bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotura espontánea del aparato extensor secundaria a artrosis de la articulación radiocubital distal
Authors: Sánchez M. , Moli G. , Celma J. 
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: Presentar los resultados funcionales de pacientes no reumáticos, intervenidos por roturas del aparato extensor con artrosis de la articulación radiocubital distal. Valorar la influencia de la varianza y la luxación dorsal del cúbito en estos pacientes.Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo de los casos de rotura atraumática del aparato extensor a nivel de la articulación radio-cubital distal intervenidos en el periodo 2002-2012. Se recogen variables sociodemográficas, estudio radiológico centrado en análisis de factores desencadenantes: artropatía, morfología de la articulación, presencia de subluxación de la cabeza cubital y varianza cubital. Se descarta la enfermedad reumática mediante estudio analítico. Se detalla la técnica quirúrgica realizada según la presencia de factores desencadenantes y el número de tendones afectos. Se valora el resultado funcional por medio de la escala TAM, Quick-DASH y el dolor según la escala EVA.Resultados: Se identifican 8 casos de rotura espontánea del aparato extensor por artrosis en la articulación radio-cubital distal. Media de edad 73 años (66-81). Seguimiento medio 5 años (212). En 7 casos se observa afectación tendinosa múltiple, principalmente los encargados de los dedos medio, anular y meñique. En el estudio radiológico destaca la presencia de una varianza cubital minus en 3 casos. Resultado funcional según escala TAM: bueno en 5 casos y regular en 3 casos. EVA media de 2. Quick-DASH 21.7.Conclusiones: Los pacientes presentan a medio-largo plazo un resultado funcional aceptable utilizando la escala TAM y el cuestionario Quick-DASH, con un dolor residual leve según la escala EVA. Todos los pacientes mantienen o mejoran su TAM comparados con su exploración preoperatoria, obteniendo un resultado bueno en el 62.5% de los casos. No es necesaria la presencia de una varianza plus o subluxación de la cabeza para desencadenar la rotura puesto que se observan 3 casos con varianza minus y sin subluxación.
Transmission of Clostridium difficile During Hospitalization for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant
Authors: Kamboj Mini , Sheahan Anna , Sun Janet , Taur Ying , Robilotti Elizabeth , Babady Esther , Papanicolaou Genovefa , Jakubowski Ann , Pamer Eric , Sepkowitz Kent 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVETo determine the role of unit-based transmission that accounts for cases of early Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) during hospitalization for allogeneic stem cell transplant.SETTINGStem cell transplant unit at a tertiary care cancer center.METHODSSerially collected stool from patients admitted for transplant was screened for toxigenic C. difficile through the hospital stay and genotyping was performed by multilocus sequence typing. In addition, isolates retrieved from cases of CDI that occurred in other patients hospitalized on the same unit were similarly characterized. Transmission links were established by time-space clustering of cases and carriers of shared toxigenic C. difficile strains.RESULTSDuring the 27-month period, 1,099 samples from 264 patients were screened, 69 of which had evidence of toxigenic C. difficile; 52 patients developed CDI and 17 were nonsymptomatic carriers. For the 52 cases, 41 had evidence of toxigenic C. difficile on the first study sample obtained within a week of admission, among which 22 were positive within the first 48 hours. A total of 24 sequence types were isolated from this group; 1 patient had infection with the NAP1 strain. A total of 11 patients had microbiologic evidence of acquisition; donor source could be established in half of these cases.CONCLUSIONSMost cases of CDI after stem cell transplant represent delayed onset disease in nonsymptomatic carriers. Transmission on stem cell transplant unit was confirmed in 19% of early CDI cases in our cohort with a probable donor source established in half of the cases.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;37(1):8–15
A Successful Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Reduction Bundle at a Singapore Hospital
Authors: Fisher Dale , Pang Long , Salmon Sharon , Lin Raymond T.P. , Teo Cathrine , Tambyah Paul , Jureen Roland , Cook Alex R. , Otter Jonathan A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe report a reduction in the vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) rate from a peak of 1.5 cases per 1,000 admissions (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0−2.1) in August 2012 to 0.5 per 1,000 admissions (95% CI: 0.3−1.0) by January 2015, associated with a bundle of interventions.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2015;37(1):107–109
A Multicenter Longitudinal Study of Hospital-Onset Bacteremia: Time for a New Quality Outcome Measure?
Authors: Rock Clare , Thom Kerri A. , Harris Anthony D. , Li Shanahan , Morgan Daniel , Milstone Aaron M. , Caffo Brian , Joshi Manjari , Leekha Surbhi 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDCentral-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate is an important quality measure, but it suffers from subjectivity and interrater variability, and decreasing national CLABSI rates may compromise its power to discriminate between hospitals. This study evaluates hospital-onset bacteremia (HOB, ie, any positive blood culture obtained 48 hours post admission) as a healthcare-associated infection–related outcome measure by assessing the association between HOB and CLABSI rates and comparing the power of each to discriminate quality among intensive care units (ICUs).METHODSIn this multicenter study, ICUs provided monthly CLABSI and HOB rates for 2012 and 2013. A Poisson regression model was used to assess the association between these 2 rates. We compared the power of each measure to discriminate between ICUs using standardized infection ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A measure was defined as having greater power to discriminate if more of the SIRs (with surrounding CIs) were different from 1.RESULTSIn 80 ICUs from 16 hospitals in the United States and Canada, a total of 663 CLABSIs, 475,420 central line days, 11,280 HOBs, and 966,757 patient days were reported. An absolute change in HOB of 1 per 1,000 patient days was associated with a 2.5% change in CLABSI rate (P<.001). Among the 80 ICUs, 20 (25%) had a CLABSI SIR and 60 (75%) had an HOB SIR that was different from 1 (P<.001).CONCLUSIONChange in HOB rate is strongly associated with change in CLABSI rate and has greater power to discriminate between ICU performances. Consideration should be given to using HOB to replace CLABSI as an outcome measure in infection prevention quality assessments.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(2):143–148
Lysimeleia (Thucydides 7.53, Theocritus 16.84): What Thucydides does not tell us about the Sicilian Expedition
Authors: Rawles Richard 
Published: October 2015

Abstract:In this paper, it is proposed that the lake Lysimeleia, mentioned by Thucydides in his account of the latter part of the Sicilian Expedition and by Theocritus in his encomium of Hieron II of Sicily, is likely to have been a sacred lake to the two goddesses Demeter and Kore. This suggestion is integrated into a way of reading the relevant passages in Thucydides and Theocritus, and its possible implications in the context of early discourses concerning the Athenian campaign at Syracuse are explored. In particular, this episode is read as one which can help us to consider the significance of Thucydides’ tendency to downplay religious aspects of the events he describes and to speculate about what sorts of discourses about the Sicilian Expedition might have circulated among others, who would have been likely to consider such questions very differently.
Widowhood in the fourth age: support exchange, relationships and social participation
Authors: ISHERWOOD L. M. , KING D. S. , LUSZCZ M. A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWidowhood becomes increasingly common with advancing age, and spousal bereavement is likely to present additional challenges for adults in very late life. However, previous studies have not considered the potential heterogeneity of the experience of widowhood for different age cohorts. This study provided a novel examination of the experience of social resources during widowhood in the fourth age. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 widowed older men and women in the fourth age, i.e. aged 85 years and older. Participants were asked about their access to, and mobilisation of, social resources during widowhood in the fourth age. The role that these resources play in adjustment to spousal loss was also explored. During this phase, widowhood was associated with diminished social networks and concurrent challenges related to ageing and health which impacted upon support needs and social participation. Despite requiring and receiving increasing levels of social support, participants strove to maximise independence. Males and those widowed during the fourth age were more likely to experience social isolation, loneliness and unwanted informal support. Through the mobilisation of social resources many oldest-old widowed adults continue to lead socially engaged and meaningful lives. The implications of the findings for future policy and practice are discussed, including the need for programmes to promote the continuing independence, self-directedness and social engagement of widowed individuals experiencing advanced ageing.
3D SLAM in texture-less environments using rank order statistics
Authors: Yousif Khalid , Bab-Hadiashar Alireza , Hoseinnezhad Reza 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYWe present a real time 3D SLAM system for texture-less scenes using only depth information provided by a low cost RGB-D sensor. The proposed method is based on a novel informative sampling scheme that extracts points carrying the most useful 3D information for registration. The aim of the proposed sampling technique is to informatively sample a point cloud into a subset of points based on their 3D information. The flatness of a point is measured by applying a rank order statistics based robust segmentation method to surface normals in its local vicinity. The extracted keypoints from sequential frames are then matched and a rank order statistics based robust estimator is employed to refine the matches and estimate a rigid-body transformation between the frames. Experimental evaluations show that the proposed keypoint extraction method is highly repeatable and outperforms the state of the art methods in terms of accuracy and repeatability. We show that the performance of the registration algorithm is also comparable to other well-known methods in texture-less environments.
Early verb constructions in French: adjacency on the left edge
Authors: VENEZIANO EDY , CLARK EVE V. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractChildren acquiring French elaborate their early verb constructions by adding adjacent morphemes incrementally at the left edge of core verbs. This hypothesis was tested with 2657 verb uses from four children between 1;3 and 2;7. Consistent with the Adjacency Hypothesis, children added clitic subjects first only to present tense forms (as inil saute‘he jumps’); modals to infinitives (as infaut sauter‘has to jump’); and auxiliaries to past participles (as ina sauté‘has jumped’). Only after this did the children add subjects to the left of a modal or auxiliary, as inelle veut sauter‘she wants to jump’, orelle a sauté‘she has jumped’. The order in which these elements were added, and the development in the frequencies of the constructions, all support the predictions of the Adjacency Hypothesis for left edge development in early verb constructions.
Emergency Care Capabilities in North East Haiti: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: De Wulf Annelies , Aluisio Adam R. , Muhlfelder Dana , Bloem Christina 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe North East Department is a resource-limited region of Haiti. Health care is provided by hospitals and community clinics, with no formal Emergency Medical System and undefined emergency services. As a paucity of information exists on available emergency services in the North East Department of Haiti, the objective of this study was to assess systematically the existing emergency care resources in the region.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study was carried out at all Ministry of Public Health and Population (MSPP)-affiliated hospitals in the North East Department and all clinics within the Fort Liberté district. A modified version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Tool for Situational Analysis to Assess Emergency and Essential Surgical Care and Generic Essential Emergency Equipment Lists were completed for each facility.ResultsThree MSPP hospitals and five clinics were assessed. Among hospitals, all had a designated emergency ward with 24 hour staffing by a medical doctor. All hospitals had electricity with backup generators and access to running water; however, none had potable water. All hospitals had x-ray and ultrasound capabilities. No computed tomography scanners existed in the region. Invasive airway equipment and associated medications were not present consistently in the hospitals’ emergency care areas, but they were available in the operating rooms. Pulse oximetry was unavailable uniformly. One hospital had intermittently functioning defibrillation equipment, and two hospitals had epinephrine. Basic supplies for managing obstetrical and traumatic emergencies were available at all hospitals. Surgical services were accessible at two hospitals. No critical care services were available in the region. Clinics varied widely in terms of equipment availability. They uniformly had limited emergency medical equipment. The clinics also had inconsistent access to basic assessment tools (sphygmomanometers 20% and stethoscopes 60%). A protocol for transferring patients requiring a higher level of care was present in most (80%) clinics and one of the hospitals. However, no facility had a written protocol for transferring patients to other facilities. One hospital reported intermittent access to an ambulance for transfers.ConclusionsDeficits in the supply of emergency equipment and limited protocols for inter-facility transfers exist in North East Department of Haiti. These essential areas represent appropriate targets for interventions aimed at improving access to emergency care within the North East region of Haiti.De WulfA, AluisioAR, MuhlfelderD, BloemC. Emergency care capabilities in North East Haiti: a cross-sectional observational study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(6):553–559.
