bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divide et impera: Acceleration of DTI tractography using multi‐GPU parallel processing
Authors: Lee Jungsoo , Kim Dae‐Shik 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography technique represents neural fiber pathways by using local tensor information based on water diffusion anisotropy in brain white matter. However, DTI tractography is often unable to reconstruct crossing, kissing, and branching fiber trajectories due to intrinsic limitations of DTI. Increasingly complex tractography algorithms provided reliable and visually pleasing results, yet at an increasing computational cost in comparison with simple tractography algorithms. To shorten the computation time, we developed multi‐GPU (graphics processing unit)‐based parallelized versions of deterministic and probabilistic tractography algorithms to investigate their utility for near‐real time tractography. We were able to dramatically reduce the computation time using multiple GPUs (three NVIDIA TESLA C1060s) in comparison to the central processing unit (CPU) sequential processing. Deterministic tractography could accelerate 101 times faster, and probabilistic tractography could accelerate 63 times faster. The results showed that parallel tractography algorithm is well suited with GPU which has fundamentally parallelized architecture. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 256–264, 2013
Hough transform‐based approach for estimating 3D rotation angles of vertebrae from biplanar radiographs using GPU‐acceleration
Authors: Zhang Junhua , Lv Liang , Shi Xinling , Guo Fei , Zhang Yufeng , Li Hongjian 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTFor scoliosis assessment, a system was developed to estimate the three‐dimensional (3D) rotation angles of vertebrae from biplanar radiographs. The proposed approach was based on the generalized Hough transform (GHT) technique to match the projected contours of the standard 3D primitive with vertebral edges detected in biplanar radiographs. A deformation tolerant matching strategy was proposed to extend the GHT for an inexact contour matching. The system was implemented on a graphics processing unit (GPU). Seventeen dry vertebral specimens were used to evaluate accuracy. Precision was tested by three operators on 181 vertebrae from radiographs of 15 patients. With GPU computing, the average estimation time was 10 s for a vertebra. Results showed that the 3D estimation error was less than 2.5° with the mean value of 1.6°. The intraoperator variability was within 1.6° and the interoperator variability was within 2.2°. These promising results indicate that the proposed system can help orthopedic surgeons measure the 3D vertebral rotation angles from two‐dimensional radiographs for better assessment of scoliosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 272–279, 2013
Gene-by-Diet Interactions Influence Calcium Absorption and Bone Density in Mice
Authors: Replogle Rebecca A , Li Qiang , Wang Libo , Zhang Min , Fleet James C 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Dietary calcium (Ca) intake is needed to attain peak bone mineral density (BMD). Habitual low Ca intake increases intestinal Ca absorption efficiency to protect bone mass, but the mechanism controlling, and the impact of genetics on, this adaptive response is not clear. We fed 11 genetically diverse inbred mouse lines a normal (0.5%) or low (0.25%) Ca diet from 4 to 12 weeks of age (n = 8 per diet per line) and studied the independent and interacting effects of diet and genetics on Ca and bone metabolism. Significant genetic variation was observed in all bone, renal, and intestinal phenotypes measured including Ca absorption. Also, adaptation of Ca absorption and bone parameters to low dietary Ca was significantly different among the lines. Ca absorption was positively correlated to femur BMD (r = 0.17, p = 0.02), and distal femur bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) (r = 0.34, p &lt; 0.0001). Although Ca absorption was correlated to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) (r = 0.35, p &lt; 0.0001), the adaptation of Ca absorption to low Ca intake did not correlate to diet-induced adaptation of 1,25(OH)2D across the 11 lines. Several intestinal proteins have been proposed to mediate Ca absorption: claudins 2 and 12, voltage gated Ca channel v1.3 (Cav1.3), plasma membrane Ca ATPase 1b (PMCA1b), transient receptor potential vanilloid member 6 (TRPV6), and calbindin D9k (CaBPD9k). Only the mRNA levels for TRPV6, CaBPD9k, and PMCA1b were related to Ca absorption (r = 0.42, 0.43, and 0.21, respectively). However, a significant amount of the variation in Ca absorption is not explained by the current model and suggests that novel mechanisms remain to be determined. These observations lay the groundwork for discovery-focused initiatives to identify novel genetic factors controlling gene-by-diet interactions affecting Ca/bone metabolism. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Turbidity current with a roof: Success and failure of RANS modeling for turbidity currents under strongly stratified conditions
Authors: Yeh Tzu‐hao , Cantero Mariano , Cantelli Alessandro , Pirmez Carlos , Parker Gary 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDensity underflows in general and turbidity currents in particular differ from rivers in that their governing equations do not allow a steady, streamwise uniform “normal” solution. This is due to the fact that density underflows entrain ambient fluid, thus creating a tendency for underflow discharge to increase downstream. Recently, however, a simplified configuration known as the “turbidity current with a roof” (TCR) has been proposed. The artifice of a roof allows for steady, uniform solutions for flows driven solely by gravity acting on suspended sediment. A recent application of direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the Navier‐Stokes equations by Cantero et al. (2009) has revealed that increasing dimensionless sediment fall velocity increases flow stratification, resulting in a damping of the turbulence. When the dimensionless fall velocity is increased beyond