bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging adolescents in research: Home self‐collection of biological samples and health questionnaires
Authors: Leung Cherry Y. , Chien Shao‐Yun , Weiss Sandra J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdolescent health research with biomarker data collection is limited due to difficulties in recruiting and engaging this age group. Thus, successful recruitment, engagement, and retention of adolescents in translational research are necessary to elucidate factors influencing mental and physical health conditions, uncover novel biomarkers, and expand prevention and treatment options. This paper describes strategies for effective recruitment and retention of adolescents in a research study, using a project examining depressive symptoms and the microbiome to illustrate these approaches. This cross‐sectional study collected electronic self‐reported survey data and self‐collected biospecimens (stool and salivary samples) from adolescents 13–19 years old. All but two participants completed the questionnaires, with few missing responses. 94% provided at least one salivary sample and 89% supplied a stool sample. Participants were able to adhere to the study instructions. Using a participant‐centered approach, our study successfully recruited and engaged the targeted 90 participants in self‐collection of electronic survey data and biospecimens. Successful strategies of recruitment and retention included: 1) on‐site clinic recruitment by research team, 2) active involvement of parents as appropriate, 3) use of electronic surveys and self‐collection of biospecimens to foster control and ease of participation while addressing privacy concerns, 4) noninvasive collection of data on biospecimen, 5) frequent texting to communicate with participants, 6) flexibility in the pickup and transferring of biospecimens to accommodate adolescent schedules, 7) developmentally appropriate research, 8) participant reimbursement, and 9) sensitivity toward discussing stool sample materials. As a result of these strategies, adolescent participation in the research proved feasible.
The pervasive influence of systems of power on transition readiness for adult care in sickle cell disease: A qualitative study
Authors: Prussien Kemar V. , Faust Haley L. , Crosby Lori E. , Smith‐Whitley Kim , Barakat Lamia P. , Schwartz Lisa A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdolescence and young adulthood are vulnerable developmental periods for individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), particularly given the impact of social inequities, challenges with transitioning to adult healthcare services, and increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Systems of power, such as institutionalized and interpersonal manifestations of bias, could impact SCD transfer and engagement in adult care through their influence on healthcare transition readiness; yet research in this area is limited.ObjectiveTo characterize how systems of power impact transition readiness factors described in the Social‐ecological Model of AYA Readiness for Transition to Promote Health Equity (SMART‐E) framework at the patient, caregiver, and practitioner levels.MethodsPediatric adolescents and young adults (AYA), transferred AYA, caregivers, and practitioners participated in semi‐structured focus groups and individual interviews examining health equity and systems of power during healthcare transition. Focus groups/interviews were transcribed and coded using a deductive approach via the updated SMART‐E framework.ResultsTen pediatric AYA with SCD, nine transferred AYA with SCD, eight caregivers, and nine practitioners participated in a focus group or interview. Qualitative findings across reporters emphasize the impact of systems of power (e.g., racial bias and disease stigma) on knowledge, skills and self‐efficacy, beliefs and expectations, goals and motivation, and emotions and psychosocial functioning at the patient, caregiver, and practitioner levels.ConclusionSystems of power are prevalent with respect to transition barriers for AYA with SCD and their supports. Structural, institutional, and individual factors with potential to reduce the influence of systems of power should be further identified and targeted for intervention.
Bone remodeling in survivors of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Impact of heavy resistance training
Authors: Krogh Lise Marie , Nissen Anne , Weischendorff Sarah , Hartmann Bolette , Andersen Jesper Løvind , Holst Jens Juul , Sørensen Kaspar , Fridh Martin Kaj , Mackey Abigail Louise , Müller Klaus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEarly‐onset osteoporosis is a frequent late effect after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It remains unknown if physical training can improve bone formation in these patients, as the transplantation procedure may cause sustained dysregulation of the bone‐forming osteoblast progenitor cells.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the effect of resistance training on bone remodeling in long‐term survivors of pediatric HSCT.ProcedureIn this prospective, controlled intervention study, we included seven HSCT survivors and 15 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. The participants completed a 12‐week heavy load, lower extremity resistance training intervention with three weekly sessions. We measured fasting serum levels of the bone formation marker “N‐terminal propeptide of type I procollagen” (P1NP), and the bone resorption marker “C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen” (CTX). The hypothesis was planned before data collection began. The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov before including the first participant, with trial registration no. NCT04922970.ResultsResistance training led to significantly increased levels of fasting P1NP in both patients (from 57.62 to 114.99 ng/mL, p = .03) and controls (from 66.02 to 104.62 ng/mL, p < .001). No significant changes in fasting CTX levels were observed.ConclusionsDespite previous high‐dose cytotoxic therapy, long‐term survivors of pediatric HSCT respond to resistance training with improvement of bone formation, comparable to that of healthy controls. This suggests that resistance training might be a promising non‐pharmacological approach to prevent the early decline in bone mass, and should be considered as part of a follow‐up program to counteract long‐term sequela after pediatric HSCT.
