bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual selection on Drosophila serrata male pheromones does not vary with female age or mating status
Authors: Gershman S. , Delcourt M. , Rundle H. D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMate preferences are costly and are thought to evolve due to the direct and/or indirect benefits they provide. Such costs and benefits may vary in response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors with important evolutionary consequences. Limited attention has been given to quantifying such variation and understanding its causes, most notably with respect to the direction and strength of preferences for multivariate sexual displays. In Drosophila serrata, female preferences target a pheromone blend of long‐chain cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). We used a factorial design to test whether female age and mating status generated variation in the strength and direction of sexual selection on male CHCs. Replicate choice mating trials were conducted using young and old females (4 or 10 days post‐emergence) that were either virgin or previously mated. The outcome of such trials is known to capture variation in female mate preferences, although male–male interactions may also contribute. Directional sexual selection on male CHCs was highly significant within each treatment, but there was little evidence of any variation among treatments. The absence of treatment effects implies that the multivariate combination of male CHCs preferred by females was constant with respect to female age and mating status. To the extent that male–male interactions may also contribute, our results similarly imply that these did not vary among treatments groups. With respect to D. serrata mate preferences, our results suggest that either plasticity with respect to age and mating status is not beneficial to females, or preference expression is somehow constrained.
Physicochemical Characterization of Seeds of Cabernet Sauvignon and Ives Grapes
Authors: Menezes Maraísa L. , Bracht Cissa K. , Ambrosio‐Ugri Miriam C.B. , Barros Sueli T.D. , Pereira Nehemias C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze physical and chemical characteristics of seeds of Cabernet Sauvignon and Ives grape varieties. Some physical properties were determined: length, width, thickness, true density, bulk density, porosity, sphericity, angle of repose, particle grain size and specific heat of seeds of oven‐dried and fresh seeds. In addition, the proximate analysis and profile of minerals of fresh seeds were examined. Seeds after drying underwent a significant reduction in length and width, unlike the thickness, porosity and sphericity. Also, differences in particle grain size were verified, caused by the shrinkage of seeds due to drying. The angle of repose and the specific heat were found to be close to 30° and 1.5 J/gK. In proximate and mineral analysis, high values for fibers were observed, 45.76% and 47.89%, for Cabernet Sauvignon and Ives seeds, respectively, and high quantities of calcium and magnesium in both varieties.Practical ApplicationsCurrently, government requirements have led to increased costs for treating wastes generated by food industries, which increases the importance of developing technologies that allow its reuse. The pomace consisting of peel, seed and stalk is the primary waste generated by the processing of grapes, and is used as animal feed or as fertilizer in vineyards. The determination of physical and chemical properties of agricultural products is of great importance for the design of equipments for cleaning, classification, drying, storage and pneumatic conveying systems to obtain a higher yield during processing. Considering that studies on the processing of grape seeds are scarce, this study aimed to analyze and compare physical and chemical characteristics of seeds of Cabernet Sauvignon and Ives grape varieties, possibiliting their application by industries of seed oil extraction.
