bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency department diagnosis and treatment of traumatic hip dislocations in children under the age of 7 years: a 10-year review
Authors: Bressan Silvia , Steiner Ivan Peter , Shavit Itai 
Published: March 2013

Background and aimsTraumatic hip dislocations (THD) are uncommon in children. They constitute true emergencies because unrecognised THD leads to avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. This review presents the evidence for best practice for the diagnosis and treatment of THD in the emergency department (ED) of children under the age of 7 years.MethodsSearches for the period 2002–2012 were performed in PubMED, Cochrane database, EMBASE, Google Scholar and hand search.ResultsTwenty-five case reports and case series articles were identified, 53 described children with acute and 23 with neglected THD. Overall, 42 (55%) were male and 73 (96%) sustained a posterior dislocation. Forty-eight (63%) had THD following a low-energy trauma. Eight (11%) reported associated injuries. Twenty-one (39.6%) acute dislocations were reduced in the ED without complications. AVN was identified in 3 (5.7%) children, who underwent reduction ≥10 h after dislocation. Redislocation occurred in 3 (5.7%) children and coxa magna developed in 5 (9.4%). Long-term functional outcome of 42 patients resulted in full recovery, and it was fair to good in 3 (including 2 children with AVN). All neglected cases (≥4 weeks from trauma) needed open reduction in the operating room (OR). AVN was identified in 11 children (47.8%). Hip function was completely recovered in 16 (70%) patients.ConclusionsTHD in this age group mainly occurs with low-energy trauma and leads to posterior dislocations. Urgent closed reduction of acute cases are done in the OR, or the ED. ED reduction appears to be safe. Neglected THDs need open reduction.
Balloon-assisted guide catheter positioning to overcome extreme cervical carotid tortuosity: technique and case experience
Authors: Peeling Lissa , Fiorella David 
Published: March 2013

Background and significanceWe describe a method by which to efficiently and atraumatically achieve distal positioning of a flexible guiding catheter beyond extreme cervical tortuosity using a hypercompliant temporary occlusion balloon.MethodsA retrospective review of a prospective neuroendovascular database was used to identify cases in which a hypercompliant balloon catheter (Hyperform or Hyperglide, ev3/Covidien, Irvine, California, USA; Scepter or Scepter XC, Alisa Viejo, California, USA) was used to achieve distal positioning of a flexible guiding catheter (Navion, ev3/Covidien, Irvine, California, USA; Neuron, Penumbra Inc, Alameda, California, USA). After achieving a stable guiding sheath position within the proximal cervical carotid artery, a hypercompliant balloon catheter was manipulated beyond the tortuous cervical internal carotid segment into the distal carotid artery. The balloon was then inflated to anchor it distally within an intracranial (cavernous or petrous) segment of the internal carotid artery. The guiding catheter was then advanced beyond the tortuous cervical segment, over the balloon catheter, as gentle counter traction was applied to the balloon.ResultsBalloon-assisted guiding catheter placement was used to perform endovascular treatments of 12 anterior circulation aneurysms. One patient underwent coiling alone. Five patients underwent balloon-assisted coiling. One patient underwent balloon and stent assisted coil embolization. Four patients with five carotid aneurysms (one with bilateral carotid aneurysms) underwent vascular reconstruction with the pipeline embolization device. All patients had severe tortuosity of the extracranial carotid system. Three patients had findings consistent with cervical carotid fibromuscular dysplasia. The technique was successful each time it was attempted. No parent artery dissections or catheter induced vasospam were noted in any case.DiscussionHypercompliant balloon catheters can be reliably used to facilitate safe and rapid distal positioning of flexible guiding catheters beyond severe cervical tortuosity.
A survey on ear biometrics
Authors: Abaza Ayman , Ross Arun , Hebert Christina , Harrison Mary Ann F. , Nixon Mark S. 
Published: March 2013

