bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramuscular Lipoma as an Unusual Cause of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction
Authors: Zhang Hong‐wei , Zhong Ming‐hua , Meng Wei , Zhang Er‐yong , Gu Jun , Hu Jia 
Published: October 2015

Mini‐AbstractWe report a case with a primary intracardiac lipoma in the right ventricle protruding to the outflow tract and resultant obstruction. As the sustained symptoms and the potential for malignancy were low, the tumor was surgically removed to obtain a suitable route to the right ventricular outlet.
An Unusual Localization of a Cardiac Pseudoaneurysm Complicated by Paravalvular Leak in a Patient with Prosthetic Heart Valves
Authors: Vatankulu Mehmet A. , Sönmez Osman , Akkaya Mehmet , Aydin Cemalettin 
Published: October 2015

Mini‐AbstractAn 58‐year‐old male was admitted to the hospital with exertional dyspnea. He had a history of mitral and aortic valve replacement with St. Jude prosthetic valve twenty years ago. Transesophageal echocardiography showed paravalvular mitral leak and a false chamber, which was expanding during systole and communicating to the right atrium. Real time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated the origin and flap of the false lumen that was opening during ventricular systole and closing at ventricular diastole from the left ventricular inside. The patient underwent redo aortic and mitral valve surgery.
Disturbance maintains alternative biome states
Authors: Dantas Vinícius de L. , Hirota Marina , Oliveira Rafael S. , Pausas Juli G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms controlling the distribution of biomes remains a challenge. Although tropical biome distribution has traditionally been explained by climate and soil, contrasting vegetation types often occur as mosaics with sharp boundaries under very similar environmental conditions. While evidence suggests that these biomes are alternative states, empirical broad‐scale support to this hypothesis is still lacking. Using community‐level field data and a novel resource‐niche overlap approach, we show that, for a wide range of environmental conditions, fire feedbacks maintain savannas and forests as alternative biome states in both the Neotropics and the Afrotropics. In addition, wooded grasslands and savannas occurred as alternative grassy states in the Afrotropics, depending on the relative importance of fire and herbivory feedbacks. These results are consistent with landscape scale evidence and suggest that disturbance is a general factor driving and maintaining alternative biome states and vegetation mosaics in the tropics.
Cognitive and affective functions in Alzheimer's disease patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Hishikawa N. , Fukui Y. , Sato K. , Kono S. , Yamashita T. , Ohta Y. , Deguchi K. , Abe K. 
Published: October 2015

Background and purposeThe influence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on cognitive and affective functions in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) was examined.MethodsA total of 570 AD patients were divided into two subgroups depending on waist circumference (WC) (normal versus achieving Japanese diagnostic criteria of MetS). Afterwards, the AD control subgroup was defined as those normal WC patients with no vascular risk factors (VRFs). The AD with MetS (AD‐MetS) subgroup was defined as the MetS WC group who had two or more VRFs to qualify as having MetS. Cognitive and affective functions, insulin resistance, vascular endothelial function and white matter changes between AD‐MetS and AD controls were compared.ResultsScores on the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Hasegawa Dementia Score – Revised, Frontal Assessment Battery and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were worse in the AD‐MetS group than in AD controls, but the difference was not significant. Some analyses were conducted twice, once including all patients and once including only late‐elderly patients. Scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale were found to be significantly higher for AD‐MetS than for AD controls (all ages, late‐elderly), as were those for apathy (late‐elderly). Furthermore, both the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and reactive hyperemia index scores were significantly worse in AD‐MetS than in AD controls, whilst white matter changes showed a tendency to be worse.ConclusionsGreater cognitive and affective decline occurs in patients with AD‐MetS than in those without. Further, insulin resistance and vascular endothelial dysfunction are strongly correlated with AD‐MetS before pathological white matter changes can be observed.
Nanoscale petrographic and geochemical insights on the origin of the Palaeoproterozoic stromatolitic phosphorites from Aravalli Supergroup, India
Authors: Papineau D. , De Gregorio B. , Fearn S. , Kilcoyne D. , McMahon G. , Purohit R. , Fogel M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractStromatolites composed of apatite occur in post‐Lomagundi–Jatuli successions (late Palaeoproterozoic) and suggest the emergence of novel types of biomineralization at that time. The microscopic and nanoscopic petrology of organic matter in stromatolitic phosphorites might provide insights into the suite of diagenetic processes that formed these types of stromatolites. Correlated geochemical micro‐analyses of the organic matter could also yield molecular, elemental and isotopic compositions and thus insights into the role of specific micro‐organisms among these communities. Here, we report on the occurrence of nanoscopic disseminated organic matter in the Palaeoproterozoic stromatolitic phosphorite from the Aravalli Supergroup of north‐west India. Organic petrography by micro‐Raman and Transmission Electron Microscopy demonstrates syngeneity of the organic matter. Total organic carbon contents of these stromatolitic phosphorite columns are between 0.05 and 3.0 wt% and have a large range of δ13Corg values with an average of −18.5‰ (1σ = 4.5‰). δ15N values of decarbonated rock powders are between −1.2 and +2.7‰. These isotopic compositions point to the important role of biological N2‐fixation and CO2‐fixation by the pentose phosphate pathway consistent with a population of cyanobacteria. Microscopic spheroidal grains of apatite (MSGA) occur in association with calcite microspar in microbial mats from stromatolite columns and with chert in the core of diagenetic apatite rosettes. Organic matter extracted from the stromatolitic phosphorites contains a range of molecular functional group (e.g. carboxylic acid, alcohol, and aliphatic hydrocarbons) as well as nitrile and nitro groups as determined from C‐ and N‐XANES spectra. The presence of organic nitrogen was independently confirmed by a CN− peak detected by ToF‐SIMS. Nanoscale petrography and geochemistry allow for a refinement of the formation model for the accretion and phototrophic growth of stromatolites. The original microbial biomass is inferred to have been dominated by cyanobacteria, which might be an important contributor of organic matter in shallow‐marine phosphorites.
Human papillomavirus type 2 associated with pyogenic granuloma in patients without clinical evidence of warts
Authors: Vázquez‐Martínez Osvaldo T. , González‐Betancourt Anajulia , Barboza‐Cerda María Carmen , González‐González Sergio E. , Lugo‐Trampe Ángel , Welsh Oliverio , Rojas‐Martínez Augusto , Martínez‐Rodríguez Herminia G. , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Ortiz‐López Rocío 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPyogenic granuloma is a non‐neoplastic lesion that frequently occurs in the skin and mucous membranes of children and pregnant women. The anatomical sites of pyogenic granulomas overlap with those of wart infections caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).ObjectiveThis study assessed the presence of HPV DNA in pyogenic granuloma samples by polymerase chain reaction.MethodsEighteen pyogenic granuloma biopsies from patients without a clinical history or evidence of verruca in the studied area were tested for the presence of the HPV genome. The presence of HPV DNA was screened by three independent polymerase chain reaction reactions using standard consensus primer sets targeted to the L1 or E1 consensus regions of HPV genome. The HPV DNA‐positive samples were genotyped using methodologies enabling the identification of up to 30 HPVs, including oncogenic, nononcogenic, and cutaneous viral types.ResultsThe HPV DNA was detected in 44.4% (eight of 18) of the samples, with HPV‐2 being the only type in the eight HPV DNA‐positive samples. Contamination with HPV‐2 sequences throughout the entire process was reliably eliminated.ConclusionThis report is the first to suggest an association between HPV‐2 and pyogenic granuloma. This relationship is similar to that observed between HPV‐2 and nongenital warts.
Macrophage‐mediated cholesterol handling in atherosclerosis
Authors: Chistiakov Dimitry A. , Bobryshev Yuri V. , Orekhov Alexander N. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFormation of foam cells is a hallmark at the initial stages of atherosclerosis. Monocytes attracted by pro‐inflammatory stimuli attach to the inflamed vascular endothelium and penetrate to the arterial intima where they differentiate to macrophages. Intimal macrophages phagocytize oxidized low‐density lipoproteins (oxLDL). Several scavenger receptors (SR), including CD36, SR‐A1 and lectin‐like oxLDL receptor‐1 (LOX‐1), mediate oxLDL uptake. In late endosomes/lysosomes of macrophages, oxLDL are catabolysed. Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) hydrolyses cholesterol esters that are enriched in LDL to free cholesterol and free fatty acids. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase‐1 (ACAT1) in turn catalyses esterification of cholesterol to store cholesterol esters as lipid droplets in the ER of macrophages. Neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolases nCEH and NCEH1 are involved in a secondary hydrolysis of cholesterol esters to liberate free cholesterol that could be then out‐flowed from macrophages by cholesterol ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 and SR‐BI. In atherosclerosis, disruption of lipid homoeostasis in macrophages leads to cholesterol accumulation and formation of foam cells.
Operating room nurses’ positioning of anesthetized surgical patients
Authors: Sørensen Erik Elgaard , Kusk Kathrine Hoffmann , Grønkjær Mette 
Published: October 2015

Aims and objectivesTo describe the incidence of problems associated with the positioning of anaesthetised surgical patients.BackgroundThe positioning of the anaesthetised surgical patient is a complex task. The interdisciplinary nature with several professional groups in a surgical team may lead to conflict between the positioning standards and individual consideration for the patient. Existing knowledge of the relationship between the different positioning forms, surgical team competences and the applicability and availability of positioning equipment is sparse.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional study.MethodAn electronic questionnaire was sent to 833 OR nurses employed at four public university hospitals. With 481 responses, a response rate of 57·7% was achieved. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using the spss software package (version 19.00).ResultsPositioning of the patient was found to be particularly difficult for the prone (43·8%), lithotomy (53·4%) and lateral (65·5%) positions. Lack of positioning competences and equipment for arm support, standardised equipment for leg support and standard sizes of OR beds seemed to complicate positioning.ConclusionLack of appropriate positioning equipment and positioning competences in surgical teams, combined with the poor availability of positioning equipment in ORs were found to cause problems.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need for innovative solutions to develop modern forms of positioning equipment allowing individual consideration of the patient. Further research is required on positioning equipment, optimisation of continuity and the establishment of permanent surgical teams.
Safety and Efficacy of Immediate Rotational Atherectomy in Nondilatable Calcified Coronary Lesions Complicated by Coronary Artery Dissection (RAISE)
Authors: Zhang Dongwei , Hu Jianqiang , Man Wanrong , Wang Tingting , Zhang Mingming , Lin Jie , Narsinh Kazim , Zhang Lei , Li Chengxiang , Sun Dongdong 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the safety and efficacy of immediate rotational atherectomy (RA) in nondilatable calcified coronary lesions complicated by coronary dissection during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundIn the presence of coronary dissection in nondilatable calcified coronary lesions, conservative management is suggested to permit the dissection to heal prior to treatment with RA. However, many patients have frequent angina attacks and some patients develop serious complications during this period.MethodsOne hundred and nighty‐eight patients with severe coronary calcification underwent PCI, and were randomized into immediate (n = 105) or delayed RA group (n = 93) when coronary dissections occur. The primary endpoint of the present study was all‐cause death including cardiac and non‐cardiac death in 4 years follow‐up. Non‐fatal myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, cardiac tamponade, stroke, target lesion revascularization, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV heart failure were analyzed as secondary end points.ResultsAt a follow‐up of 4 years, event‐free survival rates were not statistically different between the immediate and delayed RA group (81.9% vs 80.6%, P = 0.820). Rates of PCI‐ and RA‐related major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and severe RA‐related complications were not statistically different between groups. Luminal loss was not significantly different between the immediate and delayed RA group as evaluated by Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Two cases in the delayed RA group experienced myocardial infarction during the 4‐week waiting.ConclusionThis study indicates that immediate RA during PCI is safe and effective in patients with coronary artery dissection. (J Interven Cardiol 2015;28:456–463)
East Asian Children and Money as a Cultural Tool: Dialectically Understanding Different Cultures
Authors: Takahashi Noboru , Yamamoto Toshiya , Takeo Kazuko , Oh Sun‐Ah , Pian Chengnan , Sato Tatsuya 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn our project, which is called the “Pocket Money Project,” researchers from the four East Asian counties, Japan, Korea, China, and Vietnam, jointly conducted research in various combinations on the relationship between money and children in each country. In this paper, we outline the results of the project. First, we summarize the three main findings: life in consumer society, the structure of parent‐child relationships, and that of peer relationships for children in these four countries. Second, we propose the theoretical framework of our “cultural psychology of differences,” which we call an “expanded mediational structure (EMS),” based on the results. The “cultural psychology of differences” aims not to extract crystallized culture as a substance but to show the possibility of understanding a different culture with a prescription to handle and analyze the process in which it is being crystallized, and through this, ultimately to show a way of practice to understand different cultures.
