bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-enactment and its information practices; tensions between the individual and the collective
Authors: Robinson Jessica , Yerbury Hilary 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the practices used by Australian re-enactors to achieve authenticity, a communally agreed measure of acceptability in the creation of an impression, the dress, behaviours and accoutrements of the period, through the concepts of serious leisure and information practices.Design/methodology/approach– Re-enactment is a practical, information-based performative activity. In this paper, the research styles and decision-making processes developed and employed by its enthusiasts to create authentic impressions are examined through an ethnographic case study.Findings– The re-enactors are identified as “makers and tinkerers”, in Stebbins’s categorisation of serious leisure. Research, documentation and the sharing of information, knowledge and skills are common practices among re-enactors and acknowledged as integral to the processes of creating an impression to a collectively agreed standard of authenticity. Re-enactors’ “making” includes not only the creation of the impression but also the documentation of their process of creating it. They prize individual knowledge and expertise and through this, seek to stand out from the collective.Originality/value– Although communities of re-enactors are often studied from a historical perspective, this may be the first time a study has been undertaken from an information studies perspective. The tension between the collective, social norms and standards that support the functioning of the group in understanding authenticity, and the expert amateur; the individual with specialist skills and talents, encourages a fuller investigation of the relationships between the individual and the collective in the context of information practices.
Characteristics of statutory internal auditors and operating efficiency
Authors: Cho Moon-Kyung , Lee Ho-Young , Park Hyun-Young 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the characteristics of statutory internal auditors on operating efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study investigates three characteristics pertaining to statutory internal auditors, namely, compensation, activity and expertise, based on 1,340 firm observations from 2009 to 2010 using publicly available disclosure data for Korean listed firms.

Findings
– The authors find no evidence that statutory internal auditors’ compensation is positively associated with operating efficiency. This implies that compensation data on statutory internal auditors in Korea may not directly reflect their competence and ability to enhance operating efficiency. On the other hand, the authors find evidence for a positive association between full-time status for statutory internal auditors and operating efficiency and a positive association between the attendance at board meetings for statutory internal auditors and operating efficiency. The results also show a decrease in operating efficiency when statutory internal auditors are newly appointed. Finally, expertise of statutory internal auditors in financial or legal matters provides no advantage in terms of operating efficiency.

Practical implications
– This study contributes to the extant literature on internal audit by examining the advisory role of statutory internal auditors and its effect on operating efficiency, which is one of the objectives established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Originality/value
– While most prior research on internal audit depends on survey data from statutory internal auditors or experimental data based on a limited sample of firms, this study is based on a large sample of publicly available data of the Korean market.
Design, fabrication and characterization of dielectrophoretic microelectrode array for particle capture
Authors: Buyong M.R. , Yunas J. , Hamzah A.A. , Yeop Majlis B. , Larki F. , Abd Aziz N. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to design and characterize the dielectrophoretic (DEP) microelectrodes with various array structure arrangements in order to produce optimum non-uniform electric field for particle capture. The DEP-electrodes with 2D electrode structure was fabricated and characterized to see the effect of electrode structure configuration on the capture capability of the cells suspending in the solution.

Design/methodology/approach
– The presented microelectrode array structures are made of planar conductive metal structure having same size and geometry. Dielectrophoretic force (FDEP) generated in the fluidic medium is initially simulated using COMSOL Multi-physics performed on two microelectrodes poles, which is then continued on three-pole microelectrodes. The proposed design is fabricated using standard MEMS fabrication process. Furthermore, the effect of different sinusoidal signals of 5, 10 and 15 volt peak to peak voltage (Vpp) at fixed frequency of 1.5 MHz on capturing efficiency of microelectrodes were also investigated using graphite metalloids particles as the suspended particles in the medium. The graphite particles that are captured at the microelectrode edges are characterized over a given time period.

Findings
– Based on analysis, the capturing efficiency of microelectrodes at the microelectrode edges is increased as voltage input increases, confirming its dependency to the FDEP strength and direction of non-uniform electric field. This dependency to field consequently increases the surface area of the accumulated graphite. It is also showed that the minimum ratio of the surface accumulated area of captured graphite is 1, 2.75 and 9 μm2 for 5, 10 and 15 Vpp, respectively. The simulation result also indicates a significant improvement on the performance of microelectrodes by implementing third pole in the design. The third pole effect the particles in the medium by creating stronger non-uniform electric field as well as more selective force toward the microelectrodes’ edges.

Originality/value
– The microelectrode array arrangement is found as a reliable method to increase the strength and selectivity of non-uniform electric field distribution that affect FDEP. The presented findings are verified through experimental test and simulation results.
Fabrication of free-standing octagon-shaped carbon nanofibre assembly for electrical actuation of shape memory polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Lu Haibao , Yao Yongtao , Zhu Shipeng , Yang Yunhua , Lin Long 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is a study aimed at overcoming the interface issue between nanopaper and polymer matrix in shape-memory polymer (SMP) composite laminates caused by their large dissimilarity in electrical/thermal conductive properties. The study attempted to develop an effective approach to fabricate free-standing carbon nanofibre (CNF) assembly in octagon shape formation. The structure design and thermal conductive performance of the resulting octagon-shaped CNF assembly were optimised and simulated.

Design/methodology/approach
– The CNF nanopaper was prepared based on a filtration method. The SMP nanocomposites were fabricated by incorporating these CNF assemblies with epoxy-based SMP resin by a resin-transfer modelling technique. Thermal conductivity of the octagon-shaped CNF assembly was simulated using the ANSYS FLUENT software for structure design and optimisation. The effect of the octagon-shaped CNF on the thermomechanical properties and thermally responsive shape-memory effect of the resulting SMP nanocomposites were characterised and interpreted.

Findings
– The CNF template incorporated with SMP to achieve Joule heating triggered shape recovery at a low electric voltage of 3-10 V, due to which the electrical resistivity of SMP nanocomposites was significantly improved and lowered to 0.20 O·cm by the CNF template. It was found that the octagon CNF template with 2 mm width of skeleton presented a highest thermally conductive performance to transfer resistive heat to the SMP matrix.

Research limitations/implications
– A simple way for fabricating electro-activated SMP nanocomposites has been developed by using an octagon CNF template. Low electrical voltage actuation in SMP has been achieved.

Originality/value
– The fabricated CNF template, the structure design and analysis of dynamic thermomechanical properties of SMP are novel.
Future cities and self-organising value chains: the case of the independent music community in Seoul
Authors: Burnes Bernard , Choi Hwanho 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This article aims to explore the arguments that citizens of future cities will increasingly live in virtual communities as well as bricks and mortar ones, and that some previously physical supply chains will become virtual networks or communities. In examining these arguments, the article investigates the development of the independent music community in Seoul, South Korea.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research is based on a qualitative case study of music fans and independent record labels in Seoul.

Findings
– The article shows that independent music fans in Seoul have built a self-organising, fan-dominated, value co-creating community, which has replaced the old, music label-dominated, hierarchical supply chain. The community arose from the passion of fans and their engagement with social media, rather the intentions of city planners and supply-chain architects.

Originality/value
– The article shows that Seoul may be an exemplar of how future cities can and will develop, particularly in terms of the ability of people to use social media to develop and run their own virtual spaces and communities, which are tailored to the way they want to live their lives.
Evaluating the combined effects of climate and land‐use change on tree species distributions
Authors: García‐Valdés Raúl , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Zavala Miguel A. , Purves Drew W. , Araújo Miguel B. 
Published: April 2015

Summary

A large proportion of the world's biodiversity is reportedly threatened by habitat loss and climate change. However, there are few studies that investigate the interaction between these two threats using empirical data.

