bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic investigation of charge injection process in the bulk‐heterojunction P3HT:PCBM solar cell
Authors: Kanemoto Katsuichi , Domoto Shinya , Ohta Yukihiro , Ogata Akihiko , Hashimoto Hideki 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe effect of charge injection in solar cells is usually difficult to examine although it is expected to highly affect the solar cell operation. The effect of charge injection on the operation of bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells made from blend films of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and methanofullerene (PCBM) is studied using a spectroscopic technique combined with modulation of applied bias, termed a device modulation (DM) spectroscopic technique. The DM measurements enable selective detection of spectroscopic signals from injected P3HT polarons. The voltage dependent‐DM measurements in the dark condition reveal the starting point bias of charge injection (∼0 V) and the voltage‐dependence of the polaron density, directly from the spectroscopic signals. The frequency dependence of DM signals in the dark condition demonstrates that a bimolecular recombination process dominates the loss mechanism for the injected polarons (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of percolative quantum dot superlattice for printed light‐emitting devices
Authors: Toyama Toshihiko , Itatani Kazuki , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: October 2012

AbstractQuantum dot superlattices (QDSLs) are attractive for artificial crystal applications, and QDSLs fabricated via solution‐based methods show excellent potential for printed electronics, particularly for large‐area optoelectronic devices such as flat‐panel light‐emitting devices (LEDs), lighting, and solar cells. In this paper, we propose percolative QDSLs (P‐QDSLs), where quantum dots (QDs) are randomly dispersed in a host material, and if the QD volume fraction exceeds the percolation threshold, then percolation paths form naturally via the QDs. The P‐QDSL is therefore a random QDSL involving configurational disorder. We demonstrate the formation of P‐QDSLs using ZnO/MgO core/shell QDs fabricated via a solution‐based method and give preliminary results for their application to the printed emission layer in LEDs (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystal growth and evaluation of scintillation properties of Eu and alkali‐metal co‐doped LiSrAlF6 single crystals for thermal neutron detector
Authors: Wakahara Shingo , Yanagida Takayuki , Yokota Yuui , Yamaji Akihiro , Pejchal Jan , Fujimoto Yutaka , Sugiyama Makoto , Kurosawa Shunsuke , Kawaguchi Noriaki , Fukuda Kentaro , Yoshikawa Akira 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn recent work, Na co‐doping have found to improve the light output of Eu doped LiCaAlF6 (Eu:LiCAF) for thermal neutron scintillator. We grew Eu 2% and alkali metal 1% co‐doped LiSAF crystals by Micro‐Pulling down method to understand the effect of alkali metal co‐doping on scintillation properties and mechanism compared with LiCAF. In photo‐ and α‐ray induced radio‐luminescence spectra of the all grown crystals, the emissions from d‐f transition of Eu2+ were observed. Without relation to excitation source, decay times of co‐doped LiSAF were longer than Eu only doped one. The light yield of Na, K and Cs co‐doped LiSAF under 252Cf neutron excitation were improved. Especially, K co‐doped Eu:LiSAF reached 33200 ph/n, which outperformed Eu only doped one by approximately 20% (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Novel tellurite‐phosphate composite microstructured optical fibers for highly nonlinear applications
Authors: Tuan Tong Hoang , Asano Koji , Duan Zhongchao , Liao Meisong , Suzuki Takenobu , Ohishi Yasutake 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe propose highly nonlinear composite microstructured optical fibers (CMOFs) which consist of the TeO2‐ZnO‐Li2O‐Bi2O3 (TZLB) tellurite glass core surrounded by a ring of 6 air holes. The fibers were fabricated by a conventional casting rod‐in‐tube method. The size of core and air holes could be con‐trolled easily by inflation pressure. The P2O5‐ZnO‐Na2O‐K2O (PZNK) phosphate glass with similar thermal properties of TZLB was used as a cladding material. Since PZNK glass has low refractive index of 1.511 at 1.54 µm, the refractive index difference between the core and cladding is as large as 0.49 which is favorable to tailor the chromatic dispersion of highly nonlinear optical fibers. To realize zero‐flattened chromatic dispersion, the structure parameters such as the tellurite core diameter, the air hole diameter and the distance between the two neighboring air holes were optimized. As it was shown that zero dispersion wavelengths could be shifted freely from the mid‐infrared region to the telecom window by numerical calculation, we confirmed that our tellurite‐phosphate CMOFs are promising candidates as dispersion tailored highly nonlinear fibers for optical signal processing applications (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence dynamics in CuCl thin films under high‐dense one‐ and two‐photon excitations
Authors: Ando Mitsutake , Uozumi Shin‐ichi , Katayama Ikufumi , Ichimiya Masayoshi , Ashida Masaaki , Takeda Jun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe have investigated photoluminescence (PL) dynamics in CuCl thin films under high‐density one‐ and two‐photon excitations for excitonic states. Using the optical Kerr gate method, the formation and decay processes of biexctions were observed, and the time‐dependent effective temperature was evaluated. We also observed the SHG signals for the excitation laser pulses under the two‐photon excitation. However, we could not observe the PL band due to exciton‐exciton scattering processes (so‐called P emission) under any experimental conditions because of the high thermal stability of biexcitons in CuCl thin films (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wideband near‐infrared LED with over 1 mW power by stacked InAs quantum dots/GaAs
Authors: Fuchi Shingo , Tani Kazuma , Arai Takanori , Kamiyama Satoshi , Takeda Yoshikazu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe have fabricated stacked InAs quantum dots (QDs)/GaAs LED for a wideband near‐infrared light source. The 15‐stacked InAs QDs/GaAs structure and the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode were used for the LED. Good current‐voltage characteristics were achieved. The built‐in voltage was 1.0 V. Gaussian‐shape luminescence with a central wavelength of 1144 nm and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 99 nm was observed. We achieved a maximum output power of 2.9 mW. These LED properties should be suitable for practical applications. The transmission image of a finger was taken by using the 15‐stacked InAs QDs/GaAs LED and the InGaAs camera without special optical settings or the image processing. As a result, the blood vessel under the skin was observed. These results indicate that the 15‐stacked InAs QDs/GaAs LED can be equipped with practical measuring instruments (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Atomically smooth and single crystalline indium tin oxide thin film with low optical loss
Authors: Yasuhara Ryuichiro , Murai Shunsuke , Fujita Koji , Tanaka Katsuhisa 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe have fabricated a highly crystalline thin film of indium tin oxide (ITO) to examine the relationship between properties of charge carriers and their collective plasmonic response. The ITO thin film with atomically flat surface was epitaxially grown on a yittria‐stabilized zirconia substrate by using pulsed laser deposition. Attenuated total reflectance spectra for the infrared (IR) region in the Otto configuration show a dip for p ‐polarized light, corresponding to an excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. The IR reflectivity data can be well reproduced by the theoretical calculation based on the Fresnel model, in which the dielectric function of ITO is deduced from the Drude theory using the carrier density and mobility obtained by Hall measurement. The high carrier mobility in single crystalline ITO thin film is found to result in a significantly low optical loss in the IR region (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nonlinear optical constants of ionic conductors: a study based on the Sheik‐Bahae equation
Authors: Ikeda Shosuke , Aniya Masaru 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGuided by the prediction of the bond fluctuation model of superionic conductors, the relation between the nonlinear optical constants and the ion transport properties in ionic conductors has been studied. Since the measured values of nonlinear optical constants in ionic conductors are very limited, they have been evaluated through the Sheik‐Bahae equation. Using such values, it is shown that the activation energy of ion transport and the superionic transition temperature decrease with the increase of the nonlinear refractive index. It is also pointed out that the band gap energy and the linear refractive index in superionic conductors are relatively weakly correlated when compared with non‐superionic materials. The development of a new field of study that could be called photoionics is suggested (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of higher wave harmonics on the response of monopile type offshore wind turbines
Authors: Soyoz Serdar , Aydin Can 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTOffshore wind turbines (OWTs) are exposed to vibration‐induced forces throughout their operational lives that may cause a catastrophic failure unless resonance is avoided by proper stiffness design. The standard design procedure for the OWTs is such that the first structural frequency should be far away from the first wave frequency to eliminate resonance. In this study, a three‐bladed 5 MW monopile type OWT was first designed according to guidelines at a site located south of Massachusetts with a water depth of 25 m. Then, the effects of the higher wave harmonics on dynamic response of OWTs were investigated. Along this line, different combinations of structural and wave frequencies were considered, and it was found out that overturning moment, which is the most important design parameter, may increase as much as 45% as a result resonance of structure with higher wave harmonics (i.e., the second and third harmonics). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complex Salts of Lanthanide(III) Nitrates from Di­pyridylamine: Preparation, Structural, and Thermoanalytical ­Investigation
Authors: Papadopoulos Christos D. , Skoulika Stavroula , Hatzidimitriou Antonios G. , Lalia‐Kantouri Maria 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe reaction of a lanthanide(III) nitrate (Ln = Pr, Nd) with the base 2, 2′‐dipyridylamine (dpamH) afforded two very stable microcrystalline compounds. These compounds were characterized as complex salts with the general formula [Ln(NO3)6]·3[dpamH‐H+]·H2O, where the dpamH ligand is not coordinated, but exists in its protonated form serving as counterion (dipyridylammonium cation), as it was revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Each one of the nitrate ions is coordinated, however, in a bidentate manner with the lanthanide(III) ion, which obtains coordination number twelve. All organic dpamH‐H+ cations are arranged in two columns parallel to the a axis of the cell forming pairs of almost parallel cationic molecules at a distance of about 3.5 Å. Inside each pair the molecules interact by strong π–π interactions. The water molecules, arranged between the inorganic anions [Ln(NO3)6]3–, bridge them by strong hydrogen bonds, involving the water proton and one nitrate oxygen. The lattice can be described as made from successive organic and inorganic alternating parallel columns interacting between them with strong hydrogen bonds. The thermal stability and decomposition mode of the two lanthanide compounds were studied by the simultaneous TG/DTG‐DTA technique and compared with the starting hexahydrate lanthanide(III) salts and the dipyridylamine.
Synthesis, Structures, Luminescent and Magnetic Properties of Heterometallic 5p‐4f Compounds with Ethylenediaminetetra­acetate
Authors: Shen Juan , Jin Bo , Jiang Qi‐Ying , Zhong Guo‐Qing , Hu Ya‐Min , Huo Ji‐Chuan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract A series of heterometallic LnIII–SbIII edta‐containing compounds with the formulas [Sb2(edta)2Ln]NO3·nH2O [edta = ethylenediaminetetraacetate; Ln = Eu, n = 7 (1); Gd, n = 7.5 (2) and Tb, n = 8 (3)] were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses (EA), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXDP), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Their fluorescence and magnetic properties were also studied. The thermal analysis demonstrates the compounds formation of the antimony, lanthanide ions, and edta4– ligands. FT‐IR spectra reveal that the antimony and lanthanide ions are connected through the carboxylate bridges. The studies of luminescence properties show that compounds 1 and 3 exhibit typical luminescence in the visible region. Furthermore, magnetic properties reveal compounds 2 and 3 have weak ferromagnetic behavior.
The male reproductive system in classic galactosemia: cryptorchidism and low semen volume
Authors: Gubbels Cynthia S. , Welt Corrine K. , Dumoulin John C. M. , Robben Simon G. F. , Gordon Catherine M. , Dunselman Gerard A. J. , Rubio‐Gozalbo M. Estela , Berry Gerard T. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPrevious studies examining reproductive parameters in men with galactosemia have inconsistently demonstrated abnormalities. We hypothesized that men with galactosemia may demonstrate evidence of reproductive dysfunction. Pubertal history, physical examination, hormone levels and semen analyses were examined in 26 males with galactosemia and compared to those in 46 controls. The prevalence of cryptorchidism was higher in men with galactosemia than in the general population [11.6 % vs. 1.0 % (95%CI: 0.75–1.26; p < 0.001)]. Testosterone (461 ± 125 vs. 532 ± 133 ng%; p = 0.04), inhibin B (144 ± 66 vs. 183 ± 52 pg/mL; p = 0.002) and sperm concentration (46 ± 36 vs. 112 ± 75 × 106 spermatozoa/mL; p = 0.01) were lower and SHBG was higher (40.7 ± 21.5 vs 26.7 ± 14.6; p = 0.002) in men with galactosemia compared to controls. Semen volume was below normal in seven out of 12 men with galactosemia. Men with galactosemia have a higher than expected prevalence of cryptorchidism and low semen volumes. The subtle decrease in testosterone and inhibin B levels and sperm count may indicate mild defects in Sertoli and Leydig cell function, but does not point towards severe infertility causing reproductive impairment. Follow‐up studies are needed to further determine the clinical consequences of these abnormalities.
Cross‐sectional baseline analysis of electrocardiography in a large cohort of patients with untreated Fabry disease
Authors: Niemann Markus , Hartmann Tanja , Namdar Mehdi , Breunig Frank , Beer Meinrad , Machann Wolfram , Herrmann Sebastian , Ertl Georg , Wanner Christoph , Weidemann Frank 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundMorphology and function of Fabry cardiomyopathy has been previously studied by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). However, the value of electrocardiography (ECG) in relation to these two techniques remains largely unknown.MethodsOne hundred fifty genetically confirmed Fabry patients were investigated using a comprehensive clinical workup comprising 12‐lead ECG, echocardiography, and CMR.ResultsECG parameters at rest [PR, P wave, QT, QTc, QT dispersion and time interval from the peak to the end of the T wave (Tpeak to Tend)] were normal in the entire cohort and did not distinguish between males and females or stages of cardiomyopathy. A significant positive correlation was found between left ventricular (LV) mass on CMR and both the QRS duration and the LV Sokolow index, with the highest values in male patients with an advanced cardiomyopathy stage. No prediction of late enhancement on CMR (a sign for replacement fibrosis) was possible by a single ECG parameter. However, the absence of ST or T alterations (in 37 of 38 patients) specifically excluded late enhancement on CMR.ConclusionOur data in a large cohort of Fabry patients, including all cardiomyopathy stages, show, in contrast to former assumptions, that ECG parameters are not suitable to stage Fabry cardiomoypathy. Most ECG parameters were normal in the complete cohort. However, the absence of ST or T alterations seems to almost exclude late enhancement on CMR in these patients.
CD4+ Regulatory and Effector/Memory T Cell Subsets Profile Motor Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Saunders Jessica A. Hutter , Estes Katherine A. , Kosloski Lisa M. , Allen Heather E. , Dempsey Kathryn M. , Torres-Russotto Diego R. , Meza Jane L. , Santamaria Pamela M. , Bertoni John M. , Murman Daniel L. , Ali Hesham H. , Standaert David G. , Mosley R. Lee , Gendelman Howard E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAnimal models and clinical studies have linked the innate and adaptive immune system to the pathology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Despite such progress, the specific immune responses that influence disease progression have eluded investigators. Herein, we assessed relationships between T cell phenotype and function with PD progression. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from two separate cohorts, a discovery cohort and a validation cohort, totaling 113 PD patients and 96 age- and environment-matched caregivers were examined by flow cytometric analysis and T cell proliferation assays. Increased effector/memory T cells (Tem), defined as CD45RO+ and FAS+ CD4+ T cells and decreased CD31+ and α4β7+ CD4+ T cells were associated with progressive Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III scores. However, no associations were seen between immune biomarkers and increased age or disease duration. Impaired abilities of regulatory T cells (Treg) from PD patients to suppress effector T cell function was observed. These data support the concept that chronic immune stimulation, notably Tem activation and Treg dysfunction is linked to PD pathobiology and disease severity, but not disease duration. The association of T cell phenotypes with motor symptoms provides fresh avenues for novel biomarkers and therapeutic designs.
Preparation of Comb‐Like Amphiphilic Styrene Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Derivatives and Their Modification to Surface of Chrome‐Tanned Collagen Fiber
Authors: Qiang Xi‐huai , Ma Lin‐lin , Yan Zhe , Zhang Hui 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA series of comb‐like amphiphilic surfactants of sodium salts of fatty alcohol polyoxyvinethene monoester, i.e., SMA‐g‐O‐3, SMA‐g‐O‐6, SMA‐g‐O‐10, SMA‐g‐O‐15 and SMA‐g‐O‐20, were prepared through the esterification modification to styrene‐maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) using fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in dimethylformamide(DMF). The products of esterification modification were characterized by FTIR and GPC analysis, and the esterification reaction rate was calculated by measuring the acid values of SMA and its esterification product. Then, sodium salts of those esterification substances were applied to the leather retaining and fatliquoring process to study their effects on hydrophobicity of the treated leather fiber, such as static Water Contact Angle (WCA) on the leather surface and water absorption of the treated leather. Results showed that all the esterification rates were more than 90 %; moreover, both the WCA and water absorption of the processed chrome‐tanned collagen fibers were related to the number of oxyethyl groups in the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether. WCA decreases and water absorption increases instead with augmentation of the oxyethyl group number.
Single‐Cell Oils as a Source of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids: An Overview of Recent Advances
Authors: Armenta Roberto E. , Valentine Mercia C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOmega‐3 fatty acids, namely docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, have been linked to several beneficial health effects (i.e. mitigation effects of hypertension, stroke, diabetes, osteoporosis, depression, schizophrenia, asthma, macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.). The main source of omega‐3 fatty acids is fish oil; lately however, fish oil market prices have increased significantly. This has prompted a significant amount of research on the use of single‐cell oils as a source of omega‐3 fatty acids. Some of the microbes reported to produce edible oil that contains omega‐3 fatty acids are from the genus Schizochytrium, Thraustochytrium and Ulkenia. An advantage of a single cell oil is that it usually contains a significant amount of natural antioxidants (i.e. carotenoids and tocopherols), which can protect omega‐3 fatty acids from oxidation, hence making this oil less prone to oxidation than oils derived from plants and marine animals. Production yields of single cell oils and of omega‐3 fatty acids vary with the microbe used, with the fermentative growing conditions, and extractive procedures employed to recover the oil. This paper presents an overview of recent advances, reported within the last 10 years, in the production of single cell oils rich in omega‐3 fatty acids.
The contribution of personal and exposure characteristics to the adjustment of adolescents following war
Authors: Lavi T. , Green O. , Dekel R. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe study examined the unique contribution of both personal characteristics and several types of exposure variables to the adjustment of Israeli adolescents following the Second Lebanon War. Two thousand three hundred and fourteen adolescents, who lived in areas that were the target of multiple missile attacks, completed self‐report questionnaires assessing personal characteristics of gender and early traumatic events, subjective exposure (i.e., measures of fear and shortage of basic necessities during the war), objective exposure (i.e., exposure to missile attacks, knowing someone who was wounded or killed) and media exposure. Fifteen percent of the adolescents reported moderate or severe post‐traumatic symptoms. Girls and adolescents who experienced earlier traumatic events were at higher risk for distress. While the level of direct exposure contributed to greater distress, the contribution of subjective exposure was significantly stronger. The discussion deals with the unique contribution of both subjective and objective characteristics to post‐war adjustment.
Sub-optimal parenting is associated with schizotypic and anxiety personality traits in adulthood
Authors: Giakoumaki S.G. , Roussos P. , Zouraraki C. , Spanoudakis E. , Mavrikaki M. , Tsapakis E.M. , Bitsios P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPart of the variation in personality characteristics has been attributed to the child–parent interaction and sub-optimal parenting has been associated with psychiatric morbidity. In the present study, an extensive battery of personality scales (Trait Anxiety Inventory, Behavioural Inhibition/Activation System questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, Temperament and Character Inventory, Schizotypal Traits Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale) and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) were administered in 324 adult healthy males to elucidate the effects of parenting on personality configuration. Personality variables were analysed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the factors “Schizotypy”, “Anxiety”, “Behavioural activation”, “Novelty seeking” and “Reward dependence” were extracted. Associations between personality factors with PBI “care” and “overprotection” scores were examined with regression analyses. Subjects were divided into “parental style” groups and personality factors were subjected to categorical analyses. “Schizotypy” and “Anxiety” were significantly predicted by high maternal overprotection and low paternal care. In addition, the Affectionless control group (low care/high overprotection) had higher “Schizotypy” and “Anxiety” compared with the Optimal Parenting group (high care/low overprotection). These results further validate sub-optimal parenting as an important environmental exposure and extend our understanding on the mechanisms by which it increases risk for psychiatric morbidity.