bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear association between PD-L1 expression levels and the risk of postoperative recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kojima Kensuke , Samejima Hironobu , Iguchi Takafumi , Tokunaga Toshiteru , Okishio Kyoichi , Yoon Hyungeun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate prediction of postoperative recurrence is important for optimizing the treatment strategies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies identified the PD-L1 expression in NSCLC as a risk factor for postoperative recurrence. This study aimed to examine the contribution of PD-L1 expression to predicting postoperative recurrence using machine learning. The clinical data of 647 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgical resection were collected and stratified into training (80%), validation (10%), and testing (10%) datasets. Machine learning models were trained on the training data using clinical parameters including PD-L1 expression. The top-performing model was assessed on the test data using the SHAP analysis and partial dependence plots to quantify the contribution of the PD-L1 expression. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to validate the association between PD-L1 expression and postoperative recurrence. The random forest model demonstrated the highest predictive performance with the SHAP analysis, highlighting PD-L1 expression as an important feature, and the multivariate Cox analysis indicated a significant increase in the risk of postoperative recurrence with each increment in PD-L1 expression. These findings suggest that variations in PD-L1 expression may provide valuable information for clinical decision-making regarding lung cancer treatment strategies.
Identification of human host factors required for beta-defensin-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells upon a bacterial challenge
Authors: Wozniak Weronika , Sechet Emmanuel , Kwon Yong-Jun , Aulner Nathalie , Navarro Lionel , Sperandio Brice 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe human intestinal tract is colonized with microorganisms, which present a diverse array of immunological challenges. A number of antimicrobial mechanisms have evolved to cope with these challenges. A key defense mechanism is the expression of inducible antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as beta-defensins, which rapidly inactivate microorganisms. We currently have a limited knowledge of mechanisms regulating the inducible expression of AMP genes, especially factors from the host required in these regulatory mechanisms. To identify the host factors required for expression of the beta-defensin-2 gene (HBD2) in intestinal epithelial cells upon a bacterial challenge, we performed a RNAi screen using a siRNA library spanning the whole human genome. The screening was performed in duplicate to select the strongest 79 and 110 hit genes whose silencing promoted or inhibited HBD2 expression, respectively. A set of 57 hits selected among the two groups of genes was subjected to a counter-screening and a subset was subsequently validated for its impact onto HBD2 expression. Among the 57 confirmed hits, we brought out the TLR5-MYD88 signaling pathway, but above all new signaling proteins, epigenetic regulators and transcription factors so far unrevealed in the HBD2 regulatory circuits, like the GATA6 transcription factor involved in inflammatory bowel diseases. This study represents a significant step toward unveiling the key molecular requirements to promote AMP expression in human intestinal epithelial cells, and revealing new potential targets for the development of an innovative therapeutic strategy aiming at stimulating the host AMP expression, at the era of antimicrobial resistance.
Structural and functional insights underlying recognition of histidine phosphotransfer protein in fungal phosphorelay systems
Authors: Paredes-Martínez Francisco , Eixerés Lluís , Zamora-Caballero Sara , Casino Patricia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn human pathogenic fungi, receiver domains from hybrid histidine kinases (hHK) have to recognize one HPt. To understand the recognition mechanism, we have assessed phosphorelay from receiver domains of five hHKs of group III, IV, V, VI, and XI to HPt from Chaetomium thermophilum and obtained the structures of Ct_HPt alone and in complex with the receiver domain of hHK group VI. Our data indicate that receiver domains phosphotransfer to Ct_HPt, show a low affinity for complex formation, and prevent a Leu-Thr switch to stabilize phosphoryl groups, also derived from the structures of the receiver domains of hHK group III and Candida albicans Sln1. Moreover, we have elucidated the envelope structure of C. albicans Ypd1 using small-angle X-ray scattering which reveals an extended flexible conformation of the long loop αD–αE which is not involved in phosphotransfer. Finally, we have analyzed the role of salt bridges in the structure of Ct_HPt alone.
The ACE1 secondary metabolite gene cluster is a pathogenicity factor of wheat blast fungus
Authors: Vy Trinh T. P. , Inoue Yoshihiro , Asuke Soichiro , Chuma Izumi , Nakayashiki Hitoshi , Tosa Yukio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWheat blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae pathotype Triticum is now becoming a very serious threat to global food security. Here, we report an essential pathogenicity factor of the wheat blast fungus that is recognized and may be targeted by a rice resistance gene. Map-based cloning of Pwt2 showed that its functional allele is the ACE1 secondary metabolite gene cluster of the wheat blast fungus required for its efficient penetration of wheat cell walls. ACE1 is required for the strong aggressiveness of Triticum, Eleusine, and Lolium pathotypes on their respective hosts, but not for that of Oryza and Setaria pathotypes on rice and foxtail millet, respectively. All ACE1 alleles found in wheat blast population are recognized by a rice resistance gene, Pi33, when introduced into rice blast isolates. ACE1 mutations for evading the recognition by Pi33 do not affect the aggressiveness of the rice blast fungus on rice but inevitably impair the aggressiveness of the wheat blast fungus on wheat. These results suggest that a blast resistance gene already defeated in rice may be revived as a durable resistance gene in wheat by targeting an Achilles heel of the wheat blast fungus.
Emergent digital possibilities for design-led reuse within circular economy
Authors: Keulemans Guy , Adams Roxane 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses literature and practice-based case studies in transformative, design-led reuse using emerging technologies. The inability of recycling to manage the assortment and complexity of waste materials within Circular Economy (CE) demands more discrete, attentive and granular approaches to reuse of waste by design professionals. This paper explores emerging and established digital technologies of Building Information Management (BIM), 3D scanning and artificial intelligence (AI) for their capacity to ease and improve transformative, design-led reuse practices for interiors, furnishings, architecture and building. Practice-based research is used to communicate first-hand encounters with the possibilities, benefits and challenges of these digital techniques.
Automatic Speech Recognition of Conversational Speech in Individuals With Disordered Speech
Authors: Tobin Jimmy , Nelson Phillip , MacDonald Bob , Heywood Rus , Cave Richard , Seaver Katie , Desjardins Antoine , Jiang Pan-Pan , Green Jordan R. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
This study examines the effectiveness of automatic speech recognition (ASR) for individuals with speech disorders, addressing the gap in performance between read and conversational ASR. We analyze the factors influencing this disparity and the effect of speech mode–specific training on ASR accuracy.

Method:
Recordings of read and conversational speech from 27 individuals with various speech disorders were analyzed using both (a) one speaker-independent ASR system trained and optimized for typical speech and (b) multiple ASR models that were personalized to the speech of the participants with disordered speech. Word error rates were calculated for each speech model, read versus conversational, and subject. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the impact of speech mode and disorder severity on ASR accuracy. We investigated nine variables, classified as technical, linguistic, or speech impairment factors, for their potential influence on the performance gap.

Results:
We found a significant performance gap between read and conversational speech in both personalized and unadapted ASR models. Speech impairment severity notably impacted recognition accuracy in unadapted models for both speech modes and in personalized models for read speech. Linguistic attributes of utterances were the most influential on accuracy, though atypical speech characteristics also played a role. Including conversational speech samples in model training notably improved recognition accuracy.

Conclusions:
We observed a significant performance gap in ASR accuracy between read and conversational speech for individuals with speech disorders. This gap was largely due to the linguistic complexity and unique characteristics of speech disorders in conversational speech. Training personalized ASR models using conversational speech significantly improved recognition accuracy, demonstrating the importance of domain-specific training and highlighting the need for further research into ASR systems capable of handling disordered conversational speech effectively.
Gekrümmt und verdreht
Authors: Schreiber Thomas 
Published: July 2024

SummarySkoliosen sind gekennzeichnet durch Deformationen der Wirbelsäule, deren Ursache in den meisten Fällen unbekannt sind. Ihr Fortschreiten hängt unter anderem von ihrer Ausprägung und der Skelettreife ab. Klassifiziert werden können Skoliosen beispielsweise nach Entstehungszeitpunkt sowie Lage, Ausmaß und Ausrichtung der Abweichung von der physiologischen S-Form der Wirbelsäule. Der Beitrag informiert über Inspektionen und Untersuchungen, die in der naturheilkundlichen Praxis möglich sind, sowie über osteopathische Behandlungsoptionen.
Zwischen Nähe und Grenze
Authors: Peters Christian 
Published: July 2024

SummaryZu den Motivationen für das Aufsuchen einer Naturheilpraxis zählen Leidensdruck, Ohnmachtsgefühl und/oder Erwartung, wodurch Abhängigkeit begünstigt werden kann. Berührung, Scham und Schmerz im Rahmen der Therapie machen die Behandlungssituation für Patient*innen sensibel und ambivalent. Aufklärung, Authentizität, Humor, kollegiales Feedback, Zuhören und -sehen, Empowerment und die Kenntnis der persönlichen Grenzen der Patient*innen sowie entsprechender Hilfsangebote beugen Übergriffen und Grenzverletzungen vor.
Synthesis of Heterocycles by HNTf2-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization of Vinyldiazo Compounds with 3-Phenyl-3-hydroxyisoindolinone
Authors: Doyle Michael P. , Bao Ming , Arman Hadi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA Brønsted acid catalyzed C–H functionalization of vinyldiazoacetates with 3-hydroxyisoindolinone is developed. This methodology provides a general access to E-substituted isoindolinone vinyldiazo compounds in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities with broad substrate generality under mild conditions, and with 4-substituted 2-diazo-3-butenoates produces fused bicyclic pyrrolidines. The reaction generally involves addition of the N-acyl ketiminium electrophile, formed from the 3-hydroxyisoindolinone, to the vinylogous position of the vinyldiazo compound resulting in vinyldiazonium ion intermediates that undergo deprotonation to new vinyldiazo compounds or ring closure to fused bicyclic pyrrolidines.
Ataxias in Brazil: 17 years of experience in an ataxia center
Authors: Massuyama Breno Kazuo , Gama Maria Thereza Drumond , Silva Thiago Yoshinaga Tonholo , Braga-Neto Pedro , Pedroso José Luiz , Barsottini Orlando Graziani Povoas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Cerebellar ataxias comprise sporadic and genetic etiologies. Ataxia may also be a presenting feature in hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs).
Objective To report a descriptive analysis of the frequency of different forms of cerebellar ataxia evaluated over 17 years in the Ataxia Unit of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
Methods Charts of patients who were being followed from January 2007 to December 2023 were reviewed. We used descriptive statistics to present our results as frequencies and percentages of the overall analysis. Diagnosed patients were classified according to the following 9 groups: sporadic ataxia, spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), other autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias, autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCAs), mitochondrial ataxias, congenital ataxias, X-linked ataxias, HSPs, and others.
Results There were 1,332 patients with ataxias or spastic paraplegias. Overall, 744 (55.85%) of all cases were successfully diagnosed: 101 sporadic ataxia, 326 SCAs, 20 of other autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias, 186 ARCAs, 6 X-linked ataxias, 2 mitochondrial ataxias, 4 congenital ataxias, and 51 HSPs.
Conclusion This study describes the frequency of cerebellar ataxias in a large group of patients followed for the past 17 years, of whom 55% obtained a definitive clinical or molecular diagnosis. Future demographic surveys in Brazil or Latin American remain necessary.
Radiologic Decision-Making for Imaging in Pulmonary Embolism: Accuracy and Reliability of Large Language Models—Bing, Claude, ChatGPT, and Perplexity
Authors: Sarangi Pradosh Kumar , Datta Suvrankar , Swarup M. Sarthak , Panda Swaha , Nayak Debasish Swapnesh Kumar , Malik Archana , Datta Ananda , Mondal Himel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Artificial intelligence chatbots have demonstrated potential to enhance clinical decision-making and streamline health care workflows, potentially alleviating administrative burdens. However, the contribution of AI chatbots to radiologic decision-making for clinical scenarios remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluates the accuracy and reliability of four prominent Large Language Models (LLMs)—Microsoft Bing, Claude, ChatGPT 3.5, and Perplexity—in offering clinical decision support for initial imaging for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE).
Methods Open-ended (OE) and select-all-that-apply (SATA) questions were crafted, covering four variants of case scenarios of PE in-line with the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria. These questions were presented to the LLMs by three radiologists from diverse geographical regions and setups. The responses were evaluated based on established scoring criteria, with a maximum achievable score of 2 points for OE responses and 1 point for each correct answer in SATA questions. To enable comparative analysis, scores were normalized (score divided by the maximum achievable score).
Result In OE questions, Perplexity achieved the highest accuracy (0.83), while Claude had the lowest (0.58), with Bing and ChatGPT each scoring 0.75. For SATA questions, Bing led with an accuracy of 0.96, Perplexity was the lowest at 0.56, and both Claude and ChatGPT scored 0.6. Overall, OE questions saw higher scores (0.73) compared to SATA (0.68). There is poor agreement among radiologists' scores for OE (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC] = −0.067, p = 0.54), while there is strong agreement for SATA (ICC = 0.875, p < 0.001).
Conclusion The study revealed variations in accuracy across LLMs for both OE and SATA questions. Perplexity showed superior performance in OE questions, while Bing excelled in SATA questions. OE queries yielded better overall results. The current inconsistencies in LLM accuracy highlight the importance of further refinement before these tools can be reliably integrated into clinical practice, with a need for additional LLM fine-tuning and judicious selection by radiologists to achieve consistent and reliable support for decision-making.
Safely Withdrawing Glucocorticoid Therapy: A Case-Based Approach
Authors: Alenazi Mohammed , Aldahmani Khaled , Imran Syed Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) have potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects, making them effective for treating various diseases. They are among the most commonly prescribed medications worldwide. The prevalence of GC therapy in the general population is estimated to be ∼0.9 to 3%, though it is challenging to determine precisely. The chronic GC therapy is associated with severe morbidity and increased mortality due to iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome and suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, leading to tertiary adrenal insufficiency. Therefore, it is not recommended to abruptly stop chronic GC therapy, and a gradual tapering of GCs is generally considered the ideal approach for GCs withdrawal. However, withdrawing GCs in patients on chronic therapy can be challenging due to the difficulty in accurately assessing HPA function. In this article, we aim to provide a practical, case-based approach to GC withdrawal based on current literature and our extensive experience in this field.
Pelvic Ring Reconstruction with an Osteocutaneous Fibula Flap for Abdominal Wall Repair in Adults with Bladder Exstrophy
Authors: Alvedro-Ruiz Pedro , Sánchez-García Alberto , Heredia-Alcalde Iván , Andresen-Lorca Belén , Trapero-Ovejero Ana , Alonso-Carpio Miriam , García-Pastor Providencia , Pous-Serrano Salvador , Pérez-García Alberto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAbdominal wall repair in adults with bladder exstrophy is challenging. We present a case of a 46-year-old woman with bladder exstrophy presenting with a large midline incisional hernia associated with a 13-cm hypoplasia of both pubic rami that precluded fixation of any abdominal mesh. A two-stage approach was adopted. First, a free vascularized osteocutaneous fibula flap was used to reconstruct the pelvic ring. After complete bone union 18 months later, a mesh was anchored to the fibula flap to restore the abdominal wall competence. After 2 years of follow-up, no hernia recurrence was observed, and the patient reported improved quality of life and self-esteem. This novel technique may provide long-term stability and good functional outcomes for reconstruction of the abdominal wall in selected adults with bladder exstrophy.
Association of ET1 and APE1 Genes Polymorphism with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Raza Syed T. , Eba Ale , Wani Irshad A. , Srivastava Sanchita , Mahdi Farzana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), being the foremost reason for mortality and disability globally. It is a cascade of polygenic architecture of various disorders as a resultant of complexities between various genetic factors and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the ET1 and APE1 gene polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility to CAD. This study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Era Medical College and Hospital. Three milliliters of venous blood sample was collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-coated vials, and genomic DNA was isolated by using the standard phenol-chloroform extraction method for restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction study. The APE1 gene AA, AG, GG, and AG + GG genotypes frequencies were 13.91, 40.87, 45.22, and 86.99% in CAD cases and 13, 50, 37, and 87% in controls, respectively. The ET1 gene GG, GT, TT, GT + TT genotypes frequencies were 6.67, 37.5, 55.8, and 93.34% in CAD cases and 6.67, 25.33, 68, and 93.34% in controls. The ET1 and APE1 gene polymorphisms were not significantly associated with the risk of CAD.
Exploring the Use of Ambientally Stored Methylene Diphosphonate Radiopharmaceutical Aliquots in Solving Challenging Situations in Developing Countries
Authors: Zulu Jenipher None , Katebe Reuben None , Ramli Martalena None , Sakala Rita None , Mwape Elias None , Chipasha Ernest None , Hang'ombe Bernard Mudenda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives The primary aim was to evaluate the prolonged quality characteristics of methyl diphosphonate (MDP) aliquots during ambient storage over a specified duration. This study further investigated potential additives that could enhance the stability of MDP aliquots stored under such conditions.
Materials and Methods This was a laboratory-based experimental study conducted at the University Teaching Adult Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. A total of 36 MDP aliquots stored at ambient conditions and 4 MDP aliquots stored at conventional refrigerated frozen conditions were labeled with technitium-99m (99mTc) and tested for radiochemical purity (RCP) and other quality characteristics. A comparative analysis of the stability and quality of MDP aliquots from the two cohorts was then conducted.
Statistical Analysis Stata 14 was used to analyze the data on the RCP of all MDP aliquots.
Results The RCP of ambient stored MDP aliquots was found to be ranging from 98 to 99%, while that for frozen and refrigerated ones ranged from 99 to 100%. There was also a 1% increase in RCP for both cohorts with argon gas purging (98 and 99%, respectively).
Conclusion The RCP of MDP aliquots from both cohorts was much higher than the required minimum of 90% implying that there was no significant association of their stability and quality with the mode of storage. However, purging with argon gas seemed to increase the stability further in both streams. The study findings show potential for application in resource-constrained environments and centers, especially in developing countries, where challenges to maintain the cold storage chain of these important radiopharmaceuticals are likely to be encountered due to power outages.
See the world from a plant’s perspective: on creating an interactive multimedia sculpture implying plant optics
Authors: Burnusuz Alexandra , Moshchenskaia Mariia , Prizova Veronika , Shalepo Mikhail , Rider Maxim , Zakharov Viktor , Markelov Ippolit , Petrov Mikhail , Kadyrov Dmitrii 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHumans constantly interact with their environment, with other humans, as well as natural and artificial non-human agents. Nevertheless, our somatosensory system limits the diversity of our ways of communicating. Such organisms as plants thus escape our notice, blending into the landscape. This phenomenon is called Plant blindness. This leads not only to indifference and lack of empathy towards plants among ordinary people but also to a deficit in funding plant conservation. We believe that it is important to develop connections and also rethink the relationship between humans and flora. This paper examines the Plant turn in the context of an art-science project titled Plantoverse. The scientific part of the project is based on a study of plant epidermis cells, which possess optical properties and function as a “lens”. The data acquired via confocal microscopy was used to construct a mathematical model of these lenses which in turn formed the basis of the artistic work. It is a representation of the plant epidermis in a digital environment. The work allows us to look at ourselves through “plant optics'' and find new tools for interacting with the vegetal world. This interdisciplinary approach can help transfer knowledge about flora from the professional environment to lay society and form a new, more empathetic view toward plants.