bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between food literacy and dietary intake in adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Vaitkeviciute Rimante , Ball Lauren E , Harris Neil 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the evidence on the association between food literacy and adolescents’ dietary intake.DesignThe review included searches of six databases with no restriction on the year of publication or language.SettingThe studies eligible for review were from five countries/regions: USA (n 6), Europe (n 4), Australia (n 1), Middle East (n 1) and South Africa (n 1).SubjectsAdolescents aged 10 to 19 years.ResultsThirteen studies were eligible for inclusion. None of the studies investigated all aspects of food literacy. Eight studies reported a positive association between food literacy and adolescents’ dietary intake. For example, adolescents with greater food knowledge and frequent food preparation behaviours were shown to have healthier dietary practices. Three studies found a mixed association of food literacy and adolescents’ dietary intake. For example, adolescents who frequently helped to prepare dinner had healthier dietary intake, but food shopping tasks were associated with less healthy food choices. Two studies found no association between measures of food literacy and adolescents’ dietary intake.ConclusionsFood literacy may play a role in shaping adolescents’ dietary intake. More rigorous research methods are required to effectively assess the causality between food literacy and adolescents’ dietary intake in order to confirm the extent of the relationship. Evidence recommends public health practitioners and policy makers consider new public health strategies that focus on increasing understanding of food literacy in adolescence.
Morphological and Performance Measures of Polyurethane Foams Using X-Ray CT and Mechanical Testing
Authors: Patterson Brian M. , Henderson Kevin , Gilbertson Robert D. , Tornga Stephanie , Cordes Nikolaus L. , Chavez Manuel E. , Smith Zachary 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMeso-scale structure in polymeric foams determines the mechanical properties of the material. Density variations, even more than variations in the anisotropic void structure, can greatly vary the compressive and tensile response of the material. With their diverse use as both a structural material and space filler, polyurethane (PU) foams are widely studied. In this manuscript, quantitative measures of the density and anisotropic structure are provided by using micro X-ray computed tomography (microCT) to better understand the results of mechanical testing. MicroCT illustrates the variation in the density, cell morphology, size, shape, and orientation in different regions in blown foam due to the velocity profile near the casting surface. “Interrupted” in situ imaging of the material during compression of these sub-regions indicates the pathways of the structural response to the mechanical load and the changes in cell morphology as a result. It is found that molded PU foam has a 6 mm thick “skin” of higher density and highly eccentric morphological structure that leads to wide variations in mechanical performance depending upon sampling location. This comparison is necessary to understand the mechanical performance of the anisotropic structure.
Validation of the Family Inventory of Needs (FIN) for family caregivers in palliative care
Authors: Schur Sophie , Neubauer Marie , Amering Michaela , Ebert-Vogel Alexandra , Masel Eva Katharina , Sibitz Ingrid , Watzke Herbert , Schrank Beate 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjective:Caregivers of cancer patients are faced with significant demands that can seriously impact their physical and mental health. It is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of caregivers' support needs in order for these to be adequately addressed. Our study develops a German version of the Family Inventory of Needs (FIN) and provides a comprehensive evaluation of its acceptability and psychometric properties.Method:Cross-sectional data from 308 participants were taken from the baseline assessment of an ongoing prospective study. Retests were completed by 46 participants approximately one week after baseline. Informal caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients were recruited from three hospitals in Vienna. Questionnaires for hope (IHS), traumatic stress (IES–R), and depression and anxiety (HADS) were employed together with the translated FIN to assess concurrent and discriminant validity.Results:The internal consistency of FIN–Importance had a Cronbach's α of 0.94, and that for FIN–Fulfillment was α = 0.96. Retest reliability for FIN–Importance was r = 0.97, while that for FIN–Fulfillment could not be calculated due to missing responses to this subscale. Concurrent and discriminant validity tests for the scale and the discriminative power of items were adequate. However, missing responses may limit the feasibility of using this scale in research settings. We identified six questions that could be excluded from the scale in order to increase its acceptability and further improve its psychometric properties.Significance of results:Our results suggest that the FIN is suitable for clinical settings. For use in research, we suggest four adaptations to increase the scale's acceptability and psychometric properties. The FIN can be a valuable tool for informing the emotional, physical, and psychological support provided to family carers of people who are terminally ill with cancer.
