bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement and interpretation of subtle deformation signals at Unimak Island from 2003 to 2010 using weather model‐assisted time series InSAR
Authors: Gong W. , Meyer F. J. , Lee C.‐W. , Lu Z. , Freymueller J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA 7 year time series of satellite radar images over Unimak Island, Alaska—site of Westdahl Volcano, Fisher Caldera, and Shishaldin Volcano—was processed using a model‐free Persistent Scatterer Interferometry technique assisted by numerical weather prediction model. The deformation‐only signals were optimally extracted from atmosphere‐contaminated phase records. The reconstructed deformation time series maps are compared with campaign and continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements as well as Small Baseline Subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) results for quality assessment and geophysical interpretation. We observed subtle surface inflation at Westdahl Volcano that can be fit by a Mogi source located at approximately 3.6 km north of Westdahl peak and at depth of about 6.9 km that is consistent with the GPS‐estimated depth for the 1998 to 2001 time period. The magma chamber volume change decays during the period of 2003 to 2010. The deformation field over Fisher Caldera is steadily subsiding over time. Its best fit analytical model is a sill source that is about 7.9 km in length, 0.54 km in width, and located at about 5.5 km below sea level underneath the center of Fisher Caldera with strike angle of N52°E. Very little deformation was detected near Shishaldin peak; however, a region approximately 15 km east of Shishaldin, as well as an area at the Tugamak range at about 30 km northwest of Shishaldin, shows evidence for movement toward the satellite, with a temporal signature correlated with the 2004 Shishaldin eruption. The cause of these movements is unknown.
Dry (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite in the Earth's lower mantle
Authors: Panero Wendy R. , Pigott Jeffrey S. , Reaman Daniel M. , Kabbes Jason E. , Liu Zhenxian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCombined synthesis experiments and first‐principles calculations show that MgSiO3‐perovskite with minor Al or Fe does not incorporate significant OH under lower mantle conditions. Perovskite, stishovite, and residual melt were synthesized from natural Bamble enstatite samples (Mg/(Fe + Mg) = 0.89 and 0.93; Al2O3 < 0.1 wt % with 35 and 2065 ppm weight H2O, respectively) in the laser‐heated diamond anvil cell at 1600–2000 K and 25–65 GPa. Combined Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and ex situ transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrates little difference in the resulting perovskite as a function of initial water content. Four distinct OH vibrational stretching bands are evident upon cooling below 100 K (3576, 3378, 3274, and 3078 cm−1), suggesting four potential bonding sites for OH in perovskite with a maximum water content of 220 ppm weight H2O, and likely no more than 10 ppm weight H2O. Complementary, Fe‐free, first‐principles calculations predict multiple potential bonding sites for hydrogen in perovskite, each with significant solution enthalpy (0.2 eV/defect). We calculate that perovskite can dissolve less than 37 ppm weight H2O (400 ppm H/Si) at the top of the lower mantle, decreasing to 31 ppm weight H2O (340 ppm H/Si) at 125 GPa and 3000 K in the absence of a melt or fluid phase. We propose that these results resolve a long‐standing debate of the perovskite melting curve and explain the order‐of‐magnitude increase in viscosity from upper to lower mantle.
Climatology and variability of trace gases in extratropical double‐tropopause regions from MLS, HIRDLS, and ACE‐FTS measurements
Authors: Schwartz M. J. , Manney G. L. , Hegglin M. I. , Livesey N. J. , Santee M. L. , Daffer W. H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUpper tropospheric and lower stratospheric measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Aura High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS), and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment‐Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE‐FTS) are used to present the first global climatological comparison of extratropical, nonpolar trace gas distributions in double‐tropopause (DT) and single‐tropopause (ST) regions. Stratospheric tracers, O3, HNO3, and HCl, have lower mixing ratios ∼2–8 km above the primary (lowermost) tropopause in DT than in ST regions in all seasons, with maximum Northern Hemisphere (NH) differences near 50% in winter and 30% in summer. Southern Hemisphere winter differences are somewhat smaller, but summer differences are similar in the two hemispheres. H2O in DT regions of both hemispheres shows strong negative anomalies in November through February and positive anomalies in July through October, reflecting the strong seasonal cycle in H2O near the tropical tropopause. CO and other tropospheric tracers examined have higher DT than ST values 2–7 km above the primary tropopause, with the largest differences in winter. Large DT‐ST differences extend to high NH latitudes in fall and winter, with longitudinal maxima in regions associated with enhanced wave activity and subtropical jet variations. Results for O3 and HNO3 agree closely between MLS and HIRDLS, and differences from ACE‐FTS are consistent with its sparse and irregular midlatitude sampling. Consistent signatures in climatological trace gas fields provide strong evidence that transport from the tropical upper troposphere into the layer between double tropopauses is an important pathway for stratosphere‐troposphere exchange.
ROC Analysis of the Verbal Overshadowing Effect: Testing the Effect of Verbalisation on Memory Sensitivity
Authors: Smith Harriet M. J. , Flowe Heather D. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThis study investigated the role of memory sensitivity versus recognition criterion in the verbal overshadowing effect (VOE). Lineup recognition data were analysed using receiver operating characteristic analysis to separate the effects of verbalisation on memory sensitivity from criterion placement. Participants watched a short crime video, described the perpetrator's facial features and then attempted a lineup identification. Description instructions were varied between participants. There was a standard (free report), forced (report everything) and warning (report accurate information) condition. Control participants did not describe the perpetrator. Memory sensitivity was greater in the control compared with the standard condition. Memory sensitivity was also greater in the warning condition than in the forced and standard conditions. Memory sensitivity did not differ across the forced and standard‐description conditions, although a more conservative lineup decision standard was employed in the forced condition. These results, along with qualitative analyses of descriptions, support both retrieval‐based and criterion‐based explanations of the VOE. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Three‐Input Inverted Enabled OR Logic Array by Self‐Assembly of a Rhodamine Probe in Micelles
Authors: Caruana Maria Victoria , Camilleri Fava Matthew , Magri David C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA rhodamine B derivative appended with a hexyl chain has been synthesized as a colorimetric and fluorimetric probe and studied in three different micelles, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Triton X‐100, and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) in 1:4 (v/v) methanol/water solutions. UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopic studies suggest that the hydrophobic hexyl chain anchors the probe in the vicinity of the water/membrane interface rather than in the bulk solution. A significant pKa shift of 4.5 units is observed in CTAC and Triton X‐100 relative to aqueous methanol solution, whereas no significant difference is observed in SDS. In CTAC and basic solution a nine‐fold decrease in the fluorescence intensity and absorbance are observed. These observations are rationalized by a spiro‐ring‐closing mechanism via lactam formation, which disrupts the conjugated xanthene chromophore. A three‐input inverted enabled OR (iEnOR) logic circuit is demonstrated in absorbance and fluorescence mode with CTAC, Triton X‐100 and alkali as the inputs via supramolecular assembly.
Microwave‐Assisted Construction of C‐Hydroxydiketopiperazines using Lanthanum(III) Triflate
Authors: Wang Qing‐Peng , Zhang Hong‐Bo , Ning Xin , Hang Hang , Huang Zhong‐Lv , Song Hao‐Ran , Wang Xin , Wang Peng George 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA highly efficient and convenient method for the construction of C‐hydroxydiketopiperazines has been developed using Lanthanum(III) triflate as a recyclable reagent. Microwave heating dramatically enhances the reaction rate without the epimerization of the existing chiral center in the substrate.
A New p‐Metal‐n Structure AgBr‐Ag‐BiOBr with Superior Visible‐Light‐Responsive Catalytic Performance
Authors: Dong Yuming , Feng Cuiyun , Zhang Jingjing , Jiang Pingping , Wang Guangli , Wu Xiuming , Miao Hongyan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA novel visible‐light‐driven AgBr‐Ag‐BiOBr photocatalyst was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. Taking advantage of both p‐n heterojunctions and localized surface plasmon resonance, the p‐metal‐n structure exhibited a superior performance concerning degradation of methyl orange under visible‐light irradiation (λ>420 nm). A possible photodegradation mechanism in the presence of AgBr‐Ag‐BiOBr composites was proposed, and the radical species involved in the degradation reaction were investigated. HO2⋅/⋅O2− played the same important role as ⋅OH in the AgBr‐Ag‐BiOBr photocatalytic system, and both the electron and hole were fully used for degradation of organic pollutants. A dual role of metallic Ag in the photocatalysis was proposed, one being surface plasmon resonance and the other being an electron‐hole bridge. Due to the distinctive p‐metal‐n structure, the visible‐light absorption, the separation of photogenerated carriers and the photocatalysis efficiency were greatly enhanced.
Selection by phage display of nanobodies directed against hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α)
Authors: Li Min , Fan Xiaodan , Liu Jing , Hu Yaozhong , Huang He 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHypoxia, which promotes tumor invasion and metastasis, is a common phenomenon in solid tumors. Hypoxia generally leads to a higher expression level of hypoxia inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) in tumors (cells) relative to normal tissues (cells). Given the unique expression of HIF‐1α in human cancers and its vital importance in mediating hypoxic adaptation, we have identified 20 different HIF‐1α‐specific nanobodies by using a llama‐derived nonimmune phage display library. PAS‐B domain of HIF‐1α (HIF‐1α‐PAS‐B) has been used as an antigen. Nanobody (VHH16) was selected from these 20 nanobodies by phage enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The preliminary analysis of biological activity demonstrates that VHH16 can specifically bind to HIF‐1α with high affinity. VHH16 is the first nanobody that specifically binds to HIF‐1α‐PAS‐B as well. We suggest here that VHH16 is useful in disease diagnosis and also has potential in medical applications.
A genomic region encompassing a newly identified exon provides enhancing activity sufficient for normal myo7aa expression in zebrafish sensory hair cells
Authors: Ernest Sylvain , Rosa Frédéric M. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTMYO7A is an unconventional myosin involved in the structural organization of hair bundles at the apex of sensory hair cells (SHCs) where it serves mechanotransduction in the process of hearing and balance. Mutations of MYO7A are responsible for abnormal shaping of hair bundles, resulting in human deafness and murine deafness/circling behavior. Myo7aa, expressed in SHCs of the inner ear and lateral line of zebrafish, causes circling behavior and abnormal hair cell function when deficient in mariner mutant. This work identifies a new hair cell‐specific enhancer, highly conserved between species, located within Intron 2–3 of zebrafish myosin 7a (myo7aa) gene. This enhancer is contained within a 761‐bp DNA fragment that encompasses a newly identified Exon of myo7aa and whose activity does not depend on orientation. Compensation of mariner mutation by expression of mCherry‐Myo7aa fusion protein under the control of this 761‐bp DNA fragment results in recovery of balance, normal hair bundle shape and restored hair cell function. Two smaller adjacent fragments (344‐bp and 431‐bp), extracted from the 761‐bp fragment, both show hair cell‐specific enhancing activity, with apparently reduced intensity and coverage. These data should help understand the role of Myo7aa in sensory hair cell differentiation and function. They provide tools to decipher how myo7aa gene is expressed and regulated in SHCs by allowing the identification of potential transcription factors involved in this process. The discovered enhancer could represent a new target for the identification of deafness‐causing mutations affecting human MYO7A. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 961–983, 2015
Impact of worsening renal function related to medication in heart failure
Authors: Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter , Knackstedt Christian , Eurlings Luc , Rolny Vinzent , Krause Friedemann , Pfisterer Matthias E. , Tobler Daniel , Rickenbacher Peter , Maeder Micha T. ,   for the TIME‐CHF investigators
Published: December 2014

AimsRenal failure is a major challenge in treating heart failure (HF) patients. HF medication may deteriorate renal function, but the impact thereof on outcome is unknown. We investigated the effects of HF medication on worsening renal function (WRF) and the relationship to outcome.Methods and resultsThis post‐hoc analysis of TIME‐CHF (NT‐proBNP‐guided vs. symptom‐guided management in chronic HF) included patients with LVEF ≤45% and ≥1 follow‐up visit (n = 462). WRF III was defined as a rise in serum creatinine ≥0.5 mg/dL (i.e. 44.2 µmol/L) at any time during the first 6 months. Four classes of medication were considered: loop diuretics, beta‐blockers, renin–angiotensin system (RAS)‐blockers, and spironolactone. Functional principal component analysis of daily doses was used to comprehend medication over time. All‐cause mortality after 18 months was the primary outcome. Interactions between WRF, medication, and outcome were tested. Patients with WRF III received on average higher loop diuretic doses (P = 0.0002) and more spironolactone (P = 0.02), whereas beta‐blockers (P = 0.69) did not differ and lower doses of RAS‐blockers were given (P = 0.09). There were significant interactions between WRF III, medicationn and outcome. Thus, WRF III was associated with poor prognosis if high loop diuretic doses were given (P = 0.001), but not with low doses (P = 0.29). The opposite was found for spironolactone (poor prognosis in the case of WRF III with no spironolactone, P <0.0001; but not with spironolactone, P = 0.31). Beta‐blockers were protective in all patients (P <0.001), but most in those with WRF III (P <0.05 for interaction). RAS‐blockade was associated with improved outcome (P = 0.006), irrespective of WRF III.ConclusionBased on this analysis, it may be hypothesized that high doses of loop diuretics might have detrimental effects, particularly in combination with significant WRF, whereas spironolactone and beta‐blockers might be protective in patients with WRF.
Efficiently screening heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Boonman‐de Winter Leandra J.M. , Rutten Frans H. , Cramer Maarten J. , Landman Marcel J. , Zuithoff Nicolaas P.A. , Liem Anho H. , Hoes Arno W. 
Published: December 2014

AimsOur aim was to develop a screening tool for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods and resultsA total of 581 consecutive patients from 21 primary care practices in The Netherlands with type 2 diabetes, in whom the diagnosis of heart failure (HF) was not known, underwent an extensive diagnostic assessment, including medical history taking, physical examination, ECG, and echocardiography. The presence or absence of HF was established by a panel of two cardiologists and one general practitioner following the guidelines on HF of the European Society of Cardiology. In 161 patients, HF was considered present. A model based on the medical history and symptoms had a good discriminative value for detecting or excluding HF [C‐statistic after bootstrapping 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76–0.83]. Adding signs improved the C‐statistic to 0.82 (95% CI 0.79–0.86). A diagnostic screening score based on the clinical model had good discriminative properties applying a cut‐off of 3 points (24.7% risk of HF) with sensitivity 70.8%, specificity 79.0%, negative predictive value 87.6%, and positive predictive value 56.4%. ECG and natriuretic peptides both had independent added value beyond the clinical model and increased the C‐statistic to 0.86 (95% CI 0.83– 0.89). With a 20% threshold, the net reclassification of adding ECG and NT‐proBNP to the clinical model was only 0.06.ConclusionsA decision aid based on items from the clinical assessment is useful for screening HF in older patients with type 2 diabetes and to pre‐select for echocardiography.Trial registrationNL2271704108.
False Discovery Rates for Rare Variants From Sequenced Data
Authors: Capanu  Marinela , Seshan Venkatraman E. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe detection of rare deleterious variants is the preeminent current technical challenge in statistical genetics. Sorting the deleterious from neutral variants at a disease locus is challenging because of the sparseness of the evidence for each individual variant. Hierarchical modeling and Bayesian model uncertainty are two techniques that have been shown to be promising in pinpointing individual rare variants that may be driving the association. Interpreting the results from these techniques from the perspective of multiple testing is a challenge and the goal of this article is to better understand their false discovery properties. Using simulations, we conclude that accurate false discovery control cannot be achieved in this framework unless the magnitude of the variants' risk is large and the hierarchical characteristics have high accuracy in distinguishing deleterious from neutral variants.
Bioactive, nanostructured Si‐substituted hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium prepared by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Rau Julietta V. , Cacciotti Ilaria , Laureti Sara , Fosca Marco , Varvaro Gaspare , Latini Alessandro 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAims: The aim of this work was to deposit silicon‐substituted hydroxyapatite (Si‐HAp) coatings on titanium for biomedical applications, since it is known that Si‐HAp is able to promote osteoblastic cells activity, resulting in the enhanced bone ingrowth. Materials and Methods: Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method was used for coatings preparation. For depositions, Si‐HAp targets (1.4 wt % of Si), made up from nanopowders synthesized by wet method, were used. Results: Microstructural and mechanical properties of the produced coatings, as a function of substrate temperature, were investigated by scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Vickers microhardness. In the temperature range of 400–600°C, 1.4–1.5 µm thick Si‐HAp films, presenting composition similar to that of the used target, were deposited. The prepared coatings were dense, crystalline, and nanostructured, characterized by nanotopography of surface and enhanced hardness. Whereas the substrate temperature of 750°C was too high and led to the HAp decomposition. Moreover, the bioactivity of coatings was evaluated by in vitro tests in an osteoblastic/osteoclastic culture medium (α‐Modified Eagle's Medium). Conclusions: The prepared bioactive Si‐HAp coatings could be considered for applications in orthopedics and dentistry to improve the osteointegration of bone implants. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1621–1631, 2015.
Maintenance plasma exchange treatment for muscle specific kinase antibody positive myasthenia gravis patients
Authors: Yamada Chisa , Teener James W. , Davenport Robertson D. , Cooling Laura 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground:Anti‐muscle specific kinase antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MuSK MG) is often characterized by a relatively severe and progressive course, refractoriness to standard myasthenia gravis (MG) medications, and an increased risk of myasthenic crisis. We report here successful management of three MuSK MG patients using maintenance therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) treatment for up to 4.5 years. Materials: The study was a 5‐year retrospective review of all MG patients treated with TPE between 2008 and 2013 at University of Michigan. Inclusion criteria of MuSK MG were positive for anti‐MuSK antibodies and a diagnosis of MuSK MG by staff neurologists. Patient data included age, gender, diagnostic testing results, medications, and the dates and response to TPE treatments. Results: A total of 153 MG patients underwent at least one course of TPE between 2008 and 2013. A total of 12 patients (7.8%) were positive for anti‐MuSK antibodies. Patients were predominantly female (83.3%) and a median age of onset was 46‐years old. Three MuSK MG patients were successfully managed with maintenance TPE. Conclusion: Maintenance TPE may be an effective option for MuSK MG patients. The key of successful maintenance treatment at our institution has been to tailor the TPE frequency for each individual, and to modify the treatment interval in conjunction with medical management. J. Clin. Apheresis 30:314–319, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes associated with a mandatory gastroenterology consultation to improve the quality of care of patients hospitalized with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Ghaoui Rony , Friderici Jennifer , Desilets David J. , Lagu Tara , Visintainer Paul , Belo Angelica , Sotelo Jorge , Lindenauer Peter K. 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND AND AIMSPatients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC) have significant morbidity and resource utilization. In a cohort of patients with DC undergoing usual care (UC) in 2009, we demonstrated that quality indicators (QI) were met <50% of the time. We established a gastroenterology mandatory consultation (MC) to improve the care of patients with DC. We sought to evaluate the impact of the MC intervention on adherence to QI, and compared outcomes to UC.METHODSThis was a prospective cohort study with historic control examining all admissions in a year for DC at an academic medical center. All admissions were seen by a gastroenterologist encouraged to implement QIs (MC). Scores were calculated for each group per admission as the proportion of QIs met versus QIs for which the patient was eligible. QI scores were examined as a function of group assignment multivariable fractional logit regression. We evaluated the impact of the intervention on compliance with QIs, length of stay (LOS), 30‐day readmission, and inpatient death.RESULTSThree hundred three patients were observed in 695 hospitalizations (149 patients in 379 admissions [UC]; 154 patients in 316 admissions [MC]). The QI score was significantly higher in the MC group than the UC group (77.0% vs 46.0%, P < 0.001), reflecting better management of ascites and documentation of transplant evaluation. The management of variceal bleeding improved also but did not reach statistical significance.CONCLUSIONThe MC intervention was associated with greater adherence to recommended care but was not powered to detect difference in LOS, readmission, or mortality rates. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:236–241. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine