bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The protective effect of physical activity on mental health of middle school students at different stages during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Dong Ru-bao , Dou Kai-yun , Huang Jiaben , Wang Ronghua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to further understand the changes in physical activity level(PAL) and mental health among adolescents before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 and explore the protective role of physical activity (PA) on the mental health of adolescents during major disasters. A convenient sampling method was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey. The cross-sectional data from 2838 Chinese middle school students (mean age = 14.91 ± 1.71 years, 49.54% female) were used, of which 1,471 and 1,367 were in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The PAL was collected using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-CN), mental health status was collected using the Mental Health Inventory of Middle School Students (MMHI-60), sociodemographic information was collected using a self-reported questionnaire. Before and after the outbreak of COVID-19, the PAL of adolescents was 2.36 ± 0.74 and 2.50 ± 0.66, respectively, with a significant difference (p < 0.01, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.19). The mental health scores were 1.71 ± 0.60 and 1.86 ± 0.73, respectively, with a significant difference (p < 0.01, 95% CI: − 0.20, − 0.10). The detection rates of mental health problems were 27.50% and 35.50%, respectively. The rates of achieving PAL standards were 30.20% and 18.00% among adolescents, while the rates of not achieving PAL standards were 39.60% and 18.00%. PA is a protective factor for the mental health of adolescents during major disasters.
New combined experimental and DFT studies for adsorption of sole Azo-dye or binary cationic dyes from aqueous solution
Authors: Ibrahim Shaimaa M. , Al-Harby Nouf F. , El-Molla Sahar. A. , Ibrahim EL-Shimaa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTextile-toxic synthetic dyes, which possess complex aromatic structures, are emitted into wastewater from various branches. To address this issue, the adsorption process was applied as an attractive method for the removal of dye contaminants from water in this article. An unprecedented integrated experimental study has been carried out, accompanied by theoretical simulations at the DFT-B3LYP/6-31G (d,P) level of theory to investigate how single Maxilon Blue GRL (MxB) dye or and its mixture with MG (Malachite Green) dyes interact with the adsorbent and compare the obtained results with the data obtained through experimentation. The full geometry optimization revealed the physical adsorption of dyes on the Al2O3 surface. Non-linear optical properties (NLO) results emphasized that the complex MG-Al2O3-MxB is a highly promising material in photo-applications, and the adsorbed binary system is energetically more favorable compared to the adsorbed sole dye system. The experimental results for (MxB) dye adsorption onto γ-Al2O3 affirmed that the optimum conditions to get more than 98% uptake were at dye concentration 100 ppm, pH 10, adsorbent content 0.05 g, and equilibrium time only 20 min. The kinetic and isothermal studies revealed that the adsorption accepted with the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. The removal efficiency of the mixture of MxB and MG dyes was the highest but did not change clearly with increasing the % of any of them. The details of the interaction mechanisms of the sole and binary dyes were proven.
Single-cell transcriptome profiling highlights the importance of telocyte, kallikrein genes, and alternative splicing in mouse testes aging
Authors: Guo Wuyier , Zhang Ziyan , Kang Jiahui , Gao Yajing , Qian Peipei , Xie Gangcai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdvancing healthcare for elderly men requires a deeper understanding of testicular aging processes. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic profiling of 43,323 testicular single cells from young and old mice, shedding light on 1032 telocytes—an underexplored testicular cell type in previous research. Our study unveiled 916 age-related differentially expressed genes (age-DEGs), with telocytes emerging as the cell type harboring the highest count of age-DEGs. Of particular interest, four genes (Klk1b21, Klk1b22, Klk1b24, Klk1b27) from the Kallikrein family, specifically expressed in Leydig cells, displayed down-regulation in aged testes. Moreover, cell-type-level splicing analyses unveiled 1838 age-related alternative splicing (AS) events. While we confirmed the presence of more age-DEGs in somatic cells compared to germ cells, unexpectedly, more age-related AS events were identified in germ cells. Further experimental validation highlighted 4930555F03Rik, a non-coding RNA gene exhibiting significant age-related AS changes. Our study represents the first age-related single-cell transcriptomic investigation of testicular telocytes and Kallikrein genes in Leydig cells, as well as the first delineation of cell-type-level AS dynamics during testicular aging in mice.
Core and surface structure and magnetic properties of mechano-synthesized LaFeO3 nanoparticles and their Eu3+-doped and Eu3+/Cr3+-co-doped variants
Authors: Al-Mamari R. T. , Widatallah H. M. , Elzain M. E. , Gismelseed A. M. , Al-Rawas A. D. , Al-Harthi S. H. , Myint M. T. Z. , Al-Saqri N. , Al-Abri M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe core and surface structure and magnetic properties of mechano synthesized LaFeO3 nanoparticles (30–40 nm), their Eu3+-doped (La0.70Eu0.30FeO3), and Eu3+/Cr3+ co-doped (La0.70Eu0.30Fe0.95Cr0.05O3) variants are reported. Doping results in a transition from the O′-type to the O-type distorted structure. Traces of reactants, intermediate phases, and a small amount of Eu2+ ions were detected on the surfaces of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles consist of antiferromagnetic cores flanked by ferromagnetic shells. The Eu3+ dopant ions enhance the magnetization values relative to those of the pristine nanoparticles and result in magnetic susceptibilities compatible with the presence of Eu3+ van Vleck paramagnetism of spin–orbit coupling constant (λ = 363 cm−1) and a low temperature Curie–Weiss like behavior associated with the minority Eu2+ ions. Anomalous temperature-dependent magnetic hardening due to competing magnetic anisotropy and magnetoelectric coupling effects together with a temperature-dependent dopant-sensitive exchange bias, caused by thermally activated spin reversals at the core of the nanoparticles, were observed.
Short-read full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing for characterisation of the respiratory bacteriome of captive and free-ranging African elephants (Loxodonta africana)
Authors: Martin Lauren C. , O’Hare Michaela A. , Ghielmetti Giovanni , Twesigomwe David , Kerr Tanya J. , Gumbo Rachiel , Buss Peter E. , Kitchin Natasha , Hemmings Sian M. J. , Miller Michele A. , Goosen Wynand J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHypervariable region sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene plays a critical role in microbial ecology by offering insights into bacterial communities within specific niches. While providing valuable genus-level information, its reliance on data from targeted genetic regions limits its overall utility. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have enabled characterisation of the full-length 16S rRNA gene, enhancing species-level classification. Although current short-read platforms are cost-effective and precise, they lack full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing capability. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a modified 150 bp paired-end full-length 16S rRNA amplicon short-read sequencing technique on the Illumina iSeq 100 and 16S rRNA amplicon assembly workflow by utilising a standard mock microbial community and subsequently performing exploratory characterisation of captive (zoo) and free-ranging African elephant (Loxodonta africana) respiratory microbiota. Our findings demonstrate that, despite generating assembled amplicons averaging 869 bp in length, this sequencing technique provides taxonomic assignments consistent with the theoretical composition of the mock community and respiratory microbiota of other mammals. Tentative bacterial signatures, potentially representing distinct respiratory tract compartments (trunk and lower respiratory tract) were visually identified, necessitating further investigation to gain deeper insights into their implication for elephant physiology and health.
Hidden orders and phase transitions for the fully packed quantum loop model on the triangular lattice
Authors: Ran Xiaoxue , Yan Zheng , Wang Yan-Cheng , Samajdar Rhine , Rong Junchen , Sachdev Subir , Qi Yang , Meng Zi Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractQuantum loop and dimer models are prototypical correlated systems with local constraints, which are not only intimately connected to lattice gauge theories and topological orders but are also widely applicable to the broad research areas of quantum materials and quantum simulation. Employing our sweeping cluster quantum Monte Carlo algorithm, we reveal the complete phase diagram of the triangular-lattice fully packed quantum loop model. Apart from the known lattice nematic (LN) solid and the even $${{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}$$

Z

2

quantum spin liquid (QSL) phases, we discover a hidden vison plaquette (VP) phase, which had been overlooked and misinterpreted as a QSL for more than a decade. Moreover, the VP-to-QSL continuous transition belongs to the (2 + 1)D cubic* universality class, which offers a lattice realization of the (fractionalized) cubic fixed point that had long been considered as irrelevant towards the O(3) symmetry until corrected recently by conformal bootstrap calculations. Our results are therefore of relevance to recent developments in both experiments and theory, and facilitate further investigations of hidden phases and transitions.
Experimental observation of violent relaxation
Authors: Braidotti Maria Chiara , Lovisetto Martino , Prizia Radivoje , Michel Claire , Didier Clamond , Bellec Matthieu , Wright Ewan M. , Marcos Bruno , Faccio Daniele 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStructures in the Universe, ranging from globular clusters to entire galaxies, are not described by standard statistical mechanics at equilibrium. Instead, they are formed through a process of a very different nature, called violent relaxation that is now known to be possible also in other systems that exhibit long-range interactions. This mechanism was proposed theoretically and modelled numerically, but never directly observed in any physical system. Here, we develop a table-top experiment allowing us to directly observe violent relaxation in an optical setting. The resulting optical dynamics can also be likened to the formation of an analogue 2D-galaxy through the analogy of the underlying equations, where we can control a range of parameters, including the nonlocal interacting potential, allowing us to emulate the physics of gravitational quantum and classical dark matter models.
Formation of silicic crust on early Earth and young planetary bodies in an Iceland-like setting
Authors: Law Sally , Hastie Alan R. , Young Lindsay A. , Thordarson Thor 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFour billion years ago, Earth’s surface was covered with a thick basaltic crust and, similar to other rocky planets and the Moon, parts of this basaltic crust underwent partial melting to produce silicic crust. On Earth, silicic crust grew into the continents. An analogue of a pre-subduction early Earth and rocky planetary bodies is found in Iceland, where poorly understood granitic rocks are encased in thick basaltic crust away from any active subduction zone. Here, we investigate these Icelandic granitoids to understand the mechanisms that generated the Earth’s oldest continents, and silicic rocks on Mars and Venus. New geochemical data from silicic Icelandic intrusions, show that the granitoids are formed through partial melting of the Icelandic crust, but are compositionally unlike early Earth continental material. We show that intra-crustal partial melting of basalt can potentially form silicic material on other planetary bodies but cannot produce the first continents on Earth.
Electroencephalographic Classification Reveals Atypical Speech Motor Planning in Stuttering Adults
Authors: Kinahan Sean P. , Saidi Pouria , Daliri Ayoub , Liss Julie , Berisha Visar 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
This study explores speech motor planning in adults who stutter (AWS) and adults who do not stutter (ANS) by applying machine learning algorithms to electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. In this study, we developed a technique to holistically examine neural activity differences in speaking and silent reading conditions across the entire cortical surface. This approach allows us to test the hypothesis that AWS will exhibit lower separability of the speech motor planning condition.

Method:
We used the silent reading condition as a control condition to isolate speech motor planning activity. We classified EEG signals from AWS and ANS individuals into speaking and silent reading categories using kernel support vector machines. We used relative complexities of the learned classifiers to compare speech motor planning discernibility for both classes.

Results:
AWS group classifiers require a more complex decision boundary to separate speech motor planning and silent reading classes.

Conclusions:
These findings indicate that the EEG signals associated with speech motor planning are less discernible in AWS, which may result from altered neuronal dynamics in AWS. Our results support the hypothesis that AWS exhibit lower inherent separability of the silent reading and speech motor planning conditions. Further investigation may identify and compare the features leveraged for speech motor classification in AWS and ANS. These observations may have clinical value for developing novel speech therapies or assistive devices for AWS.
Telepractice in Aphasia: Troubleshooting and Planning Assessments Using the Virtual-Appropriate Decision Approach
Authors: Weatherill Maryanne , Tibus Elizabeth O. , Rodriguez Amy D. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
This article describes the use of the Virtual-Appropriate Decision Approach (VADA). VADA is a systematic data gathering and problem-solving approach for planning and troubleshooting human, setting, and technology-related issues that may arise when conducting aphasia assessments via telepractice. Case examples are provided to illustrate and discuss its application for clinical and research settings.

Method:
We describe how VADA was used to analyze and mitigate challenges during administration of aphasia assessments in five (four cisgender males, one cisgender female) research participants via telepractice. Case discussions are organized by aphasia types and identify a variety of human, setting, and technology-related issues, which are analyzed via the VADA framework. Successes, challenges, and recommendations for conducting aphasia assessment via telepractice are included for each case.

Conclusions:
Unique challenges exist when using telepractice to conduct clinically valid standardized aphasia assessments for research or in the clinic. VADA is a systematic process to gather, analyze, evaluate, and address human, setting, and technology factors that impact aphasia assessments conducted via telepractice. The use of aphasia-friendly printed materials, assistance from communication partners, and similar task practice were adaptations that helped facilitate the assessment process.
A lightweight underwater fish image semantic segmentation model based on U‐Net
Authors: Zhang Zhenkai , Li Wanghua , Seet Boon‐Chong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSemantic segmentation of underwater fish images is vital for monitoring fish stocks, assessing marine resources, and sustaining fisheries. To tackle challenges such as low segmentation accuracy, inadequate real‐time performance, and imprecise location segmentation in current methods, a novel lightweight U‐Net model is proposed. The proposed model acquires more segmentation details by applying a multiple‐input approach at the first four encoder levels. To achieve both lightweight and high accuracy, a multi‐scale residual structure (MRS) module is proposed to reduce parameters and compensate for the accuracy loss caused by the reduction of channels. To improve segmentation accuracy, a multi‐scale skip connection (MSC) structure is further proposed, and the convolution block attention mechanism (CBAM) is introduced at the end of each decoder level for weight adjustment. Experimental results demonstrate a notable reduction in model volume, parameters, and floating‐point operations by 94.20%, 94.39%, and 51.52% respectively, compared to the original model. The proposed model achieves a high mean intersection over union (mIOU) of 94.44%, mean pixel accuracy (mPA) of 97.03%, and a frame rate of 43.62 frames per second (FPS). With its high precision and minimal parameters, the model strikes a balance between accuracy and speed, making it particularly suitable for underwater image segmentation.
A flare removal network for night vision perception: Resistant to the interference of complex light
Authors: Liu Yan , Huang Guan , Qi Wenting , Li Yujie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe high‐precision visual perception results are easily affected by the lens flare issue when the image sensor is facing to strong light. The existing flare removal methods have poor robustness when confronted with flare interference caused by complex nighttime lighting, which has to preserve natural light source information. A simulated dataset for the removal of night flares is created to solve the problem of collecting complete paired training data, and night flare removal network (NFR‐Net) is proposed to remove the interference caused by various light disturbances at night. The light source extraction module is introduced to retain light source information realistically and effectively in night vision scenes. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the existing related methods in the various complex night vision scenes. The proposed NFR‐Net can enhance visual perception of nighttime images significantly and improve the performance of night vision tasks.
Decoupled dual‐channel loosely coupled transformer with hybrid nanocrystalline and ferrite core for current sharing of modular wireless power transfer system
Authors: Han Yu , Tian Zihan , Li Liangchen , Li Song , Yang Fuyao , Chen Jiaqi , Fan Rong , Zhao Haisen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCross‐coupling and current sharing are the main problems faced by modular wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electric vehicle (EV) applications. In this study, a decoupled dual‐channel wireless power transfer loosely coupled transformer (LCT) with a hybrid core composed of nanocrystalline and ferrite is proposed for modular WPT systems, as well as WPT systems with specific hybrid topology or detuned compensation. Firstly, the requirements of the LCT for modular parallel dual‐channel WPT system and detuned compensation are discussed. For these requirements, the structure and corresponding optimization design method of the decoupled dual‐channel LCT with a hybrid core is then proposed, and an LCT is designed with this method for the case study. Furthermore, the LCT is analysed by the finite element method (FEM). It is revealed that the mutual inductances of the proposed LCT between transmitting and receiving coils can be symmetrical under misalignment in multiple directions, while the cross‐coupling is eliminated. Finally, the designed LCT is manufactured and verified in a modular parallel dual‐channel WPT system. The experimental results show that the current and power sharing is realized under misalignment in multiple directions.
Parameter identification of PLL for grid‐connected inverter based on parameter sensitivity analysis
Authors: Li Fei , Feng Qiang , Chen Ping , Liu Yang , Cai Shuiliang , Wang Hanyu , Zhang Xing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnder the condition of weak grid, the phase‐locked loop (PLL) is one of the main reasons for the sub‐synchronous oscillation of the grid‐connected inverter. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the PLL parameters of the grid‐connected inverter for the analysis of the inverter operating performance. This paper uses the sequence impedance model and measured impedance data of grid‐connected inverter to construct the identification function for parameter identification of PLL, and the function is calculated by particle swarm optimization algorithm to overcome the nonlinear problem of sequence impedance model. In addition, the identification frequency band is selected based on PLL parameter sensitivity to improve the parameter identification accuracy under the same impedance measurement error. At different frequencies, the positive correlation between the sensitivity of the PLL parameters and the identification accuracy is proven to determine the definite frequency band for PLL parameter identification of grid‐connected inverter. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the above research are verified by simulation and semi‐physical experiments.
Zusammenhänge zwischen Körperkondition von Milchkühen im peripartalen
Zeitraum und ausgewählten Stoffwechselparametern unter Berücksichtigung
verschiedener Rassen
Authors: Panne Nicola Carina , Gerke Julia Sophia , Kammer Martin , Plattner Stefan , Unger Sarah , Baumgartner Christian , Mansfeld Rolf 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie beschreiben die Zusammenhänge zwischen
der Körperkondition von Milchkühen und ausgewählten Stoffwechselparametern im
Blut im peri- und postpartalen Zeitraum unter Berücksichtigung dreier hiesiger
Milchviehrassen in Oberbayern und im Allgäu.
Material und Methoden Kühe von 3 Milchviehrassen (Braunvieh [BV],
Fleckvieh [FL], Holstein Friesian [HF]) wurden auf 68 Betrieben in
Süddeutschland in 7 aufeinanderfolgenden Wochen untersucht. Sowohl bei
trockenstehenden Tieren als auch bei laktierenden (5.–65. Tag in Milch) wurden
Blutparameter (Beta-Hydroxy-Butyrat, Freie Fettsäuren, Creatinin,
Aspartat-Aminotransferase, Gamma-Glutamyltransferase, Glutamatdehydrogenase,
Gesamtprotein, Albumin, Creatinkinase) und Körperkondition (Body Condition Score
[BCS], Rückenfettdicke [RFD]) untersucht. Für die Datenauswertung wurden
explorative und deskriptive Statistik genutzt.
Ergebnisse Betrachtet man die Differenz der Ergebnisse der
Konditionsbewertungen vor und nach der Kalbung, wies das FL bei der RFD die
geringste Differenz auf. Bei FL und BV ließ sich eine Tendenz zu höheren
RFD-Werten bei erstlaktierenden Kühen erkennen. Sowohl bei dem FL als auch bei
dem HF lagen die NEFA-Werte der höherlaktierenden Kühe unter den Werten der
Erstlaktierenden. Die höherlaktierenden BV- und FL-Tiere wiesen höhere BHB-Werte
auf. Die Korrelation zwischen RFD und BCS zeigte bei den HF-Kühen das höchste
R2 (0,53). BV und FL lagen mit 0,42 (BV) bzw. 0,37 (FL) darunter.
Die BHB-Werte aller 3 Rassen stiegen in den Wochen 2–4 post partum an. Die
NEFA-Werte waren bei allen 3 Rassen vorrangig in der 1.–3. Woche p.p. erhöht,
wenn die RFD p.p. abnahm. Die NEFA-Werte waren am höchsten, wenn die
Körperkonditionsabnahme und somit die Fettmobilisation am größten waren.
Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Körperkonditionsbeurteilung (BCS
auf Einzeltier- und Herdenebene, RFD auf Einzeltierebene) ist ein wichtiges
Instrument für das Tiergesundheitsmonitoring. Durch die erkennbare
Rassespezifität kann expliziter auf die Milchviehherden eingegangen werden. Ziel
ist es, den Energiehaushalt der Kühe in der Frühlaktation optimal zu steuern, um
die Gesundheit der Tiere zu erhalten.