bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventral Striatum, but Not Cortical Volume Loss, Is Related to Cognitive Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetic Patients With and Without Microangiopathy
Authors: van Duinkerken Eelco , Schoonheim Menno M. , Steenwijk Martijn D. , Klein Martin , IJzerman Richard G. , Moll Annette C. , Heymans Martijn W. , Snoek Frank J. , Barkhof Frederik , Diamant Michaela 
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE
Patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes may develop microangiopathy due to high cumulative glucose exposure. Also, chronic hyperglycemia is related to cerebral alterations and cognitive dysfunction. Whether the presence of microangiopathy is conditional to the development of hyperglycemia-related cerebral compromise is unclear. Since subcortical, rather than cortical, volume loss was previously related to cognitive dysfunction in other populations, we measured these brain correlates and cognitive functions in patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes with and without microangiopathy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We evaluated differences in subcortical volume and cortical thickness and volume in type 1 diabetic patients with (n = 51) and without (n = 53) proliferative retinopathy and 49 control subjects and related volume differences to cognitive dysfunction. Analyses were corrected for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, and A1C.

RESULTS
Putamen and right thalamic volume loss was noted in both patients with and without proliferative retinopathy compared with control subjects (all P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, in patients with proliferative retinopathy relative to control subjects, volume loss of the bilateral nucleus accumbens was found (all P &lt; 0.05). No differences were observed between the two patient groups. Cortical thickness and volume were not different between groups. In pooled analyses, lower left nucleus accumbens volume was associated with cognitive dysfunction (P &lt; 0.035).

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows subcortical, but not cortical, volume loss in relation to cognitive dysfunction in patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes, irrespective of microangiopathy. The time course, pathophysiology, and clinical relevance of these findings need to be established in longitudinal and mechanistic studies.
Association Between Impaired Cardiovascular Autonomic Function and Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jaiswal Mamta , McKeon Katherine , Comment Nicholas , Henderson James , Swanson Scott , Plunkett Cynthia , Nelson Patrick , Pop-Busui Rodica 
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE
We studied the association between glycemic variability (GV) reflecting hypoglycemic stress and cardiovascular autonomic function in subjects with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Forty-four type 1 diabetic patients (mean age 34 ± 13 years, 40% male, 86% Caucasian, mean diabetes duration 13 ± 6 years, mean hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 8.0 ± 1.2% [64 ± 5 mmol/mol]) without cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, or hypertension participated in this pilot study. Indices of GV reflective of hypoglycemic stress (low blood glucose index [LBGI] and area under the curve [AUC] for hypoglycemia) were computed using data obtained during 5-day continuous glucose monitoring. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) was assessed using standardized cardiovascular reflex testing and measures of heart rate variability (HRV), which were analyzed as time and frequency domain measures.

RESULTS
Both LBGI and AUC hypoglycemia had a significant negative association with the low-frequency power of HRV (r = −0.47, P = 0.002; r = −0.43, P = 0.005, respectively) and with the high-frequency power of HRV (r = −0.37, P = 0.018; r = −0.38, P = 0.015, respectively). These inverse associations persisted after adjusting for HbA1c, although they were attenuated in multivariable analysis after adjustment for age, diabetes duration, and several other covariates.

CONCLUSIONS
Increased GV promoting hypoglycemic stress was associated with reduced HRV independent of glycemic control as assessed by HbA1c. These pilot data suggest that glucose variability may contribute to cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction among adults with type 1 diabetes.
Priority right of Land Users to Conclude a New Land Rental Contract
Authors: Lazíková Jarmila 
Published: July 2014

Abstract (EN)
The paper deals with the problem of priority right of land users to conclude a new land rental contract from two points of view. The first one is what kind of legal protection can be used by land user if the land owner (landlord) violates his priority right guaranteed by the law. The second point of view is oriented to the ownership right of landlord as one of the human rights and its limitation in favour the land users.
Implementation of EU Merger Directive into the Slovak Legislation and Certain Selected Types of Restructuring of Business in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Krajčírová Renáta , Vañ’ová Alexandra Ferenczi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract (EN)
The article presents and explains transactions of restructuring of businesses in respect of taking over transactions from the Slovak and European tax point of view. The merger transactions from the tax perspective are regulated by The Council Directive 2009/133/EC of 19 October 2009 on the common system of taxation applicable to mergers, divisions, partial divisions, transfers of assets and exchanges of shares concerning companies of different Member States and to the transfer of the registered office of an SE or SCE between Member States. In this respect, the article analyzes certain selected types of restructuring of businesses, such as (i) sale of business or the part of business, (ii) contribution in kind of business or the part of business, (iii) merger transaction from the selected Slovak legal implications that can be used in the agribusiness sector.
Secure sets and their expansion in cubic graphs
Authors: Jesse-Józefczyk Katarzyna , Sidorowicz Elżbieta 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Consider a graph whose vertices play the role of members of the opposing groups. The edge between two vertices means that these vertices may defend or attack each other. At one time, any attacker may attack only one vertex. Similarly, any defender fights for itself or helps exactly one of its neighbours. If we have a set of defenders that can repel any attack, then we say that the set is secure. Moreover, it is strong if it is also prepared for a raid of one additional foe who can strike anywhere. We show that almost any cubic graph of order n has a minimum strong secure set of cardinality less or equal to n/2 + 1. Moreover, we examine the possibility of an expansion of secure sets and strong secure sets.
Another approach to characterizations of generalized triangle inequalities in normed spaces
Authors: Izumida Tamotsu , Mitani Ken-Ichi , Saito Kichi-Suke 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a generalized triangle inequality of the following type: $$\left\| {x_1 + \cdots + x_n } \right\|^p \leqslant \frac{{\left\| {x_1 } \right\|^p }}
{{\mu _1 }} + \cdots + \frac{{\left\| {x_2 } \right\|^p }}
{{\mu _n }}\left( {for all x_1 , \ldots ,x_n \in X} \right),$$ where (X, ‖·‖) is a normed space, (µ1, ..., µn) ∈ ℝn and p > 0. By using ψ-direct sums of Banach spaces, we present another approach to characterizations of the above inequality which is given by [Dadipour F., Moslehian M.S., Rassias J.M., Takahasi S.-E., Nonlinear Anal., 2012, 75(2), 735–741].
Fractional BVPs with strong time singularities and the limit properties of their solutions
Authors: Staněk Svatoslav 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In the first part, we investigate the singular BVP $$\tfrac{d}
{{dt}}^c D^\alpha u + (a/t)^c D^\alpha u = \mathcal{H}u$$, u(0) = A, u(1) = B, c
D
α
u(t)|t=0 = 0, where $$\mathcal{H}$$ is a continuous operator, α ∈ (0, 1) and a < 0. Here, c
D denotes the Caputo fractional derivative. The existence result is proved by the Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative. The second part establishes the relations between solutions of the sequence of problems $$\tfrac{d}
{{dt}}^c D^{\alpha _n } u + (a/t)^c D^{\alpha _n } u = f(t,u,^c D^{\beta _n } u)$$, u(0) = A, u(1) = B, $$\left. {^c D^{\alpha _n } u(t)} \right|_{t = 0} = 0$$ where a < 0, 0 < β
n ≤ α
n < 1, limn→∞
β
n = 1, and solutions of u″+(a/t)u′ = f(t, u, u′) satisfying the boundary conditions u(0) = A, u(1) = B, u′(0) = 0.
On the frame of the unit ball of Banach spaces
Authors: Tanaka Ryotaro 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The notion of the frame of the unit ball of Banach spaces was introduced to construct a new calculation method for the Dunkl-Williams constant. In this paper, we characterize the frame of the unit ball by using k-extreme points and extreme points of the unit ball of two-dimensional subspaces. Furthermore, we show that the frame of the unit ball is always closed, and is connected if the dimension of the space is not less than three. As infinite dimensional examples, the frame of the unit balls of c
0 and ℓ
p are determined.
Commutator algebras arising from splicing operations
Authors: Sverchkov Sergei 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We prove that the variety of Lie algebras arising from splicing operation coincides with the variety CM of centreby-metabelian Lie algebras. Using these Lie algebras we find the minimal dimension algebras generated the variety CM and the variety of its associative envelope algebras. We study the splicing n-ary operation. We show that all n-ary (n > 2) commutator algebras arising from this operation are nilpotent of index 3. We investigate the generalization of the splicing n-ary operation, and we formulate a series of open problems.
Functions on adjacent vertex degrees of trees with given degree sequence
Authors: Wang Hua 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this note we consider a discrete symmetric function f(x, y) where $$f(x,a) + f(y,b) \geqslant f(y,a) + f(x,b) for any x \geqslant y and a \geqslant b,$$ associated with the degrees of adjacent vertices in a tree. The extremal trees with respect to the corresponding graph invariant, defined as $$\sum\limits_{uv \in E(T)} {f(deg(u),deg(v))} ,$$ are characterized by the “greedy tree” and “alternating greedy tree”. This is achieved through simple generalizations of previously used ideas on similar questions. As special cases, the already known extremal structures of the Randic index follow as corollaries. The extremal structures for the relatively new sum-connectivity index and harmonic index also follow immediately, some of these extremal structures have not been identified in previous studies.
Some superconvergence results of high-degree finite element method for a second order elliptic equation with variable coefficients
Authors: Guan Xiaofei , Li Mingxia , He Wenming , Jiang Zhengwu 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper, some superconvergence results of high-degree finite element method are obtained for solving a second order elliptic equation with variable coefficients on the inner locally symmetric mesh with respect to a point x
0 for triangular meshes. By using of the weak estimates and local symmetric technique, we obtain improved discretization errors of O(h
p+1 |ln h|2) and O(h
p+2 |ln h|2) when p (≥ 3) is odd and p (≥ 4) is even, respectively. Meanwhile, the results show that the combination of the weak estimates and local symmetric technique is also effective for superconvergence analysis of the second order elliptic equation with variable coefficients.
Isomorphic Schauder decompositions in certain Banach spaces
Authors: Marchenko Vitalii 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We extend a theorem of Kato on similarity for sequences of projections in Hilbert spaces to the case of isomorphic Schauder decompositions in certain Banach spaces. To this end we use ℓψ-Hilbertian and ∞-Hilbertian Schauder decompositions instead of orthogonal Schauder decompositions, generalize the concept of an orthogonal Schauder decomposition to the case of Banach spaces and introduce the class of Banach spaces with Schauder-Orlicz decompositions. Furthermore, we generalize the notions of type, cotype, infratype and M-cotype of a Banach space and study the properties of unconditional Schauder decompositions in Banach spaces possessing certain geometric structure.
Identification of hyperacute ischemic stroke with a more homogenous nature
Authors: Yi Kyung , Lee Hong , Lee Sang-Rae , Lee Youngjeon , Lee Seung , Lee Chulhyun , Cha Sang-Hoon 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPrevious reports revealed that middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models in rats were very diverse in nature, and experimental stroke of a more homogenous nature had not been previously documented. This paper aims to present our novel observations of experimental stroke in rats with similar MRI characteristics after MCAO. Immediately after MCAO, 19 rats were placed into a 4.7 T MRI scanner, and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) of axial and coronal planes was repeated every 10 minutes up to post-occlusion 115 minutes. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the ischemic lesions were calculated and compared to those of the unaffected contra-lateral hemispheres. Successful MCAO was defined when the whole left MCA territory showed ADC abnormality on DWI. Percentage of hemispheric lesion volume (% HLV), relative ADC value (rADC), and relative DWI signal intensity (rDWI) were serially evaluated for quantitative analysis of ADC-derived lesion characteristics. Successful MCA territorial infarction was induced in nine rats (9/19, 47.4%). In quantitative analysis of ADC-derived lesion characteristics, lesion volumes of seven rats (group 1) were very similar, but larger than those of the other two rats (group 2): % HLV of initial MRI = 45.4 ± 2.5 / 19.1 ± 6.6. rADCs and rDWIs of group 1 showed similar patterns of temporal change, which was different from those of group 2. Using prospective diffusion MRI after MCAO in rats, we identified territorial hyperacute ischemic lesions with similar MRI characteristics. This observation would contribute to the establishment of more homogenous rodent models for ischemic stroke translational research.
Cerebral microbleeds: Spatial distribution implications
Authors: Loehrer Elizabeth , Vernooij Meike , Ikram M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCerebral microbleeds are considered an imaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease. The location of microbleeds is thought to reflect the underlying pathology. Microbleeds in the deep and infratentorial region are thought to reflect hypertensive arteriopathy whereas lobar microbleeds are associated clinically with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Aside from patient populations, microbleeds are frequently observed in seemingly asymptomatic populations. Moreover, many elderly, both in clinical and preclinical populations, have multiple coexisting pathologies in their brains, which complicates the interpretation of cerebral microbleeds, especially early in the clinical course. In this commentary, we discuss the influence of the strongest genetic risk factor for CAA, Apolipoprotein E (APOE), in the spatial distribution of microbleeds, and we additionally address issues in interpretation and implication of the location of microbleeds in clinical and asymptomatic populations.
Development of a theoretically-derived human anxiety syndrome biomarker
Authors: McNaughton Neil 
Published: June 2014

Abstract“Anxiety disorders” are extremely common; and are a major source of health costs and lost work days. Their diagnosis is currently based on clinical symptom check lists and there are no biological markers to diagnose specific syndromal causes. This paper describes: 1) a detailed theory of the brain systems controlling anxiolytic-insensitive threat-avoidance and anxiolytic-sensitive threat-approach — where, in specific brain structures, activity generates specific normal behaviours, hyperactivity generates abnormal behaviours, and hyper-reactivity (hypersensitivity to input) generates specific clinical syndromes; 2) a rodent model of systemic anxiolytic action (rhythmical slow activity), linked to the theory, that over a period of 40 years has shown predictive validity with no false positives or false negatives — and which is likely to assay the sensitivity of endogenous systems that control anxiety; and, 3) derivation from this rodent-based theory of a specific non-invasive biomarker (goal-conflict-specific rhythmicity) for the threat-approach system in humans. This new biomarker should allow division of untreated “anxiety” patients, with superficially similar clusters of symptoms, into distinct high scoring (syndromal) and low scoring groups with different treatment-responses. This would be the first theoretically-derived biomarker for any mental disorder and should: 1) predict treatment efficacy better than current symptom-based diagnoses; 2) provide a human single dose test of novel anxiolytics; 3) provide a starting point for developing biomarkers for other “anxiety” syndromes; and so, 4) greatly improve treatment outcomes and cost-effectiveness.
Entre o exótico e o político : caraterísticas da recepção e tradução de Jorge Amado na Alemanha
Authors: Vejmelka Marcel 
Published: June 2014

Até a década de 1990, Jorge Amado era o escritor brasileiro mais conhecido e influente na Alemanha. Hoje, a sua posição mudou consideravelmente. Tendo em vista o destaque do Brasil na Feira do Livro de Frankfurt em 2013, é um momento adequado para uma revisão crítica das caraterísticas centrais da recepção alemã do escritor baiano, do seu início nos anos 50 até o presente. Algumas das perguntas fundamentais são : como funcionou a síntese entre o escritor político da juventude e o « contador de histórias » da obra tardia ? Ou havia, ao contrário, dois « Jorge Amados » na percepção alemã ? Como se relacionam, na perspectiva alemã, o exotismo e a escrita engajada, o regional e o universal – dimensões nem sempre claramente delimitadas na obra amadiana ?
Poética e mística da subversão em Jorge Amado : caracteres para uma sabedoria brasileira
Authors: de Castro Gustavo , Rodrigues Luciana 
Published: June 2014

As condições de possibilidade para uma estética brasileira passam necessariamente pelo entendimento da baianidade : os tipos, as trocas, as crenças e a visão de brasileiro a partir dos personagens literários de Jorge Amado são aqui relacionados : a dimensão poética – a partir do humor e do riso – e a dimensão mística (capacidade de imersão sensível no real) do autor baiano constituem-se na busca do complexo jogo de faces daquilo que chamamos brasileiro, re-elaborando, mesmo que intuitivamente, um modelo tupiniquim de sabedoria.
Hora da Guerra : Jorge Amado e a França na Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Veiga Benedito 
Published: June 2014

Jorge Amado, na Hora da Guerra, –crônicas publicadas em O Imparcial, de Salvador-Bahia, entre dezembro de 1942 e outubro de 1944–, mostra uma visão político-partidária da Segunda Grande Guerra, preocupando-se em refletir sobre os efeitos do Acordo de Munique, de 1938, quando a França esteve presente, com a exclusão da União Soviética das consultas e o apoio às pretensões hitleristas de expansão ; várias personalidades e acontecimentos franceses são mostrados, com citações que ultrapassam duas centenas ; nomes como Philippe Pétain, Pierre Laval, Charles de Gaulle, Henri Giraud, Edouard Daladier, François Darlan e outros ajudam a surgir um perfil da época e do governo de Vichy ; em contraponto, aparecem vultos históricos tradicionais, próximos da Revolução Francesa, como Napoleão Bonaparte, Jean-Paul Marat, Maria Antonieta, Charlotte Corday, Marquês de La Fayette, Robespierre, etc. que ajudam a marcar as diversidades do momento vivido ; na literatura, entre muitos, são citados André Gide, André Maurois, Georges Bernanos, Romain Rolland, para clarificar o quanto o nazifascismo deteriorava as relações da arte e da cultura com o poder ; Amado não esquece, apesar do momento belicoso e das definições imprecisas e delicadas, da influência da nação gaulesa na jovem pátria brasileira e de sua admiração pelos intelectuais.
Os « capitães da areia » de Jorge Amado : histórias de vida na cidade da Bahia
Authors: Pacheco de Andrade Celeste Maria 
Published: June 2014

Jorge Amado, ao longo de sua obra literária deu voz a muitos sujeitos considerados marginalizados. Em Capitães da Areia, (1937), crianças e adolescentes, conhecidos na Cidade da Bahia – Salvador – como « capitães da areia », são, ao mesmo tempo, os personagens que dão título à narrativa e atores sociais, cujas histórias expõem uma problemática social, a infância abandonada e delinquente na capital baiana. Estruturado em três partes, o romance transita entre o realismo da crítica social e os elementos romanescos e melodramáticos. A primeira « Sob a lua, num velho trapiche abandonado » apresenta o perfil de alguns dos capitães através de histórias quase independentes, mas entrecruzadas. A « Noite da grande paz dos teus olhos », narra o amor de Pedro Bala, um dos líderes, por Dora, única "capitã da areia". Finalmente, em « Canção da Bahia, canção da liberdade » é definido o destino dos personagens. Analisamos a narrativa na perspectiva da História Social, tendo histórias de vida como importante fonte documental. O significado de Capitães da Areia para a trajetória de militante do escritor reside em evidenciar conflitos entre ricos e pobres e entre fracos e fortes, emergindo daí, uma narrativa que denuncia uma sociedade opressora da Bahia da primeira metade do século passado.
A dimensão da ética intercultural na obra de Jorge Amado
Authors: Olivieri-Godet Rita 
Published: June 2014

Este ensaio propõe uma leitura da obra de Jorge Amado que se contrapõe à visão polarizada característica de determinados enfoques críticos. Para fazê-lo, fundamenta-se na dimensão da « ética intercultural » como elemento norteador do percurso do autor, responsável pela impressão de diretrizes que evoluem no sentido da ampliação da perspectiva dialógica, compondo uma obra cada vez mais aberta a uma lógica plural, à representação da heterogeneidade e do cruzamento de culturas.
O Brasil africano de Jorge Amado : territórios, cartografias & fotografias
Authors: Sanzio Araújo dos Anjos Rafael 
Published: June 2014

Uma das questões estruturais relacionada à cultura africana no Brasil que continua merecendo investigação e conhecimento, está relacionada aos aspectos historiográficos e geográficos da formação e distribuição da população de ancestralidade na África do território brasileiro. O paper resgata as principais referências geográficas e cartografias presentes nas obras do escritor Jorge Amado e utilizamos como espaços de investigação, nesta oportunidade, as representações espaciais do Estado da Bahia, particularmente as da cidade de São Salvador de Bahia ou Cidade da Bahia, com os seus espaços marcantes nas suas obras como : o Pelourinho, o morro do Capa-Negro, o Cais de Salvador, Itapuã, Amaralina, Pituba, Farol da Barra, o morro da Igreja do Bonfim, Peripiri, dentre outras partes deste conjunto urbano, marcado pelas referências africanas. Usamos como ferramenta básica de trabalho, os recursos das imagens cartográficas e fotográficas, pelas suas possibilidades de ser eficiente no conhecimento e na apreensão de conteúdos historiográficos e contemporâneos. O estudo identificou que sem a « Geografia da Cidade da Bahia » a literatura de Jorge Amado jamais seria a mesma, ou seja, o território da cidade de Salvador, marcado fortemente, na primeira metade do século XX, por uma identidade africana bem definida no cotidiano urbano, mesmo no contexto de exclusão sócio espacial e do preconceito secular do sistema escravocrata.
Parcours amadiens en Belgique francophone
Authors: Lourenço de Abreu Leonor 
Published: June 2014

Cette étude analyse d’une part la réception critique de l’œuvre de Jorge Amado en Belgique francophone dans la presse de gauche (Drapeau rouge et Les Aubes) ainsi que dans les journaux « grand public » (Le Soir et La Libre Belgique). D’autre part, elle pose la question de la réception créatrice dans l’œuvre de certains écrivains proches de la mouvance communiste (David Scheinert ou Charles Paron), comme d’écrivains contemporains (Malika Madi ou Jean-Louis Lippert).