bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased limbic and increased fronto‐parietal connectivity in unmedicated patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Göttlich Martin , Krämer Ulrike M. , Kordon Andreas , Hohagen Fritz , Zurowski Bartosz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent intrusive thoughts and ritualized, repetitive behaviors, or mental acts. Convergent experimental evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies supports an orbitofronto‐striato‐thalamo‐cortical dysfunction in OCD. Moreover, an over excitability of the amygdala and over monitoring of thoughts and actions involving the anterior cingulate, frontal and parietal cortex has been proposed as aspects of pathophysiology in OCD. We chose a data driven, graph theoretical approach to investigate brain network organization in 17 unmedicated OCD patients and 19 controls using resting‐state fMRI. OCD patients showed a decreased connectivity of the limbic network to several other brain networks: the basal ganglia network, the default mode network, and the executive/attention network. The connectivity within the limbic network was also found to be decreased in OCD patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, we found a stronger connectivity of brain regions within the executive/attention network in OCD patients. This effect was positively correlated with disease severity. The decreased connectivity of limbic regions (amygdala, hippocampus) may be related to several neurocognitive deficits observed in OCD patients involving implicit learning, emotion processing and expectation, and processing of reward and punishment. Limbic disconnection from fronto‐parietal regions relevant for (re)‐appraisal may explain why intrusive thoughts become and/or remain threatening to patients but not to healthy subjects. Hyperconnectivity within the executive/attention network might be related to OCD symptoms such as excessive monitoring of thoughts and behavior as a dysfunctional strategy to cope with threat and uncertainty. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5617–5632, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N,S,P‐Hybrid Donor–π–Acceptor Organic Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Photovoltaic Performances
Authors: Matano Yoshihiro , Hayashi Yukiko , Nakano Haruyuki , Imahori Hiroshi 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTNew donor–π–acceptor organic (D–π–A) dyes composed of triarylamine, oligothiophene, and phosphole subunits were prepared, and their optical and photovoltaic properties were investigated. The regioselective α‐lithiation of the thiophene ring of 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)phospholes bearing an ester group, followed by treatment with tributyltin chloride afforded 2‐(5‐(tributylstannyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)phosphole derivatives, which underwent Stille coupling with 5′‐(p‐(diarylamino)phenyl)‐5‐bromo‐2,2′‐bithiophene to give triarylamine–terthiophene–phosphole hybrid π systems bearing the terminal ester group. The alkaline hydrolysis of the ester group yielded the target dyes, bearing the carboxylic acid anchoring group. The UV–vis absorption spectra of the new N,S,P‐hybrid dyes displayed broad and intense π–π* transitions with two absorption maxima in the visible region. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of two dye models revealed that each highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) resides on the triarylamine–oligothiophene π network, whereas each lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is basically located on the phosphole subunit. In addition, the time‐dependent DFT calculations of the models showed that the lowest energy bands of these hybrid dyes are mainly consisted of the HOMO‐to‐LUMO+1 and HOMO‐to‐LUMO transitions with the large intramolecular charge‐transfer character. The N,S,P‐hybrid‐dye‐sensitized TiO2 cells exhibited moderate power conversion efficiencies of up to 5.6%. The present findings corroborate the potential utility of the phosphole skeletons as the acceptor components in the D–π–A sensitizers.
Epunctanone, a New Benzophenone, and Further Secondary Metabolites from Garcinia epunctataStapf (Guttiferae)
Authors: Fotso Ghislain W. , Ntumy Aku N. , Ngachussi Eliette , Dube Mthandazo , Mapitse Renameditswe , Kapche Gilbert D. W. F. , Andrae‐Marobela Kerstin , Ngadjui Bonaventure T. , Abegaz Berhanu M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA new polyprenylated benzophenone, named epunctanone (1), was isolated from the stem bark of Garcinia epunctata Stapf, together with eight known compounds, 7‐epiisogarcinol (2), 2,6‐dimethoxy‐p‐benzoquinone (3), friedelin (4), lupeol (5), 16β‐hydroxylupeol (6), betulin (7), stigmasterol (8), and rheediaxanthone A (9). The structure of epunctanone (1) was established by detailed analysis of its spectroscopic data, especially 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and HR‐MS data. All these compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and anti‐protozoan activities. They were also assayed to determine if any of the compounds were nonpeptide agonist ligands for nematodal G‐protein‐coupled receptors, which would be an indication of potential antinematodal activity. Among the isolated compounds, 7‐epiisogarcinol (2) was the most active against Candida albicans.
