bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NON-STATUTORY EXECUTIVE POWERS: ASSESSING GLOBAL CONSTITUTIONALISM IN A STRUCTURAL-INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
Authors: Cohn Margit 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article analyses the source, nature, and use of unilateral, non-statutory executive powers, frequently employed as a governance tool but rarely studied in a comparative context. Exercised in the absence of direct statutory authorization, such powers are often invoked by executives in emergency and foreign affairs contexts, but are equally central to domestic policy-making. Unilateral executive power challenges two central democratic values that support the separation of powers ideal: representation and deliberation. Different structural treatments of these powers are considered through a comparison of three constitutional regimes, those of the United States, the United Kingdom and Israel. Despite material structural differences between these systems, the emerging patterns are similar enough to support the argument that direct law-making by the executive is an unavoidable element of the political sphere. Developing a template for comparison analysis, this article shows that a pattern of functional convergence has emerged, unsupported by overt transplantation or borrowing between these systems. The results set a possible challenge to the growing recognition of global world constitutionalism, at least in structural-institutional contexts.
A setup for studies of laser-driven proton acceleration at the Lund Laser Centre
Authors: Aurand B. , Hansson M. , Senje L. , Svensson K. , Persson A. , Neely D. , Lundh O. , Wahlström C.-G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe report on a setup for the investigation of proton acceleration in the regime of target normal sheath acceleration. The main interest here is to focus on stable laser beam parameters as well as a reliable target setup and diagnostics in order to do extensive and systematic studies on the acceleration mechanism. A motorized target alignment system in combination with large target mounts allows for up to 340 shots with high repetition rate without breaking the vacuum. This performance is used to conduct experiments with a split mirror setup exploring the effect of spatial and temporal separation between the pulses on the acceleration mechanism and on the resulting proton beam.
Recent increase in prevalence of antibodies to Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) in yellow-necked mice in northern Italy
Authors: RIZZOLI A. , TAGLIAPIETRA V. , ROSÀ R. , HAUFFE H. C. , MARINI G. , VOUTILAINEN L. , SIRONEN T. , ROSSI C. , ARNOLDI D. , HENTTONEN H. 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYDobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) is the most pathogenic hantavirus in Europe with a case-fatality rate of up to 12%. To detect changes in risk for humans, the prevalence of antibodies to DOBV has been monitored in a population ofApodemus flavicollisin the province of Trento (northern Italy) since 2000, and a sudden increase was observed in 2010. In the 13-year period of this study, 2077 animals were live-trapped and mean hantavirus seroprevalence was 2·7% (s.e. = 0·3%), ranging from 0% (in 2000, 2002 and 2003) to 12·5% (in 2012). Climatic (temperature and precipitation) and host (rodent population density, rodent weight and sex, and larval tick burden) variables were analysed using Generalized Linear Models and multi-model inference to select the best model. Climatic changes (mean annual precipitation and maximum temperature) and individual body mass had a positive effect on hantavirus seroprevalence. Other possible drivers affecting the observed pattern need to be studied further.
American Religious Traditions, Orthodoxy, and Commitment in Public Opinion toward Torture
Authors: Kilburn H. Whitt , Fogarty Brian J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe conventional wisdom on evangelical American Protestant support for the use of torture on suspected terrorists is incorrect. With data from the 2008 American National Election Studies survey, we specify the interactive influence of religious traditions on attitudes toward torture by religious commitment and belief orthodoxy. Only at low orthodoxy, and low to average commitment, are Catholics, mainline, and black Protestants more likely to support torture than the unaffiliated; the effect for evangelical Protestants is null. Greater commitment moves most traditions and the unaffiliated toward increased opposition to torture. Stronger orthodoxy, however, leads to support for torture only for the unaffiliated. The findings persist given controls for demographic characteristics, party identification, left-right self-placement, and authoritarian values.
Catholic and Muslim Human Rights Activism in Violent Internal Conflicts
Authors: Tezcür Güneş Murat 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWhen do religious organizations develop human rights platforms during violent internal conflicts? This article offers the first comparative study to address this question and focuses on religious organizations in El Salvador, Peru, Turkey, and Indonesia. It identifies two causal factors to explain variation in religious human rights activism in these four countries: (1) transnational religious ideas and linkages, and (2) the nature of the state-religion relationship. First, Vatican II and Liberation theology significantly contributed to the rise of religious human rights activism in El Salvador and Peru. Similar transitional linkages were absent in Turkey and Indonesia. Next, the more conflictual nature of the state-religion relationship in El Salvador explains why the Salvadorian Church pursued a more determined human rights agenda than its Peruvian counterpart. A similarly conflictual state-religion relationship contributed to the presence of Islamic human rights activism in Turkey, and a less conflictual relationship prevented its emergence in Indonesia.
First-principles study of point defects at a semicoherent interface
Authors: Metsanurk E. , Tamm A. , Caro A. , Aabloo A. , Klintenberg M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMost of the atomistic modeling of semicoherent metal-metal interfaces has so far been based on the use of semiempirical interatomic potentials. We show that key conclusions drawn from previous studies are in contradiction with more precise ab-initio calculations. In particular we find that single point defects do not delocalize, but remain compact near the interfacial plane in Cu-Nb multilayers. We give a simple qualitative explanation for this difference on the basis of the well known limited transferability of empirical potentials.
Assessing Sentence Diversity in Toddlers At-Risk for Language Disorders
Authors: McKenna Megan M. , Hadley Pamela A. 
Published: December 2014

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to introduce clinicians to an approach for assessing toddlers' sentence diversity and using criterion-referenced expectations to identify toddlers at-risk for clinically significant delays in grammatical development between 30 and 36 months of age.

Method:
Five at-risk toddlers were identified from an archival database. Mean length of utterance (MLU), grammatical complexity, and sentence diversity measures at 30 months of age were then used to evaluate the grammatical abilities of the at-risk children.

Results:
Three participants had MLUs of 1.50 or more standard deviations below the mean which alone would be sufficient for raising clinical concern. Although the other two toddlers had MLUs above 1.50, assessment of sentence diversity identified them as at-risk. The sentence diversity findings were also consistent with low grammatical complexity scores.

Discussion:
The clinical usefulness of a sentence-focused approach for assessment, intervention planning, and progress monitoring are discussed.
BioWardrobe: an integrated platform for analysis of epigenomics and transcriptomics data
Authors: Kartashov Andrey V. , Barski Artem 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBioWardrobe is an integrated platform that empowers users to store, visualize and analyze epigenomics and transcriptomics data, without the need for programming expertise, by using a biologist-friendly webbased user interface. Predefined pipelines automate download of data from core facilities or public databases, calculate RPKMs and identify peaks and display results via the interactive web interface. Additional capabilities include analyzing differential gene expression and DNA-protein binding and creating average tag density profiles and heatmaps.
Whose truffle is this? Distribution patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity inTuber melanosporumbrûlés developed in multi‐hostMediterranean plant communities
Authors: Taschen Elisa , Sauve Mathieu , Taudiere Adrien , Parlade Javier , Selosse Marc‐André , Richard Franck 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn theMediterranean region, patches of vegetation recovering from disturbance and transiently dominated by shrubs produce one of the world's most prized fungi, the black truffle (Tuber melanosporum). In these successional plant communities, we have fragmentary knowledge of the distribution ofT. melanosporumin space among ectomycorrhizal (ECM) host species and in time.Molecular identification of hosts (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) and fungi (Internal Transcribed Spacer sequencing) and quantification ofT. melanosporummycelium (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) were employed to evaluate the presence ofT. melanosporumon four dominantECMhost species (Quercus ilex,Quercus  coccifera,Arbutus unedo,Cistus albidus) and the extent to which their respectiveECMcommunities shared fungal diversity, over the course of development of truffle grounds, from recent unproductive brûlés to senescent ones where production has stopped.We found that truffle grounds host rich communities in which multi‐host fungal species dominate in frequency. When considering bothECMtips and soil mycelia, we documented a dynamic and spatially heterogeneous pattern ofT. melanosporumdistribution in soils and a presence ofECMtips restricted toQ. ilexroots.This study advances our knowledge of the ecology ofT. melanosporum, and provides insight into the extent ofECMfungal sharing among plant species that dominateMediterranean landscapes.
