bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of space charge and current characters of oil-immersed-paper with simultaneous measurement
Authors: Ma Yuntong , Lv Zepeng , Zhang Yining , Peng Jinyang , Ge Yi , Wu Kai , Cheng Yonghong 
Published: August 2024

To study the current response to space charge in oil–paper insulation, a simultaneous space charge and external current measurement system are developed for a solid–liquid sample. The space charge and external current of oil-immersed paper are tested under different applied voltages. In the oil–paper sample, it accumulates heterocharge at 0.25 kV and homocharge at a higher voltage. The external currents first decrease and then increase with time. The changing timepoint decreases with the applied voltage. It shows that dynamic space charge evolution influences external current development. An unusual phenomenon is observed that the charge on both electrodes increases without heterocharge accumulation in a certain time range after voltage application, resulting in an increase in the average electric field. The transient electric field and displacement current at the cathode are calculated according to the amount of surface charge at the cathode. It indicates that displacement current takes up the main part of external current and decreases to zero when the surface charge amount stops increasing. After this stage, the conduction current is almost equal to the external current. The correlation between conduction current and electric field is analyzed. It reveals that when the electric field is lower than 5 kV/mm, the conduction current of oil–paper seems to be linear to the electric field strength, following Ohm’s law. When the electric field is higher than 5 kV/mm, the conduction current of oil–paper follows the Fowler–Nordheim law that the ln(jc/E2) is linear to 1/E. The transient external current has great potential in diagnosing electrical equipment.
Unveiling the electron-induced ionization cross sections and fragmentation mechanisms of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran
Authors: Wasowicz Tomasz J. , Jurkowski Michal K. , Harris Allison L. , Ljubić Ivan 
Published: August 2024

The interactions of electrons with molecular systems under various conditions are essential to interdisciplinary research fields extending over the fundamental and applied sciences. In particular, investigating electron-induced ionization and dissociation of molecules may shed light on the radiation damage to living cells, the physicochemical processes in interstellar environments, and reaction mechanisms occurring in combustion or plasma. We have, therefore, studied electron-induced ionization and dissociation of the gas phase 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (DHP), a cyclic ether appearing to be a viable moiety for developing efficient clinical pharmacokinetics and revealing the mechanisms of biofuel combustion. The mass spectra in the m/z = 10–90 mass range were measured at several different energies of the ionizing electron beam using mass spectrometry. The mass spectra of DHP at the same energies were simulated using on-the-fly semi-classical molecular dynamics (MD) within the framework of the QCxMS formalism. The MD settings were suitably adjusted until a good agreement with the experimental mass spectra intensities was achieved, thus enabling a reliable assignment of cations and unraveling the plausible fragmentation channels. Based on the measurement of the absolute total ionization cross section of DHP (18.1 ± 0.9) × 10−16 cm2 at 100 eV energy, the absolute total and partial ionization cross sections of DHP were determined in the 5–140 eV electron energy. Moreover, a machine learning algorithm that was trained with measured cross sections from 25 different molecules was used to predict the total ionization cross section for DHP. Comparison of the machine learning simulation with the measured data showed acceptable agreement, similar to that achieved in past predictions of the algorithm.
Enhancing device characteristics of pentacene-based organic transistors through graphene integration: A simulation study and performance analysis
Authors: Singh Manish Kumar , Anusha Kadiyam , Dwivedi A. D. D. 
Published: August 2024

Transistors find application within various integrated circuits (ICs) alongside a multitude of electronic devices. These ICs have become integral components in contemporary systems. When organic semiconducting materials constitute the active layer, transistors are termed “organic transistors.” The enhancement of diverse device characteristics is achievable through the modeling and simulation of these organic transistors. This study focuses on the simulation of different configurations of pentacene-based organic transistors. To augment device performance, an active layer comprising pentacene is coupled with 5 and 15 nm graphene. Notably, the top gate configuration yields an increase in ON/OFF ratio from 102 to 107, accompanied by an enhancement in sub-threshold swing from 276 to 59 mV/decade. Similarly, the bottom gate configuration exhibits an ON/OFF ratio improvement from 105 to 109, alongside a sub-threshold swing enhancement from 108 to 59 mV/decade. Leveraging graphene as the active layer material results in substantial benefits. These encompass a heightened on-current of 210 mA, a reduced sub-threshold swing of 58 mV/decade, and a significantly enhanced ON/OFF ratio of 1017.
Spontaneous anomalous Hall effect in magnetic and non-magnetic systems
Authors: Vedyayev A V , Tao L L , Zhuravlev M Ye 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We consider two cases of spontaneous anomalous Hall current. In a non-magnetic system with spin–orbit coupling (SOC), the applied bias results in the appearance of non-equilibrium magnetization and an anomalous Hall current. The latter demonstrates non-linear dependence on the applied bias. In a magnetic system with SOC, an anomalous current appears without applied bias. We perform the calculations in the framework of the free-electron model, whereas the common approach to this type of phenomenon is based on Berry connection. We demonstrate that anomalous currents acquire a measurable magnitude for reasonable model parameters.
Morphological characterization of concave particle based on convex decomposition
Authors: Du Libing , Li Zirui , Liu Xinrong , Yang Zhongping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Particle morphology is an important factor affecting the mechanical properties of granular materials. However, it is difficult to quantify the morphology characteristics of the complex concave particle. Fortunately, complex particle can be segmented by convex decomposition, so a new shape index named convex decomposition coefficient (CDC) related to the number of segmentations is proposed. First, the pocket concavity was introduced to simplify the morphology hierarchically. Second, the cut weight linked to concavity was defined and convex decomposition was linearly optimised by maximizing the total cut weights. Third, the CDC was defined as the minimum block number where the block area ratio cumulatively exceeded 0.9 in descending order. Finally, the proposed index was used to quantify the particle morphology of coral sand. The results demonstrate that the CDC of coral sands mainly ranges from 2 to 6, with a positively skewed distribution. Furthermore, CDC correlates well with three shape indices: sphericity, particle size, and convexity. Larger CDC is associated with smaller sphericity, larger particle size, and smaller convexity. The index has certain scientific research value and practical significance.
A convenient analytical parametrization of a tokamak plasma last closed flux surface for use in shape and discharge design
Authors: Fable E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An analytical parametrization of the last closed flux surface of a tokamak plasma is proposed, based on a reduced list of global shape parameters that are conveniently defined. This parametrization can reproduce a variety of shapes, from limited to diverted, lower and upper single null, double null, and diverted negative triangularity plasmas. The choice of the parameters is well suited to be used for easy shape and more generally discharge design, in view of fitting the coil currents that are required to form the desired shape.
Design of a novel intelligent adaptive fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative controller for mitigation of seismic vibrations of a building equipped with an active tuned mass damper
Authors: Jafarzadeh Ommegolsoum , Sabetahd Rasoul , Mousavi Ghasemi Seyyed Arash , Zahrai Seyed Mehdi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of this study is to introduce a novel adaptive fractional order proportional–integral–derivative (FOPID) controller. The adaptive FOPID controller’s parameters are dynamically adjusted in real-time using five distinct multilayer perceptron neural networks. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to facilitate the parameter-tuning process. A multilayer perceptron neural network, trained using the error Backpropagation algorithm, is employed to identify the structural system and estimate the plant. The real-time estimated Jacobian is applied to the controller to control the model. The stability and robustness of the adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy neural networks controller are enhanced by utilizing the EKF and the feedback error learning strategy for compensator tuning. This improvement increases resilience against estimation errors, seismic disturbances, and unknown nonlinear functions. The primary objective is to address the challenges posed by maximum displacement, acceleration, and drift, as well as the uncertainties arising from variations in stiffness and mass. In order to validate the reliability of the proposed controller, the performance investigation is carried out on an 11-story building equipped with an active tuned mass damper under far and near-field earthquakes. Numerical findings show the remarkable effectiveness of the proposed controllers compared to their predecessors. In addition, it is revealed that the inclusion of the adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy neural networks compensator has increased the performance of the proposed controller and shows significant capabilities in reducing the seismic responses of structures during severe earthquake events.
Admittance-based equivalent circuit modeling of multi-patch piezoelectric energy harvesting plate
Authors: Simsek Mehmet , Aghakhani Amirreza , Basdogan Ipek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Harvesting energy from mechanical vibration using piezoelectric material is a common method to power small electronics and batteries. Implementation of multiple piezo-patches to plate-like structures increases the power capacity and frequency bandwidth of the energy harvester since multiple patches can capture more vibrational modes of the dense plate dynamics. To optimize the harvested electrical output using advanced harvesting circuits, equivalent circuit modeling (ECM) is a useful technique for representing the entire electromechanical system in circuit- simulator-software (LTspice). The ECM technique based on finite-element (FE) simulation has been used for plate-like structures with only one single-piezo-patch-harvester in the literature. However, when multiple patches are integrated into a plate-like structure, their coupling can cause charge cancelation, resulting in complex dynamics that cannot be handled by the existing ECM methods. This paper presents three new methodologies for extracting a multi-mode ECM of the harvesters (e.g.: multi-patch piezo-harvesters integrated into a plate), using an admittance-based system identification approach utilizing FE results. The first method incorporates the ECM of multi-patch harvester into a single ECM, so called OGC. It includes a circuit branch where multiple patches have only one ECM branch for each vibration mode, which requires less equivalent circuit elements and hence less computational cost. The second and third so-called respective ground uncoupled (RGU) and respective ground coupled (RGC) ECM methods generate circuit branches for each piezo-patch and for each vibration mode, whereby their electrical connection (e.g. parallel or series) is later configured in LTspice. The RGU method provides a general multi-patch modeling approach while RGC method provides ECM parameters for each patch simultaneously when they are all connected which is the case in network harvester analysis. The ECMs of parallel multi-patch harvesters are validated by system-level FE simulations. The proposed admittance-based ECM methods are reliable for deriving the system parameters of multi-patch harvesters.
SuperSIM: a comprehensive benchmarking framework for neural networks using superconductor Josephson devices
Authors: Zhu Guangxian , Kan Yirong , Zhang Renyuan , Nakashima Yasuhiko , Luo Wenhui , Takeuchi Naoki , Yoshikawa Nobuyuki , Chen Olivia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces SuperSIM, a benchmarking framework tailored for neural networks using superconducting Josephson devices, specifically focusing on Adiabatic Quantum Flux Parametron (AQFP) based Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures. Our framework offers in-depth architecture-level simulations and performance assessments to enhance AQFP PIM chip development. It supports single and multi-bit PIM designs, various AQFP memory cell types, and diverse clocking methods. Additionally, it integrates circuit-level models for precise energy, delay, and area measurements, ensuring accurate performance evaluation. The framework includes application, device, and architectural layers for versatile configurations and cycle-accurate energy, latency, and area simulations. Experiments validate our framework, with case studies on algorithm and architecture-level features, examining data precision, crossbar size, operating frequency and clocking scheme impacts on computational accuracy, energy use, overall latency and hardware cost.
Design and evaluation of β-Ga2O3 junction barrier schottky diode with p-GaN heterojunction
Authors: Than Phuc Hong , Than Tho Quang , Takaki Yasushi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A novel design for a junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diode based on a p-GaN/n-Ga2O3 heterojunction is proposed, exhibiting superior static characteristics and a higher breakdown capability compared to the traditional Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode (SBD). By utilizing wide-bandgap p-type GaN, the β-Ga2O3 JBS diodes demonstrate a turn-on voltage (V

