bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fear of food measure: A novel measure for use in exposure therapy for eating disorders
Authors: Levinson Cheri A. , Byrne Meghan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveExposure therapy for mealtime anxiety has preliminarily been effective at increasing food intake and decreasing anxiety in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). To enhance our knowledge of exposure therapy for AN researchers and clinicians need a comprehensive measure that assesses outcomes relevant to exposure therapy for AN.MethodIn the current four studies we developed Fear of Food Measure (FOFM) that assesses three cognitive and behavioral outcomes: trait anxiety about eating, food avoidance behaviors, and feared concerns related to eating.ResultsIn a community (N = 399) and undergraduate female sample (N = 203) the FOFM exhibited a good three‐factor structure and convergent and divergent validity. In a sample of women (N = 72) we showed that the anxiety about eating subscale significantly predicted in vivo food intake over and above other established predictors of eating (e.g., restraint). In a clinical sample diagnosed with an eating disorder (N = 41) we showed that anxiety about eating was associated with food intake and anxiety during an exposure meal and that all subscales of the FOFM significantly decreased over the course of a four‐session exposure intervention. Finally, we found that participants diagnosed with an eating disorder had higher levels of fear of food than did matched controls (N = 23).DiscussionThe FOFM is a psychometrically valid measure that can assess if patients are improving while undergoing exposure therapy and could be used to pinpoint problematic behaviors that can be addressed in exposure therapy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:271–283
Solar photocatalytic oxidation of NO by electronspun TiO2/ZnO composite nanofiber mat for enhancing indoor air quality
Authors: Pei Carina Chun , Leung Wallace Woon‐Fong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a demand to develop nano‐photocatalyst that has better performance than existing TiO2 nanoparticles, which are difficult to separate and reuse.RESULTSBoth TiO2 and TiO2/ZnO composite nanofibers prepared using sol–gel assisted electrospinning provided higher photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of NO than TiO2 nanoparticles of 100 nm. The nanopores formed between nano‐crystallites of nanofibers were found to increase both adsorption and activity of the photocatalyst. The TiO2/ZnO composite nanofiber photocatalyst has a lower band‐gap than TiO2 nanofibers, which favors photo‐electron generation, because introduction of ZnO causes charge imbalance and formation of unsaturated chemical bonds on the surface, increasing the catalyst surface oxygen vacancy and generation of the oxidation radicals, thereby increasing PCO. The efficiency of PCO under irradiation containing a full spectrum of wavelengths was optimized by adding 0.10 wt% of Zn to the TiO2 photocatalyst, and this optimal amount of added dopant was in accord with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. The activity of the nanofiber photocatalysts was improved by increasing the irradiation area and residence time; and optimized at a relative humidity of 50%.CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrates that enhanced PCO of NO with photocatalyst nanofiber can be optimized under solar light irradiation. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Characteristics of printing company workers newly diagnosed with occupational cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kubo Shoji , Kinoshita Masahiko , Takemura Shigekazu , Tanaka Shogo , Shinkawa Hiroji , Nishioka Takayoshi , Hamano Genya , Ito Tokuji , Abue Makoto , Aoki Masaru , Nakagawa Kei , Unno Michiaki , Hijioka Susumu , Fujiyoshi Toshihisa , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Mizuguchi Toru , Shirabe Ken , Nishie Akihiro , Oda Yoshinao , Takenaka Kenji , Kobarai Tomonari , Hisano Terumasa , Saiura Akio , Numao Hiroshi , Toda Mayura , Kuwae Yuko , Nakanuma Yasuni , Endo Ginji 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundCholangiocarcinoma has been reported in workers exposed to chlorinated organic solvents and has consequently been classified as an occupational disease (occupational cholangiocarcinoma) by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of nine workers newly diagnosed with occupational cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsThis study was a retrospective study conducted in 13 hospitals and three universities. Clinicopathological findings of nine occupational cholangiocarcinoma patients from seven printing companies in Japan were investigated and compared with 17 cholangiocarcinoma patients clustered in a single printing company in Osaka.ResultsPatient age at diagnosis was 31–57 years. Patients were exposed to 1,2‐dichloropropane and/or dichloromethane. Serum γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase activity was elevated in all patients. Regional dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts without tumor‐induced obstruction was observed in two patients. Four patients developed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and five developed hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and/or intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct was observed in four patients with available operative or autopsy specimens.ConclusionsMost of these patients with occupational cholangiocarcinoma exhibited typical findings, including high serum γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase activity, regional dilatation of the bile ducts, and precancerous lesions, similar to findings previously reported in 17 occupational cholangiocarcinoma patients in Osaka.
On the performance of microstrip antenna embedded in composite laminated substrates
Authors: Yang S. M. , Hung C.‐C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFiber‐reinforced composite structures can be tailored to desire mechanical properties and to embed microstrip antenna in aerospace applications. The electromagnetic characteristics of a microstrip antenna on isotropic and uniaxial substrates have been known, but that embedded in composite laminated substrates remain unavailable to date. This work aims at analyzing the performance of microstrip antenna embedded in composite laminated substrates by spectral domain analysis. Parameter studies are conducted to investigate the effects of the substrate's dielectric constants, the fiber directions (the orientation between the antenna and the laminate layers), and the stacking sequence on antenna's resonant frequency and radiation pattern. The antenna size when embedded in composite laminated substrates is larger than that when attached on isotropic substrates, or conversely, the resonant frequency will deviate lower if assuming the substrate as isotropic. The far‐field pattern in composite laminated substrates is more ‘directional’ than that in isotropic substrates. The antenna gain in the substrates of symmetric stacking with ±45° fiber direction is 20 dB better than that in isotropic substrates in some elevations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Design and Preparation of a Thermosensitive Poly(lysine ester‐diacetoxy tartaric acid) with Good Biocompatibility
Authors: Deng Heying , Fan Xueying , Wang Meng , Jiang Ting , Liu Hongmei , Wang Shuliang , Yin Ziming , Ma Xin , Di Yingying , Deng Kuilin 
Published: August 2014

The non‐toxicity or good biocompatibility is an inevitable requirement for thermosensitive polymers because of their extensive biomedical applications. In this investigation, a facile and instructional guidance is developed for the molecular design of the thermosensitive polymeric material. A family of thermosensitive poly(lysine ester‐diacetoxy tartaric acid)s (PLEDT) with good biocompatibility is then designed and successfully prepared on the basis of natural lysine and tartaric acid. The structure of the monomers and polymers is systematically confirmed by Fourier transfrom IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H NMR, elemental analysis, and gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements. The temperature‐dependent characteristics from UV data reveals that PLEDT shows a reversible lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of about 7–35 °C depending on the molecular weight, concentration, and the salt. Additionally, the high viability of HeLa cells by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay demonstrates no detectable cytotoxicity of PLEDT at all test concentrations up to 100 μg mL−1. In conclusion, the novel thermosensitive PLEDT with good biocompatibility can be a promising material in the biomedical field.
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Copolymerization of n‐Butyl Methacrylate and D‐Limonene
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Dubé Marc Arnold 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe bulk free radical copolymerization of n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) and D‐limonene is carried out at 80 °C using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. Low conversion experiments are conducted to estimate the copolymer reactivity ratios while full conversion runs are performed to verify the estimates and to achieve high monomer conversions. Reactivity ratios of r1 = 6.0957 and r2 = 0.0459 (1 = BMA, 2 = D‐limonene) are obtained using a nonlinear, error‐in‐variables method with the RREVM computer program. Full conversions and reasonably high molecular weights are achieved at high BMA feed concentrations. Achieving high conversion is limited by a degradative chain transfer mechanism due to the D‐limonene.
Developmental Osteology of Cross‐bred Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus L. 1758) and the Implications for Ageing Chickens from Archaeological Sites
Authors: Thomas R. , Sadler P. , Cooper J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe document the developmental osteology of a captive population of cross‐bred red junglefowl (Gallus gallus L. 1758) that were slaughtered at known ages from 6 days old until they reached maturity and explore the relationships that exist between bone size, maturity, body weight and sex. In doing so, we contribute to the body of knowledge concerning developmental osteology in domestic fowl, which has previously focussed upon ‘improved’ breeds. Comparison with archaeological material demonstrates that regression equations developed from the study population to determine age from bone length measurements are unreliable, even when samples with similar mean size for adult birds are compared. However, greater understanding of the maturity of domestic fowl more ‘primitive’ than most comparative material available for study is used to assist in the assignation of three age classes—chick, immature and adult—and thus facilitate more nuanced analyses of age‐at‐death patterns in faunal assemblages. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
STYLES OF POLICING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICAN STATES
Authors: Marenin Otwin 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThe notion that economic development in African states requires minimal levels of security has become widely accepted in the international development community. The first part of this essay explores the question of which types of security provision—professional all service policing or functionally specialized agencies—will have the greater impact on promoting and sustaining economic development. Reviewing the extant data and building on analyses by Jan van Dijk, I argue that functional policing styles and work, rather than full‐service policing work, are more important to address the major obstacle to economic development: grand corruption, organized crime, political violence, fraud and mismanagement by governments. The second part of the essay considers the experience of changing policing systems in Africa, which are composed of both functional and full‐ policing reforms. Despite sometimes substantial donor support, only South Africa and a few post‐conflict states (e.g. Sierra Leone and Liberia) have achieved some measure of success. Many of the political, social and economic contextual conditions that would support more substantive and sustainable police reforms are absent. © 2014 The Authors. Public Administration and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional adaptation of presynaptic chemokine receptors in EAE mouse central nervous system
Authors: Di Prisco Silvia , Merega Elisa , Pittaluga Anna 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn cortical synaptosomes of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice at the early stage of disease (13 days post immunization, d.p.i.), the Regulated upon Activation Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES, CCL5)‐mediated control of [3H]D‐aspartate ([3H]D‐ASP) exocytosis elicited by a mild depolarizing stimulus (12 mM KCl) shifted from inhibition to facilitation. By using selective antagonists for the chemokine receptor (CCR) 1, 3, and 5 subtypes, we found that the pharmacological profile of the receptor(s) accounting for CCL5‐mediated effect was unaltered when compared to control. Inasmuch, CCR protein expression was unaltered. This studies was not extended at 21 d.p.i. since, at this stage, CCL5 failed to affect [3H]D‐ASP exocytosis. At 13 d.p.i., the expression of CCR proteins was largely conserved when compared to control. In spinal cord synaptosomes of EAE mice at 21 d.p.i., when presynaptic defects became evident, the [3H]D‐ASP exocytosis elicited by 15 mM KCl was significantly increased when compared to control and it was significantly potentiated by 1 nM CCL5. The antagonist pharmacological profile and the western blot analysis of the CCR proteins unveiled that the receptor repertoire involved was unmodified. Differently from controls, however, the CCR1 antagonist BX513 efficiently inhibited on its own [3H]D‐ASP exocytosis suggesting that this receptor could have adopted an active conformation. Altogether, our observations favor the use of CCR antagonists to the cure of neurological symptoms in patients suffering from demyelinating syndrome. Synapse 68:529–535, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Joint optimization of spectrum sensing and accessing in multiuser multiple‐input single‐output cognitive networks
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Yuen Chau 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a joint spectrum sensing and accessing optimization framework for a multiuser cognitive network is proposed to significantly improve spectrum efficiency. For such a cognitive network, there are two important and limited resources that should be distributed in a comprehensive manner, namely feedback bits and time duration. First, regarding the feedback bits, there are two components: sensing component (used to convey various users' sensing results) and accessing component (used to feedback channel state information). A large sensing component can support more users to perform cooperative sensing, which results in high sensing precision. However, a large accessing component is preferred as well, as it has a direct impact on the performance in the multiuser cognitive network when multi‐antenna technique, such as zero‐forcing beamforming, is utilized. Second, the tradeoff of sensing and accessing duration in a transmission interval needs to be determined, so that the sum transmission rate is optimized while satisfying the interference constraint. In addition, the aforementioned two resources are interrelated and inversive under some conditions. Specifically, sensing time can be saved by utilizing more sensing feedback bits for a given performance objective. Hence, the resources should be allocation in a jointly manner. Based on the joint optimization framework and the intrinsic relationship between the two resources, we propose two joint resource allocation schemes by maximizing the average sum transmission rate in a multiuser multi‐antenna cognitive network. Simulation results show that, by adopting the joint resource allocation schemes, obvious performance gain can be obtained over the traditional fixed strategies.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic bases and clinical manifestations of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) deficiency
Authors: Desbats Maria Andrea , Lunardi Giada , Doimo Mara , Trevisson Eva , Salviati Leonardo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCoenzyme Q10is a remarkable lipid involved in many cellular processes such as energy production through the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC), beta‐oxidation of fatty acids, and pyrimidine biosynthesis, but it is also one of the main cellular antioxidants. Its biosynthesis is still incompletely characterized and requires at least 15 genes. Mutations in eight of them (PDSS1, PDSS2, COQ2, COQ4, COQ6, ADCK3, ADCK4,andCOQ9) cause primary CoQ10deficiency, a heterogeneous group of disorders with variable age of onset (from birth to the seventh decade) and associated clinical phenotypes, ranging from a fatal multisystem disease to isolated steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) or isolated central nervous system disease. The pathogenesis is complex and related to the different functions of CoQ10. It involves defective ATP production and oxidative stress, but also an impairment of pyrimidine biosynthesis and increased apoptosis. CoQ10deficiency can also be observed in patients with defects unrelated to CoQ10biosynthesis, such as RC defects, multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, and ataxia and oculomotor apraxia.Patients with both primary and secondary deficiencies benefit from high‐dose oral supplementation with CoQ10. In primary forms treatment can stop the progression of both SRNS and encephalopathy, hence the critical importance of a prompt diagnosis. Treatment may be beneficial also for secondary forms, although with less striking results.In this review we will focus on CoQ10biosynthesis in humans, on the genetic defects and the specific clinical phenotypes associated with CoQ10deficiency, and on the diagnostic strategies for these conditions.
Distinctive Lipid Composition of the Copepod Limnocalanus macrurus with a High Abundance of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Hiltunen Minna , Strandberg Ursula , Keinänen Markku , Taipale Sami , Kankaala Paula 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe studied the copepod Limnocalanus macrurus for seasonal variation in the composition of fatty acids, wax esters and sterols in large boreal lakes, where it occurs as a glacial‐relict. Vast wax ester reserves of Limnocalanus were accumulated in a period of only two months, and comprised mono‐ and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and saturated fatty alcohols. In winter, the mobilization of wax esters was selective, and the proportion of long‐chain polyunsaturated wax esters declined first. PUFA accounted for >50 % of all fatty acids throughout the year reaching up to ca. 65 % during late summer and fall. Long‐chain PUFA 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 together comprised 17–40 % of all fatty acids. The rarely reported C24 and C26 very‐long‐chain PUFA (VLC‐PUFA) comprised 6.2 ± 3.4 % of all fatty acids in August and 2.1 ± 1.7 % in September. The VLC‐PUFA are presumably synthesized by Limnocalanus from shorter chain‐length precursors because they were not found in the potential food sources. We hypothesize that these VLC‐PUFA help Limnocalanus to maximize lipid reserves when food is abundant. Sterol content of Limnocalanus, consisting ca. 90 % of cholesterol, did not show great seasonal variation. As a lipid‐rich copepod with high abundance of PUFA, Limnocalanus is excellent quality food for fish. The VLC‐PUFA were also detected in planktivorous fish, suggesting that these compounds can be used as a trophic marker indicating feeding on Limnocalanus.
Influence of silicon on the microstructures, mechanical properties and stretch-flangeability of dual phase steels
Authors: Zhou Le-yu , Zhang Dan , Liu Ya-zheng 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Uniaxial tension tests and hole-expansion tests were carried out to determine the influence of silicon on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and stretch-flangeability of conventional dual-phase steels. Compared to 0.03wt% silicon, the addition of 1.08wt% silicon induced the formation of finer ferrite grains (6.8 μm) and a higher carbon content of martensite (C
m ≈ 0.32wt%). As the silicon level increased, the initial strain-hardening rate (n value) and the uniform elongation increased, whereas the yield strength, yield ratio, and stretch-flangeability decreased. The microstructures were observed after hole-expansion tests. The results showed that low carbon content martensite (C
m ≈ 0.19wt%) can easily deform in coordination with ferrite. The relationship between the mechanical properties and stretch-flangeability indicated that the steel with large post-uniform elongation has good stretch-flangeability due to a closer plastic incompatibility of the ferrite and martensite phases, which can effectively delay the production and decohesion of microvoids.
Perinatal undernutrition increases meal size and neuronal activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract in response to feeding stimulation in adult rats
Authors: Lira Lívia A. , Almeida Larissa C.A. , da Silva Amanda A.M. , Cavalcante Taisy C.F. , de Melo Diogo D.C.B. , de Souza Julliet A. , Campina Renata C.F. , de Souza Sandra L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDuring the early periods of development, i.e., gestation and lactation, the influences of stimulus such as undernutrition can lead to several behavioural and morphofunctional damages to organs and systems in general, including pathways and structures that control energy balance and feeding behaviour. Although a large body of evidences have shown the effects of this stimulus on structures such as hypothalamus, only few studies have directed their attention to the long‐term effects of undernutrition on the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of early undernutrition on the NTS and control of food intake in adulthood. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to the diet offered to the dams during gestation and lactation: control group (C, diet containing 17% casein) or isocaloric low‐protein group (LP, diet containing 8% casein). On 35 or 180 days, we evaluated the rats' body weight, food intake, behavioural satiety sequence and c‐Fos protein expression in the NTS in response to food stimulus. Based on these assessments, it was found that perinatal undernutrition promoted an increase in food intake and the number of activated cells in rostral and, mainly, medial NTS in response to food stimulation in adulthood. These results indicated that the NTS is a structure particularly vulnerable to the influences of nutritional manipulation in the early stages of development with effects on food control in adulthood.
The thermodynamic approach to multifractal analysis
Authors: CLIMENHAGA VAUGHN 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMost results in multifractal analysis are obtained using either a thermodynamic approach based on the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states or an orbit-gluing approach based on some version of the specification property. A general framework incorporating the most important multifractal spectra was introduced by Barreira and Saussol, who used the thermodynamic approach to establish the multifractal formalism in the uniformly hyperbolic setting, unifying many existing results. We extend this framework to apply to a broad class of non-uniformly hyperbolic systems, including examples with phase transitions, and obtain new results for a number of examples that have already been studied using the orbit-gluing approach. We compare the thermodynamic and orbit-gluing approaches and give a survey of many of the multifractal results in the literature.