bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O PRINCÍPIO DA PROTEÇÃO AO DENUNCIANTE: PARÂMETROS INTERNACIONAIS E O DIREITO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Valles Bento Leonardo 
Published: August 2015

<p>O artigo trata do princípio da proteção ao denunciante, segundo o qual indivíduos que divulgam informações sobre atos ilegais ou prejudiciais ao interesse da sociedade devem receber proteção especial contra retaliação, perseguição ou tratamento discriminatório. Denunciantes expõem casos de corrupção, má administração e violações de direitos humanos, expondo-se a sérios riscos pessoais. Podem ser ameaçados, demitidos, processados, presos, ou mesmo agredidos. <br />O artigo expõe os parâmetros internacionais de proteção do denunciante, explora os critérios para um agente público romper com o sigilo funcional a fim de denunciar irregularidades e avalia criticamente a recepção daqueles parâmetros internacionais no ordenamento brasileiro. O artigo ilustra a aplicação do princípio aos casos WikiLeaks, elucidando situações de divulgação de informações sigilosas de interesse público por jornalistas e lideranças da sociedade, e Edward Snowden, refletindo acerca dos acordos de confidencialidade e à objeção de consciência do denunciante ao se deparar com ilegalidades ou violações <br />de direitos.</p>
Study of the effects of water content and temperature on polyacrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol interpenetrating network hydrogel performance by a molecular dynamics method
Authors: Wei Qinghua , Zhang Yingfeng , Wang Yanen , Chai Weihong , Yang Mingming , Zeng Wenxiao , Wang Meng 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An investigation of the molecular interaction within a hydrogel system was conducted using molecular dynamics simulation, and the interaction mechanism of a polyacrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol (PAM/PVA) hydrogel system was examined specifically at the molecular level. Several characteristics of the PAM/PVA composite hydrogel system that are largely dependent on water content and temperature were studied in this paper, such as cohesive energy density, binding energy, mechanical properties and pair correlation function. The cohesive energy density and binding energy of the hydrogel system increased with higher water content. Results also showed that increased temperatures led to a decrease in the cohesive energy density of the system, while binding energy remained unchanged. The mechanical properties of the system were evaluated by analyzing the static mechanic performance. Results showed that elastic coefficients, engineering modulus and ductility decreased with increasing water content and temperature. In addition, analysis of the pair correlation function revealed mainly hydrogen bonding interactions between H2O molecules and surrounding atoms or functional groups. Results also indicated that the strength of these hydrogen bonds was Owater>OPVA>OPAM>NPAM, confirming both the potential and the difficulty of hydrogen bond formation. The aforementioned findings help in understanding the interaction mechanisms between the components of a hydrogel system and in demonstrating the effects of water content and temperature on the PAM/PVA hydrogel system, which provides useful information on the possible operating windows of a biomedical hydrogel-making process.
Telling a story with (almost) no tenses: The structure of written narrative in Burmese
Authors: Ozerov Pavel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStudies of narrative in various European languages analyzed the discourse structure as an elaborate system of oppositions based on complex paradigms of TAM categories. However, for obvious reasons this approach is not applicable for languages like Burmese, whose paradigmatic sets of TAM categories are very limited. Hence, although manifold discourse structuring devices are identified and described for this kind of languages, rarely do they form a coherently structured system. This study aims at representing discourse structuring strategies of narration in written colloquial Burmese as consisting of three principal categories, mobilized to reveal different aspects of the otherwise concealed presence of speech act participants. This results in a deviation of the narration from its typical form of untouched retelling of objectively represented events along three parameters: (a) remoteness vs. “here-and-now” relevance, (b) objective vs. subjective representation and (c) monologue vs. dialogic settings of communication. The fine structure of narrative in Burmese is shown to be an outcome of the interaction of these functions.
