bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Effects and Correlating Polarity Parameters in Binary Mixtures of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Beniwal Vijay , Kumar Anil 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUnderstanding how a chemical reaction proceeds in solution requires precise knowledge of solute–solvent interactions. Certain issues involved in ionic liquid binary mixtures are still not clearly understood, including: 1) the effects of hydrogen‐bond‐acceptor basicity (β) of solvents on the “synergistic effects” found in ionic liquid–alcohol mixtures, 2) the interrelation between the polarity parameters in binary mixtures, and 3) the application of a model for the description of normalised electronic transition energy for all the binary mixtures. Here, a detailed analysis of polarity parameters in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ionic liquids has been carried out. A three‐parameter model developed by Roses et al. [J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2­ 1997, 1341—1348] was found to be applicable to all the binary mixtures, and synergistic effects are generated as a result of high β values of alcohols compared with those of the ionic liquids. A strong correlation was observed in the β values and hydrophobicities of pure ionic liquids, suggesting that β values can play a role in describing synergism.
New Potentiometric Sensors Based on Ionic Associates of Sodium Dodecylsulfate and Cationic Complexes of Copper(II) with some Organic Reagents
Authors: Makarova N. M. , Kulapina E. G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNew potentiometric sensors with polymeric plasticized membranes based on ionic associates of sodium dodecylsulfate (DDS) and cationic complexes of copper(II) with some organic reagents (1,10‐phenanthroline (Phen), N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (Salen), α,α′‐dipyridyl (Dipyr) were developed for quantitative determination of homologous sodium alkylsulfates in a wide concentration range 2.0×10−7 (5.0×10−7)–1.0×10−2 (5.0×10−4) M. The low detection limit of DDS was 1.0×10−7 M (28.8 μg/L). The electrodes demonstrated good and extremely stable response to sodium alkylsulfates and were successfully applied to determination of anionic surfactants in water solutions, technical raw preparations, detergents, cosmetic and cleaners.
Improving the Upper Detection Limit of Potentiometric Sensors
Authors: Woźnica Emilia , Wójcik Michał M. , Wojciechowski Marcin , Mieczkowski Józef , Bulska Ewa , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Michalska Agata 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this work the problem of upper detection limit of potentiometric sensors is addressed. Due to deviation of potentiometric plots from cationic Nernstian responses determination of analytes like silver cations in concentrations above 10−2 M is hardly possible, especially in the presence of background electrolyte containing lipophilic anions. Herein proposed approach applied classical complexing ligand, dithizone, attached to gold nanoparticles as ionophore. Immobilization on gold nanoparticles surface effectively anchores ligand molecules within the membrane phase. Thus obtained sensors are characterized with stable, Nernstian, potentiometric responses and selectivity comparable with classical membrane compositions. Moreover, due to lower formation constant of Ag+ with dithizone based ligand, herein reported sensors offer linear, Nernstian responses also in the range of high activity of AgNO3 solutions.
Microstructural, Impedance Spectroscopic and Potentiometric Analysis of Ta2O5 Electrochemical Thick Film pH Sensors
Authors: Manjakkal Libu , Cvejin Katarina , Bajac Branimir , Kulawik Jan , Zaraska Krzysztof , Szwagierczak Dorota 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTwo types of pH sensors based on Ta2O5 thick films, interdigitated conductimetric and potentiometric ones, were screen printed on an alumina substrate. Their properties were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiometry. The impedance spectroscopic studies of the fabricated thick film sensors were carried out in the frequency range of 10 Hz–2 MHz in test solutions of pH 3–12. The conductance, capacitance and impedance of the fabricated conductimetric Ta2O5 sensor were found to be distinctly pH‐dependent at low frequencies. For potentiometric sensors, a sub‐Nernstian behavior was obtained.
Potential Cycling Stability of Composite Films of Graphene Derivatives and Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)
Authors: Lindfors Tom 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe potential cycling stability is compared for poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) composite films prepared either with graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (RGO) or poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS). It is shown that PEDOT‐GO had reversible redox behavior and fast charging/discharging with at least equal electrochemical properties to PEDOT‐PSS. 10 000 potential cycles between −0.5–0.5 V in the three‐electrode cell decreased the anodic charge of PEDOT‐GO with 6.2 %. In the two‐electrode cell, the decrease was only 5.4 % between 0–0.7 V. The potential cycling stability of PEDOT‐GO and PEDOT‐RGO prepared electrochemically without other additives than GO has not been previously reported.
Development of Lab‐to‐Fab Production Equipment Across Several Length Scales for Printed Energy Technologies, Including Solar Cells
Authors: Hösel Markus , Dam Henrik F. , Krebs Frederik C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe describe and review how the scaling of printed energy technologies not only requires scaling of the input materials but also the machinery used in the processes. The general consensus that ultrafast processing of technologies with large energy capacity can only be realized using roll‐to‐roll methods is taken as a premise, and thus the progression from a highly successful laboratory technique (i.e., spin coating) to large‐scale roll‐to‐roll equipment is described in terms of all of the intermediate steps that must be available to make the transfer possible. Spin coating is compatible with materials availability on the small scale and efficient scaling of equipment is a demanding task that must be performed in parallel with increasing materials availability. We outline that 3–5 processing platforms are necessary to efficiently take the laboratory technology to a version that represents the lower end of the industrial scale. The machinery bridges the gap through firstly achieving improved ink efficiency without surface contact, followed by better ink efficiency at higher speeds, and finally large‐area processing at high speed with very high ink efficiency.
Gravure‐Printed ZnO in Fully Roll‐to‐Roll Printed Inverted Organic Solar Cells: Optimization of Adhesion and Performance
Authors: Vilkman Marja , Apilo Pälvi , Välimäki Marja , Ylikunnari Mari , Bernardi Andrea , Po Riccardo , Corso Gianni , Hast Jukka 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe present a gravure printing process for zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle ink to be used as a hole‐blocking layer in inverted organic solar cells, enabling the production of patterned devices with freedom of design. The printability of the ink is optimized in a pilot‐scale roll‐to‐roll (R2R) process, leading to smooth layers having a thickness of few tens of nanometers. The properties of the printed ZnO film are further optimized using R2R post‐printing plasma treatment, which leads to increased adhesion and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The functionality of the printed ZnO layer is demonstrated in fully R2R‐printed inverted solar cells showing high performance (2.9 % mean PCE).
Rational Design of Mesoporous Carbon Electrodes with High Mass Loading for Binder‐Free Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Xiang‐Qian , Dong Wei , Lu An‐Hui , Li Wen‐Cui 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA three‐dimensional mesoporous carbon/nickel foam hybrid material has been prepared using an in situ solution growth approach, and its energy storage as a binder‐free supercapacitor electrode is explored. The nickel foam is chosen as an electrically conducting scaffold and also as a porous substrate for the growth of poly(benzoxazine‐co‐resol). After carbonization, tightly packed carbon layers are uniformly coated on the skeleton of the nickel foam. Such carbons show hierarchical porosity (micro‐, meso‐, macroporosity), a high surface area of 811 m2 g−1, and graphitic domains. These features allow easy access, rapid diffusion, and a high loading of ions, producing a material in which ion diffusion is faster than in bulk carbon and which is highly efficient in producing an increased double‐layer capacitance. The obtained electrodes exhibit an excellent capacitive behavior in KOH solutions, that is, low contact resistance, high specific capacitance (192 F g−1), and good rate performance. Furthermore, the three‐dimensional porous substrates facilitate a high mass loading of active materials, up to 21 mg cm−2, and per‐area capacitance of 1.18 F cm−2. This synthesis strategy is scalable and potentially usable for large‐scale production.
Gene‐Gene Interaction Among WNT Genes for Oral Cleft in Trios
Authors: Li Qing , Kim Yoonhee , Suktitipat Bhoom , Hetmanski Jacqueline B. , Marazita Mary L. , Duggal Priya , Beaty Terri H. , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) have identified multiple genes as important in the etiology of this common birth defect. We performed a candidate gene/pathway analysis explicitly considering gene‐gene (G × G) interaction to further explore the etiology of CL/P. Animal models have shown the WNT signaling pathway plays an important role in mid‐facial development, and various genes in this pathway have been associated with nonsyndromic CL/P in previous studies. We propose a combined approach to search for possible G × G interactions using machine learning and regression‐based methods to test for interactions between genes in the WNT family, and between these genes and other genes identified by GWAS in case‐parent trios. Using this combined approach of regression‐based and machine learning methods in CL/P case‐parent trios, we found robust evidence of G × G interaction between markers in WNT5B and MAFB (empiric P‐values = 0.0076 among Asian trios and P‐values = 0.018 among European trios). Additional evidence for epistatic interaction between markers in WNT5A, IRF6, and C1orf107 was seen among Asian trios, and markers in the 8q24 region and WNT5B among European trios.
