bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2074 – Characteristics Of Law Breaking Behaviour In ‘early Intervention In Psychosis’ Patients
Authors: Mehrotra R. , Mukherjee A. , Irving L. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionEarly Intervention Services (EIS) have a number of objectives including reducing legal harm to individuals suffering from psychosis. There are no standardised practices in the UK.ObjectivesThe characteristics of the offending behaviour in an EIS service were profiled using demographic variables, identifying the nature of the offence and reviewing the patient outcomes.MethodsIt was a retrospective audit of case notes. The inclusion criterion was a conviction during the EIS care spell.Results12 offenders out of 120 patients were identified.58% of offenders were male.58% had harmful use of alcohol/substances and 8% had dependency.The most prevalent diagnosis was paranoid schizophrenia (25%) and unspecified psychosis (25%). 17% had substance induced psychosis and 8% had bipolar disorder.The most prevalent crimes were violence to person (41%), threats to life of others (41%), followed by larceny (33%) and violence to property (17%).25% were detained in hospital, 8% imprisoned and 33% received community sentences.There was no change in diagnosis in 91% of offenders after the offence.There was no change in medication in 75% of offenders. 8% had antipsychotic medication changed, 8% had antidepressant medication added, and 8% had ADHD medication added.ConclusionsA number of demographic risk variables for offending in an EIS were identified. The offending led to limited responses around diagnosis and interventions. Given the proliferation of EIS worldwide, the issue of managing (and ideally preventing) offending will have wide application. Our study suggests more comprehensive evaluation is needed for developing models of intervention.
2083 – Prevalence Of Unipolar Mania And Evaluation Of The Characteristics In Unipolar And Bipolar Mania In Kerman (iran)
Authors: Ghaffarinejad A. , Mehdizadeh Zare Anari A. , Mirghiasi A. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundSome study suggest that unipolar mania could be a separate subtype, while there is no unipolar mania listing in DSM. We compared sociodemographic and clinical data of unipolar and bipolar mania.MethodsIn an analytical-observation study,through 850 patients with bipolar I disorder, in 10 years of illness duration, 240 patients were included. We evaluated demographic and clinical information and interview with patients and their families consistent with DSM, then we assessment the comorbidities and other clinical conditions and analysed our data by using the mann-witney test, chi-squar test and fisher exact test.Results22.4% of 219 patients presented a course of illness characterized by unipolar manic episodes without history of major or mild depression. When this group was compared with 170 manic patients with a previous history of depressive episodes, we found significant similarities in most demographic, familial, and clinical characteristics. Just positive family history for MDD was higher in bipolar mania significantly (P< 0.005). Unipolar mania group reported more congruent psychotic symptoms (Pv= 0.005). Lastly in unipolar group total number of episodes is less than and manic episodes is more than bipolar. (Pv= 0.005).DiscussionThere is no prominent differences between two groups and inform clinical and psychopathological have common characteristics in unipolar and bipolar mania. So, biologic, physiologic and anatomical bases of unipolar and bipolar mania could be similar. Literature on this topic is still insufficient, and it is necessary to ongoing unipolar manic studies in future.
2084 – Exploratory Quantum Resonance Spectrometer As a Discriminator For Psychiatric Affective Disorders
Authors: Zhang Y. , Liu F. , Shi J. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundSchizophrenia and mood disorders are chronic forms of mental illness. Quantum resonance spectrometer (QRS) test may be useful as a biological marker for the clinical diagnosis of psychiatric disorders of mental illness.ObjectivesTo evaluate reliability and psychiatric clinical value of quantum resonance spectrometer (QRS) in affective disorders detection.MethodsWe studied 1014 schizophrenic patients and 248 patients with mood disorders (including 93 major depression patients). Affective disorder symptoms of same subjects obtained from QRS test and psychiatrists’ diagnoses were compared. Also 3 affective disorder symptoms of renumbered 93 major depressive patients were discriminated using QRS.ResultsKappa values of affective disorder detection and diagnosed were more than 0.69 in all 3 symptoms of schizophrenia, and more than 0.65 in 6/7 symptoms of mood disorder. Same consistency could also be seen in Pearson R value, and ROC AUC. In the discriminated analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive of hypothymia, anxiety, and irritability detected utilizing QRS are more than 0.66 compared with psychiatrists’ diagnoses.LimitationsThe study is limited by no collected psychiatric rating scale data.ConclusionQRS in affective disorder detection seem to have a predictable value for outcome in schizophrenia and mood disorder, would become an objective identification and diagnosis instrument, and might promote psychiatric clinical diagnosis.
