bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human insulin versus porcine insulin in rhesus monkeys with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jin Xi , Zeng Li , Zhang Shuang , He Sirong , Ren Yan , Chen Younan , Wei Lingling , Wang Li , Li Hongxia , Cheng Jingqiu , Lu Yanrong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundMonkeys with insulin‐dependent diabetes are important preclinical animal models for islet transplantation. Exogenous insulin should be administered to achieve good glycemic control and minimize the long‐term vascular complications associated with diabetes until the graft function recovered completely. However, the effect of multiple daily injections of porcine or human insulin and the long‐term effects of porcine insulin have not been studied in diabetic rhesus monkeys.MethodsDiabetic rhesus monkeys, using a 6‐month self‐control insulin comparison experiment, were used to detect the incidence of adverse events and long‐term diabetes complication events after long‐term administration of porcine insulin.ResultsIn this study, we found that a 20% higher dose of porcine insulin results in similar glycemic control as the human insulin regimen, and adverse events were seldom reported when porcine insulin was administered. Moreover, long‐term injection with porcine insulin could delay the rate and severity of diabetes‐related complications.ConclusionsPorcine insulin as a competent candidate for regular insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose levels in insulin‐dependent diabetic monkeys during preclinical studies of islet transplantation.
Experiences of involuntary admission in an approved mental health centre
Authors: McGuinness D. , Dowling M. , Trimble T. 
Published: October 2012

Accessible summary
This qualitative study interviewed six people who had been detained in a psychiatric hospital in Ireland. The people interviewed had been detained. The study participants were asked to recall their experiences of detention.
The participants expressed both negative and positive experiences of care delivery during their detention. Participants' initial feelings and opinions on their early days of detention focused on their difficulties in knowing ‘what's going on’. This was because of a lack of information and explanation of what was happening. Participants also talked about their need to ‘move on’ while in hospital, and the variety of emotions that they felt on this journey.
The study findings highlight the need for psychiatric nurses to assist people detained in their care make sense of their detention experience. By doing so, this may help people deal with the experience in a more positive way and may also help strengthen relationships with the mental health professional team on discharge.
AbstractThe aim of this qualitative study was to gain an understanding of what it means to have an involuntary hospital admission. A sample of six people who were detained at an approved Irish mental health centre consented to recount their experiences were interviewed. The interview transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Three superordinate themes were identified: ‘The early days’, ‘Experiences of treatment’ and ‘Moving on?’. ‘The early days' represented participants’ initial feelings and opinions of the experience of coming into the approved centre. ‘Experiences of treatment’ refers to participants' experiences of medication and relationships with staff. Finally, the theme ‘Moving on?’ represented participants' views on how they adjusted to involuntary admission. ‘Learning the way’ was central to the participants' notion of moving on. The findings suggest that the meaning of detention is a varied one that evokes an array of emotional responses for participants and highlights the need for a renewed way of thinking and doing concerning those subject to involuntary.
Natural, potential and actual vegetation in North America
Authors: Jackson Stephen T. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe potential natural vegetation (PNV) concept has parallel applications in Europe and North America. Paleoecological studies in parts of North America provide records of vegetation patterns and dynamics under little or no human disturbance. Something resembling PNV emerges at millennial temporal scales and at regional to subcontinental spatial scales. However, at finer spatial and temporal scales, actual vegetation often displays properties of inertia, contingency and hysteresis, most frequently because of climatic variability across multiple timescales and the episodic nature of disturbance and establishment. Thus, in the absence of human disturbance, the actual vegetation that develops at a site may not resemble a particular PNV ideal, but could instead represent one of any number of potential outcomes constrained by historically contingent processes. PNV may best be viewed as an artificial construct, with utility in some settings. Its utility may diminish and even be detrimental in a rapidly changing environment.
Retracing the routes of introduction of invasive species: the case of the Sirex noctilio woodwasp
Authors: Boissin E. , Hurley B. , Wingfield M. J. , Vasaitis R. , Stenlid J. , Davis C. , de Groot P. , Ahumada R. , Carnegie A. , Goldarazena A. , Klasmer P. , Wermelinger B. , Slippers B. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the evolutionary histories of invasive species is critical to adopt appropriate management strategies, but this process can be exceedingly complex to unravel. As illustrated in this study of the worldwide invasion of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio, population genetic analyses using coalescent‐based scenario testing together with Bayesian clustering and historical records provide opportunities to address this problem. The pest spread from its native Eurasian range to the Southern Hemisphere in the 1900s and recently to Northern America, where it poses economic and potentially ecological threats to planted and native Pinus spp. To investigate the origins and pathways of invasion, samples from five continents were analysed using microsatellite and sequence data. The results of clustering analysis and scenario testing suggest that the invasion history is much more complex than previously believed, with most of the populations being admixtures resulting from independent introductions from Europe and subsequent spread among the invaded areas. Clustering analyses revealed two major source gene pools, one of which the scenario testing suggests is an as yet unsampled source. Results also shed light on the microevolutionary processes occurring during introductions, and showed that only few specimens gave rise to some of the populations. Analyses of microsatellites using clustering and scenario testing considered against historical data drastically altered our understanding of the invasion history of S. noctilio and will have important implications for the strategies employed to fight its spread. This study illustrates the value of combining clustering and ABC methods in a comprehensive framework to dissect the complex patterns of spread of global invaders.
Genome‐wide association reveals genetic basis for the propensity to migrate in wild populations of rainbow and steelhead trout
Authors: Hecht Benjamin C. , Campbell Nathan R. , Holecek Dean E. , Narum Shawn R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLittle is known of the genetic basis of migration despite the ecological benefits migratory species provide to their communities and their rapid global decline due to anthropogenic disturbances in recent years. Using next‐generation sequencing of restriction‐site‐associated DNA (RAD) tags, we genotyped thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two wild populations of migratory steelhead and resident rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States. One population maintains a connection to the sea, whereas the other population has been sequestered from its access to the ocean for more than 50 years by a hydropower dam. Here we performed a genome‐wide association study to identify 504 RAD SNP markers from several genetic regions that were associated with the propensity to migrate both within and between the populations. Our results corroborate those in previous quantitative trait loci studies and provide evidence for additional loci associated with this complex migratory life history. Our results suggest a complex multi‐genic basis with several loci of small effect distributed throughout the genome contributing to migration in this species. We also determined that despite being sequestered for decades, the landlocked population continues to harbour genetic variation associated with a migratory life history and ATPase activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of genotyping‐by‐sequencing and how RAD‐tag SNP data can be readily compared between studies to investigate migration within this species.
Evolution and diversity of Arsenophonus endosymbionts in aphids
Authors: Jousselin Emmanuelle , Cœur d'Acier Armelle , Vanlerberghe‐Masutti Flavie , Duron Olivier 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEndosymbiotic bacteria are important drivers of insect evolutionary ecology, acting both as partners that contribute to host adaptation and as subtle parasites that manipulate host reproduction. Among them, the genus Arsenophonus is emerging as one of the most widespread lineages. Its biology is, however, entirely unknown in most cases, and it is therefore unclear how infections spread through insect populations. Here we examine the incidence and evolutionary history of Arsenophonus in aphid populations from 86 species, characterizing the processes that shape their diversity. We identify aphids as harbouring an important diversity of Arsenophonus strains. Present in 7% of the sampled species, incidence was especially high in the Aphis genus with more than 31% of the infected species. Phylogenetic investigations revealed that these Arseno‐phonus strains do not cluster within an aphid‐specific clade but rather exhibit distinct evolutionary origins showing that they undergo repeated horizontal transfers (HT) between distantly related host species. Their diversity pattern strongly suggests that ecological interactions, such as plant mediation and parasitism, are major drivers for Arsenophonus dispersal, dictating global incidence across insect communities. Notably, plants hosting aphids may be important ecological arenas for global exchange of Arsenophonus, serving as reservoirs for HT.
Effect of health contract intervention on renal dialysis patients in Korea
Authors: Cho Mi‐Kyoung 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study is a randomized, controlled trial to examine the effect of the health contract intervention, based on the goal attainment theory, on the self‐care behavior and physiological indices of renal dialysis patients in Korea. The experimental group (n = 21) underwent health contract intervention for 4 weeks, while the control group (n = 22) received routine care. The data were collected using questionnaires and measurement of physiological indices and analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 program. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Total score of self‐care behavior (P = 0.011) and individual scores for behaviors, such as diet (P = 0.017), exercise and rest (P = 0.001), and blood pressure and body weight (P = 0.006) were higher in the experimental group. Serum potassium concentration and mean weight gain between dialysis sessions were significantly low in the experimental group (P = 0.002, P = 0.017). Therefore, the health contract intervention based on the goal attainment theory proved effective in improving self‐care behavior and physiological indices (K, P, mean weight gain) in renal dialysis patients in Korea.
Cancer rehabilitation from the perspectives of oncology nurses in Korea
Authors: Chang HeeKyung , Park Yeon‐Hwan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to understand the perception of oncology nurses and how it is related to cancer rehabilitation in Korea. A qualitative study with three focus groups consisting of 6–8 Korean oncology nurses (n = 21) was conducted. The interviews were thematically analyzed. Two main themes for the attributes of cancer rehabilitation were “comprehensive activities of nurses” and “active involvement of survivors.” Six subthemes from the oncology nurses' care experiences were identified: “incorporating partnership and sharing feelings,” “fulfilling individualized needs,” “providing timely and practical support,” “enhancing internal strength with optimistic mindset,” “regaining functional independence,” and “getting family members in.” The findings suggest that oncology nurses can play a key role in rehabilitation for cancer survivors. Nursing interventions focused on comprehensive activities of nurses as well as active involvement of survivors can be effective in enhancing cancer survivors' strength and resilience in order to lead a healthy life. Oncology nurses need to be taught a psychosocial intervention based on individualized assessment and family partnership for cancer survivors.
