bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XVII.—On the Weight of Aqueous Vapour which is condensed on a Cold Surface, under given conditions
Authors: Dalmahoy James 
Published: January 2013

In the accompanying tables are contained the results of some experiments respecting the rate at which aqueous vapour condenses on a cold surface.These results are not so consistent as could be desired, but having been obtained by a definite and carefully-conducted process, they may claim at least to be received as approximately true.In planning the experiments, it was assumed that c = m (f“ − f“ʹ), where c is the weight of moisture which is condensed on a surface of given area in a given time; f“ the tension of vapour at the dew-point; f“ʹ its tension at the temperature of the condensing surface; m a coefficient varying with the velocity of the current of air.
I.—On some Type Specimens of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera in the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art
Authors: Grimshaw Percy Hall 
Published: January 2013

In the year 1819 the University of Edinburgh acquired by purchase a large zoological collection from M. Dufresne, of Paris, including a cabinet containing upwards of 12,000 specimens of insects. Some years later (in 1855), when the whole of the University collections were formally transferred to the Science and Art Department, the Dufresne cabinet became public property.While consulting lately the volume by Godart devoted to the article “Papilio” in the famous Encyclopédie Méthodique, I was surprised to see a reference to the “Dufresne cabinet” in one of the descriptions of new species, and it immediately occurred to me that the specimen in our possession must be the actual “type” of the species, which discovery led me to search carefully through the whole of the volumes devoted to insects in this well-known work, with a view to finding as many types as possible. At the same time, I thought it possible that Olivier, who wrote his great Histoire Naturelle des Insectes—Coléoptères about the same time, might also mention some of Dufresne's specimens, and this I found to be as I had anticipated.
XXVII.—On the Effect of Temperature on the taking of Salmon with Rod and Fly in the River Spey at Gordon Castle in the Autumus of 1898, 1899, 1900, and 1901
Authors: Muirhead George 
Published: January 2013

The Duke of Richmond and Gordon's salmon fishings on the Spey extend on both sides of the river from the Boat o' Brig, where the Highland Railway crosses the stream between Keith and Elgin, to the sea, a distance of about nine miles.The river here varies in breadth from 50 to 140 yards, and in depth from 2 feet, where the stream is broad, to about 10 or 12 in some of the pools. Its course is rapid, the fall being about 16 feet to the mile, and its volume is quickly increased when there is much rain, or when snow melts in the Monadhliadh and Grampian Mountains.There are many excellent pools for salmon fishing with the rod on the Gordon Castle water, and in them large numbers of fish are usually taken with the fly every year during the month of September and the first half of October.
XXIX.—On the Applications of Quaternions in the Theory of Differential Equations
Authors: Maclagan-Wedderburn J. H. 
Published: January 2013

The object of this paper is twofold: in the first place, to classify and sytematise vector differential equations; and in the second place, to show the applicability of quaternions to the theory of differential equations. So far as I am aware, the only paper of importance on the subject is one by Tait. He, however, deals only with simple cases.In the classification of forms I have followed in general the treatment adopted by Forsyth. Reference will also occasionally be made to Jordan. In what follows the order of the highest occurring differential coefficient will be called the rank of the equation; while the order of the equation will be used, as usual, to denote the order of the equivalent normal system.
VIII.—On the Comparative Histology and Physiology of the Spleen
Authors: Whiting A. J. 
Published: January 2013

The following general description of the capsule, trabeculæ, and sheaths of the splenic vessels is based on the examination of the spleen of the Kitten.The Tunica serosa consists of a single layer of somewhat thick endothelial cells, which is continuous with the peritoneal lining of the body cavity, and in addition of a thin layer of very finely fibrillated connective tissue that lies immediately subjacent to the endothelial layer.The Tunica propria differs from a true capsule in that it blends along its whole under surface with the splenic parenchyma, from which it cannot be detached without tearing the splenic substance.
XX.—On the Connection between Chemical Constitution and Physiological Action. Part II.—On the Physiological Action of the Ammonium Bases derived from Atropia and Conia
Authors: Brown A. Crum , Fraser Thomas R. 
Published: January 2013

