bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Action of Minocycline Microspheres Versus 810‐nm Diode Laser on Human Dental Plaque Microcosm Biofilms
Authors: Song Xiaoqing , Yaskell Tina , Klepac‐Ceraj Vanja , Lynch Michael C. , Soukos Nikolaos S. 
Published: June 2013

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial effects of minocycline hydrochloride microspheres versus infrared light at 810 nm from a diode laser on multispecies oral biofilms in vitro. These biofilms were grown from dental plaque inoculum (oral microcosms) and were obtained from six systemically healthy individuals with generalized chronic periodontitis.Methods: Multispecies biofilms were derived using supra‐ and subgingival plaque samples from mesio‐buccal aspects of premolars and molars exhibiting probing depths in the 4‐ to 5‐mm range and 1‐ to 2‐mm attachment loss. Biofilms were developed anaerobically on blood agar surfaces in 96‐well plates using a growth medium of prereduced, anaerobically sterilized brain–heart infusion with 2% horse serum. Minocycline HCl 1 mg microspheres were applied on biofilms on days 2 and 5 of their development. Biofilms were also exposed on days 2 and 5 of their growth to 810‐nm light for 30 seconds using a power of 0.8 W in a continuous‐wave mode. The susceptibility of microorganisms to minocycline or infrared light was evaluated by a colony‐forming assay and DNA probe analysis at different time points.Results: At all time points of survival assessment, minocycline was more effective (>2 log10 colony‐forming unit reduction) than light treatment (P <0.002). Microbial analysis did not reveal susceptibility of certain dental plaque pathogens to light, and it was not possible after treatment with minocycline due to lack of bacterial growth.Conclusion: The cumulative action of minocycline microspheres on multispecies oral biofilms in vitro led to enhanced killing of microorganisms, whereas a single exposure of light at 810 nm exhibited minimal and non‐selective antimicrobial effects.
Periodontal Fibroblasts Modulate Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells Through Production of Fibroblast Growth Factors
Authors: Kook Sung‐Ho , Jeon Young‐Mi , Park Song‐Soo , Lee Jeong‐Chae 
Published: June 2013

Background: Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLFs) maintain homeostasis of periodontal ligaments by producing paracrine factors that affect various functions of stem‐like cells. It is hypothesized that PLFs induce proliferation and differentiation of stem cells more effectively than gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and skin fibroblasts (SFs).Methods: PLFs and GFs were isolated from extracted teeth and cultured in the presence and absence of osteogenesis‐inducing factors. Mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells and SFs were purchased commercially. mES cells were incubated with culture supernatants of these fibroblasts or cocultured directly with the cells. Proliferation and mineralization in mES cells were determined at various times of incubation. Immunostaining and polymerase chain reaction were performed. The activity of mitogen‐activated protein kinase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was also measured.Results: In cocultures, PLFs stimulated proliferation of mES cells more effectively than GFs or SFs. Similarly, the addition of culture supernatant of PLFs induced the most prominent proliferation of mES cells, and this was significantly inhibited by treatment with antibody against fibroblast growth factor (FGF)4 or the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 (anthra[1,9‐cd]pyrazol‐6(2H)‐one). Supplementation with culture supernatant from the fibroblasts induced osteogenic differentiation of mES cells in the order PLFs > GFs > SFs. These activities of PLFs were related to their potential to produce osteogenic markers, such as ALP and runt‐related transcription factor‐2 (Runx2), and to secrete FGF7. Pretreatment of mES cells with the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase inhibitor PD98059 [2‐(2‐amino‐3‐methyoxyphenyl)‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one] or SP600125 clearly attenuated mineralization induced by culture supernatant of PLF with attendant decreases in mRNA levels of Runx2, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and osteopontin.Conclusion: PLFs regulate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mES cells more strongly than GFs and SFs via the secretion of FGF through a mechanism that involves mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐mediated signaling.
On weaker forms of the chain (F) condition and metacompactness-like covering properties in the product spaces
Authors: Önal Süleyman , Vural Çetin 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We introduce the concept of a family of sets generating another family. Then we prove that if X is a topological space and X has W = {W(x): x ∈ X} which is finitely generated by a countable family satisfying (F) which consists of families each Noetherian of ω-rank, then X is metaLindelöf as well as a countable product of them. We also prove that if W satisfies ω-rank (F) and, for every x ∈ X, W(x) is of the form W
0(x) ∪ W
1(x), where W
0(x) is Noetherian and W
1(x) consists of neighbourhoods of x, then X is metacompact.
A way to identify archaellins in Halobacterium salinarum archaella by FLAG-tagging
Authors: Beznosov Sergei , Pyatibratov Michael , Veluri Pavan , Mitra Sagar , Fedorov Oleg 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In the current study, haloarchaea Halobacterium salinarum cells were transformed individually with each of the modified archaellin genes (flaA1, flaA2 and flaB2) containing an oligonucleotide insert encoding the FLAG peptide (DYKDDDDK). The insertion site was selected to expose the FLAG peptide on the archaella filament surface. Three types of transformed cells synthesizing archaella, containing A1, A2, or B2 archaellin modified with FLAG peptide were obtained. Electron microscopy of archaella has demonstrated that in each case the FLAG peptide is available for the specific antibody binding. It was shown for the first time that the B2 archaellin, like archaellins A1 and A2, is found along the whole filament length.
On ordered semigroups which are semilattices of left simple semigroups
Authors: Kehayopulu Niovi , Tsingelis Michael 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
It has been proved by Tôru Saitô that a semigroup S is a semilattice of left simple semigroups, that is, it is decomposable into left simple semigroups, if and only if the set of left ideals of S is a semilattice under the multiplication of subsets, and that this is equivalent to say that S is left regular and every left ideal of S is two-sided. Besides, S. Lajos has proved that a semigroup S is left regular and the left ideals of S are two-sided if and only if for any two left ideals L
1, L
2 of S, we have L
1 ∩ L
2 = L
1
L
2. The present paper generalizes these results in case of ordered semigroups. Some additional information concerning the semigroups (without order) are also obtained.
On Gibson functions with connected graphs
Authors: Karlova Olena , Mykhaylyuk Volodymyr 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A function f: X → Y between topological spaces is said to be a weakly Gibson function if $f(\bar G) \subseteq \overline {f(G)} $ for any open connected set G ⊆ X. We call a function f: X → Y segmentary connected if X is topological vector space and f([a, b]) is connected for every segment [a, b] ⊆ X. We show that if X is a hereditarily Baire space, Y is a metric space, f: X → Y is a Baire-one function and one of the following conditions holds:
(i)X is a connected and locally connected space and f is a weakly Gibson function(ii)X is an arcwise connected space and f is a Darboux function(iii)X is a topological vector space and f is a segmentary connected function, then f has a connected graph.
The compound logarithmic function
Authors: Gu Zhendong , Sun Daochun 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We define the compound logarithmic function on simple connected region. As an application of such function, we point out a slight mistake of Hayman in his proof for logarithmic derivative theorem (Lemma 2.3, Page 36), in his book Meromorphic Functions, published in 1964. We modify his proof.
The $\bar \partial $-problem on q-pseudoconvex domains with applications
Authors: Saber S. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
For a q-pseudoconvex domain Ω in ℂn, 1 ≤ q ≤ n, with Lipschitz boundary, we solve the $\bar \partial $-problem with exact support in Ω. Moreover, we solve the $\bar \partial $-problem with solutions smooth up to the boundary over Ω provided that it has smooth boundary. Applications are given to the solvability of the tangential Cauchy-Riemann equations on the boundary.
A generalization of a 4-dimensional Einstein manifold
Authors: Euh Yunhee , Park Jeong , Sekigawa Kouei 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A weakly Einstein manifold is a natural generalization of a 4-dimensional Einstein manifold. In this paper, we shall give a characterization of a weakly Einstein manifold in terms of so-called generalized Singer-Thorpe bases. As an application, we prove a generalization of the Hitchin inequality for compact weakly Einstein 4-manifolds. Examples are provided to illustrate the theorems.
