bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embryologic innervation of the rat laryngeal musculature—a model for investigation of recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation
Authors: Pitman Michael J. , Berzofsky Craig E. , Alli Opeyemi , Sharma Sansar 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisOptimal management of vocal fold paralysis would entail recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) reinnervation resulting in normal vocal fold motion. Unfortunately, RLN reinnervation currently results in a nonfunctional vocal fold due to synkinetic reinnervation. Therapeutic interventions that guide regenerating axons back to the appropriate muscle would prevent synkinesis and restore vocal fold and glottal function. The initial step toward developing these therapies is the elucidation of the embryologic innervation of the larynx. This study aimed to identify the age of occurrence, timing, and pattern of embryologic innervation of the rat larynx, hypothesizing that differences in these parameters exist between distinct laryngeal muscles.Study DesignDescriptive anatomic study.MethodsThe larynx of rats aged embryologic day (E) 15, 16, 17, 19, and 21 were harvested and then sectioned. Two rats were used for each age. Sections were colabeled with neuronal class III β‐tubulin polyclonal antibody to identify the presence of axons and alexa 488 conjugate α‐bungarotoxin to identify the presence of motor endplates. The age at which axons and motor endplates were first present was noted. The position and pattern of the axons and motor endplates was recorded in relation to each other as well as the musculoskeletal anatomy of the larynx. The time at which axons appeared to innervate the medial thyroarytenoid (MTA) muscle, lateral thyroarytenoid (LTA) muscle, and the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle was documented.ResultsFindings in the rat suggest the RLN reaches the larynx and begins branching by E15. Axons branch dorsally first and reach the PCA muscle before the other muscles. Branching toward the MTA muscle occurs only after axons have reached the LTA muscle. By E19, RLN axons have been guided to and selected their respective muscles with formation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in the PCA, LTA and MTA muscles, though the formation of NMJs in the MTA muscle was comparatively delayed.ConclusionsThis study describes the embryologic innervation of the rat larynx and suggests that there are distinct differences in the age of occurrence, timing, and pattern of innervation of the PCA, LTA, and MTA muscles of the rat. These findings lay the foundation for studies investigating the role of guidance cues in RLN axon guidance and the utility of these cues in the treatment of RLN injury via the stimulation of functional, nonsynkinetic reinnervation.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:3117–3126, 2013
Selectin blockade decreases postischemic recruitment of bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Lawton Brian , Boyette Jennings R. , Hu Melissa , Lian Timothy S. 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisInvestigate the localization mechanisms of bone marrow stromal cells following transient ischemia‐reperfusion injury in a murine flap model.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsA cutaneous flap based on the inferior epigastric artery was elevated, and transient ischemia of 3.5 hours using a microvascular clamp was achieved. Fucoidan was injected intravenously 24 hours before the ischemic period. Following the period of ischemia, radiolabeled bone marrow stromal cells were injected intravenously, and radioactivity was determined postoperatively.ResultsAttenuation of the uptake of bone marrow stromal cells into postischemic tissue was observed in those mice treated with fucoidan as indicated by gamma counts measured in the flaps when compared with controls (P < . 001).ConclusionsDecreased uptake of radiolabeled bone marrow stromal cells into postischemic tissues pretreated with fucoidan indicates selectin‐mediated bone‐marrow stromal cell recruitment in a murine cutaneous flap model.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:2993–2995, 2013
Three‐dimensional doppler ultrasonography in assessing nodal metastases and staging head and neck cancer
Authors: Lai Yu‐Shih , Kuo Chun‐Ying , Chen Mu‐Kuan , Chen Hui‐Chuan 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThis study built a simple prediction system by three‐dimensional (3D) Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate the metastases of cervical lymph nodes and the preoperative initial stage of head and neck cancer.Study DesignRetrospective review of cervical lymph node ultrasound features and prospective nodal staging of head and neck cancer.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐nine suspicious cervical lymph nodes, receiving 3D Doppler ultrasonography, were used to establish a predictive model. Then nodal metastasis was initially staged from 27 patients with head and neck cancer by this model.ResultsThe prediction system was constructed by major (internal matting, vascularity pattern) and minor (age ≥ 40 years, short/long ratio ≥ 0.5) sign categories. Cervical lymph node was regarded as metastasis with the presence of one major and any of the other factors. The predictive model resulted in sensitivity of 91.9%, specificity of 88.2%, and accuracy of 89.2%. Then we evaluated the initial staging of patients with head and neck cancer by this model, and the rate of correct N staging was 92.6%.ConclusionsAccording to this prediction system, 3D Doppler ultrasonography definitely provides a rapid and reliable method for initial staging of head and neck cancer.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 123:3037–3042, 2013
