bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of COVID 19 pandemic on the neurology department hospitalization with analysis of the neurological complications secondary to COVID 19 and vaccination against COVID 19
Authors: Matsuzono Kosuke , Mieno Makiko , Mashiko Takafumi , Anan Yuhei , Ozawa Tadashi , Koide Reiji , Tanaka Ryota , Kimura Akio , Fujimoto Shigeru 
Published: August 2024

Objective: We investigated the effect of the pandemic on neurological hospitalizations and complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection or vaccinations. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of patients hospitalized in our neurology division from 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2022 as the opt-out study. We classified the neurological diseases into nine subgroups, evaluated changes of neurological disease characteristics, and analyzed patients hospitalized with the complications from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection or after the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination over three eras based on the pandemic stages: (1) pre-pandemic, (2) during the pandemic but before vaccines, and (3) during the pandemic with vaccines. Results: Overall, 1756 patients were included in the analyses. The patient characteristics significantly changed throughout the pandemic ( p < 0.01). Although the number of autoimmune cases did not change throughout the pandemic ( p = 0.53), that of psychological cases and that of unknown cases were significantly changed ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01). There were four infectious cases and 11 cases following vaccination from 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2022. The 11 postvaccination cases involved 10 kinds of neurological diseases. Conclusions: The neurological characteristics significantly changed throughout the pandemic and there were diverse neurological complications following vaccinations.
Long COVID symptoms and demographic associations: A retrospective case series study using healthcare application data
Authors: Sunkersing David , Goodfellow Henry , Mu Yi , Ramasawmy Mel , Murali Mayur , Adams Lawrence , FitzGerald Ted J , Blandford Ann , Stevenson Fiona , Bindman Julia , Robson Chris , Banerjee Amitava 
Published: August 2024

Objectives To investigate long COVID (LC) symptoms self-reported via a digital application. Explore associations between various demographic factors and intensity of LC symptoms. Design A retrospective case series study. We analysed self-reported symptoms from 1008 individuals with LC between November 30, 2020, and March 23, 2022. Setting England and Wales. Participants Individuals with LC using the healthcare application in 31 post-COVID-19 clinics and self-reporting LC symptoms. Main outcome measures Highest reported LC symptoms, associations with demographic factors and intensity of symptoms. Results 109 symptom categories were identified, with pain (26.5%), neuropsychological issues (18.4%), fatigue (14.3%) and dyspnoea (7.4%) the most prevalent. The intensity of reported symptoms increased by 3.3% per month since registration. Age groups 68–77 and 78–87 experienced higher symptom intensity (32.8% and 86% higher, respectively) compared to the 18–27 age group. Women reported 9.2% more intense symptoms than men, and non-white individuals with LC reported 23.5% more intense symptoms than white individuals with LC. Higher education levels (national vocational qualification (NVQ) 3 to NVQ 5) were associated with less symptom intensity (27.7%, 62.8% and 44.7% less, respectively) compared to the least educated (NVQ 1–2). People in less deprived areas had less intense symptoms than those in the most deprived area. No significant association was found between index of multiple deprivation (IMD) decile and number of symptoms. Conclusion Treatment plans must prioritise addressing prevalent LC symptoms; we recommend sustained support for LC clinics. Demographic factors significantly influence symptom severity, underlining the need for targeted interventions. These findings can inform healthcare policies to better manage LC.
Personal goal setting eHealth component associated with improved weight loss at 6 months: A mixed methods secondary analysis
Authors: Hurley Lex , Nezami Brooke T , Sciamanna Christopher , Tate Deborah F 
Published: August 2024

Objective Goal setting is a behavior change technique associated with improved change in outcomes. Digital (eHealth, mHealth) behavior change interventions often prescribe all goals with no opportunity for participants to create and track their own; thus, little is known about the types of goals participants create for themselves and their impacts on behavioral outcomes. This analysis describes the goals created by participants using an optional personal goal-setting component and evaluates the association between participant goal creation and weight loss in an eHealth adult weight loss intervention. Methods This represents a mixed methods QUANT-qual design to understand the types of goals users create for themselves and their impacts on behavior change outcomes. Qualitative codes were applied for the topic, behavior/outcome focus, adherence to SMART criteria, and repetition with count summaries. Quantitative analyses applied regression modeling to determine if the number of goals set was associated with the 6-month weight change, controlling for covariates. Results Participants (n = 363) set an average of 23.4 goals (SD = 22.7) over 6 months. Those who reached at least 5% weight loss set significantly more goals than those who lost between 1% and 4.99% or who lost <1% or gained weight ( p's < 0.0001). Setting more personal goals was associated with significant weight loss reduction at 6 months, controlling for covariates ( p's < 0.05). Conclusions Greater use of a personal goal-setting feature was associated with improved weight loss outcomes among active users. This can be a low-investment addition to digital behavior change interventions to contribute to improved outcomes.
A Product Evaluation of Augmented Reality Equipment Coupled to Diagnostic Medical Sonography: A Potential Equipment and Ergonomic Innovation
Authors: Evans Kevin D. , Bradbury Peter , Bloom Isaiah W. , Xu Menglin 
Published: August 2024

Objective: The aim of this product evaluation was to investigate the workflow and occupational health benefits of implementing augmented reality (AR) technology (MediView XR Inc, Cleveland, OH) paired with a portable ultrasound equipment system. Materials and Methods: A diverse sample of sonography users was consented and ranged in experience levels. They were asked to complete a video training session, a hands-on demonstration, and remote instruction while using the augmented reality ultrasound (AR US) system. The duration of participants’ tasks was assessed during the use of both AR US and the 2-dimensional ultrasound (2D US) system. Participants’ postures and positions were evaluated using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), which assessed ergonomic risk factors, linked to body position and muscle usage. Participants also completed the System Usability Scale (SUS). Finally, participants were invited to complete a qualitative interview session, regarding the use of the AR US system. Results: A total of 20 participants provided data after using both the AR US and 2D US systems. The assessment data revealed positive SUS scores, which reflected favorably on both the product, education, and the training provided. The time spent on simulated work (20 minutes), with both imaging systems, remained consistent. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment tool (RULA) scores for the cohort indicated a lower (better) median upper body score when using the AR US system. The cohort also had a statistically significant lower median subscore for the neck, trunk, and legs, compared with 2D US ( p < 0.00). Conclusion: Although larger studies are necessary to validate these findings, this cohort identified several opportunities for integrating the AR US system. Preliminary evidence suggests that an AR US system may offer occupational health benefits, as part of the imaging workflow.
Prognostic impact of cytogenetic abnormalities detected by FISH in AL amyloidosis with daratumumab-based frontline therapy
Authors: Chakraborty Rajshekhar , Zanwar Saurabh , Hegenbart Ute , Bhutani Divaya , Gertz Morie A. , Dispenzieri Angela , Kumar Shaji , D’Souza Anita , Patwari Anannya , Cowan Andrew , Chen GuiZhen , Milani Paolo , Palladini Giovanni , Sanchorawala Vaishali , Bodanapu Geethika , Schönland Stefan O. , Lentzsch Suzanne , Muchtar Eli 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We performed an international retrospective study on 283 patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis to investigate the prognostic impact of cytogenetic abnormalities by fluorescence in situ hybridization, when treated with frontline daratumumab–based therapy. The cytogenetic subgroups of interest were t(11;14), gain/amp(1q) (hereafter, +1q), hyperdiploidy, deletion(13q), del(17p), and myeloma high-risk (HR) translocations (t[4;14], t[14;16], or t[14;20]). The end points of interest were rate of hematologic complete response (heme-CR), very good partial response (VGPR) or better, and hematologic event-free survival (heme-EFS). The incidence of abnormalities was as follows: t(11;14), 53.4%; deletion (13q), 28.9%; +1q, 22.3%; hyperdiploidy, 19.4%; HR translocations, 6.6%; and deletion(17p), 4.5%. The heme-CR rate by cytogenetic subgroups were as follows: t(11;14) vs no t(11;14), 45.2% vs 41.8% (P=0.597); del(13q) vs no del(13q), 46.8% vs 42.8% (P=0.594); +1q vs no +1q, 30.2% vs 47.9% (P=0.022); hyperdiploidy vs no hyperdiploidy, 39.5% vs 44.9% (P=0.541); HR translocations vs none, 45.5% vs 43.1% (P=0.877); and del(17p) vs no del(17p), 50.0% vs 42.9% (P=0.658), respectively. Similarly, +1q was the only subgroup with a significantly lower VGPR or better rate (64.2% vs 79.0%; P=0.033). At a median follow-up of 19.8 months, the median heme-EFS was 49.6 months (95% CI, 24.7-not reached [NR]), and the 2-year overall survival (OS) was 80.98% (95% CI, 75.6-85.4). The presence of +1q was significantly associated with worse heme-EFS on multivariate analysis (HR 2.06, 95% CI, 1.14-3.71; P=0.017). Notably, there was no adverse prognostic impact of t(11;14) on heme-EFS or OS. In conclusion, +1q is associated with worse outcome in the daratumumab-era. Clinical trials testing novel frontline immunotherapies should be enriched in +1q to further improve outcomes in this subgroup.
Comparison of gepant effects at therapeutic plasma concentrations: connecting pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Boucherie Deirdre M. , Dammers Ruben , Vincent Arnaud , Danser A. H. Jan , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Orally administered second-generation gepants are effective for the treatment of migraine. The intranasal administration of the third-generation gepant zavegepant might have additional benefits including a rapid onset of action, but it is not clear yet to which extent this has clinical relevance.

