bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic-Specific Obesity Cutoffs for Diabetes Risk: Cross-sectional Study of 490,288 UK Biobank Participants
Authors: Ntuk Uduakobong E. , Gill Jason M.R. , Mackay Daniel F. , Sattar Naveed , Pell Jill P. 
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE
To compare the relationship between adiposity and prevalent diabetes across ethnic groups in the UK Biobank cohort and to derive ethnic-specific obesity cutoffs that equate to those developed in white populations in terms of diabetes prevalence.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
UK Biobank recruited 502,682 U.K. residents aged 40–69 years. We used baseline data on the 490,288 participants from the four largest ethnic subgroups: 471,174 (96.1%) white, 9,631 (2.0%) South Asian, 7,949 (1.6%) black, and 1,534 (0.3%) Chinese. Regression models were developed for the association between anthropometric measures (BMI, waist circumference, percentage body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio) and prevalent diabetes, stratified by sex and adjusted for age, physical activity, socioeconomic status, and heart disease.

RESULTS
Nonwhite participants were two- to fourfold more likely to have diabetes. For the equivalent prevalence of diabetes at 30 kg/m2 in white participants, BMI equated to the following: South Asians, 22.0 kg/m2; black, 26.0 kg/m2; Chinese women, 24.0 kg/m2; and Chinese men, 26.0 kg/m2. Among women, a waist circumference of 88 cm in the white subgroup equated to the following: South Asians, 70 cm; black, 79 cm; and Chinese, 74 cm. Among men, a waist circumference of 102 cm equated to 79, 88, and 88 cm for South Asian, black, and Chinese participants, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Obesity should be defined at lower thresholds in nonwhite populations to ensure that interventions are targeted equitably based on equivalent diabetes prevalence. Furthermore, within the Asian population, a substantially lower obesity threshold should be applied to South Asian compared with Chinese groups.
Three Dimensional Analysis of Asymmetric Rolling with Flat and Inclined Entry
Authors: Wroński S. , Wierzbanowski K. , Wroński M. , Bacroix B. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The results of three-dimensional simulation of asymmetric rolling, using Finite Elements Method, are presented. The example case of low carbon steel is considered. The rolling asymmetry, considered in the present work, results from different angular velocities of two identical working rolls. The effects of asymmetry on stress and strain distributions, material bending and variations of normal force and torque exerted by rolls are calculated and discussed. A special emphasis is done on the influence of inclined entry of a rolled material, which can appear in sequential rolling. Such the entry can partly compensate the material bending during. The results of the present simulations show that optimum parameters can be found in order to minimize the effect of sheet curvature and to reduce the applied torque and normal rolling force.
The predicted internal stress distributions were applied next in the crystallographic deformation model; the predicted textures of symmetric and asymmetric rolling are in good agreement with experimental results.
Manufacturing of Ferritic Low-Silicon and Molybdenum Ductile Cast Iron with the Innovative 2PE- 9 Technique
Authors: Guzik E. , Kopyciński D. , Wierzchowski D. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The use of two cored wire injection methods (2PE- 9) and the unique application of a drum ladle as a treatment, transport and casting one, instead of a vertical treatment ladle are presented. Optimization parameters, like: length of nodulariser wire, treatment and pouring temperature have been shown. The influence of various treatment temperatures on magnesium recovery is demonstrated. The typical microstructure, mechanical properties and cost calculation of the ferritic ductile cast iron (type SiMo - EN-GJS-SiMo40-6 Grade) production according to EN 16124:2011 (E) are presented. Injection of two Ø 9 mm as well wires; cored in FeSi + Mg nodulariser mixture and inoculant master alloy into a drum ladle is a treatment method that can be used for the production of ferritic ductile cast iron (SiMo) melted in a coreless induction furnace.
