bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UNITY IN RESTORING: A STUDY ON HEALING ATTRIBUTES OF PERSIAN GARDEN
Authors: Ramyar Reza 
Published: October 2015

<p>Spending time in a Persian garden gives one the impression of being away and a sense of connection with nature. These feelings alleviate mental fatigue, or stress and bring about mental restoration. Simply, one feels mentally refreshed after visiting and strolling in a Persian garden. The motivation for the research is to evaluate the theory that whether Persian traditional garden can be used as a restorative garden or even its design principles can be employed to create an environment of such kind. The main areas of investigation in this paper include understanding restorative attributes provided with the garden on visitors. Persian garden provides opportunities that intuitively engender restorative attributes which can fully be felt by being there, whether it was intended for such a purpose or not. The paper tries to imply that the aim of creation of such spaces (Persian garden) was so supreme that restoration can be considered as one of the subjects which arouses from a dominant interrelation between human and space (nature) in a common entire inherence.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>K</strong><strong>e</strong><strong>y</strong><strong>w</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>r</strong><strong>d</strong>: Persian garden, restorative garden, healing attributes, mentally refresh</p>
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BUILDING PURSUITS IN ISLAM
Authors: Omer Spahic 
Published: October 2015

<p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstract</strong></p> <p>This paper explains the significance of erecting buildings in Islam. Four themes are discussed in the paper: 1) building as a basis of civilization, 2) building as an indispensable and creditable activity, 3) the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and building, and 4) avoiding vices in building. The paper concludes that in Islam erecting buildings is a very important enterprise, in that such signifies the creation of a physical locus of the daily individual, family and social activities of Muslims. Thus, the existence of Islamic built environment is essential for the realization of the divine purpose on earth. The chief duty that Islamic built environment performs is the facilitation of such a realization. While writing the paper, I have tried as much as possible to draw on the original sources that deal with the theme at hand, the most important of which, certainly, are the Holy Qur’an and the authentic compilations of Prophet Muhammad’s words and actions. Finally, the paper aims to enhance the awareness, both of the professionals and general readership, as to the importance of correctly conceptualizing, creating and using Islamic built environment. The approach in the paper is conceptual, rather than empirical.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>K</strong><strong>e</strong><strong>y</strong><strong>w</strong><strong>ords</strong>: Erecting Buildings, Built Environment, Islam, Muslims, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstrak</strong></p> <p>Makalah ini menjelaskan pentingnya pendirian bangunan dalam Islam. Empat tema yang dibahas dalam makalah ini : 1) bangunan sebagai dasar peradaban, 2) bangunan sebagai suatu kegiatan yang sangat diperlukan, 3) Nabi Muhammad (saw) dan bangunan, dan 4) menghindari kejahatan dalam bangunan. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam Islam mendirikan bangunan adalah sebuah usaha yang sangat penting, seperti menandakan penciptaan lokus fisik kegiatan individu sehari-hari, keluarga dan sosial umat Islam. Dengan demikian, keberadaan lingkungan yang dibangun Islam sangat penting untuk mewujudkan tujuan Ilahi di bumi. Pemimpin bertugas memfasilitasi realisasi lingkungan binaan Islam tersebut. Pada penulisan makalah ini, penulis telah berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk menarik pada sumber-sumber asli yang berhubungan dengan tema, yang paling penting adalah Alquran dan kompilasi otentik kata-kata dan tindakan Nabi Muhammad (Hadits). Akhirnya, makalah ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, baik dari para profesional dan pembaca umum, mengenai pentingnya konseptualisasi, menciptakan dan menggunakan lingkungan yang dibangun Islam. Pendekatan dalam makalah ini adalah konseptual, bukan empiris.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>K</strong><strong>at</strong><strong>a kunci</strong>: Pendirian Bangunan, Lingkungan binaan, Islam, Muslim, Nabi Muhammad saw</p> <p> </p>
GREYWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM IN UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA MOSQUE: UTILIZING FILTER WELLS AS AN ALTERNATIVE SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION
Authors: Utaberta Nangkula , Handryant Aisyah Nur 
Published: October 2015

