bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex Defect in Pyrite and Its Structure Model Derived from Geometric Phase Analysis
Authors: Németh Péter , Dódony István , Pósfai Mihály , Buseck Peter R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNew methods for defect analysis can lead to improved interpretation of experimental data and thus better understanding of material properties. Although transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used to study defects for many decades, interpretive ambiguities can arise for cases that seem simple or even trivial. Using geometric phase analysis (GPA), an image processing procedure, we show that an apparent simple line defect in pyrite has an entirely different character. It appears to be a b = ½[100] edge dislocation as viewed in a [001] high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image, but the measured ux and uy displacements are asymmetric, which is inconsistent with a simple line dislocation. Instead, the defect is best understood as a terminating {101} marcasite slab in pyrite. The simulated HRTEM image based on this model reproduces the defect contrast and illustrates the power of GPA analysis for (1) avoiding potential pitfalls of misinterpreting apparently simple defects in HRTEM images, (2) detecting differences in elastic properties at the atomic scale, and (3) providing data for the positions of atom columns, thereby facilitating the construction of structure models for complex defects.
Phases in the Al-Corner of the Al–Mn–Be System
Authors: Zupanič Franc , Markoli Boštjan , Naglič Iztok , Weingärtner Tobias , Meden Anton , Bončina Tonica 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis work studied the phases in the Al corner of the Al–Mn–Be phase diagram in the as-cast state and heat-treated conditions. Metallographic investigations, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used for identifying the phases. The Be contents in the identified phases were precisely determined using Auger electron spectroscopy. The results indicated that Al6Mn does not dissolve Be, whilst λ-Al4Mn dissolves up to 7 at.% Be. The average composition of the T phase, which is normally designated as Al15Mn3Be2, was 72 at.% Al, 19 at.% Mn, and 9 at.% Be. The phase with the nominal composition Be4AlMn contained more Al than Mn. The atomic ratio Al:Mn was between 1.3:1 and 2:1. The hexagonal Be-rich phase did not dissolve any Al and Mn. The icosahedral quasicrystalline (IQC) phase contained up to 45 at.% Be. The compositions of T phase, λ–Al4Mn, IQC, and Be4AlMn may vary, however, the ratio (Al + Be):Mn remained constant, and was close either to four or six indicating substitution of Al atoms with Be atoms in these phases.
Multivariate Regression using Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines
Authors: Manuel Andrade‐Garda José , Gestal‐Pose Marcos , Abel Cedrón‐Santaeufemia Francisco , Dorado‐de‐la‐Calle Julián , Paz Gómez‐Carracedo María 
Published: June 2013

The huge efforts made currently by atomic spectroscopists to resolve interferences and optimise instrumental measuring devices to increase accuracy and precision have led to a point where many of the difficulties that need to be solved nowadays cannot be described by simple classical linear regression methods and not even by other advanced linear regression methods. Typical situations where these can fail involve spectral non‐linearities.
This chapter introduces two relatively recent regression methodologies which, in contrast to classical programming, work with rules rather than with well‐defined and fixed algorithms: artificial neural networks (ANNs), a fairly established technique nowadays, and the support vector machine (SVM), which is emerging as a powerful method to perform both classification and regression tasks.
MuB is an AAA+ ATPase that forms helical filaments to control target selection for DNA transposition
Authors: Mizuno Naoko , Dramićanin Marija , Mizuuchi Michiyo , Adam Julia , Wang Yi , Han Yong-Woon , Yang Wei , Steven Alasdair C. , Mizuuchi Kiyoshi , Ramón-Maiques Santiago 
Published: June 2013

SignificanceDNA transposons move from one genomic location to another using a transposase. A regulatory protein might assist in target selection and avoiding self-destruction. MuB is the regulatory protein of Mu transposon. Here we report that MuB is an AAA+ (ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities) ATPase and forms right-handed helical filaments around DNA. The helical parameters of MuB and DNA are mismatched and their interactions are nonuniform. We propose that enhanced ATP hydrolysis by MuB, induced by contacts with the MuA-transposon-end complex, leads to DNA deformation and bending at the MuB filament end, thus creating a favored target for transposition.
Impact of Postplacement Adjustment of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters on the Risk of Bloodstream Infection and Venous Thrombus Formation
Authors: Baxi Sanjiv M. , Shuman Emily K. , Scipione Christy A. , Chen Benrong , Sharma Aditi , Rasanathan Jennifer J. K. , Chenoweth Carol E. 
Published: June 2013

Objective.Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) tip malposition is potentially associated with complications, and postplacement adjustment of PICCs is widely performed. We sought to characterize the association between central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) or venous thrombus (VT) and PICC adjustment.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Setting.University of Michigan Health System, a large referral hospital.Patients.Patients who had PICCs placed between February 2007 and August 2007.Methods.The primary outcomes were development of CLABSI within 14 days or VT within 60 days of postplacement PICC adjustment, identified by review of patient electronic medical records.Results.There were 57 CLABSIs (2.69/1,000 PICC-days) and 47 VTs (1.23/1,000 PICC-days); 609 individuals had 1, 134 had 2, and 33 had 3 or more adjustments. One adjustment was protective against CLABSI (P = .04), whereas 2 or 3 or more adjustments had no association with CLABSI (P = .58 and .47, respectively). One, 2, and 3 or more adjustments had no association with VT formation (P = .59, .85, and .78, respectively). Immunosuppression (P< .01), power-injectable PICCs (P = .05), and 3 PICC lumens compared with 1 lumen (P = .02) were associated with CLABSI. Power-injectable PICCs were also associated with increased VT formation (P = .03).Conclusions.Immunosuppression and 3 PICC lumens were associated with increased risk of CLABSI. Power-injectable PICCs were associated with increased risk of CLABSI and VT formation. Postplacement adjustment of PICCs was not associated with increased risk of CLABSI or VT. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013;34(8):785-792
Influence of State Laws Mandating Reporting of Healthcare-Associated Infections: The Case of Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Pakyz Amy L. , Edmond Michael B. 
Published: June 2013

Objective.To evaluate the impact of state laws on reporting of healthcare-associated infections on central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates.Design.Retrospective, cross-sectional study.Methods.Hospital-level administrative and Hospital Compare data were collected on University HealthSystem Consortium hospitals. An ordered probit regression model assessed the association between state legislation and CLABSI standardized infection ratio (SIR). The main independent variable was a state legislation variable concerning 3 legal requirements (data submission, reporting of data to the public, inclusion of facility identifiers in public reports) and was coded for hospitals accordingly located in a state that did not have CLABSI reporting, located in a state that had CLABSI reporting legislation and met 3 legal requirements, or located in a state that had CLABSI reporting but did not meet the 3 legal requirements. A secondary analysis ascertained whether the mean state SIR values differed among the 3 legislation groups.Results.There were 159 hospitals included; 92 were located in states that had CLABSI reporting and met 3 requirements, 33 were located in states that had reporting but did not meet the 3 requirements, and 34 were in states that had no legislation. There was no effect of state legislation group on CLABSI SIR. There were no significant differences in the mean state CLABSI SIRs among the legislation groups.Conclusions.In this sample of academic medical centers, there was no evidence of an effect of state HAI laws on CLABSI occurrence. The impact of state legislation may be lessened by other CLABSI prevention initiatives.
Local and global well-posedness for the critical Schrödinger-Debye system
Authors: Corcho Adán , Oliveira Filipe , Silva Jorge 
Published: June 2013

We establish local well-posedness results for the Initial Value Problem associated to the Schrödinger-Debye system in dimensions

N
=
2
,
3

N=2, 3

for data in

H
s

×

H

ℓ

H^s\times H^{\ell }

, with

s
s

and

ℓ
\ell

satisfying

max
{
0
,
s
−
1
}
≤
ℓ
≤
min
{
2
s
,
s
+
1
}

\max \{0, s-1\} \le \ell \le \min \{2s, s+1\}

. In particular, these include the energy space

H
1

×

L
2

H^1\times L^2

. Our results improve the previous ones obtained by B. Bidégaray, and by A. J. Corcho and F. Linares. Moreover, in the critical case (

N
=
2

N=2

) and for initial data in

H
1

×

L
2

H^1\times L^2

, we prove that solutions exist for all times, thus providing a negative answer to the open problem mentioned by G. Fibich and G. C. Papanicolau concerning the formation of singularities for these solutions.
First Report of Rust Caused by Puccinia nakanishikii on Lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus, in Florida
Authors: Ploetz R. C. , Palmateer A. J. , Lopez P. , Aime M. C. 
Published: June 2013

Lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (Poaceae), is grown widely in the tropics and subtropics as an ornamental, flavoring ingredient in Asian cooking, and for tea and fragrant oil (3). In February 2013, rust symptoms were observed on lemongrass in several gardens in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Symptoms began as small chlorotic flecks on both leaf surfaces that became crimson and enlarged to streaks ~1 cm in length. On the abaxial side of leaves, erumpent streaks ruptured to produce pustules in which urediniospores formed. Eventually, streaks coalesced to produce large patches of tan to purplish necrotic tissue that blighted most of the leaf surface and was often surrounded by chlorotic borders. These symptoms, fungal morphology, and nuclear ribosomal large subunit (28S) DNA analysis were used to identify the pathogen as Puccinia nakanishikii Dietel. Urediniospores were pyriform to globose, orange to crimson, slightly echinulate, and somewhat longer than a previous report (32.1 ± 3.4 (27 to 42) × 23.3 ± 2.4 (21 to 27) μm vs. 22 to 28 × 22 to 25 μm) (2). Uredinia contained clavate paraphyses, but teliospores were not observed. No aecial host is known for this pathogen. A 28S DNA sequence that was generated with the NL1 and LR3 primers (1,4) was deposited in GenBank under accession no. KC990123; it shared 99% identity with GenBank accession GU058002, which came from a specimen of P. nakanishikii in Hawaii. Voucher specimens of affected leaves of lemongrass have been deposited at the Arthur Herbarium, Purdue University. Although this disease has been reported in California, Hawaii, New Zealand, and Thailand, this is believed to be the first report from Florida (2). Based on rainfall and temperature conditions that are conducive to its development in South Florida, it has the potential to significantly reduce the health and production of this plant in area gardens. References: (1) C. P. Kurtzman and C. J. Robnett. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 73:331. 1998. (2) S. Nelson. Rust of Lemongrass. Univ. Hawaii PD-57, 2008. (3) USDA, ARS, GRIN Online Database. URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?12797 , accessed 25 April 2013. (4) R. Vilgalys and M. Hester. J Bacteriol. 172:4238, 1990.
Relocating to retirement living: An occupational perspective on successful transitions
Authors: Walker Emily , McNamara Beverley 
Published: June 2013

Background/aimOlder adults are increasingly relocating to alternative housing options, such as retirement villages. Relocations can be stressful and these environmental transitions can cause significant disruption to the person‐environment and occupational fit, thus influencing health, well‐being and quality of life. There is a lack of literature from an occupational therapy perspective in relation to healthy older adults seeking to relocate. This study aimed to identify issues healthy older adults face when relocating to retirement living, what strategies they used during this process, how they maintained a sense of home, and the potential for occupational therapy involvement.MethodsSixteen semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted with participants recruited from retirement living facilities across three stages of relocation; ‘Decision’, ‘Early Days’, and ‘Established’. A grounded theory approach was used to code and analyse the data.ResultsHaving control over the decisions surrounding relocation, being proactive rather than reactive and preparing sufficiently for the move all contributed to a positive post‐location adjustment. Four main themes emerged from the narratives: timing of decision making, new beginnings, continuity, and strategies for change.ConclusionsThis study contributes to literature surrounding how older adults occupy and make meaning of the spaces they call home and also enriches literature regarding environmental transitions. Relocation can be a disruptive process and occupational therapists are uniquely placed to facilitate healthy ageing throughout this transition using preventative and community‐based occupational therapy.
Bacterial social networks: structure and composition of Myxococcus xanthus outer membrane vesicle chains
Authors: Remis Jonathan P. , Wei Dongguang , Gorur Amita , Zemla Marcin , Haraga Jessica , Allen Simon , Witkowska H. Ewa , Costerton J. William , Berleman James E. , Auer Manfred 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe social soil bacterium, Myxococcus xanthus, displays a variety of complex and highly coordinated behaviours, including social motility, predatory rippling and fruiting body formation. Here we show that M. xanthus cells produce a network of outer membrane extensions in the form of outer membrane vesicle chains and membrane tubes that interconnect cells. We observed peritrichous display of vesicles and vesicle chains, and increased abundance in biofilms compared with planktonic cultures. By applying a range of imaging techniques, including three‐dimensional (3D) focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, we determined these structures to range between 30 and 60 nm in width and up to 5 μm in length. Purified vesicle chains consist of typical M. xanthus lipids, fucose, mannose, N‐acetylglucosamine and N‐acetylgalactoseamine carbohydrates and a small set of cargo protein. The protein content includes CglB and Tgl outer membrane proteins known to be transferable between cells in a contact‐dependent manner. Most significantly, the 3D organization of cells within biofilms indicates that cells are connected via an extensive network of membrane extensions that may connect cells at the level of the periplasmic space. Such a network would allow the transfer of membrane proteins and other molecules between cells, and therefore could provide a mechanism for the coordination of social activities.
Identification of an osmo‐dependent and an osmo‐independent choline transporter in Acinetobacter baylyi: implications in osmostress protection and metabolic adaptation
Authors: Sand Miriam , Stahl Julia , Waclawska Izabela , Ziegler Christine , Averhoff Beate 
Published: June 2013

SummaryMembers of the genus Acinetobacter are well known for their metabolic versatility that allows them to adapt to different ecological niches. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 can cope with high salinities by uptake and accumulation of the well‐known compatible solute glycine betaine. Here, we demonstrate that addition of choline restores growth at high salinities. We further show that choline was actively taken up by the cells and converted to glycine betaine. Uptake of choline was induced by high salinity and the presence of choline in the growth medium. At high salinities, glycine betaine was accumulated in the cells whereas in the absence of osmotic stress it was exported. Inspection of the genome sequence followed by mutant studies led to the identification of two genes encoding secondary transporters (BetT1 and BetT2) of the betaine‐choline‐carnitine transporter (BCCT) family. The BetT1 transporter lacks an extended C‐terminal domain usually found in osmoregulated choline BCCTs. BetT1 was found to facilitate osmolarity‐independent choline transport most likely by a uniport mechanism. We propose that BetT1 does not primarily function in osmoadaptation but might play a role in metabolic adaptation to choline‐rich environments.
Changes in richness and abundance of rodents and native predators in response to extreme rainfall in arid Australia
Authors: Pavey Chris R. , Nano Catherine E. M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe dramatic spatial and temporal variation in rainfall and the resource pulses which these trigger provide a challenge for predicting consumer‐primary productivity dynamics especially in arid systems. In particular, understanding is needed of the degree to which boom‐bust dynamics drive arid systems. Here, we assess the response of birds (diurnal raptors, nocturnal rodent‐specialist raptors) and rodents to a resource pulse in the western Simpson Desert across a 43‐month study period that finished in May 2011. Three rainfall pulses in rapid succession from February 2010 to March 2011 underpinned a ‘big rain’ event. Rodent populations irrupted within 6–9 months of the first of the three rainfall pulses (in February 2010). Two rodent‐specialist raptors; the letter‐winged kite, Elanus scriptus, and eastern barn owl, Tyto javanica, appeared in the area within 6–9 months of the start of the rodent irruption. By comparison with the rodents, barn owl and letter‐winged kite, diurnal raptors responded rapidly to the February 2010 rainfall event. When comparing surveys carried out the week prior to the February rainfall event with May 2010, raptor richness increased from two to six species and the index of abundance, measured as mean sightings per km, increased from 0.07 to 1.34. These findings emphasize that the 2010–2011 resource pulse was an ecologically significant event. Our results confirmed the link between big rains and rodent irruptions but they also highlighted the occurrence of finer‐scale temporal fluctuations that are less easily accounted for by rainfall patterning.
Cutaneous Crohn's disease treated with infliximab and 4 years of follow up
Authors: Yoong Corinne , Schofield Clare , Rodins Karl , Faulkner Catherine 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMetastatic Crohn's disease (MCD) is a rare, non‐contiguous cutaneous manifestation of Crohn's disease. To date, there have been only four reports in the literature of an effective treatment of this condition with infliximab and there are no long‐term follow‐up studies on adult MCD patients treated with infliximab. We present a case of MCD treated with infliximab with 4.5 years of follow up.
Evaluation of pattern ERG as a visual prognosticator in chiasmatic tumours
Authors: Goyal Jawahar L , Thangkhiew Lanalyn , Yadava Usha , Arora Ritu , Jain Parul 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundTumours compressing the optic pathway may lead to irreversible loss of vision that can be detected by pattern electroretinogram owing to its relation to ganglion cell function. This study aims to assess whether pattern electroretinogram is a useful tool to predict visual outcome following decompressive surgery for sellar and parasellar tumours.DesignProspective, non‐randomized study.ParticipantsForty eyes of 20 patients with radiologically confirmed tumours in and around the sellar region.MethodsPatients were followed for 6 weeks following surgical intervention (transphenoidal or transfrontal approach).Main Outcome MeasuresBest‐corrected visual acuity, visual fields (Humphrey 30‐2 standard automated perimetry) and pattern electroretinogram. The ratio N95/P50 (N2/P1) was calculated for each recording.ResultsThere was improvement in visual fields in 35.4% eyes with normal n2/p1 ratio (>1.1) as compared to 22.2% with abnormal ratio. Also, 9.6% eyes with normal ratio and 11.1% with an abnormal ratio deteriorated postoperatively. No association was found between pattern electroretinogram and visual fields preoperatively and postoperatively (P = 0.093).ConclusionsPattern electroretinogram may not be a useful prognostic indicator in the preoperative assessment of tumours causing chiasmal compression. An abnormal N2/P1 ratio is not necessarily associated with lesser or no clinical improvement following surgery as compared to an eye with a normal pattern electroretinogram.
Uveitis in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected persons with CD4+ T‐lymphocyte count over 200 cells/mL
Authors: Rose‐Nussbaumer Jennifer , Goldstein Debra A , Thorne Jennifer E , Arantes Tiago E , Acharya Nisha R , Shakoor Akbar , Jeng Bennie H , Yeh Steven , Rahman Hassan , Vemulakonda G Atma , Flaxel Christina J , West Sarah K , Holland Gary N , Smith Justine R 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundIntroduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has altered the course of disease for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus by elevating CD4+ T‐lymphocyte levels. Changes in the spectrum of systemic diseases encountered in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive individuals are reported in the general medical literature.DesignRetrospective case series.ParticipantsSixty‐one individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus, who presented with uveitis when the peripheral CD4+ T‐lymphocyte count was over 200 cells/μL.MethodsStandardized data collection at seven tertiary‐referral inflammatory eye disease clinics.Main Outcome MeasuresStandardization of Uveitis Nomenclature anatomic classification and descriptors, cause of uveitis, and visual acuityResultsPeripheral CD4+ T cell counts varied between 207 and 1777 (median = 421) cells/μL at the time of diagnosis of uveitis. Uveitis was classified anatomically as anterior (47.5%), intermediate (6.6%), anterior/intermediate (16.4%), posterior (14.8%) and pan (14.8%). Specific causes of uveitis included infections (34.4%), with syphilis responsible for 16.4% of all cases, and defined immunological disorders (27.0%); no cause for the inflammation was identified in 34.4% of persons. Visual acuity was better than 6/15 in 66.7% and 6/60 or worse in 11.8% of 93 eyes at presentation, and better than 6/15 in 82.4% and 6/60 or worse in 8.8% of 34 eyes at 1 year of follow‐up.ConclusionsBoth infectious and non‐infectious forms of uveitis occur in individuals who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus and have preserved or restored peripheral CD4+ T cell levels. Individuals who are human immunodeficiency virus‐positive and present with uveitis should be evaluated in the same way all patients with uveitis are assessed.