bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Authorized Lies: Colonial Agency and Legal Hybrids in Tashkent, c. 1881-1893
Authors: Sartori Paolo 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this essay I reconstruct a conflict over the legitimacy of a waqf established in Tashkent in 1881. The litigation involved a qāḍī and the heirs of the founder of the endowment; Russian colonial authorities investigated the case. Looking, as they were, for an instance of qāḍī malpractice, the Russians sought recourse to legal concepts borrowed from sharīʿa and fabricated evidence as they saw fit. I draw on the idea of legal pluralism in order to highlight how, in Russian Central Asia, legal praxis inevitably embraced diverse conceptions of legality. I also show how locals were able to maneuver government officials into using procedures from various legal traditions and thus produce a legal hybrid.
Le présent article s’attache à reconstituer un contentieux touchant la légitimité d’un waqf établi à Tashkent en 1881. Le litige opposait un qāḍī aux héritiers du fondateur de la dotation; les autorités coloniales russes étaient en charge de l’enquête. Prompts à mettre en cause les qāḍī pour malversations à la moindre occasion, les Russes n’hésitaient pas à recourir à des notions juridiques empruntées à la sharīʿa, voire à forger des preuves au besoin. Mon analyse de cette affaire s’appuie sur la notion de pluralisme juridique, qui permet de mettre en évidence la coexistence, dans la justice telle qu’elle se pratiquait en Asie Centrale sous domination russe, de conceptions hétérogènes de la légalité. Cette étude révèle aussi le rôle des populations locales, et leur capacité à induire les fonctionnaires d’état à mettre en œuvre des procédures émanant de traditions différentes, au point de produire de véritables hybrides juridiques.
Legal Pluralism in Muslim-Majority Colonies: Mapping the Terrain
Authors: Sartori Paolo , Shahar Ido 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This essay aims to provide some analytical foundations for the study of legal pluralism in Muslim-majority colonies. Specifically, we contend that the incorporation of Islamic law into the colonial legal systems should be distinguished from the process of integration and codification of oral customs. As Islamic law constitutes a well-established legal system, based on written traditions and on elaborate institutions of learning and adjudication, its incorporation into the colonial legal system carried with it a number of implications. These are discussed, as are the tripartite relations that often emerge in Muslim-majority colonies between statutory laws, Islamic, and customary laws (ʿādat, ʿurf). The final section of the essay aims to present the articles included in this special issue and to place them within this broad context.
Le présent article vise à établir des fondements théoriques à l’étude du pluralisme juridique dans les colonies à majorité musulmane. Il insiste en particulier sur la nécessité qu’il y a à distinguer l’incorporation de la loi islamique aux systèmes juridiques coloniaux, du processus d’intégration et de codification du droit coutumier non écrit. La loi islamique constitue un système bien établi, fondé sur des traditions écrites et pourvu d’institutions de formation et d’exercice complexes. Son incorporation au sein du système juridique colonial a entraîné un certain nombre de conséquences spécifiques, qui sont analysées ici. Une attention particulière est en outre accordée aux relations triangulaires qui se font jour entre loi statutaire, loi islamique et droit coutumier (ʿādat, ʿurf) dans les colonies à majorité musulmane. Enfin, la dernière partie est consacrée à la présentation des articles réunis dans le numéro spécial dédié à ces enjeux.
Becoming Stranger: Defending the Ethics of Absolute Hospitality in a Potentially Hostile World
Authors: Mills-Knutsen Joshua 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRichard Kearney describes Derrida’s ethics of absolute hospitality as a “fine lesson in tolerance but not necessarily moral judgment.” This paper takes on Kearney’s insistence that ethics requires at least minimal practical discernments of the approaching other in order to safeguard the self in a hostile world. By examining Derrida’s phenomenological investigation into hospitality and combining his conclusions with the ethical practices of desert nomads and ethical luminaries such as Gandhi, this paper unveils that ethics at its heart is a call to vulnerability. As such, any assertion of a power to judge the other is already a violation of the ethical call. Kearney’s search for an ethics of phronetic judgments, no matter how tentative, is challenged as ultimately a desire to eliminate the very vulnerability that makes us human.
