bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deliverability and efficacy of R‐CHOP chemotherapy in very elderly patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: an Australian retrospective analysis
Authors: Millar A. , Ellis M. , Mollee P. , Cochrane T. , Fletcher J. , Caudron A. , Webster B. , Trotman J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundElderly patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have an inferior prognosis, due in part to advanced age and pre‐existing comorbidities, with reduced tolerability and deliverability of standard R‐CHOP chemotherapy.AimsTo examine the deliverability, toxicity and efficacy of R‐CHOP and the prevalence of the germinal and non‐germinal phenotype DLBCL in an elderly Australian cohort.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included patients ≥75 years diagnosed with DLBCL. Comprehensive chemotherapy and toxicity data were collected for patients treated with R‐CHOP. Baseline demographics and chemotherapy characteristics were compared with progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Immunohistochemical staining identified the prevalence of the non‐germinal centre (non‐GCB) phenotype.ResultsOf the 111 patients, 92 (83%) commenced R‐CHOP with 26/92 (28%) receiving ≤4 cycles. Median average relative dose (ARD) was 0.80 (0.07–1.17). Median average relative dose intensity (ARDI) was 0.89 (0.33–1.18). Serious adverse events occurred in 77% of patients with ≥Gd3 adverse events in 74%. Overall response rate was 85%. Two‐year PFS was 63% and OS 74%. ARD and performance status ≥2 were significant prognostic factors for PFS and OS but not ARDI. Non‐GCB‐phenotype was identified in 44/72 (61%) of patients with immunohistochemical data.ConclusionDespite high response rates and respectable survival estimates, the absence of standard therapy in 17% of patients, and dose reductions and serious toxicity of R‐CHOP in this Australian cohort highlights the need for the development of less toxic yet efficacious treatments for very elderly patients with DLBCL. The high prevalence of the non‐GCB phenotype highlights the potential value of targeted biological therapy for this demographic.
Complement inhibition decreases early fibrogenic events in the lung of septic baboons
Authors: Silasi‐Mansat Robert , Zhu Hua , Georgescu Constantin , Popescu Narcis , Keshari Ravi S. , Peer Glenn , Lupu Cristina , Taylor Fletcher B. , Pereira Heloise Anne , Kinasewitz Gary , Lambris John D. , Lupu Florea 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by severe sepsis can trigger persistent inflammation and fibrosis. We have shown that experimental sepsis in baboons recapitulates ARDS progression in humans, including chronic inflammation and long‐lasting fibrosis in the lung. Complement activation products may contribute to the fibroproliferative response, suggesting that complement inhibitors are potential therapeutic agents. We have been suggested that treatment of septic baboons with compstatin, a C3 convertase inhibitor protects against ARDS‐induced fibroproliferation. Baboons challenged with 109 cfu/kg (LD50) live E. coli by intravenous infusion were treated or not with compstatin at the time of challenge or 5 hrs thereafter. Changes in the fibroproliferative response at 24 hrs post‐challenge were analysed at both transcript and protein levels. Gene expression analysis showed that sepsis induced fibrotic responses in the lung as early as 24 hrs post‐bacterial challenge. Immunochemical and biochemical analysis revealed enhanced collagen synthesis, induction of profibrotic factors and increased cell recruitment and proliferation. Specific inhibition of complement with compstatin down‐regulated sepsis‐induced fibrosis genes, including transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), various collagens and chemokines responsible for fibrocyte recruitment (e.g. chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and 12 (CCL12)). Compstatin decreased the accumulation of myofibroblasts and proliferating cells, reduced the production of fibrosis mediators (TGF‐β, phospho‐Smad‐2 and CTGF) and inhibited collagen deposition. Our data demonstrate that complement inhibition effectively attenuates collagen deposition and fibrotic responses in the lung after severe sepsis. Inhibiting complement could prove an attractive strategy for preventing sepsis‐induced fibrosis of the lung.
Limited attractant range of the black‐light suction trap for the capture of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: Elbers A. R. W. , Meiswinkel R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe suction light trap (LT) is a standard tool used to capture Culicoides biting midges, when estimating abundances, and mapping species ranges. The exact range of attraction of the LT is in dispute, however, with several studies indicating the range to vary widely, between 4 and 50 m. In this study, the attractant range of a LT, set at various distances (0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 m) from a cow tethered at pasture, is assessed in two trials conducted on a dairy farm in the Netherlands in 2013 and 2014. In the first trial, sweep‐netting and light‐trapping was performed concurrently. Although a Spearman Rank correlation of 0.89 (P = 0.03) showed the two sets of abundance results to be highly correlated, species prevalence differed significantly according to the method used: the Culicoides obsoletus complex dominated the LT observations, whereas Culicoides chiopterus and Culicoides dewulfi were more abundant in those obtained by sweep‐net, due to the former taxon being largely nocturnal, the latter diurnal. There is a distinct negative logarithmic relationship between Culicoides abundance and distance from the vertebrate host, with midge abundance, in the LT, increasing significantly only when it is placed very close to the bait animal, at a distance of 0–1 m. The sharp decay function in the number of Culicoides caught with increasing distance from the LT, limits the comparison of LT surveillance data obtained under various settings, even from within a climatically homogeneous geographical region such as north‐western Europe.
Somatosensory evaluation in Dysfunctional Syndrome patients
Authors: Hilgenberg‐Sydney P. B. , Kowacs P. A. , Conti P. C. R. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryMany chronic pain patients are refractory to treatment, which leads to the suspicion that somehow they are not fully effective and probably some mechanism of pain generation and/or maintenance is still unknown. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to provide evidence‐based data on pain mechanisms in different types of chronic pain conditions. Eighty women, with 18–65 years old, were included, divided into four groups: myofascial pain of the masticatory muscles (n = 20), fibromyalgia (n = 20), chronic daily headache and healthy volunteers (n = 20). All patients were submitted to quantitative sensory tests: pressure pain threshold, mechanical detection threshold, mechanical pain threshold, ischaemic pain tolerance, cold pain sensitivity, aftersensation, wind‐up ratio and conditioned pain modulation. Current perception threshold was also determined (Neurometer CPT/C – Neurotron®). Three different zones were evaluated: trigeminal (masseter muscle), cervical and extratrigeminal (thenar eminence). Data were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis (anova, Tukey and Student's t‐tests). Masticatory myofascial pain, fibromyalgia and chronic daily headache individuals presented lower pressure pain thresholds than healthy volunteers (P = 0·00). Chronic daily headache individuals had a significantly higher mechanical detection threshold than healthy volunteers (P = 0·01). Individuals of the symptomatic groups showed lower values for mechanical pain threshold and for ischaemic pain tolerance (P = 0·00) than healthy volunteers. The ability to activate the mechanism of endogenous modulation is impaired in women with fibromyalgia and myofascial pain (P = 0·00). These results reinforce evidence of central sensitisation and impaired endogenous modulation system in individuals with myofascial pain, fibromyalgia and chronic daily headache.
The association between sugar‐sweetened beverages and dental caries among third‐grade students in Georgia
Authors: Wilder Jocelyn R. , Kaste Linda M. , Handler Arden , Chapple‐McGruder Theresa , Rankin Kristin M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine the association between sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and caries experience among Georgia third graders.MethodsThe 2010‐2011 Georgia Third Grade Oral Health Study provided a school‐based sample for analysis. Data were weighted to be representative of the state of Georgia's third graders. Log‐binomial regression was used to assess the association between SSB consumption and caries experience after adjusting for socio‐demographic and maternal and child oral health characteristics.ResultsGeorgia third graders consumed approximately two servings of SSB per day on average (1.7, 95% CI 1.6‐1.8). Fifty‐two percent of Georgia third graders had caries experience. Daily consumption of SSB and prevalence of caries experience differed significantly by demographic characteristics. After adjustment for socio‐demographic and maternal oral health characteristics, caries experience increased 22 percent (adjusted PR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1, 1.3) for every additional reported serving of SSB consumed per day.ConclusionHigher consumption of SSBs is associated with higher caries prevalence among Georgia third graders after adjustment for important covariates. Consequently, health messages about SSBs from dentists, physicians, and other healthcare providers as well as policy approaches at the school, state, and national levels to limit consumption of SSBs may collectively impact both the development of dental caries and obesity, leading to overall better health for children.
The same but different: discussing the literature regarding mental health nurses' difficulty in meeting the physical health needs of service users, regardless of differing education programmes
Authors: Walker S. , McAndrew S. 
Published: September 2015

Accessible summary
In the Western world, many people who have mental health problems experience poor physical health. Research suggests that those with mental illness often have difficulties in accessing health care services, reporting that when they do, their physical health needs are often overlooked.
Nurses are expected to deliver safe and effective care that meets the needs of service users. In order to help mental health nurses address physical health care needs, changes to nurse education, supported by government policy, have been made in the United Kingdom. Despite these changes, mental health nurses still feel less confident and prepared to address physical health needs of service users. However, this same problem is also reported by nurses throughout Europe and in other Western countries, who have undergone different training and education programmes.
