bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity mediates top–down control in eelgrass ecosystems: a global comparative‐experimental approach
Authors: Duffy J. Emmett , Reynolds Pamela L. , Boström Christoffer , Coyer James A. , Cusson Mathieu , Donadi Serena , Douglass James G. , Eklöf Johan S. , Engelen Aschwin H. , Eriksson Britas Klemens , Fredriksen Stein , Gamfeldt Lars , Gustafsson Camilla , Hoarau Galice , Hori Masakazu , Hovel Kevin , Iken Katrin , Lefcheck Jonathan S. , Moksnes Per‐Olav , Nakaoka Masahiro , O'Connor Mary I. , Olsen Jeanine L. , Richardson J. Paul , Ruesink Jennifer L. , Sotka Erik E. , Thormar Jonas , Whalen Matthew A. , Stachowicz John J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNutrient pollution and reduced grazing each can stimulate algal blooms as shown by numerous experiments. But because experiments rarely incorporate natural variation in environmental factors and biodiversity, conditions determining the relative strength of bottom–up and top–down forcing remain unresolved. We factorially added nutrients and reduced grazing at 15 sites across the range of the marine foundation species eelgrass (Zostera marina) to quantify how top–down and bottom–up control interact with natural gradients in biodiversity and environmental forcing. Experiments confirmed modest top–down control of algae, whereas fertilisation had no general effect. Unexpectedly, grazer and algal biomass were better predicted by cross‐site variation in grazer and eelgrass diversity than by global environmental gradients. Moreover, these large‐scale patterns corresponded strikingly with prior small‐scale experiments. Our results link global and local evidence that biodiversity and top–down control strongly influence functioning of threatened seagrass ecosystems, and suggest that biodiversity is comparably important to global change stressors.
Geographic range size is predicted by plant mating system
Authors: Grossenbacher Dena , Briscoe Runquist Ryan , Goldberg Emma E. , Brandvain Yaniv 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSpecies' geographic ranges vary enormously, and even closest relatives may differ in range size by several orders of magnitude. With data from hundreds of species spanning 20 genera in 15 families, we show that plant species that autonomously reproduce via self‐pollination consistently have larger geographic ranges than their close relatives that generally require two parents for reproduction. Further analyses strongly implicate autonomous self‐fertilisation in causing this relationship, as it is not driven by traits such as polyploidy or annual life history whose evolution is sometimes correlated with selfing. Furthermore, we find that selfers occur at higher maximum latitudes and that disparity in range size between selfers and outcrossers increases with time since their evolutionary divergence. Together, these results show that autonomous reproduction—a critical biological trait that eliminates mate limitation and thus potentially increases the probability of establishment—increases range size.
Ambivalent citizenship and extraterritorial voting among Colombians in London and Madrid
Authors: McILWAINE CATHY , BERMUDEZ ANASTASIA 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this article, we explore the nature of extraterritorial voting among Colombian migrants in the 2010 elections in London and Madrid. To address the neglected issue of why voter turnout from abroad has been so low, we take into account the views of voters and non‐voters alike to show that, while the external vote privileges the professional and well educated, this does not mean that migrants are not interested in politics back home. Drawing on Bauman (1991), we conceptualize ambivalent citizenship as the paradoxical manner in which, through the external vote, states impose hegemonic notions of citizenship from above, which people embrace in an ambivalent manner from below. We show that the workings of the state make voting a difficult process; they create structural ambivalence for migrants who, even if they practise their citizenship in other ways, exercise individual ambivalence because they find it difficult to engage with a political system back home that they do not trust. The conceptualization of ‘ambivalent citizenship’ therefore encompasses the contradictory complexities inherent in the provision of external voting rights that actively privilege and exclude migrants in mutually constitutive ways.
In vivo efficacy of human recombinant factor IX produced by the human hepatoma cell line HuH‐7
