bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Silica‐Based Zeolites with Three‐Dimensional Systems of Extra‐Large Pores
Authors: Yu Huajian , Villaescusa Luis A. , Gao Zihao Rei , Camblor Miguel A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractZeolites are microporous crystalline materials that find a very wide range of applications, which, however, are limited by the size and dimensionality of their pores. Stable silica zeolites with a three‐dimensional (3D) system of extra‐large pores (ELP, i.e., pores with minimum windows along the diffusion path consisting of more than 12 SiO4/2 tetrahedra, 12R) are in demand for processing larger molecules than zeolites can currently handle. However, they have challenged worldwide synthetic capabilities for more than eight decades. In this review we first present a brief history of the discovery of ELP zeolites. Next, we show that earlier successes of zeolites with 3D ELP were not actually zeolites, but rather interrupted structures with, in addition, a composition that severely detracted from their stability. Finally, we present three new fully connected stable silica‐based 3D ELP zeolites ZEO‐1, ZEO‐3 and ZEO‐5, discuss their preparation methods and stability as well as the clear advantage of their increased porosity in catalysis and adsorption processes involving large molecules. We will discuss peculiar characteristics of their preparation and present two new reaction types giving rise to zeolites (1D‐to‐3D topotactic condensation and interchain expansion), highlighting how new synthesis methods can provide materials that would otherwise be unfeasible.
Construction of a New 2D Coordination Polymer: Degradation Antibiotic Nitrofurantoin and Magnetism
Authors: Wu Yu , Ghosh Mithun Kumar , Wang Xin , Li Yulong , Ansari Istikhar A. , Muddassir Mohd. , Sakiyama Hiroshi , Ghorai Tanmay Kumar 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of a trinuclear Co(II)‐based coordination polymer (CP), [Co3(HL)2(H2O)6·2.2H2O]n (1), was achieved via a solvothermal method involving CoCl2·6H2O and 3‐(2,4‐dicarboxylphenyl)‐2,6‐dicarboxylpyridine (H3L). The photocatalytic efficiency of the complex was evaluated for the degradation of various antibiotics ornidazole (ODZ), nitrofurantoin (NFT), dinitroaniline (DNZ), and tinidazole (TDZ) in wastewater. Notably, NFT exhibited a remarkable 91.5% degradation within 20 min under optimal conditions. The catalytic performance was influenced by the amount of photocatalyst, NFT concentration, and solution pH, with optimal conditions identified at 6‐mg catalyst dose, 30 mg/L NFT concentration, and pH 7. Trapping experiments highlighted the roles of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals as primary active species in the photocatalytic process. Furthermore, the magnetic behavior is also discussed in detail.
On messianic links
Authors: Kaul Nilofer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe messianic structure of human experience is manifest in the form of waiting—for an object who will alleviate suffering, and thereby, bring about change. The underpinning of such waiting is imagined here as messianic hope. In individuals, families, cults, religion, and politics, we may detect such hope—one that perhaps makes the unbearability of life bearable. This longing may get concretized in the shape of a person who comes to represent a link with God. From different vertices, messianic power may get located in the analyst, patriarch, the godman, or the political leader. Links that get forged between such figures and those who are waiting, may be thought of as messianic links. As a messianic group gets consolidated, it often displays certain primitive features. Such groups tend to veer towards a display of omnipotence, resolute action, a solution‐driven language. They may seek to cut off contact with painful reality and anoint someone who can enable that. Ideas of time are wrenched away from its painful association with loss. Time is made predictable and repetitive. Deliverance is promised, incertitude discarded. Messianic language is often evocative and enigmatic. It can be an expression of impotency. But language may also be used to fuel omnipotent longing, as with the use of omniscience by the anointed messiah. Such messianic groups may come together with shared magical beliefs in the annointed figure. But links by their very nature are dynamic and so, a link fueled by awe may also devolve into paranoia or else dependency or may be discarded altogether. This paper looks at two documentaries, and a novel, to give shape to messianic links. Here we see instances of how enigma may be replaced by charisma, and strength by hypervigilance. In that sense it seems that regardless of how they originate, they are condemned to move towards what Bion (1962) calls “minus links” or links that lead away from truth and the growth of the mind. We see that messianic links may either end catastrophically, or decay and degenerate to the point of disappearing, or else, lose the kernel, but assiduously preserve the shell, or finally institutionalized as deifying links.
