bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[4+2] vs [3+2] Annulations in the Nickel‐ and Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reaction of ortho‐Haloimines with Alkynes: Differential Reactivity towards the Synthesis of Isoquinolines and Aminoindenes
Authors: Mannathan Subramaniyan , Cheng Chien‐Hong 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed annulation reactions to synthesize carbo‐ and heterocycles have been an attractive field of research for many years. The development of new cyclization reactions utilizing readily available less expensive metal catalyst is one of the important tasks. In this regard, this review summerizes and discusses about nickel‐ and cobalt‐catalyzed [4+2] and [3+2] annulation reactions of ortho‐halo substituted imines and alkynes. Nickel complexes under suitable reaction conditions underwent [4+2] annulation to form six‐membered isoquinoline (salts) derivatives. However, cobalt complexes afforded aminoindenes via [3+2] annulation reactions. Both reactions proceed through a five membered metallacycle. The regioselective insertion of alkyne containing keto or ester groups into the metallacycle further demonstrates the difference in selectivity of these metal complexes.
Intravenous lobular capillary hemangioma occurring in the cephalic vein of a 39‐year‐old adult
Authors: Ahn Sung Eun , Park Ji Seon , Ryu Kyung Nam , Jin Wook , Park So Young 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIntravenous lobular capillary hemangiomas are extremely uncommon and mostly occur in the veins of the neck and upper extremities. Here, we report the clinical and sonographic features of an intravenous lobular capillary hemangioma localized in the right cephalic vein, and we discuss its pathologic findings and differential diagnoses. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:375–378, 2014
Three‐dimensional hemodynamics in intracranial aneurysms: influence of size and morphology
Authors: Schnell Susanne , Ansari Sameer A. , Vakil Parmede , Wasielewski Marie , Carr Maria L. , Hurley Michael C. , Bendok Bernard R. , Batjer Hunt , Carroll Timothy J. , Carr James , Markl Michael 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo use four‐dimensional (4D)‐flow MRI for the comprehensive in vivo analysis of hemodynamics and its relationship to size and morphology of different intracranial aneurysms (IA). We hypothesize that different IA groups, defined by size and morphology, exhibit different velocity fields, wall shear stress, and vorticity.Materials and MethodsThe 4D‐flow MRI (spatial resolution = 0.99–1.8 × 0.78–1.46 × 1.2–1.4 mm3, temporal resolution = 44–48 ms) was performed in 19 IAs (18 patients, age = 55.4 ± 13.8 years) with saccular (n = 16) and fusiform (n = 3) morphology and different sizes ranging from small (n = 8; largest dimension = 6.2 ± 0.4 mm) to large and giant (n = 11; 25 ± 7 mm). Analysis included quantification of volumetric spatial–temporal velocity distribution, vorticity, and wall shear stress (WSS) along the aneurysm's 3D surface.ResultsThe 4D‐flow MRI revealed distinct hemodynamic patterns for large/giant saccular aneurysms (Group 1), small saccular aneurysms (Group 2), and large/giant fusiform aneurysms (Group 3). Saccular IA (Groups 1, 2) demonstrated significantly higher peak velocities (P < 0.002) and WSS (P < 0.001) compared with fusiform aneurysms. Although intra‐aneurysmal 3D velocity distributions were similar for Group 1 and 2, vorticity and WSS was significantly (P < 0.001) different (increased in Group 1 by 54%) indicating a relationship between IA size and hemodynamics. Group 3 showed reduced velocities (P < 0.001) and WSS (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe 4D‐flow MRI demonstrated the influence of lesion size and morphology on aneurysm hemodynamics suggesting the potential of 4D‐flow MRI to assist in the classification of individual aneurysms. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:120–131. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid isotropic resolution cartilage assessment using radial alternating repetition time balanced steady‐state free‐precession imaging
Authors: Al saleh Habib , Hernandez Larry , Lee Kenneth S. , Rosas Humberto G. , Block Walter F. , Kijowski Richard 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo compare a balanced steady‐state free‐precession sequence with a radial k‐space trajectory and alternating repetition time fat suppression (Radial‐ATR) with other currently used fat‐suppressed 3D sequences for evaluating the articular cartilage of the knee joint at 3.0T.Materials and MethodsRadial‐ATR, fast spin‐echo (FSE‐Cube), gradient recall‐echo acquired in the steady‐state (GRASS), and spoiled gradient recall‐echo (SPGR) sequences with similar voxel volumes and identical scan times were performed at 3.0T on both knee joints of five volunteers. Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) measurements were performed for all sequences using a double acquisition method and compared using Mann–Whitney Wilcoxon tests. Radial‐ATR sequences with 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm isotropic resolution were also performed on the knee joints of seven volunteers and three patients with osteoarthritis.ResultsAverage SNR values for cartilage, synovial fluid, and bone marrow were 54.7, 153.3, and 12.9, respectively, for Radial ATR, 30.8, 44.1, and 1.9, respectively, for FSE‐Cube, 13.3, 46.9, and 3.3, respectively, for GRASS, and 19.1, 8.1, and 2.1, respectively, for SPGR. Average CNR values between cartilage and synovial fluid and between cartilage and bone marrow were 98.6 and 41.8, respectively, for VIPR‐ATR, 13.4 and 28.8, respectively, for FSE‐Cube, 33.6 and 10.0, respectively, for GRASS, and 11.0 and 16.9, respectively, for SPGR. Radial‐ATR had significantly higher (P < 0.001) cartilage, synovial fluid, and bone marrow SNR and significantly higher (P < 0.01) CNR between cartilage and synovial fluid and between cartilage and bone marrow than FSE‐Cube, GRASS, and SPGR. Radial‐ATR provided excellent visualization of articular cartilage at high isotropic resolution with no image degradation due to off‐resonance banding artifacts.ConclusionRadial‐ATR had superior SNR efficiency to other fat‐suppressed 3D cartilage imaging sequences and produced high isotropic resolution images of the knee joint which could be used for evaluating articular cartilage at 3.0T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:796–803. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional effects of sequence variations in the E6 and E2 genes of human papillomavirus 16 European and Asian variants
Authors: Hang Dong , Gao Lei , Sun Min , Liu Ying , Ke Yang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSequence variations within the genome of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 have been reported in different ethnic populations, with some evidence suggesting that non‐European variants may confer higher oncogenic potential. HPV16 European (EUR) and Asian (As) variants were identified previously as two major variants in cervical cancer from Anyang, China. The evolutionary analysis of these variants revealed that several important sequence variations in the E6 and E2 genes were under positive selection pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of these variations on E6 and E2 functions regarding p53 degradation and transcription regulation of the long control region (LCR). By Western blot analysis, a similar ability to degrade p53 was observed among EUR E6, As E6, EUR E6‐L83V and As E6‐E113D. A rare variation, EUR E6‐R10G, was found to shorten the half‐life of p53 more efficiently than the other variations. Unlike EUR E2 acting as a transcriptional activator or a repressor at different concentrations, As E2 showed a dose‐dependent repression of LCR activity, about twofold stronger than EUR E2 in the luciferase reporter assays. Furthermore, the site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that E232K, which is a linked variation in the hinge region of As E2, was responsible for its enhanced repression ability. Collectively, these data indicate the altered functions of HPV16 E6 and E2 by certain variations, which may influence the potential of viral carcinogenesis. J. Med. Virol. 86:618–626, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Modular Approach Towards Fluorescent pH and Ascorbic Acid Probes Based on Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Gallas Katharina , Knall Astrid‐Caroline , Scheicher Sylvia R. , Fast David E. , Saf Robert , Slugovc Christian 
Published: October 2013

Copolymerization represents a modular synthetic strategy toward optochemical sensors by disassembling small molecule probes and recombining them to screen various fluorophore‐quencher combinations, instead of synthesizing individual sensor molecules. To demonstrate this, a polymerizable, fluorescent 1,6,7,12‐tetrachloroperylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) derivative with a norbornene ester side chain is prepared and copolymerized with a tertiary‐amine‐bearing monomer, as well as an oligo‐glycol‐bearing monomer, via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). In this manner, water‐soluble optical pH sensor polymers (with apparent pka values of 6.4–7) are obtained. The effect of the macromolecular architecture on the sensing performance is evaluated, whereby a diblock copolymer structure made of an oligoglycol segment and a segment containing the secondary amine and the fluorescent moiety is identified as being most favorable for pH sensing. Similarly, profluorescent polymers are obtained by employing nitroxides instead of secondary amines, which allows detection of ascorbic acid (with a detection limit of 0.1 × 10−3m) in water.
