bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vigilados: Surveillance of foreign press correspondents during the Spanish Transition to democracy
Authors: Tulloch Christopher 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article analyses the attempts made by regime authorities – and in particular the Ministry of Information and Tourism (MIT) – to supervise foreign correspondents based in Spain during the months following the death of Franco. It also reveals the professional profile and background of those reporters charged with relaying the Transition and the difficulties they encountered in their coverage of events. The article examines the delicate nature of the foreign reporters’ news agenda in Madrid, analyses their modus operandi and commitment to the story and highlights how these reporters were under constant surveillance by MIT officials in post-Francoist Spain. It concludes by attempting to weigh the contribution of the foreign journalists to Spanish democratic regeneration. The article forms part of a wider research project on the international press and the Transition funded by the Spanish Ministry for Education, which involved field research in Paris, Rome, London, New York and at the Spanish National Archives in Madrid, as well as interviews with surviving foreign correspondents.
Caliphate Expansion and Sociopolitical Change in Nineteenth-Century Lower Benue Hinterlands
Authors: Ochonu Moses 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article analyzes the processes of jihad, migration, and sociopolitical change in the lower Benue hinterlands of nineteenth century central Nigeria. It examines the dynamics at work in the expansion of the territorial, commercial, and symbolic frontiers of the Sokoto caliphate in this sector, as well as the impact commercial and political events spawned by caliphate expansion and consolidation in this area had on the experiences, sociopolitical organization, economies, and institutions of some non-Muslim communities. I explore the nonreligious lives that a religious movement progressively took on as it made its way through this multiethnic, politically diverse region of precolonial central Nigeria, focusing in particular on the experiences of the Agatu, a subset of the Idoma people, with the vagaries of the jihad. The article considers the proactive and reactive responses and adaptations of non-Muslim communities to the intrusions, raids, and demands of Hausa and Fulani Muslims possessing various degrees of caliphate affinities and affiliations. I argue that, although inspired by an expressed desire to construct and extend the frontiers of an ideal Islamic state, the jihad assumed a commercial character in this sector. Characterized by slave raiding and military intrusions, it left profound social and political legacies that those who encountered it had to contend with and adapt to during the tumultuous mid- to late nineteenth century.
Non-relativistic limit in a model of radiative flow
Authors: Nečasová Šárka , Ducomet Bernard 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We consider a “non-relativistic” limit in a model of radiative flow where matter is described by a viscous heat-conducting system
coupled to radiation through the radiative transfer equation.
We prove the convergence of this coupled system toward a compressible Navier–Stokes–Fourier system coupled to a stationary radiative transfer equation.
The Grothendieck–Teichmüller group action on differential forms and formality morphisms of chains
Authors: Willwacher Thomas 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
It is known that one can associate a Kontsevich-type formality morphism to every Drinfeld associator.
In the present paper, we show that this morphism may be extended to a Kontsevich–Shoikhet formality morphism of cochains and chains, by describing the action of the Grothendieck–Teichmüller group on such objects (up to homotopy).
Custom Lithium Niobate Transducer Arrays for Detecting Material Distribution of Hybrid Workpieces
Authors: Saalbach Kai-Alexander , Wurz Marc Christopher , Twiefel Jens , Rissing Lutz , Wallaschek Jörg 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Ultrasonic non-destructive testing is presented as a method to determine differences in material distribution at elevated temperatures in hybrid workpieces made of different metals. Varying material distribution causes differences in transit time and can be detected by ultrasonic transit time measurements. Therefore, custom transducers are manufactured to perform transit time measurements on hybrid workpieces. Results of these measurements are shown.
Designer peptide delivery systems for gene therapy
Authors: Loughran Stephen Patrick , McCrudden Cian Michael , McCarthy Helen Olga 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGene therapy has long been hailed as a revolutionary approach for the treatment of genetic diseases. The enthusiasm that greeted the harnessing of viruses for therapeutic DNA delivery has been tempered by concerns over safety. These concerns led to the development of alternative strategies for nucleic acid delivery to cells. One such strategy is the utilization of cationic peptides for the condensation of therapeutic DNA for delivery to its target. However, success of DNA as a therapy relies on its delivery to the nucleus of target cells, a process that is complicated by the many hurdles encountered following systemic administration. Non-viral peptide gene delivery strategies have sought inspiration from viruses in order to retain DNA delivering potency, but limit virulence. This review summarizes the progression of peptide-based DNA delivery systems, from rudimentary beginnings to the recent development of sophisticated multi-functional vectors that comprise distinct motifs with dedicated barrier evasion functions. The most promising peptides that achieve cell membrane permeabilization, endosomal escape and nuclear delivery are discussed.
On finite subgroups of the classical groups
Authors: Collins Michael J. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In 1878, Jordan showed that a finite subgroup of

GL
(
n
,
ℂ
)

${\operatorname{GL}(n,\mathbb {C})}$

must possess an abelian normal subgroup whose index
is bounded by a function of n alone. In previous papers, the author obtained
optimal bounds; in particular, a generic bound

(
n
+
1
)
!

${(n+1)!}$

was obtained when

n
≥
71

${n\ge 71}$

, achieved by the symmetric group S

n+1. In this paper,
analogous bounds are obtained for the finite subgroups of the complex
symplectic and orthogonal groups. In the case of

Sp
(
2
n
,
ℂ
)

${\operatorname{Sp}(2n,\mathbb {C})}$

the
optimal bound is

(
60
)

n

·
n
!

${(60)^{n}\cdot n!}$

, achieved by the wreath product

SL
2

(
5
)

wr

S
n

${\operatorname{SL}_{2}(5)\operatorname{wr}S_{n}}$

acting naturally on the direct sum of n 2-dimensional spaces; for the orthogonal groups

O
(
n
,
ℂ
)

${\mathrm {O}(n,\mathbb {C})}$

, the
generic linear group bound of

(
n
+
1
)
!

${(n+1)!}$

is achieved as soon as

n
≥
25

${n\ge 25}$

.
Nitrogen and Silicon Defect Incorporation during Homoepitaxial CVD Diamond Growth on (111) Surfaces
Authors: Moore Samuel L. , Vohra Yogesh K. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTChemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) diamond growth on (111)-diamond surfaces has received increased attention lately because of the use of N-V related centers in quantum computing as well as application of these defect centers in sensing nano-Tesla strength magnetic fields. We have carried out a detailed study of homoepitaxial diamond deposition on (111)-single crystal diamond (SCD) surfaces using a 1.2 kW microwave plasma CVD (MPCVD) system employing methane/hydrogen/nitrogen/oxygen gas phase chemistry. We have utilized Type Ib (111)-oriented single crystal diamonds as seed crystals in our study. The homoepitaxially grown diamond films were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The nitrogen concentration in the plasma was carefully varied between 0 and 1500 ppm while a ppm level of silicon impurity is present in the plasma from the quartz bell jar. The concentration of N-V defect centers with PL zero phonon lines (ZPL) at 575nm and 637nm and the Si-defect center with a ZPL at 737nm were experimentally detected from a variation in CVD growth conditions and were quantitatively studied. Altering nitrogen and oxygen concentration in the plasma was observed to directly affect N-V and Si-defect incorporation into the (111)-oriented diamond lattice and these findings are presented.
French Studies on the Development of Potential Conditioning Matrices for Iodine 129
Authors: Campayo Lionel , Audubert Fabienne , Lartigue Jean-Eric , Courtois-Manara Eglantine , Le Gallet Sophie , Bernard Frédéric , Lemesle Thomas , Mear François O. , Montagne Lionel , Coulon Antoine , Laurencin Danielle , Grandjean Agnès , Rossignol Sylvie 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTSince 1991, in France, studies on the conditioning of iodine were carried out to assess the potential of several specific inorganic host matrices. The apatite family has been mainly studied because of its good chemical durability and its ability to confine iodine over geological time scales. A lead-bearing apatite, Pb10(VO4)4.8(PO4)1.2I2, and a calcium-bearing apatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2-x(IO3)x, were selected on the basis of their incorporation rate (between 7 and 10 wt.%) and a satisfactory resistance to leaching (V0(50 °C, pure water) ∼ 10-2 g.m-2.d-1; Vr(50 °C, pure water) < 10-4 g.m-2.d-1). However, with such materials, the removal of open porosity requires non conventional sintering techniques like spark plasma sintering to decrease the surface exposed to water. This is why, in parallel, other matrices, like silver phosphate glasses, have also been investigated. To improve the chemical durability and thermal properties of these glasses, cross-linking reagents were added to their formulation.
Deep Borehole Disposal Research: What have we learned from numerical modeling and what can we learn?
Authors: Travis Karl P , Gibb Fergus G F 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTGeological disposal of HLW and spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in very deep boreholes is a concept whose time has come. The alternative – disposal in a mined, engineered repository is beset with difficulties not least of which are the constraints placed upon the engineered barriers by the high thermal loading. The deep borehole concept offers a potentially safer, faster and more cost-effective solution. Despite this, international interest has been slow to materialize, largely due to perceived problems with retrievability and uncertainty about the ability to drill accurate vertical holes with diameters greater than 0.5 m to a depth of 4-5 km. The closure of Yucca Mountain and the subsequent recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Commission have lead to a renewed interest in deep borehole disposal (DBD) and the US DoE has commissioned Sandia National Labs, working with industrial and academic partners (including the University of Sheffield), to undertake a program of R&D leading to a demonstration borehole being drilled somewhere in the continental USA by 2016.In this paper, we focus on some of the key safety and engineering features of DBD including methods of sealing the boreholes, sealing and support matrices for the waste packages. Numerical modeling has, and continues to play, a significant role in expanding and validating the DBD concept. We report on progress in the use of modeling in the above contexts, paying particular attention to constraints on the engineering materials resulting from high heat loading.
Creep and drying shrinkage of a blended slag and low calcium fly ash geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Castel A. , Foster S. J. , Ng T. , Sanjayan J. G. , Gilbert R. I. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to study the time dependent behaviour of a geopolymer concrete. The geopolymer binder is composed of 85.2 % of low calcium fly ash and only 14.8 % of ground granulated blast furnace slag. Both drying shrinkage and creep are studied. In addition, different curing conditions at elevated temperature were used. All experimental results were compared to predictions made using the Eurocode 2. The curing regime plays an important role in the magnitude and development of both creep and drying shrinkage of class F fly ash based geopolymer concrete. A minimum of 3 days at 40 °C or 1 day at 80 °C is required to obtain final drying shrinkage strains similar to or less than those adopted by Eurocode 2 for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete. Creep strains were similar or less than those predicted by Eurocode 2 for OPC concrete when the geopolymer concrete was cured for 3 days at 40 °C. After 7 days at 80 °C, creep strains became negligible.
Respuesta de las plantas a estrés por inundación. Una revisión
Authors: Jiménez S. Juan de la Cruz , Moreno F. Liz Patricia , Magnitskiy Stanislav 
Published: March 2015

La inundación tiene un efecto negativo sobre la mayoría de plantas terrestres debido a que reduce su crecimiento e induce la senescencia. La deficiencia de oxígeno, efecto principal de la inundación, cambia el metabolismo de la planta induciendo la vía anaeróbica o fermentativa como mecanismo alterno, aunque poco eficiente para la producción de energía. Igualmente el déficit de oxígeno aumenta la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), tanto en la mitocondria como en el cloroplasto. Como respuesta al incremento de ROS hay un aumento en el sistema de defensa antioxidante de la planta, el cual es considerado, junto con la inducción de la vía fermentativa, como una respuesta a corto plazo. Cuando la planta está sometida a largos periodos de inundación se presentan, adicionalmente, cambios morfológicos, como la formación de aerénquima, los cuales son considerados respuestas a largo plazo. En este artículo se revisan las respuestas, tanto a corto como a largo plazo, de las plantas a la condición de estrés hídrico por inundación.
Trenching of Pipelines for Protection in Ice Environments
Authors: Paulin Michael , Humby Damien , Cocker Joseph , Lanan Glenn 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Subsea pipelines located in ice environments need to be protected from potential ice gouging (also known as ice scouring) created when a moving ice keel interacts with the seabed. The integrity and operability of the pipeline can be affected by direct contact between the ice keel and the pipeline, or from loading imposed on the pipeline through soil deformation caused by ice gouging. The typical method considered for protecting against the risk of damage caused by ice gouging is through pipeline burial.
Conventional methods of pipeline burial use equipment such as ploughs, mechanical trenchers, and jetters, the majority of which have been designed to accomplish a maximum of 2 to 3 m of pipeline burial. Dredges can be used, but they have water depth limitations and limited productivity. Land-based equipment has been used for shore crossings, but is limited to shallow depths where temporary construction berms can be used as a working platform.
The capabilities of existing technologies are based on current industry practice developed for pipeline burial in ice-free environments. Pipeline burial requirements have generally been for improved hydrodynamic stability, mechanical protection (e.g., from anchors), controlling pipeline movements (e.g., expansion and buckling) and/or for flow-assurance purposes (reducing heat loss). A 2- to 3-m burial depth has been generally adequate to satisfy these conventional requirements. As developments are proposed for areas that experience relatively deep ice gouging (up to 5 m), burial depth requirements will exceed the capabilities of current pipeline burial technologies. New technologies capable of working in deeper water, achieving greater burial depths, achieving reasonable trenching advance rates, operating in harsh environments, and trenching through variable and difficult seabed soils will be required.
This paper highlights the issues and challenges surrounding pipeline trenching and burial in ice-gouge environments. The current state of practice is discussed along with the technology gaps that need to be addressed to prepare for future offshore developments in ice-covered waters where there is the potential for seabed ice gouging.
Assessment of Deliverability of a Natural-Gas-Gathering and -Production System: Development of an Integrated Reservoir/Surface Model
Authors: Alexis Dennis A. , Ayala Luis 
Published: March 2015

Summary
The present work describes the development of a 1D steady-state isothermal reservoir/surface gas-pipeline-network model. The model was developed by combining the reservoir with surface-facility description parameters to capture effectively the variations in reservoir flow dynamics with changes in surface-network operating conditions. The developed model is an extension of the general pipeline-network model in which the deliverability from the wells is calculated in addition to the nodal pressures and gas flows in different pipe sections in the system on the basis of a set of operating conditions. Validation of the developed model was acheived through history matching with field data obtained from a currently operating gas-gathering and -transportation network in the northeastern USA. After successful validation, the model was used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate "what if" scenarios to identify the pressure and deliverability changes that can happen in the network. On the basis of the model predictions, recommendations were made to the operator in terms of total production, total sales, and fuel consumed by the compressors present in the network. This integrated-modeling approach helped in analyzing the system response as a whole and gave good insight into how the well shut-in pressures used in the model had a significant impact on the deliverability predictions.
Inaccuracy in Pipeline-Compressor-Station Construction-Cost Estimation
Authors: Rui Zhenhua , Metz Paul A. , Chen Gang , Zhou Xiyu , Wang Xiaoqing 
Published: March 2015

Summary
The intent of this paper is to investigate installed cost overruns ofpipeline-compressor-station projects. A total of 220pipeline-compressor-station projects constructed between 1992 and 2008 havebeen collected, including material, labor, and miscellaneous, land, and totalinstalled costs; and compressor-station capacity; location; and year ofcompletion. Statistical methods are applied to identify the distribution ofcost overruns and overrun causes. Overall average overruns ofpipeline-compressor-station material, labor, miscellaneous, land, and totalcosts are 3, 60, 2, -14, and 11%, respectively. Cost estimations ofcompressor-station-construction components are biased except for the materialcost. In addition, the cost-estimation errors of underestimatedcompressor-station-construction components are generally larger than those ofoverestimated components. Results of the analysis show that compressor-stationproject size, capacity, location, and year of completion have different impactson individual construction component cost overruns.
An Evaluation of Risk of Hydrate Formation at the Top of a Pipeline
Authors: Nazeri Mahmoud , Tohidi Bahman , Chapoy Antonin 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Water condensation and/or hydrate formation at the top of pipelines are serious design/operation considerations in pipelines with stratified flow. Water condensation could result in top-of-the-line corrosion, particularly in sour-gas systems. Hydrate formation is believed to be another serious risk if the inhibitor in the aqueous phase cannot protect against hydrate formation at the top of the pipeline. In this paper, we report the results of some preliminary tests conducted in a new experimental setup constructed for investigating gas-hydrate risks in various operational scenarios (e.g., top of pipelines, deadlegs/jumpers, startups, shutdowns). The reported three series of tests conducted in the new experimental setup address hydrate-formation risks at the top of pipelines or deadlegs caused by temperature gradient, and the risk of hydrate formation in the gas phase in the presence of kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHI) during pipeline cool down and startup. The results provide a better evaluation of the risks involved in various systems and provide guidelines for avoiding the associated problems.
Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based Study of an Oilfield Separator--Part I: A Realistic Simulation
Authors: Pourahmadi Laleh Ali , Svrcek William Y. , Monnery Wayne 
Published: March 2015

Summary
A realistic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of a field three-phase separator has been developed. This realistic CFD simulation provides an understanding of both the microscopic and macroscopic features of the three-phase separation phenomenon. For simulation purposes, an efficient combination of two multiphase models of the commercial CFD software, Fluent 6.3.26 (ANSYS 2006a), was implemented. The flow-distributing baffles and wire mesh demister were also modeled using the porous media model. Furthermore, a useful approach to estimating the particle size distribution in oilfield separators was developed. The simulated fluid-flow profiles are realistic and the predicted separation efficiencies are consistent with oilfield experience.
A Simplified Mechanistic Model for an Oil/Water Horizontal Pipe Separator
Authors: Pereyra Eduardo , Mohan Ram S. , Shoham Ovadia 
Published: March 2015

Summary
A new methodology for oil/water horizontal pipe separator (HPS) design and performance prediction is developed. The separator diameter is determined on the basis of oil/water flow-pattern prediction. A batch separator model is adopted and modified for pipe flow to predict the separator length for achieving a desired separation quality. An experimental program is carried out to validate the proposed model.