bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Hip Fracture on Mortality: A Cohort Study in Hip Fracture Discordant Identical Twins
Authors: Michaëlsson Karl , Nordström Peter , Nordström Anna , Garmo Hans , Byberg Liisa , Pedersen Nancy L , Melhus Håkan 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Several studies have shown a long-lasting higher mortality after hip fracture, but the reasons for the excess risk are not well understood. We aimed to determine whether a higher mortality after hip fracture exists when controlling for genetic constitution, shared environment, comorbidity, and lifestyle by use of a nationwide cohort study in hip fracture discordant monozygotic twins. All 286 identical Swedish twin pairs discordant for hip fracture (1972 to 2010) were identified. Comorbidity and lifestyle information was retrieved by registers and questionnaire information. We used intrapair Cox regression to compute multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for death. During follow-up, 143 twins with a hip fracture died (50%) compared with 101 twins (35%) without a hip fracture. Through the first year after hip fracture, the rate of death increased fourfold in women (HR = 3.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–10.40) and sevenfold in men (HR = 6.67; 95% CI 1.47–30.13). The increased rate in women only persisted during the first year after hip fracture (HR after 1 year = 0.99; 95% CI 0.66–1.50), whereas the corresponding HR in men was 2.58 (95% CI 1.02–6.62). The higher risk in men after the hip fracture event was successively attenuated during follow-up. After 5 years, the hazard ratio in men with a hip fracture was 1.19 (95% CI 0.29–4.90). On average, the hip fracture contributed to 0.9 years of life lost in women (95% CI 0.06–1.7) and 2.7 years in men (95% CI 1.7–3.7). The potential years of life lost associated with the hip fracture was especially pronounced in older men (&gt;75 years), with an average loss of 47% (95% CI 31–61) of the expected remaining lifetime. We conclude that both women and men display a higher mortality after hip fracture independent of genes, comorbidity, and lifestyle. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
MiR-503 Regulates Osteoclastogenesis via Targeting RANK
Authors: Chen Chao , Cheng Peng , Xie Hui , Zhou Hou-De , Wu Xian-Ping , Liao Er-Yuan , Luo Xiang-Hang 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. However, no study has investigated the role of miRNA in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Here, we report that miR-503 was markedly reduced in circulating progenitors of osteoclasts–CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from postmenopausal osteoporosis patients compared with those from postmenopausal healthy women. Overexpression of miR-503 in CD14+ PBMCs inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. Conversely, silencing of miR-503 in CD14+ PBMCs promoted osteoclastogenesis. RANK, which is activated by the binding of RANKL and inducing osteoclast differentiation, was confirmed to be a target of miR-503. In vivo, silencing of miR-503 using a specific antagomir in ovariectomy (OVX) mice increased RANK protein expression, promoted bone resorption, and decreased bone mass, whereas overexpression of miR-503 with agomir inhibited bone resorption and prevented bone loss in OVX mice. Thus, our study revealed that miR-503 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis and contributes to a new therapeutic way for osteoporosis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Edge‐driven mechanical microplate models of strike‐slip faulting in the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Langstaff Meredith A. , Meade Brendan J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe India‐Asia collision zone accommodates the relative motion between India and Eurasia through both shortening and pervasive strike‐slip faulting. To gain a mechanical understanding of how fault slip rates are driven across the Tibetan plateau, we develop a two‐dimensional, linear elastic, two‐stage, deformable microplate model for the upper crust based on the behavior of an idealized earthquake cycle. We use this approach to develop a suite of simple India‐Asia collision zone models, differing only in boundary conditions, to determine which combination of edge forces and displacements are consistent with both the slip rate measurements along major Tibetan faults as well as the geodetically observed extrusion of crustal material toward Southeast Asia. Model predictions for the Altyn Tagh (1–14 mm/yr), Kunlun (3–10 mm/yr), Karakorum (5–12 mm/yr), and Haiyuan (3–5 mm/yr) faults are in agreement with geologically and geodetically inferred slip rates. Further, models that accurately reproduce observed slip rate gradients along the Altyn Tagh and Kunlun faults feature two critical boundary conditions: (1) oblique compressive displacement along the Himalayan range front west of the Shillong plateau, and (2) forcing in Southeast Asia. Additionally, the ratio of internal‐block potency rate to the total potency rate for each microplate ranges from 28% to 79%, suggesting a hybrid view of deformation in Tibet as simultaneously localized on major faults and distributed at length scales <500 km.
