bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogeneses of Sudden Cardiac Death in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes
Authors: Harmon Kimberly G. , Drezner Jonathan A. , Maleszewski Joseph J. , Lopez-Anderson Martha , Owens David , Prutkin Jordan M. , Asif Irfan M. , Klossner David , Ackerman Michael J. 
Published: March 2014

Background—
The pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death in college athletes has not been defined by systematic case identification.

Methods and Results—
A total of 45 cases of sudden cardiac death were identified in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes from 2004 to 2008 based on an internal reporting system and review of media reports. Autopsy reports were reviewed and adjudicated by a multidisciplinary panel. Cause of death could be reasonably determined in 36 cases; 3 athletes had no autopsy, 5 autopsy reports could not be obtained, and 1 autopsy had insufficient information to determine cause of death. The most common finding at death was a structurally normal heart or autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death (11, 31%), followed by coronary artery abnormalities (5, 14%), dilated cardiomyopathy (3, 8%), myocarditis related (3, 8%), aortic dissection (3, 8%), and idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy/possible hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM; 3, 8%). There was 1 case each (3%) of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome, commotio cordis, and Kawasaki disease. There was 1 case of death in a sickle cell positive athlete who also had left ventricular hypertrophy. The adjudicated diagnosis agreed with the official pathology report in only 59% of cases.

Conclusions—
Unexplained death with a structurally normal heart is the most common finding after suspected sudden cardiac death in NCAA athletes. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is infrequently seen, and conclusions in autopsy reports may not accurately reflect the pathological findings. Standardized protocols for cardiovascular autopsies in athletes are needed, including postmortem genetic testing, particularly in autopsy-negative cases.
Visualisation of time-varying respiratory system elastance in experimental ARDS animal models
Authors: van Drunen Erwin J , Chiew Yeong Shiong , Pretty Christopher , Shaw Geoffrey M , Lambermont Bernard , Janssen Nathalie , Chase J Geoffrey , Desaive Thomas 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) risk lung collapse, severely altering the breath-to-breath respiratory mechanics. Model-based estimation of respiratory mechanics characterising patient-specific condition and response to treatment may be used to guide mechanical ventilation (MV). This study presents a model-based approach to monitor time-varying patient-ventilator interaction to guide positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) selection.

Methods
The single compartment lung model was extended to monitor dynamic time-varying respiratory system elastance, E

drs
, within each breathing cycle. Two separate animal models were considered, each consisting of three fully sedated pure pietrain piglets (oleic acid ARDS and lavage ARDS). A staircase recruitment manoeuvre was performed on all six subjects after ARDS was induced. The E

drs
was mapped across each breathing cycle for each subject.

Results
Six time-varying, breath-specific E

drs
maps were generated, one for each subject. Each E

drs
map shows the subject-specific response to mechanical ventilation (MV), indicating the need for a model-based approach to guide MV. This method of visualisation provides high resolution insight into the time-varying respiratory mechanics to aid clinical decision making. Using the E

drs
maps, minimal time-varying elastance was identified, which can be used to select optimal PEEP.

