bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chavigny au XVIIIe siècle : un village à l'apogée de la civilisation rurale en Lorraine
Authors: Bonnefont Jean-Claude 
Published: February 2015

Le présent article décrit dans tous ses aspects la vie d'un village lorrain, à partir de documents d'archives originaux.
Le XVIIIe siècle est d'abord pour Chavigny une période d'expansion : la population croît de façon d'abord très rapide, puis plus lentement à partir de 1760, à mesure qu'elle commence à vieillir et que les départs l'emportent sur les arrivées. Pour loger ses nouveaux habitants, le village se développe de façon linéaire, d'abord vers l'aval le long de la route existante, puis vers l'amont en suivant le nouveau tracé de la chaussée postérieur à 1750.
Deux institutions traditionnelles encadrent la vie des habitants : la municipalité et la paroisse. Les fonctions municipales sont électives, la rotation des maires et des syndics est rapide, seules les fonctions d'exécution sont exercées pendant de nombreuses années. Aucune famille ne domine, on peut parler d'une véritable démocratie rurale. La paroisse est administrée par un vicaire dépendant de Chaligny. Elle connaît un début de siècle difficile, mais profite ensuite de la prospérité générale et s'épanouit dans son église neuve, bâtie en 1773.
La vie rurale se déroule dans le cadre fixé par la tradition. La topographie du village fait que les terres les plus favorables aux labours sont peu étendues et localisées à la périphérie. Au contraire, le versant sur lequel le village est bâti se prête bien à la culture de la vigne et aux vergers. Au cours du XVIIIe siècle, le vignoble prend de plus en plus d'importance et parallèlement, les vignerons l'emportent très largement sur les laboureurs, dont le nombre n'augmente pas.
La société villageoise frappe par son caractère de grande homogénéité : nobles et bourgeois sont absents ; vignerons et laboureurs, qui ne sont que de petits ou moyens propriétaires, se distinguent peu des artisans, qui sont leurs parents ou leurs voisins ; le prolétariat des manouvriers n'est formé que de nouveaux venus, qui ne tardent pas à acquérir des vignes ou à exercer un métier, pour se fondre dans le groupe des artisans et des vignerons. La richesse se répand peu à peu, au prix d'un travail acharné et grâce à une instruction largement répandue. Les conditions sont certes inégales, mais aucune barrière infranchissable ne sépare les riches et les pauvres.
Contribution à l'étude géographique des frontières : le cas de la Hongrie
Authors: Rosière Stéphane 
Published: February 2015

