bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoregulation and Stress Hormone Recovery After Exercise Dehydration: Comparison of Rehydration Methods
Authors: McDermott Brendon P. , Casa Douglas J. , Lee Elaine , Yamamoto Linda , Beasley Kathleen , Emmanuel Holly , Anderson Jeffrey , Pescatello Linda , Armstrong Lawrence E. , Maresh Carl 
Published: October 2013

Context:
Athletic trainers recommend and use a multitude of rehydration (REHY) methods with their patients. The REHY modality that most effectively facilitates recovery is unknown.

Objective:
To compare 5 common REHY methods for thermoregulatory and stress hormone recovery after exercise dehydration (EXDE) in trained participants.

Design:
Randomized, cross-over, controlled study.

Patients or Other Participants:
Twelve physically active, non–heat-acclimatized men (age = 23 ± 4 years, height = 180 ± 6 cm, mass = 81.3 ± 3.7 kg, V̇o2max = 56.9 ± 4.4 mL·min−1·kg−1, body fat = 7.9% ± 3%) participated.

Intervention(s):
Participants completed 20-hour fluid restriction and 2-hour EXDE; they then received no fluid (NF) or REHY (half-normal saline) via ad libitum (AL), oral (OR), intravenous (IV), or combination IV and OR (IV + OR) routes for 30 minutes; and then were observed for another 30 minutes.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Body mass, rectal temperature, 4-site mean weighted skin temperature, plasma stress hormone concentrations, and environmental symptoms questionnaire (ESQ) score.

Results:
Participants were hypohydrated (body mass −4.23% ± 0.22%) post-EXDE. Rectal temperature for the NF group was significantly greater than for the IV group (P = .023) at 30 minutes after beginning REHY (REHY30) and greater than OR, IV, and IV + OR (P ≤ .009) but not AL (P = .068) at REHY60. Mean weighted skin temperature during AL was less than during IV + OR at REHY5 (P = .019). The AL participants demonstrated increased plasma cortisol concentrations compared with IV + OR, independent of time (P = .015). No differences existed between catecholamine concentrations across treatments (P &gt; .05). The ESQ score was increased at REHY60 for NF, AL, OR, and IV (P &lt; .05) but not for IV + OR (P = .217). The NF ESQ score was greater than that of IV + OR at REHY60 (P = .012).

Conclusions:
Combination IV + OR REHY reduced body temperature to a greater degree than OR and AL REHY when compared with NF. Future studies addressing clinical implications are needed.
Concussion-Assessment and -Management Techniques Used by Athletic Trainers
Authors: Lynall Robert C. , Laudner Kevin G. , Mihalik Jason P. , Stanek Justin M. 
Published: October 2013

Context:
Understanding concussion-assessmment and -management practices that athletic trainers (ATs) currently use will allow clinicians to identify potential strategies for enhancing the quality of care provided to patients.

Objective:
To assess current clinical concussion diagnostic and return-to-participation practices among ATs.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants:
A link to the survey was sent randomly to a convenience sample of 3222 members of the National Athletic Trainers' Association. A total of 1053 (32.7%) certified ATs (experience as an AT = 11.2 ± 9.1 years) responded to the survey.

Intervention(s):
Prospective participants received electronic correspondence informing them of the purpose of the study and providing a link to the Web-based survey instrument. A reminder e-mail was sent approximately 6 weeks later, and the survey remained online for a total of 8 weeks.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We collected information on the annual number of concussions assessed and tools employed to diagnose, manage, and safely return an athlete to participation. Descriptive statistics were computed for each variable.

Results:
Participants reported observing 10.7 ± 11.0 concussions per year. Clinical examination (n = 743, 70.6%) was the most commonly reported means for evaluating and diagnosing concussion. Less than half of our respondents employed the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (n = 467, 44.3%), any variation of the Romberg test (n = 461, 43.8%), and computerized neuropsychological testing (n = 459, 43.6%). Clinical examination (n = 773, 73.4%), return-to-participation guidelines (n = 713, 67.7%), physician recommendation (n = 660, 62.7%), or player self-report (n = 447, 42.5%) contributed to the return-to-participation decisions of ATs. Only 20.8% (n = 219) of ATs reported using all 3 recommended domains of the concussion battery.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated a growth in the number of ATs incorporating objective clinical measures of concussion as a part of their concussion management. Conversely, fewer ATs reported using a standard clinical examination in their concussion assessment. These findings suggest ATs must continue to increase their use of both objective concussion assessment tools and the standard clinical examination.
Feedback in Clinical Education, Part I: Characteristics of Feedback Provided by Approved Clinical Instructors
Authors: Nottingham Sara , Henning Jolene 
Published: October 2013

Context
Providing students with feedback is an important component of athletic training clinical education; however, little information is known about the feedback that Approved Clinical Instructors (ACIs; now known as preceptors) currently provide to athletic training students (ATSs).

Objective
To characterize the feedback provided by ACIs to ATSs during clinical education experiences.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
One National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletic training facility and 1 outpatient rehabilitation clinic that were clinical sites for 1 entry-level master's degree program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 4 ACIs with various experience levels and 4 second-year ATSs.

Data Collection and Analysis
Extensive field observations were audio recorded, transcribed, and integrated with field notes for analysis. The constant comparative approach of open, axial, and selective coding was used to inductively analyze data and develop codes and categories. Member checking, triangulation, and peer debriefing were used to promote trustworthiness of the study.

Results
The ACIs gave 88 feedback statements in 45 hours and 10 minutes of observation. Characteristics of feedback categories included purpose, timing, specificity, content, form, and privacy.

Conclusions
Feedback that ACIs provided included several components that made each feedback exchange unique. The ACIs in our study provided feedback that is supported by the literature, suggesting that ACIs are using current recommendations for providing feedback. Feedback needs to be investigated across multiple athletic training education programs to gain more understanding of certain areas of feedback, including frequency, privacy, and form.
Attentional Biases and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Urges in Adolescents
Authors: Goreis Andreas , Pfeffer Bettina , Hajek Gross Carola , Klinger Diana , Oehlke Sofia M. , Zesch Heidi , Claes Laurence , Plener Paul L. , Kothgassner Oswald D. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant clinical concern among adolescents. Exposure to NSSI-related content on social media platforms has been suspected to potentially act as a trigger for NSSI.ObjectiveTo use free-viewing eye-tracking and dot-probe paradigms to examine attentional bias and psychophysiological responses to NSSI-related pictorial and textual stimuli in adolescents with and without a history of NSSI.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFrom June 2022 to April 2023, adolescent participants in Vienna, Austria with and without a history of NSSI were exposed to NSSI-related stimuli in this nonrandomized controlled trial. Data were analyzed from December 2023 to January 2024.ExposureExposure to NSSI-related stimuli.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDuring both tasks, subjective arousal, NSSI urges, and autonomic nervous system activity were assessed.ResultsA total of 50 adolescents in 2 groups, 25 who engaged in NSSI (mean [SD] age 15.86 [1.14] years; 19 female participants [76%]) and 25 who did not (mean [SD] age 16.40 [1.71] years; 19 female participants [76%]) were included. Adolescents with a history of NSSI—but not those without a history of NSSI—showed a clear attentional bias toward NSSI-related images during eye-tracking, as indicated by increased initial fixations (500 ms stimulus presentation mean difference, 28.64%; 95% CI, 18.31%-38.98%; P &amp;lt; .001; 1000 ms stimulus presentation mean difference, 18.50%; 95% CI, 9.05%-27.95%; P &amp;lt; .001) and longer fixation durations (500 ms mean difference, 29.51 ms; 95% CI, 4.3-54.72 ms; P &amp;lt; .001; 1000 ms mean difference, 39.83 ms; 95% CI, 6.90-72.76 ms; P &amp;lt; .001), regardless of stimulus duration. This bias was associated with a heightened urge to engage in NSSI (d = 1.22; 95% CI, 0.69-1.73; P &amp;lt; .001), a trend not seen in adolescents without a history of NSSI. Similarly, in the dot-probe task, only the NSSI group showed an attentional bias toward NSSI images but not toward trauma images, emphasizing the specificity of their attentional bias. Physiological measures revealed no significant differences, suggesting that viewing NSSI images is not associated with increased autonomic arousal. Textual NSSI content did not provoke an attentional bias or heighten NSSI urges in either group.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this nonrandomized controlled trial of 50 adolescents, results highlighted a specific attentional bias toward NSSI-related pictorial stimuli in adolescents with a history of NSSI, particularly a difficulty in disengaging from NSSI images. These findings contribute to understanding maladaptive information processing in NSSI and suggest implications for clinical management and cognitive models addressing NSSI triggers.Trial RegistrationGerman Clinical Trials Register identifier: DRKS00025905.
