bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of positive surgical margins and their location in Korean men undergoing radical prostatectomy
Authors: Choo Min Soo , Cho Sung Yong , Jeong Chang Wook , Lee Seung Bae , Ku Ja Hyeon , Hong Sung Kyu , Byun Seok‐Soo , Kwak Cheol , Kim Hyeon Hoe , Lee Sang Eun , Jeong Hyeon 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate preoperative predictors of positive surgical margins and their location in Korean men undergoing radical prostatectomy.MethodsA total of 3227 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy (open, robotic or laparoscopic) for clinically localized prostate cancer at three centers between 2000 and 2010 were analyzed. Patients were stratified by using the D'Amico risk criteria. Positive surgical margins were categorized according to their location. Patients were divided depending on their prostate volume: <29, 29–36, 36–46 and ≥46 mL. All of the patients had a minimum of six. A total of 2041 patients (84.9%) underwent 12–14 core biopsies. In each patient, the number and location of positive cores with cancer were assessed. In the analysis of predictive factors for positive surgical margin locations, regression analysis was carried out using only open and robotic prostatectomy.ResultsThe preoperative prostate‐specific antigen, prostate volume, biopsy Gleason scores and clinical stage were significantly associated with an increased risk of positive surgical margins. The predictive variables for positive apical margin were small prostate volume (less than 29 mL) and positive apical biopsy. There were no statistically significant predictors for positive posterolateral or basal margin. Positive apical biopsy was the predictor of positive apical margin in open (odds ratio 1.7, P = 0.009) and robotic prostatectomy (odds ratio 2.2, P = 0.041). Small prostate volume was the predictor of positive apical margin in open prostatectomy (odds ratio 1.6, P = 0.012), but for positive basal margin in robotic radical prostatectomy (odds ratio 4.5, P < 0.001). In survival analysis, positive basal margin showed worse prognoses on biochemical recurrence than positive apical margin.ConclusionsHigh prostate‐specific antigen and small prostate volume are predictive factors of positive surgical margin in Korean patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Apical positivity on extended transrectal biopsy represents a predictive factor of positive surgical margin. Small prostate volume is associated with higher risk of positive surgical margins at the apex in open radical prostatectomy and at the base in robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
Maxillofacial Prosthetics: In Theory and Practice
Authors: Valauri Augustus J. 
Published: May 2014

This paper deals with prosthetic therapy and replacement of deformities of the facial organs such as ear, nose and orbit. Facial prosthesis may be used as a temporary measure in cases of hiding the deformity during the treatment phase, or as a permanent restoration to be worn by the patient for the rest of his or her life when plastic surgery reconstruction is contraindicated.The historical development of the modern day prothesis, the various material available, their desired qualities, properties and the method of fabricating them are briefly discussed. Maxillofacial prosthetic advantages and disadvantages are enumerated. Patient responsibility and the care of the prosthesis is illustrated.
Book Review
Authors: Rogers Blair 
Published: May 2014

THE UNFAVORABLE RESULT IN PLASTIC SURGERY: AVOIDANCE AND TREATMENT. Edited by Robert M. Goldwyn with 54 contributing authors. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, ($38.50).COSMETIC FACIAL SURGERY by Thomas D. Rees and Donald Wood‐Smith. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, ($55.00).
Book Reviews
Authors: Rogers Blair 
Published: May 2014

THE UNFAVORABLE RESULT IN PLASTIC SURGERY: AVOIDANCE AND TREATMENT. Edited by Robert M. Goldwyn with 54 contributing authors. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, ($38.50).COSMETIC FACIAL SURGERY by Thomas D. Rees and Donald Wood‐Smith. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, ($55.00).
Book Reviews
Authors: Rogers Blair 
Published: May 2014

ELECTIVE INCISIONS AND SCAR REVISION. Albert F. Borges. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 1974. $30.00.TRANSFORMATION AND IDENTITY: THE FACE AND PLASTIC SURGERY. Frances Cooke Macgregor. Quadrangle, The New York Times Book Company, New York, 1974. $8.95.
The Cryobiological Basis for Cryosurgery
Authors: Farrant John , Walter C.A. 
Published: May 2014

This paper discusses two important biological factors contributing to the death of cells within any region that is frozen cryosurgically.The first factor is the relationship between cell death and the thermal history experienced by each cell Freezing with a single probe as usually done cannot provide sufficiently uniform conditions of cooling and warming to ensure widespread cell death. This situation can be improved by cycling a single probe at subzero temperatures or by the use of a multiple probe.The second factor is that of possible immunological responses induced by cryosurgical freezing. Improvements in understanding of biological implications of low temperatures in cryosurgery will aid the practical usefulness of these techniques.
Prevalence of Nevocytic Nevi on Lateral and Medial Aspects of Arms
Authors: Kopf Alfred W. , Lazar Mark , Bart Robert S. , Dubin Neil , Bromberg Judith 
Published: May 2014

The numbers of clinically diagnosed, elevated nevocytic nevi (at least 2 mm in diameter) within 50 sq cm areas on the lateral and medial aspects of the arms of 1,000 subjects (age range 2 to 87 years) were compared. A total of 349 nevi was found on the lateral aspects and only 116 on the medial aspects of arms. Nevi were found on the lateral aspects of the arms in 23.4% (234) of the subjects and on the medial aspects in but 10.9% (109) of the subjects. These differences are highly significant in both men and women. Nevi were found in 30.2% (281) of the 930 whites but in only 9.1% (5) of the 55 blacks included in the study. Also, blacks did not show greater prevalence of nevi on the lateral as compared to the medial aspects of their arms.One explanation for the greater prevalence of nevi on the lateral over that on the medial aspects of the arms is that sunlight plays a role in the induction of acquired nevocytic nevi.
Hypopigmentation at the Site of Application of a Tourniquet
Authors: Testa N. Noel , Waingankar Shriniuas , Auerbach Robert 
Published: May 2014

Hypopigmentation at a site of application of a tourniquet has not to our knowledge been reported in the literature. We are reporting such a case.We have conjectured that this hypopigmentation may be due to temporary anoxia suffered by melanocytes.
Dermal Overgrafting in Dermatology
Authors: Trimble James R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSplit‐thickness or full‐thickness grafts “take” on a bed of scar tissue or dermis following the removal of the epidermis. The technique is useful in repairing unstable scars from chronic leg ulcers or x‐ray scars. It also can camouflage acne scars, extensive nevi pigmentosus, and tattoos. Examples of their use in dermatology are presented.
Reconstruction of Nasal Defects Using Full‐Thickness Skin Grafts: A Personal Reappraisal
Authors: Hill Thomas G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn spite of occasional difficulties in matching local skin color and texture, full‐thickness skin graft reconstruction is usually a more satisfactory procedure than skin flap surgery for nasal defects. The reasons for skin graft preference are reviewed and discussed as are technical considerations and postoperative care. To achieve maximum aesthetic results dermabrasion revision is recommended.
The Usefulness and Versatility of V‐Y Advancement Flaps
Authors: Peled Isaac J. , Wexler Menachem R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe usefulness and versatility of a subcutaneously based, triangular, island flap (a V‐Y advancement flap) is presented. In the authors' opinion, it offers another satisfactory way of closing facial defects in a simple, single‐stage procedure with very gratifying results.
The Rationale of Using the Rhomboid Fasciocutaneous Transposition Flap for the Radical Cure of Pilonidal Sinus
Authors: Azab A. Sherief , Kamal M.S. , El Bassyoni F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA simple, safe technique for complete excision of pilonidal pathology and immediate fasciocutaneous rhomboid flap closure is presented. Twenty‐five patients were treated. All wounds healed by first intention, with no patient remaining in the hospital for more than 10 days. Earlier cases were followed up for 2 years. No recurrence has yet been encountered.
Development and psychometric testing of the ‘Motivation and Self‐Efficacy in Early Detection of Skin Lesions’ index
Authors: Dyson Judith , Cowdell Fiona 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test the Motivation and Self‐Efficacy in Early Detection of Skin Lesions Index.BackgroundSkin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. The primary strategy used to prevent skin cancer is promotion of sun avoidance and the use of sun protection. However, despite costly and extensive campaigns, cases of skin cancer continue to increase. If found and treated early, skin cancer is curable. Early detection is, therefore, very important. The study was conducted in 2013.DesignInstrument Development.MethodsA literature review and a survey identified barriers (factors that hinder) and levers (factors that help) to skin self‐examination. These were categorized according to a the Theoretical Domains Framework and this formed the basis of an instrument, which was tested for validity and reliability using confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha respectively.ResultsA five‐factor 20‐item instrument was used that tested well for reliability and construct validity. Test–retest reliability was good for all items and domains. The five factors were: (i) Outcome expectancies; (ii) Intention; (iii) Self‐efficacy; (iv) Social influences; (v) Memory.ConclusionsThe Motivation and Self‐Efficacy in Early Detection of Skin Lesions Index provides a reliable and valid method of assessing barriers and levers to skin self‐examination. The next step is to design a theory‐based intervention that can be tailored according to individual determinants to behaviour change identified by this instrument.
Low‐status aversion: the effect of self‐threat on willingness to buy and sell
Authors: Pan Caitlin , Pettit Nathan C. , Sivanathan Niro , Blader Steven L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractConsumption decisions are inherently rooted in both what to consume and what to forgo. Although prior research has focused on consumption, we instead examine what compels consumers to steer clear of particular goods. In two studies, we demonstrated that individuals experiencing self‐threat avoid low‐status goods to prevent further damage to their self‐worth. Individuals facing self‐threat showed a decreased willingness to buy (Study 1), and a correspondingly greater willingness to sell (Study 2) low‐status goods, as compared with nonthreatened individuals. Notably, these effects emerged even when such behaviors were associated with economic costs (Study 2). Together, these results highlight how the motive to preserve the self can affect market exchanges, thereby painting a more complete portrait of the relationship between consumption, status, and the self.
Performance of an anthropometric assessment method as a predictor of low birthweight and being small for gestational age
Authors: de Carvalho Padilha P. , Barros D. C. , Campos A. B. F. , Ayeta A. C. , Queiróz J. A. , Saunders C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate the performance of the method proposed in 2009 by the Institute of Medicine for the anthropometric assessment of pregnant women, predicting perinatal outcomes: adequacy of birthweight, adequacy of birthweight according to gestational age [small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA)] and gestational and neonatal complications.MethodsThe study comprised a cross‐sectional study involving 827 post‐partum women (>20 years) who were treated in a public maternity hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection occurred by interviews and record consultation. Adequacy of weight gain during pregnancy was determined as being insufficient and excessive for the recommended range according to nutritional status category. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for logistic regression.ResultsSome 36.2% of women initiated gestation with some weight deviation. The prevalence of the outcomes studied was 4.6% (n = 35) for low birthweight, 3.7% (n = 31) for SGA, 5.7% (n = 47) for LGA, 45.2% (n = 374) for pregnancy complications and 15.2% (n = 85) for neonatal complications. For women with insufficient weight gain, the new recommendation indicated a correlation in the prediction of low birthweight (OR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.53–9.21), SGA newborns (OR = 5.77, 95% CI = 2.10–15.8) and gestational complications (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.20–2.48).ConclusionsThe method evaluated demonstrated a better sensitivity and specificity for the main outcomes related to insufficient weight gain (low birthweight and SGA). Regarding excessive foetal growth (LGA), gestational and neonatal complications demonstrated sensitivity for an intermediate value.
Abiotic stress modifies the synthesis of alpha‐tocopherol and beta‐carotene in phytoplankton species
Authors: Häubner Norbert , Sylvander Peter , Vuori Kristiina , Snoeijs Pauline 
Published: May 2014

We performed laboratory experiments to investi‐gate whether the synthesis of the antioxidants α‐tocopherol (vitamin E) and β‐carotene in phytoplankton depends on changes in abiotic factors. Cultures of Nodularia spumigena, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Skeletonema costatum, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Prorocentrum cordatum, and Rhodomonas salina were incubated at different tempe‐ratures, photon flux densities and salinities for 48 h. We found that abiotic stress, within natural ecological ranges, affects the synthesis of the two antioxidants in different ways in different species. In most cases antioxidant production was stimulated by increased abiotic stress. In P. tricornutum KAC 37 and D. tertiolecta SCCAP K‐0591, both good producers of this compound, α‐tocopherol accumulation was negatively affected by environmentally induced higher photosystem II efficiency (Fv/Fm). On the other hand, β‐carotene accumulation was positively affected by higher Fv/Fm in N. spumigena KAC 7, P. tricornutum KAC 37, D. tertiolecta SCCAP K‐0591 and R. salina SCCAP K‐0294. These different patterns in the synthesis of the two compounds may be explained by their different locations and functions in the cell. While α‐tocopherol is heavily involved in the protection of prevention of lipid peroxidation in membranes, β‐carotene performs immediate photo‐oxidative protection in the antennae complex of photosystem II. Overall, our results suggest a high variability in the antioxidant pool of natural aquatic ecosystems, which can be subject to short‐term temperature, photon flux density and salinity fluctuations. The antioxidant levels in natural phytoplankton communities depend on species composition, the physiological condition of the species, and their respective strategies to deal with reactive oxygen species. Since α‐tocopherol and β‐carotene, as well as many other nonenzymatic antioxidants, are exclusively produced by photo‐synthetic organisms, and are required by higher trophic levels through dietary intake, regime shifts in the phytoplankton as a result of large‐scale environmental changes, such as climate change, may have serious consequences for aquatic food webs.
Parasitism by Cuscuta chilensis and gender affect how the nurse cushion Laretia acaulis increases diversity in Andean alpine communities
Authors: Ridenour Wendy M. , Callaway Ragan M. , Cavieres Lohengrin A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractQuestionAlthough there is a large amount of information about the anatomy, physiology and auto ecology of parasitic plants, much less is known about how they affect the interaction among other species and if they present gender preferences when the host is dioecious. The little knowledge available is focused on the effects of parasitic plants on negative plant interactions, but their indirect effects on facilitative interactions remains unexplored. We examined whether the parasitic plant Cuscuta chilensis showed gender preference on its host, the dioecious nurse cushion species Laretia acaulis, and how the presence of the Cuscuta affects relationships between Laretia and its community of beneficiary species.LocationCentral Chilean Andes.MethodsWe randomly sampled 50 L. acaulis cushions infected with Cuscuta, 50 Laretia cushions free of Cuscuta infection, and 50 open sites outside of cushions. We measured the area of each cushion selected, identified cushions as male or female, and identified, counted and recorded the numbers of each other species within cushions and in the open sites. We compared species richness among uninfected Laretia individuals, infected Laretia individuals and open sites, and between infected and uninfected patches within Laretia cushions. Further, we assessed the differences in species assemblage composition between each microhabitat by means of detrended correspondence analysis.ResultsFifteen out of 23 species were more common in Laretia cushions than in the open, non‐cushion habitat. Laretia without Cuscuta harboured 3.9 ± 0.2 species per cushion in comparison to 2.5 ± 0.2 species in open habitats. Infection of Laretia cushions by Cuscuta was female‐biased and this infection was associated with an increase in the nurse plant effects of Laretia, with seven of 23 species more common in Cuscuta‐infected cushions than in cushions without Cuscuta, and a mean of 5.9 ± 0.3 species per Cuscuta‐infected cushion.ConclusionsCuscuta infection showed gender preferences, and this infection increased the facilitative effect of Laretia nurse cushions. This might be related to a decrease in the competitive resistance of the cushion species to colonization by other species (indirect effect) or direct positive effect due to the presence of the parasitic plant (e.g. increases in available soil N). To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of how the indirect effects of a parasitic plant might increase the facilitative effects of a nurse species.
A Configurable Agent‐Based Crowd Model with Generic Behavior Effect Representation Mechanism
Authors: Sun Quanbin , Wu Song 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMost of the existing crowd models were designed for specific behaviors or scenarios (e.g., emergency evacuations and bi‐directional crowd flows). Significant modifications were often required to accommodate new behaviors or new scenarios. This article proposed a generic crowd model with the flexibility to incorporate different behaviors under different scenarios. At the higher level of the proposed crowd model, the agent‐based modeling method was used to enable the individual heterogeneity and decision making. At the lower level, a unified mechanism to represent the effects of different individual behaviors was introduced. A core formula with seven generic parameters (i.e., agent's position, target's position, behavior angle, effect of base speed, agent factor, target factor, and distance factor) has been developed to form the basis of the unified mechanism. This article also presented a Behavior Library that consisted of a set of basic behaviors that were able to construct complex behaviors through their combinations. To demonstrate the capability of the model in various scenarios, the following simulations have been implemented and discussed: queuing at an exit, bi‐directional pedestrian walk flow, evacuation in a building, and consensus decision making in a large group.
The bacterial septal ring protein RlpA is a lytic transglycosylase that contributes to rod shape and daughter cell separation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Jorgenson Matthew A. , Chen Yan , Yahashiri Atsushi , Popham David L. , Weiss David S. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryRare lipoprotein A (RlpA) is a widely conserved outer membrane protein of unknown function that has previously only been studied in Escherichia coli, where it localizes to the septal ring and scattered foci along the lateral wall, but mutants have no phenotypic change. Here we show rlpA mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa form chains of short, fat cells when grown in low osmotic strength media. These morphological defects indicate RlpA is needed for efficient separation of daughter cells and maintenance of rod shape. Analysis of peptidoglycan sacculi from an rlpA deletion mutant revealed increased tetra and hexasaccharides that lack stem peptides (hereafter called ‘naked glycans’). Incubation of these sacculi with purified RlpA resulted in release of naked glycans containing 1,6‐anhydro N‐acetylmuramic acid ends. RlpA did not degrade sacculi from wild‐type cells unless the sacculi were subjected to a limited digestion with an amidase to remove some of the stem peptides. Thus, RlpA is a lytic transglycosylase with a strong preference for naked glycan strands. We propose that RlpA activity is regulated in vivo by substrate availability, and that amidases and RlpA work in tandem to degrade peptidoglycan in the division septum and lateral wall.
Molecular phylogenetic profiling of gut‐associated bacteria in larvae and adults of flesh flies
Authors: GUPTA A. K. , RASTOGI G. , NAYDUCH D. , SAWANT S. S. , BHONDE R. R. , SHOUCHE Y. S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFlesh flies of the genus Sarcophaga (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) are carrion‐breeding, necrophagous insects important in medical and veterinary entomology as potential transmitters of pathogens to humans and animals. Our aim was to analyse the diversity of gut‐associated bacteria in wild‐caught larvae and adult flesh flies using culture‐dependent and culture‐independent methods. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences from cultured isolates and clone libraries revealed bacteria affiliated to Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the guts of larval and adult flesh flies. Bacteria cultured from larval and adult flesh fly guts belonged to the genera Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Budvicia, Citrobacter, Dermacoccus, Enterococcus, Ignatzschineria, Lysinibacillus, Myroides, Pasteurella, Proteus, Providencia and Staphylococcus. Phylogenetic analysis showed clone sequences of the genera Aeromonas, Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Ignatzschineria, Klebsiella, Pantoea, Propionibacterium, Proteus, Providencia, Serratia, Sporosarcina, Weissella and Wohlfahrtiimonas. Species of clinically significant genera such as Ignatzschineria and Wohlfahrtiimonas spp. were detected in both larvae and adult flesh flies. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene libraries supported culture‐based results and revealed the presence of additional bacterial taxa. This study determined the diversity of gut microbiota in flesh flies, which will bolster the ability to assess microbiological risk associated with the presence of these flies. The present data thereby establish a platform for a much larger study.