bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): INTRODUCTION AND PEDIATRIC DATA
Authors: Weintraub Sandra , Bauer Patricia J. , Zelazo Philip David , Wallner‐Allen Kathleen , Dikmen Sureyya S. , Heaton Robert K. , Tulsky David S. , Slotkin Jerry , Blitz David L. , Carlozzi Noelle E. , Havlik Richard J. , Beaumont Jennifer L. , Mungas Dan , Manly Jennifer J. , Borosh Beth G. , Nowinski Cindy J. , Gershon Richard C. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis monograph presents the pediatric portion of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB) of the NIH Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function. The NIH Toolbox is an initiative of the Neuroscience Blueprint, a collaborative framework through which 16 NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices jointly support neuroscience‐related research, to accelerate discoveries and reduce the burden of nervous system disorders. The CB is one of four modules that measure cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor health across the lifespan. The CB is unique in its continuity across childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, and old age, and in order to help create a common currency among disparate studies, it is also available at low cost to researchers for use in large‐scale longitudinal and epidemiologic studies. This chapter describes the evolution of the CB; methods for selecting cognitive subdomains and instruments; the rationale for test design; and a validation study in children and adolescents, ages 3–15 years. Subsequent chapters feature detailed discussions of each test measure and its psychometric properties (Chapters 2–6), the factor structure of the test battery (Chapter 7), the effects of age and education on composite test scores (Chapter 8), and a final summary and discussion (Chapter 9). As the chapters in this monograph demonstrate, the CB has excellent psychometric properties, and the validation study provided evidence for the increasing differentiation of cognitive abilities with age.
II. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): MEASURING EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AND ATTENTION
Authors: Zelazo Philip David , Anderson Jacob E. , Richler Jennifer , Wallner‐Allen Kathleen , Beaumont Jennifer L. , Weintraub Sandra 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIn this chapter, we discuss two measures designed to assess executive function (EF) as part of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB) and report pediatric data from the validation study. EF refers to the goal‐directed cognitive control of thought, action, and emotion. Two measures were adapted for standardized computer administration: the Dimensional Change Card Sort (a measure of cognitive flexibility) and a flanker task (a measure of inhibitory control in the context of selective visual attention). Results reveal excellent developmental sensitivity across childhood, excellent reliability, and (in most cases) excellent convergent validity. Correlations between the new NIH Toolbox measures and age were higher for younger children (3–6 years) than for older children (8–15 years), and evidence of increasing differentiation of EF from other aspects of cognition (indexed by receptive vocabulary) was obtained.
Is butyrate the link between diet, intestinal microbiota and obesity‐related metabolic diseases?
Authors: Brahe L. K. , Astrup A. , Larsen L. H. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIt is increasingly recognized that there is a connection between diet, intestinal microbiota, intestinal barrier function and the low‐grade inflammation that characterizes the progression from obesity to metabolic disturbances, making dietary strategies to modulate the intestinal environment relevant. In this context, the ability of some Gram‐positive anaerobic bacteria to produce the short‐chain fatty acid butyrate is interesting. A lower abundance of butyrate‐producing bacteria has been associated with metabolic risk in humans, and recent studies suggest that butyrate might have an anti‐inflammatory potential that can alleviate obesity‐related metabolic complications, possibly due to its ability to enhance the intestinal barrier function.Here, we review and discuss the potential of butyrate as an anti‐inflammatory mediator in metabolic diseases, and the potential for dietary interventions increasing the intestinal availability of butyrate.
