bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary tuberculosis masquerading as a mass cancer lesion: A rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Fatima Gohar , Ahmed Zafar , Akhtar Ayesha , Rehman Syed Tabish , Ali Sajjad , Anan Mahfuza 
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical MessageDespite being generally treatable and preventative, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is one of the most common infectious agents that cause death. Misdiagnosis of TB frequently leads to unwarranted diagnostic procedures and postpones the start of treatment.AbstractPulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) can present with various unusual radiological and clinical characteristics. Misdiagnosis of TB frequently leads to unwarranted diagnostic procedures and postpones the start of treatment. Here, we describe a 50‐year‐old man who presented with a cancerous‐type lesion on radiological findings and atypical symptoms that led to an initial diagnosis of lung cancer. However, histopathology and biopsy of the lung lesion revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis, confirming PTB as the true cause, with no further indications of malignancy.
Evolution of Correlated Morphological and Structural Disorder in Boehmite‐Derived Alumina with Progressive Calcination
Authors: Sudheer Nivedita , Sharna Sharmin , Rouchon Virgile , Ihiawakrim Dris , Lenertz Marc , Levitz Pierre , Rabu Pierre , Ersen Ovidiu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study explores the morphological and structural transformation of boehmite (AlOOH) into transition aluminas during calcination, a pathway crucial for diverse industrial applications. The primary focus is on the topotactic transformation of boehmite into γ‐Al2O3 and its subsequent transitions into higher temperature polymorphs, culminating in α‐Al2O3. Utilizing a combination of in situ X‐ray diffraction, in situ and ex situ transmission electron microscopy, 27Al solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen physisorption, and mercury porosimetry, this work provides insights into the morphological and structural reordering during the calcination process. Furthermore, the study highlights the significant impact of thermal processing on the morphological evolution of boehmite and transition aluminas, characterized by changes in pore structure sizes and shapes. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing the properties of alumina‐based materials for specific applications.
Unsupported Nanoporous Copper Catalyst for the Carboxylation of Terminal Alkynes with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Xu Linxing , Wang Yunpeng , Song Jiliang , Feng Xiujuan , Wu Chaolin , Lu Wenchao , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Bao Ming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn unsupported nanoporous copper catalyst (CuNPore) with highly bicontinuous nanostructure was prepared by a chemical dealloying method. Various characterization methods were used to investigate the structure and composition of CuNPore, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Active species of cuprous oxide were found on the surface of CuNPore catalyst. The nanoporous structure and the presence of Cu(I) enable CuNPore to catalyze the carboxylation reaction of terminal alkynes with CO2 under mild conditions. A wide range of terminal alkynes were tolerated to afford the alkynyl carboxylic acids in good to excellent yields. CuNPore catalyst can be easily recovered and recycled five times without any loss of activity.
Multi‐Catalytic Metal‐Based Homogeneous‐Heterogeneous Systems in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Arango‐Daza Juan Camilo , Rivero‐Crespo Miguel A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe combination of metal‐based homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in the same reaction media is a powerful, yet relatively unexplored approach in organic chemistry. This strategy can address important limitations associated with purely homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis such as the incompatibility of different catalytic species in solution, or the limited tunability of solid catalysts, respectively. Moreover, the facile reusability of the solid catalyst, contributes to increase the overall sustainability of the process. As a result, this semi‐heterogeneous multi‐catalytic approach has unlocked significant advances in organic chemistry, improving existing reactions and even enabling the discovery of novel transformations, exemplified by the formal alkane metathesis. This concept article aims to showcase the benefits of this strategy through the exploration of diverse relevant examples from the literature, hoping to spur research on new metal‐based homogeneous‐heterogeneous catalyst combinations that will result in reactivity challenging to achieve by conventional homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis alone.
An Experimental Approach to Overcome the Fouling Issue in Micro Heat Exchangers
Authors: Aselmeyer Felicitas , Spiegel Christoph , Augustin Wolfgang , Scholl Stephan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicro heat exchangers improve heat and mass transfer compared to conventional heat exchangers, enabling more energy‐efficient applications. However, their sensitivity to fouling limits broader industrial application. This approach presents a combined investigation of fouling and cleaning in microscale heat exchangers using two test rigs. Individual sets of analysis methods are developed to improve the understanding of heat and mass transfer on the microscale. In addition to known methods, such as pressure loss analysis, newly developed and established image analysis techniques are used to monitor fouling and cleaning. Based on the presented methods, it is possible to predict the initial position of thermally induced fouling and to demonstrate the applicability of automated cleaning on the microscale.
Modular Assembly of Six‐Membered Carbocyclic Spirooxindoles via Peterson Olefination/Michael Addition/C(sp3) Arylation Cascade
Authors: Jia Feng‐Cheng , Yuan Zi‐Yi , Luo Na , Gu Shuang‐Xi , Hu Xiao‐Qiang 
Published: July 2024

Comprehensive SummaryConcise assembly of spirooxindoles is of great significance but a challenging task in modern organic synthesis. Described herein is an unusual base‐promoted [4+2] spiroannulation of rarely used isatin‐derived β‐silylcarbinols with o‐halogen aromatic ketones, which enables rapid and modular synthesis of six‐membered carbocyclic spirooxindoles in high yields with excellent functional group tolerance (> 50 examples). Mechanistic experiments revealed that this reaction involved a Peterson olefination, Michael addition and intramolecular C(sp3) arylation cascade. The variegated synthetic derivatization of target products and successful construction of bioactive molecules further illustrate the synthetic potential in spirooxindole‐related drug discovery.
Regulating the Photoisomerization of Covalent Organic Framework for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution†
Authors: Huang Xingye , Guo Jia 
Published: July 2024

Comprehensive SummaryCovalent organic framework (COF) is a desirable platform to tailor electronic properties for improving photocatalytic performances. However, the study on excited‐state configurations that determine photogenerated carrier dynamics has long been neglected. Herein, we concentrate on the molecular design of β‐ketoenamine‐linked COFs to drive their photoisomerization via the excited‐state intra‐molecular proton transfer (ESIPT), which can induce the partial keto‐to‐enol tautomerization and accordingly rearrange the photoinduced charge distribution. We demonstrate that the push‐pull electronic effect of functional side groups attached on the framework linkers is directly correlated with the ESIPT process. The phenylene linkers modified with electron‐withdrawing cyano‐groups reinforce the ESIPT‐induced tautomerization, leading to the in situ partial enolization for extended π‐conjugation and rearranged electron‐hole distribution. In contrast, the electron‐rich linkers limit the photoisomerization of COF and suppress the photoinduced electron accumulation. Thus, the maximum hydrogen evolution rate is achieved by the cyano‐modified COF, reaching as high as 162.72 mmol·g–1·h–1 with an apparent quantum efficiency of 13.44% at 475 nm, which is almost 11.5‐fold higher than those of analogous COFs with electron‐rich linkers. Our work opens up an avenue to control over the excited‐state structure transformation for enhanced photochemical applications.
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Labelled PCL‐PEG‐PCL Copolymer as Delivery System of Capsaicin
Authors: Ferrentino Nancy , Mariastella Caputo Tania , Cusano Angela Maria , Aliberti Anna , Cusano Andrea , Pappalardo Daniela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmphiphilic block copolymers, made of biocompatible polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), due to their ability to self‐assemble in water into nanoscopic micelles, have been largely exploited for drug delivery systems (DDS). This study introduces a novel approach by synthesizing a fluorescein isothiocyanate FITC‐labelled PCL‐PEG‐PCL triblock copolymer, with the aim to develop a drug delivery system for natural bioactive. As a proof of concept, the FITC‐labelled PCL‐PEG‐PCL copolymer is applied for the preparation of micelles encapsulating into the core capsaicin (CP), a pungent alkaloid found in chili peppers with diverse therapeutic applications. Challenges associated with CP′s solubility, bioavailability, and stability are addressed using this DDS. Comprehensive characterization of FITC‐labelled copolymer is conducted using a range of analytical techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Key properties such as critical micelle concentration, CP loading, and release behavior are thoroughly investigated and compared with the characteristics of the unlabeled parent copolymer. This research pioneers the investigation of PCL‐PEG‐PCL triblock copolymers for CP delivery, along with the use of FITC‐labelled variants, opening new avenues for research in drug delivery and nanomedicine.
Techniques for improving the specificity of sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐based drug screening
Authors: Steel Rohan , Botteon Antony , Timms Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractELISA assays are commonly used for drug screening by racing laboratories but are known to suffer from limited specificity. Inaccurate ELISA screening results are typically produced by non‐specific antibody interactions or by the retention of chromogenic material in the sample well due to sample degradation. While confirmation of drug positives can be achieved by mass spectrometry, the follow‐up of inaccurate ELISA screening results represents an unnecessary cost in staff time and reagents. This is particularly true in the case of rhEPO screening using sandwich ELISA assays, where the confirmation method requires up to 3 days to perform. While most racing laboratories purchase commercial ELISA kits, these products can be customised to provide increased specificity for enhanced screening of positive samples. The specificity of commercial sandwich ELISA kits can be improved by a variety of mechanisms including the addition of competing analyte specific antibodies, substitution of capture antibodies or by performing ELISA analysis with and without capture antibodies. Non‐specific signals in difficult matrices such as canine urine can also be reduced by the addition of BSA solutions to the ELISA plate prior to the addition of samples.
Exploring depth‐related patterns of sponge diversity and abundance in marginal reefs
Authors: Morais Juliano , Cordeiro Igor L. , Medeiros Aline P. M. , Santos George G. , Santos Bráulio A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMarine sponges play a vital role in the reef's benthic community; however, understanding how their diversity and abundance vary with depth is a major challenge, especially on marginal reefs in areas deeper than 30 m. To help bridge this gap, we used underwater videos at 24 locations between 2‐ and 62‐meter depths on a marginal reef system in the Southwestern Atlantic to investigate the effect of depth on the sponge metacommunity. Specifically, we quantified the abundance, density, and taxonomic composition of sponge communities, and decomposed their gamma (γ) diversity into alpha (α) and beta (β) components. We also assessed whether beta diversity was driven by species replacement (turnover) or by nesting of local communities (nestedness). We identified 2020 marine sponge individuals, which belong to 36 species and 24 genera. As expected, deep areas (i.e., those greater than 30 m) presented greater sponge abundance and more than eightfold the number of sponges per square meter compared to shallow areas. About 50% of the species that occurred in shallow areas (<30 m) also occurred in deep areas. Contrarily to expectations, alpha diversity of rare (0Dα), typical (1Dα), or dominant (2Dα) species did not vary with depth, but the shallow areas had greater beta diversity than the deep ones, especially for typical (1Dβ) and dominant (2Dβ) species. Between 92.7% and 95.7% of the beta diversity was given by species turnover both inside and between shallow and deep areas. Our results support previous studies that found greater sponge abundance and density in deep areas and reveal that species sorting is stronger at smaller depths, generating more beta diversity across local communities in shallow than deep areas. Because turnover is the major driver at any depth, the entire depth gradient should be considered in management and conservation strategies.
Revisiting Wolbachia detections: Old and new issues in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and other insects
Authors: Ross Perran A. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWolbachia continue to be reported in species previously thought to lack them, particularly Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The presence of Wolbachia in this arbovirus vector is considered important because releases of mosquitoes with transinfected Wolbachia are being used around the world to suppress pathogen transmission and these efforts depend on a lack of Wolbachia in natural populations of this species. We previously assessed papers reporting Wolbachia in natural populations of Ae. aegypti and found little evidence that seemed convincing. However, since our review, more and more papers are emerging on Wolbachia detections in this species. Our purpose here is to evaluate these papers within the context of criteria we previously established but also new criteria that include the absence of releases of transinfections within the local areas being sampled which has contaminated natural populations in at least one case where novel detections have been reported. We also address the broader issue of Wolbachia detection in other insects where similar issues may arise which can affect overall estimates of this endosymbiont more generally. We note continuing shortcomings in papers purporting to find natural Wolbachia in Ae. aegypti which are applicable to other insects as well.
Far away from home? Ancient DNA shows the presence of bicolored shrew (Crocidura leucodon) in Bronze Age Denmark
Authors: Mousavi‐Derazmahalleh Mahsa , Haue Niels , Kanstrup Marie , Laursen Jørgen T. , Lukehurst Sherralee S. , Kveiborg Jacob , Allentoft Morten E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn excavation of an Early Iron Age village near Aalborg in Denmark uncovered the jaws and skull fragments from a small mammal that were morphologically identified to the genus Crocidura (white‐toothed shrews). Three Crocidura species are known from prehistoric continental Europe but none of them are distributed in Scandinavia, which is why this surprising finding warranted further analyses. The bone was radiocarbon‐dated to 2840–2750 calibrated years before present (cal. BP), corresponding to the Late Bronze Age and hence earlier than the Iron Age archeological context in which it was found. Using highly optimized ancient DNA protocols, we extracted DNA from one tooth and shotgun‐sequenced the sample to reconstruct a near‐complete mitochondrial reference genome (17,317 bp, 32.6× coverage). Phylogenetic analyses determined this specimen as a bicolored shrew (Crocidura leucodon) but with a phylogenetic position basal to the clade of known sequences from this species. The confirmation of Crocidura presence in Denmark by the Late Bronze Age sheds new light on the prehistoric natural history of Scandinavia. We discuss the implications of this finding from both zoo‐archeological and ecological perspectives. Furthermore, the mitochondrial genome reconstructed in this study offers a valuable resource for future research exploring the genetic makeup and evolutionary history of Eurasian shrew populations.
How to find a wolverine: Factors affecting detection at wolverine (Gulo gulo) bait stations in western Canada
Authors: Kortello Andrea , Hausleitner Doris , Mowat Garth , Barrueto Mirjam , Heim Nicole , Larson Lisa , Lucid Michael , Clevenger Anthony 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh individual detection success enables precise estimates of density and the ability to monitor trends in abundance for wolverine and other low‐density species, information that is critical for the implementation and assessment of conservation measures. We evaluated a dataset that included six different wolverine capture–recapture studies over a large gradient in wolverine (Gulo gulo) density to provide recommendations for increasing detection. We examined factors related to bait station components, habitat, and seasonal timing. Accounting for variation in wolverine density and trap duration, our results suggest that bait stations setups having a run pole, frame, and camera to photograph unique ventral color patterns, in addition to hair snag devices, identify more individual wolverine than those without. The presence of snow is a habitat feature that also increases individual detection. Female detection rates were lower than male detection rates at the onset of the reproductive denning season in late February and early March compared with January and early February. We found latency to detection was independent of wolverine density, but greater in areas with human influence. Relatively high rates of genotyping success (55%) were predicted by even a single guard hair left at bait stations, while underfur required ~15 hairs for similar success. Longer sampling intervals reduced genotyping success in spring, more so for underfur than guard hair. Hair samples acquired from barbwire were of higher quality than those from either alligator clips or gun brushes. To improve individual detection for wolverine inventory and monitoring, we recommend deploying run pole setups in areas with low human disturbance that will retain snow into late spring. Extending the winter trapping effort into April and May could increase the chances of detecting denning females. Latency to detection suggests that traps should be active for more than a month, especially in human‐influenced areas, but genotyping success suggests that traps should also be cleared of hair samples at smaller intervals of a month or less, during late winter/spring.
How can geomorphology facilitate a better understanding of glacier and ice sheet behaviour?
Authors: Jones Richard S. , Miller Lauren E. , Westoby Matthew J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlaciers and ice sheets are an integral part of Earth's system, advancing and retreating in response to changes in climate. Clues about the past, present and future behaviour of these ice masses are found throughout current and former glaciated landscapes. In this commentary, we outline recent scientific advances from a collection of articles in which geomorphological evidence is used to inform us about the behaviour of glaciers and ice sheets across a range of spatial (landform to continent) and temporal (seasons to millennia) scales. Through a diversity of approaches including field measurements, remote sensing and numerical modelling, these studies build on an extensive background literature to deepen our understanding of how ice flows, how glaciers and ice sheets respond to climate change, and of the processes of ice advance and retreat and the stability of the system. Further integration of knowledge across the fields of geomorphology and glaciology will have tangible benefits for managing the societal and environmental impacts of glacier change and for improved projections of sea‐level rise over the coming decades to centuries.
Subpixel motion artifacts correction and motion estimation for 3D‐OCT
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhong Haozhe , Wang Sainan , He Bin , Cao Liangqi , Li Ming , Jiang Miaowen , Li Qin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA number of hardware‐based and software‐based strategies have been suggested to eliminate motion artifacts for improvement of 3D‐optical coherence tomography (OCT) image quality. However, the hardware‐based strategies have to employ additional hardware to record motion compensation information. Many software‐based strategies have to need additional scanning for motion correction at the expense of longer acquisition time. To address this issue, we propose a motion artifacts correction and motion estimation method for OCT volumetric imaging of anterior segment, without requirements of additional hardware and redundant scanning. The motion correction effect with subpixel accuracy for in vivo 3D‐OCT has been demonstrated in experiments. Moreover, the physiological information of imaging object, including respiratory curve and respiratory rate, has been experimentally extracted using the proposed method. The proposed method offers a powerful tool for scientific research and clinical diagnosis in ophthalmology and may be further extended for other biomedical volumetric imaging applications.
Ovarian cancer identification technology based on deep learning and second harmonic generation imaging
Authors: Kang Bingzi , Chen Siyu , Wang Guangxing , Huang Yuhang , Wu Han , He Jiajia , Li Xiaolu , Xi Gangqin , Wu Guizhu , Zhuo Shuangmu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOvarian cancer is among the most common gynecological cancers and the eighth leading cause of cancer‐related deaths among women worldwide. Surgery is among the most important options for cancer treatment. During surgery, a biopsy is generally required to screen for lesions; however, traditional case examinations are time consuming and laborious and require extensive experience and knowledge from pathologists. Therefore, this study proposes a simple, fast, and label‐free ovarian cancer diagnosis method that combines second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging and deep learning. Unstained fresh human ovarian tissues were subjected to SHG imaging and accurately characterized using the Pyramid Vision Transformer V2 (PVTv2) model. The results showed that the SHG imaged collagen fibers could quantify ovarian cancer. In addition, the PVTv2 model could accurately differentiate the 3240 SHG images obtained from our imaging collection into benign, normal, and malignant images, with a final accuracy of 98.4%. These results demonstrate the great potential of SHG imaging techniques combined with deep learning models for diagnosing the diseased ovarian tissues.