bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of Energy Transition in Poland with an Emphasis on Environmental, Economic and Technical Aspects
Authors: Nowak K , Michalak J , Złotecka D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this article four paths of energy transition in Poland were compared within selected aspects. Perspectives of reducing human, environmental and economic cost of power generation were main motivations. Research analysed Polish Energy Policy by 2040, its unapproved update, back-to-coal and zero-nuclear scenarios. These scenarios differed in available power capacities and energy production. Current policies are outdated and insufficient, since wind and solar power capacities in 2023 almost exceeded levels expected for 2035. In scenarios with a high pace of coal phase-out emissions of CO2, SO2, and NOx are notably reduced. CO2 emissions per energy unit can decrease from 779 gCO2/kWh in 2022 to 188 gCO2/kWh in 2040. Rapid transformation scenarios had significantly lower cost of buying allowances in EU ETS. Without creating other capacities, power shortages may occur if Poland’s nuclear energy program proves unsuccessful. According to analysed scenarios, power gap might happen in late 2030s. Calculations and data visualisations were conducted in Python using custom scripts.
Development of water vapor recovery membrane for efficient recycling system
Authors: Horiguchi Towa , Muto Takahiro , Taguchi Miwa , Nomura Mikihiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In wastewater treatment at semiconductor plants separation operations are currently conducted mainly by distillation. Membrane distillation using ceramic surface-treated membranes is expected to provide more efficient separation. In this study, we investigated the improvement of acid resistance of surface-treated ceramic membranes by using four silicon alkoxides, Hexamethyldisiloxane(HMDS), Dimethyldimethoxysilane(DMDMOS), 3,3,3-Trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane (TFPrTMOS), Tetramethoxysilane(TMOS) were used as surface treatment and it was performed in the gas phase. The water vapor permeance of the TFPrTMOS surface treated membrane was 2.35✕10−6 [mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1], and it maintained its functionality after immersion in a 10 wt% sulfuric acid solution under 60°C for 170 h. The membrane with multiple surface treatments with TFPrTMOS showed an increase in acid resistance to 491h, indicating that unreacted alkoxide affected the degradation. The water vapor permeance of the TFPrTMOS-DMDMOS treated membrane combined silicon alkoxides was 2.85✕10−6[mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1] and the acid resistance was 687 h. It is possible that DMDMOS acted as a cross-linker in modifying the unreacted alkoxide portion of the membrane, leading to improved resistance.
Management of compressed air expansion dynamics in piston expander by pressure and heat impingement
Authors: Markowski Jan , Gryboś Dominik , Leszczyński Jacek , Kubala Piotr 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Scientists and engineers recognise the main disadvantage of microscale compressed air energy storage (CAES) installations as their low round-trip storage efficiency. This is attributed to the unstable generation of electrical energy, associated with pressure fluctuations during the discharge of the air tank, and the exothermic and endothermic nature of the compression and expansion processes. Here, we focus on operational processes where Hutchinson’s theory of impinging pressure feeding the piston expander and Steinfeld’s experiments on thermal energy storage will be implemented. Hutchinson’s theory involves air wave impinging on a cylinder, transporting energy and momentum that are converted into the motion of the piston. Control of the heat input is crucial to increase the thermodynamic efficiency of the gas expansion process in the expander, involving the selection of the input location and method to achieve a process as close to isothermal as possible. The essence of this approach lies in selecting a compressed air expansion and heat injection strategy to be pulsed, intermittent, or continuous to achieve the highest possible expander efficiency. Computer simulations showed that with proper heat management efficiency can increase by 0.12.
Artificial Neural Networks as Efficient Models of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Przepiórski Michał , Moździerz Marcin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Utilization of machine learning methodologies, particularly artificial neural networks (ANNs), presents a good approach to accurately model physical systems. Such predictive simulations offer the ability to predict system performance across diverse operational conditions without the need of use mathematical descriptions. This approach contrast with traditional, time-consuming and unstable approaches reliant on partial differential equations. In this study, ANN methodology is used to obtain the characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFC are low temperature devices which convert chemical energy into electricity. This devices are promising applications in the automotive sector. Utilizing data gained from computational fluid dynamics simulations of PEMFCs, was explored various data collection techniques and network architectures to check their impact on predictive fidelity. Conclusions show that the ANN-based framework enables rapid prediction of current-voltage characteristics, achieving accuracy levels surpassing 90%. Practical of machine learning model implications were discussed, accenting its utility in optimizing PEMFC operational parameters and its potential integration within digital twin frameworks as a data-driven surrogate model. This study underscores the efficiency of machine learning techniques in advancing the comprehension and optimization of complex physical systems such as PEM-FCs, thereby paving the way for their use in engineering and energy sectors.
UAV path planning method based on modeling in complex forest environment
Authors: Chen Jiahui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Using drones in forest fire prevention and geological surveys is becoming increasingly widespread, but it also brings safety hazards. Due to the complex forest environment, drones face issues such as low stability, long path planning, and inefficient dynamic obstacle avoidance. If a drone crashes in such an environment, it may trigger wildfires, causing enormous losses. Therefore, correct and safe drone path planning is crucial. However, current drone path planning often only considers reducing time and distance, neglecting risk costs. Hence, this paper proposes a drone path planning method based on third-party risk modeling. This approach optimizes terrain maps by considering obstacles, and forming a three-dimensional risk map. It uses ant colony algorithms to assess risks and re-implement path planning. The research shows that in planning new routes, the minimum path length is significantly lower than the average path length, reducing risks and improving path planning efficiency. This makes drone path planning more convenient and reliable. This study’s findings apply to drone path planning in high-risk areas.
Behaviour of liquefaction for Darbandikhan Dam consequence impact of seismic load
Authors: Abbas Mohammed Omar , Mohammed Salih Ameen Ameen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Embankment dams are at risk of damage due to the impact of earthquakes. Rock-filled dam structures are especially vulnerable to earthquakes. To assess the impact of earthquakes, it is important to study liquefaction, which is a significant factor affecting the dynamic behavior of the dams. This study aims to determine the probability that the Darbandikhan rock-fill dam on the (Sirwan- Diyala) river in Iraq may liquefy using two-dimensional numerical modelling and finite element analysis, which is located in Alsulamaniyah north of the capital of Iraq, Baghdad 230 km. The simulation results are compared in terms of different water levels 434, 472, and 485m.a.s.l., different peak accelerations of the earthquakes (0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08) and different duration of earthquakes 25, 50, 75, and 100sec. As, a result the liquefaction zone increases with increasing upstream water level, acceleration, and duration. So, when the maximum operation water level was 485 m, the percentage of liquefaction area was 20% at peak acceleration of 0.08 g, and a duration of 100s. After that, the liquefaction zone decreases with a decreasing upstream water level of 472 m, for the same acceleration and duration of up to 12.5%. However, this percentage when the minimum water level of 434 m, acceleration 0.08g, and duration 100s, decreases by 65% from the liquefaction zone at elevation 485 m.a.s.l.
Effect of Soil Degree of Saturation on Pile Lateral Resistance at Different L/D Ratios
Authors: Mohammed Saeed Lateef J. , Majeed Qutaiba G. , Jalut Qassem H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study had performed the investigation of behavior for single pile inserted in clay soil. The test was performed under lateral resistance by using different degrees of saturation (Sr.=100, 80, 60, and 40%). A pile of 15x15 mm cross section with different slenderness ratios (L/D) (24, 30, and 36) employed in the study. A steel box with (60x40x60 cm) filled with clay soil layers having density of 16 kN/m3 at different degrees of saturation. The matric suction measured using Em50 potential sensors. The impact of saturation degree, matric suction and slenderness ratio on pile lateral resistance is examined. The results illustrate that pile lateral resistance influenced considerably by the saturation degree, matric suction, and slenderness ratio. The results showed that when saturation degree reduced from 100% to (80, 60, and 40%) lateral resistance of pile increased at all L/D used (24, 30, and 36). As example lateral resistance of pile of L/D (24) at saturated condition (Sr.=100%) is (65 N), by decreasing Sr. to (80, 60, and 40%) Lateral resistance becomes (210, 165, and 100 N) respectively, the percent increase in lateral resistance was (223, 154, and 54%) respectively.
Laterally and Vertically Loaded Batter Piles: An Overview
Authors: Ibrahim Hussain Qassim , Al-Neami Mohammed A. , Rahil Falah H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Piles subjected to lateral forces are commonly employed in scenarios were structures face significant lateral pressures. Various structures, including chimneys, towers, docks, harbors, and high-rise buildings, make use of both batter and vertical piles. The literature encompasses a variety of approaches to address issues related to piles under lateral loads, with a preference for the p-y method. This study investigates analytical solutions proposed by different researchers for both batter and vertical pile scenarios. Research experiments show that negative batter piles demonstrate significant strength against lateral loads in comparison to their vertical equivalents. Analytical solutions were used to derive deflection values, and these were compared with model tests, revealing a satisfactory level of agreement. Additionally, the study explores the numerical simulations conducted by different scholars concerning the structural modeling of both vertical and batter piles.
Geotechnical Engineering and Geological Study for Soil of Hilla District in Babylon Governorate in Iraq
Authors: Al-Amar Haider A. S. , Alkhalidy Amer A. L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A geotechnical, geological and physical properties of soil in Hilla city in middle of Iraq was conducted, three boreholes over geotechnical purposes were examined. The analysis of the soil was performed in the laboratory of Babylon University / College of Science, using samples of three boreholes dug in the study area. furthermore examining the ground water impacts assessment to identify any problems that occurring in study site. The most soil at the site is a cohesive mixture of brown silty clay and clayey silt. In accordance to the unified soil classification system (USCS), the soil that cohesive is clay (CL) Clay with low plasticity. In addition to poorly graded silty sand, small graded layers of coherence-less silty sand were observed at various locations. The liquid limit (LL) of the samples is ranges from 41 to 46%, with a average of 43.3% . The plastic limit (PI)of samples ranges from 23 to 26% with average of 24.3%, and the Activity (A) values which is less than 0.75 % are classified as inactive clays. The active clays typically have activity ranges from 0.75 to 1.25% . The activity of sample greater than 1.25% are active of clay ; however, the test findings show that the majority of the sample of soil had activity less than 0.75%, indicating inactive clay. The chemical examinations of the soil revealed that the proportions of sulfates (SO3) ranges from 0.26 to 1.1% with average of 0.76 %, total soluble salts (TSS) ranges from 2.16 to 8.59% with average of 5.91%, organic matter (ORG) ranges from 0.41 to 0.65% with average of0.52%, gypsum content ranges from 1.7 to 4.62% with average of 3.41%, calcium carbonates content (CaCO3) ranges from 2 to 8% with average of 5.4%, PH ranges from 7.8 to 8.1 with average of 7.9 and chloride (Cl) ranges from 0.04 to 0.051% with average of 0.044 %.The groundwater table is approximately 1.70 m below the ground level. The leakage of water surrounding the foundations could cause erosion beneath the foundations.
Assessing the Environmental Footprint of the Cement Industry: A Pathway to Sustainable Development
Authors: Abdulwadood Huda W. , Hameed Reem Sh. , Mustafa Reem I. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Achieving a connection between sustainability processes and environmental protection, or what is known as sustainable development, requires paying more attention to environmental and sustainability issues for various projects and their effects on environmental problems. It involves determining the most appropriate ways to deal with them within pillars of sustainability (environmental, social, economic, and natural resources. As cement is a fundamental component of industrial services and construction in cities, it has a direct and significant interaction with the development process, making it one of the most important industries in Iraq. Because of the clinker particles and combustion gases that are released by the furnaces, this industry is recognized as one of the most polluting sectors of the economy. The effects of these polluted sites create negative impacts on the environment through their impact on green lands and cities adjacent to cement factories, leading to a decrease in tree growth and their spread areas, as well as their impact on residential communities and various other health and environmental impacts. Works and residential areas near cement factories are infected with respiratory and nervous system diseases, difficulty breathing, impact on mucous membranes, bronchitis, asthma, allergies, pharyngeal irritation, and direct impact on the nervous system if the necessary prevention methods and pollution reduction measures are not used.
Studying the Properties of the Contaminated Soil Mixed with Organic Compost
Authors: Hassan Noor Al-Huda S. , Mohamed Zainab B. , Karim Ibtisam R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As a result of high levels of food consumption and general economic expansion, there has been a concomitant increase in the amount of organic waste produced. This increase was the result of significant advances in agricultural production techniques. Good waste management is one of the most effective ways to restore levels of depleted organic substances in the soil by re-entering carbon into the system in the form of organic inputs. Fertilization is a means of treating wastes that have increased their popularity over the years. In this research, two experiments were conducted. The first is C/N 50% in winter and the second is an unspecified C/N study in summer of the characteristics affecting the application after mixing 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% fertilizer with soil contaminated with organic pollutants from Aldora refinery in Baghdad. These characteristics are (Specific gravity, Falling Head permeability, TDs, SO3, Unconfined compressive strength). It has been found that there is an inverse relationship between the Specific gravity and the compost percentage. The permeability and Unconfined compressive strength are increasing with increased compost, and salts and SO3 depend on their concentration in both contaminated soil and fertilizer. From these results, it is possible to take advantage of this fertilizer produced to improve some soil properties, especially silty clay soil, not only in the field of agriculture, improving the soil and strengthening it for plant growth.
