bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN METFORMIN KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera L.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN
Authors: Ovikariani  , Sa’adah Anifatus 
Published: July 2024

Abstrak: Diabetes adalah masalah kesehatan yang masih menjadi beban kesehatan Dunia karena angka prevelensi yang sangat tinggi yaitu, mencapai ½ miliar individu menderita Diabetes Melitus (DM) tipe 2. Daun Kelor adalah tanaman yang sering dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan makanan. Kandungan senyawa yang ada di dalam daun kelor memiliki peran sebagai anti-hipergkilemia. Ekstrak etanol daun kelor mengandung flavonoid. Flavonoid memiliki mekanisme menghambatan fosfodiesterase sehingga kadar cAMP dalam sel beta pankreas menjadi tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian metformin kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun kelor terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah tikus putih yang diinduksi aloksan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ekperimental laboratorium, dengan rancangan Posttest-only Control Group Design yang menggunakan binatang percobaan yaitu tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) . Menggunakan 4 kelompok hewan uji yaitu kelompok 1 (CMC-Na), kelompok 2 (Ekstrak dosis 100 mg/KgBB), kelompok 3 (Metformin dosis 12,5 mg/KgBB TIkus), kelompok 4 (kombinasi ekstrak dan metformin). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan glukosa darah tikus paling tinggi terjadi pada kelompok perlakuan Ekstrak daun kelor 100 mg/kg BB . Penurunan glukosa darah terjadi karena ekstrak daun kelor mengandung flavonoid yang dapat meningkatkan ekspresi GLUT 4 pada otot dan meningkatkan ambila glukosa oleh otot soleus melalui jalur PI3K dan PKC pada tikus.
Kata Kunci: Daun kelor; Metformin; Glukosa Darah
Rancang Bangun Alat Ukur Kadar Gula Darah Non-Invasive Berbasis Arduino Nano
Authors: Nurindah Susi , Daulay Abdul Halim 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAK

Diabetes merupakan penyakit kronis yang paling tinggi kenaikan angka prevalensinya saat ini dan merupakan sepuluh besar penyebab kematian di dunia. Saat ini di Indonesia jumlah penderita diabetes diperkirakan mencapai lebih dari 16 juta orang yang kemudian memiliki risiko terkena komplikasi. Alat yang disebut glukometer sering digunakan untuk memeriksa kadar gula darah. Ini menggunakan teknik kimia berbasis sensor dengan enzim glukosa oksidase sebagai komponen aktif. Perangkat ini membutuhkan sampel darah, setelah menusuk jari dengan jarum darah dikeluarkan dan sampel darah diambil yang disebut metode invasive. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni membuat gadget berbasis sensor Arduino nano untuk mendeteksi kadar gula darah tanpa mengganggu fotodioda dengan sampel uji berupa ruas teratas jari telunjuk tangan. Alasan menggunakan arduino nano pada penelitian ini dikarenakan komponennya yang lebih simpel dan biayanya yang relatif lebih murah. Hasil penelitian pengembangan sistem pemantauan gula darah non-invasive ini dapat bekerja dengan baik dan mengukur kadar gula darah dengan berbasiskan arduino nano. akurasi pembacaan sekitar 99,67% berdasarkan temuan perhitungan persentase kesalahan, atau ketidaktepatan rata-rata 0,33%. Jadi, realisasi pengukur gula darah non-invasive berbasiskan arduino nano ini dapat dijadikan sebagai alat pengukur gula darah tanpa melukai tubuh.

Kata Kunci: Diabetes, gula darah, arduino nano, LED, fotodioda.

ABSTRACT

Diabetes is a chronic disease with the highest prevalence rate increase at present and is the top ten causes of death in the world. Currently in Indonesia the number of diabetics is estimated to reach more than 16 million people who then have a risk of developing complications. An instrument called a glucometer is often used to check blood sugar levels. It uses a sensor-based chemical technique with the glucose oxidase enzyme as the active component. This device requires a blood sample, after pricking the finger with a needle the blood is removed and a blood sample is taken which is called an invasive method. The purpose of this research is to create an Arduino nano sensor-based gadget to detect blood sugar levels without disturbing the photodiode with the test sample in the form of the top segment of the index finger. The reason for using Arduino Nano in this study is because the components are simpler and the cost is relatively cheaper. The results of research on the development of this non-invasive blood sugar monitoring system can work well and measure blood sugar levels based on Arduino Nano. the accuracy of the reading is around 99.67% based on the findings of the calculation of the percentage of errors, or an average inaccuracy of 0.33%. So, the realization of this non-invasive blood sugar meter based on Arduino Nano can be used as a blood sugar meter without injuring the body.

Keywords: Diabetes, blood sugar, arduino nano, LED, photodiode.
JENIS PENALARAN ILMIAH APA YANG DIGUNAKAN MAHASISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN PERMASALAHAN SUHU DAN KALOR?: STUDI PADA PRAKTIKUM FISIKA UMUM
Authors: Harris Saputra Firman , Fathiah Alatas  , Ahmad Suryadi  
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAK

Salah satu kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh mahasiswa calon guru adalah kemampuan penalaran ilmiah. Meskipun demikian, kemampuan ini masih belum dilatihkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan penalaran ilmiah mahasiswa calon guru pada materi suhu dan kalor. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif dengan melibatkan 57 mahasiswa yang mengikuti perkuliahan fisika umum di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta tahun ajaran 2021/2022 selama empat bulan. Berbeda dengan kegiatan praktikum yang biasanya verifikatif, perkuliahan ini menggunakan modul Higher Order Thinking Laboratory (HOT-LAB) yang memuat Real World Problem pada tahap pra-praktikum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola penalaran ilmiah mahasiswa adalah penalaran probabilistik sebesar 84% yang terdiri dari 56% pada level 2 dimana merupakan kemampuan mahasiswa menjelaskan secara kualitatif, dan 44% pada level 3 dimana kemampuan mahasiswa menjelaskan secara kuantitatif. Sedangkan 16% pola penalaran mahasiswa adalah penalaran korelasi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar pola penalaran ilmiah mahasiswa calon guru dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan yang diberikan adalah penalaran probabilistik.

Kata kunci: Kalorimeter, Penalaran Ilmiah, Suhu dan Kalor,

ABSTRACT

The capacity for scientific reasoning is one of the talents that potential teacher candidates must possess. But this talent is still untrained. The purpose of this study is to evaluate prospective teacher students' capacity for scientific reasoning with regard to temperature and heat-related. This research is a descriptive study involving 57 students who attend general physics lectures at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta for the academic year 2021/2022 for four months. Different from practicum activities which are usually verified, this lecture uses the Higher Order Thinking Laboratory (HOT-LAB) module which contains Real World Problems at the pre-practicum stage. The results showed that the pattern of students' scientific reasoning was probabilistic reasoning by 84%, This comprises of 44% at level 3 where the student's quantitative explanation ability is assessed, and 56% at level 2 where the student's ability to explain qualitatively is assessed. While 16% of students' reasoning patterns are correlational reasoning. Therefore, it can be stated that the majority of prospective teachers' students' scientific reasoning techniques for addressing temperature and heat-related problems are probabilistic reasoning.

Keywords: calorimeter, scientific reasoning, temperature and heat-related,
ANALISIS PERTIMBANGAN HUKUM HAKIM DALAM PUTUSAN PENGADILAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PADA TINGKATAN PENGADILAN YANG BERBEDA (STUDI PUTUSAN PERKARA TIPIKOR DANA DESA TUGUIS KABUPATEN HALMAHERA UTARA TAHUN 2022)
Authors: Sulani Jitro , Malik Faissal , Anshar Anshar 
Published: July 2024

This article discusses legal considerations in court decisions on corruption of village funds at two different court levels based on Decision Number 5/Pid.Sus-TPK/2022/PN Tte at the first level and Decision Number 6/Pid.Sus-TPK/2022/PT Tte at the appeal level. The legal issue lies in the difference in judges' legal considerations related to the application of Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 of the Corruption Eradication Law. This research uses normative legal research with secondary data sourced from primary and secondary legal materials. In the data collection process, data collection techniques are used by means of literature studies which are then processed and analyzed qualitatively. The panel of judges who examined and tried the case of corruption of village funds based on the Corruption Court Decision at the North Maluku High Court Number 6/Pid.Sus-TPK/2022/PT Tte after examining based on legal facts had a different view from the panel of judges at the previous level. The judge at the high court level after examining the case file and based on the legal facts in the trial at the first level concluded that what was proven was not the primary charge of Article 2 paragraph (1) but the secondary charge of Article 3 with all legal considerations. However, in relation to the punishment imposed by the judge at the higher level, there is no difference with the form of punishment imposed by the judge at the first level. Both the imposition of imprisonment, fines and additional punishment in the form of payment of restitution.
PERBANDINGAN PERHITUNGAN DAYA DUKUNG TIANG PANCANG BERDASARKAN DATA SPT PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG KULAH BERSAMA V UMM DENGAN METODE REESE AND WIRHGT DAN BERBASIS APLIKASI ALLPILE
Authors: Hidayah Salsabila 
Published: July 2024

