results are reproducible across independent cohorts. EIs for these eight diseases can be interactively explored in the Epistasis Disease Atlas (https://epistasis-disease-atlas.com). In summary, NeEDL demonstrates the potential of seamlessly integrated quantum computing techniques to accelerate biomedical research. Our network medicine approach detects higher-order EIs with unprecedented statistical and biological evidence, yielding unique insights into polygenic diseases and providing a basis for the development of improved risk scores and combination therapies.
The impact of the embryonic DNA methylation program on CTCF-mediated genome regulation
Authors: Monteagudo-Sánchez Ana , Richard Albert Julien , Scarpa Margherita , Noordermeer Daan , Greenberg Maxim V C 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDuring mammalian embryogenesis, both the 5-cytosine DNA methylation (5meC) landscape and three dimensional (3D) chromatin architecture are profoundly remodeled during a process known as ‘epigenetic reprogramming.’ An understudied aspect of epigenetic reprogramming is how the 5meC flux, per se, affects the 3D genome. This is pertinent given the 5meC-sensitivity of DNA binding for a key regulator of chromosome folding: CTCF. We profiled the CTCF binding landscape using a mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation protocol that models embryonic 5meC dynamics. Mouse ESCs lacking DNA methylation machinery are able to exit naive pluripotency, thus allowing for dissection of subtle effects of CTCF on gene expression. We performed CTCF HiChIP in both wild-type and mutant conditions to assess gained CTCF–CTCF contacts in the absence of 5meC. We performed H3K27ac HiChIP to determine the impact that ectopic CTCF binding has on cis-regulatory contacts. Using 5meC epigenome editing, we demonstrated that the methyl-mark is able to impair CTCF binding at select loci. Finally, a detailed dissection of the imprinted Zdbf2 locus showed how 5meC-antagonism of CTCF allows for proper gene regulation during differentiation. This work provides a comprehensive overview of how 5meC impacts the 3D genome in a relevant model for early embryonic events.
Perspectives of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth on Anti-Vaping Messages in Social Media
Authors: Theis Ryan P , Pilla Jenine , Okker-Edging Kate , Pluta Kathryn , LeLaurin Jennifer H , Hanby Elaine , Zulkiewicz Brittany A , Clark Danielle , Bteddini Dima , Wright Stacy E , Fahnlander Alexandra M , Katz-Wise Sabra L , Lydon-Staley David M , Maziak Wasim , Charlton Brittany M , Scout N F N , Machado Ana M , Gordon Bob , Applegate Julia M , Potter Jennifer E , Strasser Andrew A , Liu Sixiao , Salloum Ramzi G , Tan Andy S L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth have higher rates of nicotine vaping than other youth in the United States. While social media can be effective in reaching youth and discouraging vaping, informed cultural tailoring is necessary to ensure effective messaging to SGM youth. This study aimed to understand SGM youth perspectives on anti-vaping social media messages and tailoring approaches.

Aims and Methods
In-depth, qualitative videoconference interviews were conducted from February to July 2022 with 34 SGM youth recruited in the United States via social media ads. The interview guide addressed participants’ beliefs about vaping, the context of vaping, perspectives on tailoring messages, and responses to examples of social media anti-vaping messages. Coding and thematic analysis followed a team-based approach.

Results
SGM youth perspectives fell into four categories—representation and diversity, facts and evidence, empowering messages, and source credibility. Participants stressed the importance of accurate, genuine representation of SGM youth in messages, but also noted that more overt representation may be seen as tokenizing. Participants recommended partnering with known LGBTQ + influencers who can promote or share anti-vaping messages on social media platforms. They also recommended using culturally tailored language, including statistics specific to SGM youth, and invoking themes of empowerment to improve the relevance, reach, and effectiveness of anti-vaping campaigns.

Conclusions
Findings can inform future efforts to develop anti-vaping messages for SGM youth with effective reach through social media. Nuanced perspectives on SGM representation in messages suggest a careful approach to tailoring. Concerns around inauthenticity may be minimized by ensuring SGM youth are included in message development and dissemination.