Family caregivers voice their needs: A photovoice study
Authors: Angelo Jennifer , Egan Richard 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjective:Caregivers often are unprepared for their role yet serve as the frontline in the provision of palliative care services. The aim of our study was to explore family caregivers' experiences from their perspective as they cared for dying relatives.Method:Using the Photovoice methodology, ten unpaid family caregivers took photographs depicting issues they experienced as informal caregivers of an ill family member who had less than a year to live. Each participant met with the first author individually four to six times and explained their role as caregiver through photographs and stories.Results:The results were clustered into seven themes: physical demands, emotional/spiritual stress, preparing for the future, securing help, medication management, navigating the agencies, and relationships.Significance of results:Caregivers perform a variety of tasks, often under stress. This study highlights the main areas where problems lie and the areas that palliative care health professionals need to be aware of so they can assist and educate caregivers, with the goal of finding solutions to the burdens of care. The themes were found to be intertwined, showing the complexity of the caregiving role.
Hydrogenase-independent uptake and metabolism of electrons by the archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis
Authors: Lohner Svenja T , Deutzmann Jörg S , Logan Bruce E , Leigh John , Spormann Alfred M 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Direct, shuttle-free uptake of extracellular, cathode-derived electrons has been postulated as a novel mechanism of electron metabolism in some prokaryotes that may also be involved in syntrophic electron transport between two microorganisms. Experimental proof for direct uptake of cathodic electrons has been mostly indirect and has been based on the absence of detectable concentrations of molecular hydrogen. However, hydrogen can be formed as a transient intermediate abiotically at low cathodic potentials (&lt;−414 mV) under conditions of electromethanogenesis. Here we provide genetic evidence for hydrogen-independent uptake of extracellular electrons. Methane formation from cathodic electrons was observed in a wild-type strain of the methanogenic archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis as well as in a hydrogenase-deletion mutant lacking all catabolic hydrogenases, indicating the presence of a hydrogenase-independent mechanism of electron catabolism. In addition, we discovered a new route for hydrogen or formate production from cathodic electrons: Upon chemical inhibition of methanogenesis with 2-bromo-ethane sulfonate, hydrogen or formate accumulated in the bioelectrochemical cells instead of methane. These results have implications for our understanding on the diversity of microbial electron uptake and metabolism.
Recovery and resilience of tropical forests after disturbance
Authors: Cole Lydia E. S. , Bhagwat Shonil A. , Willis Katherine J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe time taken for forested tropical ecosystems to re-establish post-disturbance is of widespread interest. Yet to date there has been no comparative study across tropical biomes to determine rates of forest re-growth, and how they vary through space and time. Here we present results from a meta-analysis of palaeoecological records that use fossil pollen as a proxy for vegetation change over the past 20,000 years. A total of 283 forest disturbance and recovery events, reported in 71 studies, are identified across four tropical regions. Results indicate that forests in Central America and Africa generally recover faster from past disturbances than those in South America and Asia, as do forests exposed to natural large infrequent disturbances compared with post-climatic and human impacts. Results also demonstrate that increasing frequency of disturbance events at a site through time elevates recovery rates, indicating a degree of resilience in forests exposed to recurrent past disturbance.
Acoustic and Perceptual Effects of Left–Right Laryngeal Asymmetries Based on Computational Modeling
Authors: Samlan Robin A. , Story Brad H. , Lotto Andrew J. , Bunton Kate 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
Computational modeling was used to examine the consequences of 5 different laryngeal asymmetries on acoustic and perceptual measures of vocal function.

Method
A kinematic vocal fold model was used to impose 5 laryngeal asymmetries: adduction, edge bulging, nodal point ratio, amplitude of vibration, and starting phase. Thirty /a/ and /ɪ/ vowels were generated for each asymmetry and analyzed acoustically using cepstral peak prominence (CPP), harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), and 3 measures of spectral slope (H1*-H2*, B0-B1, and B0-B2). Twenty listeners rated voice quality for a subset of the productions.

Results

Increasingly asymmetric adduction, bulging, and nodal point ratio explained significant variance in perceptual rating (
R
2
= .05,
p
< .001). The same factors resulted in generally decreasing CPP, HNR, and B0-B2 and in increasing B0-B1. Of the acoustic measures, only CPP explained significant variance in perceived quality (
R
2
= .14,
p
< .001). Increasingly asymmetric amplitude of vibration or starting phase minimally altered vocal function or voice quality.

Conclusion
Asymmetries of adduction, bulging, and nodal point ratio drove acoustic measures and perception in the current study, whereas asymmetric amplitude of vibration and starting phase demonstrated minimal influence on the acoustic signal or voice quality.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170459
Consensus and stratification in the affective meaning of human sociality
Authors: Ambrasat Jens , von Scheve Christian , Conrad Markus , Schauenburg Gesche , Schröder Tobias 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Humans use affective meanings of concepts as a source of information to automatically align social perceptions and behaviors with prevailing norms. Cohesive societies therefore require broad agreement on such meanings. Past research has yielded paradoxical findings. On the one hand, meanings of social concepts vary within societies, as evidenced by different lifestyles, values, and ideologies. On the other hand, studies have revealed considerable intracultural consensus and stability in affective meanings. However, such studies have been based on small and selective samples, seriously limiting our knowledge on the relative importance of consensus versus social stratification. Our large-scale study in German society fills this void, thus enhancing our understanding of the affective basis of social integration versus disintegration.
Relating the metatranscriptome and metagenome of the human gut
Authors: Franzosa Eric A. , Morgan Xochitl C. , Segata Nicola , Waldron Levi , Reyes Joshua , Earl Ashlee M. , Giannoukos Georgia , Boylan Matthew R. , Ciulla Dawn , Gevers Dirk , Izard Jacques , Garrett Wendy S. , Chan Andrew T. , Huttenhower Curtis 
Published: May 2014

SignificanceRecent years have seen incredible growth in both the scale and specificity of projects analyzing the microbial organisms living in and on the human body (the human microbiome). Such studies typically require subjects to report to clinics for sample collection, a complicated practice that is impractical for large studies. To address these issues, we developed a protocol that allows subjects to collect microbiome samples at home and ship them to laboratories for multiple different types of molecular analysis. Measurements of microbial species, gene, and gene transcript composition within self-collected samples were consistent across sampling methods. In addition, our subsequent analysis of these samples revealed interesting similarities and differences between the measured functional potential and functional activity of the human microbiome.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
FtsX extracellular domain activates the peptidoglycan hydrolase, RipC
Authors: Mavrici Daniela , Marakalala Mohlopheni J. , Holton James M. , Prigozhin Daniil M. , Gee Christine L. , Zhang Yanjia J. , Rubin Eric J. , Alber Tom 
Published: May 2014

Significance
During growth and division, bacterial cells partition the cell wall to daughter cells, but the “inside-out” signals that regulate peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolysis are not well understood. Our studies of mycobacterial proteins achieve in vitro reconstitution of the regulation of the PG hydrolase, RipC, by the FtsX extracellular domain (ECD), a ubiquitous transmembrane component of the divisome. RipC control is remarkable for the enormous conformational change encompassing the N- and C-terminal domains. The FtsX–ECD crystal structure shows not only the RipC binding site—which we confirm in vitro and in vivo—but also the flexibility of the site that provides a potential basis to control RipC affinity. Our results expand and sharpen the FtsX paradigm for regulation of PG hydrolysis.
Superoxide dismutase deficiency impairs olfactory sexual signaling and alters bioenergetic function in mice
Authors: Garratt Michael , Pichaud Nicolas , Glaros Elias N. , Kee Anthony John , Brooks Robert C. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Oxidative stress is expected to restrict investment in life history traits, including sexual signals used to attract mates. However, evidence supporting this prediction remains equivocal. We utilized superoxide dismutase knockout mice to provide, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence that oxidative stress impairs investment in important sexual signals, in this case major urinary protein pheromones with a well-established role in mate attraction. When males were housed in a competitive social environment, further morphological impairments in sexual signaling were revealed (through smaller preputial glands). Impairments in bioenergetic function, not previously known in this mouse model, also became apparent, highlighting how changes in the housing environment of model organisms can reveal previously undiscovered traits of interest.
Insulin regulates carboxypeptidase E by modulating translation initiation scaffolding protein eIF4G1 in pancreatic β cells
Authors: Liew Chong Wee , Assmann Anke , Templin Andrew T. , Raum Jeffrey C. , Lipson Kathryn L. , Rajan Sindhu , Qiang Guifen , Hu Jiang , Kawamori Dan , Lindberg Iris , Philipson Louis H. , Sonenberg Nahum , Goldfine Allison B. , Stoffers Doris A. , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Urano Fumihiko , Kulkarni Rohit N. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Elevated circulating proinsulin and a poor biological response to insulin are observed early in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide association studies have recently identified genes associated with proinsulin processing, and clinical observations suggest that elevated proinsulin and its intermediates are markers of dysfunctional insulin-secreting β cells. Here, we propose a previously unidentified mechanism in the regulation of an enzyme that is involved in proinsulin processing called carboxypeptidase E (CPE). Disruption of insulin signaling in β cells reduces expression of a scaffolding protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1, that is required for the initiation of translation and occurs via regulation of two transcription factors, namely, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. Together, these effects lead to reduced levels of CPE protein and poor proinsulin processing in β cells.
Shotgun glycomics of pig lung identifies natural endogenous receptors for influenza viruses
Authors: Byrd-Leotis Lauren , Liu Renpeng , Bradley Konrad C. , Lasanajak Yi , Cummings Sandra F. , Song Xuezheng , Heimburg-Molinaro Jamie , Galloway Summer E. , Culhane Marie R. , Smith David F. , Steinhauer David A. , Cummings Richard D. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Studies using novel “shotgun glycan microarray” technology identify, for the first time to our knowledge, the endogenous receptors for influenza viruses from a natural host, the pig. Libraries of total N-glycans from pig lung were probed for binding properties using a panel of influenza viruses isolated from humans, birds, and swine. Natural glycan receptors were identified for all viruses examined, and although some displayed the rather broad α2,3 or α2,6 sialic acid linkage specificity conventionally associated with avian or human viruses, other strains were highly specific, revealing a complexity that has not been demonstrated previously. Because pigs are often implicated as intermediate hosts for pandemic viruses, these results and the approaches described will transform our understanding of influenza host range, transmission, and pathogenicity.
Local photic entrainment of the retinal circadian oscillator in the absence of rods, cones, and melanopsin
Authors: Buhr Ethan D. , Van Gelder Russell N. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
The physiology of the mammalian retina is governed by a molecular circadian clock. The retina is also the sole photoreceptive tissue for the synchronization of the master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), to light/dark cycles. The SCN synchronizes the phases of peripheral clocks throughout the body. It is unknown whether the retina is entrained by the SCN, or is directly entrained by light/dark signals. We report that the retinal circadian clock synchronizes directly to light/dark cycles, independent of the SCN phase. Unexpectedly, the retina uses photoreceptors distinct from those used for circadian photoreception or vision for this entrainment.
Anomalies in bulk supercooled water at negative pressure
Authors: Pallares Gaël , El Mekki Azouzi Mouna , González Miguel A. , Aragones Juan L. , Abascal José L. F. , Valeriani Chantal , Caupin Frédéric 
Published: May 2014

Significance

Water is the most familiar liquid, and arguably the most complex. Anomalies of supercooled water have been measured during decades, and competing interpretations proposed. Yet, a decisive experiment remains elusive, because of unavoidable crystallization into ice. We investigate the state of water that is both supercooled and under mechanical tension, or negative pressure. Liquids under negative pressure can be found in plants or fluid inclusions in minerals. Using such water inclusions in quartz, we report, to our knowledge, the first measurements on doubly metastable water down to −15°C and around

