bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remineralization efficiency of three different agents on artificially produced enamel lesions: A micro‐CT study
Authors: İlisulu Sabiha Ceren , Gürcan Aliye Tuğçe , Şişmanoğlu Soner 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the remineralization efficacy of casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‐ACP), silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide (SDF/KI), and sodium fluoride with functionalized tricalcium phosphate (NaF/fTCP) on artificial early enamel lesion using laser fluorescence and micro‐CT analysis.MethodologyOn extracted impacted third molars, artificial enamel lesions were prepared. Twenty‐eight specimens were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 7 per group): a control group (artificial saliva), CPP‐ACP (GC Tooth Mousse), SDF/KI (Riva Star), and NaF/fTCP (Clinpro White varnish). Following the manufacturer's instructions, the remineralization agents were applied to demineralized surfaces. Laser fluorescence and micro‐CT were used to evaluate the remineralization efficacy of the agents and analyzes were performed during four stages: before demineralization, after demineralization, 1st day of remineralization and 30th day of remineralization. Shapiro–Wilk test, repeated measures two‐way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. A significant level of p < 0.05 was established.ResultsSDF/KI significantly reduced the lesion area and lesion volume on the demineralized enamel surface after 30 days of remineralization. In the T3 period, SDF/KI increased the mineral density statistically significantly compared to the T1 period. The laser fluorescence values for all three remineralizing agents exhibited a linear decrease. A significant correlation between the fluorescence values and the mineral density was found (p = 0.01).ConclusionAll three investigated agents were showed positive remineralization efficacy on artificial enamel lesion. However, SDF/KI, containing silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide exhibited superior than other agents in promoting remineralization.Clinical SignificanceAlthough all three remineralization agents showed positive remineralization efficacy on artificial enamel lesions, SDF had higher remineralization performance over the other two agents. SDF has potential to prevent progression of demineralization in treating children with high caries risk in the long‐term.
Schistura sonarengaensis, a new species of cave‐dwelling loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from Meghalaya, northeast India
Authors: Mukhim Dran Khlur B. , Sarma Kangkan , Choudhury Hrishikesh , Chandran Rejani , Das Rajdeep , Singh Rajeev K. , Warbah Deisakee P. , Sarkar Uttam Kumar , Sarma Dandadhar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA new species of nemacheilid loach, Schistura sonarengaensis sp. nov., is described from three cave‐dwelling populations (Barak–Surma–Meghna drainage) in the South Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, India. The new species possesses prominent eyes but is easily distinguished from all the congeners of the genus Schistura from Barak–Surma–Meghna and adjacent rivers drainages of northeast Indian (except S. syngkai) in having 13–26 vertically elongated to circular mid‐lateral black blotches (brownish in life) overlayered on a grayish‐black mid‐lateral stripe on a dull white or pale‐beige (golden brown in life) body. However, it can be easily distinguished from S. syngkai in having a complete (vs. incomplete) lateral line with more 72–89 (vs. 19–42) lateral‐line pored scales, greater pre‐dorsal length (48.5–53.1 vs. 41.9–44.1 %SL), a wider body at dorsal‐fin origin (11.3–16.7 vs. 9.4–10.3 %SL), greater dorsal (18.1–21.1 vs. 15.1–17.0 %SL) and lateral (20.9–24.1 vs. 17.4–18.9 %SL) head length, a wider head (14.5–18.5 vs. 11.6–13.3 %SL), and moderately forked (vs. emarginated) caudal fin. Further, molecular analysis confirms the distinctiveness of S. sonarengaensis sp. nov. from its congeners found in northeast India by significant divergences with uncorrected genetic distance ranging from 3.7% to 17.3% in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene dataset. The phylogenetic position of the new species with its sister species was evaluated using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis. The species delimitation approaches assemble species by automatic partitioning (ASAP) and Poisson tree processes (PTP) utilized for testing species assignments consistently identified our test group as a distinct species from its sister species. Although the new species lacks typical morphological adaptations usually associated with a subterranean life, such as complete absence (or vestigial presence) of eyes and pigmentation, it exhibits a reduction of pigmentation when compared to the epigean congeners.
Ex‐post evaluation of fishery management policies on wild fisheries production in northern Cabo Verde: An example of mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus, Carangidae)
Authors: da Cruz Delgado Katelene , Osemwegie Isimemen , Medina Anibal Delgado , Nascimento da Luz Alciany , Kubik Zaneta , Kouamelan Essetchi Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGovernment policies for marine fisheries have been implemented in Cabo Verde since its independence in 1975, with the aim to prevent overexploitation of wild fish species and promote sustainable fishing practices. Nonetheless, only minor amendments have been made to the legal harvesting size, considering biological sciences. This study, therefore, adopted a transdisciplinary approach to assess the political, ecological, and social dimensions of current fishery policy interventions applicable to the commercially valuable pelagic species Decapterus macarellus (mackerel scad). An ex‐post analysis of relevant fishery management policies targeting D. macarellus was conducted. This was supplemented by strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis conducted by key fisheries stakeholders. Stocks assessment was conducted on catch data before (2003–2007) and after (2017–2021) the policy interventions. This was followed by a survey of 175 fishery sector actors to understand their perception of the policies, compliance challenges, and recommendations for reforms. Results showed that although the mackerel scad landing size comparably increased, landing catches were on the decline. Most fisheries stakeholders are aware of the policies implemented and acknowledge their favorable developmental outcomes. However, certain gaps exist in the national marine fisheries policies. For example, there is an absence of follow‐up research on implemented fishing policies and a lack of monitoring data on the ecology and distribution of the mackerel scad, which hinders our understanding of the exact causes of the reported continual decrease in catches. There is, therefore, a need for regular monitoring of the environmental health of coastal and marine habitats to inform prioritization and/or reformulation of policy intervention measures to achieve intended conservation outcomes.
Lessons from a geriatric clinical case from the 19th century: a bridge to modern geriatric medicine
Authors: Arisi Arianna , Salvi Marco , Corradi Domenico , Sandrini Francesca , Bruni Renato , Frasca Elena , Cattabiani Chiara , Zucchini Irene , La Porta Umberto , Testa Crescenzo , Niccoli Giampaolo , Lauretani Fulvio , Maggio Marcello 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCount Neipperg (1775–1829), the morganatic husband of Maria Luigia of Habsburg, Napoleon's former wife, presented with typical heart failure symptoms and died of bilateral bronchopneumonia. Neipperg's case is an example of the conflict in the medical field, which led to the birth of modern evidence‐based medicine (EBM), and although Neipperg died almost 200 years ago, his case presents the same critical issues that more complex geriatric patients face today. First, the attending physicians provided divergent opinions without reaching an agreement. For example, Francesco Rossi correctly diagnosed heart disease by evaluating the patient's signs and symptoms, a clinical approach that is an early example of modern EBM. By contrast, Giacomo Tommasini made a misdiagnosis based on the philosophical principles of John Brown's vitalist theory, as reworded by Giovanni Rasori. Second, Tommasini's medical report also includes evidence of the Geriatric 5Ms for older patient care, such as multi‐complexity, multimorbidity, medication, mobility, and the mind. Moreover, both physicians considered “what matters most” for the patient and his family. Third, the Count's status and political role were identified as the social and structural determinants of health (SSDoH) and used to justify the exceptional intensity of the health care provided. Subsequently, the ante litteram application of EBM and a clinical evaluation based on Geriatrics 5Ms principles anticipate current multidisciplinary management focused on the patient rather than a single disease. The systematic revision of past clinical cases not examined before could open new windows in the dissemination of the geriatric methodology and discipline.
A QTL GN1.1, encoding FT‐L1, regulates grain number and yield by modulating polar auxin transport in rice
Authors: Zhao Huai‐Yu , Shan Jun‐Xiang , Ye Wang‐Wei , Dong Nai‐Qian , Kan Yi , Yang Yi‐Bing , Yu Hong‐Xiao , Lu Zi‐Qi , Guo Shuang‐Qin , Lei Jie‐Jie , Liao Ben , Lin Hong‐Xuan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTRice grain number is a crucial agronomic trait impacting yield. In this study, we characterized a quantitative trait locus (QTL), GRAIN NUMBER 1.1 (GN1.1), which encodes a Flowering Locus T‐like1 (FT‐L1) protein and acts as a negative regulator of grain number in rice. The elite allele GN1.1B, derived from the Oryza indica variety, BF3‐104, exhibits a 14.6% increase in grain yield compared with the O. japonica variety, Nipponbare, based on plot yield tests. We demonstrated that GN1.1 interacted with and enhanced the stability of ADP‐ribosylation factor (Arf)‐GTPase‐activating protein (Gap), OsZAC. Loss of function of OsZAC results in increased grain number. Based on our data, we propose that GN1.1B facilitates the elevation of auxin content in young rice panicles by affecting polar auxin transport (PAT) through interaction with OsZAC. Our study unveils the pivotal role of the GN1.1 locus in rice panicle development and presents a novel, promising allele for enhancing rice grain yield through genetic improvement.
Habitual rapid eye movement sleep predicts changes in test‐anxiety levels weeks in advance
Authors: Larios Emerson , Lerner Itamar 
Published: July 2024