Implications
This study describes the importance of being attentive to the tailoring preferences among the current generation of SGM youth. Findings will inform social media-based messaging strategies that discourage nicotine vaping tailored for SGM youth in health campaign material design and evaluation, ensuring that tailored messages are designed in ways that avoid unintended consequences. The study also describes methods for effectively engaging SGM youth in research to improve the relevance of health education materials for this population and increase reach, which in turn can lead to a reduction in vaping practices among SGM youth.
Balanced crystalloid (Sterofundin) vs. normal saline for diabetic ketoacidosis: a prospective intervention trial with historical controls
Authors: Bharti D , Selvam S , Sharma N , Dutta P , Pannu A K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Fluid therapy with normal saline (NS) in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can cause hyperchloremic acidosis and delay DKA resolution. Balanced crystalloids may address this concern, though results with Ringer lactate and Plasma-Lyte have been mixed.

Aim
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Sterofundin (SF) vs. NS in the management of DKA.

Methods
A prospective, intervention trial with historical controls was conducted at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. Patients aged 13 years or older with DKA were enrolled. The primary outcome was the time taken to DKA resolution, with a predefined superiority margin of a one-fourth reduction in resolution time. Secondary outcomes included total intravenous fluid and short-acting regular insulin requirements, the need for 0.45% saline, hospital stay duration and in-hospital mortality.

Results
A total of 150 patients (mean age 36.8 years, 56.7% males) were included, with 75 receiving SF (intervention group) and 75 receiving NS (historical control group). The SF group showed a significantly shorter mean time to DKA resolution (13.8 ± 6.0 h) compared to the NS group (18.1 ± 5.5 h; P &lt; 0.001). SF patients required less total intravenous fluid (4500 vs. 6000 ml; P = 0.004), less insulin (98 units vs. 112 units; P = 0.017) and had a lower need for 0.45% saline (8% vs. 74.3%; P &lt; 0.001). Patients receiving SF had shorter hospital stays (4 [interquartile range, IQR 3–5] days vs. 4 [IQR 4–6] days; P = 0.020). Mortality rates were similar between the groups (SF: 9.3%, NS: 8.1%; P = 0.791).

Conclusion
SF may be a superior alternative to NS for fluid therapy in DKA.
Acute kidney injury, an underrecognized feature of VEXAS syndrome
Authors: Kalantari Kambiz , Sullivan Megan M , Herrera Hernandez Loren P , Bu Lihong , Cornell Lynn D , Nasr Samih H , Fervenza Fernando C , Montes Daniel , Mangaonkar Abhishek A , Go Ronald S , Kusne Yael N , Patnaik Mrinal M , Lasho Terra L , Olteanu Horatiu , Reichard Kaaren K , Warrington Kenneth J , Koster Matthew J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic (VEXAS) syndrome is an autoinflammatory disease caused by somatic mutation of UBA1 and affects multiple organ systems. Involvement of the kidneys is not well characterized. We aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors and histopathologic features of acute kidney injury (AKI) in VEXAS syndrome.

Methods
Patients with genetically confirmed UBA1 mutation consistent with VEXAS were included. Charts were manually reviewed. Cox regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with time-to-first AKI event. For patients with a kidney biopsy, histopathologic findings were reviewed.

Results
Eighty-one patients were included, all white men, with a mean age of 66.3 ± 8.6 years. Median (IQR) follow up was 3.5 (2.1–5.2) years during which 20 (25%) developed AKI and 22% died. AKI relapsed in 90% of cases for a median of 6 times during the follow up period. Cumulative incidence estimates (95% CI) for AKI at 1, 3 and 5 years were 6.2% (0.80–11.3%), 16.7% (7.5–25.0%) and 27.9% (14.9–38.9%), respectively. Age and baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with time-to-first AKI event. Six patients underwent a kidney biopsy. Findings included, plasma cell-rich interstitial nephritis (n = 3), neutrophilic-rich interstitial inflammation (n = 1), leukocytoclastic peritubular capillaritis (n = 1) and acute tubular injury (n = 1). AKI responded well to treatment with glucocorticoids but had relapse upon tapering.

Conclusion
AKI is an underrecognized feature of VEXAS occurring in 25% of patients in this cohort. Age at diagnosis and CRP were associated with time to first AKI event during follow up. Plasma cell-rich interstitial nephritis was the most common histopathologic finding.