bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density of tertiary lymphoid structures and their correlation with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xin Shuyue , Wen Shuang , He Peipei , Zhao Yulong , Zhao Hui 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundTertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), ordered structure of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), play an important role in the development and anti-tumor immunity of various cancers, including liver, colon, and gastric cancers. Previous studies have demonstrated that the presence of TLS in intra-tumoral (IT), invasive margin (IM), and peri-tumoral (PT) regions of the tumors at various maturity statuses. However, the density of TLS in different regions of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been extensively studied.MethodsTLS and tumor-infiltrating immune cells were assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in 82 NSCLC patients. Tumor samples were divided into three subregions as IT, IM and PT regions, and TLS were identified as early/primary TLS (E-TLS) or secondary/follicular TLS (F-TLS). The distribution of TLS in different maturity statuses, along with their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic value, was assessed. Nomograms were used to predict the probability of 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) in patients with NSCLC.ResultsThe density of TLS and proportion of F-TLS in the IT region (90.2%, 0.45/mm2, and 61.0%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the IM region (72.0%, 0.18/mm2, and 39.0%, respectively) and PT region (67.1%, 0.16/mm2, and 40.2%, respectively). A lower density of TLS, especially E-TLS in the IM region, was correlated with better prognosis in NSCLC patients. CD20+ B cells, CD3+ T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and CD68+ macrophages were significantly overexpressed in the IM region. CD20+ B cells and CD3+ T cells in the IM region were significantly correlated with the density of E-TLS, while no statistically significant correlation was found with F-TLS. The E-TLS density in the IM region and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors for NSCLC patients. The nomogram showed good prognostic ability.ConclusionsA higher density of E-TLS in the IM region was associated with a worse prognosis in NSCLC patients, potentially due to the inhibition of TLS maturation caused by the increased density of suppressive immune cells at the tumor invasion front.
Application of hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhou Qiang , Yang Yue , Chen Erhua 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundCancer immunotherapy has made significant progress in recent years, with numerous studies worldwide. Immunotherapy has had a transformative impact on oncology and autoimmune diseases. In the biomedical arena, hydrogels with good properties are widely used in cancer immunotherapy. Our study used bibliometrics to analyze the changing trends in using hydrogels for cancer immunotherapy.MethodsFrom 2013 to 2023, a systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database to identify reviews and articles discussing the applications of hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy. The software CiteSpace was used to visually perform the bibliometric analysis in terms of research trends, countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords. Individual authors’ productivity was assessed with the Lotka’s law. The most relevant publication sources were identified by Bradford’s law.ResultsA total of 422 English-language publications related to hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy were collected. The number of annual publications increased rapidly after 2021 and remained constant for the past two years. China published the most articles in this field. The institution with the maximum number of published articles was the Chinese Academy of Sciences in China. Chen. Q was the most prolific author, and Liu. Z was the second most published author. In terms of journal contributions, the journal “Biomaterials” had the highest number of publications (n = 30). Biomaterials, Advanced Functional Materials and Journal of Controlled Release were the most influential journals. Keyword analysis revealed that cancer immunotherapy, drug delivery, immunogenic cell death, tumor microenvironment, injectable hydrogels, and immune checkpoint blockade were the primary research hotspots. In recent 3 years, adoptive T-cell therapy, black phosphorus, cell capture, adaptive cell therapy, tumor microenvironment, photodynamic therapy, and sustained release were the research hotspots in this field. Our study summarizes the objective of hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy in recent years, providing a reference for potential researchers in related field.ConclusionThis bibliometric analysis shows the progress and trend of research on hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy. This study provides a significant avenue for future investigation into current concerns and trends in research within this field.
