bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Equal Terms: The Equivocal Origins of an Early Mughal Indo-Persian Vocabulary
Authors: HAKALA WALTER N. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTheQaṣīdah dar Luġhāt-i Hindī(‘AQaṣīdahon Hindī Terms’), composed in the early sixteenth century, is an unusual example of theniṣābgenre of multilingual vocabularies in verse, providing Persian glosses for various terms drawn from a language the text labelsHindī. The author of the vocabulary, Yūsuf Ḳhurāsānī ‘Yūsufī’, was a physician who followed the first Mughal-Timurid emperor, Bābur, from Afghanistan to India. This paper examines the content and the arrangement of Yūsufī's vocabulary, paying particular attention to the means through which ‘Yūsufī’ was able to assert semantic equivalences between lexical terms and the materials with which they correspond. It concludes by contrasting the Hindi to Persian glossing directionality of this work with the Persian to Hindi directionality prevailing in later examples of theniṣābgenre, arguing that theQaṣīdahreflects a period when practitioners of the Persianateyūnānīsystem of medical knowledge engaged with Indic counterparts in dynamic and especially fruitful ways.
Contribution of folic acid-fortified foods to fertile women’s folate Recommended Nutrient Intake through breakfast simulation models
Authors: Samaniego-Vaesken María de Lourdes , Alonso-Aperte Elena , Varela-Moreiras Gregorio 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the potential contribution of foods fortified with folic acid (FA) to target population intakes when included as part of a healthy breakfast.DesignBreakfast models aligned with the Spanish Dietary Guidelines were studied using the recommended, average and 95th percentile of serving sizes consumed by women of childbearing age. Food composition data were obtained from a database including FA analytical data from sixty-eight products and the Spanish food composition tables. Different scenarios were assessed with the inclusion of one, two or three FA-fortified products and with two different fortification levels: ≤33 µg/serving (L1) and ≥70 µg/serving (L4). FA contents provided by the different models for each scenario were compared with the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for folate and the Upper Level (UL) of intake for FA.SettingMadrid Region, Spain.SubjectsWomen aged 16–49 years were considered.ResultsOverall, simulation of ten breakfast models and three scenarios of product inclusion accounted for 20–25 % of total daily energy recommendations for women. Unfortified breakfast models provided on average 4–23 % of the folate RNI. Inclusion of one L4 FA-fortified food contributed 20–60 % of the RNI. Fortified yoghurt and milk had the highest FA contents per serving. Scenarios with two or three fortified products delivered 40–80 % of the RNI. None of the evaluated models exceeded the FA UL.ConclusionsAt existing levels of FA fortification, inclusion of fortified products as part of a regular breakfast meal could positively impact the nutritional quality of women’s diet without involving a risk of excessive FA exposure.
Developing psychological skill for the global language industry
Authors: Atkinson David P. 
Published: November 2014

This article presents a teaching methodology aimed at helping trainee translators and interpreters to increase theirpsychological skill. Psychological skill is here defined as the effects of self-efficacy, explanatory style, and locus of control, all of which shape their decision-making and courses of action. By increasing their level of psychological skill, I aim to help translators and interpreters better cope with the challenges of an increasingly automated and highly globalized profession.In particular, this article explores three general approaches for teaching and improving psychological skill, namelytheoretical discussion,modelling, androle play. I will also describe examples for practical activities that might be carried out in translator/interpreter training.The overall aim of the article is to provide a research-based foundation for teachers and trainers so that they can implement teaching methodologies and strategies to help their translation/interpreting students to graduate with betterpsychological skill. A particular focus will be on psychological challenges arising from the globalized nature of our profession and the changes brought about by technological developments.
Prognostic Significance of Presenting Blood Pressure in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Park Jin Sup , Cha Kwang Soo , Shin Donghun , Lee Dae Sung , Lee Hye Won , Oh Jun-Hyok , Choi Jung Hyun , Lee Han Cheol , Hong Taek Jong , Lee Sang Hyun , Kim Jeong Su , Park Yong Hyun , Kim June Hong , Chun Kook-Jin , Jeong Myung Ho , Ahn Youngkeun , Chae Shung Chull , Kim Young Jo ,   the Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction Investigators
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND
We evaluated the impact of normal vs. high presenting blood pressure (BP) on clinical outcomes and cardiac function in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI).

METHODS
In 11,292 patients, in-hospital mortality and major adverse clinical events (MACE; all-cause death, nonfatal MI, or any revascularization) during follow-up were compared between patients with normal (≥100mm Hg and ≤139mm Hg) and high (≥140mm Hg) systolic BP at presentation.

