bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of multi-colored LED system for therapeutic application
Authors: Kim Ji-Sun , Jung Gu-In , Choi Ju-Hyeon , Lee Tae-Hee , Kim A-Hee , Oh Han-Byeol , Kwon Yuri , Lee Eun-Suk , Cho Yeong Bin , Jun Jae-Hoon 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND: The evaluation and control of lighting is crucial in physiological, biomedical, and industrial fields. Many kinds of lighting techniques based on LED have been developed due to its advantages. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to develop the multi-colored LED system for healing purposes. METHODS: Light source with three-color chip LEDs was investigated to detect the dominant wavelength. RESULTS: The results show that the additive principle by three-color LEDs can be successfully applied to lighting system by generating a variety of colors. CONCLUSIONS: The results are expected to be useful in the field of light therapy and medicine. Applications of the developed light system are lighting therapies such as stimulating blood circulation and digestive processes, and controlling inflammation.
Biomechanical analysis of the circular friction hand massage
Authors: Ryu Jeseong , Son Jongsang , Ahn Soonjae , Shin Isu , Kim Youngho 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND: A massage can be beneficial to relieve muscle tension on the neck and shoulder area. Various massage systems have been developed, but their motions are not uniform throughout different body parts nor specifically targeted to the neck and shoulder areas. OBJECTIVE: Pressure pattern and finger movement trajectories of the circular friction hand massage on trapezius, levator scapulae, and deltoid muscles were determined to develop a massage system that can mimic the motion and the pressure of the circular friction massage. METHODS: During the massage, finger movement trajectories were measured using a 3D motion capture system, and finger pressures were simultaneously obtained using a grip pressure sensor. RESULTS: Results showed that each muscle had different finger movement trajectory and pressure pattern. The trapezius muscle experienced a higher pressure, longer massage time (duration of pressurization), and larger pressure-time integral than the other muscles. CONCLUSIONS: These results could be useful to design a better massage system simulating human finger movements.
The respiratory ciliary motion produced by dynein activity alone: A computational model of ciliary ultrastructure
Authors: Chen Duanduan , Ren Jun , Mei Yuqian , Xu Yuanqing 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND: Respiratory ciliary motion is enabled by dynein/microtubule activity. Current observation techniques can hardly capture the dynein activation pattern in moving cilia. Here we introduce a computational model to mimic the ciliary ultrastructure and simulate the dynein-driven ciliary motion. METHODS: A three-dimensional model is established to mimic the ``9 + 2'' ciliary ultrastructure. The dynein force is simulated as point loads embedded along the microtubules. The dynein-triggered ciliary motion is solved by using the Finite Element Method along with grid deformation techniques. RESULTS: By comparing the simulated ciliary movement to the observation results, the rationality of different dynein activity hypotheses are evaluated and the dynein activation pattern that can produce the planar beating of lung cilia is proposed. The results also reveal that the dynein force alone can only generate longitudinal microtubule sliding and ciliary bending; to produce the ciliary `curl-up' movement, transverse forces(possibly induced by radial spokes) need to be considered. CONCLUSION: This model provides a platform to investigate various assumptions of dynein activity, facilitating us to evaluate their rationality and propose possible dynein activation patterns.
Design study of dedicated brain PET with polyhedron geometry
Authors: Shi Han , Du Dong , Xu JianFeng , Su Zhihong , Peng Qiyu 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND: Despite being the conventional choice, whole body PET cameras with a 76 cm diameter ring are not the optimal means of human brain imaging. OBJECTIVE: In fact, a dedicated brain PET with a better geometrical structure has the potential to achieve a higher sensitivity, a higher signal-to-noise ratio, and a better imaging performance. METHODS: In this study, a polyhedron geometrical dedicated brain PET (a dodecahedron design) is compared to three other candidates via their geometrical efficiencies by calculating the Solid Angle Fractions (SAF); the three other candidates include a spherical cap design, a cylindrical design, and the conventional whole body PET. RESULTS: The spherical cap and the dodecahedron have an identical SAF that is 58.4% higher than that of a 30 cm diameter cylinder and 5.44 times higher than that of a 76 cm diameter cylinder. The conceptual polygon-shape detectors (including pentagon and hexagon detectors based on the PMT-light-sharing scheme instead of the conventional square-shaped block detector module) are presented for the polyhedron PET design. Monte Carlo simulations are performed in order to validate the detector decoding. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that crystals in a pentagon-shape detector can be successfully decoded by Anger Logic. The new detector designs support the polyhedron PET investigation.
Exosomes serve as tumour markers for personalized diagnostics owing to their important role in cancer metastasis
Authors: An Taixue , Qin Sihua , Xu Yong , Tang Yueting , Huang Yiyao , Situ Bo , Inal Jameel M. , Zheng Lei 
Published: June 2015

