bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Biomarker Signature That May Predict Aggressive Disease in African American Men With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yamoah Kosj , Johnson Michael H. , Choeurng Voleak , Faisal Farzana A. , Yousefi Kasra , Haddad Zaid , Ross Ashley E. , Alshalafa Mohammed , Den Robert , Lal Priti , Feldman Michael , Dicker Adam P. , Klein Eric A. , Davicioni Elai , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Schaeffer Edward M. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose We studied the ethnicity-specific expression of prostate cancer (PC) –associated biomarkers to evaluate whether genetic/biologic factors affect ethnic disparities in PC pathogenesis and disease progression. Patients and Methods A total of 154 African American (AA) and 243 European American (EA) patients from four medical centers were matched according to the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment postsurgical score within each institution. The distribution of mRNA expression levels of 20 validated biomarkers reported to be associated with PC initiation and progression was compared with ethnicity using false discovery rate, adjusted Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, and logistic regression models. A conditional logistic regression model was used to evaluate the interaction between ethnicity and biomarkers for predicting clinicopathologic outcomes. Results Of the 20 biomarkers examined, six showed statistically significant differential expression in AA compared with EA men in one or more statistical models. These include ERG (P < .001), AMACR (P < .001), SPINK1 (P = .001), NKX3-1 (P = .03), GOLM1 (P = .03), and androgen receptor (P = .04). Dysregulation of AMACR (P = .036), ERG (P = .036), FOXP1 (P = .041), and GSTP1 (P = .049) as well as loss-of-function mutations for tumor suppressors NKX3-1 (P = .025) and RB1 (P = .037) predicted risk of pathologic T3 disease in an ethnicity-dependent manner. Dysregulation of GOLM1 (P = .037), SRD5A2 (P = .023), and MKi67 (P = .023) predicted clinical outcomes, including 3-year biochemical recurrence and metastasis at 5 years. A greater proportion of AA men than EA men had triple-negative (ERG-negative/ETS-negative/SPINK1-negative) disease (51% v 35%; P = .002). Conclusion We have identified a subset of PC biomarkers that predict the risk of clinicopathologic outcomes in an ethnicity-dependent manner. These biomarkers may explain in part the biologic contribution to ethnic disparity in PC outcomes between EA and AA men.
Improvements in US Breast Cancer Survival and Proportion Explained by Tumor Size and Estrogen-Receptor Status
Authors: Park Ju-Hyun , Anderson William F. , Gail Mitchell H. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose Breast cancer mortality began declining in many Western countries during the late 1980s. We estimated the proportion of improvements in stage- and age-specific breast cancer survival in the United States explained by tumor size or estrogen receptor (ER) status. Methods We estimated hazard ratios for breast cancer–specific death from time of invasive breast cancer diagnosis in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 Registries Database from 1973 to 2010, with and without stratification by tumor size and ER status. Results Hazards from breast cancer–specific death declined from 1973 to 2010, not only in the first 5 years after diagnosis, but also thereafter. Stratification by tumor size explained less than 17% of the improvements comparing 2005 to 2010 versus 1973 to 1979, except for women age ≥ 70 years with local (49%) or regional (38%) disease. Tumor size usually accounted for more of the improvement in the first 5 years after diagnosis than later. Additional adjustment for ER status (positive, negative, or unknown) from 1990 to 2010 did not explain much more of the improvement, except for women age ≥ 70 years within 5 years after diagnosis. Conclusion Most stage-specific survival improvement in women younger than age 70 years old is unexplained by tumor size and ER status, suggesting a key role for treatment. In the first 5 years after diagnosis, tumor size contributed importantly for women ≥ 70 years old with local and regional stage, and stratification by tumor size and ER status explained even more of the survival improvement among women age ≥ 70 years.
Impact of Age and Primary Disease Site on Outcome in Women With Low-Grade Serous Carcinoma of the Ovary or Peritoneum: Results of a Large Single-Institution Registry of a Rare Tumor
Authors: Gershenson David M. , Bodurka Diane C. , Lu Karen H. , Nathan Lisa C. , Milojevic Ljiljana , Wong Kwong K. , Malpica Anais , Sun Charlotte C. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose Low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary (LGSOC) or peritoneum (LGSPC) is a rare subtype of ovarian or peritoneal cancer characterized by young age at diagnosis and relative resistance to chemotherapy. The purpose of this study is to report our updated experience with women diagnosed with LGSOC or LGSPC to assess the validity of our original observations. Patients and Methods Eligibility criteria for patients from our database were: stage I to IV LGSOC or LGSPC, original diagnosis before January 2012, and adequate clinical information. All patients were included in progression-free survival, overall survival, and multivariable Cox regression analyses. A subset analysis was performed among patients with stage II to IV low-grade serous carcinoma treated with primary surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. Results We identified 350 eligible patients. Median progression-free survival was 28.1 months; median overall survival was 101.7 months. In the multivariable analysis, compared with women age ≤ 35 years, those diagnosed at age > 35 years had a 43% reduction in likelihood of dying (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.74; P < .001). Having disease present at completion of primary therapy was associated with a 1.78 increased hazard of dying compared with being clinically disease free (P < .001). Similar trends were noted in the smaller patient cohort. In this cohort, women with LGSPC had a 41% decreased chance of dying (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.98; P = .04) compared with those with LGSOC. Conclusion Women age < 35 years with low-grade serous carcinoma and those with persistent disease at completion of primary therapy have the worst outcomes. Patients with LGSPC seem to have a better prognosis than those with LGSOC.
Use of Biomarkers to Guide Decisions on Systemic Therapy for Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Van Poznak Catherine , Somerfield Mark R. , Bast Robert C. , Cristofanilli Massimo , Goetz Matthew P. , Gonzalez-Angulo Ana M. , Hicks David G. , Hill Elizabeth G. , Liu Minetta C. , Lucas Wanda , Mayer Ingrid A. , Mennel Robert G. , Symmans William F. , Hayes Daniel F. , Harris Lyndsay N. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose To provide recommendations on the appropriate use of breast tumor biomarker assay results to guide decisions on systemic therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Methods A literature search and prospectively defined study selection identified systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective–retrospective studies, and prospective comparative observational studies published from 2006 through September 2014. Results The literature search revealed 17 articles that met criteria for further review: 11 studies reporting discordances between primary tumors and metastases in expression of hormone receptors or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), one RCT that addressed the use of a biomarker to decide whether to change or continue a treatment regimen, and five prospective–retrospective studies that evaluated the clinical utility of biomarkers. Recommendations In patients with accessible metastases, biopsy for confirmation of disease process and retesting of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status should be offered, but evidence is lacking to determine whether changing anticancer treatment on the basis of change in receptor status affects clinical outcomes. With discordance of results between primary and metastatic tissues, the Panel consensus is to use preferentially the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status of the metastasis to direct therapy if supported by the clinical scenario and patient's goals for care. Carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 15-3, and cancer antigen 27-29 may be used as adjunctive assessments, but not alone, to contribute to decisions regarding therapy. Recommendations for tumor rebiopsy and use of circulating tumor markers are based on clinical experience and Panel informal consensus in the absence of studies designed to evaluate the clinical utility of the markers. As such, it is also reasonable for clinicians to not use these markers as adjunctive assessments.
PTH(1–34) for Surgical Hypoparathyroidism: A Prospective, Open-Label Investigation of Efficacy and Quality of Life
Authors: Santonati Assunta , Palermo Andrea , Maddaloni Ernesto , Bosco Daniela , Spada Antonio , Grimaldi Franco , Raggiunti Bruno , Volpe Raffaele , Manfrini Silvia , Vescini Fabio ,   the Hypoparathyroidism AME Group
Published: July 2015

Context:
Conventional therapy for hypoparathyroidism consists of calcium and calcitriol, but sometimes normal serum calcium cannot be maintained, and/or this approach might lead to nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, or renal insufficiency.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of 6 months of PTH(1–34) treatment in adult subjects with postoperative hypoparathyroidism and to evaluate quality-of-life changes.

Design:
This was a 2-year prospective, open-label study. At baseline and after 6 months of PTH(1–34) treatment, calcium and vitamin D supplementation requirements, serum calcium, phosphate, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, and 24-hour urinary calcium excretion were evaluated. Quality of life was evaluated by the Rand 36-Item Short Form Health Survey covering eight domains of physical and mental health.

Setting:
This was an Italian multicentric study.

Participants:
Participants included 42 subjects with surgical hypoparathyroidism (90% females, age range 34–77 y).

Intervention:
The intervention included a twice-daily PTH(1–34) 20 μg sc injection.

Results:
The mean serum calcium levels significantly increased from baseline to 15 days (7.6 ± 0.6 vs 9.1 ± 0.9 mg/dL, P &lt; .001) and remained stable until the end of the observational period, despite a significant reduction in calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Phosphate levels gradually decreased from baseline to the sixth month (P = .005 for the trend), whereas the alkaline phosphatase increased (P &lt; .001). Data from the Rand 36-Item Short Form Health Survey showed a significant improvement in the mean scores of all eight domains (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion:
This is the largest study that demonstrates the effectiveness of PTH(1–34) in the treatment of adult patients with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, and it shows that PTH(1–34) may improve the mental and physical health in hypoparathyroid subjects.
Like Surfers Waiting for the Big Wave: Health Care Politics in Italy
Authors: Toth Federico 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article focuses on the main health reforms enacted in Italy over the past one hundred years. Such reforms were all undertaken in conjunction with a severe political and institutional crisis. The 1943 reform was approved a few weeks before the fall of the Fascist regime. The National Health Service, established by Law No. 833 of 1978 and enacted during one of the most turbulent times in the history of the country, represented the apex of the brief experience of the “national solidarity” governments. Even the 1992–93 reform was put into effect in the midst of the Tangentopoli scandal, which marked the transition from the First Republic to the so-called Second Republic. To attempt an analysis of the main turning points in Italian health care policies, the well-known multiple streams approach is adopted.
The Politics of Universal Health Coverage in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Framework for Evaluation and Action
Authors: Fox Ashley M. , Reich Michael R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUniversal health coverage has recently become a top item on the global health agenda pressed by multilateral and donor organizations, as disenchantment grows with vertical, disease-specific health programs. This increasing focus on universal health coverage has brought renewed attention to the role of domestic politics and the interaction between domestic and international relations in the health reform process. This article proposes a theory-based framework for analyzing the politics of health reform for universal health coverage, according to four stages in the policy cycle (agenda setting, design, adoption, and implementation) and four variables that affect reform (interests, institutions, ideas, and ideology). This framework can assist global health policy researchers, multilateral organization officials, and national policy makers in navigating the complex political waters of health reforms aimed at achieving universal health coverage. To derive the framework, we critically review the theoretical and applied literature on health policy reform in developing countries and illustrate the framework with examples of health reforms moving toward universal coverage in low- and middle-income countries. We offer a series of lessons stemming from these experiences to date.
Templated Synthesis for Nanoarchitectured Porous Materials
Authors: Malgras Victor , Ji Qingmin , Kamachi Yuichiro , Mori Taizo , Shieh Fa-Kuen , Wu Kevin C-W , Ariga Katsuhiko , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Nowadays a wide variety of synthesis techniques are utilized to produce nanoporous materials. In this review, we summarize the general principles of templated synthesis using various types of templates and cover recent developments in this area.
Catalytic Carbon–Nitrogen Bond-Forming Cross-Coupling Using N-Trimethylsilylamines
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Komiyama Takeshi , Shimizu Kenta , Hiyama Tamejiro , Goto Osamu , Ikehira Hideyuki 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Carbon–nitrogen bond-forming cross-coupling reaction of haloarenes with N-trimethylsilyl (TMS)-substituted secondary and primary arylamines proceeded with the aid of a palladium catalyst and a fluoride activator. Various TMS-N(aryl)2, TMS-NH(aryl), and TMS-N(alkyl)2 reacted to give the corresponding coupled products in high yields. Multi-TMS-amine nucleophiles such as N,N-(TMS)2-aniline and N,N′-Ph2-N,N′-(TMS)2-p-phenylenediamine also participated in this C–N coupling to give multiply C–N coupled products in high yields. The novel C–N cross-coupling reaction was successfully applied to C–N bond-forming polymerization. Relative rates of the cross-coupling of p-bromotoluene with N-TMS-substituted primary and secondary amines showed that N-TMS-diphenylamine reacted faster than N-TMS-N-methylaniline or N-TMS-aniline, and N-TMS-morpholine was the least reactive, indicating that the low basicity of the nitrogen nucleophile is the key for the smooth coupling.
The Impact of Combining Conformance and Experiential Quality on Hospitals’ Readmissions and Cost Performance
Authors: Senot Claire , Chandrasekaran Aravind , Ward Peter T. , Tucker Anita L. , Moffatt-Bruce Susan D. 
Published: July 2015

