bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noise‐rearing disrupts the maturation of multisensory integration
Authors: Xu Jinghong , Yu Liping , Rowland Benjamin A. , Stanford Terrence R. , Stein Barry E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIt is commonly believed that the ability to integrate information from different senses develops according to associative learning principles as neurons acquire experience with co‐active cross‐modal inputs. However, previous studies have not distinguished between requirements for co‐activation versus co‐variation. To determine whether cross‐modal co‐activation is sufficient for this purpose in visual–auditory superior colliculus (SC) neurons, animals were reared in constant omnidirectional noise. By masking most spatiotemporally discrete auditory experiences, the noise created a sensory landscape that decoupled stimulus co‐activation and co‐variance. Although a near‐normal complement of visual–auditory SC neurons developed, the vast majority could not engage in multisensory integration, revealing that visual–auditory co‐activation was insufficient for this purpose. That experience with co‐varying stimuli is required for multisensory maturation is consistent with the role of the SC in detecting and locating biologically significant events, but it also seems likely that this is a general requirement for multisensory maturation throughout the brain.
Historical contingency in species interactions: towards niche‐based predictions
Authors: Vannette Rachel L. , Fukami Tadashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe way species affect one another in ecological communities often depends on the order of species arrival. The magnitude of such historical contingency, known as priority effects, varies across species and environments, but this variation has proven difficult to predict, presenting a major challenge in understanding species interactions and consequences for community structure and function. Here, we argue that improved predictions can be achieved by decomposing species' niches into three components: overlap, impact and requirement. Based on classic theories of community assembly, three hypotheses that emphasise related, but distinct influences of the niche components are proposed: priority effects are stronger among species with higher resource use overlap; species that impact the environment to a greater extent exert stronger priority effects; and species whose growth rate is more sensitive to changes in the environment experience stronger priority effects. Using nectar‐inhabiting microorganisms as a model system, we present evidence that these hypotheses complement the conventional hypothesis that focuses on the role of environmental harshness, and show that niches can be twice as predictive when separated into components. Taken together, our hypotheses provide a basis for developing a general framework within which the magnitude of historical contingency in species interactions can be predicted.
Repeated clenching causes plasticity in corticomotor control of jaw muscles
Authors: Iida Takashi , Komiyama Osamu , Obara Ryoko , Baad‐Hansen Lene , Kawara Misao , Svensson Peter 
Published: November 2013

This study tested the effect of short‐term tooth‐clenching on corticomotor excitability of the masseter muscle using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Fifteen subjects with normal stomatognathic function participated. All subjects performed a tooth‐clenching task (TCT) on five consecutive days. The TCT consisted of 10, 20, and 40% of maximum voluntary contraction in a randomized order within 1 h. All subjects underwent TMS in four sessions: pretask day 1 (baseline), post‐task day 1, pretask day 5, and post‐task day 5. Motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) from the masseter and the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscles were obtained using TMS in four sessions. Motor thresholds decreased, after the TCT, for the masseter muscle MEPs. Masseter muscle MEPs were dependent on stimulus intensity and on session, whereas FDI muscle MEPs were only dependent on stimulus intensity. Post‐hoc Tukey tests demonstrated significantly higher masseter muscle MEPs post‐task on day 5 with 80 and 90% stimulus intensity and above when compared with pre‐ and post‐task day 1 values. Our results suggest that the performance of repeated TCTs can trigger neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor control of the jaw‐closing muscles and that such neuroplastic changes may contribute to the mechanism underlying the clinical manifestations of tooth clenching.
Injury of the origin of the gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor muscles in aThoroughbred racehorse: An atypical presentation of reciprocal apparatus failure
Authors: McLellan J. , Denoix J.‐M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryDamage to the origin of the gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor muscles has been previously reported as an acute injury in both foals and adult horses. This case report describes, for the first time, the clinical onset of caudal reciprocal apparatus failure in a 2‐year‐oldThoroughbred. These signs were due to injury of the gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor muscle origins sustained prior to the onset of lameness. This condition should be considered in cases demonstrating similar clinical signs, even in the absence of known trauma or acute injury to the region.
Insights into the suppressor of T‐cell receptor (TCR) signaling‐1 (Sts‐1)‐mediated regulation of TCR signaling through the use of novel substrate‐trapping Sts‐1 phosphatase variants
Authors: Luis Boris S. , Carpino Nick 
Published: November 2013

High affinity substrate‐trapping protein tyrosine phosphatases have been widely used both to investigate the endogenous targets of many phosphatases and to address questions of substrate specificity. Herein, we extend the concept of a substrate‐trapping phosphatase to include an enzyme of the histidine phosphatase superfamily. This is the first description of substrate‐trapping technology applied to a member of the histidine phosphatase family. The phosphatase suppressor of T‐cell receptor signaling (Sts)‐1 has recently been reported to negatively regulate signaling downstream of the T‐cell receptor. We generated high‐affinity substrate‐trapping variants of Sts‐1 by mutagenesis of key active site residues within the phosphatase catalytic domain. Mutation of both the nucleophilic His380 and the general acid Glu490 yielded Sts‐1 enzymes that were catalytically inactive but showed high affinity for an important tyrosine kinase in T cells that Sts‐1 is known to regulate, Zap‐70. Sts‐1 substrate‐trapping mutants isolated tyrosine‐phosphorylated Zap‐70 from lysates of activated T cells, validating Zap‐70 as a possible substrate for Sts‐1 and highlighting the efficacy of the mutants as substrate‐trapping agents. Inhibition of the Zap‐70 interaction by vanadate suggests that the substrate‐trapping effect occurred via the Sts‐1 phosphatase active site. Finally, overexpression of Sts‐1 substrate‐trapping mutants in T cells blocked T‐cell receptor signaling, confirming the inhibitory effect of Sts‐1 on Zap‐70.Structured digital abstract

Sts-1 physically interacts with Zap-70 by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (1, 2, 3)

Zap-70 physically interacts with Sts-1 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (1, 2)

Zap-70 physically interacts with Sts-1 by pull down (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Direct interaction of natural and synthetic catechins with signal transducer activator of transcription 1 affects both its phosphorylation and activity
Authors: Menegazzi Marta , Mariotto Sofia , Dal Bosco Martina , Darra Elena , Vaiana Nadia , Shoji Kazuo , Safwat Abdel‐Azeim , Marechal Jean Didier , Perahia David , Suzuki Hisanori , Romeo Sergio 
Published: November 2013

Our previous studies showed that (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) inhibits signal transducer activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation. Since EGCG may be a promising lead compound for new anti‐STAT1 drug design, 15 synthetic catechins, characterized by the (−)‐gallocatechin‐3‐gallate stereochemistry, were studied in the human mammary MDA‐MB‐231 cell line to identify the minimal structural features that preserve the anti‐STAT1 activity. We demonstrate that the presence of three hydroxyl groups of B ring and one hydroxyl group in D ring is essential to preserve their inhibitory action. Moreover, a possible molecular target of these compounds in the STAT1 pathway was investigated. Our results demonstrate a direct interaction between STAT1 protein and catechins displaying anti‐STAT1 activity. In particular, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and molecular modeling indicate the presence of two putative binding sites (a and b) with different affinity. Based on docking data, site‐directed mutagenesis was performed, and interaction of the most active catechins with STAT1 was studied with SPR to test whether Gln518 on site a and His568 on site b could be important for the catechin–STAT1 interaction. Data indicate that site b has higher affinity for catechins than site a as the highest affinity constant disappears in the H568A‐STAT1 mutant. Furthermore, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) kinase assay data suggest that the contemporary presence in vitro of STAT1 and catechins inhibits JAK2‐elicited STAT1 phosphorylation. The very tight catechin–STAT1 interaction prevents STAT1 phosphorylation and represents a novel, specific and efficient molecular mechanism for the inhibition of STAT1 activation.Structured digital abstract

Jak2 phosphorylates STAT1 by protein kinase assay (View interaction)
Pharmacokinetic analysis of anti‐hemophilic factor in the obese patient
Authors: Graham A. , Jaworski K. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryStandard dosing for individuals with hemophilia A is based on body weight such that 50 IU kg−1 is defined as a 100% dose, or one attaining 1.00 IU mL−1 factor VIII (FVIII) clotting activity. No guidelines exist, however, for individuals with hemophilia who are obese, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30, who may actually be ‘over’‐treated based on higher in vivo recovery based on higher weight. Alternative treatment guidelines are needed for such patients. To determine FVIII pharmacokinetics we retrospectively collected data during ideal‐body‐weight dosing from six obese (BMI ≥ 30) hemophilia A patients cared for at the Hemophilia Center of Western PA, for prophylaxis or surgery. The pharmacokinetic data from six subjects undergoing ideal‐body‐weight dosing with recombinant FVIII indicate peak levels and half‐life comparable to standard 50 IU kg−1 dosing. The mean peak FVIII:C was 1.00 IU dL−1 and the mean FVIII:C half‐life was 10.14 h. IBW‐dosing resulted in an average 48.9% reduction in factor use per patient over a 3‐month period, for an annualized savings of $133 000 per patient. Ideal‐body‐weight dosing of recombinant FVIII in obese patients with hemophilia A results in comparable pharmacokinetics, including peak and half‐life, with comparable hemostatic efficacy for prophylaxis and surgical treatment, at a significant reduction in factor use and cost. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings in individuals with other congenital bleeding disorders and in children.
Combating plagiarism: the role of the health librarian
Authors: Spring Hannah , Adams Rachel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis feature looks at the issue of plagiarism in health care students and the role of the health librarian in combating the problem. In particular, consideration is given to how plagiarism can occur and provides some examples from two UK universities of approaches health librarians can take in supporting students to avoid these common pitfalls.H.S.
Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation‐specific immunohistochemical antibodies in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Allo Ghassan , Bandarchi Bizhan , Yanagawa Naoki , Wang Ami , Shih Warren , Xu Jing , Dalby Morgan , Nitta Hiroaki , To Christine , Liu Ni , Sykes Jenna , Tsao Ming S 
Published: November 2013

AimsWe investigated the sensitivity and specificity of two novel Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation‐specific antibodies in the detection of the most common EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma.Methods and resultsA total of 241 resected lung adenocarcinoma specimens and six resected post‐neoadjuvant gefitinib adenocarcinomas were analysed for EGFR mutation using mass spectrometry, fragment analysis and direct PCR sequencing platforms. Tissue arrays and/or full sections of these cases were evaluated using immunohistochemistry with two novel antibodies (clones SP125 and SP111) and two previously reported antibodies (clones 43B2 and 6B6), specific for L858R or 15‐nucleotide exon‐19 deletion EGFR mutations. SP125 antibody detected EGFR L858R mutation with a sensitivity of 76% and positive predictive value of 73%. SP111 antibody stained the 15‐nucleotide EGFR exon‐19 deletions with a sensitivity of 83% and a positive predictive value of 94%. Pretreatment with gefitinib did not affect antibody performance. Full‐section immunohistochemical staining detected heterogeneous mutant EGFR proteins expression in tumours, and revealed L858R mutation in the non‐neoplastic bronchial epithelium adjacent to EGFR L858R‐carrying carcinomas in three of 16 (19%) cases.ConclusionsImmunohistochemistry using EGFR mutant‐specific antibodies may be useful in shortening the diagnostic time of lung adenocarcinoma with most common EGFR mutations, especially in samples with low tumour cellularity.
Microstructural, Physical, and Fluid Dynamic Assessment of Spinel‐Based and Phosphate‐Bonded Investments for Dental Applications
Authors: Innocentini Murilo D. M. , Chacon Welton S. , Caldato Rafael. F. , Paula Gustavo R. , Adabo Gelson L. 
Published: November 2013

