bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low iodine diet in differentiated thyroid cancer: a review
Authors: Li Josephine H. , He Zhiheng H. , Bansal Vivek , Hennessey James V. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryRadioactive iodine (RAI) ablation is a beneficial, adjuvant therapy for the management of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after thyroidectomy. The goal of RAI is to destroy remnant thyroid and microscopic cancerous tissue. Radioactive iodine uptake is enhanced by elevating TSH levels and initiating a low iodine diet (LID) prior to ablation. An ideal LID should preferably not exceed 50 mcg/day of dietary iodine for 1–2 weeks, although the duration may be shortened to a week with a structured patient education programme. A pre‐ablation spot urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of <100 mcg/l and/or a urinary iodine to creatinine ratio (UICR) of <100 mcg/gCr would support an adequate LID preparation. Hyponatraemia, most likely due to iatrogenic hypothyroidism, is a potential side effect associated with LID and occurs during and a few days after the LID. Although the overall incidence of hyponatraemia is low, patients at high risk (older age, female sex, use of thiazide diuretics) may benefit from serum sodium monitoring. The existing evidence on the impact of LID on RAI ablation has been largely inconsistent due to retrospective study designs and the lack of an objective measurement of urinary iodine levels. Future large prospective randomized control trials are needed to elucidate and confirm the crucial role of LID in achieving successful RAI ablation and greater disease‐free survival in DTC.
Effectiveness of anatomic criteria for predicting parotid tumour location
Authors: Kim J.Y. , Yang H.C. , Lee S. , Kim H.C. , Shin D.J. , Cho Y.B. , Cho H.‐H. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveWe evaluated the accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), specificity and sensitivity of eight anatomic landmarks to differentiate parotid deep lobe tumours from superficial lobe tumours: the lateral margin of the retromandibular vein (RMV), a straight line from the facial nerve trunk (FN trunk) to the mandibular ramus (FN line), a straight line from the FN trunk to the RMV (tRMV), a straight line from the FN trunk to the lateral margin of the masseter (tMasseter), a straight line from the ipsilateral vertebral posterior end to the RMV (U‐line), an arc with a radius of 8.5 mm centred on the mandibular ramus (Conn's arc), a straight line from the lateral surface of the masseter muscle to the lateral margin of the RMV (rMasseter) and an angle from the FN line, tumour and the lateral margin of the masseter muscle (FTM angle).MethodsA total of 181 patients with a parotid gland tumour who underwent parotidectomy at a tertiary hospital were identified retrospectively from May 2005 to May 2013. Pre‐operative computed tomography and intraoperative findings were compared to evaluate each landmark.ResultsrMasseter (accuracy: 85.5%, PPV: 90.0%, NPV: 85.12%, specificity: 98.1%, sensitivity: 22.2%) and tMasseter (accuracy: 86.3%, PPV: 80.0%, NPV: 87.1%, specificity: 97.1%, sensitivity: 44.4%) showed superior results as diagnostic criteria.ConclusionrMasseter and tMasseter were useful as anatomic landmarks to differentiate a parotid deep lobe tumour from a superficial lobe tumour.
Spreading patterns, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma and salivary gland‐type carcinomas
Authors: Liu L.Z. , Zhang Y.M. , Chen Y. , Li L. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to analyse the different spreading patterns, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (NPAC) and salivary gland‐type carcinomas (NPCs).Design, setting and participantThe current study report on a retrospective analysis of oncologic outcome of 76 pathologically confirmed consecutive cases of nasopharyngeal adenocarcinomas (NAC), including 31 NPAC, 33 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) and 12 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC).Main outcome measureOverall survival rates (OS) and disease‐free survival rates (DFS).ResultsIn 12 patients with cranial nerve (CN) palsy, there were ACC (n = 9), NPAC (n = 2) and MEC (n = 1) (P = 0.016). CT‐/MRI‐detected CN involvements were found in 22 patients. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 25.8% of NPAC (n = 8), 12.1% of ACC (n = 4) and 8.3% of MEC (n = 1). Significant differences were observed in 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates between patients with and without CT‐/MRI‐detected CN involvement (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively), and similar results were found between patients with and without lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002 and P = 0.018, respectively). In 37 patients with early‐stage disease (stages I–II), significant differences were observed in 5‐year OS and DFS rates between the surgical and non‐surgical treated groups (P = 0.031 and P = 0.012, respectively). In 39 patients with advanced‐stage disease (stages III–IV), significant or marginally differences were observed in DFS and OS between the chemoradiotherapy and non‐chemoradiotherapy groups (P = 0.007 and P = 0.062, respectively).ConclusionsACC has a higher CN invasion than NPAC and MEC, and NPAC has the highest rate of lymphatic metastases. CT‐/MRI‐detected CN involvements and lymph node metastasis indicate a negative impact on the prognosis. The outcome of surgical patients in our series is encouraging in early‐stage NPAC and NPCs, and chemoradiotherapy may be the optimal treatment for the advanced‐stage patients.
Validation of the “Metroticket” model in a cohort of patients transplanted for hepatocellular carcinoma in southern Brazil
Authors: Machado Adriana , Kiss Guillermo , Ernani Lucas , Marroni Claudio , Zanotelli Maria Lúcia , Cantisani Guido , Cerski Carlos Thadeu , Coral Gabriela , Brandão Ajacio ,   the Liver Transplantation Group
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis retrospective study evaluated the ability of the Metroticket model to predict five‐yr post‐transplant survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based only on explant data. Five‐yr survival after transplant was estimated using the Metroticket Calculator, and observed survival was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Metroticket‐predicted survival was compared between deceased and surviving patients using the Mann–Whitney test. The accuracy of Metroticket estimates in discriminating between these two patient groups was assessed using the c‐statistic. Median patient age (n = 109) was 55.7 yr, and 72.5% of the sample were men. Metroticket‐predicted and observed post‐transplant survival at five yr was 71.1% and 58.7%, respectively. Predictions were calculated using the explant data of the 64 survivors and 45 deceased patients. Median five‐yr survival was 72.9% in the former and 69.7% in the latter. The c‐statistic of the Metroticket model for distinguishing surviving from deceased patients was 0.55. In this cohort, the Metroticket model was unable to accurately predict five‐yr post‐transplant survival based only on explant data.
Pulp canal obliteration after replantation of avulsed immature teeth: a systematic review
Authors: Abd‐Elmeguid Ashraf , ElSalhy Mohamed , Yu Donald C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundAvulsion of permanent teeth is one of the most serious dento‐alveolar traumatic injuries. Pulp canal obliteration (PCO) is one of the consequences after replantation of avulsed immature teeth. The aim of this systematic review was to determine when calcification following replantation of an avulsed immature tooth begins and to evaluate the prevalence of PCO in these cases.Materials and methodsElectronic database MEDLINE via Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of science databases were searched. Hand searching was performed through reference lists of endodontic and trauma textbooks, endodontic and trauma‐related journals, and relevant articles from electronic searching. Pooled data from the selected articles were analyzed for prevalence of healing and PCO as well as mean first evidence of PCO.ResultsPulp healing after replantation of immature teeth occurred in 32.9%, while pulpal necrosis occurred in 67.1% of teeth. PCO was the most frequent outcome of pulpal healing as it occurred in 96% of healed pulps. First evidence of obliteration was observed from 3 to 14 months with mean time of 9.5 months (95% CI = 4.5–14.5 months).ConclusionsPCO is considered the mechanism by which the pulp heals after replantation of avulsed immature permanent teeth. PCO is very fast and can be recognized radiographically during the first year from the onset of the trauma.
Delayed in vitro development of Up states but normal network plasticity in Fragile X circuits
Authors: Motanis Helen , Buonomano Dean 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA broad range of neurophysiological phenotypes have been reported since the generation of the first mouse model of Fragile X syndrome (FXS). However, it remains unclear which phenotypes are causally related to the cognitive deficits associated with FXS. Indeed, because many of these phenotypes are known to be modulated by experience, a confounding factor in the interpretation of many studies is whether some phenotypes are an indirect consequence of abnormal development and experience. To help diminish this confound we first conducted an in vitro developmental study of spontaneous neural dynamics in cortical organotypic cultures. A significant developmental increase in network activity and Up states was observed in both wild‐type and Fmr1−/y circuits, along with a specific developmental delay in the emergence of Up states in knockout circuits. To determine whether Up state regulation is generally impaired in FXS circuits, we examined Up state plasticity using chronic optogenetic stimulation. Wild‐type and Fmr1−/y stimulated circuits exhibited a significant decrease in overall spontaneous activity including Up state frequency; however, no significant effect of genotype was observed. These results demonstrate that developmental delays characteristic of FXS are recapitulated during in vitro development, and that Up state abnormalities are probably a direct consequence of the disease, and not an indirect consequence of abnormal experience. However, the fact that Fmr1−/y circuits exhibited normal homeostatic modulation of Up states suggests that these plasticity mechanisms are largely intact, and that some of the previously reported plasticity deficits could reflect abnormal experience or the engagement of compensatory mechanisms.
The bacteriology of hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review
Authors: Ring Hans Christian , Riis Mikkelsen Peter , Miller Iben Marie , Jenssen Håvard , Fuursted Kurt , Saunte Ditte Marie , Jemec Gregor B.E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disabling skin disease consisting of recurrent nodules, sinuses, fistulas and scarring involving the intertriginous regions. HS is often a therapeutic challenge and most treatments are off‐label. A better understanding of aetiology and pathogenesis of HS may facilitate the development of effective treatment. Although the clinical presentation is strongly reminiscent of bacterial infection, the role of bacteria remains controversial. Studies have isolated an array of different bacteria specimens. Consistent findings of Gram‐positive cocci and Gram‐positive rods including Staphylococus aureus, coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Corynebacterium species in deep tissue samples have been demonstrated in HS and may constitute a central target for the immune system. Efficacy of antibiotics, that is rifampicin, clindamycin or tetracycline, supports a microbial role in disease pathogenesis. However, these antibiotics also work as immunomodulators of especially T cells, and the underlying mechanisms may therefore be more complex. We performed a systematic review of previous studies investigating the bacterial flora in hidradenitis suppurativa. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Royal Danish Library and Cochrane library (search date 11 December 2014). A total of 66 papers were identified and nine papers published between 1988 and 2014 matched our inclusion criteria, yielding bacteriological data of a total of 324 patients with HS (mean age 36.8 years and female/male ratio 215/109). This overview of the bacteriology may aid researchers and physicians exploring the potential role of bacteria in HS. Furthermore, to stimulate a broader debate, we also present different viewpoints on the possible role of bacteria in HS.
Flood pulses drive the temporal dynamics of assemblages of aquatic insects (Heteroptera and Coleoptera) in a temperate floodplain
Authors: Turić Nataša , Temunović Martina , Radović Andreja , Vignjević Goran , Sudarić Bogojević Mirta , Merdić Enrih 
Published: July 2015

SummaryLowland riverine floodplains are among the most dynamic and heterogeneous of ecosystems, but many have been extensively modified. Their provision of important habitats provides a key motivation for restoring natural flow regimes (in terms of magnitude, frequency, duration, timing and rate of change of hydrological conditions). Despite general recognition that aquatic insects respond to changes in water availability, there is little agreement about the influence of flow regime components on community structure in floodplains.We analysed a 6‐year (2005 and 2007–2011) data set of aquatic insects (Heteroptera and Coleoptera) in a large Danubian floodplain characterised by pronounced hydrological variability. We hypothesised that abundance and assemblage structure would depend on flow regime components. In particular, we predicted that high‐flow events in the mainstream and concurrent high‐magnitude floods of prolonged duration would have a positive effect on diversity and abundance and that insect assemblages would differ between phases of hydrological connectivity. In addition, we assessed whether the survival of two threatened aquatic insects,Graphoderus bilineatusandBerosus geminus, depends on hydrological connectivity.Abundance and species richness of Heteroptera and Coleoptera increased during years with frequent extremely high flood pulses and prolonged flooding. Multivariate ordination showed subtle relationships between hydrological conditions, hydrological connectivity and insect assemblages with number of days in flood providing the best fit. Spring floods had a more pronounced effect on the assemblages than autumn floods. The time lag between flood occurrence and its apparent effect on aquatic insects was 17–31 days, reflecting insect life cycles.The abundance ofG. bilineatus(Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) was affected by mean water level during the month preceding sampling, whereas the abundance ofB. geminus(Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) was related to the occurrence of prolonged high‐magnitude floods.The current water regime of the Danube River favours generalist species with high dispersal capacities and broad niches and food resources. Changes in flow management practices could remove the positive influence of floods on aquatic insect communities and lead to losses of threatened species that depend on these river–floodplain habitats. Our results contribute to the understanding necessary for appropriate evaluation and prioritisation of international floodplain conservation efforts.
Influence of corn, switchgrass, and prairie cropping systems on soil microbial communities in the upper Midwest of the United States
Authors: Jesus Ederson da C. , Liang Chao , Quensen John F. , Susilawati Endang , Jackson Randall D. , Balser Teresa C. , Tiedje James M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBecause soil microbes drive many of the processes underpinning ecosystem services provided by soils, understanding how cropping systems affect soil microbial communities is important for productive and sustainable management. We characterized and compared soil microbial communities under restored prairie and three potential cellulosic biomass crops (corn, switchgrass, and mixed prairie grasses) in two spatial experimental designs – side‐by‐side plots where plant communities were in their second year since establishment (i.e., intensive sites) and regionally distributed fields where plant communities had been in place for at least 10 years (i.e., extensive sites). We assessed microbial community structure and composition using lipid analysis, pyrosequencing of rRNA genes (targeting fungi, bacteria, archaea, and lower eukaryotes), and targeted metagenomics of nifH genes. For the more recently established intensive sites, soil type was more important than plant community in determining microbial community structure, while plant community was the more important driver of soil microbial communities for the older extensive sites where microbial communities under corn were clearly differentiated from those under switchgrass and restored prairie. Bacterial and fungal biomasses, especially biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, were higher under perennial grasses and restored prairie, suggesting a more active carbon pool and greater microbial processing potential, which should be beneficial for plant acquisition and ecosystem retention of carbon, water, and nutrients.
Differential expression of immunohistochemical markers in primary lung and breast cancers enriched for triple‐negative tumours
Authors: Provenzano Elena , Byrne David J , Russell Prudence A , Wright Gavin M , Generali Daniele , Fox Stephen B 
Published: June 2015

AimsIn breast cancer patients presenting with a lung lesion, the distinction between lung and breast origin is clinically important. Lung and breast cancers are both CK7+/CK20−, so additional immunohistochemical markers are needed.Methods and resultsWe examined the expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1), gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 (GCDFP‐15), p63 and Wilms’ tumour 1 (WT1) in a series of tissue microarrays comprising 266 non‐small‐cell lung cancers and 837 primary breast cancers enriched for triple‐negative tumours (TNBC). Staining for ER, PR, TTF‐1 and GCDFP‐15 was present in 63%, 49%, 0% and 25% of breast and 6%, 9%, 59% and 1% of lung cancers, respectively. Strong staining for p63 was present in 63 (97%) lung squamous cell carcinomas and only eight (9%) TNBC. WT1 nuclear staining was rare; however, cytoplasmic staining was identified in 49 (40%) TNBC and 10 (5%) lung cancers. Cluster analysis segregated TNBC from lung cancers with TTF‐1 and/or p63 staining favouring lung origin, and GCDFP‐15 or WT1 staining favouring breast origin. Cancers negative for all four markers (17%) were 60% breast and 40% lung origin.ConclusionAn immunohistochemical panel incorporating ER, TTF‐1, GCDFP‐15, p63 and WT1 can help to distinguish lung cancer from metastatic breast cancer, including TNBC.
Crystal‐storing histiocytosis: a clinicopathological study of 13 cases
Authors: Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Xu‐Monette Zijun Y , Miranda Roberto N , Dogan Ahmet , Zou Dehui , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Weber Donna M. , O'Malley Dennis P , Jorgensen Jeffrey L , Khoury Joseph D , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos E , Orlowski Robert Z , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Young Ken H 
Published: June 2015

AimsCrystal‐storing histiocytosis (CSH) is a rare lesion composed of histiocytes with abnormal intralysosomal accumulation of immunoglobulin (Ig) as crystals, reported in patients with plasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytic neoplasms. The aims of this study were to report the clinicopathological features of 13 patients with CSH, and to describe the proteomic composition of the crystals in three cases analysed by mass spectrometry (MS).Methods and resultsThere were seven men and six women, with a median age of 60 years (range, 33–79 years). CSH was generalized in one patient (8%) and localized in 12 (92%) patients, involving various sites. CSH was associated with a low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma with plasmacytoid differentiation or a plasma cell neoplasm in all cases. In 10 (77%) cases, CSH represented >50% of the neoplastic infiltrate. According to immunohistochemical studies, histiocytes were positive for monotypic kappa in 5 (50%) cases, and for monotypic lambda in 4 (40%) cases; in 1 (10%) case, the results were equivocal. MS analysis of the histiocyte contents in all three tested cases showed a predominance of variable‐region fragments of Ig light and/or heavy chains.ConclusionsCSH is frequently associated with an underlying lymphoplasmacytic neoplasm. MS findings suggest that Ig alterations and/or possibly defects in the ability of histiocytes to process Ig play a role in pathogenesis.
In vivo topical application of acetyl aspartic acid increases fibrillin‐1 and collagen IV deposition leading to a significant improvement of skin firmness
Authors: Gillbro J. M. , Merinville E. , Cattley K. , Al‐Bader T. , Hagforsen E. , Nilsson M. , Mavon A. 
Published: July 2015

SynopsisObjectiveAcetyl aspartic acid (A‐A‐A) was discovered through gene array analysis with corresponding Cmap analysis. We found that A‐A‐A increased keratinocyte regeneration, inhibited dermal matrix metalloprotease (MMP) expression and relieved fibroblast stiffness through reduction of the fibroblast stiffness marker F‐actin. Dermal absorption studies showed successful delivery to both the epidermal and dermal regions, and in‐use trial demonstrated that 1% A‐A‐A was well tolerated. In this study, the aim was to investigate whether A‐A‐A could stimulate the synthesis of extracellular matrix supporting proteins in vivo and thereby improving the viscoelastic properties of human skin by conducting a dual histological and biophysical clinical study.MethodTwo separate double‐blind vehicle‐controlled in vivo studies were conducted using a 1% A‐A‐A containing oil‐in‐water (o/w) emulsion. In the histological study, 16 female volunteers (>55 years of age) exhibiting photodamaged skin on their forearm were included, investigating the effect of a 12‐day treatment of A‐A‐A on collagen IV (COLIV) and fibrillin‐1. In a subsequent pilot study, 0.1% retinol was used for comparison to A‐A‐A (1%). The biomechanical properties of the skin were assessed in a panel of 16 women (>45 years of age) using the standard Cutometer MPA580 after topical application of the test products for 28 days. The use of multiple suction enabled the assessment of F4, an area parameter specifically representing skin firmness.ResultsTwelve‐day topical application of 1% A‐A‐A significantly increased COLIV and fibrillin with 13% and 6%, respectively, compared to vehicle. 1% A‐A‐A and 0.1% retinol were found to significantly reduce F4 after 28 days of treatment by 15.8% and 14.7%, respectively, in the pilot Cutometer study. No significant difference was found between retinol and A‐A‐A. However, only A‐A‐A exhibited a significant effect vs. vehicle on skin firmness which indicated the incremental benefit of A‐A‐A as a skin‐firming active ingredient.ConclusionIn this study, we showed the in vivo efficacy of 1% A‐A‐A both on a protein level (fibrillin and collagen IV) and on a clinical end point, specifically skin firmness, providing proof that, acetyl aspartic acid has a strong potential as an anti‐ageing ‘cosmeceutical’ ingredient answering the needs of our key consumer base.