bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descriptions of five new eriophyoid mite species of the Diptilomiopidae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea) from Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: RAJPUT SHAHJAHAN , LI HAO-SEN , XUE XIAO-FENG , HONG XIAO-YUE 
Published: September 2015

Five new eriophyoid mite species from Zhejiang Province, China are described and illustrated: Diptacus coreanus sp. nov. from Litsea coreana H. Lév. (Lauraceae), Neorhynacus camphoratus sp. nov. from Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl (Lauraceae), Rhinotergum boehmerius sp. nov. from Boehmeria gracilis C.H. Wright (Urticaceae), Rhyncaphytoptus cathayensis sp. nov from Carya cathayensis Sarg. (Juglandaceae) and Rhyncaphytoptus lanceolatus sp. nov. from Cunnighamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook (Cupressaceae). All species were vagrant on their host plants with no visible damage observed.
Evaluating Satellite-Based Diurnal Cycles of Precipitation in the African Tropics
Authors: Pfeifroth Uwe , Trentmann Jörg , Fink Andreas H. , Ahrens Bodo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrecipitation plays a major role in the energy and water cycles of the earth. Because of its variable nature, consistent observations of global precipitation are challenging. Satellite-based precipitation datasets present an alternative to in situ–based datasets in areas sparsely covered by ground stations. These datasets are a unique tool for model evaluations, but the value of satellite-based precipitation datasets depends on their application and scale. Numerous validation studies considered monthly or daily time scales, while less attention is given to subdaily scales. In this study subdaily satellite-based rainfall data are analyzed in West Africa, a region with strong diurnal variability. Several satellite-based precipitation datasets are validated, including Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), TRMM 3G68 products, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), and Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) data. As a reference, highly resolved in situ data from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis–Couplage de l’Atmosphere Tropical et du Cycle Hydrologique (AMMA-CATCH) are used. As a result, overall the satellite products capture the diurnal cycles of precipitation and its variability as observed on the ground reasonably well. CMORPH and TMPA data show overall good results. For locally induced convective rainfall in the evening most satellite data show slight delays in peak precipitation of up to 2 h.
Impacts of Updraft Size and Dimensionality on the Perturbation Pressure and Vertical Velocity in Cumulus Convection. Part II: Comparison of Theoretical and Numerical Solutions and Fully Dynamical Simulations
Authors: Morrison Hugh 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This paper compares simple theoretical expressions relating vertical velocity, perturbation pressure, updraft size, and dimensionality for cumulus convection, derived in Part I, with numerical solutions of the anelastic buoyant perturbation pressure Poisson equation and vertical velocity w. A range of thermal buoyancy profiles representing shallow to deep moist convection are tested for both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) updrafts. The theoretical expressions give similar results for w and perturbation pressure difference from updraft top to base Δp compared to the numerical solutions over a wide range of updraft radius R. The theoretical expressions are also consistent with 2D and 3D fully dynamical updraft simulations initiated by warm bubbles of varying width.
Implications for nonhydrostatic modeling in the “gray zone,” with a horizontal grid spacing Δx of O(1–10) km where convection is generally underresolved, are discussed. The theoretical and numerical solutions give a scaling of updraft velocity with R (~Δx) consistent with fully dynamical 2D and 3D simulations in the gray zone, with a rapid decrease of maximum w at relatively small R and a slower decrease at large R. These results suggest that an incorrect representation of perturbation pressure may be an important contributor to biases in convective strength at these resolutions. The theoretical solutions also provide a concise physical interpretation of the “virtual mass” coefficient in convection parameterizations and can be easily incorporated into these schemes to provide a consistent scaling of perturbation pressure effects with R, updraft height, and the buoyancy profile.
Role of North Pacific Mixed Layer in the Response of SST Annual Cycle to Global Warming
Authors: Chen Changlin , Wang Guihua 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The annual cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific Ocean is examined in terms of its response to global warming based on climate model simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). As the global ocean warms up, the SST in the North Pacific generally tends to increase and the warming is greater in summer than in winter, leading to a significant intensification of SST annual cycle. The mixed layer temperature equation is used to examine the mechanism of this intensification. Results show that the decrease of mixed layer depth (MLD) in summer is the main reason behind the intensification of SST annual cycle. Because the MLD in summer is much shallower than that in winter, the incoming net heat flux is trapped in a thinner surface layer in summer, causing a warmer summer SST and the amplification of SST annual cycle. The change of the SST annual cycle in the North Pacific may have profound ecological impacts.
Cricoarytenoid Articulation in Elderly Japanese With Special Reference to Morphology of the Synovial Tissue
Authors: Kawamoto-Hirano Ai , Honkura Yohei , Shibata Shunichi , Abe Shin-ichi , Murakami Gen , Katori Yukio 
Published: September 2015

