bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensorial evolution of cassava flour (Manihot esculenta crantz) added to protein concentrate cassava leaves
Authors: Lima Elaine C. S. , Feijo Márcia B. S. , Freitas Maria C. J. , dos Santos Edna R. , Sabaa‐Srur Armando U. O. , Moura Luciana S. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCassava is regarded as the nutritional base of populations in developing countries, and flour, product made of cassava, is the most consumed in the world. The cassava leaves are very rich in vegetable proteins, but a big amount is lost in processing the crop. The objective of this study was to do a sensory evaluation of cassava flour to which a protein concentrate obtained from cassava leaves (CPML) was added. The CPML was obtained from cassava leaves by isoelectric precipitation and added to cassava paste for preparation of flour in three parts 2.5, 5, and 10%. The acceptance test was done by 93 consumers of flour, using hedonic scale of 7 points to evaluate characteristics like color, scent, flavor, bitterness, texture, and overall score. By the method of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), eight trained tasters evaluated the following characteristics: whitish color, greenish color, cassava flavor, bitter flavor, characteristic flavor, lumpiness, raw texture, leaf scent, and cassava scent. The acceptability test indicated that flour cassava with 2.5 was preferred. Whitish color, greenish color, cassava flavor, bitter flavor, salty flavor, characteristic flavor, lumpiness texture, raw texture, and the smell of the leaves and cassava flour were the main descriptors defined for flour cassava with CPML has better characteristics.
Chemical characterization of commercial liquid smoke products
Authors: Montazeri Naim , Oliveira Alexandra C. M. , Himelbloom Brian H. , Leigh Mary Beth , Crapo Charles A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine important chemical characteristics of a full‐strength liquid smoke, Code 10‐Poly, and three refined liquid smoke products (AM‐3, AM‐10 and 1291) commercially available (Kerry Ingredients and Flavors, Monterey, TN). The pH of the products were significantly different (P < 0.05) and ranged from 2.3 (Code 10‐Poly) to 5.7 (1291). The pH was inversely correlated with titratable acidity (R2 = 0.87), which was significantly different (P < 0.05) among products ranging from 10.3% acetic acid (Code 10‐Poly) to 0.7% acetic acid (1291). Total phenol content was quantified using the Gibbs reaction; the only liquid smoke containing appreciable level of phenolic compounds was Code 10‐Poly at 3.22 mg mL−1. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of liquid smoke dichloromethane extracts revealed that carbonyl‐containing compounds were major constituents of all products, in which 1‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, 2(5H)‐furanone, propanal and cyclopentenone predominated. Organic acids were detected by GC‐MS in all extracts and correlated positively (R2 = 0.98) with titratable acidity. The GC‐MS data showed that phenolic compounds constituted a major portion of Code 10‐Poly, and were detected only in trace quantities in 1291. The refined liquid smokes had lighter color, lower acidity, and reduced level of carbonyl‐containing compounds and organic acids. Our study revealed major differences in pH, titratable acidity, total phenol content, color and chemical make‐up of the full‐strength and refined liquid smokes. The three refined liquid smoke products studied have less flavor and color active compounds, when compared with the full‐strength product. Furthermore, the three refined products studied have unique chemical characteristics and will impart specific sensorial properties to food systems. Understanding the chemical composition of liquid smokes, be these refined or full‐strength products, is an important step to establish their functions and appropriate use in food systems.
