bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bipolar Electrografting on the Inner Wall of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kumsapaya Chawanwit , Limtrakul Jumras , Kuhn Alexander , Zigah Dodzi , Warakulwit Chompunuch 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) were grown on the inner wall of the pores of an anodic aluminum oxide template by using chemical vapor deposition. The versatile bipolar electrochemistry approach was applied to selectively modify the tubes at one end with an organic layer of 4‐aminophenyl moieties. The presence of the template during the bipolar experiments intrinsically protects the outer surface of the tubes from the grafting of the organic layer. The layer is, thus, not only selectively grafted at the cathodic side of the tubes, but also exclusively onto the inner surface of the tubes. For longer deposition times, one end of the tubes was completely capped with a dense organic layer. Thus, bipolar electrochemistry can not only generate CNTs bearing organic functionalities on the tube surface for biosensing or bio‐electrocatalytic applications, but can also create a dense organic layer as a cap at one end of the tubes, opening up applications in the fields of drug storage and delivery.
Unequivocal Enantiomeric Identification and Analysis of 10 Chiral Pesticides in Fruit and Vegetables by QuEChERS Method Combined With Liquid Chromatography‐Quadruple/Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Determination
Authors: He Zeying , Peng Yi , Wang Lu , Luo Ming , Liu Xiaowei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this research, 10 chiral pesticides in fruits and vegetables were simultaneously determined using chiral liquid chromatography triple quadrupole‐linear ion trap hybrid mass spectrometry (LC‐QqLIT). The QuEChERS method was applied for sample preparation, and an enhanced product ion (EPI) scan was used to acquire tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra for the library search. Parameters including limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, relative standard deviation (RSD), and matrix effects were evaluated in five representative matrices (strawberry, leek, cowpea, tomato, and eggplant). Good linearity with coefficient of determination (r2) ≥0.997 was obtained for all 20 enantiomers in these five matrices over the range from 1.0 to 250 µg L‐1. All the recoveries at 5 and 50 µg kg‐1 (n = 5) ranged between 70% and 120% with RSD below 20%, indicating satisfactory precision. The LOQ for the enantiomers ranged between 0.05 and 1 µg kg‐1. Based on the proposed method, 135 commonly consumed fruits and vegetables taken from markets in Guizhou province, China, were analyzed. Enantioselective degradation for the selected chiral pesticides was observed in most of the positive samples. Chirality 27:958–964, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetics and Optimization of Refractory Metal Alloy Oxidation and Sublimation
Authors: Ratschbacher Karin , Luidold Stefan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn order to develop an industrial‐size recycling process for new materials, which are designed to satisfy the ever‐changing demands of technological innovation, the conversion properties have to be thoroughly studied. The complex conversion of a molybdenum‐tantalum alloy as well as a tungsten‐rhenium alloy is fitted to two different theoretical approaches, leading to a deeper understanding of the predominant chemical mechanism in a future recycling process. The most important process parameters temperature, grainsize of the input material and oxygen content were optimized as to minimizing the impurities in the recycled product and the oxidation time.
Pyrometallurgical Magnesium Recycling by Precipitation of Intermetallic Phases
Authors: Duwe Stephanie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDue to its high affinity to noble metals the recycling of magnesium is not trivial and the removal of corrosion promoting elements a challenge. Especially for the separation of nickel no industrially efficient method exists. In this work a reduction of the nickel content in contaminated magnesium‐aluminum alloys down to 100 ppmw could be achieved by the combined use of aluminum and zirconium. Although this residual content does not satisfy the highest purity grade of standard magnesium‐aluminum alloys (10 – 50 ppm) this still remains a great step towards an efficient magnesium recycling process.
Case‐linked analysis of clinical trial enrollment among adolescents and young adults at a National Cancer Institute‐Designated comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Collins Chelsea L. , Malvar Jemily , Hamilton Ann S. , Deapen Dennis M. , Freyer David R. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDPoor accrual to cancer clinical trials may contribute to the lower improvement in survival observed for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (those aged 15‐39 years) with cancer. This has been difficult to quantify without reliable mechanisms to link incident cases with study enrollments. Using unique resources available at their National Cancer Institute‐designated comprehensive cancer center, the authors compared the percentage of AYAs, children, and older adults enrolled onto cancer clinical trials and determined predictors of enrollment.METHODSPatients diagnosed with cancer from January 2008 through December 2012 at 1 pediatric and 2 adult University of Southern California hospitals were identified through the California Cancer Registry and individually linked to institutional trial enrollment databases. The availability of clinical trials was assessed.RESULTSAcross the center, the enrollment percentage for AYAs (6%) was equal to that of older adults (6%), but was less than that for children (22%) (P < .01). Within the children's hospital, the AYA enrollment percentage was also less than that for children (15% vs 23%, respectively; P<.01). On multivariate analysis, diagnosis and site of care were found to be predictive of AYA enrollment onto therapeutic and nontherapeutic studies. Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander individuals were more likely to enroll onto nontherapeutic studies compared with non‐Hispanic whites, but no racial/ethnic difference was observed for therapeutic studies.CONCLUSIONSIn the current study, the percentages of AYAs and older adults enrolled onto therapeutic trials were low but similar. Diagnosis, site of care, and race/ethnicity appear to be predictive of enrollment. Prospective mechanisms must be instituted to capture reasons for nonenrollment of AYAs and develop corrective interventions. Cancer 2015;121:4398–406. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
A Phase 1, Randomized, Single‐Dose Crossover Pharmacokinetic Study to Investigate the Effect of Food Intake on Absorption of Orteronel (TAK‐700) in Healthy Male Subjects
Authors: Suri Ajit , Pham Theresa , MacLean David B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the impact of food on the pharmacokinetics of orteronel, an investigational nonsteroidal, reversible selective inhibitor of 17,20‐lyase. In this open‐label, randomized crossover study, healthy subjects received single doses of orteronel 400 mg with a low‐fat meal, a high‐fat meal, and under fasting conditions in a randomized sequence. Plasma concentrations of orteronel and its primary M‐I metabolite were determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using mixed‐effects analysis of variance model. Compared with fasting conditions, the oral bioavailability of orteronel was increased under fed conditions. The least‐squares mean ratio for area under the plasma concentration–time curve after a low‐fat breakfast was 135% (90% confidence interval [CI], 126%–145%) compared with fasting conditions. Similarly, after a high‐fat breakfast, the corresponding value was 142% (90%CI, 132%–152%). No unexpected safety concerns were raised with orteronel 400 mg administered in the fasted state or after either a high‐fat or a low‐fat meal; mild adverse events were experienced by 36% of the healthy male subjects.
Asynchronous delay doubler and binary low‐pass filter for a time‐delay chaotic circuit
Authors: Yeniçeri Ramazan , Yalçın Müştak E. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn this paper, an asynchronous digital circuit is introduced for increasing the amount of delay in binary delay lines in an area efficient way. The circuit that uses its slave delay line twice per delay event is called asynchronous delay doubler (ADD). The delay increases exponentially, while the number of components increases linearly in the recursive utilization of ADD. An assumption on the event interval of the input 2signal helps to design the ADD in a very simple form. Therefore, the ADD can be implemented with a small amount of logical resource (gates or look‐up tables). For proper operation, interval between the events (positive edge or negative edge) on the binary input signal should be larger than the delay provided by the recursive ADD block. In order to satisfy this assumption, an auxiliary asynchronous circuit, which is called binary low‐pass filter (BLPF), is also proposed. The BLPF filters out the pulses narrower than the delay generated by its recursive ADD block. The proposed ADD design is suitable especially for the applications, like random number generation, in which the deviation in amount of delay is useful as an entropy source. In order to prove the concept, a chain of recursive ADD block is implemented with BLPFs on a field‐programmable gate array and utilized in a true random bit generator. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fascinating story of urine examination: From uroscopy to the era of microscopy and beyond
Authors: Magiorkinis Emmanouil , Diamantis Aristidis 
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study was to present the evolution of ideas on the examination of urine from antiquity till our days. A thorough study of texts, medical books from antiquity till twentieth century along with a thorough review of the available literature in PubMed was conducted. The first observation on urine examination can be traced back to the Babylonian and Sumerian texts. Almost all physicians in antiquity including Hippocrates referred to the value of urine examination in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. The construction of first compound microscope lead to the examination of urine sediment and the development of Urine Cytology which was revolutionized during the twentieth century with the studies of important cytologists such as George Papanicolaou, Geoffrey Krabbe, and Leopold Koss. The introduction of molecular tests in the diagnosis of urothelial cancer inaugurated a new era in the study of urine cytology. The history of urine examination spans a period of 6,000 years. The application of microscope in the examination of urine sediment during the nineteenth century established urine analysis as an important diagnostic tool in clinical practice. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:1020–1036. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Simple System Based on a Thiourea‐Modified Fluorescein for ω‐Amino Acid Discrimination
Authors: Martí Almudena , Costero Ana M. , Gaviña Pablo , Parra Margarita 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA thiourea‐modified fluorescein derivative was synthesized by reaction of fluorescein isothiocyanate with 2‐(2‐aminoethoxy)ethan‐1‐ol. UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy studies demonstrated that this heteroditopic receptor was able to discriminate among linear aliphatic ω‐amino acids with different chain lengths.
A monoclonal antibody against the receptor for advanced glycation end products attenuates inflammatory and neuropathic pain in the mouse
Authors: Brederson J.‐D. , Strakhova M. , Mills C. , Barlow E. , Meyer A. , Nimmrich V. , Leddy M. , Simler G. , Schmidt M. , Jarvis M. , Lacy S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multi‐ligand receptor in the immunoglobulin superfamily. RAGE is localized throughout ascending sensory pathways (skin, peripheral nerve, dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord), and in cell types interacting with sensory neurons (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes and macrophages). Neuronal RAGE expression increases in pathological pain states in humans and rodents, and soluble RAGE attenuates thermal hypoalgesia in diabetic mice. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether pharmacological modulation of RAGE could attenuate mechanical allodynia in rodent pain models.MethodsWe developed an anti‐RAGE monoclonal antibody (11E6) that binds to the C2 immunoglobulin domain of human RAGE, binds to mouse RAGE, and presumably to the same domain in mouse RAGE. The antinociceptive activity of 11E6 was investigated in mouse models of inflammatory (complete Freund's adjuvant) and neuropathic (chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve) pain. Mice were dosed intraperitoneally with 11E6 or IgG (negative control).ResultsIncreased mechanical thresholds were observed following a single dose of 11E6 in both inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Similar treatment with IgG did not alter nociceptive sensitivity. Repeated dosing with 11E6 significantly attenuated established mechanical hypersensitivity in a neuropathic pain model in a dose‐related fashion.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that specific modulation of RAGE effectively attenuates nociceptive sensitivity associated with chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain states.
Is globalization really good for public health?
Authors: Tausch Arno 
Published: September 2015

SummaryObjectivesIn the light of recent very prominent studies, especially that of Mukherjee and Krieckhaus (), one should be initially tempted to assume that nowadays globalization is a driver of a good public health performance in the entire world system. Most of these studies use time series analyses based on the KOF Index of Globalization. We attempt to re‐analyze the entire question, using a variety of methodological approaches and data. Our re‐analysis shows that neoliberal globalization has resulted in very important implosions of public health development in various regions of the world and in increasing inequality in the countries of the world system, which in turn negatively affect health performance.DesignWe use standardibm/spssordinary least squares (OLS) regressions, time series and cross‐correlation analyses based on aggregate, freely available data.Main outcomesDifferent components of the KOF Index, most notably actual capital inflows, affect public health negatively. The “decomposition” of the available data suggests that for most of the time period of the last four decades, globalization inflows even implied an aggregate deterioration of public health, quite in line with globalization critical studies. We introduce the effects of inequality on public health, widely debated in global public health research. Our annual time series for 99 countries show that globalization indeed leads to increased inequality, and this, in turn, leads to a deteriorating public health performance. In only 19 of the surveyed 99 nations with complete data (i.e., 19.1%), globalization actually preceded an improvement in the public health performance. Far from falsifying globalization critical research, our analyses show the basic weaknesses of the new “pro‐globalization” literature in the public health profession. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrological impacts of seismic lines in the wetland‐dominated zone of thawing, discontinuous permafrost, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Braverman Michael , Quinton William L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntensive seismic exploration in the Northwest Territories began in the late 1960s. Since that time, the legacy of seismic surveys – i.e. straight lines cutting through boreal forest and tundra – has remained visible throughout northern Canada and Alaska. The removal of trees and compaction of the ground surface alter the thermophysical properties of the active (i.e. seasonally thawed) layer to such an extent that the underlying permafrost seriously degrades or even disappears completely. Such a transformation along linear corridors that cut indiscriminately across different terrain types with contrasting hydrological functions has potentially serious implications to the redistribution of water and energy within and among landscape units with feedbacks to permafrost thaw, land cover change and run‐off generation. This paper characterizes the flow and storage of water and energy along a seismic cut line in the high boreal zone of discontinuous permafrost in order to improve the understanding of these processes, their interactions and hydrological implications. As such, this paper lays a conceptual foundation for the development of numerical models needed to predict the hydrological and thermal impact of seismic lines in this sensitive region. We used ground‐penetrating radar and multi‐year ground temperatures and water levels along a seismic line to estimate the degree of permafrost degradation below it. The seismic line studied extends from a permafrost‐free wetland (flat bog), over a permafrost body (peat plateau) and into another permafrost‐free wetland (channel fen). It was found that once thaw had lowered the permafrost table below the ground surface elevation of the flat bog and channel fen, the seismic line forms a hydrological connection between them. It was also shown that during the permafrost thaw process, seismic lines develop a perennially thawed layer (talik) between the overlying active layer and underlying permafrost and that the talik conveys water as a conduit throughout the year. The implications of such drainage through seismic lines and networks on basin drainage in peatland‐dominated regions with discontinuous permafrost are also discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Odanacatib Restores Trabecular Bone of Skeletally Mature Female Rabbits With Osteopenia but Induces Brittleness of Cortical Bone: A Comparative Study of the Investigational Drug With PTH, Estrogen, and Alendronate
Authors: Khan Mohd Parvez , Singh Atul Kumar , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Shrivastava Pragya , Tiwari Mahesh Chandra , Nagar Geet Kumar , Bora Himangshu Kousik , Parameswaran Venkitanarayanan , Sanyal Sabyasachi , Bellare Jayesh R , Chattopadhyay Naibedya 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Cathepsin K (CK), a lysosomal cysteine protease, is highly expressed in mature osteoclasts and degrades type 1 collagen. Odanacatib (ODN) is a selective and reversible CK inhibitor that inhibits bone loss in preclinical and clinical studies. Although an antiresorptive, ODN does not suppress bone formation, which led us to hypothesize that ODN may display restorative effect on the osteopenic bones. In a curative study, skeletally mature New Zealand rabbits were ovarectomized (OVX) and after induction of bone loss were given a steady-state exposure of ODN (9 mM/d) for 14 weeks. Sham-operated and OVX rabbits treated with alendronate (ALD), 17b-estradiol (E2), or parathyroid hormone (PTH) served as various controls. Efficacy was evaluated by assessing bone mineral density (BMD), bone microarchitecture (using micro-computed tomography), fluorescent labeling of bone, and biomechanical strength. Skeletal Ca/P ratio was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with X-ray microanalysis, crystallinity by X-ray diffraction, and bone mineral density distribution (tissue mineralization) by backscattered SEM. Between the sham and ODN-treated osteopenic groups, lumbar and femur metaphyseal BMD, Ca/P ratio, trabecular microstructure and geometric indices, vertebral compressive strength, trabecular lining cells, cortical parameters (femoral area and thickness and periosteal deposition), and serum P1NP were largely comparable. Skeletal improvements in ALD-treated or E2-treated groups fell significantly short of the sham/ODN/PTH group. However, the ODN group displayed reduced ductility and enhanced brittleness of central femur, which might have been contributed by higher crytallinity and tissue mineralization. Rabbit bone marrow stromal cells expressed CK and when treated with ODN displayed increased formation of mineralized nodules and decreased apoptosis in serum-deficient medium compared with control. In vivo, ODN did not suppress remodeling but inhibited osteoclast activity more than ALD. Taken together, we show that ODN reverses BMD, skeletal architecture, and compressive strength in osteopenic rabbits; however, it increases crystallinity and tissue mineralization, thus leading to increased cortical bone brittleness. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Low‐frequency variability of precipitation in the North American monsoon region as diagnosed through earlywood and latewood tree‐ring chronologies in the southwestern US
Authors: Carrillo Carlos M. , Castro Christopher L. , Woodhouse Connie A. , Griffin Daniel 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTRecent studies have pointed out the statistical occurrence of dual‐season droughts detected in tree‐ring chronologies over the southwestern US region that is not well described by instrumental observed records of the 20th century. In this study, a multi‐statistical approach that evaluates persistent dual‐season drought using a mode‐of‐variability oriented approach is proposed, considering a new network of tree‐ring earlywood (EW)‐ and latewood‐adjusted (LWadj) chronologies from throughout southwestern North America. To determine dominant patterns of spatiotemporal variability, empirical, orthogonal functions, canonical correlation analysis, and multi‐taper‐method singular value decomposition analyses were applied, with focus on variability from inter‐annual to centennial periods and highlighting the multi‐decadal signals inherent to proxy record network. During the instrumental period, we demonstrate that EW and LWadj networks of tree‐ring chronologies are able to capture the associated precipitation responses of cool and warm season atmospheric teleconnections. Considering the four‐century period of the complete tree‐ring network, we explore the possibility of a dual summer–winter variability signal in the low‐frequency climate regime. EW and LWadj seem to be coherent in‐phase at the very low‐frequency scale (50–100 years spectral band). This provocative result is supported by major historic documented multi‐year droughts of the region since 1650. Thus, the temporal variation of these chronologies time series and its associated spatial pattern strongly suggest that this low‐frequency mode might represents an important spatiotemporal variation of droughts in the Southwest; however, the source of this signal is still an open question and of great interest for drought planning and resource management in the region.