bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MK2/3 cascade regulates AMPAR trafficking and cognitive flexibility
Authors: Eales Katherine L. , Palygin Oleg , O’Loughlin Thomas , Rasooli-Nejad Seyed , Gaestel Matthias , Müller Jürgen , Collins Dawn R. , Pankratov Yuriy , Corrêa Sonia A.L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe interplay between long-term potentiation and long-term depression (LTD) is thought to be involved in learning and memory formation. One form of LTD expressed in the hippocampus is initiated by the activation of the group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Importantly, mGluRs have been shown to be critical for acquisition of new memories and for reversal learning, processes that are thought to be crucial for cognitive flexibility. Here we provide evidence that MAPK-activated protein kinases 2 and 3 (MK2/3) regulate neuronal spine morphology, synaptic transmission and plasticity. Furthermore, mGluR-LTD is impaired in the hippocampus of MK2/3 double knockout (DKO) mice, an observation that is mirrored by deficits in endocytosis of GluA1 subunits. Consistent with compromised mGluR-LTD, MK2/3 DKO mice have distinctive deficits in hippocampal-dependent spatial reversal learning. These novel findings demonstrate that the MK2/3 cascade plays a strategic role in controlling synaptic plasticity and cognition.
Major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years: evidence from the 2013 Sumatran fires
Authors: Gaveau David L. A. , Salim Mohammad A. , Hergoualc'h Kristell , Locatelli Bruno , Sloan Sean , Wooster Martin , Marlier Miriam E. , Molidena Elis , Yaen Husna , DeFries Ruth , Verchot Louis , Murdiyarso Daniel , Nasi Robert , Holmgren Peter , Sheil Douglas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTrans-boundary haze events in Southeast Asia are associated with large forest and peatland fires in Indonesia. These episodes of extreme air pollution usually occur during drought years induced by climate anomalies from the Pacific (El Niño Southern Oscillation) and Indian Oceans (Indian Ocean Dipole). However, in June 2013 – a non-drought year – Singapore's 24-hr Pollutants Standards Index reached an all-time record 246 (rated “very unhealthy”). Here, we show using remote sensing, rainfall records and other data, that the Indonesian fires behind the 2013 haze followed a two-month dry spell in a wetter-than-average year. These fires were short-lived (one week) and limited to a localized area in Central Sumatra (1.6% of Indonesia): burning an estimated 163,336 ha, including 137,044 ha (84%) on peat. Most burning was confined to deforested lands (82%; 133,216 ha). The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during this brief, localized event were considerable: 172 ± 59 Tg CO2-eq (or 31 ± 12 Tg C), representing 5–10% of Indonesia's mean annual GHG emissions for 2000–2005. Our observations show that extreme air pollution episodes in Southeast Asia are no longer restricted to drought years. We expect major haze events to be increasingly frequent because of ongoing deforestation of Indonesian peatlands.
Skeletal muscle work efficiency with age: the role of non-contractile processes
Authors: Layec Gwenael , Hart Corey R. , Trinity Joel D. , Le Fur Yann , Jeong Eun-Kee , Richardson Russell S. 
Published: August 2014

Although skeletal muscle work efficiency probably plays a key role in limiting mobility of the elderly, the physiological mechanisms responsible for this diminished function remain incompletely understood. Thus, in the quadriceps of young (n=9) and old (n=10) subjects, we measured the cost of muscle contraction (ATP cost) with 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) during (i) maximal intermittent contractions to elicit a metabolic demand from both cross-bridge cycling and ion pumping and (ii) a continuous maximal contraction to predominantly tax cross-bridge cycling. The ATP cost of the intermittent contractions was significantly greater in the old (0.30±0.22 mM·min−1·N·m−1) compared with the young (0.13±0.03 mM·min−1·N·m−1, P&lt;0.05). In contrast, at the end of the continuous contraction protocol, the ATP cost in the old (0.10±0.07 mM·min−1·N·m−1) was not different from the young (0.06±0.02 mM·min−1·N·m−1, P=0.2). In addition, the ATP cost of the intermittent contractions correlated significantly with the single leg peak power of the knee-extensors assessed during incremental dynamic exercise (r=−0.55; P&lt;0.05). Overall, this study reveals an age-related increase in the ATP cost of contraction, probably mediated by an excessive energy demand from ion pumping, which probably contributes to both the decline in muscle efficiency and functional capacity associated with aging.
Inline capacitive RF power sensor based on floating MEMS beam for GaAs MMIC applications
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Liao Xiaoping 
Published: August 2014

