bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Potential for Understanding Groundwater Contaminant Transport
Authors: Hadley Paul W. , Newell Charles 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe groundwater remediation field has been changing constantly since it first emerged in the 1970s. The remediation field has evolved from a dissolved‐phase centric conceptual model to a DNAPL‐dominated one, which is now being questioned due to a renewed appreciation of matrix diffusion effects on remediation. Detailed observations about contaminant transport have emerged from the remediation field, and challenge the validity of one of the mainstays of the groundwater solute transport modeling world: the concept of mechanical dispersion (Payne et al. 2008). We review and discuss how a new conceptual model of contaminant transport based on diffusion (the usurper) may topple the well‐established position of mechanical dispersion (the status quo) that is commonly used in almost every groundwater contaminant transport model, and evaluate the status of existing models and modeling studies that were conducted using advection‐dispersion models.
Study of the distribution of active caspase‐3‐positive cells in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), enteromyxosis
Authors: Losada A P , Bermúdez R , Faílde L D , de Ocenda M V Ruiz , Quiroga M I 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEnteromyxosis caused by Enteromyxum scophthalmi is one of the parasitizations with a higher economic impact on turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), aquaculture. This myxosporean produces severe catarrhal enteritis with abundant inflammatory infiltrates in the lamina propria‐submucosa (LP), epithelial detachment and leucocyte depletion of the lymphohaematopoietic organs. Some advances made on the pathogenesis pointed to a role of apoptosis in the enteromyxosis. Therefore, the main aim of this work was to employ the TUNEL assay and the anti‐(active caspase‐3) immunohistochemical assay to detect apoptotic cells in both healthy and E. scophthalmi‐infected turbot in order to establish the presence and distribution of apoptotic cells during development of the disease. More apoptotic cells located within the gastrointestinal epithelium were observed in the initial stages of the infection in E. scophthalmi‐infected turbot compared with non‐infected turbot. As the infection progressed, a higher degree of apoptosis occurred in the epithelium of folds heavily parasitized. In the severely infected turbot, apoptosis was also found among the leucocytes of the intestinal inflammatory infiltrates. Moreover, the number of active caspase‐3‐positive cells in the lymphohaematopoietic organs tended to increase with disease severity. In view of the results, increased apoptosis in the epithelium may favour the scaling that occurs during enteromyxosis and cell death of leucocytes in the intestinal LP, contributing to leucocyte depletion in severe cases.
Clinicopathological significance of the peritumoral decreased uptake area of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nishie Akihiro , Asayama Yoshiki , Ishigami Kousei , Kakihara Daisuke , Nakayama Tomohiro , Ushijima Yasuhiro , Takayama Yukihisa , Shirabe Ken , Fujita Nobuhiro , Kubo Yuichiro , Hirakawa Masakazu , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground and AimA faint hypointensity in the noncancerous tissue around hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the hepatobiliary phase of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is encountered. The goal is to elucidate the significance of this type of pseudolesion designated as the peritumoral decreased uptake area of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA) (PDUAE).MethodsThis study group consisted of 61 patients with 61 surgically resected HCCs who underwent preoperative Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI. The presence of a faint and hypointense area around the tumor in the hepatobiliary phase was defined as PDUAE. The frequency with which PDUAE was seen was compared between pairs of groups determined by clinical and pathological parameters using a Fisher's exact probability test. The parameters showing significant differences in this test were further tested by multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsPDUAE was observed in 25 cases. In univariate analysis, the values of alpha‐fetoprotein and protein‐induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist‐II, maximal diameter, the presence of a capsule, and vascular invasion were significantly correlated with the frequency with which PDUAE was seen. In multivariate analysis, only maximal diameter and vascular invasion were significantly correlated. When the presence of PDUAE was used as an indicator of vascular invasion, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 72%, 80.6%, 77%, 72%, and 80.6%, respectively.ConclusionsBy using this indicator, “microscopic” vascular invasion of HCC can be easily predicted with Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI.
Mortality associated with proton pump inhibitors in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Kwon Jee Hye , Koh Seong‐Joon , Kim Won , Jung Yong Jin , Kim Ji Won , Kim Byeong Gwan , Lee Kook Lae , Im Jong Pil , Kim Yoon Jun , Kim Joo Sung , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Lee Hyo‐Suk , Jung Hyun Chae 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground and AimThe aims of this study were to investigate whether acid suppressive therapy increases the risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and to define factors associated with mortality in cirrhotic patients with SBP.MethodsCirrhotic patients who had undergone paracentesis after hospitalization were included. Those patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of SBP. Factors associated with the development of SBP were analyzed. Mortality rates during hospitalization or within 30 days after SBP and the factors associated with mortality were also analyzed.ResultsA total of 1140 patients (median age, 62; men, 75%; model for end‐stage liver disease [MELD] score, 17) were included. Five hundred thirty‐three patients were identified as having SBP. In the logistic regression, the use of histamine‐2 receptor antagonists, the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a high admission MELD score, and old age were associated with the development of SBP. The use of PPIs within 30 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.960; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.190–3.227; P = 0.008), a higher admission MELD score (aOR 1.054; 95% CI 1.032–1.076; P < 0.001), and hepatocellular carcinoma (aOR 1.852; 95% CI 1.256–2.730; P = 0.002) were associated with mortality after SBP.ConclusionsAcid suppressive therapy is associated with the development of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites. The use of PPIs is associated with mortality after SBP independent of the severity of the underlying liver disease in our retrospective cohort study.
A comparative study of 4 Fr versus 6 Fr nasobiliary drainage catheters: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Ishigaki Takashi , Sasaki Tamito , Serikawa Masahiro , Minami Tomoyuki , Okazaki Akihito , Yukutake Masanobu , Ishii Yasutaka , Kosaka Keiichi , Mouri Teruo , Yoshimi Satoshi , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground and AimDespite the benefits of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (NBD) in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and nose/throat discomfort can result. We aimed to determine whether the use of a smaller catheter alleviates these complications.MethodA randomized, controlled trial at a tertiary care center compared 4 Fr and 6 Fr NBD catheters; 165 ERCP patients with naïve papillae were randomly assigned to a catheter‐size group.ResultsThe prevalence of PEP was significantly lower in the 4 Fr group (3.7%; 3/82) than in the 6 Fr group (15.7%; 13/83; P = 0.019). No spontaneous catheter displacement occurred within 24 h. Discomfort visual analog scores were 2.6 and 4.3 in the 4 Fr and 6 Fr groups, respectively (P = 0.0048) on procedure day; on the following day, the scores were 2.3 and 3.6 (P = 0.028). Bile output was 16.3 mL/h and 21.4 mL/h in the 4 Fr and 6 Fr groups (P = 0.051). On obstructive jaundice subgroup analysis, bile drainage was 19.2 mL/h and 22.1 mL/h in the 4 Fr and 6 Fr groups (P = 0.40). The 4 Fr group required 5.6 days to reduce bilirubin levels versus 6.1 days in the 6 Fr group (P = 0.51).ConclusionsIn patients with naïve papillae, lower rates of PEP and less nose/throat discomfort are associated with the use of 4 Fr NBD catheters. In patients with obstructive jaundice, 4 Fr and 6 Fr catheters are comparable with regard to bile output and bilirubin level reduction.
Anti‐inflammatory mechanism of metformin and its effects in intestinal inflammation and colitis‐associated colon cancer
Authors: Koh Seong‐Joon , Kim Jung Mogg , Kim In‐Kyoung , Ko Su Hyuk , Kim Joo Sung 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground and AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of metformin on intestinal inflammation.MethodsCOLO205 cells were pretreated with metformin and stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. Expression of interleukin (IL)‐8 was determined by luciferase assay and real‐time PCR. Inhibitor of kappaB (IκB) phosphorylation/degradation and adenosine monohosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity were evaluated by Western blotting. DNA‐binding activity of transcription factor nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In an acute colitis model, mice were given 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 5 days. IL‐10−/− mice were used to evaluate the effect of metformin on chronic colitis. In an inflamation‐associated tumor model, mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane followed by three cycles of 2% DSS for 5 days and 2 weeks of free water consumption.ResultsMetformin significantly inhibited IL‐8 induction in COLO 205 cells stimulated with TNF‐α. Metformin attenuated IκBα phosphorylation and NF‐κB DNA‐binding activity. Administration of metformin significantly reduced the severity of DSS‐induced colitis. In addition, DSS‐induced IκB kinase (IKK) activation was significantly reduced in mice treated with metformin. Metformin significantly attenuated the severity of colitis in IL‐10−/− mice, induced AMPK activity in intestinal epithelial cells, and inhibited the development of colitic cancer in mice.ConclusionsThese results indicate that metformin suppresses NF‐κB activation in intestinal epithelial cells and ameliorates murine colitis and colitis‐associated tumorigenesis in mice, suggesting that metformin could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Diphenyl diselenide differently modulates cardiovascular redox responses in young adult and middle-aged low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout hypercholesterolemic mice
Authors: Mancini Gianni , de Oliveira Jade , Hort Mariana Appel , Moreira Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar , Ribeiro-do-Valle Rosa Maria , Rocha João Batista Texeira , de Bem Andreza Fabro 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The present work aimed to investigate the effect of (PhSe)2 on cardiovascular age-related oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic mice.

Methods
To this end, LDL receptor knockout (LDLr−/−) mice, 3 months (young adult) and 12 months (middle-aged) old, were orally treated with (PhSe)2.

Key findings
Hypercholesterolemia, regardless of age, impaired the mitochondrial antioxidant defence in the cardiac tissue, which was characterized by a decline in mitochondrial aortic glutathione (GSH) levels and increased reactive oxygen species production in the heart. (PhSe)2 treatment improved GSH levels, thioredoxin reductase (TRxR) and GSH reductase (GR) activity, and decreased malondialdehyde levels in the heart of young adult LDLr−/− mice. Moreover, (PhSe)2 increased GPx activity in both age groups, and GR activity in the aorta of middle-aged LDLr−/− mice.

Conclusions
Therefore, (PhSe)2 enhances the antioxidant defences in the cardiovascular system of LDLr−/− mice, which could explain its success as an anti-atherogenic compound.
Cardiovascular, Colloid Osmotic Pressure, and Hemostatic Effects of 2 Formulations of Hydroxyethyl Starch in Healthy Horses
Authors: Epstein K.L. , Bergren A. , Giguère S. , Brainard B.M. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundLower molecular weight and molar substitution formulations of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions might maximize cardiovascular function and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and minimize adverse effects on coagulation.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare effects of 1 low and 1 high molecular weight and molar substitutionHESsolution on cardiovascular variables,COP, and hemostasis in normal horses.AnimalsEight healthy adult horses.MethodsRandomized, crossover designed study: 10 mL/kg bolus of 6%HES(600/0.75) (hetastarch) (HS), 6%HES(130/0.4) tetrastarch (TS), and 0.9% NaCl (NS). Variables recorded included central venous pressure (CVP), noninvasive arterial blood pressure, packed cell volume (PCV),COP, and automated platelet analysis (CT).ResultsCentral venous pressure was increased for 8 hours after all treatment (baseline = 8.4 ± 3.8; 8 hours = 10.3 ± 3.5 cm H2O;P < .001).HSandTSproduced an increase in systolic arterial pressure (HS= 109.1 ± 11.9;TS= 109.5 ± 10.9 mmHg) and mean arterial pressure (HS= 80.4 ± 13.0;TS= 82.3 ± 10.1 mmHg) compared toNS(SAP= 103.2 ± 13.2 [P = .023];MAP= 74.2 ± 11.4 mmHg [P = .048]).PCVdecreased transiently withHS(baseline = 37.1 ± 4.4%; 1.5 hours = 31.6 ± 3.9%) andTS(baseline = 38.4 ± 3.9%; 1.5 hours = 32.2 ± 3.3%), but notNS(P = .007).COPwas greater withHS(1 hour; 24.0 ± 2.1 mmHg) andTS(8 hours; 25.9 ± 2.1 mmHg) thanNS(1 hour = 20.8 ± 2.6; 8 hours = 22.9 ± 3.1 mmHg;P < .001).CTwas greater at 8 (HS= 178.6 ± 36.9;TS= 121.9 ± 33.3;NS= 108.3 ± 23.6 seconds) and 24 hours (HS= 174.2 ± 41.7;TS= 100.8 ± 26.0;NS= 118.7 ± 38.7 seconds;P < .001) in horses receivingHSthanTSorNS.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceBothTSandHSresulted in more effective volume expansion and arterial pressure support thanNS.TSproduced a more sustained effect onCOPwith shorter duration of adverse effects on platelet function thanHS.
UV‐laser‐based microscopic dissection of tree rings – a novel sampling tool for δ13C and δ18O studies
Authors: Schollaen Karina , Heinrich Ingo , Helle Gerhard 
Published: November 2013

Summary

UV‐laser‐based microscopic systems were utilized to dissect and sample organic tissue for stable isotope measurements from thin wood cross‐sections.

We tested UV‐laser‐based microscopic tissue dissection in practice for high‐resolution isotopic analyses (δ13C/δ18O) on thin cross‐sections from different tree species. The method allows serial isolation of tissue of any shape and from millimetre down to micrometre scales. On‐screen pre‐defined areas of interest were automatically dissected and collected for mass spectrometric analysis.

Three examples of high‐resolution isotopic analyses revealed that: in comparison to δ13C of xylem cells, woody ray parenchyma of deciduous trees have the same year‐to‐year variability, but reveal offsets that are opposite in sign depending on whether wholewood or cellulose is considered; high‐resolution tree‐ring δ18O profiles of Indonesian teak reflect monsoonal rainfall patterns and are sensitive to rainfall extremes caused by ENSO; and seasonal moisture signals in intra‐tree‐ring δ18O of white pine are weighted by nonlinear intra‐annual growth dynamics.

The applications demonstrate that the use of UV‐laser‐based microscopic dissection allows for sampling plant tissue at ultrahigh resolution and unprecedented precision. This new technique facilitates sampling for stable isotope analysis of anatomical plant traits like combined tree eco‐physiological, wood anatomical and dendroclimatological studies.
Adherence to Pharmacological Pain Therapy in Patients with NonMalignant Pain: The Role of Patients' Knowledge of Pain Medication
Authors: Timmerman Leon , Stellema Rudolf , Stronks Dirk L. , Groeneweg George , Huygen Frank J. P. M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundNonadherence to pharmacological therapy is a common and underexposed problem in patients with chronic nonmalignant pain. It may lead to treatment failure and increased healthcare costs.MethodsIn this prospective observational study we analyzed the association between knowledge and adherence in the chronic nonmalignant pain population. We included 96 patients treated with a new pharmacological prescription. During the initial visit (T0), demographic variables, pain intensity, knowledge of the prescription (name, dose, and frequency), self‐reported adherence to the prescription, and general knowledge of pharmacological pain therapy (according to the Pain Knowledge Questionnaire, Dutch Language Version (PKQ‐DLV) were recorded. During two follow‐up visits (T1, T2), apart from demographics, these parameters were measured again.ResultsAdherence rates were 42%, 42%, and 46% at T0, T1 and T2, respectively. 53%, 59%, and 48% of patients had knowledge of their current prescription, and mean scores on the PKQ‐DLV were 56, 55, and 52 percent of the maximum scores, respectively, at T0, T1 and T2. A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis resulted in a significant contribution of knowledge of the prescription and of age to the prediction of adherence.ConclusionsKnowledge of the analgesic prescription is associated with adherence and significantly contributes to the prediction of adherence to analgesic therapy. An interventional study is needed to determine whether increasing knowledge will improve medication adherence and therapy outcome in patients with chronic nonmalignant pain.
An inherited variant in the gene coding for vitamin D‐binding protein and survival from cutaneous melanoma: a BioGenoMEL study
Authors: Davies John R. , Field Sinead , Randerson‐Moor Juliette , Harland Mark , Kumar Rajiv , Anic Gabriella M. , Nagore Eduardo , Hansson Johan , Höiom Veronica , Jönsson Göran , Gruis Nelleke A. , Park Jong Y. , Guan Jian , Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda P. , Wendt Judith , Pjanova Dace , Puig Susana , Schadendorf Dirk , Okamoto Ichiro , Olsson Håkan , Affleck Paul , García‐Casado Zaida , Puig‐Butille Joan Anton , Stratigos Alexander J. , Kodela Elizabeth , Donina Simona , Sucker Antje , Hosen Ismail , Egan Kathleen M. , Barrett Jennifer H. , van Doorn Remco , Bishop D. Timothy , Newton‐Bishop Julia 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAn association between low serum vitamin D levels and poorer melanoma survival has been reported. We have studied inheritance of a polymorphism of the GC gene, rs2282679, coding for the vitamin D‐binding protein, which is associated with lower serum levels of vitamin D, in a meta‐analysis of 3137 melanoma patients. The aim was to investigate evidence for a causal relationship between vitamin D and outcome (Mendelian randomization). The variant was not associated with reduced overall survival (OS) in the UK cohort, per‐allele hazard ratio (HR) for death 1.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93, 1.64). In the smaller cohorts, HR in OS analysis was 1.07 (95% CI 0.88, 1.3) and for all cohorts combined, HR for OS was 1.09 (95% CI 0.93, 1.29). There was evidence of increased melanoma‐specific deaths in the seven cohorts for which these data were available. The lack of unequivocal findings despite the large sample size illustrates the difficulties of implementing Mendelian randomization.
Generalized α-investing: Definitions, Optimality Results and Application to Public Databases
Authors: Aharoni Ehud , Rosset Saharon 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe increasing prevalence and utility of large public databases necessitates the development of appropriate methods for controlling false discovery. Motivated by this challenge, we discuss the generic problem of testing a possibly infinite stream of null hypotheses. In this context, Foster and Stine suggested a novel method named α-investing for controlling a false discovery measure known as mFDR. We develop a more general procedure for controlling mFDR, of which α-investing is a special case. We show that, in common practical situations, the general procedure can be optimized to produce an expected reward optimal version, which is more powerful than α-investing. We then present the concept of quality preserving databases which was originally introduced by Aharoni and co-workers, which formalizes efficient public database management to save costs and to control false discovery simultaneously. We show how one variant of generalized α-investing can be used to control mFDR in a quality preserving database and to lead to significant reduction in costs compared with naive approaches for controlling the familywise error rate implemented by Aharoni and co-workers.
Specific IgG4: Possible Role in the Pathogenesis and a New Marker in the Diagnosis of Anisakis‐associated Allergic Disease
Authors: Daschner A. , Fernández‐Fígares V. , Rodero M. , Valls A. , De Frutos C. , Ubeira F. M. , Cuéllar C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIgG4 and IgE are immunoglobulin isotypes which are mediated by the same Th2‐mediated mechanism. The postulated pathogenic and protective function of IgE or IgG4, respectively, in allergic disease is opposite in parasitic infection. The possible role of IgG4 against recombinant major allergens on the appearance of different forms of Anisakis simplex‐associated allergic disease was studied. Gastro‐allergic anisakiasis (GAA) and Anisakis‐sensitization‐associated chronic urticaria (CU+) were compared for specific IgE, IgG4 and the respective recognition of Ani s 1 and Ani s 7. Gastro‐allergic anisakiasis showed higher IgE and IgG4 levels against crude extract and both recombinant allergens. Whereas IgE recognition of Ani s 7 did not differ and supports both clinical entities to be associated with previous acute parasitism, the IgE recognition rates of Ani s 1 and IgG4 recognition of both Ani s 1 and Ani s 7 were higher in GAA. IgG4 levels were associated with IgE, but also with age, time to last parasitic episode and frequency of fish intake. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of specific IgG4 against Ani s 7 was an independent marker associated with GAA. In the diagnosis of Anisakis‐associated allergic disease phenotypes (GAA versus CU+), measurement of specific IgG4 against recombinant allergens could be useful. Further, evaluation of specific IgE and IgG4 facilitates more insight into the protective versus pathogenic potential of IgE and IgG4.