bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting Clinically Meaningful Biomarkers with Repeated Measurements: An Illustration with Electronic Health Records
Authors: Goldstein Benjamin A. , Assimes Themistocles , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Hastie Trevor 
Published: February 2015

Summary
Data sources with repeated measurements are an appealing resource to understand the relationship between changes in biological markers and risk of a clinical event. While longitudinal data present opportunities to observe changing risk over time, these analyses can be complicated if the measurement of clinical metrics is sparse and/or irregular, making typical statistical methods unsuitable. In this article, we use electronic health record (EHR) data as an example to present an analytic procedure to both create an analytic sample and analyze the data to detect clinically meaningful markers of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Using an EHR from a large national dialysis organization we abstracted the records of 64,318 individuals and identified 4769 people that had an MI during the study period. We describe a nested case-control design to sample appropriate controls and an analytic approach using regression splines. Fitting a mixed-model with truncated power splines we perform a series of goodness-of-fit tests to determine whether any of 11 regularly collected laboratory markers are useful clinical predictors. We test the clinical utility of each marker using an independent test set. The results suggest that EHR data can be easily used to detect markers of clinically acute events. Special software or analytic tools are not needed, even with irregular EHR data.
Joint Modeling of Cross-Sectional Health Outcomes and Longitudinal Predictors via Mixtures of Means and Variances
Authors: Jiang Bei , Elliott Michael R. , Sammel Mary D. , Wang Naisyin 
Published: February 2015

Summary
Joint modeling methods have become popular tools to link important features extracted from longitudinal data to a primary event. While most modeling strategies have focused on the association between the longitudinal mean trajectories and risk of an event, we consider joint models that incorporate information from both long-term trends and short-term variability in a longitudinal submodel. We also consider both shared random effect and latent class (LC) approaches in the primary-outcome model to predict a binary outcome of interest. We develop simulation studies to compare and contrast these two modeling strategies; in particular, we study in detail the effects of the primary-outcome model misspecification. Among other findings, we note that when we analyze data from a shared random-effect using a LC model while the information from the longitudinal data is weak, the LC approach is more sensitive to such a model misspecification. Under this setting, the LC model has a superior performance in within-sample prediction that cannot be duplicated when predicting new samples. This is a unique feature of the LC approach that is new as far as we know to the existing literature. Finally, we use the proposed models to study how follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) trajectories are related to the risk of developing severe hot flashes for participating women in the Penn Ovarian Aging Study.
Repeated implantation failure: a new potential treatment option
Authors: Makrigiannakis Antonis , BenKhalifa Moncef , Vrekoussis Thomas , Mahjub Sami , Kalantaridou Sophia N. , Gurgan Timur 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that the intrauterine administration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) may improve pregnancy outcome of women with repeated implantation failure (RIF). We have demonstrated that, during implantation, corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) plays a key role in facilitating endometrial decidualization and maternal–foetal immunotolerance. In the present preliminary study, we investigated whether the intrauterine administration of autologous CRH‐treated PBMC can improve clinical pregnancy rates of women with RIF.MethodsForty‐five (n = 45) women with at least three failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts and no previously reported clinical pregnancy were included in this crossover study. All women underwent controlled ovarian stimulation using the long GnRH agonist protocol. PBMC were isolated at day of oocyte retrieval, treated with CRH and administered in the uterine cavity at day 2, following oocyte retrieval. Blastocyst transfer was performed on day 5.ResultsFollowing the CRH‐PBMC intrauterine administration, a significant increase was observed in the clinical pregnancy rate of this cohort of women with RIF (20/45 women had a clinical pregnancy; 44·44%, P < 10−3) compared to the previous null clinical pregnancy rate prior to the intervention.ConclusionThe current findings support a possible role for the intrauterine administration of autologous CRH‐treated PBMC in treating women with RIF. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the efficacy of this intervention.
