bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory With Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Viecili Michelle A. , Weiss Jonathan A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) measures health-related quality of life, a growing area of research, particularly among individuals with disabilities. This research is necessary to fully understand the varied needs of the population and, ultimately, ensure that those needs are being met. The current study assessed the reliability and validity of the PedsQL in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Participants included 359 caregivers of children, youth, and young adults with IDD. Caregivers completed the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales questions regarding the individual's physical health and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The PedsQL achieved excellent reliability across scales, and distinguished healthy individuals from those with chronic health conditions, as well as individuals with ASD from those without. Factor analysis confirmed a 5-factor model, with moderate to high criterion validity. The PedsQL shows sound psychometric properties and may be a useful tool to measure psychosocial functioning in this population.
Implicit Discrimination of Basic Facial Expressions of Positive/Negative Emotion in Fragile X Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Crawford Hayley , Moss Joanna , Anderson Giles M. , Oliver Chris , McCleery Joseph P. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impaired social functioning. We examined the spontaneous discrimination of happy and disgusted facial expressions, from neutral faces, in individuals with FXS (n  =  13, Mage  =  19.70) and ASD (n  =  15, Mage  =  11.00) matched on adaptive behavior and verbal abilities measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale. Eye gaze to the eyes and mouth of neutral faces was also measured. Results suggest individuals with FXS and ASD distinguish facial expressions spontaneously in the same way. Individuals with FXS looked significantly less at the eye region of neutral faces than individuals with ASD. These results provide insight into similarities and differences in face processing in two neurodevelopmental disorders noted for their similarities in social behavior.
A study about the interest level of preschool teacher candidates in environmental problems according to certain variables<p>Okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çevre sorunlarına olan ilgi düzeylerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi
Authors: Alabay Erhan , Doğan Ömer Faruk 
Published: July 2015

<p>The aim of this study is to identify the interest level of the preschool teacher candidates in the environment and to see if this interest is changing considering some variables. The sampling for this study constitutes of 108 preschool teacher candidates, who are studying in Selçuk University Ahmet Keleşoğlu Faculty of Education-Primary Instruction-Preschool Education. Quantitative research techniques were preferred and the study is based on Scanning Model in order to introduce current situation. The scale for the interest of teacher candidates in environment was used which was developed by Alım (2007). As a result of the study it came out that the level of interest of teacher candidates in environment differs meaningfully according to the independent variables: gender and participation in the activity about environment or nature. On the other hand, there aren’t any meaningful differences according to: the class they are studying in, type of high school, location where they spent their childhood and structure of this location, taking a course during his/her education about environment or nature.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çevreye olan ilgi düzeylerinin saptanması ve öğretmen adaylarının bazı değişkenlerine göre çevreye olan ilgilerinin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, Selçuk Üniversitesi Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fakültesi İlköğretim Bölümü Okul Öncesi Eğitimi Anabilim Dalında öğrenimlerini sürdürmekte olan 108 okul öncesi öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmamızda nicel araştırma yöntemi tercih edilmiş olup, mevcut durumu ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla tarama modeli temel alınmıştır. Okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çevreye olan ilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için Alım (2007) tarafından geliştirilen Öğretmen Adaylarının Çevre Sorunlarına İlgileri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının çevreye olan ilgi düzeylerinin, cinsiyet ve çevre veya doğa ile ilgili etkinliğe katılma durumu değişkenleri ile anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı, öğretmen adaylarının sınıf, lise türü, çocukluğunu geçirdiği yerleşim yeri ve yapı türü ve öğrenim süreci boyunca çevre veya doğa ile ilgili ders alma durumuna göre de anlamlı farklılaşmanın olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.</p>
A study on the organization and management systems of Turkish shipping companies
Authors: Demirel Ergün 
Published: July 2015

<p class="Standard">The Turkish maritime posture is changing rapidly. Turkish shipowners now have over 30.3 millions DWT fleet and modern and big size ships replacing old vessels. The quantity and quality of the ports and terminals are significantly increasing. The shipping companies are reorganizing to adapt themselves for new operational and economic requirements. Better organizations and management systems are required to support this modernized fleet and improving shore facilities.</p><p class="Standard">The shipping companies are the leading element of the shipping sector. They play a crucial role in understanding existing and future requirements for national maritime industry and they develop plans, programmes and policies to survive in today’s challenging world.</p><p class="Standard">The shipping sector introduces a volatile character and it is not transparent. Therefore, it is not so easy to gather information on all the aspects of the shipping companies such as financial status, future plans and strategies. On the other hand, it is relatively easier to collect information on organization and management systems of the companies, which provide significant information on their capabilities and modus operandi.</p><p class="Standard">In this study it is intended to make a SWOT analysis of these companies based on their organization and management systems, using the expertise and different views of the professionals. In light of the results of the analysis, some findings which may lead to future studies are also discussed.</p>
Personal Cyber Security Provision Scale development study<p>Kişisel Siber Güvenliği Sağlama Ölçeği geliştirme çalışması
Authors: Erol Osman , Şahin Yusuf Levent , Yılmaz Eray , Haseski Halil İbrahim 
Published: July 2015

<p>The aim of this study is to develop a scale to determine internet users behavior related to cyber security. In this context created an item pool in accordance with expert opinion. This item pool was administered to 810 people for exploratory factor analysis. In exploratory factor analysis; principal component analysis method which is commonly used and Varimax vertical rotation method to determine the factor structure was used. Scale was administered to 292 people and structural equation modeling approach was applied to confirmation study.As a result of factor analysis,“Personal Cyber Security Provision Scale" which consists of 5 factors and 25 items and has a good compatibility was occurred.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu araştırmanın amacı internet kullanıcılarının siber güvenlik ile ilgili davranışlarını belirlemeye yönelik bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Bu bağlamda öncelikle uzman görüşü doğrultusunda 26 maddelik bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Bu madde havuzu yapı geçerliliğinin test edilmesi için Facebook sosyal paylaşımda bir uygulamayı kullanan 810 kişiye uygulanarak açımlayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizinde en sık kullanılan yöntem olan temel bileşenler analizi yöntemi kullanılmış, ölçekteki faktör yapısını belirlemek için ise Varimax - dikey döndürme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin doğrulama çalışması için ise aynı sosyal ağ uygulamasını kullanan ve daha önce ölçeğin uygulandığı kişilerin elendiği292 kişinin verisi kullanılarak yapısal eşitlik modeli yaklaşımı uygulanmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda 5 faktörlü ve 25 maddeden oluşan; doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ise elde edilen uyum indekslerine göre iyi bir uyuma sahip "Kişisel Siber Güvenliği Sağlama Ölçeği" ortaya çıkmıştır.</p>
Gonadal Mosaicism Induced by Chemical Treatment of Sperm inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lindsley Dan L , Hardy Robert W , Ripoll Pedro , Lindsley Dart 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAccurate interpretation of forward genetic screens of chromosomes exposed in mature spermatozoa to a mutagenic chemical requires understanding—incomplete to date—of how exposed chromosomes and their replicas proceed through early development stages from the fertilized ovum to establishment of the germline of the treated male’s offspring. We describe a model for early embryonic development and establishment of the germline of Drosophila melanogaster and a model-validating experiment. Our model proposes that, barring repair, DNA strands modified by treatment with alkylating agents are stable and mutagenic. Each replication of an alkylated strand can result in misreplication and a mutant-bearing daughter nucleus. Daughter nuclei thenceforth replicate faithfully and their descendants comprise the embryonic syncytium. Of the 256 nuclei present after the eighth division, several migrate into the polar plasm at the posterior end of the embryo to found the germline. Based upon distribution of descendants of the alkylated strands, the misreplication rate, and the number of nuclei selected as germline progenitors, the frequency of gonadal mosaicism is predictable. Experimentally, we tracked chromosomes 2 and 3 from EMS-treated sperm through a number of generations, to characterize autosomal recessive lethal mutations and infer gonadal genetic content of the sons of treated males. Over 50% of 106 sons bore germlines that were singly, doubly, or triply mosaic for chromosome 2 or chromosome 3. These findings were consistent with our model, assuming a rate of misreplication between 0.65 and 0.80 at each replication of an alkylated strand. Crossing treated males to mismatch-repair-deficient females had no apparent effect on mutation rate.
Escape Depth of Gold Ions in Tissue Sections
Authors: Niidome Yasuro , Fujii Masanori , Nakashima Naotoshi , Niidome Takuro 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTDesorption of gold ions from liver tissue sections, in which intravenously injected gold nanorods were accumulated, were studied to evaluate properties of gold nanorods as a "mass-tag". Gold ions were sensitively detected by using a conventional MALDI-MS machine. When 50-µm-thick blank sections without gold nanorods were placed on or beneath a sample section, desorption of gold ions was almost suppressed. It was found that the escape depth of gold ions from liver tissue sections was less than 50 µm. It was found that we do not have to take account of the escape depth of gold ions if a section were sliced into 10-20 µm thickness.
Effect of Nitrogen implantation on the optical characteristics of Zn0.85Mg0.15O thin film at low temperature
Authors: Saha S. , Nagar S. , Chakrabarti S. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe importance of ZnxMg1-xO is increasing day by day because of its wider bandgap than ZnO. This ternary semiconductor finds its application in the fields of optoelectronics, spintronics, superlattices due to its unique blueshifted UV-luminescent property. n- to p-type conduction which is the motive of the project can be achieved with increasing Mg content in ZnMgO. The optical characteristics of the nitrogen doped ZnxMg1-xO (x=0.85) grown on 2 inch Si <100>wafer by RF sputtering are studied and analyzed thoroughly using low temperature (15K) photoluminescence measurements. Nitrogen implantation was carried out by Plasma immersion Ion Implantation technique on the sample. Rapid Thermal Process was employed to remove defects resulting from implantation. The samples were annealed at 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, and 1000o C for 10 seconds in an oxygen ambient. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed at low temperature (15K) which exhibited acceptor-bound-exciton peak (A°X) and donor-bound-acceptor pair (DAP) at 3.336 eV and 3.236 eV respectively. At 3.364 eV, S peak was found for the sample annealed at 800°C after implantation. This peak was attributed to the existence of ZnO-like composition. Localized and de-localized exciton peaks were found around 3.42 and 3.45 eV respectively. This result is very important because though dominant acceptor peak was not found but proper optimization of the parameters can lead to p-type ZnMgO which is the main motive of this project.
Influence of growth conditions on the physical properties of Mn doped ZnO thin films grown by reactive magnetron sputtering
Authors: Camacho-Berrios Adrian , Pantojas Victor , Otaño Wilfredo 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTZnO thin films were deposited using the DC pulsed magnetron sputtering technique to study how composition and structure influences their magnetic properties. Low sputtering powers and high substrate temperatures were used to increase adatom mobility during deposition, resulting in increased crystallite size and reduced residual stress in the films. Another set of ZnO films were Mn-doped using a second magnetron gun and the amount of doping was changed by controlling the RF sputtering power. For these films, the crystallite size increased with the amount of Mn. The magnetic properties of these materials were counterintuitive; not intentionally doped ZnO showed the highest magnetization and magnetization decreased with increasing Mn concentration.
LAS CONTRIBUCIONES DEL INTRAEMPRENDIMIENTO A LA ESTRATEGIA DE MANUFACTURA
Authors: Rubio Guerrero Germán 
Published: July 2015

El intraemprendimiento es un constructo que se ha venido abriendo paso en las organizaciones. De hecho es una concepción que bien orientada trae muchos beneficios no solo a las empresas sino en particular a sus colaboradores. Muchas de las contribuciones que a través del intraemprendimiento pueden hacer los empleados son acerca de diseños de procesos, herramientas y métodos de trabajo. Es allí donde se encuentra la fusión entre intraemprendimiento y estrategia de operaciones. Dentro de este contexto es importante señalar los puntos de encuentro entre estas teorías y determinar la importancia que esta metodología tiene para las diferentes organizaciones. Este artículo pretende realizar esa aproximación a través de una revisión teórica de ambos campos de conocimiento. Al final del contraste se encontró que el intraemprendimiento, no solo presenta una fuerte relación con las estrategias de manufactura, sino que sus contribuciones son destacables en el mejoramiento de la posición competitiva de las empresas.
L. P. Hartley's The Eustace and Hilda Trilogy: a study of symbolic structure
Authors: Gallo Elisa Cristina De Proença Rodrigues 
Published: July 2015

This dissertation presents a study of symbols as they springup from the literary work (The Eustace and Hilda Trilogy by L. P. Hartley), occurring and recurring as theme-carriers in similar contexts, reinforcing and complementing basic ideas, acting and interacting for the same purpose of showing the central theme, related to the problematic development of the protagonist, Eustace Cherrington, from childhood and early adolescence to manhood. Eustace's difficulty lies basically in his obsessive sexual relationship towards his sister Hilda and in a life-time repression which together lead him to a condition of latent incest. To explain and illustrate this central theme, which is the destructive power of incest resulting in fragmentation of the ego we have opted for a psycological approach and tried to concentrate our study on erotic symbols.
A contrastive analysis of some significant Portuguese and English phonemes
Authors: Russo Neuza Gonçalves 
Published: July 2015

This work deals with the description, distribution and classification of the English consonantal phonemes: /t/, /g/, /đ/, /l/, /č/ and the vowel phonemes: /u/ and /ə/ and their contrast to the corresponding Portuguese phonemes. Not only the contrast is shown but also the problems related to the learning of the above phonemes and their allophones by Portuguese speakers and some possible techniques and pieces of advice to minimize the problem. Este trabalho trata da descrição, distribuição e classificação dos fonemas /t/, /g/, /đ/, /l/, /č/ do inglês e dos fonemas vocálicos /u/ e /ə/ e o seu contraste com os fonemas correspondentes do português. Não somente a análise contrastiva é apresentada, mas também os problemas relacionados com o aprendizado destes fonemas por falantes do português e algumas técnicas de ensino de pronúncia para minimizar o problema.
Left atrial strain rate estimates PCWP
Authors: Henein Michael , Tossavainen Erik , Söderberg Stefan , Grönlund Christer , Gonzalez Manuel , Lindqvist Per 
Published: July 2015

<p><span>Objective: </span>Raised left atrial (LA) pressure is a common pathway for many pathologies and is known for its complications. It has a direct effect on LA cavity size and potentially also its function. We hypothesized that raised LA pressure, as shown by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), correlates with severity of global LA deformation abnormalities during atrial systole (LASRa).</p><p>Design and Patients: We prospectively studied 46 consecutive patients, mean age 61 +/-13 years, 17 males, of various etiologies who underwent right heart catheterization and simultaneous Doppler echocardiography using spectral, tissue Doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography techniques for assessing LA structure and function.</p><p><span>Results: </span>PCWP correlated with direct measurements of LA structure and function: LA volume (r= 0.43, p&lt;0.01) and LASRa (r=0.79, p&lt;0.001). PCWP correlated also with other indirect measures of LA pressure such as E/A (r=0.65, p&lt;0.001), E wave deceleration time (r=0.54, p&lt;0.001), E/e’ (r=0.49, p&lt;0.001) and LA systolic filling fraction (r=0.52, p&lt;0.001). However, LASRa together with LA systolic filling fraction, had the highest areas under the curve (0.83 and 0.87, respectively) for identifying patients with PCWP &gt; 15 mmHg.</p><p><span>Conclusion: </span>PCWP correlates with LA deformation rate during atrial systole and to a higher extent than conventional Doppler measures of raised LA pressures. These findings should have significant clinical implications in correctly identifying breathless patients due to raised LA pressure.</p><p> </p>
Antithrombotic treatments for patients with atrial fibrillation and a requirement for a coronary artery stent
Authors: Owen Andrew 
Published: July 2015

<p><span>Background: </span>Patients with atrial fibrillation and a coronary artery stent require anticoagulation to provide prophylaxis</p><p>against stroke and dual antiplatelet therapy to provide prophylaxis against stent thrombosis (triple therapy).</p><p>This combination increases the risk of major bleeding complications compared to either treatment alone. It is</p><p>suggested that an alternative to triple therapy is high dose dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin 325mg/day and</p><p>clopidogrel 75 mg/day), which would have similar efficacy to triple therapy in relation to prophylaxis against</p><p>both stroke and stent thrombosis with a lower risk of bleeding complications.</p><p><span>Summary: </span>1. Patients with atrial fibrillation and a coronary artery stent require triple therapy, which is associated with</p><p>increased bleeding risk.</p><p>2. In everyday practice 50% of patients do not receive this, because of the excess bleeding risk.</p><p>3. It is suggested that for patients at increased bleeding risk and for whom it is felt that triple therapy is not</p><p>suitable, Aspirin (325mg daily) and clopidogrel (75mg daily) should be considered.</p><p> </p>
Emergence of ischemic cardiomyopathy as the main cause of heart failure in urban Sudanese population
Authors: Khalil Siddiq Ibrahim , Khalil Suha , Albadri Hajir Khalid , Ali Mohamed Khalid , Albashir Hiba Abdalla , Mohamed Sara Ibrahim , Alhaj Amna Moawia , Abdelwahid Khalid Gaafar 
Published: July 2015

<p><strong> </strong></p><p>Heart failure is a rapidly growing cardiovascular (CV) problem in Sudan due to affluence and lifestyle changes producing high rates of CV risk factors and consequent coronary heart disease in addition to the historical causes of hypertension and rheumatic heart disease.</p><p>This study is intended to measure the prevalence of heart failure (HF) among hospital admissions and study the recent trends in etiology, clinical features and methods of treatment.</p><p>Methods: All admissions at Sudan Heart Institute between January 2000 and June 2011 were studied. Patients went through detailed history taking and physical examination. Investigations included 12 lead ECG and chest X-ray, echocardiography and cardiac catheterization was also carried out where indicated.</p><p>Results: A total of 12453 cases were collected and 1073 were verified by the authors and an independent cardiologist, constituting 8.6% of CV disease admissions. Female to male ratio was 1:1.6 and age 15 to 96 years (median 58 years). 74.6 % of all patients were urban dwellers. Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction accounted for 71.6% and preserved systolic function 28.4%. Ischemic aetiology accounted for 44.6% of cases, hypertension 24.8 %, RHD 14.4% and idiopathic 12.4%. </p><p>Conclusion: Ischemic cardiomyopathy emerged as the main cause of HF among urban population probably due to changes in lifestyle. Treatment and prevention of these risk may reduce the prevalence of heart failure. </p>
Concomitant significant mitral regurgitation in patients with aortic valve stenosis undergoing valve replacement: Practical indications
Authors: Lo Iudice Francesco , Galderisi Maurizio 
Published: July 2015

<p>Significant mitral regurgitation (MR) - either of structural or functional origin - is a frequent condition in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), candidate to aortic valve replacement (AVR), and raises the problem whether or not to intervene on mitral valve at the same time. Surgical risk related to the double valve intervention is still significantly higher compared to isolated AVR and international guidelines do not always give definite indications in the presence of multiple valve disease. Furthermore, the increasing diffusion of transcatheter aortic valve replacement for patients at high surgical risk has risen the problem of leaving the concomitant MR untreated. This review is an attempt to give a practical guide for the decision-making process about the treatment strategy of patients with concomitant severe AS and significant MR, analyzing the impact of a persistent MR on prognosis after surgical or transcatheter AVR, the main predictors of MR improvement after isolated AVR - according to the current literature – and displaying the emerging approach involving transcatheter treatment of both AS and MR.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>