RESULTS
Compared to patients with high BP, patients with normal BP had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (1.5% vs. 3.7%; P &lt; 0.001), especially in those with prior hypertension, and higher rates of all-cause death (3.3% vs. 5.3%; P &lt; 0.001) and MACE (9.8% vs. 11.8%; P = 0.04) during follow-up (median: 330 days). After multivariate adjustment, normal BP was associated with higher risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.268; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.144–4.498; P = 0.019), but not all-cause death (adjusted HR = 0.956; 95% CI = 0.602–1.517) or MACE (adjusted HR = 0.935; 95% CI = 0.755–1.158). Left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline and follow-up was significantly lower in patients with normal BP (52% vs. 51%; P &lt; 0.001 and 55% vs. 54%; P = 0.018, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that patients with normal presenting BP, especially those with prior hypertension, exhibit higher in-hospital mortality and poorer cardiac function compared to patients with high BP. Although outcomes during follow-up did not differ, cardiac function was persistently poorer in patients who presented with normal BP.
SNiPA: an interactive, genetic variant-centered annotation browser
Authors: Arnold Matthias , Raffler Johannes , Pfeufer Arne , Suhre Karsten , Kastenmüller Gabi 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Linking genes and functional information to genetic variants identified by association studies remains difficult. Resources containing extensive genomic annotations are available but often not fully utilized due to heterogeneous data formats. To enhance their accessibility, we integrated many annotation datasets into a user-friendly webserver.
Availability and implementation: http://www.snipa.org/
Contact: g.kastenmueller@helmholtz-muenchen.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MGAS: a powerful tool for multivariate gene-based genome-wide association analysis
Authors: Van der Sluis Sophie , Dolan Conor V. , Li Jiang , Song Youqiang , Sham Pak , Posthuma Danielle , Li Miao-Xin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMotivation: Standard genome-wide association studies, testing the association between one phenotype and a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are limited in two ways: (i) traits are often multivariate, and analysis of composite scores entails loss in statistical power and (ii) gene-based analyses may be preferred, e.g. to decrease the multiple testing problem.Results: Here we present a new method, multivariate gene-based association test by extended Simes procedure (MGAS), that allows gene-based testing of multivariate phenotypes in unrelated individuals. Through extensive simulation, we show that under most trait-generating genotype–phenotype models MGAS has superior statistical power to detect associated genes compared with gene-based analyses of univariate phenotypic composite scores (i.e. GATES, multiple regression), and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Re-analysis of metabolic data revealed 32 False Discovery Rate controlled genome-wide significant genes, and 12 regions harboring multiple genes; of these 44 regions, 30 were not reported in the original analysis.Conclusion: MGAS allows researchers to conduct their multivariate gene-based analyses efficiently, and without the loss of power that is often associated with an incorrectly specified genotype–phenotype models.Availability and implementation: MGAS is freely available in KGG v3.0 (http://statgenpro.psychiatry.hku.hk/limx/kgg/download.php). Access to the metabolic dataset can be requested at dbGaP (https://dbgap.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). The R-simulation code is available from http://ctglab.nl/people/sophie_van_der_sluis.Contact: mxli@hku.hkSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Tissue-aware data integration approach for the inference of pathway interactions in metazoan organisms
Authors: Park Christopher Y. , Krishnan Arjun , Zhu Qian , Wong Aaron K. , Lee Young-Suk , Troyanskaya Olga G. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Leveraging the large compendium of genomic data to predict biomedical pathways and specific mechanisms of protein interactions genome-wide in metazoan organisms has been challenging. In contrast to unicellular organisms, biological and technical variation originating from diverse tissues and cell-lineages is often the largest source of variation in metazoan data compendia. Therefore, a new computational strategy accounting for the tissue heterogeneity in the functional genomic data is needed to accurately translate the vast amount of human genomic data into specific interaction-level hypotheses.
Results: We developed an integrated, scalable strategy for inferring multiple human gene interaction types that takes advantage of data from diverse tissue and cell-lineage origins. Our approach specifically predicts both the presence of a functional association and also the most likely interaction type among human genes or its protein products on a whole-genome scale. We demonstrate that directly incorporating tissue contextual information improves the accuracy of our predictions, and further, that such genome-wide results can be used to significantly refine regulatory interactions from primary experimental datasets (e.g. ChIP-Seq, mass spectrometry).
Availability and implementation: An interactive website hosting all of our interaction predictions is publically available at http://pathwaynet.princeton.edu. Software was implemented using the open-source Sleipnir library, which is available for download at https://bitbucket.org/libsleipnir/libsleipnir.bitbucket.org.
Contact: ogt@cs.princeton.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A logical model of HIV-1 interactions with the T-cell activation signalling pathway
Authors: Oyeyemi Oyebode J. , Davies Oluwafemi , Robertson David L. , Schwartz Jean-Marc 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) hijacks host cellular processes to replicate within its host. Through interactions with host proteins, it perturbs and interrupts signaling pathways that alter key cellular functions. Although networks of viral–host interactions have been relatively well characterized, the dynamics of the perturbation process is poorly understood. Dynamic models of infection have the potential to provide insights into the HIV-1 host interaction.
