bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodel analysis of anisotropic diffusive tracer‐gas transport in a deep arid unsaturated zone
Authors: Green Christopher T. , Walvoord Michelle A. , Andraski Brian J. , Striegl Robert G. , Stonestrom David A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGas transport in the unsaturated zone affects contaminant flux and remediation, interpretation of groundwater travel times from atmospheric tracers, and mass budgets of environmentally important gases. Although unsaturated zone transport of gases is commonly treated as dominated by diffusion, the characteristics of transport in deep layered sediments remain uncertain. In this study, we use a multimodel approach to analyze results of a gas‐tracer (SF6) test to clarify characteristics of gas transport in deep unsaturated alluvium. Thirty‐five separate models with distinct diffusivity structures were calibrated to the tracer‐test data and were compared on the basis of Akaike Information Criteria estimates of posterior model probability. Models included analytical and numerical solutions. Analytical models provided estimates of bulk‐scale apparent diffusivities at the scale of tens of meters. Numerical models provided information on local‐scale diffusivities and feasible lithological features producing the observed tracer breakthrough curves. The combined approaches indicate significant anisotropy of bulk‐scale diffusivity, likely associated with high‐diffusivity layers. Both approaches indicated that diffusivities in some intervals were greater than expected from standard models relating porosity to diffusivity. High apparent diffusivities and anisotropic diffusivity structures were consistent with previous observations at the study site of rapid lateral transport and limited vertical spreading of gas‐phase contaminants. Additional processes such as advective oscillations may be involved. These results indicate that gases in deep, layered unsaturated zone sediments can spread laterally more quickly, and produce higher peak concentrations, than predicted by homogeneous, isotropic diffusion models.
Four‐dimensional electrical conductivity monitoring of stage‐driven river water intrusion: Accounting for water table effects using a transient mesh boundary and conditional inversion constraints
Authors: Johnson Tim , Versteeg Roelof , Thomle Jon , Hammond Glenn , Chen Xingyuan , Zachara John 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper describes and demonstrates two methods of providing a priori information to the surface‐based time‐lapse three‐dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) problem for monitoring stage‐driven or tide‐driven surface water intrusion into aquifers. First, a mesh boundary is implemented that conforms to the known location of the water table through time, thereby enabling the inversion to place a sharp bulk conductivity contrast at that boundary without penalty. Second, a nonlinear inequality constraint is used to allow only positive or negative transient changes in EC to occur within the saturated zone, dependent on the relative contrast in fluid electrical conductivity between surface water and groundwater. A 3‐D field experiment demonstrates that time‐lapse imaging results using traditional smoothness constraints are unable to delineate river water intrusion. The water table and inequality constraints provide the inversion with the additional information necessary to resolve the spatial extent of river water intrusion through time.
General mechanism and dynamics of the solar wind interaction with lunar magnetic anomalies from 3‐D particle‐in‐cell simulations
Authors: Deca Jan , Divin Andrey , Lembège Bertrand , Horányi Mihály , Markidis Stefano , Lapenta Giovanni 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe present a general model of the solar wind interaction with a dipolar lunar crustal magnetic anomaly (LMA) using three‐dimensional full‐kinetic and electromagnetic simulations. We confirm that LMAs may indeed be strong enough to stand off the solar wind from directly impacting the lunar surface, forming a so‐called “minimagnetosphere,” as suggested by spacecraft observations and theory. We show that the LMA configuration is driven by electron motion because its scale size is small with respect to the gyroradius of the solar wind ions. We identify a population of back‐streaming ions, the deflection of magnetized electrons via the E × B drift motion, and the subsequent formation of a halo region of elevated density around the dipole source. Finally, it is shown that the presence and efficiency of the processes are heavily impacted by the upstream plasma conditions and, on their turn, influence the overall structure and evolution of the LMA system. Understanding the detailed physics of the solar wind interaction with LMAs, including magnetic shielding, particle dynamics and surface charging is vital to evaluate its implications for lunar exploration.
