bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofouling and biomineralization of tubular concretions attached to Longquan celadon from Shengbeiyu shipwreck, China (14th Century CE): a multi-analytical case study
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Li Yu , Zha Jianrui , Han Xiangna , Wang Hao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive multi-analytical investigation was conducted on a piece of Longquan celadon excavated from the Shengbeiyu shipwreck site in the East China Sea. This study focused on a representative type of tubular bio-concretions attached to the submerged celadon, believed to have been formed through the construction activities of a marine tubeworm belonging to the benthic phylum of Polychaeta Annelids. The research examined the microstructure, composition and adhesion form of these tubular bio-concretions, aiming to elucidate their developmental and attachment patterns from a biomineralization and biofouling perspective. The tubular bio-concretions were found to have a bimineralic composition, with notably higher content of aragonite than calcite, and display diverse yet highly ordered microstructures. The presence of organic matter within the bio-concretions indicates an organic matrix-controlled crystallization model, commonly observed in the construction of benthic calcareous tubes. Microscopic analyses revealed the primary degradation microstructures and corresponding phases of the glaze to which calcareous tubes attached. These findings closely resembled the corrosion characteristics observed in submerged ceramic glaze without bio-concretion attachments, as documented in earlier studies. OM and SEM observations also indicated that the calcareous tubes intricately intermeshed with the cracked glaze layer of the celadon. Additionally, Raman spectroscopic analysis detected the presence of proteins at the interface, likely residual adhesives secreted by fouling organisms to cement themselves to the settlement substrata, suggesting the occurrence of organic-mediated bio-adhesion mechanisms. These results shed new light on the formation process of bio-concretions and their interaction with attached underwater ceramics. A simplified formation mechanism of this biologically-induced degradation has been discussed.
Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Lv Bin , Lan Jin-Xin , Si Yan-Fang , Ren Yi-Fan , Li Ming-Yu , Guo Fang-Fang , Tang Ge , Bian Yang , Wang Xiao-Hui , Zhang Rong-Ju , Du Zhi-Hua , Liu Xin-Feng , Yu Sheng-Yuan , Tian Cheng-Lin , Cao Xiang-Yu , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke characterized by high mortality and low rates of full recovery. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of SAH between 1990 and 2021.

Methods
Data on SAH incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to evaluate changes in the age-standardized rate (ASR) of incidence and mortality, as well as trends in SAH burden. The relationship between disease burden and sociodemographic index (SDI) was also analyzed.

Results
In 2021, the incidence of SAH was found to be 37.09% higher than that in 1990; however, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) showed a decreased [EAPC: -1.52; 95% uncertainty interval (UI) -1.66 to -1.37]. Furthermore, both the number and rates of deaths and DALYs decreased over time. It was observed that females had lower rates compared to males. Among all regions, the high-income Asia Pacific region exhibited the highest ASIR (14.09/100,000; 95% UI 12.30/100,000 − 16.39/100,000) in 2021, with an EPAC for ASIR < 0 indicating decreasing trend over time for SAH ASIR. Oceania recorded the highest age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and age-standardized DALYs rates among all regions in 2021 at values of respectively 8.61 (95% UI 6.03 − 11.95) and 285.62 (95% UI 209.42 − 379.65). The burden associated with SAH primarily affected individuals aged between 50 − 69 years old. Metabolic risks particularly elevated systolic blood pressure were identified as the main risk factors contributing towards increased disease burden associated with SAH when compared against environmental or occupational behavioral risks evaluated within the GBD framework.

Conclusions
The burden of SAH varies by gender, age group, and geographical region. Although the ASRs have shown a decline over time, the burden of SAH remains significant, especially in regions with middle and low-middle SDI levels. High systolic blood pressure stands out as a key risk factor for SAH. More specific supportive measures are necessary to alleviate the global burden of SAH.
Trends, patterns, and outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) use among patients with early invasive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Authors: Jackson Inimfon , Lei Xiudong , Malinowski Catalina , Giordano Sharon H. , Chavez-MacGregor Mariana 
Published: July 2024

