bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulating Simple Reactive Chemical Units: Fishing for Alkaloids from Complex Mixtures
Authors: Poupon Erwan , Gravel Edmond 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis Concept article describes how key C10 molecular scaffolds, too reactive to be obtained through classical multistep synthesis, were targeted in the most simple reaction conditions, reproducing those that may be encountered in living cells. The rationale was that small amounts of these reactive intermediates might be formed in situ from cheap and abundant reactants (i.e., glutaraldehyde and tetrahydropyridine) resulting, upon further rearrangement in “complex mixtures” from which natural substances would arise. From five types of mixtures, at least six full carbon skeletons of known natural substances were formed spontaneously. This work also led to the discovery of new plausible biosynthetic achiral precursors in the Nitraria metabolism.
Keep all mobile users′ whereabouts secure: a radio frequency identification protocol anti‐tracking in 5G
Authors: Yin Xi , Fang Binxing , Jin Shuyuan , Qiu Meikang , Vasilakos Athanasios V. , Xu Yongjun 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIn the fifth generation mobile networks (in short, 5G), radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are embedded in a growing number of personal items, especially in smartphones. The RFID authentication protocols in 5G should be anti‐scanning and privacy‐enhancing, because RFID tags in smartphones often suffer from leaking private trace of mobile users. However, majorities of existing RFID protocols are vulnerable to location‐tracking threats, and to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on back‐end servers. To eliminate these threats, we propose a hash‐based mutual authentication protocol for smartphones in 5G. This protocol protects individuals' location privacy against malicious hidden scanning in public places. By the authentication of RFID readers via hash values, the proposed protocol is robust against the aforementioned threats. Additionally, our authentication efficiency on the tag side is 2H (two hash calculations), which outperforms most of previously reported solutions based on hash, and the tag stores only two vectors (one is k‐bit and the other j‐bit). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of sleep deprivation on the electrophysiological signature of habituation to noxious laser stimuli
Authors: Schuh‐Hofer S. , Baumgärtner U. , Treede R.‐D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundSleep deprivation induces hyperalgesia. However, this pronociceptive effect is not reflected at the electrophysiological level, since sleep restricted subjects show amplitude reduction of Laser‐evoked Potentials (LEP). We aimed to explore the contribution of habituation to this paradoxical LEP amplitude decline.MethodsWe compared LEP's of 12 healthy students (23.2 ± 1.1 years) after habitual sleep (HS) and a night of total sleep deprivation (TSD). Twelve repetitive laser stimulus blocks (each comprising twenty stimuli) were applied under three attention conditions (‘focusing’ – ‘neutral’ – ‘distraction’ condition). Stimulus blocks were split in part 1 (stimulus 1–10) and part 2 (stimulus 11–20). The contribution of habituation to the TSD‐induced LEP amplitude decline was studied by calculating the percentage amplitude reduction of part 2 as compared to part 1. Individual sleepiness levels were correlated with (1) averaged LEP's and (2) the degree of habituation.ResultsTSD induced hyperalgesia to laser stimuli (p < 0.001). In contrast, depending on the attention condition, the P2 amplitude of the N2P2‐complex was significantly reduced (‘focusing’: p = 0.004; ‘neutral’: p = 0.017; distraction: p = 0.71). Habituation of the P2 amplitude to radiant heat was increased after TSD (‘focusing’: p = 0.04; ‘neutral’: p < 0.001; distraction: p = 0.88). TSD had no significant effect on N1 amplitudes (p > 0.05). Individual sleepiness correlated negatively with averaged P2 amplitudes (p = 0.02), but not with the degree of habituation (p = 0.14).ConclusionTSD induces hyperalgesia and results in attention‐dependent enhanced habituation of the P2 component. Increased habituation may – to a substantial degree – explain the TSD‐induced LEP‐amplitude decline.For this article, a commentary is available at the Wiley Online Library.
Towards High‐Throughput Coating and Printing of Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: A Review and Cost Analysis of Current and Future Methods
Authors: Sandström Andreas , Edman Ludvig 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA revolution is ongoing in the field of artificial light emission, with two prime examples being the quickly growing application of the energy‐efficient light‐emitting diode (LED) in illumination and the introduction of the high‐contrast organic LED (OLED) display in various handheld appliances. It is anticipated that the next big breakthrough will constitute the emergence of a true low‐cost technology, which features novel and attractive form factors such as flexibility, light‐weight, and large‐area emission. To realize this challenging vision, it is mandatory to identify an emissive technology that can be fabricated in a low‐energy and material‐conservative manner. In this context, recent demonstrations of a roll‐to‐roll (R2R) compatible coating and printing of thin‐film light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) on flexible substrates are highly interesting. Here, we review these achievements, and perform a first analysis of the merits of different LEC fabrication methods with regard to material consumption, capital investment, running cost, and throughput. Among our findings we mention a fault‐tolerant, small‐volume batch fabrication of LEC devices using spray sintering, which can be executed at a low installment cost of 100 000 €, but where the large‐area devices currently carry a fabrication cost tag of 14 000 € m−2. The true appeal of the technology is, therefore, better visualized in the high‐volume R2R‐coating scenario, for which the installment cost is 20 times higher, but where the projected price tag is much more attractive (11 € per m2). If such flexible and light‐weight (and potentially metal‐free) sheets are driven at a luminance of 1000 cd m−2, the cost per lumen is a mere 0.0036 € lm−1, which is one order of magnitude lower than the projected future costs for LEDs and OLEDs.
Effect of electroconvulsive seizures on pattern separation
Authors: Svensson Maria , Grahm Matilda , Ekstrand Joakim , Movahed‐Rad Pouya , Johansson Mikael , Tingström Anders 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTStrategies employing different techniques to inhibit or stimulate neurogenesis have implicated a role for adult‐born neurons in the therapeutic effect of antidepressant drugs, as well as a role in memory formation. Electroconvulsive seizures (ECS), an animal model of electroconvulsive therapy, robustly stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis, but it is not known how this relates to either therapeutic efficacy or unwanted cognitive side effects. We hypothesized that the ECS‐derived increase in adult‐born neurons would manifest in improved pattern separation ability, a memory function that is believed to be both hippocampus‐dependent and coupled to neurogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we stimulated neurogenesis in adult rats by treating them with a series of ECS and compared their performances in a trial‐unique delayed nonmatching‐to‐location task (TUNL) to a control group. TUNL performance was analyzed over a 12‐week period, during which newly formed neurons differentiate and become functionally integrated in the hippocampal neurocircuitry. Task difficulty was manipulated by modifying the delay between sample and choice, and by varying the spatial similarity between target and distracter location. Although animals learned the task and improved the number of correct responses over time, ECS did not influence spatial pattern separation ability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HLA‐A, HLA‐B, and HLA‐DRB1 Allele and Haplotype Frequencies in Renal Transplant Candidates in a Population in Southern Brazil
Authors: Saito Patrícia Keiko , Yamakawa Roger Haruki , Noguti Erika Noda , Bedendo Gustavo Borelli , Júnior Waldir Veríssimo da Silva , Yamada Sérgio Seiji , Borelli Sueli Donizete 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundVery few studies have examined the diversity of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in the Brazilian renal transplant candidates.MethodsThe frequencies of the HLA‐A, HLA‐B, and HLA‐DRB1 alleles, haplotypes and phenotypes were studied in 522 patients with chronic renal failure, renal transplant candidates, registered at the Transplant Centers in north/northwestern Paraná State, southern Brazil. Patients were classified according to the ethnic group (319 whites [Caucasians], 134 mestizos [mixed race descendants of Europeans, Africans, and Amerindians; browns or “pardos”] and 69 blacks). The HLA typing was performed by the polymerase chain reaction sequence‐specific oligonucleotide method (PCR‐SSO), combined with Luminex technology.ResultsIn the analysis of the total samples, 20 HLA‐A, 32 HLA‐B, and 13 HLA‐DRB1 allele groups were identified. The most frequent allele groups for each HLA locus were HLA‐A*02 (25.4%), HLA‐B*44 (10.9%), and HLA‐DRB1*13 (13.9%). The most frequent haplotypes were HLA‐A*01‐B*08‐DRB1*03 (2.3%), A*02‐B*44‐DRB1*07 (1.2%), and A*03‐B*07‐DRB1*11 (1.0%). Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the HLA‐A*68, B*08, and B*58 allele frequencies among ethnic groups.ConclusionsThis study provides the first data on the HLA‐A, HLA‐B, and HLA‐DRB1 allele, phenotype and haplotype frequencies of renal transplant candidates in a population in southern Brazil.
Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of an oral extended‐release capsule formulation of carbidopa‐levodopa (IPX066) with immediate‐release carbidopa‐levodopa (Sinemet®), sustained‐release carbidopa‐levodopa (Sinemet® CR), and carbidopa‐levodopa‐entacapone (Stalevo®)
Authors: Hsu Ann , Yao Hsuan‐Ming , Gupta Suneel , Modi Nishit B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIPX066 (extended‐release carbidopa‐levodopa [ER CD‐LD]) is an oral extended‐release capsule formulation of carbidopa and levodopa. The single‐dose pharmacokinetics of ER CD‐LD (as 2 capsules; total dose, 97.5 mg‐390 mg CD‐LD) versus immediate‐release (IR) CD‐LD (25 mg‐100 mg), sustained‐release (CR) CD‐LD (25 mg‐100 mg), and CD‐LD‐entacapone (25 mg‐100 mg‐200 mg) was evaluated in healthy subjects. Following IR dosing, LD reached peak concentrations (Cmax) at 1 hour; LD concentrations then decreased rapidly and were less than 10% of peak by 5 hours. With CR CD‐LD and CD‐LD‐entacapone, LD Cmax occurred at 1.5 hours, and concentrations were less than 10% of peak by 6.3 and 7.5 hours, respectively. The initial increase in LD concentration was similar between ER CD‐LD and IR CD‐LD and faster than for CR CD‐LD and CD‐LD‐entacapone. LD concentrations from ER CD­­‐LD were sustained for approximately 5 hours and did not decrease to 10% of peak until 10.1 hours. Dose‐normalized LD Cmax values for ER CD‐LD were significantly lower (P< .05) than for the other CD‐LD products. Bioavailability of LD from ER CD‐LD was 83.5%, 78.3%, and 58.8% relative to IR CD‐LD, CR CD‐LD, and CD‐LD‐entacapone, respectively.
The highest utilizers of care: Individualized care plans to coordinate care, improve healthcare service utilization, and reduce costs at an academic tertiary care center
Authors: Mercer Tim , Bae Jon , Kipnes Joanna , Velazquez Maureen , Thomas Samantha , Setji Noppon 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDHigh utilizers are medically and psychosocially complex, have high rates of emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions, and contribute to rising healthcare costs.OBJECTIVEDevelop individualized care plans to reduce unnecessary healthcare service utilization and hospital costs for complex, high utilizers of inpatient and ED care.DESIGNQuality‐improvement intervention with a retrospective pre/post intervention analysis.SETTINGNine hundred twenty‐four–bed tertiary academic medical center.PATIENTSTwenty‐four medically and psychosocially complex patients with the highest rates of inpatient admissions and ED visits from August 1, 2012 to August 31, 2013.INTERVENTIONA multidisciplinary team developed individualized care plans integrated into our electronic medical record (EMR) that summarize patient histories, utilization patterns, and management strategies.MEASUREMENTSPrimary outcomes included inpatient admissions, ED visits, and corresponding variable direct costs 6 and 12 months after care‐plan implementation. Secondary outcomes include inpatient length of stay (LOS) and 30‐day readmissions.RESULTSHospital admissions decreased by 56% (P < 0.001) and 50.5% (P = 0.003), 6 and 12 months after care‐plan implementation. Thirty‐day readmissions decreased by 66% (P < 0.001) and 51.5% (P = 0.002), 6 and 12 months after care‐plan implementation. ED visits, ED costs, and inpatient LOS did not significantly change. Inpatient variable direct costs were reduced by 47.7% (P = 0.001) and 35.8% (P = 0.052), 6 and 12 months after care‐plan implementation.CONCLUSIONSIndividualized care plans developed by a multidisciplinary team and integrated with the existing healthcare workforce and EMR reduce hospital admissions, 30‐day readmissions, and hospital costs for complex, high‐utilizing patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:419–424. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Can People Recollect Well and Change Their Source Memory Bias of “Aha!” Experiences?
Authors: Du Xiumin , Zhang Ke , Wang Jiali , Luo Junlong , Luo Jing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough many scientific discoveries were frequently reported as kinds of insightful breakthrough that suddenly illuminated in one's mind, we can never exactly know whether these afterward reports were reliable or not. In this study, subjects were asked to solve a list of Remote Associate Test problems and got both subsets of the insightfully and routinely solved items. Then, this study examined whether people can recollect their “Aha!” experiences as well as “non‐Aha” ones. It was found that subjects were more accurate in recollecting their Aha! experiences relative to the routine ones. The study further examined if the report bias of Aha! or non‐Aha problem solving experiences could be changed by the afterward‐suggestive information that indicated the discovery is unique (rare) or not. It was found that the tendency for participants to falsely recollect their routine problem solving experience as Aha! ones if they were told the item they had solved was very rare, and the tendency to falsely recollect the Aha! problem solving experiences as routine ones if the item were said to be common.
Farmed and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) volatile metabolites: a comparative study by SPME‐GC/MS
Authors: Vidal Natalia P , Manzanos María J , Goicoechea Encarnación , Guillén María D 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDFarmed and wild European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) could be distinguished by its volatile metabolites, an issue not addressed until now. The aim of this work was to study these metabolites by solid‐phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC/MS).RESULTSBoth farmed and wild sea bass have a great number of volatile metabolites, most of them being in low concentrations. These include alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, alkylfurans, acids, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, terpenes, sulfur and nitrogen derivatives, 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol and one derived compound, as well as 2,4,7,9‐tetramethyl‐5‐decyne‐4,7‐diol, this latter compound presumably resulting from environmental contamination. Important differences have been detected between both types of sea bass, and also among individuals inside each group. Farmed specimens are richer in volatile metabolites than the wild counterparts; however, these latter, in general, contain a high number and abundance of metabolites resulting from microbial and enzymatic non‐oxidative activity than the former.CONCLUSIONSClear differences in the volatile metabolites of wild and farmed sea bass have been found. A great deal of valuable information on sea bass volatile metabolites has been obtained, which can be useful in understanding certain aspects of the quality and safety of raw and processed sea bass. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The Role of Place Image Dimensions in Residents' Support for Tourism Development
Authors: Stylidis Dimitrios 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUnderstanding residents' perceptions of tourism impacts and their level of support for its development is considered vital for the sustainable development of tourism. Despite the plethora of factors examined as determinants of residents' attitudes toward tourism, the role of residents' place image has been under‐examined. This study developed a model examining the relationships between residents' place image dimensions, perceived tourism impacts and support for development. Findings suggest that two (physical appearance, social environment) out of the four place image dimensions identified in this study exercise a significant effect on residents' attitudes toward tourism. The theoretical and practical implications to the formation of planning and development programs for tourism are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Parallel Computing Framework for Finding the Supported Solutions to a Biobjective Network Optimization Problem
Authors: Medrano Fernando Antonio , Church Richard Lee 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSolving multi‐objective combinatorial optimization problems can quickly become computationally challenging when applied to large networks generated from big data. Present‐day first‐rate Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) solvers have parallelism built‐in to take advantage of multicore architectures; but specialized network optimization algorithms that can often solve graph problems more efficiently than a general MIP solver are typically programmed serially. Thus, these network algorithm implementations do not take full advantage of modern multicore computer capabilities. Many parallel computing languages include a fork/join framework into their concurrency packages that allow for simple conversion of recursive serial algorithms to operate in parallel without having to use complicated low‐level message‐passing interfaces. Fork/join is particularly well suited to divide and conquer algorithms such as Non‐Inferior Set Estimation (NISE) method for computing the supported Pareto front of a multi‐objective optimization problem. This work develops a simple general parallel NISE (pNISE) implementation using the Java 7 concurrency tools, and then offers results from a specific implementation of solving a bi‐objective shortest path problem. The results indicate that this method is capable of sizeable speed‐ups on both small‐scale personal computers as well as large‐scale shared memory supercomputers. Finally, other network problems suitable to this method are discussed, including multi‐objective variants of the minimum spanning tree problem, transportation problem, assignment problem, maximum flow problem, and the minimum‐cost flow problem. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic evaluation of occupational therapy in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sturkenboom Ingrid H.W.M. , Hendriks Jan C.M. , Graff Maud J.L. , Adang Eddy M.M. , Munneke Marten , Nijhuis‐van der Sanden Maria W.G. , Bloem Bastiaan R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundA large randomized clinical trial (the Occupational Therapy in Parkinson's Disease [OTiP] study) recently demonstrated that home‐based occupational therapy improves perceived performance in daily activities of people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of this intervention.MethodsWe performed an economic evaluation over a 6‐month period for both arms of the OTiP study. Participants were 191 community‐dwelling PD patients and 180 primary caregivers. The intervention group (n = 124 patients) received 10 weeks of home‐based occupational therapy; the control group (n = 67 patients) received usual care (no occupational therapy). Costs were assessed from a societal perspective including healthcare use, absence from work, informal care, and intervention costs. Health utilities were evaluated using EuroQol‐5d. We estimated cost differences and cost utility using linear mixed models and presented the net monetary benefit at different values for willingness to pay per quality‐adjusted life‐year gained.ResultsIn our primary analysis, we excluded informal care hours because of substantial missing data for this item. The estimated mean total costs for the intervention group compared with controls were €125 lower for patients, €29 lower for caregivers, and €122 higher for patient–caregiver pairs (differences not significant). At a value of €40,000 per quality‐adjusted life‐year gained (reported threshold for PD), the net monetary benefit of the intervention per patient was €305 (P = 0.74), per caregiver €866 (P = 0.01) and per patient–caregiver pair €845 (P = 0.24).ConclusionIn conclusion, occupational therapy did not significantly impact on total costs compared with usual care. Positive cost‐effectiveness of the intervention was only significant for caregivers. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Toward a Cancer Drug of Fungal Origin
Authors: Kornienko Alexander , Evidente Antonio , Vurro Maurizio , Mathieu Véronique , Cimmino Alessio , Evidente Marco , van Otterlo Willem A. L. , Dasari Ramesh , Lefranc Florence , Kiss Robert 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough fungi produce highly structurally diverse metabolites, many of which have served as excellent sources of pharmaceuticals, no fungi‐derived agent has been approved as a cancer drug so far. This is despite a tremendous amount of research being aimed at the identification of fungal metabolites with promising anticancer activities. This review discusses the results of clinical testing of fungal metabolites and their synthetic derivatives, with the goal to evaluate how far we are from an approved cancer drug of fungal origin. Also, because in vivo studies in animal models are predictive of the efficacy and toxicity of a given compound in a clinical situation, literature describing animal cancer testing of compounds of fungal origin is reviewed as well. Agents showing the potential to advance to clinical trials are also identified. Finally, the technological challenges involved in the exploitation of fungal biodiversity and procurement of sufficient quantities of clinical candidates are discussed, and potential solutions that could be pursued by researchers are highlighted.