bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Properties of Ag@iron Oxide Nanocomposite for Application as Nitrate Sensor
Authors: Bonyani Maryam , Mirzaei Ali , Leonardi Salvatore G. , Bonavita Anna , Neri Giovanni 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAg@iron oxide nanocomposite powders were synthesized via a two‐step chemical method. Characterization by UV‐Vis, XRD, SEM‐EDX and TEM revealed they are composed of nanosized crystalline silver particles in strict contact with amorphous iron oxide(s). The electrochemical behavior of the synthesized Ag@iron oxide composite was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Compared with the single phase‐modified electrodes, the Ag@iron oxide/SPCE electrode exhibits an enhanced cathodic current in response to the target analyte, due to a synergistic effect between Ag crystallites and amorphous iron oxide nanoparticles. An amperometric sensor for detection of nitrate based on Ag@iron oxide modified screen‐printed electrode (Ag@iron oxide/SPCE) has been fabricated, showing a good sensitivity (663 µA mM−1 cm−2) and a detection limit of 30 µM.
Expressed Emotion, Family Functioning, and Treatment Outcome for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Rienecke Renee D. , Accurso Erin C. , Lock James , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe current study examined the relation between parental expressed emotion (EE) and treatment outcome among adolescents participating in a treatment study for adolescent anorexia nervosa, as well as its impact on family functioning. One hundred and twenty‐one families were assigned to family‐based treatment or adolescent‐focused therapy. Paternal criticism predicted lesser improvement in eating disorder psychopathology at end of treatment. There was also a significant interaction between maternal hostility and treatment, indicating that adolescents whose mothers displayed hostility had greater increases in percent of expected body weight in adolescent‐focused therapy than family‐based treatment. In addition, maternal hostility predicted less improvement in general family functioning and family communication at the end of treatment. Findings suggest that maternal and paternal EE may differentially impact treatment outcome and should be directly attended to in clinical settings. Future research is needed to further explore ways in which parental EE can be effectively modified in treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Photo-induced toxicity of Deepwater Horizon slick oil to blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) larvae
Authors: Alloy Matthew M. , Boube Idrissa , Griffitt Robert J. , Oris James T. , Roberts Aaron P. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulted in the accidental release of approximately 700 million L of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Photo-induced toxicity after co-exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is 1 mechanism by which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from oil spills may exert toxicity. Blue crab are an important commercial and ecological resource in the Gulf of Mexico, and their largely transparent larvae may make them sensitive to PAH photo-induced toxicity. The goal of the present study was to examine the sensitivity of early lifestage blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) zoea to slick oil collected during the Deepwater Horizon spill. Blue crab zoea were exposed to 1 of several dilutions of water accommodated fractions from 1 of 2 sources of oil and gradations of natural sunlight in a factorial design. Two 7-h solar exposures were carried out with a recovery period (dark) in between. Survival was found to be UV- and PAH-dependent. Toxicity was observed within the range of surface PAH concentrations reported in the Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon spill. These findings indicate that early lifestage blue crab are sensitive to photo-induced toxicity from Deepwater Horizon slick oil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2061–2066. © 2015 SETAC
Compressive advection and multi‐component methods for interface‐capturing
Authors: Pavlidis Dimitrios , Gomes Jefferson L. M. A. , Xie Zhihua , Percival James R. , Pain Christopher C. , Matar Omar K. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis paper develops methods for interface‐capturing in multiphase flows. The main novelties of these methods are as follows: (a) multi‐component modelling that embeds interface structures into the continuity equation; (b) a new family of triangle/tetrahedron finite elements, in particular, the P1DG‐P2(linear discontinuous between elements velocity and quadratic continuous pressure); (c) an interface‐capturing scheme based on compressive control volume advection methods and high‐order finite element interpolation methods; (d) a time stepping method that allows use of relatively large time step sizes; and (e) application of anisotropic mesh adaptivity to focus the numerical resolution around the interfaces and other areas of important dynamics. This modelling approach is applied to a series of pure advection problems with interfaces as well as to the simulation of the standard computational fluid dynamics benchmark test cases of a collapsing water column under gravitational forces (in two and three dimensions) and sloshing water in a tank. Two more test cases are undertaken in order to demonstrate the many‐material and compressibility modelling capabilities of the approach. Numerical simulations are performed on coarse unstructured meshes to demonstrate the potential of the methods described here to capture complex dynamics in multiphase flows. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of groundwater‐induced flooding in a chalk aquifer for future climate change scenarios
Authors: Jimenez‐Martinez Joaquin , Smith Martin , Pope David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCurrent climate change models for the southeast UK predict changing rainfall patterns, with increased incidence of extreme events. The chalk aquifer in the UK and northern France is susceptible to groundwater‐induced flooding under such conditions. In this methodological study we apply a frequency domain analysis approach to the chalk aquifer to derive a transfer function between effective rainfall and groundwater level from 7 years of monitoring data from the North Heath Barn site, near Brighton. The derived transfer function was calibrated and validated against monitoring data and then used to predict groundwater level for rainfall models for high, medium and low emission scenarios from the UKCP09 database. The derived transfer function is most closely comparable to the linear aquifer model, despite evidence for both matrix and fracture or karst water flow in the chalk, with transmissivity and unconfined storativity at the catchment scale of 1548 m2 day−1and 1.6 × 10−2. The application of the transfer function to UKCP09 rainfall data suggests that groundwater‐induced flooding may be about four times more frequent by 2040–2069 compared with 1961–1990 and seven times more frequent by 2070–2099. The model data also suggest an increase in the duration of groundwater minima relative to the reference period. Compared to deterministic modelling which requires detailed knowledge of aquifer heterogeneity and processes, the transfer function approach, although with limitations, is simpler, incorporating these factors into the analysis through frequency and phase coefficients, and thus may have the potential for groundwater risk assessment in other areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Does This Story Say About Females?
