bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Targets for Prevention of Peritoneal Catheter Tunnel and Exit-Site Infections in Low Incidence Settings
Authors: Santos Clara , Pérez-Fontán Miguel , Rodríguez-Carmona Ana , Calvo-Rodríguez María , López-Muñiz Andrés , López-Calviño Beatriz , García-Falcón Teresa 
Published: October 2014

♦ Background Peritoneal catheter tunnel and exit-site infection (TESI) complicates the clinical course of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Adherence to recommendations for catheter insertion, exit-site care, and management of Staphylococcus aureus (SAu) carriage reduces, but does not abrogate the risk of these infections. ♦ Objective To reappraise the risk profile for TESI in an experienced center with a long-term focus on management of SAu carriage and a low incidence of these infections. ♦ Method Following a retrospective, observational design, we investigated 665 patients incident on PD. The main study variable was survival to the first episode of TESI. We considered selected demographic, clinical, and technical variables, applying multivariate strategies of analysis. ♦ Main results The overall incidence of TESI was 1 episode/68.5 patient-months. Staphylococcus aureus carriage disclosed at inception of PD (but not if observed sporadically during follow-up) (hazard ratio [HR] 1.53, p = 0.009), PD started shortly after catheter insertion (HR 0.98 per day, p = 0.011), PD after kidney transplant failure (HR 2.18, p = 0.017), lower hemoglobin levels (HR 0.88 per g/dL, p = 0.013) and fast peritoneal transport rates (HR 2.92, p = 0.03) portended an increased risk of TESI. Delaying PD ≥ 30 days after catheter insertion markedly improved the probability of TESI. Carriage of methicillin-resistant SAu since the start of PD was associated with a high incidence of TESI by these bacteria. On the contrary, resistance to mupirocin did not predict such a risk, probably due to the use of an alternative regime in affected patients. ♦ Conclusions Adherence to current recommendations results in a low incidence of TESI in PD patients. Interventions on specific risk subsets have a potential to bring incidence close to negligible levels. Despite systematic screening and management, SAu carriage is still a predictor of TESI. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns may help to refine stratification of the risk of TESI by these bacteria. Early insertion of the peritoneal catheter should be considered whenever possible, to reduce the risk of later TESI.
Les Suisses
Authors: Haynal André , Falzeder Ernst 
Published: October 2014

L’explosion d’intérêt pour la psychanalyse dans les premiers jours du xx e siècle a abouti à la constitution d’un groupe important à Zurich, essentiellement à la clinique Burghölzli, autour d’E. Bleuler et C.G. Jung, préoccupés par la compréhension psychanalytique des malades psychotiques. Les méandres de l’évolution ultérieure de ce groupe puis d’autres regroupements dans les différentes parties linguistiques du pays témoignent du développement d’un large éventail de différentes tendances, dans une communauté psychanalytique fortement diversifiée.
A Review of the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis and the Use of Intra-articular Platelet Therapy for Joint Disease in Animals and Humans
Authors: Ortolano Girolamo A. , Wenz Barry 
Published: October 2014

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans and domestic animals. It causes significant clinical problems and substantial health care costs. In the absence of disease-modifying medical intervention, therapy is currently restricted to palliative measures prior to surgical intervention.We review the pathogenesis, as well as conservative and emerging restorative therapeutic approaches, including cytokines, stem cells, and platelets. The various methods of platelet concentrate preparations and their reported outcomes are discussed. Data collected from the use of intra-articular platelet therapy (IAPT) in dogs are reviewed, which suggest that this approach may delay or in some cases even obviate the need for surgical intervention.
Stratification and horizontal exchange in Lake Victoria, East Africa
Authors: MacIntyre Sally , Romero José R. , Silsbe Gregory M. , Emery Brian M. 
Published: October 2014

We characterize stratification patterns over diel, seasonal, and annual time scales in inshore and offshore regions of Lake Victoria, East Africa; determine conditions leading to horizontal exchanges; and, using surface energy budgets derived from local meteorological stations and two reanalysis products, address whether stratification depends on advective as opposed to local processes. The largest change in the surface energy budget occurred when winds intensified at the end of the long rains, with the wind's intensification, duration, and spatial extent dependent on El Niño–Southern Oscillation cycles. These winds flush inshore waters and cause cross‐basin upwelling similar to that observed in the deep African Great Lakes. Wedderburn numbers indicated mixing and cross‐basin within‐thermocline transport. The internal wave‐induced mixing and enhanced latent heat fluxes of −300 to −400 W m−2 contributed to the loss of seasonal stratification. Advection of cool water was required to balance the heat budget of northern offshore waters in the latter half of the southeast monsoon except in an El Niño year. Northern waters became weakly stratified after the southeast monsoon, with nocturnal winds contributing to heat transport and ventilation of the lower water column. Following the rainy season, downwelling by sustained southerly albeit low winds is a likely cause of the seasonal thermocline. Inshore waters are 0.2–1.5°C warmer than those offshore, conditions conducive to horizontal convective circulation except during onshore winds. The seasonal cycle of stratification and inshore–offshore and cross‐basin exchanges are moderated by differential heating, cooling, and basin‐scale thermocline tilting.
A regime shift in Lake Superior ice cover, evaporation, and water temperature following the warm El Niñ winter of 1997–1998
Authors: Van Cleave Katherine , Lenters John D. , Wang Jia , Verhamme Edward M. 
Published: October 2014

Significant trends in Lake Superior water temperature and ice cover have been observed in recent decades, and these trends have typically been analyzed using standard linear regression techniques. Although the linear trends are statistically significant and contribute to an understanding of environmental change, a careful examination of the trends shows important nonlinearities. We identify a pronounced step change that occurred in Lake Superior following the warm El Niño winter of 1997–1998, resulting in a “regime shift” in summer evaporation rate, water temperature, and numerous metrics of winter ice cover. This statistically significant step change accounts for most of the long‐term trends in ice cover, water temperature, and evaporation during the period 1973–2010, and it was preceded (and followed) by insignificant linear trends in nearly all of the metrics examined. The 1998 step change is associated with a decrease in winter ice duration of 39 d (a 34% decline), an increase of ∼ 2–3°C in mean surface water temperature (July–September averages), and a 91% increase in July–August evaporation rates, reflecting an earlier start to the summer evaporation season. Maximum wintertime ice extent decreased by nearly a factor of two, from an average of 69% of the lake surface area (before 1997–1998) to 36% after the step change. This reassessment of long‐term trends highlights the importance of nonlinear regime shifts such as the 1997–1998 break point—an event that may be related to a similar shift in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation that occurred around the same time. These pronounced changes in Lake Superior physical characteristics are likely to have important implications for the broader lake ecosystem.
Iron speciation in the eastern tropical South Pacific oxygen minimum zone off Peru
Authors: Vedamati Jagruti , Goepfert Tyler , Moffett James W. 
Published: October 2014

Vertical profiles of total dissolved iron (DFe), Fe(II), and hydrographic parameters were obtained along three transects across the continental shelf off Peru in October 2005. Fe(II) and DFe concentrations were determined using luminol chemiluminescence and isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), respectively. The objective was to study the relationships among redox chemistry, nitrogen‐cycle processes, bottom topography, and the distribution and chemistry of iron in the region. The results are the most thorough survey to date of Fe geochemistry in this region. Exceedingly high DFe (∼ 50–75 nmol L−1) was measured over the wide northern continental shelf, with most of the dissolved Fe present as Fe(II) below the oxycline. In southern Peru, the shelf is narrower, and dissolved Fe concentrations were 10‐fold lower. Moreover, a smaller fraction of the dissolved Fe was present as Fe(II) in the south, even below the oxycline. At the western ends of the transects, Fe(II) maxima were coincident with deep (i.e., secondary) nitrite maxima. This suggests a relationship between nitrate reduction and Fe(II) accumulation in the water column. However, over the shelf, Fe(II) was also influenced by benthic processes. Large lateral gradients in dissolved Fe across the shelf–slope break reflect Fe removal by oxidative scavenging, and it seems plausible that much of the Fe is “trapped” by redox cycling on the shelf. Nevertheless, the maintenance of dissolved Fe(II) filaments within the secondary nitrite maxima constitutes an important mechanism for Fe transport offshore.
Decay curve analyses in carrier lifetime measurements of p- and n-type 4H-SiC epilayers
Authors: Hayashi Toshihiko , Okuda Takafumi , Suda Jun , Kimoto Tsunenobu 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The impacts of the ambipolar diffusion constant and surface recombination in carrier lifetime measurements of p- and n-type 4H-SiC epilayers are investigated in detail by comparing a numerical simulation based on a diffusion equation and the measurement of microwave photoconductance decay (µ-PCD) curves measured from 4H-SiC epilayers. The simulation reveals that the shapes of decay curves of excess carrier concentration in epilayers, which defines the effective carrier lifetime, are different between p- and n-type 4H-SiC under a low-level injection condition, even when the bulk lifetime and the surface recombination velocity are fixed to the same values for p- and n-type epilayers. In experiments, the shapes of the microwave photoconductance decay curves measured from p- and n-type 4H-SiC epilayers show a similar tendency to the simulation results under a low-level injection condition. This is attributed to the difference in the dependence of the ambipolar diffusion constant on the excess carrier concentration for p- and n-type 4H-SiC. The comparison of µ-PCD decay curves obtained from 50-µm-thick epilayers with different surface passivation indicates that the surface recombination velocity on the epilayer passivated with deposited SiO2 followed by NO annealing is about one order of magnitude lower than that of the epilayer passivated with the dry oxide.
Bowel Resection Outcomes in Ovarian Cancer Cytoreductive Surgery by Surgeon Specialty
Authors: Ebott Jasmine , Has Phinnara , Raker Christina , Robison Katina 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceExtensive bowel surgery is often necessary to achieve complete cytoreduction in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Regardless of who performs the surgery, it has been well documented that bowel resections are a high-risk procedure and an anastomotic leak is a severe complication that can occur. There are few studies addressing whether surgeon type impacts surgical outcomes in this patient population.ObjectiveTo compare surgical outcomes between gynecologic oncologist, general surgeons, and a 2-surgeon team approach for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent bowel surgery during cytoreductive debulking.Design, Setting, ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program datasets from 2012 through 2020. The aforementioned years of the dataset were analyzed from March 2022 to March 2023 and reanalyzed in May 2024 for quality assurance. Analysis of cytoreductive surgeries performed by a gynecologic oncologist, a general surgeon, or a 2-surgeon team approach for patients with ovarian cancer recorded in National Surgical Quality Improvement Program datasets was included. The 2-surgeon team approach included any combination of the aforementioned surgical specialties.Main outcome and measureThe primary outcome of interest was anastomotic leak after bowel surgery during ovarian cancer debulking.ResultsA total of 1810 patients were included in the study; in the general surgery cohort, mean (SD) patient age was 65.1 (11.1) years and mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) was 26.9 (7.4); in the gynecologic oncology cohort, mean (SD) patient age was 63.5 (11.7) years and mean BMI (SD) was 27.7 (6.5); and in the 2-surgeon team cohort, mean (SD) patient age 62.4 (12.1) years and mean (SD) BMI was 28.1 (7.0). Gynecologic oncologists performed 1217 cases (67.2%), general surgery performed 97 cases (5.4%), and 496 cases had 2-surgeon teams involved (27.4%). Bivariate analysis revealed an anastomotic leak rate of 3.6% for gynecologic oncologists, 5.2% for general surgeons, and 0.4% for cases that had 2 surgical teams involved (P &amp;lt; .001). By multivariable analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for anastomotic leak was 1.53 (95% CI, 0.59-3.96) for the general surgeon group (P = .38) vs an adjusted odds ratio of 0.11 (95% CI, 0.03-0.47) for the 2-surgeon team approach (P = .003) with the referent being gynecologic oncology.Conclusion and RelevanceIn this study, the anastomotic leak rate was found to be lower when 2 surgeons participated in the case, regardless of the surgical specialty. These results suggest that team-based care improves surgical outcomes.