Possibilities of Reclamation Microwave-Hardened Molding Sands with Water Glass
Authors: Stachowicz M. , Granat K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper presents results of a research on identifying opportunities for effective reclamation of waste molding sand with water-glass, hardened by microwave heating. The molding sand applied in the tests was prepared with use of selected type 145 of sodium water-glass. The sand was sequentially processed by microwave hardening, cooling, thermal loading to 800°C, cooling to ambient temperature, crushing and mechanical reclamation. These stages create a closed processing loop. After each cycle, changes of tensile strength and bending strength were determined. Results of the study show that it is possible to activate surface of high-silica grains of waste foundry sand hardened with microwaves, provided that applied are appropriate processing parameters in successive operation cycles.
A Study of Non-Isothermal Kinetic Reaction for Vulcanization of Chloride Butyl Rubber via Phenol Formaldehyde Resin
Authors: He X. R. , Yu H. , Rong Y. Q. , Zhang R. , Huang G. S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Brominated tert octyl phenol formaldehyde resin (PR) is an important cross linker for chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR). There are two competitive reactions in the vulcanization process of CIIR, the cross-linking reaction and the self-poly-condensation reaction of PR. The cross-linking density was measured by the equilibrium swelling method. The results showed: with the increasing of PR content, the cross-linking density increased when it was less than 10 phr, and decreased when the PR content exceeded 10 phr. The kinetics equation of cross-linking reaction and the self-poly-condensation reaction was obtained by non-isothermal DSC method. The results showed that the concentration index n2 of PR in the cross-linking reaction was far less than the concentration index n3 of PR in the self-poly-condensation reaction. The self-poly-condensation reaction was more sensitive to the concentration of PR. This explained that the cross-linking density was out of proportion with the cross linker PR content. The mechanical properties and the dynamic mechanical properties were investigated by the universal testing machine and the dynamic mechanical performance analysis (DMA), respectively. The results showed that the cross-linking density had a great impact on the mechanical properties and the dynamic mechanical properties, and the variation trend of the cross-linking density was further confirmed by the corresponding variation of the properties. When the PR content was 5 phr, the CIIR vulcanizates had better mechanical properties.
Optimal use of corticosteroids in gastroenterology and hepatology
Authors: Verhelst Xavier , De Vos Martine , Van Vlierberghe Hans 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Although they have been introduced a long time ago, corticosteroids are still extensively used for the treatment of several gastroenterological and hepatological diseases. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of current indications for the optimal use of corticosteroids in this field. For a growing number of indications, budesonide can be an interesting alternative for systemic corticosteroids due to its rapid first-pass hepatic metabolism. Furthermore, topical corticosteroids are increasingly used, e.g., for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis and selected patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We conclude that corticosteroids remain of great importance in gastroenterology and hepatology, but the balance between benefit and side-effects use should be evaluated cautiously.”
HER2 mutations in Moroccan lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Elghissassi Ibrahim , Boutayeb Saber , Inrhaoun Hanane , Kettani Fouad , Gamra Lamia , Mestari Amina , Jabri Lamia , Bensouda Youssef , Mrabti Hind , Errihani Hassan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction: Mutations in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene have been reported in lung adenocarcinoma, mainly in East Asian, American and Caucasian patients. There are no data available on the frequency of HER2 mutations in North African and Arab lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The mutational status of the HER2 gene was evaluated in 88 Moroccan lung adenocarcinoma patients. HER2 mutations in exon 20 were analyzed using conventional DNA sequencing. Results: One HER2 mutation was found in this series of 88 patients (1.1%). This patient was male and a heavy smoker. Conclusion: This study, the first to date dedicated to HER2-mutated North African lung adenocarcinoma patients, revealed that HER2 mutations are relatively infrequent in Moroccan lung adenocarcinomas and thus a probably limited interest of HER2 inhibitors.
Endoscopic ultrasound of asymptomatic descending thoracic aorta thrombosis
Authors: Youssef Altonbary Ahmed , Elsayed Shiha Gamal , Hussein Bahgat Monir , Mohamed Seif Seham 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Thoracic aortic thrombus is a rare condition with only approximately 100 cases reported. Typically, this phenomenon is only diagnosed after symptomatic embolization. A 70 years old male was presented to our hospital with obstructing pancreatic head mass for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). At the time of hospitalization there were no symptoms or signs suggesting thrombo-embolism or organ ischemia. During EUS examination, asymptomatic descending thoracic aorta thrombosis was discovered accidentally.
Interpretation of the Chinese expert consensus: Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia complicated with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Guo Li-xin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disease with close links to a number of cardiovascular diseases. The present study interpreted the Chinese expert consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic HUA complicated with cardiovascular diseases and illustrated the risk factors for HUA, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology of the causal relationship between HUA and cardiovascular diseases, clinical studies and recommendations on medical treatment of asymptomatic HUA.
Role of Fine-Needle Aspiration in the Surgical Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Utility and Limitations in Light of the New World Health Organization Classification
Authors: Moyana Terence N. , Kendal Wayne S. , Chatterjee Avijit , Jonker Derek J. , Maroun Jean A. , Grimard Laval , Shabana Wael , Mimeault Richard , Hakim Shaheed W. 
Published: June 2014

Context.—Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Panc-NETs) are rare and tend to get overshadowed by their more prevalent and aggressive ductal adenocarcinoma counterparts. The biological behavior of PancNETs is unpredictable, and thus management is controversial. However, the new World Health Organization classification has significantly contributed to the prognostic stratification of these patients. Concurrently, there have been advances in surgical techniques for benign or low-grade pancreatic tumors. These procedures include minimally invasive and parenchyma-sparing operations such as laparoscopy and enucleation.Objective.—To report on the utility and limitations of fine-needle aspiration in the preoperative evaluation and management of PancNETs.Design.—This was a retrospective review of our institutional tumor database from 2002 to 2012. There were 25 cases of PancNETs that were localized and staged by medical imaging and diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration.Results.—Fourteen patients underwent laparotomy, with some requiring only limited surgery; 4 had laparoscopic resections; 4 were serially observed without surgical intervention; and another 3 were inoperable. After a mean follow-up of 37 months, more than half of the patients had no evidence of disease, including most of those who underwent minimally invasive surgery.Conclusions.—Fine-needle aspiration is a useful diagnostic adjunct to medical imaging in the preoperative evaluation and management of PancNETs. However, there are limitations with regard to grading PancNETs using this technique.
Adequacy Assessment of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided, Fine-Needle Aspirations of Pancreatic Masses for Theranostic Studies: Optimization of Current Practices Is Warranted
Authors: Navina Sarah , McGrath Kevin , Chennat Jennifer , Singh Vijay , Pal Timothy , Zeh Herb , Krasinskas Alyssa M 
Published: June 2014

Context.—Novel chemotherapy regimens now provide the opportunity for “personalized” care in pancreatic cancer. Little is known about our ability to procure adequate cells for theranostic studies using standard ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirations and cytologic techniques.
Objective.—To assess cellularity of cytology material in patients with solid pancreatic lesions.
Design.—One hundred sixty-nine endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirations with positive diagnoses of solid epithelial pancreatic neoplasms were evaluated for smear and cell block cellularity. Cellularity was scored on a scale of 1 to 4; scores of 3 or 4 (&gt;100 cells) were deemed adequate for ancillary studies. Clinicopathologic variables were recorded. A 3-month prospective analysis was also performed using a new collection algorithm.
Results.—Only 12.4% (21 of 169) of the positive cases had a cell block cellularity score that was adequate for theranostic studies. This score was not associated with on-site evaluation, needle gauge, or number of passes. Adenocarcinoma was the most common diagnosis (88%) but yielded fewer adequate cell blocks, P = .006. Cellularity showed correlation with endoscopists, P = .04. Tumor size and fibrosis score of resected tumors tended to correlate with cellularity, but only larger size in endocrine tumors was significantly associated with adequacy (P = .02). Standardized collection did not improve overall cell block cellularity.
Conclusions.—Changes in practice, such as obtaining dedicated passes for ancillary studies, may not be enough to improve the theranostic utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in pancreatic neoplasia. Other methods to improve tumor cell yield, including modified cytologic techniques and new needle designs, need to be further investigated.
Anne d’Alençon y Margherita Paleologo: Mujeres gobernantes entre la esfera pública y la privada. / Anne d’Alençon and MargheritaPaleologo: governing women between the public and the private spheres.
Authors: Martínez Sirvent Alejandra , Andolfato Anna Maria 
Published: June 2014

Resumen: Las damas de las cortes del Renacimiento además de cumplir sus obligaciones como hijas, esposas y madres, participaban activamente en la vida política y cultural de sus tierras y algunas, en ausencia del marido, tuvieron que hacerse cargo de la regencia de las mismas. Su participación activa en los asuntos de gobierno a la par que sus emociones quedan plasmadas en la correspondencia que mantuvieron con diversas autoridades. Las cartas de Anned’Alençon y de su hija, Margherita Paleologo, con Antonio Perrenot de Granvela, secretario de Estado del emperador Carlos V, nos permiten estudiar cómo se mezclan el aspecto privado y el aspecto público en su correspondencia y cómo la escritura es el medio para intervenir cuando es necesario. Palabras clave: Mujeres del Renacimiento, gobierno, correspondencia, público, privado.Abstract: The ladies of the Renaissance Courts, besides carrying out with their responsibilities like daughters, wives and mothers, also took an active part in the political life of their territories. Some of them, in absence of their husbands, had to take responsibility of the Regency. Their active involvement in the government issues, as well as their feelings, is seen on the correspondence which they kept with the diverse authorities. The letters of Anne d’Alençon and her daughter Margherita Paleologo with Antoine Perrenot de Granvela, State secretary of the Emperor Charles V, allowed us to study how the private and public spheres melted together in their correspondence as well as the act of writing is the vehicle to take part with when it is necessary. Keywords: Renaissance ladies, government, correspondence, public, private.
Les vicissituds de la traducció al castellà d’elements heroics i medievals del Canigó, de Jacint Verdaguer. El cas de «La Maladeta»
Authors: Vilardell Domènech Laura 
Published: June 2014

Resum: En aquest article s’estudien les dificultats de traduir «La Maladeta», un passatge de Canigó, de Jacint Verdaguer. Creiem que aquest fragment és prou representatiu de la temàtica del poema èpic verdaguerià, ja que ha estat un dels més traduïts a totes les llengües i, a més, conté elements heroics i medievals del poema. És per això que hem cregut oportú de fer l’anlàlisi de la traducció dels fragments, per poder treure’n unes conclusions que ens serveixin per avaluar la qualitat de cada versió.Paraules clau: Verdaguer, Canigó, medieval, traducció. Abstract: In this article we study the translation’s difficulties of «La Maladeta», an extract of Canigó by Jacint Verdaguer. We think that this piece is enough representative of the Verdaguer’s epic poem theme, because it has been one of the most translated sections of the poem, and, in addition, it contents heroic and medieval elements. So, we have considered appropriate to make the analysis of each translation of this passage, in order to draw some conclusions which help us to assess the quality of each version. Keywords: Verdaguer, Canigó, medieval, translation.
A worn Björk–Shiley prosthetic valve without valve dysfunction observed during ascending aortic replacement
Authors: Komi Misao , Sugaya Akira , Akutsu Hirohiko , Sato Hirotaka , Kaminishi Yuichiro , Misawa Yoshio 
Published: June 2014

Key Clinical MessageThe implanted first‐generation Björk–Shiley valve in our patient was functioning well before aortic surgery, but we replaced the valve because we confirmed disc erosion 39 years after implantation during the surgery. We judged that the implanted valve was no longer capable of maintaining the patient's life.
Single and double ionization of the camphor molecule excited around the C 1s edge
Authors: de Castilho R. B. , Ramalho T. C. , Nunez C. V. , Coutinho L. H. , Santos A. C. F. , Pilling S. , Lago A. F. , Silva‐Moraes M. O. , de Souza G. G. B. 
Published: June 2014

RATIONALEAn interesting class of volatile compounds, the monoterpenes, is present in some plants although their functions are not yet fully understood. We have studied the interaction of the camphor molecule with monochromatic high‐energy photons (synchrotron radiation) using time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and coincidence techniques.METHODSA commercial sample of S‐camphor was admitted into the vacuum chamber, without purification, through an inlet system. Monochromatic light with energy around the C 1s edge was generated by the TGM beamline at the Brazilian Synchrotron Facility. A Wiley‐McLaren mass spectrometer was used to characterize and detect the ions formed by the camphor photoionization. The data analysis was supported by energy calculations.RESULTSAlthough the fragmentation patterns were basically the same at 270 eV and 330 eV, it was observed that above the C 1s edge the contribution to the spectrum from lower mass/charge fragment ions increased, pointing to a higher degree of dissociation of the molecule. Projections of the PEPIPICO spectra demonstrated the existence of unstable doubly charged species. The Gibbs free energy was calculated using the Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) for the neutral, singly and doubly excited camphor molecule.CONCLUSIONSOur PEPIPICO spectrum clearly demonstrated the formation of doubly ionic dissociative species. From a slope analysis, we propose a secondary decay after a deferred charge separation mechanism in which, after a few steps, the camphor dication dissociates into C2H3+ and C3H5+. This is the main relaxation route observed at 270 eV and 330 eV. The large energy difference between the mono and the dication (of the order of 258.2 kcal/mol) may explain the experimentally observed absence of stable dications in the spectra, because their formation is disadvantaged energetically. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dose‐Finding Study of Bixalomer in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis With Hyperphosphatemia: A Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled and Sevelamer Hydrochloride‐Controlled Open‐Label, Parallel Group Study
Authors: Akizawa Tadao , Origasa Hideki , Kameoka Chisato , Kaneko Yuichiro , Kanoh Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHyperphosphatemia is a prognostic factor for morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Bixalomer (Kiklin® Capsules) is a non‐absorbable polymer that decreases serum phosphate levels by binding phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract. This study was a multicenter, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study to confirm the superiority of bixalomer to placebo for a 4‐week treatment period in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis with hyperphosphatemia. Sevelamer hydrochloride (HCl), a similar non‐absorbable polymer, was used as an active comparator for open‐label as a reference without statistical comparison for efficacy and safety. The primary endpoint was the change in serum phosphorus level from baseline. The safety profile was also investigated. The number of subjects was 32 in the placebo group and 31 in each bixalomer group (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 g/day), respectively. The baseline serum phosphorus level was 7.95 to 8.25 mg/dL. Bixalomer showed a significant decrease in serum phosphorus level at all doses compared with placebo, and the adjusted mean change in serum phosphorus level from the baseline to the end of treatment (at Week 4 or at the time of discontinuation) was +0.24 mg/dL in the placebo group, −0.75 mg/dL in the 1.5 g/day group, −1.32 mg/dL in the 3.0 g/day group, and −1.80 mg/dL in the 4.5 g/day group, showing a dose‐dependent decrease in serum phosphorus level. The mean change in serum phosphorus level was −2.32 mg/dL in the sevelamer HCl group under the mean dose of 4.8 g/day. Major adverse events included constipation, hard feces, vomiting, etc.; however, none of the adverse events were serious or severe. Consequently, the superiority of bixalomer to placebo and its dose‐dependency for treating hyperphosphatemia were confirmed (Clinical trial registration: NCT00505037).