<p>Water is one of the natural resources that support entire creature’s needs in earth. It was also a key element of sustainable living. The important of water is proved by fact that human body were consists of 80% water which makes daily water needs is definitely important. Same thing was happen on earth which also consists of 71 % water. Unfortunately, nowadays qualities as well as quantities of water is getting poor caused many environmental decline. Those situation is feel quite irony, first is because in one side human are depending on water badly, and in another side, qualities and quantities water have been decreasing because of their own. This environmental issue, especially water was realized by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) by starting to be a first pioneer in Green &amp; Sustainability Campus in Malaysia. Although UKM is located in water-rich country, still UKM try to commit to save environment as well as manage its environment aspect. The usage of water in UKM itself is categorized in high level. UKM have around 20.000 students and most of them are dwelling in campus. For big campus like this, UKM had one main Mosque which accommodates some daily worship of Moslem as the majority one. For activities like ablution, washing and bathing, UKM Mosque had produce quite big amount of grey water. Grey water itself is residual water that still fresh and can be recycled for some purposes such as landscape irrigation and cleaning service. One alternative method to treats the grey water is by the usage of filter wells. This paper is trying to analysis and proposes some design of grey water system in UKM mosque in order to save environment. With proper grey water treatment, UKM Mosque will contribute to save water and UKM’s environment. This successful water treatment is also can be an alternative model to apply in another building.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong></strong><em></em></p>
ARE CHILDREN BETTER AT LEARNING LANGUAGES THAN ADULTS?
Authors: Syafiyah Syafiyah 
Published: October 2015

Usia merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan dan kegagalan dalam akuisisi bahasa kedua. Secara umum diasumsikan bahwa anak-anak merupakan pembelajar bahasa yang baik dibanding orang dewasa. Tulisan ini akan membahas beberapa teori tentang permasalahan di atas. Secara teoretis ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan akuisisi bahasa kedua, yaitu: neurology, psikomotor, afektif, kognitif, dan input. Teori-teori di atas secara umum mengklaim bahwa anak-anak memiliki peluang yang lebih besar untuk akuisisi bahasa kedua dibanding orang dewasa. Meskipun demikian, ada temuan yang menunjukkan bahwa orang dewasa karena faktor kognitifnya menjadi lebih baik dalam hal kemampuan akuisisi bahasa kedua dibanding anak-anak. Hal ini terjadi terutama dalam hal sintaksis dan morpologi.
SWIRO’UL LUGHOH WA ATSAROHU AL-IJTIMA’IYAH
Authors: Rosyidi Abdul Wahab 
Published: October 2015

Bahasa merupakan salah satu unsur pokok dari kebudayaan yang berperan penting dan besar dalam kehidupan sosial. Bahasa tak ubahnya seperti makluk hidup yang mengalami perkembangan dan perubahan bahkan pergulatan antar satu bahasa dengan bahasa lain yang mungkin ada bahasa yang kuat bertahan atau sebaliknya lemah dan hilang dari tengah-tengah masyarakat. Sebagai contoh, pergulatan yang terjadi antara bahasa Arab dan bahasa Indonesia yang diawali sejak abad ke VII M, meski tidak dasyat, tetapi aksara Arab pernah digunakan masyarakat nusantara dalam waktu yang relatif cukup lama yang dikenal dengan tulisan “Pegon”. Tulisan ini memfokuskan pada pergulatan pemakaian bahasa Arab dan bahasa Indonesia yang pernah digunakan masyarakat muslim di Indonesia terutama dalam hal pergeseran makna dan penggunaan kosakata. Ada beberapa faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan sebuah bahasa dapat mengalahkan bahasa lain dan akibatnya dalam kehidupan social dan perkembangan bahasa itu sendiri. Dampak dari pergulatan itu, tak sedikit mufradat (kosakata) bahasa Arab yang terserap ke dalam bahasa Indonesia.
KARYA SASTRA: MIMESIS, REALITAS ATAU MITOS?
Authors: Muzakki Akhmad 
Published: October 2015

Literature is represents falsehood, said Rahdar, but it is used as a unique procedure to reveal the truth. The imagination world ia as a contact or touch between idea and language that create literary works in certain case and it becomes the autonomous area which are not necessary to be related to the reality. Although it is imaginative, it must not be irrational because the imaginative thing is also possible to happen in real life. As a work of imagination, literary work is not able to place itself as a central of legal social problems. It is caused by the fact that literary work is an imaginative work which contraries to reality so the harmony between mimesis and author's creativity to create the new thing has great role in creating the quallified literature.
MAKNA TUTURAN DALAM PENYELESAIAN PELANGGARAN ADAT MAMBOLOSUAKO MASYARAKAT TOLAKI
Authors: Ino La 
Published: October 2015

This article studies about one of cultural products at Tolaki ethnic in South-East Sulawesi Province. The cultural product is mombolusuako. Mombolosuako is a tradition in Tolaki society, in which someone, a man, did a breach of custom that usually happen when the relationship between the girl and the young man is not agreed by the parents and when the girl and the man have different social status. Because it is a breach of custom, there should be a solution according to the custom. In solving this problem (mombolasuako), the custom provides two steps rembinggare and mesokei. The method used in research is descriptive qualitative method. The subject of research is the informants mastering in uttering the solution of the breach of custom (Mombolasuako) in Tolaki society in Lambuya subdistrict. This study is done by using semantic and pragmatic approach. In solving the mombolasuako the people use the language with particular characteristics that is different from their daily language. The language emphasizes beauty especially in its use of language speech and metaphors. The rembinggare is meaningful for the man family, as to show his intention to solve the problem, and it is meaningful for the family of the girl as the solution of the problem so that they will be avoided from shame. In the process of mesokei there is a negotiation and settlement among two families to get the best solution for both of them.
BAHASA DEMOKRATIS DI DALAM MEDIA TELEVISI INDONESIA
Authors: Santosa Riyadi 
Published: October 2015

This research attempts to depicts the language used in Indonesian television, especially in news, editorial, and talk show in post reform era. The main issue in this research is the language used in Indonesian television contributes to the formation of democracy in this country. To answer the question, this research applies Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) that is able to portray the social processes and the language that is representation of the social processes, including their genres and registers. The results show that news exploits recount whereas editorial and talk show employ discussion genre. The recount and discussion genres in news and editorial and talk show accelerate the atmosphere of democratization in Indonesia. News provides facts and phenomena whereas editorial and talk show discusses them. However, in the level of register, editorial and talk show exploit the use of more raised evaluation that a number of communication experts believe that Indonesian editorial and talk show go beyond the democracy level or are still provocative.<br />Keywords: Bahasa Demokratis, Genre, Register, Appraisal<br /><br />
Relationship Among Mothers’ Glycemic Level, Periodontitis, and Birth Weight
Authors: Gomes‐Filho Isaac S. , Pereira Eliesita C. , Cruz Simone S. , Adan Luis Fernando F. , Vianna Maria Isabel P. , Passos‐Soares Johelle S. , Trindade Soraya C. , Oliveira Ernesto P. , Oliveira Michelle T. , Cerqueira Eneida de M. M. , Pereira Antonio Luis , Barreto Maurício L. , Seymour Gregory John 
Published: October 2015

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the influence of glycemic level on the relationship between periodontitis and low birth weight (LBW).Methods: A case‐control study was conducted with 372 females divided into cases (109 mothers of newborns with birth weight <2,500 g) and controls (263 mothers of newborns with birth weight ≥2,500 g). The birth weight of children was obtained from medical records, whereas information on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics of the participants was obtained through an interview. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured, and probing depth, clinical attachment levels, and bleeding on probing were used to determine the periodontal status. Results were analyzed using logistic regression.Results: The likelihood of having children with LBW among the mothers with periodontitis was six times greater than that observed among mothers without periodontitis (adjusted odds ratio [ORadjusted] = 6.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.47 to 15.17), even after adjustment. There was also a strong, statistically significant relationship between periodontitis and LBW in both the normal glycemic–level group (HbA1c levels <5.6%, unadjusted odds ratio [ORunadjusted] = 8.30, 95% CI = 3.56 to 19.35) and the high glycemic–level group (HbA1c levels ≥5.6% and <6.5%, ORunadjusted = 5.73, 95% CI = 1.75 to 18.70). After adjustment for confounders, the magnitude of the association continued to be strong in the normal glycemic–level group (ORadjusted = 7.59, 95% CI = 2.7 to 24.28), an increase of 25% when compared to the main association measurement. In those with high glycemic levels (ORadjusted = 4.03, 95% CI = 0.81 to 19.96), the OR decreased almost 50%, and the association lost statistical significance.Conclusion: Periodontitis and glycemic levels appeared to have opposing influences on birth weight, with periodontitis being associated with LBW and the magnitude of the association being altered depending on maternal blood glucose level.
Periodontal Pathogens and Risk of Incident Cancer in Postmenopausal Females: The Buffalo OsteoPerio Study
Authors: Mai Xiaodan , Genco Robert J. , LaMonte Michael J. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Andrews Christopher A. , Wactawski‐Wende Jean 
Published: October 2015

Background: Extraoral translocation of oral bacteria may contribute to associations between periodontal disease and cancer. The associations among the presence of three orange‐complex periodontal pathogens (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Campylobacter rectus), two red‐complex periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia), and cancer risk were investigated.Methods: A total of 1,252 postmenopausal females enrolled in the Buffalo Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease Study were followed prospectively. Baseline subgingival plaque samples were assessed for the presence of periodontal pathogens using indirect immunofluorescence. Incident cancer cases were adjudicated by staff physicians via review of medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of periodontal pathogens with total cancer and site‐specific cancer risk in unadjusted and multivariable‐adjusted models.Results: Neither the presence of individual pathogens nor the presence of any red‐complex pathogens was associated with total cancer or site‐specific cancers. Borderline associations were seen among the presence of any orange‐complex pathogens (F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, and C. rectus), total cancer risk (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.84), and lung cancer risk (HR = 3.02, 95% CI = 0.98 to 9.29).Conclusions: No associations were found between the presence of individual subgingival pathogens and cancer risk. However, there were suggestions of borderline positive associations of the presence of any orange‐complex pathogens with total cancer and lung cancer risk. The study is limited by the small number of cancer cases and the assessment of only five oral bacteria. Additional research is needed to understand the possible role of periodontal disease in carcinogenesis.
Effect of histologic processing on dimensions of skin samples obtained from cat cadavers
Authors: Jeyakumar Sakthila , Smith Annette N. , Schleis Stephanie E. , Cattley Russell C. , Tillson D. Michael , Henderson Ralph A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine changes in dimensions of feline skin samples as a result of histologic processing and to identify factors that contributed to changes in dimensions of skin samples after sample collection.
SAMPLE Cadavers of 12 clinically normal cats.
PROCEDURES Skin samples were obtained bilaterally from 3 locations (neck, thorax, and tibia) of each cadaver; half of the thoracic samples included underlying muscle. Length, width, and depth were measured at 5 time points (before excision, after excision, after application of ink to mark tissue margins, after fixation in neutral-buffered 10% formalin for 36 hours, and after completion of histologic processing and staining with H&E stain). Measurements obtained after sample collection were compared with measurements obtained before excision.
RESULTS At the final time point, tissue samples had decreased in length (mean decrease, 32.40%) and width (mean decrease, 34.21%) and increased in depth (mean increase, 54.95%). Tissue from the tibia had the most shrinkage in length and width and that from the neck had the least shrinkage. Inclusion of underlying muscle on thoracic skin samples did not affect the degree of change in dimensions.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, each step during processing from excision to formalin fixation and histologic processing induced changes in tissue dimensions, which were manifested principally as shrinkage in length and width and increase in depth. Most of the changes occured during histologic processing. Inclusion of muscle did not affect thoracic skin shrinkage. Shrinkage should be a consideration when interpreting surgical margins in clinical cases. 945)
Application of artificial neural networks (ANN) in Lake Drwęckie water level modelling
Authors: Piasecki Adam , Jurasz Jakub , Skowron Rajmund 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper presents an attempt to model water-level fluctuations in a lake based on artificial neural networks. The subject of research was the water level in Lake Drwęckie over the period 1980-2012. For modelling purposes, meteorological data from the weather station in Olsztyn were used. As a result of the research conducted, the model M_Meteo_Lag_3 was identified as the most accurate. This artificial neural network model has seven input neurons, four neurons in the hidden layer and one neuron in the output layer. As explanatory variables meteorological parameters (minimal, maximal and mean temperature, and humidity) and values of dependent variables from three earlier months were implemented. The paper claims that artificial neural networks performed well in terms of modelling the analysed phenomenon. In most cases (55%) the modelled value differed from the real value by an average of 7.25 cm. Only in two cases did a meaningful error occur, of 33 and 38 cm.
Analysis of the exposure of Polish lakes to flood risk
Authors: Pasiecznik-Dominiak Anna , Tiukało Andrzej , Dumieński Grzegorz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Flooding constitutes one of the main natural hazards in Poland, which causes enormous social, economic and environmental losses. The main causes of the occurrence of floods include intensive rainfall, rapid melting of snow and ice cover, as well as strong gusts of wind from the sea. Based on the resilience theory (resistance, elasticity), which constitutes an efficient tool for the description of the social-ecological system capability or components thereof to mitigate the effects of dangerous events, as well as the capability of reconstructing and adapting the system to new conditions, the authors have analysed the exposure of Polish lakes to flood risks with a probability of occurrence Q0.2%, Q1% and Q10%. In order to determine the level of exposure of lakes to the risk of flooding by flood waters, studies were conducted using the flood hazard and flood risk maps which were developed under the Project entitled “IT System of the Country’s Protection against Extreme Hazards”. The result of the efforts of the group of authors is the determination of the number of lakes, which are located in the flood risk area Q0.2%, Q1% and Q10%, including division into risk level groups (low, moderate and high). The results presented in the paper may constitute a contribution to further, more detailed studies concerning assessment of the vulnerability of Polish lakes located in the flood prone area.
Complications of appendicular fracture repair in cats and small dogs using locking compression plates
Authors: Le Pommellet Helene , Savin Audrey , Decambron Adeline , Manassero Mathieu , Viateau Véronique , Gauthier Olivier , Fayolle Pascal , Vallefuoco Rosario 
Published: October 2015

SummaryObjective: Our objectives were: 1) to review the complications associated with stabilization of appendicular fractures in cats and small dogs using locking compression plates (LCP), and 2) to identify factors that could influence fixation construct stability.Study design: Retrospective clinical study.Materials and methods: Medical and radiographic records of cats and small dogs with appendicular fractures treated with LCP were reviewed. Only cases with adequate follow-up to document clinical union and cases for which complications appeared before the clinical union were included. Complications were classified as implant-related complications or other complications. Cases with implant-related complications were compared to cases with non-implant-related complications for differences in signalment (species, age, body weight, multiple fractures), fracture location and type (fractured bone, fracture localization, closed or open fracture), reduction method (open reduction and internal fixation [ORIF] or minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis [MIPO]) and fixation evaluations (implant size, platebridging ratio, plate span ratio, working length, plate screw density, number of screws and cortices engaged per plate and per main fragment, ratio between screw and bone diameter at the narrowest aspect of the bone, and presence of ancillary fixation).Results: Seventy-five fractures from 63 cats (64 fractures) and 10 dogs (11 fractures) met the inclusion criteria. Eight humeral, 13 radio-ulnar, 26 femoral, and 28 tibio-fibular fractures were treated. Primary repair of the fracture was performed using 2.0 mm and 2.4 mm LCP in 22 and 53 fractures, respectively. Overall and implant-related complications were encountered in 13 and seven of 75 fractures, respectively. Fixation failure was not significantly associated with any aforementioned factor considered in this study, and in particular, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of fixation failure between fractures stabilized with two, or more than two, bicortical locking screws per main fragment.Clinical significance: 2.0 mm and 2.4 mm LCP were used to manage appendicular fractures in cats and small dogs. The overall complication and fixation failure rate were comparable to those reported in previous studies in which various locking plate systems were used.Online Supplementary Material for this article is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-14-09-0146