bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Influences on Life‐History Traits and Reproductive Effort of Introduced Pumpkinseed Sunfish Lepomis Gibbosus in the River Moselle Basin (Northeastern France)
Authors: Masson G. , Valente E. , Fox M. G. , Copp G. H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe influence of local thermal regimes on juvenile growth rates, life‐history traits, and reproductive effort of introduced populations of pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus was examined in 11 water bodies in the River Moselle basin (northeastern France). Female pumpkinseed were collected during their reproductive period in mid‐June in 2009 and 2010, and water temperature was assessed over a 12‐month period in 2010. Annual thermal degree‐days above 10 °C varied from 1529 in a headwater site to 2722 in the Mirgenbach Reservoir, heated by cooling water from a nuclear power plant. Mean age at maturity varied from 1.3 to 2.2 and was inversely related to annual thermal degree‐days. The proportion of mature age‐1 females also increased with temperature, but neither mean total length at maturity nor gonadosomatic index was related to waterbody thermal regime. Body size at the end of the first year of life was unrelated to thermal regime, but the growth rate of immature age‐1 females in their second growing season was positively related to thermal degree‐days in the spring. Warmer water bodies showed elevated reproductive effort in age‐1 females when either early season gain in mass or mass at the beginning of the second growing season was controlled for; however, reproductive effort was unrelated to thermal regime in age‐2 and age‐3 females. Mean age at maturity was related to mean length at age 1 but not to mean length at age 2, in contrast to native North American and introduced European populations. We conclude that the life‐history response of pumpkinseed to warmer temperatures occurs primarily in age‐1 individuals and predict that climate warming will produce changes in pumpkinseed life‐history traits that will make the species more invasive in parts of Europe where the species is present but not actively spreading. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizing Sub‐Daily Flow Regimes: Implications of Hydrologic Resolution on Ecohydrology Studies
Authors: Bevelhimer M. S. , McManamay R. A. , O'Connor B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNatural variability in flow is a primary factor controlling geomorphic and ecological processes in riverine ecosystems. Within the hydropower industry, there is growing pressure from environmental groups and natural resource managers to change reservoir releases from daily peaking to run‐of‐river operations on the basis of the assumption that downstream biological communities will improve under a more natural flow regime. In this paper, we discuss the importance of assessing sub‐daily flows for understanding the physical and ecological dynamics within river systems. We present a variety of metrics for characterizing sub‐daily flow variation and use these metrics to evaluate general trends among streams affected by peaking hydroelectric projects, run‐of‐river projects and streams that are largely unaffected by flow altering activities. Univariate and multivariate techniques were used to assess similarity among different stream types on the basis of these sub‐daily metrics. For comparison, similar analyses were performed using analogous metrics calculated with mean daily flow values. Our results confirm that sub‐daily flow metrics reveal variation among and within streams that are not captured by daily flow statistics. Using sub‐daily flow statistics, we were able to quantify the degree of difference between unaltered and peaking streams and the amount of similarity between unaltered and run‐of‐river streams. The sub‐daily statistics were largely uncorrelated with daily statistics of similar scope. On short temporal scales, sub‐daily statistics reveal the relatively constant nature of unaltered stream reaches and the highly variable nature of  hydropower‐affected streams, whereas daily statistics show just the opposite over longer temporal scales. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Open Metacarpophalangeal Dislocations: Literature Review and Case Report
Authors: Abele J. Diaz , Thibaudeau S. , Luc M. 
Published: May 2014

Background Open dorsal metacarpophalangeal joint dislocations are rare. We report the case of a 62-year-old man who fell from a height of 10 m onto his left outstretched hand and presented to us with four open dorsal metacarpophalangeal joint dislocations. We review the literature and present our case to elucidate the best treatment protocol for open dorsal metacarpophalangeal joint dislocations. Methods A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed from 1946 to present. Publications were found using key terms and cross-referencing. Detail on patient demographic, presentation, mechanism of injury, injury management, and outcome were collected. Results A total of 102 articles of metacarpophalangeal joint dislocation (excluding thumb dislocations) were identified. Of these, only four were of open dorsal metacarpophalangeal joint dislocation involving the four long fingers. Open dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint in these studies showed no hand predominance, nor association with hand dominance. Conclusion Open dorsal metacarpophalangeal joint dislocations of the four long fingers are unusual. Based on the available case reports and our experience, we suggest addressing this injury intraoperatively with minimal delay. Most cases will be associated with volar plate injury, and we encourage its repair with figure-of-eight stitches. Postoperatively, we suggest a dorsal blocking splint for 2 weeks followed by occupational therapy consisting of passive and active range of motion (ROM) exercises and adjunctive therapies to control edema and optimize scar tissue. Inadequate management of such injuries could be highly detrimental to hand function.
Ring Injuries of the Finger: Long-Term Follow-up
Authors: Crosby Nicholas , Hood John , Baker Graeme , Lubahn John 
Published: May 2014

Purpose The purpose of this study was to report on the injury patterns and outcomes of a series of patients treated at our institution between the years 1983 and 2010 who were injured by rings worn on their finger. The series included typical ring avulsion injuries as well as all other injuries caused by rings. Methods Retrospective chart review was conducted on 33 patients with ring injuries treated by the senior author and colleagues. Eight cases were classified as Urbaniak class I, 13 class II, and 12 class III. Results Satisfactory finger motion occurred with salvage of fingers in which no damage occurred to the proximal phalanx or flexor digitorum sublimus or profundus tendons. All patients with flexor tendon injury or proximal phalangeal fracture or both had loss of PIPJ motion and total active motion as compared to class II injuries without tendon and bone involvement. Four class III injuries were treated with replantation. One failed requiring revision amputation at the metacarpalphalangeal joint level due to ischemia. The remaining eight were treated by primary amputation. Conclusions As a guideline to digit salvage with ring injuries, the authors propose accurately documenting and basing treatment on all injured structures. Particular attention should be given to fractures of the proximal phalanx and laceration of the flexor digitorum sublimus and profundus tendons, as injury to these structures led to significant loss in mobility of the finger in this series. While some current guidelines advise revascularization of class II ring avulsion injuries, our series suggests caution in anticipating good results with sublimus or profundus tendon laceration and proximal phalanx fracture. If the profundus tendon only is lacerated, particularly in zone I injuries, results of finger salvage may still be acceptable, but associated (distal interphalangeal joint) DIPJ injury may require K-wire stabilization and later fusion. Replantation in class III injuries, while possible, is warranted only in select situations (patient-specific and cultural factors).
Podcasting as a novel way to communicate with medical school applicants
Authors: Ferguson Benjamin D. , Bister Mary K. , Krapec Joni N. 
Published: May 2014

Podcasting in medical education is becoming more widely used and may be a useful tool for communicating with applicants to medical school. Given recent trends in the popularity of podcasting and mobile media, we created a podcast to communicate more effectively with applicants to our medical school as well as with the broader premedical community. The purpose of this study was to characterize the listening habits and motivations of our audience and compare the podcast’s benefits to those of other resources. We additionally sought to understand patterns by which our podcast was consumed by a premedical audience. We surveyed medical school applicants who interviewed at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine for matriculation in 2013. Forty-one percent of those surveyed had listened to the podcast prior to their interview. Only 12 % of listeners accessed the podcast using a mobile device. Ninety-two percent of listeners felt that it faithfully represented the medical school, and 81 % felt that listening would encourage the decision to matriculate. A majority of listeners responded that the podcast was more helpful than other traditional resources. This is the first use of podcasting in medical school admissions and represents a novel way to communicate with prospective students. Our findings demonstrate that podcasting can be an effective tool for communicating with applicants to medical school and highlight its usefulness in recruitment. This method of communication could be adopted by other medical schools to enhance the ways in which they inform their own prospective medical students.
Alterations of visual and auditory evoked potentials in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Knoth Inga Sophia , Vannasing Phetsamone , Major Philippe , Michaud Jacques L. , Lippé Sarah 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundFragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common monogenic form of intellectual disability and one of the few known monogenic causes of autism. It is caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the FMR1 (‘Fragile X Mental Retardation 1’) gene, which prevents expression of the ‘Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein’ (FMRP). In FXS, the absence of FMRP leads to altered structural and functional development of the synapse, while preventing activity‐based synapse maturation and synaptic pruning, which are essential for normal brain development and cognitive development. Possible impairments in information processing can be non‐invasively investigated using electrophysiology.MethodsWe compared auditory (AEP) and visual (VEP) evoked potentials in twelve adolescents and young adults (10–22 years) affected by FXS to healthy controls matched by chronological age (N = 12) and developmental age of cognitive functioning (N = 9; 5–7 years), using analysis of variance.ResultsIn the visual modality, the N70 and N2 amplitude have been found increased in FXS in comparison to the chronological, but not the developmental control group at occipital sites, whereas in the auditory modality N1, P2 and N2 amplitude as well as N2 latency have been found increased in FXS, relative to both chronological and developmental control groups at mid‐central sites.ConclusionsThe AEP/VEP profile suggests disruptions in sensory processing specific to FXS that exceed immaturity of physiological activity. In addition, the auditory modality seems to be more affected than the visual modality. Results are discussed in light of possible underlying neuronal mechanisms, including deficits in synaptic pruning and neuronal inhibition that might account for a hyperreactive nervous system in FXS.
Holocene development of maritime ombrotrophic peatlands of the St. Lawrence North Shore in eastern Canada
Authors: Magnan Gabriel , Garneau Michelle , Payette Serge 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMacrofossil analyses were used to reconstruct long-term vegetation successions within ombrotrophic peatlands (bogs) from the northern shorelines of the St. Lawrence Estuary (Baie-Comeau) and the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Havre-St-Pierre). Over the Holocene, the timing and the ecological context of peatland inception were similar in both regions and were mainly influenced by fluctuations in relative sea level. Peat accumulation started over deltaic sands after the withdrawal of the Goldthwait Sea from 7500 cal yr BP and above silt–clay deposits left by the Laurentian marine transgression after 4200 cal yr BP. In each region, the early vegetation communities were similar within these two edaphic contexts where poor fens with Cyperaceae and eastern larch (Larix laricina) established after land emergence. The rapid transitions to ombrotrophy in the peatlands of Baie-Comeau are associated with particularly high rates of peat accumulation during the early developmental stage. The results suggest that climate was more propitious to Sphagnum growth after land emergence in the Baie-Comeau area. Macrofossil data show that treeless Sphagnum-dominated bogs have persisted over millennia and that fires had few impacts on the vegetation dynamics. This study provides insight into peatland vegetation responses to climate in a poorly documented region of northeastern America.
Transparency and Financing Choices of Family Firms
Authors: Chen Tai-Yuan , Dasgupta Sudipto , Yu Yangxin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWhile recent literature documents that U.S. family firms differ markedly from their nonfamily counterparts, there is a paucity of evidence on how these firms differ in terms of their cost of capital or financial structure. In this paper, we show that family and nonfamily firms differ in their debt maturity and leverage ratios in a manner consistent with the higher expropriation potential of family firms. Moreover, while more transparency causes both family and nonfamily firms to increase the maturity structure of their debt and reduce leverage ratios, the effects are stronger for family firms.
Role of the lymnaeid snailPseudosuccinea columellain the transmission of the liver flukeFasciola hepaticain Egypt
Authors: Dar Y. , Vignoles P. , Rondelaud D. , Dreyfuss G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractExperimental infections of three EgyptianPseudosuccinea columellapopulations with sympatric miracidia ofFasciolasp., coming from cattle- or sheep-collected eggs, were carried out to determine the capacity of this lymnaeid to support larval development of the parasite. Using microsatellite markers, the isolates of Egyptian miracidia were identified asFasciola hepatica. Apart from being independent of snail origin, prevalences ranging from 60.4 to 75.5% in snails infected with five miracidia ofF. hepaticawere significantly higher than values of 30.4 to 42.2% in snails with bi-miracidial infections. The number of metacercariae ranged from 243 to 472 per cercarial-shedding snail and was independent of snail origin, parasite origin and miracidial dose used for infection. IfP. columellawas subjected to two successive bi-miracidial infections withF. hepatica, prevalence of infection was 63.3%, with a mean of 311 metacercariae per snail. These values were clearly greater than those already reported forRadix natalensisinfected with the same parasite and the same protocol. Successful experimental infection ofP. columellawithF. hepaticasuggests that this lymnaeid snail is an important intermediate host for the transmission of fascioliasis in Egypt.
Land use change trajectories, conservation status and social importance of dry forests in Nicaragua
Authors: RAVERA FEDERICA , TARRASÓN DAVID , ESPELTA JOSEP MARÍA 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYInterdisciplinary studies have proved the interconnectedness of history and ecology relevant to forest conservation proposals and management policies. Engaging local views and concerns in the evaluation and monitoring process can lead to more robust knowledge in the pursuit of effective conservation. This study aimed to assess the degree to which land use change trajectories influence the state of tropical dry forest conservation, as evaluated by scientists and local people. Focusing on northern Nicaragua, the research identified three historical trajectories for types and magnitude of forest disturbance. The assessment process included inventorying sites under different trajectories and integrating ecological and social indicators (namely local perceptions of biodiversity value and concern over species threat). The different land use change trajectories had no influence on the present structure of the dry forest, but strongly affected species diversity, composition and their social importance. The study provided evidence of positive species selection by farmers, which suggested a feedback loop between ecological conditions, social value and awareness of conservation.
Seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in southeastern China and analysis of risk factors
Authors: SUN J. M. , ZHANG Y.J. , GONG Z. Y. , ZHANG L. , LV H. K. , LIN J. F. , CHAI C. L. , LING F. , LIU S. L. , GU S. P. , ZHU Z. H. , ZHENG X. H. , LAN Y. Q. , DING F. , HUANG W. Z. , XU J. R. , CHEN E. F. , JIANG J. M. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) has been prevalent for some time in China and it was first identified in 2010. However, the seroprevalence of SFTSV in the general population in southeastern China and risk factors associated with the infection are currently unclear. Blood samples were collected from seven counties across Zhejiang province and tested for the presence of SFTSV-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. A total of 1380 blood samples were collected of which 5·51% were seropositive for SFTSV with seroprevalence varying significantly between sites. Seroprevalence of SFTSV in people who were family members of the patient, lived in the same village as the patient, or lived in a different village than the patient varied significantly. There was significant difference in seroprevalence between participants who bred domestic animals and participants who did not. Domestic animals are probably potential reservoir hosts and contact with domestic animals may be a transmission route of SFTSV.
Bioethics in Denmark
Authors: NIELSEN MORTEN EBBE JUUL , ANDERSEN MARTIN MARCHMAN 
Published: May 2014

Abstract:This article examines two current debates in Denmark—assisted suicide and the prioritization of health resources—and proposes that such controversial bioethical issues call for distinct philosophical analyses: first-order examinations, or an applied philosophy approach, and second-order examinations, what might be called a political philosophical approach. The authors argue that although first-order examination plays an important role in teasing out different moral points of view, in contemporary democratic societies, few, if any, bioethical questions can be resolved satisfactorily by means of first-order analyses alone, and that bioethics needs to engage more closely with second-order enquiries and the question of legitimacy in general.
Documentation of Capacity and Identification of Substitute Decisionmakers in Ontario
Authors: FOREMAN THOMAS C. , CURRAN DOROTHYANN , LANDRY JOSHUA T. , KEKEWICH MICHAEL A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract:Documenting capacity assessments and identifying substitute decisionmakers (SDMs) in healthcare facilities is ethically required for optimal patient care. Lack of such documentation has the potential to generate confusion and contention among patients, their family members, and members of the healthcare team. An overview of our research at the Ottawa Hospital and issues that influence the consistency of documentation in the Canadian context are presented here, as well as ideas for the mitigation of these issues and ways to encourage better documentation.
Translation and the British Colonial Mission: The Career of Samuel Turner Fearon and the Establishment of Chinese Studies at King's College, London
Authors: PUI KWAN UGANDA SZE 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe University of London was the first institution in the United Kingdom to establish a professorship in Chinese. Within a decade of the first half of the nineteenth century, two professorships in Chinese were created at its two colleges: the first at University College in 1837 and the second at King's College in 1847. Previous studies of British sinology have devoted sufficient attention to the establishment of the programme and the first Chinese professorship. However, despite the latter professorship being established by the same patron (Sir George Thomas Staunton; 1781–1859) during the same era as the former, the institutionalisation of the Chinese programme at King's College London seems to have been completely overlooked. If we consider British colonial policy and the mission of the Empire in the early nineteenth century, we are able to understand the strategic purpose served by the Chinese studies programme at King's and the special reason for its establishment at a crucial moment in the history of Sino-British relations. Examining it from this perspective, we reveal unresolved doubts concerning the selection and appointment of King's first Chinese professor. Unlike other inaugural Chinese professors appointed during the nineteenth century at other universities in the United Kingdom, the first Chinese professor at King’s, Samuel Turner Fearon (1819–1854), was not a sinophile. He did not translate any Chinese classics or other works. His inaugural lecture has not even survived. This is why sinologists have failed to conduct an in-depth study on Fearon and the genealogy of the Chinese programme at King’s. Nevertheless, Samuel Fearon did indeed play a very significant role in Sino-British relations due to his ability as an interpreter and his knowledge of China. He was not only an interpreter in the first Opium War (1839–1842) but was also a colonial civil servant and senior government official in British Hong Kong when the colonial government started to take shape after the war. This paper both re-examines his contribution during this “period of conflict and difficulty” in Sino-British relations and demonstrates the very nature of British sinology.