bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equation of State, Nonlinear Elastic Response, and Anharmonic Properties of Diamond-Cubic Silicon and Germanium: First-Principles Investigation
Authors: Wang Chenju , Gu Jianbing , Kuang Xiaoyu , Xiang Shikai 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Nonlinear elastic properties of diamond-cubic silicon and germanium have not been investigated sufficiently to date. Knowledge of these properties not only can help us to understand nonlinear mechanical effects but also can assist us to have an insight into the related anharmonic properties, so we investigate the nonlinear elastic behaviour of single silicon and germanium by calculating their second- and third-order elastic constants. All the results of the elastic constants show good agreement with the available experimental data and other theoretical calculations. Such a phenomenon indicates that the present values of the elastic constants are accurate and can be used to further study the related anharmonic properties. Subsequently, the anharmonic properties such as the pressure derivatives of the second-order elastic constants, Grüneisen constants of long-wavelength acoustic modes, and ultrasonic nonlinear parameters are explored. All the anharmonic properties of silicon calculated in the present work also show good agreement with the existing experimental results; this consistency not only reveals that the calculation method of the anharmonic properties is feasible but also illuminates that the anharmonic properties obtained in the present work are reliable. For the anharmonic properties of germanium, since there are no experimental result and other theoretical data till now, we hope that the anharmonic properties of germanium first offered in this work would serve as a reference for future studies.
Direct Similarity Reduction and New Exact Solutions for the Variable-Coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili Equation
Authors: El-Shiekh Rehab M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this paper, the generalized (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation (VCKPE), which can describe nonlinear phenomena in fluids or plasmas, is studied by using two different Clarkson and Kruskal (CK) direct methods, namely, the classical CK and the modified enlarged CK method. A similarity reduction to a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation and a direct similarity reduction to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation are obtained, respectively. By solving the reduced ordinary differential equation, new solitary, periodic, and singular solutions for the VCKPE are obtained. Some figures for the soliton and periodic wave solutions are given to reflect the effect of the variable coefficients on the solution propagation. Finally, the comparison between the two different CK techniques indicates that the modified enlarged CK technique is clearly more powerful and simple than the classical CK technique.
Application of Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Relaxometry to Study the Influence of the Environment on the Surface of the Crystallites of Powder
Authors: Sinyavsky Nikolay Ya. , Mershiev Ivan G. , Kupriyanova Galina S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The results of the experimental study of the influence of the environment surrounding the surface of the crystallites of a KClO3 powder on the distribution of the spin–spin and spin–lattice relaxation times for 35Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance are described. It was found that the distributions of the spin–lattice relaxation times are unimodal and distributions of the spin–spin relaxation times are bimodal for all samples we studied. T
1 – T
2 and T
1ρ – T
2 correlations by means of the two-dimensional (2D) inverse Laplace transform are obtained. The efficiency of the method for the study of surface phenomena in solids is demonstrated.
A case of Madelung's disease accompanied by Klinefelter's syndrome
Authors: Ozderya Aysenur , Temizkan Sule , Aydin Tezcan Kadriye , Ozturk Feyza Yener , Altuntas Yuksel 
Published: May 2015

Summary
Madelung's disease is a rare fat metabolism disorder characterised by benign multiple symmetric, encapsulated lipomatosis. The exact cause of the disease is unknown; it may be associated with chronic alcoholism and mutations in mitochondrial DNA (A8344G), but there have been cases without these factors reported in the literature. A 29-year-old man with a 6-year history of diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital for poorly regulated diabetes and decreased libido. He was not an alcohol consumer. His family history was unremarkable. Physical examination revealed that he had a eunuchoid body shape. There was a symmetric excess fat accumulation in his submandibular, deltoid, nuchal, suprapubic and inguinal areas. He was diagnosed with Madelung's disease, and imaging studies supported the diagnosis. Hormonal evaluation revealed a hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Karyotype analysis revealed a 47,XXY mutation. Genetic research showed no mitochondrial DNA mutation. Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, hyperuricaemia and liver disease, endocrine gland diseases, such as hypothyroidism, and neurological diseases, such as polyneuropathy and cognitive disorders, may accompany Madelung's disease. The present study represents the first reported case of Madelung's disease accompanied by Klinefelter's syndrome.