−
100

M
P
a

. We observe sound velocity anomalies that can be reproduced quantitatively with molecular dynamics simulations. These results suggest the possibility to rule out two proposed scenarios for water anomalies, and put further constraints on the remaining ones.
Dynamic JUNQ inclusion bodies are asymmetrically inherited in mammalian cell lines through the asymmetric partitioning of vimentin
Authors: Ogrodnik Mikołaj , Salmonowicz Hanna , Brown Rachel , Turkowska Joanna , Średniawa Władysław , Pattabiraman Sundararaghavan , Amen Triana , Abraham Ayelet-chen , Eichler Noam , Lyakhovetsky Roman , Kaganovich Daniel 
Published: May 2014

Significance
We show, for the first time to our knowledge, that vimentin intermediate filaments establish mitotic polarity in dividing mammalian cell lines. By confining damaged, misfolded, and aggregated proteins in JUNQ inclusion bodies, vimentin mediates their asymmetric partitioning during division. We also, to our knowledge, provide the first direct evidence of active proteasomal degradation in dynamic JUNQ inclusion bodies. This work sheds light on an important rejuvenation mechanism in mammalian cells and provides new biological insight into the role of inclusion bodies in regulating aggregation, toxicity, and aging.
Dynamics of spontaneous flipping of a mismatched base in DNA duplex
Authors: Yin Yandong , Yang Lijiang , Zheng Guanqun , Gu Chan , Yi Chengqi , He Chuan , Gao Yi Qin , Zhao Xin Sheng 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Spontaneous flipping of a single DNA base to an extrahelical position is a fundamental issue in DNA biophysics. The dynamics of such spontaneous flipping of a lesion or mismatched base is an important biophysical feature of DNA to discriminate damaged base from normal Watson–Crick paired ones. It is therefore closely related to repair enzymes' function to recognize base lesions, a mechanism on which almost all organisms rely to maintain their genome integrity. However, it has remained challenging to obtain reliable thermodynamics and kinetics data on this process. By developing experimental and theoretical techniques, we determined the free energy and rates of DNA spontaneous base flipping, providing further insights into its molecular mechanism.
Structure of the pseudokinase–kinase domains from protein kinase TYK2 reveals a mechanism for Janus kinase (JAK) autoinhibition
Authors: Lupardus Patrick J. , Ultsch Mark , Wallweber Heidi , Bir Kohli Pawan , Johnson Adam R. , Eigenbrot Charles 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Cytokine signaling is essential for cell growth, hematopoiesis, and immune system function. Cytokine-mediated receptor dimerization induces intracellular activation of receptor-bound Janus kinases (JAKs), which then induce downstream transcriptional responses. We have determined a two-domain crystal structure containing the pseudokinase and kinase domains from the JAK family member TYK2, which identifies an inhibitory interaction interface between the two domains. Cancer-associated mutations found in other JAK family members map to this inhibitory interaction site, whereas analogous mutations in TYK2 cause in vitro activation of the kinase. This study identifies a mechanism for pseudokinase-mediated autoinhibition of the TYK2 kinase domain and suggests a means by which cancer-associated JAK mutations induce aberrant kinase activity.
Polarization of IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (IRT1) to the plant-soil interface plays crucial role in metal homeostasis
Authors: Barberon Marie , Dubeaux Guillaume , Kolb Cornelia , Isono Erika , Zelazny Enric , Vert Grégory 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Plants take up iron from the soil by using a broad spectrum transporter named IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (IRT1). IRT1 mediates influx of potentially toxic elements such as manganese, zinc, cobalt, and cadmium. We uncovered that the localization at the cell surface of IRT1 is directly controlled by its secondary toxic substrates. When these metals are found at low levels in soils, IRT1 is located at the plasma membrane in a polar fashion facing the soil. We identified a lipid-binding protein recruited to endosomes that controls IRT1's dynamics and polarity, and plays an important role in the radial transport of metals. Altogether, our work points to an unexpected mode of radial transport of iron toward vascular tissues involving efflux transporters.