bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alerte sur résultats : confirmation ou anticipation des difficultés?
Authors: Martinez Isabelle , Saboly Michèle 
Published: May 2014

Résumé Les alertes sur résultats ( profit warnings ) se sont multipliées depuis la fin des années 1990 sur les marchés financiers nord-américains et européens. Au Canada, le plus célèbre avertissement est sans doute celui de Nortel émis en avril 2004. Ces alertes sont volontairement émises par les dirigeants en cas de révision de prévisions pour aider les investisseurs à modifier leurs anticipations. Cet article cherche à mieux comprendre ce phénomène. Les résultats sont obtenus à partir d’une analyse de contenu des communiqués d’alerte émis en France entre 2000 et 2002 et de la situation financière des sociétés émettrices. Ils révèlent deux comportements de communication : la confirmation de difficultés déjà apparues et l’anticipation de futures difficultés.
Revision of the genusRhinoprosopa(Diptera: Syrphidae)
Authors: Mengual Ximo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe New World flower fly genusRhinoprosopaHull, 1942 (Diptera: Syrphidae) is revised and two new species are described:R. hulliMengual,new species(Costa Rica) andR. zophinaMengual,new species(Costa Rica). Diagnoses, illustrations, synonymies, and distributional data are given for all known species. An identification key to all seven species is also provided.
Regulatory T Cells: New Keys for Further Unlocking the Enigma of Fetal Tolerance and Pregnancy Complications
Authors: Jiang Tony T. , Chaturvedi Vandana , Ertelt James M. , Kinder Jeremy M. , Clark Dayna R. , Valent Amy M. , Xin Lijun , Way Sing Sing 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The immunological alterations required for successful pregnancy in eutherian placental mammals have remained a scientific enigma since the discovery of MHC haplotype diversity and unique immune signatures among individuals. Within the past 10 years, accumulating data suggest that immune-suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) confer essential protective benefits in sustaining tolerance to the semiallogeneic fetus during pregnancy, along with their more established roles in maintaining tolerance to self and “extended self” commensal Ags that averts autoimmunity. Reciprocally, many human pregnancy complications stemming from inadequacies in fetal tolerance have been associated with defects in maternal Tregs. Thus, further elucidating the immunological shifts during pregnancy not only have direct translational implications for improving perinatal health, they have enormous potential for unveiling new clues about how Tregs work in other biological contexts. In this article, epidemiological data in human pregnancy and complementary animal studies implicating a pivotal protective role for maternal Tregs are summarized.
Propuesta analítica de cinco tesis interpretativas de la violencia estructural y el ejercicio de gobernabilidad en materia de gestión de seguridad pública y prevención de violencia en el Municipio de Santa Tecla
Authors: Morales Peña Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2014

El objetivo del presente trabajo académico es mostrar una propuesta no convencional de interpretación analítica de cómo a todo esfuerzo de regeneración del tejido social le sigue, en forma simultánea, otro proceso de deconstrucción social. Se trata de un enfoque de estudio desde donde la relación entre seguridad y desarrollo, en su carácter de interdependencia, se expone a la colisión de dos lógicas, es decir, una de naturaleza articuladora, con un significativo elemento de cohesión y regeneración social indispensable para el fortalecimiento de la organización comunitaria, y que se inscribe en los contenidos de las estrategias de prevención de la violencia y demás políticas públicas en materia de seguridad y convivencia ciudadana; así como también, de otra lógica de manifestación desestructurante, con capacidad de acumulación de nuevos insumos sociales en tiempo presente para deconstrucciones futuras. En este sentido, se plantea un fenómeno de sumatoria lícita, relativamente legítima pero no consciente del riesgo venidero y su potenciación en términos de efectos adversos sobre el colectivo social y su desenvolvimiento en la matriz cooperación – cooptación – conflicto.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i1.1389
Simvastatin Radiosensitizes Differentiated and Stem-Like Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Is Associated With Improved Local Control in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Postmastectomy Radiation
Authors: Lacerda Lara , Reddy Jay P. , Liu Diane , Larson Richard , Li Li , Masuda Hiroko , Brewer Takae , Debeb Bisrat G. , Xu Wei , Hortobágyi Gabriel N. , Buchholz Thomas A. , Ueno Naoto T. , Woodward Wendy A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Reported rates of local failure after adjuvant radiation for women with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and triple-negative non-IBC are higher than those of women with receptor-expressing non-IBC. These high rates of locoregional recurrence are potentially influenced by the contribution of radioresistant cancer stem cells to these cancers. Statins have been shown to target stem cells and improve disease-free survival among IBC patients. We examined simvastatin radiosensitization of multiple subtypes of breast cancer cell lines in vitro in monolayer and mammosphere-based clonogenic assays and examined the therapeutic benefit of statin use on local control after postmastectomy radiation (PMRT) among IBC patients. We found that simvastatin radiosensitizes mammosphere-initiating cells (MICs) of IBC cell lines (MDA-IBC3, SUM149, SUM190) and of the metaplastic, non-IBC triple-negative receptor cell line (SUM159). However, simvastatin radioprotects MICs of non-IBC cell lines MCF-7 and SKBR3. In a retrospective clinical study of 519 IBC patients treated with PMRT, 53 patients used a statin. On univariate analysis, actuarial 3-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was higher among statin users, and on multivariate analysis, triple negative breast cancer, absence of lymphatic invasion, neoadjuvant pathological tumor response to preoperative chemotherapy, and statin use were independently associated with higher LRFS. In conclusion, patients with IBC and triple-negative non-IBC breast cancer have the highest rates of local failure, and there are no available known radiosensitizers. We report significant improvement in local control after PMRT among statin users with IBC and significant radiosensitization across triple-negative and IBC cell lines of multiple subtypes using simvastatin. These data suggest that simvastatin should be justified as a radiosensitizing agent by a prospective clinical trial.
Utilizing doctors' attitudes toward staff training to inform a chiropractic technology curriculum
Authors: Eberhart Catherine A. , Martel Stacie S. 
Published: May 2014

Objective
The purpose of this study is to determine attitudes of doctors of chiropractic regarding the importance of staff training in specific skill areas to inform the curriculum management process of a chiropractic technology program.

Methods
A survey was distributed to registrants of a chiropractic homecoming event. On a 5-point Likert scale, respondents were asked to rate the degree of importance that staff members be trained in specific skills. Descriptive statistics were derived, and a 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test differences between groups based on years in practice and level of staff training.

Results
Doctors place a high level of importance on oral communication skills and low importance on nutrition and physical examinations. Comparing groups based on years in practice revealed differences in the areas of passive physiotherapies (F = 3.61, p = .015), legal issues/regulations (F = 3.01, p = .032), occupational safety and health regulation (F = 4.27, p = .006), and marketing (F = 2.67, p = .049). Comparing groups based on level of staff training revealed differences in the areas of occupational safety and health regulations (F = 4.56, p = .005) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (F = 4.91, p = .003).

Conclusion
With regard to their assistants, doctors of chiropractic tend to place high importance on office skills requiring effective communication and place less importance on clinical skills such as physical examinations and physiotherapy.
Observed improvements in an intern's ability to initiate critical emergency skills in different cardiac arrest scenarios using high-fidelity simulation
Authors: Starmer David J. , Duquette Sean A. , Guiliano Dominic , Tibbles Anthony , Miners Andrew , Finn Kevin , Stainsby Brynne E. 
Published: May 2014

Objective
The objective of this study was to report observed changes in an intern's ability to initiate critical emergency skills in different cardiac arrest scenarios with high-fidelity simulation over a 10-month period.

Methods
One intern's performance was retrospectively analyzed using video recordings of 4 simulations at different stages in the training program. The key outcome was the duration of time expired for 4 critical skills, including activating the emergency response system, initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using an automated external defibrillator (AED), and passively administrating oxygen.

Results
The intern became more efficient in each subsequent simulation for activating the emergency response system and initiating CPR. The time to use the AED stayed relatively constant. The administration of oxygen was inconsistent.

