bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pro-Lie groups approximable by discrete subgroups
Authors: Hamrouni Hatem , Kadri Bilel 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A locally compact group G is said to be approximable by discrete subgroups if there exists a sequence of discrete subgroups

(

H
n

)

n
∈
ℕ

$(H_n)_{n\in \mathbb {N}}$

of G such that for any nonempty open set O of G, there exists an integer k such that

O
∩

H
n

≠
⌀

$O\cap H_n \ne \varnothing $

, for every n ≥ k. It has been proved that the identity component of a Lie group approximable by discrete subgroups is nilpotent. In this paper we shall extend this result to pro-Lie groups. In particular, every connected locally compact group approximable by discrete subgroups is nilpotent. An application of discrete approximation is given.
Fast online NIR technique to predict MOE and moisture content of sawn lumber
Authors: Kobori Hikaru , Inagaki Tetsuya , Fujimoto Takaaki , Okura Tsutomu , Tsuchikawa Satoru 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A fast online grading apparatus for sawn lumber based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been developed. The method is based on a novel wavelength dispersive NIR spectrophotometer equipped with a diffraction grating linear sensor and high-intensity lighting. It was possible to acquire spectra from the entire surface of Hinoki cypress lumber sections traveling on a conveyor belt at a speed of 120 m min-1. Additionally, predictive models for moisture content (MC) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) under various MC conditions were developed from the NIR spectra with the aid of partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis. Both the MC and MOE predictive models demonstrated sufficient levels of prediction accuracy for use on high-speed conveyor belts, and the results of various experiments indicate that the developed device could be applied for the online quality certification of sawn lumber in commercial sawmills.
Management of vasa previa during pregnancy
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi , Arakaki Tatsuya , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Sekizawa Akihiko 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In order to prevent fetal mortality due to vasa previa, it is neceesary to obtain an antenatal diagnosis and perform elective cesarean section prior to membrane rupture. Under present circumstances, management strategies for vasa previa depend on each institutional policy. In our institution, patients are not routinely admitted, although precise outpatient management, including confirming the presence of uterine contractions and monitoring the cervical length, fetal growth and fetal heart rate, is provided for pregnant females with vasa previa. In the present report, we reviewed 21 cases of vasa previa managed at our hospital. Some 71% (15/21) of them were required inpatient management due to its complications, resulting in emergency delivery in about half of them. Therefore, our results suggest that only carefully selected asymptomatic patients may be successfully managed as outpatients.
Variation in the terrestrial isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Böhlke J.K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon (Ar) are variable in terrestrial materials. Those variations are a source of uncertainty in the assignment of standard properties for Ar, but they provide useful information in many areas of science. Variations in the stable isotopic composition and atomic weight of Ar are caused by several different processes, including (1) isotope production from other elements by radioactive decay (radiogenic isotopes) or other nuclear transformations (e.g., nucleogenic isotopes), and (2) isotopic fractionation by physical-chemical processes such as diffusion or phase equilibria. Physical-chemical processes cause correlated mass-dependent variations in the Ar isotope-amount ratios (40Ar/36Ar, 38Ar/36Ar), whereas nuclear transformation processes cause non-mass-dependent variations. While atmospheric Ar can serve as an abundant and homogeneous isotopic reference, deviations from the atmospheric isotopic ratios in other Ar occurrences limit the precision with which a standard atomic weight can be given for Ar. Published data indicate variation of Ar atomic weights in normal terrestrial materials between about 39.7931 and 39.9624. The upper bound of this interval is given by the atomic mass of 40Ar, as some samples contain almost pure radiogenic 40Ar. The lower bound is derived from analyses of pitchblende (uranium mineral) containing large amounts of nucleogenic 36Ar and 38Ar. Within this interval, measurements of different isotope ratios (40Ar/36Ar or 38Ar/36Ar) at various levels of precision are widely used for studies in geochronology, water–rock interaction, atmospheric evolution, and other fields.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic Ni0.3 Zn0.7 Fe2 O4/polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) nanocomposite
