bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benchmark dose of cadmium concentration in rice for renal effects in a cadmium‐polluted area in Japan
Authors: Nogawa Kazuhiro , Kido Teruhiko , Nishijo Muneko , Nakagawa Hideaki , Suwazono Yasushi 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to estimate the reference level of cadmium in rice as the benchmark doses (BMD) and their 95% lower confidence limits (BMDL) for various renal effects by applying an updated hybrid approach. The participants were 1120 men and 1274 women aged 50 years or older who lived in the environmentally exposed Kakehashi river basin for at least 30 years. As indicators of renal dysfunction, glucose, protein, aminonitrogen, metallothionein and β2‐microgrobulin in urine were measured. Cadmium concentration was determined for rice samples stored in warehouses of the farmers in all of the polluted hamlets. The BMD and BMDL that corresponded to an additional risk of 5% were calculated with background risk at a zero exposure set at 5%. The obtained BMDLs were 0.39 (aminonitrogen), 0.26 (metallothionein), 0.25 (β2‐microgrobulin) mg kg–1 in men and 0.44 (glucose), 0.32 (protein), 0.33 (aminonitrogen), 0.28 (metallothionein) and 0.24 (β2‐microgrobulin) mg kg–1 in women. The lowest BMDL was 0.25 and 0.24 mg kg–1 (β2‐microgrobulin) in men and women respectively. These values were lower than the maximum level (0.4 mg kg–1) determined by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, indicating that these BMDLs may contribute to further discussion on the health risk assessment of cadmium exposure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Er:YAG laser on bond strength of self‐etching adhesives to caries‐affected dentin
Authors: Koyuturk Alp Erdin , Ozmen Bilal , Cortcu Murat , Tokay Ugur , Tosun Gul , Erhan Sari Mustafa 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe erbium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Er:YAG) laser may be effective the bond strength of adhesive systems on dentine surfaces, the chemical composition and aggressiveness of adhesive systems in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Er:YAG laser system with the bonding ability of two different self‐etching adhesives to caries‐affected dentine in primary molars. Ninety mid‐coronal flat dentine surfaces obtained from sound and caries‐affected human primary dentine were treated with an Er:YAG laser or a bur. The prepared surfaces were restored with an adhesive system (Xeno V; Clearfil S3) and a compomer (Dyract Extra). The restored teeth were sectioned with a low‐speed saw and 162 samples were obtained. The bond strength of the adhesive systems was tested using the micro‐tensile test method. The data were statistically analyzed. A restored tooth in each group was processed for scanning electron microscopy evaluation. The values of the highest bond strength were obtained from the Clearfil S3‐Er:YAG laser‐sound dentine group in all groups. (24.57 ± 7.27 MPa) (P > 0.05). The values of the lowest bond strength were obtained from the Xeno V‐Er:YAG laser‐sound dentine group in all groups (11.01 ± 3.89 MPa). It was determined that the Clearfil S3 increased the bond strength on the surface applied with Er:YAG laser according to the Xeno V. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:282–288, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Iodine‐enhanced micro‐CT imaging: Methodological refinements for the study of the soft‐tissue anatomy of post‐embryonic vertebrates
Authors: Gignac Paul M. , Kley Nathan J. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe now widespread use of non‐destructive X‐ray computed tomography (CT) and micro‐CT (µCT) has greatly augmented our ability to comprehensively detail and quantify the internal hard‐tissue anatomy of vertebrates. However, the utility of X‐ray imaging for gaining similar insights into vertebrate soft‐tissue anatomy has yet to be fully realized due to the naturally low X‐ray absorption of non‐mineralized tissues. In this study, we show how a wide diversity of soft‐tissue structures within the vertebrate head—including muscles, glands, fat deposits, perichondria, dural venous sinuses, white and gray matter of the brain, as well as cranial nerves and associated ganglia—can be rapidly visualized in their natural relationships with extraordinary levels of detail using iodine‐enhanced (i‐e) µCT imaging. To date, Lugol's iodine solution (I2KI) has been used as a contrast agent for µCT imaging of small invertebrates, vertebrate embryos, and certain isolated parts of larger, post‐embryonic vertebrates. These previous studies have all yielded promising results, but visualization of soft tissues in smaller invertebrate and embryonic vertebrate specimens has generally been more complete than that for larger, post‐embryonic vertebrates. Our research builds on these previous studies by using high‐energy µCT together with more highly concentrated I2KI solutions and longer staining times to optimize the imaging and differentiation of soft tissues within the heads of post‐embryonic archosaurs (Alligator mississippiensisandDromaius novaehollandiae). We systematically quantify the intensities of tissue staining, demonstrate the range of anatomical structures that can be visualized, and generate a partial three‐dimensional reconstruction of alligator cephalic soft‐tissue anatomy.