bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum dot cascade laser
Authors: Zhuo Ning , Liu Feng Qi , Zhang Jin Chuan , Wang Li Jun , Liu Jun Qi , Zhai Shen Qiang , Wang Zhan Guo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We demonstrated an unambiguous quantum dot cascade laser based on InGaAs/GaAs/InAs/InAlAs heterostructure by making use of self-assembled quantum dots in the Stranski-Krastanow growth mode and two-step strain compensation active region design. The prototype generates stimulated emission at λ ~ 6.15 μm and a broad electroluminescence band with full width at half maximum over 3 μm. The characteristic temperature for the threshold current density within the temperature range of 82 to 162 K is up to 400 K. Moreover, our materials show the strong perpendicular mid-infrared response at about 1,900 cm-1. These results are very promising for extending the present laser concept to terahertz quantum cascade laser, which would lead to room temperature operation.

PACS

42.55.Px; 78.55.Cr; 78.67.Hc
Spray-coated nanoscale conductive patterns based on in situ sintered silver nanoparticle inks
Authors: Zheng Yifan , Li Shuguang , Shi Wei , Yu Junsheng 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Nanoscale patterns with high conductivity based on silver nanoparticle inks were fabricated using spray coating method. Through optimizing the solution content and spray operation, accurate nanoscale patterns consisting of silver nanoparticles with a square resistance lower than 1 Ω /cm2 were obtained. By incorporating in situ sintering to substitute the general post sintering process, the time consumption could be significantly reduced to one sixth, qualifying it for large-scale and cost-effective fabrication of printed electronics. To testify the application of spray-coated silver nanoparticle inks, an inverted polymer solar cell was also fabricated, which exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 2.76%.
Carboxymethyl chitosan-folic acid-conjugated Fe3O4@SiO2 as a safe and targeting antitumor nanovehicle in vitro
Authors: Li Hongmei , Li Zhen , Zhao Jin , Tang Baoqiang , Chen Yanhong , Hu Yikun , He Zhengda , Wang Yue 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A synthetic method to prepare a core-shell-structured Fe3O4@SiO2 as a safe nanovehicle for tumor cell targeting has been developed. Superparamagnetic iron oxide is encapsulated inside nonporous silica as the core to provide magnetic targeting. Carboxymethyl chitosan-folic acid (OCMCS-FA) synthesized through coupling folic acid (FA) with OCMCS is then covalently linked to the silica shell and renders new and improved functions because of the original biocompatible properties of OCMCS and the targeting efficacy of FA. Cellular uptake of the nanovehicle was assayed by confocal laser scanning microscope using rhodamine B (RB) as a fluorescent marker in HeLa cells. The results show that the surface modification of the core-shell silica nanovehicle with OCMCS-FA enhances the internalization of nanovehicle to HeLa cells which over-express the folate receptor. The cell viability assay demonstrated that Fe3O4@SiO2-OCMCS-FA nanovehicle has low toxicity and can be used as an eligible candidate for drug delivery system. These unique advantages make the prepared core-shell nanovehicle promising for cancer-specific targeting and therapy.
Non-data-aided ML SNR estimation for AWGN channels with deterministic interference
Authors: Chen Fangjiong , Kang Yabing , Yu Hua , Ji Fei 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Communication channels not only suffer from ambient noise but also from deterministic interference. In this paper, we consider signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation in the presence of constant deterministic interference. A maximum likelihood (ML) non-data-aided algorithm is proposed for SNR estimation. We first consider a real-valued model and then extend this to a complex-valued model. The proposed algorithm applies an iterative approach initialized with approximate closed form estimates so as to guarantee stability and convergence. Furthermore, the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) is also derived as the theoretical limit of the jitter variance. Computer simulations based on pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) sources show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is close to the CRB.
A new method for the comparison of 1H NMR predictors based on tree-similarity of spectra
Authors: Castillo Andrés M , Bernal Andrés , Patiny Luc , Wist Julien 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A methodology based on spectral similarity is presented that allows to compare NMR predictors without the recourse to assigned experimental spectra, thereby making the task of benchmarking NMR predictors less tedious, faster, and less prone to human error. This approach was used to compare four popular NMR predictors using a dataset of 1000 molecules and their corresponding experimental spectra. The results found were consistent with those obtained by directly comparing deviations between predicted and experimental shifts.
Factors influencing polymerase chain reaction outcomes in patients with clinically suspected ocular tuberculosis
Authors: Balne Praveen Kumar , Modi Rohit Ramesh , Choudhury Nuzhat , Mohan Neha , Barik Manas Ranjan , Padhi Tapas Ranjan , Sharma Savitri , Panigrahi Satya Ranjan , Basu Soumyava 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay can be a useful method for definitive diagnosis in paucibacillary infections such as ocular tuberculosis (TB). In this study, we have evaluated factors affecting PCR outcomes in patients with clinically suspected ocular TB. Patients with clinically suspected ocular TB were investigated by PCR of aqueous or vitreous samples. Three control groups were also tested: group 1 included culture-proven non-tuberculous endophthalmitis, group 2 culture-negative non-tuberculous endophthalmitis, and group 3 patients undergoing surgery for uncomplicated cataract. PCR targeted one or more of following targets: IS6110, MPB64, and protein b genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Multiple regression analysis (5% level of significance) was done to evaluate the associations between positive PCR outcome and laterality of disease, tuberculin skin test (TST)/interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), chest radiography, and type of sample (aqueous or vitreous). The main outcome measures were positive PCR by one or more gene targets, and factors influencing positive PCR outcomes.

Results
All 114 samples were tested for MPB64, 110 for protein b, and 88 for IS6110. MPB64 was positive in 70.2% (n = 80) of tested samples, protein b in 40.0% (n = 44), and IS6110 in only 9.1% (n = 8). DNA sequencing of amplicons from four randomly chosen PCR reactions showed homology for M. tuberculosis complex. Of the 80 PCR-positive patients, 71 completed a full course of antitubercular therapy, of which 65 patients (91.5%) had complete resolution of inflammation at final follow-up. Among controls, 12.5% (3 out of 24) in group 1 and 18.7% (6 out of 32) in group 2 also tested positive by PCR. No PCR-positive outcome was observed in control group 3 (n = 25). Multiple regression analysis revealed significant association of positive PCR outcome with bilateral presentation, but not with a positive TST/IGRA, chest radiography, or type of sample (aqueous/vitreous) used.

Conclusions
Careful selection of gene targets can yield high PCR positivity in clinically suspected ocular TB. Bilateral disease presentation but not any evidence of latent systemic TB influences PCR outcomes. False-positive results may be seen in ocular inflammation unrelated to ocular TB.
Are alternative livelihood projects effective at reducing local threats to specified elements of biodiversity and/or improving or maintaining the conservation status of those elements?: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Roe Dilys , Day Mike , Booker Francesca , Zhou Wen , Allebone-Webb Sophie , Kümpel Noëlle , Hill Nicholas A O , Wright Juliet , Rust Niki , Sunderland Terry CH , Redford Kent , Petrokofsky Gillian 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background
Alternative livelihood projects are used by a variety of organisations as a tool for achieving conservation results. Yet these interventions, including their objectives, vary a great deal, and there is no single accepted definition of what constitutes an alternative livelihood project. In addition, very little is known about what impacts, if any, alternative livelihoods projects have had on biodiversity conservation, as well as what determines the success or failure of these interventions. Reflecting this concern, a resolution was passed at the IUCN World Conservation Congress in 2012 calling for a critical review of the benefits to biodiversity of alternative livelihood projects. This systematic review is intended to contribute to this resolution.

Methods/Design
This protocol details the methodology for exploring the research question: Are alternative livelihood projects effective at reducing local threats to specified elements of biodiversity and/or improving or maintaining the conservation status of those elements? The aim of this proposed systematic review is to provide an overview for researchers, policy makers and practitioners of the current state of the evidence base. To undertake this, the systematic review will explore peer-reviewed research from the bibliographic databases SCOPUS, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts, AGRIS and AGRICOLA using search terms and Boolean search operators. The systematic review will also explore grey literature sources by conducting searches on Google, subject specific websites and institutional websites. Additionally, the review will use calls for papers and snowballing techniques to further identify literature. In order to identify relevant evidence, inclusion criteria will be used to screen the titles and abstracts of the captured literature. Data will be extracted from the final list of relevant documents by using a questionnaire established through literature review and a stakeholder workshop. The key output of this review will be a report on the state of the evidence, and, if the data permits, an estimate of the effectiveness of alternative livelihood interventions.
Immune derangement occurs in patients with H7N9 avian influenza
Authors: Wu Wei , Shi Yu , Gao Hainv , Liang Weifeng , Sheng Jifang , Li Lanjuan 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Currently, little is known about the immunological characteristics of patients with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infection.

Methods
The numbers and percentages of peripheral blood immune cells were measured in 27 patients with laboratory-confirmed H7N9 virus infection and 30 healthy controls (HCs). The functional phenotypes of T cells and monocytes, as well as serum cytokine levels, were analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results
There were 19 patients (70.4%) with acute respiratory distress syndrome, 13 (48.1%) with secondary respiratory infection, 20 (74%) with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS; defined as having at least two concurrent SIRS components), 18 (66.7%) with lymphocytopenia and 11 (40.7%) with reduced numbers of monocytes. In comparison with levels in the HCs, the levels of serum interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8 and IL-10 and the percentages of CD38+ or Tim-3+ T cells were significantly increased. However, the percentages of human leukocyte antigen-DR + and Tim-3+ monocytes were significantly decreased in patients compared with HCs.

Conclusions
Patients with avian H7N9 virus infection display profound SIRS concomitantly with an anti-inflammatory response, which may be associated with the rapid progression of and high mortality associated with this novel viral disease.
Long-Term Financial Burden of Breast Cancer: Experiences of a Diverse Cohort of Survivors Identified Through Population-Based Registries
Authors: Jagsi Reshma , Pottow John A.E. , Griffith Kent A. , Bradley Cathy , Hamilton Ann S. , Graff John , Katz Steven J. , Hawley Sarah T. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose To evaluate the financial experiences of a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of long-term breast cancer survivors (17% African American, 40% Latina) identified through population-based registries. Methods Longitudinal study of women diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer in 2005 to 2007 and reported to the SEER registries of metropolitan Los Angeles and Detroit. We surveyed 3,133 women approximately 9 months after diagnosis and 4 years later. Multivariable models evaluated correlates of self-reported decline in financial status attributed to breast cancer and of experiencing at least one type of privation (economically motivated treatment nonadherence and broader hardships related to medical expenses). Results Among 1,502 patients responding to both surveys, median out-of-pocket expenses were ≤ $2,000; 17% of respondents reported spending > $5,000; 12% reported having medical debt 4 years postdiagnosis. Debt varied significantly by race: 9% of whites, 15% of blacks, 17% of English-speaking Latinas, and 10% of Spanish-speaking Latinas reported debt (P = .03). Overall, 25% of women experienced financial decline at least partly attributed to breast cancer; Spanish-speaking Latinas had significantly increased odds of this decline relative to whites (odds ratio [OR], 2.76; P = .006). At least one privation was experienced by 18% of the sample; blacks (OR, 2.6; P < .001) and English-speaking Latinas (OR, 2.2; P = .02) were significantly more likely to have experienced privation than whites. Conclusion Racial and ethnic minority patients appear most vulnerable to privations and financial decline attributable to breast cancer, even after adjustment for income, education, and employment. These findings should motivate efforts to control costs and ensure communication between patients and providers regarding financial distress, particularly for vulnerable subgroups.
Improved Procedure for Single-electron-transfer-induced Grignard Cross-coupling Reaction
Authors: Shirakawa Eiji , Okura Keisho , Uchiyama Nanase , Murakami Takuya , Hayashi Tamio 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Aryl Grignard reagents were found to undergo coupling with aryl or alkenyl bromides in the presence of LiCl in a mixed solvent consisting of toluene and THF (2/1). Previously employed removal of THF with evacuation from Grignard solutions is no longer needed to obtain biaryls and styrene derivatives.
Formation and Crystal Structure of a Novel Zinc Phthalocyanine Analogue Having an Axial Isoindole Ligand Obtained by Lithium-mediated Reactions under Mild Conditions
Authors: Fukuda Takamitsu , Kikukawa Yuu , Fuyuhiro Akira , Kobayashi Nagao , Ishikawa Naoto 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The reaction of phthalonitrile and lithium methoxide at 70 °C in methanol yields a half-phthalocyanine intermediate, which coordinates to a zinc(II) ion in a subsequent reaction step to afford a novel five-coordinate zinc phthalocyanine analogue 2, having axially coordinating diiminoisoindole and methoxy moieties bonded at diagonal positions of the pyrrole α-carbons. Although the chromatographic isolation of 2 is problematic, its crystal structure has been determined unambiguously. The importance of the effective ionic radius of the zinc(II) ion for the resultant molecular structures is discussed.
Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation of Cyclic Ketones Using Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Potassium Salts of Tungstophosphoric Acid
Authors: Ma Qingguo , Xing Wanzhen , Xu Junhui , Peng Xinhua 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The salts of 12-tungstophosphoric acid catalysts are prepared with varying potassium content. The resulting catalysts are active for the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones with 30 wt % H2O2 and achieve good conversions and yields. KHPW is the preferred catalyst in the reaction because of its reusability and environmental benefits.
Facile Template-free Synthesis of Bi2O2CO3 Flower-like Architectures in Ethylene Glycol–Water System
Authors: Ma Lin , Xu Xuyao , Zhou Xiaoping 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A convenient solvothermal route has been developed to synthesize flower-like Bi2O2CO3 architectures. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the body-centered tetragonal phase. The SEM and TEM images indicate that the flower-like Bi2O2CO3 architectures are assembled by numerous nanoplates. A self-assembly process is proposed to account for the formation of the obtained hierarchical structures.
Australian history: Online and insatiable
Authors: Hoe Georgia-Lee 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The Internet has changed the relationship of Australians to information. As history rises in popularity as a genre for leisurely entertainment, the way people interact with Australian history online is also changing. Digital history is democratized; it has never been easier for both scholars and the general public to obtain historical content, or to develop and share historical works. Yet these developments in presenting, creating and storing historical data online are not without their complications. The proliferation of online histories has engendered a digital space where it is sometimes hard to distinguish credible material. Moreover, issues of subscription and accessibility complicate individual abilities to consume particular histories. This article examines the notion of history as commodity by examining Australian histories online, such as genealogy archives and databases. Key points of discussion are the complexities and dynamic developments in digital history as a popular genre, as well as the extent to which digital Australian histories are informative representations of the past.
Embodied gestures as a resource in a photo caption competition
Authors: Lloyd Mike 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Photo caption competitions have existed for about 100 years and are well embedded in popular culture. Adopting a very fine grained examination, this article looks at a new caption competition running in a very popular New Zealand magazine. An overall description of the first twenty episodes is provided, discussion then focuses on a key feature of the photos that form the first part of the competition. They feature very visible hand gestures and embodied expressions, which seem to appeal to the competition’s organizers because they provide a readily understandable and economic platform for directing competitors in their caption-construction. By close attention to several examples, the discussion shows how indeed these hand gestures and embodied expressions are an excellent resource for the typical use of incongruity in accomplishing humour.
The Mechanical Handmaiden Rhetoric After Marshall McLuhan
Authors: Rufo Kenneth , DeLuca Kevin Michael 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Despite a recent revival, Marshall McLuhan remains stranded on the theoretical margins of communication scholarship. Whether primarily because of his aphoristic and ambiguous writing or because of the immense difficulties posed by his thought for the study of communication, his peripheral status sidesteps around the important contributions he has made to understanding human discourse and interaction. In an effort to confront and reclaim McLuhan from the margins, this article considers the consequences of his thought for a subset of communication scholarship: the study of rhetoric. We contend that McLuhan’s work offers certain correctives to the conventional study of rhetoric that make possible a confluence of rhetorical criticism and media ecology, a convergence necessitated by the politics and ideologies of today’s changing media environment.
Balloon tamponade for the management of postpartum uterine hemorrhage
Authors: Kaya Bariş , Tuten Abdullah , Daglar Korkut , Misirlioglu Mesut , Polat Mesut , Yildirim Yusuf , Unal Orhan , Kilic Gokhan Sami , Guralp Onur 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the use of the Bakri balloon in postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) resistant to medical treatment.

Methods: The Bakri balloon was applied to 45 women with PPH after failure of initial management. Bilateral internal iliac artery ligation (BIIAL) and hysterectomy were performed if necessary.

Results: The Bakri balloon was applied in 45 women; an additional BIIAL was required in nine women. The mean inflation volume of the Bakri balloon was 571±264 mL (range: 240–1300 mL). Hemostasis was achieved in 34 (75.5%) women with the Bakri balloon alone, and in six women with an additional BIIAL. The Bakri balloon was effective with additional procedures overall in 40 of 45 (88.8%) women. In 34 women with uterine atony, the Bakri balloon was successful alone in 27 (79.4%) and with an additional BIIAL in 30 (88.2%) women. An inflation volume of >500 mL was necessary in 18 women with uterine atony.

Conclusion: The Bakri balloon may be performed as a first line of treatment for PPH resistant to uterotonic agents, and can be used not only in tertiary centers but also in limited-resource centers. The inflation volume of the Bakri balloon should be adjusted according to the type of PPH; a volume exceeding 500 mL may be necessary in uterine atony.
Novel insights into the potential involvement of 5-HT7 receptors in endocrine dysregulation in stress-related disorders
Authors: Terrón José A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A hyperactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a common feature of stress-related disorders, and the brain serotonin (5-HT) system plays a major role in HPA axis modulation. Glucocorticoids and stress profoundly affect the 5-HT system so it is possible that alterations of endocrine 5-HT mechanisms may underlie HPA axis overdrive in stress-related diseases. Available evidence suggests a role of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A/2C and 5-HT7 receptors in HPA system activation, and pharmacological blockade of 5-HT7 receptors produces a fast-acting antidepressant-like action and shortens the onset of antidepressant-like effects of various classes of antidepressants. The mechanisms involved in this effect have not been elucidated, but recent findings suggest a role of 5-HT7 receptors in the development of HPA axis overdrive as a result of chronic stress. Remarkably, clinical findings have shown an association between corticosteroid-producing adenomas and expression of ectopic 5-HT7 receptors in corticosteroid-producing adrenocortical cells. These observations might therefore reveal an endocrine mechanism for the antidepressant-like action of 5-HT7 receptor blockers, possibly through normalization of HPA axis function. If such a preliminary hypothesis is confirmed, the potential therapeutic usefulness of 5-HT7 receptor antagonists could extend beyond depression to include other diseases, the pathophysiology of which has been associated with chronic stress and HPA axis dysregulation.