Objective: To clarify composite fibers and cells in the synovial tissues of the cricoarytenoid joint (CA joint). Methods: Routine histology and immunohistrochemistry using sagittal or nearly sagittal sections obtained from 18 elderly cadaveric specimens. Results: The CA joint capsule was thin and contained few elastic fibers. A limited supportive ligament, namely, a thickened fascia of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, was sometimes evident on the lateral aspect of the CA joint. However, even in the weaker medial aspect of the joint, no marked destruction of the synovial tissues was found. The CA joint always contained synovial folds—a short medial fold and long lateral folds—but these contained no or few macrophages, lymphocytes, and blood capillaries. In 2 exceptional specimens showing inflammatory cell infiltration in the submucosal tissue of the larynx, the macrophage-rich area extended toward the capsule and medial synovial fold. Conclusions: The lateral aspect of the CA joint was likely to be supported mechanically by the muscle-associated tissues. Strong support of the arytenoid by muscles might reduce the degree of CA joint injury with age. However, some patients with hoarseness due to mucosal inflammation of the larynx might have accompanying synovitis and subsequent cartilage injury in the CA joint.
Effect of Arthroscopic Stabilization on In Vivo Glenohumeral Joint Motion and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Anterior Instability
Authors: Peltz Cathryn D. , Baumer Timothy G. , Mende Veronica , Ramo Nicole , Mehran Nima , Moutzouros Vasilios , Bey Michael J. 
Published: September 2015

Background: Glenohumeral joint (GHJ) dislocations are common, and the resulting shoulder instability is often treated with arthroscopic stabilization. These procedures result in favorable clinical outcomes, but abnormal GHJ motion may persist, which may place patients at risk for developing osteoarthritis. However, the effects of shoulder instability and arthroscopic stabilization on GHJ motion are not well understood. Hypothesis: GHJ motion is significantly influenced by anterior instability and arthroscopic stabilization, but postsurgical measures of GHJ motion are not different from those of control subjects. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: In vivo GHJ motion was measured by applying a computed tomographic model-based tracking technique to biplane radiographic images acquired during an apprehension test in healthy control subjects (n = 11) and anterior instability patients (n = 11). Patients were tested before surgery and at 6 months after surgery. Control subjects were tested once. Shoulder strength, active range of motion (ROM), and the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability (WOSI) index were also measured. Results: Before surgery, the humerus of the instability patients during the apprehension test was located significantly more anteriorly on the glenoid (7.9% of glenoid width; 2.1 mm) compared with that of the controls ( P = .03), but arthroscopic stabilization moved this joint contact location posteriorly on the glenoid (4.7% of glenoid width; 1.1 mm; P = .03). After surgery, GHJ excursion during the apprehension test was significantly lower (14.7% of glenoid width; 3.6 mm) compared with presurgical values (19.4% of glenoid width; 4.7 mm; P = .01) and with that of the controls (22.4% of glenoid width; 5.7 mm; P = .01). The external and internal rotation strength of patients was significantly lower than that of the controls before surgery ( P < .05), but differences in strength did not persist after surgery ( P > .17). External rotation ROM in patients was significantly lower than that in control subjects both before and after arthroscopic stabilization ( P < .01). The WOSI score improved significantly, from 48.3 ± 13.1 presurgery to 86.3 ± 16.5 after surgery ( P = .0002). Conclusion: In patients with anterior instability, arthroscopic stabilization significantly improves measures of strength, ROM, and clinical outcome. However, GHJ excursion is not fully restored to levels seen in the control subjects. Clinical Relevance: Although arthroscopic stabilization satisfactorily restores most clinical outcome measures, GHJ excursion and external rotation ROM remain compromised compared with healthy control subjects and may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis in patients with anterior instability.
Developing the Next Generation of Globally Responsible Leaders
Authors: Williams Sue , Turnbull Sharon 
Published: September 2015

The Problem Middlebrooks, Miltenberger, Tweedy, Newman, and Follman note that leaders from the next generation need to both understand sustainability and have the capabilities to guide others in achieving the vision of a greener future. The purpose of this article is to discuss how Generation Y (Gen Y), who are currently moving into leadership positions worldwide, perceive the concepts of the greening of society. It then reflects on whether there are implications for Human Resource Development in developing the relevant skills and reflexive knowledge to lead in a sustainable way. The Solution Our article proposes that deeper understanding of the experiences, attitudes, values, and behaviors of this generation in relation to environmental and social issues will enable HRD practitioners to develop a more effective sustainable approach to the education, training, and development of this group over their career span. The article draws on written assignments from two groups of Gen Ys, one group had written essays on sustainable leadership as part of a selection process for a global organization’s conference on responsible leadership, the other were from a group of final year undergraduates on a business studies program at a U.K. university. The Stakeholders A very important group of stakeholders are the HRD academics and practitioners who wish to be in the vanguard of developing the ethos, capability, and behaviors that will enable Gen Y to actively promote and lead globally responsible organizations in the future. In addition, researchers interested in generational differences, leaders and other HR practitioners who recruit Gen Y employees as well as Gen Y people themselves who might wish to reflect on their approach to work may all find some resonance within this discussion.
The implementation of an early rehabilitation program is associated with reduced length of stay: A multi-ICU study
Authors: Wahab Romina , Yip Natalie H , Chandra Subani , Nguyen Michael , Pavlovich Katherine H , Benson Thomas , Vilotijevic Denise , Rodier Danielle M , Patel Komal R , Rychcik Patricia , Perez-Mir Ernesto , Boyle Suzanne M , Berlin David , Needham Dale M , Brodie Daniel 
Published: September 2015

Introduction Survivors of critical illness face many potential long-term sequelae. Prior studies showed that early rehabilitation in the intensive care unit (ICU) reduces physical impairment and decreases ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS). However, these studies are based on a single ICU or were conducted with a small subset of all ICU patients. We examined the effect of an early rehabilitation program concurrently implemented in multiple ICUs on ICU and hospital LOS. Methods An early rehabilitation program was systematically implemented in five ICUs at the sites of two affiliated academic institutions. We retrospectively compared ICU and hospital LOS in the year before (1/2011–12/2011) and after (1/2012–12/2012) implementation. Results In the pre- and post-implementation periods, respectively, there were a total of 3945 and 4200 ICU admissions among the five ICUs. After implementation, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients who received more rehabilitation treatments during their ICU stay ( p < 0.001). The mean number of rehabilitation treatments per ICU patient-day increased from 0.16 to 0.72 ( p < 0.001). In the post-implementation period, four of the five ICUs had a statistically significant decrease in mean ICU LOS among all patients. The overall decrease in mean ICU LOS across all five ICUs was 0.4 days (6.9%) (5.8 versus 5.4 days, p < 0.001). Across all five ICUs, there were 255 (6.5%) more admissions in the post-implementation period. The mean hospital LOS for patients from the five ICUs also decreased by 5.4% (14.7 vs. 13.9 days, p < 0.001). Conclusions A multi-ICU, coordinated implementation of an early rehabilitation program markedly increased rehabilitation treatments in the ICU and was associated with reduced ICU and hospital LOS as well as increased ICU admissions.
Natural history and outcome of light chain deposition disease
Authors: Sayed Rabya H. , Wechalekar Ashutosh D. , Gilbertson Janet A. , Bass Paul , Mahmood Shameem , Sachchithanantham Sajitha , Fontana Marianna , Patel Ketna , Whelan Carol J. , Lachmann Helen J. , Hawkins Philip N. , Gillmore Julian D. 
Published: September 2015

