bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arvo Pärt’s Tintinnabuli Music in Film
Authors: Maimets-Volt Kaire 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This article examines the paramusical field of connotation surrounding Arvo Pärt’s tintinnabuli music in the contemporary Western culture of musical multimedia. The expressive meanings that tintinnabuli music is perceived to communicate are remarkably consistent, as well as can be argued to conform with the ideas the composer has wished to convey with his music.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Phospho-mTOR Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Leal Pamela , García Patricia , Sandoval Alejandra , Letelier Pablo , Brebi Priscilla , Ili Carmen , Álvarez Héctor , Tapia Oscar , Roa Juan C. 
Published: April 2013

Context.—Advanced gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a highly fatal disease with poor prognosis and few therapeutic alternatives. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in cell growth and homeostasis. Its regulation is frequently altered in various tumors and is an attractive target for cancer therapy; however, its status in GBC remains unclear.Objective.—To characterize immunohistochemical expression and prognostic significance of phospho-mTOR in advanced gallbladder carcinoma.Design.—Phospho-mTOR expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays containing 128 advanced GBCs and 99 cases of chronic cholecystitis, which were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of metaplasia. To evaluate the association of the level of phospho-mTOR expression with clinical variables and patient survival, the advanced GBCs were classified as having low or high expression. Statistical analysis was performed by using a significance level of P &lt; .05, and Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for survival analysis.Results.—Immunostaining for phospho-mTOR was positive in 82 of 128 tumors (64.1%) and in 24% of chronic cholecystitis cases (16% nonmetaplasia and 32% with metaplasia) (P &lt; .001). Survival analysis indicated that a high phospho-mTOR immunohistochemical expression was associated with poorer prognosis in patients with advanced GBC (P = .02).Conclusions.—Metaplasia is a common finding in chronic cholecystitis and is considered a precursor lesion of dysplasia. Our results suggest that the activation of mTOR occurs very early during the development of GBC, contributing to the carcinogenesis process. Phospho-mTOR expression is correlated with poor survival, supporting the potential of mTOR for targeted therapy.
Nonneoplastic Renal Cortical Scarring at Tumor Nephrectomy Predicts Decline in Kidney Function
Authors: Salvatore Steven P. , Cha Eugene K. , Rosoff James S. , Seshan Surya V. 
Published: April 2013

Context.—Evaluating nontumor portions of tumor nephrectomies is useful to diagnose nonneoplastic renal disease.Objective.—To determine the medical renal disease frequency and to assess the prognostic significance of the various renal pathologic variables with long-term follow-up in tumor nephrectomy patients.Design.—We reviewed nonneoplastic kidney sections of 456 consecutive cases from 1998 to 2008. Seventy-five cases were excluded (19 tumor compression, 25 no nonneoplastic tissue, 22 embolized kidneys, 9 end stage). Special staining, immunofluorescence, and/or electron microscopy was performed where appropriate. Vascular sclerosis was scored from mild to severe; interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy and global glomerulosclerosis (GS) were expressed as percentages. Follow-up, minimum 12 months, was evaluated in 156 cases. All renal pathologic variables were compared with regard to change in creatinine level from preoperative assessment to follow-up.Results.—Of 381 cases, 57 had additional medical renal disease (15%), most frequently diabetic nephropathy (28) and hypertensive nephropathy (11). Postoperative creatinine levels increased significantly in patients with severe arteriosclerosis or arteriolosclerosis, &gt;5% GS, and &gt;10% interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy. Seventy-four percent of cases with additional nonneoplastic diagnoses showed severe arteriolosclerosis. Higher corresponding GS was seen in the more affected vascular cases: mean, 5.56% GS for mild versus 23% GS for severe. Three patients progressed to renal failure 1 to 4 years after nephrectomy, 2 with hypertensive nephrosclerosis and 1 with diabetic nephropathy.Conclusions.—Medical renal disease was identified in 15% of tumor nephrectomy specimens. The degrees of vascular sclerosis, GS, and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy are predictive of elevated creatinine levels in postnephrectomy patients. Prognostic implications of the nontumor pathology are important in nephrectomized patients.
Central Pathology Review for Phase III Clinical Trials: The Enabling Effect of Virtual Microscopy
Authors: Mroz Pawel , Parwani Anil V. , Kulesza Piotr 
Published: April 2013

Context.—Central pathology review (CPR) was initially designed as a quality control measure. The potential of CPR in clinical trials was recognized as early as in the 1960s and quickly became embedded as an integral part of many clinical trials since.Objective.—To review the current experience with CPR in clinical trials, to summarize current developments in virtual microscopy, and to discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of this technology in the context of CPR.Data Sources.—A PubMed (US National Library of Medicine) search for published studies was conducted, and the relevant articles were reviewed, accompanied by the authors' experience at their practicing institution.Conclusions.—The review of the available literature strongly suggests the growing importance of CPR both in the clinical trial setting as well as in second opinion cases. However, the currently applied approach significantly impedes efficient transfer of slides and patient data. Recent advances in imaging, digital microscopy, and Internet technologies suggest that the CPR process may be dramatically streamlined in the foreseeable future to allow for better diagnosis and quality assurance than ever before. In particular, whole slide imaging may play an important role in this process and result in a substantial reduction of the overall turnaround time required for slide review at the central location. Above all, this new approach may benefit the large clinical trials organized by oncology cooperative groups, since most of those trials involve complicated logistics owing to enrollment of large number of patients at several remotely located participating institutions.
Recent Trends in Performance and Current State of Creatinine Assays
Authors: Killeen Anthony A. , Ashwood Edward R. , Ventura Christina B. , Styer Patricia 
Published: April 2013

Context.—Measured plasma or serum creatinine concentration is a primary component of equations used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In recent years, most assay manufacturers have adopted creatinine calibration procedures that are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Standard Reference Material 967.Objectives.—To examine the current performance of creatinine assays, to compare changes in assay performance since 2003, and to examine the reliability of laboratory eGFR calculations.Design.—Serum samples spiked with different concentrations of creatinine were analyzed by participating laboratories in the College of American Pathologists' LN24 survey. Participants' reported values were compared against values measured by liquid chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Participants were asked to calculate the eGFR for certain samples, and results were compared with those obtained from the 4-parameter Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation.Results.—Biases among current creatinine methods are in the range of −5% to 10%, compared with −7% to 34% seen in a 2003 study. This degree of bias in eGFR calculations is of clinical significance only for concentrations near the cut points used to stage chronic kidney disease. Approximately 20% of laboratories report eGFR values that exceed ±1 mL/min per 1.73 m2 from the expected eGFR using the 4-parameter Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation.Conclusions.—Since 2003, there have been improvements in the performance of creatinine assays, which appear to be related to the adoption of standard reference materials for calibration. The effect of the observed method biases in clinical practice now appears minimal. Laboratories should continue to monitor the accuracy of eGFR calculations.
The effect of opportunistic illness on HIV RNA viral load and CD4+ T cell count among HIV‐positive adults taking antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Ekwaru John P , Campbell James , Malamba Samuel , Moore David M , Were Willy , Mermin Jonathan 
Published: April 2013

IntroductionHIV RNA viral load (VL) has been shown to increase during opportunistic illnesses (OIs), suggesting active HIV replication in response to infection among patients not taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). We assessed the effects of OIs on HIV RNA VL and CD4+ T cell counts among patients on ART with initially suppressed VL.MethodsBetween 2003 and 2007, we enrolled and followed 1094 HIV‐1‐infected adults who initiated ART and had quarterly blood draws for VL and CD4+ T cell count. In VL/CD4+ T cell measurement intervals following undetectable VL, we compared the elevation in VL to detectable levels and CD4+ T cell count changes between intervals when participants had episodes of OIs and intervals when they did not have OIs.ResultsVL was more likely to be detectable if participants had OIs in the prior three months compared to when they did not (OR=4.0 (95% CI=1.9–8.6)). The CD4+ T cell counts declined 24.1 cells/µL per three months in intervals where the participants had OIs compared to an increase of 21.3 cells/µL per three months in intervals where they did not have OIs (adjusted difference in the rate of CD4+ T cell count change of 61.7 cells/µL per three months (95% CI=13.7–109.7), P value=0.012). The rate of CD4+ T cell count increase was 25.6 cells/µL per three months (95% CI=11.6–39.6) higher for females compared to males (p value=<0.001), 1.4 cells/µL per three months lower per one year increase in age (p value=0.046) and 4 cells/µL per three months lower per 10 cells/µL increase in the starting CD4+ T cell count value (p value=<0.001).ConclusionEpisodes of opportunistic infections among patients taking ART with undetectable VL were associated with elevation of HIV RNA VL to detectable levels and decline in CD4+ T cell counts.Clinical Trial Number: NCT00119093.
Next‐Door Instructions
Authors: Roche François 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFor François Roche, the pastoral can threaten a phony eco‐friendly dualism: ‘It seems that our times have invited the two demons to the same cosy dinner party, thus provoking a divorce between the next door and the door after that ‐ a permanent schizophrenia.’ His research project, An Architecture ‘des humeurs’, thus seeks ‘to confront the unknown in a contradictory manner’.
Pastoral Manoeuvres: Ecologies of City, Nature and Practice
Authors: Berntsen Duncan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the 21st century, the greening of public open spaces has proved one of the most compelling marketing teasers, but also one of the biggest ‘elephants in the room’. Architect, educator and urban designer Duncan Berntsen describes how students within the School of Architecture, Design and Construction at the University of Greenwich were encouraged to tackle this by developing ‘measurable innovative disruptions’ that could contribute positively to an urban sense of place.
The Role of Electrostatics and Temperature on Morphological Transitions of Hydrogel Nanostructures Self‐Assembled by Peptide Amphiphiles Via Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Fu Iris W. , Markegard Cade B. , Chu Brian K. , Nguyen Hung D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSmart biomaterials that are self‐assembled from peptide amphiphiles (PA) are known to undergo morphological transitions in response to specific physiological stimuli. The design of such customizable hydrogels is of significant interest due to their potential applications in tissue engineering, biomedical imaging, and drug delivery. Using a novel coarse‐grained peptide/polymer model, which has been validated by comparison of equilibrium conformations from atomistic simulations, large‐scale molecular dynamics simulations are performed to examine the spontaneous self‐assembly process. Starting from initial random configurations, these simulations result in the formation of nanostructures of various sizes and shapes as a function of the electrostatics and temperature. At optimal conditions, the self‐assembly mechanism for the formation of cylindrical nanofibers is deciphered involving a series of steps: (1) PA molecules quickly undergo micellization whose driving force is the hydrophobic interactions between alkyl tails; (2) neighboring peptide residues within a micelle engage in a slow ordering process that leads to the formation of β‐sheets exposing the hydrophobic core; (3) spherical micelles merge together through an end‐to‐end mechanism to form cylindrical nanofibers that exhibit high structural fidelity to the proposed structure based on experimental data. As the temperature and electrostatics vary, PA molecules undergo alternative kinetic mechanisms, resulting in the formation of a wide spectrum of nanostructures. A phase diagram in the electrostatics‐temperature plane is constructed delineating regions of morphological transitions in response to external stimuli.
Development and Characterization of Electrospun Poly(2‐hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Ramalingam Nithya , Natarajan Thirupathur Srinivasan , Rajiv Sheeja 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTElectrospinning is a reliable method to produce polymer nanofibers for medical applications. In this report, poly(2‐hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) (p(HEMA)) was electrospun using ethanol and water (4:1) to produce nanofibers. Electrospinning parameters such as the polymer concentration, flow rate, electric field, and distance between needle and collector were optimized. Nanofibers with diameters ranging from nano‐ to micrometer were obtained as seen through a scanning electron microscope. Solvent evaporation, thermal stability, crystallinity, storage modulus, and viscoelastic behavior were analyzed using FTIR, thermal analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and dynamical mechanical analysis respectively. This polymer fiber with mechanical strength, high swelling ratio, and good cell viability is shown to be an excellent biocompatible polymer for tissue engineering applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2013, 32, 21348; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21348
Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Verklebung auf den Diffusionswiderstand bei Einsatz von glutinbasierten Klebstoffen
Authors: Niemz Peter , Michel Franco , Kranitz Katalin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn mit Klebstoffen auf Basis tierischer Rohstoffe (Haut‐, Fisch‐ und Knochenleim) verklebtem Holz wurden der Diffusionswiderstand von Holzverklebungen sowie vergleichsweise das Sorptionsverhalten der Klebstofffilme gemessen. Tendenziell weisen die Verklebungen auf Basis tierischer Rohstoffe höhere Gleichgewichtsfeuchten und geringere Sorptionswiderstände auf als solche aus den heute meist eingesetzten synthetischen Klebstoffen. Dies kann sich auf die Feuchteaufnahme von mit diesen Materialien verklebten Werkstoffen (historische Möbel) auswirken.Study on the influence of bonding on the diffusion resistance using animal glues. Diffusion resistance of bonded wood elements and sorption behavior of pure adhesive layers as well were determined for adhesives derived from animal tissues (hide, fish and bone glue). Bondings with animal glues tend to have higher equilibrium moisture content and lower sorption resistance than bondings made with synthetic adhesives commonly applied nowadays. This may have an effect on sorption processes in objects bonded with these materials (i.e. historic furniture).
Endlich Ruhe im Hort! Eine akustische Muster‐Installation nur in den Raumkanten
Authors: Fuchs Helmut V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMit den berechtigten Klagen über Bildungsdefizite, Belastungen von Lehrern und Erziehern sowie krankheitsbedingte Unterrichtsausfälle geraten die unzumutbar hohen Lärmpegel in den Fokus, die in fast allen Schulungs‐ und Betreuungsräumen herrschen. Zur Behebung dieses Missstands sind bauliche Maßnahmen gefragt, die eine entspannte Kommunikation Vieler ohne Anhebung ihrer Stimmen möglich machen. Hier wird eine raumakustische Muster‐Installation beschrieben, die mit breitbandig wirksamen Absorbern nur in den Kanten des Horts in einer Grundschule das Problem nachhaltig gelöst hat. Die auf diesen Anwendungsbereich zugeschnittenen Kanten‐Absorber sind relativ einfach anzubringen und bei einer Renovierung wie schallharte Decken‐ und Wandflächen zu behandeln. Die subjektive Einschätzung der Ergebnisse durch die Verantwortlichen und die Nutzer selbst wird durch objektive Messungen (der Nachhall‐Spektren) von vier Raumzuständen untermauert. Der Beitrag ruft zu einem entsprechend verstärkten öffentlichen und privaten Engagement auf.Quiet in the school, at last! An acoustical model installation in merely the room edges. Substantial complaints about deficits in education, loads on teachers and tutors as well as subsequent losses due to various diseases have raised the general awareness of noise levels in tuition and care utilities. To cope with this omnipresent problem, constructional measures are required which can provide environments for a relaxed communication among numerous users without necessarily raising their voices. Here a room‐acoustical model installation is presented which has solved the problem by means of broadband sound absorbers concentrated in only the edges of a day‐nursery of a public elementary school. These ‘edge absorbers’, especially designed for this purpose, are easily installed and simply refurbished in the same way as rigid ceiling or wall surfaces. The subjective assessment of the achievements by those responsible and the users themselves are backed by objective measurements of the reverberation spectra for four different acoustic conditions in the room. The report finally calls for a reinforced public and private engagement in this field.
GIS‐enabled biomass‐ethanol supply chain optimization: model development and Miscanthus application
Authors: Lin Tao , Rodríguez Luis F , Shastri Yogendra N , Hansen Alan C , Ting KC 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTo ensure effective biomass feedstock provision for large‐scale ethanol production, a three‐stage supply chain was proposed to include biomass supply sites, centralized storage and pre‐processing (CSP) sites, and biorefinery sites. A GIS‐enabled biomass supply chain optimization model (BioScope) was developed to minimize annual biomass‐ethanol production costs by selecting the optimal numbers, locations, and capacities of farms, CSPs, and biorefineries as well as identifying the optimal biomass flow pattern from farms to biorefineries. The model was implemented to study the Miscanthus‐ethanol supply chain in Illinois. The results of the baseline case, assuming 2% of cropland is allocated for Miscanthus production, showed that unit Miscanthus‐ethanol production costs were $220.6 Mg–1, or $0.74 L–1. Biorefinery‐related costs are the largest cost component, accounting for 48% of the total costs, followed by biomass procurement, transportation, and CSP related costs. The unit Miscanthus‐ethanol production costs could be reduced to $198 Mg–1 using 20% of cropland, primarily due to savings in transportation costs. Sensitivity analyses showed that the optimal supply chain configurations, including the numbers and locations of supply sites, CSP facilities, and biorefineries, changed significantly for different cropland usage rates, biomass demands, transportation means, and pre‐processing technologies. A supply chain composed of large biorefineries with the support of distributed CSP facilities was recommended to reduce biofuels production costs. Rail outperformed truck transportation to ship pre‐processed biomass. Ground biomass with tapping is the suggested biomass format for the case study in Illinois, while high‐density biomass formats are suggested for long distance transportation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Genotypic adaptations associated with prolonged persistence of Lactobacillus plantarum in the murine digestive tract
Authors: van Bokhorst‐van de Veen Hermien , Smelt Maaike J. , Wels Michiel , van Hijum Sacha A. F. T. , de Vos Paul , Kleerebezem Michiel , Bron Peter A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractProbiotic bacteria harbor effector molecules that confer health benefits, but also adaptation factors that enable them to persist in the gastrointestinal tract of the consumer. To study these adaptation factors, an antibiotic‐resistant derivative of the probiotic model organism Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 was repeatedly exposed to the mouse digestive tract by three consecutive rounds of (re)feeding of the longest persisting colonies. This exposure to the murine intestine allowed the isolation of intestine‐adapted derivatives of the original strain that displayed prolonged digestive tract residence time. Re‐sequencing of the genomes of these adapted derivatives revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms as well as a single nucleotide insertion in comparison with the genome of the original WCFS1 strain. Detailed in silico analysis of the identified genomic modifications pinpointed that alterations in the coding regions of genes encoding cell envelope associated functions and energy metabolism appeared to be beneficial for the gastrointestinal tract survival of L. plantarum WCFS1. This work demonstrates the feasibility of experimental evolution for the enhancement of the gastrointestinal residence time of probiotic strains, while full‐genome re‐sequencing of the adapted isolates provided clues towards the bacterial functions involved. Enhanced gastrointestinal residence is industrially relevant because it enhances the efficacy of the delivery of viable probiotics in situ.
High‐performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of (RS)‐bupropion using isothiocyanate‐based chiral derivatizing reagents
Authors: Bhushan Ravi , Batra Sonika 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for enantioseparation of bupropion was developed using two isothiocyanate‐based chiral derivatizing reagents, (S)‐1‐(1‐naphthyl) ethyl isothiocyanate, (S)‐NEIT, and (R)‐α‐methyl benzyl isothiocyanate, (R)‐MBIT. The diastereomers synthesized with (S)‐NEIT were enantioseparated by reversed‐phase HPLC using gradient elution with mobile phase containing water and acetonitrile, whereas diastereomers synthesized with (R)‐MBIT were enantioseparated using triethyl amine phosphate buffer and methanol. Derivatization conditions were optimized and the method was validated for accuracy, precision and limit of detection. The limit of detection was found to be 0.040–0.043 µg/mL for each of the diastereomers prepared with (S)‐NEIT. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transition‐Metal‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Biaryls from Grignard Reagents and Substituted Cyclohexanones
Authors: Zhou Feng , Simon Marc‐Oliver , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA new strategy for the construction of biaryls by a transition‐metal‐free process is presented. A sequence of a Grignard reaction, dehydration, and oxidative aromatization affords the desired products in a one‐pot fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Spirodifuranose Derivatives by Reduction of Stable Spiro‐Endoperoxides.
Authors: Telli Fatma Cetin , Yueceer Levent 
Published: April 2013

AbstractReduction of spiro‐endoperoxides with dimethylsulfite furnishes spirodifuranones with concomitant anomeric methylation.