SummaryPrevious research has linked rapid eye movement sleep to emotional processing, particularly stress. Lab studies indicate that rapid eye movement sleep deprivation and fragmentation heighten emotional reactivity and stress response. This relationship extends to natural settings, where poor‐quality sleep among college students correlates with increased academic stress and lower academic performance. However, there is a lack of research into how specific sleep stages, like rapid eye movement, affect real‐life stress development. This study investigated whether habitual rapid eye movement sleep in college students can predict the future development of real‐life stress symptoms associated with final exams. Fifty‐two participants (mean age = 19 years, 62% females) monitored their sleep for a week during the academic semester using a mobile electroencephalogram device, and then completed self‐evaluations measuring test anxiety and other relevant factors. They completed the same evaluations again just prior to final exams. We found that rapid eye movement sleep was the most dominant factor predicting changes in participants' test anxiety. However, contrasting with our predictions, habitual rapid eye movement sleep was associated with an increase rather than decrease in anxiety. We discuss these results in terms of the rapid eye movement recalibration hypothesis, which suggests rapid eye movement sleep modulates activity in stress‐encoding areas in the brain, leading to both decreased sensitivity and increased selectivity of stress responses.
Data transparency and growth in developing economies during and after the global financial crisis
Authors: Islam Asif Mohammed , Lederman Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study explores the effects of data transparency on economic growth for developing economies over a unique time period ‐ at the onset of the 2007–2009 global financial crisis and thereafter. Data transparency is defined as the timely production of credible statistics as measured by the statistical capacity indicator. The paper finds that data transparency has a positive effect on real gross domestic product per capita during a period of considerable uncertainty. The estimates indicate an elasticity of the magnitude of 0.03 percent per year, which is much larger than the elasticity of trade openness and schooling in the estimation sample. The empirics employ a variety of econometric estimators, including dynamic panel and cross‐sectional instrumental variables estimators, with the latter approach yielding a higher estimated elasticity. The findings are robust to the inclusion of several factors in addition to political institutions and exogenous commodity‐price and external debt‐financing shocks.
Improving self‐regulated learning of speaking skills in foreign languages
Authors: De Vrind Esther , Janssen Fred J. J. M. , Van Driel Jan H. , De Jong Nivja H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn foreign language learning, it is important that learners become autonomous and learn how to self‐regulate their learning to continue language development. This article presents a self‐evaluation procedure designed to promote self‐regulation in speaking skills in a foreign language. This self‐evaluation procedure was tested in a quasi‐experimental study among 329 secondary school students in the Netherlands to investigate to what extent changes occurred in students’ self‐regulation of their speaking skills and to what extent students perceived the self‐evaluation procedure as motivating and adaptive to their needs. The results showed that shifts were found in the focus of students’ diagnoses and improvement plans for their own speaking performances. It was also found that the perceived need for teachers’ assistance decreased. Moreover, students found support to be adaptive and appreciated the activities in the self‐evaluation procedure—especially producing and executing an improvement plan. In conclusion, this study contributes to the development of knowledge about guiding students’ self‐regulation of speaking skills by adding concrete design principles to realize such a learning process.
