bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of Composition Variation During Flow of Gas-Condensate
Authors: Vo Hai X. , Horne Roland N. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A significant and unique factor associated with gas-condensate reservoirs is a prominent decrease in productivity once the flowing bottom-hole pressure drops below the dew-point pressure. Gas-condensate reservoirs exhibit complex phase and flow behaviors due to the appearance of a condensate bank in the near-well region, and differ in their behavior from conventional gas reservoirs, especially for low permeability, high-yield systems where the condensate banking is more severe.
However, there is still a lack of understanding phase and flow behaviors of gas-condensate reservoirs. The difficulty lies in the variation of the composition of the in-situ fluid due to the accumulation of heavy components in the condensate phase. A good understanding of how the gas condensate reservoirs vary in composition is very important to optimize the producing strategy, to reduce the impact of condensate banking, and to improve the ultimate gas recovery.
The composition variation has been observed in the field but its effects have been reported rarely in the literature. This work studied compositional variation of gas-condensate systems through a series of laboratory experiments and supporting numerical simulations. The study verified claims on the effect of flow through porous media on the apparent behavior of a gas-condensate mixture. These include compositional variation during depletion, failure to achieve condensate revaporization upon well shut-in, and the effect of well bottom-hole pressures on condensate banking. The effect of irreducible water saturation on the composition variation was also studied.
Results from this study show that composition can vary significantly during depletion. Due to the difference in mobilities and accumulation effect, the composition of the mixture will change locally. The overall composition near the wellbore becomes richer in heavy components. As a result, the phase envelope of fluid will shift. Near-well fluids can undergo a transition from retrograde gas to volatile oil. By taking account of the new understanding of the impact of compositional changes, the liquid dropout can be “controlled” by the production strategy. Also, some common practices, for example shutting wells after condensate drops out to revaporize the condensate can be understood to be ineffective.
Alternative Methods for Nasotracheal Intubation and Extubation in a Patient With Apert Syndrome
Authors: Tsukamoto Masanori , Yokoyama Takeshi 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Apert syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by craniofacial abnormalities, craniosynostosis and syndactyly. Nasotracheal intubation for a patient with Apert syndrome can be a challenge because of abnormal facial anatomy. We experienced the anesthetic management of a patient with Apert syndrome who underwent partial resection of mandible and cleft palate repair with nasotracheal intubation. Nasotracheal intubation using a gastric tube and extubation using an airway exchange catheter proved useful in this case of airway compromise.
ASD and VSD Flow Dynamics and Anesthetic Management
Authors: Yen Philip 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Atrial septal defects and ventricular septal defects are often encountered in patients presenting for treatment under anesthesia. The flow mechanisms for both defects are predominantly left to right shunting prior to long-term maladaptive changes that may occur. Close examination of the shunt dynamics demonstrates a minor right to left shunt that occurs as well. The article discusses these dynamics and the impact on an anesthetic plan.
The Effect of 2 Injection Speeds on Local Anesthetic Discomfort During Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks
Authors: de Souza Melo Marcelo Rodrigo , Sabey Mark Jon Santana , Lima Carla Juliane , de Almeida Souza Liane Maciel , Groppo Francisco Carlos 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This randomized double-blind crossover trial investigated the discomfort associated with 2 injection speeds, low (60 seconds) and slow (100 seconds), during inferior alveolar nerve block by using 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine. Three phases were considered: (a) mucosa perforation, (b) needle insertion, and (c) solution injection. Thirty-two healthy adult volunteers needing bilateral inferior alveolar nerve blocks at least 1 week apart were enrolled in the present study. The anesthetic procedure discomfort was recorded by volunteers on a 10-cm visual analog scale in each phase for both injection speeds. Comparison between the 2 anesthesia speeds in each phase was performed by paired t test. Results showed no statistically significant difference between injection speeds regarding perforation (P = .1016), needle placement (P = .0584), or speed injection (P = .1806). The discomfort in all phases was considered low. We concluded that the 2 injection speeds tested did not affect the volunteers' pain perception during inferior alveolar nerve blocks.
Sevoflurane-Based General Anesthesia Induction via Nasopharyngeal Endotracheal Tube Prior to Definitive Airway Control in Pediatric Oral Tumors
Authors: Singh Preet Mohinder , Rajeshwari S. , Borle Anuradha , Rangasamy Valluvan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Airway-related tumors in pediatrics are always challenging for anesthesiologists. We present 2 cases of friable, bleeding large tumors in the oral cavity where conventional methods of securing the airway were not possible. Induction of general anesthesia could potentially lead to complete airway collapse and catastrophic obstruction in such cases. Awake fibrotic intubation is limited in pediatric patients. We describe the innovative use of an endotracheal tube inserted blindly as a nasopharyngeal airway guided by end-tidal carbon dioxide trace. This allowed us to bypass the anatomical obstruction and induce anesthesia using sevoflurane in high-flow oxygen. By the described technique, we were able to maintain and assist the spontaneous breathing of the child as well. We also highlight limitations of the use of a conventional nasopharyngeal airway in such situations.
Effectiveness of Liraglutide in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Management: Experience in Emirati Patients
Authors: Ghuman Nasrullah K. , Saadah Loai M. , Al Najjar Majdi S. , Shaheen Duha Y. , AM Shady I. , Al Ali Mouza M. 
Published: September 2015

Objective To measure effectiveness of liraglutide in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), weight, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in Emirati patients. Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting Endocrinology clinic in a 300-bed military hospital. Patients A total of 152 patients who qualified for liraglutide between September 21, 2012, (first patient visit) and May 5, 2014 (last patient visit). Methods Team collected demographic and clinical data using a standard form. Data keeper performed univariate analyses to measure the effect of liraglutide in reducing the three outcomes of interest; namely, HbA1C, weight, and SBP. Results One hundred patients had at least the first visit in the clinic and 98 patients came for a second follow-up visit while on the medication. Adherence of clinicians to the internal criteria for prescribing liraglutide was 92%. Patients' ages were 47.9 ± 11.7 years. Male-to-female ratio was almost 1:1. Overall, in the paired analyses, HbA1C decreased from first to second visits (8.7 ± 1.9 vs. 7.6 ± 1.8, P < 0.0001) and remained unchanged in subsequent visits (eg, in visit 3, HbA1C was 7.4 ± 1.8). Patients lost an average of 1.3 kg between the first and second visits (99.3 ± 19.3 vs. 98.0 ± 19.5, P = 0.0003). The reduction in SBP between visits 1 and 2 was less (130.9 ± 15.8 vs. 129.9 ± 16.5, P = 0.5896). ANOVA yielded a significant reduction in HbA1C at 4 months and 6 months ( P values < 0.05). SBP dropped by about 3.6 mmHg and weight by about 2.3 kg ( P values > 0.05). Conclusions Liraglutide is effective in reducing HbA1C, weight, and to a lesser extent, SBP in Emirati patients.
Clinical Prediction Rule for Patient Outcome after In-Hospital CPR: A New Model, Using Characteristics Present at Hospital Admission, to Identify Patients Unlikely to Benefit from CPR after In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Merja Satyam , Lilien Ryan H. , Ryder Hilary F. 
Published: September 2015

Background Physicians and patients frequently overestimate likelihood of survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Discussions and decisions around resuscitation after in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest often take place without adequate or accurate information. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 470 instances of resuscitation after in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Individuals were randomly assigned to a derivation cohort and a validation cohort. Logistic Regression and Linear Discriminant Analysis were used to perform multivariate analysis of the data. The resultant best performing rule was converted to a weighted integer tool, and thresholds of survival and nonsurvival were determined with an attempt to optimize sensitivity and specificity for survival. Results A 10-feature rule, using thresholds for survival and nonsurvival, was created; the sensitivity of the rule on the validation cohort was 42.7% and specificity was 82.4%. In the Dartmouth Score (DS), the features of age (greater than 70 years of age), history of cancer, previous cardiovascular accident, and presence of coma, hypotension, abnormal PaO2, and abnormal bicarbonate were identified as the best predictors of nonsurvival. Angina, dementia, and chronic respiratory insufficiency were selected as protective features. Conclusions Utilizing information easily obtainable on admission, our clinical prediction tool, the DS, provides physicians individualized information about their patients’ probability of survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. The DS may become a useful addition to medical expertise and clinical judgment in evaluating and communicating an individual's probability of survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest after it is validated by other cohorts.
Chapter 0. Introduction: Today’s Exceptions—Yesterday’s Rules
Authors: Nesset Tore 
Published: September 2015

<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">This chapter provides a brief introduction to the book. Read more about how to use the book as efficiently as possible!</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Click on the links below to learn more!</span></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3490/158"><span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">0.2 How to use this book</span></a></p>
Appendix 2: Major Differences between Old Church Slavonic and Old Rusian
Authors: Nesset Tore 
Published: September 2015

<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">This appendix gives you a brief overview of the major differences between Old Church Slavonic and Old Rusian. This is obviously useful when you are working with Old Church Slavonic texts, but it also enables you to identify slavonicisms (Church Slavic elements) in Old Rusian and Modern Russian texts. For more information and examples, see Galinskaja (1997: 6–8).</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Click on the links below to learn more!</span></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3507/156"><span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Major differences OR OCS</span></a></p>
Appendix 3: Chronology of Major Sounds Laws
Authors: Nesset Tore 
Published: September 2015

<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">In chapters 10–13, the sound laws were not described in strict chronological order, but this appendix will help you to establish the relative and absolute chronologies of the major changes. For Pre-Slavic and Common Slavic, the overviews in sections 18.1 and 18.2 are based on Shevelov 1964: 633–634. The chronologies for Old Rusian in section 18.3 are based on Kiparsky 1963: 153–154, as well as Gorškova and Xaburgaev 1981 and Ivanov 1983. You are advised to take the chronologies with more than a grain of salt, since data are often sparse and sometimes conflicting. Unsurprisingly, therefore, different handbooks provide different dates.</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Click on the links below to learn more!</span></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3508/157"><span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Chronology of major sound laws</span></a></p>
Chapter 3 – Basic calculus and statistics
Authors: Santos Jorge 
Published: September 2015

<p>QUESTIONS ASKED</p><ul><li>Why rates, and why statistics?</li><li>How to express such quantities in common speech?</li><li>How to present much data in a concise and informative way?</li><li>How to make predictions based on historical trends?</li></ul><p> </p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3598/163">Statistics </a></p>
Chapter 5 – Using simple data: surplus production models
Authors: Santos Jorge 
Published: September 2015

<p>QUESTIONS ASKED</p><ul><li>How to assess the state of a fishery with a simple series of catch and effort?</li><li>How is a fishery model different from a trend analysis?</li><li>Do the assumptions of the model affect the management values of interest?</li><li>How to word a management advice?</li></ul><p> </p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3600/166">Surplus production equilibrium and dynamic models</a></p>
Chapter 10 – Catching the same fish: fleet interactions
Authors: Santos Jorge 
Published: September 2015

<p>QUESTIONS ASKED</p><ul><li>How to apply different effort controls in a fishery?</li><li>What does risk mean in fluctuating fisheries?</li><li>Do we need information from all fleets involved in a fishery?</li></ul><p> </p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3606/182">Shrimp industrial fishery</a></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3606/183">Shrimp multi-fleet fishery</a></p>
Fun with electricity: A novel ballistics gelatin model with LED tracking for ultrasound needle guidance
Authors: Wallace Elizabeth R. , Gregoski Mathew J. , Shah Aalap 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundUse of ultrasound (US) for procedural needle guidance can improve success rates, safety, and accuracy. Often, training is performed on task trainers, which can be prohibitively expensive. Determining undesired needle placement is difficult when the needle is poorly visualized with US. Currently available simulation phantoms cannot provide real‐time feedback on the location of needle placement.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to develop and determine feasibility of a low‐cost simulation phantom with an internal circuit and LED light system to determine when a needle contacts internal structures. We also aimed to determine whether its use was associated with increased comfort level.MethodsEmergency medicine (EM) residents (PGY‐1 to PGY‐3) performed in‐plane and out‐of‐plane US needle guidance using homemade phantoms. Comfort levels were assessed by pre‐ and post intervention survey. Outcomes were measured on Likert scale (minimum = 1, maximum = 5). The primary outcome was change in confidence markers before and after the simulation task. Secondary outcomes were survey results of comparisons of these models to prior training experiences on simulators and humans.ResultsAll EM residents (30) in our program were invited to participate. Twenty participants enrolled and completed the study. In the primary outcome, median comfort with out‐of‐plane and in‐plane guidance increased after using the model but was more pronounced for out‐of‐plane guidance. On a posttest survey, residents rated the models overall very similar to prior experience on simulators (median 5/5 [IQR 4.0–5.0]) and moderately similar to humans (median 3/5 [IQR 3.0–4.0]).ConclusionsWe created a low‐cost ballistic gelatin phantom with an internal electric needle guidance system. Use of the phantom for training was associated with increased learner comfort with the procedure. Learners rated the characteristics of the phantom as similar to higher‐cost commercial equipment and humans.
Multiscale simulation of plastic transformations: The case of base‐assisted dehydrochlorination of polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Ezendu Sophia , Soyemi Ademola , Szilvási Tibor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlastic transformations are critical to ongoing recycling and upcycling efforts, but the complexity of the reactions makes it difficult to understand the effect of individual factors on reaction rates and product distributions experimentally. In this work, we report on a multiscale simulation framework for studying polymer transformations that incorporates affordable high‐level coupled cluster calculations combined with benchmarked density functional theory calculations, detailed conformer search, and lattice‐based kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to provide the temporal and spatial evolution of the polymer during transformations. Our framework can match experimentally observed reaction times within an order of magnitude without any parameter estimation in base‐assisted dehydrochlorination of polyvinyl chloride. We determine that the E2 reaction mechanism dominates the reaction and demonstrate that different structural defects can inhibit or promote directional polyene growth as well as affect the structure of the dehydrochlorination product.
A novel imprinted porous liquid for lithium extraction
Authors: Qi Dagang , Zheng Shuai , Jin Dongyu , Zhou Zhiyong , Tu Yuming , Du Chencan , Ren Zhongqi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPorous liquids (PLs) are a novel material that combines the advantages of porous solids and liquid fluidity. In this study, we propose an imprinted porous liquid (IPL) with imprinted polymers as the porous framework and a mixture of TOP + FeCl3 as sterically hindered solvents. Quantum chemical computations and characterization results demonstrate the presence of unoccupied pore structure in IPLs. The prepared IPLs exhibit excellent selective adsorption and extraction performance for lithium extraction, achieving a Li/Mg separation factor of 1540 and a single‐stage Li+ extraction efficiency of 86%. The Li+ extraction efficiency remains above 84% even after eight cycles. Analytical characterization along with quantum chemical computations elucidates the mechanism underlying the coupling between extraction and adsorption in IPLs, enabling efficient lithium extraction. By combining imprinting technology with PLs, IPLs expand upon existing frameworks for PLs materials while providing new insights for designing functional solvents.
Metallische Verunreinigungen in der Elektrolyse: Katalytische Wirkung von Pb‐Spuren in der reduktiven Aminierung und Acetonreduktion
Authors: Kümper Justus , Mürtz Sonja D. , Guan Yani , Kumari Simran , Hausoul Peter J. C. , Kurig Nils , Sautet Philippe , Palkovits Regina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDie elektrochemische Hydrierung (e‐Hydrierung) von ungesättigten Verbindungen wie Iminen oder Carbonylen stellt eine umweltfreundliche Reduktionsmethode dar. Die Methode ermöglicht die direkte Verwendung von Elektronen als Reduktionsmittel und Wasser als Protonenquelle, ohne dass hohe Temperaturen und Drücke notwendig sind. In diesem Beitrag diskutieren wir die aktive Spezies in der elektrokatalytischen reduktiven Aminierung anhand der Umwandlung von Aceton und Methylamin als Modellreaktion. Überraschenderweise hat sich herausgestellt, dass Bleiverunreinigungen im ppm‐Bereich einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die e‐Hydrierung haben. Dementsprechend wurde der Einfluss des angelegten Potentials und Kathodenmaterials in Gegenwart von 1 ppm Pb untersucht. Schlussendlich übertrugen wir die Erkenntnisse auf die Reduktion von Aceton, wobei sich vergleichbare Beobachtungen wie bei der Iminreduktion ergaben. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass frühere Studien zur elektrochemischen Reduktion in Gegenwart von Bleielektroden neu bewertet werden sollten.
Anion‐Modulated Construction of Two Novel Tetra‐ and Hepta‐Nuclear Ni(II) Salamo‐Type Clusters: Comparison of the DFT Calculations and Weak Interaction Analyses
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Xia , Zhang Hai‐Wei , Zheng Tao , Tong Li , Pu Lu‐Mei , Xu Wei‐Bing , Long Hai‐Tao , Dong Wen‐Kui , Wang Li 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTTwo novel tetra‐ and hepta‐nuclear Ni(II) salamo‐type clusters, [Ni4(L)2(μ2‐Cl)2(μ3‐OH)2(EtOH)2]⋅4CH2Cl2 (1) and [Ni7(L)3(μ3‐OEt)2(μ3‐OH)6(EtOH)2] (2), were constructed by modulating different anions (Cl− and NO3−). X‐ray crystallographic researches revealed that cluster 1 is a tetranuclear cluster consisting of a symmetric binuclear structure in which chloride ions are involved in coordination. Although cluster 2 consists of seven Ni(II) ions, three deprotonated (L)2− parts, two μ3‐ethoxy groups, six μ3‐OH− anions, and two coordinated ethanol molecules, in which it is quite rare for a large number of water molecules to be deprotonated to participate in the bridging of the cluster due to the alkaline environment. TEM electron scanning displayed the distinct shapes. Comparison of DFT calculations revealed that cluster 2 is less chemically reactive and more kinetically stable, which is in accordance with the analytical results of weak interactions, where the stronger weak interaction forces were presented, the more stable the molecule is. Finally, a comparative analysis of UV–Vis, IR, and fluorescence spectra were carried out.