bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mundgesundheit von berufstätigen und nicht berufstätigen Frauen – Ergebnisse einer regionalen Untersuchung und Umfrage
Authors: Ehlers V. , Willershausen I. , Weyer V. , Leskov-Hamza T. , Lampe F. , Willershausen B. 
Published: June 2013

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Studie sollte der Mundgesundheitszustand sowie Mundhygienemaßnahmen bei berufstätigen und nichtberufstätigen Frauen untersucht und miteinander verglichen werden. Neben einer zahnärztlichen Untersuchung wurden mittels Fragebogen sowohl Mundhygienemaßnahmen als auch soziodemografische Daten erhoben.Für die Studie konnten insgesamt 415 Frauen (210 berufstätige und 205 nicht berufstätige Frauen) der Altersgruppe 25–65 Jahre erfasst werden. Bei allen Frauen erfolgte eine zahnärztliche Untersuchung einschließlich einer radiologischen Befundung (Panoramaschichtaufnahme). Die zahnärztliche Untersuchung beinhaltete Anzahl der Zähne, Karieshäufigkeit (DMFT-Wert), Art und Häufigkeit von Restaurationen, Mundhygienemaßnahmen (API), Entzündungsgrad der Gingiva (SBI), Sondierungstiefen und das Vorliegen von Rezessionen. Des weiteren wurde ein Fragebogen ausgefüllt, der Informationen zu anamnestischen Daten, Familiensituation, Bildungsstand und Berufstätigkeit beinhaltete. Für die Studie lag das positive Votum der Ethikkommission (Rheinland-Pfalz) vor.Die nicht erwerbstätigen Frauen/Hausfrauen (Alter: 38,1±9,7 Jahre) waren zu 90% verheiratet, nur zu 3% starke Raucherinnen und nur 2% hatten einen Hochschulabschluss. Berufstätige Frauen (Alter: 43,2±11 Jahre) waren zu 73% verheiratet, 17% waren starke Raucherinnen (>20 Zigaretten/Tag) und 10% hatten einen Hochschulabschluss. Die Mundhygienemaßnahmen der Berufstätigen waren im Vergleich zu den nicht erwerbstätigen Frauen tendenziell besser, jedoch hatten die berufstätigen Frauen vermehrt aggressive Parodontalerkrankungen (15% vs. 3,3%; p<0,027). In der logistischen Regression wiesen berufstätige Frauen im Gegensatz zu nicht Erwerbstätigen ein 4-fach erhöhtes Risiko auf, eine aggressive Parodontitis zu entwickeln (Odds Ratio 4,23; 95% KI: 0,77–23,17).Die Mundgesundheit von berufstätigen Frauen und Frauen ohne Erwerbstätigkeit zeigte leichte Unterschiede. Diese Untersuchungen legen den Schluss nahe, dass Berufstätigkeit, Bildungsstand und Lebensstil der Frauen sowohl die oralen Pflegemaßnahmen als auch die Mundgesundheit beeinflussen.
Infection in autoimmune bullous diseases: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Lehman Julia S. , Khunger Monica , Lohse Christine M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCertain autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD), including pemphigoid and pemphigus, confer increased infection risk. Infections have not been systematically studied in these conditions, however. Little is known about infection risk in these conditions, particularly dermatitis herpetiformis (DH). We aimed to characterize and compare infection patterns and risk factors in patients with pemphigoid, pemphigus, and DH. We retrospectively studied the medical records of Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents who had a diagnosis of AIBD between 1 January 1998 and 1 January 2011. Of 81 patients studied, 54 (67%) had pemphigoid, 11 (14%) had pemphigus and 16 (20%) had DH. Most patients studied developed at least one localized infection (72%) or one systemic infection (83%). Almost one‐third of patients (31%) developed infections requiring hospitalization or contributing to death. All patients taking systemic corticosteroids experienced a localized or systemic infection during the follow‐up period. Systemic infections were significantly less frequent in patients with DH than those with pemphigoid or pemphigus (P = 0.03), as were systemic infections requiring hospitalization or contributing to death (P = 0.002). Patients with DH were significantly less likely to require systemic corticosteroids (P < 0.001) and significantly more likely to receive dapsone (P = 0.002). The study design was retrospective and a limited number of patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients with AIBD frequently developed localized and systemic infections, a substantial portion of which contributed to hospitalization or death. Patients with DH experienced infections of lesser severity than patients with pemphigoid or pemphigus.
A bio‐nanocapsule containing envelope protein domain III of Japanese encephalitis virus protects mice against lethal Japanese encephalitis virus infection
Authors: Miyata Takeshi , Tafuku Senji , Harakuni Tetsuya , Tadano Masayuki , Yoshimoto Nobuo , Iijima Masumi , Matsuo Hidenori , Matsuzaki Goro , Kuroda Shun'ichi , Arakawa Takeshi 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAn engineered bio‐nanocapsule (BNC) comprising modified hepatitis B surface antigen L protein was used as a physical scaffold for envelope protein domain III (D3) of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). At the N terminus, the BNC contained a two‐tandem repeat of the Z domain (ZZ) derived from Staphylococcus aureus protein A (ZZ‐BNC). The Lys‐rich ZZ moiety exposed on the surface of ZZ‐BNC was used for chemical conjugation with the JEV D3 antigen, which had been expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. Immunization of mice with D3 loaded on the surface of ZZ‐BNC (ZZ‐BNC:D3) augmented serum IgG response against JEV and increased protection against lethal JEV infection. The present study suggests that innocuous recombinant antigens, when loaded on the surface of ZZ‐BNC, can be transformed to immunogenic antigens.
Nutrient regulation strategies differ between cricket morphs that trade‐off dispersal and reproduction
Authors: Clark Rebecca M. , McConnell Ashley , Zera Anthony J. , Behmer Spencer T. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Nutrient regulation should covary with life history, but actual demonstrations of this connection are rare.

