bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species interactions determine the spatial mortality patterns emerging in plant communities after extreme events
Authors: Liao Jinbao , Bogaert Jan , Nijs Ivan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGap disturbance is assumed to maintain species diversity by creating environmental heterogeneity. However, little is known about how interactions with neighbours, such as competition and facilitation, alter the emerging gap patterns after extreme events. Using a spatially explicit community model we demonstrate that negative interactions, especially intraspecific competition, greatly promote both average gap size and gap-size diversity relative to positive interspecific interaction. This suggests that competition would promote diversity maintenance but also increase community invasibility, as large gaps with a wide size variety provide more diverse niches for both local and exotic species. Under interspecific competition, both gap metrics interestingly increased with species richness, while they were reduced under intraspecific competition. Having a wider range of species interaction strengths led to a smaller average gap size only under intraspecific competition. Increasing conspecific clumping induced larger gaps with more variable sizes under intraspecific competition, in contrast to interspecific competition. Given the range of intraspecific clumping in real communities, models or experiments based on randomly synthesized communities may yield biased estimates of the opportunities for potential colonizers to fill gaps. Overall, our “static” model on gap formation offers perspectives to better predict recolonization opportunity and thus community secondary succession under extreme event regimes.
Why humans build fires shaped the same way
Authors: Bejan Adrian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHere we see why humans unwittingly build fires that look the same: edifices of fuel, as tall as they are wide. The pile of fuel is permeable, air invades it by natural convection and drives the combustion. I show that the hottest pile of burning fuel occurs when the height of the pile is roughly the same as its base diameter. Future studies may address the shape effect of wind, material type and packing. Key is why humans of all eras have been relying on this design of fire “unwittingly”. The reason is that the heat flow from fire facilitates the movement and spreading of human mass on the globe.
Seneca
Authors: Malaspina Ermanno , Wildberger Jula , Revello Veronica 
Published: June 2015

The Stoic Seneca (b. c. 4 bce–d. 65 ce), mentor to Emperor Nero and one of the wealthiest men of his time, has been studied as the brilliant and enigmatic father of Silver Latin prose and, together with his nephew Lucan, as an outstanding representative of the rhetorical, gory baroque of 1st-century ce Latin poetry. The latter subject is covered in the parallel bibliography on Seneca’s tragedies; the present article is dedicated to Seneca as a philosopher. This very fact, that we now regard his philosophy as a research subject by itself, reflects a fundamental change in his reception. For a long time, the majority of scholars saw in Seneca a wielder of edifying words rather than a serious thinker, a moralizer and eclectic, who would not hesitate to mix disparate ingredients from competing schools into a hotchpotch of sparkling, sententious diatribe. At the beginning of the 20th century, those interested in philosophy mined his works for traces of his Greek models, the “real” philosophers whom they deemed worthy of study, in particular the Stoic Posidonius (b. c. 135–d. 51 bce). In the 1960s and 1970s, attention to Seneca himself increased significantly in anglophone scholarship. While Italian scholars have always insisted on an holistic approach, refusing to detach stylistic considerations from an analysis of conceptual content and never separating his political thought from his life as an active politician, scholars in Germany and France followed the lead of Paul Rabbow’s famous research on Seelenheilung (“psychotherapy”) and Seelenführung (“psychagogy”) and read Seneca as a spiritual guide. All these approaches continue to play an important role in international Seneca scholarship, but two recent tendencies deserve special attention. Inspired by Michel Foucault’s readings of Seneca as a representative of “the care of the self” in ancient philosophy, study of Senecan therapy and psychagogy has resulted in increasingly sophisticated explorations of what one might call his philosophy of authorship. What is more, considerable improvements in our understanding of Stoicism, Seneca’s professed school, have revealed his well-informed commitment to his predecessors. Against the more clearly defined backdrop of Hellenistic and Imperial Stoicism, it has also become easier to recognize and illustrate facets of Seneca’s originality, a work that is still ongoing or rather, one may dare say, has only just begun.
Brown v. Plata
Authors: Reiter Keramet , Pifer Natalie 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In 2011 the US Supreme Court declared healthcare in California’s prison system constitutionally inadequate under the Eighth Amendment and upheld an order to reduce the prison population by almost one- third. This article examines the initiation and trajectory of the Brown v. Plata litigation, California’s effort to “realign” state prisoners into county facilities, and recent legal challenges to conditions in jails. Plata must be understood not just as a symbolic critique of mass incarceration, but as an example of (a) the persistent power of administrative discretion and political resistance to reform and (b) the challenges of devolving punitive power to increasingly local decision-makers. Rather than reducing California’s reliance on mass incarceration, Plata may have simply initiated fragmentation of mass incarceration into local jails, which are both less visible and more resistant to federal judicial control than state prison systems.
A simple optical system delivering a tunable micrometer pink beam that can compensate for heat-induced deformations
Authors: Reininger Ruben , Liu Zunping , Doumy Gilles , Young Linda 
Published: June 2015

The radiation from an undulator reflected from one or more optical elements (usually termed `pink-beam') is used in photon-hungry experiments. The optical elements serve as a high-energy cutoff and for focusing purposes. One of the issues with this configuration is maintaining the focal spot dimension as the energy of the undulator is varied, since this changes the heat load absorbed by the first optical element. Finite-element analyses of the power absorbed by a side water-cooled mirror exposed to the radiation emitted by an undulator at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) and at the APS after the proposed upgrade (APSU) reveals that the mirror deformation is very close to a convex cylinder creating a virtual source closer to the mirror than the undulator source. Here a simple optical system is described based on a Kirkpatrick–Baez pair which keeps the focus size to less than 2 µm (in the APSU case) with a working distance of 350 mm despite the heat-load-induced change in source distance. Detailed ray tracings at several photon energies for both the APS and APSU show that slightly decreasing the angle of incidence on the mirrors corrects the change in the `virtual' position of the source. The system delivers more than 70% of the first undulator harmonic with very low higher-orders contamination for energies between 5 and 10 keV.
Ten questions that make a difference for HR leadership
Authors: Longenecker Clinton , Fink Laurence S 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– Presents the distilled wisdom of two human-resource (HR) award facilitators.

Design/methodology/approach
– Takes in the form of ten questions that make a difference for HR leadership.

Findings
– Asks: Are you trusted by the members of your organization? Do you possess a real and comprehensive understanding of how your business makes money? Do you keep yourself up to speed on the legal and compliance issues that are most important to your organization? Do you think strategically and execute operationally? Are you measuring and monitoring the most meaningful metrics that measure mission-driven performance? Are you working hard to create business partnerships with your stakeholders that increase the likelihood of success? Are you taking steps to help all managers in your organization to operate like great HR leaders? Are you using your talents and influence to build teams and solve organizational problems? Do you seek out and apply innovative HR practices that can truly affect your organization’s bottom-line performance? Do you ensure that people have the information they need to perform in an optimal fashion?

Practical implications
– Urges HR specialists to review, reflect on and assess their response to each of the questions.

Social implications
– Suggests that each question identifies key behaviors and activities that can become a target for improvement.

Originality/value
– Provides valuable insight rarely available to HR specialists.
Engaged employees shimmer for Oasis HR
Authors: Barr Katie 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– Describes a three-prong approach to employee engagement which helped Oasis HR to win first prize in the inaugural Employee Engagement awards.

Design/methodology/approach
– Examines the reasons for the approach, the form it takes and the results it is helping to obtain.

Findings
– Considers the quarterly vision updates and an incentive prize scheme, the gold-card program and peer-to-peer recognition through living the values.

Practical implications
– Shows that, since the program was introduced, staff turnover has fallen, sales have risen and motivation and employee satisfaction have improved.

Social implications
– Highlights how employee satisfaction has been generated in a sales environment.

Originality/value
– Provides the inside story of an award-winning employee-engagement scheme.
Do corporate sustainability practices enhance organizational economic performance?
Authors: Maletic Matjaž , Maletic Damjan , Dahlgaard Jens , Dahlgaard-Park Su Mi , Gomišcek Boštjan 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to clarify the relation between sustainability practices and financial and market performance, and also, the role of non-financial performance outputs in this relation. Corporate sustainability is a growing area of importance for organizational development. Managing sustainability practices successfully is an imperative in achieving competitive advantage.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using empirical data based on a large-scale survey among organizations in five countries (i.e. Germany, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia and Spain), this paper utilized mediation analysis to estimate and test the mediated effects in a multiple mediator model. As such, the sizes of indirect effects of sustainability practices on financial and market performance through potential mediators were estimated.

Findings
– The results showed that innovation performance exerts a mediation effect in the relation between sustainability practices and financial and market performance. The main conclusion is that a greater engagement in sustainability practices leads to an increased innovation performance, which in turn leads to financial and market performance.

Originality/value
– This paper is one of the first attempts to empirically validate sustainability exploitation and sustainability exploration practices. Besides, the analysis of the direct and indirect effects of sustainability exploration and sustainability exploitation practices on financial and market performance has not been yet addressed to a great extent.
Learning from criticisms of quality management
Authors: Barouch Gilles , Kleinhans Stéphane 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims at summing up the main criticisms concerning quality management (QM) in order to address them through objective arguments or extant research. Since its diffusion in the Occident in the 70s, QM gained as much approvals as criticisms. Therefore, with 40 years distance, it seems useful to sum up the main criticisms addressed to QM, to present a synthesis of the answers provided by researchers to these criticisms and to propose extant research when it appears that some criticisms have not received yet the adequate response.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is based on a literature review.

Findings
– This paper comes up with a list of the main criticisms addressed to QM. Then, main causes of criticisms are identified: ignorance of QM, confusion concerning QM definitions and theory and misuse of QM by senior managers. At last, QM organizational solutions are proposed which answer most expressed criticisms. Extant research tracks are considered for those relevant criticisms which have not been sufficiently addressed until now.

Research limitations/implications
– Further research will look into depicting a survey conducted among QM professionals concerning QM criticisms in their organization and confronting them to these academic results.

Originality/value
– This paper actualizes and completes Giroux and Landry’s (1998) article which dealt extensively with QM criticisms. Professionals will find in this paper answers to most criticisms against QM and a better understanding of the present limits of this discipline. Researchers will be provided with a state of the art concerning this sensitive topic, allowing them to go deeper in the fields that require special attention.
Service productivity as mutual learning
Authors: Grönroos Christian , Ojasalo Katri 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the mutual learning implications for service productivity of the characteristics of service and service production.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a conceptual paper. The starting point is, first of all, that productivity as a management concept should help a firm to manage its economic profit, and secondly, that service organizations are open systems, where the customers participate as co-producers and are exposed to the firm’s production resources and processes. Unlike in manufacturing, to understand productivity in service organizations as a means of managing profit, cost effects and revenue effects of changes in the productions system cannot be separated. Due to the interaction between customers and the firm’s resources during service production, dialogical collaboration between them develops. This enables mutual learning.

Findings
– Given the social dynamics in service production processes, four learning processes that influence service productivity are identified. Two processes enhance the organizations’s internal efficiency (cost savings), and two enhance its external effectiveness (perceived quality, revenue generation); two are organization-driven, two are customer-driven.

Research limitations/implications
– The mutual learning model demonstrates how the service provider by learning from the dynamics of service encounters in many ways can manage the productivity of the organizations’s processes. It shows that learning enables improvement of service productivity through effects enhancing both internal efficiency and external effectiveness.

Originality/value
– In a productivity context, learning has not earlier been studied as a mutual learning phenomenon.
Samsung’s journey to excellence in quality
Authors: Shin Wan Seon , Kim Chongman 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate Samsung’s strategic efforts in achieving excellence in quality.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study divides Samsung’s activities into five distinctive areas: quality leadership, motivating employees, methodologies, preemptive priorities and key activities in the field management. Case studies will be explored based on the chronological analysis of the above five subjects, and a comprehensive roadmap toward excellence will also be suggested.

Findings
– This study has found that Samsung has used diverse concepts to excel in improving quality and profitability simultaneously. The company’s approaches are divided into five categories and positioned according to their possible contributions to excellence. One of the key findings of this paper is the concept of “the line of redundancy” which adopts parallel systems. For example, its parallel systems such as dual sourcing and 120 per cent human resource management have contributed to Samsung’s quality.

Practical implications
– The result of this study will help managers implement innovative initiatives for achieving excellence through quality management.

Originality/value
– Samsung has improved the quality dramatically and many companies want to learn Samsung’s way. This paper investigated how Samsung developed the quality system in the past decades and suggests some findings.
Campus sustainability initiatives and performance: do they correlate?
Authors: Lang Tim 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that there are correlations between campus sustainability initiatives and environmental performance, as measured by resource consumption and waste generation performance metrics. Institutions of higher education would like to imply that their campus sustainability initiatives are good proxies for their environmental performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using data reported through the Association for the Advancement in Higher Education’s Sustainability Tracking and Rating System (AASHE STARS) framework, a series of univariate multiple linear regression models were constructed to test for correlations between energy, greenhouse gas (GHG), water and waste performance metrics, and credit points awarded to institutions for various campus sustainability initiatives.

Findings
– There are very limited correlations between institutional environmental performance and adoption of campus sustainability initiatives, be they targeted operational or coordination and planning best practices, or curricular, co-curricular or research activities. Conversely, there are strong correlations between environmental performance and campus characteristics, namely, institution type and climate zone.

Practical implications
– Institutional decision makers should not assume that implementing best practices given credit by AASHE STARS will lead to improved environmental performance. Those assessing institutional sustainability should be wary of institutions who cite initiatives to imply a certain level of environmental performance or performance improvement.

Originality/value
– This is the first paper to use data reported through the AASHE STARS framework to assess correlations between campus initiatives and environmental performance. It extends beyond previous research by considering energy, water and waste performance metrics in addition to GHG emissions, and it considers campus sustainability initiatives in addition to campus characteristics.
Using sustainability themes and multidisciplinary approaches to enhance STEM education
Authors: Rogers Michael , Pfaff Thomas , Hamilton Jason , Erkan Ali 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report on the Multidisciplinary Sustainability Education Project (MSEP) as a framework using sustainability-themed education modules to introduce students to the need for multidisciplinary approaches to solving twenty-first-century problems while retaining traditional course strengths and content.

Design/methodology/approach
– The MSEP uses sustainability-themed education models and a multidisciplinary approach to link courses across disciplines. Modules are identified by an overarching question with activities designed to address the overarching question from course-specific perspectives, resulting in students writing short technical reports summarizing their results. Students then read and evaluate technical reports from other classes, and complete a summary activity designed to connect perspectives from different disciplines.

Findings
– The multi-method assessment identified no loss or gain in discipline-specific learning; increased understanding about the characteristics of twenty-first-century problems, in particular those related to sustainability; and increased students
'
favorable perceptions of introductory calculus. Assessment of increased understanding of how different disciplines can work together to understand complex problems was difficult to measure due to limitations of a project-developed assessment instrument.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to undergraduate sustainability education by describing a framework for connecting courses using sustainability-themed modules. By implementing an asynchronous manner where courses use materials from the project Web site and contribute materials to the Web site after implementing a module, it is easy to incorporate a module into existing courses, any educational institution’s existing structure and across institutions. The framework’s flexible design allows new courses from any discipline to connect to a module, allowing for multidisciplinary connections to grow over time.
Sustainability and action research in universities
Authors: Wooltorton Sandra , Wilkinson Anne , Horwitz Pierre , Bahn Sue , Redmond Janice , Dooley Julian 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– Academic approaches to the challenge of enhancing sustainability in research in university contexts illustrate that universities are affected by the very same values and socio-ecological issues they set out to address, making transformation difficult at every level. A theoretical and practical framework designed to facilitate cultural transformation is therefore necessary for conceptualising the problem and delineating possible strategies to enhance sustainability in research. Organisational change is also required, possibly on a university-by-university basis, where cross-institutional learning may be possible with personal behaviours that enhance collaboration across disciplinary and administrative divides.Design/methodology/approach– This paper contends that action research, in particular, community action research (CAR), offers the best approach to this task because it focusses on learning and change, and these are both essential to cultural transformation. A case study from a university in Western Australia is used to demonstrate this approach.Findings– The case study analysis shows some evidence for the presence of knowledge for organisational transformation, and that future monitoring cycles will be needed to detect the extent of the change.Originality/value– The paper introduces CAR as an approach to advance the change for sustainability in higher education and discusses some of the implications for universities who are looking to incorporate sustainability as a major part of their culture.