bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statin use and increased risk of cataract surgery
Authors: ERIE J , CHAMBERLAIN A , HODGE D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To determine the association of statin use with the risk of cataract surgery.Methods This is a retrospective population‐based, case‐control study. The Rochester Epidemiology Project was used to identify eligible residents of Olmsted county, Minnesota, USA. Cases included 6,024 county residents aged 50 years and older who had first‐eye cataract surgery between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2011. Controls included residents who never had cataract surgery and were matched to cases by age, sex, and index date within 1 month of surgery. Statin medication prescriptions for at least 1 year before the surgery date (cases) or index date (controls) were examined. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using logistic regression models.Results In the cataract surgery cohort, 2,557 (42%) were statin users compared to 2,038 (34%) in the matched control cohort (P<0.0001). Statin use of 1 or more years was associated with an increased risk of cataract surgery (OR=1.44; 95% CI, 1.34 – 1.55; P<0.0001). The associations were similar in women (OR=1.52; 95% CI, 1.38‐1.68; P<0.0001) and men (OR=1.34; 95% CI, 1.20‐1.51; P<0.0001), and remained significant after adjusting for diabetes, oral corticosteroid use, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use (P<0.003).Conclusion This study provides additional evidence that statin use is associated with an increased risk of cataract surgery in men and women, and underscores the likelihood of this unintended outcome in the large segment of the population that uses statins.
Simplified topical anaesthetic protocol for ambulatory cataract surgery: safety and satisfaction
Authors: FERTE A , BATTA B , TRECHOT F , FUCHS‐BUDER T , ANGIOI K 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Background and goal of study: The aim of our study was to assess safety and efficiency of cataract surgery (CS) under topical anaesthesia alone, i.e. without pre‐anaesthetic evaluation and without direct presence of an anaesthesiologist. To this end we assessed incidence of preoperative patients’ anxiety, perioperative adverse events and patients’ and surgeons’ satisfaction.Methods Materials and methods: Patients undergoing CS under topical anaesthesia were included during one month. Anaesthesiologist and anaesthesia nurse were present in the area and could intervene in case of an adverse event. Patients’ anxiety was scored using Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety & Information Scale (APAIS), their satisfaction with Iowa Satisfaction with Anaesthesia Scale (ISAS). Surgeons’ satisfaction was scored with a VAS from 0 to 10 (0: surgery not possible & 10: excellent surgical conditions).Results Results and discussion: 124 consecutive patients were included; mean age was 71 (±9.4). Mean APAIS I was 6.4/20 (±3.7). Mean APAIS II was 3.1 (±1.8). Mean ISAS score was 5.5/6 (±0.6), indicating a high patients’ satisfaction. Surgeons’ satisfaction score was 8.9/10 (±1.7). 23 adverse events occurred, 16 of them of required intervention: 5 supplemental regional anaesthesia, 6 iv‐analgesia, 5 management of hypertension.Conclusion Conclusion: These preliminary data suggest that simplified topical anaesthesia protocol for ambulatory CS seems to be feasible and safe, as long as an anaesthesia team is present in the area to intervene if needed.
Indexing of cataract surgery video by content based video retrieval
Authors: MARTIANO DH , CHARRIERE K , LAMARD M , COCHENER B 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Many surgical computer‐aided projects have emerged in recent years, but none interested in cataract surgery . The aim of our study was to develop a method able to recognize in real time the video stream , surgical phases clearly identified and thus to classify them in a database .Methods Over a period of 2 years, we have adopted a first series of 60 videos of cataract surgery , performed by six different surgeons. The operating parameters were recorded in postoperative dedicated form. Our first method characterized videos in 9 tasks : incision , OVD injection, capsulorhexis , hydrodissection , phacoemulsification , epi ‐ core implementation , OVD aspiration and closure. We developed specifically for this study , a novel characterization method using a granular system at several levels. To recognize in real time during the surgical phase , we used search algorithms for video content. The parameters studied were primarily based on visual content. Finally , we used the calculation of the area under the ROC curve for the quantification measure.Results The average video length was 15.25 + / ‐ 7 minutes [ 10.05‐28 ] . 8 videos were atypical ( implemented iris hooks , toric IOL). The mean area under the curve was 0.806 + / ‐ 0.1 [ 0563‐0937 ] for the analysis of complete sequences.Conclusion We choose to measure granularity in 4 different levels : procedure, phase, step, activity. These recognition system appear as a significant progress towards the construction of smart systems for surgery. Our method gives good quality results for sequencing our database video cataract surgery. And apart from some interest to have a database by automated grading , we can imagine the development of a device to support the initiation of surgical novice.
Survival in uveal melanoma spanish patients: 1992‐2012
Authors: SAORNIL ALVAREZ M , ALONSO P , GARCIA‐ALVAREZ C , MUNOZ M , ALMARAZ A , LOPEZ‐LARA F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To analize the specific survival of spanish patients diagnosed and treated of uveal melanoma in a national referral unit and compare the results with the previously published in other populationMethods Patients diagnosed of choroidal and ciliary body melanoma between 1992 and 2012 were included. Epidemiologic and general data, clinical and tumor characteristics, histopathologic features, survival status and cause of death were collected prospectively in a database. Statistical analysis was descriptive for baseline clinical features; survival was analysed by Kaplan‐Meier curves and multivariate Cox's regression model.Results 480 patients were included. Mean follow up of 58.6 months; mean age of 61.7 in males (48.5%) and 62.6 in females, arising in choroid 95.6%. Iris color was grey in 19%, and brown in 43.8%. Most of the tumors were medium size (40.4%) without neither extraocular (94.6%) nor systemic(98.7%) extension.Brachytherapy was performed in 43.4%, observation in 36.4% and enucleation in 18.2%. Predominant histologic types were mixed (39.1%) and fusiform (34.3%). Thirty nine patients died during the follow up time due to metastatic melanoma. Survival rate at 5 and 10 years was 87.7% and 85.5%. Patients with grey/blue iris presented worse survival at 5 years (75.6%) than hazel (91.4%). No deaths were registered in patients with small size; for medium and large survival was 91.2% and 64%. Factors with prognostic significance were: ciliary body location, extraocular extension, epithelioid type and grey/blue iris color.Conclusion The present study show a better survival than previously published series. Lighter iris color as showed prognostic value.These results may be due to epidemiologic differences.
Clinical features, instrumental diagnostics and surgical treatment of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in children
Authors: SAAKYAN S , AMIRYAN A , IVANOVA O , TATSKOV R 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To present the clinico‐instrumental features and surgical approaches in orbital rhabdomiosarcoma in children.Methods 15 children in the age from 4 month to 14 years (4 girls and 11 boys) were treated in our clinic. All the patients underwent both clinical and instrumental examinations, including CT‐scan, high frequency ultrasonography. The surgical treatment was performed in all cases – tumor excision or incision biopsy. The morphological verification of the tumors’s type was dedicated in all children – embryonal (13 children) and alveolar (2 children) rhabdomyosarcomas.Results In all case the progressive proptoses with vision decreasing in short period of time were noticed (from 2 weeks to 4 month). CT scan demonstrated a solid mass with accurate margins, localized in different part of the orbit (mainly under the upper roof – in 6 cases) with infiltration of rectus or oblique extraocular muscles. High frequency ultrasonography with Doppler scanning showed a hyporeflective lesion with hypervascular internal vascularization. In 6 cases the tumor excision were performed (all these tumors were covered with thin pseudocapsula and has less infiltration of orbital tissues).Conclusion The examination of rhabdomyosarcoma should be complex, based on anamnesis data, clinical features and instrumental investigations results. The type of surgical treatment should be chosen depending on the tumor infiltration of orbital tissues.
Case of orbital mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma accompanied with refractory serous retinal detachment
Authors: OSHITARI T , OTA S , KISHIMOTO T , YAMAMOTO S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose We present a case of orbital mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma accompanied with refractory serous retinal detachment.Methods A 44‐year‐old man who developed uveitis in the right eye was referred to Chiba National Hospital. His visual acuity was 0.5, and the IOP was 34 mmHg OD. Keratic precipitates and inflammatory cells were observed in the anterior chamber. Fundus examinations showed a serous retinal detachment (SRD) and a hyperemic disc. B‐mode ultrasonography showed a thickened choroidal membrane and a retrobulbar mass. The MRI findings showed that the mass had T1‐ and T2‐low intensities. Although topical steroid treatments improved the inflammation, the SRD was not improved. Because the oral steroid administration did not reduce the size of the retrobulbar mass, he was referred to the Chiba University Hospital.Results Two month later, the retrobulbar mass had increased, and a partial resection biopsy combined with flow cytometry was performed. The final diagnosis was mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The intraocular IL‐10 was not measurable. After R‐CHOP chemotherapy, the tumor size decreased but the SRD was not improved. Not only lymphoma cell infiltration but also choroidal circulatory disturbance may be associated with the development of the SRD.Conclusion Retrobulbar malignant lymphomas accompanied by refractory SRD are very rare and difficult to diagnose without biopsy. But, early diagnosis is more helpful in deciding the appropriate therapy.
Merkel cell carcinoma: therapeutic discussion about two cases
Authors: BAILLIEUL A , RICHET M , DESSERRE J , MAURAGE CA , LABALETTE P 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare cutaneous neuroendocrine tumor. Its incidence is estimated 0.34/100000 in the U.S. Caucasian population. The Merkel cell carcinoma is a tumor of rapid change with a high malignant potential. Indeed, the survival rate at 3 years was estimated at 68%. Eyelid localization is meanwhile 5‐10 % of Merkel cell carcinoma. The median age of diagnosis is 69 years. It is then in the form of an inflammatory nodule that may be confused with a chalazion.Methods We present two clinical cases of Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid, initially confused with chalazion. The staging was performed by PET scan. The first case was classified T1N0M0 carcinoma, the second a classified TxN0M0 carcinoma. Both cases underwent surgical excision healthy margin. The first case is a simple excision, the second flap rotation of the lower eyelid. During follow up the second case received radiotherapy for loco regional reached.Results There is no current consensus for the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma in the eyelid location. Its management is complex and must be multidisciplinary. Mohs micrographic surgery is the technique of choice. To secure tumor margins, radiotherapy seems to be an interesting adjuvant treatment for tumors larger than 2 cm. The sentinel nodetechnique can avoid unnecessary lymphadenectomy. Combination of radiotherapy and sentinel lymph node procedure may improved survival.Conclusion Merkel cell carcinoma is probably a virally induced cancer: a recent prospective study shows a significant association between infection with polyomavirus MCV and Merkel cell carcinoma. New therapy should happen quickly in the future.
Case of relapsing polychondritis with different ocular inflammations
Authors: NANA F , TOSHIYUKI O , SHUICHI Y 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose We present a case of relapsing polychondritis with orbital cellulitis.Methods A 71‐year‐old man had age‐related macular degeneration and had been treated by an intravitreal injection of anti‐VEGF in another hospital. Three months later, he noted that he was deaf in both ears. At the same time, he developed scleritis in the right which was improved by a topical steroids. At the first visit to our hospital, he had a reddish swelling in the left eyelid with pain. There was also a reddish swelling of the right auricula. CT examinations showed maxillary sinusitis, and he was diagnosed with left orbital cellulitis. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics, and the left orbital cellulitis rapidly improved but he developed right scleritis and left gonitis. Blood tests showed an elevation of ESR and CRP, and positive antinuclear antibody. MRI showed bilateral posterior scleritis and right auricular perichondritis.Results Because he had auricular perichondritis and cochleovestibular disorders, auricular biopsy was performed, and an infiltration of lymphocytes into the periauricular tissue was found histologically. Taken together, he was diagnosed with relapsing polychondritis. Oral predonisolone treatment was performed by a consulting rheumatologist, and both ocular and auricular inflammations improved. He continues with the oral predonisolone.Conclusion Although ocular complications of relapsing polychondritis are rare, polychondritis is a life‐threatening disease. Thus, ophthalmologists should consider relapsing polychondritis in patients with both ocular and auricular inflammation.