3D cloud reconstructions: Evaluation of scanning radar scan strategy with a view to surface shortwave radiation closure
Authors: Fielding Mark D. , Chiu J. Christine , Hogan Robin J. , Feingold Graham 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe ability of six scanning cloud radar scan strategies to reconstruct cumulus cloud fields for radiation study is assessed. Utilizing snapshots of clean and polluted cloud fields from large eddy simulations, an analysis is undertaken of error in both the liquid water path and monochromatic downwelling surface irradiance at 870 nm of the reconstructed cloud fields. Error introduced by radar sensitivity, choice of radar scan strategy, retrieval of liquid water content (LWC), and reconstruction scheme is explored. Given an infinitely sensitive radar and perfect LWC retrieval, domain average surface irradiance biases are typically less than 3 W m−2 µm−1, corresponding to 5–10% of the cloud radiative effect (CRE). However, when using a realistic radar sensitivity of −37.5 dBZ at 1 km, optically thin areas and edges of clouds are difficult to detect due to their low radar reflectivity; in clean conditions, overestimates are of order 10 W m−2 µm−1 (~20% of the CRE), but in polluted conditions, where the droplets are smaller, this increases to 10–26 W m−2 µm−1 (~40–100% of the CRE). Drizzle drops are also problematic; if treated as cloud droplets, reconstructions are poor, leading to large underestimates of 20–46 W m−2 µm−1 in domain average surface irradiance (~40–80% of the CRE). Nevertheless, a synergistic retrieval approach combining the detailed cloud structure obtained from scanning radar with the droplet‐size information and location of cloud base gained from other instruments would potentially make accurate solar radiative transfer calculations in broken cloud possible for the first time.
Mechanical properties of the extra‐fibrillar matrix of human annulus fibrosus are location and age dependent
Authors: Cortes Daniel H. , Han Woojin M. , Smith Lachlan J. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe mechanical behavior of the annulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disc can be modeled as a mixture of fibers, extra‐fibrillar matrix (EFM), ions, and fluid. However, the properties of the EFM have not been measured directly. We measured mechanical properties of the human EFM at several locations, determined the effect of age and degeneration, and evaluated whether changes in EFM properties correspond to AF compositional changes. EFM mechanical properties were measured using a method that combines osmotic loading and confined compression. AF samples were dissected from several locations, and mechanical properties were correlated with age, degeneration, and composition. EFM modulus was found to range between 10 and 50 kPa, increasing nonlinearly with compression magnitude and being highest in the AF outer‐anterior region. EFM properties were not correlated with composition or degeneration. However, the EFM modulus, its relative contribution to tissue modulus, and model parameters were correlated with age. These measurements will result in more accurate predictions of deformations in the intervertebral disc. Additionally, parameters such as permeability and diffusivity used for biotransport analysis of glucose and other solutes depend on EFM deformation. Consequently, the accuracy of biotransport simulations will be greatly improved. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1725–1732, 2013
Numerical simulation of airflow patterns in nose models with differently localized septal perforations
Authors: Lindemann Joerg , Rettinger Gerhard , Kröger Ralf , Sommer Fabian 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe most typical complaints of patients with nasal septal perforation (SP) are nasal obstruction, crusting, and recurrent epistaxis depending on the size and site of the SP mainly due to disturbed airflow patterns. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of differently localized SPs on intranasal airflow patterns during inspiration by means of numerical simulation.Study DesignAn experimental setup using three dimensional computer models of a human nose was created. Four different models with three differently localized septal perforation allowed an examination of intranasal airflow changes.MethodsFour high‐resolution, realistic, bilateral computer models of the human nose with three differently localized SPs were reconstructed based on computed tomography. A numerical simulation was performed. The intranasal airflow patterns (path lines, velocity, turbulent kinetic energy) during inspiration were displayed, analyzed, and compared.ResultsSPs cause a highly disturbed airflow in the area of the SP and behind. A spacious vortex within the perforation, including various localized vortices, was detected. The airflow in the nose was disturbed to varying degrees depending on the location of the perforation. SPs within the anterior caudal septum in area II led to increased negative turbulences and crossflow.ConclusionsThe numerical simulations demonstrate significantly disturbed intranasal airflow patterns due to SPs. This fact may contribute to crusting and nosebleed due to dehydration of the nasal mucosa. The location and size of the SP are crucial for the impact on disturbed airflow pattern and therefore the patients' complaints. Anterior caudal SPs seem to be the worst. Surgical closure of SPs or simply changes in the site and size of the SP if a complete closure is surgically impossible makes sense. Laryngoscope, 123:2085–2089, 2013
Limiting hazardous noise exposure from noisy toys: Simple, sticky solutions
Authors: Weinreich Heather M. , Jabbour Noel , Levine Samuel , Yueh Bevan 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothosisTo assess noise levels of toys from the Sight & Hearing Association (SHA) 2010 Noisy Toys List and evaluate the change in noise of these toys after covering the speakers with tape or glue.Study DesignOne Group Pretest‐Posttest Design.MethodsSHA 2010 Toys List (n = 18) toys were tested at distances of 0 and 25 cm from sound source in a soundproof booth using a digital sound‐level meter. The dBA level of sound produced by toy was obtained. Toys with speakers (n = 16) were tested before and after altering speakers with plastic packing tape or nontoxic glue.ResultsMean noise level for non‐taped toys at 0 and 25 cm was 107.6 dBA (SD ± 8.5) and 82.5 dBA (SD ± 8.8), respectively. With tape, there was a statistically significant decrease in noise level at 0 and 25 cm: 84.2 dBA and 68.2 dBA (P <0.001). With glue, there was a statistically significant decrease in noise level at 0 cm and 25 cm: 79.7 dBA and 66.4 dBA (P <0.001).ConclusionsBoth tape and glue significantly decreased the noise level produced by the toys. However, there was no significant difference between tape or glue. Overall, altering the toy can significantly decrease the sound a child may experience when playing with toys. However, some toys, even after altering, still produce sound levels that may be considered dangerous.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:2240–2244, 2013
The utility of the potassium titanyl phosphate laser in modulating vocal fold scar in a rat model
Authors: Sheu Mike , Sridharan Shuam , Paul Benjamin , Mallur Pavan , Gandonu Sonate , Bing Renjie , Zhou Hang , Branski Ryan C. , Amin Milan R. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisWe hypothesize that the KTP laser has the potential to augment wound healing in a rat model, and this modality may serve as a therapeutic tool for the management of vocal fold fibrosis.Study DesignProspective, laboratory animal study.MethodsRats were subjected to either vocal fold injury ± KTP laser treatment at low energy to simulate clinically relevant endpoints. In addition, cohorts were subjected to therapeutic KTP laser alone. Endpoints included the analyses of gene expression data related to the acute inflammatory response and extracellular matrix deposition and organization.ResultsTherapeutic KTP treatment was associated with an additive effect on inflammatory gene expression in the context of the injured rat vocal fold mucosa. A similar additive effect was observed for matrix metalloproteinase gene expression, similar to data previously reported in the dermatology literature. However, histologically, the KTP had little effect on established vocal fold fibrosis.ConclusionsThese data are the first to attempt to provide mechanistic insight into the clinical utility of angiolytic lasers for vocal fold scar. Similar to previous data obtained in the skin, it appears that these effects are mediated by MMPs.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 123:2189–2194, 2013
Outcomes in children under 12 months of age undergoing adenotonsillectomy for sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Cheng Jeffrey , Elden Lisa 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the incidence, safety, and efficacy of adenotonsillectomy for the treatment of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants 12 months of age and younger.Study DesignCase series study.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of pediatric patients, 12 months of age or younger, who underwent adenotonsillectomy between January 1, 2006 and May 18, 2012 at a tertiary‐care children's hospital.ResultsOnly 25 patients were identified. Most of the patients were male, with an average age of 10.6 months. All of the patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) postoperatively. The average length of stay was 2.7 days (range, 1–9 days). Twelve patients were otherwise healthy infants, whereas 13 had significant comorbid conditions. Adenotonsillectomy was successful in treating OSA/SDB in all of the otherwise healthy patients and less effective in patients who had comorbid conditions (38.5%) (P = .002). Postoperative complications occurred in three of the 12 otherwise healthy patients, and in four of the 13 patients with comorbid conditions.ConclusionsAdenotonsillectomy in infants under 12 months old is uncommonly performed, but is more effective in treating OSA/SDB in patients who are healthy than in those with comorbid conditions. Postoperative PICU monitoring is recommended given that the risks of postoperative complications in this young age group is high (28%) and often related to perioperative oxygen requirements. Patients should also be counseled about the potential for symptomatic adenoid regrowth, for which revision adenoidectomy may be indicated.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2281–2284, 2013
Airy plasmons: non‐diffracting optical surface waves
Authors: Minovich Alexander E. , Klein Angela E. , Neshev Dragomir N. , Pertsch Thomas , Kivshar Yuri S. , Christodoulides Demetrios N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAiry beams represent an important class of non‐diffracting waves which can be realized on a flat surface. Being generated in the form of surface‐plasmon polaritons, such Airy plasmons demonstrate many remarkable properties: they do not diffract while propagating along parabolic trajectories, and they recover their shape after passing through obstacles. This paper reviews the basic physics of Airy plasmons in both paraxial and non‐paraxial cases, and describes the experimental methods for generation of Airy surface waves on metal surfaces, including a control of their trajectories, as well as the interference of Airy plasmons and hot‐spot generation. Many unusual properties of Airy plasmons can be utilized for useful applications, including plasmonic circuitry and surface tweezers. Picture: Observation of two colliding Airy plasmons.
Constrained diffusion kurtosis imaging using ternary quartics & MLE
Authors: Ghosh Aurobrata , Milne Tristan , Deriche Rachid 
Published: July 2013

PurposeDiffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is a recent improvement over diffusion tensor imaging that characterizes tissue by quantifying non‐gaussian diffusion using a 3D fourth‐orderkurtosistensor. DKI needs to consider three constraints to be physically relevant. Further, it can be improved by considering the Rician signal noise model. A DKI estimation method is proposed that considers all three constraints correctly, accounts for the signal noise and incorporates efficient gradient‐based optimization to improve over existing methods.MethodsThe ternary quartic parameterization is utilized to elegantly impose the positivity of the kurtosis tensor implicitly. Sequential quadratic programming with analytical gradients is employed to solve nonlinear constrained optimization efficiently. Finally, a maximum likelihood estimator based on Rician distribution is considered to account for signal noise.ResultsExtensive experiments conducted on synthetic data verify a MATLAB implementation by showing dramatically improved performance in terms of estimation time and quality. Experiments on in vivo cerebral data confirm that in practice the proposed method can obtain improved results.ConclusionThe proposed ternary quartic‐based approach with a gradient‐based optimization scheme and maximum likelihood estimator for constrained DKI estimation improves considerably on existing DKI methods.Magn Reson Med 71:1581–1591, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multicenter validation of spin‐density projection‐assisted R2‐MRI for the noninvasive measurement of liver iron concentration
Authors: St Pierre Tim G. , El‐Beshlawy Amal , Elalfy Mohsen , Al Jefri Abdullah , Al Zir Kusai , Daar Shahina , Habr Dany , Kriemler‐Krahn Ulrike , Taher Ali 
Published: July 2013

PurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based techniques for assessing liver iron concentration (LIC) have been limited by single scanner calibration against biopsy. Here, the calibration of spin‐density projection‐assisted (SDPA) R2‐MRI (FerriScan®) in iron‐overloaded β‐thalassemia patients treated with the iron chelator, deferasirox, for 12 months is validated.MethodsSDPA R2‐MRI measurements and percutaneous needle liver biopsy samples were obtained from a subgroup of patients (n = 233) from the ESCALATOR trial. Five different makes and models of scanner were used in the study.ResultsLIC, derived from mean of MRI‐ and biopsy‐derived values, ranged from 0.7 to 50.1 mg Fe/g dry weight. Mean fractional differences between SDPA R2‐MRI‐ and biopsy‐measured LIC were not significantly different from zero. They were also not significantly different from zero when categorized for each of the Ishak stages of fibrosis and grades of necroinflammation, for subjects aged 3 to <8 versus ≥8 years, or for each scanner model. Upper and lower 95% limits of agreement between SDPA R2‐MRI and biopsy LIC measurements were 74 and −71%.ConclusionThe calibration curve appears independent of scanner type, patient age, stage of liver fibrosis, grade of necroinflammation, and use of deferasirox chelation therapy, confirming the clinical usefulness of SDPA R2‐MRI for monitoring iron overload. Magn Reson Med 71:2215–2223, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neutronenstreuung in Echtzeit: Was passiert im Festkörper?
Authors: Eckold Götz 
Published: July 2013

AbstractZeitaufgelöste Neutronenstreuexperimente liefern Informationen über Nichtgleichgewichtszustände bei Festkörperreaktionen. Mit stroboskopischen Techniken sind Zeitauflösungen bis in den Mikrosekundenbereich möglich.
Standard care versus protocol based therapy for new onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Mayer‐Hamblett Nicole , Rosenfeld Margaret , Treggiari Miriam M. , Konstan Michael W. , Retsch‐Bogart George , Morgan Wayne , Wagener Jeff , Gibson Ronald L. , Khan Umer , Emerson Julia , Thompson Valeria , Elkin Eric P. , Ramsey Bonnie W. ,   for the EPIC, ESCF Investigators
Published: July 2013

AbstractRationaleThe Early Pseudomonal Infection Control (EPIC) randomized trial rigorously evaluated the efficacy of different antibiotic regimens for eradication of newly identified Pseudomonas (Pa) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Protocol based therapy in the trial was provided based on culture positivity independent of symptoms. It is unclear whether outcomes observed in the clinical trial were different than those that would have been observed with historical standard of care driven more heavily by respiratory symptoms than culture positivity alone. We hypothesized that the incidence of Pa recurrence and hospitalizations would be significantly reduced among trial participants as compared to historical controls whose standard of care preceded the widespread adoption of tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS) as initial eradication therapy at the time of new isolation of Pa.MethodsEligibility criteria from the trial were used to derive historical controls from the Epidemiologic Study of CF (ESCF) who received standard of care treatment from 1995 to 1998, before widespread availability of TIS. Pa recurrence and hospitalization outcomes were assessed over a 15‐month time period.ResultsAs compared to 100% of the 304 trial participants, only 296/608 (49%) historical controls received antibiotics within an average of 20 weeks after new onset Pa. Pa recurrence occurred among 104/298 (35%) of the trial participants as compared to 295/549 (54%) of historical controls (19% difference, 95% CI: 12%, 26%, P < 0.001). No significant differences in the incidence of hospitalization were observed between cohorts.ConclusionsProtocol‐based antimicrobial therapy for newly acquired Pa resulted in a lower rate of Pa recurrence but comparable hospitalization rates as compared to a historical control cohort less aggressively treated with antibiotics for new onset Pa. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:943–953. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protonation‐dependent conformational variability of intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Geist Leonhard , Henen Morkos A. , Haiderer Sandra , Schwarz Thomas C. , Kurzbach Dennis , Zawadzka‐Kazimierczuk Anna , Saxena Saurabh , Żerko Szymon , Koźmiński Wiktor , Hinderberger Dariush , Konrat Robert 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are characterized by substantial conformational plasticity and undergo rearrangements of the time‐averaged conformational ensemble on changes of environmental conditions (e.g., in ionic strength, pH, molecular crowding). In contrast to stably folded proteins, IDPs often form compact conformations at acidic pH. The biological relevance of this process was, for example, demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the aggregation prone (low pH) state of α‐synuclein. In this study, we report a large‐scale analysis of the pH dependence of disordered proteins using the recently developed meta‐structure approach. The meta‐structure analysis of a large set of IDPs revealed a significant tendency of IDPs to form α‐helical secondary structure elements and to preferentially fold into more compact structures under acidic conditions. The predictive validity of this novel approach was demonstrated with applications to the tumor‐suppressor BASP1 and the transcription factor Tcf4.