bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erythromelanosis Folliculitis Faciei – A Case Report and Management Insights
Authors: Koh Yi Zhe , Wee Lynette Wei Yi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Erythromelanosis folliculitis faciei (EFF) is an underdiagnosed and rare pigmentary condition characterized by asymptomatic symmetrical erythema, hyperpigmentation, and follicular papules over the face and neck. We report a case of a 13-year-old Chinese boy, with a strong atopic background of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, who presents with cosmetically troubling asymptomatic dyspigmentation over the bilateral cheeks since he was 18 months old. The clues to diagnosis included the morphology of the persistent rash, as well as prominent keratosis pilaris over his proximal limbs. This report aims to discuss the clinical spectrum of EFF and its differential diagnoses and review existing literature on therapeutic options.
Effect of Nonionic Iodinated Contrast Media on Blood Pressure during Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography of Abdomen Examination: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Betkar Dakshata Dattaram , Jaseemudheen M. M. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Computed tomography (CT) scan has high sensitivity and specificity for numerous conditions. The images produced by a CT scanner can be enhanced using iodinated contrast media. Significant hemodynamic changes are seen with rapid intravenous contrast media injection. The average acceptable blood pressure (BP) value is 120/80 mmHg. Many studies have related hypertensive crises with high-osmolar contrast media, whereas its relation with low-osmolar contrast media is still unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effect of nonionic iodinated contrast media on BP during contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the abdomen.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2022 to August 2023. A total of 146 subjects (73 males and 73 females were included in the study). Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS 23.0. A comparison of systolic BP and diastolic BP across the three periods was done using repeated measures of ANOVA. A between-group comparison was performed by unpaired t-test. The level of significance was set as 5%. All subjects underwent a CECT abdomen, including a plain, arterial, and venous phase. A bolus of 80 mL of Ultravist was administered. BP was measured before the contrast injection (baseline value), between the arterial and venous phases, and 3 min after the contrast injection.

Results:
Injection of nonionic contrast media caused a decrease in BP among subjects. The mean systolic BP readings before contrast injection in males and females were 127.5 ± 8 mmHg and 122.8 ± 8.4 mmHg, respectively. The mean diastolic BP before contrast injection was 79.2 ± 6.4 and 76 ± 6.4 mmHg among males and females, respectively. For systolic, these values decreased to 123 ± 10.3 mmHg in males and in females to 115 ± 14.6 mmHg when measured between arterial and venous phases. Similarly, for diastolic BP, the mean values recorded between the arterial-venous phase reduced to 76.7 ± 9.3 mmHg and 72.3 ± 10 mmHg, respectively. The BP readings, however, increased near baseline value when measured 3 min after the injection. The mean systolic BP measured 126.1 ± 8.5 mmHg and 124.9 ± 11.8 mmHg for males and females at 3 min after injection. Similarly, the mean diastolic BP values taken after 3 min of contrast injection were 78.3 ± 6.5 mmHg and 76.2 ± 7 mmHg in males and females, respectively, P < 0.001. BP in both male and female groups was affected similarly.

Conclusion:
Bolus administration of 80 mL of Ultravist reduced BP. This reduction was short-term and got back to normal within a few minutes. The contrast media similarly affected both genders. The BP changes had no clinical significance.
Dentist Dilemmas on Replacing Single Missing Teeth; Implant versus Fixed Partial Denture – A Survey among Practicing Dentists
Authors: El-Kholey Khalid Eid , Ramasamy Saravanan , Alaslani Husam Hussein , Hamam Wedd Mohammed , Aljuhani Abdulkareem Shehb , Alsharif Abdulrahman Abdulelah 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental implant and fixed bridges are the common and acceptable means of prosthetic restoration of missing tooth. Although each is a viable treatment option, the implant restoration has definite advantages. A major shortcoming of the fixed bridge is the significant tooth reduction of the abutments. This study aimed to know the reasons that make some dentists choose a dental bridge in the edentulous area with adjacent sound teeth over the implant in cases suitable for implant.

Materials and Methods:
An observational questionnaire study was conducted between January and May 2022. An online questionnaire was sent to qualified dentists practicing in different cities of Saudi Arabia. Absolute frequencies were used to describe the data.

Results:
A total of 602 dentists received the questionnaire, and 430 responded, resulting in a response rate of 71.7%. The majority of responders (98%) recommended implant as a first choice to replace missing tooth when both implant and fixed bridge can be used in case of sound abutments. However, they mentioned factors such as cost of treatment, patient wishes, and patient’s medical condition act as an obstacle or difficulty to support their use of the implant in some cases.

Conclusions:
More efforts should be done to encourage dentists to select appropriate treatment option of proven scientific basis without any bias. Patients should be given more information about the advantages of implant over fixed partial denture and should be motivated. Finally, more support from implant companies should be encouraged as well as more knowledge and skill about implant dentistry should be gives during undergraduate courses.
A Cross-sectional Study Assessing the Saudi Population’s Awareness and Perception of the Nutritional and Medicinal Benefits of the Miracle Tree: Moringa oleifera
Authors: Khaled Hayet Ben , Alenzi Shouk Khalid , Aldhafiri Futoon Jamal , Alanazi Razan Abdulaziz , Alshammari Bayader , Alanazi Shatha Sulaiman 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The Moringa genus, which is part of the Moringaceae family, has thirteen distinct species of fast-growing, multipurpose deciduous or evergreen trees. Moringa is widely recognized for both its high nutritional content when consumed by humans and its wide range of advantageous medical uses. In this study, the Saudi population’s awareness and impression of the nutritional and therapeutic benefits of Moringa were assessed in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
Over the course of two months, a cross-sectional study was carried out in a number of Saudi Arabian locations. A questionnaire was used to gather data from 330 Saudi participants who were selected at random for the study.

Results:
The majority of respondents (approximately 79%) were female, and the greatest percentage (73%) belonged to the 18 to 29 age group. Sixty-six percent of the participants were well educated. Of the research participants, 87% said they were among the first to try new food products and more than two-thirds (69%) reported utilizing herbal products. The total knowledge score about Moringa was 32%; the mean score for understanding the plant’s health advantages was 34%, and the mean score for understanding its nutritional value was 31%. Approximately 20% of the participants said that they were eating Moringa, and 59% of them expressed a high level of satisfaction with the advantages that came with its use. Of those who had never used it, about 55 expressed willingness to try it if it was made available to them.

Conclusion:
There was a lack of knowledge among Saudi citizens about the nutritional benefits and health advantages of the Moringa plant. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the dissemination of information about the benefits of Moringa oleifera, particularly its role in disease prevention and treatment.
Pattern of Medical Comorbidities among Patients of Postpartum Psychosis at a Tertiary Care Center of Central India
Authors: Maravi Prashant , Mishra Dheerendra Kumar , Mishra Nimisha , Kushwah Suneel Singh , Gangwal Riya , Sandhu Simran 
Published: July 2024

Background and Aim:
The reproductive age group is vulnerable to various preexisting psychiatric disorders as well as newly diagnosed illnesses. The stress associated during pregnancy increases the likelihood of developing psychiatric comorbidities even more. Of importance are postpartum blues, depression, and psychosis. The presence of various medical comorbidities may be a contributing factor for the development of psychiatric illnesses. This study was done to find the pattern of medical comorbidities among patients of postpartum psychosis.

Materials and Methods:
The study was carried out at the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa (Madhya Pradesh). Total duration of the study was 1 year, all patients diagnosed with postpartum psychosis (n = 88) were segregated using simple random sampling and every 2nd patient was included in the study (n = 44). Further, necessary assessments were carried out and patients were discharged postrecovery.

Results:
In the present study, 59.09% of patients (26) belonged to the age group 25–35 years, 81.81% of patients (36) were from lower socioeconomic status, housewives 79.54% (35), and 36.36% (16) were middle school educated. About 63.63% of patients (28) females were nulliparous. About 59.09% of patients (26) were delivered through cesarean section. The most prevalent medical comorbidity was postpartum infection which was present in 50% of the patients (22), followed by hypothyroidism in 43.18% of patients (19).

Conclusion:
Various medical comorbidities may precipitate, maintain, or aggravate underlying postpartum psychosis which may alter their course progression and outcome.
Serum Ferritin and Procalcitonin as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Sepsis in an Emergency Department: A Clinical Study
Authors: Nair Sreejith R. , Manoj M. T. , Thiruvoth Sohanlal 
Published: July 2024

Background and Aim:
Sepsis, a life-threatening condition, presents diagnostic challenges due to its heterogeneous nature. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for timely intervention. Serum biomarkers, such as ferritin and procalcitonin (PCT), have been explored for their potential in sepsis diagnosis, but the outcomes are inconclusive. The current study was an attempt to further explore the usefulness of ferritin and PCT as sepsis biomarkers.

Material and Methods:
A prospective study involving 149 patients assessed serum ferritin and PCT levels in those with features suggestive of sepsis. Patients were categorized into sepsis and nonsepsis groups based on the clinical judgment of the emergency physicians. Statistical analyses, including the Mann–Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, were conducted to evaluate the diagnostic utility of these biomarkers.

Results:
Serum ferritin levels did not exhibit a statistically significant difference between sepsis and nonsepsis groups (P = 0.698). In contrast, PCT levels were significantly higher in sepsis cases (P = 0.011). ROC analysis identified an optimal PCT cutoff value of 0.085, offering high sensitivity (92.5) but lower specificity (16.7).

Conclusion:
PCT proved valuable as a diagnostic marker for sepsis. Serum ferritin, on the other hand, did not demonstrate statistical significance as a diagnostic marker for sepsis, its potential role in specific septic conditions and disease severity monitoring warrants further investigation.
Generalized Eruptive Histiocytosis or Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: A Clinicopathological Conundrum of Coexistence or Xanthomatization
Authors: Murthy Aravind Baskar , Palaniappan Vijayasankar , Selvaarasan Jayapratha , Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Diseases under the non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) group often share clinical and histological similarities, making proper delineation highly challenging. A two-year-old female child presented with multiple, small raised asymptomatic lesions all over the body for one year. Cutaneous examination showed multiple brownish flat-topped and yellowish-brown dome-shaped papules scattered all over the body with hyperpigmented macules over the face. A provisional diagnosis of generalized eruptive histiocytosis (GEH) was made. But the dermoscopy and histopathological examination of flat-topped and dome-shaped papules showed features suggestive of generalized eruptive histiocytosis and juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) respectively, with a few overlapping features. Systemic examination was found to be normal. Hence an overlap of GEH and JXG was considered, with a thought of ongoing xanthomatization of GEH lesions. The transformation of GEH into xanthoma disseminatum, multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, progressive nodular histiocytosis, and juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) has been reported. It has also been reported that GEH and JXG, the two entities that belong to a continuous spectrum of histiocytoses with xanthogranulomatous pathology, can rarely co-exist in the same individual. The distinction between GEH and JXG is crucial, as they may require different management strategies. Our case stresses the fact that relying only on clinical diagnosis can be deceiving owing to the overlapping clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features of histiocytoses.
YAP1::KMT2A fusion-positive sarcoma: An emerging soft tissue tumor entity with morphological features resembling a sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma
Authors: Agarwal Ayush , Rekhi Bharat , Goel Vineeta , Bajpai Jyoti , Rastogi Sameer 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) constitute a morphological continuum with certain overlapping histopathological features and MUC 4 immunopositivity. SEF is characterized by EWSR1 gene rearrangement, is relatively more aggressive and shows a limited response to chemotherapy. Lately, a subset of tumors with morphological features of SEF, but lacking MUC4 immunostaining and EWSR1 gene rearrangement have been observed. We report the first case of YAP1::KMT2A-positive sarcoma from the Indian subcontinent along with a review of similar tumors reported previously. A case of 31-year-old male presented with a 3 cm painful lump in the right suboccipital region. Histopathological examination of the excised specimen revealed a cellular tumor composed of atypical spindle and epithelioid cells, exhibiting moderate nuclear pleomorphism, arranged in cords, embedded in a dense collagenous/hyalinized stroma. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for cyclin D1 and negative for MUC4, desmin, myogenin, β-catenin, STAT6, myoD1, SMA, and S100P. By fluorescence in-situ hybridization, EWSR1 gene rearrangement was negative. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed YAP1exon5::KMT2Aexon4 fusion. Given a positive resection margin, he underwent a revision surgery involving wide local excision of the lesion including the outer table of the occipital bone followed by image-guided radiation therapy. Over 2 years of his follow-up, the patient is alive with no evidence of recurrence. Thus, YAP1::KMT2A positive sarcomas have distinct molecular and overlapping histopathological features with SEF, with relatively less aggressive disease course. Documentation of additional similar tumors with long-term follow-up is required.
Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma of the maxilla: A diagnosis not to be missed
Authors: Agrawal Shruti , Mishra Sonali , Raviraj Kavya Udyavar , Jha Nishi , Kumar Arvind , Madhupriya  
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare malignant spindle cell neoplasm that characteristically involves the trunk and extremities. The bland morphological appearance of the tumor makes it notoriously difficult for the pathologist to identify in routine microscopic sections especially when the tumor is located at unconventional sites. This ensues significant therapeutic implications as the tumor is known for long-standing distant metastasis. This case involves a 48-year-old lady who was diagnosed with this tumor at an extremely uncommon site as maxilla. The case report highlights the importance of meticulous histological examination and careful selection of immuno-histochemical markers in diagnosing this entity which might otherwise be missed clinico-radiologically.
Phytochemicals in vital tooth bleaching: Spectrophotometric evaluation of efficacy with papaya, pineapple, or kiwi extracts and 30% hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Solanki Manali N. , Attur Kailash Madivalayya , Vachhani Kiran A. , Patel Nikunj A. , Shah Moksha A. , Doshi Dhruvi M. 
Published: July 2024

Context:
Dental bleaching, a common cosmetic treatment, typically uses hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Yet, the search for natural options has prompted an investigation into fruit extract efficacies such as papain, bromelain, and actinidin for tooth whitening.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 30% hydrogen peroxide and fruit extracts (papaya, pineapple, and kiwi) on human enamel using a spectrophotometer at different time intervals.

Study Design:
Eighty maxillary anterior teeth were stained with tea solution and evaluated for baseline color. They were then divided into four groups: hydrogen peroxide alone and hydrogen peroxide combined with papaya, pineapple, or kiwi extracts. Each group was further divided based on bleaching duration: 10 or 20 min.

Materials and Methods:
The color value of the bleached teeth was measured using a reflectance spectrophotometer. In order to analyze the data, one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey, and paired t-tests were used. The significance level was established at α =0.05.

Results:
Combining hydrogen peroxide with pineapple extract showed the highest efficacy, followed by papaya and kiwi extracts. Hydrogen peroxide alone also demonstrated significant bleaching efficacy, albeit lower than the combinations with fruit extracts.

Conclusion:
Combining hydrogen peroxide with pineapple and papaya extracts notably improves dental bleaching efficacy, as shown by reduced color difference (ΔE) values. This underscores the potential of natural enzymes in tooth whitening.
Multimodal Biometric Analysis: Exploring Lip Print, Fingerprint, and Blood Group Correlations in the Firozabad Populations
Authors: Singh Shailja , Minj Kimee Hiuna , Jamal Sana , Saharan Sameer , Mishra Priyakanksha , Singh Pushplata , Sinha Vaishali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This study aimed to establish a relationship between blood groups, fingerprint types, and lip prints that can be utilized to distinguish between genders when identifying a person.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted among 200 female and male participants ages 28 of Firozabad-based populations. Along with the blood types, finger, and lip print patterns were also gathered. For statistical analysis, SPSS Normal H. Nie, standford, california, united states was employed. The qualitative factors’ frequency and percentages were determined.

Results:
In the present study, overall Type II lip print in males and Type III lip print in females, loop fingerprint pattern and blood group O(+)ve in both sexes were most prevalent, and our findings were matched with the study of Harsha and Jayaraj, in which Type II (39.9%), loops 27 (42.2%), and blood group O(+)ve were observed predominantly.

Conclusion:
Personal identification of an individual can be greatly aided by personal characteristics such as blood group type, fingerprints, and lip prints. The most frequent patterns in our study were the Type II lip pattern in the males and Type III lip pattern in females, blood group O+, and the loop fingerprint pattern.
Using a machine learning algorithm and clinical data to predict the risk factors of disease recurrence after adjuvant treatment of advanced-stage oral cavity cancer
Authors: Huang Sheng-Yao , Hsu Ren-Jun , Liu Dai-Wei , Hsu Wen-Lin 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Head-and-neck cancer is a major cancer in Taiwan. Most patients are in the advanced stage at initial diagnosis. In addition to primary surgery, adjuvant therapy, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, is also necessary to treat these patients. We used a machine learning tool to determine the factors that may be associated with and predict treatment outcome.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 187 patients diagnosed with advanced-stage head-and-neck cancer who received surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. We used eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) – a gradient tree-based model – to analyze data. The features were extracted from the entries we recorded from the electronic health-care system and paper medical record. The patient data were categorized into training and testing datasets, with labeling according to their recurrence status within the 5-year follow-up. The primary endpoint was to predict whether the patients had recurrent disease. The risk factors were identified by analyzing the feature importance in the model. For comparison, we also used regression to perform the variate analysis to identify the risk factors.

Results:
The accuracy, sensitivity, and positive predictive value of the model were 57.89%, 57.14%, and 44.44%, respectively. Pathological lymph node status was the most important feature, followed by whether the patient was receiving chemotherapy. Fraction size, early termination, and interruption were the important factors related to radiotherapy and might affect treatment outcome. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.58. The risk factors identified by XGBoost were consistent with those found by regression.

Conclusion:
We found that several factors were associated with treatment outcome in advanced-stage head-and-neck cancer. In future, we hope to collect the data according to the features introduced in this study and to construct a stronger model to explain and predict outcomes.
Exploration of the mechanism of tetramethoxyflavone in treating osteoarthritis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Chen Ping , Ye Baibai , Lin Cheng , Zhang Chenning , Chen Jia , Li Linfu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of TMF (5,7,3’,4’-tetramethoxyflavone) in treating osteoarthritis (OA) using network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Materials and Methods:
Databases including SwissTargetPrediction, BATMAN-TCM, PharmMapper, TargetNet, SuperPred, and SEA were utilized to screen the targets of TMF. “OA” was used as the disease keyword to predict OA-related genes through GeneCards, Therapeutic Target Database, PharmGKB, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. The Venn diagram was employed to identify the intersection of predicted targets between TMF and OA as potential targets for TMF in treating OA. The intersection targets were input into the STRING 12.0 online database to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and identify core targets. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape V3.5 online database platform. Finally, molecular docking between TMF and core targets was conducted using AutoDockTools 1.5.6.

Results:
A total of 228 intersection targets for TMF treating OA were obtained, and PPI network analysis identified 5 core targets: STAT3, SRC, CTNNB1, EGFR, and AKT1. GO enrichment analysis yielded 2736 results, while KEGG analysis identified 203 pathways. Most elated GO and KEGG items of TMF in treating OA may include hormonal responses, antiviral and anticancer effects, anti-inflammation, phosphorus metabolism, phosphate metabolism, nitrogen compound responses, cancer-related pathways, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking revealed good binding affinities between TMF and all core targets except STAT3.

Conclusion:
TMF might act on multiple targets and activate diverse pathways to intervene in OA, revealing the molecular processes involved in TMF treatment of OA.