bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and information governance proposes; human fallibility disposes
Authors: Renaud Karen 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– There is a strong drive within the UK's National Health Service (NHS) towards ensuring quality and reducing adverse events. This incorporates clinical governance, which applies to clinical activities, and information governance, which applies to preserving the confidentiality, availability and integrity of patient information. The purpose of this paper is to consider why humans make errors, how the current governance tools can minimise the incidence of such errors and the causatives that can increase the likelihood of an error. Errors sometimes lead to adverse events, which have to be reported. The latest adverse event reports from NHS Scotland, recently published on the BBC website, were analysed to identify major themes that emerged from the recommendations made by the investigative teams. These themes are then discussed in terms of how the current clinical governance tools should be applied to further reduce the incidence of adverse events. A revised clinical governance diagram that more clearly depicts the cross-cutting nature of the themes that emerged from the analysis is proposed. Finally some opportunities for future research are identified.

Design/methodology/approach
– Qualitative analysis of adverse incidence reports in order to identify causatives. Used the insights delivered by this analysis in order to propose a change to Scally and Donaldson's clinical governance diagram.

Findings
– A clear reliance on education and training by adverse event review teams was found, which suggests that they do not really understand what causes error, and they do not acknowledge the impact of the situation on the actors. Also – a tendency to define processes to cover all eventualities, even though some situations cannot be encoded as processes. The main insight is that there are a number of cross-cutting concerns which means that the original clinical governance diagram would benefit from a level of integration which is not currently present.

Research limitations/implications
– The analysed reports were severely redacted which meant that nuances of the situation could have been missed by the researcher. However, the recommendations were never redacted so the researcher focused on these.

Practical implications
– The paper, in general, highlights the need for a more nuanced approach to clinical governance and less reliance on education and training as the universal panacea.

Social implications
– Over reliance on education and training puts the blame on the person, and does not acknowledge the causatives in the situation. Acknowledging the more complex nature of the problem makes adverse events less blame-worthy and more likely to lead to real learning and effective mitigation.

Originality/value
– The author is not aware of anyone else having analysed these reports.
CGIJ review
Authors: MacVane Phipps Fiona 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Provides an overview of the content of the current issue of CGIJ.

Design/methodology/approach
– This review is prepared by the review editor to highlight key points within each article.

Findings
– Enables readers to scan content and select articles of most interest or relevance to their needs.

Originality/value
– CGIJ is the only Emerald health journal providing this service to its readers.
Taxing times? Smoker response to tax increases
Authors: Cowie Nathan , Glover Marewa , Gentles Dudley 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Taxing tobacco is one of the most effective means to reduce smoking but concerns about the impact on poor smokers are a barrier. New Zealand resumed increasing tobacco taxes in April 2010. The paper hypothesised smokers would attempt to stop smoking and/or adapt, changing their smoking behaviours in response to price increases. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors conducted a door knock survey of smokers and recent ex-smokers who were home when visited. Participants (n=428) were from socioeconomically deprived neighbourhoods of Auckland with large proportions of Māori and Pacific Island people.

Findings
– Many smokers (66 per cent) attempted to quit an average of 3 times. More than 40 per cent stopped for at least 24 hours without intending to quit altogether, monthly or more. Consumption reduced among 40 per cent of participants, by an average 7.1 cigarettes daily. More than a fifth of participants switched to cheaper brands. Switching from factory made cigarettes to roll your own tobacco (6 per cent) or vice versa (5 per cent) was uncommon.

Research limitations/implications
– The method resulted in a low response rate. Tobacco tax is associated with reduced consumption and high levels of frequent quit attempts in socioeconomically deprived communities therefore our study supports tax increases as a means of reducing smoking.