“...An End and a Beginning...” Richard Kearney on Welcoming Divine Strangers and Writing Divine Words
Authors: Corbin Ian Marcus 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHow ought one talk about a God who is, strictly speaking, ineffable? Even further, how could one ever dare to speak with dogmatic authority about such a God? This essay takes up one recent exploration of these topics— Richard Kearney’s Anatheism: Returning to God After God. The essay argues that while Kearney expresses legitimate concerns about the ethical and epistemological pitfalls of what he calls “dogmatic theism,” these dangers are not equally present in all iterations of religious dogma. Further, in some instances dogma might even contribute to the project of hospitality to the Other that Kearney commends in Anatheism. Thus a finer hermeneutic is required, which could distinguish between dogmas that are dangerous and helpful, reckless and responsible.
Incarnate Experience and Keeping the Soul Ajar
Authors: Semonovitch Kascha 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis essay offers a phenomenology of the new that entails hospitality and depends on an understanding of being as poetic; this poiesis is, per Jacques Derrida, hospitable, and per Maurice Merleau-Ponty, incarnate. This poiesis intertwines with aesthesis, as action and perception intertwine. Avoiding problems faced by both the materialist and idealist, Merleau-Ponty’s poetic phenomenology shows that perception always indicates a transcendent and vertical excess: the invisible lining of the visible. Two poems which speak of the human hosting the divine Stranger, one by George Herbert and one by Emily Dickinson, illustrate this poetic and incarnate hospitality, which permits the appearance of the divine other.
Islamic Images of Isa/Jesus in the Chester Beatty Manuscript Collection: Visual Art as Framework for Comparative Christology
Authors: Perkins Miriam Y. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Textual analysis has served as a paradigmatic approach to comparative theology for some time while analysis through artistic and visual media has received less attention. Most approaches to comparative theology rely on textual comparison of sacred texts. However, visual art is also a compelling way to engage in comparative theology and specifically comparative Christology. To demonstrate the power of visual art as a tool for comparative theology, I draw upon two recently published sixteenth-century Islamic images of Isa/Jesus from the Chester Beatty manuscript collection to illustrate how artwork can structure the work of comparative Christology by providing an entry point into Islam’s aesthetic tradition and relevant sacred texts. Paul Ricoeur’s theory of textual interpretation provides a theoretical framework, and I draw upon and extend his theory to describe the way visual art can initiate the interpretive process and move us through explanation toward understanding of another religious tradition, which in turn has the potential to transform theological reflection and generate theological insight.
The Thin Red Line between Indentured and Bonded Labour: Javanese Workers in New Caledonia in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Maurer Jean-Luc 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis short article presents a relatively unknown historical experience of indentured labour having seen thousands of Javanese workers being sent from the end of the 19th century to the outbreak of WWII by the colonial authorities of the Netherlands Indies to New Caledonia, a French colony in the south-west Pacific. Being drawn from a comprehensive study of historical sociology written in French and published in 2006, it summarises the reasons behind this odd labour migration movement and focuses on the recruitment and working conditions of these indentured labourers. Its main argument is to show that there are many points of comparison between past and present forms of labour migration and that one finds some elements of bondage in both of them, the red line being therefore very thin indeed between indentured labour of the colonial period and present day globalisation migrant workers recruitment and employment practices.
A New Portrait of Indentured Labour: Vietnamese Labour Migration to Malaysia
Authors: Thu Huong Lê 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper discusses the recruitment procedure and the gradual loss of autonomy of low-skilled migrant workers in international labour migration, by using the example of Vietnamese workers’ trajectories to Malaysia. It argues that debates on indentured labour and all other forms of bonded labour remain relevant today as new manifestations of the practice are now concealed behind extensive economic exchanges and inter-state economic cooperation. A detailed study of the process of Vietnamese labour migration shows how migratory trajectories that start from ‘voluntary’ indebtedness eventually lead to a status of subordinate and immobilised guest workers in Malaysia. The interrelations between debt and contracts play here a central role. Encouraged by the promising messages of local recruiters and the official support for migration, candidate workers readily consent to sign the triple contracts that will lead them to work in Malaysia. In the process, they gradually get entangled in a web of obligations towards their recruiter, their state (bank) and their employer, leading to severe restrictions in their autonomy over life and work in Malaysia.
Migrant Labour and the Politics of Immobilisation: Cambodian Fishermen in Thailand
Authors: Derks Annuska 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCambodian migrant workers in the Thai fishing industry are increasingly portrayed as the new ‘victims of trafficking’ and as ‘sea slaves’ who are ‘forced to fish,’ but are at the same time considered to be unruly and mobile workers who squander their earnings. Instead of being a result of separate migration streams or distinct groups of migrants, this article shows that these contradictions are inherent to the processes in which essentially mobile workers are immobilised at the place of destination. These immobilisation processes take place at different levels and should be understood in relation to the specificities of work in the fishing sector in general as well as the particular (migrant) labour system that has developed in certain sectors of the Thai labour market, leading to the creation of a flexible, disposable workforce that is bound to the work on Thai fishing vessels.
Anthropology in Southeast Asia: National Traditions and Transnational Practices
Authors: Thompson Eric C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Over several generations, since the mid-20th century, anthropology has become an established academic discipline throughout much of Southeast Asia. Academic anthropology in Southeast Asia is emerging as a scholarly practice driven increasingly by local initiatives and dynamics, though still maintaining ties to global academic networks. The purpose of this article is to contribute to an assessment and understanding of the national traditions and transnational practices of anthropology in Southeast Asia through a comparative perspective. I focus on four national traditions — those of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. While providing a comprehensive account of these diverse traditions and practices is not possible in the space of a single article, I attend to four significant issues relevant to the current state of anthropology across the region. First, I compare the emergent national traditions of the four countries, focusing on the transnational conditions shaping their development, particularly in the late colonial and early post-colonial period (i.e., the mid-20th century). Second, I compare the structuring of anthropological selves and others across these traditions, which shapes the ways in which anthropologists see their work and the people they write about. Third, I discuss ways in which localised anthropological practice can and should contribute to theory building by way of grounded theory and critical translation projects. And finally, I conclude by examining emergent transnational linkages and practices, which suggest current directions that anthropology is taking in the region. While only a partial of narrative anthropology in Southeast Asia, this article is a provocation to think beyond both the older dynamics of the-West-versus-the-rest and the newer constraints of methodological nationalism in anthropologists’ on-going efforts to build a vital and valuable discipline.
No More Zealots in the House of the Lord
Authors: Marcus Joel 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The word כְּנַעֲנִי in Zech 14:21b (“there will no longer be a כְּנַעֲנִי in the house of the Lord of hosts”), has usually been interpreted either in an ethnic (“Canaanite”) or in a mercantile sense (“trader,” “merchant”), and it is possible that in its original context it was a double entendre. In later exegesis, the mercantile interpretation comes to predominate, but the ethnic sense is never completely eclipsed. The New Testament allusions to the Zecharian text reflect both interpretations. On the one hand, the Markan and Johannine Jesus utilizes the mercantile interpretation when he forbids the commerce in the Temple to continue (Mark 11:15-17; John 2:14-17). On the other hand, Mark also seems to reflect the ethnic interpretation, at least indirectly, since he seems to be responding to revolutionaries who used it to justify their ethnic cleansing and military occupation of the Temple. But Mark, for his own part, may have employed the sort of punning exegesis common in ancient Judaism to interpret Zech 14:21b as a prophecy of the eschatological expulsion of these revolutionaries from their Temple headquarters: on that day, there will no longer be קַנְאָנִין (“Zealots”) in the house of the Lord of Hosts.
Description of Globodera capensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from South Africa
Authors: Knoetze Rinus , Swart Antoinette , Tiedt Louwrens R. 
Published: February 2013

A new cyst nematode, herein described as Globodera capensis n. sp., was found on several farms in the Swartland and Sandveld areas in South Africa. As the host plant of G. capensis n. sp. is currently unknown, the species is represented by cysts and second-stage juveniles (J2) only. The cysts have a spherical form, are yellow to dark brown in colour and have bullae (vulval bodies) and subcuticular punctations. Six to 20 cuticular ridges/lines are present between the anus and vulval basin, Granek’s ratio is 0.7-4.0, the vulval basin diam. is 16-28.5 μm and vulval basin to anus distance is 19-60 μm. The J2 is 430-528 μm long and the stylet is 23-28 μm long with anteriorly flattened to rounded stylet knobs. These stages are morphologically and morphometrically very near to, or indistinguishable from PCN, G. artemisiae, G. millefolii and G. tabacum tabacum. It can be distinguished by the molecular characteristics of the ITS-region of the ribosomal DNA. Pairwise distances between closely related Globodera species show that G. capensis n. sp. differs the least in number of base differences per sequence from G. millefolii (63-64 bp) and most from an undescribed Globodera from Chile (72-73 bp). Phylogenetic relationships of G. capensis n. sp. with selected species of Punctoderinae, inferred from ITS-rRNA sequences by using the Maximum Likelihood method, indicate that G. capensis n. sp. occupies a basal position within a lineage of Globodera species from Europe, Asia and New Zealand that parasitises non-solanaceous plants. For diagnostic purposes, digestion of the ITS1 with AluI will distinguish G. capensis n. sp. from G. mexicana, G. pallida, G. rostochiensis and G. tabacum, but not from G. artemisiae, G. millefolii and G. zelandica, whilst FauI will distinguish G. capensis n. sp. from all the other Globodera species tested.
Hemicaloosia vagisclera n. sp. (Nematoda: Caloosiidae) from Bermuda grass in Florida and its phylogenetic relationships with other criconematids
Authors: Inserra Renato N. , Stanley Jason D. , Troccoli Alberto , Chitambar John , Subbotin Sergei A. 
Published: February 2013

Hemicaloosia vagisclera n. sp. is described from Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) in Florida. This new species is characterised by females with body slightly ventrally arcuate in death, face with a prominent elliptical oral disc, large amphids, slender stylet with mean length 64 μm, lateral field consisting of a single longitudinal line marked by continuous and discontinuous transverse striae, oval and full spermatheca, sclerotised vagina vera and tail annuli width greater than that of remaining body annuli. Diagnostic characters for the males are a C-shaped body, head with 4-5 faint lip annuli and pronounced oval oral disc, lateral field with two longitudinal lines intersected by transverse striae, tail digitate in the distal portion posterior to bursa, distinctly annulated and with a round terminus. Molecular characterisation of H. vagisclera n. sp. using the D2-D3 domain of 28S rRNA, partial 18S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequences is also provided. The phylogenetic relationships of this species with other representatives of the suborder Criconematina are presented and indicate that H. vagisclera n. sp. has sister relationships with Caloosia longicaudata supporting the classification of Caloosia together with Hemicaloosia as separate genera in the family Caloosiidae. A diagnostic PCR-ITS-RFLP profile for H. vagisclera n. sp. is also given together with an identification key for seven known species of Hemicaloosia.
Land and Justice in South Africa: Exploring the Ambiguous Role of the State in the Land Claims Process
Authors: Kepe Thembela 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In addition to challenges facing South Africa’s overall post-apartheid land reform, group rural land claims have particularly proven difficult to resolve. This paper explores the role that the state plays in shaping the outcomes of rural group land claims. It analyzes policy statements, including from policy documents, guidelines and speeches made by politicians during ceremonies to hand over land rights to rural claimants; seeking to understand the possible motives, factual correctness, as well as impact, of these statements on the trajectory of the settled land claims. The paper concludes that land reform as practiced in South Africa is functionally and discursively disembedded from socio-political histories of dispossession, because land has come to be treated more as a commodity, rather than as something that represents multiple meanings for different segments of society. Like many processes leading up to a resolution of a rural claim, subsequent statements by government concerning particular ‘successful’ land claims convey an assumption that local claimants have received just redress; that there was local consensus on what form of land claim redress people wanted, and that the state’s lead role in suggesting commercial farming or tourism as land use options for the new land rights holders is welcome. The paper shows that previous in-depth research on rural land claims proves that the state’s role in the success or failure of rural land claims is controversial at best.
The Sunsum of Onyame: Akan Perspectives on an Ecological Pneumatology
Authors: Agyarko Robert Owusu 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The Akan notion of sunsum may form the basis for an ecological pneumatology. Sunsum may be understood as the central, unifying vitality which integrates various elements in Akan thought. Amongst the Akan, God has Sunsum and anything which exists in its natural state has sunsum, a spark from God. The concept of sunsum expresses how the “one” (Onyame) and the “many” (nature including human beings) are related. It is the dynamic equivalent of the Holy Spirit in the Akan Twi Bible. Sunsum is energy, life, communicating itself and transcending itself. It is absolute spirit, who enlivens the whole universe. The Akan concept of sunsum suggests the possibility of a union of the concrete with the universal. The concept of sunsum may therefore enable one to speak of the Holy Spirit and its relation both to God and to nature. This proposal may also enable one to understand the Holy Spirit as cosmic in nature and as divine in being. This contribution offers theological reflection on the implications of the notion of sunsum for ecotheology.
Christian Animism, Green Spirit Theology, and the Global Crisis Today
Authors: Wallace Mark I. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This essay analyses the biblical promise and ethic of Christian animism: because everything God made is a bearer of the Holy Spirit human beings are obligated to care for creation. Three points are made. a) A retrieval of the Spirit’s disclosure of herself in the biblical literatures as one with the four cardinal elements —Earth, air, water, and fire. b) An analysis of how the Spirit is the “soul” of the Earth—the breath of creation—and the Earth is the “flesh” of the Spirit—the living landscapes of divine presence. c) A study of the significance of the church surviving in a period when the message of the Gospel is fundamentally threatened; this is the alarming status confessionis of our time. The hope of Christian animism—the vision of a shared and verdant Earth saturated with divine presence—is the ground for religiously charged transformative responses to the crisis of unsustainable living today.
Receiving from the Other: Theology and Grass-Roots Organizing
Authors: Fulkerson Mary McClintock 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Many Christian theologians today highlight the absence of community and the common good as values in a secular culture: absence that privileges individualism, autonomy and self-sufficiency. Theological perspectives and grass-roots organizing invoke mutual accountability as a key feature of political life that sustains human flourishing for all. Theological community takes the form of sacrament, worship and creed in the encounter with Christian tradition and narratives. The grass-roots Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) and similar organizations form community through relational meetings and the enhancement of human agency in American society. Both theological and grass-roots communities provide alternatives to the individualism of secular society. Attention to the gifts of theology and grass-roots organizing encourages the growth of a broader cultural imagination, theological attention to conflict and negotiation, and mutual accountability in receptive encounter with the other.
Ideas of Tolerance: Religious Exclusivism and Violence in Hindu–Christian Encounters
Authors: Barua Ankur 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article explores, through some historical vignettes, the question of whether there are necessary connections between the Christian worldview and religious aggression, whether in the form of brutal extermination of the religious others or more subtly of interpretive violence on their cultural traditions. The Hindu ‘pluralistic’ attitude towards the religions is often put forward as a paradigm of an open-minded acceptance of their diversity. However, varieties of Hindu ‘pluralism’ turn out, on closer inspection, to be based on specific criteria about the nature of human and divine reality, and collapse, in fact, to forms of ‘exclusivism’ which propose a certain event or experience as the paradigm through which human existence is to be interpreted. The crucial debate, then, is not so much between Christian ‘exclusivism’ versus Hindu ‘pluralism’ as over the basis for viewing religious diversity as encompassed by the divine purpose for humanity.