bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are General Dental Practitioners Providing Best Practice in Prevention – in Everyday General Practice?
Authors: Pearce Mark , Catleugh Melanie 
Published: August 2013

Aims To discover whether general dental practitioners are providing best practice in prevention, as defined by the ‘Delivering Better Oral Health’ toolkit, in everyday general practice. Method A questionnaire was created with five scenarios describing the key findings of the examination of five hypothetical patients. Dentists attending a postgraduate meeting were asked to list all the preventive treatment and advice they would give each patient. The content of their answers was compared with the toolkit by two researchers. Results Twenty four dentists completed the questionnaire. In general terms, they did not mention much of the specific advice or recommend the treatment listed in the toolkit except that a significant proportion would apply fluoride varnish to children's teeth and all would give smoking cessation advice where appropriate. Suitable recall intervals, defined by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, were suggested for three of the scenarios but the advice was inconsistent for the other two scenarios. Conclusion This small investigation suggests that dentists’ implementation of prevention, as advised by the toolkit, is not thorough or consistent. Comprehensive adoption of prevention in dentistry will require intensive multifaceted education and organisational change such as might be provided by the new contracts being piloted at present.
Oral Fluid Cannabinoids in Chronic Cannabis Smokers during Oral Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Therapy and Smoked Cannabis Challenge
Authors: Lee Dayong , Vandrey Ryan , Mendu Damodara R , Anizan Sebastien , Milman Garry , Murray Jeannie A , Barnes Allan J , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND
Oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective for attenuating cannabis withdrawal and may benefit treatment of cannabis use disorders. Oral fluid (OF) cannabinoid testing, increasing in forensic and workplace settings, could be valuable for monitoring during cannabis treatment.

METHODS
Eleven cannabis smokers resided on a closed research unit for 51 days and received daily 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg of oral THC in divided doses for 5 days. There was a 5-puff smoked cannabis challenge on the fifth day. Each medication session was separated by 9 days of ad libitum cannabis smoking. OF was collected the evening before and throughout oral THC sessions and analyzed by 2-dimensional GC-MS for THC, cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH).

RESULTS
During all oral THC administrations, THC OF concentrations decreased to ≤78.2, 33.2, and 1.4 μg/L by 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. CBN also decreased over time, with concentrations 10-fold lower than THC, with none detected beyond 69 h. CBD and 11-OH-THC were rarely detected, only within 19 and 1.6 h after smoking, respectively. THCCOOH OF concentrations were dose dependent and increased over time during 120-mg THC dosing. After cannabis smoking, THC, CBN, and THCCOOH concentrations showed a significant dose effect and decreased significantly over time.

CONCLUSIONS
Oral THC dosing significantly affected OF THCCOOH but minimally contributed to THC OF concentrations; prior ad libitum smoking was the primary source of THC, CBD, and CBN. Higher cannabinoid concentrations following active oral THC administrations vs placebo suggest a compensatory effect of THC tolerance on smoking topography.
Heterotopic intersections of tourism and undocumented migration in Southern Europe: The video essay Sudeuropa (2005–2007)
Authors: Bayraktar Nilgün 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article examines the documentary video essay Sudeuropa (2005–2007) by Raphaël Cuomo and Maria Iorio, which focuses on undocumented migration in Southern Europe, in particular the Sicilian island of Lampedusa. Since the late 1990s, the touristic island of Lampedusa has become a major crossroad in transnational migratory routes across the Mediterranean, where the material effects of border securitization and militarization are heavily felt. Sudeuropa underscores the interdependency of seemingly unrelated mobilities: undocumented migration, tourism and journalism. It reveals the significant role of migrant labour in the development and maintenance of tourism by focusing on migrant workers involved in the hospitality industry. In this article, Sudeuropa is analysed in relation to theories of essay film. The genre of essay film, which has been recognized as a distinct form of film-making since the 1960s, provides a highly productive and politically revealing understanding of the dynamic between migrancy and visuality. Essay film has been described as a genre in between documentary and fiction, suggesting the fluidity and indeterminacy of its aesthetic and political qualities. Sudeuropa calls for a reconsideration of the genre, because it plays with fact and fiction, poses problems without answers and is profoundly self-reflexive.
Cinematic affect and the ethics of waste
Authors: Kendall Tina 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article considers questions of affect and ethics in relation to three films about waste: Agnès Varda’s The Gleaners and I (1999), Lucy Walker’s Waste Land (2010), and Harmony Korine’s Trash Humpers (2009). Drawing from new materialist models, the article situates the ethical import of these very different films in relation to the way that they present waste as a vibrant and affectively charged medium through which we might rethink relations between people and things. It argues that a careful evaluation of the way these films generate and manage affect is crucial to an understanding of the kinds of ethical work each might be said to perform. While The Gleaners and I and Waste Land emphasize the uplifting feelings that can be generated from trash if we learn to see it differently, Trash Humpers rejects the activist, humanist ethos of Varda’s and Walker’s films in favour of an avant-garde impulse to degrade and defile. However, despite its nihilistic approach to its subject matter, this article argues that Trash Humpers’ feel-bad aesthetic does not rule out the possibility of ethical engagement. Rather, it offers important insights about the role of negative affect within an ethics of waste.
Reviews
Authors: Haworth Rachel , Melero Alejandro , Rushton Richard , Brandellero Sara 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Mediated Ethnicity: New Italian-American Cinema, Giuliana Muscio, Joseph Schiorra, Giovanni Spagnoletti and Anthony Julian Tamburri (eds) (2010) New York: Calandra Institute, 299 pp., ISBN: 978-0-9703-4036-8, p/bk, $28.00
The Films of Elías Querejeta: A Producer of Landscapes, Tom Whittaker (2011) Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 176 pp., ISBN 978-0-7083-2438-7, pbk, £35
World Cinema and the Ethics of Realism, Lúcia Nagib (2011) New York and London: Continuum, 293 pp., ISBN:-13: 978-1-4411-6583-1, pbk, £16.99
New Trends in Argentine and Brazilian Cinema, Cacilda Rêgo and Carolina Rocha (eds) (2011) Bristol and Chicago: Intellect, 274 pp., ISBN: 978-1-8415-0375-2, p/bk, £24.95
The Relationship Between Dynamic Stability and Multidirectional Speed
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Schultz Adrian B. , Callaghan Samuel J. , Jeffriess Matthew D. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Lockie, RG, Schultz, AB, Callaghan, SJ, and Jeffriess, MD. The relationship between dynamic stability and multidirectional speed. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3033–3043, 2016—Dynamic stability is said to contribute to multidirectional (linear and change-of-direction) speed, although little research confirms this. This study analyzed the relationship between dynamic stability as measured by lower-limb functional reaching in 6 directions (anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, posteromedial, medial, and anteromedial) within a modified star excursion balance test and multidirectional speed (40-m sprint: 0–10, 0–20, and 0–40 m intervals; T-test; change-of-direction and acceleration test [CODAT]). Sixteen male field sport athletes (age, 23.31 ± 5.34 years; height, 1.78 ± 0.07 m; mass, 80.60 ± 9.89 kg) completed testing. A 1-way analysis of variance determined significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in excursions between faster and slower subjects. All data were pooled for a Spearman's correlation analysis (p ≤ 0.05). Faster subjects had greater left leg medial reach (76.24 ± 5.33 vs. 65.94 ± 10.75%), right leg posteromedial reach (85.20 ± 8.07 vs. 73.59 ± 12.64%), and a smaller between-leg difference in lateral reach (2.26 ± 1.85 vs. 6.46 ± 4.29%). Longer reach distances (greater dynamic stability) correlated with faster speed test times (ρ = −0.499 to 0.664). Dynamic stability relationships were pronounced for the change-of-direction speed tests. For example, smaller between-leg excursion differences in anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, and posteromedial reaches related to faster T-test and CODAT times (ρ = 0.502–0.804). There is a relationship between dynamic stability as measured by functional reaching and multidirectional speed in field sport athletes, possibly because of similarities in movement demands and muscle recruitment. Dynamic stability training could strengthen muscles for multidirectional sprinting and develop functional joint motion.
Second primary malignancies following thyroid cancer: a population-based study in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Chang-Hsien , Lee Kuan-Der , Chen Ping-Tsung , Chen Chih-Cheng , Kuan Feng-Che , Huang Cih-En , Chen Miao-Fen , Chen Min-Chi 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveMost studies on second primary malignancies (SPMs) after primary thyroid cancer were conducted in USA or Europe. The discrepancy between SPMs in these studies could be attributed to geographical and ethnic heterogeneity. Thus, there is a clear need for another large-scale epidemiological study, particularly in Asian countries, to define the incidence and risk of SPMs in thyroid cancer survivors.DesignA population-based study was conducted using the nation-wide database from Taiwan Cancer Registry between 1979 and 2006.MethodsWe quantified standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and cumulative incidence of SPMs among 19 068 individuals (4205 males and 14 863 females) with primary thyroid cancer.ResultsA total of 644 cases (3.38%) developed at least a SPM during 134 678 person-years of follow-up. The risk for subsequent SPMs was significantly greater than that of the general population (SIR=1.33, 95% CI 1.23–1.44). There was a greater risk of developing major salivary glands, nasopharyngeal, lung, thymus, breast (females), bladder, and brain cancers, and leukemia and lymphoma. We observed that the risk was highest within the first 5 years of diagnosis of thyroid cancer (SIR=5.29, 1.68, and 0.68 for ≦5, 5–10, and >10 respectively) and in the younger patients (SIR=1.81 vs 1.61 for <50 and ≧50 respectively). The median overall survival for primary thyroid cancer patients was 23.28 years, but it was only 4.73 years for those who developed SPMs.ConclusionThyroid cancer is associated with a 33% risk increment of SPMs, which had a negative impact on survival. There are sites of SPMs in the Asian population that are distinctive from those in the Western population, suggesting that other genetic predisposition or environmental factors may play a role.
Home Visiting and Outcomes of Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Goyal Neera K. , Teeters Angelique , Ammerman Robert T. 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Home visiting is 1 strategy to improve child health and parenting. Since implementation of home visiting trials 2 decades ago, US preterm births (&lt;37 weeks) have risen by 20%. The objective of this study was to review evidence regarding home visiting and outcomes of preterm infantsMETHODS:Searches of Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, PsycINFO, and Embase were conducted. Criteria for inclusion were (1) cohort or controlled trial designs; (2) home-based, preventive services for infants at medical or social risk; and (3) outcomes reported for infants born preterm or low birth weight (&lt;2500 g). Data from eligible reports were abstracted by 2 reviewers. Random effects meta-analysis was used to synthesize data for developmental and parent interaction measures.RESULTS:Seventeen studies (15 controlled trials, 2 cohort studies) were reviewed. Five outcome domains were identified: infant development, parent-infant interaction, morbidity, abuse/neglect, and growth/nutrition. Six studies (n = 336) demonstrated a pooled standardized mean difference of 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.57 to 1.02) in Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory scores at 1 year in the home-visited groups versus control. Evidence for other outcomes was limited. Methodological limitations were common.CONCLUSIONS:Reviewed studies suggest that home visiting for preterm infants promotes improved parent-infant interaction. Further study of interventions targeting preterm infants within existing programs may strengthen the impact and cost benefits of home visiting in at-risk populations.
Electronic Health Record Identification of Nephrotoxin Exposure and Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Goldstein Stuart L. , Kirkendall Eric , Nguyen Hovi , Schaffzin Joshua K. , Bucuvalas John , Bracke Tracey , Seid Michael , Ashby Marshall , Foertmeyer Natalie , Brunner Lori , Lesko Anne , Barclay Cynthia , Lannon Carole , Muething Stephen 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Nephrotoxic medication exposure represents a common cause of acute kidney injury (nephrotoxin-AKI) in hospitalized children. Systematic serum creatinine (SCr) screening has not been routinely performed in children receiving nephrotoxins, potentially leading to underestimating nephrotoxin-AKI rates. We aimed to accurately determine nephrotoxin exposure and nephrotoxin-AKI rates to drive appropriate interventions in non–critically ill hospitalized children.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective quality improvement project implementing a systematic electronic health record (EHR) screening and decision support process (trigger) at a single quaternary pediatric hospital. Patients were all noncritically ill hospitalized children receiving an intravenous aminoglycoside for ≥3 days or ≥3 nephrotoxins simultaneously (exposure). Pharmacists recommended daily SCr monitoring in exposed patients. AKI was defined by the modified pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss and End-stage Renal Disease criteria (≥25% decrease in estimated creatinine clearance). We developed 4 novel metrics: exposure rate per 1000 patient-days, AKI rate per 1000 patient-days, AKI rate (%) per high nephrotoxin admission, and AKI days per 100 exposure days (AKI intensity).

RESULTS:
This study included 21 807 patients accounting for 27 711 admissions. A total of 726 (3.3%) unique exposed patients accounted for 945 hospital admissions (6713 patient-days). AKI occurred in 25% of unique exposed patients and 31% of exposure admissions (1974 patient-days). Our EHR-driven SCr nephrotoxin-AKI surveillance process was associated with a 42% reduction in AKI intensity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Nephrotoxin-AKI rates are high in noncritically ill children; systematic screening for nephrotoxic medication exposure and AKI detection was accomplished reliably through an EHR based trigger tool.
Brain Atrophy in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Moran Chris , Phan Thanh G. , Chen Jian , Blizzard Leigh , Beare Richard , Venn Alison , Münch Gerald , Wood Amanda G. , Forbes Josephine , Greenaway Timothy M. , Pearson Susan , Srikanth Velandai 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with brain atrophy and cerebrovascular disease. We aimed to define the regional distribution of brain atrophy in T2DM and to examine whether atrophy or cerebrovascular lesions are feasible links between T2DM and cognitive function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and cognitive tests in 350 participants with T2DM and 363 participants without T2DM. With voxel-based morphometry, we studied the regional distribution of atrophy in T2DM. We measured cerebrovascular lesions (infarcts, microbleeds, and white matter hyperintensity [WMH] volume) and atrophy (gray matter, white matter, and hippocampal volumes) while blinded to T2DM status. With use of multivariable regression, we examined for mediation or effect modification of the association between T2DM and cognitive measures by MRI measures.

