bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological assessment of cervical lymph node identifies patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): Who would benefit from chemoradiation after surgery?
Authors: Wan Xiao Chloe , Egloff Ann Marie , Johnson Jonas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Postoperative chemoradiation (CRT) has been shown to be more effective than postoperative radiotherapy (RT) alone in high risk head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Multimodality therapy is associated with more treatment related‐toxicity. In this study, we assessed cervical lymph node histological characteristics to detect prognostic and predictive value differences to help guide therapeutic decision making.Study Design:Retrospective analysis of Cancer Registry data.Methods:HNSCC surgical patients who had tumor resection and neck dissection at our institution from 1980 to 2008 were identified (n=1510). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were developed to identify significant predictors of three outcomes: overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and neck disease recurrence (NDR). Hazard ratios were estimated for the number of cervical nodal metastases and presence of extracapsular spread (ECS) by adjuvant treatment after controlling for significant covariates.Results:Increasing number of positive nodes was significantly associated with poorer outcomes in OS, DSS, and NDR models (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.0002, respectively). OS and DSS associated with adjuvant treatment (none, RT, or CRT) were modified by number of positive nodes, ECS status, and cancer site. The presence of ECS was associated with reduced OS and DSS (p=0.077, p=0.001 respectively), but not significantly associated with NDR (p=0.179). Nodal positive patients benefited from adjuvant therapy regardless of ECS status. CRT consistently conferred a survival advantage over RT across all nodal categories, although the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions:We observed a consistent survival advantage with CRT over RT for patients with positive cervical nodal metastasis, although the difference was not statistically significant. Laryngoscope, 2012
Chemical modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) micropowder — basis for special lubricant additives
Authors: Hoffmann T. , Lehmann D. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis contribution presents results of the chemical coupling reaction between the poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) micropowder and oils. For the preparation of such dispersions, the reaction between the perfluoroalkyl(peroxy) radicals, which are generated by irradiation of PTFE in presence of oxygen, and the olefinic unsaturated groups of the oils was used.The modified and charged PTFE micropowder particles prevent the agglomeration by repulsion and therefore also the sedimentation. Processes of structural formation in the dispersions were studied by rheological characterisation and observed into dependence of the PTFE concentration and the chosen kind of PTFE. The tribological characterisation should explore the influence of the chemical coupling reaction between PTFE and oil in the dispersions. In addition, the tribological effect of the dispersions as an additive in a synthetic lubricant was investigated.The results obtained were discussed from rheological and tribological point of view taking into account the effect of the chemical coupling in dependence of the oils used and the chosen PTFE type. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of In‐Store Greenery on Customers
Authors: Brengman Malaika , Willems Kim , Joye Yannick 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe incorporation of greenery in retail areas has scarcely been explored in environmental psychology studies. In a 2 × 2 experimental design, the effect of in‐store vegetation on consumer emotions and responses toward the store was studied, considering the moderating role of the information rate of the retail setting. While introducing foliage in the store environment did not evoke feelings of excitement, it was found to elicit pleasure and to reduce stress in a “complex” store interior. Given the impact of pleasure and stress on consumers’ approach/avoidance responses, these findings support the potential of integrating greenery, particularly in “spatially dense” stores.
Prediction of Cytochrome P450 Profiles of Environmental Chemicals with QSAR Models Built from Drug‐Like Molecules
Authors: Sun Hongmao , Veith Henrike , Xia Menghang , Austin Christopher P. , Tice Raymond R. , Huang Ruili 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family is involved in the biotransformation of many xenobiotics. As part of the U.S. Tox21 Phase I effort, we profiled the CYP activity of approximately three thousand compounds, primarily those of environmental concern, against human CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 isoforms in a quantitative high throughput screening (qHTS) format. In order to evaluate the extent to which computational models built from a drug‐like library screened in these five CYP assays under the same conditions can accurately predict the outcome of an environmental compound library, five support vector machine (SVM) models built from over 17,000 drug‐like compounds were challenged to predict the CYP activities of the Tox21 compound collection. Although a large fraction of the test compounds fall outside of the applicability domain (AD) of the models, as measured by k‐nearest neighbor (k‐NN) similarities, the predictions were largely accurate for CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 ioszymes with area under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUC‐ROC) ranging between 0.82 and 0.84. The lower predictive power of the CYP2C19 model (AUC‐ROC=0.76) is caused by experimental errors and that of the CYP2D6 model (AUC‐ROC=0.76) can be rescued by rebalancing the training data. Our results demonstrate that decomposing molecules into atom types enhanced the coverage of the AD and that computational models built from drug‐like molecules can be used to predict the ability of non‐drug like compounds to interact with these CYPs.
Optimization and effect of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane content on the properties of bentonite‐filled ethylene propylene diene monomer composites
Authors: Mathialagan M. , Ismail H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe effect of silane coupling agent, 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) content on the curing, tensile, swelling, and morphological properties of bentonite (Bt)‐filled ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) composite was studied. The EPDM composites containing constant Bt composition of 30 phr and various APTES content (0, 1, 3, and 5 phr) were prepared using a laboratory scale two‐roll mill. The result showed that the cure time (t90) and scorch time (tS2) were shortened, whilst, the cure rate index (CRI), the maximum (MH) and minimum (ML) torque increased with increasing APTES content. The experimental results revealed that the optimum APTES content that led to the highest tensile and swelling properties was 3 phr. The presence of APTES greatly improved the dispersion of Bt in EPDM matrix and enhanced the interfacial interaction between EPDM and Bt. Morphological study through scanning electron microscopy revealed the enhanced adhesion between EPDM and Bt in the presence of 3 phr APTES. POLYM. COMPOS., 33:1993–2000, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Status of three‐neutrino oscillation parameters
Authors: Tórtola M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHere we review the current status of global fits to neutrino oscillation data within the three‐flavour framework. In our analysis we include the most recent data from solar and atmospheric neutrino experiments as well as the latest results from the long‐baseline accelerator neutrino experiments and the recent measurements of reactor neutrino disappearance reported by Double Chooz, Daya Bay and RENO. We present updated determinations for the two neutrino mass splittings and the three mixing angles responsible for neutrino oscillations that, for the first time, have all been measured with 1σ accuracies ranging from 3 to 15%. A weak sensitivity for the CP violating phase δ is also reported from the global analysis.
The S3 flavour symmetry: Neutrino masses and mixings
Authors: González Canales F. , Mondragón A. , Mondragón M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this work, we discuss the neutrino masses and mixings as the realization of an S3 flavour permutational symmetry in two models, namely the Standard Model and an extension of the Standard Model with three Higgs doublets. In the S3 Standard Model, mass matrices of the same generic form are obtained for the neutrino and charged leptons when the S3 flavour symmetry is broken sequentially according to the chain S3L ⊗ S3R ⊃ S3diag ⊃ S2. In the minimal S3‐symmetric extension of the Standard Model, the S3 symmetry is left unbroken, and the concept of flavour is extended to the Higgs sector by introducing in the theory three Higgs fields which are SU(2) doublets. In both models, the mass matrices of the neutrinos and charged leptons are reparametrized in terms of their eigenvalues, and exact, explicit analytical expressions for the neutrino mixing angles as functions of the masses of neutrinos and charged leptons are obtained. In the case of the S3 Standard Model, from a χ2 fit of the theoretical expressions of the lepton mixing matrix to the values extracted from experiment, the numerical values of the neutrino mixing angles are obtained in excellent agreement with experimental data. In the S3 extension of the Standard Model, if two of the right handed neutrinos masses are degenerate, the reactor and atmospheric mixing angles are determined by the masses of the charged leptons, yielding θ23 in excellent agreement with experimental data, and θ13 different from zero but very small. If the masses of the three right handed neutrinos are assumed to be different, then it is possible to get θ13also in very good agreement with experimental data. We also show the branching ratios of some selected flavour changing neutral currents (FCNC) process as well as the contribution of the exchange of a neutral flavour changing scalar to the anomaly of the magnetic moment of the muon.
CCL11 (eotaxin‐1): A new diagnostic serum marker for prostate cancer
Authors: Agarwal Manisha , He Chang , Siddiqui Javed , Wei John T. , Macoska Jill A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe recent recommendation of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force against PSA‐based screening for prostate cancer was based, in part, on the lack of demonstrated diagnostic utility of serum PSA values in the low, but detectable range to successfully predict prostate cancer. Though controversial, this recommendation reinforced the critical need to develop, validate, and determine the utility of other serum and/or urine transcript and protein markers as diagnostic markers for PCa. The studies described here were intended to determine whether inflammatory cytokines might augment serum PSA as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer.METHODSMultiplex ELISA assays were performed to quantify CCL1, CCL2, CCL5, CCL8, CCL11, CCL17, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL12, and IL‐6 protein levels in the serum of 272 men demonstrating serum PSA values of <10 ng/ml and undergoing a 12 core diagnostic needle biopsy for detection of prostate cancer. Logistic regression was used to identify the associations between specific chemokines and prostate cancer status adjusted for prostate volume, and baseline PSA.RESULTSSerum levels for CCL1 (I‐309) were significantly elevated among all men with enlarged prostates (P < 0.04). Serum levels for CCL11 (Eotaxin‐1) were significantly elevated among men with prostate cancer regardless of prostate size (P < 0.01). The remaining 10 cytokines examined in this study did not exhibit significant correlations with either prostate volume or cancer status.CONCLUSIONSSerum CCL11 values may provide a useful diagnostic tool to help distinguish between prostatic enlargement and prostate cancer among men demonstrating low, but detectable, serum PSA values. Prostate 73: 573–581, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence for family engagement in scientific reasoning at interactive animal exhibits
Authors: Kisiel James , Rowe Shawn , Vartabedian Melanie Ani , Kopczak Charles 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWhile the opportunity to engage in scientific reasoning has been identified as an important aspect of informal science learning (National Research Council, 2009), most studies have examined this strand of science learning within the context of physics‒based science exhibits. Few have examined the presence of such activity in conjunction with live animal exhibits at zoos and aquariums. A video study of 41 families at four touch‒tank exhibits, where visitors can observe and interact with live marine species, revealed that families engaged in making claims, challenging claims, and confirming claims as well as other actions associated with scientific reasoning such as applying prior knowledge, making and testing predictions and hypotheses, and constructing arguments. We provide examples of scientific reasoning and examine the role of claims in promoting scientific reasoning. Implications for rethinking learning opportunities and interpretational approaches at touch tanks, as well as examination of the unique characteristics of these and similar exhibits, are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96: 1047–1070, 2012
Land and the food–fuel competition: insights from modeling
Authors: Prieler Sylvia , Fischer Günther , van Velthuizen Harrij 
Published: October 2012

Ecological–economic model simulations of the world food system have been used to study the impacts of historic and future liquid transport biofuel expansion on agricultural markets and the environment. Almost half of global cropland increase between 2000 and 2008 (about 8 Mha or 0.5% of global cropland) can be attributed to biofuel expansion alone. The central ‘New Policies Scenario’ of the World Energy Outlook 2011 projects an increase of conventional crop‐based biofuel use from 60 Mtoe (2.5 EJ) in 2010 to annually 160 Mtoe (6.7 EJ) in 2035. Until 2020, the projected biofuel consumption provides no or little cumulative net greenhouse gas (GHG) savings as the time period is hardly sufficient to compensate for carbon losses due to over 10 Mha of additional land use conversion. By 2035, cumulative net GHG savings improve up to 2.8 Pg CO2 equivalent in a scenario with assumed higher agricultural productivity growth in developing countries. This scenario increases the developing region's competitive positions and avoids additional people at risk of hunger due to higher commodity prices caused by biofuel use. Available underutilized grassland and woodland may provide land resources suitable for nonfood energy crop production required for the second‐generation biofuel conversion pathways, while causing only limited impacts on food security and biodiversity. We estimate between 246 and 475 Mha of global grassland and woodland to be agronomically suitable for industrial‐scale lignocellulosic energy crop production, with achievable rain‐fed yields of at least 10 tons of dry matter per hectare, with good accessibility and relatively low ruminant livestock density.This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Economics and Policy
Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
Economic value of mitigation of plant invaders in a subsistence economy: incorporating labour as a mode of payment
Authors: Rai Rajesh Kumar , Scarborough Helen 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper presents the analysis of a choice experiment designed to estimate willingness-to-pay (WTP) to mitigate damages caused by invasive plant species in a rural community of Nepal. In order to address the cash constraints problem in a subsistence economy, two payment attributes, labour contribution and membership fee, were included in the choice sets. The results reveal that rural farmers have significant WTP for forest management activities, in terms of both cash and labour contributions. The results also suggest that rural farmers value their time in this context at a different rate from the current wage rate.
Severe Outbreak of Downy Mildew Caused by Plasmopara obducens on Impatiens walleriana in Florida
Authors: Palmateer A. J. , Lopez P. , Seijo T. E. , Peres N. A. R. 
Published: October 2012

Impatiens, Impatiens walleriana Hook.f., are grown as an ornamental crop in greenhouse and shade house production in Florida and other regions of the United States. Downy mildew on impatiens was detected from numerous landscapes (Manatee, Hillsborough, Collier, Hendry, Broward, Palm Beach, and Miami-Dade counties) in the winter of 2012. Incidence reached nearly 100% on many affected landscape plantings. Symptoms initially appeared as yellowing on the lower leaves and were typically vein-delineated, although in some cases the entire leaf was affected. Diseased plants later wilted and infected leaves abscised from the stem. A white, downy growth was apparent on the abaxial leaf surface. Microscopic observation revealed coenocytic mycelium with sporangiophores that were hyaline, thin-walled, and had slightly swollen bases. Branches of sporangiophores were monopodial and formed right angles to the supporting branches. Sporangia were hyaline and obvoid with a single pore on the distal ends that was mostly flat. Sporangia measured 19 to 22.5 × 13 to 17 μm. Oospores were observed in stem and leaf tissue. Leaves of 10 potted impatiens plants, I. walleriana ‘Super Elfin XP Coral’ and ‘Super Elfin XP White,’ were inoculated with a suspension containing 1 × 105 sporangia/ml and sprayed till runoff (approximately 20 ml per plant) with a handheld pressurized Ulva sprayer. Plants were maintained outside in a shade house under 73% shade where the daytime temperatures averaged 24°C and RH averaged 74% and nighttime temperature averaged 18°C with an average of 91% RH. Ten non-inoculated impatiens plants served as controls. After 10 days, symptoms typical of downy mildew occurred on 100% of the inoculated impatiens plants and sporulation was confirmed microscopically. The non-inoculated control plants remained healthy. The 5′ end of the large ribosomal subunit gene (762 bp) from two isolates, one collected in Hillsborough County and one from Miami-Dade County, was amplified by PCR (primers NL1-GCATATCAATAAGCGGAGGAAAAG and NL4-GGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGG) and sequenced bi-directionally (1,2,3). The consensus sequence from both isolates was identical and it was deposited into GenBank (Accession No. JX217746). Sequence data matched (99% homology) with Plasmopara obducens reported on I. walleriana in Europe and Australia (1,2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of downy mildew on I. walleriana in Florida (4). The disease has made a major impact on impatiens in landscapes throughout Florida and will likely continue to affect future production. References: (1) A. Bulajic et. al. Plant Dis. 95:491, 2011. (2) J. H. Cunnington et. al. Plant Pathol. 57:371, 2008. (3) K. O'Donnell. Curr. Genet. 22:213, 1992. (4) D. F. Farr et al. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. The American Phytopathological Society, 1989.
Acute Complications After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery in Patients Aged 70 Years and Older
Authors: Lonergan Timothy , Place Howard , Taylor Patrick 
Published: October 2012

Study Design/Setting:
This report is a retrospective case series that examined the acute complications of patients aged 70 years and older undergoing spinal deformity surgery that required fusion of at least 6 levels.

Objective:
To determine the acute complications that patients in the eighth decade of their life experience after spinal reconstructive surgery, and how these complication rates compare with other patient populations undergoing similar procedures.

Summary of Background Data:
As the mean age of the United States population rises, more older patients with painful spinal deformities can be expected. Although there are similar studies in the literature examining acute complications of patients undergoing major spinal deformity surgery, the complication rates of this unique patient population have not been adequately studied.

Methods:
Twenty patients had complete medical records with at least 6 months of follow-up. All the 20 patients underwent instrumented posterior spinal fusions performed by the same surgeon. Comorbidities, weighted comorbidity index, duration, number of hospital days, estimated blood loss, intensive care unit days, American Society of Anesthesiologist score, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.

Results:
The mean age of our patient cohort was 76.6 years (range, 70–84 y). Patients had an average of 4 comorbidities and an American Society of Anesthesiologist score of 2.7. Although the group of patients had a large number of comorbidities, their weighted comorbidity index, according to Charlson and colleagues, was fairly low at 1.05 (range, 0–4). All of the patients were fused at least 6 levels, with the average being 10.75 (range, 6–15). Ninety-five percent of patients experienced a complication of some type. Nine major complications occurred in 7 patients.

Conclusions:
Spinal deformity surgery in patients at any age has associated risks. These risks are believed to increase with age and the complexity of the procedure. Our results show that, although the risks of major complications are significant, the risk is not greater than in a younger population undergoing the similar procedures. We feel that age alone should not be a contraindication for patients in their eighth decade of life who are incapacitated by their painful spinal deformity.
MASAC Consensus Conference: impediments to conducting clinical research in persons with haemophilia, von Willebrand's disease and rare bleeding disorders
Authors: Koerper M. A. , Frick N. , Kessler C. M. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryA consensus conference conducted by the Medical and Scientific Advisory Council of the National Hemophilia Foundation was held in New Orleans, LA, on November 11, 2010, to discuss the impediments to conducting clinical research in persons with haemophilia, von Willebrand's disease and rare bleeding disorders. The conference combined presentations providing academic, non‐profit and industry perspectives with periods of open discussion. The objective of this conference was to identify the many challenges involved in facilitating U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of innovative products for these patient populations.