Atropia is a nitrile base, obtained from Atropa Belladonna. All we know of its constitution is, that by the action of strong acids and bases it is decomposed, in accordance with the equation—So that atropia may be considered as tropia, in which one atom of hydrogen has been replaced by tropyl, the radical of tropic acid.Atropia has a somewhat complicated physiological action, for it directly influences the functions of the cerebro-spinal and sympathetic nervous systems. The principal effects produced by it on the former system are paralysis of the sensory and motor nerves, and excitation of the spinal cord. By its action on the sympathetic nerves, it influences the contraction of the unstriped muscles; but as the mechanism of this action is by no means exactly defined, we shall merely allude to it in our comparison of the actions of the methyl and ethyl derivatives, with those of the alkaloid itself. In addition to these general actions, atropia influences, in a special manner, the functions of the vagi nerves and of the iris, suspending the cardiac inhibitory power of the former, and producing contraction of the latter.
VIII.—On Impact
Authors: Tait  
Published: January 2013

The present inquiry is closely connected with some of the phenomena presented in golf:—especially the fact that a ball can be “jerked” nearly as far as it can be “driven.” For this, in itself, furnishes a complete proof that the duration of the impact is exceedingly short. But it does not appear that any accurate determination of the duration can be made in this way. Measurements, even of a rude kind, are impracticable under the circumstances.In 1887 I made a number of preliminary experiments with the view of devising a form of apparatus which should trace a permanent record of the circumstances of impact. I found that it was necessary that one of the two impinging bodies should be fixed:—at least if the apparatus were to be at once simple and manageable. This arrangement gives, of course, a result not directly comparable with the behaviour of a golf-ball. For pressure is applied to one side only, both of ball and of club; but when one of two impinging bodies is fixed it is virtually struck simultaneously on both sides.
XII.—Petrology and Petrogenesis of some Garnetiferous Peridotites
Authors: O'Hara M. J. , Stewart F. H. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisGarnetiferous peridotite masses which occur among gneisses in the Tafjord district of Norway are cold intrusions emplaced as crystalline rocks late in the metamorphic history of the region. No relationship other than similarity of mineral facies can be established between the peridotites and the eclogite bodies in the surrounding gneiss. Chemical analyses of twelve olivines, fourteen orthopyroxenes, nine chrome diopsides, nine garnets, three amphiboles and two rocks are presented, representing material from the Tafjord and Almklovdalen districts of Norway, a garnetiferous peridotite mass near Bellinzona, Switzerland, and the garnet-peridotite inclusions in the kimberlite pipes of South Africa. Optical and X-ray data for the analyzed and some unanalyzed assemblages are also presented. The mineral assemblages of these rocks are compared with each other, and with data from the peridotites of layered tholeiitic intrusions, alpine-type peridotites and the peridotite nodules in basalts. The garnet-peridotites of Norway, Switzerland and South Africa are believed to be little altered fragments of the mantle, whereas the peridotite nodules in basalts and the alpine-type peridotites are believed to be of igneous origin. Examination of the distribution of cations between the coexisting phases suggests that there are too many variables to permit a reliable interpretation of the results.The orthopyroxenes from the garnetiferous peridotites are not rich in A1203, contrary to expectations based upon recent experimental work.
II. On the Poisonous Fishes of the Caribbee Islands
Authors: Ferguson William 
Published: January 2013

The subject of poisonous fish has long been a source of puzzle and speculation to the inhabitants of the West Indies. Much has been conjectured upon it, and numerous tests and theories been proposed, which have had for a time their believers and advocates; but all have been found to be equally baseless. The author of this paper, by a narrative of what he has himself seen and observed on the subject, proposes rather to shew to the Society what it is not, than what it actually is, and thereby to clear the way for the future successful investigation of this curious and interesting phenomenon, by dissipating many erroneous notions that stand in the way of the discovery of truth.Throughout the greater part of the West Indies, the accident of meeting a poisonous fish is a rare and extraordinary occurrence. At Barbadoes, for instance, it happens so seldom, that the majority of even the best informed inhabitants can scarcely be made to believe, that it has ever taken place amongst them.
Visual recovery of desert pavement surfaces following impacts from vehicle and foot traffic in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica
Authors: O'Neill Tanya A. , Balks Megan R. , López-Martínez Jerónimo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSites of past human activity were investigated to assess the visual recovery of the desert pavement following impacts from human trampling and vehicle traffic. Visually disturbed and nearby control sites were assessed using comparative photographic records, a field-based Visual Site Assessment, and Desert Pavement Recovery Assessment. Sites included: vehicle and walking tracks at Marble Point and Taylor Valley; a campsite, experimental treading trial site, and vehicle tracks in Wright Valley; and vehicle and walking tracks at Cape Roberts. The time since last disturbance ranged from three months to over 50 years. This investigation also attempted to determine what has the greatest lasting visual impact on soil surfaces in the Ross Sea region: dispersed trafficking or track formation? Walking tracks remained visible in the landscape (due to larger clasts concentrating along track margins) long after the desert pavement surface had recovered. However, randomly dispersed footprints were undetectable within five years. For many sites, allowing widespread trampling will give lower medium-term visible impact than concentrating traffic flow by track formation. For steep slopes and sites where repeated visits occur, use of a single track is recommended. Some 1950s vehicle tracks remain visible in the Antarctic landscape, but where visually obvious impacts were remediated, evidence of former occupation was almost undetectable.
Breadth of Emergency Medical Training in Pakistan
Authors: Lin Janet Y. , Ahmed Saroosh , Brander Caroline 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionEmergency medical care in Pakistan has not been a priority of medical education and training because of the country's need to address its lack of primary care. Resources and trained personnel are scarce. Despite these challenges, the value of emergency medical care is gaining attention. The objective of this study was to explore the breadth of Emergency Medicine training in Pakistan through an analysis of an Emergency Medicine residency in a teaching hospital. The Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi is a teaching institution with the only Emergency Medicine residency program in the region. It was started in 2000, led by US-trained physicians, and it laid the foundation for Emergency Medicine in the country.MethodsThe study was conducted over a four-week period in January of 2009. Data collection consisted of three components: (1) a survey of the Emergency Department and hospital services; (2) a survey of the Emergency Medicine training curriculum; and (3) a retrospective chart review of every tenth patient seen in the Aga Khan Emergency Department from December 1-14, 2008.ResultsThe training program is similar to that of the US models. Of the 153 patients selected for the chart review, the majority presented with GI complaints. Of these, 51 (33%) were admitted to the hospital; 20% (n = 15) left against medical advice; the remaining 57% (n = 87) were discharged.Discussion/ConclusionThe hospital admitted patients with complaints that were expected in the region. Although Aga Khan University Hospital is a pioneer in establishing Emergency Medicine as an official medical discipline in the region, the hospital's obstetrics and gynecology, trauma, toxicology and prehospital services training do not meet current curriculum standards set forth by the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine and the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors. Nevertheless, the review provides a snapshot of the development of Emergency Medical Services in a developing nation. This information may assist other nations that are interested in developing such programs.LinJY, AhmedS, BranderC. Breadth of emergency medical training in Pakistan. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(2):1-5.
Better Understanding of SN Ia from Near Infrared Observations
Authors: Kirshner Robert P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractType Ia supernovae (SN Ia) are explosions of white dwarfs whose distances can be measured to a precision of ~5% using luminosity information that is encoded in the light curve shape. This property has been very successfully exploited to measure the history of cosmic expansion and to infer the presence of dark energy. But to learn the properties of dark energy and determine whether it is different from the cosmological constant demands higher precision and better accuracy than optical light curves alone can provide. The largest systematic uncertainties come from light curve fitters, photometric calibration errors, and from poor knowledge of the scattering properties of dust along the line of sight. Efforts to use SN Ia spectra as luminosity indicators have had some success, but have not produced a big step forward. Fortunately, observations of SN Ia in the near infrared (NIR), from 1 to 2 microns, offer a very promising path to better knowledge of the Hubble constant, improved constraints on dark energy, and, possibly, a route to discriminating the progenitor paths for SN Ia explosions.
Studying the Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae via Lensing with the Kepler Survey
Authors: Di Stefano Rosanne 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEvery model for the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) requires that binaries pass through an epoch during which a white dwarf (WD) orbits a non-degenerate star. Depending on the mass of the WD, the radius of its companion, and the orbital separation, the WD may lens its companion. The lensing event would be an antitransit, an increase in light from the companion that can rise to the level of a percent or more, during an interval of hours. Antitransits are periodic. By studying them we can determine the properties of both the WD and its companion, as well as the characteristics of the orbit. Lensing events of this type are almost certain to be observed by the Kepler mission, while some can even be detected by ground-based surveys. Antitransits and transits will both provide valuable insight into the end states of common envelope evolution and of stable mass transfer, resolving issues that must be understood before we can fully unravel the progenitor puzzle.
The Post-Nova Population
Authors: Schmidtobreick Linda , Tappert Claus , Ederoclite Alessandro , Vogt Nikolaus 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe present our on-going project to unveil the post-nova population by re-discovering old novae that have been lost after the initial outburst and in which the binary itself is unobserved. We take UBVR photometry for candidate selection, long-slit spectroscopy to confirm these candidates, and time-resolved spectroscopy to measure the orbital period of the newly confirmed post-novae. Some preliminary results are shown as examples.
The Helium Abundance in the Ejecta of U Scorpii
Authors: Maxwell M. P. , Rushton M. T. , Darnley M. J. , Worters H. L. , Bode M. F. , Evans A. , Eyres S. P. S. , Kouwenhoven M. B. N. , Walter F. M. , Hassall B. J. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractU Scorpii was observed in outburst for the tenth time in January 2010. We obtained optical and near-infrared spectroscopy from which we derive a helium abundance of N(He)/N(H) = 0.056±0.020 from the most reliable lines available; this is lower than most other estimates and indicates that the secondary is not helium-rich, as previous studies have suggested. Velocities are found to be up to 14,000 km s−1 in broad components and up to 1,800 km s−1 in narrow line components. The reddening of U Sco is found to be E(B-V) = 0.14 ± 0.12.
He-accreting WDs as SNe Ia Progenitors
Authors: Piersanti Luciano , Tornambé Amedeo , Yungelson Lev , Straniero Oscar 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe investigate the thermal response of CO WDs accreting He-rich matter directly from their companions in binary systems. Our results suggest that the He-channel cannot provide progenitors for the majority of “normal” SNe Ia.
A Search for Type Ia Supernova Progenitors: the Central Stars of the Planetary Nebulae NGC 2392 and NGC 6026
Authors: Danehkar A. , Frew D. J. , De Marco O. , Parker Q. A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe use photoionization modeling to assess the binary nature of the central stars of NGC 2392 and NGC 6026. If they are close binaries, they are potential Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) progenitors if the total mass exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit. We show that the nucleus of NGC 2392 likely has a hot, massive (≃1 M⊙) white dwarf companion, and a total mass of ~1.6 M⊙, making it an especially interesting system. The binary mass in NGC 6026 is less, ~1.1 M⊙. Even though its orbital period is short, it is not considered to be an SNe~Ia progenitor.
Galactic Chemical Evolution in the Context of the Recently Revealed SNe Ia Delay Time Distribution
Authors: Tsujimoto Takuji 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Galaxy is composed of four distinct structures, i.e., halo, bulge, and thick and thin disks, that are formed and evolved on different timescales; thus accordingly the speeds of chemical enrichment are different from one another, which is imprinted in individual stellar abundances. To decipher them, precise knowledge of the timing of the release of nucleosynthesis materials from various production sites is critical. The delay time distribution (DTD) of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), recently revealed by the SNe Ia surveys of external galaxies, is incorporated into the models of chemical evolution for each structure. Here we report that the observed chemical properties for the thin and thick disks are compatible with a new SNe Ia DTD, and suggests a close chemical connection between the two in the way that the thin disk is formed from gas left after thick disk formation. This nicely explains the lack of thin disk stars with [Fe/H] ≲ −0.8. In this new context, a top-heavy IMF for the bulge is firmly confirmed. Finally we discuss the possibility of some modification of the DTD that might be considered for the halo case.
The serine/threonine phosphatase PPM1B (PP2Cβ) selectively modulates PPARγ activity
Authors: Tasdelen Ismayil , van Beekum Olivier , Gorbenko Olena , Fleskens Veerle , van den Broek Niels J. F. , Koppen Arjen , Hamers Nicole , Berger Ruud , Coffer Paul J. , Brenkman Arjan B. , Kalkhoven Eric 
Published: January 2013

Reversible phosphorylation is a widespread molecular mechanism to regulate the function of cellular proteins, including transcription factors. Phosphorylation of the nuclear receptor PPARγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ) at two conserved serine residue (Ser112 and Ser273) results in an altered transcriptional activity of this transcription factor. So far, only a very limited number of cellular enzymatic activities has been described which can dephosphorylate nuclear receptors. In the present study we used immunoprecipitation assays coupled to tandem MS analysis to identify novel PPARγ-regulating proteins. We identified the serine/threonine phosphatase PPM1B [PP (protein phosphatase), Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1B; also known as PP2Cβ] as a novel PPARγ-interacting protein. Endogenous PPM1B protein is localized in the nucleus of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes where it can bind to PPARγ. Furthermore we show that PPM1B can directly dephosphorylate PPARγ, both in intact cells and in vitro. In addition PPM1B increases PPARγ-mediated transcription via dephosphorylation of Ser112. Finally, we show that knockdown of PPM1B in 3T3-L1 adipocytes blunts the expression of some PPARγ target genes while leaving others unaltered. These findings qualify the phosphatase PPM1B as a novel selective modulator of PPARγ activity.
Identification of novel candidate phosphatidic acid-binding proteins involved in the salt-stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana roots
Authors: McLoughlin Fionn , Arisz Steven A. , Dekker Henk L. , Kramer Gertjan , de Koster Chris G. , Haring Michel A. , Munnik Teun , Testerink Christa 
Published: January 2013

