bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seaworthiness and Protecting the Ocean: Maritime Remote Inspection Technologies
Authors: Johansson Tafsir Matin , Pastra Aspasia , Mejia Maximo Q 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
For the purpose of context, this article highlights some of the thorny challenges in relation to deploying remote inspection techniques (RIT) for verifying vessel-seaworthiness adhering to the prescriptive tenets of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982. RIT-interventions offer added value by completing traditional inspection procedures in an expeditious manner. Notwithstanding, the challenges bolster hindrances questioning the trajectory of RIT-led inspections as well as overall innovation in that domain. To address the issue, the article offers a contemporary overview, enabling a limited forensic projection through a comparative analysis of umbrella regulation versus self-regulation for RIT governance. This contribution is intended to enrich the scholarly discourse on technology-based regulatory approaches for improved ocean governance.
The Cost of Neglecting the Sargasso Sea
Authors: Sapsford Fae 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) contains the terms ‘stewardship’ and ‘inherent value’ in reference to the protection of ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Both terms are situated in specific ethical contexts that give rise to different approaches to valuing, and ultimately protecting, ecosystems. The Sargasso Sea Commission is a useful case study for the application of stewardship and inherent value in the protection of ocean ABNJ, as it combines science, ecosystem valuation, and stakeholder engagement to achieve conservation outcomes.
Collaboration in Healthcare: Implications of Data Sharing for Secondary Use in the European Union
Authors: Kertesz Fanni 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The European healthcare sector is transforming toward patient-centred and value-based healthcare delivery. The European Health Data Space (EHDS) Regulation aims to unlock the potential of health data by establishing a single market for its primary and secondary use. This paper examines the legal challenges associated with the secondary use of health data within the EHDS and offers recommendations for improvement. Key issues include the compatibility between the EHDS and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), barriers to cross-border data sharing, and intellectual property concerns. Resolving these challenges is essential for realising the full potential of health data and advancing healthcare research and innovation within the EU.
Global Economic Governance between Deadlock and Informality
Authors: Geck Angela , Rüland Jürgen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Power shifts leading to heightened conflict and negotiation deadlocks, as well as growing institutional fragmentation and informality, constitute major challenges for global economic governance. The three books reviewed in this article provide innovative and unique explanations for these developments, through the lens of Southern countries (Shaffer and Narlikar) as well as the industrialized West (Roger). While the studies by Narlikar and Shaffer highlight changes in the negotiation strategies and the legal capacities of poor countries and emerging powers, Roger develops a theory explaining why economically advanced Western democracies increasingly rely on informal institutions. The article examines how and in what ways the three books complement conventional wisdom in economics, International Political Economy (IPE) and International Relations (IR) literature on global economic governance. It discusses the books’ contributions to the theorizing of global (economic) governance, the advancements towards a Global IR (and IPE), the changing power relations in global economic institutions, the domestic and the transnational dimensions of global economic governance, and the role of informality in the design of global economic fora. The conclusion summarizes the main insights offered about the current crises of multilateralism and delineates avenues for future research.
The Portrayal of Sub-Saharan Migrants in the Moroccan Daily Press: The Cases of Aujourd’hui le Maroc and Assabah
Authors: El Yousfi Younes , El Kirat El Allame Yamina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyse Arabic and French news articles published in the two Moroccan daily newspapers, Aujourd’hui le Maroc and Assabah, from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018, using content analysis. The study addresses three research questions: (1) how does Moroccan media portray sub-Saharan migrants both textually and visually? (2) What type of narratives does Moroccan mainstream media circulate about sub-Saharan migrants? (3) How are sub-Saharan migrants framed by the two newspapers? The study is based on mass communication framing theory. Twenty-five articles were selected for the textual analysis and 12 headline images were chosen for the visual analysis. The content analysis findings revealed five frames: administration, border security, criminality, economic-social integration, and vulnerability and victimisation.
Only the Powerless Pay Tax: A Historical Review of Tax Evasion and Avoidance in Southern Nigeria, 1900–2022
Authors: Afolabi Abiodun S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tax evasion and avoidance have remained fundamental reasons for the gradual pace of development of Nigeria’s economy since the inception of colonial rule. This study examines the issues of tax evasion and avoidance in Nigeria, and the role of the government, the citizens and the enabling laws in the under-development of the Nigerian economy. To present credible evidence around the focus of the research, the study adopts historical research methods considering both secondary sources (textbooks, peer-reviewed journal articles and newspaper reports) and primary sources (archival materials and oral interviews). The eventual findings of the paper indicate that some Nigerian groups frequently avoid paying their proportionate share of tax. The paper further finds that although tax reduction can help to reduce the incidence of tax evasion, resource-poor people frequently pay higher taxes than the wealthy, who commonly find ways to avoid paying their fair share of taxes; and also that tax officials manipulate tax rates in favour of rich clients. The study therefore concludes that tax evasion and avoidance will be mitigated if policymakers ensure that taxation is less arbitrary and burdensome.
How Russia’s Presence in Africa Is Impacting the West
Authors: Waliyullahi Abimbola Damilola , Ademuyiwa Akin , Olusola Omotade Kayode , Oluwafemi Adeola 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article explores Russia’s influence in Africa, which poses a significant challenge to the West. In recent years, Moscow has gained momentum on the continent, becoming a formidable rival to Western powers. It has formed strategic alliances with key African nations, solidifying its foothold. Many African countries now see Russia as an alternative to Western partners. To establish this influence, Moscow prioritises military and economic partnerships, offering trade, investments and security assistance in exchange for political support. The West has been slow to respond, either preoccupied with domestic issues or disengaged from Africa, allowing Russia to gain the upper hand. The implications of Russia’s African influence are far-reaching, posing a significant challenge to Western interests. This situation could escalate geopolitical tensions and potentially lead to conflict with the West. We aim to explore Russia’s motives and its impacts on African nations, shedding light on how they affect Western interests.
Cryptocurrencies and Virtual Assets in Mauritius: A Critical Assessment of the Legal Framework
Authors: Mahadew Bhavna , Anben Mauree Saravanen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The goal of this study on the legal framework for virtual assets in Mauritius is to find any gaps in the legislation, come up with solutions to close such gaps, and improve the existing legal framework for virtual assets. The article concentrates on the provisions of the Virtual Asset and Initial Token Offering Services (vaitos) Act 2021, which seeks to control the market for cryptocurrencies and other virtual assets in Mauritius. Selected countries were studied in order to discover the various techniques used with regard to regulatory challenges. Although Mauritius passed a comprehensive law on the issue, we find that the Financial Services Commission, the country’s regulatory authority, lacks the necessary tools to effectively oversee cryptocurrencies and other virtual assets. The integration of virtual asset services with African nations is also lacking.
Agrobiodiversity Use for Better Diet Quality: A Community-Based, Participatory Approach Case from Western Kenya
Authors: Boedecker Julia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Small-scale farmers in sub-Saharan Africa face malnutrition and a low level of dietary diversity despite often living in areas endowed with high agrobiodiversity. In Western Kenya (Vihiga County), malnutrition occurs despite it being a highly biodiverse area with several options for diversifying diets. The main purpose of this thesis is to assess the potential of biodiversity to improve diet quality in a sample from Vihiga County1. We approached this objective using a variety of indicators which were retrieved by (i) a correlation study on the association of agrobiodiversity with diet quality, (ii) an intervention study on the effectiveness of a participatory approach to improving diet quality through agrobiodiversity use, (iii) a qualitative study following up on the intervention study by exploring pathways to improving diets and (iv) a literature review on dietary assessment methods for neglected underutilised species (nus). This thesis highlights the importance of studying the full scope of agrobiodiversity, including on-farm biodiversity, food consumption, perceptions and pathways to diverse diets. Nutrition must be seen in the context of ecosystems that determine our agriculture and nutrition in the long term. The transition to more sustainable and equitable food systems requires greater participation from the people who produce our food and nurture biodiversity.
Towards the International Unification of Maritime Law on Recognition and Enforcement of Judicial Sales of Ships
Authors: Zournatzi Christina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted on 7 December 2022 the ‘United Nations Convention on the International Effects of Judicial Sales of Ships’ known as the ‘Beijing Convention on the Judicial Sales of Ships’. The European Union as Regional Economic Integration Organization signed the Convention in New York on 14th March 2024. In recent years the need to have an instrument that establish generally accepted rules on foreign judicial sales of ships and its international recognition has become essential, as there was no domestic or international law on this specific subject. National barriers of a procedural nature between the States left room for legal uncertainty on the amount of sale proceeds that could be achieved for a ship at a judicial sale. In this paper is emphasised how the need for a close harmonisation between the applicable laws has brought to the adoption of the Convention on international recognition of foreign judicial sales of ships in a way which provides clarity and resolves the issues identified to date. This paper includes a comparative overview of selected national frameworks and international instruments on the judicial sale of ships.
Cultivating Belonging for Self and Others in Learning Spaces During the Pandemic
Authors: Borkoski Carey , Roos Brianne , Naidoo Keshrie , Mitchell Lisa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When people belong, they feel valued and respected as their authentic selves. Belonging can occur individually, as in belonging to oneself, and in groups, where people belong among others. Belonging to both self and others contributes to feelings of security and safety, and belonging is related to students’ success in school. This study sought to explore the lived experiences of belonging in education during the covid-19 pandemic. Professionals in education, including faculty and administrators in K-12 and higher education, non-profit leaders, and parents, were guests on a podcast about belonging, which used a semi-structured interview approach. The episodes, which yielded rich qualitative data collected in real-time as the pandemic progressed, were transcribed, and systematically analyzed using three cycles of inductive coding. Participants described belonging as fundamental and critical to development, and they shared how they prioritized and fostered belonging in their varied learning spaces. The four categories that emerged from the study, definition of belonging, concerted effort, person-centered, and tools of belonging, connect to tell the story of participants’ experiences of belonging in education through the pandemic, and offer theoretical and practical insights about the intentional cultivation of belonging.
Passive Tracer Dispersion by Idealized Flows across Rossby Numbers
Authors: Sirohi Madhav , Thomas Jim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, we compare and contrast the phenomenological changes in passive tracer dispersion at asymptotically small to O(1) Rossby numbers using idealized two-dimensional flows generated by a two-vertical-mode model. With increasing flow Rossby numbers, we find that the forward flux of tracer variance increases monotonically and the tracer variance spectra show severe depletion of the tracer field, indicating enhanced stirring of the tracer by higher Rossby number flows. On examining the physical structure of the tracer flux and its connection to strain- and vorticity-dominant regions in the flow, we find that a major share of the tracer flux is located in high-shear, strain-dominant regions between coherent vortices at low Rossby numbers, while at higher Rossby numbers, the tracer flux is primarily located in vorticity-dominant regions that are composed of fragmented bits of vorticity. The tracer field is anticorrelated with the tracer flux, i.e., tracer variance is higher in physical regions where tracer flux is lower and vice versa. Our results highlight multiple anisotropic features of submesoscales that enhance tracer dispersion at O(1) Rossby numbers and emphasize the need to take these into account while developing parameterizations for large-scale models.
A Comparison of Thunderstorm Identification Methods
Authors: Shield Stephen A. , Houston Adam L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Climatological analysis of thunderstorm occurrence is important since thunderstorms have far-reaching societal impacts. Historically, the majority of thunderstorm-related climatologies have focused on Eulerian frames of reference resulting in thunderstorm day or lightning density summaries. However, a Lagrangian frame of reference is required to answer more in-depth questions such as spatial distribution and variability in thunderstorm initiation. Lagrangian approaches generally utilize object identification and tracking algorithms with tracks then classified as being a thunderstorm or not. Prior methods for thunderstorm identification have been based on classification criteria such as radar reflectivity thresholds, a combination of radar reflectivity thresholds and temporal longevity thresholds, or a combination of radar reflectivity and cloud-to-ground lightning occurrence. However, a comparison of different methods and an evaluation of their accuracy have not been documented in the peer-reviewed literature. This study examines the impact of thunderstorm identification methodology choice. Differences in three thunderstorm identification methodologies are examined over the central plains of the United States during an 11-yr study period. Results show that there is a sensitivity to methodological choice with differences in the number of candidate thunderstorms classified as thunderstorms, as well as the resulting spatial pattern of thunderstorms. Additionally, this study provides insight into the accuracy of each method via a multiyear comparison of each method to regional lightning mapping array total lightning detections where significant differences were observed between methods with the method incorporating cloud-to-ground lightning data providing the best performance metrics.

Significance Statement
Previous research has utilized a variety of criteria to identify thunderstorms in order to generate datasets of thunderstorm occurrence. This study directly compares commonly used criteria, demonstrating that the choice of thunderstorm identification criteria impacts the composition and accuracy of resulting datasets of thunderstorm occurrence.
Dynamic Evolution Analysis of Cryptocurrency Market: A Network Science Study
Authors: Mardan Maziar , Khosravipour Ida 
Published: August 2024

In this article, network analysis has been employed to study the dynamic evolution of the cryptocurrency market from 1 January 2020 to 1 January 2024. This approach facilitates an in-depth exploration of the market’s response to several major events during this period, including the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the bankruptcy of FTX, one of the largest cryptocurrency exchanges. The study focuses on analysing key network characteristics of the cryptocurrency market, namely: (a) degree centrality, (b) betweenness centrality, (c) clustering coefficient and (d) average path length. Additionally, we explore the co-movements within the market, categorising cryptocurrencies into functional groups for a comparative analysis. This approach enables us to examine shifts in the cryptocurrency network topology, providing insights into how different groups of cryptocurrencies interact with and influence each other. Through this network analysis, we aim to shed light on the intricate interrelationships among cryptocurrencies. The findings of this study are intended to provide investors with valuable insights, potentially guiding the development of more informed and strategic diversification strategies in the dynamic and evolving landscape of the cryptocurrency market. JEL Codes: G11, G12, D85
Enhanced performance of recycled polyethylene-integrated trilayer low-density polyethylene/linear low-density polyethylene heat-shrink films for brick packaging: A comprehensive study
Authors: Daoudi Hamza , Semlali Fatima-Zahra , Kassab Zineb , Ablouh El-Houssaine , Sadek Mohammed , Achaby Mounir EL 
Published: August 2024

Recycling is a waste-management method, but it may also be considered as one modern example of putting the notion of industrial ecology into practice, whereas in a natural ecosystem, waste is absent and only products are occurring. Therefore, this study engaged within the identical framework which concerns investigating recycled plastic granulates that came from non-compliant polyethylene (PE) products as industrial waste and their reinsertion into the production lines of a trilayered heat shrink film. Firstly, the investigation started with the attribution of 2 types of recycled polyethylene (RPE1 and RPE2) then each type of these granulates was added to the trilayered film’s core layer. Whereby the preparation of two witness samples and targeting four weight charges of RPE substitution (10, 30, 50, and 70 wt%), respectively, for RPE1 and RPE2. The as-produced specimens were then examined for their behaviour during the blow film extrusion process. Dynamomechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus at machine direction (MD), were improved significantly from 173 MPa to 200 MPa by adding 50 wt% of RPE to the core layer correlated with increased shrinkability from 74 to 80%, as well as the colour appearance of the finished product has been evaluated. Nonetheless, these samples have been exposed to accelerated weathering and re-evaluated mechanically. It was found that the coupling between the RPE and virgin PE has resulted in an accelerated degradation effect on the dynamomechanical of the aged trilayered film.
Factors influencing use of eHealth services during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Katsaliaki Korina 
Published: August 2024

Objectives The rapid advancement of information and communication technologies has made eHealth applications increasingly available and accessible. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need for remote health service provision. This research aims to explore the usage, perceptions, and knowledge of eHealth interventions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2021 (during the pandemic) and 2023 (post-pandemic) using a structured questionnaire based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS). The survey, conducted in Greece, included 638 participants in total (277 in 2021 and 361 in 2023). Structural equation modeling was employed to assess the factors influencing eHealth adoption. Results The findings indicate a slight increase in positive perceptions of eHealth usefulness, intention to use, and actual usage over the 2 years. However, concerns remain regarding the ease of use and eHealth literacy. eHealth literacy significantly predicts the perceived usefulness and ease of use of eHealth services, both of which predict the intention to use them. Additionally, higher education levels are positively associated with eHealth literacy, while older age is negatively associated with ease of use. Gender did not significantly impact these factors. These findings were consistent across both surveys. Conclusions Policy-makers should focus on simplifying eHealth services, removing technical barriers, and enhancing the population’s eHealth literacy to promote wider adoption of eHealth services.