bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ‘Charity’ Case in Point
Authors: Herle Rebecca 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article is written by Rebecca Herle who is the Head of Sales and Marketing at the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England & Wales (ICLR). Her article draws on material delivered by two of her colleagues at the ICLR, namely Daniel Hoadley's recent plenary session at the BIALL Conference 2014 called, ‘The Curious Case of the Judgment Enhancers’ and Paul Magrath's article published by Infolaw.co.uk, entitled ‘The Future of Law Reporting’. It also refers in part to Lord Neuberger's speech for the first annual BAILII Lecture (in 2012) entitled ‘No Judgment – No Justice’, and reflects upon the position of the ICLR in the legal profession today. From the birth of the ICLR in 1865 to the present day the article provides a brief history, and then explores the current day issues, of this charitable publisher in its surrounding legal environment. She also offers a glimpse into what the future might hold.
Smartphones for Law Students – Persuasive, Pervasive and Legal: a Research Study
Authors: Abbas Zaki , MacFarlane Andrew , Göker Ayşe 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSmartphones have quickly become a key part of our daily lives. Over 70 percent of people in the UK own such a device and law students are no exception to this far-reaching trend1. The use of these devices has posed some significant questions on the extent of their impact on information seeking behaviour and in relation to information delivery of resources. Zaki Abbas, Andrew MacFarlane and Ayşe Göker, who have recently begun a research project together, seek to not only examine the information seeking behaviours (ISBs) of law students using their Smartphones for academic information retrieval, but also to investigate perspectives from subject law librarians from Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) throughout the UK. There is an impression that students tend to find Smartphones more appealing for their information seeking needs compared to the professional resources and services, such as virtual libraries, which their HEI have already invested in. The result leads to a deep concern from subject librarians that students may be at risk from weakening research skills as well as relying too much on poor information sources not specifically designed to meet their information needs within the academic context5. The authors also suggest that information service providers to be more pro-active in providing information to students through more user-friendly interfaces as well as capitalise on the growing use of the Smartphone as a means to deliver their product4,5,6,15.
Legal indexing
Authors: Hewitt A. R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis is an edited version of an article by A.R. Hewitt which first appeared in The Indexer in Autumn 1963 and was re-published in The indexer in 2014. The editor of LIM felt that the article deserved a wider audience and is grateful to The Indexer for allowing it to be reproduced here*. Although contemporary indexers do not have to trouble themselves with the layout of index cards, much of the advice contained in it is still applicable a half-century later. It is concerned with English law, but again, many of the principles apply to indexing works on legal subjects for other jurisdictions.
Transaction-specific investments and organizational choice: a Coase-to-Coase theory
Authors: MICELI THOMAS J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper examines markets, firms, and the law as alternative institutional arrangements for organizing transactions that involve transaction-specific investments and uncertain performance. The analysis is the logical extension of Coase's seminal analysis of the market-firm boundary on one hand, and the market-law boundary on the other. It thus combines insights from the literature on industrial organization and law and economics. The result is a unified framework that reveals the relative advantages and disadvantages, within a fairly simple economic setting, of market exchange, court ordering (contracts), and internal governance (agency).
1.8 μm broadband light source using super luminescent diode
Authors: Yamada M. , Ono J. , Mise K. , Shimose Y. , Mori H. , Yamada A. , Ota K. , Senda K. , Maeda Y. , Koyama O. , Ono H. 
Published: September 2014

The first light source with a broadband spectrum in the 1800 nm wavelength region has been developed by employing a cascade configuration with a 1.65 μm band super luminescent diode and a Tm3+‐doped fibre amplification unit. The achieved bandwidth where the intensity exceeded ‐20 dBm/nm was 247 nm (from 1611 to 1858 nm) with a low ripple, whose peak‐to‐peak value was <0.15 dB.
cddApp: a Cytoscape app for accessing the NCBI conserved domain database
Authors: Morris John H. , Wu Allan , Yamashita Roxanne A. , Marchler-Bauer Aron , Ferrin Thomas E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Motivation: cddApp is a Cytoscape extension that supports the annotation of protein networks with information about domains and specific functional sites from the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s conserved domain database (CDD). CDD information is loaded for nodes annotated with NCBI numbers or UniProt identifiers and (optionally) Protein Data Bank structures. cddApp integrates with the Cytoscape apps structureViz2 and enhancedGraphics. Together, these three apps provide powerful tools to annotate nodes with CDD domain and site information and visualize that information in both network and structural contexts.
Availability and implementation: cddApp is written in Java and freely available for download from the Cytoscape app store ( http://apps.cytoscape.org ). Documentation is provided at http://www.rbvi.ucsf.edu/cytoscape , and the source is publically available from GitHub http://github.com/RBVI/cddApp .
Contact: scooter@cgl.ucsf.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nutritional management of gastrointestinal surgical patients in Victoria's public hospitals
Authors: Barker Lisa A. , Crowe Timothy C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimPoor nutritional status has negative effects on post‐operative outcomes, further compounded by surgical stress and fasting, places gastrointestinal surgery patients at high risk of malnutrition. Recent published research has challenged historic surgical nutrition practices; however, changes to practice in Australia have been slow. The aim of this study was to investigate current nutritional management of gastrointestinal surgery patients and compare this with the best practice guidelines, while exploring enablers to implementation of best practice.MethodsA 30‐question telephone survey was developed to explore demographics and nutritional management of gastrointestinal surgical patients during pre‐admission, inpatient stay and post‐operative care. Forty‐one gastrointestinal surgery dietitians were identified and contacted from 31 public hospitals in Victoria, Australia, and invited to participate.ResultsTwenty‐five dietitians participated in the survey (response rate 61%). Very few dietitians (12%) were funded for pre‐admission clinics or outpatient clinics, and, overwhelmingly, dietitians reported not being involved in nutritional decision‐making, and reported feeling unsatisfied with current nutritional management of patients. Despite half the hospitals reporting following best practice guidelines, only 22% implemented guidelines completely. There was no correlation observed between dietitian experience, department size or full‐time equivalents allocated to surgery and nutritional intervention; however, the presence of a care pathway made a significant difference to the dietitian's overall satisfaction with dietetic care (P = 0.002).ConclusionsCurrent nutritional management of gastrointestinal surgery patients in Victorian hospitals is far from best practice. The implementation of a care pathway is the most effective way of ensuring best practice nutritional management of gastrointestinal surgical patients.
Risk factors for early intrahepatic distant recurrence after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients
Authors: Montasser Mohammed Fawzy , Shaker Mohamed Kamal , Albreedy Ashraf M , Montasser Iman Fawzy , El Dorry Ahmed 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveEarly tumor recurrence, either local or intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR), after successful radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant problem. The study aimed to determine the potential risk factors for IDR within one year after successful RFA in HCC patients.MethodsIn total, 105 patients with 138 lesions who underwent RFA and were followed up for at least one year were included in this study. The patients' data was retrospectively reviewed. Multiple host and tumoral potential risk factors were analyzed.ResultsIDR was found in 62 (59.0%) of all patients. Cumulative IDR‐free survival rates in all patients studied were 81.9%, 45.4% and 35.2% at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively, after RFA. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that both tumor size >2.8 cm and primary multinodular tumors were significant risk factors for IDR within one year after RFA.ConclusionsPatients with tumors of >2.8 cm in diameter or multinodular HCC should be closely monitored for early recurrence after RFA. Combined or systemic therapies should be tried for these patients to improve their disease‐free and overall survival.
Delayed Haematological recovery after autologous stem cell transplantation is associated with favourable outcome in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Wetzel Dana , Mueller Beatrice U. , Mansouri Taleghani Behrouz , Baerlocher Gabriela M. , Seipel Katja , Leibundgut Kurt , Pabst Thomas 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAutologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is applied to consolidate first remission in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However, outcome after ASCT widely varies among AML patients. We analyzed the prognostic significance of haematological recovery for neutrophils [absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >1·0 × 109/l] and platelets (platelet count >20·0 × 109/l), stratifying at day 20 after ASCT in 88 consecutive and homogeneously treated AML patients in first remission. We observed that patients with delayed recovery had better overall survival (OS; ANC: P < 0·0001 and platelets: P = 0·0062) and time to progression (TTP; ANC: P = 0·0003 and platelets: P = 0·0125). Delayed recovery was an independent marker for better OS and TTP in a multivariate analysis including age, gender, number of transfused CD34+ cells, cytogenetics, FLT3‐internal tandem duplication and NPM1 mutation. Our results suggest that delayed neutrophil and platelet recovery is associated with longer OS and TTP in AML patients consolidated with ASCT in first remission.
The intergenerational transmission of ethnic essentialism: how parents talk counts the most
Authors: Segall Gili , Birnbaum Dana , Deeb Inas , Diesendruck Gil 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe present study analyzed the role of parents as potential sources of children's essentialist beliefs about ethnicity. We tested 76 parent–child (5‐year‐olds) dyads of Jewish Israeli parents from three social groups, defined by the kindergartens children attended: national religious, secular, or Jewish‐Arab integrated. We assessed parents' and children's beliefs, and parents' usage of ethnic attitudinal and categorization markers in a book‐reading activity. Overall, national religious parents manifested the strongest ethnic essentialism and endorsement of anti‐negotiations with Palestinians, and were the most likely to express negative attitudes and mark ethnic categories in their conversations with their children. Moreover, regression analyses revealed that ethnic categorization in parents' speech was the most reliable predictor of children's ethnic essentialism. Ethnic essentialism is transmitted to children not via explicit communication of intergroup beliefs or attitudes, but rather via the sheer marking of categories in ways that resonate with children's own intuitive ways of conceptualizing the social world.
Micropore characteristics of organic matter pools in cemented and non‐cemented podzolic horizons
Authors: Catoni M. , D'amico M. E. , Mittelmeijer‐Hazeleger M. C. , Rothenberg G. , Bonifacio E. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn Podzols, organic matter (OM) is stabilized mainly by interaction with minerals, as a direct consequence of pedogenic processes. Metal–organic associations strongly affect OM surface features, particularly microporosity. Cemented ortstein horizons (CM) may form during podzolization, accompanied by a spatial arrangement of OM on mineral surfaces, which differs from that in non‐cemented horizons (N‐CM). To investigate the metal–organic associations and their changes during pedogenesis, we selected both N‐CM and CM podzolic horizons, isolated NaClO‐resistant OM and compared the specific surface area (SSA) before and after OM oxidation. The SSA was assessed by using N2, to detect the pores in the range of micropores (< 2 nm) and mesopores (2–50 nm), and CO2, to measure a smaller microporosity (< 0.5 nm), which is not accessible to N2. Only the N‐CM samples showed the typical increase in N2‐SSA after the removal of labile OM, while a decrease was found in all CM horizons. The CO2‐SSA revealed a large number of small micropores characterizing OM, both before and after oxidation. The smallest micropore classes (< 0.5 nm) were, however, more abundant in NaClO‐resistant OM, which had therefore a larger number of N2‐inaccessible surfaces than the labile pool. The N2‐SSA data thus indicated a more homogeneous coverage of mineral surfaces by stabilized OM in CM samples. Because of the abundance of small micropores, OM in these podzolic B horizons had extremely large CO2‐SSA values (about 800 m2 g−1), with sharp differences between the NaClO‐labile OM (290–380 m2 g−1) and the NaClO‐stabilized pool (1380–1860 m2 g−1), thus indicating very reactive illuvial organic materials.
Dams and canyons disrupt gene flow among populations of a threatened riparian plant
Authors: Werth Silke , Schödl Michael , Scheidegger Christoph 
Published: September 2014

SummaryNatural and man‐made barriers have a significant impact on the population structure and genetic diversity of aquatic species. Little is known whether terrestrial, riparian species are affected in the same way by barriers.Here, we analysed the genetic structure of a threatened riparian shrub based on 20 microsatellite markers and 1176 individuals collected from 34 localities in four Alpine rivers in Europe (Isar, Lech, Rhine and Tagliamento). The catchments comprised a variety of potential barriers to gene flow for terrestrial riparian plants: dams, channelised stretches of river and canyons. We compared the average level of genetic differentiation (pairwiseFST) between connected localities and localities isolated by natural or man‐made barriers.Genetic differentiation was higher between localities isolated by a barrier than between connected localities, indicating genetic isolation caused by barriers. This increased degree of genetic differentiation across barriers was evident in geographic tree models.Our results demonstrate genetic isolation effects due to large dams in a characteristic plant of Central European floodplains, highlighting that these types of barriers may negatively impact riparian plant populations. We also found genetic isolation effects in populations separated by natural barriers (canyons). These results have important implications for understanding the dynamics of riparian plant populations and for designing suitable management strategies for an effective conservation of riparian plants.
Intercropping enhances soil carbon and nitrogen
Authors: Cong Wen‐Feng , Hoffland Ellis , Li Long , Six Johan , Sun Jian‐Hao , Bao Xing‐Guo , Zhang Fu‐Suo , Van Der Werf Wopke 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntercropping, the simultaneous cultivation of multiple crop species in a single field, increases aboveground productivity due to species complementarity. We hypothesized that intercrops may have greater belowground productivity than sole crops, and sequester more soil carbon over time due to greater input of root litter. Here, we demonstrate a divergence in soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content over 7 years in a field experiment that compared rotational strip intercrop systems and ordinary crop rotations. Soil organic C content in the top 20 cm was 4% ± 1% greater in intercrops than in sole crops, indicating a difference in C sequestration rate between intercrop and sole crop systems of 184 ± 86 kg C ha−1 yr−1. Soil organic N content in the top 20 cm was 11% ± 1% greater in intercrops than in sole crops, indicating a difference in N sequestration rate between intercrop and sole crop systems of 45 ± 10 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Total root biomass in intercrops was on average 23% greater than the average root biomass in sole crops, providing a possible mechanism for the observed divergence in soil C sequestration between sole crop and intercrop systems. A lowering of the soil δ15N signature suggested that increased biological N fixation and/or reduced gaseous N losses contributed to the increases in soil N in intercrop rotations with faba bean. Increases in soil N in wheat/maize intercrop pointed to contributions from a broader suite of mechanisms for N retention, e.g., complementary N uptake strategies of the intercropped plant species. Our results indicate that soil C sequestration potential of strip intercropping is similar in magnitude to that of currently recommended management practises to conserve organic matter in soil. Intercropping can contribute to multiple agroecosystem services by increased yield, better soil quality and soil C sequestration.