Human periodontal ligament cell sheets cultured on amniotic membrane substrate
Authors: Adachi K , Amemiya T , Nakamura T , Honjyo K , Kumamoto S , Yamamoto T , Bentley AJ , Fullwood NJ , Kinoshita S , Kanamura N 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivePeriodontal ligament (PDL) cells and their substrates play key roles in periodontal regeneration. However, there has been no report on the use of amniotic membrane (AM) as a substrate for culturing PDL cells. In the current study, we conducted an analysis of PDL cells cultivated on AM to determine the distribution of factors responsible for maintaining the characteristics of PDL.Materials and MethodsAmniotic membrane was obtained from women undergoing cesarean sections, whereas PDL tissue was obtained from human maxillary third molars. The harvested PDL cells were maintained in explant culture for three or four passages, following which they were cultured on AM.ResultsAfter 3 weeks of culture, the PDL cells had grown well on AM. Immunofluorescence showed that these cells were capable of proliferating and potentially maintaining their PDL‐like properties. In addition, strong cell–cell adhesion structures, namely desmosomes and tight junctions, were shown to be present between cells. Electron microscopy images showed that the cultured PDL cells had differentiated and proliferated on AM with lateral conjugation and adhesion to AM.ConclusionWe conclude that AM may represent a suitable substrate for culturing PDL cells and that PDL cells cultured on AM show sheet formation.
Safe Single‐Dose Administration of Propofol in Patients with Established Brugada Syndrome: A Retrospective Database Analysis
Authors: FLAMÉE PANAGIOTIS , DE ASMUNDIS CARLO , BHUTIA JIGME T. , CONTE GIULIO , BECKERS STEFAN , UMBRAIN VINCENT , VERBORGH CHRISTIAN , CHIERCHIA GIAN‐BATTISTA , VAN MALDEREN SOPHIE , CASADO‐ARROYO RUBÉN , SARKOZY ANDREA , BRUGADA PEDRO , POELAERT JAN 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundPropofol is an anesthetic drug with a very attractive pharmacokinetic profile, which makes it the induction agent of choice, especially in day‐case surgery. Data on its potential proarrhythmic effects in patients with Brugada syndrome (BS) patients are still lacking. The aim of our study was to investigate whether a single dose of propofol triggered any adverse events in consecutive high‐risk patients with BS.MethodsAll consecutive patients with BS having undergone an implantable cardiac defibrillator implantation under general anesthesia were eligible for this study. The anesthetic chart of each patient was reviewed, and the occurrence of malignant arrhythmic events as well as the need for defibrillation during induction and maintenance of anesthesia was investigated. Further monitoring of the patient comprised five‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse oxymetry, and continuous carbon dioxide monitoring through side sampling from the ventilator tubes. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and sufentanyl. Injection of propofol occurred in a single‐shot bolus—as often performed by most anesthetists—over a few seconds. Anesthesia was maintained with volatile anesthetics (sevoflurane or desflurane) in an oxygen‐air mixture.ResultsFrom 1996 to 2011, 57 high‐risk patients with BS (35 males; mean age: 43 ± 16 years) underwent an automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation at our center using propofol as induction drug of general anesthesia. Three patients had a history of spontaneous type I ECG, three had aborted sudden death, and 51 had a history of recurrent or unexplained syncope. The induction dose ranged between 0.8 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg (2.2 ± 0.7 mg/kg). Only one case received propofol to maintain anesthesia. The surgical procedure involved an anesthetic period of 75 ± 25 minutes. No patient developed a malignant rhythm during induction and maintenance of anesthesia. All patients were then safely discharged from the postanesthetic care unit after 1 hour. No adverse events were noticed during the recovery phase. In our study, administration of a single‐dose propofol in patients with BS was safe. Nevertheless, extreme caution is still recommended when conducting general anesthesia in patients with BS, especially if BS patients are sedated with propofol for longer periods.
