bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast-noise-ratio (CNR) analysis and optimisation of breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) acquisition protocols
Authors: Dieckens Dennis , Lavalaye Jules , Romijn Leo , Habraken Jan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer in women. Breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) is a diagnostic imaging method that uses sestamibi-labelled 99Tc and a dedicated gamma camera to localize malignant lesions in breast tissue. The aim of this study is to investigate if the current acquisition protocol for BSGI at our hospital is optimized for the detection of lesions in our patients.

Methods
We analyzed patient data and performed a phantom study with a Dilon 6800 gamma camera. The patient data were collected from a group of 13 patients (740 MBq 99mTc-sestamibi, four views per patient were dynamically acquired with a frame duration of 30 s per frame and a total acquisition time of 8 min per view). Reduced-time static images were created, and contrast-to-noise ratios of identified hotspots were determined for different acquisition times. For the phantom study, we used a contrast detail phantom to investigate the contrast and resolution properties, within the range of relevant clinical acquisition parameters. The phantom was filled with a concentration of 80 MBq in 500 ml of water, and we dynamically acquired frames for a total acquisition time of 60 min using a general purpose (GP) collimator. To compare the GP collimator with the high-resolution collimator, a second acquisition was made for both collimators with a total acquisition time of 16 min.

Results
The initial analysis of BSGI scans of the 13 patients showed that a dose reduction by a factor of 3 would not have reduced the number of observable hotspots in each of the acquired views. However, a subsequent systematic analysis of our protocol with a contrast-detail phantom showed that dose reduction results in a lower observability of hotspots, whereas increased doses resulted in a higher observability.

Conclusion
We believe that the results of our phantom study are relevant for clinical practice and that further dose reduction cannot be recommended for the BSGI exams at our hospital and that an increase of the administered activity should be considered.
Patient-ventilator asynchronies: may the respiratory mechanics play a role?
Authors: Carlucci Annalisa , Pisani Lara , Ceriana Piero , Malovini Alberto , Nava Stefano 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The mechanisms leading to patient/ventilator asynchrony has never been systematically assessed. We studied the possible association between asynchrony and respiratory mechanics in patients ready to be enrolled for a home non-invasive ventilatory program. Secondarily, we looked for possible differences in the amount of asynchronies between obstructive and restrictive patients and a possible role of asynchrony in influencing the tolerance of non-invasive ventilation (NIV).

Methods
The respiratory pattern and mechanics of 69 consecutive patients with chronic respiratory failure were recorded during spontaneous breathing. After that patients underwent non-invasive ventilation for 60 minutes with a "dedicated" NIV platform in a pressure support mode during the day. In the last 15 minutes of this period, asynchrony events were detected and classified as ineffective effort (IE), double triggering (DT) and auto-triggering (AT).

Results
The overall number of asynchronies was not influenced by any variable of respiratory mechanics or by the underlying pathologies (that is, obstructive vs restrictive patients). There was a high prevalence of asynchrony events (58% of patients). IEs were the most frequent asynchronous events (45% of patients) and were associated with a higher level of pressure support. A high incidence of asynchrony events and IE were associated with a poor tolerance of NIV.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that in non-invasively ventilated patients for a chronic respiratory failure, the incidence of patient-ventilator asynchronies was relatively high, but did not correlate with any parameters of respiratory mechanics or underlying disease.
Recombinant factor VIIa for uncontrollable bleeding in patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: report on 15 cases and literature review
Authors: Repessé Xavier , Au Siu Ming , Bréchot Nicolas , Trouillet Jean-Louis , Leprince Pascal , Chastre Jean , Combes Alain , Luyt Charles-Edouard 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Bleeding is the most frequent complication in patients receiving venoarterial or venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) has been used in these patients with conflicting results. We describe our experience with rFVIIa for refractory bleeding in this setting and review the cases reported in the literature.

Methods
Clinical characteristics, demographics, bleeding, thrombotic complications, mortality, and rFVIIa administration were retrospectively collected for analysis from the electronic charts of the 15 patients in our intensive care unit who received rFVIIa while being given ECMO from January 2006 to March 2011.

Results
Fifteen patients received rFVIIa for persistent bleeding under venoarterial (n = 11) or venovenous (n = 4) ECMO. Bleeding dramatically decreased in 14 patients, without a major thrombotic event, except in one patient in whom a major stroke could not be ruled out. Two circuits were changed within the 48 hours after rFVIIa administration for clots in the membrane and decreased oxygenation but without massive clotting. The mortality rate was 60%.

Conclusions
rFVIIa use for intractable hemorrhaging in patients receiving ECMO controlled bleeding, without major thrombotic events, and with 60% dying. Hence, its use warrants discussion, and clinicians should be aware of the possibility of potentially life-threatening systemic thrombosis, emboli, or circuit clotting. Whether rFVIIa can save the lives of such patients remains to be determined.
Diagnostic accuracy of early urinary index changes in differentiating transient frompersistent acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: multicenter cohortstudy
Authors: Pons Bertrand , Lautrette Alexandre , Oziel Johanna , Dellamonica Jean , Vermesch Régine , Ezingeard Eric , Mariat Christophe , Bernardin Gilles , Zeni Fabrice , Cohen Yves , Tardy Bernard , Souweine Bertrand , Vincent François , Darmon Michael 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Urinary indices have limited effectiveness in separating transient acute kidneyinjury (AKI) from persistent AKI in ICU patients. Their time-course may vary withthe mechanism of AKI. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate thediagnostic value of changes over time of the usual urinary indices in separatingtransient AKI from persistent AKI.

Methods
An observational prospective multicenter study was performed in six ICUs involving244 consecutive patients, including 97 without AKI, 54 with transient AKI, and 93with persistent AKI. Urinary sodium, urea and creatinine were measured at ICUadmission (H0) and on 6-hour urine samples during the first 24 ICU hours (H6, H12,H18, and H24). Transient AKI was defined as AKI with a cause for renalhypoperfusion and reversal within 3 days.

Results
Significant increases from H0 to H24 were noted in fractional excretion of urea(median, 31% (22 to 41%) and 39% (29 to 48%) at H24, P < 0.0001),urinary urea/plasma urea ratio (15 (7 to 28) and 20 (9 to 40), P <0.0001), and urinary creatinine/plasma creatinine ratio (50 (24 to 101) and 57 (29to 104), P = 0.01). Fractional excretion of sodium did not changesignificantly during the first 24 hours in the ICU (P = 0.13). Neitherurinary index values at ICU admission nor changes in urinary indices between H0and H24 performed sufficiently well to recommend their use in clinical setting(area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve ≤0.65).

Conclusion
Although urinary indices at H24 performed slightly better than those at H0 indifferentiating transient AKI from persistent AKI, they remain insufficientlyreliable to be clinically relevant.
Dopexamine can attenuate the inflammatory response and protect against organ injury in the absence of significant effects on hemodynamics or regional microvascular flow
Authors: Bangash Mansoor N , Patel Nimesh SA , Benetti Elisa , Collino Massimo , Hinds Charles J , Thiemermann Christoph , Pearse Rupert M 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The effects of dopexamine, a β2-agonist, on perioperative and sepsis-related hemodynamic, microvascular, immune, and organ dysfunction are controversial and poorly understood. We investigated these effects in a rodent model of laparotomy and endotoxemia.

Methods
In two experiments, 80 male Wistar rats underwent laparotomy. In 64 rats, this was followed by administration of endotoxin; the remainder (16) underwent sham endotoxemia. Endotoxemic animals received either dopexamine at 0.5, 1, or 2 μg/kg/min or 0.9% saline vehicle (controls) as resuscitation fluid. The effects of dopexamine on global hemodynamics, mesenteric regional microvascular flow, renal and hepatic function and immune activation were evaluated.

Results
Endotoxin administration was associated with a systemic inflammatory response (increased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, as well as cell-adhesion molecules CD11a and CD11b), and increased pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (indicating pulmonary leukocyte infiltration), whereas biochemical changes demonstrated lactic acidosis with significant renal and hepatic injury. Dopexamine administration was associated with less-severe lactic acidosis (pooled dopexamine versus controls, (lactate, 2.2 mM ± 0.2 mM versus 4.0 mM ± 0.5 mM; P < 0.001) and reductions in the systemic inflammatory response (pooled dopexamine versus control, 4 hour (TNF-α): 324 pg/ml ± 93 pg/ml versus 97 pg/ml ± 14 pg/ml, p < 0.01), pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and hepatic and renal injury (pooled dopexamine versus control (ALT): 81 IU/L ± 4 IU/L versus 138 IU/L ± 25 IU/L; P < 0.05; (creatinine): 49.4 μM ± 3.9 μM versus 76.2 μM ± 9.8 μM; P < 0.005). However, in this study, clinically relevant doses of dopexamine were not associated with clinically significant changes in MAP, CI, or gut regional microvascular flow.

Conclusions
In this model, dopexamine can attenuate the systemic inflammatory response, reduce tissue leukocyte infiltration, and protect against organ injury at doses that do not alter global hemodynamics or regional microvascular flow. These findings suggest that immunomodulatory effects of catecholamines may be clinically significant when used in critically ill surgical patients and are independent of their hemodynamic actions.
Patchwork: allele-specific copy number analysis of whole-genome sequenced tumor tissue
Authors: Mayrhofer Markus , DiLorenzo Sebastian , Isaksson Anders 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWhole-genome sequencing of tumor tissue has the potential to provide comprehensive characterization of genomic alterations in tumor samples. We present Patchwork, a new bioinformatic tool for allele-specific copy number analysis using whole-genome sequencing data. Patchwork can be used to determine the copy number of homologous sequences throughout the genome, even in aneuploid samples with moderate sequence coverage and tumor cell content. No prior knowledge of average ploidy or tumor cell content is required. Patchwork is freely available as an R package, installable via R-Forge (http://patchwork.r-forge.r-project.org/).
Vibrational Mode Assignment in the Terahertz Frequency Region by Isotope Shift: Anthracene in Solid State
Authors: Kambara Ohki , Ponseca Carlito S , Tominaga Keisuke , Nishizawa Jun-ichi , Sasaki Tetsuo , Wang Houng-Wei , Hayashi Michitoshi 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The low-frequency spectra of normal anthracene and anthracene-d10 in the solid state were measured by a high-resolution terahertz spectrometer. We observed the isotope shift of the vibrational frequency in the THz frequency region at 5 K. The vibrational mode assignment was performed based on the DFT calculation for the isolated species and observed isotope shifts. We also conducted solid-state DFT calculations using CRYSTAL09 to confirm the mode assignment. The correlation field splitting for the intramolecular mode due to the dipole–dipole interaction is quantitatively discussed.
Economic Value of Celebrity Endorsements: Tiger Woods' Impact on Sales of Nike Golf Balls
Authors: Chung Kevin YC , Derdenger Timothy P. , Srinivasan Kannan 
Published: March 2013

In this paper we quantify the economic worth of celebrity endorsements by studying the sales of endorsed products. We do so with the use of two unique data sets consisting of monthly golf ball sales and professional golfer (celebrity) rankings. In particular, we examine the impact Tiger Woods had on sales of Nike golf balls. Our identification of the causal effect of a celebrity is grounded in the celebrity's random performance over time. Using two different approaches, reduced form and structural, we find that there are substantial celebrity endorsement effects. From our structural model, we determine that endorsements not only induce consumers to switch brands, a business stealing effect, but also have a primary demand effect. We determine that from 2000 to 2010, the Nike golf ball division reaped an additional profit of $103 million through the acquisition of 9.9 million in sales from Tiger Woods' endorsement effect. Moreover, having Tiger Woods' endorsement led to a price premium of roughly 2.5%. As a result, approximately 57% of Nike's investment in Woods' $181 million endorsement deal was recovered just in U.S. golf ball sales alone.
Effect of Structural and Lattice Oxygen Changes on the Properties of CuO/CeO2 Catalysts for High-Temperature Water-Gas shift of H2-rich Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas
Authors: Jiang Li. , Zhu Hongwei , Razzaq Rauf , Li Chunshan , Li Zengxi 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A series of CeO2-based Cu catalysts was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. BET, N2O decomposition, XRD, TEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, H2-TPR, and XPS were used to characterize the catalysts. The catalytic activity was tested in terms of CO conversion and H2 selectivity in a H2-rich coal-derived synthesis gas. The effects of the copper content and the calcination temperature on the catalytic activity were investigated. A strong surface structure-activity relationship in the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction was observed for all the catalyst samples. With increasing CuO loading, the portion of finely dispersed CuO nanoparticles decreased. By contrast, increasing calcination temperature reduced the BET surface area and reducibility, as induced by CuO agglomeration, resulting in a negative effect on H2 production. The distinctive dependence of the WGS activity on the surface lattice oxygen and active oxygen vacancy of the examined solids was observed and investigated for all the CuO/CeO2 catalysts.
Double Hydrogen Transfer in Low Symmetry Porphycenes
Authors: Fita Piotr , Ciacka Piotr , Czerski Igor , Pietraszkiewicz Marek , Radzewicz Czeslaw , Waluk Jacek 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The rate constants of intramolecular double hydrogen transfer have been determined for of tert-butyl-substituted porphycenes: 2-tert-butyl-, 2,7-di-tert-butyl-, 2,7,12-tri-tert-butyl-, and 2,7,12,17-tetra-tert-butylporphycene using femtosecond pump-probe polarization spectroscopy. The rates increase monotonically with the number of substituents. As is the case for other porphycenes studied so far, the tautomerization becomes slower after excitation to the lowest excited singlet state. The potential for the trans-trans self-exchange reaction is symmetrical in di- and tetra-tert-butyl substituted derivatives, but not for the singly and triply substituted ones. Our studies enabled determination of the relative populations of nonequivalent tautomers and thus of the equilibrium constants in S0 and S1 states, as well as estimation of ground and excited state activation energies for the tautomerization process.
Divination
Authors: Freedgood Elaine 
Published: March 2013

What if in the final minutes of your heavyingdescendingthe landing strip kept lyingchanging you backinto the air the way a whitebacks away in anger when you approach with the directions you've been asked?—Ed Roberson, “The Aerialist Narratives”The fate of the nation is foretold in the arcs of birds, in the flight patterns of the ruling class, in the strip of runway hard to see in the fog. Only through the scrutiny of all such lines will our fates grow clear.—Joseph Donahue, “Metaphysical Shivers: Reading Ed Roberson”
A review of historical lahars, floods, and landslides in the Prêcheur river catchment (Montagne Pelée volcano, Martinique island, Lesser Antilles)
Authors: Aubaud Cyril , Athanase Jean-Elie , Clouard Valérie , Barras Anne-Valérie , Sedan Olivier 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The Prêcheur river catchment belongs to the Montagne Pelée volcano massif located in the north of Martinique island, in the Lesser Antilles arc. In June 19–20, 2010 two high-discharge lahars overflowed and partially damaged the Prêcheur bridge, interrupting the road traffic for several days, and inundating part of the Abymes quarter. These non-eruptive, rain-triggered lahars were the consequence of the mobilization of loose volcanic material accumulated in the river bed by a massive landslide of the Samperre cliff that occurred on May 11, 2010.
In order to improve lahar risk assessment for the Prêcheur river, we review the existing knowledge on lahars and floods for the period 1851–2011. We improved the database mainly on the basis of geophysical (seismic and acoustic) data for the most recent period (1980-present). We show that: (1) the largest event ever observed in Prêcheur is the eruption-related lahar of May 8, 1902 at 06:00 UTC, (2) high-discharge, non-eruptive lahars able to partially destroy or submerge the bridge occur every 10.3 years in average since 1950, (3) geophysical records show that there are more low magnitude lahars than previously recognized because witness accounts report the larger events and therefore filter out the smaller ones; by contrast geophysical instruments are able to detect both high and low magnitude events, (4) the recent paroxysms of 2009–2010 belong to a landslide-lahar crisis which started in 2004; the onset of the landslide-lahar crisis was unnoticed by the population due to the low magnitude of the events.
The results of this compilation stress the importance of the presence of geophysical instrumentation sufficiently close to the river for monitoring small scale landslides and lahars. Indeed, these low magnitude events are likely to be unnoticed by the local population and therefore likely to be absent from the collective memory and local newspapers. However, they can inform about the imminence of more significant events, as observed in 1980 and 2010.
Physical characteristics and triggering mechanisms of the 2009–2010 landslide crisis at Montagne Pelée volcano, Martinique: implication for erosional processes and debris-flow hazards
Authors: Clouard Valérie , Athanase Jean-Elie , Aubaud Cyril 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Flank destabilizations are common processes in the life of a volcano. Apart from giant landslides with recurrence times of tens of thousands of years and whose deposits are identified in the bathymetry around the islands, less voluminous but more frequent erosional landslides contribute significantly to the morphological development of the topography. In this paper, we present a detailed description of a landslide sequence that occurred in 2009 and 2010 on the western flank of Montagne Pelée volcano, originating at the Samperre cliff. This sequence is characterized by two main events, in August 2009 and May 2010, and hundreds of smaller collapses. From seismic data and high resolution topographic data from airborne Lidar, collapses are counted and volumes of the main events are estimated. The May 2010 landslide has removed 2.1 millions of m3 of debris, which were subsequently remobilized during several hazardous lahars. The mean rates of erosion deduced from these volumes indicate that this kind of erosional landslide could represent a long term contribution of the same order of magnitude as giant flank collapses. The characterization of the runout of the landslides and of the Samperre cliff slopes provide important information for risk assessment, in particular for the risk of lahars that threaten the population living on the lower slopes.
How wide is the seismogenic zone of the Lesser Antilles forearc?
Authors: Gutscher Marc-André , Westbrook Graham K. , Marcaillou Boris , Graindorge David , Gailler Audrey , Pichot Thibaud , Maury René C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Lesser Antilles subduction zone has produced no recent strong thrust earthquakes, making it difficult to quantify the seismic hazard from such events. The Lesser Antilles arc has a low subduction rate and an accretionary wedge that is very wide at its southern end. To investigate the effect of the wedge on seismogenesis, numerical models of forearc thermal structure were constructed along six transects perpendicular to the arc in order to determine the thermally predicted width of the seismogenic zone. The geometry of each section is constrained by published seismic profiles and crustal models derived from gravity and seismic data and by earthquake hypocenters at depth. A major constraint on the deep part of the model is that mantle temperature beneath the volcanic arc should achieve a temperature of 1,100°C to generate partial melts. Predicted surface heat flow is compared to the available heat flow observations. Thermal modeling results indicate a systematic southward increase in the width of the seismogenic zone, more than doubling in width from north to south and corresponding to a dramatic southward increase in forearc width (distance from the arc to the deformation front of the accretionary wedge). The minimum width of the seismogenic zone (distance between the intersections of the subduction interface with the 150°C and 350°C isotherms) increases from about 80 km, north of 16°N, to 230 km, at 13°N. The maximum width (between the 100°C and 450°C isotherms) ranges from about 150 km in the north to up to 320 km in the south. This large variation in the width of the seismogenic zone is a consequence of the increasing width of the accretionary wedge to the south, caused by the increased thickness of sediment on the subducting plate. There is good agreement between the thermally predicted seismogenic limits and the sparse distribution of recorded thrust earthquakes, which are observed only in the northern portion of the arc. Possible scenarios for mega-thrust earthquakes are discussed. Depending on the segment length (along-strike) of the rupture plane, the occurrence of an event of magnitude 8–9 cannot be excluded.