The Ni Heteroatom‐Induced Electronic Structure Tailoring of Ultrastable Fe3N@NCPs Nanosheets Electrocatalyst for Boosting Alkaline Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Wang Gang , Tang Wenshuai , Chen Ya , Ji Peiyi , Lu Mingxia , Wei Hongliang , Cui Lifeng , Chen Xiaodong , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe exploration of high‐efficiency electrocatalysts is becoming indispensable for the production of H2 from electrochemcial seawater splitting. Herein, a feasible strategy is developed to realize the in situ encapsulation of Ni‐decorated Fe3N into porous N‐doped carbon nanolayer, abbreviated as Nix‐Fe3N@NCPs, by an association of wet‐impregnation treatment and thermal annealing. More concretely, the doping of Ni can initiate the synergistic effect to optimize the internal electronic structure, which strengthen the adsorption of intermediates and interface charge transfer. Meantime, the architecture of NCPs encapsulation nanolayer not only enhances the conductivity and the structural stability, but also effectively prevents Cl− ions transport from poisoning of electrocatalytic active sites. On these grounds, the preferred Ni0.10‐Fe3N@NCPs electrocatalyst delivers the exceptional bifunctional electrocatalytic performance in electrolytic seawater. The corresponding HER and OER overpotentials to attain the current densities of 10, 100, and 500 mA cm−2 are only required 47, 147, and 291 mV as well as 152, 249, and 312 mV, respectively. In addition, the Ni0.10‐Fe3N@NCPs electrocatalysts achieves an ultra‐low voltage of 1.80 V at 500 mA cm−2 with ultralong lifespan of 1200 h in zero‐gap alkaline electrolyzer. This work provides a cutting‐edge scientific research exploration for the development of electrocatalyst for seawater electrolysis.
Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Solar Cells and Sensors Enabled by Extensible Composite Electrodes
Authors: Han Dexia , Zhou Kangkang , Li Xin , Lv Pengfei , Wu Junjiang , Ke Huizhen , Zhao Wenchao , Ye Long 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStretchable electrodes are critical to the development of advanced technologies such as human–machine interaction, flexible sensing, and wearable power supply, making them of significant research value. However, the current preparation methods for high‐performance stretchable electrodes are complex and inefficient, posing challenges for their large‐scale application in the realm of flexible wearables. To address this need, a straightforward and efficient embedding strategy is reported for fabricating stretchable silver nanowire/thermoplastic elastomer composite electrodes (referred to as Strem‐AT) utilizing the viscoelasticity and outstanding mechanical properties of polymer elastomers to achieve outstanding extensibility, conductivity, and a smooth surface. These electrodes exhibit excellent tensile behavior, low surface roughness, and stable electrical properties, enabling their successful integration into stretchable sensors and intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaic cells (IS‐OPV). When applied to human skin joints for motion detection, the sensor demonstrates remarkable stretchability and stable signal output. Importantly, the all‐polymer IS‐OPV exhibits a top‐notch power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >12.5% and a PCE80% strain exceeding 50%. Furthermore, even after subjecting high‐strain stretching at 50% for 1000 cycles, the IS‐OPV can retain 76% of the initial PCE. This study presents a multifunctional stretchable electrode with high repeatability and easy‐to‐scale fabrication in wearable sensors and photovoltaics.
Large Enhancement on Performance of Flexible Cellulose‐Based Piezoelectric Composite Film by Welding CNF and MXene via Growing ZnO to Construct a “Brick‐Rebar‐Mortar” Structure
Authors: Zhu Qingtao , Chen Xianfen , Li Duoduo , Xiao Lei , Chen Junyan , Zhou Lijun , Chen Jiabin , Yuan Quanping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCellulose‐based piezoelectric composites have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their low cost, easy molding, high flexibility, and biocompatibility in the manufacture of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) and sensors. In this work, cellulose nanofibril (CNF)/MXene@ZnO (CM@ZnO) piezoelectric composite films with “brick‐rebar‐mortar” structure are prepared by growing ZnO on the mixed substrate via a high‐efficiency two‐step hydrothermal method. As a hard bridge, ZnO welds CNF and MXene together to construct the “brick‐rebar‐mortar” structure, which greatly improves the piezoelectric performance. Its tensile strength reaches 65.13 ± 3.61 MPa, as well as that the longitudinal piezoelectric constant (d33) attains 14.3 ± 1.3 pC N−1. Under the force of 300 KPa, the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and short‐circuit current (ISC) of CM@ZnO PENG are as high as 17.15 V and 997 nA, respectively. Under the force of 100 KPa, it can charge a 1.0 µF commercial capacitor to 6.07 V in 400 s. The assembled flexible piezoelectric sensor can accurately collect the pressure or vibration signal caused by bending the wrist (0.59 V) with excellent sensitivity. The performance demonstrates the feasibility of its application in wearable smart devices and provides a reference for new cellulose‐based PENGs.