Effect of berberine on the hippocampal structure, biochemical factors, memory, and blood–brain barrier in rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia
Authors: Mehboodi Dariush , Shahedi Abbas , Namavar Mohammad Reza , Yadegari Maryam , Vakili Mahmood 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobal cerebral ischemia (GCI) results in damage to the neurons and leads to cognitive impairments. Berberine (BBR) is known for its neuroprotective qualities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BBR on memory, Blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, biochemical factors, and neuronal structure. Sixty‐three adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into Sham (21), GCI (21), and GCI + BBR (21) groups. The GCI + BBR group received 50 mg/kg of BBR for 7 days before and 6 h after 20 min of GCI induction. After 24 h, assessments included hippocampal neuronal structure, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels, memory performance, and BBB permeability. The GCI + BBR group reduced volume loss in the CA1 and its sublayers (oriens, pyramidal, and radiatum) compared to the GCI group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, the GCI + BBR group showed higher pyramidal neuron density (p < 0.0001) and number (p < 0.0001) compared to the GCI group. BBR also decreased MDA levels (p < 0.0001) and increased CAT activity (p < 0.0001) in the GCI + BBR group compared to the GCI group, with GPX and SOD activity approaching Sham levels (p < 0.0001, both). BBR demonstrated significant improvements in short and long‐term memory compared to the GCI group (p < 0.01, p < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, BBB permeability in the GCI + BBR group was significantly reduced compared to the GCI group (p < 0.0001). These findings demonstrated BBR's potential to protect the neurons in the CA1 and BBB structures, enhance antioxidant activity, and alleviate GCI‐induced memory impairments.
Diterpenoids from the Resin of Liquidambar formosana Hance and Their Anti‐inflammatory Activities
Authors: Babu Sura Madhu , Liu Xiao‐Ning , Cheng Yong‐Xian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLiquidambarine D (1), a new labdane‐type diterpenoid, and nineteen known compounds including five labdanes (2–6), eight abietanes (7–14), four pimaranes (16–19), and two nor‐diterpenoids (15, 20) were isolated from the resin of Liquidambar formosana Hance. The new compound was characterized by the combination of spectroscopic and computational methods. With the exception of 15‐hydroxydehydroabietic acid (13), all the known compounds were reported for the first time from the resins of Liquidambar species. All these isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, revealing that compounds, acetylisocupressic acid (3), (13S)‐15‐acetoxylabd‐8(17)‐en‐19‐oic acid (6), abietic acid (7), dehydroabietic acid (11), abieta‐8,11,13,15‐tetraen‐18‐oic acid (12), and 4‐epi‐isopimaric acid (16) could suppress lipopolysaccharide‐induced iNOS expression in RAW 264.7 cells and disclosing their structure activity relationships.
Optimizing Integrated‐Loss Capacities via Asymmetric Electronic Environments for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Liu Panbo , Zheng Shuyun , He Zizhuang , Qu Chang , Zhang Leqian , Ouyang Bo , Wu Fan , Kong Jie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAsymmetric electronic environments based on microscopic‐scale perspective have injected infinite vitality in understanding the intrinsic mechanism of polarization loss for electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption, but still exists a significant challenge. Herein, Zn single‐atoms (SAs), structural defects, and Co nanoclusters are simultaneously implanted into bimetallic metal‐organic framework derivatives via the two‐step dual coordination‐pyrolysis process. Theoretical simulations and experimental results reveal that the electronic coupling interactions between Zn SAs and structural defects delocalize the symmetric electronic environments and generate additional dipole polarization without sacrificing conduction loss owing to the compensation of carbon nanotubes. Moreover, Co nanoclusters with large nanocurvatures induce a strong interfacial electric field, activate the superiority of heterointerfaces and promote interfacial polarization. Benefiting from the aforementioned merits, the resultant derivatives deliver an optimal reflection loss of −58.9 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth is 5.2 GHz. These findings provide an innovative insight into clarifying the microscopic loss mechanism from the asymmetric electron environments viewpoint and inspire the generalized electronic modulation engineering in optimizing EM wave absorption.
