bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of an intelligent traceability system for frozen tilapia fillet processing
Authors: Xiao Xinqing , Fu Zetian , Qi Lin , Mira Trebar , Zhang Xiaoshuan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe main export varieties in China are brand‐name, high‐quality bred aquatic products. Among them, tilapia has become the most important and fast‐growing species since extensive consumer markets in North America and Europe have evolved as a result of commodity prices, year‐round availability and quality of fresh and frozen products. As the largest tilapia farming country, China has over one‐third of its tilapia production devoted to further processing and meeting foreign market demand.RESULTSUsing by tilapia fillet processing, this paper introduces the efforts for developing and evaluating ITS‐TF: an intelligent traceability system integrated with statistical process control (SPC) and fault tree analysis (FTA). Observations, literature review and expert questionnaires were used for system requirement and knowledge acquisition; scenario simulation was applied to evaluate and validate ITS‐TF performance.CONCLUSIONThe results show that traceability requirement is evolved from a firefighting model to a proactive model for enhancing process management capacity for food safety; ITS‐TF transforms itself as an intelligent system to provide functions on early warnings and process management by integrated SPC and FTA. The valuable suggestion that automatic data acquisition and communication technology should be integrated into ITS‐TF was achieved for further system optimization, perfection and performance improvement. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A split face study to document the safety and efficacy of clearance of melasma with a 5 ns q switched Nd YAG laser versus a 50 ns q switched Nd YAG laser
Authors: Alsaad Salman M. S. , Ross E. Victor , Mishra Vineet , Miller Lee 
Published: November 2014

Background and ObjectivesTo determine the safety and efficacy of a 50 ns Q switched Nd YAG laser vs. a 5 ns Q switched Nd YAG laser for clearance of melasma. To compare subject satisfaction, efficacy, and comfort level between the two lasers.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis is a prospective, randomized split face clinical study. The study was approved by the Scripps IRB. Ten healthy female subjects with moderate to severe melasma were enrolled. Each subject had three laser treatments one month apart. Patients were followed up approximately 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the final laser treatment. A treatment session consisted of a microdermabrasion, 1064 nm QS laser, and topicals. Subjects were asked to rate treatment pain based on a numerical scale range 0–10 (0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain). A melasma area and severity index (MASI) grading system was applied. Also, melanin measurements were acquired by a reflectance spectrophotometer. Side effects were documented during the study including post treatment erythema.ResultsEight patients completed the study. Subjects showed improvement on both sides of the face. From baseline to 1 month post the final laser treatment, the average MASI scores showed a 16% reduction for the 50 ns QS 1064 nm laser vs. a 27% reduction for the 5 ns QS 1064 nm laser (both significant versus baseline pigment, P < 0.05). This difference in MASI scores between the two lasers was not statistically significant (P = 0.87930). Laser treatments displayed mild erythema that resolved after one day. The melanin meter measurements showed a reduction in pigment readings on both sides. Three months after the final treatment there was some relapse in the melasma, as the mean pigment reduction fell to 12% for the 50 ns laser and 11% for the 5 ns laser. By 3 months pigment reduction was not statistically significant for either laser, and no significant differences in pigment reduction were noted between the two pulse durations. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in pain scores reported by the subjects (scale 0–10), the mean pain score for 50 ns QS 1064 nm laser was 1.2 and for the 5 ns QS 2.9 the score was 2.9.ConclusionsIn this study, we showed that a combination of microdermabrasion, QS1064 nm laser, and topicals decreased the MASI and meter scores without clinically significant side effects. Moreover, the longer pulsed Q switched 1064 nm laser i.e. (50 ns) was associated with less pain than its shorter pulse width counterpart. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:736–740, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elastin‐Like Polypeptide Based Nanoparticles: Design Rationale Toward Nanomedicine
Authors: Smits Ferdinanda C. M. , Buddingh Bastiaan C. , van Eldijk Mark B. , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractElastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) are characterized by a high sequence control, temperature responsiveness and biocompatibility, which make them highly interesting as smart materials for application in nanomedicine. In particular the construction of ELP‐based nanoparticles has recently become a focal point of attention in materials research. This review will give an overview of the ELP‐based nanoparticles that have been developed until now and their underlying design principles. First a short introduction on ELPs and their stimulus‐responsive behavior will be given. This characteristic has been applied for the development of ELP‐based block copolymers that can self‐assemble into nanoparticles. Both the fully ELP‐based as well as several ELP hybrid materials that have been reported to form nanoparticles will be discussed, which is followed by a concise description of the promising biomedical applications reported for this class of materials.