Results: We employed a logical signal flow network to model the dynamic interactions between HIV-1 proteins and key human signal transduction pathways necessary for activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes. We integrated viral–host interaction and host signal transduction data into a dynamic logical model comprised of 137 nodes (16 HIV-1 and 121 human proteins) and 336 interactions collected from the HIV-1 Human Interaction Database. The model reproduced expected patterns of T-cell activation, co-stimulation and co-inhibition. After simulations, we identified 26 host cell factors, including MAPK1&3, Ikkb-Ikky-Ikka and PKA, which contribute to the net activation or inhibition of viral proteins. Through in silico knockouts, the model identified a further nine host cell factors, including members of the PI3K signalling pathway that are essential to viral replication. Simulation results intersected with the findings of three siRNA gene knockout studies and identified potential drug targets. Our results demonstrate how viral infection causes the cell to lose control of its signalling system. Logical Boolean modelling therefore provides a useful approach for analysing the dynamics of host–viral interactions with potential applications for drug discovery.
Contact: jean-marc.schwartz@manchester.ac.uk or david.robertson@manchester.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Assessing the ecological importance of red tree coral thickets in the eastern Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Stone Robert P. , Masuda Michele M. , Karinen John F. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Red tree corals (Primnoa pacifica), the largest structure-forming gorgonians in the North Pacific Ocean, form dense thickets in some areas. These thickets are a dominant benthic habitat feature in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), yet little is known about the ecosystems they support. In 2005, we used a submersible to study the ecology of thickets inside or near five small areas of the eastern GOA later designated in 2006 as habitat areas of particular concern (HAPCs)―areas closed to all bottom contact fishing. We show that red tree corals are keystone species in habitats where they form thickets (mean density 0.52 corals m−2)—the densest and largest thickets documented anywhere. Measured sponge densities (2.51 sponges m−2) were also among the highest documented anywhere. The corals and sponges in the study areas provide essential fish habitat for some fish species, and we show with logistic regression models modified with a scaled binomial variance that bedrock, while important habitat for some fish, is even more important when paired with corals and sponges. Red tree corals were not equally distributed with regard to habitat characteristics, and we show that their presence was correlated with bedrock substrate, moderate to high seabed roughness, and slope &gt;10°. Most corals and sponges are vulnerable to disturbance from longlining, the principal bottom contact fishing in this region, but the larger corals and sponges are the most vulnerable. We observed evidence of infrequent recruitment events and a strong pulse of predation, apparently from fishing gear-induced trauma, that could exacerbate slow recovery of red tree corals from disturbance. Some red tree coral thickets are provided protection within designated HAPCs and some are not. Modifications to longline gear and an expanded network of HAPCs could help preserve these keystone species and the ecosystems they support.
Extreme luminosities in ejecta produced by intermittent outflows around rotating black holes
Authors: van Putten Maurice H. P. M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Extreme sources in the Transient Universe show evidence of relativistic outflows from intermittent inner engines, such as cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). They probably derive from rotating back holes interacting with surrounding matter. We show that these interactions are enhanced inversely proportional to the duty cycle in advection of magnetic flux, as may apply at high accretion rates. We demonstrate the morphology and ballistic propagation of relativistic ejecta from burst outflows by numerical simulations in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics. Applied to stellar mass black holes in core-collapse of massive stars, it provides a robust explosion mechanism as a function of total energy output. At breakout, these ejecta may produce a low-luminosity GRB. A long GRB may ensue from an additional ultrarelativistic baryon-poor inner jet from a sufficiently long-lived intermittent inner engine. The simulations demonstrate a complex geometry in mergers of successive ejecta, whose mixing and shocks provide a pathway to broad-band high-energy emission from magnetic reconnection and shocks.
The solar cycle dependence of the weak internetwork flux
Authors: Lites Bruce W. , Centeno Rebecca , McIntosh Scott W. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We examine data from the Hinode Observing Program 79 (the “HOP 79” irradiance program) as observed using the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope Spectro-Polarimeter for systematic changes in the weakest observable magnetic flux during the period 2008–2013. At moderate latitudes we find no evidence for systematic changes as a function of time and solar latitude in either the unsigned line-of-sight flux or in the measures of the transverse flux. However, in the polar regions, changes are apparent in the measure of signed magnetic flux corresponding to reversal of the polarity of the poles, changes that persist even for the weakest observed flux. Also evident in measures of the weakest signed flux are preferences for positive (negative) polarity at mid-north (mid-south) latitudes (20°–60°). Center-limb variations in various measures of the weak flux appear to be independent of the solar cycle. The results are consistent with the operation of a small-scale solar dynamo operating within and just below the solar photosphere, but the measures of the weakest signed flux still contain small signatures of the global solar cycle.
The management of suspected scaphoid fractures in English hospitals: a national survey
Authors: Smith Jason E. , House Robyn H. , Gallagher Jessica , Phillips Alistair 
Published: November 2014

Background
Wrist injuries are common, and there is often diagnostic uncertainty following normal initial radiographs when there is ongoing clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture.
The aims of this study were to define the problem in our hospital, and to identify current practice relating to the management of patients with clinically suspected scaphoid injury across hospitals in England.

Methods
A retrospective review was undertaken of all patients presenting to our Emergency Department with a wrist injury, over a 12-month period.
A cross-sectional survey of all hospitals in NHS England was then undertaken, using a web-based questionnaire. The results of the survey were analysed in Microsoft Excel to provide descriptive data only.

Results
Of 2367 patients presenting to our Emergency Department with a wrist injury, 420 (17.7%) were followed up due to ongoing clinical suspicion of a scaphoid injury.
From the 141 acute hospital Trusts in NHS England, survey responses were received from 116 (82% response rate).
Symptomatic patients undergo repeat radiograph in 68.0% of hospitals before second line imaging. This is performed using MRI in 63.9%, computed tomography in 27.0% or isotope bone scan in 9.0%.
Secondary imaging is carried out between 10 days and 4 weeks following the initial injury in 86.8% of trusts.

Conclusion
This is still considerable variability in the way these patients are managed in England. Further work needs to be undertaken to establish the most appropriate way to manage patients with wrist injuries with ongoing clinical suspicion of scaphoid fracture.
Demographic inference using genetic data from a single individual: separating population size variation from population structure
Authors: Olivier Mazet , Willy Rodríguez Valcarce , Lounès Chikhi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe rapid development of sequencing technologies represents new opportunities for population genetics research. It is expected that genomic data will increase our ability to reconstruct the history of populations. While this increase in genetic information will likely help biologists and anthropologists to reconstruct the demographic history of populations, it also represents new challenges. Recent work has shown that structured populations generate signals of population size change. As a consequence it is often difficult to determine whether demographic events such as expansions or contractions (bottlenecks) inferred from genetic data are real or due to the fact that populations are structured in nature. Given that few inferential methods allow us to account for that structure, and that genomic data will necessarily increase the precision of parameter estimates, it is important to develop new approaches. In the present study we analyse two demographic models. The first is a model of instantaneous population size change whereas the second is the classical symmetric island model. We (i) re-derive the distribution of coalescence times under the two models for a sample of size two, (ii) use a maximum likelihood approach to estimate the parameters of these models (iii) validate this estimation procedure under a wide array of parameter combinations, (iv) implement and validate a model choice procedure by using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Altogether we show that it is possible to estimate parameters under several models and perform efficient model choice using genetic data from a single diploid individual.
Levelling aeromagnetic survey data without the need for tie‐lines
Authors: White* James C. , Beamish David 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTA new methodology that levels airborne magnetic data without orthogonal tie‐lines is presented in this study. The technique utilizes the low‐wavenumber content of the flight‐line data to construct a smooth representation of the regional field at a scale appropriate to the line lengths of the survey. Levelling errors are then calculated between the raw flight‐line data and the derived regional field through a least squares approach. Minimizing the magnitude of the error, with a first‐degree error function, results in significant improvements to the unlevelled data. The technique is tested and demonstrated using three recent airborne surveys.
Facial Tissue Depths in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Starbuck John M. , Ghoneima Ahmed , Kula Katherine 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCleft lip and palate (CLP) is a craniofacial malformation affecting more than seven million people worldwide that results in defects of the hard palate, teeth, maxilla, nasal spine and floor, and maxillodental asymmetry. CLP facial soft‐tissue depth (FSTD) values have never been published. The purpose of this research is to report CLP FSTD values and compare them to previously published FSTD values for normal children. Thirty‐eight FSTDs were measured on cone beam computed tomography images of CLP children (n = 86; 7–17 years). MANOVA and ANOVA tests determined whether cleft type, age, sex, and bone graft surgical status affect tissue depths. Both cleft type (unilateral/bilateral) and age influence FSTDs. CLP FSTDs exhibit patterns of variation that differ from normal children, particularly around the oronasal regions of the face. These differences should be taken into account when facial reconstructions of children with CLP are created.