bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-dose vitamin D supplementation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of clinical effects and future directions
Authors: Aderinto Nicholas , Olatunji Gbolahan , Kokori Emmanuel , Ogieuhi Ikponmwosa Jude , Babalola Emmanuel Adetola , Samuel Owolabi , Abraham Israel Charles , Mimi Julia Kwape , Oyesomi Aminnah , Adebayo Yewande Abigail , Egbunu Emmanuel , Ayodeji Akinmeji , Omoworare Oluwatobi Taiwo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This review explores the potential benefits and limitations of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in MS management. We reviewed relevant literature on the effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on relapse rates, disability progression, quality of life, and MRI markers of disease activity in MS patients. Additionally, we discussed the mechanisms by which vitamin D might influence MS, potential adverse effects, and future research directions. Studies suggest that high-dose vitamin D supplementation may reduce relapse rates and improve MRI markers of disease activity in MS. However, the evidence for its impact on disability progression and quality of life remains inconclusive. Vitamin D’s immunomodulatory properties are well-documented, and its potential for neuroprotection and neurogenesis warrants further investigation. High-dose vitamin D supplementation holds promise as a complementary or disease-modifying therapy for MS. However, further robust research is required to solidify its role in clinical practice. Exploring vitamin D’s multifaceted effects on the immune system, neuroprotection, and neurogenesis paves the way for novel therapeutic strategies to improve the lives of individuals with MS.
Deciphering the Mechanism of Better Predictions of Regional LSTM Models in Ungauged Basins
Authors: Yu Qiang , Jiang Liguang , Schneider Raphael , Zheng Yi , Liu Junguo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrediction in ungauged basins (PUB) is a concerning hydrological challenge, prompting the development of various regionalization methods to improve prediction accuracy. The long short‐term memory (LSTM) model has gained popularity in rainfall‐runoff prediction in recent years and has proven applicable in PUB. Prior research indicates that incorporating static attributes in the training of regional LSTM models could improve performance in PUB. However, the underlying reasons for this enhancement have received limited exploration. This study aims to explore the role of static attributes in the training of the regional LSTM model. It is assumed that the regional LSTM model can induce streamflow generation mechanisms with the incorporation of static attributes and apply certain streamflow generation mechanisms to ungauged catchments based on their attributes. To this end, a grouping‐based training strategy is proposed, that is, training and validating regional LSTM models on catchments with similar streamflow generation mechanisms within predefined groups. The training strategies of regional LSTM models, either incorporated with static catchment attributes or based on classification, are conducted in 363 catchments. Results demonstrate a high level of consistency in the enhancement achieved by the two training strategies. Specifically, 192 and 216 catchments exhibit enhancement compared to traditionally trained models without inclusion of attributes, with 132 catchments showing improvement under both training strategies. Furthermore, the findings indicate consistent spatial patterns and attribute distributions of enhanced catchments, as well as the notable improvement in reproducing low flow‐related hydrological signatures.
The Influence of Extratropical Ocean on the PNA Teleconnection: Role of Atmosphere‐Ocean Coupling
Authors: Mori Masato , Tokinaga Hiroki , Kosaka Yu , Nakamura Hisashi , Taguchi Bunmei , Tatebe Hiroaki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern is a major low‐frequency variability in boreal winter. A recent modeling study suggested that PNA variability increases through extratropical atmosphere‐ocean coupling, but the effect was not fully extracted due to a particular experimental design. By comparing coupled and two sets of uncoupled large‐ensemble global model simulations, here we show that the PNA‐induced horseshoe‐shaped sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the North Pacific returns a non‐negligible influence on the PNA itself. Its magnitude depends on the presence or absence of atmosphere‐ocean coupling. The coupling accounts for ∼16% of the PNA variance, while the horseshoe‐shaped SST anomaly explains only 5% under the uncoupled condition. The coupling reduces the damping of available potential energy by modulating turbulent heat fluxes and precipitation, magnifying the PNA variance. Precipitation processes in the extratropics as well as tropics are therefore important for realistically representing PNA variability and thereby regional weather and climate.
Assessing the Response Mechanisms of Elevated CO2 Concentration on Various Forms of Nitrogen Losses in the Golden Corn Belt
Authors: Zhang Yingqi , Han Yiwen , Wen Na , Qi Junyu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Marek Gary W. , Srinivasan Raghavan , Feng Puyu , Liu De Li , Hu Kelin , Chen Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNitrogen (N) loss is a significant source of water quality pollution in alluvial watersheds. However, the mechanisms linking N loss and elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2) are not well recognized. In this study, we comprehensively calibrated the SWAT model equipped with a dynamic CO2 input and response module to investigate the response mechanisms between multiform N losses and eCO2 in a representative large‐scale watershed. Results revealed nitrate loss under eCO2 exceeding 100% in some upstream zones under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario (P < 0.05) compared to the constant CO2 concentration. This was directly related to the great increase in hydrological variables, which were the carriers of N losses, and the intensive inputs of N fertilizer. Results also found that nitrate leaching was greater than the other two processes for future periods, peaking at 309.3%, as compared to the baseline period. The findings suggested reducing fertilizer inputs by 10%–20% was promising, especially for reducing nitrate loss through runoff and leaching by up to 17.7% and 12.2%. This study explored the mechanisms of increased N loss in response to eCO2 and provided scientific evidence for early warning and making decisions to improve water quality at a large watershed scale.
Sex-differential testosterone response to long-term weight loss
Authors: Brzozowska Malgorzata M. , Bliuc Dana , Mazur Artur , Baldock Paul A. , Eisman John A. , Greenfield Jerry R. , Center Jacqueline R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Obesity-associated gonadal dysfunction is a common comorbidity in patients seeking weight loss interventions. We examined the incremental effect of weight loss on gonadal axes in men and women over 3 years. Changes in sex hormones were compared between dietary intervention (Diet) and bariatric procedures: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Additional analysis assessed changes in corticotropic, somatotropic and thyroid axes after weight loss interventions.

