bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donor‐Acceptor Type Supra‐Carbon‐Dots with Long Lifetime Photogenerated Radicals Boosting Tumor Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xianming , Li Lingyun , Wang Bingzhe , Cai Zhipeng , Zhang Bohan , Chen Feng , Xing Guichuan , Li Kai , Qu Songnan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) have gained significant interest because of their potential in biomedical applications. Nevertheless, developing CDs with efficient photoinduced charge separation for tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) remains a challenge. This study presents a novel class of supra‐carbon‐dots (supra‐CDs) developed by fusing red emissive CDs with 2,3‐dicyanohydroquinone (DCHQ) via post‐solvothermal treatment. In supra‐CDs, the core, acting as electron donors, is formed by assembled CDs with substantial sp2 domains, the fused interface originating from DCHQ with electron‐withdrawing groups functions as the electron acceptor. This configuration creates the unique donor‐acceptor nanostructure. Upon white light irradiation, the excited electrons from the assembled CDs were transferred to the electron‐withdrawing interface, whereas the photogenerated holes were retained within the assembled CDs as radicals, leading to effective photoinduced charge separation. The separated photogenerated electrons then react with oxygen to generate superoxide radicals. Simultaneously, the photogenerated holes undergo oxidation of crucial cellular substrates. This dual action underscores the exceptional cell‐killing efficacy of supra‐CDs. Moreover, the increased particle sizes (~20 nm) ensure supra‐CDs to exhibit a notable capacity for tumor accumulation via the improved permeability and retention effect, thereby achieving satisfactory anti‐tumor PDT efficacy in a mouse subcutaneous tumor model.
Liquid water transport mechanism inside fuel cells with orderly graded perforation microporous layer
Authors: Jiang Tao , Chen Zhenqian , Han Chaoling 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aims to enhance the liquid water distribution within electrodes by innovatively designing a microporous layer (MPL) featuring orderly gradient perforations. Utilizing a multi‐component multi‐phase lattice Boltzmann model (LBM), which has been rigorously validated through contact angle measurements, Laplace pressure tests, grid independence checks, and comparisons with experimental data to ensure high predictive accuracy. The research systematically analyzes the governing liquid water transport in orderly gradient perforation MPLs. Leveraging this reliable modeling platform, the study conducts an exhaustive optimization analysis of gradient direction, gradation counts, and perforation geometry under constant porosity conditions. Findings reveal that negative gradient perforation designs significantly outperform positive gradient and conventional straight perforations, enhancing dry pore retention by at least 10.8%. Within the gradation counts, the ternary gradient structure further boosts channel retention by an additional minimum of 14.9% compared to quinary and continuous gradient structures. Moreover, cylindrical perforations demonstrate a substantial decrease surpassing spherical and square designs by at least 13.8% for liquid water saturation. Critically, the optimized model effectively inhibit the formation of saturation‐induced blockages in localized thickness regions. In conclusion, the investigation offers a robust basis for advancing MPL design strategies, targeting improved electrochemical processes and battery performance.
Experimental study on the mechanism of nanoparticles improving the stability of high expansion foam
Authors: Zhang Yixiang , Feng Shilong , Jing Yuhui , Bai Junhua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh expansion (Hi‐Ex) foam is recommended to suppress the leakage and diffusion of cryogenic liquid due to its light weight and large volume. However, the disadvantages of low stability and high break rate under environmental conditions are all limited the further application in vapor mitigation and fire extinguishing. So that, this paper focus on the effect and mechanism of nanoparticles in stabilizing Hi‐Ex foam. Three kinds of nanoparticles with different concentration were selected to evaluate the effect of foam half‐life and the mechanism of particles on improving the foam stability. The results indicated that different particle concentrations can improve the foam stability to a specific extent, and the maximum improving of half‐life can increase by 95.4% in the presence of the hydrophilic SiO2 at .5 wt%. Meanwhile, the hydrophilicity, size, and morphology of the particles have a specific impact on the foam stability. The foam expansion rate first increased and then decreased. From the microscopic point of view, the bubble size gradually increases with time by two processes of ripening and coalescence and satisfied in a logarithmic distribution. While, the liquid film thickness remarkably decreases due to foam drainage without particles and the adsorption and accumulation of nanoparticles on foam lamella can provide a spatial barrier for the film thinning and the inter bubble diffusion. Finally, the microscopic interaction mechanism on improving the foam stability has been further explored and revealed in these two aspects.
