bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination strategy in Brazil: an ecological study
Authors: Aguilar Soraida , Bastos Leonardo S L , Maçaira Paula , Baião Fernanda , Simões Paulo , Cerbino-Neto José , Ranzani Otavio , Hamacher Silvio , Bozza Fernando A 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesNo consensus exists about the best COVID-19 vaccination strategy to be adopted by low-income and middle-income countries. Brazil adopted an age-based calendar strategy to reduce mortality and the burden on the healthcare system. This study evaluates the impact of the vaccination campaign in Brazil on the progression of the reported COVID-19 deaths.MethodsThis ecological study analyses the dynamic of vaccination coverage and COVID-19 deaths in hospitalised adults (≥20 years) during the first year of the COVID-19 vaccination roll-out (January to December 2021) using nationwide data (DATASUS). We stratified the adult population into 20–49, 50–59, 60–69 and 70+ years. The dynamic effect of the vaccination campaign on mortality rates was estimated by applying a negative binomial regression. The prevented and possible preventable deaths (observed deaths higher than expected) and potential years of life lost (PYLL) for each age group were obtained in a counterfactual analysis.ResultsDuring the first year of COVID-19 vaccination, 266 153 517 doses were administered, achieving 91% first-dose coverage. A total of 380 594 deaths were reported, 154 091 (40%) in 70+ years and 136 804 (36%) from 50-59 or 20-49 years. The mortality rates of 70+ decreased by 52% (rate ratio [95% CI]: 0.48 [0.43-0.53]) in 6 months, whereas rates for 20–49 were still increasing due to low coverage (52%). The vaccination roll-out strategy prevented 59 618 deaths, 53 088 (89%) from those aged 70+ years. However, the strategy did not prevent 54 797 deaths, 85% from those under 60 years, being 26 344 (45%) only in 20–49, corresponding to 1 589 271 PYLL, being 1 080 104 PYLL (68%) from those aged 20–49 years.ConclusionThe adopted aged-based calendar vaccination strategy initially reduced mortality in the oldest but did not prevent the deaths of the youngest as effectively as compared with the older age group. Countries with a high burden, limited vaccine supply and young populations should consider other factors beyond the age to prioritise who should be vaccinated first.
Low-dose aspirin prophylaxis to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy after in vitro fertilisation: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Collee Julie , Vervier Julie , Vandenput S , Chantraine F , Nisolle M , Henry L , Noel L 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilisation are associated with an increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, when compared with naturally conceived pregnancies.

Objective
The efficacy of aspirin prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia is well established in naturally conceived pregnancies identified as high risk for developing preeclampsia. However, the efficacy of aspirin to reduce the rate of preeclampsia for all pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilisation remains uncertain, although in vitro fertilisation conception is a well-known risk factor for preeclampsia. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature regarding the use of low-dose aspirin to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy after in vitro fertilisation.

Inclusion criteria
This review will identify all peer-reviewed published articles including pregnant women who underwent embryo transfer after in vitro fertilisation and were prescribed low-dose aspirin to reduce the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Methods
We have devised a comprehensive search strategy to systematically identify pertinent studies published from January 2000 until May 2024, within the Medline (PubMed interface), Embase and Scopus databases. The search strategy is based on the keywords ‘aspirin,’ ‘pregnancy-induced hypertension,’ and (‘in vitro fertilization’ OR ‘oocyte donation’ OR ‘embryo transfer’ OR ‘donor conception’). Two reviewers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and full-text articles to select the relevant articles, using the Covidence software.

Ethics and dissemination
No patients are involved in this study. This study aims to be published in a peer-reviewed journal and could be presented at a conference.
Bronchoscopy with and without needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for peripheral lung nodule diagnosis: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial (CLEVER trial)
Authors: van Heumen Saskia , Kramer Tess , Korevaar Daniël A , Gompelmann Daniela , Bal Christina , Hetzel Juergen , Jahn Kathleen , Poletti Venerino , Ravaglia Claudia , Sadoughi Ali , Stratakos Grigoris , Bakiri Katerina , Koukaki Evangelia , Anagnostopoulos Nektarios , Votruba Jiří , Šestáková Zuzana , Heuvelmans Marjolein A , Daniels Johannes M.A. , de Bruin Daniel M , Bonta Peter I , Annema Jouke T 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Despite many technological advances, the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopic peripheral lung nodule analysis remains limited due to frequent mispositioning. Needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) enables real-time microscopic feedback on needle positioning, potentially improving the sampling location and diagnostic yield. Previous studies have defined and validated nCLE criteria for malignancy, airway and lung parenchyma. Larger studies demonstrating the effect of nCLE on diagnostic yield are lacking. We aim to investigate if nCLE-imaging integrated with conventional bronchoscopy results in a higher diagnostic yield compared with conventional bronchoscopy without nCLE.

Methods and analysis
This is a parallel-group randomised controlled trial. Recruitment is performed at pulmonology outpatient clinics in universities and general hospitals in six different European countries and one hospital in the USA. Consecutive patients with a for malignancy suspected peripheral lung nodule (10–30 mm) with an indication for diagnostic bronchoscopy will be screened, and 208 patients will be included. Web-based randomisation (1:1) between the two procedures will be performed. The primary outcome is diagnostic yield. Secondary outcomes include diagnostic sensitivity for malignancy, needle repositionings, procedure and fluoroscopy duration, and complications. Pathologists will be blinded to procedure type; patients and endoscopists will not.

Ethics and dissemination
Primary approval by the Ethics Committee of the Amsterdam University Medical Center. Dissemination involves publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

Support
Financial and material support from Mauna Kea Technologies.

Trial registration number

NCT06079970
.
Community perspective and healthcare assessment in malaria endemic states of India: a cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: B M Shrinivasa , H C Vani , Singhal Richa , Singh Kuldeep , N Sujith Nath , Tripathi Praveen Kumar , Singh Piyush , Eapen Alex , Singh S P , Sinha D P , Malla Waseem Akram , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Yadav Chander Prakash , Singh Pallika , Aggarwal C S , P Choudhary Vinod , Sharma Rinku , Jain Tanu , Sharma Amit , Anvikar Anupkumar R , Goel Atul , Rahi Manju 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionIndia’s contribution to the malaria burden was highest in South-East Asia Region in 2021, accounting for 79% of the estimated malaria cases and 83% of malaria-related deaths. Intensified Malaria Control Programme supported by Global Funds to Fight against AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has deployed crucial interventions to reduce the overall burden of malaria in India. Evaluation of utilisation of malaria elimination interventions by the community and assessment of the healthcare system is underway in eleven high malaria endemic states in India. Health system preparedness for malaria elimination, logistics, and supply chain management of diagnostic kits and anti-malarial drugs in addition to the knowledge, attitude and practice of the healthcare workers is also being assessed.Methods and analysisThe study is being undertaken in 11 malaria endemic states with a variable annual parasite incidence of malaria. In total, 47 districts (administrative unit of malaria control operations) covering 37 976 households are to be interviewed and assessed. We present here the protocol following which the study is being undertaken at the behest and approval of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in India.Ethics and disseminationNo patients were involved in the study. Study findings will be shared with Institutional ethics board of National Institute for Malaria Research New Delhi (NIMR) in a timely, comprehensive, accurate, unbiased, unambiguous and transparent manner and to the National Vector-borne Disease (Malaria) Control Programme officers and the Community public who participated. Important findings will be communicated through community outreach meetings which are existing in the Health system. Results will be informed to study participants via local fieldwork supervised by District Malaria Officers. Also findings will be published in reputed journals based on Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) publication policy.The ICMR-NIMR ethics committee approved the study via letter No. NIMR/ECM/2023/Feb/14 dated 24 April 2023 for version 5. All standard ethical practices will be followed.
Association of adiposity, serum vitamin D, and dietary quality with cardiometabolic risk factors in children aged 6–12 years: findings from SEANUTS II Malaysia
Authors: Chan Kai Sze , Farah Nor MF , Yeo Giin Shang , Teh Kuan Chiet , Lee Shoo Thien , Makbul Ika Aida Aprilini , Jamil Nor Aini , Sharif Razinah , Wong Jyh Eiin , Khouw Ilse , Poh Bee Koon ,   on behalf of the SEANUTS II Malaysia Study Group
Published: July 2024

Increased cardiometabolic risk among children is increasingly becoming a concern, with evidence indicating that obesity, diet, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, such studies among Malaysian children are scarce. Thus, this study explores the associations between adiposity, dietary quality, and 25(OH)D, with cardiometabolic risk factors among Malaysian children aged 4–12 years. Data of 479 children (mean age: 8.2 ± 2.3 years old, 52% females) from the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS II) Malaysia, were included in this analysis. Adiposity (percentage of body fat) was assessed with bioelectrical impedance technique. Dietary quality was assessed using 24 h dietary recall and calculated as mean adequacy ratio. Vitamin D was assessed based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Measurements of cardiometabolic risk factors included waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and cardiometabolic risk cluster score (siMS) was calculated. Overall, higher adiposity was positively associated with all cardiometabolic risk factors (WC, ß = 0.907; 95% CI = 0.865, 0.948; MAP, ß = 0.225; 95% CI = 0.158, 0.292; HDL, ß = −0.011; 95% CI = −0.014, −0.009; Triglyceride, ß = 0.012; 95% CI = 0.009, 0.016; FBG, ß = 0.006; 95% CI = 0.002, 0.011) and siMS score (ß = 0.033; 95% CI = 0.029, 0.037). Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with siMS score (ß = −0.002; 95% CI = −0.004, −0.000008) and positively associated with HDL (ß = 0.002; 95% CI = 0.0001, 0.003). Our findings suggest that adiposity is a key determinant of adverse cardiometabolic risk factors in children, while serum 25(OH)D may be associated with overall cardiometabolic health. Interventions to reduce obesity are needed to mitigate the deleterious consequences of cardiometabolic dysregulation in children.
Probabilistic Approach for Detection of High-Frequency Periodic Signals Using an Event Camera
Authors: Ben-Ezra David El-Chai , Arad Ron , Padowicz Ayelet , Tugendhaft Israel 
Published: June 2024

Being inspired by the biological eye, event camera is a novel asynchronous technology that poses a paradigm shift in acquisition of visual information. This paradigm enables event cameras to capture pixel-size fast motions much more naturally compared to classical cameras. In this paper, we present a new asynchronous event-driven algorithm for detection of high-frequency pixel-size periodic signals using an event camera. Development of such new algorithms to efficiently process the asynchronous information of event cameras is essential to utilize its special properties and potential, and being a main challenge in the research community. It turns out that this algorithm, which was developed in order to satisfy the new paradigm, is related to an untreated theoretical problem in probability: Let [Formula: see text] originated from an unknown distribution. Let also [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. What can be said about the probability [Formula: see text] of having more than [Formula: see text] adjacent [Formula: see text]-s pairs that the distance between them is [Formula: see text], up to an error [Formula: see text]? This problem, which reminds the area of order statistic, shows how the new visualization paradigm is also an opportunity to develop new areas and problems in mathematics.
Hamiltonian fragmentation in dimension four with application to spectral estimators
Authors: Alizadeh Habib 
Published: June 2024

We prove a new Hamiltonian extension and consequently a fragmentation result in dimension [Formula: see text] for the symplectic manifold [Formula: see text]. Polterovich and Shelukhin have recently constructed a family of functionals on the space of time-dependent Hamiltonian functions on [Formula: see text] for rational [Formula: see text], called Lagrangian spectral estimators. Using our fragmentation result we prove that the restriction of their functionals to the subdomain [Formula: see text] is a uniformly [Formula: see text]-continuous functional where [Formula: see text]. As an application of our results, we show that the complement of a Hofer ball in the group of compactly supported Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of [Formula: see text] contains a [Formula: see text]-open subset. Finally, we show that the aforementioned group equipped with the Hofer distance admits an isometric embedding of an infinite-dimensional flat space for suitable parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Off‐Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (OCABG) Surgery Outcome: AKI Incidence, Serum Uric Acid, and Cut‐Offs of Variables
Authors: Zare-Khormizi Mohamad Reza , Pourrajab Fatemeh 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: One of the most important challenges of the medical community is to find out the success rate of coronary artery bypass surgery and control complications after surgery, including acute kidney injury (AKI). The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the predictive effect of serum uric acid (SUA) (UA) level in patients undergoing off‐pump coronary artery bypass (OCABG) surgery.Methods: The present descriptive‐analytical study included 144 patients who underwent OCABG and met the inclusion criteria. SUA and related indicators, duration of hospitalization and stay in ICU, AKI and in‐hospital mortality, and 6‐month follow‐up mortality were investigated.Results: Patients were divided into high and normal groups based on SUA levels. The prevalence of postoperative AKI was 20% and was significantly associated with the preoperative UA levels (OR: 2.04; CI: 95%; 1.03–4.20). The mortality rate of patients was between 2% and 9%, which increased to 13% in patients with high SUA (p value ~0.224). The average duration of ICU and hospitalization in patients with high UA was longer than the other group (p value ~0.06 and p value ~0.002, respectively).Conclusion: SUA levels are independently associated with a higher risk of AKI and outcome complications after off‐pump CABG, and confounding factors at specific cutoffs affect the odds ratio of UA for AKI occurrence.
PNA Nonlinearity and ENSO Transition Asymmetry Weaken PMM before La Niña Onset
Authors: Han Xiang , Lian Tao , Chen Dake , Hu Ruikun , Liu Ting , Chu Qucheng , Li Baosheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Pacific meridional mode (PMM) is one of the dominant coupled modes in the northeastern tropical Pacific (NETP), characterized by strip-like sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies spanning from Baja California to the central equatorial Pacific. While the majority of the El Niño events follow a positive PMM, only a few La Niña events are preceded by a negative PMM. Such an asymmetric activity of PMM before the onset of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was previously attributed to the inherent nonlinear response of the wind–evaporation–SST (WES) feedback to trade winds in the NETP. Through data analysis and coupled model experiments, we pointed out that PMM is in fact a highly symmetric phenomenon, and the asymmetry of PMM before the ENSO onset thus must be associated with ENSO. On the one hand, the nonlinear response of deep convection over the equator to symmetric ENSO forcing in the central equatorial Pacific permits a stronger Pacific–North America (PNA) pattern in El Niño years than in La Niña years. On the other hand, since the majority of La Niña events are preceded by a sharp decay of an El Niño, the warm equatorial SST anomalies associated with the preceding El Niño provide another source to trigger PNA before the La Niña onset. The two mechanisms modulate the trade winds and heat fluxes in NETP more heavily before the La Niña onset than the El Niño onset and equally contribute to PMM asymmetry before the ENSO onset.
Comparison of different concentrations of ropivacaine in epidural anesthesia for percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shen Fengyan , Pu Yuju , Lan Zhiming , Fu Lijun , Zhang Yan , He Shenghua , Huang Zengping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
This study investigated the optimal concentration of ropivacaine epidural anesthesia for clinical use in percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) by comparing the effects of different concentrations.

Methods
Seventy patients scheduled for their first PTED procedure were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive ropivacaine at varying concentrations (0.3% or 0.4%). Primary outcome measures included the numeric rating scale (NRS) and hip extension level (HEL). Secondary outcome measures included intraoperative fentanyl dosage and postoperative complications.

Results
One patient withdrew due to severe postoperative complications. The remaining 69 patients were allocated to the 0.3% (n = 34) and 0.4% (n = 35) groups, respectively. Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). The NRS score was significantly lower in the 0.4% group than in the 0.3% group (P < 0.01), whereas the HEL score was significantly higher (P < 0.001). The average fentanyl dose in the 0.4% group was significantly lower than that in the 0.3% group (P < 0.01). Postoperative complications occurred in five and two patients in the 0.3% and 0.4% groups, respectively.

Conclusion
Although 0.4% ropivacaine (20 mL) impacts muscle strength, it does not impede PTED surgery. Given its effective analgesic properties and few postoperative complications, 0.4% ropivacaine can be considered a preferred dose for PTED.

Trial registration
This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR2200060364; Registration Date: 29/5/2022) and on chictr.org.cn (https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=171002).
It’s about time: mitigating cancer-related cognitive impairments through findings from computational models of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task
Authors: Haywood Darren , Baughman Frank D. , Dauer Evan , Haywood Jennifer , Rossell Susan , Hart Nicolas H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Many cancer survivors experience cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), often with significant negative consequences across various life domains. Emerging evidence suggests that allowing additional time to process information before acting may be a useful strategy for those with CRCI to mitigate some of its impacts. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), a measure of general cognition, has shown that for some cancer survivors, longer task completion time facilitates similar task performance outcomes to control populations concerning perseveration errors; a key performance metric of the WCST. However, assessing if this strategy may be useful, as well as determining for whom it may be useful, with regard to strengths and weaknesses among select cognitive domains, is challenging due to factors such as the problem of task impurity. Accordingly, this study provides an initial computational and experimental assessment of whether additional time to process information before acting is a useful strategy for those with CRCI.

Methods
We simulated individual cognitive differences observed in humans by varying contributions of executive functioning components (updating, shifting, inhibition) to yield 48 distinct computational models of the WCST. Our main manipulation was then to provide these models with more or less time (at three levels of 20, 40 and 60 cycles) before models executed an action to sort a given card. We compared the number of perseveration errors on the WCST produced by the computational models. Additionally, we determined models that simulated the performance of cancer survivors on the WCST by comparing the number of perseveration errors produced by the models to human data.

Results
Additional processing time resulted in the models producing significantly fewer perseveration errors, supporting our hypothesis. In addition, 8 unique models simulated the performance of cancer survivors on the WCST. Additional time appeared to have a positive influence on performance primarily by mitigating the impacts of severe inhibition impairments. For more severe global executive function impairments, a substantial amount of additional time was required to mitigate the impacts of the impairments. For the most severe impairments, additional time was unable to adequately mitigate the impact on performance.

Conclusion
Additional processing time may be a useful strategy to rectify perseveration errors among cancer survivors with CRCI. Our findings have implications for the development of practical strategies, such as workload and deadline management in occupational settings, which may mitigate the negative effects of CRCI.