bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I think boys would rather be alpha male’: Being male and sexual health experiences of young men from a deprived area in the UK
Authors: Watkins F , Bristow K , Robertson S , Norman R , Litva A , Stanistreet D 
Published: October 2012

Objective: To explore the experiences of young men aged 16–19, living in an area of high deprivation, when accessing local sexual health services. Design: A qualitative design drawing on ethnographic methods. Setting: A local college. Methods: A multi-method approach was adopted using: one-to-one semi-structured interviews with young men and stakeholders; focus groups with young men; and participant observation in the areas surrounding the college clinics. Results: While a number of the young men constructed their masculinity as dominant, promiscuous and deliberately unfeminine, this was not widespread and was often a conscious performance. This was possibly a response to boredom that the young men frequently mentioned but also because they felt it was expected of them. The young men in this study demonstrated the need to take responsibility for their actions, recognized the importance of making good judgements, and to have respect for their partner in relationships. They understood that taking alcohol and drugs could affect their ability to act in a sexually responsible manner. It was also clear that, while targeted sexual health messages remain a beneficial public health strategy, there remained a perception that existing sexual health services were still aimed at women and not suited to the young men. Conclusion: The young men in this study demonstrated adherence to aspects of hegemonic masculinity but this was extremely complex and suggests a nuanced approach is needed to understand young men’s attitudes to sexual health services. By taking this approach strategies for enabling men to access services will be more appropriate and potentially more successful.
School nurses and health education: The classroom experience
Authors: Klein Julie , Sendall Marguerite C , Fleming Marylou , Lidstone John , Domocol Michelle 
Published: October 2012

Objective: The aim of the study is to explore school nurses’ experience of health education. Design: A qualitative approach, phenomenology was used to answer the question. Method: Sixteen participants were recruited through purposeful and snowball sampling. Participants undertook an audio-recorded interview which was transcribed and analysed. Results: Five themes represent school nurses’ experience of health education. Within these five themes, three issues were identified by the participants as having a negative impact on their experience of health education. These were: (1) feeling unwanted by the school; (2) not supported by the school hierarchy; and (3) a lack of role definition. Conclusion: These three issues provide important insight into school nurses’ experience of health education and have implications for other school nurses and professionals in the school environment.
The protective effects of omega-3 fatty acid against toluene-induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats
Authors: Meydan S , Altas M , Nacar A , Ozturk OH , Tas U , Zararsiz I , Sarsilmaz M 
Published: October 2012

Objective: Toluene is used as an organic solvent, and it has neurotoxic effects. Omega-3 is an essential fatty acid required for brain development. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of omega-3 fatty acid against toluene-induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats. Materials and methods: A total of 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups with seven rats in each group. Rats in group I were the controls. Toluene was intraperitoneally injected into the rats of group II with a dose of 0.5 ml/kg. Rats in group III received omega-3 fatty acid with a dose of 0.4 g/kg/day while exposed to toluene. After 14 days, all the rats were killed by decapitation. Enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were spectrophotometrically studied in the prefrontal cortex of rats. Results: Enzymatic activities of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased, and MDA levels were significantly increased in rats treated with toluene compared with the controls. However, the increased SOD and decreased GSH-Px enzymatic activities and MDA levels were detected in the rats administered with omega-3 fatty acid while exposed to toluene. Conclusion: The results of this experimental study indicate that omega-3 fatty acid treatment can prevent toluene-induced neuronal damage in the prefrontal cortex of rats.
Behavioural treatment of severe chronic self-loathing in people with borderline personality disorder. Part 2: self-compassion and other interventions
Authors: Krawitz Roy 
Published: October 2012

Objective: This article is the second in a series of two on the topic. The purpose of the article is to discuss the intervention of self-compassion (and briefly other behavioural interventions) in treating severe chronic self-loathing in people with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The first article focuses on interrupting the self-loathing cycle. Conclusions: Self-compassion has promise as an intervention in the behavioural treatment of severe chronic self-loathing in people with BPD. Due to the challenges faced, it is useful for behavioural clinicians to have a range of flexible treatment approaches embedded into a coherent principled treatment in treating severe chronic self-loathing in people with BPD.
Applying an Interactive Quantitative-Qualitative Framework
Authors: Hitchcock John H. , Newman Isadore 
Published: October 2012

