bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A integração regional e dinamismo setorial na economia da república de Angola / Regional integration and industry dynamics in the economy of the republic of Angola
Authors: Wanderley Livio Andrade 
Published: February 2015

O artigo fez uma análise da economia de angola visando identificar os setores e mesorregiões quanto ao dinamismo e integração regional, respectivamente. Aplicou-se o modelo shift-share entre os anos de 2003 e 2007, para verificar as influências do crescimento nacional, da estrutura produtiva e de atributos regionais, em cada setor e mesorregião. Observou-se a hegemonia nacional, especialmente, de duas regiões litorâneas, a falta de dinamismo estrutural nos setores e mesorregiões, e a existência de dinamismos endógenos em algumas regiões. Interpretou-se que o atual estágio da economia angolana pauta-se por um dinamismo concentrado em Luanda e Benguela e pela frágil integração regional.
Cultural Dynamics, Deep Time, and Data
Authors: Kintigh Keith W. , Altschul Jeffrey H. , Kinzig Ann P. , Limp W.Fredrick , Michener William K. , Sabloff Jeremy A. , Hackett Edward J. , Kohler Timothy A. , Ludäscher Bertram , Lynch Clifford A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractArchaeological data and research results are essential to addressing such fundamental questions as the origins of human culture; the origin, waxing, and waning of civilizations and cities; the response of societies to long-term climate changes; and the systemic relationships implicated in human-induced changes in the environment. However, we lack the capacity for acquiring, managing, analyzing, and synthesizing the data sets needed to address important questions such as these. We propose investments in computational infrastructure that would transform archaeology’s ability to advance research on the field’s most compelling questions with an evidential base and inferential rigor that have heretofore been impossible. At the same time, new infrastructure would make archaeological data accessible to researchers in other disciplines. We offer recommendations regarding data management and availability, cyberinfrastructure tool building, and social and cultural changes in the discipline. We propose funding synthetic case studies that would demonstrate archaeology’s ability to contribute to transdisciplinary research on long-term social dynamics and serve as a context for developing computational tools and analytical workflows that will be necessary to attack these questions. The case studies would explore how emerging research in computer science could empower this research and would simultaneously provide productive challenges for computer science research.
Spatializing Social Network Analysis in the Late Precontact U.S. Southwest
Authors: Hill J. Brett , Peeples Matthew A. , Huntley Deborah L. , Carmack H. Jane 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this article we explore the relationship between spatial proximity and indices of social connectivity during the A.D. 1200–1450 interval in the United States (U.S.) Southwest. Using geographic information systems (GIS), we develop indices of spatial proximity based on the terrain-adjusted cost distance between sites in a regional settlement and material cultural database focused on the western U.S. Southwest. We evaluate the hypothesis that social interaction is a function of proximity and that interactions will be most intense among near neighbors. We find that this hypothesis is supported in some instances but that the correlation between proximity and interaction is highly variable in the context of late precontact social upheaval. Furthermore, we show important discrepancies between the Puebloan north and the Hohokam south that help to explain differences in community sustainability in the two regions.
Assessing the Utility of Plowed Field Surface Deposits in Pilot Research
Authors: Palumbo Scott 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe paper outlines a pilot project that archaeologists may use to explore the utility of analyzing surface and subsurface archaeological deposits from cultivated field sites. Surface and subsurface assemblage data are compared from the Aguas Buenas period (cal. A.D. 300–900) site of Pitti-González in western Panama. The analyses presented here illustrate a means by which researchers can assess the validity of surface deposits and choose appropriate sampling designs. In the example considered here, the analysis of surface deposits points toward the same general interpretations as excavation data. It is argued that surface deposits retain significant utility and offer important advantages to researchers.
Paul de Tarse, figure de conversion ?
Authors: Gignac Alain 
Published: February 2015

Cet article souhaite problématiser le recours à Paul comme figure de conversion, avant d’analyser quelques textes du Nouveau Testament qui essaient de rendre compte de l’expérience paulinienne « de Damas » (spécialement 1Co 15,8-10 ; Ph 3,2-14 ; Ga 1,11-24 ; 2,19-20 ; Ac 9). L’article montre l’existence d’un clivage entre deux approches de la conversion, qui gagnent à être considérées comme complémentaires : 1) objectivation d’un processus « cause/effet », sous le mode du comment ; et 2) interprétation subjectivante (mais non pas subjectiviste) d’une expérience inattendue, sous le mode du pourquoi. Ce clivage traverse les sciences humaines, les études exégétiques sur Paul, et peut-être même le Nouveau Testament (Actes des Apôtresvs lettres proprement pauliniennes). Au plan théologique, l’énonciation paulinienne des lettres à propos « de Damas » peut être appréhendée comme l’effort de comprendre après coup le saisissement d’une rencontre messianique qui a tout changé, selon une double hypothèse. D’une part, l’expérience implique une totale identification de Paul au Christ (Ga 2,19-20 comme clé de lecture de Ph 3,2-14 et Ga 1,11-24) ; d’autre part, elle peut être interprétée comme un « effet de Sujet », dans la ligne de la réflexion philosophique d’Alain Badiou.
Une lecture durkheimienne de la conversion et du baptême dans les colonies huttériennes
Authors: Legault Laberge Raphaël Mathieu 
Published: February 2015

Cet article utilise les groupes anabaptistes, et plus précisément les huttériens, en tant que laboratoire social pour l’analyse de trajectoires de conversion. Ainsi, d’une part, certains individus se sont convertis aux religions anabaptistes. L’exemple le plus frappant de ces conversions est représenté par l’implantation d’une colonie huttérienne au Japon. D’autre part, certains individus nés dans une colonie huttérienne ont quitté leur groupe d’origine pour se convertir à un autre groupe religieux, groupe qui adopte une religion qui rejoint davantage leurs aspirations, voire leur spiritualité. Pour les anabaptistes, le baptême se trouve au coeur de ces processus de conversion. Pour les individus qui joignent ou qui quittent les groupes anabaptistes, qu’est-ce qui détermine l’acceptation ou le refus de la conversion et du baptême ? Notre hypothèse est que la conversion procède par affinité religieuse. L’opérationnalisation de certains concepts durkheimiens, tirés de l’ouvrageLes formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse(Durkheim 2007), nous permettra d’étayer cette hypothèse.
Subsidized optimal ART for HIV‐positive temporary residents of Australia improves virological outcomes: results from the Australian HIV Observational Database Temporary Residents Access Study
Authors: Petoumenos Kathy , Watson Jo , Whittaker Bill , Hoy Jennifer , Smith Don , Bastian Lisa , Finlayson Robert , Sloane Andrew , Wright Stephen T. , McManus Hamish , Law Matthew G 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionHIV‐positive (HIV+) temporary residents living in Australia legally are unable to access government subsidized antiretroviral treatment (ART) which is provided via Medicare to Australian citizens and permanent residents. Currently, there is no information systematically being collected on non‐Medicare eligible HIV+ patients in Australia. The objectives of this study are to describe the population recruited to the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) Temporary Residents Access Study (ATRAS) and to determine the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of receiving (subsidized) optimal ART and the impact on onwards HIV transmission.MethodsATRAS was established in 2011. Eligible patients were recruited via the AHOD network. Key HIV‐related characteristics were recorded at baseline and prospectively. Additional visa‐related information was also recorded at baseline, and updated annually. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the ATRAS cohort in terms of visa status by key demographic characteristics, including sex, region of birth, and HIV disease status. CD4 cell count (mean and SD) and the proportion with undetectable (<50 copies/ml) HIV viral load are reported at baseline, 6 and 12 months of follow‐up. We also estimate the proportion reduction of onward HIV transmission based on the reduction in proportion of people with detectable HIV viral load.ResultsA total of 180 patients were recruited to ATRAS by June 2012, and by July 2013 39 patients no longer required ART via ATRAS, 35 of whom became eligible for Medicare‐funded medication. At enrolment, 63% of ATRAS patients were receiving ART from alternative sources, 47% had an undetectable HIV viral load (<50 copies/ml) and the median CD4 cell count was 343 cells/µl (IQR: 222–479). At 12 months of follow‐up, 85% had an undetectable viral load. We estimated a 75% reduction in the risk of onward HIV transmission with the improved rate of undetectable viral load.ConclusionsThe immunological and virological improvements highlight the importance of supplying optimal ART to this vulnerable population. The increase in proportion with undetectable HIV viral load shows the potentially significant impact on HIV transmission in addition to the personal health benefit for each individual.
Plantar Loading Characteristics During Walking in Females With and Without Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Willson John D. , Ellis Eric D. , Kernozek Thomas W. 
Published: February 2015

