bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acidic saline‐induced pain as a model for experimental masseter myalgia in healthy subjects
Authors: Castrillon E.E. , Cairns B. , List T. , Svensson P. , Ernberg M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundRepeated injection of acidic saline into skeletal muscles of the leg in rodents induces a prolonged bilateral mechanical hyperalgesia that persists for up to 30 days and may be useful to model widespread muscle pain conditions. In this study, repeated injection of acidic (pH 3.3) saline solution into the masseter muscle of healthy human subjects was undertaken to determine if these injections are painful and whether they would induce a prolonged period of muscle sensitization to artificial and/or natural mechanical stimulation of the masseter and temporalis muscles.MethodsEighteen subjects (10 male, 8 female) participated in the study. Subjects received two injections of 0.5 mL acidic or regular isotonic saline 2 days apart, in a randomized, double blind, crossover design.ResultsThere was no significant difference in pain intensity ratings when acidic saline injections were compared with regular saline injections. Pain area drawings were, however, significantly larger in response to the first injection of acidic saline than to the second injection of acidic saline or to either the first or second injection of regular saline. Repeated injection of acidic saline did not significantly alter pressure pain thresholds from the masseter or temporalis muscles on either the injected side or the opposite side over the 10‐day post injection monitoring period. There was also no effect of injections on chewing.ConclusionThese findings indicate that, unlike in some rodent models, repeated injection of low pH solutions into jaw muscles of humans fails to induce a period of prolonged muscle hyperalgesia.
2.1.1 Model‐Based operational analysis for complex systems ‐ A case study for electric vehicles
Authors: Doufene Abdelkrim , Dauron Alain , G. Hugo G. Chalé , Krob Daniel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe present in this paper an operational analysis of a complex system following a Model Based Systems Engineering approach, illustrated by a case study on electric vehicles. We explain some strategic issues and reasons that make electric vehicles important and complex systems, and how these vehicles can significantly contribute to the European policies for sustainable development. We explain why it is necessary to apply a Systems Engineering approach to deal with the complexity of such systems, and we give an overview of the architectural design framework we follow. We present a model of the system of interest and of its environment built from the analysis of public documents and literature reviews. This allowed us to identify the key stakeholders, external interfaces, needs, use cases and operational scenarios. Based on this operational analysis, we present ways to pursue functional and trade‐off analyses.
2.3.1 A MBSE probabilistic framework for preliminary lifecycle costing of mechanical products
Authors: Loyer Jean‐Loup , Henriques Elsa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe challenging economic context and competitive pressure forces industrial companies to attain the highest profitability of a program, with lifecycle cost (LCC) as one of the key parameters. Thus, industrial companies are constantly developing more efficient methods to estimate LCC as early as possible in the design process. This paper presents a new Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) probabilistic framework for lifecycle cost estimation during preliminary design. Divided in two modules computing respectively manufacturing and maintenance costs, the framework is based on a suite of statistical regression‐based models whose results are aggregated in order to provide the best probabilistic estimate of lifecycle cost. The framework has been tested on components from civil jet engines but can be applied to a large variety of mechanical products. The early results are satisfactory with predictive accuracy of lifecycle costs of new components representing a significant improvement over state‐of‐the‐art methods.
3.2.2 Traceable Engineering of Fault‐Tolerant SoSs
Authors: Andrews Zoe , Ingram Claire , Payne Richard , Romanovsky Alexander , Holt Jon , Perry Simon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSystems of systems (SoSs) are characterised by a challenging combination of continuous evolution, emergent behaviour and distributed, autonomous and independent constituents. The development of SoSs that can tolerate faults and harmful events is hampered by these and other complexities. Currently there is little in the way of methods or tools to help SoS developers to design fault‐tolerant SoSs. In this paper we present a structured approach for capturing requirements for a fault‐tolerant SoS and a fault modelling architectural framework (FMAF) that supports disciplined and reusable development of fault‐tolerant architectures. We also provide a traceable mapping of the fault‐tolerant requirements into SoS architectural designs. Finally we apply our techniques to a real‐world SoS case study.
3.3.2 Re‐Use Libraries Leveraging Model‐Based Systems Engineering to greatly increase engineering productivity
Authors: Smith Warren B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe prevalence of model‐based systems engineering tools has created a once‐in‐a‐generation opportunity for engineering organizations to dramatically improve productivity by re‐using common design elements when creating new product variants. To recognize these engineering productivity improvements, a library of model‐based reusable elements can incorporate key product design structures encompassing requirements, architecture, behavior, interfaces and tests. Unfortunately, simply using a systems model does not translate into reusability of those designs on another programs. The author's previous studies have shown real cost savings when deploying re‐use libraries: For example, when re‐using just common requirements defined on previous programs, organizations save as much as 40% of each systems engineer's time with a return on investment exceeding of 328%. This paper describes the key considerations and basic process of building a library of model‐based re‐usable elements and explores the investment required and utility of such a library.
5.2.2 Application of product lines in industrial gas turbine control systems
Authors: Jacques Jean‐Roch 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSensors and actuators are key components of industrial Gas Turbines (GTs). Their requirements include stringent safety and reliability targets. In order to improve functional interface between the GT and the Package, new control system architecture is proposed. This new architecture aims to partition the controls hardware according to its functionality as opposed to its physical location.Hence, a product line approach has been employed to provide similar architectures across Energy products (Industrial RB211‐G(T), Trent, and RB211‐H) and to reuse controls hardware components. A key challenge is to address Third Party Package (TPP) and Rolls‐Royce package with common architecture.In the Energy business, New Product Introduction (NPI) projects are under significant time and budget pressures. This reality increases the risk of misunderstood requirements due to project stages running in parallel. The product line approach mitigates this risk by reusing GT Control Systems across projects while reducing development time and costs.
7.1.1 Reduction of Late Design Changes Through Early Phase Need Analysis
Authors: Tranøy Eldar , Muller Gerrit 
Published: October 2015

AbstractContractors in the oil and gas industry are experiencing an increased pressure to deliver projects at a lower cost and at a shorter schedule. Extensive requirements combined with strict governing documents restrict project designs. Therefore, contractors need efficient governing processes that capture customers' needs and ensure that system requirements relates to these customer needs.In the execution phase of a project, the engineering degrees of freedom are limited. In the early project phase of concept and study, the basic design is established. The design freeze occurs in the tender phase, based on a best interpretation of customer needs. This causes any changes made in the execution phase to be costly and have the potential to impose severe subsequent consequences. Proper use of systems engineering ensures a minimal amount of late design changes. The most important systems engineering process in such a context, is the capturing of customer needs and definition of user requirements. We researched the processes used to capture system requirements today, and the potential impact of using systems engineering techniques for this purpose. We uncovered multiple gaps in the current process of capturing customer needs, which subsequently led to the definition of system requirements based on international standards and best practices, instead of actual needs. Our research also showed that with a process of capturing customer needs based on systems engineering techniques, as much as 92% of the costs imposed by late design changes are avoidable.
7.4.3 Embedding Agile Practices within a Plan‐Driven Hierarchical Project Life Cycle
Authors: Millard Wm David , Johnson Daniel M , Henderson John Mark , Lombardo Nicholas , Bass Robert B , Smith Jason 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and its clients have historically used a structured, plan‐driven approach to provide continuity, direction, and control to large, multi‐year programs. Projects within these programs vary greatly in size, complexity, level of maturity, technical risk, and clarity.On a recent program one of our clients employed hierarchical requirements methodologies for technology development projects, with complex interfaces and tight project schedules, which necessitated frequent end‐to‐end product demonstrations throughout system development. In response PNNL embedded Agile engineering practices into the plan‐driven project life cycle to benefit from the Agile principle of delivering frequent, interim, and functioning products regularly throughout the project's period of performance.This paper describes the application of those Agile practices on a large command and control system development effort. It discusses how the project team benefitted from both the plan‐driven project execution and the rapid prototyping, integration, and client feedback made possible with the implementation of Agile practices. Furthermore, this paper discusses the tools and implementing mechanisms used to transition between each methodology.
8.3.1 Increasing the value of model‐assisted communication: Modeling for understanding, exploration and verification in production line design projects
Authors: Stalsberg Bjørn , Muller Gerrit 
Published: October 2015

AbstractModeling and visualization is a common tool in the systems engineering process used to validate assumptions, increase understanding, synchronize views, and support decisions. The architect can apply models to support different purposes through all phases of a project. In this paper, we analyze model usage in production line improvement projects at GKN Aerospace Norway (GAN). We apply modeling in the understanding phase, exploration phase and verification phase of various projects. Our goal is to identify factors in the applied models that affect the models' success rate. Further, we explore how the importance of the identified factors varies in the different modeling phases. We also discuss how much effort the architect should invest in model creation.Among the impact factors we discuss are: a models ability to be instantly edited, visual attributes like how close to reality the model appears, a model's level of details and assumptions, and how personally relevant the model content is. Observations and feedback captured during this study indicate how the importance of each identified impact factor varies relative to the modeling phase. We also suggest that the resources spent on model creation should be in accordance with the intended value of the output from the model.By understanding how and when to use the impact factors discussed in this study, the architect will be better suited to make the proper design choices during model creation, and be able to provide more effective model‐assisted communication.
9.2.2 When “Yes” is the Wrong Answer
Authors: Beasley Richard , Nolan Andy J. , Pickard Andrew C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSystems Engineering's value comes from doing effective pre‐work to avoid later, expensive rework. There are many barriers to uptake of Systems Engineering, including the difficulty of abstract and holistic thinking and project time pressures. This paper focuses on the time pressures, and the usual desire to show positive progress in any form of review of a project. This leads to a behavior where there is a tendency to say “yes” in answer to a question because we know it is the desired answer. Inappropriate “yes” statements to questions like “Are the requirements complete?” result in a tendency to stop the pre‐work, and start the solution stage pre‐maturely or with false confidence. The paper proposes as a heuristic that the Systems Engineer recognizes that there are implicit dangers in answering “yes” to many review type questions.
9.4.2 Application of AFD & CASE TOOL to Improve Safety of River Crossing by KWAV
Authors: Lee Cheol Woo , An Su Hong , Park Tae Woo , Na Jae Hyun , Lee In Ho , Kim Eui Whan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo mitigate and manage the risk of river crossing of ground armored vehicles has been one of the big challenges for engineers in Korea. Especially, Korean Wheeled Armored Vehicle (KWAV) development project has few references about river crossing by similar wheeled armored vehicles. So revealing and identifying failure scenarios of crossing river of KWAV requires a fundamentally creative method. We found the Anticipatory Failure Determination (AFD) method originated from TRIZ has much relevance to our task for safety improvement for KWAV river crossing.This paper introduces AFD method and its UAV application example. And it shows AFD application on KWAV safety improvement study for river crossing. Some critical safety cases during river crossing are illustrated in this paper.And we found that the structured approach to identifying success and failure scenarios provided by AFD can be easily modeled by CASE tools. And integration of scenarios and resources into the same CASE model is very important for modeling AFD. So we chose to apply CORE v8.0 on the AFD study of KWAV River Crossing. Some of the modeling results are illustrated in the paper. And verification cases of the above mentioned modelings and solutions are also illustrated.This study will improve the safety in water crossing of WAV and also promote AFD & CASE TOOL application.
Comparison of outcomes obtained in murine local lymph node assays using CBA/J or CBA/Ca mice
Authors: Maeda Yosuke , Hirosaki Haruka , Yakata Naoaki , Takeyoshi Masahiro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCBA/J and CBA/Ca mice are the recommended strains for local lymph node assays (LLNAs). Here, we report quantitative and qualitative comparisons between both mouse strains to provide useful information for the strain selection of sensitization testing. LLNA was conducted, in accordance with Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development Test Guideline No. 429, with CBA/J and CBA/Ca mice using five chemicals including typical contact sensitizers and non‐sensitizers: 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), isoeugenol, α‐hexylcinnamic aldehyde (HCA), propylene glycol (PG), and hexane; then outcomes were compared based on the raw data (disintegrations per minute, DPM), stimulation index (SI) values, EC3 values and positive/negative decisions. Although a significant difference was noted between DPM values derived from each strain of mice, SI values exhibited no considerable difference. The EC3 values for DNCB in CBA/J and CBA/Ca mice were 0.04 and 0.03, those for isoeugenol were 1.4 and 0.9, and those for HCA were 7.7 and 6.0, respectively. All EC values derived from each test system were almost equivalent and were within the range of acceptance criteria of the ICCVAM performance standard for LLNA. Positive/negative outcomes for all test chemicals were consistent. In conclusion, no considerable differences were observed in the final outcomes derived from CBA/J and CBA/Ca mice in LLNA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro bioactivity study of TiCaPCO(N) and Ag‐doped TiCaPCO(N) films in simulated body fluid
Authors: Sukhorukova I.V. , Sheveyko A.N. , Kiryukhantsev‐Korneev Ph. V. , Levashov E.A. , Shtansky D.V. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBioactivity of multicomponent TiCaPCO(N) and Ag‐doped TiCaPCO(N) films was evaluated in vitro using simulated body fluid (SBF) and compared with that of bioactive glass Biogran. The first group of films was fabricated by magnetron sputtering of composite TiС0.5–Ti3POx–CaO target produced via the self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) method (TiCaPCON films), after which their surface was implanted with Ag+ ions to obtain Ag‐doped TiCaPCON films. The second group of films was fabricated by pulsed electrospark deposition (PED) using SHS‐produced composite TiС0.5–Ti3POx–CaO and TiС0.5–Ti3POx–CaO–Ag electrodes. After immersion in SBF, the structure and chemistry of surface were well characterized using a combination of various microanalytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry (both in conventional and grazing incidence mode), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The results showed that the surfaces of the TiCaPCO(N) and Ag‐doped TiCaPCO(N) films were bioactive in vitro and induced the formation of an apatite layer during exposure in SBF. In the case of the magnetron‐sputtered films, the apatite layer was formed over 14 days, while 28 days were needed to form CaP phase on the surface of PED‐modified samples. Various factors (film structure, surface roughness, surface functional groups, surface charge, and composition, supersaturation, and near‐surface local supersaturation of SBF) affecting the kinetics of bone‐like apatite formation on a bioactive surface are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 193–203, 2017.
Epistemological Development Profiles of Chinese Engineering Doctoral Students in U.S. Institutions: An Application of Perry's Theory
Authors: Zhu Jiabin , Cox Monica F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn the fields of science and engineering, Chinese students earned the largest number of doctorate degrees among foreign students in U.S. institutions from 1989 to 2009. Although prior studies have explored Chinese students’ adjustment issues in U.S. institutions, such as language capabilities, socialization, and learning experiences, little is known about the cognitive aspects of their academic experiences.PurposeThis study adopted Perry's theory, which describes college students’ epistemological development from a dualistic to a relativistic manner of thinking in four stages, to map the epistemological developmental profiles of Chinese engineering doctoral students in U.S. institutions.MethodThe dominant epistemological development stages of Chinese engineering doctoral students from five Midwestern universities were identified through a quantitative survey with four subscales corresponding to Perry's four stages. ANOVA tests explored differences in the subscales concerning demographic parameters.ResultsThe results suggested that the dominant thinking styles of nearly 80% of the students fell into the latter two stages of Perry's theory. Significant differences were observed in survey subscales regarding factors such as students’ academic progress and university at the time of research.ConclusionsThe study offers a profile of Chinese engineering doctoral students’ epistemological development using Perry's theory. Our results highlight the possible effect of U.S. engineering graduate training and demographic factors on students’ epistemological development.
Procedural sedation and implications for quality and risk management
Authors: Antonelli Mary T. , Seaver David , Urman Richard D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA successful procedural sedation program requires a robust institutional policy backed by a solid educational program and an administrative structure. Given the nature of the services provided, combined with the growth in complexity of both patients and procedures, sedation presents a potential liability for both the provider and the institution. A sedation program is built with a multidisciplinary team of experts representing all stakeholders: healthcare providers, risk and quality improvement managers, and facility administration. An institutional procedural sedation policy should be based on nationally and state recognized practice requirements and guidelines. Clinical care must be supported with a robust risk and quality structure built within the program to ensure best practice at the point of care.
Monitoring the prevalence of genetically modified maize in commercial animal feeds and food products in Turkey
Authors: Turkec Aydin , Lucas Stuart J , Karlık Elif 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDEU legislation strictly controls use of genetically modified (GM) crops in food and feed products, and requires them to be labelled if the total GM content is greater than 9 g kg−1 (for approved GM crops). We screened maize‐containing food and feed products from Turkey to assess the prevalence of GM material.RESULTSWith this aim, 83 food and feed products – none labelled as containing GM material – were screened using multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for four common GM elements (35S/NOS/bar/FMV). Of these, 18.2% of feeds and 6% of food samples tested positive for one or more of these elements, and were subjected to event‐specific PCR to identify which GM organisms they contained. Most samples were negative for the approved GM events tested, suggesting that they may contain adventitious GM contaminants. One sample was shown to contain an unapproved GM event (MON810, along with GA21) at a concentration well above the statutory labelling requirement.CONCLUSIONCurrent legislation has restricted the penetration of GM maize into the Turkish food industry but not eliminated it, and the proliferation of different GM events is making monitoring increasingly complex. Our results indicate that labelling requirements are not being followed in some cases. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry