bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossing the Desert: Siyāḥa and Safar as Key Concepts in Early Sufi Literature and Life
Authors: Salamah-Qudsi Arin 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article aims to introduce some inquiries concerning travel as a customary mode of ascetic life among early Sufis in the period between the third/ninth and sixth/twelfth centuries. Two prominent concepts are involved in this discussion: siyāḥa and safar. While safar was a general term that refers to a wide spectrum of traditions and customs included in the medieval Islamic culture of travel, the term siyāḥa indicated the custom of roving in solitude without provisions undertaken by some early ascetics and Sufis. The use of both terms over the course of the period under discussion was subjected to different shifts and developments in Sufi spheres. Critical censure against the early custom of siyāḥa was made essentially out of fear of ignoring the communal religious duties of Islam. Although siyāḥa seems to have been adopted by early ascetics, it was gradually replaced by Sufi authors and theoreticians with the term safar instead. After the fifth/eleventh century, the process of the “stabilization” of Sufi activities in particular spaces contributed to change the early Sufi principle in which spiritual progress was combined with, or even conditioned upon, spatial and physical mobility. However, individual cases in which the early ideal of siyāḥa was preserved should not be neglected.
Language Rights for Indigenous Peoples: The Case of the Russian Federation
Authors: Knyazeva Elena 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The Russian Federation is one of the most multinational and heterogeneous countries in the world. There are forty seven officially recognised indigenous peoples, each with their own language. Majority of them are listed as endangered by UNESCO. 1 The situation can be defined as critical and requiring expeditious measures to revive and develop indigenous languages. This paper seeks to assess contemporary legislative and political situations relating to linguistic rights of indigenous peoples in Russia. There has been very little research on the adequacy of protection afforded to the linguistic rights of indigenous peoples in Russia under domestic law. Therefore, it is hoped that this paper will serve as a basis for a much needed academic discussion.
Pictorial Debates: The Tatar Satirical Journal Yalt-Yolt and Muslim Modernity Discourses, 1906-1917
Authors: Rorlich Azade-Ayse 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The Great Reform era in Russia, as well as the modernist movements in the Ottoman Empire and other Muslim lands represent the background against which the Muslims of the Russian Empire engaged in the scrutiny of the reasons behind the backwardness of their societies and began advocating the compatibility of Islam with modernity. After 1906, the Muslim press became the most important instrument in the creation of the public sphere where issues of tradition and modernity were debated. This essay focuses on the Tatar satirical journal Yalt-Yolt to explore its contribution to the critique of the old Muslim mentalité, as well as its role as an instrument of modernity.
Predictors of meeting physical activity and fruit and vegetable recommendations in 9–11-year-old children
Authors: Beck Jimikaye , De Witt Peter , McNally Janise , Siegfried Scott , Hill James O , Stroebele-Benschop Nanette 
Published: February 2014

Objective: Childhood obesity represents a significant public health problem. This study examined physical activity and nutrition behaviours and attitudes of 9–11-year-olds, and factors influencing these behaviours. Design: Study participants recorded pedometer steps for 7 days and completed physical activity enjoyment, food attitudes and food frequency questionnaires. Fruit and vegetable sales data were collected from schools. The setting for the study was elementary schools in metropolitan Denver, Colorado (USA). Method: Logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of meeting physical activity/fruit and vegetable intake recommendations. Results: Overall, 42.0% of boys and 44.1% of girls met step count recommendations. Further, 30.9% of boys and 32.8% of girls met step count requirements associated with low risk for overweight/obesity. Enjoyment of physical activity significantly predicted achieving recommendations. Overall, 66.4%, 51.3% and 65.8% of 9–11-year-olds achieved adequate fruit, vegetable, or fruit and vegetable intake, respectively. Enjoyment of fruit/vegetable consumption, perceived parental intake and encouragement and cups of vegetables purchased predicted achieving adequate intake. Conclusion: The majority of young people aged 9–11 years failed to meet step count recommendations to prevent the risk for overweight/obesity. A significant proportion also failed to achieve adequate fruit and/or vegetable intake. Future programmes and interventions should affect multiple environments in order to improve child enjoyment of physical activity and fruit/vegetable intake in order to improve the physical, mental and emotional health of children.
Comparing Official and Self-report Records of Offending across Gender and Race/Ethnicity in a Longitudinal Study of Serious Youthful Offenders
Authors: Piquero Alex R. , Schubert Carol A. , Brame Robert 
Published: February 2014

Objectives: Researchers have used both self-reports and official records to measure the prevalence and frequency of crime and delinquency. Few studies have compared longitudinally the validity of these two measures across gender and race/ethnicity in order to assess concordance. Methods: Using data from the Pathways to Desistance, a longitudinal study of 1,354 serious youthful offenders, we compare official records of arrest and self-reports of arrest over seven years. Results: Findings show moderate agreement between self-reports and official arrests, which is fairly stable over time and quite similar across both gender and race/ethnicity. We do not find any race differences in the prevalence of official arrests, but do observe a gender difference in official arrests that is not accounted for by self-reported arrests. Conclusions: Further work on issues on the validity and reliability of different forms of offending data across demographic groups is needed.
A bibliometric analysis of research productivity of Malaysian publications in leading toxicology journals during a 10-year period (2003–2012)
Authors: Zyoud SH , Al-Jabi SW , Sweileh WM , Awang R 
Published: February 2014

Background: Toxicology in Malaysia has experienced rapid development and made great progress in education and research in conjunction with economic development in Malaysia over the past two decades. Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to analyse the research originating from Malaysia and published in toxicology journals and to examine the authorship pattern and the citations retrieved from the Scopus database. Methods: Data from 1 January 2003 till 31 December 2012 were searched for documents with specific words in the toxicology field as a ‘source title’ and Malaysia as an affiliation country. Research productivity was evaluated based on a methodology we developed and used in other bibliometric studies by analysing: (a) total and trends of contributions in toxicology fields between 2003 and 2012; (b) Malaysian authorship pattern and productivity; (c) collaboration patterns; (d) journals in which Malaysian researchers publish; (e) the classification of journals to Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) or non-ISI; (f) impact factors (IFs) of all publications; and (g) citations received by the publications. Results: In total, 290 documents were retrieved from 55 international peer-reviewed toxicology journals. The quantity of publication increased by around 10-fold from 2003 to 2012. The h-index of the retrieved documents was 20. Of the 55 journal titles, 42 (76.4%) have their IF listed in the journal citation reports 2012. Forty-two documents (14.5%) were published in journals that had no official IF. The total number of citations, at the time of manuscript writing (5 August 2013), was 1707, with a median (interquartile range) of 3 (0–7). Malaysia collaborated mostly with countries in the Asia-Pacific regions (18.3%), especially India and Japan, followed by the Middle East and Africa (10.0%), especially Palestine and Yemen. Conclusion: The present data show a promising rise and a good start for toxicology research activity in Malaysia. The sharing of relevant research questions by developed and developing countries can lead to research opportunities in the field of toxicology.
Peroneus Longus Tears Associated With Pathology of the Os Peroneum
Authors: Stockton Kristopher G. , Brodsky James W. 
Published: February 2014