Methods
We examined the effect of zavegepant on the relaxations induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in human isolated middle meningeal arteries. Furthermore, we connected the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of gepants by combining data from clinical and basic research.

Results
We showed that 10 nM zavegepant potently antagonized the functional response to CGRP. We also showed that all gepants are effective at inhibiting functional responses to CGRP at their therapeutic plasma concentrations.

Conclusions
The relatively low predicted potency of zavegepant to inhibit CGRP-induced relaxation at therapeutic systemic plasma concentrations may point to the relevance of local delivery to the trigeminovascular system through intranasal administration. This approach may have additional benefits for various groups of patients, including overweight patients.
Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of early endoscopic treatment of Acute biliary pancreatitis based on lightweight deep learning model
Authors: Xiong Rihui , Xiong Danjuan , Wu Zhaoping , Xiao Xifeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) is a clinical common acute abdomen. After the first pancreatitis, relapse rate is high, which seriously affects human life and health and causes great economic burdens to family and society. According to a great many research findings, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an effective treatment method. However, whether ERCP should be performed in early stage of ABP is still controversial in clinical practice.

Methods
Related articles were retrieved from Pubmed, Web of Science core library, Nature, Science Direct, and other databases published from January 2000 until now. The keywords included early ERCP, delayed ERCP, ABP, laparoscopy, and cholecystectomy, all which were connected by “or” and “and”. The language of articles was not restricted during the retrieval and Review Manager5.3 was employed to perform meta-analysis of experimental data. Finally, a total of 8 eligible articles were selected, including 8,801 patients.

Results
The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that no remarkable differences were detected in the incidence of complications, mortality, and operation time between patients undergoing ERCP in early stage and those receiving delayed ERCP. However, the hospitalization time of patients in experimental group was notably shorter than that among patients in control group.

Conclusins
Early ERCP treatment is as safe as late ERCP treatment for biliary pancreatitis, and can significantly shorten the hospital stay. Hence, the therapy was worthy of clinical promotion. The research findings provided reference and basis for clinical treatment of relevant diseases.
Diagnostic utility of apparent diffusion coefficient in preoperative assessment of endometrial cancer: are we ready for the 2023 FIGO staging?
Authors: Saleh Gehad A. , Abdelrazek Rasha , Hassan Amany , Hamdy Omar , Tantawy Mohammed Salah Ibrahim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Although endometrial cancer (EC) is staged surgically, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a critical role in assessing and selecting the most appropriate treatment planning. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of quantitative analysis of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in preoperative assessment of EC.

Methods
Prospective analysis was done for sixty-eight patients with pathology-proven endometrial cancer who underwent MRI and DWI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured by two independent radiologists and compared with the postoperative pathological results.

Results
There was excellent inter-observer reliability in measuring ADCmean values. There were statistically significant lower ADCmean values in patients with deep myometrial invasion (MI), cervical stromal invasion (CSI), type II EC, and lympho-vascular space involvement (LVSI) (AUC = 0.717, 0.816, 0.999, and 0.735 respectively) with optimal cut-off values of ≤ 0.84, ≤ 0.84, ≤ 0.78 and ≤ 0.82 mm2/s respectively. Also, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between ADC values and the updated 2023 FIGO stage and tumor grade (strong association), and the 2009 FIGO stage (medium association).

Conclusions
The preoperative ADCmean values of EC were significantly correlated with main prognostic factors including depth of MI, CSI, EC type, grade, nodal involvement, and LVSI.
Lessons for expanding virtual mentoring in academic medical institutions: a qualitative study among senior mentors
Authors: Riley Elise D. , Chur Elizabeth , Gandhi Monica , Fuchs Jonathan D. , Sauceda John A. , Sterling Lauren A. , Johnson Mallory O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Virtual activities, hybrid work and virtual mentoring have become part of the ongoing milieu of academic medicine. As the shift to remote mentoring continues to evolve, it is now possible to adapt, refine, and improve tools to support thriving mentoring relationships that take place virtually. This study explores strategies for virtual mentoring as a cornerstone for effective training programs among senior mentors participating in an ongoing mentoring program.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study among prior and current participants of an ongoing “Mentoring the Mentors” program about key strategies for optimizing virtual mentoring. Data were coded and analyzed following a thematic analysis approach.

Results
Respondents were mostly female (62%), white (58%), and associate (39%) or full professors (32%). We found that, with the expansion of hybrid and fully remote work, there are now fewer opportunities for informal but important chance meetings between mentors and mentees; however, virtual mentoring provides opportunities to compensate for reduced interactivity normally experienced in the workplace. The heightened need to plan and be more deliberate in the virtual sphere was woven throughout narratives and was the foundation of most recommendations. Specifically, a central obstacle for respondents was that spontaneous conversations were harder to initiate because virtual conversations are expected to have set agendas.

Conclusions
Developing new ways to maintain meaningful interpersonal relationships in a virtual training environment, including opportunities for serendipitous and informal engagement, is critical to the success of virtual mentoring programs.
Using PACS for teaching radiology to undergraduate medical students
Authors: Rita Mojtahedzadeh , Aeen Mohammadi , Rajabzadeh Farnood , Saeed Akhlaghi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Traditional radiology education for medical students predominantly uses textbooks, PowerPoint files, and hard-copy radiographic images, which often lack student interaction. PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) is a crucial tool for radiologists in viewing and reporting images, but its use in medical student training remains limited.

Objective
This study investigates the effectiveness of using PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) for teaching radiology to undergraduate medical students compared to traditional methods.

Methods
Fifty-three medical students were divided into a control group (25 students) receiving traditional slide-based training and an intervention group (28 students) using PACS software to view complete patient images. Pre- and post-course tests and satisfaction surveys were conducted for both groups, along with self-evaluation by the intervention group. The validity and reliability of the assessment tools were confirmed through expert review and pilot testing.

Results
No significant difference was found between the control and intervention groups regarding, gender, age, and GPA. Final multiple-choice test scores were similar (intervention: 10.89 ± 2.9; control: 10.76 ± 3.5; p = 0.883). However, the intervention group demonstrated significantly higher improvement in the short answer test for image interpretation (intervention: 8.8 ± 2.28; control: 5.35 ± 2.39; p = 0.001). Satisfaction with the learning method did not significantly differ between groups (intervention: 36.54 ± 5.87; control: 39.44 ± 7.76; p = 0.129). The intervention group reported high familiarity with PACS capabilities (75%), CT principles (71.4%), interpretation (64.3%), appropriate window selection (75%), and anatomical relationships (85.7%).

Conclusion
PACS-based training enhances medical students’ diagnostic and analytical skills in radiology. Further research with larger sample sizes and robust assessment methods is recommended to confirm and expand upon theses results
Empagliflozin and left atrial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: insight from the EMPA-HEART CardioLink‐6 randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pourafkari Marina , Connelly Kim A. , Verma Subodh , Mazer C. David , Teoh Hwee , Quan Adrian , Goodman Shaun G. , Rai Archana , Ng Ming Yen , Deva Djeven P. , Triverio Piero , Jiminez-Juan Laura , Yan Andrew T. , Ge Yin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated reduction in heart failure outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, although the exact mechanism of benefit remains unclear. Alteration in left atrial (LA) function due to chronic pressure or volume overload is a hallmark of heart failure.

Objective
To evaluate the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin on LA volume and function.

Methods
90 patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were randomized to empagliflozin (n = 44) or placebo (n = 46), and underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging at baseline and after 6 months. The main outcome was change in LA volume; LA function, including active and passive components, was also measured by a blinded reader.

Results
At baseline, there was no significant difference in LA volumes between the empagliflozin (indexed maximum LA volume 26.4 ± 8.4mL/m2, minimum LA volume 11.1 ± 5.7mL/m2) and placebo (indexed maximum LA volume 28.7 ± 8.2mL/m2, minimum LA volume 12.6 ± 5.0mL/m2) groups. After 6 months, changes in LA volumes did not differ with adjusted difference (empagliflozin minus placebo): 0.99 mL/m2 (95% CI: -1.7 to 3.7 mL/m2; p = 0.47) for indexed maximum LA volume, and 0.87 mL/m2 (95% CI: -0.9 to 2.6 mL/m2; p = 0.32) for indexed minimum LA volume. Changes in total LA emptying fraction were also similar, with between-group adjusted mean difference − 0.01 (95% CI: -0.05 to 0.03, p = 0.59).

Conclusion
SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin for 6 months did not have a significant impact on LA volume and function in patients with T2DM and coronary artery disease. (Effects of Empagliflozin on Cardiac Structure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes [EMPA-HEART]; NCT02998970).