This work reports the experimental evaluation of physical and gas permeation parameters of four spinel‐based investments developed with or without inclusion of sacrificial fillers. Data were compared with those of three commercial formulations. Airflow tests were conducted from 27 to 546°C, and permeability coefficients were fitted from Forchheimer's equation. Skeletal densities found for spinel‐ (ρs = 3635 ± 165 kg/m3) and phosphate‐bonded (ρs = 2686 ± 11 kg/m3) samples were in agreement with the literature. The developed investments were more porous and less permeable than commercial brands, and the differences were ascribed to the different pore morphologies and hydraulic pore sizes of ceramic matrices. The inclusion of both fibers and microbeads resulted in increases of total porosity (42.6–56.6%) and of Darcian permeability coefficient k1 (0.76 × 10−14–7.03 × 10−14 m2). Air permeation was hindered by increasing flow temperatures, and the effect was related to the influence of gas viscosity on ΔP, in accordance with Darcy's law. Casting quality with molten titanium (CP Ti) was directly proportional to the permeability level of the spinel‐based investments. However, the high reactivity of the silica‐based investment RP and the formation of α‐case during casting hindered the benefits of the highest permeability level of this commercial brand.
Glass‐Ceramic Composites from Borosilicate Glass and Alumina‐Rich Residues
Authors: Chinnam Rama Krishna , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Bernardo Enrico , Epstein Howard 
Published: November 2013

Valoxy, an alumina‐rich waste, was mixed with borosilicate glass (BSG) powder in 10, 20, and 30 wt% concentrations. Sintering was carried out at 850 and 950°C for 30 min. Glass‐ceramics (GC) were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Diametral compression strength (DCS) tests were performed on sintered samples before and after thermal shock. GC samples containing calcined Valoxy showed superior properties in all compositions and processing temperatures compared with samples containing as‐received Valoxy. Maximum density of 2.2 g/cm3, water absorption below 1 wt% and DCS of ~24MPa were measured for 10 wt% calcined Valoxy + BSG GC composites sintered at 850°C.
RNA‐sequencing analysis reveals abundant developmental stage‐specific and immunity‐related genes in the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus
Authors: Vogel H. , Badapanda C. , Knorr E. , Vilcinskas A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus) is a major pest of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and other cruciferous crops in Europe. Pesticide‐resistant pollen beetle populations are emerging, increasing the economic impact of this species. We isolated total RNA from the larval and adult stages, the latter either naïve or immunized by injection with bacteria and yeast. High‐throughput RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) was carried out to establish a comprehensive transcriptome catalogue and to screen for developmental stage‐specific and immunity‐related transcripts. We assembled the transcriptome de novo by combining sequence tags from all developmental stages and treatments. Gene expression data based on normalized read counts revealed several functional gene categories that were differentially expressed between larvae and adults, particularly genes associated with digestion and detoxification that were induced in larvae, and genes associated with reproduction and environmental signalling that were induced in adults. We also identified many genes associated with microbe recognition, immunity‐related signalling and defence effectors, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lysozymes. Digital gene expression analysis revealed significant differences in the profile of AMPs expressed in larvae, naïve adults and immune‐challenged adults, providing insight into the steady‐state differences between developmental stages and the complex transcriptional remodelling that occurs following the induction of immunity. Our data provide insight into the adaptive mechanisms used by phytophagous insects and could lead to the development of more effective control strategies for insect pests.
Similar, but still different: how US multinational companies in Germany and Switzerland use host‐country training and skill practices
Authors: Kluike Marlies , Pull Kerstin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe examine in how far US subsidiaries in Germany and Switzerland display characteristics of a strategic fit with their host country and mostly find support for our predictions. Subsequently we determine each subsidiary's host‐country fit and test for within country differences in using local training and skill practices. We find the extent of continuing vocational education and training and the extent to which training on the job is important to vary with host‐country fit in Germany, while in Switzerland, as predicted, we find no such relations.
Diabetic foot wounds: the value of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation
Authors: Dalla Paola Luca 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChronic wounds such as diabetic foot wounds are a tremendous burden to the health care system and often require a multidisciplinary approach to prevent amputations. Advanced technologies such as negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and bioengineered tissues have been successfully used in the treatment of these types of complex wounds. However, the introduction of NPWT with instillation (NPWTi) has provided an alternative treatment for treating complex and difficult‐to‐heal wounds. This article provides an overview of NPWT and the new NPWTi system and describes preliminary experience using NPWTi on patients with complicated infected diabetic foot wounds after surgical debridement and in a multidisciplinary setting.
Surgical site infections: epidemiology and microbiological aspects in trauma and orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Cooper Rose A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCausative agents of wound infections and the routes by which they access surgical incision sites have been recognised for more than a century. Despite knowledge of the factors that influence the risks of surgical site infections (SSIs) and the means to prevent and/or control them, surgical patients still get infections. Traditional systems of classifying and diagnosing SSIs and the diversity of microbial flora reported in contemporary SSIs will be described. Strategies available to prevent and control SSIs will be critically reviewed and the need to develop alternative approaches will be discussed.
The effect of negative pressure wound therapy with periodic instillation using antimicrobial solutions on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on porcine skin explants
Authors: Phillips Priscilla L , Yang Qingping , Schultz Gregory S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy with instillation (NPWTi) is increasingly used as an adjunct therapy for a wide variety of infected wounds. However, the effect of NPWTi on mature biofilm in wounds has not been determined. This study assessed the effects of NPWTi using saline or various antimicrobial solutions on mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm using an ex vivo porcine skin explant biofilm model. Treatment consisted of six cycles with 10‐minute exposure to instillation solution followed by 4 hours of negative pressure at −125 mm Hg over a 24‐hour period. NPWTi using saline reduced bacterial levels by 1‐log (logarithmic) of 7‐log total colony‐forming units (CFUs). In contrast, instillation of 1% povidone iodine (2‐log), L‐solution (3‐log), 0·05% chlorhexidine gluconate (3‐log), 0·1% polyhexamethylene biguanide (4‐log), 0·2% polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (4‐log) and 10% povidone iodine (5‐log), all significantly reduced (P < 0·001) total CFUs. Scanning electron micrographs showed disrupted exopolymeric matrix of biofilms and damaged bacterial cells that correlated with CFU levels. Compared with previous studies assessing microbicidal effects of topical antimicrobial dressings on biofilms cultured on porcine skin explants, these ex vivo model data suggest that NPWTi with delivery of active antimicrobial agents enhances the reduction of CFUs by increasing destruction and removal of biofilm bacteria. These results must be confirmed in human studies.
Recommendations on negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and antimicrobial solutions – when, where and how to use: what does the evidence show?
Authors: Back David A , Scheuermann‐Poley Catharina , Willy Christian 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInfections of contaminated or colonised acute or chronic wounds remain a grave risk for patients even today. Despite modern surgical debridement concepts and antibiotics, a great need exists for new therapies in wound management. Since the late 1990s, advantageous effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) have been combined with local antiseptic wound cleansing in the development of NPWT with instillation (NPWTi). This article summarises the current scientific knowledge on this topic. MEDLINE literature searches were performed on the subject of negative pressure wound and instillation therapy covering publications from the years 1990 to 2013 (36 peer‐reviewed citations) and regarding randomised controlled trials (RCTs) covering wound care with bone involvement (27 publications) or soft‐tissue wounds without bone participation (11 publications) from 2005 to 2012. The use of NPWTi in the therapy of infected wounds appears to be not yet widespread, and literature is poor and inhomogeneous. However, some reports indicate an outstanding benefit of NPWTi for patients, using antiseptics such as polyhexanide (concentration 0·005–0·04%) and acetic acid (concentration 0·25–1%) in acute and chronic infected wounds and povidone‐iodine (10% solution) as prophylaxis in contaminated wounds with potential viral infection. Soaking times are recommended to be 20 minutes each, using cycle frequencies of four to eight cycles per day. Additionally, the prophylactic use of NPWTi with these substances can be recommended in contaminated wounds that cannot be closed primarily with surgical means. Although first recommendations may be given currently, there is a great need for RCTs and multicentre studies to define evidence‐based guidelines for an easier approach to reach the decision on how to use NPWTi.