Double‐Phase‐Networking Polyimide Hybrid Aerogel with Exceptional Dimensional Stability for Superior Thermal Protection System
Authors: Liu Chun , Wang Mingkang , Wang Jing , Xu Guangyu , Zhang Sizhao , Ding Feng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolyimide aerogels have been extensively used in thermal protection domain because they possess a combination of intrinsic characteristics of aerogels and unique features of polyimide. However, polyimide aerogels still suffer significant thermally induced shrinkage at temperatures above 200 °C, restricting their application at high temperature. Here, a novel “double‐phase‐networking” strategy is proposed for fabricating a lightweight and mechanically robust polyimide hybrid aerogel by forming silica–zirconia‐phase networking skeletons, which possess exceptional dimensional stability in high‐temperature environments and superior thermal insulation. The rational mechanism responsible for the formation of double‐phase‐networking aerogel is further explained, generally attributing to chemical crosslinking reactions and supramolecular hydrogen bond interactions derived from the main chains of polyimide and silane/zirconia precursor/sol. The as‐prepared aerogels exhibit excellent high‐temperature (270 °C) dimensional stability (5.09% ± 0.16%), anti‐thermal‐shock properties, and low thermal conductivity. Moreover, the hydrophobic treatment provides aerogels high water resistance with water contact angle of 136.9°, further suggestive of low moisture content of 3.6% after exposure to 70 °C and 85% relative humidity for 64 h. The proposed solution for significantly enhancing high‐temperature dimensional stability and thermal insulation provides a great supporting foundation for fabricating high‐performance organic aerogels as thermal protection materials in aerospace.
Causes and consequences of feline haemothorax: A retrospective case series
Authors: Turner Rachel , Humm Karen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to describe the causes of haemothorax in cats, patient presentation and outcome.MethodsThis was a retrospective study based in a university teaching hospital. The electronic case records of cats presenting with a haemothorax between January 2005 and January 2023 were searched. Cases were categorised into ‘trauma’, ‘neoplasia’, ‘coagulopathy’ or ‘other’. Signalment, physical examination, clinical pathology findings, concurrent injuries and diagnostic imaging findings were recorded. The median hospitalisation time was calculated, and survival to discharge was noted.ResultsTwenty‐five cats were eligible for inclusion. Twenty cases of haemothorax were traumatic in origin, two were neoplastic, two were ‘other’ and one was coagulopathic. Increased respiratory rate (n = 22) and effort (n = 20) were common, and most patients were anaemic at presentation (n = 16). Common concurrent injuries included pulmonary contusions (n = 15) and pneumothorax (n = 11). The median hospitalisation time for the trauma cats was 5 days (range 1‒15). Overall, 83.3% of the cases survived to discharge.LimitationsThe limitations of this study are related to its retrospective nature and the relatively small number of cats in the study population.ConclusionHaemothorax requiring a thoracocentesis in cats is rare, with trauma being the most likely cause. These patients tend to have concurrent injuries and require ongoing hospitalisation. Owners can be advised that the short‐term outcome is generally favourable.
Effects of irradiation on the survival of Sarcocystis bradyzoites in beef
Authors: Azizi Saied , Hajipour Nasser , Hassanzadeh Parviz , Ketzis Jennifer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSarcocystis is a food‐borne zoonotic protozoan whose final hosts are humans, dogs, cats, and other carnivores and intermediate hosts are birds and mammals, especially humans and herbivores. Humans become infected by eating raw and undercooked meat contaminated with bradyzoites or by consuming water or food contaminated with the sporocyst stage of the parasite.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gamma radiation and electron beam on the survival rate of Sarcocystis bradyzoites in infected beef and to determine the effective dose.MethodsThree replicates of 100 g of infected meat were treated with different doses (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 kGy). As a control, 20 g of contaminated meat was stored separately at 4°C. The viability of the bradyzoites after digestion in pepsin solution was assessed, stained (trypan blue) and unstained, under a stereomicroscope. To assess survival of the bradyzoites, the irradiated meat samples were fed to 30 dogs. After 10 days, faecal samples were examined for sporocysts.ResultsThe results showed that the highest and lowest mortality rate of Sarcocystis bradyzoites in infected organs using electron beam at a dose of 2 kGy were 92.5% and 100%, respectively, and the lowest mortality rate at a dose of 0.5 kGy were 2.5% and 7.89%, respectively.ConclusionThe results of statistical analysis showed that the mortality rate of Sarcocystis bradyzoites was significant between different doses of gamma ray and electron beam, so that gamma rays were better compared to electron beam in destroying Sarcocystis bradyzoites.
Variational approaches to the elasticity of deformable strings with and without mass redistribution
Authors: Giordano Stefano 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe catenary is a curve that has played a significant role in the history of mathematics, finding applications in various disciplines such as mechanics, technology, architecture, the arts, and biology. In this paper, we introduce some generalizations by applying the variational method to deformable strings. We explore two specific cases: (i) in the first case, we investigate the nonlinear behavior of an elastic string with variable length, dependent on the applied boundary conditions; specifically, this analysis serves to introduce the variational method and demonstrate the process of finding analytical solutions; (ii) in the second case, we examine a deformable string with a constant length; however, we introduce mass redistribution within the string through nonlinear elastic interactions. In the first scenario, the deformation state of the string always describes elongation, as compression states prove to be unstable for fully flexible strings. In contrast, in the second scenario, the finite length constraint induces compressive states in specific configurations and regions of the string. However, it is worth noting that the solution to this problem exists only for values of the elastic constant that are not too low, a phenomenon that is studied in detail. We conduct here both analytical and graphical analyses of various geometries, comparing the elastic behavior of the two aforementioned types of strings. Understanding the elastic behavior of deformable strings, especially the second type involving mass redistribution, is crucial for enhancing comprehension in the study of biological filaments or fibers and soft matter. For instance, these investigations can contribute to understanding the mechanisms employed by cells to sense gravity or other mechanical conditions.
Facework in Patient Requests for Treatment Recommendations in Korean Medical Interactions: The Use of Main Clause Omission
Authors: Park Yujong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis studyexamined the involvementof facework in main clause omissions employed by patients when performing requests. The data were drawn from a corpus of videotaped primary care visits collected from Korean medical practitioners. Drawing on previous work on faceworkin politeness research, requests in conversation analytic research, and main clause ellipsis in Korean, the study found that main clause omissions provided a mechanism for patients to minimize any threats to the participants’ face when requesting a prescription for a treatment plan. By employing this practice, patients were able to prove the relevance for a proposed treatment without directly requesting it. By only providing the relevance for a specific type of treatment by omitting the main clause, the patient allowed the doctor to indirectly reject or grant the request. The analysis allowed the notion of facework to be respecified as one emerging from both participants’ joint construction of the sequential unfolding of the interaction. This study supports the view that face is a discursive, interactional, and social accomplishment by examining a linguistic practice employed primarily by patients in Korean medical interactions. The role of epistemic imbalance and asymmetry in this setting is also discussed.
“할미 마음이 아파요”: Korean Honorific Speech Level Markers as Contextualization Cues in Family Instant Messages
Authors: Choe Hanwool 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBringing together Goffman’s (1981) concept of footing, Gumperz’s (1982) notion of contextualization cues, and Tannen’s (1994, 2007) ambiguity and polysemy of power and solidarity, I carry out a qualitative discourse analysis study that investigates how the management of power and solidarity and the construction of family-related identities are signaled through the honorific speech level markers in family instant messages. For this study, I examine naturally occurring instant messages of three Korean families(-in-law) via KakaoTalk, a free instant messaging application. The message exchanges include different types of family members interacting with each other, such as between mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law, between a married couple of the same age, and between grandmothers and (virtually present) grandchildren. Family members use the deferential and polite speech level markers as (1) an egalitarian marker; (2) a face-saving marker; (3) a footing marker; and (4) an affective marker. Illuminating language use in contemporary family discourse via instant messages, the chapter demonstrates how the use of the honorific speech level markers neither always adheres to politeness nor is necessarily regulated by traditional social factors such as age, roles, and status. I therefore demonstrate how the speech level markers actually work in everyday family instant messages.
“What Does Hyung Mean Please?”: Moments of Teaching and Learning About Korean (Im)politeness on an Online Streaming Platform of Korean TV Drama
Authors: Locher Miriam A. , Messerli Thomas C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper we combine an interest in the pragmatics of fiction with interpersonal pragmatics by exploring how Korean (im)politeness norms surface and are negotiated in fictional TV drama. Our data is derived from the streaming platform Viki.com, which allows viewers to comment on the episodes they stream. Building on previous work by (Locher, Journal of Pragmatics 170:139–155, 2020), we first report on the pervasive occurrence of scenes containing ‘moments of relational work’ in Korean TV drama and then explore how viewers comment on this very relational work. While our quantitative results show that viewers do indeed pick up on (im)politeness negotiations (in linguistic and embodied, multimodal form), this finding is relativized by the many other functions that the comments also have. Nevertheless, we are able to show question–answer sequences about relational work and identity ‘moments of teaching and learning’ about Korean (im)politeness in this online fan community.