bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical Responsibility, Harm Prohibition, and Preservation Requirement: Core Practical Convergence on Climate Change
Authors: Shue Henry 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to map the relationships of various moral arguments for action on climate change to each other in a particular case rather than to explore any single argument in depth or to make any abstract claims about the priorities among the arguments themselves. Specifically, it tries to show that “historical responsibility”, that is, responsibility (moral or legal) for past emissions, is very important, although not quite in the way usually argued, but that it is not by itself determinative. Other, independent considerations also greatly matter, although it happens that as a matter of fact all considerations strongly tend to converge towards the same conclusions about which states are responsible to act in order to slow climate change. “Historical responsibility” is shown to involve both contribution to, or causation of, climate change and benefit from climate change. Other factors that play roles in this case are ability to pay, the no-harm principle, and the duty to preserve the physical pre-conditions of human life.
Discrimination: Classification and Moral Assessment
Authors: Malnes Raino 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Assigning something to the category “discrimination” is not tantamount to saying that it is wrong, but the assignment is disquieting. Conversely, when conduct is classified as non-discriminatory, one weighty ground to be on the guard is set aside. So we should not talk flippantly about discrimination, but do our best to place moral assessment on the proper pitch. There are two ways of drawing a line between discriminatory and non-discriminatory conduct because there are two competing ways of spelling out a crucial characteristic of discrimination. Whichever way we do it, “discrimination” is a category that cannot be defined with precision. In view of this, discrimination is best conceived as a graded property of action – one which is always, to some extent, part of the picture when someone is treated worse than others.
Approaches to Political Commentary in Scandinavia
Authors: Bengtsson Mette 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Political commentary is a contested genre that has attracted a great deal of attention in the Scandinavian public debate, whereas the scholarly literature on it is still in an initial phase. In order to strengthen future research, the present paper suggests a two-dimensional matrix indexing the research on Scandinavian political commentary along the dimensions text/context and descriptive/evaluative. The matrix enables us to see more clearly what we already know and where we lack knowledge. It enables us to see how each category can be developed, the interplay among them, and the obvious lack of textual, evaluative approaches. The author argues that a joint, cross-disciplinary engagement is necessary if we are to adequately understand the potentials and problems of political commentary.
Literary Movements and Catholic Reform: The Contributions of Abbé Félix Klein
Authors: Talar C. J. T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractConnections between Roman Catholic Modernism and the artistic culture of the fin de siècle have received little attention from scholars, as compared to the prominence accorded intellectual, social, and political issues. Felix Klein is one of a handful of those who worked for intellectual renewal who closely followed developments in literature and music, interpreting those developments in a way that favored an agenda of reconciling Catholicism with modernity. In two collections of essays, Nouvelles tendances en religion et en literature (1892) and Autour du dilettantisme (1895) Klein expressed hopes for a return to Catholicism among a cultural elite which I turn would have a larger impact upon a broad public.
Chemical Effects of Neutron-Induced Nuclear Reactions in Halates and Related Compounds
Authors: Ambe Fumitoshi , Sano Hirotoshi , Saito Nobufusa 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The recoil effects of the (n, 2n) reaction were studied in bromates. In sodium bromate the distribution of radioactive bromine atoms in various chemical forms was almost the same for the 79Br(n, 2n) 78Br and 79Br (n, γ)80Br reactions. A similar relationship between the retention and the nature of cations was found for the (n, 2n) and (n, γ) reactions in several bromates.
Jaime Siles, Horas extra, Carlos Aganzo, Las flautas de los bárbaros, Ricardo Bellveser, Jardines
Authors: Balcells Doménech José María 
Published: June 2015

