bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2014 Another Critical Year for Air‐Quality Regulations
Authors: McGuffey Carroll “Mack” W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn the world of air‐quality regulations, each year seems more eventful than the last, and 2013 was no exception. From the many proposed and finalized regulations (and reconsiderations of new regulations) to several critical court decisions, 2013 was yet another transformative and controversial year. The year 2014 promises to be equally remarkable. In 2014, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will continue to be in active rulemaking mode, and the US Supreme Court will hear two high‐profile Clear Air Act cases.
Regulatory Economics: Cybersecurity—Who Cares? Threat and Apathy Worldwide, Outlook Uncertain
Authors: Barclay Richard A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAmerican Blackout debuted in October on the National Geographic Channel. It is a pseudo‐documentary that chronicles the 10‐day aftermath of a cyber attack that brings down the nation's entire electricity grid. Experts contend that no cyber attack could bring down the entire national grid, but the program is a gentle reminder that electricity is essential to our basic way of life. The 2003 blackout reminds us multistate disruptions of the grid are not very hard to imagine. Thus, it is critical that our electricity generation and supply system is protected from crippling attacks—attacks of a magnitude beyond the ones in Arkansas that knocked out power to a mere 10,000 people over several days.
Standardizing Analysis of Circulating MicroRNA: Clinical and Biological Relevance
Authors: Farina Nicholas H. , Wood Marie E. , Perrapato Scott D. , Francklyn Christopher S. , Stein Gary S. , Stein Janet L. , Lian Jane B. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTCirculating microRNAs (c‐miRNAs) provide a new dimension as clinical biomarkers for disease diagnosis, progression, and response to treatment. However, the discovery of individual miRNAs from biofluids that reliably reflect disease states is in its infancy. The highly variable nature of published studies exemplifies a need to standardize the analysis of miRNA in circulation. Here, we show that differential sample handling of serum leads to inconsistent and incomparable results. We present a standardized method of RNA isolation from serum that eliminates multiple freeze/thaw cycles, provides at least three normalization mechanisms, and can be utilized in studies that compare both archived and prospectively collected samples. It is anticipated that serum processed as described here can be profiled, either globally or on a gene by gene basis, for c‐miRNAs and other non‐coding RNA in the circulation to reveal novel, clinically relevant epigenetic signatures for a wide range of diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 805–811, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile Synthesis of β‐Diketone Alcohols for Combined Functionality: Initiation, Catalysis, and Luminescence
Authors: Zhang Xuepeng , Cui Minxin , Zhou Rui , Chen Changle , Zhang Guoqing 
Published: December 2013

Primary alcohol‐functionalized β‐diketones (bdks) are successfully synthesized via facile one‐step Claisen condensation between aromatic monoketones and ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL). To demonstrate application potentials, these bdk alcohols are used to chelate with various Lewis acids, including Tb (III), Eu (III), and B (III). It is discovered that the resulting Tb (III) and Eu (III) diketonate complexes can serve as both catalysts and initiators for ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) under solvent‐free conditions, using lactide monomer as an example. The polylactides (PLAs) thus obtained exhibit luminescence properties characteristic of Tb (III) and Eu (III), respectively. On the other hand, boron‐chelated diketone can initiate ROP of lactide in the presence of Sn(oct)2, and affords a PLA material with dual‐emission, i.e., fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence. The synthesis described here represents a shortcut for the preparation of bdk‐based macroligands and subsequent functional materials.
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A “Sense of Place” in Public Participation in Scientific Research
Authors: HAYWOOD BENJAMIN K. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPublic participation in scientific research (PPSR) within the natural sciences has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to expand cognitive knowledge and understanding of ecology, with implications regarding individual perspectives, attitudes, and behaviors about the environment and feelings about the personal relevance of science. Yet the development of PPSR outcomes, the processes through which they form, and the settings where they are shaped are still not fully understood. Because most PPSR takes place and is grounded in specific sites and socioecological contexts, the relationships among PPSR participants and the places in which they explore, collect, and gather information are central to the PPSR experience. Nonetheless, a dearth of empirical research on the interactions between people and places in PPSR highlights a promising area of future scholarship. Drawing from theoretical traditions within geography and environmental psychology, this article contends that PPSR experiences and outcomes both influence and are influenced by a “sense of place.” Highlighting the significance of people–place relationships in PPSR via a place‐based window, this article calls for efforts that bridge multiple academic communities to open innovative avenues for understanding natural science PPSR experiences, the cognitive, conative, and affective outcomes of such encounters, and the dynamics of human–environment interactions.
