bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connections between academic motivation and benefits to low‐grade inflammatory regulation among the socioeconomically advantaged
Authors: Destin Mesmin , Debrosse Régine , Hernandez Ivan A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionWorking to reach school goals during adolescence and rise in the socioeconomic hierarchy can have unexpected negative consequences for physical health, which are often linked to inflammation. However, certain forms of academic motivation, like finding meaning in difficulty, can benefit health and well‐being. The current study tests whether socioeconomic resources explain this paradox and moderate the relationship between motivational processes and indicators of inflammation among adolescents. Having greater socioeconomic resources may provide the circumstances necessary to experience a beneficial connection between higher school motivation and lower indicators of inflammation.MethodSeventy‐nine adolescents in the United States from diverse backgrounds completed a survey and health screening (59.6% girls, Mage = 14). The survey included a key measure of motivation indicating how students respond to experiences of academic difficulty. The health screening produced assays of C‐reactive protein and interleukin 6 from antecubital blood samples, which provided an indicator of low‐grade inflammation.ResultsMultiple linear regression analyses demonstrated the expected pattern of moderation, such that students with high (but not low) socioeconomic resources experienced a positive connection between motivation and indicators of inflammatory regulation, especially C‐reactive protein.ConclusionsThe findings provide an important contribution to understanding the complex links between achievement and health. Future research on the health costs of mobility should consider the health benefits of motivation that may be observed uniquely among the socioeconomically advantaged. Further, education institutions should promote motivation in ways that are connected to health sustaining forms of support for all students.
Accuracy of patient‐specific instrumentation for implant positioning in custom‐made total ankle arthroplasty
Authors: Mazzotti Antonio , Zielli Simone Ottavio , Arceri Alberto , Artioli Elena , Langone Laura , Sgubbi Federico , Geraci Giuseppe , Faldini Cesare 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThis retrospective radiological analysis aimed to assess the accuracy of implant positioning in patients with ankle arthritis undergoing custom‐made total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) with patient‐specific instrumentation (PSI) compared with preoperative planning.MethodsPatients who underwent custom‐made TAA with PSI from January 2018 to March 2023 were retrospectively evaluated, focusing on the tibial anterior surface (TAS) angle, tibial lateral surface (TLS) angle and tibiotalar ratio (TTR). Additionally, data regarding the time from the preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan to surgery, associated procedures and complications were recorded.ResultsNo associated procedures were performed, and only one intraoperative complication, an iatrogenic lateral malleolar fracture, was recorded. In the coronal plane, custom‐made TAA with PSI consistently achieved precise positioning of prosthetic components, even in cases with significant preoperative deformities or bone deficits. However, a statistically significant deviation from the planned values was observed in the sagittal plane (p = 0.007). A notable correlation was identified between the time elapsed from the preoperative CT scan to surgery and the deviation from the planned to the actual postoperative TAS angle (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study underscores the efficacy of PSI systems in achieving precise positioning in the coronal plane, in accordance with preoperative planning. In contrast, sagittal plane positioning did not demonstrate the same level of accuracy, as evidenced by a statistically significant difference between the planned and postoperative TLS values. Nevertheless, all measurements remained within the recommended range according to the existing literature.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Temporal changes in plasma metabolic signatures to predict immune response of antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV
Authors: Li Junnan , Lv Jiali , Yu Fengting , Zhang Yu , Wang Yuqi , Yan Liting , Xiao Qing , Li Qun , Wang Cheng , Wang Xi , Hou Yan , Zhang Fujie , Zhang Tao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAntiretroviral therapy (ART) is an effective treatment for people living with HIV (PLHIVs), requiring an extended period to achieve immune reconstitution. Metabolic alterations induced by ART are crucial for predicting long‐term therapeutic responses, yet comprehensive investigation through large‐scale clinical studies is still lacking. Here, we collected plasma samples from 108 PLHIVs to the untargeted plasma metabolomics study, based on the longitudinal metabolomics design. Cross‐sectional analyzes were performed at pre‐ and post‐ART to explore the metabolic transformation induced by the therapy. Subsequently, delta values between pre‐ and post‐ART measurements were calculated to quantify metabolic alterations. Then, the optimal set of metabolic traits and clinical signatures were further identified and applied to construct random forest model for predicting the future therapeutic responses to ART. We found distinct ART‐induced metabolic transformation among PLHIVs. After confounder‐adjustments, five metabolites exhibited significant associations with future immune response: tetracosatetraenoic acid (24:4n‐6) (pre‐ART) (odds ratio [OR]: 0.978, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.955~0.997), 1‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)−5‐hydroxy‐3‐decanone (pre‐ART) (OR: 1.298, 95% CI: 1.061~1.727), beta‐PC‐M6 (change) (OR: 0.967, 95% CI: 0.938~0.993), d‐Galactaro‐1,4‐lactone (change) (OR: 1.032, 95% CI: 1.007~1.063), Annuionone C (change) (OR: 1.100, 95% CI: 1.030~1.190). The addition of plasma metabolites to clinical markers accurately predicted immune response to ART with an area under curve of 0.91. Notably, most disrupted metabolites were significantly correlated with blood lipids, suggesting that metabolic transformation might contribute to dyslipidemia among PLHIVs. This study highlights the distinct metabolic transformation post‐ART among PLHIVs and reveals the potential role of metabolic transformation as key determinants of ART efficacy.
Computational modeling of uniaxial antiferroelectric and antiferroelectric‐like actuators
Authors: Nguyen Binh H. , Rochus Véronique 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently, antiferroelectric and antiferroelectric‐like materials have regained interest in electronic devices, such as field‐effect transistors, memory, and transducers. Particularly in micro/nano‐electromechanical coupling systems such as actuators, these innovative materials, with their peculiar phase transition between antiferroelectric and ferroelectric phases, show promise in offering large electro‐strain, fast response, and low power consumption devices. However, compared to numerous computational models of ferroelectric actuators, numerical modeling of antiferroelectric and antiferroelectric‐like actuators remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, we propose a phenomenological model of uniaxial antiferroelectric and antiferroelectric‐like actuators based on their switching polarization behavior. Specifically, both the double hysteresis loop of antiferroelectric materials and the pinched hysteresis loop of antiferroelectric‐like materials can be captured by two hyperbolic tangent functions. This allows us to cast a polarization‐dependent strain and piezoelectric tensor into the constitutive laws. The proposed model is then implemented into a finite element framework, in which the voltage‐induced deformation can be solved using the Newton–Raphson procedure. Numerical examples of both antiferroelectric and antiferroelectric‐like actuators are illustrated and compared with experimental data, showing our proposed model can serve as a useful tool for the design and development of antiferroelectric and antiferroelectric‐like actuators.
Relationship between perceived human resource management system strength, thriving at work, and employee's turnover intention in Chinese hotels
Authors: Guo Jing , Li Longzhen , Kim Min Gyung , Jeon Hyangsuk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe high turnover rate of employees is one of the core problems of human resource management (HRM) in the hotel industry. We aim to propose a fresh perspective on hotel HRM by examining the impact of HRM system strength on employees' turnover intentions from a motivational process perspective. Introducing thriving at work as a mediator, we argue that employees' perceived HRM system strength not only provides a basis for rational judgment but also elicits affective evaluation through thriving at work to reduce turnover intention. Grit, a motivation‐related personality trait, is also considered a moderator. Data from 420 Chinese hotel employees showed that perceived HRM system strength (distinctiveness, consistency, and consensus) reduced turnover intention. Thriving at work partially mediated the relationship, while employee grit moderated the link between HRM strength and thriving. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Extending Applicability of Amino‐Functionalized Silica Nanoparticle as Poly‐Alpha‐Olefin Additive for Different Metal–Metal Sliding Pairs via Secondary Surface‐Capping by Polyisobutylene Succinic Anhydride
Authors: Yao Jiajia , Fan Shuguang , Song Ningning , Gao Chuanping , Zhang Yujuan , Zhang Shengmao 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe tribological properties of lubricants containing the same additives often vary with varying hardness and composition of the frictional parts. This means that, in terms of the effectiveness of lubricant additives, most of current researches using GCr15 steel to assemble the frictional pair could not be directly cited by the moving parts made of other materials. Aiming at verifying if RNS‐1A‐PIBSA (referring to amino‐functionalized silica nanoparticle [RNS‐1A] after secondary surface‐capping by polyisobutylene succinic anhydride [PIBSA]) is suitable for multiple frictional parts made of different materials with varying hardness and composition, herein we investigate its applicability an additive in poly‐alpha‐olefin 6 (PAO6) base oil to three types of sliding pairs constructed from GCr15 steel, #45 steel, and ductile iron with much different hardness and composition by SRV‐5. A series of analyses of worn surface morphology and composition demonstrate that, independent of the composition and hardness of the frictional pairs, RNS‐1A‐PIBSA added in PAO6 base oil can form silica deposition film on the rubbed surfaces of the three kinds of sliding pairs, thereby effectively reducing friction and wear. Besides, we also examine the effect of RNS‐1A‐PIBSA on the thermal stability of the PAO6 base oil, and found the nano‐additive RNS‐1A‐PIBSA can delay the thermal decomposition of PAO6 base oil to some extent, which is favourable for its application in lubrication engineering.
No sex‐based differences in odds of starting or time to treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis: A single center cohort study
Authors: Beland Benjamin , Perera Tefani , Lee Angela , Greenfield Jamie , Korngut Lawrence , Jewett Gordon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsFemales with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) report lower quality of life (QoL) and have more severe disease than males. Sex differences in disease characteristics exist, however whether there are sex differences in the treatment of gMG that may contribute to QoL disparities is unknown. Our objective is to determine whether there are sex differences in the treatment of gMG.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective study of people diagnosed with gMG at the University of Calgary between 1997 and 2021. Primary outcome was proportion starting treatment and secondary outcome was time from diagnosis to treatment initiation. Treatments included pyridostigmine, prednisone, steroid sparing therapies (azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil [MMF], methotrexate [MTX], or tacrolimus), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), plasmapheresis, rituximab, eculizumab, cyclosporine, stem cell transplantation, and thymectomy. Multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine treatment associations with sex, adjusted for time from onset to diagnosis, age at diagnosis, presence of thymoma, and antibody status.ResultsA total of 179 people with gMG were included (41.9% female). Odds of starting treatment were not statistically associated with sex after adjustment for confounders and correction for multiple testing. Results of the secondary analysis using time to treatment initiation as the outcome were similar.DiscussionWe found no sex differences in odds of starting treatment or time to treatment initiation that might explain previously observed sex‐based differences in QoL. Future work should capture physician and patient treatment preferences that may influence disease management.
Examining community‐level social vulnerability and emergency department use for people living with sickle cell disease in Michigan
Authors: Swallow Jennylee , Latta Krista , Plegue Melissa , Peng Hannah K. , Tipirneni Renuka , Smith Dominic , Lê‐Scherban Félice , Dombkowski Kevin J. , Reeves Sarah L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examined associations between emergency department (ED) visits and social vulnerability index (SVI) among Michigan's population with sickle cell disease (SCD) using data from the Michigan Sickle Cell Data Collection program (n = 3658 in 2018). SVI was higher among census tracts where people with SCD resided (mean SVI = 0.67; SD = 0.27) compared to census tracts without SCD residents (mean SVI = 0.39; SD = 0.25; p < .001). For children with SCD, for every 0.1 increase in SVI score, the number of ED visits increased by 6% (IRR = 1.061; SE = 0.03; p = .038). Future research should investigate the association between SVI and ED use, at the community and household levels, to elucidate strategies to reduce ED use among children with SCD.
Study on the mechanical and thermal properties of aramid fibre reinforced with sawdust particulates in an epoxy matrix composite: a novel material for structural applications
Authors: Raja Thandavamoorthy , Devarajan Yuvarajan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the development and characterization of a novel composite material for structural applications, aiming to address the growing demand for lightweight, durable and versatile materials. The composite integrates aramid fibre reinforced with sawdust particulates within an epoxy matrix. Methodologically, the composite was fabricated using a hand layup process, ensuring even distribution and strong adhesion between components. Mechanical testing revealed significant enhancements in tensile strength (up to 135.29 MPa) and flexural strength (up to 136.92 MPa) with the inclusion of sawdust particulates, optimizing stress distribution and impact resistance. Hardness was also improved, peaking at a Rockwell hardness number of 94. Thermal analysis demonstrated moderate thermal conductivity (1.92 W mK−1) and a high heat deflection temperature (109 °C), indicating excellent thermal stability. SEM provided insights into the composite's microstructure, confirming uniform sawdust distribution and robust fibre–matrix adhesion. These findings underscore the potential of this composite for lightweight, durable and thermally stable structural applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Innovative Self Nano‐Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems for Peptic Ulcer Therapy: A Review
Authors: Mujtaba Syed Hassan , Arshad Rabia , Aman Waqar , Barkat Kashif , Malik Abdul , Fatima Anam , Khan Salman Arshad , Sadia Haleema , e Maryam Gul , Moafian Zeinab , Rahdar Abbas , Aboudzadeh M. Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeptic ulcer disease (PUD) adversely affects ≈4 million individuals globally and remains pervasive among 5–10% of the general population. Mucosal lesions prompted by the ulceration lead to the penetration through mucosal layers, ultimately resulting in cavity formation and inflammation. Conventional therapeutic modalities for peptic ulcers have shown unfavorable effects, relapses, and numerous drug interactions. The genesis of gastric ulcers is catalyzed via an imbalanced interplay between environmental lesions, defensive mechanisms, and the restoration of gastric mucosa. Lipid based nanotechnology involved in self‐nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is being tremendously involved in opening avenues in innovative pharmaceutical delivery systems in terms of improving solubility and regenerative healing against peptic ulcers. Biological macromolecules can be incorporated into SNEDDS to embellish the drug delivery system on an advanced level. Herein, in this review, the potential of SNEDDS as a viable carrier for administering biomacromolecules for regenerative healing in ulcers is discussed in detail.
Analytical Photoresponses of Gated Nanowire Photoconductors
Authors: Shen Yinchu , He Jiajing , Xu Yang , Wang Kaiyou , Dan Yaping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLow‐dimensional photoconductors have extraordinarily high photoresponse and gain, which can be modulated by gate voltages as shown in literature. However, the physics of gate modulation remains elusive. In this work, the physics of gate modulation in silicon nanowire photoconductors with the analytical photoresponse equations is investigated. It is found that the impact of gate voltage varies vastly for nanowires with different size. For the wide nanowires that cannot be pinched off by high gate voltage, it is found that the photoresponses are enhanced by at least one order of magnitude due to the gate‐induced electric passivation. For narrow nanowires that starts with a pinched‐off channel, the gate voltage has no electric passivation effect but increases the potential barrier between source and drain, resulting in a decrease in dark and photocurrent. For the nanowires with an intermediate size, the channel is continuous but can be pinched off by a high gate voltage. The photoresponsivity and photodetectivity is maximized during the transition from the continuous channel to the pinched‐off one. This work provides important insights on how to design high‐performance photoconductors.
Radiolarian response to environmental changes at the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian transition in the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria
Authors: Cifer Tim , Goričan Špela , Demény Attila , Gawlick Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMajor environmental, climate and sealevel changes occurred in the Western Tethyan Realm during the late Sinemurian to early Pliensbachian time interval. Here, we examine how these changes affected the taxonomic composition of radiolarian fauna. Radiolarian assemblages were collected on Mount Rettenstein (Northern Calcareous Alps) from a siliceous limestone and marl succession, deposited in a well‐oxygenated basin a few hundred metres in depth on the continental shelf at the western edge of the Neotethys Ocean. Radiolarian research was complemented with elemental and isotope geochemistry on bulk carbonate samples. The siliceous microfaunas below and above the stage boundary consist of more than 80% sponge spicules and less than 20% radiolarians, with a strong predominance of the Order Spumellaria. The Nassellaria to Spumellaria abundance ratio ranges from 1:5 to 1:3. At the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian transition, a significant drop in diversity occurred, accompanied by a substantial change in relative abundances of radiolarian taxa. The most severely affected groups were surface‐dwelling radiolarians (Angulobrachiidae, Hagiastridae, Pantanelliidae; mostly Gorgansium, Poulpidae and Ultranaporidae), which almost or completely disappeared. In contrast, Archaeocenosphaera, Praeconocaryomma, Zhamoidellum and Lantus became abundant and were apparently the most resistant to environmental stress. The changes in radiolarian assemblages were local and probably induced by the end‐Sinemurian sealevel drop that transformed the area into a semi‐enclosed basin with restricted ocean circulation. The exchange of water masses and thus radiolarian faunas with the open sea was reduced and their productivity may have been lowered by the lower inflow of fertile waters from the ocean.
The contribution of open spaces in Mekelle city on crop production during absolute siege in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia
Authors: Hadush Tiegsti , Gebrekiros Tarik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUrban agriculture is fundamental to attaining sustainable development goals in rapidly growing and expanding urban areas. Urban open spaces such as parks, balconies, community gardens, vacant lots, and rooftops can create a breeding ground for urban agricultural practices. Most of the open spaces available in Mekelle city in Ethiopia are land left for leasing in the future and green areas. Despite the limitation on food grain supply, these open spaces were not used to their maximum potential for crop production before the Tigray siege. After the siege began, the available open spaces were cultivated. However, the area of the open spaces added for cultivation and their contribution to crop production have not been studied and documented. Thus, assessing open spaces in the city and their crop production potential remains crucial. Remote sensing and a household survey were employed to collect the necessary data in this study. Urban open space cultivated after the Tigray siege was estimated using image change detection. The contribution of the open spaces to crop production was calculated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The available open spaces in Mekelle city contributed 2687 ha of newly cultivated land, producing 3825 tonnes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 880 tonnes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain. Therefore, utilizing the maximum potential of available open spaces for urban agriculture produces considerable food crops to minimize food shortage.
Roots multi‐lobe vacuum pumps with external compression
Authors: Raykov A. , Salikeev S. , Burmistrov A. , Fomina M. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe influence of the number of lobes on the working process of Roots vacuum pump is examined using the production vacuum pump NVD‐200 with a rotor profile based on an elliptical curve as a prototype. Design with two‐lobe, three‐lobe and four‐lobe rotor profiles was considered. Calculation of the main parameters characterizing profile quality (area‐utilizing ratio and conductance of rotor mechanism clearances) was carried out. The influence of rotor “plumpness” on pumping characteristics was studied. It is shown that the number of lobes providing the maximal pumping speed is different depending on the geometric parameters of the rotor.
PVD‐Beschichtungen ermöglichen textile Kabel und Sensoren
Authors: Hegemann Dirk , Amberg Martin 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungSputtern oder Kathodenzerstäubung ist eine Methode der physikalischen Gasphasenabscheidung (physical vapor deposition, PVD), die auf der Wechselwirkung mit einem Plasma, ein teilweise ionisiertes Gas, unter Vakuumbedingungen beruht. Durch Plasmawechselwirkung werden Atome von einem festen Material, dem Target, abgetragen (gesputtert) und auf einem Substrat abgeschieden. Auf diese Weise erfüllt das Plasma zwei Funktionen: i) die Erzeugung hochenergetischer Ionen von mehreren 100 eV, die auf das Target beschleunigt werden, und ii) die Unterstützung des Schichtwachstums durch Wechselwirkung mit Plasmateilchen niedrigerer Energie, etwa um 10 eV. Für beide Prozesse gibt es angepasste Energiebereiche sowie Schwellenwerte, die in diesem Artikel eingehender betrachtet werden. Sputtern ist ein etabliertes Verfahren mit breiter industrieller Anwendung. Hier wird als Beispiel die Metallisierung von Polymerfasern aufgezeigt, um elektrisch leitfähige textile Sensoren und hochfeste textile Kabel zu ermöglichen.