To investigate the opportunity for hospitals to achieve better care at lower cost, we examine two key process quality measures, conformance quality and experiential quality, and two measures of performance, readmission rate and cost per discharge. Conformance quality represents a hospital’s level of adherence to evidence-based standards of care, whereas experiential quality represents the level of interaction between hospital’s caregivers and patients. Analyzing six years of data from 3,474 U.S. acute care hospitals, we find that combining conformance and experiential quality results in lower readmission rates. However, conformance quality and experiential quality each independently increase cost per discharge, which suggests that a readmissions–costs trade-off is unavoidable. To investigate this further, we conduct post hoc analyses by distinguishing between the granular elements of experiential quality (EQ) based on task type: response-focused EQ and communication-focused EQ. Response-focused EQ measures caregivers’ ability to respond to patient’s explicit needs, whereas communication-focused EQ measures caregivers’ ability to engage in meaningful conversations with the patient. We find that combining communication-focused EQ with conformance quality reduces readmission rates. Moreover, as conformance quality increases, the cost of improving communication-focused EQ decreases, indicating complementarity. Response-focused EQ in combination with conformance quality also results in reduced readmission rates. However, as conformance quality increases, the cost of improving response-focused EQ also increases, suggesting that these dimensions might compete for resources. Taken together, our results suggest that hospital administrators can mitigate the trade-off between reducing readmissions and controlling costs by prioritizing communication-focused EQ over response-focused EQ. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Numerical Algebra, Matrix Theory, Differential-Algebraic Equations, and Control Theory
Authors: Benner Peter 
Published: July 2015

The conference "
Numerical Algebra, Matrix Theory, Differential-Algebraic Equations, and Control Theory
" brought together about 160 experts in the mathematical research fields mentioned in its title. These research areas are strongly related and they often occur in the same real-world application. Main areas where such applications emerge are computational engineering and sciences, but increasingly also social sciences and economics.The conference was dedicated to Volker Mehrmann on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Volker Mehrmann is a leading expert in the areas of the conference, and in a unique manner unifies expertise in the mathematical fields providing the title of this conference.
Besides 24 invited and 16 contributed talks, the scientific program of the conference included a Poster Session, starting with a Poster Blitz, providing the participants with the opportunity to advertise their posters in a 1-minute presentation. This collection shows some of the posters presented there.
Efectos de la crisis en la estructura ocupacional y la biografia laboral de la población inmigrante
Authors: Carrasco Carpio Concepción , García-Serrano Carlos 
Published: July 2015

Este artículo tiene como objetivo profundizar en el estudio del cambio ocupacional y de las trayectorias laborales de los individuos a lo largo del tiempo para ofrecer una visión más amplia del efecto de la crisis económica de 2008-2013 sobre el empleo. Para ello se utilizan los microdatos de la Encuesta de Población Activa y se realiza una comparación entre tres colectivos: españoles nacidos en España, españoles nacidos fuera de España.y extranjeros nacidos fuera de España. Los resultados avalan para el colectivo de extranjeros nacidos fuera la existencia de una estructuraocupacional segmentada hacia puestos de naturaleza manual (tanto cualificada como no cualificada), hecho que ha potenciado una pérdida de ocupación en la biografía laboral de las cohortes de individuos más jóvenes en el periodo recesivo.
Inmigrantes extranjeros en el mercado de trabajo español: ¿más resilientes o más vulnerables al impacto de la crisis?
Authors: Gil-Alonso Fernando , Vidal-Coso Elena 
Published: July 2015