The current economic and debt crisis in eurozone and crisis of grand theories of European integration
Authors: Leška Dušan 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The economic and debt crisis threaten many eurozone countries and the very existence of the common currency, the euro. The crisis has meant that some special mechanisms have had to be created (EFSF, ESM) and the introduction of special procedures in heavily indebted countries. The deepening of the crisis and the economic recession in the euro area have resulted in the growth of nationalism and anti-European sentiments in EU member states. Resolving the crisis, however, requires further convergence of the eurozone countries, the formation of a fiscal union and a banking union. At the same time, the crisis has shown that the grand theories of European integration, neo-functionalism and liberal intergovernmentalism, have failed to provide answers to the questions raised by the crisis, and this has led to the growing importance of social constructivism.
Geoheritage values of one of the largest maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula: the Al Wahbah Crater and other volcanoes (Harrat Kishb, Saudi Arabia)
Authors: Moufti Mohammed , Németh Károly , El-Masry Nabil , Qaddah Atef 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAl Wahbah Crater is one of the largest and deepest Quaternary maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula. It is NW-SE-elongated, ∼2.3 km wide, ∼250 m deep and surrounded by an irregular near-perpendicular crater wall cut deeply into the Proterozoic diorite basement. Very few scientific studies have been conducted on this unique site, especially in respect to understanding the associated volcanic eruption processes. Al Wahbah and adjacent large explosion craters are currently a research subject in an international project, Volcanic Risk in Saudi Arabia (VORiSA). The focus of VORiSA is to characterise the volcanic hazards and eruption mechanisms of the vast volcanic fields in Western Saudi Arabia, while also defining the unique volcanic features of this region for use in future geoconservation, geoeducation and geotourism projects. Al Wahbah is inferred to be a maar crater that formed due to an explosive interaction of magma and water. The crater is surrounded by a tephra ring that consists predominantly of base surge deposits accumulated over a pre-maar scoria cone and underlying multiple lava flow units. The tephra ring acted as an obstacle against younger lava flows that were diverted along the margin of the tephra ring creating unique lava flow surface textures that recorded inflation and deflation processes along the margin of the post-maar lava flow. Al Wahbah is a unique geological feature that is not only a dramatic landform but also a site that can promote our understanding of complex phreatomagmatic monogenetic volcanism. The complex geological features perfectly preserved at Al Wahbah makes this site as an excellent geotope and a potential centre of geoeducation programs that could lead to the establishment of a geopark in the broader area at the Kishb Volcanic Field.
Evaluation of seismogenesis behavior in Himalayan belt using data mining tools for forecasting
Authors: Dutta Pushan , Mishra O. , Naskar Mrinal 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn the proposed study, non-linear behavioral patterns in the seismic regime for earthquakes in the Himalayan basin have been studied using a complete, verified EQ catalogue comprised of all major events and their aftershock sequences in the Himalayan basin for the past 110 years [1900–2010]. The dataset has been analyzed to give better decision making criteria for impending earthquakes. A series of statistical tests based on multi-dimensional rigorous statistical studies, inter-event distance analyses, and statistical time analyses have been used to obtain correlation dimensions. The time intervals of earthquakes within a seismic regime have been used to train the neural network to analyze the nature of earthquake patterns in the different clusters. The results obtained from descriptive statistics show high correlation with previously conducted gravity studies and radon anomaly variation. A study of the time of recurrence of the numerical properties of the regime for 60 years from 1950 to 2010 for the Himalayan belt for analysis of significant EQ failure events has been done to find the best fit for an empirical data probability distribution. The distribution of waiting time of swarm events occurring in the Himalayan basin follows a power-law model, while independent events do not fit the power-law distribution. This suggests that probability of the occurrence of swarm events [M ⩽ 6.0] with frequent shaking may be more frequent than that of the occurrence of independent events of magnitude [M >6.0] in the Himalayan belt. We propose a three-layer feed forward neural network model to identify factors, with the actual occurrence of the maximum earthquake level M as input and target vectors in Himalayan basin area. We infer through a series of statistical results and evaluations that probabilistic forecasting of earthquakes can be achieved by finding the meta-stable cluster zones of the Himalayan clusters for the spatio-temporal distribution of earthquakes in the area.
Mechanical properties of aluminum extruded via the KOBO method with direct and lateral outflow
Authors: Bochniak Włodzimierz , Korbel Andrzej , Ostachowski Pawel , Paliborek Anna 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Aluminum was extruded via the KOBO method with direct and lateral outflow at ambient temperature with an extrusion ratio of λ = 100, keeping constant extrusion force all the time. Despite the far different metal flow geometries, in both cases products were obtained with very good quality (die shape reflection and surface state) and a slight variation in mechanical properties. It was also found that higher torsion angle of extruded metal lowers their levels.
The results show both the real possibilities of conducting the extrusion process with lateral outflow, as well as a successive argument supporting the concept of superplastic flow of metal in the KOBO process.
Corrosion behaviour of AISI 204Cu and AISI 304 stainless steels in simulated pore solution
Authors: Kocijan Aleksandra 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The evolution of the passive films on AISI 204Cu and AISI 304 stainless steels in simulated pore solution for steel reinforcements in concrete, and with and without the addition of chloride, was studied using cyclic voltammetry and potentiodynamic measurements. The passive layers were studied at open-circuit potential by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The passive films on both materials predominantly contained Cr-oxides, whereas the Fe-species were markedly depleted. Mn-enrichment was also observed. The addition of chloride ions did not have a significant influence on the composition of the passive layers. The surface morphology of the products formed on the surface of both investigated materials at open-circuit potential and at high over-potentials in the presence of chloride was studied using scanning electron microscopy.
Ageing texture of hot rolled and solution treated Ti–Nb alloys
Authors: Banumathy Sankaranarayanan , Mandal Rajiv Kumar , Singh Ashok Kumar 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Ageing textures of three alloys, namely, Ti-8Nb, Ti-12Nb and Ti-16Nb have been studied in β STWQ and α + β STWQ specimens at three different temperatures. Ageing treatments in the present study are associated with phase transformation as well as the growth of orientations of the transformation products. The development of an ideal c-type texture depends on alloy composition, solution treatment and ageing treatment temperatures. The 450°C aged specimens of the alloys Ti-8Nb (β STWQ and α + β STWQ) and Ti-12Nb (α + β STWQ) possessed c-type texture. The presence of β phase weakens the basal component and strengthens non-basal components in {0002} pole figure. The resultant texture of 550°C aged specimens appears to be independent of the texture of the starting material.
Nitrogen deposition, plant carbon allocation, and soil microbes: Changing interactions due to enrichment
Authors: Farrer Emily C. , Herman Donald J. , Franzova Eva , Pham Trang , Suding Katharine N. 
Published: June 2013

• Premise of the study: Nitrogen (N) inputs to the terrestrial environment have doubled worldwide during the past century. N negatively impacts plant diversity, but it is unknown why some species are more susceptible than others. While it is often assumed that competition drives species decline, N enrichment also strongly affects soil microbial communities. Can these changes affect plant–microbe interactions in ways that differentially influence success of plant species? Furthermore, can altered plant–microbe interactions lead to carbon (C) limitation in plants?• Methods: We focused on a species that increases (Deschampsia cespitosa) and one that decreases (Geum rossii) in abundance in N‐fertilized plots in alpine tundra. We measured soil microbes using phospholipid fatty acids, and C limitation and transfer using a 13C tracer experiment, C:N ratios, nonstructural carbohydrates, and leaf preformation.• Key results: While N profoundly influenced microbial communities, this change occurred similarly in association with both plant species. N addition did not alter total C allocation to microbes in either species, but it changed patterns of microbial C acquisition more in Geum, specifically in gram‐negative bacteria. Geum showed evidence of C limitation: it allocated less C to storage organs, had lower C:N and carbohydrate stores, and fewer preformed leaves in N plots.• Conclusions: Carbon limitation may explain why some species decline with N enrichment, and the decline may be due to physiological responses of plants to N rather than to altered plant–microbe interactions. Global change will alter many processes important in structuring plant communities; noncompetitive mechanisms of species decline may be more widespread than previously thought.
Role of IRF4 in IFN-Stimulated Gene Induction and Maintenance of Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Latency in Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Forero Adriana , Moore Patrick S. , Sarkar Saumendra N. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIFN regulatory factor (IRF) 4 is a hematopoietic cell–specific transcription factor that regulates the maturation and differentiation of immune cells. Using an inducible expression system, we found that IRF4 directly induced a specific subset of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in a type I IFN–independent manner in both epithelial and B cell lines. Moreover, Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV)–encoded viral FLICE inhibitory protein (vFLIP) enhances IRF4-mediated gene induction. Coexpression of IRF4 with vFLIP significantly increased ISG60 (IFIT3) and Cig5 (RSAD2) transcription that was dependent on the ability of vFLIP to activate NF-κB. A vFLIP mutant (A57L) defective in NF-κB activation failed to enhance IRF4-mediated ISG induction. Thus, we provide a physiologically relevant mechanism by which viral protein–mediated NF-κB activation modulates specific ISG induction by IRF4. In contrast, IRF4 also acted as a negative regulator of KSHV replication and transcription activator expression after induction of KSHV lytic reactivation in KSHV-positive primary effusion lymphoma cells. Taken together, these results suggest a dual role for IRF4 in regulating ISG induction and KSHV lytic reactivation in primary effusion lymphoma cells.
Depletion of Alveolar Macrophages during Influenza Infection Facilitates Bacterial Superinfections
Authors: Ghoneim Hazem E. , Thomas Paul G. , McCullers Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Viruses such as influenza suppress host immune function by a variety of methods. This may result in significant morbidity through several pathways, including facilitation of secondary bacterial pneumonia from pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. PKH26-phagocytic cell labeling dye was administered intranasally to label resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) in a well-established murine model before influenza infection to determine turnover kinetics during the course of infection. More than 90% of resident AMs were lost in the first week after influenza, whereas the remaining cells had a necrotic phenotype. To establish the impact of this innate immune defect, influenza-infected mice were challenged with S. pneumoniae. Early AM-mediated bacterial clearance was significantly impaired in influenza-infected mice: ∼50% of the initial bacterial inoculum could be harvested from the alveolar airspace 3 h later. In mock-infected mice, by contrast, &gt;95% of inocula up to 50-fold higher was efficiently cleared. Coinfection during the AM depletion phase caused significant body weight loss and mortality. Two weeks after influenza, the AM population was fully replenished with successful re-establishment of early innate host protection. Local GM-CSF treatment partially restored the impaired early bacterial clearance with efficient protection against secondary pneumococcal pneumonia. We conclude that resident AM depletion occurs during influenza infection. Among other potential effects, this establishes a niche for secondary pneumococcal infection by altering early cellular innate immunity in the lungs, resulting in pneumococcal outgrowth and lethal pneumonia. This novel mechanism will inform development of novel therapeutic approaches to restore lung innate immunity against bacterial superinfections.
Cutting Edge: IL-12 and Type I IFN Differentially Program CD8 T Cells for Programmed Death 1 Re-expression Levels and Tumor Control
Authors: Gerner Michael Y. , Heltemes-Harris Lynn M. , Fife Brian T. , Mescher Matthew F. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Naive CD8 T cells proliferate in response to TCR and CD28 signals, but require IL-12 or type I IFN to survive and develop optimal effector functions. Although murine CTL generated in vitro in response to IL-12 or IFN-α had comparable effector functions, IL-12–stimulated cells were significantly more effective in controlling tumor in an adoptive immunotherapy model. They maintained high numbers and function, whereas IFN-α–stimulated cells declined in number and became exhausted. Consistent with this, IFN-α–stimulated cells in the tumor expressed higher levels of programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitory receptor than did IL-12–stimulated cells. When blocking Ab specific for the PD-L1 ligand of PD-1 was administered, the efficacy of IFN-α–stimulated CTL became comparable with that of IL-12–stimulated cells. Thus, IL-12 and IFN-α differentially program CD8 T cells to re-express distinct levels of PD-1 upon re-encountering Ag, resulting in IL-12–stimulated cells being less susceptible to exhaustion in the face of sustained tumor Ag.