Learning points

Madelung's disease is a rare fat metabolism disorder characterised by benign multiple symmetric and encapsulated lipid accumulation.

The exact cause of the disease is unknown.

Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, hyperuricaemia and liver disease, endocrine gland diseases, such as hypothyroidism, and neurological diseases, such as polyneuropathy and cognitive disorders, may accompany Madelung's disease.
The Pharmacy-Level Asthma Medication Ratio and Population Health
Authors: Beck Andrew F. , Bradley Courtney L. , Huang Bin , Simmons Jeffrey M. , Heaton Pamela C. , Kahn Robert S. 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Community pharmacies may be positioned for an increased role in population health. We sought to develop a population-level measure of asthma medication fills and assess its relationship to asthma-related utilization.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective, ecological study (2010–2012). Medication data from a chain of pharmacies (n = 27) within 1 county were used to calculate a Pharmacy-level Asthma Medication Ratio (Ph-AMR), defined as controller fills divided by controller plus rescue fills. Higher values are superior because they indicate more controller compared with rescue fills. The outcome was the asthma-related utilization rate among children in the same census tract as the pharmacy, calculated by dividing all emergency visits and hospitalizations by the number of children in that tract. Covariates, including ecological measures of poverty and access to care, were used in multivariable linear regression.

RESULTS:
Overall, 35 467 medications were filled. The median Ph-AMR was 0.53 (range 0.38–0.66). The median utilization rate across included census tracts was 22.4 visits per 1000 child-years (range 1.3–60.9). Tracts with Ph-AMR &lt;0.5 had significantly higher utilization rates than those with Ph-AMR ≥0.5 (26.1 vs 9.9; P = .001). For every 0.1 increase in Ph-AMR, utilization rates decreased by 9.5 (P = .03), after adjustment for underlying poverty and access. Seasonal variation in fills was evident, but pharmacies in high-utilizing tracts filled more rescue than controller medications at nearly every point during the study period.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ph-AMR was independently associated with ecological childhood asthma morbidity. Pharmacies may be a community-based leverage point for improving population-level asthma control through targeted interventions.
A Crepis mollis (Jacq.) Asch. subsp. hieracioides (Waldst. & Kit.) Domin újrafelfedezése Magyarországon
Authors: Bauer Norbert , Somlyay Lajos 
Published: May 2015

A Crepis hieracioides-t (= C. mollis subsp. hieracioides) Kitaibel Pál írta le a Bakonyból több mint 200 évvel ezelőtt. A mai napig ez a taxon egyetlen adata Magyarország jelenlegi területéről. A második világháború utáni flóraművek a magyar flórából kihaltként említik, illetve több összefoglaló műben már nem is szerepel. Jelen közlemény a növény magyarországi (Bakonyalja, Devecser: Széki-erdő) újrafelfedezéséről számol be, jellemzi a termőhelyét, és hangsúlyozza a taxon növényföldrajzi jelentőségét.
Apró közlemények
Authors: Szűcs Péter , Pénzesné Kónya Erika , Takács Attila , Löki Viktor , Csábi Miklós , Csirmaz Kálmán , Gregorits János , Haszonits Győző , Hernádi László , Kiticsics Anikó , Lukács Róbert , Makádi Sándor , Marton József , Molnár V. Attila , Nagy Timea , Pánczél Mátyás , Raksányi Zsolt , Reszler Gábor , Tóth Katalin , Babai Dániel , Kelemen András , Deák Balázs , Albert Ágnes , Valkó Orsolya , Csathó András István 
Published: May 2015

1. A Lycopodium clavatum L. előfordulása az Egri-Bükkalján2. Néhány adat Debrecen urbán-flórájához
3. Kiegészítések a Magyarország orchideáinak atlasza elterjedési adataihoz4. Sisyrinchium bermudiana L. új előfordulási adata a Kárpát-medencében5. A légyfogó (Myagrum perfoliatum L.) előfordulása Mezőberény mellett
Estimation of Finite Population Ratio When Other Auxiliary Variables are Available in the Study
Authors: Al-Jararha Jehad , Bataineh Ala' 
Published: May 2015

The estimation of the population total $t_y,$ by using one or moreauxiliary variables, and the population ratio $\theta_{xy}=t_y/t_x,$$t_x$ is the population total for the auxiliary variable $X$, for afinite population are heavily discussed in the literature. In thispaper, the idea of estimation the finite population ratio$\theta_{xy}$ is extended to use the availability of auxiliaryvariable $Z$ in the study, such auxiliary variable is not used inthe definition of the population ratio. This idea may be supported by the fact that the variable $Z$ is highly correlated with the interest variable $Y$ than the correlation between the variables $X$ and $Y.$ The availability of such auxiliary variable can be used to improve the precision of the estimation of the population ratio. To our knowledge, this idea is not discussed in the literature. The bias, variance and the mean squares error are given for our approach. Simulation from real data set, the empirical relative bias and the empirical relative mean squares error are computed for our approach and different estimators proposed in the literature for estimating the population ratio $\theta_{xy}.$ Analytically and the simulation results show that, by suitable choices, our approach gives negligible bias and has less mean squares error.
Early Vigor of Advanced Breeding Lines and Modern Cotton Cultivars
Authors: Liu S. , Remley M. , Bourland F. M. , Nichols R. L. , Stevens W. E. , Jones A. Phillips , Fritschi F. B. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTStand establishment and early vigor are critical to the successful production of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Rapid early growth could provide significant advantages to young plants relative to diseases, insects, and weeds. The objectives of this research were to identify traits that contribute to differences in early growth, characterize genotypic variation in early vigor among modern cultivars and advanced breeding lines, and determine the effect of the seed production environment on early vigor. Early growth of 10 genotypes from private companies and 18 unreleased breeding lines was compared through measurements of leaf area and biomass under field conditions in 2 yr. A positive correlation of seed weight and rapid early growth was observed up to 32 d after planting (DAP). Cotyledon area was positively associated with shoot dry weight over the course of the first 52 DAP. Significant genotypic differences were observed for cotyledon and total leaf areas, and for cotyledon, first true leaf, total leaf, stem, and total shoot dry weights in both years within approximately the first 4 wk after planting. No correlation between lint yield and rapid early growth was found. For the first 17 (2009) and 32 (2008) DAP—but not after that—plants grown from seeds produced in distinct environments differed in early vigor. Overall, seeds from breeding lines produced more vigorous seedlings than did seeds of commercial genotypes. Although heritability of the examined traits has not been established, the broad range in values and significant genotypic variation suggest that breeding for enhanced early vigor should be possible without compromising yield.
New Sources of Resistance to Multiple Pathotypes of Sclerospora graminicola in the Pearl Millet Mini Core Germplasm Collection
Authors: Sharma Rajan , Upadhyaya Hari D. , Sharma Shivali , Gate Vishal L. , Raj Chandramani 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTDowny mildew (DM), caused by Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schröt., is a highly destructive and widespread disease in most pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] growing areas of Asia and Africa. Breeding for DM resistance continues to be an integral part of genetic improvement of pearl millet at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. For the identification of new and diverse sources of DM resistance, a pearl millet mini core collection comprising 238 accessions was screened against eight pathotypes (Sg 384, Sg 409, Sg 445, Sg 457, Sg 510, Sg 519, Sg 526, and Sg 542) of S. graminicola collected from different geographical locations in India. Significant differences for DM reaction were observed among pathotypes, mini core accessions, and their interactions. Of the 238 accessions, 68 accessions were resistant (≤10% DM incidence) to pathotype Sg 510 followed by 40 accessions resistant to Sg 457. Resistance to pathotypes Sg 519, Sg 526, Sg 384, Sg 445, and Sg 542 was observed in 15, 27, 29, 30, and 34 mini core accessions, respectively. Resistance to two or more pathotypes was observed in 62 accessions. Several of these accessions also exhibited desirable agronomic traits. The multiple‐pathotype‐resistant germplasm accessions having desirable agronomic characteristics and collected from different agro‐ecologies would be useful in breeding programs to develop pearl millet hybrids resistant to difficult‐to‐manage highly‐virulent pathotypes of S. graminicola.
Les amis ou l’école : faut-il vraiment choisir ?
Authors: Boulin Audrey 
Published: May 2015

Avec les internats d’excellence (créés en 2008), la réussite des élèves d’origine modeste et désignés comme « à potentiel » serait rendue possible en les sortant de leur « environnement » pour les placer en internat. Face au projet d’éloignement des pairs émanant des adultes (personnels des établissements scolaires et parents), les adolescents répondent de manière nuancée. C’est à partir d’une enquête qualitative (observations et entretiens) et quantitative (questionnaires) que cet article confronte les préoccupations des adultes et celles des adolescents et montre que la sociabilité de ces derniers s’en trouve enrichie.
Entre idéal d’émancipation et mise au travail
Authors: Houdeville Gérald , Mazaud Caroline 
Published: May 2015

L’article porte sur des dispositifs de « deuxième chance » visant à répondre aux difficultés des jeunes chômeurs sans diplôme et évalués au nombre des bénéficiaires accédant à l’emploi ou à la formation qualifiante. Les modalités d’action avec et sur les jeunes consistent en des remises à niveau scolaire, une aide à l’élaboration d’un projet professionnel et, plus discrètement, l’inculcation de dispositions morales, de qualités sociales monnayables sur le marché du travail.
L’émeute est-elle une forme d’expression politique ?
Authors: Cortéséro Régis , Marlière Éric 
Published: May 2015

Les émeutes de 2005 ont donné lieu, dès les mois qui suivirent et jusqu’à aujourd’hui, à une profusion d’analyses provenant de l’ensemble du monde universitaire. L’objet de cet article est de proposer un tour d’horizon de ces travaux, en essayant de décrire à la fois la diversité des hypothèses à l’œuvre, et les mutations du regard sociologique sur les « jeunes de cité » dont ils portent la trace. Mais, par-delà cette diversité, l’article s’efforce de saisir l’unicité sous-jacente à ces analyses et d’identifier la perspective depuis laquelle toutes les descriptions sont agencées. Il montre alors que la quasi-totalité des analyses cherchent à circonscrire une « politicité » de l’émeute, abordée du point de vue d’une incarnation politique du populaire.
La sociologie de « l’état en action » au prisme des relations internationales
Authors: Meijer Hugo 
Published: May 2015

En intégrant des concepts et des méthodes relevant des relations internationales et de la sociologie de l’action publique, cet article vise à contribuer à l’étude des transformations de l’État en mobilisant une approche internationaliste de la sociologie de l’État. L’articulation entre les dimensions interne et internationale de la capacité de l’État demeure un angle mort dans la littérature. Sur la base d’un large éventail de sources primaires (y compris 170 entretiens), cette étude montre l’évolution dans l’après-guerre froide de la capacité de l’État américain dans un secteur aussi régalien que le contrôle des transferts de biens stratégiques sous le double effet de pressions internes et externes. Par le prisme des relations internationales, il est possible de contribuer à l’analyse de l’État en action en apportant un regard nouveau sur la dichotomie classique État faible/État fort et sur la notion de « capacité d’État ».
Le rôle immatériel de la certification ISO dans le processus d’innovation
Authors: Maurand-Valet Anne 
Published: May 2015

L’introduction des normes managériales (ou normes de système de management – NSM) dans une organisation représente un changement qui questionne en matière d’innovation : en quoi ces NSM représentent-elles une innovation et quelles innovations sont-elles susceptibles de susciter ? Peu de travaux ont étudié le lien entre normes et innovation. S’ils présentent un certain consensus sur les effets organisationnels, ils sont beaucoup plus nuancés sur les effets en matière d’innovation sur le produit, le marché ou les processus de production. La dimension incrémentale du principe d’amélioration continue associée aux NSM, ainsi que la focalisation sur l’analyse des processus ne favoriseraient pas les innovations de rupture mais simplement les améliorations des routines. Par ailleurs, les effets des NSM ne peuvent être isolés du contexte technico-scientifique et de la pratique des autres outils qualité dans l’entreprise. Cela rend difficile l’évaluation exacte du poids des NSM dans les phénomènes d’innovation. Codes JEL : O13, M19
Diaconat et épiscopat. Pour éviter une approche sacerdotale du diaconat
Authors: Delarbre Christian 
Published: May 2015

Le diacre est ordonné « non pas en vue du sacerdoce, mais en vue du service ». En revenant aux sources de cette définition de Lumen gentium 29, l’article révise le rapport du diaconat au sacerdoce ministériel en même temps qu’il approfondit sa relation à l’épiscopat. Par la suite, un regard critique est posé sur l’expression définissant le diaconat comme « représentation du Christ serviteur ». Celle-ci, analogue aux expressions du sacerdoce ministériel « représentation sacramentelle du Christ-Tête », rend-elle bien compte de la spécificité du diaconat ou reste-elle trop dépendante d’une comparaison avec le presbytérat ?
De Novo–Developed Antibodies to Donor MHC Antigens Lead to Dysregulation of MicroRNAs and Induction of MHC Class II
Authors: Xu Zhongping , Nayak Deepak K. , Benshoff Nicholas , Hachem Ramsey , Gelman Andrew E. , Mohanakumar Thalachallour 
Published: May 2015

AbstractImmune responses to HLA and development of anti-donor HLA (DSA) were shown to play a role in chronic rejection following transplantation. We hypothesized that Abs to MHC change microRNAs (miRNAs), leading to chronic lung allograft rejection. Microarray analysis was performed in a murine model of anti-MHC–induced obliterative airway disease (OAD), a correlate of obliterative bronchiolitis. A unique profile of dysregulated miRNAs was detected in OAD mice on days 7 and 15 after Ab administration compared with control. Sixty-seven miRNAs were increased and 42 miRNAs were decreased in OAD mice on day 7. In addition, 15 miRNAs were overexpressed and 16 miRNAs were underexpressed in OAD mice on day 15. The expression of miR-16 and miR-195 was significantly decreased in lungs of OAD mice, as assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, with increases in H-2 Aa and H-2 Dma mRNA levels. Significant reductions in miR-16 and miR-195 levels were also noted in lung transplant (LTx) patients with DSA compared with LTx patients without DSA. Bioinformatic TargetScan and reporter assays identified the binding of miR-16 and miR-195 to the 3′-untranslated region of regulatory factor X 5. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry indicated posttranscriptional increases in regulatory factor X 5 mRNA and protein expression in OAD mice, as well as in LTx recipients with DSA, which was associated with increased expression of HLA-DPA1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DRA mRNA. Therefore, our results demonstrated that miRNAs induced by alloimmunity may play important roles in chronic rejection after LTx.
Histological and histochemical analysis of the gastrointestinal tract of the common pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)
Authors: Strobel S. , EncarnaÃ§Ã£o J.A. , Becker N.I. , Trenczek T.E. 
Published: May 2015

Bats have a very high mass-specific energy demand due to small size and active flight. European bat species are mostly insectivorous and the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract should be adapted accordingly. This study investigated the general anatomy by histology and the function by analysing carbohydrate distribution in particular of the mucus of the GI tract of the insectivorous bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus.Â The GI tracts of three individuals were dissected, fixed in formaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin wax. The tissues and cells of the GI tract of P. pipistrellus were analysed by classical (Acid Alizarin Blue, Haematoxylin-Eosin, and Masson Goldner Trichrome), histochemical (periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian blue at pH 2.5) and lectin histochemical (lectins WGA and HPA) staining procedures. The GI tract of P.Â pipistrellus was organised into the typical mammalian layers. The short, narrow, and thin-walled esophagus was simple with a folded stratified squamous epithelium without glands but mucous surface cells secreting neutral mucus. The stomach was globular shaped without specialisation. Mucous surface cells produced neutral mucus whereas neck and parietal cells secreted a mixture of neutral and acid mucus. Chief cell surface was positive for N-acetylglucosamine and the cytoplasm for N-acetylgalactosamine residues. The intestine lacked a caecum and appendix. The small intestine was divided into duodenum, jejunumâ€‘ileum and ileumâ€‘colon. The epithelium consisted of columnar enterocytes and goblet cells. The large intestine was short, only represented by the descending colon-rectum. It lacked villi and the mucosa had only crypts of LieberkÃ¼hn. Towards the colon-rectum, goblet cells produced mucus with N-acetylglucosamine residues increasing in acidity except in colon-rectum where acidity was highest in the base of crypts. Along the tube the surface of enterocytes was positive for N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine. All over the mucus filling the lumen of the GI tract was positive for N-acetylglucosamine and increased in acidity in all parts except of the stomach. In conclusion, the simple GI tract showed an anatomical reduction of tissue enabling for a short retention time and a reduction of the load carried during flight: short GI tract, lack of lymphoid tissue, missing of glands in certain regions, and a distinct pattern of mucus distribution, indicating different physiological functions of these areas. The GI tract of P. pipistrellus was typical for an insectivorous species probably representing the ancestral condition.