bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formação inicial de professores da educação básica no Brasil: trajetória e perspectivas
Authors: Oliveira Marins Azevedo Rosa , Ghedin Evandro , Silva-Forsberg Maria Clara , Menezes Gonzaga Amarildo 
Published: March 2013

Discute-se a formação inicial de professores da educação básica, procurando evidenciar as exigências dessa formação, bem como a formação oferecida e, consequentemente, o papel do professor no contexto da escola. É um estudo, numa perspectiva histórico-crítica, que compõe o referencial teórico de uma pesquisa de doutorado, no qual se partiu dos modelos de formação oferecidos aos professores no Brasil, fazendo uma breve trajetória dessa formação desde as primeiras iniciativas institucionalizadas até os dias atuais, procurando apontar algumas perspectivas. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa documental, a partir da produção científica publicada em livros, trabalhos apresentados em anais de evento e revistas da área educacional, além de dissertações e teses. A partir das leituras, foram elaborados fichamentos e resenhas que possibilitaram direcionar as discussões, assumindo-se a hermenêutica crítica como horizonte metodológico. Com isso, pode- -se afirmar que nos últimos 40 anos a formação de professores tornou-se uma temática central nas discussões no cenário acadêmico brasileiro, com mudanças significativas nas exigências da formação e no papel do professor, no entanto, a formação oferecida permanece sem alterações significativas. Como perspectiva, o cenário atual aponta a necessidade urgente de além de pensar a formação de dentro da profissão, organizá-la a partir de programas de desenvolvimento profissional docente e reconstrução do espaço acadêmico de formação, articulando-a ao debate sociopolítico da educação.
Influence of natural inorganic impurity on the synthesis of poly(L‐lactic acid), properties and nanofabrication
Authors: Pavel Kucharczyk , Miroslava Urbánková , Petr Stloukal , Marek Koutný , Vladimir Sedlarik 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis work is focused on determination of the effect of a calcium‐based inorganic impurity originating from biotechnological L‐lactic acid production from cheese whey on the synthesis of poly(L‐lactic acid). The influence of the impurity was investigated in the range of 0 to 1 wt % and the product properties were studied by analytical techniques GPC, FTIR‐ATR, acid end group analysis and DSC. The final product was used to prepare submicron particles, which were analyzed by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. Results show a moderate reduction in molecular weight in connection with an increase in the amount of the impurity up to 0.75 wt %. Further increase in the concentration of the impurity caused decomposition. Investigating the thermal properties reveals a noticeable reduction in the melting temperature and a slight decrease in glass transition temperature. The prepared submicron particles had a Z‐average diameter of between 280 and 520 nm, depending on the emulsifying system, and the presence of the inorganic impurity seems to play no role during particle formation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Photohydrolysis of cotton cellulose for producing bioethanol
Authors: Hong Kyung Hwa , Sun Gang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAlmost one third of the waste textiles produced from manufacturing clothing and other textile products are made of cotton. Hence, a huge amount of waste cotton is produced every year. Therefore, we aimed to develop an efficient way for conversion of cotton from waste textile into some beneficial resource in an environmentally safe manner. In this study, it was suggested a novel way to break down cotton cellulose into source of biomass glucose through a mild hypochlorite oxidation process (ca., 0.5 wt % of NaClO and 0.0125 wt % NaBr) under UV‐irradiation. And, the UV light‐NaBr‐NaClO oxidation system was seen to induce exo‐cleavage on β(1 → 4)‐glycosidic bonds in cellulose polymer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation and enhanced electrochemical properties of Ag/polypyrrole composites electrode materials
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Mei , Zhang Yunqiang , Yang Lanlan , Yao Jinshao 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAg/polypyrrole (PPy) composites were synthesized with different dispersants via interface polymerization method. The morphology of the composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the results showed that the dispersant had strong effect on the morphology of the obtained composites. The structure of the products was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The specific capacitance and impedence of Ag/PPy composites electrode was evaluated through charge/discharge measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Electrochemical performances indicated that Ag/PPy composite electrode used polyvinyl alcohol as dispersant exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 635.5 F/g at a current density of 2.45 mA/g, which provided potential application as supercapacitor materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The water vapor sorption behavior of a galactomannan cellulose nanocomposite film analyzed using parallel exponential kinetics and the Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model