The near‐global mesospheric potassium layer: Observations and modeling
Authors: Dawkins E. C. M. , Plane J. M. C. , Chipperfield M. P. , Feng W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe meteoric metal layers act as unique tracers of chemistry and dynamics in the upper atmosphere. Existing lidar studies from a few locations show that K exhibits a semiannual seasonality (winter and summer maxima), quite unlike the annual seasonality (winter maximum and summer minimum) seen with Na and Fe. This work uses spaceborne observations made with the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System instrument on the Odin satellite to retrieve the near‐global K layer for the first time. The satellite data (2004 to mid‐2013) are used to validate the implementation of a recently proposed potassium chemistry scheme in a whole atmosphere chemistry climate model, which provides a chemical basis for this semiannual seasonal behavior. The satellite and model data show that this semiannual seasonality is near global in extent, with the strongest variation at middle and high latitudes. The column abundance, centroid layer height, and root‐mean‐square width of the K layer are consistent with the limited available lidar record. The K data set is then used to investigate the impact of polar mesospheric clouds on the metal layers at high latitudes during summer. Finally, the occurrence frequency of sporadic K layers and their possible link to sporadic E layers are examined.
Kinetic energy‐conserving hyperdiffusion can improve low resolution atmospheric models
Authors: Zurita‐Gotor Pablo , Held Isaac M. , Jansen Malte F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMotivated by findings that energetically consistent subgrid dissipation schemes can improve eddy‐permitting ocean simulations, this work investigates the impact of the subgrid dissipation scheme on low‐resolution atmospheric dynamical cores. A kinetic energy‐conserving dissipation scheme is implemented in the model adding a negative viscosity term that injects back into the eddy field the kinetic energy dissipated by horizontal hyperdiffusion. The kinetic energy‐conserving scheme enhances numerical convergence when horizontal resolution is changed with fixed vertical resolution and gives superior low‐resolution results. Improvements are most obvious for eddy kinetic energy but also found in other fields, particularly with strong or little scale‐selective horizontal hyperdiffusion. One advantage of the kinetic energy‐conserving scheme is that it reduces the sensitivity of the model to changes in the subgrid dissipation rate, providing more robust results.
Allergen stability of testing/treatment boards and immunotherapy vials with various diluents
Authors: Nida Andrew , Leatherman Bryan , Plunkett Greg , Mire Brad 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundOtolaryngologists commonly use glycerin and normal saline with phenol (NSP) in diluting solutions to help preserve allergenicity in immunotherapy vials. Studies have shown that diluting with human serum albumin (HSA) may provide better allergen stability. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of various diluents to preserve allergen content in testing/treatment boards (TTBs) and immunotherapy treatment vials (ITVs) at multiple time points.MethodsTTBs with 4 allergens were prepared with HSA, NSP, 10% glycerin, and 50% glycerin. The major allergen content of the TTBs was measured at creation (time 0), 3 days, 8 weeks, and 18 weeks. Multiallergen ITVs containing the 4 allergens were prepared from the NSP board (diluted to 10% glycerin) and the HSA board (diluted in HSA) at the time of making the freshly prepared TTBs and again 8 weeks later, simulating the creation of ITVs from a “new” and an “old” TTB. The major allergen content of these ITVs was determined at creation and at interval time points thereafter.ResultsTTBs and ITVs showed a substantial loss of allergen at day 3. The loss of allergen was more pronounced in the more dilute (#4, #5, and #6) vials. HSA and 50% glycerin showed superior allergen preservation compared to NSP and 10% glycerin in TTBs. HSA showed superior allergen preservation compared to 10% glycerin‐NSP in ITVs.ConclusionThe use of HSA as a diluent in TTBs and ITVs showed superior allergen preservation compared to NSP and 10% glycerin, particularly for more dilute vials.
