bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do COVID-19 related primary emotions affect risk perceptions, efficacy beliefs, and information seeking and behavior? Examining emotions as audience segments
Authors: Turner Monique M. , Lim Jong In , Jang Youjin , Heo Ruth Jin-Hee , Ye Qijia , Kim Miyeon , Lapinski Maria Knight , Peng Tai-Quan 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPrimary emotions among the populace during global health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, provide valuable insights. Guided by appraisal theories of emotions, this study explores emotional segmentation by mapping primary emotions related to COVID-19 and investigating their impact on cognitive and behavioral outcomes, including risk perceptions, efficacy beliefs, behavioral intentions, prevention behaviors, and information seeking/avoidance.MethodsStudy 1 surveyed young adults (N = 1,368) to investigate their emotions about COVID-19 and examine the effect of these emotions on risk perceptions, efficacy beliefs, and behavioral intentions regarding mask-wearing and physical distancing. Study 2 replicated Study 1 with a quota-based national sample of U.S. adults (N = 8,454) and further tested the effect of primary emotions on preventive behaviors and information seeking/avoidance.ResultsResults indicated that most people experienced negative emotions, such as sadness, anger, and anxiety. These emotions were associated with varying levels of risk perceptions, efficacy beliefs, behavioral intentions, actual behaviors, and information seeking/avoidance. Notably, across both studies, anxious individuals demonstrated more favorable health-related perceptions and behavioral outcomes compared to those experiencing anger.DiscussionThese findings offer insights into the emotional experiences of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the significant impact of these emotions on risk perceptions and health-related behaviors. Understanding these emotional responses can inform public health strategies and communication efforts during health crises.
Preliminary results on novel adjuvant combinations suggest enhanced immunogenicity of whole inactivated pandemic influenza vaccines
Authors: Peletta Allegra , Marmy Aurélie , Guzelj Samo , Ramos Barros Alcidia , Jakopin Žiga , Borchard Gerrit 
Published: July 2024

Due to the inherent risk of a further pandemic influenza outbreak, there is a need and growing interest in investigating combinations of prophylactic vaccines and novel adjuvants, particularly to achieve antigen dose sparing and improved immunogenicity. Influenza is a highly variable virus, where the specific vaccine target is constantly changing, representing a major challenge to influenza vaccine development. Currently, commercial inactivated influenza vaccines have a poor CD8+ T response, which impacts cross-reactivity and the duration of response. Adjuvanted influenza vaccines can increase immune responses, thereby achieving better protection and cross-reactivity to help contain the spread of the disease. An early exploration of a hybrid cholesterol-PLGA nanoparticle delivery system containing the saponin tomatine and a NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2) agonist called SG101 was conducted. This combination was preliminarily evaluated for its ability to induce cellular immunity when combined with whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccine. After the adjuvants were manufactured using a single emulsion process, two formulations with different drug loadings were selected and physico-chemically characterized, showing sizes between 224 ± 32 and 309 ± 45 nm and different morphologies. After ensuring the lack of in vitro toxicity and hemolytic activity, a pilot in vivo assay evaluated the hybrid nanoparticle formulation for its ability to induce humoral and cellular immunity when combined with whole inactivated virus (WIV) H5N1 influenza vaccine by intramuscular administration in mice. Hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) titers for adjuvanted groups showed no significant difference compared to the group vaccinated with the antigen alone. It was similar for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, although the high drug loading formulation induced higher titers of IFNγ-positive CD8+ T cells. These proof-of-concept results encourage further investigations to develop the hybrid formulation with increased or different loading ratios, to investigate manufacturing optimization, and to evaluate the role of the individual immunostimulatory compounds in immune responses.
Association between triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis in American adults: an observational study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Li Han , Wang Xiaoyi , Shi Ruizi , Hu Junchao , Zeng Xintao , Luo Hua , Yang Pei , Luo Huiwen , Cao Yuan , Cai Xianfu , Chen Sirui , Wang Decai 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThis study investigated the link between triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis in American adults.MethodsInformation for 6495 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020.03 was used for this cross-sectional study. The link between TG/HDL-C ratios and NAFLD and liver fibrosis was assessed by multiple linear regression before evaluating nonlinear correlations based on smoothed curve fitting models. Stratification analysis was then applied to confirm whether the dependent and independent variables displayed a stable association across populations.ResultsTG/HDL-C ratios were positively correlated with NAFLD, with higher ratios being linked to increased prevalence of NAFLD. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratios (OR) for NAFLD patients in the fourth TG/HDL-C quartile were 3.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.94–4.38) (P for trend &lt; 0.001) in comparison with those in the first quartile after adjusting for clinical variables. However, no statistical significance was noted for the ratio for liver fibrosis after adjusting for potential confounders (P for trend = 0.07). A nonlinear correlation between TG/HDL-C ratios and NAFLD was observed based on smoothed curve fitting models. However, a nonlinear relationship between the ratios and liver fibrosis was not established. In subgroup analyses, there was an interaction between smoking status and TG/HDL-C ratio in relation to the prevalence of liver fibrosis (P for interaction &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsAmong American adults, the TG/HDL-C ratio was noted to be nonlinearly positively associated with the prevalence of NAFLD; however, this relationship was not present in liver fibrosis.
Postpartum glucose intolerance after gestational diabetes mellitus: tailored prediction according to data-driven clusters and BMI-categories
Authors: Lesniara-Stachon Anna , Cosson Emmanuel , Lacroix Alain , Schenk Sybille , Quansah Dan Yedu , Puder Jardena J. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo account for the heterogeneity of gestational diabetes (GDM), this study investigated tailored predictors during pregnancy and at 6-8 weeks postpartum of glucose intolerance (GI) at 1-year postpartum. We identified predictors according to data-driven clusters, analogous to the newly proposed diabetes classification, and for clinical ease also based on BMI-categories.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of the MySweetheart trial. It included 179 women with GDM who underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c measurement at 1-year postpartum. Predictors were determined according to: a) cluster analysis based on age, BMI, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B; and b) BMI-categories (normal weight [NW], and overweight/obesity [OW/OB]).ResultsWe identified two clusters during pregnancy and at 6-8 weeks postpartum (for both time points an “insulin-resistant”, and an “insulin-deficient” cluster). The “insulin-resistant” cluster was associated with a 2.9-fold (CI: 1.46-5.87; pregnancy) and 3.5-fold (CI: 1.63-7.52; at 6-8 weeks postpartum) increased risk of GI at 1-year postpartum. During pregnancy, the most relevant predictors of GI were history of previous GDM and fasting glucose for the “insulin-deficient” and NW category and HOMA-IR for the “insulin-resistant” and OW/OB category (all p ≤0.035). In the postpartum, predictors were more heterogenous and included the insulin-sensitivity-adjusted-secretion index and 1-h glucose in the “insulin-deficient” and NW women.Main conclusionsIn women with GDM, we identified “insulin-resistant” and “insulin-deficient” clusters with distinct risks of future GI. Predictors varied according to clusters or BMI-categories emphasizing the need for tailored risk assessments.
Identification of the CDH18 gene associated with age-related macular degeneration using weighted gene co-expression network analysis
Authors: Liu Guina , Tan Mingqi , Liu Rui , Lu Xuejin , Jiang Xiaoshuang , Bai Yunpeng , Guo Zhigang , Lu Fang 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic and progressive macular degenerative disease that culminates in a gradual deterioration of central vision. Despite its prevalence, the key biomarkers for AMD have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to efficiently identify biomarkers crucial for diagnosing AMD.Methods: Three datasets pertaining to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid tissues associated with AMD were selected from the GEO database. The GSE50195 dataset was utilized to conduct weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) for identifying module genes linked to AMD. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses were subsequently conducted on these module genes. GSE29801 and GSE135092 datasets were subjected to differential expression analysis to pinpoint the DEGs intersecting with the module genes. Subsequently, wet AMD (wAMD) and dry AMD (dAMD) mouse models were developed, from which RPE/choroid tissues were harvested to validate the hub genes via RT-qPCR and Western blot.Results: Using the WGCNA, we selected the “antiquewhite4” module (r = 0.91 and p = 7e-07), which contains a total of 325 genes. Through the intersection of module genes with DEGs, nine hub genes were identified. Pathways involved in complement and coagulation cascades, ECM–receptor interactions, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and fatty acid elongation play important roles in AMD. Notably, CDH18 demonstrated notable variance across all three datasets. Post validation using RT-qPCR experiments revealed a significant downregulation of CDH18 in both dAMD and wAMD. EGLN3 was expressed at low levels in wAMD. In dAMD, EYA2, LTB, and PODXL were significantly downregulated, whereas APOC1 was notably upregulated. Western blot confirmed that CDH18 was lowly expressed in dAMD and wAMD mouse models.Conclusion: CDH18 was identified as the key gene involved in the pathogenesis of AMD. An imbalance of the complement and coagulation cascades is a potential mechanism of AMD. This study provides a novel idea for diagnosing and treating AMD in the future.