A 0.01–20 GHz inline capacitive radio frequency (RF) power sensor with a floating microelectromechanical system (MEMS) beam is proposed. It is based on sensing the capacitance change of the MEMS beam above the coplanar waveguide line due to the electrostatic force. In the design, anchors of the MEMS beam are floating for accurate capacitive detection and flexible for increasing the sensitivity, and an impedance matching technique is utilised to improve the microwave performance. The fabrication of this sensor is compatible with the GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) process. The measured reflection loss of the capacitive sensor is <−18 dB, whereas the insertion loss is better than −0.38 dB up to 20 GHz. Experiments show that approximate linear relationships between the measured capacitance change and the input RF power are obtained, and the resulting average sensitivities are 120.8, 76.7, 87.6 and 61.0 aF/mW at 5, 10, 15 and 20 GHz, respectively.
Analyzer-based phase-contrast imaging system using a micro focus x-ray source
Authors: Zhou Wei , Majidi Keivan , Brankov Jovan G. 
Published: August 2014

Here we describe a new in-laboratory analyzer based phase contrast-imaging (ABI) instrument using a conventional X-ray tube source (CXS) aimed at bio-medical imaging applications. Phase contrast-imaging allows visualization of soft tissue details usually obscured in conventional X-ray imaging. The ABI system design and major features are described in detail. The key advantage of the presented system, over the few existing CXS ABI systems, is that it does not require high precision components, i.e., CXS, X-ray detector, and electro-mechanical components. To overcome a main problem introduced by these components, identified as temperature stability, the system components are kept at a constant temperature inside of three enclosures, thus minimizing the electrical and mechanical thermal drifts. This is achieved by using thermoelectric (Peltier) cooling/heating modules that are easy to control precisely. For CXS we utilized a microfocus X-ray source with tungsten (W) anode material. In addition the proposed system eliminates tungsten's multiple spectral lines by selecting monochromator crystal size appropriately therefore eliminating need for the costly mismatched, two-crystal monochromator. The system imaging was fine-tuned for tungsten Kα1 line with the energy of 59.3 keV since it has been shown to be of great clinical significance by a number of researchers at synchrotron facilities. In this way a laboratory system that can be used for evaluating and quantifying tissue properties, initially explored at synchrotron facilities, would be of great interest to a larger research community. To demonstrate the imaging capability of our instrument we use a chicken thigh tissue sample.
Comparative study of local structure of two cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals by molecular dynamics method
Authors: Gerts Egor D. , Komolkin Andrei V. , Burmistrov Vladimir A. , Alexandriysky Victor V. , Dvinskikh Sergey V. 
Published: August 2014

Fully-atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were carried out on two similar cyanobiphenyl nematogens, HO-6OCB and 7OCB, in order to study effects of hydrogen bonds on local structure of liquid crystals. Comparable length of these two molecules provides more evident results on the effects of hydrogen bonding. The analysis of radial and cylindrical distribution functions clearly shows the differences in local structure of two mesogens. The simulations showed that anti-parallel alignment is preferable for the HO-6OCB. Hydrogen bonds between OH-groups are observed for 51% of HO-6OCB molecules, while hydrogen bonding between CN- and OH-groups occurs only for 16% of molecules. The lifetimes of H-bonds differ due to different mobility of molecular fragments (50 ps for N⋅⋅⋅H–O and 41 ps for O⋅⋅⋅H–O). Although the standard Optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations - All-Atom force field cannot reproduce some experimental parameters quantitatively (order parameters are overestimated, diffusion coefficients are not reproduced well), the comparison of relative simulated results for the pair of mesogens is nevertheless consistent with the same relative experimental parameters. Thus, the comparative study of simulated and experimental results for the pair of similar liquid crystals still can be assumed plausible.
Reconstruction of scalar and vectorial components in X-ray dark-field tomography
Authors: Bayer Florian L. , Hu Shiyang , Maier Andreas , Weber Thomas , Anton Gisela , Michel Thilo , Riess Christian P. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
X-ray Talbot−Lau grating interferometry provides a differential phase contrast and a dark-field image containing scattering information. The dark-field image is sensitive to granular and fibrous microstructures with sizes in the range of the grating periods (circa 5 μm), much below the typical resolution of medical imaging techniques like angiography or fluoroscopy (circa 150 μm). Dark-field contrast is influenced by the orientation of the microstructure in the object. We present an approach to recover the local microstructure orientation in a tomographic 3D reconstruction. Per voxel, we quantitatively reconstruct the vector of the dominant local orientation and the amount of (an)isotropic scattering for relatively large samples using a standard medical X-ray setup. This is experimentally shown for various specimens exhibiting varying degrees of structural orderings.
Automodification switches PARP-1 function from chromatin architectural protein to histone chaperone
Authors: Muthurajan Uma M. , Hepler Maggie R. D. , Hieb Aaron R. , Clark Nicholas J. , Kramer Michael , Yao Tingting , Luger Karolin 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is an abundant posttranslational modification in eukaryotes. The responsible enzyme, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1), binds to chromatin and shapes its architecture. It is activated by DNA damage and other triggers, and catalyzes the addition of long chains of poly-ADP ribose (PAR) mainly to itself. The biological effects of PARylation are unknown. Here, we show that PARylation confers the ability to bind histones and to assemble nucleosomes upon PARP-1, and also affects its interaction with chromatin. The rapid turnover of PAR groups provides a mechanism for switching PARP-1 function from nucleosome binder to nucleosome assembler. This explains the involvement of active PARP-1 in both transcription and DNA damage repair, because histone chaperone activity is required during both processes.
Mannan induces ROS-regulated, IL-17A–dependent psoriasis arthritis-like disease in mice
Authors: Khmaladze Ia , Kelkka Tiina , Guerard Simon , Wing Kajsa , Pizzolla Angela , Saxena Amit , Lundqvist Katarina , Holmdahl Meirav , Nandakumar Kutty Selva , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: August 2014

SignificanceWe identified a previously undescribed disease mechanism for psoriasis (Ps) and psoriasis arthritis (PsA)-like disease by developing a new mouse model having characteristic features similar to those of Ps and PsA in human patients. Mannan-induced activation of tissue macrophages triggers IL-17A secretion from γδ T cells, causing Ps-like inflammation. Such inflammation was significantly increased under a reduced oxidative environment. Increased frequency of monocytes/macrophages, depletion experiments, and the disease suppressor function of macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species clearly argue in favor of a role for monocytes/macrophages in this disease model, which is in accordance with the findings in patients with the psoriatic form of skin lesions and arthritis. This novel PsA model could be immensely useful to test new therapeutics for patients with Ps and PsA.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
triggers CFTR-mediated airway surface liquid secretion in swine trachea
Authors: Luan Xiaojie , Campanucci Verónica A. , Nair Manoj , Yilmaz Orhan , Belev George , Machen Terry E. , Chapman Dean , Ianowski Juan P. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Several organs are affected in CF, but most of the morbidity and mortality comes from lung disease caused by the failure to clear bacteria. Bacterial clearance depends on a layer of airway surface liquid (ASL) covering the airways, rich in antimicrobial compounds and mucins, that removes bacteria from the airway through mucociliary clearance. This study provides the first demonstration that inhalation of bacteria triggers CFTR-dependent ASL secretion. We suggest that this response to inhaled pathogens is an important but previously unknown part of the innate immune response that would be missing in CF patients, resulting in reduced bacterial killing and facilitating infection.
Label-free probe of HIV-1 TAT peptide binding to mimetic membranes
Authors: Rao Yi , Kwok Sheldon J. J. , Lombardi Julien , Turro Nicholas J. , Eisenthal Kenneth B. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
The TAT protein is important in the progression of AIDS. Studies show that a small highly charged region of the protein, the TAT peptide, enables the protein to penetrate cells. We have developed a laser method, which differs from traditional methods and, being sensitive to surface charge, enables us to probe mechanisms of binding and penetration of artificial membranes. Using this method, which does not require a label for detection, we measured the electric potential, the strength of TAT binding to artificial membranes, and the maximum number of TATs that bind to a given liposome. This special property to transport molecules across membranes, which could not penetrate otherwise, has delivery applications for molecules of biomedical importance.
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are scavenged by Cockayne syndrome B protein in human fibroblasts without nuclear DNA damage
Authors: Cleaver James E. , Brennan-Minnella Angela M. , Swanson Raymond A. , Fong Ka-wing , Chen Junjie , Chou Kai-ming , Chen Yih-wen , Revet Ingrid , Bezrookove Vladimir 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Mitochondria are often considered a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause damage to cellular components including nuclear DNA. This endogenous damage is thought to underlie neurodegeneration, especially in diseases such as Cockayne syndrome (CS) that lack transcription-coupled DNA repair (TCR). We find no evidence, however, for any nuclear DNA damage from increased mitochondrial ROS. Our results indicate that the neurodegenerative symptoms in CS may be mitochondrial in origin, independent of nuclear DNA damage and repair.
The role of phage display in therapeutic antibody discovery
Authors: Chan Conrad E. Z. , Lim Angeline P. C. , MacAry Paul A. , Hanson Brendon J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPhage display involves the expression of selected proteins on the surface of filamentous phage through fusion with phage coat protein, with the genetic sequence packaged within, linking phenotype to genotype selection. When combined with antibody libraries, phage display allows for rapid in vitro selection of antigen-specific antibodies and recovery of their corresponding coding sequence. Large non-immune and synthetic human libraries have been constructed as well as smaller immune libraries based on capturing a single individual’s immune repertoire. This completely in vitro process allows for isolation of antibodies against poorly immunogenic targets as well as those that cannot be obtained by animal immunization, thus further expanding the utility of the approach. Phage antibody display represents the first developed methodology for high throughput screening for human therapeutic antibody candidates. Recently, other methods have been developed for generation of fully human therapeutic antibodies, such as single B-cell screening, next-generation genome sequencing and transgenic mice with human germline B-cell genes. While each of these have their particular advantages, phage display has remained a key methodology for human antibody discovery due its in vitro process. Here, we review the continuing role of this technique alongside other developing technologies for therapeutic antibody discovery.
The ratio of pattern speeds in double-barred galaxies
Authors: Font Joan , Beckman John E. , Zaragoza-Cardiel Javier , Fathi Kambiz , Epinat Benoit , Amram Philippe 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We have obtained two-dimensional velocity fields in the ionized gas of a set of eight double-barred galaxies, at high spatial and spectral resolution, using their Hα emission fields measured with a scanning Fabry–Perot spectrometer. Using the technique by which phase reversals in the non-circular motion indicate a radius of corotation, taking advantage of the high angular and velocity resolution, we have obtained the corotation radii and the pattern speeds of both the major bar and the small central bar in each of the galaxies; there are few such measurements in the literature. Our results show that the inner bar rotates more rapidly than the outer bar by a factor between 3.3 and 3.6.
The Reliabilities of Radiographic Measurements of Cervical Sagittal Alignment in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Shin Jong Ki , Lee Jung Sub , Kang Sung Shik , Lee Jae Myung , Youn Bu Hyun 
Published: August 2014

Study Design:
This is a prospective study design.

Objective:
To test the interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities of 5 specific measures of global cervical sagittal alignment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and to suggest a better means of measuring cervical sagittal alignment.

Summary of Background Data:
The intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities of several different methods of measuring cervical lordosis have been reported. However, they have not been studied till yet in patients with AS.

Methods:
Interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities of 5 specific measures of cervical lordosis were evaluated in patients with AS. Eighty patients with AS were allocated to a nonankylosis or an ankylosis group, and the reliabilities of the Cobb C1–C7, Cobb C2–C7, centroid, posterior tangent, and Ishihara index methods were evaluated.

Results:
The intraclass and interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of all 5 methods were generally high. For the 80 study subjects, ICCs were ≥0.84 (excellent) for all 5 radiographic methods. However, comparison of the ICCs, 95% confidence intervals, and mean absolute differences (MAD) between groups with varying degrees of ankylosis showed that the reliability of lordosis measurements decreased as the severity of ankylosis increased. The 5 methods consistently demonstrated higher ICCs for both interobserver and intraobserver comparisons in the nonankylosis group. However, in the ankylosis group, the Cobb C1–C7 method demonstrated high ICCs for both interobserver and intraobserver comparisons, whereas the other 4 methods had high ICCs only for intraobserver comparisons. The intraobserver MADs were similar for the 5 methods (2.4–3.9), but the interobserver MADs of measurement methods in both groups showed low measurement reliability except for the Cobb C1–C7 methods.

Conclusions:
This study provides a reliability analysis of different cervical lordosis measurement methods in AS, and shows that the Cobb C1–C7 method provides a reliable means for measuring cervical lordosis in AS.
Family Satisfaction in Critical Care Units: Does an Open Visiting Hours Policy Have an Impact?
Authors: Baharoon Salim , Al Yafi Walid , Al Qurashi Ahmad , Al Jahdali Hamdan , Tamim Hani , Alsafi Eiman , Al Sayyari Abdullah A. 
Published: August 2014

Objective
For critically ill patients, the interaction between health care providers and family members is essential in daily decision making. Improving this relationship has a positive impact on satisfaction with the overall care provided to patients and reduces family member symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. In this study, we analyzed the impact of visitation policy (open versus restricted) on family satisfaction using the previously well-validated Critical Care Family Satisfaction Survey (CCFSS) questionnaire.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional prospective observational study conducted between November 1, 2009, and January 31, 2010, in 2 critical care units with 2 different visiting policy systems, unit A (open visiting hours) and B (restricted visiting hours), comparing family satisfaction in both units using the CCFSS questionnaire. Responses were grouped in 5 satisfaction constructs, namely, the support construct, which assesses the degree of satisfaction with the support of the intensive care staff as perceived by relatives; the assurance construct, which assesses the degree of satisfaction regarding honest answers being given and the responder's confidence that the patient is receiving the best care possible; the proximity construct, which assesses the degree of satisfaction with the physical and emotional access to the patient; the information construct, which assesses the degree of satisfaction with the adequacy of information given to relatives; and the comfort construct, which assesses satisfaction with physical comfort and amenities.

Results
During the study period, 115 questionnaires were distributed in each of the 2 sites. The response rates in units A and B were 92% (106) and 100% (115), respectively. The mean stay time in the intensive care unit was 3.7 days. There were more trauma cases in unit A and more cardiac patients in unit B. There was no significant difference between the 2 units in any of the 5 satisfaction constructs, the support, assurance, proximity, information, and comfort constructs, although there was a nonsignificant trend favoring the unit with the more liberal visit policy regarding amenities (unit A).

Conclusions
We concluded that family satisfaction to care provided in intensive care as measured by the CCFSS questionnaire was not influenced by frequency of visitation among Saudi families. Factors other than open visiting hours may be important to evaluate.