602 Background: TNBC is associated with clinically aggressive behavior and poorer survival outcomes. Among patients with TNBC, the use of NACT offers several advantages including improved outcomes among those who achieve a pathological complete response (pCR). We examined the patterns of NACT use, trends of pCR, and the association between pCR and overall survival (OS) in a large cohort of patients. Methods: Patients ≥18 years with stage I-III TNBC diagnosed between 2010-2020 who underwent surgery and received chemotherapy were identified in the National Cancer Database. Trends in NACT use and pCR were assessed using multivariable logistic regression and the Cochran-Armitage test for time trends. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with pCR. The impact of pCR on OS was examined using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model with propensity score (PS) adjustment and by PS matching (1:1 matching performed by exact year of diagnosis and clinical stage). Results: Of 133,437 patients with TNBC who received chemotherapy, 30.75% received NACT. The rate NACT receipt increased from 19% in 2010 to 44.7% in 2020 (p<0.001). Among patients with NACT, pCR rates increased from 19.8% in 2010 to 35.6% in 2020 (p<0.001). Patients treated with chemotherapy between 2014-2017 (aOR=1.89; 95% CI 1.84–1.95) or 2018-2020 (aOR= 2.89; 95% CI 2.79–2.99) were more likely to receive NACT than those treated in 2010-2013. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Black patients were less likely (aOR=0.86; 95% CI 0.83–0.89) to receive NACT. Among patients who received NACT, treatment receipt between 2014-2017 (aOR=1.41; 95% CI 1.33–1.50) or 2018-2020 (aOR= 1.86; 95% CI 1.76–1.98) was associated with higher odds of achieving pCR relative to treatment receipt between 2010-2013. Black patients were less likely (aOR=0.87; 95% CI 0.83–0.94) to achieve a pCR relative to White patients. Other factors associated with NACT receipt and pCR rates were age, cancer stage, comorbidity, type of insurance, income, and facility type. Among patients treated with NACT, pCR was associated with lower risk of death (aHR= 0.26; 95% CI 0.24–0.29). Based on matched pairs, the 5-year OS in patients who achieved pCR was 94% versus 77% among patients who did not (p<0.001). Conclusions: The use of NACT among patients with TNBC has dramatically increased in the last decade. We observed an increase in pCR which is likely associated with improved cancer therapy regimens and use of NACT in patients with low burden disease. Our findings highlight the importance of NACT use and the prognostic significance of pCR in this population. Although TNBC is more prevalent in Black patients, they were less likely to be treated with NACT and less likely to achieve a pCR. Additional studies are needed to explore disparities in NACT receipt and how to address these to further improve survival outcomes.
Longitudinal stereotactic injections of oncolytic immunoactivating rQNestin34.5v.2 (CAN-3110) with concomitant biopsies for “-omic” analyses in recurrent glioblastoma (GBM).
Authors: Reardon David A. 
Published: July 2024

TPS2097 Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor remains incurable. Numerous clinical trials of highly promising treatment modalities have not met efficacy objectives to support regulatory approval. One limitation in trial evaluation has been the lack of tumor sampled at various timepoints during therapy to allow analyses of the treatment’s effect. Sequential biopsies have not been pursued due to possible morbidity, relative surgical inaccessibility of GBM within the brain, and quality and quantity of stereotactic biopsies to permit detailed analyses. We hypothesized that the convergence of modern neurosurgical techniques and imaging with sophisticated “omics” analyses would overcome these limitations. Methods: A multi-institutional phase 1 clinical trial was started in recurrent GBM (rGBM) patients treated with up to 6 stereotactic administrations of the oncolytic immunotherapy, rQNestin34.5v.2 (CAN-3110) (Ling et al. Nature, 2023) over 4 months (day 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120) with concomitant multisector biopsies. Two cohorts of 1 x108 pfu per injection and 1 x 109 pfus per injection of rQnestin34.5v.2 are planned for a total of 6 patients per cohort using a Bayesian optimal interval (BOIN) design for dose escalation. Before each injection, multiregional sector biopsies of rGBM are undertaken and the biopsies are processed for “-omic” analyses, including single cell RNA sequencing, proteomics/phosphoproteomic/immunopeptidomics, metabolomics, spatial transcriptomics and cell profiles as well as other technologies. In addition, concomitant CSF and blood analyses are performed at the same time to longitudinally correlate biofluid markers with the treated rGBM tissues. So far, 6 patients have accrued, completing cohort 1 without experiencing DLT or SAE from the injected oncolytic rQNestin34.5v.2 and/or the multiple longitudinal procedures. A total of 316 longitudinal core biopsies were obtained from all 6 patients across the planned timepoints. The biopsies have been successfully processed for ongoing longitudinal scientific “-omic” data for the first 2 patients. Cohort 2 is scheduled to start enrollment in the spring of 2024 (NCT03152318). This abstract is submitted on behalf of the Break Through Cancer Accelerating Glioblastoma Therapies Team Lab (breakthroughcancer.org). Clinical trial information: NCT03152318 .
Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Genomic Variables Associated With Anatomic Location and Outcome
Authors: Preston William A. , Drill Esther , Boerner Thomas , Gelfer Rebecca , Harding James J. , O'Reilly Eileen M. , Cercek Andrea , Abou-Alfa Ghassan , Park Wungki , Balachandran Vinod P. , Drebin Jeffrey , Soares Kevin C. , Wei Alice , Kingham T. Peter , D'Angelica Michael I. , Jarnagin William R. 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE This study aimed to define genomic differences between perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PCA) and distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCA) and identify genomic determinants of survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients with ECA with tissue for targeted next-generation sequencing were analyzed, stratified by anatomic site (PCA/DCA), disease extent, and treatment. Associations between genomic alterations, clinicopathologic features, and outcomes were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression to compare survival. RESULTS In total, 224 patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2022 (n = 127 PCA; n = 97 DCA) met inclusion criteria. The median survival was 29 months (43 after resection and 17 from diagnosis for unresectable disease). Compared with PCA, DCA was enriched in TP53alt (alterations; 69% v 33%; Q < 0.01), epigenetic pathway alterations (45% v 29%; Q = 0.041), and had more total altered pathways (median 3 v 2; Q < 0.01). KRASalt frequency was similar between PCA (36%) and DCA (37%); however, DCA was enriched in KRAS G12D (19% v 9%; P = .002). No other clinicopathologic or genomic variables distinguished subtypes. In resected patients, no genomic alterations were associated with outcome. However, in unresectable patients, CDKN2Aalt (hazard ratio [HR], 2.59 [1.48 to 4.52]) and APCalt (HR, 5.11 [1.96 to 13.3]) were associated with reduced survival. For the entire cohort, irresectability (HR, 3.13 [2.25 to 4.36]), CDKN2Aalt (HR, 1.80 [1.80 to 2.68]), and APCalt (HR, 2.00 [1.04 to 3.87]) were associated with poor survival. CONCLUSION CDKN2Aalt and APCalt were associated with poor survival in ECA, primarily in advanced disease. As PCA and DCA were genetically similar, coanalysis of PCA and DCA in future genomic studies is reasonable.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intermediate (III) or High (IV-V) Spetzler-Martin Grade Arteriovenous Malformations: International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society Practice Guideline
Authors: Graffeo Christopher S. , Kotecha Rupesh , Sahgal Arjun , Fariselli Laura , Gorgulho Alessandra , Levivier Marc , Ma Lijun , Paddick Ian , Regis Jean , Sheehan Jason P. , Suh John H. , Yomo Shoji , Pollock Bruce E. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Consensus guidelines do not exist to guide the role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of patients with Spetzler-Martin Grade III-V arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We sought to establish SRS practice guidelines for Grade III-V AVMs based on a critical systematic review of the published literature.

METHODS:
A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant search of Medline, Embase, and Scopus, 1986 to 2023, for publications reporting post-SRS outcomes in ≥10 Grade III-V AVMs with the median follow-up ≥24 months was performed. Primary end points were AVM obliteration and post-SRS hemorrhage. Secondary end points included dosimetric variables, Spetzler-Martin parameters, and neurological outcome.