Anthraquinone Derivatives and an Orsellinic Acid Ester from the Marine Alga‐Derived Endophytic Fungus Eurotium cristatum EN‐220
Authors: Du Feng‐Yu , Li Xiao‐Ming , Song Ji‐Ying , Li Chun‐Shun , Wang Bin‐Gui 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCultivation of the fungal strain Eurotium cristatum EN‐220, an endophyte obtained from the marine alga Sargassum thunbergii, resulted in the isolation of one new anthraquinone glycoside, 3‐O‐(α‐D‐ribofuranosyl)questinol (1) and one new orsellinic acid ester, cristatumside A (2), together with three known aromatic glycosides, 3‐O‐(α‐D‐ribofuranosyl)questin (3), isotorachrysone 6‐O‐α‐D‐ribofuranoside (4), and asperflavin ribofuranoside (5), as well as three anthraquinone derivatives, asperflavin (6), eurorubrin (7), and (+)‐variecolorquinone A (8). The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data, as well as by their comparison with those in the literature. Each of the isolated compounds was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality.
The relative role of soil type and tree cover on water storage and transmission in northern headwater catchments
Authors: Geris Josie , Tetzlaff Doerthe , McDonnell Jeffrey , Soulsby Chris 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSoil water storage and stable isotopes dynamics were investigated in dominant soil–vegetation assemblages of a wet northern headwater catchment (3.2 km2) with limited seasonality in precipitation. We determined the relative influence of soil and vegetation cover on storage and transmission processes. Forested and non‐forested sites were compared, on poorly drained histosols in riparian zones and freely draining podzols on steeper hillslopes. Results showed that soil properties exert a much stronger influence than vegetation on water storage dynamics and fluxes, both at the plot and catchment scale. This is mainly linked to the overall energy‐limited climate, restricting evaporation, in conjunction with high soil water storage capacities. Threshold behaviour in runoff responses at the catchment scale was associated with differences in soil water storage and transmission dynamics of different hydropedological units. Linear input–output relationships occurred when runoff was generated predominantly from the permanently wet riparian histosols, which show only small dynamic storage changes. In contrast, nonlinear runoff generation was related to transient periods of high soil wetness on the hillslopes. During drier conditions, more marked differences in soil water dynamics related to vegetation properties emerged, in terms of evaporation and impacts on temporarily increasing dynamic storage potential. Overall, our results suggest that soil type and their influence on runoff generation are dominant over vegetation effects in wet, northern headwater catchments with low seasonality in precipitation. Potential increase of subsurface storage by tree cover (e.g. for flood management) will therefore be spatially distributed throughout the landscape and limited to rare and extreme dry conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radar rainfall uncertainty modelling influenced by wind
Authors: Dai Qiang , Han Dawei , Rico‐Ramirez Miguel A. , Zhuo Lu , Nanding Nergui , Islam Tanvir 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRadar‐based estimates of rainfall are affected by many sources of uncertainties, which would propagate through the hydrological model when radar rainfall estimates are used as input or initial conditions. An elegant solution to quantify these uncertainties is to model the empirical relationship between radar measurements and rain gauge observations (as the ‘ground reference’). However, most current studies only use a fixed and uniform model to represent the uncertainty of radar rainfall, without consideration of its variation under different synoptic regimes. Wind is such a typical weather factor, as it not only induces error in rain gauge measurements but also causes the raindrops observed by weather radar to drift when they reach the ground. For this reason, as a first attempt, this study introduces the wind field into the uncertainty model and designs the radar rainfall uncertainty model under different wind conditions. We separate the original dataset into three subsamples according to wind speed, which are named as WDI (0–2 m/s), WDII (2–4 m/s) and WDIII (>4 m/s). The multivariate distributed ensemble generator is introduced and established for each subsample. Thirty typical events (10 at each wind range) are selected to explore the behaviours of uncertainty under different wind ranges. In each time step, 500 ensemble members are generated, and the values of 5th to 95th percentile values are used to produce the uncertainty bands. Two basic features of uncertainty bands, namely dispersion and ensemble bias, increase significantly with the growth of wind speed, demonstrating that wind speed plays a considerable role in influencing the behaviour of the uncertainty band. On the basis of these pieces of evidence, we conclude that the radar rainfall uncertainty model established under different wind conditions should be more realistic in representing the radar rainfall uncertainty. This study is only a start in incorporating synoptic regimes into rainfall uncertainty analysis, and a great deal of more effort is still needed to build a realistic and comprehensive uncertainty model for radar rainfall data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Penicillin‐binding protein 2a of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Fishovitz Jennifer , Hermoso Juan A. , Chang Mayland , Mobashery Shahriar 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHigh‐level resistance to β‐lactam antibiotics in methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is due to expression of penicillin‐binding protein 2a (PBP2a), a transpeptidase that catalyzes cell‐wall crosslinking in the face of the challenge by β‐lactam antibiotics. The activity of this protein is regulated by allostery at a site 60 Å distant from the active site, where crosslinking of cell wall takes place. This review discusses the state of knowledge on this important enzyme of cell‐wall biosynthesis in MRSA. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(8):572–577, 2014
The Developmental Basis of Epigenetic Regulation of HTR2A and Psychiatric Outcomes
Authors: Paquette Alison G. , Marsit Carmen J. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe serotonin receptor 5‐HT2A (encoded by HTR2A) is an important regulator of fetal brain development and adult cognitive function. Environmental signals that induce epigenetic changes of serotonin response genes, including HTR2A, have been implicated in adverse mental health outcomes. The objective of this perspective article is to address the medical implications of HTR2A epigenetic regulation, which has been associated with both infant neurobehavioral outcomes and adult mental health. Ongoing research has identified a region of the HTR2A promoter that has been associated with a number of medical outcomes in adults and infants, including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, chronic fatigue syndrome, borderline personality disorder, suicidality, and neurobehavioral outcomes. Epigenetic regulation of HTR2A has been studied in several different types of tissues, including the placenta. The placenta is an important source of serotonin during fetal neurodevelopment, and placental epigenetic variation of HTR2A has been associated with infant neurobehavioral outcomes, which may represent the basis of adult mental health disorders. Further analysis is needed to identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors that modulate HTR2A methylation, and the mechanism by which this epigenetic variation influences fetal growth and leads to altered brain development, manifesting in psychiatric disorders. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 2065–2072, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unexpected Transcellular Protein Crossover Occurs During Canonical DNA Transfection
Authors: Arsenault Jason , Cuijpers Sabine A.G. , Niranjan Dhevahi , Davletov Bazbek 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTTransfection of DNA has been invaluable for biological sciences, yet the effects upon membrane homeostasis are far from negligible. Here, we demonstrate that Neuro2A cells transfected using Lipofectamine LTX with the fluorescently coupled Botulinum serotype A holoenzyme (EGFP‐LcA) cDNA express this SNAP25 protease that can, once translated, escape the transfected host cytosol and become endocytosed into untransfected cells, without its innate binding and translocation domains. Fluorescent readouts revealed moderate transfection rates (30–50%) while immunoblotting revealed a surprisingly total enzymatic cleavage of SNAP25; the transgenic protein acted beyond the confines of its host cell. Using intracellular dyes, no important cytotoxic effects were observed from reagent treatment alone, which excluded the possibility of membrane ruptures, though noticeably, intracellular acidic organelles were redistributed towards the plasma membrane. This drastic, yet frequently unobserved, change in protein permeability and endosomal trafficking following reagent treatment highlights important concerns for all studies using transient transfection. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 2047–2054, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Use of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training as Stand‐Alone Treatment: A Systematic Review of the Treatment Outcome Literature
Authors: Valentine Sarah E. , Bankoff Sarah M. , Poulin Renée M. , Reidler Esther B. , Pantalone David W. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveDialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills training is currently being administered as stand‐alone treatment across a variety of clinical settings, serving diverse client populations. However, there is little empirical support for this use.MethodIn this systematic review, we identified 17 trials employing a treatment that included DBT skills training in the absence of the other DBT modalities.ResultsWhile the literature reviewed provides preliminary evidence of the utility of DBT skills training to address a range of mental health and behavioral problems, methodological limitations of published studies preclude us from drawing strong conclusions about the efficacy of skills training as a stand‐alone treatment.ConclusionWe present an overview of the implementation of DBT skills training across clinical settings and populations. We found preliminary evidence supporting the use of DBT skills training as a method of addressing a range of behaviors. We provide recommendations for future research.
Derivation of Phase 3 dosing for peginterferon lambda‐1a in chronic hepatitis C, Part 1: Modeling optimal treatment duration and sustained virologic response rates
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Hruska Matthew , Chan Phyllis , Ahmad Alaa , Freeman Jeremy , Horga Maria Arantxa , Hillson Jan , Kansra Vikram , Lopez‐Talavera Juan‐Carlos 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPeginterferon lambda‐1a (Lambda) is under clinical development for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C virus (HBV, HCV, respectively) infection. This is the first of two manuscripts detailing the pharmacodynamic derivation of Lambda dosing and treatment durations for Phase 3 studies in HCV, based on Phase 2 data. We describe here the derivation of a population model of Lambda exposure; the adaptation of a previously published viral dynamic model for Lambda treatment and host genotype, and its use to simulate sustained virologic responses (SVR). Lambda population pharmacokinetics was described by a one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption, and 33.0 L per day clearance with 47% interindividual (36% intra‐individual) variability. Weight explained a negligible proportion of the variability. Based on SVR predictions, optimum treatment durations were 48 weeks for HCV genotypes 1 or 4 (SVR estimates for 120, 180, and 240 μg Lambda: 58%, 54%, 47%, respectively) and 24 weeks for genotypes 2 or 3 (75%, 72%, 67%). SVR predictions for 240 μg were lower due to dropout predictions. The SVR model established the optimum treatment duration for Phase 3 studies but did not differentiate between 120 and 180 μg dosing. A companion manuscript describes dose selection based on exposure–response/safety modeling.
Evidence for ca. 7‐ka maximum Holocene transgression on the Peninsular Malaysia east coast
Authors: PARHAM PETER R. , SAITO YOSHIKI , SAPON NORAISYAH , SURIADI ROKIAH , MOHTAR NOOR AZARIYAH 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn situ fossil coral and shelly marine deposits occur up to 50 cm above mean sea level in north‐east Peninsular Malaysia. The fossil reef comprises over 15 coral species and associated molluscs. Radiocarbon ages of corals range from 7238 to 6909 cal a BP. The reef occurs adjacent to bedrock hills that formed a mainland peninsula when the coral was living. Abundant well‐preserved fossil molluscs with bivalves commonly articulated occur in ditch tailings from coastal plains flanking these hills. Landward, a sand ridge represents part of the maximum transgression shoreline. When alive, the fossil coral reef required clear water and full marine conditions seaward of the peninsula. The maximum transgression here occurred ca. 7 ka with stable environmental conditions persisting long enough for diverse coral reef development. Assuming a similar tidal range to today, relative sea level ca. 7 ka would have been between 1.4 and 3 m above present. Between then and ca. 6 ka, abundant sediment supply resulted in barrier‐beach construction seaward of the coral reef, converting the area to a lagoonal environment unsuitable for coral and burial by muddy deposits. Assuming that regional relative sea‐level data indicate maximum Holocene highstand up to +5 m between 6 and 4 ka are correct, then the maximum transgression preceded maximum sea level by at least 1000 years.
Climate over mainland Southeast Asia 10.5–5 ka
Authors: CHABANGBORN AKKANEEWUT , WOHLFARTH BARBARA 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe assembled and evaluated Holocene palaeo‐vegetation records regarding semi‐quantitative precipitation and temperature for mainland Southeast Asia and compared these with precipitation reconstructions for the Indian Ocean (IOM) and East Asian (EAM) monsoon sub‐systems. Our results indicate that temperatures and precipitation in mainland Southeast Asia generally exceeded 18 °C and 1100 mm a−1 during the Holocene. Mainland Southeast Asia experienced cool/wet climatic conditions between 10.5 and 10 ka BP, a warmer/drier climate between 10 and 9 ka BP, cooler/wetter conditions between 9 and 7 ka BP, and moderately warmer/drier conditions since 7 ka BP. The reconstructed summer monsoon intensity compares well with the reconstructed hydroclimate for the EAM region, but diverges from that of the IOM region between 10.5 and 9 ka BP and 7–6.5 ka BP. This discrepancy is explained by differences in land–sea configuration, and regional sea‐level history. A strengthening/weakening of the Asian summer monsoon between 9 and 7 ka BP and after 6.5 ka BP, respectively, is observed across the whole Asian monsoon region. Our new data sets support an asynchronous onset of the Asian summer monsoon optimum.
