bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient respiratory motion compensated free‐breathing coronary mra using golden‐step Cartesian acquisition
Authors: Prieto Claudia , Doneva Mariya , Usman Muhammad , Henningsson Markus , Greil Gerald , Schaeffter Tobias , Botnar Rene M. 
Published: February 2014

PurposeTo develop an efficient 3D affine respiratory motion compensation framework for Cartesian whole‐heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).Materials and MethodsThe proposed method achieves 100% scan efficiency by estimating the affine respiratory motion from the data itself and correcting the acquired data in the reconstruction process. For this, a golden‐step Cartesian sampling with spiral profile ordering was performed to enable reconstruction of respiratory resolved images at any breathing position and with different respiratory window size. Affine motion parameters were estimated from image‐based registration of 3D undersampled respiratory resolved images reconstructed with iterative SENSE and motion correction was performed directly in the reconstruction using a multiple‐coils generalized matrix formulation method. This approach was tested on healthy volunteers and compared against a conventional diaphragmatic navigator‐gated acquisition using quantitative and qualitative image quality assessment.ResultsThe proposed approach achieved 47 ± 12% and 59 ± 6% vessel sharpness for the right (RCA) and left (LAD) coronary arteries, respectively. Also, good quality visual scores of 2.4 ± 0.74 and 2.44 ± 0.86 were observed for the RCA and LAD (scores from 0, no to 4, excellent coronary vessel delineation). A not statically significant difference (P = 0.05) was found between the proposed method and an 8‐mm navigator‐gated and tracked scan, although scan efficiency increased from 61 ± 10% to 100%.ConclusionWe demonstrate the feasibility of a new 3D affine respiratory motion correction technique for Cartesian whole‐heart CMRA that achieves 100% scan efficiency and therefore a predictable acquisition time. This approach yields image quality comparable to that of an 8‐mm navigator‐gated acquisition with lower scan efficiency. Further evaluation of this technique in patients is now warranted to determine its clinical use. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:738–746. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of image‐guided radiation therapy on the margin between the clinical target volume and planning target volume in lung cancer
Authors: Liang Jun , Li Minghui , Zhang Tao , Han Wei , Chen Dongfu , Hui Zhouguang , Lv Jima , Zhang Zhong , Zhang Yin , Zhang Liansheng , Zheng Rong , Dai Jianrong , Wang Luhua 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT) on the margin between the clinical target volume (CTV) and planning target volume (PTV) in lung cancer.MethodsThe CTV and PTV margin were determined in three dimensions by four radiation oncologists using a standard method in 10 lung cancer patients, and compared to consensus values. Transfer error was measured using a rigid phantom containing gold markers. Systematic error () and random error () set up errors were calculated in three dimensions from pre‐treatment and post‐treatment cone beam CT scans. Finally, the margin between the CTV and PTV was corrected for set up error and calculated.ResultsThe margins between the CTV and PTV with IGRT (and without IGRT) were 0.88 cm (0.96 cm), 0.99 cm (1.08 cm) and 1.28 cm (1.82 cm) in the anterior and posterior (AP), left and right (LR) and superior and inferior (SI) directions, respectively. Images from two other patients verified the validity of the corrected margin. The target delineation errors of the radiation oncologists are considered to be the largest compared with the set up errors. The application of IGRT reduced the set up errors and the margins between CTV and PTV.ConclusionsThe delineation errors of radiation oncologists are the most important factor to consider for the margin between CTV and PTV for lung cancer. IGRT can reduce the margins by reducing the set up errors, especially in the SI direction. Further research is required to assess whether the reduction in the margin is solely based on set up errors.
A comparison of intravenous and intradiscal delivery of multipotential stem cells on the healing of injured intervertebral disk
Authors: Tam Vivian , Rogers Ian , Chan Danny , Leung Victor Y. L. , Cheung Kenneth M. C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA major hurdle of cellular therapy for biological treatment of intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration is the delivery method where current delivery methods are limited to intradiscal injection which can potentially cause further degeneration. Recent studies indicated that multipotential stem cells (MPSCs) from human umbilical cord blood home to injured sites and induce local therapeutic changes, thereby potentially addressing the drawbacks of direct delivery. We tested the effects of these cells on injured IVD using a mouse model of puncture‐induced degeneration via two delivery methods. Caudal IVD underwent needle puncture, and MPSCs were injected indirectly (intravenously), or directly (intradiscally) into the nucleus pulposus. IVD were harvested for histological, gene and protein analysis after 14 weeks. Our finding showed limited homing ability of the MPSCs. However, regardless of delivery method, no engraftment or expansion of MPSCs was observed at the injured site. Contrasting to direct injection, intravenous injection neither improved the degeneration status, nor preserve disk height, however, both delivery methods increased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) protein and Acan gene expression relative to controls, suggesting possible paracrine effects. Identifying the mechanisms by which MPSCs act on endogenous IVD cells would provide insights into the potential of these cells to treat IVD injuries and degeneration. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:819–825, 2014.
On the accuracy of T1 mapping: Searching for common ground
Authors: Stikov Nikola , Boudreau Mathieu , Levesque Ives R. , Tardif Christine L. , Barral Joëlle K. , Pike G. Bruce 
Published: February 2014

PurposeThere are many T1 mapping methods available, each of them validated in phantoms and reporting excellent agreement with literature. However, values in literature vary greatly, with T1 in white matter ranging from 690 to 1100 ms at 3 Tesla. This brings into question the accuracy of one of the most fundamental measurements in quantitative MRI. Our goal was to explain these variations and look into ways of mitigating them.Theory and MethodsWe evaluated the three most common T1 mapping methods (inversion recovery, Look‐Locker, and variable flip angle) through Bloch simulations, a white matter phantom and the brains of 10 healthy subjects (single‐slice). We pooled the T1 histograms of the subjects to determine whether there is a sequence‐dependent bias and whether it is reproducible across subjects.ResultsWe found good agreement between the three methods in phantoms, but poor agreement in vivo, with the white matter T1 histogram peak in healthy subjects varying by more than 30% depending on the method used. We also found that the pooled brain histograms displayed three distinct white matter peaks, with Look‐Locker consistently underestimating, and variable flip angle overestimating the inversion recovery T1 values. The Bloch simulations indicated that incomplete spoiling and inaccurate B1 mapping could account for the observed differences.ConclusionWe conclude that the three most common T1 mapping protocols produce stable T1 values in phantoms, but not in vivo. To improve the accuracy of T1 mapping, we recommend that sites perform in vivo validation of their T1 mapping method against the inversion recovery reference method, as the first step toward developing a robust calibration scheme. Magn Reson Med 73:514–522, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A randomized trial of a prenatal genetic testing interactive computerized information aid
Authors: Yee Lynn M. , Wolf Michael , Mullen Rebecca , Bergeron Ashley R. , Cooper Bailey Stacy , Levine Robert , Grobman William A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether an interactive computer program could improve patient knowledge regarding genetic screening and diagnostic concepts.MethodsIn this randomized trial, women 6–26 weeks' gestation were assigned to standard care with provider‐based counseling or to augmented counseling with an interactive computer program. The computer‐based tool conveyed information about genetic testing options. Women were administered a 23‐item test of content knowledge immediately and 2–4 weeks after exposure. Test scores were compared between groups at both points using T‐tests.ResultsA total of 150 women were randomized equally between groups. Groups were similar with regard to demographic characteristics. Women randomized to the interactive tool correctly answered a significantly greater proportion of questions than those who received standard counseling (69.4% ± 14.2% vs. 46.0% ± 15.2%, p < 0.001) on the immediate questionnaire. One hundred and twenty‐three (82%) participants participated in the follow‐up test. Women randomized to the tool continued to correctly answer a significantly greater proportion of questions (60.6% ± 16% vs. 49.7% ± 18.9%, p = 0.001). Education, health literacy, electronic health literacy, and other discussions with providers were not associated with a differential benefit from the educational intervention.ConclusionA patient‐directed interactive computer program may help providers to convey relevant information about genetic screening and diagnostic concepts. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of AlN crystal formation on (0001)Al2O3 surface by ammonia MBE
