bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of FeSeO3F — Alternating Antiferromagnetic S= 5/2 Chains.
Authors: Hu Shichao , Johnsson Mats , Law Joseph M. , Bettis Jerry L. Jr. , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Kremer Reinhard K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSingle crystals of the new title compound are hydrothermally prepared from an aqueous mixture of FeF3 and SeO2 (autoclave, 230 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Structures and Physical Properties of Layered Oxyselenides Ba2MO2Ag2Se2 (M: Co, Mn).
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Wang Yumei , Jin Shifeng , Li Dandan , Lai Xiaofang , Ying Tianping , Zhang Han , Shen Shijie , Wang Wenjun , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe new title compounds are synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of BaO, Co or Mn, Ag, and Se (alumina crucibles, 400 °C for 15 h and 850 °C for 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature Ferrimagnetism Driven by Lattice Distortion in Double Perovskite Ca2FeOsO6.
Authors: Feng Hai L. , Arai Masao , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Tsujimoto Yoshihiro , Guo Yanfeng , Sathish Clastin I. , Wang Xia , Yuan Ya‐Hua , Tanaka Masahiko , Yamaura Kazunari 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe new title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of CaO2, Os, Fe2O3, and KClO4 (Pt capsule, 6 GPa, 1500 °C, 1 h) and characterized by synchrotron powder XRD, magnetic and electrical resistivity measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium Catalysts with Chiral Bicyclic Pyridine—Phosphane Ligands for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Olefins.
Authors: Quan Xu , Parihar Vijay Singh , Bera Milan , Andersson Pher G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSeveral iridium catalysts are synthesized and tested in hydrogenation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Modular C1‐Symmetric Chiral (P,N) Ligands with a Stereolabile P Center: Experimental and Theoretical Studies.
Authors: Humbert Nicolas , Larionov Evgeny , Mantilli Luca , Nareddy Pradeep , Besnard Celine , Guenee Laure , Mazet Clement 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSeveral chiral P,N‐ligands are synthesized and tested in two model reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Methylcyclohex‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diols Used in the Synthesis of Ampelomins and Deoxy‐carbasugars.
Authors: Lagreca Maria Eugenia , Carrera Ignacio , Seoane Gustavo A. , Brovetto Margarita 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn order to prepare intermediates for the synthesis of ampelomins and deoxy‐carbasugars reaction conditions are optimized for the stereoselective catalytic hydrogenation of methylcyclohex‐2‐ene derivatives (I) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PhICl2 and Wet DMF: An Efficient System for Regioselective Chloroformyloxylation/α‐Chlorination of Alkenes/α,β‐Unsaturated Compounds.
Authors: Liu Le , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei , Zhao Kang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis novel methodology provides convenient access to either regioselectively chloroformyloxylated products or α‐chlorinated olefinic products, depending on the type of structure of the original unsaturated starting material.
ChemInform Abstract: Scope and Limitation for FeSO4‐Mediated Direct Arylation of Heteroarenes with Arylboronic Acids and Its Synthetic Applications.
Authors: Komeyama Kimihiro , Nagao Yuya , Abe Manabu , Takaki Ken 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe FeSO4‐mediated direct arylation of heteroarenes with arylboronic acids in the presence of K2S2O8 is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Carbene Migratory Insertion: Application to the Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Alkenes and Dienes.
Authors: Wang Xi , Xu Yan , Deng Yifan , Zhou Yujing , Feng Jiajie , Ji Guojing , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe title reaction is developed as a new mild and straightforward method to prepare various trifluoromethylated alkenes and dienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Monofluoromethylation of O‐, S‐, N‐, and P‐Nucleophiles with PhSO(NTs)CH2F: The Accelerating Effect of α‐Fluorine Substitution.
Authors: Shen Xiao , Zhou Min , Ni Chuanfa , Zhang Wei , Hu Jinbo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractInterestingly, in contrast to the previously known detrimental effect of an α‐fluorine substitution on SN2 reactions, the presented monofluoromethylation is accelerated by the α‐fluorine substitution.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetylation of Alcohols with Acetic Anhydride Promoted by N,N,N‐Trimethylanilinium Tribromide.
