bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages and Disadvantages of Etomidate Use for Intubation of Patients with Sepsis
Authors: J. Cherfan Antoine , Arabi Yaseen M. , Al‐Dorzi Hasan M. , Kenny Lisa P. 
Published: September 2012

Etomidate is a potent imidazole hypnotic used widely in single doses in the rapid sequence intubation of critically ill patients with sepsis due to its presumed hemodynamic safety, fast onset, and short duration of action. However, the literature is conflicting regarding the hemodynamic advantages of etomidate over other induction agents, and its safety in this population is a matter of strong debate in the critical care community as the drug is associated with suppression of adrenal steroidogenesis, which can last up to 72 hours after a single dose, primarily through potent inhibition of the 11β‐hydroxylase enzyme. However, the clinical impact of this adrenal suppressive effect is not certain. The use of continuous‐infusion etomidate in critically ill patients was abandoned more than 20 years ago due to reports of increased mortality. Nevertheless, mortality data of single‐dose etomidate are still controversial, with no strong evidence of benefit over other agents and a tendency toward harm (keeping in mind the limitations of the available literature). Proponents of single‐dose etomidate use in patients with sepsis suggest that the increased mortality associated with etomidate is merely a reflection of the patients' severity of illness and not related to the drug itself, whereas others believe that the drug causes true harm and increases mortality in this population. In view of the lack of a clear clinical advantage of etomidate over other agents used in rapid sequence intubation, it would be prudent to favor other agents until further conclusive evidence of etomidate safety is available in critically ill patients with sepsis.
ESTIMATION OF TIME‐VARYING ADJUSTED PROBABILITY OF INFORMED TRADING AND PROBABILITY OF SYMMETRIC ORDER‐FLOW SHOCK
Authors: Preve Daniel , Tse Yiu‐Kuen 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYRecently, Duarte and Young (2009) studied the probability of informed trading (PIN) proposed by Easley et al. (2002) and decomposed it into two parts: the adjusted PIN (APIN) as a measure of asymmetric information and the probability of symmetric order‐flow shock (PSOS) as a measure of illiquidity. They provide some cross‐section estimates of these measures using daily data over annual periods. In this paper we propose a method to estimate daily APIN and PSOS by extending the method in Tay et al. (2009) using high‐frequency transaction data. Our empirical results show that while PIN is positively contemporaneously correlated with variance, APIN is not. On the other hand, PSOS is positively correlated with daily average effective spread and variance, which is consistent with the interpretation of PSOS as a measure of illiquidity. Compared to APIN, PSOS exhibits clustering and sporadic bursts over time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steroid Concentrations and Immunoexpression of Steroidogenic Enzymes in Ovaries of Aged Bank Voles: Effect of Photoperiod
Authors: Galas Jerzy , Starowicz Agnieszka , Knapczyk‐Stwora Katarzyna , Tabarowski Zbigniew , Szołtys Maria 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe main objective of the present study was to establish morphological and steroidogenic changes occurring in the ovaries of senescent bank voles, with respect to the photoperiod of rearing. Obtained results revealed less pronounced changes in the ovaries of females reared in a long photoperiod (LD). Their gonads still possessed some healthy follicles and old corpora lutea (CLs). Senescence‐related changes encompassed the presence of abnormal follicles, large regions containing extra‐follicular luteinized granulosa cells and numerous clusters of hypertrophied theca/interstitial cells, exhibiting strong expression of 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) and much weaker that of cytochrome P450c17. More pronounced changes were observed in animals reared in short day (SD) conditions and included the presence of only few, usually abnormal follicles and/or remnants of CLs in the surface region, and the isle‐like clusters of cells in the ovarian medulla. The clusters were composed of cells generally featuring strong 3β‐HSD and/or P450c17 immunoreaction. Steroid content analysis revealed that progesterone dominated in the ovaries of LD bank voles and androgens in SD animals, while estradiol content was very low in both investigated groups. These studies showed for the first time morphological and steroidogenic changes found in the ovaries of senescent bank voles and indicated an important role of length light conditions in the process of reproductive aging. J. Exp. Zool. 317A:622–629, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sedimentology of a debris‐rich, perhumid valley glacier margin in the Rakaia Valley, South Island, New Zealand
Authors: Hyatt Olivia M. , Shulmeister James , Evans David J. A. , Thackray Glenn D. , Rieser Uwe 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe sedimentology and stratigraphy of a multi‐phase glaciation sequence dating to Marine Isotope Stage 6 in the Rakaia Valley, South Island, New Zealand, is presented. This outcrop presents an example of the depositional signature of an end member of temperate valley glaciation, where voluminous sediment supply in a tectonically active setting combines with high annual temperatures and low seasonality to generate significant year‐round glacifluvial activity. Such glacial systems produce geological–climatic units that are dominated by thick sequences of aggradational gravels and proglacial lake sediments trapped behind outwash heads during deglaciation. At Bayfields Cliff, outwash sequences record an oscillating glacier margin marked by a sequence of glacier‐fed, Gilbert‐type deltas. The deltas are cut by numerous small‐scale, syndepositional, normal faults indicating both loss of glacier support and melt‐out of buried ice. A larger‐scale thrust fault system reflects late‐stage ice overrun. Braid plain gravels and chaotic disturbed glacial lake sediments are also recorded. A notable feature of these systems is the virtual absence of till in an environment with much other evidence for proximal ice. Cumulatively we regard these sediment–landform associations as diagnostic of debris‐laden, perhumid, temperate valley glacier systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coarse clast ridge sequences as suitable archives for past storm events? Case study on the Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia
Authors: Scheffers Anja M. , Scheffers Sander R. , Kelletat Dieter H. , Squire Peter , Collins Lindsay , Feng Yuexing , Zhao Jian‐Xin , Joannes‐Boyau Renaud , May Simon Matthias , Schellmann Gerhard , Freeman Heather 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPrehistoric storm records are relatively scarce in most parts of the world. This article presents storm records derived from coral rubble‐based geological archives of the Houtman Abrolhos Archipelago located off the west coast of Australia, where the southernmost coral reefs of the Indian Ocean are found. Winter storm swell from the circum‐Antarctic ‘Brave Westerlies’, as well as tropical cyclone waves, have left numerous ridge systems on dozens of islands of the archipelago, all composed of coral rubble from adjacent reefs. At three islands, seven ridge systems were dated by three different methods: U‐series (68 dates), radiocarbon (64 dates), electron spin resonance (7 dates); 139 radiometric dates span the last 5500 years of the Holocene. In contrast to the geomorphological interpretation, the age sequences show ‘inversions’, hiatuses and different ages for the same ridge, all pointing to complicated ridge formation processes. Time gaps, some exceeding 1000 years, are interpreted as phases of erosion and not as phases without storm activity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calibration of the in situ cosmogenic 14C production rate in New Zealand's Southern Alps
Authors: Schimmelpfennig Irene , Schaefer Joerg M. , Goehring Brent M. , Lifton Nathaniel , Putnam Aaron E. , Barrell David J. A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn situ cosmogenic 14C (in situ 14C) analysis from quartz‐bearing rocks is a novel isotopic tool useful for quantifying recent surface exposure histories (up to ∼25 ka). It is particularly powerful when combined with longer‐lived cosmogenic isotopes such as 10Be. Recent advances in the extraction of in situ 14C from quartz now permit the routine application of this method. However, only a few experiments to calibrate the production rate of in situ 14C in quartz have been published to date. Here, we present a new in situ 14C production rate estimate derived from a well‐dated debris flow deposit in the Southern Alps, New Zealand, previously used to calibrate 10Be production rates. For example, based on a geomagnetic implementation of the Lal/Stone scaling scheme we derive a spallogenic production rate of 11.4 ± 0.9 atoms 14C (g quartz)−1 a−1 and a 14C/10Be spallogenic production rate ratio of 3.0 ± 0.2. The results are comparable with production rates from previous calibrations in the northern hemisphere. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cochlear implant programs: Balancing clinical and financial sustainability
Authors: McKinnon Brian J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:In 2006, a tertiary academic medical center's adult and pediatric cochlear implant program was closed due to financial losses. Using business practices known as supply chain and revenue management, the objective was to establish a new cochlear implant program that was financially viable.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study using a nonequivalent historical comparison group design.Methods:Using available financial data from the period of 1999 to 2006, cost and revenue figures were estimated, and a business plan developed using supply chain and revenue management principles to re‐establish the cochlear implant program in 2007. Actual cost and revenue data from 2007 to 2011, the current program, were assessed for current financial performance and compared to the historical data.Results:In comparing the period of 1999 to 2006 to the period of 2007 to 2011, the net loss per implanted patient went from $22,365 to $976. Profitable gross and net margins were achieved for all payers except Medicaid, for which the loss per case remained unchanged. This per case loss may change with receipt of pending Medicaid Upper Payment Limit supplemental payments.Conclusions:Use of supply chain and revenue management principles markedly improved the financial performance of the re‐established cochlear implant program. With improved cost and revenue outcomes, the overall negative net margin was reduced. Physicians who learn and use supply chain and revenue management methods can work to ensure that their patients will have continued access to cochlear implant surgery, and are applicable to any clinical services or procedures that must meet the challenge of achieving financial sustainability. Laryngoscope, 2013
Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid with massive invasion into the cervical and mediastinum great veins: Our own experience and literature review
Authors: Nakashima Torahiko , Nakashima Atsuhiro , Murakami Daisuke , Toh Satoshi , Shiratsuchi Hideki , Yasumatsu Ryuji , Tominaga Ryuji , Komune Shizuo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThyroid carcinomas with massive intralumen invasion of the great veins are extremely rare and reported to have poor prognosis. We report a case of a poorly differentiated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid with extensive invasion into the bilateral internal jugular veins, brachiocephalic vein, and superior vena cava. All of the seven major drainage veins from the thyroid were involved by tumor thrombus. The patient was successfully treated by surgical resection including removal of the tumor thrombus and repair of the great veins. The importance of preoperative radiological findings, treatment, and outcome are discussed along with a literature review.
