bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entropy‐based spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation regimes in the Huai River basin, China
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zheng Yongjie , Singh Vijay P. , Xiao Mingzhong , Liu Lin 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTSpatiotemporal patterns of precipitation regimes in terms of precipitation amount and number of precipitation days at different time scales are investigated using the entropy‐based methodologies in the Huai River basin, China. Trends of precipitation variability are quantitatively evaluated using the modified Mann–Kendall trend test method. Correlations between the largest 7‐day precipitation amount (R × 7day) and precipitation variability within 1 year are also analysed. Results indicate the following: (1) there is increasing nonuniformity of annual precipitation amount and annual precipitation days from south to north in the Huai River basin, indicating larger precipitation variability in the northern parts. Transition of precipitation changes is evident in the basin which is reflected by decreasing precipitation variability in the north and increasing precipitation variability in the south. (2) The disorder indices (DIs) exhibit variations at different time scales. In general, precipitation variability is larger at shorter time scales, such as daily, and is smaller at longer time scales, such as annual. (3) Significant relations are identified between the DI and extreme precipitation events, i.e. significant relations between apportionment DI and the largest 7‐day precipitation amount and it is particularly the case in the central and southwestern parts. Thus, it can be said that higher precipitation variability is due to higher frequency of extreme precipitation regimes. Results of this study are of practical significance for planning and management of water resources and agricultural irrigation and agricultural activities during climate change and particularly for enhancement of measures for mitigation of consequences of climate change.
Influence of vegetation and building geometry on the spatial variations of air temperature and cooling rates in a high‐latitude city
Authors: Konarska Janina , Holmer Björn , Lindberg Fredrik , Thorsson Sofia 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to provide a better understanding of how vegetation and building geometry influence the spatial distribution of air temperature and nocturnal cooling rates (CR) in a high‐latitude city. Intra‐urban thermal variations were analysed in two seasons (May–September and November–March) and in different weather conditions (clear, calm and cloudy, windy) in Gothenburg, Sweden. Simultaneous air temperature measurements were conducted for 2 years (2012–2013) at ten fixed park and street sites characterized by varying type and amount of vegetation, building geometry, openness and surface cover. Several spatial characteristics, including sky view factor (SVF) as well as the cover and volume of buildings and trees, were calculated within circular areas of radii ranging from 10 to 150 m. Spatial characteristics were found to explain air temperature distribution in the studied area to a large extent throughout the day and year, in both clear, calm as well as cloudy, windy conditions. The highest correlations were found for weighted calculation areas accounting for the influence of both nearest (10 m) and wider (25–150 m) surroundings. Park sites remained cooler than built‐up areas, with the most pronounced cooling effect (0.8 °C) on clear, calm days of the warm season. The most important factor governing CR around sunset was SVF. However, on clear, calm nights of the warm season, they were also enhanced by vegetation, indicating the influence of evapotranspiration. Minimum night‐time air temperature was governed mostly by the presence of buildings. Within the street canyon, a daytime cooling and night‐time warming effect of a street tree was observed, particularly in the warm season. The study shows the importance of various spatial characteristics describing openness, amount of vegetation and building geometry in analysing intra‐urban variations in daytime and night‐time air temperature.
Impact of depth and extent of lymphovascular space invasion on lymph node metastasis and recurrence patterns in endometrial cancer
Authors: Matsuo Koji , Garcia‐Sayre Jocelyn , Medeiros Fabiola , Casabar Jennifer K. , Machida Hiroko , Moeini Aida , Roman Lynda D. 
Published: September 2015

Background and ObjectivesTo determine the significance of depth and extent of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) on lymph node metastasis and recurrence in endometrial cancer.MethodsA case‐control study was conducted to examine LVSI‐positive (n = 70) and LVSI‐negative (n = 641) stage I–III endometrial cancer cases that underwent hysterectomy‐based surgical staging. The risk of lymph node metastasis and distant recurrence was estimated based on LVSI patterns.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, deep (>50% invasion), and extensive (≥7 foci/slide) LVSI patterns had a significantly increased risk of lymph node metastasis (incidence 57.6% and 72.7%, odds ratio 33.8 and 49.9, respectively, P < 0.001) as compared to other traditional uterine factors (>50% myometrial tumor invasion, cervical stromal invasion, and adnexal involvement: incidence range 30.4–37.9%, odds ratio range 3.80–7.03). Deep and extensive of LVSI patterns were both significantly correlated to distant recurrence (P < 0.001). Among women who received postoperative chemotherapy, deep and extensive LVSI patterns did not have increased risks for distant recurrence compared to no LVSI (P = 0.47 and 0.32, respectively). Among women who received postoperative radiotherapy, the depth of LVSI was significantly associated with recurrence outside the radiated field (P = 0.02).ConclusionsDepth and extent of LVSI are important predictors for lymph node metastasis and distant recurrence in endometrial cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:669–676. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new option with the pedicle thoracoacromial artery perforator flap for hypopharyngeal reconstructions
Authors: Zhang Yi Xin , Li Zan , Grassetti Luca , Lazzeri Davide , Nicoli Fabio , Zenn Michael R. , Zhou Xiao , Spinelli Giuseppe , Yu Peirong 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe reconstruction of hypopharyngeal defects should focus on minimizing morbidity in a high‐risk population while achieving adequate functional results with regard to the restoration of speech, swallowing, and airway control. We introduce the clinical application of the thoracoacromial artery perforator (TAAP) flap as a new reconstructive option for hypopharyngeal defects.MethodsThis method was used to restore oncologic hypopharyngeal defects in nine patients: three who had previous irradiation and surgery, one who had previous surgery only, and another who had previous radiotherapy only.ResultsAll of the TAAP flaps of our series were transferred successfully and survived entirely. The donor sites were closed primarily in all cases. No fistulas, stenosis/strictures, dehiscence, or swelling occurred. Pectoralis major muscle function was completely preserved in all patients.ConclusionsThe use of TAAP flap to reconstruct hypopharyngeal defect is a simple and effective method that does not require microsurgical skills. The flap is thin and pliable, with a reliable blood supply.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1315–1320, 2016
Copepod carcasses as microbial hot spots for pelagic denitrification
Authors: Glud Ronnie N. , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Larsen Morten , Tang Kam W. , Arendt Kristine E. , Rysgaard Søren , Thamdrup Bo , Gissel Nielsen Torkel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCopepods are exposed to a high non‐predatory mortality and their decomposing carcasses act as microniches with intensified microbial activity. Sinking carcasses could thereby represent anoxic microenvironment sustaining anaerobic microbial pathways in otherwise oxic water columns. Using non‐invasive O2 imaging, we document that carcasses of Calanus finmarchicus had an anoxic interior even at fully air‐saturated ambient O2 level. The extent of anoxia gradually expanded with decreasing ambient O2 levels. Concurrent microbial sampling showed the expression of nitrite reductase genes (nirS) in all investigated carcass samples and thereby documented the potential for microbial denitrification in carcasses. The nirS gene was occasionally expressed in live copepods, but not as consistently as in carcasses. Incubations of sinking carcasses in 15
amended seawater demonstrated denitrification, of which on average 34% ± 17% (n = 28) was sustained by nitrification. However, the activity was highly variable and was strongly dependent on the ambient O2 levels. While denitrification was present even at air‐saturation (302 μmol L−1), the average carcass specific activity increased several orders of magnitude to ∼ 1 nmol d−1 at 20% air‐saturation (55 μmol O2 L−1) at an ambient temperature of 7°C. Sinking carcasses of C. finmarchicus therefore represent hotspots of pelagic denitrification, but the quantitative importance as a sink for bioavailable nitrogen is strongly dependent on the ambient O2 level. The importance of carcass associated denitrification could be highly significant in O2 depleted environments such as Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZ).
