bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Determination of the Small Hydrogen Decomposition Pressures in HxMoO3
Authors: Schwitzgebel G. , Adams St. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn analogy to the O2 solid electrolyte probe a proton conducting membrane (Nafion®) was used in an electrochemical cell for the determination of the small H2 decomposition pressures of the bronze phases of MoO3 (HxMoO3): 4.8 · 10−15 Pa for 0 < x < 0.23, 6.3 · 10−9 Pa for 0.40 < x < 0.85 and 1.1 · 10−2 Pa for 1.04 < x < 1.55. – Potential control at the gas electrode is even possible during small current flows, so that diffusion coefficients (D) could be obtained by analysing the potentiostatic oxidation of single phased samples: (2.5 ± 1.0) · 10−8 cm2 s−1 for x = 0.23, (2.4 ± 1.6) · 10−6 cm2 s−1 for x = 0.85 and (1.6 ± 0.9) · 10−8 cm2 s−1 for x = 1.55.
Forces and Torques Acting on Two Parallel Dielectric Cylinders in a Periodic Transverse Field. A.
Authors: Schlögl Reinhard W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractStarting from the solution of the potential equation in bipolar coordinates the forces and torques acting on the cylinders are calculated. In contrast to two earlier papers, a periodic field and dissipative media are anticipated. Cylinders of different radii and material are assumed in general. Whereas the forces on the cylinders are equal in magnitude but of opposite sign, the torques are in general different. If only one of the cylinders has a vanishing loss angle a “uni‐lateral” torque exists. In the case of identical cylinders the expressions for the interactions are essentially simplified, the torques being identical in magnitude and sign. – There is little hope to obtain closed solutions of the analogous problem in 3 dimensions (spheres, ellipsoides, etc.) that is of high practical interest. However, the information gained from the most simple “two dimensional” example allows for a valuable qualitative generalization.
An embedded system course using JavaME and android
Authors: Rodriguez‐Sanchez Maria Cristina , Hernandez‐Tamames Juan A. , Borromeo Susana 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the objectives and contents of a cost‐effective curriculum for embedded system course in our university. The main aim of the course is learning to solve a real problem by developing a real system. The students learn skills to adapt this system to new scenarios. The system consists of a wireless module, a microcontroller and an application for smartphones to control lights by wireless communications. In order to motivate students, JavaME and Android, the important technologies for today's smartphones were chosen. As a result of the course, following the Bologna guidelines, the students worked cooperatively, like in a real scenario. Each group member worked in a complementary manner by analyzing the division of tasks for each student. We followed project‐based methodology has provided an incremental learning to students. According to results, students responded to the course survey that they are knowledgeable on how embedded systems work after taking the course. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:294–303, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21599
Calotropin: A Cardenolide from Calotropis gigantea that Inhibits Wnt Signaling by Increasing Casein Kinase 1α in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Park Hyun Young , Toume Kazufumi , Arai Midori A. , Sadhu Samir K. , Ahmed Firoj , Ishibashi Masami 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWnt signaling plays key roles in embryonic development and various human diseases. Activity‐guided testing to isolate Wnt signaling inhibitors from the methanol extract of Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae) exudutes identified six Wnt inhibitory cardenolides (1–6), of which 1, 3, 5, and 6 exhibited potent TCF/β‐catenin inhibitory activities (IC50 0.7–3.6 nM). Calotropin (1) inhibited Wnt signaling by decreasing both nuclear and cytosolic β‐catenin in a dose‐dependent manner, and promoted degradation of β‐catenin by increasing the phosphorylation of β‐catenin at Ser45 through casein kinase 1α (CK1α). Moreover, 1 significantly increased CK1α protein and mRNA levels. The results suggest that 1 inhibits the Wnt signaling pathway by increasing CK1α protein levels. To the best of our knowledge, calotropin is the first small molecule to increase CK1α levels.
Imatinib‐induced gastric antral vascular ectasia in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Alshehry Nawal F. , Kortan Paul , Lipton Jeffrey H. 
