Abstract IA08: Clinical trial design and master protocols in NCI clinical treatment trials.
Authors: Mooney Margaret M. , Welch Jack , Abrams Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Cancer medicine continues to evolve into a more molecularly based discipline with many new treatments being developed aimed at specific cancer-related pathways and genetic alterations. In order to meet the challenges of the evolving science, new clinical trial designs and approaches for treatment trials are needed to evaluate the promise of these potential therapies. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) with the national NCI Clinical Trials Network (NCTN) Groups will launch two clinical research initiatives in lung cancer in 2014 that demonstrate innovative approaches to the design and conduct of clinical trials.
The first initiative is the ALCHEMIST trial (Adjuvant Lung Cancer Enrichment Marker Identification and Sequencing Trial) which is aimed at patients with lung adenocarcinoma that has been entirely removed by surgery. In this study, samples of tumor tissue from thousands of patients will be tested for two specific genetic alterations, one in the EGFR gene, and the other in the ALK gene. These alterations are not common; about 10% of the lung cancer patient population in the US will have tumors with alterations in the EGFR gene and 5% will have alterations in the ALK gene. Rather than conduct a single trial for each alteration, the screening component of the ALCHEMIST trial will screen patients for both alterations at the same time. The ALCHEMIST is connected to 2 specific NCI-supported NCTN Group clinical treatment trials that are each testing a targeted agent specific for one of the alterations in conjunction with adjuvant therapy. Patients found to have tumors containing one of the alterations will be offered enrollment onto the appropriate clinical treatment trial. Every patient in the ALCHEMIST trial, including those without an EGFR or ALK alteration, will also be studied for cancer risk characteristics and their tumor tissue will be analyzed in a research genomics initiative conducted by the NCI Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG). This effort will employ next-generation sequencing technology to capitalize on the foundation of the CCG's earlier effort, the Cancer Genome Atlas.
The second initiative, the Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lung Master Protocol, is a public-private effort made possible through collaboration with stakeholders including the NCI, NCTN Groups, FDA, NIH Foundation, the Friends of Cancer patient advocacy group, and the pharmaceutical industry. By pooling resources to screen tumor samples from about a thousand patients per year with advanced squamous cell carcinoma for multiple genetic alterations, this master protocol will enable several, randomized, phase II clinical trials with promising new agents to take place in parallel within a single study management framework. Agents will be evaluated rapidly and either be further evaluated in a phase III clinical trial or replaced by other new agents for phase II evaluation, without having to develop individual trials de novo each time.
Compared with the usual process of developing clinical trials, these two new design approaches will hopefully allow more patients to be enrolled in trials with agents targeted for important molecular characteristics specific for their tumors and the trials will yield clinically useful results more rapidly.
Citation Format: Margaret M. Mooney, Jack Welch, Jeffrey S. Abrams. Clinical trial design and master protocols in NCI clinical treatment trials. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr IA08.