Elucidating encounters of atypical ductal hyperplasia arising in gynaecomastia
Authors: Wells Justin M , Liu Yifang , Ginter Paula S , Nguyen Michaela T , Shin Sandra J 
Published: September 2014

AimsAtypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) rarely arises in gynaecomastia. We set out to understand more clearly the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features of ADH in this setting.Methods and resultsTwenty‐five cases of ADH arising in gynaecomastia, nine cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 36 cases of gynaecomastia with usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH) were studied. Reviews of clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical findings were performed. The extent of cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) luminal epithelial cell staining was assessed (0% = 0, <10% = 1, 10–50% = 2 and >50% = 3). Oestrogen receptor (ER) was evaluated using the H‐scoring system. The average age of ADH patients was 35 years (range 14–78). ADH was bilateral in 20% and less frequent in active gynaecomastia (24%). ADH often showed a cribriform pattern (72%), with less nuclear variation/size and similar frequency of mitoses than UDH cells. CK5/6 luminal epithelial staining was decreased in ADH (68%) versus UDH (11%). ADH showed high ER expression compared to UDH (H score >270 in 88% and 14%, respectively).ConclusionsADH in gynaecomastia can be distinguished from UDH by morphological and immunhistochemical features. We also identified a subset of young patients (<25 years) with extensive bilateral ADH. More studies are needed to characterize this patient subset more clearly.
Implementation of Emergency Department Transfer Communication Measures in Minnesota Critical Access Hospitals
Authors: Klingner Jill , Moscovice Ira , Casey Michelle , McEllistrem Evenson Alex 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposePreviously published findings based on field tests indicated that emergency department patient transfer communication measures are feasible and worthwhile to implement in rural hospitals. This study aims to expand those findings by focusing on the wide‐scale implementation of these measures in the 79 Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) in Minnesota from 2011 to 2013.MethodsInformation was obtained from interviews with key informants involved in implementing the emergency department patient transfer communication measures in Minnesota as part of required statewide quality reporting. The first set of interviews targeted state‐level organizations regarding their experiences working with providers. A second set of interviews targeted quality and administrative staff from CAHs regarding their experiences implementing measures.FindingsImplementing the measures in Minnesota CAHs proved to be successful in a number of respects, but informants also faced new challenges. Our recommendations, addressed to those seeking to successfully implement these measures in other states, take these challenges into account.ConclusionsField‐testing new quality measure implementations with volunteers may not be indicative of a full‐scale implementation that requires facilities to participate. The implementation team's composition, communication efforts, prior relationships with facilities and providers, and experience with data collection and abstraction tools are critical factors in successfully implementing required reporting of quality measures on a wide scale.
A new sunscreen application technique to protect more efficiently from ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Jeanmougin Michel , Bouloc Anne , Schmutz Jean‐Luc 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundUV radiation protection is an important health issue. Sophisticated sunscreen formulations have been developed to improve compliance. However, sunscreen is still inadequately applied, leaving large body areas without effective protection.AimThis study aims to validate a newly developed sunscreen application technique for adults and children.MethodsFifty‐eight volunteers were recruited to participate in a monocenter, intraindividual, sequential, comparative study. The covering potential of their currently used sunscreen application technique and of a newly developed systematized application technique (Dose, Apply, Spread) were compared. Evaluation criteria included the amount of product applied, the homogeneity of sunscreen application as measured by the Wood's lamp, and the volunteers' appreciation of the new technique.ResultsFifty‐eight volunteers participated in the study: 20 women, 19 men, and 19 children. Respecting the new application technique resulted in a statistically significant (P < 0.05) more evenly spread sunscreen on the different parts of the body and an increase in the amount of product applied. Furthermore, the body surface area covered was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the new technique was well perceived and accepted by the volunteers.ConclusionThe proposed new application technique ensures that more sunscreen will be used and that it will be applied more evenly. Educational work could help improve the efficient use of sunscreens, therefore providing better UV protection.