Originality/value
– This is the first paper to investigate the effect of large recent New Zealand tobacco tax increases on low-income smokers’ adaptive behaviours.
The prevalence of suicide attempts among community-dwelling US Chinese older adults – findings from the PINE study
Authors: Dong XinQi , Chen Ruijia , Chang E-Shien , A. Simon Melissa 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of suicide attempts and explore the suicide methods among community-dwelling Chinese older adults.Design/methodology/approach– Data were drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) study, a population-based epidemiological study of Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above in the greater Chicago area. Guided by the community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, the study enrolled 3,159 community-dwelling Chinese older adults from 2011 to 2013.Findings– The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts is 791 per 100,000 and the past 12-month prevalence of suicide attempts is 285 per 100,000. Medication overdose is the most common suicide method both in the group of lifetime suicide attempts and 12-month suicide attempts. Lower income is positively correlated with lifetime suicide attempts and 12-month suicide attempts. Living with fewer household members is positively correlated with lifetime suicide attempts but not with 12-month suicide attempts.Research limitations/implications– The findings emphasize the needs for improved understanding of suicidal behavior among minority older adults and to develop culturally and linguistically sensitive prevention and intervention strategies.Practical implications– Community stakeholders should improve the accessibility and availability of culturally sensitive mental health services and extend timely and effective suicide interventions in the Chinese community.Originality/value– This study represents the first and largest population-based epidemiological study to investigate the suicide attempts and methods among US Chinese older adults. In addition, the implementation of the CBPR approach allows us to minimize the cultural barriers associated with suicide investigation. The study emphasizes the need for improved understanding on suicidal behavior among minority older adults to inform culturally and linguistically sensitive prevention and intervention strategies.
Factors influencing attrition from a researcher training program
Authors: Schmidt David , Robinson Keira , Webster Emma 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– This study explored attrition from a novice health researcher training program. The aim of this paper was to identify factors contributing to attrition from the RRCBP that if understood could decrease attrition from this standalone researcher training program.Design/methodology/approach– Using a capacity building framework, this case-control study compared demographic characteristics and features of 30 withdrawn research trainees to 68 graduated trainees from the Rural Research Capacity Building Program, run by the Health Education and Training Institute of New South Wales, Australia between 2006 and 2010. Data were analysed using Exact Logistic Regression, Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests.Findings– An attrition rate of 29 per cent was associated with a range of individual, organisational and supra-organisational factors. Withdrawals occurred prior to ethics submission (n=13, 43 per cent), after unsuccessful ethics submission (n=8, 27 per cent), or after receiving ethics approval (n=9, 30 per cent). Clinicians were less likely to withdraw than non-clinical staff (p=0.03). Profession, project ownership, funding sources and type of research were not significant factors in attrition, while the effect of location was mixed indicating a potential impact of peer support networks in areas with high numbers of trainees.Practical implications– This research demonstrates attrition from a research training program is associated with trainees receiving appropriate and timely support. In the formative stages researchers require support, particularly those working in professional or geographical isolation.Originality/value– This study is the first of its kind in examining in detail reasons for withdrawal from a standalone research training program and will allow coordinators of similar programs to target support to vulnerable research trainees at critical time points.
Effect of surface roughness on magneto-hydrodynamic squeeze-film characteristics between a sphere and a porous plane surface
Authors: Bhujappa Naduvinamani Neminath , Rajashekar Mareppa 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this article is to analyse the effects of surface roughness on the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) squeeze-film characteristics between a sphere and a porous plane surface, which have not been studied so far.Design/methodology/approach– The analytical model takes into account the effect of porosity by assuming that the flow in the porous matrix obeys modified Darcy's law. The stochastic MHD Reynold's type equation is derived by using the Christensen's stochastic method developed for hydrodynamic lubrication of rough surfaces. Two types of one-dimensional surface roughness (radial and azimuthal) patterns are considered.Findings– The expressions for the mean MHD squeeze-film pressure and mean load-carrying capacity are obtained numerically. The results are shown graphically for selected representative parametric values. It is found that the response time increases significantly for the MHD case as compared to the corresponding non-conducting lubricants. The effect of roughness parameter is to increase/decrease the load-carrying capacity and the response time for azimuthal/radial roughness patterns as compared to the smooth case. Also, the effect of porous parameter is to decrease the load-carrying capacity and response time as compared to the solid case.Originality/value– In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse the combined effects of surface roughness and permeability on the MHD squeeze-film characteristics between a sphere and a plane surface.
Dry sliding of composites with PBT matrix and micro glass beads on steel
Authors: Georgescu Constantin , Deleanu Lorena , Botan Mihail 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– This research aims to characterize the tribological behavior of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and PBT composites with micro glass beads (MGB) on steel, in dry conditions and on a block-on-ring tester, pointing out the influence of sliding distance and speed. The tribology of PBT and its composites is still in an early stage because this thermoplastic polyester requires accurate technological and thermal treatment.

Design/methodology/approach
– The composites were produced by ICEFS Savinesti Romania and contain PBT grade Crastin6130NC010 (as supplied by Du Pont), 0.5 […] 1.0 per cent (weight) Relamyd B-2Nf (polyamide grade produced by ICEFS, for a better dispersion of MGB), 1 per cent (weight) black carbon for technological and tribological reasons and different micro glass beads (MGB) concentrations (10.0 and 20.0 per cent weight). Tests were done for different sliding distances (2,500, 5,000 and 7,500 m) and speeds (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s) and a normal load of 5 N.

Findings
– The friction coefficient and the wear parameter (as mass loss of polymeric blocks) pointed out a good tribological behavior for these composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed particular aspects of PBT local transfer on steel. Also, 10 per cent MGB in PBT reduces wear, especially for longer distances (75,000 m) and higher speeds (0.5 and 0.75 m/s); the friction coefficient is only slightly increased up to 0.23, being less influenced by the speed and the sliding distance as compared to neat polymer.

Originality/value
– PBT and PBT composites could become challengers for replacing materials in applications similar to tested ones. Even the neat polymer exhibits a good tribological behavior. The composites have a lower sensibility to higher speeds and sliding distances for the applied load.
Optimizing wear resistance of ceramic (TiN, WC and TiC) clad layer by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)
Authors: Peng De-Xing 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to compare the wear performance of carbon steel specimens clad with TiC, WC and TiN powders by the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) method under optimum processing conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
– Various ceramic powders (TiC, WC and TiN) with equal percentages by weight were prepared for use as cladding materials to compare their effects on wear resistance. The wear behaviors of different cladding specimens were evaluated with a rotating-type tribometer under dry sliding conditions. The cladding microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry.

Findings
– The experimental results confirmed that the hardness was also much higher in the carbon steel with cladding than in carbon steel without cladding. The pin-on-disc wear test showed that the wear-resistance of ceramics clad with TiC is better than that in ceramics clad with WC or TiN. The wear scar area of the specimen with TiC cladding was only one-tenth that of carbon steel without cladding.

Originality/value
– The experiments confirm that the cladding surfaces of ceramic particles reduce wear rate and friction.
Influence of hydroxyl group functionalization and alkyl chain length on physicochemical and antiwear properties of hexafluorophosphate imidazolium ionic liquids
Authors: Xia Yanqiu , Wang Zhihong , Song Yanxin 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The aim of the present paper is that three long-chain hydroxyethyl alkylimidazolium hexaﬂuorophosphate ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized and evaluated as lubricants for steel-steel contacts at room temperature and boundary lubrication conditions. Hydroxyethyl functional group and alkyl chain length effect on the physicochemical and fretting tribological behaviors of the ILs was comparatively investigated, as compared to traditional dialkylimidazolium ILs.

Design/methodology/approach
– The fretting friction and wear tests were carried out using an Optimol SRV-IV oscillating reciprocating friction and wear tester. The worn surface was observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical corrosion behavior of copper disks in selected imidazolium-based ionic liquids was studied using a CHI660B electrochemical workstation.

Findings
– This can be seen by comparing the results for the non-hydroxyl ILs and hydroxyl ILs that the latter exhibited the littler friction coefficient, the smaller wear volume, although the latter electrochemical corrosion behavior of copper disks is slightly higher than the former. The results also revealed that the ILs with a longer alkyl chain displayed larger viscosities, better anti-corrosion capacities, higher hydrophobic properties and more excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear performance than those with a shorter alkyl chain.

Originality/value
– This work might offer new knowledge in the design and application of new ILs as lubricants; it also confirms some in-depth physicochemical questions, e.g. the function mechanism, the correlations between structure and performance. Additionally, a proposed interaction model between the ILs and the friction substrate has been given.
Effect of surface roughness and elastic deformation on the performance of a magnetic fluid-based squeeze film in rotating porous annular plates
Authors: E. Shimpi Mukesh , Deheri Gunamani 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study and analyse the behaviour of a magnetic fluid-based squeeze film between rotating transversely rough porous annular plates, taking the elastic deformation into consideration.

Design/methodology/approach
– The stochastic film thickness characterizing the roughness is considered to be asymmetric with non-zero mean and variance and skewness while a magnetic fluid is taken as the lubricant. The associated stochastically averaged Reynolds-type equation is solved with appropriate boundary conditions to obtain the pressure distribution, which in turn is used to derive the expression for the load-carrying capacity.

