bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of body position on electrocardiographic recordings in dogs
Authors: Stern JA , Hinchcliff KW , Constable PD 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo determine whether body position (standing vs right lateral recumbency) altered the quality of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and value ofECGvariables in dogs when theECGwas recorded using American Heart Association guidelines for frequency response.DesignCrossover study using a convenience sample.MethodsECGswere recorded twice in 65 sled dogs in random order with each dog standing or placed in right lateral recumbency. LeadIIand three semi‐orthogonal leads (I,aVF, andV10) were recorded and muscle tremor artefact was assessed.ResultsLeadII ECGsobtained from dogs in right lateral recumbency had less muscle tremor artefact and consequently a shorterQRSduration thanECGsobtained with the dogs standing. TheP,Q,RandSwave amplitudes differed in selected leads and the mean electrical axis was shifted 20° to the right when dogs were in right lateral recumbency.ConclusionsRight lateral recumbency improves the quality ofECGrecording in dogs by decreasing muscle tremor artefact, alters the amplitude ofP,RandSwaves in specific leads and results in a rightward shift in the mean electrical axis, relative to standing.
How Social Safety Net Programs Affect Family Economic Well‐Being, Family Functioning, and Children's Development
Authors: Gassman‐Pines Anna , Hill Zoelene 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFollowing changes to federal cash assistance programs in 1996, low‐income families now rely on a set of social programs: the Earned Income Tax Credit, food assistance, publicly funded health insurance, and child‐care subsidies. In this review, we present evidence on the effects of these programs on families' economic circumstances, families' psychological well‐being and functioning, and children's developmental outcomes. Social safety net programs improve families' economic circumstances, thereby achieving their primary goal. Few studies have examined impacts on children's developmental outcomes but overall, programs improve children's academic, behavioral, and physical well‐being. Even fewer studies have examined impacts on parents' psychological well‐being or family functioning, leaving gaps in the literature. The review concludes with discussions of the Great Recession and whether effects found during stronger economic times generalize to the most recent economic crisis, and with a discussion of social safety net policies in countries outside the United States.
Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a study of fine needle aspiration cytology in 20 patients
Authors: Takagi N. , Hirokawa M. , Nobuoka Y. , Higuchi M. , Kuma S. , Miyauchi A. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundA diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSV‐PTC) is a rare variant and reports describing the cytological findings are few.Patients and MethodsWe studied 24 cytological samples from thyroid fine needle aspirates of 20 patients with DSV‐PTC. The specimens were taken from 14 non‐nodular lesions and 10 nodules.ResultsAll aspirates taken from both non‐nodular lesions and nodules had sufficient cellularity. The carcinoma cells frequently (70–100%) appeared as solid cell balls and hollow balls, and showed a hobnail pattern, squamous differentiation, septate cytoplasmic vacuoles and large unilocular vacuoles. Most of the carcinoma cells seem to be taken from the lumen of dilated lymph vessels. Ground glass nuclear chromatin, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions and grooved nuclei were infrequent (50% or less). In the background, a large number of lymphocytes and abundant psammoma bodies were almost always seen.ConclusionsCytological findings of DSV‐PTC are as follows: (1) solid cell balls and/or hollow balls containing lymphocytes; (2) hobnail cells; (3) septate cytoplasmic vacuoles; (4) large unilocular vacuoles; (5) squamous differentiation; (6) abundant psammoma bodies; (7) lymphocytic background; and (8) the absence or relative lack of characteristic nuclear features of papillary carcinoma. When DSV‐PTC is suspected by ultrasound examination, the aspiration cytology from a non‐nodular area of the thyroid can led us to the diagnosis of the variant.
Extracting knowledge from web communities and linked data for case‐based reasoning systems
Authors: Sauer Christian Severin , Roth‐Berghofer Thomas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWeb communities and the Web 2.0 provide a huge amount of experiences and there has been a growing availability of Linked (Open) Data. Making experiences and data available as knowledge to be used in case‐based reasoning (CBR) systems is a current research effort. The process of extracting such knowledge from the diverse data types used in web communities, to transform data obtained from Linked Data sources, and then formalising it for CBR, is not an easy task. In this paper, we present a prototype, the Knowledge Extraction Workbench (KEWo), which supports the knowledge engineer in this task. We integrated the KEWo into the open‐source case‐based reasoning tool myCBR Workbench. We provide details on the abilities of the KEWo to extract vocabularies from Linked Data sources and generate taxonomies from Linked Data as well as from web community data in the form of semi‐structured texts.
Mixed mode stress intensity factors for elliptical subsurface cracks in an elastic half‐space subjected to a uniform normal loading
Authors: Ghajar R. , Alizadeh K. J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAn elliptical subsurface crack under normal loading may experience mixed fracture modes due to the non‐symmetrical geometry. This paper investigates the coupling of the modes of elliptical subsurface cracks subjected to a uniform normal loading. First, a three‐dimensional finite element model of a crack in an infinite space has been developed and validated. Then, by moving the crack close to surface, mixed mode SIFs have been calculated for a wide range of elliptical subsurface cracks under uniform normal loading. Cracks with aspect ratios of 0.2–1.0 and ratios of crack depth to crack length from 0.05 to infinity have been investigated through 50 finite element analyses. In this range, KII/KI and KIII/KI ratios increase up to 68.9% and 9.4%, respectively. Three equations for mode I, II and III SIFs have been obtained by fitting to the finite element results. These equations can be used efficiently as reference SIFs for extracting the weight functions.
Spatial heterogeneity of diatom silicification and growth in a eutrophic reservoir
Authors: Znachor Petr , Visocká Veronika , Nedoma Jiří , Rychtecký Pavel 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Diatoms are one of the most important phytoplankton groups. As they grow, diatoms use silicon to produce a siliceous frustule, which protects the cell. During April–November 2011, at 1–3 week intervals, we estimated diatom silicification rates at two distinct sites along the longitudinal profile of the canyon‐shaped eutrophic Římov Reservoir (Czech Republic): (i) a nutrient‐depleted lacustrine zone near the dam and (ii) a nutrient‐rich transition zone upstream near the river inflow.

Diatom silicification was estimated using the 24‐h in situ incubation of natural phytoplankton assemblage with a fluorophore 2‐(4‐pyridyl)‐5‐{[4‐(2‐dimethylaminoethyl‐aminocarbamoyl)methoxy]phenyl}oxazole (PDMPO) which fluorescently stains the newly synthesised diatom frustules.

Diatoms contributed an average c. 40% to the total phytoplankton biovolume in the lacustrine zone, but only c. 20% in the transition zone where a cyanobacterial bloom developed during summer. Asterionella formosa and Fragilaria crotonensis were the most abundant diatom species, while Aulacoseira italica, Nitzschia acicularis, Synedra acus and Stephanodiscus sp. were less important. Silicification rates of all diatom species were significantly higher in the transition zone than at the dam.

The intensity of PDMPO fluorescence per diatom cell was tightly related to the growth rates of three diatom species calculated from changes in cell counts during the incubation. The PDMPO technique can thus be used as a proxy for diatom growth.

Growth rates of the two most abundant diatom species were positively correlated with daily light exposure but not with nutrient concentrations.
The captive guest: spider webs of hospitality among the Nuosu of Southwest China
Authors: SWANCUTT KATHERINE 
Published: June 2013

An unstable mode of hospitality underpins an important ethnographic finding among the Nuosu of Southwest China: namely the notion that each person ‘hosts’ his or her own soul, which takes the form of a ‘soul‐spider’ residing on the outer surface of the human body. Famous for their slaveholding practices, which were disbanded by the Chinese in 1956‐7, the Nuosu nowadays take ‘captive guests’, to underscore lineage rankings within their spidery cosmology. Exploring the captive position of outsiders – including anthropologists – to the Nuosu home, the paper gives a case study of an ‘inhospitable’ dispute between a shaman and his employer at an ethnological institute. Showing why every host wishes to prevent the captive guest from ever reciprocating his or her hospitality, the paper introduces the Nuosu ‘spider‐slave complex’, which entails gathering the fullness of life through attachments to the lineage, captive guests, and the person's own soul‐spider.RésuméLes matériaux ethnographiques recueillis auprès des Nuosu du Sud‐ouest de la Chine font apparaître un mode d’hospitalité instable : l’idée que chaque personne « héberge » son âme, sous la forme d’une « araignée de l’âme » résidant sur la surface externe du corps humain. Connus pour leurs pratiques esclavagistes abolies par les Chinois en 1956‐57, les Nuosu prennent aujourd’hui des « invités captifs » pour souligner les positions des lignages dans leur cosmologie arachnide. En réfléchissant à la captivité des étrangers, y compris les anthropologues, dans la maison nuosu, l’article présente le cas d’une controverse « inhospitalière » entre un chaman et son employeur dans un institut d’ethnologie. En montrant pourquoi les hôtes veulent toujours empêcher leurs invités captifs de leur rendre leur hospitalité, l’auteure décrit le « complexe esclave‐araignée » des Nuosu, qui implique que la plénitude de la vie s’obtient par des rattachements à son lignage, aux invités captifs, et à sa propre araignée de l’âme.
The poisoner and the parasite: cosmoeconomics, fear, and hospitality among Dechen Tibetans
Authors: COL GIOVANNI DA 
Published: June 2013