Study on the properties of polyethylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared by a novel vane mixer
Authors: Huang Zhao‐Xia , Zhou Li‐Ying , Zhang Gui‐Zhen , Qu Jin‐Ping , He He‐Zhi 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA novel mixer‐vane mixer which is based on elongation flow was used to prepare high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites without any additives. The effect of elongation flow on MMT intercalating in HDPE matrix was studied in terms of rotor speed and mixing time. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope analyses showed that exfoliated and intercalated nanostructures were obtained when the rotor speed was 40 and 50 rpm, and mixing time was 6 minutes. For all samples prepared by vane mixer, MMT layers showed fine intercalation in the nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to study the thermal properties of the nanocomposites. The results showed that the addition of MMT can improve the crystallization of the HDPE. Tensile test revealed the relationships between the mechanical properties and process parameters. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42600.
Characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate blends incorporating unpurified biosustainably produced poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)
Authors: Martínez‐Abad Antonio , Cabedo Luis , Oliveira Catarina S. S. , Hilliou Loic , Reis Maria , Lagarón José María 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) produced by mixed bacterial cultures derived from a cheese whey (CW) industrial by‐product (unpurified PHBV; u‐PHBV) was incorporated into commercial PHBV without previous purification or isolation processes. The presence of certain impurities was evident as investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The crystallinity of the polymer fraction was decreased by about 3% compared to the commercial PHBV. The onset of thermal degradation was not substantially affected by the incorporation of the u‐PHBV fraction. A higher flexibility and elongation at break was mostly attributed to the increased contents in 3‐hydroxyvalerate in the blends with increasing u‐PHBV content. Water and D‐limonene vapor permeability were not affected up to u‐PHBV contents of 15 wt %. This study puts forth the potential use of unpurified PHBV obtained from mixed microbial cultures and grown from industrial by‐products as a cost‐effective additive to develop more affordable and waste valorized packaging articles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42633.
Physicochemical characterization of lignin recovered from microwave‐assisted delignified lignocellulosic biomass for use in biobased materials
Authors: Xie Jiulong , Hse Chung‐Yun , Shupe Todd F. , Hu Tingxing 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTLignocellulosic biomass (Moso Bamboo, Chinese tallow tree wood, switchgrass, and pine wood) was subjected to a novel delignification process using microwave energy in a binary glycerol/methanol solvent. The physicochemical properties of the recovered lignin were analyzed prior to its application in the fabrication of polylactic acid (PLA)–lignin composites. The results showed that the samples had a high Klason lignin content (>75%) and retained their natural structure. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the recovered lignin exhibited a different thermal decomposition pattern from that of commercial lignins. All the recovered lignins had good solubility in common organic solvents (acetone, 1,4‐dioxane, THF, DMSO, and ethanol/water) and 1 mol/L NaOH solution. The addition of lignin into the PLA matrix resulted in the improvement in tensile properties of PLA–lignin composites. PLA films with low lignin content had good UV light‐resistant properties, indicating that the recovered lignin has potential in packaging of light‐sensitive products. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42635.
Faulty Plant Reconfiguration Based on Disturbance Decoupling Methods
Authors: Kaldmäe A. , Kotta Ü. , Jiang B. , Shumsky A. , Zhirabok A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe disturbance decoupling problem by dynamic measurement feedback (DDDPM) for discrete‐time nonlinear control systems is considered in this paper. The mathematical approach known under the name “the algebra of functions” is used to derive an algorithm that finds, whenever possible, a measurement feedback which solves the DDDPM. Finally, the applicability of the DDDPM in fault tolerant control (FTC) is discussed.
Molecular Modeling and Simulation in Fluid Process Engineering
Authors: Horsch Martin , Hasse Hans 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMolecular simulation has reached a high degree of versatility due to the advance of massively‐parallel high performance computing. On the basis of physically realistic models of the intermolecular interactions, thermodynamic properties can be described and predicted with a high accuracy. Transport processes and heterogeneous systems can today be reliably simulated as well. This requires robust molecular models and simulation methods with a rigorous foundation on statistical mechanics. The state of the art is discussed here with a focus on applications in process engineering.
Safety and clinical effectiveness of drug‐eluting stents for saphenous vein graft intervention in older individuals: Results from the medicare‐linked National Cardiovascular Data Registry® CathPCI Registry® (2005–2009)
Authors: Brennan J. Matthew , Sketch Michael H. , Dai David , Trilesskaya Marina , Al‐Hejily Wesam , Rao Sunil V. , Brilakis Emmanouil , Messenger John C. , Shaw Richard E. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Peterson Eric D. , Douglas Pamela S. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety of drug‐eluting stents (DES) when treating patients with failing saphenous vein grafts (SVG).BackgroundDES reduce target vessel revascularization in patients with failing SVGs; however, compared with bare metal stents (BMS), DES have been variably associated with increased mortality.MethodsClinical records from National Cardiovascular Data Registry® CathPCI Registry® (49,325 older individuals [≥65 years] who underwent SVG stenting 2005–2009) were linked to Medicare claims to create a longitudinal record. Death, myocardial infarction (MI), and urgent revascularization with DES versus BMS were evaluated to 3 years using propensity matching (PM). Results were stratified by clinical presentation (acute coronary syndrome [ACS], non‐ACS), previous lesion treatment (in‐stent, de novo), and graft segment (aortic, body, distal anastomosis).ResultsIn this older cohort (median age, 75 years), acute presentations were prevalent (ACS, 69%; TIMI flow <3, 45%), and adverse clinical outcomes were common by 3 years (death, 24.5%; MI, 14.6%; urgent revascularization, 29.5%). Among DES patients (n = 31,403), 3‐year mortality was lower (vs. BMS) (22.7% vs. 28.0%, P < 0.001; PM hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.83–0.91), and no difference was observed in the adjusted risk for MI (PM HR 0.97, 0.91 to 1.03) or urgent revascularization (PM HR 1.04, 0.99–1.08). These findings were independent of clinical presentation, previous lesion treatment, and graft segment (P interaction, ns).ConclusionsIn this large SVG PCI cohort, all‐cause mortality was lower among those receiving DES, and no difference in MI or urgent revascularization was observed to 3 years. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pericardial covered stent for coronary perforations
Authors: Chen Shmuel , Lotan Chaim , Jaffe Ronen , Rubinshtein Ronen , Ben‐Assa Eyal , Roguin Ariel , Varshitzsky Boris , Danenberg Haim D. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate initial and long term results of coronary perforation treatment with pericardial covered stent.BackgroundIatrogenic coronary perforation is a rare life threatening complication of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) occurring in 0.1–0.8% of cases. Covered stents are the mainstay of therapy for coronary perforation. However, polytetrafluoroethylene covered stents are bulky with limited flexibility and thus may not be easy to deliver in difficult anatomy. Therefore, they are reserved to perforations in proximal or mid straight segments where their delivery is relatively easy. The pericardial covered stent is a highly deliverable fully covered stent that may be used to treat coronary perforations. Only a single case has been reported of the use of this stent in its previous version for the treatment of coronary perforation.MethodsThe electronic databases of four tertiary medical centers were retrospectively reviewed for cases of coronary perforations in which PCS was used. During a five years period, between 2008 and 2013, 18,364 patients underwent PCI in these centers. Nine cases of perforations for which balloon dilatation was not sufficient and pericardial covered stent was used were recorded.ResultsAll nine cases were successfully treated with pericardial covered stent. Six of the patients underwent repeated angiography at 2–15 months, and in two of them instent restenosis that warranted repeated angioplasty was observed. One of them was catheterized for NSTEMI 3 months after the covered stent implantation, and stent thrombosis was demonstrated.ConclusionsPericardial covered stents offer a safe and effective therapy for coronary perforation when balloon inflation and reversal of anticoagulation are insufficient. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ST‐segment elevation on intracoronary electrocardiogram after percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with worse outcome in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Hishikari Keiichi , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Lee Tetsumin , Murai Tadashi , Yonetsu Taishi , Isobe Mitsuaki 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesWe sought to examine whether intracoronary electrocardiogram (IC‐ECG) assessment in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) can predict cardiac outcomes.BackgroundThere has been no data correlating myocardial damage and cardiac events with an IC‐ECG ST‐segment change after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in NSTEMI patients.MethodsWe examined 111 NSTEMI patients undergoing PCI with an IC‐ECG recording. IC‐ECG ST‐segment elevation (STE) was defined as >0.1 mV in the risk area, located by placing the guidewire distal to the culprit lesion. Clinical characteristics and in‐hospital and long‐term follow‐up adverse cardiac event rates were compared between IC‐ECG STE and non‐IC‐ECG STE groups at the completion of PCI.ResultsIC‐ECG STE was observed in 36 patients (32.4%) immediately after PCI. Peak cardiac biomarkers were significantly elevated in patients with IC‐ECG STE versus those without (cardiac troponin I 31.9 ng/mL (18.0–104.5) vs. 8.2 ng/mL (1.8‐21.4); P < 0.001). At a median follow‐up of 35 months, the cardiac event free rate was significantly worse in patients with IC‐ECG STE than in those without (long‐rank test χ2 = 10.9; P = 0.001). Cox proportional hazards analysis showed IC‐ECG STE (hazard ratio, 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–4.70; P = 0.003) was an independent predictors of cardiac events.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that presence of IC‐ECG STE might help identify high‐risk NSTEMI patients with greater myocardial injury leading to adverse cardiac events. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of rotational atherectomy and outcomes over an eight‐year period
Authors: Couper Lachlan T. , Loane Philippa , Andrianopoulos Nick , Brennan Angela , Nanayakkara Shane , Nerlekar Nitesh , Scott Peter , Walton Anthony S. , Clark David J. , Duffy Stephen J. , Ajani Andrew E , Reid Chris , Shaw James A. ,   on behalf of the Melbourne Interventional Group (MIG) Investigators
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate outcomes of patients undergoing rotational atherectomy (RA) in a multicenter percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) registry.BackgroundRA remains an important technique for plaque modification in PCI, particularly with complex calcification.MethodsThe study population consisted of consecutive patients undergoing PCI in nine major Australian hospitals, who were treated over an 8‐year period (June 2004 to June 2012).ResultsOf 16,577 PCI's, 1.0% of patients n = 167 (214 lesions) underwent RA. Patients undergoing RA were more likely to be older (71.0 ± 9.7 vs. 64.4 ±11.9 years, P < 0.01), with greater incidence of diabetes (37.7% vs. 23.8%, P < 0.01) and renal impairment. There was no significant difference in procedural success (94.6% vs. 95.5%, P = 0.57), dissection (6.1% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.39), transient no reflow (4.4% vs. 2.8%, P = 0.23), or persistent no reflow (0% RA vs. 0.7% non‐RA, P = 0.23). Those undergoing RA had a low but increased risk of death at 12 months (6.6 vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04). There was no significant difference in 12 month major adverse cardiovascular outcomes (MACE) between groups following adjustment for univariate predictors (OR 1.00, 95%CI; 0.93–1.08). Additionally, there was no significant difference in 30‐day MACE (6.0% vs. 5.1%, P = 0.62) or 30‐day mortality (2.4% vs. 1.8%, P = 0.54) between groups.ConclusionsIn this large multicenter registry, RA continues to be used to treat complex lesions with low procedural complications and MACE rates. It is essential for interventional cardiologists to maintain skills in RA to enable effective percutaneous treatment of certain complex lesions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Role of Gender Differences in the Impact of CSR Perceptions on Corporate Marketing Outcomes
Authors: Hur Won‐Moo , Kim Hanna , Jang Joon Hyo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions regarding business sustainability. Another important objective of this study was to explore the moderating role of gender on the relationship between CSR perception and three corporate marketing outcomes (i.e., corporate brand equity, corporate distrust, and corporate hypocrisy). Using a sample of 867 consumers in South Korea, at‐test and hierarchical moderated regression analysis were employed to test four hypotheses. The results of this study showed that female consumers have a higher perception toward CSR than male consumers. The results also revealed that the positive relationship between CSR perception and corporate brand equity was stronger among men than women. In addition, the negative relationships between CSR perception and corporate distrust and between CSR perception and corporate hypocrisy were both stronger among men than women. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment