bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventional human ocular safety experiments for 222‐nm far‐ultraviolet‐C lamp irradiation
Authors: Sugihara Kazunobu , Kaidzu Sachiko , Sasaki Masahiro , Tanito Masaki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to directly assess the ocular safety of 222‐nm far‐ultraviolet‐C (UVC) irradiation in humans, given the limited clinical trials in this area. This wavelength offers the potential for safe and effective microbial inactivation in occupied spaces, but its safety profile for human eyes requires thorough investigation. This prospective, interventional study involved five subjects aged 29–47 years, who were exposed to 222‐nm UVC at doses of 22, 50, and 75 mJ/cm2. The subjects were monitored using custom‐made glasses with a UV‐cut filter on one eye to serve as a control. UVC irradiation was conducted using a KrCl excimer lamp, and ocular examinations were performed prior to exposure, 24 h post‐exposure, and at 1, 3, and 6 months. Parameters assessed included visual acuity, refractive error, corneal endothelial density, corneal erosion scores, and conjunctival hyperemia scores. The study found no clinically significant photokeratitis or long‐term eye damage across the five subjects, even at the highest dose of 75 mJ/cm2. Temporary ocular discomfort, including sensations of dryness and epiphora, was reported, but these symptoms subsided within hours after irradiation. The findings indicate that 222‐nm far‐UVC irradiation up to 75 mJ/cm2 does not cause “clinically significant photokeratitis” or long‐term ocular damage, though it may induce temporary discomfort. This supports the safe use of 222‐nm UVC for germicidal applications in occupied environments, providing a basis for revised safety guidelines.
Preparation for practice: What are students learning for?
Authors: Han Siew Ping , Wang Xuan , Kiruparan Purjita , Loo Yu Hao , Khoo Sebastian , Cleland Jennifer , Tan Emmanuel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundJunior doctors often feel inadequately prepared for clinical practice. Current approaches to optimising the pre‐clinical to clinical transition generally overlook intrinsic factors, yet motivation and emotional engagement are likely to be important in building clinical competence. To address this gap, we explored the attitudes of medical undergraduates and clinicians towards learning and how these attitudes seemed to affect learning motivation.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured individual or group interviews with 22 medical undergraduates and eight clinicians. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed.ResultsStudents and clinicians had differing perspectives on the content and context of learning, as well as divergent attitudes towards learning. Students focused on factual knowledge and examination performance, preferably with simple, clear‐cut answers, privileged book learning, and equated medical knowledge with clinical competence. Conversely, clinicians focused on soft skills and clinical reasoning, emphasised learning through observation and experience, assessments that acknowledged complexity and context, and saw knowledge as a foundation for practice. Further, clinicians mostly felt that the pre‐clinical curriculum over‐emphasised factual recall of knowledge that was neither useful nor relevant for clinical practice.ConclusionWe found that students tended to be extrinsically motivated by examination performance, which led to adopting surface learning approaches. This in turn led to a mismatch between the pre‐clinical emphasis on factual recall and the higher‐order skills necessary for clinical practice. We propose that a shift away from content overload and high‐stakes assessment towards patient‐centric teaching approaches may help re‐orientate students towards intrinsic motivation and more effective learning methods.
The SCOOP‐MIK2 immune pathway modulates Arabidopsis root growth and development by regulating PIN‐FORMED abundance and auxin transport
Authors: Wang Xian , Chen Meng , Li Jie , Kong Mengjuan , Tan Shutang 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYPlants synthesize hundreds of small secretory peptides, which are perceived by the receptor‐like kinase (RLK) family at the cell surface. Various signaling peptide‐RLK pairs ensure plant adaptation to distinct environmental conditions. Here, we report that SERINE RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDE (SCOOP) immune peptides modulate root growth and development by regulating PIN‐FORMED (PIN)‐regulated polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis. The SCOOP4 and SCOOP12 treatments impaired root gravitropic growth, auxin redistribution in response to gravistimulation, and PIN abundance in the PM. Furthermore, genetic and cell biological analyses revealed that these physiological and cellular effects of SCOOP4 and SCOOP12 peptides are mediated by the receptor MALE DISCOVERER1‐INTERACTING RECEPTOR LIKE KINASE2 (MIK2) and the downstream mitogen‐activated kinase MPK6. Biochemical evidence indicates that MPK6 directly phosphorylates the cytosolic loop of PIN proteins. Our work established a link between the immune signaling peptide SCOOPs and root growth pathways, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant root adaptive growth in the defense response.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Social Science Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4
Authors: Young James 
Published: August 2024

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 4Fahri ÖZSUNGUR, Adana Science and Technology University, TurkeyJibrin Ubale Yahaya, National Open University of Nigeria NOUN, NigeriaK.O. Aramide, The Polytechnic Ibadan, NigeriaLingkai Kong, Izmir University of Economics, TurkeyMartial Fanga, The University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, IranMd. Nasir Uddin, Prime Minister’s Office, BangladeshNAZIAH ABD. KADIR, Universiti Selangor, MalaysiaPeriyasami Anbarasan, Indian Institute of technology Delhi, IndiaSana Ali, Allama Iqbal Open University, Pakistan, and Birmingham City University, United Kingdom, PakistanShaoshu Li, Cornell University, USASusheelabai Srinivasa, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, United StatesYuhan WANG, Guangdong University of Technology, ChinaYusramizza Md Isa, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
Experimental Investigation of Thermo-Hydraulic Characteristics and Sustainability Measure of a Novel Multi-Fluid Heat Exchanger for Turbulent Water-Based Nanofluid Flow Through the Inserted Brazed Helix Tube
Authors: Almasri Belal , Mishra Sudhansu S. , Mohapatra Taraprasad , Bargah Vikas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A novel multi-fluid heat exchanger deployed for simultaneous heating of water and space is experimentally investigated to predict its thermo-hydraulic, exergetic, and sustainability performance for distinct Al2O3, TiO2, and CuO nanofluid (NF) flow of 50 ppm concentration of each through the inserted brazed helix tube (BHT). The input parameters such as flowrates, helix tube diameters, and nanofluid types are varied throughout the experiments to evaluate their effect on output performance parameters i.e., Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor ( f), entropy generation number (Ns), JF factor (JF), exergy efficiency (ƐE), and sustainability index (SI). The NF flowing through the BHT is the heating fluid that simultaneously heated the cold water, and cold air flowing through the outer shell and inner conduit of the BHT respectively. A distinct Nusselt number correlation for turbulent nanofluid flow inside BHT was developed, compared, and validated reasonably with the current result. For Al2O3 NF at a Reynolds number of 5698 with a 1/2-in. diameter helix tube, the best results for JF, ƐE, and SI are found to be 0.009, 0.72, and 3.53, respectively. Furthermore, for Al2O3 and TiO2 NF at a Reynolds number of 14,250 and a helix tube diameter of 3/8 in. and 1/2 in., f, and Ns are found to be 0.0047 and 0.043, respectively are minimum. It is observed that the use of Al2O3 NF, higher helix tube diameters, and lower flowrates all make the proposed heating application more sustainable.
Robust Control of Exo-Abs, a Wearable Platform for Ubiquitous Respiratory Assistance
Authors: Rezaei Parham , Lee Sang-Yoep , Cho Kyujin , Hahn Jin-Oh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Existing noninvasive breathing assist options compatible with out-of-hospital settings are limited and not appropriate to enable essential everyday activities, thereby deteriorating the quality of life. In our prior work, we developed the Exo-Abs, a novel wearable robotic platform for ubiquitous assistance of respiratory functions in patients with respiratory deficiency. This paper concerns the development of a model-based closed-loop control algorithm for the Exo-Abs to automate its breathing assistance. To facilitate model-based development of closed-loop control algorithms, we developed a control-oriented mathematical model of the Exo-Abs. Then, we developed a robust absolutely stabilizing gain-scheduled proportional-integral control algorithm for automating the breathing assistance with the Exo-Abs, by (i) solving a linear matrix inequality formulation of the Lyapunov stability condition against sector-bounded uncertainty and interindividual variability in the mechanics of the abdomen and the lungs and (ii) augmenting it with a heuristic yet effective gain scheduling algorithm. Using in silico evaluation based on realistic and plausible virtual patients, we demonstrated the efficacy and robustness of the automated breathing assistance of the Exo-Abs under a wide range of variability in spontaneous breathing and Exo-Abs efficiency: the absolutely stabilizing gain-scheduled proportional-integral control resulted in small exhalation trajectory tracking error (&lt;30 ml) with smooth actuation, which was superior to (i) its proportional-integral control counterpart in tracking efficacy and to (ii) its proportional-integral-derivative control counterpart in chattering.
Characteristics of Deterministic and Stochastic Unsteadiness of Trailing Edge Cutback Film Cooling Flows
Authors: He Xiao , Montomoli Francesco , Michelassi Vittorio , Panizza Andrea , Pulga Leonardo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Trailing edge cutback film cooling flows are ubiquitous in small and medium gas turbines, but they are difficult to predict accurately due to the inherent deterministic and stochastic unsteadiness that controls the effectiveness of the cooling system. To help develop accurate closure models for such flows, the characteristics of both types of unsteadiness and their effects on the mean flows are analyzed in this research. Zonal detached eddy simulation (ZDES) is performed on a trailing edge cutback flow model, and the numerical results are validated against the measured data. Then, by using spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) reconstruction, the original dataset is segregated into deterministic and stochastic unsteadiness. The characteristics of the stress tensor and the heat flux of each type of unsteadiness are analyzed in detail, and notable differences between the two unsteadiness are identified in terms of the stress tensor anisotropy and distribution of unsteady kinetic energy and heat flux. By propagating the unsteadiness through the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, the effect of different unsteadiness on the mean flow prediction is quantified. An accurate prediction of the total stress tensor reduces the prediction error in the velocity field by 79% and cooling effectiveness by 55%. An accurate prediction of the total heat flux vector reduces the prediction error in cooling effectiveness further by 37%. These findings provide valuable knowledge for the physical understanding, turbulence modeling, and aerothermal design of cutback trailing edge flows.
Proposal of a Nonlinear Spring Model on Piping Support Structures for an Elastoplastic Response Analysis Method
Authors: Takito Kiyotaka , Okuda Yukihiko , Nishida Akemi , Li Yinsheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In probabilistic risk assessment against earthquakes for nuclear power plants, developing a realistic response analysis method for the fragility assessment of piping systems considering input seismic motions exceeding the design assumptions is important. Piping systems typically exhibit complex three-dimensional shapes, and the arrangement and stiffness of the piping support structures significantly affect the response characteristics of the entire piping system. Therefore, developing a realistic response analysis method for piping systems, including support structures is necessary. In this study, a method is proposed for modeling the elastoplastic hysteresis characteristics of piping support structures to establish a seismic response analysis method for piping systems, including support structures. First, the authors propose an elastoplastic spring model that can express the elastoplastic hysteresis characteristics of a piping support structure. Subsequently, using this model, the authors perform a simulation analysis for the loading test of a piping support structure. The analysis and test results correlated well, confirming the effectiveness of the proposal of the model. The main contents, including the proposal of the elastoplastic spring model, the simulation analysis of the loading test, and the comparison between the analysis solutions and the test results, are reported in this paper.
Wind Speed Shear Exponent: Effects of Sea Surface Roughness in Terms of Spectral Bandwidth
Authors: Myrhaug Dag 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This note presents results on the wind speed shear exponent demonstrating the effects of the sea surface roughness in terms of the spectral bandwidth of ocean surface waves. The wind speed shear exponent is obtained by combining the logarithmic mean wind speed profile and the power law mean wind speed profile containing the sea surface roughness as a parameter, as used by Viselli et al. (2022, “LiDAR Measurements of Wind Shear Exponents and Turbulence Intensity Offshore the Northeast United States,” ASME J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng., 144(4), p. 042001). In the present article, the sea surface roughness is given in terms of the spectral bandwidth as presented by Zhao and Li (2024, “Dependence of Drag Coefficient on the Spectral Width of Ocean Waves,” J. Oceanogr., 80(2), pp. 129–143). Examples of results representing realistic wave conditions are provided. The results should be useful demonstrating how the wind speed shear exponent can be estimated using the spectral bandwidth, which is a frequently used parameter to characterize wave conditions.
Experimental Investigation of Natural Circulating Solar Energy System Including a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
Authors: Bayhan Burhan , Arslan Gökhan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The most common natural flow water heating systems are in one-ended inclined pipes today. This study aims to investigate the natural circulation solar energy system experimentally with a parabolic trough solar collector. For this purpose, a natural circulation solar energy system including a parabolic trough solar collector that follows the sun in one dimension on the N–S axis in the outdoor environment has been established. Experiments were conducted on different dates. The radiation values coming into the opening of the moving collector were calculated. With the soltrace program, it has been found that 56% of this radiation can reach the vacuum tube glass pipe in the focus of the collector. In addition, the Rayleigh number was calculated for each experiment for the section of the glass tube close to the tank inlet, and it was monitored whether there was natural circulation throughout the experiment. As a result, the average Rayleigh number in the experiments conducted on February13, March 31, April 24, May 23, June 9, and July 6 was 1.4E + 06, 7.6E + 05, 7.8E + 04, 2.2E + 04, 3.1E + 05, respectively. and calculated as 2.8E + 05. In the experiments on May 23 and April 24, when the cooling system was open, it was observed that the Rayleigh number constantly dropped below the critical value. In other experiments, the situation is the opposite, and the natural flow is continuous.
Factor Analysis-Based Selection of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Oil as a Promising Bio-Based Lubricant
Authors: Liu Jianfang , Zhang Rongrong , Peng Shuai , Liu Ting , Yang Sicheng , Yi Chenglingzi , Zhang Yaoyun , Jia Dan , Yang Qing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With increasing environmental awareness, the demand for bio-based lubricants is escalating, positioning vegetable oils as viable alternatives to traditional industrial lubricants. This study employs comprehensive factor scores to assess and rank the antiwear property and oxidation stability of 53 vegetable oils with diverse fatty acid compositions. Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge oil (XSBO), derived from woody oil plants renowned for their economic and environmental benefits, emerges as a standout candidate following the exclusion of previously reported lubricant types. Comparative evaluations via four-ball friction tests and pressurized differential scanning calorimeter (PDSC) analyses reveal that XSBO’s antioxidant property is slightly inferior to the mineral oil, poly-alpha-olefin, and synthetic ester. However, XSBO exhibits superior tribological property and viscosity characteristics. Supported by computational modeling and laboratory validation, XSBO demonstrates significant promise as a bio-based lubricant, advocating its potential as an ideal replacement for conventional base oils.
Mechanical Behavior Analysis of a Functionally Graded Porous Dental Implant
Authors: Dabaja Rana , Sayeed Khan Abdul , Banu Mihaela 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Medically compromised patients causing severe amounts of bone loss in the maxillary/mandibula experience low success rates with dental implants. The bone loss is caused by a weak interfacial connection between the implant and the maxillary/mandibula and because of a stiffness mismatch between bone and titanium. To address this challenge, functionally graded porous dental implants are proposed as a promising solution to mimic the natural tooth by matching the stiffness of the titanium support with the maxillary/mandibula. In this paper, we employed functionally graded materials to design a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) gyroid-graded porous structure with five distinct connected porosities leading to a solid core. The study aimed to develop a structure with mechanical properties similar to bone while maintaining mechanical strength to withstand physiological loading. An analytical model for a functionally graded porous structure was utilized to calculate a theoretical elastic modulus in relation to five different porosities along the gradient. The target porosities were determined as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, with corresponding elastic modulus ranging from 103.94 GPa to 35.25 GPa. Five TPMS solid gyroid samples made of Ti-6Al-4V were designed for a specific stiffness corresponding to the bone, using an analytical model considering an exponential relationship between stiffness and porosity. These structures were then manufactured through selective laser melting, resulting in final porosities of 6.64%, 11.56%, 18.40%, 28.74%, and 36.23%, with corresponding pore sizes of 130 μm, 185 μm, 280 μm, 360 μm, and 420 μm. The stiffness of the designed and manufactured porous structures was validated through uniaxial compressive experiments. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) accurately recorded displacements to calculate strain during compression experiments up to failure. Microscopic analysis of the compression samples’ failure provided insights into the role of pores in sample damage. Results confirmed that the elastic modulus of the porous structures was reduced to the designed values between 21.7–65.3 GPa, compatible with bone. This represents a significant drop in stiffness compared to solid Ti-6Al-4V, for which stiffness is 114 GPa. Through this matching of stiffness between bone and the implant, the so-called stress shielding effect caused by a weak interfacial connection can be reduced, decreasing the risk of implant failure.
Investigation of Distributed Additive Manufacturing for 3D Printed Headband Component During Global Supply Chain Disruptions
Authors: Mamros Elizabeth M. , Kantipudi Saketh , Eaton Matthew C. , Ha Jinjin , Kinsey Brad L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
During the COVID-19 global pandemic, a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) occurred. Manufacturers of these critical products were unable to keep up with the growing demands as the situation evolved. Most face shields, a common type of PPE, include a headband component to provide the appropriate fit for the user and curvature for the clear face shield attachment. To mitigate this shortage in the local region, the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNSY) generated a computer-aided design (CAD) file for the headband component and asked the University of New Hampshire (UNH) to manufacture it with all available 3D printers, including printers housed off-campus. Despite using the same part file, the headbands exhibited inconsistencies, particularly in part quality and performance. These variations in manufactured products can be attributed to the different machines, locations, materials, printing parameters, and personnel utilized in their production. This disparity in part quality resulted in the scrapping of approximately 5% of the 2000+ headbands printed at UNH, an unacceptable manufacturing metric. To address quality concerns, the 3D printer operators manually altered the original part file’s cross-sectional area in CAD software through a trial-and-error approach until the printed parts from each printer met the quality specification. This process of manual adjustment hindered the fast setup times and low costs attributed to distributed manufacturing resulted in essential PPE being scrapped.
Ideally, using smart manufacturing, the part file geometry could be updated automatically, without further user inputs, based on the material properties used in the 3D printing. This could be accomplished by the implementation of an analytical model into a script for the CAD software that would calculate and update the part dimensions.
In this paper, a case study to support distributed additive manufacturing for a simplified PPE headband during a global supply chain crisis, e.g., pandemic, is presented. Headbands were printed using four different material filaments and the original part file from PNSY to collect preliminary data. A finite element model was created to predict the force-displacement curves exhibited by headband parts produced using the different materials. An analytical model was derived to determine the geometry modifications required to achieve the desired part quality, i.e., force-displacement curve. Experimental validation was conducted and revealed good agreement with the analytical model predictions. In future work, these updates to the part geometry will be completed autonomously, using cyber manufacturing, by implementing the analytical model into CAD software via a script. This analytical model allows for distributed manufacturing to get past the hindrances of 3D printing manufacturing variances, advancing towards Industry 4.0.