Here, we investigate interactions between climate change and land‐use change in the future distribution of 23 dominant tree species in mainland Spain. We simulated changes up to year 2100 using a climate‐dependent Stochastic Patch Occupancy Model, parameterized with colonization and extinction events recorded in 46 596 survey plots.

We estimated that the distribution of 17 out of 23 tree species are expanding and hence not at equilibrium with the climate. However, climate change will make the future occupancy of 15 species to be lower than expected if climate, and habitat, remained stable (baseline scenario).

Climate change, when combined with the loss of 20% of the habitat, was estimated to reduce species occupancies (relative to baseline projections) by an average of 23% if habitat loss was spatially clumped, and by 35% if it was scattered. If habitat loss occurred in areas already impacted by human activities, species occupancies would be reduced by 26%. Land‐use changes leading to habitat gain (i.e. creation through reforestation) could slightly mitigate the effects of climate change, but a 20% increment in habitat would reduce climate change‐driven losses in species occupancies by only ∼3%.

Synthesis and applications. The distributions of the most common tree species in mainland Spain are expanding, but climate change threatens to reduce this expansion by ∼18% for 15 of the 23 studied species. Moreover, if the habitat of these species is simultaneously lost, the occupancies of all of them will be reduced further, with variation depending on the spatial pattern of the lost habitats. However, we did not detect synergies between climate change and habitat loss. The combined effect (with 20% habitat loss) was 5–13% less than what it would be if the effects were additive. Importantly, reforestation could partially offset the negative effects of climate change, but complete mitigation would require an increase in forested land of ∼80%, and the prioritization of territories that are less impacted by human activities.
Inhibition of microglial activity alters spinal wide dynamic range neuron discharge and reduces microglial Toll‐like receptor 4 expression in neuropathic rats
Authors: Nazemi Samad , Manaheji Homa , Noorbakhsh Syyed Mohammad , Zaringhalam Jalal , Sadeghi Mehdi , Mohammad‐Zadeh Mohammad , Haghparast Abbas 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIt is believed that neuropathic pain results from aberrant neuronal discharges although some evidence suggests that the activation of glia cells contributes to pain after an injury to the nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the role of microglial activation on the hyper‐responsiveness of wide dynamic range neurons (WDR) and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressions in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain in rats. Adult male Wistar rats (230 ± 30 g) underwent surgery for induction of CCI neuropathy. Six days after surgery, administration of minocycline (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) was initiated and continued until day 14. After administration of the last dose of minocycline or saline, a behavioral test was conducted, then animals were sacrificed and lumbar segments of the spinal cord were collected for Western blot analysis of TLR4 expression. The electrophysiological properties of WDR neurons were investigated by single unit recordings in separate groups. The findings showed that after CCI, in parallel with thermal hyperalgesia, the expression of TLR4 in the spinal cord and the evoked response of the WDR neurons to electrical, mechanical, and thermal stimulation significantly increased. Post‐injury administration of minocycline effectively decreased thermal hyperalgesia, TLR4 expression, and hyper‐responsiveness of WDR neurons in CCI rats. The results of this study indicate that post‐injury, repeated administration of minocycline attenuated neuropathic pain by suppressing microglia activation and reducing WDR neuron hyper‐responsiveness. This study confirms that post‐injury modulation of microglial activity is a new strategy for treating neuropathic pain.
Use of Tc‐99 m thyroid scans in borderline congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Oren Asaf , Wang Michael Ke , Brnjac Lori , Mahmud Farid H. , Palmert Mark R. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundMild or borderline congenital hypothyroidism [often referred to as mild neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia (MNH)] is characterized by an abnormal newborn screen (NBS), followed by mildly elevated TSH and normal FT4 on confirmatory testing. This condition is increasingly observed, but data regarding optimal management are limited.ObjectiveExamine the use of routine technetium thyroid scanning (TS) in the management of MNH.MethodsRetrospective study of infants with MNH between 2000 and 2011. We assessed the clinical course of infants with MNH according to TS results; as a comparator, infants with classic congenital hypothyroidism (CH) were analysed in parallel.ResultsWe identified 69 infants (52% boys) with MNH and 164 (34% boys) with classic CH. TS results were divided into four subgroups: no uptake in 7% of MNH vs 24% of classic CH (P < 0·01), decreased uptake/anatomical abnormalities in 39% vs 46% (p = NS), increased uptake in 35% vs 26% (p = NS) and normal uptake in 19% vs 4% (P < 0·01). In MNH, neither NBS‐TSH, confirmatory TSH and FT4, mean LT‐4 treatment doses and number of dose escalations, nor post‐treatment FT4 and TSH differed among the four subgroups. In contrast, clinical features in infants with classic CH differed among the subgroups. Among MNH infants who reached 3 years of age, trial‐off treatment was successful in 6 of 11 (55%) with no apparent difference in success rates among TS subgroups.ConclusionsThe information provided by TS during evaluation of MNH does not predict clinical course; obtaining these scans in infants with MNH may not be an effective use of healthcare resources.
Regeneration of rabbit calvarial defects using biphasic calcium phosphate and a strontium hydroxyapatite‐containing collagen membrane
Authors: Kitayama Shuzo , Wong Lok O. , Ma Li , Hao Jia , Kasugai Shohei , Lang Niklaus P. , Mattheos Nikos 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectivesBiphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) composed of 10% hydroxyapatite (HA) and 90% beta‐tricalcium phosphate has been developed. Recently, a strontium hydroxyapatite‐containing collagen membrane (Sr) was shown to stimulate early bone formation in rat calvarial defects at 4 weeks postoperatively, as compared with a cross‐linked collagen membrane, for guided bone regeneration (GBR). The objective of this study was to evaluate these novel biomaterials for GBR in relation to a non‐cross‐linked collagen membrane (BG) and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (BO).Materials and methodsTwenty New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. Four defects of 7 mm in diameter were created in each rabbit, and three of the defects were treated with BG/BO, Sr/BO, and Sr/BCP. Ten rabbits were sacrificed at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were conducted. Volumetric densities of mineralized new bone (MNB), bone marrow (BM), residual grafting material (RG), and non‐mineralized connective tissue (NCT) were determined for each group.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, Sr/BCP yielded more MNB than BG/BO and Sr/BO with no significant difference among the three groups. After 24 weeks, however, Sr/BCP demonstrated significantly more MNB than BG/BO and Sr/BO. Both after 12 and 24 weeks, Sr/BCP showed significantly less RG than BG/BO and Sr/BO. There was a significant increase in MNB in Sr/BCP from 12 to 24 weeks.ConclusionsIn defects grafted with BCP, more MNB was formed while less RG remained, than in defects grafted with BO. The Sr membrane was as effective as BG when comparing Sr/BO with BG/BO.
High Blood Pressure Increases the Risk of Poor Outcome at Discharge and 12‐month Follow‐up in Patients with Symptomatic Intracranial Large Artery Stenosis and Occlusions: Subgroup analysis of the CICAS Study
Authors: Yu Dan‐Dan , Pu Yue‐Hua , Pan Yue‐Song , Zou Xin‐Ying , Soo Yannie , Leung Thomas , Liu Li‐Ping , Wang David Z. , Wong Ka‐Sing , Wang Yi‐Long , Wang Yong‐Jun ,   the Chinese Intracranial Atherosclerosis (CICAS) Study Group
Published: April 2015

