bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2579 – Human Trafficking and Mental Health
Authors: Howard L.M. , Oram S. , Mckenzie C. , Abas M. , Broadbent M. , Zimmerman C. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:A recent systematic review found a high prevalence of violence and mental distress among women trafficked for sexual exploitation; no data were identified for trafficked men and children.Objectives:To describe the clinical characteristics of trafficked people in contact with a large inner city mental health service compared with a non-trafficked cohort.Aims:To investigate whether, compared with a non-trafficked cohort, trafficked people would be significantly more likely to have co-morbid disorders and have significantly smaller improvements in functioning at the end of an episode of care.Methods:Study population: mental health service users who had been trafficked for exploitation and a non-trafficked service user cohort matched for gender and age. Data source: The South London and Maudsley NHS Trust (SLaM) Biomedical Research Centre Case Register Interactive Search (CRIS) database of anonymised full patient records (2006–2012).Results:We identified case records of 135 people who had been trafficked. 104 (77%) were female; age at first SLaM contact ranged from 8 to 49 years (mean 23.6, SD 8.0). 38 (28%) of the trafficked service users received psychiatric care from an emergency department. Depression (28.1%, n = 38), PTSD (19.3%, n = 26), non-affective psychoses (12.6%, n = 17) were the most frequently recorded diagnoses among trafficked service users. Further analysis is in progress and scheduled for completion by March 2013.Conclusions:Significant numbers of trafficked people were seen in an inner-city mental health service; services therefore need to understand their complex needs.
2595 – Major Unipolar Depression Across Bipolar and Schizophrenic Probands’ Multiplex Families
Authors: Valente J. , Nogueira V. , Roque C. , Soares M.J. , Pereira A.T. , Bos S. , Marques M. , Madeira N. , Azevedo M.H. , Macedo A. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives:(1)to identify the proportion of families that have at least one first degree relative (FDR) with major unipolar depression (MUD), across bipolar (BP) and schizophrenic (SC) multiplex families;(2)to assess if there are significant demographic/clinic differences between these two groups.Methods:The sample included 120 families with at least one first or second degree proband relatives diagnosed with BP or SC disorders. We selected BP and SC probands’ families that had at least one FDR with MUD, according to DSM-III-R. All families have been evaluated with Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies and selected according to the diagnostic definitions of DSM-III-R, based on the Operational Criteria Checklist. T-tests and chi-square tests used to analyze demographic and clinical differences between the two groups.Results:Out of the 60 BP families, 38.3% had at least one FDR with MUD; depressed relatives were predominantly female (68.7%) - sisters (35.5%), mothers (29%), daughters (3.2%). The average age of onset and length of illness was 35 and 15 years, respectively. Out of 60 SC families, 31.6% had at least one FDR with MUD; the majority of depressed relatives were females (81.8%) - sisters (42.9%), mothers (38%) daughters (4.8%). The average age of onset and length of illness was 30 and 19 years, respectively. There was no significant statistical differences between BP and SC families.Conclusions:These results may support the thesis of a common genetic vulnerability to MUD, and the continuum viewpoint of affective and psychotic disorders.
2605 – Comparative Study on the Degree of Parental Stress Between Mentally Retarded and Normal Children
Authors: Ahmadi Gatab T. , Maleki F. 
Published: July 2013

Aim:This study aims to compare the extent of mental stress between mentally retarded and normal children’s parents.Method:The study had a post-event survey design (causal- comparative one). The sample size including 120parents with mentally retarded children and 120 parents with normal kids was selected through clustering multi-stage sampling method. Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (QRS) developed by Friedrich et al was used to examine the degree of parental stress. Accordingly, by applying statistical t-tests for independent samp and Pearson correlation coefficient, the research data were analyzed.Findings:Results from this study showed that a significant difference was found at stress level between parents with mentally retarded children and those with healthy kids. in fact, the degree of mental stress amongst parents with mentally retarded children was turned out to be much more than that of in parents with normal children (P< 0.01).No significant difference was observed between mothers and fathers having children with mental retardation in terms of mental stress. That is, both fathers and mothers with mentally retarded kids suffered from the same degree of mental stress. Despite the fact that parents’ stress had nothing to do with child’s gender, it significantly increased with mentally retarded child’s age(P=0.01). On the other hand, the more the age of the mentally disabled child was, the more the stress of parents would be. Also, the relationship of parents’ literacy level with degree of stress was significantly different (P< 0.01).
2607 – Oral and Dental Health in of Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients: A Cross Sectional and Comparative Study in Kerman City, Iran
Authors: Ghaffarinejad A. , Chamani G. , Zarei M.R. , Mehdizadeh Zare Anari A. , Aghaabasi S. 
Published: July 2013

Background:There is little information on the dental health status and treatment needs of sub-population groups especially psychiatric in-patients in developing countries such as Iran. This study aimed to assess the oral and dental health status in hospitalized psychiatric patients.Methods and materials:The study was conducted in two psychiatric hospitals (Shahid Beheshti and Bahman) in the city of Kerman, Iran. The study population comprise of 193 psychiatric patients. According to the duration of the hospital stay, patients were categorized into two groups of acute and chronic. The oral and dental health of the patients were assessed using Decay, Missing, Filling Teeth (DMFT) index and Oral Assessment Guide for Psychiatric Care (OAG-PC). High score for these two scales indicated a worse oral and dental health.Results:The mean DMFT and OAG-PC scores of patients were 19.74±7.88 and 20.77, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that patients in chronic group had higher OAG-PC (P=0.014), but the difference of DMFT scores was not statistically significant between two groups (0.57). After controlling the effects of confounding variables the differences of the DMFT and OAG-PC scores were not statistically significant between two groups (p values = 0.88 and 0.64, respectively).Conclusion:The results of the present study showed that the oral and dental health in psychiatric patients were poor. Our findings indicate that it is vital to improve the oral and dental health status of psychiatric patients and thereby the quality of life of these patients.
2617 – Association Between type D Personality and the Somatic Symptom Complaints in Depressive Patients
Authors: Park W. , Jeong S. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:The defining features of Type D personality, that is, tendencies to experience negative emotions and inability to express emotions, are the known risk factors of somatization tendencies.Objectives:Many depressive patients express their mental distress through somatic symptoms. Therefore, it may be worthwhile to investigate the relationship between Type D personality and complaints of somatic symptoms in depressive patients.Aims:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between type D personality and somatic symptom complaints in depressive patients.Methods:Eighty-two individuals diagnosed with depressive disorder were included. Type D personality was measured with 14- item Type D personality Scale (DS14). Patient Health Questionnaire 9 and 15 were used to measure depression severity and somatization tendencies.Results:Two-thirds of the subjects were classified as Type D personality (63.4%). The mean PHQ-15 score of the Type D individuals was significantly higher than the remaining subjects (12.7 vs. 7.2, p=8.2E-6). The best regression model included age, PHQ-9 score and NA subscale score as predictor variables. Among these, only the coefficients of age (p=0.0015)and NA score (p=1.5E-7) was found to be statistically significant.Conclusion:The result showed that Type D personality was one of the strong predictors of somatic complaints among depressive individuals. The finding that alexithymia was not shown to be a significant predictors also substantiated this discrepancy. However, it might be possible that the high correlation between NA and SI subscore (r=0.65) and between NA and TAS-20 score(r=0.44) hid the additional effects of social inhibition and alexithymia.
2625 – Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Quality of Life Among Elderly Peopleresiding in Kahrizak Senior House
Authors: Farahaninia M. , Jadidi A. , Janmohammadi S. , Haghani H. 
Published: July 2013

Background and aim:Regarding the increasing number of elderly people, their quality of life.Becomes more important. Spiritual health is one of the important aspects of health status that is often neglected. This study aims to identify the relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life among elderly people residing in Kahrizak Senior House.Material and methods:It was a descriptive, correlational study. The sample included 141 elderly people residing in Kahrizak Senior House who recruited by convenience sampling. Data was collected by Spiritual Well-Being Index (SWBI) and Short Form Quality of Life (SF36) and analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA, and t-test using SPSS-PC (v-16).Results:The mean score of quality of life was (50.36±11.3). Women’s quality of life was Significantly lower than men (P=0.000). The mean score of spiritual well-being was (96.26±17.93). There was a positive correlation between spiritual well-being and quality of life (P=0.008).Conclusion:Regarding the lower levels of quality of life especially in women elderly, more.Attention should be paid to this group of society. Awareness of the importance of spiritual well-being in caring of these people is recommended.
2628 – Prevalence and Characteristics of Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Substance Use Inpatients
Authors: Abdelkarim A. , Salama H. , Abdel Latif S. , Abou El Magd O. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Comorbidity is common among adults with ADHD, including substance abuse. To our knowledge relation between ADHD and SUD has not been studied in Arab countries.Objective:Assessment of scope of comorbidity between ADHD and SUD in Egyptian patients.Aim:Estimating prevalence rate of adult ADHD among substance use inpatients and to compare substance use inpatients with and without adult ADHD regarding onset, and severity of SUD.Methods:This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in addiction treatment center at El Maamoura psychiatric hospital. One Hundred and two adult males were assessed using Arabic version of Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) for retrospective assessment of symptoms of childhood ADHD. Arabic version of Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) Symptom Checklist was used to screen for adult ADHD. DSM IV TR criteria were used for final diagnosis.Results:36 patients were diagnosed as having adult ADHD (35.3%) according to DSM-IV TR criteria. Presence of adult ADHD was associated with an earlier mean age of onset of SUD (15.58 vs. 13.22 years) and larger number of hospital admissions, (6.83 vs. 3.39 times). ADHD subjects achieved a shorter mean period of abstinence (124.53 vs. 209.82 days). Data were fed to the computer using the Predictive Analytics Software (PASW Statistics 18). Significance of the obtained results was judged at the 5% level.Conclusions:The results of this study confirm the high rates of adult ADHD among substance use patients mentioned in other studies. Presence of adult ADHD was associated with a more complicated course of SUD.