This article offers a conceptual discussion of a series of qualitative and quantitative research endeavors that share common underpinnings and purpose. The article demonstrates several commonalities between approaches with the hope of encouraging readers to allow research questions to guide methodological choices and avoid overemphasizing division between research paradigms. The current work offers an extension of ideas previously published in Human Resource Development Review (Newman & Hitchcock, 2011) to address a call to explore aspects of theory-building in the context of research methods (Reio, 2010). Specific ideas discussed here focus on commonalities between quantitative and qualitative work when dealing with the broad notion of generalization, and include connections between transferability, probabilistic generalization, naturalistic generalization, and external validity; commonalities between multiple (or collective) case studies and meta-analyses; and phenomenological perspectives and probability.
The intrinsic GTPase activity of the Gtr1 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sengottaiyan Palanivelu , Spetea Cornelia , Lagerstedt Jens O , Samyn Dieter , Andersson Michael , Ruiz-Pavón Lorena , Persson Bengt L 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
The Gtr1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a member of the RagA subfamily of the Ras-like small GTPase superfamily. Gtr1 has been implicated in various cellular processes. Particularly, the Switch regions in the GTPase domain of Gtr1 are essential for TORC1 activation and amino acid signaling. Therefore, knowledge about the biochemical activity of Gtr1 is required to understand its mode of action and regulation.

Results
By employing tryptophan fluorescence analysis and radioactive GTPase assays, we demonstrate that Gtr1 can adopt two distinct GDP- and GTP-bound conformations, and that it hydrolyses GTP much slower than Ras proteins. Using cysteine mutagenesis of Arginine-37 and Valine-67, residues at the Switch I and II regions, respectively, we show altered GTPase activity and associated conformational changes as compared to the wild type protein and the cysteine-less mutant.

Conclusions
The extremely low intrinsic GTPase activity of Gtr1 implies requirement for interaction with activating proteins to support its physiological function. These findings as well as the altered properties obtained by mutagenesis in the Switch regions provide insights into the function of Gtr1 and its homologues in yeast and mammals.
The genome sequence of Propionibacterium acidipropionici provides insights into its biotechnological and industrial potential
Authors: Parizzi Lucas P , Grassi Maria Carolina B , Llerena Luige A , Carazzolle Marcelo F , Queiroz Verônica L , Lunardi Inês , Zeidler Ane F , Teixeira Paulo JPL , Mieczkowski Piotr , Rincones Johana , Pereira Gonçalo AG 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Synthetic biology allows the development of new biochemical pathways for the production of chemicals from renewable sources. One major challenge is the identification of suitable microorganisms to hold these pathways with sufficient robustness and high yield. In this work we analyzed the genome of the propionic acid producer Actinobacteria Propionibacterium acidipropionici (ATCC 4875).

Results
The assembled P. acidipropionici genome has 3,656,170 base pairs (bp) with 68.8% G + C content and a low-copy plasmid of 6,868 bp. We identified 3,336 protein coding genes, approximately 1000 more than P. freudenreichii and P. acnes, with an increase in the number of genes putatively involved in maintenance of genome integrity, as well as the presence of an invertase and genes putatively involved in carbon catabolite repression. In addition, we made an experimental confirmation of the ability of P. acidipropionici to fix CO2, but no phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase coding gene was found in the genome. Instead, we identified the pyruvate carboxylase gene and confirmed the presence of the corresponding enzyme in proteome analysis as a potential candidate for this activity. Similarly, the phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase genes, which are considered responsible for acetate formation, were not present in the genome. In P. acidipropionici, a similar function seems to be performed by an ADP forming acetate-CoA ligase gene and its corresponding enzyme was confirmed in the proteome analysis.

Conclusions
Our data shows that P. acidipropionici has several of the desired features that are required to become a platform for the production of chemical commodities: multiple pathways for efficient feedstock utilization, ability to fix CO2, robustness, and efficient production of propionic acid, a potential precursor for valuable 3-carbon compounds.
Combined analysis of genome-wide expression and copy number profiles to identify key altered genomic regions in cancer
Authors: Fontanillo Celia , Aibar Sara , Sanchez-Santos Jose Manuel , De Las Rivas Javier 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Analysis of DNA copy number alterations and gene expression changes in human samples have been used to find potential target genes in complex diseases. Recent studies have combined these two types of data using different strategies, but focusing on finding gene-based relationships. However, it has been proposed that these data can be used to identify key genomic regions, which may enclose causal genes under the assumption that disease-associated gene expression changes are caused by genomic alterations.

Results
Following this proposal, we undertake a new integrative analysis of genome-wide expression and copy number datasets. The analysis is based on the combined location of both types of signals along the genome. Our approach takes into account the genomic location in the copy number (CN) analysis and also in the gene expression (GE) analysis. To achieve this we apply a segmentation algorithm to both types of data using paired samples. Then, we perform a correlation analysis and a frequency analysis of the gene loci in the segmented CN regions and the segmented GE regions; selecting in both cases the statistically significant loci. In this way, we find CN alterations that show strong correspondence with GE changes. We applied our method to a human dataset of 64 Glioblastoma Multiforme samples finding key loci and hotspots that correspond to major alterations previously described for this type of tumors.

Conclusions
Identification of key altered genomic loci constitutes a first step to find the genes that drive the alteration in a malignant state. These driver genes can be found in regions that show high correlation in copy number alterations and expression changes.
Tbx3 represses PTEN and is over-expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Burgucu Durmus , Guney Kenan , Sahinturk Duygu , Ozbudak Irem Hicran , Ozel Deniz , Ozbilim Gulay , Yavuzer Ugur 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Despite advances in diagnostic and treatment strategies, head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) constitutes one of the worst cancer types in terms of prognosis. PTEN is one of the tumour suppressors whose expression and/or activity have been found to be reduced in HNSCC, with rather low rates of mutations within the PTEN gene (6-8%). We reasoned that low expression levels of PTEN might be due to a transcriptional repression governed by an oncogene. Tbx2 and Tbx3, both of which are transcriptional repressors, have been found to be amplified or over-expressed in various cancer types. Thus, we hypothesize that Tbx3 may be over expressed in HNSCC and may repress PTEN, thus leading to cancer formation and/or progression.

Methods
Using immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR (qPCR), protein and mRNA levels of PTEN and Tbx3 were identified in samples excised from cancerous and adjacent normal tissues from 33 patients who were diagnosed with HNSCC. In addition, HeLa and HEK cell lines were transfected with a Tbx3 expressing plasmid and endogenous PTEN mRNA and protein levels were determined via qPCR and flow cytometry. Transcription assays were performed to demonstrate effects of Tbx3 on PTEN promoter activity. Mann–Whitney, Spearman’s Correlation and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyze the data.

Results
We demonstrate that in HNSCC samples, Tbx3 mRNA levels are increased with respect to their normal tissue counterparts (p<0.001), whereas PTEN mRNA levels are significantly reduced in cancer tissues. Moreover, Tbx3 protein is also increased in HNSCC tissue sections. Over-expression of Tbx3 in HeLa and HEK cell lines causes reduction in endogenous PTEN mRNA and protein levels. In addition, transcription activity assays reveal that Tbx3 is capable of repressing both the basal and induced promoter activity of PTEN.

Conclusions
We show that Tbx3 is up-regulated in tissue samples of HNSCC patients and that Tbx3 represses PTEN transcription. Thus, our data not only reveals a new mechanism that may be important in cancer formation, but also suggests that Tbx3 can be used as a potential biomarker in cancer.
Are persons with rheumatoid arthritis deconditioned? A review of physical activity and aerobic capacity
Authors: Munsterman Tjerk , Takken Tim , Wittink Harriet 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Although the general assumption is that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have decreased levels of physical activity, no review has addressed whether this assumption is correct.

Methods
Our objective was to systematically review the literature for physical activity levels and aerobic capacity (VO2max). in patients with (RA), compared to healthy controls and a reference population. Studies investigating physical activity, energy expenditure or aerobic capacity in patients with RA were included. Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria.

Results
In one study that used doubly labeled water, the gold standard measure, physical activity energy expenditure of patients with RA was significantly decreased. Five studies examined aerobic capacity. Contradictory evidence was found that patients with RA have lower VO2max than controls, but when compared to normative values, patients scored below the 10th percentile. In general, it appears that patients with RA spend more time in light and moderate activities and less in vigorous activities than controls.

Conclusion
Patients with RA appear to have significantly decreased energy expenditure, very low aerobic capacity compared to normative values and spend less time in vigorous activities than controls.
Therapy of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Europe: MALTHER – a prospective observational multicentre study
Authors: Bouchaud Olivier , Mühlberger Nikolai , Parola Philippe , Calleri Guido , Matteelli Alberto , Peyerl-Hoffmann Gabriele , Méchaï Frédéric , Gautret Philippe , Clerinx Jan , Kremsner Peter G , Jelinek Tomas , Kaiser Annette , Beltrame Anna , Schmid Matthias L , Kern Peter , Probst Meike , Bartoloni Alessandro , Weinke Thomas , Grobusch Martin P 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Malaria continues to be amongst the most frequent infectious diseases imported to Europe. Whilst European treatment guidelines are based on data from studies carried out in endemic areas, there is a paucity of original prospective treatment data. The objective was to summarize data on treatments to harmonize and optimize treatment for uncomplicated malaria in Europe.

Methods
A prospective observational multicentre study was conducted, assessing tolerance and efficacy of treatment regimens for imported uncomplicated falciparum malaria in adults amongst European centres of tropical and travel medicine.

Results
Between December 2003 and 2009, 504 patients were included in 16 centres from five European countries. Eighteen treatment regimens were reported, the top three being atovaquone-proguanil, mefloquine, and artemether-lumefantrine. Treatments significantly differed with respect to the occurrence of treatment changes (p = 0.005) and adverse events (p = 0.001), parasite and fever clearance times (p < 0.001), and hospitalization rates (p = 0.0066) and durations (p = 0.001). Four recrudescences and two progressions to severe disease were observed. Compared to other regimens, quinine alone was associated with more frequent switches to second line treatment, more adverse events and longer inpatient stays. Parasite and fever clearance times were shortest with artemether-mefloquine combination treatment. Vomiting was the most frequent cause of treatment change, occurring in 5.5% of all patients but 9% of the atovaquone-proguanil group.

Conclusions
This study highlights the heterogeneity of standards of care within Europe. A consensus discussion at European level is desirable to foster a standardized management of imported falciparum malaria.
In non-transplant patients with multiple myeloma, the pre-treatment level of clonotypic cells predicts event-free survival
Authors: Thulien Kyle J , Belch Andrew R , Reiman Tony , Pilarski Linda M 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
In multiple myeloma (MM), the immunoglobulin heavy chain VDJ gene rearrangement is a unique clonotypic signature that identifies all members of the myeloma clone independent of morphology or phenotype. Each clonotypic MM cell has only one genomic copy of the rearranged IgH VDJ.

Methods
Pre-treatment bone marrow aspirates from myeloma patients at diagnosis or in relapse were evaluated for the number of clonotypic cells using real time quantitative PCR (RPCR). RPCR measured the level of clonal cells, termed VDJ%, in 139 diagnosis and relapse BM aspirates from MM patients.

Results
Patients with a VDJ% below the median had a significantly longer event free survival (EFS) then those with a VDJ% higher than the median (p=0.0077, HR=0.57). Further, although the VDJ% from non-transplant patients predicted EFS (p=0.0093), VDJ% failed to predict outcome after autologous stem cell transplant (p=0.53).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that for non-transplant patients, the tumor burden before treatment, perhaps reflecting cancer stem cell progeny/output, is an indirect measure that may indicate the number of MM cancer stem cells and hence event free survival.
Molecular detection of a novel paramyxovirus in fruit bats from Indonesia
Authors: Sasaki Michihito , Setiyono Agus , Handharyani Ekowati , Rahmadani Ibenu , Taha Siswatiana , Adiani Sri , Subangkit Mawar , Sawa Hirofumi , Nakamura Ichiro , Kimura Takashi 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Fruit bats are known to harbor zoonotic paramyxoviruses including Nipah, Hendra, and Menangle viruses. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of paramyxovirus RNA in fruit bats from Indonesia.

Methods
RNA samples were obtained from the spleens of 110 fruit bats collected from four locations in Indonesia. All samples were screened by semi-nested broad spectrum reverse transcription PCR targeting the paramyxovirus polymerase (L) genes.

Results
Semi-nested reverse transcription PCR detected five previously unidentified paramyxoviruses from six fruit bats. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these virus sequences were related to henipavirus or rubulavirus.

Conclusions
This study indicates the presence of novel paramyxoviruses among fruit bat populations in Indonesia.
Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral–aortic intervalvular fibrosa presenting after chest trauma and diagnosed by cardiac magnetic resonance: a case report
Authors: Barranhas Adriana Dias , Dias Márcia Cláudia , dos Santos Alair Augusto Sarmet Moreira Damas , Marchiori Edson , Nacif Marcelo Souto 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionAnnular subvalvular pseudoaneurysm is a rare example of left ventricle aneurysm described predominantly in young African people. These aneurysms are divided into two different types, namely, submitral or subaortic, with subaortic being the less frequent kind. The subaortic type is most often localized in the mitral–aortic intervalvular fibrosa. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a mitral–aortic intervalvular fibrosa pseudoaneurysm associated with coarctation of the aorta, anomalous pulmonary venous return, bicuspid aortic valve and patent ductus arteriosus diagnosed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance.Case presentationWe report the case of a 15-year-old African-American boy with a history of mild chest trauma who underwent echocardiographic evaluation as part of an out-patient work up. The echocardiogram was suspicious for the presence of mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa pseudoaneurysm and cardiovascular magnetic resonance was then performed to better characterize this finding. In addition to confirming the presence of the aneurysm, cardiovascular magnetic resonance also revealed coarctation of the aorta, a bicuspid aortic valve, and anomalous pulmonary venous return.ConclusionIn our case, cardiovascular magnetic resonance was helpful in: (a) making a definite diagnosis of mitral–aortic intervalvular fibrosa pseudoaneurysm and its borders, which was not clear with an echocardiogram examination; and (b) illustrating additional associated congenital anomalies including the anomalous pulmonary venous return.
Differential induction of HSP-70 expression in response to IHHNV in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei naturally co-infected with IHHNV and IMNV
Authors: Vieira-Girão Patrícia Raquel Nogueira , Rocha Ítalo Régis Castelo Branco , Costa Francisco Hiran Farias , Rádis-Baptista Gandhi 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Brazil is becoming one of the main global producers of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Worldwide outbreaks of viral disease place this aquaculture industry at risk, causing episodic economical loss. The primary viruses for L. vannamei, particularly in northeastern Brazil, are the infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and the infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). After a period of unusual rainfall, we detected that farmed shrimp developing IMN or IHHN disease were co-infected with both viruses, and the disease outcome resulted from reciprocal IHHNV and IMNV proliferation. To comprehend how the key molecules of innate immunity respond to this double infection, the levels of HSP-70, crustin, penaeidin-3a, and C-type lectin-br1 were assessed by quantitative PCR. HSP-70 expression was expressively up-regulated by IHHNV infection in the gills of double-infected shrimp but not by IMNV infection; the other transcripts were not significantly altered. These findings implicate the HSP-70 as a differential modulator of viral co-infection in shrimp.