bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovering interactions in polypharmacy: Impact of metamizole on the metabolism of quetiapine
Authors: Watermeyer Fabian , Gaebler Arnim Johannes , Neuner Irene , Haen Ekkehard , Hiemke Christoph , Schoretsanitis Georgios , Paulzen Michael 
Published: July 2024

Aims: Metamizole is quite an old drug with analgesic, antipyretic and spasmolytic properties. Recent findings have shown that it may induce several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, especially CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. The clinical relevance of these properties is uncertain. We aimed to unravel potential pharmacokinetic interactions between metamizole and the CYP3A4 substrate quetiapine.Methods: Plasma concentrations of quetiapine from a large therapeutic drug monitoring database were analysed. Two groups of 33 patients, either receiving quetiapine as a monotherapy (without CYP modulating comedications) or with concomitantly applied metamizole, were compared addressing a potential impact of metamizole on the metabolism of quetiapine being reflected in differences of plasma concentrations of quetiapine and dose‐adjusted plasma concentrations.Results: Patients comedicated with metamizole showed >50% lower plasma concentrations of quetiapine (median 45.2 ng/mL, Q1 = 15.5; Q3 = 90.5 vs. 92.0 ng/mL, Q1 = 52.3; Q3 = 203.8, P = .003). The dose‐adjusted plasma concentrations were 69% lower in the comedication group (P = .001). Subgroup analyses did not suggest a dose dependency of the metamizole effect or an influence of quetiapine formulation (immediate vs. extended release). Finally, the comedication group exhibited a significantly higher proportion of patients whose quetiapine concentrations were below the therapeutic reference range (78.8% in the metamizole group vs. 54.4% in the control group, P = .037) indicating therapeutically insufficient drug concentrations.Conclusion: The combination of metamizole and quetiapine leads to significantly lower drug concentrations of quetiapine, probably via an induction of CYP3A4. Clinicians must consider the risk of adverse drug reactions, especially treatment failure under quetiapine when adding metamizole.
Examining cognitive processes of spatial thinking in university students: Insights from a web‐based geographic information systems study
Authors: Xiang Xi , Xi Di 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpatial thinking is essential for nurturing spatially literate graduates in tertiary education. However, there is limited research on individual differences in cognitive processes and their impact on spatial problem solving in disciplinary contexts. This study aimed to investigate cognitive processes involved in spatial thinking in geography majors using a web‐based geographic information systems (GIS) mapping tool. The results revealed three clusters characterised by distinctive cognitive processes: spatial analytic, spatial diagrammatic and alternative. Each cluster adopted unique spatial strategies to solve problems with web‐based GIS. Notably, spatial analytic learners demonstrated the most optimal profile, resulting in high spatial task performance. These findings have implications for maximising students' learning potential in spatial thinking in the tertiary classroom, optimising performance outcomes in spatial problem solving and building intelligent tutoring systems for adaptive learning.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

There are individual differences in spatial reasoning.
The processes of spatial thinking may have an impact on learners' spatial performance outcomes.
What this paper adds

Three clusters characterised by distinctive processes of spatial thinking were identified: spatial analytic, spatial diagrammatic and alternative.
Each cluster adopted unique spatial strategies to solve problems with web‐based GIS.
Spatial analytic learners demonstrated the optimal profile, resulting in high‐level spatial performance, whereas alternative learners exhibited the maladaptive profile, which was associated with low task outcomes.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Web‐based GIS mapping tools make it possible to track the processes of spatial thinking that have remained largely unexplored.
Cluster analysis and lag sequential analysis reveal differences in spatial reasoning, aiding educators in maximising the potential for university students to learn spatial thinking and optimising performance outcomes in spatial problem solving.
Our findings could inform learning technology designers to build adaptive learning applications in which students receive automatic feedback and tailored support while completing spatial tasks at their own pace.
The motivations and reputational consequences of spreading conspiracy theories
Authors: Cao Shen , van Prooijen Jan‐Willem , van Vugt Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSome people deliberately spread conspiracy theories. What are the reputational benefits and costs of doing so? The Adaptive‐Conspiracism hypothesis proposes that it pays to be vigilant against possible conspiracies, especially in case of intergroup threat. Those who spread conspiracy theories may therefore be seen as valuable group members. Few studies have focused on the reputational impact of spreading a conspiracy theory. We conducted five studies (NPilot = 303; NStudy1 = 388; NStudy2 = 560; NStudy3 = 391; NStudy4 = 373) where participants rated a conspiracy spreader (vs. a neutral person) on a range of personality traits in different intergroup contexts. The results indicated that conspiracy spreaders were consistently perceived as more dominant and less warm than people making non‐conspiratorial claims about certain events. Moreover, intergroup conflict attenuated the negative effects of spreading conspiracy theories on competence and warmth. These findings support the notion that besides drawbacks, spreading conspiracy theories can have benefits for the spreader's reputation, particularly during an intergroup conflict.
