bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel compressed sensing ultra‐wideband channel estimation method based on non‐convex optimization
Authors: Wang Wei‐dong , Yang Jun‐an , Zhang Chun 
Published: October 2013

SummaryDue to the low power spectral density and complicated transfer propagation of ultra‐wideband (UWB) signal, it is important to estimate UWB channel accurately. But it is difficult to sample UWB signals directly due to their wider band width. However, compressed sensing (CS) theory provides a feasible way through lower sampling speed. Common CS‐UWB channel estimation methods adopt convex optimization, non‐sparse or non‐restricted form. In order to strengthen the restriction on sparsity of the reconstructed channel vector, a non‐convex optimization method is proposed in this paper to estimate UWB channel. Proposed method sets the objective function as a non‐convex optimization model using lp–norm. This model is combined as a convex function to approximate the objective function and reconstruct the UWB channel vector iteratively. Because lp–norm is closer to l0–norm than l1 and l2–norm, its restriction on sparsity of objective vector is stricter. The simulation results show that this method can enhance reconstruction performance compared with existing CS‐UWB channel estimation methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Common quantitative trait locus downstream of RETN gene identified by genome‐wide association study is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Han Chinese: a Mendelian randomization effect
Authors: Chung Chia‐Min , Lin Tsung‐Hsien , Chen Jaw‐Wen , Leu Hsin‐Bang , Yin Wei‐Hsian , Ho Hung‐Yun , Sheu Sheng‐Hsiung , Tsai Wei‐Chuan , Chen Jyh‐Hong , Lin Shing‐Jong , Pan Wen‐Harn 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivePlasma resistin level is a potential molecular link between obesity and diabetes. Causal role of resistin, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and genetic variants have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify quantitative trait loci associated with resistin levels and investigated whether these variants were prospectively associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and T2DM in an independent community‐based cohort, the CardioVascular Disease risk FACtors Two‐township Study (CVDFACTS).Research Design and MethodsWe genotyped 382 young‐onset hypertensive (YOH) subjects with Illumina HumanHap550 chips and searched for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of resistin in the 1st stage GWAS and confirmed the finding in another 559 YOH subjects. Logistic regression was used to examine the Mendelian randomization effects between genotypes of confirmed QTLs and metabolic outcomes in 3400 subjects of CVDFACTS.ResultsTwo single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (rs3745367 and rs1423096) were significantly associated with resistin levels (p = 5.52 × 10−15 and p = 2.54 × 10−20) and replicated in another 559 YOH subjects (p = 1.29 × 10−3 and p = 1.13 × 10−7), respectively. The SNP rs1423096 was further associated with the levels of HDL‐C (p = 0.006), the risk of MetS (OR = 2.21, p = 0.0034) and T2DM (OR = 1.62, p = 0.0063) in the CVDFACTS. People with the haplotypes A‐G and G‐G determined by rs3745367 and rs1423096 showed a significantly increased T2DM risk (p = 0.0068 and p = 0.0035, respectively) compared with those with A‐A haplotype.ConclusionWe have found that rs3745367 and rs1423096 on the RETN gene were significantly associated with resistin levels. However, rs1423096, downstream of RETN, seems to be associated with MetS and T2DM risk more so than rs3745367. The established genotype–disease association points to a causal association of resistin and T2DM. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p35 promotes the differentiation of amacrine cell subtype in the zebrafish retina under the regulation of egr1
Authors: Zhang Liyun , Bonilla Sylvia , Zhang Yuqing , Leung Yuk Fai 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBackground: Early growth response 1 (egr1) is a transcription factor (TF) for controlling the differentiation of Parvalbumin (Parv) ‐expressing amacrine cells (ACs) in zebrafish. However, the downstream factors of this process have not been identified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of p35, a neuronal‐specific activator of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and a known in vitro target of egr1, in the differentiation of these ACs. Results: In the p35‐knockdown retinas, Parv+ but not islet1+ ACs were specifically reduced. This phenotype was highly similar to that in the Egr1‐knockdown retinas. Furthermore, p35 expression was reduced in the Egr1‐knockdown retinas, particularly in the AC region; while egr1 was only modestly reduced in this region in the p35‐knockdown retinas. Conclusions: p35 likely acts downstream of egr1 to control the differentiation of Parv+ ACs. Developmental Dynamics 243:315–323, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The meaning of (quality of) life in patients with eating disorders: A comparison of generic and disease‐specific measures across diagnosis and outcome
Authors: Ackard Diann M. , Richter Sara , Egan Amber , Engel Scott , Cronemeyer Catherine L. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveCompare general and disease‐specific health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) among female patients with an eating disorder (ED).MethodFemale patients (n = 221; 95.3% Caucasian; 94.0% never married) completed the Medical Outcome Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) and Eating Disorders Quality of Life (EDQoL) as part of a study of treatment outcomes. Multivariate regression models were used to compare HRQoL differences across initial ED diagnosis (85 AN‐R, 19 AN‐B/P, 27 BN, 90 EDNOS) and ED diagnostic classification at time of outcome assessment (140 no ED, 38 subthreshold ED, 43 full threshold ED).ResultsThere were no significant differences across ED diagnosis at initial assessment on either of the SF‐36 Component Summary scores. However, patients with AN‐B/P scored poorer on the work/school EDQoL subscales than other ED diagnoses, and on the psychological EDQoL subscale compared to AN‐R and EDNOS. At outcome assessment, comparisons across full threshold, subthreshold and no ED classification indicated that those with no ED reported better HRQoL than those with full threshold ED on the SF‐36 Mental Components Summary and three of four EDQoL subscales. Furthermore, those with no ED reported better psychological HRQoL than those with subthreshold ED.DiscussionDisease‐specific HRQOL measures are important to use when comparing HRQoL in ED patients across treatment and outcome, and may have the sensitivity to detect meaningful differences by diagnosis more so than generic instruments. EDQoL scores from patients remitted from symptoms approach but do not reach scores for unaffected college females; thus, treatment should continue until quality of life is restored. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:259–267)
Parasite predators exhibit a rapid numerical response to increased parasite abundance and reduce transmission to hosts
Authors: Hopkins Skylar R. , Wyderko Jennie A. , Sheehy Robert R. , Belden Lisa K. , Wojdak Jeremy M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPredators of parasites have recently gained attention as important parts of food webs and ecosystems. In aquatic systems, many taxa consume free‐living stages of parasites, and can thus reduce parasite transmission to hosts. However, the importance of the functional and numerical responses of parasite predators to disease dynamics is not well understood. We collected host–parasite–predator cooccurrence data from the field, and then experimentally manipulated predator abundance, parasite abundance, and the presence of alternative prey to determine the consequences for parasite transmission. The parasite predator of interest was a ubiquitous symbiotic oligochaete of mollusks, Chaetogaster limnaei limnaei, which inhabits host shells and consumes larval trematode parasites. Predators exhibited a rapid numerical response, where predator populations increased or decreased by as much as 60% in just 5 days, depending on the parasite:predator ratio. Furthermore, snail infection decreased substantially with increasing parasite predator densities, where the highest predator densities reduced infection by up to 89%. Predators of parasites can play an important role in regulating parasite transmission, even when infection risk is high, and especially when predators can rapidly respond numerically to resource pulses. We suggest that these types of interactions might have cascading effects on entire disease systems, and emphasize the importance of considering disease dynamics at the community level.
Patterns and dynamics of rapid local adaptation and sex in varying habitat types in rotifers
Authors: Scheuerl Thomas , Stelzer Claus‐Peter 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLocal adaptation is an important principle in a world of environmental change and might be critical for species persistence. We tested the hypothesis that replicated populations can attain rapid local adaptation under two varying laboratory environments. Clonal subpopulations of the cyclically parthenogenetic rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus were allowed to adapt to two varying harsh and a benign environment: a high‐salt, a food‐limited environment and untreated culture medium (no salt addition, high food). In contrast to most previous studies, we re‐adjusted rotifer density to a fixed value (two individuals per ml) every 3–4 days of unrestricted population growth, instead of exchanging a fixed proportion of the culture medium. Thus our dilution regime specifically selected for high population growth during the entire experiment and it allowed us to continuously track changes in fitness (i.e., maximum population growth under the prevailing conditions) in each population. After 56 days (43 asexual and eight sexual generations) of selection, the populations in the harsh environments showed a significant increase in fitness over time relative to the beginning compared to the population in untreated culture medium. Furthermore, the high‐salt population exhibited a significantly elevated ratio of sexual offspring from the start of the experiment, which suggested that this environment either triggered higher rates of sex or that the untreated medium and the food‐limited environment suppressed sex. In a following assay of local adaptation we measured population fitness under “local” versus “foreign” conditions (populations adapted to this environment compared to those of the other environment) for both harsh habitats. We found significantly higher fitness values for the local populations (on average, a 38% higher fitness) compared to the foreign populations. Overall, local adaptation was formed rapidly and it seemed to be more pronounced in the high‐salt treatment.
Stable [M2F11]– (M = Nb, Ta) Salts of Protonated 1,3‐Dimethoxybenzene
Authors: Marchetti Fabio , Pampaloni Guido , Pinzino Calogero , Zacchini Stefano 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe 3:1 molar reactions of MF5 (M = Nb, 1a; M = Ta, 1b) with 1,3‐dimethoxybenzene in CHCl3 led to the formation of the arenium salts [2,4‐(OMe)2C6H5][M2F11] (M = Nb, 3a; M = Ta, 3b) in good yields. The reactions took place with the intermediate formation of (MF5)2[κ2‐1,3‐(OMe)2C6H4] (M = Nb, 2a; M = Ta, 2b), followed by single‐electron oxidation of the arene and production of MF4 (identified by means of EPR spectroscopy as the acetonitrile adduct). Compounds 3a and b were fully characterised both in solution (NMR) and in the solid‐state (X‐ray, IR and elemental analysis), while 2a and b were identified by NMR spectroscopy in CD2Cl2 solution. The reactions of 1,3‐dimethoxybenzene with Ag[NbF6] or Ag[Sb2F11] in CD2Cl2/CHCl3 afforded [2,4‐(OMe)2C6H5]+. It was found that 1,3‐dimethoxybenzene was inert towards the addition of aqueous H[SbF6] under comparable experimental conditions.
Synthesis of Rhodium(I) Boryl Complexes: Catalytic N–H Activation of Anilines and Ammonia
Authors: Teltewskoi Michael , Kalläne Sabrina I. , Braun Thomas , Herrmann Roy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe treatment of the rhodium methyl complex [Rh(Me)(PEt3)3] (1) with diboranes B2[(OR)2]2 gave the 16‐valence‐electron rhodium(I) boryl complexes [Rh{B(OR)2}(PEt3)3] [2: (OR)2 = pin = pinacolato, O2C2Me4; 3: (OR)2 = cat = catecholato, O2C6H4; 4: (OR)2 = O2C5H10]. The reactions of 2 and 4 with anilines yielded the amidoboranes HN[B(OR)2](R′) [6: B(OR)2 = Bpin, R′ = C6F5; 7: B(OR)2 = Bpin, R′ = Ph; 8: B(OR)2 = BO2C5H10, R′ = Ph] and the rhodium hydrido complex [Rh(H)(PEt3)3] (5) by N–H activation. The addition of ammonia to 2 resulted in the generation of the amine HN(Bpin)2 (9) as well as 5. The amidoboranes 6, 7, and 9 can also be synthesized catalytically with turnover numbers of 10 for 9 and 8 for 6 and 7.
Simultaneous Synthesis of Polyoxometalates and Metal Nanoparticles from Molecular Precursors – Redox‐Active Microreactors and Functional Nanomaterials
Authors: Mitchell Scott G. , de la Fuente Jesús M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis communication describes a straightforward and tuneable one‐pot aqueous synthetic route towards an array of nanomaterials spanning gold nanoparticles, hollow tungsten oxide structures and single‐crystalline polyoxometalates (POMs). Furthermore, the POMs synthesized by this method are capable of producing a second collection of colloidal gold nanoparticles under mild synthetic conditions without toxic reducing agents and other pretreatments.
FeCl3‐Catalyzed Self‐Condensation of Enamides for the Synthesis of Enamido‐Substituted Nitrogen‐Containing Quaternary Carbon Centers
Authors: Zhao Mi‐Na , Du Wei , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Wang Yao‐Yu , Guan Zheng‐Hui 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe FeCl3‐catalyzed self‐condensation of enamides offers a new strategy for the synthesis of enamido‐substituted nitrogen‐containing quaternary carbon centers, which are attractive structures in organic chemistry. The reaction affords nitrogen‐containing quaternary carbon centers in good yields under mild reaction conditions. The catalytic system was also employed in the condensation of enamides with indoles for the synthesis of bis‐indoles.
Reissert‐Type Acylation with Acylzirconocene Chloride Complexes
Authors: Saito Akio , Sakurai Hikaru , Sudo Kohei , Murai Kosuke , Hanzawa Yuji 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the presence of ClCO2Et, the use of CuI in MeNO2 efficiently catalyzed the Reissert‐type acylation of isoquinoline derivatives with acylzirconocene chlorides. In the reaction of quinolines with acylzirconocene chlorides, the choice of catalyst and solvent was crucial to the regioselective formation of adducts. The cationic RhI‐catalyzed reaction in MeNO2 preferentially afforded 1,2 adducts. On the other hand, the CuI‐catalyzed reaction in CH2Cl2 preferentially afforded 1,4 adducts.
Regioselective Diels–Alder Reactions Directed by Carbonyl Groups on the Rim of Open‐Cage Fullerene Derivatives
Authors: Xu Liang , Zhang Qianyan , Zhang Gang , Liang Sisi , Yu Yuming , Gan Liangbing 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA C60 fullerene open‐cage derivative with an 18‐membered orifice reacts with electron‐rich dienes on the rim of the orifice selectively. Both the mono and the bis adduct have been obtained in good yields by controlling the ratio of the reactants and the reaction time. Single‐crystal structures show a head‐to‐tail and back‐to‐back dimer for the mono adduct of 1,4‐diphenylbutadine and a head‐to‐tail polymeric chain for the bis adduct of 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene.
Use of Cationic Surfactants Film Carbon Paste Electrodes Modified with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Electrochemical Analysis of dsDNA
Authors: Serpi C. , Voulgaropoulos A. , Girousi S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDirect electrochemistry of dsDNA based on the enhancement effect of cationic surfactants such as dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) was achieved by using a carbon paste electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs/CPE) as the basal electrode. The results indicated that the dsDNA molecules have been adsorbed quite strongly on the cationic surfactants’ film and very well developed peaks which were attributed to the oxidation of guanine residues on the dsDNA molecule structure were obtained from both electrodes. The electrochemical behavior of dsDNA at the surface of the modified electrodes was also evaluated. Based on the signal of guanine, under the optimal conditions, very low levels of dsDNA were detected following short accumulation times with detection limits of 0.650 mg L−1 and 0.119 mg L−1 for DTAB/MWCNTs/CPE and TTAB/MWCNTs/CPE, respectively.
Ion‐Transfer Voltammetry at Carbon Nanofibre Membranes Produced by 500 °C Graphitisation/Graphenisation of Electrospun Poly‐Acrylonitrile
Authors: Ahn Sunyhik D. , Mao Boyang , Pascu Sofia I. , Vuorema Anne , Mitchels John M. , Marken Frank 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLow temperature carbonisation (500 °C) of poly‐acrylonitrile nanofibres (typically 100 nm diameter) electrospun into a nanoweb‐like deposit on tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates (or as free‐standing membrane over glass capillaries) yields active carbon film electrodes but with only relatively low electrochemical activity. Without resorting to higher carbonisation temperatures, substantial improvements in both electrical conductivity and electron transfer reactivity are observed after “surface‐graphenisation”, that is coating with graphene‐oxide prior to vacuum carbonisation. Improvements in voltammetric characteristics are demonstrated for both membranes mounted on ITO substrates and free‐standing membranes suspended over the end of a borosilicate glass capillaries for (i) the aqueous phase hydroquinone/benzoquinone redox system and (ii) the biphasic oil|aqueous ion transfer redox system tetraphenylporphyrinato‐Mn(III/II) in 4‐phenyl‐(3‐propyl)‐pyridine).
Study of demagnetization risk for a 12 kW direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind power
Authors: Sjökvist Stefan , Eriksson Sandra 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOne of the main aspects when designing a permanent magnet (PM) generator is to choose suitable PMs, both in terms of achieving the required flux in the generator but also of withstanding high demagnetizing fields, that is, having sufficiently high coercivity. If the coercivity is too low, the magnets are at risk of demagnetizing, fully or partially, at the event of a short circuit and/or an increase in temperature. This study aims to determine the risk of demagnetization for a 12 kW direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generator. Furthermore, as the prices on PMs have increased drastically the last few years the possibility to use smaller and/or cheaper PMs of different grades has been investigated. A new proprietary finite element method (FEM) model has been developed, which is also presented. The study is based on simulations from this FEM model and is focused on NdFeB magnets. Results show that the reference magnet can withstand a two‐phase short circuit at both the temperatures tested and in both geometries. The use of cheaper magnets, smaller air gap and in the event of a two‐phase short circuit often results in partial irreversible demagnetization. However, magnets with lower coercivity are easier demagnetized.
MetroNet: a disruption‐tolerant approach for mobile downloads on metro systems
Authors: Tung Li‐Ping , Chen Yi‐Chao , Lan Kun‐chan , Chen Ling‐Jyh 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, we propose a disruption‐tolerant network based system called MetroNet, which exploits the precise schedules of metro systems to pre‐fetch data and facilitate mobile Internet downloads, even if an end‐to‐end path between the source (i.e. content sources) and the destination (i.e. users) does not exist contemporaneously. Using a comprehensive set of simulations, as well as real‐world scenarios of the Taipei and Atlanta metro systems, we demonstrate that MetroNet can handle the intermittent Internet connectivity caused by mobility and therefore provide a better mobile download service. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed call admission control algorithm utilises the network resource effectively and provides better quality of service for mobile users than the first‐come‐first‐serve and least‐first algorithms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evacuation characteristics of visually impaired people – a qualitative and quantitative study
Authors: Sørensen Janne Gress , Dederichs Anne Simone 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEvacuation characteristics for the blind and visually impaired people are presented in the current study. Forty participants in the age from 10 to 69 years with impairments for all of the four Danish categories (A–D) took part in the study. The mean free walking speed descending stairs for categories C and D were found to be comparable with values found in Danish and Swedish guidelines. The walking speed of people with visual impairments was not affected by an increasing density on the stairs to the same extent as the walking speed of able‐bodied adults. It was found that people with visual impairments were able to uphold a higher walking speed descending stairs than able‐bodied adults for increasing person density. The initial walking speed on horizontal planes is lower than the value suggested in literature. The horizontal mean free walking speed depends on the degree of vision loss. The design of the building environment is important for the ability to orientate for people with reduced sight. Walls and handrails are important for the self‐orientation possibilities for people with visual impairments. The findings in the current study are indicative trends for evacuation characteristics of the blind and visually impaired people. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competing food concepts – Implications for Hawai'i, USA
Authors: Loke Matthew K. , Leung PingSun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAs public interest in food security continues in Hawai‘i and elsewhere in the United States of America, so does the deluge of competing food concepts. Many issues in these overlapping concepts remain hazy, with various proponents advocating for different objectives. While food self‐sufficiency is less desirable from an efficiency or trade standpoint, this does not preclude its usefulness for noneconomic policy objectives. In Hawai‘i, free trade has opened a pathway for invasive species that is destructive to local agriculture, native species, and the host ecosystem. Due to Hawai‘i geographic isolation and cultural diversity, many residents will support food concepts which promote the theme, “local production for local consumption, under local control,” despite apparent advantages in food security which impacts more people in more places than other competing food concepts.
Tungsten Diffusion Modified AISI 304 Stainless Steel for PEMFC Bipolar Plate
Authors: Wang L. X. , Sun J. C. , Li S. , Ji S. J. , Wen Z. S. , Jing B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPlasma surface diffusion alloying method has been applied to prepare a tungsten diffusion modified layer on the surface of AISI 304 stainless steel (W‐304 SS). A series of material evaluation experiments were performed on the W‐304 SS specimens to determine whether it is suitable to be used as PEMFC bipolar plate. Results show that the tungsten modified layer (about 2.5 μm in thickness) is mainly composed of tungsten elements. Potentiodynamic and potentiostatic as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in simulated PEMFC operating conditions of 2 ppm F– and 0.05 M H2SO4 solution at 70 °C bubbling with either air or pure H2, suggest that the corrosion resistance and the passivated behavior of the W‐304 SS are improved. Meanwhile, the interfacial contact resistance (ICR) for the as‐received W‐304 SS reduces considerably, which yields better results than those found in untreated specimens.