bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the coefficient of variation a valid measure for variability of stable isotope abundances in biological materials?
Authors: Brendel Oliver 
Published: January 2014

RATIONALEThe isotopic compositions of low‐mass elements such as carbon are commonly expressed on theδscale, relative to the isotopic ratio of an international standard (RST). Carbon stable isotope measurements of plant material are interpreted with an apparently biological meaning as an estimator of water use efficiency, and this has been used widely in recent years to screen plant material for variation. To compare the observed variability with other traits, the coefficient of variation (CV) is often used as an intrinsic variability measure.METHODSTheoretical considerations as well as an example dataset were used to test the independence of the CV from theRSTon which the values of isotopic composition on theδscale are based.RESULTSIt can be shown mathematically that the CV of a dataset ofδ13C values is directly dependent onRST. The exploration of the example dataset confirmed this but also showed that the conversion of absolute isotopic ratios into atom fraction does not change the resulting CV. Similarly, a discrimination calculated between twoδ13C values is independent ofRST, but depends on accurate knowledge of bothδ13C values. It was also shown that results of statistics (e.g. ANOVA) are robust among different units of isotopic composition.CONCLUSIONSAs CVs estimated from isotopic compositions expressed on theδscale depend on the underlying standard, they should not be compared with those of other traits, and even comparisons of CVs among isotopic datasets should be interpreted with care. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An effective monitoring framework and user interface design
Authors: Chen Tseng‐Yi , Yeh Hsiu‐Lien , Wei Hsin‐Wen , Sun Mei‐ju , Hsu Tsan‐sheng , Shih Wei‐Kuan 
Published: January 2014

SummaryA distributed environment requires a monitoring system to oversee the operation of various distributed nodes. A monitoring service is crucial because it ensures a high‐quality computing environment and a reliable service. The interface and framework determine the effectiveness of a monitoring system. This paper uses the concept of user‐adaptive visualization to design its interface and proposes a flexible modular framework. Designers can use the proposed modular framework to flexibly extend existing modules, design visual interfaces to satisfy user requirements, and improve system failover schemes. The implementation of such a monitoring system for monitoring data preservation nodes is also provided. The system including fault‐tolerance and notification functions supports full monitoring services for Storage Resource Broker (SRB) or integrated Rule‐Oriented Data System (iRODS) based systems. The experimental results show that the proposed framework is suitable for data preservation services and is robust and responsive when faced with system failures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calculation Model of Using Appropriate High Reactivity Coke in Blast Furnace
Authors: Wu Shengli , Sun Ying , Kou Mingyin , Shen Wei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe technology of using high reactivity coke in iron‐making process by blast furnace has been verified to promote the reduction of iron ore in the thermal reserve zone through theoretical analysis combined with experimental research. However, the absence of relative calculation model makes it difficult to determine the coke saving ability quantitatively and supply substantial guidance for industry. In present study, thermal reserve zone and high temperature zone are taken as investigation objects and a calculation model has been established to study the influences of high reactivity coke on reduction of iron oxide, shaft efficiency, and fuel rate. Combined with calculation model, the industrial practice is analyzed by concluding a new important index namely the proportion of high reactivity coke taking Boudouard reaction in the blast furnace (PCTBR for short). The results show that, introduction of high reactivity coke could reduce the temperature of the thermal reserve zone and promote the exothermic indirect reduction of FeO. The high reactivity coke reduces direct reduction, and decreases the heat consumption of high temperature zone by allocating the direct reduction region reasonably as well, which leads to a lower fuel rate. The fuel rate has been reduced by 16.84 kg tHM−1 when the high reactivity coke amount participating Boudouard reaction is 40 kg tHM−1. The PCTBR of WuJing coke and Ca‐rich coke is around 7.8%.
The role of hydrogen in a global sustainable energy strategy
Authors: Andrews John , Shabani Bahman 
Published: January 2014

This paper reviews the role envisaged for hydrogen energy within the context of global and national ‘sustainable’ energy strategies, that is, strategies seeking to address climate change imperatives and guarantee energy security. The focus is on studies conducted over the past 5 years. Reviews are provided in turn of the International Energy Agency's World Energy Outlook 2012; the 2012 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's special report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation; one of the first spatially disaggregated energy‐economic modeling studies of the role of hydrogen in a national economy using the MARKAL model; and a recent study into whether the world can rely just on energy efficiency and renewable energy alone. Some general guidelines for integrating hydrogen into sustainable energy futures are proposed. Key challenges facing hydrogen energy and technologies are identified and ways to overcome these barriers are suggested. Finally, some positive recent developments indicating that hydrogen energy might be on the verge of a comeback are described. WIREs Energy Environ 2014, 3:474–489. doi: 10.1002/wene.103This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Economics and Policy
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Systems and Infrastructure
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Climate and Environment
Two Modifications of (TeO)(HAsO4) and its Dehydration Product (Te3O3)(AsO4)2 – Three more Examples of Tellurium(IV) with a Fivefold Oxygen Coordination
Authors: Weil Matthias 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTwo modifications of (TeO)(HAsO4) were obtained by reacting tellurium dioxide with arsenic acid under boiling conditions (modification I, acid concentration 80 wt‐%) or under hydrothermal conditions (modification II, acid concentration 50 wt‐%). The crystal structures of the two modifications were determined from single‐crystal X‐ray data [modification I: P21/c, Z = 4, a = 7.4076(10), b = 5.9596(7), c = 9.5523(11) Å, β = 102.589(8)°, 2893 structure factors, 68 parameters, R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0247, wR2(F2 all) = 0.0530; modification II: P21/c, Z = 4, a = 6.2962(4), b = 4.7041(3), c = 13.9446(8) Å, β = 94.528(3)°, 2549 structure factors, 69 parameters, R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0207, wR2(F2 all) = 0.0462)]. Dehydration of (TeO)(HAsO4)‐II at temperatures above 260 °C results in the formation of polycrystalline (Te3O3)(AsO4)2. Single crystals of the anhydrous product were grown either by heating stoichiometric amounts of the binary oxides TeO2 and As2O5 in closed silica glass ampoules or with higher concentrated arsenic acid (80 wt‐%) under hydrothermal conditions at 220 °C. The common features in the crystal structures of (Te3O3)(AsO4)2 [P$\bar{1}$, Z = 4, a = 6.5548(4), b = 7.6281(6), c = 15.0464(15) Å, α = 140.212(6), β = 102.418(9)°, γ = 77.346(5)°, 5718 structure factors, 146 parameters, R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0351, wR2(F2 all) = 0. 1093] and in that of the two modifications of acidic (TeO)(HAsO4) are [TeO5] square‐pyramids and [AsO4] tetrahedra. In anhydrous (Te3O3)(AsO4)2 and in (TeO)(HAsO4)‐II, a layered arrangement of the building units is found, whereas in the (TeO)(HAsO4)‐I structure strands are formed. Different hydrogen bonding interactions are present in the two modifications of (TeO)(HAsO4).
A New Manganese(II) Coordination Polymer based on 1H‐benzimidazole‐5‐carboxylic Acid: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Property
Authors: Li Xia , Li Jing , Li Ming‐Kai , Fei Zhou 
Published: January 2014

Abstract A new MnII coordination polymer, namely [Mn3(Hbic)6]n (1) (H2bic = 1H‐benzimidazole‐5‐carboxylic acid), was obtained through the hydrothermal reaction of MnCl2 and H2bic. Single crystal X‐ray analysis reveals that compound 1 exhibits a 2D layer structure with 4‐connected sql topology by viewing trinuclear [Mn3(COO)6] subunits as nodes and Hbic ligands as linkers, and further packing of these 2D sheets by intermolecular hydrogen bonds leads to a 3D supramolecular framework. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that there exists antiferromagnetic interaction between the MnII ions.
Iminophosphoranyl Dichlorophosphines R3PNPCl2
Authors: Eckart Andreas , Lux Karin , Karaghiosoff Konstantin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe iminophosphoranyl dichlorophosphines Ph3PNPCl2 (2a), pTol3PNPCl2 (2b), and Cy3PNPCl2 (2c) were synthesized by reaction of trimethylsilyliminophosphoranes R3PNSiMe3 (R = Ph, pTol, Cy) with an equimolar amount of PCl3. The compounds 2b and 2c were isolated in pure form for the first time and characterized by 31P, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of the iminophosphoranyl dichlorophosphines 2a–c were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In all cases the P–Cl bonds are elongated due to the influence of the strong electron donating iminophosphoranyl group. Compounds 2a–c are the first iminophosphoranyl dichlorophosphines, which could be characterized by X‐ray diffraction studies.
The Structure of Social Exchange in Self‐help Support Groups: Development of a Measure
Authors: Brown Louis D. , Tang Xiaohui , Hollman Ruth L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSelf‐help support groups are indigenous community resources designed to help people manage a variety of personal challenges, from alcohol abuse to xeroderma pigmentosum. The social exchanges that occur during group meetings are central to understanding how people benefit from participation. This paper examines the different types of social exchange behaviors that occur during meetings, using two studies to develop empirically distinct scales that reliably measure theoretically important types of exchange. Resource theory informed the initial measurement development efforts. Exploratory factor analyses from the first study led to revisions in the factor structure of the social exchange scales. The revised measure captured the exchange of emotional support, experiential information, humor, unwanted behaviors, and exchanges outside meetings. Confirmatory factor analyses from a follow‐up study with a different sample of self‐help support groups provided good model fit, suggesting the revised structure accurately represented the data. Further, the scales demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity with related constructs. Future research can use the scales to identify aspects of social exchange that are most important in improving health outcomes among self‐help support group participants. Groups can use the scales in practice to celebrate strengths and address weaknesses in their social exchange dynamics.
Insufficient Referral for Genetic Counseling in the Management of Hereditary Haemochromatosis in Portugal: A Study of Perceptions of Health Professionals Requesting HFE Genotyping
Authors: Leandro Bruna , Paneque Milena , Sequeiros Jorge , Porto Graça 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThere is a general consensus that HFE‐ related Hereditary Haemochromatosis (HFE‐HH) should be diagnosed at early stages in pre‐symptomatic individuals, in order to prevent the most severe consequences of iron overload. In Portugal, despite an increasing number of requests for genetic diagnosis of this rare disease, there is not a corresponding increase in requests for genetic counselling. The objective of the present study was to evaluate physicians’ main motivations for requesting HFE genotyping or genetic counselling for HFE‐HH. We assessed current medical practices regarding family testing and diagnosis and discuss whether these can be improved in order to increase the effectiveness of disease prevention. Our results show there is a general lack of knowledge about the selection of patient cases that should be sent for genetic counseling or for molecular testing of HFE‐HH by physicians (especially by general practitioners). The lack of family‐based screening may indirectly compromise the efficiency of disease prevention in terms of early diagnosis and treatment. We concluded it is necessary to circulate more information about Hereditary Haemochromatosis among health professionals in order to improve strategies for its early diagnosis.
Balancing Life with an Increased Risk of Cancer: Lived Experiences in Healthy Individuals with Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Petersen Helle Vendel , Nilbert Mef , Bernstein Inge , Carlsson Christina 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPossibilities to undergo predictive genetic testing for cancer have expanded, which implies that an increasing number of healthy individuals will learn about cancer predisposition. Knowledge about how an increased risk of disease influences life in a long‐term perspective is largely unknown, which led us to explore lived experiences in healthy mutation carriers with Lynch syndrome. Individual interviews were subjected to descriptive phenomenological analysis. Four constitutions, namely, family context, interpretation and transformation, approach to risk and balancing life at risk were identified and formed the essence of the phenomenon “living with knowledge about risk.” Family context influences how experiences and knowledge are interpreted and transformed into thoughts and feelings, which relates to how risk is approached and handled. The constitutions influence each other in a dynamic relationship and create a balancing act between anxiety and worry and feelings of being safe and in control.
