bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of rapid oestrogen signalling in aggressive human breast cancers
Authors: Poulard Coralie , Treilleux Isabelle , Lavergne Emilie , Bouchekioua‐Bouzaghou Katia , Goddard‐Léon Sophie , Chabaud Sylvie , Trédan Olivier , Corbo Laura , Le Romancer Muriel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOestrogen receptors can mediate rapid activation of cytoplasmic signalling cascades by recruiting Src and PI3K. However, the involvement of this pathway in breast cancer remains poorly defined. We have previously shown that methylation of ERα is required for the formation of the ERα/Src/PI3K complex and that ERα is hypermethylated in a subset of breast cancers. Here, we used Proximity Ligation Assay to demonstrate that this complex is present in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cell lines as well as formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tumours. Of particular interest, the analysis of 175 breast tumours showed that overexpression of this complex in a subset of breast tumours correlates to the activation of the downstream effector Akt. Survival analysis revealed that high expression of this complex is an independent marker of poor prognosis and associated with reduced disease‐free survival. Our data introduces the new concept that the rapid oestrogen pathway is operative in vivo. It also provides a rationale for patient stratification defined by the activation of this pathway and the identification of target therapies.
A novel approach for bandwidth allocation among soft QoS traffic in wireless networks
Authors: Tan Liansheng , Zhu Zhongxun , Yuan Cao , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe resource (bandwidth) allocation in a network is usually casted into a so‐called network utility maximization (NUM) problem, which solution strategy has successfully generated distributed algorithms for congestion controlling of elastic traffic in a wire‐lined network. However, for resource allocation of inelastic traffic including soft QoS (quality of service) traffic in a wireless network, this approach still faces challenges. First, it is hard for the wireless system to dynamically model the utility function of the users. Second, the utility function of soft QoS traffic is usually nonconcave, which brings the NUM optimization problem to be mathematically intractable. With deviation to the usual NUM theory, this paper proposes a novel optimization model and its algorithm to allocate bandwidth around the user's desired value to the soft QoS traffic in a wireless network. Our approach takes advantage of the basic feature of soft QoS traffic; that is, it demands a preferred amount of bandwidth but allows some flexibility during normal operation. Compared with the utility‐based approaches and solutions, our approach avoids the difficulty of finding the exact utility function expression for each user by using the preference bandwidth value. This facilitates the operation of real wireless networks. The proposed model and algorithm are verified by an example, which demonstrate better performance than the NUM approach.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of aluminum methylcyclohexylphosphinate and its use as flame retardant for epoxy resin
Authors: Liu Jiyan , Chen Jia , Liu Xueqing , Sun Shan , Cai Shaojun 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYA novel aluminum phosphinate—aluminum methylcyclohexylphosphinate (Al(MHP))—was synthesized by reacting n‐butyl methylphosphonite with cyclohexene, followed by reacting with anhydrous AlCl3. The products were characterized with gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, X‐ray fluorescent spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. After blending with epoxy resin (EP), flame retardancy was estimated with the use of limited oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 test, and thermal stability was investigated using TG analysis. The morphologies and composition of the char obtained after being heated at 300 °C for 20 min followed by 500 °C for 3 min in the muffle furnace were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis. Results showed that Al(MHP) is an efficient flame retardant for EP, and Al(MHP)/EP can pass UL‐94V‐0 rating with an LOI of 28.8% by adding 15 wt.% of Al(MHP). TG results showed that the presence of Al(MHP) in EP increases the char yield and depresses the thermal decomposition. SEM‐EDX analysis showed that the char obtained at 300 °C is coherent and consists of P‐rich components; at higher temperature (500 °C), the char becomes tiny and loose and phosphorus element is released into gas. Compared with neat EP, composites have lower water absorption. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of an iterative penalty method for Navier–Stokes equations with nonlinear slip boundary conditions
Authors: Dai Xiaoxia , Tang Peipei , Wu Minghui 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYWhen we use penalty method to solve Navier–Stokes equations with nonlinear slip boundary conditions, the penalty parameter ϵ should be sufficiently small to yield an accurate approximation and the choice of ϵ depends on the mesh size h. However, the condition number of the associated stiffness matrix becomes large if ϵ is too small, which leads to the unstable computation. In this paper, we design an iterative penalty method for the problem and give some error estimates. In our algorithm, we can use a not very small penalty parameter ϵ independent of h to avoid the unstable computation. Numerical examples are given to show that the algorithm is very effective and powerful. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating CO2 leakage into marine environments
Authors: Blackford Jerry 
Published: October 2012

AbstractJerry Blackford of the Plymouth Marine Laboratory leads the UK Research Council funded Quantifying and Monitoring Potential Ecosystem Impacts of Geological Carbon Storage (QICS) program, and is a founding member of the new UK CCS Research Centre leading the environment research team. Here he talks to Muriel Cozier about how the world's first experiment to simulate a CO2 leak from underground storage in a marine environment will go a long way toward improving our understanding of a series of complex interactions.
Cancer risk in long‐term users of vitamin K antagonists: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Pottegård Anton , Friis Søren , Hallas Jesper 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSome evidence suggests that long‐term use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) has a cancer chemopreventive effect. Such an effect would have considerable implications in terms of understanding tumor biology. To evaluate if long‐term VKA treatment influences the risk of developing cancer, we performed a matched case–control analysis. We used data from four Danish nationwide registers. Cases were all Danish individuals with a first‐time cancer diagnosis (except nonmelanoma skin cancer) between 2000 and 2009. For each case, eight controls, matched by birth year and gender, were selected from the source population by risk‐set sampling. Long‐term VKA use was defined as exposure to VKA for a period of 3 or more years. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (ORs) for cancer associated with long‐term VKA exposure, adjusting for potential confounders. Prespecified subanalyses were performed for selected cancer sites, subgroups and measures of exposure. A total of 238,196 cases and 1,713,176 controls were included. The adjusted OR for cancer associated with long‐term VKA exposure was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.95–1.02). Long‐term VKA use was associated with increased ORs for alcohol‐ or obesity‐related cancer sites, whereas we observed a decreased risk of prostate cancer (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78–0.95). Our study does not support a general chemopreventive effect of VKA drugs. However, in accordance with findings from previous studies, we found an inverse association between use of VKA and prostate cancer.
Lymphoma risk in livestock farmers: Results of the Epilymph study
Authors: Cocco Pierluigi , Satta Giannina , D'Andrea Ileana , Nonne Tinucia , Udas Giuseppe , Zucca Mariagrazia , Mannetje Andrea 't , Becker Nikolaus , Sanjosé Silvia de , Foretova Lenka , Staines Anthony , Maynadié Marc , Nieters Alexandra , Brennan Paul , Ennas Maria G. , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe explored the risk of lymphoma and its most prevalent subtypes associated with occupational contact with livestock, and whether risk was modified by age at first contact, in 2,348 incident lymphoma cases and 2,462 controls who participated in the EPILYMPH case–control study. A detailed occupational history was collected in cases and controls, including working in a livestock farm, species of livestock, its approximate number and circumstances of contact. For each disease outcome, and each type of livestock, odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, education and center. Lymphoma risk (all subtypes combined) was not increased amongst those exposed to contact with any livestock (OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.8–1.2). Overall, we did not observe an association between occupational contact with livestock and risk of lymphoma (all types) and B‐cell lymphoma. The risk of diffuse large B cell lyphoma (DLBCL) was significantly lower amongst subjects who started occupational contact with any species of livestock before or at age 12 (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2–0.9), but not at older ages. A significant heterogeneity in risk of B cell lymphoma by age at first contact was detected for contact with cattle, poultry and swine. Early occupational contact with livestock might be associated with a decrease in risk of B cell lymphoma.
Potential effect of the risk of ovarian cancer algorithm (ROCA) on the mortality outcome of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) trial
Authors: Pinsky Paul F. , Zhu Claire , Skates Steve J. , Black Amanda , Partridge Edward , Buys Saundra S. , Berg Christine D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRecently, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Trial reported no mortality benefit for annual screening with CA‐125 and transvaginal ultrasound (TVU). Currently ongoing is the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS), which utilizes the risk of ovarian cancer algorithm (ROCA), a statistical tool that considers current and past CA125 values to determine ovarian cancer risk. In contrast, PLCO used a single cutoff for CA125, based on current levels alone. We investigated whether having had used ROCA in PLCO could have, under optimal assumptions, resulted in a significant mortality benefit by applying ROCA to PLCO CA125 screening values. A best‐case scenario assumed that all cancers showing a positive screen result earlier with ROCA than under the PLCO protocol would have avoided mortality; under a stage‐shift scenario, such women were assigned survival equivalent to Stage I/II screen‐detected cases. Updated PLCO data show 132 intervention arm ovarian cancer deaths versus 119 in usual care (relative risk, RR = 1.11). Forty‐three ovarian cancer cases, 25 fatal, would have been detected earlier with ROCA, with a median (minimum) advance time for fatal cases of 344 (147) days. Best‐case and stage‐shift scenarios gave 25 and 19 deaths prevented with ROCA, for RRs of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.69–1.17) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.74–1.23), respectively. Having utilized ROCA in PLCO would not have led to a significant mortality benefit of screening. However, ROCA could still show a significant effect in other screening trials, including UKCTOCS.
Improvement of the Performance of Liquid Crystal Displays by Doping with Supramolecule‐Protected Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Shiraishi Yukihide , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Toshima Naoki 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMetal nanoparticles are now creating a new class of materials that are different from either conventional bulk materials or atoms, giving one of the smallest building blocks of matter. Metal nanoparticles have various properties based on high surface area and quantum size effects. Here we focus on the application of metal nanoparticles to liquid crystal displays, which is providing a new field in science and technology. The doping of nanoparticles into liquid crystal materials induces the modification of almost all of the physical properties of the liquid crystal, causing a reduction in the response time of liquid crystal displays. These techniques may be an alternative approach for improving the properties of liquid crystals other than chemical synthesis.
Liquid‐Crystalline Catenanes and Rotaxanes
Authors: Sakuda Junji , Yasuda Takuma , Kato Takashi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCatenanes and rotaxanes are mechanically interlocked molecules. For further functionalization, the introduction of such molecules into ordered fluid states is of interest. The control of their dynamic properties in liquid‐crystalline order may lead to the development of new smart soft materials such as stimuli‐responsive materials and molecular machines. In this review, thermotropic and lyotropic liquid‐crystalline catenanes and rotaxanes are described. One approach to the induction of liquid crystallinity to [2]catenanes and [2]rotaxanes is the attachment of mesogenic moieties. Rigid‐rod polyrotaxanes that behave as mesogens also exhibit liquid‐crystalline properties.
Ionic Discotic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Chen Shuai , Eichhorn S. Holger 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIonic discotic liquid crystals are salts of discotic liquid crystals that may display lyotropic and thermotropic mesomorphism. Columnar structures of π‐π stacking ionic discotic liquid crystals function not only as anisotropic organic semiconductors, similar to their neutral analogues, but they may also efficiently conduct ions. This combination of electronic and ionic conduction is only one of several unique properties that these materials may display, but their systematic investigation has been limited because of their often complex synthesis, purification, and characterization. However, a comprehensive account of existing reports on ionic discotic liquid crystals is not straightforward, despite their relatively small number, because publications are scattered across different areas of research, such as liquid crystals, ionic liquids, and ionic self‐assembly. This review intends to provide a concise but comprehensive overview of the published work on ionic discotic liquid crystals and related compounds and is expected to stimulate further exploration. Highlighted in this review is the mesomorphism of ionic discotic liquid crystals and its dependence on structural changes, which is also the focus of most reported studies. Particular attention was given to the dependence of mesomorphism on the location and types of the charged groups as these are parameters unique to these compounds. Also described are electronic, optical, and other properties of these materials if reported.
Investigation of alginate–ϵ‐poly‐L‐lysine microcapsules for cell microencapsulation
Authors: Ma Ying , Zhang Ying , Liu Yang , Chen Li , Li Shen , Zhao Wei , Sun Guangwei , Li Na , Wang Yu , Guo Xin , Lv Guojun , Ma Xiaojun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCell microencapsulation is a promising approach for cell implantation, cell‐based gene therapy, and large‐scale cell culture. The well‐studied α‐AP (alginate–α‐poly‐L‐lysine) microcapsules have been restricted to large‐scale cell‐culture and clinical applications because of high costs and cytotoxic effects in some cases. This study used ϵ‐poly‐L‐lysine (ϵ‐PLL), a high‐biocompatible and low‐cost food additives produced by fermentation, to prepare ϵ‐AP (alginate–ϵ‐PLL) microcapsules with various thickness membranes and swelling behaviors. ϵ‐AP microcapsules were permeable to BSA, a standard protein of culture medium. ϵ‐AP‐microencapsulated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells proliferated with culture time; no obvious difference with α‐AP‐microencapsulated CHO cells during the early 19 days. Whereas ϵ‐AP‐microencapsulated CHO cells kept higher viability (OD = 0.646 ± 0.012) on the 22nd day and microcapsule strength (integrity rate of 88%) on the 24th day than that of α‐AP microcapsules (OD = 0.558 ± 0.025, integrity rate of 80%). ϵ‐AP (alginate‐ϵ‐PLL) microcapsules exhibited more superior properties and could lower the costs to broaden the applications of microencapsulation technology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Mechanisms of antiproliferative drug release from bioresorbable porous structures
Authors: Kraitzer Amir , Alperstein David , Kloog Yoel , Zilberman Meital 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRestenosis (renarrowing of the blood vessel wall) and cancer are two different pathologies that have drawn extensive research attention over the years. Antiproliferative drugs such as paclitaxel inhibit cell proliferation and are therefore effective in the treatment of cancer as well as neointimal hyperplasia, which is known to be the main cause of restenosis. Antiproliferative drugs are highly hydrophobic and their release from porous biodegradable structures is therefore advantageous. The release profiles of four antiproliferative drugs from highly porous polymeric structures were studied in this study in light of the physical properties of both the host polymers and the drug molecules, and a qualitative model was developed. The chemical structure of the polymer chain directly affects the drug release profile through water uptake in the early stages or degradation and erosion in later stages. It also affects the release profile indirectly, through the polymer's 3D porous structure. However, this effect is minor. The drug volume and molecular area dominantly affect its diffusion rate from the 3D porous structure and the drug's solubility parameter compared with that of the host polymer has some effect on the drug release profile. This model can also be used to describe release mechanisms of other hydrophobic drugs from porous structures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Covalent incorporation and controlled release of active dexamethasone from injectable polyethylene glycol hydrogels
Authors: Bezuidenhout Deon , Oosthuysen Anel , Davies Neil , Ahrenstedt Lage , Dobner Stephan , Roberts Peter , Zilla Peter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDexamethasone (Dex) is used in a wide range of applications, but may have undesirable systemic side effects. A number of techniques have thus been developed to deliver the substance locally. In this study, dexamethasone was acrylated, pegylated, and tethered to hydrolytically degradable (acrylate based) and nondegradable (vinyl sulfone based) polyethylene glycol hydrogels by nucleophilic addition. Hydrogel swelling, drug elution and drug activity were followed over an extended period in vitro. Nondegradable gels were stable for more than a year, while degradable gels showed increasing swelling ratios due to degradation that resulted in disintegration after ∼12 days. Near‐linear (zero order) release could be achieved in some cases with the degradable gels, while release from the nondegradable gels approximated first order initial release kinetics. Significantly delayed release was observed in all cases where the Dex was linked to the gels, when compared with controls where the drug was merely physically incorporated. Eluates from the gels containing the tethered drug showed high levels of activity for extended time periods, while the activity of the eluates from gels containing nonbound dexamethasone decreased rapidly within the first few days. Dexamethasone can thus be incorporated using nucleophilic addition chemistry to produce gels that are capable of sustained release of the active drug. The methodology is applicable to a variety of drugs that contain hydroxyl groups. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Sustained, localized transgene expression mediated from lentivirus‐loaded biodegradable polyester elastomers
Authors: Jen Michele C. , Baler Kevin , Hood Ashleigh R. , Shin Seungjin , Shea Lonnie D. , Ameer Guillermo A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe study of biomaterials for gene delivery in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is a growing area, necessitating the investigation of new biomaterials and gene delivery vectors. Poly(1,8‐octanediol citrate) (POC) and poly(glycerol‐sebacate) (PGS) are biodegradable, biocompatible elastomers that have tunable mechanical properties, surface characteristics, and degradation rate. The objective of this work was to investigate whether POC and PGS would support the immobilization and release of lentivirus to allow sustained and localized transgene expression. Porous biomaterials were prepared using salt as a porogen, andin vitroandin vivotransgene expression from immobilized and released lentiviruses were assessed. Cells seeded onto biomaterials loaded with lentiviruses yielded titer‐dependent transgene expressionin vitro. Lentivirus activity on both biomaterials was maintained for at least 5 days. When implanted subcutaneously in rats, POC and PGS with immobilized lentivirus exhibited sustained and localized transgene expression for at least 5 weeks. This research demonstrates that lentivirus immobilization on POC and PGS is feasible and potentially useful for a variety of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Degradation of 1‐amino‐4‐bromoanthraquinone‐2‐sulfonic acid using combined airlift bioreactor and TiO2‐photocatalytic ozonation
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Guangfei , Lu Hong , Jin Ruofei , Zhou Jiti 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Traditional treatment systems failed to achieve efficient degradation of anthraquinone dye intermediates at high loading. Thus, an airlift internal loop reactor (AILR) in combination with the TiO2‐photocatalytic ozonation (TiO2/UV/O3) process was investigated for the degradaton of 1‐amino‐ 4‐bromoanthraquinone‐2‐ sulfonic acid (ABAS).RESULTS: The AILR using Sphingomonas xenophaga as inoculum and granular activated carbon (GAC) as biocarrier, could run steadily for 4 months at 1000 mg L−1 of the influent ABAS. The efficiencies of ABAS decolorization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in AILR reached about 90% and 50% in 12 h, respectively. However, when the influent ABAS concentration was further increased, a yellow intermediate with maximum absorbance at 447 nm appeared in AILR, resulting in the decrease of the decolorization and COD removal efficiencies. Advanced treatment of AILR effluent indicated that TiO2/UV/O3 process more significantly improved the mineralization rate of ABAS bio‐decolorization products with over 90% TOC removal efficiency, compared with O3, TiO2/UV and UV/O3 processes. Furthermore, the release efficiencies of Br− and SO42− could reach 84.5% and 80.2% during TiO2/UV/O3 treatment, respectively, when 91.5% TOC removal was achieved in 2 h.CONCLUSION: The combination of AILR and TiO2/UV/O3 was an economic and efficient system for the treatment of ABAS wastewater. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry