bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Management of Uterine Leiomyoma: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kumari S Shantha , Devineni Kiranmai 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Uterine leiomyomas are most common benign tumors that occur in women of reproductive age. They are frequently associated with symptoms that impact on quality of life and require treatment. Treatment was usually surgical with either hysterectomy or myomectomy being performed. Although myomectomy conserves the uterus, it is associated with complications that might not enhance the chance of pregnancy and for those concerned about fertility, alternatives are being developed. Apart from therapeutic modalities like uterine artery embolization, other exciting developments are high intensity focused ultrasound and MRI guided focused ultrasound. New medical treatments are being evaluated—among which the progesterone receptor modulators that induce amenorrhea and a degree of fibroid shrinkage whilst having minimal effect on ovarian function are promising. This article gives a comprehensive overview of medical management of leiomyoma, reviews the literature and suggests further reading.

How to cite this article
Kumari SS, Devineni K. Medical Management of Uterine Leiomyoma: A Comprehensive Review. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(2):71-76.
Successful Term Pregnancy in Post Renal Transplant Patient
Authors: Dharaiya Nisarg , Gaddagi Rashmi A , Vyas Bhumika 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundPregnancy in a post renal transplant patient falls under a unique category which requires teamwork including high-risk obstetricians, transplant physicians and neonatologists.Case ReportWe report a successful term pregnancy in a post renal transplant patient.ConclusionExperience in field of post-transplant pregnancy is through continued case reports which will help us to anticipate the common problems encountered like the dosage of immunosuppressants, fetal monitoring, mode of delivery, role of breastfeeding.How to cite this articleMishra VV, Choudhary S, Dharaiya N, Gaddagi RA, Vyas B. Successful Term Pregnancy in Post Renal Transplant Patient. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(2):89-90.
Sclerotherapy with Ethanol: An Effective and Safe Alternative to Potentially Complex Surgical Treatment of Recurrent Ovarian Endometrioma
Authors: Begum Mosammat Rashida , Ehsan Mariya , Khan Farzana , Ehsan Nazia , Santa Mosammat Shahina Begum , Sharmin Farhana 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transvaginal ultrasound guided aspiration of ovarian endometrioma and ethanol sclerotherapy before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and intrauterine insemination (IUI) or assisted reproductive technology (ART) in patients with recurrent ovarian endometrioma.

Design
Prospective study.

Setting
Infertility Care and Research Center (ICRC Pvt Ltd.), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Materials and methods
Fifty-three patients with infertility and recurrent ovarian endometrioma were the target population of this study. Sclerotherapy was performed under sedation (Pethidine) or G/A (propofol) and transvaginal ultrasound guidance. An 16-guage, double-lumen needle was inserted into the endometrioma and the cyst contents were sequentially aspirated and flushed with sterile saline until the aspirated fluid was clear. Ninety-five percent ethyle alcohol (ethanol) was then instilled into the cyst and kept in situ. Ultrasound was performed 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months later to assess the efficacy of treatment. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and IUI or ART was performed according to patients’ profile and desire.

Main outcome measures
Resolution and recurrence of endometrioma and pregnancy rate.

Results
Thirty-nine patients had unilateral, 14 had bilateral, 36 had single and 17 had more than one cysts. Size of the cysts were 3.5 to 10 cm, average 6.75 ± 1.64 cm. Complete resolution of cyst took place in 42 (79.25%) cases. Eleven patients had persistence and refilling of cyst. Four of them needed reaspiration. No complications developed in any case. Thirty patients (52 cycles) underwent COH and IUI and 5 (16.57%) of them got pregnant. Forty-one patients underwent ART (63 cycles) and 13 (31.71%) got pregnant. Six (11.32) patients developed small cyst <3 cm within 1 year during the course of treatment.

Conclusion
Sclerotherapy with 95% ethanol is a simple, effective and safe alternative to surgical intervention for treatment of recurrent ovarian endometriomas before COH and IUI or ART.

