bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the runaway electron load distribution in ITER during 3D MHD induced beam termination
Authors: Bergström Hannes , Särkimäki Konsta , Bandaru Vinodh , Skyllas M M , Hoelzl Matthias ,   JOREK Team
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In ITER, disruption-born runaway electrons (REs), unless mitigated, are expected to form a several Mega-Ampere beam that ultimately intercepts the first wall leading to melting of the plasma facing components. Developing a successful mitigation strategy therefore requires modeling that takes into account the coupling between REs and the MHD during the formation and termination of the beam, along with estimates for the wall loads that can be compared to design values. Using the JOREK code, this work aims to provide the latter by presenting a novel model for collisions between REs and the wall and applying it to a beam termination scenario in ITER. To this end, the transport of REs is modeled by tracing particles in the fields calculated by preceding simulations of the disruption event where REs were treated in the fluid picture and self-consistently coupled to the MHD. The resulting heat loads are found to be highly localized in both the poloidal and toroidal directions, with 3D features also playing an important role in the appearance of hot spots. Peak loads were on the order of

10
7

−

10
8

J

m

2

. The load distribution was found to only be weakly sensitive to the initial phase space distribution of the REs when decoupled from the fields, while modifying properties of the underlying MHD yielded notable differences in wetted area and peak loads, in particular for cases with higher resistivity.
The politics of ward committees in enhancing community development through democratic participation in the perspective of structuration
Authors: Yende Nsizwazonke E , Mahlangu Petunia B , Mkhwanazi Andiswa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The paper aims to explore the politics of ward committees in enhancing community development through participation. In post-1994 South Africa, ward committees are perceived as one of the key structures that are constitutionally required to be established to enhance community development through democratic participation. These structures are envisioned as playing a critical role in ensuring a contact between local people at the grass-roots level and their local authorities. Despite the conspicuous successes of establishing the ward committees at the municipal level, their effectiveness in executing their constitutional mandate remains an issue. This is because such structures have been ‘caught up’ in ambiguous political contestations at the local level. Hence, these structures are perceived as ‘watchdogs’ and an extension of the dominant party from the ward level to the municipality level. This negatively affects their ability to progressively realize their constitutional mandate. This paper adopts a secondary research approach to explore the politics of ward committees in enhancing community development. Gidden’s theory of structuration is employed as a theoretical lens to interpret the findings. Based on this theory, the paper highlights that ward committees are ineffective in promoting community development through democratic participation because of the environment within which they operate. Thus, the environment where these structures operate is characterized by power dynamics, and intra- and inter-political fighting, which provide a context within which they can operate. The paper concludes by recommending that the government should consider professionalizing ward committees to enhance their effectiveness in the complex environment within which they operate.
Shifted Contact Structures on Differentiable Stacks
Authors: Maglio Antonio , Tortorella Alfonso Giuseppe , Vitagliano Luca 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We define $0$-shifted and $+1$-shifted contact structures on differentiable stacks, thus laying the foundations of shifted Contact Geometry. As a side result we show that the kernel of a multiplicative $1$-form on a Lie groupoid (might not exist as a Lie groupoid but it) always exists as a differentiable stack, and it is naturally equipped with a stacky version of the curvature of a distribution. Contact structures on orbifolds provide examples of $0$-shifted contact structures, while prequantum bundles over $+1$-shifted symplectic groupoids provide examples of $+1$-shifted contact structures. Our shifted contact structures are related to shifted symplectic structures via a Symplectic-to-Contact Dictionary.
PL01 HEALTHY, SAFE AND RESILIENT WORKPLACES FOR ALL
Authors: Neira Maria , Ivanov Ivan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The goals of the World Health Organization and its 195 Member States for the coming years as stipulated in its 14th General Programme of Work (2025-2028) will be to strengthen the prevention of diseases, to promote health and wellbeing, to protect health in emergencies and to provide health services. Addressing the health impacts of climate change and the determinants of health, as well as health actions in priority settings, such as cities, schools and workplaces are among the key strategies to achieve these goals.
Since its creation WHO acted to improve working conditions through different strategies and action plans from industrial health, occupational health, and workers’ health and in collaboration with ILO. Between 2007 and 2018 WHO implemented a global plan of action on workers’ health. Currently, WHO action on occupational health is integrated in the Global Strategy on Health, Environment and Climate Change adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2019. This strategy links occupational health to environmental health and climate change emphasizing the role of workplaces as a key setting for action on prevention of occupational and work-related diseases and injuries, provision of essential health services through workplaces and their integration with primary health care systems.
Half of the world population are working adults. The health of the worlds’ workforce and the health determinants related to work and employment are important for achieving the overall objectives of promoting, protecting and providing health. According to recently released joint estimates of WHO and ILO, more than two million deaths annually can be attributed to occupational risks, such as exposure to carcinogens, workplace air pollutants, unergonomic work, noise, and long working hours. There is a growing concern about the impacts of work and employment on mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the role of businesses and workplaces as essential settings for public health and social measures to contain the spread of the disease. Action at workplaces is also vital to protect workers from other public health threats such as periods of severe air pollution, extreme weather events, chemical, radiological and other public emergency hazards.
At the recent high-level meetings on universal health coverage and non-communicable diseases, held at the UN General Assembly, countries committed to scaling up efforts to build healthier and safer workplaces, to improve access of workers to occupational health services and stimulate the promotion of health and wellbeing at work.
SPL02 PLATFORM WORKERS: SOCIAL INEQUITY IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Authors: Yoon Jin-Ha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The rise of the platform economy has created new forms of work, including platform work. However, platform workers are more vulnerable to occupational safety and health (OSH) risks compared to traditional workers. Platform algorithms, designed for efficiency, can endanger workers' health and safety. For example, delivery riders face increased traffic accident risks due to short delivery times imposed by algorithms. Additionally, platform workers often experience psychological stress due to unstable work environments, opaque evaluation systems, and unfair attribution of responsibility.

Research Objectives
This study aims to contribute to the social discourse on platform workers' health issues by thoroughly analysing them through qualitative and quantitative research methods and proposing solutions. The research comprises three main components:
1. In-depth Interviews with Platform Workers
We conducted in-depth interviews with platform workers from seven different types of jobs: delivery, ride-hailing, caregiving, quick service, food delivery, housework, and cultural arts. By analyzing the characteristics and OSH issues of each type, we shed light on the diversity of the platform economy, the seriousness of the health problems it generates, and seek to identify homogenous occupational health challenges faced by workers across various sectors.
2. 10-Year Research on Platform Drivers and Participatory Research
We present the results of a 10-year study on platform drivers and a participatory research project on how they protect their occupational health. This study analyzes the types of health problems, causes, and preventive measures for platform drivers, specifically identifying the health risk factors in the platform economy. Additionally, the participatory research conducted with platform drivers highlights their strategies and challenges in protecting their occupational health.
3. Algorithm Tax as a Policy Solution
We analyze the negative impact of platform algorithms on platform workers' health and propose an algorithm tax as a policy solution. The algorithm tax would be a levy on platform companies' algorithm usage, generating the necessary resources to improve OSH for platform workers. This would enhance platform companies' social responsibility and establish a social safety net for platform workers' health protection.