2629 – Impaired Emotional Processing is Reflected in Long Latency Event Related Potentials During Visual Emotional Stimulation in Post-Traumatic Patients
Authors: Shalev H. , Saar R. , Guez J. , Friedman A. , Shiber A. , Cohen J. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:PTSD patients display abnormal emotional processing and bias towards negative emotion. Long latency eventrelated potentials (ERP’s) are composed of the P300 and subsequent slow wave activity. These ERP’s are hypothesized to be relevant for attentional and initial memory storage events as well as emotional processing. objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that abnormal emotional processing in PTSD is reflected in altered brain activity, as measured via ERP’s.Aims:Detect differences in cortical activity and emotional processing in PTSD patients as compared to controls.Methods:ERP’s were recorded from 14 PTSD and 14 control subjects while viewing emotion-laden pictures. Subjects were instructed to press a button depending on the presence of a person or human part in the picture and response time was recorded.Results:Long latency ERP data (300-1035 msec) showed valence dependent activity in control subjects distinguishing negative vs. positive and neutral pictures. PTSD patients, however, lacked differential activation and had similar brain activity across all picture valances, which resembled the pattern observed in controls only for negative stimuli.[Late ERP’s 980-1035msec]PTSD patients also exhibited longer response time.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate abnormal cognitive-emotional processing in PTSD patients and may underlie overgeneralization processes that are part of this disorder.
2638 – Successful Treatment of Narcolepsy with Methylphenidate (Concerta)
Authors: Kola V.P. 
Published: July 2013

Background:Narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by diurnal somnolence and episodes of short duration sleep. It can occur in 0.02–0.16% of adults, generally before the age of 30.Objective:The aim of this work is to present tolerability and treatment response of Concerta in one adult suffering from narcolepsy.Methods:We report the case of a 28 years adult female with narcolepsy. One year ago, after a strong social stress, she manifested some symptoms of narcolepsy: excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and visual hypnogogic hallucinations. There was no family history of sleep disorders and not experienced premorbid seizure or sleep disorder. Diagnosis of narcolepsy is based on DSM-IV criteria, polysomnography and Multiple Sleep Latency Test. Sleep latency, rapid eye movement sleep latency, and mean multiple sleep latency were 2.9, 70.1 and 1.5 min, respectively. Twenty-four hour EEG monitoring, MRI imaging of the brain and serum chemistries were normal. At the beginning because of the misdiagnosis the patient was treated with lithium and olanzapine. Patient started Concerta treatment after 1 year with 9 mg/day at the morning. Dose was increased maximum to 18 mg twice daily over a 2-weeks period.Results:Treatment of narcolepsy with Concerta lasted 6 month. Visual hypnogogic hallucinations and cataplexy started to improve 3 weeks after adjustments in methylphenidate dosing. Three months after the initiation of therapy, the patient is completely asymptomatic. Side effects included faster heart rate and nervousness.Conclusion:This case support results from recent studies that methylphenidate is well tolerated and effective in narcolepsy.
2655 – Adherence in Egyptian Patients with Schizophrenia: The Role of Insight, Medication Beliefs and Spirituality
Authors: Amr M. , El-Mogy A. , Shams T. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:Reports about medication adherence in Arab patients with schizophrenia and the possible confounding factors are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether insight, spirituality and patient beliefs about the necessity and concerns about medication were associated with adherence among those presenting with schizophrenia in an outpatient facility.Methods:At the end of a routine follow up with their psychiatrist, patients completed questionnaires including the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight (SAI- E), Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), Arabic Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) and Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) in addition to demographic and clinical information from patients and their medical files.Results:A convenience sample of 92 patients with schizophrenia was studied .On the basis of the MMAS results, 33 (14.7%) patients were categorized as medication adherent and 59 (49.3%) as medication nonadherent. Regression analysis showed that the BMQ concern subscale and DSES scores were negative predictors of adherence whereas the SAI score was a positive predictor of adherence. The most important predictor of adherence was DSES and SAI, followed by BMQ concern subscaleConclusions:This study extended prior research on the role of insight, spirituality and patient beliefs in medication adherence in a sample of Arab patients with schizophrenia which is consistent with previous research conducted in western cultures.
2657 – Does Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke Impair Everyday Memory?
Authors: Heffernan T.M. , O’Neill T. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) has a detrimental impact on health and may lead to deficits in general memory. No research has focused upon whether exposure to SHS affects everyday memory, of which prospective memory (PM: remembering future intentions and activities) is a good example.Objectives:To explore the links between exposure to SHS and PM.Aims:This study aims to compare a group of never-smokers who reported regular exposure to second-hand smoke (the SHS group) with a group of current smokers (the CS group) and a group of never-smokers who reported never having been exposed to SHS (the Non-SHS group) on objective PM.Methods:An existing groups design was employed to compare 24 SHS, 27 CS and 28 Non-SHS on The Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT) which measures time and event based PM. Age, other drug use, mood and IQ were also measured as covariates in the study.Results:The Non-SHS group recalled significantly more PM items on CAMPROMPT than both the SHS and CS groups, with the SHS group recalling significantly more items than the CS group. This was found after controlling for important covariates.Conclusions:This is the first study to observe PM deficits in non-smokers exposed to SHS. It is concluded that exposure to other people's SHS can impede everyday memory, but not to the same degree as found in active (current) smokers, when both groups are compared to non-smokers not exposed to SHS.
2658 – Binge Drinking and Everyday Prospective Memory Deficits
Authors: Heffernan T. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Binge drinking (BD) has been associated with a range of memory deficits, including prospective memory (PM: remembering future intentions and activities) deficits in the past. However no research to date has distinguished between levels of BD.Objectives:To compare heavy binge drinking with non-heavy BD and non-BD groups on objective PM.Aims:To compare varying levels of BD with non-BD upon everyday PM.Methods:An existing groups design was employed to compare a group of heavy BDs (drinking above 15 units per drinking session), with a group of standard BDs (drinking between 10 - 15 units per drinking session), and a group of non-BDs (drinking less than 5 units per session) on objective PM. The Prospective Remembering Video Procedure (PRVP) was used to assess PM, which required the participant to remember a series of actions (e.g. remember to buy “X”) when they reached specific locations (at the Phone Store) whilst viewing a CD Rom clip of a busy shopping high street. Age, other drug use and mood were also measured as covariates in the study.Results:The Non-BD group recalled significantly more action-location combinations on the PRVP than both the ‘standard’ and ‘heavy BD groups, with no significant difference between the latter groups. This was found after controlling for important covariates.Conclusions:It appears that BD per se is associated with PM deficits when compared with non-BDs, with heavy BD not adding to the PM deficits observed. Possible reasons and implications are considered further at conference.
2660 – Suicidal Ideation During Pregnancy and Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms in Postpartum: A Cohort Study in a Disadvantaged Population in Brazil
Authors: Pinheiro A.P. , Nunes M.A.A. , Hoffmann J.F. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives:To estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation during gestation and risk factors for depression in postpartum.Methods:712 pregnant women answered the PRIME MD, and reported sociodemographic data, obstetric history and history of violence; 427 women answered the PRIME MD at 4-5th month postpartum. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between suicidal ideation and sociodemographic, obstetric and violence variables, and to estimate the association between risk factors and depressive symptoms in postpartum.Results:The prevalence of suicidal ideation during pregnancy was 10.3% (n=73). The prevalence of depression was 36.2% (n=258). Suicidal ideation was associated with: 0 to 4 years of schooling (PR=2.88, CI 95% 1.40-5.91), and 5 to 8 years of schooling (PR=2.63, CI 95% 1.45-4.77), being victim of violence in the current gestation (PR=4.35, CI 95% 2.81-6.74), and anxiety symptoms (PR= 5.49, CI 95% 3.58-8.40).The prevalence of depression in the postpartum was 28.3% (n=121); 45 were incident cases (37%). The following variables were significantly associated with depression in postpartum: < 19 years of age (RR=1.82, CI 95% 1.03-3.22), 20-29 years of age (RR=2.19, CI 95% 1.30-3.66), lower income (RR= 1.49, CI 95% 1.00-2.23), depressive symptoms during gestation (RR=2.9, CI 95% 2.13- 3.97), anxiety symptoms during gestation (RR= 2.96, CI 95% 2.26-3.88), and being victim of violence during gestation (RR=2.04, CI95% 1.50-2.78).Conclusion:Gestation is not protective of suicidal ideation and common mental disorders. Treating common mental disorders during pregnancy is essential to prevent depression in post partum and to promote maternal's and infant's health.