Authors: Hayik Rawia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGrounded in critical literacy theory, this teacher research in a Middle EasternEFLclassroom addresses the traditional female positioning in literature, media, and pop culture. Adolescent students are encouraged to challenge the traditional Cinderella fairy tale through various critical literacy engagements. A content analysis of sample written and oral responses against the four dimensions framework of critical literacy reveals emerging critical awareness of gender bias and eagerness to take action for change, basically on the part of female students who wrote challenging letters of critique to the author of a Disney‐fied version of the story. Scrutiny into the teacher's moves attempts to explore her role in the process.
Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by silver nanoparticles in human liver HepG2 cells in different dispersion media
Authors: Xue Yuying , Zhang Ting , Zhang Bangyong , Gong Fan , Huang Yanmei , Tang Meng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been widely used in medical and healthcare products owing to their unique antibacterial activities. However, their safety for humans and the environment has not yet been established. This study evaluated the cellular proliferation and apoptosis of Ag NPs suspended in different solvents using human liver HepG2 cells. The ionization of Ag NPs in different dispersion media [deionized water, phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), saline and cell culture] was measured using an Ag ion selective electrode. The MTT assay was used to examine the cell proliferation activities. The effects of Ag NPs on cell cycle, induction of apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed using flow cytometry. The degree of Ag NPs ionization differed with dispersion media, with the concentrations of silver ions in deionized water being the highest in all suspensions. Ag NPs could inhibit the viability of HepG2 cells in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. Ag NPs (40, 80 and 160 µg ml−1) exposure could cause cell‐cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, significantly increasing the apoptosis rate and ROS generation, and decreasing the MMP in HepG2 cells more sensitive to deionized water than in cell culture. These results suggested that the cellular toxicological mechanism of Ag NPs might be related to the oxidative stress of cells by the generation of ROS, leading to mitochondria injury and induction of apoptosis. It also implies that it is important to assess the physicochemical properties of NPs in the media where the biological toxicity tests are performed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel MBRs for the removal of organic priority pollutants from industrial wastewaters: a review
Authors: Yeo Bibianna JL , Goh Shuwen , Zhang Jinsong , Livingston Andrew G , Fane Anthony G 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOrganic pollutants which are commonly discharged by the 21 industrial groups identified by the US EPA are regulated under the toxic and priority pollutants list. Novel membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems developed in the last two decades, such as the high‐retention MBRs (HR‐MBRs) and extractive MBRs (EMBRs), could be applied in the retention/extraction of targeted organics from point‐source industrial wastewater to meet stringent regulatory requirements. This paper combines previous reviews and studies conducted on the individual novel MBRs to discuss the potential in applying these technologies in the removal of targeted organic pollutants from industrial wastewater by providing a summary of the technologies and discussing the research gaps that currently hamper their commercialization. Future research should focus on long‐term operation with real industrial wastewaters to identify membrane, operational and biodegradation limitations for further optimization. This includes advances in microbiology and the application of novel membranes to boost the biodegradation and removal capabilities of these novel MBR systems. Energy and economic analyses of the MBRs operated at the pilot/demo scale are required to compare their benefits with conventional treatment systems. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Gray‐scale and color Doppler sonographic features of complex fibroadenomas of the breast
Authors: Lee Kwang Hwi , Kim Suk Jung , Park Young Mi , Kim Woogyeong , Yoon Jung Hee , Song Jong Woon , Kim Seung Ho , Lim Yun‐Jung , Baek Hye Jin , Kim Seon‐Jeong , Lee Yedaun 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate gray‐scale and color Doppler sonographic (US) features of complex fibroadenoma (FA), according to the Breast Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) lexicon.MethodsFrom 2010 through 2013, 586 women with FAs were seen; 101 (17%) of those lesions were diagnosed as complex FAs on percutaneous needle biopsy or surgery. Among the patients with complex FAs, 67 who had US examination results available were included in this study. In addition, the results from 98 women who had simple FAs were included as controls. US features were retrospectively analyzed by two breast radiologists in consensus for shape, margin, echogenicity, posterior acoustic pattern, boundary, orientation, and associated findings. They also reassessed the BI‐RADS category for FAs. Color Doppler US examination results were classified according to the amount of vascularity as absent, moderate, or marked.ResultsComplex FA were larger than simple FAs were (14.5 cm versus 12.1 cm, p > 0.05). On univariate analysis, a round to irregular shape, an uncircumscribed margin, the presence of associated findings, and BI‐RADS categorization as 4a and 4b were more frequently revealed in complex than in simple FAs (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the tumor margin was a predictive factor for complex FA (odds ratio: 6.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.14–32.49, p < 0.05). On color Doppler US, the complex FAs had higher degrees of vascularity than simple FA (p < 0.05).ConclusionsComplex FAs, in comparison with simple FAs, tend to have more aggressive features and to be in higher BI‐RADS categories on US examination. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:556–562, 2015
Train the Trainers: A First Step towards a Science‐Based Cognitive Lie Detection Training Workshop Delivered by a Practitioner
Authors: Vrij Aldert , Mann Samantha , Leal Sharon , Vernham Zarah , Vaughan Martin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA training workshop utilising recent research in cognitive lie detection was designed and evaluated. A unique future of the training was that a practitioner (retired police detective) instead of scientists (e.g. the training developers) introduced the techniques. To evaluate the training, 27 experienced police detectives each interviewed one mock suspect (a truth teller or liar) before training, and another group of 23 experienced police detectives interviewed one mock suspect (a truth teller or liar) after training. The police detectives were free to interview the mock suspect in any way they felt appropriate, but those who had received training were asked to try to incorporate (some of) the taught techniques in their interviews. The detectives made veracity judgements, and the interviews were transcribed and coded for the amount of detail elicited and the questions asked. Training had a modest effect on the ability to distinguish between truths and lies but resulted in a higher percentage of appropriate questions asked. Trainees did not implement the taught techniques to an equal extent, but when they did, the techniques enhanced the elicitation of information. The training study also revealed challenges, particularly difficulty in implementing the taught techniques into practice and asking the right questions to elicit differences in detail between truth tellers and liars. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating changes in season length, onset, and end dates across the United States (1948–2012)
Authors: Allen Michael J. , Sheridan Scott C. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTDiscussed in a global context, the issue of scale is important to consider as it relates to climate change. As climatological studies utilize temporally and spatially static definitions of seasonal definitions, the understanding of seasonal change may be limited by the way in which seasons are defined. This research serves as a challenge to this perspective by examining the changes in seasons by incorporating variability into the way in which seasons are defined. Temporally and spatially variable seasons were defined based on thresholds of apparent temperature and upper‐level circulation patterns for the period 1948–2012. Using 60 US surface stations, two apparent air temperature metrics were used to define seasons that vary spatially and temporally. Stations represented major cities found in the contiguous United States. A large‐scale circulation approach utilized synoptic categorizations based on 250‐mb geopotential heights from the NCEP‐NCAR reanalysis (NNR) as a metric of seasonal delineation. In this method, seasons varied temporally but not spatially. Despite the different methodological approaches, consistent trends were found. Since 1948, late starts of autumn and winter have been observed while earlier onsets of spring and summer have taken place. For the individual stations, the largest shifts occurred along coasts and in larger, more urbanized environments. Individual locations also showed increased variability in start date, and significant changes were found for all four seasons in the circulation approach. Seasons have been shown to be important for a variety of processes including phenological responses and human adaptation to extreme temperature environments; therefore, the consideration of season variability may be appropriate for future climatological research.
A Study of TV Drama Series, Cultural Proximity and Travel Motivation: Moderation Effect of Enduring Involvement
Authors: Chang David Y. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates the relationships of TV drama series, cultural proximity and travel motivation, especially examining the moderating effect of enduring involvement in this relationship. The findings reveal that only TV drama series, not cultural proximity, has positive effects on travel motivation. The viewer's enduring involvement with the drama shows its moderating effects on the drama–motivation relationship but only on the cultural proximity–motivation relationship for the high‐enduring‐involvement viewers. Overall, this study highlights a viewer's enduring involvement role in enhancing/changing the effects of TV dramas and cultural proximity on the viewer's travel motivation to the places depicted in the programs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of Anesthesia and opioids on the upper airway: A systematic review
Authors: Ehsan Zarmina , Mahmoud Mohamed , Shott Sally R. , Amin Raouf S. , Ishman Stacey L. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisDrug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is used to determine surgical therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); however, the effects of anesthesia on the upper airway are poorly understood. Our aim was to systematically review existing literature on the effects of anesthetic agents on the upper airway.Data SourcesPubMed, CINAHL, EBM reviews and Scopus (all indexed years).Review MethodsInclusion criteria included English language articles containing original human data. Two investigators independently reviewed all articles for outcomes related to upper airway morphology, dynamics, neuromuscular response, and respiratory control.ResultsThe initial search yielded 180 abstracts; 56 articles were ultimately included (total population = 8,540). The anesthetic agents studied were: topical lidocaine, propofol, dexmedetomidine, midazolam, pentobarbital, sevoflurane, desflurane, ketamine, and opioids. Outcome measures were diverse and included imaging studies, genioglossus electromyography, endoscopic airway assessment, polysomnography, upper airway closing pressure, and clinical evidence of obstruction. All agents caused some degrees of airway collapse. Dexmedetomidine did not have dose‐dependent effects when evaluated using cine magnetic resonance imaging, unlike sevoflurane, isoflurane, and propofol, and caused less dynamic collapse than propofol.ConclusionsStudies assessing the effect of anesthesia on the upper airway in patients with and without OSA are limited, and few compare effects between agents. Medications with minimal effect on respiratory control (e.g., dexmedetomidine) may work best for DISE. Laryngoscope, 126:270–284, 2016
Soot and house dust mite allergen cause eosinophilic laryngitis in an animal model
Authors: Belafsky Peter C. , Peake Janice , Smiley‐Jewell Suzette M. , Verma Sunil P. , Dworkin‐Valenti James , Pinkerton Kent E. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisChronic laryngitis (CL) is common and costly. One of the most common causes of CL is thought to be laryngopharyngeal reflux, although a significant percentage of individuals fail to get better with acid suppressive therapy. The role of other potential causes of CL such as allergy and environmental pollution has not been thoroughly investigated.PurposeTo evaluate the association between iron soot, house dust mite allergen (HDMA), and CL in an established animal model.MethodsTwenty‐four guinea pigs were separated into four 6‐week exposure groups: 1) saline (allergen control) + filtered air (pollution control); 2) HDMA (Dermatophygoides farinae) + filtered air; 3) saline + combustion particulates; or 4) HDMA + combustion particulates. The primary outcome measure was mean eosinophil profile (MEP) in glottic, subglottic, and trachea epithelium and submucosa.ResultsThe combination of iron soot and HDMA caused eosinophilia (elevated MEP) in the glottic (P < 0.06), subglottic (P < 0.05), and trachea (P < 0.05) submucosa and epithelium (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe combination of HDMA and iron soot resulted in laryngeal eosinophilia in an established guinea pig model of CL. The data support the notion that factors other than reflux may cause CL. Further investigation into eosinophilic laryngitis as a distinct clinical entity caused by exposure to environmental allergen and pollution is warranted.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 126:108–112, 2016
Polylactide‐Based Nanoparticles with Tailor‐Made Functionalization
Authors: Beer Veronika , Koynov Kaloian , Steffen Werner , Landfester Katharina , Musyanovych Anna 
Published: July 2015

Biocompatible polymer nanoparticles are of high interest in chemical, biological, and medical research as potential drug delivery systems. These nanoparticles must be nontoxic and metabolizable. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) meets these requirements and therefore is widely used for biomedical applications. The miniemulsion/solvent evaporation procedure is a very efficient approach to produce PLA nanoparticles with controlled size and morphology using preformed polymer. In this paper, the synthesis of PLA‐based nanoparticles functionalized with either carboxyl groups or fluorescent molecules is presented. Both functionalities are covalently attached to the particle, thus any physical desorption and leakage of the dye upon storage or experiments performed under physiological conditions, for example during uptake by living cells, can be avoided. The fluorescence properties and stability of the obtained nanoparticles in aqueous solutions with different ionic strength are studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering.
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