bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of mollusc assemblages to climate variability and anthropogenic activities: a 4000‐year record from a shallow bar‐built lagoon system
Authors: Cerrato Robert M. , LoCicero Philip V. , Goodbred Steven L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWith their position at the interface between land and ocean and their fragile nature, lagoons are sensitive to environmental change, and it is reasonable to expect these changes would be recorded in well‐preserved taxa such as molluscs. To test this, the 4000‐year history of molluscs in Great South Bay, a bar‐built lagoon, was reconstructed from 24 vibracores. Using x‐radiography to identify shell layers, faunal counts, shell condition, organic content, and sediment type were measured in 325 samples. Sample age was estimated by interpolating 40 radiocarbon dates. K‐means cluster analysis identified three molluscan assemblages, corresponding to sand‐associated and mud‐associated groups, and the third associated with inlet areas. Redundancy and regression tree analyses indicated that significant transitions from the sand‐associated to mud‐associated assemblage occurred over large portions of the bay about 650 and 294 years bp. The first date corresponds to the transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age; this change in climate reduced the frequency of strong storms, likely leading to reduced barrier island breaching, greater bay enclosure, and fine‐grained sediment accumulation. The second date marks the initiation of clear cutting by European settlers, an activity that would have increased runoff of fine‐grained material. The occurrence of the inlet assemblage in the western and eastern ends of the bay is consistent with a history of inlets in these areas, even though prior to Hurricane Sandy in 2012, no inlet was present in the eastern bay in almost 200 years. The mud dominant, Mulinia lateralis, is a bivalve often associated with environmental disturbances. Its increased frequency over the past 300 years suggests that disturbances are more common in the bay than in the past. Management activities maintaining the current barrier island state may be contributing to the sand‐mud transition and to the bay's susceptibility to disturbances.
Application of Taguchi Method for Characterization of Corrosion Behavior of TiO2 Coating Prepared by Sol‐Gel Dipping Technique
Authors: Naghibi Sanaz , Jamshidi Amin , Torabi Omid , Kahrizsangi Reza E. 
Published: May 2013

Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticle coatings were deposited on the 316L stainless steel substrates by sol‐gel method. The morphology, structure, and corrosion resistance of the coating were analyzed using SEM, AFM, X‐ray diffraction, and electrochemical techniques. The deposition parameters employed to realize the anticorrosion performance including calcinations temperature, polyethylene glycol (PEG) content, pH value, and number of dipping cycles were investigated. Taguchi statistical experiments were carried out to determine the influence of the deposition variables on anticorrosion properties and optimal conditions. The results indicated that a higher anticorrosion performance of TiO2 films could be achieved using 1 g of PEG in a sol with pH in range of 7–9, six cycles of dipping, and calcination temperature at 400°C. The Tafel polarization measurements indicate that icorr value decreases about 200 times and the Rcorr value increases around 57 times compared with uncoated 316L stainless steel.
Estimation of Activation Energies for Sintering 8 mol % Yttria‐Zirconia Using Conventional and Microwave Heating
Authors: Thridandapani Raghunath R. , Folz Diane C. , Clark David E. 
Published: May 2013

The activation energies were estimated for conventional and microwave sintering of Zirconia‐8 mol% Yttria (8YZ). The results were analyzed to explain the mechanisms responsible for enhancing flux/mass transport during microwave sintering. The activation energies were evaluated using isothermal and nonisothermal methods. The nonisothermal sintering resulted in higher values of activation energies, as compared to isothermal methods. This behavior may be due to the presence of more than one type of diffusion mechanism dominating throughout the process. The nonisothermal method represented activation energy values close to a single densification mechanism (either volume or grain boundary diffusion). A value of 500 ± 25 kJ/mol was observed for nonisothermal sintering of 8YZ with conventional heating. This value was close to the volume diffusion of Zr ion (500 kJ/mol). The microwave sintering (using nonisothermal method) resulted in activation energy values of 200 ± 27 kJ/mol, a value close to the grain boundary diffusion of the Zr ion.
Prognostic impact of preoperative hematological disorders and a risk stratification model in bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy
Authors: Sejima Takehiro , Morizane Shuichi , Yao Akihisa , Isoyama Tadahiro , Saito Motoaki , Amisaki Takashi , Koumi Tsutomu , Takenaka Atsushi 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesThe present study investigated prognostic indicators, including clinicopathological and preoperative hematological factors, and developed a prognostic factor‐based risk stratification model in bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy.MethodsData were collected from 249 consecutive bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy without neoadjuvant therapy. Prognostic values of the preoperative hematological parameters, along with the patients' clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. A risk stratification model was developed to predict disease‐specific survival after radical cystectomy using the regression coefficients of multivariate analysis.ResultsIn the multivariate analysis, preoperative hemoglobin and C‐reactive protein levels, as well as the pathological factors of T stage, positive surgical margin and lymph node metastasis, were independently predictive of disease‐specific survival. Low hemoglobin (<10.5 g/dL), a high C‐reactive protein (>0.5 mg/dL), extravesical T stage (≥pT3a) and positive surgical margin were independent predictors of poor disease‐specific survival. The risk stratification model showed significant differences in disease‐specific survival between the three subgroups.ConclusionsThis is the first report to show the significance of combining preoperative hemoglobin with the pathology of radical cystectomy specimens as an independent predictor for disease‐specific survival, and it also represents the largest contemporary series to date demonstrating that two types of preoperative hematological disorders, assessed by hemoglobin and C‐reactive protein, are independent predictors in bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy. Our risk stratification model could provide physicians with useful prognostic information for identifying patients who might be candidates for multimodal treatments.
Wound assessment tools and nurses' needs: an evaluation study
Authors: Greatrex‐White Sheila , Moxey Helen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to ascertain how well different wound assessment tools meet the needs of nurses in carrying out general wound assessment and whether current tools are fit for purpose. The methodology employed was evaluation research. In order to conduct the evaluation, a literature review was undertaken to identify the criteria of an optimal wound assessment tool which would meet nurses' needs. Several freely available wound assessment tools were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria and an audit tool was developed to evaluate the selected tools based on how well they met the criteria of the optimal wound assessment tool. The results provide a measure of how well the selected wound assessment tools meet the criteria of the optimal wound assessment tool. No tool was identified which fulfilled all the criteria, but two (the Applied Wound Management tool and the National Wound Assessment Form) met the most criteria of the optimal tool and were therefore considered to best meet nurses' needs in wound assessment. The study provides a mechanism for the appraisal of wound assessment tools using a set of optimal criteria which could aid practitioners in their search for the best wound assessment tool.
Fish larval nutrition and feed formulation: knowledge gaps and bottlenecks for advances in larval rearing
Authors: Hamre Kristin , Yúfera Manuel , Rønnestad Ivar , Boglione Clara , Conceição Luis E. C. , Izquierdo Marisol 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDespite considerable progress in recent years, many questions regarding fish larval nutrition remain largely unanswered, and several research avenues remain open. A holistic understanding of the supply line of nutrients is important for developing diets for use in larval culture and for the adaptation of rearing conditions that meet the larval requirements for the optimal presentation of food organisms and/or microdiets. The aim of the present review is to revise the state of the art and to pinpoint the gaps in knowledge regarding larval nutritional requirements, the nutritional value of live feeds and challenges and opportunities in the development of formulated larval diets.
Material and Elastic Properties ofAl‐Tobermorite in Ancient Roman Seawater Concrete
Authors: Jackson Marie D. , Moon Juhyuk , Gotti Emanuele , Taylor Rae , Chae Sejung R. , Kunz Martin , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Meral Cagla , Guttmann Peter , Levitz Pierre , Wenk Hans‐Rudolf , Monteiro Paulo J. M. 
Published: May 2013

