bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in an Oncology Center in Lima, Peru: A Model for Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Seas Carlos , Legua Pedro , Delfin Brian , Villavicencio Karol , Palomino Angie , Montenegro Paola , Aguilar Ivan , La Rosa Yenka , Robles Maribel , Young Frank 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Our center launched the first antimicrobial stewardship program in Peru. From 2016 to 2023, the proportion of antimicrobial prescriptions audited increased from 60% to 95%, and 65% to 95% of recommendations were accepted. Vancomycin and meropenem use dropped by 95% and 84%, respectively. The proportion of recommendations for surgical prophylaxis exceeded 90%.
Similar Viral and Immune Characteristics of Kaposi Sarcoma in ART-treated People Living With HIV and Older Patients With Classic Kaposi Sarcoma
Authors: Royston Léna , Jary Aude , Berini Carolina A , Mabanga Tsoarello , Lin John , Pagliuzza Amélie , Chomont Nicolas , Litvinov Ivan V , Calmy Alexandra , Leducq Valentin , Calvez Vincent , Marcelin Anne-Geneviève , Isnard Stéphane , Routy Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Reemergence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)–induced Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in people living with HIV (PLWH) despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) poses a clinical challenge because they already have favorable CD4 T-cell numbers and undetectable viral loads. We observed that clinical presentation in PLWH on ART resembled classic KS found in older HIV-uninfected patients and hypothesized that immunosenescence may thus play a role in occurrence of KS on ART. We compared viral and immune factors implicated in the development of KS in ART-treated PLWH (HIV KS) and HIV-uninfected classic KS patients (cKS), compared to controls without KS (HIV Control, cControls respectively).

Methods
Plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cell, and skin tissues were obtained from 11 HIV KS and 11 cKS patients and 2 groups of age-matched controls.

Results
HIV KS participants were younger than cKS (aged 53 vs 75 years). HHV-8 genotypes did not differ between groups. Despite the younger age and a lower CD4/CD8 ratio, activated, exhausted, and senescent T-cell frequencies were similar between HIV KS and cKS. Anti–HHV-8 immunoglobulin G levels were higher and circulating HHV-8 DNA lower in HIV KS compared with cKS. Circulating platelet-derived growth factors AA-BB and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors were higher in HIV KS We observed similar levels of HHV-8 DNA and PD-1 expression in skin lesions from HIV KS and cKS patients.

