bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the relative contributions of direct environmental effects and passive genotype–environment correlations in the association between familial risk factors and child disruptive behavior disorders
Authors: Bornovalova M. A. , Cummings J. R. , Hunt E. , Blazei R. , Malone S. , Iacono W. G. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundPrevious work reports an association between familial risk factors stemming from parental characteristics and offspring disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs). This association may reflect (a) the direct effects of familial environment and (b) a passive gene–environment correlation (rGE), wherein the parents provide both the genes and the environment. The current study examined the contributions of direct environmental influences and passive rGE by comparing the effects of familial risk factors on child DBDs in genetically related (biological) and non-related (adoptive) families.MethodParticipants were 402 adoptive and 204 biological families. Familial environment was defined as maternal and paternal maladaptive parenting and antisociality, marital conflict and divorce; offspring DBDs included attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Mixed-level regressions estimated the main effects of familial environment, adoption status and the familial environment by adoption status interaction term, which tested for the presence of passive rGE.ResultsThere was a main effect of maternal and paternal maladaptive parenting and marital discord on child DBDs, indicating a direct environmental effect. There was no direct environmental effect of maternal or paternal antisociality, but maternal and paternal antisociality had stronger associations with child DBDs in biological families than adoptive families, indicating the presence of a passive rGE.ConclusionsMany familial risk factors affected children equally across genetically related and non-related families, providing evidence for direct environmental effects. The relationship of parental antisociality and offspring DBDs was best explained by a passive rGE, where a general vulnerability toward externalizing psychopathology is passed down by the parents to the children.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and executive functioning in affected and unaffected adolescents and their parents: challenging the endophenotype construct
Authors: Thissen A. J. A. M. , Rommelse N. N. J. , Hoekstra P. J. , Hartman C. , Heslenfeld D. , Luman M. , van Lieshout M. , Franke B. , Oosterlaan J. , Buitelaar J. K. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThe results of twin and sibling studies suggest that executive functioning is a prime candidate endophenotype in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, studies have not assessed the co-segregation of executive function (EF) deficits from parents to offspring directly, and it is unclear whether executive functioning is an ADHD endophenotype in adolescents, given the substantial changes in prefrontal lobe functioning, EF and ADHD symptoms during adolescence.MethodWe recruited 259 ADHD and 98 control families with an offspring average age of 17.3 years. All participants were assessed for ADHD and EF [inhibition, verbal (VWM) and visuospatial working memory (VsWM)]. Data were analysed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs).ResultsParental ADHD was associated with offspring ADHD and parental EF was associated with offspring EF but there were no cross-associations (parental ADHD was not associated with offspring EF or vice versa). Similar results were found when siblings were compared. EF deficits were only found in affected adolescents and not in their unaffected siblings or (un)affected parents.ConclusionsThe core EFs proposed to be aetiologically related to ADHD, that is working memory and inhibition, seem to be aetiologically independent of ADHD in adolescence. EF deficits documented in childhood in unaffected siblings were no longer present in adolescence, suggesting that children ‘grow out’ of early EF deficits. This is the first study to document ADHD and EF in a large family sample with adolescent offspring. The results suggest that, after childhood, the majority of influences on ADHD are independent from those on EF. This has potential implications for current aetiological models of causality in ADHD.