<p>Reseña escrita por José María Balcells Doménech de Jaime Siles, Horas extra, Carlos Aganzo Las flautas de los bárbaros, Ricardo Bellveser Jardines, Clara Janés Épsilon, o el jardín de las maravillas</p>
Obesogenic Dietary Practices of Latino and Asian Subgroups of Children in California: An Analysis of the California Health Interview Survey, 2007–2012
Authors: Guerrero Alma D. , Ponce Ninez A. , Chung Paul J. 
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We examined obesogenic dietary practices among Latino and Asian subgroups of children living in California. Methods. We analyzed 2007, 2009, and 2011–2012 California Health Interview Survey data to examine the differences in dietary practices among Mexican and non-Mexican Latino children and 7 ethnic subgroups of Asian children. We used multivariable regression to examine the sociodemographic factors associated with specific dietary practices. Results. Latino subgroups of children had few differences in obesogenic dietary practices, whereas Asian subgroups of children exhibited significant differences in several obesogenic dietary practices. Korean and Filipino children were more likely than Chinese children to consume fast food and have low vegetable intake. Filipino children, followed by Japanese children, had the most obesogenic dietary practices compared with Chinese children, who along with South Asian children appeared to have the least obesogenic dietary practices. In general, income, education, and acculturation did not explain the dietary differences among Asian groups. Conclusions. Our findings suggest the need to disaggregate dietary profiles of Asian and Latino children and to consider nontraditional sociodemographic factors for messaging and counseling on healthy dietary practices among Asian populations.
The Influence of Fracture Toughness on the Geometry of Hydraulic Fractures
Authors: Thiercelin M. , Jeffrey R. G. , Naceur K. Ben 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This paper contains an assessment of the importance of fracture toughness in hydraulic fracturing. The results given in this paper show that fracture toughness can significantly affect both the height growth and the propagation of hydraulic fractures. Most researchers have considered the effect of fracture toughness on the geometry of the fracture to be negligible except in the cases of small fractures, during injection of very low viscosity fluids, or during fracture closure1. In addition, energy considerations for twodimensional fractures indicated that the energy losses associated with fluid flow were one to two orders of magnitude higher than the energy used in creating new fracture surfaces,γF.2,3 Because γF is directly related to fracture toughness, the conclusion that fracture toughness has a negligible effect on fracture propagation was reaffirmed. However, neglecting the effects of fracture toughness in hydraulic fracturing needs to be reconsidered, because the magnitudes used in earlier calculations may not be representative of in-situ values, and because the development of fully threedimensional models makes possible a more complete study of the problem.
The definition of fracture toughness is obtained from the concept of the stress intensity factor, developed in linear elastic fracture mechanics. Preexisting defect are assumed to exist and to induce high stress concentrations in their vicinity, becoming sites for crack initiation and propagation. A single such defect may be represented by a sharp line crack (known as a Griffith crack) in a linear elastic medium.
Irwin4 demonstrated that, for a linear elastic homogeneous material, the stresses in the vicinity of a Griffith crack tip vary as 1/r, where r is measured from the crack tip. For a fracture in opening mode (or mode I, see Figure 1), the stresses are given by:
Polymer Solar Cells Based on the Copolymers of Naphtho[1,2‐c:5,6‐c]bis(1,2,5‐thiadiazole) and Alkoxylphenyl Substituted Benzodithiophene with High Open‐Circuit Voltages
Authors: Liu Liqian , Zhang Guichuan , He Baitian , Huang Fei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo novel naphtho[1,2‐c:5,6‐c]bis(1,2,5‐thiadiazole) and alkoxylphenyl substituted benzodithiophene based copolymers were developed as the donor materials for polymer solar cells. The resulting copolymers exhibit broad absorption bands in the range of 500–800 nm in thin films and deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels of −5.39 eV and −5.36 eV, respectively. The best device performance was achieved by P1, with an open‐circuit voltage of 0.85 V, a short‐circuit current density of 8.65 mA·cm−2, a fill factor of 37.8%, and a power conversion efficiency of 2.78%.
A process model of prosocial behavior: The interaction of emotion and the need for justice
Authors: Knoche Harry “Trip” , Waples Ethan P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractResearch on prosocial behavior has tended to focus on the positive consequences of prosocial behavior. This paper draws on attribution, emotion and justice motive literature to expand the discussion of prosocial behavior in organizations. Specifically, an expanded definition of prosocial behavior is offered and a process-oriented process model of prosocial behavior is introduced. The process model of prosocial behavior is used to discuss the idea that prosocial behavior might have negative consequences. This paper contributes to the literature on prosocial behavior in organizations by (1) accounting for the effects of emotion and the need for justice on decisions to engage in prosocial actions and (2) identifying negative consequences of specific prosocial actions.
A comparison of the acute toxicities using moderate hypo-fractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy or volumetric modulated arc therapy for the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer
Authors: Elith Craig A. , Dempsey Shane E. , Warren-Forward Helen M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThis study compared the acute toxicities reported during radiotherapy treatment using either intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to deliver a moderate hypo-fractionated treatment for early-stage prostate cancer.Material and methodsAcute toxicities are routinely reported at the clinical site for all patients using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Toxicity assessment is performed on day 1 of treatment, then once weekly thereafter. The recorded toxicities of 40 cases treated with five-field IMRT, and 32 cases treated using VMAT were retrospectively compared. All cases were prescribed 73·68 Gy in 28 fractions. Eight symptoms were assessed; diarrhoea, proctitis, fatigue, pain, dermatitis, urinary frequency, urinary retention and urinary tract pain.ResultsIn terms of the overall toxicity recorded, VMAT was shown to reduce the toxicities of dermatitis, fatigue, pain and urinary frequency (p&lt;0·05). Using IMRT, grade 2 toxicities were reported for proctitis, pain, urinary frequency, urinary retention and urinary tract pain. Using VMAT, grade 2 toxicities were reported for urinary frequency and urinary retention.FindingsThe research reported here is one of the first publications to demonstrate that VMAT is associated with decreased toxicities compared with IMRT for the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer.
The influence of aesthetic investments on employees
Authors: Bjerke Rune , Ind Nicholas 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore new constructs related to organizations, art and physical environment. Further, an intention was to explain and discuss whether investments in the physical environment in the form of art, design and architecture do have an effect on employees.Design/methodology/approach– To conclude whether aesthetics had an impact on employees in terms of job satisfaction, motivation and their self-perception of their own ability to provide customer service, the authors undertook a quantitative study of 222 employees in seven companies. The authors subsequently commenced five in-depth, semi-structured interviews with four accessible corporate art buyers and one curator to identify the main motivations for purchasing art and placing it in the work place.Findings– With regard to perceptions of art, design and architecture, the physical environment is perceived as a whole and seems to play a significant role in organizational life for employees in companies that have invested in art. The research implies, however, that the companies that invested in art, design and architecture, despite the positive influence on employees’ self-perceived service ability, did not accumulate benefits on service ability relative to employees in companies without art.Practical implications– Managers should cautiously reflect on their motivations for investing in art, design and architecture. Useful motivations might include projecting a desired external image or decoration or expressing connection to a community. Investing in art, design and architecture independent of what the organization is trying to do strategically will create cosmetic solutions that lack any wider purpose.Originality/value– Despite increased corporate interest in aesthetics, little research has been done to determine the effect on employees. The research shortage may be due to the challenge of understanding the meaning of the visible expressions. This paper is a contribution to strengthen the knowledge of the impact of workspace aesthetics on employees (the authors subsequently undertook five in-depth, semi-structured interviews with four accessible corporate art buyers at Storebrand (insurance and banking corporation), Telenor (mobile operator), Hydro (aluminium company), Nordic Choice Hotels and one curator).
Benchmark results for natural and mixed convection heat transfer in a cavity
Authors: Yapici Kerim , Obut Salih 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate steady, laminar natural and mixed convection heat transfer in a two-dimensional cavity by using a finite volume method with a fourth-order approximation of convective terms, with and without the presence of nanoparticles. Highly accurate benchmark results are also provided.

Design/methodology/approach
– A finite volume method on a non-uniform staggered grid is used for the solution of two-dimensional momentum and energy conservation equations. Diffusion terms, in the momentum and energy equations, are approximated using second-order central differences, whereas a non-uniform four-point fourth-order interpolation (FPFOI) scheme is developed for the convective terms. Coupled mass and momentum conservation equations are solved iteratively using a semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equation method.

Findings
– For the case of natural convection problem at high-Rayleigh numbers, grid density must be sufficiently high in order to obtain grid-independent results and capture reality of the physics. Heat transfer enhancement for natural convection is observed up to a certain value of the nanoparticle volume fraction. After that value, heat transfer deterioration is found with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction.

Originality/value
– Developed a non-uniform FPFOI scheme. Highly accurate benchmark results for the heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a cavity are provided.
Entropy generation and second law analysis of pulsed impinging jet
Authors: Esmailpour Kazem , Bozorgmehr Behnam , Hosseinalipour Seyed Mostafa , Mujumdar Arun S. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine entropy generation rate in the flow and temperature ﬁeld due pulsed impinging jet on to a flat plate. Heat transfer of pulsed impinging jets has been investigated by many researchers. Entropy generation is one of the parameters related to the second law of thermodynamics which must be analyzed in processes with heat transfer and fluid flow in order to design efficient systems. Effect of velocity profile parameters and various nozzle to plate distances on viscous and thermal entropy generation are investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this study, the flow and temperature field of a pulsed turbulent impinging jet are simulated numerically by the finite volume method with appropriate boundary conditions. Then, flow and temperature results are used to calculate the rate of entropy generation due to heat transfer and viscous dissipation.

Findings
– Results show that maximum viscous and thermal entropy generation occurs in the lowest nozzle to plate distance and entropy generation decreases as the nozzle to plate distance increases. Entropy generation in the two early phase of a period in the most frequencies is more than steady state whereas a completely opposite behavior happens in the two latter phase. Increase in the pulsation frequency and amplitude leads to enhancement in entropy generation because of larger temperature and velocity gradients. This phenomenon appears second and even third peaks in entropy generation plots in higher pulsation frequency and amplitude.

Research limitations/implications
– The predictions may be extended to include various pulsation signal shape, multiple jet configuration, the radiation effect and phase difference between jets.

Practical implications
– The results of this paper are a valuable source of information for active control of transport phenomena in impinging jet configurations which is used in different industrial applications such as cooling, heating and drying processes.

Originality/value
– In this paper the entropy generation of pulsed impinging jet was studied for the first time and a comprehensive discussion on numerical results is provided.
Stigma, tensions, and apprehension
Authors: Maringe Felix , Jenkins Jennifer 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This paper examines the experiences of engaging with academic writing of international doctoral students in the schools of humanities and education at a UK university. The purpose of this paper is to uncover the real accounts of international students whose cultural and language backgrounds are often marginalised and considered, not as facilitators, but as barriers to academic writing in the western context of universities.

Design/methodology/approach
– Developed broadly within an interpretive post-positivistic paradigm, the study utilised Harré and van Lagenhove, 1999 Positioning theory and Goffman’s theory of Stigma to interrogate accounts of 12 students from the two schools in a year-long project involving three focus group discussions, questionnaire responses and personal reflective summaries by the students.

Findings
– The paper highlights the notions of stigma associated with their foreign writing conventions and how students experience tensions and apprehensions about their ability as they painfully negotiate the new academic writing conventions of the institution. International students position themselves as vulnerable outsiders working within an ill-defined but highly valued language environment.

Research limitations/implications
– The research is limited to the extent that it utilises a very small number of students as its key source of evidence. However, the study was not aimed at providing generalisation as much as it sought to explore issues associated with the use of language by international studying in UK universities.

Practical implications
– The study has practical implications for the professionals in HE to develop clear guidelines about what constitutes good English and to provide greater support to international students who see themselves as vulnerable outsiders in an environment which marginalises their linguistic and cultural identities.

Social implications
– The study has implications for the social, cultural, and academic integration of international students in HE institutions.

Originality/value
– The paper signals a need for diverse writing frameworks which seek to promote rather than silence and marginalise potentially rich sources of knowledge and understanding in an increasingly globalising world.
Distributing leadership in English Sixth Form Colleges
Authors: Stoten David William 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the distribution of leadership practices in Sixth Form Colleges (SFCs). This is an area where very little research has been undertaken and the intention was to investigate the topic from a critical perspective using social constructionist methodology.Design/methodology/approach– The research methodology was based on social constructionism. The research took place over two years at four SFCs and involved a range of teachers. An initial questionnaire was followed up with co-constructed discussions in which participants were able to express their views and develop the trajectory of the discussion.Findings– The findings indicated that SFCs have been under pressure to distribute work roles in order to maximise efficiency and this has led to both opportunities for career advancement and work overload.Research limitations/implications– This is a limited research exercise. As a social constructionist research project, it was deliberately aimed at providing a deep insight into a few colleges rather than making generalisable observations about the nature of the sector as a whole.Originality/value– There is very little research undertaken into the SFC sector. This research places an important concept such as distributed leadership into this niche sector. It also challenges the idea that distributed leadership is inherently positive in nature.
Criminal social identity and suicide ideation among Pakistani young prisoners
Authors: Shagufta Sonia , Boduszek Daniel , Dhingra Katie , Kola-Palmer Derrol 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– Suicidal behaviour is a common in prisoners, yet little is known about the factors that may protect against thoughts of ending one’s life. The purpose of this paper is to specify and test a structural model to examine the relationship between three criminal social identity (CSI) dimensions (in-group affect, in-group ties, and cognitive centrality) and suicide ideation while controlling for period of confinement, age, criminal friends, and offense type (violent vs non-violent).Design/methodology/approach– Participants were 415 male juvenile offenders incarcerated in prisons in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A structural model was specified and tested using Mplus to examine the relationships between the three factors of CSI and suicidal thoughts, while controlling for age, offender type, period of confinement, and substance dependence.Findings– The model provided an adequate fit for the data, explaining 22 per cent of variance in suicidal thoughts. In-group affect (the level of personal bonding with other criminals) was found to exert a strong protective effect against suicide ideation.Originality/value– The research contributes important information on suicide ideation in Pakistan, an Islamic country in which suicide is considered a sin and subsequently a criminal offence. Results indicate that Juvenile offenders’ sense of shared identity may help to prevent the development of thoughts of death by suicide. Consequently, separating and isolating young prisoners may be ill advised.