Crystal Polymorphism and Spherulites in Poly(butylene adipate) Diluted with Strongly Versus Weakly Interacting Amorphous Polymers
Authors: Lugito Graecia , Woo Eamor M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPolymorphism and ring‐banded spherulites in poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) diluted with poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) or poly(hydroxyether of bisphenol A) (phenoxy) were studied. For neat PBA, polymorphism and ring‐banded spherulites occur at overlapped Tc = 28–31 °C (4 °C range). By comparison, ring bands of crystallized PBA/PVAc blend remain similar to neat PBA; while for PBA/phenoxy blend, ring bands are completely disrupted (revealed by surface AFM phase images), owing to strong interchain interactions between PBA and phenoxy. The results summarily demonstrate that the Tc range for polymorphism becomes much wider (Tc = 19–32 °C) with the addition of the amorphous polymers and reveals the phenomenon of ring bands in PBA is not correlated or attributed to its α+β polymorphism.
Post‐Modification of Organoiron Poly(alkynyl methacrylate)s with Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. , Winram Diana J. , Shipman Patrick O. , Rock Christopher L. , Vandel Mason S. , Patrick Brian O. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRadical polymerization of organoiron (alkynyl methacrylate)s afforded a series of organoiron poly(alkynyl methacrylate)s with the ability to coordinate dicobalt hexacarbonyl. The polymers were post‐modified with dicobalt hexacarbonyl moieties through reaction with dicobaltoctacarbonyl. Gel permeation chromatography indicated that the polymers possessed weight average molecular weights between 17 800 Da and 33 900 Da with PDIs between 1.3 and 1.6. Thermal analysis revealed that the polymers possess glass transition temperatures between 78 and 138 °C.
Hypercyclic composition operators on Hv0‐spaces
Authors: Miralles Alejandro , Wolf Elke 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe consider analytic self‐maps φ on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbf {D}$\end{document} and prove that the composition operator Cφ acting on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$H_{v}^0$\end{document} is hypercyclic if φ is an automorphism or a hyperbolic non‐automorphic symbol with no fixed point. We give examples of weights v and parabolic non‐automorphisms φ on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbf {D}$\end{document} which yield non‐hypercyclic composition operators Cφ on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$H_{v}^0$\end{document}.
Baustelle Chemie
Authors: Rupp Severine 
Published: September 2012

AbstractViele Chemiegebäude an Universitäten haben ihre besten Tage hinter sich: Der Beton bröckelt, Risse sind notdürftig geflickt und Abzüge drohen auszufallen. Marburg baut neu, Göttingen dagegen saniert bei laufendem Betrieb.
Aufschluss nach Kjeldahl: Infrarot oder konventionelle Erhitzung
Authors: Hilz Hauke , Eilers Annika , Märkle Gunda , Beninga Claus , Rieger Eva‐Maria 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBei der Stickstoffbestimmung nach Kjeldahl erhitzt in konventionellen Geräten ein Heizblock die Proben. Inzwischen gibt es Geräte, die dazu Infrarotstrahler verwenden. Wie sich beide Heizmethoden auf Aufschlusszeit, Analysenergebnis und Handhabbarkeit auswirken, zeigt ein Vergleich am Beispiel Haferflocken.