Aspirin sensitivity does not compromise quality‐of‐life outcomes in patients with samter's triad
Authors: Jang David W. , Comer Brett T. , Lachanas Vasileios A. , Kountakis Stilianos E. 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo demonstrate that quality‐of‐life outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery are not compromised in patients with Samter's triad (asthma, nasal polyps, aspirin sensitivity) when compared to patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (eCRSwP) who are not aspirin sensitive.Study DesignRetrospective review of prospectively collected data.MethodsThirty‐two patients with Samter's triad were identified from a prospectively collected patient database from 2003 to 2012. Preoperative and postoperative symptom and endoscopy scores were compared to those of 37 consecutive patients with eCRSwP who were not aspirin sensitive (control). Student t test and Fisher exact test were used to examine for differences between the two groups. Symptom scores were assessed using the 20‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐20). Endoscopy findings were scored according to the Lund‐Kennedy methodology.ResultsSamter's triad patients had significantly worse disease preoperatively when compared to the control group: SNOT‐20 (31.1 vs. 22.1, P = .004), endoscopy score (10.9 vs. 7.6, P = .0005), and Lund‐Mackay computed tomography score (18.9 vs. 13.9, P = .0001). Although postoperative endoscopy scores remained worse in the Samter's triad group, postoperative SNOT‐20 scores were comparable to those of the control group at ≥3 years follow‐up (22.8 vs. 17.3, P = .43).ConclusionsAlthough Samter's triad patients present with more severe disease and are more likely to undergo revision surgery, they have postoperative quality‐of‐life outcomes that are comparable to patients with eCRSwP who are not aspirin sensitive. This is the first study to utilize a disease‐specific, validated outcomes instrument in comparing Samter's triad patients with aspirin‐tolerant patients who have nasal polyposis and tissue eosinophilia.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:34–37, 2014
Long‐term outcome of once daily nasal irrigation for the treatment of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Pham Vinh , Sykes Kevin , Wei Julie 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisChronic rhinosinusitis(CRS) results in significant morbidity and health care expenditure. Safety and efficacy of nasal irrigation use in the treatment of pediatric CRS have been demonstrated, but long‐term outcomes are unknown. We reviewed characteristics and treatment outcomes after 6 weeks of once daily nasal irrigation in pediatric CRS based on computed tomography (CT) scans, and summarized parental reports of subsequent use of nasal irrigation for recurring symptomsStudy DesignRetrospective cohort study and cross‐sectional survey.MethodsReview and survey of 144 pediatric CRS patients diagnosed between July 2003 and January 2012.ResultsOne hundred four patients were reviewed. Mean age was 8.0 years, and 65.4% were male. Presenting symptoms included congestion (95.2%), cough (79.8%), rhinorrhea (60.6%), headache (48.1%), and fatigue (40.4%). Comorbidities included positive allergy test (50%), asthma (57.3%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (28.2%). After 6 weeks, 57.7% of patients reported complete resolution of symptoms. Reductions in Lund–Mackay CT scores were 4.14 and 4.38 on the left and right sides, respectively (P < .001). Of the 54 parents who completed the prospective surveys, 53.7% reported using irrigation again in the past 12 months (median = 1, interquartile range = 3). Only nine patients underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) after the initial 6 weeks. Patients requiring FESS were, on average, 3.6 years older than those who did not receive FESS (P = 0.0005). Median length of follow‐up was 48 months (range = 20–113). There were no significant differences in age, Lund–MacKay score changes, and symptom resolution proportions between those who completed the survey and those who did not.ConclusionsNasal irrigation is effective as a first‐line treatment for pediatric CRS and subsequent nasal symptoms, and reduces the need for FESS and CT imaging.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 124:1000–1007, 2014
Laryngeal dystonia gravidarum: Sudden onset of adductor spasmodic dysphonia in pregnancy
Authors: Ankola Ashish , Sulica Lucian , Murry Thomas 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study was to identify the presence or absence of known factors related to onset of adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) in a population with sudden onset during or after pregnancy.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsA review of 350 patient records identified five patients with sudden onset of ADSD related to pregnancy. An age‐matched group with sudden onset of ADSD not related to pregnancy served as controls. All subjects completed a 20‐question survey of risk factors relevant to ADSD.ResultsThe average age of onset in both groups was 31 years. Three had onset of ADSD in the postpartum period, the other two during pregnancy. Significantly increased avocational voice use was found in the pregnant group compared to the control group. There was a significant difference in the two groups regarding cumulative risk factors traditionally associated with ADSD.ConclusionsSudden onset of ADSD can occur in pregnancy in women with clinical profiles that differ from traditional ADSD patients.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 123:3127–3130, 2013
Cricothyroid muscle dysfunction impairs vocal fold vibration in unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Pei Yu‐Cheng , Fang Tuan‐Jen , Li Hsueh‐Yu , Wong Alice M. K. 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe relevance of the cricothyroid (CT) muscle in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) remains controversial. To clarify the functional significance of the CT muscle in patients with UVFP, the confounding effect of the severity of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury should be taken into consideration. In the present study, quantitative laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) was used to measure the severity of paralysis of the thyroarytenoid‐lateral cricoarytenoid (TA‐LCA) muscle complex to allow the functional contribution of the CT muscle to be determined.Study DesignCross‐sectional study performed in an otolaryngology outpatient clinic.MethodsThirty‐one patients with a main diagnosis of UVFP were recruited. The main outcome measures included LEMG examination, quantitative LEMG analysis of the TA‐LCA muscle complex, UVFP‐related quality‐of‐life questionnaire (Voice Outcome Survey [VOS]), voice acoustics analysis, videolaryngostroboscopy, and general quality‐of‐life questionnaire (Short Form‐36 Health Survey [SF‐36]) assessments.ResultsThe vocal cord position did not differ between patients with and without CT muscle impairment. Patients with both TA‐LCA and CT paralysis showed poorer vocal fold vibration (P = .048) and higher fundamental frequency (P = .02), and the VOS and SF‐36 were both poorer compared with patients with only TA‐LCA paralysis.ConclusionsAlthough the vocal cord position was not influenced by CT muscle function, coexisting CT muscle paralysis may damage the voice by impairing vocal fold vibration in UVFP patients.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:201–206, 2014
Radical Polymerization of MMA Co‐initiated by 2‐Phenyloxazoline
Authors: Polenz Ingmar , Schmidt Friedrich Georg , Friedrich Joachim , Tchernook Ivan , Spange Stefan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe subject of this work is the study of a new type of radical polymerization that occurs at elevated temperatures (80–100 °C) in mixtures of acrylates or (meth)acrylates and imine baes (IBA polymerization). The radical character of this polymerization is proven by the determination of copolymerization ratios and the reaction kinetics. On the basis of these facts and the hypothesis that the vinyl monomer acts as a co‐initiator, calculations reveal the concentration of the initiating species to be very low (Keq < 10−6). Furthermore, the choice of the reaction medium plays a crucial role on reaction kinetics and the average molecular weight of the resulting polymer. In combination with computational methodologies on the initiation, the multistep nature of this reaction is indicated.magnified image
Color Indicator for Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry: Phenolphthalein‐Containing Thermo‐ and pH‐Sensitive N‐(Isopropyl)acrylamide Copolymers and β‐Cyclodextrin Complexation
Authors: Fleischmann Carolin , Ritter Helmut 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe copolymerization parameters of N‐(isopropyl)acrylamide (1) and N‐(2‐hydroxy‐5‐(1‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐oxo‐1,3‐dihydroisobenzofuran‐1‐yl)benzyl)acrylamide (2) are determined. For both monomers, the homoaddition proceeds slightly faster than the heteroaddition step; however, the polymer formation occurs in a statistic fashion. Copolymers of different compositions are prepared and the cloud points are determined. Thereby, a significant influence of the concentration of monomer 2 and the pH value is found. For the first time, the complexation of polymer attached phenolphthalein by β‐cyclodextrins is shown. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve a decomplexation by the addition of suitable guest molecules. Both procedures can be followed with the naked eye.magnified image
Theoretical Analysis of Nitroxide‐Mediated Copolymerization of Styrene and α‐Methyl‐Styrene under Different Operating Policies and Reactor Designs
Authors: Fortunatti Cecilia , Sarmoria Claudia , Brandolin Adriana , Asteasuain Mariano 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe polymerization that IUPAC terms reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization is a controlled radical polymerization technique (CRP) that allows producing polymers with tailored properties without the stringent conditions typical in ionic polymerization. A theoretical analysis is presented of the influence of operating and design conditions on the product properties for the nitroxide‐mediated copolymerization (NMP) of styrene and α‐methyl styrene. Several reactor configurations are analyzed, with different feeding policies and temperature profiles. To this end a mathematical model is developed to predict copolymer average properties and the complete bivariate MWD. The results help establishing design parameters and optimal operating policies to obtain desired copolymer microstructures.
Pseudoexstrophy of the bladder diagnosed prenatally
Authors: Choi See Min , Park Taejin , Park Ji Kwon , Shin Jeong Kyu , Choi Won Jun , Lee Soon Ae , Chung Ky Hyun , Lee Jong Hak , Paik Won Young 
Published: May 2013

What's already known about this topic?

When a cystic mass is seen at the base of the umbilical cord that appears to be in direct communication with the bladder, the differential diagnosis includes urachal anomaly and pseudoexstrophy of the bladder.What does this study add?

This is the first case of pseudoexstrophy of the bladder diagnosed prenatally. This case had unique findings on prenatal imaging: a cystic mass at the base of the umbilical cord with a wide communication with the bladder that persists as gestation progress.
A retrospective study on the usage of cough and cold medications in viral respiratory tract infections in Taiwanese children
Authors: Cheng Ching‐Lan , Kao Yang Yea‐Huei , Liu Ching‐Chuan , Lee Ping‐Ing 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe sought to describe the epidemiology of viral respiratory‐tract infections and patterns in prescriptions of cough and cold medications among young children who were suffering from viral respiratory tract infections (vRTIs).MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study to examine vRTI‐episode occurrence and cold‐medication utilization in outpatients in 2007 using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. One‐third of the children under 12 years of age who had at least one outpatient visit for a vRTI as randomly selected from NHIRD were included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 895 942 children had a diagnosis of vRTI (6 144 336 visits) during 2007, 58% of whom were aged 6 to 12 years, and 52% of whom were male. The mean cumulative incidence of vRTIs by ages were 5.6 in infancy, 7.1 in preschool, and 4.0 in school children. The average number of cough and cold medications without other drugs prescribed per visit was two to three. Among cough and cold medications, antihistamines for systemic use were prescribed most frequently (20%), followed by mucolytics (12%), selective beta‐2 agonists (11%), decongestants for systemic use (10%), and analgesic‐antipyretics including acetaminophen (7%) or non‐steroid anti‐inflammatory drugs (6%). There was considerable variation of prescriptions, which increased with increasing age, where the top 20 prescription accounted for only 36%, 30%, and 25% of all prescriptions in infants, preschool, and school age children, respectively.ConclusionsA more rational use of medicines for treatment of vRTIs in children in Taiwan needs to be developed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of individual atmospheric parameters on CPV system power, energy yield and cost of energy
Authors: Chan Ngai Lam Alvin , Brindley Helen E. , Ekins‐Daukes Nicholas John 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe performance of concentrator photovoltaic systems can be characterised by the power output under reference conditions and the output energy yield under realistic solar illumination. For a range of locations, the frequency distribution of individual atmospheric parameters and their quantitative impact on power output of a concentrator photovoltaic system have been evaluated, with aerosols shown to have a substantial impact on performance at many sites. Limited knowledge of atmospheric parameters results in a difference of up to 75% in simulated energy yield over an annual period and up to 75% deviation in the expected levelised cost of energy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observed degradation in photovoltaic plants affected by hot‐spots
Authors: García Miguel , Marroyo Luis , Lorenzo Eduardo , Marcos Javier , Pérez Miguel 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA number of findings have shown that the test procedures currently available to determine the reliability and durability of photovoltaic (PV) modules are insufficient to detect certain problems. To improve these procedures, ongoing research into the actual performance of the modules in the field is required. However, scientific literature contains but few references to field studies of defective modules. This article studies two different localized heating phenomena affecting the PV modules of two large‐scale PV plants in Spain. The first problem relates to weak solder joints whilst the second is due to micro‐cracks on the module cells. For both cases, the cause is identified, and consideration is given with regard to the effect on performance, the potential deterioration over time, and a way to detect the problems identified. The findings contained in this paper will prove to be of considerable interest to maintenance personnel at large‐scale PV plants and also to those responsible for setting module quality standards and specifications, and even the PV module manufacturers themselves. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusion of a Distress Management Guideline into practice
Authors: Tavernier Susan S. , Beck Susan L. , Dudley William N. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore system and clinician‐related barriers, and predictors for the adoption of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Management Guideline (DMG) into oncology outpatient practice.MethodsThis descriptive, correlational study surveyed a national sample of oncology nurses working in an outpatient setting who completed the survey electronically or by mail.ResultsStudy respondents (n = 409) were predominantly certified nurses (84%) yet largely unfamiliar with the DMG; 17% of respondents were using the DMG. Time, staff uncertainties and ambiguous accountability were the largest barriers to not assessing distress. Compared with those not using any assessment tool, those using the DMG were more comfortable discussing distress, worked as an oncology nurse longer, scored colleagues higher on valuing distress screening and had more organizational processes in place to support evidence‐based practices. Significant predictors of DMG use included higher familiarity with the DMG (OR 3.81, p < .001), lower perceived barriers (OR 0.41, p = .001), non‐profit status (OR 3.93, p = .05) and urban or rural (versus suburban) work settings (OR 04.59, p = .04; overall model chi‐square 133.25, df 12, p < .001, Nagelkerke R2 .67).ConclusionsThis study identified barriers and predictors to using the DMG, which are amenable to interventions. DMG adoption may be augmented by interventions, which increase familiarity with the guideline. Additionally, adoption of the DMG may improve through explicit articulation of the responsibilities oncology team members have in cancer‐related distress screening and management. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of such interventions and their impact on patient care outcomes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.