bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STEMI time delays: a clinical perspective
Authors: de Boer M-J. , Zijlstra F. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
STEMI time delays have been introduced as a performance indicator or marker of quality of care. As they are only one part of a very complex medical process, one should be aware of concomitant issues that may be overlooked or even be more important with regard to clinical outcome of STEMI patients. In this overview we try to summarise the most important ones.
Perspective: The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the role and contributions of the Private Partner Scientific Board (PPSB)
Authors: Liu Enchi , Luthman Johan , Cedarbaum Jesse M. , Schmidt Mark E. , Cole Patricia E. , Hendrix James , Carrillo Maria C. , Jones‐Davis Dorothy , Tarver Erika , Novak Gerald , De Santi Susan , Soares Holly D. , Potter William Z. , Siemers Eric , Schwarz Adam J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Private Partner Scientific Board (PPSB) is comprised of representatives of private, for‐profit entities (including pharmaceutical, biotechnology, diagnostics, imaging companies, and imaging contract research organizations), and nonprofit organizations that provide financial and scientific support to ADNI through the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. The PPSB serves as an independent, open, and precompetitive forum in which all private sector and not‐for‐profit partners in ADNI can collaborate, share information, and offer scientific and private‐sector perspectives and expertise on issues relating to the ADNI project. In this article, we review and highlight the role, activities, and contributions of the PPSB within the ADNI project, and provide a perspective on remaining unmet needs and future directions.
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative informatics core: A decade in review
Authors: Toga Arthur W. , Crawford Karen L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Informatics Core of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative has coordinated data integration and dissemination for a continually growing and complex data set in which both data contributors and recipients span institutions, scientific disciplines, and geographic boundaries. This article provides an update on the accomplishments and future plans.
Impact of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, 2004 to 2014
Authors: Weiner Michael W. , Veitch Dallas P. , Aisen Paul S. , Beckett Laurel A. , Cairns Nigel J. , Cedarbaum Jesse , Donohue Michael C. , Green Robert C. , Harvey Danielle , Jack Clifford R. , Jagust William , Morris John C. , Petersen Ronald C. , Saykin Andrew J. , Shaw Leslie , Thompson Paul M. , Toga Arthur W. , Trojanowski John Q. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) was established in 2004 to facilitate the development of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) by validating biomarkers for AD clinical trials.MethodsWe searched for ADNI publications using established methods.ResultsADNI has (1) developed standardized biomarkers for use in clinical trial subject selection and as surrogate outcome measures; (2) standardized protocols for use across multiple centers; (3) initiated worldwide ADNI; (4) inspired initiatives investigating traumatic brain injury and post‐traumatic stress disorder in military populations, and depression, respectively, as an AD risk factor; (5) acted as a data‐sharing model; (6) generated data used in over 600 publications, leading to the identification of novel AD risk alleles, and an understanding of the relationship between biomarkers and AD progression; and (7) inspired other public‐private partnerships developing biomarkers for Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis.DiscussionADNI has made myriad impacts in its first decade. A competitive renewal of the project in 2015 would see the use of newly developed tau imaging ligands, and the continued development of recruitment strategies and outcome measures for clinical trials.
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 PET Core: 2015
Authors: Jagust William J. , Landau Susan M. , Koeppe Robert A. , Reiman Eric M. , Chen Kewei , Mathis Chester A. , Price Julie C. , Foster Norman L. , Wang Angela Y. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionThis article reviews the work done in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative positron emission tomography (ADNI PET) core over the past 5 years, largely concerning techniques, methods, and results related to amyloid imaging in ADNI.MethodsThe PET Core has used [18F]florbetapir routinely on ADNI participants, with over 1600 scans available for download. Four different laboratories are involved in data analysis, and have examined factors such as longitudinal florbetapir analysis, use of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐PET in clinical trials, and relationships between different biomarkers and cognition.ResultsConverging evidence from the PET Core has indicated that cross‐sectional and longitudinal florbetapir analyses require different reference regions. Studies have also examined the relationship between florbetapir data obtained immediately after injection, which reflects perfusion, and FDG‐PET results. Finally, standardization has included the translation of florbetapir PET data to a centiloid scale.ConclusionThe PET Core has demonstrated a variety of methods for the standardization of biomarkers such as florbetapir PET in a multicenter setting.
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 Biomarker Core: A review of progress and plans
Authors: Kang Ju‐Hee , Korecka Magdalena , Figurski Michal J. , Toledo Jon B. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Waligorska Teresa , Brylska Magdalena , Fields Leona , Shah Nirali , Soares Holly , Dean Robert A. , Vanderstichele Hugo , Petersen Ronald C. , Aisen Paul S. , Saykin Andrew J. , Weiner Michael W. , Trojanowski John Q. , Shaw Leslie M. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionWe describe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Biomarker Core progress including: the Biobank; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ1–42), t‐tau, and p‐tau181 analytical performance, definition of Alzheimer's disease (AD) profile for plaque, and tangle burden detection and increased risk for progression to AD; AD disease heterogeneity; progress in standardization; and new studies using ADNI biofluids.MethodsReview publications authored or coauthored by ADNI Biomarker core faculty and selected non‐ADNI studies to deepen the understanding and interpretation of CSF Aβ1–42, t‐tau, and p‐tau181 data.ResultsCSF AD biomarker measurements with the qualified AlzBio3 immunoassay detects neuropathologic AD hallmarks in preclinical and prodromal disease stages, based on CSF studies in non‐ADNI living subjects followed by the autopsy confirmation of AD. Collaboration across ADNI cores generated the temporal ordering model of AD biomarkers varying across individuals because of genetic/environmental factors that increase/decrease resilience to AD pathologies.DiscussionFurther studies will refine this model and enable the use of biomarkers studied in ADNI clinically and in disease‐modifying therapeutic trials.
The impact of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2: What role do public‐private partnerships have in pushing the boundaries of clinical and basic science research on Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Jones‐Davis Dorothy M. , Buckholtz Neil 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the growing landscape of biomedical public‐private‐partnerships, particularly for Alzheimer's disease, the question is posed as to their value. What impacts do public‐private‐partnerships have on clinical and basic science research in Alzheimer's disease? The authors answer the question using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) as a test case and example. ADNI is an exemplar of how public‐private‐partnerships can make an impact not only on clinical and basic science research and practice (including clinical trials), but also of how similar partnerships using ADNI as an example, can be designed to create a maximal impact within their fields.
Peripheral blood cells from children with RASopathies show enhanced spontaneous colonies growth in vitro and hyperactive RAS signaling
Authors: Gaipa G , Bugarin C , Cianci P , Sarno J , Bonaccorso P , Biondi A , Selicorni A 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGermline mutations in genes coding for molecules involved in the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway are the hallmarks of a newly classified family of autosomal dominant syndromes termed RASopathies. Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), in particular, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, can lead to potentially severe complications in children with Noonan syndrome (NS). We studied 27 children with NS or other RASopathies and 35 age-matched children as control subjects. Peripheral blood (PB) cells from these patients were studied for in vitro colony-forming units (CFUs) activity, as well as for intracellular phosphosignaling. Higher spontaneous growth of both burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and CFU-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies from RAS-mutated patients were observed as compared with control subjects. We also observed a significantly higher amount of GM-colony-stimulating factor-induced p-ERK in children with RASopathies. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that PB cells isolated from children suffering from NS or other RASopathies without MPD display enhanced BFU-E and CFU-GM colony formation in vitro. The biological significance of these findings clearly awaits further studies. Collectively, our data provide a basis for further investigating of only partially characterized hematological alterations present in children suffering from RASopathies, and may provide new markers for progression toward malignant MPD in these patients.
Recent advances in ultrafast semiconductor disk lasers
Authors: Tilma Bauke W , Mangold Mario , Zaugg Christian A , Link Sandro M , Waldburger Dominik , Klenner Alexander , Mayer Aline S , Gini Emilio , Golling Matthias , Keller Ursula 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe performance of ultrafast semiconductor disk lasers has rapidly advanced in recent decades. The strong interest from industry for inexpensive, compact, and reliable ultrafast laser sources in the picosecond and femtosecond domains has driven this technology toward commercial products. Frequency metrology and biomedical applications would benefit from sub-200-femtosecond pulse durations with peak powers in the kilowatt range. The aim of this review is to briefly describe the market potential and give an overview of the current status of mode-locked semiconductor disk lasers. Particular focus is placed on the ongoing efforts to achieve shorter pulses with higher peak powers.
Creating semiconductor metafilms with designer absorption spectra
Authors: Kim Soo Jin , Fan Pengyu , Kang Ju-Hyung , Brongersma Mark L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe optical properties of semiconductors are typically considered intrinsic and fixed. Here we leverage the rapid developments in the field of optical metamaterials to create ultrathin semiconductor metafilms with designer absorption spectra. We show how such metafilms can be constructed by placing one or more types of high-index semiconductor antennas into a dense array with subwavelength spacings. It is argued that the large absorption cross-section of semiconductor antennas and their weak near-field coupling open a unique opportunity to create strongly absorbing metafilms whose spectral absorption properties directly reflect those of the individual antennas. Using experiments and simulations, we demonstrate that near-unity absorption at one or more target wavelengths of interest can be achieved in a sub-50-nm-thick metafilm using judiciously sized and spaced Ge nanobeams. The ability to create semiconductor metafilms with custom absorption spectra opens up new design strategies for planar optoelectronic devices and solar cells.
Spin–cavity interactions between a quantum dot molecule and a photonic crystal cavity
Authors: Vora Patrick M. , Bracker Allan S. , Carter Samuel G. , Sweeney Timothy M. , Kim Mijin , Kim Chul Soo , Yang Lily , Brereton Peter G. , Economou Sophia E. , Gammon Daniel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe integration of InAs/GaAs quantum dots into nanophotonic cavities has led to impressive demonstrations of cavity quantum electrodynamics. However, these demonstrations are primarily based on two-level excitonic systems. Efforts to couple long-lived quantum dot electron spin states with a cavity are only now succeeding. Here we report a two-spin–cavity system, achieved by embedding an InAs quantum dot molecule within a photonic crystal cavity. With this system we obtain a spin singlet–triplet Λ-system where the ground-state spin splitting exceeds the cavity linewidth by an order of magnitude. This allows us to observe cavity-stimulated Raman emission that is highly spin-selective. Moreover, we demonstrate the first cases of cavity-enhanced optical nonlinearities in a solid-state Λ-system. This provides an all-optical, local method to control the spin exchange splitting. Incorporation of a highly engineerable quantum dot molecule into the photonic crystal architecture advances prospects for a quantum network.
Desialylation is a mechanism of Fc-independent platelet clearance and a therapeutic target in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Li June , van der Wal Dianne E. , Zhu Guangheng , Xu Miao , Yougbare Issaka , Ma Li , Vadasz Brian , Carrim Naadiya , Grozovsky Renata , Ruan Min , Zhu Lingyan , Zeng Qingshu , Tao Lili , Zhai Zhi-min , Peng Jun , Hou Ming , Leytin Valery , Freedman John , Hoffmeister Karin M. , Ni Heyu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common bleeding disorder caused primarily by autoantibodies against platelet GPIIbIIIa and/or the GPIb complex. Current theory suggests that antibody-mediated platelet destruction occurs in the spleen, via macrophages through Fc–FcγR interactions. However, we and others have demonstrated that anti-GPIbα (but not GPIIbIIIa)-mediated ITP is often refractory to therapies targeting FcγR pathways. Here, we generate mouse anti-mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize GPIbα and GPIIbIIIa of different species. Utilizing these unique mAbs and human ITP plasma, we find that anti-GPIbα, but not anti-GPIIbIIIa antibodies, induces Fc-independent platelet activation, sialidase neuraminidase-1 translocation and desialylation. This leads to platelet clearance in the liver via hepatocyte Ashwell–Morell receptors, which is fundamentally different from the classical Fc–FcγR-dependent macrophage phagocytosis. Importantly, sialidase inhibitors ameliorate anti-GPIbα-mediated thrombocytopenia in mice. These findings shed light on Fc-independent cytopenias, designating desialylation as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the treatment of refractory ITP.
Noble metal-comparable SERS enhancement from semiconducting metal oxides by making oxygen vacancies
Authors: Cong Shan , Yuan Yinyin , Chen Zhigang , Hou Junyu , Yang Mei , Su Yanli , Zhang Yongyi , Li Liang , Li Qingwen , Geng Fengxia , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) represents a very powerful tool for the identification of molecular species, but unfortunately it has been essentially restricted to noble metal supports (Au, Ag and Cu). While the application of semiconductor materials as SERS substrate would enormously widen the range of uses for this technique, the detection sensitivity has been much inferior and the achievable SERS enhancement was rather limited, thereby greatly limiting the practical applications. Here we report the employment of non-stoichiometric tungsten oxide nanostructure, sea urchin-like W18O49 nanowire, as the substrate material, to magnify the substrate–analyte molecule interaction, leading to significant magnifications in Raman spectroscopic signature. The enrichment of surface oxygen vacancy could bring additional enhancements. The detection limit concentration was as low as 10−7 M and the maximum enhancement factor was 3.4 × 105, in the rank of the highest sensitivity, to our best knowledge, among semiconducting materials, even comparable to noble metals without ‘hot spots’.
Insect glycerol transporters evolved by functional co-option and gene replacement
Authors: Finn Roderick Nigel , Chauvigné François , Stavang Jon Anders , Belles Xavier , Cerdà Joan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTransmembrane glycerol transport is typically facilitated by aquaglyceroporins in Prokaryota and Eukaryota. In holometabolan insects however, aquaglyceroporins are absent, yet several species possess polyol permeable aquaporins. It thus remains unknown how glycerol transport evolved in the Holometabola. By combining phylogenetic and functional studies, here we show that a more efficient form of glycerol transporter related to the water-selective channel AQP4 specifically evolved and multiplied in the insect lineage, resulting in the replacement of the ancestral branch of aquaglyceroporins in holometabolan insects. To recapitulate this evolutionary process, we generate specific mutants in distantly related insect aquaporins and human AQP4 and show that a single mutation in the selectivity filter converted a water-selective channel into a glycerol transporter at the root of the crown clade of hexapod insects. Integration of phanerozoic climate models suggests that these events were associated with the emergence of complete metamorphosis and the unparalleled radiation of insects.
Inside-out Ca2+ signalling prompted by STIM1 conformational switch
Authors: Ma Guolin , Wei Ming , He Lian , Liu Chongxu , Wu Bo , Zhang Shenyuan L. , Jing Ji , Liang Xiaowen , Senes Alessandro , Tan Peng , Li Siwei , Sun Aomin , Bi Yunchen , Zhong Ling , Si Hongjiang , Shen Yuequan , Li Minyong , Lee Mi-Sun , Zhou Weibin , Wang Junfeng , Wang Youjun , Zhou Yubin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractStore-operated Ca2+ entry mediated by STIM1 and ORAI1 constitutes one of the major Ca2+ entry routes in mammalian cells. The molecular choreography of STIM1–ORAI1 coupling is initiated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store depletion with subsequent oligomerization of the STIM1 ER-luminal domain, followed by its redistribution towards the plasma membrane to gate ORAI1 channels. The mechanistic underpinnings of this inside-out Ca2+ signalling were largely undefined. By taking advantage of a unique gain-of-function mutation within the STIM1 transmembrane domain (STIM1-TM), here we show that local rearrangement, rather than alteration in the oligomeric state of STIM1-TM, prompts conformational changes in the cytosolic juxtamembrane coiled-coil region. Importantly, we further identify critical residues within the cytoplasmic domain of STIM1 (STIM1-CT) that entail autoinhibition. On the basis of these findings, we propose a model in which STIM1-TM reorganization switches STIM1-CT into an extended conformation, thereby projecting the ORAI-activating domain to gate ORAI1 channels.
A cross-talk between Hepatitis B virus and host mRNAs confers viral adaptation to liver
Authors: Hu Jun , Xu Yaxing , Li Changfei , Hao Junli , Peng Shanxin , Chu Xiaoyu , Zhang Dake , Xu Dongping , Meng Songdong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects approximately 350 million people worldwide. The replication of HBV which genome is only 3.2 kb long relies heavily on host factors. Previous studies demonstrated that a highly expressed liver-specific microRNA (miRNA) miR-122 suppresses HBV expression and replication in multiple ways. In this study, we found that the miR-122 response elements in viral genome facilitate HBV expression and replication in miR-122 highly-expressed hepatocytes. Moreover, mutations in miR-122 response elements are correlated with viral loads and disease progression in HBV-infected patients. We next found that HBV mRNA with miR-122 response elements alone could lead to altered expression of multiple host genes by whole genome expression analysis. HBV mRNA-mediated miR-122 down-regulation plays a major role in HBV mRNA-induced differential gene expression. HBV mRNA could enhance viral replication via miR-122 degradation and the up-regulation of its target cyclin G1. Our study thereby reveals that under the unique condition of high abundance of miR-122 and viral mRNAs and much lower level of miR-122 target in HBV infection, HBV may have evolved to employ the miRNA-mediated virus and host mRNAs network for optimal fitness within hepatocytes.
Ab initio investigation of CaO-ZnO alloys under high pressure
Authors: Sha Xiaojing , Tian Fubo , Li Da , Duan Defang , Chu Binhua , Liu Yunxian , Liu Bingbing , Cui Tian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCaxZn1–xO alloys are potential candidates to achieve wide band-gap, which might significantly promote the band gap engineering and heterojunction design. We performed a crystal structure search for CaO-ZnO system under pressure, using an ab initio evolutionary algorithm implemented in the USPEX code. Four stable ordered CaxZn1–xO structures are found in the pressure range of 8.7–60 GPa. We further constructed the pressure vs. composition phase diagram of CaO-ZnO alloys based on the detailed enthalpy calculations. With the increase in Ca concentration, the CaO-ZnO alloy first undergoes a hexagonal to monoclinic transition and then transforms back to a hexagonal phase. At Above 9 GPa, there is no cubic structure in the alloys, in contrast to the insostructural components (B1-B1). The band gap of the CaxZn1–xO alloy shows an almost linear increase as a function of the Ca concentration. We also investigated the variation regularity of the band gap under pressure.
Factors influencing real time internal structural visualization and dynamic process monitoring in plants using synchrotron-based phase contrast X-ray imaging
Authors: Karunakaran Chithra , Lahlali Rachid , Zhu Ning , Webb Adam M. , Schmidt Marina , Fransishyn Kyle , Belev George , Wysokinski Tomasz , Olson Jeremy , Cooper David M. L. , Hallin Emil 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMinimally invasive investigation of plant parts (root, stem, leaves and flower) has good potential to elucidate the dynamics of plant growth, morphology, physiology and root-rhizosphere interactions. Laboratory based absorption X-ray imaging and computed tomography (CT) systems are extensively used for in situ feasibility studies of plants grown in natural and artificial soil. These techniques have challenges such as low contrast between soil pore space and roots, long X-ray imaging time and low spatial resolution. In this study, the use of synchrotron (SR) based phase contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) has been demonstrated as a minimally invasive technique for imaging plants. Above ground plant parts and roots of 10 day old canola and wheat seedlings grown in sandy clay loam soil were successfully scanned and reconstructed. Results confirmed that SR-PCI can deliver good quality images to study dynamic and real time processes such as cavitation and water-refilling in plants. The advantages of SR-PCI, effect of X-ray energy and effective pixel size to study plant samples have been demonstrated. The use of contrast agents to monitor physiological processes in plants was also investigated and discussed.