bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining field phenological observations with distribution data to model the potential distribution of the fruit flyCeratitis rosaKarsch (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: de Villiers M. , Hattingh V. , Kriticos D.J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDespite the potential for phenological and abundance data to improve the reliability of species niche models, they are seldom used. The aim of this study was to combine information on the distribution, relative abundance and seasonal phenology of Natal fruit fly,Ceratitis rosaKarsch (Diptera: Tephritidae), in South Africa to model its potential global distribution. Bucket traps, baited with Biolure, were used to trapC. rosain different climatic regions of South Africa over a two-year period. A CLIMEX niche model of the potential global distribution ofC. rosawas fitted using the collected trapping data and other distribution records from South Africa. Independent distribution records for elsewhere in Africa were reserved for model validation. The CLIMEX model results conformed well to the South African trapping data, including information on relative abundance and seasonal phenology, as well as to the pattern of presence records of the species elsewhere in Africa. The model suggests that under recent historical conditions a large part of South America, Central America, Mexico and southern USA may be climatically suitable for establishment ofC. rosa. In Europe, climatically suitable habitat is restricted to coastal regions of the Mediterranean, in Asia, mostly to the southern and south eastern countries, and in Australia mostly to the wetter south and east. The independent cross-validation provided by South African relative abundance and seasonal phenology data, central African distribution data and relevant species specific biological information provides greater confidence in the modelled potential distribution ofC. rosa.
Calcium and phosphorus utilization in growing sheep supplemented with dicalcium phosphate
Authors: DIAS R. S. , LÓPEZ S. , PATIÑO R. M. , SILVA T. S. , SILVA FILHO J. C. , VITTI D. M. S. S. , PEÇANHA M. R. S. R. , KEBREAB E. , FRANCE J. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYThe objective of the current study was to evaluate the utilization of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in growing sheep consuming increasing amounts of dicalcium phosphate. Eighteen growing sheep, aged 8 months, were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 12·5 and 25 g of dicalcium phosphate/day. During the experiment, animals were injected intravenously with 7·4 MBq of45Ca and32P and samples of plasma, faeces and urine were subsequently taken daily for 1 week after injection. Rumen fluid was sampled on days 4–7 after injection. Specific radioactivity in plasma and in faeces were used to determine true absorption of Ca and P, whereas plasmatic and ruminal specific radio-activities were used to determine endogenous P flow into the rumen and turnover time of rumen P. Increasing dicalcium phosphate intake led to linear increases in faecal excretion of endogenous Ca and P (P<0·05), suggesting that surpluses of ingested Ca and P were voided through secretion to the gut. True absorption coefficients for 0, 12·5 and 25 g of dicalcium phosphate ingested daily were 0·54, 0·41 and 0·38 for Ca, and 0·66, 0·62 and 0·64 for P, respectively. Flows of endogenous P into the rumen increased linearly and ruminal turnover time of P decreased linearly (P<0·01) as P intake was increased. Concentrations of Ca and P in bone were not affected by the increased amounts of these minerals ingested (P<0·05). In conclusion, increasing ingestion of dicalcium phosphate increases faecal excretion of Ca and P, thus decreasing the efficiency of utilization of both minerals. Moreover, increasing levels of dietary P increased endogenous P excretion, contributing to the amount of P disposed of in the environment.
Ear presentation of Lyme borreliosis in a child
Authors: Keh S M , Vestey J P , HO-Yen D , Cain A J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective:This case report aims to raise awareness amongst clinicians of ear presentation of cutaneous borrelia.Case report:We report a recent case of borrelia lymphocytoma cutis benigna in a child presenting with unilateral earlobe swelling, who was otherwise well. A review of the English language literature, including management of the disease, is also presented.Conclusion:This case highlights the fact that borrelia lymphocytoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a persistent, unilateral, inflamed, swollen earlobe in an otherwise healthy child.
The population impact of common mental disorders and long-term physical conditions on disability and hospital admission
Authors: Weich S. , Bebbington P. , Rai D. , Stranges S. , McBride O. , Spiers N. , Meltzer H. , Brugha T. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundLong-term physical conditions (LTCs) consume the largest share of healthcare budgets. Although common mental disorders (CMDs) and LTCs often co-occur, the potential impact of improved mental health treatment on severe disability and hospital admissions for physical health problems remains unknown.MethodA cross-sectional study of 7403 adults aged 16–95 years living in private households in England was performed. LTCs were ascertained by prompted self-report. CMDs were ascertained by structured clinical interview. Disability was assessed using questions about problems with activities of daily living. Population impact and potential preventive gain were estimated using population-attributable fraction (PAF), and conservative estimates were obtained using ‘treated non-cases’ as the reference group.ResultsOf the respondents, 20.7% reported at least one LTC. The prevalence of CMDs increased with the number of LTCs, but over two-thirds (71.2%) of CMD cases in people with LTCs were untreated. Statistically significant PAFs were found for CMDs and recent hospital admission [13.5%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 6.6–20.0] and severe disability (31.3%, 95% CI 27.1–35.2) after adjusting for LTCs and other confounders. Only the latter remained significant when using the most conservative estimate of PAF (21.8%, 95% CI 14.0–28.9), and this was reduced only slightly when considering only participants with LTCs (18.5%, 95% CI 7.9–27.9).ConclusionsBetter treatments for CMDs in people with LTCs could achieve almost the same population health gain in terms of reducing severe disability as those targeted at the entire population. Interventions to reduce the prevalence of CMDs among people with LTCs should be part of routine medical care.
Minimality, transitivity, mixing and topological entropy on spaces with a free interval
Authors: DIRBÁK MATÚŠ , SNOHA ĽUBOMÍR , ŠPITALSKÝ VLADIMÍR 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe study dynamics of continuous maps on compact metrizable spaces containing a free interval (i.e. an open subset homeomorphic to an open interval). Special attention is paid to relationships between topological transitivity, weak and strong topological mixing, dense periodicity and topological entropy as well as to the topological structure of minimal sets. In particular, a trichotomy for minimal sets and a dichotomy for transitive maps are proved.
Preclinical evaluation of non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonists in comparison to atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia
Authors: Brown Jordan W. , Whitehead Caroline A. , Basso Ana M. , Rueter Lynne E. , Zhang Min 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia (CDS) are implicated as a core symptom cluster of the disease and are associated with poor daily life functioning. Unfortunately, current antipsychotic agents provide little alleviation of CDS, representing a critical unmet therapeutic need. Here we investigated the effects of ABT-239 and A-431404, non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists, in animal models with relevance to CDS. As N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction is considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, acute administration of ketamine or MK-801 was used to induce cognitive impairments. The assays employed in the current studies were spontaneous alternation in cross-maze, used as an indication of working memory, and inhibitory avoidance (IA), used to assess long-term memory retention. Risperidone and olanzapine were also tested to directly compare the effects of H3R antagonists to two widely used antipsychotics. ABT-239 and A-431404, but not risperidone and olanzapine, attenuated ketamine-induced deficits on spontaneous alternation in cross-maze, while none of these compounds affected alternation performance on their own. ABT-239 and A-431404 also attenuated MK-801-induced impairments in IA; no effects were observed when given alone. Risperidone and olanzapine, however, failed to attenuate MK-801-induced deficits in IA and produced dose-dependent impairments when given alone. ABT-239 was also investigated in methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) treated rats, a neurodevelopmental model for schizophrenia. Chronic, but not acute, treatment with ABT-239 significantly improved spontaneous alternation impairments in MAM rats tested in cross-maze. In summary, these results suggest H3R antagonists may have the potential to ameliorate CDS.
Using humanitarian aid to ‘win hearts and minds’: a costly failure?
Authors: Williamson Jamie A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article contends that the integration of humanitarian assistance in efforts to ‘win hearts and minds’ in counter-insurgencies has not been successful, and that the costs, both operational and legal, clearly outweigh any benefits. It demonstrates how such manipulation of humanitarian assistance runs counter to fundamental principles of international humanitarian law. In addition, a growing body of research suggests that the use of short-term aid and relief programmes as part of counter-insurgency has been ineffectual, and that, in places such as Afghanistan, it may even have undermined the overall military goal of defeating insurgents. With the United States and NATO military operations winding down in Afghanistan, it is time for the military and policy-makers reviewing ‘winning hearts and minds’ as a counter-insurgency strategy to draw the lessons and recognize the importance of a neutral and independent space for humanitarian aid.
Quaternary morphotectonic mapping of the Wadi Araba and implications for the tectonic activity of the southern Dead Sea fault
Authors: Le Béon Maryline , Klinger Yann , Mériaux Anne‐Sophie , Al‐Qaryouti Mahmoud , Finkel Robert C. , Mayyas Omar , Tapponnier Paul 
Published: August 2012

