bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene‐diet interaction of a common FADS1 variant with marine polyunsaturated fatty acids for fatty acid composition in plasma and erythrocytes among men
Authors: Takkunen Markus J. , de Mello Vanessa D. , Schwab Ursula S. , Kuusisto Johanna , Vaittinen Maija , Ågren Jyrki J. , Laakso Markku , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Uusitupa Matti I. J. 
Published: October 2015

ScopeLimited information exists on how the relationship between dietary intake of fat and fatty acids in erythrocytes and plasma is modulated by polymorphisms in the FADS gene cluster. We examined gene‐diet interaction of total marine PUFA intake with a known gene encoding Δ‐5 desaturase enzyme (FADS1) variant (rs174550) for fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and plasma phospholipids (PL), cholesteryl esters (CE), and triglycerides (TG).Methods and resultsIn this cross‐sectional study, fatty acid compositions were measured using GC, and total intake of polyunsaturated fat from fish and fish oil was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire in a subsample (n = 962) of the Metabolic Syndrome in Men Study. We found nominally significant gene‐diet interactions for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) in erythrocytes (pinteraction = 0.032) and for EPA in plasma PL (pinteraction = 0.062), CE (pinteraction = 0.035), and TG (pinteraction = 0.035), as well as for docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n‐3) in PL (pinteraction = 0.007). After excluding omega‐3 supplement users, we found a significant gene‐diet interaction for EPA in erythrocytes (pinteraction < 0.003). In a separate cohort of the Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study, the same locus was strongly associated with hepatic mRNA expression of FADS1 (p = 1.5 × 10−10).ConclusionFADS1 variants may modulate the relationship between marine fatty acid intake and circulating levels of long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids.
Magnetization transfer contrast–suppressed imaging of amide proton transfer and relayed nuclear overhauser enhancement chemical exchange saturation transfer effects in the human brain at 7T
Authors: Xu Xiang , Yadav Nirbhay N. , Zeng Haifeng , Jones Craig K. , Zhou Jinyuan , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Xu Jiadi 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo use the variable delay multipulse (VDMP) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) approach to obtain clean amide proton transfer (APT) and relayed Nuclear Overhauser enhancement (rNOE) CEST images in the human brain by suppressing the conventional magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and reducing the direct water saturation contribution.MethodsThe VDMP CEST scheme consists of a train of RF pulses with a specific mixing time. The CEST signal with respect to the mixing time shows distinguishable characteristics for protons with different exchange rates. Exchange rate filtered CEST images are generated by subtracting images acquired at two mixing times at which the MTC signals are equal, while the APT and rNOE‐CEST signals differ. Because the subtraction is performed at the same frequency offset for each voxel and the CEST signals are broad, no B0 correction is needed.ResultsMTC‐suppressed APT and rNOE‐CEST images of human brain were obtained using the VDMP method. The APT‐CEST data show hyperintensity in gray matter versus white matter, whereas the rNOE‐CEST images show negligible contrast between gray and white matter.ConclusionThe VDMP approach provides a simple and rapid way of recording MTC‐suppressed APT‐CEST and rNOE‐CEST images without the need for B0 field correction. Magn Reson Med 75:88–96, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spin echo versus stimulated echo diffusion tensor imaging of the in vivo human heart
Authors: von Deuster Constantin , Stoeck Christian T. , Genet Martin , Atkinson David , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo compare signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) efficiency and diffusion tensor metrics of cardiac diffusion tensor mapping using acceleration‐compensated spin‐echo (SE) and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) imaging.MethodsDiffusion weighted SE and STEAM sequences were implemented on a clinical 1.5 Tesla MR system. The SNR efficiency of SE and STEAM was measured (b = 50–450 s/mm2) in isotropic agar, anisotropic diffusion phantoms and the in vivo human heart. Diffusion tensor analysis was performed on mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, helix and transverse angles.ResultsIn the isotropic phantom, the ratio of SNR efficiency for SE versus STEAM, SNRt(SE/STEAM), was 2.84 ± 0.08 for all tested b‐values. In the anisotropic diffusion phantom the ratio decreased from 2.75 ± 0.05 to 2.20 ± 0.13 with increasing b‐value, similar to the in vivo decrease from 2.91 ± 0.43 to 2.30 ± 0.30. Diffusion tensor analysis revealed reduced deviation of helix angles from a linear transmural model and reduced transverse angle standard deviation for SE compared with STEAM. Mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were measured to be statistically different (P < 0.001) between SE and STEAM.ConclusionCardiac DTI using motion‐compensated SE yields a 2.3–2.9× increase in SNR efficiency relative to STEAM and improved accuracy of tensor metrics. The SE method hence presents an attractive alternative to STEAM based approaches. Magn Reson Med 76:862–872, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Brain activity on fMRI associated with urinary bladder filling in patients with a complete spinal cord injury
