bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Payments for ecosystem services in developing world fisheries
Authors: Bladon Annabelle J , Short Katherine M , Mohammed Essam Yassin , Milner‐Gulland E J 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPayments for Ecosystem Services (PES) is a powerful economic tool that gives positive conditional incentives for the provision of additional ecosystem services over the status quo, which has been used widely in terrestrial conservation. Interest in the concept of marine PES has recently emerged, but the fluid, transboundary and often common pool nature of marine ecosystems presents challenges for PES design and implementation. Here, we consider the potential role of PES in addressing current gaps in fisheries management. Used in combination with conventional regulatory approaches, PES may increase private sector engagement and generate more sustainable financing for fisheries management whilst spreading accountability throughout the supply chain. The approach is most likely to be feasible and effective in commercially valuable fisheries with: (i) demand for one or more ecosystem service and a threat to supply; (ii) suitable baseline data available and potential management actions underpinned by robust science; (iii) clarity and security of property rights; (iv) capacity for hybrid multi‐level governance; (v) capacity for rigorous monitoring, control and surveillance; and (vi) potential for financial sustainability of the scheme. An examination of four contrasting fisheries – Namibian hake, Mozambican shallow‐water shrimp, Western and Central Pacific skipjack tuna and Bangladesh hilsa – demonstrates that a developing world fishery will rarely fulfil each of these preconditions a priori, but that the potential for successful application of PES still exists. In practice, PES design will depend on the institutional context and require creative and innovative approaches to the maintenance of conditionality and additionality.
Effects of prey abundance, distribution, visual contrast and morphology on selection by a pelagic piscivore
Authors: Hansen Adam G. , Beauchamp David A. 
Published: September 2014

Summary

Most predators eat only a subset of possible prey. However, studies evaluating diet selection rarely measure prey availability in a manner that accounts for temporal–spatial overlap with predators, the sensory mechanisms employed to detect prey, and constraints on prey capture.

We evaluated the diet selection of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) feeding on a diverse planktivore assemblage in Lake Washington to test the hypothesis that the diet selection of piscivores would reflect random (opportunistic) as opposed to non‐random (targeted) feeding, after accounting for predator–prey overlap, visual detection and capture constraints.

Diets of cutthroat trout were sampled in autumn 2005, when the abundance of transparent, age‐0 longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) was low, and 2006, when the abundance of smelt was nearly seven times higher. Diet selection was evaluated separately using depth‐integrated and depth‐specific (accounted for predator–prey overlap) prey abundance. The abundance of different prey was then adjusted for differences in detectability and vulnerability to predation to see whether these factors could explain diet selection.

In 2005, cutthroat trout fed non‐randomly by selecting against the smaller, transparent age‐0 longfin smelt, but for the larger age‐1 longfin smelt. After adjusting prey abundance for visual detection and capture, cutthroat trout fed randomly. In 2006, depth‐integrated and depth‐specific abundance explained the diets of cutthroat trout well, indicating random feeding. Feeding became non‐random after adjusting for visual detection and capture. Cutthroat trout selected strongly for age‐0 longfin smelt, but against similar sized threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and larger age‐1 longfin smelt in 2006. Overlap with juvenile sockeye salmon (O. nerka) was minimal in both years, and sockeye salmon were rare in the diets of cutthroat trout.

The direction of the shift between random and non‐random selection depended on the presence of a weak versus a strong year class of age‐0 longfin smelt. These fish were easy to catch, but hard to see. When their density was low, poor detection could explain their rarity in the diet. When their density was high, poor detection was compensated by higher encounter rates with cutthroat trout, sufficient to elicit a targeted feeding response. The nature of the feeding selectivity of a predator can be highly dependent on fluctuations in the abundance and suitability of key prey.
Positively charged imidazolium‐based ionic liquid‐protected silver nanoparticles: a promising disinfectant in root canal treatment
Authors: Abbaszadegan A. , Nabavizadeh M. , Gholami A. , Aleyasin Z. S. , Dorostkar S. , Saliminasab M. , Ghasemi Y. , Hemmateenejad B. , Sharghi H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTo synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with different surface charges in order to evaluate their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity in the absence and presence of dentine compared with NaOCl and CHX.MethodologyAg NPs with positive, negative and neutral surface charges were synthesized and characterized. The first phase of the experiment determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of NPs against planktonic E. faecalis and compared them with that of NaOCl and CHX. The second phase tested the elimination of E. faecalis at different contact times (5, 20 and 60 min and 4 and 24 h), and the role of dentine in their inactivation was assessed. In the third phase, the most effective Ag NP solution was selected for cytocompatibility assessment. An MTT‐based cytotoxicity assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the selected NP solution in different concentrations on L929 fibroblasts compared to that of 2.5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX. Student's t‐test and repeated measures manova approach were used for statistical analyses.ResultsThe characterization revealed synthesis of colloidal NPs in the size range of 5–10 nm in diameter. The results indicated that Ag NP with a positive surface charge had the smallest MIC against planktonic E. faecalis, and it was active in very lower concentrations compared to NaOCl, CHX and the other tested AgNPs. Positive‐charged Ag NPs at 5.7 × 10−10 mol L−1 completely prevented the growth of E. faecalis after 5 min of contact time, a finding comparable to 0.025% NaOCl. Dentine powder had variable inhibitory effects on all tested materials after 1 h incubation period, but after 24 h, NaOCl and the positive‐charged Ag NPs were not inhibited by dentine at any concentration used. CHX was the most and the positively charged Ag NP solution was the least toxic solutions to L929 fibroblasts (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAg NP surface charge was important in bactericidal efficacy against E. faecalis. The positively charged imidazolium‐based ionic liquid‐protected Ag NPs showed promising antibacterial results against E. faecalis and exhibited a high level of cytocompatibility to L929 cells.
Consumers' awareness, acceptance and attitudes towards functional foods in Turkey
Authors: Büyükkaragöz Aylin , Bas Murat , Sağlam Duygu , Cengiz Şaziye Ecem 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate consumers' awareness, acceptance and attitudes towards functional foods in Turkey. Eight hundred and eight people participated in this study: aged between 20 and 80 years, 38.5% were male and 61.5% were female. Participants were given a questionnaire and were asked to fill it in by themselves to minimize the influence of the interviewer. Results indicated that socio‐demographic characteristics such as age, education level and income level are important indicators of consumers' awareness and consumption of functional food. The results show that the female respondents were 2.987 times more aware of functional food than the male respondents. Similarly, the likelihood of respondents having awareness of functional food was 1.431 times greater among those who had a higher educational level than among those with a lower educational level. Consumers who used vitamin supplements were 1.228 times more aware of functional food than other consumers. The results show that older respondents were 3.395 times more aware of functional food than younger respondents. Respondents with a history of familial diseases were more likely than others to have consumed margarine with plant sterol, fruit juices fortified with vitamin C, and breakfast cereals fortified with vitamins and minerals. Those with a diet‐related problem were more likely to have consumed cholesterol‐lowering products than those without a problem. As a conclusion, this study has shown that socio‐demographic characteristics such as age, education and income levels, and prices are important indicators that influence consumers' awareness and consumption of functional food. These results suggest that this type of knowledge could affect consumers' interest in functional foods, and therefore educational strategies might be necessary to encourage the consumption of functional foods.
