bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the ANSRTMSalmonella Method for Detection of Salmonella spp. in a Variety of Foods
Authors: Caballero Oscar , Alles Susan , Gray R Lucas , Tolan Jerry , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This study represents a proposal to extend the matrix claims for the ANSR™ Salmonella test, Performance Tested MethodSM 061203. The test is based on the nicking enzyme amplification reaction (NEARTM) isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology. The assay platform features simple instrumentation, minimal labor, and following a single-step 16–24 h enrichment (depending on sample type), an extremely short assay time of 30 min including sample preparation. Detection is real-time using fluorescent molecular beacon probes. ANSR Salmonella was originally validated for detection of Salmonella spp. in chicken carcass rinse, raw ground turkey, raw ground beef, hot dogs,and oat cereal, and on stainless steel, plastic, sealed concrete, ceramic tile, and rubber surfaces. Thematrixes tested in this study include pet food, ice cream, soy flour, raw almonds, peanut butter, spinach, black pepper, raw frozen shrimp, cocoa powder, and pasteurized dried egg. In unpaired comparativetesting there were no statistically significant differences in the number of positive results obtained with the ANSR and the reference culture methods. Enrichment for 16 h was effective for all commodities testedexcept ice cream, black pepper, dried pasteurized egg, and 375 g samples of dry pet food, for whichenrichment for 24 h is indicated.
Microbiological Water Methods: Quality Control Measures for Federal Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act Regulatory Compliance
Authors: Root Patsy , Hunt Margo , Fjeld Karla , Kundrat Laurie 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) data are required in order to have confidence in the results from analytical tests and the equipment used to produce those results. Some AOAC water methods include specific QA/QC procedures, frequencies, and acceptance criteria, but these are considered to be the minimum controls needed to perform a microbiological method successfully. Some regulatory programs, such as those at Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 40, Part 136.7 for chemistry methods, require additional QA/QC measures beyond those listed in the method, which can also apply to microbiological methods. Essential QA/QC measures include sterility checks, reagent specificity and sensitivity checks, assessment of each analyst's capabilities, analysis of blind check samples, and evaluation of the presence of laboratory contamination and instrument calibration and checks. The details of these procedures, their performance frequency, and expected results are set out in this report as they apply to microbiological methods. The specific regulatory requirements of CFR Title 40 Part 136.7 for the Clean Water Act, the laboratory certification requirements of CFR Title 40 Part 141 for the Safe Drinking Water Act, and the International Organization for Standardization 17025 accreditation requirements under The NELAC Institute are also discussed.
First Detection of Tetrodotoxin in the Bivalve Paphies australis by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry With and Without Precolumn Reaction
Authors: McNabb Paul S , Taylor David I , Ogilvie Shaun C , Wilkinson Larn , Anderson Alice , Hamon David , Wood Susanna A , Peake Barrie M 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Two methods for the determination of tetrodotoxin(TTX) in marine biota have been developed and validated using ultra-performance LC coupled to triple quadrupole MS. The direct analysis of TTX is completed in one method, while the other method detects the dehydration product of TTX after reaction with base. The methods were validated in a single-laboratory trial and used to test Paphies australis (pipi) samples collected from Whangapoua, New Zealand during April 2011. Pa. australis is a commonly eaten species of bivalve that was found to contain TTX at levels up to 0.80 mg/kg in this study. The methods exhibited recoveries ranging from 94 to 120%, and the within laboratory reproducibility ranged from 6 to 27% for Pleurobranchaea maculata (grey-side gilled sea slug) andbivalve matrixes. Use of the method using a dehydration step showed no evidence of TTX analogs in any ofthe samples.
Animal-Free Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Testing—The Canadian Perspective to Improved Health Protection
Authors: Rourke Wade A , Murphy Cory J 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The performance characteristics of AOAC Official Method 2011.02 (the PCOX method) asa replacement for the AOAC mouse bioassay procedure have been well defined by validation studies, but these data do not communicate the complete story. Thecontext provided by analyzing 9000 regulatory monitoring samples over 3 years demonstrates not only the reduction in animal use but also the increase in foodsafety that has been realized using a chemistry-based method. Detection of lower toxin levels provided early warning to enable directed sampling as toxin levels increased. The toxin profile information generated by a chemistry-based method was used to detect potential interferences qualitatively and can be usedto assess the impact of changes recommended to monitoring programs. Such changes might include which toxins should be included in an action limit or the toxic equivalence factors used for these toxins.
The Foot Posture Index in Men Practicing Three Sports Different in Their Biomechanical Gestures
Authors: Martínez-Nova Alfonso , Gómez-Blázquez Eduardo , Escamilla-Martínez Elena , Pérez-Soriano Pedro , Gijon-Nogueron Gabriel , Fernández-Seguín Lourdes María 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundThe technical gestures characteristic of certain sports may lead to one type of foot being more prevalent than the others. The Foot Posture Index (FPI) has been used as a diagnostic tool for support postures in various sports, but the differences in these postures between sports of distinct gestures in their actions are far from completely understood.MethodsThe overall FPI, obtained as the sum of the scores of its six individual criteria, was determined in 90 male athletes (30 runners, 30 basketball players, and 30 handball players) in static bipedal stance and relaxed position. Analysis of variance was used to find significant differences among the three sports in the total FPI and its six criteria.ResultsThe mean ± SD FPI was 2.9 ± 2.8 in runners, 3.9 ± 4.1 in basketball players, and −0.4 ± 6.9 in handball players, with significant differences among these groups (P = .008). Significant differences were also found in the talar head position and talonavicular prominence values between handball players and runners (P = .001 and P = .004, respectively) and between handball and basketball players (P = .002 and P = .006, respectively).ConclusionsRunners and basketball players had neutral feet, whereas handball players had supinated feet. The differences in foot posture seem to be mainly determined by two of the FPI criteria: talar head position and talonavicular prominence.
Do Educational Interventions Targeted to Nail Salon Workers and Customers Improve Infection Control Practices in These Salons?
Authors: Lux Lois , Marshall James , Parker Shannon , Collard Susan , Rogers Benjamin , Fuson Stephen 
Published: April 2014

Background
The Tacoma–Pierce County Department of Health, the Pierce County Antibiotic Resistance Task Force, and the Washington State Department of Licensing (DOL) designed an intervention to determine whether nail salon infection control practices could be improved by educating salon employees and their customers about good infection control practices.

Methods
Twenty intervention salons and 26 control salons completed the 3-month study. The intervention group received a letter asking them to “join our campaign to promote healthy people in healthy communities … .” Two DOL pamphlets on cleaning and disinfecting and a tent card with important infection control reminders—targeted to clients on one side and to salon workers on the other side—were also included. Outreach workers from the health department visited 25 (of the original 27) intervention salons once and talked about the materials included in the mailing. Inspection infractions were used to measure compliance with infection control practices. Each salon was inspected by the DOL at baseline, within 1 month after the educational mailing, and within 1 month after an outreach visit from the local health department.

Results
Both groups exhibited statistically significant decreases in infractions; however, the intervention group exhibited a higher and more significant decrease in infractions than the control group.

Conclusions
The intervention and control groups underwent three DOL inspections, which may have resulted in a Hawthorne Effect, with both groups seeing a statistically significant decline in infractions after inspection visits. The more significant decrease in the number of infractions cited in the intervention salons may be due to the educational materials and the health education site visit they received.
Forefoot Midsole Stiffness Affects Forefoot and Rearfoot Kinematics During the Stance Phase of Gait
Authors: Resende Renan A. , Fonseca Sérgio T. , Silva Paula L. , Pertence Antônio E. , Kirkwood Renata N. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundThe forefoot midsole stiffness of the shoe may affect the kinematics of the foot segments. We evaluated the effects of two different levels of forefoot midsole stiffness on the angular displacement of the forefoot and rearfoot in the three planes of motion during the stance phase of gait.MethodsThirty-six participants walked on a 10-m walkway at their self-selected speed wearing shoes having either low or high forefoot midsole stiffness. Three-dimensional kinematic data of the foot segments were obtained during the stance phase of gait using an eight-camera motion analysis system synchronized with a force platform. The dependent variables were forefoot and rearfoot total range of motion and maximum and minimum angle values in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes of motion.ResultsReduced forefoot midsole stiffness produced significantly greater forefoot total range of motion in the sagittal plane (1.59°). The low-stiffness condition also increased the magnitude of the forefoot dorsiflexion angles (4.14°). Furthermore, the low-stiffness condition increased the magnitude of the rearfoot inversion (1.21°) and adduction (11.38°) angles and reduced the rearfoot abduction angle (12.1°).ConclusionsIt is likely that reduced stiffness of the forefoot midsole stretched the plantar fascia, increasing rearfoot stability during the stance phase of gait. Increased muscular contraction may also explain increases in rearfoot stability. Therefore, the integrity of the plantar fascia and ankle muscles' force and resistance should be considered when choosing a shoe with reduced or increased forefoot midsole stiffness for walking.
