bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Italian Agency for Development Cooperation in Lebanon
Authors: Calia Maria Luigia , Piermattei Alessandra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe actions presented by AICS Beirut add to the largely positive impact that the Italian Cooperation has had in safeguarding the cultural and natural heritage in the fragile context of Lebanon. These Italian actions are implemented within the Cultural Heritage and Urban Development Program (CHUD), launched in Lebanon as a driver for development and for bolstering national and international tourism. The Cooperation’s activities contribute to the mitigation of heritage degradation risks, while at the same time supporting the upskilling of a large number of local professionals, trained to intervene effectively in securing and preserving Lebanese cultural heritage. In committing to the preservation and valorisation of Lebanese cultural and natural heritage, there is no escaping the structural problems of the monuments, cleaning parts that need curative activities, conserving architectural and decorative elements, consolidating the structures, and making the sites accessible to the local population and visitors. The actions are tailored to the specific goal of enhancing cultural tourism, which is a major source of income in Lebanon, and provides many job opportunities, revitalizing local economies. At the same time, a significant effort has been made to forge a connection between community and territory, in order to increase a sense of belonging, by planning both information days and workshops.
Site Risk Assessment Methods in Archaeological Built Environments: The Case Study of Shobak Castle in Jordan
Authors: Nucciotti Michele , Bala’awi Fadi , Sassu Mauro , Puppio Mario Lucio , Candido Fabio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA methodology for risk assessment has been developed, considering the main features of the archaeological site of Shobak Castle within the framework of AICS activities in Jordan. The site, as of the survey date, being an archaeological built environment, exhibits characteristics of a deteriorated urban setting with multiple needs and criticalities. Some areas have been subjected to archaeological excavation, temporary construction works, and subsequent surveys. To plan the rehabilitation works to be carried out by the University of Florence and to establish priorities for long-term management by the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, a comprehensive analysis of the entire Shobak Castle site was conducted. This analysis assessed different levels of risk, both for people and buildings, in accordance with the principles outlined in the Italian Consolidated Act on Safety (Legislative Decree no. 81 of April 9, 2008, and subsequent amendments). The results of this work, which have been documented in various worksheets, are summarized in the risk matrix and a series of safety maps presented herein.
Heritage, Development, Community: Methodological Reflections on Research-Action Experiences
Authors: Loda Mirella 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses the need for interventions by heritage protection experts to interrelate with the social and economic dynamics of the local society. In so doing, the paper stresses the urgency for approaches fit for addressing the complexity of the continuously evolving local systems, and for ensuring community empowerment. Also examined is the effectiveness of technical interventions that are preceded and accompanied by extensive socio-anthropological research into the specific context. Examples are given that show the variety of methods that can be used for this kind of research, and which also proved effective tools for participatory practices.
Cultural Landscape in the Bamiyan Strategic Masterplan 2018
Authors: Loda Mirella , Di Benedetto Gaetano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe paper deals with the approach taken for the protection of the cultural landscape in the Bamiyan Strategic Masterplan. It starts by illustrating the evolution of the concept of cultural landscape in the UNESCO documents and the difficulty faced in implementing the Bamiyan Cultural Master Plan (BCMP) of 2004–13. It goes on to describe the measures contained in the Bamiyan Strategic Masterplan (BSMP) of 2018 that are specifically aimed at safeguarding the landscape. Special focus is placed on avoiding population and settlement increases on the valley floor and the bypass road cutting across the valley floor.
Trapped-Ion Quantum Computing
