bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of chlorination and exposure to protease enzymes for singulating Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) spat from spat‐collector rope
Authors: Himiona Kayleb , Jeffs Andrew G. , Skelton Bradley M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe early stages of mussel farming are often inefficient with a large proportion of seed (spat) typically lost early in the production cycle. An effective approach for decreasing such losses is to grow spat to larger sizes in nursery systems prior to seeding. However, for such an approach to be commercially viable, spat must first be separated from their settlement substrates into a single seed format, that is, singulated. This study investigated the efficacy of three commercial protease enzymes (Enzidase PAP, PXT and BAP) and chlorine (NaOCl) in singulating Greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) spat from spat‐collector ropes. Two distinct experiments involved immersing segments of spat collector rope in seawater solutions with varying concentrations (2.5% or 5%) of each enzyme or chlorine (NaOCl) for different exposure times (10, 30 and 60 min for enzymes; 2 and 5 min for chlorine). After the singulation experiments, all spat were recovered with sieves and reintroduced into the tanks with renewed seawater. After 24 h of rearing, the recovery of alive spat was measured. Results indicate that in Experiment 1, involving spat ∼5 mm in size, the singulation rate was up to 65% for protease enzymes (i.e., in the case of 5% PAP at 30 min) and 61% for chlorine (i.e., at 5% for 2 min). In Experiment 2, involving spat ∼1.5 mm in size, the singulation rate was up to 85% for protease enzymes (i.e., in the case of 5% PXT for 60 min) and 78% for chlorine (i.e., of 2.5% for 5 min). However, these treatments generally resulted in elevated spat mortality, which was exacerbated by increasing concentrations and exposure times, resulting in recovery rates of up to 35% (i.e., for 2.5% PAP for 30 min) in Experiment 1 and 26.0% (i.e., for 5% chlorine for 2 min) in Experiment 2. These findings emphasise the necessity for consideration of chemical concentrations and exposure times to optimise the singulation process while highlighting challenges in achieving high post‐singulation survival rates. These insights contribute to ongoing efforts aimed at improving the efficiency and sustainability of mussel farming practices, demonstrating the potential utility of protease enzymes and chlorination in singulating spat from settlement substrate prior to their transfer to nursery systems for further ongrowing.
Grazing cover crops increases soil microbial biomass in Texas semiarid ecoregion
Authors: Mubvumba Partson , DeLaune Paul B. , Gentry Terry J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntegrated crop‐livestock systems (ICLS) bring diversity to agricultural systems, enhancing soil ecosystem services, food production, and environmental sustainability. Resource utilization efficiency practices under semiarid ecoregions include dual systems that grow wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for both grain and grazing (G) and recently complementary to wheat dual systems, cover crops (CC) for feeding both the soil and cattle during the fallow period. The latter continues to generate interest and there is a paucity of information on associated biochemical cycles. The objective was to evaluate the impact of CC and grazing thereof on soil microbiota structure, diversity, proliferation, and nutrient cycling. Introducing CC to no‐till (NT [NTC]) and grazing CC (NTCG [ICLS]), increased total PLFA biomass (TPB) for ungrazed CC (NTC) by 12%, and grazed CC (NTCG [ICLS]) by 20%; total bacteria biomass (TBB) by 10% for NTC and 24% for NTCG; total fungal biomass (TFB) by 9% for NTC and 21% for NTCG. The CC significantly increased Gram (−) bacteria biomass by 17% and 34% for NTC and NTCG, respectively; the CC significantly increased Gram (+) bacteria biomass by 6% and 12% for NTC and NTCG, respectively; and the CC significantly increased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by 55% and 89% for NTC and NTCG respectively, compared to NT fallow practice. Significant correlations were observed for NO3−–N, NH4+–N, water‐extractable organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, and water‐extractable organic carbon with TPB, TBB, and TFB using Haney soil health methods. Based on the measured parameters, the soil health status decreased in the order NTCG > NTC > NT > CT, where NT is the no‐till, C is the cover crop, G is the grazing, and CT is the conventional‐till. Grazing CC enhanced soil bacterial biomass over CC in solitude.
