bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Error of Acoustic Particle Image Velocimetry and Its Correction
Authors: Mickiewicz Witold 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Particle Image Velocimetry is getting more and more often the method of choice not only for visualization of turbulent mass flows in fluid mechanics, but also in linear and non-linear acoustics for non-intrusive visualization of acoustic particle velocity. Particle Image Velocimetry with low sampling rate (about 15Hz) can be applied to visualize the acoustic field using the acquisition synchronized to the excitation signal. Such phase-locked PIV technique is described and used in experiments presented in the paper. The main goal of research was to propose a model of PIV systematic error due to non-zero time interval between acquisitions of two images of the examined sound field seeded with tracer particles, what affects the measurement of complex acoustic signals. Usefulness of the presented model is confirmed experimentally. The correction procedure, based on the proposed model, applied to measurement data increases the accuracy of acoustic particle velocity field visualization and creates new possibilities in observation of sound fields excited with multi-tonal or band-limited noise signals.
Practical precursor aspects for electron beam induced deposition
Authors: Mulders J.J.L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe purity of a structure made with electron beam induced deposition (EBID) is a the major concern when creating micro and nano-scale functionalities, for example for rapid prototyping. Substantial research focuses on the improvements of the purity using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) based precursors. However, from a practical point of view, many other aspects of a precursor are very relevant in the design of a process and the actual use of a tool for EBID. To a large extent, these precursorrelated characteristics will determine whether or not a precursor can successfully be applied. Some of these characteristics include: vapor pressure range, transition behavior, chemical stability, pyrolitic thresholds, release of corrosive ligands during deposition, toxicity, commercial availability, compatibility with the instrument and operator safety. These characteristic are discussed in more detail here in order to understand what an ideal EBID precursor may be. Although some parameters such as toxicity or flammability seem less important, in practice they can be a road block for application unless the main instrument, such as a regular scanning electron microscope (SEM), is adapted accordingly.
The Influence of European Climate Variability Mechanism on Air Temperatures in Romania
Authors: Ionac Nicoleta , Matei Monica 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The present paper investigates on the spatial and temporal variability of maximum and minimum air-temperatures in Romania and their connection to the European climate variability. The European climate variability is expressed by large scale parameters, which are roughly represented by the geopotential height at 500 hPa (H500) and air temperature at 850 hPa (T850). The Romanian data are represented by the time series at 22 weather stations, evenly distributed over the entire country’s territory. The period that was taken into account was 1961-2010, for the summer and winter seasons. The method of empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) has been used, in order to analyze the connection between the temperature variability in Romania and the same variability at a larger scale, by taking into consideration the atmosphere circulation. The time series associated to the first two EOF patterns of local temperatures and large-scale anomalies were considered with regard to trends and shifts in their mean values. The non- Mann-Kendall and Pettitt parametric tests were used in this respect. The results showed a strong correlation between T850 parameter and minimum and maximum air temperatures in Romania. Also, the ample variance expressed by the first EOF configurations suggests a connection between local and large scale climate variability.
An Episode of Late Blizzard, 25-26 March 2013
Authors: Danciu-Ciurlãu Doruţa 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Climatologically speaking, March is a month of transition, from the cold season to a less cold season, and, therefore, weather phenomena occur in a different way from how they usually do during the cold season. The transition between seasons or a late winter can sometimes cause phenomena that usually happened in January or February, at the end of March. Such a case was the snowstorm occurred in two episodes (22nd - 24th and 25th - 27th of March 2013) in Romania in March 2013. In this paper is analyzed the first episode which affected southeastern Romania from different points of view: climatologically, synoptically, economically and social. It was used climatologically data over a period of 112 years, as well as a data for the first 3 month of 2013 which were provided by the National Meteorological Administration (NMA). It has been used synoptic maps, different pressure levels maps, and satellite data, radar data, soundings, all provided by the National Center of Weather Forecast of the NMA. Other type of information from the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situation (IGSU) or other ministries and media were also taken into consideration.
The role of advanced glycation end products in various types of neurodegenerative disease: a therapeutic approach
Authors: Salahuddin Parveen , Rabbani Gulam , Khan Rizwan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractProtein glycation is initiated by a nucleophilic addition reaction between the free amino group from a protein, lipid or nucleic acid and the carbonyl group of a reducing sugar. This reaction forms a reversible Schiff base, which rearranges over a period of days to produce ketoamine or Amadori products. The Amadori products undergo dehydration and rearrangements and develop a cross-link between adjacent proteins, giving rise to protein aggregation or advanced glycation end products (AGEs). A number of studies have shown that glycation induces the formation of the β-sheet structure in β-amyloid protein, α-synuclein, transthyretin (TTR), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (Cu, Zn-SOD-1), and prion protein. Aggregation of the β-sheet structure in each case creates fibrillar structures, respectively causing Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, and prion disease. It has been suggested that oligomeric species of glycated α-synuclein and prion are more toxic than fibrils. This review focuses on the pathway of AGE formation, the synthesis of different types of AGE, and the molecular mechanisms by which glycation causes various types of neurodegenerative disease. It discusses several new therapeutic approaches that have been applied to treat these devastating disorders, including the use of various synthetic and naturally occurring inhibitors. Modulation of the AGE-RAGE axis is now considered promising in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, the review covers several defense enzymes and proteins in the human body that are important anti-glycating systems acting to prevent the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Treatment of Pegylated Interferon-α2a in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Demonstrating a Spontaneous Decline in HBV DNA after Acute Exacerbation
Authors: Cai Qingxian , Chen Fengjuan , Shao Xiaoqiong , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhao Zhixin , Gao Zhiliang 
Published: August 2014

Background Acute exacerbation (AE) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is usually followed by a spontaneous decline in HBV DNA levels. The subsequent treatment is controversial. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon-α2a (PEG-IFN-α2a) for such CHB patients. Methods A total of 74 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with a spontaneous HBV DNA decline (by >2 log10 IU•ml-1, compared with baseline levels before antiviral treatment) after AE (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]: 10–30-fold the upper limit of normal [ULN], total bilirubin [TBIL]: 2–20 mg•dl-1, prothrombin time activity >60%) were included. In total, 22 patients (group A) received PEG-IFN-α2a treatment (180 μg•kg-1•week-1, when ALT was <10 ULN and TBIL<2 mg•dl-1) for 48 weeks, with 48 weeks of treatment-free follow-up. Twenty-one patients (group B) selected continual entecavir therapy. Thirty-one patients (group C, control group) received routine liver-protective drugs. Results At week 96, virological response rates were 90.5%, 100% and 48%, and ALT normalization rates were 81%, 95% and 40% for groups A, B and C, respectively. HBeAg seroconversion rates were 71.4%, 45% and 32% in groups A, B and C, respectively. A high hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss rate was observed in PEG-IFN-α2a-treated patients, while no entecavir-treated patients achieved HBsAg loss. Group A patients suffered from typical PEG-IFN therapy-related adverse events. No severe adverse event was observed in any groups. Conclusions PEG-IFN-α2a is effective and safe for treating CHB patients demonstrating a spontaneous decline in HBV DNA after AE, and yields an increased likelihood of HBsAg loss.
Limb salvage in musculoskeletal oncology: Recent advances
Authors: Puri Ajay 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe treatment of musculoskeletal sarcomas has made vast strides in the last few decades. From an era where amputation was the only option to the current day function preserving resections and complex reconstructions has been a major advance. The objectives of extremity reconstruction after oncologic resection include providing skeletal stability where necessary, adequate wound coverage to allow early subsequent adjuvant therapy, optimising the aesthetic outcome and preservation of functional capability with early return to function. This article highlights the concepts of surgical margins in oncology, discusses the principles governing safe surgical resection in these tumors and summarises the current modalities and recent developments relevant to reconstruction after limb salvage. The rationale of choice of a particular resection modality, the unique challenges of reconstruction in skeletally immature individuals and the impact of adjuvant modalities like chemotherapy and radiotherapy on surgical outcomes are also discussed.
Three-dimensional assessment of unilateral subcondylar fracture using computed tomography after open reduction
Authors: Devireddy Sathya Kumar , Kumar R. V. Kishore , Gali Rajasekhar , Kanubaddy Sridhar Reddy , Dasari Mallikarjuna Rao , Siddhartha Mannava 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim was to assess the accuracy of three-dimensional anatomical reductions achieved by open method of treatment in cases of displaced unilateral mandibular subcondylar fractures using preoperative (pre op) and postoperative (post op) computed tomography (CT) scans. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 10 patients with unilateral sub condylar fractures confirmed by an orthopantomogram were included. A pre op and post op CT after 1 week of surgical procedure was taken in axial, coronal and sagittal plane along with three-dimensional reconstruction. Standard anatomical parameters, which undergo changes due to fractures of the mandibular condyle were measured in pre and post op CT scans in three planes and statistically analysed for the accuracy of the reduction comparing the following variables: (a) Pre op fractured and nonfractured side (b) post op fractured and nonfractured side (c) pre op fractured and post op fractured side. P <; 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Three-dimensional anatomical reduction was possible in 9 out of 10 cases (90%). The statistical analysis of each parameter in three variables revealed (P <; 0.05) that there was a gross change in the dimensions of the parameters obtained in pre op fractured and nonfractured side. When these parameters were assessed in post op CT for the three variables there was no statistical difference between the post op fractured side and non fractured side. The same parameters were analysed for the three variables in pre op fractured and post op fractured side and found significant statistical difference suggesting a considerable change in the dimensions of the fractured side post operatively. Conclusion: The statistical and clinical results in our study emphasised that it is possible to fix the condyle in three-dimensional anatomical positions with open method of treatment and avoid post op degenerative joint changes. CT is the ideal imaging tool and should be used on a regular basis for cases of condylar fractures.
A novel method for blood volume estimation using trivalent chromium in rabbit models
Authors: Baby Prathap Moothamadathil , Kumar Pramod , Kumar Rajesh , Jacob Sanu S. , Rawat Dinesh , Binu V. S. , Karun Kalesh M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
Background: Blood volume measurement though important in management of critically ill-patients is not routinely estimated in clinical practice owing to labour intensive, intricate and time consuming nature of existing methods. Aims: The aim was to compare blood volume estimations using trivalent chromium [51 Cr(III)] and standard Evans blue dye (EBD) method in New Zealand white rabbit models and establish correction-factor (CF). Materials and Methods: Blood volume estimation in 33 rabbits was carried out using EBD method and concentration determined using spectrophotometric assay followed by blood volume estimation using direct injection of 51Cr(III). Twenty out of 33 rabbits were used to find CF by dividing blood volume estimation using EBD with blood volume estimation using 51Cr(III). CF is validated in 13 rabbits by multiplying it with blood volume estimation values obtained using 51Cr(III). Results: The mean circulating blood volume of 33 rabbits using EBD was 142.02 ± 22.77 ml or 65.76 ± 9.31 ml/kg and using 51Cr(III) was estimated to be 195.66 ± 47.30 ml or 89.81 ± 17.88 ml/kg. The CF was found to be 0.77. The mean blood volume of 13 rabbits measured using EBD was 139.54 ± 27.19 ml or 66.33 ± 8.26 ml/kg and using 51Cr(III) with CF was 152.73 ± 46.25 ml or 71.87 ± 13.81 ml/kg (P = 0.11). Conclusions: The estimation of blood volume using 51Cr(III) was comparable to standard EBD method using CF. With further research in this direction, we envisage human blood volume estimation using 51Cr(III) to find its application in acute clinical settings.
Contar histórias: uma proposta de avaliação assistida da narrativa infantil
Authors: Motta Alessandra Brunoro , Enumo Sônia Regina Fiorim , Rodrigues Maria Margarida Pereira , Leite Lidiane 
Published: August 2014

A linguagem tem um papel central na vida humana, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas e sociais. Entre as formas de avaliar o comportamento lingüístico infantil, as narrativas têm sido empregadas por meio de atividades como descrever figuras e recontar histórias. A avaliação feita por procedimento assistido em que o avaliador auxilia a criança, após uma fase inicial sem ajuda, testando sem auxílio novamente ao final, tem se mostrado apropriada. Investigando este procedimento, esta pesquisa avaliou a narrativa de 10 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 5 e 7 anos, freqüentando uma pré-escola pública de Vitória/ES. Foi utilizado um instrumento de avaliação e intervenção assistida da narrativa, o qual avalia aspectos da narração de histórias, por meio de 2 livros de histórias, com desenhos coloridos. Todas as crianças melhoraram a produtividade da história 1 para a história 2 em pelo menos um dos aspectos avaliados. Sobre os componentes, idéias e linguagem e estrutura da narrativa, destacam-se os componentes “informação sobre as personagens” (90%) e “complexidade do vocabulário” (80%) pelo percentual de melhora igual ou superior a 80%. O instrumento mostrou-se adequado à avaliação da narrativa infantil, envolvendo a criança durante a aplicação. Palavras-chave: avaliação da linguagem; avaliação assistida; narrativa infantil.
Competência acadêmica de crianças do Ensino Fundamental: características sociodemográficas e relação com habilidades sociais
Authors: Bandeira Marina , Rocha Sandra Silva , Pires Luisa Gonçalves , Del Prette Zilda Aparecida Pereira , Del Prette Almir 
Published: August 2014

Esta pesquisa avaliou características da competência acadêmica em sua relação com o repertório de habilidades sociais e com variáveis sociodemográficas de uma amostra de 257 crianças de 1ª a 4ª séries do Ensino Fundamental. Foi aplicada a escala SSRS (Social Skills Rating System) a 185 crianças, seus pais e 12 professores. O questionário Critério Brasil foi usado para avaliação sócio-econômica. Os resultados mostraram que 7,9% dos estudantes apresentavam muita dificuldade de aprendizagem. As meninas obtiveram escores mais elevados do que os meninos em competência acadêmica. As crianças de escola particular apresentaram melhores índices do que as de escolas públicas. Uma melhor competência foi observada em crianças de nível socioeconômico mais elevado. Quanto maior era o nível das habilidades sociais das crianças, melhor era a competência acadêmica e menor o número de reprovações. Estes resultados confirmam os dados da literatura e sugerem a necessidade de intervenções visando promover as habilidades sociais em contexto escolar. Palavras-chave: competência acadêmica; habilidades sociais; crianças; ensino fundamental; variáveis sociodemográficas.
Imunização ao desamparo aprendido após reforçamento positivo em ratos
Authors: Hunziker Maria Helena Leite , De Lima Raquel Scarpa Gebara Garcia de 
Published: August 2014

Este estudo investigou se a exposição a diferentes contingências de reforçamento positivo, antes do tratamento com choques incontroláveis, pode impedir o desenvolvimento do desamparo aprendido em ratos (efeito de imunização). Foram manipulados cinco grupos de ratos Wistar (n= 8). Sujeitos de três grupos foram submetidos a sessões de reforçamento positivo (CRF, FR6 ou múltiplo-concorrente FR 6/Extinção), seguidas de uma sessão de choques incontroláveis e outra de teste de fuga. Sujeitos de outro grupo foram expostos apenas a sessões de choques incontroláveis e teste de fuga, sendo que os animais do grupo restante foram expostos apenas à sessão de teste de fuga. Os resultados no teste mostraram que apenas os animais submetidos previamente aos choques incontroláveis apresentaram dificuldade na aprendizagem de fuga (desamparo aprendido). Contudo, aqueles expostos inicialmente ao reforçamento positivo tiveram reduzido o efeito dos choques incontroláveis, independente da contingência utilizada. Esses resultados sugerem que a exposição repetida ao reforçamento positivo pode produzir o efeito de imunização. Palavras-chave: desamparo aprendido; efeito de humanização; controle aversivo.
Percepção de auto-eficácia e auto-relato de falhas de memória prospectiva e retrospectiva
Authors: Benites Daniela , Jacques Sidia M. Callegari , Gauer Gustavo , Gomes William B. 
Published: August 2014

A percepção de auto-eficácia geral em jovens e idosos serviu de base para o estudo das diferenças entre o auto-relato de falhas de memória prospectiva e retrospectiva. Uma amostra de 642 participantes, com idade entre 16 e 81 anos (26,62±13,89), respondeu ao Questionário Sociodemográfico, à Escala de Auto-eficácia Geral Percebida (EAEGP), e ao Questionário de Memória Prospectiva e Retrospectiva (PRMQ-10). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, auto-eficácia geral apresentou maior correlação com o auto-relato de falhas de memória prospectiva, enquanto idade e escolaridade correlacionaram com o auto-relato de falhas de memória retrospectiva. Como resultado adicional, verificou-se que existem pontos de reciprocidade entre auto-relato de falhas de memória e resultados de desempenho em tarefas de memória. Tais resultados assinalam maior vinculação entre as dimensões de auto-eficácia e a memória prospectiva. Palavras-chave: auto-eficácia; memória; auto-relato.
Teoria da Mente e compreensão da representação gráfica de conteúdos mentais ("balões de pensamento")
Authors: Ottoni Eduardo B. , Rodriguez Cláudia Fernanda , Barreto Janaína Corazza 
Published: August 2014

Estudou-se a ontogênese da Teoria da Mente (atribuição de pensamentos e conteúdos mentais a outros indivíduos) por meio da representação gráfica de “balões de pensamento”, examinando-se indicadores de diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento, como a compreensão de “falsas crenças” (conteúdos mentais conflitantes entre si ou com a realidade) e de ordens mais complexas de representação (pensamentos sobre pensamentos). Crianças de 3 a 13 anos de idade responderam a questões associadas aos tópicos: “pensamento X realidade” (contraste entre as propriedades dos objetos reais e a privacidade dos pensamentos), pensamentos diferentes sobre o mesmo objeto (possibilidade de pessoas diferentes terem idéias distintas sobre algo cuja real natureza é desconhecida), “falsa crença” (entendimento de que outros podem ter uma representação incorreta, quando é conhecida a correta) e representações de 2ª e 3ª ordem. Uma compreensão da representação gráfica de conteúdos mentais começa a aparecer de forma significativa por volta dos 5 anos e se consolida aos 7 anos de idade. A compreensão da situação envolvendo “falsa crença” surge, em alguns casos, entre 4 e 5 anos e é generalizada entre as crianças de 9 anos, idade em que começam a ser capazes de descrever verbalmente representações de 2ª e 3ª ordens. Palavras-chave: Teoria da Mente; balões de pensamento; falsa crença.
Relações entre os Testes de Bender e Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven na avaliação da inteligência
Authors: Sisto Fermino Fernandes , Bartholomeu Daniel , Rueda Fabián Javier Marín , Dos Santos Acácia Aparecida Angeli , Noronha Ana Paula Porto 
Published: August 2014

Esta pesquisa estudou as relações entre o Teste Gestaltico Visomotor de Bender avaliado conforme o Sistema de Pontuação Gradual (B-SPG) e as Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven. Participaram desta pesquisa 280 sujeitos com idades variando de sete a 10 anos com média de oito anos (DP=1,11) de ambos os sexos. Os testes foram aplicados coletivamente. Dentre os resultados, encontraram-se correlações negativas e significativas entre a medida do Bender e das séries do Raven, bem como com seu total, indicando que quanto mais distorções as crianças fazem nas cópias, menor a pontuação no Raven. A análise de grupos extremos formados com base no desempenho nas Matrizes Progressivas corrobora esse achado, na medida em que demonstrou diferenças das crianças mais e menos inteligentes quanto à distorção das figuras, sendo que as mais inteligentes apresentaram menos distorções no Bender em comparação com as que tinham pior desempenho no Raven. Palavras-chave: avaliação da inteligência; Bender – Sistema de Pontuação Gradual; Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven; validação.