bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aneurysm location and clipping versus coiling for development of secondary normal-pressure hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Japanese Stroke DataBank
Authors: Yamada Shigeki , Ishikawa Masatsune , Yamamoto Kazuo , Ino Tadashi , Kimura Toru , Kobayashi Shotai , _ _ 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
The present study aimed to investigate aneurysm locations and treatments for ruptured cerebral aneurysms associated with secondary normal-pressure hydrocephalus (sNPH) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by using comprehensive data from the Japanese Stroke DataBank.

METHODS
Among 101,165 patients with acute stroke registered between 2000 and 2013, 4693 patients (1482 men, 3211 women) were registered as having had an SAH caused by a ruptured saccular aneurysm. Of them, 1448 patients (438 men and 1010 women; mean age 61.9 ± 13.4 years) who were confirmed to have or not have coexisting acute hydrocephalus and sNPH were included for statistical analyses. Locations of the ruptured aneurysms were subcategorized into 1 of the following 4 groups: middle cerebral artery (MCA; n = 354), anterior communicating artery and anterior cerebral artery (ACA; n = 496), internal carotid artery (ICA; n = 402), and posterior circulation (n = 130). Locations of 66 of the ruptured aneurysms were unknown/unrecorded. Treatments included craniotomy and clipping alone in 1073 patients, endovascular coil embolization alone in 285 patients, and a combination of coiling and clipping in 17 patients. The age-adjusted and multivariate odds ratios from logistic regression analyses were calculated after stratification using the Fisher CT scale to investigate the effects of the hematoma volume of SAH.

RESULTS
Acute hydrocephalus was confirmed in 593 patients, and 521 patients developed sNPH. Patients with a ruptured ACA aneurysm had twice the risk for sNPH over those with a ruptured MCA aneurysm. Those with an ACA aneurysm with Fisher Grade 3 SAH had a 9-fold-higher risk for sNPH than those with an MCA aneurysm with Fisher Grade 1 or 2 SAH. Patients with a ruptured posterior circulation aneurysm did not have any significant risk for sNPH. Clipping of the ruptured aneurysm resulted in twice the risk for sNPH over coil embolization alone.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with low-grade SAH caused by a ruptured MCA aneurysm had a low risk for the development of sNPH. In contrast, patients with high-grade SAH caused by a ruptured ACA aneurysm had a higher risk for sNPH. Endovascular coiling might confer a lower risk of developing sNPH than microsurgical clipping.
Outcomes and factors associated with infant abusive head trauma in the US
Authors: Nuño Miriam , Pelissier Lindsey , Varshneya Kunal , Adamo Matthew A. , Drazin Doniel 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
Head trauma is the leading cause of death in abused children, particularly prior to the age of 2 years. An awareness of factors associated with this condition as well as with a higher risk of mortality is important to improve outcomes and prevent the occurrence of these events. The objective of this study was to evaluate outcomes and factors associated with poor outcomes in infants with diagnosed abusive head trauma (AHT). Patient characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and secondary conditions such as retinal bleeding, contusion, and fractures were considered.

METHODS
Data were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. From the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) sample, the authors identified infants no older than 23 months who had been diagnosed with AHT in 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009. All statistical analyses were conducted in SAS 9.2. Descriptive statistics were provided, and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to evaluate factors associated with mortality and nonroutine discharge.

RESULTS
A total of 5195 infants were analyzed in this study. Most infants (85.5%) had ages ranging between 0 and 11 months and were male (61.6%). Overall mortality was 10.8%, with a rate of 9.8% in the 0- to 11-month-old cohort and 16.5% in the 12- to 23-month-olds (p = 0.0003). The overall nonroutine discharge rate of 25.6% increased significantly from 23.3% to 39.0% with increasing age (0–11 vs 12–23 months of age, p < 0.0001). Assuming a multivariate model that adjusted for multiple confounders, the authors found that older infants (12–23 vs 0–11 months, OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.18–2.77) with a secondary diagnosis of retinal bleeding (OR 2.85, 95% CI 2.02–4.00) or shaken baby syndrome (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.48–2.94) had an increased risk of mortality; these factors were similarly associated with an increased odds of a nonroutine discharge. A higher income ($30,001–$35,000 vs $1–$24,999) was associated with a reduction in the odds of mortality (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.29–0.72). In the subset of cases (1695 [32.6%]) that specified the perpetrator involved in infant injury, the authors found that the father, stepfather, or boyfriend was most frequently reported (67.4%). A trend for a higher AHT incidence was documented in the early ages (peak at 2 months) compared with older ages.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite the higher incidence of AHT among infants during the earlier months of life, higher mortality was documented in the 12- to 23-month-olds. Retinal bleeding and shaken baby syndrome were secondary diagnoses associated with higher mortality and nonroutine discharge. Males (67.4%) were overwhelmingly documented as the perpetrators involved in the injury of these infants.
Use of blood-sparing surgical techniques and transfusion algorithms: association with decreased blood administration in children undergoing primary open craniosynostosis repair
Authors: Nguyen Thanh T. , Hill Sarah , Austin Thomas M. , Whitney Gina M. , Wellons John C. , Lam Humphrey V. 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
Craniofacial reconstruction surgery (CFR) is often associated with significant blood loss, coagulopathy, and perioperative blood transfusion. Due to transfusion risks, many different approaches have been used to decrease allogeneic blood transfusion for these patients during the perioperative period. Protocols have decreased blood administration during the perioperative period for many types of surgeries. The object of this study was to determine if a protocol involving blood-sparing surgical techniques and a transfusion algorithm decreased intraoperative blood transfusion and blood loss.