Authors: Frisch Albert , Erhard Alexander , Feldker Thomas , Girtler Florian , Hettrich Max , Huss Wilfried , Jacob Georg , Maier Christine , Mayramhof Gregor , Nigg Daniel , Sommer Christian , Ulmanis Juris , Wodey Etienne , Zangerl Mederika , Monz Thomas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe future of quantum information processing requires a stable hardware platform to execute quantum circuits reliably and with low error rates, such that solutions for industrial applications can be built on top of it. Trapped-ion quantum computing, among other platforms, currently proves to be very suitable for the transition from tabletop, lab-based experiments to rack-mounted, on-premise systems which allow operation in data center environments. Several technical challenges need to be solved and controlling many degrees of freedom needs to be optimized and automated, before industrial applications can be successfully implemented on quantum computers situated within data centers. These necessary developments range from the architecture of an ion trap that fundamentally defines the supported instruction sets, over the control electronics and laser systems, which limit the quality of qubit operations, to the optimized compilation of quantum circuits based on qubit properties and gate fidelities. In this chapter, we give an introduction to the ion-trap quantum computing platform, present the current technical state of the art of Alpine Quantum Technologies’ ion-trapping hardware and rack-based quantum computing systems, and highlight parts of the execution stack.
Quantum Software Engineering Issues and Challenges: Insights from Practitioners
Authors: De Stefano Manuel , Pecorelli Fabiano , Palomba Fabio , Taibi Davide , Di Nucci Dario , De Lucia Andrea 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuantum computing is an emerging field in which theoretical principles are being transformed into practical applications, largely due to the efforts of the developer community. In order to ensure that quantum software engineering continues to advance, it is vital to understand the experiences, challenges, and aspirations of developers. This chapter is a continuation of our previous work, which provided a comprehensive survey exploring the adoption patterns and common challenges in quantum software engineering. In addition to the survey, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with practitioners in the field to gain a deeper and more detailed understanding of their perspectives. Through the interviews and survey findings, we have gained nuanced insights into the motivations, hurdles, and outlook of developers toward the rapidly evolving quantum computing landscape. We describe the research methodology in detail, including the tools and techniques used, in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the research process. Furthermore, we present critical insights from both the survey and interviews, enriching the narrative with fresh perspectives obtained from the post-publication interviews. This chapter is a blend of academic investigation and real-world practitioner insights, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of quantum software engineering. By illuminating the path for future research and development in this dynamic field, we hope to guide the way toward continued progress and innovation.
Verification and Validation of Quantum Software
Authors: Fortunato Daniel , Jiménez-Navajas Luis , Campos José , Abreu Rui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuantum software—like classic software—needs to be designed, specified, developed, and, most importantly, tested by developers. Writing tests is a complex, error-prone, and time-consuming task. Due to the particular properties of quantum physics (e.g., superposition), quantum software is inherently more complex to develop and effectively test than classical software. Nevertheless, some preliminary works have tried to bring commonly used classical testing practices for quantum computing to assess and improve the quality of quantum programs. In this chapter, we first gather 16 quantum software testing techniques that have been proposed for the IBM quantum framework, Qiskit. Then, whenever possible, we illustrate the usage of each technique (through the proposed tool that implements it, if available) on a given running example. We showcase that although several works have been proposed to ease the burn of testing quantum software, we are still in the early stages of testing in the quantum world. Researchers should focus on delivering artifacts that are usable without much hindrance to the rest of the community, and the development of quantum benchmarks should be a priority to facilitate reproducibility, replicability, and comparison between different testing techniques.
Introduction
Authors: Shen Zhihua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFrom July 5 to 7, 2021, the second “Tsinghua Area Studies Forum” with “Areas of the World and the World in Areas” as its theme, was held by the Institute for International and Area Studies (IIAS) at Tsinghua University in Beijing. One hundred and forty-four scholars from 13 countries and 36 universities and research institutions around the world attended the conference.
The Rise of Power and the Evolution of Human Geography in the Slave Trade in Madagascar
Authors: Xiong Xinghan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBeing one part of the African slave trade, the slave trade in Madagascar is similar to that of the Transatlantic area. Both are destructive commercial activities that cause population loss and exacerbate social unrest and ethnic conflicts. The Kingdom of Imerina, located at Madagascar’s central plateau, thrived in the destructive slave trade by combining its trade dominance with the cultural system and created a new regime. However, different from the slave trade in most African regions, the rise of the Imerina dynasty did not lead to a shift of political and economic center to the coastal area but took on an inland-centered pattern. A comparison between the slave trade in Madagascar and the transatlantic area shows that the human-geographical patterns formed by the slave trade have their own unique historical and geographical attributes, and conclusively justify that the slave trade does not necessarily lead to preferential development of coastal areas.
ACAD10 and ACAD11 allow entry of 4-hydroxy fatty acids into β-oxidation
Authors: Paquay Stéphanie , Duraffourd Julia , Bury Marina , Heremans Isaac P. , Caligiore Francesco , Gerin Isabelle , Stroobant Vincent , Jacobs Jean , Pinon Aymeric , Graff Julie , Vertommen Didier , Van Schaftingen Emile , Dewulf Joseph P. , Bommer Guido T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydroxylated fatty acids are important intermediates in lipid metabolism and signaling. Surprisingly, the metabolism of 4-hydroxy fatty acids remains largely unexplored. We found that both ACAD10 and ACAD11 unite two enzymatic activities to introduce these metabolites into mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation, respectively. First, they phosphorylate 4-hydroxyacyl-CoAs via a kinase domain, followed by an elimination of the phosphate to form enoyl-CoAs catalyzed by an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD) domain. Studies in knockout cell lines revealed that ACAD10 preferentially metabolizes shorter chain 4-hydroxy fatty acids than ACAD11 (i.e. 6 carbons versus 10 carbons). Yet, recombinant proteins showed comparable activity on the corresponding 4-hydroxyacyl-CoAs. This suggests that the localization of ACAD10 and ACAD11 to mitochondria and peroxisomes, respectively, might influence their physiological substrate spectrum. Interestingly, we observed that ACAD10 is cleaved internally during its maturation generating a C-terminal part consisting of the ACAD domain, and an N-terminal part comprising the kinase domain and a haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) domain. HAD domains often exhibit phosphatase activity, but negligible activity was observed in the case of ACAD10. Yet, inactivation of a presumptive key residue in this domain significantly increased the kinase activity, suggesting that this domain might have acquired a regulatory function to prevent accumulation of the phospho-hydroxyacyl-CoA intermediate. Taken together, our work reveals that 4-hydroxy fatty acids enter mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation via two enzymes with an overlapping substrate repertoire.
The DERIVO 2 Heal Embolization Device in the Treatment of Ruptured and Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: a Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Schwab Roland , Kabbasch Christoph , Goertz Lukas , Kaschner Marius , Weiss Daniel , Loehr Christian , Wensing Hauke , Bester Maxim , Simgen Andreas , Kemmling André , Wendl Christina , Fuchs Erelle , Thormann Maximilian , Behme Daniel , Nordmeyer Hannes 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Backround
The use of flow diverting stents in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms is associated with a risk of neurological morbidity due to their thrombogenicity. To reduce this risk different surface modifications have been developed. The Derivo 2 Embolization Device (Acandis, Pforzheim, Germany) has proven to be a safe and effective flow diverter. To overcome the risk of thrombo-embolism, the device was modified by adding an anti-thrombogenic fibrin-heparin coating. We aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the Derivo 2 heal Embolization Device.

Methods
Retrospective multicenter data from nine German neurovascular centers between February 2022 until December 2023 were used. Patients treated with the Derivo 2 heal Embolization Device for unruptured or ruptured intracranial aneurysms were included. Peri- and postprocedural adverse events, clinical outcomes, and angiographic follow-up results were evaluated.

Results
84 patients (73.8% female; mean age 58.7 years) with 89 aneurysms (mean size 9.8 mm) were included. 87.6% were located in the anterior circulation. Most of them were sidewall aneurysms (88.8%). 96 flow diverters were used. 99.0% were successfully implanted. An in-stent balloon angioplasty was performed in 6.0% of the cases. An additional coiling was performed in 28.6%. Technical difficulties were present in 12.0% of the cases. Thrombotic events occurred in 4.8% with no neurological sequelae. Mortality and morbidity were 0 and 1.2% respectively. Adequate aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 80.7% with a mean follow-up time of 6.6 months.

Conclusion
The Derivo 2 heal Embolization Device showed a satisfying aneurysm occlusion and safety with a low rate of neurological morbidity.
Patienten- und Qualitätsmerkmale bei der Behandlung mit Disulfiram („Antabus“) im deutschsprachigen „Netzwerk alkoholaversive Pharmakotherapie“
Authors: Zimmermann Ulrich S. , Plickert Clemens , Lüdecke Christel , Stuppe Markus , Rosenbeiger Christian , Krisam Yvonne , Link Tobias , Keller Jean , Bühler Gero , Scholz-Hehn Deborah , Havemann-Reinecke Ursula , Wedekind Dirk , Luderer Mathias , Spreer Maik 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit mehr als 10 Jahren ist Disulfiram in Deutschland nicht mehr zugelassen. Dennoch wird es seitens einer Reihe von Ambulanzen psychiatrischer Fachkliniken sowie niedergelassener Ärzte weiter off-label eingesetzt. Diese haben sich 2018 zum „Netzwerk alkoholaversive Pharmakotherapie“ (NAP) zusammengeschlossen, um die Qualität dieser Behandlungsform aufrechtzuhalten.

Ziel der Arbeit
Beschreibung des gegenwärtigen Behandlungsumfangs, der Patientencharakteristika, der Nebenwirkungen und der begleitenden Therapieangebote der Behandlung mit Disulfiram.

Material und Methoden
Seit 2019 führt das NAP in den beteiligten Zentren jährlich eine retrospektive Erhebung zu oben genannten Parametern durch.

Ergebnisse
Im Zeitraum von 2019 bis 2023 wurden durch 33 Zentren zusammen 1579 Behandlungsfälle erfasst. Bei 152 Patienten wurden insgesamt 241 Trinkereignisse beschrieben, von denen 26 zu stationärer Behandlung ohne Komplikationen oder anhaltende Gesundheitsschäden führten. Häufigste Nebenwirkungen waren in absteigender Reihenfolge Körpergeruch (2,5 %), Müdigkeit, männliche sexuelle Funktionsstörungen, benigner Transaminasenanstieg, allergische Hautreaktionen und Polyneuropathie (0,8 %). Über ein Viertel der Patienten litt komorbid an Depressionen und je ca. 5 % an ADHS, emotional instabilen bzw. anderen Persönlichkeitsstörungen, Traumafolgestörungen sowie Angststörungen. 33 % der Patienten wurden mit Antidepressiva und 12 % mit sedierenden Antipsychotika behandelt. Begleitende Gruppentherapien wurden bei 66 % der Patienten angeboten.

Diskussion
Die Behandlung mit Disulfiram ist legal möglich, allgemein gut verträglich und sicher. Sie wird in den meisten Behandlungszentren als Bestandteil eines Gesamtbehandlungsplanes angeboten, der eine multimodale Behandlung komorbider psychiatrischer Erkrankungen miteinschließt.
Age, period, and cohort trends of substance poisoning, alcohol-related disease, and suicide deaths in Australia, 1980–2019
Authors: Bharat Chrianna , Hopkins Ria E. , Chambers Mark , Degenhardt Louisa , Peacock Amy , Farrell Michael , Yuen Wing See , Man Nicola , Gisev Natasa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Deaths due to substance poisoning, alcohol-related disease, and suicide pose a critical public health issue, and have been categorized as “deaths of despair” in the US. Whether these deaths represent a distinct phenomenon requires exploration, particularly in other countries.

Methods
This retrospective observational study examines age-period-cohort trends of (combined and cause-specific) substance poisoning, alcohol-related disease, and suicide deaths among Australians aged ≥15-years that occurred between 1980 and 2019 and compares trends between males and females.

Results
Combined mortality rates were initially (1980–1999) relatively stable, reflecting a reduction in alcohol-related disease deaths offset by an increase in substance poisoning deaths. A decline (2000–2006) and subsequent increase (2007–2019) in combined rates were primarily attributable to corresponding changes in both substance poisoning and suicide deaths among males. Distinct age-period-cohort trends were observed between cause of death sub-types, with net drifts: increasing for male (net drift [95% CI]: 3.33 [2.84, 3.83]) and female (2.58 [2.18, 2.98]) substance poisoning deaths; decreasing among male alcohol-related disease (− 1.46 [− 1.75, − 1.16]) and suicide deaths (− 0.52[− 0.69, − 0.36]); and remaining relatively stable for female alcohol-related disease (− 0.28 [− 0.66, 0.09]) and suicide deaths (− 0.25 [− 0.52, 0.01]).

Conclusions
Although combined age-specific trends were relatively stable over the study period, different and distinct patterns were observed within cause-specific deaths, challenging the notion that these causes of death represent a distinct epidemiological phenomenon. These data indicate a critical need to review the appropriateness of guidance for clinical practice, prevention strategies, and policy initiatives aimed at preventing future deaths.
Genotoxicity of selected cannabinoids in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells
Authors: Kolar Nicol , Bankoglu Ezgi Eyluel , Stopper Helga 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNatural non-psychoactive cannabinoids such as cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidivarin (CBDV), and cannabinol (CBN) are increasingly consumed as constituents of dietary products because of the health benefits claims. Cannabinoids may reduce certain types of pain, nausea, and anxiety. Anti-inflammatory and even anti-carcinogenic properties have been discussed. However, there are insufficient data available regarding their potential (geno-)toxic effects. Therefore, we tested CBG, CBD, CBC, CBDV, and CBN for their genotoxic potential and effects on mitosis and cell cycle in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. The selected cannabinoids (except CBDV) induced increased micronuclei formation, which was reduced with the addition of a metabolic activation system (S9 mix). CBDV induced micronuclei only after metabolic activation. Mitotic disturbances were observed with all tested cannabinoids, while G1 phase accumulation of cells was observed for CBG, CBD and CBDV. The genotoxic effects occurred at about 1000-fold higher concentrations than are reported as blood levels from human consumption. However, the results clearly indicate a need for further research into the genotoxic effects of cannabinoids. The mechanism of the mitotic disturbance, the shape of the dose–response curves and the possible effects of mixtures of cannabinoids are aspects which need clarification.
Updated analysis of the prescription and evaluation of protein kinase inhibitors for oncology in Germany
Authors: Obst Caecilia S. , Seifert Roland 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A recent analysis from our group (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37014400/) has shown that the immense costs of the 20 protein kinase inhibitors for oncology approved from 2015 to 2019 are largely caused by drugs whose additional benefit has not been proven. We updated our analysis by adding the newly approved protein kinase inhibitors of the years 2020 and 2021. Based on the 2021 and 2022 Arzneiverordnungsreport (AVR), we expanded our analysis to include a total of nine protein kinase inhibitors newly approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2020 and 2021. As a result, 29 protein kinase inhibitors were identified for an update of our analysis. For these 29 drugs, all additional benefit assessments published by the Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss (GBA) were analyzed. The additional benefit assessments of the GBA were compared with the corresponding assessments of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Onkologie (DGHO, German Society for Hematology and Oncology) and the Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ, Drug Commission of the German Medical Association). In addition, a total number of 91 drug advertisements published in the journal Oncology Research and Treatment in 2022 were analyzed. The number of protein kinase inhibitors for which no additional benefit can be found by the GBA is increasing, whereas the number of drugs for which a considerable additional benefit can be found is decreasing. Thus, in the current 2022 (re)assessment of additional benefit by the GBA, no additional benefit was identified for 50% of the drugs (2020, 46%). Nineteen percent were assessed with a minor additional benefit (2020, 18%) and also 19% with a considerable additional benefit (2020, 27%). For 12% of the drugs, the additional benefit could not be quantified by the GBA (2020, 9%). The benefit assessments by other medical societies often differ significantly from those of the GBA, mainly due to different evaluations of various endpoint parameters. In addition, more and more protein kinase inhibitors are being approved as orphan drugs. However, their additional benefit cannot be quantified by the GBA in most cases (78%). In 38% of the advertisements of an oncology journal, protein kinase inhibitors are promoted, which shows the pharmacoeconomic importance of these drugs. In summary, the current additional benefit assessment procedure in Germany is very questionable, and reforms are urgently needed to maintain the stability of the German healthcare system, which is being undermined by the high cost of medicines, particularly for drugs whose additional benefits have not been proven.