bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The microvasculature: a target for nutritional programming and later risk of cardio‐metabolic disease
Authors: Musa M. G. , Torrens C. , Clough G. F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThere is compelling evidence that microvascular deficits affecting multiple tissues and organs play an important role in the aetiopathogenesis of cardio‐metabolic disease. Furthermore, both in humans and animal models, deficits in small vessel structure and function can be detected early, often before the onset of macrovascular disease and the development of end‐organ damage that is common to hypertension and obesity‐associated clinical disorders. This article considers the growing evidence for the negative impact of an adverse maternal diet on the long‐term health of her child, and how this can result in a disadvantageous vascular phenotype that extends to the microvascular bed. We describe how structural and functional modifications in the offspring microcirculation during development may represent an important and additional risk determinant to increase susceptibility to the development of cardio‐metabolic disease in adult life and consider the cell‐signalling pathways associated with endothelial dysfunction that may be ‘primed’ by the maternal environment. Published studies were identified that reported outcomes related to the microcirculation, endothelium, maternal diet and vascular programming using NCBI PubMed.gov, MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science databases from 1980 until April 2013 using pre‐specified search terms. Information extracted from over 230 original reports and review articles was critically evaluated by the authors for inclusion in this review.
Eligibility for neoadjuvant/adjuvant cisplatin‐based chemotherapy among radical cystectomy patients
Authors: Thompson R. Houston , Boorjian Stephen A. , Kim Simon P. , Cheville John C. , Thapa Prabin , Tarrel Robert , Dronca Roxana , Costello Brian , Frank Igor 
Published: June 2013

Objective
To determine renal function eligibility for cisplatin‐based chemotherapy using our experience with radical cystectomy (RC) patients.
Patients and Methods
Using the Mayo Clinic Cystectomy Registry, we identified 768 patients treated with RC without neoadjuvant chemotherapy for urothelial carcinoma from 1980–2005.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equation and a value of ≥60 mL/min was considered eligible for cisplatin‐based chemotherapy.
Factors associated with change in GFR (from preoperative to 3‐month postoperative) were assessed using linear regression.
Results
The median age was 68 years, while the median GFR was 60 mL/min both preoperatively and 3 months after RC.
Overall, 405 (53%) patients had a GFR of <60 mL/min before surgery and 387 (50%) had a GFR of <60 mL/min at 3 months after RC.
Patients with hydronephrosis (209 patients) had significantly lower preoperative GFRs than with patients without hydronephrosis (median 52 vs 62 mL/min, respectively; P < 0.001).
Among the 363 patients with a GFR of ≥60 mL/min before RC, 91 (25%) had a decline in renal function to a GFR of <60 mL/min at 3 months after RC.
In multivariable analyses, older age (P < 0.001), higher preoperative GFR (P < 0.001) and continent urinary diversion (P = 0.011) were significantly associated with a negative change in GFR after RC.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that nearly half of patients undergoing RC are not eligible to receive perioperative cisplatin‐based chemotherapy based on renal function status.
About a quarter of patients eligible for cisplatin before surgery are no longer eligible after RC.
Certain patient characteristics and surgical factors are more likely to experience a negative change in GFR after RC and should be counselled accordingly.
Impact of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy on symptoms, health‐related quality of life and sexuality: a medium‐term analysis
Authors: Thibault Frédéric , Costa Pierre , Thanigasalam Ruban , Seni Gilles , Brouzyine Majid , Cayzergues Laure , De Tayrac Renaud , Droupy Stéphane , Wagner Laurent 
Published: June 2013

Objective
To evaluate the impact of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy on symptoms, health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and sexuality among women with symptomatic urogenital prolapse (UGP).
Patients and Methods
A prospective analysis was carried out including 148 women with symptomatic UGP.
Baseline characteristics, medical and obstetric history were recorded.
The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP‐Q) classification was used to stage the UGP. Validated tools were used to evaluate symptoms (Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory, PFDI‐20) and HRQL (Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire, PFIQ‐7). Sexual function was evaluated using the Pelvic organ prolapse urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ‐12).
Measurements were recorded at the preoperative examination, then at 3 and 12 months after surgery. We compared the follow‐up results with preoperative data.
Results
The anatomical results at 3 months showed a significant correction (P < 0.05) relative to the preoperative values, on the three pelvic floor parameters measured, with a clinical relapse rate of 6.3%. This improvement remained significant after 12 months (P < 0.05). There was no difference between the results obtained at 3 months and those at 12 months.
At 3 months compared with the preoperative data, there was a significant improvement in PFDI‐20 total mean score (32.24 vs 94.31, P < 0.05). At 12 months, the improvement remained significant (38.06 vs 94.31, P < 0.05) for all scores compared with the preoperative scores. Again, there was no difference between results at 3 months, and those at 12 months.