Background
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common injury, particularly in females. Foot pronation may promote knee and hip transverse plane joint kinematics during gait thought to contribute to PFP. Greater knowledge of plantar loading characteristics in females with PFP may be valuable to provide a basis for clinical decisions regarding footwear and foot orthoses. The purpose of this study was to compare plantar loading distribution in females with and without PFP during gait.

Methods
Plantar pressure during walking was recorded from 19 females with PFP and 20 females without PFP. Contact area, peak force, and force-time integral were evaluated in ten plantar areas. Arch index was also calculated from contact area data during gait.

Results
Contact area in females with PFP was 9% smaller in the first metatarsal region (P = .039) and 20% smaller in the midfoot region (P = .042) than in females without PFP. Peak force was 31% lower in the midfoot region for females with PFP (P = .027) and 13% lower in the first metatarsal region (P = .064). Force-time integral was 18% lower in the first metatarsal region in females with PFP (P = .024). Females with PFP demonstrated a lower arch index (suggesting a higher arch) (P = .028).

Conclusions
Decreased medial forefoot loading and decreased midfoot contact suggest decreased foot pronation during gait in females with PFP relative to females without PFP. Decreased foot pronation may foster increased patellofemoral joint loading rates. These data contribute to rationale for footwear modifications to modify plantar loading characteristics in people experiencing PFP.
Treatment of Calcaneal Fractures with Closed Reduction and the Endobutton-Assisted Technique
Authors: Atmaca Halil , Memisoglu Kaya , Baran Tuncay , Kesemenli Cumhur Cevdet 
Published: February 2015

Background
Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, open reduction and internal fixation, and primary arthrodesis are procedures used in the surgical treatment of calcaneal fractures. This study presents short-term clinical and radiologic results of patients with calcaneal fractures treated by closed indirect reduction with Endobutton-assisted minimally invasive osteosynthesis.

Methods
Twenty-one feet of 18 patients (four women and 14 men) with calcaneal fractures were retrospectively analyzed. Böhler and Gissane angles were measured from the preoperative, postoperative, and latest follow-up lateral radiographs of the feet. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores were used for the 6-month and latest follow-up clinical assessments.

Results
The mean preoperative Böhler angle of 17.1° was corrected to a mean of 20.4° postoperatively. The mean value of this angle measured at the time of latest follow-up was 21.3°. The mean preoperative and postoperative Gissane angles were 116° and 117.8°, respectively. The mean value of this angle measured at the time of latest follow-up was 117.4°. The mean 6-month postoperative AOFAS score was 59.8 points. The mean AOFAS score at the time of latest follow-up (79.1 points) was significantly higher than the mean score 6 months postoperatively (P < .001). Regarding the latest follow-up AOFAS scores, four were poor, four were moderate, ten were good, and three were excellent.

Conclusions
With a low learning curve and satisfactory clinical outcomes, this technique can be used in acute, edematous cases with soft-tissue injuries to avoid calcaneal enlargement, infection, and soft-tissue problems.
The Current State of Emergency Medical Training in US Schools of Podiatric Medicine
Authors: Wald David A. , Wang Alvin , Suh John , Pontious Jane , Miller Christine 
Published: February 2015

Background
There is no information available in the medical literature regarding emergency medical training in the podiatric medicine predoctoral curriculum. This study was undertaken to describe the current state of emergency medical training in US schools of podiatric medicine.

Methods
A Web-based descriptive survey was developed to assess course logistics, the curricular topics covered, and the teaching methods used. All of the US schools of podiatric medicine were surveyed.

