bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Nulliparous Women's Body Mass Index or Excessive Weight Gain in Pregnancy on Genital Tract Trauma at Birth
Authors: Gallagher Kelly , Migliaccio Laura , Rogers Rebecca G. , Leeman Lawrence , Hervey Elizabeth , Qualls Clifford 
Published: March 2014

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to explore the impact of body mass index (BMI) or pregnancy weight gain on the presence, site, and severity of genital tract trauma at childbirth in nulliparous women.MethodsThe present study is a subanalysis of a prospective cohort of healthy nulliparous women recruited during pregnancy and followed through birth. Weight gain during pregnancy and prepregnancy BMI were recorded. At birth, women underwent detailed mapping of genital tract trauma. For analyses, women were dichotomized into obese (BMI ≥ 30) versus nonobese (BMI < 30) at baseline as well as into those who gained weight as recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and those who gained more than the recommended amount to determine the impact of obesity or excessive weight gain on rates of genital tract trauma.ResultsData from 445 women were available for analysis. Presence and severity of genital tract trauma did not vary between obese and nonobese women (51% vs 53%, P = .64). Likewise, women who had more than the IOM‐recommended weight gain did not have a higher incidence of perineal lacerations (52% versus 53% with perineal lacerations, P = .69). Obese women were more likely to gain in excess of the IOM guidelines during pregnancy (75% vs 50% excessive weight gain in obese vs nonobese women, respectively; P < .001).DiscussionA woman's BMI or excessive weight gain in pregnancy did not influence her risk of genital tract trauma at birth.
Alterations in STriatal‐Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase expression, activation, and downstream signaling in early and late stages of the YAC128 Huntington's disease mouse model
Authors: Gladding Clare M. , Fan Jing , Zhang Lily Y. J. , Wang Liang , Xu Jian , Li Edward H. Y. , Lombroso Paul J. , Raymond Lynn A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractStriatal neurodegeneration and synaptic dysfunction in Huntington's disease are mediated by the mutant huntingtin (mHtt) protein. MHtt disrupts calcium homeostasis and facilitates excitotoxicity, in part by altering NMDA receptor (NMDAR) trafficking and function. Pre‐symptomatic (excitotoxin‐sensitive) transgenic mice expressing full‐length human mHtt with 128 polyglutamine repeats (YAC128 Huntington's disease mice) show increased calpain activity and extrasynaptic NMDAR (Ex‐NMDAR) localization and signaling. Furthermore, Ex‐NMDAR stimulation facilitates excitotoxicity in wild‐type cortical neurons via calpain‐mediated cleavage of STriatal‐Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase 61 (STEP61). The cleavage product, STEP33, cannot dephosphorylate p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), thereby augmenting apoptotic signaling. Here, we show elevated extrasynaptic calpain‐mediated cleavage of STEP61 and p38 phosphorylation, as well as STEP61 inactivation and reduced extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase 1/2 phosphorylation (ERK1/2) in the striatum of 6‐week‐old, excitotoxin‐sensitive YAC128 mice. Calpain inhibition reduced basal and NMDA‐induced STEP61 cleavage. However, basal p38 phosphorylation was normalized by a peptide disrupting NMDAR‐post‐synaptic density protein‐95 (PSD‐95) binding but not by calpain inhibition. In 1‐year‐old excitotoxin‐resistant YAC128 mice, STEP33 levels were not elevated, but STEP61 inactivation and p38 and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation levels were increased. These results show that in YAC128 striatal tissue, enhanced NMDAR–PSD‐95 interactions contributes to elevated p38 signaling in early, excitotoxin‐sensitive stages, and suggest that STEP61 inactivation enhances MAPK signaling at late, excitotoxin‐resistant stages.
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The YAC128 Huntington's disease mouse model shows early, enhanced susceptibility to NMDA receptor‐mediated striatal apoptosis, progressing to late‐stage excitotoxicity resistance. This study shows that elevated NMDA receptor–PSD‐95 interactions as well as decreased extrasynaptic STriatal‐Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase 61 (STEP61) activation may contribute to early enhanced apoptotic signaling. In late‐stage YAC128 mice, reduced STEP61 levels and activity correlate with elevated MAPK signaling, consistent with excitotoxicity resistance. Solid and dotted arrows indicate conclusions drawn from the current study and other literature, respectively.
Inhibition of striatal‐enriched tyrosine phosphatase 61 in the dorsomedial striatum is sufficient to increased ethanol consumption
Authors: Darcq Emmanuel , Hamida Sami Ben , Wu Su , Phamluong Khanky , Kharazia Viktor , Xu Jian , Lombroso Paul , Ron Dorit 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe STriatal‐Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase 61 (STEP61) inhibits the activity of the tyrosine kinase Fyn and dephosphorylates the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor, whereas the protein kinase A phosphorylation of STEP61 inhibits the activity of the phosphatase (Pharmacol. Rev., 64, , p. 65). Previously, we found that ethanol activates Fyn in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) leading to GluN2B phosphorylation, which, in turn, underlies the development of ethanol intake (J. Neurosci., 30, , p. 10187). Here, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of STEP61 by ethanol is upstream of Fyn/GluN2B. We show that exposure of mice to ethanol increased STEP61 phosphorylation in the DMS, which was maintained after withdrawal and was not observed in other striatal regions. Specific knockdown of STEP61 in the DMS of mice enhanced ethanol‐mediated Fyn activation and GluN2B phosphorylation, and increased ethanol intake without altering the level of water, saccharine, quinine consumption or spontaneous locomotor activity. Together, our data suggest that blockade of STEP61 activity in response to ethanol is sufficient for the activation of the Fyn/GluN2B pathway in the DMS. Being upstream of Fyn and GluN2B, inactive STEP61 in the DMS primes the induction of ethanol intake.
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We show that ethanol‐mediated inhibition of STEP61 in the DMS leads to Fyn activation and GluN2B phosphorylation. (a) Under basal conditions, active STEP61 inhibits Fyn activity and dephosphorylates GluN2B. (b) Ethanol leads to the phosphorylation of STEP61 on a specific inhibitory site. The inhibition of STEP61 activity contributes to the activation of Fyn in response to ethanol, which, in turn, phosphorylates GluN2B. These molecular adaptations in the DMS promote ethanol drinking.
3D Electrospun scaffolds promote a cytotrophic phenotype of cultured primary astrocytes
Authors: Lau Chew L. , Kovacevic Michelle , Tingleff Tine S. , Forsythe John S. , Cate Holly S. , Merlo Daniel , Cederfur Cecilia , Maclean Francesca L. , Parish Clare L. , Horne Malcolm K. , Nisbet David R. , Beart Philip M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAstrocytes are a target for regenerative neurobiology because in brain injury their phenotype arbitrates brain integrity, neuronal death and subsequent repair and reconstruction. We explored the ability of 3D scaffolds to direct astrocytes into phenotypes with the potential to support neuronal survival. Poly‐ε‐caprolactone scaffolds were electrospun with random and aligned fibre orientations on which murine astrocytes were sub‐cultured and analysed at 4 and 12 DIV. Astrocytes survived, proliferated and migrated into scaffolds adopting 3D morphologies, mimickingin vivostellated phenotypes. Cells on random poly‐ε‐caprolactone scaffolds grew as circular colonies extending processes deep within sub‐micron fibres, whereas astrocytes on aligned scaffolds exhibited rectangular colonies with processes following not only the direction of fibre alignment but also penetrating the scaffold. Cell viability was maintained over 12 DIV, and cytochemistry for F‐/G‐actin showed fewer stress fibres on bioscaffolds relative to 2D astrocytes. Reduced cytoskeletal stress was confirmed by the decreased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. PCR demonstrated up‐regulation of genes (excitatory amino acid transporter 2, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and anti‐oxidant) reflecting healthy biologies of mature astrocytes in our extended culture protocol. This study illustrates the therapeutic potential of bioengineering strategies using 3D electrospun scaffolds which direct astrocytes into phenotypes supporting brain repair.imageAstrocytes exist in phenotypes with pro‐survival and destructive components, and their biology can be modulated by changing phenotype. Our findings demonstrate murine astrocytes adopt a healthy phenotype when cultured in 3D. Astrocytes proliferate and extend into poly‐ε‐caprolactone scaffolds displaying 3D stellated morphologies with reduced GFAP expression and actin stress fibres, plus a cytotrophic gene profile. Bioengineered 3D scaffolds have potential to direct inflammation to aid regenerative neurobiology.
