bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extrapolating active layer thickness measurements across Arctic polygonal terrain using LiDAR and NDVI data sets
Authors: Gangodagamage Chandana , Rowland Joel C. , Hubbard Susan S. , Brumby Steven P. , Liljedahl Anna K. , Wainwright Haruko , Wilson Cathy J. , Altmann Garrett L. , Dafflon Baptiste , Peterson John , Ulrich Craig , Tweedie Craig E. , Wullschleger Stan D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLandscape attributes that vary with microtopography, such as active layer thickness (ALT), are labor intensive and difficult to document effectively through in situ methods at kilometer spatial extents, thus rendering remotely sensed methods desirable. Spatially explicit estimates of ALT can provide critically needed data for parameterization, initialization, and evaluation of Arctic terrestrial models. In this work, we demonstrate a new approach using high‐resolution remotely sensed data for estimating centimeter‐scale ALT in a 5 km2 area of ice‐wedge polygon terrain in Barrow, Alaska. We use a simple regression‐based, machine learning data‐fusion algorithm that uses topographic and spectral metrics derived from multisensor data (LiDAR and WorldView‐2) to estimate ALT (2 m spatial resolution) across the study area. Comparison of the ALT estimates with ground‐based measurements, indicates the accuracy (r2 = 0.76, RMSE ±4.4 cm) of the approach. While it is generally accepted that broad climatic variability associated with increasing air temperature will govern the regional averages of ALT, consistent with prior studies, our findings using high‐resolution LiDAR and WorldView‐2 data, show that smaller‐scale variability in ALT is controlled by local eco‐hydro‐geomorphic factors. This work demonstrates a path forward for mapping ALT at high spatial resolution and across sufficiently large regions for improved understanding and predictions of coupled dynamics among permafrost, hydrology, and land‐surface processes from readily available remote sensing data.
Carboxyfullerene neuroprotection postinjury in Parkinsonian nonhuman primates
Authors: Dugan Laura L. , Tian LinLin , Quick Kevin L. , Hardt Josh I. , Karimi Morvarid , Brown Chris , Loftin Susan , Flores Hugh , Moerlein Stephen M. , Polich John , Tabbal Samer D. , Mink Jonathan W. , Perlmutter Joel S. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveWe evaluated the efficacy of the potent antioxidant C3 to salvage nigrostriatal neuronal function after 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) exposure in nonhuman primates. C3 is a first‐in‐class functionalized water‐soluble fullerene that reduces oxygen radical species associated with neurodegeneration in in vitro studies. However, C3 has not been evaluated as a neuroprotective agent in a Parkinson model in vivo.MethodsMacaque fascicularis monkeys were used in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study design. MPTP‐lesioned primates were given systemic C3 (n = 8) or placebo (n = 7) for 2 months starting 1 week after MPTP. Outcomes included in vivo behavioral measures of motor parkinsonism using a validated nonhuman primate rating scale, kinematic analyses of peak upper extremity velocity, positron emission tomography imaging of 6‐[18F]fluorodopa (FD; reflects dopa decarboxylase) and [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ; reflects vesicular monoamine transporter type 2), ex vivo quantification of striatal dopamine, and stereologic counts of tyrosine hydroxylase–immunostained neurons in substantia nigra.ResultsAfter 2 months, C3‐treated monkeys had significantly improved parkinsonian motor ratings, greater striatal FD and DTBZ uptake, and higher striatal dopamine levels. None of the C3‐treated animals developed any toxicity.InterpretationSystemic treatment with C3 reduced striatal injury and improved motor function despite administration after the MPTP injury process had begun. These data strongly support further development of C3 as a promising therapeutic agent for Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2014;76:393–402
Synthesis and drug‐release studies of low‐fouling zwitterionic hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength
Authors: Zeng Renchang , Cheng Jiang , Xu Shouping , Liu Qin , Wen Xiufang , Pi Pihui 
Published: July 2014

AbstractReversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization was introduced to prepare a series of zwitterionic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐g‐poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) hydrogels (HSGs) with different monomer feed ratios. Compared with PSBMA hydrogels, these hydrogels exhibited enhanced mechanical strengths. Then, the HSGs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and swelling measurements. We found that the equilibrium swelling ratios, mechanical strengths, and drug‐release behaviors were significantly affected by the feed ratios of the gels. The hydrophilic tetracycline hydrochloride release results suggest that the hydrophilic drug release from the HSGs could be prolonged by the variation of the hydroxyethyl methacrylate amount in the gel networks. The bovine serum albumin adsorption data showed that the zwitterionic HSG with 18.2 wt % sulfobetaine methacrylate exhibited good protein‐resistance properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41041.
