bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative phylogenetic, sequence and structural analysis of Insulin superfamily proteins provide unique structure‐function insights
Authors: Rao Shrilakshmi Sheshagiri , Kundapura Shankar V. , Dey Debayan , Palaniappan Chandrasekaran , Sekar Kanagaraj , Kulal Ananda , Ramagopal Udupi A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe insulin superfamily proteins (ISPs), in particular, insulin, IGFs and relaxin proteins are key modulators of animal physiology. They are known to have evolved from the same ancestral gene and have diverged into proteins with varied sequences and distinct functions, but maintain a similar structural architecture stabilized by highly conserved disulphide bridges. The recent surge of sequence data and the structures of these proteins prompted a need for a comprehensive analysis, which connects the evolution of these sequences (427 sequences) in the light of available functional and structural information including representative complex structures of ISPs with their cognate receptors. This study reveals (a) unusually high sequence conservation of IGFs (>90 % conservation in 184 sequences) and provides a possible structure‐based rationale for such high sequence conservation; (b) provides an updated definition of the receptor‐binding signature motif of the functionally diverse relaxin family members (c) provides a probable non‐canonical C‐peptide cleavage site in a few insulin sequences. The high conservation of IGFs appears to represent a classic case of resistance to sequence diversity exerted by physiologically important interactions with multiple partners. We also propose a probable mechanism for C‐peptide cleavage in a few distinct insulin sequences and redefine the receptor‐binding signature motif of the relaxin family. Lastly, we provide a basis for minimally modified insulin mutants with potential therapeutic application, inspired by concomitant changes observed in other insulin superfamily protein members supported by molecular dynamics simulation.
Blame and obligation: The importance of libertarianism and political orientation in the public assessment of disinformation in the United States
Authors: Rauchfleisch Adrian , Jungherr Andreas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDisinformation concerns have heightened the importance of regulating content and speech in digital communication environments. Perceived risks have led to widespread public support for stricter control measures, even at the expense of individual speech rights. To better understand these preferences in the US context, we investigate public attitudes regarding blame for and obligation to address digital disinformation by drawing on political ideology, libertarian values, trust in societal actors, and issue salience. A manual content analysis of open‐ended survey responses in combination with an issue salience experiment shows that political orientation and trust in actors primarily drive blame attribution, while libertarianism predominantly informs whose obligation it is to stop the spread. Additionally, enhancing the salience of specific aspects of the issue can influence people's assessments of blame and obligation. Our findings reveal a range of attributions, underlining the need for careful balance in regulatory interventions. Additionally, we expose a gap in previous literature by demonstrating libertarianism's unique role vis‐à‐vis political orientation in the context of regulating content and speech in digital communication environments.
Optimal Cut‐Point Selection Methods Under Binary Classification When Subclasses Are Involved
Authors: Wang Jia , Tian Lili 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIn practice, we often encounter binary classification problems where both main classes consist of multiple subclasses. For example, in an ovarian cancer study where biomarkers were evaluated for their accuracy of distinguishing noncancer cases from cancer cases, the noncancer class consists of healthy subjects and benign cases, while the cancer class consists of subjects at both early and late stages. This article aims to provide a large number of optimal cut‐point selection methods for such setting. Furthermore, we also study confidence interval estimation of the optimal cut‐points. Simulation studies are carried out to explore the performance of the proposed cut‐point selection methods as well as confidence interval estimation methods. A real ovarian cancer data set is analyzed using the proposed methods.
