bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GLOBAL STABILITY FOR THERMAL CONVECTION IN A COUPLE-STRESS FLUID WITH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE DEPENDENT VISCOSITY
Authors:   Sunil, Choudhary Shalu , Bharti P. K. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We show that the global nonlinear stability threshold for convection in a couple-stress fluid with temperature and pressure dependent viscosity is exactly the same as the linear instability boundary. This optimal result is important because it shows that linearized instability theory has captured completely the physics of the onset of convection. It has also been found that the couplestress fluid is more stable than the ordinary viscous fluid and then the effect of couple-stress parameter (F) and variable dependent viscosity (Γ) on the onset of convection is also analyzed.
Biogeographical provinces, subprovinces and bioregions of the Czech Republic
Authors: Culek Martin 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Presented biogeographical division of the Czech Republic was elaborated initially for purposes of national and supra-national Ecological Networks. This division has its own hierarchy, consisting of both individual and typological biogeographical units. Higher units (biogeographical province, subprovince, and bioregion) are of individual character. Within the territory of the Czech Republic, two biogeographical provinces, four biogeographical subprovinces and 91 biogeographical regions have been distinguished. Hierarchically lower biogeographical units (biochora, group of geobiocoene types) have typological character; their characteristics in English are intended to be published later. All of the biogeographical units - with the exception of the group of geobiocoene types - are elaborated in maps of scale 1:50 000.
Seed rain and seed persistence of Calamagrostis epigejos (l.) roth in extreme ecotoxicological conditions at an abandoned ore-washery sedimentation basin
Authors: Dostál Petr , Kovář Pavel 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Clonal plants are very often among the first species to establish during primary succession. They may rapidly capture available space due to efficient vegetative propagation, but the question arises whether they may also rely on seed bank or seed rain during expansion and recovery after a possible disturbance. This question becomes increasingly important in extreme conditions of industrial deposit investigated in this study. We explored the two aforementioned seed sources in a clonal grass Calamagrostis epigejos within an ecotoxicologically stressed environment - abandoned tailings containment (former sedimentation basin) - from manganese-ore mining. Density of seeds found in seed rain was 617 seeds m-2, and in soil seed bank 220 seeds m-2, based on an autumn survey. Soil seed pool was almost depleted until the following spring as only 13 seeds m-2 were present. This pattern contrasted with the capacity of C. epigejos to build a persistent soil seed bank as shown by a burial experiment. Seed rain was thus identified to be the sole reliable seed source that may assist in recovery of this species after a possible disturbance
An integrative hierarchical spatial framework for spring habitats
Authors: Reiss Martin 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
A theoretical approach of a hierarchical spatial framework concept for spring habitats is presented in this paper. The concept is based on existing classifications of running water and on empirical studies of spring ecosystems. Hierarchical spatial categorisation is applied to study spring areas of forest ecosystems in low mountain ranges of Germany. A spatial concept for springheads is designed to aid the illustration and understanding of functional, structural and process relationships on different scales. Here, multiple geographical dimensions and hydrological scales and their terms are compared in an integrated system. This integrated approach is needed if a water body is to be studied as an ecosystem rather than just a hydrological system. The goal of this hierarchical spatial framework is to establish a conceptual foundation for the study of fauna-microhabitat relationships and for the analysis of the substrate preference of the invertebrate fauna of spring ecotones. This paper presents a surface water typology for patchy forest springs with different habitat types. Most of these habitat types of the 152 investigated springs are dominated by organic substrate types as micro habitats (74.7 %) with subdominant mineral substrate types. Therefor the most dominant habitat type (HT) is “CPOM dominated, Psammopelal abounded” HT (19.7 %), followed by the HT “Macrophytes dominated, Psammopelal abounded” (13.2 %) and the HT “CPOM dominated, Microlithal abounded” (9.9 %). More underrepresented habitat types are pure mineral substrate types (10.5 %) like the HT “Psammopelal dominated” (5.9 %). There were also less artificial habitat types (7.2 %), because the study focused on undisturbed spring habitats inside the field survey.
Malnutrition in Hospitalized Children: Prevalence, Impact, and Management
Authors: Groleau Veronique , Thibault Maxime , Doyon Myriam , Brochu Eve-Emmanuelle , Roy Claude C. , Babakissa Corentin 
Published: February 2014

Purpose Malnutrition in hospitalized children has been reported since the late 1970s. The prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition was examined in hospitalized patients in a general pediatric unit, and the impact and management of malnutrition were assessed. Methods The nutritional risk score (NRS) and nutritional status (NS) (weight, height, body mass index, and skinfold thickness) of children aged zero to 18 years were assessed upon hospital admission. Growth and energy intake were monitored every three days until discharge. Results A total of 173 children (median age three years, 88 girls) participated; 79.8% had a moderate to severe NRS and 13.3% were acutely and/or chronically malnourished. A high NRS was associated with a longer hospital stay in children older than three years (P<0.05), while a poor NS (weight for height percentile) was correlated with prolonged hospitalization in children aged three years or younger (P<0.05). Although weight did not change during hospitalization, a decrease in skinfolds was documented (n=43, P<0.05). Patients with a high NRS had lower energy intake than those not at risk. However, children with abnormal NS received 92.5% of recommended energy intake. Conclusions This study suggests that all children admitted to hospital should have an evaluation of their NRS and NS, so that they can receive appropriate nutrition interventions provided by a multidisciplinary nutrition team.
Asian–Pacific Oscillation signal from a Qomolangma (Mount Everest) ice-core chemical record
Authors: Xu Hao , Hou Shugui , Pang Hongxi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe Asian–Pacific Oscillation (APO) is a climate pattern related to the thermal differences between the Asian continent and the north Pacific. We present a 1000 year record of the major ions in a 108.83 m ice core from east Rongbuk glacier (28°01′ N, 86°58′ E; 6518ma.s.l.) on the northeast slope of Qomolangma (Mount Everest), and discuss its relationship with a 993 year time series of the summer APO index that has been reconstructed from Beijing’s summer temperature (recorded by a stalagmite) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis shows that crustal major ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42–and NO3–) are highly loaded on EOF1, whereas marine major ions (Cl–and Na+) are highly loaded on EOF2. Higher EOF1 is associated with lower upper-troposphere temperature (UTT) over Mongolia, corresponding to a lower APO index and higher surface pressure. Higher EOF2 is associated with higher UTT over Mongolia, corresponding to a higher APO index and lower surface pressure. The higher burden of major ions and higher summer APO index during the period AD 1000–1323 may be due to drought and warm climate of the major-ion source regions. From AD1323 to 1900, EOF1 and EOF2 do not show a consistent correlation with summer APO index, indicating the complex mechanisms of ion transport over the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) during this period. After AD 1900, the summer APO index is correlated negatively with EOF1 and positively with EOF2, indicating that ion transport over the southern TP during this period is influenced significantly by the APO. Our examinations of the PDO index and major-ion record show that higher PDO corresponds to higher EOF1 and lower EOF2. This suggests that the correlation between the recorded major-ion concentration and the APO index originates in the seesaw relationship in temperature between the Asian continent and the north Pacific.
Ablation modeling and surface energy budget in the ablation zone of Laohugou glacier No. 12, western Qilian mountains, China
Authors: Sun Weijun , Qin Xiang , Du Wentao , Liu Weigang , Liu Yushuo , Zhang Tong , Xu Yuetong , Zhao Qiudong , Wu Jinkui , Ren Jiawen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractGlacier surface melting can be described using energy-balance models. We conducted a surface energy budget experiment to quantify surface energy fluxes and to identify factors affecting glacial melt in the ablation zone of Laohugou glacier No. 12, western Qilian mountains. The surface energy budget was calculated based on data from an automatic weather station, and turbulent fluxes calculated using the bulk-aerodynamic approach were corrected using measurements from an eddy-covariance system. Simulated mass balances were validated by stake observations. Net shortwave radiation was the primary component of the surface energy balance (126Wm–2), followed by sensible heat flux. Net longwave radiation (–45Wm–2) and latent heat flux (–12.8 Wm–2) represented heat sinks. The bulk-aerodynamic method underestimated sensible and latent heat fluxes by 3.4 and 1.2 W m–2, respectively. The simulated total mass balance of –1703mmw.e. exceeded the observed total by 90 mm w.e. Daily positive accumulated temperature and low albedo were the main factors accelerating glacier melt. An uncertainty assessment showed that mass balance was very sensitive to albedo and varied by 36% when albedo changed by 0.1.
The Role of LAT–PLCγ1 Interaction in γδ T Cell Development and Homeostasis
Authors: Sullivan Sarah A. , Zhu Minghua , Bao Steven , Lewis Catherine A. , Ou-Yang Chih-wen , Zhang Weiguo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLAT is a transmembrane adaptor protein that is vital for integrating TCR-mediated signals to modulate T cell development, activation, and proliferation. Upon T cell activation, LAT is phosphorylated and associates with Grb2, Gads, and PLCγ1 through its four distal tyrosine residues. Mutation of one of these tyrosines, Y136, abolishes LAT binding to PLCγ1. This results in impaired TCR-mediated calcium mobilization and Erk activation. CD4 αβ T cells in LATY136F knock-in mice undergo uncontrolled expansion, resulting in a severe autoimmune syndrome. In this study, we investigated the importance of the LAT–PLCγ1 interaction in γδ T cells by crossing LATY136F mice with TCRβ−/− mice. Our data showed that the LATY136F mutation had no major effect on homeostasis of epithelial γδ T cells, which could be found in the skin and small intestine. Interestingly, a population of CD4+ γδ T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes underwent continuous expansion and produced elevated amounts of IL-4, resulting in an autoimmune syndrome similar to that caused by αβ T cells in LATY136F mice. Development of these hyperproliferative γδ T cells was not dependent on MHC class II expression or CD4, and their proliferation could be suppressed, in part, by regulatory T cells. Our data indicated that a unique subset of CD4 γδ T cells can hyperproliferate in LATY136F mice and suggested that LAT–PLCγ1 signaling may function differently in various subsets of γδ T cells.
Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma Expresses Immunosuppressive CD80 (B7-1) Cell Surface Protein in a STAT5-Dependent Manner
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Hong Yi , Wei Fang , Liu Xiaobin , Paterson Jennifer C. , Roy Darshan , Mihova Daniela , Woetmann Anders , Ptasznik Andrzej , Odum Niels , Schuster Stephen J. , Marafioti Teresa , Riley James L. , Wasik Mariusz A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this article, we report that cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) cells and tissues ubiquitously express the immunosuppressive cell surface protein CD80 (B7-1). CD80 expression in CTCL cells is strictly dependent on the expression of both members of the STAT5 family, STAT5a and STAT5b, as well as their joint ability to transcriptionally activate the CD80 gene. In IL-2–dependent CTCL cells, CD80 expression is induced by the cytokine in a Jak1/3- and STAT5a/b-dependent manner, whereas in the CTCL cells with constitutive STAT5 activation, CD80 expression is also STAT5a/b dependent but is independent of Jak activity. Although depletion of CD80 expression does not affect the proliferation rate and viability of CTCL cells, induced expression of the cell-inhibitory receptor of CD80, CD152 (CTLA-4), impairs growth of the cells. Coculture of CTCL cells with normal T lymphocytes consisting of both CD4+ and CD8+ populations or the CD4+ subset alone, transfected with CD152 mRNA, inhibits proliferation of normal T cells in a CD152- and CD80-dependent manner. These data identify a new mechanism of immune evasion in CTCL and suggest that the CD80–CD152 axis may become a therapeutic target in this type of lymphoma.
Contribution of Neighborhood Income and Access to Quality Physical Activity Resources to Physical Activity in Ethnic Minority Women over Time
Authors: Lee Rebecca E. , Mama Scherezade K. , Adamus-Leach Heather J. , Soltero Erica G. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose. To create and test an index to indicate both availability and quality of physical activity (PA) resources (PARs), to examine associations between access to quality PARs and changes in PA, and to determine whether this association differed in lower- and higher-income neighborhoods. Design. Longitudinal, 6-month intervention. Setting. Houston and Austin, Texas. Subjects. African-American and Hispanic or Latina women. Measures. Women (N = 410) completed a questionnaire and accelerometry to measure PA. Neighborhoods (N = 163) were classified as lower- or higher-income by median household income at the census-tract level. PARs were audited using the PARA (physical activity resource assessment). Access to quality PARs was determined by a composite index (QPAR) of features, amenities, and incivilities. Analysis. Repeated measures analyses of variance were used to examine changes in PA by (1) neighborhood income (lower/higher) and QPAR (lower/higher) groups, and (2) neighborhood income (lower/higher) and number of PARs (lower/higher) groups, adjusting for ethnicity, household income, and body mass index. Results. Women in neighborhoods with lower QPAR scores had small increases in self-reported vigorous PA (M Δ = 327.8 metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-min/wk) and decreases in accelerometer PA (M = −3.4 min/d), compared to those with higher QPAR scores who had larger increases in self-reported vigorous PA (M Δ = 709.8 MET-min/wk) and increased accelerometer PA (M = 3.9 min/d). There was a significant interaction between changes in leisure-time PA, QPAR score, and number of PARs (p = .049). Women with both more PARs and higher QPAR scores reported greater increases in leisure-time PA than women with fewer PARs and lower QPAR scores. Conclusion. Access to higher-quality PARs can help increase or maintain PA over time regardless of neighborhood income. PAR quality is a separate and distinct, important determinant of PA in ethnic minority women.
Life on automatic: Facebook's archival subject
Authors: Mitchell Liam 
Published: February 2014

Facebook’s ideology rests on and results in a particular ontology: Mark Zuckerberg wants the site to help create an “open” and “connected” world. This article explains the implications of this world-changing mission by examining services that map the Facebook user’s path across the Internet (like Connect) and archive the user’s life (like Timeline). Reading these services through the psycho-ontological claims of Baudrillard and Derrida suggests that Facebook’s open, connected individual – the archival subject – is bent towards convenience and interest. Pairing these readings with a reinterpretation of Heidegger’s philosophy of technology in terms specific to Facebook, the article argues that the archival subject provides evidence of a view of the world characterized predominantly by an orientation toward browsing rather than use or control. Facebook should be analyzed in terms of this pre-theoretical understanding of the world – one that it both symptomatizes and institutes. In advancing this argument, the article calls attention to the broader (ontological) and more intensive (subjective) correlates of more traditional (politico-economic or ideological) criticisms of social media.
Results using Trabecular Metal™ augments in combination with acetabular impaction bone grafting in deficient acetabula
Authors: Gill Kathryn , Wilson Matthew J. , Whitehouse Sarah L. , Timperley A. John 
Published: February 2014

We examined whether the use of trabecular metal wedges to fill segmental defects is an effective method of socket reconstruction when used in combination with impaction grafting and implantation of a cemented socket. Fifteen hips in 14 patients underwent impaction grafting in combination with a TM wedge with a minimum of two years follow-up. All patients had their defects assessed using the Paprosky classification. Patients were reviewed with x-rays and migration of the implant was measured. Outcome scores were also collected. Mean follow-up was 39 months (25-83). The mean age at surgery was 67.8 (49-85) years. Seven of the patients had previously undergone impaction grafting with the use of a stainless steel rim mesh to constrain the graft. None of the patients had failed either clinically or radiologically.
Prone Position during ECMO is Safe and Improves Oxygenation
Authors: Kipping Valesca , Weber-Carstens Steffen , Lojewski Christian , Feldmann Paul , Rydlewski Antje , Boemke Willehad , Spies Claudia , Kastrup Marc , Kaisers Udo X. , Wernecke Klaus-D. , Deja Maria 
Published: February 2014

Purpose Combination of prone positioning (PrP) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) might be beneficial in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), because both approaches are recommended. However, PrP during ECMO might be associated with complications such as dislocation of ECMO cannulae. We investigated complications and change of oxygenation effects of PrP during ECMO to identify “responders” and discuss our results considering different definitions of response in the literature. Methods Retrospective analysis of complications, gas exchange, and invasiveness of mechanical ventilation during first and second PrP on ECMO at specified time points (before, during, and after PrP). We used multivariate nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data (MANOVA) to compare changes of mechanical ventilation and hemodynamics associated with the first and second procedures. Results In 12 ECMO patients, 74 PrPs were performed (median ECMO duration: 10 days (IQR: 6.315.5 days)). No dislocations of intravascular catheters/cannulae, endotracheal tubes or chest tubes were observed. Two PrPs had to be interrupted (endotracheal tube obstruction, acute pulmonary embolism). PaO2/FiO2-ratio increased associated with the first and second PrP (p = 0.002) and lasted after PrP in 58% of these turning procedures (“responders”) without changes in ECMO blood flow, respiratory pressures, minute ventilation, portion of spontaneously triggered breathing, and compliance. Hemodynamics did not change with exception of increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure during PrP and decrease after PrP p≤0.001), while norepinephrine dosage decreased (p = 0.03) (MANOVA). Conclusions Prone position during ECMO is safe and improves oxygenation even after repositioning. This might ameliorate hypoxemia and reduce the harm from mechanical ventilation.
In vitro culture of Secale cereale L. explants-callus formation and organ differentiation
Authors: Rybczyński Jan J. 
Published: February 2014

Explants originating from seeds, embryos, seedlings and maturing plants of rye were cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) and a Schenk and Hildebrandt medium (SH). Depending on various combinations and concentrations of NAA (α-tnaphthaleneacetic acid), IAA (β-indoleacetic acid),2,4-D (dichlosaphenoxyacetic acid), 2,4,5-T(trichloraphenoxyacetic acid),2,4-D (dichloraphenoxyacetic acid), 2,4,5-T (trichloraphenoxyacetic = 2 iP), ZEA (zeatin), and GA<sub>3</sub> (gibberellic acid)	mature embryo, isolated radicles and lateral roots formed callus itissue which was only capable of rhizogenesis. Leaf segments of 3 and 5-day-old seedlings produced callus and roots, however the rachis of a spike of 7 mm in length was capable of forming shoots which later developed into plants.
Seizure Duration and Electroconvulsive Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Gillving Cecilia , Ekman Carl Johan , Hammar Åsa , Landén Mikael , Lundberg Johan , Movahed Rad Pouya , Nordanskog Pia , von Knorring Lars , Nordenskjöld Axel 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT), wherein a generalized epileptic seizure is induced, is a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Currently, it is unclear whether there is an association between seizure length and treatment outcome.ObjectiveTo explore the association between seizure duration, potential confounding variables, and ECT treatment outcome.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study obtained data from the Swedish National Quality Register for ECT. Patients treated for unipolar MDD with unilateral electrode placement between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2019, were included. The electroencephalographic (EEG) seizure duration from the first ECT treatment session for each patient was used for analysis. Data analyses were performed between March 2021 and May 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was remission, defined as a cutoff score of less than 10 points on the self-assessment version of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale within 1 week after ECT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) between different seizure duration groups. Furthermore, the associations between concomitant use of pharmacological treatments, seizure duration, and remission rate were explored.ResultsAmong the 6998 patients included, 4229 (60.4%) were female and the mean (SD) age was 55.2 (18.6) years. Overall, 2749 patients (39.3%) achieved remission after ECT. Patients with EEG seizure duration of 60 to 69 seconds had the highest remission rates compared with patients with seizure duration of less than 20 seconds (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.63-2.88; P &amp;lt; .001). Anticonvulsant medications were associated with shorter seizure duration (eg, lamotrigine: β coefficient [SE], −6.02 [1.08]; P &amp;lt; .001) and lower remission rates (eg, lamotrigine: adjusted OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53-0.84; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found an association between seizure length and remission from MDD. Use of anticonvulsant medication during ECT was associated with shorter seizure duration and lower remission rates after ECT.