bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying cardiovascular disease risk and outcome: use of the plasma triglyceride/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration ratio versus metabolic syndrome criteria
Authors: Salazar M. R. , Carbajal H. A. , Espeche W. G. , Aizpurúa M. , Leiva Sisnieguez C. E. , March C. E. , Balbín E. , Stavile R. N. , Reaven G. M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) has been shown to predict both risk and CVD events. We have identified sex‐specific values for the triglyceride/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL‐C) ratio associated with an unfavourable cardio‐metabolic risk profile, but it is not known whether it also predicts CVD outcome.MethodsTo quantify risk for CVD outcomes associated with a high TG/HDL‐C ratio and to compare this risk with that predicted using MetS, a population longitudinal prospective observational study was performed in Rauch City, Buenos Aires, Argentina. In 2003 surveys were performed on a population random sample of 926 inhabitants. In 2012, 527 women and 269 men were surveyed again in search of new CVD events. The first CVD event was the primary endpoint. Relative risks for CVD events between individuals above and below the TG/HDL‐C cut‐points, and with or without MetS, were estimated using Cox proportional hazard.Main OutcomeThe first CVD event was the primary endpoint. Relative risks for CVD events between individuals above and below the TG/HDL‐C cut‐points, and with or without MetS, were estimated using Cox proportional hazard.ResultsThe number of subjects deemed at ‘high’ CVD risk on the basis of an elevated TG/HDL‐C ratio (30%) or having the MetS (35%) was relatively comparable. The unadjusted hazard risk was significantly increased when comparing ‘high’ versus ‘low’ risk groups no matter which criteria was used, although it was somewhat higher in those with the MetS (HR = 3.17, 95% CI:1.79–5.60 vs. 2.16, 95% CI:1.24–3.75). However, this difference essentially disappeared when adjusted for sex and age (HR = 2.09, 95% CI:1.18–3.72 vs. 2.01, 95% CI:1.14–3.50 for MetS and TG/HDL‐C respectively).ConclusionsAn elevated TG/HDL‐C ratio appears to be just as effective as the MetS diagnosis in predicting the development of CVD.
Chromosome 9p21 genetic variation explains 13% of cardiovascular disease incidence but does not improve risk prediction
Authors: Gränsbo K. , Almgren P. , Sjögren M. , Smith J. G. , Engström G. , Hedblad B. , Melander O. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the proportion of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence that is explained by genetic variation at chromosome 9p21 and to test whether such variation adds incremental information with regard to CVD prediction, beyond traditional risk factors.Design, setting and participantsrs4977574 on chromosome 9p21 was genotyped in 24 777 subjects from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study who were free from CVD prior to the baseline examination. Association between genotype and incident CVD (n = 2668) during a median follow‐up of 11.7 years was evaluated in multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. Analyses were performed in quartiles of baseline age, and linear trends in effect size across age groups were estimated in logistic regression models.ResultsIn additive models, chromosome 9p21 significantly predicted CVD in the entire population (hazard ratio 1.17 per G allele, 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.23, P < 0.001). Effect estimates increased from the highest (Q4) to the lowest quartile (Q1) of baseline age, but this trend was not significant. The overall population attributable risk conferred by chromosome 9p21 in fully adjusted models was 13%, ranging from 17% in Q1 to 11% in Q4. Addition of chromosome 9p21 to traditional risk factors only marginally improved predictive accuracy.ConclusionThe high population attributable risk conferred by chromosome 9p21 suggests that future interventions interfering with downstream mechanisms of the genetic variation may affect CVD incidence over a broad range of ages. However, variation of chromosome 9p21 alone does not add clinically meaningful information in terms of CVD prediction beyond traditional risk factors at any age.
Ectopic lipid storage and insulin resistance: a harmful relationship
Authors: Borén J. , Taskinen M.‐R. , Olofsson S.‐O. , Levin M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObesity increases the risk of metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular disease. In addition to lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, obesity is associated with increased lipid storage in ectopic tissues, such as skeletal muscle and liver. Furthermore, lipid accumulation in the heart may result in cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. It has recently been demonstrated that intracellular lipid accumulation in ectopic tissues leads to pathological responses and impaired insulin signalling. Here, we will review the current understanding of how lipid storage and lipid droplet physiology affect the risk of developing metabolic diseases.
Emotional intelligence, life satisfaction and subjective happiness in female student health professionals: the mediating effect of perceived stress
Authors: Ruiz‐Aranda D. , Extremera N. , Pineda‐Galán C. 
Published: April 2013

Accessible summary
The relevance of the scientific study of happiness and well‐being in health professionals has been emphasized. In this sense, the intelligent use of emotions is considered essential for one's psychological adaptation and well‐being. Health professionals have to deal with high levels of occupational stress and students in nursing, and allied health sciences need to develop the ability to manage their own emotions because an affective deficit in self‐regulation can lead to lower subjective well‐being.
This study aimed to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and well‐being indicators (life satisfaction and happiness) in a 12‐week follow‐up study in female student health professionals. Moreover, we examined the mediator role of perceived stress on the relationship between EI and well‐being indicators.
Our study found that emotionally intelligent people evaluate situations as less stressful which results in a higher satisfaction with life and happiness.
Specific EI training programmes to help students to cope with the challenges they face should be included in the curriculum for students in nursing and allied health sciences.
AbstractThe objective of the present study was to extend previous findings by examining the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and well‐being indicators (life satisfaction and happiness) in a 12‐week follow‐up study. In addition, we examined the influence of perceived stress on the relationship between EI and well‐being. Female students from the School of Health Sciences (n = 264) completed an ability measure of emotional intelligence. After 12 weeks, participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Subjective Happiness Scale. Participants with higher EI reported less perceived stress and higher levels of life satisfaction and happiness. The results of this study suggest that perceived stress mediates the relationship between EI and well‐being indicators, specifically life satisfaction and happiness. These findings suggest an underlying process by which high emotional intelligence may increase well‐being in female students in nursing and allied health sciences by reducing the experience of stress. The implications of these findings for future research and for working with health professions to improve well‐being outcomes are discussed.
Influence of Mediterranean diet on asthma in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Garcia‐Marcos L. , Castro‐Rodriguez J. A. , Weinmayr G. , Panagiotakos D. B. , Priftis K. N. , Nagel G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is epidemiological evidence that Mediterranean diet exposure is associated with lower asthma prevalence in children. We aimed to summarize the available data and to know whether the Mediterranean setting modifies this association.MethodsThe literature search, up to May 2012, was on epidemiological studies in the general population of children assessing whether adherence to Mediterranean diet (measured as a score) was associated with the prevalence of ‘current wheeze’; ‘current severe wheeze’; or ‘asthma ever’. Odds ratios (OR) of the eight included studies compared the highest tertile of the score with the lowest. Random‐effects meta‐analyses for the whole group of studies and stratified by Mediterranean setting (centers <100 Km from the Mediterranean coast) were performed. Differences between strata were assessed using the Q test.ResultsFor ‘current wheeze’, there was a negative significant association with the highest tertile of Mediterranean diet score (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75–0.98; p = 0.02), driven by Mediterranean centers (0.79, 0.66–0.94, p = 0.009), although the difference with the non‐Mediterranean centers (0.91, 0.78–1.05, p = 0.18) was not significant. The results for ‘current severe wheeze’ were as follows: 0.82, 0.55–1.22, p = 0.330 (all); 0.66, 0.48–0.90, p = 0.008 (Mediterranean); and 0.99, 0.79–1.25, p = 0.95 (non‐Mediterranean); with the difference between regions being significant. For ‘asthma ever’, the associations were as follows: 0.86, 0.78–0.95, p = 0.004 (all); 0.86, 0.74–1.01, p = 0.06 (Mediterranean); 0.86, 0.75–0.98; p = 0.027 (non‐Mediterranean); with the difference between regions being negligible.ConclusionsAdherence to the Mediterranean diet tended to be associated with lower occurrence of the three respiratory outcomes. For current and current severe wheeze, the association was mainly driven by the results in Mediterranean populations.
Complete Genome Sequence of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 1A
Authors: Ling Paul D. , Reid Jeffrey G. , Qin Xiang , Muzny Donna M. , Gibbs Richard , Petrosino Joseph , Peng RongSheng , Zong Jian-Chao , Heaggans Sarah Y. , Hayward Gary S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1A is a member of the
Proboscivirus
genus and is a major cause of fatal hemorrhagic disease in endangered juvenile Asian elephants worldwide. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence from this genus, obtained directly from necropsy DNA, in which 60 of the 115 predicted genes are not found in any known herpesvirus.
Move it to improve it (Mitii): study protocol of a randomised controlled trial of a novel web-based multimodal training program for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Boyd Roslyn N , Mitchell Louise E , James Sarah T , Ziviani Jenny , Sakzewski Leanne , Smith Anthony , Rose Stephen , Cunnington Ross , Whittingham Koa , Ware Robert S , Comans Tracey A , Scuffham Paul A 
Published: April 2013

IntroductionPersons with cerebral palsy require a lifetime of costly and resource intensive interventions which are often limited by equity of access. With increasing burden being placed on health systems, new methods to deliver intensive rehabilitation therapies are needed. Move it to improve it (Mitii) is an internet-based multimodal programme comprising upper-limb and cognitive training with physical activity. It can be accessed in the client's home at their convenience. The proposed study aims to test the efficacy of Mitii in improving upper-limb function and motor planning. Additionally, this study hopes to further our understanding of the central neurovascular mechanisms underlying the proposed changes and determine the cost effectiveness of Mitii.Methods and analysisChildren with congenital hemiplegia will be recruited to participate in this waitlist control, matched pairs, single-blind randomised trial. Children be matched at baseline and randomly allocated to receive 20 weeks of 30 min of daily Mitii training immediately, or waitlisted for 20 weeks before receiving the same Mitii training (potential total dose=70 h). Outcomes will be assessed at 20 weeks after the start of Mitii, and retention effects tested at 40 weeks. The primary outcomes will be the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) and unimanual upper-limb capacity using the Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTTHF). Advanced brain imaging will assess use-dependant neuroplasticity. Measures of body structure and functions, activity, participation and quality of life will be used to assess Mitii efficacy across all domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework.Ethics and disseminationThis project has received Ethics Approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of The University of Queensland (2011000608) and the Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane (HREC/11/QRCH/35). Findings will be disseminated widely through conference presentations, seminars and peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registrationACTRN12611001174976
Transcranial Measurement of Cerebral Microembolic Signals During Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Authors: Nagy-Baló Edina , Tint Diana , Clemens Marcell , Beke Ildikó , Kovács Katalin Réka , Csiba László , Édes István , Csanádi Zoltán 
Published: April 2013

Background—
Pulmonary vein isolation has increasingly been used to cure atrial fibrillation, but concerns have recently been raised that subclinical brain damage may occur because of microembolization during these procedures. We compared the occurrence of bubble formation seen on intracardiac echocardiography and the microembolic signals (MESs) detected by transcranial Doppler on the use of different ablation techniques and anticoagulation strategies.

Methods and Results—

This prospective study included 35 procedures in 34 consecutive patients (age, 52; SD, 12.8 years; female:male 9:25). Pulmonary vein isolation was performed with a cryoballoon and the conventional anticoagulation protocol (activated clotting time >250 s) in 10 procedures (group 1), with a multipolar duty-cycled radiofrequency pulmonary group 2), and with regime a pulmonary vein ablation catheter with an aggressive anticoagulation (activated clotting time >320 s) in 13 procedures (group 3). The mean total numbers of MESs detected during the procedures were 833.7 (SD, 727.4) in group 1, 3142.6 (SD, 1736.4) in group 2, and 2204.6 (SD, 1078.1) in group 3 (
P
=0.0005). MESs were detected mostly during energy delivery in the pulmonary vein ablation catheter groups, whereas a relatively even distribution of emboli formation was seen during cryoballoon ablations. A significant correlation was found in all groups between the degree of bubble formation on intracardiac echocardiography and the number of MESs (
P
=0.0000).

Conclusions—
Duty-cycled radiofrequency ablation is associated with significantly more MESs, even when more aggressive anticoagulation is applied. With both techniques most of these microemboli are gaseous in nature.
Prognostic Value of Exercise Testing During Heart Transplant Evaluation in Children
Authors: Lytrivi Irene D. , Blume Elizabeth D. , Rhodes Jonathan , Dillis Shay , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Singh Tajinder P. 
Published: April 2013

Background—

Maximum oxygen consumption (peak VO
2
) <50% predicted on exercise testing is a class I indication for heart transplant (HT) listing in children. This recommendation is based on exercise data in adults. We assessed the association of peak VO
2
<50% predicted during HT evaluation with freedom from death or deterioration in children.

Methods and Results—

We analyzed all children who underwent exercise testing during HT evaluation at our center between 2002 and 2011. Patients with peak VO
2
<50% predicted were compared with those with peak VO
2
≥50% predicted for the composite outcome of death before HT, initiation of mechanical circulatory support, and HT at highest urgency status, using time-to-event analyses. There were 50 children in the study (median age, 15 years; interquartile range, 13–17 years; 24 girls; 18 with palliated single ventricle). Overall, 24 children reached the composite end point. Peak VO
2
<50% predicted was associated with outcome in children with biventricular circulation (hazard ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.8–12.3;
P
<0.001) but not in those with a palliated single ventricle (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.1–12.0;
P
=0.80). Similarly, VE/VCO
2
slope ≥34 was associated with outcome in children with biventricular circulation (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–7.1;
P
<0.001) but not in children with a palliated single ventricle.

Conclusions—
Exercise testing during HT evaluation in children with biventricular circulation identified those at higher risk of death or deterioration in this small study. Larger studies are needed to assess the role of exercise testing during HT evaluation in children with a palliated single ventricle.
Aged parents’ experiences during a critical illness trajectory and after the death of an adult child: A review of the literature
Authors: Van Humbeeck Liesbeth , Piers Ruth D , Van Camp Sigrid , Dillen Let , Verhaeghe Sofie TL , Van Den Noortgate Nele J 
Published: April 2013

Background: Given the growing life expectancy, the likelihood increases that health-care providers are confronted with older people having an adult child with a life-limiting disease. Aim: This literature review aimed to (1) explore the experiences of aged parents with regard to their position and role as a parent of an adult child with a life-limiting illness, (2) detect gaps in the existing literature and (3) make recommendations for future research. Design: A literature search of English articles, including both quantitative and qualitative designs. Data sources: Four electronic databases and the reference lists of included studies. Results: In total, 19 studies (7 quantitative and 12 qualitative) were included. Few studies describe the experiences of older people whose adult child has cancer or has died of cancer. Existing studies are merely descriptive and give no concrete recommendations for health-care providers in daily practice. The studies suggest that aged parents carry deep burdens from the prospect of losing their adult child. Aged parents want to stay involved but need to reconfigure their parent role. As soon as the cancer diagnosis is disclosed, parents are confronted with a re-awakening of parental nurturing, which clashes with the autonomy of the adult child. Even after the adult child is deceased, older parents retain the image of themselves as parents. Conclusions: There is a need for more in-depth research to understand the lived experience of these parents and what health-care providers can do to assist them.
MEK and the inhibitors: from bench to bedside
Authors: Akinleye Akintunde , Furqan Muhammad , Mukhi Nikhil , Ravella Pavan , Liu Delong 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Four distinct MAP kinase signaling pathways involving 7 MEK enzymes have been identified. MEK1 and MEK2 are the prototype members of MEK family proteins. Several MEK inhibitors are in clinical trials. Trametinib is being evaluated by FDA for the treatment of metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600 mutation. Selumetinib has been studied in combination with docetaxel in phase II randomized trial in previously treated patients with advanced lung cancer. Selumetinib group had better response rate and progression-free survival. This review also summarized new MEK inhibitors in clinical development, including pimasertib, refametinib, PD-0325901, TAK733, MEK162 (ARRY 438162), RO5126766, WX-554, RO4987655 (CH4987655), GDC-0973 (XL518), and AZD8330.
Mechanical and energetic consequences of rolling foot shape in human walking
Authors: Adamczyk Peter G. , Kuo Arthur D. 
Published: April 2013

Summary
During human walking, the center of pressure under the foot progresses forward smoothly during each step, creating a wheel-like motion between the leg and the ground. This rolling motion might appear to aid walking economy, but the mechanisms that may lead to such a benefit are unclear, since the leg is not literally a wheel. We propose that there is indeed a benefit, but less from rolling than from smoother transitions between pendulum-like stance legs. The velocity of the body center of mass (COM) must be redirected in that transition, and a longer foot reduces the work required for the redirection. Here we develop a dynamic walking model that predicts different effects from altering foot length as opposed to foot radius, and test it by attaching rigid, arc-like foot bottoms to humans walking with fixed ankles. The model suggests that smooth rolling is relatively insensitive to arc radius, whereas work for the step-to-step transition decreases approximately quadratically with foot length. We measured the separate effects of arc-foot length and radius on COM velocity fluctuations, work performed by the legs, and metabolic cost. Experimental data (N = 8) show that foot length indeed has much greater effect on both the mechanical work of the step-to-step transition (23% variation, P = 0.04) and the overall energetic cost of walking (6%, P = 0.03) than foot radius (no significant effect, P &gt; 0.05). We found a minimum of metabolic energy cost for an arc foot length about 29% of leg length, roughly comparable to human foot length. Our results suggest that the foot’s apparently wheel-like action derives less benefit from rolling per se than from reduced work to redirect the body COM.
Colour vision and response bias in a coral reef fish
Authors: Cheney Karen , Newport Cait , McClure Eva , Marshall Justin 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Animals use coloured signals for a variety of communication purposes, including to attract potential mates, recognize individuals, defend territories and warn predators of secondary defences (aposematism). To understand the mechanisms that drive the evolution and design of such visual signals, it is important to understand the visual systems and potential response biases of signal receivers. Here, we provide raw data on the spectral capabilities of a coral reef fish, Picasso triggerfish Rhinecanthus aculeatus, which are potentially trichromatic with three cone sensitivities of 413 nm (single cone), 480 nm (double cone, medium sensitivity), 528 nm (double cone, long sensitivity) and a rod sensitivity of 498 nm. The ocular media have a 50% transmission cut off at 405 nm. Behavioural experiments confirmed colour vision over their spectral range; triggerfish were significantly more likely to choose coloured stimuli over grey distractors, irrespective of luminance. We then examined whether response biases existed towards coloured and patterned stimuli to provide insights into how visual signals - in particular, aposematic colouration - may evolve. Triggerfish showed a preferential foraging response bias to red and green stimuli, in contrast to blue and yellow, irrespective of pattern. There was no response bias to patterned over monochromatic non-patterned stimuli. A foraging response bias towards red in fish differs to that of avian predators, who often avoid red food items. Red is frequently associated with warning colouration in terrestrial environments (ladybirds, snakes, frogs), whilst blue is used in aquatic environments (blue-ringed octopus, nudibranchs); whether the design of warning (aposematic) displays is a cause or consequence of response biases is unclear.