Washout times of desflurane, sevoflurane and isoflurane from the GE healthcare Aisys® and Avance® Carestation® and Aestiva® Anesthesia System
Authors: Kim Tae W. , Tham Robert Q. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBackground/AimMalignant hyperthermia susceptible patients may experience a fatal reaction to volatile anesthetic gases. This study sought to determine the washout characteristics of desflurane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane from the Aisys®, Avance®, and Aestiva® anesthesia machines. (GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, USA).MethodsAll machines were inspected by a GE Healthcare engineer prior to testing. The machines were primed with desflurane 7 vol%, sevoflurane 2.5 vol%, and isoflurane 1.2 vol% on three separate occasions for 2 h each with each gas. The Aisys® and Avance® were tested with and without an Advanced Breathing System (ABS™, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, USA). The Aestiva® was tested without modification to its breathing system. Additionally, the Aisys was evaluated with desflurane 1.2 vol% and the Avance with a preflushed fresh gas line was tested with an autoclaved ABS. After priming, disposable components of the patient breathing system were replaced. The fresh gas flow was increased to 15 lpm. Gas measurements were recorded until the concentration was 4 parts per million (p.p.m).ResultsThe fastest median washout time was achieved by the Avance in 3 min or less without an ABS or with an autoclaved ABS. The longest median time was 35 min for the Aestiva®. Clearance of desflurane was the most time consuming for all machines.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that saturated vapor pressure and priming concentration exert a greater effect on washout times than gas solubility. The Aisys utilizes an electronic vaporizer system that may expose the breathing system to retained saturated vapor. The breathing systems for all machines may hinder washout of gases.
The overexpression of a maize mitogen‐activated protein kinase gene (ZmMPK5) confers salt stress tolerance and induces defence responses in tobacco
Authors: Zhang D. , Jiang S. , Pan J. , Kong X. , Zhou Y. , Liu Y. , Li D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAs sessile organisms, plants are exposed to potential dangers, including multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a universal signalling pathways involved in these processes. A previous study showed that maize ZmMPK5 is induced by various stimuli at transcriptional and post‐translational levels. In this study, ZmMPK5 was overexpressed in tobacco to further analyse its biological functions. Under salt and oxidative stresses, ZmMPK5‐overexpressing lines displayed less severe damage and stronger growth phenotypes corresponding to a series of physiological changes. In addition, the transgenic lines accumulated less reactive oxygen species (ROS) and had higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activity and metabolites than wild‐type (WT) plants following NaCl treatment. Quantitative RT‐PCR revealed that the expression of ROS‐related and stress‐responsive genes was higher in transgenic plants than in WT plants. Furthermore, transgenic lines exhibited enhanced resistance to viral pathogens, and expressed constitutively higher transcript levels of pathogenesis‐related genes, such as PR1a, PR4, PR5 and EREBP. Taken together, these results demonstrated that ZmMPK5 is involved in salt stress, oxidative stress and pathogen defence signalling pathways, and its function may be at least partly devoted to efficiently eliminating ROS accumulation under salt stress.
On the Evaluation of the Elastic Modulus of Soft Materials Using Beams with Unknown Initial Curvature
Authors: Khatam H. , Ravi‐Chandar K. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA non‐linear optimization procedure is established to determine the elastic modulus of slender, soft materials using beams with unknown initial curvature in the presence of large rotations. Specifically, the deflection of clamped‐free beams under self‐weight – measured at different orientations with respect to gravity – is used to determine the modulus of elasticity and the intrinsic curvature in the unloaded state. The approach is validated with experiments on a number of different materials – steel, polyetherimide, rubber and pig skin. Because the loading is limited to self‐weight, the strain levels attained in these tests are small enough to assume a linear elastic material behaviour. This non‐destructive methodology is also applicable to engineered tissues and extremely delicate materials in order to obtain a quick estimate of the material's elastic modulus.