Background: There is a range of different types of tears and pathology of the peroneal tendons. One of the least common types is the tear of the peroneus longus associated with fracture, enlargement, or entrapment at the cuboid tunnel of the os peroneum. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pathologic patterns of these uncommon peroneal tendon tears, to review the treatment, and to report the patient outcomes following treatment with excision of the os peroneum, debridement, and tenodesis of the peroneus longus to the peroneus brevis. Methods: A 5-year retrospective review of all patients with peroneal tendon tears identified 12 patients operatively treated for peroneus longus tendon tears with associated pathology of the os peroneum, and in whom there was a viable peroneus brevis. All patients were treated with an operative procedure consisting of excision of the os peroneum, debridement, and tenodesis of the peroneus longus to the peroneus brevis. Mean age was 51.5 (range, 33 to 73) years, including 7 males and 5 females. Operative and radiographic records were reviewed to characterize the nature of the peroneus longus tears and associated pathology. Preoperative and postoperative AOFAS hindfoot, SF-36 questionnaires, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores were compiled and patient records were reviewed for complications. Mean follow-up after surgery was 63.3 (range, 12 to 114) months. Results: All of the patients had an os peroneum associated with a complex, irreparable tear of the peroneus longus tendon. The peroneus longus was typically enlarged, fibrotic, and adhered to the surrounding tissues. In 8 patients, the peroneus longus tendon tear was associated with a fracture of the os peroneum, and in 4 patients with an enlarged and entrapped os peroneum which prevented movement at the cuboid tunnel. Of the 12 patients, 9 had partial tears of the peroneus brevis, which were treated with debridement and suture repair. AOFAS hindfoot scores increased from a preoperative mean of 61 (range, 46 to 75) to a postoperative mean of 91.7 (range, 60 to 100). Mean preoperative SF-36 Physical Component Scores (PCS) increased from 36 to 52 postoperatively. Mean VAS pain scores decreased from a preoperative mean of 6.3 (range, 4 to 8) to a postoperative mean of 1.0 (range, 0 to 4). Complications included 2 patients with sural neuritis and 3 with superficial delayed wound healing successfully treated nonoperatively. Conclusion: Tears of the distal peroneus longus tendon, which are much less commonly reported than tears of the peroneus brevis, can be associated with pathology of the os peroneum. Excision of the os peroneum, tendon debridement, and tenodesis of the longus to brevis was an effective surgical technique. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Surgical Correction of Severe Deformity of the Ankle and Hindfoot by Arthrodesis Using a Compressing Retrograde Intramedullary Nail
Authors: Brodsky James W. , Verschae Gregorio , Tenenbaum Shay 
Published: February 2014

Background: Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with a retrograde intramedullary nail is a widely used surgical technique for the treatment of concomitant tibiotalar and subtalar arthritis and correction of accompanying deformity. This study was undertaken to evaluate the union rate, deformity correction, and clinical outcomes achieved using a compressing retrograde intramedullary nail. Methods: Thirty tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodeses with an osseous compressing arthrodesis nail system were studied with a mean follow-up of 26 months. Radiographic data were collected on deformity correction and union rate, and clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle/Hindfoot Score, and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey. Records were reviewed for complications and concomitant procedures. Results: Thirteen of 30 operated limbs had a preoperative coronal plane deformity exceeding 15 degrees. Mean magnitude of correction was 13.2 degrees (range, 0-32 degrees, standard deviation ±9.6). In total, 76% of limbs (23/30) had postoperative coronal deformity of less than 5 degrees. Union was achieved in 96.6% of patients. There were 3 cases of tibial stress reaction, 3 cases of transient plantar nerve irritation, and 3 cases of wound infection. Clinical outcomes demonstrated a reduction in mean VAS score from 6.5 to 1.3 ( P < .01), an increase in mean AOFAS Ankle/Hindfoot Scores from 29.7 to 74.3 ( P < .01), and an increase in mean total SF-36 scores from 85.6 to 98.8 ( P < .01). Conclusion: A compressing retrograde intramedullary nail was effective in achieving deformity correction, a high union rate, and improvement in clinical outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Effective communication at the point of multiple sclerosis diagnosis
Authors: Solari Alessandra 
Published: February 2014

