bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ professional autonomy and attitudes toward caring for dying patients in South-East Iran
Authors: Iranmanesh Sedigheh , Razban Farideh , Nejad Afsaneh Tabasi , Ghazanfari Zahra 
Published: June 2014

Background: Nurses in Iran have been found to have less professional autonomy than nurses in Western countries. Professional autonomy is important, affecting nurses’ caring behaviour and attitudes. Aim: This study aimed to examine the correlation between the professional autonomy of oncology and intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in the south-east of Iran and their attitudes toward the care of dying patients. Methods: 155 oncology and ICU nurses in three hospitals supervised by Kerman University of Medical Sciences completed the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD) and Pankratz Nursing Questionnaire (PNQ) tools during April–June 2013. Results: The participants had a neutral to moderately positive mean attitude toward caring for dying patients (mean=3.18±0.37 out of 5) and moderate professional autonomy (mean=3.08±0.33 out of 5). There was a significant positive correlation between total scores on professional autonomy and total scores on attitudes toward caring for dying patients. There was also a significant positive correlation between the PNQ subscale of ‘patients’ rights’ and attitudes toward caring for dying patients. Conclusions: Autonomy could be an important component of nurses’ attitudes toward caring for dying patients. To improve nurses’ autonomy, nursing education in end-of-life care in Iran must be improved. Other factors relating to autonomy and attitudes specific to the Iranian context should also be considered.
Pre-pregnancy obesity compromises obstetric and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Hancke Katharina , Gundelach Theresa , Hay Birgit , Sander Sylvia , Reister Frank , Weiss Jürgen M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Objective: Obesity is an important issue among fertile women as it may affect obstetric and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: Obstetric and neonatal outcomes of primiparous women were retrospectively analyzed in non-obese (n=11387) and obese (n=943) women. A subgroup analysis was performed in obese women divided into three groups: Grade I obesity (Group A, n=654), Grade II obesity (Group B, n=192), and Grade III obesity (Group C, n=97). Odds ratios (OR) were expressed with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results: The incidence of gestational diabetes (non-obese, 1.9%; obese, 7.6%; Group C, 19.6%) and preeclampsia (non-obese, 3.3%; obese, 13.5%; Group C, 17.5%) increased with rising weight. The risk of non-elective cesarean section was significantly higher in obese women than in non-obese women (21.7% vs. 13.2%). The risk of extreme preterm birth (before 28 weeks of gestation) doubled in the Grade I obesity group (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4–3.2) and nearly tripled in women with body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.7–4.9).

Conclusion: Pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with higher incidences of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. Our study shows that obese women have a higher risk of non-elective cesarean section and preterm birth.
Neuroscience of synesthesia and cross-modal associations
Authors: Neckar Marcel , Bob Petr 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Synesthesia is a condition in which stimulation of one sensory modality causes unusual experiences in a different, unstimulated modality. Recent findings suggest that research on synesthesia offers a unique opportunity to study the neural basis of subjective experiences in healthy and pathological brains. This review summarizes and reflects current knowledge concerning synesthesia in its various aspects, including its cognitive, neural, and behavioral aspects. In this context, recent data suggest new connections between specific conditions related to synesthesic mechanisms and association processes linked to construction of synesthetic cross-modal metaphors that may play a role in psychopathological thinking and imagination.
The Uru of Ch'imu: an investigation of Walter Lehmann's material
Authors: Hannß Katja 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper, I will describe and discuss the extinct Uru variety of Ch'imu/Lake Titicaca (Peru), as documented by the German researcher Walter Lehmann (1878–1939). To this purpose, I will compare the Ch'imu Uru to the closely related varieties of Irohito Uru and Chipaya (both Bolivia), relying on archival material and previous studies. The topics I will take into consideration include phonological and etymological features as well as grammatical markers and constructions, such as e.g. personal and possessive pronouns and negation. Based on the findings of my investigation, I will critically discuss the utility of Lehmann's Ch'imu data for further research.
Classical Guarani beyond grammars and dictionaries: on an 18th century Jesuit manuscript
Authors: Ringmacher Manfred 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Like so many other languages in Spanish South America, Guarani, as spoken in the 17th and 18th centuries, is documented in grammars, dictionaries, and catechisms. These texts were primarily written for priests as tools of basic communication with the indigenous population. The Jesuit system of Reductions (protected Indian villages), however, led language learners to face other language uses beyond the elementary level. To teach these, other texts were created, such as the one presented in this paper that deals with the translation of a booklet on the early history of the Guarani Reductions. Its pedagogical features, together with its descriptive significance for our grasp of the language used, will be explained. A close examination of both the old grammars and contemporary texts will lead to a clearer understanding of the constitutive particularities of the language.
Using a digital corpus for the study of the earliest stages of Negerhollands
Authors: van Rossem Cefas 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this article I show three methods to use the Negerhollands computer corpus for a better understanding of the eighteenth century variety of Negerhollands. The first one is the study of metalinguistic comments which are taken up in several manuscripts. The second method is stemma/variety research between and within texts with the same content. The third method to study the do's and doubts of the first translators in order to present the right variety of the language is the analysis of annotations, changes and erasures of the writers. This philological approach was common in Medieval studies, for instance, but is hardly used with respect to Creole languages.
Coupling Optimization Design of Aspirated Compressor Airfoil and Aspirated Scheme Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and CST Method
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Bo , Zhao Yan , Yang Xiaodong , Lu Xiaofeng , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper focuses on creating a new design method optimizing both aspirated compressor airfoil and the aspiration scheme simultaneously. The optimization design method is based on the artificial bee colony algorithm and the CST method, while the flow field is computed by one 2D computational program. The optimization process of the rotor tip and stator tip airfoil from an aspirated fan stage is demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the new coupling method. The results show that the total pressure losses of the optimized stator tip and rotor tip airfoil are reduced relatively by 54% and 20%, respectively. Artificial bee colony algorithm and CST method indicate a satisfying applicability in aspirated airfoil optimization design. Finally, the features of aspirated airfoil designing process are concluded.
29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy and synchrotron XRD study of metamict Cardiff titanite
Authors: Zietlow Peter , Beirau Tobias , Groat Lee A. , Paulmann Carsten , Bismayer Ulrich 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Metamict titanite from the Cardiff uranium mine (M28696) in Ontario, Canada, has been analyzed using 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS NMR). A broad Gaussian shaped NMR signal at –81 ppm occurs at room temperature resulting from the mainly locally ordered metamict structural state. NMR signals were obtained at room temperature and after annealing at 600, 950, 1220 and 1470 K. Because of increasing crystallinity the full width at half maximum (FWHM) decreased from 24 ppm to 20 ppm, respectively using a pseudo-Voigt fit. For comparison highly-crystalline titanite from Rauris showed an NMR signal at –79.3 ppm with FWHM of 4.1 ppm and an almost Lorentzian profile because of its good long range order. Integrating synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) signals of Cardiff titanite show an increase of the crystallographic long range order at annealing temperatures considerably lower than the local ordering seen by NMR.
Partially amorphous (metamict) titanite: a silicate mineral in a natural radiation induced non-equilibrium phase
Authors: Beirau Tobias 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The present review will give a brief overview mainly focused on studies during the past 5 years on the mineral titanite (end-member composition CaTiSiO5) which could incorporate radioactive elements in its crystal structure. Aspects of investigations were the structural damage resulting from the radioactive decay, the thermally induced recrystallization process and the elastic properties of the mineral. During the radiation induced damage process, namely the metamictization, titanite becomes partially amorphous with coexisting defect enriched crystalline and aperiodic regions. Within these crystalline regions a P21/c to C2/c phase transition (∼ at 500 K) occurs. Resulting from radiation induced structural damage, titanite shows elastic properties close to those of titanite glass. During recrystallization on annealing an initial softening of the titanite structure takes place (up to temperature ∼950 K) resulting from the formation of soft interfaces. Thermal annealing at higher temperatures leads to increasing structural order and the hardening of the mineral.
Dok1 and Dok2 proteins regulate natural killer cell development and function
Authors: Celis‐Gutierrez Javier , Boyron Marilyn , Walzer Thierry , Pandolfi Pier Paolo , Jonjić Stipan , Olive Daniel , Dalod Marc , Vivier Eric , Nunès Jacques A 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are involved in immune responses against tumors and microbes. NK‐cell activation is regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that ensure NK tolerance and efficacy. Here, we show that the cytoplasmic signaling molecules Dok1 and Dok2 are tyrosine phosphorylated upon NK‐cell activation. Overexpression of Dok proteins in human NK cells reduces cell activation induced by NK‐cell‐activating receptors. Dok1 and Dok2 gene ablation in mice induces an NK‐cell maturation defect and leads to increased IFN‐γ production induced by activating receptors. Taken together, these results reveal that Dok1 and Dok2 proteins are involved in an intrinsic negative feedback loop downstream of NK‐cell‐activating receptors in mouse and human.
RELASI KUASA ANTARA PERHUTANI DAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA HUTAN DI BANYUMAS: KEPENTINGAN BISNIS VS COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT
Authors: Rosyadi Slamet , Sobandi Khairu Roojiqien 
Published: June 2014

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pandangan masyarakat dan Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH) dalam merespons orientasi Perhutani yang memprioritaskan pengembangan usaha (profits/bisnis) daripada pemberdayaan masyarakat desa hutan. Pendekatan studi menggunakan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LMDH tidak dilibatkan secara signifikan dalam perencanaan program pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat (PHBM). Lebih dari 12 tahun, Perhutani masih menjadi aktor dominan dengan kekuasaan besar menentukan pemangku kepentingan mana yang dikehendaki untuk terlibat dalam perencanaan programnya. Akibatnya, LMDH (masyarakat) merasa Perhutani tidak lagi menganggap serius peran LMDH dalam proses pengelolaan program-program PHBM. Dengan kata lain, peran LMDH hanya ada diatas kertas tetapi realitasnya tidak banyak berperan. Perhutani lebih fokus mengejar target keuntungan untuk kepentingan perusahaan tetapi di pihak lain tidak meningkatkan pembagian peran dengan LMDH sebagai mitra sejajar dalam program PHBM. This paper explores the power relations between state and society, specifically, after 12 years of implementing the policy of community-based forest management (Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat, known as PHBM). It investigates how villagers and its local institutions (Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan, LMDH), and street-level bureaucracy (SLB) responses toward the current development of State Forest Cooperation (Perum Perhutani, SFC) orientation in generating profit rather than the people and the planet/environment. The result shows that the villagers through LMDHs are, in fact, never closely engagein planning PHBM activities. Over 12 years, the SFC is still become the dominant actor who have dominant power in determining which stakeholders that they wanted to be involved in planning PHBM activities. Consequently, LMDH feels that SFC is reluctant in taking seriously the roles of LMDH in planning the PHBM activities. SFC is pursuing their target in generating benefits merely for their own benefits without taking LMDH in as their equal partner in PHBM activities.
ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM KOMUNITAS DESA: STUDI KASUS DI KAWASAN PESISIR UTARA PULAU AMBON
Authors: - Subair , Kolopaking Lala M. , Adiwibowo Soeryo , Pranowo M. Bambang 
Published: June 2014

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis strategi adaptasi komunitas nelayan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Lokasi penelitian di desa nelayan Asilulu, ditetapkan secara purposive mewakili karakteristik desa pesisir di kawasan pantai utara pulau Ambon Maluku. Metode yang digunakan adalah ’metode kasus historis’ sebuah metode studi sosiologi yang memadukan dua pendekatan yaitu sosiologi sejarah dan sejarah sosiologis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode hermeunetik dan dialektika dalam waktu kurang lebih 2 tahun (April 2010 – Juni 2012) menggunakan teknik pengamatan berperan serta, focus group discussion, wawancara mendalam, dan studi pustaka. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa komunitas nelayan di desa Asilulu telah merasakan dampak dari perubahan iklim yang menekan sistem penghidupan mereka meliputi kenaikan permukaan laut, intensitas badai dan gelombang tinggi, perubahan fishing ground dan kekacauan musim tangkap. Kerentanan komunitas dikategorikan tingkat sedang dan karenanya masih dalam area coping range komunitas. Nelayan melakukan adaptasi proaktif dan reaktif dalam strategi adaptasi fisik, sosial-ekonomi, dan sumber daya manusia yang sejauh ini mampu meningkatkan lebar selang toleransi sehingga kerentanan dapat dikurangi dan resiliensi sistem meningkat. Kondisi ini membuat komunitas nelayan cukup resilien. The purpose of this study is to identify the adaptation strategies of a fishing community to respond the impact of climate change. Location of the study in the fishing village Asilulu, determined purposively to represent the characteristics of the coastal villages in the north coast of the island of Ambon Maluku. The method used is the ‘method of historical case’ a sociological study method that combines two approaches, historical sociology and sociological history. Data collected between April 2010-June 2012, using the technique of participant observation, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and literature. Research shows that the fishing community in the village Asilulu have felt the impact of climate change which suppress their livelihood systems include sea level rise, storm intensity and high waves, changes in fishing grounds and fishing seasons chaos. Community vulnerability and therefore categorized as being still in the area of community coping range. Fishermen proactive adaptation and reactive adaptation strategies in physical, socio-economic, and human resources are so far able to increase the width of the tolerance interval so that vulnerabilities can be reduced and the resilience of the system increases.
PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN PENDUDUK PERKOTAAN MELALUI PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH
Authors: Banowati Eva 
Published: June 2014

Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat model pengentasan kemiskinan penduduk perkotaan melalui pelatihan mengolah sampah menjadi material fungsional baru. Penelitian tindakan (action reserach) dilakukan di Kota Semarang. Populasi penelitian adalah penduduk miskin, pengambilan sampel digunakan metode snowball. Data sekunder dari berbagai institusi terkait dan data primer diungkap menggunakan angket, wawancara, dan observasi. Data dianalisis secara keruangan berdasarkan Peta Sebaran Penduduk Miskin dan digunakan Tabel Silang.Pelatihan menggunakan Model Deduktif dan Induktif secara on the job karena penduduk miskin perkotaan belum berpengalaman mengolah sampah menjadi kompos. Analisis usaha membuat kompos didapatkan nilai B/C sebesar 1,098 yang bermakna usaha efisien dan menguntungkan. Pengolahan 1 container truck sampah volume bruto 3-5 ton didapatkan produk kompos sebagai material fungsional baru (MFB) sebesar 0,3 ton per daur. Harga jual senilai Rp. 250.000,00 berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan pendapatan Rp. 35.000 per hari mampu mengentaskan penduduk miskin ke posisi tidak miskin. Implikasi model pelatihan merupakan tindakan solutif yang edukatif dan mudah dijalankan karena penduduk diberi bekal keterampilan hidup yang berpeluang mengentaskan kemiskinan di perkotaan The purposes of this research to create a model of urban poverty population through waste treatment training to obtain new functional materials. This action research was conducted in Semarang. The research population was the poor residents, using snowball sampling technique. Secondary data was sourced from related institutions and the primary data was exposed by questionnaire, interview, and observation. The data was analyzed in spatial based on the Distribution Map of the Poor and used Crossing-Table. The training was using Deductive and Inductive Models are used on the job because the poor are inexperienced to process waste into compost. Analysis of effort to make compost obtained value of B/C of 1.098 which means efficient and profitable. One truck container 3-5 tons gross volume of product obtained new functional materials (NFM) of 0.3 tonnes worth selling. 250,000.00 affect the increase in revenue to Rp. 35,000 per day from the sale of compost is able to alleviate the poor to non-poor position. Implications of the model training is educational and solution-action easy to implement because residents was given the opportunity of life skills provision alleviate the poverty urban areas.
FORMALISASI SYARI’AT ISLAM DAN DOMINASI NEGARA TERHADAP ELITE AGAMA ISLAM TRADISIONAL DI ACEH
Authors: - Nirzalin , - Fakhrurrazi 
Published: June 2014

Berdasarkan studi kasus di Aceh Utara, tulisan ini hendak menunjukkan realitas kompleks tentang komodifikasi Syari’at Islam oleh elite yang sedang memerintah di Aceh. Realitasnya, birokratisasi Syari’at Islam telah menutup ruang bagi lahirnya wacana tandingan (counter discourse) dari masyarakat terhadap wacana yang dikembangkan oleh negara. Hal itu termanifestasi pada pelbagai Qanun yang telah disahkan. Qanun-qanun tersebut justeru memperlihatkan dominasi kepentingan elite yang sedang memerintah daripada aspirasi yang disuarakan oleh masyarakat. Sementara itu, birokratisasi dayah (pondok pesantren salafi/tradisional) dan penciptaan ketergantungan ekonomi dayah pada negara melalui kegiatan yang mengatasnamakan “pembinaan” dayah ternyata merupakan kedok bagi dominasi negara terhadap teungku dayah (elite agama Islam tradisional). Dominasi ini berhasil memposisikan teungku dayah sebagai jastifikator pelbagai kebijakan pemerintah. Akibatnya, peran teungku dayah di Aceh yang pada awalnya adalah aktor sosial yang secara vis a vis sanggup berhadapan dengan pemerintah dalam mengkritisi pelbagai kebijakan berdasarkan aspirasi yang berkembang di masyarakat menjadi pudar. Based on a case study in North Aceh district, this paper wants to demonstrate the complex reality of current commoditization of Syari’ah committed by political elites in Aceh. In fact, the bureaucratization of Syari’ah has closed democratic spaces which enable civil society including local religious elite to counter state’s discourses and policies. Such bureaucratization was manifested in the enactment of several Qanuns which unveil the domination of ruling elites’ interests over society’s interests and aspiration. On the other hand, the bureaucratization of dayah (traditional or salafi pesantren) and the formation of its economic dependence on state’s budgets through what called as “dayah guidance/direction programs” became a powerful means for the state apparatus to co-opt teungku dayah as Islamic local religious elites. Such cooptation has successfully positioned teungku dayah to act as justificatory actor toward various government policies. As the result, the historical role of teungku dayah in Aceh as the main political actor, which able to criticize government policies based on people aspiration, is fading away in the aftermath of conflict in Aceh.