Conclusions
Altogether, early immune senescence could be involved in the development of KS in ART-treated PLWH. Higher anti–HHV-8 immunoglobulin G levels could be linked with lower circulating viral load. Such insights should help developing therapeutical strategies to prevent development and treat KS in PLWH on ART.
Not so different: Comparing British MPs’ and voters’ attitudes to climate change
Authors: Pearson Mitya , Wager Alan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
There is a growing literature investigating the attitudes of political elites and citizens in a range of areas, and this article uses matched survey data of British MPs and voters to contribute a new comparison of their views on climate change. It finds limited evidence of systematic differences between MPs’ and voters’ attitudes to climate change: neither group is clearly more concerned about the issue than the other nor more polarized along partisan lines. However, there does appear to be incongruence between MPs’ and voters’ views on some specific climate policies. The research builds on previous analyses of British MPs’ approaches to climate change, including finding that party identity is more useful in predicting their perspectives on climate change than their perception of public attitudes.
DWARF AND LESS TILLERS ON CHROMOSOME 3 promotes tillering in rice by sustaining FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER 1 expression
Authors: Fan Yongyi , Chen Hongmei , Wang Beifang , Li Dian , Zhou Ran , Lian Wangmin , Shao Gaoneng , Wei Xiangjin , Wu Weixun , Liu Qunen , Sun Lianping , Zhan Xiaodeng , Cheng Shihua , Zhang Yingxin , Cao Liyong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Three key factors determine yield in rice (Oryza sativa): panicle number, grain number, and grain weight. Panicle number is strongly associated with tiller number. Although many genes regulating tillering have been identified, whether Dof proteins are involved in controlling plant architecture remains unknown. The dwarf and less tillers on chromosome 3 (dlt3) rice mutant produces fewer tillers than the wild type. We cloned DLT3, which encodes a Dof protein that interacts with MONOCULM 3 (MOC3) in vivo and in vitro and recruits MOC1, forming a DLT3-MOC3-MOC1 complex. DLT3 binds to the promoter of FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER 1 (FON1) to activate its transcription and positively regulate tiller number. The overexpression of MOC1, MOC3, or FON1 in the dlt3 mutant increased tiller number. Collectively, these results suggest a model in which DLT3 regulates tiller number by maintaining the expression of MOC1, MOC3, and FON1. We discovered that DLT3 underwent directional selection in the Xian/indica and Geng/japonica populations during rice domestication. To provide genetic resources for breeding varieties with optimal panicle numbers, we performed large-scale diversity sequencing of the 1,080-bp DLT3 coding region of 531 accessions from different countries and regions. Haplotype analysis showed that the superior haplotype, DLT3H1, produced the most tillers, while haplotype DLT3H6 produced the fewest tillers. Our study provides important germplasm resources for breeding super high-yielding rice varieties with combinations of superior haplotypes in different target genes, which will help overcome the challenge of food and nutritional security in the future.
Myo-inositol oxygenase CgMIOX3 alleviates S-RNase-induced inhibition of incompatible pollen tubes in pummelo
Authors: Xu Qiang , Liu Chenchen , Zhang Zhezhong , Cao Zonghong , Liang Mei , Ye Changning , Lin Zongcheng , Deng Xiuxin , Ye Junli , Bosch Maurice , Chai Lijun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Pummelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) exhibits S-RNase-based self-incompatibility (SI), during which S-RNase cytotoxicity inhibits pollen tubes in an S-haplotype-specific manner. The entry of S-RNase into self-pollen tubes triggers a series of reactions. However, these reactions are still poorly understood in pummelo. In the present study, we used S-RNases as baits to screen a pummelo pollen cDNA library and characterized a myo-inositol oxygenase (CgMIOX3) that physically interacts with S-RNases. CgMIOX3 is highly expressed in pummelo pollen tubes, and its downregulation leads to a reduction in pollen tube growth. Upon entering pollen tubes, S-RNases increase the expression of CgMIOX3 and enhance its activity by directly binding to it in an S-haplotype-independent manner. CgMIOX3 improves pollen tube growth under oxidative stress through ascorbic acid (AsA) accumulation and increases the length of self-pollen tubes. Furthermore, over-expression of CgMIOX3 increases the relative length of self-pollen tubes growing in the style of petunia (Petunia hybrida). This study provides intriguing insights into the pumelo SI system, revealing a regulatory mechanism mediated by CgMIOX3 that plays an important role in the resistance of pollen tubes to S-RNase cytotoxicity.
The Dynamics of Electoral Manipulation and Institutional Trust in Democracies: Election Timing, Blatant Fraud, and the Legitimacy of Governance
Authors: Higashijima Masaaki , Kadoya Hisashi , Yanai Yuki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the dynamic relationship between electoral manipulation and popular trust in political institutions. Governments often manipulate election results by resorting to electoral fraud. They also tilt the electoral field by opportunistically deciding when to hold elections, in other words, election timing maneuvering. How do these two different types of electoral manipulation affect citizens’ trust in the government, legislature, and election management bodies (EMBs)? We suggest that although the short-term effects of election timing manipulation are unclear due to its ambiguous nature as an electioneering strategy, substantial electoral margins created by timing maneuvering facilitate smooth decision-making, leading to boosting trust in the government and legislature over the long run. In contrast, as electoral fraud is an unambiguous form of manipulation, it may undermine trust in the government and parliament, although such effects may not last. By combining an original dataset of election timing with existing survey data comprising 335,000 citizens from fifty-eight democratic countries, we find evidence in support of our theoretical expectations.
Does Exposure to Election Fraud Research Undermine Confidence in Elections?
Authors: Kuk John S , Lee Don S , Rhee Inbok 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Can academic research on election fraud undermine public confidence in elections? As election results become instantaneously accessible all over the world, academic research can increasingly influence perceptions of election integrity. To examine how electoral fraud information from academic research can affect voters’ beliefs about the legitimacy of election results, we conducted a survey experiment following the 2020 general election in South Korea. Using a nationally representative sample of Korean voters and exploiting a unique real-world situation featuring foreign academics considered relatively impartial, we found that exposure to hypothetical election fraud claims undermined confidence in electoral outcomes, measured via both self-reports and behavioral measures. Moreover, the claims’ impact was conditional on voters’ partisan attachments—strongest among supporters of the losing party—which is in line with the logic of motivated reasoning. Our work contributes to the literature on election integrity, using a relatively new yet stable democracy as its test case.
Trust in the Count: Improving Voter Confidence with Post-election Audits
Authors: Jaffe Jacob , Loffredo Joseph R , Baltz Samuel , Flores Alejandro , Stewart Charles 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Post-election audits are thought to bolster voter confidence in elections, but it is unclear which aspects of audits drive public trust. Using preregistered vignette and conjoint survey experiments administered by YouGov on a sample of 2,000 American respondents, we find that how an audit is conducted is more important than what an audit finds. Structural features of audits, like who conducts it and how its results are announced, turn out to be more consequential to voter evaluations of election results than the actual discrepancy found. Moreover, while Democrats and Republicans have increasingly divided views of the state of democracy in the United States, they are similarly receptive to information presented about audits and largely agree that audits are effective tools for detecting errors in vote counting. Our findings thus reinforce the expectation that audits do increase voter trust and highlight that election administrators can strengthen voter confidence by making audits as transparent as possible.
Unpacking stakeholder perceptions on challenges for increasing adoption of solar-powered irrigation systems in India: A Q methodology study
Authors: Korekallu Srinivasa Aditya , Mithöfer Dagmar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Solar-powered irrigation systems (SPISs) are instruments for sustainable energy transition in agriculture. Despite the government of India's efforts, the adoption of SPIS has remained low. This paper uses the Q method to examine shared stakeholder views on the challenges of increasing SPIS adoption. The aim is to understand barriers to and drivers for SPIS adoption, and the necessary institutional setting to scale up adoption. To capture the discourse on challenges to SPIS adoption, a Q sample of 20 statements was extracted after stakeholder interviews and expert ratings. The statements were Q sorted by 22 respondents across SPIS stakeholder groups. Factor analysis identifies two distinct perspectives on constraints to expanding SPIS: (1) economic and financial barriers; and (2) institutional and governance challenges. This calls for re-framing SPIS from the incentive side of things and convergence across concerned implementing agencies.
Analysis of the relationship between ambient dose, ambient dose equivalent and effective dose in operational neutron spectra
Authors: Endo Akira 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study examines the relationship between ambient dose H*, ambient dose equivalent H*(10), and effective dose E for external neutron irradiation over 163 operational spectra from different workplaces. The results show that H* provides a reasonable estimate with a controlled margin, even if overestimated, to assess E compared with H*(10), which can lead to a significant overestimation or underestimation of E depending on the neutron spectra. The results highlight the limitations of H*(10) and the superiority of H* in estimating E according to the requirements of the operational quantities, especially in environments with high-energy neutrons.
Modification of algorithm for accurate estimation of Hp(3) based on response of head TLD badge calibrated using ISO cylindrical phantom
Authors: Bhattacharya Madhumita , Samuel Kasthuri , Srivastava Kshama , Bakshi Ashok Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In India, the prevailing approach to eye lens dosimetry is the placement of an existing dosemeter on the forehead region after slight modification serves as a dedicated Eye Lens Dosemeter. A methodology for estimating the eye lens dose in terms of the Hp(3) has been previously explored employing an algorithm based on the response characteristics of this dosemeter using ISO slab phantom. It was observed that the performance of the dosemeter in terms of Hp(3) using previous algorithm showed under response at higher angles of incidence and photon beams of energy &lt; 200 keV. Further, study was conducted to modify the algorithm following the latest ISO recommendations. This involved generation of data from the response of existing dosemeter on a cylindrical phantom. The results of this study revealed better performance of the newly established algorithm in estimating eye lens dose in terms of Hp(3) when compared to the earlier algorithm.
Associations of accelerometer-measured sleep duration with incident cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality
Authors: Zhou Mingqing , Liang Yannis Yan , Ai Sizhi , Feng Hongliang , Zhou Yujing , Liu Yaping , Zhang Jihui , Jia Fujun , Lei Binbin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
This study aimed to determine the associations between accelerometer-measured sleep durations and the risks of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD-related mortality.