Developing an instrument to self‐evaluate the Discharge Planning of Ward Nurses
Authors: Sakai Shima , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko , Takai Yukari , Fukahori Hiroki , Ogata Yasuko 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimsTo develop the Discharge Planning of Ward Nurses (DPWN), a Japanese self‐evaluation instrument for ward nurses' discharge planning practices.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsParticipants were 624 ward nurses from six hospitals in Japan with a discharge planning department. Items about discharge planning practices were collected from literature and interviews with nurses and researchers. Construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability were tested.ResultsInitially, 55 items were collected. Examination of the floor effect, item‐total, good–poor analyses and exploratory factor analysis yielded a four‐factor model with 24 items (‘teaching home‐care skills with community/hospital professionals,’ ‘identifying clients’ potential needs early in the discharge process,’ ‘introducing social resources’ and ‘identifying client/family wishes and building consensus for discharge’). The four‐factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The DPWN correlated with scales ascertaining similar concepts, supporting concurrent validity. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were generally satisfactory.
Thermal kinetics and thermo‐mechanical properties of graphene integrated fluoroelastomer
Authors: Wei Junhua , Zhang Xin , Qiu Jingjing , Weeks Brandon L. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, the thermal properties of a fluoroelastomer enhanced by graphene were systematically investigated. Although graphene oxide (GO) is the most popular and cheapest source for graphene, its chemical and thermal properties were quite different from reduced graphene oxide (RGO). By comparing their influences on the thermal properties of elastomer, the effects from chemical structures and morphologies of graphene were analyzed. As the vulcanization and decomposition determine the properties of the elastomer proved by significantly different thermo‐mechanical properties of the fluoroelastomer reinforced by GO and RGO presented, this work provides a method to ultimate utilize graphene to reinforce elastomer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1691–1700
Do Periglacial Landscapes Exist? A Discussion of the Upland Landscapes of Northern Interior Yukon, Canada
Authors: French Hugh M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMuch of the northern interior Yukon was never‐glaciated during the Quaternary. It has experienced cold and arid conditions for several millions of years. It represents one of the closest approximations that exist today of a periglacial landscape and provides an opportunity to assess conceptual models of periglacial landscape evolution. The terrain of two upland areas, Eagle Plain and the Barn Mountains foothills, casts doubt upon the widely‐assumed rapidity of periglacial landscape modification and suggests that the complete footprint of periglaciation is rarely achieved in upland terrain. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paper No P12: Transparent Conductive Electrode Based on Hydrogen Doped Zinc Oxide for OLED Application
Authors: Chen Shuming , Wang Sisi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA transparent and conductive electrode based on hydrogen (H) doped ZnO has been proposed for active‐matrix (AM) display applications. With optimal H plasma power and treat time, the resultant ZnO:H exhibits a low sheet resistance of 200 ohm/sq at a thickness of 150 nm. The demonstrated transparent and conductive ZnO:H can serve as electrode for LCD or OLED as well as S/D electrode for ZnO TFT. With proposed ZnO:H electrode, two photomask steps can be reduced in the fabrication of ZnO TFT‐based AM backplanes.
Paper No P02: UV Penetration Depth in Hybrid‐Aligned Reverse Mode Liquid Crystal Cell
Authors: Yamaguchi Rumiko , Takatsu Tomoya , Inoue Koichi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe have prepared reverse mode liquid crystal cells with a hybrid alignment by using polymer stabilized effect. In a polymerization process, a UV penetration depth in the cell from a vertical aligned side is estimated about two times longer than that from a planer aligned side, which results in a change of polymer morphology. The UV irradiation from the planer side gives a higher contrast ratio by the planer aligned polymer rich layer.
Paper No P04: Assessment of Liquid Crystal Display Image Defects by Pixel Capacitance Measurement based on Electrical Model for Panel Design
Authors: Miyake Yasuhiro , Ota Atsuto , Nishimura Hidekazu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article proposes the assessment of liquid crystal display (LCD) image defects based on electrical models which are also used for the design of liquid crystal (LC) cell panels. The effects of image defects on a LC pixel electrical model are analyzed, and the test method for assessing image defects using the electrical model is provided. Experimental results show the validity of the analysis and effectiveness of the proposed test method.
