bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model of viscoelastic ice-shelf flexure
Authors: MacAyeal Douglas R. , Sergienko Olga V. , Banwell Alison F. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe develop a formal thin-plate treatment of the viscoelastic flexure of floating ice shelves as an initial step in treating various problems relevant to ice-shelf response to sudden changes of surface loads and applied bending moments (e.g. draining supraglacial lakes, iceberg calving, surface and basal crevassing). Our analysis is based on the assumption that total deformation is the sum of elastic and viscous (or power-law creep) deformations (i.e. akin to a Maxwell model of viscoelasticity, having a spring and dashpot in series). The treatment follows the assumptions of well-known thin-plate approximation, but is presented in a manner familiar to glaciologists and with Glen’s flow law. We present an analysis of the viscoelastic evolution of an ice shelf subject to a filling and draining supraglacial lake. This demonstration is motivated by the proposition that flexure in response to the filling/drainage of meltwater features on the Larsen B ice shelf, Antarctica, contributed to the fragmentation process that accompanied its collapse in 2002.
Glacier velocity and water input variability in a maritime environment: Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand
Authors: Kehrl Laura M. , Horgan Huw J. , Anderson Brian M. , Dadic Ruzica , Mackintosh Andrew N. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractShort-term glacier velocity variations typically occur when a water input is accommodated by an increase in the subglacial water pressure. Although these velocity variations have been well documented on many glaciers, few studies have considered them on glaciers where heavy rain and glacier melt occur year-round. This study investigates the relationship between water inputs and glacier velocity on Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand. We installed six GNSS stations across the lower glacier during austral summer 2010/11 and one station during summer 2012/13. Glacier velocity remained elevated at all stations for ∼7 days following large rain events. During diurnal melt events, we find velocity variations in the early afternoon (12:00–16:00) at 600 m a.s.l. and in the late evening (20:00–01:00) at 400 m a.s.l. We hypothesize that the late-evening velocity variations occurred as an upstream region of high subglacial water pressures and accelerated ice motion propagated downstream. This mechanism may also explain the increased longitudinal compression and transverse extension across the lower glacier during speed-up events. Our results indicate that the subglacial drainage system likely decreases in efficiency upstream and that the water input variability can still cause short-term velocity variations despite the large year-round water inputs.
高橋睦郎の世界/The World of Mutsuo Takahashi
Authors: YAMASAKI Kayoko 
Published: August 2015

要旨 本稿は、日本現代詩を代表する詩人高橋睦郎をとりあげ、初期の作品から今日に至るまでの作品について、樹木のモチーフの変化を分析する。父の早世など、過酷な幼児期は、自叙伝的な家庭史と神話を絡ませた円環形式をもつ詩集『姉の島』(1995) に結晶した。だが、2000年以降は、環境破壊、家族崩壊、テロなどの社会問題など、外の世界へと向かっていく。社会的なテーマは、日本の詩歌では歴史が浅いが、逆説的なレトリックによって、高橋睦郎は多義的で抒情的な思想詩を生み出した。東北地方太平洋沖大震災のあった2011年以降の作品は、核エネルギーの問題、情報化時代を背景とした言語の空洞化を主題として新しい展開を見せている。 AbstractThis paper presents the poetry of Mutsuo Takahashi, one of the most important contemporary Japanese poets. We particularly focus on analysing the tree motif in the poems created since the poets’ early stages to the present day. The collection of poetry Sister’s Islands (1995), inspired by the poet’s childhood, full of tragic events such as his father’s premature death and his mother’s abandonment of him, interweaves autobiographical and mythological elements in a ringlike structure. However, after the year 2000 a new creative phase in his work ensued, wherein the poet deals with the problems facing our world such as ecological issues, disintegration of the family, terrorism, etc. The poems created after the great earthquake in Tohoku in 2011 open up new topics such as the ecological catastrophe caused by nuclear energy, loss of the meaning of words in the contemporary era, when information is exchanged at a lightning speed.