Assessing Diabetes Care Disparities with Ambulatory Care Quality Measures
Authors: Joseph Jennifer M. , Johnson Pamela Jo , Wholey Douglas R. , Frederick Mary L. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo identify and describe racial/ethnic disparities in overall diabetes management.Data Source/Study SettingElectronic health record data from calendar year 2010 were obtained from all primary care clinics at one large health system in Minnesota (n = 22,633).Study DesignWe used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the odds of achieving the following diabetes management goals: A1C <8 percent, LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl, blood pressure <140/90 mmHg, tobacco‐free, and daily aspirin.Principal FindingsBlacks and American Indians have higher odds of not achieving all goals compared to whites. Disparities in specific goals were also found.ConclusionsAlthough this health system has above‐average diabetes care quality, significant disparities by race/ethnicity were identified. This underscores the importance of stratifying quality measures to improve care and outcomes for all.
Predictors of publication by dietitians from conference abstracts presented at national conferences 2006–2009
Authors: Miller Jacqueline , Thomas Jolene , Miller Michelle 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine predictors of publication of abstracts presented at the annual national conference of the Dietetic Association of Australia (DAA) in peer‐reviewed journals.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to authors of abstracts presented at DAA national conferences between 2006 and 2009 and collected demographic data, fate of the abstract and perceived enablers and barriers of publication. Publication for non‐responders was determined by database searching. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between potential predictors and publication in a peer‐reviewed journal.ResultsSix hundred forty‐eight abstracts were identified over the 4‐year period. The response rate to the survey was 50%. Publication rate in a peer‐reviewed journal for all abstracts was 26%. The main predictors of publication were presenting an oral versus a poster abstract (odds ratio (OR) 2.2 95% CI 1.5–3.2) and having an academic as a co‐author (OR 6.9 95% CI 3.6–13.1). The main barriers to publication reported were lack of time and experience.ConclusionsThe publication rate for dietetic abstracts is low despite the profession advocating for evidence‐based practice and achieving competency as part of tertiary training programmes accredited by the Dietitians Association of Australia. Partnering with an academic appears be a useful strategy that dietitians might use to overcome the reported barrier of lack of skill.
Changes in Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Flesh Quality Following Ultra‐High Pressure Treatment and 30 d of Chilled Storage
Authors: Park Dae‐Hun , Jung Jong‐Gi , Jung Bo‐Ram , Kim Gyeyeop , Lee Honggyun , Kim Hyeon‐A. , Bang Mi‐Ae 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe approximately 1.5 million tons of salmon traded in 31 countries in 2008 provides clear evidence that salmon is a popular food source throughout the world. There are many methods for the preservation of salmon flesh, such as vacuum‐packaging, smoking, and freezing. Ultra‐high pressure (UHP) does not require heat, preserves the quality of salmon flesh, and allows for an increase in the chilled storage period. In this study, the quality of salmon flesh was assessed after exposure to UHP (200, 400, or 600 MPa compared with no UHP) and 30 d of storage at 4 °C. Salmon flesh quality analyses included the degree of changes in the interspacing of muscle bundles, color, texture profiles (hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, and elasticity), and microbial growth. The use of UHP (>400 MPa) improved the color, hardness, and chewiness of the flesh. Study results suggested that the application of UHP (≥400 MPa) may be useful in preserving salmon flesh, and could be used by the salmon aquaculture and distribution industries.
Vitamin D and systemic lupus erythematosus: continued evolution
Authors: Yap Kristy S. , Morand Eric F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractVitamin D is a steroid hormone that has well‐established roles in calcium and bone metabolism. Vitamin D has more recently become recognized for its role in the immune response and its potential immunomodulatory effects in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review provides a summary of the recent literature regarding vitamin D and SLE, as well as current recommendations for vitamin D supplementation in patients with SLE.
Proton pump inhibitor treatment is associated with the severity of liver disease and increased mortality in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Dultz G. , Piiper A. , Zeuzem S. , Kronenberger B. , Waidmann O. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBackgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPI) are widely used in patients with liver diseases. Within the last years, there have been concerns about the PPI use as they may promote infections in patients with cirrhosis.AimAs there are sparse data of the prognostic relevance of PPI treatment, to perform a prospective study investigating the relation of PPI treatment and overall survival (OS) in cirrhotic individuals.MethodsPatients with cirrhosis were enrolled and followed prospectively. The primary end point was OS. PPI treatment and additional clinical and laboratory data were assessed at the day of the study inclusion. The time until the end point death was assessed and the individual risks were calculated with Cox regression analyses.ResultsA total of 272 patients were included and 213 individuals (78.3%) were on PPI treatment. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, PPI treatment was associated with higher MELD scores (P = 0.027) and ascites (P = 0.039). In a multivariate Cox regression model, PPI use was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 2.330, 95% confidence interval 1.264–4.296, P = 0.007) in addition to the model of end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score, hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic decompensation.ConclusionsPPI use is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Although a causative role for increased mortality in patients taking PPI is still missing, the prescription of PPI in cirrhotics should be considered carefully taking into account its potential adverse effects.
Psychological Aspects of Individualized Choice and Reproductive Autonomy in Prenatal Screening
Authors: Hewison Jenny 
Published: December 2014

AbstractProbably the main purpose of reproductive technologies is to enable people who choose to do so to avoid the birth of a baby with a disabling condition. However the conditions women want information about and the ‘price’ they are willing to pay for obtaining that information vary enormously. Individual women have to arrive at their own prenatal testing choices by ‘trading off’ means and ends in order to resolve the dilemmas facing them. We know very little about how individuals make these trade‐offs, so it is difficult to predict how new technologies will affect their choices and preferences. Uptake decisions can be expected to change, especially in the group of women who now are put off by some aspect of the current screening approach, where the avoidance of miscarriage risk may have provided a kind of ‘psychological shelter’, protecting a lot of people from having to make other decisions. Technologies such as Pre‐implantation Genetic Diagnosis may remove a second ‘psychological shelter’ because they offer the means of avoiding the birth of an affected child without terminating a pregnancy.Even if new technologies will make some decisions easier in terms of their cognitive demands, they will also create new dilemmas and decision making will not necessarily become less stressful in emotional terms. Key challenges concern information and decision‐making.
Structural apelin analogues: mitochondrial ROS inhibition and cardiometabolic protection in myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Pisarenko Oleg , Shulzhenko Valentin , Studneva Irina , Pelogeykina Yulia , Timoshin Alexander , Anesia Rodica , Valet Philippe , Parini Angelo , Kunduzova Oksana 
Published: December 2014

Background and PurposeMitochondria‐derived oxidative stress is believed to be crucially involved in cardiac ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury, although currently no therapies exist that specifically target mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential effects of the structural analogues of apelin‐12, an adipocyte‐derived peptide, on mitochondrial ROS generation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and metabolic and functional recovery to myocardial I/R injury.Experimental ApproachIn cultured H9C2 cardiomyoblasts and adult cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress was induced by hypoxia reoxygenation. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 35 min of global ischaemia and 30 min of reperfusion. Apelin‐12, apelin‐13 and structural apelin‐12 analogues, AI and AII, were infused during 5 min prior to ischaemia.Key ResultsIn cardiac cells, mitochondrial ROS production was inhibited by the structural analogues of apelin, AI and AII, in comparison with the natural peptides, apelin‐12 and apelin‐13. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with AI and AII decreased cell apoptosis concentration‐dependently. In a rat model of I/R injury, pre‐ischaemic infusion of AI and AII markedly reduced ROS formation in the myocardial effluent and attenuated cell membrane damage. Prevention of oxidative damage by AI and AII was associated with the improvement of functional and metabolic recovery after I/R in the heart.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese data provide the evidence for the potential of the structural apelin analogues in selective reduction of mitochondrial ROS generation and myocardial apoptosis and form the basis for a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of oxidative stress‐related heart disease.
Steric parameters, molecular modeling and hydropathic interaction analysis of the pharmacology of para‐substituted methcathinone analogues
Authors: Sakloth F , Kolanos R , Mosier P D , Bonano J S , Banks M L , Partilla J S , Baumann M H , Negus S S , Glennon R A 
Published: December 2014

Background and PurposeThere is growing concern over the abuse of certain psychostimulant methcathinone (MCAT) analogues. This study extends an initial quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) investigation that demonstrated important steric considerations of seven 4‐ (or para‐)substituted analogues of MCAT. Specifically, the steric character (Taft's steric ES) of the 4‐position substituent affected in vitro potency to induce monoamine release via dopamine and 5‐HT transporters (DAT and SERT) and in vivo modulation of intracranial self‐stimulation (ICSS). Here, we have assessed the effects of other steric properties of the 4‐position substituents.Experimental ApproachDefinitive steric parameters that more explicitly focus on the volume, width and length of the MCAT 4‐position substituents were assessed. In addition, homology models of human DAT and human SERT based upon the crystallized Drosophila DAT were constructed and docking studies were performed, followed by hydropathic interaction (HINT) analysis of the docking results.Key ResultsThe potency of seven MCAT analogues at DAT was negatively correlated with the volume and maximal width of their 4‐position substituents, whereas potency at SERT increased as substituent volume and length increased. SERT/DAT selectivity, as well as abuse‐related drug effects in the ICSS procedure, also correlated with the same parameters. Docking solutions offered a means of visualizing these findings.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results suggest that steric aspects of the 4‐position substituents of MCAT analogues are key determinants of their action and selectivity, and that the hydrophobic nature of these substituents is involved in their potency at SERT.
Synergistic anti‐tumour effects of tetrandrine and chloroquine combination therapy in human cancer: a potential antagonistic role for p21
Authors: Mei Liufeng , Chen Yicheng , Wang Zhimeng , Wang Jian , Wan Jiali , Yu Chunrong , Liu Xin , Li Wenhua 
Published: December 2014

Background and PurposeTetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Stephaniae tetrandrae, has a long history in Chinese clinical applications to treat diverse diseases. Tetrandrine induced apoptosis or, at low concentrations, autophagy of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Here we have tested the effects of inhibitors of autophagy such as chloroquine, on the response to low concentrations of tetrandrine in cancer cells.Experimental ApproachCultures of several cancer cell lines, including Huh7, U251, HCT116 and A549 cells, were exposed to tetrandrine, chloroquine or a combination of these compounds. Cell viability and content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured and synergy assessed by calculation of the combination index. Western blot and RT‐PCR assays were also used along with fluorescence microscopy and histochemical techniques.Key ResultsCombinations of tetrandrine and chloroquine were more cytotoxic than the same concentrations used separately and these effects showed synergy. Such effects involved increased ROS generation and were dependent on caspase‐3 but independent of Akt activity. Blockade of tetrandrine‐induced autophagy with 3‐methyladenine or bafilomycin‐A1 induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Lack of p21 protein (p21−/− HCT116 cells) increased sensitivity to the apoptotic effects of the combination of tetrandrine and chloroquine. In a tumour xenograft model in mice, combined treatment with tetrandrine and chloroquine induced ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis, and decreased tumour growth.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe combinations of tetrandrine and chloroquine exhibited synergistic anti‐tumour activity, in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for tumour treatment.