Paper No P09: Electrically Tunable Grating Using Holographic Polymer Templated Blue Phase Liquid Crystal
Authors: Chen Chao Ping , He Zhenghong , Li Yan , Su Yikai 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate an alternative approach to fabricating an electrically tunable holographic polymer‐templated blue phase liquid crystal grating. This grating is obtained by preforming a polymer grating template, and then refilling it with the blue phase liquid crystal. Compared with conventional holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal gratings, its driving voltage can be reduced to 43 V, while maintaining sub‐millisecond response time.
Paper No P17: Highly Efficient Green Phosphorescent Top‐Emitting Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with IZO/Ag/IZO Reflective Electrode
Authors: Kim Jeonggi , Han Songi , Jang Jin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we report that IZO/Ag/IZO multilayer could be used as reflective electrode for top emitting OLED. A further investigation on top emitting OLED with cohost EML demonstrates better charge injection and improve efficiency. The device showed a maximum current efficiency of 130 cd/A, a maximum power efficiency of 144 lm/W. Moreover, the efficiency roll off was small long‐lasting to 20,000 cd/m2 with current efficiencies of 111.8 cd/A at 10,000 cd/m2 and 102.6 cd/A at 20,000 cd/m2, respectively.
Paper No P18: Study of Interfacial Treatment on the Metal‐Oxide Electron Transport Layer in the InP Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim J. , Jang I. , Ippen C. , Kim Y. , Kim W. K. , Wedel A. , Park S. K. , Han C. J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this article, we describe the effect of ethanolamine (EA) surface treatment on the inverted InP quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) with inorganic metal oxide layers. The efficiency of the inverted QD‐LEDs was significantly enhanced by EA treatment and optimization of the ZnO annealing temperature.
Paper No P22: A Study on the Characteristics of IZO‐TFTs with High‐k HfSiOx Gate Insulator Annealed in Various Conditions
Authors: Lim Yoo Seong , Im Yong Jin , Ha Seung Soo , Park Chan Hee , Jang Min‐hyung , Choi Seung‐il , Park Ji‐in , Yi Moonsuk 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the enhanced performance of IZO‐based TFTs with HfSiOx gate insulators. HfSiOx gate insulators, annealed at various conditions, are deposited by co‐sputtering of HfO2 and Si. The HfSiOx structural properties are investigated using AFM, XRD, and XPS techniques. Furthermore, the electrical characteristics are analyzed to investigate the effect of annealing conditions. We obtain optimal results for TFTs with HfSiOx gate insulators annealed for 1 h at 100°C, with a saturation mobility of 1.2 cm2/V·s, threshold voltage of 2.2 V, Ion/Ioff ratio of 2.0 × 106, and insulator surface roughness of 0.187 nm RMS.
Paper No P23: Effect on Electrical Performance TiOx Doped InZnO Thin‐Film Transistor (TFT)
Authors: Park Chanhee , Lim Yooseong , Ha Seungsoo , Im Yongjin , Jang Minhyung , Choi Seung‐il , Park Ji‐in , Yi Moonsuk 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe investigated the electrical performance of TiOx‐IZO Thin‐Film Transistor (TFT) changing the target composition ratio of IZO, and Radio‐Frequency (RF) power of Titanium target. Titanium and IZO target were co‐sputtered by using RF magnetron co‐sputtering system. The samples were postannealed in the air, at 300°C for 1 h. When the formation of TiOx‐IZO rises in the film, it causes the oxygen vacancy in the film not to generate, and to suppress the carrier concentration.
Paper No P26: Design of Structured Surfaces and Anisotropic Materials for Display and Photonic Applications
Authors: Bezborodov V. , Zhylinski V. , Chernik A. , Bogomazova N. , Zharski I. , Smirnov A. , Stsiapanau A. , Lapanik V. , Mikhalyonok S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this article, we show how inorganic and organic structured surfaces, anisotropic materials can be prepared and used for display and photonic applications. The presented results demonstrate that the design of anisotropic materials, the electrochemical formation of structured surfaces, and their combination can provide desirable variations in the anisotropic material properties; in the parameters of structured surfaces for improved satisfaction of the requirements for using them as the components for display and photonic applications.
