bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive or 2-Tendon Rotator Cuff Tears in Active Patients With Minimal Glenohumeral Arthritis
Authors: Gupta Anil K. , Hug Kevin , Boggess Blake , Gavigan Molly , Toth Alison P. 
Published: February 2013

Background: The management of irreparable massive or full-thickness 2-tendon rotator cuff tears in active patients with minimal glenohumeral arthritis remains a difficult challenge for the treating surgeon. Many different treatment options, with varied success, have been proposed. Hypotheses: (1) Patients undergoing reconstruction of irreparable massive or full-thickness 2-tendon rotator cuff tears by dermal tissue matrix xenograft would demonstrate improvements in pain, range of motion, strength, and subjective functional outcomes. (2) Postoperative ultrasonography would demonstrate intact repairs at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Twenty-six patients (27 shoulders) underwent reconstruction of irreparable massive or full-thickness 2-tendon rotator cuff tears by dermal tissue matrix xenograft. Pain level (scale 0-10, 10 = severe pain), active range of motion, and supraspinatus and external rotation strength were assessed. Subjective outcome measures included American Shoulder and Elbow Score (ASES) and Short Form-12 (SF-12) score. Clinical and radiographic analyses were performed at an average 32-month follow-up period (minimum 2-year follow-up). Ultrasound imaging (static and dynamic) of the operative shoulder was performed at final follow-up to assess the integrity of the construct. Results: Mean patient age was 60 years. Mean pain level decreased from 5.1 to 0.4 ( P = .002). Mean active forward flexion and abduction improved from 138.8° to 167.3° ( P = .024) and 117.9° to 149.3° ( P = .001), respectively. Supraspinatus and external rotation strength improved from 7.2 to 9.4 ( P = .001) and 7.4 to 9.5 ( P = .001), respectively. Mean ASES improved from 62.7 to 91.8 ( P = .0007), and mean SF-12 scores improved from 48.4 to 56.6 ( P = .044). Twenty-one patients (22 shoulders) returned for a dynamic and static ultrasound of the operative shoulder at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Sixteen patients (73%) demonstrated a fully intact tendon-graft reconstruction, 5 patients (22%) had a partially intact reconstruction, and 1(5%) had a complete tear at the graft-bone interface caused by suture anchor pullout as a result of a fall. There were no cases of infection or tissue rejection. Conclusion: Active patients with massive or 2-tendon rotator cuff tears with minimal glenohumeral arthritis continue to be a subset of the population for whom there is no current standard of care. Results suggest that the use of porcine xenograft may be an effective means by which to treat these patients.
Investigation of Short-term Variations in Term Breast Milk Composition during Repeated Breast Expression Sessions
Authors: Khan Sadaf , Prime Danielle K. , Hepworth Anna R. , Lai Ching Tat , Trengove Naomi J. , Hartmann Peter E. 
Published: February 2013

Background: Breast milk composition can be affected by several factors, and it can exhibit short-term (weekly) variations. Investigating variations in breast milk composition is important to accurately estimate nutrient requirements of the infant. Objective: To investigate short-term changes in breast milk composition between left and right breasts, over a 3-week period within the first 6 months of lactation. Methods: The left and right breasts of the mothers of healthy, term infants (n = 23) were simultaneously expressed with an electric breast pump for 15 minutes, on 3 occasions within 3 weeks. Milk samples (5 mL) were collected from the total expression volume of each breast at each session. The macronutrient contents, total solids, and energy content were determined using a mid-infrared human milk analyzer. Mothers (n = 17) measured their 24-hour milk production, and the average 24-hour fat contents were also determined. Results: Over the 3 weekly sessions, no significant changes were found in macronutrient contents. On average, total solids ( P = .04) and energy ( P = .04) decreased by week 3 of follow-up sessions from 14 to 13 g/100 mL and from 82 to 76 Kcal/100 mL, respectively; however, these changes became insignificant when expression volume was taken into account. The macronutrient concentration was similar for the left and right breasts; however, milk composition varied markedly between mothers. Furthermore, average 24-hour fat content was significantly lower than the mean fat content from a single expression session ( P < .01). Conclusion: Our findings highlight that when determining the nutritional adequacy of a mother’s milk, assuming an average concentration requires caution. The study findings illustrate the importance of using average 24-hour fat content of milk to obtain representative measures of infant energy intake.
Resveratrol ameliorates methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via inhibition of lipid peroxidation
Authors: Dalaklioglu S. , Genc G.E. , Aksoy N.H. , Akcit F. , Gumuslu S. 
Published: February 2013

