bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commissioning of MRI-guided gynaecological brachytherapy using an MR-linac
Authors: Rojas-López José Alejandro , Cabrera-Santiago Alexis , Adragna Celeste , Ibarra-Ortega Brenda Elisabeth , López-Luna José Eleazar , Contreras-Rodríguez Jonathan Agustín , Martínez-Ortiz Efraín 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose. To evaluate the feasibility of use of an 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR)-linear accelerator MR-linac for imaging in gynaecologic high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy. Method. Commissioning measurements for MR images quality control, geometric distortion, dwell position accuracy, applicator reconstruction and end-to-end test for a tandem-and-ring applicator were performed following the recommendations of American Brachytherapy Society, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements and Report of the Brachytherapy Working Group of the Spanish Society of Medical Physics. The values for MR-based IGABT were compared to the corresponding values with computed tomography (CT). Results. Measured distorsions for the MR images were less than 0.50 mm compared to the CT images. The differences between 3D displacements for all dwell positions were 0.66 mm and 0.62 mm for the tandem and ring, respectively. The maximum difference is 0.64 mm for the distances from the applicator tip obtained using the films. The CT and MR dose differences for the right and left ‘A’ points were 0.9% and −0.7%, respectively. Similar results were observed in terms of dose distribution for CT and Mr The gamma passing rate was 99.3% and 99.5%, respectively. Conclusion. The use of MR images from an MR-linac used in a radiotherapy service for gynaecological brachytherapy was proved to be feasible, safe and precise as the geometrical differences were less than 1 mm, and the dosimetric differences were less than 1% when comparing to the use of CT images for the same purpose.
On Ruzsa’s discrete Brunn-Minkowski conjecture
Authors: van Hintum Peter , Keevash Peter , Tiba Marius 
Published: August 2024

We prove a conjecture by Ruzsa from 2006 on a discrete version of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality, stating that for any

A
,
B
⊂

Z

k

A,B\subset \mathbb {Z}^k

and

ϵ
>
0

\epsilon >0

with

B
B

not contained in

n

k
,
ϵ

n_{k,\epsilon }

parallel hyperplanes we have

|

A
+
B

|

1

/

k

≥

|

A

|

1

/

k

+

(
1
−
ϵ
)

|

B

|

1

/

k

|A+B|^{1/k}\geq |A|^{1/k}+\left (1-\epsilon \right )|B|^{1/k}

.
Bounded, compact and Schatten class Hankel operators on Fock-type spaces
Authors: Zeng Zhicheng , Hu Zhangjian , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we consider Hankel operators, with locally integrable symbols, densely defined on a family of Fock-type spaces whose weights are

C
3

C^3

-logarithmic growth functions with mild smoothness conditions. It is shown that a Hankel operator is bounded on such a Fock space if and only if its symbol function has bounded distance to analytic functions BDA which is initiated by Luecking [J. Funct. Anal. 110 (1992), pp. 247–271]. We also characterize the compactness and Schatten class membership of Hankel operators. Besides, we give characterizations of the Schatten class membership of Toeplitz operators with positive measure symbols for the small exponent