The material characteristics and elastic properties of aluminum‐substituted 11 Å tobermorite in the relict lime clasts of 2000‐year‐old Roman seawater harbor concrete are described withTG‐DSCand29SiMAS NMRstudies, along with nanoscale tomography,X‐ray microdiffraction, and high‐pressureX‐ray diffraction synchrotron radiation applications. The crystals have aluminum substitution for silicon in tetrahedral bridging and branching sites and 11.49(3) Å interlayer (002) spacing. With prolonged heating to 350°C, the crystals exhibit normal behavior. The experimentally measured isothermal bulk modulus at zero pressure,K0, 55 ±5 GPa, is less thanab initioand molecular dynamics models for ideal tobermorite with a double‐silicate chain structure. Even so,K0, is substantially higher than calcium‐aluminum‐silicate‐hydrate binder (C–A–S–H) in slag concrete. Based on nanoscale tomographic study, the crystal clusters form a well connected solid, despite having about 52% porosity. In the pumiceous cementitious matrix, Al‐tobermorite with 11.27 Å interlayer spacing is locally associated with phillipsite, similar to geologic occurrences in basaltic tephra. The ancient concretes provide a sustainable prototype for producing Al‐tobermorite in high‐performance concretes with natural volcanic pozzolans.
SULT1A1 gene deletion in BRCA2‐associated male breast cancer: a link between genes and environmental exposures?
Authors: Palli Domenico , Rizzolo Piera , Zanna Ines , Silvestri Valentina , Saieva Calogero , Falchetti Mario , Navazio Anna Sara , Graziano Veronica , Masala Giovanna , Bianchi Simonetta , Russo Antonio , Tommasi Stefania , Ottini Laura 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSULT1A1, a member of sulfotransferase superfamily, is a drug and hormone metabolizing enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of potential mammary carcinogens of endogenous and exogenous origin. Interestingly, the metabolic activity of SULT1A1 can be affected by variations in gene copy number. Male Breast Cancer (MBC) is a rare disease and less investigated disease compared to female BC (FBC). As in FBC, the concurrent effects of genetic risk factors, particularly BRCA2 mutations, increased exposure to estrogens and environmental carcinogens play a relevant role in MBC. By quantitative real‐time PCR with TaqMan probes, we investigated the presence of SULT1A1 gene copy number variations (CNVs) in a series of 72 MBCs. SULT1A1 gene deletion was observed in 10 of the 72 MBCs (13.9%). In a multivariate analysis association between BRCA2 mutation and SULT1A1 gene deletion emerged (p = 0.0005). Based on the evidence that the level of SULT1A1 enzyme activity is correlated with CNV, our data suggest that in male breast tumors SULT1A1 activity may be decreased. Thus, it can be hypothesized that in a proportion of MBCs, particularly in BRCA2‐associated MBCs, the level of estrogens and environmental carcinogens exposure might be increased suggesting a link between gene and environmental exposure in the pathogenesis of MBC.
The relationship of individual characteristics, perceived worksite support and perceived creativity to clinical nurses' innovative outcome
Authors: Tsai Hsiu‐Min , Liou Shwu‐Ru , Hsiao Ya‐Chu , Cheng Ching‐Yu 
Published: May 2013

Aims and objectivesTo understand the relationship of individual characteristics, perceived worksite support and perceived personal creativity to clinical nurses' innovative outcome (receiving the Nursing Innovation Award).BackgroundSince the idea of applying creativity and innovation to clinical nursing practice and management was first advocated in the Nursing Administration Quarterly in 1982, the topic of nursing innovation has gained worldwide attention. To increase the prevalence of nursing innovation, it is important to identify and understand the related factors that influence nurses' innovative outcome.DesignThis study used a cross‐sectional descriptive survey design.MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire was completed by 32 award winners and 506 nonawarded clinical nurses in Taiwan.ResultsThe level of creativity perceived by all participants was moderate‐to‐high. Individual characteristics (r = 0·61) and worksite support (r = 0·27) were both correlated with perceived creativity. Individual characteristics and worksite support showed some correlation as well (r = 0·21). Individual characteristics and worksite support could predict perceived creativity after controlling for demographic variables, but only individual characteristics had an effect on innovative outcome. Perceived creativity did not have mediation effects either between individual characteristics and innovative outcome or between worksite support and innovative outcome.ConclusionsClinical nurses' individual characteristics had a direct relationship to innovative outcome, whereas neither worksite support nor creativity was correlated with innovative outcome. Although worksite support did not show effects on innovative outcome, it was related to both perceived creativity and individual characteristics. As suggested by other scholars, there might be other related factors between creativity and innovative outcome.Relevance to clinical practiceAlthough worksite support did not have effect on clinical nurses' innovative outcome, it was related to individual characteristics. Hospital administrators or nursing directors can foster a supportive environment where creative nurses would be more likely to work and engage in innovative activities.
Empire and After: Toward a Framework for Comparing Empires and Their Consequences in the Post‐Imperial Middle East and Central Asia
Authors: Cummings Sally , Hinnebusch Raymond 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article compares and contrasts the variations in paths from empire to sovereignty in the Middle East and Central Asia. We identify differences in empires and their impact; examine the drivers of transition from empire to sovereignty, the international system and nationalist mobilization; assess the consequences of imperial transmissions for state formation and nation‐building; and link these factors to the degree of rupture with empire in the post‐imperial period.
How does job insecurity relate to self‐reported job performance? Analysing curvilinear associations in a longitudinal sample
Authors: Selenko Eva , Mäkikangas Anne , Mauno Saija , Kinnunen Ulla 
Published: May 2013

The study focuses on the relationship between job insecurity and self‐reported job performance. Based on theoretical, empirical, and statistical arguments, we propose that this relationship is U‐shaped and mediated by vigour at work. This assumption was tested cross‐sectionally and across two measurement points, and against two alternative explanations, namely that the U‐shaped relationship might be due to the influence of the moderators optimism and supervisory support. The findings of a study among a large group of job‐insecure employees of two Finish universities (n = 2,095) confirm the U‐shaped effect of job insecurity on self‐reported job performance. This effect was shown to be robust against the moderating influence of optimism and supervisory support and was partially explained by decreased vigour. The inclusion of a second data wave indicated that job insecurity predicted job performance 1 year later also in a U‐shaped form (n = 1,289). Overall, the results suggest that taking quadratic effects into account adds to the understanding of the relationship between job insecurity and self‐reported job performance.Practitioner points

The study reveals that the relationship between job insecurity, vigour, and self‐reported performance is slightly U‐shaped.

At lower to moderate degrees of intensity, job insecurity is negatively related to self‐reported job performance, whereas at higher degrees, the effect is less negative.

The U‐shaped effect can partly be explained by vigour: at low and high degrees of job insecurity, vigour is slightly less impaired than at moderate degrees. The study does not indicate that job insecurity is a motivator in the workplace.
Yersinia intussusception: Case report and review
Authors: May Austin N , Piper Susan M , Boutlis Craig S 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntussusception is a recognised paediatric presentation in emergency department and primary care settings. The aetiology of intussusception is multifactorial and largely unknown but includes infection in some cases. Yersinia has been the most frequently cited bacterial association in children. Identifying Yersinia affects the role and choice of antibiotics in a child's treatment regimen. This article reports on Australia's first proven case of Yersinia enterocolitica intussusception, and reviews the clinical epidemiology of all known reported cases world‐wide.
Reducing newborn mortality in the Asia–Pacific region: Quality hospital services and community‐based care
Authors: Milner Kate M , Duke Trevor , Bucens Ingrid 
Published: May 2013

AbstractImproving newborn health and survival is an essential part of progression toward Millennium Development Goal 4 in the World Health Organization Western Pacific and South East Asian regions. Both community and facility‐based services are required. Strategies to improve the quality of care provided for newborns in health clinics and district‐ and referral‐level hospitals have been relatively neglected in most countries in the region and in the published literature. Indirect historical evidence suggests that improving facility‐based care will be an increasing priority for improving newborn survival in Asia and the Pacific as newborn mortality rates decrease and health systems contexts change. There are deficiencies in many aspects of newborn care, including immediate care and care for seriously ill newborns, which contribute substantially to regional newborn morbidity and mortality. We propose a practical quality improvement approach, based on models and standards of newborn care for primary‐, district‐ and referral‐level heath facilities and incorporated within existing maternal, newborn and child health programmes. There are examples where such approaches are being used effectively. There is a need to produce more nurses, community health workers and doctors with skills in care of the well and the sick newborn, and there are World Health Organization models of training to support this, including guidelines on emergency obstetric and newborn care and the Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children. There are also simple data collection and analysis programmes that can assist in auditing outcomes, problem identification and health services planning. Finally, with increased survival rates there are gaps in follow‐up care for newborns at high risk of long‐term health and developmental impairments, and addressing this will be necessary to ensure optimal developmental and health outcomes for these children.
The diatom genus Pseudo‐nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) in New South Wales, Australia: morphotaxonomy, molecular phylogeny, toxicity, and distribution
Authors: Ajani Penelope , Murray Shauna , Hallegraeff Gustaaf , Lundholm Nina , Gillings Michael , Brett Steve , Armand Leanne 
Published: May 2013

Species belonging to the potentially harmful diatom genus Pseudo‐nitzschia, isolated from 16 localities (31 sampling events) in the coastal waters of south‐eastern Australia, were examined. Clonal isolates were characterized by (i) light and transmission electron microscopy; (ii) phylogenies, based on sequencing of nuclear‐encoded ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) regions and, (iii) domoic acid (DA) production as measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Ten taxa were unequivocally confirmed as Pseudo‐nitzschia americana, P. arenysensis, P. calliantha, P. cuspidata, P. fraudulenta, P. hasleana, P. micropora, P. multiseries, P. multistriata, and P. pungens. An updated taxonomic key for south‐eastern Australian Pseudo‐nitzschia is presented. The occurrence of two toxigenic species, P. multistriata (maximum concentration 11 pg DA per cell) and P. cuspidata (25.4 pg DA per cell), was documented for the first time in Australia. The Australian strains of P. multiseries, a consistent producer of DA in strains throughout the world, were nontoxic. Data from 5,888 water samples, collected from 31 oyster‐growing estuaries (2,000 km coastline) from 2005 to 2009, revealed 310 regulatory exceedances for “Total Pseudo‐nitzschia,” resulting in six toxic episodes. Further examination of high‐risk estuaries revealed that the “P. seriata group” had highest cell densities in the austral summer, autumn, or spring (species dependent), and lowest cell densities in the austral winter, while the “P. delicatissima group” had highest in winter and spring.
Efficacy and safety of cimicoxib in the control of perioperative pain in dogs
Authors: Grandemange E. , Fournel S. , Woehrlé F. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy and safety of cimicoxib (Cimalgex®; VétoquinolSA) for the control of perioperative pain in dogs.MethodsA double‐blind, randomized, controlled multi‐centre field study was conducted in 237 dogs undergoing orthopaedic or soft tissue surgery. Pain was monitored by the attending veterinarian over the 7 days following the surgical procedure using two pain‐scoring systems and a visual analogue scale. An enhanced monitoring protocol for postoperative pain was utilized during the first 24 hours after surgery. The dog owner's assessment of perceived analgesia during this time period was also recorded.ResultsCimicoxib demonstrated statistically significant non‐inferiority compared to carprofen. These findings were confirmed by owners’ assessments and by the evolution of the pain scores. Both drugs were well tolerated throughout the study.Clinical SignificanceCimicoxib had non‐inferior efficacy and tolerability when compared to carprofen for the control of perioperative pain in dogs undergoing orthopaedic or soft tissue surgery.