Conclusion and Policy Implications
This study emphasizes that platform workers' health issues should not be regarded as individual problems but as social issues that require collective solutions. As the platform economy grows, platform workers' health problems are becoming more severe, potentially affecting the health and safety of society as a whole. Therefore, collaborative efforts from various stakeholders, including governments, businesses, workers, and academia, are crucial to addressing platform workers' health issues.
SPL10 CARING FOR THOSE WHO CARE: SAFEGUARDING HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELLBEING OF HEALTH WORKERS.
Authors: Ngajilo Dorothy , Ivanov Ivan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Health workers play a crucial role in providing quality healthcare services to communities around the world. However, the health sector, which is supposed to restore, protect, and promote health, is also among the most hazardous sectors for the health and safety of workers. Health workers are exposed to a wide range of occupational hazards, including biological, chemical, physical, ergonomic, and psychosocial hazards, including violence, which can affect their health and wellbeing.
The protection of the health and safety of health workers should be part of the core business of the health sector: to protect and restore health without causing harm to patients and workers. Safeguarding the health, safety, and wellbeing of health workers contributes to improving the productivity, job satisfaction, and retention of health workers. It also facilitates the regulatory compliance of health facilities with national laws and regulations on occupational health and safety, considering the specific working conditions and occupational hazards in the sector.
At the United Nations (UN) High-level Meeting on Universal Health Coverage held during the 74th session of the UN General Assembly in 2019, all heads of states and governments committed to scaling up efforts to promote healthier and safer workplaces, increase access to occupational health services for workers, and take action to improve the protection of health, safety, and wellbeing of health workers. In 2022, with resolution WHA74.14 on protecting, safeguarding, and investing in the health and care workforce, the World Health Assembly called upon Member States to take the necessary steps to safeguard and protect health and care workers at all levels. In light of this, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) have jointly issued a guide on the development and implementation of occupational health and safety programmes for health workers and work with international partners to build capacities for its implementation in countries.
This session will provide an overview of WHO/ILO recommendations for safeguarding the health, safety, and wellbeing of health workers, including the development and implementation of occupational health and safety programs for health workers. The session aims to raise awareness, foster collaboration, and inspire action among stakeholders to prioritize and invest in initiatives that protect and promote the health, safety, and wellbeing of health workers globally.
SPL24 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEILLANCE OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO NON-IONIZING RADIATION: LESSONS LEARNED AND NEW CHALLENGES
Authors: Gobba Fabriziomaria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Non-Ionizing radiations (NIR) include Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) and Optical radiation (OR). Occupational exposure is related to both the natural and the innumerable, and continuously increasing, artificial sources: nowadays is substantially ubiquitous and potentially involves almost all workers. A health risk evaluation and, based on the results, the implementation of adequate Health Surveillance (HS) programs is certainly needed.
Considering EMF, currently no agreement on the more appropriate specific contents of HS exists but, at least, an active search of possibly related symptoms occurrence, and a screening of the conditions inducing particular risk should be implemented in all exposed workers. Other procedures should be considered only if required on an individual basis
Regarding OR, a HS is needed in case of exposure to artificial sources, but also to solar radiation. UV related long term effects are cumulative, and especially the effects to the eye (as cataract) and skin (as skin cancer) are frequent and relevant health problems not sufficiently considered. Better prevention, and further knowledge on levels adequately protective for long term effects, are needed, also considering the challenge of climate changes.
Specific conditions inducing a higher susceptibility to adverse health effects of both, EMF and OR, are known (“workers at particular risk”), but better knowledge is needed for more adequate HS interventions.
A last, but relevant, point is the need that HS of NIR exposed workers is performed by OM specialists with an adequate and updated competence and skill in this specific field, sometimes/often not sufficiently enhanced during the training.
SPL28 THE CONTRIBUTION OF ISO STANDARDS TO THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY, AND HOW YOU CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THEIR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Cottam Martin , Humphreys Lachean , Swingewood Sally 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The development of ISO standards in the field of occupational health and safety (OH&S) is a relatively recent development, beginning with the publication of ISO 45001 in 2018. Since then, a number of further guidance standards have been published, including ISO 45003 the first international standard to address the psychological health, safety and wellbeing of workers, ISO/PAS 45005 which provided OH&S guidance specific to the Covid-19 pandemic, and ISO 45006 providing broader guidance on preventing and managing infectious diseases in the workplace. Work is now getting underway on the development of several more such standards, including guidance on the OH&S impacts of climate change, and guidance on managing OH&S for remote working.
As a relative newcomer to the OH&S toolbox, what impact has ISO 45001 had? And how does ISO determine on which topics to supporting guidance materials? How are the standards developed, and how can OH&S practitioners contribute to the process?
This semi-plenary session aims to answer these questions by explaining how ISO standards are created, who they are written for, and how they can be used. It will describe the relationship between standards and regulation, and how the use of voluntary standards can complement and support the effective implementation of OH&S regulations.
The session will include an overview of the work of the ISO Technical Committee for OH&S (ISO/TC 283) describing its current portfolio of published standards and standards under development, as well as explaining the composition of the international committee and how it undertakes document development. The various stages of the development of a new standard will be described from initial concept through to publication, and the process of decision making explained, as will the various types of deliverables that the committee can develop.
The opportunities for OH&S practitioners to contribute to the development of the committee’s standards will be described, ranging from the submission of comments on public drafts of documents under development, through to participation in national mirror committees and TC 283 itself. The session will include guidance on how to comment effectively on public drafts of standards for maximum impact.
The session will describe some of the challenges faced in the development of standards and in achieving impact across the broad target audience that our documents seek to address. It will explain how research has resulted in an evolving approach to how diversity is addressed within ISO 45000 series standards, where further research is needed, and the importance of collaboration with other actors in the OH&S field.
SS01-02 APPROACHES ON MENTAL HEALTH IN THE NETHERLANDS
Authors: Wiezer Noortje , Niks Irene , Roozeboom Maartje Bakhuys , Wortelboer Heleen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Psychosocial occupational risks cause human suffering and high costs for companies and society. Work-related stress is high in the Netherlands in sectors with high labour shortages (education, healthcare). All this makes it an important topic of OSH policy in the Netherlands. With its research programme, TNO supports the government and organisations in creating conditions that enhance employee health, wellbeing, and performance.

Materials and Methods
Four projects will be presented: 1) the Just In Time Adaptive Intervention (JITAI), aimed at supporting employees and teams in managing their daily psychosocial working conditions, 2) the Participatory Work Stress Prevention Approach, aimed at reducing psychosocial risks in organisations, 3) the Innovation in Workplace Wellbeing approach, a system dynamic approach to support employees and employers in increasing employee wellbeing and 4) DESTRESS aimed at recognizing stress signals at an early stage, both at organisational and individual levels. The interventions 1, 3 and 4 are still in development and being tested in practice. Intervention 2 is evaluated in a controlled trial. Results will be available at the presentation.

Results
First pilot studies have shown promising results. Interventions 1 and 3 are perceived useful and feasible. Evaluations of intervention 2 show positive effects on the intended outcomes. The quality of the implementation process is important in all interventions.

Conclusions
Based on the results of the studies we conclude that, to increase employee health and wellbeing, interventions at all levels (individual, team, leadership, organisation, and environment) are needed. In the coming years, the interaction between interventions at different levels will be examined.
SS01-03 ACCIDENT PREVENTION FOR AND BY NEW TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Wittlich Marc 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Accident prevention is challenged by new technologies, as this may result in new hazards calling for new measures for prevention at the shop floor level. IFA faces the challenges with several partners and by involving research and practice. Among others, collaborating robots, artificial intelligence (AI), and techniques of virtual reality (VR) at work serve as examples on how to serve accident prevention for and through application of technologies.

Materials and Methods
A joint project involves IFA and several partners from research and practice in testbed development for safe and efficient robotics in public. IFA cooperates in requirement specification and testing regarding functional safety, interaction quality design, and trustworthy AI. By use of new technologies, in contrast, in a VR simulation project on standardisation of future river lock design and maintenance, the IFA used VR technologies to support risk assessment design and application.

Results
Robotics in public not only share some challenges of workplaces, but also use common ground (e.g., service robotics in hospitals, industry parcs). Therefore, selected design requirements were transferred from industry to public application (e.g., power and force limiting, interaction principles, trustworthiness). The VR project facilitated application of risk assessment templates to 150 work scenarios in virtual simulations, identified safety relevant flaws, and fed back preventive measures into river lock planning. Revised river locks will go into service in 2024 with templates being re-used for placing into operation.

Conclusions
New technologies incorporate challenges and solutions. Accident prevention should embrace and manage new technologies and make them the object of research in practice.
SS01-05 THE NORWEGIAN SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR WORK ENVIRONMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Authors: Nordberg Hanvold Therese 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The National Institute of Occupational Health in Norway (STAMI) was in 2006, commissioned to develop and operate the National Surveillance System for Work Environment and Health (NOA). The surveillance system is based on research and the purpose is to provide the Norwegian working life and the Norwegian authorities with regular updates on the status and trends of different working environment exposures and health conditions among the Norwegian workforce.

Materials and Methods
The national surveillance system collects data from nationally representative and high-quality registers from different data providers such as, Statistics Norway and the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration. The surveillance system maps and interprets data that can tell us more about the state of the working environment in Norway. The surveillance system covers 47 occupations and 29 different sectors.

Results
Every third year, the ‘Fact book on working environment and health’ is published and the interactive website containing all the different indicators is updated. These two deliverables give the current status and trends for all exposures and health outcomes that are relevant to the workplace. The 5th edition of ‘Factbook on working environment and health’ was published in the spring of 2021, and in the spring of 2024 the 6th edition of the ‘Factbook’ will be available.

Conclusions
The Norwegian Surveillance System for Work Environment and Health forms an important pillar in the systematic and knowledge-based preventive work environment as it provides a basis for a common understanding of challenges and can point direction and priorities in the working environment for the future.