bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
$$\kappa $$-Dirac stars
Authors: Sun Shi-Xian , Cui Si-Yuan , Huang Long-Xing , Fang Tie-Feng , Wang Yong-Qiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we construct a Dirac star model composed of $$|\kappa |$$

|
κ
|

pairs of spinor fields. The azimuthal harmonic indices m of these spinor fields are half-integers, and they satisfy $$-(|\kappa |-\frac{1}{2})\le m \le |\kappa |-\frac{1}{2}$$

-

(
|
κ
|

-

1
2

)
≤
m
≤
|
κ
|
-

1
2

. When $$\kappa =1$$

κ
=
1

, it corresponds to the conventional Dirac star model, formed by two spinor fields with $$m=\frac{1}{2}$$

m
=

1
2

and $$m=-\frac{1}{2}$$

m
=
-

1
2

. When $$|\kappa |>1$$

|
κ
|
>
1

, among these $$|\kappa |$$

|
κ
|

pairs of spinor fields, there exist spinor fields with azimuthal harmonic indices $$m>\frac{1}{2}$$

m
>

1
2

, and all spinor fields still conform to the same Dirac field equation. Different families of solutions are distinguished by the value of $$\kappa $$
κ
, so we named these solutions $$\kappa $$
κ
-Dirac stars. We obtain solutions for $$\kappa =\pm 1,\pm 2,\pm 3,\pm 4,\pm 5,\pm 6$$

κ
=
±
1
,
±
2
,
±
3
,
±
4
,
±
5
,
±
6

by using numerical methods. Additionally, we compute their ADM mass M, Noether charge Q, and binding energy E, and illustrate how these quantities change with the spinor field’s frequency $$\omega $$
ω
for different $$\kappa $$
κ
. We observe significant differences between solutions for $$|\kappa |>1$$

|
κ
|
>
1

and the $$|\kappa |=1$$

|
κ
|
=
1

case. Furthermore, we provide the energy density distribution of the Dirac stars, wherein for $$|\kappa |>1$$

|
κ
|
>
1

scenarios, the Dirac stars exhibit a spherical shell-like structure. Moreover, we employ three-dimensional diagrams to intuitively depict how $$\kappa $$
κ
influences the combination of spinor fields to form a spherically symmetric configuration.
Adjuvant Treatment with Celecoxib after Collagenase Injection for Dupuytren Contracture: A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: VAN NUFFEL Maarten , REYNIERS Pieter , WARLOP Jaak , DE SMET Luc , DEGREEF Ilse 
Published: July 2024

Background: In patients with a high recurrence risk after treatment for Dupuytren contracture (DC) by Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH), adjuvant medical therapy may improve the outcome. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been used in the treatment of similar fibroproliferative processes. The aim of this study was to investigate if adjuvant anti-inflammatory medication could improve the outcome of CCH treatment for DC. Methods: In a prospective double blinded randomised trial, the effect of adjuvant peroral celecoxib on the outcome of DC treated with CCH was investigated in 32 patients with a high fibrosis diathesis. Primary outcome was the increase in Total Passive Extension Deficit (TPED)/ray. Secondary outcomes were the TPED of the individual finger joints, Tubiana index, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (DASH) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and satisfaction. Results: A significantly greater improvement in the celecoxib group for TPED and metacarpophalangeal contracture was found. For the proximal interphalangeal joint, the effect was much less pronounced. The VAS for pain and satisfaction were better at 6 and 12 weeks in the celecoxib group. The other outcome parameters did not significantly differ between both groups. Conclusions: Adjuvant peroral administration of celecoxib might improve the gain in TPED after treatment with CCH in patients with DC and a high fibrosis diathesis, with a beneficial effect up to 24 months. Level of Evidence: Level II (Therapeutic)
Classification of Hamate Fractures: An Analysis of 247 Patients with Hamate Fractures
Authors: XIONG Ge , ZHENG Wei 
Published: July 2024