Hepatotoxicity is one of the major complications of methotrexate (MTX) therapy. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible protective effect of resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene, RVT) against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as control, MTX treated (7 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally (i.p.), once daily for 3 consecutive days), MTX + RVT treated (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.), and RVT treated. First dose of RVT was administrated 3 days before the MTX injection and continued for 3 days. Histopathology of liver was evaluated by light microscopy. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were used as biochemical markers of MTX-induced hepatic injury. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, a marker of lipid peroxidation) and activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione- S-transferase (GST) were used to analyze the oxidative stress-mediated lipid peroxidation in liver sections. Our results showed that MTX administration significantly increased ALT, ASP, and ALP levels. TBARS, CAT, and GST levels were also markedly increased in liver after MTX administration. RVT treatment significantly prevented MTX-induced hepatotoxicity, as indicated by AST, ALT, and ALP levels and liver histopathology. Moreover, administration of RVT significantly decreased the elevated levels of TBARS and activities of CAT and GST in the liver compared to MTX-treated group. These results revealed that RVT may have a protective effect against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated lipid peroxidation. Consequently, RVT treatment might be a promising strategy against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity.
Evaluation of the mutagenic potential and acute oral toxicity of standardized extract of Ocimum sanctum (OciBest™)
Authors: Chandrasekaran C.V. , Srikanth H.S. , Anand M.S. , Allan J. Joshua , Viji M. M. Hipolith , Amit A. 
Published: February 2013

Ocimum sanctum L. (Lamiaceae) is found throughout India and in many parts of world. O. sanctum is used for the treatment of various health indications. In this lieu, it is of prime importance to investigate the safety aspects of the plant. Hence, the present study was conducted to investigate the possible genotoxic potential and acute oral toxicity of the extract of O. sanctum (OciBest™). The standard battery of in vitro genotoxicity tests, namely bacterial reverse mutation, chromosome aberration and micronucleus (MN) tests were employed to assess the possible mutagenic activity. The results showed that OciBest™ (7.9–2500.0 µg/mL) did not increase the number of histidine revertant colonies in Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98 and TAMix) with and without exogenous metabolic activation (S9). OciBest™ (10.0–100.0 µg/mL) did not show structural chromosomal aberrations or increase in MN induction, with and without S9, at the tested dose range in both 4-h and 18-h exposure cell cultures. Thus, OciBest™ is not genotoxic in bacterial reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration and MN tests. In an acute oral toxicity test, rats were treated with 5 g/kg of OciBest™ and observed for signs of toxicity for 14 days and the results did not show any treatment-related toxic effects to Wistar rats.
Protective effect of the roots extract of Platycodon grandiflorum on bile duct ligation-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats
Authors: Lim J-H , Kim T-W , Song I-B , Park S-J , Kim M-S , Cho E-S , Jung J-Y , Son H-Y , Kim J-W , Yun H-I 
Published: February 2013

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract from Platycodon grandiflorum (BC703) on bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. BDL rats were divided into three groups, which orally received distilled water or BC703 (10 or 50 mg/kg/day) for consecutive 28 days. Antifibrotic effects of BC703 on BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats were estimated by assessing serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO). The biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome stain. ALT, AST, TBIL and BUN were elevated in the group treated with BDL alone than in the sham-operated group. These elevations were significantly decreased by BC703 treatment. Hepatic GSH and SOD levels, depressed by BDL, were also increased in the BC703 group. In addition, increases in hepatic MDA and NO levels in the BDL-induced cholestasis were attenuated by BC703 treatment. Furthermore, BC703 treatment significantly reduced the serum level of fibrogenic cytokine, TGF-β1. Histopathological studies further substantiated the protective effect of BC703 on BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis in rat. BC703 may have beneficial effects not only on hepatic fibrosis by cholestasis but also on hepatic fibrosis development in patients with chronic hepatic disease.
Adapting Lymphedema Treatment to the Palliative Setting
Authors: Cheville Andrea Lynne , Andrews Karen , Kollasch Jenny , Schmidt Kenley , Basford Jeffrey 
Published: February 2013

Objective: To review the benefits of adapting the complex techniques of formal lymphedema therapy to the more generalized forms of edema often seen in the chronic disease and palliative care settings. Data Sources: Peer-reviewed literature and clinical practice. Conclusion: Lymphedema treatment modalities have much to offer beyond their well-characterized benefit in classical lymphedema. In modified forms, they may improve and lessen the burden of refractory edema originating from a diverse range of causes. Thoughtful planning and practice, however, are essential as an inadequate adaptation may result in unnecessary effort, injury for the patient, or an unsatisfactory outcome.
An evaluation of questionnaires assessing physical activity levels in youth populations
Authors: Cancela Jose M , Ayán Carlos , Castro Antonio 
Published: February 2013

The aim of this study was to revise and organize according to recall time based criteria, questionnaires created and validated to assess the level of physical activity in children and adolescents, with the intention of enabling their proper understanding and subsequent use by nurses and health care professionals. In order to determine the questionnaires’ quality, their degree of reliability and validity was the main feature to be taken into account. Thirty-eight papers were retrieved and analyzed, 31 of which were aimed at designing and validating a questionnaire intended for physical activity (PA) level assessment in youth populations (four to 19 year olds). The most widely used questionnaires were those whose recall time spans from one to seven days. In general, all questionnaires were characterized by the use of pen-and-paper format and scarce utilization of new technologies. Based upon validity and reliability criteria, in order to assess PA level in children and adolescents, nurses should use the “Children’s Leisure Activities Study Survey” and the “Flemish Physical Activity Computer Questionnaire”, respectively. There is a need for the validation of these tools in other languages and cultures.
Genetic mapping and exome sequencing identify 2 mutations associated with stroke protection in pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Flanagan Jonathan M. , Sheehan Vivien , Linder Heidi , Howard Thad A. , Wang Yong-Dong , Hoppe Carolyn C. , Aygun Banu , Adams Robert J. , Neale Geoffrey A. , Ware Russell E. 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
The complication of stroke is common in patients with SCA, and there is a genetic component. We have performed a large-association study to identify 2 genetic variants that protect patients with SCA from stroke.
Evidence that fibrinogen γ′ regulates plasma clot structure and lysis and relationship to cardiovascular risk factors in black Africans
Authors: Pieters Marlien , Kotze Retha C. , Jerling Johann C. , Kruger Annamarie , Ariëns Robert A. S. 
Published: February 2013

Key PointsThis paper describes the effect of fibrinogen γ′ on clot structure in plasma (previously shown in purified systems). This paper also describes the respective roles of total fibrinogen, fibrinogen γ′ concentration, and ratio on clot structure and lysis rates.
Isolation and functional characterization of human erythroblasts at distinct stages: implications for understanding of normal and disordered erythropoiesis in vivo
Authors: Hu Jingping , Liu Jing , Xue Fumin , Halverson Gregory , Reid Marion , Guo Anqi , Chen Lixiang , Raza Azra , Galili Naomi , Jaffray Julie , Lane Joseph , Chasis Joel Anne , Taylor Naomi , Mohandas Narla , An Xiuli 
Published: February 2013

Key PointsPurification of staged human erythroblasts should facilitate a comprehensive cellular and molecular characterization of these cell populations. Quantification of human terminal erythropoiesis in vivo provides a powerful means for studying impaired erythropoiesis in human diseases.
Comparison of host cell gene expression in cowpox, monkeypox or vaccinia virus-infected cells reveals virus-specific regulation of immune response genes
Authors: Bourquain Daniel , Dabrowski Piotr Wojtek , Nitsche Andreas 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Animal-borne orthopoxviruses, like monkeypox, vaccinia and the closely related cowpox virus, are all capable of causing zoonotic infections in humans, representing a potential threat to human health. The disease caused by each virus differs in terms of symptoms and severity, but little is yet know about the reasons for these varying phenotypes. They may be explained by the unique repertoire of immune and host cell modulating factors encoded by each virus. In this study, we analysed the specific modulation of the host cell’s gene expression profile by cowpox, monkeypox and vaccinia virus infection. We aimed to identify mechanisms that are either common to orthopoxvirus infection or specific to certain orthopoxvirus species, allowing a more detailed description of differences in virus-host cell interactions between individual orthopoxviruses. To this end, we analysed changes in host cell gene expression of HeLa cells in response to infection with cowpox, monkeypox and vaccinia virus, using whole-genome gene expression microarrays, and compared these to each other and to non-infected cells.

Results
Despite a dominating non-responsiveness of cellular transcription towards orthopoxvirus infection, we could identify several clusters of infection-modulated genes. These clusters are either commonly regulated by orthopoxvirus infection or are uniquely regulated by infection with a specific orthopoxvirus, with major differences being observed in immune response genes. Most noticeable was an induction of genes involved in leukocyte migration and activation in cowpox and monkeypox virus-infected cells, which was not observed following vaccinia virus infection.

Conclusion
Despite their close genetic relationship, the expression profiles induced by infection with different orthopoxviruses vary significantly. It may be speculated that these differences at the cellular level contribute to the individual characteristics of cowpox, monkeypox and vaccinia virus infections in certain host species.
Viral-mediated expression of desmin mutants to create mouse models of myofibrillar myopathy
Authors: Joanne Pierre , Chourbagi Oussama , Hourdé Christophe , Ferry Arnaud , Butler-Browne Gillian , Vicart Patrick , Dumonceaux Julie , Agbulut Onnik 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
The clinical features of myofibrillar myopathies display a wide phenotypic heterogeneity. To this date, no studies have evaluated this parameter due to the absence of pertinent animal models. By studying two mutants of desmin, which induce subtle phenotypic differences in patients, we address this issue using an animal model based on the use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors carrying mutated desmin cDNA.

Methods
After preparation of the vectors, they were injected directly into the tibialis anterior muscles of C57BL/6 mice to allow expression of wild-type (WT) or mutated (R406W or E413K) desmin. Measurements of maximal force were carried out on the muscle in situ and then the injected muscles were analyzed to determine the structural consequences of the desmin mutations on muscle structure (microscopic observations, histology and immunohistochemistry).

Results
Injection of AAV carrying WT desmin results in the expression of exogenous desmin in 98% of the muscle fibers without any pathological or functional perturbations. Exogenous WT and endogenous desmin are co-localized and no differences were observed compared to non-injected muscle. Expression of desmin mutants in mouse muscles induce morphological changes of muscle fibers (irregular shape and size) and the appearance of desmin accumulations around the nuclei (for R406W) or in subsarcolemmal regions of fibers (for E413K). These accumulations seem to occur and disrupt the Z-line, and a strong regeneration was observed in muscle expressing the R406W desmin, which is not the case for E413K. Moreover, both mutants of desmin studied here induce a decrease in muscle force generation capacity.

Conclusions
In this study we show that AAV-mediated expression of desmin mutants in mouse muscles recapitulate the aggregation features, the decrease in contractile function and the morphological changes observed in patients with myofibrillar myopathy. More importantly, our results suggest that the R406W desmin mutant induces a robust muscle regeneration, which is not the case for the E413K mutant. This difference could help to explain the phenotypic differences observed in patients. Our results highlight the heterogeneous pathogenic mechanisms between different desmin mutants and open the way for new advances in the study of myofibrillar myopathies.
Prevalence of Off-Label Use and Spending in 2010 Among Patent-Protected Chemotherapies in a Population-Based Cohort of Medical Oncologists
Authors: Conti Rena M. , Bernstein Arielle C. , Villaflor Victoria M. , Schilsky Richard L. , Rosenthal Meredith B. , Bach Peter B. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose The prevalence of off-label anticancer drug use is not well characterized. The extent of off-label use is a policy concern because the clinical benefits of such use to patients may not outweigh costs or adverse health outcomes. Methods Prescribing data from IntrinsiQ Intellidose data systems, a pharmacy software provider maintaining a population-based cohort database of medical oncologists, was analyzed. Use of the most commonly prescribed anticancer drugs (“chemotherapies”) that were patent protected and administered intravenously to patients in 2010 was examined. Use was classified as “on-label” if the cancer site, stage, and therapy line met the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved indication. All other use was “off-label.” Off-label use was divided by whether it conformed to National Comprehensive Care Network (NCCN) Compendium recommendations, a basis of insurer coverage policies. IMS Health National Sales Perspectives was used to estimate national spending by use category. Results Ten chemotherapies met inclusion criteria. On-label use amounted to 70%, and off-label use amounted to 30%. Fourteen percent of use conformed to an NCCN-supported off-label indication, and 10% of off-label use was associated with an FDA-approved cancer site, but an NCCN-unsupported cancer stage and/or line of therapy. Total national spending on these chemotherapies amounted to $12 billion (B; $7.3B on-label, $2B off-label and NCCN supported; $2.5B off-label and NCCN unsupported). Conclusion Commonly used, novel chemotherapies are more often used on-label than off-label in contemporary practice. Off-label use is composed of a roughly equal mix of chemotherapy applied in clinical settings supported by the NCCN and those that are not.
Lack of Specificity of Plasma Concentrations of Inhibin B and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone for Identification of Azoospermic Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Green Daniel M. , Zhu Liang , Zhang Nan , Sklar Charles A. , Ke Raymond W. , Kutteh William H. , Klosky James L. , Spunt Sheri L. , Metzger Monika L. , Navid Fariba , Srivastava DeoKumar , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose Many male survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for azoospermia. Although both the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin B are correlated with sperm concentration, their ability to predict azoospermia in survivors of childhood cancer remains uncertain. Patients and Methods Semen analysis was performed and serum levels of FSH and inhibin B were measured in 275 adult male survivors of childhood cancer who had received gonadotoxic therapy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the optimal inhibin B and FSH values for identifying patients with azoospermia. The patient sample was divided into a learning set and a validation set. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value were calculated. Results Inhibin B was dichotomized as ≤ 31 ng/L or more than 31 ng/L and FSH was dichotomized as ≤ 11.5 mIU/mL or more than 11.5 mIU/mL based on results of the ROC analysis. Using these values, the specificity of the serum level of inhibin B for identifying azoospermic survivors was 45.0%, and the positive predictive value was 52.1%. The specificity for FSH was 74.1%, and the positive predictive value was 65.1%. Conclusion Neither serum inhibin B nor FSH is a suitable surrogate for determination of sperm concentration in a semen sample. Young men and their physicians should be aware of the limitations of these measures for assessment of fertility potential.