bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond preparation: Identity, cultural capital, and readiness for graduate school in the biomedical sciences
Authors: Gazley J. Lynn , Remich Robin , Naffziger‐Hirsch Michelle E. , Keller Jill , Campbell Patricia B. , McGee Richard 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this study, we conducted in‐depth interviews with 52 college graduates as they entered a Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP). Our goal was to investigate what it means for these aspiring scientists, most of whom are from groups underrepresented in the sciences, to feel ready to apply to a doctoral program in the biomedical sciences. For our analysis, we developed and used a theoretical framework which integrates concepts from identity‐in‐practice literature with Bourdieu's formulation of cultural capital and also examined the impact of racial, ethnic, and gender identities on education and career trajectories. Five patterns of identity work for expected engagement with PREP grew out of our analysis: Credential Seekers, PI Aspirants, Path Builders, Discipline Changers, and Interest Testers. These patterns illuminate differences in perceptions of doing, being, and becoming within science; external and internal foci of identity work; and expectations for institutional and embodied cultural capital. Our findings show that preparing for graduate education is more complex than acquiring a set of credentials as it is infused with identity work which facilitates readiness beyond preparation. This deeper understanding of individual agency and perceptions allows us to shift the focus away from a deficit model where institutions and programs attempt to “fix” students, and to offer implications for programs designed to support college graduates aspiring to become scientists. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 1021–1048, 2014
Minor habituation to repeated experimental approaches in Scandinavian wolves
Authors: Wam H. K. , Eldegard K. , Hjeljord O. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Large carnivores may become dangerous if they habituate to humans. We repeatedly approached wild wolves Canis lupus throughout a year to test their individual response to human encounters (N = 141 trials). None of the at least 25 wolves present during the study visually or vocally exposed themselves. The wolves fled at a mean distance of 248 ± SE 11 m (range, 35–488 m). Their tolerance was most strongly influenced by the presence of site-dependent pups, while the distance at which they were initially alerted was most strongly influenced by detectability of human (wind and noise). The mean alert distance was 324 ± 19 m in the first and 264 ± 17 m in subsequent within-day trials, while tolerance distances showed no such trend, neither within a day nor throughout the year. The study indicates a high level of individual plasticity, making habituation difficult to predict.
Parenting practices and adolescent smoking in mainland China: The mediating effect of smoking‐related cognitions
Authors: Wang Yan , Krishnakumar Ambika , Narine Lutchmie 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThis study examined the direct and indirect associations of general and smoking‐specific parenting practices with Chinese adolescents' smoking behaviors. Adolescents aged 14–17 years (N = 658) and their parents were recruited from three high schools in mainland China. Adolescents completed an anonymous online survey on their smoking behaviors, perceptions of parenting behaviors, and smoking‐related cognitions including attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Parents completed a paper‐and‐pencil questionnaire on their parenting behaviors. Results indicated that psychological control and frequency of communication about smoking were positively linked to adolescent smoking through the mediation of two smoking‐related cognitions–attitude and subjective norm. Parental knowledge of adolescent activities, disapproval of adolescent smoking, and home rules were negatively linked to adolescent smoking through the mediation of attitude and subjective norm. Results suggest that parenting practices and smoking‐related cognitions are critical components to be incorporated in prevention and intervention programs for adolescent smoking in China.
Accuracy of immunochemical fecal occult blood test for detecting colorectal neoplasms in individuals undergoing health check‐ups
Authors: Chen Yi‐Yuan , Chen Tsung‐Hsing , Su Ming‐Yao , Ning Hsiao‐Chen , Kuo Chia‐Jung , Lin Wei‐Pin , Ho Yu‐Pin , Lin Chun‐Jung , Hsu Chen‐Ming , Chiu Cheng‐Tang , Chen Pang‐Chi 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundIn Taiwan, the prevalence of colorectal cancer has been increasing in recent decades. As a result, the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) has been advocated and widely used for colorectal cancer screening in areas with limited colonoscopy capacity. The goal of this study was to analyze the sensitivity of a single immunochemical FOBT (I‐FOBT) and correlate it with the results of colonoscopy for detecting colorectal neoplasia in the asymptomatic Taiwanese population.MethodsData were collected from the results of health examinations conducted on asymptomatic adults older than 40 years and who simultaneously underwent one‐time I‐FOBT and colonoscopy examinations between January 01, 2008 and June 30, 2009. The sensitivity and specificity of the I‐FOBT were calculated in correlation to age, size, and pathologic result.ResultsA total of 6096 patients were analyzed, including 3418 men and 2678 women, aged 40–87 years. I‐FOBT result was positive in 229 patients (3.8%); the sensitivity of detection of total colorectal neoplasia and advanced neoplasia were 6.98% and 22.1%, respectively. A total of 13 participants were found to have invasive cancer in this study, and the sensitivity and specificity of the I‐FOBT in this group were 69.2% and 96.4%, respectively. Besides, the positive rate of I‐FOBT increased with age, with 40–49 years (2.89%), 50–75 years (4.21%), and >75 years (5.68%). In addition, the sensitivity for detecting total neoplasia and advanced neoplasia was similar in patients ≥50 years and ≥40 years of age.ConclusionThe I‐FOBT has better sensitivity for detecting invasive cancer and advanced neoplasia than for detecting nonadvanced neoplasia. Repeated I‐FOBT examinations with good adherence to the screening program may improve the detection rate and sensitivity of the I‐FOBT.
Acute hepatitis with nontyphoidal salmonella and hepatitis E virus coinfection
Authors: Kuo Yu‐Ting , Chang Chi‐Yang , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Mo Lein‐Ray 
Published: July 2014

SummaryA 65‐year‐old Taiwanese man presented with dark urine for 5 days before admission to hospital and with fever on the 2nd day of admission to hospital. Laboratory studies showed acute hepatitis with hyperbilirubinemia. Acute hepatitis with nontyphoidal salmonella and hepatitis E virus coinfection was diagnosed. The fever subsided after treatment with ceftriaxone and cefepime. His serum bilirubin reached its peak value on the 3rd week after admission to hospital and then gradually returned to the normal range. To the best of our knowledge, acute hepatitis E coinfection with nontyphoidal salmonella has not been reported previously.
The effects of cognitive impairment on nursing home residents' emergency department visits and hospitalizations
Authors: Stephens Caroline E. , Newcomer Robert , Blegen Mary , Miller Bruce , Harrington Charlene 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the relationship of cognitive impairment (CI) in nursing home (NH) residents and their use of emergency department (ED) and subsequent hospital services.MethodsWe analyzed 2006 Medicare claims and resident assessment data for 112,412 Medicare beneficiaries aged >65 years residing in US nursing facilities. We estimated the effect of resident characteristics and severity of CI on rates of total ED visits per year, then estimated the odds of hospitalization after ED evaluation.ResultsMild CI predicted higher rates of ED visits relative to no CI, and ED visit rates decreased as severity of CI increased. In unadjusted models, mild CI and very severe CI predicted higher odds of hospitalization after ED evaluation; however, after adjusting for other factors, severity of CI was not significant.ConclusionsHigher rates of ED visits among those with mild CI may represent a unique marker in the presentation of acute illness and warrant further investigation.