A real time procedure for affinely dependent parametric model order reduction using interpolation on Grassmann manifolds
Authors: Son Nguyen Thanh 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYModel order reduction helps to reduce the computational time in dealing with large dynamical systems, for example, during simulation, control, optimization. In many cases, the considered model depends on parameters; Model order reduction techniques are, therefore, preferred to symbolically preserve this dependence or to be adaptive to the change of the model caused by the variation in the values of the parameters. In this paper, we first present the application of the interpolation technique on Grassmann manifolds to this problem. We then improve the method for the models whose system matrices depend affinely on parameters by considerably reducing the computational complexity on the basis of analyzing the structure of sums of singular value decompositions and decomposing the whole procedure into offline and online stages. A numerical example is shown to illustrate the method as well as to prove its effectiveness. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of processing parameters on the structure of melt blended polyethylene/organoclay nanocomposites produced by a masterbatch route
Authors: Besco Stefano , Modesti Michele , Lorenzetti Alessandra 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMelt compounding is one of the most used methods to produce thermoplastic‐based nanocomposites. The aim of this study is the assessment of the effects of processing set‐up and conditions on the structure and properties of low‐density polyethylene/organically modifies layered silicate (OMLS) nanocomposites obtained by a two‐step process by concentrate masterbatch route. Concentrate masterbatch formulation and dilution have been investigated to correlate processing parameters with final nanocomposites structure by means of morphological and physical characterization. Even if a good dispersion/intercalation occurred regarding concentrate masterbatch, the probability of a further OMLS dispersion during the masterbatch dilution process depends remarkably on the extruder mixing capacity, with important consequences for the industrial application of masterbatch technology in net shape forming processes. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
A Real‐World Evaluation of Oral Vancomycin for Severe Clostridium difficile Infection: Implications for Antibiotic Stewardship Programs
Authors: Le Frank , Arora Vaneet , Shah Dhara N. , Salazar Miguel , Palmer Hannah R. , Garey Kevin W. 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectiveTo assess antibiotic treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) based on underlying severity of CDI disease.DesignRetrospective analysis of data from a prospective cohort study.SettingLarge tertiary care university hospital.PatientsOne hundred forty‐four patients (mean ± SD age 63 ± 17 yrs) with CDI who received metronidazole (intravenous or oral) or oral vancomycin as their initial therapy option between 2006 and 2008.Measurements and Main ResultsPatients were stratified by severity of illness and treatment, and outcomes assessed were clinical response, relapse of disease, all‐cause inpatient mortality, and length of hospital stay. Mild‐moderate CDI disease was present in 85 patients (59%) and severe disease in 59 patients (41%). Overall, oral vancomycin was given to 16 patients (11%); use of this drug did not differ according to severity of infection. Among patients with severe disease, clinical success occurred in 32 (63%) of 51 patients given metronidazole and in all 8 patients (100%) given vancomycin (p=0.04). Inpatient mortality and hospital length of stay were lower in patients with severe CDI who were given oral vancomycin, although these results were not statistically significant.ConclusionOral vancomycin was not commonly used for severe CDI. An improved clinical response rate was observed in patients with severe CDI given oral vancomycin; this outcome supported results from clinical trials. Antibiotic stewardship teams could play a major role in providing guidance on CDI treatment based on severity.
Acceptable Plasma Concentrations of Raltegravir and Etravirine When Administered by Gastrostomy Tube in a Patient with Advanced Multidrug‐Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Sandkovsky Uriel , Swindells Susan , Moore Ryan , Acosta Edward P. , Fletcher Courtney V. 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectiveTo determine whether the absorption of four antiretroviral agents—raltegravir, etravirine, emtricitabine, and tenofovir—is compromised when administered by gastrostomy tube.DesignPharmacokinetic analysis.SettingUniversity medical center.PatientA 52‐year‐old African‐American man coinfected with advanced multidrug‐resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and chronic hepatitis B, who was receiving treatment with raltegravir, etravirine, emtricitabine, and tenofovir, and developed ulcerative esophagitis with perforation, requiring a gastrostomy tube.Measurements and Main ResultsDue to the patient's esophageal perforations, all nutrition and drug therapy had to be provided by gastrostomy tube. As his antiretroviral regimen of raltegravir, etravirine, and emtricitabine‐tenofovir was not available in liquid or powder formulations, the oral tablets were crushed or dispersed and mixed with water, then administered by gastrostomy tube. To ensure that the absorption of the drugs was sufficient for antiretroviral response, plasma samples were collected at 2 hours and 12 hours after dosing, and drug concentrations were quantitated by using validated assays. The 2‐ and 12‐hour postdose plasma concentrations were 1220 and 446 ng/ml for raltegravir, 212 and 274 ng/ml for etravirine, 1148 and 164 ng/ml for emtricitabine, and 320 and 94 ng/ml for tenofovir, respectively. The patient's plasma concentrations were then compared with those in published pharmacokinetic studies of oral regimens administered to HIV‐infected persons and healthy volunteers. Overall, the plasma concentrations of the antiretrovirals administered by gastrostomy tube were similar to published values. No drug toxicities were observed in this patient.ConclusionThese pharmacokinetic data suggest that absorption of raltegravir, etravirine, emtricitabine, and tenofovir was not compromised when the drugs were administered by gastrostomy tube. These findings provide a basis for further investigation of the pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerance, and antiretroviral response to raltegravir, etravirine, and emtricitabine‐tenofovir when the oral route of administration is not possible.