RESULTS
T2DM was associated with more cerebral infarcts and lower total gray, white, and hippocampal volumes (all P &lt; 0.05) but not with microbleeds or WMH. T2DM-related gray matter loss was distributed mainly in medial temporal, anterior cingulate, and medial frontal lobes, and white matter loss was distributed in frontal and temporal regions. T2DM was associated with poorer visuospatial construction, planning, visual memory, and speed (P ≤ 0.05) independent of age, sex, education, and vascular risk factors. The strength of these associations was attenuated by almost one-half when adjusted for hippocampal and total gray volumes but was unchanged by adjustment for cerebrovascular lesions or white matter volume.

CONCLUSIONS
Cortical atrophy in T2DM resembles patterns seen in preclinical Alzheimer disease. Neurodegeneration rather than cerebrovascular lesions may play a key role in T2DM-related cognitive impairment.
Potential Efficiency Benefits of Nonmydriatic Ultrawide Field Retinal Imaging in an Ocular Telehealth Diabetic Retinopathy Program
Authors: Silva Paolo S. , Cavallerano Jerry D. , Tolls Dorothy , Omar Ahmed , Thakore Komal , Patel Bina , Sehizadeh Mina , Tolson Ann M. , Sun Jennifer K. , Aiello Lloyd M. , Aiello Lloyd Paul 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE
To compare efficiency of nonmydriatic ultrawide field retinal imaging (UWFI) and nonmydriatic fundus photography (NMFP) in a diabetic retinopathy (DR) ocular telehealth program.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients in this retrospective, comparative cohort study underwent NMFP and UWFI between 1 November 2011 and 1 November 2012. Images were evaluated for DR and diabetic macular edema (DME) by certified graders using a standard protocol at a centralized reading center. Identification of DR, image evaluation time, and rate of ungradable eyes were compared.

RESULTS
NMFP and UWFI were performed in 1,633 and 2,170 consecutive patients, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between groups regarding age, diabetes duration, sex, ethnicity, or insulin use. The ungradable rate per patient for DR (2.9 vs. 9.9%, P &lt; 0.0001) and DME (3.8 vs. 8.8%, P &lt; 0.0001) was lower with UWFI than with NMFP. With UWFI, the median image evaluation time per patient was reduced from 12.8 to 9.2 min (P &lt; 0.0001). The identification of patients with DR (38.4 vs. 33.8%) and vision-threatening DR (14.5 vs. 11.9%) was increased with UWFI versus NMFP. In a consecutive subgroup of 502 eyes of 301 patients with DR, the distribution of peripheral retinal lesions outside Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study fields suggested a more severe DR level in 9.0% (45 eyes).