Neural correlates of the abolished self-referential memory effect in schizophrenia
Authors: Zhao Y. , Zhang D. , Tan S. , Song C. , Cui J. , Fan F. , Zhu X. , Zou Y. , Luo Y. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThe self-referential memory (SRM) effect refers to the phenomenon that stimuli processed with reference to the self are better remembered than those referenced to others. Studies have shown that schizophrenia patients do not have this memorial advantage for self-referenced information. The current study investigated the electrophysiological mechanism of the abolished SRM effect in schizophrenia.MethodTwenty schizophrenia patients and 22 controls were recruited to complete an SRM task. We used a high-time resolution event-related potential (ERP) technique to analyze the electrophysiological differences between patients and controls during self- and other-reflection processing.ResultsBehavior data indicated that healthy controls had a typical SRM bias that was absent in the schizophrenia patients. ERP comparison between groups showed that the schizophrenia patients presented smaller voltages in both self- and other-reflection conditions in the 160–260 ms (P2 component) and 800–1200 ms (positive slow wave) time windows over the pre/frontal cortex. Furthermore, the N2 amplitudes (270–380 ms) differed between self- and other-reflection conditions in patients but not in normal controls. More importantly, we found that the P3 amplitudes in the parietal cortex correlated significantly with the SRM bias score in the patients (r = –0.688).ConclusionsThese results provide comprehensive and direct electrophysiological evidence for self- and other-reflective dysfunction in schizophrenia patients and contribute to our understanding of the underlying neural substrates of the abolished SRM effect in schizophrenia.
Faulty robot rescue by multi-robot cooperation
Authors: Eoh Gyuho , Choi Jeong S. , Lee Beom H. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a multi-agent behavior to cooperatively rescue a faulty robot using a sound signal. In a robot team, the faulty robot should be immediately recalled since it may seriously obstruct other robots, or collected matters in the faulty robot may be lost. For the rescue mission, we first developed a sound localization method, which estimates the sound source from a faulty robot by using multiple microphone sensors. Next, since a single robot cannot recall the faulty robot, the robots organized a heterogeneous rescue team by themselves with pusher, puller, and supervisor. This self-organized team succeeded in moving the faulty robot to a safe zone without help from any global positioning systems. Finally, our results demonstrate that a faulty robot among multi-agent robots can be immediately rescued with the cooperation of its neighboring robots and interactive communication between the faulty robot and the rescue robots. Experiments are presented to test the validity and practicality of the proposed approach.
Prevalence and estimation of hepatitis B and C infections in the WHO European Region: a review of data focusing on the countries outside the European Union and the European Free Trade Association
Authors: HOPE V. D. , ERAMOVA I. , CAPURRO D. , DONOGHOE M. C. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYKnowledge of hepatitis B and C prevalence, and numbers infected, are important for planning responses. Published HBsAg and anti-HCV prevalences for the 20 WHO European Region countries outside the EU/EFTA were extracted, to complement published data for the EU/EFTA. The general population prevalence of HBsAg (median 3·8%, mean 5·0%, seven countries) ranged from 1·3% (Ukraine) to 13% (Uzbekistan), and anti-HCV (median 2·3%, mean 3·8%, 10 countries) from 0·5% (Serbia, Tajikistan) to 13% (Uzbekistan). People who inject drugs had the highest prevalence of both infections (HBsAg: median 6·8%, mean 8·2%, 13 countries; anti-HCV: median 46%, mean 46%, 17 countries), and prevalence was also elevated in men who have sex with men and sex workers. Simple estimates indicated 13·3 million (1·8%) adults have HBsAg and 15·0 million (2·0%) HCV RNA in the WHO European Region; prevalences were higher outside the EU/EFTA countries. Efforts to prevent, diagnose, and treat these infections need to be maintained and improved.This article may not be reprinted or reused in any way in order to promote any commercial products or services.
Age-associated prevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiin 8281 pregnant women in Poland between 2004 and 2012
Authors: NOWAKOWSKA D. , WUJCICKA W. , SOBALA W. , ŚPIEWAK E. , GAJ Z. , WILCZYŃSKI J. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis study aimed to describeToxoplasma gondiiprevalence in Polish pregnant women and the incidence rates of congenital infections in their neonates observed between 2004 and 2012. Serological tests forT. gondii-specific IgG and IgM antibodies were performed on serum samples of 8281 pregnant women treated at the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute in Lodz. The yearly seroconversion rate forT. gondiiIgG antibodies was estimated using a mathematical model to determine the dependency between age and prevalence. Mean prevalence of IgG antibodies between 2004 and 2012 in pregnant women was 40·6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 39·6–41·7] and increased with age with a yearly seroconversion rate of 0·8% (95% CI 0·6–1·0,P < 0·001). Assuming aT. gondiimaterno-fetal transmission rate of 30% gave an estimate of 1·80/1000 neonates as congenitally infected. The increased mean age (28·7vs26·7 years,P < 0·001) of pregnant women was probably the most important factor in abolishing the effect of falling prevalence rates.
National outbreaks ofSalmonellainfection in the UK, 2000–2011
Authors: HARKER K. S. , LANE C. , GORMLEY F. J. , ADAK G. K. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYOver a 12-year period, the Health Protection Agency's (now Public Health England's) Department of Gastrointestinal and Emerging Infections (GEZI) investigated over 100 potential national outbreaks ofSalmonella enterica. These ranged from a cluster of cases requiring data interrogation and monitoring of the situation, to full blown case-control studies involving hundreds of interviews, many staff, multi-agency collaboration and the media. Vehicles of infection ranged from the usual suspects of chicken and eggs, to the less frequently implicated snake feed and chocolate. This has forced us to alter our preconceptions of disease transmission. The way in which GEZI investigate outbreaks and conduct case-control studies is constantly evolving as we learn and adapt to the changing aetiology ofS. enterica. We present the findings and lessons learned during the last 12 years of investigatingS. entericaoutbreaks in England and Wales.
Multi-scale factors influencing seabird assemblages in the African sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Commins Morgan L. , Ansorge Isabelle , Ryan Peter G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOceanic fronts are important foraging areas for many top predators, but they also define biogeographical boundaries to animals in the Southern Ocean and play a role in structuring seabird assemblages. Understanding the factors driving patterns in the spatial and temporal distribution of seabirds is important to infer the likely impact of a changing climate. Latitudinal transects south of Africa in two summers indicate that fronts and sea ice extent play key roles in determining seabird assemblages. We observed 37 seabird taxa and found five seabird assemblages. The Subtropical Convergence and pack ice-edge form the strongest biogeographical boundaries, whereas the Sub-Antarctic Front and Antarctic Polar Front are less well defined. As summer progresses, the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (the Antarctic Divergence or southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current) becomes important, when a distinct seabird assemblage forms north of the retreating sea ice following an influx of great shearwatersPuffinus gravis(O'Reilly), blue petrelsHalobaena caerulea(Gmelin), Kerguelen petrelsLugensa brevirostris(Lesson) and southern fulmarsFulmarus glacialoides(Smith). Seabird assemblages show strong seasonality and are predictable between years. They are structured primarily by latitudinal gradients and secondarily by seasonal variation in sea-surface temperature and ice cover within their latitudinal habitat zones.
Do attitudes, intentions and actions of school food coordinators regarding public organic food procurement policy improve the eating environment at school? Results from the iPOPY study
Authors: He Chen , Perez-Cueto Federico JA , Mikkelsen Bent E 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe present study investigates whether public organic food procurement policies have the potential to induce changes in the school food service environment.DesignA comparative cross-national survey was conducted in public primary and/or secondary schools in Finland, Germany and Italy. The school food coordinators completed a web-based questionnaire on their attitudes, intentions and actions towards organic school food provision.SettingIn Germany, 122 out of 2050 schools in the state of Hesse responded. In Finland, 250 out of 998 schools across the country responded. In Italy, 215 out of 940 schools from eight provinces responded.SubjectsSchool food coordinators in the sample of schools in the three countries.ResultsThe German and Finnish school food coordinators separately most agreed with the promotion of healthy eating habits (P < 0·001) and organic food (P < 0·001) by schools. The Finnish schools were most likely to adopt a food and nutrition policy (P < 0·001), a health-promoting school policy according to WHO principles (P < 0·001), to have a playground (P < 0·001), to involve physical activity themes in teaching (P = 0·012) and to have a canteen (P < 0·001). The Italian schools were most likely to involve the food and nutrition policy in pedagogical activities (P = 0·004), to serve nutritional school meals (P < 0·001) and to recommend children to eat healthily (P < 0·001). In the three countries, the non-organic schools were less likely to adopt a food and nutrition policy (P < 0·001), a WHO health-promoting policy (P < 0·001) and have a canteen (P = 0·017) than the organic schools.ConclusionsThe study suggests that there is a gap in the effects of public organic food procurement policy on building a healthier school food environment.
Mismeasurement of pensions before and after retirement: the mystery of the disappearing pensions with implications for the importance of Social Security as a source of retirement support
Authors: GUSTMAN ALAN L. , STEINMEIER THOMAS L. , TABATABAI NAHID 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA review of the literature suggests that when pension values are measured by the wealth equivalent of promised defined benefit pension benefits and defined contribution balances for those approaching retirement, pensions account for more support in retirement than is suggested when their contribution is measured by incomes received directly from pension plans by those who have already retired. Estimates from the Health and Retirement Study for respondents in their early fifties suggest that pension wealth is about 82% as valuable as Social Security wealth. In data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), for members of the same cohort, measured when they are 65–69, pension incomes are about 58% as valuable as incomes from Social Security. Our empirical analysis uses data from the HRS to examine the reasons for these differences in the contributions of pensions as measured in income and wealth data. Key factors accounting for these differences include: a difference in methodology between surveys affecting what is included in pension income; some pension wealth ‘disappears’ at retirement because respondents change their pension into other forms that are not counted as pension income; and the form of annuitization may influence the measure of pension income. A series of caveats notwithstanding, the bottom line is that CPS data on pension incomes received in retirement understates the full contribution pensions make to supporting retirees.
Surviving Childhood Cancer: Relationship between Exercise and Coping on Quality of Life
Authors: Castellano Carmina , Pérez-Campdepadrós Marta , Capdevila Lluís , Sánchez de Toledo José , Gallego Soledad , Blasco Tomás 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis research assesses Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in a Spanish sample of adolescent cancer survivors, and analyzes the relationship between HRQoL, coping styles and physical exercise. Forty-two survivors (12–19 years), who were ≥ 1 year of remission, completed standardized measures of HRQoL (CHIP-AE), coping strategies (ACS) and physical exercise (AECEF). Mean scores in all HRQoL domains were within normative values. Multiple regression analysis revealed that physical exercise and productive coping were related to higher HRQoL, whereas non-productive coping was related to lower HRQoL. This sample of survivors reported good levels of HRQoL, which are mediated by coping styles and physical exercise.
Beurteilung der Fahreignung hirngeschädigter Patienten in der neurologischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Niemann Hendrik , Hartje Wolfgang 
Published: May 2013

Retrospektiv wurden die Daten von 494 Patienten analysiert, die während der stationären neurologischen Rehabilitation zur Frage ihrer Fahreignung untersucht worden waren. Die Daten umfassten die Ergebnisse psychometrischer Tests zur Prüfung der Reaktionsbereitschaft, Reaktionsschnelligkeit, Reaktionssicherheit, Aufmerksamkeitsteilung, visuellen Suche und Orientierung, Umstellungsfähigkeit sowie die Ergebnisse einer umfangreichen Fahrprobe im öffentlichen Straßenverkehr mit Beurteilung verschiedener Fahrverhaltensaspekte und der generellen Fahrsicherheit durch einen Fahrlehrer. Das Ergebnis der Fahrprobe wurde bei 28 % der Patienten als nicht ausreichend sicher beurteilt. Eine für die Einzelfallentscheidung befriedigend sichere Prognose des Fahrprobenausgangs auf der Grundlage der Testergebnisse wurde nicht erreicht. Je nach Prognoseverfahren wurden 29 % bis 67 % der als nicht fahrgeeignet und 14 % bis 24 % der als fahrgeeignet prognostizierten Fälle falsch klassifiziert.
