bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PUTTING THE PAST AND PRESENT ON TRIAL: MIGRATION AND MEMORY IN LUDWIG LAHER'S DOCUMENTARY NOVEL, VERFAHREN (2011)
Authors: Zimmer Anna E. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the articulation of ‘multidirectional memories’ in the Austrian author Ludwig Laher's documentary novel Verfahren (2011) as an attempt to mobilise readers to effect social change. Close examination of the documentary techniques employed illuminates the political thrust of the novel and the possibilities of literature to contribute to political discourse in a Western Europe increasingly influenced by immigration from the East. By drawing on theories of autobiography and Bill Nichols's work on documentary film, I offer a working definition for the under‐theorised genre of the documentary novel, and demonstrate how the coexistence of three types of rhetoric – judicial/historical, commemorative/critical, and deliberative – enables Laher to expose the inhumanity of Austria's immigration policies, to situate a Kosovar's application for asylum in a longer history of immigration struggles and WWII‐era politics, and to challenge Austrian citizens to exercise their political responsibility. Finally, I argue that this focus on subjectivity and personal memories does not preclude close attention to politics, and that documentary art is well equipped to navigate the supposed dichotomies of fact and fiction, memory and rights, and the individual and society.Dieser Artikel interpretiert die Artikulation ʻmultidirektionaler Erinnerungen’ in dem 2011 vom österreichischen Schriftsteller Ludwig Laher veröffentlichten Dokumentationsroman Verfahren als einen Versuch, den Leser für soziale Veränderung in Österreich zu mobilisieren. Die Analyse der von Laher verwendeten dokumentarischen Mittel verdeutlicht das politische Anliegen des Romans und die besondere Fähigkeit von Literatur, zum politischen Diskurs im von osteuropäischer Migration beeinflussten Westeuropa beizutragen. Theorien zur Autobiographie und Bill Nichols’ Forschungen über Dokumentarfilme werden herangezogen, um eine Arbeitsdefinition für das theoretisch noch unzureichend erfasste Genre des Dokumentarromans zu erstellen. Zudem zeige ich, wie die Koexistenz von drei Arten von Rhetorik (die rechtlich/historische, die erinnernd/kritische, und die erwägende) es Laher ermöglicht, die Unmenschlichkeit von Österreichs Migrationsgesetzen aufzudecken, das Asylverfahren eines aus dem Kosovo Stammenden in einen längeren historischen Kontext von Migrationskämpfen und der Politik des zweiten Weltkriegs einzufügen, und an die österreichischen Staatsbürger zu appellieren, ihre politische Handlungsfähigkeit wahrzunehmen. Die bewusste Darstellung von Subjektivität und persönlichen Erinnerungen schließt eine gezielte Auseinandersetzung mit der Politik Österreichs nicht aus. Dokumentarische Kunstformen sind vielmehr besonders gut geeignet, die scheinbaren Dichotomien von Tatsache und Fiktion, Erinnerung und Gesetzen, Vergangenheit und Gegenwart, und Individuum und Gesellschaft zu durchbrechen.
FEELING OUT OF PLACE: MEMORY AND PLACE‐MAKING IN JOSEF HASLINGER'S JÁCHYMOV
Authors: Souchuk Anna C. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTJosef Haslinger's Jáchymov (2011) is many things at once: the tragic story of the famous Czech ice hockey goalkeeper Bohumil Modrý, unjustly sentenced to brutal manual labour in the uranium mines of the Czech city of Jáchymov in 1950, and also an examination of place, a concept used here to engender discussions of memory and its attachment to lived space. Place is represented threefold in Haslinger's novel: by Jáchymov and its changing identity over time; by the human body, an entity from which the self is estranged via illness; and by the dream world, an alternative space haunted by ghosts that urge the living to find resolution to their unresolved narratives. Haslinger's own family history on the Austrian‐Czech border informs his analysis of place, and he uses the border region, along with familiar and popular Austrian attitudes toward Czech ‘neighbours’, to extend his critique of intentional Austrian ignorance and forgetting, examined at length in his 1987 collection Politik der Gefühle.Josef Haslingers Jáchymov (2011) ist ein facettenreiches Werk: Es beschreibt zum Einen die Tragödie des berühmten tschechoslowakischen Eishockey‐Torwarts Bohumil Modrý, der 1950 zu Unrecht zu harter Arbeit in den Uranbergwerken der tschechoslowakischen Stadt Jáchymov verurteilt wurde. Zudem ist Jáchymov auch Analyse des Ortes, ein Topos in Haslingers Roman, der Diskussionen zum Thema Erinnerung und deren Verbindung mit dem erlebten Ort hervorruft. Der Topos Ort wird in Jáchymov dreifach repräsentiert: durch die Stadt Jáchymov und ihre sich im Laufe der Zeit wandelnde Identität; durch den menschlichen Körper, von dem das psychische Selbst durch Krankheit entfremdet wird; und durch die Welt der Träume, einen alternativen Ort, der von Gespenstern heimgesucht wird, die die Lebenden dazu drängen, Lösungen für ihre unvollendeten Geschichten zu finden. Haslingers eigene Familiengeschichte, die an der österreichisch‐tschechischen Grenze beheimatet ist, beeinflusst seine Analyse des Ortes. Er verwendet die Grenzregion und die Stereotypen bzw. typisch österreichischen Vorurteile gegenüber den tschechoslowakischen ‘Nachbarn’, um Kritik an der Ignoranz und am absichtlichen österreichischen Vergessen zu üben, das erstmals in seiner 1987 erschienenen Sammlung Politik der Gefühle untersucht wurde.
PRODUCING A FUTURE, COMMEMORATING A PAST: JAN FAKTOR AND THE AVANTGARDES
Authors: Horakova Anna 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTScholarship has often ascribed to the third generation of East German writers associated with the Prenzlauer Berg scene (1979–89) a monolithic attitude of dissociation from the ‘really existing socialist state’. The present study reevaluates Prenzlauer Berg literary production in the light of its engagement with the transnational aesthetic and political projects of the avantgardes from before and after the Second World War, which continued to be thematised in the literature and culture of unified Germany after the fall of the Wall. A continuous engagement with the avantgardes can be discerned in two texts by the erstwhile Prenzlauer Berg poet and contemporary novelist Jan Faktor: first, in the serial poem ‘Georgs Sorgen um die Zukunft’ (1982), and second, in the novel Georgs Sorgen um die Vergangenheit (2010). The poem, I argue, criticises the advanced state of ideological decay in the GDR in the 1980s but also generates possibilities for an aesthetic renewal. The post‐‘Wende’ novel narrates the history of state‐sponsored socialism in Czechoslovakia from a transnational standpoint that fosters the formation of an entangled past among countries of the former Eastern bloc. The novel's reflection on the disintegration of architectural projects once meant to organise life for a socialist future, however, commemorates the utopian spirit of the Russian Constructivist avantgarde and its productivist aesthetic.Der dritten Generation ostdeutscher Autoren, die zur Prenzlauer Berg‐Szene (1979–89) gehörten, schreibt die Literaturwissenschaft häufig eine monolithische Entfremdung vom ‘real‐existierenden Sozialismus’ zu. Das Engagement dieser Schriftsteller für die Wiederbelebung von transnationalen ästhetischen und politischen Projekten der Avantgarde aus der Epoche vor und nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg, die auch in der Literatur und Kultur des vereinigten Deutschlands thematisiert wird, gibt jedoch Anlass, die literarische Produktion am Prenzlauer Berg neu zu bewerten. Eine andauernde Beschäftigung mit den Avantgardisten lässt sich, wie ich in der vorliegenden Studie zeige, zum Beispiel in zwei Texten des ehemaligen Prenzlauer Berg‐Dichters und heutigen Romanautoren Jan Faktor ausmachen: Faktors serielles Gedicht Georgs Sorgen um die Zukunft (1982) kritisiert eine fortgeschrittene Phase des Ideologieverfalls der DDR der 1980er Jahre und zeigt zugleich neue Möglichkeiten der ästhetischen Erneuerung auf. Sein in der Nachwendezeit geschriebener Roman Georgs Sorgen um die Vergangenheit (2010) erzählt die Geschichte des Staatssozialismus in der Tschechoslowakei aus einer transnationalen Perspektive, welche die Bildung einer zwischen den früheren Ostblockländern verflochtenen Vergangenheit befördert. Durch die im Roman angestellten Betrachtungen über den Zerfall der architektonischen Projekte, die einst das Leben für die sozialistische Zukunft organisieren sollten, wird dennoch der utopische Geist des russischen Konstruktivismus und seine produktivistische Ästhetik in der Erinnerung bewahrt.
A FUTURE‐ORIENTED ZEITRECHNUNG: NARRATING POST‐COMMUNIST TEMPORALITY AND SUBJECTIVITY IN ZSUZSA BÁNK'S DER SCHWIMMER (2002)
Authors: Nousek Katrina 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTTaking its cue from debates about post‐communism in German‐language literature after ‘the Eastern European turn’, this article analyses temporality and subjectivity in Zsuzsa Bánk's novel Der Schwimmer (2002). Although some scholars claim the fall of European communist dictatorships at the end of the twentieth century marks the end of history and Utopia, others continue to debate the status of utopian thought, communist history, and future orientations in aesthetic productions concerned with subjective experience in formerly communist states. Drawing on narratology and Ágnes Heller's theory of history, I argue that Bánk's novel rewrites Cold‐War history by using specific narratological forms to establish newly ethical chronologies. As the homodiegetic narrator of the novel positions herself in her family history and a Communist Hungary of the 1950s and 60s that bears only faint traces of major historical events (the Hungarian Revolution, the erection of the Berlin Wall, the Prague Spring), narrative focalisation and duration lend narrative significance to ‘non‐canonical events’ that structure the story. Although the post‐communist world is deemed by some to be devoid of collective experience, these narrative structures facilitate a future‐oriented reconstruction of history in which utopia becomes the capacity to imagine alternative subjectivities and social temporalities.Ausgehend von aktuellen Debatten über den Postkommunismus in der deutschsprachigen Literatur nach der ‘osteuropäischen Wende’, analysiert dieser Artikel Zeitlichkeit und Subjektivität in Zsuzsa Bánks Der Schwimmer (2002). Obwohl der Untergang kommunistischer Diktaturen am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts als Ende der Geschichte oder der Utopie bezeichnet worden ist, wird die Darstellung von utopischen oder zukunftsorientierten Denkweisen und kommunistischer Geschichte in ästhetischen Werken, die subjektive Erfahrung in ehemals kommunistischen Ländern behandeln, noch erörtert. Anhand (post‐)klassischer narratologischer Begriffe und Ágnes Hellers Geschichtstheorie zeige ich, wie Bánk die Geschichte des kalten Krieges durch spezifische narratologische Formen umschreibt und dadurch eine erneute ethische Zeitrechnung schafft. Während die homodiegetische Erzählerin des Romans sich in ihrer Familiengeschichte und in einem kommunistischen Ungarn positioniert, das nur geringe Spuren wichtiger Ereignisse der 50er und 60er Jahre aufweist (die Ungarische Revolution, der Prager Frühling, der Mauerbau), lassen die narratologische Fokalisierung und Dauer den ‘non‐canonical events’ (Herman), die die Erzählung strukturieren, eine besondere Bedeutung zukommen. Obwohl 1989 eine postkommunistische Welt ohne kollektive Erfahrung bezeichnen sollte, ermöglichen diese Erzählstrukturen eine zukunftsorientierte Rekonstruktion der Geschichte, in der Utopie als die Fähigkeit verstanden wird, alternative Formen von Subjektivität und sozialer Zeitlichkeit imaginieren zu können.
Conducting Slug Tests in Mini‐Piezometers
Authors: Fritz Bradley G. , Mackley Rob D. , Arntzen Evan V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSlug tests performed using mini‐piezometers with internal diameters as small as 0.43 cm can provide a cost effective tool for hydraulic characterization. We evaluated the hydraulic properties of the apparatus in a laboratory environment and compared those results with field tests of mini‐piezometers installed into locations with varying hydraulic properties. Based on our evaluation, slug tests conducted in mini‐piezometers using the fabrication and installation approach described here are effective within formations where the hydraulic conductivity is less than 1 × 10−3 cm/s. While these constraints limit the potential application of this method, the benefits to this approach are that the installation, measurement, and analysis is cost effective, and the installation can be completed in areas where other (larger diameter) methods might not be possible. Additionally, this methodology could be applied to existing mini‐piezometers previously installed for other purposes. Such analysis of existing installations could be beneficial in interpreting previously collected data (e.g., water‐quality data or hydraulic head data).
Calcium‐phosphate and parathyroid intradialytic profiles: A potential aid for tailoring the dialysate calcium content of patients on different hemodialysis schedules
Authors: Ferraresi Martina , Pia Anna , Guzzo Gabriella , Vigotti Federica Neve , Mongilardi Elena , Nazha Marta , Aroasio Emiliano , Gonella Cinzia , Avagnina Paolo , Piccoli Giorgina Barbara 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSevere hyperparathyroidism is a challenge on hemodialysis. The definition of dialysate calcium (Ca) is a pending issue with renewed importance in cases of individualized dialysis schedules and of portable home dialysis machines with low‐flow dialysate. Direct measurement of calcium mass transfer is complex and is imprecisely reflected by differences in start‐to‐end of dialysis Ca levels. The study was performed in a dialysis unit dedicated to home hemodialysis and to critical patients with wide use of daily and tailored schedules. The Ca‐phosphate (P)‐parathyroid hormone (PTH) profile includes creatinine, urea, total and ionized Ca, albumin, sodium, potassium, P, PTH levels at start, mid, and end of dialysis. “Severe” secondary hyperparathyroidism was defined as PTH > 300 pg/mL for ≥3 months. Four schedules were tested: conventional dialysis (polysulfone dialyzer 1.8–2.1 m2), with dialysate Ca 1.5 or 1.75 mmol/L, NxStage (Ca 1.5 mmol/L), and NxStage plus intradialytic Ca infusion. Dosages of vitamin D, calcium, phosphate binders, and Ca mimetic agents were adjusted monthly. Eighty Ca‐P‐PTH profiles were collected in 12 patients. Serum phosphate was efficiently reduced by all techniques. No differences in start‐to‐end PTH and Ca levels on dialysis were observed in patients with PTH levels < 300 pg/mL. Conversely, Ca levels in “severe” secondary hyperparathyroid patients significantly increased and PTH decreased during dialysis on all schedules except on Nxstage (P < 0.05). Our data support the need for tailored dialysate Ca content, even on “low‐flow” daily home dialysis, in “severe” secondary hyperparathyroid patients in order to increase the therapeutic potentials of the new dialysis techniques.
Evaluation of DXA vs. MRI for body composition measures in 1‐month olds
Authors: Fields D. A. , Teague A. M. , Short K. R. , Chernausek S. D. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBackgroundDetailed measures of infant body composition are needed for understanding the impact of genes and environment on growth early in life.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy and bias of body composition in infants.MethodsDual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to determine body composition and the trunk depot. The depots measured were total fat mass (FM), total fat‐free mass (FFM) and trunk FM and FFM using DXA and MRI in 14 infants.ResultsNone of the regression lines between DXA and MRI significantly deviate from the line of identity for any of the depots studied. However, Bland–Altman analyses revealed bias for trunk FM and trunk FFM.ConclusionOur data showed DXA to be accurate (regression not significantly deviating from the line of identity), with high agreement (indicated by high R2) and without bias (non‐significant Bland–Altman) when estimating total FM and FFM. This could not be said for trunk estimates.
DNA vaccines encoding DEC205‐targeted antigens: immunity or tolerance?
Authors: Niezold Thomas , Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann Michael , Maaske André , Temchura Vladimir , Heinecke Vanessa , Hannaman Drew , Buer Jan , Ehrhardt Christina , Hansen Wiebke , Überla Klaus , Tenbusch Matthias 
Published: March 2015

SummaryTargeting of antigens to the endocytic uptake receptor DEC205 resulted in enhanced antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs). In combination with adjuvants for DC maturation, proteins coupled to an antibody against DEC205 induced strong pathogen‐specific immune responses, whereas without additional adjuvant tolerance could be induced. As less is known about DNA vaccines encoding DEC205‐targeted antigens, we explored the immunogenicity and efficacy of a dendritic cell‐targeted DNA vaccine against influenza A virus (IAV) delivered by electroporation. Although coupling of haemagglutinin to a single‐chain antibody against DEC205 enhanced antigen presentation on MHC class II and activation of T‐cell receptor‐transgenic CD4 T cells, the T‐cell responses induced by the targeted DNA vaccine in wild‐type BALB/c mice were significantly reduced compared with DNA encoding non‐targeted antigens. Consistently, these mice were less protected against an IAV infection. Adoptive transfer experiments were performed to assess the fate of the antigen‐specific T cells in animals vaccinated with DNA encoding DEC205‐targeted antigens. By this, we could exclude the general deletion of antigen‐specific T cells as cause for the reduced efficacy, but observed a local expansion of antigen‐specific regulatory T cells, which could suppress the activation of effector cells. In conclusion, DNA vaccines encoding DEC205‐targeted antigens induce peripheral tolerance rather than immunity in our study. Finally, we evaluated our DNA vaccines as prophylactic or therapeutic treatment in an allergen‐induced asthma mouse model.
A rheumatology perspective on cutaneous vasculitis: assessment and investigation for the non‐rheumatologist
Authors: Rawlings Charlotte R , Fremlin Georgina A , Nash Julian , Harding Keith 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVasculitis, by definition, is inflammation of the vasculature. This inflammation can result in either vessel wall destruction causing aneurysm or rupture, or stenosis causing ischaemia or necrosis. This autoimmune response does not always have a clear cause.Vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of disorders that has been categorised not only by primary and secondary causes, but also by the size of the affected vessel. The secondary causes that can trigger vasculitis include infection (particularly hepatitis B and C and haemorrhagic fever);cancer, autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren's; drugs or allergic reactions. As vasculitis can affect any part of the vasculature, it can result in a wide range of signs and symptoms. However, one of the most common presentations of vasculitis is a rash, due to small vessel vasculitis, which is most common. A vasculitic rash has certain characteristics that are easily identifiable and differentiate it from other rashes.This is a review from a rheumatologist's perspective of how to identify vasculitis skin changes. If cutaneous vasculitis is suspected, this article identifies other areas of skin that can be affected that need identification, in addition to what to screen for in the history and other differential diagnoses to consider. Subsequently, the article addresses the key investigations to request and a brief overview of the treatment principles for primary vasculitis.
Growth and Microstructure‐Dependent Hardness of Directionally Solidified WC–W2C Eutectoid Ceramics
Authors: Chen Wei‐Ting , Meredith Caleb H. , Dickey Elizabeth C. 
Published: March 2015

Directionally solidified WC–W2C ceramics containing 40 at% carbon, corresponding to the WC–W2C eutectoid composition, were produced by laser surface melt processing. The resulting microstructures showed a lamellar‐type eutectic/eutectoid microstructure with the WC minor phase embedded in the W2C matrix phase. The interlamellar spacing (λ) in the eutectoid regions followed the relationship Vλ3.8 = constant, with the smallest spacing of 331 ± 36 nm achieved in the 3.24 mm/s processed sample. The indentation hardness increased with decreasing interlamellar spacing, and a Vickers indentation hardness of 28.5 GPa was achieved in the sample with the smallest interlamellar spacing. The directionally solidified WC–W2C materials show enhanced indentation mechanical properties in comparison to previously reported WC–Co composites and WC‐based materials.
The effect of performance trend on performance ratings occurs through observer attributions, but depends on performance variability
Authors: Rudolph Cort W. , Harari Michael B. , Nieminen Levi R.G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractResearch regarding the influence of dynamic performance characteristics on performance ratings suggests that raters are remarkably susceptible to observed trends in performance over time, such that systematic trends or patterns in performance can have an undue influence on how performance is evaluated. However, research in this domain has not fully explained how dynamic performance characteristics influence performance judgments. Drawing on attribution theory, we introduce a model whereby the impact of dynamic performance characteristics on subsequent performance judgments occurs through attributions for performance. Then, in three experimental studies, we show that dynamic performance characteristics influence attributions for performance, which in turn affect performance ratings.
Identification of C‐terminal Hsp70‐interacting protein as a mediator of tumour necrosis factor action in osteoblast differentiation by targeting osterix for degradation
Authors: Xie Jianmin , Gu Jieruo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn patients with inflammatory arthritis, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α are overproduced in inflamed joints. This leads to local erosion of cartilage and bone, periarticular osteopenia, as well as osteoporosis. But less is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that mediate the effect of TNF‐α on osteoblast function. The purpose of this study was to test that C terminus of Hsc70‐interacting protein (CHIP) has a specific role in suppressing the osteogenic activity of osteoblasts under inflammatory conditions. C2C12, MC3T3‐E1 and HEK293T cell lines were cultured and cotransfected with related plasmids. After transfection, the cells were cultured further in the presence or absence of murine TNF‐α and subjected to real time RT‐PCR, Western blot, Ubiquitination assay, Co‐immunoprecipitation, Luciferase reporter assay, Small interfering RNAs and Mineralization assay. The expression levels of TNF‐α‐induced CHIP and Osx were examined by RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. Co‐immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays revealed ubiquitinated Osx, confirmed that CHIP indeed interacted with Osx and identified K55 and K386 residues as the ubiquitination sites in Osx, Luciferase reporter assay and Small interfering RNAs examined whether TNF‐α target the bone morphogenetic protein signalling through CHIP. We established stable cell lines with the overexpression of HA‐CHIP, Mineralization assay and CHIP siRNA demonstrated the important roles of CHIP on osteoblast function in conditions in which TNF‐α is overexpressed. We found that the K55 and K386 residues are ubiquitination site(s) in Osx, and that TNF‐α inhibits osteoblast differentiation by promoting Osx degradation through up‐regulation of E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP in osteoblast. Thus, CHIP targets Osx for ubiquitination and degradation in osteoblasts after chronic exposure to TNF‐α, and inhibition of CHIP expression in osteoblasts may be a new mechanism to limit inflammation‐mediated osteoporosis by promoting their differentiation into osteoblasts.