bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New early Cambrian sponges of the Siberian platform and the origins of spiculate crown‐group demosponges
Authors: Kolesnikov Kirill A. , Botting Joseph P. , Ivantsov Andrey Yu. , Zhuravlev Andrey Yu. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSponges are among the most common and diverse Cambrian fossils. However, the origin of the crown groups of the extant sponge classes constitutes the principal problem in the understanding of the evolution of these lower metazoans. New intact spiculate sponges from the lower Cambrian Stage 3–Stage 4 Sinsk Lagerstätte of the Siberian Platform enable a better understanding of the early evolution of crown‐group demosponges. The skeletons of Neomenispongia plexa and N. diazoma gen. et sp. nov. consist mostly of simple oxeas, which are organized in relatively regular tufts that are additionally strengthened by sigmoidal spicules. The C‐shaped elements of N. diazoma are megascleres in their size range but have sigmoidal shapes similar to sigma microscleres of extant demosponges; the sigmoidal spicules of N. plexa fully accord with microscleres and are the smallest spicules in known Cambrian demosponges. Together with an unnamed early Cambrian demosponge from the Sirius Passet biota (Greenland) and middle Cambrian Ulospongiella from the Burgess Shale (Canada), the new species represent the earliest heteroscleromorph demosponges and indicate an evolutionary origin of microscleres from megascleres. The thin, homogenous skeleton of Keithospongos loricatus gen. et sp. nov. is built of small, spirally arranged oxeas corresponding to the skeletal structure of the primitive Hazeliidae, which have been interpreted as the ancestral skeletal organization of demosponges. These new sponges therefore provide a link from extant spiculate demosponge groups to their more familiar Cambrian ancestors.
Association between pancreatic adenocarcinoma risk and concentration of organochlorine pesticides in adipose tissue and urine: A targeted‐screening analysis case‐control study (PESTIPAC)
Authors: Brugel Mathias , Callon Sidonie , Carlier Claire , Amroun Koceila Lamine , Botsen Damien , Kianmanesh Reza , Perrier Marine , Piardi Tullio , Renard Yohann , Rhaiem Rami , El Balkhi Souleiman , Bouché Olivier 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge about environmental pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) risk factors, including pesticide exposure, remains limited. Organochlorine (OC) accumulates in adipose tissue and can help reflect long‐term exposure.Patients and MethodsAge and body mass index (BMI) of patients with PA were matched with those undergoing a surgery for a benign disease on age and BMI (1:1). Targeted analyses screened 345 pesticides and metabolites, including 29 OC, in adipose tissue and urine samples. The primary aim was to investigate the association between organochlorine concentrations in visceral fat or urine, and PA. Adjusted conditional logistic regressions were carried out accounting for multiple testing.ResultsTrans‐nonachlor (odds ratio [OR] = 1.325, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.108–1.586]), cis‐nonachlor (OR = 15.433, 95% CI [2.733–87.136]), Mirex (OR = 2.853, 95% CI [1.213–6.713]) and 4,4 DDE (OR = 1.019, 95% CI [1.005–1.034]) in fat and a greater number of positive samples (OR = 1.758 95% CI [1.11–2.997]) were significantly associated with higher odds of PA. In contrast, as awaited, urine samples did not yield any statistically significant associations for all tested pesticides.ConclusionSome OCs were associated with higher odds of PA. The underlying mechanisms of pancreatic aggression need to be investigated to refine these findings.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04429490.
Simple method for removal of pollutants from water by freezing a portion of aquatic solution using a PET bottle, shredder scrap, and household freezer
Authors: Moriwaki Hiroshi , Nishimura Natsu , Oshima Mahiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA simple method for purifying water using household items has been developed. The solution containing an environmental pollutant was added to the PET bottle. The lid of the PET bottle was closed, and the bottle was then placed with the lid down in a freezer for 9 h. The pourer of the PET bottle was surrounded by shredded paper scraps as a lagging material. Before the solution was completely frozen, the sample was removed from the freezer. The unfrozen portion (liquid) was sampled. The pollutant was concentrated in the liquid. The remaining frozen portion was completely thawed. As results, the concentration of the pollutant (Congo Red, Cr (VI), Pb (II), pentachlorophenol, fluoride, nitrate, or phosphate) in the thawed liquid was decreased by more than 90% compared with the initial concentration (0.10 mM).Practitioner Points
A pollutant in a water sample can be removed by freezing a portion of the solution using a PET bottle, shredder scrap, and household freezer.