Peer support for CKD patients and carers: overcoming barriers and facilitating access
Authors: Taylor Francesca , Gutteridge Robin , Willis Carol 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundPeer support is valued by its users. Nevertheless, there is initial low take‐up of formal peer support programmes among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with fewer patients participating than expressing an interest. There is little evidence on reasons for low participation levels. Few studies have examined the perspectives of carers.ObjectiveTo explore with CKD patients and carers their needs, wants and expectations from formal peer support and examine how barriers to participation may be overcome.MethodsQualitative interviews with a sample of 26 CKD stage five patients and carers. Principles of Grounded Theory were applied to data coding and analysis.SettingSix NHS Hospital Trusts.ResultsWhilst informal peer support might occur naturally and is welcomed, a range of emotional and practical barriers inhibit take‐up of more formalized support. Receptivity varies across time and the disease trajectory and is associated with emotional readiness; patients and carers needing to overcome complex psychological hurdles such as acknowledging support needs. Practical barriers include limited understanding of peer support. An attractive peer relationship is felt to involve reciprocity based on sharing experiences and both giving and receiving support. Establishing rapport is linked with development of reciprocity.ConclusionsThere is potential to facilitate active uptake of formal peer support by addressing the identified barriers. Our study suggests several facilitation methods, brought together in a conceptual model, including clinician promotion of peer support as an intervention suitable for anyone with CKD and their carers, and opportunity for choice of peer supporter.
Immunohistochemical study of endometrial high‐grade endometrioid carcinoma with or without a concurrent low‐grade component: implications for pathogenetic and survival differences
Authors: Mao Tsui‐Lien , Ayhan Ayse , Kuo Kuang‐Ting , Lin Ming‐Chieh , Tseng Li‐Hui , Ogawa Hiroshi 
Published: February 2015

AimsTo compare the clinical and pathogenetic differences between high‐grade (HG) endometrioid carcinomas with and without concurrent low‐grade (LG) components.Methods and resultsThe expression of ARID1A, PTEN, p53 and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in HG endometrioid carcinomas without (n = 19) or with (n = 22) concurrent LG endometrioid carcinomas was studied by immunohistochemistry. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was also tested in 31 cases. The frequencies of ARID1A loss, PTEN loss, MMR deficiency or MSI and aberrant p53 expression were 58%, 37%, 37% and 47% in pure HG tumours, and 77%, 45%, 55% and 32% in HG tumours with concurrent LG components (P = 0.07 for ARID1A; P > 0.1 for other proteins). Pure HG tumours had a higher frequency of the type II phenotype (positive for ARID1A, PTEN and MMR proteins; aberrant p53 expression) than HG tumours with concurrent LG components (21% versus 5%) (P = 0.2). The 5‐year overall survival rate was worse for pure HG tumours (61.7%) than for HG tumours with concurrent LG components (93.3%) (P = 0.07).ConclusionsHG endometrioid carcinomas are heterogeneous in pathogenesis: some arise from LG endometrioid carcinomas via the type I pathway, whereas others may arise de novo through either the type I pathway or the type II pathway, and have a different prognosis. Thus, HG endometrioid carcinomas should be subclassified properly and treated accordingly.
Periosteal chondrosarcoma: a histopathological and molecular analysis of a rare chondrosarcoma subtype
Authors: Cleven Arjen H G , Zwartkruis Evita , Hogendoorn Pancras C W , Kroon Herman M , Briaire‐de Bruijn Inge , Bovée Judith V M G 
Published: February 2015

AimsPeriosteal chondrosarcoma is a rare, malignant cartilage‐forming neoplasm originating from the periosteal surface of bone. We collected 38 cases from the archives of the Netherlands Committee on Bone Tumours, with the aim of studying histological features and evaluating the involvement of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), EXT, Wnt/β‐catenin, the pRB pathway (CDK4 and p16), and the TP53 pathway (p53 and MDM2).Methods and resultsHistology showed a moderately cellular matrix with mucoid–myxoid changes and, in 42% of cases, formation of a neocortex. Occasional intramedullary extension (26%) and subsequent host bone entrapment (40%) were seen. Histological grading revealed grade 1 (53%) and grade 2 (45%). The EXT1 protein was normally expressed, and mutations in IDH1 were observed in only 15% of cases. pRb signalling was deregulated by loss of p16 expression in 50% of cases, and Wnt signalling was lost in 89%. No alterations were found in CDK4, p53, or MDM2.ConclusionsWe report the first large histological and molecular study on periosteal chondrosarcoma showing that histopathological examination and molecular aberrations do not predict prognosis. Although the mutation frequency of IDH1 was low, we confirm the supposed relationship with central chondrosarcoma. Moreover, we identify loss of canonical Wnt signalling and deregulation of pRb signalling as possible events contributing to its histogenesis.
