bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Observations at Mid-infrared Wavelengths Partially Mitigate M Dwarf Star Host Stellar Activity Contamination in Exoplanet Transmission Spectroscopy
Authors: Seager Sara , Shapiro Alexander I. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Exoplanet atmosphere transmission spectroscopy for planets orbiting M dwarf stars faces significant challenges due to contamination from stellar magnetic features, i.e., spots and faculae. These features make the stellar surface inhomogeneous and introduce wavelength-dependent signals in the transmission spectrum that complicate its analysis. We identify and explain why using observations at infrared wavelengths greater than a few microns partially mitigates stellar contamination. At these wavelengths the intensity sensitivity to temperature weakens, with two significant consequences. First, the contribution of spots and faculae has a diminished effect because their flux contrast to the quiet-star regions lessens. Second, the star’s spectral features compress in magnitude, an outcome of spectral features being shaped by the star’s photospheric vertical temperature gradient. Both factors are due to the Planck function moving from exponential to linear in temperature toward mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelengths (the “Rayleigh–Jeans tail”). In contrast to stellar spectra, the depth of the transmission spectroscopy features does not fundamentally vary with wavelength as it is primarily determined by the planet’s atmospheric scale height. The magnitude of reduction in stellar contamination is a factor of a few to several at mid-IR versus near-IR wavelengths, but whether or not this is enough to bypass stellar contamination ultimately depends on the spot coverage area. Nonetheless, the flattening of thermal emission spectral features at IR wavelengths is universal.
Can the Symmetric Fermi and eROSITA Bubbles Be Produced by Tilted Jets?
Authors: Tseng Po-Hsun , Yang H.-Y. Karen , Chen Chun-Yen , Schive Hsi-Yu , Chiueh Tzihong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope reveals two large bubbles in the Galaxy, extending nearly symmetrically ∼50° above and below the Galactic center (GC). Previous simulations of bubble formation invoking active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets have assumed that the jets are vertical to the Galactic disk; however, in general, the jet orientation does not necessarily correlate with the rotational axis of the Galactic disk. Using three-dimensional special relativistic hydrodynamic simulations including cosmic rays (CRs) and thermal gas, we show that the dense clumpy gas within the Galactic disk disrupts jet collimation (“failed jets” hereafter), which causes the failed jets to form hot bubbles. Subsequent buoyancy in the stratified atmosphere renders them vertical to form the symmetric Fermi and eROSITA bubbles (collectively, Galactic bubbles). We find that (1) despite the relativistic jets emanating from the GC at various angles ≤45° with respect to the rotational axis of the Galaxy, the Galactic bubbles nonetheless appear aligned with the axis; (2) the edge of the eROSITA bubbles corresponds to a forward shock driven by the hot bubbles; (3) followed by the forward shock is a tangling contact discontinuity corresponding to the edge of the Fermi bubbles; (4) assuming a leptonic model we find that the observed gamma-ray bubbles and microwave haze can be reproduced with a best-fit CR power-law spectral index of 2.4; The agreements between the simulated and the observed multiwavelength features suggest that forming the Galactic bubbles by oblique AGN failed jets is a plausible scenario.
Multiwavelength Modeling for the Shallow Decay Phase of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
Authors: Asano Katsuaki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We simulate the emission in the shallow decay phase of gamma-ray burst afterglows using a time-dependent code. We test four models: the energy injection model, evolving the injection efficiency of nonthermal electrons, evolving the amplification of the magnetic field, and the wind model with a relatively low bulk Lorentz factor. All of the four models can reproduce the typical X-ray afterglow lightcurve. The spectral shape depends on not only the parameter values at the time corresponding to the observer time but also the past evolution of the parameters. The model differences appear in the evolution of the broadband spectrum, especially in the inverse Compton component. Future gamma-ray observations with imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array will reveal the mechanism of the shallow decay phase.
Additional Doppler Monitoring Corroborates HAT-P-11c as a Planet
Authors: Yee Samuel W. , Petigura Erik A. , Isaacson Howard , Howard Andrew W. , Blunt Sarah , Dalba Paul A. , Dai Fei , Fulton Benjamin J. , Giacalone Steven , Kane Stephen R. , Kosiarek Molly , Močnik Teo , Rice Malena , Rubenzahl Ryan , Saunders Nicholas , Tyler Dakotah , Weiss Lauren M. , Zhang Jingwen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In 2010, Bakos and collaborators discovered a Neptune-sized planet transiting the K-dwarf HAT-P-11 every five days. Later in 2018, Yee and collaborators reported an additional Jovian-mass companion on a nine year orbit based on a decade of Doppler monitoring. The eccentric outer giant HAT-P-11c may be responsible for the peculiar polar orbit of the inner planet HAT-P-11b. However, Basilicata et al. recently suggested that the HAT-P-11c Doppler signal could be caused by stellar activity. In this research note, we extend the Yee et al. Doppler time series by six years. The combined data set spanning 17 yr covers nearly two orbits of the outer planet. Importantly, we observe two periastron passages of planet c and do not observe a coherent activity signature. Together with the previously reported astrometric acceleration of HAT-P-11 from Hipparcos and Gaia, we believe there is strong evidence for HAT-P-11c as a bona fide planet.
Effects of earthworm invasion on soil properties and plant diversity after two years of field experiment
Authors: Thouvenot Lise , Ferlian Olga , Horn Lotte , Jochum Malte , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: July 2024

Although belowground invasive species are probably equally widespread and as important as their aboveground counterparts, they remain understudied, and their impacts are likely to be stronger when these invaders act as ecosystem engineers and differ functionally from native species. This is the case in regions historically devoid of native earthworms, such as parts of northern North America, which are now experiencing an invasion by European earthworms. Although invasive earthworms have been reported to have multiple consequences for native communities and ecosystem functioning, this knowledge is mostly based on observational studies, and the mechanisms underlying their cascading impacts need to be investigated. Here, we thus investigated the sequence of events, i.e., ecological cascades following earthworm invasion, that have rarely been studied before, in a two-year field experiment. We expected that the changes in soil abiotic properties observed following invasion would coincide with changes in plant community diversity and community trait composition, as well as in alterations in above- and belowground ecosystem functions. To test these hypotheses, we set up a field experiment that ran for two years in a forest in Alberta (Canada) to investigate soil properties and understory plant community composition in response to invasive earthworms.
Our study shows that invasive European earthworms alter several soil abiotic properties (i.e., soil nutrient content, and pH) after two years of experiment. Invasive earthworm effects varied with soil depth for some soil properties (i.e., soil pH, water-stable aggregates, nitrogen, and microbial basal respiration), but we did not find any significant earthworm effect on soil water content, bulk density, or the total soil microbial biomass independently of the soil layer. Moreover, invasive earthworms did not affect plant community composition and only slightly affected community diversity in this short-term experiment. The minor changes observed in plant functional group composition are thus potentially the first signs of invasive-earthworm effects on plant communities.
Our research provides experimental evidence that previously reported observational effects of invasive earthworms on soil properties are indeed causal and already significant after two years of invasion. These changes in soil properties are likely to have cascading effects on plant community composition, functional diversity, and ecosystem functioning, but such effects may take longer than two years to materialize.
Evidence of short-term response of rocky cliffs vegetation after removal of invasive alien Carpobrotus spp.
Authors: Misuri Alice , Siccardi Eugenia , Mugnai Michele , Benesperi Renato , Giannini Francesca , Giunti Michele , Lazzaro Lorenzo 
Published: July 2024

Invasive alien plant species are among the major drivers of change in natural ecosystems; therefore, their eradication or control is a common and effective conservation tool to reverse biodiversity loss. The LIFE LETSGO GIGLIO project was implemented with the objective of controlling the invasion of Carpobrotus spp., among the most threatening invasive alien species in Mediterranean ecosystems, on the Island of Giglio (Tuscan Archipelago, Italy). The management of Carpobrotus spp. was conducted across an area of approximately 33,000 m2 of coastal habitats. The main intervention was conducted during the winter of 2021–2022, primarily through manual removal, with a limited use of mulching sheets. Subsequent years saw the continued removal of seedlings.
We monitored the habitats of vegetated sea cliffs and coastal garrigues (both protected under Directive 92/43/EEC), as these were the two habitats most affected by the control actions. A total of 24 permanent plots were sampled annually from 2020 to 2023 in a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design. We analysed the variation pre- and post-removal of Carpobrotus spp. cover and litter and of native plant cover and diversity, as well as the changes in the composition of native plant communities.
Our results show that already two years after the main intervention of removal, thus in the short term, the community’s composition shifted considerably towards the pre-invasion set of species. This recovery was also evident in terms of diversity indices, although the impact of Carpobrotus spp. on ecological parameters (mainly soil) favoured nitrophilous species. Furthermore, we highlight the need for yearly removal of Carpobrotus spp. seedlings for the next 5–10 years, in order to continue promoting the recovery of native communities.
Modalidades bivalentes e modalidades polivalentes:
Authors: Bezerra Edson 
Published: July 2024

A conexão entre lógicas multivaloradas e lógicas modais é antiga. As investigações pioneiras de Łukasiewicz em 1920 acerca de futuros contingentes por meio de lógicas multivaloradas foram tentativas de caracterizar modalidades por meio de valores de verdade. Embora lógicas modais e as multivaloradas constituam campos autônomos de investigação, suas interações são muito prolíficas. Neste artigo, investigamos lógicas modais trivaloradas baseadas nas lógicas trivaloradas LP, K3, TS e ST. Mais especificamente, discutimos duas possíveis maneiras de interpretar sentenças modais: (i) sentenças modais ◻A e ◇A podem receber somente verdadeiro ou falso; e (ii) sentenças modais também podem receber valores intermediários. Argumentamos que ambas caracterizações possuem virtudes e problemas. No caso (i), argumentamos que elas validam princípios modais que contrariam suas próprias inferências a nível proposicional. Já no caso (ii), argumentamos que sua proximidade com a lógica clássica impõe certas dificuldades em algumas aplicações dessas lógicas.
Immunoprophylaxis failure and vaccine response in infants born to mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection in Djibouti
Authors: Darar Dirir Sahal , Ahouidi Ambroise D , Drame Aboubacry , Osman Abdi Warsama , Youssouf Kayad Guelleh , Houmed Aboubakar Mohamed , Camara Makhtar , Kane Toure Coumba , Diop Ndiaye Halimatou 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
In endemic areas, vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major source of the global reservoir of infected people. Eliminating mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV is at the heart of World Health Organization’s goal of reducing the incidence of HBV in children to less than 0.1% by 2030. Universal screening for hepatitis B during pregnancy and neonatal vaccination are the main preventive measures.
AIM
To evaluate the efficacy of HBV vaccination combined with one dose of immunoglobulin in children born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers in Djibouti city.
METHODS
We conducted a study in a prospective cohort of HBsAg-positive pregnant women and their infants. The study ran from January 2021 to May 2022, and infants were followed up to 7 mo of age. HBV serological markers and viral load in pregnant women were measured using aVidas microparticle enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Biomérieux, Paris, France) and the automated Amplix platform (Biosynex, Strasbourg, France). All infants received hepatitis B immunoglobulin and were vaccinated against HBV at birth. These infants were closely monitored to assess their seroprotective response and for failure of immunoprophylaxis. Simple logistic regression was also used to identify risk factors associated with immunoprophylaxis failure and poor vaccine response. All statistical analyses were performed with version 4.0.1 of the R software.
RESULTS
Of the 50 pregnant women recruited, the median age was 31 years, ranging from 18 years to 41 years. The MTCT rate in this cohort was 4% (2/50) in HBsAg-positive women and 67% (2/3) in hepatitis B e antigen-positive women with a viral load > 200000 IU/mL. Of the 48 infants who did not fail immunoprophylaxis, 8 (16%) became poor responders (anti-HB < 100 mIU/mL) after HBV vaccination and hepatitis B immunoglobulin, while 40 (84%) infants achieved a good level of seroprotection (anti-HB > 100 mIU/mL). Factors associated with this failure of immunoprophylaxis were maternal HBV DNA levels (> 200000 IU/mL) and hepatitis B e antigen-positive status (odds ratio = 158, 95% confidence interval: 5.05-4958, P < 0.01). Birth weight < 2500 g was associated with a poor immune response to vaccination (odds ratio = 34, 95% confidence interval: 3.01-383.86, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Despite a failure rate of immunoprophylaxis higher than the World Health Organization target, this study showed that the combination of immunoglobulin and HBV vaccine was effective in preventing MTCT of HBV. Therefore, further studies are needed to better understand the challenges associated with immunoprophylaxis failure in infants in Djibouti city.
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Eastern Ethiopia: Clinical characteristics and determinants of cirrhosis
Authors: Ismael Nejib Y , Usmael Semir A , Belay Nega B , Mekonen Hailemichael Desalegn , Johannessen Asgeir , Orlien Stian MS 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection is a major cause of liver-associated morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-income countries. A better understanding of the epidemiological, clinical, and virological characteristics of CHB will guide appropriate treatment strategies and improve the control and management of CHB in Ethiopia.
AIM
To investigate the characteristics of CHB in Eastern Ethiopia and assess the efficacy and safety of antiviral treatment.
METHODS
This cohort study included 193 adults who were human immunodeficiency virus-negative with CHB between June 2016 and December 2019. Baseline assessments included chemistry, serologic, and viral markers. χ 2 tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of cirrhosis. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) was initiated using treatment criteria from the Ethiopian CHB pilot program.
RESULTS
A total of 132 patients (68.4%) were men, with a median age of 30 years [interquartile range (IQR): 24-38]. At enrollment, 60 (31.1%) patients had cirrhosis, of whom 35 (58.3%) had decompensated cirrhosis. Khat use, hepatitis B envelope antigen positivity, and a high viral load were independently associated with cirrhosis. Additionally, 66 patients (33.4%) fulfilled the treatment criteria and 59 (30.6%) started TDF. Among 29 patients who completed 24 months of treatment, the median aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index declined from 1.54 (IQR: 0.66-2.91) to 1.10 (IQR: 0.75-2.53) (P = 0.002), and viral suppression was achieved in 80.9% and 100% of patients after 12 months and 24 months of treatment, respectively. Among the treated patients, 12 (20.3%) died within the first 6 months of treatment, of whom 8 had decompensated cirrhosis.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the high prevalence of cirrhosis, initial mortality, and the efficacy of TDF treatment. Scaling up measures to prevent and control CHB infections in Ethiopia is crucial.
Derecho de no discriminación: Análisis de la Desigualdad salarial y acceso al campo laboral por condición de género
Authors: Rivera Franco Karla Solange , Ramírez Velásquez Joanna Carolina 
Published: July 2024

La discriminación laboral por sexo o género es un problema que afecta a la mayoría de los Estados donde la mujer, así como, el colectivo LGBTI son grupos históricamente excluidos, debido a pensamientos falócratas que han normalizado conductas que menoscaban el derecho a la igualdad formal y material creando ideologías preconcebidas que se transfieren de generación en generación. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores que influyen en la discriminación laboral salarial y de acceso al mercado de trabajo por condición de género, para lo cual se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica, exploratoria y descriptiva de la literatura científica reportada en las bases de datos científicas y académicas como son: Dialnet, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Redalyc, ErihPlus, DOAJ, Scielo y Google Académico, así como el estudio del marco legal nacional e Instrumentos Internacionales relacionados con el problema de investigación. Además de ello, se aplicó para el análisis de los resultados el método analítico-sintético en donde se ha identificado a la segregación laboral como multifactorial. De igual forma, se pudo constatar que el régimen jurídico que precautela los derechos de las mujeres ha tenido un avance vertiginoso. Sin embargo, en la actualidad los procedimientos y políticas vigentes en Ecuador no han sido suficientes para prevenir la exclusión en los tratamientos de ascenso y elección dentro del ámbito laboral.
The Influence Of Persuasive Communication Competence And Librarian Performance On User Satisfaction At The Universitas Sumatera Utara Library
Authors: Ginting Sinta Azhary , Dewi Kurniawati  , Syafruddin Pohan  
Published: July 2024

Research Aims: This study aims to measure the influence of Persuasive Communication Competence on User Satisfaction at the Universitas Sumatera Utara Library, to measure the influence of Librarian Performance on User Satisfaction at the Universitas Sumatera Utara Library,

Design/methodology/approach: This research employs a quantitative correlational method to understand the relationships between the variables. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) communication theory by Robert Cialdini is used in this study. The population for this study includes all individuals who have visited the Universitas Sumatera Utara Library. The sampling technique used is Accidental Sampling. The instrument used is a digital questionnaire distributed via Google Forms to 392 respondents.

Research Findings: The results indicate that significant positive influence of both persuasive communication competence and librarian performance on user satisfaction at the Universitas Sumatera Utara Library. Persuasive communication and librarian performance can explain 58.4% of the influence on customer satisfaction, which according to the Guilford scale falls into the moderate/medium category and has a fairly high influence. The remaining 41.6% is influenced by other unmeasured variables such as physical facilities, collection availability, service systems, information technology, and human resources

Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The results of this research can be used as a basis for further research on a larger scale or in a different context such as research in more general libraries. In addition, the researcher recommends that future researchers can carry out further research by conducting a more detailed investigation into the persuasive communication competencies of librarians and their role. Diverse approaches can provide a more comprehensive understanding of how librarians' persuasive communication competencies and performance influence library use.
Legal Aspects of Using Blockchain Technologies in the Field of E-Commerce on SDG'S
Authors: Volynets Vitalii 
Published: July 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is legal aspects of blockchain.

Theoretical Framework: Blockchain is one of the most prominent technologies and it has become a driving factor in business transformation.

Method: Methods of historical and logical analysis and comparison, expert opinions, system analysis and forecasting were used. The research materials included legal aspects, in particular, in the development of blockchain technology.

Results and Discussion: Blockchain, like any electronic technology, can have different forms of social implementation. Their openness is manifested in the fact that anyone can become a network node participating in the consensus procedure. Information in public blockchains is actually and legally publicly available. The listed qualities ensure a high level of security of public blockchains and a high level of users’ trust toward them.

Research Implications: The legal regulation of digital technologies is becoming an important tool for ensuring a balance between public and private interests, benefits and risks of the digital age.

Originality/Value: The global blockchain market will grow significantly in the coming years. The new vector of blockchain technology will be aimed at accelerating the pace of digitalization, financial inclusion and enhancing security. There is no doubt that blockchain is a disruptive technology and will continue to dominate the business world in the coming years.
Exploring the Dynamics of Death Attitude Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of Scientific Papers in Dimension (2015-2024)
Authors: Karki Tej Bahadur , D’Mello Laveena , Neupane Dasarath , Shrestha Sajeeb Kumar , Mahat Dipak 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Death is not viewed as the absolute end, but rather as a gateway to a continued spiritual existence or rebirth. The main objective of this study is to find out the publication trend of death attitude-related articles from 2015 to 2024. The study used the bibliometric analysis method to analyze the data published in Dimensions. Analysis of death attitude publications over the past decade reveals increasing interest, with a peak in 2021 but a decline in 2022 and 2023. Citation analysis shows a steady rise in citations until 2022, followed by a slight decline. The percentage of publications with citations has decreased over the years. Metrics like FCR and RCR indicate fluctuating citation impact. Interdisciplinary research is evident, with dominant categories including "Human Society," "Health Sciences," and "Law and Legal Studies." Leading countries in death attitude research include the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Challenges such as declining citation uptake underscore the need for enhanced dissemination efforts. Death attitude research has seen increasing interest and impact, significant challenges in citation uptake and fluctuating impact highlight the need for strategic improvements in research dissemination and visibility. Addressing these issues is essential to maintain and enhance the field's scholarly influence.