bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The validity of self‐reported information about hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in a population‐based survey: the Tromsø Study
Authors: Falkegård Marit , Schirmer Henrik , Løchen Maja‐Lisa , Øian Pål , Acharya Ganesh 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the validity of self‐reported information about hypertensive disorders in previous pregnancies among women participating in the fourth survey of the Tromsø Study.DesignRetrospective cohort study with case–control design.PopulationParous women participating in the fourth survey of the Tromsø Study.MethodsMedical records including partograms of 200 randomly selected women who had answered positively to whether they had hypertension and/or proteinuria during one or more of their previous pregnancies (cases) and 200 women who had answered negatively (controls) were studied. The cases and controls were matched for age. The investigators were blinded to the allocation of cases and controls until data collection was finished.Main outcome measuresSelf‐reported and actual prevalence of hypertensive pregnancy disorders and predictive value of self‐reported hypertension and/or proteinuria in previous pregnancies.ResultsClinical data were missing for 23.5% (94/400) of the participants (50 cases and 44 controls). A total of 80% (120/150) of cases and 57.1% (89/156) of controls had answered the question on whether or not they had high blood pressure and/or proteinuria during their pregnancies correctly (positive predictive value 0.800; negative predictive value 0.571). The proportion of false‐positive cases declined with increasing age while the proportion of false‐negative controls increased until 55 years of age.ConclusionsWe found good concordance between self‐reported hypertension and/or proteinuria during previous pregnancies and actual clinical findings among the cases. However, there was a tendency towards under‐reporting among controls.
Modified protocol for improvement of differentiation potential of menstrual blood‐derived stem cells into adipogenic lineage
Authors: Khanmohammadi M. , Khanjani S. , Edalatkhah H. , Zarnani A. H. , Heidari‐Vala H. , Soleimani M. , Alimoghaddam K. , Kazemnejad S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize potency of menstrual blood‐derived stem cells (MenSCs) for future cell therapies, we examined differentiation potential of MenSCs into adipocytes.Materials and methodsDifferentiation potential of MenSCs in comparison to bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) was assessed in conventional culture medium. Differentiation potential of MenSCs into adipocytes was improved using different combinations of growth factors and hormones.ResultsFirst, we demonstrated that MenSCs preserve their appearance and karyotypic stability during passages. Although these cells express mesenchymal stem cells markers, they cannot simply be classified as mesenchymal stem cells due to expression of embryonic stem cells marker, OCT‐4. Oil red O staining showed that differentiated MenSCs in conventional medium with/without retinoic acid (protocols 1 and 2) did not attain adipocyte characteristics, whereas differentiated BMSCs in conventional medium accumulated oil vacuoles typically. Nevertheless, real‐time RT‐PCR results showed that LPL gene expression was up‐regulated in both protocols 1 and 2, whereas LEPR was up‐regulated only in protocol 2 (fortified with retinoic acid). Surprisingly, protocol 3 (including rosiglitazone) had odd influence on mRNA expression of all genes (LEPR, LPL and PPAR‐γ). Oil red O staining confirmed fat‐producing ability of MenSCs under protocol 3.ConclusionsPresented data suggest an efficient differentiation protocol for in vitro production of MenSC‐derived adipocytes. These cells are suggested to be an apt alternative to BMSCs for future stem cell therapy of soft tissue injuries.
Imitation promotes affiliation in infant macaques at risk for impaired social behaviors
Authors: Sclafani Valentina , Paukner Annika , Suomi Stephen J. , Ferrari Pier F. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractParental responsiveness and synchronization during early face‐to‐face interactions between mother and infant have been theorized to affect a broad spectrum of positive developmental outcomes in social and cognitive infant growth and to facilitate the development of a sense of self in the baby. Here we show that being imitated can significantly affect the behavior of nursery‐reared infant monkeys, which are at an increased risk for developing aberrant social behaviors. Infants look longer and lipsmack more at an experimenter both during imitation and after being imitated. These results demonstrate that from early in life imitation might be used as a privileged form of communication by adults to enhance infants' visual engagement and their social communication. Imitation may therefore be useful to counteract the negative effects of early social adversities.
Reproducibility of peripheral arterial tonometry measurements in male cardiovascular patients
Authors: Nil Markus , Schäfer Daniela , Radtke Thomas , Saner Hugo , Wilhelm Matthias , Eser Prisca 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of endothelial function of the microvasculature by peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT®) has gained increasing popularity in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Only limited knowledge about its reproducibility in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is available. We therefore aimed to quantify reproducibility of EndoPAT® parameters in patients with stable CAD.DesignEndoPAT® measurements were performed repeatedly in 78 male patients (age 66 ± 8 years) with CAD on stable medication. We calculated overall mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the following parameters: reactive hyperemic index (RHI), PAT ratio of the postocclusion period 90–150 s as used for calculation of the RHI (PAT ratio90–150 s) and 90–120 s (PAT ratio90–120 s) as used for the often employed Framingham RHI (F‐RHI), as well as PAT ratio of the peak hyperemic response (PAT ratiopeak response). Additionally, least significant changes (LSC) for individual subjects and minimum sample sizes for parallel and cross‐over design studies were calculated.ResultsMean RHI was 1·84 (SD 0·36). For RHI, PAT ratio90–150 s, PAT ratio90–120 s, and PAT ratiopeak response the CVs were 17·0%, 25·4%, 26·1%, and 25·0%, respectively. The ICCs were 0·45, 0·49, 0·48 and 0·51, respectively, and LSC for RHI was 47·2%.ConclusionsCV of RHI in our population was moderate; however, we consider this precision insufficient to monitor changes in individual patients, as they would need to exceed 47% to show a significant change. Further, the poor ICCs reflect the difficulty of detecting treatment effects in homogenous populations, such as patients with stable CAD.
Does probability of occurrence relate to population dynamics?
Authors: Thuiller Wilfried , Münkemüller Tamara , Schiffers Katja H. , Georges Damien , Dullinger Stefan , Eckhart Vincent M. , Edwards Thomas C. , Gravel Dominique , Kunstler Georges , Merow Cory , Moore Kara , Piedallu Christian , Vissault Steve , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Zurell Damaris , Schurr Frank M. 
Published: September 2014

Hutchinson defined species' realized niche as the set of environmental conditions in which populations can persist in the presence of competitors. In terms of demography, the realized niche corresponds to the environments where the intrinsic growth rate (r) of populations is positive. Observed species occurrences should reflect the realized niche when additional processes like dispersal and local extinction lags do not have overwhelming effects. Despite the foundational nature of these ideas, quantitative assessments of the relationship between range‐wide demographic performance and occurrence probability have not been made. This assessment is needed both to improve our conceptual understanding of species' niches and ranges and to develop reliable mechanistic models of species geographic distributions that incorporate demography and species interactions.The objective of this study is to analyse how demographic parameters (intrinsic growth rate r and carrying capacity K ) and population density (N ) relate to occurrence probability (Pocc ). We hypothesized that these relationships vary with species' competitive ability. Demographic parameters, density, and occurrence probability were estimated for 108 tree species from four temperate forest inventory surveys (Québec, western USA, France and Switzerland). We used published information of shade tolerance as indicators of light competition strategy, assuming that high tolerance denotes high competitive capacity in stable forest environments.Interestingly, relationships between demographic parameters and occurrence probability did not vary substantially across degrees of shade tolerance and regions. Although they were influenced by the uncertainty in the estimation of the demographic parameters, we found that r was generally negatively correlated with Pocc, while N, and for most regions K, was generally positively correlated with Pocc. Thus, in temperate forest trees the regions of highest occurrence probability are those with high densities but slow intrinsic population growth rates. The uncertain relationships between demography and occurrence probability suggests caution when linking species distribution and demographic models.
Neurophysiological evidence for the presence of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
Authors: Soni Neeraj , Satpathy Shankha , Kohlmeier Kristi A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMarijuana, which acts within the endocannabinoid (eCB) system as an agonist of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), exhibits addictive properties and has powerful actions on the state of arousal of an organism. The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT), as a component of the reticular activating system, is involved in cortical activation and is important in the development of drug addiction‐associated behaviours. Therefore, eCBs might exert behavioural effects by actions on the LDT; however, it is unknown whether eCBs have actions on neurons in this nucleus. Accordingly, whole‐cell voltage‐ and current‐clamp recordings were conducted from mouse brain slices, and responses of LDT neurons to the CB1R agonist WIN‐2 were monitored. Our results showed that WIN‐2 decreased the frequency of spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs and mIPSCs). Ongoing activity of endogenous eCBs was confirmed as AM251, a potent CB1R antagonist, elicited sIPSCs. WIN‐2 reduced the firing frequency of LDT neurons. In addition, our RT‐PCR studies confirmed the presence of CB1R transcript in the LDT. Taken together, we conclude that CB1Rs are functionally active in the LDT, and their activation changes the firing frequency and synaptic activity of neurons in this nucleus. Therefore, endogenous eCB transmission could play a role in processes involving the LDT, such as cortical activation and motivated behaviours and, further, behavioural actions of marijuana are probably mediated, in part, via cellular actions within the LDT induced by this addictive and behavioural state‐altering drug.
Multiple mandibular ossifying fibromas in a yearlingBelgianDraught horse filly
Authors: Crijns C. P. , Vlaminck L. , Verschooten F. , van Bergen T. , De Cock H. E. , Huylebroek F. , Pool R. , Gielen I. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryA yearlingBelgianDraught horse filly was presented with a history of bilateral, progressive, painful swelling of the mandible, fever and anorexia. Radiographs and computed tomographic images showed an expansile lesion with a coalescing, well‐defined cystic pattern at the level of the horizontal ramii of the mandible. The histopathological findings confirmed the diagnoses of bilateral, multiple ossifying fibroma. This report indicates that ossifying fibroma should be included in a differential diagnosis if multiple expansile lesions of the jaw are present.
Effects of woody debris and the supply of terrestrial invertebrates on the diet and growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a boreal stream
Authors: Gustafsson Pär , Greenberg Larry A. , Bergman Eva 
Published: September 2014

SummaryChanges to the riparian vegetation of forest streams during timber harvesting may have considerable impacts on stream biota, but few studies have attempted to separate the effects of individual factors that are altered during clear‐felling operations.We studied the effects of large wood and terrestrial invertebrate supply, two factors affected by forest harvesting, on the growth and diet of two size classes of brown trout (Salmo trutta) during a two‐month (June–August) field enclosure experiment. Twelve 20‐m‐long enclosed stream reaches were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design, with large wood either absent or added to mimic pre‐modern forestry conditions, and terrestrial invertebrate inputs either reduced or maintained at ambient levels.The addition of large wood had a positive effect on the growth of large trout but no effect on small trout, whereas terrestrial invertebrate input had no effect on the growth of either size class. Growth rates were highest in the treatment with ambient terrestrial invertebrate inputs and added wood, were lowest in the treatment with reduced terrestrial invertebrate inputs and no added wood and were intermediate in the other two treatments.Dietary analyses showed no difference in treatments with and without added wood, perhaps because instream wood influences growth by producing profitable stream positions for trout, rather than by acting as a source of prey. Terrestrial invertebrate inputs affected the diet, as trout in enclosures with reduced inputs had a lower proportion of terrestrial invertebrate biomass in the diet than trout in enclosures with ambient terrestrial inputs.Our results suggest that leaving woody debris in streams when harvesting forests may enhance trout growth and that this is probably due to the physical changes in depth and current velocity caused by the wood rather than to changes in dietary prey composition.
Microrefuges from drying for invertebrates in a seasonal wetland
Authors: Strachan Scott R. , Chester Edwin T. , Robson Belinda J. 
Published: September 2014

Summary

Seasonally intermittent freshwater environments show large temporal changes in area and environmental conditions (which may be harsh). We investigated whether microhabitats that retain moisture could provide a refuge during drying in a seasonal wetland.

We investigated occupancy by invertebrates of three potential microrefuge types: surface depressions, shallow cracks and deeper fissures in the sediment of a wetland in Western Australia. Our aims were to determine whether the assemblages occupying these microrefuges differed and whether they changed as the wetland dried and reflooded.

Ten microrefuges of each type were sampled for invertebrates, sediment and temperature during each of three hydrological phases: the damp phase (surface water absent but sediment moist), the dry phase (groundwater at its lowest level) and the reflooded phase (surface water present). Sediment samples taken from each microrefuge in the damp and dry phases were reflooded in the laboratory to reveal species aestivating or present as eggs, and sediment organic matter content was measured.

Sediment organic matter content did not change between wetland phases. The invertebrate assemblage in the microrefuges showed almost complete species turnover between phases. Invertebrate composition differed between microrefuges, and temperature in the deeper fissures was on average >10 °C lower than in surface depressions and shallow cracks.

Microcrustaceans and gastropods survived the drier months as resting stages in the microrefuges and either emerged or hatched from eggs upon reflooding. Several species, including isopods and caddisflies, were collected only from cracks and fissures as the wetland dried. During drying, a high diversity of carnivorous species was observed in the microrefuges.

