bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Globalne tezy, lokalne przemilczenia
Authors: Krzywiec Grzegorz 
Published: January 2015

Global theses with local omissionsTimothy Snyder’s book is an ambitious monograph which attempts at placing Shoah in a more appropriate context of the murderous fight between the Nazi Germany and the Soviet Russia from the perspective of civilian victims. However, the book offers no new evidence or new arguments. On the one hand, most of the interpretations come from established scholars. On the other hand, Bloodlands presents a sort of synthesis of the latest discussions of the Holocaust historians and Eastern European experience of the Soviet rule. Nonetheless, as Snyder himself has stated, the novelty of the book lies rather in a parallel insight into systems and events. Such “parallelism” must, and surely will, trigger a wealth of reflections.The review article focuses on one particular aspect of the book. One of the most suggestive assumptions of Snyder’s method is that the book overcomes national narratives by examining the cruelest period in the 20th century from the above-mentioned universal point of view. However, for Snyder, a leading scholar of Eastern European, and first and foremost, Polish history, these “national” motifs play a significant, and often even crucial role in his book.Yet, as it is claimed in the review, the author frequently cannot free himself from them. On the contrary, his narrative delivers systematic permeations of Polish martyrological stereotypes and biases, which in the end results in a reproduction of many handbook schemes and even metaphorical figures from the so-called Polish “historical politics”. This also leads to many false and misleading juxtapositions with the most striking one being the comparison between the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and Warsaw Uprising.Interestingly enough, evading many national particularities, Snyder relapses in deeply rooted national, and to be specific, Polish tales. He proves to be more “national” than many other “national” scholars critical in their research of this period.
Czytając Snydera. Refleksje białoruskiego historyka
Authors: Smalanczuk Aleksander 
Published: January 2015

Reading Snyder. Reflections of a Belarusian historianTimothy Snyder has carried out a detailed comparison of mass extermination practices of two different though similar regimes. His comparison indicates basic resemblances as well as a large number of discrepancies. At the same time, the conclusions drawn by the author of Bloodlands challenge numerous commonly accepted theses from the field of political history. However, it is easy for a historian from Belarus to notice some inaccuracies regarding the “Belarusian theme.” Timothy Snyder is not familiar with the most important works of Belarusian historiography, which refer to the question of the monograph directly (the works by Jerzy Turonek, Eugeniusz Mironowicz, Igor Kuzniecow and others). Whereas Snyder’s approach to the “Polish theme” lacks some criticism. Nevertheless, Snyder’s book offers quite a comprehensive analysis of the history of mass extermination. Bloodlands demonstrates that the main victim of these murders was Human: death annihilates all national and cultural differences, whereas the most important is the human aspect of the tragedy suffered by the millions, which should not be regarded as statistics.
„Skrwawione ziemie” Timothy Snydera. Krytyczne uwagi na temat konstrukcji krajobrazu historycznego
Authors: Zarusky Jürgen 
Published: January 2015