How many future dementia cases would be missed by a high‐risk screening program? A retrospective cohort study in a population‐based cohort
Authors: Walsh Sebastian , Wallace Lindsay , Merrick Richard , Hayat Shabina , Luben Robert , Mytton Oliver , Lafortune Louise , Brayne Carol 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONRisk prediction models aim to identify those at high risk to receive targeted interventions. We aimed to identify the proportion of future dementia cases that would be missed by a high‐risk screening program.METHODSWe identified validated dementia risk prediction models from systematic reviews. We applied these to European Prospective Investigation of Cancer Norfolk, a large population‐based cohort of 30,387 individuals with 29 years of linked healthcare data.RESULTSA maximum of 16.0% (14.7,17.2) and 31.9% (30.2,33.5) of cases arose from the highest risk decile and quintiles, respectively. For every 1000 people considered to be at high risk, a maximum of 235 (215, 255) developed dementia.DISCUSSIONSeven in every 10 cases of dementia arose from people at normal risk, and eight in every 10 people at high risk did not develop dementia. Individual‐level prevention approaches targeted at high‐risk groups are unlikely to produce large reductions in disease incidence at the population level.Highlights
Dementia, a significant public health challenge, is not an inevitability of aging; risk reduction is possible.
Several dementia risk prediction models have been validated in the general population, and these aim to identify people at high risk of the disease who can then be targeted with primary prevention interventions. An alternative prevention approach is to focus on interventions that reduce risk across the population, irrespective of risk status.
In our study, seven out of every ten people who developed dementia during 29 year follow‐up were classed as ‘normal‐risk’ (rather than ‘high risk’) at baseline. Eight out of every ten people who were at high risk at baseline did not go on to develop dementia.
Even if effective, dementia risk reduction efforts based upon targeted high‐risk approaches are unlikely to reduce incidence of disease at the population level.
Fevogrit, a polyherbal medicine, mitigates endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)‐induced fever in Wistar rats by regulating pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Sharma Sonam , Gohel Vivek , Singh Rani , Tomer Meenu , Dev Rishabh , Sinha Sandeep , Varshney Anurag 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundFever is characterized by an upregulation of the thermoregulatory set‐point after the body encounters any pathological challenge. It is accompanied by uncomfortable sickness behaviors and may be harmful in patients with other comorbidities. We have explored the impact of an Ayurvedic medicine, Fevogrit, in an endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)‐induced fever model in Wistar rats.MethodsActive phytoconstituents of Fevogrit were identified and quantified using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) platform. For the in‐vivo study, fever was induced in male Wistar rats by the intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), obtained from Escherichia coli. The animals were allocated to normal control, disease control, Paracetamol treated and Fevogrit treated groups. The rectal temperature of animals was recorded at different time points using a digital thermometer. At the 6‐h time point, levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 cytokines were analyzed in serum. Additionally, the mRNA expression of these cytokines was determined in hypothalamus, 24 h post‐LPS administration.ResultsUHPLC analysis of Fevogrit revealed the presence of picroside I, picroside II, vanillic acid, cinnamic acid, magnoflorine and cordifolioside A, as bioactive constituents with known anti‐inflammatory properties. Fevogrit treatment efficiently reduces the LPS‐induced rise in the rectal temperature of animals. The levels and gene expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 in serum and hypothalamus, respectively, was also significantly reduced by Fevogrit treatment.ConclusionThe findings of the study demonstrated that Fevogrit can suppress LPS‐induced fever by inhibiting peripheral or central inflammatory signaling pathways and could well be a viable treatment for infection‐induced increase in body temperatures.
