bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diplomatics of born digital documents – considering documentary form in a digital environment
Authors: Rogers Corinne 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore a new model of “record” that maps traditional attributes of a record onto a technical decomposition of digital records. It compares the core characteristics necessary to call a digital object a “record” in terms of diplomatics or “evidence” in terms of digital forensics. It then isolates three layers of abstraction: the conceptual, the logical and the physical. By identifying the essential elements of a record at each layer of abstraction, a diplomatics of digital records can be proposed.

Design/methodology/approach
– Digital diplomatics, a research outcome of the International Research on Permanent Authentic Records in Electronic Systems (InterPARES) project, gives archivists a methodology for analyzing the identity and integrity of digital records in electronic systems and thereby assessing their authenticity (Duranti and Preston, 2008; Duranti, 2005) and tracing their provenance.

Findings
– Digital records consist of user-generated data (content), system-generated metadata identifying source and location, application-generated metadata managing the look and performance of the record (e.g., native file format), application-generated metadata describing the data (e.g., file system metadata OS), and user-generated metadata describing the data. Digital diplomatics, based on a foundation of traditional diplomatic principles, can help identify digital records through their metadata and determine what metadata needs to be captured, managed and preserved.

Originality/value
– The value and originality of this paper is in the application of diplomatic principles to a deconstructed, technical view of digital records through functional metadata for assessing the identity and authenticity of digital records.
Powder-bed-based 3D-printing of function integrated parts
Authors: Glasschroeder Johannes , Prager Emanuel , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to show a possibility of how new functions can be integrated in parts, created by the powder-bed-based 3D-printing technology. One big advantage of additive manufacturing technologies is the possibility to create function-integrated parts during the manufacturing process. This applies to mechanical functions like movable elements, thermodynamic functions like contour near cooling channels in a part as well as electrical functions like conductive lines and electrical components.

Design/methodology/approach
– A powder-bed-based 3D-printer is utilized to process polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as base material. To enable new functionalities, an automated exhausting mechanism was implemented into the test system. The created cavities can be filled with new components or rather new materials.

Findings
– Three different approaches are shown in this paper. The first one was the integration of screw nuts to enhance bolted joints compared to threads, directly created in the part. The average tensile strength could be raised from 200 to 430 N/mm. The second approach was the integration of different reinforcement elements like carbon or metallic fibers. Here again a reinforcement of the tensile strength of approximately 27 per cent could be reached. The last approach shows a method to integrate conductive material as well as electrical components in a part to create simple electrical circuits.

Originality/value
– The paper demonstrates how to extend an additive powder-bed-based technology with a powder-exhausting mechanism. The possibilities of this technology are illustrated by three examples, integrating mechanical as well as electrical functions in a part.
Enhancing the resolution of selective inhibition sintering (sis) for metallic part fabrication
Authors: Torabi Payman , Petros Matthew , Khoshnevis Behrokh 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the implementation of a commercial piezoelectric printhead in the fabrication of high-resolution metal parts selective inhibition sintering (SIS-metal). SIS is a disruptive platform additive manufacturing (AM) process capable of printing parts from polymer, metal and ceramic base materials.

Design/methodology/approach
– The developed system in this paper replaces the single-nozzle solenoid valve previously used in the SIS-metal process and allows for the fabrication of high-resolution parts. A design of experiments approach is utilized to study the effects of important factors in inhibitor deposition. These factors include: composition of the inhibitor, quality of the print and the amount of fluid deposited for each layer. Based on the results of these experiments, parameters have been identified for the creation of 3D parts.

Findings
– The results of this study were based on the fine tuning of parameters in the updated SIS-metal machine which culminated in the fabrication of complex metallic parts. This study serves as an entry point to important areas of research in need of careful future consideration. These areas include but are not limited to machine robustness, mechanical properties, shrinkage and surface quality.

Originality/value
– SIS-metal is a novel AM process developed by the CRAFT Laboratories team at the University of Southern California with potential to compete existing metal AM processes in terms of quality, price, materials and speed. The machine developed in this study signifies an order of magnitude improvement in the resolution and quality of SIS-metal parts which are comparable to those fabricated by other AM processes.
Recent trend in wireless sensor network and its applications: a survey
Authors: Prasad Poonam 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to review existing wireless sensor network (WSN) setups in various domains, focusing on affordable WSN so that it can be effectively utilised in solving the environmental problems. WSN is being explored in many applications such as home security, smart spaces, environmental monitoring, battlefield surveillance and target tracking. WSN consists of a number of tiny, low-powered, energy-constrained sensor nodes with sensing, data processing and wireless communication components. Creating a WSN setup will make the monitoring system effective and in future, it will give a roadmap for solving some common societal problems.

Design/methodology/approach
– Various research papers in the area of WSN have been reviewed on the basis of technologies and application on different fields.

Findings
– WSN was found to be the most effective solution in areas which are less explored due their hazardous nature and are difficult to reach.

Originality/value
– This review is based on research papers available and a recent trend in the area of WSN has been explored.
Real-time wound management through integrated pH sensors: a review
Authors: Khan Munezza Ata , Ansari Umar , Ali Murtaza Najabat 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– Real-time monitoring of wound or injured tissues is critical for speedy recovery, and the onset of a cascade of biochemical reactions provides potential biomarkers that facilitate the process of wound monitoring, e.g. pH, temperature, moisture level, bacterial load, cytokines, interleukins, etc. Among all the biomarkers, pH has been known to have a profound impact on the wound healing process, and is used to determine the incidence of bacterial infection of the wound (persistently elevated alkaline pH), proteolytic activity at the site of injury, take rate in skin grafting, wound healing stage and preparation for wound debridement.

Design/methodology/approach
– This review highlights the significance of pH in determination of clinical parameters and for selection of an appropriate treatment regime, and it presents an in-depth analysis of the designs and fabrication methods that use integrated pH sensors, which have been reported to date for the real-time monitoring of wound healing.

Findings
– For an expedited wound healing process, the significance of pH mandated the need of an integrated sensor system that would facilitate real-time monitoring of healing wounds and obviate the requirement of redressing or complicated testing procedures, which are both labor-intensive and painful for the patient. The review also discussed different types of sensor systems which were developed using hydrogel as a pH-responsive system coupled with voltammetry, potentiometry, impedimetric and flex-circuit inductive transducer systems. All of the mentioned devices have considerable potential for clinical applications, and there is need of in vivo testing to validate their efficiency and sensitivity under practical scenarios.

Originality/value
– This manuscript is an original review of literature, and permission has been granted to use the figures from previously published papers.
Integration of biosensors based on microfluidic: a review
Authors: TermehYousefi Amin , Bagheri Samira , Adib Nahrizul 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– Biotechnology is closely associated to microfluidics. During the last decade, designs of microfluidic devices such as geometries and scales have been modified and improved according to the applications for better performance. Numerous sensor technologies existing in the industry has potential use for clinical applications. Fabrication techniques of microfluidics initially rooted from the electromechanical systems (EMS) technology.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this review, we emphasized on the most available manufacture approaches to fabricate microchannels, their applications and the properties which make them unique components in biological studies.

Findings
– Major fundamental and technological advances demonstrate the enhancing of capabilities and improving the reliability of biosensors based on microfluidic. Several researchers have been reported verity of methods to fabricate different devices based on EMS technology due to the electroconductivity properties and their small size of them. Therefore, controlled fabrication method of MEMS plays an important role to design and fabricate a highly selective detection of medical devices in a variety of biological fluids. Stable, tight and reliable monitoring devices for biological components still remains a massive challenge and several studies focused on MEMS to fabricate simple and easy monitoring devices.

Originality/value
– This paper is not submitted or under review in any other journal.
Assay Development and Validation of an 8‐SNP Multiplex Test to Predict Eye and Skin Coloration
Authors: Mushailov Vladimir , Rodriguez Stephanie A. , Budimlija Zoran M. , Prinz Mechthild , Wurmbach Elisa 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIdentifying human remains is one of the many responsibilities of forensic scientists. An eye‐ and skin‐color predictor translates genotypic information into phenotypic description. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are utilized for this predictor, five for eye, and six for skin coloration. Here, we describe the development and validation of an 8‐SNP multiplex assay that consists of a multiplex PCR, followed by a multiplexed single‐base primer extension reaction generating fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides of distinct length that are detected by multicolor capillary electrophoresis. Validation of this assay included tests for reproducibility, reliability, sensitivity, species specificity, its performance on degraded DNA, and on forensic samples. It can be concluded that the 8‐SNP multiplex assay is robust and can be used on challenging samples, including bones, to reliably determine the genotypes to predict eye and skin color of individuals. This information can assist in the identification of human remains and missing persons.
Analysis of Hypodermic Needles and Syringes for the Presence of Blood and Polydimethylsiloxane (Silicone) Utilizing Microchemical Tests and Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Crowe John B. , Lanzarotta Adam , Witkowski Mark R. , Andria Sara E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSuspect hypodermic needles and syringes were seized from an unlicensed individual who was allegedly injecting patients with silicone (polydimethylsiloxane [PDMS]) for cosmetic enhancement. Since control syringe barrels and needles often contain an interfering PDMS lubricant, a risk for false positives of foreign PDMS exists. The focus of this report was to minimize this risk and determine a quick and reliable test for the presence of blood in PDMS matrices. Using ATR‐FT‐IR spectroscopy, the risk for false‐positive identification of foreign PDMS was reduced by (i) overfilling the sampling aperture to prevent spectral distortions and (ii) sampling a region of the suspect syringe/needle assembly where manufacturer‐applied PDMS is not typically located. Analysis for blood indicated that the Teichman microchemical test was effective for detecting blood in the presence of PDMS. Overall, detecting PDMS established intent and detecting blood established that the needle containing the PDMS had been used for injection.
The Potential of Cosmetic Applicators as a Source ofDNAfor Forensic Analysis
Authors: Adamowicz Michael S. , Labonte Renáe D. , Schienman John E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPersonal products, such as toothbrushes, have been used as both known reference and evidentiary samples for forensicDNAanalysis. This study examined the viability of a broad selection of cosmetic applicators for use as targets for humanDNAextraction and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions. Applicator types included eyeliner smudgers, pencils and crayons, eye shadow sponges, mascara wands, concealer wands, face makeup sponges, pads and brushes, lipsticks and balms, and lip gloss wands. The quantity and quality ofDNAextracted from each type of applicator were examined by assessing the number of loci successfully amplified and the peak balance of the heterozygous alleles in each fullSTRprofile. While degradedDNA, stochastic amplification, andPCRinhibition were observed for some items, fullSTRprofiles were developed for 14 of 76 applicators. The face makeup sponge applicators yielded the highest proportional number of fullSTRprofiles (4/7).
Effect of Initial PH on Growth Characteristics and Fermentation Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Liu Xingyan , Jia Bo , Sun Xiangyu , Ai Jingya , Wang Lihua , Wang Cheng , Zhao Fang , Zhan Jicheng , Huang Weidong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAs the core microorganism of wine making, Saccharomyces cerevisiae encounter low pH stress at the beginning of fermentation. Effect of initial pH (4.50, 3.00, 2.75, 2.50) on growth and fermentation performance of 3 S. cerevisiae strains Freddo, BH8, Nº.7303, different tolerance at low pH, chosen from 12 strains, was studied. The values of yeast growth (OD600, colony forming units, cell dry weight), fermentation efficiency (accumulated mass loss, change of total sugar concentration), and fermentation products (ethanol, glycerol, acetic acid, and l‐succinic acid) at different pH stress were measured. The results showed that the initial pH of must was a vital factor influencing yeast growth and alcoholic fermentation. Among the 3 strains, strain Freddo and BH8 were more tolerant than Nº.7303, so they were affected slighter than the latter. Among the 4 pH values, all the 3 strains showed adaptation even at pH 2.50; pH 2.75 and 2.50 had more vital effect on yeast growth and fermentation products in contrast with pH 4.50 and 3.00. In general, low initial pH showed the properties of prolonging yeast lag phase, affecting accumulated mass loss, changing the consumption rate of total sugar, increasing final content of acetic acid and glycerol, and decreasing final content of ethanol and l‐ succinic acid, except some special cases. Based on this study, the effect of low pH on wine products would be better understood and the tolerance mechanism of low pH of S. cerevisiae could be better explored in future.
Calcareous Nannofossils and Molecular Fossils in Cobalt‐rich Crusts and their Response to the P/E Global Event
Authors: Haisheng ZHANG , Jun ZHAO , Zhengbing HAN , Bing LU , Guanghai WU , PULYAEVA I. A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:A biostratigraphic study on calcareous nannofossils from the CM3D06 Co‐rich ferromanganese crust from the Magellan seamounts in the northwestern Pacific enabled estimation of depositional age. The bio‐imprinting of calcareous nannofossils and other fossil species suggests six age ranges for the nannofossils: late Cretaceous, late Paleocene, (early, middle, late) Eocene, middle Miocene, late Pliocene, and Pleistocene. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) were used to test the Co‐rich crusts, and a variety of molecular fossils were detected, such as chloroform bituminous “A”, n‐alkane, isoprenoid and sterol. Peak carbon and molecular indices (such as ΣC23−/ΣC24+, CPI, Pr/Ph, Pr/nC17, Ph/nC18 and δ13C) indicate that the parent organic matter is dominated by marine phytoplankton and thallogen whereas there is little input of terrestrial organic matter. Researches on calcareous nannofossils, molecular fossils and molecular organic geochemistry data reveal that the Paleocene/Eocene (P/E) global event is recorded in the cobalt‐rich crusts from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A succession of biomes can be observed near the 85 mm boundary (about 55 Ma), i.e., the disappearance of the late Cretaceous Watznaueria barnesae and Zigodicus spiralis, and Broisonia parka microbiotas above the P/E boundary, and the bloom of Coccolithus formosus, Discoaster multiradiatus, Discoaster mohleri and Discoaster sp. below the boundary. Typical parameters of molecular fossils, such as saturated hydrocarbon components and carbon‐number maxima, Pr/Ph, Pr/C17, Ph/C18, distribution types of sterols, Ts/Tm ratios and bacterial hopane, also exhibit dramatic changes near the P/E boundary. These integrated results illustrate that the biome succession of calcareous nannofossils, relative content of molecular fossils and molecular indices in the cobalt‐rich crusts near the 85 mm boundary faithfully record the P/E global event
Opaque Mineralogy as a Tracer of Magmatic History of Volcanic Rocks: an Example from the Neogene‐Quaternary Harrat Rahat Intercontinental Volcanic Field, North Western Saudi Arabia
Authors: SUROUR A.A. , MOUFTI A.M.B. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:The Neogene‐Quaternary Harrat Rahat volcanic field is part of the major intercontinental Harrat fields in western Saudi Arabia. It comprises lava flows of olivine basalt and hawaiite, in addition to mugearite, benmorite, and trachyte that occur mainly as domes, tuff cones and lava flows. Based on opaque mineralogy and mineral chemistry, the Harrat Rahat volcanic varieties are distinguished into Group I (olivine basalt and hawaiite) and Group II (mugearite, benmorite and trachyte). The maximum forsterite content (∼85) is encountered in zoned forsteritic olivine of Group I, whereas olivine of Group II is characterized by intermediate (Fo=50), fayalitic (Fo=25) and pure fayalite in the mugearite, benmorite and trachyte, respectively. The more evolved varieties of Group II contain minerals that show enrichment of Fe2+, Mn2+ and Na+ that indicates normal fractional crystallization. The common occurrence of coarse apatite with titanomagnetite in the benmorite indicates that P5+ becomes saturated in this rock variety and drops again in trachyte. Cr‐spinel is recorded in Group I varieties only and the Cr# (0.5) suggests lherzolite as a possible restite of the Harrat Rahat volcanics. The plots of Cr# vs. the forsterite content (Fo) suggest two distinct trends, which are typical of mixing of two basaltic magmas of different sources and different degrees of partial melting. The bimodality of Harrat Rahat Cr‐spinel suggests possible derivation from recycled MORB slab in the mantle as indicated by the presence of high‐Al spinel. It is believed that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle was modified by pervious subduction process and played the leading role in the genesis of the Harrat Rahat intraplate volcanics. The trachytes of the Harrat Rahat volcanic field were formed most probably by melting of a lower crust at the mantle‐crust boundary. The increase in fO2 causes a decrease in Cr2O3, and Al2O3, and a strong increase in the proportion of Fe3+ and Mg# of spinel crystallizing from the basaltic melt at T ∼1200°C. The olivine‐pyroxene and olivine‐spinel geothermometers yielded equilibrium temperature in the range of 935–1025°C, whereas the range of <500–850°C from single‐pyroxene thermometry indicates either post crystallization re‐equilibrium of the clinopyroxene, or the mineral is xenocrystic and re‐equilibrated in a cooling basaltic magma.
Geochemical Features, Age, and Tectonic Significance of the Kekekete Mafic‐ultramafic Rocks, East Kunlun Orogen, China
Authors: Ruibao LI , Xianzhi PEI , Zuochen LI , Yu SUN , Jianyong FENG , Lei PEI , Guochao CHEN , Chengjun LIU , Youxin CHEN 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:The Kekekete mafic‐ultramafic rocks are exposed in the Kekesha‐Kekekete‐Dawate area, which are in the eastern part of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt It outcrops as tectonic slices intruding tectonically in the Paleoproterozoic Baishahe Group and the Paleozoic Nachitai Group. The Kekekete mafic and ultramafic rocks is located near the central fault in East Kunlun and lithologically mainly consists of serpentinite, augite peridotite, and gabbro. The LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb age of the gabbro is 501 ± 7 Ma, indicating that Kekekete mafic‐ultramafic rocks formed in the Middle Cambrian. This rock assemblage is relatively poor in SiO2 and (Na2O+K2O) but rich in MgO and SFeO. The chondrite‐normalized REE patterns of the gabbro dip slightly to the right; the primitive mantle and MORB‐normalized spidergrams of trace elements show enrichment of large‐ion lithophile elements (Cs, Rb, Ba, etc.) and no differentiation of high field strength elements. The general dominance of E‐MORB features and the geochemical characteristics of OIB suggest that the Kekekete mafic‐ultramafic rocks formed in an initial oceanic basin with slightly enriched mantle being featured by varying degrees of mixing of N‐MORB depleted mantle and a similar‐OIB‐type source. From a comprehensive study of the previous data, the author believes that the tectonic history of the East Kunlun region was controlled by a geodynamic system of rifting and extension in the late stages of the Neoproterozoic to early stages of the Early Paleozoic and this formed the paleo‐oceanic basin or rift system now represented by the ophiolites along the central fault in East Kunlun, the Kekekete mafic‐ultramafic rocks and Delisitan ophiolite.