bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced microglial dynamics and a paucity of tau seeding in the amyloid plaque microenvironment contribute to cognitive resilience in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Jury-Garfe Nur , Redding-Ochoa Javier , You Yanwen , Martínez Pablo , Karahan Hande , Chimal-Juárez Enrique , Johnson Travis S. , Zhang Jie , Resnick Susan , Kim Jungsu , Troncoso Juan C. , Lasagna-Reeves Cristian A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAsymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AsymAD) describes the status of individuals with preserved cognition but identifiable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain pathology (i.e., beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposits, neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles) at autopsy. In this study, we investigated the postmortem brains of a cohort of AsymAD subjects to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying resilience to AD pathology and cognitive decline. Our results showed that AsymAD cases exhibit enrichment in core plaques, decreased filamentous plaque accumulation, and increased plaque-surrounding microglia. Less pathological tau aggregation in dystrophic neurites was found in AsymAD brains than in AD brains, and tau seeding activity was comparable to that in healthy brains. We used spatial transcriptomics to characterize the plaque niche further and revealed autophagy, endocytosis, and phagocytosis as the pathways associated with the genes upregulated in the AsymAD plaque niche. Furthermore, the levels of ARP2 and CAP1, which are actin-based motility proteins that participate in the dynamics of actin filaments to allow cell motility, were increased in the microglia surrounding amyloid plaques in AsymAD cases. Our findings suggest that the amyloid-plaque microenvironment in AsymAD cases is characterized by the presence of microglia with highly efficient actin-based cell motility mechanisms and decreased tau seeding compared with that in AD brains. These two mechanisms can potentially protect against the toxic cascade initiated by Aβ, preserving brain health, and slowing AD pathology progression.
$$D_MD_RDF$$: diabetes mellitus and retinopathy detection framework using artificial intelligence and feature selection
Authors: Balaha Hossam Magdy , El-Gendy Eman M. , Saafan Mahmoud M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases affecting patients of different ages. Diabetes can be controlled if diagnosed as early as possible. One of the serious complications of diabetes affecting the retina is diabetic retinopathy. If not diagnosed early, it can lead to blindness. Our purpose is to propose a novel framework, named$$D_MD_RDF$$DMDRDF, for early and accurate diagnosis of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. The framework consists of two phases, one for diabetes mellitus detection (DMD) and the other for diabetic retinopathy detection (DRD). The novelty of DMD phase is concerned in two contributions. Firstly, a novel feature selection approach called Advanced Aquila Optimizer Feature Selection ($$A^2OFS$$A2OFS) is introduced to choose the most promising features for diagnosing diabetes. This approach extracts the required features from the results of laboratory tests while ignoring the useless features. Secondly, a novel classification approach (CA) using five modified machine learning (ML) algorithms is used. This modification of the ML algorithms is proposed to automatically select the parameters of these algorithms using Grid Search (GS) algorithm. The novelty of DRD phase lies in the modification of 7 CNNs using Aquila Optimizer for the classification of diabetic retinopathy. The reported results concerning the DMD datasets shows that AO reports best performance metrics in the feature selection process with the help of modified ML classifiers. The best achieved accuracy is 98.65% with the GS-ERTC model and max-absolute scaling on the “Early Stage Diabetes Risk Prediction Dataset” dataset. Also, from the reported results concerning the DRD datasets, the AOMobileNet is considered a suitable model for this problem as it outperforms the other modified CNN models with accuracy of 95.80% on the “The SUSTech-SYSU dataset” dataset.
Virtual Prototyping of the RM Active Grid®: a DEM-MBD Study
Authors: Falkner Philipp , Fimbinger Eric , Flachberger Helmut 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNumerical simulation is an established tool to improve knowledge of complex systems and to accelerate the development of new prototypes. In this contribution, the patented Active Grid® made by the company RM RUBBLE MASTER HMH GmbH is examined.In an initial step, representative system parameters (spring properties) are found via a multibody dynamic simulation; at this point, without particles acting on the system components. After that, the virtually defined Active Grid® system is loaded with particles in order to include the interaction effects of various bulk materials acting on the system’s mechanical components. For this purpose, a DEM-MBD co-simulation, extending the discrete element method (DEM) towards multibody dynamics (MBD) simulation, is performed, accounting for the bulk materials via DEM and the interacting system components via MBD. This bi-directional co-simulation enables the consideration of interactions between the bulk materials (the particles) and the driven spring-damper system (the moving system components).With this virtual prototype of the Active Grid®, performance benefits and characteristics in terms of screening efficiency for different material types and varying drive speeds are analysed. The overall aim is to achieve a scalable DEM-MBD model that allows virtual prototyping and, especially, optimisation for future system developments.
Peers and value preferences among adolescents in school classes: a social network and longitudinal approach
Authors: Cieciuch Jan , Kwiatkowska Maria , Kindschi Martin , Davidov Eldad , Algesheimer René 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of our study was twofold: (1) to explore the role of value preferences on peer relations in school classes (selection effect) and (2) to explore the role of peers’ values on adolescents’ values (influence or socialization effect) in three types of networks (friendship, advice, and trust). To answer these questions, we used a longitudinal social network approach in a study of N = 903 adolescents (57% girls) from 34 secondary school classes in Poland. Pupils began participating in the study when they joined their secondary school and were followed over two and a half years. Panel data were collected at six measurement time points during this period. Values were conceptualized according to the values theory proposed by Schwartz and measured by the Portrait Value Questionnaire. The collection of network data followed a roster design. Pupils were asked to evaluate the strength of their friendships, as well as the frequency with which they approached peers to ask for advice about school or homework or to talk about things that are important to them in the last 2 weeks. We found empirical support for both selection and socialization effects, especially for protection values (Conservation and Self-enhancement). The selection effect was most evident in advice and trust networks and the socialization effect was particularly prevalent in friendship and trust networks.
2022 Düzce, Türkiye earthquake: advances in the past 2 decades, lessons learned, and future projections
Authors: Demir Aydin , Günay Selim , Marinković Marko , Dilsiz Abdullah , Bektaş Nurullah , Khalil Zeyad , Arslan Mehmet Emin , Altunisik Ahmet Can , Caglar Naci , Mosalam Khalid , Sezen Halil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the year 1999, two devastating earthquakes (Mw 7.4 Kocaeli earthquake in August and Mw 7.2 Düzce earthquake in November) occurred in Northwest Türkiye. These two earthquakes led to a very large number of casualties and building collapses. When the 1999 earthquakes occurred, most of the structures in the earthquake-impacted region were not designed according to modern seismic design codes. During the 25 years following those earthquakes, there have been significant advances in building construction in the light of earthquake engineering, including adequate seismic codes, new regulations, and effective code enforcement in the earthquake impacted region. These advances have been reflected in the construction of new structures in the region and the retrofitting of existing ones. As a result, 70–80% of the current building stock in Düzce was designed, constructed, or retrofitted after the 1999 earthquakes. Almost 23 years later, in 2022, an Mw 6.1 earthquake occurred in Düzce, with ground shaking close to the seismic design code life safety performance level. The 2022 earthquake provided a great opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness and consequences of the advances in earthquake engineering and the relevant policy-making and regulations. This paper provides a comparative overview of the 1999 and 2022 earthquakes that struck the city of Düzce in terms of hazard, vulnerability, and consequences. Furthermore, other key lessons learned from the 2022 Düzce earthquake are documented based on field reconnaissance and numerical simulations. The lessons learned are expected to provide useful guidance for the reconstruction efforts after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Türkiye earthquake sequence or in similar efforts in other parts of the world.
