bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coastal Ecosystems: A Critical Element of Risk Reduction
Authors: Spalding Mark D. , McIvor Anna L. , Beck Michael W. , Koch Evamaria W. , Möller Iris , Reed Denise J. , Rubinoff Pamela , Spencer Thomas , Tolhurst Trevor J. , Wamsley Ty V. , van Wesenbeeck Bregje K. , Wolanski Eric , Woodroffe Colin D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe conservation of coastal ecosystems can provide considerable coastal protection benefits, but this role has not been sufficiently accounted for in coastal planning and engineering. Substantial evidence now exists showing how, and under what conditions, ecosystems can play a valuable function in wave and storm surge attenuation, erosion reduction, and in the longer term maintenance of the coastal profile. Both through their capacity for self repair and recovery, and through the often considerable cobenefits they provide, ecosystems can offer notable advantages over traditional engineering approaches in some settings. They can also be combined in “hybrid” engineering designs. We make 10 recommendations to encourage the utilization of existing knowledge and to improve the incorporation of ecosystems into policy, planning and funding for coastal hazard risk reduction.
Physiological serum bilirubin concentrations are inversely associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chung J. O. , Cho D. H. , Chung D. J. , Chung M. Y. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsAlthough severe hyperbilirubinaemia causes kernicterus in neonates, normal to modestly elevated bilirubin concentrations have been reported to be neuroprotective. However, the relationship between serum bilirubin concentrations and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes is currently unknown. This study assessed the relationships between physiological serum total bilirubin concentrations and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsA total of 2991 patients with Type 2 diabetes were investigated in this cross‐sectional study. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was diagnosed by a cardiovascular reflex test. According to the American Diabetes Association criteria, the degree of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction was graded into normal, early, definite and severe. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was either definite or severe in the present study. An analysis of covariance after adjustment for other covariates was performed. A logistic regression model was used to assess an association of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy with serum total bilirubin tertiles.ResultsSerum total bilirubin concentrations were significantly lower in subjects with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. The mean total bilirubin values differed significantly according to the severity of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (normal 13.0 μmol/l; early 12.3 μmol/l; definite 11.8 μmol/l; severe 10.1 μmol/l; P for trend < 0.001) after adjustment for other covariates. In multivariate analysis, serum total bilirubin levels were significantly associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (odds ratio 0.36; 95% CI 0.21–0.63 for the highest vs. the lowest bilirubin tertile, P < 0.001).ConclusionsSerum total bilirubin concentrations within the physiologic range are inversely associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
The association between BMI and hospitalization for heart failure in 83 021 persons with Type 2 diabetes: a population‐based study from the Swedish National Diabetes Registry
Authors: Glogner S. , Rosengren A. , Olsson M. , Gudbjörnsdottir S. , Svensson A.‐M. , Lind M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAim'sThe aim was to To study the relationship between BMI and hospitalization for heart failure in people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe identified 83 021 individuals with Type 2 diabetes from the Swedish National Diabetes Registry during 1998–2003, who were followed until hospitalization for heart failure, death or end of follow‐up on 31 December 2009. Cox regression analyses were performed, adjusting for age, sex, HbA1c, blood pressure, diabetes duration, smoking, microalbuminuria, cardiac co‐morbidities, glucose‐lowering and anti‐hypertensive medications.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 7.2 years, 10 969 patients (13.2%) were hospitalized with heart failure. By categories of BMI, with BMI 20 to < 25 kg/m2 as the reference, hazard ratios for patients during follow‐up were 1.07 (95% CI 0.91–1.26) for a mean BMI of < 20 kg/m2, 1.04 (95% CI 0.98–1.11) for BMI 25 to < 27.5 kg/m2, 1.22 (95% CI 1.15–1.30) for BMI 27.5 to < 30 kg/m2, 1.54 (95% CI 1.45–1.63) for BMI 30 to < 35 kg/m2, 2.16 (95% CI 2.00–2.33) for BMI 35 to < 40 kg/m2 and 3.22 (95% CI 2.88–3.60) for BMI 40 kg/m2 or higher. There was a significant interaction between BMI and sex (P = 0.0006), with numerically higher hazard ratios for hospitalization for heart failure within each BMI category for men than for women.ConclusionsObesity is strongly related to hospitalization for heart failure in people with Type 2 diabetes, and the relationship is somewhat stronger for men than for women. Preventing weight gain and promoting weight loss may be crucial in reducing the incidence of future hospitalizations for heart failure in this population.