Assessment on Rheological and Texture Properties of Xylitol‐Substituted Dadih
Authors: Mohd Thani Nurfatimah , Mustapa Kamal Siti Mazlina , Taip Farah Saleena , Awang Biak Dayang Radiah 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDadih is a dairy‐based dessert made of milk, water, sugar and agar, which is popular especially among South East Asian people. It has sweet taste due to high sugar content in its formulation. An excessive intake of sugar is harmful to human health, and it would be beneficial if the conventional sugar is replaced by a sugar substitute. In order to formulate a healthier dadih, xylitol was used to replace sucrose in three different levels of compositions (0, 50 and 100%), which xylitol provides intense sweetness with fewer calories. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of xylitol substitution on rheological and textural properties of xylitol‐substituted dadih. Process parameters were cooking temperatures (85–95C) and cooking times (10–20 min). It was found that cooking temperature had the biggest impact on dadih. All samples showed gel‐like behavior where the value of G′ (storage modulus) was higher than G″ (loss modulus). Samples that were prepared under high temperatures illustrated higher value of G′ with elastic gel property regardless of the xylitol composition. Sample prepared at 95C cooking temperature, 20‐min cooking time and 0% xylitol exhibited the highest value of hardness and internal gel strength with 0.892 N ± 0.002 and 0.248 N ± 0.006, respectively. In general, the presence of xylitol in dadih contributed to its softer texture compared to a product that is made from sucrose. However, xylitol‐substituted dadih prepared at 85C with longer cooking time (15 to 20 min) met the required texture as conventional dadih.Practical ApplicationsXylitol is currently one of most popular sugar replacement due to its abundance compensation to consumers' health. Thus, the study on the effect of xylitol substitution on different types of food can benefit the future of food industry. This research focused on finding the optimal xylitol substitution under different process conditions in dadih production. The rheological and texture analysis on samples with various process conditions and xylitol substitution confirmed that the physical properties of dadih are easily affected by these two factors. Physical properties of dadih have an important role in consumer's acceptability; hence, rheology and texture analysis are crucial to determine the physical properties of xylitol‐substituted dadih.
Effects of Selected Process Parameters on Physical and Sensorial Properties of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Skin Gelatin
Authors: Karayannakidis Panayotis D. , Chatziantoniou Soumela E. , Zotos Anastasios 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFour potential input variables, namely, acid concentration (0.01–0.1 mol/L), pretreatment time (1–3 h), extraction temperature (40–55C) and extraction time (1–6 h) were investigated to identify the key factors that affect gelatin yield and the physical (gel strength, viscosity and melting point) and sensorial (color, odor and overall liking) properties of gelatin produced from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) skins. For all processes employed, a preliminary two‐step alkaline pretreatment was applied using a 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for 30 min for each step. Factorial analysis indicated that acid concentration, extraction temperature and time, as well as the interaction term extraction temperature × extraction time were significant for gelatin yield, while acid concentration and the interaction term acid concentration × extraction time were important for the physical properties of gelatin (P < 0.05). Sensorial properties were affected by acid concentration only (P < 0.05). Sum scores analysis revealed that the most suitable process for gelatin manufacture from yellowfin tuna skins comprises of the preliminary two‐step alkaline pretreatment, followed by an acidic pretreatment using a 0.1 mol/L acetic acid solution for 1 h and subsequently extracting gelatin with water at 55C for 6 h.Practical ApplicationsProcessing of yellowfin tuna (T. albacares) in the north central coastal region ofGreece generates large amounts of byproducts (e.g., skins, bones, heads, scales and viscera), which can account for up to 50% of the total fish weight. Despite the presence of several valuable components, such as protein and lipid, yellowfin tuna processing byproducts are usually being dumped into landfills or end up as low commercial value products (e.g., animal feed). Utilization of the aforementioned byproducts, especially of collagen‐rich fish skins, for the production of gelatin, will not only increase their commercial value, but will also satisfy the needs of the fish processing industries that face waste disposal problems.
Development and optimization of a non‐enzymatic method of leukocyte isolation from macaque tissues
Authors: Pereira Lara E. , Makarova Natalia , Dobard Charles , Aubert Rachael D. , Srinivasan Priya , McNicholl Janet , Smith James M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground and MethodsCell isolation from macaque tissues involves laborious enzymatic digestion. The Medimachine provides a simpler, quicker non‐enzymatic method, yielding 1.5–5 million cells/g of vaginal or rectal tissue from pigtailed macaques.Results and ConclusionsFlow cytometry analysis of the two methods revealed similar levels of cell viability and most major cell lineage and activation markers.