Timothy Snyder’s "Bloodlands". Critical comments on the construction of historical landscapeJürgen Zarusky's text is an extensive deconstruction of Timothy Snyder's narration presented in Bloodlands. The narration is based on the assumption, that both regimes – Nazi and Soviet – and their extermination practicies were similar. In Bloodlands Stalin's crimes are presented as a form of ethnic extermination. Thus Snyder suggested ideological kinship between both dictators without analysing specific ideologies. Although the author specifies the differences between these two ideologies he does not ask about their significance to the enemy image and extermination practicies. Snyder's narration concentrates excessively on Poland – as the core of “bloodlands”. In the closing chapter of the book Poles are depicted as the actual martyrs of “bloodlands” in Poland, as well as on the territory of the Soviet Union. Yet up to this day there are ethinc gorups – like Sinti and Romany - who have to fight for the recognition of their tragic experiences as the victims of crimes commited by German authorities. The author also does not mention about the victims of the agressive wars against the Soviet Union. Thus the point of Bloodlands is not to present all the victims of totalitarianism and the war, all the victims from “bloodlands”, but to present only the victims selected by the author. „Skrwawione ziemie” Timothy Snydera. Krytyczne uwagi na temat konstrukcji krajobrazu historycznegoTekst Jürgen Zarusky'ego to obszerna dekonstrukcja narracji Timothy Snydera zaprezentowanej w książce Skrwawione ziemie. Zasadza się ona na założeniu, że oba reżimy - niemiecki i radziecki - oraz ich praktyki eksterminacyjne były bardzo do siebie zbliżone. W książce przedstawiono stalinowskie zbrodnie masowe jako formę etnicznej eksterminacji. W ten sposób Snyder zasugerował ideologiczne pokrewieństwo między obu dyktatorami, nie podejmując się analizy konkretnych ideologii. Chociaż wymienia różnice między nimi, jednak nie pyta o ich znaczenie dla obrazu wroga i praktyk eksterminacyjnych. Narracja Snydera nazbyt koncentruje się na Polsce jako jądrze „skrwawionych ziem”. Polaków przedstawia w końcowym rozdziale jako właściwych męczenników „skrwawionej ziemi”, tak w samej Polsce, jak na terenie Związku Radzieckiego. Tymczasem niektóre grupy muszą do dziś walczyć o uznanie swojego tragicznego losu prześladowanych, jak choćby Sinti i Romowie, którzy masowo byli mordowani przez nazistowskie władze. W Skrwawionych ziemiach nie pojawia się słowo na ich temat. W książce nie znajdują także odbicia ofiary wojen zaczepnych, szczególnie skierowanych przeciwko Związkowi Radzieckiemu. W pracy Snydera nie chodzi zatem o wszystkie ofiary totalitaryzmu i wojny, w tym także nie wszystkie z terenów „skrwawionych ziem”, lecz o ich wybór dokonany przez autora.
„Ósmy dzień tygodnia”
Authors: Zawadzka Anna 
Published: January 2015

“The Eighth Day of the Week”The Eighth Day of the Week is a short story by Marek Hłasko revolving around the topic of losing virginity. Literary scholars consider Hłasko as a representative of machismo; a masculine and male-centred narrator. This text analyses and deconstructs the short story defending it as a comprehensive record of misogynist culture written from the perspective of the main female protagonist and not the expression of misogyny of the author himself. The tools of discourse analysis and feminist philosophy applied to Hłasko’s text produce surprising results. Agnieszka – the main female protagonist of the short story – turns out to be a figure of non-conformity universalised by Hłasko, while the virginity and its loss become a part of female fate used by Hłasko as a motif to show the power of society over an individual. Meanwhile Agnieszka struggles for autonomy from domineering cultural patterns and gains it with the help of not so much barricades and spectacular gestures typical for male protagonists as wit, intelligence and trickery.
Muranów czyli karczowanie. O książce „Festung Warschau” Elżbiety Janickiej
Authors: Grudzińska-Gross Irena 
Published: January 2015

Muranów, or about land clearing The article is a review of “Festung Warschau” by Elżbieta Janicka which maps the clash between the recently built monuments celebrating Jewish or Polish places of martyrdom from the times of Second World War. Janicka walks through the streets of the former Jewish neighbourhoods of Warsaw; she photographs and discusses the new plaques, crosses, monuments, and other forms of public marking of history on the buildings, squares and streets. She convincingly shows that the new historical commemorative signs of Polish martyrdom are often placed in the sites that were marked by Jewish resistance or suffering, and that the marks of Polish suffering are rarely linked materially to the site. The new monuments obstruct and hide the past presence of Warsaw Jews and, by submerging their past, create a new vision of ethnically cleansed history of Warsaw, especially in its relation to Second World War. The review applauds the book and rejects some of the criticism against it.
Tak zwani partyzanci. Z Krystyną Badurką rozmawia Monika Stec
Authors: Stec Monika , Badurka Krystyna 
Published: January 2015

So-called partisans. Monika Stec in an interview with Krystyna Badurka Referring to the story of her father’s death in 1945, Krystyna Badurka-Rytel discusses the times before and after World War II. Before WWII, her father, Felix Badurka, was a soldier of the Home Army, while after the war he served as the chairman of the National Council and built "the new system". For decades, the Badurka family has been trying to find out who is responsible for his murder.The story of tracking perpetrators is presented against a broader background: the attitude of the population and the Church towards the underground army during and after WWII; the socio-political changes (specifically in rural areas) after World War II, as well as the modern times, in particular the attitude to the past. Krystyna Badurka-Rytel objects to the current Polish political history, because, as she believes, it glorifies the war crimes committed by the so-called “conspiracy” by honouring the participants with books and monuments.
Rola kobiet ukraińskich w wydarzeniach rewolucyjnych na przełomie 2013-2014 roku
Authors: Voytyuk Oksana 
Published: January 2015

