bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of Serial Range-of-Motion Measurements of the Lower Extremities in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Can We Do Better?
Authors: Darrah Johanna , Wiart Lesley , Gorter Jan Willem , Law Mary 
Published: February 2014

Background
Serial joint range-of-motion (ROM) measurements are an important component of assessments for children with cerebral palsy. Most research has studied ROM stability using group data. Examination of longitudinal intraindividual measures may provide more clinically relevant information about measurement variability.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the stability of intraindividual longitudinal measurements of hip abduction (ABD), popliteal angle (POP), and ankle dorsiflexion (ADF) ROM measures of children with cerebral palsy.

Design
Secondary data analyses were performed.

Methods
The stability patterns of individual serial measurements of ABD, POP, and ADF from 85 children (mean age=3.8 years, SD=1.4) collected at baseline (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3), and 9 months (T4) were examined using T1 as the anchor and bandwidths of ±15 degrees (ABD and POP) and ±10 degrees (ADF) as acceptable variability. Frequencies of stability categories (0°–5°, 5.1°–10°, 10.1°–15°, and &gt;15°) were calculated. Patterns of stability across the 4 time periods also were examined. Group means (T1–T4) were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results
No significant differences in group means were found except for ABD. Stability patterns revealed that 43.3% to 69.5% of joint measurements were stable with T1 measurements across all 3 subsequent measurements. Stability category frequencies showed that many measurements (ABD=17%, POP=29.9%, and ADF=37.1%) went outside the variability bandwidths even though 39% or more of joint measurements had a change of 5 degrees or less over time.

Limitations
Measurement error and true measurement variability cannot be disentangled. The results cannot be extrapolated to other joint ROMs.

Conclusions
Individual ROM serial measurement exhibits more variability than group data. Range-of-motion data must be interpreted with caution clinically and efforts made to ensure standardization of data collection methods.
Cutleaf Groundcherry (Physalis angulata) Density, Biomass and Seed Production in Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) Following Regrowth Due to Inadequate Control
Authors: Price A. J. , Monks C. D. , Kelton J. A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA field experiment evaluated simulated salvage herbicide application injury and injury timing on cutleaf groundcherry density, biomass, seed production, and crop yield in a peanut system. Treatments included: 1) a non-treated control; 2) hand pruning; 3) diclosulam applied preemergence (PRE) alone at 27 g/ha ; 4) paraquat applied at cracking early postemergence (EPOST) at 140 g/ha followed by bentazon at 560 g/ha late postemergence (POST) alone or mixed with 5) 2,4-DB at 220 g/ha; 6) acifluorfen at 280 g/ha; 7) imazapic at 70 g/ha; or 8) chlorimuron ethyl at 9 g/ha. Hand pruning and POST herbicide treatments were performed at 1-week intervals for four weeks beginning in June of each year. Herbicide treatments do not reflect current peanut herbicide recommendations but were chosen based on likely differential cutleaf groundcherry biomass and subsequent seed production. Diclosulam applied PRE provided season-long cutleaf groundcherry control; imazapic applied POST in combination with bentazon also provided excellent control. Use of bentazon alone or mixed with chlorimuron ethyl, or hand pruning resulted in similar cutleaf groundcherry biomass and subsequent seed production compared to the non-treated control in almost all comparisons. Peanut yield reflected early-season weed interference and late season cutleaf groundcherry control. Highest yields were recorded for diclosulam PRE and POST applications containing 2,4-DB and imazapic with 6040, 5990, and 6430 kg/ha, respectively. When early-season weed control efforts fail to completely control cutleaf groundcherry, it is crucial to have effective late season herbicide options for salvage treatments in order to prevent additions to the seed bank.Nomenclature: Acifluorfen, bentazon, chlorimuron ethyl, diclosulam, imazapic, paraquat, 2,4-DB, cutleaf groundcherry, Physalis angulata (L.) PHYAN, peanut, Arachis hypogaea (L.).
Monoamine metabolites in ventricular CSF of children with posterior fossa tumors: correlation with tumor histology and cognitive functioning
Authors: Varela Maria , Alexiou George A. , Liakopoulou Magda , Papakonstantinou Evaggelos , Pitsouni Dimitra , Alevizopoulos Giorgos A. 
Published: February 2014

Object
The biogenic amines (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin) are involved in the regulation of multiple neuronal functions, and changes in monoamine concentrations in the CSF have been detected in several disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of biogenic amines in the ventricular CSF of children suffering from posterior fossa tumors and their possible correlation with tumor histology and cognitive functioning.

Methods
Twenty-two children with posterior fossa tumors who were treated surgically at Children's Hospital “Agia Sofia” were studied. Patients ranged in age from 5.5 to 15 years. The study population included patients who suffered from hydrocephalus and were treated by ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. During the operation for shunt placement, a CSF sample was obtained for the assessment of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Simultaneously, a blood sample was also obtained for assessment of the same metabolites in the serum. The concentration of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) was evaluated in 24-hour urine samples in 11 patients. Cerebrospinal fluid from a control group of children was also studied. Executive functions were assessed using the short form of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC).

Results
Twelve patients suffered from astrocytomas, 9 from medulloblastomas, and 1 from an ependymoma. The MHPG concentration in CSF was significantly higher in patients with astrocytomas compared with patients with medulloblastomas. Twenty-four-hour urine samples of VMA were significantly higher in patients with astrocytomas compared with patients with medulloblastomas. The MHPG concentration in CSF was negatively correlated with the verbal scale of the WISC and there was a trend toward a significant negative correlation with the total WISC score. Homovanillic acid in CSF was positively correlated with the performance scale of the WISC. There was a significant correlation between HVA and MHPG levels in CSF. The CSF concentration of 5-HIAA was significantly correlated with the HVA concentration in serum. Twenty-four-hour urine VMA samples were statistically significantly correlated with HVA concentration in both CSF and serum, with MHPG in CSF, and with 5-HIAA in serum.

Conclusions
This study showed that children with posterior fossa tumors have differences in the levels of monoamine metabolites in CSF. Further studies with a larger number of patients are obviously needed to verify these observations as well as studies to correlate the monoamine metabolite levels with the neuropsychological and behavioral findings in children with posterior fossa tumors.
Justification from Fictional Narratives
Authors: Repp Charles 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Philosophers generally accept that sound arguments or strong empirical evidence for a proposition can provide some justification for believing it. Can make-believe stories do the same? In this paper, I examine an argument that denies that they can, and I assess one popular response to this argument, which seeks to assimilate fictional narratives such as novels and plays to thought experiments. I argue that this analogy helps explain how fictional narratives can justify propositions at what I call the "micro" level but not at the "macro" level, where other factors such as thematic coherence and the intellectual character of the author typically come into play.
Dewey’s Deconstructive Hermeneutic: Contra the Phenomenology and Morphology of Aesthetic-Mystical Experience Statically Conceived
Authors: Aisemberg Gregory 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this paper, I explore how John Dewey, through an application of his antiessentialist empirical naturalism, deconstructs the essentialist phenomenology of stasis as the dialectical development of preconceived notions constructed without any reference to aesthetic-mystical experience as it is lived. I endeavor to show that the only empirically justified phenomenological characterization of aesthetic-mystical experience for Dewey is that it is an intensified development of the traits and conditions belonging to every normally completed experience: what Dewey calls "an experience," whose dynamic growing form has run its course to fulfillment. I do so by drawing attention to the "principle of continuity" implicit in Dewey’s situational field theory of experience, which is a function of the unity of the habitual body that preobjectively confers sense, meaning, and temporal continuity to every passing moment. I contend that, on the basis of this principle, Dewey rejects the notion of aesthetic-mystical experience as something instantaneously had. Beauty for Dewey is not a "simultaneous perception" whose ex nihilo emergence is absolutely divorced from any association with past and future. I show that, due to the unity of habit and the principle of continuity, Dewey holds that there must be dynamic temporal direction and thickness to the experience.
H-Sang Seung: Design Is Not Design
Authors: Botz-Bornstein Thorsten 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The Korean architect H-Sang Seung derives architectural necessities from two sources: the Korean tradition and the imperatives of territorial qualities he calls "landscripts." The latter can be traced back to the Korean tradition of geomancy, which has consequences for the definition of design. Seung and his organizing team of the Gwangju Design Biennale 2011 express the necessity to rethink the definition of design by launching the paradoxical theme "Design is design is not design" (dogadobisangdo). A design process considering "landscript" disengages the notion of landscape from its strict association with earth and interprets it in terms of urban development. With his concept of landscript, Seung goes beyond the "naturalistic interpretation of the traces in the landscape" and considers "the social and political history that has shaped and inscribed these practices into that landscape." In the article, I interpret Seung’s "landscript" based concept of design through Heidegger’s concept of "Gestell" (project) as well as through the Chinese notion of wen, which means pattern, structure, writing, and literature in Chinese. In Chinese history, wen is a "pattern of interrelating structures that emerge out of concrete situations and reflexively organize and regulate human life in the world."
In Defense of the Pig
Authors: Sapontzis Steve F. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Mill proclaimed that it is better to be a dissatisfied human than a satisfied pig because of the superior quality of human experience. Contemporary utilitarians share this commitment of our species to the superior value of normal human life, though they base this on the greater richness of such life. This article challenges that defense of this commitment on empirical, conceptual, and epistemic grounds. How do we measure the richness of a life? And who determines the value of a life? Conclusion: Utilitarianism is to be commended for its inability to justify our confidence in the superiority of human life.
Brain-Damaged Babies and Brain-Damaged Kittens: A Reexamination of the Argument From Marginal Cases
Authors: Foreman Elizabeth 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Given the existence of "marginal human cases," it is often argued that we must either acknowledge that some human beings have lower moral status than some nonhuman animals or commit to the idea that moral status is held by humans qua humans. In this article, the moves available on both sides are shown to be unsatisfactory, and a conception of moral status that avoids both of the standard positions is suggested. Ultimately, it is argued that the discussion of moral status is confused when marginal human cases are seen as posing a unique, rather than a general, theoretical problem.
The Morality of the Reptile "Pet" Trade
Authors: Warwick Clifford 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The trade in, and private keeping of, reptiles as "pets" raises several ethical concerns regarding animal welfare (associated with handling, storage, transportation, intensive captive breeding, captivity stress, injury, disease, and high premature mortality); public health and safety (associated with zoonotic disease and animal-linked injuries); species conservation and environmental degradation (associated with wild capture); and ecological alteration (associated with invasive alien species). Also, many captive reptiles are fed other animals, raising broader ethical questions. Misperceptions about reptiles by proponents of their captivity mean that these animals are subject to conditions that would likely be considered unacceptable for dogs or cats.
Speciesism, Painism, and Morality
Authors: Sapontzis Steve F. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article is a critical review of Richard Ryder’s recent book, Speciesism, Painism and Happiness: A Morality for the Twenty-First Century. There are brief summaries of Ryder’s positions on the moral significance of happiness, the meaning of "speciesism," the moral theory he calls "painism," and his criticisms of democracy and the moral importance of death. Though sympathetic with Ryder’s overall project, the reviewer questions whether Ryder has discovered the essence of morality, the prejudice of speciesism, a more coherent and workable morality, a fault with democracy, and the moral value of death.
Future shock in forestry Where have we come from; where are we going; is there a "right way" to manage forests? Lessons from Thoreau, Leopold, Toffler, Botkin and Nature
Authors: Kimmins J.P. Hamish 
Published: February 2014

Future shock (Toffler 1970) occurs when the rate of change in society exceeds the willingness or ability of individuals and institutions to adapt to the change. The rapid increase in human population and change in expectations of forestry over the past 40 years has created future shock in our profession. A similar situation has developed in the social and biophysical sciences. Future shock is threatening to divert the evolution of forestry from its path towards site-specific, multi-value social forestry that respects both ecological and biological diversity. It is doing so by forcing change ahead of our knowledge and experience of the outcomes of the change. This is threatening to replace the site-specific, professional decision making that respects nature and social values and is needed to achieve a sustainable relationship between humans and forests, by rigid, administrative, regulation-based forestry. It may even encourage a return to what in reality can become exploitative forestry under the guise of aesthetics, beauty and care for the environment. Forestry has always been changing as society's expectations, needs and desires with respect to forests have changed. This is appropriate and should continue, but it should be the right change—change that respects the ecology and sociology of the desired new balance of values. This new balance includes, as it should, a variety of non-traditional values, but these should be additive to, rather than a replacement for, such important social values as employment, wood products and wealth creation. There is a variety of new paradigms and new institutional arrangements that could guide this change in forestry, but first there needs to be a clear statement of a desired forest future. Lacking the 100-year experience of the outcomes of these new paradigms, we need to develop and use credible, ecologically based, forest ecosystem management models based on both experience and knowledge to help guide the evolution of forestry towards the desired goal. Appropriately trained professional foresters should remain the foundation for the design and implementation of forestry that achieves the desired new balance of values, while a much wider representation of social interests will be involved in setting the new forestry goals. There is merit in listening to the words and philosophies of the great thinkers on forestry and conservation issues. Important lessons can be learned. However, there has been a pervasive misinterpretation of many of the wise thoughts of writers like Thoreau and Leopold. When carefully revisited, their wisdom supports the balanced view of forestry and nature that appears to be the only way forward towards the future that we think our grandchildren and their grandchildren will want. Key words: future shock, development of forestry, respect for nature, paradigms for forestry, forecasting the future, Leopold, Thoreau, Botkin
Sustainable management of old-growth boreal forests: Myths, possible solutions and challenges
Authors: Le Goff Héloïse , De Grandpré Louis , Kneeshaw Daniel , Bernier Pierre 
Published: February 2014

Old-growth boreal forests serve as focal points for many issues affecting the forest sector such as sustainable forest management and the development of a conservation network. They also challenge the implementation of an adaptive management framework and participative natural resources management. Old-growth boreal forests thus provide a good opportunity for the forest sector to develop transparent management that integrates the diversity of social values associated with old-growth boreal forests. In this paper, we review the different issues related to the sustainable management and conservation of old-growth boreal forests and present these issues in terms of myths and solutions. Finally, we identify and discuss the current limits of our understanding of these issues and we propose research priorities to bridge these knowledge gaps.Key words: sustainable forest management, old-growth boreal forests, biodiversity, social values, adapted silvicultural systems
Juvenile productivity of five hybrid poplar clones and 20 genetically improved white and Norway spruces in boreal clay-belt of Quebec, Canada
Authors: Larchevêque Marie , Larocque Guy R. , Tremblay Francine , Gaussiran Stéphane , Boutin Robert , Brais Suzanne , Beaulieu Jean , Daoust Gaëtan , Périnet Pierre 
Published: February 2014

Similar to other boreal regions of Canada, northwestern Quebec has abundant lands available for the establishment of high-productivity plantations. However, few genetically improved species have been tested for this region. Three sites were planted with five hybrid poplar clones; 19 families of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) of southern Ontario and Quebec origins; 20 families of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) of northeastern European origins; and a local seed source of white spruce. Survival and productivity were evaluated during their first three growing seasons. Survival rate was high for all selected plant material. For white spruce, genetically improved families were more productive than the local seed source. The use of exotics (Norway spruce or P. maximowiczii hybrids) did not confer any growth benefit at this early stage. Key words: survival, height, root collar diameter, field trial, exotic and native species
Effect of Armillaria root disease on quality and value of green Douglas-fir lumber
Authors: Cruickshank M G 
Published: February 2014

For a few tree species, scattered accounts of impact caused by root disease exist in the literature mainly at the tree level. No product quality impacts have ever been measured or properly costed. To provide some information on value impacts, green rough-sawn Douglas-fir lumber was cut from trees with and without Armillaria root disease. This produced 80 boards from six trees in two planted stands. Fewer boards came from living diseased trees compared to healthy trees of similar diameter (1.3 m) at both sites, suggesting that disease may affect stem taper or form. Lumber from diseased trees was affected most often by warp and for healthy trees by knots, but warp affected value the most. Disease appears to have at best no effect, and at worst, a negative effect on lumber value but is not likely to increase value. This is the first report of the impact of a root disease on lumber quality and value, but further work would be required to properly assess this. Key words: disease, Armillaria root disease, conifer, Douglas-fir, wood quality, lumber warping, lumber value, lumber grading
CERFO: 25 years of innovations in the forestry sector
Authors: Lessard Guy , Blouin Donald , Boulfroy Emmanuelle , Grenon Frank , Ruel Mélanie 
Published: February 2014

With activities in most regions of Quebec, CERFO (Centre d’enseignement et de recherche en foresterie de Sainte-Foy inc.) has developed a recognized expertise in forestry topics including silviculture, sustainable forest management, forest ecology, harvesting operations, GIS and wood processing. The Centre is known for addressing practical issues using engineering processes for silviculture, forest management, harvesting and wood supply and for being a technological transfer centre. 2009 marked the 25th anniversary of the Centre and as such this is a good opportunity to summarize the important accomplishments of the Centre in applied research, technical assistance and customized training. Key words: silviculture, forest management, ecology, irregular high forest, forest certification, management of harvesting operations, optimization, wood processing, agroforestry, technological transfer, training
A red pine provenance test in northwestern Ontario: 48-year results
Authors: Rahi Ali A , Bowling Colin , Simpson Dale 
Published: February 2014

Survival, total height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured in the fall of 2005 in a 48-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) provenance trial growing in northwestern Ontario. There was significant variation in both height and diameter among the 23 provenances. Generally, westerly provenances performed well while those from the Maritime Provinces exhibited relatively poor growth. Considering that the plantation is at the northern biological range of red pine, survival was high, averaging 96% after 48 years. Provenances with the best growth rates exceeded a volume of 420 m3ha-1. Some provenances from Minnesota and Wisconsin as well as Fort Frances, Ontario exhibited superior growth and should be considered as seed sources for future planting programs in northwestern Ontario.Key words: red pine, provenance test, survival, diameter, height, volume, Northwestern Ontario