Quantitative proteomics: A strategic ally to map protein interaction networks
Authors: Marcilla Miguel , Albar Juan Pablo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMany physiological processes are regulated by dynamic protein interaction networks whose characterization provides valuable information on cell biology. Several strategies can be used to analyze protein–protein interactions. Among them, affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry (AP‐MS) is arguably the most widely employed technique, not only owing to its high throughput and sensitivity but also because it can answer critical questions such as where, when, and how protein–protein interactions occur. In AP‐MS workflows, both the target protein and its interacting partners are isolated before being identified by MS. The main challenge of this approach is to distinguish bona fide binders from background contaminants. This review focuses on the different strategies designed to circumvent this limitation. In this regard, the combination of quantitative proteomics and affinity purification emerges as one of the most powerful, yet relatively simple, strategies to characterize protein–protein interactions. © IUBMB Life, 65(1):9–16, 2013
Internal friction in enzyme reactions
Authors: Rauscher Anna , Derényi Imre , Gráf László , Málnási‐Csizmadia András 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe empirical concept of internal friction was introduced 20 years ago. This review summarizes the results of experimental and theoretical studies that help to uncover the nature of internal friction. After the history of the concept, we describe the experimental challenges in measuring and interpreting internal friction based on the viscosity dependence of enzyme reactions. We also present speculations about the structural background of this viscosity dependence. Finally, some models about the relationship between the energy landscape and internal friction are outlined. Alternative concepts regarding the viscosity dependence of enzyme reactions are also discussed. ©2012 IUBMB Life, 65(1):35–42, 2013
Structure analysis of the global metabolic regulator Crc from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Wei Yong , Zhang Heng , Gao Zeng‐Qiang , Xu Jian‐Hua , Liu Quan‐Sheng , Dong Yu‐Hui 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe global metabolic regulator catabolite repression control (Crc) has recently been found to modulate the susceptibility to antibiotics and virulence in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and been suggested as a nonlethal target for novel antimicrobials. In P. aeruginosa, Crc couples with the CA motifs from the small RNA CrcZ to form a post‐transcriptional regulator system and is removed from the 5′‐end of the target mRNAs. In this study, we first reported the crystal structure of Crc from P. aeruginosa refined to 2.20 Å. The structure showed that it consists of two halves with similar overall topology and there are 11 β strands surrounded by 13 helices, forming a four‐layered α/β‐sandwich. The circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that it is thermostable in solution and shares similar characteristics to that in crystal. Comprehensive structural analysis and comparison with the homologies of Crc showed high similarity with several known nucleases and consequently may be classified into a member exodeoxyribonuclease III. However, it shows distinct substrate specificity (RNA as the preferred substrate) compared to these DNA endonucleases. Structural comparisons also revealed potential RNA recognition and binding region mainly consisting of five flexible loops. Our structure study provided the basis for the future application of Crc as a target to develop new antibiotics. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 65(1):50–57, 2013
Recombinant human CXCL8(3‐72)K11R/G31P regulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through blockage of interleukin‐8 receptor
Authors: Qin YuanHua , Fan FuShun , Zhao Ying , Cui Ying , Wei XiaoQing , Kohama Kazuhiro , Gordon John R. , Li Fang , Gao Ying 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with multiple contributing factors. Hyperlipidemia is one of the major independent risks, and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), as an inflammatory factor, plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. The aims of the study were to examine the therapeutic efficacy of G31P, an antagonist of IL‐8 receptor, with a mouse model of hyperlipidemia and the potential mechanisms of G31P through the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration in a cell line. In vivo study: Male BALB/c mice were fed a high‐fat diet for 6 months. G31P was injected subcutaneously. Blood keratinocyte chemoattractant, lipid profile, and aorta expression of inflammatory factors, matrix metalloproteinases, MMP2 and MMP9 were investigated. In vitro study: A7R5 cells were treated with IL‐8 with/without G31P. Cell proliferation and migration were investigated. G31P significantly suppressed the hyperlipidermia‐induced abnormal lipid profile and increased IL‐8, proinflammatory factor, MMP2 and MMP9 expression. G31P also inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate the potential therapeutic effects of G31P in preventing the development of atherosclerosis by antagonizing IL‐8 receptor and decreasing the biologic activity of IL‐8. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 65(1):67–75, 2013
Toward an understanding of immune cell sociology: real‐time monitoring of cytokine secretion at the single‐cell level
Authors: Shirasaki Yoshitaka , Yamagishi Mai , Shimura Nanako , Hijikata Atsushi , Ohara Osamu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe immune system is a very complex and dynamic cellular system, and its intricacies are considered akin to those of human society. Disturbance of homeostasis of the immune system results in various types of diseases; therefore, the homeostatic mechanism of the immune system has long been a subject of great interest in biology, and a lot of information has been accumulated at the cellular and the molecular levels. However, the sociological aspects of the immune system remain too abstract to address because of its high complexity, which mainly originates from a large number and variety of cell–cell interactions. As long‐range interactions mediated by cytokines play a key role in the homeostasis of the immune system, cytokine secretion analyses, ranging from analyses of the micro level of individual cells to the macro level of a bulk of cell ensembles, provide us with a solid basis of a sociological viewpoint of the immune system. In this review, as the first step toward a comprehensive understanding of immune cell sociology, cytokine secretion of immune cells is surveyed with a special emphasis on the single‐cell level, which has been overlooked but should serve as a basis of immune cell sociology. Now that it has become evident that large cell‐to‐cell variations in cytokine secretion exist at the single‐cell level, we face a tricky yet interesting question: How is homeostasis maintained when the system is composed of intrinsically noisy agents? In this context, we discuss how the heterogeneity of cytokine secretion at the single‐cell level affects our view of immune cell sociology. While the apparent inconsistency between homeostasis and cell‐to‐cell heterogeneity is difficult to address by a conventional reductive approach, comparison and integration of single‐cell data with macroscopic data will offer us a new direction for the comprehensive understanding of immune cell sociology. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 65(1):28–34, 2013
Opportunities for protein interaction network‐guided cellular engineering
Authors: Wright Phillip C. , Jaffe Stephen , Noirel Josselin , Zou Xin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAs we move further into the postgenomics age where the mountain of systems biology‐generated data keeps growing, as does the number of genomes that have been sequenced, we have the exciting opportunity to understand more deeply the biology of important systems, those that are amenable to genetic manipulation and metabolic engineering. This is, of course, if we can make ‘head or tail’ of what we have measured and use this for robust predictions. The use of modern mass spectrometry tools has greatly facilitated our understanding of which proteins are present in a particular phenotype, their relative and absolute abundances and their state of modifications. Coupled with modern bioinformatics and systems biology modelling tools, this has the opportunity of not just providing information and understanding but also to provide targets for engineering and suggest new genetic/metabolic designs. Cellular engineering, whether it be via metabolic engineering, synthetic biology or a combination of both approaches, offers exciting potential for biotechnological exploitation in fields as diverse as medicine and energy as well as fine and bulk chemicals production. At the heart of such effective designs, proteins' interactions with other proteins or with DNA will become increasingly important. In this work, we examine the work done until now in protein–protein interactions and how this network knowledge can be used to inform ambitious cellular engineering strategies. Some examples demonstrating small molecules/biofuels and biopharmaceuticals applications are presented. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 65(1):17–27, 2013
Artificial lymphatic drainage systems for vascularized microfluidic scaffolds
Authors: Wong Keith H. K. , Truslow James G. , Khankhel Aimal H. , Chan Kelvin L. S. , Tien Joe 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe formation of a stably perfused microvasculature continues to be a major challenge in tissue engineering. Previous work has suggested the importance of a sufficiently large transmural pressure in maintaining vascular stability and perfusion. Here we show that a system of empty channels that provides a drainage function analogous to that of lymphatic microvasculature in vivo can stabilize vascular adhesion and maintain perfusion rate in dense, hydraulically resistive fibrin scaffolds in vitro. In the absence of drainage, endothelial delamination increased as scaffold density increased from 6 to 30 mg/mL and scaffold hydraulic conductivity decreased by a factor of 20. Single drainage channels exerted only localized vascular stabilization, the extent of which depended on the distance between vessel and drainage as well as scaffold density. Computational modeling of these experiments yielded an estimate of 0.40–1.36 cm H2O for the minimum transmural pressure required for vascular stability. We further designed and constructed fibrin patches (0.8 × 0.9 cm2) that were perfused by a parallel array of vessels and drained by an orthogonal array of drainage channels; only with the drainage did the vessels display long‐term stability and perfusion. This work underscores the importance of drainage in vascularization, especially when a dense, hydraulically resistive scaffold is used. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Enzymatic saccharification of acid–alkali pretreated sugarcane bagasse using commercial enzyme preparations
Authors: Giese Ellen C. , Pierozzi Maurício , Dussán Kelly J. , Chandel Anuj K. , da Silva Silvio S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to second generation ethanol has the potential to replace some fossil fuels. Sugarcane bagasse (SB) is a readily available feedstock for ethanol production. The aim of this work was to study the enzymatic saccharification of consecutively acid–alkali pretreated SB using different commercial enzyme preparations.ResultsUnder the most favourable enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, a maximum sugar recovery of 0.89 g of reducing sugars g‐1 acid–alkali pretreated SB was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the structural disruption in the SB morphology after acid–alkali pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis.ConclusionThese results improve research strategies and show the susceptibility of SB under different enzymatic actions. This is thought to be the first report on utilization of cellulase AF28918 for SB saccharification into fermentable sugars.
Three‐Dimensional Locations of Destinations Have Species‐Dependent Effects on the Choice of Paths and the Gap‐Bridging Performance of Arboreal Snakes
Authors: Hoefer K. Marie , Jayne Bruce C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractChallenges for moving in arboreal environments include sizable gaps and variable three‐dimensional locations between the discrete destinations created by branches. Different three‐dimensional orientations of the body change the mechanical demands of crossing gaps, especially for elongate animals, but these effects on both the maximal gap distance crossed (Gapmax) and the choice of destinations are poorly understood despite many animals frequently encountering these circumstances. We tested and compared the effects of three‐dimensional gap location on the bridging ability of three species of snakes with similar length but moderately stout (Boa constrictor), intermediate (Pantherophis guttatus) or slender (Boiga irregularis) shapes, and we tested for bias in choice of destinations for the latter two species. The effects of both gap location and species on Gapmax were highly significant, and the rank order of species from greatest to least Gapmax was often from the most slender to the stoutest species. Although the effects of yaw (horizontal) angles were statistically significant, they were small compared to those of pitch (vertical) angles, which created nearly twofold variation in the values of Gapmax within each species. The greatest values of Gapmax occurred when snakes went straight down. Within a horizontal plane, P. guttatus and B. irregularis had similar preferences for choosing gaps with smaller yaw angles. However, when pitch angle was varied, P. guttatus preferred lower destinations, whereas B. irregularis preferred higher destinations. Thus, despite quite uniform effects of gap location on bridging abilities and torques acting on the animals, some preferences for locations were species specific. J. Exp. Zool. 319A:124–137, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of wind energy development on breeding duck densities in the Prairie Pothole Region
Authors: Loesch Charles R. , Walker Johann A. , Reynolds Ronald E. , Gleason Jeffrey S. , Niemuth Neal D. , Stephens Scott E. , Erickson Michael A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIndustrial wind energy production is a relatively new phenomenon in the Prairie Pothole Region and given the predicted future development, it has the potential to affect large land areas. The effects of wind energy development on breeding duck pair use of wetlands in proximity to wind turbines were unknown. During springs 2008–2010, we conducted surveys of breeding duck pairs for 5 species of dabbling ducks in 2 wind energy production sites (wind) and 2 paired reference sites (reference) without wind energy development located in the Missouri Coteau of North Dakota and South Dakota, USA. We conducted 10,338 wetland visits and observed 15,760 breeding duck pairs. Estimated densities of duck pairs on wetlands in wind sites were lower for 26 of 30 site, species, and year combinations and of these 16 had 95% credible intervals that did not overlap zero and resulted in a 4–56% reduction in breeding pairs. The negative median displacement observed in this study (21%) may influence the prioritization of grassland and wetland resources for conservation when existing decision support tools based on breeding‐pair density are used. However, for the 2 wind study sites, priority was not reduced. We were unable to directly assess the potential for cumulative impacts and recommend long‐term, large‐scale waterfowl studies to reduce the uncertainty related to effects of broad‐scale wind energy development on both abundance and demographic rates of breeding duck populations. In addition, continued dialogue between waterfowl conservation groups and wind energy developers is necessary to develop conservation strategies to mitigate potential negative effects of wind energy development on duck populations. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Factors influencing the reaction of mountain goats towards all‐terrain vehicles
Authors: St‐Louis Antoine , Hamel Sandra , Mainguy Julien , Côté Steeve D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe increasing popularity of recreational activities in the wild has led to concerns about their potential impacts on wildlife. All‐terrain vehicles (ATVs) often bring people into wildlife habitats, where they may disturb animal populations. We assessed the influence of ATVs on the behavior of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) in a long‐term study population at Caw Ridge, Alberta, Canada. We used multinomial models containing environment‐, disturbance‐, and group‐related factors, to evaluate the response of mountain goats to the approach of ATVs. Goats were moderately to strongly disturbed by ATVs 44% of the time, and disturbance levels were mainly influenced by the direction and speed of the approaching vehicles. Environment‐ or group‐related factors (e.g., time of year, distance to escape terrain, group size or type) did not affect mountain goat responses to ATVs. Because goat reactions were influenced by disturbance‐level factors, we propose mitigating measures regarding the use of ATVs in the wild to minimize the disturbance to mountain goats, and potentially other alpine ungulates. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Simulating density‐dependent relationships in south Texas northern bobwhite populations
Authors: DeMaso Stephen J. , Sands Joseph P. , Brennan Leonard A. , Hernández Fidel , Deyoung Randy W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDensity dependence influences northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) reproduction and overwinter mortality. However, the functional forms of these density‐dependent relationships or the factors that influence them during the annual life cycle events of this bird are not clear. We used a systems analysis approach with a compartment model based on difference equations (Δt = 3 months) for bobwhites in South Texas to simulate population behavior using 16 different functional forms of density‐dependent production and overwinter mortality. During the reproductive season, a weak linear density‐dependent relationship resulted in the longest population persistence (up to 100.0 yr), whereas a reverse‐sigmoid density‐dependent relationship had the worst population persistence (2.5–3.5 yr). Regarding overwinter mortality, a sigmoid or weak linear density‐dependent relationship and a weak linear or no density‐dependent reproduction relationship had the longest population persistence (87.5–100.0 yr). Weak linear density‐dependent reproduction with either sigmoid or weak linear overwinter mortality produced stable fall population trends. Our results indicated that density dependence may have a greater influence on overwinter survival of bobwhites than previously thought. Inclusion of density‐dependent functional relationships that represent both density‐dependent reproduction and overwinter mortality, were critical for our simulation model to function properly. Therefore, integrating density‐dependent relationships for both reproductive and overwinter periods of the annual cycle of bobwhite life history events is essential for conducting realistic bobwhite population simulation analyses that can be used to test different management scenarios in an integrated and interdisciplinary manner. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.