bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring family caregiver burdens and coping mechanisms for patients with comorbid neglected tropical diseases and mental illness in Southern Ethiopia: insights from qualitative findings
Authors: Sidamo Negussie Boti , Hebo Sultan Hussen , Kassahun Alemayehu Bekele , Endris Bilcha Oumer 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionMillions globally suffer from neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and mental health conditions concurrently. Those with NTDs face heightened risks of mental health issues, and those with mental health conditions are more vulnerable to NTDs. Family caregivers of patients with both conditions often face significant burdens but are frequently overlooked as "hidden patients." Research on this issue is limited in Ethiopia.ObjectiveThis study explores the burdens and coping mechanisms of family caregivers for patients with comorbid NTDs and mental illness in Southern Ethiopia.MethodsThis qualitative phenomenological study engaged seventeen family caregivers of individuals with comorbid NTDs and mental illness. Participants were purposively selected to ensure the inclusion of individuals with rich, relevant experiences capable of providing profound insights into the phenomenon under study. To capture the in-depth experiences and perspectives of caregivers, semi-structured interviews were conducted in participants' homes or compound rooms, ensuring privacy and the prior acquisition of informed consent for audio-recording. The interviews were designed to provide a comfortable, natural setting conducive to open discussion. Transcripts were initially transcribed in Amharic and then translated into English, with each translation cross-verified against the original audio recordings to ensure accuracy. Data analysis followed an inductive thematic approach, allowing for themes and sub-themes to emerge organically from the data through multiple coding and validation cycles.ResultsCaregivers faced significant burdens in four main areas: physical, social, psychological, and economic. Physically, they undertook demanding tasks like bathing and feeding, leading to strain and health issues. Socially, they experienced isolation and stigma, impacting family contact and community participation. Psychologically, caregivers reported high stress, anxiety, and depression, compounded by managing both chronic conditions and societal stigma. Economically, they endured financial strain, including job loss or reduced working hours. Coping mechanisms included strong social support from family, friends, and community organizations, problem-solving techniques, self-care practices, and seeking emotional support.ConclusionCaregivers of patients with comorbid NTDs and mental illness in Southern Ethiopia experience substantial burdens across multiple dimensions. Effective coping mechanisms and robust social support are vital for alleviating these challenges and improving caregivers' well-being.
Clinical implications of real-time optic nerve sheath diameter assessment via critical care ultrasound in intracranial hypertension
Authors: Zhang Nan , Liang Meng , Shao Tenghao , Li Ning , Wang Kuo , Sun Shuo , Sun Tao 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the clinical value of dynamic monitoring of optic nerve sheath diameter using critical care ultrasound in the management of patients with intracranial hypertension.MethodsA total of 130 patients with craniocerebral injuries, treated at the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2021 to November 2022, were selected and randomly assigned to either the control group (65 patients) or the observation group (65 patients). Patients in both groups were monitored based on clinical symptoms, cranial CT findings, and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). The control group received standard osmotic therapy to manage intracranial pressure (ICP), while the observation group was guided accordingly. Comparative analyses were conducted on Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, duration of ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation time between the two groups.ResultsOn the 28th day, the APACHE II scores of patients with craniocerebral injuries in both groups were significantly lower compared to admission scores, while GCS scores were higher (P &lt; 0.05). Compared to conventional management, the observation group showed a 15% reduction in APACHE II scores, a 20% decrease in ICU stay duration, and a 25% reduction in mechanical ventilation time by day 28 post-admission. The observation group also showed a higher proportion of patients with favorable prognoses and a significant reduction in severe disability and vegetative survival rates (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionDynamic monitoring of ONSD using bedside critical care ultrasound has proven effective in guiding osmotic therapy for patients with intracranial hypertension. This approach significantly reduces ICP, offers a reliable basis to opt for subsequent treatments, and effectively lowers the rate of disability while improving patient prognosis.