a threshold value, near‐bed turbulence collapses. Here we use the DNS results as a means of testing the ability of three Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes (RANS) models of turbulent flow to capture stratification effects in the TCR. Results showed that the Mellor‐Yamada and quasi‐equilibrium k‐ϵ models are able to adequately capture the characteristics of the flow under conditions of relatively modest stratification, whereas the standard k‐ϵ model is a relatively poor predictor of turbulence characteristics. As stratification strengthens, however, the deviation of all RANS models from the DNS results increases. All are incapable of predicting the collapse of near‐bed turbulence predicted by DNS under conditions of strong stratification. This deficiency is likely due to the inability of RANS models to replace viscous dissipation of turbulent energy with transfer to internal waves under conditions of strong stratification. Within the limits of modest stratification, the quasi‐equilibrium k‐ϵ model is used to derive predictors of flow which can be incorporated into simpler, layer‐averaged models of turbidity currents.
Choice in a World of New School Types
Authors: Butler J. S. , Carr Douglas A. , Toma Eugenia F. , Zimmer Ron 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAs school choice options have evolved over recent years, it is important to understand what family and school factors are associated with the enrollment decisions families make. Use of restricted‐access data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study allowed us to identify household location from a nationally representative sample of students and to match households to the actual schools attended and other nearby schools. This matching is significant as previous research generally has not been able to link individual households to school enrollment decisions. Using these data, we examined the role that socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity play in school enrollment decisions. One of our more interesting results suggests that the newest public alternative, charter schools, attracts families with higher socioeconomic status than those that traditional public schools attract. The attraction of charter schools, however, unlike traditional public schools, appears to be racially and ethnically neutral. Families do not choose a charter school because of its racial or ethnic composition, nor do race and ethnicity within a household influence its choice of charter schools. Other socioeconomic factors influencing charter school choice are more similar to factors explaining private school choice than to those factors explaining the choice of traditional public schools. The findings suggest that policies governing the design of charter schools should focus on broader socioeconomic diversity rather than race only.
Paranoid personality disorder and the schizophrenia spectrum—Where to draw the line?
Authors: Birkeland Søren Fryd 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBy means of a case vignette, this study explores the clinical intersection between paranoid personality disorder and other schizophrenia‐spectrum illness. Even though the patient described had paramount signs of a paranoid personality disorder and was diagnosed as such, psychopathological symptoms extended considerably beyond the common concept and diagnostic criteria of the disorder. Management strategies included psychopharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions, yet psychosocial functioning permanently appeared defective. While there is a persistent need for an opportunity to distinguish the characteristic syndromal pattern of paranoid personality attributes, the case exemplifies the challenges associated with classifying some largely suspicious and distrustful eccentrics within the schizophrenia spectrum. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modern heavy steel plates for use in offshore installations – characteristics and production processes
Authors: Thieme Andreas , Schröter Falko 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSteels for structural applications for offshore oil and gas as well as offshore wind installations have to fulfil demanding requirements that exceed those for steels used in normal structural steelwork. The applicable steel grades must show an optimum trade‐off between sufficient toughness and good strength properties, and at the same time allow easy fabrication, especially concerning weldability. Although sufficient toughness is of importance in order to avoid abrupt failure phenomena such as brittle fracture, good strength properties are necessary to minimize the dead weight of the structure and thus facilitate transport and erection process. The significance of good fabrication properties consist of two facets: good weldability results in easy processing procedures and thus cost‐efficiency in fabrication; further, materials with good weldability exhibit a higher resistance to cracking phenomena in the heat affected zone and are therefore more “forgiving” when it comes to non‐optimum welding conditions, which may occur during erection in harsh environments.This steel has to be tailor‐made at the steelworks, the aim being to produce it as cleanly as possible with specially adapted alloying concepts. To secure good properties in the half thickness portion of the plates, what is necessary for offshore plates, slabs and ingots have to show an accurate control of the mid thickness segregation. Additionally those plates need higher deformation ratios from slab to plate in order to get a dense structure also in the mid thickness by proper through thickness deformation. These materials are produced with various rolling and heat treatment processes, each chosen depending on the desired grade, thickness and weight of the final plate. The processes in use are normalization of the plates, thermomechanical controlled rolling and the quenching and tempering of the plates.This article aims to support the designer or fabricator when selecting the steel grade by explaining the different production methods and the resulting properties with respect to the final use.
