bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACBD3 Interaction with TBC1 Domain 22 Protein Is Differentially Affected by Enteroviral and Kobuviral 3A Protein Binding
Authors: Greninger Alexander L. , Knudsen Giselle M. , Betegon Miguel , Burlingame Alma L. , DeRisi Joseph L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
Despite wide sequence divergence, multiple picornaviruses use the Golgi adaptor acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) binding domain protein 3 (ACBD3/GCP60) to recruit phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase class III beta (PI4KIIIβ/PI4KB), a factor required for viral replication. The molecular basis of this convergent interaction and the cellular function of ACBD3 are not fully understood. Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry, we identified the putative Rab33 GTPase-activating proteins TBC1D22A and TBC1D22B as ACBD3-interacting factors. Fine-scale mapping of binding determinants within ACBD3 revealed that the interaction domains for TBC1D22A/B and PI4KB are identical. Affinity purification confirmed that PI4KB and TBC1D22A/B interactions with ACBD3 are mutually exclusive, suggesting a possible regulatory mechanism for recruitment of PI4KB. The C-terminal Golgi dynamics (GOLD) domain of ACBD3 has been previously shown to bind the 3A replication protein from Aichi virus. We find that the 3A proteins from several additional picornaviruses, including hepatitis A virus, human parechovirus 1, and human klassevirus, demonstrate an interaction with ACBD3 by mammalian two-hybrid assay; however, we also find that the enterovirus and kobuvirus 3A interactions with ACBD3 are functionally distinct with respect to TBC1D22A/B and PI4KB recruitment. These data reinforce the notion that ACBD3 organizes numerous cellular functionalities and that RNA virus replication proteins likely modulate these interactions by more than one mechanism.

IMPORTANCE
Multiple viruses use the same Golgi protein (ACBD3) to recruit the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase class III beta (PI4KB) in order to replicate. We identify a new binding partner of ACBD3 in the evolutionarily conserved Rab GTPase-activating proteins (RabGAPs) TBC1D22A and -B. Interestingly, TBC1D22A directly competes with PI4KB for binding to the same location of ACBD3 by utilizing a similar binding domain. Different viruses are able to influence this interaction through distinct mechanisms to promote the association of PI4KB with ACBD3. This work informs our knowledge of both the physical interactions of the proteins that help maintain metazoan Golgi structure and how viruses subvert these evolutionarily conserved interactions for their own purposes.
Identification of Rodent Homologs of Hepatitis C Virus and Pegiviruses
Authors: Kapoor Amit , Simmonds Peter , Scheel Troels K. H. , Hjelle Brian , Cullen John M. , Burbelo Peter D. , Chauhan Lokendra V. , Duraisamy Raja , Sanchez Leon Maria , Jain Komal , Vandegrift Kurt Jason , Calisher Charles H. , Rice Charles M. , Lipkin W. Ian 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human pegivirus (HPgV or GB virus C) are globally distributed and infect 2 to 5% of the human population. The lack of tractable-animal models for these viruses, in particular for HCV, has hampered the study of infection, transmission, virulence, immunity, and pathogenesis. To address this challenge, we searched for homologous viruses in small mammals, including wild rodents. Here we report the discovery of several new hepaciviruses (HCV-like viruses) and pegiviruses (GB virus-like viruses) that infect wild rodents. Complete genome sequences were acquired for a rodent hepacivirus (RHV) found in
Peromyscus maniculatus
and a rodent pegivirus (RPgV) found in
Neotoma albigula
. Unique genomic features and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that these RHV and RPgV variants represent several novel virus species in the
Hepacivirus
and
Pegivirus
genera within the family
Flaviviridae
. The genetic diversity of the rodent hepaciviruses exceeded that observed for hepaciviruses infecting either humans or non-primates, leading to new insights into the origin, evolution, and host range of hepaciviruses. The presence of genes, encoded proteins, and translation elements homologous to those found in human hepaciviruses and pegiviruses suggests the potential for the development of new animal systems with which to model HCV pathogenesis, vaccine design, and treatment.

IMPORTANCE
The genetic and biological characterization of animal homologs of human viruses provides insights into the origins of human infections and enhances our ability to study their pathogenesis and explore preventive and therapeutic interventions. Horses are the only reported host of nonprimate homologs of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Here, we report the discovery of HCV-like viruses in wild rodents. The majority of HCV-like viruses were found in deer mice (
Peromyscus maniculatus
), a small rodent used in laboratories to study viruses, including hantaviruses. We also identified pegiviruses in rodents that are distinct from the pegiviruses found in primates, bats, and horses. These novel viruses may enable the development of small-animal models for HCV, the most common infectious cause of liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis B virus, and help to explore the health relevance of the highly prevalent human pegiviruses.
Flagellar Localization of a Helicobacter pylori Autotransporter Protein
Authors: Radin Jana N. , Gaddy Jennifer A. , González-Rivera Christian , Loh John T. , Algood Holly M. Scott , Cover Timothy L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori
contains four genes that are predicted to encode proteins secreted by the autotransporter (type V) pathway. One of these, the pore-forming toxin VacA, has been studied in great detail, but thus far there has been very little investigation of three VacA-like proteins. We show here that all three VacA-like proteins are >250 kDa in mass and localized on the surface of
H. pylori
. The expression of the three
vacA
-like genes is upregulated during
H. pylori
colonization of the mouse stomach compared to
H. pylori
growth
in vitro
, and a wild-type
H. pylori
strain outcompeted each of the three corresponding isogenic mutant strains in its ability to colonize the mouse stomach. One of the VacA-like proteins localizes to a sheath that overlies the flagellar filament and bulb, and therefore, we designate it FaaA (flagella-associated autotransporter A). In comparison to a wild-type
H. pylori
strain, an isogenic
faaA
mutant strain exhibits decreased motility, decreased flagellar stability, and an increased proportion of flagella in a nonpolar site. The flagellar localization of FaaA differs markedly from the localization of other known autotransporters, and the current results reveal an important role of FaaA in flagellar localization and motility.

IMPORTANCE
The pathogenesis of most bacterial infections is dependent on the actions of secreted proteins, and proteins secreted by the autotransporter pathway constitute the largest family of secreted proteins in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we analyzed three autotransporter proteins (VacA-like proteins) produced by
Helicobacter pylori
, a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and contributes to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease. We demonstrate that these three proteins each enhance the capacity of
H. pylori
to colonize the stomach. Unexpectedly, one of these proteins (FaaA) is localized to a sheath that overlies
H. pylori
flagella. The absence of FaaA results in decreased
H. pylori
motility as well as a reduction in flagellar stability and a change in flagellar localization. The atypical localization of FaaA reflects a specialized function of this autotransporter designed to optimize
H. pylori
colonization of the gastric niche.
An assessment of a large-scale HIV prevention programme for high-risk men who have sex with men and transgenders in Andhra Pradesh, India: using data from routine programme monitoring and repeated cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Goswami Prabuddhagopal , Rachakulla Hari Kumar , Ramakrishnan Lakshmi , Mathew Shajan , Ramanathan Shreena , George Bitra , Adhikary Rajatashuvra , Kodavalla Venkaiah , Rajkumar Hemalatha , Paranjape Ramesh S , Brahmam G N V 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo assess a large-scale intervention, the Avahan intervention, using an evaluation framework that included programme coverage, condom use and changes in sexually transmitted infection (STI) and HIV prevalence among high-risk men who have sex with men/transgender (HR-MSM/TG) in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.DesignProgramme monitoring data and results from two rounds of cross-sectional integrated biological and behavioural assessment (IBBA) in 2006 (Round 1) and 2009 (Round 2) were used for current analysis.SettingProgramme monitoring data and cross-sectional surveys from Andhra Pradesh, India.ParticipantsData from 1218 and 1203 participants in Rounds 1 and 2 of the IBBA, respectively, and field level programme monitoring data from the intervention districts.Primary and secondary outcomes(1) Assess the reach of intervention in the HR-MSM/TG population; (2) evaluate the association between intervention and the intermediate outcomes (such as condom use and STIs) and (3) assess the association between HIV/STIs and the intervention.ResultsBy July 2008, the intervention contacted 83% of the estimated HR-MSM/TG population monthly and 16% were attending the STI clinic monthly. HR-MSM/TG exposed to the intervention were significantly more likely to use condom consistently with a regular male partner (adjusted OR 4.62, 95% CI 1.40 to 15.22). Consistent condom use with all types of male partners increased significantly in survey Round 2 compared with Round 1. The proportion of HR-MSM/TG who tested positive for HIV-1 antibodies was similar in both rounds (15.5% in Round 1 vs 17.3% in Round 2, p=0.52).ConclusionThe Avahan intervention achieved a good population coverage, and delivered high-intensity peer and STI clinical services in Andhra Pradesh in the highly mobile target population of HR-MSM/TG; this also resulted in positive behavioural outcomes including increased condom use. However, the high prevalence of HIV in this group is an important public health priority.
THE VALIDITY OF WEIGHTED AUTOMATA
Authors: LOMBARDY SYLVAIN , SAKAROVITCH JACQUES 
Published: April 2013

