bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ghrelin is involved in the paracrine communication between neurons and glial cells
Authors: Avau B. , De Smet B. , Thijs T. , Geuzens A. , Tack J. , Vanden Berghe P. , Depoortere I. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundGhrelin is the only known peripherally active orexigenic hormone produced by the stomach that activates vagal afferents to stimulate food intake and to accelerate gastric emptying. Vagal sensory neurons within the nodose ganglia are surrounded by glial cells, which are able to receive and transmit chemical signals. We aimed to investigate whether ghrelin activates or influences the interaction between both types of cells. The effect of ghrelin was compared with that of leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK).MethodsCultures of rat nodose ganglia were characterized by immunohistochemistry and the functional effects of peptides, neurotransmitters, and pharmacological blockers were measured by Ca2+ imaging using Fluo‐4‐AM as an indicator.Key ResultsNeurons responded to KCl and were immunoreactive for PGP‐9.5 whereas glial cells responded to lysophosphatidic acid and had the typical SOX‐10‐positive nuclear staining. Neurons were only responsive to CCK (31 ± 5%) whereas glial cells responded equally to the applied stimuli: ghrelin (27 ± 2%), leptin (21 ± 2%), and CCK (30 ± 2%). In contrast, neurons stained more intensively for the ghrelin receptor than glial cells. ATP induced [Ca2+]i rises in 90% of the neurons whereas ACh and the NO donor, SIN‐1, mainly induced [Ca2+]i changes in glial cells (41 and 51%, respectively). The percentage of ghrelin‐responsive glial cells was not affected by pretreatment with suramin, atropine, hexamethonium or 1400 W, but was reduced by l‐NAME and by tetrodotoxin. Neurons were shown to be immunoreactive for neuronal NO‐synthase (nNOS).Conclusions & InferencesOur data show that ghrelin induces Ca2+ signaling in glial cells of the nodose ganglion via the release of NO originating from the neurons.
Evolution, selection and isolation: a genomic view of speciation in fungal plant pathogens
Authors: Stukenbrock Eva Holtgrewe 
Published: June 2013

SummarySpeciation of fungal plant pathogens has been associated with host jumps, host domestication, clonal divergence, and hybridization. Although we have substantial insight into the speciation histories of several important plant pathogens, we still know very little about the underlying genetics of reproductive isolation. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, and nonfungal model systems illustrate that reproductive barriers can evolve by different mechanisms, including genetic incompatibilities between neutral and adaptive substitutions, reinforcement selection, and chromosomal rearrangements. Advances in genome sequencing and sequence analyses provide a new framework to identify those traits that have driven the divergence of populations or caused reproductive isolation between species of fungal plant pathogens. These traits can be recognized based on signatures of strong divergent selection between species or through the association of allelic combination conferring hybrid inferiority. Comparative genome analyses also provide information about the contribution of genome rearrangements to speciation. This is particularly relevant for species of fungal pathogens with extreme levels of genomic rearrangements and within‐species genome plasticity.

Contents

Summary
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I.
Introduction
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II.
Speciation genomics
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III.
Speciation scenarios in fungi
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IV.
The genetics and genomics of reproductive isolation in fungi
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V.
Genomics of fungal plant pathogen speciation
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VI.
Unraveling pathogen speciation mechanisms: future directions in genome studies
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VII.
Conclusion
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Acknowledgements
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References
905
Do Danes and Italians Rate Life Satisfaction in the Same Way? Using Vignettes to Correct for Individual‐Specific Scale Biases
Authors: Angelini Viola , Cavapozzi Danilo , Corazzini Luca , Paccagnella Omar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSelf‐reported life satisfaction is highly heterogeneous across similar countries, a phenomenon that may be explained by the different scales and benchmarks that people use to evaluate themselves. This study uses cross‐sectional data gathered from older populations in ten European countries to compare estimates from a model that assumes reporting styles are constant across respondents against estimates from a model in which anchoring vignettes help correct for individual‐specific scale biases. Variations in response scales explain much of the difference in the raw data. Moreover, the cross‐country ranking in life satisfaction depends significantly on scale biases.
Large‐scale resource development in Gossypium hirsutum L. by 454 sequencing of genic‐enriched libraries from six diverse genotypes
Authors: Rai Krishan Mohan , Singh Sunil Kumar , Bhardwaj Archana , Kumar Verandra , Lakhwani Deepika , Srivastava Apeksha , Jena Satya Narayan , Yadav Hemant Kumar , Bag Sumit K. , Sawant Samir V. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe sequence information has been proved to be an essential genomic resource in case of crop plants for their genetic improvement and better utilization by humans. To dissect the Gossypium hirsutum genome for large‐scale development of genomic resources, we adopted hypomethylated restriction‐based genomic enrichment strategy to sequence six diverse genotypes. Approximately 5.2‐Gb data (more than 18.36 million reads) was generated which, after assembly, represents nearly 1.27‐Gb genomic sequences. We predicted a total of 93 363 gene models (21 399 full length) and identified 35 923 gene models which were validated against already sequenced plant genomes. A total of 1093 transcription factor‐encoding genes, 3135 promoter sequences and 78 miRNA (including 17 newly identified in Gossypium) were predicted. We identified significant no. of molecular markers including 47 093 novel simple sequence repeats and 66 364 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms. In addition, we developed NBRI‐Comprehensive Cotton Genomics database, a web resource to provide access of cotton‐related genomic resources developed at NBRI. This study contributes considerable amount of genomic resources and suggests a potential role of genic‐enriched sequencing in genomic resource development for orphan crop plants.
Therapy‐related Ph+ leukemia after both bone marrow and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for hypophosphatasia
Authors: Taketani Takeshi , Kanai Rie , Abe Mariko , Mishima Seiji , Tadokoro Mika , Katsube Yoshihiro , Yuba Shunsuke , Ogushi Hajime , Fukuda Seiji , Yamaguchi Seiji 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBone marrow (BM) transplantation (BMT) is one of the treatment strategies for congenital metabolic disease, but leukemia secondary to intensive cytoreductive treatment is a major concern. Besides BM cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are also used for transplantation. An 8‐month‐old girl with hypophosphatasia underwent transplantation of haploidentical BM cells followed by two transplants of MSC obtained from her father to facilitate osteogenesis. Fludarabine(Flu)/cyclophosphamide (CPA)/anti‐thymocyte globulin were used for myeloablative conditioning, but the patient developed therapy‐related leukemia harboring t(9;22)(q34;q11.2); minor BCR‐ABL (t‐leukemia with Ph) at the age of 32 months. At the age of 40 months she underwent a second BM and third MSC transplant from the same donor. Thereafter, she achieved complete histological and molecular remission. The present case suggests that the combination of cytotoxic agents (Flu/CPA) and MSC led to t‐leukemia with Ph as a consequence of chromosome instability and suppression of host anti‐tumor immunity.
Severe gastric variceal bleeding successfully treated by emergency splenic artery embolization
Authors: Sankararaman Senthilkumar , Velayuthan Sujithra , Vea Romulo , Herbst John 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBleeding from gastric varices due to splenic vein obstruction is extremely rare in children, but it can be catastrophic. Reported herein is the case of a teenager with splenic vein thrombosis and chronic decompensated liver disease from autoimmune hepatitis who presented with massive gastric variceal bleeding. Standard medical management did not control the bleeding. Due to decompensated liver disease and continuous active bleeding, emergency partial splenic artery embolization was preferred over splenectomy or a shunt procedure. Bleeding was successfully controlled by partial splenic artery embolization by decreasing the inflow of blood into the portal system. It is concluded that emergency partial splenic artery embolization is a safer alternative life‐saving procedure to manage severe gastric variceal bleeding due to splenic vein obstruction in a patient with high surgical risk. To our knowledge, only one other patient with similar management has been reported in the pediatric age group.
Significance of twinkling artifact on ultrasound in the diagnosis of cystine urolithiasis
Authors: Fujii Yoshimitsu , Kino Minoru , Kimata Takahisa , Tohda Akira , Kaneko Kazunari 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwinkling artifact (TA) refers to the finding characterized by both a high‐echoic mass upon B‐mode ultrasound (US) and turbulence‐like signals over the entire mass without significant blood flow on color Doppler US. TA is a characteristic sign of urolithiasis, and there has been no previous report on this finding in the digestive tract. The authors recently encountered a 2‐year 9‐month‐old boy with cystinuria presenting with an opacified abdominal mass. Although he was originally diagnosed as having calcified stool mass, the finding of TA upon US led to the correct diagnosis of huge urolith (4.2 cm in diameter) in the urinary bladder. Laparotomic stone removal was successfully conducted and the calculus was confirmed to be composed of cystine. The finding of TA upon US facilitates identification of the structure and location of the intra‐abdominal mass.
Prophylactic post‐transplant dasatinib administration in a pediatric patient with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Watanabe Akihiro , Chansu Shin , Ogawa Atsushi , Asami Keiko , Imamura Masaru 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPhiladelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia has a poor prognosis, even in pediatric patients. Although imatinib‐containing chemotherapy can reportedly improve early event‐free survival, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is still considered to be the main curative treatment option. Dasatinib, a novel abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is being used for the treatment of relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is reported to have excellent efficacy. We used dasatinib after bone marrow transplantation prior to the anticipated relapse for the purpose of prophylaxis against relapse. After discontinuation of dasatinib administration, molecular remission has lasted for 7 months. Although preventive use of dasatinib is as yet uncommon, we consider that dasatinib may eradicate the minimal residual disease and prevent recurrence, and it is feasible to administer and appears to be safe. Further studies are needed to confirm our experience in this case.
Herpes simplex primo‐infection in an immunocompetent host with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Žaja Franulović Orjena , Lesar Tatjana , Busic Nikolina , Tešović Goran 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEosinophilic esophagitis and herpes simplex esophagitis are separately well‐described entities, but their simultaneous occurrence may pose a special challenge to the clinician, especially regarding the optimal therapeutic approach. The following case report describes a patient with a history of cow's milk and dairy products intolerance, but without an underlying immunologic defect, in whom eosinophilic esophagitis was diagnosed in the course of primary herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) infection that clinically presented as herpes labialis and severe esophagitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction from cytological brush and by immunohistochemical staining that detected the presence of HSV1 DNA in esophageal mucosa, and histologically by persistent eosinophil‐predominant inflammation, typical of eosinophilic esophagitis. Despite severe clinical presentation, the HSV1 infection was self‐limited. After a directed elimination diet was introduced, the clinical course was favorable, without the need for antiviral therapy.
Septic neonate rescued by polymyxin B hemoperfusion
Authors: Hirakawa Eiji , Ibara Satoshi , Tokuhisa Takuya , Hiwatashi Sayuri , Hayashida Yoshihiro , Maede Yoshinobu , Matsui Takako , Nakazawa Yusuke , Inoue Takeshi , Kodaira Yuichi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSepsis caused by group B streptococcus has been well controlled with aminobenzylpenicillin, but the incidence of Escherichia coli sepsis has increased in proportion. E. coli is a Gram‐negative bacillus associated with poor prognosis due to the release of endotoxins. Conventional treatment with antibiotics alone may not be sufficient because the inflammatory response exacerbates the unstable hemodynamic status. Polymyxin B hemoperfusion has been established as a treatment option for septic shock in adults. Polymyxin B hemoperfusion adsorbs endotoxins and cannabinoids such as anandamide and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol. Reported herein is a case of severe septic shock induced by E. coli. The concomitant use of polymyxin B hemoperfusion rapidly reduced the requirement for catecholamines and the patient was discharged without short‐term neurological or respiratory sequelae. It is suggested that polymyxin B hemoperfusion might be an innovative therapy for severe sepsis, and could improve outcome.
Integrating Management Techniques to Restore Sites Invaded by Mile‐a‐Minute Weed, Persicaria perfoliata
Authors: Lake Ellen C. , Hough‐Goldstein Judith , D'Amico Vincent 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEfforts to suppress an invasive weed are often undertaken with the goal of facilitating the recovery of a diverse native plant community. In some cases, however, reduction in the abundance of the target weed results in an increase in other exotic weeds. Mile‐a‐minute weed (Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross (Polygonaceae)) is an annual vine from Asia that has invaded the eastern United States, where it can form dense monocultures. The host‐specific Asian weevil Rhinoncomimus latipes Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was first released in the United States in 2004 as part of a classical biological control program. At three sites invaded by mile‐a‐minute weed, biological control was integrated with pre‐emergent herbicide use and two densities of native plantings. After 2 years, native plant cover differed significantly and was greater than 80% in the plots with plantings and pre‐emergent herbicide but less than 30% in the planting treatments without herbicide. Where mile‐a‐minute cover decreased at the two sites with the greatest pressure from exotic plants, plots were dominated by another exotic weed, Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus, Japanese stiltgrass. The combination of biocontrol, pre‐emergent herbicide, and revegetation with native plants suppressed mile‐a‐minute weed, prevented invasion by Japanese stiltgrass, and increased the abundance of native plants. The selection of the management strategies used to control mile‐a‐minute weed determined the extent of recovery of the native plant community.
Evaluation of optical coherence tomography as a non‐invasive diagnostic tool in cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Kuck Monika , Strese Helene , Alawi Seyed Arash , Meinke Martina C. , Fluhr Joachim W. , Burbach Guido J. , Krah Martin , Sterry Wolfram , Lademann Jürgen 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe monitoring of wound‐healing processes is indispensable for the therapeutic effectiveness and improved care of chronic wounds. Histological sections provide the best morphological assessment of wound recovery, but cause further tissue destruction and increase the risk of infection. Therefore, it is reasonable to apply a diagnostic tool that allows a non‐invasive and reliable observation of morphological changes in wound healing.MethodsOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique for in vivo evaluation of skin diseases with a resolution close to histopathology. The aim of this study was to investigate whether OCT is suited to display the phases of wound healing. For this purpose, six patients with chronic wounds were objectively characterized by OCT during a period of 2 weeks.ResultsComparable results between histological findings and OCT were achieved. OCT allowed the detection of partial loss of the epidermis, vasoconstriction, vasodilatation and epithelialization.ConclusionConsequently, OCT could be a potential non‐invasive diagnostic tool for the characterization and monitoring of cutaneous wound‐healing processes over time.
Molecular phylogeny of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) revisited: position of Manotinae, Metanepsiini, and other enigmatic taxa as inferred from multigene analysis
Authors: ŠEVČÍK JAN , KASPŘÁK DAVID , TÓTHOVÁ ANDREA 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe phylogeny of selected genera from four subfamilies of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) – Manotinae, Leiinae, Sciophilinae and Gnoristinae (including Metanepsiini) – is reconstructed based on the combined analysis of five mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI, COII, cytB) and two nuclear (28S, ITS2) gene markers. Results of the different analyses all support Manotinae as a monophyletic group, with Leiinae as the sister group. Allactoneura DeMeijere is nested in the monophyletic and strongly supported clade of Leiinae. The tribe Metanepsiini is revealed as paraphyletic and the genera Metanepsia Edwards and Chalastonepsia Søli do not appear to be closely related. The genera Docosia Winnertz, Ectrepesthoneura Enderlein, Novakia Strobl and Syntemna Winnertz were placed with a group of genera included traditionally in the Gnoristinae. The monophyly of Dziedzickia Johannsen and Phthinia Winnertz is not supported. The genera of Sciophilinae (excluding Paratinia Mik but including Eudicrana Loew) form a monophyletic group in the Bayesian model.