SummaryAimsThe purpose of this study was to discuss the relationship between blood pressure and prognosis of patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis.MethodsData on 2426 patients with symptomatic intracranial large artery stenosis and occlusion who participated in the Chinese Intracranial Atherosclerosis (CICAS) study were analyzed. According to the JNC 7 criteria, blood pressure of all patients was classified into one of the four subgroups: normal, prehypertension, hypertension stage I, and hypertension stage II. Poor outcomes were defined as death and functional dependency (mRS 3‐5) at discharge or at 1 year.ResultsFor patients with intracranial stenosis of 70% to 99%, the rate of poor outcome at discharge was 19.3%, 23.5%, 26.8%, and 39.8% (P = 0.001) for each blood pressure subgroup. For patients with intracranial large artery occlusion, the rates were 17.6%, 22.1%, 29.5%, and 49.8%, respectively (P < 0.0001). The rate of poor outcome at 12‐month follow‐up was 12.6%, 15.3%, 28.5%, and 27.9% (P = 0.0038) in patients with stenosis of 70% to 99% for each blood pressure subgroup and 11.6%, 21.5%, 23.9%, 35.1% (P < 0.0001) in patients with occlusion.ConclusionsFor patients with severe intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion, higher hypertension stages are associated with an increased risk of poor outcome at discharge and 12‐month follow‐up.
Supplier Opportunism in Buyer–Supplier New Product Development: A China‐U.S. Study of Antecedents, Consequences, and Cultural/Institutional Contexts
Authors: Yan Tingting , Kull Thomas J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTCollaborating with a supplier in a buying firm's new product development (NPD) project is commonly advocated and adopted, but does not always improve project performance. Some pre‐existing collaboration contexts, such as buyer–supplier NPD projects, are especially exposed to supplier opportunism due to the uncertain nature of the collaboration process. Adopting agency theory and transaction cost theory perspectives, we examine: (i) contextual antecedents and project consequences of supplier opportunism and (ii) if these causal influences vary in different cultural and institutional contexts. Using a survey sample of 214 United States (U.S.) and 212 Chinese buying firms’ responses about buyer–supplier NPD projects, we find that supplier opportunism is significantly influenced by the task and relational contexts. We also show that supplier opportunism damages both design quality and efficiency, two aspects of project performance. When comparing U.S. to China, we find that task and relational contexts have a greater impact on supplier opportunism in the U.S., but design efficiency is less hurt by supplier opportunism there. Finally, we show challenges of preventing supplier opportunism in certain NPD collaboration contexts, and offer solutions for overcoming these challenges.
Aorto–Left Atrial Fistula after Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Yesin Mahmut , Kalçık Macit , Gürsoy Mustafa Ozan , Karakoyun Süleyman , Gündüz Sabahattin , Köksal Cengiz , Özkan Mehmet 
Published: April 2015

Mini‐AbstractThe most common cardiac complications after prosthetic valve replacement include prosthetic valve endocarditis, thromboembolism, pericardial effusion, hemolysis, and valve failure due to prosthetic valve thrombosis or periprosthetic regurgitation. Aorto‐atrial fistula after valve surgery is a rare complication, which usually occurs after aortic valve surgery. However, development of an aorto‐left atrial fistula after prosthetic mitral valve replacement is very rare. Here, we present a patient who had aorto‐atrial fistula evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography.
Retinal axonal loss in very early stages of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Maghzi A.‐H. , Graves J. , Revirajan N. , Spain R. , Liu S. , McCulloch C. E. , Pelletier D. , Green A. J. , Waubant E. 
Published: April 2015

Background and purposeThe lack of surrogates of clinical progression has limited the design of neuroprotection trials in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our aim was to study the association between time‐domain optical coherence tomography measures and clinical and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes in early MS.MethodsForty‐three relapsing−remitting MS patients within 1 year of onset were followed for up to 3 years.ResultsThe peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) decreased annually by 2 μm (95% confidence interval −3.89, −0.11; P = 0.038). The RNFL tended to be associated with normalized normal appearing white matter volume in cross‐sectional (P = 0.08) and longitudinal analyses (P = 0.06).ConclusionsThere is substantial RNFL loss even in very early MS. Our data suggest that retinal axonal atrophy is associated with atrophy in global white matter volume in early MS.