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani A. , Shiri L. , Rostami A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAn efficient, simple, and environmentally friendly procedure for the acetylation of alcohols is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrol in Asymmetric SE′ Reactions of γ‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Williams David R. , Atwater Bruce A. , Bawel Seth A. , Ke Pucheng , Gutierrez Osvaldo , Tantillo Dean J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe presented reaction gives access to several homoallylic alcohols in high diastereoselectivities from chiral aldehydes and allyl compounds bearing chiral boron auxiliaries.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine(III)‐Mediated Cyclopropa(e)‐nation of Alkenes/Alkynes under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Lin Shaoxia , Li Mengru , Dong Zhiyong , Liang Fushun , Zhang Jingping 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCyclopropanation of olefines and cyclopropenation of alkynes by active methylene compounds in the presence of PhI(OAc)2 is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions of Isocyanides and Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylate in the Presence of 2‐Hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐2‐cyclopentene‐1‐one: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1‐Azadienes in Water.
Authors: Souldozi Ali , Balderlo Amir Hossein Pourasad 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA green, simple, and efficient method for the synthesis of 1‐azadienes (IV) under neutral conditions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Mediated Iron Catalyzed Dimerization of Terminal Aryl Alkynes: Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Midya Ganesh Chandra , Parasar Bibudha , Dhara Kalyan , Dash Jyotirmayee 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe regioselective dimerization of terminal aryl alkynes gives only head‐to‐head dimers.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Copper Oxide‐Catalyzed Barbier—Grignard Reaction of Unactivated Aryl or Alkyl Bromides with Ester.
Authors: Gao Fei , Deng Xiang‐Jun , Tang Yu , Tang Jin‐Peng , Yang Jun , Zhang Yuan‐Ming 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis methodology allows the highly chemoselective synthesis of a wide range of tertiary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzoquinone‐Promoted Aerobic Oxidative Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids in Water.
Authors: Cheng Guolin , Zeng Xiaobao , Cui Xiuling 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNotable advantages of the optimized protocol are the use of water as solvent in the presence of benzoquinone as catalyst under metal free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper(I/II)‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Nitro Esters to β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Xu Kun , Guo Fengfeng , Hu Yanbin , Zha Zhenggen , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIt is found that the Cu(I/II)‐catalyzed addition of nitro esters to unsaturated α‐ketoesters can be performed in good yields with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Amidation with N‐Hydroxycarbamates: A New Entry to N‐Carbamate‐Protected Arylamines.
Authors: Zhou Bing , Du Juanjuan , Yang Yaxi , Feng Huijin , Li Yuanchao 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAn unprecedented Rh(III)‐catalyzed direct intermolecular C—H amidation with N‐hydroxycarbamates is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Acetoxylation of Benzylic C—H Bonds Using a Bidentate Picolinamide Directing Group.
Authors: Cheng Tao , Yin Weiyu , Zhang Yi , Zhang Yingnan , Huang Yong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPicolinamide serves as a directing group in this Pd‐catalyzed acetoxylation of benzylic groups by PhI(OAc)2 and affords a wide range of different substituted 2‐amino benzyl alcohol analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Hydroxy‐1,10‐phenanthroline vs 1,10‐Phenanthroline: Significant Ligand Acceleration Effects in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Heck Reaction of Arenes.
Authors: Ying Cheng‐Hao , Yan Shao‐Bai , Duan Wei‐Liang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe products are obtained in high yields with meta‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides or Bromides with Aryl Formates.
Authors: Chen Guangwei , Leng Yuting , Yang Fan , Wang Shiwei , Wu Yangjie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAryl benzoate derivatives are efficiently obtained using aryl formates as carbonyl sources without the use of external carbon monoxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Sulfonylamidines by Catalyst‐Free Hydroamination of Ynamides and Amines.
Authors: Kong Yulong , Yu Lian , Cui Yuming , Cao Jian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlkyl amines react with ynamides under mild conditions, whereas aromatic amines require higher temperatures and the presence of triethylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Odorless One‐Pot Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfides from Organohalides, Thiourea, and Alkynes.
Authors: Feng Jie , Lu Guoping , Lv Meifang , Cai Chun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis method uses thiourea as an odorless sulfur source and proceeds generally with high Z‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Laccase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 5,6‐Dihydroxylated Benzo[b]furans and Catechol Derivatives, and Their Anticancer Activity.
Authors: Wellington Kevin W. , Qwebani‐Ogunleye Tozama , Kolesnikova Natasha I. , Brady Dean , de Koning Charles B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe reaction of catechol derivatives with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Smooth Isoindolinone Formation from Isopropyl Carbamates via Bischler—Napieralski‐Type Cyclization.