Exosomes, membrane vesicles of 40–100 nm in diameter, are derived from endosomes in various cells. The bioactive molecules specifically packed into exosomes can be horizontally transferred into recipient cells changing their biological properties, by which tumour cells continuously modify their surrounding microenvironment and distant target cells favouring cancer metastasis. It has been suspected for a long time that exosomes participate in the whole process of tumour metastasis. Although there is much unknown and many controversies in the role of cancer exosome, the major contribution of tumour‐associated exosomes to different steps of cancer metastasis are demonstrated in this review. Mainly because these exosomes are easily accessible and capable of representing their parental cells, exosomes draw much attention as a promising biomarker for tumour screening, diagnosis and prognosis. Currently, researchers have found numerous biomarkers in exosomes with great potential to be utilized in personalized medicine. In this article, we summarize the roles of biomarkers, which are validated by clinical samples. Even though many conundrums remain, such as exosome extraction, large multicentre validation of biomarkers and data interpretation, exosomes are certain to be used in clinical practice in the near future as the field rapidly expands.
Immunology of a Transmissible Cancer Spreading among Tasmanian Devils
Authors: Woods Gregory M. , Howson Lauren J. , Brown Gabriella K. , Tovar Cesar , Kreiss Alexandre , Corcoran Lynn M. , Lyons A. Bruce 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) is a transmissible cancer that has killed most of the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrissii) population. Since the first case appeared in the mid-1990s, it has spread relentlessly across the Tasmanian devil’s geographic range. As Tasmanian devils only exist in Tasmania, Australia, DFTD has the potential to cause extinction of this species. The origin of DFTD was a Schwann cell from a female devil. The disease is transmitted when devils bite each other around the facial areas, a behavior synonymous with this species. Every devil that is ‘infected’ with DFTD dies from the cancer. Once the DFTD cells have been transmitted, they appear to develop into a cancer without inducing an immune response. The DFTD cancer cells avoid allogeneic recognition because they do not express MHC class I molecules on the cell surface. A reduced genetic diversity and the production of immunosuppressive cytokines may also contribute.
Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells and Fixed Immune Surveillance in Nonlymphoid Organs
Authors: Carbone Francis R. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
T cell immunity is often defined in terms of memory lymphocytes that use the blood to access a range of organs. T cells are involved in two patterns of recirculation. In one, the cells shuttle back and forth between blood and secondary lymphoid organs, whereas in the second, memory cells recirculate between blood and nonlymphoid tissues. The latter is a means by which blood T cells control peripheral infection. It is now clear that there exists a distinct memory T cell subset that is absent from blood but found within nonlymphoid tissues. These nonrecirculating tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells develop within peripheral compartments and never spread beyond their point of lodgement. This review examines fixed immune surveillance by TRM cells, highlighting features that make them potent controllers of infection in nonlymphoid tissues. These features provide clues about TRM cell specialization, such as their ability to deal with sequestered, persisting infections confined to peripheral compartments.
Cold-Water Immersion for Hyperthermic Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms
Authors: Miller Kevin C. , Swartz Erik E. , Long Blaine C. 
Published: June 2015

Context
Current treatment recommendations for American football players with exertional heatstroke are to remove clothing and equipment and immerse the body in cold water. It is unknown if wearing a full American football uniform during cold-water immersion (CWI) impairs rectal temperature (Trec) cooling or exacerbates hypothermic afterdrop.

Objective
To determine the time to cool Trec from 39.5°C to 38.0°C while participants wore a full American football uniform or control uniform during CWI and to determine the uniform's effect on Trec recovery postimmersion.

Design
Crossover study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 18 hydrated, physically active, unacclimated men (age = 22 ± 3 years, height = 178.8 ± 6.8 cm, mass = 82.3 ± 12.6 kg, body fat = 13% ± 4%, body surface area = 2.0 ± 0.2 m2).

Intervention(s)
Participants wore the control uniform (undergarments, shorts, crew socks, tennis shoes) or full uniform (control plus T-shirt; tennis shoes; jersey; game pants; padding over knees, thighs, and tailbone; helmet; and shoulder pads). They exercised (temperature approximately 40°C, relative humidity approximately 35%) until Trec reached 39.5°C. They removed their T-shirts and shoes and were then immersed in water (approximately 10°C) while wearing each uniform configuration; time to cool Trec to 38.0°C (in minutes) was recorded. We measured Trec (°C) every 5 minutes for 30 minutes after immersion.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Time to cool from 39.5°C to 38.0°C and Trec.

Results
The Trec cooled to 38.0°C in 6.19 ± 2.02 minutes in full uniform and 8.49 ± 4.78 minutes in control uniform (t17 = −2.1, P = .03; effect size = 0.48) corresponding to cooling rates of 0.28°C·min−1 ± 0.12°C·min−1 in full uniform and 0.23°C·min−1 ± 0.11°C·min−1 in control uniform (t17 = 1.6, P = .07, effect size = 0.44). The Trec postimmersion recovery did not differ between conditions over time (F1,17 = 0.6, P = .59).

Conclusions
We speculate that higher skin temperatures before CWI, less shivering, and greater conductive cooling explained the faster cooling in full uniform. Cooling rates were considered ideal when the full uniform was worn during CWI, and wearing the full uniform did not cause a greater postimmersion hypothermic afterdrop. Clinicians may immerse football athletes with hyperthermia wearing a full uniform without concern for negatively affecting body-core cooling.
Kinesio Tape and Shoulder-Joint Position Sense
Authors: Aarseth Lindsay M. , Suprak David N. , Chalmers Gordon R. , Lyon Lonnie , Dahlquist Dylan T. 
Published: June 2015

Context
Joint position sense (JPS) is a key neuromuscular factor for developing and maintaining control of muscles around a joint. It is important when performing specialized tasks, especially at the shoulder. No researchers have studied how Kinesio Tape (KT) application affects JPS.

Objective
To investigate the effects of KT application and no tape on shoulder JPS at increasing shoulder elevations in athletes.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 27 healthy athletes who did not participate in overhead sports (age = 20.44 ± 1.05 years, height = 175.02 ± 11.67 cm, mass = 70.74 ± 9.65 kg) with no previous pathologic shoulder conditions volunteered for the study. All participants were from 1 university.

Intervention(s)
Shoulder JPS was assessed at increasing elevations with and without KT application. Participants attempted to actively replicate 3 target positions with and without the KT and without visual guidance.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We examined absolute and variable repositioning errors at increasing shoulder-elevation levels with and without KT application.

Results
Data revealed an interaction between tape and position for absolute error (F2,52 = 4.07, P = .02); simple effects revealed an increase in error, with KT demonstrating a 2.65° increase in error at 90° of elevation compared with no tape (t26 = 2.65, P = .01). The effect size was medium (ω2 = .135). Variable error showed no interaction of tape and position (F2,52 = .709, P = .50). Further analysis of simple effects was not needed. However, we still calculated the effect size and observed small effect sizes for tape (ω2 = .002), position (ω2 = .072), and tape by position (ω2 = .027).

Conclusions
At 90° of elevation, shoulder JPS was impaired by the application of KT.
COMBINED NUMERICAL FINITE ELEMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTIMIZATION APPROACH IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF MEDIUM-VOLTAGE, RUBBER-INSULATED ELECTRIC CABLES VULCANIZED WITH STEAM WATER. PART 2: NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS AND INVERSE ANALYSES
Authors: Milani G. , Milani F. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
A comprehensive, combined, numerical model is presented, based on genetic algorithm (GA) optimization and heat-transfer finite-element computations. The numerical analyses were carried out to evaluate the final cross-linking degree of a medium-voltage electric cable subjected to industrial peroxide reticulation. The difference between numerically predicted and experimentally determined cross-linking degree along the thickness of the insulator is then minimized, when a variable steam-temperature profile along the pipe length is assumed to explain the unexpected undervulcanization of the cable in the internal layers. To minimize the gap between the experimentally determined degree of curing and numerical predictions, a GA optimization is used for best fit, instead of the steepest-descendent, standard least-squares, which is not applicable in this case because the objective function is not analytically known. The cable was supposedly vulcanized under four different conditions. The degree of cross-linking is experimentally obtained by determining the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the nondecomposed peroxide from the external layer to the core of the cable. The proposed GA approach exploits a specifically crafted, zooming strategy, consisting of the subdivision of the population at each iteration into two subgroups, depending on the individual's grade of fitness (elitist strategy). The integrated, numerical, experimental approach allows optimization of the amount of peroxide in the compound and comparison of the performances of different peroxide mixtures. The degree of cross-linking compliance can be obtained as a function of the temperature gradient measured in the steam pipe. Production conditions can be automatically calculated according to the cable parameters, by increasing the quality reliability and reducing the scraps.
“The Shadows of the Evening Stretched Out”
Authors: Angell Stephen W. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Richard Robinson was an important and neglected figure in the early history of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. The AME Church's success in its first forty-six years of existence should be attributed partly to Robinson's wise, patient, and steady long-term leadership. This study examines his conversion and call to the ministry. It closely analyzes his interest in transnational ministry, especially his mission work in Haiti. In addition, it pays attention to his role as a pastor and mentor to other clergy, the limitations to which his lack of literacy subjected him, his cautious antislavery activity, and the impetus to civil rights activity caused by Robinson's sudden demise while riding a segregated Philadelphia streetcar. The article also examines methodological limitations relating to working with illiterate subjects. Robinson's combination of idealism in education, commitment to transnational ministry, and pragmatism in politics helped to shape the AME Church for generations to come.
James Baldwin's Decolonial Love as Religious Orientation
Authors: Drexler-Dreis Joseph 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this article, I use the concept of decolonial love to synthesize the religious and theological dimensions of James Baldwin's work. I argue that Baldwin's decolonial love functions as an ultimate orientation within his work, and that decolonial love is an orientation and a praxis that is a form of revelation. The revelatory capacity of decolonial love, which particularly comes out of the lived experiences on the underside of Western modernity, catalyzes what Baldwin refers to as salvation. I show this, first, by engaging Baldwin's decolonial love as a response to the way coloniality manifests itself in the United States and, second, by engaging Baldwin's response to coloniality—that is, decolonial love—as a religious response.
The Violence of Translation
Authors: Jefferson-Tatum Elana 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The study of African religious cultures has long been hindered by inadequate “translational resources,” to use Robin Horton's phrase, that privilege Western and Christian normative social standards over local ideologies. Biased Western translational practices not only reflect the problems inherent to interpreting the Other but also do discursive violence to African embodied experiences. Tracing this violence of translation through a case-study analysis of Edna Bay's Wives of the Leopard (1998), this article interrogates Bay's assertion that “prostitution” was an institutionalized practice in the precolonial Dahomean kingdom. Through an analysis of primary documents, linguistic studies, and secondary historical and theoretical sources, this study finds that Euro-Western gender assumptions may conceal the inner workings of African social institutions and that European travelers' musings about African “whores” are inadequate evidence of “prostitution.” Devising an alternative interpretation of the Dahomean royal social institution, this article instead suggests the operation of an indigenous matrimony system.
Over de rol van leemtes in de wet bij de ontwikkeling van concordante rechtspraak
Authors: Lewin G.C.C. 
Published: June 2015

Over de rol van leemtes in de wet bij de ontwikkeling van concordante rechtspraak
In welke gevallen ontwikkelt de burgerlijk rechter in het Caribische deel van het Koninkrijk concordante rechtspraak? Schr. onderzoekt deze vraag aan de hand van rechtspraak over de begrippen ‘leemte in de wet’ en ‘concordantie van rechtspraak’. De conclusie is dat leemtes in de wet er in soorten en maten zijn en dat de aard van de leemte in de wet in sommige gevallen direct of indirect gezichtspunten kan opleveren die van belang zijn bij de beoordeling van deze vraag.
Doorwerking van het Europees recht in de Arubaanse rechtsorde
Authors: Luk N.C. 
Published: June 2015

Doorwerking van het Europees recht in de Arubaanse rechtsorde. Over de personele werking van de VEU en VWEU in verhouding tot het Nederlanderschap op Aruba
In dit artikel verdedigt de auteur het standpunt dat het Europees recht doorwerkt in de rechtsordes van landen en gebieden overzee. Aan de hand van twee argumenten – de personele werking van het Europees burgerschap en de uniforme toepassing van de RWN – wordt deze doorwerking onderbouwd voor het Nederlanderschap op Aruba. Verder wordt aangetoond dat deze doorwerking belangrijke gevolgen heeft voor de Arubaanse rechtsorde. In het bijzonder wordt gewezen op de bijkomende bevoegdheid van Arubaanse rechters om prejudiciële vragen te stellen aan het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie.
De tolk in het strafproces op Aruba
Authors: Paul S.V.V. 
Published: June 2015

De tolk in het strafproces op Aruba: aanbevelingen voor de wetgever en de praktijk
Het recht van een verdachte op kosteloze bijstand van een tolk is van groot belang, aangezien de Arubaanse samenleving zeer multicultureel is en taalbarrières in de rechtszaal frequent voorkomen. Vragen die in dit artikel besproken worden zijn onder andere: wie is een tolk, welke stukken moeten voor de verdachte vertolkt/vertaald worden en vanaf wanneer ontstaat het recht van de verdachte op kosteloze bijstand van een tolk? De conclusie die wordt getrokken is dat de regeling van de kosteloze bijstand van een tolk in artikel 348 lid 1 ASv slechts in beperkte mate voldoet aan de eisen van artikel 6 EVRM. De wetgever is aan zet om dit recht in het nieuwe Wetboek van Strafvordering van Aruba op afdoende wijze te codificeren.
Toerekening van kennis van een gevolmachtigde - een verkenning van artikel 3:66 lid 2 BW
Authors: Katan B.M. 
Published: June 2015

Toerekening van kennis van een gevolmachtigde – een verkenning van artikel 3:66 lid 2 BW
Over de toepassing van de leer van het grootste aandeel, zoals vervat in artikel 3:66 lid 2 BW, bestaat veel onduidelijkheid. De auteur geeft antwoord op zes vragen over de werking van artikel 3:66 lid 2 BW en signaleert onjuiste toepassingen van deze bepaling in de rechtspraak.
Tegen fraude is geen bankgarantie opgewassen
Authors: Spanjaard J.H.M. 
Published: June 2015

Tegen fraude is geen bankgarantie opgewassen
De bankgarantie is een verbintenisrechtelijke zekerheidsfiguur, die de begunstigde aanspraak geeft jegens een bank op uitbetaling van een doorgaans door een derde verschuldigd bedrag. Indien aan de voorwaarden van de bankgarantie is voldaan, is de bank in beginsel gehouden tot uitkering over te gaan. De bank mag uitkering weigeren op grond van de beperkende werking van de redelijkheid en billijkheid, voornamelijk indien sprake is van bedrog of willekeur. In het Amstelpark-arrest, dat in deze bijdrage centraal staat, oordeelde de Hoge Raad dat bedrog of willekeur niet uitsluitend door de opdrachtgever of begunstigde hoeft te zijn bewerkstelligd, maar dat ook bedrog of willekeur van een betrokken derde tot weigering van uitkering kan leiden.
Law and Functionalism: The Limited Function of Law
Authors: van Roermund Bert 
Published: June 2015

Law and Functionalism: The Limited Function of Law
This paper raises two methodological questions from a philosophical perspective: (i) what is involved in a functionalist approach to law and (ii) what should be the focus of such an approach? To answer these questions, I will take two steps with both. To begin with, I argue that Pettit’s view on functionalist approaches may be made relevant for law; functionalist accounts target a virtual mechanism that explains why a system will be resilient under changes in either the system or its environment. Secondly, I make a distinction between two interpretations of his key-concept ‘resilience’, one in mechanical, the other in teleological terms. With regard to the second question I will take two steps as well. I argue why it does not make sense to ascribe wide functions to law, followed by a plea for a limited view on the function of law. This limited view is based on a teleological understanding of the law’s resilience. I argue that these two modes are interrelated in ways that are relevant for the interdisciplinary study of law.