bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Velocity–Azimuth Display Analysis of Doppler Velocity for HIWRAP
Authors: Tian Lin , Heymsfield Gerald M. , Didlake Anthony C. , Guimond Stephen , Li Lihua 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe velocity–azimuth display (VAD) analysis technique established for ground-based scanning radar is applied to the NASA High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP). The VAD technique provides a mean vertical profile of the horizontal winds for each complete conical scan of the HIWRAP radar. One advantage of this technique is that it has shown great value for data assimilation and for operational forecasts. Another advantage is that it is computationally inexpensive, which makes it suitable for real-time retrievals. The VAD analysis has been applied to the HIWRAP data collected during NASA’s Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) mission. The traditional dual-Doppler analysis for deriving wind fields in the nadir plane is also presented and is compared with the VAD analysis. The results show that the along-track winds from the VAD technique and dual-Doppler analysis agree in general. The VAD horizontal winds capture the mean vortex structure of two tropical cyclones, and they are in general agreement with winds from nearby dropsondes. Several assumptions are made for the VAD technique. These assumptions include a stationary platform for each HIWRAP scan and constant vertical velocity of the hydrometeors along each complete scan. As a result, the VAD technique can produce appreciable errors in regions of deep convection such as the eyewall, whereas in stratiform regions the retrieval errors are minimal. Despite these errors, the VAD technique can still adequately capture the larger-scale structure of the hurricane vortex given a sufficient number of flight passes over the storm.
Tourette syndrome, co-morbidities and quality of life
Authors: Eapen Valsamma , Snedden Corina , Črnčec Rudi , Pick Anna , Sachdev Perminder 
Published: July 2015

Objective: Tourette syndrome is often associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and other co-morbidities, the presence of which can reduce health-related quality of life. The relationship between the number and type of co-morbidities and tic severity upon health-related quality of life has been insufficiently examined in Tourette syndrome populations and not at all in the Australian context. We hypothesised that an increased number of co-morbid diagnoses would be inversely related to health-related quality of life and that the presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder in particular would negatively impact health-related quality of life. Method: In all, 83 people with a previously established diagnosis of Tourette syndrome, who responded to a letter of invitation sent to the Tourette Syndrome Association of Australia past-member database, formed the study sample. Participants completed the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale and a short form of the National Hospital Interview Schedule to assess tics and related behaviours. Results: Participants with pure-Tourette syndrome had significantly better health-related quality of life than those with Tourette syndrome and three or more co-morbid diagnoses. Few differences were observed between the pure-Tourette syndrome and Tourette syndrome and one or two co-morbid diagnoses groups. Analysis of the impact of individual co-morbid disorders and Tourette syndrome symptoms on health-related quality of life indicated that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder exerted a significant negative effect, as did the presence of complex tics, especially coprolalia and copropraxia. When these variables were examined in multiple regression analysis, number of co-morbidities and the presence of coprophenomena emerged as significant predictors of health-related quality of life. Conclusion: While tics are the defining feature of Tourette syndrome, it appears to be the presence of co-morbidities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, in particular, and coprophenomena that have the greater impact on health-related quality of life. This has implications for symptom-targeting in the treatment of Tourette syndrome since all available treatments are symptomatic and not disease modifying.
Insulin and the Brain
Authors: Bilotta F. , Lauretta M. P. , Tewari A. , Haque M. , Hara N. , Uchino H. , Rosa G. 
Published: July 2015

Background: Insulin receptors (IRs) in the brain have unique molecular features and a characteristic pattern of distribution. Their possible functions extend beyond glucose utilization. In this systematic review, we explore the interactions between insulin and the brain and its implications for anesthesiologists, critical care physicians, and other medical disciplines. Methods: A literature search of published preclinical and clinical studies between 1978 and 2014 was conducted, yielding 5996 articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 92 studies were selected for this systematic review. Results: The IRs have unique molecular features, pattern of distribution, and mechanism of action. It has effects on neuronal function, metabolism, and neurotransmission. The IRs are involved in neuronal apoptosis and neurodegenerative processes. Conclusion: In this systematic review, we present a close relationship between insulin and the brain, with discernible effects on memory, learning abilities, and motor functions. The potential therapeutic effects extend from acute brain insults such as traumatic brain injury, brain ischemia, and hemorrhage, to chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. An understanding of the wider effects of insulin conveyed in this review will prompt anaesthesiologists and critical care physicians to consider its therapeutic potential and guide future studies.
Curcumin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced anti-colorectal cancer applications
Authors: Udompornmongkol Panisa , Chiang Been-Huang 
Published: July 2015