Exhibition Review: Regina Mamou “Unfortunately, It Was Paradise” Chicago, IL, City Gallery in the Historic Water Tower October 2013 - January 19, 2014
Authors: Murphy John 
Published: August 2015

Mist shrouds an open field; the softness suffocates. In Fieldwork (Blue) Regina Mamou stages the paradox of immanence and imminence—God always and everywhere on the verge of appearing: a stifling remoteness, an intimate distance. The "field" could be visual, physical, conceptual; The "work" is the visual object, the photograph, or the physical work of agriculture, or the conceptual realm of the divine: God in the godliness of good works, of work accomplished in the service of collective wellbeing.
The Round Table 03 圆桌: A Conversation with Xu Bing
Authors: Eschenburg Madeline , Larson Ellen 
Published: August 2015

The following is an excerpt from a conversation between contemporary Chinese artist Xu Bing, Madeline Eschenburg, and Ellen Larson. Xu Bing curated an exhibition at the Central Academy of Fine Arts titled The Second CAFAM Future Exhibition, Observer-Creator: The Reality Representation of Chinese Young Art, on exhibition through March 2015. Our conversation centered around his thoughts on a new generation of young Chinese artists as well as reflection on his own early career and time in New York. The conversation was conducted in Chinese and has been translated into English.
Detergent Analysis in Protein Samples Using Mid‐Infrared (MIR) Spectroscopy
Authors: Das Chandreyee , Nadler Timothy , Strug Ivona 
Published: August 2015

AbstractQuantitating relative levels of detergent present in protein preparations or samples derived from biological material, such as tissue or body fluids, is important because the presence of detergent may affect downstream analyses as well as protein structure/function. Especially because sample volumes, analysts’ available time, and other resources may be limited, a method that consumes little sample and that is rapid and simple is needed for detergent analysis. It would also be preferable to have a method that is generally applicable across many aliphatic chain‐containing molecules with many different physical properties. In this unit, methods are described for analyzing detergents and proteins in detergent‐protein mixtures using mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. A protocol is also included for efficient removal of unbound detergents from a protein sample accompanied by MIR‐based monitoring of both detergent and protein content. This rapid monitoring of sample preparation during the workflow enables users to make timely decisions about sample preparation strategies that maximize both analyte purity and yield. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The role of forest cover and valley geometry in cold‐air pool evolution
Authors: Kiefer Michael T. , Zhong Shiyuan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study utilizes a version of the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) with a canopy submodel (ARPS‐CANOPY) to evaluate the sensitivity of cold‐air pool evolution to forest canopy density and valley geometry and elucidate the underlying processes. Numerical experiments are conducted with forest canopy structures spanning from bare ground to dense canopies and terrain configurations ranging from small, shallow valleys to broad, deep valleys. In a set of experiments in which forest canopy density is varied, the minimum potential temperature in the cold‐air pool is found to be as much as 15 K warmer with a dense canopy than with no canopy. Analysis of the thermodynamic budget reveals weaker cooling rates in the dense canopy case than the sparse canopy case, with differences in cooling rates persisting through the duration of the simulation. An additional experiment in which cooling of canopy elements and the influence of the canopy on the ground radiation budget are neglected highlights the important role the canopy plays in limiting radiative loss from the ground surface along the sidewall and valley floor. In experiments in which valley geometry is varied, the cold‐air pool is found to be strongest in a medium valley (10 km wide, 187.5 m deep) and weakest in a small valley (2 km wide, 37.5 m deep). Analysis of along‐slope buoyancy suggests that downslope flow‐driven cooling in a medium valley is more efficient than in a large valley (30 km wide, 500 m deep).
Systematic decomposition of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation into balanced and inertio‐gravity components
Authors: Žagar Nedjeljka , Franzke Christian L. E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe present a new method for the three‐dimensional multivariate decomposition of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) into balanced and inertio‐gravity (IG) components. The method analyzes global fields with no filtering involved, and it provides a quantitative comparison between the contribution of the Rossby, Kelvin, and other balanced and IG modes to the MJO circulation and its teleconnections. Results based on the ERA Interim reanalysis data and the multivariate MJO index show that the Rossby mode with the lowest meridional index is the largest contributor to the MJO circulation over the Pacific. A smaller role of the Kelvin mode is diagnosed over the Indian Ocean and the maritime continent. The MJO teleconnections in the polar stratosphere appear associated with the leading balanced vertical modes. The presented method shows new ways of evaluating the MJO structure and its global impacts in weather and climate models.
Mouse Polyomavirus: Propagation, Purification, Quantification, and Storage
Authors: Horníková Lenka , Žíla Vojtěch , Španielová Hana , Forstová Jitka 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMouse polyomavirus (MPyV) is a member of the Polyomaviridae family, which comprises non‐enveloped tumorigenic viruses infecting various vertebrates including humans and causing different pathogenic responses in the infected organisms. Despite the variations in host tropism and pathogenicity, the structure of the virions of these viruses is similar. The capsid, with icosahedral symmetry (ø, 45 nm, T = 7d), is composed of a shell of 72 capsomeres of structural proteins, arranged around the nucleocore containing approximately 5‐kbp‐long circular dsDNA in complex with cellular histones. MPyV has been one of the most studied polyomaviruses and serves as a model virus for studies of the mechanisms of cell transformation and virus trafficking, and for use in nanotechnology. It can be propagated in primary mouse cells (e.g., in whole mouse embryo cells) or in mouse epithelial or fibroblast cell lines. In this unit, propagation, purification, quantification, and storage of MPyV virions are presented. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In Vitro Replication Assay for Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV)
Authors: Neumann Friederike , Czech‐Sioli Manja , Grundhoff Adam , Fischer Nicole 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMerkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) genomes are clonally integrated in tumor cells of ∼95% of all Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) cases. The virus is highly prevalent; however, where the virus persists and which cell types are permissive for MCPyV replication is still unknown. As a consequence, very little information is available about the life cycle and no fully permissive in vitro replication system has been established. Recently, semi‐permissive replication systems based on wild‐type MCPyV genomes recovered from the skin of healthy donors or synthetic MCPyV genomes constructed from consensus sequences have been established. The transfection of this intramolecular re‐circularized MCPyV DNA into some human cell lines recapitulates efficient DNA replication of the viral genome, viral gene expression as well as moderate levels of virus particle formation. However, serial transmission of infectious virus is still restricted in these cells. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of Achieving Target Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis on Functional Status, Quality of Life, and Resource Utilization: Analysis of Clinical Practice Data
Authors: Alemao Evo , Joo Seongjung , Kawabata Hugh , Al Maiwenn J. , Allison Paul D. , Rutten‐van Mölken Maureen P. M. H. , Frits Michelle L. , Iannaccone Christine K. , Shadick Nancy A. , Weinblatt Michael E. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate associations between achieving guideline‐recommended targets of disease activity, defined by the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using C‐reactive protein level (DAS28‐CRP) <2.6, the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) ≤3.3, or the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) ≤2.8, and other health outcomes in a longitudinal observational study.MethodsOther defined thresholds included low disease activity (LDA), moderate (MDA), or severe disease activity (SDA). To control for intraclass correlation and estimate effects of independent variables on outcomes of the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (M‐HAQ), the EuroQol 5‐domain (EQ‐5D; a quality‐of‐life measure), hospitalization, and durable medical equipment (DME) use, we employed mixed models for continuous outcomes and generalized estimating equations for binary outcomes.ResultsAmong 1,297 subjects, achievement (versus nonachievement) of recommended disease targets was associated with enhanced physical functioning and lower health resource utilization. After controlling for baseline covariates, achievement of disease targets (versus LDA) was associated with significantly enhanced physical functioning based on SDAI ≤3.3 (ΔM‐HAQ −0.047; P = 0.0100) and CDAI ≤2.8 (−0.073; P = 0.0003) but not DAS28‐CRP <2.6 (−0.022; P = 0.1735). Target attainment was associated with significantly improved EQ‐5D (0.022–0.096; P < 0.0030 versus LDA, MDA, or SDA). Patients achieving guideline‐recommended disease targets were 36–45% less likely to be hospitalized (P < 0.0500) and 23–45% less likely to utilize DME (P < 0.0100).ConclusionAttaining recommended target disease‐activity measures was associated with enhanced physical functioning and health‐related quality of life. Some health outcomes were similar in subjects attaining guideline targets versus LDA. Achieving LDA is a worthy clinical objective in some patients.
Tracking performance of a high‐gain observer in the presence of measurement noise
Authors: Prasov Alexis A. , Khalil Hassan K. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryUnlike previous work in the area of high‐gain observers, the focus of this paper is the effect measurement noise has on the tracking error, not the estimation error. Although a tradeoff exists between the speed of state reconstruction and the bound on the steady‐state estimation error, such a compromise is not evident in the tracking error of the first state. The purpose of this work is to provide the reader with the relationship between the high‐gain observer parameter and the tracking error and its subsequent derivatives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoinduced Synthesis of P‐Perfluoroalkylated Phosphines from Triarylphosphines and Their Application in the Copper‐Free Cross‐Coupling of Acid Chlorides and Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Kawaguchi Shin‐ichi , Minamida Yoshiaki , Okuda Takumi , Sato Yuki , Saeki Tomokazu , Yoshimura Aya , Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA practical synthesis yielding P‐perfluoroalkylated phosphines from triarylphosphines and perfluoroalkyl iodides has been developed. The photoinduced reaction involves the substitution of aryl groups on the phosphorus atom with perfluoroalkyl groups to successfully afford P‐perfluoroalkylated phosphines. In addition, the P‐perfluoroalkylated phosphines were found to promote the Cu‐free cross‐coupling reaction of acid chlorides with terminal alkynes.magnified image
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed CH Activation of Indoles
Authors: Sandtorv Alexander H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe last decades have seen a tremendous expanse in the application of CH activation of many different substrate classes, including the invaluable indole scaffold. Following the exciting emergence of CH activation as a multi‐faceted platform for functionalization, a versatile tool box has been developed for the preparation of structurally diverse indoles. This review article discusses recent advances and strategies for transition metal‐catalyzed CH activation of indoles.magnified image
Application of locally weighted regression‐based approach in correcting erroneous individual vehicle speed data
Authors: Rim Heesub , Park Seri , Oh Cheol , Park Junhyung , Lee Gunwoo 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBecause of the quality of raw data being an essential feature in determining the reliability of traffic information, an effective detection and correction of outliers in raw field‐collected traffic data has been an interest for many researchers. Global positioning systems (GPS)‐based traffic surveillance systems are capable of producing individual vehicle speeds that are vital for transportation researchers and practitioners in traffic management and information strategies. This study proposes a locally weighted regression (LWR)‐based filtering method for individual vehicle speed data. To fully and systematically evaluate this proposed method, a technique to generate synthetic outliers and two approaches to inject synthetic outliers are presented. Parameters that affect the smoothing performance associated with LWR are devised and applied to obtain a more robust and reliable data correction method. For a comprehensive performance evaluation of the developed LWR method, comparisons to exponential smoothing (ES) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) methods were conducted. Because the LWR‐based filtering method outperformed both the ES and ARIMA methods, this study showed its useful benefits in filtering individual vehicle speed data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Propensity to participate in a peer‐to‐peer social‐network‐based carpooling system
Authors: Tahmasseby Shahram , Kattan Lina , Barbour Brian 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis study examines the potential for a social network peer‐to‐peer‐based carpooling system called FacePorter for the University of Calgary staff and students. In this study, a survey that combined both revealed and stated preferences was designed and distributed randomly among students and staff. The survey consisted of a sample of 210 responses, which were divided into two groups of stated preference respondents: (i) auto drivers, who were given the choice between driving alone and carpooling as drivers; and (ii) transit riders, who were given the choice between public transport and carpooling as passengers. A binomial logit model and two ordinal logit models (one for ride offerors and one for ride seekers) were calibrated to examine the impacts of various examined socio‐economic, psychological, and travel characteristic variables on the propensity to participate in the hypothetical carpooling program. The results of the models clearly demonstrated that many factors have significant impacts on FacePorter demand: occupation, income, marital status, working schedule flexibility, trip characteristics (i.e., distance, travel time, and number of required transfers when riding transit), weather condition, carpooling fee, perceived rider and driver profiles, and carpooling fee would significantly influence the market demand of the examined carpooling system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zerstörungsfreie Bewehrungsortung an runden Betonstützen mit Impulsradar
Authors: Trela Christiane , Wöstmann Jens 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren haben zunehmend mehr zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren ihre Praxistauglichkeit im Bauwesen bewiesen. Dazu gehört auch das Impulsradar, das vor allem zur Detektion von metallischen Einbauteilen wie schlaffer Bewehrung und Spanngliedern eingesetzt wird. Solche Bauwerksuntersuchungen an Brücken und zahlreichen anderen Bauwerksarten fanden bisher meist an ebenen Flächen statt. Gekrümmte Flächen, die Gegenstand dieser Arbeit sind, stellen besondere Anforderungen an die Messdurchführung und Datenauswertung. Am Beispiel einer runden Betonstütze wird in diesem Beitrag gezeigt, wie die Bewehrungsortung mithilfe von hochfrequenten Radarantennen an gekrümmten Oberflächen realisiert wird. Unterstützend wurden Radarmessungen im Labor an einem Probekörper durchgeführt. Im Resultat kann die Bewehrungslage bildgebend dargestellt werden.Non‐destructive imaging of reinforcement bars in circular concrete columns using radar techniqueIn recent years, non‐destructive testing methods (NDT) have been proven as useful tools to evaluate road and building constructions. One of those methods, ground penetrating radar (GPR), becomes increasingly popular for investigating reinforced concrete structures, especially for detection of reinforcement bars and tendon ducts, where most of these applications take place on flat surfaces.This study focuses on the use of GPR on curved surfaces of reinforced concrete columns which are widely used in large‐scale civil infrastructures. The locations of steel reinforcement in concrete were determined in circular concrete columns in both laboratory and field tests. With appropriate high‐frequency radar antennas, experimental design and special migration algorithm GPR can be applied directly to detect reinforcement bars in curved concrete columns.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) im Bauwesen – automatisierte Baustoffanalyse
Authors: Millar Steven , Wilsch Gerd , Eichler Thorsten , Gottlieb Cassian , Wiggenhauser Herbert 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDie Laser induzierte Breakdown Spektroskopie (LIBS) bietet für die Analyse heterogener, mineralischer Baustoffe, wie z. B. Beton, deutliche Vorteile gegenüber konventionellen Methoden. Sie ermöglicht neben der Quantifizierung von Elementgehalten und ‐verteilungen im Baustoff auch die Differenzierung von Elementkonzentrationen innerhalb einzelner Phasen im Baustoff. So können beispielsweise die für die Alkali‐Kieselsäure‐Reaktion (AKR) interessanten Natriumkonzentrationen bestimmt und hinsichtlich ihrer Verteilung aufgelöst werden. Es lassen sich Natriumgehalte, welche sich in der Gesteinskörung befinden, separat von denen der Betonmatrix bestimmen. Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit den Vor‐ und Nachteilen von LIBS als alternative Methode für die chemische Analyse von Baustoffen. Anhand von Beispielen aus der Praxis wird der derzeitige Stand der Technik dargestellt und ein Vergleich mit etablierten Messmethoden vorgenommen.Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in civil engineering – innovative analysis of building materialsCompared to conventional methods the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) provides significant advantages for analysis of heterogeneous, mineral building materials as e.g. concrete. Besides providing the possibility to quantify element concentrations and distributions in building materials, this technique enables also to differentiate concentrations within different phases of the material. It is possible to determine sodium concentrations and distribution directly, which e.g. is important when regarding Alkali‐Silica‐Reaction (ASR). Sodium contents provided by the aggregates can be distinguished from those provided by the concrete matrix. The present article is concerned with the advantages and disadvantages of LIBS as alternative method for chemical analysis of building materials. On the basis of samples from practice the current state of the art is shown and different measurement techniques will be compared.