bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International Academy of Cytology Guidelines Based Categorization of Breast Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Lesions and their Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Deshpande Shruti Amit , Rao Kandibanda Sai Sri Ram , Sushma Yalavarthi , Saikumar Gopalam Vashita 
Published: August 2024

Context:
International academy of cytology (IAC) has established a standardized reporting system for fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of breast lesions. They have introduced five categories (Code C1 to Code C5) for reporting breast cytology, each with clear descriptive term for the category, risk of malignancy (ROM) and a suggested management algorithm.

Aim:
Aims of the present study were to reclassify and correlate the breast FNA (IAC guidelines) with histopathological findings and to calculate the ROM for each category with special emphasis on assessing the diagnostic efficacy of cytological evaluation of code 3 and code 4.

Materials and Methods:
A 3 years' retrospective cross sectional study included 448 breast FNA samples that were reassessed and reclassified according to the IAC reporting system. The ROM for each category was analyzed.

Results:
The breast FNA samples were distributed in following categories as: C1 (insufficient material)− 1.78% (n = 8), C2 (benign) – 71.66% (n = 321), C3 (Atypical but benign) −10.81% (n = 45), C4 (Suspicious for malignancy) – 4.91% (n = 22), and C5 (Malignant)– 11.60% (n = 52). Out of the 448 cases, histopathological correlation was available for 205 cases. The ROM for each category was calculated as: 0% for C1, 2.04% for C2, 10.8% for C3, 85.71% for C4, and 100% for C5. The ability of C3 and C4 lesions to diagnose breast malignancy was statistically significant, P value 0.042 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The IAC system for reporting of breast cytology effectively helps in accurate diagnosis and assessment of ROM for each category which helps in better patient management and further research.
Endoscopic Profile of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed in Adults
Authors: Dhande Sachin K. , Pichaimuthu Anbalagan 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the most common causes of medical emergencies and associated with high morbidity and mortality in adults. Although there is decline in peptic ulcer bleed as an etiology of acute UGI bleed due to discovery of proton pump inhibitors, the Emergency Room (ER) visits for UGI bleed are increasing due to other etiologies including variceal bleed and drug-induced gastrointestinal (GI) bleed. This study was designed with the aim to assess the endoscopic profile of UGIB presenting to our tertiary care center in south India.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective analytical study. It was done over a period of 6 months from January 2020 to June 2020. All adult patients presenting with acute hematemesis and/or melena were included in the study. All included patients underwent detailed history, clinical examination, blood tests, and upper GI endoscopy.

Results:
One hundred and eighty-two patients were included in the study. Out of 182 patients, 76% were males. The most common age group was 51–60 years contributing to 34%. The commonest presentation was hematemesis than that of melena. Out of all patients, 69% of patients were hemodynamically stable and 31% patients were unstable at the time of admission. The causes of bleed included esophageal varices, gastric varix, peptic ulcer, portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG), Mallory-Weiss tear, gastric cancer, drug-induced gastritis, and esophageal tear. Variceal bleed was the most common cause of UGI bleed comprising 34.16% of cases.

Conclusions:
From our study, we conclude that the most common cause of upper GI bleed in our part of India is portal hypertension related bleeding which included esophageal varices, gastric varices, and severe PHG. This was in contrary to most of the studies from other part of the country as peptic ulcer is far more common than variceal bleed in other studies.
The Effect of Locally Infiltrated Platelet-Rich Plasma on Survival of Skin Flaps in Degloving Injuries
Authors: Pundkar Aditya , Shrivastav Sandeep , Date Swapnil 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Partial- or full-thickness necrosis is normally encountered complication postoperatively in skin flap patients. The chief causes of necrosis are reduced arterial flow, venous insufficiency, or both. Particularly, necrosis of the skin flap occurs in the more distal portion of the flap, if arterial or venous flux insufficient. The other factors owing to the necrosis of skin flap are qualitative and quantitative deficiency of local growth factors (GFs) and lack of regulation of various GFs. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the concentrate of plasma prepared by serial centrifugation and contains high concentrates of platelets. It is rich in various GFs which are essential for wound healing.