2085 – BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism And Anxiety/depression Symptoms In Schizophrenia In Chinese Han Population
Authors: Liu L. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundAlthough several lines of evidences suggest that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, this association remains controversial. Here, we aim to investigate the genetic association between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and schizophrenia and to explore whether this polymorphism could influence the severity of clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients in a Chinese Han population.MethodsGenotyping of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was carried out in 456 schizophrenia patients and 483 controls by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer method (FRET). The patients’ psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The general clinical data of schizophrenia patients were analyzed.ResultsThere were significant differences in the genotype distribution and allelic frequencies of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism between the schizophrenia group and normal control. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism explained approximately 16% for the variance of anxiety/depression symptoms in schizophrenia patients.ConclusionOur data provides evidence that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia in Chinese Han population. Furthermore, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is a significant influencing factor on the severity of anxiety/depression symptoms in schizophrenia patients.
2099 – Clinical Risk Factors For Interpersonal Violence In Adulthood In Suicide Attempters
Authors: Moberg T. , Stenbacka M. , Jönsson E. , Nordström P. , Åsberg M. , Jokinen J. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionEarly environmental risk factors have a role in the development of violent behaviour in adulthood.AimsThe aim of the study was to assess the impact of childhood trauma, expressed violent behaviour as a child, co morbid personality disorder and substance abuse on self reported interpersonal violence as an adult in suicide attempters.MethodsA total of 161 suicide attempters were diagnosed with SCID I and II and assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) measuring exposure to violence and expressed violent behaviour in childhood (between 6-14 years of age) and during adult life (15 years or older). A standard linear regression analyses was conducted with the two predictive KIVS subscales exposure to violence as a child and expressed violent behaviour as a child, Axis 1 mood and anxiety disorder diagnosis, co morbid substance abuse diagnosis, co morbid personality disorder diagnosis, age and gender as predictors of expressed interpersonal violence as an adult.ResultsThe regression model was significant with adjusted R square 0.22, F ratio 7.2, DF=7, p< 0.0001. Expressed violent behaviour as a child and personality disorder were significant predictors of expressed interpersonal violence as an adult. Broken down by gender expressed violent behaviour as a child was a significant predictor of violence as an adult in both men and women, whereas exposure to violence as a child and personality disorder predicted violence as an adult only in men.ConclusionsIt is important to take into account expressed violent behaviour in childhood in violence risk assessments.
2104 – The Effects Of Sport And Aggression On Society
Authors: Wessels A. , Joseph J.E. 
Published: July 2013

Society continues to be plagues by conflicts, wars and a lack of respect for the fundamental principles around the respect for life. Sport does impact on the psyche and behaviour of people and should be used to enhance the livelihood of human survival. Sport can create a higher level of consciousness which encourages for peace, kindness, respect and co-operation as opposed to competition. Aggression reinforces negative emotions and social tendencies which limit human progress and can lead to violence and conflicts.Boxing, football and rugby are all sports which have become the norm, their degree of insighting aggressive tendencies have not been questioned and they have become acceptable methods of sport for society. Is this what society terms as morally acceptable? The repercussions of sport that releases aggressive emotions on societies will be examined. Does sport which releases aggressive feelings lead to violent societies? The paper will touch on passive sport as a means of creating peaceful societies for all. Violence and a lack of respect for another being, promotes for dysfunctional societies. Often sport allows for clear winners and looser allowing for confrontation at an event. Violence and aggression can be used interchangeably.Spectator violence and forceful contact sport has allowed for society to become immune to violence and this is a grave challenges.The paper will conclude that there is a direct link between peaceful societies who practice passive forms of sport as opposed to violent states who promote for sports which releases aggressive emotions.
2111 – Severity Of Trauma Experiences, Cognitive Impairs, Depressiveness And Anxiety Of War Veterans Who Suffer From Ptsd
Authors: Aljukić N. , Hasanović M. , Pajević I. 
Published: July 2013

AimOur aim was to asses the severity of trauma experiences, cognitive impairs, depressiveness and anxiety of war veterans who suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Subjects and methodsA sample consisted from war veterans who were clinically treated because of PTSD (n=50) and healthy controls who accepted to participate voluntarily in this study (n=54) who were recruited in local association of war veterans. We used Harvard trauma questionnaire (HTQ) for assessment of PTSD, Hopkins Check Scale SBCL 25 for assessment of depressiveness and anxiety, and mini mental status (MINI) for assessment of cognitive impairs.ResultsMean age of tested subjects was 50.6 (SD=5.2) years, with no significant differences between groups: PTSD group was 50.3 (SD=6.0) years and no PTSD group was 50.9 (SD=4.4) years (df=1, F= 0.337, P= 0.563, ANOVA). War veterans who were treated from PTSD reported significantly more multiple trauma experiences 21.9 (SD=5.7) than their peers without PTSD 13.7 (SD=5.8)(F=52.213, P< 0.001, ANOVA). The score of severity of cognitive impairs was significantly lower of PTSD group. 22.6 (SD=3.7) than veterans without PTSD 26.6 (SD=2.1) (F=47.028, p< 0.001, ANOVA). War veterans with PTSD had significantly higher severity of depressiveness 3.0 (SD= 0.5) and anxiety 3.2 (SD= 0.6) than their peers without PTSD (1.4±0.4; 1.7±0.5, respectively) (F=241.979, p< 0.001; F=193.021, P>0.001, respectively, ANOVA).ConclusionWar veterans who were clinically treated from PTSD reported significantly more trauma experiences, they were more depressive and anxious and also they were more severe cognitive impaired, than their peers who did not suffer from PTSD.
2115 – Older Adult's Adjustment To Aging And Spirituality: a Multiple Correspondence Analysis
Authors: von Humboldt S. , Leal I. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeTo analyze the indicators of adjustment to aging (AtA) and to investigate the latent constructs that can work as major determinants in spirituality for a cross-national older community-dwelling population.MethodsQuestionnaires were completed, assessing participants’ background information. Interviews were performed, addressing one core area: indicators of AtA. Complete data were available for 154 older adults, aged between 75-103 years (M = 86.6, SD = 6.98) from two different nationalities. Data was subjected to content analysis. Representation of the associations and latent constructs were analyzed by a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA).ResultsThe most prevalent response of the interviewed participants for indicators of AtA was ‘spirituality’ (43.2%) whereas ‘financial stability’ was the least referred indicator of AtA (10.3%). ‘Spiritual activities’ was the most reported response regarding ‘spirituality’ (20.0%). Spirituality for older adults was explained by a three-factor overall model: ‘spiritual and existential meaning’, ‘limit-related awareness’ and ‘community embeddedness’.ConclusionsThe findings presented in this paper emphasized the need to explore the potential of spirituality to AtA and the need for improving the spiritual dimension of health care for the older population.
2116 – Self-reports Of Age And Adjustment From English And Portuguese Community-dwelling Older Adults
Authors: von Humboldt S. , Leal I. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeTo analyze subjective age (SA) and the contributors to adjustment to aging (AtA) identified by older adults and to investigate the latent constructs that can work as major determinants in SA and AtA in an older population.MethodMeasures were completed, using a variety of appropriate methods, including demographics and interviews. Complete data were available for 108 older adults aged between 75-99 years (M=81.1; SD = 6.43). Data was subjected to content analysis. Representation of the associations and latent constructs were analyzed by a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA).ResultsThe most prevalent response of the interviewed participants for contributors to AtA was ‘sense of limit and existential issues’ (20.2%). ‘With congruence’ (29.3%) was identified as the most frequent SA response. AtA and SA for Portuguese elderly were explained by a three-factor model: ‘integrated’, ‘involved’ and ‘young-at-heart’. A three-dimension model formed by ‘attentive’, ‘driven’ and ‘connected’ was indicated as a best-fit solution for English elderly.ConclusionsAtA is related to SA in older adults in both samples. The results presented in this paper stressed the underdeveloped potential of an adjustment and age overall model for this population.