As a consequence of the current shortened diagnostic workup, people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are rapidly confronted with a disease of uncertain prognosis that requires complex treatment decisions. This paper reviews studies that have assessed the experiences of PwMS in the peri-diagnostic period and have evaluated the efficacy of interventions providing information at this critical moment. The studies found that the emotional burden on PwMS at diagnosis was high, and emphasised the need for careful monitoring and management of mood symptoms (chiefly anxiety). Information provision did not affect anxiety symptoms but improved patients’ knowledge of their condition, the achievement of ‘informed choice’, and satisfaction with the diagnosis communication. It is vital to develop and implement information and decision aids for PwMS, but this is resource intensive, and international collaboration may be a way forward. The use of patient self-assessed outcome measures that appraise the quality of diagnosis communication is also important to allow health services to understand and meet the needs and preferences of PwMS.
Distinct patterns of health engagement among adolescents and young adults in England: implications for health services
Authors: Hargreaves Dougal S , James David , Goddings Anne-Lise , McVey Dominic , Viner Russell M. 
Published: February 2014

Aims: To compare levels of health engagement between adolescents, young adults and older adults and to investigate the association between health engagement and key health outcomes at different ages. Methods: Using the Healthy Foundations study (2008), the responses to three previously validated questions on health engagement were analysed by age group; adolescents (12-15 years; N=452), young adults (16-24 years; N=785) and older adults (25-74 years; N=4136). Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio of poor health outcomes among participants with low versus high health engagement. Results: Feeling in control of one’s own health decreased from adolescence (mean score 79.3 (95% CI 77.6,81.0)), through young adulthood (74.6 (73.1,76.1)) into older adulthood (72.2 (71.5,72.9)). In contrast, perceived involvement in health showed a U-shaped trajectory: (adolescents 72.0 (70.2,73.7), young adults 68.6 (67.1,70.1), older adults 73.8(73.1,74.5)), as did perceived importance of health (adolescents 75.0 (73.1,76.9), young adults 62.9 (61.0,64.8), older adults 77.1 (76.4,77.8)). Not feeling involved in health was more strongly associated with poor general health among adolescents (OR 1.81 (1.41,2.32)) than older adults (OR 1.19 (1.11,1.28)). Not feeling in control of health was only associated with poorer general health among young adults (OR 2.33 (1.93,2.83)) and older adults (OR 2.26 (2.10,2.44)). In contrast, lack of control over health was most strongly associated with physical inactivity among adolescents (OR 1.99 (1.49,2.66)) but this was also significant in young adults (OR 1.25 (1.06,1.48)) and older adults (OR 1.11 (1.04,1.19)). Conclusion: Young adults feel less involved in their health and rate health a less important priority than adolescents and older adults. Involvement is more strongly linked to key health behaviours among under 25s than older adults.
Pre-operative departmental ultrasound of the rotator cuff: sensitivity and specificity in a regional specialist orthopaedic centre
Authors: Punwar Shahid , Blewitt Neil 
Published: February 2014

Background The present study aimed to assess the accuracy of radiology department ultrasound scans in identifying rotator cuff tears at our institution, a regional specialist orthopaedic centre. Methods Pre-operative ultrasound scan reports were obtained from 64 consecutive patients who subsequently underwent arthroscopic subacromial decompression and/or rotator cuff repair. The ultrasound reports were compared with the arthroscopic findings as a reference standard. Results If both full- and partial-thickness tears are counted as true positives, ultrasound has a sensitivity of 70%, a specificity of 67% and a positive predictive value of 81%. If only partial tears are counted as true positives, sensitivity decreases to 8% and positive predictive value to 10%. The mean time lag from scan to surgery was 44 weeks. Conclusions A positive pre-operative ultrasound scan at our institution predicts an actual rotator cuff tear in 70% of cases. However, it is not accurate with respect to identifying partial-thickness tears or distinguishing them from full-thickness defects. Ultrasound scanning is highly operator dependent and, in addition, its accuracy may be affected by the lengthy time period from scanning to surgery. Clinicians should be cautious in proceeding to surgery based on the ultrasound findings.
Patient-reported outcomes following a physiotherapy rehabilitation programme for atraumatic posterior shoulder subluxation
Authors: Blacknall James , Mackie Ann , Wallace W Angus 
Published: February 2014

Background There is a paucity of research that describes the patient-reported benefits of physiotherapy rehabilitation for atraumatic posterior instability despite non-operative treatment being considered the initial treatment of choice. This retrospective case series review describes the patient-reported outcomes following a physiotherapy rehabilitation programme for atraumatic posterior shoulder instability. Methods Nineteen consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of atraumatic posterior shoulder subluxation completed our physiotherapy programme. All patients completed Oxford Instability Shoulder scores (OISS) and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) scores before and after physiotherapy intervention. Results Patients reported a statistically significant clinical improvement in the main outcome measures following physiotherapy intervention. The OISS showed a mean improvement of 18.6 points, whereas the WOSI score showed a mean improvement of 37.2%. Following physiotherapy rehabilitation, all patients reported that their shoulder did not prevent them from performing their work/studies or their chosen hobbies/sports. Conclusions Our results support the view that specialized physiotherapy rehabilitation is a valuable treatment option for atraumatic posterior shoulder instability and reveal significant clinically important improvements in patient-reported outcomes.
Fast fixing and comprehensive identification to help improve real-time ligands discovery based on formaldehyde crosslinking, immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE separation
Authors: Zhu Lisi , Li Menglin , Wei Lilong , Liu Xuejiao , Yin Jianrui , Gao Youhe 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Fast Fixation is necessary to study real-time protein-protein interactions under physiological conditions. Fast formaldehyde cross-linking can fix transient and weak protein interactions, thereby reducing the number of false negatives but producing great complexity. To reduce this complexity, immunoaffinity purification can Fish out complexes that include particular target proteins, but affinity-based co-purification has a limited capacity to eliminate nonspecific binding to beads and/or antibodies. To Filter out these complexes, SDS-PAGE is used to disrupt non-covalent bonds, thereby eliminating uncross-linked complexes and simultaneously providing molecular weight information for identification.

Results
We described a 4 F strategy to help improve real-time ligands discovery based on formaldehyde crosslinking, immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE separation: Fast Fix, Fish, and Filter, using albumin interactome as an example. The use of gel excision without staining makes this strategy comprehensive and sensitive. The target protein must be identified in the same slice as its ligands. The ligands must be identified in slices for the experimental group but not in the corresponding control slices. Only proteins that appear in the range of molecular weights equal to or greater than the sum of the proteins’ theoretical molecular weights, together with the target, are considered ligands. In this study, 5 s of cross-linking with 10% formaldehyde was achieved in human blood. The use of this strategy identified 35 ligands for albumin. Comparison with four major previous studies of the albuminome revealed that 68.57% of the 35 ligands identified in our study were identified in these other studies.

Conclusions
Fast cross-linking was achieved. The 4 F strategy can be used to identify real-time in situ interactions without prior intervention and to comprehensively identify ligands of particular target proteins with fewer false positives.
Characterization of path loss and absorption for a wireless radio frequency link between an in-body endoscopy capsule and a receiver outside the body
Authors: Lopez-Linares Roman Karen , Vermeeren Günter , Thielens Arno , Joseph Wout , Martens Luc 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Physical-layer characterization is important for design of in-to-out body communication for wireless body area networks (WBANs). This paper numerically investigates the path loss and absorption of an in-to-out body radio frequency (RF) wireless link between an endoscopy capsule and a receiver outside the body using a 3D electromagnetic solver. A spiral antenna in the endoscopy capsule is tuned to operate in the Medical Implant Communication Service (MICS) band at 402 MHz, accounting for the properties of the human body. The influence of misalignment, rotation of the capsule, and three different human models are investigated. Semi-empirical path loss models for various homogeneous tissues and 3D realistic human body models are provided for manufacturers to evaluate the performance of in-body to out-body WBAN systems. The specific absorption rate (SAR) in homogeneous and heterogeneous body models is characterized and compliance is investigated.