bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐population feeding grounds of Cory's shearwater in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean: implications for the definition of Marine Protected Areas based on tracking studies
Authors: Ramos Raül , Granadeiro José P. , Rodríguez Beneharo , Navarro Joan , Paiva Vitor H. , Bécares Juan , Reyes‐González José M. , Fagundes Isabel , Ruiz Asunción , Arcos Pep , González‐Solís Jacob , Catry Paulo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimApical pelagic species forage in predictable habitats, and their movements should signal biologically and ecologically significant areas of the marine ecosystem. Several countries are now engaged in identifying these areas based on animal tracking, but this is often limited to a few individuals from one breeding population, which may result in biased portrayals of the key marine habitats. To help identify such foraging areas, we compiled tracking data of a marine top predator from the main breeding colonies in the Central Macaronesia.LocationNorth‐east Atlantic Ocean.MethodsOver seven years, we tracked the foraging movements of Cory's shearwaters (Calonectris borealis) from several populations during the chick‐rearing period using global positioning system and platform terminal transmitter devices.ResultsWe obtained foraging trips from 174 shearwaters breeding on six important colonies representative of the range occupied in the Macaronesian Archipelagos of Madeira, Salvages and Canaries. Our results show that birds orient and move rapidly towards the closest neritic waters over the African continental shelf. Birds from different colonies show substantial spatial segregation in their foraging grounds but consistently overlap in some specific foraging areas along the Canary Current characterized by high productivity. By weighting the use of foraging grounds according to the size of each study population, we inferred the overall exploitation of such areas.Main conclusionsOur meta‐population approach provides a more comprehensive picture of space use from both perspectives: the studied species and the Canary Current system. Foraging grounds consistently used by several populations may not be adequately identified by tracking a single population, and therefore, multiple population tracking studies are needed to properly delineate key conservation areas and inform conservation planning in the marine ecosystem. Finally, we highlight the long‐term stability and sustainability of identified foraging areas and propose that countries with geographical jurisdictions over the Canary Current area should work towards multilateral agreements to set management plans for this key marine ecosystem.
The evolution and function of the Pax/Six regulatory network in sponges
Authors: Rivera A. , Winters I. , Rued A. , Ding S. , Posfai D. , Cieniewicz B. , Cameron K. , Gentile L. , Hill A. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYExamining the origins of highly conserved gene regulatory networks (GRNs) will inform our understanding of the evolution of animal body plans. Sponges are believed to be the most ancient extant metazoan lineage, and as such, hold clues about the evolution of genetic programs deployed in animal development. We used the emerging freshwater sponge model, Ephydatia muelleri, to study the evolutionary origins of the Pax/Six/Eya/Dac (PSED) GRN. Orthologs to Pax and Six family members are present in E. muelleri and are expressed in endothelial cells lining the canal system as well as cells in the choanoderm. Knockdown of EmPaxB and EmSix1/2 by RNAi resulted in defects to the canal systems. We further show that PaxB may be in a regulatory relationship with Six1/2 in E. muelleri, thus demonstrating that a component of the PSED network was present early in metazoan evolution.
Lines of least resistance and genetic architecture of house mouse (Mus musculus) mandible shape
Authors: Boell Louis 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYEvolution along “lines of least resistance (LLR)” is a well‐established phenomenon, which is ultimately based on variational properties of the developmental system. However, it has remained unclear which aspects of development are responsible for observed distributions of variation. This article suggests that house mouse mandible shape may present an opportunity for future research in this field. The genetic architecture of mouse mandible shape has been investigated in the laboratory, and its evolution has been surveyed in studies on natural variation. Here, I ask whether evolutionary diversification of mandible shape follows “LLR” by comparing principal directions of genetic and evolutionary variation, and I assess the potential contribution of specific genomic regions to evolutionary divergence along these directions. The role of two aspects of development, QTL number (presumably reflecting mutational target size) and canalization, is comparatively assessed. Overall, our results demonstrate a strong tendency of genetic and evolutionary systems to vary along similar directions, suggesting that mandible shape evolves along LLR at the level of populations, subspecies and species. At the level of genetic factors, effects bearing similarity to directions of evolution are significantly overrepresented, providing support for the mutational target size hypothesis. A role for canalization is not supported by a clear correlation between directions of evolution and size of genetic effects; however, the evidence for canalization remains ambiguous. These results provide some insights into how the developmental system may shape the variational properties of genetic systems and thus influence the direction of evolution.
Neuronal differentiation requires a biphasic modulation of gap junctional intercellular communication caused by dynamic changes of connexin43 expression
Authors: Lemcke Heiko , Nittel Marie‐Louise , Weiss Dieter G. , Kuznetsov Sergei A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIt was suggested that gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and connexin (Cx) proteins play a crucial role in cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the mechanisms of cell coupling in regulating cell fate during embryonic development are poorly understood. To study the role of GJIC in proliferation and differentiation, we used a human neural progenitor cell line derived from the ventral mesencephalon. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) showed that dye coupling was extensive in proliferating cells but diminished after the induction of differentiation, as indicated by a 2.5‐fold increase of the half‐time of fluorescence recovery. Notably, recovery half‐time decreased strongly (five‐fold) in the later stage of differentiation. Western blot analysis revealed a similar time‐dependent expression profile of Cx43, acting as the main gap junction‐forming protein. Interestingly, large amounts of cytoplasmic Cx43 were retained mainly in the Golgi network during proliferation but decreased when differentiation was induced. Furthermore, down‐regulation of Cx43 by small interfering RNA reduced functional cell coupling, which in turn resulted in a 50% decrease of both the proliferation rate and neuronal differentiation. Our findings suggest a dual function of Cx43 and GJIC in the neural development of ReNcell VM197 human progenitor cells. GJIC accompanied by high Cx43 expression is necessary (1) to maintain cells in a proliferative state and (2) to complete neuronal differentiation, including the establishment of a neural network. However, uncoupling of cells is crucial in the early stage of differentiation during cell fate commitment.
Syntenin‐a promotes spinal cord regeneration following injury in adult zebrafish
Authors: Yu Yong , Schachner Melitta 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn contrast to mammals, adult zebrafish recover locomotor function after spinal cord injury, in part due to the capacity of the central nervous system to repair severed connections. To identify molecular cues that underlie regeneration, we conducted mRNA expression profiling and found that syntenin‐a expression is upregulated in the adult zebrafish spinal cord caudal to the lesion site after injury. Syntenin is a scaffolding protein involved in mammalian cell adhesion and movement, axonal outgrowth, establishment of cell polarity, and protein trafficking. It could thus be expected to be involved in supporting regeneration in fish. Syntenin‐a mRNA and protein are expressed in neurons, glia and newly generated neural cells, and upregulated caudal to the lesion site on days 6 and 11 following spinal cord injury. Treatment of spinal cord‐injured fish with two different antisense morpholinos to knock down syntenin‐a expression resulted in significant inhibition of locomotor recovery at 5 and 6 weeks after injury, when compared to control morpholino‐treated fish. Knock‐down of syntenin‐a reduced regrowth of descending axons from brainstem neurons into the spinal cord caudal to the lesion site. These observations indicate that syntenin‐a is involved in regeneration after traumatic insult to the central nervous system of adult zebrafish, potentially leading to novel insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that require activation in the regeneration‐deficient mammalian central nervous system.
The experience of girls and young Women with inherited bleeding disorders
Authors: Khair K. , Holland M. , Pollard D. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryHaemophilia carriers and women with inherited bleeding disorders (IBD) experience menorrhagia, bleed following dentistry, surgery, injury or childbirth. Symptoms are easily treated leading to full and active lives. Nevertheless, some girls and women suffer with abnormal bleeding for many years before diagnosis. We explored the experiences of girls and young women (aged 9–34 years) with IBD by means of focus groups which consisted of moderated discussion addressing specific aspects of bleeding, management and coping strategies. Subsequently, these issues were explored further though a paper‐based questionnaire distributed via five specialist haemophilia centres in the UK. The study suggested that young women with IBD who are managed at haemophilia centres receive appropriate care and feel well supported. Although the clinic‐based literature available to these women is “fit for purpose”, it does not fully address the perceived needs specifically regarding sex, menorrhagia, conception and childbirth, the Pill, tattoos/piercings and so on, leading many to turn to other information sources. Most of those who responded to our survey are confident in their lives, able to manage their IBD and take pragmatic views towards the inherited nature of their condition. But there is a substantial subgroup of women who experience stigmatization, isolation and bullying and express concerns relating to fertility and conception. Overall, this cohort would benefit from opportunities for mutual support. This could be via Internet‐based social networking and may be of particular value to those who are unable to seek help from traditional medical services due to religious or other cultural barriers.
Influence of refreshment/activation cycles and temperature rise on the reaction rate of sodium hypochlorite with bovine dentine during ultrasonic activated irrigation
Authors: Macedo R. G. , Verhaagen B. , Wesselink P. R. , Versluis M. , van der Sluis L. W. M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of multiple refreshment/activation cycles and temperature on the reaction rate of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with bovine dentine during ultrasonic activated irrigation (UAI) under laboratory conditions.MethodologyThe root canal walls of 24 standardized root canals in bovine incisors were exposed to a standardized volume of NaOCl at different temperatures (24 °C and 38 °C) and exposure times (20, 60 and 180 s). The irrigant was refreshed and ultrasonically activated four times for 20 s followed by a 40 s rest interval, with no refreshment and no activation as the controls. The reaction rate was determined by measuring the amount of active chlorine in the NaOCl solution before and after being exposed to dentine during the specific experimental conditions. Calorimetry was used to measure the electrical‐to‐sonochemical conversion efficiency during ultrasonic activation.ResultsRefreshment, activation and exposure time all increased the reaction rate of NaOCl (P < 0.05). During activation, the temperature of the irrigant increased up to 10 °C. Such temperature rise was insufficient to enhance the reaction rate of NaOCl (P > 0.125).ConclusionsThe reaction rate of NaOCl with dentine is enhanced by refreshment, ultrasonic activation and exposure time. Temperature rise of irrigant during ultrasonic activation was not sufficient to alter the reaction rate.
Evolutionary farsightedness in international environmental agreements
Authors: Breton Michèle , Garrab Samar 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper proposes a dynamic game model of the process through which countries join international environmental agreements (IEAs). The model assumes that both the number of signatory countries and the stock of accumulated pollution evolve over time, as a result of countries’ emission and membership decisions. The evolution of the number of signatory countries is described by a discrete‐time replicator dynamics, while that of the stock of pollution results from feedback emission strategies. We show that evolutionary farsightedness, that is, the capacity of players to account for the impact of their decisions on the evolution of the number of signatory countries, is beneficial to the formation and stability of self‐enforcing IEAs.
Crecimiento económico y desigualdad en Singapur: la conveniencia de un salario mínimo
Authors: Hui Weng Tat 
Published: April 2013

Resumen.Con el envejecimiento de la población en Singapur, la contratación masiva de trabajadores extranjeros poco calificados se ha convertido en un obstáculo importante al crecimiento con equidad, pues provoca el estancamiento de los salarios más bajos. En respuesta a este problema, el autor defiende la implantación de un salario mínimo que complemente el régimen actual de prestaciones ligadas al empleo. Tras refutar las objeciones que habitualmente se aducen en contra, propone medios para establecer un salario mínimo en Singapur, así como medidas para mejorar la red de protección social del país y promover un crecimiento económico más sostenible.
Vacaciones y licencias en países desarrollados: los Estados Unidos a la zaga en cuanto a equilibrio entre vida profesional y vida familiar
Authors: Block Richard N. , Park Joo‐Young , Kang Young‐Hee 
Published: April 2013

Resumen.Los autores comparan las normativas sobre vacaciones y licencias susceptibles de facilitar el equilibrio entre vida profesional y familiar de Australia, Canadá, República de Corea, Estados Unidos, Europa occidental y Japón utilizando un índice compuesto para clasificarlas. Los Estados Unidos figuran en último lugar: la concesión de vacaciones anuales al trabajador no es obligatoria y las licencias por motivos familiares se limitan a 12 semanas al año. Este bajo nivel de reglamentación podría deberse, según los autores, a una concepción mercantilista del empleo sumada a la creencia de que empleador y trabajadores tienen idéntica capacidad de negociación, visión no compartida por las demás democracias industrializadas.
From the Lab to the Prescription Pad: Genetics, CYP450 Analysis, and Medication Response
Authors: Turner Rose Marie 
Published: April 2013

TopicConventional child and adolescent psychopharmacology practices and its inherent risks are reviewed and the implications of pharmacogenomics and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) analysis are discussed. A case study is utilized to further depict the value of CYP450 analysis.PurposeAn understanding of pharmacogenomics, specifically the CYP450 enzyme system and its involvement in the metabolism of psychotropic medications, can be utilized to improve child and adolescent psychopharmacology practices by prescribers.SourcesAn integrative literature review from nursing, psychiatry, medicine, and pharmacology.ConclusionsThe current trial and error process of choosing medications for child and adolescent psychiatric patients, and the growing trend of polypharmacy, results in poor outcomes and high risk of serious adverse drug reactions. The utilization of knowledge from the field of pharmacogenomics can improve prescribing practices in child and adolescent psychopharmacology management. Psychiatric nurse prescribers can improve treatment outcomes and reduce adverse drug reactions by incorporating information from the study of pharmacogenomics.
Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: A Review for Nursing Professionals
Authors: Jacob Marni L. , Storch Eric A. 
Published: April 2013

TopicPediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).PurposeOCD is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions. Given that most children with OCD will initially be seen by nursing professionals in environments such as pediatrician offices, hospitals, and schools, increasing awareness of this disorder among nurses will likely facilitate early detection, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment.SourcesPsyc‐INFO, PubMed, Google Scholar.ConclusionThis article provides an overview of pediatric OCD, including information about clinical presentation, suspected etiology, epidemiology, assessment, and evidence‐based treatment options.
Web‐Based Delivery of a Preventive Parent Training Intervention: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Breitenstein Susan M. , Gross Deborah 
Published: April 2013

ProblemLow enrollment and participation are common in face‐to‐face parenting interventions. Developing innovative delivery methods is one way to address participation barriers. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of a Web‐based delivery model for an evidence‐based behavioral parent training program.MethodsParents (n = 9) completed two Web‐based prototype sessions of the Chicago Parent Program delivered on an Android tablet over 2 weeks, and then participated in a post‐intervention focus group. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected.FindingsThe Web‐based delivery adaptation was feasible and useful for low‐income urban parents.ConclusionsOur preliminary findings suggest that Web‐based delivery is a feasible approach to integrating mental health prevention into systems of care. Translating interventions to alternative delivery platforms is promising for nursing to increase access to evidence‐based interventions.
Food, nutrition and slimming messages in British women's magazines, 1950–1998
Authors: Barker M. E. , McNeir K. , Sameer S. , Russell J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe present study examined temporality in the representation of food in two popular British women's magazines between 1950 and 1998.MethodsA quantitative content analysis of (i) prevalence of cooking, slimming, nutrition advice in articles; (ii) prevalence of food advertising by food type; and (iii) likelihood of various nutrition and consumer messages in advertising was performed on a sample comprising 200 magazines, with 3045 advertisements and 88 articles.ResultsThe prevalence of food advertisements decreased (P < 0.001), whereas food articles increased, across decades (P < 0.001). Cooking tips dominated 1950s food writing (100%), contrasting with miniscule coverage in the 1990s (5%). Slimming advice was not represented in 1950s articles and was most common in 1970s articles (55% of articles). Food advertising for all food types decreased in the 1990s decade. There were greater bread and cereals (P < 0.001), protein foods (P = 0.001) and dairy (P < 0.001) advertising in later decades; advertising for sugar‐ and fat‐rich foods (P < 0.001), condiments and baking ingredients (P < 0.001) and beverages (P < 0.001) was greater in earlier decades. Odds of advertising claims for energy, easy digestion, nourishment, general health, economy, good for family (all P < 0.01), pleased others (P = 0.017) and convenience (P = 0.031) were greater in the 1950s and decreased thereafter. Claims around taste and quality were highest in the 1960s (all P < 0.01). Mineral, additive‐free, and protein claims were most likely to be invoked in 1970s advertising (all P < 0.01). Low‐fat, low‐calorie and fibre claims peaked in the 1980s (all P < 0.01), whereas the odds of specific fat claims was greatest in the 1990s (P = 0.015).ConclusionsRepresentation of food resonated with prevailing food culture but was not always congruent with nutrition policy.
Synaptotagmin 1 is required for vesicular Ca2+/H+‐antiport activity
Authors: Cordeiro Joao Miguel , Boda Bernadett , Gonçalves Paula P. , Dunant Yves 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA low‐affinity Ca2+/H+‐antiport was described in the membrane of mammalian brain synaptic vesicles. Electrophysiological studies showed that this antiport contributes to the extreme brevity of excitation‐release coupling in rapid synapses. Synaptotagmin‐1, a vesicular protein interacting with membranes upon low‐affinity Ca2+‐binding, plays a major role in excitation‐release coupling, by synchronizing calcium entry with fast neurotransmitter release. Here, we report that synaptotagmin‐1 is necessary for expression of the vesicular Ca2+/H+‐antiport. We measured Ca2+/H+‐antiport activity in vesicles and granules of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells by three methods: (i) Ca2+‐induced dissipation of the vesicular H+‐gradient; (ii) bafilomycin‐sensitive calcium accumulation and (iii) pH‐jump‐induced calcium accumulation. The results were congruent and highly significant: Ca2+/H+‐antiport activity is detectable only in acidic organelles expressing functional synaptotagmin–1. In contrast, synaptotagmin‐1‐deficient cells – and cells where transgenically encoded synaptotagmin‐1 was acutely photo‐inactivated – were devoid of any Ca2+/H+‐antiport activity. Therefore, in addition to its previously described functions, synaptotagmin‐1 is involved in a rapid vesicular Ca2+ sequestration through a Ca2+/H+ antiport.
Presynaptic NMDA receptors act as local high‐gain glutamate detector in developing cerebellar molecular layer interneurons
Authors: Rossi Bénédicte , Collin Thibault 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the classical view, NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are located postsynaptically and play a pivotal role in excitatory transmission and synaptic plasticity. In developing cerebellar molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) however, NMDARs are known to be solely extra‐ or presynaptic and somewhat poorly expressed. Somatodendritic NMDARs are exclusively activated by glutamate spillover from adjacent synapses, but the mode of activation of axonal NMDARs remains unclear. Our data suggest that a volume transmission is likely to stimulate presynaptic NMDARs (preNMDARs) since NMDA puffs directed to the axon led to inward currents and Ca2+ transients restricted to axonal varicosities. Using local glutamate photoliberation, we show that pre‐ and post‐synaptic NMDARs share the same voltage dependence indicating their containing NR2A/B subunits. Ca2+ transients elicited by NMDA puffs are eventually followed by delayed events reminding of the spontaneous Ca2+ transients (ScaTs) described at the basket cell/Purkinje cell terminals. Moreover, the presence of Ca2+ transients at varicosities located more than 5 μm away from the uncaging site indicates that the activation of preNMDARs sensitizes the Ca2+ stores in adjacent varicosities, a process that is abolished in the presence of a high concentration of ryanodine. Altogether, the data demonstrate that preNMDARs act as high‐gain glutamate detectors.