bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal milk sustains micronutrient nutrition and child anthropometry among pastoralists in Samburu, Kenya
Authors: Iannotti Lora , Lesorogol Carolyn 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMilk has been integral to pastoralist nutrition for thousands of years, but as communities move toward settled livelihoods, milk consumption is dropping with only minimal evidence for the health and nutrition implications. This longitudinal study aimed to first test whether increased dependency on agriculture reduced household milk production and consumption, and ultimately, nutrient adequacy among the Samburu pastoralists. Second, we investigated whether household milk availability affected child milk intakes and anthropometry. Socioeconomic and dietary intake data were collected from households (n = 200) in 2000, 2005, and 2010, and anthropometric measures and individual child milk intakes in 2012. Nutrient intakes were assessed by the probability of nutrient adequacy method, and generalized least‐squared regression modeling with mixed effects was applied to identify predictors of milk consumption. Milk contributed 10% of energy intakes, below maize (52%) and sugar (11%), but over one‐half of critical micronutrients, vitamins A, B12, and C. Livestock holdings and income increased the likelihood of higher milk intakes (overall adj R2 = 0.88,P < 0.001). Undernutrition was widely prevalent among young children: stunting (30.6%); underweight (23.9%); and wasting (8.6%). There was evidence for a previously described Nilotic body type in the youth, who were taller and thinner than the international reference. Milk consumption at the household level was positively associated with higher body mass index z scores among youth (P < 0.001). Programming for livestock development may better ensure micronutrient nutrition in Samburu, while deeper investigation into the diet and growth patterns of pastoralists could provide insight into leaner and taller anthropometrics for other populations globally. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:66–76, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide and cognitive decline in older adults at high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Wijsman Liselotte W. , Sabayan Behnam , van Vliet Peter , Trompet Stella , de Ruijter Wouter , Poortvliet Rosalinde K. E. , van Peet Petra G. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Jukema J. Wouter , Stott David J. , Sattar Naveed , Ford Ian , Westendorp Rudi G. J. , de Craen Anton J. M. , Mooijaart Simon P. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveElevated levels of N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) are associated with cognitive impairment, which might be explained by cardiovascular diseases or risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of NT‐proBNP with cognitive function and decline in older adults at high risk of cardiovascular disease.MethodsWe studied 5,205 men and women (mean age = 75 years) who were recruited into the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk. All participants had pre‐existing cardiovascular disease or risk factors thereof. Four domains of cognitive function were tested at baseline and repeated during a follow‐up period of 3.2 years.ResultsParticipants with higher NT‐proBNP (≥450ng/l) had worse baseline cognitive function, including reaction time (mean difference high vs low group = 3.07 seconds, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83 to 5.32), processing speed (−1.02 digits coded, 95% CI = −1.65 to −0.39), and immediate memory (−0.13 pictures remembered, 95% CI = −0.29 to 0.04). There was no significant difference in delayed memory (−0.14, 95% CI = −0.38 to 0.10) between the NT‐proBNP groups. Participants with higher NT‐proBNP had a steeper cognitive decline, including reaction time (mean annual change high vs low group = 0.60 seconds, 95% CI = 0.14 to 1.07), processing speed (−0.15 digits coded, 95% CI = −0.25 to −0.05), immediate memory (−0.05 pictures remembered, 95% CI = −0.09 to 0.00), and delayed memory (−0.05 pictures remembered, 95% CI = −0.11 to 0.01). Associations were independent of cardiovascular diseases and risks.InterpretationHigher NT‐proBNP associates with worse cognitive function and steeper cognitive decline, independent of cardiovascular diseases and risks. Further studies to unravel the underlying mechanisms are warranted. Ann Neurol 2014;76:213–222
Contribution of Mast Cell–Derived Interleukin‐1β to Uric Acid Crystal–Induced Acute Arthritis in Mice
Authors: Reber Laurent L. , Marichal Thomas , Sokolove Jeremy , Starkl Philipp , Gaudenzio Nicolas , Iwakura Yoichiro , Karasuyama Hajime , Schwartz Lawrence B. , Robinson William H. , Tsai Mindy , Galli Stephen J. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveGouty arthritis is caused by the precipitation of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals in the joints. While it has been reported that mast cells (MCs) infiltrate gouty tophi, little is known about the actual roles of MCs during acute attacks of gout. This study was undertaken to assess the role of MCs in a mouse model of MSU crystal–induced acute arthritis.MethodsWe assessed the effects of intraarticular (IA) injection of MSU crystals in various strains of mice with constitutive or inducible MC deficiency or in mice lacking interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) or other elements of innate immunity. We also assessed the response to IA injection of MSU crystals in genetically MC‐deficient mice after IA engraftment of wild‐type or IL‐1β–/– bone marrow–derived cultured MCs.ResultsMCs were found to augment acute tissue swelling following IA injection of MSU crystals in mice. IL‐1β production by MCs contributed importantly to MSU crystal–induced tissue swelling, particularly during its early stages. Selective depletion of synovial MCs was able to diminish MSU crystal–induced acute inflammation in the joints.ConclusionOur findings identify a previously unrecognized role of MCs and MC‐derived IL‐1β in the early stages of MSU crystal–induced acute arthritis in mice.
Using an aqueous two‐phase polymer‐salt system to rapidly concentrate viruses for improving the detection limit of the lateral‐flow immunoassay
Authors: Jue Erik , Yamanishi Cameron D. , Chiu Ricky Y.T. , Wu Benjamin M. , Kamei Daniel T. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe development of point‐of‐need (PON) diagnostics for viruses has the potential to prevent pandemics and protects against biological warfare threats. Here we discuss the approach of using aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPSs) to concentrate biomolecules prior to the lateral‐flow immunoassay (LFA) for improved viral detection. In this paper, we developed a rapid PON detection assay as an extension to our previous proof‐of‐concept studies which used a micellar ATPS. We present our investigation of a more rapid polymer‐salt ATPS that can drastically improve the assay time, and show that the phase containing the concentrated biomolecule can be extracted prior to macroscopic phase separation equilibrium without affecting the measured biomolecule concentration in that phase. We could therefore significantly decrease the time of the diagnostic assay with an early extraction time of just 30 min. Using this rapid ATPS, the model virus bacteriophage M13 was concentrated between approximately 2 and 10‐fold by altering the volume ratio between the two phases. As the extracted virus‐rich phase contained a high salt concentration which destabilized the colloidal gold indicator used in LFA, we decorated the gold nanoprobes with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to provide steric stabilization, and used these nanoprobes to demonstrate a 10‐fold improvement in the LFA detection limit. Lastly, a MATLAB script was used to quantify the LFA results with and without the pre‐concentration step. This approach of combining a rapid ATPS with LFA has great potential for PON applications, especially as greater concentration‐fold improvements can be achieved by further varying the volume ratio. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2499–2507. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CT versus FDG‐PET/CT response evaluation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan and cetuximab
Authors: Skougaard Kristin , Johannesen Helle Hjorth , Nielsen Dorte , Schou Jakob Vasehus , Jensen Benny Vittrup , Høgdall Estrid V. S. , Hendel Helle Westergren 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe compared morphologic computed tomography (CT)‐based to metabolic fluoro‐deoxy‐glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT‐based response evaluation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and correlated the findings with survival and KRAS status. From 2006 to 2009, patients were included in a phase II trial and treated with cetuximab and irinotecan every second week. They underwent FDG‐PET/CT examination at baseline and after every fourth treatment cycle. Response evaluation was performed prospectively according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.0) and retrospectively according to Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST). Best overall responses were registered. Sixty‐one patients were eligible for response evaluation. Partial response (PR) rate was 18%, stable disease (SD) rate 64%, and progressive disease (PD) rate 18%. Partial metabolic response (PMR) rate was 56%, stable metabolic disease rate 33%, and progressive metabolic disease (PMD) rate 11%. Response agreement was poor, κ‐coefficient 0.19. Hazard ratio for overall survival for responders (PR/PMR) versus nonresponders (PD/PMD) was higher for CT‐ than for FDG‐PET/CT evaluation. Within patients with KRAS mutations, none had PR but 44% had PMR. In conclusion, morphologic and metabolic response agreement was poor primarily because a large part of the patients shifted from SD with CT evaluation to PMR when evaluated with FDG‐PET/CT. Furthermore, a larger fraction of the patients with KRAS mutations had a metabolic treatment response.
Tagging Live Cells that Express Specific Peptidase Activity with Solid‐State Fluorescence
Authors: Prost Maxime , Canaple Laurence , Samarut Jacques , Hasserodt Jens 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA three‐component probe harnesses the extraordinary properties of a solid‐state fluorophore for the detection of living cells exhibiting a particular peptidase activity. The off–on mode by which the probe operates, the bright fluorescence of the resulting precipitate, and the rapid response allow an exceptional signal‐to‐background ratio during microscopic imaging. A tertiary carbamate link between the spacer and phenolic fluorophore is at the heart of the probe's long‐term stability. The degree of chlorination of the probe determines its response time and thus its suitability for live‐cell analysis. Our probe also allows highly resolved localization of peptidase activity during gel analysis or on agar. In comparison, probes releasing soluble fluorophores demonstrate complete diffusion of the fluorescent signal. These results demonstrate the probe's potential for diverse biomedical applications, including high‐fidelity flow cytometry and sensitive colony assays.
Effects of carbon‐ion beam irradiation on the angiogenic response in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Liu Yang , Zhang Hong , Sun Chao , Zhao Qiuyue , Di Cixia , Li Hongyan , Gan Lu , Wang Yali 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRadiotherapy has been focused mainly on killing cancer cells, and little attention has been paid to the process supporting tumor growth and metastasis, including the process of angiogenesis. To investigate the effects of carbon‐ion irradiation on angiogenesis in lung cancer cells, we examined the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in the tumor conditioned medium (TCM) of A549 cells exposed to carbon‐ion or X‐ray irradiation, as well as endothelial cell growth, invasion, and tube formation induced by TCM. No changes in vascular endothelial growth factor secretion were detected in the TCM of A549 cells exposed to carbon‐ion irradiation at 2 or 4 Gy, whereas 1 Gy of irradiation significantly decreased vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor levels. Carbon‐ion irradiation at 1 Gy inhibited endothelial cell invasion and tube formation. The TCM from A549 cells irradiated with X‐ray promoted angiogenesis, whereas the TCM of A549 cells exposed to carbon‐ion irradiation at 2 or 4 Gy had no effect. These findings suggest that carbon‐ion irradiation at 1 Gy significantly suppressed the process of angiogenesis in vitro by inhibiting endothelial cell invasion and tube formation, which are related to vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor production.
Evolutionarily conserved organization of the dopaminergic system in lamprey: SNc/VTA afferent and efferent connectivity and D2 receptor expression
Authors: Pérez‐Fernández Juan , Stephenson‐Jones Marcus , Suryanarayana Shreyas M. , Robertson Brita , Grillner Sten 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe dopaminergic system influences motor behavior, signals reward and novelty, and is an essential component of the basal ganglia in all vertebrates including the lamprey, one of the phylogenetically oldest vertebrates. The intrinsic organization and function of the lamprey basal ganglia is highly conserved. For instance, the direct and indirect pathways are modulated through dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in lamprey and in mammals. The nucleus of the tuberculum posterior, a homologue of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc)/ventral tegmental area (VTA) is present in lamprey, but only scarce data exist about its connectivity. Likewise, the D2 receptor is expressed in the striatum, but little is known about its localization in other brain areas. We used in situ hybridization and tracer injections, both in combination with tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry, to characterize the SNc/VTA efferent and afferent connectivity, and to relate its projection pattern with D2 receptor expression in particular. We show that most features of the dopaminergic system are highly conserved. As in mammals, the direct pallial (cortex in mammals) input and the basal ganglia connectivity with the SNc/VTA are present as part of the evaluation system, as well as input from the tectum as the evolutionary basis for salience/novelty detection. Moreover, the SNc/VTA receives sensory information from the olfactory bulbs, optic tectum, octavolateral area, and dorsal column nucleus, and it innervates, apart from the nigrostriatal pathway, several motor‐related areas. This suggests that the dopaminergic system also contributes to the control of different motor centers at the brainstem level. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3775–3794, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Masonry – a sustainable building material / Mauerwerk – ein nachhaltiges Baumaterial
Authors: Graubner Carl‐Alexander , Pohl Sebastian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe construction and real estate industry in general and residential buildings in particular are essential pillars of the national sustainability strategy in Germany and extremely important for resilient socio‐economic development. By performing life‐cycle examinations of different building types, the Institute for Concrete and Masonry Structures at Darmstadt University of Technology has analysed the sustainability characteristics of residential masonry buildings with regard to common German sustainability certification systems. This paper gives an overview of the key findings of the examinations. It is a condensed version of the authors’ article for the 9th International Masonry Conference 2014 in Portugal [1] and at the same time a preview of a forthcoming paper in this journal (Vol. 18, No. 5).
Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition of Highly Transparent Multifunctional Gd2O3:RE/SiO2 (RE = Eu and Tb) Films
Authors: Lee Byung‐Il , Jeong Heejin , Byeon Song‐Ho 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTransparent, luminescent (Gd2O3:RE/SiO2) thin films (RE = Eu and Tb) have been fabricated by annealing [RE‐doped layered gadolinium hydroxide (LGdH:RE) nanosheet/SiO2 nanoparticle]n films (n = the number of deposition cycles) deposited on a single quartz glass substrate by the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly technique. To avoid energy transfer between different activator ions, which frequently occurs when multiple activator‐doped LGdHs are used as precursor nanosheets, the emission colors of our oxide films were tuned by changing the mixing ratios of the individual LGdH:Eu and LGdH:Tb colloidal solutions used in the LbL deposition. Deposited films of sufficient thickness (n = 30) displayed bright emission colors ranging from green to red under 254 nm UV irradiation, depending on the mixing ratio. Although the large number of deposition cycles resulted in a lack of antireflection properties in the films, the porous surfaces induced by SiO2 nanoparticles led to superhydrophilic and antifogging properties without significant loss of transparency in the visible range compared with the bare quartz substrate.
Impact of the Presence of Octadecylamine on the Properties of Hydrothermally Prepared CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Georgiadou Violetta , Dendrinou‐Samara Catherine 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized in a new synthetic system from metal acetylacetonates in the presence of octadecylamine (ODA) in autoclaves with subcritical water. By altering the water extent and ratio of the precursors, four samples were isolated. High crystallinity MNPs of various sizes (26, 15, 18, 9 nm) and saturation magnetization (71, 87, 93, 64 emu g–1) were formed. The organic coating was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the free amine groups were detected by a ninhydrin assay. Under the present conditions, the CoFe2O4 MNPs were covered by a bilayer consisting of N‐octadecylamide and ODA. The MNPs were converted into fluorescence probes through the formation of a sulfonamide bond between ODA and sulforhodamine B (SRB). NMR relaxometric measurements were performed for MNPs modified with SRB, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and by 2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid. The bimodal magnetic fluorescent MNPs showed relaxivity values of up to r2 = 219.5 mM–1 s–1, which renders them promising as dual agents.
Functionalization of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines by Means of Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Koubachi Jamal , El Kazzouli Saïd , Bousmina Mosto , Guillaumet Gérald 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis review surveys recent developments (reported in the last fifteen years) in organometallic‐chemistry‐based methods for the functionalization of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines, in particular the decoration of the pyridine and imidazole rings by means of reactions such as Sonogashira, Heck, Negishi, Suzuki–Miyaura, and Stille cross‐coupling, as well as by C–H activation, C‐arylation, C‐alkenylation, and carbonylation. Results relating to one‐pot double functionalization of two different positions on the imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine system are also reviewed. Procedures in which metal‐based catalysis is not involved in the functionalization of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines are not included.
Spinal release of tumour necrosis factor activates c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and mediates inflammation‐induced hypersensitivity
Authors: Bas D.B. , Abdelmoaty S. , Sandor K. , Codeluppi S. , Fitzsimmons B. , Steinauer J. , Hua X.Y. , Yaksh T.L. , Svensson C.I. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundMounting evidence points to individual contributions of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF) and the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway to the induction and maintenance of various pain states. Here we explore the role of spinal TNF and JNK in carrageenan‐induced hypersensitivity. As links between TNF and JNK have been demonstrated in vitro, we investigated if TNF regulates spinal JNK activity in vivo.MethodsTNF levels in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, spinal TNF gene expression by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and TNF protein expression, JNK and c‐Jun phosphorylation by western blotting. The role of spinal TNF and JNK in inflammation‐induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity was assessed by injecting the TNF inhibitor etanercept and the JNK inhibitors SP600125 and JIP‐1 intrathecally (i.t.). TNF‐mediated regulation of JNK activity was examined by assessing the effect of i.t. etanercept on inflammation‐induced spinal JNK activity.ResultsTNF levels were increased in CSF and spinal cord following carrageenan‐induced inflammation. While JNK phosphorylation followed the same temporal pattern as TNF, c‐jun was only activated at later time points. Intrathecal injection of TNF and JNK inhibitors attenuated carrageenan‐induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. TNF stimulation induced JNK phosphorylation in cultured spinal astrocytes and blocking the spinal actions of TNF in vivo by i.t. injection of etanercept reduced inflammation‐induced spinal JNK activity.ConclusionsHere we show that spinal JNK activity is dependent on TNF and that both TNF and the JNK signalling pathways modulate pain‐like behaviour induced by peripheral inflammation.
Nonlinear finite element analysis of three‐dimensional free and harmonically forced vibrations of stranded conductor cables
Authors: Oliveto Nicholas D. , Sivaselvan Mettupalayam V. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThe 3D finite deformation beam model originally developed by Simo is appropriately modified to derive a finite element formulation for the static and dynamic analysis of flexible electrical conductors. In contrast to what is currently carried out in the literature, a linear viscoelastic constitutive equation and an additional mass proportional damping mechanism are introduced to account for energy dissipation in a physically consistent way. The model is used for simulation of free and forced vibration tests performed on an actual electrical conductor. Energy balance calculations illustrate the reliability of the computations. The experiments reveal amplitude dependence of both stiffness and damping, pointing out the presence of material nonlinearity in the cable. The development of numerical models that can account for the amplitude dependence of bending stiffness and energy dissipation capacity is subject of current computational and experimental work. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.