The results showed a significant improvement in the PFIQ‐7 score at 3 (16.61 vs 64.04, P < 0.05) and 12 months (18.21 vs 64.04, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the scores at 3 months and those at 12months.
The total PISQ‐12 score was linked significantly to urinary symptoms (P < 0.05), pelvic symptoms (P < 0.05) but not with ano‐rectal ones.
At 3 months, the total mean PISQ‐12 score had improved significantly compared with the preoperative score (35.42 vs 32.07, P < 0.05). At this time, only two items of the PISQ‐12 questionnaire were significantly increased: ‘existence of negative emotions during sexual activity’ (P < 0.05) and ‘the avoidance of sexual activity because of prolapse’ (P < 0.05). The total mean score remained significantly improved at 12 months (36.56 vs 32.07, P < 0.05) and there was no statistical difference compared with the results at 3 months.
Conclusions
Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy resulted in the early improvement (primarily during the first 3 months) of all symptoms, HRQL and sexual function. This improvement was persistent in the medium term.
Symptoms linked with UGP had different effects on sexuality fields.
Anatomical improvement was not related to an improvement in all sexual fields.
A cohort study of digoxin exposure and mortality in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Flahavan Evelyn M. , Sharp Linda , Bennett Kathleen , Barron Thomas I. 
Published: June 2013

Objective
To examine the association between digoxin exposure and mortality in men with prostate cancer using linked Irish National Cancer Registry and pharmacy claims data.
Patients and Methods
Prostate cancer cases were identified from the database and digoxin exposure at prostate cancer diagnosis was identified from prescription claims.
Digoxin users were matched to non‐users using a propensity score to identify men with similar cardiovascular comorbidity.
Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the association between digoxin exposure and all‐cause and prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM).
Analyses were repeated in the propensity score‐matched cohort.
Effect modification of treatment with radiation or androgen‐deprivation therapy by digoxin exposure was also assessed.
Results
In all, 5732 men with a prostate cancer diagnosis (2001–2006) were identified (digoxin exposed, 391). The median follow‐up was 4.3 years.
Digoxin exposure was associated with a small non‐significant increase in PCSM in the full cohort (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.91, 1.42) and the propensity. score‐matched cohort (HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.88, 1.57).
Adjusted HRs for all‐cause mortality were increased for digoxin exposed men (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07, 1.43).
Interactions with treatments received were not significant.
Conclusions
These results suggest digoxin exposure is not associated with reduced PCSM.
Further investigation of other cardiac glycosides that have shown anti‐cancer potential may be warranted.
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in adult liver transplant recipients: a South American multicenter experience
Authors: Mendizabal Manuel , Marciano Sebastián , dos Santos Schraiber Luciana , Zapata Rodrigo , Quiros Rodolfo , Zanotelli Maria Lucia , Rivas María Marta , Kusminsky Gustavo , Humeres Roberto , Alves de Mattos Angelo , Gadano Adrián , Silva Marcelo O. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a major and potentially life‐threatening complication after solid‐organ transplantation. The aim of this study was to describe the disease characteristics, clinical practices, and survival related to PTLD in adult orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients in South America. We conducted a survey at four different transplant groups from Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Among 1621 OLT recipients, 27 developed PTLD (1.7%); the mean age at diagnosis was 53.7 (±14) yr with a mean time of 39.7 (±35.2) months from OLT to PTLD diagnosis. Initial therapy included reduction in immunosuppression alone in 23.1% of the patients. Either rituximab or chemotherapy was employed as initial or second‐line therapy in 76.9% of the patients. PTLD location was frequently extranodal (80.7%) and mostly involving the transplanted liver (59.3%). The overall survival at one and five yr post‐PTLD diagnosis was 53.8% and 46.2%, respectively. Significant univariate risk factors for post‐PTLD mortality included lactate dehydrogenase ≥250 U/L (HR 9.66, p = 0.02), stage III/IV PTLD (HR 5.34, p = 0.004), and HCV infection (HR 7.68, p = 0.01). In conclusion, PTLD in OLT adult recipients is predominantly extranodal, and although mortality is high, long‐term survival is possible.
Catechol‐O‐Methyltransferase Genotype Modulates Opioid Release in Decision Circuitry
Authors: Mitchell Jennifer M. , O'Neil James P. , Jagust William J. , Fields Howard L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractImpulsivity, a risk factor for substance abuse disorders, is modulated by the Val158 variant of the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene. Rodent studies have shown that opioids enhance impulsivity. Furthermore, alcohol consumption leads to endogenous opioid release in the cortex and nucleus accumbens (NAc), and this opioid release is correlated with greater positive hedonic effect. Using the selective mu opioid receptor radioligand [11C] carfentanil, we find that, following alcohol consumption, individuals with the COMT Val158 allele have greater opioid release in the right NAc but less release in medial orbital frontal cortex (OFC). These data suggest that genetic regulation of dopamine levels can affect alcohol consumption in part by modulating endogenous opioid release in specific brain regions implicated in reward, which in turn promotes impulsive choice.
