bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus testing in young women: Clinical outcomes of human papillomavirus triage in a UK cervical screening program
Authors: McKenna Michael , McMenamin Mary M. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDIn the United Kingdom, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is used to triage women with borderline cytology or mild dyskaryosis; however, in young women, the value of triage is limited by the high HPV prevalence rate. The current study examined the impact of HPV triage on colposcopy referral, colposcopy procedures, and patient outcome in a cervical screening population that included women aged < 25 years.METHODSWomen aged 18 to 65 years attending for cervical screening in Northern Ireland were tested for HPV if their cytology result demonstrated borderline cytology or mild dyskaryosis. Of the 866 women eligible for HPV triage, those who tested negative for HPV were returned to routine screening and women who tested positive were referred to colposcopy.RESULTSHPV prevalence was 82.07% in women aged < 25 years and 54.69% in women aged ≥ 25 years. Colposcopy referrals increased by 42.67%. The odds of undergoing a large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) compared with punch biopsy increased by 0.056 per year above the age of 31 years. LLETZ performed in women aged ≥ 25 years and those aged < 25 years yielded rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of type 2 or higher (≥ CIN2) of 57.04% and 80.00%, respectively. The positive predictive value of HPV triage for detecting ≥ CIN2 was 29.92% in women aged < 25 years and 27.51% in the older age group.CONCLUSIONSHPV triage substantially increased colposcopy referrals. The positive predictive value of a positive HPV test to detect ≥ CIN2 was not affected by age. LLETZ performed in women aged < 25 years yielded higher rates of ≥ CIN2 compared with the older age group. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:702–710. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Differential LRRK2 expression in the cortex, striatum, and substantia nigra in transgenic and nontransgenic rodents
Authors: West Andrew B. , Cowell Rita M. , Daher João P.L. , Moehle Mark S. , Hinkle Kelly M. , Melrose Heather L. , Standaert David G. , Volpicelli‐Daley Laura A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMutations in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are found in a significant proportion of late‐onset Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Elucidating the neuroanatomical localization of LRRK2 will further define LRRK2 function and the molecular basis of PD. Here, we utilize recently characterized monoclonal antibodies to evaluate LRRK2 expression in rodent brain regions relevant to PD. In both mice and rats, LRRK2 is highly expressed in the cortex and striatum, particularly in pyramidal neurons of layer V and in medium spiny neurons within striosomes. Overall, rats have a more restricted distribution of LRRK2 compared with mice. Mice, but not rats, show high levels of LRRK2 expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Expression of the pathogenic LRRK2‐G2019S protein from mouse bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) constructs closely mimics endogenous LRRK2 distribution in the mouse brain. However, LRRK2‐G2019S expression derived from human BAC constructs causes LRRK2 to be expressed in additional neuron subtypes in the rat such as striatal cholinergic interneurons and the substantia nigra pars compacta. The distribution of LRRK2 from human BAC constructs more closely resembles descriptions of LRRK2 in humans and nonhuman primates. Computational analyses of DNA regulatory elements in LRRK2 show a primate‐specific promoter sequence that does not exist in lower mammalian species. These noncoding regions may be involved in directing neuronal expression patterns. Together, these studies will aid in understanding the normal function of LRRK2 in the brain and will assist in model selection for future studies. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2465–2480, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
INSTANCES: incorporating computational scientific thinking advances into education and science courses
Authors: Landau Rubin , Mulder Greg , Holmes Raquell , Borinskaya Sofya , Kang NamHwa , Bordeianu Cristian 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThe conceptual framework and initial steps taken by a project that aims to incorporate computational scientific thinking into the university‐level classes taken by preservice and in‐service teachers (education majors) are described. The project is called INSTANCES, an almost‐acronym for incorporating computational scientific thinking advances into education and science courses, and is supported by National Science Foundation as part of their Transforming Undergraduate Education in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics program. The overall goal of the project is to provide an introduction to scientific thinking with computation. Mathematics, programming, algorithmic thinking, and computing accuracy are explicit elements of the science education curriculum, and they are included as integral elements in modules that walk teachers through various examples of computational scientific thinking. Brief descriptions of the modules and their use are presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPA stability for children in foster care: Mental health implications and moderation by early intervention
Authors: Laurent Heidemarie K. , Gilliam Kathryn S. , Bruce Jacqueline , Fisher Philip A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTResearch on stress‐sensitive biological systems has typically focused on activation at one time, yet recent theories emphasize dynamic, context‐specific adaptation. This study tested hypothesized calibration of one such system by examining both mean levels and longitudinal stability of daily cortisol—reflecting hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activation—in children exposed to high‐risk versus lower‐risk caregiving contexts. Context‐specific effects of longitudinal cortisol profiles were addressed via relations with child psychiatric symptoms. Children from regular foster care, foster children participating in a family‐based intervention, and community comparison children (n = 96 total) collected saliva samples for cortisol assay at 29 timepoints across 6+ years. High‐risk (regular foster care) children showed lower and more variable cortisol levels than their lower‐risk (treatment foster care, community comparison) counterparts. For the high‐risk children only, higher and more stable cortisol related to elevated anxiety symptoms. Implications for contextual calibration of stress systems and family intervention mechanisms are discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1406–1415, 2014.
