bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Woodcutting Activities in Tabuk Region (Saudi Arabia): Assessment of Conservation Knowledge
Authors: Al-Mutairi Khalid A. , Al-Atawi Adnan , Alajlan Abdulmajeed , Al-Shami Salman A. 
Published: September 2015

The present study aims to investigate the effect of different social factors on the woodcutting frequency in Tabuk Region. A total of 100 people participated in this study by answering the questionnaire questions. The conservation knowledge of the participants was also assessed through 4 questions (Yes or No). The final score of the conservation knowledge assessment is 4. The present study findings showed that most of people like to cut the wood for heating during winter and fall seasons. The frequency of woodcutting in Tabuk Region was once a month. Among the social factors involved in this study, education showed negative and significant relationship with the number of logging times. However, age had positive relationship with the number of logging times. The most favourbale species to be cut and used for heating and cooking in Tabuk are; Acacia tortilis, Acacia ehrenbergiana, Retama reaetam and Calligonum comosum. For the assessment of the public conservation knowledge, it was found that most of participants had moderate to good conservation knowledge as most of them answered 3 questions correctly out of 4. The conservation knowledge showed to be affected positively by education level and negatively by the number of family members. In conclusion, it was found that there is remarkable woodcutting stress on wild plants in Tabuk Region and immediate and effective actions should be performed
Psicología Social e identidad: dificultades para un análisis psicosociológico
Authors: Ovejero Anastasio 
Published: September 2015

La época dorada de la Psicología Social tuvo mucho que ver con su interdisciplinariedad. Pero el positivismo fue haciendo que los psicólogos sociales colaboraran cada vez menos con otros científicos sociales, hasta el punto de que muchos de ellos hasta dejaron de sentirse científicos sociales. A esto se ha unido la progresiva sustitución de las explicaciones psicosociológicas por las meramente económicas a la hora de dar cuenta de la conducta humana e incluso de los hechos sociales. Y ambas cosas juntas han influido mucho en el actual declive de la psicología social como ciencia social. Ello se observa, por ejemplo, en la escasez de estudios realmente psicosociológicos sobre la identidad, un tema que debería ser central en esta disciplina. Por tanto, la psicología social debería hacer fundamentalmente dos cosas para recobrar la posición relevante que tenía entre las ciencias sociales: en primer lugar, hacerle frente a las propuestas economicistas y analizar cómo los procesos macrosociales conforman tanto personalidad humana como la propia identidad, superando así el énfasis que actualmente se está poniendo en la identidad como un concepto meramente individual; y en segundo lugar, abandonar el positivismo que tanto daño está haciéndole a la psicología social y que constituye la verdadera traba para convertirse en una disciplina socialmente relevante. El concepto de identidad es uno de los más psicosociales de nuestra disciplina, es decir, es un concepto que une muy estrechamente lo psicológico y subjetivo, por una parte, y lo social y colectivo, por otra. Por eso la psicología social necesita imprescindiblemente un enfoque interdisciplinar que el positivismo hace muy difícil.
Other-initiated repair in Russian
Authors: Baranova Julija 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article describes the interactional patterns and linguistic structures associated with otherinitiated
repair, as observed in a corpus of video-recorded conversations in Russian. In the discussion of
various repair cases special attention is given to the modifications that the trouble source turn undergoes
in response to an open versus a restricted repair initiation. Speakers often modify their problematic turn in
multiple ways at ones when responding to an open repair initiation. They can alter the word order of the
problematic turn, change prosodic contour of the utterance, omit redundant elements and add more specific
ones. By contrast, restricted repair initiations usually receive specific repair solutions that target only one
problem at a time.