Sediment microrefuges apparently underpin resistance to drought by invertebrates in South Lake. Those species that depend on sediment fissures to survive may be threatened by the declining groundwater table in the region. Changes to wetland hydrology and other human activities that affect wetland sediment or vegetation will affect the range of microrefuges available to invertebrates to survive drying and may thus alter wetland biodiversity.
Viral attack exacerbates the susceptibility of a bloom‐forming alga to ocean acidification
Authors: Chen Shanwen , Gao Kunshan , Beardall John 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBoth ocean acidification and viral infection bring about changes in marine phytoplankton physiological activities and community composition. However, little information is available on how the relationship between phytoplankton and viruses may be affected by ocean acidification and what impacts this might have on photosynthesis‐driven marine biological CO2 pump. Here, we show that when the harmful bloom alga Phaeocystis globosa is infected with viruses under future ocean conditions, its photosynthetic performance further decreased and cells became more susceptible to stressful light levels, showing enhanced photoinhibition and reduced carbon fixation, up‐regulation of mitochondrial respiration and decreased virus burst size. Our results indicate that ocean acidification exacerbates the impacts of viral attack on P. globosa, which implies that, while ocean acidification directly influences marine primary producers, it may also affect them indirectly by altering their relationship with viruses. Therefore, viruses as a biotic stressor need to be invoked when considering the overall impacts of climate change on marine productivity and carbon sequestration.
Bone disease in patients with haemophilia A and B – where are we now?
Authors: Anagnostis P. , Karras S. N. , Goulis D. G. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIt is evident that haemophilia A and B are associated with decreased bone mass in both adults and children. Decreased physical activity and vitamin D deficiency are some of the major factors leading to bone loss. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may also contribute to low bone mineral density (BMD). However, definite conclusions regarding the exact prevalence and pathogenesis of osteoporosis cannot be conducted yet, due to the small sample size and significant heterogeneity among studies. Discordant findings with regard to the skeletal site of low BMD have also been reported. Furthermore, data on fracture risk are sparse. The use of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) for assessing fracture risk, regular BMD assessment at the age of 25 and thereafter, careful evaluation of risk factors associated with bone loss and optimal calcium and vitamin D intake are recommended. Long‐term prophylactic factor replacement therapy, resistance exercise and bisphosphonates, in severe cases of increased fracture risk, can prevent bone loss.
Effect of alternate night nocturnal home hemodialysis on anemia control in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Poon Clara K. Y. , Tang Hon‐Lok , Wong Joseph H. S. , Law Wai‐Ping , Lam Chung‐Man , Yim Ka‐Fai , Cheuk Au , Lee William , Chau Ka‐Foon , Tong Matthew K. L. , Fung Samuel K. S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNocturnal home hemodialysis (NHHD) has shown promising results in various clinical parameters. Whether NHHD provide benefit in anemia management remains controversial. This study aims to investigate whether anemia and erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA) requirement are improved in patients receiving alternate night NHHD compared with conventional hemodialysis (CHD). In this retrospective controlled study, a clinical data of 23 patients receiving NHHD were compared with 25 in‐center CHD patients. Hemoglobin level, ESA requirement, iron profile, and dialysis adequacy indexes were compared between the two groups. Hemoglobin level increased from baseline of 9.37 ± 1.39 g/dL to 11.34 ± 2.41 g/dL at 24 months (P < 0.001) and ESA requirement decreased from 103.44 ± 53.55 U/kg/week to 47.33 ± 50.62 U/kg/week (P < 0.001) in NHHD patients. ESA requirement further reduced after the first year of NHHD (P = 0.037). Standard Kt/V increased from baseline of 2.02 ± 0.28 to 3.52 ± 0.30 at 24 months (P < 0.001). At 24 months, hemoglobin level increased by 1.98 ± 2.74 g/dL in the NHHD group while it decreased by 0.20 ± 2.32 g/dL in the CHD group (P = 0.007). ESA requirement decreased by 53.49 ± 55.50 U/kg/week in NHHD patients whereas it increased by 16.22 ± 50.01 U/kg/week in CHD patients (P < 0.001). Twenty‐six percent of NHHD patients were able to stop ESA compared with none in the CHD group. Standard Kt/V showed greater increase in the NHHD group. (1.49 ± 0.36 in NHHD vs. 0.18 ± 0.31 in CHD, P = 0.005). NHHD with an alternate night schedule improves anemia and reduces ESA requirement as a result of enhanced uremic clearance. This benefit extended beyond the first year of NHHD.
Increased T‐cell turnover is associated with spondyloarthritis in virally suppressed patients with HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Lu I‐N , Meyer‐Olson D , Stoll M , Witte T , Schmidt RE , Baerlecken NT 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesSpondyloarthritis (SpA) is one of the most frequently observed inflammatory joint diseases in HIV‐1‐seropositive patients. T‐cells were described frequently as one of the major driving forces in SpA, therefore we tried to look for T‐cell aberrancies in our HIV‐positive patients with SpA.MethodsA total of 1098 files for HIV‐positive patients who attended the HIV out‐patient clinic of the Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology at the Medical University Hanover for at least one visit between January 2004 and December 2010 were screened for the presence of a diagnosis of SpA. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to investigate aberrancies in T‐cell homeostasis induced by HIV‐1 in these subjects.ResultsThe prevalence of SpA in the HIV‐positive patients was 1.6% (18 of 1098). Interestingly, the percentage of patients with SpA who were human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐B27 negative in our HIV‐positive cohort was 80%. Despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and viral suppression, an incomplete immune recovery of T‐cell naïve/memory distribution and turnover, as identified by intracellular Ki‐67 expression, was observed in HIV‐positive patients with SpA.ConclusionsIndependent of HLA‐B27 status and despite cART, HIV‐positive patients can develop SpA and exhibit an increased T‐cell turnover rate.