bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genital coupling and copulatory wounding inDrosophila teissieri(Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Kamimura Yoshitaka , Mitsumoto Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2012

We report genital coupling of Drosophila teissieri Tsacas, 1971, a member of the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup. The species subgroup consists of nine described species including the model organism Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830. Despite numerous studies on the biology of this group, our understanding of the evolutionary significance of the diversity in their genital structures is limited. This study provides evidence that (i) during the copulation, which lasts 41.1 min, a paired male genital part (dorsal branches of the basal processes of the aedeagus) open after being inserted into the female reproductive tract, (ii) female D. teissieri have a pair of pockets on the dorsal side of their genitalia that receive bifurcated spines of the male genitalia (ventral branches of the basal processes of the aedeagus), and (iii) male genital parts, especially unique strong spines of the cerci, cause multiple copulatory wounds on membranous areas of the female genitalia. Within the established phylogeny of the D. melanogaster species subgroup, we discuss possible functions of and evolutionary transitions in these genital structures.
Recursive interlocking puzzles
Authors: Song Peng , Fu Chi-Wing , Cohen-Or Daniel 
Published: November 2012

Interlocking puzzles are very challenging geometric problems with the fascinating property that once we solve one by putting together the puzzle pieces, the puzzle pieces interlock with one another, preventing the assembly from falling apart. Though interlocking puzzles have been known for hundreds of years, very little is known about the governing mechanics. Thus, designing new interlocking geometries is basically accomplished with extensive manual effort or expensive exhaustive search with computers.
In this paper, we revisit the notion of interlocking in greater depth, and devise a formal method of the interlocking mechanics. From this, we can develop a constructive approach for devising new interlocking geometries that directly guarantees the validity of the interlocking instead of exhaustively testing it. In particular, we focus on an interesting subclass of interlocking puzzles that are recursive in the sense that the assembly of puzzle pieces can remain an interlocking puzzle also after sequential removal of pieces; there is only one specific sequence of assembling, or disassembling, such a puzzle. Our proposed method can allow efficient generation of recursive interlocking geometries of various complexities, and by further realizing it with LEGO bricks, we can enable the hand-built creation of custom puzzle games.
Large-scale fluid simulation using velocity-vorticity domain decomposition
Authors: Golas Abhinav , Narain Rahul , Sewall Jason , Krajcevski Pavel , Dubey Pradeep , Lin Ming 
Published: November 2012

Simulating fluids in large-scale scenes with appreciable quality using state-of-the-art methods can lead to high memory and compute requirements. Since memory requirements are proportional to the product of domain dimensions, simulation performance is limited by memory access, as solvers for elliptic problems are not compute-bound on modern systems. This is a significant concern for large-scale scenes. To reduce the memory footprint and memory/compute ratio, vortex singularity bases can be used. Though they form a compact bases for incompressible vector fields, robust and efficient modeling of nonrigid obstacles and free-surfaces can be challenging with these methods.
We propose a hybrid domain decomposition approach that couples Eulerian velocity-based simulations with vortex singularity simulations. Our formulation reduces memory footprint by using smaller Eulerian domains with compact vortex bases, thereby improving the memory/compute ratio, and simulation performance by more than 1000x for single phase flows as well as significant improvements for free-surface scenes. Coupling these two heterogeneous methods also affords flexibility in using the most appropriate method for modeling different scene features, as well as allowing robust interaction of vortex methods with free-surfaces and nonrigid obstacles.
Foveated 3D graphics
Authors: Guenter Brian , Finch Mark , Drucker Steven , Tan Desney , Snyder John 
Published: November 2012

We exploit the falloff of acuity in the visual periphery to accelerate graphics computation by a factor of 5-6 on a desktop HD display (1920x1080). Our method tracks the user's gaze point and renders three image layers around it at progressively higher angular size but lower sampling rate. The three layers are then magnified to display resolution and smoothly composited. We develop a general and efficient antialiasing algorithm easily retrofitted into existing graphics code to minimize "twinkling" artifacts in the lower-resolution layers. A standard psychophysical model for acuity falloff assumes that minimum detectable angular size increases linearly as a function of eccentricity. Given the slope characterizing this falloff, we automatically compute layer sizes and sampling rates. The result looks like a full-resolution image but reduces the number of pixels shaded by a factor of 10-15.
We performed a user study to validate these results. It identifies two levels of foveation quality: a more conservative one in which users reported foveated rendering quality as equivalent to or better than non-foveated when directly shown both, and a more aggressive one in which users were unable to correctly label as increasing or decreasing a short quality progression relative to a high-quality foveated reference. Based on this user study, we obtain a slope value for the model of 1.32-1.65 arc minutes per degree of eccentricity. This allows us to predict two future advantages of foveated rendering: (1) bigger savings with larger, sharper displays than exist currently (e.g. 100 times speedup at a field of view of 70° and resolution matching foveal acuity), and (2) a roughly linear (rather than quadratic or worse) increase in rendering cost with increasing display field of view, for planar displays at a constant sharpness.
An optimization approach for extracting and encoding consistent maps in a shape collection
Authors: Huang Qi-Xing , Zhang Guo-Xin , Gao Lin , Hu Shi-Min , Butscher Adrian , Guibas Leonidas 
Published: November 2012

We introduce a novel approach for computing high quality point-to-point maps among a collection of related shapes. The proposed approach takes as input a sparse set of imperfect initial maps between pairs of shapes and builds a compact data structure which implicitly encodes an improved set of maps between all pairs of shapes. These maps align well with point correspondences selected from initial maps; they map neighboring points to neighboring points; and they provide cycle-consistency, so that map compositions along cycles approximate the identity map.
The proposed approach is motivated by the fact that a complete set of maps between all pairs of shapes that admits nearly perfect cycle-consistency are highly redundant and can be represented by compositions of maps through a single base shape. In general, multiple base shapes are needed to adequately cover a diverse collection. Our algorithm sequentially extracts such a small collection of base shapes and creates correspondences from each of these base shapes to all other shapes. These correspondences are found by global optimization on candidate correspondences obtained by diffusing initial maps. These are then used to create a compact graphical data structure from which globally optimal cycle-consistent maps can be extracted using simple graph algorithms.
Experimental results on benchmark datasets show that the proposed approach yields significantly better results than state-of-the-art data-driven shape matching methods.
Discontinuity-aware video object cutout
Authors: Zhong Fan , Qin Xueying , Peng Qunsheng , Meng Xiangxu 
Published: November 2012

Existing video object cutout systems can only deal with limited cases. They usually require detailed user interactions to segment real-life videos, which often suffer from both inseparable statistics (similar appearance between foreground and background) and temporal discontinuities (e.g. large movements, newly-exposed regions following disocclusion or topology change).
In this paper, we present an efficient video cutout system to meet this challenge. A novel directional classifier is proposed to handle temporal discontinuities robustly, and then multiple classifiers are incorporated to cover a variety of cases. The outputs of these classifiers are integrated via another classifier, which is learnt from real examples. The foreground matte is solved by a coherent matting procedure, and remaining errors can be removed easily by additive spatio-temporal local editing. Experiments demonstrate that our system performs more robustly and more intelligently than existing systems in dealing with various input types, thus saving a lot of user labor and time.
User-guided white balance for mixed lighting conditions
Authors: Boyadzhiev Ivaylo , Bala Kavita , Paris Sylvain , Durand Frédo 
Published: November 2012

Proper white balance is essential in photographs to eliminate color casts due to illumination. The single-light case is hard to solve automatically but relatively easy for humans. Unfortunately, many scenes contain multiple light sources such as an indoor scene with a window, or when a flash is used in a tungsten-lit room. The light color can then vary on a per-pixel basis and the problem becomes challenging at best, even with advanced image editing tools.
We propose a solution to the ill-posed mixed light white balance problem, based on user guidance. Users scribble on a few regions that should have the same color, indicate one or more regions of neutral color, and select regions where the current color looks correct. We first expand the provided scribble groups to more regions using pixel similarity and a robust voting scheme. We formulate the spatially varying white balance problem as a sparse data interpolation problem in which the user scribbles and their extensions form constraints. We demonstrate that our approach can produce satisfying results on a variety of scenes with intuitive scribbles and without any knowledge about the lights.
Expert testimony
Authors: Rayanchu Shravan 
Published: November 2012

Welcome to the Expert Testimony series, where we interview the leading researchers in mobile computing and wireless networking to get their perspectives on their work, and their thoughts on the evolution of the field.
In this issue, we have an interview with Charles E. (Charlie) Perkins conducted by Shravan Rayanchu. Charles E. Perkins is a senior principal engineer at Futurewei, investigating mobile wireless networking and dynamic configuration protocols, in particular LTE and various IEEE and IETF efforts. He is serving as document editor for the 802.21 group of the IEEE, and is author or co-author of IETF standards-track documents in the dmm, mip4, mext, manet, dhc, and autoconf working groups. He is an editor for several journals in areas related to wireless networking. He has continued strong involvement with performance issues related to Internet access for billions of portable wireless devices as well as actitivies for ad hoc networking and scalability.
Charles has authored and edited books on Mobile IP and Ad Hoc Networking, and has published a number of papers and award winning articles in the areas of mobile networking, ad-hoc networking, route optimization for mobile networking, resource discovery, and automatic configuration for mobile computers. Charles was also one of the creators of MobiHoc, the premier conference series that has provided the forum for many of the most important publications in the field of ad hoc networking; he remains on the steering committee for that conference. He has served as general chair and Program Committee chair for MobiHoc, MASS 2006, ICWUS 2010, and other conferences and workshops. Charles has served on the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) of the IETF and, at last count, has authored or co-authored at least 25 RFCs. He has made numerous inventions and been awarded dozens of patents; he was recently nominated for Inventor of the Year by the European Patent Office. He has served on various committees for the National Research Council, as well as numerous technical assessment boards for Army Research Lab and the Swiss MICS program. He has also served as associate editor for Mobile Communications and Computing Review, the official publication of ACM SIGMOBILE, and has served on the editorial staff for IEEE Internet Computing magazine.
Bcl3 Selectively Promotes Metastasis of ERBB2-Driven Mammary Tumors
Authors: Wakefield Alison , Soukupova Jitka , Montagne Amelie , Ranger Jill , French Rhiannon , Muller William J. , Clarkson Richard W. E. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Bcl3 is a putative proto-oncogene deregulated in hematopoietic and solid tumors. Studies in cell lines suggest that its oncogenic effects are mediated through the induction of proliferation and inhibition of cell death, yet its role in endogenous solid tumors has not been established. Here, we address the oncogenic effect of Bcl3 in vivo and describe how this Stat3-responsive oncogene promotes metastasis of ErbB2-positive mammary tumors without affecting primary tumor growth or normal mammary function. Deletion of the Bcl3 gene in ErbB2-positive (MMTV-Neu) mice resulted in a 75% reduction in metastatic tumor burden in the lungs with a 3.6-fold decrease in cell turnover index in these secondary lesions with no significant effect on primary mammary tumor growth, cyclin D1 levels, or caspase-3 activity. Direct inhibition of Bcl3 by siRNA in a transplantation model of an Erbb2-positive mammary tumor cell line confirmed the effect of Bcl3 in malignancy, suggesting that the effect of Bcl3 was intrinsic to the tumor cells. Bcl3 knockdown resulted in a 61% decrease in tumor cell motility and a concomitant increase in the cell migration inhibitors Nme1, Nme2, and Nme3, the GDP dissociation inhibitor Arhgdib, and the metalloprotease inhibitors Timp1 and Timp2. Independent knockdown of Nme1, Nme2, and Arhgdib partially rescued the Bcl3 motility phenotype. These results indicate for the first time a cell-autonomous disease-modifying role for Bcl3 in vivo, affecting metastatic disease progression rather than primary tumor growth. Cancer Res; 73(2); 745–55. ©2012 AACR.
DNA Damage–Specific Control of Cell Death by Cryptochrome in p53-Mutant Ras–Transformed Cells
Authors: Lee Jin Hyup , Gaddameedhi Shobhan , Ozturk Nuri , Ye Rui , Sancar Aziz 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The main feedback loop driving circadian rhythm in mice is controlled, in part, by the genes encoding the cryptochromes Cry1 and Cry2. Targeted mutation of both Cry1 and Cry2 delay the early onset of tumor formation in p53-null mutant mice. Furthermore, Ras-transformed p53- and Cry-null mouse skin fibroblasts are more sensitive than p53 mutants to apoptotic cell death initiated by agents that activate either the intrinsic or the extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Here, we investigated the effect of Cry1 and Cry2 mutations on cell death by other genotoxic agents that generate alkylated bases, interstrand crosslinks, DNA–protein crosslinks, and double-strand breaks. Both ultraviolet (UV) and the UV mimetic compound oxaliplatin and the radiomimetic compound doxorubicin promoted apoptosis by upregulating the tumor suppressor p73. However, only the UV and oxaliplatin-induced upregulation of p73 mediated by the transcription factor Egr1, but not the doxorubicin-induced upregulation mediated by the transcription factor E2F1, was enhanced by Cry1/Cry2 double mutation. Accordingly, Egr1 downregulation reduced oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis, whereas E2F1 downregulation reduced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Our findings establish distinct roles for cryptochromes in intrinsic apoptosis induced by UV mimetic and radiomimetic agents. Cancer Res; 73(2); 785–91. ©2012 AACR.
RNA Trafficking by Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Exosomes
Authors: Huan Jianya , Hornick Noah I. , Shurtleff Matthew J. , Skinner Amy M. , Goloviznina Natalya A. , Roberts Charles T. , Kurre Peter 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Extrinsic signaling cues in the microenvironment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) contribute to disease progression and therapy resistance. Yet, it remains unknown how the bone marrow niche in which AML arises is subverted to support leukemic persistence at the expense of homeostatic function. Exosomes are cell membrane–derived vesicles carrying protein and RNA cargoes that have emerged as mediators of cell–cell communication. In this study, we examined the role of exosomes in developing the AML niche of the bone marrow microenvironment, investigating their biogenesis with a focus on RNA trafficking. We found that both primary AML and AML cell lines released exosome-sized vesicles that entered bystander cells. These exosomes were enriched for several coding and noncoding RNAs relevant to AML pathogenesis. Furthermore, their uptake by bone marrow stromal cells altered their secretion of growth factors. Proof-of-concept studies provided additional evidence for the canonical functions of the transferred RNA. Taken together, our findings revealed that AML exosome trafficking alters the proliferative, angiogenic, and migratory responses of cocultured stromal and hematopoietic progenitor cell lines, helping explain how the microenvironmental niche becomes reprogrammed during invasion of the bone marrow by AML. Cancer Res; 73(2); 918–29. ©2012 AACR.
Antitumor Immunotherapeutic and Toxic Properties of an HDL-Conjugated Chimeric IL-15 Fusion Protein
Authors: Ochoa Maria C. , Fioravanti Jessica , Rodriguez Inmaculada , Hervas-Stubbs Sandra , Azpilikueta Arantza , Mazzolini Guillermo , Gúrpide Alfonso , Prieto Jesus , Pardo Julian , Berraondo Pedro , Melero Ignacio 
Published: November 2012

AbstractInterleukin (IL)-15 effects on CD8 T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes hold promise to treat cancer. Fusion proteins have been engineered to provide IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) mediated trans-presentation to lymphocytes and extend the plasma half-life of the cytokine. In this study, we report on a triple fusion protein combining apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), IL-15, and IL-15Rα's sushi domain. Apo A-I conveys IL-15 to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), from which the cytokine is trans-presented by the IL-15Rα's sushi domain. Such a construction was tested by hydrodynamic gene transfer to the liver of mice. Lethal toxicity was observed upon injection of 10 μg of the expression plasmid. Mice died from an acute lymphocytic pneumonitis in which T and NK cells dominate a severe inflammatory infiltrate. Importantly, mice devoid of NK cells were not susceptible to such toxicity and mice lacking granzymes A and B also survived the otherwise lethal gene transfer. Lower plasmid doses (&lt;2.5 μg) were tolerated and dramatically increased the numbers of NK and memory CD8 T lymphocytes in the liver, spleen, and lungs, to the point of rescuing the deficiency of such lymphocyte subsets in IL-15Rα−/− mice. Doses of plasmid within the therapeutic window successfully treated metastatic tumor models, including B16OVA lung metastasis of melanoma and MC38 colon cancer liver metastasis. Sushi-IL-15-Apo as a recombinant protein was also bioactive in vivo, became conjugated to HDL, and displayed immunotherapeutic effects against metastatic disease. Cancer Res; 73(1); 139–49. ©2012 AACR.
Tasquinimod Is an Allosteric Modulator of HDAC4 Survival Signaling within the Compromised Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Isaacs John T. , Antony Lizamma , Dalrymple Susan L. , Brennen W. Nathaniel , Gerber Stephanie , Hammers Hans , Wissing Michel , Kachhap Sushant , Luo Jun , Xing Li , Björk Per , Olsson Anders , Björk Anders , Leanderson Tomas 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Tasquinimod is an orally active antiangiogenic drug that is currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, the target of this drug has remained unclear. In this study, we applied diverse strategies to identify the histone deacetylase HDAC4 as a target for the antiangiogenic activity of tasquinimod. Our comprehensive analysis revealed allosteric binding (Kd 10–30 nmol/L) to the regulatory Zn2+ binding domain of HDAC4 that locks the protein in a conformation preventing HDAC4/N-CoR/HDAC3 complex formation. This binding inhibited colocalization of N-CoR/HDAC3, thereby inhibiting deacetylation of histones and HDAC4 client transcription factors, such as HIF-1α, which are bound at promoter/enhancers where epigenetic reprogramming is required for cancer cell survival and angiogenic response. Through this mechanism, tasquinimod is effective as a monotherapeutic agent against human prostate, breast, bladder, and colon tumor xenografts, where its efficacy could be further enhanced in combination with a targeted thapsigargin prodrug (G202) that selectively kills tumor endothelial cells. Together, our findings define a mechanism of action of tasquinimod and offer a perspective on how its clinical activity might be leveraged in combination with other drugs that target the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res; 73(4); 1386–99. ©2012 AACR.
Definition of Molecular Determinants of Prostate Cancer Cell Bone Extravasation
Authors: Barthel Steven R. , Hays Danielle L. , Yazawa Erika M. , Opperman Matthew , Walley Kempland C. , Nimrichter Leonardo , Burdick Monica M. , Gillard Bryan M. , Moser Michael T. , Pantel Klaus , Foster Barbara A. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Dimitroff Charles J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer commonly metastasizes to bone, but transit of malignant cells across the bone marrow endothelium (BMEC) remains a poorly understood step in metastasis. Prostate cancer cells roll on E-selectin+ BMEC through E-selectin ligand-binding interactions under shear flow, and prostate cancer cells exhibit firm adhesion to BMEC via β1, β4, and αVβ3 integrins in static assays. However, whether these discrete prostate cancer cell–BMEC adhesive contacts culminate in cooperative, step-wise transendothelial migration into bone is not known. Here, we describe how metastatic prostate cancer cells breach BMEC monolayers in a step-wise fashion under physiologic hemodynamic flow. Prostate cancer cells tethered and rolled on BMEC and then firmly adhered to and traversed BMEC via sequential dependence on E-selectin ligands and β1 and αVβ3 integrins. Expression analysis in human metastatic prostate cancer tissue revealed that β1 was markedly upregulated compared with expression of other β subunits. Prostate cancer cell breaching was regulated by Rac1 and Rap1 GTPases and, notably, did not require exogenous chemokines as β1, αVβ3, Rac1, and Rap1 were constitutively active. In homing studies, prostate cancer cell trafficking to murine femurs was dependent on E-selectin ligand, β1 integrin, and Rac1. Moreover, eliminating E-selectin ligand-synthesizing α1,3 fucosyltransferases in transgenic adenoma of mouse prostate mice dramatically reduced prostate cancer incidence. These results unify the requirement for E-selectin ligands, α1,3 fucosyltransferases, β1 and αVβ3 integrins, and Rac/Rap1 GTPases in mediating prostate cancer cell homing and entry into bone and offer new insight into the role of α1,3 fucosylation in prostate cancer development. Cancer Res; 73(2); 942–52. ©2012 AACR.