New Trifluoromethylated Derivatives of Metal Nitride Clusterfullerenes: Sc3N@Ih‐C80(CF3)14 and Sc3N@D5h‐C80(CF3)16
Authors: Wei Tao , Tamm Nadezhda B. , Yang Shangfeng , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTrifluoromethylated derivatives of Sc3N@Ih‐C80 and Sc3N@D5h‐C80 were synthesized by the reaction with CF3I at 440 °C. HPLC separation of the mixture of Sc3N@D5h‐C80(CF3)n derivatives resulted in isolation and X‐ray structure determination of Sc3N@D5h‐C80(CF3)16, which represents a precursor of the known Sc3N@D5h‐C80(CF3)18. Among the CF3 derivatives of Sc3N@Ih‐C80, two new isomers of Sc3N@Ih‐C80(CF3)14 (Sc‐14‐VI and Sc‐14‐VII) were isolated by HPLC, and their molecular structures were determined by X‐ray diffraction, thus enabling a comprehensive comparison of altogether seven isomers. Two types of addition patterns with different orientations of the Sc3N cluster relative to the Ih‐C80 fullerene cage were established. In particular, Sc‐14‐VII represents a direct precursor of the known Sc3N@Ih‐C80(CF3)16‐II. All molecular structures exhibit an ordered position of a Sc3N cluster inside the fullerene C80 cage.
Unique Properties of 2 D Layered Titanate Nanosheets as a Building Block for the Optimization of the Photocatalytic Activity and Photostability of TiO2‐Based Nanohybrids
Authors: Jo Yun Kyung , Kim In Young , Gunjakar Jayavant L. , Lee Jang Mee , Lee Nam‐Suk , Lee Sang‐Hyup , Hwang Seong‐Ju 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn comparison with the hybridization with 0D TiO2 nanoparticle, 2D layered TiO2 nanosheets are much more effective in the improvement of the photocatalytic activity and photostability of semiconducting compounds. The 2D TiO2–Ag3PO4 nanohybrid described in this paper shows a greater decrease in the electron‐hole recombination upon hybridization and a stronger chemical interaction between the components than the 0D homologue. This result confirms the benefits of 2D layered TiO2 nanosheets as a building block for efficient hybrid‐type photocatalyst materials.
The Impact of Cyclopropane Configuration on the Biological Activity of Cyclopropyl‐Epothilones
Authors: Gaugaz Fabienne Z. , Redondo‐Horcajo Mariano , Barasoain Isabel , Díaz J. Fernando , Cobos‐Correa Amanda , Kaufmann Markus , Altmann Karl‐Heinz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTwo cis‐12,13‐cyclopropyl‐epothilone B variants have been synthesized, differing only in the configuration of the stereocenters at C12 and C13. The syntheses were based on a common allylic alcohol intermediate that was converted into the corresponding diastereomeric hydroxymethyl‐cyclopropanes by means of stereoselective Charette cyclopropanations. Macrocyclizations were accomplished through ring‐closing metathesis (RCM). Substantial differences between the two compounds were found with regard to microtubule binding affinity, antiproliferative activity and their effects on the cellular microtubule network. While the analogue with the cyclopropane moiety oriented in a corresponding way to the epoxide configuration in natural epothilones was almost equipotent with epothilone A, the other was significantly less active. Based on these findings, natural epothilone‐like activity of cis‐fused 12,13‐cyclopropyl‐epothilone analogues is tightly linked to the natural orientation of the cyclopropane moiety.
Molecular Recognition of Two 2,4‐syn‐Functionalized (S)‐Glutamate Analogues by the Kainate Receptor GluK3 Ligand Binding Domain
Authors: Venskutonytė Raminta , Larsen Anja P. , Frydenvang Karla , Gajhede Michael , Sagot Emmanuelle , Assaf Zeinab , Gefflaut Thierry , Pickering Darryl S. , Bunch Lennart , Kastrup Jette S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe kainate receptors are the least studied subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors. These receptors are thought to have a neuromodulatory role and have been associated with a variety of disorders in the central nervous system. This makes kainate receptors interesting potential drug targets. Today, structures of the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the kainate receptor GluK3 are only known in complex with the endogenous agonist glutamate, the natural product kainate, and two synthetic agonists. Herein we report structures of GluK3 LBD in complex with two 2,4‐syn‐functionalized (S)‐glutamate analogues to investigate their structural potential as chemical scaffolds. Similar binding affinities at GluK3 were determined for the 2‐(methylcarbamoyl)ethyl analogue (Ki=4.0 μM) and the 2‐(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl analogue (Ki=1.7 μM), in agreement with the similar positioning of the compounds within the binding pocket. As the binding affinity is similar to that of glutamate, this type of Cγ substituent could be used as a scaffold for introduction of even larger substituents reaching into unexplored binding site regions to achieve subtype selectivity.
Electrocatalysis of Water Oxidation by H2O‐Capped Iridium‐Oxide Nanoparticles Electrodeposited on Spectroscopic Graphite
Authors: Mirbagheri Naghmehalsadat , Chevallier Jacques , Kibsgaard Jakob , Besenbacher Flemming , Ferapontova Elena E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractElectrocatalysis of water oxidation by 1.54 nm IrOx nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on spectroscopic graphite electrodes was demonstrated to proceed with a higher efficiency than on all other, hitherto reported, electrode supports. IrOx NPs were electrodeposited on the graphite surface, and their electrocatalytic activity for water oxidation was correlated with the surface concentrations of different redox states of IrOx as a function of the deposition time and potential. Under optimal conditions, the overpotential of the reaction was reduced to 0.21 V and the electrocatalytic current density was 43 mA cm−2 at 1 V versus Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) and pH 7. These results beneficially compete with previously reported electrocatalytic oxidations of water by IrOx NPs electrodeposited onto glassy carbon and indium tin oxide electrodes and provide the basis for the further development of efficient IrOx NP‐based electrocatalysts immobilized on high‐surface‐area carbon electrode materials.
Laser Mass Spectrometry with Circularly Polarized Light: Circular Dichroism of Cold Molecules in a Supersonic Gas Beam
Authors: Titze Katharina , Zollitsch Tilo , Heiz Ulrich , Boesl Ulrich 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn experiment on chiral molecules that combines circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, mass‐selective detection by laser mass spectrometry (MS), and cooling of molecules by using a supersonic beam is presented. The combination of the former two techniques (CD–laser‐MS) is a new method to investigate chiral molecules and is now used by several research groups. Cooling in a supersonic beam supplies a substantial increase in spectroscopic resolution, a feature that has not yet been used in CD spectroscopy. In the experiments reported herein, a large variation in the electronic CD of carbonyl 3‐methylcyclopentanone was observed depending on the excited vibrational modes in the n→π* transition. This finding should be of interest for the detection of chiral molecules and for the theoretical understanding of the CD of vibronic bands. It is expected that this effect will show up in other chiral carbonyls because the n→π* transition is typical for the carbonyl group.
Effects of Information Organization and Presentation on Human Performance in Simulated Main Control Room Procedure Tasks
Authors: Ding Xuansheng , Li Zhizhong , Dong Xiaolu , Gao Qin , Song Fei , Wang Qiuyu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe organization and presentation of information are critical in designing a display for industrial safety‐critical systems. How they affect human performance is not fully studied yet. Functional displays are newly proposed for nuclear power plant (NPP) main control rooms. The effect of functional organization and the choice of information presentation styles need to be examined. This study aims to explore the effects of information organization (process display vs. functional display), parameter presentation (text vs. bar chart), and component presentation (mimic vs. simplified graph) for better understanding the pros and cons of functional displays designed following function based task analysis (FBTA). Performance data were collected from simulated procedure tasks using eight (2 × 2 × 2) displays. The results indicate that the functional display based on FBTA was more effective than the process display, and this could be mainly attributed to its functional information organization rather than to its presentation styles of parameters and components.