This paper discusses important factors affecting the mental health nurses' ability to deliver physical care and how they impact on confidence and competence.
The paper concludes by highlighting the role of the mental health nurse being key in addressing the physical health needs of those in their care, and how this will only be realized when education and practice provide sufficient opportunity for them to develop and maintain their knowledge and skills.
AbstractIn the Western world, there is increasing concern regarding the ability of health care professionals to meet the physical health care needs of those diagnosed with mental illness. This discussion paper seeks to explore some of the issues facing mental health nurses in delivering care to those who have both mental and physical illness. Criticism of the National Health Service for failing to meet the physical health needs of people with serious mental illness has generated a number of political strategies aimed at addressing inequalities between mental and physical health care, a consequence being a change in pre‐registration nurse education. It is envisaged that such changes will enable all nurses to deliver safe, effective care to service users, with adult and mental health nurses being more adept at meeting both the mental and physical health needs of those in their care. The impact of three key areas identified within the literature will be considered: the impact of co‐existing physical and mental illness; the role of mental health nurses and perceptions of service users re physical health care; and education, training and learning from others in the Western world. In conclusion, the complexities of delivering such care will be addressed.
‘To Arms!’: Invasion Narratives and Late‐Victorian Literature
Authors: Bulfin Ailise 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article introduces readers to the fiction of invasion, a paranoid literary phenomenon that responded to widespread social concerns about the possible invasion of Britain by an array of hostile foreign forces in the period between 1870 and 1914. It begins with an overview of the development of this relatively unknown body of work in the late‐Victorian and Edwardian periods, charting assumptions of imminent large‐scale war, fascination with the technology of warfare and the marked participation of military men who used the fiction to agitate for increased defence spending. While this alarmist brand of popular fiction provoked considerable contemporary commentary, modern critical engagement with it has been somewhat limited. Beginning in the 1960s and dominated by the work of the master bibliographer I. F. Clarke, the initial scholarly response necessarily took the form of classification and survey and evinced particular interest in adjudging the accuracy of fictional predictions about future war. More recent scholarship is concerned with reading the fiction in the context of its own times, probing its relationship with external imperial factors and internal domestic concerns and its effectiveness as a propaganda tool. In addition to offering an overview of this line of enquiry, this article seeks to broaden the understanding of the invasion narrative in fin‐de‐siècle popular fiction, drawing lines out to the recurrence of the invasion theme across a broad range of genres and modes exceeding that of future war fiction and including so‐called ‘yellow peril’ narratives, crime and detective fiction and the gothic. In conclusion, a number of avenues complementing the textual and the historical are suggested for future exploration.
Romanticism and Speculative Realism
Authors: Washington Chris 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMy essay surveys two recent philosophical strains of thoughts, Speculative Realism and Object‐Oriented Ontology, in order to show their relevance to Romantic literature and culture, and the humanities more widely. I explain how Quentin Meillassoux, in his bookAfter Finitude:An Essay on the Necessity of Contingency, targets “correlationism,” the notion that there is no access to the world except by the human mind, as the defining problem of modern thought. Romanticist Timothy Morton, springboarding from Graham Harman's Meillassoux‐inspired Object‐Oriented Ontology, theorizes what he calls a “hyperobject,” a non‐localized object like climate change that disturbs and disrupts the supposed connection between human being and worldly phenomenon. These theories, I show, intersect with Romantic apocalyptic traditions that foresee a future paradise brought on by human action. As I read it, though, Meillassoux's Speculative Realism and Morton's hyperobjects shine a light on the largely ignored, post‐apocalyptic aspects of Romantic literature in works like Shelley's “Mont Blanc.” I argue that Romantic post‐apocalypticism relies on Romantic irony to root us in a temporality of the present rather than a deferred vision of a utopian future.
Seascape drivers of Macrocystis pyrifera population genetic structure in the northeast Pacific
Authors: Johansson Mattias L. , Alberto Filipe , Reed Daniel C. , Raimondi Peter T. , Coelho Nelson C. , Young Mary A. , Drake Patrick T. , Edwards Christopher A. , Cavanaugh Kyle , Assis Jorge , Ladah Lydia B. , Bell Tom W. , Coyer James A. , Siegel David A. , Serrão Ester A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAt small spatial and temporal scales, genetic differentiation is largely controlled by constraints on gene flow, while genetic diversity across a species' distribution is shaped on longer temporal and spatial scales. We assess the hypothesis that oceanographic transport and other seascape features explain different scales of genetic structure of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. We followed a hierarchical approach to perform a microsatellite‐based analysis of genetic differentiation in Macrocystis across its distribution in the northeast Pacific. We used seascape genetic approaches to identify large‐scale biogeographic population clusters and investigate whether they could be explained by oceanographic transport and other environmental drivers. We then modelled population genetic differentiation within clusters as a function of oceanographic transport and other environmental factors. Five geographic clusters were identified: Alaska/Canada, central California, continental Santa Barbara, California Channel Islands and mainland southern California/Baja California peninsula. The strongest break occurred between central and southern California, with mainland Santa Barbara sites forming a transition zone between the two. Breaks between clusters corresponded approximately to previously identified biogeographic breaks, but were not solely explained by oceanographic transport. An isolation‐by‐environment (IBE) pattern was observed where the northern and southern Channel Islands clustered together, but not with closer mainland sites, despite the greater distance between them. The strongest environmental association with this IBE pattern was observed with light extinction coefficient, which extends suitable habitat to deeper areas. Within clusters, we found support for previous results showing that oceanographic connectivity plays an important role in the population genetic structure of Macrocystis in the Northern hemisphere.
Linking transcriptional responses to organismal tolerance reveals mechanisms of thermal sensitivity in a mesothermal endangered fish
Authors: Komoroske Lisa M. , Connon Richard E. , Jeffries Ken M. , Fangue Nann A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractForecasting species' responses to climate change requires understanding the underlying mechanisms governing environmental stress tolerance, including acclimation capacity and acute stress responses. Current knowledge of these physiological processes in aquatic ectotherms is largely drawn from eurythermal or extreme stenothermal species. Yet many species of conservation concern exhibit tolerance windows and acclimation capacities in between these extremes. We linked transcriptome profiles to organismal tolerance in a mesothermal endangered fish, the delta smelt(Hypomesus transpacificus),to quantify the cellular processes, sublethal thresholds and effects of thermal acclimation on acute stress responses. Delta smelt initiated rapid molecular changes in line with expectations of theoretical thermal limitation models, but also exhibited diminished capacity to modify the expression of some genes and cellular mechanisms key to coping with acute thermal stress found in eurytherms. Sublethal critical thresholds occurred 4–6 °C below their upper tolerance limits, and thermal acclimation shifted the onset of acute thermal stress and tolerance as predicted. However, we found evidence that delta smelt's limited thermal plasticity may be partially due to an inability of individuals to effectively make physiological adjustments to truly achieve new homoeostasis under heightened temperatures, resulting in chronic thermal stress. These findings provide insight into the physiological basis of the diverse patterns of thermal tolerances observed in nature. Moreover, understanding how underlying molecular mechanisms shape thermal acclimation capacity, acute stress responses and ultimately differential phenotypes contributes to a predictive framework to deduce species' responses in situ to changes in selective pressures due to climate change.
Multilocus phylogeography of a widespread savanna–woodland‐adapted rodent reveals the influence of Pleistocene geomorphology and climate change in Africa's Zambezi region
Authors: McDonough Molly M. , Šumbera Radim , Mazoch Vladimír , Ferguson Adam W. , Phillips Caleb D. , Bryja Josef 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUnderstanding historical influences of climate and physiographic barriers in shaping patterns of biodiversity remains limited for many regions of the world. For mammals of continental Africa, phylogeographic studies, particularly for West African lineages, implicate both geographic barriers and climate oscillations in shaping small mammal diversity. In contrast, studies for southern African species have revealed conflicting phylogenetic patterns for how mammalian lineages respond to both climate change and geologic events such as river formation, especially during the Pleistocene. However, these studies were often biased by limited geographic sampling or exclusively focused on large‐bodied taxa. We exploited the broad southern African distribution of a savanna–woodland‐adapted African rodent,Gerbilliscus leucogaster(bushveld gerbil) and generated mitochondrial, autosomal and sex chromosome data to quantify regional signatures of climatic and vicariant biogeographic phenomena. Results indicate the most recent common ancestor for allG. leucogasterlineages occurred during the early Pleistocene. We documented six divergent mitochondrial lineages that diverged ~0.270–0.100 mya, each of which was geographically isolated during periods characterized by alterations to the course of the Zambezi River and its tributaries as well as regional ‘megadroughts’. Results demonstrate the presence of a widespread lineage exhibiting demographic expansion ~0.065–0.035 mya, a time that coincides with savanna–woodland expansion across southern Africa. A multilocus autosomal perspective revealed the influence of the Kafue River as a current barrier to gene flow and regions of secondary contact among divergent mitochondrial lineages. Our results demonstrate the importance of both climatic fluctuations and physiographic vicariance in shaping the distribution of southern African biodiversity.