bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tests and applications of nonlinear force-free field extrapolations in spherical geometry
Authors: Guo Y. , Ding M. D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe test a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) optimization code in spherical geometry with an analytical solution from Low and Lou. The potential field source surface (PFSS) model is served as the initial and boundary conditions where observed data are not available. The analytical solution can be well recovered if the boundary and initial conditions are properly handled. Next, we discuss the preprocessing procedure for the noisy bottom boundary data, and find that preprocessing is necessary for NLFFF extrapolations when we use the observed photospheric magnetic field as bottom boundaries. Finally, we apply the NLFFF model to a solar area where four active regions interacting with each other. An M8.7 flare occurred in one active region. NLFFF modeling in spherical geometry simultaneously constructs the small and large scale magnetic field configurations better than the PFSS model does.
A small-scale EUV jet in the quiet Sun region
Authors: Hong Junchao , Jiang Yunchun , Zheng Ruisheng , Bi Yi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSolar jets are typical proxies of small-scale magnetic reconnection events in the solar atmosphere. In this paper, we observe a small-scale jet in a solar quiet region, using data from SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), with supplemental data from STEREO/EUVI. From HMI magnetograms and calculated photospheric flows, we find that the jet is related to the interaction between unipolar network fields and emerging internetwork bipoles at the boundary of a supergranular cell. In AIA extreme-ultraviolet images, the jet actually includes two successive plasma ejections along different directions. The first ejection follows a distorted path which guides plasma into a small filament channel nearby. However, the second one shot straight along another direction that is parallel with extrapolated potential magnetic field lines on the local. According to these observations, we advocate that during the jet eruption new emerging magnetic fields are reconnecting at the edge of the supergranular cell with different kinds of ambient fields from low (magnetic canopy) to high (high-reaching loops) to allow the occurrence of successive ejections along different directions.
SDO/AIA and Hinode/EIS observations of interaction between an EUV wave and active region loops
Authors: Yang Liheng , Zhang Jun , Li Ting , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe study an EUV wave initiated in active region (AR) 11261 on 2011 August 4 by using the SDO/AIA and the Hinode/EIS. We found that: (1) the EUV wave interacted with AR loops between AR 11261 and AR 11263, and exited mass flows in these loops. (2) EIS observations of AR loops in AR 11263 revealed that at the time of the wave transit, the original red-shifted feature had an increase of about 3 km s−1, and the original blue-shifted feature slightly weakened. These findings could be explained in the framework of a fast-mode magnetosonic wave interpretation for EUV waves.
Accuracy analysis and application of extrapolation of force-free fields in solar active and quiet regions
Authors: Liu Suo , Zhang Hongqi , Su Jiangtao , Song Mutao 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this paper, the availability, applicability and deviation of nonlinear force-free (NLFF) fields extrapolated by Approximate Vertical Integration (AVI), Boundary Integral Equation (BIE) and Optimization (Opt.) methods are studied based on the comparison with two semi-analytical fields (Low & Lou 1990). These NLFF extrapolations based on the observational vector magnetograms are used to study the spatial magnetic field in the quiet Sun.
Solar flares observed simultaneously with SphinX, GOES and RHESSI
Authors: Mrozek Tomasz , Gburek Szymon , Siarkowski Marek , Sylwester Barbara , Sylwester Janusz , Kępa Anna , Gryciuk Magdalena 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn February 2009, during recent deepest solar minimum, Polish Solar Photometer in X-rays (SphinX) begun observations of the Sun in the energy range of 1.2–15 keV. SphinX was almost 100 times more sensitive than GOES X-ray Sensors. The silicon PIN diode detectors used in the experiment were carefully calibrated on the ground using Synchrotron Radiation Source BESSY II. The SphinX energy range overlaps with the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) energy range. The instrument provided us with observations of hundreds of very small flares and X-ray brightenings. We have chosen a group of solar flares observed simultaneously with GOES, SphinX and RHESSI and performed spectroscopic analysis of observations wherever possible. The analysis of thermal part of the spectra showed that SphinX is a very sensitive complementary observatory for RHESSI and GOES.
Flares and non-potentiality of AR 11158
Authors: Song Qiao , Zhang Jun , Yang Shuhong , Liu Yang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFive non-potential parameters are calculated to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of vector magnetic field in active region 11158. An area that had evident changes of the azimuth of the vector magnetic field was found. The sunspot rotation may lead to an increase of the non-potentiality. Rapid and prominent increases are found in the variations of unsigned helicity.
Numerical simulations of the CME on 2010 April 8
Authors: Su Yingna , Kliem Bernhard , van Ballegooijen Adriaan , Deluca Edward 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe present 3D zero-beta ideal MHD simulations of the solar flare/CME event that occurred in Active Region 11060 on 2010 April 8. The initial magnetic configurations of the two simulations are stable nonlinear force-free field and unstable magnetic field models constructed by Su et al. (2011) using the flux rope insertion method. The MHD simulations confirm that the stable model relaxes to a stable equilibrium, while the unstable model erupts as a CME. Comparisons between observations and MHD simulations of the CME are also presented.
Simulation of a CME-driven shock by anisotropic scattering angular distributions
Authors: Wang Xin , Yan Yi-Hua 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObservations of the interplanetary shock provide us with strong evidences of particle acceleration to multi-MeV protons in a coronal mass ejection (CME). Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) is an efficient mechanism for cosmic ray (CR). This work presents a dynamical Monte Carlo simulation of a CME-driven shock on 14-Dec-2006 by using a series of Gaussian scattering angular distributions. With the simulated results, we find that particle energy spectrum is affected by energy injection processes under the anisotropic scattering law.
Formation and disappearance of a filament
Authors: Zhou G. P. , Wang J. X. , Tsuneta S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA continuous observations near an small active region (AR) NOAA 10976 by the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) and X-Ray Telescope (XRT) on board the Hinode satellite during Dec. 02 2007 from 15:50 UT to 19:59 UT. We observed that: (a) the filament formed by merging parallel fibrils into a twist structure. (b) the filament faded by reconnecting among its own loop structures, or being stripped into pieces.These process are always preceded by the brightening. (c) for the disappearance of the filament, it has close correlation with the activity, like untwisting or expanding, of its corresponding X-ray bright rope.
Waldmeier relations and the solar cycle dynamics by the mean-field dynamos
Authors: Pipin V. V. , Sokoloff D. D. , Usoskin I. G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe long-term variability of the sunspot cycle, as recorded by the Wolf numbers, are imprinted in different kinds of statistical relations which relate the cycle amplitudes, duration and shapes. This subject always gets a special attention because it is important for the solar activity forecast. We discuss statistical properties of the mean-field dynamo model with the fluctuating α-effect. Also, we estimate dynamical properties of the model for the long and short time-scale and compare it with the dynamics of the sunspot numbers data sets.
Shame, perceived knowledge and satisfaction associated with mental health as predictors of attitude patterns towards help-seeking
Authors: Rüsch N. , Müller M. , Ajdacic-Gross V. , Rodgers S. , Corrigan P.W. , Rössler W. 
Published: July 2013

Aims.To examine stigma- and knowledge-related barriers to help-seeking among members of the general population.Methods.In a representative survey of young to middle-aged Swiss adults (n = 8875), shame about a potential own mental illness, perceived knowledge about and satisfaction with one's mental health, psychiatric symptoms and attitudes towards help-seeking were assessed.Results.A latent profile analysis of all participants yielded two groups with different attitudes towards help-seeking. Relative to the majority, a one-in-four subgroup endorsed more negative attitudes towards seeking professional help, including psychiatric medication, and was characterized by more shame, less perceived knowledge, higher satisfaction with their mental health, younger age, male gender and lower education. Among participants with high symptom levels (n = 855), a third subgroup was reluctant to seek help in their private environment and characterized by high symptoms as well as low satisfaction with their mental health.Conclusions.Shame as an emotional proxy of self-stigma as well as poor subjective mental health literacy may be independent barriers to help-seeking. Interventions to increase mental health service use could focus on both variables and on those individuals with more negative views about professional help, in the general public as well as among people with a current mental illness.
Meta-analysis of IDH-mutant cancers identifies EBF1 as an interaction partner for TET2
Authors: Guilhamon Paul , Eskandarpour Malihe , Halai Dina , Wilson Gareth A. , Feber Andrew , Teschendorff Andrew E. , Gomez Valenti , Hergovich Alexander , Tirabosco Roberto , Fernanda Amary M. , Baumhoer Daniel , Jundt Gernot , Ross Mark T. , Flanagan Adrienne M. , Beck Stephan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIsocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes 1 and 2 are frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), low-grade glioma, cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and chondrosarcoma (CS). For AML, low-grade glioma and CC, mutant IDH status is associated with a DNA hypermethylation phenotype, implicating altered epigenome dynamics in the aetiology of these cancers. Here we show that the IDH variants in CS are also associated with a hypermethylation phenotype and display increased production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate, supporting the role of mutant IDH-produced 2-hydroxyglutarate as an inhibitor of TET-mediated DNA demethylation. Meta-analysis of the acute myeloid leukaemia, low-grade glioma, cholangiocarcinoma and CS methylation data identifies cancer-specific effectors within the retinoic acid receptor activation pathway among the hypermethylated targets. By analysing sequence motifs surrounding hypermethylated sites across the four cancer types, and using chromatin immunoprecipitation and western blotting, we identify the transcription factor EBF1 (early B-cell factor 1) as an interaction partner for TET2, suggesting a sequence-specific mechanism for regulating DNA methylation.
Prospects for stable analogues of phosphohistidine
Authors: McAllister Tom E. , Hollins Jeffrey J. , Webb Michael E. 
Published: July 2013

Phosphorylation is a ubiquitous protein post-translational modification, and the importance of phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine is well established. What is lesser known is that almost all heteroatom-containing amino acids can be phosphorylated and, among these, histidine, aspartate and cysteine have well established roles in bacterial signalling pathways. The first of these, phosphohistidine, is the most unusual in that it is labile under many conditions used to study proteins in vitro and can exist as two different isomers. In the present short review, we highlight the chemical challenges that this modification presents and the manner in which chemical synthesis has been used to identify and mimic the modification in proteins.
Line‐start permanent‐magnet motor synchronisation capability improvement using slotted solid rotor
Authors: Niaz Azari Milad , Mirsalim Mojtaba 
Published: July 2013

This study presents a line‐start permanent‐magnet motor with high synchronisation capability using a slotted solid rotor. With slotted solid rotors, a much better magnetic flux and current penetration into the rotor is achieved. Moreover with additional magnetic flux penetration into rotor core, the motor slip decreases and electromagnetic torque near synchronous speed will increase. Consequently, the proposed motor can reach synchronous speed under higher load torques and inertias. Two‐dimensional finite‐element method has been implemented in order to confirm this new idea. Finally, a four‐pole, 250 V, 1500 rpm, 1050 W, three‐phase synchronous motor with slotted solid rotor is designed and prototyped to experimentally validate the capabilities of the proposed motor.
Comparison of Two Life History Strategies after Impoundment of a Historically Anadromous Stock of Columbia River Redband Trout
Authors: Holecek Dean E. , Scarnecchia Dennis L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this study we collected information on abundance, age structure, migration, and exploitation to characterize the population demographics and reproductive characteristics of a historically anadromous Columbia River Redband Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri population now isolated in a southwestern Idaho reservoir and limited to resident and adfluvial life histories. We estimated there were 3,905 adfluvial individuals in Mann Creek Reservoir in October 2008 based on a mark–recapture population estimate. The adfluvial population sex ratio of 2.78 females per male captured at a weir, peak spawn timing near the peak of the hydrograph (late April), age at spawning (4–6 years), and growth patterns (slow growth in the stream followed by rapid growth in the reservoir) were all characteristic of an anadromous population. Resident fish abundance was not estimated, but the fish were characterized by relatively slow growth, earlier sexual maturity, and a reverse sex ratio (0.23 females per male) compared with the adfluvial fish. The two life histories (resident and adfluvial) and their differential use by the sexes are consistent with life history theory, which suggests female salmonids maximize fitness by increasing body size and fecundity while males attempt to maximize survival at the expense of growth. The migratory fish in this drainage that could have historically exercised an anadromous life history appear to be exercising the next‐best option, an adfluvial life history, which has relatively similar costs and benefits to the anadromous form as distinct from the stream‐resident form. Future studies should evaluate other similar native populations isolated in reservoir systems because these populations could play a role in recovery of endangered steelhead (anadromous Rainbow Trout) populations in the western USA.
The Effects of Front-Associated Wind Events and Resultant Sediment Resuspension on Dietary Habits and Caloric Intake of Bay Anchovy and Age-0 Atlantic Croaker in Mobile Bay, Alabama
Authors: Jackson Jered B. , Cowan James H. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
We examined the effects of wind-driven sediment resuspension on the stomach fullness, prey composition, and caloric intake of Bay Anchovy Anchoa mitchilli, a particulate planktivore, and age-0 Atlantic Croaker Micropogonias undulatus, a benthic omnivore, in Mobile Bay, Alabama. Mobile Bay is a shallow estuary in the northern Gulf of Mexico with substrates ranging from silt to small sand. High-wind events were associated with cold fronts and were characterized by wind velocities ≥4.0 m/s. Bay Anchovy stomachs were less full during such events and gut contents contained greater contributions by low-calorie items. Atlantic Croaker stomach fullness did not differ significantly with wind speed. However, prey composition during high-wind events shifted toward high-calorie items. These scenarios imply that high-wind events in Mobile Bay could have an adverse effect on energy uptake by resident Bay Anchovy but may benefit energy uptake by Atlantic Croaker.
Received December 14, 2012; accepted March 23, 2013
SW#–GPU-enabled exact alignments on genome scale
Authors: Korpar Matija , Šikić Mile 
Published: July 2013

Summary: We propose SW#, a new CUDA graphical processor unit-enabled and memory-efficient implementation of dynamic programming algorithm, for local alignment. It can be used as either a stand-alone application or a library. Although there are other graphical processor unit implementations of the Smith–Waterman algorithm, SW# is the only one publicly available that can produce sequence alignments on genome-wide scale. For long sequences, it is at least a few hundred times faster than a CPU version of the same algorithm.
Availability: Source code and installation instructions freely available for download at http://complex.zesoi.fer.hr/SW.html.
Contact: mile.sikic@fer.hr
Supplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Twist-DNA: computing base-pair and bubble opening probabilities in genomic superhelical DNA
Authors: Jost Daniel 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Summary: Local opening of the DNA double helix is required in many fundamental biological processes and is, in part, controlled by the degree of superhelicity imposed in vivo by the protein machinery. In particular, positions of superhelically destabilized regions correlate with regulatory sites along the genome. Based on a self-consistent linearization of a thermodynamic model of superhelical DNA introduced by Benham, we have developed a program that predicts the locations of these regions by efficiently computing base-pair and bubble opening probabilities in genomic DNA. The program allows visualization of results in standard genome browsers to compare DNA opening properties with other available datasets.
Availability and implementation: Source codes freely available for download at http://www.cbp.ens-lyon.fr/doku.php?id=developpement:productions:logiciels:twistdna, implemented in Fortran90 and supported on any Unix-based operating system (Linux, Mac OS X).
Contact: daniel.jost@ens-lyon.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Volatile Anesthetics Improve Survival after Cecal Ligation and Puncture
Authors: Herrmann Inge K. , Castellon Maricela , Schwartz David E. , Hasler Melanie , Urner Martin , Hu Guochang , Minshall Richard D. , Beck-Schimmer Beatrice 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background:
Sepsis remains a leading cause of death in intensive care units. There is growing evidence that volatile anesthetics have beneficial immunomodulatory effects on complex inflammation-mediated conditions. The authors investigated the effect of volatile anesthetics on the overall survival of mice in a sepsis model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).

Methods:
Mice (N = 12 per treatment group) were exposed to anesthetic concentrations of desflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane either during induction of sepsis or when the mice showed pronounced symptoms of inflammation. Overall survival, as well as organ function and inflammation was compared with the CLP group without intervention.

Results:
With desflurane and sevoflurane conditioning (1.2 minimal alveolar concentration for 2 h immediately after induction of CLP) overall survival was improved to 58% and 83%, respectively, compared with 17% in the untreated CLP group. Isoflurane did not significantly affect outcome. Application of sevoflurane 24 h after sepsis induction significantly improved overall survival to 66%.

Conclusions:
Administration of the volatile anesthetics desflurane and sevoflurane reduced CLP-induced mortality. Anesthesia may be a critical confounder when comparing study data where different anesthesia protocols were used.
J. Matlock's Young ladies guide to the knowledge of the English tongue (1715): contextualising the first grammar of English for ladies
Authors: Percy Carol 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRecently rediscovered, The Young Ladies Guide to the Knowledge of the English Tongue (1715) is now the earliest known grammar of English for females. After considering its possible authorship by the writing master John Matlock, I use his residence of Lichfield to exemplify the various ways in which girls might acquire vernacular literacy. Drawing on the Eighteenth‐Century English Grammars database (ECEG), I compare the Guide with contemporary grammars and spelling books, linking its latinate lexis, ‘ungrammatical’ sentences and non‐traditional grammatical terms and categories to an audience of Ladies who are stereotypically not classically educated but nonetheless distinct from charity school girls. I also contextualise this text in such ongoing changes as the movement from classical to vernacular grammar, the role of periodicals in commodifying vernacular education and debates about women's education.
The place of pronunciation in eighteenth‐century grammars of English
Authors: Beal Joan C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe entry on ‘grammar’ in the first edition of theOED(volume 4, 1901) includes the following information: ‘Until a not very distant date, Grammar was divided by English writers (following the precedent of Latin grammarians) into Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, and Prosody, to which Orthoëpy was added by some authors’. TheECEGdatabase is a useful tool for investigating the nature and extent to which eighteenth‐century grammars paid attention to matters of pronunciation. Although a search fororthoëpyas a division of grammar only yields ten hits, the facility for searching within the comments sections allows the researcher to find many more grammars which include information about pronunciation. In this paper, I report on the use of theECEGdatabase to answer the following research questions: (i) does the rise of the elocution movement in the second half of the eighteenth century lead to a greater or lesser emphasis on pronunciation in grammars published after 1760? (ii) is there any evidence of grammar‐writers being influenced by elocutionists such as Thomas Sheridan (,) and John Walker ()? Finally, I report on the ways in which this information might be included in a planned database of eighteenth‐century phonology.