CONCLUSIONS
In a standardized DR ocular telehealth program, nonmydriatic UWFI reduced the ungradable rate by 71% (to &lt;3%) and reduced image evaluation time by 28%. DR was identified 17% more frequently after UWFI, and DR peripheral lesions suggested a more severe DR level in 9%. These data suggest that UWFI may improve efficiency of ocular telehealth programs evaluating DR and DME.
Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis: Report of two cases and a novel genetic mutation in an Indian patient
Authors: Bajaj Bhupender K. , Singh Anand , Anand Kuljeet S. , Garg Jyoti 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTCerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX) is an autosomal recessive disorder of bile acid metabolism manifesting typically with the triad of neurological dysfunction, tendon xanthoma, and early onset cataract. The diagnosis is often missed and delayed as the patients do not manifest all the classical features. Early recognition and initiation of chenodeoxycholic acid therapy with Hydoxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme‑A (HMG‑Co‑A) inhibitors is critical to prevent irreversible neurological damage and permanently disabled existence. We report about two patients, both of whom remained undiagnosed for more than 20 years. Genetic analysis in one of the patients revealed a novel genetic mutation in one of the homologous genes. The patient was found to have heterozygous mutation of CTX gene with a novel mutation in exon 1 of CYP27A1 gene.
REM sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson’s disease: A case from India confirmed with polysomnographic data
Authors: Gupta Ravi , Goel Deepak , Walker Jim , Farney Robert J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder is a condition characterized by dream enactment. This condition may accompany neurodegenerative disorders. However, only a few reports from India are available, that too, without any polysomnographic evidence. We are reporting a case of REM sleep behavior disorder with polysomnographic evidence.
Extracranially located PICA aneurysm presenting with supratentorial IVH: A rare event with diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Savardekar Amey , Tewari Manoj Kumar , Garg Rajeev , Gupta Vivek , Ahuja Chirag 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTExtracranially located posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are rare with only 21 cases reported till date. They may arise either from the proximal segment of an extracranially originating PICA or from the tip of its caudal loop when it dips below the foramen magnum. A 16-year-old female presenting with sudden onset severe headache and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in the occipital horns of the lateral ventricle and the fourth ventricles, was diagnosed to have an extracranial proximal segment PICA aneurysm on a four vessel digital subtraction angiography (DSA), after initially missing it on the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with angiogram (MRA) because of its extracranial location. During surgery, the aneurysm was clipped following a far lateral suboccipital craniectomy with C1‑C2 hemilaminectomy. The patient showed good recovery. Thus, we emphasize the need for a dedicated four vessel angiography to diagnose such lesions.
Self-limiting symptomatic peri-ictal bradyarryhthmia due to junctional AV rhythm
Authors: Babarao Hanmantrao Darku , Madhu Nagappa , Sinha Sanjib , Prasad Chandrajit , Somasekhar Nagaraju 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWe report an elderly man with chronic uncontrolled localization.related epilepsy on three AEDs, who developed in.hospital symptomatic bradyarrythmia due to junctional atrio-ventricular (AV) rhythm after an episode of generalized seizure during his hospital stay. On further evaluation, the cardiac enzymes were normal and 2D.echocardiogram showed mild left ventricular hypertrophy. Patient recovered from the same with supportive treatment within few hours. We emphasize on importance of prompt recognition of this event and its implication including one of the mechanism for sudden unexplained death in epilepsy.
Occult spontaneous lateral intrasphenoidal encephalocele: A rare presentation
Authors: Bano Shahina , Chaudhary Vikas , Yadav Sachchida N , Garga Umesh C 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBasal encephaloceles are extremely rare congenital malformations. Advanced cross-sectional imaging modalities like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are necessary for diagnosing the asymptomatic, occult basal encephalocele and planning the surgical approach. We present an interesting case of clinically silent right-sided lateral intrasphenoidal encephalocele through a large bony defect.