bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЯПОНЫ ДИПЛОМАТ АЛБА
Authors: Myagmardorj P 
Published: January 2015

Японы дипломат ажиллагаа нь Япон улс МЭ-ний 607 онд Хятадын Сүй улсад анхны элчин сайдаа илгээснээр эхэлсэн хэмээн түүхэн судар бичигт тэмдэглэн үлдсэн байдаг. Мөн тухайн үеийн Хятадын Сүй болон Тан улсад Японоос элч төлөөлөгчид явуулж байсан ажээ. Харин 894 оноос хойш Японоос элч төлөөлөгчдийг Тан улс руу явуулахыг зогсоосноос эх газрын соёл Японд нэвтрэн ирэх явдал нь хумигдав. Үүнээс хойш олон зууны турш Япон улс идэвхитэй гадаад харилцаа явуулалгүйгээр дундад зууны сүүл үе хүрчээTitle: Japanese Diplomat service DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i1.380
Debt and Taxes: Marginal Tax Rate Changes, Capital Structure, and Innovative Activity in the Biotechnology Sector
Authors: Skrepnek Grant H , Thompson T. Corbin , Johnson Eric J. 
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the association between changes in corporate marginal tax rates (MTRs) and measures of both innovative activity and capital structure among publicly-traded biotechnology firms.Â Across a 1980-2010 time frame, a five-year distributed Almon lag model was utilized to assess the effect of annual changes in MTRs upon patenting activity, research and development (R&D) expenditures, cash and short-term investments, debt-to-asset ratios, and debt-to-equity ratios.Â Across the 99 biotech firms studied, results suggested that increases in MTRs were significantly associated with marked decreases in patents, R&D expenditures, and cash and other short-term investments.Â Additionally, large and statistically significant increases in both debt-to-asset and debt-to-equity ratios were observed with annual increases in MTRs.Â While this research can not necessarily discern whether capital structure changes occurred either as an ex-ante response to or an ex-post result of MTR increases, the implication of decreased patenting activity warrants continued evaluations of both internal financial decision making and external tax policy.
Causes for the discards of corneas collected by the ocular tissues bank from Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Freire Izaura Luzia Silvério , Araújo Rhayssa de Oliveira e , Vasconcelos Quinidia Lúcia Duarte de A. Q. de , Dantas Bruno Araújo da Silva , Silva Micheline da Fonseca , Torres Gilson de Vasconcelos 
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Identificar as causas dos descartes de córneas no banco de tecidos oculares do Rio Grande do Norte. Métodos: Estudo exploratório descritivo, com dados retrospectivos e abordagem quantitativa, realizado no banco de tecidos oculares do Rio Grande do Norte. As informações foram coletadas por meio de instrumento contendo: número de córneas preservadas, transplantadas e descartadas; causas dos descartes. Resultados: Das 548 córneas captadas, 78,1% foram preservadas e 21,9% descartadas. As causas prevalentes dos descartes foram: infiltrado estromal, sorologia positiva e validade inspirada. Conclusão: Os profissionais da saúde devem diminuir a perda de córneas por motivos evitáveis. Descritores: Transplante de córnea; doadores de tecidos; preservação de tecido.
Mental health practices in the family health strategy: an exploratory study
Authors: Lima Martins Álissan Karine , Souza Ângela Maria Alves e , Vieira Neiva Francenely Cunha , Pinheiro Patrícia Neyva da Costa , Braga Violante Augusta Batista 
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Conhecer os procedimentos, as ações e condutas adotadas em saúde mental no âmbito da atenção básica. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa exploratória desenvolvida com duas equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, em Juazeiro do Norte–CE, entre maio e junho/2009, através da observação não participante e de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Estudo aprovado pelo CEP da UFC, CAAE N° 16/09. Resultados: As ações voltadas à saúde mental relacionam-se à prescrição de psicotrópicos, ao encaminhamento de casos ao ambulatório e às visitas domiciliárias realizadas pelos agentes comunitários de saúde. O Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família assume papel tímido, com consultas individuais e poucas atividades em grupo. Conclusões: Observou-se nas práticas dos profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família o predomínio de procedimentos de cuidado sob uma visão reduzida de saúde, com enfoque no indivíduo e no agravo, distinguindo-se das propostas de cuidado integral e coletivo conforme modelo de atenção comunitária.
