bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the Cost and Use of Targeted Cancer Therapies for the Privately Insured Nonelderly: 2001 to 2011
Authors: Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Smieliauskas Fabrice , Geynisman Daniel M. , Kelly Ronan J. , Smith Thomas J. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose This study sought to define and identify drivers of trends in cost and use of targeted therapeutics among privately insured nonelderly patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy between 2001 and 2011. Methods We classified oncology drugs as targeted oral anticancer medications, targeted intravenous anticancer medications, and all others. Using the LifeLink Health Plan Claims Database, we studied and disaggregated trends in use and in insurance and out-of-pocket payments per patient per month and during the first year of chemotherapy. Results We found a large increase in the use of targeted intravenous anticancer medications and a gradual increase in targeted oral anticancer medications; targeted therapies accounted for 63% of all chemotherapy expenditures in 2011. Insurance payments per patient per month and in the first year of chemotherapy for targeted oral anticancer medications more than doubled in 10 years, surpassing payments for targeted intravenous anticancer medications, which remained fairly constant throughout. Substitution toward targeted therapies and growth in drug prices both at launch and postlaunch contributed to payer spending growth. Out-of-pocket spending for targeted oral anticancer medications was ≤ half of the amount for targeted intravenous anticancer medications. Conclusion Targeted therapies now dominate anticancer drug spending. More aggressive management of pharmacy benefits for targeted oral anticancer medications and payment reform for injectable drugs hold promise. Restraining the rapid rise in spending will require more than current oral drug parity laws, such as value-based insurance that makes the benefits and costs transparent and involves the patient directly in the choice of treatment.
Partial Oxidation of Alcohols with O2 Catalyzed by Ru0/Al2O3
Authors: Numa Takashi , Kimura Atsushi , Okumura Kazu 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Partial oxidation of alcohols was performed over Ru/Al2O3 using O2 as the oxidizing agent. The catalytic activity increased with an increase in the thermal treatment temperature under both N2 and H2. The highest activity was attained by the sample treated at 1073 K in H2. Further enhancement in the activity was achieved by washing the catalyst with aqueous NH3. The catalyst could be reused after additional pretreatment with H2. Based on X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), CO adsorption, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, the active species was determined to be highly dispersed 1.6 nm Ru0 particles.
Romantic spectres in the Waikato caves: William Satchell’s The Greenstone Door as a chronotopical intertext and a critique and affirmation of bourgeois modernity
Authors: Franke Norman P. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Set in New Zealand during the Land Wars, William Satchell’s Bildungsroman, The Greenstone Door is widely considered to be one of the most seminal novels in New Zealand literary history. The text contrasts the rural topography and the social life of the Waikato with the urban landscapes and mentalities of Auckland and relates the development of its main protagonist, Cedric Tregarthen, to these (symbolic) spaces. This article examines the forms and scope of Satchell’s use of German literary discourses to narrate and comment on the New Zealand Land Wars, and on the ascent of bourgeois modernity and colonial mentalities in New Zealand. Authors and works considered in this comparative context include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister, Friedrich Schiller’s ‘Das Lied von der Glocke’, Novalis’s Heinrich von Ofterdingen and Karl May’s Winnetou. Drawing on theories developed by Sigmund Freud, Yuri M. Lotman and Mikhail Bakhtin, this article focuses in particular on The Greenstone Door’s key ‘chronotopes’. In this context, special emphasis is paid to the cave scene in which the novel’s protagonists anticipate the tragic future of traditional Maori culture. My reading suggests that the cave scene in The Greenstone Door can be understood as an adaptation and inversion of the cave scene in Novalis’s early Romantic novel Heinrich von Ofterdingen, thus necessitating an extension of Bakhtin’s and Lotman’s theoretical framework, which may be termed ‘chronotopical intertextuality’. The article concludes with a critical assessment of Satchell’s and Novalis’s ‘prophetic’ passages about the political and cultural future of German and New Zealand culture.