0
>
p
>
1

0>p>1

. Our proofs depend strongly on the technique of Hömander’s

L
2

L^2

estimates for the

∂
¯

\overline {\partial }

operator and the decomposition theory of BDA spaces as well as integral estimates involving the reproducing kernel.
Fame at Any Cost—Sandy Hook
Authors: Rahman Tahir , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Adam Lanza was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at a young age. He had sensory issues, language delays, anxiety, and repetitive behaviors. Lanza developed an internet cognitive isoform—a process by which the brain uses cognitive shortcuts to make inferences about the world—which often turn out to be incorrect. The brain takes ambiguous or complex information and interprets it in the simplest possible terms. He held extreme overvalued beliefs in which he relished prior shooters, including Jared Loughner, James Holmes, Eric Harris, and Dylan Klebold. Misanthropic sentiments have also been espoused by Elliot Rodger, as well as Ted Kaczynski (the Unabomber). This scorn for others formed the basis of their extreme overvalued beliefs. Lanza’s thinking became more refined over time, his warped moral stance increasingly binary, simplistic, and absolute, culminating in a plan to murder children at Sandy Hook Elementary School.
Revisiting Histories, Rethinking Spaces
Authors: Berruezo-Sánchez Diana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter revisits the many misconceptions about the African diaspora in Spain, including the common idea that the black African diaspora is a recent phenomenon in Spain. Using space as a means to frame the lives and social relationships of black Africans living in early modern Spanish cities, the chapter offers new readings of the everyday lives of black Africans by exposing how they organised confraternities and formed communities that developed distinctive identities and priorities. Focusing on the black confraternity in Seville and its campaign to parade in major religious festivals, it explores the ways that black communities resisted attempts by white confraternities to confine and restrict them, turning spatial litigation into racial litigation. This chapter shows that black men and women took pride in their communities, their Christianity, and their blackness, and demonstrates their agency in navigating the racial, religious, economic, and cultural landscapes of early modern Spanish cities.
NanoMGT: Marker gene typing of low complexity mono-species metagenomic samples using noisy long reads
Authors: Hallgren Malte B , Clausen Philip T L C , Aarestrup Frank M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Rapid advancements in sequencing technologies have led to significant progress in microbial genomics, yet challenges persist in accurately identifying microbial strain diversity in metagenomic samples, especially when working with noisy long-read data from platforms like Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). In this article, we introduce NanoMGT, a tool designed to enhance marker gene typing in low-complexity mono-species samples, leveraging the unique properties of long reads. NanoMGT excels in its ability to accurately identify mutations amidst high error rates, ensuring the reliable detection of multiple strain-specific marker genes. Our tool implements a novel scoring system that rewards mutations co-occurring across different reads and penalizes densely grouped, likely erroneous variants, thereby achieving a good balance between sensitivity and precision. A comparative evaluation of NanoMGT, using a simulated multi-strain sample of seven bacterial species, demonstrated superior performance relative to existing tools and the advantages of using a threshold-based filtering approach to calling minority variants in ONT’s sequencing data. NanoMGT’s potential as a post-binning tool in metagenomic pipelines is particularly notable, enabling researchers to more accurately determine specific alleles and understand strain diversity in microbial communities. Our findings have significant implications for clinical diagnostics, environmental microbiology, and the broader field of genomics. The findings offer a reliable and efficient approach to marker gene typing in complex metagenomic samples.
Therapeutic potential of Garcinia kola against experimental toxoplasmosis in rats
Authors: Ahidjo Nene , Maidawa Yaya Frederic , Njamnshi Wepnyu Y , Rissia-Ngo Pambe Judith C , Ndianteng Ethel W , Nwasike Caroline N C , Kemmo Christelle , Choupo Arnaud C , Meka’a Zang Luc Yvan , Pieme Anatole C , Vecchio Lorella , Ngadjui Bonaventure T , Njamnshi Alfred K , Seke Etet Paul F 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cerebral toxoplasmosis, the most common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, is increasingly reported in immunocompetent individuals due to mutant strains of Toxoplasma gondii, which, furthermore, are reported to be resistant to available treatments. We assessed the therapeutic potential of Garcinia kola, a medicinal plant reported to have antiplasmodial and neuroprotective properties, against experimental toxoplasmosis in rats. Severe toxoplasmosis was induced in male Wistar rats (156.7 ± 4.1 g) by injecting them with 10 million tachyzoites in suspension in 500 µl of saline (intraperitoneal), and exclusive feeding with a low-protein diet [7% protein (weight by weight)]. Then, animals were treated with hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions of Garcinia kola. Footprints were analysed and open-field and elevated plus maze ethological tests were performed when symptoms of severe disease were observed in the infected controls. After sacrifice, blood samples were processed for Giemsa staining, organs were processed for haematoxylin and eosin staining, and brains were processed for Nissl staining and cell counting. Compared with non-infected animals, the infected control animals had significantly lower body weights (30.27%↓, P = 0.001), higher body temperatures (P = 0.033) during the sacrifice, together with signs of cognitive impairment and neurologic deficits such as lower open-field arena centre entries (P &lt; 0.001), elevated plus maze open-arm time (P = 0.029) and decreased stride lengths and step widths (P &lt; 0.001), as well as neuronal loss in various brain areas. The ethyl acetate fraction of Garcinia kola prevented or mitigated most of these signs. Our data suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction of Garcinia kola has therapeutic potential against cerebral toxoplasmosis.
Integrative approach of omics and imaging data to discover new insights for understanding brain diseases
Authors: Yoon Jong Hyuk , Lee Hagyeong , Kwon Dayoung , Lee Dongha , Lee Seulah , Cho Eunji , Kim Jaehoon , Kim Dayea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Treatments that can completely resolve brain diseases have yet to be discovered. Omics is a novel technology that allows researchers to understand the molecular pathways underlying brain diseases. Multiple omics, including genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, and brain imaging technologies, such as MRI, PET and EEG, have contributed to brain disease-related therapeutic target detection. However, new treatment discovery remains challenging. We focused on establishing brain multi-molecular maps using an integrative approach of omics and imaging to provide insights into brain disease diagnosis and treatment. This approach requires precise data collection using omics and imaging technologies, data processing and normalization. Incorporating a brain molecular map with the advanced technologies through artificial intelligence will help establish a system for brain disease diagnosis and treatment through regulation at the molecular level.
Information flow and catalytic dyad in SARS-CoV2 main protease Mpro enzyme using embedded discrete Markov chains and centrality measures
Authors: Olivares-Quiroz Luis Agustín 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, we use a network representation of the globular crystalline structure of a given protein as a graph structure with N nodes and E edges in order to analyze quantitatively the flow information and to identify key sites within the globular structure. Each node nj represents a $ C_{\alpha}^{i}$ carbon of the main backbone whereas the node’s degree ki is a measure of its physical interactions. In order to identify biologically relevant and active nodes, we compute local per residue closeness $ C_{c}(i)$, betweenness $ C_{b}(i)$ and eigenvector centralities $ C_{e}(i)$. Further analysis is done by embedding a stochastic dynamic discrete Markov chain in order to evaluate the dynamics of a set of normal random walkers (NRW’s) within the network. From this, we compute the mean first passage time matrix M and the stationary occupation probability vector ψi for each node. These two measures provide very useful information on the dynamical process embed within the $ C_{\alpha}$ network. We apply this to SARS-CoV2 Mpro main protease which is a key enzyme in the virus replication cycle. In particular, we focus our attention to the properties of the catalytic dyad integrated by His41-Cys145 in Mpro main protease since this active site has been under intense scrutiny as a pharmaceutical target. In addition, our results show the existence of additional relevant aminoacids that might play a fundamental role on signal propagation and allosteric pathways in SARS-CoV main proteases.
Automated detection of maxillary sinus opacifications compatible with sinusitis from CT images
Authors: Kwon Kyung Won , Kim Jihun , Kang Dongwoo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Sinusitis is a commonly encountered clinical condition that imposes a considerable burden on the healthcare systems. A significant number of maxillary sinus opacifications are diagnosed as sinusitis, often overlooking the precise differentiation between cystic formations and inflammatory sinusitis, resulting in inappropriate clinical treatment. This study aims to improve diagnostic accuracy by investigating the feasibility of differentiating maxillary sinusitis, retention cysts, and normal sinuses.

Methods
We developed a deep learning-based automatic detection model to diagnose maxillary sinusitis using ostiomeatal unit CT images. Of the 1080 randomly selected coronal-view CT images, including 2158 maxillary sinuses, datasets of maxillary sinus lesions comprised 1138 normal sinuses, 366 cysts, and 654 sinusitis based on radiographic findings, and were divided into training (n = 648 CT images), validation (n = 216), and test (n = 216) sets. We utilized a You Only Look Once based model for object detection, enhanced by the transfer learning method. To address the insufficiency of training data, various data augmentation techniques were adopted, thereby improving the model’s robustness.

Results
The trained You Only Look Once version 8 nano model achieved an overall precision of 97.1%, with the following class precisions on the test set: normal = 96.9%, cyst = 95.2%, and sinusitis = 99.2%. With an average F1-score of 95.4%, the F1-score was the highest for normal, then sinusitis, and finally, cysts. Upon evaluating a performance on difficulty level, the precision decreased to 92.4% on challenging test dataset.

Conclusions
The developed model is feasible for assisting clinicians in screening maxillary sinusitis lesions.
Pericoronary adipose tissue for predicting long-term outcomes
Authors: van Rosendael Sophie E , Kamperidis Vasileios , Maaniitty Teemu , de Graaf Michiel A , Saraste Antti , McKay-Goodall George E , Jukema J Wouter , Knuuti Juhani , Bax Jeroen J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation obtained by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has been associated with coronary inflammation and outcomes. Whether PCAT attenuation is predictive of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during long-term follow-up is unknown.

Methods and results
Symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent CCTA were included, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. PCAT was measured at all lesions for all three major coronary arteries using semi-automated software. A comparison between patients with and without MACE was made on both a per-lesion and a per-patient level. The predictive value of PCAT attenuation for MACE was assessed in Cox regression models. In 483 patients (63.3 ± 8.5 years, 54.9% men), 1561 lesions were analysed over a median follow-up duration of 9.5 years. The mean PCAT attenuation was not significantly different between patients with and without MACE. At a per-patient level, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for MACE were 0.970 (95% CI: 0.933–1.008, P = 0.121) when the average of all lesions per patient was analysed, 0.992 (95% CI: 0.961–1.024, P = 0.622) when only the most obstructive lesion was evaluated, and 0.981 (95% CI: 0.946–1.016, P = 0.285) when only the lesion with the highest PCAT attenuation per individual was evaluated. Adjusted HRs for vessel-specific PCAT attenuation in the right coronary artery, left anterior descending artery, and left circumflex artery were 0.957 (95% CI: 0.830–1.104, P = 0.548), 0.989 (95% CI: 0.954–1.025, P = 0.550), and 0.739 (95% CI: 0.293–1.865, P = 0.522), respectively, in predicting long-term MACE.

Conclusion
In patients referred to CCTA for clinically suspected CAD, PCAT attenuation did not predict MACE during long-term follow-up.
Risk-adjusted discrete increases in length of stay by complication following anatomic lung resection: an analysis of 32 133 cases across the USA
Authors: Stuart Christina M , Bronsert Michael R , Dyas Adam R , Mott Nicole M , Healy Garrett L , Anioke Tochi , Henderson William G , Randhawa Simran K , David Elizabeth A , Mitchell John D , Meguid Robert A 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOBJECTIVESPrior studies have associated morbidity following anatomic lung resection with prolonged postoperative length of stay; however, each complication’s individual impact on length of stay as a continuous variable has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk-adjusted increase in length of stay associated with each individual postoperative complications following anatomic lung resection.METHODSPatients who underwent anatomic lung resection cataloged in the prospectively collected American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program participant use file, 2005–2018, were targeted. The association between preoperative characteristics, postoperative complications and length of stay in days was tested. A negative binomial model adjusting for the effect of preoperative characteristics and 18 concurrent postoperative complications was used to generate incidence rate ratios. This model was fit to generate risk-adjusted increases in length of stay by complication.RESULTSOf 32 133 patients, 5065 patients (15.8%) experienced at least one post-operative complication. The most frequent complications were pneumonia (n = 1829, 5.7%), the need for transfusion (n = 1794, 5.6%) and unplanned reintubation (n = 1064, 3.3%). The occurrence of each of the 18 individual complications was associated with significantly increased length of stay. This finding persisted after risk-adjustment, with the greatest risk-adjusted increases being associated with prolonged ventilation (+17.4 days), followed by septic shock (+17.2 days), acute renal failure (+16.5 days) and deep surgical site infection (+13.2 days).CONCLUSIONSAll 18 postoperative complications studied following anatomic lung resection were associated with significant risk-adjusted increases in length of stay, ranging from an increase of 17.4 days with prolonged ventilation to 2.6 days following the need for transfusion.
Advancements in nutritional composition of milk and species identification
Authors: Yu Mingxue , Li Baiyi , Hong Tiannuo , Li Ziqi , Ru Xin , Bian Wenbo , Zhu Wenqi , Chen Lu , Han Juan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Milk product market is currently experiencing profound diversification, marked by an increasing presence of specialty milk and dairy products alongside traditional cow milk. These specialty varieties include yak, sheep, buffalo, and goat milk. Given their limited availability, these specialty milks often command higher prices than cow milk, rendering them susceptible to adulteration through substitution with the latter. Such fraudulent practices result in significant economic damage and pose risks to public health. Consequently, numerous identification methods have been devised to trace the origin of dairy products. Although the prevailing methods predominantly focus on analyzing the nutrient composition of these products, this review aims to explore more cost-effective, sensitive, accurate, and efficient techniques. This endeavor begins with a comprehensive analysis of the common nutrients found in different dairy sources available on the market. Subsequently, this study elucidates various techniques employed for adulterating milk sources, with a specific emphasis on targeting these nutrients. Furthermore, a systematic comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse detection methods. This review provides a theoretical framework essential for the subsequent development of detection technologies for milk source identification.
Estimating the Impact of Tuberculosis Pathways on Transmission—What Is the Gap Left by Passive Case Finding?
Authors: Horton Katherine C , McCaffrey Ty , Richards Alexandra S , Schwalb Alvaro , Houben Rein M G J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Current passive case-finding policies have not resulted in the expected decline in tuberculosis incidence. Recognition of the variety of disease pathways experienced by individuals with tuberculosis highlights how many are not served by the current prevention and care system and how much transmission is missed.
The Emergent Invasive Serotype 4 ST10172 Strain Acquires vanG-Type Vancomycin-Resistance Element: A Case of a 66-Year-Old With Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Authors: Chochua Sopio , Beall Bernard , Lin Wuling , Tran Theresa , Rivers Joy , Li Zhongya , Arvay Melissa L , Kobayashi Miwako , Houston Jessica , Arias Sabra , McGee Lesley 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We report a single case of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) by serotype 4, multilocus sequence type 10172 (ST10172) isolate with vanG-type resistance genes and reduced vancomycin susceptibility. The isolate was recovered during 2022 from a 66-year-old resident with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia within a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) site hospital. The patient had received 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and there was no evidence of concurrent or prior receipt of vancomycin in the previous year. Serotype 4/ST10172 IPD has shown increases within western ABCs sites, and the recent acquisition of a vanG element warrants close monitoring of this lineage.
Predicting antibiotic susceptibility in urinary tract infection with artificial intelligence—model performance in a multi-centre cohort
Authors: Lee Alfred Lok Hang , To Curtis Chun Kit , Chan Ronald Cheong Kin , Wong Janus Siu Him , Lui Grace Chung Yan , Cheung Ingrid Yu Ying , Chow Viola Chi Ying , Lai Christopher Koon Chi , Ip Margaret , Lai Raymond Wai Man 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
To develop an artificial intelligence model to predict an antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI).

Materials and methods
26 087 adult patients with culture-proven UTI during 2015–2020 from a university teaching hospital and three community hospitals in Hong Kong were included. Cases with asymptomatic bacteriuria (absence of diagnosis code of UTI, or absence of leucocytes in urine microscopy) were excluded. Patients from 2015 to 2019 were included in the training set, while patients from the year 2020 were included as the test set.
Three first-line antibiotics were chosen for prediction of susceptibility in the bacterial isolates causing UTI: namely nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanate. Baseline epidemiological factors, previous antimicrobial consumption, medical history and previous culture results were included as features. Logistic regression and random forest were applied to the dataset. Models were evaluated by F1-score and area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC).

Results
Random forest was the best algorithm in predicting susceptibility of the three antibiotics (nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin). The AUC-ROC values were 0.941, 0.939 and 0.937, respectively. The F1 scores were 0.938, 0.928 and 0.906 respectively.

Conclusions
Random forest model may aid judicious empirical antibiotics use in UTI. Given the reasonable performance and accuracy, these accurate models may aid clinicians in choosing between different first-line antibiotics for UTI.