Assessing Interface Friction in Sand Treated Clayey Soil-Concrete Composites
Authors: Nadhir Ali Alshareef Huda , Hamed Majid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Understanding the fundamental mechanisms governing friction mobilization at the interface between construction materials and soil is crucial for the design and performance assessment of conventional underground structures like footing, piles, and anchors. This research investigates the interface friction behavior between concrete construction materials and clayey soil, treated with varying sand content of (0%, 20%, 30%, and 40%). Additionally, two levels of water content were examined for each sand content: 8.5% and 17%. The friction angle generated between the solid surface and soil was calculated through experimental tests conducted by using shear test, with three different normal stresses that have been applied at a rate of 0.25 mm/min. The results indicate showed that created friction resistance between the clayey soil and concrete construction material is influenced by both sand and water contents. The increase in the percentages of the interface friction angle when the soil is treated with sand at a water content of 8.5% varied. It was approximately 4, 11, and 15% for sand contents of 20, 30, and 40%, respectively. Similarly, when the clayey soil was treated with the same sand dosages at a water content of 17%, the percentage increase in the interface friction angle differed. It amounted to 5%, 13%, and 27% for sand contents of 20, 30, and 40%, respectively.
Distinctive properties and structure of a block rock massif in assessing the stability of slopes in the deposits of Kyrgyzstan.
Authors: Gulzat Asanbekovna Kadyralieva , Aida Kubanychbekovna Orozobekova , Elzat Baktybekovna Sherimbekova , Dinara Raketaevna Shamyrova 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the issues of slope stability in the open-pit mining of mineral deposits are considered if the slope is composed of a block structure of an array of rocks. The block structure is usually characteristic of upland quarries. It has been established that the presence of crack systems in the side massif forms a block structure and leads to disjunctive disturbances with loss of stability of individual blocks and it is not possible to calculate the stability of such a rock mass using methods for an isotropic massif. In this regard, the authors carried out work on the study of a blocky rock mass and conducted laboratory studies. The paper presents the results of field observations of the study of the mechanism of destruction of such a rock mass structure and the results of laboratory tests of the shear resistance of a separate block depending on the thickness, humidity between the block filler and the shear angle.
Determination of safe parameters of storage overburden dumps on slopes during the development of upland deposits
Authors: Zulfiia Atamyrzaevna Asilova , Kulumkan Asanovna Kokumbaeva , Nurgul Tashtanovna Osmonova , Keneshbek Zhumabekovich Usenov 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Dumping during open-pit mining of upland deposits is one of the most difficult problems when storing overburden dumps on mountain slopes. Dump formation is accompanied by deformations of the dumps, which depend on the properties of the overburden rocks, in particular lumpiness, humidity. In order to ensure the safety of work on the dump, dump operations can be conditionally divided into dump formation with ensuring the stability of the dump tiers at all stages of the formation of the array and dump formation under controlled deformation conditions. In this article, the authors present the results of calculations of the stability of the overburden dump formed over mountainous terrain in the gold deposit of Kyrgyzstan.
Features of assessing the stability of the open pit - overburden dump geotechnical system during the development of upland deposits in an open-pit manner
Authors: Zulfiia Atamyrzaevna Asilova , Gulshair Tynybekovna Mamatova , Kulumkan Asanovna Kokumbaeva , Zhakyp Bakirovich Shamiev 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The main criterion for mining operations in the development of upland deposits by open-pit mining is the safety of their operation, and therefore the assessment of the stability of the geotechnical system is always relevant and requires a special approach and study. The article reveals the features of the assessment of the geotechnical system of the open pit - overburden dump of the a mountainous, consisting in studying the interaction of the geological and geomechanical environment. The factors of both the geological and geomechanical environment affecting the change in the natural stress state of the studied object are described. A scheme for evaluating a geotechnical system has been constructed, the essence of which is to study the elements of both the geological and geomechanical environment.
Combining Bourgoyne and Young Equations by Bagging Tree Regression to Predict Rate of Penetration in a Southern Iraqi Field, Case Study
Authors: Al-Assad Ebrahim A. , Hamd-Allah Sameera M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Achieving an accurate and optimal rate of penetration (ROP) is critical for a cost-effective and safe drilling operation. While different techniques have been used to achieve this goal, each approach has limitations, prompting researchers to seek solutions. This study’s objective is to conduct the strategy of combining the Bourgoyne and Young (BYM) ROP equations with Bagging Tree regression in a southern Iraqi field. Although BYM equations are commonly used and widespread to estimate drilling rates, they need more specific drilling parameters to capture different ROP complexities. The Bagging Tree algorithm, a random forest variant, addresses these limitations by blending domain knowledge and capturing non-linear relationships. Its ensemble nature also mitigates the impact of outliers. This approach combines physics-based equations with machine learning to enable more accurate ROP predictions in drilling operations. It enhances drilling efficiency, reduces expenses, and improves decision-making in the oil and gas sector. Extensive testing on actual drilling datasets has demonstrated outstanding performance compared to the multiple linear regression (MLR) method. With the increased R2 and zero P-value. positive findings show that this tool can benefit precise future ROP prediction in southern Iraqi oil well drilling.