bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regular budding modes in a zooxanthellate dendrophylliid Turbinaria peltata (Scleractinia) revealed by X‐ray CT imaging and three‐dimensional reconstruction
Authors: Sentoku Asuka , Ishibashi Masatsugu , Masumoto Shinji , Ohno Rie , Tomiyama Takayuki , Machiyama Hideaki , Tadai Osamu , Ezaki Yoichi 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe zooxanthellate dendrophylliid coral, Turbinaria peltata (Scleractinia), exhibit various growth forms that increase the photoreception area through the development of coenosteum skeletons. Because it is difficult to make detailed observations of the internal structures, we visualized inner skeletal structures using nondestructive microfocus X‐ray computed tomography (CT) imaging. After removal of the coenosteum skeletons from the X‐ray CT images, three‐dimensional 3D‐models were reconstructed for individual corallites. Regular budding was observed from the 3D‐model and cross‐sectional images as follows: 1) lateral corallites occurred only near the two primary septa on one side, apart from a directive primary septum with distinct polarity; 2) the budding occurred upward at acute angles; and 3) these regular structures and polarity were repeated throughout growth with every generation. Even in zooxanthellate dendrophylliids, the same budding modes as observed in azooxanthellate equivalents control the colonial growth. These characteristics provide clues for understanding the mechanisms that regulate the shapes of modular marine organisms. J. Morphol. 276:1100–1108, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Foregut morphology and ontogeny of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla (Brachyura, Majoidea, Majidae)
Authors: Castejón Diego , Rotllant Guiomar , Ribes Enric , Durfort Mercè , Guerao Guillermo 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWe describe the morphology of the foregut of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla Balss, 1922, from first larval stage to adult, with detailed stage‐specific documentation using light and scanning electron microscopy. A total of 40 ossicles have been identified in the foregut of adults of M. brachydactyla using Alizarin‐Red staining. The morphological pattern of the ossicles and gastric mill is very similar to other Majoidea species with only a few variations. The foregut of the zoeae stages appeared as a small and simple cavity, with a cardio‐pyloric valve that separates the stomach into cardiac and pyloric regions. The pyloric filter is present from the first zoea, in contrast to the brachyuran species which have an extended larval development. Calcified structures have been identified in the cardio‐pyloric valve and pyloric region of the zoeal stages. The most significant changes in foregut morphology take place after the metamorphosis from ZII to megalopa, including the occurrence of the gastric mill. In the megalopa stage, the foregut ossicles are recognizable by their organization and general morphology, but are different from the adult phase in shape and number. Moreover, the gastric teeth show important differences: the cusps of the lateral teeth are sharp (no molariform); the dorsal tooth have a small, dentate cusp (not a well‐developed quadrangular cusp); and the accessory teeth are composed of one sharp peak (instead of four sharp peaks). The gastric mill ontogeny from megalopa to adult reveals intermediate morphologies during the earlier juvenile stages. The relationship between gastric mill structures with food preferences and their contribution to the brachyuran phylogeny are briefly discussed. J. Morphol. 276:1109–1122, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Likert score 3 prostate lesions: Association between whole‐lesion ADC metrics and pathologic findings at MRI/ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy
Authors: Rosenkrantz Andrew B. , Meng Xiaosong , Ream Justin M. , Babb James S. , Deng Fang‐Ming , Rusinek Henry , Huang William C. , Lepor Herbert , Taneja Samir S. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundTo assess associations between whole‐lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) metrics and pathologic findings of Likert score 3 prostate lesions at MRI/ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy.MethodsThis retrospective Institutional Review Board‐approved study received a waiver of consent. We identified patients receiving a highest lesion score of 3 on 3 Tesla multiparametric MRI reviewed by a single experienced radiologist using a 5‐point Likert scale and who underwent fusion biopsy. A total of 188 score 3 lesions in 158 patients were included. Three‐dimensional volumes‐of‐interest encompassing each lesion were traced on ADC maps. Logistic regression was used to predict biopsy results based on whole‐lesion ADC metrics and patient biopsy history. Biopsy yield was compared between metrics.ResultsBy lesion, targeted biopsy identified tumor in 22.3% and Gleason score (GS) > 6 tumor in 8.5%, although results varied by biopsy history: biopsy‐naïve (n = 80), 20.0%/8.8%; prior negative biopsy (n = 53), 9.4%/1.9%; prior positive biopsy (n = 55): 40.0%/14.5%. Biopsy history, whole‐lesion mean ADC, whole‐lesion ADC10–25, and whole‐lesion ADC25–50 were each significantly associated with tumor or GS > 6 tumor at fusion biopsy (P ≤ 0.047). In men without prior negative prostate biopsy, whole‐lesion ADC25–50 ≤ 1.04*10−3 mm2/s achieved 90.0% sensitivity and 50.0% specificity for GS > 6 tumor, which was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than specificity of PSA (17.5%) at identical sensitivity.ConclusionFor score 3 lesions in patients without prior negative biopsy, whole‐lesion ADC metrics help detect GS > 6 cancer while avoiding negative biopsies. However, deferral of fusion biopsy may be considered for score 3 lesions in patients with prior negative biopsy (without applying whole‐lesion ADC metrics) given exceedingly low (∼ 2%) frequency of GS > 6 tumor in this group. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:325–332.
Atmospheric circulation drivers of lake inflow for the Waitaki River, New Zealand
Authors: Kingston Daniel G. , Webster Clare S. , Sirguey Pascal 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTHydro‐electricity is a critical resource in New Zealand, and as such improved understanding of the drivers of water resource availability is a key research goal. Large‐scale atmospheric circulation is the principal driver of surface climate and water resource variability over New Zealand. Focusing on the Waitaki River (located in the South Island; one of the most important rivers for hydro‐electricity in New Zealand), a comprehensive analysis is presented of the large‐scale atmospheric circulation drivers of monthly inflow to the three main headwater lakes, Ohau, Pukaki and Tekapo. Analyses are undertaken using composite, correlation, partial least‐squares (PLS) regression and cross‐wavelet analyses. Environment‐to‐climate composite analysis indicates that variation in lake inflow is driven primarily by the strength of the NE–SW pressure gradient over the three lakes (i.e. parallel to the axis of the Southern Alps, from which the lakes are fed). Relatively strong winds from a north‐westerly direction are associated with high lake inflow; weaker winds from a more south‐westerly direction occur during times of low inflow. Climate‐to‐environment composites of lake inflow, together with correlation, PLS and wavelet analysis, indicate that inflow is described well by the MZ1 and MZ2 New Zealand‐based circulation indices, but not larger‐scale modes of atmospheric circulation. The MZ1 and MZ2 indices have rarely been considered previously as explanatory variables for water resources in the South Island of New Zealand, but here it is suggested that these indices represent a promising new direction for future studies, particularly relating to season‐ahead prediction of water resource availability.