Key PointsDeep clonal responses to chemotherapy are associated with improved renal and overall outcomes in patients with light chain deposition disease. Deep clonal responses should be targeted, even in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease from light chain deposition disease.
Impaired signaling through the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor increases osteoclast formation and bone damage in arthritis
Authors: Svensson Mattias N D , Erlandsson Malin C , Jonsson Ing-Marie , Andersson Karin M E , Bokarewa Maria I 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that accumulate in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis causing severe bone damage. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand is enriched in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and local exposure to Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand aggravates arthritis in mice. Because Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand has been suggested to facilitate osteoclast differentiation, we asked whether Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand affects bone remodeling in arthritis. The effect of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 signaling on osteoclast development was studied by immunohistochemistry in methylated bovine serum albumin–induced arthritis using mice that lack the gene for Flt3l (Flt3L−/−) and by an in vitro assay. Bone and joint changes were studied morphologically and by microcomputer tomography. We found that Flt3L−/− mice had increased accumulations of osteoclasts in the periarticular area of the arthritic joint. This triggered bone destruction and trabecular bone loss. The increased number of osteoclasts in Flt3L−/− mice may be a consequence of insufficient expression of interferon regulatory factor 8. Treatment of Flt3L−/− mice with Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand increased expression of interferon regulatory factor 8, reduced the number of osteoclasts in arthritic mice, and promoted trabecular bone formation. Finally, the reduced number of regulatory T cells in the bone marrow of Flt3L−/− mice could further contribute to the increased osteoclastogenesis by reducing the ratio of regulatory T cells to T helper 17 cells. This study shows that Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand may serve as a negative regulator of osteoclast development by promoting transcription of interferon regulatory factor 8 and sustaining a balance between protective regulatory T cells and pathogenic T helper 17 cells in the pathogenesis of arthritis.
An iterative method for the accurate determination of airborne gravity horizontal components using strapdown inertial navigation system/global navigation satellite system
Authors: Cai Shaokun , Zhang Kaidong , Wu Meiping , Huang Yangming , Yang Yapeng 
Published: September 2015

In strapdown inertial navigation system and global navigation satellite system-based airborne gravimetry, there is a circular problem between the navigation solution and the gravity vector estimation. On one hand, the gravity vector estimation depends on the navigation solution. On the other hand, the navigation solution requires a predetermined gravity model. The normal gravity, which differs from the actual gravity by an amount known as the gravity disturbance, is commonly used for the navigation solution, and this will result in errors of gravimetry. We reviewed this problem and found that an iterative method can be effective if there were no gyroscope biases in the inertial navigation system measurements. Iteratively, the differences between the estimated gravity vector and actual gravity vector can converge to constant values in this specific condition. If we know the gravity values at the endpoints of each survey line, these constant values can be compensated for by matching these endpoints. After such compensations, the repeatability of the estimated horizontal gravity components can be improved significantly. An application to real airborne data was performed to test the validity of the new method. The results yielded an internal accuracy in the horizontal component of approximately 3 mGal with a spatial resolution of 4.8 km.
Effect of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Prevention and Treatment of Invasive Fungal Disease in Recipients of Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Phase IV Trial
Authors: Wan Liping , Zhang Yicheng , Lai Yongrong , Jiang Ming , Song Yongping , Zhou Jianfeng , Zhang Zhongming , Duan Xianlin , Fu Yuewen , Liao Lianming , Wang Chun 
Published: September 2015