Fluorine and hexavalent chromium can be removed from water to levels that meet water quality standards.
The present method can efficiently remove a wide range of contaminants from water, including azo dyes, heavy metals, and pentachlorophenol.
Structural Study on Alkali‐Carboxylate Functionalized Late‐Transition Metal Bis(dithiocarbamate) Complexes
Authors: Liebing Phil , Behling Vreni , Witzorke Juliane 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLithium, sodium, and potassium derivatives of amino‐acid derived bis(dithiocarbamate) complexes of bivalent nickel, palladium, platinum, and copper are readily available by treatment of the carboxylic‐acid functionalized complexes with the respective alkali metal hydroxide. Representative derivatives of the types A4[M(L1)2], A2[M(HL1)2], A[M(HL1)(H2L1)] (N‐dithioato‐iminodiacetate, L1), and A2[M(L2,3)2] (N‐dithioato‐l‐prolinate, L2, and ‐N‐benzylglycinate, L3; A=Li, Na, K; M=Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu) were isolated and characterized by spectroscopic and thermal methods. Six entries were accessible to single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination, revealing the presence of different coordination‐polymeric structures and hydrogen‐bonded assemblies comprising solvent‐separated cations in the solid state. While the transition metal always retains its all‐sulfur coordination with defined geometry, the alkali metals are structurally more flexible. The latter are usually coordinated by carboxylate and water, but additional interactions with sulfur donors are also relevant in some cases.
Comparative characterization of heat transfer and entropy generation of micropolar‐Jeffrey, micropolar‐Oldroyd‐B, and micropolar‐Second grade binary nanofluids in PTSCs settings
Authors: Raafat Philopatir B. , AbuGhanem Muhammad , Ibrahim Fayez N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we delve into the behavior of binary micropolar nanofluids, specifically micropolar‐Jeffrey, micropolar‐Oldroyd‐B, and micropolar‐Second grade, within the parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) configurations. The primary objective is to enhance the collective efficiency of this device by means of a comprehensive comparison amongst the three aforementioned nanofluids. The governing equations, including continuity, linear momentum, angular momentum, and energy equations, were systematically formulated. Subsequently, the introduction of suitable similarity variables facilitated the transformation of the intricate partial differential equations into manageable ordinary differential equations. These resultant equations were then tackled utilizing the shooting method via the bvp4c numerical package in MATLAB. The study critically examines the influence of diverse parameters that dictate the flow dynamics of the nanofluids. This encompasses nanofluid velocity, angular velocity, temperature distribution, entropy generation, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number. Remarkably, the research uncovers that the maximum temperature levels experienced enhancements of 12.1134%, 12.0616%, and 11.0645% for the micropolar‐Jeffrey, micropolar‐Oldroyd‐B, and micropolar‐Second grade nanofluids, respectively. These results imply that the introduction of these binary micropolar nanofluids leads to notable thermal enhancements in the PTSCs settings.
Einleitung: Der weite Weg zum Bürgergeld
Authors: Opielka Michael , Wilke Felix 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag führt in die komplexe politische Genese und sozialpolitische Bedeutung des seit 2023 geltenden Bürgergeldes ein. Dabei wird die Frage nach Veränderungen in der Zugänglichkeit dieses Grundsicherungssystems und der
Nichtinanspruchnahme aufgeworfen. Auf theoretischer Ebene ermöglicht diese doppelte Perspektive, Sozialpolitikforschung
und Armutsforschung stärker zusammenzudenken. Ein Überblick über die einzelnen Beiträge des Sammelbandes verdeutlicht dies exemplarisch.
Von Hartz IV zum Bürgergeld – weniger Konditionalität, mehr Selbstbestimmung?
Authors: Börner Stefanie , Kahnert Philipp 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungZiel der Untersuchung ist eine historisch-institutionalistische Analyse graduellen Institutionenwandels im SGB II zwischen 2003 und 2022. Hierbei werden drei in Wechselwirkung stehende Elemente der bisherigen Grundsicherung untersucht: die Leitidee des „Fördern und Fordern“ als verrechtlichter Ausdruck des neuen wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Paradigmas der Aktivierung, Sanktionen sowie das Instrument der Eingliederungsvereinbarung. Die Analyseergebnisse werden in Bezug auf die fünf Mechanismen graduellen Wandels nach Streeck und Thelen ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung lassen darauf schließen, dass es bei der Leitidee des „Fördern und Fordern“ bis vor der Einführung des Bürgergeldes zu diversen Umdeutungen der Leitidee durch die stärkere Betonung des „Förderns“ kam (conversion). Mit der Einführung des Bürgergeldes 2023 lässt sich eine Variation der Leitidee feststellen (drift). Auch bei den beiden anderen Elementen wurden trotz neuer (Sprach-)Regelung weder Sanktionen noch die Eingliederungsvereinbarung gänzlich abgeschafft, sondern Regelungen Stück für Stück ergänzt und schließlich mit der Einführung des Bürgergeldes modifiziert (layering). Insgesamt, so die Schlussfolgerung, kann daher von einem Paradigmenwechsel keine Rede sein, vielmehr deuteten sich eine Reihe der Veränderungen bereits inkrementell seit 2008 an.
Topological structures, dark matter and gravitational waves in E6
Authors: Maji Rinku , Shafi Qaisar , Tiwari Amit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We discuss the appearance of topological structures from the spontaneous breaking of E6 to the Standard Model via its maximal subgroup SO(10) × U(1)ψ. They include dumbbells, metastable strings, as well as domain walls bounded by necklaces. We provide a novel scenario for producing metastable strings based on the symmetry breaking U(1)ψ ⟶ ℤ8 ⟶ ℤ4. The metastable string arises from the merger of ℤ8 strings that bound a domain wall. An unbroken gauge ℤ2 symmetry from SO(10) breaking yields viable stable dark matter candidates as well as topologically stable strings. We discuss the gravitational wave emission from two varieties of cosmic strings, namely the superheavy metastable ones and the intermediate scale topologically stable cosmic strings.
Generalized angular-order parton showers in Herwig 7
Authors: Lee Joon-Bin , Masouminia M. R. , Seymour Michael H. , Yang Un-ki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the inaugural investigation of beyond the Standard Model (BSM) radiation processes, framed as a generalized, process- and model-independent parton shower algorithm within Herwig 7, based on direct translations of Universal FeynRules Output (UFO) constructed via Herwig’s ufo2herwig module. Leveraging the fact that shower kinematics are dictated by the spins of involved particles, we calculate comprehensive helicity-dependent branching kernels for all feasible splittings of scalars, fermions, and vector bosons, tailored to Herwig 7’s angular-ordering (AO) parton shower algorithm. Utilizing these kernels, we derive BSM splitting functions in the quasi-collinear limit, ensuring compatibility with the Standard Model (SM) and supersymmetry (SUSY) splitting functions when analogous parameter conditions are applied. These newly derived functions have been integrated into the Herwig 7 event generator framework. Comparative analyses with fixed-order matrix element calculations show good agreement for single radiation events. Moreover, the results showcase the influence of BSM radiation at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and envisage its implications for future collider endeavours. This research augments our comprehension of BSM radiation effects, with significant bearings on present and prospective collider-based inquiries.
Stabilizing massless fields with fluxes in Landau-Ginzburg models
Authors: Becker Katrin , Rajaguru Muthusamy , Sengupta Anindya , Walcher Johannes , Wrase Timm 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent work on flux compactifications suggests that the tadpole constraint generically allows only a limited number of complex structure moduli to become massive, i.e., be stabilized at quadratic order in the spacetime superpotential. We study the effects of higher-order terms systematically around the Fermat point in the 19 Landau-Ginzburg model. This model lives at strong coupling and features no Kähler moduli. We show that indeed massless fields can be stabilized in this fashion. We observe that, depending on the flux, this mechanism is more effective when the number of initially massless fields is large. These findings are compatible with both the tadpole conjecture and the massless Minkowski conjecture. Along the way, we complete the classification of integral flux vectors with small tadpole contribution. Thereby we are closing in on a future complete understanding of all possible flux configurations in the 19 Landau-Ginzburg model.