METHODS
A protocol using transfusion algorithms and implementation of blood-sparing surgical techniques for CFR was implemented at Vanderbilt University on January 1, 2013. Following Institutional Review Board approval, blood loss and transfusion data were gathered retrospectively on all children undergoing primary open CFR, using the protocol, for the calendar year 2013. This postprotocol cohort was compared with a preprotocol cohort, which consisted of all children undergoing primary open CFR during the previous calendar year, 2012.

RESULTS
There were 41 patients in the preprotocol and 39 in the postprotocol cohort. There was no statistical difference between the demographics of the 2 groups. When compared with the preprotocol cohort, intraoperative packed red blood cell transfusion volume decreased from 36.9 ± 21.2 ml/kg to 19.2 ± 10.9 ml/kg (p = 0.0001), whereas fresh-frozen plasma transfusion decreased from 26.8 ± 25.4 ml/kg to 1.5 ± 5.7 ml/kg (p < 0.0001) following implementation of the protocol. Furthermore, estimated blood loss decreased from 64.2 ± 32.4 ml/kg to 52.3 ± 33.3 ml/kg (p = 0.015). Use of fresh-frozen plasma in the postoperative period also decreased when compared with the period before implementation of the protocol. There was no significant difference in morbidity and mortality between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggested that using a multidisciplinary protocol consisting of transfusion algorithms and implementation of blood-sparing surgical techniques during major CFR in pediatric patients is associated with reduced intraoperative administration of blood product, without shifting the transfusion burden to the postoperative period.
Optimizing cerebrovascular surgical and endovascular procedures in children via personalized 3D printing
Authors: Weinstock Peter , Prabhu Sanjay P. , Flynn Katie , Orbach Darren B. , Smith Edward 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
Despite the availability of multiplanar imaging, understanding relational 3D anatomy for complex cerebrovascular lesions can be difficult. A 3D printed model allows for instantaneous visualization of lesional anatomy from all perspectives, with the added ability to simulate operative approaches with tactile feedback. The authors report their experience with customized 3D printed models of pediatric cerebrovascular lesions as an educational and clinical tool for patients, trainees, and physicians.

METHODS
Via an “in-house” 3D print service, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) studies of pediatric patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were processed with specialized software, and regions of interest were selected by the surgical/endovascular team. Multiple models for each patient were then printed on a 3D printer, with each construct designed to illustrate different aspects of the specific lesion. Intraoperative validation of model fidelity was performed using perioperative imaging, surgical filming, and post hoc analysis of models with intraoperative photography.

RESULTS
Four cases involving pediatric patients (ages 0–16 years) were studied for initial proof of principle. Three of the patients had AVMs and one had a vein of Galen malformation (VOGM). The VOGM was embolized successfully and the AVMs were resected without complication. In the AVM cases, intraprocedural imaging and photography were performed and verified millimeter-level fidelity of the models (n = 5, 98% concordance, range 94%–100% with average of < 2 mm variation in the largest AVM [6-cm diameter]). The use of 3D models was associated with a 30-minute reduction in operative time (12%) in 2 cases when they were compared with matched controls as a feasibility study.

CONCLUSIONS
Patient-specific 3D printed models of pediatric cerebrovascular conditions can be constructed with high fidelity. This proof-of-principle series demonstrates, for the first time, confirmation of model accuracy using intraprocedural assessment and potential benefit through shortened operative time.
Tree Diversity and Dynamics of the Forest of Seu Nico, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Gastauer Markus , Leyh Werner , Meira-Neto João 
Published: July 2015

