bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Nonradioactive Replacement for the Sodium-24 Tracer in Turbine Performance Tests
Authors: Irwin Patricia C. , McCloskey Thomas H. 
Published: March 2015

In the past, expensive measuring devices were used to determine performance and efficiency on nuclear turbine cycles. More recently, sodium-24 replaced these devices because of the reduced cost, increased accuracy and improved precision. While radioactive sodium-24 has significant advantages, it brings with it several disadvantages such as:
1. limited useful working time,
2. exposure of testing personnel to ionizing radiation,
3. limited availability,
4. the need for government licensing which for all practical purposes precludes its use in fossil plants,
5. unacceptable radioactive release to the environment during boiler blow-down,
6. complex analysis procedure.
Thus, a nonradioactive replacement for sodium-24 has become economically desirable as well as necessary from the ease of use point of view.
In this paper, the procedure for choosing a nonradioactive replacement tracer will be discussed with reference to the criteria needed to be satisfied for an adequate tracer e.g., a suitable and sensitive analytical detection technique that would be already available to power plants. Necessary refinements to the sodium-24 testing procedure will also be discussed as well as a unique means of preconcentrating the tracer prior to analysis. The laboratory evaluation and method development to be discussed in the paper was funded by EPRI.
The potential applications for the new tracer, which include all sodium-24 uses, will be noted. These uses include, but are not limited to component performance, heater leakage, and moisture calculations. Because federal licensing of the nonradioactive tracer is not necessary, tests in a fossil plant are possible and will also be discussed.
The completed laboratory experiments indicate high promise for success in actual field tests which are scheduled for mid-1984 for fossil plant testing, and mid-1985 for nuclear station testing.
Experimental Evaluation of Simplified IGCC
Authors: Horner M. W. , Corman J. C. 
Published: March 2015

Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants offer the opportunity to burn coal in an environmentally sound manner at a competitive cost of output energy. Advanced simplified IGCC systems have been identified which offer reduced fuel system capital costs and complexity as well as improved thermal efficiency of coal to fuel conversion. These systems, however, must utilize hot gas cleanup devices to remove particulates, alkali metals, and sulfur to permit utilization of the product fuel gas in a gas turbine. Technology and component development are underway to prepare the hot fuel gas cleanup and gas turbine systems for subsequent integration and verification testing at pilot scale.
An experimental testing program is underway to address fuel system and gas turbine components technology for a simplified IGCC configuration. Gas turbine nozzle sectors have been adapted for installation in a turbine simulator for development testing. A low-Btu gas combustor installed upstream of the nozzle sectors is utilized to burn a hot coal gas. Modifications have been made to an existing pilot scale coal gasifier to deliver 1000°F low-Btu coal gas to the gas turbine combustor after partial cleanup by a hot cyclone to remove particulate matter carried over from the coal gasifier. The results from this experimental program will resolve technical issues related to corrosion, deposition and erosion phenomena related to fuel quality, turbine inlet temperature, and nozzle metal surface temperature.
Influence of Gas Turbine Combustor Design and Operating Parameters on Effectiveness of NOx Suppression by Injected Steam or Water
Authors: Touchton G. L. 
Published: March 2015

Steam or water injection has become the state-of-the-art abatement technique for NOx, with steam strongly preferred for combined-cycle application. In combined-cycle plants, the degradation of the plant efficiency due to steam injection into the gas turbine combustor provides a powerful incentive for minimizing this flow over the entire plant operating map.
This paper presents the results of extensive tests carried out on a variety of gas turbine combustor designs. Both test stand and field test data are presented. The usual fuel in the tests is methane; however, some data are presented for combustion of No. 2 distillate oil and intermediate Btu gas fuel. Similarly, the usual inert injected is steam, but some water injection data are included for comparison.
The results support the conclusions:
1. Steam and water injection suppress NOx exclusively through thermal mechanisms, i.e., by lowering the peak flame temperature.
2. Design changes have little effect on NOx suppression effectiveness of steam or water in jet-stirred or swirl-mixed combustors.
3. Primary zone injection of steam in methane-fueled, jet-stirred combustors is equally effective whether the steam enters with an air stream or with the fuel stream.
4. Water-to-fuel ratio corrected to equivalent energy content correlates NOx suppression effectiveness for turbulent diffusion flame combustors.
A Developed Model for the Prediction of Soot Formation and Oxidation in the Gas Turbine
Authors: Najjar Yousef S. H. 
Published: March 2015