MorphogenesbolAandmreBmediate the photoregulation of cellular morphology during complementary chromatic acclimation inFremyella diplosiphon
Authors: Singh Shailendra P. , Montgomery Beronda L. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryPhotoregulation of pigmentation during complementary chromatic acclimation (CCA) is well studied inFremyella diplosiphon; however, mechanistic insights into theCCA‐associated morphological changes are still emerging.F. diplosiphoncells are rectangular under green light (GL), whereas cells are smaller and spherical under red light (RL). Here, we investigate the role of morphogenesbolAandmreBduringCCAusing gene expression and gene function analyses. TheF. diplosiphon bolAgene is essential as its complete removal from the genome was unsuccessful. Depletion ofbolAresulted in slow growth, morphological defects and the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species in a partially segregated ΔbolAstrain. Higher expression ofbolAwas observed underRLand was correlated with lower expression ofmreBandmreCgenes in wild type. In a ΔrcaEstrain that lacks the red‐/green‐responsiveRcaEphotoreceptor, the expression ofbolAandmregenes was altered under bothRLandGL. Observed gene expression relationships suggest thatmreBandmreCexpression is controlled byRcaE‐dependent photoregulation ofbolAexpression. Expression ofF. diplosiphon bolAandmreBhomologues inEscherichia colidemonstrated functional conservation of the encoded proteins. Together, these studies establish roles forbolAandmreBinRcaE‐dependent regulation of cellular morphology.
NOS3 tagSNPs does not modify the chronic kidney disease progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Ramanathan Gnanasambandan , Periyasamy Soundararajan , Lakkakula Bhaskar VKS 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary and progressive renal disorder. It is also recognised as the most frequent genetic cause of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). In the present study, four tagging SNPs and two more well studied polymorphisms (Intron 4 VNTR and Glu298Asp) the NOS3 gene were investigated to unravel the potential modifier effect of NOS3 gene on the progression of CKD in ADPKD.MethodsA total of 102 ADPKD patients and 106 controls were selected for the study. The tagSNPs and Glu298Asp polymorphisms were genotyped using FRET‐based KASPar method and intron‐4 VNTR by polymerase chain reaction electrophoresis. The genotypes and haplotypes in the controls and ADPKD subjects were analysed by χ2 tests and haploview software. Mantel‐Haenszel stratified and univariate analyses were performed to estimate the influence of different genotypes between different CKD stages and hypertension.ResultsThe tagSNPs of NOS3 genotypes and haplotypes did not exhibit any significant differences between controls and ADPKD patients. The significant linkage disequilibrium was observed between the rs3918184 and rs2853796 by forming LD block. In univariate analysis, the age and family history of Diabetes mellitus (DM) showed significant association with advancement of CKD, but not with the eNOS polymorphisms.ConclusionsOur data suggests that there is no evidence for the involvement of NOS3 tag SNPs in the progression to CKD in ADPKD patients. A systematic study using well validated functional SNPs is necessary to clarify the role of the NOS3 gene in the development of CKD in ADPKD.
Factors associated with nonadherence to antihypertensive medication
Authors: Cho Su‐Jin , Kim Jinhyun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHypertension is one of the most serious health problems in Korea. The purpose of this paper is to identify factors associated with self‐reported nonadherence to an antihypertensive regimen. The data were obtained from the Korean Medical Panel 2008 and 2009 database, which were surveyed by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and National Health Insurance. We analyzed 5324 patients using multivariate logistic regression models. Self‐reported nonadherence was used as a dependent variable and demographic, socioeconomic, and health status were included as independent variables to investigate the associated factors. Among the patients who were diagnosed with hypertension, 13.2% did not take their medicine as prescribed. Age and education attainment level were statistically significant. Younger and lower educational attainment groups were less likely to adhere to medication regimens and showed a tendency not to take their medicine as prescribed. There were no statistically significant variables in terms of health status. Our findings suggest that nurses in clinical and community settings should pay more attention to hypertensive patients who are young and less educated.