PurposeFor recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (alloHSCT), we hypothesized that prophylactic therapy during neutropenia with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) decreases invasive fungal disease (IFD).Patients and MethodsWe randomly assigned 206 patients undergoing alloHSCT to receive once-daily subcutaneous GM-CSF (5 to 7 μg/kg per day), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; 5 to 7 μg/kg per day), or a combination of G-CSF and GM-CSF (2 to 3 μg/kg per day each). Treatment was started on day 5 after transplantation and was continued until the absolute neutrophil count was ≥ 1.5 × 109/L for 2 consecutive days. The primary outcomes were 100-day incidence of proven and probable IFD and response rate of antifungal treatment.ResultsFor the intent-to-treat population, there was no significant difference in 100-day incidences of proven and probable IFD among the three groups. The antifungal treatment response was better in the GM-CSF group and G-CSF+GM-CSF group than in G-CSF group from day 22 to day 100 (P = .009). The 100-day cumulative mortality after transplantation was lower in the GM-CSF group than in the G-CSF group (10.3% v 24.6%, respectively; P = .037). The GM-CSF and G-CSF+GM-CSF groups had lower 100-day transplantation-related mortality than the G-CSF group (8.8%, 8.7%, and 21.7%, respectively; P = .034). After a median follow-up of 600 days, IFD-related mortality was lower in the groups that received GM-CSF or G-CSF+GM-CSF compared with G-CSF (1.47%, 1.45%, and 11.59%, respectively; P = .016). There were no significant differences in relapse, graft-versus-host disease, or hemorrhage-related mortality among the three groups of patients.ConclusionFor recipients of alloHSCT, compared with G-CSF, prophylactic GM-CSF was associated with lower 100-day transplantation-related mortality, lower 100-day cumulative mortality, and lower 600-day IFD-related mortality.
International Atomic Energy Agency Randomized Phase III Study of Radiation Therapy in Elderly and/or Frail Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Roa Wilson , Kepka Lucyna , Kumar Narendra , Sinaika Valery , Matiello Juliana , Lomidze Darejan , Hentati Dalenda , Guedes de Castro Douglas , Dyttus-Cebulok Katarzyna , Drodge Suzanne , Ghosh Sunita , Jeremić Branislav , Rosenblatt Eduardo , Fidarova Elena 
Published: September 2015

Purpose The optimal radiotherapy regimen for elderly and/or frail patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma remains to be established. This study compared two radiotherapy regimens on the outcome of these patients. Patients and Methods Between 2010 and 2013, 98 patients (frail = age ≥ 50 years and Karnofsky performance status [KPS] of 50% to 70%; elderly and frail = age ≥ 65 years and KPS of 50% to 70%; elderly = age ≥ 65 years and KPS of 80% to 100%) were prospectively randomly assigned to two arms in a 1:1 ratio, stratified by age (< and ≥ 65 years old), KPS, and extent of surgical resection. Arm 1 received short-course radiotherapy (25 Gy in five daily fractions over 1 week), and arm 2 received commonly used radiotherapy (40 Gy in 15 daily fractions over 3 weeks). Results The short-course radiotherapy was noninferior to commonly used radiotherapy. The median overall survival time was 7.9 months (95% CI, 6.3 to 9.6 months) in arm 1 and 6.4 months (95% CI, 5.1 to 7.6 months) in arm 2 (P = .988). Median progression-free survival time was 4.2 months (95% CI, 2.5 to 5.9) in arm 1 and 4.2 months (95% CI, 2.6 to 5.7) in arm B (P = .716). With a median follow-up time of 6.3 months, the quality of life between both arms at 4 weeks after treatment and 8 weeks after treatment was not different. Conclusion There were no differences in overall survival time, progression-free survival time, and quality of life between patients receiving the two radiotherapy regimens. In view of the reduced treatment time, the short 1-week radiotherapy regimen may be recommended as a treatment option for elderly and/or frail patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.