bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sport and Art: a View on the Worldwide and Connecting Area from the Perspective of Sports Science – or: about the Convergence of Two Worlds
Authors: Kretschmann Rolf , Von Grabowiecki Udo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe two worlds of sport and art cannot be separated distinctly. Intersections can definitely be identified. Although the discipline “Sport-Art” has not yet been established as a sub-discipline of sport science, sporadic attempts of integration in higher education and academic discussion can be found. In the field of (fine) arts we meet sport in everyday life as so-called practical and commercial art. The fusion is also obvious in the fields of music, art history, and literature. The convergence of the two worlds is clearest in the structural analogy of the genesis of composition, performing arts, literature, and movement products. Finally, a pedagogical postulate is posited that should be understood as a demand for an (school) education that integrates art and sport.
Modified clinoptilolite in the removal of iron and manganese from water
Authors: Barloková D. , Ilavský J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract It is necessary to treat water intended for drinking purposes in many cases to meet therequirements of the Regulation of the Government of the Slovak Republic No. 496/2010 onDrinking Water. There is a tendency to look for technology with new, more efficient andcost-effective materials and technologies. The goal of this study is to compare activatednatural zeolite known as clinoptilolite (rich deposits of clinoptilolite were found in theregion of East Slovakia Region in the 1980s) with the imported Greensand and Cullsorbmaterials in the removal of iron and manganese from water. The results obtained fromexperiments carried out at WTP Kúty prove that Klinopur-Mn is suitable for the removalof iron and manganese from water and is comparable with the imported materials.
Calvarial defects and skeletal dysplasia in patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Arrington Daniel K. , Danehy Amy R. , Peleggi Analise , Proctor Mark R. , Irons Mira B. , Ullrich Nicole J. 
Published: February 2013

Object
Skull defects, including sphenoid dysplasia and calvarial defects, are rare but distinct findings in patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). The underlying pathophysiology is unclear. The goal of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics and natural history of skull defects in patients with NF1.

Methods
An electronic search engine of medical records was used to identify patients with NF1 and bony skull anomalies. All clinical, radiographic, pathology, and operative reports were reviewed. The relationship between bony anomalies and significant clinical associations was evaluated. This study received institutional review board approval.

Results
Twenty-one patients were identified. The mean age at NF1 diagnosis was 4.2 years. The mean age at skull defect diagnosis was 8.8 years (9.7 years in the sphenoid wing dysplasia group and 11.9 years in the calvarial defect group). Sphenoid dysplasia was associated with a plexiform neurofibroma or dural ectasia in 73.3% and 80.0% of cases, respectively. Calvarial defects were associated with a plexiform neurofibroma or dural ectasia in 66.7% and 33.3% of patients, respectively. An absence of either an associated neurofibroma or ectasia was not noted in any patient with sphenoid wing dysplasia or 25.0% of those with calvarial defects. In 6 patients, both types of skull defects presented simultaneously. Serial imaging studies were obtained for a mean follow-up time of 7.5 years (range 0.4–20.0 years). Of these patients with serial imaging, radiographic progression was found in 60% of cases of calvarial defects and 56% of cases of sphenoid wing dysplasia. Two patients underwent surgical repair of a skull defect, and both required repeat procedures.

Conclusions
The majority of skull defects in patients with NF1 were associated with an adjacent structural lesion, such as a plexiform neurofibroma or dural ectasia. This findings from this cohort also support the concept of progression in defect size in more than half of the patients. Potential mechanisms by which these secondary lesions contribute to pathogenesis of the bony defect may include changes in the bony microenvironment. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of skull defects will help guide detection, improve treatment and outcome, and may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of bony lesions in NF1.
The Preservation and Digitalisation of Matrices of Regular Traditional Chinese Script and Related Fonts
Authors: Huang Jun-Fu , Yeh Shang-Ching , Tseng Chi-Shu 
Published: February 2013