The British World during the First World War: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the question of Japan
Authors: Mann Jatinder 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
An examination of the attitude of the Pacific Dominions to Japan during the First World War indicates that each of the Dominions followed a path from heeding the Imperial government’s advice not to be too critical of its Far Eastern ally in the early stages of the war to giving voice to increasing concern about Japanese penetration into the Pacific as the war progressed. I focus on Japanese military mobilization at the outbreak of war, its takeover of the German Pacific colonies north of the equator, and its insistence on keeping them at the end of the war. These three episodes indicate that Dominion attitudes to Japan sometimes actually influenced the making of British foreign policy. There were points where the British government clearly tried to take on concerns from Australia, Canada and New Zealand in its position towards Japan. A good example of this is the British government’s attempts to secure the Japanese government’s support in issuing a joint statement that the latter was not planning on seizing former German colonies in the Pacific that the Dominions intended to deal with themselves in the early stages of the war. But there were also other periods where the realities of great power politics meant that the three Dominions had to accept the position adopted by the Imperial government.
FUTEBOL OU EDUCAÇÃO: ESCOLHA DO ESTADO OU DO JUDICIÁRIO
Authors: Roberto Donel Pedro , Campos Cattani Marcos José 
Published: May 2015

A partir da citação por Lenio Streck de uma decisão do juiz de direito Alexandre Morais da Rosa , na Comarca de Joinville, atendendo ação civil pública promovida pelo Ministério Público, determinando à municipalidade a criação de quase 3000 vagas na rede pública de ensino com o dinheiro que havia “preferido” investir na construção do estádio do JEC – Joinville Esporte Clube, cria-se uma análise para revisar o fenômeno do protagonismo judicial e a distinção entre ativismo judicial e judicialização da política, além de sua recepção pelo Tribunal de Justiça de Santa Catarina, Superior Tribunal de Justiça e Supremo Tribunal Federal.
The Search of Spatial Functions of Pressure in Adjustable Hydrostaticradial Bearing
Authors: Fedorynenko Dmytro , Boyko Sergiy , Sapon Serhii 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The analysis of spatial functions of pressure considering the geometrical deviations and the elastic deformation of conjugate surace have been considered. The analysis of spatial functions of pressure is performed by the finite element method. The difference of the size of pressure in a tangential direction of a pocket of a support under various service conditions has been investigated. A recommendation for improving of operational characteristics in regulated hydrostatic radial bearing has been developed.
Computationaly Simple Obstacle Avoidance Control Law for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Cieśluk Jakub , Gosiewski Zdzisław , Ambroziak Leszek , Romaniuk Sławomir 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The investigations of the system which allow to avoid obstacles by the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are presented in the paper. The system is designed to enable the full autonomous UAV flight in an unknown environment. As an information source about obstacles digital camera was used. Developed algorithm uses the existing relations between the imaging system and the parameters read from the UAV autopilot. Synthesis of the proposed obstacle avoidance control law was oriented for computational simplicity. Presented algorithm was checked during simulation studies and in-flight tests.
A note on preserving the spark of a matrix
Authors: Skrzyński Marcin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract Let Mm×n(F) be the vector space of all m×n matrices over a field F. In the case where m ≥ n, char(F) ≠ 2 and F has at least five elements, we give a complete characterization of linear maps Φ: Mm×n(F) → Mm×n(F) such that spark(Φ(A)) = spark(A) for any A ∈Mm×n(F).
Population distribution by selected road network elements - comparison of centroids, geocoded addresses, built-up areas and total areas on the example of Slovak communes
Authors: Bačík Vladimír , Klobučník Michal 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Two research objectives can be identified in the presented paper. The first one was the development of a point layer, which would abstract from the position of a central point depending on the shape of the territory of the respective spatial unit (commune), and would express the position of a commune as regards the location of the point in the area of the commune built-up area. For such purpose, a geocoding algorithm from Google was used, for which it was possible to prepare a final dot map layer without any terrain layout, as the geocoding algorithm processes only simple text addresses of the relevant spatial units. Such an obtained dot layer was compared with the layer of centroids and the achieved differences were visualised. Another objective was to compare different methods of population distribution interpretation from the selected road network elements at the commune level. Point layers in the form of centroids and geocodes were compared with the spatial population distribution on the basis of the total area and built-up area of a commune.