I think your going to like me: Exploring the role of errors in email messages on assessments of potential housemates
Authors: Queen Robin , Boland Julie E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTwo experiments explored reader reaction to written errors that were either typographic or grammatical. Errors were embedded in short texts presented as email responses to a housemate ad. In the first experiment, readers evaluated the writer and message on several dimensions (e.g., Was the writer trustworthy? Did the email flow smoothly?). Those dimensions were divided into a “social” scale (e.g. “This student seems similar to me”) and an “academic” scale (e.g. “This email reads well”). Both kinds of error correlated with lower ratings on the academic scale while only grammatical errors correlated with lower ratings on the social scale. In the second experiment, readers were asked to edit the emails. In Experiment 1, paragraphs with either typographical or grammatical errors were both evaluated more negatively than fully correct paragraphs and the cost was mitigated by high levels of electronic communication, such as texting and using Facebook. In Experiment 2, typos were more likely to be corrected than either homophonous grammatical forms or hypercorrected forms. These results suggest that written errors, when they are salient, contribute to the social meaning of text. Furthermore, this contribution is modulated by at least some characteristics of the reader.
Multimodal analysis of quotation in oral narratives
Authors: Stec Kashmiri , Huiskes Mike , Redeker Gisela 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe investigate direct speech quotation in informal oral narratives by analyzing the contribution of
bodily articulators (character viewpoint gestures, character facial expression, character intonation, and the
meaningful use of gaze) in three quote environments, or quote sequences – single quotes, quoted monologues
and quoted dialogues – and in initial vs. non-initial position within those sequences. Our analysis draws on
findings from the linguistic and multimodal realization of quotation, where multiple articulators are often
observed to be co-produced with single direct speech quotes (e.g. Thompson & Suzuki 2014), especially on
the so-called left boundary of the quote (Sidnell 2006). We use logistic regression to model multimodal quote
production across and within quote sequences, and find unique sets of multimodal articulators accompanying
each quote sequence type. We do not, however, find unique sets of multimodal articulators which distinguish
initial from non-initial utterances; utterance position is instead predicted by type of quote and presence of a
quoting predicate. Our findings add to the growing body of research on multimodal quotation, and suggest that
the multimodal production of quotation is more sensitive to the number of characters and utterances which
are quoted than to the difference between introducing and maintaining a quoted characters’ perspective.
TiO2 hybrid photocatalytic systems: impact of adsorption and photocatalytic performance
Authors: Iman Amir Muhammad Nur , Julkapli Nurhidayatullaili Muhd , Bagheri Samira , Yousefi Amin Termeh 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFor the past 40 years, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials have attracted immense attention because of their potential applications in the photodegradation of organic pollutants, photocatalytic water splitting for H2generation, and dye-sensitized solar cells. Despite the fact that the potential applications of TiO2nanoparticles are ubiquitous, they are not problem free, examples include a large interfacial area that causes slow charge carrier transport, a wide optical band gap that leads to limited applications using solar light, and single-phase and nanoscales features that induce fast recombination of photo-reduced carriers. Therefore, this review highlights the development associated with the adsorption photocatalysis hybrid system for treating wastewater. The immobilization of TiO2photocatalysts in metal oxide, carbon, and ceramic materials to form TiO2hybrid systems could prevent the problem of particle recovery, adsorption capacity, and the separation process. Such hybrid systems require significant effort of optimizing the specific surface area-to-volume ratio of the supported photocatalysts with its photocatalytic activities.
Probability measures on fractal curves (probability distributions on the Vicsek fractal)
Authors: Pratsiovytyi Mykola V. , Kovalenko Valeriy M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this paper we study the structural, topological, metric
and fractal properties of the distribution of the complex-valued random
variable
ζ = ∑
k=0,...,∞ 23-k
εη
k

≡ Δη1,...$,η
k

where the indices η
k
are independent random variables taking the
values 0,1,2,3,4 with probabilities
p
0k
, p
1k
, p
2k
, p
3k
, p
4k
respectively, p

ik
≥ 0, p

ik
≥ 0, ∑
i=0,...,4
p

ik
= 1 for any k ∈ ℕ,
ε
m
= e

mπi/2 = im
(m = 0,1,2,3) are 4th roots
of unity, ε4 = 0.
