bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les migrations subsahariennes dans la presse quotidienne algérienne
Authors: Temlali Yassin 
Published: January 2014

Important pays de transit pour des migrants subsahariens en route vers l’Europe, elle est aussi un pôle d’attraction pour des migrants qui s’installent principalement dans les villes du sud du pays. Ces migrations provoquent l’inquiétude des autorités algériennes qui a renforcé les dispositifs sécuritaires et fait adopter en 2008 une loi durcissant les sanctions pénales pour les contrevenants aux règles d’entrée et de séjour sur le territoire. Le traitement de ces migrations par les médias dégage l’impression d’une véritable unanimité nationale entre le gouvernement, les journalistes et la population sur leurs présumés dangers. En examinant 44 articles en arabe et en français, publiés entre le 2 mars 2008 et le 31 octobre 2009 1 dans quatre quotidiens privés, l’auteur tente de saisir les lignes dominantes du traitement médiatique de ces migrations.
Reformulation of Adams-Moulton Block Methods as a Sub-Class of Two Step Runge-Kutta Method
Authors: Udaya Collins Okechukwu  
Published: January 2014

Adams-Moulton methods for k = 2 and k = 3 were constructed together with their continuous forms using multi-step collocation methods. The continuous forms were then evaluated at various grid points to produce the block Adams-Moulton methods.
The block methods were then reformulated as a sub-class of two step Runge-Kutta methods (TSRK). Both the Adams and the reformulated methods were applied to solve initial value problems and the reformulated methods proved superior in terms of stability.
A Paleoenvironmental and Archaeological Model-Based Age Estimate for the Colonization of Hawai’l
Authors: Athens J. Stephen , Rieth Timothy M. , Dye Thomas S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecent estimates of when Hawai’i was colonized by Polynesians display considerable variability, with dates ranging from about A.D. 800 to 1250. Using high resolution paleoenvironmental coring data and a carefully defined set of archaeological radiocarbon dates, a Bayesian model for initial settlement was constructed. The pollen and charcoal assemblages of the core record made it possible to identify and date the prehuman period and also the start of human settlement using a simple depositional model. The archaeological and paleoenvironmental estimates of the colonization date show a striking convergence, indicating that initial settlement occurred at A.D. 940–1130 at a 95 percent highest posterior density region (HPD), and most probably between A.D. 1000 to 1100, using a 67 percent HPD. This analysis highlights problems that may occur when paleoenvironmental core chronologies are based on bulk soil dates. Further research on the dating of the bones ofRattus exulans, a Polynesian introduction, may refine the dating model, as would archaeological investigations focused on potential early site locations.
Les génomes du pin gris et du pin tordu, témoins des bouleversements climatiques passés
Authors: Godbout Julie , Bousquet Jean 
Published: January 2014

La phylogéographie est un champ de la biogéographie qui s’appuie sur les outils de la génétique afin de mieux comprendre les conséquences d’évènements anciens sur la répartition de la diversité des espèces. Les aires actuelles de répartition de 2 espèces de pin dur, le pin gris (Pinus banksianaLamb.) et le pin tordu (Pinus contortaDougl. ex. Loud.) étaient presque entièrement recouvertes par l’inlandsis au moment du maximum glaciaire, il y a 21 000 ans. Ces 2 espèces représentent donc d’excellents modèles pour étudier l’effet de la dernière glaciation sur la diversité génétique des espèces et pour la compréhension des mouvements de colonisation qui ont accompagné le réchauffement climatique de l’Holocène. L’utilisation de marqueurs génétiques de l’ADN mitochondrial et chloroplastique a permis de détecter une structure géographique marquée pour chacune des 2 espèces, permettant de mettre en évidence plusieurs éléments du paysage ayant favorisé la différenciation génétique de sous-groupes durant l’ère glaciaire. Ces marqueurs ont aussi permis de détecter une introgression naturelle entre ces espèces ainsi que des fluctuations de leurs répartitions au cours de l’Holocène. Les contextes historique, théorique et méthodologique sont aussi abordés de façon à permettre la comparaison avec d’autres espèces du biome boréal.