It is more suitable to use geocodes as the holder of statistical information in comparison with commune centroids, in particular in the areas with marked vertical division of the terrain. In assessing population distribution, the obtained values are much closer to the expression of the identical indicator calculated for the built-up area of a commune that we consider most accurate, which is also documented by the average percentage deviations between particular interpretations of population distribution.
How to define a diatom genus? Notes on the creation and recognition of taxa, and a call for revisionary studies of diatoms
Authors: Kociolek John Patrick , Williams David M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe highlight the increase in the number of diatom genera being described, and suggest that their description be based on the concept of monophyly. That is, a new genus will contain the ancestor and all its descendants. Past criteria or guidance on how to circumscribe genera are reviewed and discussed, with conceptual and actual exemplars presented. While there is an increase in the rate of genus descriptions in diatoms, and there are many journal and series dedicated to facilitating this important activity, we call for revisionary works on diatom groups, to assess and establish monophyletic groups at all levels of hierarchy in the diatom system.
Syntheses, structures and properties of isonicotinamidium, thionicotinamidium, 2- and 3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium nitrates
Authors: Lukačovičová Zuzana , Lacková Darina , Brienik Michal , Ondrejkovičová Iveta , Záborský Ondrej , Doháňošová Jana , Koman Marian 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNew salts containing cations of selected pyridine derivatives of the composition [pyH]NO
Integrated investigations for the characterisation of Roman lead-glazed pottery from Pompeii and Herculaneum (Italy)
Authors: Giannossa Lorena Carla , Fico Daniela , Pennetta Antonio , Mangone Annarosa , Laviano Rocco , De Benedetto Giuseppe Egidio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA multi-analytical approach was used to investigate Roman lead-glazed ceramic artefacts from archaeological excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum (Italy) aiming at defining the production technology of both glaze and ceramic body, by way of integrated investigations. The chemical, structural, and micro-morphological characterisations were performed using a combination of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Fragments of artefacts (skyphoi, oil lamps, bowls, askoi, amphorae, krateres) of great historical and archaeological interest were sampled. LA-ICP-MS was used to determine the elemental composition by virtue of its effective lateral resolution, its ability to detect most elements and also to analyse comparably small samples. All the archaeological objects were coated with a lead-based glaze produced using a lead oxide-plus-quartz mixture, with sodium/potassium feldspars added as a flux and two different metals used: copper and iron. Two types of ceramic pastes have been identified, but chemometric techniques support the hypothesis of a Campanian provenance for the raw materials. Degradation phenomena such as the partial devitrification of the glaze, i.e. the slow structural reorganisation towards stable crystalline phases, and the leaching by mineral dissolution in the soil, were determined.
Characterization of a novel Aspergillus niger beta-glucosidase tolerant to saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass products and fermentation inhibitors
Authors: Oriente Alesandra , Tramontina Robson , de Andrades Diandra , Henn Caroline , Silva Jose L. C. , Simão Rita C. G. , Maller Alexandre , Polizeli Maria de Lourdes T. M. , Kadowaki Marina K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractProperties of beta-glucosidase produced by Aspergillus niger URM 6642 recently isolated from the Atlantic rainforest biome and its potential tolerance to saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass products and fermentation inhibitors was evaluated. The fungus was cultivated under solid state culture conditions at 37°C with different agro-industrial wastes. High levels of beta-glucosidase (3778.9 U g
Synthesis of a sialic acid derivative of ristocetin aglycone as an inhibitor of influenza virus
Authors: Bakai-Bereczki Ilona , Herczeg Mihály , György Bernadett , Naesens Lieve , Herczegh Pál 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn order to promote attachment of the ristocetin aglycone molecule to the surface of the influenza virus, the aglycone was derivatized with a hemagglutinin ligand sialic acid moiety using a click reaction. The sialoristocetin derivative exhibited somewhat lower anti-influenza virus activity than ristocetin and aglycoristocetin.
New bulk liquid membrane oscillator composed of two coupled oscillators with diffusion-mediated physical coupling
Authors: Szpakowska Maria , Płocharska-Jankowska Elżbieta , Nagy Ottó B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new type of bulk liquid membrane system, which represents the first example of a bulk liquid membrane oscillator characterised by the presence of two coupled oscillators, is described. When the benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride surfactant undergoes an oscillatory mass transfer through a nitromethane liquid membrane, a new liquid layer (phase X) appears between the membrane and the acceptor phase. Kinetic analysis provides evidence that the whole system is composed of two coupled oscillators with diffusion-mediated physical coupling. The first component oscillator (based on nitromethane) of lower frequency delivers the driving material to the second one (phase X-based oscillator) leading to additional higher frequency oscillations. A new molecular mechanism is proposed for interpreting the experimental observations. The results might enhance understanding of intercellular communication in biology, where periodic signalling is more efficient than any other type of signalling mode.
Carbonylation of cyclohexene to 2-cyclohexene-1-one by montmorillonite-supported Co(II) catalysts
Authors: Gao Shu , Tang Rui-Ren , Zhou Yin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel environmentally-friendly catalytic system for the carbonylation of cyclohexene with molecular oxygen under conditions of mild temperature, and under an atmospheric oxygen pressure is presented. In this system, a series of readily-prepared cobalt complexes of 2-aminophenol and its derivatives immobilised onto montmorillonite were used as catalysts. The catalysts were characterised by FT-IR, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance ultraviolet visible spectra, scanning electron microscopic measurements, transmission electron microscopic measurements and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. The effects of various reaction conditions such as catalyst dosage, temperature and time were optimised, obtaining an 88.7 % conversion with 72.0 % selectivity of 2-cyclohexene-1-one in 6 h. The results show that the catalytic activity of the cobalt complexes encapsulated in montmorillonite is higher than those of the free complexes. In addition, the heterogeneous catalysts were stable and can be recycled up to five times without any noticeable change in the catalytic activity.
Computational insights into allosteric interaction between benzoazepin-2-ones and lung cancer-associated PDK1: Implications for activator design
Authors: Guo Gang , Yang Cui , Li Gao-Feng , Li Heng , Ma Qian-Li , Guo Qi , Yang Xiu-Mei 
Published: May 2015

Abstract3-Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) plays a key role in the regulation of physiological processes and its catalytic activity is tightly regulated by allosteric modulators which bind to the PDK1 Interacting Fragment (PIF) pocket. However, details on the allosteric modulators regulation of the PDK1 catalytic activity remain elusive. Here, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to investigate the allosteric regulation of PDK1 induced by one of the benzoazepin-2-ones, the most potent compound 17 (BAZ2O). Molecular docking and MD simulation revealed that BAZ2O was located in the PIF pocket formed by residues from β4 and β5 sheets and helices αB and αC. BAZ2O formed a hydrogen bond with Arg131 and participated in hydrophobic interactions with Ile119, Thr148, Gln150, Leu155 and Phe157. Further comparative analyses of PDK1 in its apo and BAZ2O-bound states unveiled that BAZ2O promoted the structural coupling between the important catalytic domains of PDK1, including the activation loop and the helices αB and αC, thereby stabilizing the PDK1 conformation for catalysis. Understanding the allosteric interaction of PDK1 with small molecules provides a potentially valuable possibility of designing more potent allosteric modulators with therapeutic implications for lung cancer.