Intraoperative Pathology Consultation in Patients With p16-Positive Unknown Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Awad Daniel R. , Konanur Anisha , Ferris Robert L. , Kim Seungwon , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Chiosea Simion I. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceCurrent guidelines recommend intraoperative frozen section(s) during diagnostic surgery for squamous cell carcinoma for unknown primary tumors (SCCUP).ObjectiveTo determine the utility of intraoperative pathology consultation during transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in localizing primary tumors and influencing need for adjuvant therapy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective case series including 47 adult patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated SCCUP who underwent TORS/oropharyngectomy between January 2016 and February 2023 was carried out at a single tertiary care hospital. The analysis took place on May 13, 2024.ExposuresNodal stage, tonsillectomy history, extranodal extension (ENE).Main Outcomes and MeasuresIntraoperative pathology consultation and final pathology results were compared with surgical outcomes, including margin revision, need for second procedure and/or radiation with or without chemotherapy.ResultsThis study included 47 adult patients. Mean (range) age was 61 (41-79) years; patients were mostly men (37 [79%]). Overall, primary tumors were identified in 37 patients (79%), including all cases with positive nodes involving more than 1 neck level. Patients whose primary tumor was not found tended to have tobacco use history (8/10 vs 13/37 [35%]; difference, 45%; 95% CI, 16%-74%) and absence of ENE (8/10 vs 15/37 [41%]; difference, 39%; 95% CI, 10%-68%). Primary tumor was identified intraoperatively in 18 of 37 patients (49%). SCCs identified intraoperatively were significantly larger than SCCs found on permanent sections only: mean (SE), 1.2 (0.13) cm vs 0.5 (0.1) cm (difference, 0.7 cm; 95% CI, 0.53-1.94). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of intraoperative consultation was 49% (95% CI, 33%-64%), 100% (95% CI, 100%-100%), 100%, and 34% (95% CI, 19%-53%), respectively. Margins were revised in 11 of 18 patients (61%) whose primary tumor was identified intraoperatively (during original procedure) and in 3 of 19 patients (16%) whose primary tumor was identified on permanent pathologic findings only (during a second procedure) (11/18 [61%] vs 3/19 [16%]; difference, 45%; 95% CI, 17%-73%). However, there was no significant difference in the use of adjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy or need for a second procedure based on intraoperative primary tumor localization.Conclusion and RelevanceIn this case series study, the sensitivity and negative predictive value of intraoperative pathology consultation among 47 patients was less than 50%. Given the lack of influence on the need for radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy or second procedure, the practical utility of routine intraoperative frozen section requires further scrutiny.
High‐Performance Neutral‐Color Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics with Optical and Thermal Management
Authors: Yu Jiangsheng , Liu Xin , Zhou Jie , Li Gang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeutral‐color semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) offer potential opportunities to improve solar energy harvesting in integrated buildings. Here, high‐performance multifunctional neutral‐color ST‐OPVs are successfully fabricated by integrating a Ag/TeO2/Ag/TeO2‐based Fabry–Perot resonant optical coating (FPOC). Two coupled resonators of FPOCs are successfully fabricated to manipulate two adjacent transmission peaks in the visible region (380–780 nm) and high reflection from 1200 to 2500 nm, revealing its excellent color rendering index (CRI) tunability and thermal insulation. The 75 nm FPOC‐integrated ST‐OPV exhibits a CRI of 97.31, a high average visible transmittance of 43.15%, and a light utilization efficiency of 3.90% with superior thermal insulation properties, where the highest total and near‐infrared solar‐energy‐rejected dual functional efficiencies are 2.92% and 3.47%, respectively. The record CRI value of 99.23 is achieved for the 65 nm FPOC‐integrated ST‐OPVs. Attributed to the angular tolerance of FPOC, the neutral‐color ST‐OPVs exhibit good angular insensitivity up to ±60°. The results demonstrate the flexibility and multifunctionality of visible dual‐band‐pass Ag/TeO2/Ag/TeO2‐based FPOC for constructing neutral‐color, heat‐insulated, and angular‐insensitive ST‐OPVs, opening up a new avenue for the realization of smart power windows.
Exploring Single‐Phase Asymmetric Multiple‐Quantum‐Well Architectures in Chiral Hybrid Perovskites via Kinetically Controlled Self‐Assembly
Authors: Ye Huang , Bie Jie , Wang Yifei , Wang Peng , Guan Qianwen , Zhu Tingting , Li Lina , Chen Shuang , Liu Xitao , Luo Junhua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChiral hybrid perovskites (CHPs) with inherent chirality, dimensional tunability, and excellent semiconducting features are proved to be an ideal platform to study spin and helicity‐related physical phenomenon. However, due to their intrinsic thermodynamic unfavorability, there are many CHPs with exotic structures, such as superlattice‐type 2D heterostructures, which are covered by their transient lifespan caused by phase instability during the crystallization process. This limitation hinders the attempt to further explore and understand the chiral structure‐function relationship. Here, CHPs (R/SCPEA)2PbI4·(R/SCPEA)2FAPb2I7 (R/S1‐2, R/S‐CPEA = (R/S)‐1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)ethylammonium FA = formidinum) is obtained with asymmetric multiple‐quantum‐well architectures through kinetically‐controlled self‐assembly. Structural analysis identified the unique natural monolayer‐bilayer recurring heterostructures of 1–2 with sub‐nanometer accuracy and potentially non‐degenerate chiral environment. Such novel structures in 1–2 provide them fascinating multiple absorption‐emission features. Meanwhile, the chirality of 1–2 is confirmed by vibrational circular dichroism and angle‐dependent photocurrent measurement, provoking its potential in chiral optoelectronic devices. The work extends the understanding of CHP growth and will stimulate further exploration and synthesis of extraordinary chiral heterostructures, which may pave the way for the development of chiral optoelectronics and spintronics.
Synchronously Manipulating the D−A Interaction and Planarity in Semiconducting Polymers to Achieve 84.7% Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for NIR‐II Imaging‐Guided Tumor Therapy
Authors: Hu Xiankun , Jia Qian , Fang Qiyu , Song Chaoqi , Zhang Ruili , Liang Ying , Yang Zhanglei , Wu Jinting , Li Hongbo , Zhao Tingxing , Zhao Deping , Wang Zhongliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExploiting photothermal agents with second‐near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000−1700 nm) emission and a high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) is an appealing and challenging task. Herein, by simultaneously tailoring the D−A interaction and planarity in fluorophores, two donor‐acceptor (D−A) −type semiconducting polymers (SPs), T‐BTP and B‐BTP, are constructed. Compared with T‐BTP, B‐BTP shows increased intramolecular interactions and improved molecular planarity, leading to bathochromic‐shift absorption, NIR‐II emission, and high PCE. Notably, the B‐BTP NPs achieve a remarkable PCE of 84.7%, which is among the highest PCEs of SPs in NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT). Because of these promising features, B‐BTP NPs are successfully used in NIR‐II vascular imaging and cancer therapy. This study provides valuable guidelines for the development of high‐performance NIR‐II SPs.
In Situ Formation of Gel Electrolyte with Enhanced Diffusion Kinetics and Stability for Achieving Fast‐Charging Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Guo Leyi , Zhang Zibo , Wang Jian , Lin Hongzhen , Li Gaunwu , Ou Xing , Wang Dong , Zheng Weitao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn situ formation of gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) has been a promising candidate to address individual limitations of liquid/solid electrolytes and interfacial stability. However, the controllable conversion of liquid electrolyte (LE) precursor to GPE remains a great challenge with lower lithium‐ion transport, which is far from the demand for fast‐charging properties. Herein, a strategy of gradient polymerization of forming GPE is pioneered, stabilizing the electrolyte/electrode interface with an accelerated Li+ migration feature. As demonstrated by theoretical simulations and visualization experiment results, the formation mechanism of GPE via a partial inhibitory mechanism of Lithium nitrate (LiNO3) to control the solvent polymerization is comprehensively investigated, exhibiting the preferential interaction between nitrate anion (NO3−) and the Lewis acidic site in lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI). Consequently, a stable amorphous GPE with high Li+ conductivity (5.10 mS cm−1) and an inorganic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)‐dominate layer derived from spectroscopical measurements are achieved on the graphite electrode surface. The as‐prepared lithium iron phosphate (LFP)||graphite pouch cell stabilizes the capacity of 109.80 mAh g−1 (capacity retention: 80.02%) after 715 cycles at 5 C/1 C (charge/discharge), corresponding to the energy density of 277.64 Wh kg−1. This work provides a facile but practical approach to designing a highly stable GPE for fast‐charging lithium‐ion batteries.
Naphthalene Diimide‐Based Polycyclic Conjugated Molecule Composite CoFe2O4 Nanohybrids for Photoacoustic Imaging‐Mediated Photo‐/Sonic Therapy
Authors: Chen Gongning , Yang Fu , Wu Danping , Yang Jun , Hu Xiaojuan , Liu Longcai , Kang Yehui , Fan Weijiao , Mou Xiaozhou , Cai Yu , Hou Chunjie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe complex and harsh tumor microenvironment imped the efficacy of single‐modality tumor therapy. With the advantages of biosafety, organic/inorganic nanohybrids have attracted more and more interest of researchers, and it is critical to investigate the development of highly efficient nanohybrids for multimodality combination therapy of cancers. Herein, a naphthalene diimide‐based polycyclic conjugated molecule (NDI‐S) is designed and synthesized, which has broader light absorption in the near infrared (NIR) region, outstanding photothermal conversion ability, and excellent photostability. Inorganic CoFe2O4 is synthesized via a solvothermal technique, which can produce much more reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a sonosensitizer when activated by ultrasonic (US). NDI‐S and CoFe2O4 are then nanoprecipitated to create the organic/inorganic nanohybrids, NDI‐S@CoFe2O4. According to the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments, NDI‐S@CoFe2O4 can serve as a multifunctional nanoplatform for multimodal treatment of tumors in combination with photothermal/photodynamic/sonodynamic‐ therapy under the guidance of photoacoustic imaging, which provides a new vision of the development of organic/inorganic nanohybrids for cancer theranostics.
Innovative Substrate Design with Basement Membrane Components for Enhanced Endothelial Cell Function and Endothelization
Authors: Snyder Yuriy , Jana Soumen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnhancing endothelial cell growth on small‐diameter vascular grafts produced from decellularized tissues or synthetic substrates is pivotal for preventing thrombosis. While optimized decellularization protocols can preserve the structure and many components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the process can still lead to the loss of crucial basement membrane proteins, such as laminin, collagen IV, and perlecan, which are pivotal for endothelial cell adherence and functional growth. This loss can result in poor endothelialization and endothelial cell activation causing thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia. To address this, the basement membrane's ECM is emulated on fiber substrates, providing a more physiological environment for endothelial cells. Thus, fibroblasts are cultured on fiber substrates to produce an ECM membrane substrate (EMMS) with basement membrane proteins. The EMMS then underwent antigen removal (AR) treatment to eliminate antigens from the membrane while preserving essential proteins and producing an AR‐treated membrane substrate (AMS). Subsequently, human endothelial cells cultured on the AMS exhibited superior proliferation, nitric oxide production, and increased expression of endothelial markers of quiescence/homeostasis, along with autophagy and antithrombotic factors, compared to those on the decellularized aortic tissue. This strategy showed the potential of pre‐endowing fiber substrates with a basement membrane to enable better endothelization.
Edge‐Passivated Monolayer WSe2 Nanoribbon Transistors
Authors: Chen Sihan , Zhang Yue , King William P. , Bashir Rashid , van der Zande Arend M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ongoing reduction in transistor sizes drives advancements in information technology. However, as transistors shrink to the nanometer scale, surface and edge states begin to constrain their performance. 2D semiconductors like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have dangling‐bond‐free surfaces, hence achieving minimal surface states. Nonetheless, edge state disorder still limits the performance of width‐scaled 2D transistors. This work demonstrates a facile edge passivation method to enhance the electrical properties of monolayer WSe2 nanoribbons, by combining scanning transmission electron microscopy, optical spectroscopy, and field‐effect transistor (FET) transport measurements. Monolayer WSe2 nanoribbons are passivated with amorphous WOxSey at the edges, which is achieved using nanolithography and a controlled remote O2 plasma process. The same nanoribbons, with and without edge passivation are sequentially fabricated and measured. The passivated‐edge nanoribbon FETs exhibit 10 ± 6 times higher field‐effect mobility than the open‐edge nanoribbon FETs, which are characterized with dangling bonds at the edges. WOxSey edge passivation minimizes edge disorder and enhances the material quality of WSe2 nanoribbons. Owing to its simplicity and effectiveness, oxidation‐based edge passivation could become a turnkey manufacturing solution for TMD nanoribbons in beyond‐silicon electronics and optoelectronics.