bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the C11‐BODIPY581/591 dye for the determination of lipid oxidation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by flow cytometry
Authors: Cheloni Giulia , Slaveykova Vera I. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLipid oxidation is a recognized end point for the study of oxidative stress and is an important parameter to describe the mode of micropollutant action on aquatic microorganisms. Therefore, the development of quick and reliable methodologies probing the oxidative stress and damage in living cells is highly sought. In the present proof‐of‐concept work, we examined the potential of the fluorescent dye C11‐BODIPY591/581 to probe lipid oxidation in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. C11‐BODIPY591/581 staining was combined with flow cytometry measurements to obtain multiparameter information on cellular features and oxidative stress damage within single cells. First, staining conditions were optimized by exploring the capability of the dye to stain algal cells under increasing cell and dye concentrations and different staining procedures. Then lipid oxidation in algae induced by short‐ and long‐term exposures to the three metallic micropollutants, copper, mercury, and nanoparticulate copper oxide, and the two organic contaminants, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and diuron was determined. In this work we pointed out C11‐BODIPY591/581 applicability in a wide range of exposure conditions, including studies of oxidation as a function of time and that it is suitable for in vivo measurements of lipid oxidation due to its high permeation and stability in cells and its low interference with algal autofluorescence. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
From “Click” to “Fenton” chemistry for 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine determination
Authors: Cappella Paolo , Giansanti Vincenzo , Pulici Maurizio , Gasparri Fabio 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAscorbic acid (AA) and copper have been increasingly employed in flow cytometry (FCM) and high content analysis (HCA) since the introduction of “click chemistry” as a non‐destructive alternative to classical 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunodetection for DNA synthesis and proliferation assays. Mixtures of ascorbate and catalytic copper, under certain experimental conditions, act as oxidizing agent, catalyzing the formation of reactive hydroxyl radicals through hydrogen peroxides decomposition via Fenton reaction. We developed a procedure for BrdU incorporation detection based on the use of AA and cupric ions as DNA damaging agents. Optimal DNA damaging conditions were identified and found to provide results comparable with “click” 5‐ethynyl‐deoxyuridine (EdU) cycloaddition approach and classical BrdU immunodetection. Scavenger agents were found to prevent hydroxyl‐induced DNA damages, providing the proof‐of‐concept for the use of this procedure for DNA denaturation prior to BrdU detection. We demonstrated hydroxyl radicals' reaction to be readily applicable to HCA and FCM assays, for both classical BrdU immunostaining and EdU cycloaddition procedure. This technique was successfully employed for BrdU pulse‐chase experiments and in multiparametric immunofluorescence assays for the simultaneous detection of labile phosphoproteins in intact cells. The use of AA/Cu prior to immunodetection for BrdU incorporation assays is a viable alternative to chemical/physical DNA denaturing agents (acids or heat), since it allows preservation of labile epitopes such as phosphoproteins, and over enzymatic agents (digestion with DNases) for its lower cost. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
C–S and C–Se Bond Formation at Bridging Vinyliminium Ligands in Diiron Complexes
Authors: Marchetti Fabio , Zacchini Stefano , Zanotti Valerio 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe vinyliminium complexes [Fe2{μ‐η1:η3‐C(R)C(R)CN(Me)2}(μ‐CO)(CO)(Cp)2][SO3CF3] (R = Me, 3a; R = CO2Me, 3b; R = Ph, 3c) were treated with S8 in the presence of tBuLi, undergoing fragmentation and affording the corresponding six‐membered metallacyclic complexes [Fe(Cp)(CO){SC(R)=C(R)C(NMe2)S}] (5a–c). Complexes 5a–c result from cleavage of the diiron precursor and addition of S to the vinyliminium ligand to generate a dithiochelating ligand. Analogous reactions of the vinyliminium complexes [Fe2{μ‐η1:η3‐C(R)C(R)CN(Me)(Xyl)}(μ‐CO)(CO)(Cp)2][SO3CF3] (R = Me, 3d; R = CO2Me, 3e), which contain a Xyl group (Xyl = 2,6‐Me2C6H3) in place of a methyl, displayed a different outcome. Complex 3d afforded the diiron complex [Fe2{μ‐η1:η3‐C(Me)=C(CS2)C=N(Me)(Xyl)}(μ‐CO)(CO)(Cp)2] (10), whereas 3e led to the formation of the five‐membered metallacycle [Fe(Cp)(CO){C{N(Me)(Xyl)}C(CO2Me)C(CO2Me)S}] (11) together with the diiron complex [Fe2{μ‐η1:η3‐C(CO2Me)=C(S)C=N(Me)(Xyl)}(μ‐CO)(CO)(Cp)2] (12). The formation of 10 and 12 implies C–H and C–C cleavage, respectively, and C–S bond formation without rupture of the diiron framework. The vinyliminium complexes 3a–d and also [Fe2{μ‐η1:η3‐C(Et)C(Et)CN(Me)(CH2Ph)}(μ‐CO)(CO)(Cp)2][SO3CF3] (3f) reacted with gray selenium in the presence of tBuLi to afford the five‐membered metallacycles [Fe(Cp)(CO){C{N(Me)R}C(R′)C(R′)Se}] (R = R′ = Me, 13a; R = Me, R′ = CO2Me, 13b; R = Me, R′ = Ph, 13c; R = Xyl, R′ = Me, 13d; R = CH2Ph, R′ = Et, 13f) in which one Se atom has been incorporated into the chelating ligand. The X‐ray molecular structures of 5a and 13a have been determined.
Syntheses and Solid‐State Structures of Bis(dialkylstibanyl)sulfanes and ‐telluranes
Authors: Heimann Stefan , Schulz Stephan , Bläser Dieter , Wölper Christoph 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDistibines Sb2R4 (R = Me, Et) react with elemental chalcogens (E = S, Se, Te) with insertion into the Sb–Sb bond and formation of the corresponding bis(dialkylstibanyl)sulfanes, ‐selenanes, and ‐telluranes (R2Sb)2E. The structures of (Et2Sb)2S (1), (Et2Sb)2Te (3), and (Me2Sb)2Te (4) were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The complexes either adopt a syn–syn (1, 4) or syn–anti conformation (3) in the solid state. In addition, the compounds have different intermolecular interaction modes, which depend on the bridging chalcogen and the organic substituent bound to the Sb atoms.
Intercomparability of isotropic and anisotropic solar radiation models for different climatic zones of India
Authors: Karakoti Indira , Das Prasun Kumar 
Published: August 2013

In present communication, a methodology is described to compute total radiation falling on inclined plane by employing the measured global and diffuse radiation data on horizontal surface of India. Five stations Jodhpur, Kolkata, Bangalore, New Delhi, and Srinagar representative of five different climatic zones—hot and dry, hot and humid, temperate, composite and cold, respectively are chosen for the study.The measured data of 15 years (from 1986 to 2000) are exploited and statistical analysis is carried out for the monthly mean daily data. Isotropic model of Liu and Jordan and anisotropic model of Hay are applied in the estimation of total radiation on tilted plane facing south with various slopes and an inter‐comparison between these two models is made to ensure their adaptability in different climatic regions of India. Four tilt angles viz. latitude, latitude +15°N, latitude‐15°N and 22.5°N are considered and both the models are used for computation of total radiation to test whether variation in tilt angles affect the reliability of models for any particular climatic zone.Furthermore, for realistic predictions, accuracy of isotropic and anisotropic models is tested through three statistical parameters and isotropic model is found fit for first four climatic zones of India while for cold region, performance of anisotropic seems better. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 925–932, 2014
Rational Krylov approximation of matrix functions: Numerical methods and optimal pole selection
Authors: Güttel Stefan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMatrix functions are a central topic of linear algebra, and problems of their numerical approximation appear increasingly often in scientific computing. We review various rational Krylov methods for the computation of large‐scale matrix functions. Emphasis is put on the rational Arnoldi method and variants thereof, namely, the extended Krylov subspace method and the shift‐and‐invert Arnoldi method, but we also discuss the nonorthogonal generalized Leja point (or PAIN) method. The issue of optimal pole selection for rational Krylov methods applied for approximating the resolvent and exponential function, and functions of Markov type, is treated in some detail. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interplay between discretization and algebraic computation in adaptive numerical solutionof elliptic PDE problems
Authors: Arioli Mario , Liesen Jörg , Miçdlar Agnieszka , Strakoš Zdeněk 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Adaptive Finite Element Method (AFEM) for approximating solutions of PDE boundary value and eigenvalue problems is a numerical scheme that automatically and iteratively adapts the finite element space until a sufficiently accurate approximate solution is found. The adaptation process is based on a posteriori error estimators, and at each step of this process an algebraic problem (linear or nonlinear algebraic system or eigenvalue problem) has to be solved. In practical computations the solution of the algebraic problem cannot be obtained exactly. As a consequence, the algebraic error should be incorporated in the context of the AFEM and its a posteriori error estimators. The goal of this paper is to survey some existing approaches in the AFEM context that consider the interplay between the finite element discretization and the algebraic computation. We believe that a better understanding of this interplay is of great importance for the future development in the area of numerically solving large‐scale real‐world motivated problems. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Predictors of suicidal ideation in older individuals receiving home‐care services
Authors: Park Jong‐Il , Han Myeong‐il , Kim Myung Sig , Yoon Myeong‐Sook , Ko Sung‐Hee , Cho Hye‐Chung , Chung Young‐Chul 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectivesDespite the importance of tending to older individuals who are vulnerable to suicide, little is known about suicidal ideation in the portion of this population receiving home‐care services in Asian countries. The objective of this cross‐sectional study was to examine predictors of suicidal ideation in older individuals using home‐care service.MethodParticipants were randomly selected from the individuals 50 years old and over using home‐care services across Jeollabuk‐do Province, Korea. A total of 697 subjects participated in this study. Each participant completed the short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Scale for Suicidal Ideation, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II.ResultsHierarchical regression analyses revealed that depression, perceived social support, and disability were significant predictors of suicidal ideation, whereas the roles of subjective health status and fish consumption remained ambiguous in this regard. In terms of social support, we also found that less perceived social support from family members was related to higher levels of suicidal ideation. The associations between various categories of disability and suicidal ideation disappeared after controlling for depression. Our investigation of the mediating effect of depression on the relationship between disability and suicidal ideation revealed that depression was either a complete (disability related to cognition, self‐care, getting along with others, and life activities) or partial (disability related to participation) mediator.ConclusionsPreventive strategies focusing on depression, social support, and disability should be emphasized during encounters with older people receiving home‐care services. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plutonium‐238 observations as a test of modeled transport and surface deposition of meteoric smoke particles
Authors: Dhomse S. S. , Saunders R. W. , Tian W. , Chipperfield M. P. , Plane J. M. C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThere are large uncertainties in the transport and surface deposition of upper atmospheric particles used to construct climate proxies. Here we use a 3‐D chemistry‐climate model (CCM) to simulate the transport and deposition of plutonium‐238 oxide nanoparticles formed after the ablation of a power unit in the upper stratosphere (~11°S) in 1964. The model reproduces both the observed hemispheric asymmetry and time scale of Pu‐238 deposition. We then use the CCM to investigate the transport of meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) from the upper mesosphere. The strongest MSP deposition is predicted to occur at middle latitudes, providing a significant source of Fe fertilization to the Southern Ocean. The model also predicts substantially more deposition in Greenland than in Antarctica (by a factor of ~15, in agreement with ice core measurements), showing that climate proxy measurements from a limited number of sites must be interpreted with care.
Development of probability distributions for urban hydrologic model parameters and a Monte Carlo analysis of model sensitivity
Authors: Knighton James , White Eric , Lennon Edward , Rajan Rajesh 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper proposes an approach to estimating the uncertainty related to EPA Storm Water Management Model model parameters, percentage routed (PR) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), which are used to calculate stormwater runoff volumes. The methodology proposed in this paper addresses uncertainty through the development of probability distributions for urban hydrologic parameters through extensive calibration to observed flow data in the Philadelphia collection system. The established probability distributions are then applied to the Philadelphia Southeast district model through a Monte Carlo approach to estimate the uncertainty in prediction of combined sewer overflow volumes as related to hydrologic model parameter estimation.Understanding urban hydrology is critical to defining urban water resource problems. A variety of land use types within Philadelphia coupled with a history of cut and fill have resulted in a patchwork of urban fill and native soils. The complexity of urban hydrology can make model parameter estimation and defining model uncertainty a difficult task. The development of probability distributions for hydrologic parameters applied through Monte Carlo simulations provided a significant improvement in estimating model uncertainty over traditional model sensitivity analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrochemical variability during flood events within a small forested catchment in Basque Country (Northern Spain)
Authors: Martínez‐Santos M. , Antigüedad I. , Ruiz‐Romera E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUnderstanding runoff processes is critical to issues of water quality. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to test a methodology that can be used when continuous electrical conductivity (EC) data are recorded in a single control point and no more data are available along the catchment. Although both non‐tracer‐based and tracer‐based techniques have been used for two‐component hydrograph separation, EC‐based method proved to be more suitable to gain further insight into the runoff generation and can help clarifying water sources and flowpaths to the river. So the use of EC has allowed the separation of pre‐event (Qp) and event (Qe) water contribution in different types of flood events, the assessment of temporal behaviour of related elements and the calculation of Qp/Qe ratio and regression equations. However, the weaker correlations of some elements with discharge and with this ratio lead us to admit the existence of at least one third component of flow, which is characterized by dissolved organic carbon, SO42− and Cl−. This component presumably comes from a far‐stream source and through a subsurface flow and is the key for advancing in new findings on the catchment hydrology. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the effects of climate change projections on streamflow in the Nooksack River basin, Northwest Washington
Authors: Dickerson‐Lange Susan E. , Mitchell Robert 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Nooksack River has its headwaters in the North Cascade Mountains and drains an approximately 2000 km2 watershed in northwestern Washington State. The timing and magnitude of streamflow in a snowpack‐dominated drainage basin such as the Nooksack River basin are strongly influenced by temperature and precipitation. Projections of future climate made by general circulation models (GCMs) indicate increases in temperature and variable changes in precipitation for the Nooksack River basin. Understanding the response of the river to climate change is crucial for regional water resources planning because municipalities, tribes, and industry depend on the river for water use and for fish habitat.We combine three different climate scenarios downscaled from GCMs and the Distributed‐Hydrology‐Soil‐Vegetation Model to simulate future changes to timing and magnitude of streamflow in the higher elevations of the Nooksack River. Simulations of future streamflow and snowpack in the basin project a range of magnitudes, which reflects the variable meteorological changes indicated by the three GCM scenarios and the local natural variability employed in the modeling. Simulation results project increased winter flows, decreased summer flows, decreased snowpack, and a shift in timing of the spring melt peak and maximum snow water equivalent. These results are consistent with previous regional studies, but the magnitude of increased winter flows and total annual runoff is higher. Increases in temperature dominate snowpack declines and changes to spring and summer streamflow, whereas a combination of increases in temperature and precipitation control increased winter streamflow. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the impacts of allocation approaches during process-based life cycle assessment of water treatment chemicals
Authors: Alvarez-Gaitan Juan P , Peters Gregory M , Short Michael D , Schulz Matthias , Moore Stephen 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Chemicals are an important component of advanced water treatment operations not only in terms of economics but also from an environmental standpoint. Tools such as life cycle assessment (LCA) are useful for estimating the environmental impacts of water treatment operations. At the same time, LCA analysts must manage several fundamental and as yet unresolved methodological challenges, one of which is the question of how best to “allocate” environmental burdens in multifunctional processes. Using water treatment chemicals as a case study example, this article aims to quantify the variability in greenhouse gas emissions estimates stemming from methodological choices made in respect of allocation during LCA. The chemicals investigated and reported here are those most important to coagulation and disinfection processes, and the outcomes are illustrated on the basis of treating 1000 ML of noncoagulated and nondisinfected water. Recent process and economic data for the production of these chemicals is used and methodological alternatives for solving the multifunctionality problem, including system expansion and mass, exergy, and economic allocation, are applied to data from chlor-alkali plants. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation is included to provide a comprehensive picture of the robustness of economic allocation results to changes in the market price of these industrial commodities. For disinfection, results demonstrate that chlorine gas has a lower global warming potential (GWP) than sodium hypochlorite regardless of the technique used to solve allocation issues. For coagulation, when mass or economic allocation is used to solve the multifunctionality problem in the chlor-alkali facility, ferric chloride was found to have a higher GWP than aluminum sulfate and a slightly lower burden where system expansion or exergy allocation are applied instead. Monte Carlo results demonstrate that when economic allocation is used, GWP results were relatively robust and resilient to the changes in commodity prices encountered during the study period, with standard deviations less than 6% for all chlor-alkali-produced chemicals reported here. Overall outcomes from the study demonstrate the potential variability in LCA results according to the allocation approach taken and emphasize the need for a consensus approach to water sector LCAs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;X:000–000. © 2013 SETAC Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:87–94. © 2013 SETAC
FACTORS CONTROLLING WATER DELIVERY BY PITCHER IRRIGATION
Authors: Vasudevan Padma , Thapliyal Alka , Tandon Mamta , Dastidar M. G. , Sen P. K. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPitcher irrigation is particularly useful for horticulture in arid zones. It is of interest to see the correlation of water flow (WF) through the pitcher wall into air, water, and soil with the moisture deficit in air (MD). The pattern of WF into the three media was studied for four pitchers filled with water up to the neck, under natural atmospheric conditions and under hydraulic head (HH). WF without HH was in the order air > soil > water, the amount being negligible in water. WF under HH was also in the same order, but with a significant increase in WF. In all cases WF correlated linearly to level of dryness of the air. Hydraulic conductivity (Ks) for all the pitchers also varied in the order air > soil > water. Ks in water was independent of MD, whereas Ks in soil and air increased with MD. Thus total WF through capillary pores of the pot is due to pressure of hydraulic head only when WF is into the water medium. In air and soil there is an additional WF due to the MD in the medium. This is seen as a negative pressure or an equivalent negative hydraulic head. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.