bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of polyphosphodiesters by ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic phosphates bearing allyl phosphoester protecting groups
Authors: Clément Benoït , Molin Daniel G. , Jérôme Christine , Lecomte Philippe 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe allyl phosphoester group is shown to be a protecting group for the synthesis of anionic polyphosphodiesters. Our strategy relies on the synthesis of a cyclic phosphate monomer bearing a pendant allyl phosphoester group, its easy purification by fractional distillation, its organocatalyzed ring‐opening polymerization by 1,8‐diazobicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) and 1‐[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]‐3‐cyclohexyl‐thiourea (TU). Finally, the deprotection of the allyl phosphoester group is carried out by reaction with sodium benzenethiolate in the absence of any detectable degradation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2642–2648
Comparison of bacterial leakage resistance of various root canal filling materials and methods: Confocal laser‐scanning microscope study
Authors: Hwang Ji Hee , Chung Jin , Na Hee‐Sam , Park Eunjoo , Kwak Sangwon , Kim Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThis study evaluated the bacterial leakage resistance and root canal lining efficacy of various root canal filling materials and methods by using confocal laser‐scanning microscope (CLSM). Sixty extracted human premolars with mature apex and single root canal were randomly divided into 2 control groups and 4 experimental groups. Group CW was filled with continuous wave technique using gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer. Group GC was coated with AH‐Plus sealer and then obturated with soften GuttaCore. Group GF was obturated using GuttaFlow and gutta‐percha. Group EM was filled with EndoSeal MTA and gutta‐percha using ultrasonic vibration. The AH‐Plus, GuttaFlow, and EndoSeal were labeled with Hoechst 33342 to facilitate fluorescence. The obturated root tip was incubated with Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)‐stained E. faecalis for 14 days. CLSM was performed to evaluate the sealer distribution and bacterial leakage for the apical 1‐, 2‐, 3‐mm specimens. Statistically significant differences were determined by 1‐way ANOVA with Tukey's post‐hoc test and Pearson's correlation analysis. Group EM showed the better sealer distribution score than the other groups (p < 0.05). Group CW and group GC exhibited the less bacterial leakage than the group GF, while group EM showed the similar bacterial leakage score with the groups CW and GC. There was no significant correlation between the sealer distribution and bacterial leakage (p > 0.05). Under the conditions of this study, different root canal filling materials and methods showed different efficacy for canal distribution and bacterial leakage resistance. SCANNING 37:422–428, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ecology, palaeontology and taxonomy of Echinocythereis Puri, 1954 (Crustacea: Ostracoda) with a focus on the North Atlantic species
Authors: Brandão Simone N. , Karanovic Ivana 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe common ostracod genus Echinocythereis has a worldwide and eurybathic distribution, but in Recent sediments, it is more common in cold waters. Its oldest record, dating from the Cretaceous, indicates that the genus should be very useful in stratigraphical and palaeoecological studies, but the taxonomy of Echinocythereis is very complex and includes misinterpretations and misidentifications. Here, we provide an overview of the geographical and stratigraphical distribution of Echinocythereis and clarify the taxonomic status of its type species, Echinocythereis garretti (Howe and McGuirt in Howe et al., 1935) which (contrary to other authors) we consider to be a valid species. Finally, we revise the geographical and stratigraphical distributions and the taxonomy of one ‘species complex’, which is very common and abundant in the North Atlantic, and has also been recorded from the Pacific and Southern oceans. This species complex has been interpreted as a single species in virtually all publications on North Atlantic ostracods, where Echinocythereis has been identified. The complex includes Echinocythereis echinata (Sars, 1866), Echinocythereis irpex (Brady, 1880) and, the new species described herein, Echinocythereis jorunbrix sp. nov. To aid in subsequent fast and accurate identification of living specimens, we also provide three mitochondrial COI gene fragments of the new species, which represent the first barcodes for the entire Trachyleberididae family. Our study of both shell and soft parts of these three very similar Echinocythereis species indicates that fine details of the shell have a strong phylogenetic signal, but that these can only be properly understood through very careful study of comparative material and with the aid of high magnification microscopy, such as SEM.
Emerging methods for noninvasive sensing of soil moisture dynamics from field to catchment scale: a review
Authors: Bogena Heye R. , Huisman Johan A. , Güntner Andreas , Hübner Christof , Kusche Jürgen , Jonard François , Vey Sibylle , Vereecken Harry 
Published: June 2015

Soil moisture is an important state variable in the terrestrial system because it controls the exchange of water and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere. In this study, we review recent advances in noninvasive techniques that allow continuous noninvasive and contactless measurements of soil moisture dynamics at the field to basin scale. In particular, we report on (1) cosmic‐ray neutron probes, (2) Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry, (3) ground‐based microwave radiometry, (4) gamma‐ray monitoring, (5) terrestrial gravimetry, and (6) low‐frequency electromagnetic surface waves. Each method is described in terms of its basic principle, measurement scales, calibration issues, measurement accuracy, and applications. We hope that this review will further stimulate the community to invest in the continued development of novel soil moisture sensing methods that address the need for large‐scale soil water content measurements with sufficiently high temporal resolution. WIREs Water 2015, 2:635–647. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1097This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
The potential of the riboSNitch in personalized medicine
Authors: Solem Amanda C. , Halvorsen Matthew , Ramos Silvia B. V. , Laederach Alain 
Published: June 2015

RNA conformation plays a significant role in stability, ligand binding, transcription, and translation. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) have the potential to disrupt specific structural elements because RNA folds in a sequence‐specific manner. A riboSNitch is an element of RNA structure with a specific function that is disrupted by an SNV or a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; or polymorphism; SNVs occur with low frequency in the population, <1%). The riboSNitch is analogous to a riboswitch, where binding of a small molecule rather than mutation alters the structure of the RNA to control gene regulation. RiboSNitches are particularly relevant to interpreting the results of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Often GWAS identify SNPs associated with a phenotype mapping to noncoding regions of the genome. Because a majority of the human genome is transcribed, significant subsets of GWAS SNPs are putative riboSNitches. The extent to which the transcriptome is tolerant of SNP‐induced structure change is still poorly understood. Recent advances in ultra high‐throughput structure probing begin to reveal the structural complexities of mutation‐induced structure change. This review summarizes our current understanding of SNV and SNP‐induced structure change in the human transcriptome and discusses the importance of riboSNitch discovery in interpreting GWAS results and massive sequencing projects. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:517–532. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1291This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Structural properties and chemical bonds in double metal cyanide catalysts
Authors: Lawniczak‐Jablonska K. , Dynowska E. , Lisowski W. , Sobczak J. W. , Chruściel A. , Hreczuch W. , Libera J. , Reszka A. 
Published: June 2015

Double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts are commonly applied at industrial ring‐opening polymerization of the epoxides, being the initial stage of the polyurethanes manufacturing route. This group of catalysts is frequently used in industry, but the knowledge on the molecular nature of their high activity and selectivity is limited to some phenomenological hypotheses based on overall chemical premises. To shine some light on the relation between structural and chemical properties of DMC catalysts and their activity, the complementary X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy studies were performed. The comprehensive characterization of DMC catalyst synthesized from ZnCl2 and potassium hexacyanocobaltate(III) solution, in presence of the organic ligand (tBuOH), confirmed that a significant part of the catalyst material reveals the features of the non‐crystalline structure. Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis established that only Zn atoms are the active metallic centers in the DMC catalyst. The coordination around Zn was changed from octahedral in reference material to tetrahedral in catalysts, and Cl atoms were detected near some of the Zn atoms, but no significant amount of oxygen atoms was detected, which agrees with XPS chemical analysis. The performed experimental studies give direct experimental evidence for the model deduced by Zhang et al., and for the calculation performed by Wojdeł et al. Moreover, the generally accepted formula Zn3[Co(CN)6]2•xZnCl2•ytBuOH•zH2O describing this catalyst is not valid, because none of the compounds were detected by XRD or EXAFS techniques.Regarding the relation between structural and chemical activity of catalyst, we conclude that for the chemical activity of DMC catalyst not only is the content of Cl very important, but also the fraction of non‐crystalline phase, the formation of which is stimulated by ligand. The non‐crystalline fraction of catalyst may offer the easier access to the active center with Cl. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Powder diffraction and synchrotron radiation, a powerful tool in the investigation of new compounds: CdBr2(3‐fluoroaniline)2 and CdBr2(4‐fluoroaniline)2
Authors: Grzesiak‐Nowak M. , Appleby G. , Łasocha W. 
Published: June 2015

Using synchrotron powder diffraction data, two new complexes of CdBr2 with 3‐fluoroaniline and 4‐fluoroaniline were fully characterised with regard to their structure. Their crystal structures were solved and refined by means of powder diffraction techniques. The investigated materials belong to the group of hybrid inorganic–organic coordination polymers. The structures of both compounds are created by the same type, infinite chains formed by CdBr4N2 octahedra. Each cadmium cation is surrounded by four Br− anions, and two N atoms from two fluoroaniline molecules.The obtained structural data enable us to investigate the influence of the position of the F atom in the aniline ring on the crystal structure, as well as to interpret its thermal stability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed Micellization and Interfacial Properties of Ionic Liquid‐Type Imidazolium Gemini Surfactant with Amphiphilic Drug Amitriptyline Hydrochloride and its Thermodynamics
Authors: Patel Rajan , Khan Abbul Bashar , Dohare Neeraj , Maroof Ali Mohd. , Rajor Hament Kumar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe thermodynamics of mixed micellization of amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT) with ionic liquid‐type imidazolium gemini surfactant ([C10‐4‐C10im] Br2), was investigated at different mole fractions and temperatures by surface tension measurements. The deviation of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) from the ideal critical micelle concentration (CMC*), micellar mole fraction () from ideal micellar mole fraction (), the values of interaction parameter () and activity coefficients () (for both mixed micelles and mixed monolayer) explained the non‐ideal behavior (i.e., synergistic behavior) of binary mixtures. The excess free energy (∆Gex) for the AMT‐[C10‐4‐C10im] Br2 binary mixtures explained the mixed micelles stability in comparison to micelles of [C10‐4‐C10im] Br2 and pure AMT. Interfacial parameters, i.e., Gibbs surface excess (), minimum head group area at air/water interface (), free energy of micellization (), and standard Gibbs energy of adsorption (∆Gadso) were also evaluated for the systems. The standard entropy of adsorption (∆Sadso) was found higher than the standard entropy of micellization (∆Smo) at all mole fractions of AMT (α1).
Perioperative Nursing Leaders Implement Clinical Practice Guidelines Using the Iowa Model of Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: White Shawna , Spruce Lisa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMany health care organizations, nursing leaders, and individual clinicians are not providing care consistently based on evidence and many are not aware of the evidence that is available. Preventable complications have an adverse effect on hospital reimbursement and the burden is placed on hospital personnel and nursing leaders to use current evidence to improve care and prevent complications, such as surgical site infections. Using AORN resources, leadership involvement and ownership, and implementing a theoretical model will contribute to implementing daily evidence‐based practice and help to decrease the chasm between research and practice.
Postoperative Care of Patients Undergoing Same‐Day Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Brenner Patricia , Kautz Donald D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractElective laparoscopic cholecystectomies are common outpatient surgical procedures. After briefly discussing cholecystectomy and its indications, best practices in phase I, phase II, and phase III recovery are discussed. Typical pharmaceutical regimens for controlling pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting are summarized. By implementing best practices, nurses can prevent and recognize complications. The criteria for discharge, extended recovery, and inpatient admission are discussed, along with the required patient discharge teaching using the teach‐back technique, as well as patient and family teaching needs in the immediate postoperative period. Nurses can optimize the patient's surgical experience and promote safety by implementing best practices in all phases of recovery from laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Pressure Mapping Comparison of Four OR Surfaces
Authors: Kirkland‐Walsh Holly , Teleten Oleg , Wilson Machelle , Raingruber Bonnie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMortality and health care costs associated with hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) increase yearly. After four hours of surgery, the risk of developing a pressure ulcer increases by 33% for every 30 minutes of surgery. Prolonged immobility, lower blood pressures, and increased surface interface pressure may hinder the blood supply delivered to the skin, eventually leading to pressure ulcers. We measured and compared four different OR surfaces to identify the most effective pressure redistribution surface for prolonged OR procedures. The best surface attributes that provide efficient pressure redistribution should have the following properties: the lowest average interface pressure, the lowest peak interface pressure, and the highest skin contact area. Although all surfaces had similar average interface pressures, the air‐inflated static seat cushion had the best pressure redistribution properties in the sacral region compared with the other surfaces tested.
Relative validation of the dietary intake of fatty acids among adults in the Swedish National Dietary Survey using plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition
Authors: Warensjö Lemming Eva , Nälsén Cecilia , Becker Wulf , Ridefelt Peter , Mattisson Iréne , Lindroos Anna Karin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe aims of a national dietary study are several-fold. One purpose is to monitor the intake of foods and nutrients in the population and to compare intakes with dietary recommendations. It is, however, difficult to measure dietary fat intake and plasma biomarker fatty acid (FA) composition may be used as an objective measure of dietary fat intake. Thus, the relative ability of a diet record to capture habitual fat intake was validated against biomarker FA. Dietary fat intake was measured in a novel self-assisted web-based 4-d food record – the ‘Riksmaten’ method. Spearman rank correlations between dietary FA, certain food groups (fish-shellfish, dairy products, meat and sausages, and spreads) and the fat content of these food groups and biomarker FA were explored. Participants were 150 women and 129 men, aged 18–80 years, who took part in the Swedish National Dietary Survey, Riksmaten adults 2010–11. Blood samples were collected on average 20 d after the diet record and FA composition was measured in plasma phospholipids by GLC. Totaln-3 FA (r0·31), EPA (r0·34) and DHA (r0·42) were correlated between plasma and diet (allP ≤ 0·001). Adjustment for covariates attenuated the relationships. Linoleic acid was only marginally correlated (r0·15;P = 0·06) in women. Plasma pentadecaenoic acid and heptadecaenoic acid were correlated with dairy product intake as previously reported. In conclusion, the Riksmaten method appears valid for the purpose of collecting data on dietary fat composition, at least in a healthy adult population.
Effects of DNA methylation inhibitors and conventional antidepressants on mice behaviour and brain DNA methylation levels
Authors: Sales Amanda Juliana , Joca Sâmia Regiane Lourenço 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveStress increases DNA methylation and decreases the expression of genes involved in neural plasticity, while treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) increases gene expression and induces antidepressant-like effects in preclinical models. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to further investigate the potential antidepressant-like effect induced by DNMTi by evaluating the behavioural effects induced by associating DNMTi treatment with conventional antidepressant drugs in mice submitted to the forced swimming test (FST). In addition, brain levels of DNA methylation were also investigated.MethodsMice received systemic injections of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AzaD, 0.1, 0.2 mg/kg), RG108 (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/kg), desipramine (DES, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (FLX, 5, 10, 20, 30 mg/kg) and were submitted to the FST or to the open field test (OFT). Additional groups received a combination of subeffective doses of 5-AzaD or RG108 (DNMTi) with subeffective doses of DES or FLX (antidepressants).ResultsSubeffective doses of RG108 (0.1 mg/kg) or 5-AzaD (0.1mg/kg) in association with subeffective doses of DES (2.5 mg/kg) or FLX (10 mg/kg) induced significant antidepressant-like effects. Effective doses of RG108 (0.2 mg/kg), 5-AzaD (0.2 mg/kg), DES (10 mg/kg) and FLX (20 mg/kg) atenuated stress-induced changes in DNA methylation levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. None of the treatments induced locomotor effects in the OFT.ConclusionThese results suggest that DNMTi potentiate the behavioural effects of antidepressant drugs in the FST and that antidepressants, as well as DNMTi, are able to modulate stress-induced changes in DNA methylation in brain regions closely associated with the neurobiology of depression.
Human rhinovirus infections in hospitalized children: clinical, epidemiological and virological features
Authors: TRAN D. N. , TRINH Q. D. , PHAM N. T. K. , PHAM T. M. H. , HA M. T. , NGUYEN T. Q. N. , OKITSU S. , SHIMIZU H. , HAYAKAWA S. , MIZUGUCHI M. , USHIJIMA H. 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYMolecular epidemiology and clinical impact of human rhinovirus (HRV) are not well documented in tropical regions. This study compared the clinical characteristics of HRV to other common viral infections and investigated the molecular epidemiology of HRV in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Vietnam. From April 2010 to May 2011, 1082 nasopharyngeal swabs were screened for respiratory viruses by PCR. VP4/VP2 sequences of HRV were further characterized. HRV was the most commonly detected virus (30%), in which 70% were diagnosed as either pneumonia or bronchiolitis. Children with single HRV infections presented with significantly higher rate of hypoxia than those infected with respiratory syncytial virus or parainfluenza virus (PIV)-3 (12·4% vs. 3·8% and 0%, respectively, P < 0·05), higher rate of chest retraction than PIV-1 (57·3% vs. 34·5%, P = 0·028), higher rate of wheezing than influenza A (63·2% vs. 42·3%, P = 0·038). HRV-C did not differ to HRV-A clinically. The genetic diversity and changes of types over time were observed and may explain the year-round circulation of HRV. One novel HRV-A type was discovered which circulated locally for several years. In conclusion, HRV showed high genetic diversity and was associated with significant morbidity and severe ARIs in hospitalized children.
Chikungunya and dengue virus infections during pregnancy: seroprevalence, seroincidence and maternal–fetal transmission, southern Thailand, 2009–2010
Authors: LAOPRASOPWATTANA K. , SUNTHARASAJ T. , PETMANEE P. , SUDDEAUGRAI O. , GEATER A. 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYLimited information is available on the seroprevalence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and maternal–fetal transmission incidence of CHIKV and dengue virus (DENV) infections during the 2008–2009 CHIKV outbreak in southern Thailand. A community-based post-epidemic seroprevalence study was conducted in parturient women admitted to the Thepa District Hospital in Songkhla Province, Thailand, for delivery from November 2009 to May 2010. The women were tested for chikungunya (CHIK) IgM/IgG and dengue (DEN) IgM/IgG. Cord blood samples were also tested for CHIK IgM or DEN IgM in women who tested positive for CHIK IgM or DEN IgM, respectively. The seroprevalence of CHIKV infection (CHIK IgM or IgG positive) was 227/319 (71·2%) with pre-outbreak seroprevalence (IgM−/IgG+) of 43·6% and the seroprevalence of DENV infection was 288/319 (90·3%). Complications during pregnancy, newborn outcomes and congenital anomalies were not different in those who had recent, remote or no CHIKV infections. None of the newborns whose mothers were CHIK or DEN IgM positive had cord blood positive for both CHIK and DEN IgM. In conclusion, both CHIKV and DENV are endemic in southern Thailand; during the recent CHIKV outbreak CHIK seroprevalence increased from 43·6% to 71·2%.
New host records for Bathypalaemonella serratipalma (Caridea: Bathypalaemonellidae) in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Wicksten Mary K. , Heathman Tommy 
Published: June 2015

The caridean shrimpBathypalaemonella serratipalmawas photographed by a remotely operated vehicle at 1120–2223 m in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The shrimp was living on previously unreported host cnidarians of the families Isididae and Alcyoniidae, and a black coral (Antipatharia), as well as previously reported gorgonian hosts (ChrysogorgiaandIridogorgiaspp.). We did not observe interactions betweenB. serratipalmaand other invertebrates living on these hosts, nor did the shrimp occur on the same host cnidarians as the anomuransUroptychus nitidusorEumunida picta.