Megakaryocytes Contribute to the Bone Marrow-Matrix Environment by Expressing Fibronectin, Type IV Collagen, and Laminin
Authors: Malara Alessandro , Currao Manuela , Gruppi Cristian , Celesti Giuseppe , Viarengo Gianluca , Buracchi Chiara , Laghi Luigi , Kaplan David L. , Balduini Alessandra 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMegakaryocytes associate with the bone marrow vasculature where they convert their cytoplasm into proplatelets that protrude through the vascular endothelium into the lumen and release platelets. The extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating these processes. In this work we demonstrate that, among bone marrow ECM components, fibronectin, type IV collagen, and laminin are the most abundant around bone marrow sinusoids and constitute a pericellular matrix surrounding megakaryocytes. Most importantly, we report, for the first time, that megakaryocytes express components of the basement membrane and that these molecules contribute to the regulation of megakaryocyte development and bone marrow ECM homeostasis both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, fibronectin induced a threefold increase in the proliferation rate of mouse hematopoietic stem cells leading to higher megakaryocyte output with respect to cells treated only with thrombopoietin or other matrices. However, megakaryocyte ploidy level in fibronectin-treated cultures was significantly reduced. Stimulation with type IV collagen resulted in a 1.4-fold increase in megakaryocyte output, while all tested matrices supported proplatelet formation to a similar extent in megakaryocytes derived from fetal liver progenitor cells. In vivo, megakaryocyte expression of fibronectin and basement membrane components was upregulated during bone marrow reconstitution upon 5-fluorouracil induced myelosuppression, while only type IV collagen resulted upregulated upon induced thrombocytopenia. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that ECM components impact megakaryocyte behavior differently during their differentiation and highlights a new role for megakaryocyte as ECM-producing cells for the establishment of cell niches during bone marrow regeneration. Stem Cells 2014;32:926–937
Cell wall structure suitable for surface display of proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Matsuoka Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Kazuya , Saijo Aki , Takada Yuki , Kondo Akihiko , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Ooshima Hiroshi , Tachibana Taro , Azuma Masayuki 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA display system for adding new protein functions to the cell surfaces of microorganisms has been developed, and applications of the system to various fields have been proposed. With the aim of constructing a cell surface environment suitable for protein display in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cell surface structures of cell wall mutants were investigated. Four cell wall mutant strains were selected by analyses using a GFP display system via a GPI anchor. β‐Glucosidase and endoglucanase II were displayed on the cell surface in the four mutants, and their activities were evaluated. mnn2 deletion strain exhibited the highest activity for both the enzymes. In particular, endoglucanase II activity using carboxymethylcellulose as a substrate in the mutant strain was 1.9‐fold higher than that of the wild‐type strain. In addition, the activity of endoglucanase II released from the mnn2 deletion strain by Zymolyase 20T treatment was higher than that from the wild‐type strain. The results of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and endoglucanase displays suggest that the amounts of enzyme displayed on the cell surface were increased by the mnn2 deletion. The enzyme activity of the mnn2 deletion strain was compared with that of the wild‐type strain. The relative value (mnn2 deletion mutant/wild‐type strain) of endoglucanase II activity using carboxymethylcellulose as a substrate was higher than that of β‐glucosidase activity using p‐nitrophenyl‐β‐glucopyranoside as a substrate, suggesting that the cell surface environment of the mnn2 deletion strain facilitates the binding of high‐molecular‐weight substrates to the active sites of the displayed enzymes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Establishment, Characterization and Comparison of Seven Authentic Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines Retaining Clinical Features of the Original Tumors
Authors: Onoda Naoyoshi , Nakamura Masanori , Aomatsu Naoki , Noda Satoru , Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Hirakawa Kosei 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundAnaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is thought to often be transformed from pre‐existing differentiated thyroid cancer. It is one of the most aggressive malignancies and has a dismal prognosis due to its resistance to multimodal therapies. Basic exploratory studies using authentic ATC cell lines that retain its clinical features are necessary. We investigated the characteristics of seven ATC cell lines newly established at our institute to confirm their possible utility for basic studies.MethodsSeven distinct cell lines from six patients were established. Their molecular characteristics and sensitivities to cytotoxic anti‐cancer drugs were investigated and compared with each other, and with the clinical features of the original tumors.ResultsAll cells showed extensive chromosomal abnormality and Pax8 expression, indicating human thyroid follicular cell origin. Vascular endothelial growth factor was secreted from all cells, suggesting possible candidacy for targeted therapy. Vimentin was expressed, but E‐cadherin expression was lost in all cells but OCUT‐1C, which showed different features from those of OCUT‐1F derived from the same tumor, suggesting a mixture of cancer cell clones with various degrees of differentiation within a single ATC tumor. Cells were likely to show sensitivity for taxanes, indicating the usefulness of taxanes as the first‐line chemotherapy. OCUT‐2, a cell line with both B‐Raf and PI3 KCA mutation, demonstrated the importance of molecular target‐oriented therapy.ConclusionsBasic studies using authentic ATC cell lines retaining the clinical features of the original tumor are useful models for investigating the mechanism of anaplastic transformation and exploring novel therapeutic strategies.
Monogene kardiale Ionenkanalerkrankungen
Authors: Zumhagen S. , Friedrich C. , Stallmeyer B. , Ising J. , Seebohm G. , Schulze-Bahr E. 
Published: December 2013

Zusammenfassung
Genetisch bedingte (monogene) Herzerkrankungen bedürfen einer sorgsamen klinischen, genetischen und familiären Diagnostik, da die Erkrankungen mit einem hohen kardiovaskulären Risiko in jungen Jahren assoziiert sein können.
Es handelt sich zumeist um Erkrankungen durch Ionenkanalgenmutationen, die genetisch heterogen und von einer unterschiedlichen Sensitivität in der Mutationsdetektion (pro Erkrankung oder Ionenkanalgen) gekennzeichnet sind. In Analogie zu anderen Ionenkanalerkrankungen besteht oft ein episodisches Auftreten von Symptomen, das durch Trigger (meist erhöhte Herzfrequenz bei körperlicher und/oder physischer Belastung) gefördert werden kann.
Bei diesen relativ seltenen Erkrankungen ist eine frühzeitige Diagnostik und interdisziplinäre Betreuung durch Kardiologen, Kinderkardiologen und Humangenetikern (und ggf. Psychologen) sinnvoll. Mittlerweile existieren erste internationale Empfehlungen, wann eine Genotypisierung aus diagnostischer, therapeutischer oder prognostischer Sicht durchzuführen ist.
Factors associated with symptom-specific psychological and functional impact among acoustic neuroma patients
Authors: Brooker J E , Fletcher J M , Dally M J , Briggs R J S , Cousins V C , Malham G M , Kennedy R J , Smee R I , Burney S 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIntroduction:The main purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological and functional impact attributed to acoustic neuroma symptoms.Materials and methods:A sample of 207 acoustic neuroma patients completed a study-specific questionnaire about the severity, frequency, and psychological and functional impact of 9 acoustic neuroma symptoms.Results:The survey response rate was 56.4 per cent. All symptoms had some degree of psychological impact for the majority of participants; hearing loss was the symptom most often reported to have a severe psychological impact. The majority of respondents reported functional impact attributed to hearing loss, balance disturbance, dizziness, eye problems, headache and fatigue; balance disturbance was the symptom most often reported to have a severe functional impact. For most symptoms, psychological and functional impact were related to severity and frequency.Conclusion:Of the acoustic neuroma symptoms investigated, hearing loss and balance disturbance were the most likely to have a severe psychological and functional impact, respectively.
“Forgetting to Remember” in Huntington's Disease: A Study of Laboratory, Semi-Naturalistic, and Self-Perceptions of Prospective Memory
Authors: Nicoll Diane R. , Pirogovsky Eva , Woods Steven Paul , Holden Heather M. , Filoteo J. Vincent , Gluhm Shea , Corey-Bloom Jody , Gilbert Paul E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractProspective memory (PM) is dependent on executive processes known to be impaired in Huntington's disease (HD); however, no study to the authors’ knowledge has investigated PM in this group. We examined performance-based, semi-naturalistic, and self-reported PM in 20 individuals diagnosed with mild–moderate HD and 20 demographically similar controls. Relative to controls, HD participants demonstrated significantly lower scores in time-based PM, event-based PM (at a trend level), and the semi-naturalistic PM trial, all of which were marked by omission errors. HD participants demonstrated comparable recognition memory for the PM intentions relative to controls. HD and control participants also showed comparable scores in self-reported PM complaints. The results suggest that HD is associated with deficits in the strategic aspects of PM. HD-associated PM deficits also are evident in real-world situations, which may relate to an apparent meta-memory deficit for PM functioning as indicated by HD participants’ overestimation of their PM performance on self-report. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–8)
Cystatin SN neutralizes the inhibitory effect of cystatin C on cathepsin B activity
Authors: Kim J-T , Lee S-J , Kang M A , Park J E , Kim B-Y , Yoon D-Y , Yang Y , Lee C-H , Yeom Y I , Choe Y-K , Lee H G 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCystatin SN (CST1) is one of the several salivary cystatins that form tight equimolar complexes with cysteine proteases, such as the cathepsins. High expression of CST1 is correlated with advanced pTNM stage in gastric cancer. However, the functional role of CST1 in tumorigenesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we showed that CST1 was highly expressed in colon tumor tissues, compared with nontumor regions. Increased cell proliferation and invasiveness were observed in HCT116 cell lines stably transfected with CST1 cDNA (HCT116-CST1) but not in CST3-transfected cells. We also demonstrated that CST1-overexpressing cell lines exhibited increased tumor growth as well as metastasis in a xenograft nude mouse model. Interestingly, CST1 interacted with cystatin C (CST3), a potent cathepsin B (CTSB) inhibitor, with a higher affinity than the interaction between CST3 and CTSB in the extracellular space of HCT116 cells. CTSB-mediated cellular invasiveness and proteolytic activities were strongly inhibited by CST3, but in the presence of CST1 CTSB activities recovered significantly. Furthermore, domain mapping of CST1 showed that the disulfide-bonded conformation, or conserved folding, of CST1 is important for its secretion and for the neutralization of CST3 activity. These results suggest that CST1 upregulation might be involved in colorectal tumorigenesis and acts by neutralizing the inhibition of CTSB proteolytic activity by CST3.
Structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre determined by serial femtosecond crystallography
Authors: Johansson Linda C. , Arnlund David , Katona Gergely , White Thomas A. , Barty Anton , DePonte Daniel P. , Shoeman Robert L. , Wickstrand Cecilia , Sharma Amit , Williams Garth J. , Aquila Andrew , Bogan Michael J. , Caleman Carl , Davidsson Jan , Doak R Bruce , Frank Matthias , Fromme Raimund , Galli Lorenzo , Grotjohann Ingo , Hunter Mark S. , Kassemeyer Stephan , Kirian Richard A. , Kupitz Christopher , Liang Mengning , Lomb Lukas , Malmerberg Erik , Martin Andrew V. , Messerschmidt Marc , Nass Karol , Redecke Lars , Seibert M Marvin , Sjöhamn Jennie , Steinbrener Jan , Stellato Francesco , Wang Dingjie , Wahlgren Weixaio Y. , Weierstall Uwe , Westenhoff Sebastian , Zatsepin Nadia A. , Boutet Sébastien , Spence John C.H. , Schlichting Ilme , Chapman Henry N. , Fromme Petra , Neutze Richard 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSerial femtosecond crystallography is an X-ray free-electron-laser-based method with considerable potential to have an impact on challenging problems in structural biology. Here we present X-ray diffraction data recorded from microcrystals of the Blastochloris viridis photosynthetic reaction centre to 2.8 Å resolution and determine its serial femtosecond crystallography structure to 3.5 Å resolution. Although every microcrystal is exposed to a dose of 33 MGy, no signs of X-ray-induced radiation damage are visible in this integral membrane protein structure.
Forest cutting and impacts on carbon in the eastern United States
Authors: Zhou Decheng , Liu Shuguang , Oeding Jennifer , Zhao Shuqing 
Published: December 2013

AbstractForest cutting is a major anthropogenic disturbance that affects forest carbon (C) storage and fluxes. Yet its characteristics and impacts on C cycling are poorly understood over large areas. Using recent annualized forest inventory data, we estimated cutting-related loss of live biomass in the eastern United States was 168 Tg C yr−1from 2002 to 2010 (with C loss per unit forest area of 1.07 Mg ha−1yr−1), which is equivalent to 70% of the total U.S. forest C sink or 11% of the national annual CO2emissions from fossil-fuel combustion over the same period. We further revealed that specific cutting-related C loss varied with cutting intensities, forest types, stand ages and geographic locations. Our results provide new insights to the characteristics of forest harvesting activities in the eastern United States and highlight the significance of partial cutting to regional and national carbon budgets.
Resolvin E1 promotes resolution of inflammation in a mouse model of an acute exacerbation of allergic asthma
Authors: Flesher Rylie P. , Herbert Cristan , Kumar Rakesh K. 
Published: December 2013

Endogenous mediators, such as RvE1 (resolvin E1), promote resolution of an inflammatory response and have potential as novel therapeutic agents. In the present study, we investigated the activity of RvE1 in a model of an acute exacerbation of chronic allergic asthma in mice. Animals sensitized to OVA (ovalbumin) received controlled low-level challenge with aerosolized antigen for 4 weeks, followed by a single moderate-level challenge to simulate an allergen-induced exacerbation of asthmatic inflammation. Induction of an exacerbation was associated with rapid recruitment of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils, together with increased levels of Th2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. When administered before the final moderate-level challenge, RvE1 had only a modest effect on airway inflammation. To assess its effects when administered after induction of an exacerbation, we first characterized the cellular and molecular events associated with spontaneous resolution of airway inflammation over the following 96 h. Subsequently, we showed that administration of RvE1 at 2 and 8 h after the final challenge accelerated this process significantly. Specifically, RvE1 promoted a decline in the number of inflammatory cells, concentration of cytokines in lavage fluid and expression of mRNA for cytokines by macrophages, confirming its pro-resolution activity. In vitro, RvE1 had no apparent effect on lymphocytes, but suppressed significantly cytokine production by pulmonary macrophages, with evidence of down-regulation of the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) p65 in these cells. The present study provides novel evidence that RvE1 can facilitate resolution of airway inflammation in a clinically relevant model of an acute exacerbation of asthma, possibly via its effects on activated pulmonary macrophages.
A randomised controlled trial of an active telephone‐based recruitment strategy to increase childcare‐service staff attendance at a physical activity and nutrition training workshop
Authors: Yoong Sze Lin , Wolfenden Luke , Finch Meghan , Williams Amanda , Dodds Pennie , Gillham Karen , Wyse Rebecca 
Published: December 2013

Issue addressedCentre‐based childcare services represent a promising setting to target the prevention of excessive weight gain in preschool‐aged children. Staff training is a key component of multi‐strategy interventions to improve implementation of effective physical activity and nutrition promoting practices for obesity prevention in childcare services. This randomised controlled trial aimed to examine whether an active telephone‐based strategy to invite childcare‐service staff to attend a training workshop was effective in increasing the proportion of services with staff attending training, compared with a passive strategy.MethodsServices were randomised to an active telephone‐based or a passive‐recruitment strategy. Those in the active arm received an email invitation and one to three follow‐up phone calls, whereas services in the passive arm were informed of the availability of training only via newsletters. The proportion of services with staff attending the training workshop was compared between the two arms.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐eight services were included in this study. A significantly larger proportion (52%) of services in the active arm compared with those in the passive‐strategy arm (3.1%) attended training (d.f. = 1, c2 = 34.3; P < 0.001).ConclusionsAn active, telephone‐based recruitment strategy significantly increased the proportion of childcare services with staff attending training. Further strategies to improve staff attendance at training need to be identified and implemented.So what?Active‐recruitment strategies including follow‐up telephone calls should be utilised to invite staff to participate in training, in order to maximise the use of training as an implementation strategy for obesity prevention in childcare services.