Effect of Hydrogen‐Rich Water on Oxidative Stress, Liver Function, and Viral Load in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Xia Chunxiang , Liu Wenwu , Zeng Dongxiao , Zhu Liyao , Sun Xiaoli , Sun Xuejun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate effects of hydrogen‐rich water (HRW) on oxidative stress, liver function and HBV DNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).MethodsSixty patients with CHB were randomly assigned into routine treatment group or hydrogen treatment group in which patients received routine treatment alone or additional oral HRW (1200–1800 mL/day, twice daily), respectively, for 6 consecutive weeks. Serum oxidative stress, liver function, and HBV DNA level were detected before and after treatment. Thirty healthy subjects served as controls.ResultsWhen compared with controls, oxidative stress was obvious in CHB patients, and the liver function also significantly impaired. After treatment, the oxidative stress remained unchanged in routine treatment group, but markedly improved in hydrogen treatment group. The liver function was improved significantly and the HBV DNA reduced markedly after corresponding treatments. Although a significant difference was noted in the oxidative stress between two groups after treatment, the liver function and HBV DNA level were comparable after treatment and both had improved tendencies.ConclusionHRW significantly attenuates oxidative stress in CHB patients, but further study with long‐term treatment is required to confirm the effect of HRW on liver function and HBV DNA level. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume #: 1–4
The reliability and validity of a research‐grade pedometer for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Maher Carol , Kenyon Amanda , McEvoy Maureen , Sprod Judy 
Published: June 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to determine the reliability, validity, and optimal placement of pedometers in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who ambulate without aids.MethodSeventeen participants aged 7 to 17 years with CP (eight males, nine females; mean age 12y 4mo; SD 3y 2mo), who could ambulate without aids, wore four New Lifestyles pedometers (NL–1000) on an elasticized waist belt. Fourteen participants had hemiplegia, two diplegia, and one triplegia; all were classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I (n=8) or II (n=9). Participants completed 3‐minute walking and running trials around an indoor course and were videotaped to verify the actual number of steps taken during each trial. Inter‐pedometer reliability was determined by comparing pedometer readings using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Validity was determined by comparing pedometer step counts with video step counts using ICC, t‐tests, and Bland–Altman plots. Optimal pedometer placement was determined using Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests to compare the percentage error for pedometers positioned on the dominant and non‐dominant hips.ResultsExcellent reliability (ICC 0.88–0.99) and validity (ICC 0.78–0.95) were demonstrated with no significant difference between the video step counts and pedometer step counts. There was no significant difference between the step counts recorded by pedometers on the dominant and non‐dominant hips.InterpretationThis study showed that NL‐1000 pedometers have a high degree of reliability and validity in ambulant children with CP in controlled conditions.
Sensitivity to itch and pain in patients with psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: van Laarhoven Antoinette I. M. , Kraaimaat Floris W. , Wilder‐Smith Oliver H. , van Riel Piet L. C. M. , van de Kerkhof Peter C. M. , Evers Andrea W. M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSymptoms of itch and pain in chronic inflammatory conditions of psoriasis (PS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can highly affect patients’ quality of life. Studies in other patient groups indicate that sensitivity to itch and pain is altered in line with the patient's main symptom of either chronic itch or pain, as a result of sensitization processes. This study directly compared whether patients with chronic inflammatory conditions associated with chronic itch or pain display a heightened sensitivity to itch and pain, respectively. Sensitivity to itch and pain was measured by applying stimuli of quantitative sensory testing (QST) in female patients with chronic itch due to PS or chronic pain due to RA. Levels of itch and pain evoked by the QST stimuli as well as the tolerance to the stimuli were determined. Patients with PS reacted to the stimuli with a higher itch response (histamine), while the patients with RA displayed a lowered tolerance to the stimuli (cold pressor test and mechanical stimulation) in comparison with the other patient group. In line with previous studies in other patient groups with chronic itch or pain, further support was found that somatosensory stimuli are processed in line with the patients’ main symptom through generic sensitization processes, also in chronic inflammatory conditions such as PS and RA.
Impaired learning of predators and lower prey survival under elevated CO2: a consequence of neurotransmitter interference
Authors: Chivers Douglas P. , McCormick Mark I. , Nilsson Göran E. , Munday Philip L. , Watson Sue‐Ann , Meekan Mark G. , Mitchell Matthew D. , Corkill Katherine C. , Ferrari Maud C. O. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOcean acidification is one of the most pressing environmental concerns of our time, and not surprisingly, we have seen a recent explosion of research into the physiological impacts and ecological consequences of changes in ocean chemistry. We are gaining considerable insights from this work, but further advances require greater integration across disciplines. Here, we showed that projected near‐future CO2 levels impaired the ability of damselfish to learn the identity of predators. These effects stem from impaired neurotransmitter function; impaired learning under elevated CO2 was reversed when fish were treated with gabazine, an antagonist of the GABA‐A receptor – a major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor in the brain of vertebrates. The effects of CO2 on learning and the link to neurotransmitter interference were manifested as major differences in survival for fish released into the wild. Lower survival under elevated CO2, as a result of impaired learning, could have a major influence on population recruitment.
Cognitive impairment, oral self‐care function and dental caries severity in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Chen Xi , Clark Jennifer J. , Chen Hong , Naorungroj Supawadee 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate whether oral self‐care function mediates the associations between cognitive impairment and caries severity in community‐dwelling older adults.BackgroundCognitive impairment affects activities of daily living and compromises oral health, systemic health and quality of life in older adults. However, the associations among cognitive impairment, oral self‐care capacity and caries severity remain unclear. This increases difficulty in developing effective interventions for cognitively impaired patients.Materials and methodsMedical, dental, cognitive and functional assessments were abstracted from the dental records of 600 community‐dwelling elderly. 230 participants were selected using propensity score matching and categorised into normal, cognitive impairment but no dementia (CIND) and dementia groups based on their cognitive status and a diagnosis of dementia. Multivariable regressions were developed to examine the mediating effect of oral self‐care function on the association between cognitive status and number of caries or retained roots.ResultsCognitive impairment, oral self‐care function and dental caries severity were intercorrelated. Multivariable analysis showed that without adjusting for oral self‐care capacity, cognition was significantly associated with the number of caries or retained roots (p = 0.003). However, the association was not significant when oral self‐care capacity was adjusted (p = 0.125). In contrast, individuals with impaired oral self‐care capacity had a greater risk of having a caries or retained root (RR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.15, 2.44).ConclusionOral care capacity mediates the association between cognition and dental caries severity in community‐dwelling older adults.
Release and in vitro skin permeation of polyphenols from cosmetic emulsions
Authors: Zillich O. V. , Schweiggert‐Weisz U. , Hasenkopf K. , Eisner P. , Kerscher M. 
Published: June 2013

SynopsisObjectivePolyphenols are natural antioxidants, which can inhibit oxidative chain reactions in human skin and prevent therefore some skin diseases and premature ageing. A prerequisite of this behaviour is their permeation through the skin barrier, in particular the stratum corneum (SC). In this study, we investigated the skin permeation kinetic of polyphenols, incorporated to semisolid emulsions, and the release of polyphenols from the emulsions.MethodsMixtures of model substances, consisting of catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, quercetin, rutin and protocatechuic acid (PCA), were formulated into o/w emulsions with different oil phase content. The in vitro experiments were carried out in Franz‐type diffusion cells by means of ex vivo pig skin and a cellulose membrane.ResultsThe increased oil content in the emulsion led to a significant decrease in initial release coefficients (Kr), diffusion coefficients within the formulation (Dv) and skin permeation coefficients (Kp), respectively. The study considered the dependence of Kr on molecular weight and lipophilicity of polyphenolics. For both more hydrophilic and more lipophilic substance groups, the values for Kr were inverse proportional to molecular weight. For catechin, quercetin, rutin, resveratrol and PCA, a good correlation between Kp and Kr parameters was obtained. The most permeable substance was PCA (Kp = 1.2·10−3 cm h−1), and the least permeable was quercetin (Kp = 1.5·10−5 cm h−1).ConclusionAll substances could pass the SC barrier and were found mostly in the epidermis and dermis, confirming the potential of polyphenols as anti‐ageing active cosmetic ingredients.
Adolescents' experiences of a two‐year oral health intervention programme in two Swedish secondary schools
Authors: Hedman E , Gabre P , Birkhed D , Lepp M 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo describe adolescents' experiences of participating in a school‐based oral health intervention programme for 2 years containing education about oral health and fluoride varnish treatment at the school clinic.MethodsSixteen adolescents aged 13–16 were interviewed in three focus group sessions. A phenomenographic approach was used for analysis.ResultsThe results are presented as three themes and seven descriptive categories. The three themes were ‘Seeing the dental hygienist’, ‘Treatments at the dental hygiene clinic’ and ‘Education about oral health in class’. The results demonstrate satisfaction with the intervention, such as accessibility, time gain and expanding knowledge. On the other hand, feelings of vulnerability in the treatment sessions were expressed. The fluoride varnish treatment was given both positive and negative reviews. The contact between the participants and the dental hygienist was important, and the opportunity to ask questions about oral health issues was emphasized.ConclusionsBoth positive and negative experiences of the programme were found. Adolescence is a transitional period of life, and for this reason, it is important to create a good working alliance between students and the dental hygienist in future school‐based oral health interventions.