Determinants of pull strength in captive grey mouse lemurs
Authors: Thomas P. , Pouydebat E. , Brazidec M. L. , Aujard F. , Herrel A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGrasping is important for arboreal species as it allows them to hold on to branches. Although grasping has been studied previously in the context of primate origins and as an indicator of age‐induced loss in overall performance, little is known about the proximate determinants of variation in strength. We measured hand pull strength in 62 adult captive individuals of grey mouse lemurs Microcebus murinus of known age. In addition, we measured the body mass and the length of the forearm in each individual. Our results showed that animals with a longer ulna, and animals that weighed more, and had a greater relative body mass had higher pull strength. However, despite the fact that females are bigger than males, differences in pull strength were not significantly different between the two sexes. Although comparative data for other species of vertebrates are scarce, our data suggest that mouse lemurs have relatively high pull strength for their size that may be interpreted as an adaptation to arboreal locomotion.
Intensive insulin therapy implementation by means of planned versus emergent change approach
Authors: Luiking Marie‐Louise , van Linge Roland , Bras Leo , Grypdonck Maria , Aarts Leon 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundNurses' participation in decisions about new care procedures and protocols is potentially of benefit for patient outcomes. Whether nurses' participation in decisions is allowed in the implementation of innovations depends on the implementation approach used for the introduction. A planned change implementation approach does not allow it, an emergent change implementation approach does.AimTo compare a planned change and an emergent change implementation approach to introduce an intensive insulin therapy to an intensive care unit (ICU).DesignA prospective comparative study in an ICU in the Netherlands of two teams of nurses using either implementation approach.MethodsPre‐introduction of the comparability of the two teams was assessed. The nurse compliance to the protocol was assessed as being nurses' behaviour according to the protocol and leading to acceptable glucose values. The effectiveness of the implementation was assessed by measuring the percentage of patients' glucose values within the target range, the occurrence of hypoglycaemic events and the time to glucose value normalization. Data were collected from December 2007 till January 2009.ResultsIn the emergent change approach team there was better nurse compliance measurements than in the planned change approach team (83.5% vs 66,8% conform protocol), a better percentage of glucose values in the target range (53,5% vs 52.8%) and a shorter time to glucose value normalization.ConclusionThe implementation approach allowing nurse participation was associated with better nurse compliance and patient outcome measurements. The implementation approach did not conflict with introducing an evidence‐based innovation. It was also associated with more effective adaptation of the protocol to changing circumstances.Relevance for clinical practiceWhen a new treatment requires adaptability to changing circumstances to be most effective, nurses' participation in decisions about the implementation of the treatment should be considered.
From corneal shape to ocular wavefront in eyes with aspheric IOLs: the feasibility of IOL customisation
Authors: de Jong Tim , Canovas Carmen , Weeber Henk , Jansonius Nomdo M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeTo determine if it is possible to predict the ocular wavefront aberrations of eyes with an aspheric IOL from the corneal shape and other readily available eye characteristics. A reliable prediction is a prerequisite for future IOL customisation.MethodsSixty pseudophakic eyes with aspheric IOLs of 60 patients were included. The corneal shape and the ocular wavefront aberrations were measured postoperatively with a Scheimpflug camera and an aberrometer, respectively. The elevation data of the anterior corneal surface were fitted by Zernike polynomials. Linear regression models for the Zernike coefficients describing the ocular wavefront aberrations up till the fourth order were determined, with as independent variables the Zernike coefficients describing the corneal shape, the eye (right/left), IOL power, and axial length.ResultsLinear regression equations with an explained variance (adjusted R‐square) above 0.50 were found for five Zernike aberration terms: defocus (z(2,0); adjusted R‐square 0.90), the astigmatism terms (0.81 for oblique astigmatism [z(2,−2)] and 0.88 for regular astigmatism [z(2,2)]), vertical coma (z(3,−1); 0.52), and spherical aberration (z(4,0); 0.71).ConclusionThe defocus, astigmatism, vertical coma, and spherical aberration terms of the ocular wavefront are strongly associated with the corneal shape in pseudophakic eyes and may thus be predicted from the corneal shape and other eye characteristics.
Determining the Site of Accessory Pathways in Orthodromic Reciprocating Tachycardia by Using the Response to Right Ventricular Pacing
Authors: BOONYAPISIT WARANGKNA , METHAVIGUL KOMSING , KRITTAYAPHONG RUNGROJ , SRIRATANASATHAVORN CHARN , PUMPRUEG SATCHANA , SUWANAGOOL ARISARA , WINIJKUL ARJBORDIN , JONGNARANGSIN KRIT 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundPostpacing interval (PPI) after right ventricular (RV) pacing entrainment minus tachycardia cycle length (TCL) with a correction for atrioventricular (AV) node delay (corrected PPI‐TCL) was useful to differentiate atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) from orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT). However, the value of corrected PPI‐TCL in determining the site of the accessory pathway (AP) in ORT has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the corrected PPI‐TCL is useful in differentiating ORT using a left‐sided AP from a right‐sided AP.MethodsWe studied 52 patients with ORT using a left‐sided AP and 13 patients with a right‐sided AP. The PPI was measured upon cessation of the RV pacing at a cycle length 10–40 ms shorter than the TCL. The corrected PPI‐TCL was calculated from the subtraction of the increment in AV nodal conduction time of the first PPI from the PPI‐TCL.ResultsThe mean corrected PPI‐TCL was 83 ± 20 ms in patients with ORT using a left‐sided AP and 27 ± 19 ms in patients with a right‐sided AP (P ≤ 0.001). All patients with ORT using a left‐sided AP except three patients with left septal AP and none of the patients with ORT using a right‐sided AP had a corrected PPI‐TCL > 55 ms.ConclusionsThe corrected PPI‐TCL after the RV pacing entrainment is useful to guide differentiating ORT using a left‐sided AP from a right‐sided AP.
Global burden of COPD
Authors: López‐Campos José Luis , Tan Wan , Soriano Joan B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt is estimated that the world population will reach a record 7.3 billion in 2015, and the high burden of chronic conditions associated with ageing and smoking will increase further. Respiratory diseases in general receive little attention and funding in comparison with other major causes of global morbidity and mortality. In particular, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been a major public health problem and will remain a challenge for clinicians within the 21st century. Worldwide, COPD is in the spotlight, since its high prevalence, morbidity and mortality create formidable challenges for health‐care systems. This review emphasizes the magnitude of the COPD problem from a clinician's standpoint by drawing extensively from the new findings of the Global Burden of Disease study. Updated, distilled information on the population distribution of COPD is useful for the clinician to help provide an appreciation of the relative impact of COPD in daily practice compared with other chronic conditions, and to allocate minimum resources in anticipation of future needs in care. Despite recent trends in reduction of COPD standardized mortality rates and some recent successes in anti‐smoking efforts in a number of Western countries, the overarching demographic impact of ageing in an ever‐expanding world population, joined with other factors such as high rates of smoking and air pollution in Asia, will ensure that COPD will continue to pose an ever‐increasing problem well into the 21st century.