Recognizing people by their ear has recently received significant attention in the literature. Several reasons account for this trend: first, ear recognition does not suffer from some problems associated with other non-contact biometrics, such as face recognition; second, it is the most promising candidate for combination with the face in the context of multi-pose face recognition; and third, the ear can be used for human recognition in surveillance videos where the face may be occluded completely or in part. Further, the ear appears to degrade little with age. Even though current ear detection and recognition systems have reached a certain level of maturity, their success is limited to controlled indoor conditions. In addition to variation in illumination, other open research problems include hair occlusion, earprint forensics, ear symmetry, ear classification, and ear individuality.This article provides a detailed survey of research conducted in ear detection and recognition. It provides an up-to-date review of the existing literature revealing the current state-of-art for not only those who are working in this area but also for those who might exploit this new approach. Furthermore, it offers insights into some unsolved ear recognition problems as well as ear databases available for researchers.
Complex Tumor Genomes Inferred from Single Circulating Tumor Cells by Array-CGH and Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Heitzer Ellen , Auer Martina , Gasch Christin , Pichler Martin , Ulz Peter , Hoffmann Eva Maria , Lax Sigurd , Waldispuehl-Geigl Julie , Mauermann Oliver , Lackner Carolin , Höfler Gerald , Eisner Florian , Sill Heinz , Samonigg Hellmut , Pantel Klaus , Riethdorf Sabine , Bauernhofer Thomas , Geigl Jochen B. , Speicher Michael R. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) released into blood from primary cancers and metastases reflect the current status of tumor genotypes, which are prone to changes. Here, we conducted the first comprehensive genomic profiling of CTCs using array–comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and next-generation sequencing. We used the U.S. Food and Drug Administration–cleared CellSearch system, which detected CTCs in 21 of 37 patients (range, 1–202/7.5 mL sample) with stage IV colorectal carcinoma. In total, we were able to isolate 37 intact CTCs from six patients and identified in those multiple colorectal cancer–associated copy number changes, many of which were also present in the respective primary tumor. We then used massive parallel sequencing of a panel of 68 colorectal cancer–associated genes to compare the mutation spectrum in the primary tumors, metastases, and the corresponding CTCs from two of these patients. Mutations in known driver genes [e.g., adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), KRAS, or PIK3CA] found in the primary tumor and metastasis were also detected in corresponding CTCs. However, we also observed mutations exclusively in CTCs. To address whether these mutations were derived from a small subclone in the primary tumor or represented new variants of metastatic cells, we conducted additional deep sequencing of the primary tumor and metastasis and applied a customized statistical algorithm for analysis. We found that most mutations initially found only in CTCs were also present at subclonal level in the primary tumors and metastases from the same patient. This study paves the way to use CTCs as a liquid biopsy in patients with cancer, providing more effective options to monitor tumor genomes that are prone to change during progression, treatment, and relapse. Cancer Res; 73(10); 2965–75. ©2013 AACR.
Aiming for the Outliers: Cancer Precision Medicine through Targeting Kinases with Extreme Expression
Authors: Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Maitra Anirban 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
With the increasing availability of highly potent, pharmacologically active, and selective protein kinase inhibitors, identification of individuals who would benefit from targeted kinase inhibitors could facilitate application of precision medicine strategies for cancer therapy. A recent study by Kothari and colleagues reports preclinical studies that highlight the potential of targeting kinases with extreme expression for cancer precision medicine, warranting further clinical investigation of an individual-specific outlier kinase targeting approach. Cancer Discov; 3(3); 252–4. ©2013 AACR.
See related article by Kothari et al., p. 280
Targeting MYCN: A Good BET for Improving Neuroblastoma Therapy?
Authors: Schnepp Robert W. , Maris John M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Summary: Direct targeting of oncogenic MYC proteins has been an elusive goal of many cancer drug development efforts. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Stegmaier and colleagues demonstrate that pharmacologically interfering with the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) class of proteins potently depletes MYCN in neuroblastoma cells, resulting in cellular cytotoxicity and thus providing a novel approach with a potential impact on a previously undruggable major oncogene. Cancer Discov; 3(3); 255–7. ©2013 AACR.
See related article by Puissant et al., p. 308
Endothelial β4 Integrin Is Predominantly Expressed in Arterioles, Where It Promotes Vascular Remodeling in the Hypoxic Brain
Authors: Welser-Alves Jennifer V. , Boroujerdi Amin , Tigges Ulrich , Wrabetz Lawrence , Feltri M. Laura , Milner Richard 
Published: March 2013

Objective—
Laminin is a major component of the vascular basal lamina, implying that laminin receptors, such as α6β1 and α6β4 integrins, may regulate vascular remodeling and homeostasis. Previous studies in the central nervous system have shown that β4 integrin is expressed by only a fraction of cerebral vessels, but defining the vessel type and cellular source of β4 integrin has proved controversial. The goal of this study was to define the class of vessel and cell type expressing β4 integrin in cerebral vessels and to examine its potential role in vascular remodeling.

Approach and Results—
Dual-immunofluorescence showed that β4 integrin is expressed predominantly in arterioles, both in the central nervous system and in peripheral organs. Cell-specific knockouts of β4 integrin revealed that β4 integrin expression in cerebral vessels is derived from endothelial cells, not astrocytes or smooth muscle cells. Lack of endothelial β4 integrin had no effect on vascular development, integrity, or endothelial proliferation, but in the hypoxic central nervous system, its absence led to defective arteriolar remodeling and associated transforming growth factor–β signaling.

Conclusions—
These results define high levels of β4 integrin in arteriolar endothelial cells and demonstrate a novel link among β4 integrin, transforming growth factor–β signaling, and arteriolar remodeling in cerebral vessels.
Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume and Adipocytokine Imbalance Are Strongly Linked to Human Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Shimabukuro Michio , Hirata Yoichiro , Tabata Minoru , Dagvasumberel Munkhbaatar , Sato Hiromi , Kurobe Hirotsugu , Fukuda Daiju , Soeki Takeshi , Kitagawa Tetsuya , Takanashi Shuichiro , Sata Masataka 
Published: March 2013

Objective—
The impact of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) over abdominal or overall adiposity on coronary artery disease (CAD) is currently unknown. We compared the association among EAT volume (EATV), cytokine/adipocytokine profiles in EAT and subcutaneous fat, and atherogenic CAD.

Approach and Results—

Paired samples were obtained from EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue during elective cardiac surgery for CAD (n=50) or non-CAD (n=50). EATV was the sum of cross-sectional EAT areas, and visceral and subcutaneous fat areas were determined at the umbilicus level on computed tomography scans. CD68
+
, CD11c
+
, and CD206
+
cells were counted using immunohistochemical staining. Cytokine/adipocytokine expression was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Multivariate analysis indicated that male sex, age, diabetes mellitus, high triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and EATV index (EATV/body surface area, cm
3
/m
2
) were significant CAD predictors (corrected
R
2
=0.401;
P
<0.001); visceral fat area, hypertension, smoking, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (140 mg/dL [3.63 mmol/L]) or statin use were not predictors. The EATV index positively correlated with the CD68
+
and CD11c
+
cell numbers and nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich–containing family, pyrin domain–containing-3 (NLRP3), interleukin-1β, and interleukin-1R expression; and negatively correlated with adiponectin expression in EAT. A multivariate analysis model, including CD68
+
cells and interleukin-1β, and adiponectin expression in EAT strongly predicted CAD (corrected
R
2
=0.756;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
EATV and macrophage and cytokine/adipocytokine signals in EAT strongly correlated with CAD. Our findings suggest that EATV and adipocytokine imbalance are strongly linked to human coronary atherosclerosis.
A Small Molecule Inhibitor to Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Inhibits Macrophage Migration
Authors: Ichimura Atsuhiko , Matsumoto Sachiko , Suzuki Shinobu , Dan Takashi , Yamaki Satoshi , Sato Yayoi , Kiyomoto Hideyasu , Ishii Naoto , Okada Kiyotaka , Matsuo Osamu , Hou Fan-Fan , Vaughan Douglas E. , van Ypersele de Strihou Charles , Miyata Toshio 
Published: March 2013

Objective—
Macrophage (Mφ) migration rests on the adhesion/detachment between Mφ surface components and extracellular matrixes, and the contribution of numerous inflammatory disorders. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, a serine protease inhibitor, influences Mφ motility through an action distinct from its classical modulation of the plasmin-based fibrinolytic process. We rely here on a small molecule PAI-1 inhibitor (TM5275) to investigate the role of PAI-1 in Mφ migration in the pathogenesis of renal injury.

