bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational study of copper–gallium disulphide‐based solar cell devices by using CdS and ZnSe buffer layers
Authors: Singh Pravesh , Gautam Ruchita , Sharma Sheetal , Kumari Sarita , Verma Ajay Singh 
Published: July 2014

The authors have performed ab‐initio calculations for the structural, electronic, optical, elastic and thermal properties of the copper–gallium disulphide (CuGaS2). The accurate full potential linearised augmented plane wave method was used to find the equilibrium structural parameters and to compute the full elastic tensors. They have reported electronic and optical properties with the recently developed density functional theory of Tran and Blaha. Furthermore, optical features such as dielectric functions, refractive indices, extinction coefficient, optical reflectivity, absorption coefficients and optical conductivities were calculated for photon energies up to 30 eV. The thermodynamical properties such as thermal expansion, heat capacity, Debye temperature, entropy and Grüneisen parameter, bulk modulus and hardness were calculated employing the quasi‐harmonic Debye model at different temperatures (0–1200 K) and pressures (0–8 GPa) and the results are interpreted. Further, CuGaS2 solar cell devices have been modelled; device physics and performance parameters were analysed for CdS and ZnSe buffer layers. Simulation results for CuGaS2 thin layer solar cell show the maximum efficiency (20.5%) with ZnSe as the buffer layer. Most of the investigated parameters are reported for the first time.
Flexible dual‐diversity wearable wireless node integrated on a dual‐polarised textile patch antenna
Authors: Vanveerdeghem Peter , Van Torre Patrick , Stevens Christiaan , Knockaert Jos , Rogier Hendrik 
Published: July 2014

A new textile wearable wireless node, for operation in the 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band, is proposed. It consists of a dual‐polarised textile patch antenna with integrated microcontroller, sensor, memory and transceiver with receive diversity. Integrated into a garment, the flexible unit may serve for fall detection, as well as for patient or rescue‐worker monitoring. Fragile and lossy interconnections are eliminated. They are replaced by very short radiofrequency signal paths in the antenna feed plane, reducing electromagnetic compatibility and signal integrity problems. The compact and flexible module combines sensing and wireless channel monitoring functionality with reliable and energy‐efficient off‐body wireless communication capability, by fully exploiting dual polarisation diversity. By integrating a battery, a fully autonomous and flexible system is obtained. This novel textile wireless node was validated, both in flat and bent state, in the anechoic chamber, assessing the characteristics of the integrated system in free‐space conditions. Moreover, its performance was verified in various real‐world conditions, integrated into a firefighter garment, and used as an autonomous body‐centric measurement device.
Detection of multi‐occupancy using device‐free passive localisation
Authors: Deak Gabriel , Curran Kevin , Condell Joan , Deak Daniel 
Published: July 2014

Indoor device‐free passive localisation (DfPL) technology uses a received signal strength indication (RSSI)‐based method to record variances of a measured signal where a person being tracked is not carrying any electronic device that can be used to estimate the location. The system monitors the changes in the RSSI measurements caused by the presence of a human body in an indoor environment. For example, it is known that the resonance frequency of water is 2.4 GHz and the human body contains >70% water. Thus, the human body attenuates the wireless signal reacting as an absorber. Wireless communication signal strengths between a number of nodes, using IEEE 802.11 or 802.15.4 standards, show that communication links covering distinct areas cannot be affected simultaneously by only one person. Thus, the authors have deployed a novel system that can identify multi‐occupants in an environment using patterns of motion from those monitored areas. A pattern recognition neural network was used to identify two people in the environment. No other work based on the DfPL technique has focused on multi‐occupancy.
Development of an Antibiotic Spectrum Score Based on Veterans Affairs Culture and Susceptibility Data for the Purpose of Measuring Antibiotic De-Escalation: A Modified Delphi Approach
Authors: Madaras-Kelly Karl , Jones Makoto , Remington Richard , Hill Nicole , Huttner Benedikt , Samore Matthew 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveDevelopment of a numerical score to measure the microbial spectrum of antibiotic regimens (spectrum score) and method to identify antibiotic de-escalation events based on application of the score.DesignWeb-based modified Delphi method.Participants.Physician and pharmacist antimicrobial stewards practicing in the United States recruited through infectious diseases–focused listservs.MethodsThree Delphi rounds investigated: organisms and antibiotics to include in the spectrum score, operationalization of rules for the score, and de-escalation measurement. A 4-point ordinal scale was used to score antibiotic susceptibility for organism-antibiotic domain pairs. Antibiotic regimen scores, which represented combined activity of antibiotics in a regimen across all organism domains, were used to compare antibiotic spectrum administered early (day 2) and later (day 4) in therapy. Changes in spectrum score were calculated and compared with Delphi participants’ judgments on de-escalation with 20 antibiotic regimen vignettes and with non-Delphi steward judgments on de-escalation of 300 pneumonia regimen vignettes. Method sensitivity and specificity to predict expert de-escalation status were calculated.ResultsTwenty-four participants completed all Delphi rounds. Expert support for concepts utilized in metric development was identified. For vignettes presented in the Delphi, the sign of change in score correctly classified de-escalation in all vignettes except those involving substitution of oral antibiotics. The sensitivity and specificity of the method to identify de-escalation events as judged by non-Delphi stewards were 86.3% and 96.0%, respectively.ConclusionsIdentification of de-escalation events based on an algorithm that measures microbial spectrum of antibiotic regimens generally agreed with steward judgments of de-escalation status.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(9):1103-1113
The Association of State Legal Mandates for Data Submission of Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Units with Process and Outcome Measures
Authors: Zachariah Philip , Reagan Julie , Furuya E. Yoko , Dick Andrew , Liu Hangsheng , Herzig Carolyn T. A. , Pogorzelska-Maziarz Monika , Stone Patricia W. , Saiman Lisa 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the association between state legal mandates for data submission of central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) with process and outcome measures.DesignCross-sectional study.Participants. National sample of level II/III and III NICUs participating in National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) surveillance.MethodsState mandates for data submission of CLABSIs in NICUs in place by 2011 were compiled and verified with state healthcare-associated infection coordinators. A web-based survey of infection control departments in October 2011 assessed CLABSI prevention practices, ie, compliance with checklist/bundle components (process measures) in ICUs including NICUs. Corresponding 2011 NHSN NICU CLABSI rates (outcome measures) were used to calculate standardized infection ratios (SIRs). Association between mandates and process and outcome measures was assessed by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAmong 190 study NICUs, 107 (56.3%) were located in states with mandates, with mandates in place >3 years in 52 (49%). More NICUs in states with mandates reported ≥95% compliance to at least 1 CLABSI prevention practice (52.3%–66.4%) than NICUs in states without mandates (28.9%–48.2%). Mandates were predictors of ≥95% compliance with all practices (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–6.1). NICUs in states with mandates reported lower mean CLABSI rates in the ≤750-g birth weight group (2.4 vs 5.7 CLABSIs/1,000 central line–days) but not in others. Mandates were not associated with SIR <1.ConclusionsState mandates for NICU CLABSI data submission were significantly associated with ≥95% compliance with CLABSI prevention practices, which declined with the duration of mandate but not with lower CLABSI rates.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(9):1133-1139
Futures Prices in Supply Analysis: Are Instrumental Variables Necessary?
Authors: Hendricks Nathan P. , Janzen Joseph P. , Smith Aaron 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCrop yield shocks are partially predictable—high planting‐time futures prices have tended to indicate that yield would be below trend. As a result, regressions of total caloric production on futures prices produce estimates of the supply elasticity that are biased downwards by up to 75%. Regressions of the world's growing area on futures prices have a much smaller bias of about 20% because although yield shocks are partially predictable, this predictability has a relatively small effect on land allocation. We argue that the preferred method for estimating the crop supply elasticity is to use regressions of growing area on futures prices and to include the realized yield shock as a control variable. An alternative method for bias reduction is to use instrumental variables (IVs). We show that the marginal contribution of an IV to bias reduction is small—IVs are not necessary for futures prices in supply analysis.
Más-o-menos: a simple sign averaging method for discrimination in genomic data analysis
Authors: Zhao Sihai Dave , Parmigiani Giovanni , Huttenhower Curtis , Waldron Levi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMotivation : The successful translation of genomic signatures into clinical settings relies on good discrimination between patient subgroups. Many sophisticated algorithms have been proposed in the statistics and machine learning literature, but in practice simpler algorithms are often used. However, few simple algorithms have been formally described or systematically investigated.Results : We give a precise definition of a popular simple method we refer to as más-o-menos, which calculates prognostic scores for discrimination by summing standardized predictors, weighted by the signs of their marginal associations with the outcome. We study its behavior theoretically, in simulations and in an extensive analysis of 27 independent gene expression studies of bladder, breast and ovarian cancer, altogether totaling 3833 patients with survival outcomes. We find that despite its simplicity, más-o-menos can achieve good discrimination performance. It performs no worse, and sometimes better, than popular and much more CPU-intensive methods for discrimination, including lasso and ridge regression.Availability and Implementation : Más-o-menos is implemented for survival analysis as an option in the survHD package, available from http://www.bitbucket.org/lwaldron/survhd and submitted to Bioconductor.Contact : sdzhao@illinois.edu
Predicting protein phosphorylation from gene expression: top methods from the IMPROVER Species Translation Challenge
Authors: Dayarian Adel , Romero Roberto , Wang Zhiming , Biehl Michael , Bilal Erhan , Hormoz Sahand , Meyer Pablo , Norel Raquel , Rhrissorrakrai Kahn , Bhanot Gyan , Luo Feng , Tarca Adi L. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Using gene expression to infer changes in protein phosphorylation levels induced in cells by various stimuli is an outstanding problem. The intra-species protein phosphorylation challenge organized by the IMPROVER consortium provided the framework to identify the best approaches to address this issue.
Results: Rat lung epithelial cells were treated with 52 stimuli, and gene expression and phosphorylation levels were measured. Competing teams used gene expression data from 26 stimuli to develop protein phosphorylation prediction models and were ranked based on prediction performance for the remaining 26 stimuli. Three teams were tied in first place in this challenge achieving a balanced accuracy of about 70%, indicating that gene expression is only moderately predictive of protein phosphorylation. In spite of the similar performance, the approaches used by these three teams, described in detail in this article, were different, with the average number of predictor genes per phosphoprotein used by the teams ranging from 3 to 124. However, a significant overlap of gene signatures between teams was observed for the majority of the proteins considered, while Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were enriched in the union of the predictor genes of the three teams for multiple proteins.
Availability and implementation: Gene expression and protein phosphorylation data are available from ArrayExpress (E-MTAB-2091). Software implementation of the approach of Teams 49 and 75 are available at http://bioinformaticsprb.med.wayne.edu and http://people.cs.clemson.edu/∼luofeng/sbv.rar, respectively.
Contact: gyanbhanot@gmail.com or luofeng@clemson.edu or atarca@med.wayne.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
STAMP: statistical analysis of taxonomic and functional profiles
Authors: Parks Donovan H. , Tyson Gene W. , Hugenholtz Philip , Beiko Robert G. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Summary: STAMP is a graphical software package that provides statistical hypothesis tests and exploratory plots for analysing taxonomic and functional profiles. It supports tests for comparing pairs of samples or samples organized into two or more treatment groups. Effect sizes and confidence intervals are provided to allow critical assessment of the biological relevancy of test results. A user-friendly graphical interface permits easy exploration of statistical results and generation of publication-quality plots.
Availability and implementation: STAMP is licensed under the GNU GPL. Python source code and binaries are available from our website at: http://kiwi.cs.dal.ca/Software/STAMP
Contact: donovan.parks@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
EU Competition Law
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. EU Competition Law: Text, Cases, and Materials provides a complete guide to European competition law in a single authoritative volume, pairing extract material with clear and in-depth author commentary. Carefully selected extracts from key cases, academic articles, and statutory materials are accompanied by in-depth commentary and critique from two experienced academics in the field. Thorough footnoting and referencing give a tour of the available literature, making this an ideal text for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as competition law scholars engaged in specialized study. This fifth edition has been fully updated with: detailed coverage and commentary on judgments, decisions, regulations and other measures published by competition law authorities including the Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights, the European Commission, and various national courts; coverage of key Article 101 cases including Expedia , T-Mobile , Pierre Fabre , Allianz Hungária Biztosító Zrt , and Generali-Providencia Biztosító Zrt v. Gazdasági Versenyhivatal ; Article 102 cases, including TeliaSonera , Deutsche Telekom , Telefónica , Tomra , Post Danmark , and AstraZeneca ; and thorough discussion of ongoing developments in competition law, including the Commission's aggressive enforcement policy against cartels, the review of merger processes and regulations, the compatibility of EU competition procedures with human rights provisions, and the increased number of Article 267 references from national courts.
Article 101 TFEU: The Elements
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses the text of Article 101; the scheme of Article 101; the interpretation and application of Article 101(1); Article 101(2); and exclusions.
Introduction to Article 102 TFEU
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. Article 102 TFEU deals with the unilateral conduct of undertakings with substantial market power and prohibits one or more undertakings which hold a dominant position in the internal market or a substantial part of it abusing that position insofar as it may affect inter-Member State trade. This chapter discusses the text of Article 102; the scheme of Article 102; the interpretation and application of Article 102; and the relationship between Article 102 and Article 101.
Article 102 TFEU: Conduct which can be an Abuse
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses the following: the meaning of ‘abuse’ in Article 102; types of conduct that may constitute an abuse; dominance and abuse in different markets; general issues in respect of abuses concerning prices; predatory pricing; margin squeeze; exclusive purchasing (single branding) contracts, and discount and rebate schemes; tying and bundling; refusal to supply; other exclusionary practices; discrimination contrary to Article 102(c); exploitative abuses; refusal to supply, export bans and other conduct hindering inter-member state trade; and abuse and collective dominance.
Competition, the State, and Public Undertakings: Article 106 TFEU
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter examines how competition law applies to the actions of the State when it intervenes in the market through undertakings that it controls or owns or which it places in a privileged position. The discussions include the limits of competition law; Article 4 TEU; Article 106; the direct effect of Article 106(1) and (2); Article 106(3); and services of general economic interest and state aid.
Public Enforcement by the Commission and the National Competition Authorities of the Antitrust Provisions
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses the following: the change in the enforcement regime for EU antitrust rules on 1 May 2004; the system under Regulation 17 that applied before then; the reasons for, and salient features of, the ‘modernisation’ in Regulation 1/2003; the powers of the Commission; the role of EU Courts; enforcement by national competition authorities and the relationship between EU and national law; the possibility of sanctions against individuals; and the position of those who make complaints about alleged infringements of the competition rules.
Private Enforcement
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter focuses on the private civil enforcement of EU antitrust rules through claims made by private litigants in the national courts and tribunals of the individual Member States. The discussions cover the principle of direct effect and national procedural autonomy; why there has been relatively little antitrust litigation in the EU; the relationship between public and private enforcement; the Commission's policy towards private enforcement, the initiatives it has taken to encourage private litigation, and mechanisms for cooperation between the Commission and national courts; and the obligations of national courts when dealing with cases that raise the issue of whether a contract in violation of Article 101 or Article 102 is enforceable and whether, and if so when, damages and injunctions should be available to remedy such violations.
Probability of stochastic depletion: an easily interpreted diagnostic
for stock assessment modelling and fisheries management
Authors: Thorson James T. , Jensen Olaf P. , Hilborn Ray 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Marine fish populations have high variation in cohort strength, and the production of juveniles (recruitment) may have persistent positive or negative residuals (autocorrelation) after accounting for spawning biomass. Autocorrelated recruitment will occur whenever average recruitment levels change between oceanographic regimes or due to predator release, but may also indicate persistent environmental and biological effects on shorter time-scales. Here, we use estimates of recruitment variability and autocorrelation to simulate the stationary distribution of spawning biomass for 100 real-world stocks when unfished, fished at FMSY, or fished following a harvest control rule where fishing mortality decreases as a function of spawning biomass. Results show that unfished stocks have spawning biomass (SB) below its deterministic equilibrium value (SB0) 58% of the time, and below 0.5SB0 5% of the time on average across all stocks. Similarly, stocks fished at the level producing deterministic maximum sustainable yield (FMSY) are below its deterministic prediction of spawning biomass (SBMSY) 60% of the time and below 0.5SBMSY 8% of the time. These probabilities are greater for stocks with high recruitment variability, positive autocorrelation, and high natural mortality—traits that are particularly associated with clupeids and scombrids. An elevated probability of stochastic depletion, i.e. biomass below the deterministic equilibrium expectation, implies that management actions required when biomass drops below a threshold may be triggered more frequently than expected. Therefore, we conclude by suggesting that fisheries scientists routinely calculate these probabilities during stock assessments as a decision support tool for fisheries managers.
Pyrexia of unknown origin: the use of PET and PET-CT
Authors: Storrar Neill , Bleeker-Rovers Chantal 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPyrexia of unknown origin, PUO, is a medical syndrome that is frequently managed by infectious disease teams. The differential diagnoses are vast, and must encompass both infective and non-infective conditions such as malignancy and inflammatory conditions. This chapter will describe a case study along with a discussion of the role of positron emission tomography in elucidating the cause of PUO.