We prove that the distribution of ζ is supported on a
self-similar fractal curve such that the branching index of every point
is equal to 2 or 4. We obtain conditions for the distribution of
ζ to be of pure type: discrete or singularly continuous with
respect to two-dimensional Lebesgue measure. In the case of discrete
distribution, the point spectrum is described. In the case of singular
distribution, we describe topological, metric and fractal properties
of minimal closed support (spectrum). We study in detail the case of
identically distributed indices. In particular, the mathematical
expectation and variance of the random variable are found.
Effect of Steam Addition on the Flow Field and NOx Emissions for Jet-A in an Aircraft Combustor
Authors: Xue Rui , Hu Chunbo , Nikolaidis Theoklis , Pilidis Pericle 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe steam injection technology for aircraft engines is gaining rising importance because of the strong limitations imposed by the legislation for NOx reduction in airports. In order to investigate the impact of steam addition on combustion and NOx emissions, an integrated performance-CFD-chemical reactor network (CRN) methodology was developed. The CFD results showed steam addition reduced the high temperature size and the radical pool moved downstream. Then different post-processing techniques are employed and CRN is generated to predict NOx emissions. This network consists of 14 chemical reactor elements and the results were in close agreement with the ICAO databank. The established CRN model was then used for steam addition study and the results showed under air/steam mixture atmosphere, high steam content could push the NOx formation region to the post-flame zone and a large amount of the NOx emission could be reduced when the steam mass fraction is quite high.
Zur Semantik pränominaler onymischer Genitivattribute
Authors: Peter Klaus 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In present-day German adnominal genitives usually appear postnominal (der Vortrag der Präsidentin), only genitives of proper names can be positioned before the head noun (Annas Vortrag). Since genitives of proper names also show different morphological and syntactic behaviour from genitives of appellatives and since they resemble in some of their characteristics possessive pronouns, it is controversial whether prenominal genitives in German should be considered an instance of a normal genitive case or if they have to be classified as possessive markers or possessive adjectives. Against this background, this paper focuses, on the basis of corpus data, on the semantics of prenominal genitives. It is shown that most of the prenominal genitives – be they anthroponyms or toponyms – in fact express a possessive or at least an agent-like role.
Glass Fracture Mechanism—A Rethinking
Authors: Thornton JI , Cashman PJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Conventional attitudes within the forensic science community concerning the fracturing of glass center around tensile failure of the glass, frequently depicted as a “bending” of the glass. While this is not conceptually incorrect, it represents only one case of a more universal phenomenon in which the tensile failure of glass does not necessarily involve any significant deflection of the glass. Tensile failure can be achieved with either quasi-static or dynamic loading of the glass. In quasi-static loading, tensile failure will initiate a fracture at the weakest point (that is, the locus of a Griffith crack), but the surfaces of this crack may be in optical contact, and thus no perceptible deformation of the glass would be required before failure. A consideration of dynamic loading is necessary to explain the “cratering” effect observed in moderate- to high-velocity projectile impact. In sharp dynamic loading (for example, a bullet impact) the tensile stress is provided by the reflection and subsequent interference of the compression waves which precede the passage of the projectile; this particular type of stress results in Hopkinson fractures, a multiplicity of which creates a crater. The dimensions and chamfering of projectile craters are a manifestation of the crack velocity propagation, and are not inherently a function of projectile velocity or caliber.
Lasers and Optical Spectroscopy in Questioned Document Examination
Authors: Sinor TW , Wilde JP , Everse KE , Menzel ER 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The use of in situ laser-luminescence and excitation spectroscopy for examination of questioned documents is investigated. It is found that such spectroscopy can at times discriminate between similar inks when conventional methods are unsuccessful. A particularly effective procedure for room temperature luminescence enhancement is presented and compared with luminescence at cryogenic temperatures.
Regression Analysis Applied to Shotgun Range-of-Fire Estimations: Results of a Blind Study
Authors: Fann CH , Ritter WA , Watts RH , Rowe WF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Blind studies were conducted to determine if data from one lot of shotgun ammunition could be used to estimate the range of fire of a pattern fired with another lot of ammunition. Thirty pellet patterns were test fired with 00 buckshot and No. 9 birdshot at ranges of 3.1 to 15.2 m (10 to 5o ft) using a 12-gage shotgun. Regression analyses were performed on the spreads of the pellet patterns (calculated as the square root of the area of the smallest rectangle that would enclose the pellet pattern). In both cases linear functions best described the relationship between the range of fire and the spread of a pellet pattern. For the blind study, ten pellet patterns were fired at randomly selected ranges using a different lot of No. 9 birdshot cartridges from that used to determine the regression equation. In the case of the 00 buckshot ammunition, ten pellet patterns were fired at randomly selected ranges using 00 buckshot cartridges from a lot different from that used to determine the regression equation; ten pellet patterns were also fired at randomly selected ranges using 00 buckshot cartridges produced by a different company. Six pellet patterns were fired at a range of 15.2 m (50 ft) with ammunition from each lot used to fire the questioned pellet patterns. The spreads of these pellet patterns were statistically different (at the 95% level) from those fired at the same range with the ammunition used to obtain the regression equations. The means of the spreads of these six pellet patterns were used to calculate scaling factors for the questioned pellet patterns. The scaled spreads of the questioned pellet patterns were inserted into the appropriate regression equation to obtain the estimated range of fire for each of the questioned patterns. The 99% confidence intervals for the estimated ranges of fire were also calculated using the results of the regression analyses. In all cases the actual range of fire for each questioned pellet pattern fell within the 99% confidence interval for the estimated range of fire.
Winchester Silvertip® Ammunition—A Study in Ordnance Gelatin
Authors: Ragsdale BD , Josselson AR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study of Winchester Silvertip® hollow point ammunition measures bullet velocity from production handguns and evaluates performance in ordnance gelation. Depth of penetration, size and shape of the temporary cavity, degree of radial fissuring along the missile track, and bullet expansion after impact are compared to nonhollow point ammunition of similar caliber. It is clear that hollow point bullets of this type create greater disturbance upon impact with tissue simulant than common commercial solid round nose ammunition as measured by temporary cavity size and radial fissuring. However, for all types of handgun ammunition there is a poor predictive correlation of radial fissuring with instantaneous temporary cavity size. Hollow point performance can be modified by various factors such as angle of incidence relative to target surface and prior deformation of the bullet tip. The elemental composition of bullet jackets and cores is not uniform throughout this product line.
3-Methoxytyramine in the Putamen as a Gauge of the Postmortem Interval
Authors: Sparks DL , Slevin JT , Hunsaker JC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The armamentarium of the forensic thanatologist includes the examiner's subjective assessment of bodily changes together with comprehensive evaluation of environmental and associated factors to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI). Of the various objective means, postmortem accumulation of potassium in vitreous humor is a widely used gauge. In view of the considerable variability inherent in these techniques, an additional marker with greater accuracy would be a welcome supplement to these indices.
We have developed a method of estimating PMI from the level of 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) in the dorsal putamen of the brain. The supernatent of a sample of putamen, sonicated in 6 volumes (weight/volume) of 0.1 M perchloric acid and centrifuged at 51 000 times gravity for 10 min, was analyzed for 3-MT using high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The change of 3-MT in the putamen is linearly related to the PMI (range: 5.5 to 60 h), irrespective of patient age (1 to 84 years). This observation is attributable to several factors, including high substrate (dopamine) concentration, preservation of catechol-O-methyl transferase activity, and an inactivation of monoamine oxidase activity, as a result of a decrease in tissue pO2.
Once More Unto the Breech: The Firearms Evidence in the Sacco and Vanzetti Case Revisited: Part II
Authors: Starrs JE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper is the second and concluding segment of a report and analysis of a 1983 reevaluation of the vast array of firearms evidence at the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti. As a backdrop to Part II, the background of the crime and the firearms evidence introduced at the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti was portrayed in Part I. This part seeks to sort out the charges and counter-charges of governmental misconduct or just plain negligence in the care and custody of the firearms evidence. The most often bruited claim that Bullet III (the mortal bullet) was somehow switched or tampered with is analyzed from every conceivable perspective. The author finds that the evidence and the arguments militate against the bullet switching hypothesis. A coda is attached which demonstrates, through the firearms evidence reevaluation, that Sacco can be linked to the crime, and even to the crime scene, through the cartridges found in his possession on his arrest.
The Use of Microspectrophotometry to Characterize Microscopic Amounts of Blood
Authors: Kotowski TM , Grieve MC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The use of a Nanospec 10 S microspectrophotometer to examine minute bloodstains is discussed. To satisfy criteria for chemical identity, absorption spectra were recorded before and after treatment of the blood with Takayama reagent. The technique is of value where only tiny particulate bloodstains are available for testing and in other specialized instances.
An Unusual Explosive, Triacetonetriperoxide (TATP)
Authors: Evans HK , Tulleners FAJ , Sanchez BL , Rasmussen CA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An unusual primary explosive, triacetonetriperoxide (TATP), was found along with instructions for its manufacture from commonly available ingredients. Melting point data, an infrared spectrum, and both chemical ionization and electron impact mass spectra are included.
“Insanity” in Civil Law
Authors: Kern SR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The issue of “insanity” is rarely alluded to in the area of civil law. As a consequence, the legal standard for insanity is not clearly understood by many psychiatrists. The standard derives from case law and is based upon statutory law in the criminal sector. A civil case will be presented where the question of “insanity” was raised. In this case an individual committed suicide and his insurance company refused to pay the beneficiaries of his life insurance policy based upon a provision in his policy that excluded payment in situations of suicide. His beneficiaries sued, claiming that the deceased was insane at the time of his suicide and therefore not responsible for his actions. The standard for insanity in New Jersey and the reasoning of the psychiatrists will be presented.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for A and B Water Soluble Blood Group Substances
Authors: Bolton S , Thorpe JW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The conditions affecting an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for salivary blood group substances were investigated. It was found that A, B, and O secretor saliva samples would each bind both anti-A and anti-B typing reagents. The conditions that affected the assay response were optimized for maximum sensitivity and to give the highest resolution possible between the result for an antiserum binding to homologous antigen and the response for heterologous antigen-antibody combinations. Monoclonal antibodies eliminated the heterologous binding indicating that this binding was due to a lack of specificity of the routine typing reagents. A sensitive assay using the monoclonal antibodies to distinguish between samples of A and B secretor saliva is described.
Blood Droplet Dynamics—I
Authors: Pizzola PA , Roth S , De Forest PR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The interpretation of bloodstain patterns at crime scenes has received increased attention in recent years. Important to an understanding of this is knowledge of the fundamentals of blood droplet formation and impact dynamics. A review of the literature reveals that a considerable amount of work has been done with aqueous drop dynamics. Workers in the forensic science area seem to have been unaware of this. In addition, some of the most important and comprehensive early work with blood droplet dynamics seems to have been forgotten. It is not cited in more recent publications dealing with bloodstain pattern interpretation. This literature is reviewed and discussed as well. The present study presents results of experiments with blood droplet dynamics and high-speed photographs of blood droplet impacts on stationary target surfaces. Some longstanding misconceptions of importance to forensic scientists engaged in crime scene reconstruction are discussed.