bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial structure in European moose (Alces alces): genetic data reveal a complex population history
Authors: Niedziałkowska Magdalena , Hundertmark Kris J. , Jędrzejewska Bogumiła , Niedziałkowski Krzysztof , Sidorovich Vadim E. , Górny Marcin , Veeroja Rauno , Solberg Erling J. , Laaksonen Sauli , Sand Håkan , Solovyev Vyacheslav A. , Shkvyria Maryna , Tiainen Juha , Okhlopkov Innokentiy M. , Juškaitis Rimvydas , Done Gundega , Borodulin Vadim A. , Tulandin Evgenii A. , Jędrzejewski Włodzimierz 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimMoose, Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758), survived the European Pleistocene glaciations in multiple southern refugia, in a northern refugium near the Carpathians and possibly in other locations. During the second millennium ad, moose were nearly extirpated in Europe and only recolonized their current range after World War II. The number and location of refugia during the Pleistocene and recent population lows may have affected the current genetic diversity. We sought to characterize the genetic diversity in European moose in order to determine its genetic structure and the location of genetic hotspots as a way of inferring its population history and the number of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) refugia.LocationEurope.MethodsWe sequenced 538 nucleotides from the mitochondrial control region of 657 moose from throughout the species' European range. We estimated diversity within and among 16 sampling localities, and used samova to cluster sampling locations into subpopulations. We constructed phylogenetic trees and median‐joining networks to examine systematic relationships, and conducted Bayesian analysis of the coalescent and used mismatch distributions and approximate Bayesian computation to infer demographic history.ResultsEstonia had the highest nucleotide diversity, and western Belarus had the highest haplotype diversity. We observed four regional populations from the samova analysis. We found three haplogroups in European moose, probably representing lineages conserved in different refugia during the Pleistocene. European moose underwent spatial expansion after the LGM, but did not undergo demographic expansion. The effective population size has declined markedly within the last 2000 years.Main conclusionsThe current levels and distribution of genetic diversity in European moose indicate the effects both of Pleistocene glaciations and of a recent bottleneck, probably associated with anthropogenic influences such as pastoralization and hunting, and a very recent re‐expansion. We show that both historical and recent events can influence the diversity and distribution of a large mammal on a large scale.
Prevalence of purging at age 16 and associations with negative outcomes among girls in three community‐based cohorts
Authors: Solmi Francesca , Sonneville Kendrin R. , Easter Abigail , Horton Nicholas J. , Crosby Ross D. , Treasure Janet , Rodriguez Alina , Jarvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Field Alison E. , Micali Nadia 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThe comorbidity of purging behaviours, such as vomiting, inappropriate use of laxatives, diuretics or slimming medications, has been examined in literature. However, most studies do not include adolescents, individuals who purge in the absence of binge eating, or those purging at subclinical frequency. This study examines the prevalence of purging among 16‐year‐old girls across three countries and their association with substance use and psychological comorbidity.MethodsData were obtained by questionnaire in 3 population‐based cohorts (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), United Kingdom, n = 1,608; Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), USA, n = 3,504; North Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC85/86), Finland, n = 2,306). Multivariate logistic regressions were employed to estimate associations between purging and outcomes. Four models were fit adjusting for binge eating and potential confounders of these associations.ResultsIn ALSPAC, 9.7% of girls reported purging in the 12‐months prior to assessment, 7.3% in GUTS, and 3.5% in NFBC. In all 3 cohorts, purging was associated with adverse outcomes such as binge drinking (ALSPAC: odds ratio (OR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4–2.9; GUTS: OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.5–4.0; NFBC: OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8), drug use (ALSPAC: OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.8–4.7; GUTS: OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 2.8–7.3; NFBC: OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.6–6.6), depressive symptoms in ALSPAC (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5–3.1) and GUTS(OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 2.2–6.3), and several psychopathology measures including clinical anxiety/depression in NFBC (OR = 11.2, 95% CI = 3.9, 31.7).ConclusionsResults show a higher prevalence of purging behaviours among girls in the United Kingdom compared to those in the United States and Finland. Our findings support evidence highlighting that purging in adolescence is associated with negative outcomes, independent of its frequency and binge eating.
Are ant supercolonies crucibles of a new major transition in evolution?
Authors: Kennedy P. , Uller T. , Helanterä H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe biological hierarchy of genes, cells, organisms and societies is a fundamental reality in the living world. This hierarchy of entities did not ariseex nihiloat the origin of life, but rather has been serially generated by a succession of critical events known as ‘evolutionary transitions in individuality’ (ETIs). Given the sequential nature ofETIs, it is natural to look for candidates to form the next hierarchical tier. We analyse claims that these candidates are found among ‘supercolonies’, ant populations in which discrete nests cooperate as part of a wider collective, in ways redolent of cells in a multicellular organism. Examining earlier empirical work and new data within the recently proposed ‘Darwinian space’ framework, we offer a novel analysis of the evolutionary status of supercolonies and show how certain key conditions might be satisfied in any future process transforming these collaborative networks into true Darwinian individuals.
Exotic wildland weeds serve as reservoirs for a newly introduced cole crop pest, Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Lambert A. M. , Dudley T. L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe role of wildland weeds that serve as alternate hosts for insect pests has not been directly examined for the potential to sustain pest populations or facilitate pest outbreaks. The development of weed biological control programmes is also complicated by weed species that are closely related to economically important or native plants, especially rare or special status species. In recent surveys in southern California, USA, we found a newly introduced insect pest of cole crops, Bagrada hilaris Burmeister (Bagrada bug), feeding on Brassicaceae weeds in riparian areas adjacent to agricultural fields where cole crops are routinely grown. Insect populations grew to levels well over action thresholds and caused severe damage to populations of the invasive weed, Lepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed). The numerical response of B. hilaris on L. latifolium and other Brassicaceae weeds in natural areas may pose a significant challenge to effectively managing pest populations in crops. However, the accidental introduction of this insect provides the opportunity to examine plant–insect interactions with important implications for development of biologically based control methods for weeds.
In Vitro Fracture Toughness of Commercial Y‐TZP Ceramics: A Systematic Review
Authors: Passos Sheila Pestana , Nychka John A. , Major Paul , Linke Bernie , Flores‐Mir Carlos 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this review was to assess research methods used to determine the fracture toughness of Y‐TZP ceramics in order to systematically evaluate the accuracy of each method with regard to potential influencing factors.Materials and MethodsSix databases were searched for studies up to April 2013. The terms “tough*,” “critical stress intensity factor,” “zirconi*,” “yttri*,” “dent*,” “zirconia,” “zirconium,” and “stress” were searched. Titles and abstracts were screened, and literature that fulfilled the inclusion criteria was selected for a full‐text reading. Test conditions with potential influence on fracture toughness were extracted from each study.ResultsTen laboratory studies met the inclusion criteria. There was a significant variation in relation to test method, ambient conditions, applied/indentation load, number of specimens, and geometry and dimension of the specimen. The results were incomparable due to high variability and missing information. Therefore, 10 parameters were listed to be followed to standardize future studies.ConclusionsA wide variation in research methods affected the fracture toughness reported for Y‐TZP ceramics among the selected studies; single‐edge‐precracked beam and chevron‐notched‐beam seem to be the most recommended methods to determine Y‐TZP fracture toughness; the indentation methods have several limitations. Clinical significance: The accurate calculation of toughness values is fundamental because overestimating toughness data in a clinical situation can negatively affect the lifetime of the restoration.
Novel Method of Fabricating Individual Trays for Maxillectomy Patients by Computer‐Aided Design and Rapid Prototyping
Authors: Huang Zhi , Wang Xin‐zhi , Hou Yue‐zhong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeMaking impressions for maxillectomy patients is an essential but difficult task. This study developed a novel method to fabricate individual trays by computer‐aided design (CAD) and rapid prototyping (RP) to simplify the process and enhance patient safety.Materials and MethodsFive unilateral maxillectomy patients were recruited for this study. For each patient, a computed tomography (CT) scan was taken. Based on the 3D surface reconstruction of the target area, an individual tray was manufactured by CAD/RP. With a conventional custom tray as control, two final impressions were made using the different types of tray for each patient. The trays were sectioned, and in each section the thickness of the material was measured at six evenly distributed points. Descriptive statistics and paired t‐test were used to examine the difference of the impression thickness. SAS 9.3 was applied in the statistical analysis. Afterwards, all casts were then optically 3D scanned and compared digitally to evaluate the feasibility of this method.ResultsImpressions of all five maxillectomy patients were successfully made with individual trays fabricated by CAD/RP and traditional trays. The descriptive statistics of impression thickness measurement showed slightly more uneven results in the traditional trays, but no statistical significance was shown. A 3D digital comparison showed acceptable discrepancies within 1 mm in the majority of cast areas. The largest difference of 3 mm was observed in the buccal wall of the defective areas. Moderate deviations of 1 to 2 mm were detected in the buccal and labial vestibular groove areas.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the feasibility of a novel method of fabricating individual trays by CAD/RP. Impressions made by individual trays manufactured using CAD/RP had a uniform thickness, with an acceptable level of accuracy compared to those made through conventional processes.
Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma with Stromal Eosinophilia around Mini Dental Implants without the Protection of a Denture Base
Authors: dos Reis Andrea Candido , León Jorge Esquiche , Ribeiro Adriana Barbosa , Della Vecchia Maria Paula , Cunha Tatiana Ramirez , de Souza Raphael Freitas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis is a report of a case of an unusual oral lesion after the placement of mini implants for the retention of a mandibular overdenture. A patient received four 2‐mm‐wide dental implants in the anterior mandible and had her mandibular denture relined with a soft material. After 3 months, she was not wearing her mandibular denture, and two nodular ulcerated lesions were observed near the mini implants. The lesions ceased following excision and regular denture wearing. Clinical and microscopic examination led to the diagnosis of traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE). TUGSE is rare lesion with a benign course that may occur following injury of the oral mucosa by mini implants under certain circumstances.
The Efficacy of Guiding Flange Appliance in Correcting Mandibular Deviation in the Hemi‐Mandibulectomy Patient. A Correlative Study
Authors: Tripathi Arvind , Gupta Ashutosh , Gautam Vivek , Anwar Mohd. , Arora Varun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeThis report describes the efficacy of a guiding flange appliance in correcting mandibular deviation in the hemi‐mandibulectomy patient and correlates the time elapsed between surgery and placement of the appliance and the extent of initial mandibular deviation to the success rate of a guiding flange appliance in correcting the deviation.Materials and MethodsA total of 15 hemi‐mandibulectomy patients participated in the study. All had various degree of mandibular shift consequent to surgery. The patients were given a guiding flange prosthesis for about 4 months, and the efficacy of the guiding flange prosthesis was calculated in terms of percentage deviation corrected after 4 months.ResultsTime elapsed between surgery and prosthetic rehabilitation was in inverse relation to the percentage correction in mandibular deviation at 4 months (B = –7.668; p = 0.002). The less the initial deviation postsurgery, the better the correction (B = 9.798; p = 0.008).ConclusionPercentage correction of mandibular deviation is dependent on the timing of prosthetic rehabilitation. The less the initial deviation, the better the correction.
