bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indomethacin Nanoparticles for Applications in Liquid Ocular Formulations / Наночастицы С Индометацином Для Применения В Жидких Лекарственных Формах Для Глаз
Authors: Andonova Velichka Y. , Georgiev George S. , Georgieva Ventsislava T. , Petrova Nadia L. , Kasarova Margarita 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Studies in recent years have consistently shown that polymeric drug nanocarriers can be used in drug release and drug delivery systems to treat eye disorders. To achieve effective control over drug delivery, it is of crucial importance what kind of polymer and which method for drug inclusion in the nanoscale carrier we choose and what conditions are needed for the performance of this process.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to produce poly(vinyl acetate) nanoparticles with indomethacin incorporated in them, assess the effect of time for dialysis of the residual monomer and initiator on the degree of incorporation of indomethacin in the nanoparticles and on the kinetics of its release, to include them in ophtalmic formulations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Poly(vinyl acetate) nanoparticles with indomethacin were obtained by emulsion radical polymerization of vinyl acetate in the presence of indomethacin (in situ inclusion) and the absence of emulsifier. To release the residual monomer and initiator (ammonium persulfate) the obtained latexes were dialysed for 6, 9, 18 and 23 hours and then the nanoparticles were freeze-dried. Structural analysis was performed by transmission electronic microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. Release of indomethacin was observed using ultraviolet spectroscopy.
RESULTS: We proved the delayed release of indomethacin from the poly(vinyl acetate) nanocarrier and the lack of chemical interaction between the polymer and indomethacin. After 9-hour dialysis the initiator and the residual vinyl acetate were removed from the nanoparticles, while the entrapped indomethacin kept therapeutic concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS: Dialysis for more than 6 and no more than 9 hours is recommended to remove the residual monomer and initiator when preparing indomethacin nanoparticles by in situ radical emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate, for inclusion in liquid ocular formulations.
Apoptosis of granulocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood in rabbits infected with haemagglutinating and non-haemagglutinating antigenic variants of the RHD (rabbit haemorrhagic disease) virus
Authors: Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. , Tokarz-Deptuła B. , Deptuła W. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This paper attempts to study the dynamics of apoptosis of granulocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood in rabbits infected with haemagglutinating (Vt97, Triptis, Hartmannsdorf) and non-haemagglutinating (Pv97, 9905 RHDVa) antigenic variants of the RHD virus. The pathogenicity of those antigenic variants was also assessed by recording the mortality of the infected animals. The animals were infected with antigenic variants and blood was sampled at hour 0,4,8,12,24,36 p.i. and the percentage of apoptotic granulocytes and lymphocytes was measured with the use of flow cytometry. The results of the study showed that apoptosis is included during RHDV infection, as the number of apoptotic granulocytes and lymphocytes increases throughout the experiment; depending on the antigenic variant, apoptosis joins in at 4-8-12 h p.i. and lasts until 24-36 h p.i. Furthermore, the mortality of rabbits infected with the examined strains of RHD virus varied from 30% to 100%. This study performed for the first time in this manner, indicates the importance of apoptosis during infection with the RHD virus.
Chicken amyloid arthropathy: serum amyloid A, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide profile in acute phase (12th hour)
Authors: Sevimli A. , Bübül T. , Bulübül A. , Yaǧcı A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Acute phase response (APR) is part of the early defense system, which is triggered by different stimuli including, infection, trauma, stres, inflammation and neoplasia. The APR complex is a reaction which induces homeostasis and recovery. In this research, serum amyloid A (SAA), interlaukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured 12 hours following injection. For this purpose, Thirty-two 5 weeks old laying chicken were allocated into four groups and intra-articular injections of Freund’s adjuvant were used to induce amylod arthropathy in Groups II, III and IV. Vitamin A in group II, and methylprednisolone in group IV were added to enhance and to reduce the severity of amyloidosis, respectively. At the end of the research, it was observed that TNF-α and NO increased significantly (P<0.05) in vitamin A and methylprednisolone groups whereas SAA decreased significantly (P<0.05) in all groups. It was also observed that IL-6 increased (P<0.05) in vitamin A group and decreased in all other gorups however, IL-1β decreased in vitamin A and methylprednisolone groups, while it was increased in the control group.
The results of this study suggest that there is a positive correlation between serum TNF-α levels in acute and chronic phase in chickens with amyloid arthropathy.
Quality of milk of cows in the first lactation vs. presence of anti-Ostertagia antibodies in their milk
Authors: Liedtke K. , Szteyn J. , Białobrzewski I. , Wiszniewska-Łaszczych A. , Bednarko-Młynarczyk E. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Invasions of gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy cows may affect animals productivity. The most frequently detected internal parasite of dairy cattle is Ostertagia ostertagi. The objective of this study was to determine O. ostertagi invasion extensiveness in selected herds of dairy cattle, with special consideration to cows being in the first lactation, and to analyze the milk yield and contents of basic constituents of milk originating from sero-positive cows. Five herds of dairy cattle (403), with different populations of cows, were selected for the study. Invasion extensiveness in particular herds was determined and ranged from 11.9% to 27.27%. Cows being in the first lactation, the udder milk of which was shown to contain anti-O. ostertagi antibodies, were producing on average 470 kg of milk annually less than cows being in the same lactation period. The analysis of results did not confirm the statistical significance of this difference, likewise it did not demonstrate any statistically significant differences in contents of fat, protein and dry matter. Despite a lack of the statistical significance a producer suffers great economic losses. The conducted study proves that the occurrence of O. ostertagi invasion in herds of dairy cattle is a global problem and that it affects cost-effectiveness of milk production.
Interleukin-1β stimulates early myogenesis of mouse C2C12 myoblasts: the impact on myogenic regulatory factors, extracellular matrix components, IGF binding proteins and protein kinases
Authors: Grabiec K. , Tokarska J. , Milewska M. , Błaszczyk M. , Gajewska M. , Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk K. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to examine the mechanisms important for early myogenesis in mouse C2C12 myogenic cells exposed to interleukin-1β. Cyclin A and cyclin B1 were increased by interleukin-1β (1 ng/ml), but the level of cyclin D1 and total DNA content was unaffected. Fusion index and the rate of protein synthesis was increased in the presence of IL-1β, but these effects were limited to 3-day-treatment. IL-1β increased the level of MyoD, myogenin and MHC on the 3rd day of differentiation, without altering the content of the active form of myostatin, as well as it augmented the level of fibronectin, integrin β1 and full length 100 kDa form of ADAM12. IL-1β caused a decrease in IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-6 levels and a marked increase in IGFBP-5. The phosphorylation of PKB and ERK1/2 and the cellular content of p38 were elevated by IL-1β. We conclude that the myogenic effect of IL-1β was limited to the onset of myoblast fusion and was associated with: i) increase in the level of myogenic transcription factors i.e. MyoD and myogenin expression, ii) modification of extracellular matrix assembly and signaling, manifested by an increase in fibronectin, integrin-β1 and ADAM12 content, iii) drop in IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-6, and an increase in IGFBP-5, that could alter the local IGF-1 bioavailability, and iv) increase in phosphorylation of PKB and ERK1/2, and the expression of p38 kinase, leading to activation of intracellular pathways essential for myogenic differentiation.
Influence of microflora composition on safety and colour parameters of “kumpia wieprzowa” during ripening
Authors: Węsierska E. , Korzekwa K. , Foks S. , Mickowska B. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study was to define the influence of microbiological activity on the safety (microflora composition, biogenic amine amount) and colour of “kumpia wieprzowa” during the 3-month ripening period. The study included the amount of aerobic bacteria, yeast, lactobacilli rods, coagulase- negative cocci, pH and colour parameters as well as the content of nitrates (V) and (III), biogenic amines and amino acids. The lactobacilli and cocci constituted the predominant microflora of the ready-to-eat product (4.9-5.2 and 5.2-5.4 log cfu/g, respectively), although further mesophilic bacteria identification revealed the presence of numerous aerobic, aerotolerant and anaerobic species, mostly gram-positive, spore- and non-spore-forming. The absence of 2-phenylethylamine and putrescine and the low level of tryptamine (2.5 mg/kg) at the beginning of the ripening as well as the increase of tyramine and spermine amounts from 11.5 and 2.7 to 21.9 and 4.0 mg/kg, respectively during the treatment, denoted the good quality of raw meat used and dynamic growth of the desired acidifying and denitrifying microorganisms. The development of the coagulase-negative cocci population corresponded with the a* and C* colour parameters and the nitrate (III) content increase, the final result of which was 26.9, 27.5 as well as 19.4 mg/kg. The content of nitrates (V) and (III) was optimal to obtain a non-cured, safe and suitably coloured, long-term ripened meat product.
The serum protein electrophoretic pattern and acute phase protein concentrations in calves with chronic respiratory diseases
Authors: Tóthová Cs. , Nagy O. , Kováč G. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum protein electrophoretic pattern and the concentrations of acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and fibrinogen) in 28 calves with clinical signs of chronic respiratory diseases and 36 healthy calves as a control group. In sick calves we found significantly higher serum concentrations of total proteins (P<0.001), lower concentrations of albumin (P<0.001) and marked shift in the concentrations of the most of protein fractions with significantly higher values of α1-, β1-, β2-, and γ-globulins (P<0.001 and P<0.01). The affected calves had significantly higher values of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and fibrinogen as well (P<0.05, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively).
Effect of age and stage of lactation on whey protein content in milk of cows of different breeds
Authors: Król J. , Brodziak A. , Litwińczuk Z. , Litwińczuk A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of age of cows, i.e. subsequent lactation and stage of lactation, on bioactive whey protein content in milk of dairy cows of six primary breeds kept in Poland. In all cases the significant correlations between lactoferrin concentration in milk and stage of lactation was stated. Its content gradually increased with the course of lactation but the changes in the content of this protein were highly dependent on breed of cows, what was indicated also by high interactions between breed and stage of lactation.
Prosthetic reconstruction of broken canine teeth in dogs with use of cast metal posts
Authors: Bladowski M. , Kotowicz-Gears A. , Choszcz D. , Pawelec M. , Wojtkiewicz J. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Prosthodontic treatment, especially restorations of fractured teeth in small animals, has been the subject of many veterinary dental analyses in relation to techniques of endodontic treatment, preparation and cementation, as well as the general principles of prosthodontic treatment. The purpose of this paper is to present a previously undescribed method of all-in-one crown and root prosthetic restoration of fractured teeth in large dogs, together with a thorough analysis of the drawbacks, which may help veterinary dentists to use an evidence-based approach when deciding on the type of treatment for their patients with tooth fractures.
Short-term whole body vibration exercise in adult healthy horses
Authors: Carstanjen B. , Balali M. , Gajewski Z. , Furmanczyk K. , Bondzio A. , Remy B. , Hartmann H. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the acute effect of whole body vibration exercise (WBVE) on clinical parameters and blood values in horses. Seven horses were exposed to a 10 min WBVE at a frequency of 15-21 Hz. Clinical parameters and venous blood samples were taken before and directly after WBVE. Acute short-term WBVE produced a decrease in serum cortisol (p=0.02) and creatine-kinase (p=0.02) values. Clinical parameters, hematology, fibrinogen, lactate, IGF-I, GGT, creatinine, myeloperoxidase activity and bone marker values were not significantly changed by WBVE. In adult sound horses WBVE was well tolerated and did not cause any sign of measured discomfort.
Modification of cardiac RYR2 gating by a peptide from the central domain of the RYR2
Authors: Faltinová Andrea , Zahradníková Alexandra 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe effect of a domain peptide DPCPVTc from the central region of the RYR2 on ryanodine receptors from rat heart has been examined in planar lipid bilayers. At a zero holding potential and at 8 mmol L−1 luminal Ca2+ concentration, DPCPVTc induced concentrationdependent activation of the ryanodine receptor that led up to 20-fold increase of PO at saturating DPCPVTc concentrations. DPCPVTc prolonged RyR2 openings and increased RyR2 opening frequency. At all peptide concentrations the channels displayed large variability in open probability, open time and frequency of openings. With increasing peptide concentration, the fraction of high open probability records increased together with their open time. The closed times of neither low- nor high-open probability records depended on peptide concentration. The concentration dependence of all gating parameters had EC50 of 20 μmol L−1 and a Hill slope of 2. Comparison of the effects of DPCPVTc with the effects of ATP and cytosolic Ca2+ suggests that activation does not involve luminal feed-through and is not caused by modulation of the cytosolic activation A-site. The data suggest that although “domain unzipping” by DPCPVTc occurs in both modes of RyR activity, it affects RyR gating only when the channel resides in the H-mode of activity.
The 'Underclass' Debate – A Discourse that Maligns People Living in Poverty
Authors: Michels Hans-Peter 
Published: August 2013

Abstract The concept of an ‘underclass’ originates in the United States and is wide-spread in political and social science discourse today. Its power is most visible in discussions about deep cuts to social safety nets. The foundation of this discourse is the assigning of negative character traits and behaviours to poor people. This promotes the claim that they have brought negative consequences upon themselves and furthers the idea that poor people are personally responsible for their poverty. Discussion about an ‘underclass’ must be understood in the larger context of a comprehensive neoliberal ideological transformation, or ‘Newspeak’. Newspeak is implicitly based on the schema of a game in which everyone has the same chances, but which inevitably results in winners and losers.
The Minimal Context for Local Boundedness in Topological Vector Spaces
Authors: Voisei M.D. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The local boundedness of classes of operators is analyzed on different subsets directly related to the Fitzpatrick function associated to an operator. Characterizations of the topological vector spaces for which that local boundedness holds is given in terms of the uniform boundedness principle. For example the local boundedness of a maximal monotone operator on the algebraic interior of its domain convex hull is a characteristic of barreled locally convex spaces.
Changes in Higher-Order Aberrations After Iris-Fixated Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Torii Hidemasa , Negishi Kazuno , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Saiki Megumi , Kato Naoko , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: August 2013

PURPOSE:
To evaluate surgically induced changes in corneal, internal, and ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) after phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation and compare them between two PIOLs with different pupillary diameters.

METHODS:
Twenty-three eyes with an Artisan PIOL (Ophtec BV, Groningen, The Netherlands) (Artisan group) and 30 eyes with an Artiflex PIOL (Ophtec BV) (Artiflex group) were retrospectively evaluated. The corneal, internal, and ocular HOAs and refractive data were recorded preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. The root mean squares (RMSs) of the total HOAs from the third- to sixth-order Zernike coefficients were calculated. The RMSs of the third- and fourth-order coefficients represented coma-like aberrations (S3) and spherical-like aberrations (S4), respectively. The main outcome measures were the differences in the parameters among the groups with different pupillary diameters.

RESULTS:

The mean postoperative spherical equivalents decreased from −11.84 ± 4.90 to −0.16 ± 0.40 diopters and −9.78 ± 3.20 to −0.09 ± 0.26 diopters in the Artisan and Artiflex groups, respectively. With the 4- and 5-mm pupillary diameters, the postoperative internal and ocular spherical aberrations (Z
4
0
) were significantly lower in the Artiflex group than in the Artisan group (4 mm,
P
= .002, .024; 5 mm,
P
= .004, .022, respectively). With the 6-mm pupillary diameter, there were no significant postoperative differences in any parameter measured between groups; both groups had positive spherical aberration values.

CONCLUSIONS:
The postoperative ocular spherical aberrations were positive after Artisan and Artiflex implantation. The postoperative ocular spherical aberration was greater in the Artisan group, possibly due to differences in the SAs of both PIOLs.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(10):693–700.]
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery Without Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices
Authors: Dick H. Burkhard , Gerste Ronald D. , Rivera Robert P. , Schultz Tim 
Published: August 2013

PURPOSE:
To describe a technique for performing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery without the use of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs).

METHODS:
After laser pretreatment, the anterior chamber is stabilized with balanced salt solution during lens and cortex aspiration. A preloaded intraocular lens is implanted under irrigation.

RESULTS:
In 23 eyes undergoing surgery without the use of OVDs, no complications were observed within a 1-month follow-up period. The time for surgery and the amount of fluid that went into the eye were similar to those of a standard procedure. There was no remarkable increase in intraocular pressure or corneal thickness. All patients achieved a significant increase in corrected distance visual acuity after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:
The significant reduction of phacoemulsification use after femtosecond laser application might render the use of OVDs obsolete in many cases.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(11):784–787.]
Iphigénie à Paris: Positioning Gluck Historically in Early Twentieth-Century France
Authors: Gibbons William 
Published: August 2013

In December 1907, Gluck's operaIphigénie en Aulidewas produced in Paris at the Opéra-Comique, the last of his major operas to be revived in France. The ensuing critical reception pitted Vincent d'Indy, who harshly criticized the production, against its director, Albert Carré; d'Indy further responded by conducting the overture toIphigénieonly a few weeks later as a musical corrective to the performance at the Opéra-Comique. This unusual event highlights the historiographie problem Gluck presented to early twentieth-century critics in France: did his music look backwards to thetragédieslyriquesof Lully and Rameau, or did it prefigure the Wagnerian music-dramas of the nineteenth century? The 1907 Opéra-Comique production ofIphigénieand its aftermath encapsulate the struggle to incorporate Gluck into newly developing and often competing narratives of music history.
Le son généreux [pour une hyper-écoute]
Authors: Laplante Chantale 
Published: August 2013

L’article que l’artiste propose au lecteur relate le processus de transformation de sa pratique artistique durant une période particulière. L’artiste nous entretient de la transformation dans sa manière de composer la musique et de travailler avec le son. Elle développe sa réflexion autour de deux notions principales : l’hyper écoute qui favorise une approche intuitive, le son devenant la source première d’information à être transmué par la sensibilité de l’artiste, et l’espace-surface issu d’un temps musical non linéaire inscrit dans la durée. Tout au long de l’article, le lecteur prendra connaissance d’un contexte de travail précis qui a favorisé l’émergence d’un questionnement sur le processus de composition musicale et la relation avec le matériau en jeu, le son.
From Point to Sphere: Spatial Organization of Sound in Contemporary Music (after 1950)
Authors: Harley Maria 
Published: August 2013

In this study of spatial organization of sound, that is of "spatialization" in music, the term "spatial" refers to the three-dimensional performance space, not to pitch. "Spatialized music," distinct both from polychoral music and from musical theatre, means music with quasi-spatial structure defined by the composer in the score or in another medium of sound coding (digital or analog recording, specific software). Spatialization includes ensemble dispersion, movement of sounds, performers and audience, juxtaposition and interaction of real and virtual sound sources – every situation in which the position of the sound sources and the acoustic quality of the performance space are given compositional significance. A classification of spatial designs in music is followed by examples illustrating three aspects of spatialization: (1) the expression or simulation of geometrical patterns in music, (2) the movement of sound, (3) the symbolic function of spatial designs and movement. Musical examples and graphs of performer placement are taken from Henry Brant's Millenium II (1954), Karlheinz Stockhausen's Gruppen für drei Orchester (1955-57), Iannis Xenakis's Terrêtektorh (1965-66) and John Tavener's Ultimos Ritos (1972).
Observations sur le développement technique et stylistique de György Ligeti au début des années 1950
Authors: Sallis Friedemann 
Published: August 2013

L’article présente certains aspects de notre thèse de doctorat intitulée « An Introduction to the Early Works of György Ligeti ». Il propose une critique de deux idées reçues et largement répandues dans la littérature sur le musique de ce compositeur : (1) en arrivant en Europe de l’Ouest en décembre 1956, Ligeti se serait départi de tout le bagage technique et stylistique qu’il avait acquis auparavant en Hongrie ; (2) avant de passer à l’Ouest, il n’aurait eu presque aucune connaissance de l’avant-garde musicale de l’Europe de l’Ouest.