Expression of EpCAM and prognosis in early‐stage glottic cancer treated by radiotherapy
Authors: Murakami Naoya , Mori Taisuke , Yoshimoto Seiichi , Ito Yoshinori , Kobayashi Kazuma , Ken Harada , Kitaguchi Mayuka , Sekii Shuhei , Takahashi Kana , Yoshio Kotaro , Inaba Koji , Morota Madoka , Sumi Minako , Itami Jun 
Published: July 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTreatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) often requires radiotherapy, but relapse can occur. There is, therefore, an urgent need for the identification of a predictive novel biomarker for radiosensitivity. The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has been shown to promote the transformation of malignant tumors, and EpCAM may have prognostic significance, but it is not known if EpCAM determines prognosis, especially with respect to radiotherapy. Therefore, we determined the incidence of the expression of EpCAM in HNSCC and analyzed the prognostic value in patients with early‐stage glottic cancer treated with radiotherapy.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsAll patients with HNSCCs examined in our hospital between January 2012 and February 2013 were analyzed prospectively for the expression of EpCAM. T1–2N0 glottic cancer patients who were primarily treated by radiation therapy between 1995 and 2008 were retrospectively investigated. Patients with or without local recurrence after radical radiation therapy were extracted. The relationship between local recurrence and histopathologic EpCAM expression was compared within these two groups.ResultsOne hundred eighteen patients with HNSCCs from the nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, oral cavity, paranasal cavity, unknown primary, and other sites were analyzed. Positive expression of EpCAM was noted in the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx (72%, 90%, and 58%, respectively). Seventeen and 22 patients with or without local recurrence were extracted, respectively. There was no difference between two groups, with the exception of EpCAM expression.ConclusionsThe expression of EpCAM in HNSCC was investigated. Patients with strong EpCAM expression were associated with local recurrence after primary radiation therapy.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 124:E431–E436, 2014
Deuterium‐labeled phylloquinone fed to α‐tocopherol‐injected rats demonstrates sensitivity of low phylloquinone‐containing tissues to menaquinone‐4 depletion
Authors: Farley Sherry M. , Leonard Scott W. , Stevens Jan F. , Traber Maret G. 
Published: July 2014

ScopeThe influence of excess α‐tocopherol (α‐T) on tissue depletion of phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinone‐4 (MK‐4) was evaluated.Methods and resultsRats (n = 5 per group) were fed deuterium‐labeled PK (2 μmol/kg diet) for 17 days, thereby labeling the conversion from deuterium‐labeled PK to d4‐MK‐4. Then they were injected subcutaneously daily for the last 7 days with saline, vehicle, or α‐T (100 mg/kg body weight). α‐T injections (i) increased α‐T concentrations by tenfold in liver, doubled them in plasma and most tissues, but they were unchanged in brain; (ii) increased the α‐T metabolite, carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (α‐CEHC) concentrations: >25‐fold in liver and kidney, tenfold in plasma and lung, and 50‐fold in heart; brain contained detectable α‐CEHC (0.26 ± 0.03 nmol/g) only in α‐T‐injected animals; and (iii) depleted most tissues’ vitamin K. Compared with vehicle‐injected rats, brains from α‐T rats contained half the total vitamin K (10.3 ± 0.5 versus 21 ± 2 pmol/g, p = 0.0002) and one‐third the d4‐MK‐4 (5.8 ± 0.5 versus 14.6 ± 1.7 pmol/g, p = 0.0002). Tissues with high PK concentrations (liver, 21–30 pmol/g and heart, 28–50 pmol/g) were resistant to K depletion.ConclusionWe propose that α‐T‐dependent vitamin K depletion is likely mediated at an intermediate step in MK‐4 production; thus, tissues with high PK are unaffected.