Paper No P28: Electric and Magnetic Fields in ORW Technology
Authors: Semina O. A. , Dubtsov A. V. , Shmeliova D. V. , Pasechnik S. V. , Chigrinov V. G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present the results of investigation of electric (magnetic) fields action on the light induced changes of a surface orientation of a liquid crystal (LC) contacted with photoaligned surfaces. The application of the obtained results in optical rewritable (ORW) technology is considered.
Paper No S10.1: Emerging Materials and Processes for Quantum Dots based Display Technology (Invited Paper)
Authors: Zhong Haizheng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractQuantum dots have size‐ and composition‐ tunable photoluminescence and can provide saturated colors for display technology. The use of QDs in display technology strongly relies on the materials science as well as process technique. Here I present some of emerging materials including pervoskite QDs, alloyed nanocrystals and their corresponding process techniques for display applications.
Paper No S10.3: Efficiency Enhancement of InP‐Based Inverted QD‐LEDs by Polyethylenimine‐Modified Al:ZnO Layer
Authors: Kim Yohan , Ippen Christian , Wedel Armin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we report efficiency enhancement of indium phosphide (InP) quantum dot‐based light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) using polyethylenimine (PEI) surface modifier. Adapting solution processed PEI layer on top of the aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (Al:ZnO) nanoparticle (NP) layer, the leakage current of inverted device was suppressed and electron injection into conduction band of InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs also facilitated by interfacial dipoles of thin PEI layer. As a results, the current efficiency was dramatically increased from 0.07 cd/A to 2.84 cd/A.
Paper No S11.3: On the Value and Impact of a Display Measurement Standard
Authors: Miseli Joe 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
“Standards play an important role in everyday life. … They can specify performance of products…. They also can define terms so that there is no misunderstanding among those using the standard.” When one wants to buy a display, they have many choices of displays. When they wish to use stated performance characteristics (specification or technical details listing) for the display, they are often filled with omissions, confusing, and sometimes misleading. The correct display measurement standard used properly could help overcome this problem. This paper presents the need for the adoption and adherence to display metrology standards, and uses inconsistencies of the specified characteristics of displays.
Paper No S11.4: High‐Accuracy Imaging Colorimeter
Authors: Wolf Martin , Neumeier Jürgen , Young Richard 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present a new approach to 2D‐imaging colorimetry yielding significantly improved measurement accuracy for virtually all sample sources [1]. This approach essentially combines two important innovations. The first is to use a camera equipped with six optical filters instead of the commonly used three or four channels. This clearly improves the fitting to the human eye's color matching function (CMF). However, simply extending the number of filters, i.e. the number of data acquisition channels will not necessarily improve the measurement accuracy. Here we present how the performance of a six filter CCD‐camera can be enhanced by the use of an advanced matrix optimization employing a set of 20 training sources. This combination guarantees a clearly better overall performance, which is especially advantageous when it comes to measuring typical LEDs.
Paper No S11.5: Colorimetric Evaluation of Directional Variations
Authors: Neumeier Jürgen , Becker Michael E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe introduce an approach for measurement of the directional distribution of light scattered during reflection and transmission (i.e. scattering distribution function, SDF) which is based on evaluation of photometric and colorimetric images rather than on mechanical scanning or conventional conoscopic imaging. Planar and cylindrical samples are illuminated by either point light sources or by linear lamps and the lateral distributions of luminance and chromaticity resulting from scattering are recorded by an advanced imaging colorimeter. The SDFs can be used for evaluation of a range of appearance characteristics (e.g. gloss, sheen, luster, clarity, haze, etc.), their chromaticity components can be applied for characterization of media that change color with direction of illumination and observation.