Authors: Adachi Satoshi , Onozuka Masao , Yoshida Yuko , Ide Mitsuaki , Saikawa Yoko , Nakata Masaya 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe conversion of compound (III) leads to the formation of side product (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Prenylation of Bromocarbazoles by Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cross Coupling — Synthesis of O‐Methylsiamenol, O‐Methylmicromeline and Carquinostatin A.
Authors: Thomas Claudia , Kataeva Olga , Schmidt Arndt W. , Knoelker Hans‐Joachim 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of bromocarbazoles with tert‐prenylboronate (II) proceeds with a complete inversion of the allyl system to provide access to O‐methylsiamenol (III), O‐methylmicromeline (V), and prenylcarbazole (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Directed Synthesis of Alkyl‐Substituted Pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,3,4,6‐tetraones.
Authors: Fedoseev S. V. , Ershov O. V. , Belikov M. Y. , Lipin K. V. , Nasakin O. E. , Tafeenko V. A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract5 Title compounds of type (III) are prepared from tetracyano compounds (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryl C—H Activation and Tandem ortho‐Hydroxylation/Alkoxylation of 2‐Aryl Benzimidazoles: Cytotoxicity and DNA‐Binding Studies.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Srinivasulu Vunnam , Sathish Manda , Tangella Yellaiah , Nayak V. Lakshma , Rao M. P. Narasimha , Shankaraiah Nagula , Nagesh Narayana 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe cytotoxicity of the products was investigated with some of the compounds being effective in selected human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Arylation or Aroylation of Benzothiazoles with Benzylic Alcohols and Aryl Ketones.
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Xiao‐Zhuan , Chen Shan‐Yong , Yu Xiao‐Qi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFeCl3 is demonstrated to be an efficient catalyst for the coupling reactions between benzothiazoles and benzylic alcohols or aryl methyl ketones in the presence of K2S2O8 as the terminal oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New 2,5‐Disubstituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles from 3‐(Arylsulfonyl)propanehydrazides.
Authors: Kumar L. Vinay , Naik P. Jagan , Naveen M. , Chandrasekhar T. , Reddy A. Babul , Penchalaiah N. , Swamy G. Narayana 
Published: June 2014

Abstract8 Title compounds of type (III) are prepared and screened for their antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Sequential Reaction for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted 3‐(3‐Nitro‐2‐phenylchroman‐4‐yl)‐3‐arylaminoacrylates.
Authors: Zhang Lili , Sun Jing , Yan Chaoguo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe title compounds (IV) (12 examples) are obtained with high diastereoselectivity and without any catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Amide‐Directed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Heteroarylation of Pyridines.
Authors: Shang Yaping , Jie Xiaoming , Zhao Huaiqing , Hu Peng , Su Weiping 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe use of aryl amido‐group as a directing one is crucial as no cross‐coupling products are obtained using methoxyderivatives or alkyl amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylation of Electron‐Poor Indolizines.
Authors: Koszarna Beata , Matczak Rafal , Krzeszewski Maciej , Vakuliuk Olena , Klajn Jan , Tasior Mariusz , Nowicki Jan T. , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe direct Pd‐catalyzed arylation of indolizines (III) bearing at least one electron‐deficient substituent at positions 1 and 2 is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxy‐3‐[(E)‐2‐(6‐substituted‐9H‐purin‐9‐yl)vinyl]coumarins as Lipoxygenase Inhibitors.
Authors: Kallitsakis Michael G. , Hadjipavlou‐Litina Dimitra J. , Peperidou Aikaterini , Litinas Konstantinos E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe newly synthesized compounds show significant lipoxygenase inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereocontrolled Access to γ‐Boronated Unsaturated Amino Esters and Derivatives from (Z)‐Alkenyl 1,2‐Bis(boronates).
Authors: Sridhar Tailor , Berree Fabienne , Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Carboni Bertrand 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNext to Suzuki couplings other subsequent transformations of the primary reaction products are demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile meso‐BODIPY Annulation and Selective Sensing of Hypochlorite in Water.
Authors: Manjare Sudesh T. , Kim Jin , Lee Yunho , Churchill David G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe described synthesis of aromatic substituted telluride and selenide compounds is supplemented with a plausible mechanism and the obtained products are successfully employed for selective hypochloride sensing by IR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Aphadilactones A—D, Four Diterpenoid Dimers with DGAT Inhibitory and Antimalarial Activities from a Meliaceae Plant.
Authors: Yue Jian‐Min , et al. et al. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAphadilactone C (Ib) is the strongest natural DGAT‐1 inhibitor discovered to date.
ChemInform Abstract: Thelepamide: An Unprecedented Ketide‐Amino Acid from Thelepus crispus, a Marine Annelid Worm.
Authors: Rodriguez Jaime , Nieto Rosa M. , Blanco Maria , Valeriote Frederick A. , Jimenez Carlos , Crews Phillip 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe title compound (I) shows modest activity against leukemia cells (IC50 = 5 μg/mL).
ChemInform Abstract: LC‐MS Guided Isolation of (.+‐.)‐Sweriledugenin A, a Pair of Enantiomeric Lactones, from Swertia leducii.
Authors: Geng Chang‐An , Chen Xing‐Long , Zhou Ning‐Jia , Chen Hao , Ma Yun‐Bao , Huang Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Chen Ji‐Jun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSweriledugenin A (I) is isolated as a pair of enantiomers which can be separated by chiral HPLC.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth of Alloy MoS2xSe2(1—x) Nanosheets with Fully Tunable Chemical Compositions and Optical Properties.
Authors: Pan Anlian , et al. et al. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAtomically thin, uniform MoS2xSe2(1‐x) nanosheets (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are deposited on Si substrates by a one‐step temperature gradient assisted chemical vapor deposition route using MoO3, sulfur, and selenium powder (830 °C, 8 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Composition Dependence of the Microstructure and Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe‐Based Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Alloys. A Review Study
Authors: Lashgari H. R. , Chu D. , Xie Shishu , Sun Huande , Ferry M. , Li S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractReview: 98 refs.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of compound SFDAC by intranasal administration of multiple escalating dose in healthy male subjects
Authors: Thennati Rajamannar , Khanna Aman , Khanna Mallika , Sonaiya Tushar , Mehta Tejas , Mehta Kalpana , Shahi Pradeep , Patel Jigneshkumar 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA novel corticosteroid compound (short form of IUPAC name: SFDAC) has been discovered by Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company (SPARC) Ltd. A randomized, observer‐blind, active‐controlled, parallel‐groups, intranasal multiple escalating dose study was conducted in healthy male subjects to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of compound SFDAC formulated as an aqueous suspension for intranasal administration. Intranasal sprays of SFDAC, active control fluticasone propionate (FP) and placebo were administered once in a day for 14 days as per randomization. Various clinical evaluations including 24‐hour serum cortisol and urinary free cortisol (UFC) profiles were carried out. Blood samples were collected at pre‐defined time‐points and analyzed using a validated chromatographic method for estimation of SFDAC and its metabolite. The results of the study indicate that multiple dose of SFDAC intranasal spray upto 3,200 µg is safe and tolerated. Clinically significant suppression of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis was not observed. The plasma concentration of SFDAC was found to be below the lower limit of quantification (LLQ) at most time‐points for all subjects. SFDAC M1 metabolite was detected only at picogram level in plasma. The safety and pharmacokinetic characteristics of SFDAC observed in this study support further clinical development of the SFDAC nasal spray.
Slide Fastener Reduction of Graphene‐Oxide Edges by Calcium: Insight from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Xie Sheng‐Yi , Li Xian‐Bin , Tian Wei Quan , Wang Dan , Chen Nian‐Ke , Han Dong , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe reduction of graphene oxide can be used as a simple way to produce graphene on a large scale. However, the numerous edges produced by the oxidation of graphite seriously degrade the quality of the graphene and its carrier transport property. In this work, the reduction of oxygen‐passivated graphene edges and the subsequent linking of separated graphene sheets by calcium are investigated by using first‐principles calculations. The calculations show that calcium can effectively remove the oxygen groups from two adjacent edges. The joining point of the edges serves as the starting point of the reduction and facilitates the reaction. Once the oxygen groups are removed, the crack is sutured. If the joining point is lacking, it becomes difficult to zip the separated fragments. A general electron‐reduction model and a random atom‐reduction model are suggested for these two situations. The present study sheds light on the reduction of graphene‐oxide edges by using reactive metals to give large‐sized graphene through a simple chemical reaction.
