bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bony nasolacrimal duct dehiscence in functional endoscopic sinus surgery: radiological study and discussion of surgical implications
Authors: Ali M J , Murphy J , Wormald P J , Psaltis A J 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectives:To analyse the radiological features of the bony nasolacrimal duct before and after functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and document the incidence of surgically induced dehiscence.Methods:A retrospective case series analysis was conducted of 63 consecutive patients who underwent uncinectomy as a part of 118 functional endoscopic sinus surgical procedures. All patients underwent pre- and post-operative computed tomography scans. Axial computed tomography images at the level of maxillary sinus were evaluated for the presence of bony nasolacrimal duct dehiscence, osteitis and completeness of uncinectomy.Results:The rate of nasolacrimal duct dehiscence prior to surgery was 6.8 per cent (8 out of 118 cases). Nasolacrimal duct dehiscence as a consequence of surgery was observed in 3.3 per cent of cases (4 out of 118), with a further 4.2 per cent (5 out of 118) showing post-operative reactive bony change of the nasolacrimal duct in the absence of dehiscence.Conclusion:The incidence of nasolacrimal duct injury observed was much lower than that previously reported in the literature.
Character reading and word reading in Chinese: Unique correlates for Chinese kindergarteners
Authors: WANG YING , MCBRIDE CATHERINE 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWe considered the extent to which learning to read Chinese characters and Chinese words (operationally defined as composed of two or more characters) are different in the present study. Study 1 compared reading of the same characters in isolation and those in the context of known words for 63 Chinese third-year kindergarteners. Results showed that children performed significantly better on reading the same characters when embedded within words than when alone. Study 2 further examined the correlates of single-character reading and two-character word reading for 142 Chinese third-year kindergarteners. Despite a high correlation between character reading and word reading, unique correlates emerged. Orthographic awareness, rapid automatized naming, and Pinyin letter-name knowledge independently explained variance in both character and word reading; however, orthographic awareness explained unique variance in character reading even after statistically controlling for word reading. Whereas orthographic and Pinyin knowledge may be more strongly associated with character recognition, other skills may be more important for learning to read words. Character and word reading may constitute slightly different processes, with somewhat different educational implications for each.
Cognitive aptitudes for implicit and explicit learning and information-processing styles: An individual differences study
Authors: GRANENA GISELA 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTRecent proposals on language aptitude have distinguished between cognitive aptitudes for implicit and explicit learning (e.g., Doughty et al., 2010; Linck et al., 2013). This methodological study extends recent work on aptitude by investigating whether aptitudes for implicit and explicit learning are differentially related to the two main information-processing cognitive styles proposed by dual-process theories in cognitive psychology: rational–analytical and experiential–intuitive (Pacini & Epstein, 1999). A relationship was found between a rational–analytical profile and explicit aptitude, as well as between an experiential–intuitive profile and implicit aptitude. Structural equation modeling further showed that the proposed model had acceptable fit. These results were interpreted as support for the qualitatively different types of cognitive processes underlying the two hypothesized types of aptitude.
Effect of super-thermal ions and electrons on the modulation instability of a circularly polarized laser pulse in magnetized plasma
Authors: Etemadpour R. , Sepehri Javan N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe modulation instability of a circularly polarized laser pulse in a magnetized non-Maxwellian plasma is investigated. Based on a relativistic fluid model, the nonlinear interaction of an intense circularly polarized laser beam with a non-Maxwellian magnetized plasma is described. Nonlinear dispersion relation and growth rate of the instability for left- and right-hand polarizations are derived. The effect of temperature, external magnetic field, value of Kappa and state of polarization on the growth rate are analyzed. It is shown that the growth rate increases with increase in the magnetic field for the right-hand polarization and inversely it decreases for the left-hand one. Also it is observed that existence of super-thermal particles causes the decrease in the growth.
The influence of prenatal intimate partner violence exposure on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis reactivity and childhood internalizing and externalizing symptoms
Authors: Martinez-Torteya Cecilia , Bogat G. Anne , Levendosky Alytia A. , von Eye Alexander 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis prospective longitudinal study examines the long-term influence of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure in utero. We hypothesized that (a) prenatal IPV increases risk for internalizing and externalizing problems as well as for a profile of dysregulated cortisol reactivity, and (b) patterns of cortisol hyper- and hyporeactivity are differentially associated with internalizing and externalizing problems. The participants were 119 10-year-old children. Their mothers reported their IPV experiences and distress during pregnancy. Child and maternal reports of internalizing and externalizing problems as well as lifetime IPV exposure were obtained. Salivary cortisol was assessed at baseline, 20 min, and 40 min after challenge. The results partially supported our hypotheses: Exposure to IPV during pregnancy predicted child-reported internalizing and externalizing problems, mother ratings of child externalizing problems, and a profile of high cortisol secretion before and after stress challenge. The results were significant above and beyond the influence of maternal distress during pregnancy and IPV that occurred during the child's life. In addition, a profile of high cortisol secretion was associated with maternal reports of child internalizing behaviors. Findings support the growing consensus that prenatal stress can lead to lasting disruptions in adaptation and highlight the need for more longitudinal examinations of prenatal IPV exposure.
Can chlorophyll fluorescence be used to determine the optimal time to harvest rice seeds for long-term genebank storage?
Authors: Hay Fiona R. , Timple Stephen , van Duijn Bert 
Published: April 2015

AbstractChlorophyll fluorescence (CF) analysis was explored as a potential tool to identify the optimal time to harvest rice seed germplasm for maximum storage longevity. Seeds of 20 diverse genebank accessions were harvested at 24, 31, 38 and 45 d after peak flowering (DAF) and half of each seed lot was sorted by hand, following normal practice at the T.T. Chang Genetic Resources Center. CF analysis was carried out on both non-sorted and sorted seeds, while storage experiments were carried out on sorted seeds. Seed longevity (the time for viability to fall to 50%, p50) was significantly correlated with the skewness, kurtosis, mode and mean of the CF histograms when the data for every accession at all the harvest times were included in the correlation analysis. However, these correlation coefficients were ≤ 0.481. The correlation coefficient between p50 and DAF was similarly low (0.461). For individual accessions, there was wide variation in the correlation coefficients. While for some accessions, there appeared to be a strong relationship between p50 and mean CF that could be used to guide when to harvest seeds in the field, for other accessions, a unique mean CF to inform when to harvest seeds or for use in seed sorting could not be identified; this was also true for DAF over the harvesting schedule used in this study. Given the number and diversity of accessions managed by a genebank, it seems unlikely that CF analysis would be an appropriate tool to help manage the regeneration or processing of seeds intended for storage in the genebank.
The Sovereignty of God in Modern Islamic Thought
Authors: ZAMAN MUHAMMAD QASIM 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe sovereignty of God and related ideas have had a prominent place in Islamist discourses. Key figures like Mawdudi of Pakistan and Qutb of Egypt have argued that anything less than exclusive submission to God's law, and all that it necessitates in religious and political terms, is idolatry. Yet the idea of the sovereignty of God has been invoked by many more people than the Islamists, and it has meant quite different things in different quarters. Focusing on South Asia, this paper seeks to shed some new light on the provenance of this idea, on how and to what purpose it has been deployed in religious and political argument, and what the debates on it might tell us about rival conceptions of Islam.
Evaluating pension insurance pricing
Authors: BABBEL DAVID F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's (PBGC) Pension Insurance Modeling System model has taken on the Herculean task of modeling in detail and under many scenarios the cash outflows associated with the pension obligations, they have assumed. This paper's comments are focused almost entirely upon the PBGC's termination liabilities, and address four pressing issues: (1) the need to discount the liability stream by current riskless interest rates instead of using corporate bond rates that reflect credit risk, call risk, and other risks, or using some ad hoc prescribed average of past rates; (2) the need to use a term structure of interest rates; (3) the need to employ more useful investment management benchmarks; and (4) how to implement a relevant and rigorous liability benchmark.
Joint risk of DB pension underfunding and sponsor termination: incorporating option-based projections and valuations into PIMS
Authors: LUCAS DEBORAH 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWhen a private pension plan sponsor with an underfunded plan becomes insolvent, the difference between the value of the plan's assets and its termination liabilities represents a liability for the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC). Hence, accurately modeling the joint statistical distribution over time of defined benefit pension underfunding and sponsor terminations is critical for estimating PBGC's prospective cash flows and evaluating its financial position. It appears that the current Pension Insurance Modeling System (PIMS) approach to modeling risk does a reasonable job of capturing its statistical properties effects on PBGC cash flows, although some of the aspects might be improved, and metrics expanded. The present paper outlines, how an option-based approach to modeling the joint distribution of defaults and underfunding in PIMS might be implemented, while preserving the strengths of the current model. Moving to an option-based approach would allow PIMS to be used to estimate the fair values of future liabilities. Such an approach could have a significant effect on the perceived financial position of PBGC.
Abundance and distribution of the rapid expansive coral Oculina patagonica in the Northern Alborán Sea (Western Mediterranean)
Authors: Terrón-Sigler Alejandro , Casado-Amezúa Pilar , Torre Free Espinosa 
Published: April 2015

We describe for the first time the distribution and abundance ofOculina patagonicaalong the coasts of the Northern Alborán Sea (Andalusia Region, Southern Iberian Peninsula), which corresponds to the southernmost region of the known distribution range of the coral. After surveying 693 km of the Andalusia coastline, along three different depths, we showed thatO. patagonicawas restricted to the eastern shores of the Alborán Sea. It was only present in 7 out of 195 sampling stations in the eastern region along the studied coasts and at the depth range of 0–3 m. Moreover, we observed that the distribution of the species along the northern coasts of the Alborán Sea might be related to substrate availability and sea surface temperature. In the localities in which its presence was described, the annual mean sea water temperature was in the range of 18–21°C. In relation to substrate availability, it must be noted that the distribution of hard substrata – ideal forO. patagonicasettlement and growth – along the sampling area, is not uniform in the study area; this might affect the continuity of the distribution of the species. Local studies such as this one are of importance as a starting point for delineating the species' relationship with its habitat, population boundaries and population ecology. Given the fast expansion of this species along the Mediterranean coasts, this study could serve as a basis for continuous monitoring of the spread of the species and its long-term effects on the ecosystem.
The Loleva Oral and Written Language Test: Psychometric Properties
Authors: Peralbo Manuel , Mayor María Ángeles , Zubiauz Begoña , Risso Alicia , Fernández-Amado María Luz , Tuñas Alejandro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLolEva, a computerized test for ages 3 to 8 years old, identifies issues in the development of skills that can lead to reading acquisition difficulties. Its structure captures two distinct areas: Phonological Awareness (PA, seven subtests: rhyme, identification-addition-omission of syllable and phoneme at the beginning and end of a word), and Initial Reading Competence (IRC, six subtests: reading uppercase and lowercase letters, simple words, complex words, and pseudowords, and word segmentation). With results collected in a sample of 341 children with the target ages and attending public or private schools, the alpha coefficient was .94 for PA, and .92 for IRC. Factor analysis indicated three factors are present (performance on PA and IRC, and word reading times), together explaining 75% of variance, providing evidence to support the construct validity of the test. On the other hand, analysis of variance showed significant differences for year-in-school variable for PA subscale, F(4, 336) = 191.385, p < .001, η2p = .695, 1–β = 1.0, as well as for IRC subscale, both in number of correct answers, which increased as schooling progressed: F(4, 336) = 197.897, p < .001, η2p = .702, 1–β = 1.0, and task completion time, which decreased as education progressed: F(4, 335) = 47.048, p < .001, η2p = .360, 1–β = 1.0. Also, PA repeated measures analysis revealed that was easier Identification than Addition and Omission , F(2, 672) = 31.639, p < .001, η2p = .086, 1–β = 1.0, syllable-related tasks than phoneme-related task, F(1, 336) = 229.000, p < .001, η2p = .405, 1–β = 1.0, and syllable or phoneme at the end of the word than at the beginning, F(1, 336) = 59.201, p < .001, η2p = .150, 1–β = 1.0. Moreover, all items were examined and indexes of difficulty and discrimination were obtained.
Mammalian adaptation of influenza A(H7N9) virus is limited by a narrow genetic bottleneck
Authors: Zaraket Hassan , Baranovich Tatiana , Kaplan Bryan S. , Carter Robert , Song Min-Suk , Paulson James C. , Rehg Jerold E. , Bahl Justin , Crumpton Jeri C. , Seiler Jon , Edmonson Michael , Wu Gang , Karlsson Erik , Fabrizio Thomas , Zhu Huachen , Guan Yi , Husain Matloob , Schultz-Cherry Stacey , Krauss Scott , McBride Ryan , Webster Robert G. , Govorkova Elena A. , Zhang Jinghui , Russell Charles J. , Webby Richard J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHuman infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus is associated mainly with the exposure to infected poultry. The factors that allow interspecies transmission but limit human-to-human transmission are unknown. Here we show that A/Anhui/1/2013(H7N9) influenza virus infection of chickens (natural hosts) is asymptomatic and that it generates a high genetic diversity. In contrast, diversity is tightly restricted in infected ferrets, limiting further adaptation to a fully transmissible form. Airborne transmission in ferrets is accompanied by the mutations in PB1, NP and NA genes that reduce viral polymerase and neuraminidase activity. Therefore, while A(H7N9) virus can infect mammals, further adaptation appears to incur a fitness cost. Our results reveal that a tight genetic bottleneck during avian-to-mammalian transmission is a limiting factor in A(H7N9) influenza virus adaptation to mammals. This previously unrecognized biological mechanism limiting species jumps provides a measure of adaptive potential and may serve as a risk assessment tool for pandemic preparedness.
Hsp90 regulates the dynamics of its cochaperone Sti1 and the transfer of Hsp70 between modules
Authors: Röhl Alina , Wengler Daniela , Madl Tobias , Lagleder Stephan , Tippel Franziska , Herrmann Monika , Hendrix Jelle , Richter Klaus , Hack Gordon , Schmid Andreas B. , Kessler Horst , Lamb Don C. , Buchner Johannes 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe cochaperone Sti1/Hop physically links Hsp70 and Hsp90. The protein exhibits one binding site for Hsp90 (TPR2A) and two binding sites for Hsp70 (TPR1 and TPR2B). How these sites are used remained enigmatic. Here we show that Sti1 is a dynamic, elongated protein that consists of a flexible N-terminal module, a long linker and a rigid C-terminal module. Binding of Hsp90 and Hsp70 regulates the Sti1 conformation with Hsp90 binding determining with which site Hsp70 interacts. Without Hsp90, Sti1 is more compact and TPR2B is the high-affinity interaction site for Hsp70. In the presence of Hsp90, Hsp70 shifts its preference. The linker connecting the two modules is crucial for the interaction with Hsp70 and for client activation in vivo. Our results suggest that the interaction of Hsp70 with Sti1 is tightly regulated by Hsp90 to assure transfer of Hsp70 between the modules, as a prerequisite for the efficient client handover.
Emergent long-range synchronization of oscillating ecological populations without external forcing described by Ising universality
Authors: Noble Andrew E. , Machta Jonathan , Hastings Alan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the synchronization of oscillations across space is fundamentally important to many scientific disciplines. In ecology, long-range synchronization of oscillations in spatial populations may elevate extinction risk and signal an impending catastrophe. The prevailing assumption is that synchronization on distances longer than the dispersal scale can only be due to environmental correlation (the Moran effect). In contrast, we show how long-range synchronization can emerge over distances much longer than the length scales of either dispersal or environmental correlation. In particular, we demonstrate that the transition from incoherence to long-range synchronization of two-cycle oscillations in noisy spatial population models is described by the Ising universality class of statistical physics. This result shows, in contrast to all previous work, how the Ising critical transition can emerge directly from the dynamics of ecological populations.
PI3Kβ Inhibitor TGX221 Selectively Inhibits Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells with Both VHL and SETD2 mutations and Links Multiple Pathways
Authors: Feng Chenchen , Sun Yang , Ding Guanxiong , Wu Zhong , Jiang Haowen , Wang Lujia , Ding Qiang , Wen Hui 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe aimed to exploit novel compounds with high selectivity to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) with common mutations. Using the GDSC databases, we searched for compounds with high selectivity for ccRCC with VHL and/or SETD2 mutations. Clinical impact and gene interactions were analysed using TCGA database. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to validate the inhibitory effects of the compound. We identified the selective PI3Kβ inhibitor TGX221 as a selective inhibitor for ccRCC with both VHL and SETD2 mutations. TGX221 also targeted cancer cells with CDKN2A and PTEN mutations. Changes in PTEN and CDKN2A gene sets were associated with worsened prognosis of ccRCC. TGX221 substantially and selectively inhibited the down stream products of VHL, SETD2 and PTEN in ccRCC cells with VHL and SETD2 mutations. TGX221 also exhibited significant selectivity in inhibiting cell motility and tumourigenesis of ccRCC cells with VHL and SETD2 mutations. TGX221 is a novel inhibitor with high selectivity for ccRCC with VHL and SETD2 mutations. It also targeted PTEN and CDKN2A mutations. How those genes were associated with PI3Kβ warranted further investigations.
A new insight into ductile fracture of ultrafine-grained Al-Mg alloys
Authors: Yu Hailiang , Tieu A. Kiet , Lu Cheng , Liu Xiong , Liu Mao , Godbole Ajit , Kong Charlie , Qin Qinghua 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIt is well known that when coarse-grained metals undergo severe plastic deformation to be transformed into nano-grained metals, their ductility is reduced. However, there are no ductile fracture criteria developed based on grain refinement. In this paper, we propose a new relationship between ductile fracture and grain refinement during deformation, considering factors besides void nucleation and growth. Ultrafine-grained Al-Mg alloy sheets were fabricated using different rolling techniques at room and cryogenic temperatures. It is proposed for the first time that features of the microstructure near the fracture surface can be used to explain the ductile fracture post necking directly. We found that as grains are refined to a nano size which approaches the theoretical minimum achievable value, the material becomes brittle at the shear band zone. This may explain the tendency for ductile fracture in metals under plastic deformation.
Practice explains abolished behavioural adaptation after human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex lesions
Authors: van Steenbergen H. , Haasnoot E. , Bocanegra B. R. , Berretty E. W. , Hommel B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe role of mid-cingulate cortex (MCC), also referred to as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, in regulating cognitive control is a topic of primary importance in cognitive neuroscience. Although many studies have shown that MCC responds to cognitive demands, lesion studies in humans are inconclusive concerning the causal role of the MCC in the adaptation to these demands. By elegantly combining single-cell recordings with behavioural methods, Sheth et al. [Sheth, S. et al. Human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex neurons mediate ongoing behavioural adaptation. Nature 488, 218–22 (2012).] recently were able to show that neurons in MCC encode cognitive demand. Importantly, this study also claimed that focal lesions of the MCC abolished behavioural adaptation to cognitive demands. Here we show that the absence of post-cingulotomy behavioural adaptation reported in this study may have been due to practice effects. We run a control condition where we tested subjects before and after a dummy treatment, which substituted cingulotomy with a filler task (presentation of a documentary). The results revealed abolished behavioural adaptation following the dummy treatment. Our findings suggest that future work using proper experimental designs is needed to advance the understanding of the causal role of the MCC in behavioural adaptation.