TIME, NARRATIVE, AND FICTION: THE UNEASY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RICOEUR AND A HETEROGENEOUS TEMPORALITY
Authors: JANSEN HARRY 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn Time and Narrative, Paul Ricoeur confirms the relationship between time experience and how it is epitomized in a narrative by investigating historiography and fiction. Regarding fiction, he explores temporality in three “novels of time” [Zeitromane]: Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf, The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann, and À la recherche du temps perdu by Marcel Proust. Ricoeur perceives the temporalities as homogeneous; however, in my view, the novels contain at least three different temporalities. Mann seeks a new temporality by ironizing a romantic time of rise and fall and Woolf configures a time we can call the simultaneity of the dissimultaneous. In his analysis of Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu, Ricoeur explicitly dismisses a Bergsonian approach to temporality. In my opinion, Bergson defends a heterogeneous time that is apparent in Proust's novel.
REIMAGINING REPRESSION: NEW CENSORSHIP THEORY AND AFTER
Authors: BUNN MATTHEW 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTEmerging from the work of Foucault and Bourdieu in particular, a powerful theoretical critique of prevailing notions of censorship and its opposite, free speech, emerged in the waning decades of the last century. The principal theoretical contribution, I will argue, of this “New Censorship Theory” has been not to overthrow the dominant liberal conception of censorship, but rather to bracket this conception as a separate and ultimately subordinate species of censorship. In this article I reexamine the development of New Censorship Theory, especially its antecedents in the Marxist critique of bourgeois civil society. In place of an exclusive focus upon state actions, newer conceptions of censorship have enshrined self‐censorship as the paradigm and have seen traditional forms of censorship as secondary to impersonal, structural forms like the market. I argue that historians' qualms about New Censorship Theory stem from concerns over this erasure of the specificity of state repressive force. Rather than simply accepting the division of censorship into a dichotomy of repressive/authoritative and productive/structural, this article argues that no strict distinction ought to be drawn. Instead, investigations of censorship in the traditional sense must incorporate the insights of newer theories to understand state censors as actors internal to communication networks, and not as external, accidental features. By investigating the intellectual trajectory of New Censorship Theory, I posit a way forward for historians to incorporate its insights while addressing their concerns.
DOES HISTORY MATTER? CHARLES TAYLOR ON THE TRANSCENDENTAL VALIDITY OF SOCIAL IMAGINARIES
Authors: VANHEESWIJCK GUIDO 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSince its appearance in 2007, Charles Taylor's monumental book A Secular Age has received much attention. One of the central issues in the discussions around Taylor's book is the role of history in philosophical argumentation, in particular with regard to normative positions on ultimate affairs. Many critics observe a methodological flaw in using history in philosophical argumentation in that there is an alleged discrepancy between Taylor's historical approach, on the one hand, and his defense of fullness in terms of openness to transcendence, on the other. Since his “faith‐based history” is unwittingly apologetic, it is not only “hard to judge in strictly historical terms,” but it also proves that “when it comes to the most ultimate affairs history may not matter at all.”This paper challenges this verdict by exposing the misunderstanding underlying this interpretation of the role of history in Taylor's narrative. In order to disambiguate the relation between history and philosophy in Taylor's approach, I will raise three questions. First, what is the precise relation between history and ontology, taking into account the ontological validity of what Taylor calls social imaginaries? Second, why does “fullness” get a universal status in his historical narrative? Third, is Taylor's position tenable that the contemporary experience of living within “an immanent frame” allows for an openness to transcendence?In order to answer these questions, I will first compare Peter Gordon's interpretation of the status of social imaginaries with Taylor's position and, on the basis of that comparison, distinguish two definitions of ontology (sections I and II). Subsequently, I try to make it clear that precisely Taylor's emphasis on the historical character of social imaginaries and on their “relaxed” ontological anchorage allows for his claim that “fullness” might have a trans‐historical character (section III). Finally, I would like to show that Taylor's defense of the possibility of an “openness to transcendence”—as a specific mode of fullness—is not couched in “onto‐theological” terms, as suggested by his critics, but that it is the very outcome of taking into account the current historical situation (section IV).
THE LIVING PAST
Authors: Leach Stephen 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIt is argued that although this book will be of interest to any scholar interested in Croce, Gentile, or de Ruggiero, it will be of particular interest to those interested in R. G. Collingwood, for the ultimate focus of the book is upon Collingwood's philosophy and how it developed in relation to the work of the Italian idealists. This is a subject that has not previously been investigated in any depth. Peters argues that the basic idea that unites all four philosophers is that “the past is not dead, but living”; but what distinguishes Collingwood's philosophy from the Italians' is the idea, and its justification, that “the past can live on even if we are not aware of it.” Collingwood explored and developed this idea in reaction to the “presentism” of the Italians, a position that is most obvious in the philosophy of Gentile but that is also to be found, albeit less obviously, in the philosophies of Croce and de Ruggiero.Without casting doubt upon the influence of the Italian idealists on Collingwood, it is suggested in this review that, as well as explaining that influence, Peters's book also throws Collingwood's similarities with Oakeshott into relief; by contrast with Collingwood, there is no evidence that Oakeshott ever read the Italian idealists.
GLOBAL INTELLECTUAL HISTORY BEYOND HEGEL AND MARX
Authors: Subrahmanyam Sanjay 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTRecent years have seen the growing prominence of “global history” as a subject of research, especially in North America and Europe. However, there is no consensus on what the contours of the subject are, or what the appropriate research methods for it might be. Further, there are quite a few skeptics among historians with regard to this trend. The appearance of a volume on the subfield of “global intellectual history” is an occasion to reflect on all these issues, especially when the volume in question suggests that “the future of intellectual history as a discipline lies in this direction.” This review essay, while appreciative of the effort to lay out the contours of the field, as well as to point to possible future directions for research and reflection, is nevertheless somewhat critical of the actual execution of the project. It is found to be lacking in chronological depth, and also highly uneven in quality, as well as excessively centered on a few “great thinkers” such as Hegel and Marx. A greater attention to the centuries between 1500 and 1800, when a polycentric global regime of knowledge (however tenuous it proved) was established, would have been particularly helpful. Most important, there is the question of whether a history claiming to be “global,” as distinct from “universal,” should not pay closer attention to questions of space and geography.
Rotation thromboelastometry analysis of clot formation and fibrinolysis in severe thrombocytopenia: effect of fibrinogen, activated prothrombin complex concentrate, and thrombin‐ activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor
Authors: Shenkman B. , Einav Y. , Livnat T. , Budnik I. , Martinowitz U. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIntroductionBleeding symptoms in severe thrombocytopenia range from mild to severe. The aim of this in vitro study was to improve blood clotting and protect against fibrinolysis in reconstituted severe thrombocytopenia blood.MethodsThrombocytopenia [(16 ± 4) × 106/mL] was created by high‐speed centrifugation of normal blood with subsequent mixing plasma with packed cells. The blood samples were subjected to clotting by CaCl2 and tissue factor and to fibrinolysis by the addition of tissue plasminogen activator. Blood was spiked with fibrinogen, activated prothrombin complex concentrate (FEIBA), thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), or their combinations. To mimic the situation that may occur in patients subjected to massive transfusion of plasma substitutes, blood was diluted by 40% of TRIS/saline buffer. Clotting time (CT), α‐Angle, maximum clot firmness (MCF), and lysis onset time (LOT) were evaluated using rotation thromboelastometry.ResultsSpiking thrombocytopenia blood with FEIBA led to reduction of CT. Fibrinogen and FEIBA enhanced α‐Angle and MCF both in the absence and in the presence of tPA. LOT values were prolonged by TAFI and to less extent by FEIBA. Dilution of thrombocytopenia blood was followed by reduction of α‐Angle and MCF compared to nondiluted blood which partly reversed by either fibrinogen or FEIBA being higher using fibrinogen and FEIBA together. Clot strength was enhanced, and fibrinolysis was inhibited by TAFI.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that combined spiking of blood with fibrinogen and FEIBA may be enough to correct the clot formation disorder in severe thrombocytopenia, whereas in thrombocytopenia and blood dilution, additive inhibition of fibrinolysis may be needed.
Heatwave hyponatraemia: a case series at a single Victorian tertiary centre during January 2014
Authors: Yong S. A. , Reid D. A. , Tobin A. E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHeatwaves are a major public health threat for Australians. Hyponatraemia is common, with an increased incidence previously described during heatwaves. We report a series of 10 patients admitted with moderate to profound hyponatraemia, the majority with a history of excess water consumption, during the January 2014 heatwave.
Delayed onset of benign pleural effusion following concurrent chemoradiotherapy for inoperable non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Kumar R. , Patel G. , Kichenadasse G. , Sukumaran S. , Roy A. , Koczwara B. , Bowden J. J , Leung J. , Woo T. , Karapetis C. S 
Published: February 2015

AbstractChronic benign pleural effusion (BPE) is a rare complication of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for inoperable stage IIIA non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This report presents three cases of BPE, the workup to differentiate this benign condition from recurrence of cancer and recommends a pleural biopsy as part of the diagnostic process. These inflammatory exudates often remain indolent, and may not require drainage or surgical intervention. In the absence of clinical, radiological and pathological evidence of recurrent disease, we recommend clinicians manage these patients expectantly, using regular clinical assessment and imaging.
Politique et législation du travail en Chine méridionale: l'influence des chambres de commerce et autres représentations étrangères sur la réglementation de la négociation collective
Authors: HUI Elaine Sio‐Ieng , CHAN Chris King‐Chi 
Published: February 2015

RésuméEn 2010, un mouvement de protestations sociales a traversé la Chine. Afin de ramener le calme, les autorités de Shenzhen et du Guangdong ont repris les discussions sur leurs projets respectifs d'Ordonnance sur la consultation collective et de Réglementation sur la gestion démocratique des entreprises, pour les suspendre à nouveau face à la forte opposition des chambres de commerce étrangères. Les auteurs montrent comment les représentations étrangères, économiques ou diplomatiques, influencent la législation du travail en Chine méridionale. Deux facteurs sont déterminants: la position de leurs entreprises dans les chaînes mondiales de production et leurs modèles nationaux de relations professionnelles.
Slag Resistance Mechanism of Lightweight Microporous Corundum Aggregate
Authors: Fu Lvping , Gu Huazhi , Huang Ao , Zhang Meijie , Li Zhengkun 
Published: February 2015

The microstructures of the reaction interfaces between slag and corundum aggregates, microporous corundum produced in the laboratory and tabular corundum were observed after slag resistance experiments, and their associated slag resistance mechanisms were investigated. A continuous isolation layer was observed around the microporous corundum, which showed a significantly better slag resistance than tabular corundum. The formation of columnar crystals of CaAl12O19 (CA6) and CaAl4O7 (CA2) in the isolation layer was the main reason for the difference in slag resistance. With respect to the nucleation and growth of second phase, the slag resistance mechanism of lightweight microporous corundum was explored by thermodynamic and kinetic analysis. Due to its smaller pore size, the second phase is more likely to achieve supersaturation, and large quantities of crystal nuclei are generated for microporous corundum. The critical dissolved depths of the microporous and tabular corundum in saturated slag were calculated to be 0.14 and 0.27 μm, respectively. Additionally, the small pore sizes lead to an increase in the Ostwald ripening rate of the second phase, and the Ostwald ripening rate of microporous corundum was 12 times that of the tabular corundum based on Ardell's theory.