bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unilateral holohemispheric central nervous system lesions associated with medically refractory epilepsy in the pediatric population: a retrospective series of hemimegalencephaly and Rasmussen's encephalitis
Authors: Wang Doris D. , Benkli Barlas , Auguste Kurtis I. , Garcia Paul A. , Sullivan Joseph , Barkovich A. James , Chang Edward F. , Tihan Tarik 
Published: October 2014

Object
Cortical malformations and inflammatory encephalopathy are among common etiologies for medically refractory epilepsy in children. On rare occasions, lesions can affect an entire cerebral hemisphere while sparing the other; the 2 processes that can manifest in this manner are hemimegalencephaly (HME) and Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE). Although the clinical course and radiological appearance between the 2 disorders are distinct, there is occasional overlapping pathology between RE and cortical migration disorders. One question that arises from these observations is whether RE and HME, diseases with holohemispheric involvement but apparently different etiologies, have any overlapping characteristics.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective review of all patients with presumed diagnosis of HME or RE who underwent hemispherectomy at University of California, San Francisco, and reviewed their clinical presentation, imaging, and pathology data.

Results
The authors present the clinicopathological features of 14 pediatric patients with unilateral holohemispheric lesions associated with medically refractory epilepsy. Radiological and pathological assessment classified 7 of the patients as having hemimegalencephaly, while the other 7 were diagnosed as having RE. Four of the patients had unusual features suggestive of overlapping developmental and inflammatory (dual) pathology. All patients underwent hemispherectomies. Eight patients (57%) became seizure free (Engel Class I), 5 patients (36%) had rare seizures (Engel Class II), and 1 patient had significant seizure reduction (Engel Class III).

Conclusions
Based on this case series, HME and RE can be distinguished on the basis of their radiological and histological appearance, even though some cases may have overlapping features. Hemispherectomy was effective at eliminating seizures for both HME and RE.
Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries in children: epidemiology and socioeconomics
Authors: Missios Symeon , Bekelis Kimon , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: October 2014

Object
Despite the negative effects of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) on long-term population health, their true prevalence among pediatric trauma patients is under debate. The authors investigated the prevalence of PNIs among children involved in trauma and investigated associations between PNIs and several patient characteristics.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of pediatric trauma patients who were registered in the National Trauma Data Bank from 2009 through 2011 and who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. They used regression techniques to investigate the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with the rate of PNIs among these patients.

Results
Of the 245,470 study patients, 50,211 were involved in motor vehicle crashes, 3380 in motorcycle crashes, 20,491 in bicycle crashes, 18,262 in pedestrian accidents, 26,294 in other crashes (mainly involving all-terrain vehicles and snowmobiles), and 126,832 in falls. The respective prevalence of PNIs was 0.66% for motor vehicle crashes, 1% for motorcycle crashes, 0.38% for bicycle crashes, 0.42% for pedestrian accidents, 0.79% for other crashes, and 0.52% for falls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the following were associated with an increased incidence of PNIs: increased patient age (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.20), higher Injury Severity Score (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.20), elevated systolic blood pressure at arrival at the emergency room (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.20), and increased number of trauma surgeons at the institution (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.20). The following were associated with lower incidence of PNIs: female sex (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.87–1.02), rural hospitals (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.87–1.02), and urban nonteaching hospitals (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.87–1.02).