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 166–176, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous detection of stable isotope‐labeled and unlabeled l‐tryptophan and of its main metabolites, l‐kynurenine, serotonin and quinolinic acid, by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Sano Mitsue , Ferchaud‐Roucher Véronique , Nael Charlotte , Aguesse Audrey , Poupeau Guillaume , Castellano Blandine , Darmaun Dominique 
Published: February 2014

A method for the detection of unlabeled and 15N2‐labeled l‐tryptophan (l‐Trp), l‐kynurenine (l‐Kyn), serotonin (5‐HT) and quinolinic acid (QA) in human and rat plasma by GC/MS is described. Labeled and unlabeled versions of these four products were analyzed as their acyl substitution derivatives using pentafluoropropionic anhydride and 2,2,3,3,3‐pentafluoro‐1‐propanol. Products were then separated by GC and analyzed by selected ion monitoring using negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. l‐[13C11, 15N2]‐Trp, methyl‐serotonin and 3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid were used as internal standards for this method. The coefficients of variation for inter‐assay repeatability were found to be approximately 5.2% for l‐Trp and 15N2‐Trp, 17.1% for l‐Kyn, 16.9% for 5‐HT and 5.8% for QA (n = 2).We used this method to determine isotope enrichments in plasma l‐Trp over the course of a continuous, intravenous infusion of l‐[15N2]Trp in pregnant rat in the fasting state. Plasma 15N2‐Trp enrichment reached a plateau at 120 min. The free Trp appearance rate (Ra) into plasma was 49.5 ± 3.35 µmol/kg/h.The GC/MS method was applied to determine the enrichment of 15N‐labeled l‐Trp, l‐Kyn, 5‐HT and QA concurrently with the concentration of non‐labeled l‐Trp, l‐Kyn, 5‐HT and QA in plasma. This method may help improve our understanding on l‐Trp metabolism in vivo in animals and humans and potentially reveal the relative contribution of the four pathways of l‐Trp metabolism. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitochondrial diversity supports multiple origins for invasive pigs
Authors: Mccann Blake E. , Malek Mathew J. , Newman Robert A. , Schmit Brandon S. , Swafford Seth R. , Sweitzer Richard A. , Simmons Rebecca B. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTOur objective was to identify and evaluate mitochondrial diversity of wild pigs in the United States (U.S.). We obtained tissue samples from 81 individual pigs in 30 U.S. states and amplified a 403 base‐pair region of mitochondrial DNA. We then downloaded overlapping sequences (n = 904) from public repositories to create a global reference. We used parsimony and Bayesian techniques to evaluate phylogenetic relationships, and we used origins of published sequences from Eurasian wild boar to establish a phylogeographic reference. We then compared gene and nucleotide diversity measures for introduced pigs in North America with those of domestic swine, Eurasian wild boar, and feral pigs within broad‐scale geographic groupings. We identified 15 haplotypes for introduced pigs, representing wild and domestic animals from >30 countries spanning the indigenous range of S. scrofa. Mitochondrial diversity measures and phylogenetic relationships indicated a strong association between introduced pigs and European domestic breeds, reflecting the known history of human colonization, trade, and settlement in the United States. Based on the geographic distribution of haplotypes in North America, we found that range expansion is a product of translocation from historical populations and introduction from new genetic sources. Finally, haplotype network analyses provided evidence of past demographic expansions within lineages, contributing to observed mtDNA variation among introduced pigs in North America. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Forecasting eradication of bovine tuberculosis in Michigan white‐tailed deer
Authors: Ramsey David S. L. , O'brien Daniel J. , Cosgrove Melinda K. , Rudolph Brent A. , Locher Alexandra B. , Schmitt Stephen M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis infection in Michigan white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has proven resistant to current management practices. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) is faced with managing a protracted bTB outbreak with shrinking economic resources, its initial control strategies approaching, or having reached, the limits of their effectiveness. Planning tools are needed to project the outbreak's future course and forecast the likely outcomes of proposed controls. We describe development of a spatially explicit, individual‐based stochastic simulation model of bTB in Michigan white‐tailed deer. We sought to 1) characterize whether eradication of bTB is possible by increasing hunter harvest or via vaccination, and how long it is likely to take to achieve eradication; 2) characterize the effect of concurrent deer baiting; and 3) assess the effect of baiting on the probability of bTB establishment in uninfected areas. Simulations indicated that current MDNR management strategies are unlikely to eradicate bTB from the core outbreak area's deer population within the next 30 years. A 50–100% increase (over current rates) of both antlered and antlerless deer harvest was required to achieve eradication if baiting was occurring, compared to only a 50% increase in harvest required if baiting was eliminated. Vaccination strategies required frequent application and high exposure rates (>90%) to achieve eradication, which baiting delayed. Simulations indicated that if bTB was eradicated from the core outbreak area, a single infected deer introduced into the area would be 8 times more likely to re‐establish bTB if baiting was occurring. The ability to forecast likely outcomes of disease management can be critical for wildlife managers to assess whether specific strategies are likely to be successful. Because current policy appears unlikely to achieve the stated goal of eradicating bTB from Michigan in the foreseeable future, reorienting the bTB program from eradication to controlling geographic spread and transmission to cattle may be more realistic goals. Spatial models such as ours are ideally suited to investigating spatial heterogeneity of disease transmission, and how transmission is influenced by aggregating factors such as baiting or supplemental feeding. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Gender, race, and electrophysiologic characteristics of the branched recurrent laryngeal nerve
Authors: Fontenot Tatyana E. , Randolph Gregory W. , Friedlander Paul L. , Masoodi Hammad , Yola Ibrahim M. , Kandil Emad 
Published: February 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe extralaryngeal branching of recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN) conveys an increased risk of nerve injury during thyroid surgery. We hypothesized that racial and gender variations in prevalence of branched RLN exist.Study DesignA retrospective review of all patients who underwent thyroid surgery in a 4‐year period in a single surgeon practice.MethodsThe RLN was routinely identified during thyroid surgery. Presence of RLN branching, its distance from the laryngeal nerve entry point (NEP), and functionality of the branches were ascertained. Patient demographics, rates of neural branching, and distance of bifurcation from the NEP were evaluated using statistical analysis.ResultsWe identified 719 RLNs at risk in 491 patients who underwent central neck surgery. Four hundred and five (82.5%) patients were female and 86 (17.5%) patients were male. There were 218 (44.4%) African American patients and 251 (51.1 %) Caucasian patients.In African American patients, 42.1% RLNs bifurcated compared to 33.2% RLNs in Caucasian (P = 0.017) patients. The RLNs of African American and Caucasian patients bifurcated at comparable distances (P = 0.30).In male patients, 39.1% RLNs bifurcated; whereas in female patients 36.2% RLNs bifurcated (P = 0.53). On average, RLN bifurcation in female patients was at a longer distance from NEP compared to that of male patients (P = 0.012). Electrophysiologic testing found motor fibers in all anterior branches and three posterior extralaryngeal RLN branches.ConclusionAfrican American patients have a higher rate of RLN bifurcation compared to Caucasian patients but no statistically significant difference in distance from NEP. Female patients tend to have longer branching variants of bifid RLNs. RLN motor fibers reside primarily in the anterior branch but may occur in the posterior branch.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope 124:2433–2437, 2014
Stable and super‐low friction of amorphous carbon nitride coatings in nitrogen gas by using two‐step ball‐on‐disk friction test
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Sugo Masakatsu , Adachi Koshi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEffect of running‐in process on friction behaviour of carbon nitride (CNx) coating in N2 gas stream was investigated with a newly introduced two‐step ball‐on‐disk friction test, where the rubbed Si3N4 ball in the pre‐sliding (step 1) was replaced by a new CNx‐coated Si3N4 ball in the subsequent sliding stage under N2 gas (step 2). The two‐step friction test is clarified to be a simple but effective technique for obtaining contact material combination of self‐mated CNx coatings and for achieving stable and low frictions of CNx coatings. Friction coefficients of CNx/CNx in N2 gas stream decrease greatly from 0.07 without pre‐sliding to less than 0.025 in two‐step friction tests. The minimum friction coefficient of 0.004 was obtained by introducing 500 cycles of pre‐sliding in ambient air. These stable and low frictions are attributed to the generation of self‐mated CNx coatings and the formation of a lubricious layer on the disk surface. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal discrimination, a cervical dystonia endophenotype: Penetrance and functional correlates
Authors: Kimmich Okka , Molloy Anna , Whelan Robert , Williams Laura , Bradley David , Balsters Joshua , Molloy Fiona , Lynch Tim , Healy Daniel G. , Walsh Cathal , O'Riordan Seán , Reilly Richard B. , Hutchinson Michael 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe pathogenesis of adult‐onset primary dystonia remains poorly understood. There is variable age‐related and gender‐related expression of the phenotype, the commonest of which is cervical dystonia. Endophenotypes may provide insight into underlying genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms of dystonia. The temporal discrimination threshold (TDT)—the shortest time interval at which two separate stimuli can be detected as being asynchronous—is abnormal both in patients with cervical dystonia and in their unaffected first‐degree relatives. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that putaminal activation positively correlates with the ease of temporal discrimination between two stimuli in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that abnormal temporal discrimination would exhibit similar age‐related and gender‐related penetrance as cervical dystonia and that unaffected relatives with an abnormal TDT would have reduced putaminal activation during a temporal discrimination task. TDTs were examined in a group of 192 healthy controls and in 158 unaffected first‐degree relatives of 84 patients with cervical dystonia. In 24 unaffected first‐degree relatives, fMRI scanning was performed during a temporal discrimination task. The prevalence of abnormal TDTs in unaffected female relatives reached 50% after age 48 years; whereas, in male relatives, penetrance of the endophenotype was reduced. By fMRI, relatives who had abnormal TDTs, compared with relatives who had normal TDTs, had significantly less activation in the putamina and in the middle frontal and precentral gyri. Only the degree of reduction of putaminal activity correlated significantly with worsening of temporal discrimination. These findings further support abnormal temporal discrimination as an endophenotype of cervical dystonia involving disordered basal ganglia circuits. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A semi‐Lagrangean time‐integration approach for extended finite element methods
Authors: Henke F. , Winklmaier M. , Gravemeier V. , Wall W. A. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYMany computational problems incorporate discontinuities that evolve in time. The eXtendend Finite Element Method (XFEM) is able to represent discontinuities sharply on fixed arbitrary meshes, but numerical difficulties arise if these discontinuities move in time. We point out that this issue is crucial for interface problems with strongly discontinuous fields on fixed grids. A method using semi‐Lagrangean techniques is proposed to adequately handle time integration based on finite difference schemes in the context of the XFEM. The basic idea is to adapt previous numerical solutions to the current interface position by tracking back virtual Lagrangean particles to their previous positions, where an appropriate solution can be extrapolated from a smooth field. Convergence properties of the proposed method in time and space are thoroughly studied for two one‐dimensional model problems. Finally, the method is applied to the particularly challenging problem of premixed combustion, where the discontinuity appears at the flame front separating the burnt from the unburnt gases. A two‐dimensional and a three‐dimensional expanding flame demonstrates that the method is sufficiently accurate to retain the properties of the overall Nitsche‐type formulation for interface problems with embedded strong discontinuities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceptions of Adolescents, Parents, and School Personnel From a Predominantly Cuban American Community Regarding Dating and Teen Dating Violence Prevention
Authors: Gonzalez‐Guarda Rosa M. , Cummings Amanda M. , Pino Karen , Malhotra Krithika , Becerra Maria M. , Lopez Jessica E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of dating relationships and teen dating violence prevention within a predominantly Cuban American community in Miami‐Dade County. Eight focus groups (n = 74 participants) with adolescents of Hispanic origin (n = 29), their parents (n = 29), and school personnel (n = 16) were conducted and analyzed using content analysis. Four themes characterized the nature and context of dating relationships among adolescents of Hispanic origin: YOLO—You Only Live Once, cultural unity but social division, dating is not going out, and the social environment challenges healthy relationships. The information generated from this study can be used to develop culturally tailored teen dating violence prevention programs targeting youth of Hispanic origin. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neurological findings and genetic alterations in patients with Kostmann syndrome and HAX1 mutations
Authors: Roques Gaëlle , Munzer Martine , Barthez Marie‐Anne Carpentier , Beaufils Sandrine , Beaupain Blandine , Flood Terry , Keren Boris , Bellanné‐Chantelot Christine , Donadieu Jean 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical profile and the prevalence of severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and HAX1 mutations, so‐called Kostmann syndrome, in France.Study DesignTwo pedigrees were identified from the French registry.ResultsThe study included five subjects (three males), which represent 0.7% of the 759 SCN cases registered in France. The age at diagnosis was 0.3 years (range: 0.1–1.2 years) and the median age at the last follow‐up was 7.3 years (range: 1.2–17.8 years). A novel large homozygous deletion of the HAX1 gene (exons 2–5) was found in one pedigree; while, a homozygous frameshift mutation was identified in exon 3 (c.430dupG, p.Val144fs) in the second pedigree. Severe bacterial infections were observed in four patients, including two cases of sepsis, one case of pancolitis, a lung abscess, and recurrent cellulitis and stomatitis. During routine follow‐up, the median neutrophil value was 0.16 × 109/L, associated with monocytosis (2 × 109/L). Bone marrow (BM) smears revealed a decrease of the granulocytic lineage with no mature myeloid cells above the myelocytes. One patient died at age 2 from neurological complications, while two other patients, including one who underwent a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at age 5, are living with very severe neurological retardation.ConclusionsSCN with HAX1 mutations, is a rare sub type of congenital neutropenia, mostly observed in population from Sweden and Asia minor, associating frequently neurological retardation, when the mutations involved the B isoform of the protein. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1041–1048. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Banning of methyl bromide for seed treatment: could Ditylenchus dipsaci again become a major threat to alfalfa production in Europe?
Authors: Mouttet Raphaëlle , Escobar‐Gutiérrez Abraham , Esquibet Magali , Gentzbittel Laurent , Mugniéry Didier , Reignault Philippe , Sarniguet Corinne , Castagnone‐Sereno Philippe 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn Europe, the stem and bulb nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci has been listed as a quarantine pest by EPPO: without any control, it may cause complete failure of alfalfa crops. Movement of nematodes associated with seeds is considered to be the highest‐risk pathway for the spread of this pest. Since the 2010 official withdrawal of methyl bromide in Europe, and in the absence of any alternative chemical, fumigation of contaminated seed batches is no longer possible, which makes the production of nematode‐free alfalfa seeds difficult to achieve and leads to unmarketable seed batches. Thermotherapy is being considered as a realistic alternative strategy, but its efficiency still remains to be validated. The combination of the currently available methods (i.e. use of resistant cultivars, seed production according to a certification scheme, mechanical sieving, seed batch inspection) could significantly reduce the likelihood of seed contamination. However, it does not guarantee a total eradication of the nematode. Although it is already widely distributed all over Europe, reclassification of D. dipsaci as a regulated non‐quarantine pest to reduce the possibility of further introductions and the rate of spread of this pest appears to be a risky strategy because of the lack of up‐to‐date documented data to evaluate damage thresholds and determine acceptable tolerance levels. [[ArtCopyrightmsg]]