Background: We devised a new classification of hamate fractures named the TOUCH classification. Each letter of this acronym depicts a fracture type – Type I (Transverse fracture), Type II (Open and/or complex fracture), Type III (Ulnar/medial tuberosity fracture), Type IV (Coronal fracture) and Type V (Hook fracture). Each fracture type was further divided into two or three subtypes (a, b, and/or c) based on degree of severity. The aim of this study is to classify the hamate fractures treated at our centre using this classification. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with hamate fractures treated at our hospital between 2003 and 2022 was done. Patient data with regard to age, gender, mechanism of injury, injured limb and any associated injuries was collected. Hamate fractures were classified based on the TOUCH classification. Results: A total of 247 patients with hamate fractures were included. Patients in the age group of 20–40 years accounted for 73.6% of all fractures. Female patients accounted for only 6.9% of all fractures and 76.5% of women with hamate fractures were older than 40 years. The incidence of hamate fracture tended to increase with age in women. The most common mechanism of injury was a fall (69 patients). The injury involved the right upper limb in 195 patients. And 164 patients had associated injuries in the same upper limb. Type III (coronal fracture of the hamate body) accounted for 57.4%, followed by type V (hook of hamate fracture) in 26.7% of patients. Conclusions: The TOUCH classification could cover all kinds of hamate fractures. It is easy to remember and may guide surgeons in considering treatment options. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Diagnostic)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Tendon Transfer for Thumb and Finger Flexion Reconstruction after Failed Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Motor Branch Transfer in a Tetraplegic Patient
Authors: BERTELLI Jayme A. , CROWE Christopher S. 
Published: July 2024

Distal nerve transfers can restore precise motor control in tetraplegic patients. When nerve transfers are not successful, tendon transfers may be used for subsequent reconstruction. In this case, an extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon transfer was used to restore thumb and finger flexion following an unsuccessful ECRB to anterior interosseous nerve transfer in a young tetraplegic patient. Twelve months following tendon transfer, the patient demonstrated functional grip and pinch strength and was using both hands for daily activities. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Huajuxiaoji Formula Alleviates Phenyl Sulfate‐Induced Diabetic Kidney Disease by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis
Authors: Zhang Zeng , Bi Yueping , Zhou Fengzhu , Zhang Duanchun , Xu Siyu , Zhang Xinyi , Fan Zhaohua , Yao Zheng , He Yanming 
Published: July 2024

Background: One of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes is diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The Huajuxiaoji formula (HJXJ) has shown clinical efficacy for DKD; however, its regulatory mechanisms against DKD remain elusive. We investigated NLRP3 inflammasome and the mechanisms of HJXJ by which HJXJ alleviates DKD.Methods: Phenyl sulfate (PS) was used to establish DKD models. HJXJ was administered to mice through intragastric or made into a pharmaceutical serum for the cell cultures. Biological indicator levels in mouse blood and urine were analyzed, and kidney tissues were used for HE, Masson, and PAS staining. ELISA and western blotting were used to detect inflammatory cytokines and protein levels, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and pyroptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry. Lentiviral vector‐mediated overexpression of NLRP3 was performed to determine whether NLRP3 participates in the antipyroptotic effect of HJXJ.Results: HJXJ significantly reduced the severity of the injury and, in a dose‐dependent manner, decreased the levels of biological markers including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine protein, and endotoxin, as well as inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐18, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and IL‐6 in DKD mice. Treatment with HJXJ reversed the downregulation of podocin, nephrin, ZO‐1, and occludin and upregulated ROS, NLRP3, Caspase‐1 P20, and GSDMD‐N induced by PS. Moreover, the upregulation of NLRP3 expression increased the number of cells positive for pyroptosis. HJXJ suppressed pyroptosis and inflammasome activation by inhibiting NLRP3 expression.Conclusions: Generally, HJXJ has the potential to reduce DKD injury and exerts anti‐DKD effects by inhibiting the NLRP3‐mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in vitro and in vivo.
Prospective Analysis of Circulating Biomarkers and Ovarian Cancer Risk in the UK Biobank
Authors: Sasamoto Naoko , Hathaway Cassandra A. , Townsend Mary K. , Terry Kathryn L. , Trabert Britton , Tworoger Shelley S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Risk factors have a limited ability to predict individuals at high risk of developing ovarian cancer among average-risk women, highlighting the need for discovery of novel biomarkers. In the UK Biobank, we investigated serum biomarkers commonly measured in clinical laboratory tests and ovarian cancer risk.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective analysis of 20 serum biomarkers and ovarian cancer risk in 232,037 female UK Biobank participants (including 1,122 incident ovarian cancer cases diagnosed from 2006 to 2020). Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between biomarkers and ovarian cancer risk overall and by histotype. FDR was used to account for multiple testing.

Results:
Overall, higher levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 [RRquartile 4 vs. 1 = 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60–0.87; P-trend = 0.002/FDR = 0.04], HbA1c (RRquartile 4 vs. 1 = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62–0.89; P-trend = 0.002/FDR = 0.04), and alanine aminotransferase (RRquartile 4 vs. 1 = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63–0.91; P-trend = 0.002/FDR = 0.04) were significantly associated with lower ovarian cancer risk. When stratified by histotype, higher IGF1 levels were associated with lower risk of serous (RRquartile 4 vs. 1 = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58–0.91; P-trend = 0.01/FDR = 0.20) and clear cell tumors (RRquartile 4 vs. 1 = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.07–0.49; P-trend = 0.001/FDR = 0.02), and higher HbA1c levels were associated with lower risk of serous tumors (RRquartile 4 vs. 1 = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59–0.90; P-trend = 0.004/FDR = 0.08).

Conclusions:
We observed that higher levels of circulating IGF1, HbA1c, and alanine aminotransferase were associated with lower ovarian cancer risk.

Impact:
These results suggest metabolism of glucose/amino acid and insulin/IGF1 signaling pathway may be contributing to ovarian carcinogenesis. Further research is needed to replicate our findings and elucidate how systemic changes in metabolism impact ovarian carcinogenesis.
Spatial Heterogeneity of Immune Regulators Drives Dynamic Changes in Local Immune Responses, Affecting Disease Outcomes in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Karamitopoulou Eva , Wenning Anna S. , Acharjee Animesh , Aeschbacher Pauline , Marinoni Ilaria , Zlobec Inti , Gloor Beat , Perren Aurel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered a low-immunogenic (LI) tumor with a “cold” tumor microenvironment and is mostly unresponsive to immune checkpoint blockade therapies. In this study, we decipher the impact of intratumoral heterogeneity of immune determinants on antitumor responses.

Experimental Design:
We performed spatial proteomic and transcriptomic analyses and multiplex immunofluorescence on multiple tumor regions, including tumor center (TC) and invasive front (IF), from 220 patients with PDAC, classified according to their transcriptomic immune signaling into high-immunogenic PDAC (HI-PDAC, n = 54) and LI PDAC (LI-PDAC, n = 166). Spatial compartments (tumor: pancytokeratin+/CD45− and leukocytes: pancytokeratin−/CD45+) were defined by fluorescence imaging.

Results:
HI-PDAC exhibited higher densities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with upregulation of T-cell priming–associated immune determinants, including CD40, ITGAM, glucocorticoid-induced TNF–related receptor, CXCL10, granzyme B, IFNG, and HLA-DR, which were significantly more prominent at the IF than at the TC. In contrast, LI-PDAC exhibited immune-evasive tumor microenvironments with downregulation of immune determinants and a negative gradient from TC to IF. Patients with HI-PDAC had significantly better outcomes but showed more frequently exhausted immune phenotypes.

Conclusions:
Our results indicate strategic differences in the regulation of immune determinants, leading to different levels of effectiveness of antitumor responses between HI and LI tumors and dynamic spatial changes, which affect the evolution of immune evasion and patient outcomes. This finding supports the coevolution of tumor and immune cells and may help define therapeutic vulnerabilities to improve antitumor immunity and harness the responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with PDAC.
Whole-head high-density diffuse optical tomography to map infant audio-visual responses to social and non-social stimuli
Authors: Collins-Jones Liam H. , Gossé Louisa K. , Blanco Borja , Bulgarelli Chiara , Siddiqui Maheen , Vidal-Rosas Ernesto E. , Duobaitė Nida , Nixon-Hill Reuben W. , Smith Greg , Skipper James , Sargent Tim , Powell Samuel , Everdell Nicholas L. , Jones Emily J.H. , Cooper Robert J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Infancy is a time of rapid brain development. High-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) is an optical neuroimaging method that maps changes in cortical haemoglobin concentration, a marker of functional brain activation. Recent years have seen a huge advance in wearable hardware for HD-DOT, however previous headgear has only been capable of sampling specific areas of the cortex. In this work, we aimed to develop headgear capable of sampling across the whole infant scalp surface and to conduct a proof-of-concept demonstration of whole-head HD-DOT in infants aged 5 to 7 months. We developed a whole-head infant implementation of the high-density LUMO design developed by Gowerlabs Ltd. (UK). HD-DOT data were collected from a cohort of infants (N = 16) during the presentation of a screen-based paradigm assessing social processing. Using whole-head HD-DOT, we mapped activity across the entirety of the optically-accessible cortex which far exceeds coverage achieved by previous infant optical neuroimaging methods. We found activity in temporal regions which corroborates previous research. Further, we mapped activity in regions outside those typically sampled in infant research using social processing paradigms, finding activation in regions across the occipital, parietal, and frontal cortices as well as an apparent inverted response in sensorimotor regions. Following this proof-of-concept, we envisage that whole-head HD-DOT will be applied to map the interaction between different regions of the brain, opening new avenues to map activity in the awake infant brain to better understand the trajectory of typical and atypical neurodevelopment.
The effects of musicality on brain network topology in the context of Alzheimer’s disease and memory decline
Authors: Matziorinis Anna Maria , Leemans Alexander , Skouras Stavros , Flo Birthe Kristin , Bashevkin Tobias , Koelsch Stefan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Music’s role in modulating brain structure, particularly in neurodegenerative contexts such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), has been increasingly recognized. While previous studies have hinted at the potential neuroplastic benefits of musical engagement and training, the mechanisms through which music impacts structural connectivity in neurodegenerative pathways remain underexplored. We aimed to examine the impact of music perception skills, active musical engagement, and musical training on structural connectivity in areas relating to memory, emotion, and learning in individuals with worsening memory impairment, investigating the potential neuroplastic effects of music. Employing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based structural connectivity and graph theoretical analysis, we investigated brain topological features in 78 participants aged 42 to 85 with a range of memory impairments. Participants were assessed for musical training, engagement, and perception skills. The study analyzed regional and local network topological metrics to examine the influence of musical activities on graph metrics, while controlling for stages of objective memory impairment (SOMI) and diagnosis, separately. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of musical perception skills, active musical engagement, and musical training on structural connectivity within memory, emotion, and learning-related brain areas in individuals with varying degrees of memory impairment. We found enhanced structural connectivity of the right hippocampus and the right posterior cingulate cortex was associated with stronger local network metrics, such as clustering coefficient and betweenness centrality, with increased music perception skills like melody and beat perception. Musical training specifically impacted the clustering coefficient of the right hippocampus and the node degree of the right mid cingulate gyrus. Active musical engagement influenced the eigenvector centrality of the right hippocampus. Furthermore, musical training was associated with enhanced global metrics, such as global efficiency and characteristic path length. Our study integrates diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and graph theoretical analysis to reveal significant effects of musical activities on structural connectivity in key brain regions. The results highlight the potential of musical activities to serve as a non-invasive modulatory tool for cognitive resilience, especially in memory impairment and neurodegeneration contexts. These insights contribute to the understanding of delaying AD onset and aiding early-stage patients through music-based interventions, emphasizing the importance of musical engagement in maintaining cognitive and brain health.
Hope for motherhood: pregnancy after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (a national multicenter study)
Authors: Sockel Katja , Neu Annika , Goeckenjan Maren , Ditschkowski Markus , Hilgendorf Inken , Kröger Nicolaus , Ayuk Francis A. , Stoelzel Friedrich , Middeke Jan Moritz , Eder Matthias , Bethge Wolfgang , Finke Jürgen , Bertz Hartmut , Kobbe Guido , Kaufmann Martin , Platzbecker Uwe , Beverungen David , Schmid Christoph , von Bonin Malte , Egger-Heidrich Katharina , Heberling Lisa , Trautmann-Grill Karolin , Teipel Raphael , Bug Gesine , Tischer Johanna , Fraccaroli Alessia , Fante Matthias , Wolff Daniel , Luft Thomas , Winkler Julia , Schäfer-Eckart Kerstin , Scheid Christof , Holtick Udo , Klein Stefan , Blau Igor Wolfgang , Burchert Andreas , Wulf Gerald , Hasenkamp Justin , Schwerdtfeger Rainer , Kaun Stephan , Junghanss Christian , Wortmann Friederike , Winter Susann , Neidlinger Helga , Theuser Catrin , Beyersmann Jan , Bornhaeuser Martin , Schmeller Sandra , Schetelig Johannes 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Improved long-term survival rates after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) make family planning for young adult cancer survivors an important topic. However, treatment-related infertility risk poses challenges. To assess pregnancy and birth rates in a contemporary cohort, we conducted a national multicenter study using data from the German Transplant Registry, focusing on adult women aged 18 to 40 years who underwent alloHCT between 2003 and 2018. Of 2654 women who underwent transplantation, 50 women experienced 74 pregnancies, occurring at a median of 4.7 years after transplant. Fifty-seven of these resulted in live births (77%). The annual first birth rate among HCT recipients was 0.45%, which is &gt;6 times lower than in the general population. The probability of a live birth 10 years after HCT was 3.4%. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of pregnancy were younger age at alloHCT, nonmalignant transplant indications, no total body irradiation or a cumulative dose of &lt;8 Gy, and nonmyeloablative/reduced-intensity conditioning. Notably, 72% of pregnancies occurred spontaneously, with assisted reproductive technologies used in the remaining cases. Preterm delivery and low birth weight were more common than in the general population. This study represents the largest data set reporting pregnancies in a cohort of adult female alloHCT recipients. Our findings underscore a meaningful chance of pregnancy in alloHCT recipients. Assisted reproductive technologies techniques are important and funding should be made available. However, the potential for spontaneous pregnancies should not be underestimated, and patients should be informed of the possibility of unexpected pregnancy despite reduced fertility. Further research is warranted to understand the impact of conditioning decisions on fertility preservation.
Interplay between donor age and HLA-DP matching in 10/10 HLA-matched unrelated donor HCT
Authors: Mehta Rohtesh S. , Petersdorf Effie W. , Wang Tao , Spellman Stephen R. , Lee Stephanie J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In 10/10 HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with calcineurin-inhibitor (CNI)-based prophylaxis, T-cell epitope DP-matched and permissive mismatched donors are associated with similar overall survival (OS) whereas donors with nonpermissive mismatches should be avoided. Younger unrelated donors are also favored over older donors. We explored outcomes associated with different combinations of DP-matching and donor age (dichotomized at 35 years) to further guide donor selection. Using a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research data set, we categorized 10 783 patients into 6 groups: DP-matched/younger donor (n = 1591), DP-matched/older donor (n = 526), permissive-mismatched/younger donor (n = 3845), permissive-mismatched/older donor (n = 1184), nonpermissive mismatched/younger donor (n = 2659), and nonpermissive mismatched/older donor (n = 978). We noted that younger donor age, rather than DP matching, was associated with better OS. Younger donors with permissive mismatches were associated with improved OS compared with older matched donors. Furthermore, younger donors with nonpermissive mismatches were associated with improved OS compared with older donors with permissive mismatches. Our study adds further information about the association of DP matching and donor age with HCT outcomes. Donor age should be prioritized over DP matching in patients undergoing 10/10 HLA-MUD with CNI prophylaxis. Among those with younger donors, permissive-mismatched or DP-matched donors are preferred over nonpermissive mismatched donors.