bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing practice: red blood cell typing by molecular methods for patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Casas Jessica , Friedman David F. , Jackson Tannoa , Vege Sunitha , Westhoff Connie M. , Chou Stella T. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundExtended red blood cell (RBC) antigen matching is recommended to limit alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). DNA‐based testing to predict blood group phenotypes has enhanced availability of antigen‐negative donor units and improved typing of transfused patients, but replacement of routine serologic typing for non‐ABO antigens with molecular typing for patients has not been reported.Study Designs and MethodsThis study compared the historical RBC antigen phenotypes obtained by hemagglutination methods with genotype predictions in 494 patients with SCD. For discrepant results, repeat serologic testing was performed and/or investigated by gene sequencing for silent or variant alleles.ResultsSeventy‐one typing discrepancies were identified among 6360 antigen comparisons (1.1%). New specimens for repeat serologic testing were obtained for 66 discrepancies and retyping agreed with the genotype in 64 cases. One repeat Jk(b−) serologic phenotype, predicted Jk(b+) by genotype, was found by direct sequencing of JK to be a silenced allele, and one N typing discrepancy remains under investigation. Fifteen false‐negative serologic results were associated with alleles encoding weak antigens or single‐dose Fyb expression.ConclusionsDNA‐based RBC typing provided improved accuracy and expanded information on RBC antigens compared to hemagglutination methods, leading to its implementation as the primary method for extended RBC typing for patients with SCD at our institution.
Presumed primary ocular lymphangiosarcoma with metastasis in a miniature horse
Authors: Gerding Joseph C. , Gilger Brian C. , Montgomery Stephanie A. , Clode Alison B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA 7‐year‐old, 153.0‐kg American Miniature mare presented for evaluation of keratoconjunctivitis of the right eye (OD). A superior palpebral conjunctival mass and stromal keratitis were diagnosed. The incisional biopsy diagnosis was a presumptive corneal hemangiosarcoma. Transpalpebral enucleation was performed, and histopathologic evaluation confirmed angiosarcoma of the conjunctiva, cornea, and extraocular muscles. The horse developed progressive epistaxis and orbital swelling following surgery. A systemic workup was performed 3 months after enucleation, revealing regrowth within the orbit and marked cranial cervical lymphomegaly, suggestive of metastasis. Humane euthanasia was performed, and necropsy confirmed a locally invasive periorbital tumor with metastasis to the submandibular tissue, submandibular lymph node, and thoracic inlet. Histopathologic evaluation of necropsy specimens revealed polygonal to spindle neoplastic cells lining neoplastic vascular channels lacking erythrocytes. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells labeled strongly positive forPROX‐1, vimentin,CD‐31,VEGF, weakly positive for factorVIII‐related antigen, and negative for collagenIV. Based on the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features of this tumor, a primary ocular lymphangiosarcoma with metastasis was diagnosed.
MSCs seeded on bioengineered scaffolds improve skin wound healing in rats
Authors: Formigli Lucia , Paternostro Ferdinando , Tani Alessia , Mirabella Carlo , Quattrini Li Alessandro , Nosi Daniele , D'Asta Federica , Saccardi Riccardo , Mazzanti Benedetta , Lo Russo Giulia , Zecchi‐Orlandini Sandra 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGrowing evidence has shown the promise of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for the treatment of cutaneous wound healing. We have previously demonstrated that MSCs seeded on an artificial dermal matrix, Integra (Integra Lifesciences Corp., Plainsboro, NJ) enriched with platelet‐rich plasma (Ematrix) have enhanced proliferative potential in vitro as compared with those cultured on the scaffold alone. In this study, we extended the experimentation by evaluating the efficacy of the MSCs seeded scaffolds in the healing of skin wounds in an animal model in vivo. It was found that the presence of MSCs within the scaffolds greatly ameliorated the quality of regenerated skin, reduced collagen deposition, enhanced reepithelization, increased neo‐angiogenesis, and promoted a greater return of hair follicles and sebaceous glands. The mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects were likely related to the ability of MSCs to release paracrine factors modulating the wound healing response. MSC‐seeded scaffolds, in fact, up‐regulated matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in the extracellular matrix and enhanced the recruitment of endogenous progenitors during tissue repair. In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence that the treatment with MSC‐seeded scaffolds of cutaneous wounds contributes to the recreation of a suitable microenvironment for promoting tissue repair/regeneration at the implantation sites.
