bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo transcriptome assembly databases for the central nervous system of the medicinal leech
Authors: Hibsh Dror , Schori Hadas , Efroni Sol , Shefi Orit 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe study of non-model organisms stands to benefit greatly from genetic and genomic data. For a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving neuronal development, and to characterize the entire leech Hirudo medicinalis central nervous system (CNS) transcriptome we combined Trinity for de-novo assembly and Illumina HiSeq2000 for RNA-Seq. We present a set of 73,493 de-novo assembled transcripts for the leech, reconstructed from RNA collected, at a single ganglion resolution, from the CNS. This set of transcripts greatly enriches the available data for the leech. Here, we share two databases, such that each dataset allows a different type of search for candidate homologues. The first is the raw set of assembled transcripts. This set allows a sequence-based search. A comprehensive analysis of which revealed 22,604 contigs with high e-values, aligned versus the Swiss-Prot database. This analysis enabled the production of the second database, which includes correlated sequences to annotated transcript names, with the confidence of BLAST best hit.
Fluorescent water-soluble organic aerosols in the High Arctic atmosphere
Authors: Fu Pingqing , Kawamura Kimitaka , Chen Jing , Qin Mingyue , Ren Lujie , Sun Yele , Wang Zifa , Barrie Leonard A. , Tachibana Eri , Ding Aijun , Yamashita Youhei 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOrganic aerosols are ubiquitous in the earth’s atmosphere. They have been extensively studied in urban, rural and marine environments. However, little is known about the fluorescence properties of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) or their transport to and distribution in the polar regions. Here, we present evidence that fluorescent WSOC is a substantial component of High Arctic aerosols. The ratios of fluorescence intensity of protein-like peak to humic-like peak generally increased from dark winter to early summer, indicating an enhanced contribution of protein-like organics from the ocean to Arctic aerosols after the polar sunrise. Such a seasonal pattern is in agreement with an increase of stable carbon isotope ratios of total carbon (δ13CTC) from −26.8‰ to −22.5‰. Our results suggest that Arctic aerosols are derived from a combination of the long-range transport of terrestrial organics and local sea-to-air emission of marine organics, with an estimated contribution from the latter of 8.7–77% (mean 45%).
The effect of triamcinolone acetonide on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice using a hypoxia visualization bio-imaging probe
Authors: Takata Shinsuke , Masuda Tomomi , Nakamura Shinsuke , Kuchimaru Takahiro , Tsuruma Kazuhiro , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Nagasawa Hideko , kizaka-Kondoh Shinae , Hara Hideaki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHypoxic stress is a risk factor of ocular neovascularization. Hypoxia visualization may provide clues regarding the underlying cause of angiogenesis. Recently, we developed a hypoxia-specific probe, protein transduction domain-oxygen-dependent degradation domain-HaloTag-Rhodamine (POH-Rhodamine). In this study, we observed the localization of HIF-1α proteins by immunohistochemistry and the fluorescence of POH-Rhodamine on RPE-choroid flat mounts. Moreover, we compared the localization of POH-Rhodamine with pimonidazole which is a standard reagent for detecting hypoxia. Next, we investigated the effects of triamcinolone acetonide (TAAC) against visual function that was evaluated by recording electroretinogram (ERG) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) development. Mice were given laser-induced CNV using a diode laser and treated with intravitreal injection of TAAC. Finally, we investigated POH-Rhodamine on CNV treated with TAAC. In this study, the fluorescence of POH-Rhodamine and HIF-1α were co-localized in laser-irradiated sites and both the POH-Rhodamine and pimonidazole fluorescent areas were almost the same. Intravitreal injection of TAAC restored the reduced ERG b-wave but not the a-wave and decreased the mean CNV area. Furthermore, the area of the POH-Rhodamine-positive cells decreased. These findings indicate that POH-Rhodamine is useful for evaluating tissue hypoxia in a laser-induced CNV model, suggesting that TAAC suppressed CNV through tissue hypoxia improvement.
Photocarrier drift distance in organic solar cells and photodetectors
Authors: Stolterfoht Martin , Armin Ardalan , Philippa Bronson , White Ronald D. , Burn Paul L. , Meredith Paul , Juška Gytis , Pivrikas Almantas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLight harvesting systems based upon disordered materials are not only widespread innature, but are also increasingly prevalent in solar cells and photodetectors.Examples include organic semiconductors, which typically possess low charge carriermobilities and Langevin-type recombination dynamics – both of whichnegatively impact the device performance. It is accepted wisdom that the“drift distance” (i.e., the distance a photocarrier driftsbefore recombination) is defined by the mobility-lifetime product in solar cells. Wedemonstrate that this traditional figure of merit is inadequate for describing thecharge transport physics of organic light harvesting systems. It is experimentallyshown that the onset of the photocarrier recombination is determined by theelectrode charge and we propose the mobility-recombination coefficient product as analternative figure of merit. The implications of these findings are relevant to awide range of light harvesting systems and will necessitate a rethink of thecritical parameters of charge transport.
Frühzeitige Selektion von Risikopatienten für Typ-2-Diabetes in der Hausarztpraxis durch Medizinische Fachangestellte – Eine Machbarkeitsstudie
Authors: Schnakenberg R. , Rothe M. , Bleckwenn M. 
Published: April 2015

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie: Wir untersuchten, ob Risikopatienten für einen Typ-2-Diabetes von Medizinischen Fachangestellten (MFA) im hausärztlichen Praxisalltag anhand weniger Merkmale erkannt werden können. Durch eine gezielte Ansprache von krankheitsgefährdeten Personen könnte die Effektivität eines Diabetes-Risiko-Screenings verbessert werden.
Methode: Im Rahmen der Machbarkeitsstudie „SeRiFIN“ wurden in 6 Hausarztpraxen (Interventionsgruppe) Patienten zwischen 20 und 50 Jahren mit einer positiven Familienanamnese für Diabetes und einer bauchbetonten Adipositas von geschulten MFA angesprochen. Zur Feststellung des Diabetesrisikos sollten die selektionierten Patienten den FINDRISK-Fragebogen ausfüllen. In den 5 Kontrollpraxen wurden Patienten aus derselben Altersgruppe ohne bekannten Typ-2-Diabetes gebeten, eine Risikoanalyse mit dem FINDRISK-Bogen durchzuführen.
Ergebnisse: Es wurden 916 FINDRISK-Fragebögen ausgewertet. In der Selektionsgruppe gaben 62% der befragten Patienten einen Diabetes in der Verwandtschaft an. Bei 86% der Patienten war der Taillenumfang vergrößert. Bei 22% der angesprochenen Patienten wurde ein Risiko von über 30% in den nächsten 10 Jahren einen Typ-2-Diabetes zu entwickeln festgestellt. In der nicht selektionierten Gruppe hatten nur 7% der Patienten ein abklärungsbedürftiges Risiko. Darüber hinaus unterschied sich die Risikogruppe in der angegebenen täglichen Bewegung und im Essverhalten signifikant von der Kontrollgruppe. Die MFA-Schulung wurde ebenso wie die Durchführung der Intervention gut angenommen und als machbar neben der Routinearbeit einer MFA eingeschätzt und die MFA drückten ihr Erstaunen über die Effektivität dieser Vorselektion aus.
Schlussfolgerung: Nach einer Schulung erkennen MFA Risikopatienten für einen Typ-2-Diabetes verlässlich in ihrem Praxisalltag. Die gezielte Ansprache von Risikopatienten kann an die MFA delegiert werden. Dadurch sind die Zeitressourcen der Ärzte effektiver für eine Präventionsbehandlung einsetzbar. Vor allem kardiovaskuläre Risikopatienten könnten von einer möglichst frühen Identifikation und Ansprache profitieren.
The Sonata Principle Reformulated for Haydn Post-1770 and a Typology of his Recapitulatory Strategies
Authors: Riley Matthew 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHaydn's ‘recomposition’ of the recapitulation is well known, but this article proposes, against received wisdom, that Haydn composed as though following a rule in the recapitulations of fast sonata-form movements from the 1770s onwards. The article extends William E. Caplin's functional theory to the Haydn recapitulation in order to revive the ‘sonata principle’, restated and limited to fast movements in Haydn's instrumental cycles. It then lays out a typology of Haydn's recapitulatory strategies that unfold within the constraints of the sonata principle.
‘Sparks of Meaning’: Comics, Music and Alan Moore
Authors: Summers Tim 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTComics have become a significant part of modern popular culture. This article examines the ways in which music is involved with comics, and develops methods for analysing musical moments in comic books. The output of the writer Alan Moore (b. 1953) is used as the domain for examining music and comics. This popular author's works are notable for their sophisticated use of music and their interaction with wider musical culture. Using case studies from the comic books V for Vendetta (1982–9), Watchmen (1986–7) and the second and third volumes of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2002–12), the article demonstrates that the comic can be a musically significant medium (even to the point of becoming a piece of virtual musical theatre), and argues that music in comics serves to encourage readers to engage in hermeneutic criticism of musical and musical-literary texts.
Recurrence of dual-strainClostridium difficileinfection in anin vitrohuman gut model
Authors: Crowther Grace S. , Chilton Caroline H. , Todhunter Sharie L. , Nicholson Scott , Freeman Jane , Wilcox Mark H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is still a major challenge to healthcare facilities. The detection of multiple C. difficile strains has been reported in some patient samples during initial and recurrent CDI episodes. However, the behaviour of individual strains and their contribution to symptomatic disease is unclear.MethodsAn in vitro human gut model was used to investigate the germination and proliferation of two distinct C. difficile strains during initial and recurrent simulated CDI, as well as their response to vancomycin treatment. The gut model was inoculated with a pooled human faecal emulsion and indigenous gut microbiota, C. difficile populations (vegetative and spore forms), cytotoxin levels and antimicrobial activity were monitored throughout the experiment.ResultsBoth C. difficile strains germinated and proliferated in response to ceftriaxone instillation, with cytotoxin detected during the peak vegetative growth. Vancomycin instillation resulted in a rapid decline in the vegetative forms of both strains, with only spores remaining 2 days after the start of dosing. A recrudescence of both strains occurred following the cessation of vancomycin installation, although this was observed more quickly, and to a greater extent, in one strain than the other.ConclusionsWithin a human gut model, multiple C. difficile strains are able to germinate and proliferate concurrently in response to antibiotic challenge (the onset of simulated CDI). Similarly, more than one strain can proliferate during simulated recurrent CDI, although with differences in germination and growth rate and timing. It appears probable that multiple strains can contribute to CDI within an individual patient, with possible implications for management and bacterial transmission.
Failure to Validate a Multivariable Clinical Prediction Model to Identify Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Patients at High Risk for Candidemia
Authors: Fisher Brian T. , Ross Rachael K. , Roilides Emmanuel , Palazzi Debra L. , Abzug Mark J. , Hoffman Jill A. , Berman David M. , Prasad Priya A. , Localio A. Russell , Steinbach William J. , Vogiatzi Lambrini , Dutta Ankhi , Zaoutis Theoklis E. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We attempted to validate a previously derived clinical prediction rule for candidemia in the pediatric intensive care unit. This multicenter case control study did not identify significant association of candidemia with most of the previously identified predictors. Additional study in larger cohorts with other predictor variables is needed.
Switch to Raltegravir From Protease Inhibitor or Nonnucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor Does not Reduce Visceral Fat In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women With Central Adiposity
Authors: Lake Jordan E. , McComsey Grace A. , Hulgan Todd , Wanke Christine A. , Mangili Alexandra , Walmsley Sharon L. , Currier Judith S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-infected women with central adiposity switched to raltegravir-based antiretroviral therapy immediately or after 24 weeks. No statistically significant changes in computed tomography-quantified visceral adipose tissue (VAT) or subcutaneous fat were observed, although 48 weeks of raltegravir was associated with a 6.4% VAT decline. Raltegravir for 24 weeks was associated with improvements in lipids.
Big city, small world: Density, contact rates, and transmission of dengue across Pakistan
Authors: Kraemer M.U.G. , Perkins T.A. , Cummings D.A.T. , Zakar R. , Hay S.I. , Smith D.L. , Reiner R.C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMacroscopic descriptions of populations commonly assume that encounters between individuals are well mixed; i.e., each individual has an equal chance of coming into contact with any other individual. Relaxing this assumption can be challenging though, due to the difficulty of acquiring detailed knowledge about the non-random nature of encounters. Here, we fitted a mathematical model of dengue virus transmission to spatial time series data from Pakistan and compared maximum-likelihood estimates of “mixing parameters” when disaggregating data across an urban-rural gradient. We show that dynamics across this gradient are subject not only to differing transmission intensities but also to differing strengths of nonlinearity due to differences in mixing. We furthermore show that neglecting spatial variation in mixing can lead to substantial underestimates of the level of effort needed to control a pathogen with vaccines or other control efforts. We complement this analysis with relevant contemporary environmental drivers of dengue.
Investigating dimensions of housing adequacy evaluation by residents in public housing
Authors: Ibem Eziyi Offia , Alagbe Oluwole Ajala 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of housing adequacy evaluation by residents in public housing with a view to identifying how government and construction professionals can deliver adequate housing facilities.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research is based on household surveys involving 517 respondents selected from nine public housing estates constructed between 2003 and 2010 in Ogun State Southwest Nigeria. The data were collected using structured questionnaire administered to the residents by the researchers through visits to the housing estates. A total of 33 variables derived from the review of the literature were used in measuring housing adequacy. Descriptive statistics and factor analyses were used in analysis of the data.

Findings
– The study reveals that residents perceived their housing situation as inadequate. They evaluated housing adequacy based on four key dimensions: ambient condition of interiors spaces, security, utilities and neighbourhood facilities; social infrastructure; level of privacy and size of sleeping; and living and dining areas in the residences. These dimensions of housing adequacy evaluation were found not to be exactly the same way experts conceived housing adequacy in the literature.

Research limitations/implications
– The concept of housing adequacy can be used to examine occupants’ housing preferences and their standard of living, the quality of housing and the performance of mass housing projects.

Practical implications
– The paper makes practical suggestions to government and construction professionals on how to improve adequacy levels of public housing. Specifically, in the areas of giving more attention to ambient condition of interiors, security, utilities and neighbourhood facilities as well as privacy and sizes of main activities areas in dwelling units in the design, construction and management of public housing projects.

Originality/value
– The study identifies dimensions of housing adequacy evaluation by residents in public housing and compares these with experts’ conception of housing adequacy.
The many faces of office noise – case contact center
Authors: Rasila Heidi , Jylhä Tuuli 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to take a look at the phenomena of office noise and to try and outline the worker perceptions of noise in a multi-dimensional and holistic manner. This is done in a case study setting in contact center environment.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research was carried out in three phases. First, a review of existing research was carried out. Second, 28 interviews were carried out to outline the dimensions of office noise. Third, a set of 20 further interviews were carried out to study the dimensions of noise that appeared from the first phase of the research.

Findings
– The literature review introduces seven streams of office noise research. None of these looks at the office noise as a holistic and multi-dimensional experience of office workers. The results from the interviews suggest that office workers see the office noise to have negative, neutral and positive aspects. In call center context, the most important aspect of noise includes: psychological and physiological symptoms, dynamism, social setting, knowledge transfer, socialization and sound masking.

Research limitations/implications
– The data are limited to one specific kind of work setting, namely, contact center environment. Thus, the findings may not be generalized to cover other types of work. Even though the sample size of 48 interviewees is quite big for a qualitative research setting, the basic problem of the research orientation is still present. The results are intended to give an in-depth insight on dimensionality of office noise in the complex interrelated open-plan office system.

Originality/value
– Existing research on office noises and acoustics tends to see the office noises just as a negative phenomenon. This leads to research settings that neglect the positive aspects of the noise. Further, this leads to somewhat distorted discussion and practical recommendations.
Three Minute Theatre
Authors: Copeman Peter 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to help higher degree by research (HDR) students understand the intrinsic nature of a Three Minute Thesis (3MT) presentation as a pitch and how this differs from normal academic discourse, and to present a suite of principles and practices with which they can develop the quality and impact of their presentations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based on a three-year University of Canberra (UC) research project involving three phases: distillation and analysis, with reference to theories and practice of dramatic narrative and performance, of key components of successful past 3MT presentations; establishment from this analysis of a suite of principles and practices to help students develop the quality and impact of their 3MT pitches; and trial, evaluation and refinement of these principles and practices via workshops with around 40 UC competitors.

Findings
– Presentations are framed firstly as an exercise in pitching and consequently as a type of dramatic monologue performance. Preparing such a presentation requires scripting a research narrative as a story with emotional as well as intellectual impact, developing a vocal and physical performance presence to connect with an audience and planning the use of the presentation space and constraints for best effect. Evaluations by workshop participants, reinforced by their success in the UC tournaments relative to non-participants, suggest that advantages of this approach to research pitching by these students apply not only for 3MT contests but also for clarifying and crystallising their research ideas, and for enhancing the quality of their presentation skills more generally.

Research limitations/implications
– The research methodology is a qualitative participant-observer action research study over three years. Although in part a kind of intervention study because it makes some comparison of 3MT success rates of study participants with non-participants, it is not a randomised control trial, as this would be inequitable by arbitrarily excluding subjects who might wish to take part. The primary value of the research is its adaptation to the research communications sphere of well-established modes of dramatic and business communication, and the value placed on these by participants.

Practical implications
– The principles and practices presented here make explicit for 3MT contestants knowledge that they are likely to possess already implicitly, and provide practical, achievable methods for developing and honing their presentations so as to maximise their impact on their audiences.

Social implications
– The paper makes a case for the legitimacy of emotionally connected storytelling within the array of acceptable academic discourse.

Originality/value
– The paper draws on theory and practice from the literary and performing arts to synthesise emotionally connected storytelling with traditional academic thinking and writing conventions of detached, dispassionate, reasoned argument based on quantifiable evidence.
Application of the concept of destination brand equity: the example of two Polish cities
Authors: Florek Magdalena 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper has two purposes in mind: to present the model of destination brand equity as well as its managerial implications for city brand management.Design/methodology/approach– Based on a model developed by the author in 2011 which adopts a consumer-based approach to assessing place/destination brand equity, brand equities for two Polish cities were calculated. The research was conducted in two stages on a sample of 800 Poles. Its detailed results served as a basis for a comparison of the two cities’ brand equities.Findings– The general results show the strength of the cities’ brand equities while the detailed results show the strengths and weaknesses of the specific city brands broken down to the types of respondents and according to the brand equity dimensions.Research limitations/implications– The discussion and results are based on two cities only, in one country.Practical implications– The results of the city brand equity survey provide place marketers with information about the existing structure of brand equity and the elements of brand equity which may reinforce a city brand in the consumers’ (potential and current tourists’) eyes. Such an assessment also enables to track destination brand changes over time and in relation to other city destinations. The results offer therefore city managers the knowledge of brand areas which require attention and intervention.Social implications– The model presents provides place managers with information related to the necessary social support of the residents of destination.Originality/value– The paper presents comprehensive and original research results of a research into city destination brand equity conducted on a representative national sample. A strong theoretical concept is combined with practical results.