Methods
This prospective, observational study included 61 adults with Body Mass Index >30 kg/m2, mean age 51 (SD = 11) years. Endocrine parameters were measured at baseline and at 6 timepoints over 36-months.

Results
For each 1 kg of weight lost, between baseline and 36 months, total testosterone increased by 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2%, 1.0%, p = 0.002) in males and decreased by 0.8% (95% CI: −1.4%, −0.3%, p = 0.003) in females. These changes remained statistically significant when controlled for age and for menopausal status in females. At 36 months, in comparison with Diet, RYGB women had lower total testosterone by 54% (95% CI: −90%, −17%, p = 0.004), reduced free androgen index (FAI) by 65% (95% CI; −114%, −17%, p = 0.009) while SG had reduced FAI by 39% (95% CI; −77%, 0%, p = 0.05). No such differences between groups were noted for male subjects. Adrenocorticotropic hormone declined by 0.3% (95% CI: 0.0, −0.5%, p = 0.05), insulin-like growth factor-1 increased by 0.4% (95% CI; 0.2%, 0.7%, p = 0.005), without such thyrotrophin change for each 1 kg of weight loss, for entire cohort, over 36 months.

Conclusions
The testosterone changes observed in this study were proportional to the amount of weight loss. In females, reduction in androgens was independent of age and menopausal status and more pronounced after bariatric procedures. This study finding warrants further clinical research to explore an impact of androgen reduction on functional and cognitive status in postmenopausal women. The observed changes in pituitary hormones may contribute to the metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery.
Selenium concentrations in expressed human milk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ish Shalom Ohad , Lubetzky Ronit , Mimouni Francis B. , Mandel Dror 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
We aimed to systematically review articles that reported selenium (Se) concentrations in human milk (HM).

Methods
using PRISMA guidelines we searched MEDLINE and Embase using the terms “human milk and Selenium”. All clinical trials and systematic reviews were retrieved.

Results
Out of 1141 articles, we reviewed 76 full-text articles, excluding 26. Thus, 50 articles were included in meta-analyses. Most studies (N = 31) did not specify whether milk was from mothers of preterm (PT) or fullterm (T) infants. In the other 19 studies, 1 examined PT-EHM, 15 T-EHM, and 3 both PT-EHM and T-EHM. In most studies, Se concentrations were highest in colostrum or until 3 months of lactation, then declined. Metaanalyzed means of PT-EHM or T-EHM provide estimates of Se intake a little higher than those reported to date, but still lower than current recommendations of intake.