Conclusions
PNIs are more common than previously identified for the pediatric trauma population. These injuries are associated with older age and increased severity of the overall injury.
ANTONIA Perfusion and Stroke
Authors: Cheng B. , Kemmling A. , Thomalla G. , Fiehler J. , Forkert N. D. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryObjectives: The objective of this work is to present the software tool ANTONIA, which has been developed to facilitate a quantitative analysis of perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI) datasets in general as well as the subsequent multi-parametric analysis of additional datasets for the specific purpose of acute ischemic stroke patient dataset evaluation.Methods: Three different methods for the analysis of DSC or DCE PWI datasets are currently implemented in ANTONIA, which can be case-specifically selected based on the study protocol. These methods comprise a curve fitting method as well as a deconvolution-based and deconvolution-free method integrating a previously defined arterial input function. The perfusion analysis is extended for the purpose of acute ischemic stroke analysis by additional methods that enable an automatic atlas-based selection of the arterial input function, an analysis of the perfusion-diffusion and DWI-FLAIR mismatch as well as segmentation-based volumetric analyses.Results: For reliability evaluation, the de-scribed software tool was used by two ob-servers for quantitative analysis of 15 data-sets from acute ischemic stroke patients to extract the acute lesion core volume, FLAIR ratio, perfusion-diffusion mismatch volume with manually as well as automatically selected arterial input functions, and follow-up lesion volume. The results of this evaluation revealed that the described software tool leads to highly reproducible results for all parameters if the automatic arterial input function selection method is used.Conclusion: Due to the broad selection of processing methods that are available in the software tool, ANTONIA is especially helpful to support image-based perfusion and acute ischemic stroke research projects.
Highly Cited Articles in Health Care Sciences and Services Field in Science Citation Index Expanded
Authors: Hsu Y.-H. E. , Ho Y.-S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryObjective: This study aimed to identify and analyze characteristics of highly cited articles published in the Web of Science category of health care sciences and services from 1958 to 2012.Methods: Articles that have been cited at least 100 times were assessed regarding publication outputs, distribution of outputs in journals, publications of authors, institutions, countries as well as citation life cycles of the articles with the highest total citations since its publication up to 2012 and the highest citations in 2012. Six bibliometric indicators were used to evaluate source countries, institutions, and authors. Total citations from the time the articles were first published to the end of 2012 and citations in 2012 only were applied. Additionally, Y-index was applied to evaluate publication characteristics of authors. A high percentage of authors had the same numbers of first author and corresponding author status of highly cited articles in health care sciences and services field.Results: Results showed that 890 of the most highly referenced articles, published between 1977 and 2009, had been cited at least 100 times. Medical Care and Journal of General Internal Medicine published the most highly cited articles. The United States produced 76% of highly cited articles and also published the most number of independent, internationally collaborative, first authored, corresponding authored, and single author highly cited articles. The Harvard University was the most productive institute and was number one for the total highly cited articles, inter-institutionally collaborative articles, single institution articles, first author articles, and corresponding author articles.Conclusions: The application of quantitative techniques in the analysis of highly cited articles can improve the researchers’ understanding of the directions in health care sciences and services field. Y-index is useful for the evaluation of contributing authors.
les infortunes du mot humanitaire
Authors: Valentin Marianne 
Published: October 2014

Résumé	« Chaque siècle a sa marotte ; le nôtre, qui ne plaisante pas, a la marotte humanitaire. » (Sainte-Beuve) L’adjectif humanitaire est un néologisme — révolutionnaire ? — des années 1830, qui dérive d’humanité et du suffixe -aire ; suffixe qui n’a rien de décisif, pas de ceux qui vous règlent le sort d’un vocable pour l’éternité. Il sert juste à passer d’un substantif à un adjectif, qui pourra bien entendu par la suite être substantivé. Les dictionnaires donnent des définitions du terme plutôt positives, telles (...)
Contre la nouvelle cinéphilie
Authors: Skorecki Louis 
Published: October 2014

Résumé	C’était la dernière séquence c’était la dernière séance et le rideau sur l’écran est tombé. – Eddy Mitchell (La dernière séance) Le cinéma — le bon comme le mauvais — a beaucoup changé. Les spectateurs et les media — les bons comme les mauvais-aussi. De ce changement on ne trouve trace nulle part. On fait comme si aux auteurs d’hier succédaient ceux d’aujourd’hui, aux cinéphiles de l’ancienne génération, ceux de la nouvelle. Mis à part quelques regrets d’un âge d’or, ou d’une belle époque du cinéma (regrets (...)
Review: TEACHERS VOICES 8: EXPLICITLY SUPPORTING READING AND WRITING IN THE CLASSROOM
Authors: Ahern Sarah 
Published: October 2014

EDITED BY ANNE BURNS AND HELEN DE SILVA JOYCENational Centre for English Language Teaching and Research, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2005, 77pp, ISBN 1 74138 103 7 This is the most recent book in a series that deals with teaching and learning in the classroom. The specific focus of this book is the explicit support of reading and writing in adult ESL teaching, investigated through classroom projects within the framework of an action research approach. It consists of three sections: the first outlines the theoretical ideas underpinning the book, the second deals with the nature of action research, and the third and longest section presents the participating teachers’ own accounts of their research projects. It is accompanied by a DVD containing excerpts of their classroom teaching.
‘I am not a “good” teacher; I don’t do all their paperwork’: Teacher resistance to accountability demands in the English Skills for Life strategy
Authors: TUSTING KARIN 
Published: October 2014

In 2000, Skills for Life, a new strategy for literacy, numeracy and language education was introduced in England. It included new core curricula, tough new targets for learner achievement, and significantly increased accountability requirements for teachers and colleges. Many teachers found aspects of this new system difficult. This paper analyses interviews carried out with teachers in 2002 to identify the reasons underlying their resistance. In the interviews, teachers consistently drew on a welldefined discourse which defined ‘good’ teaching as teaching that is responsive to the learner, negotiating teaching in response to learners’ goals and characteristics, and flexible in the teaching moment. Resistance arose when aspects of the centralised strategy were perceived to constrain teachers’ ability to respond to learners in this way, being driven more by external demandsand advance planning than by responsiveness to learners. Teachers attempted to develop strategies to maintain responsiveness while working within the new strategy.
Road Safety Literacy for Speakers of English as a Foreign Language: Educating novice drivers for the public’s health
Authors: Han Jinghe , Singh Michael , Zhao Dacheng 
Published: October 2014

The public health dimensions of road safety literacy for novice drivers who speak English as a foreign language, are a concern due to increasing transnational mobility. The research literature indicates interest in this language issue in terms of comparisons with native English speakers, gender, and international evaluations. However, studies of road safety as a literacy issue are limited. Using an autobiographical approach this paper explores the textual, inter-textural and performative literacy of a Chinese learner-driver in Australia. Evidence of the learner-driver’s life history, use of multiple languages, and cultural differences are shown to impact on her development of road safety literacy.
Is the Professionalisation of Adult Basic Skills Practice Possible, Desirable or Inevitable?
Authors: Dennis Carol Azumah 
Published: October 2014

This paper explores the meaning and implications of a policy-driven professionalisation of adult basic skills practice. Written amidst competing theoretical conceptualisations of professionalism, the paper focuses on a particular policy moment in Adult Language, Literacy and Numeracy (ALLN) practice in England: Skills for Life. The paper argues that the possibility of implementation of this policy is limited. The policy is filtered through the fragmented nature of the field, the embeddedness of literacy and what this paper calls an 'anti-professional' stance of ALLN practice. For policy makers, professionalisation is desirable, and its impact is far-reaching. It enables control of a key aspect of the service sector implicated in the supply of flexi-workers required by a globalised economy. In discussing the inevitability of professionalisation the paper draws on a small-scale research project to locate a space for the professional imagination, a space in which ALLN practitioners express motivations at odds with policy imperatives and enact professionalisation in ways that arguably hijack the momentum and resource that the policy provides.
Editorial
Authors: Black Stephen , Coben Diana , Gordon Katherine , McCartney Niki , Scheeres Hermine , Searle Jeane , Wickert Rosie , Yasukawa Keiko 
Published: October 2014

This issue of Literacy and Numeracy Studies: An international journal in the education and training of adults marks the 21st volume of the journal, previously published as Open Letter: Australian Journal for Adult Literacy Research and Practice.
A 35-year comparison of children labelled as gifted, unlabelled as gifted and average-ability
Authors: Freeman Joan 
Published: October 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X14273Why are some children seen as gifted while others of identical ability are not? To find out why and what the consequences might be, in 1974 I began in England with 70 children labelled as gifted. Each one was matched for age, sex and socio-economic level with two comparison children in the same school class. The first comparison child had an identical gift, and the second taken at random. Investigation was by a battery of tests and deep questioning of pupils, teachers and parents in their schools and homes which went on for 35 years. A major significant difference was that those labelled gifted had significantly more emotional problems than either the unlabelled but identically gifted or the random controls. The vital aspects of success for the entire sample, whether gifted or not, have been hard work, emotional support and a positive personal outlook. But in general, the higher the individual’s intelligence the better their chances in life.
Altas Habilidades/Superdotação e a psicopedagogia modular: avaliando potencialidades
Authors: Veiga Elizabeth Carvalho da 
Published: October 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X14283A psicopedagogia modular é uma proposta que apresenta um modelo de avaliação dinâmica, um processo interativo, flexível e individualizado, buscando compreender a funcionalidade dos sistemas inteligentes. A presente investigação foi realizada com crianças que buscaram avaliação psicopedagógica no Núcleo de Pratica em Psicologia da PUCPR e teve por objetivos apontar a funcionalidade dos sistemas inteligentes, reconhecendo a existência ou não , de altas habilidades e identificar a predominância entre os sistemas analítico , prático ou criativo , utilizados pela clientela em questão. A metodologia de avaliação contou com os seguintes instrumentos : entrevista evolutiva modular; questionário para os pais; brasão familiar; E.M.C.A ; WISC III; provas multimodais e provas cognitivas modulares. Este processo levou aproximadamente 25 encontros de cinquenta minutos .Participaram da pesquisa 28 alunos de 8 a 17 anos de diferentes escolas de Curitiba-Pr/ Brasil. Por meio dos dados obtidos, ainda que apurados a partir de uma amostra pequena, pode-se concluir que a proposta da Psicopedagogia Modular com seu modelo dinâmico de avaliação, favoreceu a identificação das altas habilidades/superdotação, na sua especificidade, ou seja , considerando a multiplicidade dos sistemas inteligentes e as habilidades envolvidas nos processos mentais que sustentam as inteligências analítica, prática e criativa. A visão modular no processo de identificação traz uma identidade ao superdotado, tirando-o da concepção generalista.
Perspectives on Physical Activity Among People with Multiple Sclerosis Who Are Wheelchair Users
Authors: Learmonth Yvonne C. , Rice Ian M. , Ostler Teresa , Rice Laura A. , Motl Robert W. 
Published: October 2014

Background: People with advanced multiple sclerosis (MS) are less physically active than those with milder forms of the disease, and wheelchair use has a negative association with physical activity participation. Thus, wheelchair users with MS are doubly disadvantaged for accruing the benefits of physical activity and exercise. Appropriate physical activity and exercise interventions are needed for this population.
Methods: We undertook a qualitative study to explore the meanings, motivations, and outcomes of physical activity in wheelchair users with MS. We sought to understand daily opportunities to accumulate physical activity and exercise, and to identify perceived barriers, facilitators, and benefits that might inform the design of future interventions.
Results: We interviewed 15 wheelchair users (mean age, 52 ± 8.8 years; n = 12 women). Data were transcribed and analyzed to identify and explore common themes. Our first theme was the reduced opportunity to participate in physical activity due to participants' dependence on mobility devices, environmental adaptations, and tangible support. Our second theme was the importance of incorporating physical activity and exercise into the everyday environment, highlighting the need for adaptive exercise and accessible environments. This indicated the need to incorporate behavior change modulators into physical activity and exercise interventions for those with advanced MS. Health-care professionals played an important role in promoting increased physical activity and exercise participation in those with advanced MS.
Conclusions: Our findings may inform future interventions to increase initiation and maintenance of physical activity and exercise among people with advanced MS.
Meningitis in HIV‐positive patients in sub‐Saharan Africa: a review
Authors: Veltman Jennifer A , Bristow Claire C , Klausner Jeffrey D 
Published: October 2014

IntroductionMeningitis is one of the leading causes of death among patients living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa. There is no widespread tracking of the incidence rates of causative agents among patients living with HIV, yet the aetiologies of meningitis are different than those of the general population.MethodsWe reviewed the scientific literature published in PubMed to determine the incidence rates of meningitis among hospitalized people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa and report our findings from seven studies across sub‐Saharan Africa.ResultsWe found high rates of cryptococcal meningitis (19–68%). Tuberculous meningitis was lower (1–36%), although some centres included possible cases as “other” meningitis; therefore, this may not be a true representation of the total cases. Pyogenic meningitis ranged from 6 to 30% and “other” meningitis ranged from 7 to 28% of all reported cases of meningitis. Mortality rates ranged from 25 to 68%. This review describes the most common aetiologies and provides practical diagnostic, treatment and prevention considerations as they apply to the individual living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa.ConclusionsDiagnosis is often limited, and wider availability of accurate and low‐cost laboratory diagnostics is desperately needed for prompt diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment. Wider acceptance and adoption of available preventative modalities can decrease the incidence of potentially fatal central nervous system infections in African patients living with HIV.
Impact of Weddell Sea deep convection on natural and anthropogenic carbon in a climate model
Authors: Bernardello Raffaele , Marinov Irina , Palter Jaime B. , Galbraith Eric D. , Sarmiento Jorge L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA climate model is used to investigate the influence of Weddell Sea open ocean deep convection on anthropogenic and natural carbon uptake for the period 1860–2100. In a three‐member ensemble climate change simulation, convection ceases on average by year 1981, weakening the net oceanic cumulative uptake of atmospheric CO2 by year 2100 (−4.3 Pg C) relative to an ocean that has continued convection. This net weakening results from a decrease in anthropogenic carbon uptake (−10.1 Pg C), partly offset by an increase in natural carbon storage (+5.8 Pg C). Despite representing only 4% of its area, the Weddell Sea is responsible for 22% of the Southern Ocean decrease in total climate‐driven carbon uptake and 52% of the decrease in the anthropogenic component of oceanic uptake. Although this is a model‐specific result, it illustrates the potential of deep convection to produce an intermodel spread in future projections of ocean carbon uptake.
Severe convection and lightning in subtropical South America
Authors: Rasmussen Kristen L. , Zuluaga Manuel D. , Houze Robert A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSatellite radar and radiometer data show that subtropical South America has the world's deepest convective storms, robust mesoscale convective systems, and very frequent large hail. We determine severe weather characteristics for the most intense precipitation features seen by satellite in this region. In summer, hail and lightning concentrate over the foothills of western Argentina. Lightning has a nocturnal maximum associated with storms having deep and mesoscale convective echoes. In spring, lightning is maximum to the east in association with storms having mesoscale structure. A tornado alley is over the Pampas, in central Argentina, distant from the maximum hail occurrence, in association with extreme storms. In summer, flash floods occur over the Andes foothills associated with storms having deep convective cores. In spring, slow‐rise floods occur over the plains with storms of mesoscale dimension. This characterization of high‐impact weather in South America provides crucial information for socioeconomic implications and public safety.