An examination of geochemical modelling approaches to tracing sediment sources incorporating distribution mixing and elemental correlations
Authors: Laceby J. Patrick , Olley Jon 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe identification of sediment sources is fundamental to the management of increasingly scarce water resources. Tracing the origin of sediment with elemental geochemistry is a well‐established approach to determining sediment provenance. Fundamental to the confident apportionment of sediment to their lithogenic sources is the modelling process. Recent approaches have incorporated distributions throughout the modelling process including source contribution terms for two end‐member sources. The shift from modelling source samples to modelling samples drawn from distributions has removed relationships, including potential correlations between elemental concentrations, from the modelling process. Here, we present a novel modelling approach that re‐incorporates correlations between elemental concentrations and models distributions for source contribution terms for multiple source end members. Artificial mixtures, based on catchment sources samples, were created to test the accuracy of this correlated distribution model and also examine modelling approaches used in the literature. The most accurate model incorporates correlations between elements, uses the absolute mixing model difference and does not use any weighting. This model was then applied to identify the sources of sediment in three South East Queensland catchments and demonstrated that Quaternary Alluvium is the most dominant source of sediment in these catchments (μ 44%, σ 12%). This study demonstrates that it is important to understand how different weightings may impact modelling results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rumination and Emotions in Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury and Eating Disorder Behaviors: A Preliminary Test of the Emotional Cascade Model
Authors: Arbuthnott Alexis E. , Lewis Stephen P. , Bailey Heidi N. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveThis study examined relations between repeated rumination trials and emotions in nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and eating disorder behaviors (EDBs) within the context of the emotional cascade model (Selby, Anestis, & Joiner, ).MethodRumination was repeatedly induced in 342 university students (79.2% female, Mage = 18.61, standard error = .08); negative and positive emotions were reported after each rumination trial. Repeated measures analyses of variance were used to examine the relations between NSSI and EDB history and changes in emotions.ResultsNSSI history associated with greater initial increases in negative emotions, whereas EDB history associated with greater initial decreases in positive emotions. Baseline negative emotional states and trait emotion regulation mediated the relation between NSSI/EDB history and emotional states after rumination.ConclusionAlthough NSSI and EDBs share similarities in emotion dysregulation, differences also exist. Both emotion dysregulation and maladaptive cognitive processes should be targeted in treatment for NSSI and EDBs.
Orthotopic Wilms tumor xenografts derived from cell lines reflect limited aspects of tumor morphology and clinical characteristics
Authors: Mengelbier Linda Holmquist , Bexell Daniel , Sehic Daniel , Ciornei Cristina D. , Gisselsson David 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundWilms tumor (WT) is a pediatric tumor of the kidney, the treatment of which includes heavy chemotherapy. Affected children would likely benefit from more targeted therapies with limited side effects. Establishment of relevant orthotopic WT xenografts is important to better understand mechanisms of WT growth and for preclinical drug testing.ProcedureHere we established and characterized orthotopic xenografts from WT cell lines WiT49, CCG‐99‐11, and WT‐CLS1 to ascertain in what aspects each of them recapitulated WT histology, immunophenotype, invasion, and metastatic spread.ResultsWiT49 xenografts recapitulated near triphasic WTs with clear WT1 staining and anaplastic features, but with tumor restricted to the kidney. On the contrary both CCG‐99‐11 and WT‐CLS1 xenografts conveyed metastatic disease. CCG‐99‐11 showed a blastemal phenotype whereas WT‐CLS1 xenografts did not properly reflect any specific WT subtype.ConclusionsFrom the three tested cell lines, orthotopic WiT49 xenografts best reflect the triphasic pattern of classical WT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1949–1954. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Significance of clinical and biologic features in Stage 3 neuroblastoma: A report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group project
Authors: Meany Holly J. , London Wendy B. , Ambros Peter F. , Matthay Katherine K. , Monclair Tom , Simon Thorsten , Garaventa Alberto , Berthold Frank , Nakagawara Akira , Cohn Susan L. , Pearson Andrew D.J. , Park Julie R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundInternational Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) Stage 3 neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous disease. Data from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) database were analyzed to define patient and tumor characteristics predictive of outcome.ProcedureOf 8,800 patients in the INRG database, 1,483 with INSS Stage 3 neuroblastoma and complete follow‐up data were analyzed. Secondary analysis was performed in 1,013 patients (68%) with MYCN‐non‐amplified (NA) tumors. Significant prognostic factors were identified via log‐rank test comparisons of survival curves. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify factors independently predictive of event‐free survival (EFS).ResultsAge at diagnosis (P < 0.0001), tumor MYCN status (P < 0.0001), and poorly differentiating/undifferentiated histology (P = 0.03) were independent predictors of EFS. Compared to other Stage 3 subgroups, outcome was inferior for patients ≥547 days with MYCN‐NA neuroblastoma (P < 0.0001), and within this cohort, serum ferritin ≥96 ng/ml was associated with inferior EFS (P = 0.02). For patients <547 days of age with MYCN‐NA tumors, serum ferritin levels were prognostic of overall survival (OS) (P = 0.04) and chromosome 11q aberration was prognostic of EFS (P = 0.03).ConclusionsAmong patients with INSS Stage 3 neuroblastoma patients, age at diagnosis, MYCN status and histology predict outcome. Patients <547 days of age with MYCN‐NA tumors that lack chromosome 11q aberrations or those with serum ferritin <96 ng/ml have excellent prognosis and should be considered for therapy reduction. Prospective clinical trials are needed to identify optimal therapy for those patients ≥547 days of age with undifferentiated histology or elevated serum ferritin. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1932–1939. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigating mechanisms behind offset analgesia: Effect on spinal responses during thermal stimulation
Authors: Larsen Thomas Kronborg , Egmose Andreas , Enggaard Marianne , Hugosdóttir Rósa , Arguissain Federico , Manresa José Biurrun , Mørch Carsten Dahl 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Offset analgesia (OA) is a temporal perceptual mechanism in which subjective pain ratings decrease disproportionally when a noxious heat stimulus is decreased by 1–3 ◦C. Whether OA is a peripheral, spinal or supraspinal mechanism remains unknown. The stimulation of afferent nociceptors in the foot, leads to a spinal nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) which is mediated through the wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons and therefore under descending control. We hypothesized that OA affects the spinal nociceptive neurons resulting in an attenuation of the NWR during OA.

Methods
Four heat stimulations profiles were applied to the lower legs divided into four segments of 5 s, 5 s, 5 s, and 15 s, respectively: Offset Analgesia Trial (OAT) (48, 49, 48, 48 ◦C), Offset Baseline Trial (OBT) (48, 49, 32, 32 ◦C), Constant Heat Trial (CHT) (4 × 48 ◦C), and Baseline Trial (BT) (4 × 32 ◦C). Subjects rated the pain intensity continuously using a visual analog scale (VAS). NWR were evoked by electrical stimulation of the plantar foot and assessed once during each segment by recording EMG from the tibialis anterior muscle.

Results
VAS-ratings were lower during the third period of OAT compared to CHT (p < 0.001). However, there was no difference (p > 0.05) comparing the NWR size between OAT, OBT, CHT, and BT throughout the time periods.

Conclusions
The NWR was not affected by OA suggesting that spinal WDR plays a limited role in the OA mechanism. Whether peripheral- or supraspinal mechanisms are responsible the OA phenomenon remains unknown.
Inflammation-reactive astrocytes can be restored with a three drug combination
Authors: Hansson E. , Block L. , Björklund U. , Biber B. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Aims
In inflammation-reactive astrocytes the cell parameters, Ca2+ signalling, Na+ transporters, cytoskeleton, and release of proinflammatory cytokines are affected. We want to re-establish these parameters with agents, which might have a potential to restore the cells back to a normal non-inflammatory level.

Methods
Astrocytes in primary cultures were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 ng/ml) for 24 h to become inflammation-reactive. Different parameters were analysed to verify this inflammation: Ca2+ signalling, Na+/K+-ATPase expression, actin filament organization, and interleukin-1beta release (IL-1β).

Results
We have used an opioid agonist, endomorphin-1, that stimulates the Gi/o protein of the μ-opioid receptor, an opioid antagonist, naloxone, that inhibits the Gs protein of the μ-opioid receptor in ultralow concentrations, and an anti-epileptic agent, levetiracetam, that counteracts the release of IL-1β. The combination of these three agents managed to activate the Gi/o protein and Na+/K+-ATPase activity, inhibit the Gs protein, and decrease the release of IL-1β. The disorganized actin filaments were restored.

Conclusions
The findings that the important cell parameters in astrocytes were restored back to their normal non-inflammatory state after the cells were treated with the inflammatory agent LPS could be of clinical significance. It may be useful for the treatment of neuroinflammation and also maybe of long-term pain. The astrocyte networks play a significant role and therefore a well-working intercellular Ca2+ signalling is of utmost importance.

Significance
These findings put new potential drug regimens towards treatment of neuroinflammation and long-term pain into focus.