bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconceiving Domestic Burning Controls: Air Quality Alerts, Behavioural Responsive Regulation, and Designing for Compliance
Authors: Heydon James , Chakraborty Rohit , Patel Vibhuti , Wood Chantelle , Wood Matthew , Bunce Caitlin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDomestic combustion emissions pose a growing risk to public health, especially in the UK. Existing responses are polarised, with government advocating use of lower emission fuels and stoves while clean air campaigners call for blanket bans on burning. However, each approach is limited in its ability to control these emissions. An alternative can be found in the U.S.A., where ‘burn alert’ systems require stove and fireplace users to avoid lighting during periods of actual or projected poor air quality. Given the effectiveness of these regimes, the current study designs and evaluates the effectiveness and acceptability of a burn alert system in the UK for the first time, drawing on the theoretical perspective of behavioural responsive regulation. Fifty participants were recruited to use the system over 2 weeks in winter. The findings illustrate that a voluntary burn alert system can dissuade burning among users. Of those in receipt of an alert, 74% reduced burning frequency or burned for a shorter duration. In total, the alert system prevented at least 178 hours of burning for this group. Qualitative findings show that the consistency of the behavioural response is influenced by technical, structural, and environmental factors, providing key insight into how UK-based burn alert systems could be modified to increase the consistency of compliance in future. The overall conclusion is that burn alerts could be introduced in the UK and beyond, as a means of reducing domestic combustion emissions and their associated public health risks.
Proprioceptors of the human pericardium
Authors: Piermaier Lea M. , Caspers Svenja , Herold Christina , Wolf-Vollenbröker Michael , Brzoska Patrick , Bechler Eric , Filler Timm J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the human organism, all functions are regulated and, therefore, require a feedback mechanism. This control involves a perception of the spatial tensile state of cardiac tissues. The presence and distribution of respective proprioceptive corpuscles have not been considered so far. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the entire human fibrous pericardium was conducted to describe the presence of proprioceptors, their density, and distribution patterns. Eight human pericardial specimens gained from our body donation program were used to create a three-dimensional map of proprioceptors in the pericardium based on their histological and immunohistochemical identification. The 3D map was generated as a volume-rendered 3D model based on magnetic resonance imaging of the pericardium, to which all identified receptors were mapped. To discover a systematic pattern in receptor distribution, statistical cluster analysis was conducted using the Scikit-learn library in Python. Ruffini-like corpuscles (RLCs) were found in all pericardia and assigned to three histological receptor localizations depending on the fibrous pericardium’s layering, with no other corpuscular proprioceptors identified. Cluster analysis revealed that RLCs exhibit a specific topographical arrangement. The highest receptor concentrations occur at the ventricular bulges, where their size reaches its maximum in terms of diameter, and at the perivascular pericardial turn-up. The findings suggest that the pericardium is subject to proprioceptive control. RLCs record lateral shearing between the pericardial sublayers, and their distribution pattern enables the detection of distinct dilatation of the heart. Therefore, the pericardium might have an undiscovered function as a sensor with the RLCs as its anatomical correlate.
(Re)integrating radioactive materials and waste into a global sustainable development context
Authors: Wimmers Alexander , Böse Fanny , Beppler Jasmin , Morawe Pauline , Weber Maximilian , von Hirschhausen Christian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, established in 2015, aim to achieve global sustainability by 2030 through the improvement of environmental, social, and economic parameters. However, unlike earlier concepts such as the Agenda 21 of 1992, the SDGs overlook radioactive waste management and related challenges of radiation itself. First, we investigate the historic consideration and unexplained disappearance of radioactive waste in earlier sustainability concepts. Then, we propose amending seven SDGs to address this gap. For SDGs 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), 14 (Life Below Water), and 15 (Life on Land), new or revised indicators should monitor the release of hazardous materials. SDGs 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions), and 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) require additional targets and indicators to integrate international cooperation and social implications of nuclear facilities' operation. Redefining “hazardous waste” in SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and “environmentally sound technologies” in SDG 17 is necessary to encompass radioactive waste. Implementing these changes demands statistical efforts, but the existing monitoring infrastructure, particularly in Europe and North America, can facilitate this. As 2030 approaches, it is crucial to reintroduce radioactive waste management into sustainability agendas, whether within the SDGs themselves or in a subsequent framework.
Prediction of cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury using response to loop diuretic and urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin
Authors: Sullivan Emily , Melink Katherine , Pettit Kevin , Goldstein Stuart L. , Zang Huiayu , Ollberding Nicholas J. , SooHoo Megan , Alten Jeffrey A. , Stanski Natalja L. , Gist Katja M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) is common. Urine response to loop diuretic and urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (uNGAL) are separately associated with CS-AKI. We aimed to determine whether urine response to loop diuretic and uNGAL together were associated with postoperative day 2–4 CS-AKI.

Methods
Two-center prospective observational study (ages 0–18 years). uNGAL (8–12 h after admission) (ng/mL) and urine response to loop diuretic (6 h for bolus furosemide and 12 h for infusion bumetanide) (mL/kg/hr) were measured. All diuretic doses were converted to furosemide equivalents. The primary outcome was day 2–4 CS-AKI. Patients were sub-phenotyped using a priori cutoffs (uNGAL +  ≥ 100 ng/mL and UOP +  < 1.5 mL/kg/hr) and optimal cutoffs (uNGAL +  ≥ 127 ng/mL and UOP +  ≤ 0.79 mL/kg/hr): 1) uNGAL–/UOP–, 2) uNGAL–/UOP + , 3) uNGAL + /UOP–, and 4) uNGAL + /UOP + . Multivariable regression was used to assess the association of uNGAL, UOP and each sub-phenotype with outcomes.

Results
476 patients were included. CS-AKI occurred in 52 (10.9%). uNGAL was associated with 2.59-fold greater odds (95%CI: 1.52–4.41) of CS-AKI. UOP was not associated with CS-AKI. Compared with uNGAL + alone, uNGAL + /UOP + improved prediction of CS-AKI using a priori and optimal cutoffs respectively (AUC 0.70 vs. 0.75). Both uNGAL + /UOP + (IQR OR:4.63, 95%CI: 1.74–12.32) and uNGAL + /UOP– (IQR OR:5.94, 95%CI: 2.09–16.84) were associated with CS-AKI when compared with uNGAL–/UOP–.

Conclusions
uNGAL is associated with CS-AKI. The sub-phenotype association was largely driven by uNGAL. Future studies standardizing diuretic dose and timing may be needed to refine the combined performance for clinical decision making.

Graphical abstract
Addressing healthcare vulnerabilities in nursing homes
Authors: Komorowski Arkadiusz , Demmer Theresa Rahel , Auer Marianne , Schulze Marianne , Fischer Gabriele 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Background
Current demographic changes bear challenges for national care systems due to higher life expectancy of older citizens. Largely cut off from society, nursing home residents are at risk for violence, neglect, and other potential human rights violations. This study aimed to investigate healthcare vulnerabilities in nursing homes and evaluate the Austrian National Preventive Mechanism (NPM).

Methods
Between 2017 and 2019, 55 monitoring visits were conducted in 32 nursing homes. Study outcomes from two Austrian provinces included data on infrastructure, occupancy, staffing, resident’s demographics and medical conditions, as well as measures related to the functioning of the NPM.

Results
Accessibility with mobility aids was sufficient in 87%, but assistance for persons with visual or hearing impairments solely in 20–40% of the institutions. An understaffing with nursing assistants (−5.2 full-time equivalents in Carinthia) and home helpers (−1.6 in Carinthia and Styria) was present. Less than 20% of the personnel received advanced training related to dementia and neuropsychiatric care. While 50% of the residents were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, approximately 36% received support from an appointed legal guardian. Of the monitoring visits 58.1% were conducted due to anonymous complaints and urgent referrals. The median processing times of the NPM and the provincial governments exceeded 250 days.

Conclusion
Human rights monitoring reveals critical aspects in nursing home care, including insufficient accessibility, understaffing and inadequate training. Although the authorities’ handling times hinder prompt responses, the NPM may foster systemic improvements and accountability within nursing homes.
From text to multimodal: a survey of adversarial example generation in question answering systems
Authors: Yigit Gulsum , Amasyali Mehmet Fatih 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntegrating adversarial machine learning with question answering (QA) systems has emerged as a critical area for understanding the vulnerabilities and robustness of these systems. This article aims to review adversarial example-generation techniques in the QA field, including textual and multimodal contexts. We examine the techniques employed through systematic categorization, providing a structured review. Beginning with an overview of traditional QA models, we traverse the adversarial example generation by exploring rule-based perturbations and advanced generative models. We then extend our research to include multimodal QA systems, analyze them across various methods, and examine generative models, seq2seq architectures, and hybrid methodologies. Our research grows to different defense strategies, adversarial datasets, and evaluation metrics and illustrates the literature on adversarial QA. Finally, the paper considers the future landscape of adversarial question generation, highlighting potential research directions that can advance textual and multimodal QA systems in the context of adversarial challenges.
Route patterns of the collateral venous pathway in patients with tumors invading the superior sagittal sinus: an angiographic study and clinical applications
Authors: Jirawisan Pawit , Nunta-aree Sarun , Sitthinamsuwan Bunpot , Chankaew Ekawut 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChronic occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) by tumors in the midsagittal region causes the collateral venous pathway (CVP). Understanding common patterns of CVP is helpful in reducing surgical complications. This study aimed to investigate the CVP found in patients with SSS-invading tumors, and to provide information on the prevention of operative venous complications. From January 2015 to December 2022, this retrospective study collected patients with tumors that invaded the SSS and underwent digital subtraction angiography of intracranial vessels. Data collected included sex, age, tumor pathology, tumor location along the SSS, tumor side, degree of obstruction of the SSS, types and route patterns of the CVP, and the distance between the tumor and the diploic vein (DV). Twenty patients (6 males, 14 females) were recruited. The prevalence of CVP types was 90% for DV, 35% for end-to-end anastomosis of superficial cortical vein, 15% for meningeal vein, and 20% for other types of CVP. The pteriofrontoparietal and occipitoparietal diploic routes were found on the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the tumor significantly more than in the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the tumor. Of all patients with presence of collateral DV, 61% had a very close (less than 1 cm) distance between the nearest DV and tumor attachment in the SSS. DV in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the tumor was the most common type of CVP found in patients with tumor-induced SSS obstruction. Most of the collateral DV was located very close to the SSS tumor attachment. Neurosurgeons should realize these findings when planning a craniotomy.
Potential of blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to disturb whiteflies on the crop: a new push–pull strategy?
Authors: Athanasiadou Maria , Seger Robin , Meyhöfer Rainer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMass trapping can be a crucial component of a push–pull strategy, which involves deterrence of pests from a crop (push), while luring them toward an attractive source e.g., a trap (pull). In this study, we explored the effect of blue and blue + UV LEDs on the dispersal of greenhouse whiteflies settled on tomato plants (“push” factor) and the contribution of a yellow sticky trap (YST) and a green LED-enhanced YST (green LED trap) on their recapture after take-off (“pull” factor), in controlled conditions. In following scaling-up experiments in the greenhouse, we tested the effect of different blue spotlight arrangements and intensities on whitefly dispersal, in the presence of a green LED trap. Number of dispersed and trapped whiteflies was counted and the results revealed that blue and blue + UV LEDs increased the dispersed whiteflies by twofold compared to the control without deterrent LEDs and 87–90% of them were captured on a green LED trap. In the greenhouse, high-intensity blue spotlights (186 μmol/m2/s) deterred nearly 50% of whiteflies from the plants and more than half of them were recaptured, regardless the different arrangement of the blue spotlights. The green LED trap was at least twice as attractive as the YST, and in the greenhouse, it captured nearly 12 times more whiteflies in the presence of high-intensity deterrent blue spotlights, compared to the control. These findings provide significant implications for improving targeted whitefly control techniques and can lead to the development of new push–pull strategies.
Measurements of diffusion coefficient and kinetic diameter of acetone vapor via molecular tagging
Authors: Zhang Zongwei , Fratantonio Dominique , Barrot Lattes Christine , Rojas-Cardenas Marcos , Colin Stéphane 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Molecular Tagging (MT) technique is a promising methodology for locally measuring velocity and temperature fields in rarefied gas flows. Recently, Molecular Tagging Velocimetry (MTV) has been successfully applied to gas flows in mini-channels in the continuum regime at high pressure and early slip-flow regime at lower pressure. As the operating pressure decreases, diffusion effects become more pronounced, and in MTV, they hinder the extraction of the correct velocity profile by simply dividing the displacement profile of the tagged molecular line by time of flight. To address this issue, a reconstruction method that considers Taylor dispersion was previously developed to extract the velocity profile, considering the diffusion effects of the tracer molecules within the carrier gas. This reconstruction method successfully extracted the correct velocity profile in the continuum flow regime. However, the method still faces challenges in the slip-flow regime. Since there is currently no consensus in the literature regarding the kinetic diameter value of acetone vapor, the diffusion coefficient estimation is uncertain especially at low pressures. This is why, in this study, we propose an original optical method to measure the diffusion coefficient of acetone vapor. This is achieved by linking the temporal evolution of the spatial photoluminescence distribution of acetone vapor to the diffusion coefficient via the Chapman-Enskog theory. Our research provides measurements of these parameters for a wide range of pressures (0.5–10 kPa) at ambient temperature.
A review of evaluation approaches for explainable AI with applications in cardiology
Authors: Salih Ahmed M. , Galazzo Ilaria Boscolo , Gkontra Polyxeni , Rauseo Elisa , Lee Aaron Mark , Lekadir Karim , Radeva Petia , Petersen Steffen E. , Menegaz Gloria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) elucidates the decision-making process of complex AI models and is important in building trust in model predictions. XAI explanations themselves require evaluation as to accuracy and reasonableness and in the context of use of the underlying AI model. This review details the evaluation of XAI in cardiac AI applications and has found that, of the studies examined, 37% evaluated XAI quality using literature results, 11% used clinicians as domain-experts, 11% used proxies or statistical analysis, with the remaining 43% not assessing the XAI used at all. We aim to inspire additional studies within healthcare, urging researchers not only to apply XAI methods but to systematically assess the resulting explanations, as a step towards developing trustworthy and safe models.
A hybrid potential flow model for shedding flow around a circular cylinder
Authors: Matheswaran Vijay , Miller L. Scott 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA Hybrid Potential Flow (HPF) model for flow around a circular cylinder in the subcritical Reynolds number range ($$300 \le Re \le 3\times 10^5$$

300
≤
R
e
≤
3
×

10
5

) is developed using a combination of elementary flow solutions and empirical data. By joining this developed near-body solution with von Karman’s model for the vortex wake, a complete solution for flow around a circular cylinder is calculated. Results for oscillatory forces, including the transverse lift force, due to vortex shedding as well as shedding frequencies are then calculated and presented. With the complete solution for flow around a cylinder calculated, the HPF model can be used as a step to calculate the flow around other bluff bodies using conformal mapping, an approach that has been developed and presented by the authors in a related paper.
Usefulness of empiric superior vena cava isolation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Mariani Marco Valerio , Palombi Marta , Jabbour Jean Pierre , Pierucci Nicola , Cipollone Pietro , Piro Agostino , Chimenti Cristina , Miraldi Fabio , Vizza Carmine Dario , Lavalle Carlo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The long-term success rate of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is suboptimal due to the presence of non-pulmonary vein (PV) foci that can trigger atrial fibrillation (AF) in up to 11%. Among non-PV triggers, the superior vena cava (SVC) is a major site of origin of ectopic beats initiating AF.

Objective
To compare data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing PVI + empiric SVC isolation (SVCI) versus PVI alone in terms of AF recurrence, procedure-related complications, and fluoroscopic and procedural times.

Methods
A search of online scientific libraries (from inception to April 1, 2024) was performed. Four RCTs were considered eligible for the meta-analysis totaling 600 patients of whom 287 receiving PVI + SVCI and 313 receiving PVI alone.

Results
In the overall population, SVCI + PVI was associated with a non-significant reduction of AF recurrence at follow-up (0.66 [0.43;1.00], p = 0.05, I
2 0%). In patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF), a significant reduction of AF recurrence was related to SVCI + PVI (11.7%) as compared to PVI alone (19.9%) (0.54 [0.32;0.92], p = 0.02, I
2 0%). No statistical differences were found among the groups in terms of fluoroscopic (3.31 [− 0.8;7.41], p = 0.11, I
2 = 91%), procedural times (5.69 [− 9.78;21.16], p = 0.47, I
2 = 81%), and complications (1.06 [0.33;3.44], p = 0.92, I
2 = 0%).

Conclusion
The addition of SVCI to PVI in patients in PAF is associated with a significant lower rate of AF recurrence at follow-up, without increasing complication rates and procedural and fluoroscopy times.

Graphical Abstract
Personal Growth Initiative: Relation to Coping Styles, Strategies, and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Weigold Ingrid K. , Weigold Arne , Dykema Stephanie A. , Drakeford Naomi M. , Ethridge Emily T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPersonal growth initiative (PGI) refers to active and intentional participation in the growth process. PGI includes behavioral and cognitive skills and attitudes that are captured by four factors: Readiness for Change, Planfulness, Using Resources, and Intentional Behavior. There is substantial evidence supporting the positive relations between PGI and various domains of well-being. However, a lack of nuance regarding how the four facets of PGI differentially relate to other aspects of optimal functioning, such as coping, persists. Additionally, PGI has been theoretically tied to coping, but there is limited empirical evidence substantiating this link. Thus, the current study examined the relations between PGI and coping styles, strategies, and self-efficacy in a sample of 789 college students through a series of three canonical correlations. The findings indicated different combinations of the four aspects of PGI related significantly to 13 coping styles, three coping strategies, and three forms of coping self-efficacy. These findings have implications for both the theory and operationalization of PGI, such as the viability of the four separate aspects of PGI, as well as for the application of PGI and coping in college settings, including the development of trainings to increase PGI and adaptive aspects of coping.
Endometabolic profiling of pigmented glacier ice algae: the impact of sample processing
Authors: Peter Elisa K. , Jaeger Carsten , Lisec Jan , Peters R. Sven , Mourot Rey , Rossel Pamela E. , Tranter Martyn , Anesio Alexandre M. , Benning Liane G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Glacier ice algae, mainly Ancylonema alaskanum and Ancylonema nordenskiöldi, bloom on Greenland Ice Sheet bare ice surfaces. They significantly decrease surface albedo due to their purple-brown pigmentation, thus increasing melt. Little is known about their metabolic adaptation and factors controlling algal growth dynamics and pigment formation. A challenge in obtaining such data is the necessity of melting samples, which delays preservation and introduces bias to metabolomic analysis. There is a need to evaluate the physiological response of algae to melting and establish consistent sample processing strategies for metabolomics of ice microbial communities.

Objectives
To address the impact of sample melting procedure on metabolic characterization and establish a processing and analytical workflow for endometabolic profiling of glacier ice algae.

Methods
We employed untargeted, high-resolution mass spectrometry and tested the effect of sample melt temperature (10, 15, 20 °C) and processing delay (up to 49 h) on the metabolome and lipidome, and complemented this approach with cell counts (FlowCam), photophysiological analysis (PAM) and diversity characterization.

Results and Conclusion
We putatively identified 804 metabolites, with glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids and fatty acyls being the most prominent superclasses (> 50% of identified metabolites). Among the polar metabolome, carbohydrates and amino acid-derivatives were the most abundant. We show that 8% of the metabolome is affected by melt duration, with a pronounced decrease in betaine membrane lipids and pigment precursors, and an increase in phospholipids. Controlled fast melting at 10 °C resulted in the highest consistency, and is our recommendation for future supraglacial metabolomics studies.