bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investing in health: is social housing value for money? A cost-utility analysis
Authors: Lawson K D , Kearns A , Petticrew M , Fenwick E A L 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThere is a healthy public policy agenda investigating the health impacts of improving living conditions. However, there are few economic evaluations, to date, assessing value for money. We conducted the first cost-effectiveness analysis of a nationwide intervention transferring social and private tenants to new-build social housing, in Scotland.MethodsA quasi-experimental prospective study was undertaken involving 205 intervention households and 246 comparison households, over 2 years. A cost-utility analysis assessed the average cost per change in health utility (a single score summarising overall health-related quality of life), generated via the SF-6D algorithm. Construction costs for new builds were included. Analysis was conducted for all households, and by family, adult and elderly households; with estimates adjusted for baseline confounders. Outcomes were annuitised and discounted at 3.5%.ResultsThe average discounted cost was £18 708 per household, at a national programme cost of £28.4 million. The average change in health utility scores in the intervention group attributable to the intervention were +0.001 for all households, +0.001 for family households, −0.04 for adult households and −0.03 for elderly households. All estimates were statistically insignificant.ConclusionsAt face value, the interventions were not value for money in health terms. However, because the policy rationale was the amenity provision of housing for disadvantaged groups, impacts extend beyond health and may be fully realised over the long term. Before making general value-for-money inferences, economic evaluation should attempt to estimate the full social value of interventions, model long-term impacts and explicitly incorporate equity considerations.
Alcohol-related mortality in deprived UK cities: worrying trends in young women challenge recent national downward trends
Authors: Shipton Deborah , Whyte Bruce , Walsh David 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundGlasgow, the largest city in Scotland, has high levels of deprivation and a poor-health profile compared with other parts of Europe, which cannot be fully explained by the high levels of deprivation. The ‘excess’ premature mortality in Glasgow is now largely attributable to deaths from alcohol, drugs, suicide and violence.MethodsAlcohol-related mortality in Glasgow from 1980 to 2011 was examined relative to the equally deprived UK cities of Manchester and Liverpool with the aim of identifying differences across the cities, with respect to gender, age and birth cohort, that could help explain the ‘excess’ mortality in Glasgow.ResultsIn the 1980s, alcohol-related mortality in Glasgow was three times higher than in Manchester and Liverpool. Alcohol-related mortality increased in all three cities over the subsequent three decades, but a sharp rise in deaths in the early 1990s was unique to Glasgow. The increase in numbers of deaths in Glasgow was greater than in Manchester and Liverpool, but there was little difference in the pattern of alcohol-related deaths, by sex or birth cohort that could explain the excess mortality in Glasgow. The recent modest decrease in alcohol-related mortality was largely experienced by all birth cohorts, with the notable exception of the younger cohort (born between 1970 and 1979): women in this cohort across all three cities experienced disproportionate increases in alcohol-related mortality.ConclusionsIt is imperative that this early warning sign in young women in the UK is acted on if deaths from alcohol are to reduce in the long term.
Dental treatment on a German warship during a three-month deployment
Authors: von Wilmowsky Cornelius , Kiesewetter M R , Moest T 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionDespite routine dental screenings and treatments before military deployments, dental emergencies may arise due to acute infections, trauma or failed restorations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dental service during a three-month deployment on a German warship.MethodsA retrospective analysis of dental attendances and treatments in a German naval task group of three ships with an average total of 650 soldiers. Diagnosis, treatments performed, percentage of emergencies, routine procedures and numbers of appointments were recorded.ResultsOut of 650 soldiers, there were 71 patients (10.92%) with a mean age of 25.1±5.3 years. Out of 136 treatments, 17.65% were for emergency treatment, which is equivalent to 3.69% of all servicemen of the task group. Combining the reasons for dental emergencies, 95.84% were caused by caries.ConclusionsThe pre-screening of sailors before an overseas deployment is necessary to avoid severe dental treatments. Caries remains the main cause for dental emergencies, and medical doctors should be trained to treat caries lesions if a dentist is not on board.
A modern combat trauma
Authors: Popivanov Georgi , Mutafchiyski V M , Belokonski E I , Parashkevov A B , Koutin G L 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionThe world remains plagued by wars and terrorist attacks, and improvised explosive devices (IED) are the main weapons of our current enemies, causing almost two-thirds of all combat injuries. We wished to analyse the pattern of blast trauma on the modern battlefield and to compare it with combat gunshot injuries.Materials and methodsAnalysis of a consecutive series of combat trauma patients presenting to two Bulgarian combat surgical teams in Afghanistan over 11 months. Demographics, injury patterns and Injury Severity Scores (ISS) were compared between blast and gunshot-injured casualties using Fisher's Exact Test.ResultsThe blast victims had significantly higher median ISS (20.54 vs 9.23) and higher proportion of ISS>16 (60% vs 33.92%, p=0.008) than gunshot cases. They also had more frequent involvement of three or more body regions (47.22% vs 3.58%, p<0.0001). A significantly higher frequency of head (27.27% vs 3.57%), facial (20% vs 0%) and extremities injuries (85.45% vs 42.86%) and burns (12.72% vs 0%) was noted among the victims of explosion (p<0.0001). Based on clinical examination and diagnostic imaging, primary blast injury was identified in 24/55 (43.6%), secondary blast injury in 37 blast cases (67.3%), tertiary in 15 (27.3%) and quaternary blast injury (all burns) in seven (12.72%).ConclusionsOur results corroborate the ‘multidimensional’ injury pattern of blast trauma. The complexity of the blast trauma demands a good knowledge and a special training of the military surgeons and hospital personnel before deployment.
Safety and efficacy of percutaneous femoral artery access followed by Mynx closure in cerebral neurovascular procedures: a single center analysis
Authors: Grandhi Ramesh , Kanaan Hilal , Shah Aalap , Harrison Gillian , Bonfield Christopher , Jovin Tudor , Jankowitz Brian , Horowitz Michael 
Published: July 2013

