bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remedial Well Impairment Treatment in Water Disposal Wells: A Field Experience
Authors: Akosa S. P. , Emordi J. C. , Nwachukwu N. E. , Deele H. L. , Awasum C. W. , Agara M. I. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Organic and Inorganic Scales, bacteria activity, and waxy agglomerations occurring from Injecting poorly treated produced water into old or depleted perforations can be treated by maintaining the right treatment fluid mix, applied in the right sequence that will allow for easy injection and reduction of high back pressures to surface.
This paper discusses the treatment of two wells with perforation blockage and Wellbore impairments from the injection of produced water which led to high surface injection pressures, prevention of perforation penetration, and fluid migration which ultimately led to shutting down a section of the production facility for months.
The procedure involved using a Coiled tubing workstring for pre-injection testing of the affected wells to develop pressure baselines, mixing and squeezing a stimulation treatment system into the perforations, and then allowing it to cure, while monitoring the pressure drop-off trend. After curing, a post-injection test was conducted to determine the new well parameters for subsequent injections.
The fluid system was designed to treat impairments resulting from organic and inorganic chemical reactions which has caused damage to the perforations and near the wellbore. The selected Well data such as the production profile, and the reservoir information including bottomhole pressure, bottomhole temperature profiles, and perforation intervals were analyzed as various other Well parameters were not known for the candidate wells needed to build a fluid system that could handle the requirements of an unknown causative agent.
Laboratory testing was carried out by simulating the reservoir conditions with the proposed fluid recipe against the actual produced water injected into the wells.
Post-injection analysis of the Wellhead pressure and surface choke indicated that the deployed fluid system caused a reduction in the Wellhead pressure which will allow the continued produced water injection as desired.
Energy Security and Sustainable Development of Nigeria's Oil and Gas Sector
Authors: Oruwari Humphrey Otombosoba , Obunwa Queen , Ahuchogu Joe , Ayuba Salihu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Energy security is a critical component of a nation's sustainable development, and for an oil and gas-rich country like Nigeria, it is particularly pivotal. This study explores the multifaceted dimensions of energy security in the context of Nigeria, delving into the challenges, opportunities, and policy considerations that shape the sustainable development of its oil and gas sector. Nigeria is one of the largest oil and gas producing country in West Africa Sub region. The country has been striving to attain national energy security. The methodological framework of the study involves the use of literature review, policy documents and case. The study finding reveals that for a country like Nigeria which is a mono based economy?. Without energy mix, it is very challenging to achieve energy security despite being endowed with fossil fuels. However, Nigeria has the potential to increase its energy security in future by diversifying its energy resources, decarbonizing the oil and gas industry by utilizing its enormous gas resources and integrating with other African countries especially in the energy market. The study also recommends keying into renewable energy especially in this era of energy transition and adopting energy efficiency principle.
Progressive Evaluation and Acquisition Strategies for Improving Success in Re-Entering Abandoned Oil and Gas Well in a Niger Delta Marginal Field
Authors: Ifediora A. , Adesokan I. , Olusola B. , Shittu A. , Osadipe B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the awarding of marginal fields from the 2020 bid round, indigenous companies and new players in the Nigerian Upstream oil and gas sectors grapple with the legacy of abandoned wells. Reliability of existing data is a common challenge hence, operators had to plan various re-entry strategies to mitigate the unknown risks and improve well delivery, this entails the process of evaluation, acquisition, and re-evaluation of data. The inherited data that come with these wells may have been obtained using obsolete technology or obtained using analogue methods whose results had to be digitized and re-interpreted thereby increasing the possibility of human error. This challenge underscores the necessity of having an effective data acquisition program for optimal reservoir recovery. This study presents strategies for evaluating and obtaining valuable data from abandoned wells in the Niger Delta Basin. It reviews the operations in the AA-01 well in the AA Field as a case study. To address the issues around data reliability and acquisition, a robust data gathering initiative was proposed after initial evaluation – from obtaining well trajectory surveys to integrating advanced logging techniques such as corrosion logs, cement bond logs, pulse-neutron logs, and gamma-ray logs. While preferring innovative data-gathering programs, historical data are also compared and combined with the new data to justify the data acquisition program and give a more nuanced understanding of the geological history of the well. This paper aims to highlight the difficulties encountered by indigenous companies regarding data reliability and solutions while discussing the strategies for a robust data-gathering initiative and its benefits.
Efficient Seismic Survey Design for Enhanced Reservoir Management: A cost Effective Approach
Authors: Chejieh Chibuzor , Yuan Kate , Oni Adeboye , Babatunde Ayodeji , Suleiman Isah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Etebi, a deepwater field, has available ullage, necessitating the implementation of surveillance seismic technology on a nearby prospect to maintain optimal tank levels. To achieve this, an Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) seismic survey is planned to establish a 3D baseline for future 4D seismic surveys, enabling effective reservoir management throughout the field's lifecycle. This paper focuses on the application of ray-based and wave-based methods to optimize the survey design and area of interest (AOI), resulting in significant cost reduction and a survey that will ultimately improve reservoir management. By utilizing successful rays that adequately illuminate the subsurface target, the node polygon was constrained, leading to the development of the master node polygon. Additionally, a wave-based technique was used in collaboration with asset geologists, integrating the geological model of the subsurface to further enhance the master node polygon and derive other survey parameters. Diagnostic tools were employed to select the best scenario for the survey parameters and AOI. The study identified the best technical scenario, providing optimal illumination coverage with a cost reduction of approximately 20%. This study has positively impacted the planned OBN survey by reducing cost, optimizing scheduling, and ensuring high-quality data acquisition for enhanced reservoir management.
Polyethylene-Co-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and Nanoparticle Effect on Wax Deposition: A Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation Approach
Authors: Ridzuan N. , Gbonhinbor J. R. , Agi A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Wax buildup is a worldwide concern in oil pipelines, spanning from subsea to processing facilities, leading to decreased oil production rates. An effective way to prevent the formation of solid wax mandates the use of chemical wax inhibitors. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate how poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) and sodium cloisite (Na+) nanoparticles (NPs) collaborate to inhibit wax formation. The simulations involved examining the behavior of EVA molecules, both with and without the incorporation of NPs, in conjunction with wax molecules. This investigation aimed to elucidate the intermolecular interactions, which influence wax formation and deformation, through radial distribution function (rdf) analysis. The outcomes revealed a substantial shift in the interaction between H59•••H60 in the EVA/NP and wax system, progressing from 2.75 Å in the pure wax system to 3.25 Å. This shift signifies the significant impact of wax inhibitors and nanoparticles in the tertiary system on wax-wax interactions. Consequently, the findings from the cold finger test corroborate that the EVA/NP blend results in the least wax deposition, which is further supported by the simulation results. In conclusion, the incorporation of nanoparticles with wax inhibitors emerges as an efficacious approach for mitigating wax deposition challenges within the oil and gas industry.
Obvious and Salient Incentives and Opportunities for Deepening Midstream and Downstream Operations in Nigeria
Authors: Basaka Hussaini Aminu , Ringim Aminu Uba 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The comparative advantage of abundant hydrocarbon resources enjoyed by Nigeria for economic development and as mainstay of government revenue has gradually eroded as the incremental capital output ratio (ICOR) continues to increase as the cost of extracting, transporting, and processing of petroleum liquids and natural gas to refined products for storage, domestic supply to local market and export has dwarfed revenues from operations. Incentives, exemptions from certain taxes, provisions for unbundling of business opportunities and activities from expansive implementation approach of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021 has provided the required pivot for catalyzing growth. The onset of global mandates for curtailing growth of the fossil industry, changing dynamics of the fuels, petrochemicals, and commodities market, and efficiency gains from smart operating models must and are being harnessed to drive growth, and position Nigeria to embrace the midstream and downstream sector as the fulcrum for economic development. The outcome of these promptings in conjunction with the NMDPRA's regulatory support will engender transparency and accountability, create new markets for petroleum, realize cash flows from new business portfolios, sustain government revenues, and open doors for new investments.
Cluster Gathering of Associated and Non-Associated Natural Gas: The KGG Case Study
Authors: Fagbami D. , Ekpeti E. , Bamidele A. , Odeh A. , Odogbo A. , Jimmy D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The resource rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria, where oil and gas exploration and production activities are commonplace, gas flaring has characterized much of the landscape of the region, with the searchlight now firmly focused on these flares and necessitating urgent measures to help address the resulting environmental scourge. Modular gas processing facilities have long been an efficient means of utilizing flared gas in standalone flare sites with a high degree of success recorded over time. Having such modular plants in multiple locations would require that the output products from these plants be transported by pipelines and/or conveyed via trucks (or vessels in the case of swamp and offshore operations) to the market or consumption centers. Piping from each gas plant all the way to the market will introduce a complex web of piping crisscrossing multiple communities, with a potential for exposure to vandalism and other hazards associated with pipeline infrastructure in the region. Nigeria has roughly 181 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of proven gas reserves plus much more in undiscovered gas resources. However, despite having the largest gas reserves in Africa, only about 25% of those reserves are being produced or are under active development today. The foregoing challenges would require that a safer and more effective strategy would be to lay pipelines from processing facilities located within a Petroleum Mining Lease, acreage or producer cluster to a centralized gas gathering station where each gas delivery line will be metered into a manifold which connects the gas gathering station to the national gas network via a single injection line making gas from the cluster accessible to offtakers from anywhere on the national gas network system. This paper presents a practical case study of one such system, the Kwale Gas Gathering (KGG) facility at Umusam, in Delta State of Nigeria, which highlights the benefits of cluster gathering of natural gas resources from the OML 56 producer cluster.
Polymer Flooding using Nanomaterials: Advances/Recent Trends in Polymetric Nanomaterials
Authors: Kelechi F. M. , Authony E. O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Implementing polymer flooding offshore involves various considerations. Managing large polymer volumes cost-effectively is a practical challenge, requiring maintained rheological properties during transit from surface facilities into the reservoir. Simulations are essential to predict polymer flow in the reservoir, identifying significant mechanisms at the pore and core scales for field behavior. This paper focuses on polymer flooding, a widely used chemical enhanced-oil-recovery technique, providing an update on technology status with an emphasis on field applications rather than theoretical or laboratory research. Topics covered include mechanisms of polymer flooding, types of polymers used, polymer-solution stability, technical screening criteria, laboratory and simulation work, performance-monitoring techniques, summaries of pilots and large-scale applications, experiences and insights from field projects, polymer flooding in heavy-oil reservoirs, polymer viscoelastic properties, issues associated with polymer flooding, and potential solutions. The presented data and analysis offer readers updated information on polymer flooding, serving as a guide for relevant research. Survey data also provides operators with reference information for project design and optimization, contributing to the understanding and improvement of polymer flooding practices.
Maximizing Well Construction Strategy for Combined Appraisal and Development in Stacked Reservoirs –A Case Study
Authors: Orji Mirian Kosi , Olatunbosun Ademola , Kumapayi Olamide , Abe Gbenga , Inwere Ihuoma , Bassey Nina , Akinpelu Jumoke , Benson Esigie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper highlights the value-driven development strategies deployed in designing and constructing a multi-reservoir appraisal and development well. The reference field is a shallow water offshore brown field in Nigeria and has been producing since 1997 with significant remaining hydrocarbon resource in place. These strategies were based on a cross-functional holistic view of the development objectives, which revolved around appraisal data acquisition needs, expected volumes, cost, execution complexity and optimal well sequencing. The approach influenced the planning of a multipurpose appraisal/producer well to optimize the re-development of several reservoirs in the field.
A broad appraisal and development scope such as this, came with attendant complexities for which well design and execution strategy had to be optimized. This paper further describes the strategies deployed to manage the identified well construction risks:
Well trajectory intersecting multiple hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs with depleted pressures Drilling across multiple faults with risk of lost circulationDeep well collision risksExtended openhole exposure due to logging requirements in the production section andComplex completion assembly installation–2-string completions at &gt;15,000ft with multiple jewelries (downhole gauges, gas lift mandrels etc.)
This strategy ultimately improved drill-well campaign economics by over 60%, saved the cost of drilling two heel pilots, and acquired critical data that helped optimize other wells on the rig schedule. Subsurface data gathered from this well, integrated with production data helped articulate different possible subsurface scenarios that impacted completions designs and optimal reservoir management plan. Data from this appraisal/producer well also aided the optimization of reservoir production and development strategies towards achieving incremental uplift from 3 streamed producer wells and additional potential for future development.
Examination of Geotechnical Properties of Structures of a Swamp Marginal Field Development in the Niger Delta
Authors: Osadipe B. , Adesokan I. , Olusola B. , Shittu A. , Ifediora A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A geotechnical survey was carried out in a swamp location in Niger Delta, Nigeria. The primary aim of the geotechnical investigation is to gather crucial data on the physical characterisation of soil consistency in the area. The investigation was carried out by conducting site characterisation, laboratory testing, and data analysis. As a result, the geotechnical survey was conducted on land, swamp, and water (river). Two (2) boreholes labeled BH1 and BH2 were dug on land, each of which is 40 meters deep. The sample rate for BH1 and BH2 is 0.75 meters. Based on the sample rate of 0.75 meters, soil samples collected for each borehole were 53 samples. A total of 106 soil samples were collected for BH1 and BH2. Six (6) boreholes were dug over water, each at a depth of 20 meters with a sample rate of 1 meter given the total soil samples collected to be 120 samples. The boreholes were dug to determine the contents of the soil in each location. BH1 revealed a clay formation from the ground surface to a depth of 11.0 meters, and fine sand was encountered with a band of clay between 11 meters and 20.25 meters. Clay was discovered from 20.25 meters to the final 40.0 meters of the investigation. Similarly, on BH2, a formation of clay was observed from the ground surface to a depth of 34.50 meters, and fine sand was encountered at 34.50 meters and 40.0 meters depth. The moisture content of the clay layers ranges from 31-163 %, indicating that the clay has a low to high moisture content, as is typical of marine clays, with bulk unit weights ranging from 12.52-19.44 kN/m3. The liquid limit values range from 88-140 %, the plastic limit from 27-42 %, and the plasticity indices from 61%- 98 %. The sand's SPT N-values range from 6 to 14, indicating that it is loose to medium-dense in compaction. Furthermore, the riverbed boreholes revealed entirely clay formation with no trace of sand within the depth explored. This information is vital for designing the surface structures to be erected in this location.
Assessing the Attractiveness and Progressiveness of the Fiscal Framework in the 2021 Nigeria Petroleum Industry Act Under a Zero - Carbon Emission Strategy
Authors: Nwosi-Anele Adaobi Stephenie , Iledare Omowunmi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The global trend for cleaner energy and zero emission has made the need for frameworks that support reduced to zero carbon emission necessary. This is in a bid to make zero-carbon emission a success. Laws and frameworks that encourage the strategy for zero emission should be introduced. The Nigerian Petroleum Industry has been on a journey of continuous review of its petroleum fiscal frameworks that existed as the petroleum industry bill between 2009-2020, until the final passage of the bill into an Act in 2021. The zero emission strategy would be a success in Nigeria if the fiscal frameworks favor the exploitation and production of natural gas resources rather than crude oil; this is because natural gas produces cleaner emissions than crude oil. This means that fiscal frameworks that encourage investments in the natural gas upstream, midstream and downstream sectors should be formulated and enacted. This paper reviews the Petroleum Industry Act 2021, its attractiveness to investors in the natural gas sector and it's progressiveness towards the needed change in the oil and gas industry towards zero-carbon emissions. It looks at the provisions of the Act and how it encourages investors in the natural gas sector. It is recommended that fiscal frameworks for oil and gas sector should be progressive to accommodate modifications in the sector and should encourage zero-carbon emission in this new era.
Simultaneous Real-Time Top-Of-Cement and Memory Cement Evaluation Delivery in Deepwater Operations, Nigeria
Authors: Jenakumo Timipere , Umeh Nnaemeka , Ugoh Oluwatobi , Onuigbo LSD , Oyedipe Peter Oluwaseyi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cement bond logs are traditionally acquired via wireline after the well has been drilled to its total depth. Waiting for wireline-based cement bond logs usually takes time and can cause delays in obtaining timely completion approvals from regulatory bodies. Turnaround times for providing cement bond logs (CBL) have been drastically reduced with the introduction of quantitative cement evaluation based on logging while drilling (LWD) memory data.
Further optimization of the delivery time of these cement bond logs has now been achieved with the introduction of simultaneous real-time top-of-cement (TOC) and quantitative cement evaluation services. Real-time TOC ensures the availability of CBL across the casing of the previous hole section, even before drilling the target reservoir section. Top-of-cement behind casing is identified in real-time, facilitating an immediate approach of the regulatory agency for completion approval. The consistency between real-time TOC and quantitative cement evaluation services based on LWD memory data provides a more robust decision on well integrity based on cement bond integrity.
Real-time top-of-cement and Cement Evaluation services acquired in recorded mode were simultaneously delivered in two deep water wells to validate their application – a first in Deepwater Operations in Nigeria. This paper presents the outcome of the work and outlines the workflow for providing the required CBL with the fast turnaround needed to obtain timely completion approval.
Oil Production Prediction Using Time Series Forecasting and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Omotosho Temitope James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Prediction of oil production is critical for the oil and gas industry, as it helps production engineers plan and execute strategic decisions. In the past, various empirical correlations and mathematical models have been utilized for this purpose. However, with the advent of data-driven techniques, machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Long Short-Term Memory neural network (LSTM), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), DeepAR, and others have been adopted for predicting oil production. This paper presents a comparative analysis of time series forecasting and machine learning techniques for predicting oil production, using the ARIMA, Prophet, Random Forest, CatBoost, and XGBoost Algorithms. Time series forecasting involves building models based on historical data and using them to make predictions for the future, while machine learning algorithms use data to train models that can accurately predict future outcomes. The study aims to develop a prediction model for oil production using daily production data obtained from the Volve production field in Norway. Results from this study demonstrate that while time series forecasting had a larger error margin and a negative coefficient of determination (R2 Score), while machine learning techniques improved the accuracy of the prediction, with the stacked regressor algorithm having an R2 score of 97.5%. Feature selection was done for the prediction, and features such as bottom-hole pressure, bottom-hole temperature, annulus pressure, choke size, and tubing downhole pressure contributed to the more accurate prediction of oil production.
In conclusion, the satisfactory results of the comparative analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in predicting oil production. This study can serve as a reference for production engineers looking to develop more accurate oil production prediction models using machine learning techniques.