Cost of inaction on sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: implications for obesity in South Africa
Authors: Tugendhaft Aviva , Manyema Mercy , Veerman Lennert J , Chola Lumbwe , Labadarios Demetre , Hofman Karen J 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effect of increased sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption on future adult obesity prevalence in South Africa in the absence of preventive measures.DesignA model was constructed to simulate the effect of a 2·4 % annual increase in SSB consumption on obesity prevalence. The model computed the change in energy intake assuming a compounding increase in SSB consumption. The population distribution of BMI by age and sex was modelled by fitting measured data from the 2012 South African National Income Dynamics Survey to the log-normal distribution and shifting the mean values.SettingOver the past decade the prevalence of obesity and related non-communicable diseases has increased in South Africa, as have the sales and availability of SSB. Soft drink sales in South Africa are projected to grow between 2012 and 2017 at an annual compounded growth rate of 2·4 % in the absence of preventive measures to curb consumption.ResultsA 2·4 % annual growth in SSB sales alongside population growth and ageing will result in an additional 1 287 000 obese adults in South Africa by 2017, 22 % of which will be due to increased SSB consumption.ConclusionsIn order to meet the South African target of reducing the number of people who are obese and/or overweight by 10 % by 2020, the country cannot afford to delay implementing effective population-wide interventions. In the face of plans to increase growth of SSB, the country will soon face even greater challenges in overcoming obesity and related non-communicable diseases.
COARSE AMENABILITY AND DISCRETENESS
Authors: DYDAK JERZY 
Published: October 2015

This paper is devoted to dualization of paracompactness to the coarse category via the concept of $R$-disjointness. Property A of Yu can be seen as a coarse variant of amenability via partitions of unity and leads to a dualization of paracompactness via partitions of unity. On the other hand, finite decomposition complexity of Guentner, Tessera, and Yu and straight finite decomposition complexity of Dranishnikov and Zarichnyi employ $R$-disjointness as the main concept. We generalize both concepts to that of countable asymptotic dimension and our main result shows that it is a subclass of spaces with Property A. In addition, it gives a necessary and sufficient condition for spaces of countable asymptotic dimension to be of finite asymptotic dimension.
Portable lensless wide-field microscopy imaging platform based on digital inline holography and multi-frame pixel super-resolution
Authors: Sobieranski Antonio C , Inci Fatih , Tekin H Cumhur , Yuksekkaya Mehmet , Comunello Eros , Cobra Daniel , von Wangenheim Aldo , Demirci Utkan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, an irregular displacement-based lensless wide-field microscopy imaging platform is presented by combining digital in-line holography and computational pixel super-resolution using multi-frame processing. The samples are illuminated by a nearly coherent illumination system, where the hologram shadows are projected into a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-based imaging sensor. To increase the resolution, a multi-frame pixel resolution approach is employed to produce a single holographic image from multiple frame observations of the scene, with small planar displacements. Displacements are resolved by a hybrid approach: (i) alignment of the LR images by a fast feature-based registration method, and (ii) fine adjustment of the sub-pixel information using a continuous optimization approach designed to find the global optimum solution. Numerical method for phase-retrieval is applied to decode the signal and reconstruct the morphological details of the analyzed sample. The presented approach was evaluated with various biological samples including sperm and platelets, whose dimensions are in the order of a few microns. The obtained results demonstrate a spatial resolution of 1.55 μm on a field-of-view of ≈30 mm2.
Microsecond-sustained lasing from colloidal quantum dot solids
Authors: Adachi Michael M. , Fan Fengjia , Sellan Daniel P. , Hoogland Sjoerd , Voznyy Oleksandr , Houtepen Arjan J. , Parrish Kevin D. , Kanjanaboos Pongsakorn , Malen Jonathan A. , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractColloidal quantum dots have grown in interest as materials for light amplification and lasing in view of their bright photoluminescence, convenient solution processing and size-controlled spectral tunability. To date, lasing in colloidal quantum dot solids has been limited to the nanosecond temporal regime, curtailing their application in systems that require more sustained emission. Here we find that the chief cause of nanosecond-only operation has been thermal runaway: the combination of rapid heat injection from the pump source, poor heat removal and a highly temperature-dependent threshold. We show microsecond-sustained lasing, achieved by placing ultra-compact colloidal quantum dot films on a thermally conductive substrate, the combination of which minimizes heat accumulation. Specifically, we employ inorganic-halide-capped quantum dots that exhibit high modal gain (1,200 cm−1) and an ultralow amplified spontaneous emission threshold (average peak power of ∼50 kW cm−2) and rely on an optical structure that dissipates heat while offering minimal modal loss.
Enhancement in hydrogen evolution using Au-TiO2 hollow spheres with microbial devices modified with conjugated oligoelectrolytes
Authors: Ngaw Chee Keong , Wang Victor Bochuan , Liu Zhengyi , Zhou Yi , Kjelleberg Staffan , Zhang Qichun , Tan Timothy Thatt Yang , Loo Say Chye Joachim 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjective:Although photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting heralds the emergence of the hydrogen economy, the need for external bias and low efficiency stymies the widespread application of this technology. By coupling water splitting (in a PEC cell) to a microbial fuel cell (MFC) usingEscherichia colias the biocatalyst, this work aims to successfully demonstrate a sustainable hybrid PEC–MFC platform functioning solely by biocatalysis and solar energy, at zero bias. Through further chemical modification of the photo-anode (in the PEC cell) and biofilm (in the MFC), the performance of the hybrid system is expected to improve in terms of the photocurrent generated and hydrogen evolved.Methods:The hybrid system constitutes the interconnected PEC cell with the MFC. Both PEC cell and MFC are typical two-chambered systems housing the anode and cathode. Au-TiO2hollow spheres and conjugated oligoelectrolytes were synthesised chemically and introduced to the PEC cell and MFC, respectively. Hydrogen evolution measurements were performed in triplicates.Results:The hybrid PEC–MFC platform generated a photocurrent density of 0.35 mA/cm2(~70× enhancement) as compared with the stand-alone P25 standard PEC cell (0.005 mA/cm2) under one-sun illumination (100 mW/cm2) at zero bias (0 V vs. Pt). This increase in photocurrent density was accompanied by continuous H2production. No H2was observed in the P25 standard PEC cell whereas H2evolution rate was ~3.4 μmol/h in the hybrid system. The remarkable performance is attributed to the chemical modification ofE. colithrough the incorporation of novel conjugated oligoelectrolytes in the MFC as well as the lower recombination rate and higher photoabsorption capabilities in the Au-TiO2hollow spheres electrode.Conclusions:The combined strategy of photo-anode modification in PEC cells and chemically modified MFCs shows great promise for future exploitation of such synergistic effects between MFCs and semiconductor-based PEC water splitting.
Diversity and distribution of fungal communities in the marine sediments of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (High Arctic)
Authors: Zhang Tao , Fei Wang Neng , Qin Zhang Yu , Yu Liu Hong , Yan Yu Li 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study assessed the diversity and distribution of fungal communities in eight marine sediments of Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, High Arctic) using 454 pyrosequencing with fungal-specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal rRNA gene. Sedimentary fungal communities showed high diversity with 42,219 reads belonging to 113 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Of these OTUs, 62 belonged to the Ascomycota, 26 to Basidiomycota, 2 to Chytridiomycota, 1 to Zygomycota, 1 to Glomeromycota and 21 to unknown fungi. The major known orders included Hypocreales and Saccharomycetales. The common fungal genera were Pichia, Fusarium, Alternaria, and Malassezia. Interestingly, most fungi occurring in these Arctic sediments may originate from the terrestrial habitats and different basins in Kongsfjorden (i.e., inner basin, central basin and outer basin) harbor different sedimentary fungal communities. These results suggest the existence of diverse fungal communities in the Arctic marine sediments, which may serve as a useful community model for further ecological and evolutionary study of fungi in the Arctic.