bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material Testing for Physicists: Unraveling the Dissipative Nature of Silicone Elastomers via Ball Drop Testing
Authors: Preuer Rene , Emminger Carina , Cakmak Umut , Graz Ingrid 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIsaac Newton once contemplated the fall of an apple, setting in motion a revolution in the understanding of gravity. In a similar spirit of curiosity and inquiry, here a journey is embarked upon to explore the intricate world of viscoelastic damping for polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS). Inspired by the notion that even the simplest of phenomena can yield profound insights, a novel approach to study damping in silicone elastomers through a simple ball drop test is introduced. This novel solution allowes for precise measuring and analyzing the material's damping characteristics under various conditions. By carefully controlling the release and monitoring, the response of the falling ball by simple video tracking, valuable insights into the key viscoelastic properties of silicone blends are extracted, including rebound resilience, Young's modulus, and complex modulus. Through the analysis of trajectory data generated during the sphere's interaction with the silicone damper, dynamic and static material parameters are determined. Remarkably, these outcomes closely align with results obtained from cost‐intensive and high‐maintenance industrial measurement setups such as dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DTMA) or tensile testing. This approach not only simplifies the complexity of the system but also offers a cost‐effective and efficient means of gaining essential knowledge in material science.
PEDOT:PSS‐Based Prolonged Long‐Term Decay Synaptic OECT with Proton‐Permeable Material, Nafion
Authors: Lee Ye Ji , Kim Yong Hyun , Lee Eun Kwang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), a conductive polymer, has gained popularity as the channel layer in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) due to its high conductivity and straightforward processing. However, difficulties arise in controlling its conductivity through gate voltage, presenting a challenge. To address this issue, aromatic amidine base, diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐ene (DBN), is used to stabilize the doping state of the PEDOT chain through a reliable chemical de‐doping process. Furthermore, the addition of the proton‐penetrable material Nafion to the PEDOT:PSS channel layer induces phase separation between the substances. By utilizing a solution containing both PEDOT:PSS and Nafion as the channel layer of OECTs, the efficiency of ion movement into the channel from the electrolyte is enhanced, resulting in improved OECT performance. The inclusion of Nafion in the OECTs’ channel layer modifies ion movement dynamics, allowing for the adjustment of synaptic properties such as pulse‐paired facilitation, memory level, short‐term plasticity, and long‐term plasticity. This research aims to introduce new possibilities in the field of neuromorphic computing and contribute to biomimetic technology through the enhancement of electronic component performance.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel Poly(thiourethane)–Poly(isocyanurate) Covalent Adaptable Networks: Effect of the Catalysts
Authors: Guerrero Federico , De la Flor Silvia , Serra Àngels 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPoly(thiourethane)‐based covalent adaptable networks are synthesized by reacting a trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate (Desmodur N3300) containing isocyanurate groups in its structure with 1,6‐hexanedithiol. The catalysts evaluated for this process include dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), lanthanum triflate (La(OTf)3), and a thermal precursor of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (BGDBU). The use of DBTDL results in the initiation of curing upon mixing, while the other two catalysts exhibit a latency period in the reactive mixture, with curing starting at about 90 °C. Notably, the use of the lanthanum salt produces an additional minor exothermic reaction at 80 °C. This phenomenon corresponds to the trimerization of isocyanates rending isocyanurates, leaving a portion of unreacted thiols. Materials prepared with BGDBU or La(OTf)3 present shorter relaxation times than those prepared with DBTDL. Nevertheless, the materials containing the lanthanum salt do not reach complete relaxation, likely due to the reinforcement of the permanent network through increased isocyanurate content. The formation of isocyanurates produces a stoichiometric imbalance, leaving unreacted thiols. This transforms the exchange process into a dual mechanism involving a dissociative process of thiourethanes to isocyanate and thiol, along with an interchange through thiol attacking the thiourethane group. The materials exhibit good recyclability and self‐healing characteristics.
Eager about beavers? Understanding opposition to species reintroduction, and its implications for conservation
Authors: Holmes George , Rowland Gabriel , Fox Katherine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The range of keystone species is increasing in some parts of the world, particularly Europe, through a combination of natural recolonization, government‐sanctioned and covert reintroductions. Reintroductions are an important conservation tool, particularly in the increasingly popular approach of rewilding.

There is relatively little understanding of the politics, broadly conceived, of species reintroduction, particularly around how people who live alongside these newly introduced species might react, and what underpins this reaction, and how the method of reintroduction affects reactions.

Here, we explore these issues through a case of beavers in central Scotland, which were covertly reintroduced. We explore opposition to reintroduction as manifest in beaver killing and dam destruction by land managers, quantifying these using the sensitive ‘bean count’ method.

We also explore what underpins land managers' reactions, particularly their views and values around land and land management.

We found considerable resistance. We found that beaver killing and dam destruction were widespread, both before and after beavers became a protected species. Nevertheless, beaver populations and ranges in Scotland continue to grow.

We found attitudes were grounded in a strong set of relational values around land custodianship. We find a range of views towards beavers, including widespread opposition, particularly regarding the covert nature of beaver introduction, the challenge beavers and beaver protection provide to ideas of proper land management and custodianship, and a lack of trust in formal methods of beaver governance.

We argue that species reintroductions policies and research should give careful consideration to potential opposition, its material impacts on reintroduction projects and how it is grounded in wider environmental values and politics.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Assessing the crashworthiness of nanocarbon‐filled glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite tubes under axial loading
Authors: Hegazy Dalia A. , Awd Allah Mahmoud M. , Seif Amr , Megahed M. , Abd El‐baky Marwa A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research aimed to understand how the incorporation of nanocarbon powder (NCP) influences the crashworthiness performance of glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy (GFRE) tubular components, potentially offering insights into improving the safety and resilience of structures or vehicles. Consequently, the crashworthiness behaviors of circular tubes made of GFRE with varying amounts of NCP was studied. Utilizing wet‐wrapping through hand lay‐up technique, GFRE tubes were fabricated with various weight percentages of NCP, that is, 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt.%. Following that, the crashing load, total absorbed energy against displacement responses, and deformation histories of these tubes under quasi‐static axial loading conditions were calculated and tracked. As part of the crashworthiness analysis, critical indicators were evaluated, including initial peak load (), total absorbed energy (U), mean crash force (), crash force efficiency (CFE), and specific energy absorption (SEA). The findings reveal that the maximum , U, , and SEA were noted at 0.5 wt.% of NCP, with increasing percent's of 30.80, 12.17, 12.16, and 7.50, respectively, compared to the unfilled tube. While, the CFE was recorded by 3 wt.% of NCP with an enhancement of 16.67%. It is worth to note that, the findings reveal that the inclusion of NCP increases crashworthiness metrics up, that is, , U, , and SEA to a concentration of 0.50 wt.% NCP. However, beyond this point, there's a notable decline in performance.Highlights
The GFRE tubes were filled with various wt.% of NCP.
The planned tubes were made using hand lay‐up methods.
The tubes were subjected to axial compression loads to examine their crashing behavior.
The crashing load and absorbed energy versus displacement responses for tubes were exposed.
The experimental results were analyzed and discussed.
Improved prediction of site‐rates from structure with averaging across homologs
Authors: Norn Christoffer , Oliveira Fábio , André Ingemar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVariation in mutation rates at sites in proteins can largely be understood by the constraint that proteins must fold into stable structures. Models that calculate site‐specific rates based on protein structure and a thermodynamic stability model have shown a significant but modest ability to predict empirical site‐specific rates calculated from sequence. Models that use detailed atomistic models of protein energetics do not outperform simpler approaches using packing density. We demonstrate that a fundamental reason for this is that empirical site‐specific rates are the result of the average effect of many different microenvironments in a phylogeny. By analyzing the results of evolutionary dynamics simulations, we show how averaging site‐specific rates across many extant protein structures can lead to correct recovery of site‐rate prediction. This result is also demonstrated in natural protein sequences and experimental structures. Using predicted structures, we demonstrate that atomistic models can improve upon contact density metrics in predicting site‐specific rates from a structure. The results give fundamental insights into the factors governing the distribution of site‐specific rates in protein families.
Hydro‐thermal modelling of the potential impacts of reservoirs on water temperature and incubation time of Atlantic salmon and brook trout in the Tobique River, Canada
Authors: Rahmati Negin , St‐Hilaire André , Curry Allen , Rincón Eisinhower 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWater temperature is recognised as a crucial variable in lotic ecosystems affecting the metabolism of aquatic organisms, with extremely high‐temperature events increasing the risk of mortality of various species. Impounding rivers to regulate flow and generate electricity is one of the causes of altered thermal regimes in river systems. This paper presents the results of a study to simulate the impact of reservoirs on downstream temperatures of the Tobique River, New Brunswick, Canada. CEQUEAU, a hydrological and water temperature model, was used to simulate and assess the flow and water temperature of the Tobique River from 1997 to 2020. It was coupled to a statistical model to generate water temperature at different depths in the reservoir. Results show that the CEQUEAU model was successfully calibrated for water temperature with an overall root mean square error of 1.7°C. Based on the results, when water is drawn from the lower parts of the reservoir, the mean water temperature downstream of the dam increases in winter and spring by ~1°C. The results of this paper provide insight into how dams can affect the incubation time of cold‐water species in eastern Canada. We calculated the hatching degree days of Atlantic salmon and Brook trout to evaluate the impact of dams on fry emergence. Results indicated that the hatching period of Atlantic salmon and Brook trout downstream of reservoirs may shorten under the influence of dams.
The influence of media scrutiny on firms' strategic eschewal of lobbying
Authors: Kim Jinsil , Welbourne Eleazar Miranda J. , Lee Seung‐Hyun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryLobbying allows firms to influence the government to potentially limit firms' costs during product recall crises. However, such lobbying can elicit scrutiny from the media if the lobbying gives the impression that firms wish to save costs at the expense of safety, thereby appearing hypocritical. We theorize that when faced with negative media coverage of product recalls or recall‐related lobbying, firms strategically eschew lobbying to limit further media scrutiny and its associated negative consequences. We test our hypotheses using the US auto industry's lobbying from 2008 to 2022. We provide further depth to our examination of strategic eschewal through 15 supplemental interviews of lobbyists about how the media influences firms' lobbying decisions.Managerial SummaryCompanies may resort to lobbying in efforts to reduce costs related to product recall crises, but such controversial lobbying may also tarnish their image. When confronted with negative media coverage of product recalls, or recall‐related lobbying, companies are more likely to strategically refrain from lobbying to minimize additional, unwanted media spotlight and its associated negative repercussions. Managers should be mindful that even if lobbying may help limit the costs of recalls, it could also cause potential reputational harm. Thus, it is vitally important that managers pay attention to the reputational cues from the media, which can help them determine when lobbying may be problematic and allow them to preemptively refrain from such lobbying.
Insights into Photopolymerization at the Nanoscale Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging
Authors: Khitous Amine , Lartigue Lionel , Moreau Julien , Soppera Olivier 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNear‐field photopolymerization (NFPP) driven by surface plasmon resonance has attracted increasing attention in nanofabrication. This interest comes from the nanometer‐scale control of polymer thickness, due to the confinement of the evanescent wave within a highly restricted volume at the surface. In this study, a novel approach using a multi‐spectral surface plasmon resonance instrument is presented that gives access to real‐time images of polymer growth during NFPP with nanometer sensitivity. Using the plasmonic evanescent wave for both polymerization and real‐time sensing, the influence of irradiance, concentration of dye, and initiator are investigated on the threshold energy and kinetics of NFPP. How oxygen inhibition in the near field strongly affects photopolymerization is highlighted, more than in the far field.
Electrical Polarity Modulation in V‐Doped Monolayer WS2 for Homogeneous CMOS Inverters
Authors: Gao Boxiang , Wang Weijun , Meng You , Du Congcong , Long Yunchen , Zhang Yuxuan , Shao He , Lai Zhengxun , Wang Wei , Xie Pengshan , Yip SenPo , Zhong Xiaoyan , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs demand for higher integration density and smaller devices grows, silicon‐based complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) devices will soon reach their ultimate limits. 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) semiconductors, known for excellent electrical performance and stable atomic structure, are seen as promising materials for future integrated circuits. However, controlled and reliable doping of 2D TMDs, a key step for creating homogeneous CMOS logic components, remains a challenge. In this study, a continuous electrical polarity modulation of monolayer WS2 from intrinsic n‐type to ambipolar, then to p‐type, and ultimately to a quasi‐metallic state is achieved simply by introducing controllable amounts of vanadium (V) atoms into the WS2 lattice as p‐type dopants during chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The achievement of purely p‐type field‐effect transistors (FETs) is particularly noteworthy based on the 4.7 at% V‐doped monolayer WS2, demonstrating a remarkable on/off current ratio of 105. Expanding on this triumph, the first initial prototype of ultrathin homogeneous CMOS inverters based on monolayer WS2 is being constructed. These outcomes validate the feasibility of constructing homogeneous CMOS devices through the atomic doping process of 2D materials, marking a significant milestone for the future development of integrated circuits.
Enthralling Anodic Protection by Molybdate on High‐Entropy Alloy‐Based Electrocatalyst for Sustainable Seawater Oxidation
Authors: Khatun Sakila , Shimizu Koji , Pal Santanu , Nandi Saikat , Watanabe Satoshi , Roy Poulomi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEfficient and sustainable seawater electrolysis is still limited due to the interference of chloride corrosion at the anode. The designing of suitable electrocatalysts is one of the crucial ways to boost electrocatalytic activity. However, the approach may fall short as achieving high current density often occurs in chlorine evolution reaction (CER)‐dominating potential regions. Thereby, apart from developing an OER‐active high‐entropy alloy‐based electrocatalyst, the present study also offers a unique way to protect anode surface under high current density or potential by using MoO42— as an effective inhibitor during seawater oxidation. The wide variation of d‐band center of high‐entropy alloy‐based electrocatalyst allows great oxygen evolution reaction (OER) proficiency exhibiting an overpotential of 230 mV at current density of 20 mA cm−2. Besides, the electrocatalyst demonstrates impressive stability over 500 h at high current density of 1 A cm−2 or at a high oxidation potential of 2.0 V versus RHE in the presence of a molybdate inhibitor. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal MoO42‐ electrostatically accumulated at anode surface due to higher adsorption ability, thereby creating a protective layer against chlorides without affecting OER.
Highly Emissive Lanthanide‐Based 0D Metal Halide Nanocrystals for Efficient Ultraviolet Photodetector
Authors: Min Jeong Wan , Samanta Tuhin , Lee Ah Young , Jung Young‐Kwang , Viswanath Noolu Srinivasa Manikanta , Kim Yu Ri , Cho Han Bin , Moon Ji Yoon , Jang Se Hyuk , Kim Jong H. , Im Won Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecently, lanthanide‐based 0D metal halides have attracted considerable attention for their applications in X‐ray imaging, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), sensors, and photodetectors. Herein, lead‐free 0D gadolinium‐alloyed cesium cerium chloride (Gd3+‐alloyed Cs3CeCl6) nanocrystals (NCs) are introduced as promising materials for optoelectronic application owing to their unique optical properties. The incorporation of Gd3+ in Cs3CeCl6 (CCC) NCs is proposed to increase the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from 57% to 96%, along with significantly enhanced phase and chemical stability. The structural analysis is performed by density functional theory (DFT) to confirm the effect of Gd3+ in Cs3Ce1‐xGdxCl6 (CCGC) alloy system. Moreover, the CCGC NCs are applied as the active layer in UVPDs with different Gd3+ concentration. The excellent device performance is shown at 20% of Gd3+ in CCGC NCs with high detectivity (7.938 × 1011 Jones) and responsivity (0.195 A W−1) at ‐0.1 V at 310 nm. This study paves the way for the development of lanthanide‐based metal halide NCs for next‐generation UVPDs and other optoelectronic applications.
Unconventional Magnetic and Magneto‐Transport Properties in Quasi‐2D Ni0.28TaSeS Single Crystal
Authors: Huang Lizhen , Wang Changlong , Liu Ping , Wang Shasha , Tan Haige , Liu Zhanfeng , Feng Yan , Ma Xiang , Wu Junjie , Sun Zhe , Cui Shengtao , Lu Yalin , Xiang Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials have broad application prospects in next‐generation spintronics. Inserting magnetic elements into nonmagnetic vdW materials can introduce magnetism and enhance various transport properties. Herein, the unconventional magnetic and magneto‐transport phenomena is reported in Ni0.28TaSeS crystal by intercalating Ni atoms into nonmagnetic 2H‐TaSeS matrix. Magnetic characterization reveals a canted magnetic structure in Ni0.28TaSeS, which results in an antiferromagnetic (AFM) order along the c‐axis and a ferromagnetic (FM) moment in the ab‐plane. The presence of spin‐flop (SF) behavior can also be attributed to the canted magnetic structure. Temperature‐dependent resistivity exhibits a metallic behavior with an abrupt decrease corresponding to the magnetic transition. Magneto‐transport measurements demonstrate a positive magnetoresistance (MR) with a plateau that is different from conventional magnetic materials. The field‐dependent Hall signal exhibits nonlinear field dependence when the material is in magnetically ordered state. These unconventional magneto‐transport behaviors are attributed to the field‐induced formation of a complex spin texture in Ni0.28TaSeS. In addition, it further investigated the angle dependence of MR and observed an unusual fourfold anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect. This work inspires future research on spintronic devices utilizing magnetic atom‐intercalated quasi‐2D materials.
Improved Urea Oxidation Performance via Interface Electron Redistributions of the NiFe(OH)x/MnO2/NF p‐p Heterojunction
Authors: Song Yulan , Huang Jinglin , Tang Cuilan , Wang Tao , Liu Yansong , He Xiaoshan , Xie Chunping , Chen Guo , Deng Chengfu , He Zhibing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of highly efficient urea oxidation reaction (UOR) electrocatalysts is the key to simultaneously achieving green hydrogen production and the treatment of urea‐containing wastewater. Ni‐based electrocatalysts are expected to replace precious metal catalysts for UOR because of their high activity and low cost. However, the construction of Ni‐based electrocatalysts that can synergistically enhance UOR still needs further in‐depth study. In this study, highly active electrocatalysts of NiFe(OH)x/MnO2 p‐p heterostructures are constructed on nickel foam (NF) by electrodeposition (NiFe(OH)x/MnO2/NF), illustrating the effect of electronic structure changes at heterogeneous interfaces on UOR and revealing the catalytic mechanism of UOR. The NiFe(OH)x/MnO2/NF only needs 1.364 V (vs Reversible Hydrogen Electrode, RHE) to reach 10 mA cm−2 for UOR. Structural characterizations and theoretical calculations indicate that energy gap leads to directed charge transfer and redistribution at the heterojunction interface, forming electron‐rich (MnO2) and electron‐poor (NiFe(OH)x) regions. This enhances the catalyst's adsorption of urea and reaction intermediates, reduces thermodynamic barriers during the UOR process, promotes the formation of Ni3+ phases at lower potentials, and thus improves UOR performance. This work provides a new idea for the development of Ni‐based high‐efficiency UOR electrocatalysts.