bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High HIV‐1 prevalence, risk behaviours, and willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials in fishing communities on Lake Victoria, Uganda
Authors: Kiwanuka Noah , Ssetaala Ali , Mpendo Juliet , Wambuzi Matthias , Nanvubya Annet , Sigirenda Simon , Nalutaaya Annet , Kato Paul , Nielsen Leslie , Kaleebu Pontiano , Nalusiba Josephine , Sewankambo Nelson K 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionHIV epidemics in sub‐Saharan Africa are generalized, but high‐risk subgroups exist within these epidemics. A recent study among fisher‐folk communities (FFC) in Uganda showed high HIV prevalence (28.8%) and incidence (4.9/100 person‐years). However, those findings may not reflect population‐wide HIV rates in FFC since the study population was selected for high‐risk behaviour.MethodsBetween September 2011 and March 2013, we conducted a community‐based cohort study to determine the population representative HIV rates and willingness to participate (WTP) in hypothetical vaccine trials among FFC, Uganda. At baseline (September 2011–January 2012), a household enumeration census was done in eight fishing communities (one lakeshore and seven islands), after which a random sample of 2200 participants aged 18–49 years was selected from 5360 individuals. Interviewer‐administered questionnaire data were collected on HIV risk behaviours and WTP, and venous blood was collected for HIV testing using rapid HIV tests with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) confirmation. Adjusted prevalence proportion ratios (adj.PPRs) of HIV prevalence were determined using log‐binomial regression models.ResultsOverall baseline HIV prevalence was 26.7% and was higher in women than men (32.6% vs. 20.8%, p<0.0001). Prevalence was lower among fishermen (22.4%) than housewives (32.1%), farmers (33.1%) and bar/lodge/restaurant workers (37%). The adj.PPR of HIV was higher among women than men (adj.PPR =1.50, 95%; 1.20, 1.87) and participants aged 30–39 years (adj.PPR=1.40, 95%; 1.10, 1.79) and 40–49 years (adj.PPR=1.41, 95%; 1.04, 1.92) compared to those aged 18–24 years. Other factors associated with HIV prevalence included low education, previous marriage, polygamous marriage, alcohol and marijuana use before sex. WTP in hypothetical vaccine trials was 89.3% and was higher in men than women (91.2% vs. 87.3%, p=0.004) and among island communities compared to lakeshore ones (90.4% vs. 85.8%, p=0.004).ConclusionsThe HIV prevalence in the general fisher‐folk population in Uganda is similar to that observed in the “high‐risk” fisher folk. FFC have very high levels of willingness to participate in future HIV vaccine trials.
Communication dynamics in twitter during political campaigns: The case of the 2011 Spanish national election
Authors: Aragón Pablo , Kappler Karolin Eva , Kaltenbrunner Andreas , Laniado David , Volkovich Yana 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe irruption of social media in the political sphere is generating repositories of “Big Data,” which can be mined to gain insights into communication dynamics. The research reported here relies on a large data set from Twitter to examine the activity, emotional content, and interactions of political parties and politicians during the campaign for the Spanish national elections in November 2011. The aim of this study is to investigate the adaptation of political parties to this new communication and organizational paradigm originating in the evolution of the Internet and online social networks. We analyze the reply and retweet networks of seven political parties with significant offline differences to assess their conversation and information diffusion patterns. We observe that political parties, and especially the major traditional parties, still tend to use Twitter just as a one‐way flow communication tool. Moreover, we find evidence of a balkanization trend in the Spanish online political sphere, as observed in previous research for other countries.
Mapping the public agenda with topic modeling: The case of the Russian livejournal
Authors: Koltsova Olessia , Koltcov Sergei 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article describes agendas as “packages” of topics of varying salience, set by the Russian Internet users on Russia's leading blog platform LiveJournal. The research involved modeling LiveJournal's topic structure, viewed as an important component of what is termed here self‐generated public opinion. Topic modeling was performed automatically with the LDA algorithm, and complemented with hand labeling of topics. Data were collected by software created by the authors to generate a relational database storing all posts by the top 2,000 LiveJournal users from three one‐month periods: two during the Russian parliamentary and presidential elections 2011–2012, and one control period. We find that LiveJournal top users share their attention evenly between “social/political” and “private/recreational” issues, the proportion being very stable. However, the substitution of diverse public affairs issues by the topics related to national street protests in the politicized periods compared to the control period was found both automatically and manually. The group of topics centered around social issues demonstrates the biggest volatility in terms of its composition and may serve as the foundation for monitoring self‐generated public opinion by further application of sentiment/opinion mining methods to these topics.
Synthesis of Blended Fibers of Poly(3‐hydroxybutyric acid) and Poly(propylene carbonate) Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Nagiah Naveen , Ramanathan Giriprasath , Uma Tiruchirapalli Sivagnanam , Madhavi Lakshmi , R Anitha , Natarajan Tirupattur Srinivasan 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTElectrospinning is one of the cheapest and upscalable techniques to mimic the structure of the extracelluar matrix of tissues and organs. Fibers of submicron and nanoscale dimensions were obtained by electrospining blended polymer solutions of poly(3‐hydroxybutyric acid) and poly(propylene carbonate) using 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoro‐2‐propanol and 2,2,2 trifluoroethanol as solvents. The resultant fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and attenuated total reflection‐fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The fibrous scaffold had competent tensile properties and supported the growth and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes with normal morphology, thus proving its reliability in using it as a potential scaffold for skin regeneration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2013, 32, 21370; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21370
Exploration of the Bulk Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene
Authors: Qu Jian‐Bo , Huan Guan‐Sheng , Chen Yan‐Li , Shao Hui‐Hui , Wang Li 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of well‐defined polystyrene by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is reported. The effects of temperature, initiators, catalysts, and ligands on styrene bulk ATRP were investigated in detail. Results indicated that the initiator activity for a given monomer needs careful matching to bring about a match of the chain‐initiation and chain‐propagation rates. The higher activity is not necessarily the better. Thus, the less reactive monomer, styrene, was efficiently initiated by 1‐phenylethyl bromide (1‐PEBr), which only has a moderate initiator activity. Similarly, the catalyst system had to be carefully matched to achieve a real controlled/living radical polymerization. Controlled/living bulk ATRP of styrene was achieved by using 1‐PEBr as initiator, copper(I) bromide as catalyst, and N,N,N′,N′′,N′′‐ pentamethyldiethyllenetriamine as ligand at 90°C. After 4 h, the monomer conversion reached 51.8%, the practical molecular weight of polystyrene coincided well with the theoretical molecular weight of polystyrene, and the molecular weight distribution was 1.15. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2013, 32, 21371; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21371
MICROSCOPE – fabricating test masses for an in‐orbit test of the equivalence principle
Authors: Hagedorn Daniel , Heyne Heinz‐Peter , Metschke Stephan , Langner Uwe , Grüner Sven , Löffler Frank , Lebat Vincent , Rodrigues Manuel , Touboul Pierre 
Published: July 2013

The MICROSCOPE space mission is to test in 2016 the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP) with an accuracy of 10−15. This fundamental physics mission should provide answers to the basic question of the universality of free‐falling bodies in a uniform gravity field. During 18 months, the mission should improve the current ground experiments by at least two orders of magnitude. The payload is composed of two electrostatic differential space accelerometers that exhibit a resolution of 2×10−12 m s−2 Hz−1/2. By measuring the difference of acceleration between two concentric test masses at the orbital frequency, a possible WEP violation signal is extracted from the measurement where the gravity gradient effect dominates by a factor of one hundred.This paper addresses the scientific objective of the space mission and describes how the performance drives the specification. A particular focus is made on the work jointly performed by ONERA and PTB to fulfil the fabricating requirements.