Soot formation and oxidation are important in the field of gas turbine combustion in as much as they affect the flame tube durability and the pollution problem.
Therefore, an analytical model was designed and it is here developed further to increase its predictive capability.
Results show very good agreement between the model and the measurements at both idle and full loading conditions.
Advanced Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Plant
Authors: Pavel J. , Blinn M. B. , Haldipur G. B. 
Published: March 2015

This paper describes the conceptual design of an advanced technology coal gasification combined cycle power plant which has significant advantages over other power generation technologies. The plant is expected to provide lower capital and operating costs and superior environmental acceptability than other modes of generation.
The design is based on the KRW Energy Systems Inc.’s pressurized fluidized bed coal gasification system. Hot cleaning of the fuel gas is accomplished using concepts being developed at the Waltz Mill pilot plant. Desulfurization of the fuel gas is by injection of dolomite into the gasifier bed. Final particulate removal is accomplished by an external filter. Net power output from the plant is 73 MW and the overall plant heat rate is 8760 Btu/KWh (HHV).
Exergy Analysis of Combined Cycles: Part 1 — Air-Cooled Brayton-Cycle Gas Turbines
Authors: El-Masri M. A. 
Published: March 2015

Quantitative analytical tools based upon the second law of thermodynamics provide insight into the complex optimization tradeoffs encountered in the design of a combined cycle. Those tools are especially valuable when considering approaches beyond the existing body of experience, whether in cycle configuration or in gas turbine cooling technology. A framework for such analysis was provided by the author in references [1]-[3] using simplified, constant-property models.
In this paper, this theme is developed to include actual chemical and thermodynamic properties as well as relevant practical design details reflecting current engineering practice. The second law model is applied to calculate and provide a detailed breakdown of the sources of inefficiency of a combined cycle. Stage-by-stage turbine cooling flow and loss analysis calculations are performed using the GASCAN program and examples of the resulting loss-breakdowns presented. It is shown that the dominant interaction governing the variation of cycle efficiency with turbine inlet temperature is that between combustion irreversibility and turbine cooling losses. Compressor and pressure-drop losses are shown to be relatively small. A detailed analysis and loss-breakdown of the steam bottoming cycle is presented in Part 2 of this paper.
Characterization of the nanoDot OSLD dosimeter in CT
Authors: Scarboro Sarah B. , Cody Dianna , Alvarez Paola , Followill David , Court Laurence , Stingo Francesco C. , Zhang Di , McNitt‐Gray Michael , Kry Stephen F. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose:The extensive use of computed tomography (CT) in diagnostic procedures is accompanied by a growing need for more accurate and patient‐specific dosimetry techniques. Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs) offer a potential solution for patient‐specific CT point‐based surface dosimetry by measuring air kerma. The purpose of this work was to characterize the OSLD nanoDot for CT dosimetry, quantifying necessary correction factors, and evaluating the uncertainty of these factors.Methods:A characterization of the Landauer OSL nanoDot (Landauer, Inc., Greenwood, IL) was conducted using both measurements and theoretical approaches in a CT environment. The effects of signal depletion, signal fading, dose linearity, and angular dependence were characterized through direct measurement for CT energies (80–140 kV) and delivered doses ranging from ∼5 to >1000 mGy. Energy dependence as a function of scan parameters was evaluated using two independent approaches: direct measurement and a theoretical approach based on Burlin cavity theory and Monte Carlo simulated spectra. This beam‐quality dependence was evaluated for a range of CT scanning parameters.Results:Correction factors for the dosimeter response in terms of signal fading, dose linearity, and angular dependence were found to be small for most measurement conditions (<3%). The relative uncertainty was determined for each factor and reported at the two‐sigma level. Differences in irradiation geometry (rotational versus static) resulted in a difference in dosimeter signal of 3% on average. Beam quality varied with scan parameters and necessitated the largest correction factor, ranging from 0.80 to 1.15 relative to a calibration performed in air using a 120 kV beam. Good agreement was found between the theoretical and measurement approaches.Conclusions:Correction factors for the measurement of air kerma were generally small for CT dosimetry, although angular effects, and particularly effects due to changes in beam quality, could be more substantial. In particular, it would likely be necessary to account for variations in CT scan parameters and measurement location when performing CT dosimetry using OSLD.
The mutagenic chain reaction: A method for converting heterozygous to homozygous mutations
Authors: Gantz Valentino M. , Bier Ethan 
Published: March 2015

