bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of reproduction on immuno-suppression and oxidative damage, and hence support or otherwise for their roles as mechanisms underpinning life history trade-offs, are tissue and assay dependent
Authors: Yang Deng-Bao , Xu Yan-Chao , Wang De-Hua , Speakman John R. 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Life history parameters appear to be traded off against each other, but the physiological mechanisms involved remain unclear. One hypothesis is that potentially energetically costly processes such as immune function, and protection from oxidative stress, may be compromised during reproductive attempts because of selective resource allocation. Lower temperatures also impose energy costs, and hence allocation decisions might be more pronounced when animals are forced to reproduce in the cold. Here, we experimentally tested whether reproduction at different ambient temperatures was associated with elevated oxidative stress and suppressed immune function in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Using a variety of different markers for both immune function and oxidative stress we found that some measures of immune function (serum bactericidal capacity and size of the thymus) were significantly suppressed, while some measures of oxidative protection (serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity) were also reduced, and a marker of oxidative damage (protein carbonyls in serum) was increased, in lactating compared with non-reproductive gerbils. These changes were in line with the selective resource allocation predictions. However, the PHA response and serum total immunoglobulin (IgG) were not suppressed, and other markers of oxidative damage (malonaldehyde MDA (TBARS) and protein carbonyls in the liver) were actually lower in lactating compared with non-reproductive gerbils, consistent with increased levels of SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver. These latter changes were opposite the expectations based on resource allocation. Furthermore other measures of protection (GPx levels in the liver and protein thiols in both serum and liver) and damage (MDA (TBARS) in serum) were unrelated to reproductive status. Ambient temperature differences did not impact on these patterns. Collectively, our results indicated that the infra-red effects of reproduction on immunosuppression and oxidative damage, and hence support or otherwise for particular physiological mechanisms that underpin life history trade-offs, are critically dependent on the exact markers and tissues used. This may be because during reproduction individuals selectively allocate protection to some key tissues, but sacrifice protection of others.
Doświadczenia Grecji a argumenty za i przeciw przystąpieniu Polski do strefy euro
Authors: Bill Rafał 
Published: September 2013

The Greek experience and the arguments for and against Poland’s accession to the euro area
The article discusses the euro area and the influence of the Greek financial crisis on the Polish perspective on joining the Eurozone. The outbreak of the Greek crisis has dampened European Union new members’ initial enthusiasm for adopting the euro instead of their national currencies. Poland was one of the states intending to enter the euro area a couple of years after its accession to the EU. The global financial downturn has affected these plans and changed attitudes towards the European single currency. The examples of Sweden and Greece have demonstrated that an independent monetary policy can efficiently deal with an economic crisis. Therefore Poland’s path called “The road to the euro” has stalled.
Gaz z łupków – szansa czy zagrożenie?
Authors: Klepner Tomasz 
Published: September 2013

Shale gas – a chance or a threat?
The article discusses advantages and threats from the prospective of shale gas extraction in Poland. It lists conditions necessary for the creation of shale gas Eldorado. The author attempts to explain the main effects of shale gas extraction, refutes false assumptions and discusses controversy surrounding gas extraction. The article analyses how the process may influence Poland’s national security and geopolitical situation in Central Europe. The author concludes with a statement that the shale gas extraction might open up great opportunities for Poland and the European Union if the initial assessments of shale gas resources in Poland have been confirmed.
Współczesne mity polityczne
Authors: Włodarczyk Joanna 
Published: September 2013

Contemporary political myths. The Round Table myth and the Fourth Republic myth: myths of the creation of a new state
The concept of myth has been explored as a prelude to an analysis of the Round Table and the Fourth Republic of Poland, the political project which reached its peak in 2005-2007. Initially, the myths were designed to reduce the existential uncertainties and give meaning to human actions. Thus, in that sense, they were never false. This scheme has changed when political myth was born, which was purposely created in order to gain more power. The paper, by analyzing political speeches and some examples of election campaigns of 2005 and 2007, discusses the links between the irrational content of myth and the rational techniques used to spread it.
Non-traditional education using cultural heritage: A case study from Syria
Authors: Alkateb Maya 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article explores the issue of using culture and cultural heritage as themes in non-traditional education to foster teamwork attitudes and leadership, research and presentation skills, in addition to looking at ones’ environment with a critical eye and valuing culture as an asset. It presents an educational programme where youth from Syria documented oral heritage, explored their cultures with photography as a probing tool and participated in creating public displays of their heritages. In this article, I describe the educational programme, its rationale, the employed concept of culture, faced challenges and learned lessons. Feedback from participants and host communities is discussed and questions for further enquiry are raised, including on the applicability of such programme to promote cultural diversity, the long-term effects on participants, and ways to highlight the value of cultural heritage towards the communities that own it when its continuity is threatened.
Introduction to theatre at primary school: A short-term evaluation of a French experience
Authors: Leroux Jean-Yves , Moureau Nathalie 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study is to observe the impact that an introduction to theatre in schools has on a child’s subsequent theatre attendance. Insofar as it has been generally accepted that cultural consumption by children depends on the child’s family background, it may be possible to justify that governments should provide access to the Arts in schools for children of disadvantaged families. We conduct a study on a French programme called ‘Lectures en scènes’, whose purpose, among others, is to increase child theatre attendance. A statistical survey was distributed among 550 French pupils in the south of France between 2007 and 2009. One-fifth of the children changed their practise: they decided to take courses in theatre or to attend plays the year following the programme. Moreover, the effect is stronger for children belonging to high social classes, a paradox for a programme, which aims at reducing social inequalities. This result could lead the efforts of the government policies to be concentrated on disadvantaged districts.
L’objet de cet article est d’étudier quel impact l’introduction du théâtre à l’école a sur la fréquentation théâtrale ultérieure des enfants. Dans la mesure où il est généralement accepté que les consommations culturelles des enfants dépendent de leur contexte familial, nous posons ici l’hypothèse que l’introduction du théâtre à l’école favorise l’accès à la culture d’enfants venant de contextes défavorisés. Afin de vérifier cette hypothèse, nous avons mené une enquête à partir d’un programme français intitulé “Lectures en scènes”. L’enquête a été menée entre 2007 et 2009 dans le sud de la France auprès d’environ 550 enfants. Un cinquième des enfants ayant suivi le programme a décidé de suivre des cours de théâtre ou d’assister à des représentations au cours de l’année qui a suivi leur expérience. Il apparait toutefois que le changement a été plus marqué pour les enfants appartenant aux classes sociales favorisées, un paradoxe dans la mesure où un des objectifs du programme était de réduire les inégalités sociales. Ce résultat pourrait conduire à préconiser que les politiques d’éducation à la culture concentrent leurs efforts sur les zones géographiques défavorisées.
Becoming arts-based researchers: A journey through the experience of silence in the university classroom
Authors: Fendler Rachel , Onsès Judit , Hernández-Hernández Fernando 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This visual essay captures the changes that students experienced in the undergraduate class Arts-Based Research, an elective offered at the Fine Arts Faculty of the University of Barcelona. This class was structured around a collaborative enquiry involving both students and professors, which explored the experience of silence in the university classroom. While carrying out the investigation, students learned to research, by researching. In doing so, the group experimented with and became more fluent in different arts-based methodologies, and generated three final results: a video, an article and an installation.
Este artículo visual refleja los cambios experimentados por los estudiantes durante la asignatura optativa de Investigación Basada en las Artes, ofertada dentro del Grado de Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Barcelona. Dicha asignatura se estructuró como una investigación compartida en la que se involucraron tanto los alumnos como los profesores, y cuyo objetivo fue explorar la experiencia de silencio en las clases de la universidad. Durante el proceso de investigación, los estudiantes aprendieron a investigar ... investigando. Así, mientras el grupo experimentaba con diferentes metodologías basadas en las artes, a su vez aprendían más sobre éstas, dando lugar en el final del proceso a un video, un artículo y una instalación.
Project ‘Adriatic Fish and Sailing Ships’ was conducted with 255 children: Visual essay of the art project in Croatia
Authors: Nazor Dijana 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The project ‘The Adriatic fish’ was conducted with 240 children from a primary school near Split, Croatia. The aim of this project was to show that children can learn and creatively collaborate outside of school, in their surroundings, by finding natural forms (of stones) on the beach. Learning how to observe and recognize the shapes around them, they acquire the skills of research and creating by combining materials (stones and wire). Throughout this project, the students learnt about the species of Adriatic fish. This project helped to develop children’s ability to observe and also encouraged their creative cooperation.
Projekt Jadranske ribice nastao je u suradnji s 240 djece iz osnovne škole pokraj Splita. Ovim projektom nastojalo se pokazati da djeca mogu učiti i kreativno surad-ivati i izvan škole, u svojoj okolini, pronalaženjem prirodnih oblika kamenja na plaži. Ucˇenjem gledanja i prepoznavanjem oblika oko sebe stječu se vještine kreiranja i istraživanja s kombiniranim tehnikama (kamenja i žice). Kroz ovaj projekt učenici su učili i o vrstama Jadranskih riba razvijajući spoznaju o bogatstvu Jadranskog mora i svog podneblja. Cilj projekta bio je razvijanje dječjeg opažanja i zajednička suradnja med-u učenicima.
Book Reviews
Authors: Caines Suzanne , Manifold Marjorie Cohee , Schönau Diederik 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The Last Art College: Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, 1968–1978, Garry Neill KENNEDY (2012) Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press, 421 pp., ISBN: 9780262016902, h/bk, £41.95
Debates in Art and Design Education, Nicholas Addison and Lesley Burgess (eds) (2013) London and New York: Routledge, 221 pp., ISBN: 978-0415-61887-8, p/bk, £23.99
The Arts in Education. An Introduction to Aesthetics, Theory and Pedagogy, Mike Fleming (2012) London and New York: Routledge, 134 pp., ISBN 978-0-415-62029-1, p/bk, £ 34.96
Relaparotomies after cesarean sections: risk factors, indications, and management
Authors: Shinar Shiri , Hareuveni Mara , Ben-Tal Ofira , Many Ariel 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Objective: To establish the frequency of post-cesarean relaparotomy, identify its risk factors, indications, and operative management.

Methods: This study was a retrospective matched case control study. Records of all women who underwent a cesarean section (CS) from July 2006 to March 2012 were reviewed. We identified all women who had a relaparotomy within 1 month from their CS. For each woman, two women were matched. We analyzed data regarding obstetrical history, current gestation, surgical parameters, and outcome.

Results: A total of 14,637 CS were performed during this period, of these, 58 cases required a relaparotomy (0.4%). In univariate analysis, female sex and duration of CS were associated with an increased risk for relaparotomy. In multivariate analysis, multiple pregnancies, general anesthesia, duration of operation, and female sex, independently increased the risk for relaparotomy. The leading indications for relaparotomy were hemodynamic shock and subcutaneous hematoma. The most common interventions during relaparotomy were cauterization of subcutaneous vessels, and ligation of large vessels. Overall, women requiring relaparotomy received, on average, 16 units of blood products.

Conclusions: This study highlights risk factors associated with post-cesarean relaparotomy. Surgeons might use this important data to identify women at risk beforehand, and thus, reduce the morbidity associated with relaparotomy.
The Missed and Missing Benefits to Africa in the Absence of Harmonized International Regulation of Traditional Medicinal Knowledge
Authors: Andemariam Senai W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe WHO estimates that traditional medicine(s) (TM) are used in every country around the world in some capacity and that in much of the developing world 70–95% of the population relies on these TM for primary care. It is estimated that at least 25% of all modern medicines are derived, either directly or indirectly, from medicinal plants and that in the case of certain classes of pharmaceuticals, this percentage may be as high as 60%. Some sources claim that that nearly a quarter of all pharmaceutical products worldwide are derived from plant sources. There is a global increase in interest in the use of TM and with it the global expenditure on TM. In 2005, for instance, the global market for traditional medicines was estimated at US$ 60 billion, reached US$ 83 billion in 2008 and is expected to reach US$ 114 billion by 2015.Africa prides itself as one of the most important pools for this globally important resource. Experience has, however, shown that both at national and at international levels, the continent has not yet been able to benefit from the international trade of TM. The regulation of TM is yet to become comprehensive at international and national levels. Yet, traditional medicinal knowledge has hitherto attracted only a fragmented regulatory attention by international organizations such as the WTO which focus on the various interests that TM represents. Although the harmonized regulation of the environmental, health, intellectual property, trade, cultural heritage, human rights, development and other interests on TM can be a complicated assignment, this article will attempt to show how the rules of international economic law, in tandem with other relevant international instruments, can bring benefit to the African continent by setting rules for sustainable exploitation of TM.
A Method to Determine cv Under Sinusoidal Pore Pressure Distributions
Authors: Lovisa Julie , Sivakugan Nagaratnam 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The coefficient of consolidation (cv) is traditionally evaluated by fitting experimental settlement-time data to the theoretical percentage consolidation-time factor curve of a layer subjected to a uniform initial excess pore water pressure (ui) distribution. Over the years, numerous curve-fitting techniques have been developed for this experimental-theoretical correlation, the most popular of which are Casagrande's logarithm-of-time method and Taylor's square-root time method. These classical curve-fitting techniques have recently been generalized to account for a variety of different ui distributions. In this paper, basic consolidation principles have been applied in a novel fashion to both standard and tall oedometer tests on two clays to simulate a sinusoidal ui distribution (operating under either singly or doubly drained conditions) within a laboratory setting. The settlement-time data obtained from these tests were analyzed using the modified curve-fitting procedures previously put forward by the authors to determine appropriate values for cv, which were found to closely align with values of cv obtained using the traditional Taylor and Casagrande methods, when the ui distribution is considered uniform. The most valuable feature of these modified curve-fitting techniques was found to be their ability to analyze traditionally obtained settlement-time data to supplement any conventionally obtained cv values. This is useful in terms of validation when settlement-time data do not exhibit the usual trends and traditionally calculated values of cvrequire further authentication.
Automatic Multiple Needle Penetrometer for Continuous Measurements of Resistance to Penetration
Authors: Mai D. , Vargas A. , Walliser A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Needle penetration tests have been used extensively for the assessment of setting and hardening in cementitious products. In the present contribution, we introduce an automatic multiple needle penetration device for the continuous measurement of resistance to penetration in the range of 1 to 36 h and up to 3000 N. The scope and application in concrete and sprayed concrete technology are illustrated.
Ankle Stability and Movement Coordination Impairments: Ankle Ligament Sprains
Authors: Martin Robroy L. , Davenport Todd E. , Paulseth Stephen , Wukich Dane K. , Godges Joseph J. 
Published: August 2013

The Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) has an ongoing effort to create evidence-based practice guidelines for orthopaedic physical therapy management of patients with musculoskeletal impairments described in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). The purpose of these clinical practice guidelines is to describe the peer-reviewed literature and make recommendations related to ankle ligament sprain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(9):A1–A40. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0305
Posterior Dislocation of the Elbow
Authors: Boyles Robert 
Published: August 2013

The patient was a 23-year-old man who was seen in a direct-access capacity by a physical therapist for a chief complaint of severe left elbow pain following a fall on an outstretched left hand 2 hours prior. The physical therapist ordered radiographs of the left elbow, which revealed a posterior dislocation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(9):673. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0416
Clinical, Physical, and Neurophysiological Impairments Associated With Decreased Function in Women With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Cleland Joshua A. , Plaza-Manzano Gustavo , Ortega-Santiago Ricardo , de-la-Llave-Rincón Ana I. , Martínez-Perez Almudena , Arroyo-Morales Manuel 
Published: August 2013

Study Design Cross-sectional study. Objective To examine the associations between clinical (pain), physical (cervical range of motion [ROM] and pinch grip force), and neurophysiological (pressure pain thresholds) outcomes and self-reported function and disability in women with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Background The association of physical and physiological variables with self-rated function and disability in patients with CTS has not been fully determined. A better understanding of the association between potentially modifiable risk factors, such as limited cervical ROM, could assist clinicians in optimizing therapeutic programs for this group of patients. Methods One hundred fifty-four women with CTS were recruited. Demographic information and data on duration of symptoms, pain intensity, depression, cervical ROM, pinch grip force, and pressure pain thresholds over the neck, hand, and leg were collected. Self-reported function and disability were measured with the functional status subscale of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine associations between variables. Results There were significant positive correlations between the functional status subscale score and pain intensity (r = 0.36, P<.001), depression (r = 0.32, P<.001), and duration of symptoms (r = 0.23, P = .005). Significant negative correlations were also observed between the functional status subscale score and pinch grip force of the index finger (r = −0.25, P = .002) and little finger (r = −0.28, P<.001), ROM in cervical flexion (r = −0.22, P = .003) and lateral flexion away from the side of CTS (r = −0.24, P = .002) and toward the side of CTS (r = −0.16, P = .045), and pressure pain threshold over C5-6 (r = −0.34, P<.001), the carpal tunnel (r = −0.35, P<.001), and the tibialis anterior muscle (r = −0.26, P<.001). Stepwise regression analyses revealed that pain intensity, thumb and little finger pinch grip force, severity of depression, and cervical ROM in lateral flexion away from the side of CTS explained 38.2% of the variance in functional status (R2 = 0.411, adjusted R2 = 0.382, F = 15.42, P<.001). Conclusion This study found that a number of modifiable factors are associated with self-reported function in women with CTS. Future longitudinal studies will help to determine the clinical implications of these findings. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(9):641–649. Epub 25 July 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4830
Discours et pratiques transnationales. La YWCA et l'immigration au Canada (1918–1939)
Authors: Cohen Yolande , Guerry Linda 
Published: August 2013

Résumé : Au croisement de l'histoire des mouvements de femmes, de l'histoire de la société civile, des politiques migratoires et du travail social, cet article interroge pour la période des décennies 1920 et 1930 l'approche de la question de l'immigration et l'action menée auprès de migrants par des femmes de la Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) canadienne. Après une première période (des années 1870 à l'après-guerre) où dominent la réforme morale et la nationalisation des politiques d'immigration, émerge au sein de la YWCA une approche transnationale de l'aide aux immigrants. Dans le contexte de l'après-guerre, au moment où l'État fédéral intervient dans le domaine de l'accueil aux migrants et préconise une fermeture des frontières, la YWCA tisse des liens étroits avec les grandes organisations internationales naissantes en Europe. Dépassant le cadre impérial et national, et s'orientant vers une action moins confessionnelle et non plus orientée vers les seules femmes, la YWCA canadienne contribue ainsi à l'émergence au cours des années 1930 d'une approche inédite de l'aide aux migrants humanitaire et transnationale.