Conclusion
An improvement in the speed of applying emergency critical skills was observed with this intern. These improvements in skill may improve patient outcomes and survival rates. We propose further educational research with high-fidelity simulation in the area of assessing emergency skills.
The large‐scale current system during auroral substorms
Authors: Gjerloev J. W. , Hoffman R. A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe present an empirical model of the equivalent current system in the ionosphere during the peak of a classical bulge‐type auroral substorm. This model is derived from measurements made by ~110 ground magnetometer stations during 116 substorms. The data are temporally and spatially organized using global auroral images obtained by the Polar Visible Imaging System Earth Camera. The empirical equivalent current system displays three key features: a poleward shift of the westward electrojet connecting the postmidnight and premidnight components; a polar cap swirl; and significantly different magnitudes of the postmidnight and premidnight westward electrojets. This leads us to propose a two‐wedge current system linking the ionosphere to the magnetosphere. The bulge current wedge is located in the premidnight region just equatorward of the open‐closed field line boundary while another three‐dimensional current system is located in the postmidnight region well within the auroral oval. We use Biot and Savart calculations and Tsyganenko mapping and show that this new model is a likely solution for the large‐scale current system.
Objective convective updraft identification and tracking: Part 1. Structure and thermodynamics of convection in the rainband regions of two hurricane simulations
Authors: Terwey Wesley D. , Rozoff Christopher M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo better understand the life cycles of convective elements in numerical model simulations, a convective updraft tracking algorithm, dubbed the Statistical and Programmable Objective Updraft Tracker (SPOUT), is developed. SPOUT identifies updraft cores in horizontal slices through a given model data set, links these cores in three dimensions to form vertically coherent updrafts, and then tracks updrafts in time via estimates of the mean local advection. SPOUT is evaluated in idealized hurricane simulations from both the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF). In both simulations, SPOUT indicates most updrafts live less than 60 min, but some can persist for over 2 h. Updrafts are typically manifested as shallow cumulus, cumulus congestus, and deep cumulonimbus. Overall, there is reasonable agreement between the vigor of convection and the amount of localized conditional convective instability. Also, the majority of updrafts attain a tilted structure that is in accordance with the localized vertical wind shear. Nonetheless, there are striking differences between models, with the higher‐resolution WRF simulation producing around twice as many updrafts as RAMS. Moreover, the WRF updrafts are significantly weaker. This paper highlights the utility of SPOUT for studying convective life cycles in high‐resolution numerical simulations and provides some basic features of convection in two hurricane simulations.
Characterization of melt and ejecta deposits of Kepler crater from remote sensing data
Authors: Öhman T. , Kramer G. Y. , Kring D. A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe used Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), Arecibo and Mini‐RF radar, and Diviner radiometer data with Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Camera and Kaguya Terrain Camera images to characterize the target, ejecta, and impact melt‐rich lithologies in and around lunar central peak crater Kepler. M3 data indicate the impact melt rocks of crater floor to be high‐Ca pyroxene dominated, distinct from the low‐Ca pyroxene‐dominated crater wall. The central uplift is high‐Ca pyroxene dominated, and has higher albedo. These observations are consistent with thin mare basalts underlain by noritic Imbrium ejecta, underlain by gabbroic crustal material. M3 data reveal an enigmatic, splash‐like feature of melt‐rich material on the southeastern (uprange) crater wall and flank. M3 data also highlight halos around Kepler. In detail the halos are slightly variable, but in broad terms they define a consistent feature, offset to the inferred downrange direction, and interpreted to reflect the distribution of glass‐bearing impact breccia. The radar data sets show most of the proximal ejecta to be radar‐bright. However, Diviner rock abundance data do not indicate the presence of blocks on the surface nor can they be seen using LRO Narrow Angle Camera images. Thus, the blocks giving rise to the enhanced radar signal are buried. Beyond the radar‐bright zone, a subtle radar‐dark halo emerges, coincident with a region of very low rock abundance in Diviner data. This multidisciplinary approach provides a robust analysis of the main characteristics of a lunar complex crater and reveals previously unidentified features related to the distribution of impact melt.
The intensity of the geomagnetic field from 2.4 Ga old Indian dykes
Authors: Valet Jean‐Pierre , Besse Jean , Kumar Anil , Vadakke‐Chanat Sayoob , Philippe Edouard 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPrecambrian paleomagnetic records from dyke swarms provide a unique source of information regarding the Archean geomagnetic field and more specifically the average field strength produced by the early dynamo. We sampled 16 paleomagnetic sites from the Dharwar giant dyke swarm in southern India which was emplaced between 2.365 and 2.368 Ga. Despite taking great care in selecting locations exempt of any geological disturbance, only two of these sites provided primary directions with very steep inclinations and therefore were emplaced in close to a magnetic pole. Paleointensity experiments were conducted on a subset of samples from the dyke margins. The characteristic magnetization is carried by single domain magnetite grains with a very narrow range of unblocking temperatures inferred from the sharp decrease by at least 75% of their remanence above 520°C. The paleointensity results indicate an average low field of 9.2 ± 7 µT, consistent with reported values from Canadian dyke swarms for the same period. These results combined with the Thellier‐Thellier determinations obtained so far for the Precambrian suggest that a low field period prevailed from circa 2.3 to 1.8 Ga, while the preceding and following time intervals are characterized by significantly stronger paleointensities. Although this suite of episodes is not fully incompatible with previous models for the long‐term evolution of the geodynamo, it is tempting to make the link with the recent suggestion of an early dynamo sustained within a conductive magma layer at the base of the mantle from 3.5 to 2.5 Ga which progressively declined until convection became sufficiently efficient to reactivate a strong dynamo process within the Earth's liquid core.
Quasi two day wave‐related variability in the background dynamics and composition of the mesosphere/thermosphere and the ionosphere
Authors: Chang Loren C. , Yue Jia , Wang Wenbin , Wu Qian , Meier R. R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDissipating planetary waves in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) region may cause changes in the background dynamics of that region, subsequently driving variability throughout the broader thermosphere/ionosphere system via mixing due to the induced circulation changes. We report the results of case studies examining the possibility of such coupling during the northern winter in the context of the quasi two day wave (QTDW)—a planetary wave that recurrently grows to large amplitudes from the summer MLT during the postsolstice period. Six distinct QTDW events between 2003 and 2011 are identified in the MLT using Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry temperature observations. Concurrent changes to the background zonal winds, zonal mean column O/N2 density ratio, and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) are examined using data sets from Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Doppler Interferometer, Global Ultraviolet Imager, and Global Ionospheric Maps, respectively. We find that in the 5–10 days following a QTDW event, the background zonal winds in the MLT show patterns of eastward and westward anomalies in the low and middle latitudes consistent with past modeling studies on QTDW‐induced mean wind forcing, both below and at turbopause altitudes. This is accompanied by potentially related decreases in zonal mean thermospheric column O/N2, as well as to low‐latitude TECs. The recurrent nature of the above changes during the six QTDW events examined point to an avenue for vertical coupling via background dynamics and chemistry of the thermosphere/ionosphere not previously observed.
Lipids
Authors: Yeagle Philip L 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLipids are molecular building blocks that form the most fundamental structures in biology, including the serum lipoproteins, the membranes of cells and cellular organelles and the membranes of enveloped viruses. Many lipids spontaneously form lipid bilayers, the fundamental architectural feature of all biological membranes. A nearly uncountable catalogue of lipid molecules is found in nature, their individual structures imparting a wide variety of properties essential to the structures and functions of biological membranes and lipoproteins in all life forms. Lipids regulate, often in specific ways, the functionality of biological membranes, through the properties of the lipid bilayer and by binding to membrane proteins. Lipids are at the centre of membrane fusion events essential for intracellular transport, endocytosis and viral infection of cells by enveloped viruses. Lipids are the metabolic precursors of some hormones and signalling molecules in cells.Key Concepts:Phospholipids, as well as many other lipids, spontaneously form bilayer structures in water, as governed by the hydrophobic effect.Lipid bilayers provide the fundamental architecture upon which all biological membranes are built.Lipid bilayers in biological membranes are in the liquid crystal state, permitting lateral diffusion of components including proteins and lipids, and internal flexibility essential to membrane enzyme function.Lipid bilayers determine many of the properties of biological membranes including their limited permeability.Thousands of different lipid species are found in biological membranes, but they can be organised into a few major lipid classes.Unsaturation in the hydrocarbon chains of lipid bilayers supports the liquid crystal state of bilayers in biology, essential to the proper functioning of membrane enzymes.Although bilayers are inherently stable, defects in the bilayer structure are required to initiate critical membrane fusion events.Individual membrane lipids play specific biological roles in membrane biology by modulating membrane enzyme activity through binding to membrane proteins.Some lipids are second messengers in intracellular signalling systems.
Possible Viral Zoonoses in Xenotransplantation
Authors: Crossan Claire , Takeuchi Yasu , Scobie Linda 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation has been proposed as a possible solution to the world shortage of organ donors. Additionally, cell/tissue xenotransplantation shows promise in the treatment of patients with diabetes, neuronal and eye diseases. At present, barriers to xenotransplantation still include graft rejection, physiological compatibility issues and the threat posed by zoonoses. In this article, the current information from recent publications in the field of porcine zoonoses and xenotransplantation is presented. Pathogens of concern including herpesviruses, endogenous retroviruses and hepatitis E virus are known and risk reduction measures against these in xenotranplantation settings are described. Unidentified pathogens pose a separate risk that may not be identified until clinical trials take place and risks vary depending on the diseases, operation practices and graft production processes including geographical factors. Currently, a number of clinical trials are underway using encapsulated porcine islets, which may alter the perceived risks of pathogen transfer.

Key Concepts:

Prevention of pathogen transfer in xenotransplantation.

The risk of porcine zoonoses is one that should be minimised before xenotransplantation is carried out in human trials.

The use of techniques such as encapsulation in cellular xenotransplantation could be used to potentially protect against pathogen transfer.

Donor animals used in xenotransplantation should come from specific pathogen‐free herds which have been screened and tested negative for known and potentially zoonotic viruses, such as Swine influenza, hepatitis E, porcine cytomegalovirus and porcine lymphotropic viruses.

Porcine endogenous retroviruses cannot be eliminated from donor herds and although their zoonotic potential remains unknown, steps should be taken to minimise the possibility of zoonoses by selecting donor pigs with low PERV copy number and absence of known dangerous PERV subtype and loci.

The possibility of unknown zoonotic viruses emerging poses a constant threat. To counteract this a high surveillance and investigatory approach is required, using the most advanced molecular techniques available.