Aliphatic Polycarbonates Based on Carbon Dioxide, Furfuryl Glycidyl Ether, and Glycidyl Methyl Ether: Reversible Functionalization and Cross‐Linking
Authors: Hilf Jeannette , Scharfenberg Markus , Poon Jeffrey , Moers Christian , Frey Holger 
Published: November 2014

Well‐defined poly((furfuryl glycidyl ether)‐co‐(glycidyl methyl ether) carbonate) (P((FGE‐co‐GME)C)) copolymers with varying furfuryl glycidyl ether (FGE) content in the range of 26% to 100% are prepared directly from CO2 and the respective epoxides in a solvent‐free synthesis. All materials are characterized by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC), 1H NMR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The furfuryl‐functional samples exhibit monomodal molecular weight distributions with in the range of 1.16 to 1.43 and molecular weights () between 2300 and 4300 g mol−1. Thermal properties reflect the amorphous structure of the polymers. Both post‐functionalization and cross‐linking are performed via Diels–Alder chemistry using maleimide derivatives, leading to reversible network formation. This transformation is shown to be thermally reversible at 110 °C.
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Ulnar motor study to first dorsal interosseous: Best reference electrode position and normative data
Authors: Buschbacher Ralph M. , Bayindir Ozun , Malec James , Akyuz Gulseren 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Reference electrode position affects nerve conduction study results. This study was undertaken to determine the optimal reference electrode position for ulnar motor recording from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle and to develop normative data. Methods: Fifty‐one subjects were tested using reference electrode positions on the thumb, index, and little fingers. Latencies were compared with a needle recording from the FDI. Analysis was performed to determine the surface placement that most closely matched the needle recording latency. A normative database was then derived on 100 healthy subjects. Results: Placing the reference electrode on the thumb yielded results closest to the “gold standard” needle recording latency. The 97th percentile (upper limit of normal) for latency was 4.0 ms. The 3rd percentile values (lower limit of normal) for amplitude were 9.0 mV for men and 9.3 mV for women. Conclusions: The reference position on the thumb yields latencies that most closely approximate needle recording. Normative data are presented. Muscle Nerve 52: 231–233, 2015
Effects of weight‐focused social comparisons on diet and activity outcomes in overweight and obese young women
Authors: Rancourt Diana , Leahey Tricia M. , LaRose Jessica Gokee , Crowther Janis H. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate social comparison processes as a potential mechanism by which social networks impact young women's weight control thoughts and behaviors and to examine whether social comparisons with close social ties (i.e., friends) have a greater influence on weight control outcomes relative to more emotionally distant ties.MethodsUsing Ecological Momentary Assessment, overweight young adult women (N = 46; M age = 19; M BMI = 29) reported the nature and effects of weight‐focused social comparisons on dieting and exercising intentions and on behaviors during their daily routine.ResultsRelative to social comparisons to targets of the same weight, weight‐focused comparisons to both thinner and heavier individuals led to increased thoughts of dieting and exercising. Moreover, comparisons to thinner targets also increased the likelihood of engaging in actual dieting and exercising behaviors. Weight comparisons to friends amplified these effects.ConclusionsWeight‐focused social comparisons may be one mechanism by which social networks impact weight control thoughts and behaviors. Obesity interventions with young adults may achieve better outcomes by harnessing social comparison processes in treatment.
Directed self‐assembly of linear arrays of block copolymer cylinders
Authors: Laachi Nabil , Iwama Tatsuhiro , Delaney Kris T. , Shykind David , Weinheimer Corey J. , Fredrickson Glenn H. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTWe investigate the directed self‐assembly (DSA) of cylinder‐forming block copolymers inside extended guiding templates of different sizes and shapes. We focus in particular on templates that promote the formation of linear arrays of two or three cylinders for contact hole multiplication. Using self‐consistent field theory (SCFT) simulations, we uncover the existence windows for two‐ and three‐cylinder arrays and assess their stability relative to other defective morphologies present in the templates. From SCFT simulations, templates in which three DSA cylinders are the lowest free energy configuration are more prone to defective morphologies in comparison to narrower templates with a two cylinder ground state. The size, placement and pitch of the defect‐free structures are estimated for different template sizes and shapes. Beyond the thermodynamic description of the self‐assembly process and the ensuing equilibrium properties, we also consider the equally important issue of the kinetics of melting of defects into perfect structures. Using the string method, we compute the most probable kinetic pathways that anneal elementary defects into a desired perfect array of cylinders. Similar to our findings on defectivity levels, defects in three‐cylinder‐friendly templates are associated with high kinetic barriers > 8 kT while their counterparts in narrower templates more readily dissipate into two‐cylinder states after crossing barriers < 2 kT. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys. 2015, 53, 317–326
Physiologic findings in children previously ventilator dependent at home due to bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Cristea A. Ioana , Ackerman Veda L. , Swigonski Nancy L. , Yu Zhangsheng , Slaven James E. , Davis Stephanie D. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryIntroductionBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the primary respiratory complication of premature birth. Some preterm newborns develop chronic respiratory failure, requiring home ventilator support. While physiologic measures have been described for prematurely born children, little is known about spirometric indices in patients with severe BPD who were previously ventilator dependent at home.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical charts of patients with severe BPD who were ventilator dependent at home. We excluded patients with other comorbidities that could contribute to the severity of BPD. Spirometry was performed when the patient was able to follow commands.ResultsBetween 1984 and 2012, within our severe BPD cohort who previously required home ventilator support, 19 patients were able to perform reproducible spirometry meeting ATS/ERS acceptability criteria. Ten (52.6%) were females, 13 (68.4%) were Caucasians. Mean age at liberation from ventilation was 2.4 years (C.I. 2.0, 2.9) and at decannulation was 3.5 years (C.I. 2.9, 4.0); median age at first reproducible spirometry measurement was 6.6 years (IQR: 4.9, 8.3). Spirometry results revealed significant airway obstruction, as demonstrated by Z‐scores values of −1.5 (C.I. −2.5, −0.4) for FVC, −2.7 (C.I. −3.3, −1.9) for FEV1, and −3.6 (C.I. −4.3, −2.9) for FEF25–75. More so, serial spirometric measurements' slopes revealed that the airway obstruction remained static over time (FEV1 slope: −0.07, P‐value: 0.2624; FVC slope: −0.01, P‐value: 0.9064; and FEF25–75: 0.0, P‐value: 0.8532).ConclusionsExtreme prematurity associated with severe BPD requiring home ventilator support carries significant risks of morbidity. These patients had substantially diminished respiratory function reflecting airflow abnormalities that remained static over time. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:1113–1118. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal structure of human insulin‐regulated aminopeptidase with specificity for cyclic peptides
Authors: Hermans Stefan J. , Ascher David B. , Hancock Nancy C. , Holien Jessica K. , Michell Belinda J. , Chai Siew Yeen , Morton Craig J. , Parker Michael W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractInsulin‐regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP or oxytocinase) is a membrane‐bound zinc‐metallopeptidase that cleaves neuroactive peptides in the brain and produces memory enhancing effects when inhibited. We have determined the crystal structure of human IRAP revealing a closed, four domain arrangement with a large, mostly buried cavity abutting the active site. The structure reveals that the GAMEN exopeptidase loop adopts a very different conformation from other aminopeptidases, thus explaining IRAP's unique specificity for cyclic peptides such as oxytocin and vasopressin. Computational docking of a series of IRAP‐specific cognitive enhancers into the crystal structure provides a molecular basis for their structure–activity relationships and demonstrates that the structure will be a powerful tool in the development of new classes of cognitive enhancers for treating a variety of memory disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
First‐principles investigation of the GaN growth process in carbon‐added Na‐flux method
Authors: Kawamura Takahiro , Imabayashi Hiroki , Maruyama Mihoko , Imade Mamoru , Yoshimura Masashi , Mori Yusuke , Morikawa Yoshitada 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe hypothesized that a nitrogen transportation process mediated by cyanide (CN) ions causes the observed increase in growth rate by carbon addition in the Na‐flux growth of GaN. Using first‐principles calculations, we investigated the probability of the nitrogen transportation process from the viewpoint of change of free energy. In addition, to verify whether the CN can separate into N and C atoms, we estimated the C–N bond energy on the GaN crystal surface by the blue‐moon method using constrained molecular dynamics simulations.
Nanoengineered polymeric capsules as elements of unconventional computing systems
Authors: Erokhina Svetlana , Pastorino Laura 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNanoengineered polymeric capsules are smart objects with a shell of 4‐20 nm thick and a core volume, that can be filled with the different substances. The capsules can be delivered to a desirable place and the encapsulated material release can be triggered by the variation of the environmental medium parameters or by the external action. In this paper, we present important steps of the capsule preparation and discuss how they can be used in the field of chemical and bio‐chemical unconventional computer systems. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The titanium oxide memristor contact material's influence on element's cyclic stability to degradation
Authors: Khrapovitskaya Yulia , Maslova Natalia , Sokolov Ivan , Grishchenko Yulia , Mamichev Dmitry , Zanaveskin Maxim 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe effect of contact material on cyclic degradation stability of titanium oxide based memristor has been investigated. The memristors were made by pulsed laser deposition which has several advantages in comparison with other methods of memristor fabrication. The use of gold instead of platinum as a contact allows significantly the increase in memristor endurance. The results obtained are interpreted with a lower oxygen diffusion by gold contact compared to platinum which retains the properties of memristor functional layers. The titanium oxide memristor with high stability to cyclic resistive switching (up to 3000 cycles) has been obtained. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Changing brains: how longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging studies can inform us about cognitive and social‐affective growth trajectories
Authors: Crone Eveline A. , Elzinga Bernet M. 
Published: November 2014

Brain imaging studies have demonstrated widespread changes in brain networks which support cognitive and social‐affective development. These conclusions, however, are largely based on cross‐sectional comparisons, which limits the possibility to investigate growth trajectories and detect individual changes. Understanding individual growth patterns is crucial if we want to ultimately understand how brain development is sensitive to environmental influences such as educational or psychological interventions or childhood maltreatment. Recently, longitudinal brain imaging studies in children and adolescents have taken the first steps into examining cognitive and social‐affective brain functions longitudinally with several compelling findings. First, longitudinal measurements show that activations in some brain regions, such as the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortex, are relatively stable over time and can be used as predictors for cognitive functions, whereas activations in other brain regions, such as the amygdala and ventral striatum, are much more variable over time. Second, developmental studies reveal how these changes are related to age, puberty, and changes in performance. These findings have implications for understanding how environmental factors influence brain development. An important future direction will be to examine individual characteristics (e.g., genetic, temperamental, personality) which make individuals differentially susceptible to their environment. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:53–63. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1327This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction
Psychology > Development and Aging
Neuroscience > Cognition
Numerical simulation of turbulent flow through Schiller’s wavy pipe
Authors: Daschiel G. , Krieger V. , Jovanović J. , Delgado A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe development of incompressible turbulent flow through a pipe of wavy cross-section was studied numerically by direct integration of the Navier–Stokes equations. Simulations were performed at Reynolds numbers of $4.5\times 10^{3}$ and $10^{4}$ based on the hydraulic diameter and the bulk velocity. Results for the pressure resistance coefficient ${\it\lambda}$ were found to be in excellent agreement with experimental data of Schiller (Z. Angew. Math. Mech., vol. 3, 1922, pp. 2–13). Of particular interest is the decrease in ${\it\lambda}$ below the level predicted from the Blasius correlation, which fits almost all experimental results for pipes and ducts of complex cross-sectional geometries. Simulation databases were used to evaluate turbulence anisotropy and provide insights into structural changes of turbulence leading to flow relaminarization. Anisotropy-invariant mapping of turbulence confirmed that suppression of turbulence is due to statistical axisymmetry in the turbulent stresses.
Analogous formulation of electrodynamics and two-dimensional fluid dynamics
Authors: Salmon Rick 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA single, simply stated approximation transforms the equations for a two-dimensional perfect fluid into a form that is closely analogous to Maxwell’s equations in classical electrodynamics. All the fluid conservation laws are retained in some form. Waves in the fluid interact only with vorticity and not with themselves. The vorticity is analogous to electric charge density, and point vortices are the analogues of point charges. The dynamics is equivalent to an action principle in which a set of fields and the locations of the point vortices are varied independently. We recover classical, incompressible, point vortex dynamics as a limiting case. Our full formulation represents the generalization of point vortex dynamics to the case of compressible flow.
GENERATING HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT EVIDENCE FOR RARE DISEASES
Authors: Facey Karen , Granados Alicia , Guyatt Gordon , Kent Alastair , Shah Nilay , van der Wilt Gert Jan , Wong-Rieger Durhane 
Published: November 2014

Objectives: Rare diseases are often heterogeneous in their progression and response to treatment, with only a small population for study. This provides challenges for evidence generation to support HTA, so novel research methods are required.Methods: Discussion with an expert panel was augmented with references and case studies to explore robust approaches for HTA evidence generation for rare disease treatments.Results: Traditional RCTs can be modified using sequential, three-stage or adaptive designs to gain more power from a small patient population or to focus trial design. However, such designs need to maintain important design aspects such as randomization and blinding and be analyzed to take account of the multiple analyses performed. N-of-1 trials use within-patient randomization to test repeat periods of treatment and control until a response is clear. Such trials could be particularly valuable for rare diseases and when prospectively planned across several patients and analyzed using Bayesian techniques, a population effect can be estimated that might be of value to HTA. When the optimal outcome is unclear in a rare disease, disease specific patient reported outcomes can elucidate impacts on patients’ functioning and wellbeing. Likewise, qualitative research can be used to elicit patients’ perspectives, with just a small number of patients.Conclusions: International consensus is needed on ways to improve evidence collection and assessment of technologies for rare diseases, which recognize the value of novel study designs and analyses in a setting where the outcomes and effects of importance are yet to be agreed.