bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of polyphosphate kinase gene deletion on polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation and carbon metabolism in Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Casey William T. , Nikodinovic‐Runic Jasmina , Fonseca Garcia Pilar , Guzik Maciej W. , McGrath John W. , Quinn John P. , Cagney Gerard , Prieto Maria Auxiliadora , O'Connor Kevin E. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe primary enzyme involved in polyphosphate (polyP) synthesis, polyP kinase (ppk), has been deleted in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. This has resulted in a threefold to sixfold reduction in polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation compared with the wild type under conditions of nitrogen limitation, with either temperature or oxidative (H2O2) stress, when grown on glucose. The accumulation of PHA by Δppk mutant was the same as the wild type under nitrogen‐limiting growth conditions. There was no difference in polyP levels between wild‐type and Δppk strains under all growth conditions tested. In the Δppk mutant proteome, polyP kinase (PPK) was undetectable, but up‐regulation of the polyp‐associated proteins polyP adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) kinase (PpnK), a putative polyP adenosine monophosphate (AMP) phosphotransferase (PP_1752), and exopolyphosphatase was observed. Δppk strain exhibited significantly retarded growth with glycerol as carbon and energy source (42 h of lag period compared with 24 h in wild‐type strain) but similar growth to the wild‐type strain with glucose. Analysis of gene transcription revealed downregulation of glycerol kinase and the glycerol facilitator respectively. Glycerol kinase protein expression was also downregulated in the Δppk mutant. The deletion of ppk did not affect motility but reduced biofilm formation. Thus, the knockout of the ppk gene has resulted in a number of phenotypic changes to the mutant without affecting polyP accumulation.
Simple cost analysis of a rural dental training facility in Australia
Authors: Lalloo Ratilal , Massey Ward 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIntroductionStudent clinical placements away from the university dental school clinics are an integral component of dental training programs. In 2009, the School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, commenced a clinical placement in a remote rural community in Australia. This paper presents a simple cost analysis of the project from mid‐2008 to mid‐2011.MethodsAll expenditures of the project are audited by the Financial and Planning Services unit of the university. The budget was divided into capital and operational costs, and the latter were further subdivided into salary and non‐salary costs, and these were further analysed for the various types of expenditures incurred. The value of the treatments provided and income generated is also presented.ResultsRemote rural placements have additional (to the usual university dental clinic) costs in terms of salary incentives, travel, accommodation and subsistence support. However, the benefits of the placement to both the students and the local community might outweigh the additional costs of the placement.Conclusions and implicationsBecause of high costs of rural student clinical placements, the financial support of partners, including the local Shire Council, state/territory and Commonwealth governments, is crucial in the establishment and ongoing sustainability of rural dental student clinical placements.
Where you live matters: Challenges and opportunities to address the urban–rural divide through innovative secondary cardiac rehabilitation programs
Authors: Sangster Janice , Furber Susan , Phongsavan Philayrath , Allman‐Farinelli Margaret , Redfern Julie , Bauman Adrian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveOnly one third of clinically eligible patients attend a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. Few studies have looked at participation in rural cardiac patients. This paper examines the risk profile and participation in CR of rural and urban residents with cardiac disease who enrolled in a telephone coaching program.Design, setting and participantsComparison of baseline characteristics of 173 urban and 140 rural Australians referred to CR, and who enrolled in a telephone‐based coaching program.Main outcome measuresSociodemographic characteristics, health behaviours and participation in CR programs.ResultsRural residents were more likely to enrol in a telephone coaching secondary prevention program (44.7% versus 25.5%, P < 0.001) than urban residents. For those enrolling in the telephone‐based program, rural participants were more likely to be obese (42.0% rural versus 28.8% urban, P = 0.02), to rate their health as fair or poor (45% versus 24.3%, P < 0.001) and less likely to be sufficiently physically active (35.3% versus 53.2%, P = 0.002), or follow a special diet for their heart (40.0% versus 56.6%, P = 0.003) compared with urban participants. Those who attended a CR program were more likely to be from an urban location and live closer to a CR program.ConclusionsRural participants in this study had poorer health profiles and attendance at outpatient CR compared with urban participants. This poses challenges for the provision of secondary prevention programs for rural cardiac patients and highlights opportunities to trial innovative delivery models, such as telephone‐based programs, to reach people that would otherwise not have access.
Is clinical oral health poorer in regional areas compared with major city areas?
Authors: Crocombe Leonard A. , Stewart Judith F. , Brennan David S. , Slade Gary D. , Spencer Andrew J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if clinical oral health outcomes differ between people who reside in major city, inner regional and outer regional areas of Australia.DesignData from the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004–06 that used a clustered stratified random sampling design with telephone interviews, standardised oral epidemiological examinations and self‐complete questionnaires were used to compare the clinical oral health.Main outcome measuresDecayed, missing and filled permanent teeth.ParticipantsAustralians aged 15 years or more. Data were weighted by age, sex and regional location to the Estimated Resident Population, bivariate analysis undertaken to determine confounders and multivariate analysis completed with dental caries clinical measures as dependent variables.ResultsInner regional people had a significantly higher decayed, missing and filled teeth than people from major cities (Estimate = 1.15, P < 0.01), but there was no difference between inner and regional areas. Older people had higher outcomes for decayed, missing and filled teeth (15.42, P < 0.01) and missing teeth (9.66, P < 0.01), but less decayed teeth (−0.37, P < 0.01), and people with the highest incomes had lower dental caries experience (−1.34, P < 0.01) and missing teeth (−1.42, P < 0.01).ConclusionDental caries experience was greater in inner regional areas than in major city areas, but not outer regional areas. Dental caries experience was similar in outer regional and major city areas.
Neonatal outcome after trial of labor or elective cesarean section in relation to the indication for the previous cesarean delivery
Authors: Fagerberg Marie C. , Marsal Karel , Källen Karin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the neonatal outcome after a trial of labor (TOL) with that after an elective cesarean section (CS) following one previous cesarean delivery, considering the indication for the first CS.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingSweden.PopulationWomen with their first two deliveries between 1992 and 2007 registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry.MethodsThe risk of low Apgar score (<7 at 5 min) after a TOL was compared with that after an elective CS among 407 159 singletons of women with one previous vaginal delivery and 59 643 singletons of women with one previous CS. The indication for the first‐delivery CS was estimated using a hierarchical system. For each indication group, the odds ratio and 95% CI for low Apgar score, TOL vs. elective CS, was computed.Main outcome measureLow Apgar score.ResultsThe overall risk of low Apgar score was increased in the TOL group (adjusted odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.1), but the estimate differed substantially by the indication for the first CS (p‐value for homogeneity = 0.0001). There was a high risk for low Apgar score after TOL and first CS indication “complications during labor/delivery” (adjusted odds ratio 2.4, 95% CI 1.7–3.4), but low risk with TOL and first CS “without medical indication” (adjusted odds ratio 0.7, 95% CI 0.2–2.1).ConclusionNeonatal outcome might be improved by considering the indication for the first CS when choosing between an elective CS or a TOL for the second delivery.
COMFORT behaviour scale and skin conductance activity: what are they really measuring?
Authors: Tristão Rosana Maria , Garcia Naiara Viudes Martins , de Jesus José Alfredo Lacerda , Tomaz Carlos 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo assess how efficiently the COMFORT behaviour scale measures acute pain in neonates, in comparison with skin conductance activity, a validated measure of pain and stress.MethodsImages of 36 newborns were analysed before, during and after painful heel pricks to measure glucose levels and compared with skin conductance activity variables.ResultsScale indicators and skin conductance variables were sensitive to changes in the periods ‘during‐before’ and ‘during‐after’ (Wilcoxon's test, p < 0.01). Significant values were found between all scale indicators and number of waves for Kendall's coefficient (p < 0.05), although responses differed when it came to how long they took to increase and correlations varied from fair to moderate (r < 0.6). Facial tension was more closely related to 15 sec after the painful event, while crying and calmness were more closely related to the later intervals (30 and 180 sec).ConclusionAll scale indicators were related to skin conductance activity in all periods, indicating pain perception. Facial tension was the most efficient indicator, while others varied in performance after painful events and possibly indicated stress after trauma. These results are discussed from a phenomenological approach and in an anxiety paradigm.
Relationship between stress levels of the antepartum cow and her newborn calf
Authors: Uetake Katsuji , Akiyama Kiyoshi , Tanaka Toshio 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe investigated the relationship of the stress levels of the dam before and after delivery to that of her offspring soon after birth. Eight pregnant cows were penned 7 days before calving. Blood was taken from the jugular vein of cows at −7, 1, 2 and 3 days from calving. Blood was also taken from newborn calves at 6 h and 1 and 2 days after birth. Concentrations of cortisol and immunoglobulin G in blood and colostrum were examined. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that the higher the plasma cortisol concentration of a cow before calving, the higher that of its calf after birth (all P < 0.01). In addition, path analysis demonstrated that the direct effect of the plasma cortisol concentration of the dam before calving on the plasma cortisol concentration of her calf after birth was 0.971 (P < 0.01). However, the colostrum cortisol concentration correlated with neither plasma cortisol concentrations of cows before calving nor that of calves after birth. Unlike cortisol, a clear correlation of immunoglobulin G concentrations in plasma and colostrum was not observed between cows and calves. The results indicate stress is transferred from a cow to her newborn calf not by way of the colostrum but through the placenta.
Californian Strawberries: Mexican Immigrant Women Sharecroppers, Labor, and Discipline
Authors: Sanchez Teresa Figueroa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMexican immigrant women, children and teenagers, and transnational female workers in the strawberry sharecropping industry in California present a problem in social sciences. Although sharecropping studies examine the family within the political economy of agrarian commercial production, the bulk of the research avoids the question of gender and intrafamilial relations inside the family. Based on long‐term ethnographic research, this paper examines the Mexican immigrant strawberry sharecropping household in Santa Maria, California. It finds that sharecropping families do not only organize female workers to supply the needed labor in the strawberry farm, but that they also engender a female labor force by teaching discipline, fostering a work ethic, and producing a docile body to meet the stoop labor needs of strawberry markets. Through a gender focus, this paper adds to our understanding of Mexican female and children workers in rural labor regimes.
The importance of identity and empowerment to teenagers with developmental co‐ordination disorder
Authors: Lingam R. P. , Novak C. , Emond A. , Coad J. E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsThe aim of the current study was to gain an understanding of the experiences and aspirations of young people living with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in their own words.MethodsEleven young people aged 11–16 years with a prior diagnosis of DCD were identified from child health records of two participating NHS trusts. The sample included seven boys and four girls, from different socio‐economic backgrounds living in different parts of one large urban area in England. In depth one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews and subsequent follow‐up small group interviews were carried out with the young people. Interviews were enhanced using participatory arts‐based techniques. All interviews were recorded verbatim and transcribed. Narrative data were analysed using Lindseth's interpretive phenomenology.ResultsThe central theme of ‘We're all different’ described how the young person saw themselves and encompassed the formation of identity. Subthemes illustrated the attitude of the young people to their day to day lives, their difficulties and strategies used by the young people to overcome these difficulties in school and at home. The attitude of the school to difference, the presence of bullying, the accepting nature of the class, teachers and peers were vitally important. Areas of life that encouraged a positive sense of identity and worth included being part of a social network that gave the young people a sense of belonging, potentially one that valued differences as well as similarities.ConclusionThe current work highlights the need for services to adopt a model of DCD where the young person talks about what they can do and considers strategies of overcoming their difficulties. This has implications for education and future intervention strategies that focus on fostering psychological resilience and educational coping strategies rather than simply attempting to improve motor skills.
Contact allergy to common ingredients in hair dyes
Authors: Søsted Heidi , Rustemeyer Thomas , Gonçalo Margarida , Bruze Magnus , Goossens An , Giménez‐Arnau Ana M. , Le Coz Christophe J. , White Ian R. , Diepgen Thomas L. , Andersen Klaus E. , Agner Tove , Maibach Howard , Menné Torkil , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundp‐Phenylenediamine (PPD) is the primary patch test screening agent for hair dye contact allergy, and approximately 100 different hair dye chemicals are allowed.ObjectivesTo examine whether PPD is an optimal screening agent for diagnosing hair dye allergy or whether other clinically important sensitizers exist.MethodsTwo thousand nine hundred and thirty‐nine consecutive patients in 12 dermatology clinics were patch tested with five hair dyes available from patch test suppliers. Furthermore, 22 frequently used hair dye ingredients not available from patch test suppliers were tested in subgroups of ∼ 500 patients each.ResultsA positive reaction to PPD was found in 4.5% of patients, and 2.8% reacted to toluene‐2,5‐diamine (PTD), 1.8% to p‐aminophenol, 1% to m‐aminophenol, and 0.1% to resorcinol; all together, 5.3% (n = 156). Dying hair was the most frequently reported cause of the allergy (55.4%); so‐called ‘temporary henna’ tattoos were the cause in 8.5% of the cases. p‐Methylaminophenol gave a reaction in 20 patients (2.2%), 3 of them with clinical relevance, and no co‐reaction with the above five well‐known hair dyes.ConclusionsHair dyes are the prime cause of PPD allergy. PPD identifies the majority of positive reactions to PTD, p‐aminophenol and m‐aminophenol, but not all, which justifies additional testing with hair dye ingredients from the used product.
