bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast demographic traits promote high diversification rates of Amazonian trees
Authors: Baker Timothy R. , Pennington R. Toby , Magallon Susana , Gloor Emanuel , Laurance William F. , Alexiades Miguel , Alvarez Esteban , Araujo Alejandro , Arets Eric J. M. M. , Aymard Gerardo , de Oliveira Atila Alves , Amaral Iêda , Arroyo Luzmila , Bonal Damien , Brienen Roel J. W. , Chave Jerome , Dexter Kyle G. , Di Fiore Anthony , Eler Eduardo , Feldpausch Ted R. , Ferreira Leandro , Lopez‐Gonzalez Gabriela , van der Heijden Geertje , Higuchi Niro , Honorio Eurídice , Huamantupa Isau , Killeen Tim J. , Laurance Susan , Leaño Claudio , Lewis Simon L. , Malhi Yadvinder , Marimon Beatriz Schwantes , Marimon Junior Ben Hur , Monteagudo Mendoza Abel , Neill David , Peñuela‐Mora Maria Cristina , Pitman Nigel , Prieto Adriana , Quesada Carlos A. , Ramírez Fredy , Ramírez Angulo Hirma , Rudas Agustin , Ruschel Ademir R. , Salomão Rafael P. , de Andrade Ana Segalin , Silva J. Natalino M. , Silveira Marcos , Simon Marcelo F. , Spironello Wilson , Steege Hans ter , Terborgh John , Toledo Marisol , Torres‐Lezama Armando , Vasquez Rodolfo , Vieira Ima Célia Guimarães , Vilanova Emilio , Vos Vincent A. , Phillips Oliver L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Amazon rain forest sustains the world's highest tree diversity, but it remains unclear why some clades of trees are hyperdiverse, whereas others are not. Using dated phylogenies, estimates of current species richness and trait and demographic data from a large network of forest plots, we show that fast demographic traits – short turnover times – are associated with high diversification rates across 51 clades of canopy trees. This relationship is robust to assuming that diversification rates are either constant or decline over time, and occurs in a wide range of Neotropical tree lineages. This finding reveals the crucial role of intrinsic, ecological variation among clades for understanding the origin of the remarkable diversity of Amazonian trees and forests.
Biopolitics and Adaptation: Governing Socio‐Ecological Contingency Through Climate Change and Disaster Studies
Authors: Grove Kevin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper brings together Foucauldian approaches to biopolitics and recent developments in climate change and disaster studies on vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience to develop a biopolitics of adaptation. I approach climate change impact assessments, vulnerability approaches, and resilience approaches as distinct systems of knowledge with biopolitical effects. This means that each renders life amenable to governmental intervention and control through specific sets of techniques and rationalities that produce “truths” about emergent life and how to secure this life. A biopolitical reading offers a critical alternative to conventional narratives of these fields' development, which suggest that the emergence of vulnerability and resilience approaches provide progressively more complex accounts of risk that shine new light on the “vulnerability puzzle.” In contrast, this review suggests that the emergence of vulnerability and resilience approaches allow researchers and practitioners to target increasingly intimate levels of socio‐ecological life, the affective relations between people and their environments. In drawing attention to the often under‐acknowledged politics of life at play in climate change and disaster studies, this review seeks to highlight possibilities for a subversive and affirmative biopolitics of adaptation that transgresses rather than sustains existing political ecological order.
Utility of PAX8 mouse monoclonal antibody in the diagnosis of thyroid, thymic, pleural and lung tumours: a comparison with polyclonal PAX8 antibody
Authors: Toriyama Akane , Mori Taisuke , Sekine Shigeki , Yoshida Akihiko , Hino Okio , Tsuta Koji 
Published: March 2014

AimsThe purpose of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical staining profiles of PAX8‐polyclonal, PAX8‐monoclonal, PAX5‐monoclonal and PAX6‐monoclonal antibodies in several histological types of primary thoracic and thyroid tumours. In addition, we analysed PAX8 mRNA expression by using in‐situ hybridization.Methods and resultsWe compared polyclonal PAX8 and monoclonal PAX8, PAX5 and PAX6 antibodies in 962 samples (687 lung carcinomas, 40 malignant pleural mesotheliomas, 138 thymic tumours and 97 thyroid tumours) using the tissue microarray technique. Among thyroid tumours, the monoclonal and polyclonal PAX8 antibodies showed a high positive rate (98.0%). Of 167 polyclonal PAX8 antibody‐positive tumours, except for thyroid tumours, 54 cases tested positive for PAX5 and/or PAX6 (31 lung carcinomas and 23 thymic tumours). No PAX8 mRNA expression was detected using RNAscope (in‐situ hybridization technique) other than in thyroid tumours. A portion of polyclonal PAX8 antibody‐positive tumours showed cross‐reactivity for PAX5 or PAX6 protein.ConclusionsMonoclonal PAX8 antibody showed high specificity to thyroid tumours and was superior to the polyclonal antibody.
Labor Market Institutions and Job Mobility in Asian Societies: A Comparative Study of Japan and Taiwan
Authors: Kanbayashi Hiroshi , Takenoshita Hirohisa 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this article we focus on job mobility patterns in Japan and Taiwan, exploring how local institutional settings are linked to patterns of job mobility. Previous studies have distinguished between involuntary and voluntary job mobility. However, more diverse patterns of job mobility may also exist, which are not captured by this dichotomy. In this study we used representative national survey data from Japan and Taiwan and analyzed five types of job turnover: involuntary, positive voluntary, negative voluntary, family related and other. Using event history models we found significant differences between the two societies. First, the effect of higher education on voluntary job mobility was weaker in Japan than in Taiwan. Second, the effect of organizational size on voluntary job mobility was stronger in Japan than in Taiwan. Third, these tendencies were more significant for men than for women. These results suggest that the local institutional filters affect the turnover process.
Fatal early peripheral post‐reperfusion syndrome and the role of cutaneous signs
Authors: Serra Raffaele , Ciranni Salvatore , Molinari Vincenzo , Mastroroberto Pasquale , de Franciscis Stefano 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this report is to present the case of a 75‐year‐old male affected by right common femoral artery and abdominal aortic aneurysms. His clinical history was also characterised by post‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy, arterial hypertension, chronic respiratory disease and peripheral arterial disease. We performed two surgical procedures: right femoral aneurysmectomy and femoro‐femoral bypass and subsequently a femoro‐femoral crossover bypass plus right femoro‐popliteal bypass below the knee. The second operation became necessary in order to treat acute occlusion of the right iliac‐femoral arterial axis. The patient developed a progressive and aggressive lower limb post‐perfusion syndrome associated to frank peripheral oedema, myocardial stunning, reperfusion arrhythmias, renal failure and respiratory distress. Cutaneous alterations (oedema of the leg, mottled skin and cyanosis of the foot) were more specific compared with Doppler ultrasound that showed the presence of adequate blood flow in the early phase. On the basis of this experience and of pertinent literature, this study represents a challenge for the understanding of the exact mechanism of origin and progression of post‐reperfusion syndrome.
The Contingent Effects of Social Network Sparseness and Centrality on Managerial Innovativeness
Authors: Wong Sze‐Sze , Boh Wai Fong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPrior research has highlighted that network sparseness and network centrality enhance innovativeness through access to information and influence, respectively. We advance this perspective by exploring the extent to which individual actions are needed to mobilize information and influence accessed through social networks, and whether such information and influence would mutually reinforce to enhance managerial innovativeness. Our findings found partial support for the idea that actions are needed to actualize potential resources embedded in social networks, as centrally positioned managers enjoy higher innovativeness when they engage in ambassador activities. We also found that advice network sparseness and advice network centrality had independent, not interactive relationships with managerial innovativeness, suggesting that they offer distinct routes to achieving managerial innovativeness. Overall, our research clarifies the relationships of two important social network attributes on managerial innovativeness, and also sheds new light on how managerial action matters in realizing social network advantages for innovative ends.