The Association of Satisfaction and Perceived Burden With Anxiety and Depression in Primary Caregivers of Dependent Elderly Relatives
Authors: del‐Pino‐Casado Rafael , Palomino‐Moral Pedro A. , Frías‐Osuna Antonio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSome researchers have viewed caregiver burden and satisfaction as two ends of the same continuum rather than as independent aspects of the caregiving experience. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of primary caregivers of dependent elderly relatives in Spain (N = 200; probabilistic sample), to determine whether satisfaction and perceived burden coexisted in caregivers, and whether these variables, considered separately and in combination, were associated with anxiety and depression, while controlling for objective aspects of care recipients' needs. Data on satisfaction with care, perceived burden, objective burden, anxiety, and depression were gathered in 2013 by interviews in caregivers' homes. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Of the 200 primary caregivers, 12.5% reported both high satisfaction with care and high perceived burden. Anxiety and depression levels were lower in caregivers with high satisfaction and low perceived burden than in those with low satisfaction and high burden or with high satisfaction and high burden. Our findings support the following conclusions: (1) Satisfaction may be experienced despite the presence of stressful factors; (2) the combination of high satisfaction and low burden might have protective effects on anxiety and depression in caregivers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Size Estimation of Kingsoldier Bream (Argyrops spinifer) and Evidence of Fishing Strategies
Authors: Yeomans L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper provides regression formulae for size estimation of kingsoldier bream (Argyrops spinifer) from measurements taken on bones enabling the reconstruction of the size of fish present in archaeological samples. Bones of Sparidae are commonly recovered from archaeological sites bordering the Arabian Gulf, and, of the species within this family, kingsoldier bream are relatively abundant with the bones also easily identifiable. The marine environment where this fish occurs varies throughout its life cycle, and therefore the reconstructed size of the fish can be used to infer the types of location where past fishing activities took place. Comparison of the estimated size of fish caught from two Late Islamic sites on the northwest coast of Qatar, in combination with other evidence, has been used to indicate differing frequencies of fishing methods at the two sites. This variation in fishing is caused by the topography of the coast in the immediate vicinity of the sites with shallow waters providing a wide tidal zone at the northern of the two with an environment suitable for fishing with stone‐built intertidal fish traps (known in Arabic as al maskar). The topography of the coast at the southern of the two sites is steeper, and the settlement was an important trading port so the coast was utilised primarily as a harbour rather than a fishing ground. The supply of fish at this settlement was provided by fishermen more commonly using basket traps (gargoor) and handlines with fishing taking place from boats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Almost automorphic solutions for fractional stochastic differential equations and its optimal control
Authors: Rajivganthi C. , Muthukumar P. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryFractional calculus is the field of mathematical analysis that deals with the investigation and applications of integrals, derivatives of arbitrary order. The strength of derivatives of non‐integer order is their ability to describe real situations more adequately than integer order derivatives, especially when the problem has memory or hereditary properties. This paper is mainly concerned with the square‐mean almost automorphic mild solutions to a class of fractional neutral stochastic integro‐differential equations with infinite delay driven by Poisson jumps. The existence of square‐mean almost automorphic mild solutions of the previous fractional dynamical system is proved by using the method of successive approximation. The results are formulated and proved by using the fractional calculus, solution operator, and stochastic analysis techniques. Further, the existence of optimal control of the proposed problem is also presented. An example is provided to illustrate the developed theory. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma in a pediatric population
Authors: Lerner Jonathan , Goldfarb Melanie 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundFollicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) has been shown to be an intermediate entity between papillary (PTC) and follicular/Hurtle cell (FTC) thyroid carcinoma in adults. However, the tumor characteristics and prognosis of FVPTCs has not been studied in the pediatric population and is the focus of the current studyMethodsAll pediatric patients ≤19 years of age with differentiated thyroid cancer (PTC, FVPTC, or FTC) were identified from the SEER registry from 1988–2009. Patients were divided into groups based on their histology. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for demographic, tumor, and treatment characteristics, as well as hazard ratios (HRs) for overall (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were calculated for FVPTC.ResultsOf 1,956 patients, 445 (22.7%) had FVPTC. Compared to PTCs, FVPTCs were larger (OR: 2.03, CI:1.35–3.06), node negative (OR: 2.26, CI:1.61–3.19), occurred more often in patients <15 years of age (OR: 1.58, CI:1.10–2.27), and had a partial thyroidectomy (OR: 1.61, CI:1.01–2.57). Conversely, compared to FTC, FVPTCs tumors were smaller (OR: 2.78, CI:1.70–4.53), node positive (OR: 5.26, CI:2.74–10.11), a first cancer (OR: 4.98, CI:2.48–9.99), and more often had a total thyroidectomy (OR: 2.84, CI:1.70–4.76). Only tumor size >4 cm (HR: 13.92, CI:1.24–156.72) influenced OS for patients with FVPTC. There was no significant difference in OS or DSS between groups.ConclusionsIn pediatric patients ≤19 years of age, FVPTCs have intermediate tumor features compared to PTC and FTC, but a similar OS and DSS. All pediatric patients with thyroid cancer require lifelong surveillance. However, FVPTCs >4 cm may warrant closer follow‐up due to an increased risk of death. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ceftolozane/Tazobactam: A Novel Cephalosporin/β‐Lactamase Inhibitor Combination
Authors: Cho Jonathan C. , Fiorenza Mallory A. , Estrada Sandy J. 
Published: July 2015

Ceftolozane/tazobactam is a novel antipseudomonal β‐lactam/β‐lactamase inhibitor combination that is currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAI) and complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI). It exhibits bactericidal properties through inhibition of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, which is mediated through penicillin‐binding proteins (PBPs). Ceftolozane is a potent PBP3 inhibitor and has a higher affinity for PBP1b compared with other β‐lactam agents. Ceftolozane/tazobactam differs from other cephalosporins due to its increased activity against some AmpC β‐lactamases and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The addition of tazobactam provides enhanced activity against extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacteriaceae and certain anaerobic organisms. Population pharmacokinetic studies for ceftolozane and ceftolozane/tazobactam are best described by a two‐compartment model with zero‐order input and linear elimination. Similar to other cephalosporins, the best pharmacodynamic property to predict efficacy for ceftolozane/tazobactam is a concentration that remains above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 40–50% of the dosing interval. For Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa strains, the time above the MIC (T > MIC) needed to produce bactericidal activity was much less with ceftolozane than other cephalosporins, with T > MIC requirements of approximately 30%. For currently approved indications, the dose of ceftolozane/tazobactam is 1.5 g (ceftolozane 1 g/tazobactam 0.5 g) intravenously every 8 hours given as a 1‐hour infusion. Ceftolozane has low plasma protein binding (20%) and is predominantly excreted unchanged in the urine (≥92%). Dosage adjustments are required for moderate‐to‐severe renal impairment and in patients receiving hemodialysis. Based on data from clinical trials, adverse effects due to ceftolozane/tazobactam do not differ considerably from other cephalosporins, with the most common being nausea, diarrhea, headache, and pyrexia. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is a promising new agent for the treatment of cIAI and cUTI, including those caused by multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative organisms.
Towards relating delivery methods and examination success: lessons learned from the VALO LLP project case study
Authors: Rahanu Harjinder , Georgiadou Elli , Siakas Kerstin , Ekert Damjan , Messanarz Richard , Abeysinghe Geetha 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDidactic, teacher‐centred approaches and rote learning have long been discredited and gradually replaced by participative, interactive and creative learning sessions. Formal classroom sessions are being replaced or augmented by self‐directed study increasingly in distance mode. The evolution and affordability of technologies enables massive participation in studies, not only for short training for professional updating but also for longer study periods and attainment of qualifications. The rapid changes in society and technology demand that everybody continuously updates their knowledge and skills in their area of expertise and gain knowledge, skills and competencies in other areas for a successful life of careers and not necessarily a career for life as was the norm in the past. It is important to safeguard the quality of independent assessment and certification methods. In this paper, we consider the main delivery methods and their impact on assessment methods and associated results. With reference to the European Certification and Qualification Association framework and the recently completed European Union co‐funded Lifelong Learning Programme project VALO, we juxtapose the delivery methods used and the examination results at different partner institutions. We extract observed issues and trends, which could be principles to be adopted by future projects with regards to process improvement and performance enhancement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Louisiana crude oil on the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) during a life‐cycle exposure to laboratory oiled sediment
Authors: Raimondo Sandy , Hemmer Becky L. , Lilavois Crystal R. , Krzykwa Julie , Almario Alex , Awkerman Jill A. , Barron Mace G. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTDetermining the long‐term effects of crude oil exposure is critical for ascertaining population‐level ecological risks of spill events. A 19‐week complete life‐cycle experiment was conducted with the estuarine sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) exposed to reference (uncontaminated) sediment spiked with laboratory weathered South Louisiana crude (SLC) oil at five concentrations as well as one unspiked sediment control and one seawater (no sediment) control. Newly hatched larvae were exposed to the oiled sediments at measured concentrations of < 1 (sediment control), 50, 103, 193, 347, and 711 mg total polyaromatic hydrocarbons (tPAH)/kg dry sediment. Juveniles were exposed through the reproductively active adult phase at measured concentrations of <1 (sediment control), 52, 109, 199, 358, and 751 mg tPAH/kg sediment. Throughout the exposure, fish were assessed for growth, survival, and reproduction. Resulting F1 embryos were then collected, incubated, and hatched in clean water to determine if parental full life‐cycle exposure to oiled sediment produced trans‐generational effects. Larvae experienced significantly reduced standard length (5–13% reduction) and wet weight (13–35% reduction) at concentrations at and above 50 and 103 mg tPAH/kg sediment, respectively. At 92 and 132 days post hatch (dph), standard length was reduced (7–13% reduction) at 199 and 109 mg tPAH/kg dry sediment, respectively, and wet weight for both time periods was reduced at concentrations at and above 109 mg tPAH/kg dry sediment (21–38% reduction). A significant reduction (51–65%) in F0 fecundity occurred at the two highest test concentrations, but no difference was observed in F1 embryo survival. This study is the first to report the effects of chronic laboratory exposure to oiled sediment, and will assist the development of population models for evaluating risk to benthic spawning fish species exposed to oiled sediments. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1627–1639, 2016.
Predictable Charts
Authors: McClure Erin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article explores how to integrate reading, writing, speaking, and listening instruction by engaging students in Predictable Charts. Discover how Predictable Charts can support students with reading, writing, speaking, and listening in Kindergarten, First Grade, or Special Education classrooms. Through this article, learn the steps to implementing this weeklong supportive, interactive, and engaging instructional practice.
Outage performance of relay selection with spatially random relays using RF energy harvesting
Authors: Liu Kuang‐Hao 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTo enable green wireless networks, one appealing approach is to deploy energy harvesting (EH) relays to assist the source transmission. Unlike conventional relays relying on fixed power supplies, EH relays make use of the energy collected from the RF radiation of the source node, and thus, they do not introduce extra energy cost to the network. This paper presents an analytical study to assess the efficacy of EH relays when the one with the maximal end‐to‐end signal‐to‐noise ratio is selected to perform data relaying while others perform EH. Because the action (either harvesting energy or forwarding data) of one EH relay affects those of others, exact performance analysis is not tractable. Additionally, relay density and positions may be random, which further complicates the analysis. Our analysis is conducted based on the hypothesis that each EH relay has an equal chance to be selected. This hypothesis allows for analytical tractability and is of importance to EH relays because otherwise some may drain their batteries fast. We identify the conditions under which the aforementioned hypothesis is valid. Our analysis also considers two variants of amplify‐and‐forward relays with and without using channel state information. Numerical results are presented to validate the analysis accuracy along with extensive discussions on the impact of numerous system parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Game of energy consumption balancing in heterogeneous sensor networks
Authors: Khanmirza Hamed , Yazdani Nasser 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn a multi‐hop sensor network, sensors largely rely on other nodes as a traffic relay to communicate with targets that are not reachable by one hop. Depending on the topology and position of nodes, some sensors receive more relaying traffic and lose their energy faster. Such imbalanced energy consumption may lead to server problems like network partitioning. In this paper, we study the problem of energy consumption balancing (ECB) in heterogeneous sensor networks by assuming general any‐to‐any traffic pattern. We consider both factors of transmission power and forwarding load in measuring energy consumption. To find a solution, we formulate the problem as a strategic network formation game with a new utility function. We show that this game is guaranteed to converge to strongly connected topologies which have better ECB and bounded inefficiency. We propose a localized algorithm in which every node knows only about its k‐hop neighbourhood. Through simulations on uniform and clustered networks with various densities, we show that the performance of our algorithm is comparable with global and centralized algorithms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.