Enzymes in lipid modification: Past achievements and current trends
Authors: Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: June 2014

In this minireview, the application of enzymes for the modification of fats and oils is covered with special emphasis on lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of structured triglycerides. Furthermore, protein engineering methods to alter the fatty acid chain‐length or the trans‐fatty acid selectivity of lipase A from Candida antarctica and an enzymatic two‐step method to remove the contaminant 3‐monochloro‐1,2‐propane diol are presented. Also the combination of several enzymes enables cascade reactions to obtain products such as ω‐hydroxycarboxylic acids useful for oleochemistry and recently published achievements to produce valuable compounds by metabolic engineering of microorganisms as exemplified for PUFA or fatty acid esters starting from sugars as renewable resources are covered. Special emphasis is given on achievements made in the authors group.This review highlights developments in the field of enzymatic lipid modification covering the use of commercial enzymes, the design of lipases via protein engineering as well as recently established enzyme cascade reactions and examples for metabolic engineering to yield fatty acids and their derivatives.
Neighbouring Group Participation During Glycosylation: Do 2‐Substituted Ethyl Ethers Participate?
Authors: Cox Daniel J. , Singh Govind P. , Watson Andrew J. A. , Fairbanks Antony J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe development of new protecting groups that undergo neighbouring group participation (NGP) via six‐membered ring intermediates to promote the formation of α‐1,2‐cis glycosidic linkages complements the established use of 5‐ring NGP in terms of stereochemical outcome. A selection of glycosyl donors was synthesised that possessed novel 2‐iodo‐ and 2‐(phenylseleno)ethyl ether protecting groups in an attempt to promote highly α‐selective glycosylation by 6‐ring NGP. Although the fully armed donors produced α‐glucosides as the predominant reaction products, low‐temperature NMR studies did not show NGP by the observation of cyclised reaction intermediates. The corresponding disarmed glycosyl donors were unexpectedly less stereoselective. NMR spectroscopy revealed that the 2‐iodoethyl ether did not participate in any of the glycosylation processes; however, the 2‐(phenylseleno)ethyl ether did participate, and β‐configured cyclic intermediates were observed. The fact that considerable amounts of β‐glycoside product were formed in these latter cases indicated that the predominant reaction pathway to product did not occur through the observed cyclic species. Clearly, a fine balance exists during glycosylation reactions, and the reaction pathway to product depends on a variety of factors. Notably, the formation of cyclised intermediates by 6‐ring NGP is not on its own sufficient to ensure high levels of α‐stereoselectivity.
Detection of α‐Methylacyl‐CoA Racemase in Serum and Urine Using a Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Immunodetector
Authors: Wang Jiapeng , Yau Siu‐Tung 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe detection of α‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR), a novel biomarker for prostate cancer, is demonstrated in serum and urine using a novel immuno‐detection method. The detection system consists of a three‐electrode conventional electrochemical cell modified with a gating electrode for applying a gating voltage VG to the immune complex immobilized on the working electrode to provide signal amplification. The detection system is realized by integrating gating electrodes with screen‐printed electrodes. This detection method does not require involved sample preparation procedures. The detection was demonstrated in serum and urine samples on the nanogram/mL level with VG equal to 0.6 V. Detection in serum was also performed on the picogram/mL level with a limit of 100 picogram/mL with VG=0.6 V being a necessary condition.
Exergetic Approach to Investigate the Arrangement of Compressors of a Pipeline Boosting Station
Authors: Mohamadi‐Baghmolaei Mohamad , Tabkhi Firooz , Sargolzaei Javad 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDifferent arrangements of variable‐speed turbo‐compressor units in a pipeline boosting station are investigated by estimating the exergy destruction and exergetic efficiency; a thermodynamic method for quantifying irreversibility. Fuel consumption is determined by using the performance curves of compressors and turbines that are unique for each turbo‐compressor. Exergy destruction values of eight possible configurations, including coolers, are estimated for a specific station and result in the following values: 2.932 kg s−1 fuel consumption, 132.13 MW exergy destruction, and 99.4 MW exergetic efficiency for the optimum configuration. The case study is focused on the transmission of sour gas through a 56 inch (1 inch=2.54 cm) pipeline. Corresponding state theory within a simple virial equation of state is used to determine the effect of H2S and CO2. The results show that the exergetic efficiency of each configuration depends on the operating conditions and number of compressors in use. The optimum configuration depends on the station delivery flow rate and its compression ratio.