bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revision of the GROMOS 56A6CARBO force field: Improving the description of ring‐conformational equilibria in hexopyranose‐based carbohydrates chains
Authors: Plazinski Wojciech , Lonardi Alice , Hünenberger Philippe H. 
Published: November 2015

This article describes a revised version 56A6CARBO_R of the GROMOS 56A6CARBO force field for hexopyranose‐based carbohydrates. The simulated properties of unfunctionalized hexopyranoses are unaltered with respect to 56A6CARBO. In the context of both O1‐alkylated hexopyranoses and oligosaccharides, the revision stabilizes the regular 4C1 chair for α‐anomers, with the opposite effect for β‐anomers. As a result, spurious ring inversions observed in α(1→4)‐linked chains when using the original 56A6CARBO force field are alleviated. The 4C1 chair is now the most stable conformation for all d‐hexopyranose residues, irrespective of the linkage type and anomery, and of the position of the residue along the chain. The methylation of a d‐hexopyranose leads to a systematic shift in the ring‐inversion free energy (4C1 to 1C4) by 7–8 kJ mol−1, positive for the α‐anomers and negative for the β‐anomers, which is qualitatively compatible with the expected enhancement of the anomeric effect upon methylation at O1. The ring‐inversion free energies for residues within chains are typically smaller in magnitude compared to those of the monomers, and correlate rather poorly with the latter. This suggests that the crowding of ring substituents upon chain formation alters the ring flexibility in a nonsystematic fashion. In general, the description of carbohydrate chains afforded by 56A6CARBO_R suggests a significant extent of ring flexibility, i.e., small but often non‐negligible equilibrium populations of inverted chairs, and challenges the “textbook” picture of conformationally locked carbohydrate rings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stromal derived factor‐1 and granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor treatment improves regeneration of Pax7−/− mice skeletal muscles
Authors: Kowalski Kamil , Archacki Rafał , Archacka Karolina , Stremińska Władysława , Paciorek Anna , Gołąbek Magdalena , Ciemerych Maria A. , Brzoska Edyta 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe skeletal muscle has the ability to regenerate after injury. This process is mediated mainly by the muscle specific stem cells, that is, satellite cells. In case of extensive damage or under pathological conditions, such as muscular dystrophy, the process of muscle reconstruction does not occur properly. The aim of our study was to test whether mobilized stem cells, other than satellite cells, could participate in skeletal muscle reconstruction.MethodsExperiments were performed on wild‐type mice and mice lacking the functional Pax7 gene, that is, characterized by the very limited satellite cell population. Gastrocnemius mice muscles were injured by cardiotoxin injection, and then the animals were treated by stromal derived factor‐1 (Sdf‐1) with or without granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) for 4 days. The muscles were subjected to thorough assessment of the tissue regeneration process using histological and in vitro methods, as well as evaluation of myogenic factors' expression at the transcript and protein levels.ResultsStromal derived factor‐1 alone and Sdf‐1 in combination with G‐CSF significantly improved the regeneration of Pax7−/− skeletal muscles. The Sdf‐1 and G‐CSF treatment caused an increase in the number of mononucleated cells associated with muscle fibres. Further analysis showed that Sdf‐1 and G‐CSF treatment led to the rise in the number of CD34+ and Cxcr4+ cells and expression of Cxcr7.ConclusionsStromal derived factor‐1 and G‐CSF stimulated regeneration of the skeletal muscles deficient in satellite cells. We suggest that mobilized CD34+, Cxcr4+, and Cxcr7+ cells can efficiently participate in the skeletal muscle reconstruction and compensate for the lack of satellite cells.
Real‐time monitoring of the penetration of amphiphilic acrylate copolymer in leather using a fluorescent copolymer as tracer
Authors: Du Jin‐Xia , Shi Lu , Peng Bi‐Yu 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTA fluorescent tracer, poly (acrylic‐co‐stearyl acrylate‐co−3‐acryloyl fluorescein) [poly (AA‐co‐SA‐co‐Ac‐Flu)], used for real‐time monitoring the penetration of amphiphilic acrylate copolymer, poly (acrylic‐co‐stearyl acrylate) [poly (AA‐co‐SA)], in leather was synthesized by radical polymerization of acrylic, stearyl acrylate and fluorescent monomer, 3‐acryloyl fluorescein (Ac‐Flu). The structure, molecular weight, introduced fluorescent group content and fluorescent characteristics of the fluorescent tracer and target copolymer, amphiphilic acrylate copolymer, were also characterized. The results show that the tracer presents the similar structural characteristics to the target and enough fluorescence intensity with 1.68 wt % of the fluorescent monomer introduced amount. The vertical section of the leather treated with the target copolymer mixing with 7% of the tracer exhibits evident fluorescence, and the change of fluorescence intensity along with the vertical section with treating time increasing can reflect the penetration depth of the target copolymer. The introduction of the fluorescent group in polymer structure through copolymerization with a limited amount of fluorescent monomer, Ac‐Flu, is an effective way to make a tracer to monitor the penetration of the target in leather, which provides a new thought for the penetration research of syntans such as vinyl copolymer materials in leather manufacture. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:1146–1153, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The strange case of the tetragenous Anodonta anatina
Authors: Lopes‐Lima Manuel , Hinzmann Mariana , Teixeira Amílcar , Varandas Simone , Machado Jorge , Sousa Ronaldo , Froufe Elsa 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTUnionoid freshwater mussels have a unique life cycle with a form of parental care where the larvae are developed and kept inside the gills until release, followed by an obligate parasitic stage on fish. The size and location of the marsupium have been used as important phylogenetic characters in unionoids and in Anodontini its location was described exclusively on the outer demibranchs. Two recent surveys in a lake in the North of Portugal revealed large anodontine mussels morphological identical to Anodonta anatina but with glochidia in both demibranchs and with an unusual large size. In order to establish the identity of these mussels, a barcoding approach was used and an anatomical description of the gills and glochidia was performed. These mussels were identified as A. anatina and presented an inner demibranch pair with tripartite tubes. The glochidial sizes were much higher than previously reported for the species reaching maximum (length × height) values of 566 × 552 μm. This species reveals a high ecological plasticity being able to change its size and anatomy to increase its fertility as well as infestation performance. J. Exp. Zool. 325A:52–56, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of wheat gluten hydrolysates with reduced antigenicity employing enzymatic hydrolysis combined with downstream unit operations
Authors: Merz Michael , Kettner Lucas , Langolf Emma , Appel Daniel , Blank Imre , Stressler Timo , Fischer Lutz 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDDue to allergies or other health disorders a certain segment of the population is not able to safely consume some plant proteins, which are the main protein support in human nutrition. Coeliac disease is a prominent autoimmune disorder and requires a strict adherence to a gluten‐free diet. The aim of this study was to identify suitable combinations of enzymatic hydrolysis and common unit operations in food processing (centrifugation, ultra‐filtration) to produce gluten‐free wheat gluten hydrolysates for food application. To analyse the hydrolysates, a simple and cheap competitive ELISA protocol was designed and validated in this study as well.RESULTSThe competitive ELISA was validated using gliadin spiked skim milk protein hydrolysates, due to the latter application of the assay. The limit of quantification was 4.19 mg kg−1, which allowed the identification of gluten‐free (<20 mg kg−1) hydrolysates. Enzymatic hydrolysis, including the type of peptidase, and the downstream processing greatly affected the antigenicity of the hydrolysates.CONCLUSIONEnzymatic hydrolysis and downstream processing operations, such as centrifugation and ultra‐filtration, reduced the antigenicity of wheat gluten hydrolysates. Gluten‐free hydrolysates were obtained with Flavourzyme after centrifugation (25 g L−1 substrate) and after 1 kDa ultra‐filtration (100 g L−1 substrate). A multiple peptidase complex, such as Flavourzyme, seems to be required for the production of gluten‐free hydrolysates. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Inhibition of lipid oxidation in frozen farmed ovate pompano (Trachinotus ovatus L.) fillets stored at −18 °C by chitosan coating incorporated with citric acid or licorice extract