on
) of approximately 0.8 V. Moreover, a breakdown voltage (V

br
) of 880 V and a specific on-resistance (R

on,sp
) of 3.96 mΩ·cm2 are achieved, resulting in a Baliga’s figure of merit (BFOM) of approximately 0.2 GW /cm 2. A forward current density of 465 A cm−2 at a forward voltage of 3 V is attained. The simulated reverse leakage current density remains low at 9.0 mA cm−2 at 800 V. Floating field rings, in conjunction with junction termination extension (JTE), were utilized as edge termination methods to attain a high breakdown voltage. The impact of β-Ga2O3 periodic fin width fluctuations on the electrical characteristics of JBS was investigated. Due to the enhanced sidewall depletion effect caused by p-type GaN, the forward current (I

F
) and reverse current (I

R
) decrease when the β-Ga2O3 periodic fin width decreases. The findings of this study indicate the remarkable promise of p-GaN/n-Ga2O3 JBS diodes for power device applications.
Non-polynomial spline method for computational study of reaction diffusion system
Authors: Haq Mehboob Ul , Haq Sirajul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This work addresses an efficient and new numerical technique utilizing non-polynomial splines to solve system of reaction diffusion equations (RDS). These system of equations arise in pattern formation of some special biological and chemical reactions. Different types of RDS are in the form of spirals, hexagons, stripes, and dissipative solitons. Chemical concentrations can travel as waves in reaction-diffusion systems, where wave like behaviour can be seen. The purpose of this research is to develop a stable, highly accurate and convergent scheme for the solution of aforementioned model. The method proposed in this paper utilizes forward difference for time discretization whereas for spatial discretization cubic non-polynomial spline is used to get approximate solution of the system under consideration. Furthermore, stability of the scheme is discussed via Von-Neumann criteria. Different orders of convergence is achieved for the scheme during a theoretical convergence test. Suggested method is tested for performance on various well known models such as, Brusselator, Schnakenberg, isothermal as well as linear models. Accuracy and efficiency of the scheme is checked in terms of relative error (E

R
) and L
∞ norms for different time and space step sizes. The newly obtained results are analyzed and compared with those available in literature.
Obtained Berry phase and cyclotron mass of Bi2Se3 topological insulator thin film through weak anti-localization and Shubnikov-de haas oscillation studies
Authors: Kander Niladri Sekhar , Gajar Bikash , Biswas Sajib , Moulick Shubhadip , Das Amal Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bi-based binary alloys have drawn enormous attention in modern condensed matter research for their novel topological property. Here, we have explored the quantum-transport properties of a 100 nm Bi2Se3 topological insulator thin film grown by an indigenously developed electron-beam-evaporator through co-deposition technique. A detailed study about the structural, elemental, and morphological analysis has been presented through the GI-XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, EDX, SEM, and AFM characterization. Finally, we have investigated the angle and temperature-dependent magneto-conductance properties of our deposited films, which indicate the surface-electron dominated quantum-transport has occurred. Interestingly, our Bi2Se3 film exhibits 2D weak anti-localization and Subnikov-de Hass oscillation features. From which some novel topological parameters are explored, such as, Berry phase (β), phase-coherence-length (l
ϕ
), Fermi velocity (vF), wave vector (kF), Dingle temperature (TD), quantum mobility (μ
q), and cyclotron mass (mc). The estimated β = 0.7π and mc = 0.17me, indicate that the topologically protected massless Dirac particles can be achieved in this kind of system.
Generation of a tripartite photonic state via a double-Λ configuration in a four-level system
Authors: Yang Jie , Yan Xiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Triphotons have a more abundant energy structure compared to biphotons. Furthermore, as the number of photons increases, excellent properties such as entangled multi-qubit states, high security, flexibility, and information capacity are observed. This leads to a growing demand for multi-body quantum information processing. Here, a method is proposed to generate a three-photon entangled state using a single six-wave mixing process in an atomic ensemble. The research examines the temporal correlation characteristics of the triphoton produced in photon coincidence counting measurements, with a focus on the linear and nonlinear susceptibilities of the six-wave mixing process. These properties primarily depend on the fifth-order nonlinear coupling coefficients responsible for the damping Rabi oscillations and the group delay determined by the longitudinal detuning function. To enhance the nonlinear interaction between the optical field and the atomic ensemble, placing the atomic ensemble in a high-quality cavity and utilizing laser cooling techniques to eliminate the internal Doppler broadening effect in the atomic gas hold promise.
Noise-induced transport in a periodic square-well potential
Authors: Benjamin Ronald 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate a thermal ratchet based on a Brownian particle in a spatially periodic square-well potential driven by a time-dependent square-wave signal. In this model, we rock the Brownian particle between two square-well potentials tilted in opposite directions to induce a net current. Employing the Stratonovich formula and an independent approach using suitable boundary conditions and a normalization condition, we obtain an exact expression for the current in the adiabatic limit, and we observe that there are optimal values of various parameters at which the current can be maximized. In several parameter regimes, our simple non-linear model displays a behavior distinct from some other models of a rocked ratchet. For example, a reversal in the current direction is observed as the square-wave signal’s amplitude or the thermal bath’s temperature is varied. However, under similar conditions, no such current reversal was seen in the case of a periodically rocked Brownian motor in a sawtooth or a smooth potential. Furthermore, unlike the latter type of rocked Brownian motors, the square-well model yields zero current in the deterministic limit, as thermal energy is indispensable for the functioning of the motor.
Optimizing mechanical behavior in polymer bio-composites reinforced with basalt, graphene, and PP-g-MA
Authors: Taghipoor Hossein , Mirzaei Jaber 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the mechanical properties of bio-composites reinforced with basalt natural fibers/nanographene in polypropylene by incorporating pp-g-ma compatibilizer. The study employs the Response Surface Method with the Behnken box approach to formulate a novel mathematical model for bio-composite behavior based on the parameters of basalt fiber weight percentage, nanographene weight percentage, and PP-g-MA weight percentage. Unlike previous studies, our work uniquely integrates basalt fibers and nanographene to enhance tensile, bending, and impact strengths, achieving a composite with optimal mechanical properties. The performance of the research samples was evaluated through tensile, bending, and impact tests, with the results substantiated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. The failure surface in these samples revealed that the central mechanism influencing the performance of the introduced bio-composite is the failure of the fibers and their separation, accompanied by the stretching of the fibers from the base material. Subsequently, multi-objective optimization was conducted with the aim of increasing tensile strength, bending strength, and impact strength while reducing the weight of the samples. A Pareto diagram is presented based on the design goals. The outcomes indicate that the bio-composite sample values in the most suitable state for three mechanical characteristics including, tensile, impact, and bending strength are equal to 28, 90, and 49 MPa, respectively. This innovative combination and optimization significantly improve performance metrics, demonstrated through extensive testing and multi-objective optimization, which reveals the bio-composite’s superior mechanical characteristics.