bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Distribution of Migratory Fishes and Connectivity following Complete and Partial Dam Removals in a North Carolina River
Authors: Raabe Joshua K. , Hightower Joseph E. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Fish, especially migratory species, are assumed to benefit from dam removals that restore connectivity and access to upstream habitat, but few studies have evaluated this assumption. Therefore, we assessed the movement of migratory fishes in the springs of 2008 through 2010 and surveyed available habitat in the Little River, North Carolina, a tributary to the Neuse River, after three complete dam removals and one partial (notched) dam removal. We tagged migratory fishes with PIT tags at a resistance-board weir located at a dam removal site (river kilometer [rkm] 3.7) and followed their movements with an array of PIT antennas. The river-wide distribution of fish following removals varied by species. For example, 24–31% of anadromous American Shad Alosa sapidissima, 45–49% of resident Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, and 4–11% of nonnative Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris passed the dam removal site at rkm 56 in 2009 and 2010. No preremoval data were available for comparison, but reach connectivity appeared to increase as tagged individuals passed former dam sites and certain individuals moved extensively both upstream and downstream. However, 17–28% did not pass the partially removed dam at rkm 7.9, while 20–39% of those that passed remained downstream for more than a day before migrating upstream. Gizzard Shad required the deepest water to pass this notched structure, followed by American Shad then Flathead Catfish. Fish that passed the notched dam accessed more complex habitat (e.g., available substrate size-classes) in the middle and upper reaches. The results provide strong support for efforts to restore currently inaccessible habitat through complete removal of derelict dams.
Received August 23, 2013; accepted June 18, 2014
Factors Influencing Successful Eradication of Nonnative Brook Trout from Four Small Rocky Mountain Streams Using Electrofishing
Authors: Shepard Bradley B. , Nelson Lee M. , Taper Mark L. , Zale Alexander V. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We successfully eradicated nonnative Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis by electrofishing from 2.4- to 3.0-km treatment reaches of four Rocky Mountain streams in Montana to conserve sympatric populations of native Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi. At least 6, and as many as 14, removal treatments of two to four electrofishing passes per treatment were required to successfully eradicate Brook Trout from these treatment reaches. We increased success by modifying our treatment efforts during this study from single annual treatments to several treatments a year to take advantage of autumn spawning and winter aggregating behavior. Eradication by electrofishing cost US$3,500 to $5,500 per kilometer where no riparian vegetation or woody debris clearing was necessary, increasing to $8,000 to $9,000 per kilometer where clearing was needed. Treatment costs without stream clearing were similar to costs of eradication using piscicides. Eradication by electrofishing may be preferable where native fish occur in sympatry with nonnative fish in smaller streams (base flow wetted widths &lt;3.0 m) because native fish can be salvaged during removal efforts and because electrofishing may be more acceptable to the public than use of piscicides.
Received December 16,2013; accepted June 9,2014
Dynamics of an Introduced and Unexploited Lake Whitefish Population in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho
Authors: Hosack Michael A. , Hansen Michael J. , Horner Ned J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
To evaluate biological potential of a commercial fishery for an unexploited Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis population in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, we estimated population parameters related to production and yield. The length frequency based on trap-netting in autumn 2005 was normal with a mean of 448 mm TL, whereas the length frequency based on gillnetting in spring 2006 was bimodal with a mean of 390 mm TL. Sex composition was skewed toward females (0.66) during autumn trap-netting. Shape parameters β of weight–length models for females (β = 3.38) and males (β = 3.45) were similar to those of other unexploited populations. Instantaneous growth rates K for females (K = 0.144 per year) and males (K = 0.153 per year) were among the lowest for unexploited populations across the species’ range. Age at 50% maturity (females: 6.5 years; males: 6.0 years) and length at 50% maturity (females: 390 mm TL; males: 378 mm TL) were high for unexploited populations. The natural mortality rate M (0.149 per year, ages 11–36) was among the lowest observed for unexploited populations. Adult population density was lower than that of other populations based on total surface area (mean = 1.35 fish/ha; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–1.78 fish/ha) but was average based on lake area shallower than 70 m (4.07 fish/ha; 95% CI = 3.35–5.35 fish/ha). Population density of juveniles and adults averaged 84 fish/ha (95% CI = 52–143 fish/ha) over the entire surface area and 278 fish/ha (95% CI = 173–474 fish/ha) over depths shallower than 70 m. The difference between the low M of the unexploited population in Lake Pend Oreille (M = 0.149 per year; annual mortality rate A = 14%) and the high sustainable total mortality Z of exploited stocks in the Laurentian Great Lakes (Z = 1.204; A = 70%) suggests a large scope for sustainable fishing mortality F (1.055 per year; exploitation rate u = 61%) that is equivalent to a sustainable Lake Whitefish harvest of 55,000 individuals (50,000–60,000 individuals) and 49,000 kg (45,000–54,000 kg) from Lake Pend Oreille.
Received February 24, 2014; accepted June 25, 2014
Assessment of Paddlefish Reintroduction into Allegheny Reservoir
Authors: Budnik Richard R. , Clancy Mike , Miner Jeffrey G. , Brown William D. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Gillnetting and radiotelemetry were used to evaluate the reintroduction of Paddlefish Polyodon spathula into Allegheny Reservoir, New York–Pennsylvania. Gillnetting produced 86 total captures over 6,943 h of effort in the spring and early summer of 2008–2011. Forty-four of these individuals received implanted radio transmitters and were tracked from May 2008 to August 2011. Paddlefish showed a strong preference for reservoir sections where depths ranged from 6 to 18 m; only one individual was located in water greater than 18 m in depth. One sexually mature Paddlefish was identified, but telemetry data showed no evidence of reproduction, with only one individual making use of available riverine habitat that was predicted to be ideal for spawning. Paddlefish were susceptible to passage through Kinzua Dam: 46% of radio-tracked individuals left the reservoir during the study period. Continued efforts to evaluate Paddlefish reintroduction in Allegheny Reservoir should now focus on (1) assessing natural reproduction and (2) determining movement and survival through Kinzua Dam.
Received November 4, 2013; accepted June 26, 2014
Flood disaster management policy: an analysis of the United States Community Ratings System
Authors: Sadiq Abdul-Akeem , Noonan Douglas S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In 1990 the US Federal Emergency Management Agency created the Community Ratings System (CRS) to engage local governments to enhance community flood resilience. The CRS encourages community flood risk management activities by discounting flood insurance premiums commensurate with the level of flood management measures implemented. Using a national sample of communities, this study empirically identifies factors motivating both communities' decision to participate and intensity of participation in the CRS. The results indicate that local capacity, flood risk factors, socio-economic characteristics, and political economy factors are significant predictors of CRS participation. Further, factors predicting participation in the CRS differ from factors predicting CRS scores.
Genome measures used for quality control are dependent on gene function and ancestry
Authors: Wang Jing , Raskin Leon , Samuels David C. , Shyr Yu , Guo Yan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Motivation: The transition/transversion (Ti/Tv) ratio and heterozygous/nonreference-homozygous (het/nonref-hom) ratio have been commonly computed in genetic studies as a quality control (QC) measurement. Additionally, these two ratios are helpful in our understanding of the patterns of DNA sequence evolution.
Results: To thoroughly understand these two genomic measures, we performed a study using 1000 Genomes Project (1000G) released genotype data ( N = 1092). An additional two datasets ( N = 581 and N = 6) were used to validate our findings from the 1000G dataset. We compared the two ratios among continental ancestry, genome regions and gene functionality. We found that the Ti/Tv ratio can be used as a quality indicator for single nucleotide polymorphisms inferred from high-throughput sequencing data. The Ti/Tv ratio varies greatly by genome region and functionality, but not by ancestry. The het/nonref-hom ratio varies greatly by ancestry, but not by genome regions and functionality. Furthermore, extreme guanine + cytosine content (either high or low) is negatively associated with the Ti/Tv ratio magnitude. Thus, when performing QC assessment using these two measures, care must be taken to apply the correct thresholds based on ancestry and genome region. Failure to take these considerations into account at the QC stage will bias any following analysis.
Contact: yan.guo@vanderbilt.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Iron-catalyzed transformations of diazo compounds
Authors: Zhu Shou-Fei , Zhou Qi-Lin 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Although iron-promoted diazo transformations were only discovered during the 1990s, iron can undergo facile changes in its oxidation state and possesses distinct Lewis acid character, and these properties have afforded iron a privileged position as a catalyst in the transformations of diazo compounds. In this review, we have provided an overview of the iron-catalyzed diazo transformation reactions reported in the literature by the end of 2013 with the aim of stimulating further interest in this area of research.
Fulminant Hepatic Failure of Autoimmune Aetiology in Children
Authors: Di Giorgio A. , Bravi M. , Bonanomi E. , Alessio G. , Sonzogni A. , Zen Y. , Colledan M. , D'Antiga L. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjective:Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is considered an underdiagnosed cause of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Autoimmune FHF (AI‐FHF) is believed to lead invariably to liver transplantation (LTX) or death. We aimed to describe the autoimmune features of children diagnosed as having AI‐FHF and indeterminate FHF (ID‐FHF), and describe the outcome of patients with AI‐FHF treated with immunosuppressive drugs.Methods:In this case–control study, the files of patients with AI‐FHF and ID‐FHF were reviewed and compared. AIH was diagnosed based on positive autoantibodies, raised immunoglobulin G, and histology when available. FHF was defined by raised transaminases, international normalised ratio ≥ 2.0, presence of encephalopathy, and no previously recognised liver disease.Results:A total of 46 children with FHF were managed in the last 15 years: 10/46 (22%) had AI‐FHF, 20/46 (43%) ID‐FHF, and 16 had other diagnosis. The mean follow‐up time was 4.6 years. AI‐FHF and ID‐FHF differed for the presence of autoantibodies (10/10, 6/10 liver/kidney microsome [LKM]‐type, vs 3/20, none LKM, P < 0.0001), immunoglobulin G level (1845 vs 880 mg/dL, P < 0.001), median age at diagnosis (6.4 vs 1.8 years, P = 0.017), and alanine aminotransferase level (1020 vs 2386 IU/L, P = 0.029). Liver histology did not allow to differentiate the 2 conditions. Among the patients with AI‐FHF, 4/9 who received steroids recovered; 5/9 required LTX and 1 died awaiting treatment.Conclusions:AIH is a much more common cause of FHF than previously suggested, and a complete autoantibody testing including LKM‐type is essential in this setting. Autoantibodies are uncommon in ID‐FHF, and histology cannot distinguish it from AI‐FHF. A cautious steroid trial may avoid LTX in some of the patients with AI‐FHF.
Inference of interactions between chromatin modifiers and histone modifications: from ChIP-Seq data to chromatin-signaling
Authors: Perner Juliane , Lasserre Julia , Kinkley Sarah , Vingron Martin , Chung Ho-Ryun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractChromatin modifiers and histone modifications are components of a chromatin-signaling network involved in transcription and its regulation. The interactions between chromatin modifiers and histone modifications are often unknown, are based on the analysis of few genes, or are studiedin vitro. Here, we apply computational methods to recover interactions between chromatin modifiers and histone modifications from genome-wide ChIP-Seq data. These interactions provide a high-confidence backbone of the chromatin-signaling network. Many recovered interactions have literature support; others provide hypotheses about yet unknown interactions. We experimentally verified two of these predicted interactions, leading to a link between H4K20me1 and members of the Polycomb Repressive Complexes 1 and 2. Our results suggest that our computationally derived interactions are likely to lead to novel biological insights required to establish the connectivity of the chromatin-signaling network involved in transcription and its regulation.
An evidence assessment tool for ecosystem services and conservation studies
Authors: Mupepele Anne-Christine , Walsh Jessica C. , Sutherland William J. , Dormann Carsten F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractReliability of scientific findings is important, especially if they directly impact decision making, such as in environmental management. In the 1990s, assessments of reliability in the medical field resulted in the development of evidence-based practice. Ten years later, evidence-based practice was translated into conservation, but so far no guidelines exist on how to assess the evidence of individual studies. Assessing the evidence of individual studies is essential to appropriately identify and summarize the confidence in research findings. We develop a tool to assess the strength of evidence of ecosystem services and conservation studies. This tool consists of (1) a hierarchy of evidence, based on the experimental design of studies and (2) a critical-appraisal checklist that identifies the quality of research implementation. The application is illustrated with 13 examples and we suggest further steps required to move towards more evidence-based environmental management.
GDP growth – energy consumption relationship: revisited
Authors: Al-mulali Usama 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) growth and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in 82 developing countries categorized by region.

Design/methodology/approach
– To achieve the goal of this study, the panel model was used taking the period 1990-2009.

Findings
– The Kao co-integration test results showed that both renewable and non-renewable energy consumption had a long-running relationship with all the economic sectors in all regions. Moreover, the FMOLS revealed that the renewable and non-renewable energy consumption had a long-run positive relationship with the economic sectors. However, the results also revealed that non-renewable energy consumption has a more significant effect on the economic sectors than the renewable energy consumption. In addition, the Granger causality showed the same results, that the causal relationship between the economic sectors and non-renewable energy consumption is more significant than the causal relationship between the economic sectors and renewable energy.

Practical implications
– The reason behind these results is that these regions still depend on fossil fuels to promote their economic growth. Fossil fuels basically contribute more than 80 per cent of their total energy consumption. Thus, the study recommends the developing countries to increase their investment on renewable energy projects to increase the share of the renewable energy of total energy consumption.

Originality/value
– This study is considered different from all the previous studies because it will investigate the disaggregate relationship between GDP and energy consumption (renewable and non-renewable) in East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia and the Sub-Saharan African developing countries.
Microfinance and credit to the ultra poor
Authors: Kusum Mukherjee Arghya 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to see whether Government of India is successful to make credit accessible to the poor; to examine the role of competition in microfinance sector in ensuring credit to the ultra poor borrowers; to see the role of subsidy in microfinance movement.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based on secondary data. This paper examines, in an analytical framework with a variety of assumptions, the role of microfinance institutes (MFIs) in bringing capital to the ultra poor.

