bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Local Histogram Searching via Bitmap Indexing
Authors: Wei Tzu‐Hsuan , Chen Chun‐Ming , Biswas Ayan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRepresenting features by local histograms is a proven technique in several volume analysis and visualization applications including feature tracking and transfer function design. The efficiency of these applications, however, is hampered by the high computational complexity of local histogram computation and matching. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to accelerate local histogram search by leveraging bitmap indexing. Our method avoids exhaustive searching of all voxels in the spatial domain by examining only the voxels whose values fall within the value range of user‐defined local features and their neighborhood. Based on the idea that the value range of local features is in general much smaller than the dynamic range of the entire dataset, we propose a local voting scheme to construct the local histograms so that only a small number of voxels need to be examined. Experimental results show that our method can reduce much computational workload compared to the conventional approaches. To demonstrate the utility of our method, an interactive interface was developed to assist users in defining target features as local histograms and identify the locations of these features in the dataset.
Compressive Volume Rendering
Authors: Liu Xiaoyang , Alim Usman R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCompressive rendering refers to the process of reconstructing a full image from a small subset of the rendered pixels, thereby expediting the rendering task. In this paper, we empirically investigate three image order techniques for compressive rendering that are suitable for direct volume rendering. The first technique is based on the theory of compressed sensing and leverages the sparsity of the image gradient in the Fourier domain. The latter techniques exploit smoothness properties of the rendered image; the second technique recovers the missing pixels via a total variation minimization procedure while the third technique incorporates a smoothness prior in a variational reconstruction framework employing interpolating cubic B‐splines. We compare and contrast the three techniques in terms of quality, efficiency and sensitivity to the distribution of pixels. Our results show that smoothness‐based techniques significantly outperform techniques that are based on compressed sensing and are also robust in the presence of highly incomplete information. We achieve high quality recovery with as little as 20% of the pixels distributed uniformly in screen space.
Visual Analysis of Spatio‐Temporal Data: Applications in Weather Forecasting
Authors: Diehl A. , Pelorosso L. , Delrieux C. , Saulo C. , Ruiz J. , Gröller M. E. , Bruckner S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWeather conditions affect multiple aspects of human life such as economy, safety, security, and social activities. For this reason, weather forecast plays a major role in society. Currently weather forecasts are based on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models that generate a representation of the atmospheric flow. Interactive visualization of geo‐spatial data has been widely used in order to facilitate the analysis of NWP models. This paper presents a visualization system for the analysis of spatio‐temporal patterns in short‐term weather forecasts. For this purpose, we provide an interactive visualization interface that guides users from simple visual overviews to more advanced visualization techniques. Our solution presents multiple views that include a timeline with geo‐referenced maps, an integrated webmap view, a forecast operation tool, a curve‐pattern selector, spatial filters, and a linked meteogram. Two key contributions of this work are the timeline with geo‐referenced maps and the curve‐pattern selector. The latter provides novel functionality that allows users to specify and search for meaningful patterns in the data. The visual interface of our solution allows users to detect both possible weather trends and errors in the weather forecast model. We illustrate the usage of our solution with a series of case studies that were designed and validated in collaboration with domain experts.
Map‐based Visualizations Increase Recall Accuracy of Data
Authors: Saket Bahador , Scheidegger Carlos , Kobourov Stephen G. , Börner Katy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe investigate the memorability of data represented in two different visualization designs. In contrast to recent studies that examine which types of visual information make visualizations memorable, we examine the effect of different visualizations on time and accuracy of recall of the displayed data, minutes and days after interaction with the visualizations. In particular, we describe the results of an evaluation comparing the memorability of two different visualizations of the same relational data: node‐link diagrams and map‐based visualization. We find significant differences in the accuracy of the tasks performed, and these differences persist days after the original exposure to the visualizations. Specifically, participants in the study recalled the data better when exposed to map‐based visualizations as opposed to node‐link diagrams. We discuss the scope of the study and its limitations, possible implications, and future directions.
Finite‐Time Mass Separation for Comparative Visualizations of Inertial Particles
Authors: Günther Tobias , Theisel Holger 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe visual analysis of flows with inertial particle trajectories is a challenging problem because time‐dependent particle trajectories additionally depend on mass, which gives rise to an infinite number of possible trajectories passing through every point in space‐time. This paper presents an approach to a comparative visualization of the inertial particles’ separation behavior. For this, we define the Finite‐Time Mass Separation (FTMS), a scalar field that measures at each point in the domain how quickly inertial particles separate that were released from the same location but with slightly different mass. Extracting and visualizing the mass that induces the largest separation provides a simplified view on the critical masses. By using complementary coordinated views, we additionally visualize corresponding inertial particle trajectories in space‐time by integral curves and surfaces. For a quantitative analysis, we plot Euclidean and arc length‐based distances to a reference particle over time, which allows to observe the temporal evolution of separation events. We demonstrate our approach on a number of analytic and one real‐world unsteady 2D field.
