bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic temporal relations between anxious and depressive symptoms across adolescence
Authors: Kouros Chrystyna D. , Quasem Susanna , Garber Judy 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSymptoms of anxiety and depression are prevalent among adolescents and associated with impairment in multiple domains of functioning. Moreover, anxiety and depression frequently co-occur, with estimated comorbidity rates as high as 75%. Whereas previous research has shown that anxiety symptoms predict increased depressive symptoms over time, the relation between depressive symptoms and later anxiety symptoms has been inconsistent. The present study examined dynamic relations between anxiety and depressive symptoms across adolescence and explored whether these longitudinal relations were moderated by maternal history of anxiety, family relationship quality, or children's attributional style. Participants included 240 children (M age = 11.86 years; 53.9% female) and their mothers, who were assessed annually for 6 years. Children reported on their depressive symptoms and mothers reported on their child's anxiety symptoms. Dynamic latent change score models indicated that anxiety symptoms predicted subsequent elevations in depressive symptoms over time. Depressive symptoms predicted subsequent elevations in anxiety symptoms among children who had mothers with a history of anxiety, reported low family relationship quality, or had high levels of negative attributions. Thus, whereas anxiety symptoms were a robust predictor of later depressive symptoms during adolescence, contextual and individual factors may be important to consider when examining relations between depressive symptoms and subsequent change in anxiety symptoms.
Deconstructing the externalizing spectrum: Growth patterns of overt aggression, covert aggression, oppositional behavior, impulsivity/inattention, and emotion dysregulation between school entry and early adolescence
Authors: Olson Sheryl L. , Sameroff Arnold J. , Lansford Jennifer E. , Sexton Holly , Davis-Kean Pamela , Bates John E. , Pettit Gregory S. , Dodge Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether five subcomponents of children's externalizing behavior showed distinctive patterns of long-term growth and predictive correlates. We examined growth in teachers' ratings of overt aggression, covert aggression, oppositional defiance, impulsivity/inattention, and emotion dysregulation across three developmental periods spanning kindergarten through Grade 8 (ages 5–13 years). We also determined whether three salient background characteristics, family socioeconomic status, child ethnicity, and child gender, differentially predicted growth in discrete categories of child externalizing symptoms across development. Participants were 543 kindergarten-age children (52% male, 81% European American, 17% African American) whose problem behaviors were rated by teachers each successive year of development through Grade 8. Latent growth curve analyses were performed for each component scale, contrasting with overall externalizing, in a piecewise fashion encompassing three developmental periods: kindergarten–Grade 2, Grades 3–5, and Grades 6–8. We found that most subconstructs of externalizing behavior increased significantly across the early school age period relative to middle childhood and early adolescence. However, overt aggression did not show early positive growth, and emotion dysregulation significantly increased across middle childhood. Advantages of using subscales were most clear in relation to illustrating different growth functions between the discrete developmental periods. Moreover, growth in some discrete subcomponents was differentially associated with variations in family socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Our findings strongly affirmed the necessity of adopting a developmental approach to the analysis of growth in children's externalizing behavior and provided unique data concerning similarities and differences in growth between subconstructs of child and adolescent externalizing behavior.
Severe airway obstruction from a bronchial cast after cardiac transplantation
Authors: Parent John J. , Darragh Robert K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPlastic bronchitis is a rare and difficult to treat disease process in patients with congenital heart disease. Cardiac transplantation has been used increasingly to reverse this process, especially in single ventricle physiology. This case report demonstrates a foreseeable complication after cardiac transplantation in such a patient.
-theory of one-dimensional rings via pro-excision
Authors: Morrow Matthew 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper studies ‘pro-excision’ for the$K$-theory of one-dimensional, usually semi-local, rings and its various applications. In particular, we prove Geller’s conjecture for equal characteristic rings over a perfect field of finite characteristic, give results towards Geller’s conjecture in mixed characteristic, and we establish various finiteness results for the$K$-groups of singularities, covering both orders in number fields and singular curves over finite fields.
Clinical Trial Simulation to Inform Phase 2: Comparison of Concentrated vs. Distributed First‐in‐Patient Study Designs in Psoriasis
Authors: Dodds MG , Salinger DH , Mandema J , Gibbs JP , Gibbs MA 
Published: July 2013

Clinical trial simulation (CTS) and model‐based meta‐analysis (MBMA) can increase our understanding of small, first‐in‐patient (FIP) trial design performance to inform Phase 2 decision making. In this work, we compared dose‐ranging designs vs. designs testing only placebo and the maximum dose for early decision making in psoriasis. Based on MBMA of monoclonal antibodies in the psoriasis space, a threshold of greater than a 50 percentage point improvement over placebo effect at the highest feasible drug dose was required for the advancement in psoriasis. Studies testing only placebo and the maximum dose made the correct advancement decision marginally more often than dose‐ranging designs in the majority of the cases. However, dose‐ranging studies in FIP trials offer important design advantages in the form of dose–response (D–R) information to inform Phase 2 dose selection. CTS can increase the efficiency and quality of drug development decision making by studying the limitations and benefits of study designs prospectively.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e58; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.32; published online 24 July 2013
The Effects of Semantic Context and the Type and Amount of Acoustic Distortion on Lexical Decision by Younger and Older Adults
Authors: Goy Huiwen , Pelletier Marianne , Coletta Marco , Pichora-Fuller M. Kathleen 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
In this study, the authors investigated how acoustic distortion affected younger and older adults' use of context in a lexical decision task.

Method

The authors measured lexical decision reaction times (RTs) when intact target words followed acoustically distorted sentence contexts. Contexts were semantically congruent, neutral, or incongruent. Younger adults (
n
= 216) were tested on three distortion types: low-pass filtering, time compression, and masking by multitalker babble, using two amounts of distortion selected to control for word recognition accuracy. Older adults (
n
= 108) were tested on two amounts of time compression and one low-pass filtering condition.

Results
For both age groups, there was robust facilitation by congruent contexts but minimal inhibition by incongruent contexts. Facilitation decreased as distortion increased. Older listeners had slower RTs than younger listeners, but this difference was smaller in congruent than in neutral or incongruent conditions. After controlling for word recognition accuracy, older listeners' RTs were slower in time-compressed than in low-pass filtering conditions, but younger listeners performed similarly in both conditions.

Conclusions
These RT results highlight the interdependence between bottom-up sensory and top-down semantic processing. Consistent with previous findings based on accuracy measures, compared with younger adults, older adults were disproportionately slowed when speech was time compressed but more facilitated by congruent contexts.
The Influence of Semantic Context on the Perception of Spanish-Accented American English
Authors: Behrman Alison , Akhund Ali 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
In this article, the authors examine (a) the effect of semantic context on accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility of Spanish-accented American English (AE) as judged by monolingual AE listeners and (b) the interaction of semantic context and accentedness on comprehensibility and intelligibility.

Method
Twenty adult native (L1) Spanish speakers proficient in AE and 4 L1 AE speakers (controls) read 48 statements consisting of true–false, semantically meaningful, and semantically anomalous sentences. Eighty monolingual AE listeners assessed accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility of the statements.

Results
A significant main effect was found for semantic category on all 3 dependent variables. Accents were perceived to be stronger, and both comprehensibility and intelligibility were worse, in semantically anomalous contexts. Speaker data were grouped into strong, mid-level, and mild accents. The interaction between semantic category and accent was significant for both comprehensibility and intelligibility. The effect of semantic context was strongest for strong accents. Intelligibility was excellent for speakers with mid-level accents in true–false and semantically meaningful contexts, and it was excellent for mild accents in all contexts.

Conclusions
Listeners access semantic information, in addition to phonetic and phonotactic features, in the perception of nonnative speech. Both accent level and semantic context are important in research on foreign-accented speech.
The Effect of Incremental Changes in Phonotactic Probability and Neighborhood Density on Word Learning by Preschool Children
Authors: Storkel Holly L. , Bontempo Daniel E. , Aschenbrenner Andrew J. , Maekawa Junko , Lee Su-Yeon 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
Phonotactic probability or neighborhood density has predominately been defined through the use of gross distinctions (i.e., low vs. high). In the current studies, the authors examined the influence of finer changes in probability (Experiment 1) and density (Experiment 2) on word learning.

Method
The authors examined the full range of probability or density by sampling 5 nonwords from each of 4 quartiles. Three- and 5-year-old children received training on nonword–nonobject pairs. Learning was measured in a picture-naming task immediately following training and 1 week after training. Results were analyzed through the use of multilevel modeling.

Results
A linear spline model best captured nonlinearities in phonotactic probability. Specifically, word learning improved as probability increased in the lowest quartile, worsened as probability increased in the mid-low quartile, and then remained stable and poor in the 2 highest quartiles. An ordinary linear model sufficiently described neighborhood density. Here, word learning improved as density increased across all quartiles.

Conclusion
Given these different patterns, phonotactic probability and neighborhood density appear to influence different word learning processes. Specifically, phonotactic probability may affect recognition that a sound sequence is an acceptable word in the language and is a novel word for the child, whereas neighborhood density may influence creation of a new representation in long-term memory.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170399
Energy‐harvesting system design through Bluetooth environment for smart phone
Authors: Jeong Taikyeong 
Published: July 2013

Recent mobile handhelds, for example, smart‐phone, can be charged wirelessly using the traditional wireless communication technologies as well as a new energy‐harvesting circuit. In particular, Bluetooth with a charging circuit enables a short‐range wireless charging of a mobile handheld. This study presents an overview of power‐charging structures and proposes a new charging and harvesting circuit based on schottky diode with a real commercial film‐type antenna on mobile terminal. The authors’ new circuit improves the charging efficiency approximately by 160%, that is, 0.45 mA rather than 5 mA for a current Smartphone in the consumer market.
Brief Educational Intervention to Improve Medical Student Competence in Managing Patients Exposed to Secondhand Smoke
Authors: Merlo Lisa J. , Sutton Jill A. , Gold Mark S. 
Published: July 2013

Background Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure may lead to the development of various diseases and conditions. One way to reduce SHS exposure is to screen for it within each primary care examination so that appropriate counseling can be directed to affected individuals. There has been little attention to improving medical education about SHS exposure and screening. The goal of this study was to develop an SHS-related educational intervention for medical students, with the purpose of improving knowledge regarding consequences of SHS exposure, and increasing intent to screen patients for exposure. Methods Medical students ( N = 405) were given a measure assessing their knowledge of SHS exposure and intent to screen. Two groups of students served as controls (i.e., a posttest-only group and a pre/posttest group), and one group participated in the SHS education intervention. A factorial analysis with repeated measures and chi-square analyses were used to assess the differences between the groups to determine the impact of the SHS education intervention (ie, online lectures and a standardized patient interaction) on knowledge and intent to screen. Results Results of pretesting demonstrated that medical students had little knowledge of SHS exposure, averaging scores between 63% and 69% on the examination. One control group was reassessed a year later with no educational intervention. They did not demonstrate a significant change in their pre- to posttest scores, although the vast majority (∼95%) reported intending to screen future patients. Students who participated in the SHS educational intervention significantly improved their scores from pre- to posttest ( P <.001), and 100% also reported intending to screen future patients. Conclusions This study suggests that brief education regarding the consequences of SHS exposure may improve medical students’ knowledge and increase intent to screen. Future research should assess the long-term impact of educational programs on improved clinical care.
Salmonellae in Fish Feces Analyzed by In Situ Hybridization and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Sha Qiong , Forstner Michael R. J. , Bonner Timothy H. , Hahn Dittmar 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The potential of fish to transfer salmonellae from heterogeneous aquatic biofilms into feces was assessed in controlled aquarium studies with Suckermouth Catfish Hypostomus plecostomus and with biofilms inoculated with salmonellae. Neither the presence of catfish nor inoculation with salmonellae had detectable effects on the abundance of the microbial community. Densities of the microbial community were about 105 cells/mL in the water during a 1-week period, whereas densities of the microbial community increased 10-fold (106 to 107 cells/mg) in catfish feces during the same period. Salmonellae were detected by both quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and situ hybridization in water samples immediately after inoculation, in numbers of about 104 cells/mL, representing up to 20% of the cells of the microbial community. Numbers decreased by three orders of magnitude within the first 3 d of the study, which represented only 0.01% of the community, and became undetectable after day 5. In catfish feces, numbers of Salmonella initially increased to up to 6% of the cells of the community but then declined. These results suggest that Salmonella are not biomagnified during gut passage, and thus, fish only provide a means for the translocation of this pathogen.
Received November 25, 2012; accepted March 25, 2013
First Report of Citrus tristeza virus in Citrus Orchards in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Delić D. , Afechtal M. , Djelouah K. , Lolić B. , Karačić A. 
Published: July 2013

The citrus growing area in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is limited to the confluence of the river Neretva, which is close to the Adriatic coastal region. Approximately 6 ha are grown in the country. Mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and lemons (Citrus limon L.) grafted on trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) are the most cultivated species. In June 2012, 25 samples were collected from individual trees from three locations in Herzegovina district of B&H (Mostar, Čapljina, and Ljubuški). Samples of different Citrus spp. (C. reticulata Blanco, C. aurantium L., C. limon L., C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck, P. trifoliata (L.) Raf., and Fortunella margarita Lour) and varieties were collected from infield plants, commercial citrus orchards, and a nursery. Out of 25, 10 citrus trees exhibited leaves chlorosis, whereas as all others were apparently symptomless. Double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA test, using commercial kit from the DSMZ, Germany (product code AS-0988), was carried out to confirm the presence of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). In addition, further analyses were performed using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR targeting the coat protein gene (2). CTV was detected in 8 out of the 25 tested samples with DAS-ELISA, whereas CTV was detected in 14 samples by RT-PCR. Being grafted on P. trifoliata rootstock, no typical CTV symptoms in the field were observed on the CTV-infected trees; interestingly, the lab analyses evidenced the CTV presence in all inspected locations of the Herzegovina district. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CTV in Bosnia and Herzegovina; nevertheless, the virus presence is also reported from neighboring countries Croatia (1) and Montenegro (3). The PCR products of four samples were additionally analyzed by sequencing. The preliminary results by sequencing of the coat protein gene of four selected CTV isolates (Accessions HF947341, HF947342, HF947343, and HF947347) showed 99% nucleotide identity with the CTV resistance breaking isolates from Montenegro (FR871866) and Croatia (EU579422). Although a very small number of samples were tested in this study, CTV appears to be widely distributed in the citrus orchards of the country. This could be related to the traditional use of tolerant P. trifoliata rootstock that prevents the development of the tristeza decline as well as to the virus isolates present in the region, which appear not to cause another economically devastating CTV disease such as stem pitting. Further research will be dedicated to the biological properties of the genetic variability of these identified CTV isolates and the assessment of potential aphid vectors. References: (1) S. Černi et al. Plant Dis. 89:342, 2005. (2) M. E. Hilf et al. Options Méditerranéennes B 65:89, 2009. (3) T. Papic et al. Plant Dis. 89:434, 2005.
Constraints, concerns and considerations about the necessity of estimating free glucocorticoid concentrations for field endocrine studies
Authors: Schoech Stephan J. , Romero L. Michael , Moore Ignacio T. , Bonier Frances 
Published: July 2013

Summary

We evaluate the utility of measuring corticosteroid‐binding globulins (CBG) and estimating free glucocorticoid (GC) concentrations for field endocrine studies. We assert that for three general reasons, measurement of free GCs might not be more useful than total GCs for many studies.

First, estimates of so‐called ‘free’ GCs are likely inaccurate, in part because of the following: (i) other factors in the blood also bind GCs, (ii) CBG binds plasma steroids other than GCs and (iii) CBG binding affinity can vary with local conditions, such as enzymatic activity and tissue temperature.

Second, evidence suggests an active role for CBG‐bound GCs, CBG or both, in the vertebrate stress response, calling into question the validity and generality of the free hormone hypothesis.

Third, free and total GCs function over different time frames. Free GCs are likely important in the seconds‐to‐minutes time‐scale of interaction with tissues, but total GCs could function at minutes‐to‐hours time‐scales by serving as the reservoir to continue supplying GCs to tissues. As transcription regulators, most GC effects manifest in hours; thus, total GCs would be the most appropriate measure for estimating total biological impact.

Our understanding of the biochemistry and the biological actions of both GCs and CBG indicates that total GC concentrations are currently less prone to error and more biologically interpretable than estimates of free hormone. Although further work is necessary, total GC titres currently remain the most accurate and informative estimates of stress hormone levels to address biological questions in nature.
Modelling the spatial spread of a homing endonuclease gene in a mosquito population
Authors: North Ace , Burt Austin , Godfray H. Charles J. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Homing endonuclease genes (HEGs) exist naturally in many single‐celled organisms and can show extremely strong genetic drive allowing them to spread through populations into which they are introduced. They are being investigated as tools to manipulate the populations of important vectors of human disease, in particular the mosquitoes that transmit malaria. Before HEGs can be deployed, it is important to study their spatial spread in order to design efficient release strategies.

A spatially explicit model is developed to study the spread of a HEG through a landscape whose structure is defined by the distribution of mosquito breeding and feeding sites. The model is motivated by the biology of the major vectors of malaria in Africa. The conditions for spread, fixation and loss of two major types of HEG are explored in different landscapes.

In landscapes where mosquito resources are abundant, the conditions for spread are well approximated by a mean‐field model. Where a HEG imposes a genetic load, it can cause population extinction, though spatial models more often predict population suppression.

In certain types of landscapes where mosquito resources are rare, an introduced HEG may be prevented from moving between local mosquito populations and so a simple release strategy is unlikely to be effective, yet if the HEG succeeds in spreading population extinction is a feasible outcome. Increasing the number of release sites at the expense of releasing fewer mosquitoes per site reduces the probability that a HEG will fail.

Synthesis and applications. The model presented asks for the first time how the spatial structure of mosquito populations will influence the effectiveness of a technology that is being rapidly developed for vector control. If homing endonuclease genes (HEGs) are to be used in this way, we have qualified the importance of accounting for landscape characteristics in both the execution and the expectation of their application. The next stage is to use the model to study the spread of HEGs through real landscapes where releases may take place, something that will be facilitated by the results of the present study.