How to cite this article
Begum M R, Ehsan M, Ehsan N, Santa MSB, Khan F, Sharmin F. Sclerotherapy with Ethanol: An Effective and Safe Alternative to Potentially Complex Surgical Treatment of Recurrent Ovarian Endometrioma. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(2):97-101.
Effect of Tuberculosis on Ovarian Reserve of Patients undergoing in vitro Fertilization
Authors: Hans Prabhjot Singh , Swarankar Mohan Lal , Garg Swati , Chowdhary Manisha , Tiwari Karnika 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
To assess ovarian reserve, in infertile women with genital tuberculosis, planning to undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to compare it with infertile women without genital tuberculosis, planning to undergo IVF.

Materials and methods
The study group consisted of 100 women with genital tuberculosis and the control group of 100 women who had no present or past history of tuberculosis. A diagnosis of genital tuberculosis was made based either on the results of tests performed from an endometrial aspiration sample or on histopathologic, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy, or laparoscopy findings. Basal ovarian reserve studies included measuring serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and E2 on day 3 of a natural cycle. On the same day, the participants underwent a transvaginal ultrasound examination by means of a two-dimensional 5.0 MHz probe fitted to a Toshiba Famio 5. Ovarian volume and number of antral follicles were estimated for each ovary on the same day of hormonal assessment. Control participants underwent the same tests on day 2 or 3 of their menstrual cycle. Unpaired or independent t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
The present study highlights that women with genital tuberculosis have poor ovarian reserve in comparison to women of similar age without tuberculosis.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that there is no single absolute method of assessing ovarian reserve, but a combination of methods can closely predict the outcome of IVF cycles in women with genital tuberculosis.

How to cite this article
Hans PS, Swarankar ML, Garg S, Chowdhary M, Tiwari K. Effect of Tuberculosis on Ovarian Reserve of Patients undergoing IVF. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(2):73-83.
Attitudes of Palestinian Dentists toward Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth
Authors: Rabi Tarek H 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Endodontically treated tooth might weaken after procedure. To reinforce it, various methods are employed. This study was carried out to evaluate the attitude of Palestinian dentists toward the restoration of such teeth. Three hundred randomly chosen dentists were given an online questionnaire consisted of 18 questions. Results were deduced by Chi-square test with p-values as supplements. A total of 78.4% respondents believed that there is no need of the post as reinforcement. A total of 55.9% believed that it reinforces the tooth and decrease chances of fracture. Ferrule and prefabricated posts with core build-up were also preferred for restoration.

How to cite this article
Rabi TH. Attitudes of Palestinian Dentists toward Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2015;5(2):44-50
Pilot study of pre-maxilla replacement and bone graft in a patient with lip and palate clefts: transforaminal relationship between upper canines and bone graft
Authors: Carlini João Luis , Del Santo Danielle , Asami Kesia Keiko 
Published: September 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess patients subjected to replacement surgery of the pre maxilla with bone graft, having as donor area the iliac crest and chin, and the relation with upper canines erupted in grafted areas. Materials and Methods: 54 records were evaluated from cleft patients that were under treatment at CAIF - Center of Attention to Clefts in Curitiba, PR, Brazil, both sexes, with unilateral and bilateral lip and palate clefts. Patients younger than fourteen years old, both sexes, that lost the surgical segment or did not continue the treatment at same welcoming institution, were excluded. The surgical segment average was 5.72 years. Results: Using both descriptive and chi-square statistics, we observed a statistically significant distinction regarding the eruption of upper canines in the region of secondary bone grafts when using iliac crest and chin grafts, which 62.8% of the sample that was treated with chin grafts happened to have an eruption of upper canines, and 37.2% were successful with iliac crest grafts (value-p 0.028). Conclusions: It is necessary to carry out a study with a larger sample size and where the samples are paired in order to confirm the superiority the iliac crest donor area as the gold standard for this surgical procedure.
INCAPACIDADES FÍSICAS EM HANSENÍASE: CARACTERIZAÇÃO, FATORES RELACIONADOS E EVOLUÇÃO
Authors: Ribeiro Gabriela de Cássia , Félix Lana Francisco Carlos 
Published: September 2015