Ways of “Not Hearing”: Corporate Denial in the Case of Aircraft Noise and Victimisation in the UK
Authors: Yıldırım Ayşegül 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The elusive power dynamics behind the victimisation of aircraft noise pollution, a neglected type of invisible environmental harm, is the main concern of this study. I examine these dynamics through first-hand accounts of individuals’ aircraft noise complaint experiences with the airports in London, UK. An analysis of these experiences reveals specificities of corporate denial strategies in minimising or ignoring noise and the victims. I identify two different uses, namely reconstructive and obfuscation, of technical denial of cause, as the distinct types with which the individuals’ noise claims are confronted. As such, the paper contributes to our understanding of the experience of being an environmental victim. It also illustrates how the specific forms of corporate denial operate to the advantage of the powerful and contribute to victimisation.
Assessing the Asymmetric Effect of Global Climate Anomalies on Food Prices: Evidence from Local Prices
Authors: Emediegwu Lotanna E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper uses time-varying smooth transition autoregressive model to investigate the asymmetric nature of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) —an exogenous climatic factor—with respect to the nonlinear dynamics of food prices in sub-Saharan Africa. Curating food price series from more than 1100 markets from 36 SSA countries, the study finds that ENSO (linearly or nonlinearly) affects roughly half of food prices considered, with most nonlinear models exhibiting strong asymmetric properties with shock-inflicted persistence. Moreover, in terms of the location of the burden of ENSO impact, I find a geographical and food product divide. Specifically, ENSO appears to be more efficacious on maize prices in Southern, Eastern, and some parts of Central Africa. Conversely, local rice, cassava, millet, and animal products are least affected. The policy implication of this dichotomy is that response to ENSO news should be subregion-specific rather than region-specific, depending on how the subregions absorb the shock.
An Overview of the Digital Competencies of Teachers in the Hungarian Secondary Agricultural Vocational Training System
Authors: Khademi-Vidra Anikó , Bakos Izabella Mária 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn contemporary times, possessing digital competence encompasses not only access to information and communication technologies (ICT) and their utilization, but also the acquisition of suitable knowledge and skills related to them. When it comes to the digital competencies of educators, studies in this field regularly report on the available professional development opportunities, but less attention is given to the educators’ personal attitudes. In our viewpoint, the success of the digital competence development process greatly hinges on realistic and effective teacher self-reflection. Within this framework, digital competence could become an essential component of teacher self-evaluation and emerge as a genuine demand within the predominantly supply-driven professional development market. Based on this observation, we determined to approach 400 instructors teaching at agricultural vocational schools and encourage them to thoughtfully contemplate their own skills and attitudes through our questionnaire. The objective of this exploratory research was to examine the current state of digital competence and future development possibilities among educators, specifically within the context of agricultural education. Moreover, it aimed to identify the actual needs of teachers. The research findings indicate that teachers engaged in Hungarian agricultural vocational education expressed a more positive view of their digital competence than anticipated. Concurrently, infrastructure gaps and developmental directions came to light. Among the novel findings of our research is the fact that real self-reflection is an essential attribute of the teaching career and plays an important role in the development of competences. In this context, a key finding of the research is that respondents strongly expressed their need for subject-specific and didactically-based, thematic and free workshops/courses to learn about the functioning of new ICT tools and platforms and their classroom applications.
Modelling vocational interests: application of the Personal Globe Inventory in Portugal
Authors: Morais M. , Silva J. M. T. , Paixão M. P. , Tracey T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA translated version of the Personal Globe Inventory (PGI, Tracey, 2002) was administered to a Portuguese sample of college students (n = 312) and the data were examined with respect to its internal structure. Results of component analyses suggested, as expected, four substantive factors underlying PGI: General Interest, People/Things, Data/Ideas and Prestige. The randomized test of hypothesized order relations showed that spherical, eight and six (i.e., RIASEC) type models fit the Portuguese data equally well as data from the United States. No structure differences were found across gender. The results support the structural validity of the PGI to Portuguese respondents.
Synthesis, characterization, and azo dye degradation performance of mechanically alloyed Mg65Cu20Y13La2 nanocrystalline powders
Authors: Danacı Nilüfer , Göğebakan Musa , Yaykaşlı Hakan , Kurşun Celal , Uruş Serhan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research describes the synthesis of the multicomponent Mg65Cu20Y13La2 alloy by mechanical alloying (MA) to investigate the influence of milling times on the microstructure of alloy and degradation performance of methyl orange. The structural evolution of this alloy was investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDX) techniques. The thermal behavior of the alloys was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystallite size of the Mg65Cu20Y13La2 alloys was calculated using the Debye Scherrer equation with broadening of the XRD peaks. The methyl orange degradation efficiencies of the Mg65Cu20Y13La2 alloys were evaluated by using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) techniques. The XRD and SEM results showed that the microstructure of the powders changed during MA. After 10 h milling time, three intermetallic phases were obtained as Mg2Cu2La, Mg24Y5, and Mg2Cu. The results also showed that a solid solution phase, α-Mg(Cu, Y, La), with an average crystallite size 21 nm was formed after 100 h milling time. DSC trace of the Mg65Cu20Y13La2 powders showed two exothermic peaks for the 10 h milling time, while it did not show any peaks for the 100 h milling time. Photocatalytic decomposition of the methyl orange solution by the Mg65Cu20Y13La2 alloy was evaluated by UV–Vis spectra with a decrease in absorbance at a wavelength of 465 nm. After a 20 min exposure, UV–Vis, FT-IR, and GC–MS analysis showed that the methyl orange samples were almost completely degradation by using the Mg65Cu20Y13La2 powders. The Mg65Cu20Y13La2 alloy exhibits a good reusability of 92% by the four cycle and a high efficiency was achieved in all the pH values in the range of 5–9. The results prove that the Mg65Cu20Y13La2 alloy is an efficient and promising material for dyeing wastewater treatment.
Work-Related Fear-Avoidance Beliefs and Risk of Low-Back Pain: Prospective Cohort Study Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Jakobsen Markus Due , Vinstrup Jonas , Andersen Lars Louis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Low-back pain (LBP) is a prevalent condition among healthcare workers, negatively affecting well-being and work ability. Research has identified fear-avoidance beliefs, i.e., the belief that physical activities worsen or prolong pain, as a key psychological factor in LBP. Given the physical demands of healthcare work, understanding the link between fear-avoidance and LBP is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies. This study investigated the prospective association between fear-avoidance beliefs and risk of increased LBP intensity and duration in hospital workers.

Methods
Fear-avoidance beliefs and LBP were assessed in 1933 healthcare workers from 389 departments at 19 hospitals at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Associations between baseline work-related fear-avoidance beliefs (FABW) and LBP intensity and duration at follow-up were analyzed using cumulative logistic regression, adjusting for various factors including age, sex, baseline LBP, education, seniority, patient transfers, psychosocial work environment, and lifestyle.

Results
Moderate and high FABW was associated with higher odds of increased pain intensity (OR: 1.37 [95% CI 1.09–1.73] and 1.85 [95% CI 1.18–2.88], respectively) and prolonged pain duration (OR: 1.37 [95% CI 1.05—1.78] and 2.27 [95% CI 1.50–3.44], respectively). A sensitivity analysis including only female nurses showed similar results, with the high FABW group having significantly higher odds of increased pain intensity (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.84–4.72) and duration (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.55–4.49).

Conclusions
Fear-avoidance beliefs increase the risk of LBP intensity and duration among healthcare workers, emphasizing the need for interventions dealing with psychological aspects of LBP.
Estimation of mode I fracture toughness of rocks exposed to different environmental conditions using simple and linear multiple regression
Authors: Özdemir Engin , Eren Sarici Didem 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMode I fracture toughness (Kıc) is a critical parameter in rock mechanics that is essential for understanding how rocks behave under tensile loading and crucial for applications ranging from safety assessments to structural design in geotechnical engineering. This study comprehensively investigates the influence of various environmental conditions (dry, saturated, frozen, thermal shock and thermal aging) on the physico-mechanical properties and Kıc of rocks. The primary novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive modeling approach under diverse environmental conditions, providing a nuanced understanding of factors influencing rock fracture toughness. By extending analysis to less-studied conditions such as freezing and thermal shock cycles, the study enhances the predictive capacity of fracture toughness models in practical geotechnical applications. Physico-mechanical properties, including uniaxial compressive strength, point load strength, Brazilian tensile strength (BT), Schmidt hardness, and ultrasonic wave velocity were evaluated across different environmental scenarios. Simple and linear multiple regression models were developed using these properties to predict Kıc. Notably, BT emerged as a significant predictor in the simple regression analyzes. Ten linear multiple regression models were formulated using SPSS 20, combining mechanical tests (UCS, BT, PL) with non-destructive testing methods (Vp, Vs, SH), demonstrating robust predictive capabilities with R2 values exceeding 0.95. Performance metrics (mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, root mean square error) were used to verify the accuracy of the model.
Pituitary Apoplexy: a re-appraisal of risk factors and best management strategies in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Boyke Andre E. , Michel Michelot , Mamelak Adam N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPituitary apoplexy (PA) is a clinical syndrome caused by acute hemorrhage and/or infarction of the pituitary gland, most commonly in the setting of a pituitary macroadenoma. PA generally presents with severe headache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbance, and, in more severe cases, altered mental status. Many factors have been attributed to the risk of developing PA, including most recently, numerous reports showcasing an association with COVID-19 infection or vaccination. Initial management of PA includes evaluation and correction of deficient hormones and electrolytes and an assessment if surgical decompression to relieve pressure on optic nerves and other brain structures is needed. While prompt recognition and treatment are crucial to avoid morbidity and mortality, in the modern era, PA is less commonly considered a true neurosurgical emergency requiring immediate (< 24 h) surgical decompression. Traditionally, surgical decompression has been the standard of care for significant mass effects. However, several studies have shown similar outcomes in visual and hormonal recovery with either surgical decompression or conservative medical management. Unfortunately, most evidence on optimal management strategies is limited to retrospective case series, small prospective studies, and one multi-center observational study. This review aims to provide the most up-to-date evidence on the role of COVID-19 in PA and best management strategies.
Quantum computation with electrons trapped on liquid Helium by using the centimeter-wave manipulating techniques
Authors: Li Yufen , He Suirong , Zhang Miao , Wei Lianfu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSurface-state electrons floating on liquid Helium have been served as one of the great potential experimental platforms to implement quantum computation, wherein the qubits are usually encoded by either the lowest two levels of the vertical vibrations (i.e., Hydrogen-like atoms) or the electronic spins. Given the relevant operations require additional techniques, such as the corresponding millimeter-wave or magnetic field manipulations, here we investigate how to implement the scalable quantum computation with a trapped electron array by alternatively using the usual centimeter-wave manipulating techniques. This is because the eigenfrequency of the present qubit, encoded by the two lowest levels of the lateral vibration of the trapped electron, is limited in the centimeter-wave band. We show that, by biasing the electrodes properly and driving the coplanar waveguide transmission line resonator, the electrons can be individually trapped in a series of anharmonic potentials on liquid Helium. Therefore, the well-developed circuit quantum electrodynamics technique for the implementation of superconducting quantum computation can be conveniently utilized here in the present quantum computing platform (proposed firstly in Phys Rev Lett 105:040503, 2010, to implement the fundamental logic gates, typically such as the single-qubit rotations of the individually addressable trapped electrons, the switchable two-qubit manipulations between the electrons trapped in the distant traps, and also the high-fidelity readouts of the target qubits. The feasibility of the proposal is also discussed by numerical simulations.