Improvement factors for the design of welded joints subjected to high frequency mechanical impact treatment
Authors: Ummenhofer Thomas , Weidner Philipp 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe effectiveness of high frequency mechanical impact treatment for increasing the fatigue strength of welded structures has been investigated in several research projects over recent years. Based on extensive fatigue test data, design recommendations have been developed by different institutions. Most recommendations provide fatigue strength improvement factors that consider beneficial effects due to the application of post weld treatment methods. Current design recommendations use fatigue test data derived from small‐scale specimens, but only very few studies have focused on welded joints with a plate thickness > 15 mm. This paper reviews existing design recommendations and provides a database for welded joints with a plate thickness exceeding those already covered. Butt‐welded joints, longitudinal attachments and transverse attachments are covered in particular. Based on the data evaluated, improvement factors are given for a stress ratio of R = 0.1 for axial loading.
Pushing the limits – mega monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines
Authors: Scharff Rüdiger , Siems Michael 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOffshore wind energy development is lagging far behind the ambitious targets that the German government set at a time when an energy turnaround was propounded. Interest in using monopile foundations in a wider field is therefore growing because this type of foundation has proved to be the most economical solution. Their benefits lie in their simple design, favourable fabrication conditions with a considerable automation potential, and short installation times. Concepts and technologies are being developed to be able to produce and install monopile foundations for water depths down to at least 40 m. The necessary design concepts have to be adapted and extended for these requirements. Approaches are presented in this paper.
SETS WITH ALMOST COINCIDING REPRESENTATION FUNCTIONS
Authors: KISS SÁNDOR Z. , ROZGONYI ESZTER , SÁNDOR CSABA 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFor a given integer$n$and a set$ \mathcal{S} \subseteq \mathbb{N} $, denote by${ R}_{h, \mathcal{S} }^{(1)} (n)$the number of solutions of the equation$n= {s}_{{i}_{1} } + \cdots + {s}_{{i}_{h} } $,${s}_{{i}_{j} } \in \mathcal{S} $,$j= 1, \ldots , h$. In this paper we determine all pairs$( \mathcal{A} , \mathcal{B} )$,$ \mathcal{A} , \mathcal{B} \subseteq \mathbb{N} $, for which${ R}_{3, \mathcal{A} }^{(1)} (n)= { R}_{3, \mathcal{B} }^{(1)} (n)$from a certain point on. We discuss some related problems.
THE SIMILARITY DEGREE OF SOME -ALGEBRAS
Authors: HADWIN DON , LI WEIHUA 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe define the class of weakly approximately divisible unital${C}^{\ast } $-algebras and show that this class is closed under direct sums, direct limits, any tensor product with any${C}^{\ast } $-algebra, and quotients. A nuclear${C}^{\ast } $-algebra is weakly approximately divisible if and only if it has no finite-dimensional representations. We also show that Pisier’s similarity degree of a weakly approximately divisible${C}^{\ast } $-algebra is at most five.
The Centralism of ‘Twenty-First-Century Socialism’: Recentralising Politics in Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia
Authors: EATON KENT 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPresidents Hugo Chávez, Rafael Correa and Evo Morales have all sought to reverse the policies of decentralisation that were adopted in the 1990s in Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia. This article adapts ideational and institutional hypotheses from the earlier literature on decentralisation to explain this recent movement in the opposite direction. At the ideational level, because of the close association of decentralisation with liberalisation in each country, recentralisation emerged as a way for presidents to reverse the legacies of their neoliberal predecessors. Beyond ideology, recentralisation can be explained by paying attention to the territorial distribution of electoral support; presidents used it to weaken the sub-national governments where the opposition had found political shelter, while simultaneously redirecting recentralised resources toward supporters.
Aortic arch augmentation using a pulmonary artery autograft patch and a reversed left subclavian artery flap for an interrupted aortic arch type B complex
Authors: Hasegawa Tomomi , Oshima Yoshihiro , Kadowaki Tasuku 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAdequate arch augmentation for interrupted aortic arch repair is quite important to avoid post-operative recoarctation and bronchial compression. We describe here two successful cases of aortic arch reconstruction using autologous materials such as a pulmonary artery patch and a reversed left subclavian artery flap in infants with an interrupted aortic arch type B complex.
Uric acid and risk of heart failure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang He , Huang Baotao , Li Yulin , Huang Yan , Li Jing , Yao Hongmei , Jing Xianchao , Chen Jianrong , Wang Ji 
Published: August 2013

AimsWe aimed to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the association between serum uric acid and incident heart failure (HF)/prognosis of HF patients.Methods and resultsA systematic electronic literature search was conducted in Embase (Ovid SP, from 1974 to May 2013), Medline (Ovid SP, from 1946 to May 2013), and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM, from 1978 to May 2013) to identify studies reporting on the association between serum uric acid and HF. Either a random effects model or a fixed effects model was used for pooling data. Five studies reporting on incident HF and 28 studies reporting on the adverse outcomes of HF patients were included. The results showed that hyperuricaemia was associated with an increased risk of incident HF [hazard ratio (HR) 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–1.94], and the risk of all‐cause mortality (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.64–2.83), cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.18–1.78), and the composite of death or cardiac events (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.18–1.63) in HF patients. For every 1 mg/dL increase in serum uric acid, the odds of development of HF increased by 19% (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.17–1.21), and the risk of all‐cause mortality and the composite endpoint in HF patients increased by 4% (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06) and 28% (HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.97–1.70), respectively. Subgroup analyses supported the positive association between serum uric acid and HF.ConclusionsElevated serum uric acid is associated with an increased risk of incident HF and adverse outcomes in HF patients.
Methodological approaches to job satisfaction measurement in hospitality firms
Authors: Khalilzadeh Jalayer , Del Chiappa Giacomo , Jafari Jafar , Zargham Borujeni Hamid 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new unbiased, reliable, exact, and systematic method of job satisfaction score estimation. The method considers affective and cognitive aspects simultaneously.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey following the optimum allocation stratified sampling method was conducted in four up‐scale hotels of Tehran. Hotels' employees completed the questionnaires. Principal component analysis was used to identify facets, and the Friedman test was applied to examine their homogeneity. The Wilcoxon sign rank test and Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficients were employed to determine the most effective method among those investigated.FindingsThe weighted abridged job descriptive index (WAJDI) proposed in the study as a modified version of the job descriptive index seems to overcome the main limitations of the abridged job descriptive index (AJDI) and the perceived job satisfaction (PJS) methods when measuring job satisfaction in the hospitality sector.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper encourages researchers to consider different methods to assess job satisfaction along with WAJDI. However, although a stratified sampling approach was used, it focused on a limited sociocultural and economic environment, which limits the generalizability of findings. WAJDI must be used in different conditions to prove its efficiency in measuring job satisfaction.Originality/valueThis study assesses and compares the power of the AJDI method, which is a cognitive‐based structure, with PJS as a global, single‐item scale to capture the affective aspects of job satisfaction. By introducing a new method of job satisfaction evaluation, this study contributes to the literature.
Consumers' evaluation of brief summary formats of print direct‐to‐consumer advertisements
Authors: Bhutada Nilesh , Deshpande Aparna , Menon Ajit , Perri Matthew 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe paper's aim is to measure the effect of various brief summary formats on consumers' drug‐related knowledge, evaluations of ad information, ad believability, attitudes towards the ad and brand, perceived product risk and intention to use ad information in making healthcare decisions.Design/methodology/approachUsing mall‐intercept surveys, 307 US women, age 18‐50 years, were randomly assigned to one of the six different versions of brief summary formats for a birth control medicine. The six brief summary formats included: no brief summary, traditional (continuous prose) brief summary, risk information window, bulleted list, nutrition facts panel, and question‐answer format. The participants completed a closed‐ended questionnaire after reviewing the print ad.FindingsMANOVA indicated presence of a multivariate main effect. However, univariate ANOVAs, performed to evaluate the effect of individual formats, revealed that the eight outcome variables did not vary significantly across the six brief summary formats. Nevertheless, respondents exhibited more positive evaluation of the newer brief summary formats compared to the traditional brief summary format, albeit there was no statistically significant difference among the newer formats.Practical implicationsConsumers clearly prefer newer brief summary formats to the traditional brief summary format.Originality/valueThis research provides additional insights about risk communication in direct‐to‐consumer ads and may assist the FDA in the development of a standardized regulatory structure for the future. Providing brief summary in a clearer, understandable, and consumer‐friendly manner can help consumers in deciding whether the drug is appropriate for their condition.