Flexural Properties of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Resin Reinforced with Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers: A Preliminary Finding
Authors: John Jacob , Ann Mani Shani , Palaniswamy Kalpana , Ramanathan Anand , Razak Abdul Aziz Abdul 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the flexural properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) reinforced with oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber.Materials and MethodsThe flexural strength and flexural modulus of three OPEFB fiber‐reinforced PMMA were compared with a conventional and a commercially available reinforced PMMA. The three test groups included OPEFB fibers of 0.5 mm thickness, 2.0 mm thickness, and OPEFB cellulose.ResultsAll test group specimens demonstrated improved flexural strength and flexural modulus over conventional PMMA. Reinforcement with OPEFB cellulose showed the highest mean flexural strength and flexural modulus, which were statistically significant when compared to the conventional and commercially reinforced PMMA used in this study. OPEFB fiber in the form of cellulose and 0.5 mm thickness fiber significantly improved flexural strength and flexural modulus of conventional PMMA resin. Further investigation on the properties of PMMA reinforced with OPEFB cellulose is warranted.ConclusionsNatural OPEFB fibers, especially OPEFB in cellulose form, can be considered a viable alternative to existing commercially available synthetic fiber reinforced PMMA resin.
Educational, developmental and psychological outcomes of resettled refugee children in Western Australia: A review of School of Special Educational Needs: Medical and Mental Health input
Authors: Mace Ariel Olivia , Mulheron Shani , Jones Caleb , Cherian Sarah 
Published: June 2014

AimThere are limited data regarding the educational backgrounds and associated psychological and developmental outcomes of refugee children resettling in Western Australia (WA). The WA paediatric Refugee Health Service (RHS) revised its first consult questionnaire (August 2011) to increase educational and psychosocial documentation, concurrent with engagement of a School of Special Educational Needs: Medical and Mental Health (SSEN: MMH) liaison teacher. This study aims to utilise these data to increase understanding of this cohort's educational, developmental and psychological needs and to describe SSEN: MMH's role within the RHS.MethodsRetrospective audit and analyses were performed on all initial standardised questionnaires for school‐aged refugee children (4–18 years) and SSEN: MMH referrals between August 2011 and December 2012.ResultsDemographic data from 332 refugees are described (mean age 9.58 ± standard deviation 3.43 years). Detailed educational information was available for 205 children. Prior education was limited (median 2 years), 64.9% experienced likely schooling interruption and 55.8% received education in their primary language. Language development concerns were significantly associated with previous education in a second language (odds ratio (OR) 4.55, P < 0.05). Other severe developmental and schooling issues were uncommon at presentation, with few correlations to prior education. In contrast, several migration factors, including family separation and mandatory detention, were significantly associated with psychological comorbidities such as post‐traumatic stress disorder (OR 5.60, P < 0.001 and OR 14.57, P < 0.001, respectively). SSEN: MMH reviewed 59 complex cases. Referral was significantly associated with multiple educational, developmental and psychological concerns.ConclusionsRefugee children have varied migration, trauma and educational backgrounds, impacting on health and psychological outcomes. In‐depth multidisciplinary history including prior education and psychosocial issues is recommended. Partnering with education services appears to play an effective, multifaceted role in aiding resettlement; however, longitudinal studies are required.
Factors relating to hospitalisation and economic burden of paediatric constipation in the state of Victoria, Australia, 2002–2009
Authors: Ansari Humaira , Ansari Zahid , Lim Tracy , Hutson John M , Southwell Bridget R 
Published: June 2014

AimConstipation is common, with severe symptoms requiring hospitalisation. Constipation can be a primary (present at admission and requires treatment or investigation) or principal (first listed) diagnosis for hospitalisation. In the USA, constipation is the second most common ambulatory care digestive diagnosis with total costs >US$1.7 billion/year. Incidence of hospitalisation for constipation in children peaks at toilet‐training age. This study determined the burden of paediatric constipation to hospital care in Victoria, Australia.MethodThe Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset was analysed retrospectively, examining hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of constipation in the 7‐year period 2002/2003 to 2008/2009.ResultsFor children, constipation was recorded as a primary diagnosis in 8688 admissions (3.6/1000 of population). In‐hospital prevalence was ∼1.0%. Mean length of stay was 4.4 days (median 1.0, range 0–993, standard deviation 16.7). There were 1121 readmissions in 668 children. Average treatment cost was A$4235/admission (median A$1461, range A$0–$278 816), with annual costs of ∼A$5 505 500. Children in the highest socio‐economic area had ∼50% fewer admissions (P < 0.0001). Predictors of readmission included age 10–18, male gender, rural residence, severe socio‐economic disadvantage, public hospital, planned admission, longer length of stay and association with other medical conditions.ConclusionsThis study identified that constipation in children is a significant cost burden in Victoria (costing public hospitals ∼A$5.5 million/year). Hospitalisation in Victoria is 10‐fold higher than in the USA with 10% readmissions within a month. We conclude that strategies aimed at reducing hospitalisation for constipation could result in significant savings for the paediatric public health system in Victoria, Australia.
Effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate on Cu2+ removal by Spirulina platensis strain (FACHB‐834)
Authors: Wang Huili , Zhao Xiaokai , Fang Fang , Dahlgren Randy A. , Li Dong , Yin Xiaohan , Zhang Yuna , Wang Xuedong 
Published: June 2014

The removal efficiency of Cu2+ by Spirulina platensis (strain FACHB‐834), in viable and heat‐inactivated forms, was investigated in the presence and absence of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). When the initial Cu2+ concentration was in the range of 0.5–1.5 mg · L−1, a slight increase in growth rate of FACHB‐834 was observed. In contrast, when Cu2+ or LAS concentrations were at or higher than 2.0 or 6.0 mg · L−1, respectively, the growth of FACHB‐834 was inhibited and displayed yellowing and fragmentation of filaments. The presence of LAS improved Cu2+ removal by ~20%, and accelerated attainment of Cu2+ retention equilibrium. For the 2‐ mg · L−1 Cu2+ treatments, retention equilibrium occurred within 2 d and showed maximum Cu2+ removal of 1.83 mg · L−1. In the presence of LAS, the ratio of extracellular bound Cu2+ to intracellular Cu2+ taken up by the cells was lower (1.05–2.26) than corresponding ratios (2.46–7.85) in the absence of LAS. The percentages of extracellular bound Cu2+ to total Cu2+ removal (both bound and taken up by cells) in the presence of LAS ranged from 51.2% to 69.3%, which was lower than their corresponding percentages (71.1%–88.7%) in the absence of LAS. LAS promoted biologically active transport of the extracellular bound form of Cu2+ into the cell. In contrast, the addition of LAS did not increase the maximum removal efficiency of Cu2+ (61.4% ± 5.6%) by heat‐inactivated cells compared to that of living cells (59.6% ± 6.0%). These results provide a theoretical foundation for designing bioremediation strategies using FACHB‐834 for use in surface waters contaminated by both heavy metals and LAS.
Suppression of Tomato mosaic virus disease in tomato plants by deep ultraviolet irradiation using light-emitting diodes
Authors: Matsuura S. , Ishikura S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Resistance-breaking strains of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) are emerging in many countries, including Japan. We examined whether deep ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on tomato plants using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) could suppress the expression of ToMV symptoms. We also investigated the optimum wavelength and radiant exposure for suppressing the disease effectively in tomato plants. Among the three wavelengths tested, UV irradiation at 280–290 nm had a relatively high suppressive effect on ToMV and resulted in a low incidence of UV damage. Pre-inoculation exposure to UV was effective in suppressing viral disease, indicating that acquired resistance was induced by UV irradiation. UV-B fluence of 0·7–1·4 kJ m−2 day−1 at wavelengths of 280–290 nm suppressed ToMV effectively without significant UV damage.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Disease caused in tomato plants by resistance-breaking Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) could be suppressed by ultraviolet (UV)-B irradiation using light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This paves the way for the future management of plant viral diseases using deep UV LEDs.