Alineación entre las evaluaciones externas y los estándares académicos: El Caso de la Prueba Saber de Matemáticas en Colombia.
Authors: Lopez Alexis A. 
Published: January 2014

En este estudio se analiza el concepto de	alineación presentando los resultados de un estudio que	examina el grado de alineación entre una evaluación	estandarizada de matemáticas y unos estándares académicos.	La alineación se examinó usando el modelo de Webb y los	resultados sugieren que el grado de alineación entre las	evaluaciones estandarizadas y los estándares académicos no	es el más adecuado y por lo tanto los resultados se deben	interpretar con mucha cautela y se debe poner mucho cuidado con el	tipo de decisiones que se toman con base en los resultados.
Global ionospheric total electron contents (TECs) during the last two solar minimum periods
Authors: Jee Geonhwa , Lee Han‐Byul , Solomon Stanley C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe last solar minimum period was anomalously extended and low in EUV irradiance compared with previous solar minima. It can readily be expected that the thermosphere and the ionosphere must be correspondingly affected by this low solar activity. While there have been unanimous reports on the thermospheric changes, being cooler and lower in its density as expected, the ionospheric responses to low solar activity in previous studies were not consistent with each other, probably due to the limited ionospheric observations used for them. In this study, we utilized the measurements of total electron content (TEC) from TOPEX and JASON‐1 satellites during the periods of 1992 to 2010, which includes both the last two solar minimum periods, in order to investigate how the ionosphere responded to the extremely low solar activity during the last solar minimum compared with previous solar minimum. Although the global daily mean TECs show negligible differences between the two solar minimum periods, the global TEC maps reveal that there are significant systematic differences ranging from about −30% to +50% depending on local time, latitude, and season. The systematic variations of the ionospheric responses seem to mainly result from the relative effects of reduced solar EUV production and reduced recombination rate due to thermospheric changes during the last solar minimum period.
Observations of flow variability through the Kerama Gap between the East China Sea and the Northwestern Pacific
Authors: Na Hanna , Wimbush Mark , Park Jae‐Hun , Nakamura Hirohiko , Nishina Ayako 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Kerama Gap, near the middle of the Ryukyu Island chain, is the deepest channel with a sill depth of 1050 m connecting the East China Sea (ECS) to the Northwestern Pacific. We measured the flow through the Kerama Gap from June 2009 to June 2011. The 2 year mean transport, 2.0 ± 0.7 Sv, is into the ECS from the Northwestern Pacific; it contributes about 11% of the mean Kuroshio transport in the ECS at the PN line. Subtidal standard deviation of the transport through the Kerama Gap is 3.2 Sv, comparable to that of the PN‐line Kuroshio transport (4.0 Sv), suggesting a significant effect of Kerama Gap transport on temporal variability of the Kuroshio transport in the ECS. Comparison with time series of satellite‐measured sea surface height maps reveals that temporal variability of the Kerama Gap transport is related to the arrival of mesoscale eddies from the east: high (low) transport into the ECS is associated with the presence of a cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddy south of the Kerama Gap.
Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography
Authors: Pyell Ute 
Published: January 2014

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) is a highly efficient capillary‐format separation technique that is performed with the same experimental setup, which is used with capillary electrophoresis (CE). While the separation principle of CE is based on the differences in the effective electrophoretic mobility of the solutes to be separated (only charged species can be separated), MEKC separation is also based on the differences in the distribution constants between two phases migrating at a different velocity because of electrokinetic effects. In general, the second phase is introduced into the separation electrolyte/background electrolyte (BGE) by adding an ionic surfactant (anionic or cationic) in a concentration above the critical micellar concentration (CMC). Under these conditions, dynamic association colloids (micelles) are formed. These aggregates have an electrophoretic mobility and are able to incorporate solutes or interact strongly with species dissolved in the surrounding medium.MEKC extends the applicability of CE to neutral solutes. In addition, MEKC has been proven to be superior to CE in the separation of very complex mixtures of solutes with similar electrophoretic mobility because of the various parameters that are available for the manipulation of the separation selectivity. MEKC can be regarded as a separation technique with a similar scope to that of reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) and other modes of high‐performance liquid chromatography HPLC competing with these modes regarding the efficiency of the separation system, separation speed, cost, and tolerance to matrix constituents, as in MEKC, no stationary phase is present, which can be fouled by irreversible sorption of matrix constituents of the sample. Owing to the small injection volume (few nanoliters) and the small detection volume, which is necessary to avoid intolerable instrumental band broadening, there is a strong need for online focusing methods and sensitive miniaturized detection techniques.
A linker strategy for trans‐FRET assay to determine activation intermediate of NEDDylation cascade
Authors: Malik‐Chaudhry Harbani Kaur , Saavedra Amanda , Liao Jiayu 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTFörster resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology has been widely used in biological and biomedical research and is a valuable tool for elucidating molecular interactions in vitro and in vivo. Quantitative FRET analysis is a powerful method for determining biochemical parameters and molecular distances at nanometer levels. Recently, we reported theoretical developments and experimental procedures for determining the dissociation constant, Kd and enzymatic kinetics parameters, Kcat and KM, of protein interactions with the engineered FRET pair, CyPet and YPet. The strong FRET signal from this pair made these developments possible. However, the direct link of fluorescent proteins with proteins of interests may interfere with the folding of some fusion proteins. Here, we report a new protein engineering strategy for improving FRET signals by adding a linker between the fluorescent protein and the targeted protein. This improvement allowed us to follow the covalent conjugation of NEDD8 to its E2 ligase in the presence of E1 and ATP, which was difficult to determine without linker. Three linkers, LAEAAAKEAA, TSGSPGLQEFGT, and LAAALAAA, which are alpha helix or random coil, all significantly improved the FRET signals. Our results show a general methodology for improving trans‐FRET signals to effectively determine biochemical reaction intermediates. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1288–1295. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HER2 overexpression a major risk factor for recurrence in pT1a‐bN0M0 breast cancer: results from a French regional cohort
Authors: Rouanet Philippe , Roger Pascal , Rousseau Emilie , Thibault Severine , Romieu Gilles , Mathieu Andre , Cretin Jacques , Barneon Gilbert , Granier Mireille , Maran‐Gonzalez Aurelie , Daures Jean P. , Boissiere Florence , Bibeau Frederic 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe management of pT1a‐bN0M0 breast cancer remains an area of controversy. Data from 714 patients classified as having pT1a‐bN0M0 breast cancer and treated, from 1999 to 2004 in the Languedoc‐Roussillon France, were analyzed. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status analyses were centralized. The objective of this study was to describe the prognosis of pT1a‐bN0M0 breast cancer according to HER2 distribution and hormonal status. The median follow‐up was 6.4 years. Ten‐year overall survival was 94%. HER2 overexpression was observed in 6.1% of the patients. The 10‐year prognosis of patients with HER2‐positive tumors was worse than that of those with HER2‐negative (disease‐free survival 73% vs. 89%, P < 0.0001). Tumor size (T1a/T1b) was not a relevant prognostic factor. The co‐expression of HER2 with hormonal receptors (HR) was associated with high recurrence at 10 years. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, the most relevant prognostic factor for this population was HER2 amplification. In multivariate analysis, patients with HER2‐positive tumors had higher risk of mortality (HR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.58–9.56). In pT1a‐bN0M0 breast cancers, HER2 amplification or overexpression is a risk factor for recurrence. In HER2‐positive breast cancers, HR expression is associated with a poor prognosis despite the hormone therapy. For this population, a personalized management may be required.