Retrospective evaluation of antimicrobial prophylaxis in prevention of surgical site infection in the pediatric population
Authors: Shah Goonjan S. , Christensen Robert E. , Wagner Deborah S. , Pearce Bridget K. , Sweeney Jennifer , Tait Alan R. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesFew studies have been conducted in pediatric patients evaluating efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for prevention of surgical site infection (SSI). This retrospective study was undertaken to determine the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of SSI in children.MethodsWith IRB approval, our perioperative electronic clinical information database was queried. Pediatric patients (≤18 years) undergoing general surgery, cardiac surgery, and spinal surgery at Mott Children's Hospital from January 2000 to April 2010 were included. Demographics and preoperative data were obtained from the Centricity Intraoperative Database, and any episodes of SSI were obtained by review of the infection control records.ResultsA total 5023 pediatric patients underwent surgery from January 2000 to April 2010. The average age of the children in the sample was 4.16 ± 5.5 years, and of these, 57% were boys. Overall, 119 (2.37%) cases of SSI were identified. There were no associations between the various patient factors and the development of SSIs. Children for whom antibiotics were administered incorrectly had a 1.7‐fold increased risk of SSIs compared with children who received antibiotics within the recommended guidelines (P < 0.02). Children who received antibiotics were more likely to suffer an SSI compared with those who did not.ConclusionsProper administration of preoperative antibiotics in pediatric patients is one of the few modifiable and significant factors in prevention of SSI.
Pharmacokinetics of sufentanil administered with 0.2% ropivacaine as a continuous epidural infusion for postoperative pain relief in infants
Authors: Woloszczuk‐Gebicka Bogumila , Grabowski Tomasz , Borucka Beata , Karas‐Trzeciak Magdalena 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackground and objectivesOur objective was to assess plasma sufentanil concentrations and postinfusion pharmacokinetics in infants receiving 0.2% ropivacaine with sufentanil as a continuous epidural infusion for postoperative pain relief.MethodsWith consent of local ethics committee and informed parental consent, 20 infants 3–36 months old (m.o.) (median 9.3 m.o., 9.0 [3.5–15] kg, ASA PS I/II) were enrolled. Epidural catheter was placed under general anesthesia in L3–L4, L4–L5, or L2–L3 interspace and threaded not farther than 4 cm into epidural space. After initial bolus of 0.2% ropivacaine, 0.5 ml·kg−1 and sufentanil 200 ng·kg−1, continuous infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine, 0.3 mg·kg−1·h−1 with sufentanil 112 ng·kg−1·h−1 was started. For the postoperative period, sufentanil dose was reduced to 37 ng·kg−1·h−1. Blood samples were drawn at the end of surgery, 24 h later, by the end of 2nd day of infusion and after 3, 6, and 18 h from the end of infusion.Sufentanil was measured using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) procedure and HPLC‐MS/MS method with LOQ = 5 pg·ml−1.Results and conclusionsElimination of sufentanil following epidural administration was very slow, with MRT = 28.25 [18.36–44.75] h and t1/2 MRT = 19.57 [12.72–31.01] h. In infants, during a long‐term infusion of sufentanil with ropivacaine, the opioid concentration in plasma increases during the postoperative infusion itself, then increases even further after discontinuation of the infusion, in some cases reaching the values consistent with a potential risk of respiratory depression. Meticulous monitoring of the infants' vital signs is therefore mandatory not only during the infusion, but also for several hours after its discontinuation.
RNAi‐based Bean golden mosaic virus‐resistant common bean (Embrapa 5.1) shows simple inheritance for both transgene and disease resistance
Authors: Faria Josias C. , Valdisser Paula A. M. R. , Nogueira Elsa O. P. L. , Aragão Francisco J. L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) is the causal agent of bean golden mosaic of common beans. A transgenic bean line that has been developed based on RNA interference to silence the BGMV rep gene showed immunity to the virus. Crosses were done between the transgenic line and six bean cultivars followed by four backcrosses to the commercial cultivars ‘Pérola’ and ‘BRS Pontal’. The transgene locus was consistently inherited from the crosses analysed in a Mendelian fashion in the segregating populations. The disease resistance reaction co‐inherited with the transgene. Nevertheless, the expression of disease resistance displayed a dosage effect phenomenon in the F1 generation. The analysis of the homozygous near‐isogenic lines in field conditions, under high BGMV disease incidence, indicated that the transgenic lines were completely resistant. These results show the strength of the disease resistance obtained, the stability of the trait across generations and its usefulness in the management of a disease for which there is no reported Phaseolus germplasm with immunity.
Dynamic changes in volatile emissions of breeding burying beetles
Authors: Haberer Wolf , Steiger Sandra , Müller Josef K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBurying beetles reproduce on small vertebrate carcasses by exhibiting elaborate biparental brood care. Partner recognition in breeding Nicrophorus species (Coleoptera: Silphidae) relies substantially on information encoded in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Until recently, it was unknown whether breeding burying beetles also produce volatile low molecular weight substances and, if so, which functions can be attributed to such volatiles. The present study reports a survey of the volatiles released by males and females of Nicrophorus vespilloides Herbst in nonbreeding status and at different stages of breeding. Headspace analyses are performed by using solid phase micro‐extraction fibres and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The volatiles released by nonbreeding males and females include phenolic compounds, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones and are quite similar in both sexes. With the onset of breeding, the volatile profiles of males and females become distinct, with a number of female‐specific compounds occurring. An analysis of the anal secretions reveals the presence of some of the compounds previously detected in the headspace analysis. The specific chemical properties suggest that some of the volatiles may function against competitors and parasites, such as bacteria, fungi, nematodes and arthropods at the carcass breeding resource. By contrast, the emission of 4‐methyl branched esters by the females closely parallels the emission of the terpenoid methyl geranate and they may function together as a complex signal by the females. Signalling traits associated with biparental care and specific constraints associated with the ephemeral nature of the breeding resource may explain the occurrence of both groups of compounds in the volatile profiles.
Effects of group size on aggregation against desiccation in woodlice (Isopoda:Oniscidea)
Authors: Broly Pierre , Devigne Laëtitia , Deneubourg Jean‐Louis , Devigne Cédric 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAggregation in terrestrial isopods, a behaviour that results in the formation of dense clusters, is readily accepted as a mechanism of resistance to desiccation. Thus, aggregation is considered to be an adaptation to terrestrial life in this fully terrestrial suborder of crustaceans. In the present study ofPorcellio scaberLatreille, a cosmopolitan species, individual water loss is investigated experimentally as a function of the size of the aggregates and, for the first time, over a large range of group sizes (groups of 1, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 individuals). From the perspective of an isolated individual, aggregation behaviour is effective in reducing the rate of water loss whatever the group size, and reduces the individual water loss rate by more than half in large groups. However, the water loss rate of an individual follows a power law according to group size. Accordingly, if the addition of individuals to small groups strongly reduces the water losses per individual, adding individuals to large groups only slightly reduces the individual water losses. Thus, the successful reduction of the water loss rate by this aggregation behaviour is confirmed, although only up to a certain limit, particularly if the number of individuals per aggregate exceeds 50–60 under the experimental conditions used in the present study. Moreover, the individual surface area exposed to the air, as a function of group size, follows a similar pattern (i.e. a similar power law). Thus, a geometrical explanation is proposed for the nonlinear water losses in woodlice aggregates. These results are discussed in relation to the group sizes observed both in the laboratory and the field.
Hemoperfusion for the Treatment of Poisoning: Technology, Determinants of Poison Clearance, and Application in Clinical Practice
Authors: Ghannoum Marc , Bouchard Josée , Nolin Thomas D. , Ouellet Georges , Roberts Darren M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHemoperfusion is an extracorporeal treatment based on adsorption, historically reserved for the treatment of acute poisonings. Its use was popularized in the 1970s after several in vitro and animal experiments had demonstrated its efficacy, and was even preferred over hemodialysis in the management of overdosed patients.With the advent of new and more efficient dialytic modalities, hemoperfusion is now less frequently performed in the Western world. However, hemoperfusion still remains popular in developing countries. The present article reviews the technique of hemoperfusion, the factors influencing poison clearance through adsorption and its current applications.