Stiffness Improvement of 45S5 Bioglass®‐Based Scaffolds Through Natural and Synthetic Biopolymer Coatings: An Ultrasonic Study
Authors: Hum J. , Luczynski K. W. , Nooeaid P. , Newby P. , Lahayne O. , Hellmich C. , Boccaccini A. R. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDue to its excellent bioactivity, 45S5 Bioglass® is being highly considered in tissue engineering scaffold development. In order to enhance vascularization promoting tissue growth, these scaffolds typically have a highly interconnected porous structure with a porosity between 80 and >90%. Often, Bioglass®‐based scaffolds of such a high porosity have insufficient stiffness. In order to increase the stiffness of Bioglass®‐based scaffolds fabricated by the foam replica method, the herein investigated scaffolds were coated with a number of different biopolymers, including: collagen, gelatin, polycaprolactone (PCL), alginate and poly(l‐lactic acid). The resulting stiffness gain was quantified by means of ultrasonic measurements. Accordingly, PCL and collagen coatings increased the scaffold stiffness, as compared to uncoated scaffolds, by 58 and 38%, respectively; while no remarkable stiffness increase was recorded for the other coatings. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy images of polymer coated scaffolds revealed that PCL coatings had not clogged the scaffold's micropores, which is deemed essential for cell seeding and to enable in‐growth of bone tissue. Thus, the application of PCL coatings represents a promising strategy for mechanical competence enhancement of Bioglass®‐based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Disseminated microsporidiosis in a renal transplant recipient: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Nagpal A. , Pritt B.S. , Lorenz E.C. , Amer H. , Nasr S.H. , Cornell L.D. , Iqbal S. , Wilhelm M.P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMicrosporidia are opportunistic pathogens that usually cause a limited disease in the gastrointestinal tract. Occasionally, they can cause disseminated disease. In solid organ transplant recipients, disseminated disease has been reported only rarely. We describe a 68‐year‐old woman who presented with fever, cough, and acute kidney injury 6 months after kidney transplantation. Dissemination was confirmed by identification of microsporidial spores in urine and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Polymerase chain reaction analysis identified the species as Encephalitozoon cuniculi.
Interaction between avoidance of photon absorption, excess energy dissipation and zeaxanthin synthesis against photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cazzaniga Stefano , Dall' Osto Luca , Kong Sam‐Geun , Wada Masamitsu , Bassi Roberto 
Published: August 2013

SummaryPlants evolved photoprotective mechanisms in order to counteract the damaging effects of excess light in oxygenic environments. Among them, chloroplast avoidance and non‐photochemical quenching concur in reducing the concentration of chlorophyll excited states in the photosynthetic apparatus to avoid photooxidation. We evaluated their relative importance in regulating excitation pressure on photosystem II. To this aim, genotypes were constructed carrying mutations impairing the chloroplast avoidance response (phot2) as well as mutations affecting the biosynthesis of the photoprotective xanthophyll zeaxanthin (npq1) or the activation of non‐photochemical quenching (npq4), followed by evaluation of their photosensitivity in vivo. Suppression of avoidance response resulted in oxidative stress under excess light at low temperature, while removing either zeaxanthin or PsbS had a milder effect. The double mutants phot2 npq1 and phot2 npq4 showed the highest sensitivity to photooxidative stress, indicating that xanthophyll cycle and qE have additive effects over the avoidance response. The interactions between non‐photochemical quenching and avoidance responses were studied by analyzing the kinetics of fluorescence decay and recovery at different light intensities. phot2 fluorescence decay lacked a component, here named as qM. This kinetic component linearly correlated with the leaf transmittance changes due to chloroplast relocation induced by white light and was absent when red light was used as actinic source. On these basis we conclude that a decrease in leaf optical density affects the apparent non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) rise kinetic. Thus, excess light‐induced fluorescence decrease is in part due to avoidance of photon absorption rather than to a genuine quenching process.
Accurate semiautomatic assessment of ligament length variations from MRI data
Authors: Honal Matthias , Lovell‐Smith Cris , Vicari Marco , Weitzel Elisabeth , Izadpanah Kaywan , Weigel Matthias 
Published: August 2013

Purpose:A semiautomatic method for the assessment of ligament length variations during different joint positions based on MRI data is proposed.Methods:Ligament lengths are represented as distances between points marking characteristic locations in the ligament insertion regions on the bones. These points are defined manually for one single reference joint position and for all other joint positions they are automatically mapped with high accuracy to the correct locations using image registration methods. The methodology is validated using data from 16 volunteers depicting the coracoclavicular ligaments in the left shoulder during different arm abductions.Results:The method yielded a superior reproducibility of the point locations over different joint positions compared to manual point marking. Significant ligament length variations were found for different abductions which was not possible with manual measurements. Acquisition related geometric distortions and inaccuracies during the registration and segmentation process were small.Conclusions:The proposed method provides superior accuracy for thein vivo analysis of ligament dynamics compared to manual measurements. This permits a better understanding of the ligament behavior during joint motion and offers new possibilities for presurgical planning which to date has not been possible with manual data analysis.
Complete Genome Sequences of Newcastle Disease Virus Strains Isolated from Three Different Poultry Species in China
Authors: Wang Xuan , Gong Zheng , Zhao Lei , Wang Jian , Sun Gege , Liu Yali , Tao Peipei , Zhang Huaikang , Li Shangde , Jiang Fei , Hu Yuanqing , Zhang Xunhai 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
In 2000, three Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains were isolated from outbreaks of infection in layers, ducklings, and geese in the same region of China during the same time period. Here, we report their complete genome sequences, which belong to the NDV genotype VIId. This discovery might provide clues as to the evolution of the NDVs of different avian origins.
Complete Genome Sequence of Serratia liquefaciens Strain ATCC 27592
Authors: Nicholson Wayne L. , Leonard Michael T. , Fajardo-Cavazos Patricia , Panayotova Nedka , Farmerie William G. , Triplett Eric W. , Schuerger Andrew C. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of
Serratia liquefaciens
strain ATCC 27592, which was previously identified as capable of growth under low-pressure conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first announcement of the complete genome sequence of an
S. liquefaciens
strain.
Complete Genome Sequence of
emm
Type 14 Streptococcus pyogenes Strain HSC5
Authors: Port Gary C. , Paluscio Elyse , Caparon Michael G. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pyogenes
causes a greater diversity of human disease than any other bacterial pathogen. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of the
emm
type 14
S. pyogenes
strain HSC5. This strain is a robust producer of the cysteine protease SpeB and is capable of producing infection in several different animal models.
Draft Genome Sequences for Three Mercury-Methylating, Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria
Authors: Brown Steven D. , Hurt Richard A. , Gilmour Cynthia C. , Elias Dwayne A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

The genetic basis for bacterial mercury methylation has been described recently. For insights into the physiology of mercury-methylating bacteria, we present genome sequences for
Desulfococcus multivorans
strain DSM 2059,
Desulfovibrio alkalitolerans
strain DSM 16529, and
Desulfovibrio
species strain X2.
BRD4 Sustains Melanoma Proliferation and Represents a New Target for Epigenetic Therapy
Authors: Segura Miguel F. , Fontanals-Cirera Bárbara , Gaziel-Sovran Avital , Guijarro María V. , Hanniford Doug , Zhang Guangtao , González-Gomez Pilar , Morante Marta , Jubierre Luz , Zhang Weijia , Darvishian Farbod , Ohlmeyer Michael , Osman Iman , Zhou Ming-Ming , Hernando Eva 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Metastatic melanoma remains a mostly incurable disease. Although newly approved targeted therapies are efficacious in a subset of patients, resistance and relapse rapidly ensue. Alternative therapeutic strategies to manipulate epigenetic regulators and disrupt the transcriptional program that maintains tumor cell identity are emerging. Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are epigenome readers known to exert key roles at the interface between chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. Here, we report that BRD4, a BET family member, is significantly upregulated in primary and metastatic melanoma tissues compared with melanocytes and nevi. Treatment with BET inhibitors impaired melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth and metastatic behavior in vivo, effects that were mostly recapitulated by individual silencing of BRD4. RNA sequencing of BET inhibitor–treated cells followed by Gene Ontology analysis showed a striking impact on transcriptional programs controlling cell growth, proliferation, cell-cycle regulation, and differentiation. In particular, we found that, rapidly after BET displacement, key cell-cycle genes (SKP2, ERK1, and c-MYC) were downregulated concomitantly with the accumulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors (p21 and p27), followed by cell-cycle arrest. Importantly, BET inhibitor efficacy was not influenced by BRAF or NRAS mutational status, opening the possibility of using these small-molecule compounds to treat patients for whom no effective targeted therapy exists. Collectively, our study reveals a critical role for BRD4 in melanoma tumor maintenance and renders it a legitimate and novel target for epigenetic therapy directed against the core transcriptional program of melanoma. Cancer Res; 73(20); 6264–76. ©2013 AACR.