This paper addresses the problem of the validity of weighted automata in which the presence of ε-circuits results in infinite summations. Earlier works either rule out such automata or characterize the semirings in which these infinite sums are all well-defined. By means of a topological approach, we take here a definition of validity that is strong enough to insure that in any kind of semirings, any closure algorithm will succeed on every valid weighted automaton and turn it into an equivalent proper automaton. This definition is stable with respect to natural transformations of automata. The classical closure algorithms, in particular algorithms based on the computation of the star of the matrix of ε-transitions, cannot be used to decide validity. This decision problem remains open for general topological semirings. We present a closure algorithm that yields a decision procedure for the validity of automata in the case where the weights are taken in ℚ or ℝ, two cases that had never been treated before. These algorithm and procedure are implemented in the VAUCANSON platform.
Prolonged Mean Vo
2
Response Time in Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Chatterjee Neal A. , Murphy Ryan M. , Malhotra Rajeev , Dhakal Bishnu P. , Baggish Aaron L. , Pappagianopoulos Paul P. , Hough Stacyann S. , Semigran Marc J. , Lewis Gregory D. 
Published: April 2013

Background—

In patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), the rate at which oxygen uptake (V
O
2
) increases on initiation of exercise is inadequate to match metabolic demands. To gain mechanistic insights into delayed V
O
2
kinetics in LVSD, we simultaneously assessed hemodynamic measurements, ventilatory parameters, and peripheral oxygen usage during exercise.

Methods and Results—

Forty-two patients with symptomatic LVSD (age, 59±2 years [mean±SEM]; LV ejection fraction, 30±1%) and 17 controls (LV ejection fraction, 68±1%) underwent maximum upright cycle ergometry cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Hemodynamic monitoring and first-pass radionuclide ventriculography were performed at rest and during exercise. V
O
2
kinetics were quantified by mean response time (MRT), which was significantly longer in patients with LVSD compared with controls (64±3 versus 45±5 s;
P
=0.004). In LVSD patients, MRT was associated with higher biventricular filling pressures and reduced cardiac output during early exercise. LVSD patients with MRT ≥60 s, compared with LVSD subjects with MRT <60 s, demonstrated greater impairment in right ventricular-pulmonary vascular function during exercise as evidenced by lower right ventricular ejection fraction (35±2 versus 45±2%;
P
=0.03), steeper increment in transpulmonary gradient relative to cardiac output (3.7 versus 2.2 mm Hg/L;
P
<0.001), and increased ventilatory dead-space fraction (17±1 versus 12±2%;
P
=0.03). In contrast, MRT was not associated with LV ejection fraction (rest, exercise), Pa
O
2
, hemoglobin, or resting pulmonary function test results.

Conclusions—
Delayed oxygen uptake on initiation of exercise (ie, MRT ≥60 s) in LVSD is closely related to impaired right ventricular-pulmonary vascular function and may represent an important surrogate for inability to augment RV performance during physical activity in patients with heart failure.
Impact of Residual Chronic Total Occlusion of Right Coronary Artery on the Long-term Outcome in Patients Treated for Unprotected Left Main Disease
Authors: Takagi Kensuke , Ielasi Alfonso , Chieffo Alaide , Basavarajaiah Sandeep , Latib Azeem , Montorfano Matteo , Carlino Mauro , Mizuno Hiroyuki , Hasegawa Tasuku , Godino Cosmo , Figini Filippo , Shannon Joanne , Rezq Ahmed , Ferrarello Santo , Bernelli Chiara , Naganuma Toru , Fujino Yusuke , Nakamura Sunao , Colombo Antonio 
Published: April 2013

Background—
The presence of chronic total occlusion of the right coronary artery (CTO-RCA) in patients undergoing percutaneous interventions for unprotected left main (ULM) disease may affect the prognosis. In this study, we evaluated the immediate results and follow-up of patients with ULM-percutaneous interventions and with or without associated CTO-RCA.