Generating homozygous mutations
Loss-of-function mutations may only produce a mutant phenotype when both copies of the gene are mutated. Gantz and Bier developed a method they call mutagenic chain reaction (MCR) that autocatalytically produces homozygous mutations. MCR uses the initial mutated allele to cause a mutation in the allele on the opposing chromosome and thus the homozygosity of the trait. MCR technology could have broad applications in diverse organisms.

Science
, this issue p. 442
Complete Genome Sequence of Francisella guangzhouensis Strain 08HL01032
T
, Isolated from Air-Conditioning Systems in China
Authors: Svensson Daniel , Öhrman Caroline , Bäckman Stina , Karlsson Edvin , Nilsson Elin , Byström Mona , Lärkeryd Adrian , Myrtennäs Kerstin , Stenberg Per , Qu Ping-hua , Trygg Johan , Scholz Holger C. , Forsman Mats , Sjödin Andreas 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

We present the complete genome sequence of Francisella guangzhouensis strain 08HL01032
T
, which consists of one chromosome (1,658,482 bp) and one plasmid (3,045 bp) with G+C contents of 32.0% and 28.7%, respectively.
De Novo
Assembly of a Bell Pepper Endornavirus Genome Sequence Using RNA Sequencing Data
Authors: Jo Yeonhwa , Choi Hoseng , Cho Won Kyong 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

The genus
Endornavirus
is a double-stranded RNA virus that infects a wide range of hosts. In this study, we report on the
de novo
assembly of a bell pepper endornavirus genome sequence by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Our result demonstrates the successful application of RNA-Seq to obtain a complete viral genome sequence from the transcriptome data.
Draft Genome Sequences of Six Bordetella hinzii Isolates Acquired from Avian and Mammalian Hosts
Authors: Register Karen B. , Ivanov Yury V. , Harvill Eric T. , Brinkac Lauren , Kim Maria , Losada Liliana 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Bordetella hinzii
is a Gram-negative bacterium known to infect poultry, humans, rabbits, and rodents. It is an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised humans, and some strains cause mild to moderate respiratory disease in turkeys. Little is known as to the degree of genetic diversity within the species or the genetic basis for virulence. Here, we report the genome sequences of six isolates of B. hinzii acquired from humans, rabbits, or turkeys. These data provide a framework for refining the population structure of the genus, establishing relationships among genetically distinct isolates, and developing an understanding of the possible virulence mechanisms of the bacterium.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Highly Virulent Strain of the Plant Pathogen Dickeya solani, IFB0099
Authors: Golanowska M. , Galardini M. , Bazzicalupo M. , Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat N. , Mengoni A. , Potrykus M. , Slawiak M. , Lojkowska E. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Dickeya solani
is an important bacterial pathogen of potato cultivars in Europe. Here, we present the draft genome of D. solani strain IFB0099 isolated from potato in Poland that shows a high level of pectinolytic activity and a high virulence. This genome sequence is 5,094,121 bp and contains 4,365 protein-coding sequences.
The First Papillomavirus Isolated from Vulpes vulpes (VvulPV1) Is Basal to the
Gammapapillomavirus
Genus
Authors: Mengual-Chuliá Beatriz , Wittstatt Ulrich , Bravo Ignacio G. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genomic sequence of
Vulpes vulpes
papillomavirus type 1 (VvulPV1), isolated from the hair follicles of a red fox. VvulPV1 does not cluster with other carnivoran papillomaviruses, and is instead a sister taxon to the
Gammapapillomavirus
genus, thus sustaining the scenario of a biphasic evolution of papillomaviruses.
Emergence of New Insect-Restrictive Viruses in the Amazon Region
Authors: Nunes Márcio R. T. , Silva Sandro P. , Carvalho Valéria L. , Vasconcelos Janaina M. , Da Silva Daisy E. A. , Oliveira Layanna F. , Nunes Neto Joaquim P. , Rodrigues Sueli G. , Azevedo Raimunda S. S. , Monteiro Hamilton A. O. , Cardoso Jedson F. , Guzman Hilda , Tesh Robert , Vasconcelos Pedro F. C. , Vianez-Júnior João L. S. G. , Martins Lívia C. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

The complete genome was determined for 12 viruses isolated from 8 different pools of mosquitoes (
Culex
sp. and
Psorophora ferox
) collected at Brejeira farm, Canaan dos Carajas, Para state in northern Brazil. Eight of the viruses were distantly related to Piura virus, hereafter designated as Brejeira virus; the other 4 were similar to Wallerfield virus.
Genome Assembly of Schlumbergera Virus X Infecting Prickly Pear (Opuntia cochenillifera) in Brazil
Authors: Sanches Márcio Martinello , Lamas Natalia Silva , Reis Marcelo Banho A. , Arieta-Sosa Juan Gabriel , Romano Eduardo , Melo Fernando Lucas , Ribeiro Simone Graça 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Potexviruses frequently infect plants from the family Cactaceae. We report the complete genome sequence of a new Schlumbergera virus X (SchVX) isolate. The genome has 6,615 nucleotides and shares 94% nucleotide identity with SchVX-K11 from Schlumbergera. This is the first sequence of an isolate of SchVX from the genus Opuntia
.
Whole Genome Sequence of the Non-Microcystin-Producing Microcystis aeruginosa Strain NIES-44
Authors: Okano Kunihiro , Miyata Naoyuki , Ozaki Yasuo 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Microcystis aeruginosa
is a typical algal bloom-forming cyanobacterium. This report describes the whole-genome sequence of a non-microcystin-producing strain of
Microcystis aeruginosa
, NIES-44, which was isolated from a Japanese lake.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas fluorescens SRM1, an Isolate from Spoiled Raw Milk
Authors: Lo Raquel , Stanton-Cook Mitchell J. , Beatson Scott A. , Turner Mark S. , Bansal Nidhi 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas fluorescens
is considered a major milk spoilage organism due to its psychrotrophic nature and ability to produce heat-stable proteases and lipases. Here, we report the draft genome and annotation of
P. fluorescens
SRM1 isolated from spoiled raw milk and the presence of an operon encoding spoilage enzymes.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Degrading Bacterium Pseudomonas putida KF703 (NBRC 110666) Isolated from Biphenyl-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Suenaga Hikaru , Yamazoe Atsushi , Hosoyama Akira , Kimura Nobutada , Hirose Jun , Watanabe Takahito , Fujihara Hidehiko , Futagami Taiki , Goto Masatoshi , Furukawa Kensuke 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas putida
KF703 (NBRC 110666) utilizes biphenyl as a sole source of carbon and degrades polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the KF703 strain, which provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to an environment polluted by aromatic compounds.
Analysis of Pectate Lyase Genes in Dickeya chrysanthemi Strain L11, Isolated from a Recreational Lake in Malaysia: a Draft Genome Sequence Perspective
Authors: Chan Kok-Gan , Kher Heng-Leong , Chang Chien-Yi , Yin Wai-Fong , Tan Kian-Hin 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Dickeya chrysanthemi
is well known as a plant pathogen that caused major blackleg in the European potato industry in the 1990s. D. chrysanthemi strain L11 was discovered in a recreational lake in Malaysia. Here, we present its draft genome sequence.
Whole-Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” from a Huanglongbing-Affected Citrus Tree in Central Florida
Authors: Zheng Z. , Sun X. , Deng X. , Chen J. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Here, we report the draft genome sequence of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” strain FL17, isolated from a huanglongbing (HLB)-affected citrus tree in central Florida. The FL17 genome comprised 1,227,253 bp, with a G+C content of 36.5%, 1,175 predicted open reading frames, and 53 RNA genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of SS52, a Strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Recovered from Supershedder Cattle
Authors: Katani Robab , Cote Rebecca , Raygoza Garay Juan Antonio , Li Lingling , Arthur Terrance M. , DebRoy Chitrita , Mwangi Michael M. , Kapur Vivek 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 causes foodborne infections, and cattle are the primary reservoir. Some animals, known as supershedders, excrete orders of magnitude more
E. coli
O157:H7 in the feces than normal. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the SS52 supershedder strain of
E. coli
O157:H7.
Variation between specialist uropatholgists in reporting extraprostatic extension after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Bryant Richard J , Schmitt Anne J , Roberts Ian S D , Gill Pelvender S , Browning Lisa , Brewster Simon F , Hamdy Freddie C , Verrill Clare 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimsExtraprostatic extension of prostate cancer in radical prostatectomy specimens significantly affects patient management. We evaluated the degree of interobserver variation between uropathologists at a tertiary referral teaching hospital in assessing the extraprostatic extension of prostate cancer in radical prostatectomy specimens.MethodsHistopathological data from a consecutive series of 293 radical prostatectomy specimens (January 2007–December 2012) were reviewed. A subset of 50 consecutive radical prostatectomy cases originally staged as tumours confined to the prostate (pT2) or tumours extending into periprostatic tissue (pT3a) during this period were reviewed by four specialist uropathologists.ResultsFive consultant histopathologists reported these specimens with significant differences in the reported stage (p=0.0164) between pathologists. Double-blind review by 4 uropathologists of 50 consecutive radical prostatectomy cases showed a lack of consensus in 16/50 (32%) cases (κ score 0.58, moderate agreement). A consensus meeting was held, but consensus could still not be reached in 9/16 cases.ConclusionsOur findings highlight variability in the reporting of pT stage in radical prostatectomy specimens even by specialist uropathologists. Assessment of extraprostatic extension has important implications for patient management and there is a need for more precise guidance.
Intracranial aneurysms in sickle cell anemia: clinical and imaging findings
Authors: Nabavizadeh S Ali , Vossough Arastoo , Ichord Rebecca N , Kwiatkowski Janet , Pukenas Bryan A , Smith Michelle J , Storm Philip B , Zager Eric L , Hurst Robert W 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundCerebral aneurysm formation is one of the cerebrovascular complications of sickle cell disease.ObjectiveTo report the clinical and imaging findings of intracerebral aneurysms and their treatment in pediatric and adult patients with sickle cell disease.MethodsReview of clinical data via chart abstraction and radiologic features at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from 2000 to 2014 and review of the literature since 1942.ResultsNineteen patients with aneurysms (2.7%) were found in 709 imaged patients, including 1.2% of imaged children and 10.8% of adults. A total of 44 aneurysms were detected (52.6% with multiple aneurysms, overall 2.3 per patient), 35 (79.5%) in the anterior circulation and 9 in the posterior circulation (20.4%). Thirty-eight unruptured aneurysms ranging in size from 2 to 6 mm and six ruptured aneurysms ranging in size from 3 to 9 mm in diameter were found. Of the patients with ruptured aneurysms, two were treated by stent-assisted coiling, two by clipping, and one patient with coiling. In the group without a rupture, one patient was treated by coil embolization and one patient with a peripheral middle cerebral artery aneurysm was treated by aneurysmectomy. Three pediatric patients with a previously normal MR angiogram demonstrated new aneurysm formation during the study.ConclusionsAdult patients with sickle cell disease have a high prevalence of aneurysm formation. Both pediatric and adult patients with sickle cell disease tend to develop multiple aneurysms with frequent involvement of atypical locations, in both anterior and posterior circulations.