Points to Consider in the Clinical Use of NGS Panels for Mitochondrial Disease: An Analysis of Gene Inclusion and Consent Forms
Authors: Platt Julia , Cox Rachel , Enns Gregory M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMitochondrial next generation sequencing (NGS) panels offer single‐step analysis of the numerous nuclear genes involved in the structure, function, and maintenance of mitochondria. However, the complexities of mitochondrial biology and genetics raise points for consideration in clinical use of these tests. To understand the current status of mitochondrial genetic testing, we assessed the gene offerings and consent forms of mitochondrial NGS panels available from seven US‐based clinical laboratories. The NGS panels varied markedly in number of genes (101–1204 genes), and the proportion of genes causing “classic” mitochondrial diseases and their phenocopies ranged widely between labs (18 %–94 % of panel contents). All panels included genes not associated with classic mitochondrial diseases (6 %–28 % of panel contents), including genes causing adult‐onset neurodegenerative disorders, cancer predisposition, and other genetic syndromes or inborn errors of metabolism. Five of the panels included genes that are not listed in OMIM to be associated with a disease phenotype (5 %–49 % of panel contents). None of the consent documents reviewed had options for patient preference regarding receipt of incidental findings. These findings raise points of discussion applicable to mitochondrial diagnostics, but also to the larger arenas of exome and genome sequencing, including the need to consider the boundaries between clinical and research testing, the necessity of appropriate informed consent, and the responsibilities of clinical laboratories and clinicians. Based on these findings, we recommend careful evaluation by laboratories of the genes offered on NGS panels, clear communication of the predicted phenotypes, and revised consent forms to allow patients to make choices about receiving incidental findings. We hope that our analysis and recommendations will help to maximize the considerable clinical utility of NGS panels for the diagnosis of mitochondrial disease.
Types of Oilseed and Adipose Tissue Influence the Composition and Relationships of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation Products in Steers Fed a Grass Hay Diet
Authors: Mapiye C. , Aalhus J. L. , Turner T. D. , Rolland D. C. , Basarab J. A. , Baron V. S. , McAllister T. A. , Block H. C. , Proctor S. D. , Dugan M. E. R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe current study evaluated the composition and relationships of polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products (PUFA‐BHP) from the perirenal (PRF) and subcutaneous fat (SCF) of yearling steers fed a 70 % grass hay diet with concentrates containing either sunflower‐seed (SS) or flaxseed (FS). Analysis of variance indicated several groups or families of structurally related FA, and individual FA within these were affected by a number of novel oilseed by fat depot interactions (P < 0.05). Feeding diets containing SS increased the proportions of non‐conjugated 18:2 BHP (i.e., atypical dienes, AD) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) with the first double bond from carbon 7 to 9, trans‐18:1 isomers with double bonds from carbon 6 to 12, and these PUFA‐BHP had greater proportions in SCF compared to PRF (P < 0.05). Enrichment of conjugated linolenic acids, AD and CLA isomers with the first double bond in position 11 or 12, and t‐18:1 isomers with double bonds from carbon 13 to 16 were achieved by feeding diets containing FS, with PRF having greater proportions than SCF (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis visually confirmed interaction effects on these groups/families of FA, and further confirmed or suggested a number of relationships between PUFA‐BHP. Feeding SS or FS in a grass hay diet and exploiting adipose tissue differences, therefore, present unique opportunities to differentially enrich a number of PUFA‐BHP which seem to have positive health potential in humans (i.e., t11‐18:1, c9,t11‐18:2 and c9,t11,c15‐18:3).
‘Cobrançosa’ Olive Oil and Drupe: Chemical Composition at Two Ripening Stages
Authors: Sousa Cláudia , Gouvinhas Irene , Barreira Diana , Carvalho Maria Teresa , Vilela Alice , Lopes João , Martins‐Lopes Paula , Barros Ana I. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe chemical composition and organoleptic characteristics of olive oils may be influenced by genotype and some agronomic factors like olive drupe harvesting date. The aim of this work was to study the influence of olive ripening stage on chemical parameters and the organoleptic profile of fruits and oils of one of the main olive Portuguese cultivars (Cobrançosa). Six different Cobrançosa clones, which were harvested at two different ripening stages in the same olive growing area, were analyzed to evaluate phenolic compounds, ortho‐diphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity and were characterized in terms of sensorial parameters. These clones have also been classified according to the yield of production. The lowest values in phenolic content, ortho‐diphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity occurred always in the same clone (110) in both ripening stages in olive fruits and olive oil. This clone has been previously identified as low yield. Also, the results revealed significant correlations between total phenolics and antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.932, P < 0.0001), between ortho‐diphenols and antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.9445, P < 0.0001) and between flavonoids and antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.9263, P < 0.0001) on olive oil samples. The sensorial parameters that have been affected in olive oils were herbaceous aroma and flavor, and bitter taste that increased with the ripening process.
Coresidence With Husband’s Parents, Labor Supply, and Duration to First Birth
Authors: Chu C. Y. Cyrus , Kim Seik , Tsay Wen-Jen 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article investigates the time to first birth, treating coresidence with husband’s parents and labor supply as endogenous and using representative data on Taiwanese married women born during 1933–1968. We use a full-information maximum likelihood estimator for a duration model with endogenous binary variables. Results controlling for endogeneity suggest that both coresidence and working are associated with a delay in childbearing, reversing the effect of coresidence on the timing of first birth but not that of working. Women in earlier cohorts tend to choose coresidency and not working, and an increasing number of women from later cohorts choose to do both or to work only.
Childbearing Across Partnerships in Australia, the United States, Norway, and Sweden
Authors: Thomson Elizabeth , Lappegård Trude , Carlson Marcia , Evans Ann , Gray Edith 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article compares mothers’ experience of having children with more than one partner in two liberal welfare regimes (the United States and Australia) and two social democratic regimes (Sweden and Norway). We use survey-based union and birth histories in Australia and the United States and data from national population registers in Norway and Sweden to estimate the likelihood of experiencing childbearing across partnerships at any point in the childbearing career. We find that births with new partners constitute a substantial proportion of all births in each country we study. Despite quite different arrangements for social welfare, the determinants of childbearing across partnerships are very similar. Women who had their first birth at a very young age or who are less well-educated are most likely to have children with different partners. The educational gradient in childbearing across partnerships is also consistently negative across countries, particularly in contrast to educational gradients in childbearing with the same partner. The risk of childbearing across partnerships increased dramatically in all countries from the 1980s to the 2000s, and educational differences also increased, again, in both liberal and social democratic welfare regimes.
Impact of transrectal prostate needle biopsy on erectile function: Results of power Doppler ultrasonography of the prostate
Authors: Tuncel Altug , Toprak Ugur , Balci Melih , Koseoglu Ersin , Aksoy Yagiz , Karademir Alp , Atan Ali 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe evaluated the impact of transrectal prostate needle biopsy (TPNB) on erectile function and on the prostate and bilateral neurovascular bundles using power Doppler ultrasonography imaging of the prostate. The study consisted of 42 patients who had undergone TPNB. Erectile function was evaluated prior to the biopsy, and in the 3rd month after the biopsy using the first five‐item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5). Prior to and 3 months after the biopsy, the resistivity index of the prostate parenchyma and both neurovascular bundles was measured. The mean age of the men was 64.2 (47–78) years. Prior to TPNB, 10 (23.8%) patients did not have erectile dysfunction (ED) and 32 (76.2%) patients had ED. The mean IIEF‐5 score was 20.8 (range: 2–25) prior to the biopsies, and the mean IIEF‐5 score was 17.4 (range: 5–25; p < 0.001) after 3 months. For patients who were previously potent in the pre‐biopsy period, the ED rate was 40% (n = 4/10) at the 3rd month evaluation. In these patients, all the resistivity index values were significantly decreased. Our results showed that TPNB may lead to an increased risk of ED. The presence of ED in men after TPNB might have an organic basis.