bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐concentration vemurafenib induces the proliferation and invasion of human HaCaT keratinocytes through mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway activation
Authors: Roh Mi Ryung , Kim Jung Min , Lee Sang Hee , Jang Hong Sun , Park Kyu Hyun , Chung Kee Yang , Rha Sun Young 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and keratoacanthomas commonly occur in patients treated with BRAF inhibitors. We investigated the effect of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib on normal immortalized human HaCaT keratinocytes to explore the mechanism of hyperproliferative cutaneous neoplasia associated with the use of BRAF inhibitors. Vemurafenib induced an increase in viable cell number in BRAF wild‐type cell lines (SK‐MEL‐2 and HaCaT) but not in BRAF mutant cell lines (SK‐MEL‐24 and G361). In HaCaT keratinocytes, a low concentration (2 μmol/L) of vemurafenib increased cell proliferation and activated mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase in a CRAF‐dependent manner. Invasiveness of HaCaT cells in a Matrigel assay significantly increased upon cultivation of cells with 2 μmol/L vemurafenib for 24 h. Gelatin zymography, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot results revealed that 2 μmol/L vemurafenib treatment increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 expressions and activities in HaCaT cells. These results offer additional insight into the complex mechanism of paradoxical mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling involved in hyperproliferative cutaneous neoplasias that arise after BRAF inhibition and suggest a possible role for MMP in tumor progression and invasion.
Psoriatic T cells reduce epidermal turnover time and affect cell proliferation contributed from differential gene expression
Authors: Li Junqin , Li Xinhua , Hou Ruixia , Liu Ruifeng , Zhao Xincheng , Dong Feng , Wang Chunfang , Yin Guohua , Zhang Kaiming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPsoriasis is mediated primarily by T cells, which reduce epidermal turnover time and affect keratinocyte proliferation. We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) in T cells from normal, five pairs of monozygotic twins concordant or discordant for psoriasis, to determine whether these DEG may account for the influence to epidermal turnover time and keratinocyte proliferation. The impact of T cells on keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal turnover time were investigated separately by immunohistochemistry and cultured with 3H‐TdR. mRNA expression patterns were investigated by RNA sequencing and verified by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. After co‐culture with psoriatic T cells, the expression of Ki‐67, c‐Myc and p53 increased, while expression of Bcl‐2 and epidermal turnover time decreased. There were 14 DEG which were found to participate in the regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation. Psoriatic T cells exhibited the ability to decrease epidermal turnover time and affect keratinocyte proliferation because of the differential expression of PPIL1, HSPH1, SENP3, NUP54, FABP5, PLEKHG3, SLC9A9 and CHCHD4.
Focal epithelial hyperplasia by human papillomavirus (HPV)‐32 misdiagnosed as HPV‐16 and treated with combination of retinoids, imiquimod and quadrivalent HPV vaccine
Authors: Gemigniani Franco , Hernández‐Losa Javier , Ferrer Berta , García‐Patos Vicente 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFocal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) or Heck's disease is a rare, benign and asymptomatic mucosal proliferation associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, mainly with genotypes 13 and 32. We report a florid case of FEH in an 11‐year‐old Haitian girl with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Cryotherapy was previously performed on numerous occasions with no results. We decided to prescribe a non‐invasive and more comfortable treatment. A combination of topical retinoid and imiquimod cream was well tolerated and led to an important improvement. The evidence of infection by HPV‐16 detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, prompted us to prescribe the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (types 6, 11,16 and 18). Subsequent PCR sequencing with generic primers GP5–GP6 and further BLAST comparative analysis confirmed that genomic viral sequence in our case truly corresponded with HPV‐32. This molecular misdiagnosis can be explained by the similarity between genomic sequences of both HPV‐16 and ‐32 genotypes. At the 1‐year follow up, we observed total clinical improvement and no recurrences of the disease. Complete healing in this case may correspond to a potential action of topical retinoid, imiquimod and the cross‐protection mechanism of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine.
Pyoderma gangrenosum with increased levels of serum cytokines
Authors: Kozono Kana , Nakahara Takeshi , Kikuchi Satoko , Itoh Eriko , Kido‐Nakahara Makiko , Furue Masutaka 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA 66‐year‐old woman presented after an episode of accidental trauma with a painful ulcer on her scalp which rapidly enlarged in size, accompanied by central necrosis and undermining ulceration. The patient's past history was negative for underlying systemic disease, although she had had a similar post‐traumatic intractable leg ulcer 3 years prior, which was unresponsive to surgical management but successfully treated with systemic steroids. A biopsied specimen from the scalp showed marked neutrophilic infiltrates in the dermis, compatible with a diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). The large ulcerative lesion responded very well to oral steroid therapy, showing rapid epithelialization. Serum levels of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐6 were significantly elevated prior to treatment, with decrease to normal levels after treatment. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor levels were within normal limits. The significance and pathogenic role of cytokine burst in PG is reviewed and discussed.
Leaf damage effects on leaf expansion timing in Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Yamawo Akira , Tagawa Jun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFor many plant species, biotic factors determining the timing of leaf expansion have not been elucidated sufficiently. We investigated the effects of leaf damage on the timing of leaf defoliation and on the timing of leaf expansion in Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae). The degree of leaf herbivory of M. japonicus in the field was examined in summer, with subsequent investigation of the date of leaf defoliation in autumn and that of leaf expansion the following spring. Effects of artificial leaf damage on the timing of leaf defoliation and of leaf expansion were also examined in a greenhouse. In the field, the degree of leaf herbivory sustained by M. japonicus did not affect the timing of defoliation. However, the timing of leaf expansion the next spring advanced earlier, concomitantly with the increase of leaf damage during the previous year. Fifty per cent artificial leaf damage in M. japonicus saplings in summer had no marked effect on the timing of leaf defoliation in autumn. However, the effects of leaf damage on the timing of leaf expansion were apparent the following spring: the damaged plants expanded new leaves ca. 8 days earlier than control plants did. Plants that showed earlier leaf expansion tended to have a higher shoot/root ratio. Our results demonstrate that the plants advance the timing of their leaf expansion in response to leaf damage sustained during the previous year, suggesting that the shoot/root ratio is a determining factor.
Repeatability of Mice Consumption Discrimination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties across Field Experiments and Mouse Cohorts
Authors: Kiszonas Alecia M. , Fuerst E. Patrick , Morris Craig F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWhole grain wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) foods can provide critical nutrients for health and nutrition in the human diet. Potential flavor differences among varieties can be examined using consumption discrimination of the house mouse (Mus musculus L.) as a model system. This study examines consistency and repeatability of the mouse model and potentially, wheat grain flavor. A single elimination tournament design was used to measure relative consumption preference for hard red spring and hard white spring varieties across all 3 experiments in combination with 2 mouse cohorts. Fifteen replicate mice were used in 24‐h trials to examine differences in preference among paired wheat varieties until an overall “winner” was established as the most highly preferred variety of wheat. In all 3 experiment–cohort combinations, the same varieties were preferred as the “winner” of both the hard red spring and hard white spring wheat varieties, Hollis and BR 7030, respectively. Despite the consistent preference for these varieties across experiments, the degree (magnitude) to which the mice preferred these varieties varied across experiments. For the hard white spring wheat varieties, the small number of varieties and confounding effects of experiment and cohort limited our ability to accurately gauge repeatability. Conversely, for the hard red spring wheat varieties, consumption preferences were consistent across experiments and mice cohorts. The single‐elimination tournament model was effective in providing repeatable results in an effort to more fully understand the mouse model system and possible flavor differences among wheat varieties.
A new procedure for extrapolating turnover regionalization at mid‐small spatial scales, tested onBritish butterflies
Authors: Dapporto Leonardo , Ciolli Gianni , Dennis Roger L. H. , Fox Richard , Shreeve Tim G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBiotic regionalization provides fundamental information for biogeography and conservation. The current consensus is to couple turnover indices and clustering methods to identify regions with distinct biotic composition. Nevertheless, turnover indices can produce large numbers of zero and tied dissimilarity values generating multiple clustering solutions which vary according to the arbitrary order of cases in the input matrix. Zero and tied values are particularly numerous at mid‐small spatial scales where low signals for turnover occur. Turnover patterns can be also obscured by incomplete sampling.We have designed a new method (recluster.region) based on the creation of a new dissimilarity matrix involving a continuous consensus of cell clustering among different random trees. This matrix minimizes the bias produced by zero and tied values before the final clustering. We created virtual data sets witha priorigenerated turnover areas and compared the power of the new and of classic methods in recognizing regionalization patterns on the basis of several evaluators (consistency among runs, correct attribution, mean silhouette width and explained dissimilarity) for different levels of sampling intensity [collection completeness (CC)]. We also used a real data set of British butterflies recorded for 10 × 10 km2cells to test our method.All methods were sensitive to the order of cases in the dissimilarity matrix. Some methods (UPGMA,UPGMC,WPGMA,WPGMCand single linkage) also produced ineffective clustering solutions. Our recluster.region procedures had higher consistency compared to classic clustering and performed best in recognizing thea prioridetermined regions in virtual data sets (mostly when in association with Ward clustering). Moreover, for the real butterfly data set, recluster.region associated with Ward method and to a lesser extent withDIANAand complete linkage resulted in stable solutions, which largely agreed with the distribution of a set of species identified as responsible for generating the turnover pattern. The Ward method also performed best with low CC.Regionalization can be greatly improved by using the recluster.region algorithm. For the data set of butterflies, it clearly revealed the occurrence of three faunistic regions, supporting the existence of a Holocene climatic refuge and a current Anthropocene refuge in northern and western Britain.
A new FST‐based method to uncover local adaptation using environmental variables
Authors: de Villemereuil Pierre , Gaggiotti Oscar E. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Genome‐scan methods are used for screening genomewide patterns of DNA polymorphism to detect signatures of positive selection. There are two main types of methods: (i) ‘outlier’ detection methods based on that detect loci with high differentiation compared to the rest of the genome and (ii) environmental association methods that test the association between allele frequencies and environmental variables.

We present a new ‐based genome‐scan method, BayeScEnv, which incorporates environmental information in the form of ‘environmental differentiation’. It is based on the F model, but, as opposed to existing approaches, it considers two locus‐specific effects: one due to divergent selection and the other due to various other processes different from local adaptation (e.g. range expansions, differences in mutation rates across loci or background selection). The method was developped in C++ and is available at http://github.com/devillemereuil/bayescenv.

A simulation study shows that our method has a much lower false positive rate than an existing ‐based method, BayeScan, under a wide range of demographic scenarios. Although it has lower power, it leads to a better compromise between power and false positive rate.

We apply our method to a human data set and show that it can be used successfully to study local adaptation. We discuss its scope and compare it to other existing methods.
Measuring resting energy expenditure during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: preliminary clinical experience with a proposed theoretical model
Authors: De Waele E. , van Zwam K. , Mattens S. , Staessens K. , Diltoer M. , Honoré P. M. , Czapla J. , Nijs J. , La Meir M. , Huyghens L. , Spapen H. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used in patients with severe respiratory failure. Indirect calorimetry (IC) is a safe and non‐invasive method for measuring resting energy expenditure (REE). No data exist on the use of IC in ECMO‐treated patients as oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination are divided between mechanical ventilation and the artificial lung. We report our preliminary clinical experience with a theoretical model that derives REE from IC measurements obtained separately on the ventilator and on the artificial lung.MethodsA patient undergoing veno‐venous ECMO for acute respiratory failure due to bilateral pneumonia was studied. The calorimeter was first connected to the ventilator and oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide transport (VCO2) were measured until steady state was reached. Subsequently, the IC was connected to the membrane oxygenator and similar gas analysis was performed. VO2 and VCO2 values at the native and artificial lung were summed and incorporated in the Weir equation to obtain a REEcomposite.ResultsAt the ventilator level, VO2 and VCO2 were 29.5 ml/min and 16 ml/min. VO2 and VCO2 at the artificial lung level were 213 ml/min and 187 ml/min. Based on these values, a REEcomposite of 1703 kcal/day was obtained. The Faisy–Fagon and Harris–Benedict equations calculated a REE of 1373 and 1563 kcal/day.ConclusionWe present IC‐acquired gas analysis in ECMO patients. We propose to insert individually obtained IC measurements at the native and the artificial lung in the Weir equation for retrieving a measured REEcomposite.
A randomised clinical trial to assess satisfaction with the levonorgestrel‐ releasing intrauterine system inserted at caesarean section compared to postpartum placement
Authors: Braniff Kathleen , Gomez Edmund , Muller Reinhold 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundInsertion of levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) at caesarean section (CS) provides contraception prior to resumption of ovulation or sexual activity. Patient satisfaction with insertion at CS has not previously been studied.AimsThe aim of this study was to compare patient satisfaction with LNG‐IUS inserted at the time of lower uterine segment CS to six weeks postpartum.Materials and MethodsOpen‐label randomised controlled trial. Women booked for elective CS were randomised to LNG‐IUS insertion either at the time of CS (study group) or at six weeks postpartum (control group). The primary outcome measure was patient satisfaction. Outcomes were measured at six weeks, three months and six months postpartum.ResultsForty‐eight women were randomised into two treatment groups. Twenty‐five women were randomised to have LNG‐IUS inserted at the time of CS, 23 of whom had the planned intervention and two had the LNG‐IUS inserted postpartum. Twenty‐three women were randomised to the control group, four of whom withdrew prior to treatment. The 44 remaining women contributed to data analysis. Patient satisfaction was high and similar in both groups. At six months postpartum, 90.5% of the study group were very satisfied or somewhat satisfied compared with 88.2% of the control group.ConclusionsPatient satisfaction is high with LNG‐IUS insertion at CS and not different to that with delayed insertion. LNG‐IUS insertion may be an option for women who find postpartum contraception difficult to access.
Clinical outcomes of mesh exposure/extrusion: presentation, timing and management
Authors: Lo Tsia‐Shu , Tan Yiap Loong , Cortes Eileen Feliz M. , Wu Pei‐Ying , Pue Leng Boi , AL‐Kharabsheh Ahlam 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe Food and Drug Administration has recently highlighted an increase in reported complications associated with the use of transvaginal mesh.AimsTo describe the clinical outcomes, presentation, timing and management of mesh exposure/extrusionMaterials and MethodsRetrospective study from December 2006 to March 2012. A total of 40 women had vaginal mesh exposure/extrusion secondary to prior transvaginal mesh (TVM) surgery. Descriptive statistics were used for demographics and pre‐operative data. Paired‐samples t‐test was applied for comparison of pre‐ and postoperation. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mesh exposure/extrusion rate was noted to be 2.64% (17/642). Vaginal bleeding in 29 of 40 (72.5%) and hispareunia in 12 of 13 (92.3%) were identified as the most common symptoms for mesh exposure/extrusion. The onset of complications occurred in two peaks: between 3 and 4 months and after 1‐year of follow‐up. Initial conservative treatment was given for 12.5% (5/40) of women, while 87.5% (35/40) had undergone repair for mesh exposure/extrusion (21 outpatient and 14 inpatient cases). Among those who had conservative treatment, 80% (4/5) had persistent mesh exposure.ConclusionPersistent or new‐onset abnormal vaginal bleeding and hispareunia after TVM surgery should be considered as ‘red flag’ symptoms for mesh exposure/extrusion. Frequent follow‐up from the first 3–4 months up to 1 year postoperative may identify complications. Utilisation of mesh excision or trimming as the initial means of treatment may yield a better outcome.
Oceans apart, yet connected: Findings from a qualitative study on professional supervision in rural and remote allied health services
Authors: Ducat Wendy , Martin Priya , Kumar Saravana , Burge Vanessa , Abernathy LuJuana 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveImproving the quality and safety of health care in Australia is imperative to ensure the right treatment is delivered to the right person at the right time. Achieving this requires appropriate clinical governance and support for health professionals, including professional supervision. This study investigates the usefulness and effectiveness of and barriers to supervision in rural and remote Queensland.DesignAs part of the evaluation of the Allied Health Rural and Remote Training and Support program, a qualitative descriptive study was conducted involving semi‐structured interviews with 42 rural or remote allied health professionals, nine operational managers and four supervisors. The interviews explored perspectives on their supervision arrangements, including the perceived usefulness, effect on practice and barriers.ResultsThemes of reduced isolation; enhanced professional enthusiasm, growth and commitment to the organisation; enhanced clinical skills, knowledge and confidence; and enhanced patient safety were identified as perceived outcomes of professional supervision. Time, technology and organisational factors were identified as potential facilitators as well as potential barriers to effective supervision.ConclusionsThis research provides current evidence on the impact of professional supervision in rural and remote Queensland. A multidimensional model of organisational factors associated with effective supervision in rural and remote settings is proposed identifying positive supervision culture and a good supervisor–supervisee fit as key factors associated with effective arrangements.
Anal incontinence among first time mothers – What happens in pregnancy and the first year after delivery?
Authors: Johannessen Hege Hølmo , Wibe Arne , Stordahl Arvid , Sandvik Leiv , Mørkved Siv 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionPregnancy‐ and delivery‐related factors affect postpartum anal incontinence. We aimed to explore changes in continence status among primiparas from late pregnancy through the first year postpartum.Material and methodsIn this prospective cohort study set in two Norwegian hospitals, 862 healthy primiparas completed questionnaires about the main outcome measure anal incontinence, including flatus incontinence and urgency, at three time points; late pregnancy, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Socioeconomic and delivery‐related data were obtained from hospital records. Logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the association between continence status at 12 months postpartum, and continence status in late pregnancy, 6 months postpartum, demographic and delivery‐related characteristics.ResultsAmong the 189 (22%) primiparas reporting anal incontinence in late pregnancy, 34 (18%) had persistent anal incontinence 1 year later. Forty‐eight (43%) of the 113 women incontinent at 6 months postpartum experienced persistent anal incontinence at 12 months. Eight percent of previously continent women reported new onset anal incontinence at 6 and 12 months after delivery. Occipitoposterior presentation was the only delivery‐related factor increasing the risk of postpartum anal incontinence [odds ratio (OR) 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–3.4]. Young age increased the risk of anal incontinence at 1 year after delivery, whereas incontinence in late pregnancy increased the risk of anal incontinence persisting through 6 and 12 months postpartum.ConclusionIn most first‐time mothers with postpartum anal incontinence, the onset of anal incontinence was before delivery. Except for occipitoposterior presentation, no delivery‐related factors increased the risk of postpartum anal incontinence. This may indicate that hormonal, mechanical or neuromuscular changes in pregnancy affect long‐term anal incontinence more than vaginal delivery.