Cardiac Arrest during Exercise; Rupture of the Sinus of Valsalva with Dissection into the Interventricular Septum
Authors: Yoo Seung Jin , Shin Dae‐Hee , Kim Eun Jung , Lee Je Hoon , Oh Kwang Hoon , Choi Kyu Un 
Published: October 2013

Mini‐AbstractWe report the case of a healthy 26‐year‐old man with rupture of the sinus of Valsalva with dissection into the interventricular septum presented as ventricular fibrillation. Echocardiography showed precisely the ruptured site initiated from the right coronary cusp into the interventricular septal wall. That made a false cavity in the septum without outlet. There was moderate aortic regurgitation, but no significant dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. This finding was confirmed on chest computed tomography scan.
Cerebellar continuous theta‐burst stimulation affects motor learning of voluntary arm movements in humans
Authors: Li Voti Pietro , Conte Antonella , Rocchi Lorenzo , Bologna Matteo , Khan Nashaba , Leodori Giorgio , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this study we investigated in healthy subjects whether continuous theta‐burst stimulation (cTBS) over the lateral cerebellum alters motor practice and retention phases during ipsilateral index finger and arm reaching movements. In 12 healthy subjects we delivered cTBS before repeated index finger abductions or arm reaching movements differing in complexity (reaching‐to‐grasp and reaching‐to‐point). We evaluated kinematic variables for index finger and arm reaching movements and changes in primary motor cortex (M1) activity tested with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Peak acceleration increased during motor practice for index finger abductions and reaching‐to‐grasp movements and persisted during motor retention. Peak acceleration decreased during motor practice for reaching‐to‐point movements and the decrease remained during motor retention. Cerebellar cTBS left the changes in peak acceleration during motor practice for index finger abductions and reaching‐to‐grasp arm movements unchanged but reduced peak acceleration at motor retention. Cerebellar cTBS prevented the decrease in peak acceleration for reaching‐to‐point movements during motor practice and at motor retention. Index finger abductions and arm reaching movements increased M1 excitability. Cerebellar cTBS decreased the motor evoked potential (MEP) facilitation induced by index finger movements, but increased the MEP facilitation after reaching‐to‐grasp and reaching‐to‐point movements. Cerebellar stimulation prevents motor retention for index finger abductions, reaching‐to‐grasp and reaching‐to‐point movements and degrades motor practice only for reaching‐to‐point movements. Cerebellar cTBS alters practice‐related changes in M1 excitability depending on how intensely the cerebellum contributes to the task. Changes in M1 excitability reflect mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity elicited by the interaction of an ‘exogenous’ (cTBS‐induced) and an ‘endogenous’ (motor practice‐induced) plasticity‐inducing protocol.
Astrocyte‐restricted disruption of connexin‐43 impairs neuronal plasticity in mouse barrel cortex
Authors: Han Yong , Yu Han‐xiao , Sun Man‐li , Wang Yiner , Xi Wang , Yu Yan‐qin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThere is intensive gap‐junctional coupling between glial processes, but their significance in sensory functions remains unknown. Connexin‐43 (Cx43), a major component of astrocytic gap‐junction channels, is abundantly expressed in astrocytes. To investigate the role of Cx43‐mediated gap junctions between astrocytes in sensory functions, we generated Cx43 knockout (KO) mice with a mouse line carrying loxP sites flanking exon 2 of the Cx43 gene and the transgenic line expressing Cre recombinase under control of the glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter, which exhibited a significant loss of Cx43 in astrocytes in the barrel cortex. Although Cx43 expression between the astrocytes measured by immunohistochemistry was virtually abolished in Cx43 KO mice, they had normal architecture in the barrel cortex but the intensity of cytochrome oxide histochemistry decreased significantly. In vivo electrophysiological analysis revealed that the long‐term potentiation of the vibrissal evoked responses in the barrel cortex evoked by high‐frequency rhythmic vibrissal stimuli (100 Hz, 1 s) was abolished in Cx43 KO mice. Current source density analysis also revealed that astrocytic Cx43 was important to the flow of excitation within the laminar connections in barrel cortex. Behavioral tests showed that the ability of Cx43 KO mice to sense the environment with their whiskers decreased. Even so, the jump‐stand experiment showed that they could still discriminate rough from smooth surfaces. Our findings suggest that Cx43‐mediated gap‐junctional coupling between astrocytes is important in the neuron–glia interactions required for whisker‐related sensory functions and plasticity.
Giants' shoulders 15 years later: lessons, challenges and guidelines in fisheries meta‐analysis
Authors: Thorson James T , Cope Jason M , Kleisner Kristin M , Samhouri Jameal F , Shelton Andrew O , Ward Eric J 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMeta‐analysis has been an integral tool for fisheries researchers since the late 1990s. However, there remain few guidelines for the design, implementation or interpretation of meta‐analyses in the field of fisheries. Here, we provide the necessary background for readers, authors and reviewers, including a brief history of the use of meta‐analysis in fisheries, an overview of common model types and distinctions, and examples of different goals that can be achieved using meta‐analysis. We outline the primary challenges in implementing meta‐analyses, including difficulties in discriminating between alternative hypotheses that can explain the data with equal plausibility, the importance of validating results using multiple lines of evidence, the trade‐off between complexity and sample size and problems associated with the use of model output. For each of these challenges, we also provide suggestions, such as the use of propensity scores for dealing with selection bias and the use of covariates to control for confounding effects. These challenges are then illustrated with examples from diverse subfields of fisheries, including (i) the analysis of the stock–recruit relationship, (ii) fisheries management, rebuilding and population viability, (iii) habitat‐specific vital rates, (iv) life‐history theory and (v) the evaluation of marine reserves. We conclude with our reasons for believing that meta‐analysis will continue to grow in importance for these and many other research goals in fisheries science and argue that standards of practice are therefore essential.
Chronological and paleoceanographic constraints ofMiocene toPliocene ‘mud sea’ in theRyukyuIslands (southwesternJapan) based on calcareous nannofossil assemblages
Authors: Imai Ryo , Sato Tokiyuki , Iryu Yasufumi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTheCenozoic sedimentary succession inOkinawa‐jima, including the upperMiocene toPleistocene siliciclastic deposits (ShimajiriGroup) and thePleistocene reef to shelf deposits (RyukyuGroup), suggests a drastic paleoceanographic change from a ‘mud sea’ to a ‘coral sea.’ To delineate the paleoceanographic evolution of the mud sea, we quantified the stratigraphic distribution of the calcareous nannofossil assemblages from theShimajiriGroup in a 2119.49 m‐deep well (NanjoR1ExploratoryWell) drilled in southernOkinawa‐jima (RyukyuIslands, southwesternJapan). Four lateMiocene andPliocene datum planes were found in the studied interval: the first occurrence ofAmaurolithusspp. (7.42 Ma), the last occurrence ofDiscoaster quinqueramus(5.59 Ma), the first occurrence ofCeratolithus rugosus(5.12 Ma), and the last occurrence ofReticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus(3.70 Ma). The calcareous nannofossil assemblages from theTomigusukuFormation and the lower part of theYonabaruFormation are characterized by a lower total number of coccoliths and abundantSphenolithus abiesthat is associated, at times, with commonDiscoasterspp. Overall, these suggest the existence of oligotrophic conditions between 5.3 and >8.3 Ma. The total number of coccoliths increased and smallReticulofenestraspp. became more common in the middle part of theYonabaru Formation, suggesting that eutrophic conditions were present between 3.5 and 5.3 Ma. The rare occurrence of calcareous nannofossils in the upper part of theYonabaruFormation indicates a return to oligotrophic conditions at 3.5 Ma. Micropaleontological evidence suggests that these oceanographic changes were likely caused by local tectonic movement (shallowing of the sedimentary basin in which theShimajiriGroup was deposited).
Origins of Birimian (ca 2.2 Ga) mafic magmatism and the Paleoproterozoic ‘greenstone belt’ metallogeny: a review
Authors: Nyame Frank K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Birimian of the West African Craton is an important repository of Paleoproterozoic mafic magmatism, described by many workers as petrologically dominated by basaltic to andesitic rocks. In spite of extensive work done, opinions still differ on the origin and other salient features in these globally significant igneous rocks. Even less well understood is the relationship that may exist between the mafic rocks and prolific metalliferous deposits such as manganese and gold that are hosted in these rocks. This review suggests that the frequently observed association between mafic rocks and important mineral deposits may have far more genetic implications than previously envisaged.
Gender, Age, and Psychosocial Context of the Perception of Facial Esthetics
Authors: Tole Nikoleta , Lajnert Vlatka , Kovacevic Pavicic Daniela , Spalj Stjepan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the effects of gender, age, and psychosocial context on the perception of facial esthetics.MethodsThe study included 1,444 Caucasian subjects aged 16 to 85 years. Two sets of color photographs illustrating 13 male and 13 female Caucasian facial type alterations, representing different skeletal and dentoalveolar components of sagittal maxillary–mandibular relationships, were used to estimate the facial profile attractiveness. The examinees graded the profiles based on a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale. The examinees graded the profiles of their own sex only from a social perspective, whereas opposite sex profiles were graded both from the social and emotional perspective separately.ResultsThe perception of facial esthetics was found to be related to the gender, age, and psychosocial context of evaluation (p < 0.05). The most attractive profiles to men are the orthognathic female profile from the social perspective and the moderate bialveolar protrusion from the emotional perspective. The most attractive profile to women is the orthognathic male profile, when graded from the social aspect, and the mild bialveolar retrusion when graded from the emotional aspect. The age increase of the assessor results in a higher attractiveness grade.ConclusionsWhen planning treatment that modifies the facial profile, the clinician should bear in mind that the perception of facial profile esthetics is a complex phenomenon influenced by biopsychosocial factors.Clinical SignificanceThis study allows a better understanding of the concept of perception of facial esthetics that includes gender, age, and psychosocial context.
The GAFa domain of phosphodiesterase‐6 contains a rod outer segment localization signal
Authors: Cheguru Pallavi , Zhang Zhongming , Artemyev Nikolai O. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPhotoreceptor phosphodiesterase‐6 (PDE6) is a peripheral membrane protein synthesized in the inner segment of photoreceptor cells. Newly synthesized PDE6 is transported to the outer segment (OS) where it serves as a key effector enzyme in the phototransduction cascade. Proper localization of PDE6 in photoreceptors is critically important to the function and survival of photoreceptor cells. The mechanism of PDE6 transport to the OS remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated potential OS targeting signals of PDE6 by constructing cGMP‐binding, cGMP‐specific phosphodiesterase‐5/PDE6 chimeric proteins and analyzing their localization in rods of transgenic Xenopus laevis. We found that efficient OS localization of chimeric isoprenylated PDE enzymes required the presence of a targeting motif within the PDE6 GAFa domain. Furthermore, the GAFa‐dependent localization signal was sufficient to target GAFa fusion protein to the OS. Our results support the idea that effective trafficking of the peripheral membrane proteins to the OS of photoreceptor cells requires a sorting/targeting motif in addition to a membrane‐binding signal.
imageTrafficking of phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6), the key phototransduction enzyme, was analyzed in rods of transgenic X. laevis by constructing transgenes for rod‐specific expression of chimeric PDE6/PDE5 proteins. Analysis of localization of chimeric PDE proteins reveals a novel GAFa domain–dependent targeting signal involved in proper trafficking of PDE6 to the rod outer segment.
Neuronal cytoskeleton in synaptic plasticity and regeneration
Authors: Gordon‐Weeks Phillip R. , Fournier Alyson E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDuring development, dynamic changes in the axonal growth cone and dendrite are necessary for exploratory movements underlying initial axo‐dendritic contact and ultimately the formation of a functional synapse. In the adult central nervous system, an impressive degree of plasticity is retained through morphological and molecular rearrangements in the pre‐ and post‐synaptic compartments that underlie the strengthening or weakening of synaptic pathways. Plasticity is regulated by the interplay of permissive and inhibitory extracellular cues, which signal through receptors at the synapse to regulate the closure of critical periods of developmental plasticity as well as by acute changes in plasticity in response to experience and activity in the adult. The molecular underpinnings of synaptic plasticity are actively studied and it is clear that the cytoskeleton is a key substrate for many cues that affect plasticity. Many of the cues that restrict synaptic plasticity exhibit residual activity in the injured adult CNS and restrict regenerative growth by targeting the cytoskeleton. Here, we review some of the latest insights into how cytoskeletal remodeling affects neuronal plasticity and discuss how the cytoskeleton is being targeted in an effort to promote plasticity and repair following traumatic injury in the central nervous system.
Comparison between placental gene expression of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and infantile growth at 10 months of age
Authors: Muramatsu‐Kato Keiko , Itoh Hiroaki , Kobayashi‐Kohmura Yukiko , Murakami Hirotake , Uchida Toshiyuki , Suzuki Kazunao , Sugihara Kazuhiro , Kanayama Naohiro , Tsuchiya Kenji J. , Takei Nori ,   Hamamatsu Birth Cohort (HBC) Study Team
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe local expression of two isoenzymes of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type 1 (11βHSD‐1) and type 2 (11βHSD‐2), regulates the access of glucocorticoid hormones to their target cells. Reports on the association between the placental expression of 11βHSD and infantile growth are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the placental gene expression of 11βHSD affects infantile growth at 10 months of age.MethodsPlacentas and umbilical venous cord blood were obtained from 42 singleton cases of cesarean deliveries between 31 and 40 weeks of gestation at Hamamatsu University Hospital between March 2009 and June 2010. The gene expression of both 11βHSD‐1 and 11βHSD‐2 was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Adiponectin and leptin levels in umbilical cord blood were measured using enzyme‐linked immunoassay.Results11βHSD‐1 and 11βHSD‐2 gene expression in human placentas did not correlate with bodyweight or the ponderal index (PI) at 10 months of age, whereas the gene expression of 11βHSD‐1, but not 11βHSD‐2, correlated with birthweight as well as PI at birth. Adiponectin levels in umbilical cord blood significantly correlated with the placental gene expression of 11βHSD‐1 as well as bodyweight and PI at 10 months of age, although no direct correlation was observed between them.ConclusionNo direct correlation was observed between the placental gene expression of 11βHSD and infantile growth at 10 months of age. However, the placental gene expression of 11βHSD‐1 may be indirectly connected with infantile growth via adiponectin‐associated metabolic regulation represented by adiponectin levels in umbilical cord blood.
Potential impact of combined high‐ and low‐risk human papillomavirus infection on the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2
Authors: Okadome Masao , Saito Toshiaki , Tanaka Hideyuki , Nogawa Takayoshi , Furuta Reiko , Watanabe Kayoko , Kita Tsunekazu , Yamamoto Kaichiro , Mikami Mikio , Takizawa Ken ,   Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG)
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimFew studies have examined the effect of combined low‐risk human papillomavirus (LR‐HPV) and high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) infection on the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2 to CIN3. This multi‐institutional prospective cohort study investigated the risk of progression of CIN2 with various combinations of HR‐HPV and LR‐HPV infection.MethodsBetween January 2007 and May 2008, 122 women with CIN2 (aged 20–50 years) from 24 hospitals throughout Japan were enrolled in the study. Ninety‐three women were analyzed after a 2‐year follow‐up with cytology, colposcopy, HR‐HPV testing and HPV genotyping. Colposcopy‐directed biopsy was performed at entry and the end of this study, or when disease progression was suspected.ResultsAmong 93 women with CIN2, 87 (93.5%) had HR‐HPV infection. Among these 87 cases, 24 (27.6%) progressed to CIN3 and 49 (56.3%) regressed. None of the six women with CIN2 without HR‐HPV infection progressed. The progression rate was significantly lower in women with combined HR‐HPV and LR‐HPV infection (3/28, 10.7%) than in those with HR‐HPV infection only (21/59, 35.6%; P = 0.016). Multivariate analyses showed that CIN2 progression in women with HR‐HPV infection was negatively associated with LR‐HPV co‐infection (hazard ratio = 0.152; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.042–0.553). CIN2 regression was positively associated with LR‐HPV co‐infection (odds ratio = 4.553; 95% CI = 1.378–15.039).ConclusionThe risk of CIN2 progression is low in women with combined infection of HR‐HPV and LR‐HPV. The finding may be useful for management of women diagnosed with CIN2.