Changing dynamics of Western European summertime cut‐off lows: A case study of the July 2021 flood event
Authors: Thompson Vikki , Coumou Dim , Galfi Vera Melinda , Happé Tamara , Kew Sarah , Pinto Izidine , Philip Sjoukje , de Vries Hylke , van der Wiel Karin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn July 2021, a cut‐off low‐pressure system brought extreme precipitation to Western Europe. Record daily rainfall totals led to flooding that caused loss of life and substantial damage to infrastructure. Climate change can amplify rainfall extremes via thermodynamic processes, but the role of dynamical changes is uncertain. We assess how the dynamics involved in this particular event are changing using flow analogues. Using past and present periods in reanalyses and large ensemble climate model data of the present‐day climate and 2°C warmer climate, we find that the best flow analogues become more similar to the cut‐off low‐pressure system observed over Western Europe in 2021. This may imply that extreme rain events will occur more frequently in the future. Moreover, the magnitude of the analogue lows has deepened, and the associated air masses contain more precipitable water. Simulations of future climate show similar events of the future could lead to intense rainfall further east than in the current climate, due to a shift of the pattern. Such unprecedented events can have large consequences for society, we need to mitigate and adapt to reduce future impacts.
Glycosylation in Drosophila S2 cells
Authors: Xu Tingting , Tong Lixiang , Zhang Zhifu , Zhou Hairong , Zheng Peilin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a remarkable surge in the approval of therapeutic protein drugs, particularly recombinant glycoproteins. Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells have become an appealing platform for the production of recombinant proteins due to their simplicity and low cost in cell culture. However, a significant limitation associated with using the S2 cell expression system is its propensity to introduce simple paucimannosidic glycosylation structures, which differs from that in the mammalian expression system. It is well established that the glycosylation patterns of glycoproteins have a profound impact on the physicochemical properties, bioactivity, and immunogenicity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms behind these glycosylation modifications and implementing measures to address it has become a subject of considerable interest. This review aims to comprehensively summarize recent advancements in glycosylation modification in S2 cells, with a particular focus on comparing the glycosylation patterns among S2, other insect cells, and mammalian cells, as well as developing strategies for altering the glycosylation patterns of recombinant glycoproteins.
Chiral Chemopolymorphism in the Monoterpenes of Pistacia palaestina Leaves and Galls
Authors: Bar Einat , Davidovich‐Rikanati Rachel , Saini Shashank , Inbar Moshe , Lewinsohn Efraim 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPistacia palaestina Boiss. is a common tree in the Mediterranean maquis. The leaves of this plant accumulate defensive monoterpenes, whose levels greatly increase in galls induced by the aphid Baizongia pistaciae. We previously found a significant chemopolymorphism in monoterpene content among individual trees, but the chirality of these monoterpenes was unknown. Although most plant species specifically accumulate one enantiomeric form of a given compound, P. palaestina individuals display chemopolymorphism in the chirality of the key monoterpenes accumulated. We report here a marked enantiomeric variation for the limonene, α‐ and β‐pinene, camphene, sabinene, δ‐3‐carene, and terpene‐4‐ol content in leaves and galls of nine different naturally growing P. palaestina trees. Interestingly, insect‐induced gall monoterpene composition is an augmentation of the specific enantiopolymorphism originally displayed by each individual tree.
Earth‐Abundant Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation†
Authors: Wang Peng , He Zhao‐Lin , Xia Zi‐Fei , Wei Jun , Dong Xiu‐Qin 
Published: August 2024

Comprehensive SummaryTransition metal‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation is an efficient and direct synthetic method to access chiral compounds, which features simplicity, easy working‐up process, and high atomic economy. It typically relies on precious transition metal catalytic systems, including ruthenium, rhodium, iridium and palladium, which always face the difficulties of limited resources, high cost, and environmental contamination. Therefore, great efforts were made to apply earth‐abundant, low (non‐)toxic, and environmentally friendly transition metals, such as iron, cobalt, nickel and copper, to the asymmetric hydrogenation in the past decades, and some considerable breakthroughs have been obtained. In this review, we mainly summarized some recent research progress of nickel‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral unsaturated molecules, including olefins, imines and ketones. And continuous development of chiral nickel catalytic systems and the application of them into challenging asymmetric hydrogenation is prospected in the future.