Authors: Enjolras N. , Perot E. , Le Quellec S. , Indalecio A. , Girard J. , Negrier C. , Dargaud Y. 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionPost‐translational modifications of the CHO‐cell‐derived‐recombinant human factor IX (FIX) currently used for the treatment of hemophilia B (HB) are different from plasma derived FIX. Our previous studies described a rFIX (HIX) having better profile of post‐translational modifications than rFIX produced by CHO cells. The aim of the study consisted to verify the improved post‐translational modifications effect of HIX on in vivo recovery.Materials and methodsHIX has been produced in a bioreactor and then purified from supernatants. In vitro activation and activity were evaluated measured by thrombin generation tests (TGT) and compared to commercial molecules, Benefix®, Mononine®. The three molecules were then administrated (i.v.) to FIX‐knockout mice and two minutes after injection, blood samples were collected and subjected to human FIX‐specific‐ELISA and TGT.ResultsThe clotting function of HIX, activation courses of HIX by FXIa and FVIIa‐TF complex appear normal as did activation of Benefix®, Mononine® and TG constants of each FIX were equivalent. After injection to HB mice, circulating HIX did not present any significant difference in term of antigen value with Benefix®. Intriguingly, TGT were clearly exhibiting a better velocity for HIX than Benefix® and Mononine®. These data suggested that HIX may improve in vivo coagulant efficacy in comparison with the two commercial FIX injected at the same dose.ConclusionThe study shows that HuH‐7‐derived‐rFIX has better in vivo haemostatic activity in hemophilia B mice compared to the reference rFIX molecule despite similar in vivo recovery rates, suggesting that HuH‐7 cells could represent an effective cellular system for production of rFIX.
The evolution of guidelines for the validation of flow cytometric methods
Authors: Du L. , Grover A. , Ramanan S. , Litwin V. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe recent advances in the field of flow cytometry have resulted in instrumentation with increased capacity which is actually more user‐friendly. Thus, the technology has become more valuable to research scientists, the pharmaceutical industry and clinical laboratories. The use of flow cytometry in regulated labs has been hampered by the challenges associated method validation and the lack of official guidance documents on the topic. Thus key stakeholders have published recommendation papers with the hope that these will be incorporated as official guidance documents. This review will focus on the achievements of the stakeholders and a high‐level overview their recommendations.
Flow cytometry immunophenotyping in integrated diagnostics of patients with newly diagnosed cytopenia: one tube 10‐color 14‐antibody screening panel and 3‐tube extensive panel for detection ofMDS‐related features
Authors: Porwit A. , Rajab A. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryAcute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms and lymphomas are the most prevalent diagnoses in adults presenting with new onset cytopenia. Here, we describe two 10‐color panels of surface markers (screening and comprehensive panel) applied at the Flow Cytometry Laboratory, University Health Network, Toronto,ON, Canada. A 10‐color flow cytometry is applied using the stain–lyse–wash sample preparation method. In patients with <10% blasts and no clear involvement by hematological malignancy based on cytomorphological evaluation of bone marrow (BM) smear, the recently published one‐tube 10‐color 14‐antibody screening panel is applied. This panel allows detection of major B‐ and T‐cell abnormalities, enumeration of cells in blast region (CD45 dim), and gives insight into myeloidBMcompartment, including calculation of four‐parameter score forMDS‐related abnormalities. In patients who present with ≥10 – <20% blasts in blood orBMsmears, a comprehensive three‐tube panel of surface markers is used up front. The analysis is focused on the detection of abnormal antigen expression patterns not seen in normal/reactiveBM, according to the guidelines developed by International/European LeukemiaNet Working Group for Flow Cytometry inMDS. In patients with ≥20% blasts, an additional tube is added to allow the detection of cytoplasmic markers necessary to diagnose mixed phenotype acute leukemia.
Crawling Predicts Infants’ Understanding of Agents’ Navigation of Obstacles
Authors: Brand Rebecca J. , Escobar Kelly , Baranès Adrien , Albu Amanda 
Published: May 2015

