bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical presentation of a Roma family with autosomal recessive Usher Syndrome
Authors: KOEV K , CHERNINKOVA S , KAMENAROVA K , GEORGIEV R , KANEVA R 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Usher Syndrome is a genetic condition involving sensory neural hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa (RP).RP is a heritable group of genetic diseases that is characterized by degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium due to loss of photoreceptors, primary rods and secondary cones.Methods We present 2 familial cases, brother (48 years old) and sister (45 years old), with Usher syndrome. According to family history data their grandmother (the mother of their father) had the same disease.Results The visual acuity of the brother was pplc of both eyes, while the visual acuity of the sister was 0,1 of both eyes. Fundoscopically we observed osteoclast‐like pigmentations in the posterior pole of the retina and in and around the macula lutea of both cases. In both cases we found narrowed arterioles and diffuse bilateral wax pallor of the papilla.The ERG of the both had micropotentials with lack of flicker response. The FA of both siblings – revealed dense osteoclast‐like pigment in the posterior pole and the macula area. In the case of the sister through Kugel perimetry was established tunnel vision to 10o. Humphrey perimetry showed reduced retinal sensitivity in bilateral central and peripheral zone; concentric narrowing of the visual field only for the sister.In both of the cases audiogram showed high rates of sensory neural bilateral hearing decrease.Conclusion The presented two cases of Usher syndrome are a significantly rarer form of RP with probable autosomal‐recessive form of inheritance. Blood for DNA analysis was taken.
POFAL Study: «Protection Oculaire Face aux Agressions Lasers», Phase I
Authors: EL CHEHAB H , BEMELMANS A , NOUVEL‐JAILLARD C , NIEPON ML , RENARD JP 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Risk of laser beam exposure, particularly to laser "pointers" easily available on open sale or on internet increases every year. Many incidents and accidents have been reported over the last three years in France. The purpose of this study is to try to determine a retinal lesion threshold secondary to such exposures.Methods A laser system (532nm) with a power and duration control has been developed specifically for this study to achieve exposure. A first phase was performed in pigmented rodents with different combinations of time ‐ power beam exposure. Powers ranged from 0.5 to 4.5mW and durations from 0.1 to 0.35sec. A second phase was performed in non‐human primates (NPH) with blink reflex time (0.25sec) and 1, 2, 3.5 and 4.5mW. Histological analysis of outer layers and immunoassay to assess tissular damage (GFAP) were performed to each phase.Results A significant correlation between energy and photoreceptor thickness is found in rodents. Histological analysis did not find a structural alteration or combination threshold. Immunoassay confirm tissular damage in inner layers. Photoreceptors alterations are located at foveal zone in NHP. Outer layers thickness is statistically lower when exposure power is greater than 1mW. A significant correlation between energy and photoreceptor thickness is also found only in foveal zone.Conclusion This study reports systematic tissue damage when power exposures correspond to upper limits of the class II lasers (1mW). This is the first in‐vivo study analyzing exposure effects to low power laser beam or easily accessible. These initial results are used to guide and adapt research on protection systems for people exposed.
Improved analysis of the outer foveal microstructure ‐ OCT imaging of healthy and abnormal retina
Authors: SJÖSTRAND J , NILSSON M , ROSÉN R , POPOVIC Z 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To improve visualization and segmentation of the foveal photoreceptors from the level of outer segments to the synapse layer in the inner portion of the outer plexiform layer. Furthermore, to create a normative model of the topography of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) with cone and rod cell bodies and the Henle fiber layer (HFL) with the axons radiating out from the foveal center (FC). An improved separation of ONL and HFL is clinically relevant for the understanding of microstructural changes in abnormal retina.Methods Selected eyes from 14 normals and 5 young adults with a history of prematurity were imaged using a commercial spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) system. Centered and displaced SD‐OCT entrance beam positions were used to obtain straight and tilted scans, respectively. Horizontal scans through FC with a distinct light reflex were selected for analysis. Straight and tilted SD‐OCT images were flattened to the RPE layer prior to registration and averaging. Retinal layer thickness was measured manually at FC and three lateral positions along the temporal and nasal hemi‐meridians.Results We found a close correspondence between layer thickness measurements at the same lateral positions for both straight and tilted scans. However, a discrepancy was found for the tilt‐up paracentral position for tilted scans, where the foveal slope appeared flatter and the thickness of inner retinal layers was lower than in the straight and tilt‐down positions.Conclusion Improved visualization of HFL/ONL was confirmed in tilted images. Image flattening and registration simplifies measurement of outer foveal layers in normal and abnormal retina.
Unilateral peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation and optic disc rotation
Authors: DAI Y , JONAS J , LING Z , SUN X 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To examine the morphology of the optic nerve head in patients with unilateral peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitations (PICCs).Methods The hospital‐based observational study included patients with unilateral PICCs. Tomographic images of the parapapillary fundus were taken by enhanced depth imaging mode of optical coherent tomography. The ocular biometric parameters were compared between the affected eyes and the contralateral unaffected eyes.Results The study population consisted of 30 patients with a mean age of 42.7±13.8 years (range:22‐72 years), mean axial length of 26.7±2.4 mm (range: 22.00‐32.30 mm) and mean refractive error of ‐8.71±5.21 diopters (range: ‐20.50 diopters to +0.50 diopters). In the eyes affected by PICC as compared with the contralateral eyes, the vertical optic disc diameter (P=0.001) and the minimal disc diameter (P=0.03) were significantly shorter, the ratio of minimal to maximal disc diameter was significantly lower (P=0.02), and the angle of disc rotation was significantly higher (P<0.001).Conclusion In patients with unilateral PICCS, the eyes with PICCs as compared with the contralateral eyes have optic discs which are more spindle‐like configured due to a disc rotation around the vertical axis and around the sagittal axis. In association with the myopic axial elongation in PICC eyes, the findings may suggest that PICCs are associated with an external traction of the optic nerve at its adhesion at the optic nerve head, leading to a rotation of the optic disc into the temporal inferior direction and simultaneously leading to an increased distance between the parapapillary sclera and parapapillary Bruch´s membrane.
Retinal vessel course and retinal nerve fiber bundle trajectories in the human eye
Authors: JANSONIUS NM , QIU K , SCHIEFER J , NEVALAINEN J , PAETZOLD J , SCHIEFER U 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To determine the relationship between the retinal vessel course and the retinal nerve fiber bundle (RNFB) trajectories in the human retina.Methods High‐quality fundus photographs were used, comprising 28 eyes of 28 subjects (Exp Eye Res 2012). Mean (range) refraction was ‐0.4 (‐8.75 to +6.25) D. In total 625 RNFB trajectories were traced. For all individual trajectories, the departure from the previously published RNFB trajectory model (Vision Res 2009) was calculated. Subsequently, we calculated, per subject, a 'mean departure' for the superior‐temporal and inferior‐temporal regions. To quantify the retinal vessel course, we measured the angles between a line connecting the centers of the fovea and the ONH and a line connecting the center of the ONH and the crossing of the superior or inferior temporal artery or vene with a circle around the ONH; circle radius was half the fovea‐ONH distance. This yielded four angles: AAS, AVS, AAI, and AVI. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed for the superior‐temporal and inferior‐temporal regions separately, with mean departure as dependent variable and refraction, ONH inclination, and the vessel angles as independent variables.Results In the superior‐temporal region, refraction (P=0.017), ONH inclination (P=0.021), and AAS (P<0.001) were significantly associated with mean departure. The explained variance was 0.54. In the inferior‐temporal region, AAI (P=0.037) and AVI (P=0.021) were significantly associated with mean departure. The explained variance was 0.30.Conclusion The wiring of the human retina displays a considerable variability. The angles at which the vessels leave the ONH explain an important part of this variability.
Comparison of subfoveal choroidal thickness changes following two different doses of intravitreal bevacizumab therapy for branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: LEE S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate the effects of two different doses of intravitreal bevacizumab on subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFChT) in patients with branched retinal vein occlusion.Methods An interventional, retrospective study of patients that were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injection and had completed 12 months of follow‐up. The study included 16 eyes (16 patients) in the group 1 (1.25mg dose bevacizumb) and 15 eyes (15 patients) in the group 2 (2.5mg dose bevacizumab). Complete ophthalmic examination, fluorescein angiography, and enhanced depth imaging from spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD‐OCT) were performed at baseline, and during the follow‐up visits.Results In the group 1, the mean central retinal thickness(CRT) decreased from 553.0±199.8 µm before, 277.0±56.5 µm at 6 months, and 287.1±40.3 µm at 12 months(P<0.05). The average BCVA were 0.90 ± 0.66, 0.23 ± 0.13, and 0.20 ± 0.16 logMAR, respectively. In the group 2, the mean CRT decreased from 515.0±129.3 µm before, and 286.5±85.2 µm at 6 months, and 309.6±69.3 µm at 12 months(P<0.05). The average BCVA were 0.50 ± 0.22, 0.30 ± 0.15, and 0.26 ± 0.14 logMAR, respectively. The SFChT decreased from 269.0 µm (165‐431) to 259.5 µm (149‐413) in the group 1 and from 322.6 µm (212‐483) to 315.1 µm (199‐514) in the group 2. There was no significant difference regarding the CRT change and SFChT between groups (p = 0.48, p = 0.22).Conclusion The SFChT did not change significantly after intravitreal bevacizumab injection in two groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the two dose groups with regard to CRT, SFChT, and change in visual acuity.
Correlation between hiperreflective foci in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, and visual outcomes after an intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection
Authors: ALMENARA MICHELENA C , ASCASO FJ , LAVILLA L , CRISTOBAL J , ZABADANI K , CARAMELLO C , MARTINEZ M , HERRERA L , ESTEBAN O 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate the relationship between the presence of macular hyperreflective dots (HRD) detected by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) and visual outcomes in eyes with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO), following treatment with intravitreal dexamethasone implant.Methods Retrospective observational study of 16 consecutive cases of RVO‐associated macular edema treated with Ozurdex®. The correlation between best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logMAR), central macular thickness (CMT) and the presence of HRD in SD‐OCT before the treatment and two months postoperatively was determined.Results CMT decreased significantly after treatment (553±131 μm vs 300±67 μm, p <0.0001). Although there was a visual acuity improvement in seven of the 16 eyes (43.7%), there were no significant differences in BCVA between before and following treatment (0.61±0.28 vs 0,59±0.31, p> 0.05). Numerous HRD were detected in 11 eyes (68.8%), disappearing in eight of them (72.7%) after corticosteroid intravitreal therapy. Two months following treatment, logMAR BCVA was significantly worse in the eyes with numerous HRD (0.90±0.17) than in those with few or absent HRD (0.52 ±0.29) (p = 0.045, independent Student t test).Conclusion Disappearance of HRD following intravitreal dexamethasone therapy and the consequent improvement in visual function would support the hypothesis that hiperreflective foci could represent inflammatory cells. Nevertheless, the presence of HRD in SD‐OCT was not able to predict BCVA after intravitreal Ozurdex®.
Why should we systematically screen sleep apnea syndrome in RVO patients?
Authors: RUSSO A , DOT C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS ) has recently been identified as an independent cardiovascular risk factor ,involved in numerous diseases The aim of our study is to evaluate the prevalence and physiopathologic links of SAS in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).Methods Prospective study including 35 patients. Each patient had a simplified screening questionary, and an ambulatory respiratory nocturnal events measurement using the device RU‐sleeping© (Philips Respironics,Inc.).Ventilatory polysomnography (VPS), reference method, is associated in all cases.Results Mean age of patients was 73.6 year, the sex ratio of 1.4 and CRVO as many as BRVO. Glaucoma was found in 31% of patients, hypertension in 52%. Signs of SAS were noted in 95% of patients. The prevalence of severe SAS detected by RU‐sleeping© is 84%, it is significantly higher than that of the population over 60 years (25%) (p <0.001). Preliminary results of VPS are very interesting : they found a strong linear correlation between initial macular thickness evalued by SD OCT(590 +/‐ 170μm ) and results of Apnea‐Hypopnea Index (r=0.88, p=0.004), Arousal Index (r=0.74, p=0.035) and Oxygen Desaturation Index (r=0.58, p=0.027) . Side effects of SAS could explain the occurrence of RVO. RVO could be a consequence of a slow‐down of blood flow circulation secondary to hypoxemia, elevated nocturnal intracranial pressure and rheologic variations in SAS. Arousals cause an additional acute increase in arterial blood pressure and heart rate.Conclusion The results of this preliminary study show a high prevalence of severe SAS in the RVO population. The benefit of early ventilation on prognosis post‐RVO is still unknown. RU‐sleeping© is a simple medical device, which seems interesting for screening SAS ambulatory.
A new model for studying diameter regulation of porcine retinal arterioles and capillaries in vitro
Authors: JENSEN PS , BEK T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Studies of diameter regulation in retinal arterioles in vitro have mostly been performed on larger vessels, but evidence suggests that perturbations in the retinal microcirculation may also play a role in the development of vision threatening retinal diseases. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to develop an in vitro technique for studying diameter regulation in both larger and smaller vessels.Methods A special tissue chamber was developed for mounting, cannulating and perfusing porcine hemiretinas while controlling temperature, pH and oxygen saturation. The chamber was mounted in a flourescens microscope, and the effect on the diameter of larger arterioles, pre‐capillary arterioles and capillaries was studied after intravascular and extravascular addition of the thromboxane analogue U46619 and lactate (n=6 for each variable) and NMDA (preliminary).Results In all vessel calibers the thromboxane analogue U46619 induced a significant contraction after extraluminal application (p<0.02), but not after intraluminal (p>0.13). Lactate had no effect on the diameter of non‐precontracted vessels (p>0.21), but in pre‐contracted vessels lactate relaxed the vessel diameter.Conclusion The response to vasoactive compounds is different after intraluminal and extraluminal application, and the diameter response of vasoactive compounds is different in larger and smaller retinal vessels. The dilating effect of lactate depends on the state of contraction of the retinal vessel.
Retinal vessel oxygen saturation in diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular disease and its association with renal function
Authors: HEITMAR R , BLANN A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To explore the association of renal function and retinal vessel oxygen saturation in patients suffering from diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Methods We examined three groups of patients (1: Diabetics, 2: Diabetics with cardiovascular disease and 3: patients suffering from cardiovascular disease without diabetes). All patients Intraocular Pressure, Systemic Blood Pressure and Dual Wavelength Retinal Vessel Oxygen Saturation (arterial and venous vessel saturation and a‐v saturation difference) and Retinal Vessel Calibers were measured following phlebotomy to determine their HbA1c levels. Markers of renal function (ceratinine, eGfr and uACR) were measured in all patients.Results All three groups were age matched (1: 63 (10)yrs; 2: 64 (9)yrs and 3:65 (10)yrs). Unsurprisingly HbA1c was significantly different between groups (p<0.001), while Intraocular Pressure and Systemic Blood Pressure variables were comparable. While arterial and venous oxygen saturation were comparable between groups, the cardiovascular group had the lowest venous saturation, resulting in the highest a‐v values but this was not statistically significant. Markers of renal function showed a statistically significant correlation with a‐v saturation values in patients suffering from both: diabetes and cardiovascular disease (eGfR and a‐v‐saturation: r=0.65, p=0.001) but not in those suffering from cardiovascular disease alone (r=0.36, p=0.063).Conclusion Retinal vessel oxygen saturation parameters appear to be associated with renal function in patients suffering from both diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Severity of type 2 diabetes in Seine St Denis among patients with diabetic macular edema treated by antiVEGF
Authors: STEPHAN S , FAJNKUCHEN F , GIOCANTI‐AUREGAN A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of loss of vision over the course of diabetes. In this study we sought to know whether DME was more severe in Seine st Denis, a french area, where the poverty is higher than in other french placMethods We enrolled all patients suffering from DME and treated by ranibizumab intravitreal injections between November 2012 and April 2013. In order to evaluate the severity of DME and the medical management of diabetes of these patients, we collected the following parameters: central macular thickness measured by SD‐OCT, the best corrected visual acuity, diabetic retinopathy severity, HbA1c, diabetes duration, and associated diseases.Results We included 25 type 2 diabetic patients (8 women and 17 men), the mean age was 64± 8,1 years. Mean central macular thickness was 523 ± 145 μm. The best corrected visual acuity was 51 letters at baseline (counting fingers‐ 70 letters). 22 patients (88%) had a severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy or a proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Mean HbA1c was 7,8% (+/‐ 2,3%). For 23 cases (92%), diabetes was associated with high blood pressure, and the average was 14,5±2 /8,5 ± 1,3 mmHg. Diabetes lasted for 13,1 years at baseline.Conclusion Diabetic patients, in this case series, had a more severe DME regarding macular thickness and visual acuity than patients from large randomized studies found in the literature. This severity could be due to a sub optimal management of their diabetes. DME may become a tool to witness a limited access to good medical cares.
Use of bromfenac eye drops in the treatment of diabetic macular edema: a pilot study
Authors: BLASETTI F , CASU G , D'AMICO RICCI G , BOSCIA F , PINNA A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the effect of bromfenac eye drops on diabetic macular edema (DME).Methods In this pilot study, 20 eyes of 20 patients with monocular DME were analyzed. Topical bromfenac was administered in the affected eye twice daily for 30 days. Visual acuity (VA) and macular thickness, determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT), were evaluated initially and after 30 days' therapy. Statistical analysis was performed by Student’s t test.Results Pre‐treatment mean VA was 0.38±0.2 logMAR and final mean VA was 0.41±0.18 logMAR, a not statistically significant result (p=0.21). Initial mean macular thickness was 476.15±130.16 μm and post‐treatment macular thickness was 413.8±161.13 μm, a statistically significant difference (p=0.04).Conclusion The results of this pilot study suggest that topical bromfenac twice daily may play a role in the reduction of DME. This preliminary finding is interesting; however, further larger multi‐centre studies are necessary to establish whether, or not, topical bromfenac may be beneficial in the treatment of DME.
The efficacy of dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex 700 μg) in refractory diabetic macular oedema
Authors: KARTTUNEN T , KAARNIRANTA K , KINNUNEN K 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The efficacy of dexamethasone implant in refractory diabetic macular oedema (DMO).Methods 24 eyes of 22 patients having single dexamethasone implant for refractory DMO were included in the study. Patients with another retinal disease causing macular oedema were excluded. The patient data was collected and analyzed retrospectively. As a demographic data, age, gender and the type of diabetes and duration of DMO were collected. Morphology of the retina and changes in foveal thickness were analyzed with Heidelberg SD‐OCT. Furthermore improvement in the best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and changes in the intraocular pressure (IOP) were observed.Results The mean age of patients was 65,6 (±10,6) years. 36,4% were female and 63,6% were male. 22,7% had type 1 (DM1) and 77,3% had type 2 diabetes (DM2). The mean duration of DMO was 26,1 (±23,8) months. 90,9% of the eyes had had previous argon laser treatment to macula and/or periphery. Panphotocoagulation was made in 29,2% of the eyes, 87,5% of the eyes were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (4,3 ±3,0 injections) and 37,5% were treated with triamcinolone before. The mean BCVA at baseline was 0,34 (±0,17) in Snellen. Best improvement in visual acuity was seen 120,5 (±78,8) days after dexamethasone implant. Best achieved VA was 0,53 (±0,19). Baseline foveal thickness was 413,4 (±120,2) μm and at the point of best achieved VA 333,5 (±46,5) μm. Vitrectomy was performed in 20,8% before. 45,8% of the eyes were phakic and cataract developed in 72,7% of these eyes. The highest increase in IOP was 4,9 (±6,5) mmHg. 8,3% of the eyes needed IOP lowering medication.Conclusion We suggest that dexamethasone implant is a useful treatment in DMO even in relatively poor eyes.
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