Prevalence of refractive error in school childrens with color vision deficiencies
Authors: OSTADIMOGHADDAM H , YEKTA AA , HERAVIAN J , AHMADI HOSSEINI M , VATANDOUST S , ABOLBASHARI F , SHARIFI F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To assess the refractive error status in subjects with color vision deficiency (CVD) and color normal (CN) in order to make a contribution to a better understanding of emmetropization process.Methods A total of 4400 students were screened using a Ishihara pseudoisochromatic color vision plate set. One hundred and sixty students were detected to have CVD. Four hundred age and sex match were set as the control group. Objective refraction was performed to determine the refractive status of the subjects.Results The prevalence of myopia in CVD group was 7.7% that was significantly lower than CN subjects (13.9%). Furthermore, CVD group presented with lower prevalence of hyperopia (41%) in comparison with CN group (57.4%). In addition, CVD subjects were presented with lower magnitude of refractive error in comparison with NC.Conclusion Although lower prevalence of myopia support the theory of the role of Longitudinal chromatic aberration in refractive error development, lower prevalence of hyperopia in CVD group is in contrary with that. This Results indicated that longitudinal chromatic aberration is not the only factor that could influences the emmetropization process.
Topical treatment‐ are we adhering to guidelines?
Authors: ANSARI E , FAGJENBAUM M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To determine if established guidelines for medical treatment are being used in glaucoma clinicsMethods Retrospective case note review of 120 consecutive patients in a glaucoma clinic who had been started on topical treatment within the last 5 years. The prescribing trends were compared to EGS guidelines and local guidelines. first line, second line and combination regimens, was analysed. The persistence of individual classes of drops and combination regimens was studied.Results First line: Prostaglandin analogues (PGA) were prescribed in 70%, Beta‐blockers (BB) in 20% and Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) and combination preparations in 10%. Persistence: 25% of PGA group, effect of one PGA lasted > 3 years; 75% of PGA group, effect of one PGA lasted < 3 years. 36% of BB group, effect of one BB lasted > 3years; in 64%, effect of single BB lasted < 3 years. Second line: PGA prescribed in 25%, BB in 9% and combination preparations in 66%. Persistence: 30% of BB+PGA lasted > 3 years; 43% of PGA+BB lasted > 3Conclusion First line drop prescription was in line with EGS and local guidelines. Persistence of effect of BB at > 3 years was better than PGA (36% v 25%). Combination drops were the most popular 2nd line, with Cosopt being the most popular (38%) 2nd line drop. The combination of PGA+combination drop had the best persistence (39%). There was a surprisingly large number of cases with inappropriate combination regimes.
Commercial interest
Patient satisfaction after preservative free latanoprost; the PASSY survey in Germany
Authors: ERB C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To determine the characteristics and satisfaction regarding tolerance of glaucoma patients treated by Monoprost®, preservative‐free (PF) latanoprost, in ophthalmology consultations.Methods Multicenter, epidemiological, retrospective survey in 6 European countries. OHT/Glaucoma Patients treated by PF latanoprost for more than 2 months were included. A 2 page questionnaire recorded: ocular history, data on previous treatment, reason for change, tolerance of the treatments, OSD and tear substitutes use, eye examination.Results 248 patients from Germany were analyzed. Mean age was 67. 89.5 % of the patients had received another previous treatment and the reasons for previous changes were mainly local intolerance (66%) and insufficient efficacy (46%). 96 % of patients declared to be satisfied or very satisfied with their PF latanoprost treatment. Tolerance was declared as better or much better than their previous treatment by 79% of patients and the same by 17%. The use of Monoprost® UD in comparison to the previous treatment was easier for 40 % of the patients or the same for 52%. Within the 38% of patients who use tear substitutes, this use decreased for 28% and did not change for 66% of patients.Conclusion After 2 months of Monoprost® treatment, almost all the patients were satisfied of their treatment and more than three‐fourth considered that the tolerance was better than the previous treatment.
Commercial interest
Two simple animal models of intraocular pressure elevation for testing therapeutic drugs in glaucoma
Authors: GRILLO‐ANTONELLI S , CIMBOLINI N , FERAILLE L , ELENA P 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the most important risk factors. Here we present two experimental models of high IOP in rats and rabbits. One is related to the side effects of corticosteroids and the other one on the hypersaline stress.Methods In the rat model, elevation of IOP was induced by instillations of 0.1% dexamethasone twice daily. One group received only saline instillations. The three dexamethasone induced groups received either 0.9% NaCl or brimonidine/timolol (0.2%/0.25%) or latanoprost (0.002%). The IOP was measured using a TonoLab® tonometer. In the rabbit model, elevation of IOP was induced by intravitreal (IVT) injection of 5% saline solution. The first received isotonic saline solution (0.9%) by IVT injection, the other two groups received hypertonic saline solution (5%) by IVT injection, one treated with an instillation of 0.9% NaCl and the other with an instillation of brimonidine‐timolol (0.2%/0.25%). IOP were recorded with a pneumatonometer.Results In the rat model, 0.1% dexamethasone instillations induced a significant and chronic increase of the IOP over 35 days. The high IOP significantly decreased after treatment with the IOP‐lowering agents. In the rabbit model, the treatment showed a significant and acute increase of the IOP over 30 min to 120 min, after treatment the IOP significantly decreased.Conclusion These two models of high intraocular pressure with simple experimental handling and low cost, can be used as a tool for discovering therapeutic drugs in glaucoma targeting the outflow
Changes in ganglion cell complex thickness in patients treated with intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy
Authors: CHO B , LEE JY , YOO RM 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the effect of repeated intravitreal injections of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) on the thickness of the ganglion cell complex(GCC) in patients with retinal diseases.Methods This is a retrospective study of 91 patient with injections for age‐related macular degeneration(AMD), diabetic retinopathy(DMR), or retinal vein occlusion(RVO), who received more than three anti‐VEGF injections. For this study, Ganglion cell complex thickness was measured by SD‐OCT. The measurements of GCC thickness were made at the fovea and at 3 points nasal and 3 points temporal to the fovea, each separated by a distance of 500 microns. We also evaluated the correlation between changes in ganglion cell complex and other factors including intraocular pressure (IOP), injection times, and the type of disease.Results After multiple intravitreal anti‐VEGF treatments, ganglion cell complex thickness decreased from the initial GCC thickness. Changes of GCC thickness(final GCC thickness ‐ initial GCC thickness) were ‐7.47 ± 22.81, ‐4.93 ± 21.93, ‐3.60 ± 33.39, ‐1.19 ± 9.38, ‐9.10 ± 32.89, ‐0.93 ± 24.44 and ‐2.57 ± 24.78 at T 1500, T 1000, T 500, the fovea, N 500, N 1000 and N 1500, respectively. And mean GCC thickness was changed from 98.56 ± 17.04 to 94.30 ± 14.49 (p= 0.15). When classified by disease, the decrease in GCC thickness was statistically significant in RVO patients. The number of injections was found to have no correlation with changes in GCC thickness.Conclusion Multiple intravitreal injections of anti‐VEGF lead to a significant change in GCC thickness. But, the number of injections did not appear to adversely affect GCC thickness.
Structure‐function relationship: Ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer thickness by SD‐OCT and central visual field sensitivity
Authors: CHAPRON T , MARECHAL M , EL CHEHAB H , FENOLLAND JR , MARILL AF , ROSENBERG R , DELBARRE M , MOUINGA A , RENARD JP 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate relationships between central 10‐2 visual field (VF) sensitivity by standard automatic perimetry (SAP) and the ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness by Cirrus HD‐OCT.Methods 64 eyes: 29 control and 34 glaucomatous eyes with an isolated 10‐2 central VF defect were included. Each of them underwent analyze of GCIPL thickness by Cirrus HD‐OCT and a reproducible central VF testing (Humphrey Field Analyser, SITA standard 10‐2, Carl Zeiss Meditec). Relationship between VF sensitivity and GCIPL thickness was analysed globally and in the six sectors of the HD‐OCT‐Cirrus using Spearman rank order correlations.Results Macular VF sensitivity and GCIPL thickness relationships were statistically significant in each sector (R= 0.455 ‐ 0.576, all p<0.001). Correlation for mean macular VF sensivity and mean GCIPL thickness was higher than sectorial correlations (R=0.645, p<0.0001). For sectors analysed, the highest correlation was in inferotemporal sector (R=0.576).Conclusion GCIPL thickness by Cirrus‐HD OCT showed statistically significant structure‐function associations with central VF sensitivity. Mean central VF sensitivity had the strongest correlation.