Here, we use a wing‐polymorphic cricket, Gryllus firmus, that trades off dispersal and reproduction; the long‐winged morph with functional flight muscles [LW(f)] is adapted for dispersal at the expense of egg production, while the short‐winged (SW) morph is adapted for egg production at the expense of flight. We explore the extent to which these two morphs differentially regulate macronutrient intake to best match their life‐history strategy.

In a ‘choice’ experiment, we offered female crickets of each morph [LW(f) and SW] two nutritionally complementary foods varying in protein and digestible carbohydrate content. In a second ‘no‐choice’ experiment, we confined crickets to one of five foods, each with a different protein/carbohydrate ratio. In both experiments, and for both morphs, we measured food intake, mass gain and lipid concentration.

In the ‘choice’ experiments, LW(f) females selected a more carbohydrate‐biased diet than SW females. The two morphs gained similar total mass, but the LW morph had higher lipid concentration.

In the no‐choice experiment, the two morphs practised different nutrient ‘consumption rules’. SW females ate similar total nutrient amounts (protein plus carbohydrate) across diets, while LW(f) females decreased intake as the protein/carbohydrate ratio of the available food became increasingly imbalanced. Overall mass gain was marginally higher in the SW morph and lowest for both morphs on the diets that were extremely carbohydrate biased. LW(f) and SW females had similar lipid concentrations across the diets, even though LW(f) crickets ate less carbohydrate on the two carbohydrate‐biased diets. Our data suggest that for LW(f) females, there are costs of overeating nutrients in excess of requirements, but they are efficient at utilizing ingested nutrients.

Our results shed new light on how the nutritional environment interacts with the direct trade‐off between dispersal and reproduction occurring in adult G. firmus crickets. Dispersal is linked to heightened diet selectivity and an emphasis on nutrients promoting flight fuel (lipid) storage over protein acquisition for egg laying, such that nutritional regulation complements the metabolic mechanisms that generate this trade‐off.
Heat stress and the fitness consequences of climate change for terrestrial ectotherms
Authors: Kingsolver Joel G. , Diamond Sarah E. , Buckley Lauren B. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Climate change will increase both average temperatures and extreme summer temperatures. Analyses of the fitness consequences of climate change have generally omitted negative fitness and population declines associated with heat stress.