Authors: Keating Barbara A. , Hill Callum A. S. , Sun Dongyang , English Rob , Davies Phil , McCue Charles 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNanocomposite films have been developed where a galactomannan (guar) matrix was reinforced with cellulose nanowhiskers and plasticized using sorbitol. The properties of these films were compared with films made from guar only. The films were examined using scanning electron microscopy and dynamic vapor sorption. The sorption kinetics properties were analyzed using parallel exponential kinetics (PEK) and this data interpreted using the Kelvin‐Voigt (K‐V) viscoelastic model. Substantial differences in sorption behavior were noted between the guar and cellulose reinforced guar films. Addition of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) to the guar resulted in a change in the shape of the isotherm, as well as a reduced equilibrium moisture content throughout the hygroscopic range. With the guar film, hysteresis between the adsorption and desorption branches of the isotherm occurred up to 75% RH, where it collapsed. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the collapse of the hysteresis loop occurred at the glass transition temperature of the guar film. However, addition of CNWs to the guar produced a film where sorption hysteresis was found to occur throughout the hygroscopic range. The applicability of the K‐V interpretation of the sorption kinetics is discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Hyaluronic acid solutions—A processing method for efficient chemical modification
Authors: Collins Maurice N. , Birkinshaw Colin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTo ensure repeatability of these crosslinking procedures and thereby improve the degradation time of hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based biomaterials in vitro, it is essential to have an understanding of the solution properties of HA. Control of HA dissolution is important because dissolution and solution degradation are concurrent processes during solution preparation. Complete dissolution is also important to maximize intermolecular crosslinking and reduce wasteful intramolecular reactions. Viscosity time profiles of HA solutions during dissolution have been obtained in order to optimize crosslinking efficiencies. Optimum dissolution occurs between 24 and 40 h when the HA is in a fully solvated disentangled state as indicated by the peak in the solvating curves which corresponds with Mark–Houwink α parameters of 0.76–0.85. The developed and characterized dissolution process was used to produce carbodiimide crosslinked HA films that were found to be reproducible and stable when immersed in distilled water. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Soluble low‐κ poly (aryl ether ketone) copolymers containing pendant adamantyl group and long aliphatic side chains
Authors: Ba Jinyu , Geng Zhi , Mu Jianxin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe aromatic diphenol monomers, 4‐(1‐adamantyl)‐1,3‐benzene diol (AdRES) and 4‐(6‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)undecan‐6‐yl)phenol (BISPR5R5) were successfully synthesized and used to synthesize a new series of poly (aryl ether ketone) copolymers (AdRES‐BISPR5R5‐PEEKs) with different percentages of two diphenol monomers by nucleophilic aromatic substitution polycondensation. The structure of copolymers was confirmed using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and their thermal and mechanical properties and solubilities were determined. It was found that the flexibility and toughness properties of the copolymers could be controlled by varying the molar ratio of diphenol monomers containing the pendent rigid adamantyl group and the flexible long side chains. They also showed low dielectric constants (κ = 2.50–2.88 at 1 MHz) and low water absorptions. It revealed that the symmetrical long aliphatic side chains were more conducive for reducing the polarity of the polymer chains, loosening the polymer packing, and subsequently reducing polymers' density and dielectric constants than the pendent rigid adamantyl group. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Fouling of an anion exchange chromatography operation in a monoclonal antibody process: Visualization and kinetic studies
Authors: Close Edward J. , Salm Jeffrey R. , Iskra Timothy , Sørensen Eva , Bracewell Daniel G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFouling of chromatographic resins over their operational lifetimes can be a significant problem for commercial bioseparations. In this article, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), batch uptake experiments, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and small‐scale column studies were applied to characterize a case study where fouling had been observed during process development. The fouling was found to occur on an anion exchange (AEX) polishing step following a protein A affinity capture step in a process for the purification of a monoclonal antibody. Fouled resin samples analyzed by SEM and batch uptake experiments indicated that after successive batch cycles, significant blockage of the pores at the resin surface occurred, thereby decreasing the protein uptake rate. Further studies were performed using CLSM to allow temporal and spatial measurements of protein adsorption within the resin, for clean, partially fouled and extensively fouled resin samples. These samples were packed within a miniaturized flowcell and challenged with fluorescently labeled albumin that enabled in situ measurements. The results indicated that the foulant has a significant impact on the kinetics of adsorption, severely decreasing the protein uptake rate, but only results in a minimal decrease in saturation capacity. The impact of the foulant on the kinetics of adsorption was further investigated by loading BSA onto fouled resin over an extended range of flow rates. By decreasing the flow rate during BSA loading, the capacity of the resin was recovered. These data support the hypothesis that the foulant is located on the particle surface, only penetrating the particle to a limited degree. The increased understanding into the nature of the fouling can help in the continued process development of this industrial example. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2425–2435. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suspension culture of hepatocyte‐derived reporter cells in presence of albumin to form stable three‐dimensional spheroids
Authors: Weeks C. Andrew , Newman Kristen , Turner Paul A. , Rodysill Brian , Hickey Raymond D. , Nyberg Scott L. , Janorkar Amol V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSeveral studies in the past have formed 3‐dimensional (3D) spheroids of primary hepatocytes in suspension culture. Unfortunately, primary hepatocytes in a suspension environment tend to lose their differentiated function over time, generally due to damage from fluid shear stress and eventual spheroid settling. We have therefore created a novel suspension culture system, by seeding H35 rat hepatoma cells, a hepatocyte‐derived cell line, in a 24‐well tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) plate placed atop an orbital shaker to create 3D spheroids. To provide stability to the formed spheroids, we used a long‐chain polymer, bovine serum albumin (BSA), dissolved in the cell culture medium and/or coated on TCPS surfaces placed in suspension configurations. Our results demonstrate that BSA coating of culture surfaces resulted in uniform and well‐defined spheroids with little spheroid settling or “flattening” of cell colonies in either static or suspension configurations. In BSA‐coated suspension systems, spheroid size scaled with the amount of BSA dissolved in culture medium. In static uncoated cultures, the normalized rat albumin production levels were enhanced by addition of BSA within culture medium. Thus, both addition of BSA to culture medium and application of BSA as a surface coating appear to be meaningful avenues for tailoring spheroid morphology and function. This 24‐well plate suspension culture system may be a valuable tool for high throughput investigations of liver cell behavior in a stable, uniform, 3D spheroid state. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2548–2555. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of amorphadiene synthesis in bacillus subtilis via transcriptional, translational, and media modulation
Authors: Zhou Kang , Zou Ruiyang , Zhang Congqiang , Stephanopoulos Gregory , Too Heng‐Phon 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGenetically engineered microbes have been intensively investigated as a means for the cost‐effective production of isoprenoids. Bacillus subtilis is a promising microbial host for this purpose because of its fast growth rate and GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status. To date, development of this host has been impaired by the lack of genetic tools for modulating the expression of multiple genes. In this study, we present a novel two‐promoter system which can be used to independently control the expression levels of two gene cassettes over a large dynamic range. Coupled with protein translation engineering and systematic media optimization, ∼20 mg/L amorphadiene was produced in shake flask scale, a 40‐fold improvement over the highest reported isoprenoid product yield in B. subtilis. As the tools and strategies developed here can be extended to the overproduction of other valuable metabolites, this proof‐of‐concept study lays the foundation for high level heterologous production of isoprenoids in Bacillus. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2556–2561. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survival analysis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma with simultaneous second primary tumors
Authors: Hsu Shuo–Hsiu , Wong Yong–Kie , Wang Ching‐Ping , Wang Chen–Chi , Jiang Rong–San , Chen Fun–Jou , Liu Shih–An 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of simultaneous second primary tumor (SPT) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The survival of patients with simultaneous SPT was also compared with patients without.MethodsThe presence of SPT was documented along with the patients' demographic data, tumor‐related features, and survival status. Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis. Relevant factors influencing the survival were examined by the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsA total of 897 patients' medical records were obtained. Among them, 43 patients (4.8%) had simultaneous SPT and their prognosis was poorer than that of patients without. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that patients with simultaneous SPT tended to have a higher probability of death (relative risk [RR], 1.694; p = .015).ConclusionsSimultaneous SPT is an independent prognostic factor for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Those with simultaneous SPT have poorer survival when compared to those without. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1801–1807, 2013
Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy followed by a brachytherapy boost for oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Al‐Mamgani Abrahim , Levendag Peter C. , van Rooij Peter , Meeuwis Cees A. , Sewnaik Aniel , Teguh David N. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to reduce the incidence of radiation‐induced toxicity in patients with early‐stage oropharyngeal cancer, using highly conformal radiation techniques.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2011, 167 patients with T1‐3N0‐3 oropharyngeal cancer were treated with 46‐Gy intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) followed by 22‐Gy brachytherapy boost. In patients with node‐positive disease, neck dissection was performed.ResultsThe 5‐year Kaplan–Meier estimates of local control, regional control, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were 94%, 97%, 84%, and 72%, respectively. Feeding tubes were required in 26% of the patients. Grade ≥2 late xerostomia and dysphagia were 11% and 8%, respectively. Chemotherapy, tumor subsite, and bilateral neck irradiation correlate significantly with toxicity. Quality of life (QOL) scores deteriorate during and shortly after treatment but returned in all scales to baseline scores within 6 to 12 months, with the exception of xerostomia.ConclusionBrachytherapy boost and neck dissection (in node‐positive oropharyngeal cancer) after 46‐Gy of IMRT resulted in excellent outcomes with low incidence of late toxicity and good QOL scores. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1689–1697, 2012
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Anticonvulsant Drugs, Volume I. J. Mercier, editor.Anticonvulsant Drugs, Volume II. J. Mercier, editor.Bacterial Plasmids. G. G. Meynell.Review of Medical Pharmacology, Third Edition. F. H. Myers, E. Jawetz, and A. Goldfine.
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Action on Protein Biosynthesis and Membranes. Proceedings of a Symposium at the University of Granada. E. Munoz, F. Garcia‐Ferrandiz, and D. Vazquez, editors.Modern Inhalation Anesthetics. Maynard B. Chenoweth, editor.Steroids and Brain Edema. H. J. Reulen and K. Schürmann, editors.Advances in Neurology, Volume 1: Huntington's Chorea, 1872–1972. A. Barbeau, T. N. Chase, and G. W. Paulson, editors.
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Essays in Toxicology, Volume 5. Wayland J. Hayes, Jr.The Design of Clinical Trials in Cancer Therapy. Maurice StaquetReview of Recent Advances in Studies on Cardiac Structure and Metabolism. Volume Three: Myocardial Metabolism; Volume Four: Myocardial Biology. N. S. DhallaEssentials of Toxicology, Second Edition. Ted A. LoomisPineal Chemistry in Cellular and Physiological Mechanisms. W. B. QuayOrganization of Energy‐Transducing Membranes. M. Nakao and L. PackerMetabolic Inhibitors, Volume IV. R. M. Hochster, M. Kates, and J. H. Quastel
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Alcohol Abuse and Rehabilitation Approaches. J. G. Cull and R. E. HardyThe Poisoned Patient: The Role of the Laboratory. CIBA Foundation Symposium 26.Narcotics and the Hypothalamus. (Kroc Foundation Symposia, No. 2). E. Zimmerman and R. GeorgeSteroids and Shock. Thomas M. GlennClinical Pharmacology, 4th Edition. D. R. LaurenceCellular Selection and Regulation in the Immune Response (Society of General Physiologists Series, Volume 29). Gerald M. EdelmanDrug Treatment in Psychiatry (Social and Psychological Aspects of Medical Practice). T. Silverstone and P. Turner
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Reviews of Neuroscience, Volume I. S. Ehrenpreis and I. J. KopinRecent Advances in Renal Physiology and Pharmacology. L. G. Wesson and G. M. FanelliChemotherapy with Antibiotics and Allied Drugs. J. C. Tolhurst, G. Buckle, and S. W. Williams.An Historical Account of Pharmacology to the Twentieth Century. Chauncey D. Leake.
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Intravenous Anesthesia. J. W. Dundee and G. M. WyantMarijuana: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Metabolism and Clinical Effects. Raphael MechoulamPlatelets and Thrombosis. S. Sherry and A. ScriabineReview of Medical Pharmacology, 4th Edition. F. H. Myers, E. Jawetz, and A. Goldfien.Macromolecules and Behavior. G. B. Ansell and P. B. BradleyDrugs and Behavior. Fred Leavitt. Philadelphia, W. B. SaundersSymposium on Drug‐Induced Metabolic Changes. T. Jávor and A. GoglGeneral Considerations and Principles. Principles and Techniques of Human Research and Therapeutics, Vol. I. F. Gilbert McMahonSexual Behavior—Pharmacology and Biochemistry. M. Sandler and G. L. GessaControl Mechanisms of Drinking. G. Peters, J. T. Fitzsimons, and L. Peters‐HaefeliCatecholamines. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Volume XXXIII. H. Blaschko and E. MuschollChlorpromazine in Psychiatry. A Study In Therapeutic Innovation. Judith P. Swazy.
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Temporal Aspects of Therapeutics. J. Urquhart and F. E. YatesDrug Interactions. P. L. Morselli, S. N. Cohen, and S. GarattiniControversies in Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Development. Roger F. PalmerA Handbook on the 1970 Federal Drug Act. Shifting The Perspective. R. L. Bogomolny, M. R. Sonnenreich, and A. J. Roccograndi.Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics. T. Teorell, R. L. Dedrick, and P. G. CondliffeCurrent Medical Diagnosis and Treatment. J. A. Krupp and M. J. Chatton.Handbook of Medical Treatment, 14th edition. Milton J. Chatton.
Search of truncation of (N−1) electron basis containing full connected triple excitations in computing main and satellite ionization potentials via Fock‐space coupled cluster approach
Authors: Adhikari Kalipada , Chattopadhyay Sudip , De Barin Kumar , Sharma Amitava , Nath Ranendu Kumar , Sinha Dhiman 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA valence‐universal multireference coupled cluster (VUMRCC) theory, realized via the eigenvalue independent partitioning (EIP) route, has been implemented with full inclusion of triples excitations for computing and analyzing the entire main and several satellite peaks in the ionization potential spectra of several molecules. The EIP‐VUMRCC method, unlike the traditional VUMRCC theory, allows divergence‐free homing‐in to satellite roots which would otherwise have been plagued by intruders, and is thus numerically more robust to obtain more efficient and dependable computational schemes allowing more extensive use of the approach. The computed ionization potentials (IPs) as a result of truncation of the (N−1) electron basis manifold involving virtual functions such as 2h‐p and 3h‐2p by different energy thresholds varying from 5 to 15 a.u. with 1 a.u. intervals as well as thresholds such as 20, 25, and 30 a.u. have been carefully looked into. Cutoff at around 25 a.u. turns out to be an optimal threshold. Molecules such as C2H4 and C2H2 (X = D,T), and N2 and CO (X = D,T,Q) with Dunning's cc‐pVXZ bases have been investigated to determine all main and 2h‐p shake‐up and 3h‐2p double shake‐up satellite IPs. We believe that the present work will pave the way to a wider application of the method by providing main and satellite IPs for some problematic N‐electron closed shell systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.