Phonotactic behaviour and vertical sound source localisation of the parasitoid fly Emblemasoma auditrix (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: TRON NANINA , BEUTER LIESA‐KRISTIN , LAKES‐HARLAN REINHARD 
Published: July 2015

1. Acoustically guided movement in a three‐dimensional space is a complex behavioural task performed notably by birds, bats, and some insect species. The precision of acoustic orientation depends on the directionality of the hearing system as well as on auditory behaviour.2. The fly Emblemasoma auditrix Diptera (Sarcophagidae) is a parasitoid of the cicada Okanagana rimosa Auchenorrhyncha (Cicadidae) and locates its host in the complex habitat of a forest. The phonotactic behaviour of the fly was analysed experimentally with emphasis on the vertical domain in the field. Different experimental setups allowed discriminating subsequent steps in the phonotactic behaviour of E. auditrix.3. During the phonotactic flight, flies first landed on landmarks, which were used to re‐adjust to the elevation of the sound source. Acoustic targets were located from these resting positions. The sound source elevation was detected at the start of the flight as the longitudinal body axis was adjusted to the inclination of the target sound source.4. Flies usually did not land directly upon the sound source, but landed nearby, and most often above the target. Within the target area, types of movement for the final approach differed in respect to target position; flies walked predominantly if the final target was located above or below, but for horizontally located targets much of the distance was covered by flight.5. In conclusion, E. auditrix can locate the acoustic target in complex habitats and uses a flexible multi‐step approach for short‐range phonotaxis.
Electromyography‐based seizure detector: Preliminary results comparing a generalized tonic–clonic seizure detection algorithm to video‐EEG recordings
Authors: Szabó Charles Ákos , Morgan Lola C. , Karkar Kameel M. , Leary Linda D. , Lie Octavian V. , Girouard Michael , Cavazos José E. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectiveAutomatic detection of generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) will facilitate patient monitoring and early intervention to prevent comorbidities, recurrent seizures, or death. Brain Sentinel (San Antonio, Texas, USA) developed a seizure‐detection algorithm evaluating surface electromyography (sEMG) signals during GTCS. This study aims to validate the seizure‐detection algorithm using inpatient video–electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring.MethodssEMG was recorded unilaterally from the biceps/triceps muscles in 33 patients (17white/16 male) with a mean age of 40 (range 14–64) years who were admitted for video‐EEG monitoring. Maximum voluntary biceps contraction was measured in each patient to set up the baseline physiologic muscle threshold. The raw EMG signal was recorded using conventional amplifiers, sampling at 1,024 Hz and filtered with a 60 Hz noise detection algorithm before it was processed with three band‐pass filters at pass frequencies of 3–40, 130–240, and 300–400 Hz. A seizure‐detection algorithm utilizing Hotelling's T‐squared power analysis of compound muscle action potentials was used to identify GTCS and correlated with video‐EEG recordings.ResultsIn 1,399 h of continuous recording, there were 196 epileptic seizures (21 GTCS, 96 myoclonic, 28 tonic, 12 absence, and 42 focal seizures with or without loss of awareness) and 4 nonepileptic spells. During retrospective, offline evaluation of sEMG from the biceps alone, the algorithm detected 20 GTCS (95%) in 11 patients, averaging within 20 s of electroclinical onset of generalized tonic activity, as identified by video‐EEG monitoring. Only one false‐positive detection occurred during the postictal period following a GTCS, but false alarms were not triggered by other seizure types or spells.SignificanceBrain Sentinel's seizure detection algorithm demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity for identifying GTCS recorded in an epilepsy monitoring unit. Further studies are needed in larger patient groups, including children, especially in the outpatient setting.
Prostanoids are not involved in postocclusive reactive hyperaemia in human skin
Authors: Hellmann Marcin , Gaillard‐Bigot Florence , Roustit Matthieu , Cracowski Jean‐Luc 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSeveral mediators contribute to postocclusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) in the skin, including sensory nerves and endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factors. The main objective of this study was to investigate the specific involvement of prostanoids in human skin PORH. We tested the effect of the inhibition of cyclo‐oxygenases (COX) by 4 mm ketoprofen, infused through microdialysis fibers inserted into the healthy volunteers forearm skin, following 5 min brachial artery occlusion. Skin microvascular blood flux was recorded using two‐dimensional Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging. Maximal cutaneous vascular conductance (CVCmax) was obtained following the perfusion of 29 mm sodium nitroprusside. A systematic review of the effects of COX inhibitors on skin peak PORH was also performed. We observed no significant difference between ketoprofen and placebo for the PORH peak (78 ± 8 and 71 ± 19% CVCmax, respectively) and area under the curve (2951 ± 721 and 2490 ± 936% CVCmax.s). A meta‐analysis showed a substantial heterogeneity between studies, with overall a neutral effect of COX inhibition on peak PORH. Cyclo‐oxygenase inhibition does not alter skin PORH, suggesting no involvement of prostanoids in cutaneous postocclusive vasodilatation in healthy humans.
Forest tree growth response to hydroclimate variability in the southern Appalachians
Authors: Elliott Katherine J. , Miniat Chelcy F. , Pederson Neil , Laseter Stephanie H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractClimate change will affect tree species growth and distribution; however, under the same climatic conditions species may differ in their response according to site conditions. We evaluated the climate‐driven patterns of growth for six dominant deciduous tree species in the southern Appalachians. We categorized species into two functional groups based on their stomatal regulation and xylem architecture: isohydric, diffuse porous and anisohydric, ring porous. We hypothesized that within the same climatic regime: (i) species‐specific differences in growth will be conditional on topographically mediated soil moisture availability; (ii) in extreme drought years, functional groups will have markedly different growth responses; and (iii) multiple hydroclimate variables will have direct and indirect effects on growth for each functional group. We used standardized tree‐ring chronologies to examine growth of diffuse‐porous (Acer, Liriodendron, and Betula) and ring‐porous (Quercus) species vs. on‐site climatic data from 1935 to 2003. Quercus species growing on upslope sites had higher basal area increment (BAI) than Quercus species growing on mesic, cove sites; whereas, Acer and Liriodendron had lower BAI on upslope compared to cove sites. Diffuse‐porous species were more sensitive to climate than ring porous, especially during extreme drought years. Across functional groups, radial growth was more sensitive to precipitation distribution, such as small storms and dry spell length (DSL), rather than the total amount of precipitation. Based on structural equation modeling, diffuse‐porous species on upslope sites were the most sensitive to multiple hydroclimate variables (r2 = 0.46), while ring‐porous species on upslope sites were the least sensitive (r2 = 0.32). Spring precipitation, vapor pressure deficit, and summer storms had direct effects on summer AET/P, and summer AET/P, growing season small storms and DSL partially explained growth. Decreasing numbers of small storms and extending the days between rainfall events will result in significant growth reduction, even in regions with relatively high total annual rainfall.
Improvement of the ACE‐inhibitory and DPPH radical scavenging activities of soya protein hydrolysates through pepsin pretreatment
Authors: Zhang Yuanhong , Sun Weizheng , Zhao Mouming , Su Guowan , Ning Zhengxiang , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effect of pepsin pretreatment on the ACE‐inhibitory and DPPH radical scavenging activities of soya protein hydrolysates prepared with alcalase and protamex. The protein recovery, TCA‐soluble peptide content, surface hydrophobicity, particle size and zeta potential were evaluated. Results showed that the hydrolysates exhibited varying ACE‐inhibitory (i.e. the highest value 72.6% by alcalase and 84.3% by protamex) and DPPH radical scavenging activities (i.e. the highest value 51.9% by alcalase and 51.7% by protamex). Pepsin pretreatment could make soya proteins more susceptible for hydrolysis, and the results showed that the ACE‐inhibitory and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the resultant hydrolysates were improved. A highly significant positive correlation between ACE‐inhibitory and DPPH radical scavenging activities was observed in the alcalase hydrolysates, while no significant correlation among other treatments. The physical properties of hydrolysates, that is surface hydrophobicity, particle size and zeta potential, could influence their ACE‐inhibitory and DPPH radical scavenging activities.
Nursing curricula relating to care for disabled children: literature review
Authors: Ilkhani Mahnaz , Glasper Alan , Jarrett Nikki 
Published: July 2015

AimTo provide a literature review of nursing curricula relating to care for children with disabilities.BackgroundChildren with disabilities do not receive adequate attention in nursing curricula for children.IntroductionThe best approach to promoting the standard of care delivery to children with disabilities is to improve the quantity and quality of training among health professionals.MethodsWe conducted the review using three databases, CINAHL, MEDLINE and ProQuest, between the years 1990 and 2015. The review commenced in 2012 and was updated in 2015. Seventy‐eight studies were initially identified.ResultsOut of 78 retrieved articles, only six research articles contained all the keywords ‘education’, ‘disability’ and ‘curriculum’; no articles contained all the keywords ‘nursing education, ‘children with disabilities’ and ‘curriculum’.DiscussionFive themes have been generated from the literature review relating to disability content within nursing curricula, namely: overloaded curriculum, gaps in the contemporary curricula, lack of faculty expertise, problems with teaching methods and focus on the medical model.ConclusionThere was a paucity of evidence for the way that disability was presented in the nursing curricula for children.Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyImproving the provision of care delivery to children with disabilities should be paid adequate attention in nursing curricula for children. Additionally, there is a need for policy‐makers to identify the best coverage of nursing curricula, as well as the most effective nurse training methods that enhance knowledge and clinical skills relating to the care of children with disabilities.
Effect of piracetam and nimodipine on full‐thickness skin burns in rabbits
Authors: Sari Elif , Dincel Gungor C 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe potential of several drugs for full‐thickness skin burns has been investigated, but the treatment of such burns remains a challenge in plastic surgery. The present study was designed to determine the effect of systemic and topical administration of piracetam and nimodipine on full‐thickness skin burn wound healing. A total of 36 New Zealand male rabbits were divided into six groups. Full‐thickness skin burns were produced in all the groups, except the control group. Piracetam was administered systemically (piracetam‐IV) and topically (piracetam‐C) for 14 days, and nimodipine was administered systemically (nimodipine‐IV) and topically (nimodipine‐C) over the burn wounds for 14 days. The sham group underwent burn injury but was not administered any drug. After 21 days, gross examination and histopathological analysis were performed and the results were compared statistically. Nimodipine‐C and nimodipine‐IV had no effect on burn wound healing. However, both piracetam‐IV and piracetam‐C significantly enhanced the healing of the full‐thickness skin burn wounds, although the latter was more effective, useful and practical in burn wound healing. The histopathological features of the wounds in the piracetam‐C group were closer to those of the control group than those of the other groups. Piracetam‐C rather than piracetam‐IV may promote full‐thickness burn wound healing in rabbits.
Ceratomyxa tunisiensis n. sp. (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) from the Gallbladders of Two Carangid Fish Caught Off the Coast of Tunisia
Authors: Thabet Aouatef , Mansour Lamjed , Al Omar Suliman Y. , Tlig‐Zouari Sabiha 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA new coelozoic Myxozoan species, Ceratomyxa tunisiensis n. sp., was found infecting the gallbladders of two carangid fish, Caranx rhonchus and Trachurus trachurus (Perciforme, Carangidae), from the Gulf of Gabès, on the southern coast of Tunisia. The parasite develops in spherical mono‐, diplo‐, or polysporic tropozoites in the gallbladder of the hosts. Mature spores are typical of the genus Ceratomyxa. They are transversely elongated and narrowly crescent‐shaped with a slightly convex anterior and concave posterior, and measure 23 ± 0. 27 (20–25) μm width × 6 ± 0.26 (5–8) μm in length. Spore shell valves are symmetrical with rounded ends. Two spherical polar capsules situated on either side of the sutural line measure 2.2 μm (2.0–3.0) in diam. Periodical sampling of C. rhonchus and T. trachurus from Marsh 2012 to February 2013 showed that infection due to C. tunisiensis occurs in 59% and 69% of the examined fish, respectively. Molecular analysis based on the small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequence shows high genetic divergence with all other ceratomyxid species. A Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree shows association with the species C. leatharjecketi Fiala, kova, Kodadkova, Freeman, Bartošova‐Sojkova, and Atkinson, 2015 reported from the gallbladder of Aluterusmonoceros (L.) caught in the Andaman Sea, off Malaysia. Nonetheless, the SSU rRNA sequences of C. tunisiensis and C. leatharjecketi have only a 90% similarity.
Effects of wheat protein in milk replacers on abomasal emptying rate in calves
Authors: Wittek T. , Ernstberger M. , Muckenhuber M. , Flöck M. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryDiarrhoea is a condition with tremendous impact on calf health. Infectious agents play a dominant role; however, non‐infective factors may also contribute to pathogenesis of diarrhoea. One factor, the abomasal emptying rate, is mainly influenced by the composition of feed. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of different protein sources in milk replacers on abomasal emptying rate and clinical parameters. The effect of increasing age of the calves on abomasal emptying was also evaluated. The study compared abomasal emptying rates and clinical parameters in calves, which were fed either milk replacer containing only whey protein or one which partially contained wheat protein. Abomasal emptying rate was estimated by ultrasonography. Ten calves were used in the study over 18 days, and each calf was fed 3 periods of 3 days length using different milk replacers in an alternating crossover design. The abomasum was emptied significantly faster when the wheat protein containing milk replacer was fed (half‐emptying time wheat protein 49.1 ± 4.1 min, half‐emptying time milk protein 59.1 ± 7.4 min); however, clinical parameters and weight gain did not differ between the feeding regimes. Age did not significantly influence abomasal emptying rate. As milk replacers containing wheat proteins increased abomasal emptying rate, they may have a higher potential to initiate diarrhoea, especially if high volumes are fed. Thus, the feeding regimes are likely to be even more important when such milk replacers are used.