bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal leadership and ethical procurement: the mediating influence of organization climate
Authors: Beth Muthoni Gloria 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
This paper aims to address the mediating influence of organization climate on the link between personal leadership and ethical procurement.

Design/methodology/approach
The study draws on the cross-sectional research design and uses paper-based self-administered questionnaires to gather data from 172 employees drawn from county referral hospitals in Kenya. The study uses census method targeting all the procurement staff within 12 county referral hospitals in Kenya.

Findings
Findings indicate that there is a “riddle of repressed personal leadership” in county referral hospitals. Whereas there is a positive relationship between personal leadership and ethical procurement, the relationship was not statically significant. However, organization climate fully mediates the relationship between personal leadership and ethical procurement.

Research limitations/implications
Some institutions and respondents had inhibitions and unwillingness to give information regarding their ethical status in procurement docket. Second, by relying wholly on questionnaires administered to procurement employees only, the study fails to account for the views of other staff who may exhibit other unique insights into the study variable. Third, the current study uses data from only Level 5 county referral hospitals in Kenya. Finally, this study focused on personal leadership, which is a composite of the three levels of leadership model. This limited the study from exploring other leadership models as they would affect ethical procurement.

Practical implications
County referral hospitals can bolster initiatives to awaken personal leadership level for every employee. An organization climate that fosters positive staff morale, motivation and reward is vital in shaping ethical procurement. Wedding out interferences to the procurement process both internally and externally is also vital. Procurement regulatory bodies, procurement professional bodies and county governments should establish measures to curb procurement process interferences. Procurement employees mentioned budgetary constraints to be adversely affecting procurement docket processes within in county referral hospitals. County governments ought to prioritize healthcare.

Social implications
The professionals ascertain that they find no meaning in their work, reason being that the incentives in county referral hospitals are not motivating. Further, there is a glaring interference with the procurement process both internally and externally. To further limit personal leadership, the findings indicate that employees are afraid of losing their jobs hence that cannot make authentic expressions to augment organizations ethical procurement.

Originality/value
The study makes a novel attempt to show the mediating influence of organization climate in the context of personal leadership and ethical procurement in county referral hospitals in Kenya. The study makes a significant contribution by using this leadership development model in an African context setting.
Ethical leadership, green innovation and environmental performance in the restaurant industry
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Alam Kainat 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
This study aims to examine how employees’ perception of the ethical conduct of their leaders affects their level of green innovation and environmental performance. Therefore, this study investigated green innovation as a mediator between ethical leadership and environmental performance, specifically within the context of Pakistani restaurants.

Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from the frontline employees using a convenience sampling method having a sample size of 213 respondents. The hypothesized model was analyzed through structural equation modeling using SmartPLS v3 software.

Findings
This study shows a (i) positive relationship between ethical leadership and environmental performance, (ii) positive association between ethical leadership and green innovation, (iii) positive relationship between green innovation and environmental performance and (iv) green innovation mediates between ethical leadership and environmental performance.

Research limitations/implications
This research suggests that top management of the restaurants needs to focus on exhibiting ethical leadership behavior, thereby fostering green innovation practices that will improve the environmental performance of Pakistani restaurants.

Originality/value
The current study is novel as it investigates the association between ethical leadership, green innovation and environmental performance, specifically within the context of Pakistani restaurants.
Environmental Variability Shapes Life History of the World's Birds
Authors: Youngflesh Casey , Kapsar Kelly , Uscanga Adriana , Williams Peter J. , Doser Jeffrey W. , Kounta Lala , Zarnetske Phoebe L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTheory suggests life history plays a key role in the ability of organisms to persist under fluctuating environmental conditions. However, the notion that environmental variability has shaped the distribution of life history traits across large spatial and taxonomic scales has gone largely untested using empirical data. Synthesising a collection of data resources on global climate, species traits, and species ranges, we quantified the role that environmental variability over time has played in shaping pace of life across the world's non‐migratory, non‐marine bird species (N = 7477). In support of existing theory, we found that species that experience high inter‐annual temperature variability tended to have a slower pace of life, while the opposite was true for high intra‐annual temperature variability. The effect of precipitation variability was less pronounced and more uncertain. These observed patterns were apparent despite the vastly different ecologies of our study species and evidence of strong phylogenetic constraint. Additionally, we highlight the importance of contextualising rates of environmental change in terms of the historical variability of environmental systems and species' pace of life. Species experiencing higher rates of relative environmental change, in terms of standard deviations per generation, may be most susceptible to climate change.
Exploring the ductile‐regime machining on cemented carbide: A perspective review
Authors: Wang Shuo , Liu Hanzhong , Wu Bing , Zong Wenjun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStrict requirements on the surface qualities of cemented carbide have been raised in the manufacturing of functional components and glass molding. However, the high hardness increases the difficulty in improving surface qualities. The application of ductile‐regime machining theory to improve the surface quality of cemented carbide is unsatisfactory because of the severe tool wear, varying factors and microstructure defects induced by stress. To illustrate the complex mechanism in the removal of cemented carbide, firstly, the theory of ductile‐regime machining for the cemented carbide are introduced. Secondly, methods for evaluating the mechanical properties of cemented carbide are discussed in terms of the microstructures. Thirdly, the conflicts between the traditional ductile‐regime machining theory and microstructure defects are analyzed, leading to proposed limitations and solutions for applying ductile‐regime machining to composite materials. In addition, the developments of ultra‐hard tools and energy field‐assisted machining techniques applied to the cemented carbide are summarized and discussed. Finally, the technical challenges and future solutions in this field are further pointed out.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use is associated with a lower risk of major adverse liver-related outcomes: a meta-analysis of observational cohort studies
Authors: Celsa Ciro , Pennisi Grazia , Tulone Adele , Ciancimino Giacinta , Vaccaro Marco , Infantino Giuseppe , Di Maria Gabriele , Pinato David J , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Enea Marco , Mantovani Alessandro , Tilg Herbert , Targher Giovanni , Cammà Calogero , Petta Salvatore 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have shown promising effects on liver histology in phase 2 trials enrolling patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. However, the impact of GLP-1RAs on the long-term risk of major adverse liver-related outcomes (MALOs) remains uncertain.ObjectiveWe performed a meta-analysis of observational cohort studies to quantify the magnitude and direction of the association between GLP-1RA use and MALOs in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).DesignWe systematically searched eligible cohort studies comparing GLP-1RA new users versus users of other glucose-lowering medications. The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence rates of MALOs. Secondary outcomes included hepatic decompensation events, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver-related mortality. Random-effects models were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs).Results11 retrospective cohort studies with aggregate data on 1 467 220 patients with T2D (647 903 GLP-1RA new users, 819 317 non-users) were included. GLP-1RA use was significantly associated with a lower risk of MALOs (IRR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.88) and hepatic decompensation (IRR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.94). Association with reduced risk of HCC was also observed (IRR 0.82, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.11). Compared with other antidiabetic medications, GLP-1RAs showed superior effectiveness versus SGLT2 inhibitors in preventing MALOs (IRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.99), versus DPP-4 inhibitors in preventing hepatic decompensation (IRR 0.74, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.83) and versus insulin therapy in preventing HCC (IRR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.80).ConclusionsGLP-1RA use is associated with a lower risk of liver-related complications and hepatic decompensation in people with T2D. These findings suggest a role of GLP-1RAs in preventing liver-related complications beyond their beneficial cardiometabolic effects.
Balancing the risk of major bleeding against vascular disease risk in people without atherosclerotic disease
Authors: Hammami Imen , Mafham Marion , Emberson Jonathan , Offer Alison , Hopewell Jemma C , Armitage Jane , Baigent Colin , Parish Sarah 
Published: February 2025

Background and aims
In the primary prevention setting, low-dose aspirin reduces major vascular events (MVEs) by approximately 11% but increases major bleeding (MB) by 40–50%, implying that net benefit will be most evident when the MVE-to-MB ratio is >4. This study aimed to derive cross-validated risk scores for MB and MVE and use the MVE-to-MB ratio to identify groups who may derive differing net benefits from treatment.

Methods
431 167 UK Biobank participants without known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at baseline were followed through record linkage for incident MVEs (myocardial infarction, non-haemorrhagic stroke, transient ischaemic attack, arterial revascularisation or vascular death) and MB (gastrointestinal and intracranial bleeds with hospital admission for ≥2 days). Risk scores were derived for MVE and MB using Cox proportional hazards models with cross-validation. Ratios of observed MVE-to-MB rates were calculated across risk categories.

Results
During a median follow-up of 12 years, 18 310 participants suffered an MVE and 5352 an MB. MB risk was highest among participants with frailty, prior bleeds, cancer, liver disease or renal dysfunction, with a 4.3-fold difference in risk between the highest and lowest fifths of MB risk (HR 4.3, 95% CI 3.87 to 4.77). The MVE-to-MB ratio was ≤2.6 in the highest MB risk groups and ≥4 in lower MB risk categories.

Conclusions
The derived models using routinely available disease history and laboratory measurements improved distinction of the MVE-to-MB ratio compared with using conventional models for MB risk including vascular risk factors. Such models can help identify those with moderate MVE risk but low MB risk who may benefit from low-dose aspirin.
Differential use of antidiabetic medication related to income, cohabitation and area of residence: a Swedish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Jonéus Paulina , Pasternak Björn , Odsbu Ingvild , Cesta Carolyn E , Bellocco Rino , Trolle Lagerros Ylva , Pazzagli Laura 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundPoor adherence to antidiabetic medication in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) may lead to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with non-adherence have been mainly identified via cross-sectional studies. To investigate the association between antidiabetic medication adherence and income, cohabitation and area of residence.MethodsRegister-based cohort study of individuals with T2D living in Sweden and initiating antidiabetic treatment between 2006 and 2022. Confounding adjustment and competing events were accounted for via inverse probability of treatment and censoring weighting. Exposures were disposable income, social income support, cohabitation status and area of residence. Outcomes were antidiabetic medication adherence during the first year from treatment initiation and treatment interruption at 12 and 60 months.ResultsThis study included 594 918 individuals with T2D. Low disposable income (adjusted OR: 1.18, 95% CI: (1.14 to 1.21)), social income support (1.09, (1.05 to 1.14)), living in large cities (1.28, (1.24 to 1.31)) and cohabitation (1.09, (1.06 to 1.11)) were associated with non-adherence (proportion of days covered ≤0.2), as compared with high adherence (proportion of days covered >0.8). Consistently, treatment interruption was associated with social income support (relative risk ratio at 12 months: 1.10, (1.06 to 1.14) and at 60 months 1.02 (1.00 to 1.05)), living in large cities (1.13, (1.12 to 1.14); 1.08, (1.07 to 1.08)) and low income (1.05, (1.03 to 1.07); 1.01, (1.00 to 1.02)).ConclusionsLow income levels, cohabitation and living in large cities were associated with non-adherence to antidiabetic medication and risk of treatment interruption. The results highlight the need for targeted interventions aiming at improving adherence to treatments both at patient and healthcare system levels.
The Causes and Consequences of Ordovician Cooling
Authors: Bergmann Kristin D. , Macdonald Francis A. , Swanson-Hysell Nicholas L. 
Published: February 2025

A long-term cooling trend through the Ordovician Period, from 487 to 443 Ma, is recorded by oxygen isotope data. Tropical ocean basins in the Early Ordovician were hot, which led to low oxygen concentrations in the surface ocean due to the temperature dependence of oxygen solubility. Elevated temperatures also increased metabolic demands such that hot shallow water environments had limited animal diversity as recorded by microbially dominated carbonates. As the oceans cooled through the Ordovician, animal biodiversity increased, leading to the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. The protracted nature of the cooling suggests that it was the product of progressive changes in tectonic boundary conditions. Low-latitude arc-continent collisions through this period may have increased global weatherability and decreased atmospheric CO2 levels. Additionally, decreasing continental arc magmatism could have lowered CO2 outgassing fluxes. The Ordovician long-term cooling trend culminated with the development of a large south polar ice sheet on Gondwana. The timescale of major ice growth and decay over the final 2 Myr of the Ordovician is consistent with Pleistocene-like glacial cycles driven by orbital forcing. The short duration of large-scale glaciation indicates a high sensitivity of ice volume to temperature with a strongly nonlinear response, providing a valuable analog for Neogene and future climate change.

▪
Oxygen isotope data record progressive and protracted cooling through the Ordovician leading up to the onset of Hirnantian glaciation.

▪
The gradual cooling trend is mirrored by an Ordovician radiation in biological diversity, consistent with temperature-dependent oxygen solubility and metabolism as a primary control.

▪
Long-term cooling occurred in concert with low-latitude arc-continent collisions and an increase in global weatherability. Although CO2 outgassing may have also decreased with an Ordovician decrease in continental arc length, in the modern, CO2 outgassing is variable along both continental and island arcs, leaving the relationship between continental arc length and climate uncertain.

▪
Evidence for significant ice growth is limited to less than 2 Myr of the Hirnantian Stage, suggesting a high sensitivity of ice growth to pCO2 and temperature.

▪
Independent estimates for ice volume, area, and sea level change during the Hirnantian glacial maximum are internally consistent and comparable to those of the Last Glacial Maximum.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Role of Obesity and Genetic Variants in Serum C-Reactive Protein Response to an Acute Fructose Load
Authors: Vennam Sai Sravani , Talevi Valentina , Venkataraman Geethika , Syed Rayyan Ahmed , Zhang Xinruo , Mass Baba B. , Voruganti Venkata Saroja 
Published: February 2025

33	Introduction: Excess fructose intake has been linked to increased risk for dyslipidemia, insulin,
34	resistance, hyperuricemia, inflammation, and obesity. In this human study, we investigated if serum
35	CRP concentrations change after fructose consumption, and whether genetic variants and
36	obesity status influences this change. Methods: Blood was drawn before and at four time points
37	after administration of a fructose load (n=57). Serum concentrations of CRP were measured,
38	and 11 single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1205, rs1417938, rs1470515, rs3093068,
39	rs6588158, rs16842568, rs2259820, rs157581, rs2794521, rs3093062, rs17700633),
40	previously associated with serum CRP were genotyped and assessed for their association with
41	CRP levels. Results: Participants identifying as White (n = 37) had higher mean CRP levels across
42	all time points compared to those identifying as Black (n = 20). Participants with obesity (BMI ≥ 30
43	kg/m2) (n = 25) were younger and had higher mean CRP levels throughout the study period
44	compared to those without (n = 32). All SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and their
45	effect allele frequencies ranged between 11and 96%. Baseline CRP was associated with CRP
46	SNPs rs1417938 and rs2794521 (p <0.005), with rs2794521 also associated with CRP response to
47	fructose challenge (p < 0.005). The variability in responses to fructose and genetic associations
48	were mainly observed in individuals without obesity. Obesity status was associated with early
49	changes in CRP (0-30 min and 30-60min) whereas CRP SNPs were associated with later changes
50	(60-120min and 120-180 min). Conclusion: Changes in serum CRP were associated with obesity
51	status or SNPs based on the time elapsed since fructose ingestion. Larger studies are needed to
52	confirm and validate these associations.
53
54
Evaluation of Sex-Related Differences in Cerebrovascular Bypass Patency: Review of 357 Direct Cerebral Bypasses
Authors: McGuire Laura Stone , Abou-Mrad Tatiana , Du Xinjian , Alaraj Ali , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Atwal Gursant , Charbel Fady T. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
Demographics and comorbid conditions play a role in vascular health, yet their specific impact on cerebrovascular bypass patency remains unclear.

METHODS:

An institutional database of 357 patients with intracranial bypass procedures between August 2001 and May 2022 was retrospectively reviewed. Patients with bypass for all causes (eg, aneurysm, atherosclerotic disease, moyamoya disease) were included. Medical history, surgical technique, and flow-related measurements (intraoperatively and on quantitative magnetic resonance angiography at follow-up) were compared across biological sex and in relation to bypass patency. Bonferroni correction was applied to the initial analysis (
P
≤0.00167). The remaining analyses were considered exploratory. Propensity score–matched analysis matched cardiovascular risk factors and compared women and men in bypass patency.

RESULTS:

Of 357 patients, 141 were men (39.5%) and 216 were women (60.5%) with average age of 49.0±16.7 years and an average follow-up of 1.97 years. Bypass patency at last follow-up was 84.4% (n=114) for men versus 69.2% (n=148) for women (
P
=0.001). Differences were seen in underlying diagnoses, with more aneurysm and moyamoya cases represented in female sex (
P
<0.001); irrespective of diagnosis, lower patency rates were seen in women when considering bypass for aneurysm (
P
=0.032), moyamoya disease (
P
=0.035), and for atherosclerotic disease (
P
=0.159). Medical comorbidities were seen at higher rates in men, with comorbidity score of 2.7 versus 2.1 (
P
<0.001). Cut flow was higher in men 59.2 versus 51.1 (
P
=0.028), with no differences in intraoperative bypass flow, cut flow index, or follow-up quantitative magnetic resonance angiography. After removing cases using interposition grafts, similar differences were redemonstrated. Propensity score–matched analysis found women have a 2.71 higher chance of bypass occlusion after adjusting for cut flow index (
P
=0.017 [95% CI, 1.19–6.18]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Biological sex appears to play a role in bypass patency, across diagnoses. Women were less likely to have patent bypasses at the last follow-up, despite having fewer medical comorbidities than men and despite having similar intraoperative and perioperative flows.
The Universe as a Great Human Being: Eco-Cosmology in Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ
Authors: Darraz Muhammad Abdullah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ecological crisis represents a significant challenge to our intellectual and spiritual understanding, reflecting a crisis in our comprehension of the relationship between humanity and the natural world. The reality of nature has been constrained by the limitations of human knowledge, which perceives nature as simply a physical entity devoid of its metaphysical and spiritual dimensions. Consequently, nature is regarded as a mere aggregation of inanimate objects that humans can treat indifferently. This research project aims to explore the concept of the universe as a great human being (al-ʿālam insān kabīr), an Islamic eco-cosmological concept formulated in the fourth/tenth century by a Muslim philosopher-scientist group called the Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ (fl. third-fourth/ninth-tenth centuries) in their magnum opus, Rasāʾil (“Epistles”). The Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ espouse a vision that is spiritually considerate of nature/the universe, based on a more holistic and ontological-metaphysical worldview. The Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ recognize the hierarchical structure of existence initiated by God as the origin of all that exists, encompassing both rational-metaphysical entities and physical entities. It is impossible to consider the physical entities in isolation from the metaphysical and the existence of God. In addition to examining the concept of the universe as a great human being, this paper will also investigate certain environmental issues based on the derived entities (al-mawjūdāt al-muwalladāt), including minerals, plants, animals, and humans.