Authors: Krhut Jan , Tintera Jaroslav , Bilkova Karolina , Holy Petr , Zachoval Roman , Zvara Peter , Blok B. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivePatients with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) may maintain some perception of bladder fullness. The aim of the study was to evaluate brain activation arising from anticipated extraspinal sensory pathways.MethodsFourteen patients ages 24–54 years were enrolled, all having experienced a complete SCI (ASIA A) at C7 to T5 an average of 17 months before study entry. Urodynamic equipment was used for repeated bladder filling and detrusor activity evaluation. All functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements were performed using a Siemens Trio 3T scanner with the GRE‐EPI sequence (field of view = 192 × 192 mm, voxel 3 × 3 × 3 mm, TR/TE = 3000/30 ms, 45 slices). Nine hundred dynamic scans were acquired over 45 min. Statistical analysis was done in SPM8 using a general linear model. Statistics using t‐tests were thresholded at P = 0.001.ResultsWe excluded results from two patients because of activation artifacts. In 8 of 12 patients, significant brain activity was observed during urinary bladder filling. We found significant activation clusters at the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) (3/8), parabrachial nucleus (PBN) (4/8), hypothalamus (4/8), thalamus (6/8), amygdala (7/8), insular lobe (5/8), anterior cingulate gyrus (5/8), and prefrontal cortex (8/8). Activations in nuclei involved in afferents likely from the vagal nerve (NTS and PBN) correlated significantly with reported bladder sensations.ConclusionsThese data suggest that extraspinal sensory pathways may develop following SCI and that vagal nerve may play a role in re‐innervation of the urinary bladder. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:155–159, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient and robust coatings using poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) and its copolymers for marine and bacterial fouling prevention
Authors: He Tao , Jańczewski Dominik , Jana Satyasankar , Parthiban Anbanandam , Guo Shifeng , Zhu Xiaoying , Lee Serina Siew‐Chen , Parra‐Velandia Fernando Jose , Teo Serena Lay‐Ming , Vancso G. Julius 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMolecular design, fabrication, and properties of thin‐film coatings based on poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PMOX) and its copolymers were investigated to tackle problem of marine and bacterial fouling prevention. The ultraviolet crosslinkable macromonomer poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) dimethylacrylate was synthesized by cationic ring‐opening polymerization in a microwave reactor initiated by 1,4‐dibromobutane. In order to study the charge effect of the PMOX coatings on the adhesion of fouling organisms, PMOX surfaces with negative, neutral, and positive ζ‐potential values were prepared by copolymerization with the positively charged monomer [2‐(methacryloyloxy)‐ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride. The coatings were stable in sea water for at least 1 month without significant reduction in the film thickness. The marine antifouling activity was evaluated against barnacle cyprids Amphibalanus amphitrite and algae Amphora coffeaeformis. Results showed that PMOX coatings provide effective reduction of the settlement regardless of the molar mass and surface charge of the polymer. Bacterial adhesion test showed that PMOX coatings effectively reduce Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli adhesion. Owing to its good stability and antifouling activity PMOX has a great potential as antifouling coating for marine antifouling applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 275–283
The influence of prostatic anatomy and neurotrophins on basal prostate epithelial progenitor cells
Authors: Höfner Thomas , Klein Corinna , Eisen Christian , Rigo‐Watermeier Teresa , Haferkamp Axel , Trumpp Andreas , Sprick Martin R. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDBased on findings of surface marker, protein screens as well as the postulated near‐urethral location of the prostate stem cell niche, we were interested whether androgen ablation, distinct anatomic regions within the prostate or neurotrophins have an influence on basal prostate epithelial progenitor cells (PESCs).METHODSMicrodissection of the prostate, enzymatic digestion, and preparation of single cells was performed from murine and human prostates. Adult PESC marker expressions were compared between a group of C57BL/6 mice and a separate group of castrated C57BL/6 mice. Surface markers CD13/CD271 on human prostate epithelial progenitor cells were evaluated by FACS analyses in cells cultured under novel stem cell conditions. The effect of neurotrophins NGF, NT3, and BDNF were evaluated with respect to their influence on proliferation and activation of human basal PESCs in vitro.RESULTSWe demonstrate the highest percentage of CD49f+ and Trop2+ expressing cells in the urethra near prostatic regions of WT mice (Trop2+ proximal: 10% vs. distal to the urethra: 3%, P < 0.001). While a marked increase of Trop2 expressing cells can be measured both in the proximal and distal prostatic regions after castration, the most prominent increase in Trop2+ cells can be measured in the prostatic tissue distant to the urethra. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proportion of syndecan‐1 expressing cells greatly increases in the regions proximal to the urethra after castration (WT: 5% vs. castrated: 40%). We identified heterogeneous CD13 and nerve growth factor receptor (p75NGFR, CD271) expression on CD49f+/TROP2high human basal PESCs. Addition of the neurotrophins NT3, BDNF, and NGF to the stem cell media led to a marked temporary increase in the proliferation of human basal PESCs.CONCLUSIONSOur results in mice support the model, in which the proximal urethral region contains the prostate stem cell niche while a stronger androgen‐dependent regulation of adult prostate stem cells can be found in the peripheral prostatic tissue. Neutrophin signaling via nerve growth factor receptor is possibly involved in human prostate stem cell homeostasis. Prostate 76:114–121, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of Helium Leakage Rates through Closures of Dangerous Goods Packagings for the Assessment of Potentially Explosive Mixtures in Freight Containers
Authors: Schlick‐Hasper Eva , Seidler Oliver , Goedecke Thomas , Kraume Matthias 
Published: October 2015

The objective was to find out whether an explosive atmosphere can be created in a freight container by gaseous leakage flow of vapour‐air‐mixture through leaks in the closures of dangerous goods packagings filled with hazardous liquids. Because of high temperatures during intercontinental carriage, there is a gauge pressure in the free vapour phase inside the packagings which can cause a gaseous leakage flow. Two different methods were applied:Helium limit leakage rates for 23 quantitatively important hazardous liquids concerning their lower explosion limit (LEL) were calculated for a worst case transport scenario (Method 1).Helium leakage rates of five closure types of dangerous goods packagings with volumes of approximately 6 l were measured using the pressure technique by accumulation (Method 2).All types of closures of steel packagings were uncritical. The maximum measured leakage was 33% of the limit leakage rate. The leakage rates of screw closures of plastic jerricans can exceed the LEL if there are production‐related patterns such as non‐concentricity of the closures and flashes on the neck. Especially for plastic packagings it is important to minimize gaseous leakage flow, because an explosive atmosphere can also be reached by permeation of the individual filling substance or by a combination of both effects. For the assessment of potentially explosive mixtures in freight containers, both mass transfer mechanisms have to be taken into account. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explosive ice multiplication by mechanical break‐up in ice–ice collisions: a dynamical system‐based study
Authors: Yano Jun‐Ichi , Phillips Vaughan T. J. , Kanawade Vijay 
Published: October 2015

Mechanical break‐up in ice–ice collisions observed in the laboratory can lead to explosive ice multiplication. The possibility is examined in detail by constructing an idealized analytical single‐point (zero‐dimension) model assuming spatial homogeneity within a cloud. The rate of generation of primary ice is fixed at a constant value over time, corresponding to a situation in which the relative humidity (at water saturation as for a mixed‐phase cloud) and updraught speed are fixed. This would further imply an infinite supply of vapour, if the crystal concentration were somehow infinite. Fixed times are assumed for the transformation of the generated primary ice into small graupel, which then grow into large graupel. Secondary ice particles produced by collisions between small and large graupel, in turn, potentially multiply explosively, because the secondary ice may eventually grow to become splintering graupel with a positive feedback.Two basic processes can lead to explosive ice multiplication. The first process is the generation of primary ice, which initiates ice multiplication only with a relatively low threshold (∼10−4 m−3 s−1) compared to typical observed values for deep convective clouds. Then the second process is induced by a sufficiently large initial number of ice crystals, which generate enough both small and large graupel particles, leading to explosive multiplication, even when the rate of generation of primary ice is below the threshold. These initial crystals at super‐critical amounts may be from any source. Only a low number density of crystals of the order of 1 m−3 (or 10−3 l−1) is required initially. In both cases, the ice number literally explodes within a finite time, with a time‐scale from 30 to 200 min under the idealized single‐point model studied. Importantly, in real clouds a typical number density of large graupel is above the threshold needed for explosive break‐up.
Land surface initialization strategy for a global reforecast dataset
Authors: Boisserie M. , Decharme B. , Descamps L. , Arbogast P. 
Published: October 2015

A 32‐year global ensemble reforecast dataset has recently been developed at Météo‐France that is approximatively consistent with the operational global ensemble forecast system PEARP. Unlike ECMWF or NCEP, Météo‐France does not possess a reanalysis of its own operational forecast system. Therefore, the initial atmospheric state and boundary conditions of the reforecasts are from the ECMWF ERA‐Interim reanalysis. This article presents a study of the sensitivity of the reforecasts to the method of land‐surface initialization. To this end, two sets of short‐range hindcasts using different land‐surface initialization approaches are compared. The first set is initialized from interpolated ERA‐Interim land‐surface fields based on a transfer function. The second set is initialized from offline simulations of the Météo‐France land‐surface model (SURFEX) driven by the 3‐hourly near‐surface atmospheric fields of the ERA‐Interim reanalysis. Each set is run from 1800 UTC initial conditions and up to +108 h.Because better results overall are found using offline SURFEX simulations, this latter approach was chosen to perform an ensemble reforecast dataset. Then, this ensemble reforecast database will be used to build a climatology of the operational ensemble prediction system of Météo‐France, which will, in turn, help to better estimate systematic forecast errors and, more importantly, improve the forecasting of rare extreme weather events.
Joint kinematics of surgeons during lumbar pedicle screw placement
Authors: Park Jeong‐Yoon , Kim Kyung‐Hyun , Kuh Sung‐Uk , Chin Dong‐Kyu , Kim Keun‐Su , Cho Yong‐Eun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundA surgical robot for spine surgery has recently been developed. The objective is to assess the joint kinematics of the surgeon during spine surgery.MethodsWe enrolled 18 spine surgeons, who each performed pedicle screw placement, and used an optoelectronic motion analysis system. Using three‐dimensional (3D) motion images, distance changes in five joints and angle changes in six joints were calculated during surgery.ResultsDistance fluctuations increased gradually from the proximal to the distal joint. Angle fluctuations were largest at the distal point but did not gradually increase, and the elbow showed the second largest fluctuation. Changes along the X axis were larger than those of the Y and Z axes.ConclusionThe distances gradually increased from proximal portions of the body to the hand. In angle changes, the elbow was most dynamic during pedicle screw placement. The surgeons' whole joints carry out a harmonic role during lumbar pedicle screw placement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrastructure of the digestive tract in neotropical carnivorous catfish Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (Valenciennes, 1840) (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae)
Authors: Faccioli Claudemir Kuhn , Chedid Renata Alari , Mori Ricardo Hideo , do Amaral Antônio Carlos , Vicentini Irene Bastos Franceschini , Vicentini Carlos Alberto 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe surface of the digestive tract of Hemisorubim platyrhynchos was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Morphometric studies by transmission electron microscopy were performed to analysis the intestinal microvilli. H. platyrhynchos is a Neotropical carnivorous freshwater catfish featuring a short digestive tract composed of a short esophagus, saccular stomach, and intestine with four regions: anterior, middle, posterior, and rectal. The esophageal surface is constituted by fingerprint‐like microridges that anchor the mucosubstances secreted by goblet cells facilitating the passage of food. Goblet cells present the opening to the esophageal lumen, between the microridges. Club cells are in basal epithelium and they do not present the opening to the lumen. The gastric luminal surface shows polygon‐shaped epithelial cells which secrete granules by exocytose to protect the gastric surface. The intestinal luminal surface reveals folds that are thicker in the anterior intestine than in the posterior intestine, increasing the absorptive surface area. The intestinal surface presents the microvilli of enterocytes and the opening of goblet cells. The morphometric analysis showed that the microvilli are longer in the anterior intestine, significantly decreasing towards the posterior intestine. The microvilli surface area significantly is greater in the anterior and middle intestine than in the posterior intestine. Numerous openings of goblet cells were observed in the posterior intestine acting in epithelial protection and lubrication. SCANNING 38:336–343, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micro‐computed tomographic assessment of quality of obturation in the apical third with continuous wave vertical compaction and single match taper sized cone obturation techniques
Authors: Alshehri Mohammed , Alamri Hadi M. , Alshwaimi Emad , Kujan Omar 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe aim of the present micro‐computed tomography (Micro‐CT) analysis was to compare the quality of obturation in the apical third of the root with the warm vertical compaction (WVC) and single matching taper sized cone (SMTSC) techniques. Mesial roots of 16 freshly extracted mandibular first molar teeth (with a total of 32 canals) were used. Canals in each mesial root were shaped to a size F3 Protaper and were randomly assigned to either continuous wave vertical compaction or single match tapered size cone technique. Volume of voids and gaps in the obturated roots were measured using micro‐CT scanning at 1, 3, and 5 mm from the apex of the root. There was no statistically significant difference in the volume of voids measured at 1 mm (p > 0.05), 3 mm (p > 0.05) and 5 mm (p > 0.05) filled with either WVC and SMTSC techniques. The quality of obturation in the apical third of the root with the WVC and SMTSC techniques is comparable. SCANNING 38:352–356, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two 3D Polyoxometalate‐based Frameworks Constructed from Silver(I)‐triazole/tetrazole Units: Hydrothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structure and Properties
Authors: Tian Ai‐Xiang , Hou Xue , Ying Jun , Yang Yang , Ning Ya‐Li , Li Tian‐Jiao 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo polyoxometalate‐based compounds constructed by Keggin/Ag/L, namely [Ag10(L1)6(HL1)2][HPMo2VMoVI10O40] (1) and [Ag10(L2)8(H2SiMo12O40)] (2) (L1 = 1,2,4‐1H‐triazole and L2 = 1H‐tetrazole), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analyses, and IR spectroscopy. In compound 1, the tetra‐nuclear Ag cycles constructed by four L1 ligands, two Ag1 ions, and two Ag2 ions. Compound 1 exhibits a two dimensional (2D) metal‐organic layer containing adjacent tetra‐nuclear Ag cycles. Furthermore, the adjacent 2D layers are further extended by Ag ions to form a three dimensional (3D) channel‐like framework, with Keggin anions embedding in the channels. Compound 2 is isostructural with 1. Additionally, the electrochemical and photocatalytic properties of the title compounds were investigated.
Spontaneous Formation of an η2‐C, S‐Thioketene Complex in Pursuit of Tungsten(IV)‐Sulfanylalkyne Complexes
Authors: Helmdach Kai , Villinger Alexander , Seidel Wolfram W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe oxo tungsten(IV) alkyne complexes [Tp′W(O)(I)(η2‐C2Ph2)] (1), [Tp′W(O)(I){η2‐C2(SC2H4SiMe3)2}] (2), and [Tp′W(O)(I){η2‐C2(SBn)2}] (3) [Tp′ = hydridotris(3, 5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borate, Bn = benzyl] were synthesized from [Tp′W(O)(CO)(I)]. All three compounds were fully characterized including structure determination by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Further elucidation of these reactions led to the isolation of several by‐products including an unexpected tungsten(IV) thioketene complex [Tp′W(O)(I){η2‐S = C=C(H)(SBn)}] (4), which is formed by removal of one Bn group from the alkyne, and dinuclear [Tp′W(O)(I)]2(μ‐O) (6). Both complexes were also fully characterized. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals an η2‐S, C side‐on binding mode for 4 and a planar O–W–O–W–O moiety for 6. In addition, by changing the solvent from THF to dichloromethane formation of the chiral dihalogen complex [Tp′W(O)(Cl)(I)] (5) was proven.