Efficient Deep‐Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes Through Decoupling of Colloidal Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Jang Kyung Yeon , Hwang Shin Young , Woo Seung‐Je , Yoon Eojin , Park Chan‐Yul , Kim Seo Young , Kim Dong‐Hyeok , Kim Hyeree , Park Jinwoo , Sargent Edward H. , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have exceptional color purity but designs that emit deep‐blue color with high efficiency have not been fully achieved and become more difficult in the thin film of confined perovskite colloidal quantum dots (PeQDs) due to particle interaction. Here it is demonstrated that electronic coupling and energy transfer in PeQDs induce redshift in the emission by PeQD film, and consequently hinder deep‐blue emission. To achieve deep‐blue emission by avoiding electronic coupling and energy transfer, a QD‐in‐organic solid solution is introduced to physically separate the QDs in the film. This physical separation of QDs reduces the interaction between them yielding a blueshift of ≈7 nm in the emission spectrum. Moreover, using a hole‐transporting organic molecule with a deep‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (≈6.0 eV) as the organic matrix, the formation of exciplex emission is suppressed. As a result, an unprecedently high maximum external quantum efficiency of 6.2% at 462 nm from QD‐in‐organic solid solution film in PeLEDs is achieved, which satisfies the deep‐blue color coordinates of CIEy < 0.06. This work suggests an important material strategy to deepen blue emission without reducing the particle size to <≈4 nm.
Adaptation of Triboelectric Nanogenerators to the Integrated Energy Storages by a Textured Multi‐Segment Structure
Authors: Sharif Navid , Ghanbari Teymoor , Hosseini Zahra , Shahbazi Kourosh , Mehraban Abbas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐level voltage and extremely low current are the main characteristics of Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs). Despite TENGs, their Integrated Energy Storage (IES) units like supercapacitors and battery units require low‐level voltage and a high amount of current for self‐charging power applications. Using proper materials with higher triboelectric charge density is the most common approach to enhance the output current of TENGs. However, this approach alone does not satisfy the requirement of the integrated energy storage units, in which a relatively low voltage along with a sufficiently high current is needed. Consequently, alternative approaches such as employing a power management circuitry have been proposed. This paper introduces a technique based on the texture of multiple TENGs with identical small surface areas to adapt the TENGs to their IESs, specifically tailored for wearable electronics. Some experiments are conducted to evaluate the merits and limitations of the proposed approach. The experimental and analytical results are thoroughly analyzed to show the capabilities and restrictions of the method.
Phosphine Oxide‐Containing Gold(III) Complexes with Tunable Emission Color and Thermally Enhanced Luminescence Behavior
Authors: Lee Chin‐Ho , Tang Man‐Chung , Leung Ming‐Yi , Cheng Shun‐Cheung , Wong George Yin‐Pok , Cheung Wai‐Lung , Lai Shiu‐Lun , Ko Chi‐Chiu , Chan Mei‐Yee , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA series of phosphine oxide‐containing gold(III) complexes with tunable emission colors spanning from sky‐blue to near‐infrared region is reported. This is accomplished by the switching of the excited state characters from intraligand to ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer through the replacement of the auxiliary ligand from aryl to nitrogen‐based ligands. In addition to high photoluminescence quantum yields in both solution and solid‐state thin films, these complexes exhibit large radiative decay rate constants of the order of 106 s−1, much larger than those commonly found for other gold(III) complexes. The origin of such enhanced performance is believed to be arising from the occurrence of both thermally activated delayed fluorescence and thermally stimulated delayed phosphorescence processes within the emitters. This is probed by ns‐ and fs‐transient absorption spectroscopy, time‐resolved, and temperature‐dependent emission spectroscopy. In particular, the direct observation of the upconversion processes and the determination of the activation barriers are achieved in the variable‐temperature fs‐transient absorption spectroscopic studies. Solution‐processed organic light‐emitting devices with satisfactory external quantum efficiencies of up to 15.2% are achieved, which could be ascribed to the presence of thermally activated delayed fluorescence and/or thermally stimulated delayed phosphorescence processes.