The geology of the Målingen structure: A probable doublet to the Lockne marine‐target impact crater, central Sweden
Authors: Ormö J. , Sturkell E. , Nõlvak J. , Melero‐Asensio I. , Frisk Å. , Wikström T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Målingen structure is an approximately 700 m wide, rimmed, sediment‐filled, circular depression in Precambrian crystalline basement approximately 16.2 km from the concentric, marine‐target Lockne crater (inner, basement crater diameter approximately 7.5 km, total diameter in sedimentary strata approximately 13.5 km). We present here results from geologic mapping, a 148.8 m deep core drilling from the center of the structure, detailed biostratigraphic dating of the structure's formation and its age correlation with Lockne, chemostratigraphy of the sedimentary infill, and indication for shock metamorphism in quartz from breccias below the crater infill. The drill core reveals, from bottom to the top, approximately 33 m of basement rocks with increased fracturing upward, approximately 10 m of polymict crystalline breccia with shock features, approximately 97 m of slumped Cambrian mudstone, approximately 4.7 m of a normally graded, polymict sedimentary breccia that in its uppermost part grades into sandstone and siltstone (cf. resurge deposits), and approximately 1.6 m of secular sediments. The combined data set shows that the Målingen structure formed in conjunction with the Lockne crater in the same marine setting. The shape and depth of the basement crater and the cored sequence of crystalline breccias with shocked quartz, slumped sediments, and resurge deposits support an impact origin. The stratigraphic and geographic relationship with Lockne suggests the Lockne and Målingen craters to be the first described doublet impact structure by a binary asteroid into a marine‐target setting.
Impact of contact lens zone geometry and ocular optics on bifocal retinal image quality
Authors: Bradley Arthur , Nam Jayoung , Xu Renfeng , Harman Leslie , Thibos Larry 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeTo examine the separate and combined influences of zone geometry, pupil size, diffraction, apodisation and spherical aberration on the optical performance of concentric zonal bifocals.MethodsZonal bifocal pupil functions representing eye + ophthalmic correction were defined by interleaving wavefronts from separate optical zones of the bifocal. A two‐zone design (a central circular inner zone surrounded by an annular outer‐zone which is bounded by the pupil) and a five‐zone design (a central small circular zone surrounded by four concentric annuli) were configured with programmable zone geometry, wavefront phase and pupil transmission characteristics. Using computational methods, we examined the effects of diffraction, Stiles Crawford apodisation, pupil size and spherical aberration on optical transfer functions for different target distances.ResultsApodisation alters the relative weighting of each zone, and thus the balance of near and distance optical quality. When spherical aberration is included, the effective distance correction, add power and image quality depend on zone‐geometry and Stiles Crawford Effect apodisation. When the outer zone width is narrow, diffraction limits the available image contrast when focused, but as pupil dilates and outer zone width increases, aberrations will limit the best achievable image quality. With two‐zone designs, balancing near and distance image quality is not achieved with equal area inner and outer zones. With significant levels of spherical aberration, multi‐zone designs effectively become multifocals.ConclusionWave optics and pupil varying ocular optics significantly affect the imaging capabilities of different optical zones of concentric bifocals. With two‐zone bifocal designs, diffraction, pupil apodisation spherical aberration, and zone size influence both the effective add power and the pupil size required to balance near and distance image quality. Five‐zone bifocal designs achieve a high degree of pupil size independence, and thus will provide more consistent performance as pupil size varies with light level and convergence amplitude.
Interpreting species‐specific variation in tree‐ring oxygen isotope ratios among three temperate forest trees
Authors: SONG XIN , CLARK KENNETH S. , HELLIKER BRENT R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAlthough considerable variation has been documented in tree‐ring cellulose oxygen isotope ratios (δ18Ocell) among co‐occurring species, the underlying causes are unknown. Here, we used a combination of field measurements and modelling to investigate the mechanisms behind variations in late‐wood δ18Ocell (δ18Olc) among three co‐occurring species (chestnut oak, black oak and pitch pine) in a temperate forest. For two growing seasons, we quantified among‐species variation in δ18Olc, as well as several variables that could potentially cause the δ18Olc variation. Data analysis based on the δ18Ocell model rules out leaf water enrichment (Δ18Olw) and tree‐ring formation period (Δt), but highlights source water δ18O (δ18Osw) as an important driver for the measured difference in δ18Olc between black and chestnut oak. However, the enriched δ18Olc in pitch pine relative to the oaks could not be sufficiently explained by consideration of the above three variables only, but rather, we show that differences in the proportion of oxygen exchange during cellulose synthesis (pex) is most likely a key mechanism. Our demonstration of the relevance of some species‐specific features (or lack thereof) to δ18Ocell has important implications for isotope based ecophysiological/paleoclimate studies.
Updates on the Management of Diabetes in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Rhee Connie M. , Leung Angela M. , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Lynch Katherine E. , Brent Gregory A. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is the leading cause of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in the U.S. and many countries globally. The role of improved glycemic control in ameliorating the exceedingly high mortality risk of diabetic dialysis patients is unclear. The treatment of diabetes in ESRD patients is challenging, given changes in glucose homeostasis, the unclear accuracy of glycemic control metrics, and the altered pharmacokinetics of glucose‐lowering drugs by kidney dysfunction, the uremic milieu, and dialysis therapy. Up to one‐third of diabetic dialysis patients may experience spontaneous resolution of hyperglycemia with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels <6%, a phenomenon known as “Burnt‐Out Diabetes,” which remains with unclear biologic plausibility and undetermined clinical implications. Conventional methods of glycemic control assessment are confounded by the laboratory abnormalities and comorbidities associated with ESRD. Similar to more recent approaches in the general population, there is concern that glucose normalization may be harmful in ESRD patients. There is uncertainty surrounding the optimal glycemic target in this population, although recent epidemiologic data suggest that HbA1c ranges of 6% to 8%, as well as 7% to 9%, are associated with increased survival rates among diabetic dialysis patients. Lastly, many glucose‐lowering drugs and their active metabolites are renally metabolized and excreted, and hence, require dose adjustment or avoidance in dialysis patients.
Ethnic Helping and Group Identity: A Study among Majority Group Children
Authors: Sierksma Jellie , Thijs Jochem , Verkuyten Maykel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTwo vignette studies were conducted on children's evaluations of ethnic helping. In the first study, 272 nativeDutch children (mean age=10.7) evaluated a child who refused to help in an intra‐group context (Dutch–Dutch orTurkish–Turkish) or inter‐group context (Dutch–Turkish orTurkish–Dutch). Children evaluated not helping in intra‐group situations more negatively than not helping in inter‐group situations. This suggests that they applied a general moral norm of group loyalty that states that children should help peers of their own group. In the second study, 830 children (mean age=10.7) read the same vignettes after their ethnic group membership was made salient. In the inter‐group contexts, children who strongly identified with their ethnic group evaluated an out‐group member not helping an in‐group member more negatively than vice versa. Thus, when ethnic identity was salient, children tended to focus more on group identity rather than on the principle of group loyalty.
Hepatitis C Virus Genetic Variability and the Presence of NS5B Resistance-Associated Mutations as Natural Polymorphisms in Selected Genotypes Could Affect the Response to NS5B Inhibitors
Authors: Di Maio V. C. , Cento V. , Mirabelli C. , Artese A. , Costa G. , Alcaro S. , Perno C. F. , Ceccherini-Silberstein F. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBecause of the extreme genetic variability of hepatitis C virus (HCV), we analyzed the NS5B polymerase genetic variability in circulating HCV genotypes/subtypes and its impact on the genetic barrier for the development of resistance to clinically relevant nucleoside inhibitors (NIs)/nonnucleoside inhibitors (NNIs). The study included 1,145 NS5B polymerase sequences retrieved from the Los Alamos HCV database and GenBank. The genetic barrier was calculated for drug resistance emergence. Prevalence and genetic barrier were calculated for 1 major NI and 32 NNI resistance variants (13 major and 19 minor) at 21 total NS5B positions. Docking calculations were used to analyze sofosbuvir affinity toward the diverse HCV genotypes. Overall, NS5B polymerase was moderately conserved among all HCV genotypes, with 313/591 amino acid residues (53.0%) showing ≤1% variability and 83/591 residues (14.0%) showing high variability (≥25.1%). Nine NNI resistance variants (2 major variants, 414L and 423I; 7 minor variants, 316N, 421V, 445F, 482L, 494A, 499A, and 556G) were found as natural polymorphisms in selected genotypes. In particular, 414L and 423I were found in HCV genotype 4 (HCV-4) (n= 14/38, 36.8%) and in all HCV-5 sequences (n= 17, 100%), respectively. Regardless of HCV genotype, the 282T major NI resistance variant and 10 major NNI resistance variants (316Y, 414L, 423I/T/V, 448H, 486V, 495L, 554D, and 559G) always required a single nucleotide substitution to be generated. Conversely, the other 3 major NNI resistance variants (414T, 419S, and 422K) were associated with a different genetic barrier score development among the six HCV genotypes. Sofosbuvir docking analysis highlighted a better ligand affinity toward HCV-2 than toward HCV-3, in agreement with the experimental observations. The genetic variability among HCV genotypes, particularly with the presence of polymorphisms at NNI resistance positions, could affect their responsiveness to NS5B inhibitors. A pretherapy HCV NS5B sequencing could help to provide patients with the full efficacy of NNI-containing regimens.
Last millennium dispersal of air-fall tephra and ocean-rafted pumice towards the north Icelandic shelf and the Nordic seas
Authors: Larsen Gudrún , Eiríksson Jón , Gudmundsdóttir Esther R. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The paper focuses on dispersal of airborne tephra that may have reached the marine environment north of Iceland during the last millennium, particularly the shelf off north Iceland. Many of these tephra horizons may extend into the Nordic Seas and the Arctic. The tephrochronology of Iceland after the settlement in the late ninth century AD relates to volcanic events that have been dated with documentary records as well as ice cores. The relevant eruptions for long-distance transport of tephra have been explosive or partly explosive, and mostly deposited from volcanic plumes. However, other methods of transport into the area north of Iceland are also considered. These include rafting of pumice from offshore eruptions elsewhere around Iceland, leading to instantaneous flotation of tephra, and river-rafted pumice from inland areas of heavy tephra fall, as well as potential contributions from volcanogenic glacial bursts.
Airborne tephra in 25–30 explosive and partly explosive eruptions had the potential to reach the north Icelandic shelf and beyond during the time slice considered here. Four instances of ocean-rafted pumice off the north coast are known. Tephra from 15 of these eruptions has been identified in marine cores from the north Icelandic shelf and eastern Norwegian sea.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy and Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Philips Binu , Madhavan Srinivasa , James Cynthia A. , te Riele Anneline S.J.M. , Murray Brittney , Tichnell Crystal , Bhonsale Aditya , Nazarian Saman , Judge Daniel P. , Calkins Hugh , Tandri Harikrishna , Cheng Alan 
Published: March 2014

Background—
Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) may show overlap in the clinical presentation with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C). We sought to investigate patients with CS who were misdiagnosed with ARVD/C and identify clinical features to distinguish these 2 groups.

Methods and Results—

Among patients enrolled in the Johns Hopkins ARVD/C registry, 15 patients with definite 2010 diagnostic criteria for ARVD/C were subsequently diagnosed with CS. Forty-two pathogenic desmosomal mutation carriers with definite ARVD/C based on the 2010 diagnostic criteria served as a control group. Patients with CS were older at the age of symptom onset, more likely to have comorbidities, and develop heart failure symptoms over time (
P
<0.05). Electrocardiographically, PR interval prolongation and high-grade atrioventricular block were exclusively associated with CS (
P
<0.05). HV interval prolongation and increased number of ventricular tachycardias induced were also associated with CS (
P
<0.05). Radiographically, significant left ventricular dysfunction, myocardial delayed enhancement of the septum, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were more often see in those with CS (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—
The 2010 diagnostic criteria for ARVD/C have limited discrimination in distinguishing between ARVD/C and CS. Despite the overlay in clinical presentation, older age of symptom onset, presence of cardiovascular comorbidities, nonfamilial pattern of disease, PR interval prolongation, high-grade atrioventricular block, significant left ventricular dysfunction, myocardial delayed enhancement of the septum, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy should raise the suspicion for CS.