Approach and Results—
Mφ migration was inhibited both in vitro and in vivo by TM5275. It was also reduced in T-cell–deficient nude mice, but not in PAI-1–deficient mice. Mφ migration hinged on the interaction of PAI-1 with low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein, an interaction prevented by TM5275, but not with vitronectin, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, or tissue-type plasminogen activator. Fed to rats with anti–Thy-1–induced nephritis, TM5275 significantly decreased Mφ accumulation and ameliorated the progression of renal injury.

Conclusions—
These findings suggest that a small molecule PAI-1 inhibitor represents a novel class of anti-inflammatory agents targeting Mφ migration by the inhibition of the interaction of PAI-1 with low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein.
Endothelial Heparanase Regulates Heart Metabolism by Stimulating Lipoprotein Lipase Secretion From Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Dahai , Chiu Amy Pei-Ling , Wan Andrea , Neumaier Katharina , Vlodavsky Israel , Rodrigues Brian 
Published: March 2013

Objective—
After diabetes mellitus, transfer of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) from cardiomyocytes to the coronary lumen increases, and this requires liberation of LPL from the myocyte surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans with subsequent replenishment of this reservoir. At the lumen, LPL breaks down triglyceride to meet the increased demand of the heart for fatty acid. Here, we examined the contribution of coronary endothelial cells (ECs) toward regulation of cardiomyocyte LPL secretion.

Approach and Results—
Bovine coronary artery ECs were exposed to high glucose, and the conditioned medium was used to treat cardiomyocytes. EC-conditioned medium liberated LPL from the myocyte surface, in addition to facilitating its replenishment. This effect was attributed to the increased heparanase content in EC-conditioned medium. Of the 2 forms of heparanase secreted from EC in response to high glucose, active heparanase released LPL from the myocyte surface, whereas latent heparanase stimulated reloading of LPL from an intracellular pool via heparan sulfate proteoglycan–mediated RhoA activation.

Conclusions—
Endothelial heparanase is a participant in facilitating LPL increase at the coronary lumen. These observations provide an insight into the cross-talk between ECs and cardiomyocytes to regulate cardiac metabolism after diabetes mellitus.
'n Beoordeling van ‘kreatiwiteitstoetse’ ten opsigte van rasionaal en psigometriese standaarde
Authors: Visser Delene 
Published: March 2013

Huidige probleme rakende die meting van kreatiewe potensiaal word beoordeel vanuit 'n teoretiese oogpunt. Kritiek word gelewer teen die kriteria wat vir kreatiwiteit gebruik word sonder om die gebied van kreatiewe aktiwiteit in ag te neem, sowel as teen die algemene misver-stand wat kreatiewe vermoë gelykstel aan divergente denkvermoë. In die meerderheid van ondersoeke oor kreatiwiteit het die navorsers probeer om 'n onderskeid tussen intelIigensie en kreatiwiteit te tref, terwyl dit aangetoon kan word dat IK-toetse hoofsaaklik uit items van konvergente denke bestaan en die sogenaamde ‘kreatiwiteitstoetse’ is niks meer as metings van divergente denke nie. Daar word voorgestel dat die kognitiewe aspekte van kreatiwiteit beskou word as deel van die intellektuele domein soos oorspronklik deur teoretici soos J.P. Guilford bedoel is. Die bekendste ‘kreatiwiteitstoetse’ word sistematies geëvalueer betreffende rasionaal en betroubaarheids- en geldigheidsgegewens. Geeneen van die toetse kan as voldoende beskou word ten opsigte van algemene psigometriese standaarde nie en dit word gevind dat 'n rasionaal wat gebaseer is op 'n grondige teorie van kreatiwiteit vir elk van die toetse ontbreek.
The Control of Psychological Tests by the Test Commission of the Republic of South Africa (TCRSA)
Authors: Prinsloo R.J. 
Published: March 2013

The aim of the Test Commission of the RSA (TCRSA) is to promote the usefulness of tests and prevent misuse of such tests and questionnaires, while at the same time an effort is made to maintain and extent the standard of professional development of psychological tests. The classification of tests is one of the most important tasks of the Test Commission. Tests are classified into three categories, namely C, B and A tests. The differences between the three categories of tests as well as the differences between the users of A tests, psychotechnicians and psychometrists, are pointed out. An explanation of the terms, ‘control of a test’ and ‘use of a test’ is given and the types of tests that may be used by the persons registered in the various categories, are discussed. Reference is also made to the misuse of tests and the consequences of such misuse.
Mediating Communication within and between Population Groups
Authors: Forgus Ronald , Forgus Marveen 
Published: March 2013

Four small groups, each composed of three racial categories, and varying along the dimension of conservative to radical, met In one-hour weekly sessions to discuss fundamental change in South Africa. Group 1 was the most conservative politically, Group 2 was the most radical, while Groups 3 and 4 had more moderate ideas about political change. During Sessions 1 and 2 the members of the groups were instructed to focus on clarifying their own opinions and ideas about changing South Africa, as they communicated with each other. The groups were then made more heterogeneous by intermingling of Groups 1 and 2, and Groups 3 and 4, and met for Sessions 3 and 4 during which they were instructed to focus on walking in each other's shoes. All discussion sessions were mediated by using group sensitivity techniques to facilitate communication. The discussion sessions were all tape-recorded and, after being transcribed, a reliable scoring manual was constructed to code the interaction patterns between members into eight categories which could be used as indices to measure changes In effective communication. The quantitative results Indicated that there were significant directional changes in four of these indices from Session 1 to Session 2, and in six of these indices from Session 3 to Session 4. While the relatively fast change groups showed more change from Session 1 to Session 2, the combination of the two moderate rather than the two extreme groups showed more improvement in communication from Session 3 to Session 4. The groups also produced 20 workable, consensual suggestions for constructive change in South Africa. These findings, which reveal that skilled mediation in supportive group dynamic atmospheres can facilitate and improve communication transmission, are interpreted in the light of an outflow theory of perception.
The Development of Gender Understanding in Children
Authors: Bhana Kastoor 
Published: March 2013

The development of gender understanding was studied in 7 1/2-year-old male and female Indian children. The experimental procedure involved the investigation of: (i) the saliency of genital cues, by means of a free classification procedure, (ii) gender understanding, by means of a questionnaire and (iii) its relationship to cognitive development, by testing the conservation of number and substance. The major result was that children could correctly label themselves but had not yet attained the concept of gender constancy. This made it difficult to establish a relationship to cognitive development. Further genital cues by themselves have no specific significance for the children. These and other findings were discussed in terms of their particular practical relevance.
Key Issues in the Development of Applied Educational Psychology in the Contemporary South African Context
Authors: Donald David 
Published: March 2013

Applied educational psychology is currently undergoing radical revision in most developed countries. The issues at stake are not only as relevant in South Africa as anywhere but carry an added urgency in the context of our particular society and its emergent needs. Key issues to be confronted are: the relevance issue; the statutory control issue; the advocacy issue; the issue of professional definition; the breadth of role issue; the model of intervention issue. Clarity about these issues and their implications in our society is a necessary pre-requisite to the meaningful development of the profession of applied educational psychology in South Africa.
Die voorveronderstellings gehuldig binne die bedryfsielkunde. 'n Vakfilosofiese beskouing
Authors: Veldsman T.H. 
Published: March 2013

Die doel van die artikel is tweeledig, eerstens, om die betekenisse (of voorveronderstellings) wat binne die bedryfsielkunde aan sy grondbegrippe, te wete ‘wetenskap’, ‘mens’, ‘arbeid’, en ‘psigiese’ geheg word, aan te dui, en tweedens, om die verwysingsraamwerke gehuldig binne die bedryfsielkunde op grond van die betekenisse geheg aan sy grondbegrippe, te bespreek. Daar word getoon dat die twee geskiedkundige strominge wat gewoonlik binne die bedryfsielkunde onderskei word, betekenisvol verskil met betrekking tot die voorveronderstellings wat gehuldig word ten opsigte van die bedryfsielkunde se grondbegrippe. Die twee verwysingsraamwerke verskil dus ook betekenisvol. Die verskil kan verklaar word in terme van 'n kontinue of diskontinue groei in die vak. Laasgenoemde verklaring skyn meer aanvaarbaar te wees. Die artikel is 'n uittreksel uit 'n doktorale studie getiteld ‘Die Bedryfsielkunde — 'n vakfilosofiese beskouing’ deur die skrywer. Finansiële bystand is deur die RGN verleen.