Analysis of the burden of intracerebral hemorrhage in the Asian population aged 45 and older and ARIMA model prediction trends: a systematic study based on the GBD 2021
Authors: Xu Minghong , Tang Chao , Shen Yongkai , Zhang Yinan , Bao Long 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a severe subtype of hemorrhagic stroke, is associated with significant disability and high mortality rates. Due to population aging and the prevalence of hypertension in the Asian region, intracerebral hemorrhage has become one of the major causes of high disability and mortality. This study analyzes the epidemiological patterns of ICH across Asia from 1990 to 2021 and projects potential trends for the period 2022 to 2041.MethodsThis study extracted four key indicators related to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) from The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database for the years 1990 to 2021: prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The age-period-cohort model was employed to assess the impact of age, time periods, and birth cohorts on ICH trends. Additionally, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was utilized to conduct long-term trend analysis and forecast the changing trends of various indicators from 2022 to 2041.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rate (ASDR) of ICH in Asia exhibited an overall declining trend, the ASIR declined from 82.35 per 100,000 (95% UI: 70.73–93.35) to 52.35 per 100,000 (95% UI: 45.98–58.46). Similarly, the ASMR dropped from 92.02 per 100,000 (95% UI: 83.06–101.24) to 53.26 per 100,000 (95% UI: 47.61–58.96), while the ASDR fell from 2,094.51 per 100,000 (95% UI: 1,916.68–2,293.61) to 1,194.11 per 100,000 (95% UI: 1,072.05–1,306.04). The age effect demonstrated that the relative risk (RR) of ICH increases with age, peaking in the 90–94 age group. The period effect indicated that the risk did not increase over time, while the cohort effect suggested a declining trend in later-born cohorts. The ARIMA model’s predictions indicate that over the next 20 years, the age-standardized rates in Asia, except for prevalence, will generally show a declining trend.ConclusionThe disease burden of ICH in Asia varies by gender and age group. According to ARIMA model predictions, while the overall burden of ICH is expected to decline over the next 20 years, the age-standardized prevalence rate is projected to increase due to population aging. Given the high mortality and disability rates associated with ICH, its disease burden remains significant and requires focused attention. Strengthening screening and hypertension management in high-risk elderly populations, along with community health education and early intervention, is recommended to reduce the risk of ICH.
Application of artificial intelligence in Alzheimer’s disease: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Song Sijia , Li Tong , Lin Wei , Liu Ran , Zhang Yujie 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundUnderstanding how artificial intelligence (AI) is employed to predict, diagnose, and perform relevant analyses in Alzheimer’s disease research is a rapidly evolving field. This study integrated and analyzed the relevant literature from the Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) on the application of AI in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), covering publications from 2004 to 2023.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the key research hotspots and trends of the application of AI in AD over the past 20 years through a bibliometric analysis.MethodsUsing the Web of Science Core Collection database, we conducted a comprehensive visual analysis of literature on AI and AD published between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2023. The study utilized Excel, Scimago Graphica, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software to visualize trends in annual publications and the distribution of research by countries, institutions, journals, references, authors, and keywords related to this topic.ResultsA total of 2,316 papers were obtained through the research process, with a significant increase in publications observed since 2018, signaling notable growth in this field. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom made notable contributions to this research area. The University of London led in institutional productivity with 80 publications, followed by the University of California System with 74 publications. Regarding total publications, the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease was the most prolific while Neuroimage ranked as the most cited journal. Shen Dinggang was the top author in both total publications and average citations. Analysis of reference and keyword highlighted research hotspots, including the identification of various stages of AD, early diagnostic screening, risk prediction, and prediction of disease progression. The “task analysis” keyword emerged as a research frontier from 2021 to 2023.ConclusionResearch on AI applications in AD holds significant potential for practical advancements, attracting increasing attention from scholars. Deep learning (DL) techniques have emerged as a key research focus for AD diagnosis. Future research will explore AI methods, particularly task analysis, emphasizing integrating multimodal data and utilizing deep neural networks. These approaches aim to identify emerging risk factors, such as environmental influences on AD onset, predict disease progression with high accuracy, and support the development of prevention strategies. Ultimately, AI-driven innovations will transform AD management from a progressive, incurable state to a more manageable and potentially reversible condition, thereby improving healthcare, rehabilitation, and long-term care solutions.
Evaluation of long-term outcomes with intrathecal opioid treatment: a comparison utilizing data derived from pain clinic populations in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Comber Elouise Rose , Strong Jenny , Moore Orla , Khan Asaduzzaman , O’Callaghan James , Manion Benjamin , Moore Brendan Joseph , Smith Maree Therese 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAn obstacle to analysis of the long-term effectiveness of intrathecal (IT) opioids is absence of historical patient baseline data. The electronic Persistent Pain Outcomes Collaboration (ePPOC) is an initiative of the Faculty of Pain Medicine of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists. Recently published ePPOC data has provided justifiable surrogate baseline data allowing opportunities for pain outcomes research into select patient treatment groups. Our aim was to compare long-term outcomes of IT opioid therapy with a surrogate baseline utilizing a large ePPOC data set for patients at the time of initial presentation to 36 pain clinics in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsStudy participants were 49 consenting patients receiving IT opioids as part of a long-term pain management regime for treating chronic non-cancer pain. Their data were compared with the large ePPOC data set (n = 13,343). The questionnaires comprised a demographic questionnaire, the Brief Pain Inventory, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Pain Catastrophizing Questionnaire, and the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.ResultsCompared with the ePOCC group, participants who received IT opioids long-term for the relief of chronic non-cancer pain reported significantly lower (p ≤ 0.001) pain severity (4.3 vs. 6.4), and pain interference scores (5.5 vs. 7), significantly lower depression (20.2 vs. 13.7), anxiety (9.6 vs. 14.1), stress (15.5 vs. 21), rumination (6.9 vs. 10), magnification (3.8 vs. 5.9), helplessness (9.7 vs. 14.1), general catastrophizing (20.4 vs. 29.8), and higher self-efficacy (29.5 vs. 20.7).DiscussionThe observed improvements in all measured pain variables have occurred in the context of comprehensive pain management, and therefore, may be attributable to pain reduction and not directly to IT opioid use or the device itself. Favourable pain management outcomes, in a select patient treatment group utilizing long-term IT opioid therapy, were demonstrated using the large-data ePPOC initiative, highlighting the research opportunities it provides.
Association of preoperative cerebral oxygenation with concurrent neurobehavioral scores in term neonates with congenital heart disease compared to healthy controls
Authors: Tran Nhu N. , Miner Anna , Adeleke Eniola , Phan Rene , Brady Ken M. , Brecht Mary-Lynn , Friedlich Philippe , Zhou Geena , Rajagopalan Vidya , Peterson Bradley S. , Votava-Smith Jodie K. 
Published: February 2025

Objective1st: To determine the association of cerebral oxygenation (rcSO2) and concurrent neurodevelopmental outcomes between neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) and healthy controls. 2nd: To examine the association of cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) with concurrent neurodevelopmental outcomes in the two groups. 3rd: To evaluate how type and severity of CHD influenced the associations in our primary and secondary objectives.Study designOur secondary analysis included 137 neonates (74 with CHD and 63 healthy controls). We used linear regression models to examine the association of the predictors (i.e., cerebral oxygenation, FTOE, type and severity of CHD) with the percentage of abnormal neurobehavioral scores (outcome). The models included the main effects of group, rcSO2, and a rcSO2-by-group interaction (examined differences between groups) with covariates of postconceptional age at exam, sex, ethnicity, and preductal peripheral oxygen saturation on the percentage of abnormal neurobehavioral scores. We also performed separate regression models separately in each group. We used these models for the 2nd and 3rd objectives, replacing rcSO2 with FTOE and type and severity of CHD as predictors.ResultsNeonates with CHD had lower rcSO2 values (67% vs. 79%; p &lt; 0.001) and higher FTOE values (0.27 vs. 0.19; p &lt; 0.001) compared to healthy controls. The association of rcSO2 with the neurobehavioral scores significantly differed between groups (p = 0.004). In the CHD group, increased rcSO2 showed a trend toward better neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, increased rcSO2 associated significantly with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in the healthy group. Additionally, FTOE significantly differed between groups (p = 0.012). The CHD group showed a trend towards increased FTOE and poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. Conversely, increased FTOE associated significantly with better neurodevelopmental outcomes in the healthy group.ConclusionsThe CHD and healthy neonates had significantly different associations of both rcSO2 and FTOE with the neurobehavioral scores. Our findings suggest that both increased and decreased rcSO2 and FTOE may negatively affect concurrent neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates. Our findings also imply a critical range of rcSO2 values, where extreme oxygenation on either side may be harmful. Neonates with CHD and healthy controls may exhibit different neurodevelopmental responses to increased rcSO2 and FTOE due to differing metabolic demands.
Current usage of inclisiran for cardiovascular diseases: overview of current clinical trials
Authors: Harbi Maan H. 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases are predominant health conditions across the world due to their rising prevalence and association with several disorders. Inclisiran, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy, lowers low density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C) by targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Its exact role in cardiovascular diseases is not fully understood.AimThis review examines current usage of Inclisran for cardiovascular diseases.MethodA detailed search of Clinicaltrials.gov was conducted to identify relevant studies that investigated heart diseases using Inclisran. Data on study design, sample size, intervention details, and outcomes related to Inclisran were extracted and analyzed.ResultsAs of 30 December 2024, there were 92 clinical trials on involving inclisiran found at clinicaltrials.gov. The investigation focused on studies that used inclisiran for cardiovascular diseases and found that limited clinical trials were identified with limited interventional measures. The final number of analyzed trials was 11. The follow-up duration ranged from 270 to 1,695 days with a total of 214,176 participants with a favorable safety profile and twice-yearly dosing after initial loading dose. The collective findings from these trials demonstrated effective LDL-C and PCSK9 lowering compared to baseline measurements. Most studies focused on LDL-C lowering rather than measuring cardiovascular outcomes.ConclusionAlthough the studies showed inclisiran to lower LDL-C effectively, the evidence is still limited with regards to cardiovascular outcomes data. There is a need for real world studies addressing long-term safety, adherence and cost-effectiveness and therapeutic outcomes of combination therapy.
Model-guided development of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic cut-offs and evaluation of sitafloxacin dosing regimens against target pathogens
Authors: Wu Hailan , Li Yi , Li Xin , Fan Yaxin , Guo Beining , Liu Xiaofen , Li Wanzhen , Chen Mengting , Chen Yan , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe establishment of clinical breakpoints for antimicrobial drug is crucial for guiding appropriate therapeutic interventions. This study aims to identify the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) cut-offs for using sitafloxacin against target pathogens to support clinical breakpoint establishment for antimicrobial drug sensitivity testing.MethodsA population PK (PopPK) model was built (342 subjects) to calculate the dosing-regimen-dependent (50 mg q12 h, 100 mg q24 h and 100 mg q12 h) PK parameters of sitafloxacin-infected patients, which were combined with in vitro PD data and PK/PD target data. The probabilities of attainment (PTAs) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) values for different sitafloxacin dosing regimens against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were calculated via Monte Carlo simulation.ResultsPopPK modelling revealed that the PK profile of sitafloxacin was consistent with a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Creatinine clearance affected total clearance, bodyweight and age affected the central ventricular apparent volume of distribution, and food affected the sitafloxacin absorption rate. On the basis of the animal infection model target (fAUC24h/MIC = 11.56), the anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae sitafloxacin dosing regimen PTAs were &gt;95% (MIC ≤ 0.06, ≤0.06, ≤0.125 mg/L; CFRs = 98.2∼99.3%). With a clinical study target of fAUC24h/MIC ≥ 30, the anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae dosing regimen PTAs were &gt;95% (MIC ≤ 0.03, ≤0.03, ≤0.06 mg/L; CFRs = 89.2∼97.3%). For the other four strains, the dosing-regimen-dependent sitafloxacin PK/PD cut-offs were 0.06, 0.06 and 0.125 mg/L, respectively (CFRs = 56.3∼76.9%).DiscussionOur findings suggest that sitafloxacin PK/PD cut-offs of S ≤ 0.06 mg/L and R &gt; 0.125 mg/L should be used against these five strains and that the sitafloxacin dosing regimens (50 mg q12 h, 100 mg q24 h and 100 mg q12 h) have the expected efficacy against Streptococcus pneumoniae-related infections, but the efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa-associated infections needs to be verified in clinical practice.
Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the molecular mechanism of flower color differentiation in Orychophragmus violaceus
Authors: Shi Yubin , Wang Zixuan , Yan Zhuangzhuang , Liu Jianfeng , Zhang Jun , Liu Guixia 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionOrychophragmus violaceus is a popular horticultural plant because of its bright purple flowers that are commonly found in parks and green belts. However, three flower colors (purple, light purple, and white) were observed in the wild-type O. violaceus. The molecular mechanism underlying the formation of these intriguing flower colors remains unknown.MethodsHere, we combined metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify a pathway cascade leading to anthocyanin biosynthesis associated with flower color formation in O. violaceus.Results and discussionA total of 152 flavonoid metabolites were identified based on metabolomic data, most of which were quercetin and kaempferol. Comparative analysis of the metabolites among the three flower samples revealed that two anthocyanins, peonidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin 3-(6’’-malonyl-glucoside), are the pigments most likely responsible for the coloration of the petals of O. violaceus. Subsequent transcriptomic analysis revealed 5,918 differentially expressed genes among the three groups of flowers, 87 of which encoded 13 key enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Moreover, the high expression of two transcription factors, OvMYB and OvbHLH, in purple flowers suggests their role in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. By integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic data, OvANS, which encodes anthocyanidin synthase, was significantly upregulated in purple flowers. OvANS is the enzyme responsible for the transformation of colorless leucoanthocyanidins to colored anthocyanidins. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of flower color development in O. violaceus, laying the foundation for flower color breeding.