Factors affecting successful mobilization with plerixafor: an Italian prospective survey in 215 patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma
Authors: Lanza Francesco , Lemoli Roberto M. , Olivieri Attilio , Laszlo Daniele , Martino Massimo , Specchia Giorgina , Pavone Vincenzo , Imola Manuela , Pasini Annalisa , Milone Giuseppe , Scortechini Ilaria , Todisco Elisabetta , Guggiari Elena , Cascavilla Nicola , Martinelli Giovanni , Rambaldi Alessandro , Bosi Alberto 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundAlthough the efficacy of plerixafor in peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization has been explored in several studies, factors associated with successful plerixafor mobilization after administration of granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), with or without chemotherapy, have not been investigated. We analyzed data on PBSC mobilization from a large Italian database of lymphoma and myeloma plerixafor‐treated patients.Study Design and MethodsTwo endpoints were established to define successful mobilization: patients with at least 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg collected by three leukapheresis procedures and patients achieving a peak count of at least 20 × 106 CD34+ cells/L during mobilization.ResultsPlerixafor achieved successful mobilization in both predicted (n = 64) and proven poor mobilizers (PMs; n = 143), classified according to the Gruppo Italiano Trapianto di Midollo Osseo (GITMO) criteria. Successful mobilization was independent of type of mobilization (steady state or chemotherapy); age; sex; disease; number or type of chemotherapy regimens preceding plerixafor; radiation therapy; prior treatment with melphalan, carmustine, lenalidomide, and radioimmune conjugates; and laboratory variables. Multivariate analysis identified previous fludarabine treatment and premobilization platelet count as predictors of successful mobilization.ConclusionThis large, prospective, nationwide study confirmed plerixafor efficacy for mobilizing PBSCs when added to G‐CSF with or without chemotherapy. Plerixafor can overcome negative effects of most predictors of poor mobilization to achieve satisfactory harvest both in predicted and proven PM.
Evaluation of 18F‐FDG PET/CT as a diagnostic imaging and staging tool for feline oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Randall E. K. , Kraft S. L. , Yoshikawa H. , LaRue S. M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (18FDG‐PET/CT) has been shown to be effective for staging human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but its application for cats with oral SCC is unknown. Twelve cats with biopsy‐proven oral SCC were imaged with whole body 18FDG‐PET/CT to determine its value as a diagnostic imaging and staging tool and fine needle aspirates were obtained of accessible regional lymph nodes. All tumors were FDG avid and conspicuous on 18FDG‐PET/CT images, with an average of the maximum standardized uptake value 9.88 ± 5.33 SD (range 2.9–24.9). Soft tissue infiltrative tumors that were subtle and ill defined on CT were highly visible and more extensive on FDG‐PET/CT. Tumors invading the osseous structures were more similar in extent on 18FDG‐PET/CT and CT although they were more conspicuous on PET images. Three cytologically confirmed metastases were hypermetabolic on PET, while two of those metastases were equivocal on CT.
Cutaneous nocardiosis in two dogs receiving ciclosporin therapy for the management of canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Siak Meng K. , Burrows Amanda K. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundCiclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor that is currently registered for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis. The most common adverse effects include mild, transient gastrointestinal disturbances. Single case reports of opportunistic infections due to Nocardia spp., Neospora spp. and papillomaviruses have also been reported.Hypothesis/ObjectivesClinicians should be aware of the potential risk of systemic immunosuppression and subsequent infection with Nocardia spp. in dogs receiving ciclosporin.AnimalsCutaneous nocardiosis in two dogs receiving ciclosporin therapy for management of canine atopic dermatitis.MethodsHistopathology, PCR for Nocardia spp. and computed tomography.ResultsOne dog developed disseminated nocardiosis due to Nocardia brasiliensis and a second dog developed localized cutaneous nocardiosis due to a novel Nocardia species subsequent to ciclosporin administration at the recommended dose rate for the management of canine atopic dermatitis. The second case was receiving a combination of ciclosporin and ketoconazole, and serum trough ciclosporin levels were elevated.Conclusions and clinical importanceClinicians should be aware of the potential risk of systemic immunosuppression and subsequent infection with Nocardia spp. in dogs receiving ciclosporin. Measurement of serum ciclosporin levels may be useful in identifying those individuals which are at risk of opportunistic infections.