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Rare sequence variants in ANO3 and GNAL in a primary torsion dystonia series and controls
Authors: Zech Michael , Gross Nadine , Jochim Angela , Castrop Florian , Kaffe Maria , Dresel Christian , Lichtner Peter , Peters Annette , Gieger Christian , Meitinger Thomas , Haslinger Bernhard , Winkelmann Juliane 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundRare autosomal‐dominant mutations in ANO3 and GNAL have been recently shown to represent novel genetic factors underlying primary torsion dystonia (PTD) with predominantly craniocervical involvement.MethodsWe used high‐resolution melting to screen all exons of ANO3 and GNAL for rare sequence variants in a population of 342 German individuals with mainly sporadic PTD and 376 general population controls.ResultsWe identified 2 novel missense variants in ANO3 (p.Ile833Val and p.Gly973Arg) and 1 novel missense variant in GNAL (p.Val146Met) in three different nonfamilial cases. Variant carriers presented with adult‐onset dystonia involving the neck and/or face. In controls, 3 rare ANO3 missense variants (p.Tyr235Cys, p.Asn256Ser, and p.Pro893Leu) but no rare nonsynonymous GNAL variants were present.ConclusionsGNAL variants seem to be a rare cause of PTD in our mainly sporadic German sample. Low frequency missense variants in ANO3 occur in both cases and controls, warranting further assessment of this gene in PTD pathogenesis. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Application of PINS radiofrequency pulses to reduce power deposition in RARE/turbo spin echo imaging of the human head
Authors: Norris David G. , Boyacioğlu Rasim , Schulz Jenni , Barth Markus , Koopmans Peter J. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo explore the use of PINS radiofrequency (RF) pulses to reduce RF power deposition in multiband/simultaneous multislice imaging with the RARE/turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence at 3T and 7T.MethodsA PINS‐TSE sequence was implemented and combined with blipped CAIPI to improve the reconstruction of superposed slices. Whole brain imaging of healthy volunteers was performed at both 3T and 7T using a 32‐channel coil for signal reception.ResultsA considerable reduction in power deposition was achieved compared with a standard sequence of the manufacturer. At 3T, the reduction in specific absorption rate (SAR) made short pulse repetition times (TRs) possible, however, in order to obtain a good T2 contrast, it is advisable to maintain TR while extending the echo train length. At 7T, whole brain coverage with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 × 2 mm3 was achieved in an acquisition time of 150 s. Furthermore, it could be shown that pulse sequences that use PINS pulses do not suffer from having additional magnetization transfer contrast.ConclusionPINS RF pulses combined with multiband imaging reduce SAR sufficiently to enable routine TSE imaging at 7T within clinically acceptable acquisition times. In general, the combination of multiband imaging with PINS RF pulses represents a method to reduce total RF power deposition. Magn Reson Med 71:44–49, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do ICF Core Sets for Low Back Pain Include Patients' Self‐Reported Activity Limitations because of Back Problems?
Authors: Lygren Hildegunn , Strand Liv Inger , Anderson Bodil , Magnussen Liv Heide 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate content validity of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for low back pain (LBP), by examining whether common activities reported as difficult to perform are included in the Core Sets.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was used. Ninety‐eight patients with long‐lasting back pain (>3 months) between 18 and 65 years of age were consecutively recruited from a Multidisciplinary Outpatient Spine Clinic. Difficulties with daily life and work task activities because of back pain were examined by asking the patients two questions: 1) can you specify activities that are difficult to perform because of your back pain? and 2) are there specific work tasks that you are unable to do because of your back pain? Two raters independently classified the written responses according to the ICF Core Sets' component Activities and Participation.ResultsActivities and work tasks were linked to 15 of 29 categories (52%) in the Comprehensive Core Set, and 9 of 12 (75%) in the Brief Core Set, and the initial agreement between the two raters in coding the answers according to the Core Sets was (83%, k = 0.80) and (93%, k = 0.9), respectively, before consensus was reached.ConclusionsThe Comprehensive Core Set for LBP to a large degree contains daily life and work‐related activities frequently reported as difficult to perform by patients with long‐lasting LBP. The categories, however, are very broad and do not provide specified descriptions of the most frequently reported activity limitations such as sitting, standing and walking. The Brief Core Set does not include categories for frequently reported activities such as pulling/pushing and leisure/recreation activities. ICF Core Sets for LBP seem suitable for obtaining a gross overview of the patients' functional limitations, but do not give sufficient information from a therapeutic point of view. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CASP10 results compared to those of previous CASP experiments
Authors: Kryshtafovych Andriy , Fidelis Krzysztof , Moult John 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe compare results of the community efforts in modeling protein structures in the tenth CASP experiment, with those in earlier CASPs particularly in CASP5, a decade ago. There is a substantial improvement in template based model accuracy as reflected in more successful modeling of regions of structure not easily derived from a single experimental structure template, most likely reflecting intensive work within the modeling community in developing methods that make use of multiple templates, as well as the increased number of experimental structures available. Deriving structural information not obvious from a template is the most demanding as well as one of the most useful tasks that modeling can perform. Thus this is gratifying progress. By contrast, overall backbone accuracy of models appears little changed in the last decade. This puzzling result is explained by two factors—increased database size in some ways makes it harder to choose the best available templates, and the increased intrinsic difficulty of CASP targets as experimental work has progressed to larger and more unusual structures. There is no detectable recent improvement in template‐free modeling, but again, this may reflect the changing nature of CASP targets. Proteins 2014; 82(Suppl 2):164–174. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deriving consistent approximate models of the global atmosphere using Hamilton's principle
Authors: Staniforth Andrew 
Published: October 2013

A quartet of dynamically consistent approximate models of the global atmosphere in non‐spherical coordinates has recently been developed, according to whether approximations of shallow and/or quasi‐hydrostatic nature are made. A model is considered to be dynamically consistent if it formally preserves conservation principles for axial angular momentum, energy and potential vorticity. The development of these approximate models involved detailed examination of conservation budgets to determine which terms to omit, modify, or retain in the equations for the three components of momentum, according to the type of approximation made.An alternative, complementary, derivation of this quartet of approximate models is developed herein using Hamilton's principle. With this approach, a single term in the Lagrangian is identified, which can then be optionally modified to apply the quasi‐hydrostatic approximation via an on–off switch. As in the previous work, application of the shallow‐atmosphere approximation is achieved by choosing an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system having an appropriate shallow metric. Application of Hamilton's principle and Noether's theorem then intrinsically preserves the conservation principles for axial angular momentum, energy and potential vorticity. This obviates the need to examine conservation budgets to determine which terms to omit, modify, or retain in the equations for the three components of momentum; everything just falls into place via the application of variational calculus. The resulting unified equation set is then identical to that previously obtained by trial and error examination of conservation budgets.
Reaction with SO3 in Ionic Liquids: The Example of K2(S2O7)­(H2SO4)
Authors: Weiz Alexander , Bruns Jörn , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate, [bmim]HSO4, turned out to be resistant even to strong oxidizers like SO3. Thus, it should be a suitable solvent for the preparation of polysulfates at low temperatures. As a proof of principle we here present the synthesis and crystal structure of K2(S2O7)(H2SO4), which has been obtained from the reaction of K2SO4 and SO3 in [bmim]HSO4. In the crystal structure of K2(S2O7)(H2SO4) (orthorhombic, Pbca, Z = 8, a = 810.64(2) pm, b = 1047.90(2) pm, c = 2328.86(6) pm, V = 1978.30(8) Å3) two crystallographically unique potassium cations are coordinated by a different number of monodentate and bidentate‐chelating disulfate anions as well as by sulfuric acid molecules. The crystal structure consists of alternating layers of [K2(S2O7)] slabs and H2SO4 molecules. Hydrogen bonds between hydrogen atoms of sulfuric acid molecules and oxygen atoms of the neighboring disulfate anions are observed.
Vestibular functioning and migraine: pilot study comparing those with and without vertigo
Authors: Baker B J , Curtis A , Trueblood P , Vangsnes E 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground:The current study compared a migrainous vertigo group with a migraine without vertigo group. It was hypothesised that those with migrainous vertigo would have more abnormal test results during a non-migrainous period than those who suffer from migraine without vertigo.Methods:Both groups, comprising 10 participants each, were tested using: the gaze stabilisation test, dynamic visual acuity test, sensory organisation test, head shake sensory organisation test and functional gait assessment.Results:Eighteen females and 2 males aged 18–53 years participated. There were no significant differences between the two groups for the dynamic visual acuity test, sensory organisation test or head shake sensory organisation test. However, mean dynamic visual acuity loss was greater in both groups than in a normal population, and the head shake sensory organisation (sway) test was well below the normal mean. The functional gait assessment showed a significant difference (p = 0.0025) between the two groups.Conclusion:Both groups showed abnormalities in vestibular functioning compared with norms, suggesting that both had some degree of vestibular dysfunction. However, vestibular dysfunction was greater in the migrainous vertigo group than in the migraine without vertigo group, as evidenced by differences in functional gait assessment.
Clinical outcome and vertical transmission variability among canine Neospora caninum isolates in a pregnant mouse model of infection
Authors: DELLARUPE ANDREA , REGIDOR-CERRILLO JAVIER , JIMÉNEZ-RUIZ ELENA , SCHARES GEREON , UNZAGA JUAN MANUEL , VENTURINI MARÍA CECILIA , ORTEGA-MORA LUIS M. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYWe compared the clinical outcome and vertical transmission of six canine Neospora caninum isolates using a pregnant BALB/c model. Four of the isolates were obtained from oocysts of naturally infected dogs (Nc-Ger2, Nc-Ger3, Nc-Ger6 and Nc-6Arg) and two were from diseased dogs with neurological signs (Nc-Bahia and Nc-Liv). The dams were inoculated with 2×106 tachyzoites of each isolate at day 7 of pregnancy. Morbidity, mortality and the antibody responses were evaluated in both the dams and the offspring, as was parasite transmission to the progeny. The mortality rates varied from 100% in Nc-Bahia and Nc-Liv-infected pups to 19% or less for those infected with the isolates from oocysts. The vertical transmission rates varied from 9 to 53% for N. caninum from oocysts, compared with 100% for the Nc-Liv and Nc-Bahia isolates. All dams showed specific IgG responses against tachyzoite and rNc-GRA7 antigens, confirming Neospora infection. The highest IgG levels were detected in mice inoculated with the Nc-Liv and Nc-Bahia isolates. These results demonstrate marked differences in virulence between the N. caninum isolates obtained from oocysts and neurologically affected dogs. This variability could help us to explain the differences in the outcome of the infection in definitive and intermediate hosts.
A Balanced Time Perspective in Adulthood: Well-being and Developmental Effects
Authors: Webster Jeffrey Dean , Ma Xiaodong 
Published: October 2013

RÉSUMÉCet article présente une étude qui reproduit directement l’Échelle de perspective temporelle éqilibrée (EPTE), récemment développée, et comprenait des adultes d’âge moyen et plus âgés. Parmi les participants figuraient 90 jeunes, 69 d’âge moyen, et 69 adulte âgés qui ont complété le BPTS comme une mesure de la vie sur la base de la Perspective de temps equilibrée. Une analyse factorielle a répliqué les résultats initiaux avec sous-échelles distinctes pour l’orientation au passé et à l’avenir, avec l’obtention d’une structure simple (alpha = .94 e .95, respectivenment). Une perspective de temps equilibrée prédit des scores plus élevés sur les deux mesures du bien-être, reproduisant les constations originales de J. D. Webster (2011). Comme prévu, une analyse du chi-carré a indiqué que le pourcentage de jeunes adultes avaient tendance à se trouver dans l’orientation axée sur l’avenir, et que les adultes plus âgés avaient tendance à se trouver dans l’orientation axée sur le passé. Les implications d’une perspective temporelle équilibrée sur la santé mentale au cours de la vie sont discutées.