Results
Completed surveys were returned from all nine schools. All of the institutions incorporate training on the management of medical emergencies into their predoctoral curricula. Four schools (44.4%) reported initiating this training before 2000. All of the schools incorporate a didactic (lecture) component, and eight (88.9%) incorporate a clinical (hands-on) component into their training.

Conclusions
All of the schools of podiatric medicine in the United States incorporate emergency medical training into their predoctoral curriculum. However, despite some similarities across institutions, there seems to be variation regarding curricular topics, didactic teaching, and methods of teaching the material.
Radiographic Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle—Part 4
Authors: Christman Robert A. 
Published: February 2015

Background
The normal radiographic anatomy of the foot and ankle, aside from my previous work, has been addressed only superficially or sparingly in the medical literature. This project correlates the detailed radiographic anatomy of the entire adult foot and ankle (two-dimensional) to osteology (three-dimensional).

Methods
Each bone's position was determined after meticulous examination and correlation to an articulated skeleton relative to the image receptor and direction of the x-ray beam, with correlation to the radiograph for confirmation.

Results
Images of each foot and distal leg bone (“front” and “back” perspectives) are presented alongside a corresponding radiographic image for comparison. The normal gross and radiographic anatomy is correlated and described for each radiographic positioning technique.

Conclusions
Foundational knowledge is provided that future researchers can use as a baseline (“normal”) and that students and practitioners can use for comparison when interpreting radiographs and distinguishing abnormal findings. The results of the original project, owing to its broad scope, have been divided into five parts: the lower leg, the greater tarsus, the lesser tarsus, the metatarsals (the focus of this article), and the phalanges.
Detection of Normal Plantar Fascia Thickness in Adults via the Ultrasonographic Method
Authors: Abul Kadir , Ozer Devrim , Sakizlioglu Secil Sezgin , Buyuk Abdul Fettah , Kaygusuz Mehmet Akif 
Published: February 2015

Background
Heel pain is a prevalent concern in orthopedic clinics, and there are numerous pathologic abnormalities that can cause heel pain. Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain, and the plantar fascia thickens in this process. It has been found that thickening to greater than 4 mm in ultrasonographic measurements can be accepted as meaningful in diagnoses. Herein, we aimed to measure normal plantar fascia thickness in adults using ultrasonography.

Methods
We used ultrasonography to measure the plantar fascia thickness of 156 healthy adults in both feet between April 1, 2011, and June 30, 2011. These adults had no previous heel pain. The 156 participants comprised 88 women (56.4%) and 68 men (43.6%) (mean age, 37.9 years; range, 18–65 years). The weight, height, and body mass index of the participants were recorded, and statistical analyses were conducted.

Results
The mean ± SD (range) plantar fascia thickness measurements for subgroups of the sample were as follows: 3.284 ± 0.56 mm (2.4–5.1 mm) for male right feet, 3.3 ± 0.55 mm (2.5–5.0 mm) for male left feet, 2.842 ± 0.42 mm (1.8–4.1 mm) for female right feet, and 2.8 ± 0.44 mm (1.8–4.3 mm) for female left feet. The overall mean ± SD (range) thickness for the right foot was 3.035 ± 0.53 mm (1.8–5.1 mm) and for the left foot was 3.053 ± 0.54 mm (1.8–5.0 mm). There was a statistically significant and positive correlation between plantar fascia thickness and participant age, weight, height, and body mass index.

Conclusions
The plantar fascia thickness of adults without heel pain was measured to be less than 4 mm in most participants (~92%). There was no statistically significant difference between the thickness of the right and left foot plantar fascia.
Adipose tissue torsion with localized lymphangiectasia in a Rio Cauca caecilian Typhlonectes natans
Authors: Whalen Laura E. W. , Walsh Timothy F. , Steeil James C. , Aziz Neel , Palmer Alyssa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
A female Rio Cauca caecilian Typhlonectes natans (estimated as between 10 and 18 years of age) housed at the Smithsonian National Zoological Park in Washington, D.C., developed progressive severe coelomic effusion over a 4-week period. The coelomic effusion was diagnosed via radiographs and ultrasound, and a sample of the fluid was obtained for analysis, which revealed a low-protein transudate suggestive of inflammation. As the coelomic effusion progressed, the caecilian became tachypneic, hyporexic, and lethargic. The caecilian was started on antibiotics and a diet trial, but signs continued despite therapy.