Peptic hydrolysis of bovine beta‐lactoglobulin under microwave treatment reduces its allergenicity in an ex vivo murine allergy model
Authors: El Mecherfi Kamel‐Eddine , Rouaud Olivier , Curet Sébastien , Negaoui Hanane , Chobert Jean‐Marc , Kheroua Omar , Saidi Djamel , Haertlé Thomas 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn this study, the in vivo allergenicity of bovine beta‐lactoglobulin (BLG) in peptic whey protein hydrolysates generated during microwave and conventional heating treatments was assessed. The allergenicity of the hydrolysates was explored by studying the reaction of the murine jejunum from previously immunised Balb/c mice to treated BLG in an Ussing chamber. Intestinal anaphylactic reactions after stimulation of the gut‐associated immune system are a good indicator of potential in vivo allergenicity of whey hydrolysates. Fifty‐two per cent of BLG was hydrolysed by pepsin after only 3 min of microwave irradiation at 200 watts (W), yet it remained intact under conventional heating. Far‐ and near‐UV circular dichroism spectra indicated significant changes in BLG secondary and tertiary structures with microwave irradiation at 200 W. Pepsin whey protein hydrolysates obtained with microwave irradiation at 200 W for 3 min did not stimulate secretion of chloride in the Ussing chamber, as shown by the intensity of the short current values recorded (27.86 μA cm−2), compared to the conventional pepsin hydrolysates (68.21 μA cm−2). This demonstrates the low allergenicity of whey protein hydrolysates generated in this manner. These results confirm that microwave treatment combined with peptic hydrolysis could be applied to produce low allergenicity milk peptides.
Towards the Development of a Tax System Complexity Index
Authors: Tran‐Nam Binh , Evans Chris 
Published: September 2014

AbstractReducing tax system complexity is a common goal amongst policymakers; yet there is no commonly agreed definition of complexity. This paper seeks to fill this gap, by proposing the construction of an index of tax system complexity, conceived as a summary indicator of the overall complexity of a tax system at a particular point in time. If adopted, such an index would not only enable assessment of the changing level of a country's tax system complexity over time, but may also facilitate comparisons of the relative complexity of different countries' tax systems in future.
DOES REPUTATION CONTRIBUTE TO INSTITUTIONAL HERDING?
Authors: Popescu Marius , Xu Zhaojin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe examine the reputational herding hypothesis and provide evidence that institutional investors' career concerns contribute to herding behavior. Our analysis is based on the intuition that stronger (weaker) career concerns lead to a higher (lower) propensity to herd in down (up) markets. We find that institutional herding is, on average, 40% greater in down markets than in up markets. Moreover, we find that mutual funds and independent advisors follow “same type” institutions 43% more in down markets than in to up markets. Our evidence suggests that institutional herding is driven, at least in part, by institutional managers' reputational concerns.
CULTURAL DISTANCE AND BOND PRICING: EVIDENCE IN THE YANKEE AND RULE 144A BOND MARKETS
Authors: Zhu Hui , Cai Kelly 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this article we examine the impact of cultural distance on the pricing of corporate bonds issued in the United States. We find that greater cultural differences between U.S. investors and foreign issuers increase the cost of debt. We also find that the cost of Rule 144a offers is less sensitive to cultural distance and creditor protection effects because of the different market structure and investor bases in the Yankee and Rule144a bond markets. Our results suggest that cultural differences influence bond pricing through an information asymmetry channel.
Defects in GaSe grown by Bridgman method
Authors: KOKH K.A. , ATUCHIN V.V. , GAVRILOVA T.A. , KOZHUKHOV A. , MAXIMOVSKIY E.A. , POKROVSKY L.D. , TSYGANKOVA A.R. , SAPRYKIN A.I. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryOptical quality GaSe crystals have been grown by vertical Bridgman method. The structural properties and micromorphology of a cleaved GaSe(001) surface have been evaluated by RHEED, SEM and AFM. The cleaved GaSe(001) is atomically flat with as low roughness as ∼0.06 nm excepting local hillock type defects. The hillock‐type formations are round‐shaped with a bottom diameter of ∼200 nm and a height of ∼20–35 nm. The drastic depletion of the hillock material by gallium has been indicated by EDX measurements.
Exploration of the role of specialist nurses in the care of women with gynaecological cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Cook Olivia , McIntyre Meredith , Recoche Katrina 
Published: September 2014

Aim and objectiveTo evaluate the role and interventions used by specialist nurses in caring for women with gynaecological cancer.BackgroundEvidence evaluating the efficacy of specialist nurses in the gynaecological‐oncology setting is limited and fragmented.DesignSystematic review including both randomised controlled trials and nonrandomised studies.MethodsNine major databases were accessed from their date of inception to April 2013 with search results limited to publications from 1993–2013. Inclusion criteria were applied to select studies for review. Studies were critically appraised and assessment of the risk of bias performed. Data were extracted and compiled, with a narrative analysis undertaken.ResultsNine studies (six randomised controlled trials and three nonrandomised studies) testing interventions by specialist nurses in the gynaecological‐oncology setting were included in the systematic review. Results for the randomised controlled trials and nonrandomised studies were reported separately to enable distinction between evidence levels. Risk of bias assessment revealed that the quality of the randomised controlled trials was mixed and highlighted the inherent flaws of nonrandomised study designs. Studies varied greatly in the type of intervention provided and the tools used to measure outcomes, contributing to mixed results. The review demonstrated some positive effects of interventions by specialist nurses for women with gynaecological cancer, although these must viewed in conjunction with the assessment of evidence quality.ConclusionsThis systematic review has contributed to our understanding of the patient‐centred aspects of the specialist nurse role in the gynaecological‐oncology setting and further research is required to evaluate the role overall.Relevance to clinical practiceThe review indicates that interventions that either encompassed all domains of care, involved telephone contact or were executed between diagnosis and the completion of treatment were the most successful.
The People in Your Neighborhood: Social Interactions and Mutual Fund Portfolios
Authors: POOL VERONIKA K. , STOFFMAN NOAH , YONKER SCOTT E. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWe find that socially connected fund managers have more similar holdings and trades. The overlap of funds whose managers reside in the same neighborhood is considerably higher than that of funds whose managers live in the same city but in different neighborhoods. These effects are larger when managers share a similar ethnic background, and are not explained by preferences. Valuable information is transmitted through these peer networks: a long‐short strategy composed of stocks purchased minus sold by neighboring managers delivers positive risk‐adjusted returns. Unlike prior empirical work, our tests disentangle the effects of social interactions from community effects.
Rectally administrated misoprostol as an alternative to intravenous oxytocin infusion for preventing post‐partum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery
Authors: Chaudhuri Picklu , Mandi Subhra , Mazumdar Arindam 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimWith the increasing rate of cesarean delivery (CD) worldwide, there is a need for a revision of practices to prevent post‐partum hemorrhage (PPH) after CD. In search of a safe, cheap and effective alternative to oxytocin for prevention of PPH during the postoperative period of CD, the present study aimed to compare rectally administrated misoprostol with i.v. oxytocin infusion.MethodsA randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind prospective trial was undertaken on 192 women who did not have risk factors for PPH and who had an uneventful emergency CD under spinal anesthesia. They were randomly allocated to receive either 800 mg of rectal misoprostol or an i.v. infusion of oxytocin at the end of operation. Primary outcome measures were the amount of postoperative (24 h) blood loss and incidence of PPH during the postoperative period. The secondary outcome measures were the postoperative drop in hemoglobin concentration after 24 h, need for additional uterotonic and blood transfusion, and side‐effects/complications during the 24‐h observation period.ResultsThere was a significant reduction of blood loss in the misoprostol group compared with the oxytocin group (144.5 ± 100.1 vs 191.7 ± 117.1, P < 0.0001). The two groups were similar in terms of the secondary outcome parameters.ConclusionRectally administrated 800‐mg misoprostol may be an effective alternative to oxytocin infusion to prevent PPH after CD.
Prenatal prediction of neonatal survival in cases diagnosed with congenital diaphragmatic hernia using abdomen‐to‐thorax ratio determined by ultrasonography
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , Jun Jong Kwan , Lee JoonHo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractsAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of abdomen‐to‐thorax ratio (ATR) measured by antenatal ultrasonography for predicting neonatal survival of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).Material and MethodsWe identified 75 fetuses who were prenatally diagnosed with CDH and delivered in Seoul National University Hospital from 1998 to 2012, retrospectively. Of these, 40 cases who met the following criteria were included: (i) singleton pregnancy; (ii) a case that had available ultrasonographic images; and (iii) a neonate in whom follow‐up until discharge from the hospital was available. ATR was measured as follows: each anteroposterior distance (APD) in the abdominal and thoracic cavity was measured in the same midsagittal plane with the fetal neutral position. A thoracic APD was measured from the back to the distal end of the sternum and an abdominal APD from the back to the most protruding abdominal surface. ATR is the ratio of the abdominal APD versus the thoracic APD.ResultsSurvival rates were 57.5%. There were significant differences in ATR, lung–head ratio (LHR), observed/expected‐LHR, quantitative lung index and intrathoracic liver between survivors and non‐survivors. Regression analysis demonstrated that only ATR and intrathoracic position of the liver were independent predictors of survival. ATR by multivariate analysis had the most influence on survival rate (P = 0.002). The area under the receiver–operator curve for prediction of survival from ATR was 0.770 (P = 0.004). The diagnostic cut‐off value for ATR was 0.96.ConclusionsBecause ATR is effective to predict neonatal survival in CDH fetuses and is easy to measure, it can be used as another powerful parameter for managing CDH fetuses.
Variation and prognostic value of serum plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 before and after chemotherapy in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Chen Shutong , Tai Haifeng , Tong Xiaowen , Wang Jianjun , Yang Fang , Yang Yang , Yiqin Ouyang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimThe purpose of the present study was to explore variation and prognostic significance of serum plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) before the first cycle of chemotherapy and after the sixth cycle of chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients who had undergone cytoreductive surgery.Material and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the serum PAI‐1 level of EOC patients and healthy controls and investigated the correlation between both serum PAI‐1 levels of EOC patients we detected and clinicopathological characteristics. Survival rates were analyzed by using the Kaplan–Meier technique and Cox regression model.ResultsSerum PAI‐1 levels of EOC patients before the first cycle of chemotherapy and after the sixth cycle of chemotherapy were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (both P < 0.05). The results of Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that both serum PAI‐1 levels of EOC patients were associated with progression‐free survival and overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed the PAI‐1 level before the first cycle of chemotherapy was an independent prognostic marker of progression‐free survival (28.4 vs 49.6 months; P = 0.013) and overall survival (41.8 vs 53.8 months; P = 0.043).ConclusionsBoth serum PAI‐1 levels of EOC patients we detected were associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, residual tumor size and lymph node metastasis. The serum PAI‐1 level before the first cycle of chemotherapy is an independent predictor for EOC patients.
Antecedents, Consequences, and Mechanisms: On the Longitudinal Interplay Between Academic Self‐Enhancement and Psychological Adjustment
Authors: Dufner Michael , Reitz Anne K. , Zander Lysann 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe investigated the reciprocal associations between academic self‐enhancement and key indicators of intra‐ and interpersonal adjustment as well as the role of self‐esteem as a mediator. This longitudinal study involved three assessments in a sample of 709 German children and adolescents (Mage = 11.83; 54% female) over the course of one academic year. We assessed self‐reported subjective well‐being as an indicator of intrapersonal adjustment and peer‐reported popularity as an indicator of interpersonal adjustment. We computed cross‐lagged and longitudinal mediational analyses. Academic self‐enhancement prospectively predicted high subsequent well‐being and popularity. Vice versa, well‐being and popularity prospectively predicted high subsequent levels of self‐enhancement. High self‐esteem mediated the longitudinal associations between self‐enhancement and well‐being in both directions, but not the links between self‐enhancement and popularity. Self‐enhancement and adjustment are bidirectionally linked: Self‐enhancement entails intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits; at the same time, adjustment in both domains fosters self‐enhancement. In terms of intrapersonal, but not interpersonal adjustment, self‐esteem seems to serve as a linchpin, accounting for all longitudinal associations. Furthermore, we present evidence indicating that self‐enhancement indicators that are based on difference scores (instead of residuals) are problematic and might have led to negatively biased results in the literature.