Published: March 2014

Key Clinical MessageGastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) has been reported very rarely in imatinib‐treated gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and scleroderma/pulmonary hypertension patients. We present the first report of a case of GAVE in a chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patient after treatment with imatinib. This diagnosis should be considered in CML patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and anemia.
An Efficient Oxygen Activation Route for Improved Ammonia Oxidation through an Oxygen‐Permeable Catalytic Membrane
Authors: Cao Zhengwen , Jiang Heqing , Luo Huixia , Baumann Stefan , Meulenberg Wilhelm A. , Voss Hartwig , Caro Jürgen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUpon using a reactant/oxygen mixture as co‐feed in partial oxidation, adsorbed surface molecular oxygen species can cause low selectivity. We propose a concept different from the conventional co‐feed partial oxidation process in packed‐bed reactors. In this new configuration, the activation of oxygen is separated from the catalytic oxidation by using an oxygen‐permeable membrane to suppress the formation of nonselective surface molecular oxygen species. A continuous flux of lattice oxygen through the membrane allows highly selective partial oxidation. In the oxidation of ammonia to NO, the NO selectivity was improved from 77 to 95 % if a La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ oxygen‐permeable catalytically active membrane was used at 850 °C instead of a co‐feed fixed bed reactor.
(1‐Butyl‐4‐methyl‐pyridinium)[Cu(SCN)2]: A Coordination Polymer and Ionic Liquid
Authors: Eike T. Spielberg  , Edengeiser Eugen , Mallick Bert , Havenith Martina , Mudring Anja‐Verena 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe compound (C4C1py)[Cu(SCN)2], (C4C1py=1‐Butyl‐4‐methyl‐pyridinium), which can be obtained from CuSCN and the ionic liquid (C4C1py)(SCN), turns out to be a new organic–inorganic hybrid material as it qualifies both, as a coordination polymer and an ionic liquid. It features linked [Cu(SCN)2]− units, in which the thiocyanates bridge the copper ions in a μ1,3‐fashion. The resulting one‐dimensional chains run along the a axis, separated by the C4C1py counterions. Powder X‐ray diffraction not only confirms the single‐crystal X‐ray structure solution but proves the reformation of the coordination polymer from an isotropic melt. However, the materials shows a complex thermal behavior often encountered for ionic liquids such as a strong tendency to form a supercooled melt. At a relatively high cooling rate, glass formation is observed. When heating this melt in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature‐dependent polarizing optical microscopy (POM), investigations reveal the existence of a less thermodynamically stable crystalline polymorph. Raman measurements conducted at 10 and 100 °C point towards the formation of polyanionic chain fragments in the melt. Solid‐state UV/Vis spectroscopy shows a broad absorption band around 18 870 cm−1 (530 nm) and another strong one below 20 000 cm−1 (<500 nm). The latter is attributed to the d(CuI)→π*(SCN)‐MLCT (metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer) transition within the coordination polymer yielding an energy gap of 2.4 eV. At room temperature and upon irradiation with UV light, the material shows a weak fluorescence band at 15 870 cm−1 (630 nm) with a quantum efficiency of 0.90(2) % and a lifetime of 131(2) ns. Upon lowering the temperature, the luminescence intensity strongly increases. Simultaneously, the band around 450 nm in the excitation spectrum decreases.
Calcite Microneedle Arrays Produced by Inorganic Ion‐Assisted Anisotropic Dissolution of Bulk Calcite Crystal
Authors: Long Xia , Meng Ruijie , Wu Weike , Ma Yurong , Yang Dong , Qi Limin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBesides studies on the mineralization process, research on the demineralization of minerals provides another way to understand the crystallization mechanism of biominerals and fabricate crystals with complicated morphologies. The formation of ordered arrays of c‐axis‐oriented calcite microneedles with a tri‐symmetric structure and lengths of more than 20 μm was realized on a large scale for the first time through anisotropic dissolution of calcite substrates in undersaturated aqueous solution in the presence of ammonium salts. The lengths and the aspect ratios of the calcite microneedles can be tuned by simply changing the concentrations of the ammonium salts and the dissolution time. The shape of the transverse cross sections of the calcite microneedles obtained in the presence of NH4Cl and NH4Ac is almost regularly triangular. The tri‐symmetric transverse cross‐section geometry of the calcite microneedles could be attributed to the tri‐symmetric feature of rhombohedral calcite atomic structures, the synergetic interactions between electrostatic interaction of ammonium ions and dangling surface carbonate groups, and the ion incorporation of halide ions.
Formation of a Ligand‐Assisted Complex of Two RNA Hairpin Loops
Authors: Hong Changfeng , Otabe Takahiro , Matsumoto Saki , Dohno Chikara , Murata Asako , Hagihara Masaki , Nakatani Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe hairpin structure is one of the most common secondary structures in RNA and holds a central position in the stream of RNA folding from a non‐structured RNA to structurally complex and functional ribonucleoproteins. Since the RNA secondary structure is strongly correlated to the function and can be modulated by the binding of small molecules, we have investigated the modulation of RNA folding by a ligand‐assisted formation of loop–loop complexes of two RNA hairpin loops. With a ligand (NCT6), designed based on the ligand binding to the G–G mismatches in double‐stranded DNA, we successfully demonstrated the formation of both inter‐ and intra‐molecular NCT6‐assisted complex of two RNA hairpin loops. NCT6 selectively bound to the two hairpin loops containing (CGG)3 in the loop region. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of two doubly‐labeled RNA hairpin loops clearly showed the formation of intermolecular NCT6‐assisted loop–loop complex. Förster resonance energy‐transfer studies of RNA constructs containing two hairpin loops, in which each hairpin was labeled with Alexa488 and Cy3 fluorophores, showed the conformational change of the RNA constructs upon binding of NCT6. These experimental data showed that NCT6 simultaneously bound to two hairpin RNAs at the loop region, and can induce the conformational change of the RNA molecule. These data strongly support that NCT6 functions as molecular glue for two hairpin RNAs.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Selective ortho‐Olefinations of N‐Acyl and N‐Aroyl Sulfoximines by CH Bond Activation
Authors: Parthasarathy Kanniyappan , Bolm Carsten 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTwo new rhodium‐catalyzed oxidative couplings between sulfoximine derivatives and alkenes by regioselective CH activation, affording ortho‐olefinated (Heck‐type) products, are reported. A synthetic application of the ortho‐alkenylated products into the corresponding cyclic derivatives has been demonstrated, and a mechanistic rational for the rhodium catalysis is presented.
A Single‐Step Reaction for Silicon and Germanium Nanorods
Authors: Lu Xiaotang , Korgel Brian A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA single‐step reaction has been developed for colloidal quantum‐size silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) nanorods. The nanorods are formed by solution–liquid–solid (SLS) growth from tin (Sn) seed particles prepared by in situ reduction of a molecular tin(II) complex by trisilane, the reactant for Si nanorod growth. Using the same procedure, Ge nanorods can be grown by including a diphenyl germane reactant. The nanorod length could be adjusted from several nanometers to more than a micrometer without significant increase of diameter by manipulating reactant concentrations.
Five National Cancer Institute–designated cancer centers' data collection on racial/ethnic minority participation in therapeutic trials
Authors: Hawk Ernest T. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Ford Jean G. , Wenzel Jennifer A. , Brahmer Julie R. , Chen Moon S. , Jones Lovell A. , Hurd Thelma C. , Rogers Lisa M. , Nguyen Lynne H. , Ahluwalia Jasjit S. , Fouad Mona , Vickers Selwyn M. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDTo ensure that National Institutes of Health‐funded research is relevant to the population's needs, specific emphasis on proportional representation of minority/sex groups into National Cancer Institute (NCI) cancer centers' clinical research programs is reported to the NCI.METHODSEMPaCT investigators at 5 regionally diverse comprehensive cancer centers compared data reported to the NCI for their most recent Cancer Center Support Grant competitive renewal to assess and compare the centers' catchment area designations, data definitions, data elements, collection processes, reporting, and performance regarding proportional representation of race/ethnicity and sex subsets.RESULTSCancer centers' catchment area definitions differed widely in terms of their cancer patient versus general population specificity, levels of specificity, and geographic coverage. Racial/ethnic categories were similar, yet were defined differently, across institutions. Patients' socioeconomic status and insurance status were inconsistently captured across the 5 centers.CONCLUSIONSCatchment area definitions and the collection of patient‐level demographic factors varied widely across the 5 comprehensive cancer centers. This challenged the assessment of success by cancer centers in accruing representative populations into the cancer research enterprise. Accrual of minorities was less than desired for at least 1 racial/ethnic subcategory at 4 of the 5 centers. Institutions should clearly and consistently declare their primary catchment area and the rationale and should report how race/ethnicity and sex are defined, determined, collected, and reported. More standardized, frequent, consistent collection, reporting, and review of these data are recommended, as is a commitment to collecting socioeconomic data, given that socioeconomic status is a primary driver of cancer disparities in the United States. Cancer 2014;120(7 suppl):1113–21. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
In Situ Growth of Noble‐Metal Nanoparticles on Cu2O Nanocubes for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection
Authors: Wang Jie , Cui Fangling , Chu Sibin , Jin Xiaoquan , Pu Jun , Wang Zhenghua 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGold and silver nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were grown in situ on the surfaces of Cu2O nanocubes through a wet‐chemical reduction route. The Cu2O nanocubes serve as both the substrate and reducing agent. The as‐prepared Cu2OAu and Cu2OAg nanocomposites still retain the cubic morphology of the original Cu2O nanocubes. The Cu2OAu and Cu2OAg nanocomposites can serve as effective surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. Rhodamine 6G as a Raman probe was applied to determine the effects of the SERS substrates; the results show that Cu2OAg nanocomposites have higher sensitivity and good reproducibility. Furthermore, the Cu2OAg substrate was also applied to detect plasticizers, such as dimethyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, and shows potential applications in the area of food safety screening.
Two sexes, one body: intra‐ and intersex covariation of gamete phenotypes in simultaneous hermaphrodites
Authors: Monro Keyne , Marshall Dustin J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBy harboring male and female functions in the same genome and expressing them in every individual, simultaneous hermaphrodites may incur sexual conflict unless both sex functions can evolve phenotypic optima independently of each other. The first step toward understanding their capacity to do so lies in understanding whether sex functions are phenotypically correlated within individuals, but remarkably few data address this issue. We tested the potential for intra‐ and intersex covariation of gamete phenotypes to mediate sexual conflict in broadcast‐spawning hermaphrodites (the ascidians Ciona intestinalis and Pyura praeputialis), for which sex‐specific selection acts predominantly on sperm–egg interactions in the water column. In both species, gamete phenotypes covaried within and across sex functions, implying that selection may be unable to target them independently because its direct effects on male gametes translate into correlated effects on female gametes and vice versa. This alone does not preclude the evolution of a different phenotypic optimum for each sex function, but imposes the more restrictive requirement that selection – which ultimately sorts among whole individuals, not sex functions – aligns with the direction in which gamete phenotypes covary at this level.
Trifluoromethylthiolation of Diazo Compounds through Copper Carbene Migratory Insertion
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhou Yujing , Ji Guojing , Wu Guojiao , Li Ming , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA strategy to introduce the SCF3 group through the CuI‐promoted reaction of diazo compounds with the nucleophilic AgSCF3 trifluoromethylthiolation reagent was developed. Various diazo compounds were smoothly converted under mild conditions to form the C(sp3)–SCF3 bond. Mechanistically, migratory insertion of SCF3‐bearing Cu carbene intermediates is involved in this transformation.
Nanohybrid Materials Consisting of Poly[(3‐aminobenzoic acid)‐co‐(3‐aminobenzenesulfonic acid)‐co‐aniline] and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Immobilization of Redox Active Cytochrome c
Authors: Tanne Johannes , Dietzel Birgit , Scheller F. W. , Bier Frank 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe development of a new surface architecture for the efficient direct electron transfer of positively charged redox proteins is presented. For this reason different kinds of polyaniline terpolymers consisting of aminobenzoic acid (AB), aminobenzenesulfonic acid (ABS) and aniline (A) with different monomer ratios were synthesized. The P(AB‐ABS‐A) were grafted to the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). FTIR measurements prove the covalent binding to the carboxylic groups of the MWCNTs while conductivity tests show an increase in the conductivity of the nanohybrid in comparison to the polymers. The [MWCNT‐P(AB‐ABS‐A)] nanohybrids were used for the immobilization of redox active cytochrome c (cyt.c). The positively charged protein can electrostatically interact with the negatively charged nanohybrid. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) shows an increase in the protein loading on [MWCNT‐P(AB‐ABS‐A)] coupled to cysteamine modified gold electrodes in comparison to non‐grafted MWCNTs. A further increase in the sulfonation degree of P(AB‐ABS‐A) leads to an enhanced current output of the modified electrodes. The redox activity of the polymer decreases after the immobilization of the cyt.c on the nanohybrid. For the first time polymers covalently grafted to the surface of MWCNTs are used in a biosensor.
Four Major Trends in Utility Customer Communications
Authors:   iFactor Consulting
Published: March 2014

AbstractNew tools and strategies for communicating with utility customers continue to be a prime topic of discussion for utility companies, but what is behind the urgency of this topic? From the fallout following recent superstorms and other natural disasters to the influx of consumer technologies and a growing focus on energy‐efficiency programs, utilities are challenged to provide customers with more information through more channels than ever before.
Electric Regulation: Has Retail Choice Delivered for Natural Gas Residential Customers?
Authors: Bowden Nicholas S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe nationwide participation of residential customers in natural gas retail choice programs has grown from less than 0.5 percent of total US residential customers in 1997 to over 10 percent in 2012. Seventy percent of the 2012 total comes from three states: Georgia, New York, and Ohio. Add Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and the eight states constitute nearly 95 percent of the total residential retail choice market participation.
Whither the elephant?: the continuing development of clinical leadership in the UK National Health Services
Authors: Edmonstone John Duncan 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe paper revisits the theme of clinical leadership in UK countries, following an earlier (2009) review. It examines the competency‐based approach; considers the emerging voices of clinical leaders; explores the results of evaluation research studies; identifies learning from intra‐UK and international comparisons and considers the issue of leader development versus leadership development. It concludes that there is little conceptual clarity; that there continues to be a major disconnect between clinicians and managers; that different approaches to developing clinical leaders are emerging in different parts of the UK and that the major challenge remains to develop leadership, rather than leaders. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new filtering technique for removing anti‐Stokes emission background in gated CW‐STED microscopy
Authors: Coto Hernàndez Ivàn , Peres Chiara , Cella Zanacchi Francesca , d'Amora Marta , Christodoulou Sotirios , Bianchini Paolo , Diaspro Alberto , Vicidomini Giuseppe 
Published: March 2014

AbstractStimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is a prominent approach of super‐resolution optical microscopy, which allows cellular imaging with so far unprecedented unlimited spatial resolution. The introduction of time‐gated detection in STED microscopy significantly reduces the (instantaneous) intensity required to obtain sub‐diffraction spatial resolution. If the time‐gating is combined with a STED beam operating in continuous wave (CW), a cheap and low labour demand implementation is obtained, the so called gated CW‐STED microscope. However, time‐gating also reduces the fluorescence signal which forms the image. Thereby, background sources such as fluorescence emission excited by the STED laser (anti‐Stokes fluorescence) can reduce the effective resolution of the system. We propose a straightforward method for subtraction of anti‐Stokes background. The method hinges on the uncorrelated nature of the anti‐Stokes emission background with respect to the wanted fluorescence signal. The specific importance of the method towards the combination of two‐photon‐excitation with gated CW‐STED microscopy is demonstrated. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)