bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preconditioned flow as a solution to the hierarchical growth problem in the generalized Lefschetz thimble method
Authors: Nishimura Jun , Sakai Katsuta , Yosprakob Atis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The generalized Lefschetz thimble method is a promising approach that attempts to solve the sign problem in Monte Carlo methods by deforming the integration contour using the flow equation. Here we point out a general problem that occurs due to the property of the flow equation, which extends a region on the original contour exponentially to a region on the deformed contour. Since the growth rate for each eigenmode is governed by the singular values of the Hessian of the action, a huge hierarchy in the singular value spectrum, which typically appears for large systems, leads to various technical problems in numerical simulations. We solve this hierarchical growth problem by preconditioning the flow so that the growth rate becomes identical for every eigenmode. As an example, we show that the preconditioned flow enables us to investigate the real-time quantum evolution of an anharmonic oscillator with the system size that can hardly be achieved by using the original flow.
Higher-spin self-dual General Relativity: 6d and 4d pictures, covariant vs. lightcone
Authors: Neiman Yasha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study the higher-spin extension of self-dual General Relativity (GR) with cosmological constant, proposed by Krasnov, Skvortsov and Tran. We show that this theory is actually a gauge-fixing of a 6d diffeomorphism-invariant Abelian theory, living on (4d spacetime)×(2d spinor space) modulo a finite group. On the other hand, we point out that the theory respects the 4d geometry of a self-dual GR solution, with no backreaction from the higher-spin fields. We also present a lightcone ansatz that reduces the covariant fields to one scalar field for each helicity. The field equations governing these scalars have only cubic vertices. We compare our lightcone ansatz to Metsaev’s lightcone formalism. We conclude with a new perspective on the lightcone formalism in (A)dS spacetime: not merely a complication of its Minkowski-space cousin, it has a built-in Lorentz covariance, and is closely related to Vasiliev’s concept of unfolding.
Moduli of uniform convexity for convex sets
Authors: De Bernardi Carlo Alberto , Veselý Libor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLet C be a proper, closed subset with nonempty interior in a normed space X. We define four variants of modulus of convexity for C and prove that they all coincide. This result, which is classical and well-known for $$C=B_X$$

C
=

B
X

(the unit ball of X), requires a less easy proof than the particular case of $$B_X.$$

B
X

.

We also show that if the modulus of convexity of C is not identically null, then C is bounded. This extends a result by M.V. Balashov and D. Repovš.
A new lower bound for the $$\textrm{L}^2$$-norm of the Caputo fractional derivative
Authors: Jornet Marc 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe prove a novel, tight lower bound for the norm in $$\textrm{L}^2[0,T]$$

L
2

[
0
,
T
]

of the Caputo fractional derivative. It is based on continuous linear functionals, Peano kernels, and the Gaussian hypergeometric function.
Associations between constipation risk and lifestyle, medication use, and affective symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Chiang Che-Yu , Lo Su-Chen , Beckstead Jason W. , Yang Chiu-Yueh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the association between lifestyle and atypical antipsychotic drug use in patients with schizophrenia and the risk of constipation and to assess the impact of anxiety and depressive symptoms on constipation risk.

Methods
Cross-sectional convenience sampling was employed, and 271 participants aged 20–65 were enrolled. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire comprising participants’ demographic data, medication information, dietary behavior assessment, and the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. IBM SPSS 24.0 with multivariate logistic regression was used for data analysis. We performed a subgroup analysis of anticholinergic drugs via multivariate logistic regression.

Results
In total, 180 participants had functional constipation; risk factors included female sex, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and quetiapine and aripiprazole use. Patients who drank more than 3,000 cc of water daily or used risperidone were less likely to have functional constipation. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were risk factors even after adjusting for sex, use of anticholinergics and laxatives, consuming two servings of fruit, consuming three servings of vegetables, consuming more than 3,000 cc of water daily, physical activity, medical comorbidity, chlorpromazine equivalent dose, and atypical antipsychotic use. Similar associations were found for two affective symptoms and functional constipation in the subgroup analysis of anticholinergic drugs.

Conclusion
The prevalence of functional constipation in patients with schizophrenia was 66.4%. The risk factors included female sex, anticholinergics, aripiprazole, quetiapine, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Risperidone users and those who drank 3000 cc of water daily were less likely to have constipation.
React: recognize every action everywhere all at once
Authors: Chappa Naga V. S. Raviteja , Nguyen Pha , Dobbs Page Daniel , Luu Khoa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the realm of computer vision, Group Activity Recognition (GAR) plays a vital role, finding applications in sports video analysis, surveillance, and social scene understanding. This paper introducesRecognizeEveryAction Everywhere All At Once (REACT), a novel architecture designed to model complex contextual relationships within videos. REACT leverages advanced transformer-based models for encoding intricate contextual relationships, enhancing understanding of group dynamics. Integrated Vision-Language Encoding facilitates efficient capture of spatiotemporal interactions and multi-modal information, enabling comprehensive scene understanding. The model’s precise action localization refines joint understanding of text and video data, enabling precise bounding box retrieval and enhancing semantic links between textual descriptions and visual reality. Actor-Specific Fusion strikes a balance between actor-specific details and contextual information, improving model specificity and robustness in recognizing group activities. Experimental results demonstrate REACT’s superiority over state-of-the-art GAR approaches, achieving higher accuracy in recognizing and understanding group activities across diverse datasets. This work significantly advances group activity recognition, offering a robust framework for nuanced scene comprehension.
Enumeration of non-nodal real plane rational curves
Authors: Shustin Eugenii 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWelschinger invariants enumerate real nodal rational curves in the plane or in another real rational surface. We analyze the existence of similar enumerative invariants that count real rational plane curves having prescribed non-nodal singularities and passing through a generic conjugation-invariant configuration of appropriately many points in the plane. We show that an invariant like this is unique: it enumerates real rational three-cuspidal quartics that pass through generically chosen four pairs of complex conjugate points. As a consequence, we show that through any generic configuration of four pairs of complex conjugate points, one can always trace a pair of real rational three-cuspidal quartics.
Enhancing electrochemical detection through machine learning-driven prediction for canine mammary tumor biomarker with green silver nanoparticles
Authors: Enginler Sinem Özlem , Küçükdeniz Tarık , Dal Gamze Evkuran , Yıldırım Funda , Cilasun Gökçe Erdemir , Alkan Fulya Üstün , Gürgen Hazal Öztürk , Taşaltın Nevin , Sabuncu Ahmet , Yılmaz Merve , Karakuş Selcan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study developed an innovative biosensor strategy for the sensitive and selective detection of canine mammary tumor biomarkers, cancer antigen 15–3 (CA 15–3) and mucin 1 (MUC-1), integrating green silver nanoparticles (GAgNPs) with machine learning (ML) algorithms to achieve high diagnostic accuracy and potential for noninvasive early detection. The GAgNPs-enhanced electrochemical biosensor demonstrated selective detection of CA 15–3 in serum and MUC-1 in tissue homogenates, with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.07 and 0.11 U mL−1, respectively. The nanoscale dimensions of the GAgNPs endowed them with electrochemically active surface areas, facilitating sensitive biomarker detection. Experimental studies targeted CA 15–3 and MUC-1 biomarkers in clinical samples, and the biosensor exhibited ease of use and good selectivity. Furthermore, ML algorithms were employed to analyze the electrochemical data and predict biomarker concentrations, enhancing the diagnostic accuracy. The Random Forest algorithm achieved 98% accuracy in tumor presence prediction, while an Artificial Neural Network attained 76% accuracy in CA 15–3-based tumor grade classification. The integration of ML techniques with the GAgNPs-based biosensor offers a promising approach for noninvasive, accurate, and early detection of canine mammary tumors, potentially revolutionizing veterinary diagnostics. This multilayered strategy, combining eco-friendly nanomaterials, electrochemical sensing, and ML algorithms, holds significant potential for advancing both biomedical research and clinical practice in the field of canine mammary tumor diagnostics.
Graphical Abstract
Acceleration of skeletal maturation in Central Europe over the last two decades: insights from two cohorts of healthy children
Authors: Pape Johanna , Rosolowski Maciej , Zimmermann Peter , Pfäffle Roland , Hirsch Franz W. , Gräfe Daniel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Deviations between the determination of bone age (BA) according to Greulich and Pyle (G&P) and chronological age (CA) are common in Caucasians. Assessing these discrepancies in a population over time requires analysis of large samples and low intra-observer variability in BA estimation, both can be achieved with artificial intelligence-based software. The latest software-based reference curve contrasting the BA determined by G&P to the CA of Central European children dates back over two decades.

Objective
To examine whether the reference curve from a historical cohort from the Netherlands (Rotterdam cohort) between BA determined by G&P and CA still applies to a current Central European cohort and derive a current reference curve.

Materials and methods
This retrospective single-center study included 1,653 children and adolescents (aged 3–17 years) who had received a radiograph of the hand following trauma. The G&P BA estimated using artificial intelligence-based software was contrasted with the CA, and the deviations were compared with the Rotterdam cohort.

Results
Among the participants, the mean absolute error between BA and CA was 0.92 years for girls and 0.97 years for boys. For the ages of 8 years (boys) and 11 years (girls) and upward, the mean deviation was significantly greater in the current cohort than in the Rotterdam cohort. The reference curves of both cohorts also differed significantly from each other (P < 0.001 for both boys and girls).

Conclusion
The BA of the current Central European population and that of the curve from the Rotterdam cohort from over two decades ago differ. Whether this effect can be attributed to accelerated bone maturation needs further evaluation.
Clinical management of intestinal malrotation in different age groups
Authors: Bostancı Süleyman Arif , Öztorun Can İhsan , Erten Elif Emel , Akkaya Fahri , Akbaş İrem , Çayhan Vildan Selin , Abay Aslı Nur , Demir Sabri , Ertürk Ahmet , Azılı Müjdem Nur , Şenel Emrah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Intestinal malrotation, characterized by abnormal intestinal positioning, can lead to severe complications like volvulus and internal hernias, especially in neonates and children. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic methods, treatment results and postoperative follow-up of pediatric patients treated for intestinal malrotation.

Methods
This retrospective study reviewed medical records of pediatric patients who underwent surgery for intestinal malrotation between January 2013 and January 2022. Data on demographics, symptoms, diagnostic approaches, surgical interventions, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.

Results
The study included 45 patients, with a male predominance (68.8%). Ages ranged from 1 day to 15 years, averaging 1.54 years. Presenting symptoms were acute abdomen (n = 21) and chronic abdominal pain with vomiting (n = 24). Diagnoses were established via physical exams and imaging, including upper gastrointestinal contrast studies and abdominal ultrasonography. All patients received the Ladd procedure, with some requiring necrotic bowel resection due to volvulus.

Conclusion
The diagnosis and management of pediatric intestinal malrotation present significant challenges due to its variable symptoms and potential for life-threatening complications. Early and accurate diagnosis, followed by appropriate surgical management, is crucial. This study emphasizes the importance of diligent postoperative follow-up to identify and mitigate complications, particularly in younger and severely affected patients.
Unfolding the role of exercise in the management of sleep disorders
Authors: Giannaki Christoforos D. , Sakkas Giorgos K. , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. , Manconi Mauro , Bargiotas Panagiotis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSleep disorders are prevalent among the general population and even more in individuals suffering from chronic diseases. Recent data reveal promising effects of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological approach for improving sleep and managing various sleep disorders. However, more studies with proper design and methodology should be conducted in the future to obtain a clearer understanding of the subject. The role of exercise in preventing and improving sleep disorders is probably much higher than what is currently exploited. To fully exploit the potential benefit of physical activity on sleep disorders in the future, it is necessary to identify the relevant tools to assess sleep–wake disorders and establish specific exercise protocols tailored to different sleep disorders. The present manuscript aims to review the literature on the use of exercise in managing selected sleep disorders. Regular exercise, including short-term aerobic activity, resistance training, and mind–body exercises, can effectively improve sleep quality, particularly in cases of insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing. Additionally, increasing evidence supports the effectiveness of aerobic and strength training, and body-mind exercises such as yoga in managing sleep-related movement disorders. Exercise can be a safe, affordable, and efficient tool in enhancing sleep quality and improving sleep disorders. Per se, regular exercise could play an adjuvant role alongside with established therapies, or a valid alternative when the pharmacological approach is limited by side effects, interactions, or inefficacy. More research is needed to define how exercise affects the physiology of sleep, and consequently how to use exercise in patients with sleep disorders.
Graphical Abstract
A De Lellis–Müller type estimate on the Minkowski lightcone
Authors: Wolff Markus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe prove an analogue statement to an estimate by De Lellis–Müller in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

on the standard Minkowski lightcone. More precisely, we show that under some additional assumptions, any spacelike cross section of the standard lightcone is $$W^{2,2}$$

W

2
,
2

-close to a round surface provided the trace-free part of a scalar second fundamental form A is sufficiently small in $$L^2$$

L
2

. To determine the correct intrinsically round cross section of reference, we define an associated 4-vector, which transforms equivariantly under Lorentz transformations in the restricted Lorentz group. A key step in the proof consists of a geometric, scaling invariant estimate, and we give two different proofs. One utilizes a recent characterization of singularity models of null mean curvature flow along the standard lightcone by the author, while the other is heavily inspired by an almost-Schur lemma by De Lellis–Topping.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on administrative eating disorder prevalence in the outpatient sector and on severity of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Tam Friederike I. , Ochmann Richard , Marschall Jörg , Leschzinski Henri , Seidel Maria , Klink Linda , Föcker Manuel , Bühren Katharina , Dahmen Brigitte , Jaite Charlotte , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Seitz Jochen , Gilsbach Susanne , Correll Christoph U. , Müller Antonia E. , Hebebrand Johannes , Bell Rebecca , Legenbauer Tanja , Holtmann Martin , Becker Katja , Weber Linda , Romanos Marcel , Egberts Karin , Kaess Michael , Fleischhaker Christian , Möhler Eva , Wessing Ida , Hagmann Daniela , Hahn Freia , Thiemann Ulf , Antony Gisela , Gramatke Katrin , Roessner Veit , Ehrlich Stefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic appears to have had a considerable impact on the mental health of children and adolescents, particularly regarding eating disorders. However, it remains unclear whether the pandemic affected only the frequency or also the severity of eating disorders. We examined potential pandemic-related changes in the administrative prevalence of eating disorders in the outpatient sector compared with other mental disorders using German statutory health insurance data for the age group 10 to 16 years. We also examined disorder severity of anorexia nervosa using data from the multicenter German Registry of Children and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa in the same age group. Our results showed a marked increase in the administrative prevalence of eating disorders (based on documented diagnoses) in the outpatient sector among girls but not among boys. A similar pattern was found for internalizing disorders, whereas the administrative prevalences of externalizing disorders decreased. Regarding the severity of anorexia nervosa among inpatients, we found no pandemic-related changes in body mass index standard deviation score at admission, body weight loss before admission, psychiatric comorbidities and psychopharmacological medication. Given the administrative prevalence increase in the outpatient sector, the lack of impact of the pandemic on the inpatient sector may also be partly due to a shift in healthcare utilization towards outpatient services during the pandemic. Thus, the higher number of children and adolescents requiring specialized and timely outpatient care may be a major concern under pandemic conditions.
eSTARK: extending STARKs with arguments
Authors: Masip-Ardevol Héctor , Baylina-Melé Jordi , Guzmán-Albiol Marc , Muñoz-Tapia Jose Luis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSTARK is a widely used transparent proof system that uses low-degree tests for proving the correctness of a computer program. STARK consumes an intermediate representation known as AIR that is more appropriate for programs with a relatively short and structured description. However, an AIR is not able to succinctly express non-equality constraints, leading to the incorporation of unwanted polynomials. We present the eSTARK protocol, a new probabilistic proof that generalizes the STARK family through the introduction of a more generic intermediate representation called eAIR. We describe eSTARK in the polynomial IOP model, which combines the optimized version of the STARK protocol with the incorporation of three arguments into the protocol. We also explain various techniques that enhance the vanilla STARK complexity, including optimizations applied to polynomial computations, and analyze the tradeoffs between controlling the constraint degree either at the representation of the AIR or inside the eSTARK itself.
Development of a generalized pseudo-probabilistic approach for characterizing ecological conditions in estuaries using secondary data
Authors: Harwell Linda C. , McMillion Courtney A. , Lamper Andrea M. , Summers J. Kevin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnder the best circumstances, achieving or sustaining optimum ecological conditions in estuaries is challenging. Persistent information gaps in estuarine data make it difficult to differentiate natural variability from potential regime shifts. Long-term monitoring is critical for tracking ecological change over time. In the United States (US), many resource management programs are working at maximum capacity to address existing state and federal water quality mandates (e.g., pollutant load limits, climate impact mitigation, and fisheries management) and have little room to expand routine sampling efforts to conduct periodic ecological baseline assessments, especially at state and local scales. Alternative design, monitoring, and assessment approaches are needed to help offset the burden of addressing additional data needs to increase understanding about estuarine system resilience when existing monitoring data are sparse or spatially limited. Research presented here offers a pseudo-probabilistic approach that allows for the use of found or secondary data, such as data on hand and other acquired data, to generate statistically robust characterizations of ecological conditions in estuaries. Our approach uses a generalized pseudo-probabilistic framework to synthesize data from different contributors to inform probabilistic-like baseline assessments. The methodology relies on simple geospatial techniques and existing tools (R package functions) developed for the US Environmental Protection Agency to support ecological monitoring and assessment programs like the National Coastal Condition Assessment. Using secondary estuarine water quality data collected in the Northwest Florida (US) estuaries, demonstrations suggest that the pseudo-probabilistic approach produces estuarine condition assessment results with reasonable statistical confidence, improved spatial representativeness, and value-added information. While the pseudo-probabilistic framework is not a substitute for fully evolved monitoring, it offers a scalable alternative to bridge the gap between limitations in resource management capability and optimal monitoring strategies to track ecological baselines in estuaries over time.