The boundaries of Hungary : a geographieal study. The geographieal approach of boundaries may consider the location of the border-line, the type of its support (natural or artificial) and its permeability towards flux. The number of trespassing points on the border- line allows to calculate a permeability-rate for each section of the border-line. This rate is calculated by dividing the number of crossing points on a section of the border (dyade) and is exprimated as an average number for 100 kilometers of borders. For long contested by the Hugarians, this line was recognized in 1947 (Treaty of Paris), reaffirmed in 1975 (Helsinski), then confirmed by bilatéral treaties that Hungarian, signed with most of its neighbours between 1991 and 1996. The frontiers of Hungary are largely artificiel since they rarely coincide with clear topographie or hydrographie features : (The flow of people crossing the border was not high and concentrated at a small number of points).
Howewer, the long-time, indiffèrent permeability of the border is improving. The number of crossing points is being constantly augmented, passing 54 (without ports and airports) in 1987 to 80 in 1997. Nevertherless, this significant increase poses problems (for the Hungarians) of effective contrai of its borders in the context of its links with the European Union.
Reprogramming of Monocytes by GM-CSF Contributes to Regulatory Immune Functions during Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Däbritz Jan , Weinhage Toni , Varga Georg , Wirth Timo , Walscheid Karoline , Brockhausen Anne , Schwarzmaier David , Brückner Markus , Ross Matthias , Bettenworth Dominik , Roth Johannes , Ehrchen Jan M. , Foell Dirk 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Human and murine studies showed that GM-CSF exerts beneficial effects in intestinal inflammation. To explore whether GM-CSF mediates its effects via monocytes, we analyzed effects of GM-CSF on monocytes in vitro and assessed the immunomodulatory potential of GM-CSF–activated monocytes (GMaMs) in vivo. We used microarray technology and functional assays to characterize GMaMs in vitro and used a mouse model of colitis to study GMaM functions in vivo. GM-CSF activates monocytes to increase adherence, migration, chemotaxis, and oxidative burst in vitro, and primes monocyte response to secondary microbial stimuli. In addition, GMaMs accelerate epithelial healing in vitro. Most important, in a mouse model of experimental T cell–induced colitis, GMaMs show therapeutic activity and protect mice from colitis. This is accompanied by increased production of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, and decreased production of IFN-γ in lamina propria mononuclear cells in vivo. Confirming this finding, GMaMs attract T cells and shape their differentiation toward Th2 by upregulating IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 in T cells in vitro. Beneficial effects of GM-CSF in Crohn’s disease may possibly be mediated through reprogramming of monocytes to simultaneously improved bacterial clearance and induction of wound healing, as well as regulation of adaptive immunity to limit excessive inflammation.
Hair Mercury Levels in Periodontal Patients in Comparison with Healthy Individuals
Authors: Khafri Soraya , Roushan Hamidreza Hasanjani , Parsian Hadi , Alijannia Ramin , Mosapour Abbas 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The clinical manifestation of periodontal diseases (such as gingivitis and chronic periodontitis) results from a complex interplay between the etiologic agents such as bacteria that present in the dental plaque, genetic factors, systemic diseases, smoking and exposure of some heavy metals, such as mercury. In this study, we aimed to evaluate hair mercury levels in healthy subjects in comparison with periodontal patients.

Materials and methods
One hundred twenty subjects were enrolled in this study. The included persons were divided into 3 groups: healthy subjects (n = 40), gingivitis (n = 40) and chronic periodontitis patients (n = 40). Hair samples were collected from occipital area of head. Total mercury levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Results
The difference between mercury levels in three groups were statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Mercury level in periodontitis patients was greater than the gingivitis group (p-value < 0.001). In addition the differences between mercury levels in periodontitis patients vs healthy individuals was significant (p-value = 0.048). The gingivitis patients had lower levels of mercury than the control group, but the difference was not significant (p-value = 0.170).

Conclusion
The results showed that the levels of mercury are to some extent differed in periodontal diseases in comparison with the healthy individuals. A study with larger sample size is needed for clarification of this issue.

How to cite this article
Roushan HH, Parsian H, Alijannia R, Mosapour A, Khafri S. Hair Mercury Levels in Periodontal Patients in Comparison with Healthy Individuals. World J Dent 2014;5(3):166-169.
Recent Graduates’ Perspective of Bachelors of Dental Surgery Program at KKU, College of Dentistry, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Report
Authors: Togoo Rafi Ahmad , Al-Shahrani Ibrahim , Syed Sadatullah 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
This questionnaire survey of recent graduates was carried to find out the strengths and weaknesses of the undergraduate training program for dentists at the King Khalid University College of Dentistry (KKU/COD), Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire focussed on seven key areas of interest to a pioneer dental school, in a region where many patients are visiting the dentist for the first time. Almost all the graduates surveyed returned completed questionnaires (99% response rate). Study was conducted at the end of the internship year.
Respondents were generally satisfied with the quality of their training, skills acquired, the adequacy of tools of training (clinical and laboratory equipment). Training was also adjudged relevant and adequate for future practice as General Dental Practitioners. Most of the respondents planned to undergo postgraduate training in a dental specialty after the internship year. Two areas of weakness were cited by survey participants—inadequate patients and patient referral system, clinical support staff-related issues. Much more was expected of faculty and support staff than the program provided during their training.
It is hoped that findings of this survey will be considered along with other on-going evaluations of the KKU/COD program in the continuous improvement of the BDS training.