Development of ruthenium-based complexes as anticancer agents: toward a rational design of alternative receptor targets
Authors: Adeniyi Adebayo A. , Ajibade Peter A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn the search for novel anticancer agents, the development of metal-based complexes that could serve as alternatives to cisplatin and its derivatives has received considerable attention in recent years. This becomes necessary because, at present, cisplatin and its derivatives are the only coordination complexes being used as anticancer agents in spite of inherent serious side effects and their limitation against metastasized platinum-resistant cancer cells. Although many metal ions have been considered as possible alternatives to cisplatin, the most promising are ruthenium (Ru) complexes and two Ru compounds, KP1019 and NAMI-A, which are currently in phase II clinical trials. The major obstacle against the rational design of these compounds is the fact that their mode of action in relation to their therapeutic activities and selectivity is not fully understood. There is an urgent need to develop novel metal-based anticancer agents, especially Ru-based compounds, with known mechanism of actions, probable targets, and pharmacodynamic activity. In this paper, we review the current efforts in developing metal-based anticancer agents based on promising Ru complexes and the development of compounds targeting receptors and then examine the future prospects.
Role of iso-receptors in receptor-receptor interactions with a focus on dopamine iso-receptor complexes
Authors: Agnati Luigi F. , Guidolin Diego , Cervetto Chiara , Borroto-Escuela Dasiel O. , Fuxe Kjell 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntercellular and intracellular communication processes consist of signals and recognition/decoding apparatuses of these signals. In humans, the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family represents the largest family of cell surface receptors. More than 30 years ago, it has been proposed that GPCR could form dimers or higher-order oligomers (receptor mosaics [RMs] at the plasma membrane level and receptor-receptor interactions [RRIs] have been proposed as a new integrative mechanism for chemical signals impinging on cell plasma membranes). The basic phenomena involved in RRIs are allostery and cooperativity of membrane receptors, and the present paper provides basic information concerning their relevance for the integrative functions of RMs. In this context, the possible role of iso-receptor RM is discussed (with a special focus on dopamine receptor subtypes and on some of the RMs they form with other dopamine iso-receptors), and it is proposed that two types of cooperativity, namely, homotropic and heterotropic cooperativity, could allow distinguishing two types of functionally different RMs. From a general point of view, the presence of iso-receptors and their topological organization within RMs allow the use of a reduced number of signals for the intercellular communication processes, since the target cells can recognize and decode the same signal in different ways. This theoretical aspect is further analyzed here by means of an analogy with artificial information systems. Thus, it is suggested that the ‘multiplexer’ and ‘demultiplexer’ concepts could, at least in part, model the role of RMs formed by iso-receptors in the information handling by the cell.
Refining stratified reference
Authors: Champollion Lucas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This is a reply to the comments by Corver, Doetjes, Link, Piñón, Schwarzschild, and Syrett on the target article in this volume, Stratified reference: The common core of distributivity, aspect, and measurement. Stratified reference is designed to capture semantic oppositions involving atelicity, plurality and mass reference, extensive measure functions, distributivity, and collectivity. Following suggestions by some of the commentators, stratified reference is refined here in two ways: it is restricted to the parts of the event or individual in question, and its granularity parameter is instantiated with a predicate built around mereological proper parthood and degree ordering.
Activation of Spinal Stabilizers and Shoulder Complex Muscles During an Inverted Row Using a Portable Pull-up Device and Body Weight Resistance
Authors: Youdas James W. , Keith Julianne M. , Nonn Danielle E. , Squires Adam C. , Hollman John H. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Youdas, JW, Keith, JM, Nonn, DE, Squires, AC, and Hollman, JH. Activation of spinal stabilizers and shoulder complex muscles during an inverted row using a portable pull-up device and body weight resistance. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1933–1941, 2016—We recorded muscle activation normalized to a maximum voluntary isometric contraction (% MVIC) during an inverted body weight row using a commercially available portable pull-up device. Surface electromyographic (EMG) analysis was conducted on 13 male and 13 female subjects performing 4 inverted row exercises: (a) pronated grip both feet weight-bearing (WB); (b) supinated grip both feet WB; (c) pronated grip one leg WB; and (d) supinated grip single-leg WB. Nine muscles were analyzed: (a) posterior deltoid (PD), (b) latissimus dorsi (LD), (c) biceps brachii (BB), (d) lower trapezius (LT), (e) upper trapezius (UT), (f) lumbar multifidus (LM), (g) middle trapezius (MT), (h) lumbar thoracis (LTh), and (i) rectus abdominis (RA). Normalized peak EMG activity was examined separately for each muscle with 9 repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) at α = 0.05. Post hoc comparisons of EMG activation across exercises for statistically significant ANOVAs were conducted with Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons. We observed statistically significant differences in EMG activation of the LD between supinated and pronated double-leg WB (p = 0.001) condition. Additionally, we found statistical significance in the UT between pronated and supinated single-leg WB (p = 0.007). No statistically significant differences in muscle activation existed between single- and double-leg WB in any muscles. Four muscles (BB, LD, LT, and PD) demonstrated very high (>61% MVIC) EMG activation during all 4 exercise conditions. Three muscles (UT, MT, and LM) demonstrated high (41–60% MVIC) activation, whereas 2 muscles (LTh and RA) demonstrated moderate (21–40% MVIC) activation. Four inverted row exercises activated the LD, UT, MT, LT, and BB at levels conducive to strengthening.