Conclusion
This study provides clinicians with useful estimates of Se intake in breast-fed infants.
Polygenic prediction of major depressive disorder and related traits in African ancestries UK Biobank participants
Authors: Kanjira S. C. , Adams M. J. , Jiang Y. , Tian C. ,   23andMe Research Team, Lewis C. M. , Kuchenbaecker K. , McIntosh A. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGenome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) over-represent European ancestries, neglecting all other ancestry groups and low-income nations. Consequently, polygenic risk scores (PRS) more accurately predict complex traits in Europeans than African Ancestries groups. Very few studies have looked at the transferability of European-derived PRS for behavioural and mental health phenotypes to Africans. We assessed the comparative accuracy of depression PRS trained on European and African Ancestries GWAS studies to predict major depressive disorder (MDD) and related traits in African ancestry participants from the UK Biobank. UK Biobank participants were selected based on Principal component analysis clustering with an African genetic similarity reference population, MDD was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). PRS were computed using PRSice2 software using either European or African Ancestries GWAS summary statistics. PRS trained on European ancestry samples (246,363 cases) predicted case control status in Africans of the UK Biobank with similar accuracies (R2 = 2%, β = 0.32, empirical p-value = 0.002) to PRS trained on far much smaller samples of African Ancestries participants from 23andMe, Inc. (5045 cases, R² = 1.8%, β = 0.28, empirical p-value = 0.008). This suggests that prediction of MDD status from Africans to Africans had greater efficiency relative to discovery sample size than prediction of MDD from Europeans to Africans. Prediction of MDD status in African UK Biobank participants using GWAS findings of likely causal risk factors from European ancestries was non-significant. GWAS of MDD in European ancestries are inefficient for improving polygenic prediction in African samples; urgent MDD studies in Africa are needed.
RhoA-mediated G12-G13 signaling maintains muscle stem cell quiescence and prevents stem cell loss
Authors: Peng Yundong , Du Jingjing , Li Rui , Günther Stefan , Wettschureck Nina , Offermanns Stefan , Wang Yan , Schneider Andre , Braun Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMultiple processes control quiescence of muscle stem cells (MuSCs), which is instrumental to guarantee long-term replenishment of the stem cell pool. Here, we describe that the G-proteins G12-G13 integrate signals from different G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to control MuSC quiescence via activation of RhoA. Comprehensive screening of GPCR ligands identified two MuSC-niche-derived factors, endothelin-3 (ET-3) and neurotensin (NT), which activate G12-G13 signaling in MuSCs. Stimulation with ET-3 or NT prevented MuSC activation, whereas pharmacological inhibition of ET-3 or NT attenuated MuSC quiescence. Inactivation of Gna12-Gna13 or Rhoa but not of Gnaq-Gna11 completely abrogated MuSC quiescence, which depleted the MuSC pool and was associated with accelerated sarcopenia during aging. Expression of constitutively active RhoA prevented exit from quiescence in Gna12-Gna13 mutant MuSCs, inhibiting cell cycle entry and differentiation via Rock and formins without affecting Rac1-dependent MuSC projections, a hallmark of quiescent MuSCs. The study uncovers a critical role of G12-G13 and RhoA signaling for active regulation of MuSC quiescence.
Optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) represents a novel technique for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Cox Laurence , Schulz Christopher B. , Slaven James , Gounder Pav , Arunothayaraj Sandeep , Alsanjari Osama , Cockburn James , Wright David A. , Oliphant Huw , Rajak Saul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory vascular disease in which prompt and accurate diagnosis is critical. The efficacy of temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is limited by ‘skip’ lesions and a delay in histological analysis. This first-in-man ex-vivo study aims to assess the accuracy of optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) in diagnosing GCA.

Subjects/Methods
29 TAB samples of patients with suspected GCA were submerged in 0.9% sodium chloride and an OFDI catheter was passed through the lumen to create cross-sectional images prior to histological analysis. The specimens were then preserved in formalin for histological examination. Mean intimal thickness (MIT) on OFDI was measured, and the presence of both multinucleate giant cells (MNGCs) and fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina (FIEL) was assessed and compared with histology, used as the diagnostic gold standard.

Results
MIT in patients with/without histological evidence of GCA was 0.425 mm (±0.43) and 0.13 mm (±0.06) respectively compared with 0.215 mm (±0.09) and 0.135 mm (±0.07) on OFDI. MIT measured by OFDI was significantly higher in patients with histologically diagnosed arteritis compared to those without (p = 0.0195). For detecting FIEL and MNGCs, OFDI had a sensitivity of 75% and 28.6% and a specificity of 100% and 77.3% respectively. Applying diagnostic criteria of MIT > 0.20 mm, or the presence of MNGCs or FIEL, the sensitivity of detecting histological arteritis using OFDI was 91.4% and the specificity 94.1%.

Conclusions
OFDI provided rapid imaging of TAB specimens achieving a diagnostic accuracy comparable to histological examination. In-vivo imaging may allow imaging of a longer arterial section.
Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment a clinical consensus statement from the Thai hypertension society
Authors: Chattranukulchai Pairoj , Roubsanthisuk Weranuj , Kunanon Sirisawat , Kotruchin Praew , Satirapoj Bancha , Wongpraparut Nattawut , Sunthornyothin Sarat , Sukonthasarn Apichard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResistant hypertension (RH) includes hypertensive patients with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) while receiving ≥3 BP-lowering medications or with controlled BP while receiving ≥4 BP-lowering medications. The exact prevalence of RH is challenging to quantify. However, a reasonable estimate of true RH is around 5% of the hypertensive population. Patients with RH have higher cardiovascular risk as compared with hypertensive patients in general. Standardized office BP measurement, confirmation of medical adherence, search for drug- or substance-induced BP elevation, and ambulatory or home BP monitoring are mandatory to exclude pseudoresistance. Appropriate further investigations, guided by clinical data, should be pursued to exclude possible secondary causes of hypertension. The management of RH includes the intensification of lifestyle interventions and the modification of antihypertensive drug regimens. The essential aspects of lifestyle modification include sodium restriction, body weight control, regular exercise, and healthy sleep. Step-by-step adjustment of the BP-lowering drugs based on the available evidence is proposed. The suitable choice of diuretics according to patients’ renal function is presented. Sacubitril/valsartan can be carefully substituted for the prior renin-angiotensin system blockers, especially in those with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. If BP remains uncontrolled, device therapy such as renal nerve denervation should be considered. Since device-based treatment is an invasive and costly procedure, it should be used only after careful and appropriate case selection. In real-world practice, the management of RH should be individualized depending on each patient’s characteristics.
Study on the crystallographic orientation dependent electrochemical corrosion rates of aluminum and its binary alloys
Authors: Jin Haini , Sui Yudong , Yu Xiaohua , Zhou Hao , Feng Jing , Jiang Yehua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a study for crystallographic orientation-dependent corrosion rate of aluminum employing an ab initio model with inputs from first-principles calculations. Results showed that the sequence of corrosion rate is in the order of (111) < (410) < (331) < (221) < (321) < (211) < (110) < (100) < (210) < (320) < (310) < (311) for aluminum. The predicted corrosion current densities for (111), (110), and (100) surfaces are in general agreement with the experimental results. The alloying effects were further investigated employing this model with results validated via the polarization curves of alloyed aluminum.
Template-based copying in chemically fuelled dynamic combinatorial libraries
Authors: Kriebisch Christine M. E. , Burger Ludwig , Zozulia Oleksii , Stasi Michele , Floroni Alexander , Braun Dieter , Gerland Ulrich , Boekhoven Job 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOne of science’s greatest challenges is determining how life can spontaneously emerge from a mixture of molecules. A complicating factor is that life and its molecules are inherently unstable—RNA and proteins are prone to hydrolysis and denaturation. For the de novo synthesis of life or to better understand its emergence at its origin, selection mechanisms are needed for unstable molecules. Here we present a chemically fuelled dynamic combinatorial library to model RNA oligomerization and deoligomerization and shine new light on selection and purification mechanisms under kinetic control. In the experiments, oligomers can only be sustained by continuous production. Hybridization is a powerful tool for selecting unstable molecules, offering feedback on oligomerization and deoligomerization rates. Moreover, we find that templation can be used to purify libraries of oligomers. In addition, template-assisted formation of oligomers within coacervate-based protocells changes its compartment’s physical properties, such as their ability to fuse. Such reciprocal coupling between oligomer production and physical properties is a key step towards synthetic life.
Melting at the base of a terrestrial magma ocean controlled by oxygen fugacity
Authors: Lin Yanhao , Ishii Takayuki , van Westrenen Wim , Katsura Tomoo , Mao Ho-Kwang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHeat delivered from accretionary impacts is thought to have led to extensive melting of early Earth’s silicate mantle, resulting in a deep magma ocean covering the surface. The mantle’s oxygen fugacity is thought to have increased over accretion and core formation due to increasingly oxidated impactors and lower mantle self-oxidation, but the influence of this on the solidus of deep primitive mantle materials has not been well constrained. Here we assess the effect of oxygen fugacity on conditions at the bottom of a magma ocean by experimentally determining the solidus of mantle pyrolite at pressures of 16–26 GPa at high oxygen fugacities. We find that over this pressure range, the solidus in experiments conducted under oxidizing conditions is at least 230–450 °C lower than in experiments conducted under more reducing conditions. Assuming constant magma ocean temperature, this would imply a magma ocean floor that deepens by about 60 km for each log unit increase in mantle oxygen fugacity. The strong influence of oxygen fugacity on mantle melting suggests that models of early Earth thermal evolution and geochemical models of core formation should be reassessed.
DiasMorph: a dataset of morphological traits and images of Central European diaspores
Authors: Dayrell Roberta L. C. , Begemann Lina , Ott Tankred , Poschlod Peter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present DiasMorph, a dataset of images and traits of diaspores from 1,442 taxa in 519 genera, and 96 families from Central Europe, totalling 94,214 records. The dataset was constructed following a standardised and reproducible image analysis method. The image dataset consists of diaspores against a high-contrast background, enabling a simple and efficient segmentation process. The quantitative traits records go beyond traditional morphometric measurements, and include colour and contour features, which are made available for the first time in a large dataset. These measurements correspond to individual diaspores, an input currently unavailable in traits databases, and allow for several approaches to explore the morphological traits of these species. Additionally, information regarding the presence and absence of appendages and structures both in the images and diaspores of the assessed taxa is also included. By making these data available, we aim to encourage initiatives to advance on new tools for diaspore identification, further our understanding of morphological traits functions, and provide means for the continuous development of image analyses applications.
A dataset of topographic correction coefficients for shortwave downward radiation over the Pan-Third Pole
Authors: Xian Yuyang , Wang Tianxing , Du Yihan , Letu Husi , Qi Jianbo , Li Dahui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevalent Shortwave downward radiation (SWDR) estimates assume a flat surface, neglecting topographic effects and leading to significant errors in mountainous regions. We introduce SWDR topography correction coefficients (TCCs), based on the mountain radiative transfer model tailored for the Pan-Third Pole region. This dataset effectively bridges the disparities between flat-surface SWDR and rugged-surface SWDR, forming part of the Long-term Earth System spatiotemporally Seamless Radiation budget dataset (LessRad). Validation results using a three-dimensional radiative transfer model demonstrate the efficacy of this method in correcting solar direct radiation, sky diffuse radiation, and SWDR under diverse conditions. At a spatial resolution of 2.5 arc-minutes, the correction accuracy for solar direct radiation is characterized by a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.998, a relative root mean square error (rRMSE) of 2.4%, and a relative bias (rbias) of 0.8%. For sky diffused radiation, an R² of 0.965, a rRMSE of 1.2%, and a rbias of −0.8%. SWDR corrections under clear and cloudy skies also show high accuracy, demonstrating the robustness of the TCCs approach.