PA (phosphatidic acid) is a lipid second messenger involved in an array of processes occurring during a plant's life cycle. These include development, metabolism, and both biotic and abiotic stress responses. PA levels increase in response to salt, but little is known about its function in the earliest responses to salt stress. In the present study we have combined an approach to isolate peripheral membrane proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana roots with lipid-affinity purification, to identify putative proteins that interact with PA and are recruited to the membrane in response to salt stress. Of the 42 putative PA-binding proteins identified by MS, a set of eight new candidate PA-binding proteins accumulated at the membrane fraction after 7 min of salt stress. Among these were CHC (clathrin heavy chain) isoforms, ANTH (AP180 N-terminal homology) domain clathrin-assembly proteins, a putative regulator of potassium transport, two ribosomal proteins, GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and a PI (phosphatidylinositol) 4-kinase. PA binding and salt-induced membrane recruitment of GAPDH and CHC were confirmed by Western blot analysis of the cellular fractions. In conclusion, the approach of the present study is an effective way to isolate biologically relevant lipid-binding proteins and provides new leads in the study of PA-mediated salt-stress responses in roots.
Compact X‐band CMOS bidirectional gain amplifier without T/R switches
Authors: Cho Moon‐Kyu , Baek Donghyun , Kim Jeong‐Geun 
Published: January 2013

Presented is a compact X‐band bidirectional gain amplifier in 0.18 μm CMOS, which eliminates two T/R switches in the conventional one. The gain of >14 dB and the in/output return losses of >8 dB are achieved at 8–14 GHz. The measured output P1dB is ~1 dBm at 10 GHz. The chip size is 0.62 × 0.60 mm2, which is compact due to the removal of two T/R switches for the bidirectional operation. The DC power consumption is 54 mW at 1.8 V supply voltage. Nearly identical performance is achieved in the forward and reverse operations at X‐band. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an X‐band CMOS bidirectional gain amplifier with the smallest size.