Methods
A total of 92 261 participants (mean age: 62.4 ± 7.8 years, 56.4% female) were included in UK Biobank between 2013 and 2015. Average daily sleep durations were measured using wrist-worn accelerometers over a 7-day period. Sleep durations were categorized as &lt;7 hours/day, 7–9 hours/day (reference), and &gt;9 hours/day. The incidence of CVD and CVD-related mortality were ascertained by hospital records and death registries.

Results
During a median follow-up period of 7.0 years, a total of 13 167 participants developed CVD, and 1079 participants died of CVD. Compared with a sleep duration 7–9 hours/day, an accelerometer-measured sleep duration &lt;7 hours/day but not &gt;9 hours/day was associated with higher risks of incident CVD (HR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.10), CVD-related mortality (HR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.47), coronary heart disease (HR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.19), myocardial infarction (HR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.27), heart failure (HR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.34), and atrial fibrillation (HR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.24). A curvilinear dose‒response pattern was observed between accelerometer-measured sleep durations and incident CVD (poverall &lt; .001), with L-shaped associations found for incident CVD and CVD-related mortality.

Conclusions
An accelerometer-measured sleep duration of &lt;7 hours/day but not &gt;9 hours/day was associated with elevated risks of incident CVD and CVD-related mortality. Maintaining adequate sleep may help promote cardiovascular health.
Determination of relative bioavailability of copper from copper glycinate in growing beef steers
Authors: Henderson Jacob A , Niedermayer-Conway Emma K , Hansen Stephanie L 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Chelated copper (Cu) sources, such as Cu glycinate (CuGly), may be more bioavailable relative to Cu sulfate (CuSO4) when fed to ruminants under antagonistic pressure. The objective of this study was to determine the bioavailability of CuGly (GemStone Cu; Phibro Animal Health) relative to CuSO4 in steers fed a diet supplemented with 0.3% sulfur and 2 mg molybdenum/kg of dry matter (DM). Sixty Angus crossbred steers (n = 12 per treatment) averaging 288 ± 4.85 kg were enrolled in a 90-d study and fed a corn silage-based diet with one of five Cu supplementation strategies, including no supplemental Cu (CON), 5 or 10 mg supplemental Cu from CuSO4/kg DM, and 5 or 10 mg supplemental Cu from CuGly/kg DM. Steers were housed in pens equipped with GrowSafe feed bunks (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Airdire, AB, Canada), with six steers per pen. Growth performance, liver Cu, and plasma Cu were analyzed in the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc, Cary, NC) with orthogonal contrasts to compare CON vs. 5 mg Cu/kg DM, CON vs. 10 mg Cu/kg DM, 5 vs. 10 mg Cu/kg DM, and CuSO4 vs. CuGly. Copper indices were regressed against Cu intake and slopes were calculated using the GLM procedure SAS. Dietary Cu supplementation did not affect steer body weights on days 0, 28, 56, or 90 (P ≥ 0.52), average daily gain, dry matter intake, or gain:feed (P ≥ 0.36). Final plasma Cu concentration did not differ between CON vs. 5 mg Cu/kg DM (P = 0.79), CON vs. 10 mg Cu/kg DM (P = 0.65), or 5 vs. 10 mg Cu/kg DM (P = 0.39). Steers receiving CuSO4 tended to have greater final plasma Cu concentrations than those receiving CuGly (P = 0.08). Initial liver Cu concentration averaged 374 mg Cu/kg DM, which is considered highly adequate. No steers reached deficient Cu status by the end of the 90-d period. Control steers had lesser final liver Cu concentrations than supplemented steers (P ≤ 0.04). Steers receiving 10 mg supplemental Cu/kg DM had greater liver Cu concentrations than those receiving 5 mg supplemental Cu/kg DM (P = 0.01). Copper source had no effect on final liver Cu concentrations (P = 0.57) and based on liver Cu and Cu intake the bioavailability of CuGly was similar to CuSO4 (115%; P = 0.27). The initially high Cu status and the fact that cattle did not become Cu deficient may have impacted the relative bioavailability results, and more research is needed to investigate the role initial Cu status and antagonistic pressure play in the bioavailability of chelated Cu sources.
On-Site Dermatology Care for Older Adults
Authors: Mulholland Kalli , Gardner Kenzie 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Access to timely, satisfactory dermatology care is an ongoing challenge that specifically impacts aging adults. Among the numerous barriers that older generations face, transportation emerges as a central obstacle that affects their ability to receive proper treatment and follow-up care. Overcoming this potential hurdle requires innovation in healthcare delivery from the current traditional brick-and-mortar option. One solution to closing this gap and improving treatment opportunities includes the collaboration with senior living facilities to provide on-site dermatologic care to this vulnerable population. This forward-thinking healthcare delivery model not only addresses access and transportation barrier issues but also offers additional advantages including personalized timely care, flexible patient scheduling, a culture of safety, space for patient dignity, and privacy as well as strengthens partnerships with ecosystem stakeholders. Dermatology nurses are uniquely positioned to advocate for older adults in need of appropriate dermatology services. It is our hope that the information in this article will support the successful delivery of on-site dermatology care for older adults.
Subclavian arterial rupture due to blunt trauma injury: A case report
Authors: Hwang Suyeong , Kim Gun Woo , Cho Sung Hoon , Hwang Deokbi , Lim Kyoung Hoon 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Subclavian arterial injury due to blunt trauma is rare but can have devastating outcomes. Massive hemorrhage or limb ischemia might develop depending on the extent of damage, and open repair might be necessary to salvage the limb. However, life-saving treatments should be prioritized in critically unstable patients.

Patient concerns:
A 21-year-old male patient who was transferred to our trauma center following a motorcycle accident. Abdominal and chest computed tomography (CT) revealed right renal injury and massive hemothorax with several rib fractures in the right chest.

Diagnosis and interventions:
Right renal injury with multiple extravasations and right 8th intercostal arterial injury were detected during angiography. Emergent exploration with lateral thoracotomy was performed to manage right hemothorax. Pulsating bleeding from the thoracic roof observed in the operative field suggested a subclavian arterial injury. The unstable vital signs did not recover despite massive transfusion, and his right arm had already stiffened. Therefore, endovascular approach was adopted and the second portion of the right subclavian artery was embolized using microcoils and thrombin.

Outcomes:
Postoperative intensive care unit management performed to resuscitate patient from multiorgan failure included continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). After confirming the demarcation lines, transhumeral amputation of the right arm was performed on admission day 12. The patient recovered from multiorgan failure for more than 3 weeks after the accident; however, the patient survived.

Lessons:
Limb salvage, albeit critical for quality of life, is not possible in some cases where life-saving measures require its sacrifice. In these cases, quick decision-making by the surgeon is paramount for patient survival. As illustrated in this case, endovascular approaches should be considered less invasive measures to save the patient’s life.
A closed-loop negative feedback model for the pancreas: A new paradigm and pathway to a cure
Authors: Dressel Thomas D. , Custer Christine M. 
Published: July 2024

Background and aims:
To develop a model that describes how the pancreas functions, how the rate of synthesis of digestive enzymes is regulated, and finally what puts the pancreas to rest between meals.

Methods:
We applied the principals of control theory to previously published canine data to develop a model for how the canine pancreas functions. Using this model, we then describe the steps needed to apply this model to the human pancreas.

Results:
This new closed-loop negative feedback model describes what regulates digestive enzyme synthesis. This model is based on basolateral exocytosis of butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) into the interstitial space. It is this level of BCHE * BCHE activity that controls the rate of canine pancreas digestive enzyme synthesis, and in the absence of stimulation from the vagus nerve, puts the pancreas to rest between meals.

Conclusions:
Finding secretagogue-specific inhibitory enzymes in the human pancreas that are analogous to BCHE in the canine, and blocking its associated receptors, may lead to a cure for human pancreatitis.