bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Unilateralism Always Bad? Negotiation Lessons from Israel's “Unilateral” Gaza Withdrawal
Authors: Mnookin Robert H. , Eiran Ehud , Gilad Shula 
Published: April 2014

Using the 2005 unilateral Israeli withdrawal from Gaza as a case study, this article exposes an apparent paradox: circumstances may exist in which an outcome that serves the interests of parties to a conflict cannot be achieved through bilateral negotiation but can be achieved by unilateral action. Although the withdrawal was seen at the time as serving the interests of both the Israeli government and the Palestinians, we argue that the same result could not have been achieved through bilateral negotiations. “Behind‐the‐table” internal conflicts on each side would have made it impossible for the leaders to agree on the scope of these negotiations.Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's success in implementing his Gaza withdrawal was attributable in significant measure to his ability to maintain ambiguity about his long‐run plans for the West Bank. Only by focusing attention on Gaza was he able to build the necessary coalition to implement the controversial move. The Palestinian leaders, on the other hand, could never have agreed to come to the table to negotiate about Gaza alone — they would have insisted that the scope of any negotiations address a broad range of final status issues.In this article, we identify some of the lessons that the Gaza example teaches regarding the utility and limits of unilateralism as well as the benefits and potential costs of employing ambiguity as a strategy to help accomplish a controversial move. Finally, we also explore the aftermath of the withdrawal and its many missed opportunities for improving the outcome. We suggest that, even when acting unilaterally, leaders should carefully consider the probable impact of their actions on the internal conflicts of their adversaries.
Abiotic and biotic stress combinations
Authors: Suzuki Nobuhiro , Rivero Rosa M. , Shulaev Vladimir , Blumwald Eduardo , Mittler Ron 
Published: April 2014

SummaryEnvironmental stress conditions such as drought, heat, salinity, cold, or pathogen infection can have a devastating impact on plant growth and yield under field conditions. Nevertheless, the effects of these stresses on plants are typically being studied under controlled growth conditions in the laboratory. The field environment is very different from the controlled conditions used in laboratory studies, and often involves the simultaneous exposure of plants to more than one abiotic and/or biotic stress condition, such as a combination of drought and heat, drought and cold, salinity and heat, or any of the major abiotic stresses combined with pathogen infection. Recent studies have revealed that the response of plants to combinations of two or more stress conditions is unique and cannot be directly extrapolated from the response of plants to each of the different stresses applied individually. Moreover, the simultaneous occurrence of different stresses results in a high degree of complexity in plant responses, as the responses to the combined stresses are largely controlled by different, and sometimes opposing, signaling pathways that may interact and inhibit each other. In this review, we will provide an update on recent studies focusing on the response of plants to a combination of different stresses. In particular, we will address how different stress responses are integrated and how they impact plant growth and physiological traits.

Contents

Summary
32

I.
Introduction
32

II.
Effects of stress combination on growth, yield and physiological traits in plants and crops
34

III.
The complexity of stress response signaling during stress combination
38

IV.
Conclusions
39

Acknowledgements
41

References
41
Geometric morphometric evaluations of a randomized prospective split‐mouth study on modes of ligation and reverse‐curve mechanics
Authors: Čelar A. G. , Onodera K. , Bertl M. H. , Astl E. , Bantleon H.‐P. , Sato S. , Mitteroecker P. 
Published: April 2014

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate tooth position after six and 9 months of orthodontics with conventional brackets on one side of the dentition and ligature‐less brackets on the other.Setting and sample populationOrthodontic Division, Vienna Medical University. Twenty patients aged 22.5 ± 5.7 years, symmetrical malocclusion and arch form, no premolar extraction.Material and MethodsProspective split‐mouth study, 0.022‐inch SmartClip self‐ligating brackets assigned randomly to the left or right dentition, conventional 0.018‐inch brackets on the other side. 52 dental landmarks, digitized on plaster casts, represented dental arches at baseline (t0), 6 months and 9 months (t1, t2). During t0–t1, we used 0.016 and 0.014 x 0.025 inch superelastic wires, during t1–t2 connected reverse‐curve hemiarch wires: 0.017 x 0.025 inch ß‐titanium on the ligature‐less side, and 0.016 x 0.022 inch Elgiloy multiloop wires on conventional brackets. Morphometric analyses were used to assess differences in dental arch shapes.ResultsNeither initial alignment nor the reverse‐curve phase showed statistically significant differences between ligature‐less and conventional brackets in moving teeth.ConclusionMorphometric shape analyses corroborated current evidence that self‐ligating brackets were no more effective than conventional brackets with steel ligatures after 6‐month initial alignment. From months 6–9 treatment with ß‐titanium reverse‐curve wires on 0.022‐inch ligature‐less brackets resulted in similar tooth positions as accomplished by Elgiloy multiloop wires on 0.018‐inch steel‐ligature‐tied brackets.
The acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration to temperature in the C3–C4 intermediate Salsola divaricata: induction of high respiratory CO2 release under low temperature
Authors: GANDIN ANTHONY , KOTEYEVA NURIA K. , VOZNESENSKAYA ELENA V. , EDWARDS GERALD E. , COUSINS ASAPH B. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPhotosynthesis in C3–C4 intermediates reduces carbon loss by photorespiration through refixing photorespired CO2 within bundle sheath cells. This is beneficial under warm temperatures where rates of photorespiration are high; however, it is unknown how photosynthesis in C3–C4 plants acclimates to growth under cold conditions. Therefore, the cold tolerance of the C3–C4 Salsola divaricata was tested to determine whether it reverts to C3 photosynthesis when grown under low temperatures. Plants were grown under cold (15/10 °C), moderate (25/18 °C) or hot (35/25 °C) day/night temperatures and analysed to determine how photosynthesis, respiration and C3–C4 features acclimate to these growth conditions. The CO2 compensation point and net rates of CO2 assimilation in cold‐grown plants changed dramatically when measured in response to temperature. However, this was not due to the loss of C3–C4 intermediacy, but rather to a large increase in mitochondrial respiration supported primarily by the non‐phosphorylating alternative oxidative pathway (AOP) and, to a lesser degree, the cytochrome oxidative pathway (COP). The increase in respiration and AOP capacity in cold‐grown plants likely protects against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria and photodamage in chloroplasts by consuming excess reductant via the alternative mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain.
Support marshaling for romantic relationships: Empirical validation of a support marshaling typology
Authors: CROWLEY JOHN P. , FAW MEARA H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that network support for a romantic relationship often plays a crucial role in the relationship's success. Despite this knowledge, it is not uncommon for romantic couples to encounter network opposition for their relationship, and little research has evaluated what the romantic partners do in this situation. Using “social contextual theory” as its foundation (M. R. Parks, , ), this study evaluates a previously proposed typology (J. P. Crowley, ) explicating the variety of strategies an individual can use to marshal support for his or her romantic relationship. In addition, the study examines different variables that can influence an individual's decision to use certain support marshaling strategies. Future applications of the typology and its implications are also explored.
Activation of Sperm EGFR by Light Irradiation is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Shahar Shiran , Hillman Pnina , Lubart Rachel , Ickowicz Debby , Breitbart Haim 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTo acquire fertilization competence, spermatozoa must undergo several biochemical and motility changes in the female reproductive tract, collectively called capacitation. Actin polymerization and the development of hyperactivated motility (HAM) are part of the capacitation process. In a recent study, we showed that irradiation of human sperm with visible light stimulates HAM through a mechanism involving reactive‐oxygen‐species (ROS), Ca2+ influx, protein kinases A (PKA), and sarcoma protein kinase (Src). Here, we showed that this effect of light on HAM is mediated by ROS‐dependent activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Interestingly, ROS‐mediated HAM even when the EGFR was activated by EGF, the physiological ligand of EGFR. Light irradiation stimulated ROS‐dependent actin polymerization, and this effect was abrogated by PBP10, a peptide which activates the actin‐severing protein, gelsolin, and causes actin‐depolymerization in human sperm. Light‐stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Src‐dependent gelsolin, resulting in enhanced HAM. Thus, light irradiation stimulates HAM through a mechanism involving Src‐mediated actin polymerization. Light‐stimulated HAM and in vitro‐fertilization (IVF) rate in mouse sperm, and these effects were mediated by ROS and EGFR. In conclusion, we show here that irradiation of sperm with visible light, enhances their fertilization capacity via a mechanism requiring ROS, EGFR and HAM.
National and Ethnic Identities: Dual and Extreme Identities amongst the Coloured Population of Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Authors: Isaacs‐Martin Wendy 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA popular maxim in South Africa, a legacy of apartheid thinking, is that the Coloured population does not possess an ethnic identity and that, secondly, in post‐apartheid popular thought, that the group does not embrace the collective national identity. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the Coloured population is not a homogenous group in terms of political thought and primary language, and yet the group reflects ethnic consciousness. The study focused on a population sample (n = 215) in the port city of Port Elizabeth, where the majority of Coloured people in the Eastern Cape Province are located. The findings revealed that the majority of the Coloured population support collective national identity. Another finding is that a significant proportion of the Coloured population regard their ethnic identity as salient. The conclusions drawn were, firstly, that the group showed ‘extreme’ identity preferences rather than dual identities; secondly, that language played a role in determining the primary collective identity amongst the group.
Searching for a Homeland: The Territorial Dimension in the Zionist Movement and the Boundaries of Jewish Nationalism
Authors: Conforti Yitzhak 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article addresses the relationship between territorial borders and ethnic boundaries in the Zionist movement. Beginning with the Sixth Zionist Congress in 1903, the distinction between these two components of the Zionist movement rose to the forefront of the Zionist consciousness. The argument over the Uganda proposal revealed the differing preferences of political and practical Zionism. But this argument, which ended with the rejection of the Uganda plan in 1905, did not terminate the discussion of the relationship between ‘the people’ and ‘the land’. The aspiration of Zionism's central stream to establish a Jewish nation‐state in Palestine was challenged by political groups on the right and on the left, each of which emphasized either the ethnic or the territorial component. While Palestinian Zionism reinforced the territorial component during the 1920s and ’30s, the 1937 partition plan of the Peel Commission returned the issue of the relationship between the people and the land to the centre ring of political decision‐making. This article demonstrates that the attempt of the central stream of the Zionist movement to balance between the people and the land, between the ethnic and the territorial components, defined the boundaries of Zionism during the period discussed.
Greek and French: A New Vision of the Catalan National Myth of Origin at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century through Sculpture
Authors: Rodríguez Samaniego Cristina 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe principal aim of this article is to present a new vision of the founding myth of a Greek Catalonia, expressed and vindicated at the beginning of the twentieth century during Noucentisme. At that time, the cultural origins of Catalan society were linked to a colonial Greek heritage that was never fully proven. The text analyses this particular idea in a new light, and tries to establish the extent to which this cultural construction came from France and how it influenced Catalan visual arts. Tanagra‐type sculpture acts as the unifying factor in the text.
A Personality Cult Transformed: The Evolution of Tito's Image in Serbian and Croatian Textbooks, 1974–2010
Authors: Pavasović Trošt Tamara 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMass media have traditionally played a significant role in creating and maintaining romanticized images of political leaders. Josip Broz Tito was particularly successful in maintaining his public image and using it as an anchor for a ‘united’ Yugoslavia, despite many controversies and inconsistencies. After the collapse of communism and almost thirty years after his death, his personality cult still persists in countries of the former Yugoslavia, albeit to a varying extent and utilizing different kinds of discourse. This article examines the influence of the media on the creation and maintenance of Tito's personality cult, via the medium of history textbooks in Serbia and Croatia. It utilizes content analysis of textbook discourse across three time periods: during Tito's rule, during the conflicts of the 1990s, and in contemporary textbooks up through 2010, resulting in a systematic comparative study of the evolution of Tito's personality cult across time and space.
Parameter Change Test for Poisson Autoregressive Models
Authors: Kang Jiwon , Lee Sangyeol 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider the problem of testing for a parameter change in Poisson autoregressive models. We suggest two types of cumulative sum (CUSUM) tests, namely, those based on estimates and residuals. We first demonstrate that the conditional maximum likelihood estimator (CMLE) is strongly consistent and asymptotically normal and then construct the CMLE‐based CUSUM test. It is shown that under regularity conditions, its limiting null distribution is a function of independent Brownian bridges. Next, we construct the residual‐based CUSUM test and derive its limiting null distribution. Simulation results are provided for illustration. A real‐data analysis is performed on data for polio incidence and campylobacteriosis infections.
Risk for Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among a Primary Care Sample of Adolescents Engaging in Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury
Authors: Jenkins Abigail L. , Singer Jonathan , Conner Bradley T. , Calhoun Shawna , Diamond Guy 
Published: April 2014

One in five adolescents in the United States has engaged in nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), one in eight have had serious thoughts of suicide, and one in 25 have attempted suicide. Research suggests that NSSI may increase risk for suicide attempt, yet little is known about the relationship between NSSI and suicidal ideation or attempts. In a primary care setting, 1,561 youth aged 14–24 years completed a brief, comprehensive, mental health screen as part of a routine well visit to determine which factors were most likely to predict suicidal ideation and attempt among youth engaging in NSSI. Results of recursive partitioning revealed that current depression and history of alcohol use best differentiated youth engaging in NSSI with low versus high risk for suicidal ideation and attempts. This simple algorithm is presented as a clinical screening tool that might aid medical providers in determining which youth would benefit from more intensive assessment and intervention.
Assisting nonsoil specialists to identify soil types for land management: an approach using a soil identification key and toposequence models
Authors: Grealish G. J. , Fitzpatrick R. W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractConventional soil survey information is often unclear except to specialists. An approach using soil toposequences and a soil identification key was used to aid the translation of soil survey information into a form suitable for a nonspecialist audience with a case study from Brunei. Soil Taxonomy was used to characterize the major soil types; however, to assist end users, a complementary special‐purpose soil classification system was developed in the form of a soil identification key using plain language terms in English that were also translated into Malay. Easily recognized soil features such as depth, colour and texture were used to categorize soils to match Soil Taxonomy classes. To complement the soil identification key, conceptual soil toposequence models presented the soil distribution patterns in a visual format that local land users understood. Legacy soil survey information along with a widespread distribution of 172 soil sites from 35 traverses in 16 study areas provided a dataset to develop and test soil toposequence models and the soil identification key which both proved reliable and robust. The approach demonstrated in Brunei could be applied to other countries and landscapes.
Detecting the stepwise propagation of the Eastern Sicily thrust belt (Italy): insight from thermal and thermochronological constraints
Authors: Di Paolo Lea , Olivetti Valerio , Corrado Sveva , Aldega Luca , Balestrieri Maria Laura , Maniscalco Rosanna 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn extensive dataset of vitrinite reflectance, FTIR parameters on organic matter, illite content in mixed layers illite‐smectite, apatite fission tracks and U‐Th/He dating has been used to reconstruct the stepwise propagation of the Eastern Sicily fold‐and‐thrust belt during Late Palaeogene and Neogene times. The results indicate that the fold‐and‐thrust belt is divisible into two levels of thermal maturity. These levels consist of a less evolved level of thermal maturity that records limited sedimentary burial and minor heating, and a more evolved level of thermal maturity that indicates tectonic burial and exhumation at different times. Deformation and exhumation of shallowly buried units are linked to wedge forward propagation by low‐angle thrusts, whereas the evolution of deeply buried units is associated with tectonic imbrications by duplex formation and steep thrusts. The two tectonic styles alternate during evolution of the fold‐and‐thrust belt under low erosion rates.
Draft Genome Sequences of Six Strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Early Mortality Syndrome/Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease Shrimp in Thailand
Authors: Kondo Hidehiro , Tinwongger Sasiwipa , Proespraiwong Porranee , Mavichak Rapeepat , Unajak Sasimanas , Nozaki Reiko , Hirono Ikuo 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Some strains of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp. We sequenced 3 AHPND and 3 non-AHPND strains and found that all of them lacked the pathogenicity island relevant to human infection. A unique sequence encoding a type IV pilus/type IV secretion system was found in 3 AHPND strains.
Draft Genome Sequence of Methanol-Utilizing
Methylophilus
sp. Strain OH31, Isolated from Pond Sediment in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Kugo Takahiro , Kitagawa Wataru , Shimomura Yoshinori , Yamagishi Takuya , Tanaka Michiko , Sone Teruo , Asano Kozo , Kamagata Yoichi 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Methylophilus
sp. strain OH31 was isolated from the sediment of the Ohno pond at Hokkaido University. Strain OH31 utilizes methanol as its energy source. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Methylophilus
sp. strain OH31.
Genome Sequence of Burkholderia cenocepacia H111, a Cystic Fibrosis Airway Isolate
Authors: Carlier Aurelien , Agnoli Kirsty , Pessi Gabriella , Suppiger Angela , Jenul Christian , Schmid Nadine , Tümmler Burkhard , Pinto-Carbo Marta , Eberl Leo 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

The
Burkholderia cepacia
complex (BCC) is a group of related bacterial species that are commonly isolated from environmental samples. Members of the BCC can cause respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients and immunocompromised individuals. We report here the genome sequence of
Burkholderia cenocepacia
H111, a well-studied model strain of the BCC.
Phylogeny of the Clinically Relevant Species of the Emerging Fungus Trichoderma and Their Antifungal Susceptibilities
Authors: Sandoval-Denis Marcelo , Sutton Deanna A. , Cano-Lira José F. , Gené Josepa , Fothergill Annette W. , Wiederhold Nathan P. , Guarro Josep 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

A set of 73 isolates of the emerging fungus
Trichoderma
isolated from human and animal clinical specimens were characterized morphologically and molecularly using a multilocus sequence analysis that included the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and fragments of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (
Tef1
), endochitinase CHI18-5 (
Chi18-5
), and actin 1 (
Act1
) genes. The most frequent species was
Trichoderma longibrachiatum
(26%), followed by
Trichoderma citrinoviride
(18%), the
Hypocrea lixii/Trichoderma harzianum
species complex (15%), the newly described species
Trichoderma bissettii
(12%), and
Trichoderma orientale
(11%). The most common anatomical sites of isolation in human clinical specimens were the respiratory tract (40%), followed by deep tissue (30%) and superficial tissues (26%), while all the animal-associated isolates were obtained from superficial tissue samples. Susceptibilities of the isolates to eight antifungal drugs
in vitro
showed mostly high MICs, except for voriconazole and the echinocandins.
Long-Term Stability at −20°C of Aspergillus Galactomannan in Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimens
Authors: Wheat L. Joseph , Nguyen M. Hong , Alexander Barbara D. , Denning David , Caliendo Angela M. , Lyon G. Marshall , Baden Lindsey R. , Marty Francisco M. , Clancy Cornelius , Kirsch Emily , Noth Pamela , Witt John , Sugrue Michele , Wingard John R. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Research to develop and validate novel methods for diagnosis of aspergillosis based on detection of galactomannan requires the use of clinical specimens that have been stored frozen. Data indicating that galactomannan remains stable when frozen are scant. The objective of this study was to determine the stability of galactomannan in clinical specimens stored at −20°C that were positive in the Platelia
Aspergillus
enzyme immunoassay when initially tested. Prospective real-time testing of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid pools from positive and negative patient specimens showed no decline in galactomannan index (GMI) over 11 months at −20°C and no development of positive reactions in the negative-control pool. Retrospective testing of positive specimens that had been stored at −20°C for 5 years showed that 28 of 30 serum (
n
= 15) or BAL (
n
= 15) specimens remained positive. These findings support the use of frozen serum or BAL specimens stored for at least 5 years in evaluation of diagnostic tests based on detection of galactomannan.