The role of Ukrainian women in revolutionary events at the turn of 2014The article explains the notion of European revolution, Revolution of Dignity, Revolution of the Fire, Euromaidan. There is also an analysis of women participation in the events that took place at the turn of 2014, as well as examples of various kinds of initiatives which appeared during the revolutionary events in Ukraine. Rola kobiet ukraińskich w wydarzeniach rewolucyjnych na przełomie 2013-2014 rokuArtykuł wyjaśnia takie pojęcia jak: Rewolucja Europejska, Rewolucja Godności, Rewolucja Ognia, Euromaidan. Analizie poddano również udział kobiet w wydarzeniach, które miały miejsce na przełomie lat 2013-2014, a także przykłady różnego rodzaju inicjatyw, które pojawiły się w czasie rewolucyjnych wydarzeń na Ukrainie.
Tabor Pamięci Romów jako przykład promowania wiedzy o Romach przez Muzeum Etnograficzne w Tarnowie
Authors: Kaźmierska Wioleta 
Published: January 2015

Roma Caravan Memorial as an example of pro motion of knowledge about Roma by the Ethnographic Muse um in TarnówThe first Roma Caravan Memorial set off from outside the Ethnographic Museum in Tarnów in 1996. It was organised by Adam Bartosz, an expert on Roma culture, history and language, and Adam Andrasz, the president of the Association of Roma in Tarnów. The Caravan is to commemorate Roma Holocaust. Members of the Roma community can thus learn about the history of extermination from local priests and authors of historical publications. Participants of the Caravan visit the following places of martyrdom: Żabno where possibly 49 of German and 12 of Hungarian Romas were shot by the Nazis in summer 1943), the grave in Borzęcin Dolny where anonymous 28 Romas, killed in the nearby forests, were buried, and Szczurowa where Germans murdered almost an entire Roma settlement of 93 people; the victims were buried in the local cemetery; it is probably the biggest grave of Roma people on the present territory of Poland. The Caravan Memorial is a project that integrates the Roma and the local community, also friendly villagers, journalists and sometimes passers-by join it. Tabor Pamięci Romów jako przykład promowania wiedzy o Romach przez Muzeum Etnograficzne w TarnowiePierwszy „Cygański Tabor Pamięci Romów”, który później nazwany został „Międzynarodowym Taborem Pamięci Romów”, wyruszył sprzed dziedzińca tarnowskiego Muzeum Etnograficznego w lipcu 1996 roku. Jedną z głównych idei, która przyświecała organizatorom „Taboru” było upamiętnienie zagłady Romów, którym podobnie jak Żydom naziści odmówili prawa do życia i skazali na całkowitą eksterminację. Tabor jest swego rodzaju „pielgrzymką” upamiętniającą kaźń Romów, jak i oddaniem pomordowanym hołdu w miejscu ich wiecznego spoczynku. „Tabor Pamięci Romów” stanowi istotny element dziedzictwa kulturowego Romów zamieszkujących ziemie polskie. Sięganie do tego dziedzictwa, nawiązywanie do niego i ukazywanie w jak najszerszym zakresie niewątpliwie przyczyniać się będzie do głębszego poznania kultury romskiej.
Surgical Management of Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions of the Patella and Trochlea in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population
Authors: Kramer Dennis E. , Yen Yi-Meng , Simoni Michael K. , Miller Patricia E. , Micheli Lyle J. , Kocher Mininder S. , Heyworth Benton E. 
Published: January 2015

Background: There is a paucity of published data regarding the management of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the patellofemoral joint in children and adolescents. Purpose: To evaluate the functional outcomes of surgical management of OCD lesions of the patella and trochlea in children and adolescents. Secondary aims included elucidating predictors for higher functional outcomes and determining complication rates, surgical satisfaction, and ability to return to sports. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients aged 18 years and younger who were surgically treated for OCD of the patella or trochlea were identified. Charts were queried to record patient/lesion data, surgical procedure, results, and complications. Pre- and postoperative imaging was reviewed. Patients were asked to complete a follow-up athletic questionnaire and a Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi-IKDC) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted to look for predictors for reoperation, residual pain, ability to return to sports, and lower Pedi-IKDC scores. Results: A total of 26 children (9 females, 17 males, 3 with bilateral lesions; thus, 29 lesions) were identified. The mean age was 14.7 years (range, 9-18, years), 21 of the 29 knees with lesions (72%) had open physes, and median follow-up was 3.8 years (range, 1-9 years). The most common location was the trochlea (17/29 lesions; 59%). Twenty-two lesions (76%) underwent transarticular drilling (n = 14) or drilling with fixation (n = 8), while 7 underwent excision and marrow stimulation. Four patients (14%) required unplanned reoperation. Internal fixation was predictive of reoperation (odds ratio [OR] = 8.7; 95% CI, 2.8-26.9; P = .04). At final follow-up, 14 knees (48%) were pain free, and 14 (48%) had mild residual pain. Female sex was predictive of residual pain (OR, 9; 95% CI, 2-56; P = .02). Twenty-two patients (85%) returned to sports. Longer duration of preoperative pain negatively affected return to sports (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.05-0.97; P = .04). On postoperative MRI, the lesion appeared completely healed in 2 cases (18%) and partially healed in 9 cases (82%). All 15 survey respondents were satisfied with surgery. The mean Pedi-IKDC score was 82.4 ± 17.8 (range, 40.2-100). Conclusion: Surgical treatment of patellofemoral OCD in children and adolescents produces a high rate of satisfaction and return to sports. Female sex, prolonged duration of symptoms, and internal fixation may be associated with worse outcomes.
Cyclic Displacement After Meniscal Root Repair Fixation
Authors: LaPrade Robert F. , LaPrade Christopher M. , Ellman Michael B. , Turnbull Travis Lee , Cerminara Anthony J. , Wijdicks Coen A. 
Published: January 2015

Background: Recent biomechanical evidence suggests that the meniscus-suture interface contributes the most displacement to the transtibial pull-out repair for meniscal root tears. Therefore, optimization of surgical technique at the meniscus-suture interface may minimize displacement and improve the strength of meniscal root repairs. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cyclic displacement and ultimate failure loads of 4 different meniscus-suture fixation techniques for posterior medial meniscal root repairs in human meniscus tissue. The hypothesis was that there would be no significant difference between the two simple sutures (TSS) technique and 3 other techniques in cyclic displacement or ultimate failure load. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 32 fresh-frozen, human, medial meniscal transplant specimens were randomly assigned to 4 meniscus-suture fixation techniques used for transtibial pull-out repair in posterior medial meniscal root tears (n = 8 per group). The suture techniques studied were (1) TSS, (2) modified Mason-Allen (MMA), (3) single double-locking loop (S-DLL), and (4) double double-locking loop (D-DLL). The menisci were subjected to a cyclic tensioning protocol representative of postoperative rehabilitation (10-30 N for 1000 cycles) and pulled to failure at a rate of 0.5 mm/s. Results: After 1000 cycles, the TSS group displaced the least (mean ± SD, 1.78 ± 0.64 mm), followed by the MMA (2.14 ± 0.65 mm), D-DLL (2.97 ± 0.57 mm), and S-DLL (3.81 ± 0.78 mm) groups. After 100, 500, and 1000 cycles, suture displacements using the TSS and MMA techniques were not significantly different ( P > .13), while the TSS technique resulted in significantly less displacement than the S-DLL and D-DLL ( P < .03) techniques. The ultimate failure loads of the MMA (325 ± 77 N) and D-DLL (320 ± 50 N) techniques were significantly greater than those of the TSS (192 ± 52 N) and S-DLL (217 ± 51 N) techniques ( P < .05). Conclusion: The TSS and MMA fixation techniques were not significantly different, while the TSS was significantly better at resisting displacement when compared with the S-DLL and D-DLL stitch configurations. The MMA and D-DLL techniques exhibited significantly greater failure loads than did the TSS and S-DLL techniques; however, all techniques demonstrated ultimate failure loads above the currently accepted rehabilitation force threshold. Clinical Relevance: The TSS fixation technique combines the lowest technical difficulty and the ability to resist displacement at time zero. The MMA technique, although more technically challenging, may provide an alternative means to resist displacement while enhancing the failure load.
The Benefits, Limitations, and Cost-Effectiveness of Advanced Technologies in the Management of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Vigersky Robert A. 
Published: January 2015

Background: Hypoglycemia mitigation is critical for appropriately managing patients with diabetes. Advanced technologies are becoming more prevalent in diabetes management, but their benefits have been primarily judged on the basis of hemoglobin A1c. A critical appraisal of the effectiveness and limitations of advanced technologies in reducing both A1c and hypoglycemia rates has not been previously performed. Methods: The cost of hypoglycemia was estimated using literature rates of hypoglycemia events resulting in hospitalizations. A literature search was conducted on the effect on A1c and hypoglycemia of advanced technologies. The cost-effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and real-time continuous glucose monitors (RT-CGM) was reviewed. Results: Severe hypoglycemia in insulin-using patients with diabetes costs $4.9-$12.7 billion. CSII reduces A1c in some but not all studies. CSII improves hypoglycemia in patients with high baseline rates. Bolus calculators improve A1c and improve the fear of hypoglycemia but not hypoglycemia rates. RT-CGM alone and when combined with CSII improve A1c with a neutral effect on hypoglycemia rates. Low-glucose threshold suspend systems reduce hypoglycemia with a neutral effect on A1c, and low-glucose predictive suspend systems reduce hypoglycemia with a small increase in plasma glucose levels. In short-term studies, artificial pancreas systems reduce both hypoglycemia rates and plasma glucose levels. CSII and RT-CGM are cost-effective technologies, but their wide adoption is limited by cost, psychosocial, and educational factors. Conclusions: Most currently available technologies improve A1c with a neutral or improved rate of hypoglycemia. Advanced technologies appear to be cost-effective in diabetes management, especially when including the underlying cost of hypoglycemia.
Up in flames: a flammability assessment of alcohol-based hand sanitizers on common perioperative materials
Authors: Almengor Samuel , Monaghan W. Patrick , FL Jacksonville, 
Published: January 2015

Introduction: The objective of this study was to perform a flammability assessment of alcohol-based hand sanitizers on common perioperative materials. There is an estimated 550â€“650 surgical fires that occur nationally each year, an instance comparable to that of wrong-site surgery, yet only about 100 operating room fires are reported each year.Â The median cost of an OR fire settlement claim is $120,166.Â Generation of fire requires the presence of three components, known as the â€œfire triadâ€: (1) an oxidizer, (2) an ignition source, and (3) fuel.Methods: The flammability of five common perioperative materials was assessed (conform stretch gauze, surgical drape, foam headrest, OR towels, and lap sponges).Â The flammability of these materials was assessed alone and with six test liquids (Purell Advanced, Germ-X, generic hand sanitizer, spray hand sanitizer, ChloraPrep, and sterile water).Â The assessments with the test liquids were conducted immediately after application and after five minutes.Â The ignition sources used were a lighter and two spark generators (piezo-electric and battery-powered spark generator).Results: Two of the five perioperative materials were easily ignitable (OR towels and lap sponges), while the others exhibited flame retardant properties, which manifested itself as â€œmeltingâ€ when an ignition source was applied (conform stretch gauze, surgical drape, and foam headrest).Â ChloraPrep served as the positive control and sterile water served as the negative control.Â When alcohol-based hand sanitizers and ChloraPrep were added to these materials, the flammability increased.Â The addition of sterile water to the perioperative materials rendered the material nonflammable. The piezo-electric spark generator did not elicit any combustion of perioperative materials with or without test liquids, but the battery-powered spark generator did.Conclusion: Commonly used alcohol-based hand sanitizers are flammable.Â When alcohol-based hand sanitizers are applied to perioperative materials, their flammability increases, even materials which were previously nonflammable.Â Electrostatic discharge did illicit combustion of alcohol-based hand sanitizer on any perioperative materials tested, and should be recognized as a genuine safety hazard.Â Although these personal hand sanitizer products are commonly used for their antiseptic properties, one should exercise prudence with their use to avoid causing harm to the patient.