Here, we examine how seasonal and interannual temperature variability will impact fitness shifts of ectotherms from the past (1961–1990) to future (2071–2100), by modelling thermal performance curves (TPCs) for insect species across latitudes.

In temperate regions, climate change increased the length of the growing season (increasing fitness) and increased the frequency of heat stress (decreasing fitness). Consequently, species at mid‐latitudes (20–40°) showed pronounced but heterogeneous responses to climate change. Fitness decreases for these species were accompanied by greater interannual variation in fitness. An alternative TPC model and a larger data set gave qualitatively similar results.

How close maximum summer temperatures are to the critical thermal maximum of a species – the thermal buffer – is a good predictor of the change in mean fitness expected under climate change. Thermal buffers will decrease to near or below zero by 2100 for many tropical and mid‐latitude species.

Our forecasts suggest that mid‐latitude species will be particularly susceptible to heat stress associated with climate change due to temperature variation.
Streams are efficient corridors for plant species in forest metacommunities
Authors: Araujo Calçada Emmanuelle , Closset‐Kopp Déborah , Gallet‐Moron Emilie , Lenoir Jonathan , Rêve Mathilde , Hermy Martin , Decocq Guillaume 
Published: June 2013

Summary

The maintenance, restoration or construction of corridors are among the most important conservation strategies world‐wide in the face of global changes such as habitat fragmentation and climate change, although their effectiveness still remains an open question. Metacommunity ecology provides a useful framework to answer this question but so far relatively few studies have concerned plant species.

Here, we evaluate the connectivity effect of small streams originating in a large forest for plant communities of forest patches within an agricultural landscape. We compared α‐ and β‐diversity of patches connected to a large forest with isolated patches whilst controlling for habitat effects and patch area. Species composition of each patch type was examined with a nonparametric MANOVA and an indicator species analysis.

We found that forest patches connected to the main forest through streams were not more species rich after accounting for habitat effects but were more similar than isolated patches, be the latter crossed or not by a stream. Connected patches exhibited a different species composition with more forest habitat specialists and more hydrochores than nonconnected patches.

Many forest herb species well known for being dispersal‐limited appeared to be efficiently transported by water as incidental hydrochores over long distances and relatively short‐time scales. Using streams as ‘high‐speed corridors’, these species increased their colonization speed by at least 15 times compared with conventional dispersal.

Synthesis and applications. This study demonstrates that streams can act as efficient corridors for plant species across agricultural landscapes and contribute to the dynamics of forest metacommunities. From a management perspective, preserving the longitudinal integrity of streams is likely to increase the connectivity within and between forest metacommunities and can assist dispersal‐limited species to be resilient to projected climate warming by increasing their migration speed. Restoring not only wooded elements but watercourse networks is thus a suitable strategy to manage landscapes efficiently for the forest flora conservation.
Visuoperceptual deficits and participation in older adults after stroke
Authors: Beaudoin Audrée Jeanne , Fournier Bénédicte , Julien‐Caron Léonie , Moleski Lucie , Simard Joanie , Mercier Louisette , Desrosiers Johanne 
Published: June 2013

Background/aimVisuoperceptual deficits frequently occur after a stroke, but little is known about how they evolve over time. These deficits may have an impact on participation in daily activities and social roles. The aims were to (i) track changes over six months in the visual perception of older adults with persistent visuoperceptual deficits after a stroke; (ii) examine if these changes differed between participants who had and had not received rehabilitation services; and (iii) verify if participation differed between participants with and without visuoperceptual deficits.MethodsVisual perception as well as participation of 189 older adults who had had a stroke were evaluated in the first month (T1) after being discharged home from an acute care hospital (NO REHAB group) or rehabilitation unit (REHAB group). For visual perception, only participants presenting deficits at T1 were re‐evaluated at three months (T2; n = 93), and those with deficits at T2 were re‐evaluated at six months (T3; n = 61).ResultsA total of 57 people (30.2%) had visuoperceptual deficits six months after discharge home. Despite persistent deficits, approximately 45% of the participants in the two groups improved whereas 50% of the NO REHAB group and 24.3% of the REHAB group deteriorated. Changes in the mean scores on the MVPT‐V were similar in the two groups. Participation, and especially participation in social roles, was more restricted in participants with visuoperceptual deficits (P < 0.001), independent of the severity of the stroke.ConclusionVisuoperceptual deficits are common post‐stroke. However, they evolve differently in different people and are associated with a reduction in participation.
Distribution of acI‐Actinorhodopsin genes in Baltic Sea salinity gradients indicates adaptation of facultative freshwater photoheterotrophs to brackish waters
Authors: Salka Ivette , Wurzbacher Christian , Garcia Sarahi L. , Labrenz Matthias , Jürgens Klaus , Grossart Hans‐Peter 
Published: June 2013

SummaryKnowledge on Actinobacteria rhodopsin gene (actR) diversity and spatial distribution is scarce. The Baltic Sea is characterized by strong salinity gradients leading to the coexistence of marine and freshwater bacteria and hence is an ideal study area to elucidate the dispersion and phylogenetic affiliation of actR in dependence on salinity. ActR DGGE fingerprints in summer 2008 revealed between 3 and 19 distinct bands within a salinity range of 2.4–27 PSU. Environmental actR clone sequences were obtained from stations distributed along the whole salinity gradient. Overall, 20 different actR sequence groups (operational taxonomic units) were found, with up to 11 different ones per station. Phylogenetically, the actR sequences were predominantly (80%) affiliated with freshwater acI‐Actinobacteria whose 16S rRNA gene accounted for 2–33% of total 16S rRNA genes in both the Bothnian Sea and central Baltic Sea. However, at salinities above 14 PSU, acI‐16S rRNA gene accounted for less than 1%. In contrast, the diversity of actR remained high. Changes in actR gene diversity were significantly correlated with salinity, oxygen, silica or abundance of Synechococcus sp. Our results demonstrate a wide distribution of freshwater actR along the Baltic Sea salinity gradient indicating that some freshwater Actinobacteria might have adapted to higher salinities.
Marine biofilms on artificial surfaces: structure and dynamics
Authors: Salta Maria , Wharton Julian A. , Blache Yves , Stokes Keith R. , Briand Jean‐Francois 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe search for new antifouling (AF) coatings that are environmentally benign has led to renewed interest in the ways that micro‐organisms colonize substrates in the marine environment. This review covers recently published research on the global species composition and dynamics of marine biofilms, consisting mainly of bacteria and diatoms found on man‐made surfaces including AF coatings. Marine biofilms directly interact with larger organisms (macrofoulers) during colonization processes; hence, recent literature on understanding the basis of the biofilm/macrofouling interactions is essential and will also be reviewed here. Overall, differences have been identified in species composition between biofilm and planktonic forms for both diatoms and bacteria at various exposure sites. In most studies, the underlying biofilm was found to induce larval and spore settlement of macrofoulers; however, issues such as reproducibility, differences in exposure sites and biofilm composition (natural multispecies vs. monospecific species) may influence the outcomes.
Clinical utility of retrograde terminal ileum intubation in the evaluation of chronic non‐bloody diarrhea
Authors: Makkar Rohit , Lopez Rocio , Shen Bo 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to investigate the frequency and factors involved in the terminal ileum intubation of patients with chronic, non‐bloody diarrhea and to compare diagnostic yields of colonoscopy and ileocolonoscopy.MethodsThe medical records of 945 patients undergoing colonoscopy for chronic, non‐bloody diarrhea were reviewed. Findings of microscopic colitis, Clostridium difficile colitis, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease or tropical sprue were considered as definitive causes of diarrhea.ResultsA total of 689 patients met the diagnosis of chronic, non‐bloody diarrhea, in which 370 (53.7%) underwent ileocolonoscopy. Specific histological diagnosis could explain the patient's symptoms in 107 (15.5%) patients. The diagnostic yield were 15.0% in the colonoscopy‐only group, 16.9% in the ileocolonoscopy without biopsy group, and 15.5% in the ileocolonoscopy with biopsy group. Of the 19 patients with an abnormal terminal ileal biopsy, six (31.6%) had an otherwise normal colonic appearance which would have been diagnosed as normal if the ileum had not been reached and biopsied. In those with Crohn's disease (n = 7), five had ileocolitis and two had colitis only. A multivariate analysis showed that age of the patients and otherwise normal gross endoscopic results to be the only factors associated with a lower likelihood of ileal intubation by endoscopists.ConclusionsThe ileal intubation rate was 53.7% in our patients with chronic, non‐bloody diarrhea. Diagnostic yield of ileocolonoscopy with biopsy in US patients with chronic, non‐bloody diarrhea appeared to be low, if the colon side was normal on endoscopy. But this may provide supportive evidence in patients diagnosed with ileocolonic Crohn's disease.
‘Heroines of their own romance’: Creative Exchanges between Life‐Writing and Fiction, the ‘Scandalous Memoirists’ and Charlotte Lennox
Authors: JOULE VICTORIA 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article examines the creative relationship between lives and stories and the intrinsic relationship between autobiography and fiction, with particular attention to the ‘scandalous memoirists’ of the mid‐eighteenth century. By using the more flexible concept of life‐writing, the article highlights the porous nature of genres at this time and the way in which strict categorisation has limited understandings of literary exchanges. Concluding with Charlotte Lennox, the article demonstrates the potential in recognising fluidity of genre and challenges the superficial division between the ‘respectable’ Lennox and the ‘scandalous’ memoirists.
Patterns and drivers of bacterial α‐ and β‐diversity across vertical profiles from surface to subsurface sediments
Authors: Luna Gian Marco , Corinaldesi Cinzia , Rastelli Eugenio , Danovaro Roberto 
Published: June 2013

SummaryWe investigated the patterns and drivers of bacterial α‐ and β‐diversity, along with viral and prokaryotic abundance and the carbon production rates, in marine surface and subsurface sediments (down to 1 m depth) in two habitats: vegetated sediments (seagrass meadow) and non‐vegetated sediments. Prokaryotic abundance and production decreased with depth in the sediment, but cell‐specific production rates and the virus‐to‐prokaryote ratio increased, highlighting unexpectedly high activity in the subsurface. The highest diversity was observed in vegetated sediments. Bacterial β‐diversity between sediment horizons was high, and only a minor number of taxa was shared between surface and subsurface layers. Viruses significantly contributed to explain α‐ and β‐diversity patterns. Despite potential limitations due to the only use of fingerprinting techniques, this study indicates that the coastal subsurface host highly active and diversified bacterial assemblages, that subsurface cells are more active than expected and that viruses promote β‐diversity and stimulate bacterial metabolism in subsurface layers. The limited number of taxa shared between habitats, and between surface and subsurface sediment horizons, suggests that future investigations of the shallow subsurface will provide insights into the census of bacterial diversity, and the comprehension of the patterns and drivers of prokaryotic diversity in marine ecosystems.
Poor postnatal head growth in very preterm infants is associated with impaired neurodevelopment outcome
Authors: Neubauer Vera , Griesmaier Elke , Pehböck‐Walser Nicola , Pupp‐Peglow Ulrike , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo examine the association between neurodevelopmental outcome and head circumference (HC) in a cohort of very preterm infants and in this context to investigate the relevance of suboptimal head size.MethodsSomatometric data were obtained at birth, discharge and 3, 12 and 24 months for all infants born in Tyrol <32 weeks gestational age. Growth data are presented as z scores. HC was defined as microcephaly (>2 SD below mean), suboptimal (>1 SD below mean) or normal head size (<1 SD below mean). Neurodevelopmental outcome was quantified at 12 and 24 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II.ResultsThe percentage of infants with suboptimal head size increased until the age of 24 months and was related to adverse outcome. The association was strongest between HC at 3 months and psychomotor and mental outcome as quantified using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development.ConclusionPoor postnatal head growth was common in our study cohort. Both microcephaly and suboptimal head size were associated with impaired neurodevelopmental outcome. Suboptimal head size at 3 months was found to be particularly associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome.