bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoration of sand grasslands by topsoil removal and self‐greening
Authors: Gilhaus Kristin , Vogt Vera , Hölzel Norbert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractQuestionsIs topsoil removal in combination with year‐round grazing a suitable method to restore and maintain nutrient‐poor open sand grasslands and wet heaths on ex‐arable land? Are there constraints in terms of animal nutrition?LocationPastures on ex‐arable land in pleistocene lowlands of Northwestern Germany, 120–160 m a.s.l.MethodsWe sampled vegetation, soil nutrient status and above‐ground biomass properties in 42 quadrats in a restored sand grassland and wet heath site and ten quadrats in an old sand grassland nearby. Data were analyzed using ordination, ANOVA and a generalized linear model.ResultsSoil phosphorus and nitrogen were significantly reduced by topsoil removal to the level of target communities. A remarkably high number of typical and endangered sand grassland species established, presumably from the seed/spore bank. Compared to old, seasonally grazed sand grassland, higher species diversity could be observed after topsoil removal. Reasons may be the raised pH as a heritage of arable cultivation and the very open vegetation structures enhancing early successional species. Year‐round grazing preserved open vegetation structures, but was not able to fully suppress birch encroachment in early stages of succession.ConclusionsOur study showed that combining topsoil removal, self‐greening via recruitment from the seed/spore bank and subsequent year‐round grazing might be particularly successful approaches for the restoration of endangered sand grasslands and wet heaths on ex‐arable land. However, additional measures might be necessary to prevent undesired shrub encroachment in the first years after topsoil removal. Due to relatively low biomass quantity and quality of sand grasslands even in summer, we propose supplementary feeding in winter or a restriction to seasonal grazing to meet the requirements of animal welfare.
Drug‐Related Inadvertent Deaths in a University Hospital – A Declining Trend
Authors: Lapatto‐Reiniluoto Outi , Patinen Laura , Niemi Mikko , Backman Janne T. , Neuvonen Pertti J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe studied the incidence of fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in a tertiary hospital to find out which drugs were involved. The secondary objective was to compare the data from the same hospital published 12 years earlier. All 1708 death cases in the Helsinki University Central Hospital during the year 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. All suspected drug‐related deaths, excluding suicides, were scrutinized by an expert panel using the WHO ADR probability classification. Of all cases, 52 (3.0%) were classified as certainly or probably drug related and 24 (1.4%) as possibly drug related. Together, these corresponded to 0.02% of all hospital admissions. The most commonly involved drugs in certain or probable cases were cytostatics (18 cases, 1.1% of all cases) and antithrombotics (17, 1.0%). Twelve years earlier, these caused 27 (1.8%) and 22 (1.5%) cases, respectively. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids caused less (2 and 0 cases) fatal ADRs than earlier (12 and 4 cases, p = 0.048 and p = 0.005, respectively). Most of the ADRs leading to death were present already in admission and affected seriously ill or elderly patients. Hospital‐born fatal ADRs occurred in 0.003% of patients. In conclusion, cytostatics and antithrombotics are still the leading causes of fatal ADRs, but NSAIDs and glucocorticoids seem to cause fatal ADRs less often than previously. The incidence of fatal ADRs in 2012 was 3.0% of all deaths, suggesting a decline compared to the 2000 value (5.0%). Improved awareness, prevention and treatment of ADRs and safer medicines may explain these declining trends.
PAX5 alterations in genetically unclassified childhood Precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Stasevich Irina , Inglott Sarah , Austin Nicola , Chatters Steve , Chalker Jane , Addy Dilys , Dryden Carryl , Ancliff Philip , Ford Anthony , Williams Owen , Kempski Helena 
Published: June 2015

SummaryHere, we report a high incidence of PAX5 abnormalities observed in 32/68 (47%) of patients with genetically unclassified childhood precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (pre‐B ALL). Various deletions, gains, mutations and rearrangements of PAX5 comprised 45%, 12%, 29% and 14%, respectively, of the abnormalities found. 28% of patients showed more than one abnormality of the gene, implying bi‐allelic impairment of PAX5. Novel PAX5‐RHOXF2, PAX5‐ELK3 and PAX5‐CBFA2T2 rearrangements, which lead to aberrant expression of PAX5, were also identified. PAX5 rearrangements demonstrated a complex mechanism of formation including concurrent duplications/deletions of PAX5 and its partner genes. Finally, the splice variant c.1013‐2A>G, seen in two patients with loss of one PAX5 allele, was confirmed to be germ‐line in one patient and somatic in the other. PAX5 alterations were also found to be clinically associated with a higher white blood cell count (P = 0·015). These findings contribute to the knowledge of PAX5 alterations and their role in the pathogenesis of pre‐B ALL.
Guideline on aspects of cancer‐related venous thrombosis
Authors: Watson Henry G. , Keeling David M. , Laffan Mike , Tait Robert Campbell , Makris Mike ,   the British Committee for Standards in Haematology
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe guideline was drafted by a writing group identified by the Haemostasis and Thrombosis Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH). All the authors are consultants in haematology in the UK. A search was performed of PubMed and Embase using the term ‘cancer’ combined with ‘thrombosis’, ‘treatment’, ‘prophylaxis’ and ‘clinical presentation’. The search covered articles published up until December 2014. Only human studies were included and articles not written in English were excluded. References in recent reviews were also examined. The writing group produced the draft guideline, which was subsequently revised by consensus by members of the Haemostasis and Thrombosis Task Force of the BCSH and the BCSH executive. The guideline was then reviewed by the sounding board of the British Society for Haematology (BSH). This comprises 50 or more members of the BSH who have reviewed the guidance and commented on the content and application to the UK setting. The ‘GRADE’ system was used to quote levels and grades of evidence, details of which can be found at: http://www.bcshguidelines.com/BCSH_PROCESS/EVIDENCE_LEVELS_AND_GRADES_OF_RECOMMENDATION/43_GRADE.html. The objective of this guideline is to provide healthcare professionals with clear guidance on the prevention and management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer and to advise on an approach to screening for cancer in patients with unprovoked VTE in whom cancer was not initially suspected based on clinical grounds.
Life with a stoma after curative resection for rectal cancer: a population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Feddern M.‐L. , Emmertsen K. J. , Laurberg S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of the investigation was to examine life with a stoma after rectal cancer surgery.MethodThis was a population‐based, cross‐sectional study of patients with a stoma treated for rectal cancer from 2001 to 2007. A questionnaire was mailed to patients who had undergone abdominoperineal excision, Hartmann's procedure and anterior resection with a permanent stoma.ResultsInformative answers were obtained from 644 (88%) of 732 patients. Most (91%) managed the stoma on their own. There was an impact of the stoma on the quality of life in 68% of patients but this was minor in 50%. Leakage of the appliance was reported in 59%, and 58% of patients were disturbed by the smell of faeces. A parastomal hernia was reported in 57% and pain at the stoma site in 30%. There was no association between the impact of the stoma on the quality of life and gender, type of surgery, use of radiochemotherapy or the interval from surgery.ConclusionMost patients reported little or no impact on quality of life resulting from the stoma, but many patients were disturbed by the smell or leakage of faeces. The parastomal hernia rate was extremely high.
Efficacy and safety of bone marrow‐derived cell transplantation for spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Li Xiao Chuan , Zhong Cheng Fan , Deng Gui Bin , Liang Rong Wei , Huang Chun Ming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeBone marrow‐derived cells (BMDCs) for clinical transplantation were carried out many years in treating spinal cord injury (SCI) without a clear conclusion. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BMDC transplantation in treatment of SCI patients.MethodElectronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane library, were searched to identify clinical therapeutic trials studying the application of BMDC transplantation in SCI.ResultsOverall the quality of the 24 studies was low, including one Grade I level of evidence, six Grade II levels, three Grade III levels, and 14 Grade IV levels. With a maximum of six‐yr follow‐up, the procedure‐related complications were minor and temporary, without serious adverse events (p = 0, n = 594). AIS improvement rate was analyzed in favor of BMDCs 6.13 (95% CI, 3.0–12.51; p < 0.001). In patient with complete (AIS A) and chronic SCI, the application of cell transplantation numbers between n × (107–108) seemed to be more beneficial (p < 0.05 for all groups).ConclusionsBased on short‐medium terms following up, BMDC transplantation appears to be safe and valid in SCI patients, more effective in chronic and complete injury. Nonetheless, prospective, randomized trials in larger cohorts are still needed.
Switching STudy of Kidney TRansplant PAtients with Tremor to LCP‐TacrO (STRATO): an open‐label, multicenter, prospective phase 3b study
Authors: Langone Anthony , Steinberg Steven M. , Gedaly Roberto , Chan Laurence K. , Shah Tariq , Sethi Kapil D. , Nigro Vincenza , Morgan John C. ,   STRATO Investigators
Published: June 2015

AbstractTremor is a common side effect of tacrolimus correlated with peak‐dose drug concentration. LCPT, a novel, once‐daily, extended‐release formulation of tacrolimus, has a reduced Cmax with comparable AUC exposure, requiring a ~30% dose reduction vs. immediate‐release tacrolimus. In this phase 3b study, kidney transplant recipients (KTR) on a stable dose of tacrolimus and with a reported clinically significant tremor were offered a switch to LCPT. Tremor pre‐ and seven d post‐conversion was evaluated by independent, blinded movement disorder neurologists using the Fahn–Tolosa–Marin (FTM) scale and by an accelerometry device; patients completed the QUEST (quality of life in essential tremor) and the Patient Global Impression of Change. There were 38 patients in the mITT population. A statistically and clinically significant improvement in tremor (FTM score, amplitude as measured by the accelerometry device and QOL [p‐values < 0.05]) resulted post‐conversion. Change in QUEST was significantly (p = 0.006) correlated (R = 0.44) with change in FTM; 78.9% of patients reported an improvement after switching to LCPT (p < 0.0005). To our knowledge this is the first trial in KTR that utilizes a sophisticated and reproducible measurement of tremor. Results suggest LCPT is associated with clinically meaningful improvement of hand tremor and may be an alternative management approach in lieu of further dose reduction of immediate‐release tacrolimus for patients experiencing tremor.
Incidence and care‐related costs of severe hypoglycaemia requiring emergency treatment in Andalusia (Spain): the PAUEPAD project
Authors: Barranco R. J. , Gomez‐Peralta F. , Abreu C. , Delgado M. , Palomares R. , Romero F. , Morales C. , de la Cal M. A. , Garcia‐Almeida J. M. , Pasquel F. , Umpierrez G. E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsHypoglycaemia is a serious medical emergency. The need for emergency medical service care and the costs of hypoglycaemic emergencies are not completely known.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study using Public Company for Health Emergencies (EPES) data for hypoglycaemia in 2012. The EPES provides emergency medical services to the entire population of Andalusia, Spain (8.5 million people). Data on event type, onsite treatments, emergency room visits or hospitalization were collected. Medical costs were estimated using the public rates for healthcare services.ResultsFrom a total of 1 137 738 emergency calls that requested medical assistance, 8683 had a primary diagnosis of hypoglycaemia (10.34 per 10 000 person‐years). The incidence of severe hypoglycaemic episodes requiring emergency treatment in the estimated population with diabetes was 810 episodes per 10 000 person‐years. A total of 7479 episodes (86%) required an emergency team to visit the patient's residence. The majority of cases (64%) were addressed in the residence, although 1784 (21%) cases were transferred to hospital. A total of 5564 events (65%) involved patients aged > 65 years. Overall mortality was 0.32% (28 cases). The total annual cost of attending a hypoglycaemic episode was €6 093 507, leading to an estimated mean direct cost per episode of €702 ± 565. Episodes that required hospital treatment accounted for 49% of the total costs.ConclusionsHypoglycaemia is a common medical emergency that is associated with high emergency medical service utilization, resulting in a significant economic impact on the health system.
The Utility of Systolic and Diastolic Echocardiographic Parameters for Predicting Coronary Artery Disease Burden as Defined by the SYNTAX Score
Authors: Liu Shuangbo , Moussa Motaz , Wassef Anthony W. , Hiebert Brett M. , Hussain Farrukh , Jassal Davinder S. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundEarly identification of high‐grade ischemia based on echocardiographic diastolic abnormalities may be clinically useful in the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) setting. This could provide the clinician with an awareness of the burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) before angiography is performed to allow for early intervention of suspected ischemic lesions. The objective of the study was to assess whether 2D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)‐derived tissue Doppler imaging parameters can predict the severity of CAD in comparison with the cardiac catheterization‐derived SYNTAX score.MethodsA retrospective study of 74 stable angina or patients with ACS was performed in 2012 at a single tertiary care center. In all study subjects, TTE and angiography were performed within 6 months of each other without revascularization in the interim.ResultsThe study population included a total of 74 patients (mean age 67 ± 12 years) with 77% presenting with an ACS. The median SYNTAX score was 24.0 (6.0–35.0). The E‐wave velocity was higher, and deceleration time (DT) was lower in the high SYNTAX group in comparison with the low/intermediate SYNTAX group (P = 0.045 and P = 0.001, respectively). Septal mitral annular S′ was lower in the high SYNTAX group (P = 0.02). After multivariate analysis, E/A ratio (OR 0.03, 95% 0.00–0.36, P = 0.0067), DT (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.97, P = 0.0001) and septal annular S′‐wave velocity (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.16–0.71, P = 0.0038) remained strong predictors of a high SYNTAX score.ConclusionEarly identification of systolic and diastolic dysfunction based on echocardiographic parameters may be of important clinical significance for predicting CAD burden prior to invasive angiography.
Effects of plant volatiles on electrophysiological and behavioral responses ofCryptorrhynchus lapathi
Authors: Cao Qing‐Jie , Yu Jia , Ran Ya‐Li , Chi De‐Fu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractElectroantennogram (EAG), Y‐tube olfactometer, and wind tunnel bioassays were conducted to test the electrophysiological and behavioral responses ofCryptorrhynchus lapathiL. (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) to six individual volatiles and seven essential oils (compounded volatiles). The aim of this study was to select effective plant compounds that can be used in the development of semiochemical‐based push–pull methods for the control of this harmful insect. Male and femaleC. lapathidisplayed strongEAGresponses to linoleic acid, α‐pinene, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, geraniol, turpentine oil, and salicylaldehyde. Y‐tube olfactometer assays indicated that salicylaldehyde and α‐pinene elicited strong repellent effects on femaleC. lapathi. Linoleic acid and (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol showed greater luring effects on male and femaleC. lapathicompared with the control. Turpentine oil was stronger repellent, and geraniol showed stronger luring effects on maleC. lapathithan the control. Wind tunnel assays with both male and femaleC. lapathiindicated that salicylaldehyde, α‐pinene, and turpentine oil elicited repellent effects compared with the control. Linoleic acid, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, and geraniol were stronger lures of both male and femaleC. lapathithan the control. These results provide a basis for the further development ofC. lapathiluring and repellent agents.
Assassin bugs of the subfamily Diaspidiinae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae): distribution and potential ecological niches
Authors: Chłond Dominik , Bugaj‐Nawrocka Agnieszka 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe prediction and definition of the conditions for the potentially suitable ecological niche of the subfamily Diaspidiinae was the main goal of this study. Our research was based on 283 specimens of all known species of assassin bugs belonging to the subfamily Diaspidiinae stored in European museum collections and a set of 21 environmental variables in the form of a 1 × 1 km grid covering Africa and Madagascar. Based on occurrence localities, as well as a digital elevation model and layer of the tree cover‐continuous fields, information about the distribution of each species is given. Using Maxent software, potentially useful ecological niches were modeled, which allowed for the creation of a map of the potential distribution of the members of this subfamily and for determining their climatic preferences. A jackknife test showed that annual precipitation, annual temperature range and tree cover‐continuous fields were the most important environmental variables affecting the distribution of the subfamily Diaspidiinae. An analysis of climatic preferences suggested that the representatives of the subfamily were linked mainly to the tropical climate. An analysis of environmental variables also showed that the subfamily preferred areas with herbaceous vegetation and some trees, and this preference is probably caused by the food preferences of their prey. On the basis of the museum data on the species occurrence, as well as ecological niche modeling methods, we provided new and valuable information on potentially suitable habitat and the possible range of distribution of the subfamily Diaspidiinae along with its climatic preferences.
Drug–drug interaction between clobazam and cannabidiol in children with refractory epilepsy
Authors: Geffrey Alexandra L. , Pollack Sarah F. , Bruno Patricia L. , Thiele Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryObjectiveUnder an expanded access investigational new drug (IND) trial, cannabidiol (CBD) is being studied as a possible adjuvant treatment of refractory epilepsy in children. Of the 25 subjects in the trial, 13 were being treated with clobazam (CLB). Because CLB and CBD are both metabolized in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway, we predicted a drug–drug interaction, which we evaluate in this article.MethodsThirteen subjects with refractory epilepsy concomitantly taking CLB and CBD under IND 119876 were included in this study. Demographic information was collected for each subject including age, sex, and etiology of seizures, as well as concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). CLB, N‐desmethylclobazam (norclobazam; nCLB), and CBD levels were measured over the course of CBD treatment. CLB doses were recorded at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8 of CBD treatment. Side effects were monitored.ResultsWe report elevated CLB and nCLB levels in these subjects. The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) increase in CLB levels was 60 ± 80% (95% confidence interval (CI) [−2–91%] at 4 weeks); the mean increase in nCLB levels was 500 ± 300% (95% CI [+90–610%] at 4 weeks). Nine of 13 subjects had a >50% decrease in seizures, corresponding to a responder rate of 70%. The increased CLB and nCLB levels and decreases in seizure frequency occurred even though, over the course of CBD treatment, CLB doses were reduced for 10 (77%) of the 13 subjects. Side effects were reported in 10 (77%) of the 13 subjects, but were alleviated with CLB dose reduction.SignificanceMonitoring of CLB and nCLB levels is necessary for clinical care of patients concomitantly on CLB and CBD. Nonetheless, CBD is a safe and effective treatment of refractory epilepsy in patients receiving CLB treatment.
Equine allogeneic umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stromal cells reduce synovial fluid nucleated cell count and induce mild self‐limiting inflammation when evaluated in an lipopolysaccharide induced synovitis model
Authors: Williams L. B. , Koenig J. B. , Black B. , Gibson T. W. G. , Sharif S. , Koch T. G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyImprovement has been reported following intra‐articular (i.a.) injection of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in several species. These observations have led to the use of i.a.MSCs in equine practice with little understanding of the mechanisms by which perceived improvement occurs.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of i.a. allogeneic umbilical cord blood (CB‐) derivedMSCs using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced synovitis model. We hypothesised that i.a.CB‐MSCs would reduce the inflammatory response associated withLPSinjection.Study designRandomised, blinded experimental study.MethodsFeasibility studies evaluated i.a.LPSorCB‐MSCs alone into the tarsocrural joint. In the principal study, middle carpal joint synovitis was induced bilaterally with LPS and thenCB‐MSCs were injected into one middle carpal joint. Lameness, routine synovial fluid analysis, and synovial fluid biomarkers were evaluated at 0, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h.ResultsLPSinjection alone resulted in transient lameness and signs of inflammation. In joints untreated withLPS, injection of 30 millionCB‐MSCs resulted in mild synovitis that resolved without treatment. Mild (grade 1–2) lameness in theCB‐MSC‐treated limb was observed in 2 horses and severe lameness (grade 4) in the 3rd, 24 h post injection. Lameness did not correlate with synovitis induced byCB‐MSCinjection. Simultaneous injection ofLPSandCB‐MSCs resulted in significant reduction in synovial fluid total nucleated, neutrophil and mononuclear cell numbers compared with contralateralLPS‐only joints. No difference was detected in other parameters associated with synovial fluid analysis or in synovial fluid biomarkers. The incidence of lameness was only different from baseline at 8 h, where horses were lame inCB‐MSClimbs.ConclusionsAllogeneicCB‐MSCs reduced synovial fluid cell populations and stimulated mild self‐limiting inflammation in the synovitis model. Continued evaluation of the effects of i.a.CB‐MSCtherapy on synovitis in horses is needed to evaluate anti‐ and proinflammatory properties ofCB‐MSCs. Immediate interests are dose, timing of treatment, and treatment frequency.