Ambulatory arterial stiffness index and nocturnal blood pressure dipping in pregnancies complicated by hypertension
Authors: Kärkkäinen Henna , Saarelainen Heli , Laitinen Tomi , Heiskanen Nonna , Valtonen Pirjo , Laitinen Tiina , Vanninen Esko , Heinonen Seppo 
Published: June 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe study sets out to examine differences in arterial stiffness and nocturnal blood pressure dipping as outcomes in women with gestational hypertension compared with healthy pregnant women during pregnancy and 3 months after delivery.Methods and resultsWe prospectively studied a cohort of 60 women during the third trimester of pregnancy; of them, 28 suffered pregnancy‐induced hypertension or pre‐eclampsia and 32 had uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. Subsequently, 42 of these were re‐examined 3 months after delivery. In women with a hypertensive disorder, the nocturnal fall in blood pressure (dipping) was significantly smaller than in the normotensive group (systolic, P = 0·031; diastolic, P<0·001), but after pregnancy, this difference disappeared (systolic, P = 0·941; diastolic, P = 0·907).Ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) assessed after pregnancy correlated inversely with fasting glucose level during pregnancy (r = −0·580, P = 0·018), both systolic (r = −0·651, P = 0·012) and diastolic (r = −0·687, P = 0·007) nocturnal dipping and total cholesterol concentration after pregnancy (r = −0·526, P = 0·036).ConclusionsA hypertensive disorder during pregnancy was associated with a flattened circadian blood pressure response, which was restored after delivery. Higher arterial stiffness predicted the signs of postpartum metabolic syndrome and correlated also with non‐dipping, especially postpartum.
Epstein–Barr virus reactivation in allogeneic stem cell transplantation is highly related to cytomegalovirus reactivation
Authors: Zallio Francesco , Primon Valeria , Tamiazzo Stefania , Pini Massimo , Baraldi Anna , Corsetti Maria T. , Gotta Franca , Bertassello Claudia , Salvi Flavia , Rocchetti Andrea , Levis Alessandro 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMonitoring of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) load and pre‐emptive rituximab is an appropriate approach to prevent post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) occurring after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This pre‐emptive approach, based on EBV‐DNA monitoring through a quantitative polymerase chain reaction, was applied to 101 consecutive patients who underwent allo HSCT at our Institute (median age 50). A single infusion of rituximab was administered to 11 of 16 patients who were at high risk for progression to PTLD, defined as a DNA value >10 000 copies/mL. All patients cleared EBV DNAemia, without any recurrences. Main factors significantly associated with high risk for PTLD were as follows: (i) unrelated vs. sibling (26% vs. 7%; p = 0.011); (ii) T‐cell depletion (29% vs. 6%; p = 0.001); (iii) graft versus host disease (GVHD; 30% vs. 7%; p = 0.002); and (iv) cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation (29% vs. 4%; p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that CMV reactivation was the only independent variable associated with EBV reactivation. We conclude that: (i) a single infusion of rituximab is able to prevent the risk of progression into EBV‐related PTLD; and (ii) CMV reactivation is strongly associated with EBV reactivation; therefore, an intensive EBV monitoring strategy could be advisable only in case of CMV reactivation.
Integrating ensemble species distribution modelling and statistical phylogeography to inform projections of climate change impacts on species distributions
Authors: Forester Brenna R. , DeChaine Eric G. , Bunn Andrew G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are commonly used to forecast climate change impacts. These models, however, are subject to important assumptions and limitations. By integrating two independent but complementary methods, ensemble SDMs and statistical phylogeography, we addressed key assumptions and created robust assessments of climate change impacts on species distributions while improving the conservation value of these projections.LocationNorth American cordillera.MethodsThis approach was demonstrated using the arctic‐alpine plant Rhodiola integrifolia (Crassulaceae). SDMs were fitted to current and past climates using eight models, two thresholds and one to three climate data sets. These projections were combined to create a map of stable climate (refugia) since the Last Interglacial (124,000 kya). Five biogeographic hypotheses were developed based on the configuration of refugia and tested using statistical phylogeography. Projection of SDMs into the future was contingent on agreement across approaches; future projections (to 2085) used five climate data sets and two greenhouse gas scenarios.ResultsA multiple‐refugia hypothesis was supported by both methods, confirming the assumption of niche conservatism in R. integrifolia and justifying the projection of SDMs onto future climates. Future projections showed substantial loss of climatically suitable habitat. Southern populations had the greatest losses, although the biogeographic scale of modelling may overpredict extinction risks in areas of topographic complexity. Past and future SDMs were assessed for novel values of climate variables; areas of novel climate were flagged as having higher uncertainty.Main conclusionsIntegrating molecular approaches with spatial analyses of species distributions under global change has great potential to improve conservation decision‐making. Molecular tools can support and improve current methods for understanding the vulnerability of species to climate change and provide additional data upon which to base conservation decisions, such as prioritizing the conservation of areas of high genetic diversity to build evolutionary resiliency within populations.