Synthesis of a phosphorus and sulfur‐containing aromatic diamine curing agent and its application in flame retarded epoxy resins
Authors: Xu Miaojun , Zhao Wei , Li Bin , Yang Kun , Lin Li 
Published: June 2014

SummaryA novel curing agent of epoxy resins (EPO), bis(3‐amino‐2‐thienyl) phenylphosphine oxide (ABTPPO), was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and 31P NMR. ABTPPO was used as a flame retardant curing agent, and a novel halogen‐free flame retardant EPO composite was prepared. The flame retardant properties of ABTPPO‐cured EPO were evaluated in terms of limiting oxygen index and vertical burning test (UL‐94), while the combustion and thermal degradation behaviors were investigated by cone calorimeter test (CONE) and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The cured EPO composite passed the UL‐94 V‐1 and V‐2 rating when the sample thickness is 3.0 and 1.6 mm, respectively, and the limiting oxygen index value reached 38.3%. The morphological structures of char residue tested by scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that ABTPPO benefited to the formation of a more compact and homogeneous char layer on the materials' surface during burning, which protected the underlying matrix from decomposition and enhanced the flame retardancy of materials. The cured EPO showed excellent fire performance after the water resistance test because of the low water uptake (0.6 wt%), which demonstrated that the flame retardant EPO composite possessed excellent water resistance property. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of maize hardness by biospeckle and fuzzy granularity
Authors: Weber Christian , Dai Pra Ana L. , Passoni Lucía I. , Rabal Héctor J. , Trivi Marcelo , Poggio Aguerre Guillermo J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn recent years there has been renewed interest in the development of novel grain classification methods that could complement traditional empirical tests. A speckle pattern occurs when a laser beam illuminates an optically rough surface that flickers when the object is active and is called biospeckle. In this work, we use laser biospeckle to classify maize (Zea mays L.) kernel hardness. A series of grains of three types of maize were cut and illuminated by a laser. A series of images were then registered, stored, and processed. These were compared with results obtained by floating test. The laser speckle technique was effective in discriminating the grains based on the presence of floury or vitreous endosperm and could be considered a feasible alternative to traditional floating methods. The results indicate that this methodology can distinguish floury and vitreous grains. Moreover, the assay showed higher discrimination capability than traditional tests. It could be potentially useful for maize classification and to increase the efficiency of processing dry milling corn.
Construction section U1/10 of the Vienna Underground / Der Bauabschnitt U1/10 der Wiener U‐Bahn
Authors: Herzfeld Thomas , Leitner Andreas , Gartner Ilse 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAs in most of the large European cities, the attractiveness of public transport is also an important matter for the inhabitants of Vienna. For this reason, the Vienna underground railway network has been continuously extended since its inception in 1978. At the moment, the extension of the Line U1 to the south is under construction, with about 50 % running underground and the rest either elevated or at ground level. Construction started in 2012 and the section should open in 2017. Part of this section is contract U1/10 Troststrasse, which runs underground. The tunnels mainly pass through loess and loess‐loam soils, and are favourably above the free groundwater table so that only perched groundwater had to be pumped out of wells in the area of the tunnels. The running tunnels are being constructed according to the principles of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM). The station tunnels for track 2 are also being tunnelled according to the NATM although measures to reduce settlement were essential to comply with the requirement for the permissible tangential inclination of buildings. After various methods had been evaluated, a combination of a horizontal jet grout canopy supported on vertical jet grout columns was chosen. The shafts and the tunnel for track 1 were constructed in cut‐and‐cover with contiguous bored piles to support the excavation.Wie in den meisten Großstädten Europas ist auch in Wien die Attraktivität des öffentlichen Verkehrs ein wichtiges Anliegen der Bürger. In diesem Sinn wird in Wien das U‐Bahnnetz seit seinem Start im Jahr 1978 kontinuierlich erweitert. Derzeit ist die Verlängerung der Linie U1 in Richtung Süden in Bau. Davon verläuft ca. 50 % unterirdisch, der Rest wird in Hochlage bzw. niveaugleich errichtet. Baubeginn war 2012 und 2017 soll diese Strecke in Betrieb gehen. Einer dieser Abschnitte ist das Baulos U1/10 Troststraße, das in Tieflage geplant ist. Die Tunnel kommen dabei zum größten Teil in Lössen bzw. Lösslehmen zu liegen, günstigerweise oberhalb des freien Grundwasserspiegels, sodass nur Schichtwasser durch Brunnen im Vortriebsbereich abgepumpt werden musste. Die Herstellung der Streckenröhren erfolgt in der Neuen Österreichischen Tunnelbaumethode (NÖT). Der Vortrieb der Stationsröhre Gleis 2 erfolgte ebenfalls in der NÖT, jedoch waren setzungsmindernde Maßnahmen zur Einhaltung der zulässigen Tangentenneigung an den Gebäuden unumgänglich. Nach Evaluierung verschiedener Methoden wurde eine Kombination aus horizontalem DSV‐Schirm aufgelagert auf vertikalen DSV‐Säulen gewählt. Die Schächte und die Stationsröhre Gleis 1 wurden in offener Bauweise mit aufgelösten Bohrpfahlwänden als Baugrubensicherung hergestellt.
Sliding slopes on the Gerlos Strasse / Rutschhänge an der Gerlos Straße
Authors: Burger Daniela , Haunschmid Bruno 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEver since being built in the middle ages, the Gerlos Strasse has been affected by slope sides and wild torrents, resulting in an almost continuous history of rebuilding and repairs with correspondingly high costs. The route is in the immediate vicinity of the Salzach Fault, one of the most significant fault zones on the eastern Alps, and the enormous forces that formed the mountains can be seen in action, together with the destructive erosion processes with their natural tendency to reduce the angle of the slope. Three individual events are described in order to illustrate the heterogeneous geological conditions, and the selected repair and protection measures for the infrastructure are briefly described. It appears that even with the geotechnical measures available today, an end to the permanent cycle of repair is still barely conceivable.Seit ihrer Entstehung im späten Mittelalter ist die Gerlos Straße von Rutschungen und Murenabgängen betroffen, die einen nahezu ununterbrochenen Wiederherstellungs‐ und Sanierungsbedarf mit entsprechend hohem finanziellen Aufwand nach sich ziehen. Ihr Verlauf im unmittelbaren Nahebereich der Salzachstörung als einer der bedeutendsten Störungszonen der Ostalpen lässt die enormen gebirgsbildenden Kräfte wie auch die zerstörerischen Erosionsprozesse mit ihrer natürlichen Tendenz zur Verringerung der Hangneigungen eindrucksvoll vor Augen treten. Anhand dreier Einzelereignisse werden die heterogenen Untergrundverhältnisse dargestellt und die gewählten Sanierungs‐ und Sicherungsmaßnahmen für die Infrastruktureinrichtungen skizziert. Es zeigt sich, dass auch mit den heute zur Verfügung stehenden geotechnischen Mitteln ein Ende der Dauersanierungsmaßnahmen nur schwer absehbar ist.
Prediction of permanent soil deformations due to cyclic shearing with a hypoplastic constitutive model
Authors: Wegener Dirk , Herle Ivo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe prediction of permanent soil displacements due to alternating loading is important for assessing the stability and serviceability of transport network, foundations of machines and wind turbines as well as structures in earthquake regions. The accumulation of permanent displacements due to alternating loading depends on many factors which engineers attempt to capture in a corresponding stress‐strain relationship. Typical hysteretic soil behaviour during cyclic shearing and its description with a constitutive model are shown in this article.The capability of the hypoplastic constitutive model with intergranular strains to reproduce the non‐linear and anelastic behaviour is discussed. The determination of the material parameters for describing shear stiffness degradation with increasing shear strain amplitude is considered and, simultaneously, an increase in stiffness after a change in shearing direction. A modification of the hypoplastic constitutive model, including one additional soil parameter, is proposed in order to describe accumulation effects more realistically. The additional parameter can be determined in cyclic shear or triaxial tests. How to reproduce realistically the accumulation of volumetric strains under drained conditions and excess pore pressures under undrained conditions during cyclic shearing is demonstrated.Prognose bleibender Verformungen infolge zyklischer Scherung mit einem hypoplastischen StoffgesetzDie Prognosen von bleibenden Bodenverformungen infolge Wechselbelastung spielen zum Beispiel für die Beurteilung der Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Stabilität von Verkehrswegen sowie von dynamisch belasteten Gründungen, wie z. B. Maschinenfundamenten oder Windenergieanlagen, aber auch für Bauten in Erdbebengebieten eine wichtige Rolle. Die Akkumulation der Verformungen infolge Wechselbelastung hängt dabei von vielen Faktoren ab, die in einer entsprechenden Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Beziehung erfasst werden.Im Artikel wird das typische Bodenverhalten infolge dynamischer Beanspruchung beschrieben und gezeigt, wie man dieses nichtlineare und anelastische Verhalten mit dem hypoplastischen Stoffgesetz mit intergranularen Dehnungen wirklichkeitsnah erfassen kann. Dabei wird auf die geeignete Wahl der Materialparameter zur Beschreibung der Abnahme der Steifigkeit mit zunehmender Scherdehnungsamplitude sowie die Zunahme der Steifigkeit nach einem Richtungswechsel der Belastung eingegangen. Für die realistische Erfassung des Bodenverhaltens infolge zyklischer Belastung werden eine Modifizierung des hypoplastischen Stoffgesetzes sowie die Einführung eines zusätzlichen Stoffgesetzparameters vorgenommen. Es wird gezeigt, wie dieser Parameter in zyklischen Scher‐ oder Triaxialversuchen bestimmt werden kann und wie damit die Akkumulation von volumetrischen Verformungen bei drainierten Verhältnissen bzw. von Porenwasserüberdrücken bei undrainierten Verhältnissen zuverlässig prognostiziert werden kann.
Native nucleus pulposus tissue matrix promotes notochordal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells with potential for treating intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Liu Yongxing , Fu Susan , Rahaman Mohamed N. , Mao Jeremy J. , Bal B. Sonny 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNative porcine nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue harbors a number of notochordal cells (NCs). Whether the native NP matrix supports the homeostasis of notochordal cells is poorly understood. We hypothesized the NP matrix alone may contain sufficient regulatory factors and can serve as stimuli to generate notochordal cells (NCs) from human pluripotent stem cells. NCs are a promising cell sources for cell‐based therapy to treat some types of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. One major limitation of this emerging technique is the lack of available NCs as a potential therapeutic cell source. Human pluripotent stem cells derived from reprogramming or somatic cell nuclear transfer technique may yield stable and unlimited source for therapeutic use. We devised a new method to use porcine NP matrix to direct notochordal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The results showed that hiPSCs successfully differentiated into NC‐like cells under the influence of devitalized porcine NP matrix. The NC‐like cells expressed typical notochordal marker genes including brachyury (T), cytokeratin‐8 (CK‐8) and cytokeratin‐18 (CK‐18), and they displayed the ability to generate NP‐like tissue in vitro, which was rich in aggrecan and collagen type II. These findings demonstrated the proof of concept for using native NP matrix to direct notochordal differentiation of hiPSCs. It provides a foundation for further understanding the biology of NCs, and eventually towards regenerative therapies for disc degeneration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1053–1059, 2015.
Role of molecular properties of ulvans on their ability to elaborate antiadhesive surfaces
Authors: Gadenne Virginie , Lebrun Laurent , Jouenne Thierry , Thebault Pascal 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAntiadhesive properties of polysaccharides (such ulvans) once immobilized on a surface are described in the literature but the parameters governing their antifouling properties are not yet well identified. In the present study, the relationship between molecular parameters of ulvans and the inhibition of bacterial adhesion was investigated. To this aim, various ulvans were grafted on silicon wafers under two different experimental immobilization conditions. Results showed that the experimental immobilization conditions and the polysaccharides molecular weight led to specific layer conformations which exhibited a key role in the surface antiadhesive properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1021–1028, 2015.
Homeostasis and secretion of calcium in the oviductal mucosa of toad Rhinella arenarum
Authors: Crespo Claudia A. , Medina Marcela F. , Ramos Inés , Fernández Silvia N. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe presence of a calcium pump, calbindin D‐28KD, and calmodulin in the secretory cells (SC) of the oviductal pars convoluta (PC) of Rhinella arenarum was established for the first time in amphibians using immunohistochemical techniques. Marked variations were observed in the localization and degree of expression of these proteins according to the duct segment and the period of the sexual cycle analyzed. During the preovulatory and ovulatory periods the calcium pump colocalized with calbindin D‐28KD can be seen mainly in the apical border of the SC, which are located in the first zones of PC and synthesize and secrete the components of the inner jelly coat layers. These envelopes, which surround the oocytes, contain the molecules indispensable for fertilization, probably inducing the sperm acrosome reaction (AR). Our results suggest that calmodulin, colocalized with the calcium pump at the SC cytoplasmic level, would be involved in the active transport of the cation inside the secretory granules, maintaining adequate levels of intracellular Ca2+. During the postreproductive period, a calcium pump colocalized with calbindin D‐28KD appears for the first time in the cycle in the basal zones of the SC. This system may be related to the replenishing of intracellular Ca2+ stores. In contrast, in R. arenarum the Ca2+ present in the jelly coats that surround the oocytes participates in the AR during fertilization, suggesting that this secretion system of the cation provided by the oviductal mucosa is functionally more active during the reproductive period of this species. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 432–441, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High Power Femtosecond Lasers
Authors: Mans Torsten , Dolkemeyer Jan , Schnitzler Claus 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe InnoSlab concept was developed at Fraunhofer ILT more than 15 years ago using Nd‐based laser crystals. InnoSlab is a highly efficient amplification setup that allows for an extremely broad range of laser parameters due to its inherently simple setup. Today InnoSlab using Yb‐based laser crystals is the leading amplifier technology for achieving highest output power in the ultrashort pulse regime.
Sapphire Cutting with Pulsed Fiber Lasers
Authors: Rüttimann Christoph 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSapphire cutting is currently one of the largest emerging markets in laser materials processing. Sapphire is one of the hardest existing transparent materials. Its mechanical and optical properties made it the ideal and precious choice for various components like cover glasses of watches, displays of mobile devices, protection windows for cameras, or LED carriers. Sapphire cutting with solid state lasers (e. g. lamp‐pumped solid state lasers) is well known since many years and has become a state‐of‐the‐art industrial process. However, achievable process speed and cut quality are limited, and running costs are relatively high. Recent advances in fiber laser, as well as short and ultra‐short pulsed laser technology have brought the sapphire cutting process to a new level of performance. Cutting speed and quality can be significantly improved at lower running costs.