The dual effect of abscisic acid on stomata
Authors: Pantin Florent , Monnet Fabien , Jannaud Dorothée , Costa Joaquim Miguel , Renaud Jeanne , Muller Bertrand , Simonneau Thierry , Genty Bernard 
Published: October 2012

Summary

The classical view that the drought‐related hormone ABA simply acts locally at the guard cell level to induce stomatal closure is questioned by differences between isolated epidermis and intact leaves in stomatal response to several stimuli. We tested the hypothesis that ABA mediates, in addition to a local effect, a remote effect in planta by changing hydraulic regulation in the leaf upstream of the stomata.

By gravimetry, porometry to water vapour and argon, and psychrometry, we investigated the effect of exogenous ABA on transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf hydraulic conductance of mutants described as ABA‐insensitive at the guard cell level.

We show that foliar transpiration of several ABA‐insensitive mutants decreases in response to ABA. We demonstrate that ABA decreases stomatal conductance and down‐regulates leaf hydraulic conductance in both the wildtype Col‐0 and the ABA‐insensitive mutant ost2‐2.

We propose that ABA promotes stomatal closure in a dual way via its already known biochemical effect on guard cells and a novel, indirect hydraulic effect through a decrease in water permeability within leaf vascular tissues. Variability in sensitivity of leaf hydraulic conductance to ABA among species could provide a physiological basis to the isohydric or anisohydric behaviour.
Cage Migration after Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Factors Related to It
Authors: Zhao Feng‐dong , Yang Wei , Shan Zhi , Wang Jian , Chen Hai‐xiao , Hong Zheng‐hua , Qian Yu , He Deng‐wei , Fan Shun‐wu 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo review and analyze cage migration and related risk factors in patients who have undergone transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to review the complications of cage migration in 512 patients who had undergone a TLIF procedure from January 2010 to June 2011 in five spinal centers. In all, 263 men and 249 women with a mean age of 54.7 years were included. All patients were followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by visual analogue scores, the Oswestry disability index, plain radiography and three‐dimensional CT scanning to analyze the incidence of, and risk factors related to, cage migration.ResultsCage migration was found in 6 of the 512 patients (1.17%). Significant differences were found between all pairs of centers. Different shapes and sizes of cages had different incidences of migration. Analysis showed that rectangular‐shaped cages had a significantly greater incidence of cage migration (3.11%, 5/161) than did kidney‐shaped cages (0.28%, 1/351; P < 0.05). Small cages had a tendency to more frequent post‐operative cage migration (5.13%, 4/78) than did large cages (0.46%, 2/434; P < 0.05). Double segment TLIF cages migrated more frequently (5.75%, 5/87) than did mono‐segment cages (0.24%, 1/425; P < 0.05)). Furthermore, when the adjacent endplates were of linear type, the cages migrated much more frequently (3.50%) than when they were of concave‐concave type (0.27%; P < 0.05).ConclusionCage size, shape, number of fused segments and adjacent endplate shape might be risk factors for cage migration in addition to surgical technique, disc height and bone mineral density.
Causes, Treatment and Prevention of Esophageal Fistulas in Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Sun Lin , Song Yue‐ming , Liu Li‐min , Gong Quan , Liu Hao , Li Tao , Kong Qing‐quan , Zeng Jian‐cheng 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo evaluate the causes, treatment and prevention of esophageal fistulas after anterior cervical spine surgery.MethodBetween January 2004 and December 2011, 5 of 2348 patients who underwent anterior cervical surgery in our hospital developed esophageal fistulas (three male and two female patients, average age 34 years). Their diagnoses were cervical injuries (three), cervical spondylosis (one) and cervical tuberculosis (one). Their esophageal fistulas were treated by debridement and exploratory surgery, primary suturing of the perforation and/or sternocleidomastoid myoplasty. If conservative treatment failed or esophageal fistula recurred, plate removal was offered. Postoperative treatment included esophageal rest, enteral nutrition, wound drainage, and antibiotics. Methylene blue was used to evaluate results.ResultAn esophageal fistula was discovered during anterior cervical surgery in one patient and primary suturing performed. In four patients, fistulas were diagnosed after anterior cervical decompression and fusion. In one of these, only debridement and exploratory surgery were required. In another, a perforation was sutured during debridement and exploratory surgery. In the third, internal fixation was removed because of failure of prolonged conservative treatment. In the fourth, the esophageal fistula recurred repeatedly; he required removal of the hardware and reinforcement with a sternocleidomastoid muscle flap. At 6–48 months follow‐up, all patients were in good condition, symptom free, and without cervical instability or infectious spondylitis.ConclusionSuccessful management of esophageal fistula after anterior cervical spinal surgery depends on primary closure of the perforation with or without muscle flaps, surgical drainage, esophageal rest and nutritional support, and removal of hardware if necessary. Prevention consists of careful surgery and gentle tissue handling.