2118 – Cognitive Functioning Negatively Correlated With Severity Of Trauma Experiences, And Symptoms Severity Of Ptsd, Depressiveness And Anxiety In Bosnia-herzegovina War Veterans After 1992–1995 War
Authors: Aljukić N. , Hasanović M. , Pajević I. 
Published: July 2013

AimOur aim was to investigate is there association between level of cogmitive funtionings and severity of PTSD symptoms, depression symptoms, amd anxiety symptos.Subjects and methodsWe tested 104 war veterans on presence of PTSD, depression symptoms, anxiety, and level of cognitive functionongs.We used Harvard trauma questionnaire (HTQ) for assessment of severity of PTSD symptoms, Hopkins Check Scale (SBCL 25) for severity of depressiveness and anxiety, mini mental status (MINI) for severity of cognitive impairs.ResultsMean age of tested subjects was 50.6 (SD=5.2) years. The score of the cognitive functionings negatively correlated to severity of trauma experiences (Pearson's r -0.310, p= 0.001), to PTSD symptom severity and depressiveness (Pearson's r=-0.649, p< 0.001; r=-0.606, p< 0.001, respectively). Besides that the score of cognitive functioning negatively correlated with presented anxiety (Pearson's r=-0.566,p< 0.001).ConclusionTrauma experiences severity, PTSD symptoms severity, depressiveness and anxiety symptoms severity decreised cognitive functiongs in war veterans seventeen years asfter war 1992-1995 quited in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
2124 – Assessment And Treatment Of Patients With Violent Behaviors In Emergency Psychiatry. The Hcr-20 Violence Risk Assessment Scheme
Authors: Sinani L. , Kola V. , Cenko F. , Elezi F. , Balaj K. , Saraci J. , Dervishi P. , Gjolena G. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionViolent behavior of patients is a common problem in emergency psychiatry and evaluation, diagnosis, management and treatment of which is very difficult.The absence of a test that could be used to predict violent behavior hampers proper decision in the case of emergency admissions, as well as discharge from the hospital. The application of such a test would upgrade assessment offering solve this problem.ObjectiveTo identify risk and protective factors of violent behaviors : to establish the degree to which the HCR-20 predicts the frequency and severity of violent behavior; to examine the predictive validity of the scales of the HCR-20.GoalImprove assessment, management and treatment of patients with violent behaviors in the psychiatric ward.MethodProspective cohort study, during 24 weeks. Psychiatric evaluation based on structural clinical interviews and questionnaires related to violent behaviors and risk factors were conducted to patients admitted in psychiatric hospital on UHC “Mother Tereza” Tirana.ResultsAccording to our data, the relationship between violence and mental illness vary considerably across different diagnoses.The highest rate of violence is reported in subjects with substance abuse disorder and antisocial personality disorder followed by Bipolar disorder and psychotic patients.Among the risk factors verified so far, the past violence behaviors reported show the highest predictive value.ConclusionsHCR-20 tool has currently shown good results to roughly estimate probability of future violence and taking appropriate measures in order to prevent unwanted consequences.
2133 – Late-onset Bipolar Disorder: Literature Review And a Case Report Of Inaugural Acute Mania On An Eldery Woman With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Oliveira C.A. , Agostinho C.S. , Avelino M.J. , Paixão L.S.M. , Jara J.M. , Bento A.J. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionRecent estimates suggest Bipolar disorder (BD) affects approximately 1% of the population, with diagnosis often made during late adolescence and early adulthood, and that it is lower in the elderly (up to 0.1%). The initial onset of BD generally presents with depressive episode, but an initial maniac episode is not uncommon, although it becomes less likely with increasing age. In spite of the fact that elderly is a growing population in developed countries there are only few studies on late-onset BD (LOBD). Its etiopathogenesis and heterogeneity are complex, sharing several commonalities with organic brain diseases, which is denoted on frequent neuroimaging white matter hyperintensities, and involves higher medical and neurological burden.Objectives and aimsTo provide a comprehensive review reporting prevalence, features, course and comorbidity on LOBD. Additionally to report one selected case, intending to better understand this patient's subgroup.MethodsThe literature was systematically reviewed by searching on PubMed and reference psychogeriatric textbooks. We have selected one case of an elderly woman with LOBD with inaugural acute mania episode associated with previous diagnosis of Parkinson disease.ResultsDistinguishing older adults with BD by early or late age at onset have limited clinical usefulness, although LOBD patients are more likely to have an organic mental disorder superimposed and more extensive and severe cognitive impairments, as well as vulnerability to extrapyramidal symptoms.ConclusionsThis case-report and literature review suggests that LOBD as a distinct diagnostic entity by its different presentation and etiology, and consequently different treatment, needs further investigation.
2135 – Survey Of Newry & Mourne Primary Mental Health Care Referral System
Authors: Towobola A. , Cotter P. 
Published: July 2013

AimsThis study was aimed at evaluating the effect of the new, centralised (regional) referral system on the local Primary Mental Health Care (PMHC) Service, two years after inception.BackgroundPrior to the Single Point of Entry (SPOE) system, which is also known as triage, referrals were sent directly to each Consultant Psychiatrist and Community Mental Health Team by General practitioners (GPs). Theoretically, the new referral system should streamline referrals using resources efficiently, make access to mental health easier and reduce the time patients wait to be seen after referral.MethodVia user-satisfaction questionnaires, we conducted an on-line survey of GPs and the PMHC team in the Newry and Mourne area over a period of three months, asking for their views on the SPOE system.ResultsThe response rate for GPs was 28.3% (17), and 68.4% (13) for PMHC team. 65% of GPs and 85% of the PMHC team felt the new referral system was moderately or very effective overall. Both groups agreed that the time patients wait to be seen after routine referrals should be shortened. Emerging themes from qualitative analysis include the need to improve communication, training of staff and access to patient records during triage.ConclusionsThe low GP response rate suggests that Mental Health services should obtain more effective ways of engaging GPs in service development. This study indicates that the single point of entry system is effective overall but needs improvement in terms of accessibility and adequate communication between GPs, PMHC team and triage staff.
2140 – Epidemiological Study Of The Characteristics In Suicide Attempts Referred To Liaison Psychiatry Service In Gnh St. Panteleimon
Authors: Tzannes P. , Lyrakos G.N. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionThe role of general hospital in dealing with patients following suicide attempt has been discussed considerably lately.AimOf the present study is the epidemiological record of referrals characteristics following suicide attempt.Material36 of 256 patients referred to the specialist liaison team of the Psychiatric Department, 16-62(M = 33.6 ± 14.5) years old.MethodPsychiatric interview and record of demographic characteristics of the sample was used. Statistics analysis was undertaken using SPSS.16.Results13 men and 26 women. 36 were pathological cases with drug poisoning, 1 deliberate self-harm case with the use of sharp object, 1 fall and 1 deliberate self-harm with the use of gun. 15 diagnoses by ICD10 were recorded, with the majority of the patients suffering from adjustment disorder (47.8%), while 7, 9% had no psychopathology. 5 were admitted in the psychiatric ward, 8 needed psychiatric follow up, 5 psychological support, 2 were prescribed combination therapy, 4 pharmacotherapy, 2 were transferred to outpatient special unit, to 5 no treatment was recommended, and 6 refused admission. There was statistically significant difference (t = 3.756 p = .001), between average ages of individuals committing suicide attempt with psychopathology (M = 42.1 ± 13.5) and no psychopathology (M = 26.8 ± 11.5), but not between genders (t = -.355 p = .725). Gender is irrelevant to psychopathology existence (x2 = 9.506 p = .301) and treatment (X2 = 4.625 p = .201). Increased attempts were observed for both genders and psychopathology existence but not statistically significant (x2 = .056 p-.832) and (x2 = .165 p = .303) respectively.ConclusionsThe major percentage of adjustment disorders agrees with the common percentages of bibliography. The wide range of interventions reflects the psychosocial model.