bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced formation of flavin radicals in BLUF domains lacking the central glutamine
Authors: Fudim Roman , Mehlhorn Jennifer , Berthold Thomas , Weber Stefan , Schleicher Erik , Kennis John T. M. , Mathes Tilo 
Published: April 2015

Blue light receptors using FAD (BLUFs) facilitate blue light‐induced signal transduction via light‐induced rearrangement of hydrogen bonds between the flavin chromophore and a conserved glutamine side chain. Here, we investigated the photochemistry of the BLUF domain Slr1694 from Synechocystis sp. in which the glutamine side chain was removed. Without the glutamine, no red‐shifted signaling state is formed, but light‐induced proton‐coupled electron transfer between protein and flavin takes place similarly as for the wild‐type protein. However, the lifetime of the neutral flavin semiquinone–tyrosyl radical pair is greatly prolonged from < 100 ps to several nanoseconds, which indicates that the formation of radical intermediates drives the hydrogen bond rearrangement in BLUF photoactivation. Moreover, glutamine plays a central role in the molecular organization of the hydrogen bond network in the flavin‐binding pocket, as its removal enhances electron transfer from tyrosine to the excited flavin, and enables competing electron transfer from a nearby tryptophan.
Effects of climate change on the delivery of soil‐mediated ecosystem services within the primary sector in temperate ecosystems: a review and New Zealand case study
Authors: Orwin Kate H. , Stevenson Bryan A. , Smaill Simeon J. , Kirschbaum Miko U. F. , Dickie Ian A. , Clothier Brent E. , Garrett Loretta G. , van der Weerden Tony J. , Beare Michael H. , Curtin Denis , de Klein Cecile A. M. , Dodd Michael B. , Gentile Roberta , Hedley Carolyn , Mullan Brett , Shepherd Mark , Wakelin Steven A. , Bell Nigel , Bowatte Saman , Davis Murray R. , Dominati Estelle , O'Callaghan Maureen , Parfitt Roger L. , Thomas Steve M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFuture human well‐being under climate change depends on the ongoing delivery of food, fibre and wood from the land‐based primary sector. The ability to deliver these provisioning services depends on soil‐based ecosystem services (e.g. carbon, nutrient and water cycling and storage), yet we lack an in‐depth understanding of the likely response of soil‐based ecosystem services to climate change. We review the current knowledge on this topic for temperate ecosystems, focusing on mechanisms that are likely to underpin differences in climate change responses between four primary sector systems: cropping, intensive grazing, extensive grazing and plantation forestry. We then illustrate how our findings can be applied to assess service delivery under climate change in a specific region, using New Zealand as an example system. Differences in the climate change responses of carbon and nutrient‐related services between systems will largely be driven by whether they are reliant on externally added or internally cycled nutrients, the extent to which plant communities could influence responses, and variation in vulnerability to erosion. The ability of soils to regulate water under climate change will mostly be driven by changes in rainfall, but can be influenced by different primary sector systems' vulnerability to soil water repellency and differences in evapotranspiration rates. These changes in regulating services resulted in different potentials for increased biomass production across systems, with intensively managed systems being the most likely to benefit from climate change. Quantitative prediction of net effects of climate change on soil ecosystem services remains a challenge, in part due to knowledge gaps, but also due to the complex interactions between different aspects of climate change. Despite this challenge, it is critical to gain the information required to make such predictions as robust as possible given the fundamental role of soils in supporting human well‐being.
Effect of nano‐TiO2‐LDPE packaging on microbiological and physicochemical quality of Pacific white shrimp during chilled storage
Authors: Luo Zisheng , Qin Yu , Ye Qingyang 
Published: April 2015

SummaryNano‐TiO2‐modified low‐density polyethylene (NTLDPE) packaging was prepared by blending LDPE with nano‐TiO2. The effects of NTLDPE packaging on quality of Pacific white shrimp during storage at 4 °C were investigated. Results showed that NTLDPE lowered the K value by 28.50%, while increased sensory score by 30.77% in comparison with the control. NTLDPE packaging retarded the decrease of whiteness and water holding capacity and the increase of melanosis score based on the signs of freshness and deterioration of shrimp. Furthermore, NTLDPE packaging reduced total viable counts (TVC) by 6.42% and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) contents were 14.82% lower than that of control. TVB‐N content and TBARS value, as well as polyphenol oxidase activity and TVC, were maintained and shrimp remained a commercial acceptability for 8 days. The overall results indicated that NTLDPE packaging could preserve the quality and extend the shelf‐life of Pacific white shrimp.
Multifactor‐dimensionality reduction reveals interaction of important gene variants involved in allergy
Authors: de Guia R. M. , Echavez M. D. J. , Gaw E. L. C. , Gomez M. R. R. , Lopez K. A. J. , Mendoza R. C. M. , Rapsing J. M. C. , Retreta D. P. , Tubog C. M. B. , Ventolero M. H. , Yao C. L. , Ramos J. D. A. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryElevated IgE levels in the atopic triad of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial condition whose genetic component involves interaction of several gene loci. One hundred and two matched pairs of allergic and nonallergic individuals were phenotyped for total serum IgE level using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Atopic status was defined by serum IgE concentration ≥100 IU mL−1. SNPs genotyped include the IL4 ‐590C>T (rs2243250), FCER1B E237G (rs569108), CD14 ‐159C>T (rs2569190), IL4RA Q551R (rs1801275) and ADRB2 R16G (rs1042713). Gene–gene interaction was analysed using multifactor‐dimensionality reduction (MDR). Significant association between atopic allergy and the IL4 ‐590C>T polymorphism was confirmed in three genetic models. Interaction among the 5 gene variants was validated by MDR. The five‐locus model was chosen as the best to describe the interaction of the SNPs within the context of atopy. The strongest interaction was between IL4 ‐590C>T and IL4RA Q551R and between FCER1B E237G and ADRB2 R16G. The IL4 variant also interacts synergistically with the FCER1B and ADRB2 coding variants. CD14 ‐159C>T, in general, interacts antagonistically with the rest of the SNPs. In conclusion, a five‐locus interaction exists among IL4 ‐590C>T, FCER1B E237G, CD14 ‐159C>T, IL4RA Q551R and ADRB2 R16G in Filipino cases of atopic allergy.
Initiation and perpetuation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and assembly
Authors: Elliott Eric I. , Sutterwala Fayyaz S. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe NLRP3 (NOD‐like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that orchestrates innate immune responses to infection and cell stress through activation of caspase‐1 and maturation of inflammatory cytokines pro‐interleukin‐1β (pro‐IL‐1β) and pro‐IL‐18. Activation of the inflammasome during infection can be protective, but unregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to non‐pathogenic endogenous or exogenous stimuli can lead to unintended pathology. NLRP3 associates with mitochondria and mitochondrial molecules, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to diverse stimuli requires cation flux, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation. It remains uncertain whether NLRP3 surveys mitochondrial integrity and senses mitochondrial damage, or whether mitochondria simply serve as a physical platform for inflammasome assembly. The structure of the active, caspase‐1‐processing NLRP3 inflammasome also requires further clarification, but recent studies describing the prion‐like properties of ASC have advanced the understanding of how inflammasome assembly and caspase‐1 activation occur while raising new questions regarding the propagation and resolution of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we review the mechanisms and pathways regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation, discuss emerging concepts in NLRP3 complex organization, and expose the knowledge gaps hindering a comprehensive understanding of NLRP3 activation.
Baisse du taux de couverture de la négociation collective et creusement des inégalités de revenus: une comparaison entre cinq pays de l'Union européenne
Authors: BOSCH Gerhard 
Published: April 2015

RésuméLes institutions chargées de fixer les salaires sont essentielles pour limiter l'aggravation des inégalités de revenu, facteur de déstabilisation socio‐économique. L'auteur distingue normes de protection et normes de participation, et examine leurs effets respectifs sur l'emploi à bas salaires et les inégalités de revenus en fonction des mécanismes de fixation des salaires existant en Allemagne, en Belgique, en France, au Royaume‐Uni et en Suède. Les négociations salariales collectives apparaissent plus efficaces que le salaire minimum légal pour réduire les inégalités, mais l'intervention de l'Etat s'impose dans les deux cas, surtout par les normes de participation afin de contrecarrer l'affaiblissement des institutions de relations professionnelles.
Response of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) to an Increasing Natural Temperature Gradient under Different Crop Management Systems
Authors: Malaviarachchi M. A. P. W. K. , De Costa W. A. J. M. , Kumara J. B. D. A. P. , Suriyagoda L. D. B. , Fonseka R. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIncreasing temperatures pose a significant threat to crop production in the tropics. A field experiment was conducted with mung bean at three locations in Sri Lanka representing an increasing temperature gradient (24.4–30.1 °C) during two consecutive seasons to (i) determine the response of mung bean to increasing temperature and (ii) test a selected set of crop management practices aimed at decreasing essential inputs such as water, synthetic pesticides and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. The control treatment (T1) consisted of standard crop management including irrigation, chemical crop protection and inorganic fertilizer application. Adaptation system 1 (T2) included mulching with rice straw at 8 t ha−1 with 30 % less irrigation and crop protection and nutrient management as in T1. Adaptation system 2 (T3) included crop protection using a pretested integrated pest management package with water and nutrient management as in T2. In adaptation system 3 (T4), 25 % of the crop's nitrogen requirement was given as organic manure (compost) at 0.8 t ha−1 while 75 % was given as inorganic fertilizer with water management and crop protection as in T3. Durations of both pre‐ and post‐flowering phases were reduced with increasing temperature. In the warmer (25.4–30.1 °C) yala season, seed yield (Y) of T1 decreased with increasing temperature at 366 kg ha−1 °C−1. However, in maha season, Y did not show a significant relationship across the narrower temperature gradient from 24.4 to 25.8 °C. Pooling the data from both seasons showed a second‐order polynomial response with an optimum temperature of 26.5 °C. In addition to shortened durations, reduced crop growth rates and reduced pod numbers per plant were responsible for yield reductions at higher temperatures. In yala, yields of all adaptation systems at all locations were on par with yields of the respective controls. Furthermore, yala yields of T2 and T3 were less sensitive than T1 to increasing temperatures (265 and 288 kg ha−1 °C−1). In maha, T3 and T4 had greater yields than the control at the relatively cooler site while having lower yields than the control at the warmer site. Maha yields of T2 were on par with the control at both temperature regimes. While demonstrating the significant temperature sensitivity of mung bean yields, results of the present work showed that components of the tested adaptation systems could be promoted among smallholder farmers in Asia, especially in view of their long‐term environmental benefits and contributions to sustainable agriculture in a warmer and drier future climate.
Informal Support and Burden among Parents of Adults with Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Robinson Suzanne , Weiss Jonathan A. , Lunsky Yona , Ouellette‐Kuntz Hélène 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundParents often play a lifelong role in supporting their sons and daughters with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD). There is a need to better understand parent resources, particularly when the individual with IDD has behaviour problems, as the latter has consistently been linked to parental burden.MethodsThe current study aimed to investigate the relationship between the behaviour support needs of 212 adults with IDD and parental burden, and whether perceived helpfulness of informal supports moderated this relationship. The helpfulness of individual sources of informal support was also explored.ResultsInformal support was negatively related to burden, although it did not act as a moderator. Individual sources varied in terms of how they were related to burden, but none acted as moderators.ConclusionsAlthough informal social support appears to be important to parents and may help alleviate burden, it does not appear to act as a moderator as anticipated.
Physician perspectives in the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: results from the population‐based Multinational Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis survey
Authors: van de Kerkhof P.C.M. , Reich K. , Kavanaugh A. , Bachelez H. , Barker J. , Girolomoni G. , Langley R.G. , Paul C.F. , Puig L. , Lebwohl M.G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundAvailable literature on psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) demonstrates a tremendous burden of disease and suggests underdiagnosis and undertreatment.ObjectiveTo obtain real‐world physician perspectives on the impact of psoriasis and PsA and its treatment on patients' daily lives, including perceptions of, and satisfaction with, current therapies.MethodsThe Multinational Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (MAPP) surveyed dermatologists (n = 391) and rheumatologists (n = 390) in North America (Canada and the United States) and Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and United Kingdom).ResultsDermatologists classified 20.3% and 25.7% of their patients as having severe psoriasis and severe PsA respectively; rheumatologists indicated that 48.4% of their PsA patients had active disease. Of the psoriasis patients complaining of joint pain, only 33.0% had a diagnosis of PsA. An impact on daily activities or social/emotional well‐being was recognized by 57.2% to 79.3% of physicians. In patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis, dermatologists reported 74.9% were receiving topical therapy, 19.5% conventional oral therapy and 19.6% biologics. Dermatologists and rheumatologists reported similar rates of topical (≈45%) and biologic (≈30%) therapy utilization for their PsA patients; conventional oral therapy was more often prescribed by rheumatologists (63.4%) vs. dermatologists (35.2%). Reasons for not initiating or maintaining systemic therapies were related to concerns about long‐term safety, tolerability, efficacy and costs (biologics).ConclusionPhysicians in North America and Europe caring for patients with psoriasis and PsA acknowledge unmet treatment needs, largely concerning long‐term safety/tolerability and efficacy of currently available therapies; evidence suggests underdiagnosis of PsA and undertreatment of psoriasis among dermatologists.
New kid on the block? Community nurses’ experiences of caring for sick children at home
Authors: Samuelson Sarah , Willén Charlotta , Bratt Ewa‐Lena 
Published: April 2015

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the experiences of Swedish community nurses in caring for sick children at home, as this is a growing population of patients in community care.BackgroundThere is international consensus that sick children should receive care in their homes as far as possible. Home health care allows the family to stay together while the child is undergoing treatment and thus reduces strain on the family. However, it can also be demanding for parents to take on increased responsibilities for their sick child. Children as a patient group is a relatively new phenomenon in community home health care in Sweden and represents a small part of the community nurse responsibilities, making it difficult to accumulate experience.DesignA qualitative descriptive design.MethodsIn‐depth interviews with twelve nurses in community health care. Qualitative content analysis was used.Results‘Feeling confident in order to instil confidence’ was key in nurses’ experiences. Two main themes emerged: ‘Building a trusting relationship with the family’ and ‘Feeling confident in the role as caregiver’. Nurses aimed at creating a trusting nursing relationship and working closely with parents. The nurses’ feeling of confidence in their role as caregivers depended on the support they received and the knowledge they had.ConclusionMany community nurses felt unconfident about caring for children at home but experienced it as manageable when peer support and a distinct collaboration with the paediatric clinic/hospital were present. The ongoing shift from hospital to home care urges paediatric clinics/hospitals and community health care to develop formal policies of transmural collaboration to train and support home nurses to deliver adequate care to sick children and their families at home and safeguard good outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceThe implication of the study may contribute to efforts being made to extend and improve cooperation between paediatric clinics/hospitals and community health care.
The enantioselective population pharmacokinetics of intravenous ketorolac in children using a stereoselective assay suitable for microanalysis
Authors: Mohammed Baba S , Engelhardt Thomas , Hawwa Ahmed F , Cameron Garry A , McLay James S 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objective
To describe the effect of age and body size on enantiomer selective pharmacokinetic (PK) of intravenous ketorolac in children using a microanalytical assay.

Methods
Blood samples were obtained at 0, 15 and 30 min and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h after a weight-dependent dose of ketorolac. Enantiomer concentration was measured using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Non-linear mixed-effect modelling was used to assess PK parameters.

Key findings
Data from 11 children (1.7–15.6 years, weight 10.7–67.4 kg) were best described by a two-compartment model for R(+), S(−) and racemic ketorolac. Only weight (WT) significantly improved the goodness of fit. The final population models were CL = 1.5 × (WT/46)0.75, V1 = 8.2 × (WT/46), Q = 3.4 × (WT/46)0.75, V2 = 7.9 × (WT/46), CL = 2.98 × (WT/46), V1 = 13.2 × (WT/46), Q = 2.8 × (WT/46)0.75, V2 = 51.5 × (WT/46), and CL = 1.1 × (WT/46)0.75, V1 = 4.9 × (WT/46), Q = 1.7 × (WT/46)0.75 and V2 = 6.3 × (WT/46)for R(+), S(−) and racemic ketorolac.

Conclusions
Only body weight influenced the PK parameters for R(+) and S(−) ketorolac. Using allometric size scaling significantly affected the clearances (CL, Q) and volumes of distribution (V1, V2).
Pharmacological and neuroprotective profile of an essential oil derived from leaves of A
loysia citrodora Palau
Authors: Abuhamdah Sawsan , Abuhamdah Rushdie , Howes Melanie-Jayne R , Al-Olimat Suleiman , Ennaceur Abdel , Chazot Paul L 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The Jordanian ‘Melissa’, (Aloysia citrodora) has been poorly studied both pharmacologically and in the clinic. Essential oils (EO) derived from leaves of A. citrodora were obtained by hydrodistillation, analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and were investigated for a range of neurobiological and pharmacological properties, as a basis for potential future use in drug discovery.

Methods
A selection of central nervous system (CNS) receptor-binding profiles was carried out. Antioxidant activity and ferrous iron-chelating assays were adopted, and the neuroprotective properties of A. citrodora EO assessed using hydrogen peroxide-induced and β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity with the CAD (Cath.-a-differentiated) neuroblastoma cell line.

Key findings
The major chemical components detected in the A. citrodora EOs, derived from dried and fresh leaves, included limonene, geranial, neral, 1, 8-cineole, curcumene, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide, respectively. A. citrodora leaf EO inhibited [3H] nicotine binding to well washed rat forebrain membranes, and increased iron-chelation in vitro. A. citrodora EO displays effective antioxidant, radical-scavenging activities and significant protective properties vs both hydrogen peroxide- and β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity.

Conclusions
A . citrodora EO displays a range of pharmacological properties worthy of further investigation to isolate the compounds responsible for the observed neuroactivities, to further analyse their mode of action and determine their clinical potential in neurodegenerative diseases.
Role of Arabidopsis AtPI4Kγ3, a type II phosphoinositide 4‐kinase, in abiotic stress responses and floral transition
Authors: Akhter Salina , Uddin Mohammad N. , Jeong In S. , Kim Dae W. , Liu Xiao‐Min , Bahk Jeong D. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPhosphoinositides (PIs) are essential metabolites which are generated by various lipid kinases and rapidly respond to a variety of environmental stimuli in eukaryotes. One of the precursors of important regulatory PIs, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIn) 4‐phosphate, is synthesized by PtdIns 4‐kinases (PI4K). Despite its wide distribution in eukaryotes, its role in plants remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the activity of AtPI4Kγ3 gene, an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) type II PtdIn 4‐kinase, is regulated by DNA demethylation and some abiotic stresses. AtPI4Kγ3 is targeted to the nucleus and selectively bounds to a few PtdIns. It possessed autophosphorylation activity but unexpectedly had no detectable lipid kinase activity. Overexpression of AtPI4Kγ3 revealed enhanced tolerance to high salinity or ABA along with inducible expression of a host of stress‐responsive genes and an optimal accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, overexpressed AtPI4Kγ3 augmented the salt tolerance of bzip60 mutants. The ubiquitin‐like domain of AtPI4Kγ3 is demonstrated to be essential for salt stress tolerance. Besides, AtPI4Kγ3‐overexpressed plants showed a late‐flowering phenotype, which was caused by the regulation of some flowering pathway integrators. In all, our results indicate that AtPI4Kγ3 is necessary for reinforcement of plant response to abiotic stresses and delay of the floral transition.