bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emigration activity of the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryza Philus Surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) in various environmental temperatures
Authors: Kłyś Małgorzata 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The study pertained to the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis L., a dangerous pest of stored food products. The studies were carried out in the laboratory. Thermostats were set at a temperature of 31°C; an optimum temperature for this insect species, and in temperatures lowered to 28 and 22°C. The relative air humidity was kept at 60 ±5% relative humidity (RH). The main topic of the study was to examine the effect of lower temperatures in the environment, on the emigration activity of O. surinamensis. In these conditions, the population dynamics and the sex structure in O. surinamensis populations were also studied. The saw-toothed grain beetle was found to display very high emigration activity at 31 and 28°C. Lowering the temperature to 22°C caused a decrease in emigration activity and total inhibition of emigration activity until the 120th day of the experiment. A higher emigration levels among females rather than males, was also observed.
Droplet size classification of air induction flat fan nozzles
Authors: Czaczyk Zbigniew , Kruger Greg , Hewitt Andrew 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Measurements were made of the droplet size for a series of air induction flat fan nozzles produced by Marian Mikołajczak Agro Technology (MMAT) and Coorstek. The MMAT nozzles, according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard sizes, are typical single jet (long body, 37 mm) with 025, 03, and 04 orifice sizes; (short body, 21 mm) with 02, 025, 03 and 04 orifice sizes; and twin jet (short body, 21 mm) with 03 and 04 orifice sizes. Ceramic air induction flat fan nozzles of the Albuz AVI series (Coorstek, France) with the orifice size 01, 02 and 03 were tested. The sprays were described using the following droplet size parameters: Dv10, Dv50, Dv90, relative span (RS), spray volume (%) in size fractions < 100 μm and 100÷200 μm. The sprays were also classified according to American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) standard S572.1 (ASAE 2009).
Susceptibility of winter Triticale Cultivars to Rhizoctonia Cerealis (sharp eyespot) and R. Solani
Authors: Lemańczyk Grzegorz 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the field study period from 2006 to 2010, the incidence and severity of sharp eyespot caused byRhizoctoniawere recorded on 36 cultivars of triticale at the milk ripe growth stage. Four localities in north-central Poland were included: Chrząstowo, Dębina, Kończewice and Minikowo. The susceptibility of the seedlings of 30 cultivars of triticale toR. cerealis(AG-D subgroup I) andR. solani(AG-5) was studied in the laboratory. There was much variation in incidence and severity of sharp eyespot between years and locations. The disease was most intense at Chrząstowo. At this location, the mean percentage of diseased stems on 28 cultivars was 2.6-35.7 (-55.0), and the mean disease index was 0.7-15.6 (-24.5), with the lowest and highest values in 2008 and 2009, respectively. At Minikowo, the disease was least intense. At this location, the mean percentage of diseased stems on 23 cultivars was 1.0-4.6 (-18.0), and the mean disease index was 0.3-1.4 (-6.3), with the lowest and highest values in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The cultivars with least intense disease were Tulus and Atletico (Chrząstowo), Grenado and Zorro (Dębina), Krakowiak and Tornado (Kończewice), and Woltario and Constans (Minikowo). The cultivars with most intense disease were Alekto (Chrząstowo), Baltiko (Dębina), Pawo (Kończewice) and Borwo (Minikowo). MostlyR. cerealiswas isolated from the diseased stems;R. solaniwas isolated only sporadically. There was a wide variation in the susceptibility of triticale cultivars toRhizoctonia. Most triticale seedlings inoculated withR. cerealisproduced symptoms typical of sharp eyespot. Seedlings inoculated withR. solaniformed extended lesions with no defined borders. Most symptoms developed on coleoptiles, with less symptoms on the leaves and the least on the roots. There was much variation in susceptibility of triticale cultivars to bothRhizoctoniaspecies. Cultivars were grouped into six categories according to the intensity of seedling infection. Categories 1, 2 and 3, representing low, moderate and high susceptibility toR. cerealis, included 17, 10 and 3 cultivars, respectively.Categories 4, 5 and 6, representing low, moderate and high susceptibility toR. solani, included 3, 12 and 15 cultivars, respectively.Cultivars Baltiko and Zorro had low, and cv. Cultivo had high susceptibility to bothRhizoctoniaspecies. No cultivar was resistant toRhizoctonia. There was a positive correlation between infection byR. cerealisandR. solani.Infection of coleoptiles byR. cerealisorR. solaniwas significantly correlated with infection of leaves. No correlation between intensity of sharp eyespot on triticale plants in the field and on seedlings in controlled conditions was found.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of different herbicides on weed invasion in the fields of triticale
Authors: Ziveh Parviz Sharifi , Mahdavi Vahid 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
One of the factors limiting crop growth is weeds. The weeds lead to a reduced performance of the crops. Chemical control methods are considered appropriate for controlling weeds. Therefore, in the fight to control weeds in triticale, the performance of the dual-purpose herbicide sulfosulfuron(Apirus®), mesosulfuron + idosulfuron(Atlantis®), metsulfuron methyl+sulfosulfuron(Total®) with surfactant and isoproton + diflufenican(Panther®) from the sulfonylurea group, and narrow leaf herbicides clodinafobpropargyl( Topik®), pinoxaden(New Axial®), diclofop-methyl(Iloxan®), pinoxaden + clodinafob-propagyl (Traxos ®), fenoxaprop-pethyl + mefen-pyper-d-ethyl(PumaSuper®), tralkoksidim(Grasb®) with 1 liter oil, flam-prop-m-isopropyl(Suffix BW®), and control treatment without herbicides were evaluated. The test was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Spraying was carried out using a back sprayer. For evaluation of ocular damage, the European Weed Research Council (EWRC) standard method was used. According to the performed studies, the narrow leaves of wild oat and barnyard grass were the dominant weeds. Results showed that all herbicide, except the herbicide tralkoksidim, were effective in weed control. The triticale yield was maintained with the use of these herbicides and none of herbicide had an adverse effect on the crop. In the first weeks of herbicide use, the triticale leaves appeared pale but this problem resolved over time. It seems that the herbicides discussed in this paper can be used on the triticale plant.
An influence of herbs on the sex structure in populations of insect pests of stored products
Authors: Kłyś Małgorzata 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The effects of powdered herbs (lavender Lavandula officinalis L., peppermint Mentha piperita L. and basil Ocimium basilicum L.) added to the food substances of three insect species: the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.), lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) on the life span and development of the three insect species as well as habitat conditions, sex structure, and the survivability of males and females were considered. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory at a temperature of 28°C and relative humidity (RH) 60 ±5%. In all the studied populations, high female mortality was found (♂/♀ < 1). The studied populations were: the rice weevil and the lesser grain borer cultured in wheat grain with herb additions, and the saw-toothed grain beetle cultured in semolina with herb additions. Among the herbs used, peppermint caused a significant effect in the form of increased mortality rates among females of S. oryzae and O. surinamensis. Lavender and basil had a similar impact among R. dominica females. The herbs applied in the experiments intensified the mortality of females and, consequently, led to the disappearance of entire populations.
The influence of long-term storage in liquid nitrogen on survival and pathogenicity of Phytophthora Infestans isolates
Authors: Sobkowiak Sylwester , Zarzycka Hanna , Śliwka Jadwiga 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A set of 14 aggressive Phythophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary isolates with a wide range of virulence, was stored for eight years (2002-2010) in liquid nitrogen at -196°C (209 samples) and under paraffin oil at 7°C (70 test tubes). The survival rate of samples stored in liquid nitrogen was scored as 88%, 45 days after thawing. The revived isolates were passaged through potato tissues four times and tested for virulence on a set of 11 Black’s differentials. The mean number of virulence factors per isolate, of these P. infestans isolates evaluated before storage, was 7.4. The isolates stored in liquid nitrogen and under paraffin oil and passaged four times through potato tissues showed a similar mean number of virulence factors per isolate, 7.3 and 6.9, respectively. Isolates stored under paraffin oil showed no expression of factor avr5, but expression of this factor occurred in six isolates after liquid nitrogen treatment. The initial expression of this factor occurred in four isolates. Before storage, the average aggressiveness of the tested isolates was assessed as 1.7, on a 1-9 scale, where 1 means the most aggressive. After storage and after four subsequent passages through potato tissues, the mean aggressiveness of isolates stored in liquid nitrogen and under paraffin oil reached the level of 1.5 and 2.1, respectively. The mean aggressiveness was not significantly different from the level of initial assessment.
The effectiveness of weed regulation methods in spring wheat cultivated in integrated, conventional and organic crop production systems
Authors: Feledyn-Szewczyk Beata 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The research was conducted from 2008 to 2010, and compared the influence of different weed control methods used in spring wheat on the structure of the weed communities and the crop yield. The study was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute in Osiny as part of a long-term trial where these crop production systems had been compared since 1994. In the conventional and integrated systems, spring wheat was grown in a pure stand, whereas in the organic system, the wheat was grown with undersown clover and grasses. In the conventional system, herbicides were applied two times in a growing season, but in the integrated system - only once. The effectiveness of weed management was lower in the organic system than in other systems, but the dry matter of weeds did not exceed 60 g/m2. In the integrated system, the average dry matter of weeds in spring wheat was 4 times lower, and in the conventional system 10 times lower than in the organic system. Weed diversity was the largest in spring wheat cultivated in the organic system. In the conventional and integrated systems, compensation of some weed species was observed (Viola arvensis, Fallopia convolvulus, Equisetum arvense). The comparison of weed communities using Sorenson’s indices revealed more of a similarity between systems in terms of number of weed species than in the number of individuals. Such results imply that qualitative changes are slower than quantitative ones. The yield of grain was the biggest in the integrated system (5.5 t/ha of average). It was 35% higher than in the organic system, and 20% higher than in conventional ones.
Quantum Channels with Memory
Authors: Rybár Tomáš 
Published: January 2013

AbstractQuantum memory channels represent a very general, yet simple and comprehensible model for causal processes. As such they have attracted considerable research interest, mostly aimed on their transfer capabilities and structure properties. Most notably it was shown that memory channels can be implemented via physically naturally motivated collision models. We also define the concept of repeatable channels and show that only unital channels can be implemented repeatably with pure memory channels. In the special case of qubit channels we also show that every unital qubit channel has a repeatable implementation. We also briefly explore the possibilities of stroboscopical simulation of channels and show that all random unitary channels can be stroboscopically simulated. Particularly in qubit case, all indivisible qubit channels are also random unitary, hence for qubit all indivisible channels can be stroboscopically simulated. Memory channels also naturally capture the framework of correlated experiments. We develop methods to gather and interpret data obtained in such setting and in detail examine the two qubit case. We also show that for control unitary interactions the measured data will never contradict a simple unitary evolution. Thus no memory effects can be spotted then.
Validation of the heat and mass transfer models within a pressurized water reactor containment using the International Standard Problem No. 47 data
Authors: Bury Tomasz , Składzień Jan , Fic Adam 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A lumped parameter type code, called HEPCAL, has been worked out in the Institute of Thermal Technology of the Silesian University of Technology for simulations of a pressurized water reactor containment transient response to a loss-of-coolant accident. The HEPCAL code has been already verified and validated against available experimental data, which in fact have been taken from separate effect tests mainly. This work is devoted to validation of the latest version of the HEPCAL code against experimental data from more complex tests. These experiments have been performed on three different test rigs (called TOSQAN,MISTRA and ThAI) and a part of them became the basis of the International Standard Problem No. 47 (ISP-47) dedicated to containment thermal-hydraulics. Selected experiments realized within the framework of the ISP-47 project have been simulated using the HEPCAL-AD code. The obtained results allowed for drawing of some important conclusions concerning heat and mass transfer models (especially steam condensation), two-phase flow model and buoyancy effects.
Experimental investigation of the two-phase flow regimes and pressure drop in horizontal mini-size rectangular test section
Authors: Elazhary Amr Mohamed , Soliman Hassan M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
An experimental study was conducted in order to investigate two-phase flow regimes and fully developed pressure drop in a mini-size, horizontal rectangular channel. The test section was machined in the form of an impacting tee junction in an acrylic block (in order to facilitate visualization) with a rectangular cross-section of 1.87-mm height on 20-mm width on the inlet and outlet sides. Pressure drop measurement and flow regime identification were performed on all three sides of the junction. Air-water mixtures at 200 kPa (abs) and room temperature were used as the test fluids. Four flow regimes were identified visually: bubbly, plug, churn, and annular over the ranges of gas and liquid superficial velocities of 0.04 ≤ JG ≤ 10 m/s and 0.02 ≤ JL ≤ 0.7 m/s, respectively, and a flow regime map was developed. Accuracy of the pressure-measurement technique was validated with single-phase, laminar and turbulent, fully developed data. Two-phase experiments were conducted for eight different inlet conditions and various mass splits at the junction. Comparisons were conducted between the present data and former correlations for the fully developed two-phase pressure drop in rectangular channels with similar sizes. Wide deviations were found among these correlations, and the correlations that agreed best with the present data were identified.
Energy consumption in terms of shear stress for two types of membrane bioreactors used for municipal wastewater treatment processes
Authors: Ratkovich Nicolas , Bentzen Thomas R. , Rasmussen Michael R. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Two types of submerged membrane bioreactors (MBR): hollow fiber (HF) and hollow sheet (HS), have been studied and compared in terms of energy consumption and average shear stress over the membrane wall. The analysis of energy consumption was made using the correlation to determine the blower power and the blower power demand per unit of permeate volume. Results showed that for the system geometries considered, in terms the of the blower power, the HF MBR requires less power compared to HS MBR. However, in terms of blower power per unit of permeate volume, the HS MBR requires less energy. The analysis of shear stress over the membrane surface was made using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling. Experimental measurements for the HF MBR were compared with the CFD model and an error less that 8% was obtained. For the HS MBR, experimental measurements of velocity profiles were made and an error of 11% was found. This work uses an empirical relationship to determine the shear stress based on the ratio of aeration blower power to tank volume. This relationship is used in bubble column reactors and it is extrapolate to determine shear stress on MBR systems. This relationship proved to be overestimated by 28% compared to experimental measurements and CFD results. Therefore, a corrective factor is included in the relationship in order to account for the membrane placed inside the bioreactor.
Power enhancement of the Brayton cycle by steam utilization
Authors: Jesionek Krzysztof , Chrzczonowski Andrzej , Ziółkowski Paweł , Badur Janusz 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The paper presents thermodynamic analysis of the gas-steam unit of the 65 MWe combined heat and power station. Numerical analyses of the station was performed for the nominal operation conditions determining the Brayton and combined cycle. Furthermore, steam utilization for the gas turbine propulsion in the Cheng cycle was analysed. In the considered modernization, steam generated in the heat recovery steam generator unit is directed into the gas turbine combustion chamber, resulting in the Brayton cycle power increase. Computational flow mechanics codes were used in the analysis of the thermodynamic and operational parameters of the unit.
Exergy analysis of internal regeneration in supercritical cycles of ORC power plant
Authors: Borsukiewicz-Gozdur Aleksandra 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In the paper presented is an idea of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operating with supercritical parameters and so called dry fluids. Discussed is one of the methods of improving the effectiveness of operation of supercritical cycle by application of internal regeneration of heat through the use of additional heat exchanger. The main objective of internal regenerator is to recover heat from the vapour leaving the turbine and its transfer to the liquid phase of working fluid after the circulation pump. In effect of application of the regenerative heat exchanger it is possible to obtain improved effectiveness of operation of the power plant, however, only in the case when the ORC plant is supplied from the so called sealed heat source. In the present paper presented is the discussion of heat sources and on the base of the case study of two heat sources, namely the rate of heat of thermal oil from the boiler and the rate of heat of hot air from the cooler of the clinkier from the cement production line having the same initial temperature of 260 oC, presented is the influence of the heat source on the justification of application of internal regeneration. In the paper presented are the calculations for the supercritical ORC power plant with R365mfc as a working fluid, accomplished has been exergy changes and exergy efficiency analysis with the view to select the most appropriate parameters of operation of the power plant for given parameters of the heat source.
Numerical thermodynamic optimization of supercritical coal fired power plant with support of IPSEpro software
Authors: Elsner Witold , Kowalczyk Łukasz , Marek Maciej 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The paper presents a thermodynamic optimization of supercritical coal fired power plant. The aim of the study was to optimize part of the thermal cycle consisted of high-pressure turbine and two chosen highpressure feed water heaters. Calculations were carried out using IPSEpro software combined with MATLAB, where thermal efficiency and gross power generation efficiency were chosen as objective functions. It was shown that the optimization with newly developed framework is sufficiently precise and its main advantage is the reduction of computation time on comparison to the classical method. The calculations have shown the tendency of the increase in efficiency, with the rise of a number of function variables.
Properties of selected soils from the sub−arctic region of Labrador, Canada
Authors: Walker Tony R. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Atotal of 212 soil profiles were described and assessed for physical and chemical properties during July 2006 as part of an Ecological Land Classification study along the Churchill River in central Labrador. Two major soil types were found in the study area along the Churchill River: Podzols and Organic soils. Podzolic soils covered approximately 60% and Organic soils occurred in 24% of the study area. Approximately 15% of the study area was classified as rock and other unconsolidated material. Summary results and a sub−set of the following soil units (from 10 soil profiles) are presented here and were distin− guished according to the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC) (Soil Classifica− tion Working Group 1998): Orthic Humo−Ferric Podzol, Placic Ferro−Humic Podzol, Gleyed Humo−Ferric Podzol, Sombric Humo−Ferric Podzol, Gleyed Regosol and Orthic Luvic Gleysol. The basic properties of the soil units identified above included: (i) morpho− logical descriptions of soil profiles with differentiated horizons; (ii) field−texture tests were used to determine classes and physical properties of sands, silts, loams and occurrence of mottles; and (iii) a range of soil chemical composition of different horizons (e.g., pH, total organic carbon [TOC] and select metal concentrations) which indicated no anthropogenic contamination above background concentrations in the area.
Review of the putative Phorusrhacidae from the Cretaceous and Paleogene of Antarctica: new records of ratites and pelagornithid birds
Authors: Cenizo Marcos M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract: Remains referred to Phorusrhacidae from the Cretaceous and Paleogene of the Antarctic Peninsula, and mainly known through informal and succinct descriptions, are re− assigned here to other bird lineages recorded in the Antarctic continent. New records of ratites, pelagornithid birds, and penguins are added to the Upper Eocene avifauna of Sey− mour Island. Moreover, the original allocation for an alleged cursorial seriema−like bird from the Maastrichtian of Vega Island is refuted, and its affinities with foot−propelled div− ing birds are indicated. The indeterminate Pelagornithidae specimen represents the largest pseudo−toothed bird known so far. It is concluded that there is no empirical evidence for the presence of terror birds in Antarctica.
Rare calcareous microfossils from Middle Miocene strata, Weddell Sea off Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Majewski Wojciech , Olempska Ewa , Kaim Andrzej , Anderson B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe calcareousmicrofossil assemblage from Middle Miocene strata of SHALDRIL Site NBP0602A−5D consists of benthic foraminifera, ostracods, bivalves, and gastropods, and is interpreted as shallow−water. It appears to be reworked but its age is probably similar to the age of the host sediment, which contains only rare, fragmented, agglutinated foraminifera. Most of the calcareous taxa are of uncertain taxonomic affiliation, due to the scarcity of Ceno− zoic microfossils of this age fromWest Antarctica, and also the very different paleohabitat of this now extinct assemblage.