Identification and mechanistic exploration of key anti‐inflammatory molecules in American ginseng: Impacts on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 STAT3 phosphorylation and macrophage polarization
Authors: Li Taiping , Zhang Yougang , Dong Rong , Bi Wenjie , Wang Songsong , Zeng Kewu , Han Liwen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmerican ginseng (AG) has been reported to have anti‐inflammatory effects in many diseases, but the key molecules and mechanisms are unclear. This study aims to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of AG and identify the key molecules by in vivo and in vitro models. Zebrafish was employed to assess the anti‐inflammatory properties of AG and the compounds. Metabolomics was utilized to identify potential anti‐inflammatory molecules in AG, while molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to forecast the interaction capabilities of these compounds with inflammatory targets. Additionally, macrophage cell was employed to investigate the anti‐inflammatory mechanisms of the key molecules in AG by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. Seven potential anti‐inflammatory molecules were discovered in AG, with ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rs3 (G‐Rs3), and oleanolic acid exhibiting the strongest affinity for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. These compounds demonstrated inhibitory effects on macrophage migration in zebrafish models and the ability to regulate ROS levels in both zebrafish and macrophages. The cell experiments found that ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rs3, and oleanolic acid could promote macrophage M2/M1 polarization ratio and inhibit phosphorylation overexpression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. This study revealed the key anti‐inflammatory molecules and mechanisms of AG, and provided new evidence of anti‐inflammatory for the scientific use of AG.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry determination of nicotine and cotinine in urine: A study of the effect of passive smoking
Authors: Krokos Adamantios , Orfanidis Amvrosios , Mastrogianni Orthodoxia , Mitsa Foteini , Avgeri Maria , Eboriadou Maria , Theodoridis Georgios , Raikos Nikolaos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRationaleRecent data suggest that passive smoking has a risk comparable to active smoking. Passive smoking is considered dangerous in children and is suspected as a cause of asthma. However, some reports are opposing such claims, indicating the need for solid results and large‐scale studies. This scientific work aims to develop a method for the determination of nicotine (NCOT) and major nicotine's metabolite cotinine (COT) in urine samples, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).MethodsAnalysis was performed using a gas chromatograph Agilent Technologies 7890A with an MS 5975C inert XL, EI/CI MSD with Triple‐Axis detector. For sample preparation, liquid–liquid extraction was applied after an optimization study with different extraction media. Eventually, 1 mL of dichloromethane was selected for the extraction of 0.5 mL of urine. Suitable chromatographic conditions were found for the rapid and accurate determination of NCOT and COT. Injection of 2 μL was performed using GC–MS, and selected ion monitoring (SIM) analysis was performed with the following ions (m/z): 162 (quantifier ion) and 84, 133, 161 qualifier ions for NCOT, and 176 (quantifier ion) and 98, 118, 119, 147 qualifier ions for COT. Nicotine‐D4 (NCOT‐D4) and cotinine‐D3 (COT‐D3) were used as internal standards with quantifier ions 101 and 166, respectively. The retention time (Rt) for NCOT was 7.557 min and 9.743 min for COT.ResultsThe method was validated following international principles, assessing characteristics such as absolute recovery, carryover, linearity, specificity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, and stability. The method showed a linear dynamic range from 0.5 to 50 ng/mL, and the limits of detection and quantification were for both NCOT and COT 0.2 and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. Validation results were found satisfactory. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of 60 clinical pediatric samples obtained from Aristotle University's pediatric clinic to check for possible exposure to smoke. Concentration levels ranged between 0.5 and 16.2 ng/mL for NCOT and between 1.0 and 25.1 ng/mL for COT.ConclusionsA rapid, sensitive, accurate, and simple method was developed and used as a tool for the confirmation of passive smoking in children. It is the first method applied to the analysis of such samples belonging to nonsmokers of young age. The total runtime of the GC–MS analysis was short (20 min), and the pretreatment protocol was simple, giving the ability for analysis of a large number of samples on a daily routine basis.
Emerging 2D Ferromagnetism in Graphenized GdAlSi
Authors: Averyanov Dmitry V. , Sokolov Ivan S. , Taldenkov Alexander N. , Parfenov Oleg E. , Kondratev Oleg A. , Tokmachev Andrey M. , Storchak Vyacheslav G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract2D magnets are expected to give new insights into the fundamentals of magnetism, host novel quantum phases, and foster development of ultra‐compact spintronics. However, the scarcity of 2D magnets often makes a bottleneck in the research efforts, prompting the search for new magnetic systems and synthetic routes. Here, an unconventional approach is adopted to the problem, graphenization – stabilization of layered honeycomb materials in the 2D limit. Tetragonal GdAlSi, stable in the bulk, in ultrathin films gives way to its layered counterpart – graphene‐like anionic AlSi layers coupled to Gd cations. A series of inch‐scale films of layered GdAlSi on silicon is synthesized, down to a single monolayer, by molecular beam epitaxy. Graphenization induces an easy‐plane ferromagnetic order in GdAlSi. The magnetism is controlled by low magnetic fields, revealing its 2D nature. Remarkably, it exhibits a non‐monotonic evolution with the number of monolayers. The results provide a fresh platform for research on 2D magnets by design.
Recent Progress in MOF‐Aerogel Fabrication and Applications
Authors: Guo Tianyu , Mashhadimoslem Hossein , Choopani Leila , Salehi Mohammad Mehdi , Maleki Ali , Elkamel Ali , Yu Aiping , Zhang Qi , Song Junlong , Jin Yongcan , Rojas Orlando J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) underscore their significant potential in chemical and materials research, owing to their remarkable properties and diverse structures. Despite challenges like intrinsic brittleness, powdered crystalline nature, and limited stability impeding direct applications, MOF‐based aerogels have shown superior performance in various areas, particularly in water treatment and contaminant removal. This review highlights the latest progress in MOF‐based aerogels, with a focus on hybrid systems incorporating materials like graphene, carbon nanotube, silica, and cellulose in MOF aerogels, which enhance their functional properties. The manifold advantages of MOF‐based aerogels in energy storage, adsorption, and catalysis are discussed, with an emphasizing on their improved stability, processability, and ease of handling. This review aims to unlock the potential of MOF‐based aerogels and their real‐world applications. Aerogels are expected to reshape the technological landscape of MOFs through enhanced stability, adaptability, and efficiency.
Recording and Revealing 2.5D Nanopatterned Hidden Information on Silk Protein Bioresists
Authors: Lee Tae‐Yun , Choi Juwan , Lee Soohoon , Jeon Heonsu , Kim Sunghwan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNanopatterning on biomaterials has attracted significant attention as it can lead to the development of biomedical devices capable of performing diagnostic and therapeutic functions while being biocompatible. Among various nanopatterning techniques, electron‐beam lithography (EBL) enables precise and versatile nanopatterning in desired shapes. Various biomaterials are successfully nanopatterned as bioresists by using EBL. However, the use of high‐energy electron beams (e‐beams) for high‐resolutive patterning has incorporated functional materials and has caused adverse effects on biomaterials. Moreover, the scattering of electrons not absorbed by the bioresist leads to proximity effects, thus deteriorating pattern quality. Herein, EBL‐based nanopatterning is reported by inducing molecular degradation of amorphous silk fibroin, followed by selectively inducing secondary structures. High‐resolution EBL nanopatterning is achievable, even at low‐energy e‐beam (5 keV) and low doses, as it minimizes the proximity effect and enables precise 2.5D nanopatterning via grayscale lithography. Additionally, integrating nanophotonic structures into fluorescent material‐containing silk allows for fluorescence amplification. Furthermore, this post‐exposure cross‐linking way indicates that the silk bioresist can maintain nanopatterned information stored in silk molecules in the amorphous state, utilizing for the secure storage of nanopatterned information as a security patch. Based on the fabrication technique, versatile biomaterial‐based nanodevices for biomedical applications can be envisioned.
A Dual‐Active Covalent Triazine Framework Film for Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Guo Yantong , Yang Xiaoju , Sun Ruixue , Hu Xunliang , Shu Chang , Yang Xuan , Gao Hui , Wang Xiaoyan , Tan Bien 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production from water and oxygen offers a clean and sustainable alternative to the conventional energy‐intensive anthraquinone oxidation method. Compared to powdered covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), the film morphology of CTFs provides better connectivity in 2D, yielding several advantages: more efficient connections between active sites, reduced electron‐hole pair recombination, increased resistance to superoxide radical induced corrosion, and decreased light scattering. Leveraging these benefits, it has incorporated dual active sites for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the water oxidation reaction (WOR) into a CTF film system. This dual‐active CTF film demonstrated an exceptional hydrogen peroxide production rate of 19 460 µmol h⁻¹ m⁻2 after 1 h and 17 830 µmol h⁻¹ m⁻2 after 5 h under visible light irradiation (≥420 nm) without the need for sacrificial agents.
A Novel Hydrated Iron Vanadate Cathode Material for Advanced Aqueous Nickel‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Hongyan , Kuang Quan , Li Jianguo , Jin Yan , Li Yunbo , Fan Qinghua , Dong Youzhong , Zhao Yanming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAqueous nickel‐ion batteries (ANIBs) as an emerging energy storage device attracted much attention owing to their multielectron redox reaction and dendrite‐free Ni anode, yet their development is hindered by the divalent properties of Ni2+ and the lack of suitable cathode materials. Herein, a hydrated iron vanadate (Fe2V3O10.5∙1.5H2O, FOH) with a preferred orientation along the (200) plane is innovatively proposed and used as cathode material for ANIBs. The FOH cathode exhibits a remarkable capacity of 129.3 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and a super‐high capacity retention of 95% at 500 mA g−1 after 700 cycles. The desirable Ni2+ storage capacity of FOH can be attributed to the preferentially oriented and tunnel structures, which offer abundant reaction active planes and a broad Ni2+ diffusion path, the abundant vacancies and high specific surface area further increase ion storage sites and accelerate ion diffusion in the FOH lattice. Furthermore, the Ni2+ storage mechanism and structural evolution in the FOH cathode are explored through ex situ XRD, ex situ Raman, ex situ XPS and other ex situ characteristics. This work opens a new way for designing novel cathode materials to promote the development of ANIBs.
Recent Progress in Synthetic and Biological Application of Diorganyl Diselenides
Authors: do Carmo Pinheiro Roberto , Souza Marques Luiza , Ten Kathen Jung Juliano , Nogueira Cristina Wayne , Zeni Gilson 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiorganyl diselenides have emerged as privileged structures because they are easy to prepare, have distinct reactivity, and have broad biological activity. They have also been used in the synthesis of natural products as an electrophile in the organoselenylation of aromatic systems and peptides, reductions of alkenes, and nucleophilic substitution. This review summarizes the advancements in methods for the transformations promoted by diorganyl diselenides in the main functions of organic chemistry. Parallel, it will also describe the main findings on pharmacology and toxicology of diorganyl diselenides, emphasizing anti‐inflammatory, hypoglycemic, chemotherapeutic, and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, an examination detailing the reactivity and biological characteristics of diorganyl diselenides provides valuable insights for academic researchers and industrial professionals.
Symptom profiles compatible with disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) in organic gastrointestinal diseases: A global population‐based study
Authors: van Gils Tom , Hreinsson Jóhann P. , Törnblom Hans , Tack Jan , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Palsson Olafur S. , Sperber Ami D. , Simrén Magnus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with organic gastrointestinal (GI) diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM) can have concomitant disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI).ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the global prevalence of DGBI‐compatible symptom profiles in adults with and without self‐reported organic GI diseases or DM.MethodsData were collected in a population‐based internet survey in 26 countries, the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (n = 54,127). Individuals were asked if they had been diagnosed by a doctor with gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer, coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diverticulitis, GI cancer or DM. Individuals not reporting the organic diagnosis of interest were included in the reference group. DGBI‐compatible symptom profiles were based on Rome IV diagnostic questions. Odds ratios (ORs [95% confidence interval]) were calculated using mixed logistic regression models.ResultsHaving one of the investigated organic GI diseases was linked to having any DGBI‐compatible symptom profile ranging from OR 1.64 [1.33, 2.02] in GI cancer to OR 3.22 [2.80, 3.69] in IBD. Those associations were stronger than for DM, OR 1.26 [1.18, 1.35]. Strong links between organic GI diseases and DGBI‐compatible symptom profiles were seen for corresponding (e.g., IBD and bowel DGBI) and non‐corresponding (e.g., IBD and esophageal DGBI) anatomical regions. The strongest link was seen between fecal incontinence and coeliac disease, OR 6.94 [4.95, 9.73]. After adjusting for confounding factors, associations diminished, but persisted.ConclusionDGBI‐compatible symptom profiles are more common in individuals with self‐reported organic GI diseases and DM compared to the general population. The presence of these concomitant DGBIs should be considered in the management of organic (GI) diseases.
Dystocia management in a 1‐year‐old primiparous West African Dwarf Doe
Authors: Jeremiah Kelechi T. , Ogundipe Tolulope G. , Uzoka Ugonna H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDystocia or difficulty in parturition in a doe may need veterinary assistance for successful parturition. This is a case of dystocia in a 1‐year‐old primigravid West African Dwarf doe managed under free range. The dystocia was as a result of fetal mal‐positioning in which the right forelimb was extended while the left was flexed. Feto‐maternal disproportion also played a role in this case probably due to underdeveloped birth canal, as the doe was a primi. The dystocia was managed surgically, as all efforts to manage it conservatively proved futile. The doe made an uneventful recovery.
Preoperative metabolic syndrome and prognosis after pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Gu Fenglin , Shen Xiaoding , Wang Ziyao , Xie Zerong , Ke Nengwen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a retrospective study to investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS), its individual components, and the number of metabolic risk factors on the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) following pancreatectomy.MethodsMetS was defined as meeting any three of the following criteria: (1) waist circumference ≥85 cm in men or ≥80 cm in women; (2) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL or receiving drug treatment for elevated triglycerides; (3) high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women or receiving drug treatment for reduced HDL‐C; (4) systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg or receiving drug treatment for hypertension; and (5) fasting glucose, (FG) ≥100 mg/dL or receiving drug treatment for elevated glucose. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by the Cox regression model.ResultsSix hundred and seven patients who underwent radical resection for PC were enrolled in this study. Among them, 352 patients presented with preoperative MetS. MetS was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) but not with shorter disease‐free survival (DFS). The adjusted HR (95% CI) for the poor OS in patients with 3, 4, and 5 metabolic risk components (vs. ≤ 2) were 1.32 (1.03–1.84), 1.64 (1.18–2.29), and 1.96 (1.27–3.04), respectively (p < 0.05). Elevated FG emerged as a significant predictor for poor OS and DFS.ConclusionsThis study highlights that preoperative MetS serves as a significant predictor for OS in patients with PC, with its predictive value escalating as the number of metabolic risk components increases.
Adrenal cysts less than 10 cm can be safely observed
Authors: Rodriguez Emily , Fedorova Tatiana , Daskam Maria , Baraban Ezra , Foote Darci C. , Salvatori Roberto , Singla Nirmish , Fishman Elliot K. , Chen Cardenas Stanley M. , Ball Douglas W. , Hamrahian Amir H. , Mathur Aarti , Morris‐Wiseman Lilah F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdrenal cysts are rare and appropriate management is unclear due to a lack of data on their natural history. Understanding adrenal cyst growth patterns would assist in clinical management.MethodsThis single‐institution study included all adult patients diagnosed with simple adrenal cysts between 2004 and 2021. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of those who underwent resection (ADX) or observation (OBS) were compared using the chi‐squared test, student's t‐test, and Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. Growth curves and sensitivity analysis were plotted for all patients who had follow‐up imaging.ResultsWe identified 77 patients with imaging‐confirmed adrenal cysts. The majority were female (75.3%) and more than half were white (55.8%). One‐third of patients underwent ADX, and the remaining were observed. ADX patients were younger (median age [IQR]: 55.5 y [45.0–68.2 y] vs. 44.2 y [38.7–55.0 y], p = 0.01) and more likely to be Hispanic (12% vs. 0%, p = 0.05). ADX patients presented with larger cysts (5.6 vs. 2.6 cm, p = 0.002). The median time from diagnosis to last follow‐up was 1.1 y for ADX and 4.1 y for OBS. Average growth for OBS was 0.3 cm/y, while average growth for ADX was 3.9 cm/y. In ADX patients, cysts >10 cm grew significantly faster than cysts <10 cm (median growth rate 13.2 cm/y vs. 0.3 cm/y, p < 0.05). There was no adrenal malignancy diagnosis, hyperfunctionality, or observation‐related complications (e.g., rupture).ConclusionWhile size >4–6 cm has guided surgical referral for solid adrenal masses, this study demonstrates a size threshold of 10 cm, below which asymptomatic, simple adrenal cysts can safely be observed.