bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and determinants of healthcare costs for self-care behaviours among patients with type 2 diabetes across low-resource communities in Nepal
Authors: Dahal Padam Kanta , Rawal Lal , Ademi Zanfina , Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Paudel Grish , Vandelanotte Corneel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health problem, imposing significant financial burden on its’ management and care. Patients’ self-care behaviours can help to reduce the financial burden on healthcare resources. However, no studies have examined the distribution of healthcare costs related to self-care behaviours in low and lower middle-income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the distribution and associated determinants of healthcare expenses incurred on self-care behaviours among patients with T2DM in low-resource communities in Nepal.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study, collecting data from 481 patients with T2DM across low-resource communities in the Kavrepalanchok and Nuwakot districts of Nepal. We applied micro-costing with a bottom-up approach to estimate the healthcare costs for 6 month periods. Self-care behaviours were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. The relationship between healthcare expenses and self-care behaviours was modelled by using a generalised linear model with an identity-link function and 10,000 bootstrapping resampling techniques.

Results
The average healthcare cost for managing T2DM is US $22.87 per patient for 6 months. Patients who engaged in footcare had the highest total expenses at US $71.98, followed by those who regularly conducted glucose monitoring (US $29.55), met physical activity recommendations (US $23.68), adhered to prescribed medication intake (US $23.59) and adhered to recommended dietary habits (US $22.98). Those patients who met the physical activity guidelines, regularly conducted glucose monitoring, and engaged in footcare had 18%, 32%, and 102% higher expenses respectively, compared to their counterparts.

Conclusions
Footcare was the most expensive and least practised component of self-care behaviour for managing T2DM, followed by glucose monitoring and physical activity, underscoring the significance of making these behaviours affordable and accessible in diabetes management. This provides valuable insight for decision-makers to prioritise and ensure these behaviours are affordable for patients with diabetes.

Graphical Abstract
Artificial intelligence for sustainability: opportunities and risks of utilizing Earth observation technologies to protect forests
Authors: Causevic Amar , Causevic Sara , Fielding Matthew , Barrott Julia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExtreme heat, massive floods, and ever-longer droughts caused by climate change are intensifying in magnitude and intensity across the globe. Forests are threatened by increases in the average global temperature and human-driven economic activity. Artificial intelligence and Earth observation technologies present opportunities to improve environmental sustainability, promoting Sustainable Development Goals through more efficient forest management and stewardship. These technologies can potentially improve the mapping, understanding, and monitoring of forests’ ecosystem services, directly aiding humanity’s efforts to combat climate change. However, increased use of these technologies could also create new risks, making these efforts counterproductive. This perspective article identifies opportunities and risks of using artificial intelligence and Earth observation technologies to protect forests globally. It discusses how risks can be mitigated and what governance mechanisms should be used to design sustainable forest-focused artificial intelligence.
STAR‐ESDM: A Generalizable Approach to Generating High‐Resolution Climate Projections Through Signal Decomposition
Authors: Hayhoe Katharine , Scott‐Fleming Ian , Stoner Anne , Wuebbles Donald J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh‐resolution climate projections are critical to assessing climate risk and developing climate resilience strategies. However, they remain limited in quality, availability, and/or geographic coverage. The Seasonal Trends and Analysis of Residuals empirical statistical downscaling model (STAR‐ESDM) is a computationally‐efficient, flexible approach to generating such projections that can be applied globally using predictands and predictors sourced from weather stations, gridded data sets, satellites, reanalysis, and global or regional climate models. It uses signal processing combined with Fourier filtering and kernel density estimation techniques to decompose and smooth any quasi‐Gaussian time series, gridded or point‐based, into multi‐decadal long‐term means and/or trends; static and dynamic annual cycles; and probability distributions of daily variability. Long‐term predictor trends are bias‐corrected and predictor components used to map predictand components to future conditions. Components are then recombined for each station or grid cell to produce a continuous, high‐resolution bias‐corrected and downscaled time series at the spatial and temporal scale of the predictand time series. Comparing STAR‐ESDM output driven by coarse global climate model simulations with daily temperature and precipitation projections generated by a high‐resolution version of the same global model demonstrates it is capable of accurately reproducing projected changes for all but the most extreme temperature and precipitation values. For most continental areas, biases in 1‐in‐1000 hottest and coldest temperatures are <0.5°C and biases in the 1‐in‐1000 wet day precipitation amounts are <5 mm/day. As climate impacts intensify, STAR‐ESDM represents a significant advance in generating consistent high‐resolution projections to comprehensively assess climate risk and optimize resilience globally.
Nearshore Flow Dynamics Over Shore‐Oblique Bathymetric Features During Storm Wave Conditions
Authors: Szczyrba L. , Mulligan R. P. , Pufahl P. , Humberston J. , McNinch J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractShore‐oblique bathymetric features occur around the world and have been statistically correlated with enhanced shoreline retreat on sandy beaches. However, the physical mechanisms that explain a causal relationship are not well understood. In this study, radar remote sensing observations and results from a phase‐resolved numerical model explore how complex morphology alters nearshore hydrodynamics. Observations at selected times during high‐energy storm events as well as a suite of idealized simulations indicate that shore‐oblique features induce strong spatial variations in the water surface elevation, wave breaking patterns, and mean current pathways. Re‐emergent offshore flows and longshore current accelerations occur near the shoreward apex of the oblique nearshore features. The results suggest that complex bathymetric morphology exerts a powerful control on nearshore hydrodynamics and increases the potential for enhanced cross‐shore and alongshore sediment transport.
On the Layered Structure and Seasonal Variation of the Water Exchanges in the Sulawesi Sea Areas As Well As the Associated Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Hua , Peng Shiqiu , Qian Yu‐Kun , Li Shaotian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe layered structure and seasonal variation of the water exchanges in the Sulawesi Sea areas, as well as the corresponding dynamics, are investigated using HYCOM data. A net inward water mass transport is identified in the upper and intermediate layers in the Sulawesi Sea and it is compensated by the net outward transport in the deep layer. As an important source of this net inward transport, the southward flow through the Sibutu Passage (denoted hereafter as Sibutu Flow) reaches 5.06 Sv in winter, accounting for ∼43% of the net inflow. However, it decreases substantially to 1.79 Sv in summer, accounting for only 12% of the inflow. Further analysis reveals that this Sibutu Flow modulates the seasonal variation of the corresponding outward flow at the Makassar Strait, the major exit of the water mass in the Sulawesi Sea. In winter, the enhancement of the Sibutu Flow associated with the greater intrusion of Kuroshio water into the Luzon Strait produces a stronger eastward pressure gradient force, suppressing the surface intrusion of the Mindanao Current. Conversely, this pressure gradient force weakens and shifts westward in summer, permitting a larger water intrusion from the eastern section. Given that the outward Makassar Flow is the main passage of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), our study highlights the essential role of the Sibutu Flow in modulating seasonal variabilities of the ITF via the Makassar Strait and, thus, the transfer of water masses and heat content between the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Geodynamic and Climatic Forcing on Late‐Cenozoic Exhumation of the Southern Patagonian Andes (Fitz Roy and Torres del Paine massifs)
Authors: Muller Veleda A. P. , Sue Christian , Valla Pierre G. , Sternai Pietro , Simon‐Labric Thibaud , Gautheron Cécile , Cuffey Kurt M. , Grujic Djordje , Bernet Matthias , Martinod Joseph , Ghiglione Matias C. , Reiners Peter , Willett Chelsea , Shuster David , Herman Frédéric , Baumgartner Lukas , Braun Jean 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh‐relief glacial valleys shape the modern topography of the Southern Patagonian Andes, but their formation remains poorly understood. Two Miocene plutonic complexes in the Andean retroarc, the Fitz Roy (49°S) and Torres del Paine (51°S) massifs, were emplaced between 16.9–16.4 Ma and 12.6–12.4 Ma, respectively. Subduction of oceanic ridge segments initiated ca. 16 Ma at 54°S, leading to northward opening of a slab window with associated mantle upwelling. The onset of major glaciations caused drastic topographic changes since ca. 7 Ma. To constrain the respective contributions of tectonic‐mantle dynamics and fluvio‐glacial erosion to rock exhumation and landscape evolution, we perform inverse thermal modeling of a new data set of zircon and apatite (U‐Th)/He from the two massifs, complemented by apatite 4He/3He data for Torres del Paine. Our results show rapid rock exhumation recorded only in the Fitz Roy massif between 10 and 8 Ma, which we ascribe to local mantle upwelling forcing surface uplift and intensified erosion around 49°S. Both massifs record a pulse of rock exhumation between 7 and 4 Ma, which we interpret as enhanced erosion during the beginning of Patagonian glaciations. After a period of erosional and tectonic quiescence in the Pliocene, increased rock exhumation since 3–2 Ma is interpreted as the result of alpine glacial valley carving promoted by reinforced glacial‐interglacial cycles. This study highlights that glacial erosion was the main driver to rock exhumation in the Patagonian retroarc since 7 Ma, but that mantle upwelling might be a driving force to rock exhumation as well.