To understand future changes in community composition due to global changes, the knowledge about forest community dynamics is of crucial importance. To improve our understanding about processes and patterns involved in maintaining species rich Neotropical ecosystems, we provide here a dataset from the one hectare Forest of Seu Nico (FSN) Dynamics Plot from Southeastern Brazil.
We report diameter at breast height, basal area and height measurements of 2868 trees and treelets identified from two census spanning over a nine-year period. Furthermore, soil properties and understory light availability of all 100 10 x 10m subplots from the one hectare FSN Dynamics Plot during the second census are given.
Resolving Bottlenecks: Converting Three High-Enrollment Nursing Courses to an Online Format
Authors: Chen Ken-Zen , Anderson Jeff , Hannah Elizabeth Lyon , Bauer Christine , Provant-Robishaw Corinna 
Published: July 2015

Background:
Converting large undergraduate classes from the classroom to online has been an effective way to increase enrollments in high-demand courses in undergraduate education. However, challenges exist to maintaining students’ high-quality learning interaction and engagement in large online courses. This article presents a collaborative model between faculty in health sciences and instructional designers to redesign and redevelop three high-enrollment courses to online at Boise State University.

Method:
Health studies course faculty and eCampus instructional designers conducted this study to reflect the collaborative online course development process at Boise State.

Results:
The offering of high-enrollment nursing courses met enrollment demand and maintained student retention. Challenges related to instruction were addressed by using a careful course redesign process and continuous improvement.

Conclusion:

Implications of this educational innovation for health science educators, instructional designers, and lessons learned are provided. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2015;54(7):404–408.
Preceptorship and the Nurse Practitioner Student: Navigating the Liminal Space
Authors: Billay Diane , Myrick Florence , Yonge Olive 
Published: July 2015

Background:
The purpose of this study was to explore the process occurring in preceptorship to prepare nurse practitioner students for their future role in professional practice. The researchers examined this process through the eyes of the preceptors, nurse practitioner students, and faculty.

Method:
A grounded theory method was used to explore the process involved in preceptorship to prepare nurse practitioner students in the clinical setting.

Results:
The process of navigating the liminal space emerged from the data to explain what actually was occurring throughout the nurse practitioner student preceptorship. This process was reflected on three levels: (a) positioning in preceptorship, (b) repositioning on the threshold of nurse practitioner, and (c) embracing the new nurse practitioner role.

Conclusion:

As the data emerged, the researchers uncovered a multidimensional process that was occurring in preceptorship. This process was identified as navigating the liminal space. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(8):430–437.]
Using Simulation to Promote Professional Development of Clinical Instructors
Authors: Hunt Caralise W. , Curtis Amy M. , Gore Teresa 
Published: July 2015

Background:
Clinical instructors play an important role in the education of nursing students. Nursing faculty must provide orientation and support for clinical instructors to ensure quality clinical experiences for students. Simulation can be used as a teaching strategy to prepare clinical instructors for clinical teaching. The purpose of this article is to describe the use of simulation to prepare clinical instructors in the role of teaching and increase confidence to provide clinical education to students.

Method:
Clinical instructors attended an orientation program that included simulation. During the simulation, nursing student volunteers role-played situations that required instructors to intervene for patient safety. Following the simulation, clinical instructors completed an online survey to measure confidence in teaching students.

Results:
Twenty-six clinical instructors participated in the simulation with student volunteers and completed the survey.

Conclusion:

Clinical instructors thought the simulation prepared them for clinical teaching, increased their confidence, and assisted them to provide student feedback. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(8):468–471.]
Annual Survival Rate Estimate of Satellite Transmitter–Marked Eastern Population Greater Sandhill Cranes
Authors: Fronczak David L. , Andersen David E. , Hanna Everett E. , Cooper Thomas R. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Several surveys have documented the increasing population size and geographic distribution of Eastern Population greater sandhill cranes Grus canadensis tabida since the 1960s. Sport hunting of this population of sandhill cranes started in 2012 following the provisions of the Eastern Population Sandhill Crane Management Plan. However, there are currently no published estimates of Eastern Population sandhill crane survival rate that can be used to inform harvest management. As part of two studies of Eastern Population sandhill crane migration, we deployed solar-powered global positioning system platform transmitting terminals on Eastern Population sandhill cranes (n  =  42) at key concentration areas from 2009 to 2012. We estimated an annual survival rate for Eastern Population sandhill cranes from data resulting from monitoring these cranes by using the known-fates model in the MARK program. Estimated annual survival rate for adult Eastern Population sandhill cranes was 0.950 (95% confidence interval  =  0.885–0.979) during December 2009–August 2014. All fatalities (n  =  5) occurred after spring migration in late spring and early summer. We were unable to determine cause of death for crane fatalities in our study. Our survival rate estimate will be useful when combined with other population parameters such as the population index derived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service fall survey, harvest, and recruitment rates to assess the effects of harvest on population size and trend and evaluate the effectiveness of management strategies.
B Cell–Intrinsic IDO1 Regulates Humoral Immunity to T Cell–Independent Antigens
Authors: Shinde Rahul , Shimoda Michiko , Chaudhary Kapil , Liu Haiyun , Mohamed Eslam , Bradley Jillian , Kandala Sridhar , Li Xia , Liu Kebin , McGaha Tracy L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Humoral responses to nonproteinaceous Ags (i.e., T cell independent [TI]) are a key component of the early response to bacterial and viral infection and a critical driver of systemic autoimmunity. However, mechanisms that regulate TI humoral immunity are poorly defined. In this study, we report that B cell–intrinsic induction of the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme IDO1 is a key mechanism limiting TI Ab responses. When Ido1−/− mice were immunized with TI Ags, there was a significant increase in Ab titers and formation of extrafollicular Ab-secreting cells compared with controls. This effect was specific to TI Ags, as Ido1 disruption did not affect Ig production after immunization with protein Ags. The effect of IDO1 abrogation was confined to the B cell compartment, as adoptive transfer of Ido1−/− B cells to B cell–deficient mice was sufficient to replicate increased TI responses observed in Ido1−/− mice. Moreover, in vitro activation with TLR ligands or BCR crosslinking rapidly induced Ido1 expression and activity in purified B cells, and Ido1−/− B cells displayed enhanced proliferation and cell survival associated with increased Ig and cytokine production compared with wild-type B cells. Thus, our results demonstrate a novel, B cell–intrinsic, role for IDO1 as a regulator of humoral immunity that has implications for both vaccine design and prevention of autoimmunity.
The Impact of the Delegation of Authority on Employees' Performance at Great Irbid Municipality: Case Study
Authors: Al-Jammal Hamdan Rasheed , Al-Khasawneh Akif Lutfi , Hamadat Mohammad Hasan 
Published: July 2015

The study aimed at identifying the impact of the delegation of authority on employees' performance at great Irbid municipality. It has constructed on measuring the impact of delegation on efficiency, effectiveness and empowerment. Sample of the study represented by employees in which they are embedded in central and executive management through a random sampling reached to (200) employees from total (1500). The sample was used as a tool for achieving the results. After applying Alpha measurement, it has been shown that validity was (82%). Means, standard deviation, percentages, (T-test), and Cronbach Alpha test were used and applied.The results of the study have shown that there is a statically significant for delegation of authority on efficiency, effectiveness and empowerment of employees' performance at great Irbid municipality. The study has recommended in the need to activating administrative delegation authority of employees in Great Irbid Municipality (GIM). Also, increase the level of delegation to be corresponded with the value of tasks in order to promote functional performance. Moreover, improving administrative delegation of authority in which effect on employees' satisfaction, employees' empowerment to implement tasks individually without asking high management. This method will save time and effort. It will also offer service for customers rapidly and directly.
‘Cell junctions of oral mucosa’- in a nutshell
Authors: Ganjare Anjali , Bagul Neeta , Kathariya Rahul , Oberoi Jyoti 
Published: July 2015

Junctional complexes are specialized contacts between neighboring cells and between cells and the extracellular matrix. They play an important role in embryogenesis, growth and development, as well as being the cause of pathologies. These contacts lead to a number of different interactions that have a profound effect on cellular biology. Cell junctions are best visualized using conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, which reveals the interacting plasma membranes are highly specialized in these regions.
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are proteins responsible for homophillic and heterophillic adhesions. They consist of various groups, including cadherins, selectins and intergrins and they facilitate cell adhesion, cell signaling, and motility. Dysregulation of these molecules can lead to various pathologies, for example mucocutaneous diseases and invasion of cancer. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of cell junctions and related diseases.
The Place of ψυχή in Plato’sCrito
Authors: Libersohn Yosef Z. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article discusses the absence of the word ψυχή (“soul”) in Plato’s Crito. Socrates demonstrably intends its omission, especially at 47a12–48a10, where it would be otherwise expected. The absence of ψυχή is part of a crucial strategy whereby Socrates uses Crito’s own distinctions in an attempt to make the latter understand that smuggling Socrates out of jail is not only against the law (τὸ ἄδικον) but also an act against people (τὸ ἀδικεῖν). Only when this attempt fails to deter Crito (48a4) does Socrates turn to a different strategy, the end of which comprises the famous speech of the Laws.
Meidias Tyrannos: Meidias’ Tyrannical Attributes in Demosthenes 21
Authors: Hendren T. George 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe venom with which Demosthenes lambasts Meidias suits both the circumstance of their violent private quarrel as well as the contemporary political climate of the Mediterranean world. This article will reevaluate Demonsthenes’ vitriol in his Against Meidias to show that the characterization of his opponent plays off Athenian fears specific to tyrannical overthrow. I argue that Demosthenes spins his chief criticisms of Meidias into tyrannical attributes similar to those with which he attacked Philip. Demosthenes’ use of literary tyranny calls into question the reliability of the speech as a source for historical analysis of Athenian hubris.