bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic reconstruction of Asperula sect. Cynanchicae (Rubiaceae) reveals a mosaic of evolutionary histories
Authors: Gargiulo Roberta , Guacchio Emanuele Del , Caputo Paolo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the present study, we attempt to reconstruct the phylogeny of Asperula sect. Cynanchicae (Rubiaceae: Rubieae), using both nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers. We test different methodological approaches to clarify relationships and to hypothesize divergence times for the section. The inferred phylogenetic hypothesis shows that sect. Cynanchicae is eastern Mediterranean to western Asian in origin and that a clear East/West split occurred early in the diversification of the section. Several species are not sharply separated and, from a morphological point of view, clear synapomorphies are lacking. Informal groups previously described (such as “ser. Palaeomediterraneae”) are often artificial. Asperula aristata and A. cynanchica, the two most widespread species of the section, turned out to be non‐monophyletic. According to our results, they were probably involved in the origin and/or in the diversification of various extant members of the section. The evolution of A. sect. Cynanchicae has been shaped by a succession of events, among which incorporation of extraneous genomes by genetically aggressive species, progenitor‐derivative speciation and hybridization, played a major role.
Alternative locality: Geopolitics and cultural identity in Ann Hui’s A Simple Life
Authors: Li Han 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Ann Hui’s A Simple Life became a box office sensation in 2012 and a favourite of the critics. Responding to both the mainland film industry’s hegemonic development and the production of ‘authentic Hong Kong cinema’ over the past decade, A Simple Life sheds light on the efforts of Hong Kong film-makers to explore an alternative local identity following the first decade of Chinese rule. This article situates A Simple Life amidst the Hong Kong film industry’s massive migration to Mainland China, and demonstrates the paradoxes embedded in producing and promoting ‘authentic Hong Kong cinema’. It also conducts a close reading of Ann Hui’s unique cinematic language in this work and argues that A Simple Life, though carrying pronounced Hong Kong cultural indicators, reveals awareness of the constructed nature of the ‘authenticity’ in its peer works. Overall, by situating A Simple Life in the broader and significant transformation of the Chinese film industry this article explores how Hui’s film offers an alternative imagination of Hong Kong local identity in the new millennium.
A ‘narrow world, strewn withprohibitions’: Chang Cheh’sThe Assassin and the 1967Hong Kong riots
Authors: White Luke 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Chang Cheh is one of the most influential directors in Hong Kong martial arts cinema, and his film Da cike/The Assassin is a significant work produced at a key moment both in Chang’s early career and in the development of the increasingly violent 1960s swordplay (wuxia) genre that led ultimately to the appearance of the kungfu film in the 1970s. The Assassin was made during the Leftist Riots of 1967, a ‘watershed’ in Hong Kong’s modern history. In order to understand the changing fantasies of violence in Chang’s wuxia cinema during this period, this article makes a close reading of The Assassin in relation to the 1967 riots and through Frantz Fanon’s account of the effects of violence on the colonial subject. It argues for a close relationship between Chang’s cinematic violence and the real-world political violence which was erupting at the moment of its production and first reception.
Hybridization, appropriation and identity: Moving images of Singapore artists Ho Tzu Nyen and Ming Wong
Authors: Teo Phyllis 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
While increased emphasis on experimentation has seen more contemporary Asian artists incorporating time-based elements in their artistic practice, studies of the relationship between film and visual arts have only been sporadic. Drawing upon the film installations of Singaporean visual artists Ho Tzu Nyen and Ming Wong, this article looks into the methodological and theoretical intersections of art and film in their practice. Ho and Wong are recognized for their wide-ranging artistic approaches, blending disparate genres into interdisciplinary installations. Forms of the moving image are utilized as an alternative mode of cinema, a tendency that provides for a more multifaceted study of filmic representations. Advocating a more fluid approach in the understanding of spectatorial position, both artists have produced a visual and experiential language in their work that enables viewers to develop a new consciousness about their environment and themselves.
Influence Of Thermal Treatment On Relaxor Properties Of BaBi2Nb2O9 Ceramics
Authors: Adamczyk M. , Pilch M. , Pawełczyk M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the hereby paper the implications of thermal modification of BaBi2Nb2O9 ceramics in high vacuum (5×10−11 bar) at a temperature equal of 1173K are widely discussed. The mentioned modification caused changes in the ions concentration (confirmed by EDS and XPS analysis) and as a consequence an influence on the value of the unit cell parameters as well as on the dielectric and relaxor properties of described ceramics. The obtained results of EDS and XPS analysis of the sample before and after thermal treatment revealed bismuth ions diffusion to the surface of the sample (which was expected) and an almost complete the lack of barium ions on the modified surface. The comparison of EDS and XPS analysis results, suggested that they penetrated the interior of the sample and embedded into the crystal structure in place of bismuth. The hypothesis is in good agreement with the results of X-ray diffraction – the volume of the unit cell had an insignificant increase. The changes in the ions concentration influenced, also in a distinct manner, the dielectric and relaxor properties as well as on the shape of temperature characteristic of thermal stimulated depolarization current observed in BBN ceramics.
Double Step Sintering Behavior Of 316L Nanoparticle Dispersed Micro-Sphere Powder
Authors: Jeon Byoungjun , Sohn Seong Ho , Lee Wonsik , Han Chulwoong , Kim Young Do , Choi Hanshin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
316L stainless steel is a well-established engineering material and lots of components are fabricated by either ingot metallurgy or powder metallurgy. From the viewpoints of material properties and process versatility, powder metallurgy has been widely applied in industries. Generally, stainless steel powders are prepared by atomization processes and powder characteristics, compaction ability, and sinterability are quite different according to the powder preparation process. In the present study, a nanoparticle dispersed micro-sphere powder is synthesized by pulse wire explosion of 316L stainless steel wire in order to facilitate compaction ability and sintering ability. Nanoparticles which are deposited on the surface of micro-powder are advantageous for a rigid die compaction while spherical micro-powder is not to be compacted. Additionally, double step sintering behavior is observed for the powder in the dilatometry of cylindrical compact body. Earlier shrinkage peak comes from the sintering of nanoparticle and later one results from the micro-powder sintering. Microstructure as well as phase composition of the sintered body is investigated.
Synthesis And Characterization Of SiO2, SnO2 And TiO2 Metal Oxide Shells Covering Cu2O Particles
Authors: Yu Ri , Yun Jiyeon , Kim Yoojin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this work is described a means of improving the chemical stability of Cu2O@SiO2, Cu2O@SnO2 and Cu2O@TiO2 materials. The SiO2, SnO2 and TiO2 coated samples were stable from pH 3 to pH 10 for up to seven days. To determine the stability of the coated nanoparticles, and their colloidal solutions under acidic and basic conditions, colloidal nanoparticle solutions with various pH values were prepared and monitored over time. Details of the effect of variations in pH on the phase stability of core-shell type Cu2O were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
Fabrication And Mechanical Properties Of A Nanostructured Complex Aluminum Alloy By Three-Layer Stack Accumulative Roll-Bonding
Authors: Lee S.-H. , Lee S.R. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A multi-layered complex aluminum alloy was successfully fabricated by three-layer stack accumulative roll bonding(ARB) process. The ARB using AA1050 and AA5052 alloy sheets was performed up to 7 cycles at ambient temperature without lubrication. The specimen processed by the ARB showed a multi-layer aluminum alloy sheet in which two aluminum alloys are alternately stacked. The grain size of the specimen decreased with the number of ARB cycles, became about 350nm in diameter after 7cycles. The tensile strength increased with the number of ARB cycles, after 6c it reached 281MPa which is about twice higher than that of the starting material. The microstructures and mechanical properties of a three-layer AA1050/AA5052 alloy fabricated by the ARB were compared to those of the conventional ARB-processed material.
Recovery Of Valuable Metals In Tin-Based Anodic Slimes By Carbothermic Reaction
Authors: Han Chulwoong , Kim Young-Min , Son Seong Ho , Choi Hanshin , Kim Tae Bum , Kim Yong Hwan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study investigated the recovery of anodic slimes by carbothermic reaction in the temperature range of 973~1,273K and amount of carbon as a function of time. Tin anodic slime samples were collected from the bottom of the electrolytic cells during the electro-refining of tin. The anodic slimes are consisted of high concentrated tin, silver, copper and lead oxides. The kinetics of reduction were determined by means of the weight-loss measurement technique. In order to understand in detail of carbothermic reaction, thermodynamic calculation was carried out and compared with experiments. From thermodynamic calculation and experiment, it was confirmed that Sn-based anodic slime could be reduced by controlling temperature and amount of carbon. However, any tendency between the reduction temperature and carbon content for the reduction reaction was not observed.
Study On The Electro-Refining Of Tin In Acid Solution From Electronic Waste
Authors: Son Seong Ho , Park Sung Cheol , Kim Jin Hwa , Kim Yong Hwan , Lee Man Seung , Ahn Jae-Woo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe tin metal could be retractable from wasted tin scrap, sludge, and wasted electroplated solution hydrometallurgical treatment, and purification process. In order to be used as resource of electronic devices, the retracted crude metal should be purified to the extent of higher than 99.9%. In this study, tin electro-refining process was performed to purify the casted tin crude metal at various experimental conditions: at the current density of 3, 5A/dm2, and in various electrolytes such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and methansulfonic acid. Additional experiment was conducted using Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) in order to investigate the rate determining step of tin electro-refining process. The current efficiency, 65.6%, was achievable at the condition of current density, 5A/dm2, and in the electrolyte of Hydrochloric acid. During tin electro-refining process, impurity dissolved from tin crude metal into the electrolyte was analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), and the result showed the concentration of impurity metal gradually increased. Quantitative analysis on casted tin crude metal showed that it consists of tin with 93.9 wt.% and several impurity metals of Ag, Bi, Pb, Cu, and etc. After tin electro-refining process, the purity of tin increased up to 99.985 wt.%.
Fabrication Of Colloidal Clusters Decorated With Dye Molecules For Potential Application As Photonic Molecules
Authors: Cho Y.-S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, colloidal clusters decorated with fluorescent dyes were fabricated by evaporation-driven self-assembly using emulsion droplets as confining geometries. Silica microspheres were synthesized by Stober method followed by the modification with dye molecules through additional surface sol-gel reaction for the formation of thin silica shell. The surface of the resultant dye-doped silica microspheres was modified with hydrophobic silane coupling agent to disperse the particle suspension in organic solvent such as hexane. The fluorescent silica microspheres were self-assembled inside oil-in-water emulsions by evaporation-driven self-assembly for the formation of colloidal clusters, potentially applicable for photonic molecules. The clusters with fluorescent emission were observed using confocal microscope.
Effects Of Process Parameters On Cu Powder Synthesis Yield And Particle Size In A Wet-Chemical Process
Authors: Shin Y.M. , Lee J.-H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study presents a simple wet-chemical process to prepare several micron-size Cu powders. Moreover, changes in powder synthesis yield and particle size are examined with different solvents, synthesis temperatures, and amounts of reducing agent during the synthesis. As a reducing agent and capping agent, L-ascorbic acid and polyvinyl pyrrolidone were used, respectively. The yields in distilled water or an ethylene glycol (EG)/distilled water mixture were higher than that in EG alone, and the yield increased with increasing temperature owing to a lower Δ Gred value. Increasing the L-ascorbic acid concentration also increased the yield. The Cu powder synthesized in 3 h at 90°C in distilled water with 272.8 mM of L-ascorbic acid showed the lowest average particle size of 2.52 μm, indicating mechanisms of short burst nucleation and reduced growth via the increased reduction rate of Cu ions. It is estimated that the nucleation step was nearly completed within 10 min in this system. The Cu powders synthesized in an ethylene glycol/distilled water mixture presented an average particle size of 3.76 μm and the highest yield of 87.9%.
Synthesis Of SiC/Cu Composite Powders From Polycarbosilane And Cupric Nitrate Trihydrate
Authors: Bang S.-R. , Yim D.-M. , Riu D.-H. , Oh S.-T. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
SiC/Cu composite powders with the barrier coating of SiC-Al onto SiC powders were synthesized from Al-containing polycarbosilane precursor and Cu-nitrate hydrate. Curing at 200°C and high temperature pyrolysis at 1600°C was used to achieve the crystallization of precursor, forming the SiC-Al coating on the surface of SiC powders. A core-shell structure with the core of SiC and the shell of Cu was constructed by calcination and hydrogen-reduction of Cu nitrate hydrate. XRD and SEM analysis revealed that the β-SiC and 4H-SiC phases were formed on the surface of the initial α-SiC powders. Also, it was observed by EDX mapping that core powders of SiC were homogeneously surrounded with the fine Cu particles on their surface.
Properties Of MgB2/Ga Composites Prepared By Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Yoon K. , Ahn J.-H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of Ga-doping and mechanical alloying in MgB2 on microstructural and phase evolution. A comparison was made between in-situ and ex-situ processed Mg-B-Ga samples. Densification was markedly improved by ex-situ sintering of ball-milled MgB2+Ga. The Ga-doping and ball-milling prior to sintering resulted in the formation of impurity phases such as MgO, Ga5Mg2 and Ga2O3. Lattice parameter of MgB2 increased with increasing ball-milling duration as well as by Ga-doping.
Effect Of Heat-Treatment On Microstructure And Magnetic Properties Of Nanocrystallized Mn-Zn Ferrite Powders
Authors: Lee W.H. , Hong C.S. , Chang S.Y. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The initial ferrite powders were subjected to high energy ball milling at 300rpm for 3h, and subsequently heat-treated at 573-1273K for 1h. Based on the observation of microstructure and measurement of magnetic properties, the heat-treatment effect was investigated. The size of initial powders was approximately 70μm. After milling, the powders with approximately 230nm in size were obtained, which were composed of the nano-sized particles of approximately 15nm in size. The milled powders became larger to approximately 550nm after heat-treatment at 973K. In addition, the size of particles increased to approximately 120nm with increasing temperature up to 973K. The coercivity of initial powders was almost unchanged after milling, whereas the saturation magnetization increased. As the heat-treatment temperature increased, the saturation magnetization gradually increased and the maximum coercivity was obtained at 773K.
Thermal Analysis On The Kinetics Of Magnesium-Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxides In Different Heating Rates
Authors: Hongbo Y. , Meiling C. , Xu W. , Hong G. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The thermal decomposition of magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was investigated by thermogravimetry analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods in argon environment. The influence of heating rates (including 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20K/min) on the thermal behavior of LDHs was revealed. By the methods of Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, the thermal kinetic parameters of activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the exothermic processes under non-isothermal conditions were calculated using the analysis of corresponding DSC curves.
A Study On Dispersion Stability Of Nickel Nanoparticles Synthesized By Wire Explosion In Liquid Media
Authors: Kim C.K. , Lee G.-J. , Lee M.K. , Rhee C.K. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this study, nickel nanoparticles were synthesized in ethanol using portable pulsed wire evaporation, which is a one-step physical method. From transmission electron microscopy images, it was found that the Ni nanoparticles exhibited a spherical shape with an average diameter of 7.3 nm. To prevent aggregation of the nickel nanoparticles, a polymer surfactant was added into the ethanol before the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles, and adsorbed on the freshly synthesized nickel nanoparticles during the wire explosion. The dispersion stability of the prepared nickel nanofluids was investigated by zeta-potential analyzer and Turbiscan optical analyzer. As a result, the optimum concentration of polymer surfactant to be added was suggested for the maximized dispersion stability of the nickel nanofluids.
Surface Treatment And Modification Of Graphene Using Organosilane And Its Thermal Stability
Authors: Kim D.-S. , Dhand V. , Rhee K.-Y. , Park S.-J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this study, graphene was functionalized via acid oxidation in the presence of a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The oxidized graphene was silanized using the coupling agent, 3-aminopropyltriethoxsilane, resulting in functionalized graphene. The oxidized graphene and functionalized graphene were characterized by X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, High-resolution micro Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and atomic force microscopy to confirm the presence of functional moieties on the graphene surface. Thermal studies also demonstrate that the functionalized material is thermally stable up to higher temperatures.