Isolatable Organophosphorus(III)–Tellurium Heterocycles
Authors: Nordheider Andreas , Chivers Tristram , Schön Oliver , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Athukorala Arachchige Kasun S. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek 
Published: January 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of J. Derek Woollins at the University of St. Andrews. The image shows a burning P4S3 strike‐anywhere matchstick as a representative of the use of an important phosphorus–chalcogen compound together with the key structures discussed in the paper. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201303884.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GSK961081, a novel inhaled muscarinic antagonist β2‐agonist, and fluticasone propionate administered alone, concurrently and as a combination blend formulation in healthy volunteers
Authors: Norris Virginia , Ambery Claire , Riley Trevor 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled GSK961081 and fluticasone propionate (FP) given alone, concurrently and as a combination blend formulation.MethodsThe study was double‐blind, double‐dummy, four‐way crossover. Twenty‐four healthy volunteers took single doses of the following in randomized order: (1) GSK961081 800 µg; (2) FP 500 µg; (3) GSK961081 800 µg and FP 500 µg as a blend formulation; and (4) GSK961081 800 µg and FP 500 µg concurrently via separate inhalers. The eLung breathing simulator was also used for the in vitro characterization of the formulations.ResultsThere was no pharmacokinetic interaction when GSK961081 and FP were administered concurrently. Mean Cmax and AUC(0−t) of GSK961081 were lower (∼20%) and mean Cmax and AUC(0−t) of FP were higher (two fold) following GSK961081/FP blend formulation compared to concurrent or the individual components alone. There was an increase in the FP in vitro ex‐throat dose for the GSK961081/FP blend from the eLung breathing simulator. Serum cortisol suppression was greater with GSK961081/FP blend, with lower (∼10%) cortisol levels than after GSK961081 + FP concurrent or FP alone.ConclusionGSK961081/FP blend formulation was associated with an increase in FP systemic exposure and greater serum cortisol suppression.
Noise‐tolerant dynamic CMOS circuits design by using true single‐phase clock latching technique
Authors: Wey I‐Chyn , Chang Chun‐Wei , Liao Yu‐Cheng , Chou Heng‐Jui 
Published: January 2014

SummaryIn this paper, a true‐single‐phase clock latching based noise‐tolerant (TSPCL‐NT) design for dynamic CMOS circuits is proposed. A TSPCL‐NT dynamic circuit can isolate and filter noise before the noise enters into the dynamic circuit. Therefore, it cannot only greatly enhance the noise tolerance of dynamic circuits but also release the signal contention between the feedback keeper and the pull‐down network effectively. As a result, noise tolerance of dynamic circuits can be improved with lower sacrifice in power consumption and operating speed. In the 16‐bit TSPCL‐NT Manchester adder, the average noise threshold energy can be enhanced by 3.41 times. In the meanwhile, the power‐delay product can be improved by 5.92% as compared with the state‐of‐the art 16‐bit XOR‐NT Manchester adder design under TSMC 90 nm CMOS process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flume‐ and field‐based evaluation of a time‐integrated suspended sediment sampler for the analysis of sediment properties
Authors: Smith Tyler B. , Owens Philip N. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTSuspended sediment has been identified as a vector for nutrient and contaminant transport in the fluvial environment. A time‐integrated sampler (the Phillips sampler), which emerged over a decade ago as a cost‐effective tool for in situ suspended sediment collection, is increasingly being used to collect samples for the analysis of sediment properties such as particle size composition, and nutrient and contaminant concentrations. This study evaluates the sampler under both flume and field conditions for efficiency in the mass and grain size of the suspended sediment collected. The sampler was tested in a flume using both kaolinite and sediment samples (sieved to < 180 µm) collected from the Quesnel River, British Columbia, Canada. In the kaolinite trails, the sampler preferentially collected coarser grain sizes compared to the original sediment, probably due to finer sediment remaining in suspension and therefore passing through the sampler, and also possibly due to flocculation of the kaolinite upon introduction to the flume. Conversely, the sampler collected river sediment that was finer than the original sediment, probably due to some settling of coarser sediment observed at the bottom of the flume. Once allowance was made for these operational issues associated with the flume, maximum sediment mass efficiency for kaolinite and river sediment was 43% and 87%, respectively. Sediment collected by the time‐integrated sampler during field deployment and adjacent channel bed sediment were also compared. The sampler collected sediment with a representative grain size distribution. However, there were differences in the geochemical (arsenic and selenium) concentrations of channel bed sediment and sediment collected by the Phillips sampler which may be a function of differences in the behavior of geochemical elements associated with the two types of sediment. This work suggests that further research is needed to evaluate the role of the Phillips sampler in collecting sediment for contaminant and nutrient analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of two hydrogel formulations for drug release in ophthalmic lenses
Authors: Paradiso P. , Galante R. , Santos L. , Alves de Matos A. P. , Colaço R. , Serro A. P. , Saramago B. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn the present work two types of polymers were investigated as drug releasing contact lens materials: a poly‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate (pHEMA) based hydrogel and a silicone hydrogel. The silicone hydrogel resulted from the addition of TRIS, a hydrophobic monomer containing silicon (3‐tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silylpropyl 2‐methylprop‐2‐enoate), to pHEMA. Both hydrogels were loaded with an antibiotic (levofloxacin) and an antiseptic (chlorhexidine) by soaking in the drug solutions. The hydrogel properties were determined to be within the range demanded for lens materials. The release profiles of both drugs from the hydrogels were obtained and eventual drug/polymer interactions were assessed with the help of Raman spectra. A mathematical model, developed to mimic the eye conditions, was applied to the experimental results in order to predict the in vivo efficacy of the studied systems. The release profiles were compared with those resulting from the application of commercial eyedrops. The pHEMA based hydrogel demonstrated to be the best material to achieve a controlled release of levofloxacin. In the case of chlorhexidine, the silicone hydrogel seems to lead to better results. In both cases, our results suggest that these materials are adequate for the preparation of daily disposable therapeutic contact lenses. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1170–1180, 2014.
Chitosan–cellulose composite for wound dressing material. Part 2. Antimicrobial activity, blood absorption ability, and biocompatibility
Authors: Harkins April L. , Duri Simon , Kloth Luther C. , Tran Chieu D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChitosan (CS), a polysaccharide derived from chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide, is widely used in the medical world because of its natural and nontoxic properties and its innate ability for antibacterial and hemostasis effects. In this study, the novel composites containing CS and cellulose (CEL) (i.e., [CEL + CS]), which we have previously synthesized using a green and totally recyclable method, were investigated for their antimicrobial activity, absorption of anticoagulated whole blood, anti‐inflammatory activity through the reduction of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and the biocompatibility with human fibroblasts. The [CEL + CS] composites were found to inhibit the growth of both Gram positive and negative micro‐organisms. For examples, the regenerated 100% lyophilized chitosan material was found to reduce growth of Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739 and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 51299) by 78, 36, and 64%, respectively. The composites are nontoxic to fibroblasts; that is, fibroblasts, which are critical to the formation of connective tissue matrix were found to grow and proliferate in the presence of the composites. They effectively absorb blood, and at the same rate and volume as commercially available wound dressings. The composites, in both air‐dried and lyophilized forms, significantly inhibit the production of TNF‐α and IL‐6 by stimulated macrophages. These results clearly indicate that the biodegradable, biocompatible and nontoxic [CEL + CS] composites, particularly those dried by lyophilizing, can be effectively used as a material in wound dressings. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1199–1206, 2014.
The effect of peri‐conception hyperglycaemia and the involvement of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in mediating oocyte and embryo developmental competence
Authors: Frank Laura A. , Sutton‐McDowall Melanie L. , Gilchrist Robert B. , Thompson Jeremy G. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe environment that the oocyte is exposed to during the peri‐conception period can have a significant impact on oocyte developmental competence (the ability of the oocyte to support fertilisation and subsequent embryo development) and the long‐term health of the resulting offspring. This is particularly true for maternal hyperglycaemia. While maternal hyperglycaemia during early pregnancy through term development has been extensively studied, the effects on the oocyte itself, and the underlying mechanisms, remain largely unknown. There is increasing evidence, however, for the role of the fuel‐sensing hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in mediating the effects of hyperglycaemia in many different cell types. In this review, we will focus on the reproductive consequences of maternal hyperglycaemia during the peri‐conceptual period and the role of the hexosamine pathway in mediating these processes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: ???–???, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.