Background and purposePercutaneous transfemoral arterial procedures rely on a variety of vascular closure methods. We studied closure success and complications after using the Mynx vascular closure device in cerebral neurovascular procedures.MethodsWe prospectively analyzed patients undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiogram or neurointervention with arteriotomy closure using the Mynx device. Patient demographics and procedural factors were recorded. Statistical analyses compared groups and identified predictors of device failure and complication.ResultsA total of 766 patients, 59% women, mean age 55.5 years (SD 14.2), mean body mass index (BMI) 29.1 kg/m2(SD 7.4), underwent 937 neurovascular procedures in a 10 month period. Device success was achieved in 92% of patients; lower BMI, higher number of antithrombotic medications, larger sheath size, and performance of a neurointerventional procedure predicted Mynx failure. Complications occurred in 2.45% of procedures, with older age, lower BMI, higher number of antithrombotic medicines used, higher international normalized ratio, lower platelet count, and Mynx device failure conferring an increased risk of complication.ConclusionsThe Mynx device is safe and effective for cerebral neurovascular procedures. However, specific patient populations may warrant particular attention and thorough consideration of risks and benefits prior to employing the Mynx device for femoral arteriotomy closure.
Altered mineral uptake into fresh arc magmas: insights from U–Th isotopes of samples from Andean volcanoes under differential crustal stress regimes
Authors: Zellmer Georg F. , Freymuth Heye , Cembrano José M. , Clavero Jorge E. , Veloso Eugenio A. E. , Sielfeld Gerd G. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Uranium–thorium (U–Th) isotope compositions of whole rocks, groundmasses and minerals from mafic to intermediate Andean arc magmas were determined to assess the influence of crustal stress on rates of pre-eruptive crystallization and the significance of crystal uptake. Volcanoes investigated include Lascar in the central Andes, situated in a compressional regime, and Callaqui and Lonquimay in the southern Andes, situated in a transtensional regime. In the southern Andes, Calbuco volcano, which experienced variations in the local stress field due to volcano unloading triggered by large debris avalanches, was also targeted. In U–Th equiline space, whole rock and groundmass coincide in each studied sample, and are close to secular equilibrium or in slight U-excess. No isochronal relationships are displayed by the mineral separates, although many are out of secular equilibrium. Further, (
234
U/
238
U) activity ratios of some mineral separates from the southern Andes are in disequilibrium and vary significantly between different phases of individual rock samples. The combined data indicate that many crystals are foreign to the melts they are carried in, and that some mineral phases have experienced incipient weathering before their incorporation into the melt. Using Calbuco as an example, we speculate that volcano loading may affect secondary alteration processes at depth.
Using detrital garnet compositions to determine provenance: a new compositional database and procedure
Authors: Suggate Simon M. , Hall Robert 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Detrital garnet compositions can be used to help determine the provenance of sedimentary rocks. In this study a garnet compositional database consisting of more than 2500 wet chemical and electron microprobe analyses was compiled from the literature. For the garnets in the database the six principal garnet end-member compositions (pyrope, almandine, spessartine, uvarovite, grossular and andradite) were calculated. A multi-stage methodology was devised to match garnet compositions to source rocks, and a series of garnet provenance fields on ternary plots were identified. The method was tested using compositional data from detrital garnet studies in several areas where provenance has already been identified, with good results. The methodology was then used to assess the provenance of detrital garnets from Neogene sandstones of northern Sabah, Borneo for which provenance is unknown and in a region where there are few garnet analyses for comparison. Comparison of garnet compositions from possible sources on Palawan, Philippines and in Borneo combined with the ternary plots excludes some known garnet-bearing rocks as potential sources and suggests derivation of metamorphic and igneous garnets from Palawan during the Early Miocene.

Supplementary material:

The compositional database and garnet data plotting spreadsheets are available at
www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18649
.
Epimorphin Is a Novel Regulator of the Progesterone Receptor Isoform-A
Authors: Bascom Jamie L. , Radisky Derek C. , Koh Eileen , Fata Jimmie E. , Lo Alvin , Mori Hidetoshi , Roosta Neda , Hirai Yohei , Bissell Mina J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Epimorphin/syntaxin-2 is a membrane-tethered protein localized extracellularly (Epim) and intracellularly (Stx-2). The extracellular form Epim stimulates morphogenic processes in a range of tissues, including in murine mammary glands where its overexpression in luminal epithelial cells is sufficient to drive hyperplasia and neoplasia. We analyzed WAP-Epim transgenic mice to gain insight into how Epim promotes malignancy. Ectopic overexpression of Epim during postnatal mammary gland development led to early side-branching onset, precocious bud formation, and increased proliferation of mammary epithelial cells. Conversely, peptide-based inhibition of Epim function reduced side branching. Because increased side branching and hyperplasia occurs similarly in mice upon overexpression of the progesterone receptor isoform-a (Pgr-a), we investigated whether Epim exhibits these phenotypes through Pgr modulation. Epim overexpression indeed led to a steep upregulation of both total Pgr mRNA and Pgr-a protein levels. Notably, the Pgr antagonist RU486 abrogated Epim-induced ductal side branching, mammary epithelial cell proliferation, and bud formation. Evaluation of Epim signaling in a three-dimensional ex vivo culture system showed that its action was dependent on binding to its extracellular receptor, integrin-αV, and on matrix metalloproteinase 3 activity downstream of Pgr-a. These findings elucidate a hitherto unknown transcriptional regulator of Pgr-a, and shed light on how overexpression of Epim leads to malignancy. Cancer Res; 73(18); 5719–29. ©2013 AACR.
Stem Cell Differentiation and Lumen Formation in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines and Primary Tumors
Authors: Ashley Neil , Yeung Trevor M. , Bodmer Walter F. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Single cancer stem–like cells (CSC) from colorectal cancers can be functionally identified by their ability to form large lumen-containing colonies in three-dimensional Matrigel cultures. These colonies contain the three types of differentiated colorectal epithelial cells, and single cells obtained from them can reproduce themselves and form tumors efficiently in immunodeficient mice. In this study, we show how hypoxia affects these CSC-derived lumens to control differentiation of stem-like cells and enterocytes via the homeobox gene CDX1. Lumens were identified by F-actin staining and they expressed many characteristics associated with normal differentiated intestinal epithelium, including brush border enzymes, polarization, and tight junctions. RNA interference–mediated silencing of CDX1 reduced lumen formation. Inhibitory effects of hypoxia on lumen formation and stem cell differentiation, including suppression of CDX1 expression, could be mimicked by inhibiting prolyl-hydroxylases that activate HIF1, suggesting that HIF1 is a critical mediator of the effects of hypoxia in this setting. Cell line–derived lumens were phenotypically indistinguishable from colorectal tumor glandular structures used by pathologists to grade tumor differentiation. Parallel results to those obtained with established cell lines were seen with primary cultures from fresh tumors. This in vitro approach to functional characterization of CSCs and their differentiation offers a valid model to study colorectal tumor differentiation and differentiation of colorectal CSCs, with additional uses to enable high-throughput screening for novel anticancer compounds. Cancer Res; 73(18); 5798–809. ©2013 AACR.
Rapid Induction of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 Signaling through FGF Receptor 3
Authors: Yin Yongjun , Betsuyaku Tomoko , Garbow Joel R. , Miao Jinbai , Govindan Ramaswamy , Ornitz David M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are expressed in many non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) primary tumors and derived cell lines, and mutations in FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) have been identified in human lung adenocarcinoma. FGF9 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NSCLC by synergizing with EGFR pathways or by providing an escape pathway mediating resistance to EGFR inhibition. To model pathogenic mechanisms mediated by FGF signals, we have established a mouse model in which FGF9 expression can be induced in adult lung epithelium. Here, we show that induced expression of FGF9 in adult lung leads to the rapid proliferation of distal airway epithelial cells that express the stem cell marker, Sca-1, and the proximal and distal epithelial markers, Sftpc and CC10, the rapid formation of Sftpc-positive adenocarcinomas, and eventual metastasis in some mice. Furthermore, we have identified FGFR3 as the obligate receptor mediating the FGF9 oncogenic signal. These results identify an FGF9–FGFR3 signal as a primary oncogenic pathway for lung adenocarcinoma and suggest that this pathway could be exploited for customized therapeutic applications for both primary tumors and those that have acquired resistance to inhibition of other signaling pathways. Cancer Res; 73(18); 5730–41. ©2013 AACR.
A High-Throughput Functional Complementation Assay for Classification ofBRCA1Missense Variants
Authors: Bouwman Peter , van der Gulden Hanneke , van der Heijden Ingrid , Drost Rinske , Klijn Christiaan N. , Prasetyanti Pramudita , Pieterse Mark , Wientjens Ellen , Seibler Jost , Hogervorst Frans B.L. , Jonkers Jos 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 account for the majority of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers, and therefore sequence analysis of both genes is routinely conducted in patients with early-onset breast cancer. Besides mutations that clearly abolish protein function or are known to increase cancer risk, a large number of sequence variants of uncertain significance (VUS) have been identified. Although several functional assays for BRCA1 VUSs have been described, thus far it has not been possible to conduct a high-throughput analysis in the context of the full-length protein. We have developed a relatively fast and easy cDNA-based functional assay to classify BRCA1 VUSs based on their ability to functionally complement BRCA1-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells. Using this assay, we have analyzed 74 unclassified BRCA1 missense mutants for which all predicted pathogenic variants are confined to the BRCA1 RING and BRCT domains.Significance: BRCA1 VUSs are frequently found in patients with hereditary breast or ovarian cancer and present a serious problem for clinical geneticists. This article describes the generation, validation, and application of a reliable high-throughput assay for the functional classification of BRCA1 sequence variants of uncertain significance. Cancer Discov; 3(10); 1142–55. ©2013 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1083
Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Significant Clinical Atherosclerosis in Nondiabetic Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Karrowni Wassef , Li Yan , Jones Philip G. , Cresci Sharon , Abdallah Mouin S. , Lanfear David E. , Maddox Thomas M. , McGuire Darren K. , Spertus John A. , Horwitz Phillip A. 
Published: July 2013

Objective—
The prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) is increasing worldwide because of increasing age, obesity, and physical inactivity. Emerging evidence supports a direct proatherogenic effect of IR on the coronary vasculature, but the relation between IR and angiographic atherosclerosis in a real-world clinical setting is uncertain. In this work, we assessed whether IR is independently associated with clinically significant angiographic atherosclerosis in nondiabetic individuals.

Approach and Results—

We examined the association between IR and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis determined by angiography in 1073 nondiabetic patients surviving acute myocardial infarction. Patients were divided into quartiles on the basis of the homeostasis model assessment grading of IR, and associations between IR and multivessel coronary artery disease, defined as ≥2 arteries with ≥70% stenosis (or ≥50% left main stenosis), were analyzed in bivariate and multivariable modeling. Overall, the cohort had a median age of 56 years; 28.9% women and 21.8% nonwhite. The crude prevalence of multivessel coronary artery disease was 37.8%, 42.3%, 47.2%, and 48.0% for homeostasis model assessment grading of IR quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (
P
trend
=0.009). In multivariable modeling, compared with quartile 1, both quartile 3 (relative risk [95% confidence interval], 1.31 [1.07–1.60]) and quartile 4 (1.29 [1.03–1.60]) were independently associated with multivessel coronary artery disease. Covariates in the model included patient demographic and clinical characteristics and metabolic factors (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, glycosylated hemoglobin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein).

Conclusions—
We demonstrate an independent association between IR and multivessel coronary artery disease in nondiabetic postmyocardial infarction patients. Our findings strengthen the experimental evidence for a direct atherogenic effect of IR independent of glucose control and other components of the metabolic syndrome.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Phospholipase D Protects Mice From Occlusive Thrombus Formation and Ischemic Stroke—Brief Report
Authors: Stegner David , Thielmann Ina , Kraft Peter , Frohman Michael A. , Stoll Guido , Nieswandt Bernhard 
Published: July 2013

Objective—
We recently showed that mice lacking the lipid signaling enzyme phospholipase (PL) D1 or both PLD isoforms (PLD1 and PLD2) were protected from pathological thrombus formation and ischemic stroke, whereas hemostasis was not impaired in these animals. We sought to assess whether pharmacological inhibition of PLD activity affects hemostasis, thrombosis, and thrombo-inflammatory brain infarction in mice.

Approach and Results—
Treatment of platelets with the reversible, small molecule PLD inhibitor, 5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI), led to a specific blockade of PLD activity that was associated with reduced α-granule release and integrin activation. Mice that received FIPI at a dose of 3 mg/kg displayed reduced occlusive thrombus formation upon chemical injury of carotid arteries or mesenterial arterioles. Similarly, FIPI-treated mice had smaller infarct sizes and significantly better motor and neurological function 24 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. This protective effect was not associated with major intracerebral hemorrhage or prolonged tail bleeding times.

Conclusions—
These results provide the first evidence that pharmacological PLD inhibition might provide a safe therapeutic strategy to prevent arterial thrombosis and ischemic stroke.