Regulating Spin Polarization via Axial Nitrogen Traction at Fe−N5 Sites Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction for Zn−CO2 Batteries
Authors: Bao Yanran , Xiao Jiayong , Huang Yongkang , Li Youzhi , Yao Siyu , Qiu Ming , Yang Xiaoxuan , Lei Lecheng , Li Zhongjian , Hou Yang , Wu Gang , Yang Bin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSingle Fe sites have been explored as promising catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction to value‐added CO. Herein, we introduce a novel molten salt synthesis strategy for developing axial nitrogen‐coordinated Fe‐N5 sites on ultrathin defect‐rich carbon nanosheets, aiming to modulate the reaction pathway precisely. This distinctive architecture weakens the spin polarization at the Fe sites, promoting a dynamic equilibrium of activated intermediates and facilitating the balance between *COOH formation and *CO desorption at the active Fe site. Notably, the synthesized FeN5, supported on defect‐rich in nitrogen‐doped carbon (FeN5@DNC), exhibits superior performance in CO2RR, achieving a Faraday efficiency of 99 % for CO production (−0.4 V vs. RHE) in an H‐cell, and maintaining a Faraday efficiency of 98 % at a current density of 270 mA cm−2 (−1.0 V vs. RHE) in the flow cell. Furthermore, the FeN5@DNC catalyst is assembled as a reversible Zn−CO2 battery with a cycle durability of 24 hours. In situ IR spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the axial N coordination traction induces a transformation in the crystal field and local symmetry, therefore weakening the spin polarization of the central Fe atom and lowering the energy barrier for *CO desorption.
Schalten der Sauerstoffaffinität zwischen Anthracenen und Naphthalinen
Authors: Fudickar Werner , Linker Torsten 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHier wird das Design einer Anthracenyl–Naphthyl (ANT‐NAPH)‐Dyade und ihre Verwendung als lumineszierender 4‐Stufen Fotoschalter vorgestellt. Beide Segmente können unabhängig mit Singulett‐Sauerstoff reagieren, womit eine optische Rückmeldung unterbrochen wird. In der ursprünglichen Form reagiert der höher konjugierte ANT‐Teil deutlich schneller, womit die Stufe ANTO2‐NAPH eingeschaltet wird. Dies wird durch Fluoreszenz des verbleibenden NAPH‐Teils signalisiert. Zur Herabsetzung seiner Reaktivität, wurde ANT mit zwei Pyridinringen substituiert. Damit wurden zu Anfang getrennt vorliegende ANT‐ und NAPH‐Einheiten untersucht und die Reaktivität quantifiziert. Mit Protonierung der Pyridine ist eine deutlich langsamere Reaktion von ANT zu beobachten. Unter den drei verfügbaren Pyridyl‐Isomeren verstärkt sich dieser Effekt entlang der Reihe meta<para<ortho. Beim ortho‐Isomer schaltet sich das Reaktivitätsverhältnis endgültig von ANT nach NAPH um. Anwendung dieses Konzeptes an einer Dyade erlaubt es nun die ANT‐NAPHO2‐Stufe einzuschalten. Hier wird das Signal durch ANT‐Fluoreszenz gegeben. Damit wird die Sequenz aus Protonierung‐Oxygenierung‐Neutralisation zur einzigen Methode, um die nicht favorisierte Dyade‐Form ANT‐NAPHO2 zu isolieren. Da in der Dyade die Chromophore ANT und NAPH direkt verbunden sind, folgt aus ihrer Kopplung eine nicht‐oxygenierte dritte Stufe, in der die Fluoreszenz der NAPH Einheit ausgelöscht und die der ANT Einheit verstärkt ist. Aus der Reaktion beider Teile zu ANTO2‐NAPHO2 folgt schließlich eine vierte Stufe, die „dunkle“ Form.
Photocatalytic Multisite Functionalization of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes by Merging Polar Cycloaddition and Radical Ring‐Opening Process
Authors: Liu Haidong , Wang Yi‐Peng , Wang Hui , Ren Kewei , Liu Longfei , Dang Luzhen , Wang Cheng‐Qiang , Feng Chao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough highly appealing for rapid access of molecular complexity, multi‐functionalization of alkenes that allows incorporation of more than two functional groups remains a prominent challenge. Herein, we report a novel strategy that merges dipolar cycloaddition with photoredox promoted radical ring‐opening remote C(sp3)−H functionalization, thus enabling a smooth 1,2,5‐trifunctionalization of unactivated alkenes. A highly regioselective [3+2] cycloaddition anchors a reaction trigger onto alkene substrates. The subsequent halogen atom transfer (XAT) selectively initiates ring‐opening process, which is followed by a series of 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer (1,5‐HAT) and intermolecular fluorine atom transfer (FAT) events. With this method, site‐selective introduction of three different functional groups is accomplished and a broad spectrum of valuable β‐hydroxyl‐ϵ‐fluoro‐nitrile products are synthesized from readily available terminal alkenes.
Genetic structure and demographic history ofAnguilla bicolorfrom Tanzania based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequence: Implications for effective management and conservation strategies
Authors: Elmy Farhiya Ismail , Gaspare Lydia , Mfilinge Prosper Laurent , Lusana James Leonard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA genetic analysis was conducted onAnguilla bicolorfrom Tanzania using the mitochondrial COI region. The study aimed to understand the population genetic structure and demographic history ofA. bicolor. In this study, 42 samples ofA. bicolorwere collected from the Lower Rufiji River Basin and Pangani River in Tanzania between January and June 2023. The mtDNA COI sequences of 65A. bicolorfrom various Indo‐Pacific countries were retrieved from GenBank. 2.The findings revealed an overall high haplotype diversity (0.83 ± 0.033) and moderate nucleotide diversity (0.63% ± 0.000).A limited genetic differentiation between populations was observed (FST = −0.00322,p = 0.0494), indicating gene flow, leading to an absence of population structure. The haplotype network tree also supported a panmictic stock in the Indo‐Pacific region with 44 haplotypes clustered around three principal haplotypes.Furthermore, the significantly overall negative values of both Tajima'sD(−2.27,p = 0.002) and Fu's Fs (−26.36,p = 0.000) and the multimodal mismatch distribution suggested the presence of multiple demographic events inA. bicolorpopulations.Given the lack of substantial genetic structure among populations, managing the fishery as a single‐stock unit is advised, aligning with the current fisheries management practices in Tanzania. It is also crucial to ensure habitat quality along migratory paths to facilitate genetic exchange and long‐term species viability.
A computational model for single cell Lamin‐A structural organization after microfluidic compression
Authors: Maremonti Maria Isabella , Causa Filippo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, nuclear mechanobiology gained a lot of attention for the study of cell responses to external cues like adhesive forces, applied compression, and/or shear‐stresses. In details, the Lamin‐A protein—as major constituent of the cell nucleus structure—plays a crucial role in the overall nucleus mechanobiological response. However, modeling and analysis of Lamin‐A protein organization upon rapid compression conditions in microfluidics are still difficult to be performed. Here, we introduce the possibility to control an applied microfluidic compression on single cells, deforming them up to the nucleus level. In a wide range of stresses (~1–102 kPa) applied on healthy and cancer cells, we report increasing Lamin‐A intensities which scale as a power law with the applied compression. Then, an increase up to two times of the nuclear viscosity is measured in healthy cells, due to the modified Lamin‐A organization. This is ascribable to the increasing assembly of Lamin‐A filament‐like branches which increment both in number and elongation (up to branches four‐time longer). Moreover, the solution of a computational model of differential equations is presented as a powerful tool for a single cell prediction of the Lamin‐A assembly as a function of the applied compression.
Design and Synthesis of Isatin‐Tagged Isoniazid Conjugates with Cogent Antituberculosis and Radical Quenching Competence: In‐vitro and In‐silico Evaluations
Authors: Gavadia Renu , Rasgania Jyoti , Sahu Neetu , Varma‐Basil Mandira , Chauhan Varsha , Kumar Sanjay , Mor Satbir , Singh Devender , Jakhar Komal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn pursuit of potential chemotherapeutic alternates to combat severe tuberculosis infections, novel heterocyclic templates derived from clinically approved anti‐TB drug isoniazid and isatin have been synthesized that demonstrate potent inhibitory action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and compound 4i with nitrophenyl motif exhibited the highest anti‐TB efficacy with a MIC value of 2.54 μM/ml. Notably, the same nitro analog 4i shows the best antioxidant efficacy among all the synthesized compounds with an IC50 value of 37.37 μg/ml, suggesting a synergistic influence of antioxidant proficiency on the anti‐TB action. The titled compounds exhibit explicit binding affinity with the InhA receptor. The befitting biochemical reactivity and near‐appropriate pharmacokinetic proficiency of the isoniazid conjugates is reflected in the density functional theory (DFT) studies and ADMET screening. The remarkable anti‐TB action of the isoniazid cognates with marked radical quenching ability may serve as a base for developing multi‐target medications to confront drug‐resistant TB pathogens.
Effect of Spag11a gene knockout on the epididymis in mice: A histopathological and molecular analyses
Authors: Aisha Jamil , Sangeeta Kumari , Yenugu Suresh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe sperm‐associated antigen 11a (Spag11a) gene is exclusively expressed in the caput epididymis. Our previous studies demonstrated that small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐mediated ablation of this gene resulted in increased proliferation of epididymal epithelial cells. Further, active immunization‐mediated ablation of SPAG11A protein increased the susceptibility of male reproductive tract tissues to diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced tumorigenesis. In this study, we report that the caput epididymis of Spag11a knockout mice displayed hyperplasia and inflammation, while the caput epididymis of wild‐type mice exhibited normal anatomical structure. Global transcriptome analyses in the caput epididymis of knockout mice indicated differential expression of genes involved in a variety of cellular processes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses suggested that the absence of Spag11a may activate microRNAs associated with cancer, chemical carcinogenesis‐receptor activation, and chemical carcinogenesis‐DNA adducts pathways; which may contribute to the promotion of tumorigenesis in the epididymis. The susceptibility of caput epididymis to chemically induced carcinogenesis in Spag11a knockout mice was analyzed. Histological analyses indicated that while the epididymis of wild‐type mice did not show any signs of tumorigenesis, knockout mice displayed hyperplasia, anaplasia, dysplasia, neoplasia, and inflammation in the caput epididymis. Our results provide concrete evidence that deletion of Spag11a induces histopathological and molecular changes that contribute to tumorigenesis. It is possible that the expression of Spag11a gene could be one of the reasons for the rarity of epididymal cancers. The involvement of an epididymal gene in tumorigenesis is being demonstrated for the first time.
Induced expression of AMOT reverses adriamycin resistance in breast cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Haige , Wang Yingyi , Gao Ya , Du Mingming , Pan Erhu , Sun Mingliang , Zhang Xiaozhi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdriamycin (ADR) is widely used against breast cancer, but subsequent resistance always occurs. YAP, a downstream protein of angiomotin (AMOT), importantly contributes to ADR resistance, whereas the mechanism is largely unknown. MCF‐7 cells and MDA‐MB‐231 cells were used to establish ADR‐resistant cell. Then, mRNA and protein expressions of AMOT and YAP expressions were determined. After AMOT transfection alone or in combination with YAP, the sensitivity of the cells to ADR were evaluated in vitro by examining cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle, as well as in vivo by examining tumor growth. Additionally, the expressions of proteins in YAP pathway were determined in AMOT‐overexpressing cells. In the ADR‐resistant cells, the expression of AMOT was decreased while YAP was increased, respectively, and the nucleus localization of YAP was increased at the same time. After AMOT overexpression, these were inhibited, whereas the cell sensitivity to ADR was enhanced. However, the AMOT‐induced changes were significantly suppressed by YAP knockdown. The consistent results in vivo showed that AMOT enhanced the inhibition of ADR on tumor growth, and inhibited YAP signaling, evidenced by decreased levels of YAP, CycD1, and p‐ERK. Our data revealed that decreased AMOT contributed to ADR resistance in breast cancer cells, which was importantly negatively mediated YAP. These observations provide a potential therapy against breast cancer with ADR resistance.
Osteopoikilosis—the incidental finding of a rare bone dysplasia: A case report
Authors: Rosa‐Juana Tejera‐Pérez , Ana Aguilar‐López , Julia Marfil‐Daza , Sara Castaño‐Pérez 
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical MessageOsteopoikilosis is an asymptomatic osteosclerotic dysplasia, of autosomal dominant inheritance, which does not cause deformity or alteration in bone development, of incidental diagnosis. The differential diagnosis should be made with osteoblastic metastases, among others, especially if it is asymmetric and in patients over 50 years of age.AbstractOsteopoikilosis is a rare benign bone disease, characterized by the appearance of bone islands in the osseous tissue, which could be confused with bone metastasis. We present the case of a 69‐year‐old man, in whom the presence of multiple punctate lesions spread throughout the skeleton was discovered after an accidental fall with a fracture of the T11 vertebral body complicated by acute osteomyelitis. The importance of this clinical case lies in the need to rule out neoplastic cause after the vertebral fracture, since osteopoikilosis is usually an incidental finding and the specific characteristics of the radiological image would avoid unnecessary interventions.