bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact factor of a journal is a poor measure of the clinical relevance of its papers
Authors: Kodumuri P. , Ollivere B. , Holley J. , Moran C. G. 
Published: March 2014

We evaluated the top 13 journals in trauma and orthopaedics by impact factor and looked at the longer-term effect regarding citations of their papers. All 4951 papers published in these journals during 2007 and 2008 were reviewed and categorised by their type, subspecialty and super-specialty. All citations indexed through Google Scholar were reviewed to establish the rate of citation per paper at two, four and five years post-publication. The top five journals published a total of 1986 papers. Only three (0.15%) were on operative orthopaedic surgery and none were on trauma. Most (n = 1084, 54.5%) were about experimental basic science. Surgical papers had a lower rate of citation (2.18) at two years than basic science or clinical medical papers (4.68). However, by four years the rates were similar (26.57 for surgery, 30.35 for basic science/medical), which suggests that there is a considerable time lag before clinical surgical research has an impact. We conclude that high impact journals do not address clinical research in surgery and when they do, there is a delay before such papers are cited. We suggest that a rate of citation at five years post-publication might be a more appropriate indicator of importance for papers in our specialty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:414–19.
Five- to ten-year outcome following medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy with rigid plate fixation in combination with an artificial bone substitute
Authors: Saito T. , Kumagai K. , Akamatsu Y. , Kobayashi H. , Kusayama Y. 
Published: March 2014

Between 2003 and 2007, 99 knees in 77 patients underwent opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. We evaluated the effect of initial stable fixation combined with an artificial bone substitute on the mid- to long-term outcome after medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for medial compartmental osteoarthritis or spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee in 78 knees in 64 patients available for review at a minimum of five years (mean age 68 years; 49 to 82). The mean follow-up was 6.5 years (5 to 10). The mean Knee Society knee score and function score improved from 49.6 (sd 11.4, 26 to 72) and 56.6 (sd 15.6, 5 to 100) before surgery to 88.1 (sd 12.5, 14 to 100) and 89.4 (sd 15.6, 5 to 100) at final follow-up (p < 0.001) respectively. There were no significant differences between patients aged ≥ 70 and < 70 years. The mean standing femorotibial angle was corrected significantly from 181.7° (sd 2.7°, 175° to 185°) pre-operatively to 169.7° (sd 2.4°, 164° to 175°) at one year’s follow-up (p < 0.001) and 169.6° (sd 3.0°, 157° to 179°) at the final follow-up (p = 0.69 vs one year).Opening-wedge HTO using a stable plate fixation system combined with a bone substitute is a reliable procedure that provides excellent results. Although this treatment might seem challenging for older patients, our results strongly suggest that the results are equally good.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:339–44.
Is there any benefit in pre-operative urinary analysis before elective total joint replacement?
Authors: Bouvet C. , Lübbeke A. , Bandi C. , Pagani L. , Stern R. , Hoffmeyer P. , Uçkay I. 
Published: March 2014

Whether patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria should be investigated and treated before elective hip and knee replacement is controversial, although it is a widespread practice. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study with urine analyses before surgery and three days post-operatively. Patients with symptomatic urinary infections or an indwelling catheter were excluded. Post-discharge surveillance included questionnaires to patients and general practitioners at three months. Among 510 patients (309 women and 201 men), with a median age of 69 years (16 to 97) undergoing lower limb joint replacements (290 hips and 220 knees), 182 (36%) had pre-operative asymptomatic bacteriuria, mostly due to Escherichia coli, and 181 (35%) had white cells in the urine. Most patients (95%) received a single intravenous peri-operative dose (1.5 g) of cefuroxime as prophylaxis. On the third post-operative day urinary analysis identified white cells in 99 samples (19%) and bacteriuria in 208 (41%). Pathogens in the cultures on the third post-operative day were different from those in the pre-operative samples in 260 patients (51%). Only 25 patients (5%) developed a symptomatic urinary infection during their stay or in a subsequent three-month follow-up period, and two thirds of organisms identified were unrelated to those found during the admission. All symptomatic infections were successfully treated with oral antibiotics with no perceived effect on the joint replacement.We conclude that testing and treating asymptomatic urinary tract colonisation before joint replacement is unnecessary.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:390–4.
Recent insights into the identity of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Murray I. R. , Corselli M. , Petrigliano F. A. , Soo C. , Péault B. 
Published: March 2014

The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate in vitro into chondrocytes, osteocytes and myocytes holds great promise for tissue engineering. Skeletal defects are emerging as key targets for treatment using MSCs due to the high responsiveness of bone to interventions in animal models. Interest in MSCs has further expanded in recognition of their ability to release growth factors and to adjust immune responses. Despite their increasing application in clinical trials, the origin and role of MSCs in the development, repair and regeneration of organs have remained unclear. Until recently, MSCs could only be isolated in a process that requires culture in a laboratory; these cells were being used for tissue engineering without understanding their native location and function. MSCs isolated in this indirect way have been used in clinical trials and remain the reference standard cellular substrate for musculoskeletal engineering. The therapeutic use of autologous MSCs is currently limited by the need for ex vivo expansion and by heterogeneity within MSC preparations. The recent discovery that the walls of blood vessels harbour native precursors of MSCs has led to their prospective identification and isolation. MSCs may therefore now be purified from dispensable tissues such as lipo-aspirate and returned for clinical use in sufficient quantity, negating the requirement for ex vivo expansion and a second surgical procedure. In this annotation we provide an update on the recent developments in the understanding of the identity of MSCs within tissues and outline how this may affect their use in orthopaedic surgery in the future. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:291–8.
Development of a patient-reported outcome measure of activity and participation (the OKS-APQ) to supplement the Oxford knee score
Authors: Dawson J. , Beard D. J. , McKibbin H. , Harris K. , Jenkinson C. , Price A. J. 
Published: March 2014

The primary aim of this study was to develop a patient-reported Activity & Participation Questionnaire (the OKS-APQ) to supplement the Oxford knee score, in order to assess higher levels of activity and participation. The generation of items for the questionnaire involved interviews with 26 patients. Psychometric analysis (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis) guided the reduction of items and the generation of a scale within a prospective study of 122 relatively young patients (mean age 61.5 years (42 to 71)) prior to knee replacement. A total of 99, completed pre-operative and six month post-operative assessments (new items, OKS, Short-Form 36 and American Knee Society Score).The eight-item OKS-APQ scale is unidimensional, reliable (Cronbach’s alpha 0.85; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.79; or 0.92 when one outlier was excluded), valid (r > 0.5 with related scales) and responsive (effect size 4.16).We recommend that it is used with the OKS with adults of all ages when further detail regarding the levels of activity and participation of a patient is required.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:332–8.
Student perspectives on self-directed learning
Authors: Douglass Carolinda , Morris Sherrill R. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract: Undergraduate student perspectives regarding specific factors associated with self-directed learning were collected through eight focus groups. A total of 80 upperclassmen provided input revealing three emergent themes in the focus groups responses: (1) Student-Controlled, (2) Faculty-Controlled, and (3) Administration-Controlled Facilitators and Barriers to promoting self-directed learning. Students acknowledged much of their learning was within their control. However, they did note that faculty and administrators have a significant impact on their desire and ability to learn. In an effort to empower students to direct their own learning processes the results of this study have been integrated into campus assessment initiatives including the development of a student organization to provide a consistent, student-led forum for students to voice their opinions and concerns about their learning processes and assessment.
The Impact of Integrated Student Experiences on Learning
Authors: Wingert Jason R , Wasileski Sally A , Peterson Karin , Greden Mathews Leah , Lanou Amy Joy , Clarke David 
Published: March 2014

In a cluster of courses called Food for Thought, seven faculty from different departments (including Biology, Economics, Sociology, Chemistry, Health and Wellness, and Foreign Language) teach students about food information, food consumerism, nutrition and health. The classes all have a shared learning outcome focused on developing the student as an informed consumer of food. Each semester, faculty teach a food-related course from their respective disciplinary perspective while also incorporating cross-course interactions that allow for both integration of disciplinary knowledge and student-to-student learning opportunities. Previous research demonstrated that this approach leads to student perceptions of learning gains (Authors, 2011). Building on that work, this research directly assesses student learning in the Food for Thought cluster. The results demonstrate that exposure to multiple disciplines covering a shared topic enhances learning through greater student ability to integrate diverse forms of knowledge and to see an issue from multiple perspectives. These findings demonstrate the value of multidisciplinary learning opportunities for students.
3D PET image reconstruction based on the maximum likelihood estimation method (MLEM) algorithm
Authors: Słomski Artur , Rudy Zbigniew , Bednarski Tomasz , Białas Piotr , Czerwiński Eryk , Kapłon Łukasz , Kochanowski Andrzej , Korcyl Grzegorz , Kowal Jakub , Kowalski Paweł , Kozik Tomasz , Krzemień Wojciech , Molenda Marcin , Moskal Paweł , Niedźwiecki Szymon , Pałka Marek , Pawlik Monika , Raczyński Lech , Salabura Piotr , Gupta-Sharma Neha , Silarski Michał , Smyrski Jerzy , Strzelecki Adam , Wiślicki Wojciech , Zieliński Marcin , Zoń Natalia 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A positron emission tomography (PET) scan does not measure an image directly. Instead, a PET scan measures a sinogram at the boundary of the field-of-view that consists of measurements of the sums of all the counts along the lines connecting the two detectors. Because there is a multitude of detectors built in a typical PET structure, there are many possible detector pairs that pertain to the measurement. The problem is how to turn this measurement into an image (this is called imaging). Significant improvement in PET image quality was achieved with the introduction of iterative reconstruction techniques. This was realized approximately 20 years ago (with the advent of new powerful computing processors). However, three-dimensional imaging still remains a challenge. The purpose of the image reconstruction algorithm is to process this imperfect count data for a large number (many millions) of lines of response and millions of detected photons to produce an image showing the distribution of the labeled molecules in space.
Calibration of photomultipliers gain used in the J-PET detector
Authors: Bednarski Tomasz , Czerwiński Eryk , Moskal Paweł , Białas Piotr , Giergiel Krzysztof , Kapłon Łukasz , Kochanowski Andrzej , Korcyl Grzegorz , Kowal Jakub , Kowalski Paweł , Kozik Tomasz , Krzemień Wojciech , Molenda Marcin , Moskal Ines , Niedźwiecki Szymon , Pałka Marek , Pawlik Monika , Raczyński Lech , Rudy Zbigniew , Salabura Piotr , Sharma Neha Gupta , Silarski Michał , Słomski Artur , Smyrski Jerzy , Strzelecki Adam , Szymański Konrad Jan , Wiślicki Wojciech , Witkowski Piotr , Zieliński Marcin , Zoń Natalia 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Photomultipliers are commonly used in commercial PET scanner as devices that convert light produced in scintillator by gamma quanta from positron-electron annihilation into electrical signal. For proper analysis of obtained electrical signal, a photomultiplier gain curve must be known, since gain can be significantly different even between photomultipliers of the same model. In this article, we describe single photoelectron method used for photomultiplier calibration applied for J-PET scanner, a novel PET detector being developed at Jagiellonian University. A description of calibration method, an example of calibration curve, and a gain of few Hamamatsu R4998 photomultipliers are presented.
A new green approach to Fenton’s chemistry using tea dregs and coffee grounds as raw material
Authors: Morikawa Claudio Kendi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Fenton’s chemistry has long been useful in industry because of the power of hydrogen peroxide (HP), in the presence of ferrous iron (Fe2+), to produce a highly reactive free radical species capable of oxidizing aqueous materials. However, its application has been limited due to the rapid oxidation of ferrous iron. The rapid oxidation of ferrous iron limits the production of free radicals necessary for a powerful reaction. We developed two ‘green’ iron catalysts using used tea leaves (tea dregs) or coffee grounds as raw material. The new ‘green’ iron catalysts contained iron in a reductive stable status for a Fenton catalyst. The study showed that the developed ‘green’ iron catalysts can be used as iron fertilizer and for the Fenton’s reaction on the degradation of methylene blue (MB), and in the disinfection of Escherichia coli. The tea and coffee polyphenols were estimated to be responsible for the reductive stable state of the iron in the developed catalysts, due to their reducing power and chelating iron ability. The developed new ‘green’ iron catalysts are expected to diffuse in wide fields such as food, medicine, public health, agriculture, the environment, etc.
Integration of stress signals by homeodomain interacting protein kinases
Authors: Schmitz Michael Lienhard , Rodriguez-Gil Alfonso , Hornung Juliane 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The family of homeodomain interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) consists of four related kinases, HIPK1 to HIPK4. These serine/threonine kinases are evolutionary conserved and derive from the yeast kinase Yak1. The largest group of HIPK phosphorylation substrates is represented by transcription factors and chromatin-associated regulators of gene expression, thus transferring HIPK-derived signals into changes of gene expression programs. The HIPKs mainly function as regulators of developmental processes and as integrators of a wide variety of stress signals. A number of conditions representing precarious situations, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, reactive oxygen intermediates and metabolic stress affect the function of HIPKs. The kinases function as integrators for these stress signals and feed them into many different downstream effector pathways that serve to cope with these precarious situations. HIPKs do not function as essential core components in the different stress signaling pathways, but rather serve as modulators of signal output and as connectors of different stress signaling pathways. Their central role as signaling hubs with the ability to shape many downstream effector pathways frequently implies them in proliferative diseases such as cancer or fibrosis.
Defect Driven Emission from ZnO Nano Rods Synthesized by Fast Microwave Irradiation Method for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Singh Nagendra Pratap , Shivashankar S.A. , Pratap Rudra 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBecause of its large direct band gap of 3.37 eV and high exciton binding energy (∼60 meV), which can lead to efficient excitonic emission at room temperature and above, ZnO nanostructures in the würtzite polymorph are an ideal choice for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Some of the important parameters in this regard are free carrier concentration, doping compensation, minority carrier lifetime, and luminescence efficiency, which are directly or indirectly related to the defects that, in turn, depend on the method of synthesis. We report the synthesis of undoped ZnO nanorods through microwave irradiation of an aqueous solution of zinc acetate dehydrate [Zn(CH3COO)2. 2H2O] and KOH, with zinc acetate dihydrate acting as both the precursor to ZnO and as a self-capping agent. Upon exposure of the solution to microwaves in a domestic oven, ZnO nanorods 1.5 µm -3 µm and 80 nm in diameter are formed in minutes. The ZnO structures have been characterised in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), selective area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution scanning and transmission microscopy, which reveal that each nanorod is single-crystalline. Optical characteristics of the nanorods were investigated through photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL). These measurements reveal that defect state-induced emission is prominent, with a broad greenish yellow emission. CL measurements made on a number of individual nanorods at different accelerating voltages for the electrons show CL intensity increases with increasing accelerating voltage. A red shift is observed in the CL spectra as the accelerating voltage is raised, implying that emission due to oxygen vacancies dominates under these conditions and that interstitial sites can be controlled with the accelerating voltage of the electron beam. Time-resolved fluorescence (TRFL) measurements yield a life time (τ) of 9.9 picoseconds, indicating that ZnO nanorods synthesized by the present process are excellent candidates for optoelectronic devices.
Quantification of Axonal Outgrowth on a Surface with Asymmetric Topography
Authors: Spedden Elise , Staii Cristian 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTTopographical features are known to influence the axonal outgrowth of neurons. Understanding what kinds of topographical features are most effective at growth cone guidance and how outgrowth responds to these structures is of great importance to the study of nerve regeneration. To this end we analyze axonal outgrowth on tilted nanorod substrates which have been shown to impart directional bias to neuron growth. We utilize the Atomic Force Microscope to characterize the surface features present on these substrates and how such features are influencing the axonal outgrowth. Additionally, using a model which considers the neuronal growth cone as an object influenced by an effective potential we determine an effective force imparted on the growth cone by the surface topography.
Cu2ZnSnS4thin film solar cell fabricated by magnetron sputtering and sulfurization
Authors: Chen Jian , Yan Chang , Li Wei , Song Ning , Liu Fangyang , Huang Shujuan , Hao Xiaojing , Green Martin A. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work, sulfurizing metal precursors prepared by magnetron sputtering was applied in Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) thin film fabrication. Three precursor structures, namely substrate/ Zn/(Cu&Sn), substrate/Zn/Cu/Sn/Cu and substrate/Zn/Sn/Cu, were compared for their synthesized CZTS film quality. It is notable that CZTS film made of the precursor structure of substrate/Zn/(Cu&Sn) has the best film quality with no obvious voids and biggest average grain size. When applying this precursor structure into device fabrication, a working CZTS device with an efficiency of 2.26% was made. The impact of metal precursors on the structural property of CZTS film were characterised by SEM, XRD, Raman and TEM. Thick MoS2interfacial layer (∼200nm) between absorber and back Mo contact and ZnS formed in the front and back absorber regions are the possible reasons limiting short-circuit current and fill factor of the cell.
The Role of Screening Audiometry in the Management of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children with Cleft Palate in Northern Ireland
Authors: Eastwood Mary P. , Hoo Koh H. , Adams David , Hill Christopher 
Published: March 2014

Objective To determine uptake and outcome of hearing screening in the cleft palate population in Northern Ireland (NI) and the rate of ventilation tube (VT) insertion over a 3-year period. Design In NI, hearing screening is offered in the neonatal period, at 9 months in the community, and at 2.5 years in the joint cleft clinic. Patients Eighty-five children with cleft palate born between 2006 and 2008 in NI were eligible for all three screenings. Methods A retrospective case note review was performed of tympanograms, audiometry, and VT insertion rates at each of the three time points. Results In the neonatal period, all patients eligible were screened; 66 (77.6%) patients passed the screening, with 19 patients (22.4%) failing, resulting in direct referral to ENT for consideration of VT. Results of the 9-month community screening were not made routinely available to the regional cleft service. At the 2.5-year clinic screening, all attending patients (n = 80) had documented screening. Fifty-two (65%) patients passed screening, with 28 patients (35%) failing screening. Forty-six patients (57.5%) had documented VT, and 9 (11.25%) were awaiting ENT review for consideration of VT. Conclusion Ventilation tubes are not routinely inserted at the time of cleft repair in the NI population, and 57.5% of our cleft population has ventilation tubes inserted by 2.5 years. Cleft patients in NI have regular routine hearing assessments, and our current practice avoids universal ventilation tube insertion while identifying those who need further hearing management. Further research is needed to reach an international consensus on the insertion of VT in cleft patients.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease, High-Dose Steroids, Osteoporosis, or an Oncological Etiology for a Pathological Femoral Neck Fracture in a Young
Adult: A Case Report
Authors: Raudenbush Brandon , Walton Ian , Simela Ashley , Retino Michael 
Published: March 2014

Femoral neck fractures occur in approximately 6,000 of young adults annually (ages 18-49) (1). Of these, a
high-energy traumatic event is the typical cause. Although medications and chronic diseases have been implicated as
confounding causes of hip fractures, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for an oncologic etiology of hip
fractures occurring in young patients without an inciting traumatic event.

Study Design:
A case report and literature search in the English language.