The Dead Sea strike‐slip fault accommodates the northward motion of Arabia relative to Sinai at a rate of ∼5 mm/yr. The southern segment of the fault, the Wadi Araba fault, runs along a valley blanketed in Quaternary sediments. We first focused on understanding the relative and absolute timing of emplacement of the alluvial surfaces. We then determined the probable source of the sediments before assessing their lateral offset to constrain the late Pleistocene fault slip rate. Seven successive morphostratigraphic levels were identified. At two sites, we recognized an alluvial sequence of five to seven successive levels with ages getting younger northward, a pattern consistent with the western block moving southward relative to two fixed feeding channels located to the east. Surface samples were collected for10Be cosmogenic radionuclide dating. Fans F3 and F5 were found to be synchronous from site to site, at 102 ± 26 ka and 324 ± 22 ka, respectively, while F4 could be dated at 163 ± 19 ka at one site only. These are minimum ages, assuming no erosion of the alluvial surfaces. At least two of these periods are correlated with wet periods that are regionally well documented. Further analyses of tectonic offsets are affected in most cases by large uncertainties due to the configuration of the sites. They indicate maximum offsets of ∼5.5 km for the oldest, possibly ∼1 Ma old, surfaces. They lead to bracketing of the fault slip rate between 5 and 12 mm/yr, with preferred values of 5–7 mm/yr, for the last 300 ka.
Zero distribution and factorization of analytic functions of slow growth in the unit disc
Authors: Chyzhykov I. 
Published: August 2012

For a meromorphic function

f
f

in the unit disc, let the

ρ
∞

\rho _\infty

-order of the growth be the limit of the orders of

L
p

L_p

-norms of

log
⁡

|

f
(
r

e

i
θ

)

|

\log |f(re^{i\theta })|

over the circle. In the case when the order of the maximum modulus function is smaller than 1, we describe zero distribution of canonical products and derive a new factorization theorem and logarithmic derivative estimates.
Contrasting trends in sea ice and primary production in the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean
Authors: Brown Zachary W. , Arrigo Kevin R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBrown, Z. W., and Arrigo, K. R. 2012. Contrasting trends in sea ice and primary production in the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . Satellite remote sensing data were used to examine recent trends in sea-ice cover and net primary productivity (NPP) in the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean. In nearly all regions, diminished sea-ice cover significantly enhanced annual NPP, indicating that light-limitation predominates across the seasonally ice-covered waters of the northern hemisphere. However, long-term trends have not been uniform spatially. The seasonal ice pack of the Bering Sea has remained consistent over time, partially because of winter winds that have continued to carry frigid Arctic air southwards over the past six decades. Hence, apart from the “Arctic-like” Chirikov Basin (where sea-ice loss has driven a 30% increase in NPP), no secular trends are evident in Bering Sea NPP, which averaged 288 ± 26 Tg C year−1 over the satellite ocean colour record (1998–2009). Conversely, sea-ice cover in the Arctic Ocean has plummeted, extending the open-water growing season by 45 d in just 12 years, and promoting a 20% increase in NPP (range 441–585 Tg C year−1). Future sea-ice loss will likely stimulate additional NPP over the productive Bering Sea shelves, potentially reducing nutrient flux to the downstream western Arctic Ocean.
Trophic interactions of meso- and macrozooplankton and fish in the Iceland Sea as evaluated by fatty acid and stable isotope analysis
Authors: Petursdottir Hildur , Falk-Petersen Stig , Gislason Astthor 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPetursdottir, H., Falk-Petersen, S., and Gislason, A. 2012. Trophic interactions of meso- and macrozooplankton and fish in the Iceland Sea as evaluated by fatty acid and stable isotope analysis. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . A trophic study was carried out in August of 2007 and 2008 on the pelagic ecosystem in the Subarctic Iceland Sea. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes and fatty acid biomarkers were used to study trophic linkages and the trophic ecology of the most important pelagic species in this ecosystem, with emphasis on capelin (Mallotus villosus). According to 15N enrichment results, there are 3–4 trophic levels in this ecosystem excluding organisms of the microbial loop and birds and mammals. The primarily herbivorous copepod Calanus hyperboreus occupies the lowest trophic level of the animal species studied, and adult capelin and blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) occupy the highest level. Calanus spp. proved to be an important dietary component of most of the species studied, the euphausiid species Thysanoessa inermis and T. longicaudata being exceptions. The chaetognath Eukrohnia hamata is a pure carnivore, feeding heavily on Calanus spp., whereas most of the other zooplankton species studied practice an omnivorous–carnivorous feeding mode. The amphipod species Themisto libellula is important in the diet of adult capelin. Adult capelin and blue whiting share the same feeding habits and could therefore be competing for food.
Comparative studies of climate effects on polar and subpolar ocean ecosystems, progress in observation and prediction: an introduction
Authors: Drinkwater Kenneth F. , Hunt George L. , Astthorsson Olafur S. , Head Erica J. H. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Drinkwater, K. F., Hunt, G. L. Jr, Astthorsson, O. S., and Head, E. J. H. 2012. Comparative studies of climate effects on polar and subpolar ocean ecosystems, progress in observation and prediction: an introduction. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . Background to and content of this part-product of the second ESSAS (Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas) symposium is provided, along with a call for future work of such nature to be continued, expanded, and enhanced, specifically with a view to determining global variations in resources and dynamics attributable to climate change.
Establishing an allergic eczema model employing recombinant house dust mite allergens Der p 1 and Der p 2 in BALB/c mice
Authors: Szalai Krisztina , Kopp Tamara , Lukschal Anna , Stremnitzer Caroline , Wallmann Julia , Starkl Philipp , Vander Elst Luc , Saint‐Remy Jean‐Marie , Pali‐Schöll Isabella , Jensen‐Jarolim Erika 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe major house dust mite allergens Der p 1 and Der p 2 are prevalent inducers of eczema. Der p 1 is a cysteine protease disrupting epithelial barriers, whereas Der p 2 functionally mimics the LPS‐binding compound MD‐2 within the TLR4 complex. In this work, we tested the percutaneous sensitizing capacity of recombinant (r) Der p 1 and Der p 2 in BALB/c mice. Mice were sensitized by percutaneous application of low (10 μg/application) and high dose (100 μg) rDer p 1 or rDer p 2, or with rDer p 1 followed by rDer p 2. Allergen‐specific and total IgE antibodies were determined by ELISA. Eczema of BALB/c was classified by the itching score and corresponded to erosions. Infiltrating immune cells were identified by haematoxylin/eosin and Giemsa staining for eosinophils or mast cells, CD3 staining for T lymphocytes. Percutaneous treatments with rDer p 1, but not rDer p 2‐induced specific IgG1. However, cotreatment with rDer p 1 led to increase in anti‐Der p 2 IgG titres. Both allergens elicited skin erosions because of scratching, thickening of the epidermis, and eosinophil and T‐cell infiltration. Our data indicate that recombinant mite allergens in the absence of adjuvant are sufficient for inducing eczema in BALB/c mice. As the enzymatic activity of an allergen might be an important cofactor for specific sensitization via the skin, Der p 1 may act as adjuvant for other allergens too. The presented mouse model is suitable for investigating the mechanisms of allergic eczema.
Healthcare service provider perceptions of organisational communication across the perioperative pathway: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Braaf Sandra , Manias Elizabeth , Finch Sue , Riley Robin , Munro Fiona 
Published: August 2012

Aims and objectives.  To gain understandings into service providers’ perceptions of organisational communication and identify areas for improvement across the perioperative pathway.Background.  Effective communication among healthcare service providers is vital to the delivery of safe and quality patient care. Locally and internationally, research into sentinel and adverse events consistently demonstrate the perioperative environment and communication breakdown as recurring constituents in the generation of sentinel and adverse patient events.Design.  Prospective cross‐sectional survey design.Methods.  Using a whole population sampling method all service providers from across the perioperative pathway including surgeons, nurses, anaesthetists, theatre technicians, patient service assistants and receptionists were surveyed using the International Communication Association survey. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics, univariate analysis of variance and independent samples t‐tests.Results.  In total, 281 service providers from the perioperative pathway of three Australian public hospitals completed the survey. Respondents were dissatisfied with communication from top management and service providers employed in an operating room or postanaesthetic care unit perceived the communication of information to be inadequate. Further, analysis by service providers’ occupation revealed nurses were less satisfied with channels of information than surgeons and anaesthetists were less satisfied with the timeliness of information than nurses.Conclusions.  Restricted communication flow was evident as many areas of organisational communication were reported to be insufficient for the transmission of information. This research highlights the need for improved communication flow between service providers, and between management and service providers, working across the perioperative pathway.Relevance to clinical practice.  Areas identified for communication improvement can be used to prevent communication failures and promote effective communication strategies such as meetings, education, providing time for open communication and developing organisational policy and procedures.
A qualitative study to investigate the drivers and barriers to healthy eating in two public sector workplaces
Authors: Pridgeon A. , Whitehead K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundWorkplaces are a key setting for improving the health of employees and influencing the health of the local population. The present study aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the perceptions and views of staff on the drivers and barriers to the provision, promotion and consumption of healthier food choices in two public sector workplaces.MethodsA mixture of catering and other staff (n = 23) employed by either Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council or Barnsley Primary Care Trust were interviewed. Purposive sampling was used to ensure representation of different grades, job roles, hours worked, gender and age groups. All interviews were conducted in the workplace and were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis.ResultsFour themes that influence food and healthy eating in the workplace were identified: workplace structures and systems; cost, choice and availability of food; personal versus institutional responsibility; and food messages and marketing. Interviewees perceived that foods promoted in the workplace were traditional ‘stodgy’ foods and that there was a limited availability of affordable healthy choices. Catering staff were driven to run their service as a business rather than promote health. Time constraints and tight deadlines imposed on staff led to some not eating at midday.ConclusionsThere is little qualitative research published about food in the workplace. This unique qualitative study has elicited staff views and experiences and suggests complexity around healthy eating and food provision in the workplace. The findings may inform the planning of future workplace interventions.