Utilizando datos de la Encuesta de Población Activa para el período entre el tercer trimestre de 2007, momento previo al inicio de la crisis económica, y el primero de 2014 (últimos datos disponibles en el momento de redactar este artículo), el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el impacto de la recesión económica sobre los niveles de empleo de la población española y extranjera de ambos sexos. Se pretende contestar a la pregunta de si los inmigrantesextranjeros son más vulnerables al impacto de la crisis o si, comopretenden otros autores, son más resilientes que los trabajadoresnativos al empeoramiento de las condiciones del mercado de trabajo.Los resultados muestran que tras una primera mitad de la crisisen la que los inmigrantes extranjeros fueron los más resilientes, enla segunda parte, desde mediados de 2011 y especialmente desdeinicios de 2013, han pasado a ser los más afectados.
Jornaleros inmigrantes en la agricultura murciana: reflexiones sobre crisis, inmigración y empleo agrícola
Authors: Gadea María Elena , De Castro Carlos , Pedreño Andrés , Moraes Natalia 
Published: July 2015

En las últimas décadas, España ha basado su crecimiento económico en sectores intensivos en mano de obra, caracterizados por condiciones laborales precarias, donde los trabajadores inmigrantes han jugado un papel fundamental ante la escasez de mano de obra autóctona. El artículo reflexiona sobre los vínculosentre uno de estos sectores, la agricultura intensiva de exportación, y el empleo de trabajadores extranjeros, con especial atención a la segregación por género y etnia de este mercado de trabajo, las condiciones laborales de los jornaleros inmigrantes y al impacto de la actual crisis económica sobre el empleo en este sector.
La decisión de retornar en tiempos de crisis. Una perspectiva comparada de los migrantes ecuatorianos y rumanos en España
Authors: López de Lera Diego , Pérez-Caramés Antía 
Published: July 2015

En este artículo abordaremos los procesos de toma de decisión sobre el retorno por parte de los migrantes residentes en España en el actual contexto de crisis, que ha supuesto, en muchos casos y tal y como analizaremos, la pérdida del empleo y de la regularidad administrativa. El fenómeno del retorno se enmarcaráen el cambio de ciclo migratorio que está viviendo España a través del análisis demográfico de la trayectoria reciente de los flujos migratorios. Se estudiará de manera comparada la toma de decisiones y el diseño de estrategias en torno al proyecto migratorio y al retorno en particular para dos de los colectivos de migrantes con mayor presencia en España: ecuatorianos y rumanos, presentandolos principales elementos que se tienen en consideración a la hora de emprender el camino de regreso a origen.
Crisis y estrategias migratorias de reproducción social. un análisis a partir del estudio de la migración ecuatoriana
Authors: Sanz Abad Jesús 
Published: July 2015

Las trayectorias migratorias se caracterizan cada vez más por su carácter cambiante y por presentar continuas rupturas, transformaciones y recomposiciones en función de las circunstancias globales y de las estrategias de reproducción social desarrolladas por los migrantes. Este artículo analiza algunas de estas estrategias de reproducción social desarrolladas por parte de los migrantes en un contexto de crisis económica partiendo del análisis del caso ecuatoriano. En él se presta especial atención a aquellos aspectos que son más determinantes en la construcción del proyecto migratorio y a las formasen que se produce la articulación de las estrategias productivas yreproductivas dentro del grupo doméstico.En el texto, se señala la necesidad de pensar de forma unitaria y englobadora el proyecto migratorio y el retorno como parte de un mismo proceso a la vez que se destaca la importancia de adoptar una perspectiva procesual en el análisis de las migraciones