bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A vehicular network for social services using data dissemination
Authors: Esmaeilyfard Rasool , Khiadani Nadia H. , Hendessi Faramarz , Safavi Hemami Sayed Mostafa 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRoads, streets and the heavy traffic emerged in metropolises are places where people spend a considerable amount of time. These are locations where lack of presence of the social‐inspired networks and services and also the presence of new opportunities that could be offered to the people are clearly evident. Undoubtedly, the absence of a proper infrastructure is one of the major barriers to create and deliver social application for vehicular scenarios. In this study, we focus on the idea of establishing a dynamic vehicular network to manage the social groups and the information of social applications. In order to achieve this goal, this paper presents a three‐layered network architecture with a middleware at its core. The middleware manages social groups and handles pivotal functions of information management and dissemination. The design principles and patterns used enable our strategy to disseminate the information quickly and extensively using different communication schemes. Through this approach, we evaluate this infrastructure based on groups with common spatio‐temporal properties and analysing the constant speed mobility in our data dissemination scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design Strategies for Idle Screens of Smartphones Based on Service Usages
Authors: Lee Sangwon , Kim Min‐Jeong , Park Jonghun , Shin Dongmin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLinking specific smartphone services to user characteristics can inform design guidelines and improve the competitive edge of smartphone models. A key component in the design of the user interface is the idle screen, as it is the starting point for all smartphone services. The focus of this study is to elicit insights for establishing strategies for improving idle screen design by relating user behaviors and smartphone services. Benefit segmentation is employed for users’ responses to questionnaire items about service usages. Smartphone services are identified through a factor analysis and user segments are obtained by a cluster analysis. The findings can contribute to classifying smartphone services according to users’ behaviors and preferences for them and to suggesting a design alternative for idle screens, depending on the features of user groups for improved market segmentation.
The relationship of antioxidant components and antioxidant activity of sesame seed oil
Authors: Wan Yin , Li Huixiao , Fu Guiming , Chen Xueyang , Chen Feng , Xie Mingyong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlthough sesame seed oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and even a small amount of free fatty acids in its unrefined flavored form, it shows markedly greater stability than other dietary vegetable oils. The good stability of sesame seed oil against autoxidation has been ascribed not only to its inherent lignans and tocopherols but also to browning reaction products generated when sesame seeds are roasted. Also, there is a strong synergistic effect among these components. The lignans in sesame seed oil can be categorized into two types, i.e. inherent lignans (sesamin, sesamolin) and lignans mainly formed during the oil production process (sesamol, sesamolinol, etc.). The most abundant tocopherol in sesame seed oil is γ‐tocopherol. This article reviews the antioxidant activities of lignans and tocopherols as well as the browning reaction and its products in sesame seed and/or its oil. It is concluded that the composition and structure of browning reaction products and their impacts on sesame ingredients need to be further studied to better explain the remaining mysteries of sesame oil. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Detection of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in Japanese population using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Hirotsu Yosuke , Nakagomi Hiroshi , Sakamoto Ikuko , Amemiya Kenji , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Omata Masao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the two main breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, and their genetic testing has been used to evaluate the risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). While several studies have reported the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Japanese populations, there is insufficient information about deleterious mutations compared with western countries. Moreover, because many rare variants are found in BRCA1 and BRCA2, both of which encode large proteins, it is difficult to sequence all coding regions using the Sanger method for mutation detection. In this study, therefore, we performed next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of the entire coding regions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in 135 breast and/or ovarian cancer patients. Deleterious BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were detected in 10 patients (7.4%) by NGS analysis. Of these, one mutation in BRCA1 and two in BRCA2 had not been reported previously. Furthermore, a BRCA2 mutation found in a proband was also identified in two unaffected relatives. These data suggest the utility of screening BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations by NGS in clinical diagnosis.