Authors: Qiu Xujian , Chen Shengjun , Liu Guangming , Lin Hong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDLipid oxidation can occur in fish fillets during long‐term frozen storage and cause quality and nutrition loss, which is a major concern in the seafood industry. Our previous study showed that chitosan combined with citric acid or licorice extract can have a preserving effect on fresh fish fillets stored at 4 °C. It is of interest to further study their antioxidant effects on fish fillets during frozen storage.RESULTSChitosan, chitosan and citric acid, chitosan and licorice extract can inhibit primary and secondary lipid oxidation, as indicated by lower peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values compared to the control samples. In addition, drip loss was decreased in the treatment samples. Both citric acid and licorice extract enhanced the antioxidant effects of chitosan. Among all the three treatments, chitosan and licorice extract showed the best antioxidant effects, reducing both PV and TBARS significantly at the end of storage.CONCLUSIONThe combination of chitosan and citric acid or licorice extract showed significant antioxidant effects on ovate pompano fillets at −18 °C during 6 months of storage. They could be applied as natural antioxidant preservatives for use in seafood products or other meat products. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Approach to en bloc resection and reconstruction of primary masticator space malignancies
Authors: Castro Jerry , Likhterov Ilya , Mehra Saral , Bassiri‐Tehrani Michael , Scherl Sophie , Clain Jason , Buchbinder Daniel , Urken Mark L. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to present our experience with management of malignant lesions arising within the masticator space, and to describe a technique of en bloc resection and reconstruction.Study DesignCase series and case report.MethodsEight cases of masticator space malignancies treated surgically with en bloc resection and free flap reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsTumor extirpation was carried out through a parotidectomy approach with mobilization and protection of the facial nerve. Primary reconstruction was accomplished with vascularized bone containing free flaps, fibula (n = 4), scapula (n = 2), and scapula with latissimus dorsi muscle (n = 2). Mean follow‐up was 62.5 months (range, 18–132 months).ConclusionsEn bloc resection of masticator space malignancies can be consistently accomplished through an extended parotidectomy approach. The defect is best reconstructed with a vascularized bone and soft tissue free flap. Favorable functional and aesthetic outcomes can be successfully achieved using the techniques described in this series.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:372–377, 2016
Serial full‐thickness excision of dysplastic vocal fold leukoplakia: Diagnostic or therapeutic?
Authors: Ahn Annie , Wang Li , Slaughter James C. , Nguyen Amy M. , Ossoff Robert H. , Francis David O. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisA previous study proposed that serial full‐thickness excisional biopsies of vocal fold leukoplakia therapeutically decreased dysplasia grade. The current investigation aimed to 1) analyze the pathological evolution and natural history of these lesions and 2) re‐examine the role of serial excisions in dysplasia grade regression in long‐term follow‐up.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsPatients treated for vocal fold dysplasia (1994–2013) with serial full‐thickness microflap‐type excisions were identified and followed longitudinally. Excluded were those with one excision, invasive cancer at initial excision, or history of laryngeal cancer or radiation. Data from surgical procedures, associated pathology, and patient characteristics were recorded. Weighted repeated measures ordinal logistic regression measured associations with pathology findings.ResultsOf 55 patients (median age = 65 years, interquartile range = 54–73 years, 89% male, 63% ever smokers, 27% alcohol users), 31 met inclusion criteria. During the study period, patients had two to 44 excisions, with a median time between excisions of 4.0 months. Each additional excision increased odds of higher‐grade pathology by 4% (odds ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.01‐1.06; P = .007). A transition model demonstrated that patients with moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, or carcinoma in situ on a prior biopsy had 2.64‐, 5.64‐, and 8.73‐times increased odds of the same or higher pathology grade at the next excision, respectively.ConclusionsData do not support the hypothesis that serial full‐thickness excisions decrease dysplasia grade. Progression of dysplasia appears to be nonlinear, but higher‐grade dysplasia is more likely to progress to malignancy.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:923–927, 2016
Personal characteristics of residents may predict competency improvement
Authors: Park EunMi , Ha Patrick K. , Eisele David W. , Francis Howard W. , Kim Young J. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisWe hypothesized that personal characteristics of residents may affect how well competency is attained in a surgical residency. To this end, we examined two concepts of global trait emotional intelligence and learner autonomy profile and their factor relationship with competency outcomes in a residency program in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery.Study DesignA cohort study prospectively gathered competency change scores for 1 year and retrospectively analyzed the factor associations.MethodsWe measured two personal characteristics using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire‐Short Form and Learner Autonomy Profile‐Short Form between 2013 and 2014 in a tertiary otolaryngology–head and neck residency program. We prospectively examined faculty‐rated resident competency scores monitored in the same time period and correlated the personal attributes with cumulative competency improvement scores. Statistical analyses included factor correlations and univariate regression.ResultsWith a response rate of 64% (N = 16/25), we identified two statically significant predictors of competency improvement outcome attained by the end of the year. Regression analyses showed that emotionality factor of global trait emotional intelligence (P = .04) and learner autonomy profile (P < .01) were significant predictors for the higher improvement of aggregate competency outcome.ConclusionsPersonal factors of individual residents can affect their improvement of overall competency. Practicing competency‐based education should, therefore, include assessing individual resident factors as well as teaching clinical knowledge and technical skills.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:1746–1752, 2016
Late complications after percutaneous tracheostomy and oral intubation: Evaluation of 1,628 procedures
Authors: Storm Benjamin , Dybwik Knut , Nielsen Erik Waage 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisIn large international studies, upper airway–related stenosis, granulomas, malacias, and laryngeal nerve palsies following percutaneous tracheostomy have an estimated incidence of 6% to 31%. The incidence following prolonged oral intubation is estimated to be 10% to 22%. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of late complications in our unit.Study DesignRetrospective search of a single‐unit intensive care patient population.MethodsPatient records for a defined period were searched using a predefined search string, identifying those who received invasive mechanical ventilation and split in subgroups by orotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube. This search was cross‐linked with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD‐10) codes associated with recognized complications (J38.0, J38.3,J38.6, J38.7, J39.8, J39.9, J95.0, J95.5, J95.8, J95.9, J99, R04.8,S27.5).ResultsDuring the period January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2013, 32,852 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. Of these, 1,620 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation. Out of this group, 519 had a tracheostomy and 1,109 were orally intubated. Four tracheostomized and zero orotracheally intubated patients had ICD‐10 codes related to complications. From the patient records it became clear that three of four patients with tracheostomy had airway symptoms before being tracheostomized, and the fourth patient had her tracheostomy following a postintubation airway stenosis.ConclusionsSpanning a 17‐year period, our study did not show any long‐term symptomatic upper airway complications following tracheostomy and only one following orotracheal intubation. This contrasts the internationally estimated incidence.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:1077–1082, 2016
Thyroplasty in the previously irradiated neck: A case series and short‐term outcomes
Authors: White James R. , Orbelo Diana M. , Noel Daniel B. , Pittelko Rebecca L. , Maragos Nicolas E. , Ekbom Dale C. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisExternal beam radiation to the neck is widely considered a contraindication for thyroplasty due to concern for infection and implant extrusion. We present a case series of our experience regarding thyroplasty performed in a previously radiated field.Study DesignRetrospective case study at a tertiary academic referral center.MethodsUsing the institution's clinical notes search tool, records from 1999 through 2014 documenting thyroplasty and radiation were identified and reviewed. Patients who received external beam radiation to the operative field prior to thyroplasty were included. Data including duration of radiation, timing and specifics of thyroplasty, postoperative complications, risk factors, clinical voice outcomes, and length of follow‐up were collected.ResultsFourteen patients met criteria for the study. Of all thyroplasty performed, 11 were Silastic implants, two were Gore‐Tex implants, six had concurrent arytenoid adduction, and one was a midline type II thyroplasty. In terms of risk factors for postoperative complications, two were diabetic, none were active smokers, and one had a splenectomy. All patients were given postoperative antibiotics. The median duration of follow‐up after surgery was 14.2 months. No patients were found to have postoperative complications. Pre‐ and postoperative voice data were assessed. Overall, there was improvement in voice outcomes.ConclusionsThyroplasty may be an option for patients who have previously undergone external beam radiation. Short‐term and intermediate outcomes in our patients showed no postoperative complications, and generally voice or dysphagia improved. Careful selection is still warranted when considering thyroplasty in a previously irradiated neck, and long‐term outcomes need further study.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:1849–1853, 2016
Breast reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap is a reliable alternative in slim patients
Authors: Mani Maria , Wang Tim , Harris Paul , JAMES Stuart 
Published: November 2015

IntroductionFor slim patients eligible to breast reconstruction, clinical concerns exist on availability of adequate amount of donor tissue to restore breast volume and challenges in donor‐site closure, when using the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. The purpose of the current study is to analyze whether the DIEP flap can provide adequate volume for breast reconstruction in slim patients, without increased complication rates or prolonged hospital stay.Patients and methodsAll patients receiving a unilateral DIEP breast reconstruction at the center 2007‐2010 were included (n = 171). The patients were analyzed in subgroups of delayed and immediate reconstruction and of BMI. Complications were analyzed according to Clavien‐Dindo. Flap weight was compared to mastectomy specimen weight among immediate reconstructions (n = 91).ResultsThere was no difference in specimen to flap weight ratio between the different BMI‐groups (BMI <25, 25‐29.9 and >30: 0.81, 0.87 and 0.96 respectively, P = 0.360. Overall complication rate was 43.1% (BMI <25); 43.0% (BMI 25‐29.9): and 70.0% (BMI >30) (P = 0.018). The results were similar for both the immediate and the delayed reconstructions. Length of hospital stay was similar in the different BMI groups. Delayed donor‐site healing was higher in patients with BMI <25; 17.2%, compared to patients with BMI 25‐29.9; 11.8%, but lower than for patients with BMI >30; 29.7% (P = 0.033).ConclusionThe DIEP flap provides adequate volume for unilateral breast reconstruction in slim patients, both in immediate and delayed settings. However, in delayed reconstructions slim patients need to be informed about the increased risk of donor‐site complications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:552–558, 2016.
Modeling arbitrary crack propagation in coupled shell/solid structures with X‐FEM
Authors: Zeng Qinglei , Liu Zhanli , Xu Dandan , Wang Heng , Zhuang Zhuo 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn this paper, the extended finite element method (X‐FEM) formulation for the modeling of arbitrary crack propagation in coupled shell/solid structures is developed based on the large deformation continuum‐based (CB) shell theory. The main features of the new method are as follows: (1) different kinematic equations are derived for different fibers in CB shell elements, including the fibers enriched by shifted jump function or crack tip functions and the fibers cut into two segments by the crack surface or connecting with solid elements. So the crack tip can locate inside the element, and the crack surface is not necessarily perpendicular to the middle surface. (2) The enhanced CB shell element is developed to realize the seamless transition of crack propagation between shell and solid structures. (3) A revised interaction integral is used to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) for shells, which avoids that the auxiliary fields for cracks in Mindlin–Reissner plates cannot satisfy exactly the equilibrium equations. Several numerical examples, including the calculation of SIF for the cracked plate under uniform bending and crack propagation between solid and shell structures are presented to demonstrate the performance of the developed method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.