Methods and Results—

Between March 2002 and December 2008, a total of 568 consecutive patients with ULM stenosis treated with drug-eluting stent were included in this analysis. The mean EuroScore and SYNTAX scores were 4.05±2.62 and 28.12±10.82, respectively. Of these, 522 had ULM lesions without residual CTO-RCA (493 ULM without CTO-RCA+29 ULM with treated CTO-RCA), and 46 patients had residual CTO-RCA. At 1466 days (interquartile range, 1150–1917) follow-up, the cardiac-death occurred in 41 patients (7.2%). Cardiac-death was more frequently observed in patients with ULM and residual CTO-RCA as compared with those without residual CTO-RCA (adjusted hazard ratios, 2.163 [95% confidence interval, 1.018–4.597];
P
=0.045). However, target lesion revascularization occurred less frequently in patients with residual CTO-RCA (adjusted hazard ratios, 0.321 [95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.794];
P
=0.014), resulting in the similar major adverse cardiovascular events rates between the 2 groups. When we analyzed patients with concomitant ULM and CTO-RCA, cardiac-death was significantly higher in patients with residual as compared with treated CTO-RCA (log-rank
P
=0.01) despite no difference in baseline characteristics.

Conclusions—
Cardiac-death occurred more frequently in patients with residual CTO-RCA as compared with those without residual CTO-RCA. These findings suggest that recanalization of CTO-RCA has significant impact on the long-term cardiac-mortality in patients undergoing ULM-percutaneous interventions probably by offering reserve coronary circulation, if in-stent restenosis were to occur in the treated left main.
Reestablishment of the Endothelial Lining by Endothelial Cell Therapy Stabilizes Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Franck Grégory , Dai Jianping , Fifre Alexandre , Ngo Saravuth , Justine Claire , Michineau Stéphanie , Allaire Eric , Gervais Marianne 
Published: April 2013

Background—
Loss of the endothelium and its replacement by a thick thrombus are structural features of human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). In AAAs, the relationship between aortic diameter expansion, the presence of thrombus, and the lack of endothelial cells (ECs) remains unexplored. We hypothesized that reendothelialization by cell therapy would modulate aortic wall destruction and ultimately stabilize AAAs. We evaluated the impact of local seeding of rat aortic ECs or peripheral blood–derived outgrowth ECs on AAA evolution.

Methods and Results—

Rat aortic ECs (n=30) or serum-free medium (controls; n=29) were seeded endovascularly immediately (day 0) or 14 days after surgery in the rat xenograft model. Rat aortic EC seeding prevented AAA formation and stabilized formed AAAs at 28 days (diameter increase at day 0+28, 51±6% versus 83±6%; day 14+28, −1±4% versus 22±6% in rat aortic ECs and controls, respectively;
P
<0.01). This stabilizing effect was associated with the reestablishment of the endothelial lining, the suspension of proteolysis, and the reconstitution of new aortic wall rich in smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix. Transplanted rat aortic ECs did not participate directly in aortic wall repair but exerted their healing properties through paracrine mechanisms involving the upregulation of endothelium-derived stabilizing factors and the recruitment of resident vascular cells. In rats, the transplantation of outgrowth ECs (n=7) significantly reduced by 30% the progression of AAAs and restored the abluminal endothelium at 28 days compared with controls (n=9).

Conclusion—
Our study demonstrates the potential of restoring the endothelial lining to control AAA dynamics and designates ECs as an efficient therapy to stop AAA expansion.
Computed Tomography Angiography Spot Sign Does Not Predict Case Fatality in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage With Intraparenchymal Extension
Authors: Brouwers H. Bart , Backes Daan , Kimberly W. Taylor , Schwab Kristin , Romero Javier M. , Velthuis Birgitta K. , Klijn Catharina J.M. , Ogilvy Christopher S. , Regli Luca , Greenberg Steven M. , Rosand Jonathan , Rinkel Gabriel J.E. , Goldstein Joshua N. 
Published: April 2013

Background and Purpose—
Many patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with intraparenchymal extension develop early hematoma expansion, which is not explained by aneurysmal rerupture in half of cases. In patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage, the computed tomography angiography (CTA) spot sign predicts hematoma expansion and poor outcome. We conducted a 2-center prospective cohort study to evaluate whether CTA spot sign predicts case fatality in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraparenchymal extension.

Methods—
We studied consecutive patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraparenchymal extension. Two experienced readers, blinded to clinical data, analyzed CTAs for spot sign presence. We assessed the proportion of patients with the CTA spot sign and tested its association with in-hospital and 90-day case fatality, using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.

Results—
In 32 of 236 patients (14%), we found at least 1 spot sign. Acute surgical hematoma evacuation with aneurysm occlusion occurred in 120 patients (51%). The overall in-hospital case fatality rate was 37%. The CTA spot sign was not associated with in-hospital (multivariable odds ratio, 0.51 [95% confidence interval, 0.06–3.26]) or 90-day (multivariable odds ratio, 0.59 [0.21–1.65]) case fatality.

Conclusions—
The found frequency of CTA spot signs is lower after aneurysmal than primary intracerebral hemorrhage and is not associated with in-hospital or 90-day case fatality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraparenchymal extension.
Subjective Perceptions of Employment Mobility: A Comparison of East and West Germany
Authors: Nitsche Natalie , Mayer Karl Ulrich 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
There is an ongoing debate over whether the stability of working lives in Germany has declined in recent decades. In this piece, we contribute to the literature by arguing that subjective mobility perceptions, hence individuals’ self-reported mobility desires and experiences, should receive more attention in the debate. While it is, for example, well known that German reunification affected worklife mobility of East Germans through high unemployment and firm mobility, little is known about subjective mobility desires, specifically in an East-West German comparative perspective. Using a retrospective cross-sectional data set from 2005, we therefore investigate East-West German differences in retrospective and future mobility desires and subjectively reported mobility experiences and expectations. We also examine if there is evidence for East-West German differences in voluntary versus involuntary employment mobility. Our findings indeed show that retrospectively reported desires for stable working lives are more prevalent among East Germans. In addition, we find suggestive evidence for elevated levels of undesired firm mobility and employment interruptions among East Germans born between 1945 and 1965, and for increases in undesired employment interruptions and firm mobility among younger West German but not East German men. These latter results serve as suggestive evidence for future hypothesis building only, since our data does not provide information on the desirability of specific mobility events but on cumulative experiences and retrospective mobility desires only.
A Sociological Model of Societal Collapse
Authors: Carter Michael J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In his best-selling book Collapse, Jared Diamond employs a five-point framework that can be used to predict a society’s likelihood of declining from prosperity. These five points include 1. environmental damage, 2. climate change, 3. hostile neighbors, 4. friendly trade partners, and 5. a society’s response to its environmental problems. This paper re-interprets Jared Diamond’s model of societal collapse by using a sociological lens. Previous work in theoretical sociology is applied to Diamond’s framework to produce a predictive model of societal collapse. A path model and formal propositions are provided.
Opening the Inner Circle of Power: Circulation among the Finnish Elites in the Context of Major Societal Changes 1991–2011
Authors: Ruostetsaari Ilkka 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The present study assessed the extent to which elite circulation has changed in Finland in the context of substantial social changes since the early 1990s. We first analyzed changes in vertical social mobility, i.e., recruitment to the elites, and then, changes in horizontal social mobility, i.e., circulation within the elites. The study was methodologically based on the positional approach, and postal/Internet surveys of members within the elites were conducted in 1991, 2001, and 2011. The hypotheses were derived from major social changes that have occurred in the Finnish society since the early 1990s. Since many of these societal changes focused most profoundly on people of lowest socio-economic position, we first hypothesized, that recruitment from these groups to the elites had decreased, i.e., the openness of the elite structure had been reduced. According to second hypothesis, the retention of elite positions had become less secure due to decreased societal stability and increased scandals implicating the elites. Moreover, since the political decision-makers were responsible for many social changes, and the political elite is the sole elite group whose ascendancy depends mainly on the support of the population, we also hypothesized that societal changes have exerted the most effect on the political elite.