bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does childhood bullying predict eating disorder symptoms? A prospective, longitudinal analysis
Authors: Copeland William E. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Zucker Nancy , Wolke Dieter , Lereya Suzet Tanya , Costello Elizabeth Jane 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveBullying is a common childhood experience with enduring psychosocial consequences. The aim of this study was to test whether bullying increases risk for eating disorder symptoms.MethodTen waves of data on 1,420 participants between ages 9 and 25 were used from the prospective population‐based Great Smoky Mountains Study. Structured interviews were used to assess bullying involvement and symptoms of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa as well as associated features. Bullying involvement was categorized as not involved, bully only, victim only, or both bully and victim (bully‐victims).ResultsWithin childhood/adolescence, victims of bullying were at increased risk for symptoms of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa as well as associated features. These associations persisted after accounting for prior eating disorder symptom status as well as preexisting psychiatric status and family adversities. Bullies were at increased risk of symptoms of bulimia and associated features of eating disorders, and bully‐victims had higher levels of anorexia symptoms. In terms of individual items, victims were at risk for binge eating, and bully‐victims had more binge eating and use of vomiting as a compensatory behavior. There was little evidence in this sample that these effects differed by sex. Childhood bullying status was not associated with increased risk for persistent eating disorder symptoms into adulthood (ages 19, 21, and 25).DiscussionBullying predicts eating disorder symptoms for both bullies and victims. Bullying involvement should be a part of risk assessment and treatment planning for children with eating problems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1141–1149)
A comparison of breeding population estimators using nest and brood monitoring data
Authors: Baasch David M. , Hefley Trevor J. , Cahis Staci D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFor many species, breeding population size is an important metric for assessing population status. A variety of simple methods are often used to estimate this metric for ground‐nesting birds that nest in open habitats (e.g., beaches, riverine sandbars). The error and bias associated with estimates derived using these methods vary in relation to differing monitoring intensities and detection rates. However, these errors and biases are often difficult to obtain, poorly understood, and largely unreported. A method was developed to estimate the number of breeding pairs using counts of nests and broods from monitoring data where multiple surveys were made throughout a single breeding season (breeding pair estimator; BPE). The BPE method was compared to two commonly used estimation methods using simulated data from an individual‐based model that allowed for the comparison of biases and accuracy. The BPE method underestimated the number of breeding pairs, but generally performed better than the other two commonly used methods when detection rates were low and monitoring frequency was high. As detection rates and time between surveys increased, the maximum nest and brood count method performs similar to the BPE. The BPE was compared to four commonly used methods to estimate breeding pairs for empirically derived data sets on the Platte River. Based on our simulated data, we expect our BPE to be closest to the true number of breeding pairs as compared to other methods. The methods tested resulted in substantially different estimates of the numbers of breeding pairs; however, coefficients from trend analyses were not statistically different. When data from multiple nest and brood surveys are available, the BPE appears to result in reasonably precise estimates of numbers of breeding pairs. Regardless of the estimation method, investigators are encouraged to acknowledge whether the method employed is likely to over‐ or underestimate breeding pairs. This study provides a means to recognize the potential biases in breeding pair estimates.
Temporal trends in the epidemiology, management, and outcome of patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute coronary syndromes
Authors: De Luca Leonardo , Olivari Zoran , Farina Andrea , Gonzini Lucio , Lucci Donata , Di Chiara Antonio , Casella Gianni , Chiarella Francesco , Boccanelli Alessandro , Di Pasquale Giuseppe , De Servi Stefano , Bovenzi Francesco Maria , Gulizia Michele Massimo , Savonitto Stefano 
Published: September 2015

AimsDespite advances in the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), cardiogenic shock (CS) remains the leading cause of death in these patients. We describe the evolution of clinical characteristics, in‐hospital management, and outcome of patients with CS complicating ACS.Methods and resultsWe analysed data from five Italian nationwide prospective registries, conducted between 2001 and 2014, including consecutive patients with ACS. Out of 28 217 ACS patients enrolled, 1209 (4.3%) had CS: 526 (44%) at the time of admission and 683 (56%) later on during hospitalization. Over the years, a reduction in the incidence of CS was observed, even though this was not statistically significant (P for trend = 0.17). The proportions of CS patients with a history of heart failure declined, whereas the proportion of those with hypertension, renal dysfunction, previous PCI, and AF significantly increased. The use of PCI considerably increased from 2001 to 2014 [19% to 60%; percentage change 41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 29–51]. In‐hospital mortality of CS patients decreased from 68% (95% CI 59–76) in 2001 to 38% (95% CI 29–47) in 2014 (percentage change −30, 95% CI −41 to −18). Compared with 2001, the risk of death was significantly lower in all of the registries, with reductions in adjusted mortality between 45% and 66%.ConclusionsOver the last 14 years, substantial changes occurred in the clinical characteristics and management of patients with CS complicating ACS, with a greater use of PCI and a significant reduction in adjusted mortality rate.
Characterization of sub‐daily thermal regime in alpine rivers: quantification of alterations induced by hydropeaking
Authors: Vanzo Davide , Siviglia Annunziato , Carolli Mauro , Zolezzi Guido 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe thermal regime of rivers is threatened by anthropogenic stresses at a large variety of timescales. We focus on sub‐daily thermal alterations induced by the release of hypolimnetic water for hydropower production (thermopeaking). We analyse the thermal signal focusing on the following characteristics that are potentially affected by hypolimnetic releases: (i) sub‐daily thermal rate of change and (ii) oscillation frequencies contained in the thermal signal. Through a proper scaling, we derive two dimensionless at‐a‐station indicators to compare alterations among stations with different locations and physiographic characteristics of the basins. Then we analyse the data from two different thermal datasets (Italy/Switzerland) for a total of 48 stations with 10 min time resolution of temperature data. The stations are grouped according to the absence of upstream hydropeaking releases (29 stations, reference group) and the existence of upstream hydropeaking, hence potentially impacted by thermopeaking (19 stations, altered group). Using a simple statistical approach, based on a non‐parametric definition of outliers, we identify the range of variability of the two indicators for the reference, unaltered group. This range measures the ‘natural’ sub‐daily thermal variability of the proposed indicators.Finally, we investigate the seasonality effects on the two proposed indicators and it results, that sub‐daily alterations mostly occur during summer. The two indicators represent a novel tool for the assessment of river thermal regime alterations and can be easily included in existing methodologies to assess river quality. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐existing interleukin 10 in cerebral arteries attenuates subsequent brain injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Liang Qiu‐Juan , Jiang Mei , Wang Xin‐Hong , Le Li‐Li , Xiang Meng , Sun Ning , Meng Dan , Chen Si‐Feng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRecurrent stroke is difficult to treat and life threatening. Transfer of anti‐inflammatory gene is a potential gene therapy strategy for ischemic stroke. Using recombinant adeno‐associated viral vector 1 (rAAV1)‐mediated interleukin 10 (IL‐10), we investigated whether transfer of beneficial gene into the rat cerebral vessels during interventional treatment for initial stroke could attenuate brain injury caused by recurrent stroke. Male Wistar rats were administered rAAV1‐IL‐10, rAAV1‐YFP, or saline into the left cerebral artery. Three weeks after gene transfer, rats were subjected to occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. IL‐10 levels in serum were significantly elevated 3 weeks after rAAV1‐IL‐10 injection, and virus in the cerebral vessels was confirmed by in situ hybridization. Pre‐existing IL‐10 but not YFP decreased the neurological dysfunction scores, brain infarction volume, and the number of injured neuronal cells. AAV1‐IL‐10 transduction increased heme oxygenase (HO‐1) mRNA and protein levels in the infarct boundary zone of the brain. Thus, transduction of the IL‐10 gene in the cerebral artery prior to ischemia attenuates brain injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion in rats. This preventive approach for recurrent stroke can be achieved during interventional treatment for initial stroke. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(9):710–719, 2015
Point‐of‐care seeding of nitinol stents with blood‐derived endothelial cells
Authors: Jantzen Alexandra E. , Noviani Maria , Mills James S. , Baker Katherine M. , Lin Fu‐Hsiung , Truskey George A. , Achneck Hardean E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNitinol‐based vascular devices, for example, peripheral and intracranial stents, are limited by thrombosis and restenosis. To ameliorate these complications, we developed a technology to promote vessel healing by rapidly seeding (QuickSeeding) autologous blood‐derived endothelial cells (ECs) onto modified self‐expanding nitinol stent delivery systems immediately before implantation. Several thousand micropores were laser‐drilled into a delivery system sheath surrounding a commercial nitinol stent to allow for exit of an infused cell suspension. As suspension medium flowed outward through the micropores, ECs flowed through the delivery system attaching to the stent surface. The QuickSeeded ECs adhered to and spread on the stent surface following 24‐h in vitro culture under static or flow conditions. Further, QuickSeeded ECs on stents that were deployed into porcine carotid arteries spread to endothelialize stent struts within 48 h (n = 4). The QuickSeeded stent struts produced significantly more nitric oxide in ex vivo flow circuits after 24 h, as compared to static conditions (n = 5). In conclusion, ECs QuickSeeded onto commercial nitinol stents within minutes of implantation spread to form a functional layer in vitro and in vivo, providing proof of concept that the novel QuickSeeding method with modified delivery systems can be used to seed functional autologous endothelium at the point of care. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1658–1665, 2016.
Improving transitions of care for patients on warfarin: The safe transitions anticoagulation report
Authors: Dunn Andrew S. , Shetreat‐Klein Avniel , Berman Jeremy , Cho Hyung J. , Stein Laura , Lewis Chenelle , Hamilton Sharla , To Simon , Francaviglia Paul , Kannry Joseph 
Published: September 2015

Adverse drug events are common during the transition period after hospitalization, and anticoagulants are among the medication classes for which the incidence is highest. We aimed to develop a concise report to improve the timeliness of international normalized ratio (INR) testing and quality of warfarin management posthospitalization.We developed the Safe Transitions Anticoagulation Report (STAR), which contains essential information on anticoagulation and is embedded in the discharge summary, and implemented the report and associated workflow in a tertiary care hospital within an integrated healthcare system. We performed a retrospective administrative database review of 505 patients in the preintervention period and 292 patients in the intervention period who were discharged on warfarin and were established patients at an affiliated ambulatory practice.There was no change in the frequency of obtaining an INR value within 10 days of discharge (41.4% and 47.6%, respectively, P = 0.09), and no increase in attaining a therapeutic INR level within 10 days of discharge (17.0% and 21.2%, respectively, P = 0.14). Ambulatory clinicians reported that the STAR improved “workflow and efficiency” (58%) and “patient safety” (77%), and led to an altered warfarin dose for 34% of survey respondents.Our study found that a concise anticoagulation report embedded in the discharge summary was perceived by ambulatory physicians as improving patient safety, but had no impact on clinical outcomes, suggesting that this electronic medical record tool would need to be a component of a broader multifaceted intervention to be effective. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:615–618. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
A new diagnostic approach to popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
Authors: Williams Charles , Kennedy Dominic , Bastian‐Jordan Matthew , Hislop Matthew , Cramp Brendan , Dhupelia Sanjay 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA new method of diagnosing and defining functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is described. By combining ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques with dynamic plantarflexion of the ankle against resistance, functional entrapment can be demonstrated and the location of the arterial occlusion identified. This combination of imaging modalities will also define muscular anatomy for guiding intervention such as surgery or Botox injection.
Radio‐guided occult lesion localisation using iodine 125 Seeds “ROLLIS” to guide surgical removal of an impalpable posterior chest wall melanoma metastasis
Authors: Dissanayake Shashini , Dissanayake Deepthi , Taylor Donna B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCancer screening and surveillance programmes and the use of sophisticated imaging tools such as positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) have increased the detection of impalpable lesions requiring imaging guidance for excision. A new technique involves intra‐lesional insertion of a low‐activity iodine‐125 (125I) seed and detection of the radioactive signal in theatre using a hand‐held gamma probe to guide surgery. Whilst several studies describe using this method to guide the removal of impalpable breast lesions, only a handful of publications report its use to guide excision of lesions outside the breast. We describe a case in which radio‐guided occult lesion localisation using an iodine 125 seed was used to guide excision of an impalpable posterior chest wall metastasis detected on PET‐CT.
Practice patterns of radiation therapy technology in Australia: results of a national audit
Authors: Bridge Pete , Dempsey Shane , Giles Eileen , Maresse Sharon , McCorkell Giulia , Opie Craig , Wright Caroline , Carmichael Mary‐Ann 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionThis article presents the results of a single‐day census of radiation therapy (RT) treatment and technology use in Australia. The primary aim of the study was to ascertain patterns of RT practice and technology in use across Australia. These data were primarily collated to inform curriculum development of academic programs, thereby ensuring that training is matched to workforce patterns of practice.MethodsThe study design was a census method with all 59 RT centres in Australia being invited to provide quantitative summary data relating to patient case mix and technology use on a randomly selected but common date. Anonymous and demographic‐free data were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsOverall data were provided across all six Australian States by 29 centres of a possible 59, yielding a response rate of 49% and representing a total of 2743 patients. Findings from this study indicate the increasing use of emerging intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), image fusion and image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT) technology in Australian RT planning and delivery phases. IMRT in particular was used for 37% of patients, indicating a high uptake of the technology in Australia when compared to other published data. The results also highlight the resource‐intensive nature of benign tumour radiotherapy.ConclusionsIn the absence of routine national data collection, the single‐day census method offers a relatively convenient means of measuring and tracking RT resource utilisation. Wider use of this tool has the potential to not only track trends in technology implementation but also inform evidence‐based guidelines for referral and resource planning.
Wintertime weather‐climate variability and its links to early spring ice‐out in Maine lakes
Authors: Beyene Mussie T. , Jain Shaleen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn recent decades, Maine lakes have recorded their earliest ice‐out dates in over a century. In temperate regions, seasonal lake ice‐cover is a critical phenomenon linking climate, aquatic ecosystem and society. And the lengthening of the ice‐free period due to warmer climate has been linked to increased algal growth and declining lake water quality, warming of water temperatures leading to alterations in aquatic biodiversity, and the shortening of ice‐fishing period and other traditional winter activities over lakes. In this study, historical record of eight lakes and six benchmarked meteorological stations in Maine for the period 1950–2010 were analyzed to (1) investigate the relationship between antecedent winter (January–February) temperatures, degree‐day variables, and spring‐time ice breakup dates, including the identification of thresholds and (2) determine the influence of the extreme phases of select atmospheric teleconnection patterns (Tropical Northern hemisphere‐ TNH and North Atlantic Oscillation‐ NAO) on the winter degree‐day quantities and spring ice‐out dates. The influence of antecedent winter degree‐days on spring ice‐out dates was characterized by determining the threshold winter accumulated freezing and melting degree‐day (AFDD and AMDD), the exceedance (non‐exceedance) of which engenders early (late) spring ice‐out dates. Statistical analysis between teleconnection indices and winter AFDD and/or AMDD quantities for Maine revealed an asymmetric relationship. Strongly negative phases of TNH and, to a lesser extent, positive phases of NAO are linked with spatial and temporal pattern of early spring ice breakup events in Maine lakes. These relationships taken together with observed warming trends have the potential to accelerate the decline in water quality in Maine lakes.
Seasonal patterns in extracellular ion concentrations and pH of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis
Authors: Freese Daniela , Niehoff Barbara , Søreide Janne E. , Sartoris Franz Josef 
Published: September 2015

AbstractArctic shelf zooplankton communities are dominated by the copepod Calanus glacialis. This species feeds in surface waters during spring and summer and accumulates large amounts of lipids. Autumn and winter are spent in dormancy in deeper waters. Lipids are believed to play a major role in regulating buoyancy, however, they cannot explain fine‐tuning of the depth distribution. To investigate whether ion exchange processes and acid‐base regulation support ontogenetic migration as suggested for Antarctic copepods, we sampled C. glacialis in monthly intervals for 1 yr in a high‐Arctic fjord and determined cation concentrations and the extracellular pH (pHe) in its hemolymph. During the winter/spring transition, prior to the upward migration of the copepods, Li+ ions were exchanged with cations (Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) leading to Li+ concentrations of 197 mmol L−1. This likely decreased the density and promoted upward migration in C. glacialis. Our data thus suggest that Li+ has a biological function in this species. Ion and pHe regulation in the hemolymph were not directly correlated, but the pHe revealed a seasonal pattern and was low (5.5) in winter and high (7.9) in summer. Low pHe during overwintering might be related to metabolic depression and thus, support diapause.
Statistical Approaches to Assessing Health and Healthcare Disparities
Authors: Eberly Lynn E. , Cunanan Kristen , Gurvich Olga , Savik Kay , Bliss Donna Z. , Wyman Jean F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDetermining whether racial and ethnic disparities exist for a health‐related outcome requires first specifying how outcomes will be measured and disparities calculated. We explain and contrast two common approaches for quantifying racial/ethnic disparities in health, with an applied example from nursing research. Data from a national for‐profit chain of nursing homes in the US were analyzed to estimate racial/ethnic disparities in incidence of pressure ulcer within 90 days of nursing home admission. Two approaches were used and then compared: logistic regression and Peters–Belson. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach are given. Logistic regression can be used to quantify disparities as the odds of the outcome for one group relative to another. Peters–Belson can be used to quantify an overall disparity between groups as a risk difference and also provides the proportion of that disparity that is explained by available risk factors. Extensions to continuous outcomes, to survival outcomes, and to clustered data are outlined. Both logistic regression and Peters–Belson are easily implementable and interpretable and provide information on the predictors associated with the outcome. These disparity estimation methods have different interpretations, assumptions, strengths, and weaknesses, of which the researcher should be aware when planning an analytic approach. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The associations of “fatness,” “fitness,” and physical activity with all‐cause mortality in older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Yerrakalva Dharani , Mullis Ricky , Mant Jonathan 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveThis review explored whether cardiorespiratory fitness or physical activity act as either confounders or effect modifiers of the relationship between adiposity markers and all‐cause mortality in older adults.MethodsSystematic searches were carried out to identify observational studies that examined the association of adiposity markers (BMI, waist circumference, and waist‐hip ratio) with all‐cause mortality in adults aged ≥60 which took into account cardiorespiratory fitness or physical activity. Data from each included study was analyzed to produce a graphical representation of this relationship.ResultsFourteen of the fifteen identified studies found that increasing BMI had a non‐positive association with all‐cause mortality, with persistence of the obesity paradox despite adjustment for physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness. Physical activity measurement methods were all subjective and often unvalidated. The two studies stratifying for cardiorespiratory fitness did not find that fitness had a significant impact on the relationship between excess adiposity and mortality but found that overweight and fit people had better survival than normal‐weight unfit people,ConclusionsThe predominant use of poor physical activity measurement suggests that studies are currently not adequately accounting for possible physical activity confounding. More studies are needed for addressing the modification of the relationship between adiposity markers and mortality by cardiorespiratory fitness.