Materials and Methods:
Six patients were included in the study. All the patients had traumatic degloving injuries of lower limbs. After primary cleaning and closure of the flaps, from postoperative day 1, all the flaps were infiltrated with autologous PRP infiltration according to STARS therapy till the wounds healed.

Results and Observations:
All the wounds healed completely with PRP. PRP sessions required ranged from 4 to 7 with an average of 5.4. There was no need of any additional procedure for wound healing such as serial debridements and skin grafting in any of the patients. Two patients required additional procedures for associated fractures which involved K-wire removal and amputation of the fifth toe. Complications such as infection, abscess, or sinus formation were not seen in any of the patients. After suture removal, the mean ± 2 standard deviation total wound area was 31.5 ± 17.6 cm2, mean necrotic area was 7.75 ± 5 cm2, and mean surviving area was 23.75 ± 13.8 cm2. The mean percentage survival of the flaps was 75.119%. This value is comparable with other studies.

Conclusion:
In our study, it was found that local autologous PRP infiltration in the skin flap of degloving wounds according to the STARS therapy increases the chances of survival of flap.
Usefulness of Routine Preoperative Investigations in Patients Undergoing Uncomplicated Elective General Surgical Procedures
Authors: Danvath Kishan , Matta Sridhar 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Investigations are classified as routine and specific. Specific investigations are done to confirm or exclude a strongly suspected diagnosis, and routine investigations are done to find occult disease not detected during clinical evaluation. Mostly, these are done as an institutional policy or custom and for medicolegal reasons in the event of any complications. The value of these routine investigations in all patients is controversial. Data suggest that these have little influence on patient management and perioperative complications.

Aims and Objectives:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of routine preoperative investigations in patients undergoing elective surgical procedures and their influence on perioperative management.

Materials and Methods:
We included various laboratory, radiological, and hematological investigations which were performed routinely in all patients irrespective of diagnosis.

Results:
A total of 1671 investigations were performed in 170 patients. Only 153 (9.2%) investigations were found to be abnormal. Complete blood picture was performed in 168 (98.2%) patients; random blood sugar estimation was done in 147 (86.4%) patients. Chest X-rays were performed in 166 (97.6%) patients. Electrocardiography was performed in 160 (94.2%) patients. The percentage of overall abnormal results was very low. None of these abnormal investigations influenced surgical management and had adverse perioperative complications.

Conclusion:
Preoperative investigations should be done based on clinical examination and comorbid conditions. Routine preoperative investigations do not influence patient management and predict complications and should not be done in all patients.
Quality and Effectiveness of Online Medical Education During COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Potdar Pratishtha , Sharma Jyotsna , Gupta Uday Kumar , Aggarwal Deepika , Yadav Yogesh 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Necessity is the mother of invention, is not only an English language proverb but it has been proved several times in several ways, and recently it has been proved during this COVID-19 outbreak that online medical education has erupted as one of the inventions during these stressful situations as a necessity. In these difficult situations, universities seek to deliver medical education through various new methods or modalities, to ensure the continuous learning of medical students. Novel ways of online teaching should be considered in new medical curriculum development, as well as methods of delivering lectures and practical skills for medical students. In this pandemic situations, medical faculty administrators also had to improvise to make an adjustment, from the formerly class-based lecture to online lecture. This study aimed to measure the perception of medical students regarding the quality and effectiveness of online medical education during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
This study was held in Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad, from April 2020 to August 2020. This is a cross-sectional survey done by using an electronic questionnaire which was based on the result of previously conducted lectures, practical, and small group discussions. It is carefully checked for validation and reliability before considering it for a study. Questionnaires were made on Google Forms and then this e-questionnaire was sent via WhatsApp to all of students. All the data were collected, tabulated, and analyzed.

Results:
Three hundred and ninety-nine number of students responded to the electronic survey conducted via WhatsApp. Students' perception about the effectiveness and quality of medical online education revealed few supportive and few inhibitory factors.

Conclusions:
Data obtained in this study can be used as a valuable input to judge the effectiveness and utility of the online methodology in the future.
A Comparative Study of Cord Blood Bilirubin and Albumin as a Predictor for Neonatal Jaundice in Term Newborns
Authors: Huda Walia Murshida , Sharma Preeti , Aggarwa Juhi , Agrawal Alka 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH) is the commonest abnormal physiological finding during the 1st week of life. More than two-third of newborn babies develop clinical jaundice. The clinical finding such as yellowish discoloration of the skin and sclera in newborns is because of accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin. In most infants, however, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is a normal physiological phenomenon.

Aim of the Study:
The aim of the study was to predict the development of NH at birth in term newborns using cord blood bilirubin and albumin as a risk predictor.

Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was performed on 150 healthy term newborns, i.e., both males (n = 84) and females (n = 66) with gestational age >38 weeks delivered by caesarian section from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad.

Results:
Cord serum albumin (CSA) level of ≤2.8 g/dl cutoff value is chosen based on the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Shows the neonates who developed NH, 95.2% of these cases had CSA level ≤2.8 g/dl (20/21). If CSA level ≤2.8 g/dl, 28.9% probability of developing NH, and if CSA >2.9 g/dl, then 97.7% chance of not developing NH. Similarly, if CSA level ≥3.4 g/dl, nil or 0% chance of developing NH. Hence, CSA level ≤2.8 g/dl can be considered as critical value or risk factor for the development of NH, whereas newborn with CSA level ≥3.4 g/dl is safe for early discharge.

Conclusion:
Increasing incidence of kernicterus in healthy term neonates as Kernicteus is the chronic sequelae of acute bilirubin encephalopathy. Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common causes for readmission of the newborns. Incidence of kernicterus is unknown. Hence, defining a certain bilirubin level as physiological can be misleading and potentially dangerous. NH is a potentially correctable and kernicterus is preventable.
A Cytohistologic Correlation Study of Breast Carcinoma with Reference to Robinson's Cytologic Grading System
Authors: Nanda Rojalin , Sahu Alaka , Mohapatra Kaustav 
Published: August 2024

Aim:
The present study has been conducted on cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast to correlate cytological Robinson's grading system with histological Nottingham modified Bloom–Richardson grading system.

Settings and Design:
This is a retrospective study conducted on fifty cytologically diagnosed breast carcinoma cases in the Department of Pathology, VIMSAR, Burla, Odisha.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty cases of cytologically diagnosed breast carcinoma were graded according to Robinson's system, and the respective histopathology slides were graded according to Nottingham modified Bloom–Richardson scoring system. The axillary lymph node (if any) status was also checked for any metastases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Robinson's cytological grading system were calculated.

Results:
The absolute concordance rate between cytological and histological grades was 78% which indicates a strong correlation and significant association. Sensitivity was maximum for Grade II tumors (88.00%) while specificity was maximum for Grade III tumors (97.50%). The positive predictive value was maximum for Grade III tumors (85.71%) while the negative predictive value was maximum for Grade I tumors (94.11%). Lymph node metastases were found in 42% (21 cases) of all the tumors; maximum was (100%) in Grade III tumors.

Conclusion:
Cytological grade strongly correlates with histological grade and is helpful in selecting the treatment regimen.
The effect of a caring program based on the Pender’s health promotion model on caregiver burden in family caregivers of patients with chronic heart failure: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Khaninezhad Loghman , Valiee Sina , Moradi Yousef , Mahmoudi Mokhtar 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
The Pender’s Health Promotion Model is a comprehensive solution to improve health and reduce the risk of chronic conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect of a care program based on the Pender’s Health Promotion Model on the caregiving burden of family caregivers of patients with chronic heart failure.

METHODS:
This semi-experimental study with a control group was conducted at the Imam Khomeini Heart Clinic in Saqqez in 2022-2023. In this study, 90 family caregivers from patients with chronic heart failure were randomized to intervention and control groups. Data were collected through a demographic information questionnaire and the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) prior to and 50 days after the intervention. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Chi-square, and paired t-test in SPSS V 25. A significance level of 5% was considered.

RESULTS:
The results of this study indicated that the control and intervention groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics (P = 0.643). The findings also showed a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of all dimensions of caregiving burden between the two groups after the intervention, such that the overall mean score of caregiving burden in the intervention group had a significant reduction (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION:
The present study demonstrated that a care program based on the Pender’s Health Promotion Model can reduce the caregiving burden of family caregivers of patients suffering from chronic heart failure. Additionally based on health policies, this program can play an effective role in improving the quality of life of families with chronic heart failure patients and reducing their medical costs as a comprehensive solution for improving health and reducing the risk of chronic diseases.
Impact of Youth Health Ambassador Programme on health awareness in youths in Singapore
Authors: Lim Shermane Y. W. , Loh Ryan J. , Teo Yao Hao , Chong Elliot Y. , Tan Zhong Chen , Du Sherry D. X. , Lee Abigail K. , Ren Yi Ping , Chia Joshua , Teo Desmond B. , Lim Fong Seng 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
The Youth Health Ambassador Programme (YHAP) is a health educational program aimed at empowering youths to become health ambassadors in the community through raising their health awareness and training them in primary health prevention. This study evaluates the effectiveness of YHAP in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of participants in physical and mental health.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study followed a single-group quasi-experimental design, with a pre- and postworkshop KAP survey. Participants were junior college (JC) and polytechnic students in Singapore enrolled in YHAP. In total, 131 responses were analyzed for changes in KAP for physical and mental health before and after the program. This article also studied the participants’ barriers to educating others, including environment factors, intrinsic factors, and receptiveness of the target audience.

RESULTS:
Mean scores of all six KAP domains increased from the preworkshop survey to the postworkshop survey, with significant improvements (P < 0.05) in all domains except mental health knowledge. Individually, 16 out of 29 questions in the KAP sections had a significant increment in mean score after the program (P < 0.05). Mean scores for intrinsic barriers also decreased significantly (P < 0.001) postintervention, indicating that participants were less likely to agree that intrinsic factors were a barrier to educating people around them about health postintervention.

CONCLUSION:
YHAP is effective in improving the KAP of physical health and the attitudes and practices of mental health JC and polytechnic students and may reduce the effect of intrinsic barriers that participants face when teaching others.
Navigating the death attitudes and anxiety during COVID-19: Role of dispositional mindfulness and tranquil ego
Authors: Mandal Satchit Prasun , Pandey Vijyendra , Bonal Raghavendra B. , Sharma Abhishek , Astha Arora , Rajesh Viju , Saha Proshanto Kr 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Anecdotally, the concept of death consistently evokes profound unease. This study explores the intricate relationship between individuals’ attitudes toward death and the associated anxiety, introducing a two-step model that posits dispositional mindfulness and tranquil ego as mediators.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We used a correlational design in this study and assessed 209 Indian adults (111 males and 98 females) who recovered from corona symptoms on self-report measures of attitudes toward death, death anxiety, dispositional mindfulness, and tranquil ego. Bivariate correlational analyses and path analysis were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS:
Findings revealed that attitudes toward death involving fear, avoidance, approach, and escape acceptance of death correlated positively with death anxiety. Dispositional mindfulness and tranquil ego correlated negatively with death anxiety. Path analyses with percentile bootstrapping supported our hypothesis and showed that dispositional mindfulness and tranquil ego sequentially mediated the relationship.

CONCLUSION:
These findings indicate that various aspects of attitudes toward death differentially predict death anxiety. Moreover, the relationship between death attitudes and death anxiety is potentially mediated by dispositional mindfulness and a tranquil ego. The findings were discussed in light of existing literature.
Assessment of self-satisfaction, happiness, and quality of life (QoL) among adults: An online survey
Authors: Dehury Ranjit Kumar , Gadiraju Padmaja , Singh Punam , Vanlalhruaii C. , Dehury Parthsarathi , Devaraju Kadari , Behera Sangita 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Health and QoL are essential for every individual. Regardless of their psychological status, every individual needs an optimum level of Self-satisfaction, Happiness, and QoL. The paper aimed to explore the QoL of the Indian population concerning their day-to-day needs.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
The study used an online survey method to assess the QoL of Indian adults. The Questionnaires have been sent to more than 3000 participants through social media like Emails, Facebook, Instagram, Telegram, and WhatsApp. A total of 200 participants filled out the Google form completely. The data was collected from March 2022 to June 2022. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS (version 24).

RESULTS:
The Overall mean was found to be 3.25 [N = 200, Range 18-36 above, Mean = 3.25 and SD = 1.04]. A few important dimensions are mentioned, such as QoL (50% people with mean = 4.00), Self-satisfaction (38% people with mean = 4.00), enjoyment in life (45% people with mean = 4.00), sleep (42% people with mean = 4.00), sex life (36.5% people with mean = 3.00), constant strain (33.5% people with mean = 3.00), loss of self-confidence (26% people with mean = 3.00).

CONCLUSION:
The study indicates low scores on self-satisfaction, QoL, and above-average scores for happiness. There must be interventions to improve the levels of psychological functioning among adults concerning these variables, which would, in turn, help improve the overall adults’ functioning. The relevant interventions need to be planned to improve self-satisfaction, happiness, and QoL by improving daily activities.
“The feedback dilemma”—provider and learner perspectives regarding the barriers and facilitators for giving and receiving feedback in medical education: A parallel mixed methods approach
Authors: Pusdekar Yamini , Pusdekar Vinod , Dani Akanksha , Saoji Ajeet , Gupta Madhur 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Learning in medical education involves a multitude of practical tasks and skills that are amenable to feedback provision. Though passive feedback is given, there is a consistent gap in feedback provision and its receipt. This study aims to assess provider perspectives on feedback and learner attributes influencing the receipt of feedback in medical educational settings.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A parallel mixed methods study was conducted in September 2023 at a tertiary care teaching institute. A convenience sample of 40 medical teachers comprising two faculties per department and 30 students were included. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with students from each academic year for assessing the student-level factors (facilitators and barriers) in the receipt of feedback.

RESULTS:
Among the 40 medical teachers who were interviewed, the majority of 23 (57.5%) were assistant professors and nearly half of them (18; 45.0%) were below the age of 30 years. The majority of the respondents (28; 70.0%) were females, and 34 (85.0%) of them were postgraduates. Most of them (24; 60.0%) had worked for more than 10 years at the institute. It was observed that 80.0% of the respondents had given feedback to their students at some point in their careers. The major barriers for providing feedback were lack of curricular guidelines, fear of affective responses from students, burden of clinical, administrative work, and lack of perceived need by both students and teachers. DESTEP analysis of the student-level factors governing the receipt of feedback shows the effects of institutional ethics and culture, feedback model utilized, and the influence of learner behaviors, motivations, and teacher attributes.

CONCLUSION:
The study elucidates mentor- and mentee-level influencers for providing and receiving feedback. Effective teacher-student partnerships along with an optimal skill set are required to recognize the need, opportunities, and processes to provide and seek feedback. Shifting the focus from feedback giving to active feedback seeking would be a step toward creating effective and pragmatic feedback systems.