bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Couples’ perceptions and experience of smartphone-assisted CenteringPregnancy model in southeast of China: a dyadic analysis of qualitative study
Authors: Lin Huimin , Guo Shengbin , Zheng Qingxiang , Liu Xiuwu , Hu Anfen , Zeng Jing , Liu Guihua 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to describe couples’ experiences and perceived barriers to participation in the CenteringPregnancy model in southeast of China and to understand whether smartphones could play a potential role in this model.DesignThis study employed a descriptive phenomenological qualitative study using semistructured dyadic interviews with women and their partners. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic analysis.SettingThis study was conducted in two pilot prenatal clinics in southern China.ParticipantsA purposive sample of 13 couples who underwent smartphone-assisted CenteringPregnancy were recruited. Data were collected until saturation through semistructured dyadic interviews between December 2022 and March 2023.ResultsThe study yielded four primary themes: (1) motivation for participation, (2) acceptance of CenteringPregnancy, (3) barriers and suggestions and (4) support for smartphone use of CenteringPregnancy.ConclusionsCenteringPregnancy was well received by couples. Couples can access additional medical care and engage in intensive social interactions assisted by smartphones. However, certain objective challenges need to be acknowledged, including inadequate activity space, high demand for knowledge by couples and inflexible time for employed partners. Moreover, the risk that smartphones can lead to false expectations among couples needs to be noted.
Development and evaluation of scenario-based e-simulation for humanitarian health training: a mixed-methods action research study
Authors: Bahattab Awsan Abdullah Saeed , Zain Omar , Linty Monica , Amat Camacho Nieves , Von Schreeb Johan , Hubloue Ives , Della Corte Francesco , Ragazzoni Luca 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop and evaluate a scenario-based e-simulation (SBES) to address the limited avilability of accessible and practical training for humanitarian public health responders. The objectives included SBES customisation, effectiveness evaluation, and identifying learning-enhancing design elements.DesignA university-based, mixed-methods action research design.SettingThe study was conducted at an international university’s academic centre in Italy, and at a university-based master’s programme in Yemen.ParticipantsThe study involved 20 multidisciplinary global health and education experts and 66 international medical and health sciences students.ResultsBetween September 2020 and July 2022, four SBES modules were developed, implemented and evaluated using a rapid prototype model. The modules, which targeted health professionals new to or with limited experience in the humanitarian field, included health needs assessment, essential health services, communicable diseases and health system. Formative evaluation improved the design and implementation of the SBES, which was found to be effective in the summative evaluation, evident from positive student reactions (the overall mean satisfaction rate was 6.03 out of 7, 95% CI 5.95 to 6.47) and the significant improvement in knowledge scores (p<0.001, effect size: 1.179). The identified effective design of SBES includes overlapping elements among content, strategy and technology. Poor internet access was recognised as a potential barrier to delivering the training in the humanitarian context, highlighting the need to develop an offline version in the next phase.ConclusionThe developed SBES met the training needs of the academic institution involved. The study findings will contribute to advancing future SBES training initiatives for disaster medicine and global health. Further studies are recommended to evaluate and address the challenges associated with SBES implementation beyond the study setting.
Effects of e-educational programmes among older adults with non-communicable diseases: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yin Zhimin , Sun Ruifen , He Rong , Liu Hongda , Yuan Zixian , Huang Tongping , Zhang ZuoQin , Zhao Jie 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and NCDs account for 61.4% of all disability-adjusted life years worldwide. The global cost of NCDs is estimated to exceed 30 trillion dollars over the period 2011–2030, representing 48% of the global gross domestic product. Older adults are the common group affected by NCDs, characterised by an insidious onset, a long course, and a protracted illness. The incidence of these diseases is increasing every year, posing a severe threat to human health and quality of life. E-educational programmes about NCDs are essential for older adults because they are the main body of patients with NCDs, and their understanding of health is uneven and inaccurate. This protocol describes a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of e-educational programme methods for NCDs in older adults. This protocol aims to summarise and critically evaluate the impact of e-educational programmes on older adult patients with NCDs and to provide direction for developing interventions to improve their quality of life and NCD health management programmes.Methods and analysisThe search was performed in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wan Fang Data using established search terms. All randomised controlled trials on e-educational programmes for patients with NCDs published in recent 10 years (2013–2023) will be included. The risk of bias in the included study will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool after two authors have independently screened the literature. With regard to the quality of the evidence, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation analysis will be used. If the data are aggregated, then meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan V.5.4.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023455272.
Spatial analysis and factors associated with low birth weight in Ghana using data from the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey: spatial and multilevel analysis
Authors: Boateng Dennis , Oppong Felix Boakye , Senkyire Ephraim Kumi , Logo Divine Darlington 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveLow birth weight (LBW) is an important indicator of newborn health and can have long-term implications for a child’s development. Spatial exploratory analysis provides a toolkit to gain insight into inequalities in LBW. Few studies in Ghana have explored the spatial distribution of LBW to understand the extent of the problem geographically. This study explores individual and cluster-level distributions of LBW using spatial exploration components for common determinants from nationally representative survey data.DesignWe used data from the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey and conducted individual-level and cluster-level analyses of LBW with place and zone of residence in both bivariate and multivariate analyses. By incorporating spatial and survey designs methodology, logistic and Poisson regression models were used to model LBW.SettingGhana.ParticipantsA total of 4127 women aged between 15 and 49 years were included in the individual-level analysis and 864 clusters corresponding to birth weight.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIndividual and cluster-level distribution for LBW using spatial components for common determinants.ResultsIn the individual-level analysis, place and zone of residence were significantly associated with LBW in the bivariate model but not in a multivariate model. Hotspot analysis indicated the presence of LBW clusters in the middle and northern zones of Ghana. Compared with rural areas, clusters in urban areas had significantly lower LBW (p=0.017). Clusters in the northern zone were significantly associated with higher LBW (p=0.018) compared with the coastal zones.ConclusionOur findings from choropleth hotspot maps suggest LBW clusters in Ghana’s northern and middle zones. Disparities between the rural and urban continuum require specific attention to bridge the healthcare system gap for Ghana’s northern and middle zones.
Community pharmacists’ roles during the closure stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada: a qualitative case study
Authors: Farooq Sylvia , Donnan Jennifer R , Lukewich Julia , Mathews Maria , Lee Tiffany A 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo explore the experiences and perspectives of community pharmacists regarding their roles during the closure stage (ie, March to May 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada.DesignThis qualitative case study included a document analysis and semistructured interviews with community pharmacists who provided direct patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The document analysis was used to develop a chronology that informed the interviews. Themes from qualitative interviews were developed through iterative cycles of data review and analysis using applied thematic analysis. Findings are presented specifically for the time period between March and May 2020, defined as the ‘Closure Stage’.SettingCommunity pharmacies in NL, Canada.Results12 community pharmacists participated in the interviews. Four themes were developed including (1) pharmacists’ leadership in continuity of care, (2) pharmacists as medication stewards, (3) pharmacists as a source of COVID-19 health information and (4) the impact of COVID-19 on pharmacists’ mental health and well-being. The first three themes described the key roles played by community pharmacists during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, including coordinating care, prescribing for common ailments, delivering medications and supplies, providing information on COVID-19 symptoms and their management, renewing chronic medications and protecting the medication supply. Unclear guidance on scope of practice, limited scope of practice, inadequate staffing and limited support from government bodies were identified as barriers to these roles. Facilitators included access to a delivery service, swift regulatory changes, reimbursement and support from colleagues and other healthcare professionals. The fourth theme is presented independently, emphasising the impact of working within the primary healthcare (PHC) system during the COVID-19 pandemic on pharmacists’ mental health and well-being.ConclusionPharmacists played a critical role in the delivery of PHC services during the closure stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this research highlight the essential elements of a strong PHC pandemic preparedness plan that is inclusive of community pharmacists, including improved communication strategies, mental health support and access to resources.
Using polygenic risk modification to improve breast cancer prevention: study protocol for the PRiMo multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: McInerny Simone , Mascarenhas Lyon , Yanes Tatiane , Petelin Lara , Chenevix-Trench Georgia , Southey Melissa C , Young Mary-Anne , James Paul A 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionEstablished personal and familial risk factors contribute collectively to a woman’s risk of breast or ovarian cancer. Existing clinical services offer genetic testing for pathogenic variants in high-risk genes to investigate these risks but recent information on the role of common genomic variants, in the form of a Polygenic Risk Score (PRS), has provided the potential to further personalise breast and ovarian cancer risk assessment. Data from cohort studies support the potential of an integrated risk assessment to improve targeted risk management but experience of this approach in clinical practice is limited.Methods and analysisThe polygenic risk modification trial is an Australian multicentre prospective randomised controlled trial of integrated risk assessment including personal and family risk factors with inclusion of breast and ovarian PRS vs standard care. The study will enrol women, unaffected by cancer, undergoing predictive testing at a familial cancer clinic for a pathogenic variant in a known breast cancer (BC) or ovarian cancer (OC) predisposition gene (BRCA1,BRCA2,PALB2,CHEK2,ATM,RAD51C,RAD51D). Array-based genotyping will be used to generate breast cancer (313 SNP) and ovarian cancer (36 SNP) PRS. A suite of materials has been developed for the trial including an online portal for patient consent and questionnaires, and a clinician education programme to train healthcare providers in the use of integrated risk assessment. Long-term follow-up will evaluate differences in the assessed risk and management advice, patient risk management intentions and adherence, patient-reported experience and outcomes, and the health service implications of personalised risk assessment.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and at all participating centres. Study findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations, and directly to participants.Trial registration numberACTRN12621000009819.
Surgeon-led improvement in compliance with use of sequential compression devices in a neurosurgery patient population
Authors: Windermere Sonora Andromeda , Sconzo Daniel , Askari Asra , Filippidis Aristotelis , Binello Emanuela 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionSequential compression devices (SCDs) are the mainstay of mechanical prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in perioperative neurosurgical patients and are especially crucial when chemical prophylaxis is contraindicated.ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterise and improve SCD compliance in neurosurgery stepdown patients.MethodsSCD compliance in a neurosurgical stepdown unit was tracked across 13 months (August 2022–August 2023). When not properly functioning, the missing element was documented. Compliance was calculated daily in all patients with SCD orders, and then averaged monthly. Most common barriers to compliance were identified. With nursing, we implemented a best practice alert to facilitate nursing education at month 3 and tracked compliance over 9 months, with two breaks in surveillance. At month 12, we implemented a patient-engagement measure through creating and distributing a patient-directed infographic and tracked compliance over 2 months.ResultsCompliance averaged 19.7% (n=95) during August and 38.4% (n=131) in September. After implementing the best practice alert and supply chain upgrades, compliance improved to 48.8% (n=150) in October, 41.2% (n=104) in March and 45.9% (n=76) in April. The infographic improved compliance to 51.4% (n=70) in July and 55.1% (n=34) in August. Compliance was significantly increased from baseline in August to October (z=4.5838, p<0.00001), sustained through March (z=3.2774, p=0.00104) and further improved by August (z=3.9025, p=0.0001).ConclusionBeyond an initial Hawthorne effect, implementation of the best practice nursing alert facilitated sustained improvement in SCD compliance despite breaks in surveillance. SCD compliance nonetheless remained below 50% until implementation of patient-engagement measures which were dependent on physician involvement.
Can we learn from matter creation to solve the $$H_{0}$$ tension problem?
Authors: Elizalde Emilio , Khurshudyan Martiros , Odintsov Sergei D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe $$H_{0}$$

H
0

tension problem is studied in the light of a matter creation mechanism (an effective approach to replacing dark energy), the way to define the matter creation rate being of pure phenomenological nature. Bayesian (probabilistic) Machine Learning is used to learn the constraints on the free parameters of the models, with the learning being based on the generated expansion rate, H(z). Taking advantage of the method, the constraints for three redshift ranges are learned. Namely, for the two redshift ranges: $$z\in [0,2]$$

z
∈
[
0
,
2
]

(cosmic chronometers) and $$z\in [0,2.5]$$

z
∈
[
0
,
2.5
]

(cosmic chronometers + BAO), covering already available H(z) data, to validate the learned results; and for a third redshift interval, $$z\in [0,5]$$

z
∈
[
0
,
5
]

, for forecasting purposes. It is learned that the $$3\alpha H_{0}$$

3
α

H
0

term in the creation rate provides options that have the potential to solve the $$H_{0}$$

H
0

tension problem.
The Hawking temperature of dynamical black holes via conformal transformations
Authors: Dahal Pravin Kumar , Maharana Swayamsiddha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this second part of our two-series on extracting the Hawking temperature of dynamical black holes, we focus into spacetimes that are conformal transformations of static spacetimes. Our previous investigation builds upon the Unruh–Hawking analogy, which relates the spacetime of a uniformly accelerating observer to the near-horizon region of a black hole, to obtain the Hawking temperature. However, in this work, we explicitly compute the Bogoliubov coefficients associated with incoming and outgoing modes, which not only yields the temperature but also thermal spectrum of particles emitted by a black hole. For illustration, we take the simplest nontrivial example of the linear Vaidya spacetime, which is conformal to the static metric and using this property, we analytically solve the massless scalar field in its background. This allows the explicit computations of the Bogoliubov coefficients to study the particle production in this spacetime. We also derive an expression for the total mass of such dynamical spacetimes using the conformal Killing vector. We then perform differential variations of the mass formula to determine whether the laws of dynamical black hole mechanics correspond to the laws of thermodynamics.
The Applications of Social Media for Luxury Brand Management — A Narrative Review
Authors: Warsi Ramsha , Dixit Shailja , Lyall Bobby W. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose — The emergence of social media and digital technologies has reformed the competitive aspect for firms that quickly acknowledged the increasing relevance of social media platforms for business purposes social media is emerging as an important part of our lives. Luxury brands are gaining popularity as the customers are getting richer. In this paper, we did an extensive review of the research papers to understand the applications of social media for luxury brands management. We also studied the data analysis techniques used in those research papers. Methodology — The papers related to the applications of social media for luxury brand management were collected using related keywords. We searched the papers with the keywords such as “Social media marketing” and “Luxury brands”, “Social media consumer engagement” and “Luxury brands”, “Social media consumer response” and “Luxury brands” and “Social media communication” and “Luxury brands” in Scopus database. Findings — Marketing and customer response are the two main categories of the applications of the social media for luxury brand management. Regarding data analysis techniques, traditional data analysis models such as structural equation modelling, regression, etc. have been used more as compared to data mining, text mining, etc. process. Originality — We propose a new categorisation of different research papers related to applications of social media for luxury brand management. We also did an extensive study of the data analysis techniques to conclude that traditional data analysis models have been mostly used in this research area. The recommendations to social media marketing professionals related to luxury brands have been presented to improve the effectiveness of social media campaigns for luxury brands. We also suggest challenges and future research directions in this area.
Monocyte Single-Cell Multimodal Profiling in Cardiovascular Disease Risk States
Authors: Bashore Alexander C. , Xue Chenyi , Kim Eunyoung , Yan Hanying , Zhu Lucie Y. , Pan Huize , Kissner Michael , Ross Leila S. , Zhang Hanrui , Li Mingyao , Reilly Muredach P. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Monocytes are a critical innate immune system cell type that serves homeostatic and immunoregulatory functions. They have been identified historically by the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16. However, recent single-cell studies have revealed that they are much more heterogeneous than previously realized.

METHODS:
We utilized cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing to describe the comprehensive transcriptional and phenotypic landscape of 437 126 monocytes.

RESULTS:

This high-dimensional multimodal approach identified vast phenotypic diversity and functionally distinct subsets, including IFN-responsive, MHCII
hi
(major histocompatibility complex class II), monocyte-platelet aggregates, as well as nonclassical, and several subpopulations of classical monocytes. Using flow cytometry, we validated the existence of MHCII
+
CD275
+
MHCII
hi
, CD42b
+
monocyte-platelet aggregates, CD16
+
CD99
−
nonclassical monocytes, and CD99
+
classical monocytes. Each subpopulation exhibited unique characteristics, developmental trajectories, transcriptional regulation, and tissue distribution. In addition, alterations associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors, including race, smoking, and hyperlipidemia were identified. Moreover, the effect of hyperlipidemia was recapitulated in mouse models of elevated cholesterol.

CONCLUSIONS:
This integrative and cross-species comparative analysis provides a new perspective on the comparison of alterations in monocytes in pathological conditions and offers insights into monocyte-driven mechanisms in cardiovascular disease and the potential for monocyte subpopulation targeted therapies.
Human Eyes–Inspired Recurrent Neural Networks Are More Robust Against Adversarial Noises
Authors: Choi Minkyu , Zhang Yizhen , Han Kuan , Wang Xiaokai , Liu Zhongming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Humans actively observe the visual surroundings by focusing on salient objects and ignoring trivial details. However, computer vision models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) often analyze visual input all at once through a single feedforward pass. In this study, we designed a dual-stream vision model inspired by the human brain. This model features retina-like input layers and includes two streams: one determining the next point of focus (the fixation), while the other interprets the visuals surrounding the fixation. Trained on image recognition, this model examines an image through a sequence of fixations, each time focusing on different parts, thereby progressively building a representation of the image. We evaluated this model against various benchmarks in terms of object recognition, gaze behavior, and adversarial robustness. Our findings suggest that the model can attend and gaze in ways similar to humans without being explicitly trained to mimic human attention and that the model can enhance robustness against adversarial attacks due to its retinal sampling and recurrent processing. In particular, the model can correct its perceptual errors by taking more glances, setting itself apart from all feedforward-only models. In conclusion, the interactions of retinal sampling, eye movement, and recurrent dynamics are important to human-like visual exploration and inference.