Since the early twentieth century, travellers and explorers of the Tibetan‐speaking world have reported a host of beliefs concerning the existence of households of mysterious poisoners allegedly killing their guests and visitors. Hitherto, no one has explained the phenomenon. This paper examines the role of poisons in Tibetans' social life and imagination by exploring the interface between cosmology, the economies of fortune, and hospitality in Northwest Yunnan, a Sino‐Tibetan border region where fears of poisoning proliferate against a background of tourist development following its nomination as China's official ‘Shangri‐la’. By unfolding the figure of the parasite, this paper argues that poisoning fears disclose the profound anxieties underlying the cosmography of the flows of fortune and vitality mobilized in the constitution of ritual kinship and relatedness in hospitality settings. Poisoning fears draw on the traumatic events in which the flows of one's reproductive energies are imagined to be parasitized or ultimately severed.RésuméDepuis le début du vingtième siècle, les voyageurs et les explorateurs des régions de langue tibétaine rapportent d'innombrables croyances sur l'existence de maisons où de mystérieux empoisonneurs assassineraient invités et visiteurs. Personne n'a encore pu expliquer ce phénomène. L'auteur étudie ici le rôle des poisons dans la vie sociale et l'imagination des Tibétains, en explorant l'interface entre cosmologie, économie de la chance et hospitalité dans le nord‐ouest du Yunnan, une région frontalière sino‐tibétaine où la crainte de l'empoisonnement prolifère dans un contexte de développement touristique faisant suite à la désignation de la région comme « Shangri‐la » officiel de la Chine. En dévoilant la figure du parasite, l'article avance que les craintes d'empoisonnement révèlent les angoisses profondes qui sous‐tendent la cosmographie des flux de la fortune et de la vitalité, mobilisés dans la constitution de la parenté rituelle et de l'apparentement dans le cadre de l'hospitalité. La crainte de l'empoisonnement s'appuie sur les événements traumatisants par lesquels on imagine que le flux des énergies reproductives de l'individu peut être parasité, voire interrompu.
Pleasures that differentiate: transformational bodies among the Tupinambá of Olivença (Atlantic coast, Brazil)
Authors: DE MATOS VIEGAS SUSANA 
Published: June 2013

In this article I propose an ethnographic analysis of change and continuity as a transformational process lived in the body by the Tupinambá of Olivença (Brazil). This perspective provides an alternative to the models of either acculturation or ethnic resurgence that currently pervade approaches to indigenous people such as the Tupinambá, who were settled on the Brazilian Atlantic coast, by missionaries, in the seventeenth century. The ethnographic analysis suggests that in the Tupinambá case, transformational ethnic processes partially depend on corporeal dispositions towards drinking manioc beer. The argument is informed by multiple comparisons with reference to Americanist debates about Amazonian studies as well as to sixteenth‐century ethnological sources about the Tupi of the Atlantic coast.RésuméL'auteure propose ici une analyse ethnographique du changement et de la continuité en tant que processus transformationnel physique vécu par les Tupinambá d'Olivença, au Brésil. Ce point de vue constitue une alternative aux modèles d'acculturation ou de résurgence ethnique qui envahissent aujourd'hui l'approche des peuples autochtones tels que les Tupinambá, sédentarisés sur la côte atlantique du Brésil par les missionnaires au XVIIèmesiècle. L'analyse ethnographique suggère que dans le cas des Tupinambá, les processus ethniques transformationnels dépendent en partie d'une disposition physique à la consommation de bière de manioc. Cet argument est étayé par de nombreuses comparaisons faisant référence aux débats des américanistes sur les études amazoniennes et sur des sources ethnologiques du XVIèmesiècle relatives aux Tupi de la côte atlantique.
Between preferences: marriage and mobility among Danish Pakistani youth
Authors: RYTTER MIKKEL 
Published: June 2013

International literature shows that second‐generation Pakistanis in the United Kingdom to a large extent marry spouses from the extended family in Pakistan. A similar picture was also recently to be found in Denmark. However, strict Danish legislation on family reunification introduced in 2002 and an increasing number of local love marriages have changed the overall picture. This article discusses how the new marriage preferences affect common notions of family relatedness, and suggests that young couples' decision to engage in a love marriage constitutes an act of symbolic mobility. Ultimately, Danish Pakistanis are split between the marriage preferences set up by their families, the Danish nation‐state, and themselves. In this respect, marriage not only is about entering adulthood and deciding one's future, but also constitutes a process where notions of identity and belonging are negotiated within local and transnational families.RésuméDe nombreuses publications internationales montrent que les Pakistanais de deuxième génération au Royaume‐Uni se marient souvent au sein de leur famille élargie au Pakistan. Un constat semblable a aussi été dressé récemment pour le Danemark, mais la rigueur de la législation sur le regroupement familial votée en 2002 dans ce dernier pays et le nombre croissant de mariages d'amour locaux sont venus changer la donne. L'article décrit les conséquences des nouvelles préférences matrimoniales sur les conceptions habituelles de liens de parenté et suggère que la décision des jeunes couples de contracter un mariage d'amour constitue un acte de mobilité symbolique. En fin de compte, les jeunes Pakistanais du Danemark sont partagés entre les préférences matrimoniales établies par leur famille, l'État‐nation danois et eux‐mêmes. Le mariage n'est pas seulement un passage à l'âge adulte et une décision sur son propre avenir: il constitue aussi un processus au fil duquel les notions d'identité et d'appartenance se négocient au sein des familles locales aussi bien que transnationales.
Islamic reflexivity and the uncritical subject
Authors: TAMBAR KABIR 
Published: June 2013

This essay examines the politics of reflexive discourse in the contemporary Muslim world, interrogating the social, affective, and material mediation of its expression. I focus on Turkey's Alevi community, for whom the encounter with modern reflexive media has proved deeply ambivalent. If available genres of public reflexive discourse enable Alevi participation in national public debate, such discursive media also sustain a disciplinary impetus, in which certain genres of argument and forms of subjectivity are valued as critical in contrast to others that are deemed to be insufficiently detached or excessively impassioned. The boundary between the critical and the uncritical, I argue, represents an ideological partition, a condition of social intelligibility, and an institutionally enforced limit to viable subjectivity. Interrogating this partitioning, I thematize a particular understanding of the politics of reflexive discourse, in which existing institutional architectures motivate the production of certain kinds of reflexive subjects at the expense of others, by disciplining affective potentials, moral sensibilities, and modes of historical consciousness.RésuméLe présent essai étudie la politique du discours réflexif dans le monde musulman contemporain, en interrogeant la médiation sociale, affective et matérielle de son expression. Il se concentre sur la communauté alévie de Turquie, dont la rencontre avec les médias réflexifs modernes s'avère profondément ambivalente. Bien que les genres de discours réflexif public disponibles permettent aux Alévis de participer au débat public national, ils sont aussi porteurs d'une dynamique disciplinaire en cela que certains genres d'arguments et certaines formes de subjectivités seraient préférables car estimés critiques là ou d'autres sont jugés trop peu détachés ou excessivement passionnées. La limite entre critique et non critique représente, selon l'auteur, une ligne de partage idéologique, une condition d'intelligibilité sociale et une limite imposée par les institutions à une subjectivité viable. En interrogeant ce cloisonnement, l'auteur explore une compréhension particulière de la politique du discours réflexif dans laquelle les architectures institutionnelles existantes motivent la production de certains types de sujets réflectifs au détriment des autres, en disciplinant les potentiels affectifs, les sensibilités morales et les modes de conscience historique.
Topical Tretinoin Treatment in Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: BRENNER SARAH , WOLF RONNI , DASCALU DANA I. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. The efficiency of topical tretinoin was examined in a patient with basal cell carcinomas (BCC) for which conventional means of removal was inappropriate.METHODS. Topical tretinoin was used to treat multiple arsenic‐induced superficial BCCs in a 64‐year‐old woman. Topical tretinoin (0.05% twice daily) was administered to four lesions for 3 weeks followed by a 3‐week interruption.RESULTS. After three cycles of treatment clinical healing of all the lesions was observed. Histopathological examination of the lesional biopsies showed no evidence of a tumor. However, 9 months later all four lesions relapsed and surgical excision disclosed BCC.CONCLUSION. The data indicate that topical tretinoin treatment of multiple superficial BCCs induces clinical and pathological regression of the lesions with a high rate of relapse. This report suggests that topical tretinoin is not an effective therapy for the cure of arsenic‐induced superficial BCCs.
The Nasolabial Fold Donor Site for Full‐Thickness Skin Grafts of Nasal Tip Defects
Authors: BOOTH SALLY A. , ZALLA MARK J. , ROENIGK RANDALL K. , PHILLIPS PAMELA K. 
Published: June 2013

background. The nasal tip has unique skin texture, geographic, and topographic qualities that frequently make repair of defects in this area difficult from the standpoint of function and cosmesis.objective. To assess seven outcome variables of function and cosmesis in 41 patients who underwent nasolabial graft repair for nasal tip defects.methods. A retrospective review of photographic and written records as well as person to person and phone interviews with 41 patients who underwent nasolabial graft repair of nasal tip defects after Mohs micrographic surgery was performed. Seven outcome variables were assessed. Follow‐up periods ranged from 3 to 28 months.results. Patient and doctor evaluators rated overall outcome as good or excellent in 95% and 89% of cases respectively.conclusion. We consider the nasolabial graft to be an important reconstructive option for nasal tip defects when the underlying cartilage is not involved.
Scalp Extension
Authors: FRECHET PATRICK 
Published: June 2013

background. Surgery to correct extensive alopecia requires increasing the surface of hair‐bearing scalp and removing bald scalp. Two commonly used methods, scalp expansion and scalp reduction, have disadvantages.objective. To describe a new method, scalp extension, that employs a thin sheet of bioplastic (an extender) stretched and attached with hooks to the galea after scalp reduction.methods. The surgical technique is described and the results compared with those of patients who have undergone scalp reduction and scalp expansion. A study of the first fifteen cases treated is presented.results. During the few weeks that the extender is implanted, the constant tension it exerts on the galea causes a progressive stretching of the scalp. Data from the first fifteen cases treated reveal eradication of more extensive bald areas than with scalp reduction, making it possible to cut the number of operations necessary in half while considerably shortening total treatment time. The absence of major side effects, along with the absence of any deformation of the scalp (unlike scalp expansion), explains the excellent acceptability of the instrument by patients.conclusion. Scalp extension appears to be a useful adjunctive technique in hair replacement and reconstructive surgery, and has distinct advantages over standard scalp reduction and tissue expansion techniques.
Basics of Cutaneous Wound Repair
Authors: CLARK RICHARD A. F. 
Published: June 2013

background. Cutaneous wound repair consists of multiple integrated networks of cell‐matrix‐cytokine interactions. It is generally believed that a better understanding of these networks will lead to improved care of cutaneous wounds, whether freshly made by the surgeon's scalpel or previously existing and not healing secondary to underlying abnormalities.objective. This review is intended to update the readership in some of the salient aspects of wound repair networks.methods. To facilitate the review of multiple integrated networks, cutaneous wound repair was arbitrarily divided into three phases: inflammation, tissue regeneration including re‐epithelialization and granulation tissue formation, and tissue reorganization.results. Throughout the entire process of wound repair it is clear that cells produce or alter various cytokines and extracellular matrix. The cytokines and matrix in turn alter the behavior of the producer cells (autocrine response) or neighbor cells (paracrine response).conclusion. The dynamic reciprocity among cells, cytokines, and matrix material helps explain how integrated wound healing networks are sequential as well as tightly controlled.