A new approach to test Lorentz invariance in the weak interaction
Authors: Wilschut Hans W. , Dijck Elwin A. , Hoekstra Steven , Jungmann Klaus , Müller Stefan E. , Noordmans Jacob P. , Onderwater Gerco , Pijpker Coen , Sytema Auke , Timmermans Rob G. E. , Vos K. Keri , Willmann Lorenz 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLorentz invariance has been tested rather poorly on the weak interaction in comparison to the electromagnetic interaction. This work discusses which tests on the weak interaction may be relevant. In particular, it considers exploiting the spin degrees of freedom in β decay for testing rotational invariance. The relation between the various phenomenological tests of Lorentz invariance is shown using a new theoretical framework.
Quantum information entropies for an asymmetric trigonometric Rosen–Morse potential
Authors: Sun Guo‐Hua , Dong Shi‐Hai , Saad Nasser 
Published: July 2013

AbstractShannon entropy for the position and momentum eigenstates of an asymmetric trigonometric Rosen–Morse potential for the ground and first excited states is evaluated. The position and momentum information entropies and are calculated numerically. Also, it is found that is obtained analytically and increases with the potential depth and width. Some interesting features of the information entropy densities and are demonstrated graphically. The Bialynicki‐Birula–Mycielski inequality is also tested and found to hold good.
Synthesis and application properties of fluorinated aromatic copolymers
Authors: Ye Haohua , Li Zhanxiong , Chen Guoqiang 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAromatic monomers with different fluorine concentrations and structural distribution patterns were synthesized. A series of copolymers based on methyl methacrylate, acrylate, and perfluorooctylalkyl acrylate were prepared by emulsion polymerization and were subsequently used as functional coatings to prepare water‐ and oil‐repellent cotton fabrics. The composition and structure of the outmost layer of the treated cotton surface were analyzed. A strong surface segregation of fluorinated segments was found for the treated samples, as shown by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The basis for an in‐depth appreciation of the relationship between the molecular structure of the monomers and the properties of corresponding copolymer‐treated materials was provided (especially with regarding to their hydrophobic and oleophobic properties). The wetting characteristics of the fluorinated copolymers were found to be dependent on the density (number of side chains per constitutional repeat unit) and regularity of the fluorinated side chains. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4410–4418, 2013
Cyclodextrin‐dendrimer functionalized polysulfone membrane for the removal of humic acid in water
Authors: Malinga Soraya P. , Arotiba Omotayo A. , Krause Rui W. M. , Mapolie Selwyn F. , Diallo Mamadou S. , Mamba Bhekie B. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTCommercial polysulfone (PSf) membranes were crosslinked with a β‐cyclodextrin‐poly (propyleneimine) (β‐CD‐PPI) conjugate which had β‐CD pendant arms using trimesoyl chloride (TMC) by interfacial polymerization. The morphology and physicochemical properties of the nanofiltration membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflectance (FT‐IR/ATR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cross‐flow filtration system. Water‐contact angle, water‐intake capacity, and rejection capacities of the membranes were evaluated. The β‐CD‐G4 (generation 4)‐PPI‐PSf and β‐CD‐G3 (generation 3)‐PPI‐PSf membranes both exhibited high humic acid rejection of 72% as compared to the commercial PSf which exhibited 57%. The modified membranes were also more hydrophilic (36° to 41°) than PSf (76°). These results suggest that β‐CD‐PPI nanostructures are promising materials for the synthesis of membranes for the removal of humic acid from water. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4428–4439, 2013
A New Tridentate Sulfur Receptor as a Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent Sensor for Cu2+ Ions
Authors: She Haiying , Song Fengling , Xu Juan , Xiong Xiaoqing , Chen Gengwen , Fan Jiangli , Sun Shiguo , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe introduction of Lawesson′s reagent into a bis‐rhodamine spirolactam system afforded a new fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ ions, SRR, which contained a new tridentate sulfur ligand. SRR showed excellent specificity for Cu2+ ions over other cations (including Cu+, Hg2+, and Fe3+), very high sensitivity (10 nM), and a rapid response time (3 min). The detection mechanism was investigated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, and ESR spectroscopy, MS, and Gaussian calculations. Coordination of a Cu2+ ion to the tridentate sulfur ligand, which promotes ring‐opening of the rhodamine groups, followed by a spontaneous reduction reaction (Cu2+ into Cu+), has been proposed as the sensing mechanism.
Substituent and Solvent Effects on the Electrochemical Properties and Intervalence Transfer in Asymmetric Mixed‐Valent Complexes Consisting of Cyclometalated Ruthenium and Ferrocene
Authors: Wu Si‐Hai , Shao Jiang‐Yang , Kang Hong‐Wei , Yao Jiannian , Zhong Yu‐Wu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFour heterodimetallic complexes [Ru(Fcdpb)(L)](PF6) (Fcdpb=2‐deprotonated form of 1,3‐di(2‐pyridyl)‐5‐ferrocenylbenzene; L=2,6‐bis‐(N‐methylbenzimidazolyl)‐pyridine (Mebip), 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (tpy), 4‐nitro‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (NO2tpy), and trimethyl‐4,4′,4′′‐tricarboxylate‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (Me3tctpy)) have been prepared. The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of these complexes have been examined in CH2Cl2, CH3NO2, CH3CN, and acetone. These complexes display two consecutive redox couples owing to the stepwise oxidation of the ferrocene (Fc) and ruthenium units, respectively. The potential difference, ΔE1/2 (E1/2(RuII/III)−E1/2(Fc0/+)), decreased slightly with increasing solvent donocity. The mixed‐valent states of these complexes have been generated by electrolysis and the resulting intervalence charge‐transfer (IVCT) bands have been analyzed by Hush theory. Good linear relationships exist between the energy of the IVCT band, Eop, and ΔE1/2 of four mixed‐valent complexes in a given solvent.
Design and activity of novel lactoferrampin analogues against O157:H7 enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli
Authors: Cruz Jenniffer , Ortiz Claudia , Guzmán Fanny , Cárdenas Constanza , Fernandez‐Lafuente Roberto , Torres Rodrigo 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTLactoferrampin 265–284 (LFampin 265–284) is a peptide consisting of residues 265–284 of N1‐domain of bovine Lactoferrin (LF). This peptide has several cationic groups in the C‐terminal lobe, exhibiting an antibacterial activity against a wide range of microorganisms. However, LFampin 265–284 exhibits low antimicrobial activity against the O157:H7 enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC O157:H7) when compared with Lactoferrin chimera and Lactoferricin. Here, we have designed three analogues of LFampin 265–284 based on the distribution of cationic groups, hydrophobicity, size, and sequence. Analogues were synthesized by solid phase chemistry using Fmoc methodology obtaining peptides with 95% purity. All peptides maintain the ability to adopt helical conformations (checked by circular dichroism spectra and molecular simulations). Some of these analogues exhibited a significant increase in antimicrobial activity by counting colony forming units against EHEC O157:H7 compared to native LFampin 265–284, with MIC of 10 and 40 µM for 264G‐D265K and 264G‐D265K/S272R, respectively. The incorporation of a GKLI sequence in the N‐terminal lobe increased dramatically its antibacterial activity, an effect which has been attributed to the addition of cationic groups in the N‐terminal side that may stabilize the helical conformation of the new designed peptides. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 319–328, 2014.
Responsible Innovation Toward Sustainable Development in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: a Resource Perspective
Authors: Halme Minna , Korpela Maria 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWhat resources do small enterprises need to develop responsible innovations that enhance sustainable development? Does lack of resources prevent innovation toward sustainability in small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) or can innovations be created with scarce resources? This study investigates environmentally and socially responsible innovations of SMEs from a resource perspective, based on empirical data from 13 Nordic SMEs. The findings indicate that SMEs can create responsible innovations with very different resource combinations. The most common resource combination comprises equity, research and development cooperation, networks, industry knowledge and reputation. Except for financial capital in the form of equity, which appears a necessary condition for responsible innovation from SMEs, resource needs vary between technological and business model innovations. Creating business model innovations appears to be possible with scarce resources, at the very least with equity and social capital. Environmental technology innovations call for more abundant resource combinations. In particular industry knowledge appears to be a key resource for such innovations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Recipes for Successful Sustainability: Empirical Organizational Configurations for Strong Corporate Environmental Performance
Authors: Walker Kent , Ni Na , Dyck Bruno 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe examine 45 existing case studies of firms with strong corporate environmental performance (CEP) to empirically identify four organizational configurations for successful sustainability. These four configurations represent different combinations of variables describing a firm's external environment, organizational structure, and its strategy‐related activities. More specifically, these configurations vary in having a benign or challenging external environment, a mechanistic or organic structure, a low‐cost or differentiation strategy, hands‐on or hands‐off participation by the top management team, high or low consideration given to stakeholders, and a short‐ or long‐term time orientation. Taken together the four organizational configurations introduce an understanding of equifinality for achieving CEP. In other words, given an adequate variety of ingredients, there are multiple recipes for successful sustainability. Implications for scholars, practitioners and policy‐makers and other stakeholders are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
PD‐1 as a potential target in cancer therapy
Authors: McDermott David F. , Atkins Michael B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRecently, an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the host response to tumors has led to the identification of checkpoint signaling pathways involved in limiting the anticancer immune response. One of the most critical checkpoint pathways responsible for mediating tumor‐induced immune suppression is the programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) pathway, normally involved in promoting tolerance and preventing tissue damage in settings of chronic inflammation. Many human solid tumors express PD ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and this is often associated with a worse prognosis. Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes from patients with cancer typically express PD‐1 and have impaired antitumor functionality. Proof‐of‐concept has come from several preclinical studies in which blockade of PD‐1 or PD‐L1 enhanced T‐cell function and tumor cell lysis. Three monoclonal antibodies against PD‐1, and one against PD‐L1, have reported phase 1 data. All four agents have shown encouraging preliminary activity, and those that have been evaluated in larger patient populations appear to have encouraging safety profiles. Additional data are eagerly awaited. This review summarizes emerging clinical data and potential of PD‐1 pathway–targeted antibodies in development. If subsequent investigations confirm the initial results, it is conceivable that agents blocking the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway will prove valuable additions to the growing armamentarium of targeted immunotherapeutic agents.
Unraveling the Interaction between the LPS O‐Antigen of Burkholderia anthina and the 5D8 Monoclonal Antibody by Using a Multidisciplinary Chemical Approach, with Synthesis, NMR, and Molecular Modeling Methods
Authors: Marchetti Roberta , Canales Angeles , Lanzetta Rosa , Nilsson Inga , Vogel Christian , Reed Dana E. , AuCoin David P. , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Molinaro Antonio , Silipo Alba 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe interaction between the O‐chain from the lipopolysaccharide from Burkholderia anthina and a lipopolysaccharide‐specific monoclonal antibody (5D8) has been studied at high resolution by NMR spectroscopy. In particular, the 5D8‐bound epitope of the saccharide entity has been unraveled by a combination of saturation transfer difference (STD) and transferred NOESY (tr‐NOESY) experiments performed on the 5D8/polysaccharide complex. To dissect the fine details of the molecular recognition events, further experiments with simpler carbohydrate ligands were carried out. Thus, experiments were also performed with ad hoc synthesized trisaccharide and hexasaccharide O‐antigen repeating units. By using this multidisciplinary approach (chemical synthesis, NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation), determination of the binding epitope and the contribution to the binding of the sugar units composing the O‐chain have been determined.
A perioperative uncontrollable bleeding in an elderly patient with acquired hemophilia A: a case report
Authors: Cortegiani Andrea , Russotto Vincenzo , Foresta Grazia , Montalto Francesca , Strano Maria Teresa , Raineri Santi Maurizio , Giarratano Antonino 
Published: July 2013

Key Clinical MessageAcquired hemophilia A should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of perioperative bleeding in patients without any apparent reason for activated partial thromboplastin time prolongation.