bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF ALKALINE POTASSIUM AND SODIUM SALTS ON GROWTH, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, IONS ABSORPTION AND SOLUTES SYNTHESIS OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS
Authors: LI XIAOYU , MU CHUNSHENG , LIN JIXIANG , WANG YING , LI XIUJUN 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYPotassium (K) is an essential nutrient and abundant cation in plant cells. The application of K+could alleviate abiotic stress. However, it was reported that the alleviation of K+on salt-stressed plants only happened when K+concentration was low. Most studies were focused on effects of sodium salts on plants in salty soils, and little information was reported about potassium salts, especially a higher level of potassium in alkaline salts. To explore the effects of K+in alkaline salts on plant growth, and whether it had a same destructive impact as Na+, we mixed two alkaline sodium salts (ASS) (NaHCO3:Na2CO3= 9:1) and two alkaline potassium salts (APS) (KHCO3:K2CO3= 9:1) to treat 10-day-old wheat seedlings. Effects of ASS and APS on growth, photosynthesis, ions absorption and solutes accumulation were compared. Results indicated that effects of potassium salts in soil on plants growth were related to K+concentration. Both growth and photosynthesis of wheat seedlings decreased, and the reduction was higher in APS treatment than in ASS treatment at 40 mM alkalinity. ASS treatment absorbed Na+, competing with K+and free Ca2+, and inhibited the absorption of inorganic anions. APS treatments accumulated K+and reduced the absorption of anions, with no competition with other cations. Both APS and ASS treatments promoted free Mg2+accumulation and inhibited H2PO4−uptake. The reduction of H2PO4−promoted organic acid synthesis indirectly. Soluble sugar and proline accumulation were also related to the alkaline condition and extra K+addition. In conclusion, excess potassium ions in soil, especially in alkaline soils, were harmful to plants. APS was another severe salt stress, intensity of which was higher than ASS. The growth and physiological response mechanisms of wheat seedlings to APS were similar to ASS. Both inorganic ions and organic solutes took part in the osmotic adjustment. Differences for APS depended on K+, but ASS on Na+.
Thrombotic events in critically ill children with myocarditis
Authors: Lin Kimberly Y. , Kerur Basavaraj , Witmer Char M. , Beslow Lauren A. , Licht Daniel J. , Ichord Rebecca N. , Kaufman Beth D. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackground: Children with myocarditis have multiple risk factors for thrombotic events, yet the role of antithrombotic therapy is unclear in this population. We hypothesised that thrombotic events in critically ill children with myocarditis are common and that children with myocarditis are at higher risk for thrombotic events than children with non-inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of all children presenting to a single centre cardiac intensive care unit with myocarditis from 1995 to 2008. A comparison group of children with dilated cardiomyopathy was also examined. Antithrombotic regimens were recorded. The primary outcome of thrombotic events included intracardiac clots and any thromboembolic events. Results: Out of 45 cases with myocarditis, 40% were biopsy-proven, 24% viral polymerase chain reaction-supported, and 36% diagnosed based on high clinical suspicion. There were two (4.4%) thrombotic events in the myocarditis group and three (6.7%) in the dilated cardiomyopathy group (p = 1.0). Neither the use of any antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy, use of intravenous immune globulin, presence of any arrhythmia, nor need for mechanical circulatory support were predictive of thrombotic events in the myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, or combined groups. Conclusions: Thrombotic events in critically ill children with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy occurred in 6% of the combined cohort. There was no difference in thrombotic events between inflammatory and non-inflammatory cardiomyopathy groups, suggesting that the decision to use antithrombotic prophylaxis should be based on factors other than the underlying aetiology of a child's acute decompensated heart failure.
Automatic Identification and Validation of Planar Collagen Organization in the Aorta Wall with Application to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Polzer Stanislav , Gasser T. Christian , Forsell Caroline , Druckmüllerova Hana , Tichy Michal , Staffa Robert , Vlachovsky Robert , Bursa Jiri 
Published: September 2013

AbstractArterial physiology relies on a delicate three-dimensional (3D) organization of cells and extracellular matrix, which is remarkably altered by vascular diseases like abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The ability to explore the micro-histology of the aorta wall is important in the study of vascular pathologies and in the development of vascular constitutive models, i.e., mathematical descriptions of biomechanical properties of the wall. The present study reports and validates a fast image processing sequence capable of quantifying collagen fiber organization from histological stains. Powering and re-normalizing the histogram of the classical fast Fourier transformation (FFT) is a key step in the proposed analysis sequence. This modification introduces a powering parameterw, which was calibrated to best fit the reference data obtained using classical FFT and polarized light microscopy (PLM) of stained histological slices of AAA wall samples. The values ofw= 3 and 7 give the best correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient larger than 0.7,R2about 0.7) with the classical FFT approach and PLM measurements. A fast and operator independent method to identify collagen organization in the arterial wall was developed and validated. This overcomes severe limitations of currently applied methods like PLM to identify collagen organization in the arterial wall.
Genetic design of enhanced valley splitting towards a spin qubit in silicon
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Luo Jun-Wei , Saraiva Andre , Koiller Belita , Zunger Alex 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe long spin coherence time and microelectronics compatibility of Si makes it an attractive material for realizing solid-state qubits. Unfortunately, the orbital (valley) degeneracy of the conduction band of bulk Si makes it difficult to isolate individual two-level spin-1/2 states, limiting their development. This degeneracy is lifted within Si quantum wells clad between Ge-Si alloy barrier layers, but the magnitude of the valley splittings achieved so far is small—of the order of 1 meV or less—degrading the fidelity of information stored within such a qubit. Here we combine an atomistic pseudopotential theory with a genetic search algorithm to optimize the structure of layered-Ge/Si-clad Si quantum wells to improve this splitting. We identify an optimal sequence of multiple Ge/Si barrier layers that more effectively isolates the electron ground state of a Si quantum well and increases the valley splitting by an order of magnitude, to ∼9 meV.
On the behavior of test ideals under finite morphisms
Authors: Schwede Karl , Tucker Kevin 
Published: September 2013

We derive precise transformation rules for test ideals under an arbitrary finite surjective morphism

π
:
Y
→
X

\pi \colon Y \to X

of normal varieties in prime characteristic

p
>
0

p > 0

. Specifically, given a ℚ

-divisor

Δ

X

\Delta _{X}

on

X
X

and any

O

X

\mathcal {O}_{X}

-linear map

T

:
K
(
Y
)
→
K
(
X
)

\mathfrak {T} \colon K(Y) \to K(X)

, we associate a ℚ

-divisor

Δ

Y

\Delta _{Y}

on

Y
Y

such that

T

(

π

∗

τ
(
Y
;

Δ

Y

)
)
=
τ
(
X
;

Δ

X

)

\mathfrak {T} ( \pi _{*}\tau (Y;\Delta _{Y})) = \tau (X;\Delta _{X})

. When

π
\pi

is separable and

T

=

Tr

Y

/

X

\mathfrak {T} = \operatorname {Tr}_{Y/X}

is the field trace, we have

Δ

Y

=

π

∗

Δ

X

−

Ram

π

\Delta _{Y} = \pi ^{*} \Delta _{X} - \operatorname {Ram}_{\pi }

, where

Ram

π

\operatorname {Ram}_{\pi }

is the ramification divisor. If, in addition,

Tr

Y

/

X

⁡
(

π

∗

O

Y

)
=

O

X

\operatorname {Tr}_{Y/X}(\pi _{*}\mathcal {O}_{Y}) = \mathcal {O}_{X}

, we conclude that

π

∗

τ
(
Y
;

Δ

Y

)
∩
K
(
X
)
=
τ
(
X
;

Δ

X

)

\pi _{*}\tau (Y;\Delta _{Y}) \cap K(X) = \tau (X;\Delta _{X})

and thereby recover the analogous transformation rule to multiplier ideals in characteristic zero. Our main technique is a careful study of when an

O

X

\mathcal {O}_{X}

-linear map

F

∗

O

X

→

O

X

F_{*} \mathcal {O}_{X} \to \mathcal {O}_{X}

lifts to an

O

Y

\mathcal {O}_{Y}

-linear map

F

∗

O

Y

→

O

Y

F_{*} \mathcal {O}_{Y} \to \mathcal {O}_{Y}

, and the results obtained about these liftings are of independent interest as they relate to the theory of Frobenius splittings. In particular, again assuming

Tr

Y

/

X

⁡
(

π

∗

O

Y

)
=

O

X

\operatorname {Tr}_{Y/X}(\pi _{*}\mathcal {O}_{Y}) = \mathcal {O}_{X}

, we obtain transformation results for

F
F

-pure singularities under finite maps which mirror those for log canonical singularities in characteristic zero. Finally, we explore new conditions on the singularities of the ramification locus, which imply that, for a finite extension of normal domains

R
⊆
S

R \subseteq S

in characteristic

p
>
0

p > 0

, the trace map

T

:
Frac
⁡
S
→
Frac
⁡
R

\mathfrak {T} : \operatorname {Frac} S \to \operatorname {Frac} R

sends

S
S

onto

R
R

.
Open innovation in an emerging economy
Authors: Scott Gregory , Chaston Ian 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of firms in Peru in relation to open innovation.Design/methodology/approachData were acquired through a survey of Peruvian middle and senior managers.FindingsPeruvian firms engaged in open innovation did report higher sales growth. The study indicated that involvement in open innovation included activities to reduce operating costs and improve internal processes, as well as exploiting the process to assist the development of new or improved products.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of this paper, although restricted to Peruvian organizations, suggest that firms operating in an emerging economy may find involvement in open innovation which is an effective strategy for enhancing organizational performance.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper is the focus on open innovation in an emerging economy.
Population‐based determinants of radical prostatectomy operative time
Authors: Carter Stacey C. , Lipsitz Stuart , Shih Ya‐Chen T. , Nguyen Paul L. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Hu Jim C. 
Published: September 2013

Objectives
To determine factors that influence radical prostatectomy (RP) operative times.
Operative time assessment is inherent to defining surgeon learning curves and evaluating quality of care.
Subjects/Patients and Methods
Population‐based observational cohort study using USA Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare linked data of men diagnosed with prostate cancer during 2003–2007 who underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP, 3458 men) and retropubic RP (RRP, 6993) through to 2009.
We obtained median operative time using anaesthesia administrative data for RP and used median regression to assess the contribution of patient, surgeon, and hospital factors to operative times.
Results
The median RARP operative time decreased from 315 to 247 min from 2003 to 2008–2009 (P < 0.001), while the median RRP operative time remained similar (195 vs 197 min, P = 0.90). In adjusted analysis, RARP vs RRP (parameter estimate [PE] 70.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 58, 84; P < 0.001) and obesity (PE 15; 95% CI 7, 23; P < 0.001) were associated with longer operative times while higher surgeon volumes were associated with shorter operative times (P < 0.001).
RPs performed by surgeons employed by group (parameter estimate [PE] –22.76; 95% CI –38, –7.49; P = 0.004) and non‐government (PE –35.59; 95% CI –68.15, –3.03; P = 0.032) vs government facilities and non‐profit vs government hospital ownership (PE –21.85; 95% CI –32.28, –11.42; P < 0.001) were associated with shorter operative times.
Conclusions
During our study period, RARP operative times decreased by 68 min while RRP operative times remained stagnant.
Higher surgeon volume was associated with shorter operative times, and selective referral or improved efficiency to the level of high‐volume surgeons would net almost $15 million (USA dollars) in annual savings.
Trans fatty acids exacerbate dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis by promoting the up-regulation of macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokines involved in T helper 17 cell polarization
Authors: Okada Y , Tsuzuki Y , Sato H , Narimatsu K , Hokari R , Kurihara C , Watanabe C , Tomita K , Komoto S , Kawaguchi A , Nagao S , Miura S 
Published: September 2013

Summary
Numerous reports have shown that a diet containing large amounts of trans fatty acids (TFAs) is a major risk factor for metabolic disorders. Although recent studies have shown that TFAs promote intestinal inflammation, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of dietary fat containing TFAs on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. C57 BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 1·3% TFAs (mainly C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C20:1, C20:2 and C22:1), and then colitis was induced with 1·5% DSS. Colonic damage was assessed, and the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines and major regulators of T cell differentiation were measured. The TFA diet reduced survival and exacerbated histological damage in mice administered DSS compared with those fed a TFA-free diet. The TFA diet significantly elevated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p40, IL-23p19 and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt mRNA levels in the colons of DSS-treated animals. Moreover, IL-17A mRNA levels were elevated significantly by the TFA diet, with or without DSS treatment. We also examined the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. These cells were exposed to TFAs (linoelaidic acid or elaidic acid) with or without LPS and the mRNA levels of various cytokines were measured. IL-23p19 mRNA levels were increased significantly by TFAs in the absence of LPS. Cytokine expression was also higher in LPS-stimulated cells exposed to TFAs than in unexposed LPS-stimulated cells. Collectively, our results suggest that TFAs exacerbate colonic inflammation by promoting Th17 polarization and by up-regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the inflamed colonic mucosa.
Possible role of microgliopathy in the pathogenesis of Nasu–Hakola disease
Authors: Satoh Jun‐ichi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractNasu–Hakola disease (NHD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive dementia and multifocal bone cysts, caused by genetic mutations of either DAP12 or TREM2. TREM2 acts as a phagocytic receptor expressed on osteoclasts, dendritic cells, macrophages and microglia, where it constitutes a signaling complex with an adaptor molecule DAP12, leading to phosphorylation and activation of the downstream kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). Previous studies hypothesized that a loss‐of‐function of microglial TREM2/DAP12 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of NHD. However, by immunohistochemistry, we recently found that TREM2 is not detectable on microglia, but expressed on small populations of intravascular monocytes/macrophages and neurons in both control brains and DAP12‐mutated NHD brains despite massive accumulation of Iba1‐immunoreactive microglia. Furthermore, we found that both neurons and microglia express Y525/Y526‐phosphorylated Syk (pSyk), and the expression levels of neuronal pSyk are elevated substantially in NHD brains compared with control brains. These observations suggest that TREM2 expression on microglia in vivo is a transient event, depending on their microenvironment, and presently undefined non‐TREM2/DAP12 signaling pathways positively regulate activation of Syk in NHD brains. Thus, we have not yet obtained definite immunohistochemical evidence for supporting an active role of microglia in NHD brains. Here, we discuss a possible role of microgliopathy in the pathogenesis of NHD.
The platform switching concept revisited. An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Bressan Eriberto , Lang Niklaus P. , Corazza Boris , Ricci Sara , Almagro Urrutia Zoraya , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of the configuration of the marginal aspect of implants placed immediately into extraction sockets on peri‐implant hard tissue adaptation.Material and methodsIn 6 Labrador dogs, endodontic treatments of the mesial roots of 1M1 were performed and the distal roots were removed. 2P2 was extracted as well. Implants were immediately placed in the center of the distal alveoli. Cylindrical straight implants were installed in the right side of the mandible (Control), while, in the left side, implants with a reduced diameter in the coronal portion, yielding an indentation in the surface continuity (Test), were installed. Cover screws were affixed, and the flaps were sutured to allow non‐submerged healing. After 4 months of healing, histological slides were obtained for assessments.ResultsA buccal resorption of 1.58 ± 1.28 and 1.90 ± 1.93 mm at the control and of 0.26 ± 0.90 and 0.14 ± 0.66 mm at the test sites was observed at the premolar and molar regions, respectively. The buccal coronal level of osseointegration was located apically to the margin of the smooth/rough surface border by 2.40 ± 0.90 and 3.70 ± 0.87 mm at the control sites and 1.19 ± 0.45 and 2.16 ± 0.96 mm at the test sites at the premolar and molar sites, respectively. All differences yielded statistical significance.ConclusionsThe use of implants with a reduced diameter in their coronal aspect may contribute to preservation of the buccal bony crest in a more coronal level compared with conventional implants. Thus, the study confirmed the efficacy of the “platform switching” concept.
Can We Use Information on the Mechanical Properties of Waxed Sand/Fibre, Sand/Fibre and Sand/Rubber Arena Surfaces to Help Understand Injury Prevention?
Authors: Tranquille C.A. , Walker V.A. , Roepstorff L. , Hernlund E. , Murray R.C. 
Published: September 2013