Emerging Risk to Dengue in Asian Metropolitan Areas Under Global Warming
Authors: Jing Cheng , Wang Guojie , Ebi Kristie L. , Su Buda , Wang Xiaoming , Chen Dong , Jiang Tong , Kundzewicz Zbigniew W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAedes sp. mosquitoes are changing their geographic range in response to climate change. This is of concern because these mosquitoes can carry dengue fever and other viral diseases. Changing weather patterns can also increase the numbers of Aedes mosquitoes, leading to greater human exposure and enhancing population health risks. We project the geographic distribution of Aedes and associated changes in populations exposed to dengue in Asian metropolitan areas under warming scenarios from 1.5°C to 5.0°C above pre‐industrial temperatures, using multi‐model ensembles. With global warming, the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula, the coast of the Arabian Sea in southern Iran, southern Pakistan in West Asia, the Korean Peninsula, most of the Japanese islands, and parts of North China in East Asia are projected to become suitable for dengue transmission. The numbers of metropolitan areas exposed to dengue is projected to change from 142 (48%) in the reference period (1995–2014) to 211 (71%) at 5.0°C warming. With the combined impact of socioeconomic and climate change, population exposure to dengue in Asian metropolitan areas is projected to increase from 263 (multi‐model range 252–268) million in 1995–2014 to 411 (394–432) million, 446 (420–490) million, 509 (475–601), 558 (493–685) and 587 (529–773) million, respectively, at 1.5°C, 2.0°C, 3.0°C, 4.0°C and 5°C warming, with an average of 2.9 million new people exposed to dengue fever in metropolitan areas each year.
Tracing Ocean Circulation and Mixing From the Arctic to the Subpolar North Atlantic Using the 129I–236U Dual Tracer
Authors: Dale Duncan , Christl Marcus , Vockenhuber Christof , Macrander Andreas , Ólafsdóttir Sólveig , Middag Rob , Casacuberta Núria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study represents the first use of the artificial radionuclides 129I and 236U, released into the ocean mainly from Nuclear Reprocessing Plants, as a dual tracer in the vicinity of Iceland with novel estimation of ocean circulatory pathways and mixing in the region. Iceland lies at the gateway to the Arctic where warm, saline Atlantic waters interact with waters of Arctic origin in ways that have critical consequences for the strength and stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Many of these interactions are not yet fully understood, such as how Atlantic water circulates around the Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas and the composition and fate of the major overflows of the Greenland‐Scotland Ridge. Using new and previous measurements of 129I and 236U in seawater, we present a new method of appraising water mass provenance and mixing in the form of the 129I–236U dual mixing plot. With this method, we estimate that at least half the Atlantic‐origin water entering the Arctic Ocean circulates around the Canada Basin before exiting at Fram Strait and that this outflow is increased by about 40% by mixing with Return Atlantic Water “short‐circuiting” the Arctic Ocean at Fram Strait. We present tracer‐based evidence that water carried by the East Greenland Current has an unbroken pathway to the Faroe‐Shetland Channel and that Iceland‐Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) entrains 60% Labrador Sea Water during transit past southeast Iceland. We present an unambiguous way to differentiate ISOW from DSOW after they partially merge in the Irminger Sea.
Advances in the study of phencyclidine-induced schizophrenia-like animal models and the underlying neural mechanisms
Authors: Li Dabing , Pan Qiangwen , Xiao Yewei , Hu Kehui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic, severe mental disorder with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and unknown etiology. Research on SZ has long been limited by the low reliability of and ambiguous pathogenesis in schizophrenia animal models. Phencyclidine (PCP), a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, rapidly induces both positive and negative symptoms of SZ as well as stable SZ-related cognitive impairment in rodents. However, the neural mechanism underlying PCP-induced SZ-like symptoms is not fully understood. Nondopaminergic pathophysiology, particularly excessive glutamate release induced by NMDAR hypofunction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), may play a key role in the development of PCP-induced SZ-like symptoms. In this review, we summarize studies on the behavioral and metabolic effects of PCP and the cellular and circuitary targets of PCP in the PFC and hippocampus (HIP). PCP is thought to target the ventral HIP-PFC pathway more strongly than the PFC-VTA pathway and thalamocortical pathway. Systemic PCP administration might preferentially inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the vHIP and in turn lead to hippocampal pyramidal cell disinhibition. Excitatory inputs from the HIP may trigger sustained, excessive and pathological PFC pyramidal neuron activation to mediate various SZ-like symptoms. In addition, astrocyte and microglial activation and oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex or hippocampus have been observed in PCP-induced models of SZ. These findings perfect the hypoglutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia. However, whether these effects direct the consequences of PCP administration and how about the relationships between these changes induced by PCP remain further elucidation through rigorous, causal and direct experimental evidence.
Robustness and exploration between the interplay of the nonlinear co-dynamics HIV/AIDS and pneumonia model via fractional differential operators and a probabilistic approach
Authors: Rashid Saima , Hamidi Sher Zaman , Raza Muhammad Aon , Shafique Rafia , Alsubaie Assayel Sultan , Elagan Sayed K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, we considered a nonlinear compartmental mathematical model that assesses the effect of treatment on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS and pneumonia (H/A-P) co-infection in a human population at different infection stages. Understanding the complexities of co-dynamics is now critically necessary as a consequence. The aim of this research is to construct a co-infection model of H/A-P in the context of fractional calculus operators, white noise and probability density functions, employing a rigorous biological investigation. By exhibiting that the system possesses non-negative and bounded global outcomes, it is shown that the approach is both mathematically and biologically practicable. The required conditions are derived, guaranteeing the eradication of the infection. Furthermore, adequate prerequisites are established, and the configuration is tested for the existence of an ergodic stationary distribution. For discovering the system’s long-term behavior, a deterministic-probabilistic technique for modeling is designed and operated in MATLAB. By employing an extensive review, we hope that the previously mentioned approach improves and leads to mitigating the two diseases and their co-infections by examining a variety of behavioral trends, such as transitions to unpredictable procedures. In addition, the piecewise differential strategies are being outlined as having promising potential for scholars in a range of contexts because they empower them to include particular characteristics across multiple time frame phases. Such formulas can be strengthened via classical techniques, power law, exponential decay, generalized Mittag-Leffler kernels, probability density functions and random procedures. Furthermore, we get an accurate description of the probability density function encircling a quasi-equilibrium point if the effect of H/A-P minimizes the propagation of the co-dynamics. Consequently, scholars can obtain better outcomes when analyzing facts using random perturbations by implementing these strategies for challenging issues. Random perturbations in H/A-P co-infection are crucial in controlling the spread of an epidemic whenever the suggested circulation is steady and the amount of infection eliminated is closely correlated with the random perturbation level.
Healthcare resource utilisation and costs associated with AL amyloidosis: a retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: Shen Shih-Pei , Hou Hsin-An , Huang Kuan-Chih , Goh Choo Hua , Qiu Hong , Rothwell Lee Anne , Wu Kwang-Wei , Chandwani Hitesh , Liu Yanfang , Tang Chao-Hsiun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective population-based, matched cohort study using the National Health Insurance Research Database to estimate healthcare resource utilisation (HRU) and costs in patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis in Taiwan. Cases were matched 10:1 by age, sex, and area of residence to patients without AL amyloidosis (comparators) randomly selected from the database during the same time period. Annual all-cause HRU and costs for 3 years were quantified. AL amyloidosis-attributable costs were obtained by subtracting all-cause HRU costs incurred by comparators from cases. The mean age of all patients was 60.78 years and 59.07% were male. Co-morbidities were more frequent in cases than comparators. By 6 months after diagnosis, 12.1% of cases had died versus 0.9% of comparators. In the first year, cases had 103% more outpatient visits, 177% more emergency room visits, were hospitalised 4-times more frequently, and spent 5.5-times more days in hospital than comparators, and total healthcare costs were > sixfold higher. Costs incurred during the first year after diagnosis accounted for 55% of the 3-year cumulative cost. High HRU costs associated with delayed diagnosis and end-organ damage indicate a need for earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments for AL amyloidosis.
New nano-complexes targeting protein 3S7S in breast cancer and protein 4OO6 in liver cancer investigated in cell line
Authors: Faheem Shaima M. , Osman Hiam M. , El-Tabl Abdou S. , Abd-El Wahed Moshira M. , Younes Sara M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCancer, a lethal ailment, possesses a multitude of therapeutic alternatives to combat its presence, metal complexes have emerged as significant classes of medicinal compounds, exhibiting considerable biological efficacy, especially as anticancer agents. The utilization of cis-platin in the treatment of various cancer types, including breast cancer, has served as inspiration to devise novel nanostructured metal complexes for breast cancer therapy. Notably, homo- and hetero-octahedral bimetallic complexes of an innovative multifunctional ether ligand (comprising Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Hg(II), and Ag(I) ions) have been synthesized. To ascertain their structural characteristics, elemental and spectral analyses, encompassing IR, UV–Vis, 1H-NMR, mass and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra, magnetic moments, molar conductance, thermal analysis, and electron microscopy, were employed. The molar conductance of these complexes in DMF demonstrated a non-electrolytic nature. Nanostructured forms of the complexes were identified through electron microscopic data. At ambient temperature, the ESR spectra of the solid complexes exhibited anisotropic and isotropic variants, indicative of covalent bonding. The ligand and several of its metal complexes were subjected to cytotoxicity testing against breast cancer protein 3S7S and liver cancer protein 4OO6, with the Ag(I) complex (7) evincing the most potent effect, followed by the Cu(II) with ligand (complex (2)), Cis-platin, the ligand itself, and the Cu(II)/Zn(II) complex (8). Molecular docking data unveiled the inhibitory order of several complexes.
Earliest evidence of human occupations and technological complexity above the 45th North parallel in Western Europe. The site of Lunery-Rosieres la-Terre-des-Sablons (France, 1.1 Ma)
Authors: Despriée Jackie , Moncel Marie-Hélène , Courcimault Gilles , Voinchet Pierre , Jouanneau Jean-Claude , Bahain Jean-Jacques 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe site of LuneryRosieres la-Terre-des-Sablons (Lunery, Cher, France) comprises early evidence of human occupation in mid-latitudes in Western Europe. It demonstrates hominin presence in the Loire River Basin during the Early Pleistocene at the transition between an interglacial stage and the beginning of the following glacial stage. Three archaeological levels sandwiched and associated with two diamicton levels deposited on the downcutting river floor indicate repeated temporary occupations. Lithic material yields evidence of simple and more complex core technologies on local Jurassic siliceous rocks and Oligocene millstone. Hominins availed of natural stone morphologies to produce flakes with limited preparation. Some cores show centripetal management and a partially prepared striking platform. The mean ESR age of 1175 ka ± 98 ka obtained on fluvial sediments overlying the archaeological levels could correspond to the transition between marine isotopic stages (MIS) 37 and 36, during the normal Cobb Mountain subchron, and in particular at the beginning of MIS 36. The Lunery site shows that hominins were capable of adapting to early glacial environmental conditions and adopting appropriate strategies for settling in mid-latitude zones. These areas cannot be considered as inhospitable at that time as Lunery lies at some distance from the forming ice cap.