Effect of borosilicate residue as flame retardant and reinforcement filler in polypropylene/natural fiber composites
Authors: Poletto Murillo Ricardo Lombardo , Callegari Bruna , Ferreira Eduardo Bellini , Branciforti Marcia Cristina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the influence of adding borosilicate residue (BS) as a flame retardant in polypropylene (PP) and natural fiber composites. The natural fibers used in this study come from the residue of the carpet industry, which is composed of PP and jute fibers (JT), while the PP used as the polymer matrix is postindustrial recycled material. The composites were produced by corotational twin‐screw extrusion and injection molding to obtain the test specimens. A coating process was carried out to add the water‐soluble fraction of BS to the surface of the compositions that did not receive it through incorporation during processing. To characterize the composites, flammability tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile strength test, and morphological analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed. The addition of only 2 wt% BS content induces an increase in thermal stability of 32 and 109°C for composites with and without natural fibers, respectively. The addiction of 20 wt% BS elevates the elastic modulus up to 27% of the composites with and without natural fibers. The BS characterization indicates that it could be applied as a flame retardant when applied as coating methods using the water‐soluble fraction of BS, reducing the burning rate up to 92%. Flammability results are similar for formulations with and without natural fibers, indicating that the natural fibers did not influence the proposed flame retardant. The findings suggest that BS coating is a potential solution to improve the properties of natural fiber‐reinforced polymer composites while also promoting waste recycling. This approach produces composites with improved flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties, making them suitable for various end applications.
Electrical properties enhancement of dually grafting modification for polypropylene cable insulation
Authors: Wang Mingti , Hu Shixun , Zhang Wenjia , Zhou Yuxiao , Huang Shangshi , Zhang Jiahui , Zhang Qi , Yang Changlong , Li Qi , Yuan Hao , He Jinliang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) is believed to be a rather promising cable insulating material for high‐capacity electric power system with low carbon emission due to its decent thermo‐resistance and recyclable nature. In this paper, a new dually chemical grafting modification strategy by methyl acrylate (MA) and acrylic acid (AA) is put forward to tailor the charge transportation behavior in PP, thus further enhancing the electrical properties. Experimental results indicate that the dually grafted PP with 2.3 weight percent (wt%) MA and 1.9 wt% AA shows enhanced volume resistivity and electrical breakdown strength than pure PP, and the space charge injection is significantly suppressed. This work further adopts thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) test and computational analysis based on density functional theory (DFT) to reveal the mechanism of enhancement. The analysis shows that grafted chemical groups can introduce quantities of deep traps and electrostatic potential wells which are strongly correlated with the carbonyl group and would hinder the charge transportation thus improving the electrical insulating performances of PP. This work would provide a new route of PP‐based dually grafting modification for the development of high‐voltage cable insulation.
Fitness costs, realized heritability, and mechanism of resistance to tenvermectin B in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Zhang Kui , Rao Wenwu , Zhu Linying , Zhang Shaoyong , Chen Jie , Zhou Sha , Chen Anliang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTenvermectin B (TVM‐B) and five TVM‐B analogs were produced by fermentation of a genetically engineered strain Streptomyces avermitilis HU02, and TVM‐B is being developed as a new insecticide. Through 11 generations of resistance selection against TVM‐B in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, the median lethal concentration (LC50) was increased from 14.84 to 1213.73 mg L−1. The resistance to TVM‐B in P. xylostella developed fast and its realized heritability was high (h2 = 0.2901 (F7), h2 = 0.4070 (F11)). However, the relative fitness was 0.6916 suggesting a fitness cost in the resistant strains. The fitness cost was partially explained by the upregulation of the detoxification enzyme activity by 2.15 folds in carboxylate esterase (CarE) and the gene expressions of ATP‐binding cassette transporter gene (ABCC2) and the alpha subunit of the glutamate‐gated chloride channel (GluCl) by 1.70‐ and 2.32 folds, respectively. The resistance was also explained by two points of mutations at the alpha subunit of the glutamate‐gated chloride channel in the P. xylostella (PxGluClα) subunit in F11. However, there was little change in the binding affinity. These results provided helpful information for the mechanism study of TVM‐B resistance and will be conducive to designing rational resistance management strategies in P. xylostella.
Developmental process of the understanding of linguistic register in children: A comparison of typically developing children, autistic children, and children with Williams syndrome
Authors: Ikeda Ayaka , Hakuno Yoko , Asada Kosuke , Ikeda Takahiro , Yamagata Takanori , Hirai Masahiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough the developmental process of linguistic register—the appropriate manner of speech as determined by the listener and social situation—has been gradually clarified in typically developing (TD) children, research on the mechanism and developmental process of register acquisition in atypically developing children are insufficient. This study compared the developmental process of understanding linguistic register among TD children, autistic children, and those with Williams syndrome (WS), and examined the contributions of social cognition and motivation to the acquisition of linguistic register. Two experiments were designed to assess the recognition of which linguistic register to use when communicating with different listeners and of the listener's feelings according to the speakers' use of register. The results revealed that the process of understanding register‐listener associations was nearly identical among all groups of children and their understanding improved with age. Conversely, their understanding of the effect of register selection on the listener's feelings varied. Importantly, as TD children mature, they become aware that adult listeners may feel negatively when spoken to in an inappropriate register, whereas autistic children and those with WS do not exhibit the same awareness. Thus, our results suggest that atypical social cognition and motivation do not disturb the understanding of register‐listener associations. However, social cognition and motivation play important roles in understanding the effect of register selection on the listener's feelings. These findings provide a significant contribution to clarifying the mechanism of linguistic register acquisition.
Microfabricated dynamic brain organoid cocultures to assess the effects of surface geometry on assembloid formation
Authors: Cassel de Camps Camille , Rostami Sabra , Xu Vanessa , Li Chen , Lépine Paula , Durcan Thomas M. , Moraes Christopher 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOrganoids have emerged as valuable tools for the study of development and disease. Assembloids are formed by integrating multiple organoid types to create more complex models. However, the process by which organoids integrate to form assembloids remains unclear and may play an important role in the resulting organoid structure. Here, a microfluidic platform is developed that allows separate culture of distinct organoid types and provides the capacity to partially control the geometry of the resulting organoid surfaces. Removal of a microfabricated barrier then allows the shaped and positioned organoids to interact and form an assembloid. When midbrain and unguided brain organoids were allowed to assemble with a defined spacing between them, axonal projections from midbrain organoids and cell migration out of unguided organoids were observed and quantitatively measured as the two types of organoids fused together. Axonal projection directions were statistically biased toward other midbrain organoids, and unguided organoid surface geometry was found to affect cell invasion. This platform provides a tool to observe cellular interactions between organoid surfaces that are spaced apart in a controlled manner, and may ultimately have value in exploring neuronal migration, axon targeting, and assembloid formation mechanisms.
Aspiration performance gap, second generation involvement in management, and family Firms' environmental responsibility
Authors: Wang Xuan , Sun Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHow does the aspiration performance gap affect environmental responsibility of family firms? Using the theory of performance feedback theory and panel data from 6268 Chinese A‐share listed manufacturing family firms from 2011 to 2021, the study shows that (1) The positive aspiration performance gap negatively affects environmental responsibility, while the absolute negative aspiration performance gap shows an inverted U‐shaped relationship. (2) Second generation involvement in management has varying moderating effects on the relationship between different aspiration performance gaps and environmental responsibility. These results enhance the understanding of the heterogeneity in family firms' strategic behaviors and provide valuable insights for family firms' strategic decision‐making regarding environmental responsibility.
Facilitator roles for knowledge sharing in industrial symbiosis networks during emergence
Authors: Katana Katrin , Glaa Besma , Mirata Murat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIndustrial symbiosis (IS) is a collaborative strategy where organisations share or exchange by‐products, materials, energy or waste to address environmental degradation, resource depletion and sustainable productivity. Knowledge sharing, which can be supported by a facilitator, is commonly expected to enable exploration and assessment of potential exchanges during IS emergence. Drawing on a multi‐case study of four IS networks in Europe during their emergence phase, this study explores how different facilitators support knowledge sharing. The study offers insights into distinct IS facilitator roles for knowledge sharing, including stewards, mediators, catalysts and moderators. The findings show that IS facilitator characteristics, such as the strategic relevance of IS developments to facilitators and facilitators' ownership of critical tangible resources, as well as network structures may influence their role. The paper concludes with theoretical and managerial implications that are relevant for those involved in IS facilitation and with suggestions for future research within the field.
Hydrophobic Domain Modulation of Chemical Responsiveness in a Bolaamphiphile‐Based Supramolecular Monomer
Authors: Vittala Sandeepa K. , Liu Tingxian , van Zwol Suzanne , Fehér Bence , Voets Ilja K. , Kieltyka Roxanne E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSelf‐immolative chemistries that respond in an irreversible manner to external stimuli are highly attractive to permanently degrade filamentous supramolecular biomaterials. Within the monomer, a balance needs to be struck between its capacity to be supramolecularly polymerized and degraded at an appropriate rate for a given application. Herein, we unravel the structure‐property‐function relationships of a library of squaramide‐based bolaamphiphiles bearing a central disulfide‐based self‐immolative spacer to construct supramolecular polymers responsive to chemical stimuli in aqueous solutions. We examine the impact of changing the alkyl domain length (2 to 12 methylene units) on the formation of supramolecular filaments and their rate of degradation in response to a biological antioxidant, glutathione. A minimum of an octyl spacer is required to robustly form supramolecular polymers that can be irreversibly degraded through a cyclization‐elimination reaction of the self‐immolative spacer triggered by thiol‐disulfide exchange. Further increasing the peripheral alkyl chain length to a decyl spacer increases the ordered packing of the amphiphiles, hindering their chemical degradation. This study provides a framework to design chemically responsive filamentous supramolecular polymers based on bolaamphiphiles that can be irreversibly degraded in aqueous solutions for their eventual application as biomedical materials.
DNA Hydrogels for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Peng Li , Gu Shuang , Hou Min , Hou Xiaohua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNucleic acids, because of their precise pairing and simple composition, have emerged as excellent materials for the formation of gels. The application of DNA hydrogels in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer has expanded significantly through research on the properties and functions of nucleic acids. Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) such as aptamers, Small interfering RNA (siRNA), and DNAzymes have been incorporated into DNA hydrogels to enhance their diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. This review discusses various methods for forming DNA hydrogels, with a focus on pure DNA hydrogels. We then explore the innovative applications of DNA hydrogels in cancer diagnosis and therapy. DNA hydrogels have become essential biomedical materials, and this review provides an overview of current research findings and the status of DNA hydrogels in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer, while also exploring future research directions.
Inhibitors of the mTOR signaling pathway can play an important role in breast cancer immunopathogenesis
Authors: Al‐Hawary Sulieman I. Shelash , Altalbawy Farag M. A. , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Jyothi S Renuka , Jamal Azfar , Naiyer Mohammed M. , Mahajan Shriya , Kalra Hitesh , Jawad Mohammed Abed , Zwamel Ahmed Hussein 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explores the critical role of inhibitors targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in breast cancer research and treatment. The mTOR pathway, a central regulator of cellular processes, has been identified as a crucial factor in the development and progression of breast cancer. The essay explains the complex molecular mechanisms through which mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin and its analogs, exert their anticancer effects. These inhibitors can stop cell growth, proliferation, and survival in breast cancer cells by blocking critical signaling pathways within the mTOR pathway. Furthermore, the essay discusses the implications of using mTOR inhibitors as a comprehensive therapeutic strategy. It emphasizes the potential benefits of combining mTOR inhibitors with other treatment approaches to enhance the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment. The evolving landscape of breast cancer research underscores the significance of mTOR as a therapeutic target and highlights ongoing efforts to improve and optimize mTOR inhibitors for clinical use. In conclusion, the essay asserts that inhibitors of the mTOR signaling pathway offer a promising approach in the fight against breast cancer. These inhibitors provide a focused and effective intervention targeting specific dysregulations within the mTOR pathway. As research advances, the integration of mTOR inhibitors into customized combination therapies holds excellent potential for shaping a more effective and personalized approach to breast cancer treatment, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for individuals affected by this complex and diverse disease.
The role of soluble epoxide hydrolase in the intestine
Authors: Ren Yanbei , Wang Ting , Yin Jiuheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH; encoded by the EPHX2 gene) is an α/β hydrolase fold protein that is, widely distributed throughout the body. Recent studies have highlighted that sEH, in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids, plays a part in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and intestine‐associated disease. This review discusses the current findings on the role of sEH in the development of intestine‐ and intestine‐associated diseases, including colitis, colorectal cancer, and other intestinal diseases, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms involved.
Shikonin protects skin cells against oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction induced by fine particulate matter
Authors: Shilnikova Kristina , Kang Kyoung Ah , Piao Mei Jing , Herath Herath Mudiyanselage Udari Lakmini , Fernando Pincha Devage Sameera Madushan , Boo Hye‐Jin , Yoon Sang Pil , Hyun Jin Won 
Published: August 2024

AbstractShikonin, an herbal naphthoquinone, demonstrates a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. Owing to increasingly adverse environmental conditions, human skin is vulnerable to harmful influences from dust particles. This study explored the antioxidant capabilities of shikonin and its ability to protect human keratinocytes from oxidative stress induced by fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We found that shikonin at a concentration of 3 µM was nontoxic to human keratinocytes and effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) while increasing the production of reduced glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, shikonin enhanced GSH level by upregulating glutamate‐cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and glutathione synthetase mediated by nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor. Shikonin reduced ROS levels induced by PM2.5, leading to recovering PM2.5‐impaired cellular biomolecules and cell viability. Shikonin restored the GSH level in PM2.5‐exposed keratinocytes via enhancing the expression of GSH‐synthesizing enzymes. Notably, buthionine sulphoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, diminished effect of shikonin against PM2.5‐induced cell damage, confirming the role of GSH in shikonin‐induced cytoprotection. Collectively, these findings indicated that shikonin could provide substantial cytoprotection against the adverse effects of PM2.5 through direct ROS scavenging and modulation of cellular antioxidant system.