bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Krankheitsbewältigung psychisch kranker Eltern und psychische Auffälligkeit ihrer Kinder im Fokus einer manualisierten Familienintervention
Authors: Wiegand-Grefe Silke , Cronemeyer Benjamin , Halverscheid Susanne , Redlich Alexander , Petermann Franz 
Published: December 2012

Hintergrund: Eine gelungene, angemessene Krankheitsbewältigung psychisch erkrankter Eltern wird als Resilienzfaktor für eine gesunde Entwicklung der Kinder betrachtet. Methode: In der vorliegenden Studie werden in einer Stichprobe von N = 53 Familien die Veränderungen in der Krankheitsbewältigung von psychisch kranken Eltern vor und nach ihrer Teilnahme an der manualisierten CHIMPs-Intervention im Vergleich zu einer Wartelistenkontrollgruppe, die Zusammenhänge zwischen ihrer Krankheitsbewältigung und der Gesundheit ihrer Kinder sowie die Zusammenhänge zwischen ihrer veränderten Krankheitsbewältigung und einer veränderten Gesundheit ihrer Kinder untersucht. Die Krankheitsbewältigung der Eltern wird mit dem Freiburger Fragebogen für Krankheitsverarbeitung (FKV-LIS, Muthny, 1989 ), die psychischen Auffälligkeiten der Kinder mit der Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL, Achenbach, 1991 ) gemessen. Ergebnisse. Im Ergebnis werden zwei elterliche Krankheitsbewältigungsstrategien (Ablenkung und Selbstaufbau, Bagatellisieren und Wunschdenken) positiv im Verlauf der Intervention beeinflusst. Zwei elterliche Krankheitsbewältigungsstrategien (aktives, problemorientiertes Coping und Religiosität und Sinnsuche) weisen Zusammenhänge zur Gesundheit der Kinder auf. Die Ergebnisse können als erste Hinweise für die Wirksamkeit der CHIMPs Intervention im Konstrukt der Krankheitsbewältigung gelten.
Development of a rapid genetic technique for the identification of clupeid larvae in the Western English Channel and investigation of mislabelling in processed fish products
Authors: Bréchon Amanda L. , Coombs Stephen H. , Sims David W. , Griffiths Andrew M. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Bréchon, A. L., Coombs S. H., Sims D. W., and Griffiths A. M. 2013. Development of a rapid genetic technique for the identification of clupeid larvae in the Western English Channel and investigation of mislabelling in processed fish products – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 399–407. A novel genetic technique, involving real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis was developed, which successfully identified four species of clupeid larvae from the Western English Channel and revealed the presence of herring (Clupea harengus). This was unexpected in a context of global warming as herring are at the southern limit of their range off southwest England, where the larvae are generally very rare. The application of the method in cases of degraded DNA, such as in processed fishery products, was also assessed, revealing a low level of misidentification or equivocal identity (8.3%). Eight-year-old formalin-preserved samples were also analysed successfully. This highlights the potentially broad applications for HRM-based approaches to species identification in marine science.
A Revealed Preference Ranking of U.S. Colleges and Universities
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Authors: Avery Christopher N. , Glickman Mark E. , Hoxby Caroline M. , Metrick Andrew 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
We present a method of ranking U.S. undergraduate programs based on students’ revealed preferences. When a student chooses a college among those that have admitted him, that college “wins” his “tournament.” Our method efficiently integrates the information from thousands of such tournaments. We implement the method using data from a national sample of high-achieving students. We demonstrate that this ranking method has strong theoretical properties, eliminating incentives for colleges to adopt strategic, inefficient admissions policies to improve their rankings. We also show empirically that our ranking is (1) not vulnerable to strategic manipulation; (2) similar regardless of whether we control for variables, such as net cost, that vary among a college’s admits; (3) similar regardless of whether we account for students selecting where to apply, including Early Decision. We exemplify multiple rankings for different types of students who have preferences that vary systematically.
