bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny, Historical Biogeography and the Evolution of Migration in Accipitrid Birds of Prey (Aves: Accipitriformes)
Authors: Nagy Jenő , Tökölyi Jácint 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Migration plays a fundamental part in the life of most temperate bird species. The regular, large-scale seasonal movements that characterize temperate migration systems appear to have originated in parallel with the postglacial northern expansion of tropical species. Migratoriness is also influenced by a number of ecological factors, such as the ability to survive harsh winters. Hence, understanding the origins and evolution of migration requires integration of the biogeographic history and ecology of birds in a phylogenetic context. We used molecular dating and ancestral state reconstruction to infer the origins and evolutionary changes in migratory behavior and ancestral area reconstruction to investigate historical patterns of range evolution in accipitrid birds of prey (Accipitriformes). Migration evolved multiple times in birds of prey, the earliest of which occurred in true hawks (Accipitrinae), during the middle Miocene period, according to our analyses. In most cases, a tropical ancestral distribution was inferred for the non-migratory ancestors of migratory lineages. Results from directional evolutionary tests indicate that migration evolved in the tropics and then increased the rate of colonization of temperate habitats, suggesting that temperate species might be descendants of tropical ones that dispersed into these seasonal habitats. Finally, we found that diet generalization predicts migratoriness in this group.
Numerical Response of the Common Buzzard Buteo Buteo to The Changes In Abundance Of Small Mammals
Authors: Tóth László 
Published: December 2014

Összefoglalás
A kisemlősök denzitás változásainak az egerészölyv reprodukciójára gyakorolt hatását (un. numerikus választ) vizsgáltam a Hortobágyon, 2000-2001-ben. A fészekellenőrzések során regisztráltam a lerakott tojások, valamint a kikelt és a kirepült fiókák számát. Az egyik legfontosabb zsákmánycsoport, a kisemlősök állomány változásait élvefogó csapdázással monitoroztam. Vizsgáltam az időjárásnak az áttelelő kisemlősök túlélésére gyakorolt hatását is. Az ölyvek átlagos fészekalja a két évben szignifikánsan különbözött: 2000-ben 2,3, míg 2001-ben 3,1 tojás volt. Ez a kisemlősök - 2000-ről 2001-re bekövetkezett - jelentős mértékű állománynövekedésével magyarázható. 2000-ben nagyon alacsony volt a kisemlősök egyedszáma (9 példány/ha), míg 2001- ben ennek nyolcszorosát regisztráltam (76 példány/ha). A kisemlősök egyedszámában tapasztalt óriási eltéréseket a vizsgált két év tél végi-tavasz eleji időjárási különbségei okozhatták. 2000 február-márciusában, a napi minimum hőmérsékleteket tekintetve, 4 rövid, enyhe periódus váltakozott 4 fagypont alattival, ugyanakkor az enyhe időszakokban jelentős mennyiségű (6-8 mm) eső is hullott. Ekkor az áttelelő kisemlősök járatai ismételten beáztak, az állatok megfáztak, kihűltek, szinte kipusztultak a területről, ezért létszámuk a költési időszakban is rendkívül alacsony volt. 2001-ben a tél vége sokkal enyhébb volt, 3 héttel korábban emelkedtek fagypont fölé a napi minimum hőmérsékletek, mint 2000-ben, nem alakultak ki váltakozó hideg-meleg időszakok sem. Ez kedvezően hatott az áttelelő kisemlősökre, létszámuk gyorsan emelkedett és nyár elejére mezei pocok gradáció alakult ki.
Consimilarity and quaternion matrix equations AX −^X B = C, X − A^X B = C
Authors: Klimchuk Tatiana , Sergeichuk Vladimir V. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
L. Huang [Consimilarity of quaternion matrices and complex matrices, Linear Algebra Appl. 331(2001) 21–30] gave a canonical form of a quaternion matrix with respect to consimilarity transformationsA ↦ ˜S−1AS in which S is a nonsingular quaternion matrix and h = a + bi + cj + dk ↦ ˜h := a − bi + cj − dk (a, b, c, d ∈ ℝ).We give an analogous canonical form of a quaternion matrix with respect to consimilarity transformationsA ↦^S−1AS in which h ↦ ^h is an arbitrary involutive automorphism of the skew field of quaternions. Weapply the obtained canonical form to the quaternion matrix equations AX −^X B = C and X − A^X B = C.
Developing creative activity in art amongst pupils of elementary classes (Based on the analysis of integrated teaching syllabuses)
Authors: Marek Elżbieta 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aim of the studies was to learn the possibility of developing creative activity of first-to-third grade pupils in art. The documents (the core curriculum and integrated teaching syllabuses) examined from the point of view of aims, contents, pupils’ achievements, and description of realization methods show that the curriculum suggestions are really diverse. In the curricula created by people realizing the role which is played by creative activity in the development of a child more room is devoted to it.
2,6-Diaminopimelic acid as a biological marker of rumen synthesis and fermentation capacities in the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows
Authors: Maskaľová Iveta , Vajda Vladimír , Bujňák Lukáš 
Published: December 2014

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different types of available nutrients of total mix rations on fermentation and synthesis capacities of the rumen in Holstein dairy cows divided into groups in the transition period (± 3 weeks after parturition) and early lactation (60–80 days in milk). The diets were fed as a total mixed ration. Results obtained with feeding Diet C (high concentration of available nutrients) to dairy cows confirmed a significant increase in 2,6-diaminopimelic acid from the initial mean 2.2 μg/ml at 21 days before calving to 6.2 μg/ml (P< 0.01) at 21 days after calving or 7.6 μg/ml (P< 0.01) at early lactation, and a parallel significant increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids (P< 0.01). The concentration of propionic acid increased from the initial mean 25.3 to 39.3 mmol/l (P< 0.01) in the transition period, and to 43.1 mmol/l at early lactation (P< 0.01). All indicators of rumen fermentation and synthesis determined in dairy cows with Diet B (low concentration of available nutrients) of the total mix ration according to productive phases were not significant. High regression coefficients of examined indicators of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid to volatile fatty acid (r = 0.813), propionic acid (r = 0.780) and acetic acid (r = 0.635) indicate direct correlation between fermentation and synthesis activities of the rumen. Our results show that 2,6-diaminopimelic acid appears as a perspective marker for the monitoring and evaluation of the synthesis function of the rumen and production of bacterial biomass under breeding conditions.
Assessment of motor recovery and MRI correlates in a porcine spinal cord injury model
Authors: Šulla Igor , Bačiak Ladislav , Juránek Ivo , Cicholesová Tatiana , Boldižár Martin , Balik Vladimír , Lukáčová Nadežda 
Published: December 2014

The study concentrated on behavioral and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics in a porcine spinal cord injury model. Six adult minipigs weighing 32–35 kg were narcotized by thiopental, intubated, and placed on a volume-cycled ventilator. Anaesthesia was maintained by 1.5% sevoflurane with oxygen. Following location of the 1st lumbar vertebra animals were fastened in an immobilization frame. The spinal cord, exposed through a laminectomy, was compressed by a 5 mm thick circular rod with a peak force of 0.8 kg at a velocity of 3 cm·s-1. The next day the minipigs were paraplegic but improved rapidly to paraparesis. On the 12th postoperative day they were euthanasied. Neural tissue changes were evaluated by post mortem MRI, which showed damage to the spinal cord white and/or gray matter in the epicentre of compression with longitudinal spreading over one segment cranially and caudally. Statistical analyses performed by Spearman’s rho test revealed positive correlations between damaged areas and the whole area of the spinal cord white/gray matter (P = 0.047; rs = 0.742) and (P = 0.002; rs = 0.943), respectively. The study confirmed the reliability and reproducibility of the utilised model of spinal cord trauma. The structural changes in the epicentre of injury did not impede the rapid but incomplete recovery of motor functions.
Bibliography
Authors: Luca Ioana , Kurvet-Käosaar Leena 
Published: December 2014

The present bibliography is an attempt to bring together work on life writing from Eastern Europe. We welcome further references to national scholarship in the attempt to make more visible the Eastern European presence in life writing. The European Journal of Life Writing provides the ideal format for an open ended sharing of references to which all interested scholars in the field are invited to contribute.
Writing the Lives of the Poor
Authors: Ashplant T.G. 
Published: December 2014

The conference 'Writing the Lives of the Poor' arose out of a joint Anglo-German research project, “Pauper Letters and Petitions for Poor Relief in Germany and Great Britain,1770–1914”, funded by the UK’s Arts & Humanities Research Council,and directed by Prof. Steven King (University of Leicester) and Prof.Dr. Andreas Gestrich (Director, German Historical Institute London. These narratives comprise letters and petitions written by paupers seeking some form of relief. In describing the circumstances which led them to appeal for help, the authors construct autobiographical vignettes. The project aims to construct an online, edited corpus of such texts, which survive in considerable numbers in British and German archives.
Aminkomplexe des Golds, Teil 8: Zwei Pyridinderivate des Gold(I)-thiocyanats [1] / Amine Complexes of Gold, Part 8: Two Pyridine Derivatives of Gold(I) Thiocyanate
Authors: Döring Cindy , Jones Peter G. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The reaction between (tht)AuCl (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) and KSCN leads to a mixture possibly consisting of gold(I) thiocyanate and [Au(tht)2]+ [Au(SCN)2]-. This can be treated with pyridine to give the ionic derivative [Au(py)2]+ [Au(SCN)2]- (1), for which the structures of two polymorphs were determined. Orthorhombic polymorph 1a (space group Pbcn, Z = 4) consists of infinite chains of alternating cations and anions with all gold atoms lying on a twofold axis, whereas triclinic polymorph 1b (space group P1̅, Z = 2) contains isolated tetranuclear units cation···anion···anion···cation with inversion symmetry. In both patterns the gold atoms are linked by short aurophilic contacts. Attempts to recrystallize 1b from dichloromethane-diethyl ether led to small quantities of tetrapyridinium bis(dithiocyanatogold(I)) sulfate (2), (pyH)4[Au(SCN)2]2(SO4), which was identified by crystal structure analysis. The cations are associated with the sulfate ions by classical hydrogen bonds; aurophilic interactions between the anions lead to dimers, which further associate to chains by Au···S contacts.
1,2-Hydroboration and 1,1-Carboboration of Alkynyl(ferrocenyl)vinylsilanes. Novel Siloles
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Klimkina Elena V. , Milius Wolfgang , Butterhof Christian , Inzenhofer Kathrin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Alkynyl(ferrocenyl)vinylsilanes containing up to three alkynyl units were prepared and treated with 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN). All reactions proceeded in the beginning by regioselective 1,2-hydroboration of the vinyl group, with boron attached to the terminal carbon. This was followed by intra-molecular 1,1-carboboration, leading to fused silacarbacycles, depending on the number of C≡C bonds. Thus, new siloles and even fused siloles became available. The solution-state structures were revealed by multinuclear NMR techniques (1H, 11B, 13C, 29Si NMR), complemented by calculated single-molecule structures and calculated NMR parameters at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. In one case, the solid-state structure of a bicyclic derivative was determined.
Zr4CuSb7 – A PbFCl-related Polyantimonide, and Structure Relations of Zirconium-Transition Metal Polyantimonides
Authors: Greiwe Magnus , Nilges Tom 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Single crystals of tetrazirconium copper heptaantimonide were obtained by arc-melting and annealing from the elements in ideal ratios including a 10% excess of Sb. The excess of Sb is needed to compensate for the evaporation loss during arc-melting synthesis. Zr4CuSb7 crystallizes tetragonally, space group P4bm (no. 100) as a racemic twin. It adopts a unique structure that can be regarded as a composite of a PbClF unit and a layered, partially copper-substituted polyantimonide substructure. Zr4CuSb7 represents a filling and substitution variant of the Hf5Sb9 structure type. The copper atoms fill voids and partially replace antimony atoms in the 4.82 Sb net of the Hf5Sb9 polyantimonide substructure to form a distorted 44 net in Zr4CuSb7. Structure relations to known zirconium-transition metal polyantimonides are given, and new structures are predicted based on these relations.
The Gallium Intermetallics REPdGa3 (RE=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu) with SrPdGa3-type Structure
Authors: Seidel Stefan , Niehaus Oliver , Matar Samir F. , Janka Oliver , Gerke Birgit , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The gallium-rich intermetallic phases REPdGa3 (RE=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu) were obtained by arc-melting of the elements and subsequent annealing for crystal growth. The samples were studied by X-ray diffraction on powders and single crystals. The structures of three crystals were refined from X-ray diffractometer data: SrPdGa3 type, Cmcm, a=634.3(1), b=1027.2(1), c=593.5(1) pm, wR=0.0621, 380 F2 values, 20 variables for CePd0:80(4)Ga3:20(4), a=635.9(1), b=1027.5(1), c=592.0(1) pm, wR=0.1035, 457 F2 values, 19 variables for CePdGa3, and a=640.7(1), b=1038.2(1), c=593.7(1) pm, wR=0.0854, 489 F2 values, 19 variables for EuPdGa3. The REPdGa3 gallides are orthorhombic superstructure variants of the aristotype ThCr2Si2. The palladium and gallium atoms build up polyanionic [PdGa3]δ- networks with Pd-Ga and Ga-Ga distances of 248 - 254 and 266 - 297 pm, respectively, in EuPdGa3. The rare earth atoms fill cavities within the polyanionic networks. They are coordinated by five palladium and twelve gallium atoms. Taking CePdGa3 as an illustrative representative, the band structure calculations show largely dispersive itinerant s, p bands and little dispersive d (Pd) and f (Ce) bands, the latter crossing the Fermi level at large magnitude leading to magnetic instability in a spin-degenerate state and a subsequent antiferromagnetic ground state with a small moment of ±0.36 μB on Ce. The bonding characteristics indicate a prevailing Ce-Ga bonding versus Pd-Ga and Ce-Pd. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility and 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements point to stable trivalent lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium, but divalent europium. SmPdGa3 shows intermediate valence. Antiferromagnetic ordering occurs at TN =5.1(5), 7.0(5), 6.3(5), 11.9(5), and 23.0(5) for RE=Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Eu, respectively.
Calix[4]arene Derivatives of Titanium and Zirconium Alkoxides
Authors: Czakler Matthias , Artner Christine , Maurer Christian , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Reaction of Ti(OBu)4 or Zr(OBu)4 with tbutyl-calix[4]arene, calixtBu(OH)4, led to the formation of Ti2(OBu)2[calixtBuO3(OH)]2 and Zr3(OBu)8(calixtBuO4), respectively. Upon in situ generation of water in the reaction with Zr(OBu)4, the partially hydrolyzed compound Zr4O(OBu)6(calixtBuO4)2 (BuOH)2 was isolated.
Thiocyanate Anchors for Salt-like Iron(II) Complexes on Au(111): Promises and Caveats
Authors: Stock Philipp , Erbe Andreas , Buck Manfred , Wiedemann Dennis , Ménard Hervé , Hörner Gerald , Grohmann Andreas 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) from solution has been investigated for two ionic iron(II) complexes of the type [Fe(L)](BF4)2, where L is tripodal hexadentate and contains three thiocyanate anchor groups. The ligands (L1, L2; donor set: N6) are obtained by Schiff base condensation of a tripodal triamine (L1: tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine, ‘tren’; L2: 1,1′,1″- trimethyl(thiophosphoryl)trihydrazide) with 5-(4-thiocyanatobutoxy) pyridine-2-carbaldehyde. Layers of the complexes adsorbed on Au(111) from methanol solution have been characterised using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), infrared reflectance absorbance (IRRAS), X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and UV=Vis reflectance spectroscopies, as well as ellipsometry. Complex [Fe(L1)](BF4)2 deposits intact on a gold surface and retains its optical addressability. Elaboration of this result may provide access to a new class of self-assembled layers, employing salt-like tripodal coordination compounds with thiocyanate anchors. The second complex, [Fe(L2)](BF4)2, which contains a sulphur atom in the ligand backbone, is not sufficiently stable under the same conditions.
Convenient Synthesis and Molecular Structure of the Cyclometallated Complex [IrCl(H)(C6H4PPh2)(PPh3)2]
Authors: Böttcher Hans-Christian , Mayer Peter 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The reaction of [{Ir(μ-Cl)(coe)2}2] (coe=cis-cyclooctene) with triphenylphosphane (molar ratio of Ir to P=1 : 3) in dichloromethane at room temperature afforded after a short reaction time the cyclometallated complex [IrCl(H)(C6H4PPh2)(PPh3)2] (1) in almost quantitative yield. The molecular structure of the title compound 1 was determined by an X-ray diffraction study.
CsOH and its Lighter Homologues – a Comparison
Authors: Wörsching Matthias , Hoch Constantin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Cesium hydroxide, CsOH, was for the first time characterised on the basis of single-crystal data. The structure is isotypic to the one of the room-temperature modification of NaOH and can be derived from the NaCl structure type thus allowing the comparison of all alkali metal hydroxide structures. Raman spectroscopic investigations show the hydroxide anion to behave almost as a free ion as in the gas phase. The X-ray investigations indicate possible H atom positions.
Distibylation of Acetylenes with Ph2Sb–SbPh2: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Phosphorescence Properties of Bis(diphenylstibyl)ethenes
Authors: Ohshita Joji , Tsuchida Toshiyuki , Murakami Kazuya , Ooyama Yousuke , Nakanishi Takayuki , Hasegawa Yasuchika , Kobayashi Norifumi , Higashimura Hideyuki 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Treatment of tetraphenyldistibine (1) with terminal arylacetylenes, XC6H5C≡CH (2a-c, X=H, F, OMe), gave the corresponding anti-addition products (E)-aryl-1,2-bis(diphenylstibyl)ethenes 3a-c in 11 - 17% yields. A similar reaction of 1 with 1,4-diphenylbutadiyne provided (E)-1,4-diphenyl- 1,2-bis(diphenylstibyl)but-1-en-3-yne (3d) in 28% yield. X-Ray diffraction studies on crystals of 3a, 3b and 3d revealed a congested configuration around the ethylene core. The optical properties of the adducts 3a-d were examined by measuring UV absorption and photoluminescence spectra. Interestingly, 3d showed phosphorescence in the solid state, which was enhanced at low temperature.
Siloxide Complexes of Chromium(II), Manganese(II), Cobalt(II), and Chromium(III) Incorporating Potassium(I)
Authors: König Sonja N. , Maichle-Mössmer Cäcilia , Törnroos Karl W. , Anwander Reiner 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Heteroleptic ate complexes of the type K[M{N(SiMe3)2}2{OSi(OtBu)3}] (M = Cr, Mn, Co) were synthesized by adding one equivalent of the potassium salt KOSi(OtBu)3 to the bis(trimethylsilyl)amide precursors [Cr{N(SiMe3)2}2(thf)2], [Mn{N(SiMe3)2}2(thf)] and [Co{N(SiMe3)2}2(thf)], respectively. Surprisingly, the reaction of CrCl3(thf)3 with only two equivalents of KOSi(OtBu)3 yielded the homoleptic ate complex K[Cr{OSi(OtBu)3}4]. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and DRIFT spectroscopy as well as X-ray crystallography.
Digold(I) Complexes Derived from 5,5′-Bibenzimidazolin-2-ylidene Ligands
Authors: Jahnke Mareike C. , Schulte to Brinke Christian , Hahn F. Ekkehardt 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The 5,5′-bibenzimidazolium dibromide salts 2 and 3 have been prepared by fourfold N-alkylation of 5,5′-bibenzimidazole (2: R=Pr; 3: R=Bu). The diazolium salts were treated with silver oxide, and the in situ-formed silver complexes were subsequently reacted with [AuCl(SMe2)] to give the dinuclear gold complexes 4 and 5. The molecular structure of complex 5 has been determined by X-ray diffraction showing linearly coordinated gold(I) centers and, most likely due to steric crowding around the metal centers, no aurophilic interactions.
Tissue Management With Tri-Staple Technology in Major and Minor Laparoscopic Liver Resections
Authors: Scuderi Vincenzo , Troisi Roberto I. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOne of the most relevant technologic advancements in laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is owing to the improved ability to safely secure and divide vascular and biliary structures and the liver parenchyma by the use of endostaplers. We compared, retrospectively, 35 LLRs with the Tri-Staple technology versus 57 LLRs without, during a 14-month period. Colorectal liver metastases were overall the main indication for LLR. Neither major hepatectomy nor left lateral sectionectomy was done in the nonstapled group. Mean surgical time and blood loss were similar, whereas the tumor number and size were significantly larger in the stapled group (P ≤ 0.01). The conversion rate was 0% and 3.5% (n = 2); and the morbidity rate was 9% (n = 3) and 12% (n = 7), respectively, in the stapled and nonstapled group (P = 0.8). No overall 3-month mortality was recorded. Endo GIA Reloads with Tri-Staple technology allow a proper division of the intrahepatic vessels and biliary structure. These devices in LLRs are safe and feasible, allowing major hepatectomy and complex cases as 2-staged procedures and laparoscopic living donor liver resections.
Unusual Bleeding From Hepaticojejunostomy Controlled by Adult Variable Stiffness Colonoscopy: Report of a Case and Literature Review
Authors: Baba Hiroyuki , Wakabayashi Mai , Oba Atsushi , Baba Hironobu , Mitsuoka Akito , Nakamura Hiroshi , Sanada Takahiro , Kuwabara Hiroshi , Nakajima Kazumi , Goseki Narihide , Ishida Hideyuki 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We herein present a case of a 59-year-old man who had undergone pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with regional lymph node dissection prior to episodes of melena. Series of conventional endoscopic investigations failed to identify the bleeding source. Enhanced computed tomography scan revealed complete obstruction of the main portal vein with numerous collateral veins running towards the hepatic hilus. Comprehensively, hemorrhage from the jejunal varices caused by postoperative portal hypertension was highly suspected. As the jejunal loop was out of reach, adult variable-stiffness colonoscope (AVSC) was utilized to solve the Roux-en-Y anatomy. Numerous telangiectasis and small varices at hepaticojejunostomy were observed and in the mean time, bleeding was noticed and endoclips were placed without any delay. Ectopic variceal bleeding in jejunal loop after pancreaticoduodenectomy is difficult to manage. We believe that AVSC is an alternative device when specialized jejunal endoscopy is not available.