The early evolutionary history of anomaluroid rodents in Africa: new dental remains of a zegdoumyid (Zegdoumyidae, Anomaluroidea) from the Eocene of Tunisia
Authors: Marivaux Laurent , Essid El Mabrouk , Marzougui Wissem , Khayati Ammar Hayet , Merzeraud Gilles , Tabuce Rodolphe , Vianey‐Liaud Monique 
Published: January 2015

The Late Early‐to‐Early Middle Eocene Zegdoumyidae are the oldest representatives of the order Rodentia to be known in Africa thus far. Despite the fragmentary nature of their fossil record, these early African rodents have been central in discussions surrounding the early evolutionary history of the Anomaluroidea clade (the living forms of which are the ‘scaly‐tailed squirrels’, i.e. Anomaluridae). Here, we describe new dental remains attributable to Zegdoumys sbeitlai, a zegdoumyid from Tunisia (Djebel Chambi, CBI‐1) dated at ca 50–45 Ma. The original material referred to this taxon was limited to four teeth documenting few dental loci. The new gathered material comprises practically all dental loci (except P4), thereby allowing a better description and characterization of this taxon. This Tunisian species is clearly distinct from its roughly coeval Algerian counterpart (Z. lavocati) or from the younger species recorded from Namibia (Z. namibiensis). We investigated the phylogenetic positions of Z. sbeitlai and the Zegdoumyidae in a high‐level rodent phylogeny with a cladistic assessment of the dental evidence. Our results show that zegdoumyids represent the earliest offshoots (pectinately arranged) of a large clade that also encompasses the more advanced Eocene anomaluroids (here named Nementchamyidae), the Miocene Nonanomaluridae, and the stem and crown Anomaluridae. In this phylogenetic context, the species of Zegdoumys are the basalmost members of this large Anomaluroidea clade. Zegdoumyid taxa are therefore the oldest stem anomaluroid candidates, a statement which strengthens support for the hypothesis of the great antiquity of the Anomaluroidea clade in Africa. From a historical biogeography perspective, this assumption suggests that anomaluroids invaded Asia from Afro‐Arabia sometime during the Middle Eocene, a dispersal event which was likely concomitant but opposite to the dispersals envisaged for the hystricognathous rodents and anthropoid primates from Asia to Afro‐Arabia.
Coincidence detection in a neural correlate of classical conditioning is initiated by bidirectional 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent kinase‐1 signalling and modulated by adenosine receptors
Authors: Keifer Joyce , Zheng Zhaoqing 
Published: January 2015

Key points
Signalling mechanisms for coincidence detection of paired stimuli during classical conditioning are fundamental for understanding the mechanisms of associative learning.
Bidirectional 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent kinase‐1 (PDK1) activity is signalled by TrkB neurotrophin receptors for paired stimuli and p75NTR for unpaired stimuli.
Adenosine 2A receptors modulate PDK1 responses directly as G proteins and by transactivation of TrkB.
Convergence of protein kinase A and PDK1 activity initiates signalling of paired stimuli during classical conditioning.
AbstractHow the neural substrates for detection of paired stimuli are distinct from unpaired stimuli is poorly understood and a fundamental question for understanding the signalling mechanisms for coincidence detection during associative learning. To address this question, we used a neural correlate of eyeblink classical conditioning in an isolated brainstem from the turtle, in which the cranial nerves are directly stimulated in place of using a tone or airpuff. A bidirectional response is activated in <5 min of training, in which phosphorylated 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent kinase‐1 (p‐PDK1) is increased in response to paired and decreased in response to unpaired nerve stimulation and is mediated by the opposing actions of neurotrophin receptors TrkB and p75NTR. Surprisingly, blockade of adenosine 2A (A2A) receptors inhibits both of these responses. Pairing also induces substantially increased surface expression of TrkB that is inhibited by Src family tyrosine kinase and A2A receptor antagonists. Finally, the acquisition of conditioning is blocked by a PDK1 inhibitor. The unique action of A2A receptors to function directly as G proteins and in receptor transactivation to control distinct TrkB and p75NTR signalling pathways allows for convergent activation of PDK1 and protein kinase A during paired stimulation to initiate classical conditioning.
Opposite effects of anthelmintic treatment on microbial infection at individual versus population scales
Authors: Ezenwa Vanessa O. , Jolles Anna E. 
Published: January 2015

Co-infection complicates treatment
Infections rarely occur in isolation, and treating one pathogen may have unpredictable effects on another. Ezenwa and Jolles, working on wild African buffaloes, expected that because deworming relieves immune suppression, such treatment would lead to a drop in tuberculosis because the animals would clear the second infection without further intervention. Not so. Deworming did improve the lot of parasite-infested individuals, but it also increased the spread of tuberculosis among the population. What apparently happened is that the worm-free buffalo lived longer but stayed infected with tuberculosis and had longer to spread the infection among the herd.

Science
, this issue p.
175
The Rebirth of Culture in Microbiology through the Example of Culturomics To Study Human Gut Microbiota
Authors: Lagier Jean-Christophe , Hugon Perrine , Khelaifia Saber , Fournier Pierre-Edouard , La Scola Bernard , Raoult Didier 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARY
Bacterial culture was the first method used to describe the human microbiota, but this method is considered outdated by many researchers. Metagenomics studies have since been applied to clinical microbiology; however, a “dark matter” of prokaryotes, which corresponds to a hole in our knowledge and includes minority bacterial populations, is not elucidated by these studies. By replicating the natural environment, environmental microbiologists were the first to reduce the “great plate count anomaly,” which corresponds to the difference between microscopic and culture counts. The revolution in bacterial identification also allowed rapid progress. 16S rRNA bacterial identification allowed the accurate identification of new species. Mass spectrometry allowed the high-throughput identification of rare species and the detection of new species. By using these methods and by increasing the number of culture conditions, culturomics allowed the extension of the known human gut repertoire to levels equivalent to those of pyrosequencing. Finally, taxonogenomics strategies became an emerging method for describing new species, associating the genome sequence of the bacteria systematically. We provide a comprehensive review on these topics, demonstrating that both empirical and hypothesis-driven approaches will enable a rapid increase in the identification of the human prokaryote repertoire.
Kingella kingae: Carriage, Transmission, and Disease
Authors: Yagupsky Pablo 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARY

Kingella kingae
is a common etiology of pediatric bacteremia and the leading agent of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children aged 6 to 36 months. This Gram-negative bacterium is carried asymptomatically in the oropharynx and disseminates by close interpersonal contact. The colonized epithelium is the source of bloodstream invasion and dissemination to distant sites, and certain clones show significant association with bacteremia, osteoarthritis, or endocarditis.
Kingella kingae
produces an RTX (repeat-in-toxin) toxin with broad-spectrum cytotoxicity that probably facilitates mucosal colonization and persistence of the organism in the bloodstream and deep body tissues. With the exception of patients with endocardial involvement, children with
K. kingae
diseases often show only mild symptoms and signs, necessitating clinical acumen. The isolation of
K. kingae
on routine solid media is suboptimal, and detection of the bacterium is significantly improved by inoculating exudates into blood culture bottles and the use of PCR-based assays. The organism is generally susceptible to antibiotics that are administered to young patients with joint and bone infections. β-Lactamase production is clonal, and the local prevalence of β-lactamase-producing strains is variable. If adequately and promptly treated, invasive
K. kingae
infections with no endocardial involvement usually run a benign clinical course.
Avian Schistosomes and Outbreaks of Cercarial Dermatitis
Authors: Horák Petr , Mikeš Libor , Lichtenbergová Lucie , Skála Vladimír , Soldánová Miroslava , Brant Sara Vanessa 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYCercarial dermatitis (swimmer's itch) is a condition caused by infective larvae (cercariae) of a species-rich group of mammalian and avian schistosomes. Over the last decade, it has been reported in areas that previously had few or no cases of dermatitis and is thus considered an emerging disease. It is obvious that avian schistosomes are responsible for the majority of reported dermatitis outbreaks around the world, and thus they are the primary focus of this review. Although they infect humans, they do not mature and usually die in the skin. Experimental infections of avian schistosomes in mice show that in previously exposed hosts, there is a strong skin immune reaction that kills the schistosome. However, penetration of larvae into naive mice can result in temporary migration from the skin. This is of particular interest because the worms are able to migrate to different organs, for example, the lungs in the case of visceral schistosomes and the central nervous system in the case of nasal schistosomes. The risk of such migration and accompanying disorders needs to be clarified for humans and animals of interest (e.g., dogs). Herein we compiled the most comprehensive review of the diversity, immunology, and epidemiology of avian schistosomes causing cercarial dermatitis.
Antimicrobial Heteroresistance: an Emerging Field in Need of Clarity
Authors: El-Halfawy Omar M. , Valvano Miguel A. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARY
“Heteroresistance” describes a phenomenon where subpopulations of seemingly isogenic bacteria exhibit a range of susceptibilities to a particular antibiotic. Unfortunately, a lack of standard methods to determine heteroresistance has led to inappropriate use of this term. Heteroresistance has been recognized since at least 1947 and occurs in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Its clinical relevance may be considerable, since more resistant subpopulations may be selected during antimicrobial therapy. However, the use of nonstandard methods to define heteroresistance, which are costly and involve considerable labor and resources, precludes evaluating the clinical magnitude and severity of this phenomenon. We review the available literature on antibiotic heteroresistance and propose recommendations for definitions and determination criteria for heteroresistant bacteria. This will help in assessing the global clinical impact of heteroresistance and developing uniform guidelines for improved therapeutic outcomes.
Norovirus
Authors: Robilotti Elizabeth , Deresinski Stan , Pinsky Benjamin A. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYNorovirus, an RNA virus of the familyCaliciviridae, is a human enteric pathogen that causes substantial morbidity across both health care and community settings. Several factors enhance the transmissibility of norovirus, including the small inoculum required to produce infection (<100 viral particles), prolonged viral shedding, and its ability to survive in the environment. In this review, we describe the basic virology and immunology of noroviruses, the clinical disease resulting from infection and its diagnosis and management, as well as host and pathogen factors that complicate vaccine development. Additionally, we discuss overall epidemiology, infection control strategies, and global reporting efforts aimed at controlling this worldwide cause of acute gastroenteritis. Prompt implementation of infection control measures remains the mainstay of norovirus outbreak management.
Genome Sequence of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Strain YN-1, with Carbapenem Resistance
Authors: Tan Hong-Li , Wang Yong , Cheng Xue-Qin , Huang Yan-Mei , Liu Wei , Zhang Li-Juan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
has been regarded as one of the major challenges among health care-associated infections worldwide. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of an extensively drug-resistant (XDR)
K. pneumoniae
strain isolated in 2013 from Yunnan Province, China.
Complete Genome Sequences of Citrobacter braakii Strains GTA-CB01 and GTA-CB04, Isolated from Ground Beef
Authors: Basra Prabh , Koziol Adam , Wong Alex , Carrillo Catherine D. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Citrobacter braakii
is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the
Enterobacteriaceae
family. Here, we report 5.2- and 5.0-Mb genome assemblies for C. braakii strains GTA-CB01 and GTA-CB04, respectively.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen Yersinia ruckeri Strain SC09, Isolated from Diseased
Ictalurus punctatus
in China
Authors: Wang Kai-yu , Liu Tao , Wang Jun , Chen De-fang , Wu Xue-jing , Jiang Jie , Liu Jia-xing 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Yersinia ruckeri
SC09 is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from a moribund Ictalurus punctatus collected in Jianyang, China. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this microorganism to facilitate the investigation of its pathogenicity and to reevaluate its taxonomic position.
Genome Sequence of a Novel Recombinant Coxsackievirus A6 Strain from Shanghai, China, 2013
Authors: Feng Xiaobo , Guan Wencai , Guo Yifeng , Yu Huiju , Zhang Xiaoling , Cheng Ruhong , Wang Zhen , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Jia , Li Huaguo , Zhuang Yin , Zhang Hui , Lu Zhiyong , Li Ming , Yu Hong , Bao Yixiao , Hu Yunwen , Yao Zhirong 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
A novel recombinant coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) strain was isolated during a coxsackievirus A6 outbreak in Shanghai, China, in 2013. Genomic sequence and similarity plot analysis showed that the novel CVA6 strain shared higher similarity with a recent CVA4 strain rather than the recent CVA6 strain in the 2C and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs).
Draft Genome Sequence of
Acinetobacter
sp. HR7, Isolated from Hanwoo, Korean Native Cattle
Authors: Chang Dong-Ho , Rhee Moon-Soo , Jeong Haeyoung , Kim Seil , Kim Byoung-Chan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter
species have been reported as opportunistic pathogens. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Acinetobacter
sp. HR7 isolated from the rumen of cannulated Korean native cattle (Hanwoo;
Bos taurus
coreanae
).
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp.
plantarum
CC178, a Phyllosphere Bacterium Antagonistic to Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Kim Byung-Yong , Lee Sang-Yeob , Ahn Jae-Hyung , Song Jaekyeong , Kim Wan-Gyu , Weon Hang-Yeon 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
subsp.
plantarum
strain CC178 is a phyllosphere bacterium with antagonistic activity against a wide range of plant fungal pathogens. The genome of strain CC178 is 3,916,828 bp in size and harbors 3,972 genes. Six giant gene clusters are dedicated to the nonribosomal synthesis of antimicrobial polypeptides and polyketides.
Draft Genome Sequences of Six Type Strains of the Genus Streptacidiphilus
Authors: Komaki Hisayuki , Ichikawa Natsuko , Oguchi Akio , Hamada Moriyuki , Tamura Tomohiko , Fujita Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Members of the genus Streptacidiphilus are acidophilic actinomycetes with streptomycete-like features. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of the type strains of
Streptacidiphilus albus
,
Streptacidiphilus anmyonensis
,
Streptacidiphilus carbonis
,
Streptacidiphilus jiangxiensis
,
Streptacidiphilus melanogenes
, and
Streptacidiphilus neutrinimicus
. These genome sequences will serve as valuable references for understanding their taxonomic relationships, genetic characteristics, and potentials for industry.
Sports injuries and illnesses during the European Youth Olympic Festival 2013
Authors: van Beijsterveldt A M C , Thijs K M , Backx F J G , Steffen K , Brozičević V , Stubbe J H 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundThe European Youth Olympic Festival (EYOF) is a biennial sporting event of nine Olympic Summer Sports for talented athletes, aged 13–18 years, from all over Europe.ObjectiveTo analyse the injuries and illnesses that occurred during the multisport event (14–19 July 2013), with the long-term aim of enabling international sports federations, the National Olympic Committees, and the European Olympic Committee to improve protection of athletes’ health in youth.MethodsDaily occurrence or non-occurrence of injuries and illnesses was recorded by using the IOC injury and illness surveillance system for multisport events. All National Olympic Committee physicians and healthcare providers and physicians of the Local Organizing Committee were invited to participate.ResultsIn total, 2272 athletes from 49 countries took part in the EYOF 2013. During the five competition days of EYOF, 207 injuries and 46 illnesses were reported, resulting in an incidence of 91.1 injuries and 20.2 illnesses per 1000 athletes. Almost 10% of the athletes sustained at least one injury or illness.ConclusionsThis study is the first multisport surveillance study on injuries and illnesses during the EYOF or any other summer Games organised for youth elite athletes. The data form the basis for further research on risk factors and injury mechanisms for this cohort. This research is needed to gain more knowledge and finally to implement effective injury and illness prevention measures.