Photophysics of 1,8-naphthalimide/Ln(iii) dyads (Ln = Eu, Gd): naphthalimide → Eu(iii) energy-transfer from both singlet and triplet states
Authors: Plyusnin Victor F. , Kupryakov Arkady S. , Grivin Vyacheslav P. , Shelton Alexander H. , Sazanovich Igor V. , Meijer Anthony J. H. M. , Weinstein Julia A. , Ward Michael D. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Transient absorption and time resolved luminescence spectroscopy were used to study photophysical processes in the macrocycle-appended 1,8-naphthalimide compound H3L, and its Eu(iii) and Gd(iii) complexes Eu·L and Gd·L, in particular the naphthalimide-Eu(iii) energy-transfer process. In all cases aggregation of the naphthalimide chromophores results in a low-energy emission feature in the 470–500 nm region in addition to the naphthalimide fluorescence; this lower-energy emission has a lifetime longer by an order of magnitude than the monomer naphthalimide fluorescence. Transient absorption spectroscopy was used to measure the decay of the naphthalimide triplet excited state, which occurs in the range 30–50 μs. In Eu·L, partial energy-transfer from the naphthalimide chromophore results in sensitized Eu(iii)-based emission in addition to the naphthalimide-based fluorescence features. Time-resolved measurements on the sensitized Eu(iii)-based emission reveal both fast (~109 s−1) and slow (~104 s−1) energy-transfer processes from the naphthalimide energy-donor, which we ascribe to energy-transfer occurring from the singlet and triplet excited state of naphthalimide respectively. This is an unusual case of observation of sensitization of Eu(iii)-based emission from the singlet state of an aromatic chromophore.
Hyperoxidized peroxiredoxin 2 interacts with the protein disulfide- isomerase ERp46
Authors: Pace Paul E. , Peskin Alexander V. , Han Min-Hi , Hampton Mark B. , Winterbourn Christine C. 
Published: May 2013

Prx (peroxiredoxin) 2 protects cells from deleterious oxidative damage. It catalyses the breakdown of hydroperoxides through a highly reactive cysteine residue and has been linked to chaperone activity that promotes cell survival under conditions of oxidative stress. It may also be involved in redox signalling by binding to other proteins. In the present study we have searched for binding partners of Prx2 in H2O2-treated Jurkat and human umbilical vein endothelial cells and discovered that the hyperoxidized form selectively co-precipitated with the protein disulfide-isomerase ERp46. Mutant analyses revealed that loss of the peroxidative cysteine residue of Prx2 also facilitated complex formation with ERp46, even without H2O2 treatment, whereas the resolving cysteine residue of Prx2 was indispensible for the interaction to occur. The complex involved a stable non-covalent interaction that was disassociated by the reduction of intramolecular disulfides in ERp46, or by disruption of the decameric structure of hyperoxidized Prx2. This is the first example of a protein interaction dependent on the hyperoxidized status of a Prx.
Modern Portfolio Theory
Authors: Jacquier Eric 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis chapter surveys modern portfolio theory, which is one of the most spectacular developments of finance in the last 50 years. It starts with the basic one-period setup under the assumption of normality with the successive contributions including the basic Markowitz mean-variance framework, the efficient frontier, and the Sharpe-Lintner capital asset pricing model. Utility and risk aversion are also discussed. The chapter then discusses the multiperiod extension and Merton's optimal asset allocation. The second part of the chapter shows how to extend the framework to allow for parameter uncertainty. In that process, the chapter also briefly reviews needed concepts such as the predictive density, shrinkage, and how the Bayesian framework allows the incorporation of prior views to improve on the precision of estimates necessary in the portfolio construction process.
Asset Pricing and Behavioral Finance
Authors: Shefrin Hersh 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBehavioral asset pricing focuses on the manner in which investor psychology can create gaps between the market prices of securities and their corresponding fundamental values. This chapter describes the main tenets of behavioral asset pricing by tracing its history both empirically and theoretically. Because of its focus on the gap between price and value, the behavioral framework has come to be viewed as an alternative to the neoclassical-based efficient market framework. The debate between behaviorists and neoclassicists has shed light on weaknesses in each approach. The chapter discusses these weaknesses and concludes that, going forward, the field of finance would benefit from bringing together the psychological insights from behavioral finance and the rigorous approach of neoclassical finance. Examples of topics include sentiment, arbitrage, noise trading, heuristics, biases, and prospect theory.