Proyek pembangunan Gedung Kuliah Bersama V Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang melakukan pengujian lapangan SPT pada 2 titik borehole untuk mengetahui nilai daya dukung pondasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam perhitungan daya dukung pondasi tiang pancang yaitu metode Reese and Wright untuk tiang tunggal, sedangkan untuk kelompok tiang menggunakan rumus Converse labarre yang didalam perhitungan tersebut menggunakan data tanah uji SPT dan akan dimodelkan dengan software Allpile.V7. Hasil yang diperoleh pada kedalaman 4m didapat nilai [Qult1;Qall1] sebesar [874.52 Kn;349.81 Kn] dan [ Qult2;Qall2] sebesar [216.7912 Kn; 86.717 Kn], pada kedalaman 6m didapat nilai [Qult1;Qall1] sebesar [1145.5 Kn;458.2 Kn] dan [ Qult2;Qall2] sebesar [571.077 Kn; 288.431 Kn], dan untuk kedalam 10m didapat nilai [Qult1;Qall1] sebesar [33749 Kn;13499.6 Kn] dan [ Qult2;Qall2] sebesar [1322.446 Kn; 528.978 Kn]. Hasil perhitungan metode Resse and Wirght lebih besar dari pada hasil Allpile v7.
Accelerated degradation testing impacts the degradation processes in 3D printed amorphous PLLA
Authors: Malone Luke P. , Best Serena M. , Cameron Ruth E. 
Published: July 2024

Additive manufacturing and electrospinning are widely used to create degradable biomedical components. This work presents important new data showing that the temperature used in accelerated tests has a significant impact on the degradation process in amorphous 3D printed poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) fibres. Samples (c. 100 μm diameter) were degraded in a fluid environment at 37°C, 50°C and 80 °C over a period of 6 months. Our findings suggest that across all three fluid temperatures, the fibres underwent bulk homogeneous degradation. A three-stage degradation process was identified by measuring changes in fluid pH, PLLA fibre mass, molecular weight and polydispersity index. At 37 °C, the fibres remained amorphous but, at elevated temperatures, the PLLA crystallised. A short-term hydration study revealed a reduction in glass transition (Tg), allowing the fibres to crystallise, even at temperatures below the dry Tg. The findings suggest that degradation testing of amorphous PLLA fibres at elevated temperatures changes the degradation pathway which, in turn, affects the sample crystallinity and microstructure. The implication is that, although higher temperatures might be suitable for testing bulk material, predictive testing of the degradation of amorphous PLLA fibres (such as those produced via 3D printing or electrospinning) should be conducted at 37 °C.
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency: estimation of prevalence in the Chinese population and analysis of genotype-phenotype association
Authors: Ni Qi , Tang Meiling , Chen Xiang , Lu Yulan , Wu Bingbing , Wang Huijun , Zhou Wenhao , Dong Xinran 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency (FBP1D) is a rare inborn error due to mutations in the FBP1 gene. The genetic spectrum of FBP1D in China is unknown, also nonspecific manifestations confuse disease diagnosis. We systematically estimated the FBP1D prevalence in Chinese and explored genotype-phenotype association.MethodsWe collected 101 FBP1 variants from our cohort and public resources, and manually curated pathogenicity of these variants. Ninety-seven pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were used in our cohort to estimate Chinese FBP1D prevalence by three methods: 1) carrier frequency, 2) permutation and combination, 3) Bayesian framework. Allele frequencies (AFs) of these variants in our cohort, China Metabolic Analytics Project (ChinaMAP) and gnomAD were compared to reveal the different hotspots in Chinese and other populations. Clinical and genetic information of 122 FBP1D patients from our cohort and published literature were collected to analyze the genotype-phenotypes association. Phenotypes of 68 hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) patients from our previous study were used to compare the phenotypic differences between these two fructose metabolism diseases.ResultsThe estimated Chinese FBP1D prevalence was 1/1,310,034. In the Chinese population, c.490G&gt;A and c.355G&gt;A had significantly higher AFs than in the non-Finland European population, and c.841G&gt;A had significantly lower AF value than in the South Asian population (all p values &lt; 0.05). The genotype-phenotype association analyses showed that patients carrying homozygous c.841G&gt;A were more likely to present increased urinary glycerol, carrying two CNVs (especially homozygous exon1 deletion) were often with hepatic steatosis, carrying compound heterozygous variants were usually with lethargy, and carrying homozygous variants were usually with ketosis and hepatic steatosis (all p values &lt; 0.05). By comparing to phenotypes of HFI patients, FBP1D patients were more likely to present hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and seizures (all p-value &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe prevalence of FBP1D in the Chinese population is extremely low. Genetic sequencing could effectively help to diagnose FBP1D.
Deep learning radiomics based on multimodal imaging for distinguishing benign and malignant breast tumours
Authors: Lu Guoxiu , Tian Ronghui , Yang Wei , Liu Ruibo , Liu Dongmei , Xiang Zijie , Zhang Guoxu 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop a deep learning radiomic model using multimodal imaging to differentiate benign and malignant breast tumours.MethodsMultimodality imaging data, including ultrasonography (US), mammography (MG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), from 322 patients (112 with benign breast tumours and 210 with malignant breast tumours) with histopathologically confirmed breast tumours were retrospectively collected between December 2018 and May 2023. Based on multimodal imaging, the experiment was divided into three parts: traditional radiomics, deep learning radiomics, and feature fusion. We tested the performance of seven classifiers, namely, SVM, KNN, random forest, extra trees, XGBoost, LightGBM, and LR, on different feature models. Through feature fusion using ensemble and stacking strategies, we obtained the optimal classification model for benign and malignant breast tumours.ResultsIn terms of traditional radiomics, the ensemble fusion strategy achieved the highest accuracy, AUC, and specificity, with values of 0.892, 0.942 [0.886–0.996], and 0.956 [0.873–1.000], respectively. The early fusion strategy with US, MG, and MRI achieved the highest sensitivity of 0.952 [0.887–1.000]. In terms of deep learning radiomics, the stacking fusion strategy achieved the highest accuracy, AUC, and sensitivity, with values of 0.937, 0.947 [0.887–1.000], and 1.000 [0.999–1.000], respectively. The early fusion strategies of US+MRI and US+MG achieved the highest specificity of 0.954 [0.867–1.000]. In terms of feature fusion, the ensemble and stacking approaches of the late fusion strategy achieved the highest accuracy of 0.968. In addition, stacking achieved the highest AUC and specificity, which were 0.997 [0.990–1.000] and 1.000 [0.999–1.000], respectively. The traditional radiomic and depth features of US+MG + MR achieved the highest sensitivity of 1.000 [0.999–1.000] under the early fusion strategy.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the potential of integrating deep learning and radiomic features with multimodal images. As a single modality, MRI based on radiomic features achieved greater accuracy than US or MG. The US and MG models achieved higher accuracy with transfer learning than the single-mode or radiomic models. The traditional radiomic and depth features of US+MG + MR achieved the highest sensitivity under the early fusion strategy, showed higher diagnostic performance, and provided more valuable information for differentiation between benign and malignant breast tumours.
A randomized sham-controlled trial of transcranial and intranasal photobiomodulation in Japanese patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: a protocol
Authors: Yokoi Yuma , Inagawa Takuma , Yamada Yuji , Matsui Makoto , Tomizawa Asumi , Noda Takamasa 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPhotobiomodulation (PBM) is a novel strategy for cognitive enhancement by improving brain metabolism and blood flow. It is potentially beneficial for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We present a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PBM.Method and analysisThis is a single-centre, parallel-group, randomised, sham-controlled study. We enroll patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to AD and assigned them to receive either active or sham stimulation at home for 12 weeks, with three sessions per week (20 min each). The stimulation involves invisible near-infrared light delivered by five applicators (one in a nostril, one on the frontal scalp, and three on the occipital scalp). The primary outcome will be the mean change in the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognition from baseline to Week 12. We will also measure cognitive function, activity of daily living, behavioral and psychological symptoms, and caregiver burden. We will collect data at clinics at baseline and Week 12 and remotely at home. We estimate a sample size of 30 (20 active and 10 sham) based on an expected mean difference of −6.9 and an SD of 4.8. We use linear models for the statistical analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Clinical Research Review Board (CRB3200004) approved this study. The results of this study will be published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration details Japan Registry of Clinical Trials jRCTs032230339.
Novel diagnostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer: assessing methylation status with epigenetic-specific peptide nucleic acid and KRAS mutation in cell-free DNA
Authors: Kim Hongsik , Chu Jinah , Do In-Gu , Lee Yong-Pyo , Kim Hee Kyung , Yang Yaewon , Kwon Jihyun , Lee Ki Hyeong , Batochir Chinbayar , Jo Eunji , Kim Kyo Rim , Han Hye Sook 
Published: July 2024

PurposePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis that poses challenges for diagnosis using traditional tissue-based techniques. DNA methylation alterations have emerged as potential and promising biomarkers for PDAC. In this study, we aimed to assess the diagnostic potential of a novel DNA methylation assay based on epigenetic-specific peptide nucleic acid (Epi-sPNA) in both tissue and plasma samples for detecting PDAC.Materials and methodsThe study involved 46 patients with PDAC who underwent surgical resection. Epi-TOP pancreatic assay was used to detect PDAC-specific epigenetic biomarkers. The Epi-sPNA allowed accurate and rapid methylation analysis without bisulfite sample processing. Genomic DNA extracted from paired normal pancreatic and PDAC tissues was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of epigenetic biomarkers for PDAC. Subsequent validation was conducted on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from plasma samples, with 10 individuals represented in each group: PDAC, benign pancreatic cystic neoplasm, and healthy control.ResultsThe combination of seven epigenetic biomarkers (HOXA9, TWIST, WT1, RPRM, BMP3, NPTX2, and BNC1) achieved 93.5% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity in discerning normal pancreatic from PDAC tissues. Plasma cfDNA, analyzed using these markers and KRAS mutations, exhibited a substantial 90.0% sensitivity, 95.0% specificity, and an overall 93.3% accuracy for discriminating PDAC. Notably, cancer antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen both had an accuracy of 90.0%.ConclusionOur study suggests that analyzing seven differentially methylated genes with KRAS mutations in cfDNA using the novel Epi-TOP pancreatic assay is a potential blood-based biomarker for the diagnosis of PDAC.
Safe(r)-by-design principles in the thermoplastics industry: guidance on release assessment during manufacture of nano-enabled products
Authors: McLean Polly , Hanlon James , Salmatonidis Apostolos , Galea Karen S. , Brooker Finlay , Citterio Cristiano , Magni Daniele , Vázquez-Campos Socorro , Lotti Davide , Boyles Matthew S. P. 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe application of nanomaterials (NMs) and nano-enabled products (NEPs) across many industries has been extensive and is still expanding decades after first being identified as an emerging technology. Additive manufacturing has been greatly impacted and has seen the benefits of integrating NMs within products. With the expansion of nanotechnology, there has been a need to develop more adaptive and responsive methods to ascertain risks and ensure technology is developed safely. The Safe(r)-by-Design (SbD) concept can be used to establish safe parameters and minimise risks during the materials’ lifecycle, including the early stages of the supply chain. Exposure monitoring has advanced in recent years with the creation of standardised protocols for occupational exposure assessment of nano-objects and their aggregates and agglomerates (NOAA).MethodsTo aid in the development of an online SbD-supporting platform by the EU-funded project SAbyNA, we adopt a Europe Standard for monitoring release of NOAA to identify if a greater release of NOAA is associated with incorporation of NMs within NEPs compared to a polymer matrix alone. Case studies included filaments of polypropylene (PP) with nano-Ag or polycarbonate (PC) with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). NMs were received in masterbatch, and therefore previously modified to align with SbD interventions. Results were collected in line with European Standard recommendations: monitoring particle concentrations using direct reading instruments (DRI), sampling for offline chemical and morphological analysis, and collecting contextual information.Results and discussionBased on the criteria described in the European standard (BS EN 17058), data from both case studies identified that inhalation exposure relating to NM was “unlikely”. Despite this, during the production of the SWCNT-PC filaments, some noteworthy observations were made, including several DRI activity measurements shown to be higher than background levels, and material morphologically similar to the reference SWCNT/polymeric masterbatch observed in offline analysis. The data collected during this campaign were used to discuss choices available for data interpretation and decision-making in the European Standard for monitoring release of NOAA and also to facilitate the development of SAbyNA’s user-friendly industry platform for the SbD of NMs and NEPs.