Allergic airway diseases in childhood – marching from epidemiology to novel concepts of prevention
Authors: Hatzler Laura , Hofmaier Stephanie , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn the past years, a wide range of epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies have produced remarkable advances in the field of respiratory allergies in childhood. By the recent investigations on epidemiological trends, risk factors, and prevention of asthma and allergic rhinitis, various exiting concepts have been challenged, and novel innovative approaches have been developed. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (PAI), with a number of highly relevant contributions between 2010 and 2012, has become an important forum in this area. The prevalence of asthma in some developed countries may have reached a plateau, while in developing countries, where the prevalence was previously low, allergic diseases are still on the increase. A wide array of risk and protective factors, including hygiene, infections, outdoor and indoor air pollution, allergen exposure, breast‐feeding practices, nutrition, and obesity, play a multifaceted role in shaping the observed worldwide trends of respiratory allergies. Under the guidance of recent research, prediction and prevention strategies in the clinical practice are progressively changing, the focus moving away from avoidance of allergen exposure and toward tolerance induction.
A Significant Proportion of Children with Morphea En Coup De Sabre and Parry‐Romberg Syndrome Have Neuroimaging Findings
Authors: Chiu Yvonne E. , Vora Sheetal , Kwon Eun‐Kyung M. , Maheshwari Mohit 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEn coup de sabre (ECDS) and Parry‐Romberg syndrome (PRS) are variants of linear morphea on the head and neck that can be associated with neurologic manifestations. Intracranial abnormalities on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are present in a significant proportion of individuals with these conditions. We describe 32 children from our institution with ECDS or PRS; neuroimaging was performed in 21 cases. We also review 51 additional cases from the literature. Nineteen percent of the children at our institution with ECDS or PRS had intracranial abnormalities on MRI, half of whom were asymptomatic. Hyperintensities on T2‐weighted sequences were the most common finding, present in all children with intracranial abnormalities on MRI. Seizures (13%) and headaches (9%) were the most common neurologic symptom. Neurologic symptoms were not correlated with neuroimaging abnormalities, with two asymptomatic children having marked MRI findings and only two of nine symptomatic children having an abnormal MRI. Similarly the severity of the superficial disease did not predict neurologic involvement; a child with subtle skin involvement had striking MRI findings and seizures, whereas another with a bony defect had no brain parenchymal involvement. Neurologic symptoms and neuroimaging abnormalities are found in a surprisingly substantial percentage of children with ECDS and PRS. Early recognition of neurologic involvement is necessary because it affects treatment choices. Because clinical predictors of intracranial abnormalities are poor, strong consideration should be given to obtaining an MRI before treatment initiation to assist in management decisions and establish a baseline examination.
The Reversibility of UV‐B Induced Alterations in Optical Properties of the Rabbit Cornea Depends on Dose of UV Irradiation
Authors: Cejka Cestmir , Rosina Josef , Sirc Jakub , Michalek Jiri , Brunova Blanka , Cejkova Jitka 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSolar UVB radiation evokes photokeratitis, accompanied by increased corneal hydration and changes in corneal transparency, resulting in increased light absorption. Corneal optical properties are disturbed and visual acuity decreased. The aim of this study was to investigate the reversibility of these UVB‐induced changes. Rabbit corneas were irradiated with UVB doses of 0.5 J cm−2 or 1.01 J cm−2 during 4 days. Some rabbits were sacrificed after the last irradiation and some 2 months later. Corneas were investigated spectrophotometrically for light absorption, and corneal hydration was evaluated by central corneal thickness with an ultrasonic pachymeter. Corneal impression cytologies were examined immunohistochemically for proinflammatory cytokines and malondialdehyde. The increased corneal light absorption, hydration and the staining of immunohistochemical markers found in corneas after irradiation returned to normal values during 2 months in corneas irradiated with the lower UVB dose. In contrast, in corneas irradiated with the higher UVB dose, a moderate but statistically significant increase in corneal light absorption, hydration and positive immunohistochemical stainings remained as residual changes. This was in contrast to normal corneas, where the staining of proinflammatory cytokines as well as malondialdehyde was negative. In conclusion, the reversibility of UVB‐induced disturbances was dependent on UVB dose.