RESULTS
: In total, 2463 abstracts were screened, 196 manuscripts were reviewed, and 9 met the strict inclusion criteria. The overall sample of 1634 AVMs consisted of 1431 Grade III (88%), 186 Grade IV (11%), and 11 Grade V lesions (1%). Total median post-SRS follow-up was 53 months for Grade III and 43 months for Grade IV-V AVMs (ranges, 2-290; 12-262). For Grade III AVMs, the crude obliteration rate was 72%, and among Grade IV-V lesions, the crude obliteration rate was 46%. Post-SRS hemorrhage was observed in 7% of Grade III compared with 17% of Grade IV-V lesions. Major permanent deficits or death from hemorrhage or radiation-induced complications occurred in 86 Grade III (6%) and 22 Grade IV-V AVMs (12%).

CONCLUSION:
Most patients with Spetzler-Martin Grade III AVMs have favorable SRS treatment outcomes; however, the obliteration rate for Grade IV-V AVMs is less than 50%. The available studies are heterogenous and lack nuanced, long-term, grade-specific outcomes.
Evidence of 14-3-3 proteins contributing to kinetochore integrity and chromosome congression during mitosis
Authors: Anbalagan Guhan Kaliyaperumal , Agarwal Prakhar , Ghosh Santanu Kumar 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The 14-3-3 family of proteins are conserved across eukaryotes and serve myriad important regulatory functions in the cell. Homo- and hetero-dimers of these proteins mainly recognize their ligands via conserved motifs to modulate the localization and functions of those effector ligands. In most of the genetic backgrounds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, disruption of both 14-3-3 homologs (Bmh1 and Bmh2) are either lethal or cells survive with severe growth defects, including gross chromosomal missegregation and prolonged cell cycle arrest. To elucidate their contributions to chromosome segregation, in this work, we investigated their centromere- and kinetochore-related functions of Bmh1 and Bmh2. Analysis of appropriate deletion mutants shows that Bmh isoforms have cumulative and non-shared isoform-specific contributions in maintaining the proper integrity of the kinetochore ensemble. Consequently, Bmh mutant cells exhibited perturbations in kinetochore–microtubule (KT–MT) dynamics, characterized by kinetochore declustering, mis-localization of kinetochore proteins and Mad2-mediated transient G2/M arrest. These defects also caused an asynchronous chromosome congression in bmh mutants during metaphase. In summary, this report advances the knowledge on contributions of budding yeast 14-3-3 proteins in chromosome segregation by demonstrating their roles in kinetochore integrity and chromosome congression.
Gekko gecko as a model organism for understanding aspects of laryngeal vocal evolution
Authors: Gutjahr Ruth , Kéver Loïc , Jonsson Thorin , Talamantes Ontiveros Daniela , Chagnaud Boris P. , Herrel Anthony 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The ability to communicate through vocalization plays a key role in the survival of animals across all vertebrate groups. Although avian reptiles have received much attention relating to their stunning sound repertoire, non-avian reptiles have been wrongfully assumed to have less elaborate vocalization types, and little is known about the biomechanics of sound production and their underlying neural pathways in this group. We investigated alarm calls of Gekko gecko using audio and cineradiographic recordings. Acoustic analysis revealed three distinct call types: a sinusoidal call type (type 1); a train-like call type, characterized by distinct pulse trains (type 3); and an intermediate type, which showed both sinusoidal and pulse train components (type 2). Kinematic analysis of cineradiographic recordings showed that laryngeal movements differ significantly between respiratory and vocal behavior. During respiration, animals repeatedly moved their jaws to partially open their mouths, which was accompanied by small glottal movements. During vocalization, the glottis was pulled back, contrasting with what has previously been reported. In vitro retrograde tracing of the nerve innervating the laryngeal constrictor and dilator muscles revealed round to fusiform motoneurons in the hindbrain–spinal cord transition ipsilateral to the labeled nerve. Taken together, our observations provide insight into the alarm calls generated by G. gecko, the biomechanics of this sound generation and the underlying organization of motoneurons involved in the generation of vocalizations. Our observations suggest that G. gecko may be an excellent non-avian reptile model organism for enhancing our understanding of the evolution of vertebrate vocalization.
New records of rodent hosts for hard ticks in tropical forests of Yucatán, México: Implications for tick-borne diseases in human-modified landscapes
Authors: Palomo-Arjona Eduardo E. , Rodríguez-Luna César R. , Ibarra-López Martha P. , Aguilar-Domínguez Mariel , Dzul-Rosado Karla R. , Ibarra-Cerdeña Carlos N. 
Published: July 2024

Los roedores son reservorios de hasta 85 patógenos zoonóticos, algunos transmitidos por garrapatas. En la Península de Yucatán, México, garrapatas de los géneros Amblyomma e Ixodes están asociadas a 4 especies de roedores. Aquí presentamos nuevos registros de roedores hospederos para garrapatas de estos géneros en Yucatán. Entre junio 2021–marzo 2022, se utilizaron trampas Sherman para la captura de roedores en la Reserva Estatal Biocultural del Puuc, Yucatán, México. Se establecieron 12 cuadrantes de 50 trampas en sitios con diferente nivel de intervención antrópica. Los roedores fueron inspeccionados por ectoparásitos y las garrapatas fueron colectadas usando pinzas entomológicas y preservadas en etanol al 70 %. Capturamos 160 individuos de 6 especies de roedores en 5,400 noches/trampa. Las especies más capturadas fueron Heteromys gaumeri (n = 60) y Sigmodon toltecus (n = 44), y la menos representada fue Handleyomys rostratus (n = 1). Recuperamos 492 garrapatas identificando a Amblyomma mixtum, parasitando a H. rostratus, H. gaumeri y S. toltecus; Ixodes cf. Ixodes affinis, parasitando a H. gaumeri e Ixodes sp. parasitando a S. toltecus. Reportamos, por primera vez en México, a H. rostratus y S. toltecus como hospederos de garrapatas de Amblyomma mixtum, y el primer registro de Ixodes cf. Ixodes affinis en H. gaumeri e Ixodes sp. en S. toltecus en la Península de Yucatán. La presencia de garrapatas vectores de patógenos zoonóticos entre roedores reservorios refleja el riesgo latente de propagación de enfermedades hacia el ser humano y sus animales domésticos en la región.
Nonendoscopic Screening for Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in At-Risk Veterans
Authors: Greer Katarina B. , Blum Andrew E. , Faulx Ashley L. , Deming Erica M. , Hricik Lauren L. , Siddiqui Hinnah , Wilson Brigid M. , Chak Amitabh 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Although rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in the United States continue to rise, many patients at risk of disease are not screened. EsoCheck (EC), a nonendoscopic esophageal balloon sampling device coupled with EsoGuard (EG), a DNA-based screening assay, is an US Food and Drug Administration-approved minimally invasive alternative to the traditional screening method of upper endoscopy. The objective of this study was to prospectively determine the diagnostic accuracy, tolerance, and acceptability of the EC/EG test in a screening population.

METHODS:
We recruited veterans who met the American College of Gastroenterology Guideline criteria for endoscopic Barrett's esophagus (BE) and EAC screening at the Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center. All study participants completed unsedated EC-guided distal esophageal sampling followed by a sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Diagnostic yield of the EG assay and EGD was recorded and used in calculation of sensitivity and specificity of EC/EG in prospective screening. The abbreviated Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire was administered before and after completion of EC. Overall tolerance of EC sampling was evaluated on a 10-point Likert scale.

RESULTS:
Esophageal cancer screening was accepted by 130 of 782 eligible veterans (16.6%), and we analyzed results of those who completed both screening tests (N = 124). Prevalence of BE/EAC among studied veterans was 12.9% (16/124), based on EGD. Sensitivity and specificity of EC/EG for EGD-detected BE/EAC were 92.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 66.1–99.8) and 72.2% (95% CI 62.1–80.8), respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 32.5% (95% CI 18.6–49.1) and 98.6% (95% CI 92.4–100), respectively. Baseline Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 scores were reflective of notable levels of anxiety among veterans in the periprocedural setting. The mean postprocedure acceptability score for the EC test was 7.23 (SD 2.45).

DISCUSSION:
Our data suggest excellent sensitivity and negative predictive value of EC/EG in a screening population of veterans, making this modality a powerful screening tool for BE and EAC.