How to cite this article
Al-Shahrani I, Togoo RA, Syed S. Recent Graduates’ Perspective of Bachelors of Dental Surgery Program at KKU, College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia: A Report. World J Dent 2014;5(3):174-179.
Osteosarcoma of Mandible: A Rare Report with Literature Review
Authors: Paul George , Sekar B , Augustine Dominic , Ramesh Maya , Murali S 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a commonly encountered bone malignancy. It is an aggressive lesion which usually follows a fatal course. Osteosarcoma of jaw bones are rare, representing only 4 to 8% of all osteosarcomas which makes this case interesting to report. A case of OS affecting the mandible of a 35-year-old male which is rare is presented here along with literature review.

How to cite this article
Augustine D, Ramesh M, Murali S, Sekar B, Paul G. Osteosarcoma of Mandible: A Rare Report with Literature Review. World J Dent 2014;5(3):190-192.
Results of a School-Based Evidence-Based Practice Initiative
Authors: Cahill Susan M. , Egan Brad E. , Wallingford Minetta , Huber-Lee Cheryl , Dess-McGuire Margret 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To investigate the effects of a 17-mo initiative designed to increase practitioners’ knowledge and skills related to evidence-based practice (EBP) in the schools.
METHOD. We evaluated participants’ EBP knowledge and skills at pretest and posttest using the Adapted Fresno Test (AFT) and collected their perceptions through a survey.
RESULTS. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in their EBP knowledge and skills after participating in this initiative as measured by changes in AFT scores. A significant difference was noted in scores between pretest (μ = 43.9, SD = 32.67) and posttest (μ = 74.66, SD = 33.99), t(28) = −5.645, p &lt; .001.
CONCLUSION. This initiative was influential in increasing school-based practitioners’ EBP knowledge and skills.
Patients With Brain Tumors: Who Receives Postacute Occupational Therapy Services?
Authors: Chan Vincy , Xiong Chen , Colantonio Angela 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Data on the utilization of occupational therapy among patients with brain tumors have been limited to those with malignant tumors and small samples of patients outside North America in specialized palliative care settings. We built on this research by examining the characteristics of patients with brain tumors who received postacute occupational therapy services in Ontario, Canada, using health care administrative data. Between fiscal years 2004–2005 and 2008–2009, 3,199 patients with brain tumors received occupational therapy services in the home care setting after hospital discharge; 12.4% had benign brain tumors, 78.2% had malignant brain tumors, and 9.4% had unspecified brain tumors. However, patients with benign brain tumors were older (mean age = 63.3 yr), and a higher percentage were female (65.2%). More than 90% of patients received in-home occupational therapy services. Additional research is needed to examine the significance of these differences and to identify factors that influence access to occupational therapy services in the home care setting.
Gateways: Expanding knowledge through broader participation
Authors: Nyden Phil , Ashton Paul , Davis Julie , Krogh Marilyn , Miller Reuben , O'Loughlin Pauline , Van Zytveld David 
Published: February 2015

This new journal, Gateways: International Journal of Community
Research and Engagement, responds to a growing global movement
of university-collaborative research initiatives. It also strives to fill a
gap created by the sparse number of journals which publish
outcomes of community-engaged research and work concerning
community engagement. We seek articles based on research that is
the result of actively engaged research-practitioner collaborative
projects, has the potential of informing community-based activities or
develops understanding of community engagement. Combining
different knowledge bases that have traditionally been separated into
academic and non-academic worlds can dramatically increase
information flowing to scholars, community leaders and activists
seeking to improve the quality of life in local communities around the
world. We also wish to encourage work that contributes to the
scholarship of engagement.
The Cell-Life Project: Converging technologies in the context of HIV/AIDS
Authors: Rivett Ulrike , Tapson Jonathan 
Published: February 2015

This article presents the development of a technology initiative called Cell-Life which addresses the need for information management in the HIV/AIDS sector. Cell-Life started in 2001 as a research collaboration between staff of the Engineering Faculties at the University of Cape Town (UCT) and the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT). Based on the need to support the primary health care sector in providing sustainable treatment options for HIV+ people in under-resourced and rural areas, converging technologies were identified as a possible solution for creating a ‘virtual infrastructure’ between the patient and the medical staff.
In 2003 the Government of South Africa clarified in its operational plan for HIV/AIDS that anti-retroviral treatment (ART) increased life expectancy of people living with AIDS. It also highlighted that provision of anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) required the regular assessment of the compliance rate to the treatment plan in order to avoid side effects and multiple resistant strains. For under-resourced primary health care centres in disadvantaged areas, HIV/AIDS treatment, and particularly the requirement to monitor patients regularly, became a near impossible task.
Cell-Life investigated the use of readily available information and communication technologies to support the provision and distribution of medication, continuous patient monitoring, and communication of relevant data. By combining open source software, cellular technologies and a new approach to software design, a variety of solutions were developed that would take cognisance of the context of HIV/AIDS support and treatment across the country.
In 2006 Cell-Life became a not-for-profit organisation and was spun out of the University of Cape Town. The organization currently implements Information Communication Technology (ICT) systems that (as of late 2009) manage the dispensation of ARVs to approximately 70 000 patients, representing one-sixth of South Africans on state- or donor-sponsored ART. This article reflects on the development of Cell-Life as a case study for one of the first socially responsible research projects in the Engineering field at UCT and highlights some of the challenges, enablers and barriers experienced.
It’s the Basement Stories, not the Belt: Lessons from a community-university knowledge mobilisation collaboration
Authors: Phipps David , Zanotti Daniele 
Published: February 2015

Since 2006, United Way of York Region and York University have been collaborating to support community-university knowledge mobilisation and research collaborations that serve the human service needs of citizens in York Region. Ours is a sustained and sustainable community-university collaboration. What makes us sustainable? Certainly there is no single sustainability panacea (‘do this and you to will have a sustainable community-university collaboration’) but, in general, if you pay attention to the little details, the big things (like sustainability) will take care of themselves. Looking back we realise that the journey (our evolving collaboration) is more important than the destination (sustainability). We share our journey by interpreting a story about a family trip one of us (Daniele) made to see relatives. What happened when Daniele visited his relatives is an allegory for our community-university knowledge mobilisation story and is instructive for those forging community-university collaborations. We illustrate each of the lessons with examples from our experience.

Keywords
Community-university collaboration, knowledge mobilisation, shared history, evolution of partnership, sustainability
Sustaining Community-University Collaborations: The Durham University Model
Authors: Russell Andrew , Cattermole Andy , Hudson Ray , Banks Sarah , Armstrong Andrea , Robinson Fred , Pain Rachel , Gollan Sharon , Brown Greg 
Published: February 2015

Durham University has initiated a community outreach and engagement program based on an evolving multifaceted model. This article analyses the components of the model and looks at how our work at Durham has become increasingly embedded in the structures and processes of the university as it has developed. The strengths and weaknesses in what has been achieved are highlighted, as is the future vision for the further development of this innovative community-university program.

Keywords
Public engagement; community partnerships; employer supported volunteering; corporate social responsibility
Building Castles Together: A sustainable collaboration as a perpetual work-in-progress
Authors: Vazquez Jacobus Michelle , Baskett Robert , Bechstein Christina 
Published: February 2015

The Building Castles Together project is a multidisciplinary collaboration between the University of Southern Maine at Lewiston-Auburn College and Sandcastle Clinical and Educational Services that aims to build solidarity and resilience in vulnerable young children, their families and their community. This article explores how the partnership exemplifies five key areas impacting the sustainability of community-university collaborations. 1) Mutuality and reciprocity are foundational elements in establishing trust and ensuring project relevance to both organisations. 2) Interdisciplinarity and diversity are constructs related to the core mission of both the University and Sandcastle. The multiple perspectives offer a range of holistic strategies for addressing complex social problems, but also create the potential for misunderstandings between disciplines and organisations. 3) Community integration at multiple levels is critical to the partnership’s sustainability as well as to achievement of its ideals. 4) Dynamic interaction is an evolutionary process, both internal and external to both organisations, that impacts their relative contributions and necessitates flexibility in planning and outcomes. 5) Asset enhancement describes the potential to increase capacity, but also the concern for overextension and resource exhaustion. We conclude that sustainability in university-community partnerships is not a goal in itself, but an ongoing process, and an attribute of a partnership based on common principles, continuous input and constant change.

Keywords
Community-university partnership, sustainability, diversity, vulnerable youth
Fetal Nerve Cell Transplantation in Early Post-Resuscitation Period in Rats
Authors: Tazhibayeva Damira , Olzhayev Farkhad , Kadbudalieva Natalya , Aitbayeva Zhaina , Zaripova Lina 
Published: February 2015

Introduction. Fetal cell transplantation is a promising biomedical approach for disease treatment; however, the use of fetal cell therapy is still experimental. This research was deemed a necessity to provide evidence-based research for the application of cell transplantation as a treatment method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fetal nerve cell transplantation in rat survivors (and non-survivors) after clinical death by mechanical asphyxia.Methods. 68 white laboratory rats were divided into two groups of identical age and sex: a control group of 12-month adult male rats (n = 26) and an experimental group (n = 42). Rats were fixed under ether anesthesia. We then blocked the oral and nasal regions with cotton wool soaked in saline solution. A four-minute clinical death though acute mechanical asphyxia was simulated by applying the method of N. Shim. After the 4-minute clinical death, we resuscitated the rats using external cardiac massage and artifical respiration. Suspension of the fetal nerve cells was injected intraperitoneally at 1mm3 per 25g at the time of cardiac activity restoration. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were examined in the homogenate cerebral cortex of reanimated animals. We recorded the survival rate during the post-resuscitation period and analyzed the integrative brain functions using anxiety-phobic status and latent inhibition.Results. After fetal nerve cell transplantation, the enzymatic reactions in the experimental group became normal with a significant decrease in LDH and an increase in CPK levels compared to the control group. In the control group, 10 rats died and 16 lived (62% survival rate), while 7 rats died and 35 lived (83% survival rate) in the experimental group during the first 7 days. Rats that did not receive the treatment tended to die sooner than those in the experimental group. As a result of transplantation, the anxiety level in the experimental group was less than in the control group. Moreover, cell therapy improved the reflexes in the experimental animals. Conclusions. The study revealed the positive neuroprotective effect of the fetal nerve cells on the recovery in the early post-resuscitation period. This was confirmed by the normalization of enzymatic reactions, improvement reflective activity, and increase in the survival rate of the resuscitated animals in the group treated with fetal nerve cell transplantation. These findings warrant future research on the mechanisms associated with reflex improvement.
The action of Metaloproteinases in the Atherosclerotic Diseases
Authors: Fonseca Álvaro Luís Müller da , Lima Fernanda Washington de Mendonça , Couto Ricardo David 
Published: February 2015

Cardiovascular diseases represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and are epidemic events involving the atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease in particular. There are a wide variety of factors and markers associated with the development and aggravation of these diseases, including atherosclerosis. Subclinical Atherosclerosis can be determined by serum inflammatory markers present in the atherogenic process. Such markers can take a direct or indirect indicator role on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The extracellular matrix metalloproteinases are biomarkers closely related into modifying and remodeling of vascular wall and other tissues and can represent predictive value patterns to support diagnosis. This review discusses the function and types of matrix metalloproteinases and its use as an indicator of support for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis.