bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Original article. Articulation disorders and patterns in children with a cleft
Authors: Prathanee Benjamas , Seepuaham Cholada , Pumnum Tawitree 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Compensatory articulation disorders (CAD) are the most common speech defects in patients with a cleft. Early prevention programs are needed to avoid CAD.
Objectives: To examine articulation disorders, patterns, and related speech outcomes in children with a cleft palate with or without lip defects.
Methods: Articulation test record forms and clinical records of 42 children were accessed retrospectively to provide the data of speech outcomes related to cleft palate. Double data entries and incorrect completion type errors were corrected.
Results: Prevalence of articulatory defects was 88% (functional articulation disorders, 12%; compensatory articulation disorders, 10%; functional articulation disorders and CAD, 67%), resonance disorder was 50%, and voice abnormalities was 19%. Abnormal backing of oral consonants, particularly glottal substitution was the most common pattern of CAD (40%), follow by velar substitution (36%), and nasal consonant for oral pressure consonant (21%). There was high incidence of functional articulation disorder in patients with a cleft (76%). Younger children (≤7 years old) had more articulation defects than older children (>7 years old) (mean difference = 3.308, P = 0.002, 95% confident interval 1.683-6.971). Levene’s test for equal variance found that resonance disorder seems unaffected by the number of articulation errors (mean difference = 0.253, P = 0.897, 95% confident interval -3.736-4.241).
Conclusion: CAD, particularly abnormal backing of oral consonants and hypernasality were the most common speech defects in children with cleft. Refinement and revision of timing for referring for early speech intervention should be reconsidered.
Original article. Trends and characteristics of childhood diabetes in a tertiary care center in Thailand
Authors: Trepatchayakorn Sirawut , Supornsilchai Vichit , Wacharasindhu Suttipong , Aroonparkmongkol Suphab , Sahakitrungruang Taninee 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Reports on characteristics of pediatric diabetes in children from Southeast Asian countries are limited.
Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics, prevalence, glycemic control, and current treatment regimens of diabetes in Thai children.
Materials and Methods: Data from 132 patients seen at our pediatric diabetes clinic at Chulalongkorn University during 2001−2013 were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: We found an increasing number of patients newly-diagnosed with type 1- (T1DM) or type 2- diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The overall proportion of T1DM was 69.7%, T2DM 23.4%, and other types 6.9%. Children with T1DM were younger at diagnosis, had higher initial glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), a lower body mass index z-score, lower C-peptide and insulin levels, and were more likely to have classic diabetes symptoms and ketoacidosis, compared with children with T2DM. Mixed diabetes phenotypes were found in about 12%−14% of these children. Glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen-2 autoantibodies were found in 70% and 54% of T1DM patients, respectively, and not in T2DM patients. HbA1c in T1DM was 9.6 ± 2.2% total hemoglobin, and in T2DM was 7.9 ± 2.6%. There were no differences in HbA1c levels between different insulin regimens in the T1DM group.
Conclusion: The number of children with T1DM or T2DM has been increasing and there are overlapping phenotypes in a significant proportion of these children. Correct diagnosis requires clinical evaluation and monitoring of the clinical course. Further research is needed to determine the risk factors for the poor glycemic control found in children with T1DM.
Original article. Factors facilitating the emergence of domestic violence in Turkey
Authors: Yaman Sengül , Taskin Lale 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Domestic violence is seen in all communities.
Objectives: To determine the risk factors that facilitate emergence of domestic violence.
Methods: A qualitative study where in-depth interviews were used. A total of 30 women who stated they had been experiencing violence from their partner for at least a year made up the study sample. The common opinions in the interviews were grouped and coded according to the themes created for “descriptive analysis”. Excerpts from the statements that best emphasized/defined the women’s opinions and experiences were used in the study report.
Results: The factors stated by the women as facilitating the emergence of domestic violence in our study were: the man being older, the woman being in a marriage that she did not want, was forced into, or that her family did not want, a lack of support by the woman’s family, the man’s family not wanting the woman, the man seeing violence as a societal right, and a lack of mutual love, respect, or trust in the marriage/relationship.
Conclusions: To decrease the emergence of domestic violence in the Turkish family system where traditional female-male roles are present: the woman and man within the marriage/relationship should have similar sociodemographic attributes (age, education, employment), the decision for marriage/relationship should be with the woman’s own free will, educational and awareness increasing programs to ensure societal change should be arranged, and the quality and quantity of social institutions should be brought to a level where the support systems for women can be strengthened.
Brief communication (Original). Prevalence and risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized high-risk patients at a tertiary care hospital in Thailand
Authors: Wongkhantee Somchai , Jennetisin Vigrom , Anukulanantchai Thitima , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a silent killer in hospitalized patients. Its prevalence in Thai population may be different from Western countries.
Objective: To evaluate recognized risk factors for DVT in high-risk Thai patients according to the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP).
Methods: Hospitalized patients were prospectively enrolled at the Department of Medicine, Khon Kean Hospital. The study period was January 2010 to March 2011. Inclusion criteria were patients who were admitted with either (1) heart or respiratory failure or (2) one of the following conditions: cancer, sepsis, acute stroke, or inflammatory bowel disease. The admission length was at least four days. Patients were excluded if the hospitalization was because of venous thromboembolism or if there was a requirement for heparin therapy.
Results: One hundred patients met the study criteria during the study. Of those, 5 patients (5%) had evidence of DVT by ultrasonography. None of these patients had pulmonary embolisms by computed tomographic angiography. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, only acute stroke was significantly associated with DVT. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 19.72; (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37, 284.37). DVT was the only significant factor associated with death during admission with adjusted OR of 30.76 (95% CI: 2.02, 469.03).
Conclusions: The prevalence of DVT in hospitalized high-risk patients by ACCP criteria was low. Admission because of acute stroke may increase the risk of DVT and having DVT may result in high mortality.
Brief communication (Original). Trends in neonatal sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit in Thailand before and after construction of a new facility
Authors: Thatrimontrichai Anucha , Chanvitan Prasin , Janjindamai Waricha , Dissaneevate Supaporn , Jefferies Ann , Shah Vibhuti 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Neonatal sepsis is a cause of mortality and long-term morbidity worldwide.
Objectives: To describe longitudinal trends in the cumulative incidence of early- and late-onset sepsis (EOS and LOS), mortality, and causative organisms in a Thai Hospital before and after construction of a new neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods: Review of NICU admissions with blood cultures positive for bacteria or fungi for the periods 1995 to 2002 (preconstruction) and 2004 to 2010 (postconstruction). Sepsis was categorized into EOS (within first 3 days of life) and LOS (after first 3 days of life).
Results: Of 5,570 admissions, 241 (4.3%) neonates with 276 episodes of sepsis were identified. There was no difference in the rate of sepsis overall (P = 0.90), LOS (P = 0.30), or sepsis-related mortality (P = 0.61) over the two periods, but the rate of EOS increased significantly from 0.34% to 0.81% (P = 0.04). Rates of Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli sepsis increased from 13.6% to 25.6% (P = 0.01) and from 5.3% to 12.2% (P = 0.04), respectively, while rates of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis decreased from 12.9% to 4.3% (P < 0.007). Sepsisrelated mortality was 1.8%.
Conclusions: Although direct causality cannot be proven, the rate of EOS and the pattern of causative organisms changed following construction of the new NICU. Building a new unit does not necessarily result in a reduction in the rate of sepsis. This data may provide a baseline for implementing evidence-based infection control strategies to prevent/reduce sepsis and improve neonatal care.
Brief communication (Original). Anorectal physiology evaluation after male-to-female sex reassignment surgery
Authors: Pungrasmi Pornthep , Meevassana Jiraroch , Tantiphlachiva Kassaya , Suwajo Poonpissamai , Angspatt Apichai , Jindarak Sirachai , Chokrungvaranont Prayuth 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Male-to-female sex reassignment surgery (MTF-SRS) is a treatment for gender identity disorders (GID) wherein the penis is removed and an epithelialized neovagina is created in the retroprostatic or rectovesical space. This is a space between the double layers of Denonvilliers’ fascia that contains motor, sensory, and autonomic nerves to the pelvic organs. Injury to these nerves may lead to anorectal dysfunction. However, there has been no objective study of anorectal physiologic changes after SRS.
Objectives: To compare anorectal physiological parameters, before and after, male-to-female sex reassignment surgery (SRS) and to evaluate the effects of SRS on anorectal physiology.
Methods: In 10 patients with MTF GID who underwent SRS at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, anorectal manometry was performed using a water perfused catheter (Mui Scientific, Ontario, Canada) and a state-of-the-art anorectal manometry system (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) at the Gastrointestinal Motility Research Unit at 2 weeks before and 3 months after the SRS. Data were analyzed using PolygramNet software. Anal sphincter pressures (mmHg) with volume used to elicit rectal sensation (mL).
Results: There was no significant change in the resting anal sphincter pressure, anal sphincter squeezing pressure, sustained squeezing pressure, and duration of squeeze, rectal sensation, and threshold of the desire to defecate affected by SRS. Cough reflex and rectoanal inhibitory reflex were normal both before and after SRS in all patient participants.
Conclusions: Sex reassignment surgery seems to produce no effect on clinical anorectal functions. This was proven by absence of clinically significant changes in anorectal manometry.
Indigenous Voices on the Web: Folksonomies and Endangered Languages
Authors: Cocq Coppélie 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Examining categories created by Sami users on Twitter, this article investigates the advantages and limits of global social media for a small localized group. Folksonomies illustrate the empowering potential of Twitter as a site of performance for continuity of cultural practices, vernacular expressions, and "artistic communication in small groups" (Ben-Amos 1971).
What Bronies See When They Brohoof: Queering Animation on the Dark and Evil Internet
Authors: Ellis Bill 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
After the cartoon series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic began airing in 2010, a network of adult fans, predominantly young males, formed an Internet-based vernacular culture in homage. Calling themselves "bronies," this virtual community circulated "photoshops," computer-generated visual humor, and discussed them online using an emic folk speech called "bronyspeak." This article examines several photoshops in the context of the discussions in which they emerged. Bronies, like earlier fan groups, poach elements from the original show, "queer them" in consciously transgressive ways, and use them to challenge prevailing attitudes toward gender and sexual orientation in graceful, yet disturbing ways.
Caveat Lector: Fake News as Folklore
Authors: Frank Russell 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We are awash in words and images that sound and look like real news, but are not. This article considers certain kinds of fake news as a genre of digital folklore and attempts to sort out the differences among fake news hoaxes, pranks, satires, and parodies. It offers examples of each and tries to show how fake news functions as folk political commentary or folk media criticism.
Tall, Dark, and Loathsome: The Emergence of a Legend Cycle in the Digital Age
Authors: Peck Andrew 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The faceless, tall, eerily long-limbed humanoid clad in a black suit emerged in an online forum as a pair of photoshops and a half-dozen lines of text. Soon, this so-called "Slender Man" began appearing in images, videos, stories, and blogs across the Internet. By sharing, discussing, and commenting on these artifacts using participatory media, users create legendary narratives and audio/visual "evidence" that present researchers with a new kind of digital folk practice. Enabled by the affordances of digital and social networks, this digital legend cycle serves as an example of a new form of digital folklore that combines the generic conventions of oral and visual storytelling with the collaborative potential of networked communication.
Ambient resonance of Mesa Arch, Canyonlands National Park, Utah
Authors: Starr Alison M. , Moore Jeffrey R. , Thorne Michael S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe analyzed the resonance characteristics of a prominent natural arch in Canyonlands National Park, Mesa Arch, as measured from ambient seismic data. Evaluating spectral and polarization attributes, we distinguished the first four resonant frequencies of the arch, 2.9, 6.0, 6.9, and 8.5 Hz, as well as basic properties of the associated mode shapes. We then affirmed experimental data using 3‐D numerical modal analysis, providing estimates of material properties and clarifying vibrational mode shapes. Monitoring resonant frequencies over time, we searched for shifts associated with changing environmental conditions and long‐term progressive damage. We measured ~3% direct daily variation in resonant frequency associated with changing rock temperature, thermal stress, and stiffening of the rock matrix. Independent tilt data showed similar diurnal cycles associated with thermoelastic stresses and deformation of the arch. We observed no permanent resonant frequency shifts related to irreversible damage of Mesa Arch during our study period.
Submarine permafrost depth from ambient seismic noise
Authors: Overduin Pier P. , Haberland Christian , Ryberg Trond , Kneier Fabian , Jacobi Tim , Grigoriev Mikhail. N. , Ohrnberger Matthias 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPermafrost inundated since the last glacial maximum is degrading, potentially releasing trapped or stabilized greenhouse gases, but few observations of the depth of ice‐bonded permafrost (IBP) below the seafloor exist for most of the arctic continental shelf. We use spectral ratios of the ambient vibration seismic wavefield, together with estimated shear wave velocity from the dispersion curves of surface waves, for estimating the thickness of the sediment overlying the IBP. Peaks in spectral ratios modeled for three‐layered 1‐D systems correspond with varying thickness of the unfrozen sediment. Seismic receivers were deployed on the seabed around Muostakh Island in the central Laptev Sea, Siberia. We derive depths of the IBP between 3.7 and 20.7 m ± 15%, increasing with distance from the shoreline. Correspondence between expected permafrost distribution, modeled response, and observational data suggests that the method is promising for the determination of the thickness of unfrozen sediment.
Empirical modeling of 3‐D force‐balanced plasma and magnetic field structures during substorm growth phase
Authors: Yue Chao , Wang Chih‐Ping , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Murphy Kyle R. , Xing Xiaoyan , Lyons Larry , Henderson Michael , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Lui A. T. Y. , Nagai Tsugunobu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAccurate evaluation of the physical processes during the substorm growth phase, including formation of field‐aligned currents (FACs), isotropization by current sheet scattering, instabilities, and ionosphere‐magnetosphere connection, relies on knowing the realistic three‐dimensional (3‐D) magnetic field configuration, which cannot be reliably provided by current available empirical models. We have established a 3‐D substorm growth phase magnetic field model, which is uniquely constructed from empirical plasma sheet pressures under the constraint of force balance. We investigated the evolution of model pressure and magnetic field responding to increasing energy loading and their configurations under different solar wind dynamic pressure (PSW) and sunspot number. Our model reproduces the typical growth phase evolution signatures: plasma pressure increases, magnetic field lines become more stretched, current sheet becomes thinner, and the Region 2 FACs are enhanced. The model magnetic fields agree quantitatively well with observed fields. The magnetic field is substantially more stretched under higher PSW, while the dependence on sunspot number is nonlinear and less substantial. By applying our modeling to a substorm event, we found that (1) the equatorward movement of proton aurora during the growth phase is mainly due to continuous stretching of magnetic field lines, (2) the ballooning instability is more favorable during late growth phase around midnight tail where there is a localized plasma beta peak, and (3) the equatorial mapping of the breakup auroral arc is at X~−14 RE near midnight, coinciding with the location of the maximum growth rate for the ballooning instability.
Impact of the lateral blast on the spatial pattern and grain size characteristics of the 18 May 1980 Mount St. Helens fallout deposit
Authors: Eychenne Julia , Cashman Katharine , Rust Alison , Durant Adam 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens started with a lateral blast that fed a pyroclastic surge, which then uplifted to form a co‐blast plume. Thirty minutes later, Plinian activity started at the vent and fluctuated in intensity for ~9 h. The resulting fallout deposit, documented to > 600 km from vent, presents some striking features: (1) displacement of the overall deposit to the north of the vent, (2) a secondary thickness and mass maximum at ~300 km from vent, (3) a total grain size distribution dominated by fine ash (62 wt % of the deposit < 63 µm), and (4) individual grain size distributions that vary dramatically in the crosswind direction from strongly bimodal in the south to skewed unimodal in the north. Results from a new deconvolution of the individual grain size distributions show that they are a combination of a coarse subpopulation that decreases in size with distance from vent and a constant fine subpopulation with a mean of ∼15 µm. Relative proportions of each subpopulation vary asymmetrically in the crosswind directions, with the fine subpopulation preponderant toward the north and the coarse one dominating the south of the deposit, both reach their absolute maxima in mass on the deposit axis. Componentry analyses of selected samples show that blast‐derived material is greatly enriched toward the north of the deposit. These results indicate that the co‐blast plume dispersed fine‐grained material over great distances and dominated the fine subpopulation. Comparison with reanalysis data of atmospheric wind fields and satellite images of the spreading ash cloud suggests contrasting ash transport and depositional processes for the (early) co‐blast plume and the (later) vent‐derived Plinian plumes. The co‐blast plume is displaced to the north; it had a high overshoot height, and eastward dispersion via strong winds low in the stratosphere (~10–15 km). The Plinian plumes were lower and dispersed most of the material to the southeast as the direction of high‐velocity winds shifted just before the late climactic Plinian eruptive phase. Fine ash (fine subpopulation) was deposited continuously throughout the deposit, with an increase of sedimentation rate ~300 km from the vent where there is a secondary maximum in the deposit mass and thickness. Fine ash probably settled by a combination of enhanced sedimentation mechanisms, including not only aggregation but also gravitational convective instabilities of cloud base, hydrometeor formation and destruction, and entrainment of small particles by larger ones. Finally, we show that half of the deposit (by mass) in the medial area was deposited by the co‐blast plume, and that a significant proportion of the Mount St. Helens fallout deposit is nonjuvenile, which has implications for the magmatic budget of this eruption.
The frequency dependence and locations of short‐period microseisms generated in the Southern Ocean and West Pacific
Authors: Gal M. , Reading A. M. , Ellingsen S. P. , Gualtieri L. , Koper K. D. , Burlacu R. , Tkalčić H. , Hemer M. A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe origin of the microseismic wavefield is associated with deep ocean and coastal regions where, under certain conditions, ocean waves can excite seismic waves that propagate as surface and body waves. Given that the characteristics of seismic signals generally vary with frequency, here we explore the frequency‐ and azimuth‐dependent properties of microseisms recorded at a medium aperture (25 km) array in Australia. We examine the frequency‐dependent properties of the wavefield, and its temporal variation, over two decades (1991–2012), with a focus on relatively high‐frequency microseisms (0.325–0.725 Hz) recorded at the Warramunga Array, which has good slowness resolution capabilities in this frequency range. The analysis is carried out using the incoherently averaged signal Capon beamforming, which gives robust estimates of slowness and back azimuth and is able to resolve multiple wave arrivals within a single time window. For surface waves, we find that fundamental mode Rayleigh waves (Rg) dominate for lower frequencies (<0.55 Hz) while higher frequencies (>0.55 Hz) show a transition to higher mode surface waves (Lg). For body waves, source locations are identified in deep ocean regions for lower frequencies and in shallow waters for higher frequencies. We further examine the association between surface wave arrivals and a WAVEWATCH III ocean wave hindcast. Correlations with the ocean wave hindcast show that secondary microseisms in the lower‐frequency band are generated mainly by ocean swell, while higher‐frequency bands are generated by the wind sea, i.e., local wind conditions.