bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic performance of reinforced concrete core wall buildings with and without moment resisting frames
Authors: Değer Zeynep T. , Yang Tony Y. , Wallace John W. , Moehle Jack 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThis study aims to compare the seismic performance of two 42‐story reinforced concrete buildings located in Los Angeles, California: a coupled core wall building and a similar core wall building with perimeter moment resisting frames (i.e. dual system). The buildings were designed using two different approaches. The first approach followed the traditional code prescriptive design approach as outlined in the International Building Code (2006), whereas the other approach followed a performance‐based design approach outlined in the seismic design guideline published by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. Detailed finite element models were developed for both systems with the different design approaches. The models were used to evaluate the seismic performance of the prototype model at five different earthquake shaking intensities. Detailed comparisons of the design approaches, seismic responses, and initial and annualized repair costs of these buildings are presented. Analysis results show that both structural systems generally achieved excellent performance, whereas the dual system performed slightly better (smaller inter‐story drifts and lower core wall stresses). Although repair costs were lower in the dual system building (which is attributed to lesser degree of damage), total costs were higher than the core wall building due to the higher initial costs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Freedom of expression: cell‐type‐specific gene profiling
Authors: Otsuki Leo , Cheetham Seth W. , Brand Andrea H. 
Published: August 2014

Cell fate and behavior are results of differential gene regulation, making techniques to profile gene expression in specific cell types highly desirable. Many methods now enable investigation at the DNA, RNA and protein level. This review introduces the most recent and popular techniques, and discusses key issues influencing the choice between these such as ease, cost and applicability of information gained. Interdisciplinary collaborations will no doubt contribute further advances, including not just in single cell type but single‐cell expression profiling. WIREs Dev Biol 2014, 3:429–443. doi: 10.1002/wdev.149This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics
Technologies > Analysis of the Transcriptome
Syntheses, Structures, Thermal and Luminescent Properties of Two Interpenetrating Coordination Polymers Constructed by 2,5‐Thiophenedicarboxylate and Different Dipyridyl Ligands
Authors: Ma Wei , Wang Shu‐Jun , Ge Yu , Li Ni‐Ya , Liu Dong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTwo coordination polymers with three‐dimensional (3D) architectures, formulated as {[Zn2(H2O)(2,5‐tdc)2(bpa)2]·H2O}n (1) and [Zn2(2,5‐tdc)2(dpbd)]n (2) [2,5‐H2tdc = 2,5‐thiophenedicarboxylic acid, bpa = 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)‐ethane, and dpbd = 1,4‐bis(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3‐butadiene] were synthesized from the hydrothermal reactions of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, 2,5‐H2tdc, and bpa or dpbd, respectively. The two complexes were characterized by IR, elemental analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. 1 exhibits a fivefold interpenetrating diamondoid framework with two types of 4‐connecting nodes. The structure of 2 shows a threefold interpenetrating pcu net. Thermal stability and photoluminescent properties of 1 and 2 were also investigated.
How School can Teach Civic Engagement Besides Civic Education: The Role of Democratic School Climate
Authors: Lenzi Michela , Vieno Alessio , Sharkey Jill , Mayworm Ashley , Scacchi Luca , Pastore Massimiliano , Santinello Massimo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCivic engagement, defined as involvement in community life, is influenced by reciprocal relationships between individuals and contexts and is a key factor that contributes to positive youth development. The present study evaluates a theoretical model linking perceived democratic school climate with adolescent civic engagement (operationalized as civic responsibility and intentions for future participation), taking into account the mediating role of civic discussions and perceived fairness at school. Participants were 403 adolescents (47.9 % male) ranging in age from 11 to 15 years old (mean age = 13.6). Path analysis results partially validated the proposed theoretical model. Higher levels of democratic school climate were associated with higher levels of adolescent civic responsibility; the association was fully mediated by civic discussions and perceived fairness at school. Adolescents’ civic responsibility, then, was positively associated with a stronger intention to participate in the civic domain in the future.
Premature ventricular beats initiate recurrent ventricular fibrillation in early repolarization syndrome
Authors: Ahmed Nauman , Frontera Antonio , Duncan Edward , Thomas Glyn 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAn early repolarization (ER) pattern on electrocardiography was historically considered a benign finding; however, this finding in the inferior and lateral leads has recently been associated with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF). Here we describe a case of a 29‐year‐old man with an ER pattern, who experienced recurrent implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) shocks for ventricular tachycardia (VT) and VF. An ICD interrogation demonstrated how VF and VT were repeatedly initiated by closely coupled premature ventricular beats.
Challenges of high power diode-pumped lasers for fusion energy
Authors: Le Garrec Bruno 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper reviews the different challenges that are encountered in the delivery of high power lasers as drivers for fusion energy. We will focus on diode-pumped solid-state lasers and we will highlight some of the main recent achievements when using ytterbium, cryogenic cooling and ceramic gain media. Apart from some existing fusion facilities and some military applications of diode-pumped solid-state lasers, we will show that diode-pumped solid-state lasers are scalable to inertial fusion energy (IFE)’s facility level and that the all-fiber laser scheme is very promising.
THE VIRTUES OF LAW IN THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
Authors: Berger Benjamin L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe moral force and capacity for inspiration of both religion and politics alike arise in part from the sense that they authentically map the world as we find it, yielding claims about how it should be. This paper asks what role we might imagine for law in this “hyper-real” world of religion and politics, arguing that law can display distinctive virtues linked to its capacity for strategic agnosticism about the real. Applying Sunstein's idea of “incompletely theorized agreements” to the politics of religious freedom, the paper examines the role of law as a tool of adhesion in two very different constitutional settings—Canada and Israel—and argues for modesty as a functional virtue in law and legal process. Viewed in this way, law draws its worth from its tolerance for ambiguity, its sub-theoretical nature, and its pragmatic proceduralism, seeking to sustain political community in the presence of normative diversity, rather than speaking truth to difference.
Prospective associations between prenatal adversities and borderline personality disorder at 11–12 years
Authors: Winsper C. , Wolke D. , Lereya T. 
Published: August 2014

Background.The aetiological pathways to borderline personality disorder (BPD) remain only partly elucidated. Retrospective research indicates that prenatal adversity may be an important early risk factor in the development of BPD. This requires corroboration with prospective longitudinal studies.Method.A community sample of 6050 mothers and their children (born between April 1991 and December 1992) were assessed. Maternal anxiety and depression and maternal alcohol and tobacco consumption were assessed during pregnancy (18 and 32 weeks gestation). Postnatal risks, including maladaptive parenting (suboptimal parenting and parent conflict), family adversity, maternal anxiety and depression and maternal alcohol and tobacco consumption, were assessed during early childhood. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed in late childhood. Trained psychologists interviewed children in late childhood to ascertain the presence of BPD (at least five probable/definite symptoms).Results.In unadjusted analyses, all prenatal risk factors (i.e. maternal alcohol and tobacco consumption and maternal anxiety and depression) were significantly associated with BPD. Following adjustment for sex, birthweight and postnatal exposure to anxiety and depression respectively, maladaptive parenting, family adversity and child's internalizing and externalizing symptoms, prenatal anxiety at 18 weeks gestation [odds ratio (OR) 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–2.09] and depression at 18 weeks (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.08–2.32) and 32 weeks (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.14–2.18) gestation remained significantly associated with BPD.Conclusions.This study provides prospective evidence of associations between prenatal adversities and BPD at 11–12 years. Prenatal anxiety and depression were independently associated with BPD, suggesting that they may exert direct effects on BPD during the prenatal period. This highlights the importance of programmes to reduce maternal stress during pregnancy.
Impulsivity and opioid drugs: differential effects of heroin, methadone and prescribed analgesic medication
Authors: Baldacchino A. , Balfour D. J. K. , Matthews K. 
Published: August 2014

Background.Previous studies have provided inconsistent evidence that chronic exposure to opioid drugs, including heroin and methadone, may be associated with impairments in executive neuropsychological functioning, specifically cognitive impulsivity. Further, it remains unclear how such impairments may relate of the nature, level and extent of opioid exposure, the presence and severity of opioid dependence, and hazardous behaviours such as injecting.Method.Participants with histories of illicit heroin use (n = 24), former heroin users stabilized on prescribed methadone (methadone maintenance treatment; MMT) (n = 29), licit opioid prescriptions for chronic pain without history of abuse or dependence (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 28) were recruited and tested on a task battery that included measures of cognitive impulsivity (Cambridge Gambling Task, CGT), motor impulsivity (Affective Go/NoGo, AGN) and non-planning impulsivity (Stockings of Cambridge, SOC).Results.Illicit heroin users showed increased motor impulsivity and impaired strategic planning. Additionally, they placed higher bets earlier and risked more on the CGT. Stable MMT participants deliberated longer and placed higher bets earlier on the CGT, but did not risk more. Chronic opioid exposed pain participants did not differ from healthy controls on any measures on any tasks. The identified impairments did not appear to be associated specifically with histories of intravenous drug use, nor with estimates of total opioid exposure.Conclusion.These data support the hypothesis that different aspects of neuropsychological measures of impulsivity appear to be associated with exposure to different opioids. This could reflect either a neurobehavioural consequence of opioid exposure, or may represent an underlying trait vulnerability to opioid dependence.
Consumption of lipid-rich seed arils improves larval development in a Neotropical primarily carnivorous ant, Odontomachus chelifer (Ponerinae)
Authors: Bottcher Claudia , Oliveira Paulo S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:Odontomachus chelifer ants collect fallen arillate seeds of Cabralea canjerana (Meliaceae), a bird-dispersed tree of the Atlantic rain forest. In the nest the larvae are fed with the lipid-rich aril, and the viable seed is discarded. Benefits from secondary seed dispersal by ants are well documented for tropical plants, but benefits to ants from consuming vertebrate-dispersed diaspores are uncertain. Twelve captive colonies of O. chelifer were used to investigate the effect of aril consumption on larval development. Treatment colonies were supplemented with 1 g of C. canjerana arils, whereas control colonies were supplemented with 1 g of synthetic diet. Egg and larval production did not differ between experimental colonies after 5 mo. Aril-fed larvae, however, grew 3.5 times larger than those in control colonies. Essential fatty acids in the arils possibly account for improved larval development. Consumption of lipid-rich arils may be critical under scarcity of arthropod prey. Improved larval development through aril consumption confirms that this ant-seed interaction is facultatively mutualistic. This result is meaningful given the predominantly carnivorous diet of O. chelifer, and the generalized nature of ant-seed/fruit interactions in tropical forests. Whether or not benefits to larvae translate into significant gains for ant colonies is uncertain.
HIV and viral hepatitis co-infection in New York City, 2000–2010: prevalence and case characteristics
Authors: PRUSSING C. , CHAN C. , PINCHOFF J. , KERSANSKE L. , BORNSCHLEGEL K. , BALTER S. , DROBNIK A. , FULD J. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYUsing surveillance data, we describe the prevalence and characteristics of individuals in New York City (NYC) co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Surveillance databases including persons reported to the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene with HIV, HBV, and HCV by 31 December 2010 and not known to be dead as of 1 January 2000, were matched with 2000–2011 vital statistics mortality data. Of 140 606 persons reported with HIV, 4% were co-infected with HBV only, 15% were co-infected with HCV only, and 1% were co-infected with HBV and HCV. In all groups, 70–80% were male. The most common race/ethnicity and HIV transmission risk groups were non-Hispanic blacks and men who have sex with men (MSM) for HIV/HBV infection, and non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and injection drug users for HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV infections. The overall age-adjusted 2000–2011 mortality was higher in co-infected than HIV mono-infected individuals. Use of population-based surveillance data provided a comprehensive characterization of HIV co-infection with HBV and HCV. Our findings emphasize the importance of targeting HIV and viral hepatitis testing and prevention efforts to populations at risk for co-infection, and of integrating HIV and viral hepatitis care and testing services.
Important roles of public playgrounds in the transmission of hand, foot, and mouth disease
Authors: XIE Y. H. , CHONGSUVIVATWONG V. , TAN Y. , TANG Zh-Zh. , SORNSRIVICHAI V. , McNEIL E. B. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYIntra-home and kindergarten transmissions were the reported major modes of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) transmission in preschool children. However, infection at home is not common and 65–80% of cases do not attend preschool. We conducted a matched case-control study to explore the role of public playgrounds in the transmission of HFMD in addition to direct and indirect exposure to HFMD patients. We used 156 hospital source cases and 156 community source controls. Univariate analysis was followed by conditional logistic regression with attributable fraction computed. Adjusted odds ratios were 11·70 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·26–109·40] for having HFMD cases in the same class, 14·19 (95% CI 3·55–56·74) for having HFMD cases within the 20 nearest neighbourhoods, 6·03 (95% CI 2·84–12·80) for exposure to public playgrounds, 2·13 (95% CI 1·05–4·32) for finger sucking and 0·29 (95% CI 0·11–0·78) for hand washing with soap before meals. The attributable fractions for the first four risk factors were 6·4%, 20·9%, 57·2% and 27·5%, respectively, while the population prevented fraction for hand washing with soap before meals was 18·7%. Based on our findings, hand washing with soap should be advocated. Health education could include topics which underline the precautions which need to be taken and the advice given regarding avoiding the use of public playgrounds during epidemic periods, especially when children have been getting sick.
Temperament as a moderator of the effects of parenting on children's behavior
Authors: Gallitto Elena 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study examined the role of child temperament as moderator of the effect of parenting style on children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors. A series of structural equation models were fit to a representative sample of 2,631 Canadian children from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. In addition to testing for the presence of Temperament × Parenting interactions, these models also examined the direct and indirect effects of a number of additional contextual factors such as neighborhood problems, neighborhood cohesion, social support, and maternal depression. The results indicate that exposure to more positive parenting reduces behavior problems in children with difficult/unadaptable temperaments. No moderating effects of temperament on hostile parenting were found. Such results serve to highlight the pivotal role of positive features of the rearing environment as catalysts for the successful adaptation of children with difficult/unadaptable temperaments. The results of this modeling work also serve to emphasize the importance of considering the ways in which more distal factors can affect children's behavioral adaptation by contributing to changes in proximal family processes.
Difficult risks and capital models
Authors: Frankland R. , Eshun S. , Hewitt L. , Jakhria P. , Jarvis S. , Rowe A. , Smith A. D. , Sharp A. C. , Sharpe J. , Wilkins T. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper is a report from the Extreme Events Working Party. The paper
considers some of the difficulties in calculating capital buffers to cover
potential losses. This paper considers the reasons why a purely mechanical
approach to calculating capital buffers may bot be possible or justified. A
range of tools and techniques is presented to help address some of the
difficulties identified.
Reliability and validity of an individually focused food insecurity access scale for assessing inadequate access to food among pregnant Ugandan women of mixed HIV status
Authors: Natamba Barnabas K , Kilama Hillary , Arbach Angela , Achan Jane , Griffiths Jeffrey K , Young Sera L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the reliability, validity and correlates of measures of food insecurity (FI) obtained using an individually focused food insecurity access scale (IFIAS) among pregnant women of mixed HIV status in northern Uganda.DesignA mixed-methods study involving cognitive interviews nested within a cross-sectional survey.SettingThe antenatal care clinic of Gulu Regional Referral Hospital.SubjectsSurvey respondents included 403 pregnant women, recruited in a ratio of one HIV-infected to two HIV-uninfected respondents, twenty-six (nine of them HIV-infected) of whom were asked to participate in the cognitive interviews.ResultsOver 80 % of cognitive interview participants reported understanding the respective meanings of six of the nine items (i.e. items 4 to 9) on the IFIAS. Two main factors emerged from rotated exploratory factor analysis of the IFIAS: mild to moderate FI (IFIAS items 1–6) and severe FI (items 7–9). Together, they explained 90·4 % of the FI measure’s variance. The full IFIAS and the two subscales had moderate to high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.75 to 0.87). Dose–response associations between IFIAS scores, and measures of socio-economic status and women’s diet quality, were observed. Multivariate linear regression revealed significant positive associations between IFIAS scores and HIV infection, maternal age, number of children and a history of internal displacement. IFIAS scores were negatively associated with women’s diet diversity score, asset index and being employed.ConclusionsThe IFIAS showed strong reliability, validity and contextual relevance among women attending antenatal care in northern Uganda.
The Effect of Religious Restrictions on Forced Migration
Authors: Kolbe Melanie , Henne Peter S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWhat is the impact of religious repression on forced migration? While current and historical cases highlight the significance of state-sponsored religions repression, existing quantitative studies on forced migration have not sufficiently addressed the role of religion as a determinant of flight. We argue that religious repression undermines the quality of life, quality of religious observance, and physical integrity of religious communities, and therefore increases incentives to leave. We test this through a quantitative analysis of forced migration data from 1990 to 2008 and several measures of religious repression, using a negative binomial regression. We find that state-driven religious repression, in particular religious bans, tends to increase forced migration. These findings contribute to the body of forced migration literature and the study of religion and politics by demonstrating the significant effects religious repression has on this aspect of world politics.
Short-term impacts of energy wood harvesting on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Norway spruce saplings
Authors: Huusko Karoliina , Tarvainen Oili , Saravesi Karita , Pennanen Taina , Fritze Hannu , Kubin Eero , Markkola Annamari 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The increased demand for harvesting energy wood raises questions about its effects on the functioning of the forest ecosystems, soil processes and biodiversity. Impacts of tree stump removal on ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities of Norway spruce saplings were studied with 454-pyrosequencing in a 3-year field experiment replicated in 3 geographical areas. This is possibly the most thorough investigation of EMF communities associated with saplings grown on sites subjected to energy wood harvesting. To separate impacts of tree stump and logging residue removal on EMF and plant variables, we used three harvesting treatments with increasing complexity from patch mounding alone (P) to patch mounding combined with logging residue removal (RP), and patch mounding combined with both logging residue and stump removal (SRP). Saplings grown in uncut forests (F) served as references for harvesting treatments. A majority of sequences (&gt;92%) and operational taxonomic units (OTUs, 55%) were assigned as EMF. EMF OTU richness, fungal community composition or sapling growth did not differ between harvesting treatments (P, RP and SRP), while EMF OTU richness, diversity and evenness were highest and sapling growth lowest in the undisturbed reference forests (F). The short study period may partially explain the similarities in fungal and sapling variables in different harvesting treatments. In conclusion, our results indicate that neither stump removal nor logging residue removal have significant additional negative impacts on EMF communities or growth of Norway spruce saplings in the short-term compared with the impacts of more conventional harvesting methods, including clear cutting and patch mounding.