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and risk of ovarian cancer: systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Baandrup Louise , Faber Mette T. , Christensen Jane , Jensen Allan , Andersen Klaus K. , Friis Søren , Kjær Susanne K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveSeveral observational studies have investigated the association between nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and ovarian cancer risk, but with conflicting results. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the association between NSAID use and ovarian cancer risk.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies published until September 2012.SettingStudies were identified from the PubMed database.PopulationFourteen case‐control and seven cohort studies were included.MethodsPooled relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for aspirin and non‐aspirin NSAIDs, separately, were calculated. Both fixed and random effect models were applied, but only random effect pooled RRs are presented. Risk estimates for invasive and borderline ovarian tumors combined and for invasive ovarian tumors only were calculated. Furthermore, heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated.Main outcome measuresOvarian cancer.ResultsIn the combined analysis, a slight inverse association between use of aspirin (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.84–1.02) and non‐aspirin NSAIDs (RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.84–1.06) and ovarian cancer risk was found, although it was not statistically significant. However, the risk of invasive ovarian cancer was significantly reduced with use of aspirin (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.79–0.98). A similar tendency was observed for non‐aspirin NSAIDs, but the results were not significant.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis showed a slight inverse association between NSAIDs and risk of ovarian cancer. However, data suggest that a chemopreventive effect of NSAIDs may be restricted to invasive ovarian tumors. Further research on NSAIDs and ovarian cancer is needed before definite conclusions can be drawn.
Deforestation Trends of Tropical Dry Forests in Central Brazil
Authors: Bianchi Carlos A. , Haig Susan M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTropical dry forests are the most threatened forest type in the world yet a paucity of research about them stymies development of appropriate conservation actions. The Paranã River Basin has the most significant dry forest formations in the Cerrado biome of central Brazil and is threatened by intense land conversion to pastures and agriculture. We examined changes in Paranã River Basin deforestation rates and fragmentation across three time intervals that covered 31 yr using Landsat imagery. Our results indicated a 66.3 percent decrease in forest extent between 1977 and 2008, with an annual rate of forest cover change of 3.5 percent. Landscape metrics further indicated severe forest loss and fragmentation, resulting in an increase in the number of fragments and reduction in patch sizes. Forest fragments in flatlands have virtually disappeared and the only significant forest remnants are mostly found over limestone outcrops in the eastern part of the basin. If current patterns persist, we project that these forests will likely disappear within 25 yr. These patterns may be reversed with creation of protected areas and involvement of local people to preserve small fragments that can be managed for restoration.
The Nature of Seedling Assemblages in a Fragmented Tropical Landscape: Implications for Forest Regeneration
Authors: Santo‐Silva Edgar E. , Almeida Wanessa R. , Melo Felipe P. L. , Zickel Carmen S. , Tabarelli Marcelo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWhether aging forest fragments are able to recover original assemblages or progressively move toward impoverished successional stages remains as an open question. This study tested the hypothesis that seedling assemblages in forest fragments differ from those across mature forest stands and examined to what extent the uncovered patterns supported the notion that edge‐affected habitats tend to support impoverished tree assemblages dominated by pioneer species. We contrasted a series of small forest remnants (3–91 ha) to old‐growth stands located in the largest (ca 3500 ha) and best preserved forest remnant in northeastern Brazil and found that tree seedling assemblages inhabiting forest fragments exhibited reduced species richness (up to 50%) at different spatial scales in comparison to seedling assemblages in mature forest and adult assemblages in both fragments and mature forest stands. Moreover, ordination analyses clearly segregated fragment seedling assemblages in taxonomic/functional terms and segregation correlated to the richness of pioneer species. Seedlings of pioneer species and those bearing medium‐sized seeds (0.6–1.5 cm) increased in fragments, whereas large‐seeded species (1.5–3.0 cm) were reduced by more than a half. Such a multiple‐scale replacement of the old‐growth flora by pioneers was also confirmed by an indicator species analysis and the resulting pioneer indicator species. Our results suggest that small forest fragments support impoverished and distorted seedling assemblages. This floristic/functional drift implies that forest remnants or edge‐affected habitats tend to be dominated by a small set of pioneer tree species rather than supporting a substantial portion of the old‐growth flora as do mature forest stands.
Mammal Abundances and Seed Traits Control the Seed Dispersal and Predation Roles of Terrestrial Mammals in a Costa Rican Forest
Authors: Kuprewicz Erin K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn Neotropical forests, mammals act as seed dispersers and predators. To prevent seed predation and promote dispersal, seeds exhibit physical or chemical defenses. Collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) cannot eat some hard seeds, but can digest chemically defended seeds. Central American agoutis (Dasyprocta punctata) gnaw through hard‐walled seeds, but cannot consume chemically defended seeds. The objectives of this study were to determine relative peccary and agouti abundances within a lowland forest in Costa Rica and to assess how these two mammals affect the survival of large seeds that have no defenses (Iriartea deltoidea, Socratea exorrhiza), physical defenses (Astrocaryum alatum, Dipteryx panamensis), or chemical defenses (Mucuna holtonii) against seed predators. Mammal abundances were determined over 3 yrs from open‐access motion‐detecting camera trap photos. Using semi‐permeable mammal exclosures and thread‐marked seeds, predation and dispersal by mammals for each seed species were quantified. Abundances of peccaries were up to six times higher than those of agoutis over 3 yrs, but neither peccary nor agouti abundances differed across years. Seeds of A. alatum were predominantly dispersed by peccaries, which did not eat A. alatum seeds, whereas non‐defended and chemically defended seeds suffered high levels of predation, mostly by peccaries. Agoutis did not eat M. holtonii seeds. Peccaries and agoutis did not differ in the distances they dispersed seeds. This study shows that seed fates are contingent upon many factors such as seed defenses, frugivore–granivore abundances, and seed‐handling capabilities. Mammal–seed interactions are complex; the outcomes of these interactions depend on the inherent characteristics of seeds and their potential dispersers.
Role of α‐gal epitope/anti‐Gal antibody reaction in immunotherapy and its clinical application in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Tanemura Masahiro , Miyoshi Eiji , Nagano Hiroaki , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Taniyama Kiyomi , Kamiike Wataru , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: December 2012

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common causes of death from cancer. Despite the availability of various treatment modalities, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the 5‐year survival remains poor. Although gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy is typically offered as the standard care, most patients do not survive longer than 6 months. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed. The α‐gal epitope (Galα1‐3Galβ1‐4GlcNAc‐R) is abundantly synthesized from glycoproteins and glycolipids in non‐primate mammals and New World monkeys, but is absent in humans, apes and Old World monkeys. Instead, they produce anti‐Gal antibody (Ab) (forming approximately 1% of circulating immunoglobulins), which specifically interacts with α‐gal epitopes. Anti‐Gal Ab can be exploited in cancer immunotherapy as vaccines that target antigen‐presenting cells (APC) to increase their immunogenicity. Tumor cells or tumor cell membranes from pancreatic cancer are processed to express α‐gal epitopes. Subsequent vaccination with such processed cell membranes results in in vivo opsonization by anti‐Gal IgG in cancer patients. The interaction of the Fc portion of the vaccine‐bound anti‐Gal with Fcγ receptors of APC induces effective uptake of the vaccinating tumor cell membranes by the APC, followed by effective transport of the vaccinating tumor membranes to the regional lymph nodes, and processing and presentation of the tumor‐associated antigens. Activation of tumor‐specific B and T cells could elicit an immune response that in some patients is potent enough to eradicate the residual cancer cells that remain after completion of standard therapy. This review addresses these topics and new avenues of clinical importance related to this unique antigen/antibody system (α‐gal epitope/anti‐Gal Ab) and advances in immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.
Nonionic surfactants and dispersants for biopolishing and stonewashing with Hypocrea jecorina cellulases
Authors: Zilz Luana , Rau Martinho , Budag Nelson , Scharf Mauro , Cavaco‐Paulo Artur , Andreaus Jürgen 
Published: December 2012

Cellulases are widely applied in textile finishing, such as for the removal of protruding surface fibrils to reduce pilling propensity and to achieve the worn‐out look in denim garments. The main drawback of enzymatic denim processing is the back‐staining of indigo, which reduces the desired blue–white contrast. Alongside an accurate selection of the type of cellulase or vigorous post‐washing of the garments, the simultaneous application of auxiliaries in the enzymatic treatment may help to reduce back‐staining and improve cellulase efficiency. In the present work, the influence of additives such as surfactants and dispersing agents on indigo adsorption and on the treatment of an undyed cotton fabric with Hypocrea jecorina cellulases was investigated. Indigo adsorption was successfully reduced by more than 75% with ethoxylated nonionic surfactants at concentrations below 0.2 g l−1. The weight loss of cotton fabrics after 120 min treatment was significantly increased with nonionic surfactants and polyvinylpyrrolidone. It could be further shown that protein adsorption on the cotton fabric decreased with the increasing concentration of the additives, while the nonionic surfactants were more efficient than the polyvinylpyrrolidone. Adsorption of a complete cellulase mixture was affected differently by the surfactants than by an exoglucanase‐free endoglucanase‐rich preparation.
Effects of telomerase activity and apoptosis on ex vivo expansion of cord blood CD34+ cells
Authors: Ge J. , Cai H. , Li Q. , Du Z. , Tan W. S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveEx vivo expansion of CD34+ cells has become critically important in order to obtain sufficient haematopoietic stem cells for clinical application. Among major regulators involved in ex vivo expansion, telomerase activity and apoptosis have been revealed to be closely linked to cell cycle progression. However, all exact roles remain to be elucidated. Here, change in telomerase activity and level of apoptosis in cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells were evaluated together with specific cell population growth rate during ex vivo culture.Materials and methodsCD34+ cells isolated from human CB were expanded ex vivo over a 28‐day period. Besides monitoring cell proliferation kinetics of the CD34+ cells, changes in telomerase activity and apoptotic levels were investigated. Several relevant genes were quantified by qRT‐PCR during the culture period.ResultsSignificant elevation of telomerase activity had close relationship to activation of CB CD34+ cell expansion. Peak apoptotic level was accompanied by a remarkable decline in cell‐specific growth rate, and apoptotic level of differentiated CD34– population was significantly higher than that of the CD34+ population.ConclusionAlthough telomerase activity was activated during the culture, expansion of CB CD34+ cells seemed to be more susceptible to apoptotic suppression when cultured ex vivo, which implied that apoptosis may serve as a rate‐limiting factor involved in controlling expansion efficiency.
Local genetic adaptation generates latitude‐specific effects of warming on predator–prey interactions
Authors: De Block Marjan , Pauwels Kevin , Van Den Broeck Maarten , De Meester Luc , Stoks Robby 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTemperature effects on predator–prey interactions are fundamental to better understand the effects of global warming. Previous studies never considered local adaptation of both predators and prey at different latitudes, and ignored the novel population combinations of the same predator–prey species system that may arise because of northward dispersal. We set up a common garden warming experiment to study predator–prey interactions between Ischnura elegans damselfly predators and Daphnia magna zooplankton prey from three source latitudes spanning >1500 km. Damselfly foraging rates showed thermal plasticity and strong latitudinal differences consistent with adaptation to local time constraints. Relative survival was higher at 24 °C than at 20 °C in southern Daphnia and higher at 20 °C than at 24 °C, in northern Daphnia indicating local thermal adaptation of the Daphnia prey. Yet, this thermal advantage disappeared when they were confronted with the damselfly predators of the same latitude, reflecting also a signal of local thermal adaptation in the damselfly predators. Our results further suggest the invasion success of northward moving predators as well as prey to be latitude‐specific. We advocate the novel common garden experimental approach using predators and prey obtained from natural temperature gradients spanning the predicted temperature increase in the northern populations as a powerful approach to gain mechanistic insights into how community modules will be affected by global warming. It can be used as a space‐for‐time substitution to inform how predator–prey interaction may gradually evolve to long‐term warming.
Evaluating the effectiveness of conservation site networks under climate change: accounting for uncertainty
Authors: Bagchi Robert , Crosby Mike , Huntley Brian , Hole David G. , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Collingham Yvonne , Kalra Mohit , Rajkumar Jagadish , Rahmani Asad , Pandey Mitra , Gurung Hum , Trai Le Trong , Van Quang Nguyen , Willis Stephen G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe forecasted potential impacts of climate change on the ability of a network of key sites for bird conservation (Important Bird Areas;IBAs) to provide suitable climate for 370 bird species of current conservation concern in two Asian biodiversity hotspots: the Eastern Himalaya and Lower Mekong. Comparable studies have largely not accounted for uncertainty, which may lead to inappropriate conclusions. We quantified the contribution of four sources of variation (choice of general circulation models, emission scenarios and species distribution modelling methods and variation in species distribution data) to uncertainty in forecasts and tested if our projections were robust to these uncertainties. Declines in the availability of suitable climate within theIBAnetwork by 2100 were forecast as ‘extremely likely’ for 45% of species, whereas increases were projected for only 2%. Thus, we predict almost 24 times as many ‘losers’ as ‘winners’. However, for no species was suitable climate ‘extremely likely’ to be completely lost from the network. Considerable turnover (median = 43%, 95%CI = 35–69%) in species compositions of mostIBAs were projected by 2100. Climatic conditions in 47% ofIBAs were projected as ‘extremely likely’ to become suitable for fewer priority species. However, noIBAwas forecast to become suitable for more species. Variation among General Circulation Models and Species Distribution Models contributed most to uncertainty among forecasts. This uncertainty precluded firm conclusions for 53% of species andIBAs because 95% confidence intervals included projections of no change. Considering this uncertainty, however, allows robust recommendations concerning the remaining species andIBAs. Overall, while theIBAnetwork will continue to sustain bird conservation, climate change will modify which species each site will be suitable for. Thus, adaptive management of the network, including modified site conservation strategies and facilitating species' movement among sites, is critical to ensure effective future conservation.
Soil organic matter quality influences mineralization and GHG emissions in cryosols: a field‐based study of sub‐ to high Arctic
Authors: Paré Maxime C. , Bedard‐Haughn Angela 
Published: December 2012

AbstractArctic soils store large amounts of labile soil organic matter (SOM) and several studies have suggested that SOM characteristics may explain variations in SOM cycling rates across Arctic landscapes and Arctic ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of routinely measured soil properties and SOM characteristics on soil gross N mineralization and soil GHG emissions at the landscape scale. This study was carried out in three Canadian Arctic ecosystems: Sub‐Arctic (Churchill, MB), Low‐Arctic (Daring Lake, NWT), and High‐Arctic (Truelove Lowlands, NU). The landscapes were divided into five landform units: (1) upper slope, (2) back slope, (3) lower slope, (4) hummock, and (5) interhummock, which represented a great diversity of Static and Turbic Cryosolic soils including Brunisolic, Gleysolic, and Organic subgroups. Soil gross N mineralization was measured using the 15N dilution technique, whereas soil GHG emissions (N2O, CH4, and CO2) were measured using a multicomponent Fourier transform infrared gas analyzer. Soil organic matter characteristics were determined by (1) water‐extractable organic matter, (2) density fractionation of SOM, and (3) solid‐state CPMAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results showed that gross N mineralization, N2O, and CO2 emissions were affected by SOM quantity and SOM characteristics. Soil moisture, soil organic carbon (SOC), light fraction (LF) of SOM, and O‐Alkyl‐C to Aromatic‐C ratio positively influenced gross N mineralization, N2O and CO2 emissions, whereas the relative proportion of Aromatic‐C negatively influenced those N and C cycling processes. Relationships between SOM characteristics and CH4 emissions were not significant throughout all Arctic ecosystems. Furthermore, results showed that lower slope and interhummock areas store relatively more labile C than upper and back slope locations. These results are particularly important because they can be used to produce better models that evaluate SOM stocks and dynamics under several climate scenarios and across Arctic landscapes and ecosystems.