bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between estimated average glucose and fasting plasma glucose
Authors: Kim Hyun-Young , Lee Soo-Youn , Suh Sunghwan , Kim Jae Hyeon , Lee Moon Kyu , Park Hyung-Doo 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background: Estimated average glucose (eAG) is a value calculated from hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) that reflects average glycemic status over the preceding few months. A linear relationship between HbA1c and eAG was demonstrated by the International HbA1c-Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) Trial in 2008. We investigated the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and eAG.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 6443 subjects, including 5567 diabetic patients and 876 non-diabetic subjects. The levels of HbA1c and FPG were reviewed and eAG was calculated using the regression equation published by the ADAG trial: eAGmmol/L=1.59×HbA1c(NGSP, %)–2.59[eAGmg/dL= 28.7×HbA1c(NGSP, %)−46.7].

Results: In all subjects, FPG showed a moderate correlation with eAG (r=0.672, p<0.001). When diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were divided into subgroups according to FPG level, the correlation between eAG and FPG decreased in both diabetic [FPG ≥10.0 mmol/L (180 mg/dL), r=0.425; FPG 7.2–9.9 mmol/L (130–179 mg/dL), r=0.373; FPG <7.2 mmol/L (130 mg/dL), r=0.202] and non-diabetic [FPG 5.6–6.9 mmol/L (100–125 mg/dL), r=0.363; FPG <5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL), r=0.186] subgroups as the FPG level decreased. The differences between eAG and FPG were statistically significant (p<0.001). Only 81% (4487/5567) of diabetic patients had a lower FPG level than eAG level.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that the relationship between eAG and FPG may depend on glycemic control, thereby enhancing our understanding of eAG.
Akathisia preceding an oculogyric crisis in a patient treated with prochlorperazine for hyperemesis gravidarum
Authors: Williams Patrick , Abenhaim Haim 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Prochlorperazine is a class I-A anti-emetic recommended for the treatment of severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. We present a case where a patient presented with hyperemesis gravidarum refractory to pyridoxine/doxylamine and dimenhydrinate and developed akathisia and dystonia after receiving prochlorperazine. Her condition resolved immediately following the administration of diphenhydramine. While procholorperazine is known to very rarely cause focal dystonias such as an oculogyric crisis, the influence of phenothiazines and neuroleptics on dopaminergic receptors can also trigger behavioural changes, which can rapidly evolve into a life-threatening condition.
Decision Support in the Rioja Wine Production Sector
Authors: Latorre-Biel Juan-Ignacio , Jiménez-Macías Emilio , Blanco-Fernández Julio , Sáenz-Díez Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The global environment, where many companies compete for their survival, requires a continuous adaptation to changes in the market and to other environment variables. Food industry, agriculture in particular, is a field where the companies are especially sensitive to modifications in regulations and market requirements. It is very convenient to provide the companies of this sector with a theoretical basis, as well as with practical tools for developing an efficient management that may guarantee not only their survival but also their success. In this area, decision-support systems based on the simulation of models, developed by means of the paradigm of the Petri nets, can offer a significant help for improving the efficiency of farming companies, based on the appropriate decision making. In this article, a methodology for decision making, supported by artificial intelligence, is applied to the farming field and an application case is analyzed for better understanding of the advantages and drawbacks of this approach. In particular, a decision-making methodology for improving the management of the operation and redesign of traditional companies in the farming industry is applied to the wine sector in the region of La Rioja (Spain).
Marine-Lenhart syndrome in a young girl
Authors: Şen Yaşar , Cimbek Emine Ayça , Yuca Sevil Arı , Gedik Gonca Kara , Sarı Oktay 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Graves’ disease is the most common reason of hyperthyroidism in children. Graves’ disease with accompanying functioning nodules is defined as Marine-Lenhart syndrome. This syndrome has not been described in children before. Here, a 15-year-old girl with Graves’ disease and a coexisting cold nodule is presented. A thyroid scan showed diffuse uptake of Tc-99m pertechnatate in both lobes and decreased uptake in accordance with the left lobe nodule. The nodule was histologically diagnosed as benign. The patient was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus and polyglandular autoimmune syndrome during clinical follow-up. The differential diagnoses of Graves’ disease with coexisting nodules should include the Marine-Lenhart syndrome. Treatment options should be determined taking this rare condition into account.
Breastfeeding is natural but not always easy: intervention for common medical problems of breastfeeding mothers – a review of the scientific evidence
Authors: Bergmann Renate L. , Bergmann Karl E. , von Weizsäcker Katharina , Berns Monika , Henrich Wolfgang , Dudenhausen Joachim W. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Natural processes do not always function perfectly. In breastfeeding, problems are encountered in up to 80% of mother-infant dyads. Altogether, in Western societies, the difficulties reduce the breastfeeding rate within the first months drastically. To deal with the problems of breastfeeding efficiently requires a profound understanding of its physiology, as well as of its psychological and social determinants. This review focuses on the current knowledge of breastfeeding physiology, only touching the psychosocial factors, which are included in the promotion strategies. Subsequently, it scrutinizes definitions, incidences, prevention, and treatment of breastfeeding problems faced most frequently by nursing mothers and their consultants. Not all measures used in counseling mothers and not all treatments for the most common medical problems withstand a careful evaluation on the basis of current scientific data. However, applying proven prevention strategies will significantly improve the well being of mothers and their infants, and may contribute to an affective attitude that increases the success, frequency, and duration of breastfeeding.
Genetic Correlations among Haploids, Doubled Haploids, and Testcrosses in Maize
Authors: Geiger Hartwig H. , Andrés Gordillo G. , Koch Silvia 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTDoubled haploid (DH) lines produced via in vivo haploid induction have become an indispensable tool in maize (Zea mays L.) breeding and research. To determine the predictive value of the per se performance of haploid and DH lines in population and hybrid breeding, genetically balanced sets of haploid and DH lines along with testcrosses of the DH lines were evaluated in field trials across four locations over 2 yr in Germany. Suitable material sets were provided by three collaborating breeders. Each set comprised 54 to 58 DH lines developed from a proprietary elite dent single cross. These DH lines were crossed with one or two flint testers and subjected to haploid induction for production of corresponding haploid versions. Haploid lines, DH lines, and testcrosses were grown in separate but adjacent blocks. Haploid lines were surrounded by a mixture of inbred lines functioning as pollen source. Most haploid plants were male sterile but showed a certain degree of female fertility. Highly significant genetic variation reflected by high heritability coefficients existed in all material sets for all traits. Genetic correlations between haploid and DH lines were moderate to strong (0.5 < genetic correlation coefficient [rg] < 0.9) for early vigor, silking date, plant height, and stover weight per plant. Correlations between DH lines and testcrosses varied from nonsignificant to moderately strong for grain yield but were strong for silking date, plant height, stover yield, and grain moisture content. Silking date, early vigor, and plant height of haploid lines were moderately but significantly associated with grain yield of testcrosses. Somewhat higher estimates were obtained for the corresponding correlations between DH lines and testcrosses. In conclusion, selection for silking date, early vigor, plant height, and stover weight at the haploid level is expected to result in positive correlated genetic gain for various traits not only at the DH but also at the testcross level. Likewise, selection at the DH level may substantially speed up progress in combining ability.
Using Geographical Information Systems as an Information Visualization Tool. A Case Study
Authors: Măzăreanu Valentin Petru 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The geographical information system represents a branch of information technology that was developed along with the traditional business information technologies. It enables viewing of complex data in a graphical manner easy to understand, providing a more realistic view of the conditions which must be evaluated. The geographical information systems are used in various fields, like geography, geology and all the related fields, public administration, military activities, transportation and infrastructure administration, business, healthcare, social services or land properties management.
In this paper we will emphasize how these systems can be used as a powerful information visualization tool in educational environment, taking into account that information visualization makes data easier to understand using direct sensory experience, especially the visual one.
Adverse Incentive Effects of the Unemployment Benefit Level in Romania
Authors: Enache Cosmin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper proposes an empirical analysis of the effects of unemployment benefit on unemployment in Romania. First, the existence of a long-run equilibrium relation between the two variables was checked using single-equation cointegration tests. The results showed that such a relation does not exist. Next, in order to evaluate the short-term effects of unemployment benefit on unemployment level, a VAR analysis was employed. Impulse response functions analysis showed that the number of persons registered as unemployed is expecting to rise as the value of monthly unemployment benefit is increasing. However, the variance decomposition analysis pointed out that only a small part (under 5%) of unemployment short-term dynamics could be explained by potential shocks in the unemployment benefit level.
Magnetic ground survey of Slovakia for the 2007.5 epoch – accuracy of geomagnetic elements distribution maps
Authors: Dolinský Peter , Valach Fridrich , Váczyová Magdaléna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Magnetic ground or repeat station surveys are performed to determine the geomagnetic field (GMF) spatial distribution, which is of great importance for scientific purposes as well as for many applications, for instance the aerial navigation. In for the information about the GMF distribution to be complete, the accuracy of the geomagnetic maps need to be known. It is a custom in the papers dealing with magnetic surveys that the precision of the instruments employed for the measurements are listed there. However, such information is not sufficient to answer the question about the quality of the geomagnetic maps because our experience shows that the spatial variations at a distance of several kilometers often exceed the precisions of the instruments. In the paper we proposed a simple method for the evaluation of the accuracy of the GMF distribution maps. We applied it to the maps which were the results of the magnetic ground survey carried out in Slovakia in the 2007.5 epoch. The method is based on the following procedure which is accomplished for each observation point of the magnetic ground survey network: A single point drops out of the data base, then the map is generated in a standard way, whereupon the observed value of the geomagnetic element for the dropped out observation point is compared with the value of the geomagnetic element which is determined from the map. Thus the image of the accuracy of the complete map can be tagged together for the surveyed territory
The results of an 18–year old beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenance trial in the Łobez Forest District
Authors: Kowalkowski Wojciech 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The experimental area is located in the Węgorzyno Forest Sub-District, Łobez Forest District. 29 Polish provenances of beech from their natural range were growth in a completely randomised block design with four replications. In 2010, after the end of the growing season, measurements were carried out on the experimental plot, including: determination of the survival rate and the diameter at breast height, and height of trees. Moreover, the total basal area and the total volume were calculated. Using ANOVA, statistically significant differences between provenances were apparent for four of the five traits measured; all except diameter at breast height. Provenances characterised by high values for the analysed traits were considered the best adapted to the habitat conditions in the experimental plot, while provenances reaching low values were considered unsuitable for use under the conditions similar to those at the trial site location
The significance of old-growth forests in maintaining lichen diversity – an example from the remnants of the Mazovian Forest
Authors: Kubiak Dariusz 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a lichenological study conducted in 2012 in the ‘Lekowo’ forest complex, situated in the north-western part of Mazovia (Forest Division of Ciechanów). It is the largest forest complex in the area, covering 1596 ha. The research area comprises two small nature reserves (‘Lekowo’ - 5,31 ha, and ‘Modła’ - 9,36 ha) with old-growth oak trees (160-200 years of age) and adjacent managed pine forests (76-107 years of age). The aim of this study was to investigate the species composition of the lichen biota in both reserves and to determine the role of nature reserves in preserving lichen diversity. Results of the study showed that old-growth stands, in particular those composed of oak trees above recommended felling age, provide habitats for a large group of stenotopic forest lichens which are absent in managed forests. The ‘Lekowo’ and ‘Modła’ nature reserves, despite their small areas, are valuable refuges that help to conserve remarkable lichen diversity at the local scale, and serve as potential diaspore sources for many rare and threatened lichen species
Determination of biodegradation rate of carrier for microorganism immobilization fabricated based on starch
Authors: Tomaszewska-Ciosk Ewa , Golachowski Antoni , Zdybel Ewa 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The study was aimed on the determination of biodegradation rate of extruded starch carriers, with or without immobilized microorganisms in diversified storage conditions. The research was conducted on potato starch, in which Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells were immobilized. Preparations with and without yeasts were than placed for 84 days in the environments of: light soil, heavy soil, compost, water and activated sludge. After 0, 7, 14, 21, 49 and 84 days of storage the preparations were perfused with water and analyzed. In the recovered samples the following tests were carried out: the force causing fracture, the elongation caused by the mentioned force, the mass and the diameter of the carrier. Due to the degradation the size and the mechanical properties of the samples were decreased. The rate of the degradation was strongly dependent on the environment of the storage. The fastest degradation of the carriers were observed for compost and heavy soil, while the slowest biodegradation was observed for the samples placed in the water environment. The rate of biodegradation was also influenced by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. The rate of biodegradation was faster in the samples containing yeast cells, than in the extrudates without the microorganisms.
The application of ultrafiltration for separation of glycerol solution fermented by bacteria
Authors: Tomczak Wirginia , Gryta Marek 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A biotechnological synthesis generated a fermentation broth containing the dissociated forms of organic compounds and residual mineral salts. An effective method of selective removal of the ionic species and organic compounds from solutions comprises nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. Ultrafiltration (UF) was used in this work as a pre-treatment method for the preparation of feed for these processes. The UF study was carried out with a real broth, which was obtained using Citrobacter freundii bacteria for the fermentation of glycerol solutions, resulting in the UF permeate with turbidity below 0.1 NTU. However, a significant decline of the permeate flux was observed during the UF process. The influence of the transmembrane pressure on the fouling intensity of used ceramic membranes was investigated. A periodical membrane cleaning was carried out by rinsing with water and a 1 wt % solution of sodium hydroxide. The applied cleaning procedures permitted to restore the initial permeate flux.
Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging artifact with cobalt-chromium versus titanium spinal instrumentation
Authors: Ahmad Faiz U. , Sidani Charif , Fourzali Roberto , Wang Michael Y. 
Published: September 2013

Object
Cobalt-chromium alloy (CoCr) rods haves some preferred biomechanical properties over titanium rods for spinal fixation. The use of CoCr rods in spinal fusion is relatively new, and there is no study in the existing world literature assessing the artifact caused by these rods in patients undergoing postoperative MRI. The purpose of this study is to compare the amount of imaging artifact caused by these implants and to assess its impact on the visualization of neighboring neural structures.

Methods
This study investigated MR images in patients who underwent implantation of thoracolumbar instrumentation using 5.5-mm-diameter CoCr rods between November 2009 and March 2011 and images obtained in a comparison group of patients who had 5.5-mm titanium rods implanted during the same time period. Axial measurements of the artifact created by the rods between the screw heads were compared between the groups. Two blinded board-certified radiologists performed the measurements independently. They scored the visualization of the spinal canal using a subjective scoring system of 1–3, with 1 representing very good visualization and 2 and 3 representing reduced (good or suboptimal, respectively) visualization as a result of rod-related artifact. All measurements and scores were independently provided for T1-weighted and T2-weighted fast spin echo sequences (1.5-T magnet, 5-mm slice thickness).

Results
A total of 40 levels from the CoCr group (6 patients) and 30 levels from the titanium group (9 patients) were included in the analysis. Visualization of the canal at all levels was rated a score of 1 (very good) by both evaluators for both the CoCr and titanium groups. The average artifact on T1-weighted images measured 11.8 ± 1.8 mm for the CoCr group and 8.5 ± 1.2 mm for the titanium group (p < 0.01). The corresponding measurements on T2-weighted images were 11.0 ± 2.3 mm and 8.3 ± 1.7 mm (p < 0.01), respectively. In a mixed regression model, the mean artifact measurement for the CoCr group was, on average, 3.5 mm larger than for the control group. There was no significant difference between the measurements of the 2 evaluators (p = 0.99).

Conclusions
The artifact caused by CoCr rods is approximately 3.5 mm larger than that caused by titanium rods on axial T1- and T2-weighted MRI. However, artifact from either CoCr or titanium was not found to interfere with the evaluation of the spinal canal and surrounding neural elements.
Innovation de rupture : concept fondamental ou slogan creux ?
Authors: Villon de Benveniste Guillaume 
Published: September 2013

Au-delà des slogans et des modes, l’innovation de rupture est une nécessité au triple niveau de l’entreprise, de l’industrie et de l’économie nationale. Mais pour éviter l’échec, il faut avant tout en comprendre les mécanismes et distinguer deux types d’innovation de rupture : la rupture par le bas et la rupture par le haut.
L'hégémonie anachronique du PIB
Authors: Besançon Yves 
Published: September 2013

On ne saurait trop rappeler aux décideurs publics que la nuance subtile entre croissance du produit intérieur brut (PIB) et progression du bien-être ne date pas d’hier. L’inventeur du PIB, Simon Kuznets, prévenait déjà en 1934 que « la mesure du revenu national peut difficilement servir à évaluer le bien-être d’une nation ». Dans un contexte de poursuite de la croissance du PIB par habitant, la double crise de l’écosystème et des inégalités économiques et sociales qui s’est ouverte depuis une trentaine d’années, soulignant de façon flagrante les limites conceptuelles et méthodologiques du PIB comme agrégat de mesure du « bonheur » dans nos sociétés d’opulence, n’a pourtant pas remis en cause la place importante qu’il occupe dans le discours politique et la conduite de la politique économique. Et pourtant celle-ci est presque anachronique au regard, d’une part, d’une réflexion déjà bien engagée sur la construction de nouveaux indicateurs complémentaires ou alternatifs au PIB et, d’autre part, d’une légitimité renforcée des thèses contestant la soutenabilité de sa croissance dans la logique du modèle libéral-productiviste qui a marqué les deux derniers siècles depuis le début de la première révolution industrielle.
6. Qu'est-ce que le travail d'accompagnement des chômeurs ?
Authors: Demazière Didier 
Published: September 2013

Les conseillers professionnels du service public de l’emploi forment la ligne de front du traitement du chômage. Cet article rend compte de la tension dans laquelle ces conseillers travaillent : leur mandat est de plus en plus difficile du fait du niveau élevé de chômage, et il est aussi plus impératif du fait de la montée du pilotage par les résultats. L’attention portée au travail concret conduit à souligner la complexité de l’activité d’accompagnement vers l’emploi et les dilemmes éthiques qu’elle fait surgir : ce travail n’est pas seulement une activité relationnelle, impliquant des négociations avec les chômeurs, il est aussi indissociable de jugements interprétatifs portés sur la situation des chômeurs.
Molecular detection of Yaba monkey tumour virus from a vervet monkey
Authors: Brettschneider Helene , Voster Johan H. , Lane Emily P. , Van Wilpe Erna , Biden Peter , Dalton Desire L. , Kotze Antoinette 
Published: September 2013

Yaba monkey tumour virus (YMTV) was first diagnosed in a colony of captive rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in Yaba, Nigeria. It has been implicated as the cause of cutaneous nodules in wild baboons (Papio species), rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). This article reports a case of cutaneous pox lesions caused by YMTV in a free-ranging adult female vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) from the Umkomaas coastal area in South Africa. The virus was identified by molecular sequencing from fragments of the insulin metalloprotease-like protein and intracellular mature virion membrane protein as well as the DNA polymerase genes. Phylogenetic analyses of these gene regions revealed a 99% similarity of the sample to YMTV. Although human disease caused by YMTV is normally mild, it is recommended that persons in contact with non-human primates in the area of Umkomaas who develop cutaneous lesions should inform their doctors of the possibility of this infection. The extent and significance of the virus to human and non-human primates in South Africa are not known. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first diagnosis of YMTV in South Africa and in vervet monkeys.