Phase Transformation And Mechanical Properties Of Ti-12.1Mo-1Fe Alloy With Nano-Sized Precipitation
Authors: Lee D.-G. , Seo J. , Li Ch. , Lee Y. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Microstructural characterization and aging hardening behaviors of a new designed Ti-12.1Mo-1Fe alloy during solution treatment and aging were investigated in the present study. It is well known that when β-Ti alloys are generally under solution treatment or aging, α phases and ω phases appear or disappear dependent on heat treatment temperature and holding time. It is very necessary to understand the phase transformation phenomenon and to control the microstructure because these phases can control the drastic changes of the mechanical and physical properties of these alloys. According to the calculated [Mo]eq value and the microstructural observation, the β-transus temperature was about 780°. After the solution treatment, this alloy was composed of the β-phase and the microstructure mainly consisted of the equiaxed β grains with the average size of 25 μm. ω phases which were precipitated during aging process, played a more important role to the hardening effect than α phases. The highest hardness value of Ti-12.1Mo-1Fe alloy showed in the condition of the aging temperature of 450°. The hardening due to ω-phase precipitation can lead to a high hardness about 480 Hv but the coarse α-phase result in hardness below 300 Hv.
Extraction Factor Of Pure Ammonium Paratungstate From Tungsten Scraps
Authors: Pee J.-H. , Kim G.H. , Lee H.Y. , Kim Y.J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Typical oxidation process of tungsten scraps was modified by the rotary kiln with oxygen burner to increase the oxidation rate of tungsten scraps. Also to accelerate the solubility of solid oxidized products, the hydrothermal reflux method was adapted. By heating tungsten scraps in rotary kiln with oxygen burner at around 900° for 2hrs, the scraps was oxidized completely. Then oxidized products (WO3 and CoWO4) was fully dissolved in the solution of NaOH by hydrothermal reflux method at 150° for 2hrs. The dissolution rate of oxidized products was increased with increasing the reaction temperature and concentration of NaOH. And then CaWO4 and H2WO4 could be generated from the aqueous sodium tungstate solution. Ammonium paratungstate (APT) also could be produced from tungstic acid using by aqueous ammonium solution. The morphologies (cubic and plate types) of APT was controlled by the stirring process of purified solution of ammonium paratungstate.
Fabrication Of Zn4Sb3 Alloys By A Combination Of Gas-Atomization And Spark Plasma Sintering Processes
Authors: Dharmaiah P. , Kim H.-S. , Lee K.-H. , Hong S.-J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this study, single phase polycrystalline Zn4Sb3 as well as 11 at.% Zn-rich Zn4Sb3 alloy having ε-Zn4Sb3 (majority phase) and Zn (minority phase) phases bulk samples produced by gas-atomization and subsequently consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The crystal structures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cross-sectional microstructure were observed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The internal grain microstructure of 11at.% Zn-rich Zn4Sb3 powders shows lamellar structure. Relative density, Vickers hardness and crack lengths were measured to investigate the effect of sintering temperature of Zn4Sb3 samples which are sintered at 653, 673 and 693 K. Relative density of the single phase bulk Zn4Sb3 sample reached to 99.2% of its theoretical density. The micro Vickers hardness of three different sintering temperatures were found around 2.17 – 2.236 GPa.
Porous Magnesium Based Bionanocomposites For Medical Application
Authors: Kowalski K. , Jurczyk M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this study, Mg-10 wt.% hydroxyapatite nanocomposites and their scaffolds were synthesized using a combination of mechanical alloying and a powder metallurgy methods. The phase and microstructure analysis was carried out using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and the properties were measured using hardness and corrosion testing apparatus. According to the Scherrer method for XRD profiles, the average size of mechanically alloyed Mg+10 wt. % HA for 20 h powders was of order of 21 nm for Mg. The Vickers hardness of the Mg-10 wt.% HA reached 87 HV0.3. The corrosion resistance of the bulk Mg-10 wt.% HA nanocomposite and its scaffolds was investigated in the Ringer’s solution. The potentiodynamic corrosion resistance tests revealed that the porosity of the Mg-10 wt.% HA nanocomposite scaffolds had no negative effects compared to microcrystalline Mg.