Conventional NMA as a better standard for evaluating elastic network models
Authors: Na Hyuntae , Song Guang 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTNormal mode analysis (NMA) is an important tool for studying protein dynamics. Because of the complexity of conventional NMA that uses an all‐atom model and a semi‐empirical force field, many simplified NMA models have been developed, some of which are known as elastic network models. The quality of these simplified NMA models was assessed mostly by evaluating their predictions against experimental B‐factors, and rarely by comparing them with the original NMA. In this work, we take the effort to create a publicly accessible dataset of proteins with their minimized structures, NMA modes, and mean‐square fluctuations. Then, for the first time, we evaluate the quality of individual normal modes of several widely used elastic network models by comparing them with the conventional NMA. Our results demonstrate that the conventional NMA presents a better and more complete evaluation measure of the quality of elastic network models. This realization should be very helpful in improving current or designing new, higher quality elastic network models. Moreover, using the conventional NMA as the standard of evaluation, a number of interesting and significant insights into the elastic network models are gained. Proteins 2015; 83:259–267. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, insecticidal activities and structure–activity relationship studies of novel anthranilic diamides containing pyridylpyrazole‐4‐carboxamide
Authors: Chen Kai , Liu Qi , Ni Jue‐Ping , Zhu Hong‐Jun , Li Yu‐Feng , Wang Qiang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnthranilic diamide insecticides containing pyridylpyrazole‐5‐carboxamide are extremely important in modern agriculture. New structurally modified compounds with high insecticidal activity were discovered by designing a series of novel pyridylpyrazole‐4‐carboxamides (9I to 9IV) and pyridylpyrazole‐4‐carboxamides (10I to 10IV), the latter designed by the cyclisation of two amides. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) between the two series is of interest.RESULTSTwo series of novel anthranilic diamides containing pyridylpyrazole‐4‐carboxamide were synthesised and characterised via melting point, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analyses. The insecticidal activities of these compounds against Plutella xylostella were evaluated. At a concentration of 100 mg L−1, the compounds with unmodified amide moieties (9I to 9IV) exhibited much better larvicidal activities than the other derivative compounds (10I to 10IV). Most of the compounds 9I to 9IV showed over 90% larvicidal activity at 100 mg L−1. Furthermore, compounds 9IIIa, 9IIIc, 9IIId and 9IVd displayed significant insecticidal activity at 10 mg L−1. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was carried out to provide more information regarding SAR.CONCLUSIONThirty‐two new anthranlic diamides containing pyridylpyrazole‐4‐carboxamide were designed and obtained. SAR analysis and DFT calculation results revealed that the amide moiety had a very important effect on bioactivity. This work has provided information that could aid investigations of novel insecticides. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Photoluminescence of Si nanocrystals embedded in : Excitation/emission mapping
Authors: Vaccaro L. , Spallino L. , Zatsepin A. F. , Buntov E. A. , Ershov A. V. , Grachev D. A. , Cannas M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTime‐resolved photoluminescence from Si nanocrystals produced by 1100C thermal annealing of SiO/SiO multilayers were investigated by tunable laser excitation, achieving a detailed excitation/emission pattern in the visible and UV range. The emission lineshape is a gaussian curve inhomogenously broadened because of the size distribution of Si nanocrystals, the excitation spectrum consists of the overlap of two gaussian bands centered around 3.4 and 5.1 eV. The mapping of luminescence spectral components with the lifetime points out the energy cubic dependence of the spontaneous emission rate. These findings are interpreted on the basis of models proposed in literature that associate this luminescence with quantum confinement of excitons or interfacial Si/SiO defects.
π‐Conjugated Aromatics Based on Truxene: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Applications
Authors: Shi Ke , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRecently, many efforts have been devoted to developing novel polycyclic aromatics due to their unique optical and electronic properties and broad applications, such as in organic field‐effect transistors, organic photovoltaics, and organic light‐emitting diodes. Among various π‐conjugated molecules, many truxene derivatives have interesting characteristics such as C3‐symmetry, strong blue emission, and a planar rigid structure. Moreover, compared with many other π‐conjugated aromatics, the synthesis and modification of truxene are particularly facile and diverse. In this account, we summarize investigations into truxene derivatives from synthesis and physical properties to applications in organic electronics.
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Availability, utilization, and quality of emergency obstetric care services in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Abegunde Dele , Kabo Ibrahim A. , Sambisa William , Akomolafe Toyin , Orobaton Nosa , Abdulkarim Masduk , Sadauki Habib 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo report the availability, utilization, and quality of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) services in Bauchi State, Nigeria.MethodsBetween June and July 2012, a cross‐sectional survey of health facilities was conducted. Data on the performance of EmOC services between June 2011 and May 2012 were obtained from records of 20 general hospitals and 39 primary healthcare centers providing delivery services. Additionally, structured interviews with facility managers were conducted.ResultsOnly 6 (10.2%) of the 59 facilities met the UN requirements for EmOC centers. None of the three senatorial zones in Bauchi State had the minimum acceptable number of five EmOC facilities per 500 000 population. Overall, 10 517 (4.4%) of the estimated 239 930 annual births took place in EmOC facilities. Cesarean delivery accounted for 3.6% (n = 380) of the 10 517 births occurring in EmOC facilities and 0.2% of the 239 930 expected live births. Only 1416 (3.9%) of the expected 35 990 obstetric complications were managed in EmOC facilities. Overall, 45 (3.2%) of 1416 women with major direct obstetric complications treated at EmOC facilities died. Among 379 maternal deaths, 317 (83.6%) were attributable to major direct obstetric complications.ConclusionAvailability, utilization, and quality of EmOC services in Bauchi State, Nigeria, are suboptimal. The health system's capacity to manage emergency obstetric complications needs to be strengthened.
Treatment Outcome Assessment of the Pharmacist-Managed Quit Smoking Clinic in Malaysia
Authors: Shafie Asrul Akmal , Hassali Mohamed Azmi , Rabi Rudy , Lee Mei Lin 
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Evaluating a new health service is different from evaluating a new drug, as the former depends on the local delivery structure and culture. No data are available on the effectiveness of the existing pharmacist-managed quit smoking clinic (PM-QSC) in Malaysia. We evaluated the effectiveness in terms of the quit and default rate, the cost per quitter, cost per patient and the number of days of the patient remained in the managed care of the pharmacist.Methods: The patients’ medical records at the PM-QSC in a tertiary hospital in Melaka, Malaysia, were examined retrospectively from January 2009 to December 2010. Patients were grouped into current smokers, attempted to quit and quitters. Costs were calculated per patient visit on the basis of resource used (smoking cessation agents (SCAs)) and the personnel involved (time spent by the pharmacist). This study was reviewed and approved by the Malaysia Research Ethics Committee (MREC).Results: The quit rate between January 2009 and December 2010 was 5.8%, and the default rate was 71.8%. The average quit period for all smokers enrolled was 298 days. From the health provider perspective, the average costs per quitter, per patient and per quit attempt were MYR 953.28 (USD 308), MYR 55.71 (USD 18) and MYR 34.74 (USD 11), respectively.Conclusion: The pharmacist delivery of cessation services at a public-funded QSC was associated with a high default rate. The pharmacist could not be dismissed entirely as an ineffective health care professional (HCP) for the provision of the cessation service based solely on this preliminary data, but these findings stress the need to address the high default rate prior to the expansion of the service.
A GPU-Based Wide-Band Radio Spectrometer
Authors: Chennamangalam Jayanth , Scott Simon , Jones Glenn , Chen Hong , Ford John , Kepley Amanda , Lorimer D. R. , Nie Jun , Prestage Richard , Roshi D. Anish , Wagner Mark , Werthimer Dan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe graphics processing unit has become an integral part of astronomical instrumentation, enabling high-performance online data reduction and accelerated online signal processing. In this paper, we describe a wide-band reconfigurable spectrometer built using an off-the-shelf graphics processing unit card. This spectrometer, when configured as a polyphase filter bank, supports a dual-polarisation bandwidth of up to 1.1 GHz (or a single-polarisation bandwidth of up to 2.2 GHz) on the latest generation of graphics processing units. On the other hand, when configured as a direct fast Fourier transform, the spectrometer supports a dual-polarisation bandwidth of up to 1.4 GHz (or a single-polarisation bandwidth of up to 2.8 GHz).
Trichinella spiralis: genome database searches for the presence and immunolocalization of protein disulphide isomerase family members
Authors: Freitas C.P. , Clemente I. , Mendes T. , Novo C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe formation of nurse cells in host muscle cells duringTrichinella spiralisinfection is a key step in the infective mechanism. Collagen trimerization is set up via disulphide bond formation, catalysed by protein disulphide isomerase (PDI). InT. spiralis, some PDI family members have been identified but no localization is described and no antibodies specific forT. spiralisPDIs are available. In this work, computational approaches were used to search for non-described PDIs in theT. spiralisgenome database and to check the cross-reactivity of commercial anti-human antibodies withT. spiralisorthologues. In addition to a previously described PDI (PDIA2), endoplasmic reticulum protein (ERp57/PDIA3), ERp72/PDIA4, and the molecular chaperones calreticulin (CRT), calnexin (CNX) and immunoglobulin-binding protein/glucose-regulated protein (BIP/GRP78), we identified orthologues of the human thioredoxin-related-transmembrane proteins (TMX1, TMX2 and TMX3) in the genome protein database, as well as ERp44 (PDIA10) and endoplasmic reticulum disulphide reductase (ERdj5/PDIA19). Immunocytochemical staining of paraffin sections of muscle infected byT. spiralisenabled us to localize some orthologues of the human PDIs (PDIA3 and TMX1) and the chaperone GRP78. A theoretical three-dimensional model forT. spiralisPDIA3 was constructed. The localization and characteristics of the predicted linear B-cell epitopes and amino acid sequence of the immunogens used for commercial production of anti-human PDIA3 antibodies validated the use of these antibodies for the immunolocalization ofT. spiralisPDIA3 orthologues. These results suggest that further study of the role of the PDIs and chaperones during nurse cell formation is desirable.
Bacterial biofilm on the sinus mucosa of healthy subjects and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (with or without nasal polyposis)
Authors: Singh P , Mehta R , Agarwal S , Mishra P 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjective:To study the presence of bacterial biofilm on the sinus mucosa of healthy individuals (controls) and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis.Methods:An analytical, prospective and observational study was conducted. Tissue samples were obtained from the sinus mucosa. The bacteria were isolated and typified, and the material was examined for biofilm formation using tissue culture plate, Congo red agar detection and tube methods.Results:A total of 100 cases were analysed for the presence of biofilm. Bacterial biofilm was present in 26 of 50 disease group cases (52 per cent) and in 4 of 50 control group cases (8 per cent) (p < 0.01).Conclusion:The presence of biofilm on the mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis patients offers a possible cause for the persistent inflammation, and for antibiotics resistance and antimicrobial therapy failure. These findings could change the approach to treatment.
Escape mechanisms of African trypanosomes: why trypanosomosis is keeping us awake
Authors: CNOPS JENNIFER , MAGEZ STEFAN , De TREZ CARL 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYAfrican trypanosomes have been around for more than 100 million years, and have adapted to survival in a very wide host range. While various indigenous African mammalian host species display a tolerant phenotype towards this parasitic infection, and hence serve as perpetual reservoirs, many commercially important livestock species are highly disease susceptible. When considering humans, they too display a highly sensitive disease progression phenotype for infections withTrypanosoma brucei rhodesienseorTrypanosoma brucei gambiense, while being intrinsically resistant to infections with other trypanosome species. As extracellular trypanosomes proliferate and live freely in the bloodstream and lymphatics, they are constantly exposed to the immune system. Due to co-evolution, this environment however no longer poses a hostile threat, but has become the niche environment where trypanosomes thrive and obligatory await transmission through the bites of tsetse flies or other haematophagic vectors, ideally without causing severe side infection-associated pathology to their host. Hence, African trypanosomes have acquired various mechanisms to manipulate and control the host immune response, evading effective elimination. Despite the extensive research into trypanosomosis over the past 40 years, many aspects of the anti-parasite immune response remain to be solved and no vaccine is currently available. Here we review the recent work on the different escape mechanisms employed by African Trypanosomes to ensure infection chronicity and transmission potential.
The ultraviolet radiation environment during an expedition across the Drake Passage and on the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Russell Andrew , Gohlan Manmohan , Smedley Andrew , Densham Martin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPolysulphone ultraviolet dosimetry badges were deployed daily during a British Services Antarctic Expedition to the Antarctic Peninsula, including a cruise period across the Drake Passage. The expedition was undertaken from 20 December 2011 to 7 March 2012. Badges were successfully analysed from 46 days of the expedition with a daily mean of 1.8 kJ m-2erythemal daily dose (EDD) and a range of 0.3–4.3 kJ m-2EDD. The results indicate that the ultraviolet EDD experienced was comparable to temperate, mid-latitude locations in the spring/late summer. The variability of the badge measurements was mostly consistent with observations from a local ground-based radiometer and equivalent satellite-derived products. However, such comparisons are limited by the changing location/altitude of the expedition and known biases in the satellite data. This highlights that the new dataset of exposure experienced at the Antarctic surface complements those produced by stationary ground-based instruments or satellites and, therefore, that the badge dataset brings a new element to this issue. The highest EDD values during the expedition occurred at high altitude, and the lowest EDD values occurred at low altitude and high latitude with relatively high total ozone column concentration.
Population decline and range contraction of the Egyptian VultureNeophron percnopterusin the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: VELEVSKI METODIJA , NIKOLOV STOYAN C. , HALLMANN BEN , DOBREV VLADIMIR , SIDIROPOULOS LAVRENTIS , SARAVIA VICTORIA , TSIAKIRIS RIGAS , ARKUMAREV VOLEN , GALANAKI ANTONIA , KOMINOS THEODOROS , STARA KALLIOPI , KRET ELZBIETA , GRUBAČ BRATISLAV , LISIČANEC EMANUEL , KASTRITIS THANOS , VAVYLIS DIMITRIS , TOPI MIRJAN , HOXHA BLEDI , OPPEL STEFFEN 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe Egyptian Vulture has been classified as ‘Endangered’ due to a rapid population decline in India and long term declines in Europe and Africa. Although the species has been reported to be declining in Eastern Europe, no quantitative assessment of the magnitude or the causes for population declines are available. We used monitoring data from the Balkan Peninsula to estimate changes in population size and extent of occurrence of Egyptian Vultures between 1980 and 2013. We quantified population trends in three countries (Bulgaria, Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic [FYR] of Macedonia) to assess whether population declines are similar within the Balkan range states. We found a rapid and consistent decline of the Egyptian Vulture population that was largely similar among the three countries (λ = 0.940 in FYR of Macedonia, 0.951 in Bulgaria, 0.920 in Greece). As a consequence of population declines, the breeding range of Egyptian Vultures has contracted and the population in the Balkan Peninsula has fragmented into six subpopulations separated by more than 80 km. Population declines may be driven by factors such as poisoning, electrocution, direct persecution and changes in food availability which operate at large spatial scales and affect birds both on breeding grounds as well as during migration and wintering. Because the relative importance of threats to the survival of Egyptian Vultures are poorly understood, there is a critical need for research into causes of mortality and potential conservation actions that may halt and reverse population declines.
The Inspector of Music Meets the French
Authors: CAMUS RAOUL F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWhen the French military forces arrived in Newport in 1781, they brought with them not only music of a social nature, such as country-dances, but also music used in military ceremonies. Americans quickly adopted many French customs, melodies and traditions. A fife major's manuscript of 1781 is only one of many that evinces the importance of John Hiwell, the Continental Army Inspector of Music, in promoting this French influence on American military ceremonial music. This article also examines some aspects of fifes and drums in the Revolutionary War era.