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar os casos novos de hanseníase; analisar os aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos, clínico-epidemiológicos e de acesso ao diagnóstico e tratamento relacionados à ocorrência de hanseníase com incapacidades físicas; e a evolução das incapacidades durante o tratamento. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de coorte retrospectiva na região de saúde de Diamantina-MG. Foram analisadas 107 notificações de hanseníase entre 2005 a 2010 e 71 entrevistas. A maioria dos diagnósticos foram multibacilares (73,2%) e com incapacidade física (79,1%). Houve relação estatística entre o desenvolvimento de deformidades físicas e os acometidos pela hanseníase com menor nível de escolaridade, com maior comprometimento neural e commaior dificuldade de deslocamento até a unidade de saúde, além de manutenção do grau de incapacidade física. Existe uma reduzida capacidade operacional da Estratégia de Saúde da Família quanto às Ações de Controle daHanseníase e necessidade de implementação da política de acordo com o Sistema Único de Saúde.
Present spatial changes of time and duration of spring flooding in the Prypiat River catchment (Ukrainian part)
Authors: Vasylenko Evgenia 
Published: September 2015

The research of changes of the maximum river runoff under the influence of climate change is one of the most urgent tasks of Ukrainian hydrologists. In this regard, spatial change research of the time and duration of spring flooding in the present climate conditions in the Ukrainian part of the Prypiat River catchment has been done. The dates of the spring flood beginning and end, the dates of maximum water discharges and the spring flood duration in the rivers of the Ukrainian part of the Prypiat River catchment have been analysed. Changes of the above-mentioned characteristics have been detected after 1989 in the researched catchment territory. The maps of changes of the dates of maximum spring water discharges, dates of the beginning and end of the spring flood and its duration in the Prypiat River catchment (Ukrainian part) compared to the first rated period (up to 1989) have been constructed.
Graph Orientations Optimizing the Number of Light or Heavy Vertices
Authors: Asahiro Yuichi , Jansson Jesper , Miyano Eiji , Ono Hirotaka 
Published: September 2015

This paper introduces four graph orientation problems named MAXIMIZE W-LIGHT, MINIMIZE W-LIGHT, MAXIMIZE W-HEAVY, and MINIMIZE W-HEAVY, where W can be any fixed non-negative integer. In each problem, the input is an undirected, unweighted graph G and the objective is to assign a direction to every edge in G so that the number of vertices with outdegree at most W or at least W in the resulting directed graph is maximized or minimized. A number of results on the computational complexity and polynomial-time approximability of these problems for different values of W and various special classes of graphs are derived. In particular, it is shown that MAXIMIZE 0-LIGHT and MINIMIZE 1-HEAVY are identical to MAXIMUM INDEPENDENT SET and MINIMUM VERTEX COVER, respectively, so by allowing the value of W to vary, we obtain a new generalization of the two latter problems.
Lack of awareness of treatment failure among HIV‐1‐infected patients in Guinea‐Bissau – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jespersen Sanne , Hønge Bo Langhoff , Medina Candida , da Silva Té David , Correira Faustino Gomes , Laursen Alex Lund , Erikstrup Christian , Østergaard Lars , Wejse Christian ,   for the Bissau HIV Cohort study group
Published: September 2015