The Good and Bad Differentially Encoded within the Subthalamic Nucleus in Rats
Authors: Breysse Emmanuel , Pelloux Yann , Baunez Christelle 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) has only recently been added into the reward circuit. It has been shown to encode information regarding rewards (4% sucrose, 32% cocaine). To investigate the encoding of negative value, STN neurons were recorded in rats performing a task using discriminative stimuli predicting various rewards and especially during the replacement of a positive reinforcer (4% sucrose) by an aversive reinforcer (quinine). The results show that STN neurons encode information relative to both positive and aversive reinforcers via specialized subpopulations. The specialization is reset when the context is modified (change from a favorable context (4% vs 32% sucrose) to an unfavorable context (quinine vs 32% sucrose). An excitatory response to the cue light predicting the reward seems to be associated with the preferred situation, suggesting that STN plays a role in encoding the relative value of rewards. STN also seems to play a critical role in the encoding of execution error. Indeed, various subpopulations of neurons responding exclusively at early (i.e., “oops neurons”) or at correct lever release were identified. The oops neurons respond mostly when the preferred reward (32% sucrose) is missed. Furthermore, STN neurons respond to reward omission, suggesting a role in reward prediction error. These properties of STN neurons strengthen its position in the reward circuit as a key cerebral structure through which reward-related processes are mediated. It is particularly important given the fact that STN is the target of surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease and obsessive compulsive disorders, and has been suggested for the treatment of addiction as well.
Single-Trial Event-Related Potential Correlates of Belief Updating
Authors: Bennett Daniel , Murawski Carsten , Bode Stefan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBelief updating—the process by which an agent alters an internal model of its environment—is a core function of the CNS. Recent theory has proposed broad principles by which belief updating might operate, but more precise details of its implementation in the human brain remain unclear. In order to address this question, we studied how two components of the human event-related potential encoded different aspects of belief updating. Participants completed a novel perceptual learning task while electroencephalography was recorded. Participants learned the mapping between the contrast of a dynamic visual stimulus and a monetary reward and updated their beliefs about a target contrast on each trial. A Bayesian computational model was formulated to estimate belief states at each trial and was used to quantify the following two variables: belief update size and belief uncertainty. Robust single-trial regression was used to assess how these model-derived variables were related to the amplitudes of the P3 and the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN), respectively. Results showed a positive relationship between belief update size and P3 amplitude at one fronto-central electrode, and a negative relationship between SPN amplitude and belief uncertainty at a left central and a right parietal electrode. These results provide evidence that belief update size and belief uncertainty have distinct neural signatures that can be tracked in single trials in specific ERP components. This, in turn, provides evidence that the cognitive mechanisms underlying belief updating in humans can be described well within a Bayesian framework.
Serum thyroglobulin before and after iodization of salt: an 11-year DanThyr follow-up study
Authors: Krejbjerg Anne , Bjergved Lena , Pedersen Inge Bülow , Carlé Allan , Knudsen Nils , Perrild Hans , Ovesen Lars , Rasmussen Lone Banke , Laurberg Peter 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveOur objective was to investigate individual serum thyroglobulin (Tg) changes in relation to iodine fortification (IF) and to clarify possible predictors of these changes.DesignWe performed a longitudinal population-based study (DanThyr) in two regions with different iodine intake at baseline: Aalborg (moderate iodine deficiency (ID)) and Copenhagen (mild ID). Participants were examined at baseline (1997) before the mandatory IF of salt (2000) and again at follow-up (2008) after IF.MethodsWe examined 2465 adults and a total of 1417 participants with no previous thyroid disease and without Tg-autoantibodies were included in the analyses. Serum Tg was measured by immunoradiometric method. We registered participants with a daily intake of iodine from supplements in addition to IF.ResultsOverall, the follow-up period saw no change in median Tg in Copenhagen (9.1/9.1 μg/l,P=0.67) while Tg decreased significantly in Aalborg (11.4/9.0 μg/l,P<0.001). Regional differences were evident before IF (Copenhagen/Aalborg, 9.1/11.4 μg/l,P<0.001), whereas no differences existed after IF (9.1/9.0 μg/l,P=1.00). Living in Aalborg (P<0.001) and not using iodine supplements at baseline (P=0.001) predicted a decrease in Tg whereas baseline thyroid enlargement (P=0.02) and multinodularity (P=0.01) were associated with an individual increase in Tg during follow-up.ConclusionsAfter IF we observed a decrease in median Tg in Aalborg and the previously observed regional differences between Aalborg and Copenhagen had levelled out. Likewise, living in Aalborg was a strong predictor of an individual decrease in serum Tg. Thus, even small differences in iodine intake at baseline were very important for the individual response to IF.
MicroRNAs and Their Targets Are Differentially Regulated in Adult and Neonatal Mouse CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Wissink Erin M , Smith Norah L , Spektor Roman , Rudd Brian D , Grimson Andrew 
Published: September 2015

AbstractImmunological memory, which protects organisms from re-infection, is a hallmark of the mammalian adaptive immune system and the underlying principle of vaccination. In early life, however, mice and other mammals are deficient at generating memory CD8+ T cells, which protect organisms from intracellular pathogens. The molecular basis that differentiates adult and neonatal CD8+ T cells is unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are both developmentally regulated and required for normal adult CD8+ T cell functions. We used next-generation sequencing to identify mouse miRNAs that are differentially regulated in adult and neonatal CD8+ T cells, which may contribute to the impaired development of neonatal memory cells. The miRNA profiles of adult and neonatal cells were surprisingly similar during infection; however, we observed large differences prior to infection. In particular, miR-29 and miR-130 have significant differential expression between adult and neonatal cells before infection. Importantly, using RNA-Seq, we detected reciprocal changes in expression of messenger RNA targets for both miR-29 and miR-130. Moreover, targets that we validated include Eomes and Tbx21, key genes that regulate the formation of memory CD8+ T cells. Notably, age-dependent changes in miR-29 and miR-130 are conserved in human CD8+ T cells, further suggesting that these developmental differences are biologically relevant. Together, these results demonstrate that miR-29 and miR-130 are likely important regulators of memory CD8+ T cell formation and suggest that neonatal cells are committed to a short-lived effector cell fate prior to infection.
Maternal Versus Infant Vitamin D Supplementation During Lactation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hollis Bruce W. , Wagner Carol L. , Howard Cynthia R. , Ebeling Myla , Shary Judy R. , Smith Pamela G. , Taylor Sarah N. , Morella Kristen , Lawrence Ruth A. , Hulsey Thomas C. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVE:Compare effectiveness of maternal vitamin D3 supplementation with 6400 IU per day alone to maternal and infant supplementation with 400 IU per day.METHODS:Exclusively lactating women living in Charleston, SC, or Rochester, NY, at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum were randomized to either 400, 2400, or 6400 IU vitamin D3/day for 6 months. Breastfeeding infants in 400 IU group received oral 400 IU vitamin D3/day; infants in 2400 and 6400 IU groups received 0 IU/day (placebo). Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) &lt;50 nmol/L. 2400 IU group ended in 2009 as greater infant deficiency occurred. Maternal serum vitamin D, 25(OH)D, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations and urinary calcium/creatinine ratios were measured at baseline then monthly, and infant blood parameters were measured at baseline and months 4 and 7.RESULTS:Of the 334 mother-infant pairs in 400 IU and 6400 IU groups at enrollment, 216 (64.7%) were still breastfeeding at visit 1; 148 (44.3%) continued full breastfeeding to 4 months and 95 (28.4%) to 7 months. Vitamin D deficiency in breastfeeding infants was greatly affected by race. Compared with 400 IU vitamin D3 per day, 6400 IU/day safely and significantly increased maternal vitamin D and 25(OH)D from baseline (P &lt; .0001). Compared with breastfeeding infant 25(OH)D in the 400 IU group receiving supplement, infants in the 6400 IU group whose mothers only received supplement did not differ.CONCLUSIONS:Maternal vitamin D supplementation with 6400 IU/day safely supplies breast milk with adequate vitamin D to satisfy her nursing infant’s requirement and offers an alternate strategy to direct infant supplementation.
Intraurethral Lidocaine for Urethral Catheterization in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Poonai Naveen , Li Jennifer , Langford Cindy , Lepore Natasha , Taddio Anna , Gerges Sandra , Stitt Larry , Teefy John , Manji Karim , Castelo Matt , Rieder Michael , Qui Tingting , Matsui Doreen , Ali Samina 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVES:To determine whether lidocaine is superior to nonanesthetic lubricant (NAL) for relieving pain in children undergoing urethral catheterization (UC).METHODS:Children 0 to 24 months requiring UC were randomized to NAL or topical and intraurethral 2% lidocaine gel. Primary outcome was facial grimacing in the pre to during drug administration and catheterization phases. Secondary outcome was caregiver satisfaction by using a Visual Analog Scale.RESULTS:There were 133 participants (n = 68 lidocaine, n = 65 NAL). There were no significant differences in mean (SD) scores during UC between lidocaine and NAL (86.4% [121.5%] vs 85.2% [126.6%]), respectively (Δ [confidence interval (CI)] = −1.2 [−21.0 to 49.0], P = .4). There was a significantly greater difference in mean (SD) scores during instillation of lidocaine versus NAL (61.8% [105.6%] vs 3.2% [84.9%]), respectively (Δ [CI] –58.6 [–95.0 to –32.0], P &lt; .001). There were no significant differences in mean (SD) parental satisfaction scores between lidocaine and NAL (4.8 [3.2] vs 5.9 [2.9]), respectively (CI–0.1 to 2.2; P = .06). In the subgroup analysis, age, gender, and positive urine culture did not significantly influence between-group differences in facial grimacing.CONCLUSIONS:Compared with NAL, topical and intraurethral lidocaine is not associated with significant pain reduction during UC, but significantly greater pain during instillation. Therefore, clinicians may consider using noninvasive pain-reducing strategies for young children who require UC.
Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular functions in nondiabetic normotensive hemodialysis patients
Authors: Karavelioğlu Yusuf , Özkurt Sultan , Kalçik Macit , Karapinar Hekim , Arisoy Arif 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
Heart is affected structurally and functionally in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the data available about adverse effects of ESRD on right ventricle (RV) is scarce. We aimed to evaluate echocardiographic parameters of RV in nondiabetic, normotensive patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis (HD).

Methods
A total of 45 (24 women; mean age 52.4 ± 12.4 years) consecutive nondiabetic, normotensive patients with ESRD undergoing HD and 39 healthy age and sex-matched control subjects (22 women; mean age 50.3 ± 6.6 years) were enrolled in the study. M-mode and two dimensional images, color, pulsed and continuous wave Doppler, and tissue Doppler measurements were acquired from all subjects. Echocardiographic evaluation was performed in the days between HD dates of the patients.

Results
RV fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tricuspid E velocity, E/A ratio, tricuspid annular E′ velocity, and E′/A′ ratio were lower in patients than controls (p > 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.007, p = 0.005, p > 0.001, and p = 0.034, respectively). However, RV diastolic area, RV myocardial performance index, E/E′ ratio, and mean and systolic pulmonary artery pressure were higher in patients than controls (p > 0.001, p = 0.007, p = 0.005, p > 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively).

Conclusions
RV systolic and diastolic functions of nondiabetic, normotensive HD patients are deteriorated as compared to healthy controls.