bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-resolution high-speed dynamic mechanical spectroscopy of cells and other soft materials with the help of atomic force microscopy
Authors: Dokukin M. , Sokolov I. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS), which allows measuring frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties, is important to study soft materials, tissues, biomaterials, polymers. However, the existing DMS techniques (nanoindentation) have limited resolution when used on soft materials, preventing them from being used to study mechanics at the nanoscale. The nanoindenters are not capable of measuring cells, nanointerfaces of composite materials. Here we present a highly accurate DMS modality, which is a combination of three different methods: quantitative nanoindentation (nanoDMA), gentle force and fast response of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy. This new spectroscopy (which we suggest to call FT-nanoDMA) is fast and sensitive enough to allow DMS imaging of nanointerfaces, single cells, while attaining about 100x improvements on polymers in both spatial (to 10–70 nm) and temporal resolution (to 0.7s/pixel) compared to the current art. Multiple frequencies are measured simultaneously. The use of 10 frequencies are demonstrated here (up to 300 Hz which is a rather relevant range for biological materials and polymers, in both ambient conditions and liquid). The method is quantitatively verified on known polymers and demonstrated on cells and polymers blends. Analysis shows that FT-nanoDMA is highly quantitative. The FT-nanoDMA spectroscopy can easily be implemented in the existing AFMs.
Effect of proton-conduction in electrolyte on electric efficiency of multi-stage solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Matsuzaki Yoshio , Tachikawa Yuya , Somekawa Takaaki , Hatae Toru , Matsumoto Hiroshige , Taniguchi Shunsuke , Sasaki Kazunari 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are promising electrochemical devices that enable the highest fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiencies under high operating temperatures. The concept of multi-stage electrochemical oxidation using SOFCs has been proposed and studied over the past several decades for further improving the electrical efficiency. However, the improvement is limited by fuel dilution downstream of the fuel flow. Therefore, evolved technologies are required to achieve considerably higher electrical efficiencies. Here we present an innovative concept for a critically-high fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency of up to 85% based on the lower heating value (LHV), in which a high-temperature multi-stage electrochemical oxidation is combined with a proton-conducting solid electrolyte. Switching a solid electrolyte material from a conventional oxide-ion conducting material to a proton-conducting material under the high-temperature multi-stage electrochemical oxidation mechanism has proven to be highly advantageous for the electrical efficiency. The DC efficiency of 85% (LHV) corresponds to a net AC efficiency of approximately 76% (LHV), where the net AC efficiency refers to the transmission-end AC efficiency. This evolved concept will yield a considerably higher efficiency with a much smaller generation capacity than the state-of-the-art several tens-of-MW-class most advanced combined cycle (MACC).
Early detection of an epidemic erythromelalgia outbreak using Baidu search data
Authors: Gu Yuzhou , Chen Fengling , Liu Tao , Lv Xiaojuan , Shao Zhaoming , Lin Hualiang , Liang Chaobin , Zeng Weilin , Xiao Jianpeng , Zhang Yonghui , Huang Cunrui , Rutherford Shannon , Ma Wenjun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDozens of epidemic erythromelalgia (EM) outbreaks have been reported in China since the mid-twentieth century and the most recent happened in Foshan City, Guangdong Province early 2014. This study compared the daily case counts of this recent epidemic EM outbreak from February 11 to March 3 with Baidu search data for the same period. After keyword selection, filtering and composition, the most correlated lag of the EM Search Index was used for comparison and linear regression model development. This study also explored the spatial distribution of epidemic EM in China during this period based on EM Search Index. The EM Search Index at lag 2 was most significantly associated with daily case counts in Foshan (ρ = 0.863, P < 0.001). It captured an upward trend in the outbreak about one week ahead of official report and the linear regression analysis indicated that every 1.071 increase in the EM Search Index reflected a rise of 1 EM cases 2 days earlier. The spatial analysis found that the number of EM Search Indexes increased in the middle of Guangdong Province and South China during the outbreak period. The EM Search Index may be a good early indicator of an epidemic EM outbreak.
A double amino-acid change in the HLA-A peptide-binding groove is associated with response to psychotropic treatment in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Le Clerc S , Taing L , Fond G , Meary A , Llorca P-M , Blanc O , Beaune P , Rajagopal K , Jamain S , Tamouza R , Zagury J-F , Leboyer M 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe choice of an efficient psychotropic treatment for patients with schizophrenia is a key issue to improve prognosis and quality of life and to decrease the related burden and costs. As for other complex disorders, response to drugs in schizophrenia is highly heterogeneous and the underlying molecular mechanisms of this diversity are still poorly understood. In a carefully followed-up cohort of schizophrenic patients prospectively treated with risperidone or olanzapine, we used a specially designed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to perform a large-scale genomic analysis and identify genetic variants associated with response to psychotropic drugs. We found significant associations between response to treatment defined by the reduction in psychotic symptomatology 42 days after the beginning of treatment and SNPs located in the chromosome 6, which houses the human leukocyte antigen (HLA). After imputation of the conventional HLA class I and class II alleles, as well as the amino-acid variants, we observed a striking association between a better response to treatment and a double amino-acid variant at positions 62 and 66 of the peptide-binding groove of the HLA-A molecule. These results support the current notion that schizophrenia may have immune-inflammatory underpinnings and may contribute to pave the way for personalized treatments in schizophrenia.
c-Abl-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of JunB is required for Adriamycin-induced expression of p21
Authors: Yamaguchi Noritaka , Yuki Ryuzaburo , Kubota Sho , Aoyama Kazumasa , Kuga Takahisa , Hashimoto Yuuki , Tomonaga Takeshi , Yamaguchi Naoto 
Published: July 2015

The non-receptor-type tyrosine kinase c-Abl functions as a cytoplasmic signal transducer upon activation of cell-surface receptors. c-Abl is also involved in DDR (DNA-damage response), which is initiated in the nucleus, whereas its molecular functions in DDR are not fully understood. In the present study, we found that c-Abl phosphorylates JunB, a member of the AP-1 (activator protein 1) transcription factor family. Because JunB was suggested to be involved in DDR, we analysed the role of c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation of JunB in DDR. We first analysed phosphorylation sites of JunB and found that c-Abl majorly phosphorylates JunB at Tyr173, Tyr182 and Tyr188. Because c-Abl promotes expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 upon stimulation with the DNA-damaging agent Adriamycin (doxorubicin), we analysed the involvement of JunB in Adriamycin-induced p21 expression. We found that JunB suppresses p21 induction through inhibition of its promoter activity. The phosphomimetic JunB, which was generated by glutamic acid substitutions at the phosphorylation sites, failed to repress p21 induction. Recruitment of JunB to the p21 promoter was promoted by Adriamycin stimulation and was further enhanced by co-treatment with the c-Abl inhibitor imatinib. The phosphomimetic glutamic acid substitutions in JunB or Adriamycin treatment impaired the JunB–c-Fos transcription factor complex formation. Taken together, these results suggest that, although JunB represses p21 promoter activity, c-Abl phosphorylates JunB and conversely inhibits its suppressive role on p21 promoter activity upon Adriamycin stimulation. Therefore JunB is likely to be a key target of c-Abl in expression of p21 in Adriamycin-induced DDR.
Identification of residues in ABCG2 affecting protein trafficking and drug transport, using co-evolutionary analysis of ABCG sequences
Authors: Haider Ameena J. , Cox Megan H. , Jones Natalie , Goode Alice J. , Bridge Katherine S. , Wong Kelvin , Briggs Deborah , Kerr Ian D. 
Published: July 2015

ABCG2 is an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter with a physiological role in urate transport in the kidney and is also implicated in multi-drug efflux from a number of organs in the body. The trafficking of the protein and the mechanism by which it recognizes and transports diverse drugs are important areas of research. In the current study, we have made a series of single amino acid mutations in ABCG2 on the basis of sequence analysis. Mutant isoforms were characterized for cell surface expression and function. One mutant (I573A) showed disrupted glycosylation and reduced trafficking kinetics. In contrast with many ABC transporter folding mutations which appear to be ‘rescued’ by chemical chaperones or low temperature incubation, the I573A mutation was not enriched at the cell surface by either treatment, with the majority of the protein being retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Two other mutations (P485A and M549A) showed distinct effects on transport of ABCG2 substrates reinforcing the role of TM helix 3 in drug recognition and transport and indicating the presence of intracellular coupling regions in ABCG2.
High dynamic range microwave power sensor with thermopile and curled cantilever beam
Authors: Yan Jiabin , Liao Xiaoping , Yi Zhenxiang 
Published: July 2015

A high dynamic range microwave power sensor compatible with the gallium arsenide monolithic microwave integrated circuit process is presented. The power sensor consists of a thermoelectric power sensor and a capacitive power sensor for low and high power detection, respectively. To improve the dynamic range and optimise the impedance matching characteristic, the curled cantilever beam is utilised and the slot width of the coplanar waveguide transmission line is modified. The measured return loss is lower than –25.5 dB at 8–12 GHz. The output of the power sensor shows good linearity with the incident radio frequency power. For the incident power from 0.1 to 100 mW, the obtained sensitivities by a thermoelectric power sensor are about 0.0842, 0.0752 and 0.0701 mV/mW at 8, 10 and 12 GHz, respectively. For the incident power from 100 to 400 mW, the measured sensitivities by the capacitive power senor are about 0.0400, 0.0301 and 0.199 fF/mW at 8, 10 and 12 GHz, respectively.
Design of GSM/LTE multiband application for mobile phone antennas
Authors: Chou Yu‐Jen , Lin Guo‐Sheng , Chen Jun‐Fu , Chen Lih‐Shan , Houng Mau‐Phon 
Published: July 2015

A novel compact multiband planar antenna fed by a microstrip line structure is presented. The proposed antenna is developed for wireless communication applications of the global system for mobile (GSM) communication and long‐term evolution (LTE) in different service bands of 900, 1800, 1900, 2300, and 2500 MHz. The antenna has five bands, and the structure is a combination of a monopole antenna and a coupled ground line fabricated on an FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna can be embedded in mobile phones for GSM and LTE applications. The measured peak gains are ∼2.12 and 3.82 dBi for the GSM and LTE bands, respectively.
Head Enlargement in Infants Requiring Neurosurgical Care
Authors: Mittra Sangh , Ahmed Intezar , Kumar Raj , Arora Rajnish 
Published: July 2015

Head enlargement (macrocephaly) is not an uncommon neurosurgical condition in infants presenting to outpatient department and emergency departments of neurosurgery/gynecology/pediatrics. We conducted a prospective and retrospective study of head enlargement in infants requiring neurosurgical care, to establish etiology, imaging findings, clinical profile, and outcome, with emphasis on management. Over a period of 24 months, 65 cases presented with head enlargement.All had a history of cranial expansion from neonatal period. Of 65 patients, 30 could match the inclusion criteria and were selected for this study. Age group ranged from 151 to 180 days, consisted maximum numbers (n = 10; 33.3%) of cases; of 30 23 (76.7%) patients were males. Of 30, 21 (70%) patients were diagnosed to have hydrocephalus, 4 (13.3%) had Dandy–Walker malformation, 2 (6.7%) had subdural effusion, and 3 cases (10%) had other causes as primary diagnoses. All were offered standard treatment as described in literature according to their clinical conditions and stage of diseases which included shunts (ventriculoperitoneal—unilateral, biventricular, and cystoventriculoperitonal), Ommaya placement, craniotomy, burr holes, and conservative. Four shunts required revision during follow-up period. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 1 to 24 months. One child with the diagnosis of intracranial tumor died in postoperative period that is 1 month after the surgery due to disease-related morbidities. Thus, there are various causes of head enlargement in neonates where neurosurgical intervention may be required, the most common being the hydrocephalus, Dandy–Walker malformation followed by subdural effusion. The treatment depends on the diagnosis. Benign conditions such as subdural effusion do not require surgical intervention usually.
Flexible brain network reconfiguration supporting inhibitory control
Authors: Spielberg Jeffrey M. , Miller Gregory A. , Heller Wendy , Banich Marie T. 
Published: July 2015

Significance
The ability to inhibit distracting stimuli from interfering with goal-directed behavior is crucial for success in most spheres of life and is disrupted across a variety of disorders. Here we show via network analysis that global brain connectivity patterns change when inhibitory demands increase, including greater communication efficiency and robustness against disruption. In addition, the connectivity pattern of regions previously identified as crucial for inhibitory control (right inferior frontal gyrus and anterior insula) become more central network hubs, whereas dorsal anterior cingulate becomes more interconnected within its local network. Findings provide a framework to elucidate and differentiate difficulties in inhibitory control in clinical groups by examining connectivity of specific global network metrics and/or critical hubs known to influence inhibitory control.
Metabolite profiling stratifies pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas into subtypes with distinct sensitivities to metabolic inhibitors
Authors: Daemen Anneleen , Peterson David , Sahu Nisebita , McCord Ron , Du Xiangnan , Liu Bonnie , Kowanetz Katarzyna , Hong Rebecca , Moffat John , Gao Min , Boudreau Aaron , Mroue Rana , Corson Laura , O’Brien Thomas , Qing Jing , Sampath Deepak , Merchant Mark , Yauch Robert , Manning Gerard , Settleman Jeffrey , Hatzivassiliou Georgia , Evangelista Marie 
Published: July 2015

SignificanceTargeting cancer metabolism requires personalized diagnostics for clinical success. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by metabolism addiction. To identify metabolic dependencies within PDAC, we conducted broad metabolite profiling and identified three subtypes that showed distinct metabolite profiles associated with glycolysis, lipogenesis, and redox pathways. Importantly, these profiles significantly correlated with enriched sensitivity to a variety of metabolic inhibitors including inhibitors targeting glycolysis, glutaminolysis, lipogenesis, and redox balance. In primary PDAC tumor samples, the lipid subtype was strongly associated with an epithelial phenotype, whereas the glycolytic subtype was strongly associated with a mesenchymal phenotype, suggesting functional relevance in disease progression. Our findings will provide valuable predictive utility for a number of metabolic inhibitors currently undergoing phase I testing.
The isolation of an RNA aptamer targeting to p53 protein with single amino acid mutation
Authors: Chen Liang , Rashid Farooq , Shah Abdullah , Awan Hassaan M. , Wu Mingming , Liu An , Wang Jun , Zhu Tao , Luo Zhaofeng , Shan Ge 
Published: July 2015

Significance
We have developed a contrast screening strategy of systematic evolution of ligand exponential enrichment to isolate an RNA aptamer targeting specifically to p53R175H. This RNA aptamer partially rescued p53R175H in both cell cultures and tumor xenografts. p53 mutations are found in more than half of human cancers, and it is of biomedical significance to be able to isolate an RNA aptamer against a p53 mutation. This may also be the first report about an RNA aptamer specific to a mutant protein with a single amino acid change, and a plethora of human diseases are actually caused by single amino acid mutation. Thus, we present here a proof-of-concept study in isolating a specific and physiologically functional RNA aptamer against mutant protein with single amino acid substitution.
Baculovirus protein PK2 subverts eIF2α kinase function by mimicry of its kinase domain C-lobe
Authors: Li John J. , Cao Chune , Fixsen Sarah M. , Young Janet M. , Ono Chikako , Bando Hisanori , Elde Nels C. , Katsuma Susumu , Dever Thomas E. , Sicheri Frank 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Many pathogens use molecular mimicry to subvert key cellular processes of the host. RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), a member of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinase family, is an important component of innate immunity in vertebrates and has often been subjected to inhibition by viral mimicry. In this study we show that the paradigm of host–virus mimicry extends to invertebrates where there is no discernable PKR homologue. We characterize an eIF2α kinase-mimic protein called “PK2,” encoded by baculoviruses, that inhibits a heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI)-like eIF2α kinase, possibly through a lobe-swap mechanism. The inhibition of the HRI-like kinase confers a growth advantage to the baculovirus during infection of its insect host. These experiments suggest the independent emergence of eIF2α kinase antiviral defense mechanisms in vertebrates and invertebrates.
Role of ubiquitin and the HPV E6 oncoprotein in E6AP-mediated ubiquitination
Authors: Mortensen Franziska , Schneider Daniel , Barbic Tanja , Sladewska-Marquardt Anna , Kühnle Simone , Marx Andreas , Scheffner Martin 
Published: July 2015

SignificanceDeregulation of components of the ubiquitin–proteasome system contributes to the development of various diseases. A prominent example is the ubiquitin ligase E6AP/UBE3A, which is associated with three disorders: in complex with the E6 oncoprotein of human papillomaviruses, it contributes to cervical carcinogenesis; loss of E6AP expression results in the development of Angelman syndrome; and increased E6AP expression has been associated with autism spectrum disorders. This indicates that E6AP has to be tightly controlled; however, only little is known about how this is achieved. By analyzing the role of ubiquitin and the E6 oncoprotein in E6AP-mediated ubiquitination, we provide evidence that E6AP exists in an active state and a latent state and that its activity is controlled by allosteric effectors.
Sequence, structure, and cooperativity in folding of elementary protein structural motifs
Authors: Lai Jason K. , Kubelka Ginka S. , Kubelka Jan 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Although novel experimental approaches open exciting opportunities for understanding the elusive protein-folding pathways, interpreting experiments in terms of microscopic folding mechanisms often poses a serious challenge. Here, we demonstrate that extensive sets of global and site-specific unfolding data for two small proteins can be quantitatively explained by a simple statistical–mechanical model derived from known native protein structures. Remarkably, differences in folding between two proteins with similar structures are captured without need to consider sequence-specific interresidue interactions. This finding is significant because it implies that knowledge of the native structure—which implicitly includes sequence information—is sufficient for predicting detailed, site-specific folding mechanisms.
MIR retrotransposon sequences provide insulators to the human genome
Authors: Wang Jianrong , Vicente-García Cristina , Seruggia Davide , Moltó Eduardo , Fernandez-Miñán Ana , Neto Ana , Lee Elbert , Gómez-Skarmeta José Luis , Montoliu Lluís , Lunyak Victoria V. , Jordan I. King 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Insulators are genome sequence elements that help to organize eukaryotic genomes into coherent regulatory domains. Insulators can encode both enhancer-blocking activity, which prevents the interaction between enhancers and promoters located in distinct regulatory domains, and/or chromatin barrier activity that helps to delineate active and repressive chromatin domains. The origins and functional characteristics of insulator sequence elements are important, open questions in molecular biology and genomics. This report provides insight into these questions by demonstrating the origins of a number of human insulator sequences from a family of transposable-element–derived repetitive sequence elements: mammalian-wide interspersed repeats (MIRs). Human MIR-derived insulators are characterized by distinct sequence, expression, and chromatin features that provide clues as to their potential mechanisms of action.
Structural basis for inhibition of the histone chaperone activity of SET/TAF-Iβ by cytochromec
Authors: González-Arzola Katiuska , Díaz-Moreno Irene , Cano-González Ana , Díaz-Quintana Antonio , Velázquez-Campoy Adrián , Moreno-Beltrán Blas , López-Rivas Abelardo , De la Rosa Miguel A. 
Published: July 2015

SignificanceHistone chaperones are key regulators of transcriptional activity in damaged chromatin regions in the DNA damage response. Here we show that cytochromec(Cc) targets the histone chaperone SET/template-activating factor (TAF)-Iβ (SET/TAF-Iβ) in the cell nucleus upon DNA damage, resulting in the blocking of the SET/TAF-Iβ function. Ccis actually translocated into the nuclei of cells treated with specific DNA damage inducers and not upon death-receptor pathway or stress-induced stimuli. Cclocks the domains engaged in histone binding of SET/TAF-Iβ, inhibiting its nucleosome assembly activity. Structural characterization of the complex between Ccand SET/TAF-Iβ provides a valuable template for designing drugs aimed at silencing the oncogenic effect of SET/TAF-Iβ.
Sinuous flow in metals
Authors: Yeung Ho , Viswanathan Koushik , Compton Walter Dale , Chandrasekar Srinivasan 
Published: July 2015

Significance
It is counterintuitive, yet well known, that cutting a soft metal, vis-à-vis a hardened one, involves significantly larger forces, with the formation of a thick chip. Using in situ imaging we show that this phenomenon results from a hitherto unidentified flow mode in metals, called sinuous flow due to its repeatedly folded nature, that resembles irreversible flows in geological rocks and some complex fluids. We also demonstrate how sinuous flow can be suppressed, by simply applying common marking ink remote from the cutting interface—the forces are reduced significantly and the thick chip is eliminated. Besides explaining some important decades-old phenomena in metal cutting, our work has broad implications for many natural and industrial cutting processes.