Conclusions
Real-time continuous monitoring of in-breath mechanics provides further insight into lung physiology. Therefore, there is potential for this new monitoring method to aid clinicians in guiding MV treatment. These are the first such maps generated and they thus show unique results in high resolution. The model is limited to a constant respiratory resistance throughout inspiration which may not be valid in some cases. However, trends match clinical expectation and the results highlight both the subject-specificity of the model, as well as significant inter-subject variability.
‘Different people with different views but the same overall goals’: Divisions and unities within the contemporary British DIY punk subcultural movement
Authors: Liptrot Michelle 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article will explore the divided yet unified nature of contemporary Do-It-Yourself (DIY) punk in Britain. It identifies the emergence of anarcho-punk in the 1980s as being pivotal in the polarization of punk into two distinct camps: politicized and non-politicized punk. Tensions and complexities between the two camps are made clear when long-standing contradictions concerning race, patriotism, gender and sexuality are considered. The article will also reveal tension within the politicized punk camp. Finally, it will show that despite such tensions, participants from both punk camps are unified by certain values, notably the DIY ethic.
For you, Tommy, the war is never over
Authors: Ogg Alex 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article looks at the enduring influence that the ephemera and aesthetics of World War II had on the British punk movement, particularly its impact on impressionable male minds. It maps the popularity of toys, games and magazines during the 1970s and early 1980s and proposes that whilst many punk bands were avowedly anti-war, they retained an awe of the military hardware, scale, personalities and stakes of the conflict. In examining why that might be the case, the author talks to some of those involved in both the production and consumption of cultural materials related to World War II. An attempt is made to navigate the observation that an essential duality was at work. That is, while the overwhelming repudiation and rejection of militarism and conflict in punk was genuine, so too was the impact of the images, residues and vernacular of the war and these became essential formative tools in the creative and intellectual discourse of that generation. The first part of the article will look at the prevalence of World War II-based imagery, the second at how that impacted on the punk movement in terms of lyrics, artwork and attitudes. That phenomenon is examined in relation to British identity, class identity, political identity and male identity, though these have not been structured as separate lines of enquiry due to the extensive degree of overlap.
‘I Can’t Seem To Stay A Fixed Ideal’: Self-design and self-harm in subcultures
Authors: Mankowski Guy 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article investigates the personal and social impact of predominantly musical subcultures. It looks at the extent to which in particular punk and post-punk subcultures have validated ideas of self-design. ‘Self-design’ here is a term analogous to S. Greenblatt’s (1983) concept of ‘self-fashioning’, referring to the capacity some influencers have to validate the subversion of cultural norms in aspects of personal presentation. After briefly contextualizing the historical and cultural backdrops such groups and individuals have emerged from (e.g. mod, punk, post-punk, New Romantic and Riot Grrl) this article will examine the social norms such figures can subvert. It will then go on to focus upon more extreme examples of self-design using the case study of Richey Edwards. The article concludes by drawing from recent research to investigate where self-design ends and self-harm begins.
Efficient Imputation of Missing Markers in Low-Coverage Genotyping-by-Sequencing Data from Multiparental Crosses
Authors: Huang B Emma , Raghavan Chitra , Mauleon Ramil , Broman Karl W , Leung Hei 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We consider genomic imputation for low-coverage genotyping-by-sequencing data with high levels of missing data. We compensate for this loss of information by utilizing family relationships in multiparental experimental crosses. This nearly quadruples the number of usable markers when applied to a large rice Multiparent Advanced Generation InterCross (MAGIC) study.
Fisher’s Geometrical Model Emerges as a Property of Complex Integrated Phenotypic Networks
Authors: Martin Guillaume 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Models relating phenotype space to fitness (phenotype–fitness landscapes) have seen important developments recently. They can roughly be divided into mechanistic models (e.g., metabolic networks) and more heuristic models like Fisher’s geometrical model. Each has its own drawbacks, but both yield testable predictions on how the context (genomic background or environment) affects the distribution of mutation effects on fitness and thus adaptation. Both have received some empirical validation. This article aims at bridging the gap between these approaches. A derivation of the Fisher model “from first principles” is proposed, where the basic assumptions emerge from a more general model, inspired by mechanistic networks. I start from a general phenotypic network relating unspecified phenotypic traits and fitness. A limited set of qualitative assumptions is then imposed, mostly corresponding to known features of phenotypic networks: a large set of traits is pleiotropically affected by mutations and determines a much smaller set of traits under optimizing selection. Otherwise, the model remains fairly general regarding the phenotypic processes involved or the distribution of mutation effects affecting the network. A statistical treatment and a local approximation close to a fitness optimum yield a landscape that is effectively the isotropic Fisher model or its extension with a single dominant phenotypic direction. The fit of the resulting alternative distributions is illustrated in an empirical data set. These results bear implications on the validity of Fisher’s model’s assumptions and on which features of mutation fitness effects may vary (or not) across genomic or environmental contexts.
Nascent DNA Synthesis During Homologous Recombination Is Synergistically Promoted by the Rad51 Recombinase and DNA Homology
Authors: Mundia Maureen M , Desai Vatsal , Magwood Alissa C , Baker Mark D 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this study, we exploited a plasmid-based assay that detects the new DNA synthesis (3′ extension) that accompanies Rad51-mediated homology searching and strand invasion steps of homologous recombination to investigate the interplay between Rad51 concentration and homology length. Mouse hybridoma cells that express endogenous levels of Rad51 display an approximate linear increase in the frequency of 3′ extension for homology lengths of 500 bp to 2 kb. At values below ∼500 bp, the frequency of 3′ extension declines markedly, suggesting that this might represent the minimal efficient processing segment for 3′ extension. Overexpression of wild-type Rad51 stimulated the frequency of 3′ extension by ∼3-fold for homology lengths &lt;900 bp, but when homology was &gt;2 kb, 3′ extension frequency increased by as much as 10-fold. Excess wild-type Rad51 did not increase the average 3′ extension tract length. Analysis of cell lines expressing N-terminally FLAG-tagged Rad51 polymerization mutants F86E, A89E, or F86E/A89E established that the 3′ extension process requires Rad51 polymerization activity. Mouse hybridoma cells that have reduced Brca2 (Breast cancer susceptibility 2) due to stable expression of small interfering RNA show a significant reduction in 3′ extension efficiency; expression of wild-type human BRCA2, but not a BRCA2 variant devoid of BRC repeats 1–8, rescues the 3′ extension defect in these cells. Our results suggest that increased Rad51 concentration and homology length interact synergistically to promote 3′ extension, presumably as a result of enhanced Brca2-mediated Rad51 polymerization.
Pilot Experience in Senegal with Peritoneal Dialysis for End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Niang Abdou , Cisse Mouhamadou Moustapha , Mahmoud Sidi Mohamed Ould M. , Lemrabott Ahmed Tall Ould , Ka El Hadji Fary , Diouf Boucar 
Published: March 2014

Introduction Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is occasionally used in western sub-Saharan Africa to treat patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The present study is a retrospective review of the initial six years’ experience with PD for ESRD therapy in Senegal, a West African country with a population of over 12 million. Material and Methods Single-center retrospective cohort study of patients treated with PD between March 2004 and December 2010. Basic demographic data were collected on all patients. Peritonitis rates, causes of death and reasons for transfer to hemodialysis (HD) were determined in all patients. Results Sixty-two patients were included in the study. The median age was 47 ± 13 years with a male/female ratio of 1.21. Nephrosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy were the main causes of ESRD. The mean Charlson score was 3 ± 1 with a range of 2 to 7. Forty five peritonitis episodes were diagnosed in 36 patients (58%) for a peritonitis rate of 1 episode/20 patient-months (0.60 episodes per year). Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most commonly identified organisms. Touch contamination has been implicated in 26 cases (57.7%). In 23 episodes (51%), bacterial cultures were negative. Catheter removal was necessary in 12 cases (26.6%) due to mechanical dysfunction, fungal or refractory infection. Sixteen patients died during the study. Conclusion Peritoneal dialysis is a suitable therapy which may be widely used for ESRD treatment in western sub-Saharan Africa. A good peritonitis rate can be achieved despite the difficult living conditions of patients. Challenges to the development of PD programs include training health care providers, developing an infrastructure to support the program, and developing a cost structure which permits expansion of the PD program.
Prognostic Value of Serum Von Willebrand Factor, but Not Soluble Icam and Vcam, for Mortality and Cardiovascular Events is Independent of Residual Renal Function in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Dong Jie , Li Yan-Jun , Yang Zhi-Kai , Xu Rong 
Published: March 2014

Objective We explored associations between markers of endothelial dysfunction and outcome events, and whether those associations were independent of residual renal function (RRF) in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Methods The study enrolled 261 incident patients and 68 healthy control subjects who were followed till death, censoring, or study end. Demographics, biochemistry, markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein) and endothelial dysfunction [soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM), soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM), and von Willebrand factor (vWf)] were examined at baseline. Outcome events included all-cause death and fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular (CV) events. Results Mean levels of vWf, sICAM, and sVCAM were significantly higher in patients than in healthy control subjects. Levels of sICAM and sVCAM, but not vWf, were significantly correlated with RRF. Levels of sICAM and vWf both predicted all-cause mortality and fatal and nonfatal CV events after adjustment for recognizable CV risk factors. The association between sICAM and outcome events disappeared after further adjustment for RRF. However, RRF did not change the predictive role of vWf for outcome events. Compared with the lowest vWf quartile (6.6% – 73.9%), the highest vWf quartile (240.9% – 1161%) predicted the highest risk for fatal and nonfatal CV events (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.05; 95% confidence interval: 1.15 to 3.64; p = 0.014). We observed no associations between sVCAM and RRF, or sVCAM and any outcome event. Conclusions The prognostic value of vWf, but not sICAM, is independent of RRF in predicting mortality and CV events.
Peginesatide to Manage Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Zabaneh Raja , Roger Simon D. , El-Shahawy Mohamed , Roppolo Michael , Runyan Grant , O'Neil Janet , Qiu Ping 
Published: March 2014

♦Background Peginesatide is a novel, synthetic, peptide-based pegylated erythropoiesis-stimulating agent that is designed specifically to stimulate the erythropoietin receptor. The purpose of the present study was to assess, for the first time, the efficacy and safety of peginesatide in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) and previously on epoetin treatment. ♦Methods In this open-label multicenter study, 59 PD patients with CKD were converted from epoetin (alfa or beta) to once-monthly peginesatide. Doses were titrated to maintain hemoglobin levels between 10 g/dL and 12 g/dL during the 25 weeks of the study. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in mean hemoglobin values during the evaluation period (weeks 20 – 25). ♦Results The mean hemoglobin value during the evaluation period was 11.3 ± 1.07 g/dL, and the mean change from baseline was 0.10 ± 1.15 g/dL (95% confidence limits: –0.24, 0.44 g/dL). During the evaluation period, most patients maintained hemoglobin levels between 10 g/dL and 12 g/dL (63.0%) and within ±1.0 g/dL of baseline (60.9%). The median weekly epoetin dose at baseline was 96.0 U/kg, and the median starting peginesatide dose was 0.047 mg/kg. Forty-three patients (72.9%) completed the study. Six patients (10.2%) received red blood cell transfusions. The observed adverse event profile was consistent with underlying conditions in the PD patient population. The most common adverse event was peritonitis (20.3%), a complication commonly associated with PD. Four deaths occurred during the study (2 related to septic shock, and 1 each to myocardial ischemia and myasthenia gravis). ♦Conclusions In this study, once-monthly peginesatide maintained hemoglobin levels in PD patients after conversion from epoetin.
Predicting the Peritoneal Absorption of Icodextrin in Rats and Humans Including the Effect of α–Amylase Activity in Dialysate
Authors: Akonur Alp , Holmes Clifford J. , Leypoldt John K. 
Published: March 2014

Background Contrary to ultrafiltration, the three-pore model predictions of icodextrin absorption from the peritoneal cavity have not yet been reported likely, in part, due to difficulties in estimating the degradation of glucose-polymer chains by α–amylase activity in dialysate. We incorporated this degradation process in a modified three-pore model of peritoneal transport to predict ultrafiltration and icodextrin absorption simultaneously in rats and humans. Methods Separate three-pore models were constructed for humans and rats. The model for humans was adapted from PD Adequest 2.0 including a clearance term out of the peritoneal cavity to account for the absorption of large molecules to the peritoneal tissues, and considering patients who routinely used icodextrin by establishing steady-state plasma concentrations. The model for rats employed a standard three-pore model in which human kinetic parameters were scaled for a rat based on differences in body weight. Both models described the icodextrin molecular weight (MW) distribution as five distinct MW fractions. First order kinetics was applied using degradation rate constants obtained from previous in-vitro measurements using gel permeation chromatography. Ultrafiltration and absorption were predicted during a 4-hour exchange in rats, and 9 and 14-hour exchanges in humans with slow to fast transport characteristics with and without the effect of amylase activity. Results In rats, the icodextrin MW profile shifted towards the low MW fractions due to complete disappearance of the MW fractions greater than 27.5 kDa. Including the effect of amylase activity (60 U/L) resulted in 21.1% increase in ultrafiltration (UF) (7.6 mL vs 6.0 mL) and 7.1% increase in icodextrin absorption (CHO) (62.5% with vs 58.1%). In humans, the shift in MW profile was less pronounced. The fast transport (H) patient absorbed more icodextrin than the slow transport (L) patient during both 14-hour (H: 47.9% vs L: 40.2%) and 9-hour (H: 37.4% vs L: 31.7%) exchanges. While the UF was higher during the longer exchange, it varied modestly among the patient types (14-hour range: 460 – 509 mL vs 9-hour range: 382 – 389 mL). When averaged over all patients, the increases in UF and CHO during the 14-hour exchange due to amylase activity (7 U/L) were 15% and 1.5%, respectively. Conclusion The icodextrin absorption values predicted by the model agreed with those measured in rats and humans to accurately show the increased absorption in rats. Also, the model confirmed the previous suggestions by predicting an increase in UF specific to amylase activity in dialysate, likely due to the added osmolality by the small molecules generated as a result of the degradation process. As expected, this increase was more pronounced in rats than in humans because of higher dialysate concentrations of amylase in rats.
Can EPS Development be Avoided with Early Interventions? The Potential Role of Tamoxifen—A Single-Center Study
Authors: De Sousa–Amorim Erika , Del Peso Gloria , Bajo M. Auxiliadora , Alvarez Laura , Ossorio Marta , Gil Fernando , Bellon Teresa , Selgas Rafael 
Published: March 2014

Background Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a severe complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Identification of patients at high risk for EPS (“EPS-prone”) and delivery of appropriate interventions might prevent its development. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of all EPS and EPS-prone patients diagnosed at our PD unit. Methods For a 30-year period representing our entire PD experience, we retrospectively identified all patients with EPS (diagnosed according to International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis criteria) and all patients defined as EPS-prone because they met at least 2 established criteria (severe peritonitis, PD vintage greater than 3 years, severe hemoperitoneum, overexposure to glucose, and acquired ultrafiltration failure). Results Of 679 PD patients, we identified 20 with EPS, for an overall prevalence of 2.9%. Mean age at diagnosis was 50.2 ± 16.4 years, with a median PD time of 77.96 months (range: 44.36 – 102.7 months) and a median follow-up of 30.91 months (range: 4.6 – 68.75 months). Of patients with EPS, 10 (50%) received tamoxifen, 10 (50%) received parenteral nutrition, and 2 (10%) underwent adhesiolysis, with 25% mortality related to EPS. Another 14 patients were identified as EPS-prone. Median follow-up was 54.05 months (range: 11.9 – 87.04 months). All received tamoxifen, and 5 (36%) received corticosteroids; none progressed to full EPS. We observed no differences in baseline data between the groups, but the group with EPS had been on PD longer (84 ± 53 months vs 39 ± 20 months, p = 0.002) and had a higher cumulative number of days of peritoneal inflammation from peritonitis (17.2 ± 11.1 days vs 9.8 ± 7.9 days, p = 0.015). Overall mortality was similar in the groups. The incidence of EPS declined during our three decades of experience (5.6%, 3.9%, and 0.3%). Conclusions Being a serious, life-threatening complication of PD, EPS requires high suspicion to allow for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Early detection of EPS-prone states and delivery of appropriate intervention might prevent EPS development. Tamoxifen seems to be a key strategy in prevention, but caution should be used in interpreting our results. Additional randomized controlled studies are needed.