The influence of supply network structure on firm innovation
Authors: Bellamy Marcus A. , Ghosh Soumen , Hora Manpreet 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this study, we examine the structural characteristics of supply networks and investigate the relationship between a firm's supply network accessibility and interconnectedness and its innovation output. We also examine potential moderating effects of absorptive capacity and supply network partner innovativeness on innovation output. We hypothesize that firms will experience greater innovation output from (1) higher levels of supply network accessibility and supply network interconnectedness, (2) the interaction between the levels of these two structural characteristics, (3) the moderating role of absorptive capacity on supply network accessibility and the moderating role of supply network partner innovativeness on supply network interconnectedness. Supply network partner relationships are drawn in the context of the electronics industry using data from multiple sources. We use social network analysis to create measures for each supply network structural characteristic. Using regression techniques to test the relationship between these structural characteristics and firm innovation for a sample of 390 firms, our findings suggest that supply network accessibility has a significant association with a firm's innovation output. The results also indicate that interconnected supply networks strengthen the association between supply network accessibility and innovation output. Moreover, the influence of the two structural characteristics on innovation output can be enhanced by a firm's absorptive capacity and level of supply network partner innovativeness. By addressing the need for deeper structural analysis, this study contributes to supply chain research by accounting for the embedded nature of ties in supply networks, and showing how these structural characteristics influence the knowledge and information flows residing within a firm's supply network.
Screening and identification of small molecule inhibitors of ErbB2‐induced invasion
Authors: Brix D.M. , Rafn B. , Bundgaard Clemmensen K. , Andersen S.H. , Ambartsumian N. , Jäättelä M. , Kallunki T. 
Published: July 2014

ERBB2 amplification and overexpression are strongly associated with invasive cancer with high recurrence and poor prognosis. Enhanced ErbB2 signaling induces cysteine cathepsin B and L expression leading to their higher proteolytic activity (zFRase activity), which is crucial for the invasion of ErbB2‐positive breast cancer cells in vitro. Here we introduce a simple screening system based on zFRase activity as a primary readout and a following robust invasion assay and lysosomal distribution analysis for the identification of compounds that can inhibit ErbB2‐induced invasion. With an unbiased kinase inhibitor screen, we identified Bohemine/Roscovitine, Gö6979 and JAK3 inhibitor VI as compounds that can efficiently decrease cysteine cathepsin activity. Using the well‐established and clinically relevant ErbB1 and ErbB2 inhibitor lapatinib as a positive control, we studied their ability to inhibit ErbB2‐induced invasion in 3‐dimensional Matrigel cultures. We found one of them, JAK3 inhibitor VI, capable of inhibiting invasion of highly invasive ErbB2‐positive ovarian cancer cells as efficiently as lapatinib, whereas Gö6979 and Roscovitine displayed more modest inhibition. All compounds reversed the malignant, ErbB2‐induced and invasion‐supporting peripheral distribution of lysosomes. This effect was most evident for lapatinib and JAK3 inhibitor VI and milder for Gö6979 and Roscovitine. Our results further showed that JAK3 inhibitor VI function was independent of JAK kinases but involved downregulation of cathepsin L. We postulate that the screening method and the verification experiments that are based on oncogene‐induced changes in lysosomal hydrolase activity and lysosomal distribution could be used for identification of novel inhibitors of ErbB2‐induced invasiveness. Additionally, we introduce a novel function for lapatinib in controlling malignant lysosomal distribution, that may also be involved in its capability to inhibit ErbB2‐induced invasion in vivo.
Ilkhanid Buddhism: Traces of a Passage in Eurasian History
Authors: Prazniak Roxann 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBuddhism contributed to the culture and politics of thirteenth-century Eurasian intellectual exchange, depositing literary, artistic, and architectural traces subsequently eclipsed by layers of Islamic and Eurocentric history. Within extensive cross-continental networks of diplomatic and commercial activity, Ilkhanid Buddhism and the Buddhist revival of which it was a part drew serious attention among contemporary travelers, scholars, and statesmen including Ibn Taymiyah, Roger Bacon, and Rashid al-Din. This article argues that awareness of a Buddhist scholarly and political elite in the Muslim heartland, with its center at Tabriz, generated a historically significant Eurasian Buddhist discourse during a critical passage in the turn to modernity.
Genotypic variation of gene expression during the soybean innate immunity response
Authors: Valdés-López Oswaldo , Khan Saad M. , Schmitz Robert J. , Cui Shiqi , Qiu Jing , Joshi Trupti , Xu Dong , Diers Brian , Ecker Joseph R. , Stacey Gary 
Published: July 2014

Microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered immunity (MTI) is an important component of the plant innate immunity response to invading pathogens. Although several MTI responses can be measured in different plant species, their magnitude is probably plant species specific and even cultivar specific. In this study, a genome-wide transcriptome analysis of two soybean parental lines and two progeny lines treated for 30 min with the MAMPs flg22 and chitin was carried out. This analysis revealed a clear variation in gene expression, under both untreated and flg22+chitin-treated conditions. In addition, genes with potential additive and non-additive effects were identified in the two progeny lines, with several of these genes having a potential function in the control of innate immunity. The data presented herein represent the basis for further functional analysis that can lead to a better understanding of the soybean innate immunity response.
Genetic diversity in agronomic traits associated with the biomass production of Miscanthus species collected in Northeast Asia
Authors: Lim Soo-Hyun , Yook Min Jung , Kim Jin-Won , Song Jong-Seok , Zhang Chuan-Jie , Nah Gyoungju , Kim Do-Soon 
Published: July 2014

Miscanthus is a promising bioenergy crop due to its high productivity and broad environmental adaptability to tropical and temperate climates. As important Miscanthus species such as M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus are native to East Asia, implying more diverse Miscanthus genetic resources in this region, in this study, we collected about 300 Miscanthus accessions from East Asia, mainly in Korea. From the whole collections, 66 Miscanthus accessions representing geographical location and latitude were selected and tested through a 3-year field trial to investigate genetic diversity in their agronomic traits. Five agronomic traits associated with biomass production were assessed to investigate the relationships of agronomic traits with biomass yield and latitudes of locations where Miscanthus accessions were collected. Plant height, stem diameter, stem dry weight and heading date exhibited a significantly positive correlation with biomass yield with r= 0.465, 0.780, 0.817 and 0.450, respectively. Stem diameter (r= − 0.495), stem dry weight (r= − 0.393), heading date (r= − 0.914) and estimated yield (r= − 0.425) exhibited a significantly negative correlation with latitudes of the collection sites. The results of the study revealed the existence of considerable genetic diversity in agronomic traits in the Miscanthus accessions collected. The presence of a significant relationship between latitudes and agronomic traits suggests that accessions collected from different geographical latitudes will provide more genetically diverse materials for breeding. Therefore, the results of the present study can provide useful information and materials for Miscanthus breeding programmes.
MiR-302c inhibits tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing the endothelial-mesenchymal transition of endothelial cells
Authors: Zhu Kai , Pan Qi , Jia Luo-qi , Dai Zhi , Ke Ai-wu , Zeng Hai-ying , Tang Zhao-you , Fan Jia , Zhou Jian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEndothelial cells (ECs) are critical for angiogenesis and microRNA plays important roles in this process. In this study, we investigated the function and mechanism of miR-302c in the process of endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in ECs. When miR-302c was overexpressed in HUVECs, the motility of the HUVECs was weakened; the expression levels of EndMT markers were also changed: vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin was up-regulated, whereas β-catenin, FSP1 and α-SMA were down-regulated. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the growth of HCC was inhibited when co-cultured or co-injected with HUVECs overexpressing miR-302c. On the contrary, when miR-302c was suppressed in HUVECs, the opposite results were observed. Reporter assays showed that miR-302c inhibited metadherin (MTDH) expression through directly binding to its 3′UTR. In addition, compared to ECs isolated from normal liver tissues of HCC patients, ECs isolated from tumor tissues expressed markedly low levels of miR-302c but high levels of MTDH. These results suggest that EC-specific miR-302c suppresses tumor growth in HCC through MTDH-mediated inhibition of EndMT. MTDH and miR-302c might provide a new strategy for anti-angiogenic therapy in HCC.
The seeded growth of graphene
Authors: Lee Jae-Kap , Lee Sohyung , Kim Yong-Il , Kim Jin-Gyu , Min Bong-Ki , Lee Kyung-Il , Park Yeseul , John Phillip 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate the seeded growth of graphene under a plasma chemical vapor deposition condition. First, we fabricate graphene nanopowders (~5 nm) by ball-milling commercial multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The graphene nanoparticles were subsequently subject to a direct current plasma generated in a 100 Torr 10%CH4 - 90%H2 gas mixture. The plasma growth enlarged, over one hour, the nuclei to graphene sheets larger than one hundred nm2 in area. Characterization by electron and X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images provide evidence for the presence of monolayer graphene sheets.
Quantum nonlocality does not exist
Authors: Tipler Frank J. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
I show that quantum nonlocality is an artifact of the assumption that observers obey the laws of classical mechanics, whereas observed systems obey quantum mechanics. Locality is restored if observed and observer both obey quantum mechanics, as in the many-worlds interpretation (MWI). Using the MWI, I show that the quantum side of Bell’s inequality is entirely local. Thus, experiments confirming “nonlocality” are actually confirming the MWI. The mistaken interpretation of Bell’s inequality depends on the idea that the wave function is a probability amplitude, but the MWI holds that the wave function is a world density amplitude. Assuming the wave function is a world density amplitude, I derive the Born interpretation directly from Schrödinger’s equation.
Strigolactones regulate rice tiller angle by attenuating shoot gravitropism through inhibiting auxin biosynthesis
Authors: Sang Dajun , Chen Dongqin , Liu Guifu , Liang Yan , Huang Linzhou , Meng Xiangbing , Chu Jinfang , Sun Xiaohong , Dong Guojun , Yuan Yundong , Qian Qian , Li Jiayang , Wang Yonghong 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Shoot gravitropism is a key determinant of tiller angle, one of the most important factors that affect ideal plant architecture and grain yield of cereal crops. Strigolactones (SLs) are newly identified plant hormones that play diverse roles in plant growth and development. In this study, we provide compelling evidences that SLs are involved in shoot gravitropism, showing that SLs attenuate shoot gravitropism by inhibiting auxin biosynthesis. Our study uncovers a new role of SLs and suggests a previously unidentified mechanism underlying shoot gravitropism and tiller angle. Based on our study, SLs could be considered an important tool for achieving ideal plant architecture in the future.
proovread
: large-scale high-accuracy PacBio correction through iterative short read consensus
Authors: Hackl Thomas , Hedrich Rainer , Schultz Jörg , Förster Frank 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Motivation : Today, the base code of DNA is mostly determined through sequencing by synthesis as provided by the Illumina sequencers. Although highly accurate, resulting reads are short, making their analyses challenging. Recently, a new technology, single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, was developed that could address these challenges, as it generates reads of several thousand bases. But, their broad application has been hampered by a high error rate. Therefore, hybrid approaches that use high-quality short reads to correct erroneous SMRT long reads have been developed. Still, current implementations have great demands on hardware, work only in well-defined computing infrastructures and reject a substantial amount of reads. This limits their usability considerably, especially in the case of large sequencing projects.
Results : Here we present proovread , a hybrid correction pipeline for SMRT reads, which can be flexibly adapted on existing hardware and infrastructure from a laptop to a high-performance computing cluster. On genomic and transcriptomic test cases covering Escherichia coli , Arabidopsis thaliana and human, proovread achieved accuracies up to 99.9% and outperformed the existing hybrid correction programs. Furthermore, proovread -corrected sequences were longer and the throughput was higher. Thus, proovread combines the most accurate correction results with an excellent adaptability to the available hardware. It will therefore increase the applicability and value of SMRT sequencing.
Availability and implementation: proovread is available at the following URL: http://proovread.bioapps.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de
Contact : frank.foerster@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.