NOR1 promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells via TGF-β signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Yun , Jing Huan , Li Yicun , Li Mengqing , Zheng Yating , Lin Yuntao , Ma Guixing , Cao Huiling , Yang Hongyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlveolar bone loss is a main manifestation of periodontitis. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are considered as optimal seed cells for alveolar bone regeneration due to its mesenchymal stem cell like properties. Osteogenic potential is the premise for PDLSCs to repair alveolar bone loss. However, the mechanism regulating osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs remain elusive. In this study, we identified Neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1), was particularly expressed in PDL tissue in vivo and gradually increased during osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in vitro. Knockdown of NOR1 in hPDLSCs inhibited their osteogenic potential while NOR1 overexpression reversed this effect. In order to elucidate the downstream regulatory network of NOR1, RNA-sequencing was used. We found that downregulated genes were mainly enriched in TGF-β, Hippo, Wnt signaling pathway. Further, by western blot analysis, we verified that the expression level of phosphorylated-SMAD2/3 and phosphorylated-SMAD4 were all decreased after NOR1 knockdown. Additionally, ChIP-qPCR and dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that NOR1 could bind to the promoter of TGFBR1 and regulate its activity. Moreover, overexpression of TGFBR1 in PDLSCs could rescue the damaged osteogenic potential after NOR1 knockdown. Taken together, our results demonstrated that NOR1 could activate TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway and positively regulates the commitment of osteoblast lineages of PDLSCs by targeting TGFBR1 directly.
R-loops and impaired autophagy trigger cGAS-dependent inflammation via micronuclei formation in Senataxin-deficient cells
Authors: Zannini Laura , Cardano Miriana , Liberi Giordano , Buscemi Giacomo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSenataxin is an evolutionarily conserved DNA/RNA helicase, whose dysfunctions are linked to neurodegeneration and cancer. A main activity of this protein is the removal of R-loops, which are nucleic acid structures capable to promote DNA damage and replication stress. Here we found that Senataxin deficiency causes the release of damaged DNA into extranuclear bodies, called micronuclei, triggering the massive recruitment of cGAS, the apical sensor of the innate immunity pathway, and the downstream stimulation of interferon genes. Such cGAS-positive micronuclei are characterized by defective membrane envelope and are particularly abundant in cycling cells lacking Senataxin, but not after exposure to a DNA breaking agent or in absence of the tumor suppressor BRCA1 protein, a partner of Senataxin in R-loop removal. Micronuclei with a discontinuous membrane are normally cleared by autophagy, a process that we show is impaired in Senataxin-deficient cells. The formation of Senataxin-dependent inflamed micronuclei is promoted by the persistence of nuclear R-loops stimulated by the DSIF transcription elongation complex and the engagement of EXO1 nuclease activity on nuclear DNA. Coherently, high levels of EXO1 result in poor prognosis in a subset of tumors lacking Senataxin expression. Hence, R-loop homeostasis impairment, together with autophagy failure and unscheduled EXO1 activity, elicits innate immune response through micronuclei formation in cells lacking Senataxin.
Investigations for increasing the 3D-forming potential of high-density fiberboards
Authors: Krüger Robert , Buchelt Beate , Herold Jan , Wagenführ André 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe trend in modern interior design leans towards curved and shaped surfaces. This cannot be achieved with flat materials without additional effort. Materials from renewable resources, such as wood-based materials, are material- and energy-intensively processed to enable larger deformations. Therefore, this study deals with methods to increase the deformation potential of adhesive-free, high-density fiberboards. One method is plasticizing in a saturated steam atmosphere, which is well known from the bending of solid wood. The second is the application of a special kerf pattern that geometrically increases the deformability. The combination of both methods was also investigated. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed to evaluate the deformation potential of the methods used. The strain along and transverse to the tensile direction, as well as the modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio, were determined as results. All the methods investigated lead to an increase in the maximum strain along the tensile load: steaming by a factor of 2, kerf patterning by a factor of 4, and the combination by a factor of 10 as compared to solid fiberboard. The application of the kerf pattern causes an auxetic material behavior with a negative Poisson’s ratio. The combination of both methods reduces the modulus of elasticity by a factor of more than 100. Overall, the investigated methods are suitable for increasing the deformation potential of fiberboards with regard to the forming of 3D-shaped surfaces.
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: an update with a focus on management
Authors: Eleftheriadou Aikaterini , Spallone Vincenza , Tahrani Abd A. , Alam Uazman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an under-recognised yet highly prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes. CAN affects approximately 20% of people with diabetes, with recent studies highlighting the presence of CAN in prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose), indicating early involvement of the autonomic nervous system. Understanding of the pathophysiology of CAN continues to evolve, with emerging evidence supporting a potential link between lipid metabolites, mitochondrial dysfunction and genetics. Recent advancements, such as streamlining CAN detection through wearable devices and monitoring of heart rate variability, present simplified and cost-effective approaches for early CAN detection. Further research on the optimal use of the extensive data provided by such devices is required. Despite the lack of specific pharmacological interventions targeting the underlying pathophysiology of autonomic neuropathy, several studies have suggested a favourable impact of newer glucose-lowering agents, such as sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, where there is a wealth of clinical trial data on the prevention of cardiovascular events. This review delves into recent developments in the area of CAN, with emphasis on practical guidance to recognise and manage this underdiagnosed condition, which significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in diabetes.
Graphical Abstract
CHO cell engineering via targeted integration of circular miR-21 decoy using CRISPR/RMCE hybrid system
Authors: Adibzadeh Setare , Amiri Shahin , Barkhordari Farzaneh , Mowla Seyed Javad , Bayat Hadi , Ghanbari Samaneh , Faghihi Faezeh , Davami Fatemeh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, widely acknowledged as the preferred host system for industrial recombinant protein manufacturing, play a crucial role in developing pharmaceuticals, including anticancer therapeutics. Nevertheless, mammalian cell-based biopharmaceutical production methods are still beset by cellular constraints such as limited growth and poor productivity. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has a major impact on a variety of malignancies, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, reduced productivity and growth rate have been linked to miR-21 overexpression in CHO cells. The current study aimed to engineer a recombinant CHO (rCHO) cell using the CRISPR-mediated precise integration into target chromosome (CRIS-PITCh) system coupled with the Bxb1 recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) to express a circular miR-21 decoy (CM21D) with five bulged binding sites for miR-21 sponging. Implementing the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery method, a landing pad was inserted into the genome utilizing the CRIS-PITCh technique. Subsequently, the CM21D cassette flanked by Bxb1 attB was then retargeted into the integrated landing pad using the RMCE/Bxb1 system. This strategy raised the targeting efficiency by 1.7-fold, and off-target effects were decreased. The miR-21 target genes (Pdcd4 and Atp11b) noticed a significant increase in expression upon the miR-21 sponging through CM21D. Following the expression of CM21D, rCHO cells showed a substantial decrease in doubling time and a 1.3-fold increase in growth rate. Further analysis showed an increased yield of hrsACE2, a secretory recombinant protein, by 2.06-fold. Hence, we can conclude that sponging-induced inhibition of miR-21 may lead to a growth rate increase that could be linked to increased CHO cell productivity. For industrial cell lines, including CHO cells, an increase in productivity is crucial. The results of our research indicate that CM21D is an auspicious CHO engineering approach.

Key points
• CHO is an ideal host cell line for producing industrial therapeutics manufacturing, and miR-21 is downregulated in CHO cells, which produce recombinant proteins.
• The miR-21 target genes noticed a significant increase in expression upon the miR-21 sponging through CM21D. Additionally, sponging of miR-21 by CM21D enhanced the growth rate of CHO cells.
• Productivity and growth rate were increased in CHO cells expressing recombinant hrs-ACE2 protein after CM21D knocking in.

Graphical abstract