bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A random Q-switched fiber laser
Authors: Tang Yulong , Xu Jianqiu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractExtensive studies have been performed on random lasers in which multiple-scattering feedback is used to generate coherent emission. Q-switching and mode-locking are well-known routes for achieving high peak power output in conventional lasers. However, in random lasers, the ubiquitous random cavities that are formed by multiple scattering inhibit energy storage, making Q-switching impossible. In this paper, widespread Rayleigh scattering arising from the intrinsic micro-scale refractive-index irregularities of fiber cores is used to form random cavities along the fiber. The Q-factor of the cavity is rapidly increased by stimulated Brillouin scattering just after the spontaneous emission is enhanced by random cavity resonances, resulting in random Q-switched pulses with high brightness and high peak power. This report is the first observation of high-brightness random Q-switched laser emission and is expected to stimulate new areas of scientific research and applications, including encryption, remote three-dimensional random imaging and the simulation of stellar lasing.
Characterization of a novel N-acetylneuraminic acid lyase favoring industrial N-acetylneuraminic acid synthesis process
Authors: Ji Wenyan , Sun Wujin , Feng Jinmei , Song Tianshun , Zhang Dalu , Ouyang Pingkai , Gu Zhen , Xie Jingjing 
Published: March 2015

AbstractN-Acetylneuraminic acid lyase (NAL, E.C. number 4.1.3.3) is a Class I aldolase that catalyzes the reversible aldol cleavage of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) from pyruvate and N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc). Due to the high Neu5Ac cleavage activity in most isozyme forms, the enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of two biocatalytic reactions producing Neu5Ac in industry. We report the biochemical characterization of a novel NAL from a “GRAS” (General recognized as safe) strain C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 (CgNal). Compared to all previously reported NALs, CgNal exhibited the lowest apparent kcat/Km value for Neu5Ac and highest apparent kcat/Km values for ManNAc and pyruvate, which makes CgNal favor industrial Neu5Ac synthesis process in a non-equilibrium condition. The recombinant CgNal reached the highest expression level (480 mg/L culture) and the highest reported yield of Neu5Ac was achieved (194 g/L, 0.63 M). All these unique properties make CgNal a promising biocatalyst for industrial Neu5Ac biosynthesis. Additionally, although showing the best Neu5Ac synthesis activity among the NAL family, CgNal is more related to dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) by phylogenetic analysis. The activities of CgNal towards both NAL's and DHDPS' substrates are fairly high, which indicates CgNal a bi-functional enzyme. The sequence analysis suggests that CgNal might have adopted a unique set of residues for substrates recognition.
Identification of domestication-related loci associated with flowering time and seed size in soybean with the RAD-seq genotyping method
Authors: Zhou Ling , Wang Shi-Bo , Jian Jianbo , Geng Qing-Chun , Wen Jia , Song Qijian , Wu Zhenzhen , Li Guang-Jun , Liu Yu-Qin , Dunwell Jim M. , Zhang Jin , Feng Jian-Ying , Niu Yuan , Zhang Li , Ren Wen-Long , Zhang Yuan-Ming 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFlowering time and seed size are traits related to domestication. However, identification of domestication-related loci/genes of controlling the traits in soybean is rarely reported. In this study, we identified a total of 48 domestication-related loci based on RAD-seq genotyping of a natural population comprising 286 accessions. Among these, four on chromosome 12 and additional two on chromosomes 11 and 15 were associated with flowering time and four on chromosomes 11 and 16 were associated with seed size. Of the five genes associated with flowering time and the three genes associated with seed size, three genes Glyma11g18720, Glyma11g15480 and Glyma15g35080 were homologous to Arabidopsis genes, additional five genes were found for the first time to be associated with these two traits. Glyma11g18720 and Glyma05g28130 were co-expressed with five genes homologous to flowering time genes in Arabidopsis and Glyma11g15480 was co-expressed with 24 genes homologous to seed development genes in Arabidopsis. This study indicates that integration of population divergence analysis, genome-wide association study and expression analysis is an efficient approach to identify candidate domestication-related genes.
Modulation of expression of genes involved in glycosaminoglycan metabolism and lysosome biogenesis by flavonoids
Authors: Moskot Marta , Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka Joanna , Kloska Anna , Smolińska Elwira , Mozolewski Paweł , Malinowska Marcelina , Rychłowski Michał , Banecki Bogdan , Węgrzyn Grzegorz , Gabig-Cimińska Magdalena 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFlavonoids were found previously to modulate efficiency of synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), compounds which are accumulated in cells of patients suffering from mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). The aim of this work was to determine effects of different flavonoids (genistein, kaempferol, daidzein) used alone or in combinations, on expression of genes coding for proteins involved in GAG metabolism. Analyses with DNA microarray, followed by real-time qRT-PCR revealed that genistein, kaempferol and combination of these two compounds induced dose- and time-dependent remarkable alterations in transcript profiles of GAG metabolism genes in cultures of wild-type human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa). Interestingly, effects of the mixture of genistein and kaempferol were stronger than those revealed by any of these compounds used alone. Similarly, the most effective reduction in levels of GAG production, in both HDFa and MPS II cells, was observed in the presence of genistein, keampferol and combination of these compounds. Forty five genes were chosen for further verification not only in HDFa, but also in MPS II fibroblasts by using real-time qRT-PCR. Despite effects on GAG metabolism-related genes, we found that genistein, kaempferol and mixture of these compounds significantly stimulated expression of TFEB. Additionally, a decrease in MTOR transcript level was observed at these conditions.
Module organization and variance in protein-protein interaction networks
Authors: Lin Chun-Yu , Lee Tsai-Ling , Chiu Yi-Yuan , Lin Yi-Wei , Lo Yu-Shu , Lin Chih-Ta , Yang Jinn-Moon 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA module is a group of closely related proteins that act in concert to perform specific biological functions through protein–protein interactions (PPIs) that occur in time and space. However, the underlying module organization and variance remain unclear. In this study, we collected module templates to infer respective module families, including 58,041 homologous modules in 1,678 species and PPI families using searches of complete genomic database. We then derived PPI evolution scores and interface evolution scores to describe the module elements, including core and ring components. Functions of core components were highly correlated with those of essential genes. In comparison with ring components, core proteins/PPIs were conserved across multiple species. Subsequently, protein/module variance of PPI networks confirmed that core components form dynamic network hubs and play key roles in various biological functions. Based on the analyses of gene essentiality, module variance and gene co-expression, we summarize the observations of module organization and variance as follows: 1) a module consists of core and ring components; 2) core components perform major biological functions and collaborate with ring components to execute certain functions in some cases; 3) core components are more conserved and essential during organizational changes in different biological states or conditions.
The promotion of angiogenesis induced by three-dimensional porous beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold with different interconnection sizes via activation of PI3K/Akt pathways
Authors: Xiao Xin , Wang Wei , Liu Dong , Zhang Haoqiang , Gao Peng , Geng Lei , Yuan Yulin , Lu Jianxi , Wang Zhen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe porous architectural characteristics of biomaterials play an important role in scaffold revascularization. However, no consensus exists regarding optimal interconnection sizes for vascularization and its scaffold bioperformance with different interconnection sizes. Therefore, a series of disk-type beta-tricalcium phosphates with the same pore sizes and variable interconnections were produced to evaluate how the interconnection size influenced biomaterial vascularization in vitro and in vivo. We incubated human umbilical vein endothelial cells on scaffolds with interconnections of various sizes. Results showed that scaffolds with a 150 μm interconnection size ameliorated endothelial cell function evidenced by promoting cell adhesion and migration, increasing cell proliferation and enhancing expression of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecules and vascular endothelial growth factor. In vivo study was performed on rabbit implanted with scaffolds into the bone defect on femoral condyles. Implantation with scaffolds with 150 μm interconnection size significantly improved neovascularization as shown by micro-CT as compared to scaffolds with 100 and 120 μm interconnection sizes. Moreover, the aforementioned positive effects were abolished by blocking PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway with LY-294002. Our study explicitly demonstrates that the scaffold with 150 μm interconnection size improves neovascularization via the PI3K/Akt pathway and provides a target for biomaterial inner structure modification to attain improved clinical performance in implant vascularization.
Human mesenchymal stem cells - current trends and future prospective
Authors: Ullah Imran , Subbarao Raghavendra Baregundi , Rho Gyu Jin 
Published: March 2015

Stem cells are cells specialized cell, capable of renewing themselves through cell division and can differentiate into multi-lineage cells. These cells are categorized as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and adult stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells which can be isolated from human and animal sources. Human MSCs (hMSCs) are the non-haematopoietic, multipotent stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into mesodermal lineage such as osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes as well ectodermal (neurocytes) and endodermal lineages (hepatocytes). MSCs express cell surface markers like cluster of differentiation (CD)29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and lack the expression of CD14, CD34, CD45 and HLA (human leucocyte antigen)-DR. hMSCs for the first time were reported in the bone marrow and till now they have been isolated from various tissues, including adipose tissue, amniotic fluid, endometrium, dental tissues, umbilical cord and Wharton's jelly which harbours potential MSCs. hMSCs have been cultured long-term in specific media without any severe abnormalities. Furthermore, MSCs have immunomodulatory features, secrete cytokines and immune-receptors which regulate the microenvironment in the host tissue. Multilineage potential, immunomodulation and secretion of anti-inflammatory molecules makes MSCs an effective tool in the treatment of chronic diseases. In the present review, we have highlighted recent research findings in the area of hMSCs sources, expression of cell surface markers, long-term in vitro culturing, in vitro differentiation potential, immunomodulatory features, its homing capacity, banking and cryopreservation, its application in the treatment of chronic diseases and its use in clinical trials.
Breitflächige Duodenal- und Papillenadenome – eine Herausforderung im Grenzbereich zwischen interventioneller Endoskopie und Chirurgie
Authors: Seewald S. , Bertschinger P. , Jacob A. L. , Schmidt J. 
Published: March 2015

ZusammenfassungDie Resektion von breitflächigen Duodenal- und Papillenadenomen gehört zu den endoskopischen Eingriffen mit einem deutlich erhöhten Komplikationsrisiko. Die Indikationsstellung für eine endoskopische Resektion bedarf deshalb einer spezifischen Risikoabschätzung. Chirurgische Verfahren wie die pankreaserhaltende Duodenektomie oder transduodenale Papillekomie sind dabei mögliche Alternativen. Der folgende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen endoskopischen und chirurgischen Verfahren. Des Weiteren werden wichtige praktische Aspekte des klinischen Managements, der Diagnostik und Therapie mit Beispielen diskutiert.
EFL and/vs. ESL?
Authors: Gries Stefan Th. , Deshors Sandra C. 
Published: March 2015

The study of learner language and that of indigenized varieties are growing areas of English-language corpus-linguistic research, which are shaped by two current trends: First, the recognition that more rigorous methodological approaches are urgently needed (with few exceptions, existing work is based on over-/under-use frequency counts that fail to unveil complex non-native linguistic patterns); second, the collective effort to bridge an existing “paradigm gap” (Sridhar & Sridhar 1986) between EFL and ESL research.This paper contributes to these developments by offering a multifactorial analysis of seventeen lexical verbs in the dative alternation in speech and writing of German/French learners and Hong Kong/India/Singapore English speakers. We exemplify the advantages of hierarchical mixed-effects modeling, which allows us to control for speaker and verb-specific effects, but also for the hierarchical structure of the corpus data. Second, we address the theoretical question of whether EFL and ESL represent discrete English varieties or a continuum.
Protein arginine methyltransferase 10 is required for androgen-dependent proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells
Authors: Harada Naoki , Takagi Toshiki , Nakano Yoshihisa , Yamaji Ryoichi , Inui Hiroshi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is the master regulator of prostate cell growth. Here, to better understand AR signaling, we searched for AR-interacting proteins by yeast two-hybrid screening and identified protein arginine methyltransferase 10 (PRMT10) as one of the interacting proteins. PRMT10 was highly expressed in reproductive tissues, such as prostate. Immunostaining showed that PRMT10 was expressed in the nucleus of both epithelia and stroma of rat prostate. In human prostate cancer LNCaP cells, PRMT10 co-immunoprecipitated with AR in both the presence and absence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Knockdown of PRMT10 by siRNA decreased DHT-dependent LNCaP cell growth and induction of prostate-specific antigen, an AR-target gene, without apparent loss of AR. DHT decreased PRMT10 at both the mRNA and protein levels. The decrease in PRMT10 was canceled by knockdown of AR or an AR antagonist. These results indicate that PRMT10 plays an important role in androgen-dependent proliferation of prostate cancer cells.
Beilinson-Flach elements and Euler systems II: The Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for Hasse-Weil-Artin 𝐿-series
Authors: Bertolini Massimo , Darmon Henri , Rotger Victor 
Published: March 2015

Let

E
E

be an elliptic curve over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

and let

ϱ
\varrho

be an odd, irreducible two-dimensional Artin representation. This article proves the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture in analytic rank zero for the Hasse-Weil-Artin

L
L

-series

L
(
E
,
ϱ
,
s
)

L(E,\varrho ,s)

, namely, the implication
\[

L
(
E
,
ϱ
,
1
)
≠
0

⇒

(
E
(
H
)
⊗
ϱ

)

G
a
l

(
H

/

Q

)

=
0
,

L(E,\varrho ,1) \ne 0\quad \Rightarrow \quad (E(H)\otimes \varrho )^{\mathrm {Gal}(H/\mathbb {Q})} = 0,

\]
where

H
H

is the finite extension of

Q

\mathbb {Q}

cut out by

ϱ
\varrho

. The proof relies on

p
p

-adic families of global Galois cohomology classes arising from Beilinson-Flach elements in a tower of products of modular curves.
The advent of genome-wide association studies for bacteria
Authors: Chen Peter E. , Jesse Shapiro B. 
Published: March 2015

Highlights• The advent of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach provides a promising framework for dissecting the genetic basis of bacterial or archaeal phenotypes.• Bacterial genomes tend to be shaped by stronger positive selection, stronger linkage disequilibrium and stronger population stratification than humans, with implications for GWAS power and resolution.• An example GWAS inMycobacterium tuberculosisgenomes highlights the potentially confounding effects of linkage disequilibrium and population stratification.• A comparison of the traditional GWAS approach versus a somewhat orthogonal method based upon evolutionary convergence (phyC) shows strengths and weaknesses of both approaches.AbstractSignificant advances in sequencing technologies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed substantial insight into the genetic architecture of human phenotypes. In recent years, the application of this approach in bacteria has begun to reveal the genetic basis of bacterial host preference, antibiotic resistance, and virulence. Here, we consider relevant differences between bacterial and human genome dynamics, apply GWAS to a global sample ofMycobacterium tuberculosisgenomes to highlight the impacts of linkage disequilibrium, population stratification, and natural selection, and finally compare the traditional GWAS against phyC, a contrasting method of mapping genotype to phenotype based upon evolutionary convergence. We discuss strengths and weaknesses of both methods, and make suggestions for factors to be considered in future bacterial GWAS.
Non linear models and the load of an electricity distributor
Authors: Simões Mario Domingues , Klotzle Marcelo Cabus , Pinto Antonio Carlos Figueiredo , Gomes Leonardo Lima 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether nonlinearities could be present in electricity loads observed in subtropical environments, where none or little heating is required, and whether threshold autoregressive (TAR)-type regime switching models could be advantageous in the modeling of those loads.Design/methodology/approach– The actual observed load of a Brazilian regional electricity distributor from January 2013 to August 2012 was modeled using a popularly employed ARMA model for reference, and smooth and non-smooth TAR transition (non-linear) models were used as non-linear regime switching models.Findings– Evidence of nonlinearities were found in the load series, and evidence was also found on the intrinsic resistance of this type of models to structural breaks in the data. Additionally, to reacting well to asymmetries in the data, these models avoid the use of exogenous variables. Altogether, this could prove to be a definite advantage of the use of such model alternatives.Research limitations/implications– However, even if the present work may have been limited by the observation frequency of the available data, it appears TAR models appear to be a viable alternative to forecasting short-term electricity loads. Nonetheless, additional research is required to achieve a higher accuracy of forecast data.Practical implications– If such models can be successfully used, it will be a great advantage for electricity generators, as the computational effort involved in the use of such models is not significantly larger than regular linear ones.Originality/value– To our knowledge, this type of research has not yet been made with subtropical/tropical electricity load data.
The relationship between energy consumption and GDP in emerging countries
Authors: Al-mulali Usama , Mohammed Abdul Hakim 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) by sector and energy consumption by type in 16 emerging countries.

Design/methodology/approach
– The panel model was utilized taking the period 1980-2010.

Findings
– The results revealed that GDP by sector and energy consumption by type are cointegrated. Moreover, the Granger causality concluded a bi-directional causal relationship between oil, natural gas and renewable energy consumption and the value of the manufacturing, industrial and services sector. Furthermore, a bi-directional causal relationship was also found between coal consumption and the value of the services sector. Furthermore, a one-way causal relationship was found from oil consumption to the value of the agriculture sector, the value of the agriculture sector to coal consumption, and coal consumption to the value of the manufacturing and the industrial sectors.

Practical implications
– This study recommended that these countries should increase their renewable energy consumption to achieve their GDP growth.

Originality/value
– This study is different from the previous studies, as it disaggregated the GDP into four sectors, namely, agriculture, manufacturing, industrial and the services sector. In addition, this study will disaggregate energy consumption into oil consumption, gas consumption, coal consumption and electricity consumption.
Sustainability in the car-based mobility: the case of the electric vehicle Editha
Authors: Heinicke Matthias , Wagenhaus Gerd 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– Considering the well-known finiteness of resources and particularly in the light of previous concepts to ensure car-based mobility, this paper aims to outline to what extent the cost structure for sustainable mobility is still acceptable in the foreseeable future for the majority of people. The production and use of energy for mobility is a decisive factor for the future development of entire regions. This can be directly derived from the dramatically evolving energy cost in the recent years rooted in an increasing scarcity of known resources.Design/methodology/approach– On the basis of available new technology components, researchers from the University of Magdeburg (Germany) have converted a conventional car into an electric vehicle. Hereby, energy efficiency and sustainability were in the direct focus of the product redesign. Furthermore, a LCC analysis complements the qualitative analysis.Findings– Thus, a driving concept for electric mobility in the urban environment was drawn up which meets the criterion of suitability for everyday use due to an e-conversion. Moreover, the outstanding efficiency of the designed powertrain is demonstrated.Research limitations/implications– Using the research electric vehicle Editha, the researchers point out which technical options can be inferred from available components for the creation of mobility in the urban environment. However, the source of energy is crucial to assess if the claim for sustainability is fulfilled.Social implications– The paper illustrates that a monetary advantage of electric vehicles, such as the prototype Editha, arises after seven years due to disproportional purchase costs.Originality/value– In this context, the proposed driving concept of the prototype represents a transitional solution from vehicles with central engine to hub wheel electric engines. In addition, Editha is the first roadworthy and suitable for daily use research vehicle using an individual electric motor for each rear wheel without manual gearbox.