Authors: Doulabi Fatemeh S. Mohammad , Mohsennia Mohsen , Taraghikhah Shervin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The magnetic Ni0.3 Zn0.7 Fe2 O4 nanoparticles were expected to have wide applications in bionanoscience and electronic devices technology. In this work, Ni0.3 Zn0.7 Fe2 O4 nanoparticles were synthesized successfully by a redox chemical reaction in an aqueous solution of nickel chloride, zinc chloride and ferric chloride. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the shape, structure and size of the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic properties of Ni0.3 Zn0.7 Fe2 O4 nanoparticles were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD patterns of the synthesized nanoparticles revealed the formation of the single phase spinel structure of the synthesized materials. The synthesized Ni0.3 Zn0.7 Fe2 O4 nanoparticles were used for the preparation of Ni0.3 Zn0.7 Fe2 O4/polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) nanocomposites by an in situ emulsion polymerization method. The synthesized Ni0.3 Zn0.7 Fe2 O4 nanoparticles exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at the room temperature under an applied magnetic field. Magnetization measurements indicated that the saturation magnetization of synthesized Ni0.3 Zn0.7 Fe2 O4/PVAc nanocomposites was markedly less than that of Ni0.3 Zn0.7 Fe2 O4 magnetic nanoparticles.
Robustness of the linear mixed effects model to error distribution assumptions and the consequences for genome-wide association studies
Authors: Warrington Nicole M. , Tilling Kate , Howe Laura D. , Paternoster Lavinia , Pennell Craig E. , Wu Yan Yan , Briollais Laurent 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have been successful in uncovering novel genetic variants that are associated with disease status or cross-sectional phenotypic traits. Researchers are beginning to investigate how genes play a role in the development of a trait over time. Linear mixed effects models (LMM) are commonly used to model longitudinal data; however, it is unclear if the failure to meet the models distributional assumptions will affect the conclusions when conducting a genome-wide association study. In an extensive simulation study, we compare coverage probabilities, bias, type 1 error rates and statistical power when the error of the LMM is either heteroscedastic or has a non-Gaussian distribution. We conclude that the model is robust to misspecification if the same function of age is included in the fixed and random effects. However, type 1 error of the genetic effect over time is inflated, regardless of the model misspecification, if the polynomial function for age in the fixed and random effects differs. In situations where the model will not converge with a high order polynomial function in the random effects, a reduced function can be used but a robust standard error needs to be calculated to avoid inflation of the type 1 error. As an illustration, a LMM was applied to longitudinal body mass index (BMI) data over childhood in the ALSPAC cohort; the results emphasised the need for the robust standard error to ensure correct inference of associations of longitudinal BMI with chromosome 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Small RNA Expression from the Human Macrosatellite DXZ4
Authors: Pohlers Michael , Calabrese J Mauro , Magnuson Terry 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs play several roles in regulating gene expression. In the nucleus, small RNA-Argonaute complexes recruit epigenetic modifying activities to genomic sites. This pathway has been described in mammals primarily for the germline; however, its role in somatic cells is less characterized. Here, we describe in human somatic cells a potential link between the expression of small RNAs from the macrosatellite DXZ4 and Argonaute-dependent DNA methylation of this locus. DXZ4 was found to express a wide range of small RNAs potentially representing several classes of small RNAs. A subpopulation of these RNAs is bound by Argonaute. Moreover, we show AGO association with DXZ4 and that the Argonaute proteins AGO-1 and PIWIL4 may play a role in DNA methylation of DXZ4. We hypothesize that the RNAs are involved in Argonaute-dependent methylation of DXZ4 DNA.
Technological Behavior in the Southwest: Pueblo I Lead Glaze Paints from the Upper San Juan Region
Authors: Santarelli Brunella , Killick David , Goff Sheila 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough widely employed in Eurasia, lead glazes were produced in only two small regions of the Americas prior to European contact, both in the Southwest. Southwestern glaze paints are unique in that they developed as decorative elements instead of as protective surface coatings. The first independent invention of glaze paints was in the Upper San Juan region of southwestern Colorado during the early Pueblo I period (ca. 700-850 CE). Despite recent interest in the later Pueblo IV glaze paints of New Mexico (ca. 1275-1700 CE), there have been no technological analyses of the Pueblo I glaze paints. This research project presents the first analysis and technological reconstruction of the Pueblo I glaze paints. It is in the production of the glaze paints that the potters were innovating and experimenting with materials. These early glaze paints have the potential to provide important information regarding both technology of production as well as the relationships and interactions of potters during this period in the Upper San Juan region. Preliminary results reveal a pattern of traits that involves raw materials, processing, properties and performance of the final product suggesting the existence of a patterned technological behavior.
Electronic transport properties of pnictogen-substituted skutterudites with alkaline-earth fillers
Authors: Bang Semi , Li An , Wee Dae Hyun , Fornari Marco , Kozinsky Boris 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe materials class of skutterudites is one of the promising thermoelectric materials due to its decent electronic properties and cage-like structural feature that can be filled with guest atoms. First principles calculations have been performed in order to investigate electronic band structures and related transport properties of pnictogen-substitued skutterudites filled with alkaline-earth elements (MxCo4A6Te6 where M=Ca, Sr, or Ba, A=Ge or Sn, and x=0.5 or 1). The Seebeck coefficient and the power factor, which are electronic transport properties related to thermoelectricity, are computed by using the Boltzmann transport formalism within the constant-relaxation-time-approximation. The results are compared against the corresponding properties of the unfilled pnictogen-substitued ternary skutterudites (CoA1.5Te1.5) to identify the effects of filling, based on which the potential of filled pnictogen-substituted skutterudites for thermoelectric applications is evaluated. The possible changes in the ionic character of the interatomic bonding, which was suspected to be an important scattering source, are probed by analyzing the projected density of states.
Cholesteric liquid crystal glass platinum acetylides
Authors: Cooper Thomas M. , Burke Aaron R. , Krein Douglas M. , Ziolo Ronald F. , Arias Eduardo , Moggio Ivana , Fratini Albert , Garbovskiy Yuriy , Glushchenko Anatoliy V. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTTo prepare cholesteric liquid crystalline nonlinear optical materials with ability to be vitrified on cooling and form long time stability cholesteric glasses at room temperature, a series of platinum acetylide complexes modified with cholesterol has been synthesized. The materials synthesized have the formulatrans-Pt(PR3)(cholesterol (3 or 4)-ethynyl benzoate)(1-ethynyl-4-X-benzene), whereR=Et,BuorOctandX=H,F,OCH3andCN. A cholesteric liquid crystal phase was observed in the complexesR=Et, andX=F,OCH3andCNbut not in any of the other complexes. WhenX=CN, a cholesteric glass was observed at room temperature which remained stable up to 130 °C, then converted to a mixed crystalline/cholesteric phase and completely melted to an isotropic phase at 230 °C. WhenX=ForOCH3the complexes were crystalline at room temperature with conversion to the cholesteric phase upon heating to 190 and 230 °C, respectively. In the seriesX=CN,OCH3andF, the cholesteric pitch was determined to be 1.7, 3.4 and 9.0 µ, respectively.
Are CEOs and CFOs Rewarded for Disclosure Quality?
Authors: Hui Kai Wai , Matsunaga Steven R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
This study provides evidence regarding the importance that boards of directors place on effective communication with the investor community by examining whether CEO and CFO compensation are related to the quality of the firm's financial disclosures. Using an index derived from analyst forecast characteristics and management forecast accuracy to measure disclosure quality, we find changes in the annual bonus for both the CEO and CFO to be positively associated with changes in disclosure quality. We also find that the relation is stronger for high-growth firms, firms that have stronger governance structures, and for executives with lower equity incentives. Overall, our findings provide insight into the importance that boards place on effective communication with investors as a responsibility of the CEO and CFO and, therefore, provide them with contractual incentives to address the moral hazard problem associated with voluntary disclosures.
JEL Classifications: M41.
Admitting Mistakes: Home Country Effect on the Reliability of Restatement Reporting
Authors: Srinivasan Suraj , Wahid Aida Sijamic , Yu Gwen 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
We study the frequency of restatements by foreign firms listed on U.S. exchanges. We find that the restatement rate of U.S.-listed foreign firms is significantly lower than that of comparable U.S. firms and that the difference depends on the firm's home country characteristics. Foreign firms from countries with a weak rule of law are less likely to restate than are firms from strong rule of law countries. While the lower rate of restatements can represent an absence of errors, it can also indicate a lack of detection and disclosure of errors and irregularities. We infer the effect of detection and disclosure by associating the frequency of restatements with the quality of the firm's internal control system. We find that only U.S. firms and foreign firms from strong rule of law countries show a positive association between restatement frequency and internal control weaknesses. Firms from weak rule of law countries show no significant association. We interpret these findings as home country enforcement affecting firms' likelihood of detecting and reporting existing accounting misstatements. This suggests that for U.S.-listed foreign firms, less frequent restatements can be a signal of opportunistic reporting rather than a lack of accounting errors and irregularities.
The role of veterinary team effectiveness in job satisfaction and burnout in companion animal veterinary clinics
Authors: Moore Irene C. , Coe Jason B. , Adams Cindy L. , Conlon Peter D. , Sargeant Jan M. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the role of veterinary team effectiveness regarding job satisfaction and burnout in companion animal veterinary practice.
Design—Cross-sectional observational study.
Sample—48 companion animal veterinary health-care teams.
Procedures—274 team members participated in an online survey. Overall job satisfaction was evaluated with a 1-item measure, and the 3 dimensions of burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy) were measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. Team effectiveness was assessed with a survey developed for this study. Demographic and team effectiveness factors (coordinated team environment, toxic team environment, team engagement, and individual engagement) associated with job satisfaction and burnout were evaluated.
Results—Overall mean job satisfaction score was 5.46 of 7 (median, 6.00); veterinary technicians and kennel attendants had the lowest scores. According to the Maslach survey results, 22.4% of participants were in the high-risk category for exhaustion, 23.2% were in the high-risk category for cynicism, and 9.3% were in the high-risk category for professional efficacy. A coordinated team environment was associated with increased professional efficacy and decreased cynicism. A toxic team environment was negatively associated with job satisfaction and positively associated with exhaustion and cynicism. Individual engagement was positively associated with job satisfaction and professional efficacy and negatively associated with exhaustion and cynicism.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested the effectiveness of a veterinary team can significantly influence individual team members’ job satisfaction and burnout. Practices should pay specific attention to the effectiveness with which their veterinary team operates.
In vitro holding security of six friction knots used as a first throw in the creation of a vascular ligation
Authors: Hazenfield Kurtis M. , Smeak Daniel D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Objective—To compare in vitro security of 6 friction knots used as a first throw in the creation of a vascular ligation.
Design—Experimental study.
Sample—20 constructs of 6 friction knots created with 2–0 polyglyconate suture.
Procedures—Security of the surgeon's throw, Miller's knot, Ashley modification of the Miller's knot, modified Miller's hand-tie, constrictor knot, and strangle knot was evaluated. Each knot configuration was constructed around each of 2 balloon dilation catheters used as small- and large-diameter vascular pedicle models and pressure tested to failure (leakage) 10 times. Results were compared by means of ANOVA and Student t tests.
Results—Mean leakage pressure for the surgeon's throw was significantly lower than that of all other knots tested in both pedicle models. The Miller's knot, constrictor knot, and strangle knot had mean leakage pressures > 360 mm Hg regardless of model diameter, whereas the surgeon's throw, Ashley modification of the Miller's knot, and modified Miller's hand tie consistently leaked at pressures at or below those found in arteries under normal physiologic conditions (pressures of 90 to 140 mm Hg).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Security of the Miller's knot, constrictor knot, and strangle knot was considered excellent. In vitro results suggested that, when constructed correctly, these friction knots may be preferable first-throw constructs during vascular pedicle ligation and should be further evaluated for clinical use. The surgeon's throw was less reliable as a first throw for vascular pedicle ligation in the model tested.