Immunomagnetic Isolation of Pathogen‐Containing Phagosomes and Apoptotic Blebs from Primary Phagocytes
Authors: Steinhäuser Christine , Dallenga Tobias , Tchikov Vladimir , Schaible Ulrich E. , Schütze Stefan , Reiling Norbert 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMacrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils are professional phagocytes essential in the initial host response against intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Phagocytosis is the first step in phagocyte‐pathogen interaction, where the pathogen is engulfed into a membrane‐enclosed compartment termed a phagosome. Subsequent effector functions of phagocytes result in killing and degradation of the pathogen by promoting phagosome maturation, and, terminally, phago‐lysosome fusion. Intracellular pathogenic microbes use various strategies to avoid detection and elimination by phagocytes, including induction of apoptosis to escape host cells, thereby generating apoptotic blebs as shuttles to other cells for pathogens and antigens thereof. Hence, phagosomes represent compartments where host and pathogen become quite intimate, and apoptotic blebs are carrier bags of the pathogen's legacy. In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions, both phagosomes and apoptotic blebs are required as purified subcellular fractions for subsequent analysis of their biochemical properties. Here, we describe a lipid‐based procedure to magnetically label surfaces of either pathogenic mycobacteria or apoptotic blebs for purification by a strong magnetic field in a novel free‐flow system. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 105:14.36.1‐14.36.26. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Novel Concept for the Synthesis of Multiply Doped Gold Clusters [(M@AunM′m)Lk]q+
Authors: Puls Arik , Jerabek Paul , Kurashige Wataru , Förster Moritz , Molon Mariusz , Bollermann Timo , Winter Manuela , Gemel Christian , Negishi Yuichi , Frenking Gernot , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHeterometal‐doped gold clusters are poorly accessible through wet‐chemical approaches and main‐group‐metal‐ or early‐transition‐metal‐doped gold clusters are rare. Compounds [M(AuPMe3)11(AuCl)]3+ (M=Pt, Pd, Ni) (1–3), [Ni(AuPPh3)(8−2n)(AuCl)3(AlCp*)n] (n=1, 2) (4, 5), and [Mo(AuPMe3)8 (GaCl2)3(GaCl)]+ (6) were selectively obtained by the transmetalation of [M(M′Cp*)n] (M=Mo, E=Ga, n=6; M=Pt, Pd, Ni, M′=Ga, Al, n=4) with [ClAuPR3] (R=Me, Ph) and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and ESI mass spectrometry. DFT calculations were used to analyze the bonding situation. The transmetalation proved to be a powerful tool for the synthesis of heterometal‐doped gold clusters with a design rule based on the 18 valence electron count for the central metal atom M and in agreement with the unified superatom concept based on the jellium model.
Tea‐Bag‐Like Polymer Nanoreactors Filled with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Mitschang Fabian , Schmalz Holger , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGold‐containing polymer nanotubes, which showed both catalytic activity and resistance to leaching, were prepared by the “tubes by fiber templates” (TUFT) process. For this purpose, electrospun polymer nonwovens with incorporated poly(L‐lactide)‐stabilized gold nanoparticles were coated with poly(p‐xylylene) by the chemical vapor deposition process, and then the inner fiber templates were removed. The resulting polymer tubes carried encapsulated gold nanoparticles which were shown to be immobilized and featured pronounced catalytic activity towards the hydrolytic oxidation of dimethylphenylsilane and the alcoholysis of dimethylphenylsilane with n‐butanol. The macroscopic nonwovens could be used as tea‐bag‐like catalyst systems and showed excellent reusability.
Threshold Sensing through a Synthetic Enzymatic Reaction–Diffusion Network
Authors: Semenov Sergey N. , Markvoort Albert J. , de Greef Tom F. A. , Huck Wilhelm T. S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA wet stamping method to precisely control concentrations of enzymes and inhibitors in place and time inside layered gels is reported. By combining enzymatic reactions such as autocatalysis and inhibition with spatial delivery of components through soft lithographic techniques, a biochemical reaction network capable of recognizing the spatial distribution of an enzyme was constructed. The experimental method can be used to assess fundamental principles of spatiotemporal order formation in chemical reaction networks.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative [4+2] Annulation of NH Imines and Alkynes by CH/NH Activation
Authors: He Ruoyu , Huang Zhi‐Tang , Zheng Qi‐Yu , Wang Congyang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDescribed herein is a manganese‐catalyzed dehydrogenative [4+2] annulation of NH imines and alkynes, a reaction providing highly atom‐economical access to diverse isoquinolines. This transformation represents the first example of manganese‐catalyzed CH activation of imines; the stoichiometric variant of the cyclomanganation was reported in 1971. The redox neutral reaction produces H2 as the major byproduct and eliminates the need for any oxidants, external ligands, or additives, thus standing out from known isoquinoline synthesis by transition‐metal‐catalyzed CH activation. Mechanistic studies revealed the five‐membered manganacycle and manganese hydride species as key reaction intermediates in the catalytic cycle.
Enzymatic resolution of ibuprofen in an organic solvent under ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Zhao Dantong , Yue Hong , Chen Ge , Jiang Liyan , Zhang Hong , Wang Zhi , Liu Guangchun 
Published: April 2014

AbstractUltrasound has been successfully adopted to improve the biocatalytic properties of APE1547 (a novel esterase from the archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1) in the resolution of ibuprofen. After optimizing the conditions (ultrasound power, 200 W; temperature, 35 °C), the best biocatalytic performance of APE1547 (enzyme activity, 5.39 µmol/H/mg; E value, 130.8) was obtained. Compared with the conventional reaction in an orbital shaker, the enzyme activity was significantly enhanced about 90‐fold, and the enantioselectivity was enhanced about fourfold after an ultrasound. The results of scanning electron microscopy clearly indicated that the activation effect of ultrasound on APE1547 originated mainly in the morphological change of the enzyme powder. Both lower particle size and conformational change of APE1547 under ultrasound might be helpful to enhance the enantioselectivity. In addition, APE1547 kept its best performance under the low‐power ultrasound for at least five reaction cycles.
Exploring the Potential Energy Surface of E2P4 Clusters (E=Group 13 Element): The Quest for Inverse Carbon‐Free Sandwiches
Authors: Castro Abril C. , Osorio Edison , Cabellos José Luis , Cerpa Erick , Matito Eduard , Solà Miquel , Swart Marcel , Merino Gabriel 
Published: April 2014

AbstractInverse carbon‐free sandwich structures with formula E2P4 (E=Al, Ga, In, Tl) have been proposed as a promising new target in main‐group chemistry. Our computational exploration of their corresponding potential‐energy surfaces at the S12h/TZ2P level shows that indeed stable carbon‐free inverse‐sandwiches can be obtained if one chooses an appropriate Group 13 element for E. The boron analogue B2P4 does not form the D4h‐symmetric inverse‐sandwich structure, but instead prefers a D2d structure of two perpendicular BP2 units with the formation of a double BB bond. For the other elements of Group 13, Al–Tl, the most favorable isomer is the D4h inverse‐sandwich structure. The preference for the D2d isomer for B2P4 and D4h for their heavier analogues has been rationalized in terms of an isomerization‐energy decomposition analysis, and further corroborated by determination of aromaticity of these species.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Addition of α‐Aminoalkyl Radicals to [60]Fullerene by Using Photoredox Catalysts
Authors: Miyake Yoshihiro , Ashida Yuya , Nakajima Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe functionalization of fullerene has been extensively studied and various fullerene derivatives have been synthesized. We have succeeded in the functionalization of [60]fullerene by using α‐aminoalkyl radicals generated by visible‐light‐mediated single‐electron oxidation of α‐silylamines as synthetic intermediates. In these reactions, the introduction of diarylamino groups, which are useful electron donors, has been easily achieved.
Synthesis of Ammonia from Intermittently Generated Hydrogen
Authors: Beerbühl Simon Schulte , Kolbe Bärbel , Roosen Christoph , Schultmann Frank 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEine Möglichkeit zur Integration fluktuierender Energieerzeugung in das Energiesystem stellt die Verwendung von elektrolytisch erzeugtem Wasserstoff zur Herstellung von Methan, Ammoniak oder Methanol dar. Hier wird ein flexibles Prozesskonzept zur Herstellung von Ammoniak vorgestellt und auf technischer und ökonomischer Ebene mit den Power‐to‐Gas‐Konzepten verglichen. Insbesondere der im Vergleich hohe Marktpreis von Ammoniak generiert Vorteile gegenüber der Produktion von Erdgassubstituten und führt zu einer höheren Anlagenlaufzeit mit operativen Erlösen.
Effects of Renal Denervation on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurements in Patients With Resistant Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Lambert Thomas , Blessberger Hermann , Gammer Verena , Nahler Alexander , Grund Michael , Kerschner Klaus , Buchmayr Gunda , Saleh Karim , Kammler Jürgen , Steinwender Clemens 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe sympathetic nervous system is an important factor in hypertension. In patients suffering from resistant hypertension, transfemoral renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) reduces office blood pressure (BP) values.HypothesisAmbulatory BP measurement (ABPM) is a better predictor than office BP of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We thus believe that ABPM should be added to the systematic evaluation and follow‐up protocol when treating patients with resistant hypertension with RDN. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of RDN on mean 24‐hour BP by the use of ABPM.MethodsPatients with resistant hypertension (office systolic BP >160 mm Hg, or >150 mm Hg in patients with diabetes) have been treated with RDN. Ambulatory BP measurement was performed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after RDN. Patients with a 24‐hour systolic BP reduction of ≥5 mm Hg were classified as responders.ResultsOf 86 patients initially enrolled in the study, 5 had to be excluded from the analysis because of <70% valid ABPM recordings. Out of the 81 studied patients, we found 49 responders (60.5%). In all patients, office BP decreased from 169.9/87.8 mm Hg to 153.5/86.3 mm Hg (P < 0.001/P = not significant [NS]) and 24‐hour BP decreased from 144.3/86.0 mm Hg to 139.9/84.0 mm Hg (P = 0.025/P = NS) 6 months after RDN. In responders, office BP decreased from 169.6/90.3 mm Hg to 143.7/79.7 mm Hg (P < 0.001/P < 0.001). The ABPM levels started at 144.3/84.7 mm Hg and decreased to 138.3/81.5 mm Hg (P = 0.025/P = 0.045). In nonresponders, office BP was 150.2/84.0 mm Hg and 24‐hour BP was 144.5/84.7 mm Hg at baseline; at 6 months, office BP was 168.7/96.4 mm Hg (P < 0.001/P = NS) and 24‐hour BP was 142.2/81.5 mm Hg (P = NS/P = NS).ConclusionsOffice BP and AMBP levels can be significantly lowered by RDN in patients with resistant hypertension.
Absence of QTc prolongation with domperidone: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐ and positive‐controlled thorough QT/QTc study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Biewenga Jeike , Keung Chi , Solanki Bhavna , Natarajan Jaya , Leitz Gerhard , Deleu Sofie , Soons Paul 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDomperidone effects on QTc duration were assessed in a single‐center, double‐blind, four‐way crossover study of 44 healthy participants randomized to one of four treatment sequences consisting of four treatment periods separated by 4–9 days washout. On Day 1 of each 4‐day period, participants began oral domperidone 10 or 20 mg q.i.d., matching placebo q.i.d., or single‐dose moxifloxacin 400 mg (positive control)/placebo q.i.d. In each period, triplicate 12‐lead electrocardiograms were recorded at baseline (30, 20, and 10 minutes predose), 8 timepoints after dosing on Days 1 and 4, and predose on Day 4. In mixed effects models, the largest difference for domperidone in least squares means for change from baseline QTcP versus placebo was 3.4 milliseconds (20 mg q.i.d., Day 4), 90% CI: 1.0–5.9, and <10 milliseconds at all timepoints for both domperidone dosages. Moxifloxacin response confirmed assay sensitivity. Participants achieved expected domperidone plasma exposures. No significant exposure‐response relationship was found for QTc increase per ng/mL domperidone (90% CI of the slope estimate included zero at mean Cmax on Day 1 or Day 4). In summary, domperidone at doses up to 80 mg/day did not cause clinically relevant QTc interval prolongation.