Findings
– In an attempt to make credit accessible to the poor, Government of India took several measures, but did not succeed to a significant extent. This paper has shown that the microcredit has become accessible to the “working poor,” but not to the ultra poor. Initially the model shows that in the absence of competition MFI and moneylender are equally exploitative to the ultra poor borrowers. The model further shows that in the presence or absence of competition in the credit market, credit may be accessible to the ultra poor borrowers under certain conditions. Excessive subsidies might drive out the poor borrowers from the microfinance sector.

Originality/value
– For the poor clients served by the microfinance institution, the argument goes, the access not the cost (interest rate) that matters (Robinson, 2001). Here the implicit assumption is that the interest rate elasticity of demand for micro credit is close to zero (Emran et al., 2006). In an interesting paper Deheja et al. (2005) has shown that the interest rate elasticity of loan in the microfinance system is significantly negative. The author is of the opinion that this is the cost of credit as well as inability to pay a minimum price of credit, which denies the access to credit.
How public-private partnership projects impact infrastructure industry for economic growth
Authors: Zangoueinezhad Abouzar , Azar Adel 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– Public-private partnership (PPP) is mutually beneficial relationships that are formed between the public and private sectors. The private-sector partner typically makes a substantial equity investment, and in return the public sector gains access to new or improved services. When properly vetted and structured, PPP allocate risk to the party best suited to handle it. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the scale and nature of the PPP's contribution as a driver of the economic growth and gross domestic product (GDP).

Design/methodology/approach
– Using statistics causality modeling and relevant statistical techniques, the dynamic interactions and interdependencies over PPP and economic growth were addressed and quantified.

Findings
– Although PPP can free up government resources for other public priorities, three key factors enable PPP to stimulate a country's economic growth: the number of PPP projects under way, the value of PPP projects, and the ideal type of PPP contracts in use.

Originality/value
– The number, value, and type of PPP, combined with supportive policies, power economic growth. Governments with well-established and enforced policies against corruption, combined with low business transaction costs, a transparent legislative system, and exchange rate and monetary stability are far more attractive to the private sector.
Fighting African corruption when existing corruption-control levels matter in a dynamic cultural setting
Authors: Simplice Asongu 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to assess the determinants of corruption-control (CC) with freedom dynamics (economic, political, press and trade), government quality (GQ) and a plethora of socio-economic factors in 46 African countries using updated data.

Design/methodology/approach
– A quantile regression approach is employed while controlling for the unobserved heterogeneity. Principal component analysis is also used to reduce the dimensions of highly correlated variables.

Findings
– With the legal origin fundamental characteristic, the following findings have been established. First, while political freedom increases CC in a bottom quantile of English common-law countries, there is no such evidence in their French civil-law counterparts. Second, GQ consistently improves CC across all quantiles in English common-law countries but fails to exert the same effect in middle quantiles of French civil-law countries. Third, economic freedom ameliorates CC only in common-law countries with low existing CC levels (bottom quantiles). Fourth, The authors find no significant evidence of a positive “press freedom”-CC nexus and having the status of low-income English common-law (French civil law) countries decreases (increases) CC. From a religious domination scenario, the authors also find the following. First, political and trade freedoms only reduce CC in Christian-dominated countries while press freedom has a mitigation effect in both religious cultures (though more consistent across quantiles of Christian-oriented countries). Second, GQ is more pro-CC in Christian than in Muslim-dominated countries. Third, while economic freedom has a scanty negative nexus with CC in Christian-oriented countries, the effect is positive in their Muslim-dominated counterparts. Fourth, having a low-income status in countries with Christian common-law tradition improves CC.

Originality/value
– The authors complement the literature on the fight against corruption in Africa by employing recently documented additional factors that should be considered in corruption studies.
Attitudes of Turkish students against markets: does studying economics matter?
Authors: Cokgezen Murat , Mete Cilingirturk Ahmet 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The literature shows economics students to be more market oriented than students from other disciplines. A major shortcoming of this work, however, is that it is based on research carried out in the west. The purpose of this paper is to examine the attitudes of Turkish economics students’ towards markets.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study reported here uses a survey developed by Lephard and Breeden to investigate students’ attitudes towards markets. The survey consists of 11 market-positive statements and 11 market-negative statements. Participants were asked to indicate their level of agreement with each statement, placed at between 0 and 100 per cent and classified into 11 categories. The survey was administered to economics, physics and mathematics students from different universities. Then, responses of economics students and others are compared.

Findings
– The results show that Turkish students are less market friendly than their western counterparts. Contrary to the findings of other studies, in Turkey studying economics is found to have no effect on attitudes in this respect.

Originality/value
– First, almost all of the other studies in this realm are all based on surveys carried out in the west. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first study for other parts of the world. Second, results show that Turkish economics students are less market friendly than their western counterparts, and that studying economics has no significant effect on this. These results are surprising and contrary to the consensus in the literature.