Traditional Chinese characters are currently used in Taiwan (Republic of China), Hong Kong and Macau. They maintain the original form of the Chinese characters, which have great aesthetic value. When printing, removable types are used, which are cased according to ‘script matrices.’ Script matrices are sculptured based on handwritten Chinese characters, and present the beauty of Chinese characters. The ‘Fengxing’ and ‘Rixing’ matrices are the only two remaining regular Chinese script matrices in all of Taiwan; they are a testament to the history Taiwan's printing industry. To preserve the ‘Fengxing’ matrices, with a total number of 3,780, we first recast the lead types from those matrices held at the National Science and Technology Museum (NSTM) by the Type-Casting Machine at the Rixing Type Foundries. The fonts of the lead types were printed by the Typographic Printing Press. The lead type, matrix and font from a regular traditional Chinese script were collated and then digitised by digital camera, another process used for their preservation. The lead types, matrices and digitalised copies were then stored and preserved in the NSTM. After the ‘Fengxing’ and ‘Rixing’ fonts will have been compared and analyzed, they will be combined, and a regular font for all commonly used Chinese characters (as designated by the Ministry of Education) will thereby be created. In this way, we will functionally preserve regular traditional Chinese type script and will give this representative script a new life in the digital age.
Residual Plasma Viraemia and Infectious HIV-1 Recovery from Resting Memory CD4 Cells in Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: Results from ACTG A5173
Authors: Gandhi Rajesh T , Bosch Ronald J , Aga Evgenia , Bedison Margaret A , Bastow Barbara , Schmitz John L , Siliciano Janet D , Siliciano Robert F , Eron Joseph J , Mellors John W ,   the ACTG A5173 team
Published: February 2013

Background In HIV-1-infected patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART), the relationship between residual viraemia and ex vivo recovery of infectious virus from latently infected CD4 cells is uncertain. Methods We measured residual viraemia (HIV-1 RNA copies/ml) by single-copy assay (SCA) and the latent reservoir by infectious virus recovery from resting memory CD4 cells (infectious units per million cells [IUPM]) in patients who initiated ART. We assessed immune activation by measuring CD38 expression on T-cells. Results Ten patients who initiated ART and maintained a plasma HIV-1 RNA level <200 copies/ml had residual viraemia and IUPM measured every 24 weeks. Five of 10 patients had longitudinal IUPM measured at weeks 24–96; the remainder had IUPM measured 1–3 times over 24–72 weeks. Analyses of 29 paired measurements revealed a positive association between level of residual viraemia and IUPM (0.56 higher log10 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml per 1 log10 higher IUPM; P=0.005). Residual viraemia level was positively associated with CD38 density and percentage on CD8+ T-cells in concurrent samples and with pre-ART HIV-1 RNA levels. Conclusions In patients with HIV-1 RNA levels <200 copies/ml 24–96 weeks after initiating ART, the level of viraemia is positively associated with infectious virus recovery from resting memory CD4 cells. Whether this association persists after longer-term suppressive ART needs to be determined. If additional studies show that residual viraemia measured by SCA refects the size of the latent reservoir in patients who have had virological suppression for longer periods of time, this could facilitate testing of potentially curative strategies to reduce this important reservoir.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Gs-9620, An Oral Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonist
Authors: Lopatin Uri , Wolfgang Grushenka , Tumas Daniel , Frey Christian R , Ohmstede Carol , Hesselgesser Joseph , Kearney Brian , Moorehead Lisa , Subramanian G Mani , McHutchison John G 
Published: February 2013

Background GS-9620 is a novel oral agonist of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in development for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. TLR7 is a highly conserved innate immune receptor expressed primarily on plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B lymphocytes. The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending-dose study was to investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GS-9620 in healthy volunteers. Methods In total, 75 healthy volunteers (8 subjects in each of the 10 cohorts; 5 subjects participated in two cohorts) were randomized (6:2) to receive a single dose of GS-9620 (0.3, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 12 mg) or placebo. Results GS-9620 was well-absorbed and well-tolerated in oral doses up to 12 mg. Minimal treatment-related adverse events were seen at doses up to 8 mg. Serum interferon (IFN)-α was only detected in subjects who received 8 or 12 mg doses, and the adverse event profile at 8 and 12 mg doses was generally consistent with that associated with IFN-α exposure (flu-like symptoms), consistent with the mechanism of TLR7 agonism. All adverse events resolved within 72 h. Induction of chemokines/ cytokines and IFN-stimulated genes were seen at GS-9620 doses ≥2 mg, well below doses that induced serum IFN-α or led to clinical adverse events. Conclusions GS-9620 demonstrates safety and pharmacodynamic activity at doses up to 12 mg. Pharmacodynamic activity is seen before adverse events, suggesting the potential for induction of an antiviral response without systemic adverse events in subjects with chronic viral hepatitis.
Diffusion-weighted MRI in assessment of renal dysfunction
Authors: Goyal Ankur , Sharma Raju , Bhalla Ashu , Gamanagatti Shivanand , Seth Amlesh 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Background: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in renal diseases is an evolving field and its potential is yet to be fully realized. Purpose: To study the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of renal parenchyma and serum markers of renal function and stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all adult patients who underwent DW-MRI (at b-values of 0 and 500 s/mm2 ) for renal lesions from January 2009 to September 2010 and revealed 88 patients, of which 22 patients had renal dysfunction and 66 had normal renal function. Of these 22, 15 patients were known cases of CKD and were staged depending on disease severity. ADC values were determined for renal parenchyma and compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to establish cut-off ADC values. Pearson′s correlation coefficient (R) was calculated between ADC and renal function parameters. Results: ADC values in patients with renal dysfunction were significantly lower than in patients with normal renal function (2.1133 ± 0.2851 vs. 2.3198 ± 0.1246 (×10-3 mm2/s)). ADC values lower than 2.0354 (×10-3 mm2/s) were seen only with renal dysfunction and higher than 2.4516 (×10-3 mm2/s) were seen only with normal function. There was significant inverse correlation between ADC and serum creatinine (R = -0.530), blood urea (R= -0.502), and significant linear correlation (R = 0.784) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). ADC values showed a statistically significant decreasing trend with increasing stage of CKD. Conclusion: ADC values may serve as an additional marker for the presence and degree of renal dysfunction.
Pituitary stalk transection syndrome: Comparison of clinico-radiological features in adults and children with review of literature
Authors: Kulkarni Chinmay , Moorthy Srikanth , Pullara Sreekumar , Rajeshkannan R , Unnikrishnan Ambika G 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHypo-pituitarism results from impaired production of one or more of anterior pituitary trophic hormones. A rare cause of hypo-pituitarism is pituitary stalk transection syndrome. The MRI features of this condition in children and its association with hormonal deficiencies have been reported earlier. Reports on adults with this disorder are scarce, with only one small case series published in the recent literature. We studied the hormonal deficiency pattern and MRI findings of 12 patients with pituitary stalk transection syndrome who presented to our department between 2004 and 2011. Six patients were children and six were adults (≥18 years). This article compares the adult clinico-radiological phenotype of pituitary transection syndrome with the pediatric group of patients with same condition.
Imaging in laryngeal cancers
Authors: Joshi Varsha M , Wadhwa Vineet , Mukherji Suresh K 
Published: February 2013

AbstractImaging plays an important complementary role to clinical examination and endoscopic biopsy in the evaluation of laryngeal cancers. A vast majority of these cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Cross-sectional imaging with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows excellent depiction of the intricate anatomy of the larynx and the characteristic patterns of submucosal tumor extension. CT, MRI and more recently PET-CT, also provide vital information about the status of cervical nodal disease, systemic metastases and any synchronous malignancies. Additionally, certain imaging-based parameters like tumor volume and cartilaginous abnormalities have been used to predict the success of primary radiotherapy or surgery in these patients. Integration of radiological findings with endoscopic evaluation greatly improves the pretherapeutic staging accuracy of laryngeal cancers, and significantly impacts the choice of management strategies in these patients. Imaging studies also help in the post-therapeutic surveillance and follow-up of patients with laryngeal cancers. In this article, we review the currently used laryngeal imaging techniques and protocols, the key anatomic structures relevant to tumor spread and the characteristic patterns of submucosal extension and invasion of laryngeal cancer. The role of CT, MRI and PET-CT in the evaluation of patients with laryngeal SCC and the impact of imaging findings on prognosis and clinical management is also discussed.
Complement activation in thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Tati R. , Karpman D. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe endothelium lining the vascular lumen is continuously exposed to complement from the circulation. When erroneously activated on host cells, complement may generate a deleterious effect on the vascular wall leading to endothelial injury, exposure of the subendothelial matrix and platelet activation.In this review the contribution of complement activation to formation and maintenance of the pathological lesion termed thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is discussed. TMA is defined by vessel wall thickening affecting mainly arterioles and capillaries, detachment of the endothelial cell from the basement membrane and intraluminal thrombosis resulting in occlusion of the vessel lumen. The TMA lesion occurs in haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). HUS is further sub-classified as associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC-HUS) or with complement dysregulation (atypical HUS) as well as other less common forms. The contribution of dysregulated complement activation to endothelial injury and platelet aggregation is reviewed as well as specific complement involvement in the development of HUS and TTP.
İtibar Yönetimi Açışından Yeşil Pazarlama: Örnek Olay İncelemesi
Authors: Kavoğlu Samet 
Published: February 2013

<p align="center"><strong>İtibar Yönetimi Açışından Yeşil Pazarlama: </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> Örnek Olay İncelemesi<strong><a title="" href="file:///E:/belgelerim%2018032015/ANA%20YEDEK/masa%C3%BCst%C3%BC%20dosyalar%C4%B1/dergi%20dosyalar%C4%B1/dergi%204.%20say%C4%B1/2%2013-31%20itibar%20y%C3%B6netimi.doc#_ftn1">[1]</a></strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>21.yy modern işletmecilik mantığı çerçevesinde üretimin sorun olmaktan çıktığı, işletmeler için en önemli sıkıntının pazarlama faaliyetleri kapsamında yaşandığı düşünüldüğünde, alana dair çok sayıda yenilikçi fikrin ortaya çıkması oldukça normaldir. Bu fikri akımlar içerisinde yer alan, çalışma kapsamında incelenecek yeşil pazarlama uygulamalarını, diğerlerinden ayıran başlıca özellik pazarlama karması içerisinde yer alan tutundurma faaliyetlerinin her bir faktörüyle ilişkilendirilebilir olmasıdır. </p><p>Çalışmanın sınırlarını çizebilmek ve derinlemesine araştırma olanağını arttırmak adına araştırma kapsamında yeşil pazarlamanın, tutundurma faaliyetlerinden halkla ilişkilerin, itibar yönetimi fonksiyonuyla olan ilişkisi, ödüllü bir proje olan “Unilever Sürdürülebilir Yaşam Planı” örneği üzerinden incelenmiştir.</p><p>Çalışmanın sonunda, kuruluşun paydaşları nezdinde itibarını arttırmak gayesiyle hayata geçirilen yeşil pazarlama temalı, küresel ölçekli projenin hedefleri açısından genel değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>Green Marketing in Terms of Reputation Management: A Case Study</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>When it is taken into account that the production is no longer a problem within the framework of the modern business management logic of the 21st century and the primary difficulty is experienced by the businesses within the scope of the marketing activities, it is natural that a great number of innovative ideas emerge concerning the field. The main characteristic which distinguishes the practices of the green marketing which is in these streams of ideas and which will be examined within the scope of study from others is that they can be associated with each factor of promotional activities in the marketing mix.</p><p>To be able to draw the lines of the study and to increase the possibility of the in-depth research, within the scope of the research, the relationship of the green marketing with the reputation management function of the public relations which is one of the promotional activities is examined based on the sample “Unilever Sustainable Life Plan” which is an award-winning Project.</p><p>At the end of the study, the general evaluation is carried out in terms of the objectives of the green marketing-themed, the global scaled Project which is put into practice for the purpose of increasing the reputation in the presence of the stakeholders of the organization.</p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
Influence of particle size and fluid fraction on rheological and extrusion properties of crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogel dispersions
Authors: Shimojo Andréa Arruda Martins , Pires Aline Mara Barbosa , de la Torre Lucimara Gaziola , Santana Maria Helena Andrade 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCrosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels are widely used in gel/HA fluid formulations as a viscosupplement to treat joint diseases; thus, it is important to characterize these hydrogels in terms of their particle size and to investigate the effects of the gel/fluid mixtures on their rheological properties and extrusion force. Hydrogels previously crosslinked with divinyl sulfone were sheared in an Ultra‐Turrax unit to produce particles with mean diameters ranging from 20 to 200 μm. Hydrogels with 75–100 μm mean diameters were also evaluated in dispersions containing a 20–40% mass fraction of HA fluid. The mean diameters were measured by laser light scattering and the rheological behavior was determined by oscillatory and steady measurements in parallel plate geometry. The HA hydrogels exhibited the typical behavior of so‐called weak gels, as analyzed by the storage and loss moduli G′ and G″, respectively. The viscoelasticity, the viscosity, and the extrusion force increased with the hydrogel particle size. The fluid phase dispersions decreased both moduli. At 40% fluid fraction, the gel characteristics were lost and the dispersion behaved as a fluid. Based on these results, the particle size and HA fluid fraction in hydrogel dispersions may be optimized to develop more efficient viscosupplement formulations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Networked cellulose entrapped and reinforced PEO‐based solid polymer electrolyte for moderate temperature applications
Authors: Samad Yarjan Abdul , Asghar Ali , Lalia Boor Singh , Hashaikeh Raed 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA novel solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) composed of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and networked cellulose (NC) is developed for moderate temperature applications typically 50 to 100°C. The SPE thus formed demonstrates enhanced strength; high thermal and appropriate electrochemical stability. NC is a high strength polymeric material with a network structure possessing open spaces in its construction. The NC open spaces shrink on drying. The SPEs are formed by solution casting different amounts of NC in dissolved PEO. NC was formed by the acid hydrolysis and regeneration of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). SEM, TEM and in‐situ optical images revealed that the dissolved PEO solidified around the suspended NC and the open structure of NC entraps PEO upon drying. NC provides structural and thermal stability to the SPE. With an addition of 15wt% NC in SPE there was about five‐time increase in both tensile as well as storage modulus measured via tensile testing and Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) respectively. The enhancement of mechanical strength is explained using the Zener model. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) studies validated that the electrochemical stability window of PEO+15 wt %NC with salt and that of neat PEO with salt are analogous. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Wetland edges as peak refugia from an introduced piscivore
Authors: Reid Andrea J. , Chapman Lauren J. , Ricciardi Anthony 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Wetlands in the Lake Victoria basin serve as structural and hypoxic refugia for some native fishes against predation by introduced Nile perch (Lates niloticus); however, little is known about the fine‐scale patterns of distribution and abundance of these refuge inhabitants.
This study sought to quantify wetland ecological gradients and determine where peaks in native fish abundance and richness (‘peak refugia’) occurred using Lake Nabugabo, Uganda as a model system.
Extensive wetland transects were sampled between June and August, 2011 to measure ecological variation over distance from the lake–wetland edge.
Wetlands were characterized by strong clines in water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), depth and vegetation density, and narrow peak refugia were found precisely at the lake–wetland edge. Community richness and diversity tended to be greater in areas with higher DO and lower temperature, pH, and vegetation density. It is interesting that areas encroached upon by a native emergent macrophyte (hippo grass, Vossia cuspidata) had more extreme physico‐chemical conditions and supported fewer native fish species.
These results demonstrate the importance of wetland edges in the maintenance of native fish fauna in the Lake Victoria basin, and suggest that the continued expansion of hippo grass may reduce the accessibility of wetlands as refugia.
We recommend that the use of spatially explicit management approaches such as the development of secure buffer zones surrounding wetland edges to protect peak refugia, and the need for hippo grass control to minimize its effects on this important refuge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.