Methods
An exploratory celiotomy was performed, which revealed adipose tissue torsion with local lymphangiectasia and a presumptive biliary cyst. Surgical correction was unable to be achieved due to concern for fatal hemorrhage, as the vasculature associated with the torsion was severely distended. Due to the severity of the torsion and associated risks, the caecilian was euthanized intraoperatively and subsequently necropsied for histologic evaluation.

Result
After reviewing the caecilian's presentation and the progression of disease, it is suspected that the severe coelomic effusion was secondary to lymphangiectasia, which occurred subsequent to the adipose tissue torsion.

Conclusion
This is the first reported case of adipose tissue torsion and associated clinical disease in an aquatic caecilian and should be a differential for progressive coelomic effusion in this species.
Abstract
Impact statement To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of adipose tissue torsion and associated clinical disease in an aquatic caecilian and should be a differential for coelomic effusion in Rio Cauca caecilians.
Set‐membership state estimation for delayed switched systems with interval uncertainty: A zonotopic approach
Authors: Zhou Zhizhen , Chen Dongyan , Hu Jun , Yang Ning 
Published: August 2024

SummaryConsidering the existence of time delay and interval uncertainty, a set‐membership state estimation problem based on zonotopes is studied for discrete‐time switched systems subject to unknown but bounded noises. To conform the actual situation, a state observer asynchronous with the subsystem is designed. The performance is introduced to attenuate the effect of noises in the observer design. By dealing with the interval uncertainty, the design approach of observer is given and transformed into a convex optimization problem which can be solved off‐line. The zonotope and the estimation interval containing state are provided based on the observer. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Distributed adaptive event‐triggered consensus of switched nonlinear multi‐agent systems with state and input delays
Authors: Liu Siwen , Li Shi 
Published: August 2024

SummaryIn this article, for switched nonlinear time‐delay multi‐agent systems (MASs) under directed graphs, an adaptive event‐triggered (ET) consensus problem is investigated. Each agent's switching signal is allowed to be arbitrary and asynchronous. To save communication resources, an adaptive ET consensus strategy is designed. In addition, the Pade approximation approach is introduced to transform the system into an input delay‐free system. A Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is employed to analyze the effect of time‐varying delays on system stability. It is proved that the consensus errors of switched NMASs are bounded, and the Zeno behavior does not exist. Finally, the presented strategy's effectiveness is verified by simulation results.
Enhanced Photodetection and Air Stability of Lead‐Free Tin Perovskite Photodiodes via Germanium Incorporation and Organic Cation‐Mediated Dimensionality Control
Authors: Nam Jeong‐Seok , Jang Woongsik , Han Jiye , Kim Byung Gi , Lim Ji Hyun , Kim Dawoon , Chung In , Wang Dong Hwan , Jeon Il 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work presents the advancement of lead‐free tin perovskite photodiodes in terms of their photodetection and air stability by incorporating germanium (Ge) and ethylenediamine (EDA) to formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3). EDA0.01FA0.98SnI3:Ge‐based photodiodes demonstrate a significantly improved specific detectivity (1.6 × 1012 Jones at −0.1 V), cut‐off frequency (6.6 × 105 Hz), response speed (0.53 µs), and signal‐to‐noise ratio (45 dB) compared with control devices. The superior performance is attributed to the stronger Ge─I bond, the passivation of Sn2+ and I– vacancies by smaller Ge2+ ions, the promotion of a fully 3D perovskite structure, the elevation of the conduction band energy level, and the formation of a protective GeO layer. Various film analyses, including X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV photoelectron spectroscopy, density functional theory, as well as device testing using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and voltage‐dependent admittance, support and explain the mechanisms behind the enhancements. Ge‐ and EDA‐incorporated photodiodes exhibit excellent air stability, as evidenced by the time‐dependent ultraviolet visible spectra and the considerably high certified power conversion efficiency without encapsulation in air, demonstrating their potential for practical applications. The obtained photodetection performance is highest among the published lead‐free tin‐based perovskite photodetectors, presenting a monumental progress from the previous report of the same group.