Authors: Malin Timur , Mansurov Vladimir , Galitsyn Yury , Zhuravlev Konstantin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractInfluence of temperature on AlN formation on (0001) Al2O3 surface under ammonia flux (nitridation process) has been investigated by high‐energy electron diffraction. A significant temperature dependence of AlN formation rate in the temperature range of 850‐940 °C has been found whereas the formation rate is almost constant at temperatures higher than 940 °C. A kinetic scheme of the surface reactions is developed. The values of kinetic constants for the scheme at the low temperature range are found: k1P=6×104exp(‐1.5eV/kT), k2=7×1019exp (‐5.3eV/kT), k3=3×1013exp(‐4eV/kT). For the high temperature range the AlN formation process is described as a surface phase transition in AlN lattice gas. Parameters of lateral interaction between filled AlN cells are determined and the critical temperature of the phase transition is found (Tc=795 °C). (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time‐resolved electroabsorption measurement of carrier velocity in inverted polarity In1‐xGax N/GaN heterostructures due to internal electric fields
Authors: Connelly Blair C. , Gallinat Chad S. , Woodward Nathaniel T. , Enck Ryan W. , Metcalfe Grace D. , Tompkins Randy , Jones Kenneth A. , Shen Hongen , Wraback Michael 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCarrier transport measurements were made in a c ‐plane inverted‐polarity n ‐GaN/i ‐In1–xGax N/p ‐GaN heterostructure with a 200 nm thick In1–xGax N layer using ultrafast spectroscopy techniques. Time‐domain THz measurements indicate that the direction of electron transport is dominated by drift towards the n ‐GaN layer. Time‐resolved electroabsorption measurements were used to determine carrier velocities by monitoring the change in transmission of a probe beam tuned to the In1‐xGax N absorption edge due to the transport of photogenerated carriers under the built‐in internal electric field. Carrier transit times associated with screening of the electroabsorption are resolved at the lowest injection level. The signal rise time shows two distinct time scales, which correspond to an electron velocity of 3.3 ± 0.5 x 107 cm/s and a hole velocity of 6.7 ± 0.3 x 106 cm/s in an internal electric field of ∼150 kV/cm. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Carrier trapping induced abnormal temperature dependent photoluminescence properties of novel sandwiched structure InGaN quantum wells
Authors: He Juan , Li Ding , Rajabi K. , Yang Wei , Liu Lei , Hu Xiaodong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA dual‐wavelength LED sample with novel sandwiched structure in high‐In‐content MQWs is studied by temperature dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) and the abnormal temperature dependence of emission intensity is obtained. The novel MQWs structure which contains staggered quantum wells and an ultra‐thin InN interlayer in the wells shows better luminescence property than the reference sample which has conventional quantum wells. Under 325 nm continuous wave laser excitation the LED sample of novel structure exhibits unexpected increasing luminescence intensity as temperature goes up from 140 K to 220 K and reaches its maximum at 220 K. This could be attributed to (1) the carrier redistribution and the novel sandwiched MQWs' high carrier trapping capability; (2) the intrinsic emission property of the MQWs enhanced by improvement of electron‐hole overlap and reduction of quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) and compositional fluctuation. TDPL under 405 nm laser excitation is also measured to support this view. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Scanning electron microscope image signal‐to‐noise ratio monitoring for micro‐nanomanipulation
Authors: Marturi Naresh , Dembélé Sounkalo , Piat Nadine 
Published: February 2014

SummaryAs an imaging system, scanning electron microscope (SEM) performs an important role in autonomous micro‐nanomanipulation applications. When it comes to the sub micrometer range and at high scanning speeds, the images produced by the SEM are noisy and need to be evaluated or corrected beforehand. In this article, the quality of images produced by a tungsten gun SEM has been evaluated by quantifying the level of image signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). In order to determine the SNR, an efficient and online monitoring method is developed based on the nonlinear filtering using a single image. Using this method, the quality of images produced by a tungsten gun SEM is monitored at different experimental conditions. The derived results demonstrate the developed method's efficiency in SNR quantification and illustrate the imaging quality evolution in SEM. SCANNING 36:419–429, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thymol, a monoterpene phenolic derivative of cymene, abrogates mercury‐induced oxidative stress resultant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in hepatocarcinoma cells
Authors: Shettigar Nishan B. , Das Shubhankar , Rao Nageshwar B. , Rao Satish B. S. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThymol (TOH) was investigated for its ability to protect against mercuric chloride (HgCl2)‐induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell line. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)−2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay confirmed the efficacy of TOH pretreatment in attenuating HgCl2‐induced cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with TOH inhibited HgCl2‐induced genotoxicity, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial superoxide levels. Interestingly, TOH (100 µM) alone elevated the intracellular basal glutathione S‐transferase (GST) levels and TOH pretreatment abrogated the decrease in glutathione, GST, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels even after HgCl2 intoxication. Furthermore, TOH was also capable of inhibiting HgCl2‐induced apoptotic as well as necrotic cell death analyzed by flowcytometric analysis of cells dual stained with Annexin‐FITC/propidium iodide. The present findings clearly indicate the cytoprotective potential of TOH against HgCl2‐induced toxicity, which may be attributed to its free radical scavenging ability which facilitated in reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage thereby inhibiting cell death. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 968–980, 2015.
Probing the Reactivity of Redox‐Active 2‐Aminophenolates on Iron Complexes of a Carbanionic N3C Donor Ligand
Authors: Banerjee Sridhar , Halder Partha , Paine Tapan Kanti 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThree iron(II)‐2‐aminophenolate complexes [(L1)FeII(4‐tBu‐HAP)] (2), [(L1)FeII(HAP)] (3), and [(L1)FeII(4‐NO2‐HAP)] (4) [L1 = tris(2‐pyridylthio)methanido anion, 4‐tBu‐HAP = 2‐amino‐4‐tert‐butylphenolate, HAP = 2‐aminophenolate, and 4‐NO2‐HAP = 2‐amino‐4‐nitrophenolate] were isolated and characterized to study their reactivity towards dioxygen. The complexes were synthesized from the iron(II)‐acetonitrile complex [(L1)FeII(CH3CN)2]+ (1) using substituted 2‐aminophenolates. Single crystal structure of 4 reveals that the mononuclear central iron atom is coordinated by a tetradentate N3C ligand and a monoanionic bidentate 4‐NO2‐HAP giving rise to a distorted octahedral coordination arrangement. The six‐coordinate iron(II) complexes, 2 and 4, react with dioxygen to form the corresponding iron(III)‐2‐iminobenzosemiquinonato radical complexes, [(L1)FeIII(4‐tBu‐ISQ)]+ (2Ox) and [(L1)FeIII(4‐NO2‐ISQ)] (4Ox). Complex 3, on the other hand, undergoes an oxidative C–S bond forming reaction between HAP and pyridine‐2‐thiolate (PyS) to afford [(L1)FeIII(ISQ′)]+ (3Ox) [ISQ′ = 5‐(2‐thiopyridyl)‐2‐iminobenzosemiquinonato radical]. In each case, the reaction proceeds via a low‐spin iron(III)‐2‐amidophenolate intermediate species. All the complexes exhibit strong iron–carbon bonding interaction. The bond parameters of the oxidized complexes, obtained from the single crystal structures, clearly establish the presence of ligand‐centered radical.
Screening for hip dysplasia in congenital muscular torticollis: Is physical exam enough?
Authors: Joiner Elizabeth R. A. , Andras Lindsay M. , Skaggs David L. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose An association between congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has been established in the literature; however, whether the screening of patients with CMT for DDH requires hip imaging remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to determine (1) the coexistence rate of DDH requiring treatment in individuals with CMT and (2) if physical exam alone is sufficient screening. Methods A single-center retrospective chart review was performed among 97 consecutive patients between 1/1/2003 and 9/1/2012 with CMT who had hip imaging performed. Results 12 % (12/97) of patients with CMT had DDH, all requiring treatment. 75 % (9/12) of the patients with DDH had an abnormal clinical exam. Of the three patients with DDH and a normal clinical exam, two patients were presenting for a second opinion after being treated for DDH prior to evaluation. 90 % (9/10) of patients with DDH at the time of presentation had an abnormal hip exam. All 12 patients with hip dysplasia were referred for DDH or DDH with CMT. There were no patients who were referred for CMT alone that had DDH. Conclusions In the care of a patient with CMT, it is important that the clinician remains vigilant about screening for DDH. An ultrasound or radiograph of the hips should be strongly considered as part of the evaluation of a child with CMT. Level of evidence: IV.
Effect of Comorbid Depression on Cognitive Behavioural Group Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: LeMoult Joelle , Rowa Karen , Antony Martin M. , Chudzik Susan , McCabe Randi E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMany individuals seeking treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD) also meet criteria for a comorbid depressive disorder. Little is known, however, about how a comorbid depressive disorder affects social anxiety treatment. This study examined 61 participants with SAD and 72 with SAD and a comorbid depressive disorder (SAD+D) before and after 12 weeks of cognitive behavioural group therapy (CBGT) for social anxiety. Although patients with SAD+D reported more severe symptoms of social anxiety and depression at pretreatment, treatment was similarly effective for individuals with SAD and SAD+D. However, individuals with SAD+D continued to report higher symptom severity at post-treatment. Interestingly, CBGT for social anxiety also led to improvements in depressive symptoms despite the fact that depression was not targeted during treatment. Improvement in social anxiety symptoms predicted 26.8% of the variance in improvement in depressive symptoms. Results suggest that depressive symptoms need not be in remission for individuals to benefit from CBGT for social anxiety. However, more than 12 sessions of CBGT may be beneficial for individuals with comorbid depression.
Conversations in Disaster Medicine and Public Health: The Profession
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractUsing historical and research examples of disaster and crisis science, I argue here for the professionalization of disaster medicine and public health as a unique and essential discipline in support of global public health security. Questions about clinical competencies of providers and reports of unacceptable practices and the limited scope of guidelines for foreign medical teams have persisted for years. The professionalization movement endorses a standard route to certification through the completion of a competency-based curriculum, demonstrating competency through examination or experience to produce a learning and development portfolio, document competency through the acquisition of experience and added training, and develop professional associations. These programs devise certification criteria for entry, mid-level, and higher level candidates who serve in domestic and global humanitarian crises. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-7)
Dietary histidine requirement to reduce the risk and severity of cataracts is higher than the requirement for growth in Atlantic salmon smolts, independently of the dietary lipid source
Authors: Remø S. C. , Hevrøy E. M. , Olsvik P. A. , Fontanillas R. , Breck O. , Waagbø R. 
Published: February 2014

The present study was carried out to investigate whether the dietary histidine requirement to reduce cataract development is higher than that for growth in Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salarL.) after seawater transfer and whether dietary vegetable oils contribute to cataractogenesis. Duplicate groups of salmon smolts were fed ten experimental diets with either fish oil (FO) or a vegetable oil (VO) mix replacing 70 % FO and histidine at five target levels (10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 g His/kg diet) for 13 weeks after seawater transfer. The VO diet-fed fish exhibited somewhat inferior growth and feed intakes compared with the FO diet-fed fish, irrespective of the dietary histidine concentration. Both cataract prevalence and severity were negatively correlated with the dietary histidine concentration, while lensN-acetyl-histidine (NAH) concentrations were positively correlated with it. The fatty acid profiles of muscle, heart and lens reflected that of the dietary oils to a descending degree and did not affect the observed cataract development. Muscle, heart and brain histidine concentrations reflected dietary histidine concentrations, while the corresponding tissue imidazole (anserine, carnosine and NAH) concentrations appeared to saturate differently with time. The expression level of liver histidase was not affected by the dietary histidine concentration, while the liver antioxidant response was affected in the VO diet-fed fish on a transcriptional level. The lowest severity of cataracts could be achieved by feeding 13·4 g His/kg feed, independently of the dietary lipid source. However, the present study also suggests that the dietary histidine requirement to minimise the risk of cataract development is 14·4 g His/kg feed.