We investigated whether crawling versus noncrawling infants interpret an agent's movements around an obstacle as goal‐directed. Infants (6–9 months) were habituated to a self‐propelled circle jumping over an obstacle to reach a goal. When the obstacle was removed, infants who crawled (n = 13) showed longer looking time to the familiar but now nonrational jumping path versus a novel but rational straight‐line path. Noncrawlers (n = 17) did not discriminate. Looking preference was independent of age and speed of habituation. These findings support the claim that infants’ processing of agency emerges early and applies to all agents, but stress the role of experience in the development of action interpretation.
Membrane potential and ion content in cat and guinea‐pig myometrium and the response to adrenaline and noradrenaline
Authors: BÜLBRTNG EDITH , CASTEELS R. , KURIYAMA H. 
Published: May 2015

Cats, virgin and 17 days pregnant, and guinea‐pigs, virgin and 14–60 days pregnant, or treated for 1–8 days with oestradiol + progesterone, were used. The response of the uterus to adrenaline and noradrenaline was observed and, in pieces from the same tissues, the resting and active membrane potentials were recorded and the ionic content was determined.
Adrenaline and noradrenaline relaxed the virgin cat uterus, adrenaline being 20–100 times more potent in vivo and about 10 times or less in vitro.
Adrenaline and noradrenaline caused contraction of the early pregnant cat uterus, the ratio of potency being about 1.
Adrenaline and noradrenaline had a biphasic effect on the guinea‐pig uterus in all conditions. The ratio of potency was about 1.
The mean membrane potential was 48 mV in virgin cat uterus and 64 mV on the seventeenth day of pregnancy.
In guinea‐pigs the average membrane potential increased from 38 mV in the virgin uterus to 58 mV on the thirtieth day of pregnancy. A similar increase was produced by eight daily injections of 5 μg oestradiol and, on the last 4 days, additional 1.5 mg progesterone.
In the cat, no significant change in K and Na content was observed during pregnancy. The intracellular chloride content, however, rose from 51.5 m‐moles/l. fibre water in the virgin uterus to 89 m‐moles in the early pregnant uterus. As a result, the calculated chloride equilibrium potential changed from − 25 mV in virgin uterus to −11 mV in pregnant uterus.
In the guinea‐pig no significant change in ion content was observed and the calculated potassium and chloride equilibrium potentials remained both unaltered during pregnancy.
In contrast to guinea‐pig uterus in all conditions, and to virgin cat uterus, early pregnant cat uterus was not spontaneously active and excess calcium caused no hyperpolarization.
The reversal of the uterine response to adrenaline as a result of pregnancy is discussed in relation to the increase of the intracellular chloride content which was only observed in the cat.
Effects of microinjection of ouabain into the hypothalamus in cats
Authors: RAY B. N. BASU , BOOKER W. M. , DUTTA S. N. , PRADHAN S. N. 
Published: May 2015

Summary
In cats anaesthetized with chloralose, repeated injections of 20 μg ouabain were made either into the cerebral ventricles, or into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), or intravenously whilst the electrocardiogram, arterial blood pressure and respiration were recorded.
The injections produced cardiac arrhythmias preceded by sinus bradycardia, variable changes in arterial blood pressure and respiratory depression. Death occurred either from ventricular fibrillation or from cardiac arrest.
The arrhythmias which occurred after the injections into the cerebral ventricles were not peripheral effects produced after absorption of the ouabain into the blood stream, because with intravenous injections larger amounts were required to produce the arrhythmias and to cause death than with intraventricular injections. The arrhythmias which resulted in death were due to an action on the VMH. With microinjections of ouabain into this region of the brain death occurred earlier and after smaller doses than after intraventricular injections.
While sinus bradycardia was abolished by bilateral vagotomy other cardiac arrhythmias were prevented by acute cardiac sympathectomy and cervical cord transection. Thus both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems appear to be involved in the production of these arrhythmias.
Since some of the cardiac arrhythmias obtained with ouabain in anaesthetized cats resemble the cardiotoxic effects seen in clinical practice during treatment with digitalis glycosides it is concluded that these effects, too, are, at least in part, central in origin, caused by an action on the VMH and mediated mainly via the sympathetic nervous system.
Comparison of the dose‐response effects of morphine on brain amines, analgesia and activity in mice
Authors: FENNESSY M. R. , LEE J. R. 
Published: May 2015

Summary
Noradrenaline, dopamine, 5‐hydroxytryptamine and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in the mouse brain were measured 30 min after subcutaneous injection of doses of morphine ranging from 01 to 100 mg/kg: motor activiy was also measured.
The noradrenaline concentration in the mouse brain was reduced by moderate (2 to 20 mg/kg) but not by high (above 20 mg/kg) and low (below 2 mg/kg) doses of morphine.
The dopamine concentration in the mouse brain was reduced by moderate (1 to 20 mg/kg) doses but was raised by high doses (above 20 mg/kg) of morphine.
The 5‐hydroxytryptamine concentration in the mouse brain was reduced by moderate (1 to 20 mg/kg) doses of morphine but not by high (above 20 mg/kg) and low (below 1 mg/kg) doses of morphine.
The 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration was not affected by low doses (01 to 2 mg/kg), raised by a dose of 5 mg/kg, lowered by doses of 10–50 mg/kg and not affected by 100 mg/kg of morphine.
These results are discussed with reference to the possible implication of changes in monoamines for the analgesic and behavioural effects of morphine.
Effects of histamine, 5‐hydroxytryptamine and bradykinin on the vascular system of isolated lungs of the guinea‐pig and the influence of phenylbutazone on these effects
Authors: AARSEN P. N. , ZEEGERS A. 
Published: May 2015

Summary
In isolated lungs of the guinea‐pig perfused through the pulmonary artery repeated doses of histamine progressively increased pulmonary arterial pressure and reduced fluctuations in tracheal pressure. Phenylbutazone almost completely abolished the effect of histamine on the arterial pressure and suppressed the progression of the effect on tracheal pressure.
The effects of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and bradykinin did not show such progression.
The fractions of radioactivity remaining in the lungs after doses of 14C‐histamine did not differ significantly after successive doses. The outflow of radioactivity from previously loaded lungs was greatly increased by histamine, bradykinin and 5‐hydroxytryptamine. This increase was not affected by papaverine.
Successive doses of histamine, but not 5‐hydroxytryptamine, produced a progressive increase in weight of the lungs and this effect was accompanied by a progressive increase in arterial pressure. Both effects were strongly suppressed by phenylbutazone.
It is concluded that repeated administration of histamine causes an accumulation of fluid in the lungs probably mainly in the interstitial spaces, which results in an inhibition of the tracheal pressure fluctuations. Phenylbutazone prevents this effect by suppressing the vasoconstrictor action of histamine without affecting the increased vascular permeability.
LOCAL ANAESTHETIC AND ANTIARRHYTHMIC PROPERTIES OF AN AMINOSTEROID: 3α‐DIMETHYL‐AMINO‐5α‐ANDROSTAN‐2β‐OL‐17‐ONE (ORG. NA13)
Authors: BUCKETT W.R. , MARWICK FIONA A. , VARGAFTIG B.B. 
Published: May 2015

The aminosteroid Org. NA13 (3α‐dimethylamino‐5α‐androstan‐2β‐ol‐17‐one) was shown to be a more potent local anaesthetic than lignocaine in rats and guinea‐pigs.
Experimental arrhythmias induced in mice by chloroform, in rats by aconitine and in dogs by coronary artery ligation were corrected by Org. NA13 at doses from 10 to 50 mg/kg intravenously.
In contrast to lignocaine, other local anaesthetics and β‐adrenoceptor blocking drugs, Org. NA13 did not show any activity against the arrhythmias induced by ouabain in dogs.
The acute toxicity in whole animals and myocardial toxicity in the rabbit isolated atrium appeared to be less than that observed with lignocaine.
DISSOCIATION OF THEOPHYLLINE UPTAKE AND INOTROPIC EFFECT IN MYOCARDIAL TISSUE: INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE, pH AND CALCIUM
Authors: BELLEMANN P. , SCHOLZ H. 
Published: May 2015

The myocardial uptake and the positive inotropic effect of theophylline (100 μg/ml; 0.56 mM) were studied in isolated electrically driven guinea‐pig hearts perfused by the Langendorff technique under various extracellular conditions. [3H]‐theophylline was used.
Variations in temperature, hydrogen ion and calcium ion concentrations of the perfusion media changed the time course and magnitude of the effect of theophylline on myocardial twitch tension but did not affect the time course and amount of theophylline uptake.
Under all conditions, the build‐up of the positive inotropic effect of theophylline was about three times faster than the uptake of the drug into the heart.
Since no relationship could be found between theophylline uptake and inotropic effect, the cardiac positive inotropic response to theophylline is thought unlikely to be due mainly to an interaction of the drug with intracellular receptor sites but is assumed to occur via an effect of the drug on the sarcolemma, that is at a site which the drug reaches before it enters the intracellular space.
ANTI‐PROSTATIC ACTIVITY OF BIFLURANOL, A FLUORINATED BIBENZYL
Authors: DEKANSKI J.B. 
Published: May 2015

Endocrine and anti‐fertility studies were carried out on a fluorinated bibenzyl, bifluranol, in rats and mice.
A potent anti‐prostatic activity of bifluranol was shown to be comparable to diethylstilboestrol (DES). In contrast, its oestrogenic potency by the oral route was about eight times less than that of DES.
In comparative short and long‐term anti‐androgenic and fertility studies in rats and in studies on sexual potency and reproductive performance in male mice, bifluranol given orally was shown to produce fully reversible suppression of accessory sexual structures without impairment of spermatogenesis and fertility. In contrast, DES administered in the same dose reduced spermatogenesis as well as accessory sexual glands.
Bifluranol lowered serum luteinising hormone (LH) levels without affecting follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Under similar conditions DES reduces both LH and FSH levels. Since bifluranol does not antagonize androgen‐induced stimulation of the prostate in castrated rats, its anti‐prostatic effect is interpreted as a negative, hormonostatic feedback activity, mediated through a selective inhibition of LH secretion.
EFFECTS OF ERVATAMINE CHLORHYDRATE ON CARDIAC MEMBRANE CURRENTS IN FROG ATRIAL FIBRES
Authors: SAUVIAT MARTIN‐PIERRE 
Published: May 2015

The effects of a new alkaloid, ervatamine, on transmembrane currents of frog atrial fibres were studied by the double sucrose gap voltage clamp technique.
Ervatamine (2.8 × 10−4 m) blocked the action potential without altering the resting membrane potential.
The alkaloid depressed the peak INa. The dissociation constant for the blocking effect of ervatamine on gNa fast was 2.35 × 10−5 m with a one to one relationship between the drug molecule and the Na channel. Ervatamine did not alter the apparent equilibrium potential for Na, as well as the activation and inactivation parameters of gNa fast. This suggests that the alkaloid inhibitory effect on gNa can be attributed to a reduction in .
Ervatamine prolonged the rate of reactivation of the Na system. It inhibited gNa in a frequencydependent manner; this indicates that the alkaloid acts on open Na channels i.e. that the drug has to enter the channel or cross the membrane to produce the block.
Ervatamine inhibited INa slow which occurs in Ca‐free, tetrodotoxin‐containing solutions and moderately decreased Ica which occurs in Na‐free solutions. The drug increased the background K current (IK1) and did not alter the time‐dependent K current (Ix1).
The present study shows that ervatamine is a good inhibitor of both fast and slow gNa. This drug also shares some common electrophysiological properties with antiarrhythmic drugs namely: the frequency‐dependent inhibition of the fast gNa and the ability to slow the reactivation of the Na carrying system.
INHIBITION OF THROMBOXANE A2 BIOSYNTHESIS IN HUMAN PLATELETS BY BURIMAMIDE
Authors: ALLAN G. , EAKINS K.E. , KULKARNI P.S. , LEVI R. 
Published: May 2015

Burimamide selectively inhibited the formation of thromboxane A2 from prostaglandin endoperoxides by human platelet microsomes in a dose‐dependent manner (IC50 = 2.5 × 10−5 m). Burimamide was found to be equipotent to imidazole as a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor.
Metiamide, cimetidine and a series of compounds either bearing a structural or pharmacological relationship to histamine caused little or no inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis by human platelet microsomes.
Burimamide (5 × 10−4 to 2.3 × 10−3 m) did not inhibit either the cyclo‐oxygenase or the prostacyclin synthetase of sheep seminal vesicles or the prostacyclin synthetase of dog aortic microsomes.
Burimamide (2.5 × 10−5 to 1.2 × 10−4 m) inhibited sodium arachidonate‐induced human platelet aggregation; the degree of inhibition was dependent upon the concentration of arachidonic acid used to aggregate the platelets.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF HYPOGLYCAEMIC SULPHONYLUREAS AND ANTIBIOTIC IONOPHORES UPON CALCIUM TRANSLOCATION
Authors: COUTURIER E. , MALAISSE W.J. 
Published: May 2015

Hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas, such as tolbutamide and gliclazide, provoke the translocation of calcium from an aqueous medium into or across a hydrophobic region. The combined effect of sulphonylureas and antibiotic ionophores upon such a process was investigated.
The magnitude of the sulphonylurea‐induced translocation of calcium was more marked in the presence than in the absence of A23187. Gliclazide and tolbutamide also enhanced, although less markedly, X537A‐mediated calcium translocation. The effect of the sulphonylureas was even less marked in the presence of both ionophores, which acted synergistically in causing calcium translocation.
A non‐hypoglycaemic sulphonylurea and diazoxide failed to affect ionophore‐mediated calcium translocation. Gliclazide failed to enhance X537A‐mediated sodium translocation.
It is proposed that the primary site of action of hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas upon calcium‐dependent physiological processes may correspond to a drug‐induced facilitation of calcium transport across the plasma membrane, as mediated by native ionophores.