Causal effect of COVID-19 on optic nerve and visual pathway disorders: genetic evidence of lung-brain axis
Authors: Cao Chunge , Li Qiong , Cai Dajun , Yue Chaoyan , Zhao Hu 
Published: July 2024

PurposeTo investigate the potential causal association between COVID-19 exposure and optic nerve and visual pathway disorders through a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, and to provide empirical support for the lung-brain axis.MethodsThis MR analysis utilized publicly accessible summary-level data from genome-wide association studies on COVID-19 (n=158,783) and optic nerve and visual pathway diseases (n=412,181), primarily involving individuals of European descent. The random-effect inverse-variance weighted estimation was applied as the main analytical approach, complemented by MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode methods. The heterogeneity and pleiotropy of the instrumental variables were assessed using Cochran’s Q test, leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, and funnel plot evaluations.ResultsIn the forward analysis, the inverse-variance weighted method identified a significant causal effect of COVID-19 on optic nerve and visual pathway disorders (odds ratio = 1.697, 95% confidence interval: 1.086–2.652, p = 0.020). Directionally consistent results were also observed with MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode approaches. Conversely, the reverse analysis revealed no causal effects of optic nerve and visual pathway disorders on COVID-19 susceptibility.ConclusionOur findings suggest that COVID-19 exposure may increase the risk of developing optic nerve and visual pathway disorders, supporting the lung-brain axis hypothesis. These results underscore the importance of vigilant monitoring of the visual system in patients recovering from COVID-19 and suggest potential avenues for future therapeutic strategies.
Population pharmacokinetics and exposure–response analyses of SAF-189s in Chinese patients with ALK+/ROS1+ non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Yinhui , Tan Yan , Hu Lin , Li Jinlong , Yang Jiansong , Diao Lei , Yang Jin 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveSAF-189s is a potent ALK/ROS1 inhibitor that is currently in clinical development for treating advanced ALK+/ROS1+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Comprehensive population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) and exposure–response models were developed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SAF-189s by integrating data from two clinical studies.MethodsThe PopPK model was developed using plasma concentration data collected from patients with ALK+/ROS1+ advanced NSCLC (n = 299) and healthy subjects (n = 24). The covariates (demographics, laboratory values, subject types, and concomitant medications) were evaluated to determine their potential influence on the between-patient variability in the pharmacokinetics of SAF-189s. Individual exposure values were then used to investigate the relationships with the efficacy endpoints (overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and duration of response (DOR)) and key safety endpoints (adverse events of interest).ResultsThe final PopPK model of SAF-189s was described by a one-compartment model with delayed first-order absorption and time-dependent elimination by allowing the clearance to decrease stepwise over time. Age was included as a covariate for apparent clearance (CL/F), while prior anti-cancer therapy in ALK+ patients (ALKPOT) was included for apparent volume of distribution (V/F). There were no apparent exposure–response relationships for any of the efficacy endpoints at doses of 80–210 mg. The relationship between exposure and safety suggested that a higher steady-state exposure was associated with more frequent incidences of hyperglycemia and proteinuria; the 210-mg dose group was also less tolerated than the other low-dose groups.ConclusionPopPK and exposure–response models were developed for SAF-189s, and their results demonstrate that SAF-189s exposures are at the plateau of exposure–response for efficacy. The 210-mg dose group had a significantly higher safety risk, while the 160-mg dose group was well-tolerated. Thus, 160 mg of SAF-189s once daily was selected as the recommended phase III dose for the ALK+/ROS1+ or ROS1+ NSCLC patients.
Mothers with a history of trauma and their children: a systematic review of treatment interventions
Authors: van Ee Elisa , Meuleman Eline M. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionMothers with a history of trauma frequently face significant challenges in their relationships with their children. Therefore, it is crucial for trauma-exposed mothers and their young children to receive adequate trauma-informed treatment. This review aimed to examine the effects of trauma-informed interventions on improving the mother–child relationship among mothers with a history of trauma and their young children under 6 years old.MethodsThe study analyzed 15 articles that met the eligibility criteria, encompassing a sample size of 1,321 mothers. The systematic GRADE approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence in this systematic review.ResultsThe study found that while some interventions demonstrated small to large effects, the quality of evidence was only moderate. The most promising interventions were Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), Child–Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), and Maternal Empowerment Program (MEP), which all included elements of psychotherapy, psychoeducation, and skills training.DiscussionThe study underscores the importance of understanding the needs of mother–child dyads affected by trauma and tailoring interventions to meet those needs. Overall, the literature suggests that interventions combining psychotherapeutic, psychoeducational, and skills-training components are most effective in improving mother and child-related outcomes for mothers with a history of trauma and their young children. The review provides recommendations for future research and emphasizes the importance of considering the mother–child relationship in trauma-informed interventions.
Schrödinger's Cat—Parallel experiences: exploring the underlying mechanisms of undergraduates' engagement and perception in online learning
Authors: Zhang Hongfeng , Liu Yan , Su Shaodan 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe emergence of e-learning had an intense, immediate, and disruptive transformation in the education system. While education aims to seek more interactions and learning engagement between teachers and students, it turns out that it takes lots of work to achieve the goal in the online classroom.AimsThis study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms and implications that emerge from the influence of the new features of online learning, drawing on students' real-life experiences, to construct a comprehensive theoretical model.SampleFrom July 2023 to October 2023, 56 undergraduates, including 18 male and 38 female, participated in the data collection process either face-to-face or online.MethodsThe study constructs a substantive theoretical model by employing the approaches of The Grounded Theory, three level-coding constant comparative method, theoretical sampling, core category distillation and storyline collation.Results(1) The elements involved in the process of online learning exhibit underlying logical correlations, driven by profound underlying factors, ultimately resulting in a parallel experience akin to Schrödinger's Cat. (2) Online features lead to students' motivation mainly depending on whether they are self-regulated. (3) Teacher-student interactions and self-regulation shape different learning contexts and types by being moderated by internal and external effects.ConclusionsStudents had a parallel experience similar to that of Schrödinger's Cat: they were constantly dissatisfied with “rational” learning and “perceptually” satisfied with online learning. The variation in the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs necessities college students in online learning leads to parallel experiences.
Impact of psychosocial stress on facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia and controls: an experimental study in a forensic sample
Authors: Hachtel Henning , Deuring Gunnar , Graf Marc , Vogel Tobias 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPsychotic disorders have been associated with dysregulated stress reactions and adaptation. Little is known about the neuroendocrine responses to psychosocial stress in justice-involved individuals with schizophrenia. MethodsUsing an experimental research design, the present study aims to examine differences in the subjective and neuroendocrine responses to psychosocial stress and its impact on facial emotion recognition (FER) and performance on an arithmetic task in chronically ill justice-involved individuals with schizophrenia (PAT) and a healthy control group. PAT undergoing treatment in forensic psychiatric inpatient wards (n = 17) and a healthy control group (n = 17) were assessed regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Additionally, salivary cortisol levels, measured before and after performing a psychosocial stress task [Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST)], and performance on an arithmetic problem-solving task and two FER tasks were recorded. Two participants dropped out, one from each group. Therefore, the final sample consisted of 32 individuals. ResultsSignificant group differences in FER were recorded. There was a significant rise in subjective perception of momentary strain relating to the induction of psychosocial stress in both groups. Notably, the pre-stress level of subjective strain was higher in the PAT group than controls. Acute psychosocial stress induced an increase in FER performance in a sub-task related to naming emotions in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. DiscussionThe results underline the importance of psychosocial and therapeutic interventions aimed at strengthening stress resilience in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation and narrow-band auditory stimulation on the intraoperative electroencephalogram: an exploratoratory feasibility study
Authors: Isik Oliver G. , Cassim Tuan Z. , Ahmed Meah T. , Kreuzer Matthias , Daramola Alice M. , Garcia Paul S. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionDuring general anesthesia, frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) activity in the alpha frequency band (8–12 Hz) correlates with the adequacy of analgesia. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and auditory stimulation, two noninvasive neuromodulation techniques, can entrain alpha activity in awake or sleeping patients. This study evaluates their effects on alpha oscillations in patients under general anesthesia.Methods30 patients receiving general anesthesia for surgery were enrolled in this two-by-two randomized clinical trial. Each participant received active or sham tDCS followed by auditory stimulation or silence according to assigned group (TDCS/AUD, TDCS/SIL, SHAM/AUD, SHAM/SIL). Frontal EEG was recorded before and after neuromodulation. Patients with burst suppression, mid-study changes in anesthetic, or incomplete EEG recordings were excluded from analysis. The primary outcome was post-stimulation change in oscillatory alpha power, compared in each intervention group against the change in the control group SHAM/SIL by Wilcoxon Rank Sum testing.ResultsAll 30 enrolled participants completed the study. Of the 22 included for analysis, 8 were in TDCS/AUD, 4 were in TDCS/SIL, 5 were in SHAM/AUD, and 5 were in SHAM/SIL. The median change in oscillatory alpha power was +4.7 dB (IQR 4.4, 5.8 dB) in SHAM/SIL, +2.8 dB (IQR 1.5, 8.9 dB) in TDCS/SIL (p = 0.730), +5.5 dB in SHAM/AUD (p = 0.421), and -6.1 dB (IQR -10.2, -2.2 dB) in TDCS/AUD (p = 0.045).ConclusiontDCS and auditory stimulation can be administered safely intraoperatively. However, these interventions did not increase alpha power as administered and measured in this pilot study.