Suffering and precariousness at work in nursing
Authors: Souza Marilei de Melo Tavares , Passos Joanir Pereira , Tavares Claudia Mara de Melo 
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: O presente ensaio tórico visa analisar o trabalho de enfermagem em sua dupla face: a que produz prazer, porque permite criar e transformar a realidade, e, nas sociedades capitalistas, a que produz sofrimento, porque limita as possibilidades humanas de escolha, criação e prazer. Método: Utiliza-se uma perspectiva crítica e reflexiva tórica sobre o que há de específico no trabalho de cuidar em enfermagem.Resultados: De forma geral, os trabalhadores têm suas possibilidades constrangidas pelo modo de produção capitalista, especialmente os do setor privado, também é verdade que o trabalho em enfermagem tem suas especificidades. O ato de cuidar é inseparável do seu consumo por usuários dos serviços de saúde. Conclusão:As contradições e dificuldades que permeiam o processo de trabalho em enfermagem na contemporaneidade, sejam compreendidas como parte de um contexto maior em que se insere o mundo do trabalho hoje. Para compreendermos a precarização do trabalho na enfermagem.
Submarine record of volcanic island construction and collapse in the Lesser Antilles arc: First scientific drilling of submarine volcanic island landslides by IODPExpedition 340
Authors: Le Friant A. , Ishizuka O. , Boudon G. , Palmer M. R. , Talling P. J. , Villemant B. , Adachi T. , Aljahdali M. , Breitkreuz C. , Brunet M. , Caron B. , Coussens M. , Deplus C. , Endo D. , Feuillet N. , Fraas A. J. , Fujinawa A. , Hart M. B. , Hatfield R. G. , Hornbach M. , Jutzeler M. , Kataoka K. S. , Komorowski J.‐C. , Lebas E. , Lafuerza S. , Maeno F. , Manga M. , Martínez‐Colón M. , McCanta M. , Morgan S. , Saito T. , Slagle A. , Sparks S. , Stinton A. , Stroncik N. , Subramanyam K. S. V. , Tamura Y. , Trofimovs J. , Voight B. , Wall‐Palmer D. , Wang F. , Watt S. F. L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIODP Expedition 340 successfully drilled a series of sites offshore Montserrat, Martinique and Dominica in the Lesser Antilles from March to April 2012. These are among the few drill sites gathered around volcanic islands, and the first scientific drilling of large and likely tsunamigenic volcanic island‐arc landslide deposits. These cores provide evidence and tests of previous hypotheses for the composition and origin of those deposits. Sites U1394, U1399, and U1400 that penetrated landslide deposits recovered exclusively seafloor sediment, comprising mainly turbidites and hemipelagic deposits, and lacked debris avalanche deposits. This supports the concepts that i/ volcanic debris avalanches tend to stop at the slope break, and ii/ widespread and voluminous failures of preexisting low‐gradient seafloor sediment can be triggered by initial emplacement of material from the volcano. Offshore Martinique (U1399 and 1400), the landslide deposits comprised blocks of parallel strata that were tilted or microfaulted, sometimes separated by intervals of homogenized sediment (intense shearing), while Site U1394 offshore Montserrat penetrated a flat‐lying block of intact strata. The most likely mechanism for generating these large‐scale seafloor sediment failures appears to be propagation of a decollement from proximal areas loaded and incised by a volcanic debris avalanche. These results have implications for the magnitude of tsunami generation. Under some conditions, volcanic island landslide deposits composed of mainly seafloor sediment will tend to form smaller magnitude tsunamis than equivalent volumes of subaerial block‐rich mass flows rapidly entering water. Expedition 340 also successfully drilled sites to access the undisturbed record of eruption fallout layers intercalated with marine sediment which provide an outstanding high‐resolution data set to analyze eruption and landslides cycles, improve understanding of magmatic evolution as well as offshore sedimentation processes.
Atlantic Ocean circulation changes preceded millennial tropical South America rainfall events during the last glacial
Authors: Burckel Pierre , Waelbroeck Claire , Gherardi Jeanne Marie , Pichat Sylvain , Arz Helge , Lippold Joerg , Dokken Trond , Thil François 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDuring the last glacial period, Greenland's climate shifted between cold (stadial) and warm (interstadial) phases that were accompanied by ocean circulation changes characterized by reduced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during stadials. Here we present new data from the western tropical Atlantic demonstrating that AMOC slowdowns preceded some of the large South American rainfall events that took place during stadials. Based on 231Pa/230Th and Ti/Ca measurements in the same sediment core, we determine that the AMOC started to slowdown 1420 ± 250 and 690 ± 180 (1σ) years before the onset of two large precipitation events associated with Heinrich stadials. Our results bring unprecedented evidence that AMOC changes could be at the origin of the large precipitation events observed in tropical South America during Heinrich stadials. In addition, we propose a mechanism explaining the differences in the extent and timing of AMOC slowdowns associated with shorter and longer stadials.
Compressive Earth observatory: An insight from AIRS/AMSU retrievals
Authors: Ebtehaj Ardeshir M. , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi , Lerman Gilad , Bras Rafael L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate that the global fields of temperature, humidity, and geopotential heights admit a nearly sparse representation in the wavelet domain, offering a viable path forward to explore new paradigms of sparsity‐promoting data assimilation and compressive recovery of land surface‐atmospheric states from space. We illustrate this idea using retrieval products of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on board the Aqua satellite. The results reveal that the sparsity of the fields of temperature is relatively pressure independent, while atmospheric humidity and geopotential heights are typically sparser at lower and higher pressure levels, respectively. We provide evidence that these land‐atmospheric states can be accurately estimated using a small set of measurements by taking advantage of their sparsity prior.
Tidal mixing processes amid small‐scale, deep‐ocean topography
Authors: Dale Andrew C. , Inall Mark E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe nature of tide‐topography interaction reflects the topographic scales experienced by water parcels during their tidal excursions. In the deep ocean these scales are typically subkilometer, yet direct observations of tidal processes on such scales are lacking. At one site, a saddle amid steep and complex Mid‐Atlantic Ridge topography, observations reveal tidally pulsed, bottom‐trapped fronts, overflows, and lee waves in response to a tide combined with a mean flow of similar amplitude. The tidal pulsing of the fronts and overflows was only evident locally, and their phase became unpredictable over scales of hundreds of meters. Enhanced turbulence in a 100–200 m thick bottom boundary layer had an estimated dissipation rate of 2.6 × 10−2 W m−2, exceeding the large‐scale average of tidal dissipation in mid‐ocean ridge environments but by less than an order of magnitude. This site was not a dissipation “hotspot,” and the processes observed could provide widely distributed mixing to the meridional overturning circulation.
Bacteria‐driven production of alkyl nitrates in seawater
Authors: Kim Michelle J. , Michaud Jennifer M. , Williams Renee , Sherwood Byron Pedler , Pomeroy Robert , Azam Farooq , Burkart Michael , Bertram Timothy H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAircraft‐ and ship‐borne measurements have shown that the ocean is a large, diffuse source for short chain (C1–C3) gas phase alkyl nitrates (RONO2). Photochemical production of RONO2 has been demonstrated previously as a viable mechanism in surface waters; however, it cannot account for the observed depth profile of RONO2, suggesting an additional, dark RONO2 production mechanism. We present measurements of gas phase C1–C5 alkyl nitrates emitted from seawater in a controlled mesocosm experiment conducted under low‐light conditions in a glass‐walled wave channel. Ethyl and butyl nitrate emission rates from seawater are strongly correlated with the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria (R2 ≥ 0.89) and show no correlation to chlorophyll a concentration. Controlled flask experiments conducted using ambient and sterile seawater, inoculated with a heterotrophic bacterium, confirm that bacterial driven production of select RONO2 can proceed efficiently in the absence of light.
Ocean acidification along the 24.5°N section in the subtropical North Atlantic
Authors: Guallart Elisa F. , Fajar Noelia M. , Padín Xose Antonio , Vázquez‐Rodríguez Marcos , Calvo Eva , Ríos Aida F. , Hernández‐Guerra Alonso , Pelejero Carles , Pérez Fiz F. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOcean acidification is directly related to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels due to human activities and the active role of the global ocean in absorbing part of this anthropogenic CO2. Here we present an assessment of the pH changes that have occurred along 24.5°N in the subtropical North Atlantic through comparison of pH observations conducted in 1992 and 2011. It reveals an overall decline in pH values in the first 1000 dbar of the water column. The deconvolution of the temporal pH differences into anthropogenic and nonanthropogenic components reveals that natural variability, mostly owed to a decrease in oxygen levels in particular regions of the section, explains the vertical distribution of the larger pH decreases (up to −0.05 pH units), which are found within the permanent thermocline. The detection of long‐term trends in dissolved oxygen in the studied region gains importance for future pH projections, as these changes modulate the anthropogenically derived acidification. The anthropogenic forcing explains significant acidification deeper than 1000 dbar in the western basin, within the Deep Western Boundary Current.
Longitudinal variations of the nighttime E layer electron density in the auroral zone
Authors: Luan Xiaoli , Wang Wenbin , Dou Xiankang , Burns Alan , Yue Xinan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLongitudinal variations of the nighttime E layer electron density (21:00–03:00 magnetic local time) in the auroral zone are investigated, and their sources are discussed in terms of auroral precipitation and solar radiation. The electron density data used in this study are retrieved from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate radio occultation observations during 2006–2009 under quiet geomagnetic activity (Kp ≤ 3) and solar minimum conditions. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the nighttime E layer electron density had pronounced longitudinal variations in the auroral zone. These variations depended on season and had large hemispheric asymmetry for all seasons. In winter, relatively larger electron density was located in 120–310° magnetic longitude (MLON) in the northern hemisphere and in 170–360° MLON in the southern hemisphere, and greater maximum density occurred in the northern hemisphere than in the southern one. In summer and equinox, the longitudinal asymmetry was greater in the southern hemisphere. (2) The peaks of the E layer electron density along latitude generally occurred between 65° and 70° magnetic latitude in the auroral zone in all seasons for both hemispheres except for the sunlit sector of the southern summer. (3) The greater electron density in local winter in the auroral zone was generally associated with the more intense auroral precipitation intensity at roughly the same longitude, whereas the longitudinal patterns of the electron density were under the combined impact of both auroral precipitation and solar radiation in the local summer and equinoxes.
Observations of ionospheric F layer quadruple stratification near equatorial region
Authors: Tardelli A. , Fagundes P. R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper presents and discusses the occurrence of F layer quadruple stratification (StF‐1, StF‐2, StF‐3, and StF‐4) during southern hemisphere winter season (June, July, and August 2002) and high solar activity condition, which was observed at Palmas (10.3°S, 48.3°W; dip latitude 5.5°S—near equatorial region), Brazilian sector. This is the first time that the formation of F layer quadruple stratification (StF‐1, StF‐2, StF‐3, and StF‐4) has been reported in the South American sector. The StF‐4 has a short lifetime compared with triple stratification/F3 layer, and it is antecedent and followed by triple/F3 layer stratification.
Vibrational modes of hydraulic fractures: Inference of fracture geometry from resonant frequencies and attenuation
Authors: Lipovsky Bradley P. , Dunham Eric M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOscillatory seismic signals arising from resonant vibrations of hydraulic fractures are observed in many geologic systems, including volcanoes, glaciers and ice sheets, and hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs. To better quantify the physical dimensions of fluid‐filled cracks and properties of the fluids within them, we study wave motion along a thin hydraulic fracture waveguide. We present a linearized analysis, valid at wavelengths greater than the fracture aperture, that accounts for quasi‐static elastic deformation of the fracture walls, as well as fluid viscosity, inertia, and compressibility. In the long‐wavelength limit, anomalously dispersed guided waves known as crack or Krauklis waves propagate with restoring force from fracture wall elasticity. At shorter wavelengths, the waves become sound waves within the fluid channel. Wave attenuation in our model is due to fluid viscosity, rather than seismic radiation from crack tips or fracture wall roughness. We characterize viscous damping at both low frequencies, where the flow is always fully developed, and at high frequencies, where the flow has a nearly constant velocity profile away from viscous boundary layers near the fracture walls. Most observable seismic signals from resonating fractures likely arise in the boundary layer crack wave limit, where fluid‐solid coupling is pronounced and attenuation is minimal. We present a method to estimate the aperture and length of a resonating hydraulic fracture using both the seismically observed quality factor and characteristic frequency. Finally, we develop scaling relations between seismic moment and characteristic frequency that might be useful when interpreting the statistics of hydraulic fracture events.
Human ecodynamics in the Mangareva Islands: a stratified sequence from Nenega‐Iti Rock Shelter (site AGA‐3, Agakauitai Island)
Authors: Kirch Patrick V. , Molle Guillaume , Nickelsen Cordelia , Mills Peter , Dotte‐Sarout Emilie , Swift Jillian , Wolfe Allison , Horrocks Mark 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Gambier Islands (French Polynesia) are noted for their extreme deforestation and low biodiversity in the post‐European contact period. We report on the archaeological and palaeoecological investigation of a stratified rock shelter (site AGA‐3) on Agakauitai Island, revealing a sequence of environmental transformation following Polynesian colonisation of the archipelago. Radiocarbon dates indicate use of the rock shelter from the 13th to the mid‐17th centuries, followed by a sterile depositional hiatus, and then final early post‐contact use (late 18th to early 19th century). Zooarchaeological analysis of faunal remains indicates rapid declines in local populations of seabirds, especially procellariids, as well as later increases in numbers of the introduced, commensal Pacific rat (Rattus exulans). Macro‐ and micro‐botanical evidence documents transformation of the island's flora from indigenous forest to one dominated by economic plants and fire‐resistant taxa. A multi‐causal model of dynamic interactions, including nutrient depletion due to seabird loss, most likely accounts for this dramatic ecological transformation.
Constitutive expression of McCHIT1–PAT enhances resistance to rice blast and herbicide, but does not affect grain yield in transgenic glutinous rice
Authors: Zeng Xiao‐Fang , Li Lei , Li Jian‐Rong , Zhao De‐Gang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTo produce new rice blast‐ and herbicide‐resistant transgenic rice lines, the McCHIT1 gene encoding the class I chitinase from Momordica charantia and the herbicide resistance gene PAT were introduced into Lailong (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Japonica), a glutinous local rice variety from Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China. Transgenic lines were identified by ß‐glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical staining, PCR, and Southern blot analyses. Agronomic traits, resistance to rice blast and herbicide, chitinase activities, and transcript levels of McCHIT1 were assessed in the T2 progeny of three transgenic lines (L1, L8, and L10). The results showed that the introduction of McCHIT1–PAT into Lailong significantly enhanced herbicide and blast resistance. After infection with the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, all of the T2 progeny exhibited less severe lesion symptoms than those of wild type. The disease indices were 100% for wild type, 65.66% for T2 transgenic line L1, 59.69% for T2 transgenic line L8, and 79.80% for T2 transgenic line L10. Transgenic lines expressing McCHIT1–PAT did not show a significant difference from wild type in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the leaves. However, after inoculation with M. oryzae, transgenic plants showed significantly higher SOD and PPO activities and lower MDA contents in leaves, compared with those in wild‐type leaves. The transgenic and the wild‐type plants did not show significant differences in grain yield parameters including plant height, panicles per plant, seeds per panicle, and 1000‐grain weight. Therefore, the transgenic plants showed increased herbicide and blast resistance, with no yield penalty.