IntroductionRecent research demonstrated that there is a link between arena surfaces and lameness in the dressage horse, that horses alter their gait on different surfaces and that cross‐training on different surfaces was protective (Murray et al. ,; Walker et al. ). However, there are minimal data on arena mechanical properties and how these could relate to injury.AimsTo compare the mechanical properties of 3 common arena surface types.MethodsA dual‐axis synthetic‐hoof drop hammer fitted with accelerometers and a 3‐axis load cell was used to test 49 arenas: waxed sand with fibre (WSF) (n = 16), un‐waxed sand with fibre (SF) (n = 19) and un‐waxed sand with rubber (SR) (n = 14). Ten different locations were tested on each arena. Maximum load and load rate (representing firmness), maximum vertical and horizontal accelerations (representing friction), shear angle, and hysteresis (representing elasticity), were compared between the 3 surfaces using an independent samples Student's t test.ResultsThere were significant differences in firmness, friction and elasticity between all 3 surfaces, with WSF having the greatest values for all properties. When looking at the un‐waxed surfaces, adding fibre resulted in increased friction, decreased firmness and decreased elasticity compared with adding rubber (Table ).Conclusions and practical significanceThe mechanical properties of the surface types are significantly different. These findings suggest that a horse's limbs may experience more rapid deceleration and higher impact on WSF, while on SF or SR a horse has more capacity to slide through the surface with less impact but experiences less energy return. This has implications in potential development of injury on different surfaces, and reinforces the requirement for proprioceptive training on varying surfaces prior to undertaking peak loading on a surface the horse has not trained on.Ethical animal researchNot applicable. Sources of funding: Funding from World Horse Welfare, the Swedish‐Norwegian Foundation for Equine Research and UK Sport lottery funding for the BEF World Class Programme. Competing interests: None.
Summary of the mean and standard deviation for maximum load and load rate, maximum vertical and horizontal accelerations, shear angle and hysteresis for waxed sand/fibre, sand/fibre and sand/rubber arena surfaces

Property
Waxed sand with fibre
Sand with fibre
Sand with rubber

Max load (kN)
13.35 ± 2.89
6.83 ± 4.09
9.88 ± 3.04

Max load rate (kN/sec)
406.75 ± 34.41
297.55 ± 110.18
382 ± 45.86

Max vertical acceleration (m/sec2)
71.37 ± 27.48
37.54 ± 12.33
34.03 ± 15.92

Max horizontal acceleration (m/sec2)
11.29 ± 10.44
5.67 ± 4.95
4.22 ± 3.95

Shear angle (radians)
0.285 ± 0.08
0.320 ± 0.11
0.320 ± 0.11

Hysteresis
0.135 ± 0.042
0.056 ± 0.036
0.085 ± 0.066
Horse, Rider and Venue‐Related Risk Factors for Eliminations from Fédération Equestre Internationale Endurance Rides due to Lameness and Metabolic Reasons
Authors: Nagy A. , Murray J. , Dyson S. 
Published: September 2013

AimsTo assess risk factors for elimination due to lameness and metabolic reasons from Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) endurance rides of 80–160 km distance.MethodsVenue, horse and rider‐related variables (n = 33, including data on speed, signalment, previous experience) were collected from the FEI website. Weather and terrain data were collected at the venue. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression and generalised estimated equation (GEE) statistics were performed to assess risk factors for eliminations due to lameness and metabolic reasons, respectively.ResultsMultivariable logistic regression on 1435 horse starts revealed that the venue (n = 11) (P = 0.013), the horse's previous experience at greater distance than the current ride (OR = 0.82, P = 0.008) and time (>90 days) elapsed since the last FEI ride (OR = 0.78, P = 0.044) were significantly associated with elimination for lameness; all 3 predictors remained significant in the GEE model. In the multivariable model for elimination for metabolic reasons, the venue (P = 0.011), increasing number of entries (OR = 1.008, P = 0.001) and deep sand or soil on the track (OR = 1.98, P = 0.001) significantly increased the risk of elimination for metabolic reasons.Conclusions and practical significanceDecreasing the frequency of racing schedule may contribute to decreased risk of elimination for lameness. Competing in deep sand or soil may contribute to exhaustion leading to elimination for metabolic reasons. Venue was associated with both outcomes; a number of reasons other than terrain and going are likely to contribute to this; e.g. unmeasured horse‐level factors (training, previous injuries etc.) and the riders' aim (e.g. training, qualification, competition). Elimination due to lameness or metabolic reason is likely to be the end result of a complex process, of which not every aspect was or can be measured. However, further studies with a larger number of horse starts and assessing variables that could not be measured in this study may identify risk factors that can be modified.Ethical animal researchNot required by this Congress: retrospective analysis of data in public domain. Sources of funding: A. Nagy's PhD scholarship was funded by the University of Bristol. Competing interests: None.