Emotional social support and access to care among older people living with HIV in rural China
Authors: Lin Chunqing , Li Li , Ji Guoping , Jie Wu 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesGlobally, the number of older people living with HIV (PLH) is growing. Additionally, older PLH are facing particular challenges related to accessing health care. The objective of this study is to investigate the older PLH's access to care and its relationship to emotional and tangible social support.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 225 PLH who were 50 years of age or older in Anhui, China. A computer‐assisted personal interview was used to collect the participants' demographic characteristics, perceived health status, and access to care. The following two dimensions of social support were measured: emotional support and tangible support. The association between emotional/tangible support and access to care was calculated using Pearson's/point‐biserial correlations and with multiple linear regression.ResultsHigher tangible support was reported by the participants who were married or living with a partner, those who had higher annual income levels, and those with better perceived health status. Emotional support was correlated with higher education, higher income, and better perceived health status. Multiple regression analyses showed that access to care was significantly associated with emotional support (β = 0.2807, p < 0.0001) but not with tangible support (β = −0.0183, p = 0.7922).ConclusionsThe study findings point to the importance of providing emotional support for older PLH. It is suggested that emotional support should be provided for older PLH in addition to tangible assistance, in order to engage them in treatment and care. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and testing of a European Union-wide farm-level carbon calculator
Authors: Tuomisto Hanna L , De Camillis Camillo , Leip Adrian , Nisini Luigi , Pelletier Nathan , Haastrup Palle 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture accounted for approximately 10% of total European Union (EU) emissions in 2010. To reduce farming-related GHG emissions, appropriate policy measures and supporting tools for promoting low-C farming practices may be efficacious. This article presents the methodology and testing results of a new EU-wide, farm-level C footprint calculator. The Carbon Calculator quantifies GHG emissions based on international standards and technical specifications on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and C footprinting. The tool delivers its results both at the farm level and as allocated to up to 5 main products of the farm. In addition to the quantification of GHG emissions, the calculator proposes mitigation options and sequestration actions that may be suitable for individual farms. The results obtained during a survey made on 54 farms from 8 EU Member States are presented. These farms were selected in view of representing the diversity of farm types across different environmental zones in the EU. The results of the C footprint of products in the data set show wide range of variation between minimum and maximum values. The results of the mitigation actions showed that the tool can help identify practices that can lead to substantial emission reductions. To avoid burden-shifting from climate change to other environmental issues, the future improvements of the tool should include incorporation of other environmental impact categories in place of solely focusing on GHG emissions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:404–416. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Key Points
The methodology and testing results of a new European Union-wide, farm-level carbon calculator are presented. The Carbon Calculator reports life cycle assessment-based greenhouse gas emissions at farm and product levels and recommends farm- specific mitigation actions. Based on the results obtained from testing the tool in 54 farms in 8 European countries, it was found that the product-level carbon footprint results are comparable with those of other studies focusing on similar products. The results of the mitigation actions showed that the tool can help identify practices that can lead to substantial emission reductions.
Synergistic effects of atmospheric pressure plasma‐emitted components on DNA oligomers: a Raman spectroscopic study
Authors: Edengeiser Eugen , Lackmann Jan‐Wilm , Bründermann Erik , Schneider Simon , Benedikt Jan , Bandow Julia E. , Havenith Martina 
Published: February 2015

Cold atmospheric‐pressure plasmas have become of increasing importance in sterilization processes especially with the growing prevalence of multi‐resistant bacteria. Albeit the potential for technological application is obvious, much less is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial inactivation. X‐jet technology separates plasma‐generated reactive particles and photons, thus allowing the investigation of their individual and joint effects on DNA. Raman spectroscopy shows that particles and photons cause different modifications in DNA single and double strands. The treatment with the combination of particles and photons does not only result in cumulative, but in synergistic effects. Profilometry confirms that etching is a minor contributor to the observed DNA damage in vitro.
Schematics of DNA oligomer treatment with cold atmospheric‐pressure plasma.magnified imageSchematics of DNA oligomer treatment with cold atmospheric‐pressure plasma.
Reduction in Torsional Stiffness and Strength at the Proximal Tibia as a Function of Time Since Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Edwards W Brent , Simonian Narina , Troy Karen L , Schnitzer Thomas J 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by marked bone loss and a high rate of low-energy fracture around regions of the knee. Changes in the mechanical integrity of bone after SCI are poorly defined, and a better understanding may inform approaches to prevent fractures. The purpose of this study was to quantify reductions in torsional stiffness and strength at the proximal tibia as a function of time since SCI. Sixty adults with SCI ranging from 0 to 50 years of duration and a reference group of 10 able-bodied controls received a CT scan of the proximal tibia. Measures of integral bone mineral were calculated for the total proximal tibia, and localized measures of cortical and trabecular bone mineral were calculated for the epiphysis, metaphysis, and diaphysis. Torsional stiffness (K) and strength (Tult) for the total proximal tibia were quantified using validated subject-specific finite element models. Total proximal tibia measures of integral bone mineral, K, and Tult decreased exponentially (r2 = 0.52 to 0.70) and reached a new steady state within 2.1 to 2.7 years after SCI. Whereas new steady-state values for integral bone mineral and K were 52% to 56% (p &lt; 0.001) lower than the reference group, the new steady state for Tult was 69% (p &lt; 0.001) lower than the reference group. Reductions in total proximal tibia measures occurred through a combination of trabecular and endocortical resorption, leaving a bone comprised primarily of marrow fat rather than hydroxyapatite. These findings illustrate that a short therapeutic window exists early (ie, 2 years) after SCI, during which bone-specific intervention may attenuate reductions in mechanical integrity and ultimately prevent SCI-related fragility fracture. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Association of Fetuin-A With Incident Fractures in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Fink Howard A , Bůžková Petra , Garimella Pranav S , Mukamal Kenneth J , Cauley Jane A , Kizer Jorge R , Barzilay Joshua I , Jalal Diana I , Ix Joachim H 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Fetuin-A, a serum protein that regulates calcium mineralization, has been associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in several cross-sectional human studies, suggesting a possible beneficial effect on clinically important measures of bone health. Fetuin-A and incidence of subsequent fracture was assessed in 4714 men and women ≥65 years of age. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate risk of incident hip (hospital discharge ICD-9 codes) and composite fracture (hip, pelvis, humerus, or proximal forearm; hospital discharge ICD-9 codes and Medicare claims data). A total of 576 participants had an incident hip fracture (median follow-up 11.2 years) and 768 had an incident composite fracture (median follow-up 6.9 years). In unadjusted analyses, there was no association between fetuin-A (per SD increase) and risk of hip fracture (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.05) or composite fracture (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.06). Results were not significantly changed after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Analyses modeling fetuin-A in quartiles or within a subset with available BMD measures also showed no statistically significant association with risk of hip or composite fracture. Though fetuin-A was positively associated with areal BMD in partially adjusted models (total hip: β, 0.013 g/cm2; 95% CI, 0.005 to 0.021; femoral neck: β, 0.011 g/cm2; 95% CI, 0.004 to 0.018; and lumbar spine: β, 0.007 g/cm2; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.028), these associations were no longer significant after further adjustment for BMI and in final multivariate models. In this large sample of community-dwelling older adults, a small positive association between fetuin-A and areal BMD appeared attributable to confounding variables and we found no evidence of an association between fetuin-A and risk of clinical fracture. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A novel CRTH2 antagonist: Single‐ and multiple‐dose tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ACT‐453859 in healthy subjects
Authors: Géhin Martine , Strasser Daniel S. , Zisowsky Jochen , Farine Hervé , Groenen Peter M.A. , Dingemanse Jasper , Sidharta Patricia N. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule expressed on T‐helper 2 cells (CRTH2) is a G‐protein‐coupled receptor for prostaglandin D2, a key mediator in inflammatory disorders. In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study we investigated the single‐ and multiple‐dose tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) up to a dose of 800 mg once a day of ACT‐453859, a potent and selective CRTH2 antagonist. ACT‐453859 was moderately rapidly absorbed and followed a biphasic elimination pattern, with an elimination half‐life between 11 and 20 hours. Steady‐state conditions were reached after 1 day, and ACT‐453859 did not accumulate. Urinary excretion of unchanged ACT‐453859 did not exceed 1.4% of the administered dose. Administration of ACT‐453859 resulted in a dose‐dependent blockadeof CRTH2 on the surface of eosinophils. The maximum PD effect of ACT‐453859 was reached about 2.0 hours after dosing, which corresponded to the highest concentration at which PD were assessed. At steady state, 100 and 800 mg ACT‐453859 once a day resulted in blockade of CRTH2 over 24 hours. In this entry‐into‐humans study, ACT‐453859 showed good tolerability at all doses and a PK and PD profile compatible with once‐daily dosing.
Fast enclosure for the minimum norm least squares solution of the matrix equation AXB = C
Authors: Miyajima Shinya 
Published: February 2015

SummaryFast algorithms for enclosing the minimum norm least squares solution of the matrix equation AXB = C are proposed. To develop these algorithms, theories for obtaining error bounds of numerical solutions are established. The error bounds obtained by these algorithms are verified in the sense that all the possible rounding errors have been taken into account. Techniques for accelerating the enclosure and obtaining smaller error bounds are introduced. Numerical results show the properties of the proposed algorithms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HOMEWORK MANAGEMENT SCALE: CONFIRMING THE FACTOR STRUCTURE WITH MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CHINA
Authors: Xu Jianzhong , Fan Xitao , Du Jianxia 
Published: February 2015

This study presents a psychometric evaluation of the Homework Management Scale (HMS) for mathematics, consisting of five subscales for measuring ' homework management strategies. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted with a sample of middle school students (N = 796). Results indicated that the factor structure of the Chinese version of the HMS for mathematics was consistent with the original one developed in the United States. Furthermore, the HMS and its subscales were correlated with related measures (i.e., homework purpose, homework behaviors, and learning strategies) in the theoretically expected directions. These findings suggest that Chinese version of the HMS is a valid multidimensional measure for mathematics homework at the middle school level. In addition, these findings strengthen the validity of the HMS, as China and United States represent two countries in East and West that differ with regard to their education system in general, and with homework practices in particular.