bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating nurse plants for restoring native woody species to degraded subtropical woodlands
Authors: Yelenik Stephanie G. , DiManno Nicole , D'Antonio Carla M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHarsh habitats dominated by invasive species are difficult to restore. Invasive grasses in arid environments slow succession toward more desired composition, yet grass removal exacerbates high light and temperature, making the use of “nurse plants” an appealing strategy. In this study of degraded subtropical woodlands dominated by alien grasses in Hawai'i, we evaluated whether individuals of two native (Dodonaea viscosa, Leptocophylla tameiameia) and one non‐native (Morella faya) woody species (1) act as natural nodes of recruitment for native woody species and (2) can be used to enhance survivorship of outplanted native woody species. To address these questions, we quantified the presence and persistence of seedlings naturally recruiting beneath adult nurse shrubs and compared survival and growth of experimentally outplanted seedlings of seven native woody species under the nurse species compared to intact and cleared alien‐grass plots. We found that the two native nurse shrubs recruit their own offspring, but do not act as establishment nodes for other species. Morella faya recruited even fewer seedlings than native shrubs. Thus, outplanting will be necessary to increase abundance and diversity of native woody species. Outplant survival was the highest under shrubs compared to away from them with few differences between nurse species. The worst habitat for native seedling survival and growth was within the unmanaged invasive grass matrix. Although the two native nurse species did not differentially affect outplant survival, D. viscosa is the most widespread and easily propagated and is thus more likely to be useful as an initial nurse species. The outplanted species showed variable responses to nurse habitats that we attribute to resource requirements resulting from their typical successional stage and nitrogen fixation capability.
Structure of trophic and mutualistic networks across broad environmental gradients
Authors: Welti Ellen A. R. , Joern Anthony 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study aims to understand how inherent ecological network structures of nestedness and modularity vary over large geographic scales with implications for community stability. Bipartite networks from previous research from 68 locations globally were analyzed. Using a meta‐analysis approach, we examine relationships between the structure of 22 trophic and 46 mutualistic bipartite networks in response to extensive gradients of temperature and precipitation. Network structures varied significantly across temperature gradients. Trophic networks showed decreasing modularity with increasing variation in temperature within years. Nestedness of mutualistic networks decreased with increasing temperature variability between years. Mean annual precipitation and variability of precipitation were not found to have significant influence on the structure of either trophic or mutualistic networks. By examining changes in ecological networks across large‐scale abiotic gradients, this study identifies temperature variability as a potential environmental mediator of community stability. Understanding these relationships contributes to our ability to predict responses of biodiversity to climate change at the community level.
Buchwald–Hartwig Reactions of Monohaloflavones
Authors: Kónya Krisztina , Pajtás Dávid , Kiss‐Szikszai Attila , Patonay Tamás 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe article describes the amination of different monobromo‐ or monochloroflavones with primary and secondary alkylamines and aniline derivatives by Buchwald–Hartwig reaction. The influence of the phosphine ligands used is described. The use of amino acid derivatives as a nitrogen source is also demonstrated. This latter reaction allows the synthesis of unique flavone–amino‐acid conjugates.
An experimental investigation on char pattern and depth at postflashover compartments using medium‐density fibreboard (MDF)
Authors: Li Kai‐Yuan , Wang Jinhui , Ji Jie 
Published: December 2014

SummaryTo determine the fire origins for postflashover compartments, the char pattern and depth are investigated. A set of experiments was carried out using large‐scale compartments made of medium‐density fibreboard. A liquefied petroleum gas burner was used as the ignition source to mimic the fire origin. The burner was set at different locations in different experiments. It is found that time to flashover, intermittent flame of gas burner and ventilation condition have effects on the char patterns. The ‘ventilation patterns’ are likely to confuse the fire investigators; therefore, it needs to be identified from the ‘flame patterns’. In general, the ventilation patterns at the floor would initiate directly from the compartment opening. CFD simulations is used to reflect the ventilation conditions during fires thus assisting the identification of ventilation patterns. For those cases with less distinguishable char patterns, the profiles of total leftover material thickness and char depth were used to determine the fire origin. The char layer and total thickness in the flame regions were found to be respectively deeper and thinner than the rest parts of the compartment. The ventilation condition also affects the char depth profile; therefore, it cannot be ignored from analysis. At the end, a strategy of fire origin determination is proposed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Double‐layered emulsions as beverage clouding agents
Authors: Zhang Jian , Peppard Terry L. , Reineccius Gary A. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThere is a constant interest in finding alternatives to gum arabic in flavour and beverage industries. The ability to prepare beverage‐cloud emulsions using a layer‐by‐layer deposition technique was developed with extremely low usage levels of proteins and polysaccharides. Sodium caseinate (S) and β‐lactoglobulin (L) were selected to stabilize the primary emulsions. Polysaccharides of sodium alginate (A), ι‐carrageenan (C), gum arabic (G) and pectin (P) were evaluated as secondary layers. Polysaccharide concentration was optimized based on droplet size and ζ‐potential. The performance of double‐layered emulsions in beverage‐cloud applications was evaluated. Polysaccharide concentration and pH were found critical to the formation of stable multilayered emulsions. Protein and polysaccharide type also impacted droplet size and ζ‐potential of multilayered emulsions. β‐Lactoglobulin was found to be better than sodium caseinate in forming protein–polysaccharide interfacial complexes, as demonstrated by smaller mean droplet diameters (MDD) of L–A, L–P and L–C than those of S–A, S–P and S–C. It was also found that the polysaccharide concentration has to be above a critical value (0.2–0.5 wt% depending on the type of polysaccharides) to prevent multilayered emulsions from bridging flocculation. Data showed that double‐layered emulsions of L–A, L–C and L–G formed by electrostatic deposition could provide the same performance as traditional emulsifiers of gum arabic (G) and modified starch (M). After four weeks of storage at room temperature, beverage clouds stabilized with G, M, L–A, L–C and L–G showed MDDs of 0.68, 0.67, 0.90, 0.82 and 0.65 µm, respectively, and turbidity losses of 18, 28, 22, 19 and 25%, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tailored Selection of Study Individuals to be Sequenced in Order to Improve the Accuracy of Genotype Imputation
Authors: Peil Barbara , Kabisch Maria , Fischer Christine , Hamann Ute , Bermejo Justo Lorenzo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe addition of sequence data from own‐study individuals to genotypes from external data repositories, for example, the HapMap, has been shown to improve the accuracy of imputed genotypes. Early approaches for reference panel selection favored individuals who best reflect recombination patterns in the study population. By contrast, a maximization of genetic diversity in the reference panel has been recently proposed. We investigate here a novel strategy to select individuals for sequencing that relies on the characterization of the ancestral kernel of the study population. The simulated study scenarios consisted of several combinations of subpopulations from HapMap. HapMap individuals who did not belong to the study population constituted an external reference panel which was complemented with the sequences of study individuals selected according to different strategies. In addition to a random choice, individuals with the largest statistical depth according to the first genetic principal components were selected. In all simulated scenarios the integration of sequences from own‐study individuals increased imputation accuracy. The selection of individuals based on the statistical depth resulted in the highest imputation accuracy for European and Asian study scenarios, whereas random selection performed best for an African‐study scenario. Present findings indicate that there is no universal ‘best strategy’ to select individuals for sequencing. We propose to use the methodology described in the manuscript to assess the advantage of focusing on the ancestral kernel under own study characteristics (study size, genetic diversity, availability and properties of external reference panels, frequency of imputed variants…).
Endoscopic transnasal approaches to pterygopalatine fossa tumors
Authors: Battaglia Paolo , Turri–Zanoni Mario , Lepera Davide , Sica Eleonora , Karligkiotis Apostolos , Dallan Iacopo , Castelnuovo Paolo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a difficult area to access, as it has been traditionally treated by external approaches. The development of endoscopic transnasal approaches enables surgeons to reach this region through a minimally invasive route, reducing the associated morbidity.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients with benign and malignant tumors arising in or extending to the PPF, treated from 2000 to 2013 at a single institute, using endoscopic transnasal transmaxillary approaches.ResultsThirty‐seven consecutive patients with benign (27 cases) and malignant (10 cases) tumors were treated with curative intent. Radical resection was achieved in 36 of 37 patients. No major complications were observed. No local recurrences were observed, with a median follow‐up of 38.5 months for malignancies and 60 months for benign tumors.ConclusionThe endoscopic transnasal approaches are safe and feasible techniques for the radical resection of selected tumors involving the PPF and should be tailored according to the biology and extension of the lesion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E214–E220, 2016
Post‐training, intrahippocampal HDAC inhibition differentially impacts neural circuits underlying spatial memory in adult and aged mice
Authors: Dagnas Malorie , Micheau Jacques , Decorte Laurence , Beracochea Daniel , Mons Nicole 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTConverging evidence indicates that pharmacologically elevating histone acetylation using post‐training, systemic or intrahippocampal, administration of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) can enhance memory consolidation processes in young rodents but it is not yet clear, whether such treatment is sufficient to prevent memory impairments associated with aging. To address this question, we used a 1‐day massed spatial learning task in the water maze to investigate the effects of immediate post‐training injection of the HDACi trichostatin A (TSA) into the dorsal hippocampus on long‐term memory consolidation in 3–4 and 18–20 month‐old mice. We show that TSA improved the 24 h‐memory retention for the hidden platform location in young‐adults, but failed to rescue memory impairments in older mice. The results further indicate that Young‐TSA mice sacrificed 1 h after training had a robust increase in histone H4 acetylation in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region (dCA1) and the dorsomedial part of the striatum (DMS), a structure important for spatial information processing. Importantly, TSA infusion in aged mice completely rescued altered H4 acetylation in the dCA1 but failed to alleviate age‐associated decreased H4 acetylation in the DMS. Moreover, intrahippocampal TSA infusion produced concomitant decreases (in adults) or increases (in older mice) of acetylated histone levels in the ventral hippocampus (vCA1 and vCA3) and the lateral amygdala, two structures critically involved in stress and emotional responses. These data suggest that the failure of post‐training, intrahippocampal TSA injection to reverse age‐associated memory impairments may be related to an inability to recruit appropriate circuit‐specific epigenetic patterns during early consolidation processes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MicroRNA‐139‐5p Suppresses 3T3‐L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation Through Notch and IRS1/PI3K/Akt Insulin Signaling Pathways
Authors: Mi Lin , Chen Yaosheng , Zheng Xueli , Li Youlei , Zhang Qiangling , Mo Delin , Yang Gongshe 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the regulation of adipogenesis. Identification of the full repertoire of miRNAs expressed in adipose tissue is likely to significantly improve our understanding of adipose tissue growth and development. Here, miR‐139–5p was identified as an inhibitor of 3T3‐L1 adipocyte differentiation with significantly down‐regulating the expression levels of adipogenic marker genes PPAR γ (P < 0.01), aP2 (P < 0.01) and FAS (P < 0.01). Importantly, flow cytometry and EdU incorporation assay indicated that this inhibition was partly due to the dysfunction of clonal expansion. Furthermore, we firstly demonstrated that miR‐139–5p blocked adipogenesis via directly targeted the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of Notch1 and IRS1 mRNAs, a key member of Notch signaling and IRS1/PI3K/Akt insulin signaling, respectively. In addition, the overexpression of Notch1 or IRS1 partially restored the suppressive effects miR‐139–5p on differentiation of 3T3‐L1 cells. To our knowledge, this was the first report that miR‐139–5p functioned negatively by targeting Notch1 and IRS1 during 3T3‐L1 adipogenesis, regulating the transition from clonal expansion to terminal differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1195–1204, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heparan Sulfate D‐Glucosaminyl 3‐O‐Sulfotransferase‐3B1 (HS3ST3B1) Promotes Angiogenesis and Proliferation by Induction of VEGF in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Zhang Lei , Song Kai , Zhou Ling , Xie Zhishen , Zhou Ping , Zhao Yiming , Han Yue , Xu Xiaojun , Li Ping 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTHeparan sulfate (HS) are complex polysaccharides that reside on the plasma membrane of almost all mammalian cells, and play an important role in physiological and pathological conditions. Heparan sulfate D‐glucosamine 3‐O‐sulfotransferase 3B1 (HS3ST3B1) participates in the last biosynthetic steps of HS and transfers sulfate to the 3‐O‐position of glucosamine residues to yield mature sugar chains. To date very few biological processes or proteins have been described that are modulated by HS3ST3B1. In this study, we observed that HS3ST3B1 positively contributed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression in vitro and in vivo, and these activities were associated with an induction of the proangiogenic factor VEGF expression and shedding. Moreover, the effects of HS3ST3B1 on VEGF release can be attenuated after treatment of heparanase inhibitor suramin, which prevented VEGF secretion and subsequently blocked VEGF‐induced activation of ERK and AKT, suggesting that 3‐O‐sulfation of HS by HS3ST3B1 facilitated VEGF shedding; the effects of HS3ST3B1 on activation of ERK and AKT can also be blocked by VEGFR inhibitor axitinib, suggestive of a relationship between 3‐O‐sulfation of HS and VEGF‐activated signaling pathways. Taken together, our findings support that VEGF is an important functional target of HS3ST3B1 and provide a new mechanism of HS3ST3B1 in AML. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1101–1112, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resveratrol Potentiates Vitamin D and Nuclear Receptor Signaling
Authors: Dampf Stone Angelika , Batie Shane F. , Sabir Marya S. , Jacobs Elizabeth T. , Lee Jamie H. , Whitfield G. Kerr , Haussler Mark R. , Jurutka Peter W. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) hormone is derived from vitamin D generated in skin or obtained from the diet, and binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in target tissues including kidney, colon/small intestine, and bone/muscle. We tested resveratrol for its ability to modulate VDR signaling, using vitamin D responsive element (VDRE) and mammalian 2‐hybrid (M2H) transcriptional system technology. Via VDRE‐based assays in kidney, colon and myoblast cells, VDR‐mediated transcription was activated by resveratrol, and a cooperative effect on transactivation was observed with resveratrol plus 1,25D. The M2H assay revealed a modest, resveratrol‐induced dimerization of VDR with its retinoid X receptor (RXR) heteropartner. Cells treated with both resveratrol and 1,25D displayed synergistic stimulation of VDR–RXR heterodimerization, while resveratrol antagonized rexinoid‐mediated RXR‐RXR homodimerization. Increased transactivation in response to resveratrol was also observed with a subset of other nuclear receptors and their respective cognate responsive elements. Evaluation of wild‐type versus a ligand‐binding domain mutant VDR revealed that hormone‐responsiveness to 1,25D was severely depressed, while the response to resveratrol was only moderately attenuated. Moreover, radiolabeled 1,25D‐displacement assays demonstrated an increase in VDR‐bound 1,25D in the presence of resveratrol. Thus, resveratrol may affect VDR and other nuclear receptors indirectly, likely via the ability of resveratrol to: (1) potentiate 1,25D binding to VDR; (2) activate RXR; and/or (3) stimulate SIRT1, an enzyme known to deacetylate nuclear receptors. The results of this study elucidate a possible pathway for crosstalk between two nutritionally derived lipids, vitamin D and resveratrol, both of which converge on VDR signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1130–1143, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Enumeration of Certain Projective Ternary Two‐Weight Codes
Authors: Martis Michael , Bamberg John , Morris Sylvia 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe detail the enumeration of all two‐intersection sets of the five‐dimensional projective space over the field of order 3 that are invariant under an element of order 7, which include the examples of Hill (1973) and Gulliver (1996). Up to projective equivalence, there are 6,635 such two‐intersection sets.
Modelling of membranes in the material point method with applications
Authors: Hamad Fursan , Stolle Dieter , Vermeer Pieter 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe objective of this paper is to formulate and validate an accurate MPM approach for the numerical simulation of the large displacement of membranes containing soil. In the proposed approach, the membrane is discretised by a surface mesh that allows accurate simulation of membrane stresses. The membrane is free to move through a three‐dimensional grid for a continuum consisting of tetrahedral elements. The approach is applied to model a geocontainer being released from a split barge, taking into account the frictional contact between the geotextile and the barge. No‐slip contact is assumed between the geotextile and the soil inside. The effect of geocontainer interaction is investigated by dropping a second container. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The information and decision support needs of older women (>75 yrs) facing treatment choices for breast cancer: a qualitative study
Authors: Burton Maria , Collins Karen Anna , Lifford Kate Joanna , Brain Kate , Wyld Lynda , Caldon L. , Gath Jacqui , Revell Deirdre , Reed Malcolm William 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectivePrimary Endocrine Therapy (PET) is a good alternative to surgery for breast cancer in older frailer women. Overall survival rates are equivalent although rates of local control are inferior. There is little research regarding the decision support needs of older patients faced with this choice. This qualitative study aimed to explore these among older breast cancer patients offered a choice of treatment, as the basis to develop an appropriate decision support tool.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with older women (>75 years) with breast cancer who had been offered a choice of PET or surgery at diagnosis. Women's involvement in their treatment decision and support for the process were explored and analysed using framework analysis.ResultsThirty‐three interviews were undertaken (median age 82, range 75–95 years, 22 PET, 11 surgery). Most women, regardless of treatment choice, wanted tailored information about the different treatment options, their impact on independence, the practicalities of treatment and the risk of recurrence and spread. Surgery was the treatment of choice in women wanting optimal disease control; those choosing PET felt that they were ‘too old’ for surgery and wanted minimal disruption.ConclusionsOlder women described making active treatment decisions. However, some knowledge was inaccurate. Women wanted information and decision support from their clinicians along with a specific tailored information booklet to support this process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dynamical framework for the origin of the diagonal South Pacific and South Atlantic Convergence Zones
Authors: van der Wiel Karin , Matthews Adrian J. , Stevens David P. , Joshi Manoj M. 
Published: December 2014

The South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) are diagonal bands of precipitation that extend from the Equator southeastward into the Southern Hemisphere over the western Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, respectively. With mean precipitation rates over 5 mm day−1, they are a major component of the tropical and global climate in austral summer. However, their basic formation mechanism is not fully understood. Here, a conceptual framework for the diagonal convergence zones is developed, based on calculations of the vorticity budget from reanalysis and Rossby wave theory.Wave trains propagate eastward along the Southern Hemisphere subtropical jet, with initially quasi‐circular vorticity centres. In the zonally sheared environment on the equatorward flank of the jet, these vorticity centres become elongated and develop a northwest–southeast tilt. Ray‐tracing diagnostics in a non‐divergent, barotropic Rossby wave framework then explain the observed equatorward propagation of these diagonal vorticity structures toward the westerly ducts over the equatorial Pacific and Atlantic. The baroclinic component of these circulations leads to destabilisation and ascent ahead of the cyclonic vorticity anomaly in the wave, triggering deep convection because of the high sea surface temperatures in this region. Latent heat release then forces additional ascent and strong upper‐tropospheric divergence, with an associated anticyclonic vorticity tendency. A vorticity budget shows that this cancels out the advective cyclonic vorticity tendency in the wave train over the SPCZ, and dissipates the wave within a day. The mean SPCZ is consequently comprised of the sum of these pulses of diagonal bands of precipitation.Similar mechanisms also operate in the SACZ. However, the vorticity anomalies in the wave trains are stronger, and the precipitation and negative feedback from the divergence and anticyclonic vorticity tendency are weaker, resulting in continued propagation of the wave and a more diffuse diagonal convergence zone.