bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine conservation of multispecies and multi-use areas with various conservation objectives and targets
Authors: Schmiing Mara , Diogo Hugo , Serrão Santos Ricardo , Afonso Pedro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMarine spatial management is an important step in regulating the sustainable use of marine resources and preserving habitats and species. The systematic conservation planning software “Marxan” was used to analyse the effect of different conservation objectives and targets on the design of a network of marine protected areas around two islands of the Azores archipelago, Northeast Atlantic. The analyses integrated spatial patterns of the abundance and reproductive potential of multispecies, the vulnerability of fish to fishing, habitat type, algae biotopes, and socio-economic costs and benefits (including fishing effort and recreational activities). Three scenarios focused on fisheries-related objectives (“fisheries scenarios”, FSs) and three on multiple-use and biodiversity conservation objectives (“biodiversity scenarios”, BSs), respectively. Three different protection targets were compared for each set, the existing, minimum, and maximum levels of protection, whereas conservation features were weighted according to their biologically/ecologically functioning. Results provided contrasting solutions for site selection and identified potential gaps in the existing design. The influence of the conservation objective on site selection was most evident when minimum target levels were applied. Otherwise, solutions for FSs and BSs were very similar and mostly shaped by the protection level. More important, BSs that considered opportunity cost and benefits achieved conservation targets more cost-efficiently. The presented systematic approach ensures that targets for habitats with high fish abundance, fecundity, and vulnerability are achieved efficiently. It should be of high applicability for adaptive management processes to improve the effectiveness of existing spatial management practices, in particular when fishing and leisure activities coexist, and suggest that decision-makers should account for multiple users’ costs and benefits when designing and implementing marine reserve networks.
Two-staged Correction of Severe Congenital Scoliosis Associated With Intraspinal Abnormalities
Authors: Zhang Zhenxing , Hui Hua , Liu Tuanjiang , Zhang Zhenping , Hao Dingjun 
Published: October 2014

Study Design:
A retrospective study.

Objective:
To analyze the efficacy and safety of perioperative halo-gravity traction as an adjunct to posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) in the treatment of patients with severe congenital scoliosis and coexisting asymptomatic intraspinal pathologies (diastematomyelia and/or tethered cord).

Summary of Background Data:
Few reports to our knowledge review the use of perioperative halo-gravity traction and PVCR in this patient population.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 17 patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up who underwent PVCR using perioperative halo-gravity traction were analyzed. Patients were analyzed by age at date of examination (range, 11–23 y; mean, 14.4 y), sex (7 male, 10 female), major coronal curve magnitude (range, 108–149 degrees; average, 125 degrees), major sagittal curve magnitude (range, 72–118 degrees; average, 91 degrees). Complications related to halo traction and PVCR were reviewed.

Results:
Radiographic outcomes demonstrated Cobb angle of major curve had an average correction of 28% after halo traction and it measured 53 degrees (range, 42–84 degrees) at the last follow-up, for a 58% correction. Maximal kyphosis improved to 58 degrees (range, 43–76 degrees) at ultimate follow-up. There were no permanent neurological deficits in this series.

Conclusions:
The study results suggested that surgical treatment for intraspinal abnormality may be unnecessary in asymptomatic patients with severe congenital scoliosis who are undergoing scoliosis corrective surgery. PVCR combined with perioperative traction is a safe and effective alternative for such patients.
Reasons of Dysphagia After Operation of Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Wu Bing , Song Fei , Zhu Shourong 
Published: October 2014

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Objective:
To analyze the reasons, clinical manifestation, risk factors, prevention, and treatment of dysphagia after operation of anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data:
Dysphagia is one of severe complications after ACDF. There were a few studies about reasons and prevention of dysphagia.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of patients who underwent ACDF in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2012. Clinical symptom of dysphagia was recorded at the perioperative period and at the third and sixth month of the follow-up after surgery and assigned according to the Bazaz dysphagia score. We analyzed the reasons and risk factors leading to dysphagia and tried to find effective programs of prevention and treatment.

Results:
There were 358 patients who underwent ACDF. Of 358 patients, 39 patients including 14 men and 25 women complained of dysphagia. The mean age was 46.8 years, with an age range of 38–67 years. Clinical manifestation of dysphagia included difficulty to swallow, pain during swallowing, sticky throat feeling, and choking. All the patients were followed up over 6 months. The incidences of dysphagia were 10.9%, 6.4%, and 2.7%, respectively, at 1–5 days, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. There was no severe dysphagia at 3 months after surgery. Mild or moderate dysphagia slightly affected the quality of life. Logistic regression showed multilevel cervical spine, and high-level cervical spine surgeries are high-risk factors for postoperative dysphagia.

Conclusions:
Dysphagia is a common complication of ACDF. Causes of dysphagia include multilevel cervical spine and upper cervical spine surgeries. Use of methylprednisolone and careful operation can reduce the incidence and result in good prognosis.
Perioperative Outcomes After Cervical Laminoplasty Versus Posterior Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Varthi Arya G. , Basques Bryce A. , Bohl Daniel D. , Golinvaux Nicholas S. , Grauer Jonathan N. 
Published: October 2014

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
To compare the short-term outcomes for patients undergoing cervical laminoplasty versus posterior decompression and fusion for multilevel cervical pathology.

Summary of Background Data:
There are conflicting data regarding the merits of cervical laminoplasty and posterior decompression and fusion for the treatment of multilevel cervical pathology.

Methods:
Patients who underwent cervical laminoplasty or posterior decompression and fusion were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2010 to 2012. Baseline patient characteristics were compared using bivariate logistic regression. Propensity-adjusted multivariate regressions were performed to assess differences in postoperative length of stay, adverse events, and 30-day readmission.

Results:
A total of 779 patients were included in this study: 437 (56.1%) underwent cervical decompression and fusion and 342 (43.9%) underwent cervical laminoplasty. Decompression and fusion patients were found to be more comorbid at baseline than laminoplasty patients based on increased American Society of Anesthesiologists scores and Charlson Comorbidity Index.
Propensity-adjusted multivariate analysis was used to control for differences in baseline patient characteristics, and found that compared with laminoplasty patients, decompression and fusion patients had increased length of stay (+1.2 d, P<0.001), greater rates of any adverse event (OR=1.7, P=0.018), and were more likely to be readmitted (OR=2.3, P=0.028).

Conclusions:
Posterior cervical decompression and fusion patients were found to have moderately worse short-term outcomes than laminoplasty patients. The information provided here can be used to inform patients and surgeons about the likely perioperative experience after they have made the decision to pursue 1 of these 2 procedures.
The Long-term Outcome of Early Spine Fusion for Scoliosis in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Sitoula Prakash , Holmes Laurens , Sees Julieanne , Rogers Kenneth , Dabney Kirk , Miller Freeman 
Published: October 2014

Study Design:
Retrospective review of radiographs and charts (case-only).

Objective:
The aim of this study was to describe the long-term outcomes of spine fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis in children below 10 years of age with cerebral palsy (CP).

Summary of Background Data:
Severely involved children with CP may develop early-onset scoliosis. The outcome of spine fusion is not clear and there are no studies focused on spine fusion in this young patient population.

Methods:
This is a retrospective review of 33 children who underwent spine fusion with unit-rod instrumentation between 1989 and 2006 for CP neuromuscular scoliosis, aged below 10 years at spine fusion, and with follow-up >5 years. Demographic, medical, and radiographic data were retrospectively assessed. Repeated measure analysis of variance and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were used for data assessment.

Results:
Thirty-three of 42 patients who underwent spine fusion in this period, 19 boys and 14 girls, met the inclusion criteria. Of 9 patients who were excluded, 3 were lost to follow-up and remaining 6 died within 5 years of surgery. Mean age at surgery was 8.3 years (range, 4.4–9.9 y). Mean follow-up was 9.8 years (range, 5.5–15.8 y). Gross motor function classification system level was V in 31 patients and IV in 2 patients. Thirty-one patients (94%) had seizure disorder, 29 patients (88%) had gastric feeding tubes, and 9 patients (27%) had tracheostomy tubes. Eighty-five percent of the patients had posterior-only surgery. Mean Cobb angles preoperative, immediately postoperative, and at final follow-up were 85, 21, and 24 degrees, respectively. Mean postoperative pelvic obliquity correction was 15±9 degrees (P<0.001). At final follow-up, there was no significant change from the postoperative measurements. Complications included 1 deep wound infection and 10 other problems. Eleven patients (28.2%) died after a mean follow-up of 5.6±3.8 years.

Conclusions:
In our cohort with early-onset neuromuscular scoliosis, spine fusion was associated with minimal short-term and long-term morbidity, but there was 28% mortality at 10 years of follow-up and 50% predicted mortality at 15 years.
Social evolution and genetic interactions in the short and long term
Authors: Van Cleve Jeremy 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe evolution of social traits remains one of the most fascinating and feisty topics in evolutionary bi-ology even after half a century of theoretical research. W. D. Hamilton shaped much of the field initially with his 1964 papers that laid out the foundation for understanding the effect of genetic relatedness on the evolution of social behavior. Early theoretical investigations revealed two critical assumptions required for Hamilton’s rule to hold in dynamical models: weak selection and additive genetic interactions. However, only recently have analytical approaches from population genetics and evolutionary game theory developed sufficiently so that social evolution can be studied under the joint action of selection, mutation, and genetic drift. We review how these approaches suggest two timescales for evolution under weak mutation: (i) a short-term timescale where evolution occurs between a finite set of alleles, and (ii) a long-term timescale where a continuum of alleles are possible and populations evolve continuously from one monomorphic trait to another. We show how Hamilton’s rule emerges from the short-term analysis under additivity and how non-additive genetic interactions can be accounted for more generally. This short-term approach re-produces, synthesizes, and generalizes many previous results including the one-third law from evolutionary game theory and risk dominance from economic game theory. Using the long-term approach, we illustrate how trait evolution can be described with a diffusion equation that is a stochastic analogue of the canonical equation of adaptive dynamics. Peaks in the stationary distribution of the diffusion capture classic notions of convergence stability from evolutionary game theory and generally depend on the additive genetic in-teractions inherent in Hamilton’s rule. Surprisingly, the peaks of the long-term stationary distribution can predict the effects of simple kinds of non-additive interactions. Additionally, the peaks capture both weak and strong effects of social payoffs in a manner difficult to replicate with the short-term approach. Together, the results from the short and long-term approaches suggest both how Hamilton’s insight may be robust in unexpected ways and how current analytical approaches can expand our understanding of social evolution far beyond Hamilton’s original work.
Psychopathology in severely obese women from a Canadian bariatric setting
Authors: Strimas Rachel , M. Dionne Michelle , E. Cassin Stephanie , Wnuk Susan , Taube-Schiff Marlene , Sockalingam Sanjeev 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– Evidence suggests high rates of psychiatric disorders in bariatric surgery candidates (e.g. Mitchell et al., 2012), although no rigorous studies have examined the prevalence in a Canadian sample. Improved understanding of the prevalence of psychopathology among female patients is an important area of study, as females comprise approximately 80 percent of surgical candidates (Martin et al., 2010; Padwal, 2005). The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence of Axis I disorders and associations with quality of life in a Canadian sample of female bariatric surgery candidates.

Design/methodology/approach
– Female patients (n=257) were assessed using a structured psychodiagnostic interview and completed a health-related quality of life questionnaire.

Findings
– Results indicated that 57.2 percent of patients met DSM-IV-TR criteria for a lifetime psychiatric disorder and 18.3 percent met criteria for a current psychiatric disorder. Major depressive disorder was the most common lifetime psychiatric disorder (35.0 percent) and binge eating disorder was the most prevalent current psychiatric disorder (6.6 percent). Patients scored significantly lower than Canadian population norms on all domains of the SF-36 (all p's<0.001). Patients with a current Axis I disorder also reported significantly worse functioning on four mental health domains and one physical health domain (p's<0.01) compared to patients without a current Axis I disorder.

Originality/value
– Results confirm high rates of psychiatric disorders in Canadian female bariatric surgery candidates and provide evidence for associated functional health impairment. Further study is needed to elucidate how pre-operative psychopathology may impact female patients’ post-operative outcomes.
The impact of education on weight control beliefs
Authors: M. Laliberte Michele , Balk Daniel , Tweed Stacey , Smith Jessica , Ghai Amrita 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether reading a self-help chapter on the body's regulation of weight can change weight control beliefs, and whether such changes in turn predict improvements in body dissatisfaction and self-esteem.

Design/methodology/approach
– Participants of a mixed racial sample of undergraduate college women (n=154) completed measures of personal weight control beliefs, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem and knowledge before and after they read a self-help education chapter.

Findings
– Exposure to the education was associated with improvement in knowledge, body dissatisfaction and self-esteem and change in weight control beliefs. Increase in the belief in “striving for a healthy lifestyle with acceptance of one's natural weight” predicted improvement in body dissatisfaction and self-esteem.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper provides preliminary evidence that realistic information about weight control can impact weight control beliefs, and that this in turn is associated with improvement in body satisfaction and self-esteem. The major limitation of the study is the lack of control group to ensure changes are not due to factors like social desirability. Future directions would be to replicate this research using a control group, and to look at the role of education and weight control beliefs in eating disordered and bariatric populations.

Originality/value
– This is the first study to look at the impact of providing young women with realistic information about the body's regulation of weight and weight loss outcomes on their beliefs about weight control, body dissatisfaction and self-esteem. This information is valuable for health care providers and educators working with young women.
Body image concerns in obese women seeking bariatric surgery
Authors: Ghai Amrita , Milosevic Irena , Laliberte Michele , H. Taylor Valerie , E. McCabe Randi 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to assess multidimensional body image concerns in a sample of obese women seeking bariatric surgery at an outpatient hospital clinic in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Design/methodology/approach
– A sample of obese adult women seeking bariatric surgery at an outpatient medical clinic in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (n=148) completed various self-report measures of body image concerns, including body image dysphoria, body image quality of life, body image investment, and appearance satisfaction. Participant scores were compared to normative data. Correlations between body image concern measures and body mass index (BMI) were examined.

Findings
– Participants endorsed more body image dysphoria, more negative body image quality of life, and less appearance satisfaction than normative samples. BMI was not correlated with body image concern scores.

Practical implications
– Interventions aimed at reducing body image disturbance in obese women should target multiple components of body image concern. Decisions about who should receive interventions should not be based on BMI status.

Originality/value
– The majority of research on body image concerns focuses exclusively on evaluative constructs such as body image dissatisfaction. The current study examined affective, cognitive, and behavioural body image constructs. A better understanding of the multidimensional nature of body image concerns in obese women seeking bariatric surgery informs the development of effective, targeted interventions.
Knowledge sharing: insights from Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) Festival volunteers
Authors: Ragsdell Gillian , Jepson Allan 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a British Academy funded project that investigated the knowledge sharing activities of volunteers within three Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) festivals.

Design/methodology/approach
– Three case study festivals were selected based on factors such as longevity and size. Rich qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews with volunteers in key festival roles and focus groups with a range of other volunteers.

Findings
– A range of inhibitors and enablers to sharing festival knowledge were identified, some of which have not yet featured in the knowledge management (KM) literature. Riege's categorisation of individual, organisational and technological barriers to knowledge sharing was used to frame discussion of the findings.

Research limitations/implications
– Volunteer-led festivals are a novel context for knowledge sharing research yet the principles of volunteer working and the project-based approach to most festivals means they are a fertile arena for lessons in KM.

Practical implications
– Insights into knowledge sharing activities were generated from this study which could improve KM practices in festivals. They included the use of the master-apprentice model, raising the value of post-project reviews and designing festival layout with knowledge sharing in mind.

Originality/value
– The study of knowledge sharing is an original contribution to the field of event management.
Emporda music festivals as tourism diversification tools
Authors: Diaz Soria Inmaculada , Blanco-Romero Asunción , Canoves I. Valiente Gemma 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to focus on territorial dynamics generated by five music festivals in the Emporda region (Spain) and its tourism sector.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using qualitative methodology, 10 qualified informants were interviewed. Their answers were coded and analysed.

Findings
– Territorial features favour the organisation of festivals. Promoters wish to offer some added value using local products. Festivals broadcast local identity to the world. Festivals’ features as tourist products explain how they are perceived as innovative.

Practical implications
– These existing products are being further developed to meet cultural tourism requirements. This strategy is justified by the search for innovation in a fiercely global competitive context.

Originality/value
– Current paper focuses on a present product and analyses its transformation: how a territory uses an old strategy in a new way generating future opportunities for tourism sector and local economies.
Factors explaining the use-value of sport event experiences
Authors: D. Andersson Tommy , Armbrecht John 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose and test a model explaining the value of event experiences.Design/methodology/approach– Three versions of the explanatory model are tested by regression analysis of data from a survey of 650 visitors to a sports event.Findings– The three model versions are significant and explain the value of event experiences with satisfactoryR2 values (0.29, 0.46 and 0.68) using the concepts “Extent of visit”, “Experience intensity” and “Expenditure”. The measures of event experiences (Use-Value, Direct Use-Value as well as Indirect Use-Value) meet requirements for reliability and validity.Originality/value– The paper reveals that explanatory models are basic but novel in a sports event context and provide a basis for further research. Furthermore, the definition of Indirect Use-Value has been clarified and adapted for higher relevance to destination managers focusing on event tourism.
Cross training efficiency and flexibility with process change
Authors: A. Nembhard David 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tradeoffs between efficiency and flexibility in production processes involve a cross-trained workforce. The study quantifies production losses that stem from worker learning and forgetting in a cross-training environment.Design/methodology/approach– The paper examines multiple levels of cross-training in the context of several workplace factors including absenteeism, turnover, process change frequency, and process change magnitude using discrete event simulation. The parameters of the simulation model are informed by data from a operating manufacturing system.Findings– Results suggest that productivity gains obtained from a moderate level of cross-training (e.g. two tasks) can outweigh the production losses from additional training, and that adding further cross-training beyond this may negatively affect system performance.Originality/value– Production systems exist in an environment of process change and competitive pressure. Cross-training is an often-used operational technology for managing process knowledge in an environment of change as well as providing employees with a richer work environment. While the potential benefits of enriching the workplace experience include greater motivation, less boredom and fatigue, greater task vigilance, and other effects generally regarded as beneficial, productivity losses brought about by training and retraining disruptions associated with cross-training have not been examined as widely.