bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomedical knowledge, clinical cognition and diagnostic justification: a structural equation model
Authors: Cianciolo Anna T , Williams Reed G , Klamen Debra L , Roberts Nicole K 
Published: February 2013

Context  The process whereby medical students employ integrated analytic and non‐analytic diagnostic strategies is not fully understood. Analysing academic performance data could provide a perspective complementary to that of laboratory experiments when investigating the nature of diagnostic strategy. This study examined the performance data of medical students in an integrated curriculum to determine the relative contributions of biomedical knowledge and clinical pattern recognition to diagnostic strategy.Methods  Structural equation modelling was used to examine the relationship between biomedical knowledge and clinical cognition (clinical information gathering and interpretation) assessed in Years 1 and 2 of medical school and their relative contributions to diagnostic justification assessed at the beginning of Year 4. Modelling was applied to the academic performance data of 133 medical students who received their md degrees in 2011 and 2012.Results  The model satisfactorily fit the data. The correlation between biomedical knowledge and clinical cognition was low–moderate (0.26). The paths between these two constructs and diagnostic justification were moderate and slightly favoured biomedical knowledge (0.47 and 0.40 for biomedical knowledge and clinical cognition, respectively).Conclusions  The findings suggest that within the first 2 years of medical school, students possessed separate, but complementary, cognitive tools, comprising biomedical knowledge and clinical pattern recognition, which contributed to an integrated diagnostic strategy at the beginning of Year 4. Assessing diagnostic justification, which requires students to make their thinking explicit, may promote the integration of analytic and non‐analytic processing into diagnostic strategy.
A phenomenographic approach to research in medical education
Authors: Stenfors‐Hayes Terese , Hult Hakan , Dahlgren Madeleine A 
Published: February 2013

Context  Phenomenography is a qualitative approach to research which has revolutionised the way that researchers and teachers think about the processes and outcomes of learning in higher education. Phenomenography has also been used successfully in medical and health care research for the last 20 years. Phenomenography provides a lens through which to view certain types of research question. It also provides direction for how to empirically carry out the research.Methods  This paper introduces phenomenography as a viable qualitative approach for use in medical education research.Results  A phenomenographic study maps the qualitatively different ways in which people experience a phenomenon. This type of study can have an important impact on, for example, patient communication, clinical practice and health care education.Conclusion  We suggest that a phenomenographic approach can be used to explore many medical education research issues, and can facilitate more solid links between research and educational development and change.
Exploring the relationships among attachment, emotional intelligence and communication
Authors: Cherry M Gemma , Fletcher Ian , O’Sullivan Helen 
Published: February 2013

Objectives  Attachment style has been shown to influence both emotional intelligence (EI) and the clinical communication of medical students and doctors. No research has assessed the relationships among attachment, EI and clinical communication in medical students. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of EI on the relationship between medical students’ attachment style and clinical communication.Methods  Medical students were invited to complete measures of attachment (using the Experiences in Close Relationships–Short Form [ECR‐SF], a 12‐item measure that provides attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety dimensional scores) and EI (using the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test [MSCEIT], a 141‐item measure of the perception, use, understanding and management of emotions) at the end of Year 1, prior to a summative objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Clinical communication was assessed using OSCE scores. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse a hypothetical model of the relationships among attachment style, EI and clinical communication.Results  A total of 200 of 358 (55.9%) students participated. Attachment avoidance was significantly negatively correlated with total EI scores (r = − 0.28, p < 0.01); total EI was significantly positively correlated with OSCE scores (r = 0.23, p < 0.01). A parsimonious SEM revealed that attachment avoidance accounted for 13% of the variance in students’ total EI scores but did not directly predict OSCE scores, whereas total EI significantly predicted 7% of the variance in OSCE scores.Conclusions  Attachment is perceived to be stable from early adulthood, whereas the literature suggests that EI can be developed through the use of targeted interventions. This has potential implications for the training of medical students in clinical communication.
A dominant‐negative form ofArabidopsisAP‐3 β‐adaptin improves intracellular pHhomeostasis
Authors: Niñoles Regina , Rubio Lourdes , García‐Sánchez María J. , Fernández José A. , Bueso Eduardo , Alejandro Santiago , Serrano Ramón 
Published: February 2013

SummaryIntracellular pH(pHi) is a crucial parameter in cellular physiology but its mechanisms of homeostasis are only partially understood. To uncover novel roles and participants of the pHiregulatory system, we have screened an Arabidopsis mutant collection for resistance of seed germination to intracellular acidification induced by weak organic acids (acetic, propionic, sorbic). The phenotypes of one identified mutant,weak acid‐tolerant 1‐1D(wat1‐1D) are due to the expression of a truncated form ofAP‐3 β‐adaptin (encoded by thePAT2gene) that behaves as a as dominant‐negative. During acetic acid treatment the root epidermal cells of the mutant maintain a higher pHiand a more depolarized plasma membrane electrical potential than wild‐type cells. Additional phenotypes ofwat1‐1Droots include increased rates of acetate efflux,K+uptake andH+efflux, the latter reflecting thein vivoactivity of the plasma membraneH+‐ATPase. Thein vitroactivity of the enzyme was not increased but, as theH+‐ATPase is electrogenic, the increased ion permeability would allow a higher rate ofH+efflux. TheAP‐3 adaptor complex is involved in traffic from Golgi to vacuoles but its function in plants is not much known. The phenotypes of thewat1‐1Dmutant can be explained if loss of function of theAP‐3 β‐adaptin causes activation of channels or transporters for organic anions (acetate) and forK+at the plasma membrane, perhaps through miss‐localization of tonoplast proteins. This suggests a role of this adaptin in trafficking of ion channels or transporters to the tonoplast.
Set‐point control of RD21 protease activity by AtSerpin1 controls cell death in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lampl Nardy , Alkan Noam , Davydov Olga , Fluhr Robert 
Published: February 2013

SummaryProgrammed cell death (PCD) in plants plays a key role in defense response and is promoted by the release of compartmentalized proteases to the cytoplasm. Yet the exact identity and control of these proteases is poorly understood. Serpins are an important group of proteins that uniquely curb the activity of proteases by irreversible inhibition; however, their role in plants remains obscure. Here we show that during cell death the Arabidopsis serpin protease inhibitor, AtSerpin1, exhibits a pro‐survival function by inhibiting its target pro‐death protease, RD21. AtSerpin1 accumulates in the cytoplasm and RD21 accumulates in the vacuole and in endoplasmic reticulum bodies. Elicitors of cell death, including the salicylic acid agonist benzothiadiazole and the fungal toxin oxalic acid, stimulated changes in vacuole permeability as measured by the changes in the distribution of marker dye. Concomitantly, a covalent AtSerpin1–RD21 complex was detected indicative of a change in protease compartmentalization. Furthermore, mutant plants lacking RD21 or plants with AtSerpin1 over‐expression exhibited significantly less elicitor‐stimulated PCD than plants lacking AtSerpin1. The necrotrophic fungi Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotina sclerotiorum secrete oxalic acid as a toxin that stimulates cell death. Consistent with a pro‐death function for RD21 protease, the growth of these necrotrophs was compromised in plants lacking RD21 but accelerated in plants lacking AtSerpin1. The results indicate that AtSerpin1 controls the pro‐death function of compartmentalized protease RD21 by determining a set‐point for its activity and limiting the damage induced during cell death.
RNA PROCESSING FACTOR 5 is required for efficient 5′ cleavage at a processing site conserved in RNAs of three different mitochondrial genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hauler Aron , Jonietz Christian , Stoll Birgit , Stoll Katrin , Braun Hans‐Peter , Binder Stefan 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe 5′ ends of many mitochondrial transcripts are generated post‐transcriptionally. Recently, we identified three RNA PROCESSING FACTORs required for 5′ end maturation of different mitochondrial mRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. All of these factors are pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPRPs), highly similar to RESTORERs OF FERTILTY (RF), that rescue male fertility in cytoplasmic male‐sterile lines from different species. Therefore, we suggested a general role of these RF‐like PPRPs in mitochondrial 5′ processing. We now identified RNA PROCESSING FACTOR 5, a PPRP not classified as an RF‐like protein, required for the efficient 5′ maturation of the nad6 and atp9 mRNAs as well as 26S rRNA. The precursor molecules of these RNAs share conserved sequence elements, approximately ranging from positions −50 to +9 relative to mature 5′ mRNA termini, suggesting these sequences to be at least part of the cis elements required for processing. The knockout of RPF5 has only a moderate influence on 5′ processing of atp9 mRNA, whereas the generation of the mature nad6 mRNA and 26S rRNA is almost completely abolished in the mutant. The latter leads to a 50% decrease of total 26S rRNA species, resulting in an imbalance between the large rRNA and 18S rRNA. Despite these severe changes in RNA levels and in the proportion between the 26S and 18S rRNAs, mitochondrial protein levels appear to be unaltered in the mutant, whereas seed germination capacity is markedly reduced.
Lifetimes of Arabidopsis cryptochrome signaling states in vivo
Authors: Herbel Vera , Orth Christian , Wenzel Ringo , Ahmad Margaret , Bittl Robert , Batschauer Alfred 
Published: February 2013

SummaryOne crucial component in light signaling is the quantity of photoreceptor present in the active signaling state. The lifetime of the signaling state of a photoreceptor is limited because of thermal or otherwise back reversion of the chromophore to the ground state, and/or degradation of the photoreceptor in the light‐activated state. It was previously shown that the lit state of plant cryptochromes contains flavin‐neutral semiquinone, and that the half‐lives of the lit state were in the range of 3–4 min in vitro. However, it was unknown how long‐lived the signaling states of plant cryptochromes are in situ. Based on the loss of degradation of cry2 after prolonged dark incubation and loss of reversibility of photoactivated cry1 by a pulse of green light, we estimate the in vivo half‐lives of the signaling states of cry1 and cry2 to be in the range of 5 and 16 min, respectively. Based on electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, the lifetime of the Arabidopsis cry1 lit state in insect cells was found to be ~6 min, and thus very similar to the lifetime of the signaling state in planta. Thus, the signaling state lifetimes of plant cryptochromes are not, or are only moderately, stabilized in planta.
Tariffication and Welfare in a Differentiated Duopoly
Authors: Hwang Hong , Peng Cheng‐Hau , Wu Hsiu‐Ling 
Published: February 2013

AbstractConverting non‐tariff barriers such as quotas into tariffs has been referred to as tariffication and is one of the most important outcomes of the Uruguay Round. Due to the burgeoning trend of free trade agreements around the world, tariffication has also been popular among Asian economies. By utilising a duopoly model with heterogeneous products, this paper compares the efficiency of three tariffication schemes: a quota is converted into an import‐volume‐equivalent tariff, import‐price‐equivalent tariff or profit‐equivalent tariff. It is found that tariffication always increases the world welfare no matter which equivalent tariff is adopted by the domestic government. This result echoes the spirit of tariffication proposed by the WTO and explains why more and more countries are using tariffs instead of nontariff barriers. If we further assume that the quota rent equals the tariff revenue, the domestic welfare will also increase after tariffication. By contrast, the domestic firm’s profit can be higher or lower after tariffication, depending on the tariffication schemes. Finally, the foreign firm is always worse off.
An accuracy assessment of different rigid body image registration methods and robotic couch positional corrections using a novel phantom
Authors: Arumugam Sankar , Jameson Michael G. , Xing Aitang , Holloway Lois 
Published: February 2013

Purpose:Image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images greatly reduces interfractional patient positional uncertainties. An understanding of uncertainties in the IGRT process itself is essential to ensure appropriate use of this technology. The purpose of this study was to develop a phantom capable of assessing the accuracy of IGRT hardware and software including a 6 degrees of freedom patient positioning system and to investigate the accuracy of the Elekta XVI system in combination with the HexaPOD robotic treatment couch top.Methods:The constructed phantom enabled verification of the three automatic rigid body registrations (gray value, bone, seed) available in the Elekta XVI software and includes an adjustable mount that introduces known rotational offsets to the phantom from its reference position. Repeated positioning of the phantom was undertaken to assess phantom rotational accuracy. Using this phantom the accuracy of the XVI registration algorithms was assessed considering CBCT hardware factors and image resolution together with the residual error in the overall image guidance process when positional corrections were performed through the HexaPOD couch system.Results:The phantom positioning was found to be within 0.04 (σ = 0.12)°, 0.02 (σ = 0.13)°, and −0.03 (σ = 0.06)° in X, Y, and Z directions, respectively, enabling assessment of IGRT with a 6 degrees of freedom patient positioning system. The gray value registration algorithm showed the least error in calculated offsets with maximum mean difference of −0.2(σ = 0.4) mm in translational and −0.1(σ = 0.1)° in rotational directions for all image resolutions. Bone and seed registration were found to be sensitive to CBCT image resolution. Seed registration was found to be most sensitive demonstrating a maximum mean error of −0.3(σ = 0.9) mm and −1.4(σ = 1.7)° in translational and rotational directions over low resolution images, and this is reduced to −0.1(σ = 0.2) mm and −0.1(σ = 0.79)° using high resolution images.Conclusions:The phantom, capable of rotating independently about three orthogonal axes was successfully used to assess the accuracy of an IGRT system considering 6 degrees of freedom. The overall residual error in the image guidance process of XVI in combination with the HexaPOD couch was demonstrated to be less than 0.3 mm and 0.3° in translational and rotational directions when using the gray value registration with high resolution CBCT images. However, the residual error, especially in rotational directions, may increase when the seed registration is used with low resolution images.
Physicochemical Quality and Chemical Safety of Chlorine as a Reconditioning Agent and Wash Water Disinfectant for Fresh-Cut Lettuce Washing
Authors: Van Haute Sam , Sampers Imca , Holvoet Kevin , Uyttendaele Mieke 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTChlorine was assessed as a reconditioning agent and wash water disinfectant in the fresh-cut produce industry. Artificial fresh-cut lettuce wash water, made from butterhead lettuce, was used for the experiments. In the reconditioning experiments, chlorine was added to artificial wash water inoculated withEscherichia coliO157 (6 log CFU/ml). Regression models were constructed based on the inactivation data and validated in actual wash water from leafy vegetable processing companies. The model that incorporated chlorine dose and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wash water accurately predicted inactivation.Listeria monocytogeneswas more resistant to chlorine reconditioning in artificial wash water thanSalmonellaspp. andEscherichia coliO157. During the washing process with inoculated lettuce (4 log CFU/g), in the absence of chlorine, there was a rapid microbial buildup in the water that accumulated to 5.4 ± 0.4 log CFU/100 ml after 1 h. When maintaining a residual concentration of 1 mg/liter free chlorine, wash water contamination was maintained below 2.7, 2.5, and 2.5 log CFU/100 ml for tap water and artificial process water with COD values of 500 and 1,000 mg O2/liter, respectively. A model was developed to predict water contamination during the dynamic washing process. Only minor amounts of total trihalomethanes were formed in the water during reconditioning. Total trihalomethanes accumulated to larger amounts in the water during the wash water disinfection experiments and reached 124.5 ± 13.4 μg/liter after 1 h of execution of the washing process in water with a COD of 1,000 mg O2/liter. However, no total trihalomethanes were found on the fresh-cut lettuce after rinsing.
Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Strain Xca5
Authors: Bolot Stéphanie , Guy Endrick , Carrere Sébastien , Barbe Valérie , Arlat Matthieu , Noël Laurent D. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

An annotated high-quality draft genome sequence for
Xanthomonas campestris
pv. campestris race 1 strain Xca5 (originally described as
X. campestris
pv. armoraciae), the causal agent of black rot on
Brassicaceae
plants, has been determined. This genome sequence is a valuable resource for comparative genomics within the campestris pathovar.
Genome Sequence of Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC3963, a Stress-Resistant Strain Isolated in a Chinese Traditional Solid-State Liquor-Making Process
Authors: Wu Qun , Peng Suqin , Yu Yao , Li Yixue , Xu Yan 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Bacillus licheniformis
CGMCC3963 is an important mao-tai flavor-producing strain. It was isolated from the starter (
Daqu
) of a Chinese mao-tai-flavor liquor fermentation process with solid-state fermentation. We report its genome of 4,525,096 bp here. Many potential insertion genes that are responsible for the unique properties of
B. licheniformis
CGMCC3963 in mao-tai-flavor liquor production were identified.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma hyorhinis Strain SK76
Authors: Goodison Steve , Urquidi Virginia , Kumar Dibyendu , Reyes Leticia , Rosser Charles J. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma hyorhinis
is a eubacterium belonging to the
Mollicutes
class and is responsible for porcine respiratory and arthritic diseases. It is also the major contaminant of mammalian tissue cultures in laboratories worldwide. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
M. hyorhinis
strain SK76.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain N002, Isolated from Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil from Geleky, Assam, India
Authors: Roy Abhjit Sarma , Baruah Reshita , Gogoi Dhrubajyoti , Borah Maina , Singh Anil Kumar , Deka Boruah Hari Prasanna 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of crude oil-degrading
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain N002, isolated from a crude oil-polluted soil sample from Geleky, Assam, India. Multiple genes potentially involved in crude oil degradation were identified.
Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus SNUVpS-1 Isolated from Korean Seafood
Authors: Jun Jin Woo , Kim Ji Hyung , Choresca Casiano H. , Shin Sang Phil , Han Jee Eun , Park Se Chang 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
is the leading cause of food-borne diseases, and several pathogenic strains cause global gastroenteritis outbreaks. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of
V. parahaemolyticus
SNUVpS-1, which was isolated from seafood in a fishery market in the Republic of Korea and contained TL,
toxR
, and
toxRS
old
genes. The current draft genome sequence will contribute to the effort to monitor the spread of
V. parahaemolyticus
seafood isolates and clinical isolates.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Francisella tularensis subsp.
holarctica
Strain from Germany Causing Lethal Infection in Common Marmosets
Authors: Antwerpen Markus H. , Schacht E. , Kaysser P. , Splettstoesser W. D. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we describe the genome sequence of the
Francisella tularensis
subsp.
holarctica
strain F92, belonging to the Franco-Iberian subgroup. This strain represents the first-time isolate of this subgroup in Germany and was obtained from naturally infected marmosets.
Towards the Description of the Genome Catalogue of
Pseudomonas
sp. Strain M1
Authors: Soares-Castro Pedro , Santos Pedro M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas
sp. strain M1 is a soil isolate with remarkable biotechnological potential. The genome of
Pseudomonas
sp. M1 was sequenced using both 454 and Illumina technologies. A customized genome assembly pipeline was used to reconstruct its genome sequence to a single scaffold.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Probiotic Enterococcus faecalis Symbioflor 1 Clone DSM 16431
Authors: Fritzenwanker Moritz , Kuenne Carsten , Billion Andre , Hain Torsten , Zimmermann Kurt , Goesmann Alexander , Chakraborty Trinad , Domann Eugen 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete and annotated genome sequence of the probiotic
Enterococcus faecalis
Symbioflor 1 clone DSM 16431, included in a commercial probiotic product used for more than 50 years without any reports of infection. This sequence will provide new insights into the biology of this nonpathogenic and probiotic microorganism.