The effect of second language acquisition on central auditory processing abilities and its interaction with HIV
Authors: Kambhampaty Abby , Niemczak Christopher E. , Leigh Samantha M. , Lichtenstein Jonathan , Adhikari Monika , Fellows Abigail M. , Magohe Albert , Gui Jiang , Zhang Linda , Massawe Enica R. , Buckey Jay C. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionSecond language learning is a multifaceted task that benefits across numerous neurocognitive domains including central auditory processing. Existing cross-sectional and longitudinal data show that performance on tests of central auditory processing [central auditory tests (CATs)] worsens with HIV infection. Second language learning may modify this relationship. To explore the relationship between second language learning, central auditory processing, and its interaction with HIV, we assessed the effect of learning English as a second language on CATs among children both living with and without HIV (CLWH/CLWOH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.MethodsThree hundred and seventy-two native Kiswahili speaking children aged 3-10 years old (196 CLWOH, 176 CLWH) were enrolled. Participants completed questionnaires about English language learning, socioeconomic status (SES), and health history. Three central auditory tests-the Triple Digit Test (TDT), the Staggered Spondaic Word Test (SSW), and the Hearing-In-Noise Test (HINT)-were used to assess each participant's central auditory processing abilities. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the effect of written and spoken English language learning at home and in school on CATs with age, HIV-status, and SES included in each model.ResultsHIV status, age, and SES were all significant predictors of all three central auditory tests, with CLWH performing significantly worse on all three CATs than CLWOH. Children actively learning spoken and written English at home had significantly better central auditory processing abilities on the TDT compared to children not actively learning English at home (p &lt; 0.01) independent of HIV status, age, and SES. Children learning spoken and written English at school performed significantly better on the HINT (p &lt; 0.05) than those not actively learning English at school.DiscussionLearning English at home and learning English in school were associated with improved central auditory performance independent of HIV status, SES, and age. These findings also underscore the significance of second language acquisition as a potential mechanism of improving central auditory function within a Kiswahili-speaking cohort. This study found differences in central auditory processing between children exposed to English at home and in school, suggesting differences in language learning in both settings mediated by SES, and this benefit exists regardless of HIV status.
Breathomics for diagnosing tuberculosis in diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Xu Rong , Zhang Ying , Li Zhaodong , He Mingjie , Lu Hailin , Liu Guizhen , Yang Min , Fu Liang , Chen Xinchun , Deng Guofang , Wang Wenfei 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIndividuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at an increased risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and progressing from latent tuberculosis (TB) infection to active tuberculosis disease. TB in the DM population is more likely to go undiagnosed due to smear-negative results.MethodsExhaled breath samples were collected and analyzed using high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. An eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was utilized for breathomics analysis and TB detection.ResultsXGBoost model achieved a sensitivity of 88.5%, specificity of 100%, accuracy of 90.2%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 98.8%. The most significant feature across the entire set was m106, which demonstrated a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 100%, and an AUC of 99.7%.DiscussionThe breathomics-based TB detection method utilizing m106 exhibited high sensitivity and specificity potentially beneficial for clinical TB screening and diagnosis in individuals with diabetes.
Effect of hypoglycemic events on cognitive function in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Min , Yang Qiqi , Zhang Lele , Song Hudie , Fu Qin , Qian Jun , Xie Hongyu , Yuan Aihong 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is widely acknowledged as a vital warning sign contributing to cognitive dysfunction. However, there is still a lack of consensus on whether hypoglycemic events resulting from poor glycemic control increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction in people with diabetes, and the potential dose–response correlation between hypoglycemic events and cognitive dysfunction remains unexplored. The primary objective of the current study was to assess the contribution of hypoglycemic events to cognitive dysfunction in T2DM patients and the dose–response correlation between the two.MethodsA comprehensive search of nine major databases was executed from inception to May 2023. We screened all observational studies examining the connection between hypoglycemia and cognitive dysfunction. The DerSimonian-Laird method was used to compute the combined risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Additionally, dose–response analysis was employed to investigate the correlation between the frequency of hypoglycemia and the likelihood of cognitive dysfunction.ResultsA total of 30 studies of different levels in 17 articles with 3,961,352 participants were included in this review. The pooled RR for the connection of hypoglycemia and the likelihood of cognitive dysfunction was 1.47 (95% CI: 1.35–1.60). Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled RR for the likelihood of cognitive dysfunction was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.11–1.31) for one episode of hypoglycemia, 1.41 (95% CI: 1.05–1.88) for two episodes of hypoglycemia, and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.20–2.91) for three or more episodes of hypoglycemia. Dose–response analysis showed a linear dose–response relationship between hypoglycemia and the likelihood of cognitive dysfunction (exp (b) = 1.178694, z = 7.12, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionOur investigations demonstrated a 47% heightened likelihood of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with hypoglycemia compared to those without. Furthermore, the likelihood of cognitive dysfunction climbed by 17.87% for every subsequent episode of hypoglycemia. Therefore, long-term monitoring of blood glucose, periodic screening of cognitive function, and moderate health education should be encouraged, which will be beneficial for people with diabetes to prevent hypoglycemic events and cognitive dysfunction.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42023432352.
Global, regional, and national time trends in the burden of epilepsy, 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysis for the global burden of disease 2019 study
Authors: Shan Tao , Zhu Yahui , Fan Haozhi , Liu Zeye , Xie Jing , Li Mao , Jing Shenqi 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundEpilepsy is a non-communicable chronic brain disease that affects all age groups. There are approximately 50 million epilepsy patients worldwide, which is one of the most common neurological disorder. This study reports the time trends in the burden of epilepsy from 1999 to 2019.MethodsWe evaluated the disease burden and its temporal trends of epilepsy using the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs), which was estimated based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to estimate the temporal trends of the epilepsy prevalence and YLDs rates, and to analyze the relative risks of age, periods and queues (age/period/queue effects).ResultsIn the past 30 years, the global age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized rate has increased by 29.61% and 27.02%, respectively. Globally, the APC model estimated the net drift of prevalence and YLDs were 0.88% (95% CI: 0.83–0.93) and 0.80% (95% CI: 0.75–0.85) per year. Among 204 countries and territories, the YLDs in 146 and prevalence 164 showed an increasing trend. And the risk of YLDs and prevalence increases with age, with the lowest risk among 0–4 years old and the highest risk among 75–79 years old. Unfavorable increasing period and cohort risks of YLDs and prevalence were observed.ConclusionOver the past 30 years, the YLDs and prevalence of epilepsy have gradually increased globally and unfavorable increasing period and cohort risks were observed. Emphasizing epilepsy prevention, strengthening epilepsy health education, optimizing older adults epilepsy diagnosis and treatment plans, and actively promoting epilepsy diagnosis and treatment plans can effectively reduce new cases of epilepsy and related disabilities.
Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treating sudden sensorineural hearing loss: an umbrella review
Authors: Liu Xinghong , Xu Xianpeng , Lei Qiulian , Jin Xiaohua , Deng Xinxing , Xie Hui 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionOur objective was to explore the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss by conducting an umbrella review of all existing evidence.MethodsWe conducted an umbrella review, searching for related articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases. The search period covered from the inception of each database until April 2024. We extracted authors, country of publication, time of publication, number of included studies and participants, interventions, summary of results, P-values, I2, relative risk (95% CI), and outcome measures. The methodological quality, evidence quality, and overlap rate of the included articles were assessed using AMSTAR 2, GRADE, and OVErviews (GROOVE).ResultsMethodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2. Of the nine included articles, two were assessed as “high,” three as “moderate,” two as “low,” and the remaining two as “very low.” The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. It was found that the quality of evidence in most of the studies was unsatisfactory. It was found that there was a slight overlap among the included articles. Six studies reported positive results (OR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.17–1.61; P = 0.04), with high heterogeneity observed (I2 = 63%). Egger's test indicated bias (P = 0.000101). Three studies reported negative results (MD 1.49; 95% CI, −0.32 to 3.29; P = 0.43; I2 = 0%), with no significant bias detected (P = 0.106) according to Egger's test.ConclusionHBO therapy is shown to be an effective treatment for SSNHL with fewer side effects. However, the methodological quality and evidence of the systematic reviews and meta-analysis included in this study were generally low. Therefore, more high-quality, large-scale, multi-center randomized controlled trials are needed in the future to verify the efficacy of HBO therapy for SSNHL.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier [CRD42024523651].
Effect of robotic exoskeleton training on lower limb function, activity and participation in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Juncong , Zhu Yongxin , Li Haojie , Wang Kun , Li Dan , Qi Qi 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe current lower limb robotic exoskeleton training (LRET) for treating and managing stroke patients remains a huge challenge. Comprehensive ICF analysis and informative treatment options are needed. This review aims to analyze LRET’ s efficacy for stroke patients, based on ICF, and explore the impact of intervention intensities, devices, and stroke phases.MethodsWe searched Web of Science, PubMed, and The Cochrane Library for RCTs on LRET for stroke patients. Two authors reviewed studies, extracted data, and assessed quality and bias. Standardized protocols were used. PEDro and ROB2 were employed for quality assessment. All analyses were done with RevMan 5.4.ResultsThirty-four randomized controlled trials (1,166 participants) were included. For function, LRET significantly improved motor control (MD = 1.15, 95%CI = 0.29–2.01, p = 0.009, FMA-LE), and gait parameters (MD = 0.09, 95%CI = 0.03–0.16, p = 0.004, Instrumented Gait Velocity; MD = 0.06, 95%CI = 0.02–0.09, p = 0.002, Step length; MD = 4.48, 95%CI = 0.32–8.65, p = 0.04, Cadence) compared with conventional rehabilitation. For activity, LRET significantly improved walking independence (MD = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.02–0.48, p = 0.03, FAC), Gait Velocity (MD = 0.07, 95%CI = 0.03–0.11, p = 0.001) and balance (MD = 2.34, 95%CI = 0.21–4.47, p = 0.03, BBS). For participation, social participation (MD = 0.12, 95%CI = 0.03–0.21, p = 0.01, EQ-5D) was superior to conventional rehabilitation. Based on subgroup analyses, LRET improved motor control (MD = 1.37, 95%CI = 0.47–2.27, p = 0.003, FMA-LE), gait parameters (MD = 0.08, 95%CI = 0.02–0.14, p = 0.006, Step length), Gait Velocity (MD = 0.11, 95%CI = 0.03–0.19, p = 0.005) and activities of daily living (MD = 2.77, 95%CI = 1.37–4.16, p = 0.0001, BI) for the subacute patients, while no significant improvement for the chronic patients. For exoskeleton devices, treadmill-based exoskeletons showed significant superiority for balance (MD = 4.81, 95%CI = 3.10–6.52, p &lt; 0.00001, BBS) and activities of daily living (MD = 2.67, 95%CI = 1.25–4.09, p = 0.00002, BI), while Over-ground exoskeletons was more effective for gait parameters (MD = 0.05, 95%CI = 0.02–0.08, p = 0.0009, Step length; MD = 6.60, 95%CI = 2.06–11.15, p = 0.004, Cadence) and walking independence (MD = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.14–0.44, p = 0.0002, FAC). Depending on the training regimen, better results may be achieved with daily training intensities of 45–60 min and weekly training intensities of 3 h or more.ConclusionThese findings offer insights for healthcare professionals to make effective LRET choices based on stroke patient needs though uncertainties remain. Particularly, the assessment of ICF participation levels and the design of time-intensive training deserve further study.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, Unique Identifier: CRD42024501750.
Investigating cortical complexity and connectivity in rats with schizophrenia
Authors: Zhao Zongya , Feng Yifan , Wang Menghan , Wei Jiarong , Tan Tao , Li Ruijiao , Hu Heshun , Wang Mengke , Chen Peiqi , Gao Xudong , Wei Yinping , Wang Chang , Gao Zhixian , Jiang Wenshuai , Zhou Xuezhi , Li Mingcai , Wang Chong , Pang Ting , Yu Yi 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe above studies indicate that the SCZ animal model has abnormal gamma oscillations and abnormal functional coupling ability of brain regions at the cortical level. However, few researchers have focused on the correlation between brain complexity and connectivity at the cortical level. In order to provide a more accurate representation of brain activity, we studied the complexity of electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals and the information interaction between brain regions in schizophrenic rats, and explored the correlation between brain complexity and connectivity.MethodsWe collected ECoG signal from SCZ rats. The frequency domain and time domain functional connectivity of SCZ rats were evaluated by magnitude square coherence and mutual information (MI). Permutation entropy (PE) and permutation Lempel-Ziv complexity (PLZC) were used to analyze the complexity of ECoG, and the relationship between them was evaluated. In addition, in order to further understand the causal structure of directional information flow among brain regions, we used phase transfer entropy (PTE) to analyze the effective connectivity of the brain.ResultsFirstly, in the high gamma band, the complexity of brain regions in SCZ rats is higher than that in normal rats, and the neuronal activity is irregularity. Secondly, the information integration ability of SCZ rats decreased and the communication of brain network information was hindered at the cortical level. Finally, compared with normal rats, the causal relationship between brain regions of SCZ rats was closer, but the information interaction center was not clear.ConclusionThe above findings suggest that at the cortical level, complexity and connectivity are valid biomarkers for identifying SCZ. This bridges the gap between peak potentials and EEG. This may help to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms at the cortical level in schizophrenics.
Metabolite profile in hereditary spastic paraplegia analyzed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a cross-sectional analysis in a longitudinal study
Authors: Montanaro Domenico , Vavla Marinela , Frijia Francesca , Coi Alessio , Baratto Alessandra , Pasquariello Rosa , Stefan Cristina , Martinuzzi Andrea 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundHereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSP) are genetic neurodegenerative disorders affecting the corticospinal tract. No established neuroimaging biomarker is associated with this condition.MethodsA total of 46 patients affected by HSP, genetically and clinically evaluated and tested with SPRS scores, and 46 healthy controls (HC) matched by age and gender underwent a single-voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy sampling (MRS) of bilateral pre-central and pre-frontal regions. MRS data were analyzed cross-sectionally (at T0 and T1) and longitudinally (T0 vs. T1).ResultsStatistically significant data showed that T0 mI/Cr in the pre-central areas of HSP patients was higher than in HC. In the left (L) pre-central area, NAA/Cr was significantly lower in HSP than in HC. In the right (R) pre-frontal area, NAA/Cr was significantly lower in HSP patients than in HC. HSP SPG4 subjects had significantly lower Cho/Cr concentrations in the L pre-central area compared to HC. Among the HSP subjects, non-SPG4 patients had significantly higher mI/Cr in the L pre-central area compared to SPG4 patients. In the R pre-frontal area, NAA/Cr was reduced, and ml/Cr was higher in non-SPG4 patients compared to SPG4 patients. Comparing “pure” and “complex” forms, NAA/Cr was higher in pHSP than in cHSP in the R pre-central and R pre-frontal areas. The longitudinal analysis, which involved fewer patients (n = 30), showed an increase in mI/Cr concentration in the L pre-frontal area among HSP subjects with respect to baseline. The patients had significantly higher SPRS scores at follow-up, with a significant positive correlation between SPRS scores and mI/Cr in the L pre-central area, while in bilateral pre-frontal areas, lower SPRS scores corresponded to higher NAA/Cr concentrations. To explore the discriminating power of MRS in correctly identifying HSP and controls, an inference tree methodology classified HSP subjects and controls with an overall accuracy of 73.9%, a sensitivity of 87.0%, and a specificity of 60.9%.ConclusionThis pilot study indicates that brain MRS is a valuable approach that could potentially serve as an objective biomarker in HSP.