bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survivin-Induced Abnormal Ploidy Contributes to Cystic Kidney and Aneurysm Formation
Authors: AbouAlaiwi Wissam A. , Muntean Brian S. , Ratnam Shobha , Joe Bina , Liu Lijun , Booth Robert L. , Rodriguez Ingrid , Herbert Britney S. , Bacallao Robert L. , Fruttiger Marcus , Mak Tak W. , Zhou Jing , Nauli Surya M. 
Published: November 2013

Background—

Cystic kidneys and vascular aneurysms are clinical manifestations seen in patients with polycystic kidney disease, a cilia-associated pathology (ciliopathy). Survivin overexpression is associated with cancer, but the clinical pathology associated with survivin downregulation or knockout has never been studied before. The present studies aim to examine whether and how cilia function (
Pkd1
or
Pkd2
) and structure (
Tg737
) play a role in cystic kidney and aneurysm through survivin downregulation.

Methods and Results—

Cysts and aneurysms from polycystic kidney disease patients,
Pkd
mouse, and zebrafish models are characterized by chromosome instability and low survivin expression. This triggers cytokinesis defects and formation of nuclear polyploidy or aneuploidy. In vivo conditional mouse and zebrafish models confirm that
survivin
gene deletion in the kidneys results in a cystic phenotype. As in hypertensive
Pkd1, Pkd2
, and
Tg737
models, aneurysm formation can also be induced in vascular-specific normotensive
survivin
mice.
Survivin
knockout also contributes to abnormal oriented cell division in both kidney and vasculature. Furthermore, survivin expression and ciliary localization are regulated by flow-induced cilia activation through protein kinase C, Akt and nuclear factor-κB. Circumventing ciliary function by re-expressing survivin can rescue polycystic kidney disease phenotypes.

Conclusions—
For the first time, our studies offer a unifying mechanism that explains both renal and vascular phenotypes in polycystic kidney disease. Although primary cilia dysfunction accounts for aneurysm formation and hypertension, hypertension itself does not cause aneurysm. Furthermore, aneurysm formation and cyst formation share a common cellular and molecular pathway involving cilia function or structure, survivin expression, cytokinesis, cell ploidy, symmetrical cell division, and tissue architecture orientation.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Cerebrovascular Events Following Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Korn‐Lubetzki Isabelle , Farkash Rivka , Pachino Rachel M. , Almagor Yaron , Tzivoni Dan , Meerkin David 
Published: November 2013

Background

One of the most daunting complications of cardiac catheterization is a cerebrovascular event (
CVE
). We aimed to assess the real‐life incidence, etiology, and risk factors of cardiac catheterization‐related acute
CVE
s in a large cohort of patients treated in a single center.

Methods and Results

We undertook a retrospective analysis of 43 350 coronary procedures performed on 30 907 procedure days over the period 1992‐2011 and compared patient and procedural characteristics of procedures complicated by
CVE
s with the remaining cohort.
CVE
s occurred in 47 cases: 43 were ischemic, 3 intracerebral hemorrhages, and 1 undetermined. The overall
CVE
rate was 0.15%, with percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
) and diagnostic coronary angiography rates 0.23% and 0.09%, respectively. Using a forward stepwise multivariate logistic regression model including patient demographic and procedural characteristics, a total of 5 significant predictors were defined: prior stroke (
OR
=15.09, 95%
CI
[8.11 to 28.08],
P
<0.0001), presence of coronary arterial thrombus (
OR
=2.79, 95%
CI
[1.25 to 6.22],
P
=0.012), age >75 years (
OR
=3.33, 95%
CI
[1.79 to 6.19],
P
<0.0001), triple vessel disease (
OR
=2.24, 95%
CI
[1.20 to 4.18],
P
=0.011), and performance of intervention (
OR
=2.21, 95%
CI
[1.12 to 4.33],
P
=0.021). An additional analysis excluded any temporal change of
CVE
rates but demonstrated a significant increase of all high‐risk patient features.

Conclusion

In a single‐center, retrospective assessment over nearly 20 years, cardiac catheterization‐related
CVE
s were very rare and nearly exclusively ischemic. The independent predictors for these events were found to be the performance of an intervention and those associated with increased atherosclerotic burden, specifically older age, triple vessel disease, and prior stroke. The presence of intracoronary thrombus appears also to raise the risk of procedure‐related
CVE
.
Trends in the CERES Dataset, 2000–13: The Effects of Sea Ice and Jet Shifts and Comparison to Climate Models
Authors: Hartmann Dennis L. , Ceppi Paulo 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations of global top-of-atmosphere radiative energy fluxes for the period March 2000–February 2013 are examined for robust trends and variability. The trend in Arctic ice is clearly evident in the time series of reflected shortwave radiation, which closely follows the record of ice extent. The data indicate that, for every 106 km2 decrease in September sea ice extent, annual-mean absorbed solar radiation averaged over 75°–90°N increases by 2.5 W m−2, or about 6 W m−2 between 2000 and 2012. CMIP5 models generally show a much smaller change in sea ice extent over the 1970–2012 period, but the relationship of sea ice extent to reflected shortwave is in good agreement with recent observations. Another robust trend during this period is an increase in reflected shortwave radiation in the zonal belt from 45° to 65°S. This trend is mostly related to increases in sea ice concentrations in the Southern Ocean and less directly related to cloudiness trends associated with the annular variability of the Southern Hemisphere. Models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) produce a scaling of cloud reflection to zonal wind increase that is similar to trend observations in regions separated from the direct effects of sea ice. Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) model responses over the Southern Ocean are not consistent with each other or with the observed shortwave trends in regions removed from the direct effect of sea ice.
Seasonal Variation of the South Equatorial Current Bifurcation off Madagascar
Authors: Chen Zhaohui , Wu Lixin , Qiu Bo , Sun Shantong , Jia Fan 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In this paper, seasonal variation of the South Equatorial Current (SEC) bifurcation off the Madagascar coast in the upper south Indian Ocean (SIO) is investigated based on a new climatology derived from the World Ocean Database and 19-year satellite altimeter observations. The mean bifurcation integrated over the upper thermocline is around 18°S and reaches the southernmost position in June/July and the northernmost position in November/December, with a north–south amplitude of about 1°. It is demonstrated that the linear, reduced gravity, long Rossby model, which works well for the North Equatorial Current (NEC) bifurcation in the North Pacific, is insufficient to reproduce the seasonal cycle and the mean position of the SEC bifurcation off the Madagascar coast. This suggests the importance of Madagascar in regulating the SEC bifurcation. Application of Godfrey’s island rule reveals that compared to the zero Sverdrup transport latitude, the mean SEC bifurcation is shifted poleward by over 0.8° because of the meridional transport of about 5 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) between Madagascar and Australia. A time-dependent linear model that extends the Godfrey’s island rule is adopted to examine the seasonal variation of the SEC bifurcation. This time-dependent island rule model simulates the seasonal SEC bifurcation well both in terms of its mean position and peak seasons. It provides a dynamic framework to clarify the baroclinic adjustment processes involved in the presence of an island.
Role of diffusion-weighted MRI: predicting axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer
Authors: Chung Jin , Youk Ji Hyun , Kim Jeong-Ah , Gweon Hye Mi , Kim Eun-Kyung , Ryu Young Hoon , Son Eun Ju 
Published: November 2013

Background Ultrasound (US) is probably the standard imaging procedure in most centers, and US-guided fine needle aspiration can be added if suspicious lymph nodes are found. However, US-guided fine needle aspiration is an invasive method to diagnose a metastasis and has showed relatively low sensitivity. In general, diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an emerging technique for discriminating benign from malignant breast lesions in a short imaging acquisition time. Purpose To evaluate the potential for using DW MRI with an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value to predict axillary lymph node metastases in patients with invasive breast cancer. Material and Methods This study enrolled 110 axillary lymph nodes from 110 consecutive women who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer for preoperative breast MRI and US. The largest enhancing ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes were included in this study, and benign and metastatic axillary lymph nodes were compared according to the pathologic reports. The cut-off ADC value to differentiate between benign and metastatic axillary lymph nodes was evaluated with receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. Diagnostic performance of ultrasound and DW MRI was calculated for enhancing lymph node in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Results Nodal metastases were documented in 68 (62%) axillary lymph nodes. The mean size of metastatic axillary lymph nodes was larger than that of benign axillary lymph nodes (15.5 mm vs. 10.9 mm, P < 0.001). The mean ADC value (0.69 × 10−3 mm2/s) of the metastases was significantly lower than that of the benign axillary lymph nodes (1.04 × 10−3 mm2/s) ( P < 0.001). The ADC value cut-off between metastatic and benign axillary lymph nodes was 0.90 × 10−3 mm2/s. Using ADC cut-off, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DW MRI were 100%, 83.3%, and 93.6%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of US showed 94.1%, 54.8%, and 79.1%, respectively. Conclusion DW MRI of axillary lymph nodes can provide reliable information for the differentiation of benign from metastatic axillary lymph nodes in invasive breast cancer patients.
Revisiting formulation: Part 2. The task of addressing the concept of the unique individual. Remediating problems with formulation
Authors: Smith Graeme C 
Published: November 2013

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to review the theoretical basis of addressing the concept of the unique individual, one of the tasks prescribed in the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) Formulation guidelines for candidates, and to propose a rational basis for remediation of the problems that many candidates and other professionals have with formulation. Conclusion: The difficulty that RANZCP candidates and other mental health professionals have in producing a completely integrated account of an individual is multi-determined, but is partly explainable on theoretical grounds. Understanding why this task (and other tasks of formulation) is problematic requires knowledge of its intellectual history, its rationale, the tools of reasoning that it requires and the nature of the challenges that it can pose to individuals. The paper argues that a rational plan for remediation of a professional’s problems with formulation requires first a ‘formulation’ of those problems, drawing on the theories discussed and acknowledging the uniqueness of that individual. In answering the question, ‘Why is this person having difficulty formulating this patient at this time?’, one needs to address cultural, social and systemic factors, and psychological factors such as the degree of psychological mindedness of the person seeking remediation. Hypotheses based on the formulation about the professional’s difficulty should be developed and tested by interventions.
Navigation Lymphatic Supermicrosurgery for the Treatment of Cancer-Related Peripheral Lymphedema
Authors: Yamamoto Takumi , Yamamoto Nana , Numahata Takao , Yokoyama Ai , Tashiro Kensuke , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Narushima Mitsunaga , Koshima Isao 
Published: November 2013

Background: Lymphatic supermicrosurgery is becoming the treatment of choice for refractory lymphedema. Detection and anastomosis of functional lymphatic vessels are important for lymphatic supermicrosurgery. Methods Navigation lymphatic supermicrosurgery was performed using an operating microscope equipped with an integrated near-infrared illumination system (OPMI Pentero Infrared 800; Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Eight patients with extremity lymphedema who underwent navigation lymphatic supermicrosurgery were evaluated. Results: A total of 21 lymphaticovenular anastomoses were performed on 8 limbs through 14 skin incisions. Lymphatic vessels were enhanced by intraoperative microscopic indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography in 12 of the 14 skin incisions, which resulted in early dissection of lymphatic vessels. All anastomoses showed good anastomosis patency after completion of anastomoses. Postoperative extremity lymphedema index decreased in all limbs. Conclusions: Navigation lymphatic supermicrosurgery, in which lymphatic vessels are visualized with intraoperative microscopic ICG lymphography, allows a lymphatic supermicrosurgeon to find and dissect lymphatic vessels earlier and facilitates successful performance of lymphaticovenular anastomosis.
Clinical features and determinants of COPD exacerbation in the Hokkaido COPD cohort study
Authors: Suzuki Masaru , Makita Hironi , Ito Yoichi M. , Nagai Katsura , Konno Satoshi , Nishimura Masaharu 
Published: November 2013

Exacerbations are among the major factors that may affect the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim was to investigate the clinical characteristics and determinants of COPD exacerbations in our 5-year observational cohort study which had a very low exacerbation frequency.A total of 279 patients with COPD participated in the Hokkaido COPD cohort study, and 268 subjects who had clinical data for multiple visits were analysed. Exacerbation was defined in multiple ways: the patient’s subjective complaint, symptom definition, requiring prescription change, requiring antibiotic treatment, or requiring hospital admission.Exacerbation frequency (events per person per year) was 0.78±1.16, 0.24±0.47, 0.20±0.43, 0.13±0.28 and 0.06±0.19 for subjective complaint and symptom, prescription, antibiotic and hospital admission definitions, respectively. Exacerbation events did not significantly affect the annual decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s. A high St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire total score, especially activity score, and a low body mass index were strongly associated with exacerbation-free survival, exacerbation frequency and development of recurrent exacerbations.Despite the low exacerbation frequency in our cohort, impaired health-related quality of life and weight loss were found to be independent risk factors for COPD exacerbations.
The IL-6 response to Chlamydia from primary reproductive epithelial cells is highly variable and may be involved in differential susceptibility to the immunopathological consequences of chlamydial infection
Authors: Cunningham Kelly , Stansfield Scott H , Patel Pooja , Menon Shruti , Kienzle Vivian , Allan John A , Huston Wilhelmina M 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background

Chlamydia trachomatis infection results in reproductive damage in some women. The process and factors involved in this immunopathology are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of primary human cellular responses to chlamydial stress response proteases and chlamydial infection to further identify the immune processes involved in serious disease sequelae.

Results
Laboratory cell cultures and primary human reproductive epithelial cultures produced IL-6 in response to chlamydial stress response proteases (CtHtrA and CtTsp), UV inactivated Chlamydia, and live Chlamydia. The magnitude of the IL-6 response varied considerably (up to 1000 pg ml-1) across different primary human reproductive cultures. Thus different levels of IL-6 production by reproductive epithelia may be a determinant in disease outcome. Interestingly, co-culture models with either THP-1 cells or autologous primary human PBMC generally resulted in increased levels of IL-6, except in the case of live Chlamydia where the level of IL-6 was decreased compared to the epithelial cell culture only, suggesting this pathway may be able to be modulated by live Chlamydia. PBMC responses to the stress response proteases (CtTsp and CtHtrA) did not significantly vary for the different participant cohorts. Therefore, these proteases may possess conserved innate PAMPs. MAP kinases appeared to be involved in this IL-6 induction from human cells. Finally, we also demonstrated that IL-6 was induced by these proteins and Chlamydia from mouse primary reproductive cell cultures (BALB/C mice) and mouse laboratory cell models.

Conclusions
We have demonstrated that IL-6 may be a key factor for the chlamydial disease outcome in humans, given that primary human reproductive epithelial cell culture showed considerable variation in IL-6 response to Chlamydia or chlamydial proteins, and that the presence of live Chlamydia (but not UV killed) during co-culture resulted in a reduced IL-6 response suggesting this response may be moderated by the presence of the organism.
Humoral and cellular responses to a non-adjuvanted monovalent H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine in hospital employees
Authors: Herrera Ma Teresa , Gonzalez Yolanda , Juárez Esmeralda , Hernández-Sánchez Fernando , Carranza Claudia , Sarabia Carmen , Guzman-Beltran Silvia , Manjarrez Ma Eugenia , Muñoz-Torrico Marcela , Garcia-Garcia Lourdes , Sada Eduardo , Torres Martha 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
The efficacy of the H1N1 influenza vaccine relies on the induction of both humoral and cellular responses. This study evaluated the humoral and cellular responses to a monovalent non-adjuvanted pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in occupationally exposed subjects who were previously vaccinated with a seasonal vaccine.

Methods
Sixty healthy workers from a respiratory disease hospital were recruited. Sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained prior to and 1 month after vaccination with a non-adjuvanted monovalent 2009 H1N1 vaccine (Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine Panenza, Sanofi Pasteur). Antibody titers against the pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus were measured via hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization assays. Antibodies against the seasonal HA1 were assessed by ELISA. The frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation specific to the pandemic virus A/H1N peptides, seasonal H1N1 peptides and seasonal H3N2 peptides were assessed using ELISPOT and flow cytometry.

Results
At baseline, 6.7% of the subjects had seroprotective antibody titers. The seroconversion rate was 48.3%, and the seroprotection rate was 66.7%. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) were significantly increased (from 6.8 to 64.9, p < 0.05). Forty-nine percent of the subjects had basal levels of specific IFN-γ-producing T cells to the pandemic A/H1N1 peptides that were unchanged post-vaccination. CD4+ T cell proliferation in response to specific pandemic A/H1N1 virus peptides was also unchanged; in contrast, the antigen-specific proliferation of CD8+ T cells significantly increased post-vaccination.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that a cellular immune response that is cross-reactive to pandemic influenza antigens may be present in populations exposed to the circulating seasonal influenza virus prior to pandemic or seasonal vaccination. Additionally, we found that the pandemic vaccine induced a significant increase in CD8+ T cell proliferation.
Use of alternative and complementary therapies in labor and delivery care: a cross-sectional study of midwives’ training in Catalan hospitals accredited as centers for normal birth
Authors: Muñoz-Sellés Ester , Vallès-Segalés Antoni , Goberna-Tricas Josefina 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) during pregnancy is increasing. Scientific evidence for CAM and CAT in the field of obstetrics mainly covers pain relief in labor. Midwives are responsible for labor and delivery care: hence, their knowledge of CAM and CAT is important. The aims of this study are to describe the professional profile of midwives who provide care for natural childbirth in Catalan hospitals accredited as centers for normal birth, to assess midwives’ level of training in CAT and their use of these therapies, and to identify specific resources for CAT in labor wards.

Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative method was used to assess the level of training and use of CAT by midwives working at 28 hospitals in Catalonia, Spain, accredited as public normal birth centers.

Results
Just under a third of midwives (30.4%) trained in CAT after completion of basic training. They trained in an average of 5.97 therapies (SD 3.56). The number of CAT in which the midwives were trained correlated negatively with age (r = - 0.284; p < 0.001) and with their time working at the hospital in years (r = - 0.136; p = 0.036). Midwives trained in CAT considered that the following therapies were useful or very useful for pain relief during labor and delivery: relaxation techniques (64.3%), hydrotherapy (84.8%) and the application of compresses to the perineum (75.9%). The availability of resources for providing CAT during normal birth care varied widely from center to center.

Conclusions
Age may influence attitudes towards training. It is important to increase the number of midwives trained in CAM for pain relief during childbirth, in order to promote the use of CAT and ensure efficiency and safety. CAT resources at accredited hospitals providing normal childbirth care should also be standardized.
Induction of pro-inflammatory response of the placental trophoblast by Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes and TNF
Authors: Vásquez Ana María , Segura Cesar , Blair Silvia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundPlasmodium falciparumplacental malaria is characterized by the sequestration of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placental intervillous space via adherence to chondroitin sulphate A (CSA), production of inflammatory molecules, and leukocytes infiltration. Previous reports suggest that the syncytiotrophoblast (ST) immunologically responds to IEs contact. This study explores the inflammatory response induced in BeWo cells by adherence of IEs and TNFstimulation.MethodsA non-syncitialized BeWo cells (trophoblast model) were used to evaluate its response to CSA-adherents IEs (FCB1csa, FCB2csa, FCR3csa, 3D7csa) and TNF stimulation. Expression of membrane ICAM-1 (mICAM-1) receptor in BeWo cells was quantified by flow cytometry and the IL-8, IL-6 and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) concentrations were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA) in BeWo stimulated supernatants.ResultsBeWo cells stimulated with TNF and CSA-adherents IEs of FCB1csa and 3D7csa (strains with higher adhesion) increase the expression of ICAM-1 on the surface of cells and the secretion of immune factors IL-8, IL-6 and sICAM-1. This inflammatory response appears to be related to the level of adherence of IEs because less adherent strains do not induce significant changes.ConclusionsIt was found that BeWo cells responds to CSA-IEs and to TNF favouring a placental pro-inflammatory environment, evidenced by increases in the expression of membrane mICAM-1 and release of soluble ICAM-1, as well as the IL-8 and IL-6 secretion. The expression of ICAM-1 in BeWo cells might be associated to an increase in leukocyte adhesion to the trophoblast barrier, promoting greater inflammation, while the sICAM-1 release could be a protection mechanism activated by trophoblastic cells, in order to regulate the local inflammatory response.