A newly isolated yeast as an expression host for recombinant lipase
Authors: Oslan Siti Nurbaya , Salleh Abu Bakar , Raja Abd Rahman Raja Noor Zaliha , Leow Thean Chor , Sukamat Hafizah , Basri Mahiran 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPichia guilliermondii strain SO isolated from spoiled orange was developed for use as an alternative expression host by using Pichia pastoris as the model of the experiment. This is the first study to report on the capability of P. guilliermondii SO as a host to express thermostable T1 lipase from Geobacillus zalihae. Alcohol oxidase and formaldehyde dehydrogenase promoters were present in the yeast genome. Interestingly, the recombinant yeast [SO/pPICZαB/T1-2 (SO2)] took only 30 h to reach optimal production with minimal methanol induction [1.5% (v/v)] in YPTM medium, as compared to P. pastoris, which took longer to reach its optimal condition. The purification yield of the His-tagged fusion lipase was 68.58%, with specific activity of 194.58 U/mg. The optimum temperature was 65°C at pH 9 in glycine-NaOH buffer, and it was stable up to 70°C in a wide pH range from pH 5 to 12. In conclusion, a newly isolated yeast from spoiled orange has been proven suitable for use as an expression host.
Is there a connection between inflammation, telomerase activity and the transcriptional status of telomerase reverse transcriptase in renal failure?
Authors: Kordinas Vasileios , Tsirpanlis George , Nicolaou Chryssoula , Zoga Margarita , Ioannidis Anastasios , Ioannidou Vasiliki , Bersimis Sotiris , Petrihou Christina , Savva Lefkothea , Legakis Nicholaos J. , Chatzipanagiotou Stylianos 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTelomerase is involved in the elongation of telomeres. It remains active in very few types of cell in mature organisms. One such cell type is the lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated the activity and expression of telomerase in lymphocytes from renal failure patients and compared it to that for normal controls. Inflammation status was determined at the same time. The enzyme activity was measured using PCR-ELISA with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three groups: 53 healthy individuals, 50 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 50 dialysis patients. In the same cell populations, the expression of the reverse transcriptase of the human telomerase gene (hTERT) was measured via real-time PCR. The inflammationstatus of these individuals was determined by calculating the interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) serum concentrations via ELISA. The lowest levels of telomerase activity were detected in CKD, and this group had the highest IL-6 and CRP values and the lowest hTERT expression. The dialysis group showed significant differences in comparison to the normal subjects and to the CKD patients. Further studies are warranted in order to explore the way inflammation influences telomerase activity and hTERT expression.
Matching Relation Between Consumer’s Psychology And Digital Goods Rankings
Authors: Chen Manyi , Wang Qi , Liu Hongzhi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The development of digital goods has profoundly changed the economic relationship and trading methods. Among all the digital goods recommendation information, ranking information is of prominent significance. The rankings impact consumers positively as they make decisions on buying digital products. We serve rankings and consumer psychologies as the object of this study, and will offer references and suggestions for the customization of the mobile terminal. Combining factor and cluster analysis, we subdivide the rankings into three groups first based on consumers’ values and lifestyles: reputation ranking, consumption behavior ranking and purchase intention ranking. Then, we use a correspondence analysis method to conclude the matching relationship between different types of rankings and various consumption psychology groups.
Swedish Taxation in a 150-year Perspective
Authors: Stenkula Mikael 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper examines the development of taxation in Sweden from 1862 to 2010. The examination includes six key aspects of the Swedish tax system, namely the taxation of labor income, capital income, wealth, inheritances and gifts, consumption and real estate. The importance of these taxes varied greatly over time and Sweden increasingly relied on broad-based taxes (such as income taxes and general consumption taxes) and taxes that were less visible to the public (such as payroll taxes and social security contributions). The tax-to-GDP ratio was initially low and relatively stable, but from the 1930s, the ratio increased sharply for nearly 50 years. Towards the end of the period, the tax-to-GDP ratio declined significantly.