The purpose of the present study was to fabricate polymeric nanoparticles as drug carriers for encapsulated curcumin with enhanced anti-colorectal cancer applications. Nanoparticles were formulated from chitosan and gum arabic, natural polysaccharides, via an emulsification solvent diffusion method. The formation of curcumin nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimeter. The results show that curcumin was entrapped in carriers with +48 mV, 136 nm size, and high encapsulation efficiency (95%). Based on an in vitro release study, we inferred that curcumin nanoparticles could tolerate hydrolysis due to gastric juice or small intestinal enzymes, and therefore, it should reach the colon largely intact. In addition, curcumin nanoparticles had higher anti-colorectal cancer properties than free curcumin due to greater cellular uptake. Therefore, we concluded that curcumin was successfully encapsulated in chitosan-gum arabic nanoparticles with superior anti-colorectal cancer activity.
Physician Communication in Pediatric End-of-Life Care
Authors: Bateman Lori Brand , Tofil Nancy M. , White Marjorie Lee , Dure Leon S. , Clair Jeffrey Michael , Needham Belinda L. 
Published: July 2015

Objective: The objective of this exploratory study is to describe communication between physicians and the actor parent of a standardized 8-year-old patient in respiratory distress who was nearing the end of life. Methods: Thirteen pediatric emergency medicine and pediatric critical care fellows and attendings participated in a high-fidelity simulation to assess physician communication with an actor-parent. Results: Fifteen percent of the participants decided not to initiate life-sustaining technology (intubation), and 23% of participants offered alternatives to life-sustaining care, such as comfort measures. Although 92% of the participants initiated an end-of-life conversation, the quality of that discussion varied widely. Conclusion: Findings indicate that effective physician–parent communication may not consistently occur in cases involving the treatment of pediatric patients at the end of life in emergency and critical care units. Practice Implications: The findings in this study, particularly that physician–parent end-of-life communication is often unclear and that alternatives to life-sustaining technology are often not offered, suggest that physicians need more training in both communication and end-of-life care.
Acceptance of Advance Directives and Palliative Care Referral for Veterans With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Patel Manali I. , Bhattacharya Jay , Asch Steven M. , Kahn James 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: To evaluate the documentation of advance directive (ADs) and physician orders for life-sustaining treatment (POLST) with acceptance of palliative care (PC) services referral among patients with cancer. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed veterans with advanced cancers at the Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System. Chi-square tests estimated AD and POLST documentation and referral to PC. Logistic regression models estimated the odds of AD and POLST documentation and PC referral. Results: Two hundred and forty-six veterans were diagnosed with cancer. In all, 53% had a documented AD, 5% had a POLST, and 47% accepted referral to PC. The AD documentation was not associated with acceptance of PC. Discussion: We found no association of AD documentation and PC referral. Future studies should evaluate other factors that influence referral to these services.
A one-way text messaging intervention for obesity
Authors: Ahn Ahleum , Choi Jaekyung 
Published: July 2015

Introduction Worldwide, there has been a startling increase in the number of people who are obese or overweight. Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and overall mortality. Mobile phone messaging is an important means of human communication globally. Because the mobile phone can be used anywhere at any time, mobile phone messaging has the potential to manage obesity. We investigated the effectiveness of a one-way text messaging intervention for obesity. Methods Participants' body mass index and waist circumference were measured at the beginning of the programme and again after 12 weeks. The text message group received text messages about exercise, dietary intake, and general information about obesity three times a week, while the control group did not receive any text messages from the study. Results Of the 80 participants, 25 subjects in the text message group and 29 participants in the control group completed the study. After adjusting for baseline body mass index, the body mass index was significantly lower in the text message group than in the control group (27.9 vs 28.3; p = 0.02). After adjusting for the baseline waist circumference, the difference of waist circumference between the text message group and control group was not significant (93.4 vs 94.6; p = 0.13). Discussion The one-way text messaging intervention was a simple and effective way to manage obesity. The one-way text messaging intervention may be a useful method for lifestyle modification in obese subjects.
Patient-Specific 3-Dimensional Printed Titanium Truss Cage With Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis for Salvage of Persistent Distal Tibia Nonunion
Authors: Hsu Andrew R. , Ellington J. Kent 
Published: July 2015

Management of large structural defects of the ankle and hindfoot is challenging with modest outcomes in the literature. Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis using a retrograde intramedullary nail has been used for the treatment of talar avascular necrosis, severe tibial plafond fractures, ankle and hindfoot nonunions, Charcot arthropathy, and failed total ankle arthroplasty. External fixators and spatial frames provide robust multiplanar correction of deformity, but little is known in the literature regarding the salvage treatment of persistent nonunion refractory to frame treatment. In this report, we present the case of an open tibial plafond fracture with nonunion despite 1 year of fixator and frame management that was successfully treated using a patient-specific 3-dimensional printed titanium truss cage in combination with a retrograde TTC nail. At most recent 1-year follow-up, the patient had minimal pain, no wound complications, and was able to ambulate and work independently without an assistive device for the first time in 2 years since his original injury. The case presented here serves as a proof of principle that requires future research to determine its long-term clinical benefits, cost-effectiveness, and complications. Level of Evidence: Level V: Expert Opinion
Characterization of Tissue Response to Impact Loads Delivered Using a Hand-Held Instrument for Studying Articular Cartilage Injury
Authors: Bonnevie Edward D. , Delco Michelle L. , Fortier Lisa A. , Alexander Peter G. , Tuan Rocky S. , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: July 2015

Objective: The objective of this study was to fully characterize the mechanics of an in vivo impactor and correlate the mechanics with superficial cracking of articular surfaces. Design: A spring-loaded impactor was used to apply energy-controlled impacts to the articular surfaces of neonatal bovine cartilage. The simultaneous use of a load cell and displacement sensor provided measurements of stress, stress rate, strain, strain rate, and strain energy density. Application of India ink after impact was used to correlate the mechanical inputs during impact with the resulting severity of tissue damage. Additionally, a signal processing method to deconvolve inertial stresses from impact stresses was developed and validated. Results: Impact models fit the data well (root mean square error average ~0.09) and provided a fully characterized impact. Correlation analysis between mechanical inputs and degree of superficial cracking made visible through India ink application provided significant positive correlations for stress and stress rate with degree of surface cracking ( R2 = 0.7398 and R2 = 0.5262, respectively). Ranges of impact parameters were 7 to 21 MPa, 6 to 40 GPa/s, 0.16 to 0.38, 87 to 236 s−1, and 0.3 to 1.1 MJ/m3 for stress, stress rate, strain, strain rate, and strain energy density, respectively. Thresholds for damage for all inputs were determined at 13 MPa, 15 GPa/s, 0.23, 160 s−1, and 0.59 MJ/m3 for this system. Conclusions: This study provided the mechanical basis for use of a portable, sterilizable, and maneuverable impacting device. Use of this device enables controlled impact loads in vitro or in vivo to connect mechanistic studies with long-term monitoring of disease progression.
PAK1 is a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Pandolfi Ashley , Stanley Robert F. , Yu Yiting , Bartholdy Boris , Pendurti Gopichand , Gritsman Kira , Boultwood Jacqueline , Chernoff Jonathan , Verma Amit , Steidl Ulrich 
Published: July 2015

Key Points
Targeting of PAK1 inhibits primary AML and MDS patients' cells including leukemia stem cells but spares healthy stem and progenitor cells. Inhibition of PAK1 induces differentiation and apoptosis of AML cells through downregulation of MYC and a core network of MYC target genes.
Inflammation rapidly reorganizes mouse bone marrow B cells and their environment in conjunction with early IgM responses
Authors: Moreau Joshua M. , Berger Alexandra , Nelles Megan E. , Mielnik Michael , Furlonger Caren , Cen Selena Y. , Besla Rickvinder , Robbins Clinton S. , Paige Christopher J. 
Published: July 2015

Key PointsMouse inflammation models cause accumulation of B cells in the bone marrow within 12 hours and prior to peak emergency granulopoiesis. Marrow B cells undergo spatial reorganization and are subjected to an altered cellular and secreted milieu.
Hyperspectral image classification via contextual deep learning
Authors: Ma Xiaorui , Geng Jie , Wang Hongyu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBecause the reliability of feature for every pixel determines the accuracy of classification, it is important to design a specialized feature mining algorithm for hyperspectral image classification. We propose a feature learning algorithm, contextual deep learning, which is extremely effective for hyperspectral image classification. On the one hand, the learning-based feature extraction algorithm can characterize information better than the pre-defined feature extraction algorithm. On the other hand, spatial contextual information is effective for hyperspectral image classification. Contextual deep learning explicitly learns spectral and spatial features via a deep learning architecture and promotes the feature extractor using a supervised fine-tune strategy. Extensive experiments show that the proposed contextual deep learning algorithm is an excellent feature learning algorithm and can achieve good performance with only a simple classifier.
Vismodegib Exerts Targeted Efficacy Against Recurrent Sonic Hedgehog–Subgroup Medulloblastoma: Results From Phase II Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Studies PBTC-025B and PBTC-032
Authors: Robinson Giles W. , Orr Brent A. , Wu Gang , Gururangan Sridharan , Lin Tong , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Packer Roger J. , Goldman Stewart , Prados Michael D. , Desjardins Annick , Chintagumpala Murali , Takebe Naoko , Kaste Sue C. , Rusch Michael , Allen Sariah J. , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Stewart Clinton F. , Fouladi Maryam , Boyett James M. , Gilbertson Richard J. , Curran Tom , Ellison David W. , Gajjar Amar 
Published: July 2015

Purpose Two phase II studies assessed the efficacy of vismodegib, a sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway inhibitor that binds smoothened (SMO), in pediatric and adult recurrent medulloblastoma (MB). Patients and Methods Adult patients enrolled onto PBTC-025B and pediatric patients enrolled onto PBTC-032 were treated with vismodegib (150 to 300 mg/d). Protocol-defined response, which had to be sustained for 8 weeks, was confirmed by central neuroimaging review. Molecular tests to identify patterns of response and insensitivity were performed when tissue was available. Results A total of 31 patients were enrolled onto PBTC-025B, and 12 were enrolled onto PBTC-032. Three patients in PBTC-025B and one in PBTC-032, all with SHH-subgroup MB (SHH-MB), exhibited protocol-defined responses. Progression-free survival (PFS) was longer in those with SHH-MB than in those with non-SHH–MB, and prolonged disease stabilization occurred in 41% of patient cases of SHH-MB. Among those with SHH-MB, loss of heterozygosity of PTCH1 was associated with prolonged PFS, and diffuse staining of P53 was associated with reduced PFS. Whole-exome sequencing identified mutations in SHH genes downstream from SMO in four of four tissue samples from nonresponders and upstream of SMO in two of four patients with favorable responses. Conclusion Vismodegib exhibits activity against adult recurrent SHH-MB but not against recurrent non-SHH–MB. Inadequate accrual of pediatric patients precluded conclusions in this population. Molecular analyses support the hypothesis that SMO inhibitor activity depends on the genomic aberrations within the tumor. Such inhibitors should be advanced in SHH-MB studies; however, molecular and genomic work remains imperative to identify target populations that will truly benefit.
Detecting Germline PTEN Mutations Among At-Risk Patients With Cancer: An Age- and Sex-Specific Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Ngeow Joanne , Liu Chang , Zhou Ke , Frick Kevin D. , Matchar David B. , Eng Charis 
Published: July 2015

Purpose Cowden syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by benign and malignant tumors. One-quarter of patients who are diagnosed with CS have pathogenic germline PTEN mutations, which increase the risk of the development of breast, thyroid, uterine, renal, and other cancers. PTEN testing and regular, intensive cancer surveillance allow for early detection and treatment of these cancers for mutation-positive patients and their relatives. Individual CS-related features, however, occur commonly in the general population, making it challenging for clinicians to identify CS-like patients to offer PTEN testing. Patients and Methods We calculated the cost per mutation detected and analyzed the cost-effectiveness of performing selected PTEN testing among CS-like patients using a semi-quantitative score (the PTEN Cleveland Clinic [CC] score) compared with existing diagnostic criteria. In our model, first-degree relatives of the patients with detected PTEN mutations are offered PTEN testing. All individuals with detected PTEN mutations are offered cancer surveillance. Results CC score at a threshold of 15 (CC15) costs from $3,720 to $4,573 to detect one PTEN mutation, which is the most inexpensive among the different strategies. At base-case, CC10 is the most cost-effective strategy for female patients who are younger than 40 years, and CC15 is the most cost-effective strategy for female patients who are between 40 and 60 years of age and male patients of all ages. In sensitivity analyses, CC15 is robustly the most cost-effective strategy for probands who are younger than 60 years. Conclusion Use of the CC score as a clinical risk calculator is a cost-effective prescreening method to identify CS-like patients for PTEN germline testing.
Konsequente Umsetzung von Zielen durch Coaching
Authors: Greif Siegfried , Benning-Rohnke Elke 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung
Handlungsziele werden oft nicht praktisch umgesetzt. Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen legen nahe, dass die unzureichende Formulierung konkreter Umsetzungsabsichten sowie die fehlende Begleitung in der Verstetigung neuer Verhaltensroutinen dafür maßgeblich sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag vermittelt wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse aus der Grundlagenforschung und stellt Coaching-Interventionen zur Unterstützung der Umsetzung in die Praxis vor. Anhand von zwei Praxisprojekten in Banken wird beispielhaft gezeigt, wie ein stringentes Vorgehen in Anlehnung an die Methode des Ergebnisorientierten Coachings durchgeführt werden kann, mit Unterstützung der Formulierung konkreter Handlungsziele im Team, Entwicklung individueller Handlungsabsichten, Umsetzungsunterstützung und Verstetigung zur nachhaltigen Verhaltensveränderung. Nach einer Panelerhebung hat sich in einem der Projekte die Zielerreichung in Profitabilität um 29 % verbessert und in Wachstums sogar um 105 %. Abschließend wird empfohlen, Erkenntnisse und Methoden aus weiteren Feldern der Grundlagenforschung zur Innovation des Change Managements und Coachings in Unternehmen und Coachingpraxis zu nutzen.