Factors associated with pityriasis versicolor in a large national database
Authors: Hill Rachel C. , Faria Willian De , Gold Jeremy A. W. , Lipner Shari R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPityriasis versicolor (PV), a cutaneous fungal infection, most commonly affects adolescents and young adults and is associated with hyperhidrosis and humid weather. Understanding other factors associated with PV might help improve diagnostic and treatment practices.ObjectivesPV's associations with patient demographics, comorbidities and medication exposures were assessed using the All of Us Database, a large, diverse, national database from the United States.MethodsA case–control study with multivariable analysis was performed.ResultsWe identified 456 PV case‐patients and 1368 control‐patients. PV case‐patients (vs. control‐patients) were younger (median age [years] (standard deviation): 48.7 (15.4) vs. 61.9 (15.5); OR: 0.95, CI: 0.94–0.96) and more likely to be men versus women (42.8% vs. 33.9%, OR: 1.45, CI: 1.16–1.79) and Black (19.5% vs. 15.8%, OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02–1.80) or Asian (4.6% vs. 2.7%, OR: 1.86, CI: 1.07–3.24) versus White. PV case‐patients more frequently had acne (5.3% vs. ≤1.5%, OR: 5.37, CI: 2.76–10.48) and less frequently had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (14.7% vs. 24.7%, OR: 0.52, CI: 0.39–0.70) and hypothyroidism (OR: 10.3% vs. 16.4%, OR: 0.59, CI: 0.42–0.82). In multivariable analysis, PV odds were significantly higher in those with acne and lower in those with T2DM, older age and female sex.ConclusionsOur results may be used as a basis for future studies evaluating whether acne treatment may decrease PV risk. Physicians could educate patients with acne about PV, including strategies to control modifiable PV risk factors, such as avoidance of hot and humid environments and avoidance of use of topical skin oils.
Successful treatment with rituximab in anti‐phospholipid syndrome nephropathy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report and literature review
Authors: Choi Ji‐Young , Nam Eon Jeong , Han Man‐hoon , Kim Yong‐Jin , Lim Jeong‐Hoon , Jung Hee‐Yeon , Cho Jang‐Hee , Kim Chan‐Duck , Kim Yong‐Lim , Park Sun‐Hee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnti‐phospholipid syndrome (APS) nephropathy is an autoimmune disease that is sometimes accompanied by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we report the use of rituximab to treat a case of APS nephropathy in a SLE patient with recurrent vascular thrombosis. A 52‐year‐old woman, who had been diagnosed with SLE 11 years earlier, was referred to a nephrology clinic for evaluation of azotaemia and proteinuria. She had experienced spontaneous abortion at 35 years of age. The patient had been diagnosed with right popliteal thrombosis at 39 years of age, and with left pulmonary artery thrombosis and SLE at 41 years of age. Before admission, she was undergoing anticoagulant and immunosuppressive therapies, with follow‐up in the rheumatology clinic. At her last outpatient clinic visit before admission, she exhibited mild bilateral lower‐limb pitting oedema, impaired renal function and proteinuria. Renal biopsy revealed arteriolar wall thickening, with thrombi in the capillary lumina and marked inflammatory cell infiltration in the interstitium. The patient was treated with warfarin and high‐dose corticosteroids. Intravenous rituximab (500 mg) was also administered twice at a 4‐week interval. Her renal function did not worsen any further, and her proteinuria decreased. Here we report the successful use of rituximab to treat APS nephropathy in a patient with SLE, who had progressive renal insufficiency.
Genome size is positively correlated with extinction risk in herbaceous angiosperms
Authors: Soto Gomez Marybel , Brown Matilda J. M. , Pironon Samuel , Bureš Petr , Verde Arregoitia Luis D. , Veselý Pavel , Elliott Tammy L. , Zedek František , Pellicer Jaume , Forest Félix , Nic Lughadha Eimear , Leitch Ilia J. 
Published: July 2024

Summary

Angiosperms with large genomes experience nuclear‐, cellular‐, and organism‐level constraints that may limit their phenotypic plasticity and ecological niche, which could increase their risk of extinction. Therefore, we test the hypotheses that large‐genomed species are more likely to be threatened with extinction than those with small genomes, and that the effect of genome size varies across three selected covariates: life form, endemism, and climatic zone.

We collated genome size and extinction risk information for a representative sample of angiosperms comprising 3250 species, which we analyzed alongside life form, endemism, and climatic zone variables using a phylogenetic framework.

Genome size is positively correlated with extinction risk, a pattern driven by a signal in herbaceous but not woody species, regardless of climate and endemism. The influence of genome size is stronger in endemic herbaceous species, but is relatively homogenous across different climates. Beyond its indirect link via endemism and climate, genome size is associated with extinction risk directly and significantly.

Genome size may serve as a proxy for difficult‐to‐measure parameters associated with resilience and vulnerability in herbaceous angiosperms. Therefore, it merits further exploration as a useful biological attribute for understanding intrinsic extinction risk and augmenting plant conservation efforts.
Do exchangeable hydrogens affect the evaluation of partial mycoheterotrophy in orchids? Insights from δ2H analysis in bulk, α‐cellulose, and cellulose nitrate samples
Authors: Yagi Ryuta , Haraguchi Takashi F. , Tayasu Ichiro , Suetsugu Kenji 
Published: July 2024

Summary

To evaluate the nutritional modes of orchids associated with ‘rhizoctonia’ fungi, analyses of hydrogen (δ2H), carbon (δ13C), and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios are usually adopted. However, previous studies have not fully accounted for exchangeable hydrogens, which could affect these evaluations.

Here, we performed standard δ13C, δ15N, and δ2H analyses on bulk samples. Additionally, we conducted δ2H analysis on α‐cellulose and cellulose nitrate samples to investigate whether the heterogeneity of exchangeable hydrogens among plant species influences the assessment of nutritional modes.

The δ2H of orchids were consistently higher than those of surrounding autotrophic plants, irrespective of the three pretreatments. Although the rhizoctonia‐associated orchid exhibited lower δ13C, its δ2H was higher than those of the autotrophs. Notably, among all response variables, δ15N and δ2H exhibited high abilities for discriminating the nutritional modes of rhizoctonia‐associated orchids.

These results indicate that a time‐efficient bulk sample analysis is an effective method for evaluating plant nutritional modes, as the heterogeneity of exchangeable hydrogens does not significantly impact the estimation. Using δ15N and δ2H benefits the assessment of partial mycoheterotrophy among rhizoctonia‐associated orchids.
Integration of attractive and defensive phytochemicals is unlikely to constrain chemical diversification in a perennial herb
Authors: Thosteman Hanna Eriksdotter , Eisen Katherine , Petrén Hampus , Boutsi Sotiria , Pace Loretta , Halley John M. , De Moraes Consuelo M. , Mescher Mark C. , Buckley James , Friberg Magne 
Published: July 2024

Summary

Diversification of plant chemical phenotypes is typically associated with spatially and temporally variable plant–insect interactions. Floral scent is often assumed to be the target of pollinator‐mediated selection, whereas foliar compounds are considered targets of antagonist‐mediated selection. However, floral and vegetative phytochemicals can be biosynthetically linked and may thus evolve as integrated phenotypes.

Utilizing a common garden of 28 populations of the perennial herb Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae), we investigated integration within and among floral scent compounds and foliar defense compounds (both volatile compounds and tissue‐bound glucosinolates).

Within floral scent volatiles, foliar volatile compounds, and glucosinolates, phytochemicals were often positively correlated, and correlations were stronger within these groups than between them. Thus, we found no evidence of integration between compound groups indicating that these are free to evolve independently. Relative to self‐compatible populations, self‐incompatible populations experienced stronger correlations between floral scent compounds, and a trend toward lower integration between floral scent and foliar volatiles.

Our study serves as a rare test of integration of multiple, physiologically related plant traits that each are potential targets of insect‐mediated selection. Our results suggest that independent evolutionary forces are likely to diversify different axes of plant chemistry without major constraints.