IntroductionWith more people receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), the need to detect treatment failure and switch to second‐line ART has also increased. We assessed CD4 cell counts (as a marker of treatment failure), determined the rate of switching to second‐line treatment and evaluated mortality related to treatment failure among HIV‐infected patients in Guinea‐Bissau.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, adult patients infected with HIV‐1 receiving ≥6 months of ART at an HIV clinic in Bissau were included from June 2005 to July 2014 and followed until January 2015. Treatment failure was defined as 1) a fall in CD4 count to baseline (or below) or 2) CD4 levels persistently below 100 cells/µL after ≥6 months of ART. Cox hazard models, with time since six months of ART as the time‐varying coefficient, were used to estimate the hazard ratio for death and loss to follow‐up.ResultsWe assessed 1,591 HIV‐1‐infected patients for immunological treatment failure. Treatment failure could not be determined in 594 patients (37.3%) because of missing CD4 cell counts. Among the remaining 997 patients, 393 (39.4%) experienced failure. Only 39 patients (9.9%) with failure were switched from first‐ to second‐line ART. The overall switching rate was 3.1 per 100 person‐years. Mortality rate was higher in patients with than without treatment failure, with adjusted hazard rate ratios (HRRs) 10.0 (95% CI: 0.9–107.8), 7.6 (95% CI: 1.6–35.5) and 3.1 (95% CI: 1.5–6.3) in the first, second and following years, respectively. During the first year of follow‐up, patients experiencing treatment failure had a higher risk of being lost to follow‐up than patients not experiencing treatment failure (adjusted HRR 4.4; 95% CI: 1.7–11.8).ConclusionsWe found a high rate of treatment failure, an alarmingly high number of patients for whom treatment failure could not be assessed, and a low rate of switching to a second‐line therapy. These factors could lead to an increased risk of resistance development and excess mortality.
Stress, sense of coherence and quality of life among Norwegian nurse students after a period of clinical practice
Authors: Kleiveland Benedicte , Natvig Gerd Karin , Jepsen Randi 
Published: September 2015

Background.Previous research has found that sense of coherence is significantly related to aspects of health, but studies on nurse students with a salutogenic approach are limited.Objectives.To investigate (1) if nurse students’ experience of stress differs among clinical practice in nursing homes and medical/surgical wards. (2) Whether sense of coherence and stress are associated with quality of life. (3) If sense of coherence acts as a moderator in the relationship between stress and quality of life.Participants.Data were collected from 227 nurse students between January and April 2014.Methods.Questionnaires measuring stress, sense of coherence and quality of life were completed after a period of clinical practice. Linear regression analyses were used to measure associations between stress, and sense of coherence respectively, and quality of life.Results.The results showed that 33.92% of the students experienced moderate or high levels of stress, and there was significantly more stress in hospital wards compared to nursing homes (p= 0.027). Sense of coherence was positively associated with quality of life in the simple and multiple regression analyses (p< 0.01). Stress was negatively associated with quality of life in the simple regression analysis (p< 0.01), but not in the multiple analyses when sense of coherence was included. However, when we included an interaction term, stress was no longer associated with quality of life and sense of coherence appeared to be a significant moderator in the relationship between stress and quality of life (p= 0.015). Thus, a negative association was seen among students with the lowest levels of sense of coherence.Conclusion.These findings suggest that sense of coherence could be seen as a resource that nurse educators can build upon when supporting students in coping with stress.
Increasing sediment accumulation rates in La Fonera (Palamós) submarine canyon axis and their relationship with bottom trawling activities
Authors: Puig P. , Martín J. , Masqué P. , Palanques A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrevious studies conducted in La Fonera (Palamós) submarine canyon (NW Mediterranean) found that trawling activities along the canyon flanks cause resuspension and transport of sediments toward the canyon axis. 210Pb chronology supported by 137Cs dating applied to a sediment core collected at 1750 m in 2002 suggested a doubling of the sediment accumulation rate since the 1970s, coincident with the rapid industrialization of the local trawling fleet. The same canyon area has been revisited a decade later, and new data are consistent with a sedimentary regime shift during the 1970s and also suggest that the accumulation rate during the last decade could be greater than expected, approaching ~2.4 cm yr−1 (compared to ~0.25 cm yr−1 pre‐1970s). These results support the hypothesis that commercial bottom trawling can substantially affect sediment dynamics and budgets on continental margins, eventually initiating the formation of anthropogenic depocenters in submarine canyon environments.
Theory and observations of upward field‐aligned currents at the magnetopause boundary layer
Authors: Wing Simon , Johnson Jay R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe dependence of the upward field‐aligned current density (J||) at the dayside magnetopause boundary layer is well described by a simple analytic model based on a velocity shear generator. A previous observational survey confirmed that the scaling properties predicted by the analytical model are applicable between 11 and 17 MLT. We utilize the analytic model to predict field‐aligned currents using solar wind and ionospheric parameters and compare with direct observations. The calculated and observed parallel currents are in excellent agreement, suggesting that the model may be useful to infer boundary layer structures. However, near noon, where velocity shear is small, the kinetic pressure gradients and thermal currents, which are not included in the model, could make a small but significant contribution to J||. Excluding data from noon, our least squares fit returns log(J||,max_cal) = (0.96 ± 0.04) log(J||_obs) + (0.03 ± 0.01) where J||,max_cal = calculated J||,max and J||_obs = observed J||.
Virtual array beamforming of GPS TEC observations of coseismic ionospheric disturbances near the Geomagnetic South Pole triggered by teleseismic megathrusts
Authors: Gómez Demián , Smalley Robert , Langston Charles A. , Wilson Terry J. , Bevis Michael , Dalziel Ian W. D. , Kendrick Eric C. , Konfal Stephanie A. , Willis Michael J. , Piñón Diego A. , Cimbaro Sergio R. , Caccamise Dana 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe identified coseismic ionospheric disturbances (CID) in Antarctica generated by the 2010 Maule and the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquakes analyzing total electron content (TEC) data with a modified beamforming technique. Beamforming in Antarctica, however, is not straightforward due to the effects of array deformation and atmospheric neutral wave‐ionospheric plasma coupling. We take these effects into account and present a method to invert for the seismically generated acoustic wave using TEC observations. The back azimuths, speeds, and waveforms obtained by the beamform are in excellent agreement with the hypothesis that the TEC signals are generated by the passage of Rayleigh waves from the Maule and Tohoku‐Oki earthquakes. The Tohoku‐Oki earthquake is ~12,500 km from Antarctica, making this the farthest observation of CIDs to date using GPS.
Wavelet‐based time‐dependent travel time tomography method and its application in imaging the Etna volcano in Italy
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Haijiang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIt has been a challenge to image velocity changes in real time by seismic travel time tomography. If more seismic events are included in the tomographic system, the inverted velocity models do not have necessary time resolution to resolve velocity changes. But if fewer events are used for real‐time tomography, the system is less stable and the inverted model may contain some artifacts, and thus, resolved velocity changes may not be real. To mitigate these issues, we propose a wavelet‐based time‐dependent double‐difference (DD) tomography method. The new method combines the multiscale property of wavelet representation and the fast converging property of the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique to solve the velocity models at multiple scales for sequential time segments. We first test the new method using synthetic data constructed using real event and station distribution for Mount Etna volcano in Italy. Then we show its effectiveness to determine velocity changes for the 2001 and 2002 eruptions of Mount Etna volcano. Compared to standard DD tomography that uses seismic events from a longer time period, wavelet‐based time‐dependent tomography better resolves velocity changes that may be caused by fracture closure and opening as well as fluid migration before and after volcano eruptions.
Mapping the mechanical properties of rocks using automated microindentation tests
Authors: Masson Yder , Pride Steven R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA microindentation scanner is constructed that measures the spatial fluctuation in the elastic properties of natural rocks. This novel instrument performs automated indentation tests on the surface of a rock slab and outputs 2‐D maps of the indentation modulus at submillimeter resolution. Maps obtained for clean, well‐consolidated, sandstone are presented and demonstrate the capabilities of the instrument. We observe that the elastic structure of sandstones correlates well with their visual appearance. Further, we show that the probability distribution of the indentation modulus fluctuations across the slab surfaces can be modeled using a lognormal probability density function. To illustrate possible use of the data obtained with the microindentation scanner, we use roughly 10 cm × 10 cm scans with millimeter resolution over four sandstone planar slabs to numerically compute the overall drained elastic moduli for each sandstone sample. We show that such numerically computed moduli are well modeled using the multicomponent form of the Hashin‐Shtrikman lower bound that employs the observed lognormal probability distribution for the mesoscopic‐scale moduli (the geometric mean works almost the same). We also compute the seismic attenuation versus frequency associated with wave‐induced fluid flow between the heterogeneities in the scanned sandstones and observe relatively small values for the inverse quality factor (Q−1<10−2) in the seismic frequency band 102 Hz <f < 104 Hz. The numerically computed frequency dependence in the attenuation varies from one type of sandstone to another, and we observe significant anisotropy in the attenuation associated with waves propagating in different directions.