bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Burstiness in Sociolinguistic Profiling of Radical-Criminal Communications: Corpus Method-Assisted Meaning Extraction for Investigative Leads
Authors: Etaywe Awni 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPositioned within linguistic profiling research as in Shuy’s work (The language of murder cases: intentionality, predisposition, and voluntariness. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014), this study introduces the concept of ‘conceptual burstiness’ to computer-assisted sociolinguistic profiling, demonstrating how to uncover investigative leads within terrorist threatening communications. Leveraging corpus analysis methods and semiotic clues, the study chiefly utilises AntConc (a software tool developed by Anthony, AntConc (Version 3.5.8) [Computer software]. Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, 2019) to scrutinise word frequency and concordance lines, revealing distinct lexical preferences and their semantic proximity as recurrent thematic elements colouring the semantics of criminal texts. As a case study, the article examines 20 public statements attributed to notorious figures: the far-rightist Brenton Tarrant and jihadists Osama bin Laden, Abubakar Shekau, and Abubaker al-Baghdadi. Analysis conducted revealed repeated lemmas making up around 21.65% of the entire texts and encoding the semantic nature of the terrorist texts, giving rise to propelled conceptual burstiness categories as: (i) a function of the discursive purpose to which different lemmas converging within the same semantic fields are used in the forensic texts (e.g. introducing a radical concept and persuading the audience); and (ii) a reflection of the regularities in symbolic capital and repertoire of concepts to which the authors adhere. These discernible patterns reflect each author’s adherence to religious or ethnonationalist ideologies, patterns of violent-pathway language, agendas of control and dominance, and attribution practices that signal ideological stances and characteristic rhetorical devices. Integrating insights into the threat assessment framework TRAP-18 (Meloy & Gill, J Threat Assess Manag 3(1):37, 2016), the study offers a ‘post-diction’ (i.e. retrospective) lens on traditional risk assessment methods. The analysis of conceptual choices reveals patterns aligning with TRAP-18 categories of proximal warning behaviour and distal characteristics of terrorist communications, enhancing security and law enforcement professionals’ predictive ability and identifying pathways to radicalisation, fixation, identification with violent individuals and groups, desperation, or ‘last resort behaviour.’ The conceptual burstiness method promises insights for counter-terrorism efforts, informing accelerated investigatory and intervention protocols and objectionable content moderation online.
Riot Like a Girl? Gender-Stereotypical Associations Boost Support for Feminist Online Campaigns
Authors: Witkowska Marta , Beneda Marta , Nikadon Jan , Suitner Caterina , Casara Bruno Gabriel Salvador , Formanowicz Magdalena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe current study examined whether congruence with gender stereotypes is associated with support for online feminist campaigns. In Study 1 (Ntweets = 510,000), we investigated how two real-world movements (i.e., #metoo and #sexstrike) were viewed in terms of adhering to the traditional feminine stereotype of high warmth/communion and low competence/agency, as per language used in the tweets posted within each campaign. We found that the #metoo movement was characterised by more communal and less agentic content than #sexstrike. In Study 2 (N = 195), when presented with descriptions of the movements modelled after #metoo and #sexstrike, participants associated the #metoo-like campaign with more feminine (e.g., community orientation) and less masculine concepts (e.g., rebelliousness), which, in turn, translated to greater declared support for the campaign. In Study 3 (N = 446), conducted in a more controlled and context-independent setting, we once again observed the link between the gender stereotypes attached to feminist movements and the support they received. We also found that this effect was independent of the effect of perceiving movements as violating social norms. Controlling for feminist identification, political conservatism, and gender system justification did not affect the pattern of results. Uncovering these stereotype-related effects on support for feminist movements furthers understanding of the strategies that might be used in the fight for gender equality.
SB-ETAS: using simulation based inference for scalable, likelihood-free inference for the ETAS model of earthquake occurrences
Authors: Stockman Samuel , Lawson Daniel J. , Werner Maximilian J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rapid growth of earthquake catalogs, driven by machine learning-based phase picking and denser seismic networks, calls for the application of a broader range of models to determine whether the new data enhances earthquake forecasting capabilities. Additionally, this growth demands that existing forecasting models efficiently scale to handle the increased data volume. Approximate inference methods such as , which is based on the Integrated nested Laplace approximation, offer improved computational efficiencies and the ability to perform inference on more complex point-process models compared to traditional MCMC approaches. We present SB-ETAS: a simulation based inference procedure for the epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model. This approximate Bayesian method uses sequential neural posterior estimation (SNPE) to learn posterior distributions from simulations, rather than typical MCMC sampling using the likelihood. On synthetic earthquake catalogs, SB-ETAS provides better coverage of ETAS posterior distributions compared with . Furthermore, we demonstrate that using a simulation based procedure for inference improves the scalability from $$\mathcal {O}(n^2)$$

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to $$\mathcal {O}(n\log n)$$

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(
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. This makes it feasible to fit to very large earthquake catalogs, such as one for Southern California dating back to 1981. SB-ETAS can find Bayesian estimates of ETAS parameters for this catalog in less than 10 h on a standard laptop, a task that would have taken over 2 weeks using MCMC. Beyond the standard ETAS model, this simulation based framework allows earthquake modellers to define and infer parameters for much more complex models by removing the need to define a likelihood function.
Epistemic logic with partial grasp
Authors: Silva Francisca 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe have to gain from recognizing a relation between epistemic agents and the parts of subject matters that play a role in their cognitive lives. I call this relation “grasping”. Namely, I zone in on one notion of having a partial grasp of a subject matter—that of agents grasping part of the subject matter that they are attending to—and characterize it. I propose that giving up the idealization that we fully grasp the subject matters we attend to allows one to more realistically characterize the epistemic life of agents. To show this, I propose an epistemic logic with partial grasp that has in mind considerations from first-order aboutness theory with the aim of avoiding certain forms of logical omniscience, and which provides an alternative to immanent closure (Yablo Aboutness, Princeton University Press, 2014).
Versatile Terahertz Metamaterial Sensor for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Tammam Mahmoud Maree E. , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Elkaramany Essam M. A. , Ali Tamer A. , Obayya S. S. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, we propose a THz metamaterial for biomedical applications. The full vectorial finite element method is used to design and analyze the reported biosensor. The proposed sensor is based on increasing the confinement of the electric and magnetic fields at the analyte layer at the resonance frequency. Hence, any slight variation of the optical properties of the analyte sample (typically the refractive index) can be detected. We demonstrate the potential of using the reported sensor for hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and early cancer detection. The geometrical parameters are studied to maximize the sensor sensitivity of the symmetric and asymmetric designs. An absorptivity of 0.98 is achieved at 1.1 THz, which depends on the analyte sample refractive index. High sensor sensitivity of 1.08 GHz/g/dL is obtained with high Q-factor of 13.2 and FWHM (full width at half maximum) of 140 GHz through hemoglobin (Hb) concentration change from 5 g/dL to 20 g/dL. Further, an average sensitivity of 556.325 GHz/RIU is realized for cancer early detection for basal cell, breast cell, Jurkat cell and Cervical cell. Therefore, the proposed design is a good candidate for biomedical applications.
Influence of inertia relief analysis on the topological optimisation of unconstrained structures
Authors: Lasso Perdomo Cristiam Javier , Orquera Myriam , Millet Dominique , Gabriel Bertrand 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe growth in build volumes of additive manufacturing (AM) printers has enabled the manufacture of larger and more complex products, such as drones, known as unconstrained structures. This necessitates advanced optimisation techniques to achieve optimal designs. Inertia relief (IR) is a solution for analysing these structures by leveraging their inertial properties while considering concentrated non-structural masses. Unfortunately, designers often overlook the benefits of IR due to a lack of understanding, a preference for static techniques involving boundary conditions (BCs), or the absence of a methodology for IR. Existing literature lacks sufficient comparison and documentation of the mechanical performance losses resulting from the application of BCs instead of IR. Therefore, this study provides a detailed comparison of BC and IR designs, highlighting the advantages in terms of compliance, stress fields, and eigenfrequency performance. Additionally, based on the findings, it proposes a comprehensive design and optimization methodology tailored for IR + TO, demonstrating its advantages through a case study. Applied to the redesign of a drone structure, results reveal that IR-optimized designs achieve a mass saving of 13%, with up to 53% lower compliance and 12%–32% lower stress values compared to BC-optimized designs. Those significant differences highlight the crucial role of IR in achieving optimal designs for unconstrained systems. Besides, these findings underscore the enhanced mechanical performance and potential for material savings in IR + TO, bridging the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application. This research provides valuable insights and practical guidelines for engineers and designers aiming to optimize complex structures for AM.
Chemical shift assignments of the α-actinin C-terminal EF-hand domain bound to a cytosolic C0 domain of GluN1 (residues 841–865) from the NMDA receptor
Authors: Bej Aritra , Hell Johannes W. , Ames James B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) consist of glycine-binding GluN1 and glutamate-binding GluN2 subunits that form tetrameric ion channels. NMDARs in the brain are important for controlling neuronal excitability to promote synaptic plasticity. The cytoskeletal protein, α-actinin-1 (100 kDa, called ACTN1) binds to the cytosolic C0 domain of GluN1 (residues 841–865) that may play a role in the Ca2+-dependent desensitization of NMDAR channels. Mutations that disrupt NMDAR channel function are linked to Alzheimer’s disease, depression, stroke, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. NMR chemical shift assignments are reported here for the C-terminal EF-hand domain of ACTN1 (residues 824–892, called ACTN_EF34) and ACTN_EF34 bound to the GluN1 C0 domain (BMRB numbers 52385 and 52386, respectively).
A novel algorithm developed using machine learning and a J-ACCESS database can estimate defect scores from myocardial perfusion single-photon emission tomography images
Authors: Kiso Keisuke , Nakajima Kenichi , Nimura Yukitaka , Nishimura Tsunehiko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Stress myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging (MPI) has been used to diagnose and predict the prognoses of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). An ongoing multicenter collaboration established a Japanese database (J-ACCESS) in 2001 that includes a risk model and expert interpretations. The present study aimed to develop a novel algorithm using machine learning (ML) and resources from the J-ACCESS database to aid SPECT image interpretation.

Methods
We analyzed data from 1288 patients in J-ACCESS 3 and 4 databases. Three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic images of left ventricular myocardial perfusion were reconstructed with linear transformation from the original short-axis data. Segments were extracted from U-Net, then features were extracted from each segment during the ML process. We estimated segmental scores based on weighted features obtained from fully connected layers. Correlations between segment scores interpreted by nuclear cardiology experts and estimated by ML were evaluated using a 17-segment model, summed stress (SSS), summed rest (SRS), and summed difference (SDS) scores, and ratios (%) of summed different scores (%SDS).

Results
The complete concordance rate of scores assessed by the experts and estimated by ML was 79.6%. The underestimated and overestimated rates were 10.3% and 10.0%, respectively. Associations between defect scores assessed by experts and ML were close, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.923, 0.917, 0.842 and 0.853 for SSS, SRS, SDS, %SDS, respectively (p < 0.0001 for all).

Conclusions
We created a new algorithm to estimate MPI scores using ML and the J-ACCESS database. This algorithm should provide accurate MPI interpretation even in facilities without specialist nuclear cardiologists, and might facilitate therapeutic decision-making and predict prognoses.
Energy performance analysis of multi-chiller cooling systems for data centers concerning progressive loading throughout the lifecycle under typical climates
Authors: Zhang Yingbo , Li Hangxin , Wang Shengwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe increasing demand for cooling energy in data centers has become a global concern. Existing studies lack a comprehensive analysis of the energy performance of widely used multi-chiller cooling systems in air-cooled data centers throughout their lifecycle, especially concerning progressive loading. To bridge this gap, this study conducts a thorough assessment of the energy performance of multi-chiller cooling systems throughout the entire lifecycle. Additionally, the impact of climate conditions on the energy efficiency of the cooling systems is analyzed, considering design variations for typical climates. Multi-chiller cooling system models are developed using the test data of cooling equipment and typical control algorithms. The energy performance of the cooling system is thoroughly analyzed under full-range cooling loads and climate conditions. Results show that free cooling time could differ up to 1442 hours at different part load ratios in the same location. Furthermore, the cooling system’s coefficient of performance (COP) varies significantly, by up to 6, at different part load ratios, corresponding to a difference in power usage effectiveness (PUE) up to 0.14. Notably, the average cooling system COP throughout the lifecycle loading is found to be only 11.7, 2.9 lower than the design system COP.
Association between Childhood Trauma, Mental Health Symptoms and Adherence Among Youth Living with HIV in Botswana
Authors: Molebatsi Keneilwe , Ntlantsana Vuyokazi , Brooks Merrian J. , Seloilwe Esther 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
People living with HIV experience traumatic incidents at higher rates than the general population; and research has documented significant association between trauma exposure and the development of mental disorders. Mental health problems have a a negative impact on anti-retroviral treatment adherence. All of these psychosocial concerns play a role in potentially increasing HIV transmission to sexual partners resulting in increased incidence rates. To inform interventions that improve quality of life, and decrease risky behaviors for adolescents and youth, it is critical to understand the extent to which childhood trauma, mental health problems, and poor adherence occur and coexist in this population of adolescents living with HIV. Thus, this study examined the associations between childhood trauma, mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and substance use) and adherence to ART among HIV infected youth in Botswana.

Methods
A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted among youth aged 15 and 24-years old living with HIV. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire- Short Form; Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21; Car Relax Alone Forget Friends Trouble” or CRAFFT 2.1 + N were used to collect data on exposure to childhood trauma, mental health symptoms and problematic substance use respectively. Adherence was assessed objectively with viral load and subjectively with Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using Stata version 15. Bivariate logistical regression analysis testing for associations between mental health symptoms, substance use and adherence, and childhood trauma was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression was subsequently performed controlling for variables found to be significantly associated with childhood trauma.

Results
Of the 119 youth, 47% of the participants reported experiencing at least one type of childhood trauma, and physical neglect was the most frequently reported. Emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse and physical neglect were significantly associated with non-adherence, OR 5.83; OR 3.10; OR 5.97, and OR 2.52, respectively.

Conclusion
Our findings revealed that exposure to all domains of childhood trauma except physical abuse were significantly associated with non-adherence. Sexual abuse and emotional neglect had the highest odds of predicting non-adherence. This highlights the need for trauma focused psychosocial interventions in managing youth living with HIV.
Flux Filling Rate Effect on Weld Bead Deposition of Recycled Titanium Chip Tubular Wire
Authors: Moreno-Uribe Andrés M. , Fagundes José Gedael , Criscuolo Izabel L. , Hassel Thomas , Bracarense A. Q. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
TiC-reinforced composite coatings were fabricated in situ on carbon steel plates using flux-cored arc welding with tubular wire. The flux was composed of titanium powder recycled from chips generated during the machining process. The microstructure of the welded deposits was formed using various metal strip thicknesses to fabricate the wires, resulting in different flux fill values. During welding, titanium chips melted and reacted with carbon to form TiC. The complex in situ-formed phases were beneficial for improving the coating properties. Results indicated that the microhardness of the composite coatings using a greater quantity of flux was enhanced to over four times that of the substrate. More TiC resulted in better hardness values with increased amounts of flux. However, using thick metal strips reduces the flux supply, thereby diminishing the formation of a wear-resistant microstructure.
Quantifying the Social Equity of Economic Performance for Different Groups of Residents in Rail Transit Station Areas
Authors: Wan Tianyue , Lu Wei , Na Xiaodong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn response to the global trend of urbanization, there has been an increasing focus on transit-oriented development (TOD). However, the prioritization of economic factors in the establishment of TOD often takes precedence over concerns for social equity. This research seeks to address this gap by examining the economic performance and demographic characteristics of 46 rail transit station areas (RSAs) in the city center of Dalian. The study employs the Gini coefficient and affinity clustering to assess the overall economic performance and inequality among different resident groups within RSAs. Furthermore, regression analysis is utilized to identify the key variables influencing economic performance equity in these areas. The results indicate significant disparities in economic dimensions among different resident groups, with station areas in commercial centers and functional core zones demonstrating higher economic performance. Housing prices and job–housing density are identified as crucial factors influencing consumer behavior across various station areas. Despite the presence of employment opportunities and urban development features in RSAs, differences in socioeconomic status and accessibility to public facilities significantly impact resident social equity. These results can assist policymakers in evaluating disparities in the allocation of RSAs among different regions and demographic groups. This study adds to the existing knowledge on equity in the economic performance of RSAs and supports the development of inclusive TOD strategies specific to different locations and populations.
Fatigue life of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) AlSi10Mg alloy: effects of surface roughness and porosity
Authors: Afroz L. , Qian M. , Forsmark J. , Li Y. , Easton M. , Das R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe fatigue life of components manufactured by the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process is dominated by the presence of defects, such as surface roughness and internal porosity. The present study focuses on the relative effect of surface roughness and porosity in determining the fatigue properties of AlSi10Mg alloy produced by L-PBF process built in the Z-direction for the as-built (AB), machined (M) and machined & polished (M&P) conditions. As-built L-PBF samples possess higher average surface roughness, Ra (1.5–2 µm) compared to that of the machined (0.8–1.0 µm) or polished ones (0.3–0.75 µm). For similar loading conditions, the machined or machined & polished samples have a longer fatigue life than those of the as-built samples. For the as-built samples, surface roughness was found to be the dominant factor affecting fatigue life. However, for a small variation of roughness, particularly for machined or machined & polished samples, the subsurface porosity becomes the dominant factor affecting fatigue failure. Besides, the pore size and location effects are analysed using linear elastic fracture mechanics, and these are found to have a higher effect on fatigue failure than overall porosity. Based on the results of X-ray computer tomography (XCT) and fracture surface characterisation, the critical stress intensity factors (KIC) for L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy samples are estimated. In addition to this, the calculated critical stress intensity factors are used to predict the fatigue life by developing an empirical formula. The result from this empirical relationship is found to match closely with the experimentally determined fatigue life. This suggests that fatigue life can be predicted based on XCT images of machined samples. The findings can help minimize detrimental effects of defects by optimising mechanical or structural designs in attaining the desired structural integrity and durability.