Characterization and mapping of continental breakup and seafloor spreading initiation: The example of the northern rifted margin of the South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Cuimei , Manatschal Gianreto , Taylor Brian , Sun Zhen , Zhao Minghui , Zhang Jiazheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMapping ocean‐continent transitions (OCTs) separating equivocal continental and oceanic crusts is fundamental to investigate breakup processes and define the age and location of initial seafloor spreading. However, proposed limits of OCTs are rarely consistent, do not use uniform criteria, and result in conflicting interpretations as shown for the case of the northern South China Sea (SCS). We review original datasets including reflection and refraction seismic sections, drilling and potential field data with the aim to develop a ‘drilling‐constrained integrated geological‐geophysical’ approach to define the OCT along the northern SCS, understand the breakup process, and to compare the OCT in the SCS with those at Atlantic type rifted margins. The result shows a narrow, 5–15 km wide OCT. It separates a segmented margin that rifted a former arc in the west and a forearc in the east, both facing a Penrose oceanic crust that thins from the west towards the east. Seafloor spreading may have first nucleated at two centres during magnetic anomaly C11 in the NE and central subbasins, which then locally propagated both W and E to break through salients and produce full breakup at 29 Ma (anomaly C10r). Breakup at the SCS shows many differences to Atlantic type margins, in part due to inheritance but also due to rift/spreading‐related parameters such as strain/spreading rates.
Low‐dose, standard, and high‐resolution cone beam computed tomography for alveolar bone measurements related to implant planning: An ex vivo study in human specimens
Authors: Kaaber Laurits , Matzen Louise Hauge , Spin‐Neto Rubens , Schropp Lars 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the performance of low‐dose cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols with regard to linear bone measurements in the posterior mandible for implant planning compared with higher dose protocols.Materials and MethodsForty‐two edentulous posterior sites in human cadaveric mandibles were imaged in three CBCT scanners using three or four protocols with varying exposure parameters to achieve lower dose. Co‐registration was performed to generate sagittal and cross‐sectional image sections representative of the implant site. Three observers measured bone height, from the alveolar crest to the mandibular canal, and width, three mm from the top of the alveolar crest. Intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility were assessed for the cases rated as nonmeasurable as well as for completed measurements. The measurements were analyzed using paired t‐tests for differences among the CBCT protocols and the frequency distribution of nonmeasurable cases with a Pearson Chi‐square test.ResultsReproducibility for registering nonmeasurable cases varied among observers; however, no consistent significant differences were found in the frequency distribution of these cases among observers, units, and protocols. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were >0.9 for all measurements of bone height and width. Mean differences of <0.5 mm were found regardless of protocol; however, one observer did in some cases produce larger differences.ConclusionLinear bone measurements did not differ significantly and could be performed with excellent reliability, using low‐dose CBCT protocols compared with standard and high‐resolution ones. Varying approaches for rating nonmeasurable cases were found, indicating differences in diagnostic strategies related to implant planning among observers.
The association between bilirubin concentrations and inflammatory bowel disease: Insights from a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zoroddu Stefano , Di Lorenzo Biagio , Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Mangoni Arduino A. , Carru Ciriaco , Zinellu Angelo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), poses a significant challenge to health care systems because of its chronic nature and increasing global prevalence. Effective management of IBD requires accurate diagnostic tools and biomarkers. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between bilirubin concentrations and IBD activity and outcomes.MethodsA comprehensive search of electronic databases identified 11 studies that included 2606 subjects with IBD and 3607 healthy controls.ResultsBilirubin concentrations were significantly lower in subjects with IBD when compared to controls (SMD = −0.96, 95% CI −1.21 to −0.70; p < .001). Although substantial heterogeneity was observed, sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results. Publication bias was detected, but subgroup analyses did not significantly alter the results. Meta‐regression showed that age was a significant factor influencing the association between bilirubin concentrations and IBD. Subgroup analyses showed a more pronounced reduction in bilirubin concentrations in subjects with CD than those with UC.ConclusionThis study supports the potential utility of bilirubin as a biomarker in IBD, emphasizing the need for further research to validate its clinical significance.
Making a healthy choice: Tactical host selection behaviour of a parasitoid wasp
Authors: Sasidharan Aswathi , Ghosh Enakshi , Venkatesan Radhika 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Host selection behaviour plays a pivotal role in determining the success of parasitoids, especially in environments where host quality varies. In heterogeneous environments, parasitoids frequently encounter hosts that are infected.
We conducted experiments to ascertain whether the ecto‐parasitoid Bracon brevicornis can differentiate between healthy caterpillars and those infected with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and examined the implications of this host selection behaviour.
In an olfactometer choice assay, B. brevicornis avoided Bt‐infected Spodoptera litura hosts. In a no‐choice assay, the female parasitoid displayed a lower paralysis rate on infected hosts, indicating a strong selection behaviour. Furthermore, we explored the impact of infection duration by exposing female wasps to larvae infected for 24, 48 and 72 h with Bt. Both choice and no‐choice assays demonstrated that female B. brevicornis refrains from ovipositing on infected larvae, regardless of the infection duration.
Direct exposure to Bt through consumption did not affect the fitness of the tested parasitoid wasp. However, post‐24‐h Bt infection, host larvae showed an increased total hemocyte density, particularly high phagocytic cell numbers, and enhanced melanization, rendering the host larva unsuitable for parasitoid development.
Taken together, our study underscores that parasitoids exhibit robust host selection behaviour by actively avoiding infected hosts. This insight is valuable for devising new pest control strategies in agriculture that safeguard beneficial parasitoids.
Reproduction in the tropical invasive freshwater mussel Sinanodonta pacifica (Unionidae), at different elevations in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sahidin Asep , Muhammad Gunawan , Hasan Zahidah , Arief Mochamad Candra Wirawan , Herawati Heti , Komaru Akira 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Following the unintentional introduction of the freshwater mussel Sinanodonta pacifica into Indonesia, it dispersed rapidly. The life cycle and reproductive characteristics of this species throughout Indonesia are poorly known. This information is required to manage the species and mitigate against any negative effects that it might have on native ecosystems.

We firstly report on the reproductive biology of S. pacifica by combined temporal monitoring, histological investigation, and light and scanning electron microscopy, and relate mussel densities, and their reproductive and embryological stages, to environmental variables at five sites in West Java from 67 to 1,580 m above sea level.

Sinanodonta pacifica is protandrous and can spawn eggs and brood larvae throughout the year, with spawning peaks in the early rainy season from September to December. Mussels from midland sites brood 4.1–8.9‐fold more glochidia than those from lowland or highland sites; highland and lowland sites produce 3.1–4.3‐fold more hermaphrodites than midland sites. High levels of suspended solids and low chlorophyll‐a concentrations contribute to a higher proportion of hermaphrodites and a decrease in glochidia production. Low mussel densities and an unbalanced sex ratio also contribute to increased proportions of hermaphrodites, and reduced glochidia production.

These results improve our understanding of how S. pacifica recruits across elevations, and how population growth might threaten native species and natural ecosystems. Management involving periodic harvesting of mussels to control population size and promotion of economic benefits from pearl production is proposed.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated Nap knockout affects female reproduction and egg shape in Bombyx mori
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Zhang Liying , Zhang Ning , Li Kai , Mater Peter B. , He Lin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInsect reproductive capacity can affect effective pest control and infertility studies and has become an important focus in recent molecular genetic research. Nucleosome assembly protein (Nap) is highly conserved across multiple species and is involved in forming the sperm nucleus in many species. We used clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/Cas9 technology to knockout BmNap in Bombyx mori and observed that the mutations caused female infertility, whereas male fertility was not affected. BmNap mutants grew and mated normally; however, female mutants laid smaller eggs that could not be fertilised and did not hatch. In addition, female sterility produced by the mutation could be inherited stably via male mutants; therefore, Nap could be used as a potential target for lepidopteran pest control through population regulation. In the current study, we elucidated a new function of BmNap, increased the understanding of the oogenesis regulation network in Lepidoptera and promoted the development of insect sterility technologies.
Effective target genes for RNA interference‐based management of the cabbage stem flea beetle
Authors: Cedden Doga , Güney Gözde , Debaisieux Xavier , Scholten Stefan , Rostás Michael , Bucher Gregor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB, Psylliodes chrysocephala) is a key pest of oilseed rape. The ban on neonicotinoids in the European Union due to environmental concerns and the emergence of pyrethroid‐resistant populations have made the control of CSFB extremely challenging. In search of a solution, we have recently shown that RNA interference (RNAi) has potential in the management of CSFB. However, the previously tested target genes for RNAi‐mediated pest control (subsequently called target genes) exhibited moderate and slow‐acting lethal effects. In this study, 27 double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) were orally delivered to identify highly effective target genes in CSFB adults by leveraging the findings of a genome‐wide RNAi screen in Tribolium castaneum. Our screen using 500 ng of dsRNA identified 10 moderately effective (> 50% mortality) and 4 highly effective target genes (100% mortality in 8–13 days). The latter mainly included proteasome subunits. Gene expression measurements confirmed target gene silencing and dose–response studies revealed LD50 values as low as ~20 ng in 14 days following a single exposure to dsRNA. Four highly effective dsRNAs also inhibited leaf damage (up to ~75%) and one affected locomotion. The sequences of promising target genes were subjected to in silico target prediction in non‐target organisms, for example, beneficials such as honeybees, to design environmentally friendly dsRNAs. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for the development of dsRNA‐based insecticides against CSFB.
An evaluation of conceptual frameworks to improve reproductive health outcomes among women with physical disabilities
Authors: Harkins Sarah E. , Barcelona Veronica 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAim(s)To identify and evaluate conceptual frameworks intended to guide reproductive health research among women with physical disabilities.DesignDiscussion paper.MethodsWe identified and evaluated frameworks related to the reproductive health of women with physical disabilities using modified criteria by Fawcett and DeSanto‐Madeya with constructs from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health.Data SourcesWe conducted a systematic review of literature published from 2001 to 2024 in four databases.ResultsOur review revealed two frameworks: (1) A perinatal health framework for women with physical disabilities is applicable to studies that consider multiple socioecological determinants in pregnancy; (2) A conceptual framework of reproductive health in the context of physical disabilities can guide the development of patient‐reported outcome measures for a range of reproductive health outcomes.ConclusionThe identified frameworks have high potential to guide studies that can improve the reproductive health of women with physical disabilities. However, they have low social congruence among racially and ethnically minoritized women.Implications for NursingFuture frameworks must take an intersectional approach and consider the compounding injustices of ableism, racism, classism and ageism on reproductive health. A holistic approach that is inherent to the discipline of nursing is essential to address these knowledge gaps.ImpactThe reproductive health of women with disabilities is a research priority. Nurses and other researchers can select the framework most applicable to their research questions to guide study designs and should incorporate multi‐level determinants to eliminate reproductive health disparities.
Effectiveness of interventions for informal caregivers of community‐dwelling frail older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Wendie , Song Xin , Si Huaxin , Bian Yanhui , Liu Qinqin , Li Yanyan , Yu Jiaqi , Wang Cuili 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimSystematic reviews on interventions for informal caregivers of community‐dwelling frail older adults were published over a decade ago and they mistook frailty for other severe age‐related conditions like disability and dementia. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically synthesize these interventions supporting these caregivers identified by an acknowledged frailty assessment instrument and to examine their effectiveness on caregiver‐related outcomes.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesFourteen electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) from inception to November 3, 2023.MethodsMethodology quality and risk of bias were assessed. Data were meta‐analysed using the Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis, version 3.0. Studies and outcomes unsuitable for meta‐analysis were summarized by narrative syntheses.ResultsFour studies consisting of three RCTs and one NRCT were included involving 350 participants. Interventions for caregivers of frail older adults included multicomponent interventions (n = 3) and education intervention (n = 1). Interventions had a moderate effect on reducing depression and showed nonsignificant effects on caregiver burden, caregiving time or quality of life (QoL). The PEDro scores for RCTs ranged from 6 to 8, indicating good methodologic quality, but were all judged as high risk of bias. The NRCT reported all methodologic aspects and was at low risk of bias.ConclusionsFew studies focus on interventions targeting caregivers of frail older adults, and their effectiveness may vary by outcomes. This review suggested the potential benefits of these interventions in reducing caregivers' depression.ImpactThe differential effectiveness by outcomes and high risk of bias of studies implicate that more rigorous studies are warranted.
Coarctation of the aorta complicated with bilateral iliac artery dissection: A rare case
Authors: He Wenye , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Luyao , Qin Hongsong , Zhang Dawei , Hao Qingzhi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe coarctation of the aorta (CoA) combined with heart defects or cerebral artery aneurysms is more prevalent in clinical practice. However, cases of concurrent bilateral iliac artery dissection (IAD) are extremely rare and have not been reported. Here, we described a case with CoA combined with bilateral IAD. The patient, a 62‐year‐old male, presented with acute intermittent claudication accompanied by pain and aching in both lower limbs after walking. Following a thorough medical history inquiry and examination, the patient was diagnosed with acute bilateral IAD combined with CoA. The patient underwent endovascular treatment. Postoperatively, the aortic diameter recovered, and the bilateral IAD disappeared, yielding satisfactory therapeutic results. Conclusively, endovascular treatment of aortic coarctation combined with IAD is an effective therapeutic approach, enhancing patient survival and improving their quality of life.