Application of routine electronic health record databases for pharmacogenetic research
Authors: Yasmina A. , Deneer V. H. M. , Maitland‐van der Zee A. H. , van Staa T. P. , de Boer A. , Klungel O.H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInter‐individual variability in drug responses is a common problem in pharmacotherapy. Several factors (non‐genetic and genetic) influence drug responses in patients. When aiming to obtain an optimal benefit–risk ratio of medicines and with the emergence of genotyping technology, pharmacogenetic studies are important for providing recommendations on drug treatments. Advances in electronic healthcare information systems can contribute to increasing the quality and efficiency of such studies. This review describes the definition of pharmacogenetics, gene selection and study design for pharmacogenetic research. It also summarizes the potential of linking pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacogenetics (along with its strengths and limitations) and provides examples of pharmacogenetic studies utilizing electronic health record databases.
The collagen cross‐linking enzyme lysyl oxidase is associated with the healing of human atherosclerotic lesions
Authors: Ovchinnikova O. A. , Folkersen L. , Persson J. , Lindeman J. H. N. , Ueland T. , Aukrust P. , Gavrisheva N. , Shlyakhto E. , Paulsson‐Berne G. , Hedin U. , Olofsson P. S. , Hansson G. K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundAcute clinical complications of atherosclerosis such as myocardial infarction (MI) and ischaemic stroke are usually caused by thrombus formation on the ruptured plaque surface. Collagen, the main structural protein of the fibrous cap, provides mechanical strength to the atherosclerotic plaque. The integrity of the fibrous cap depends on collagen fibre cross‐linking, a process controlled by the enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX).Methods and resultsWe studied atherosclerotic plaques from human carotid endarterectomies. LOX was strongly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and detected in the regions with ongoing fibrogenesis. Higher LOX levels were associated with a more stable phenotype of the plaque. In the studied population, LOX mRNA levels in carotid plaques predicted the risk for future MI. Within the lesion, LOX mRNA levels correlated positively with levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and negatively with markers of immune activation. The amount of LOX‐mediated collagen cross‐links in plaques correlated positively also with serum levels of OPG.ConclusionsLysyl oxidase may contribute to the healing of atherosclerotic lesions and to the prevention of its lethal complications. Mediators of inflammation may control LOX expression in plaques and hence plaque stability.
DO FLOODS HAVE PERMANENT EFFECTS? EVIDENCE FROM THE NETHERLANDS
Authors: Husby Trond G. , de Groot Henri L.F. , Hofkes Marjan W. , Dröes Martijn I. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the short‐ and long‐run impact on population dynamics of the major flood in the Netherlands in 1953. A dynamic difference‐in‐differences analysis reveals that the flood had an immediate negative impact on population growth, but limited long‐term effects. In contrast, the resulting flood protection program (Deltaworks), had a persisting positive effect on population growth. As a result, there has been an increase in population in flood‐prone areas. Our results suggest a moral hazard effect of flood mitigation leading to more people locating in flood‐prone areas, increasing potential disaster costs.
THE PUBLIC FINANCING OF AMERICA'S LARGEST CITIES: A STUDY OF CITY FINANCIAL RECORDS IN THE WAKE OF THE GREAT RECESSION
Authors: Ross Justin , Yan Wenli , Johnson Craig 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper employs Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports of the 35 largest population American cities from 2005 to 2011 to examine how these cities managed the Great Recession, which was a global macroeconomic shock particularly damaging to the housing sector. While broader surveys of local government suggest that the Great Recession has been associated with substantive revenue declines, particularly via the property tax, the Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports data indicate that large cities remained relatively stable in revenue by using higher property taxes to compensate for other revenue declines. Furthermore, these cities were able to rely on their net assets to engage in deficit spending. These findings indicate that cities are relying on traditional strengths of local governments, but are also able to engage in the deficit spending that is typically characteristic of national governments. It also seems to be the case that grants for capital projects were largely transferred into highly liquid and spendable assets.
Enhanced response using a multicomponent urine alarm treatment for nocturnal enuresis
Authors: Axelrod Michael I. , Tornehl Christopher , Fontanini‐Axelrod Angela 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeThe current study investigated the effects of using the combination of a urine alarm and simple reward system to treat nocturnal enuresis (NE) for three children who failed to fully respond to the urine alarm alone.Design and MethodsA withdrawal design (i.e., ABACA) embedded within a delayed multiple baseline design across participants was used to evaluate the effects of the urine alarm alone and in combination with a reward system on participants' frequency of wet nights per week. Results were analyzed through visual and descriptive methods.ResultsThe urine alarm in combination with a reward system resulted in improvements in all three participants' NE. These results are contrasted with the urine alarm alone, which produced less frequent dry nights.Practice ImplicationsNursing professionals in primary care settings are positioned to provide evidence‐based treatment recommendations to families with children with NE. Findings from the current study provide a promising approach to the treatment of NE for those children who fail to respond fully to the urine alarm.
Pathways Involving Beta‐3 Adrenergic Receptors Modulate Cold Stress‐Induced Detrusor Overactivity in Conscious Rats
Authors: IMAMURA Tetsuya , ISHIZUKA Osamu , OGAWA Teruyuki , YAMAGISHI Takahiro , YOKOYAMA Hitoshi , MINAGAWA Tomonori , NAKAZAWA Masaki , NISHIZAWA Osamu 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate pathways involving beta‐3 adrenergic receptors (ARs) in detrusor overactivity induced by cold stress, we determined if the beta‐3 AR agonist CL316243 could modulate the cold stress‐induced detrusor overactivity in normal rats.MethodsTwo days prior to cystometric investigations, the bladders of 10‐week‐old female Sprague–Dawley rats were cannulated. Cystometric measurements of the unanesthetized, unrestricted rats were taken to estimate baseline values at room temperature (RT, 27 ± 2 °C) for 20 min. They were then intravenously administered vehicle, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/kg CL316243 (n = 6 in each group). Five minutes after the treatments, they were gently and quickly transferred to the low temperature (LT, 4 ± 2 °C) room for 40 min where the cystometric measurements were again made. Afterward, the rats were returned to RT for final cystometric measurements. The cystometric effects of CL316243 were also measured at RT (n = 6 in each group).ResultsAt RT, both low and high dose of CL316243 decreased basal and micturition pressure while the high dose (1.0 mg/kg) significantly increased voiding interval and bladder capacity. During LT exposure, the high dose of CL316243 partially reduced cold stress‐induced detrusor overactivity characterized by increased basal pressure and urinary frequency. The high drug dose also significantly inhibited the decreases of both voiding interval and bladder capacity compared to the vehicle‐ and low dose (0.1 mg/kg)‐treated rats.ConclusionA high dose of the beta‐3 agonist CL316243 could modulate cold stress‐induced detrusor overactivity. Therefore, one of the mechanisms in cold stress‐induced detrusor overactivity includes a pathway involving beta‐3 ARs.
Petrogenesis of anomalous Queen Alexandra Range enstatite meteorites and their relation to enstatite chondrites, primitive enstatite achondrites, and aubrites
Authors: van Niekerk Deon , Keil Klaus , Humayun Munir 
Published: March 2014

AbstractQueen Alexandra Range (QUE) meteorite 94204 is an anomalous enstatite meteorite whose petrogenesis has been ascribed to either partial melting or impact melting. We studied the meteorite pairs QUE 94204, 97289/97348, 99059/99122/99157/99158/99387, and Yamato (Y)‐793225; these were previously suggested to represent a new grouplet. We present new data for mineral abundances, mineral chemistries, and siderophile trace element compositions (of Fe,Ni metal) in these meteorites. We find that the texture and composition of Y‐793225 are related to EL6, and that this meteorite is unrelated to the QUEs. The mineralogy and siderophile element compositions of the QUEs are consistent with petrogenesis from an enstatite chondrite precursor. We caution that potential re‐equilibration during melting and recrystallization of enstatite chondrite melt‐rocks make it unreliable to use mineral chemistries to assign a specific parent body affinity (i.e., EH or EL). The QUEs have similar mineral chemistries among themselves, while slight variations in texture and modal abundances exist between them. They are dominated by inclusion‐bearing millimeter‐sized enstatite (average En99.1–99.5) with interstitial spaces filled predominantly by oligoclase feldspar (sometimes zoned), kamacite (Si approximately 2.4 wt%), troilite (≤2.4 wt% Ti), and cristobalite. Siderophile elements that partition compatibly between solid metal and liquid metal are not enriched like in partial melt residues Itqiy and Northwest Africa (NWA) 2526. We find that the modal compositions of the QUEs are broadly unfractionated with respect to enstatite chondrites. We conclude that a petrogenesis by impact melting, not partial melting, is most consistent with our observations.
Soluble organic compounds in the Tagish Lake meteorite
Authors: Hilts Robert W. , Herd Christopher D. K. , Simkus Danielle N. , Slater Greg F. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe C2 ungrouped Tagish Lake meteorite preserves a range of lithologies, reflecting variable degrees of parent‐body aqueous alteration. Here, we report on soluble organic compounds, including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, monocarboxylic acids, and amino acids, found within specimens representative of the range of aqueous alteration. We find that differences in soluble organic compounds among the lithologies may be explained by oxidative, fluid‐assisted alteration, primarily involving the derivation of soluble organic compounds from macromolecular material. In contrast, amino acids probably evolved from precursor molecules, albeit in parallel with other soluble organic compounds. Our results demonstrate the role of parent‐body alteration in the modification of organic matter and generation of prebiotic compounds in the early solar system, and have implications for interpretation of the complement of soluble organic compounds in carbonaceous chondrites.
Calreticulin Protects Rat Microvascular Endothelial Cells against Microwave Radiation‐induced Injury by Attenuating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Li Wei‐Hong , Li Yu‐Zhen , Song Dan‐Dan , Wang Xiao‐Reng , Liu Mi , Wu Xu‐Dong , Liu Xiu‐Hua 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate whether exogenous CRT was beneficial for alleviating MR‐induced injury by suppressing ER stress in rat MMECs.MethodsMMECs were pretreated with CRT (25 pg/mL) for 12 hours, followed by the exposure to 2.856 GHz radiation at a mean power density of 30 mW/cm2 for six minutes. MR‐induced injury in MMECs was evaluated by LDH leakage, apoptosis, and cell viability analysis. The expression of GRP78, CRT, CHOP, Bcl‐2, and Bax were examined by Western blot analysis to reflect ER stress response and ER stress‐related apoptosis.ResultsMR induced marked MMECs injury, as shown by increased LDH leakage and apoptosis rate and decreased cell viability. MR also induced excessive ER stress, characterized by increased expression of GRP78 and CRT, and ER stress‐related apoptotic signaling as well, as shown by the upregulation of CHOP and Bax and the downregulation of Bcl‐2. Exogenous CRT pretreatment remarkably attenuated MR‐induced cell apoptosis and LDH leakage, ER stress, and activation of the ER stress‐related apoptotic signaling.ConclusionsExogenous CRT attenuates MR‐induced ER stress‐related apoptosis by suppressing CHOP‐mediated apoptotic signaling pathways in MMECs.
Rhodotorula glutinis meningitis: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Menon Sarala , Gupta H. R. , Sequeira R. , Chavan Shazia , Gholape D. , Amandeep S. , Bhilave N. , Chowdhary A. S. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryRhodotorula is ubiquitous saprophytic yeast belonging to phylum Basidiomycota. These encapsulated basidiomycetes are being increasingly recognised as important emerging human pathogens. There are scanty reports of meningitis caused by Rhodurorula spp in HIV infected patients. We present one such case of meningitis by Rhodutorula glutinis in HIV‐infected patient. The patient also had a past history of abdominal tuberculosis. The diagnosis of Rhodotorula was confirmed by Gram staining and culture of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Contamination was ruled out by repeated culturing of CSF from the same patient. Therapy with Amphotericin B showed good results. Patient was discharged from the hospital. However, in the seventh month of follow‐up patient was readmitted with complaints of fever, breathlessness, altered sensorium, vomiting and succumbed to his illness. This time the CSF cultures remained negative for Rhodotorula, acid fast bacilli and other pyogenic organisms. Our last 11‐year retrospective analysis of 8197 specimens received for mycological work‐up showed that this is the first report of R. glutinis isolation from our institute.