Findings
– It is observed that the roughness of the bearing surfaces affects the performance adversely, although the bearing registers an improved performance owing to the magnetic fluid lubricant. Also, it is seen that the deformation causes reduced load-carrying capacity. The bearing can support a load even in the absence of flow, unlike the case of conventional lubricants.

Originality/value
– The originality of the paper lies in the fact that the negative effect of porosity, deformation and standard deviation can be minimized to some extent by the positive effect of the magnetic fluid lubricant in the case of negatively skewed roughness by suitably choosing the rotational inertia and aspect ratio. This effect becomes sharper when negative variance occurs.
Design and fast verification of pocket elliptical journal bearings
Authors: Stefani Fabrizio 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to conceive a fast method to verify design and performance of elliptical pocket journal bearings.

Design/methodology/approach
– The computer-aided verification of pocket journal bearings is performed by means of a suitable finite element analysis method.

Findings
– The results of sample analyses indicate that the machining tolerances are very influential on elliptical pocket bearing performances, and they must be included among the input data.

Originality/value
– Although elliptical pocket bearings are widely used in turbomachineries, the influence of their design on performance has not been specifically investigated. A lot of works about tribological models are available, but few of them focus on their application to bearing design at the industrial level.
Investigation on the application of YAG laser texturing technology to the cylinder wall of auto engine
Authors: Zhan Jian , Yang Mingjiang 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study was to develop a new approach using a pulse YAG laser with rational power density and pulse width to texture desired discrete distribution morphology on the cylinder wall.

Design/methodology/approach
– Variational rules of the effects of these three parameters were found by calculating the oil film on the cylinder/piston ring system. The experiment results were compared between laser texturing cylinders and conventional honing cylinders.

Findings
– It was found that the coefficient of friction and wear rate of laser texturing cylinders were reduced by 50 and 85.7 per cent, respectively, and the piston ring wear rate was decreased by 50 per cent under full lubrication condition. Under starved lubrication condition, the cylinder liner wear was reduced by 34.3 per cent.

Originality/value
– The effectiveness of which was determined by three control parameters: depth-to-diameter ratio, area density and distribution angle of the dimples.
Whose online reviews have the most influences on consumers in cultural offerings? Professional vs consumer commentators
Authors: Chiou Jyh-Shen , Hsiao Cheng-Chieh , Su Fang-Yi 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– To improve the effectiveness of online reviews in the cultural industries, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of online cultural reviews of professional and consumer commentators on consumer responses toward elite and mass cultural offerings by drawing upon associative learning theory and social influence theory.Design/methodology/approach– This study used a 2 (cultural offerings: elite vs mass)×2 (commentators: professional vs consumer) between-participants factorial design to examine the proposed hypotheses. A total of 195 participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental cells.Findings– The ANOVA results indicate that the credibility of online cultural reviews is significantly higher for professional commentators than for consumer commentators across both elite and mass cultural offerings. Furthermore, the results confirm that there is a significant cultural offering type by commentator interaction on a consumer's offering evaluation, overall attitude, and behavioral intention.Research limitations/implications– This study provides strong support for the congruence between cultural commentators and cultural offerings in online cultural reviews. The findings can also effectively explain the weak correlation between professional judgments and popular appeal.Practical implications– For better effectiveness of online cultural reviews, the findings recommend cultural marketers that the use of professional commentators is effective for elite cultural offerings, whereas the use of consumer commentators is effective for mass cultural offerings.Originality/value– This study proposes a useful dichotomy to classify cultural offerings as elite and mass. Meanwhile, this study is one of the first to examine the congruence between cultural offerings and cultural commentators in online reviews.
Strategic flexibility and SME performance in an emerging economy
Authors: Guo Hai , Cao Zhi 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– This study aims to address the following question: when strategic flexibility can be most beneficial to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the context of emerging economies.Design/methodology/approach– Drawing on dynamic capabilities perspective, this study builds a contingency model and examines it with survey data collected from 166 SMEs in China.Findings– This study finds that the relationship between strategic flexibility and firm performance is extensively moderated by external (competitive intensity and environmental munificence), internal (resource combination activities), as well as bridging factors (managerial ties).Originality/value– The findings contribute to the contingency view of strategic flexibility and firm performance research by incorporating insights from the dynamic capabilities perspective and by expanding the scope of existing research to emerging economies.