Changes to the Bakomi Reservoir
Authors: Kubinský Daniel , Weis Karol , Lehotský Milan , Fuska Jakub 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article is focused on the analysis and evaluation of the changes of the bottom of the Bakomi reservoir, the total volume of the reservoir, ecosystems, as well as changes in the riparian zone of the Bakomi reservoir (situated in the central Slovakia). Changes of the water component of the reservoir were subject to the deposition by erosion-sedimentation processes, and were identifed on the basis of a comparison of the present relief of the bottom of reservoir obtained from feld measurements (in 2011) with the relief measurements of the bottom obtained from the 1971 historical maps, (i.e. over a period of 40 years). Changes of landscape structures of the riparian zone have been mapped for the time period of 1949–2013; these changes have been identifed with the analysis of ortophotomaps and the feld survey. There has been a signifcant rise of disturbed shores with low herb grassland. Over a period of 40 years, there has been a deposition of 667 m3 of sediments. The results showed that there were no signifcant changes in the local ecosystems of the Bakomi reservoir in comparison to the other reservoirs in the vicinity of Banská Štiavnica.
Contribution of Garden Architecture to the Regional Development
Authors: Petrášová Viera , Beresecká Janka , Jarábková Jana , Melichová Katarína , Valach Maroš 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Creative garden architecture currently afects regional development in two ways. Firstly, it results in landscape architecture outputs, horticulture arrangements, and garden projects. Secondly, it constitutes an environment for the development of certain business activities, namely tourism and horticulture. Garden architecture is able to secure the development of land-based economy, replacing the decreased production of agricultural commodities, and thus contributing to regional development. Garden architecture businesses in the Nitra region are currently limited by the lack of their potential clients’ fnancial resources as well as the barriers to entrepreneurship created in the Slovak Republic. The number of the businesses in the region enables them to develop mutual cooperation without the need for strong competition. on the contrary, it encourages the diversifcation of business activities, various levels of their specialization and potential development of partnerships in a region.
Criminality in the Rural Areas
Authors: Ďurkovičová Jana , Lazíková Jarmila , Takáč Ivan , Rumanovská L'ubica 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Criminality is not a problem in the urban areas only; it has become one of the main problems in the rural areas as well. The countryside is not considered as a crime free area anymore. The rural criminality research helps to fnd and adopt the right preventive measures. Cooperation of all the sectors, state, businessmen, self-government and non-governmental organisations is important. In order to look for some suitable preventive measures, it is necessary to fnd the causes of the rural criminality. There are many criminality factors. However, we can expect that in dependence on the character and activities of a region, these causes will be specifc for each rural area. The aim of this paper is frstly to notice that the rural criminality is a blind place in the research activities in Slovakia and secondly to try to identify some factors which are impulses to commit crimes in the rural areas.
Methods of Public Communication and Related Perception of Transparency from the Slovak Municipalities' Point of View
Authors: Fil'a Milan , Schwarczová Loreta 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The significance of the communication of the public sector at the level of the local government has recently increased essentially. Today‘s information society brings an advanced and fast communication which must be adapted by the representatives of the municipalities. This fact is related not only to ensuring greater objective transparency but also in ensuring the possibility for citizens to actively participate in public affairs in the environment where they live, as well as to evaluate the events and actions of local governments. The paper evaluates the current utilization of direct and indirect methods of communication and also points out the statistically significant preference evaluation of selected changes of the Act on free access to information by the representatives of municipalities in terms of increased use of information and transparency towards the citizens (towards the general public).