bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Testing in Myelodysplastic Syndromes for the Practicing Oncologist: Will the Progress Fulfill the Promise?
Authors: Nazha Aziz , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Gore Steven D. , Zeidan Amer M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous hematopoietic neoplasms that are driven by somatically acquired genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations. Accurate risk stratification is essential for delivery of risk-adaptive therapeutic interventions. The current prognostic tools sum the impact of clinical, pathologic, and laboratory parameters. Newer technologies with next-generation targeted deep sequencing and whole-genome and -exome sequencing have identified several recurrent mutations that play a vital role in the pathophysiology of MDS and the impact of these genetic changes on disease phenotype. Equally important, well-annotated databases of MDS patients with paired clinicopathologic and genetic data have enabled better understanding of the independent prognostic impact of several molecular mutations on important clinical endpoints such as overall survival and probability of leukemic progression. Cumulative evidence suggests that genomic data can also be used clinically to aid with the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of response to specific therapies, and the development of novel and rationally targeted therapies. However, the optimal use of this mutational profiling remains a work in progress and currently there is no standard set of genes or techniques that are recommended for routine use in the clinic. In this review, we discuss the genomic revolution and its impact on our understanding of MDS biology and risk stratification. We also discuss the current role and the challenges of the application of genetic mutational data into daily clinical practice and how future research could help improve the prognostication precision and specific therapy selection for patients with MDS.

Implications for Practice:
Heterogeneity in clinical outcomes of MDS is partly related to interpatient variability of recurrent somatic mutations that drive disease phenotype and progression. Although clinical risk stratification tools have functioned well in prognostication for patients with MDS, their ability to predict clinical benefits of specific MDS therapies is limited. Molecular testing shows promise in aiding diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapy-specific benefit prediction for MDS patients. Nonetheless, logistical issues related to assay performance standardization, validation, interpretation, and development of guidelines for how to use the results to inform clinical decisions are yet to be resolved.
EVALUACIÓN DEL CURRÍCULO FLEXIBLE POR COMPETENCIA SEGÚN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL ALTIPLANO PUNO
Authors: TIPULA MAMANI FRANCISCO MARINO , TAPIA CCALLO VILMA VALERIA 
Published: July 2015

<h4 class="text-primary">Resumen</h4><p style="text-align: justify;">El propósito del estudio fue Evaluar la satisfacción o insatisfacción del Currículo Flexible por Competencia según la opinión de los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano- Puno. Los elementos evaluados del currículo flexible fueron: el perfil profesional, horas en las áreas de formación, horas teóricas y prácticas, estrategias de enseñanza, evaluaciones, elección de contenido y fechas de evaluación. La investigación nace como consecuencia de una necesidad de cambiar el modelo tradicional de enseñanza, que prioriza el conocimiento enciclopédico, con metodologías que premian la memoria más que los proyectos que permita la resolución de problemas de la vida profesional. El marco teórico se propone de acuerdo con Díaz (2007) replantear la flexibilidad y las competencias en sentido institucional del trabajo académico y administrativo para una formación flexible, con una nueva ética del trabajo y la vida personal, con apertura, equidad, inclusión que generen mayores oportunidades de formación. El estudio es de tipo cuantitativo con un diseño descriptico-diagnóstico, se aplicó un cuestionario a muestra de 693 estudiantes de Educación, Economía y Medicina. Se concluyó que el 47% los estudiantes conocen el perfil; desean más horas en el áreas de especialización; desarrollan más horas teóricas que horas prácticas; insatisfacción con la estrategia de enseñanza y con aplicación de los exámenes.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Palabras claves: evaluación, currículo, currículo flexible y competencias.</p>
PERFIL DE ÁCIDOS GRASOS EN GRANOS TRES CULTIVARES DE QUINUA (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) SOMETIDOS A TRES TIPOS DE PROCESAMIENTO
Authors: LARICO VERA JUAN 
Published: July 2015

<p>Granos perlados de tres cultivares de quinua, Pasankalla, Negra Collana y Salcedo INIA, fueron sometidos a tres procesos de transformación: cocción húmeda /(CH), expandido por explosión (EPE) y cocción por extrusión (CPE). El contenido de ácidos grasos en los productos transformados yen granos perlados no procesados fueron obtenidos con el método de cromatografía de gases. En granos perlados sin procesar, el porcentaje de ácidos grasos saturados fue en promedio 12.93% mientras que los ácidos grasos esenciales en los tres cultivares se mostraron dentro de los rangos esperados, con pocas excepciones. Los procesos de transformación no han causado los mismos efectos en los contenidos de ácidos grasos esenciales, ni ha sido el mismo efecto en los tres cultivares. En Salcedo INIA, el contenido de ácido oleico ha sido favorecido por el EPE y CPE, mientras que los contenidos de ácido linoleico y ácido linolénico fueron desfavorecidos. El ácido araquidónico fue sustancialmente desfavorecido por el EPE. En el cultivar Negra Collana el contenido del ácido oleico ha sido desfavorecido, mientras que los contenidos de los ácidos linoleico y linolénico fueron favorecidos y el ácido araquidónico fue sustancialmente desfavorecido por el EPE. En Pasankalla, los contenidos de ácidos oleico, linolénico y araquidónico se mostraron favorecidos, mientras que el contenido del ácido linoleico no fue favorecido.</p><p><strong>PALABRAS CLAVE: * </strong><em>Chenopodium </em>* quinua * ácidos grasos * procesamiento</p>
Estudo de caso de três espécies de plantas bioindicadoras de solos salinos
Authors: Carvalho Mercia Fonseca , El-Deir Soraya Giovanetti , Corrêa Marcus Metri , Carvalho Gian Carlo 
Published: July 2015

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Bioindicadores, de uma maneira geral, são seres vivos de natureza diversa, vegetais ou animais, utilizados para analisar a qualidade de um determinado ambiente. A degradação ambiental do solo pela salinidade é um problema muito antigo e de extensão mundial, geralmente, mais pronunciado nas regiões áridas e semi-áridas. As plantas que se desenvolvem em áreas com elevadas concentrações de sais são chamadas de halófitas, e algumas delas são usadas na recuperar desses solos. O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar três espécies de plantas resistentes ao estresse salino gerar recomendações a respeito das mesmas, disponibilizando uma indicação de espécie que possa recuperar o ambiente salinizado. Foram selecionadas aleatoriamente três espécies de plantas resistentes a salinidade <em>Copernicia prunifera, Atriplex nummularia </em>L. e <em>Gossypium hirsutum </em><span style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">L, </span>as mesmas foram analisados por uma planilha com características que identificam um bioindicador ideal e em seguida as espécies foram avaliadas de acordo com sua fisiologia e etiologia. Embora as propriedades da espécie <em>A. nummularia</em> tenha se destacado por recuperar os solos salinizados a espécie <em>Copernicia prunifera </em>foi considerada como um bioindicador ideal. Recomendam-se ainda estudos mais aprofundados acerca desse assunto.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Case study of three species of saline soil bioindicators</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Bioindicators, in general, living organisms are diverse in nature, plant or animal used to assess the quality of a given environment. Environmental degradation by soil salinity is a very old problem and expanse world generally more pronounced in arid and semi-arid regions. Plants that thrive in areas with high concentrations of salts are called halophytes, and some of them are used in recovering these soils. The aim of this work is to analyze three species of plants resistant to salt stress generate recommendations regarding the same, providing an indication of species that can restore the environment salinized. Randomly selected three species of plants resistant to salinity <em>Copernicia prunifera</em>, <em>Atriplex nummularia</em> L. and <em>Gossypium hirsutum</em> L, they were analyzed by a spreadsheet with characteristics that identify an ideal bioindicator species were then evaluated according to their physiology and etiology. Although the properties of <em>A. nummularia</em> has been highlighted by the recovery of soil salinized species <em>Copernicia prunifera</em> was considered as an ideal biomarker. Recommend to still further studies on this subject.<strong></strong></p><p> </p>
Response of maize to liming and phosphorus fertilization with emphasis on weather properties effects
Authors: Komljenovic Ilija , Markovic Mihajlo , Djurasinovic Goran , Kovacevic Vlado 
Published: July 2015

The field experiment of liming (0 and 10 t ha-1 of powdered hydrated lime) and phosphorus (P) fertilization (monoammonium phosphate or MAP: 12% N + 52% P2O5) started in autumn 2008 on acid soil of Laktasi municipality (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Three doses of P (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 kg P2O5 ha-1) on ordinary fertilization were applied. The experiment was conducted in four replicates. Basic plots of liming and P fertilization were 640 m2 and 40 m2, respectively. Maize was grown in monoculture. Under drought stress of 2011 and 2012 yields were considerably lower (mean 3.86 t ha-1) than in the remaining two years (mean 9.20 t ha-1). As affected by drought and high air-temperature, particularly in August, the 2012 growing season was especially unfavorable for maize growth because mean yield in the experiment was only 2.06 t ha-1 or 22% of yield realized in the 2010 growing season. As affected by liming yield of maize was increased by 31% (4-year mean), while P effect was considerably lower (6.14 and 6.65 t ha-1, for the control and average of ameliorative P treatments, respectively).
Estimation Of Net Pay In Unconventional Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Fekete Paul , Dosunmu Adewale , Ekpedekumo Richard , Ayala Daniel , Bovwe Ediri , Ajiduah Sitamai 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The confidence and the ability to predict reserves more accurately play an important role in developing a reservoir (conventional and unconventional). The role of Net Pay is very important in unconventional volumetric calculation of hydrocarbon resources, a practice that strengthens the relative worth of the Petroleum Industry. However, the estimation of resources has no universal definition of the concept neither is there a widely accepted procedure or methodology for its determination and incorporation. In unconventional reservoirs, these shortcomings become even more glaring where there is scarcity of reservoir data for assessing the storage properties of reservoir rocks and flow behavior. In improving the current situation of estimating Net pay in unconventional reservoirs, an assessment of the concept (Net Pay) together with contemporary method of determining it was carried with the aim of determining its application to Unconventional Gas Reservoir (UGR). In this paper an integrated rock typing approach is proposed as an alternative method of assessing reservoir quality for unconventional gas reservoirs that exhibit significant deviations for the Archie Criteria or Formula termed “problematic Reservoirs” by Worthington (2011).
Analyzing Lateral and Torsional Vibrations Models and Their Effect on Drilling Efficiency Using PDC Bits in Directional and Multilateral Wells
Authors: Odesa David E. , Dosunmu Adewale 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Drillstring vibration is a complex and costly problem which when it occurs often results in damage to the drillstring, wear on tool joints and stabilizers and failures of MWD tools and BHA components, poor drilling efficiency and high NPT and adversely affect drilling efficiency (Fig. 1a & 1b). Drillstring vibrates as a result of load or displacement excitations applied at various locations and various frequencies. The primary causes of drillstring vibrations are bit/formation and drillstring/borehole interactions. Large vibration levels cause reduced rates of penetration and catastrophic failures while lower levels may lead to a reduced operating life over a sufficient time period. Figure 1aDrill collars failure in Okono-9 offshore Niger Delta due to PDC Bit Vibration. Courtesy: NPDC, 2013.Figure 1bExamples of PDC bit damage from backward whirl. Courtesy of Halliburton – Security DBS
The dynamic nature of drillstring creates a unique problem in vibration analysis. Due to problems related to torsional and lateral vibration, some systems and methods were developed over the years to either eliminate or reduce the problem. For instance, in trying to reduce torsional vibration, methods such as reducing the weight on bit, or changing the speed of the top drive were adopted. It appears to reduce torsional vibration but also resulted in a poor drilling rate. Researchers over the years have developed systems to prevent torsional vibration while still maintaining good drilling rate. However, they have shortfalls which at the time were not visible.
In this work, we considered that different drillstrings operate at varying rotary speeds and make different cutting impact with either the tricone bits or PDC bits when drilling directional wells. It depends on the natural frequency of the strings. The use of shocks subs does not provide a universal condition as shock subs are designed for one set of conditions. When the drilling environment changes, as it often does, shock subs become ineffective and often result in increased drilling vibrations, exacerbating the situation. Going forward, we analyzed previous models highlighting the shortfalls of the applicability. Also, we studied the effect of reduced WOB on Torsional vibration. The results though empirical were tested with field data.
Deep Offshore Petroleum Resource Developments in Nigeria: Challenges, Constraints and Outlook
Authors: Akinlawon Adeyemi J. , Iledare Omowumi O. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Nigeria's vision 20: 2020 targets reserves of 40 Billion Bbls of oil and production capacity of 4 Million Barrels of oil per day (Bopd) by the year 2020 for the oil and gas sector. It is expected that production from deep offshore will significantly contribute to realizing this vision. In 1993, the first set of deep offshore blocks was awarded, most of which were, to the International Oil Companies (IOCs). However, the first legislation on deep offshore development was the Deep Offshore and Inland Basin Production Sharing Contracts Decree No. 9 of 1999 (deemed to have come into effect 1st January 1993) and its amendment – Decree No. 26 of 1999. The legislation defined deep offshore as any water depth beyond 200 meters.
Forty-six deep offshore blocks were awarded between 1993 and 2007, when the last bidding round was completed. Sixty exploratory wells have been drilled leading to forty-two discoveries, about twenty per cent in commercial quantities. Though, only seven fields have been put on production at end of 2014. Final investment Decision (FID) was taken on one field (Egina field) in 2013, while FID is imminent for another field.
This paper evaluates deep offshore petroleum development activities in Nigeria and assesses the contributions of deep offshore production to Nigeria's aspiration to increase its reserves 40 Billion Barrrels and its production capacity to 4.0 Million barrels per day. Key challenges and constraints for offshore petroleum resource developments are reviewed and the outlook for Nigeria's deep offshore resource development is appraised.
The IOCs are expected to continue to dominate Nigeria's deep offshore petroleum operations, but some will seek to divest assets to reduce risked-capital exposure. As the commercial discoveries decrease in size and development costs increase, it is expected that operators will seek to increase exploratory activities to find additional reserves. Of course, one can expect finding costs per barrel to decline as a result of economy of scale and scope. The uncertainty of fiscal terms and instruments embodied in the Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) and the dwindling crude oil price, however, may delay the expansion of deep offshore developments in Nigeria.
Modeling and Simulation of Wellbore Hydraulics in Underbalanced Drilling
Authors: Adeboye Y. B. , Oyekunle L. O. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Underbalanced drilling (UBD) holds several important advantages over conventional drilling technology which include minimization of formation damage, faster penetration rate and evaluation of reservoir productivity during drilling. Among many aspects of the underbalanced drilling technology which remain poorly understood, is cuttings transport. An Analytical model to predict wellbore hydraulics in underbalanced drilling was developed and validated using experimental data. Model predictions agreed with experimental data with an average absolute deviation (AAD %) of 10.6.The study of wellbore hydraulics at down hole temperature between 72°C and 270°C using drilling mud revealed that increasing downhole temperature by about 200% caused decrease of 4psi and 48psi in annular pressure drop at 0.5gal/min and 9.8gal/min. respectively. Increasing wellbore diameter by 90% at the same flow rate caused decrease of 5psi and 26psi in annular pressure drop. Also, an increase of 400% in well depth caused 5,890psi and 5,780psi increased in annular pressure drop.
Performance Evaluation of Guar Gum as a Carrier Fluid for Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Ihejirika B. , Dosunmu A. , Eme C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This work was carried to study Guar gum as a Hydraulic Fracturing carrier fluid and also to look at how we can properly optimize the properties of the Guar gum to achieve a very efficient carrier fluid that will suspend proppant into the formation.The problems that necessitated the carrying out of this project was that over the years there has been failure in hydraulic fracturing operation due to shear degradation of Guar carrier fluid, high temperature denaturing of Guar carrier fluid and insoluble residue formation from Guar carrier fluid which may cause formation damage.These problems where studied using shear history simulator, high temperature and high pressure viscometer and also API RP39 procedure which gives the guideline for testing carrier fluid. It was established through this work that proper optimizing of the guar concentration can be used to control the shear degradation and temperature effect on the Guar carrier fluid. Also with the application of necessary additives, the Guar carried fluid can be used in a very high temperature formation.
Performance of Foriegn and Local Agents for Enhanced Oil Recovery of Nigerian Crude
Authors: Ogolo Naomi A. , Ogiriki Shadrach O. , Onyiri Victor I. , Nwosu Therisa C. , Onyekonwu Mike O. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Nigeria is gradually advancing into the secondary stage of oil recovery, necessitating preparation for tertiary oil recovery especially enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Considering the high cost of EOR agents, it is imperative to investigate the performance of available local EOR agents against foreign agents when these agents (such as surfactants and polymers) are used in combination. Oil displacement experiments were thus conducted using foreign and local surfactant-polymer (SP) and alkaline-polymer (AP) agents on Nigerian crude and their results were compared. The experiments entailed using different percentage ratios of surfactants to polymers and alkaline to polymer. Four kinds of Alkaline were also used to displace residual oil from sand to find out what type of alkaline displaces oil better.
The displacement efficiencies obtained from experimental results showed that the foreign EOR agents performed better than the local EOR agents. For the SP agents, the foreign SP displaced above 90% of both light and medium crude at about 45/55 percentage and 0/100 percentage respectively. The local SP displaced a maximum of about 35% of the light crude and 75% of medium crude at an SP ratio of about 20/80 for both cases. The use of Alkaline-Polymer results showed that the foreign agents performed better than the local agents. The maximum displacement efficiency of the foreign AP was 78.13% at a ratio of 40/60 while the maximum displacement efficiency of the local AP was 64% at a ratio of 60/40. The displacement of residual oil experiments performed using four kinds of alkaline showed that potassium hydroxide (KOH) enhances recovery better than NaOH, Na2CO3 and Palm bunch ash (a local source of alkaline). It was also observed that oil displacement efficiency increased as pH value of the alkaline increased.
Sand Consolidation Operations, Challenges and Remedy
Authors: Marfo S.A. , Appah D. , Joel O.F. , Ofori-Sarpong G. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Sand consolidation as a sand control method has been applied in the oil industry for nearly eight decades. Chemical sand consolidation has evolved since its first application in the early 1940s. Despite the failures recorded and its limitations in application in some oil and gas wells, this method has recorded some remarkable successes both as a primary and a remedial method of sand control in the petroleum industry. This paper presents the operation constraints in sand consolidation since its first use in the industry, the selection criteria and remedy. It also considers the types of resins which have been used over the years: highlights of sand consolidation methods in high clay content formations and the problem of long shut-in time for sufficient consolidation strength in reservoirs with either relatively low or high bottom-hole treatment temperatures. Moreover, recommendations on the way forward to manage these operational problems are elucidated.