Key ScientistsTransition metal‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation has been regarded as an important and direct approach to access chiral molecules. The first example of homogeneous catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation was developed by Knowles and Horner in 1968, respectively. In 1971, Kagan developed privileged chiral DIOP ligand for asymmetric hydrogenation. Halpern and Brown made deep studies on the Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation in 1977, respectively. Noyori developed a powerful and privileged chiral BINAP ligand in 1980. Owing to Knowles and Noyori's great contribution in the field of catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001. In 1984, Ohkubo developed pioneering earth‐abundant transition metal Ni‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of ethyl α‐methylcrotonate. A great many scientists made tremendous contribution to the development of chiral privileged ligands, such as, Bosnich, Kumada, Giongo, Takaya, Miyashima, Achiwa, Burk, Pflaltz, Chan, X. Zhang, Imamoto, Zhou, Genet, Sannicolo, Ding, Hoge, W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Tang, these ligands owned wide application in the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation. In addition, Zhou, Fan made deep investigation on the asymmetric hydrogenation of challenging aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Owing to the great importance of the development of the asymmetric (transfer) hydrogenation promoted by cheap transition metal catalytic systems, some researchers, such as Hamada, Gao, J. S. Zhou, Chirik, X. Zhang, Y.‐G. Zhou, W. Zhang, Lv, Dong, Fu, Deng, and Hou, made great efforts to the development of earth‐abundant nickel‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral unsaturated molecules, including olefins, imines and ketones. In addition, there are some other scientists that have also made great contribution to the development of catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation and Ni‐catalyzed asymmetric transformation, with too limited space to list all of them.
Photo‐Excited Switching and Enhancement of Dielectric Properties in Two‐Dimensional Double Perovskite Phase Transition Thin Films
Authors: Wei Linjie , Liu Yi , Yang Tian , Rong Hao , Zhao Xianmei , Zhang Jingtian , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua 
Published: August 2024

Comprehensive SummaryOptical controlling of solid‐sate electric properties is emerging as a non‐contact and nondestructive avenue to optimize the physical properties of electronic and optoelectronic devices. In term of strong light‐material coupling, two‐dimensional (2D) double perovskites hold great prospects to create photo‐dielectric activities for high‐performance device applications. Here, we have achieved the photo‐excited switching and enhancement of dielectric properties in the orientational thin films of a 2D double perovskite, (C4H12N)4AgBiI8 (1, where C4H9NH3+ is isobutylammonium). It undergoes a structural phase transition at 384 K (Tc), triggered by the dynamic ordering of organic cations and tilting motion of isometallic perovskite sheets. Most notably, the orientational thin films of 1 are extremely sensitive to light illumination, of which the dielectric constants can be facilely photo‐switched between the low‐ and high‐states. During this photo‐switching process, the dielectric constants are enhanced with a magnitude up to ~350% under 405 nm, far beyond most of the inorganic phase transition counterparts. In addition, this photo‐excited switching and enhancement of dielectric response exhibits an operational stability with superior anti‐fatigue characteristics. Our work opens up a potential avenue for assembling high‐performance optoelectronic devices with the controllable physical properties.
Identification of human metabolites of fast skeletal troponin activators Tirasemtiv and Reldesemtiv for doping control purposes
Authors: Euler Luisa , Deinert Kim , Wagener Felicitas , Walpurgis Katja , Thevis Mario 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe fast skeletal troponin activators (FSTAs) Reldesemtiv and Tirasemtiv were developed for patients suffering from neuro‐degenerative diseases of the motor nervous system, e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The drug candidates can increase the sensitivity of troponin C to calcium by selectively activating the troponin complex resulting in increased skeletal muscle contraction. Although the development of the drug candidates is currently discontinued because of missed end points in phase III clinical studies with patients with ALS, phase I clinical trials showed an increase in muscle contraction force in healthy humans. This effect could be abused by athletes to enhance performance in sports.As the substances are listed on the 2024 edition of the World Anti‐Doping Agency's Prohibited List, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize metabolites of Reldesemtiv and Tirasemtiv to ensure their reliable identification in doping control analyses.The biotransformation of the drug candidates was studied in vitro using pooled human liver microsomes and 3D cultivated human hepatic cells of the cell line HepaRG, yielding a total of 11 metabolites of Reldesemtiv and eight of Tirasemtiv. In addition, a human elimination study was conducted to investigate the metabolism and elimination profile of Tirasemtiv and Reldesemtiv in vivo, suggesting the N‐glucuronide of Tirasemtiv and hydroxylated 3‐fluoro‐2‐(3‐fluoro‐1‐methylcyclobutyl)pyridine as well as its glucuronide as suitable target analytes for routine doping controls. Applying a validating HPLC‐MS/MS method, optimized to detect Reldesemtiv and Tirasemtiv in human urine, microdosing (50 μg) of each substance was traceable for 24–72 h.
Does ecology shape geographical parthenogenesis? Evidence from the facultatively parthenogenetic stick insect Megacrania batesii
Authors: Miller Soleille , Wilner Daniela , Boldbaatar Jigmidmaa , Bonduriansky Russell 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClosely related sexual and parthenogenetic species often show distinct distribution patterns, known as geographical parthenogenesis. Similar patterns, characterized by the existence of separate sexual and parthenogenetic populations across their natural range, can also be found in facultative parthenogens – species in which every female is capable of both sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction. The underlying mechanisms driving this phenomenon in nature remain unclear. Features of the habitat, such as differences in host‐plant phenotypes or niche breadth, could favour sexual or asexual reproductive modes and thus help to explain geographical parthenogenesis in natural insect populations. Megacrania batesii is a facultatively parthenogenetic stick insect that displays geographical parthenogenesis in the wild. We aimed to explore whether sexual and parthenogenetic populations of M. batesii displayed niche differentiation or variations in niche breadth that could explain the separation of the two population types. To do this, we sampled host plants from across the range of M. batesii and quantified phenotypic traits that might affect palatability or accessibility for M. batesii, including leaf thickness, toughness, spike size and density, plant height, and chemical composition. We also quantified host‐plant density, which could affect M. batesii dispersal. We found little evidence of phenotypic differences between host plants supporting sexual versus asexual M. batesii populations, and no difference in host‐plant density or niche breadth between the two population types. Our results suggest that habitat parameters do not play a substantial role in shaping patterns of geographical parthenogenesis in wild populations of M. batesii. Instead, population sex ratio variation could result from interactions between the sexes or dispersal dynamics.
Fragile futures: Evaluating habitat and climate change response of hog badgers (Mustelidae: Arctonyx) in the conservation landscape of mainland Asia
Authors: Abedin Imon , Mukherjee Tanoy , Kim Ah Ran , Lee Soo Rin , Kim Hyun‐Woo , Kundu Shantanu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe small mammalian fauna plays pivotal roles in ecosystem dynamics and as crucial biodiversity indicators. However, recent research has raised concerns about the decline of mammalian species due to climate change. Consequently, significant attention is directed toward studying various big flagship mammalian species for conservation. However, small mammals such as the hog badgers (Mustelidae: Arctonyx) remain understudied regarding the impacts of climate change in Asia. The present study offers a comprehensive analysis of climate change effects on two mainland hog badger species, utilizing ensemble species distribution modeling. Findings reveal concerning outcomes, as only 52% of the IUCN extent is deemed suitable for the Great Hog Badger (Arctonyx collaris) and a mere 17% is ideal for the Northern Hog Badger (Arctonyx albogularis). Notably, projections suggest a potential reduction of over 26% in suitable areas for both species under future climate scenarios, with the most severe decline anticipated in the high‐emission scenario of SSP585. These declines translate into evident habitat fragmentation, particularly impacting A. collaris, whose patches shrink substantially, contrasting with the relatively stable patches of A. albogularis. However, despite their differences, niche overlap analysis reveals an intriguing increase in overlap between the two species, indicating potential ecological shifts. The study underscores the importance of integrating climate change and habitat fragmentation considerations into conservation strategies, urging a reassessment of the IUCN status of A. albogularis. The insights gained from this research are crucial for improving protection measures by ensuring adequate legal safeguards and maintaining ecological corridors between viable habitat patches, which are essential for the conservation of hog badgers across mainland Asia. Furthermore, emphasizing the urgency of proactive efforts, particularly in countries with suitable habitats can help safeguard these small mammalian species and their ecosystems from the detrimental impacts of climate change.
Ecological phage therapy: Can bacteriophages help rapidly restore the soil microbiome?
Authors: Davies Tarryn , Cando‐Dumancela Christian , Liddicoat Craig , Dresken Romy , Damen Rudolf H. , Edwards Robert A. , Ramesh Sunita A. , Breed Martin F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSoil microbiota underpin ecosystem functionality yet are rarely targeted during ecosystem restoration. Soil microbiota recovery following native plant revegetation can take years to decades, while the effectiveness of soil inoculation treatments on microbiomes remains poorly explored. Therefore, innovative restoration treatments that target soil microbiota represent an opportunity to accelerate restoration outcomes. Here, we introduce the concept of ecological phage therapy—the application of phage for the targeted reduction of the most abundant and dominant bacterial taxa present in degraded ecosystems. We propose that naturally occurring bacteriophages—viruses that infect bacteria—could help rapidly shift soil microbiota towards target communities. Bacteriophages sculpt the microbiome by lysis of specific bacteria, and if followed by the addition of reference soil microbiota, such treatments could facilitate rapid reshaping of soil microbiota. Here, we experimentally tested this concept in a pilot study. We collected five replicate pre‐treatment degraded soil samples, then three replicate soil samples 48 hours after phage, bacteria, and control treatments. Bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing showed that phage‐treated soils had reduced bacterial diversity; however, when we combined ecological phage therapy with reference soil inoculation, we did not see a shift in soil bacterial community composition from degraded soil towards a reference‐like community. Our pilot study provides early evidence that ecological phage therapy could help accelerate the reshaping of soil microbiota with the ultimate aim of reducing timeframes for ecosystem recovery. We recommend the next steps for ecological phage therapy be (a) developing appropriate risk assessment and management frameworks, and (b) focussing research effort on its practical application to maximise its accessibility to restoration practitioners.
Impact of antiretroviral therapy during primary HIV infection on T‐cell immunity after treatment interruption
Authors: Tipoe Timothy , Ogbe Ane , Lee Ming , Brown Helen , Robinson Nicola , Hall Rebecca , Petersen Claire , Lewis Heather , Thornhill John , Ryan Fiona , Fox Julie , Fidler Sarah , Frater John 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aims to understand the impact of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV‐specific T‐cell responses measured after treatment interruption, which may inform strategies to deliver ART‐free immune‐mediated viral suppression. HIV‐specific T‐cell immunity was analysed using gamma interferon enzyme‐linked immunospot assays in two studies. SPARTAC included individuals with primary HIV infection randomised to 48 weeks of ART (n = 24) or no immediate therapy (n = 37). The PITCH (n = 7) cohort started antiretroviral therapy in primary infection for at least one year, followed by TI. In SPARTAC, participants treated in PHI for 48 weeks followed by TI for 12 weeks, and those who remained untreated for 60 weeks made similar HIV Gag‐directed responses (both magnitude and breadth) at week 60. However, the treated group made a greater proportion of novel HIV Gag‐directed responses by Week 60, suggestive of a greater reserve to produce new potentially protective responses. In the more intensively followed PITCH study, 6/7 participants showed dominant Gag and/or Pol‐specific responses post‐TI compared with pre‐TI. Although early ART in PHI was not associated with major differences in HIV‐specific immunity following TI compared with untreated participants, the potential to make more new Gag‐directed responses warrants further investigation as this may inform strategies to achieve ART‐free control.