bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature Properties Of Fuel Mixtures Of Kerosene And Fame Type Used To Supply Turbine Engines In Marine And Other Non-Aeronautical Applications
Authors: Dzięgielewski Wojciech , Gawron Bartosz , Kulczycki Andrzej 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A worldwide trend to popularise gradually increasing use of biofuels in various applications was a motivation for gaining interest in FAME as a commonly available biocomponent to fuels combusted in turbine engines. These engines are mainly used in aeronautics, but many of them are also used in other, non-aeronautical areas, including marine navigation. Specific conditions in which fuels are combusted in turbine engines used in these applications are the reason why fuel mixtures of kerosene and FAME type should reveal relevant low temperature characteristics. The article presents results of tests of low temperature properties of mixtures of the jet fuel Jet A-1 and methyl esters of higher fatty acids (FAME). The prepared mixtures contained different contents of FAME. The obtained results present changes of: viscosity, cloud point, pour point, crystallising point, and cold filter plugging point, depending on the percentage by volume of FAME. They also prove that the course of changes of low temperature properties of these mixtures is affected by chemical structure of the biocomponent.
Rounded leaf end effect of multileaf collimator on penumbra width and radiation field offset: an analytical and numerical study
Authors: Zhou Dong , Zhang Hui , Ye Peiqing 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background. Penumbra characteristics play a significant role in dose delivery accuracy for radiation therapy. For treatment planning, penumbra width and radiation field offset strongly influence target dose conformity and organ at risk sparing.

Methods. In this study, we present an analytical and numerical approach for evaluation of the rounded leaf end effect on penumbra characteristics. Based on the rule of half-value layer, algorithms for leaf position calculation and radiation field offset correction were developed, which were advantageous particularly in dealing with large radius leaf end. Computer simulation was performed based on the Monte Carlo codes of EGSnrc/BEAMnrc, with groups of leaf end radii and source sizes. Data processing technique of curve fitting was employed for deriving penumbra width and radiation field offset.

Results. Results showed that penumbra width increased with source size. Penumbra width curves for large radius leaf end were U-shaped. This observation was probably related to the fact that radiation beams penetrated through the proximal and distal leaf sides. In contrast, source size had negligible impact on radiation field offset. Radiation field offsets were found to be constant both for analytical method and numerical simulation. However, the overall resulting values of radiation field offset obtained by analytical method were slightly smaller compared with Monte Carlo simulation.

Conclusions. The method we proposed could provide insight into the investigation of rounded leaf end effects on penumbra characteristics. Penumbra width and radiation field offset calibration should be carefully performed to commission multileaf collimator for intensity modulated radiotherapy.
Possibilities of the Practical Application of Remote Sensing Data in Real Property Appraisal
Authors: Dąbrowski Rafał , Latos Dorota 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the process of real estate evaluation, there are many important elements that should be taken into consideration: for example the type of property which is under evaluation, real estate market analysis, and the selection of appropriate evaluation approaches, methods and techniques. In each of the approaches, different parameters are important. Most importantly, however, is the appropriate selection and identification of real estate characteristics, both physical and economic, as well as the determination of the importance of these qualities so that, when necessary, it will be possible to make the appraisal and select those characteristics which have the greatest impact on value of property.
To acquire information about real estate, one can analyze data from multiple sources of information, such as: the land and mortgage register, land and buildings register, local town and country planning, industry data and other. Integrating data from all these sources allows comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge on the assessed property to be developed.
One of best sources of data describing the characteristics of real estate is remote sensing. This method offers a high spectrum of information and, therefore, allows a wide range of analyses. As a result, one can obtain highly accurate facts about the property. Remote sensing data, however, are not a panacea for all problems and have some limitations that determine their applicability.
This paper describes the possibilities of specifying some characteristics of the property under appraisal based on remote sensing data. For this purpose, the qualitative - quantitative analysis of the four most "common" types of remote sensing data were made, along with determining selected characteristics of 30 properties located in the Warsaw - Bemowo suburb area.
The results of this research made it possible to answer the question of whether it is practicable and, if so, to what extent, to use remotely sensed data as the basis for determining the characteristics of a property as well as connecting the types of data to individual properties. The paper focuses on defining the characteristics of two kinds of real estate: land and buildings.
State and Determinants of Real Estate Market Development in Central and Eastern European Countries on the Example of Poland and Bulgaria
Authors: Rącka Izabela , Palicki Sławomir , Kostov Ivo 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this paper, the specificity of release and transformation processes of real estate markets in two postsocialist bloc countries, i.e. Bulgaria and Poland, was diagnosed. Comparative analysis of the conditions and directions of change was used as a tool to clarify the current situation, current status and characteristics of these markets. Comparison of Poland and Bulgaria also indicates the prospects for the development of real estate markets. The article is an attempt at assessing the condition and evolutionary progress of the residential segment. The authors also selected obstacles and factors promoting the development of real estate markets in the analyzed countries. This will either enable the critical assessment of changes observed in the past, or prove helpful in the context forecasting market phenomena.
A simplified algorithm for the design of piled raft foundations applied for the case study of a building erected within Żoliborz-Szczęśliwice glacial tunnel valley
Authors: Kacprzak Grzegorz , Mazurek Katarzyna , Daktera Tomasz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A common engineering solution for excessive settlement with raft foundation (s) is the use of piles in order to reduce the vertical displacements, in this method, the whole structural load is transferred to the piles. This is an overly cautious approach, and there remains a need to find an optimal design method for a building’s foundations. Such a solution may be the piled raft foundation, which allows a reduction of the number of piles due to the integration of the raft in the bearing capacity of the foundation. The aim of the article is to estimate the contribution of foundation elements such as the raft and the piles in the bearing capacity of a residential building located in Warsaw, where the geological conditions are characterized by organic soil layers, principally of gyttja.
Stabilization of bottom sediments from Rzeszowski Reservoir
Authors: Koś Karolina , Zawisza Eugeniusz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper presents results of stabilization of bottom sediments from Rzeszowski Reservoir. Based on the geotechnical characteristics of the tested sediments it was stated they do not fulfill all the criteria set for soils in earth embankments. Therefore, an attempt to improve their parameters was made by using two additives – cement and lime. An unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, bearing ratio and pH reaction were determined on samples after different time of curing. Based on the carried out tests it was stated that the obtained values of unconfined compressive strength of sediments stabilized with cement were relatively low and they did not fulfill the requirements set by the Polish standard, which concerns materials in road engineering. In case of lime stabilization it was stated that the tested sediments with 6% addition of the additive can be used for the bottom layers of the improved road base.
Geotechnical investigation and static analysis of deep excavation walls – a case study of metro station construction in Warsaw
Authors: Mitew-Czajewska Monika 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper presents detailed analysis of the case – a construction of deep excavation of metro station in Warsaw. Basing on this example, the great impact of the accuracy of the geotechnical investigation on the static analysis of diaphragm walls is discussed. Geotechnical studies for the construction of the central section of the second metro line were carried out in stages. Basic geotechnical soil investigation took place in the first stage of investment process, e.g. building permit and tender design stages in 2003–2004, 2007 and 2010. In subsequent years, complementary soil investigations have been performed by the contractor, and the results occurred to differ significantly. In the first part of the paper detailed description of the case is introduced. The geological conditions in the area of the station and the interpretation of the results of the three successive stages of geotechnical investigation are presented. As a result, two locations were selected with a great diversity of the soil profile depending on the stage of investigation. For each location, detailed, multiple static analysis of diaphragm walls were performed, taking into account changes in the soil profile. In the paper, one selected location is described in detail. The discussion of calculation results for this location in relation to the changing geotechnical data is presented and final conclusions are provided.
Thermal Response Of An Aerated Concrete Wall With Micro-Encapsulated Phase Change Material
Authors: Halúzová Dušana 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
For many years Phase Change Materials (PCM) have attracted attention due to their ability to store large amounts of thermal energy. This property makes them a candidate for the use of passive heat storage. In many applications, they are used to avoid the overheating of the temperature of an indoor environment. This paper describes the behavior of phase change materials that are inbuilt in aerated concrete blocks. Two building samples of an aerated concrete wall were measured in laboratory equipment called “twin-boxes”. The first box consists of a traditional aerated concrete wall; the second one has additional PCM micro-encapsulated in the wall. The heat flux through the wall was measured and compared to simulation results modeled in the ESP-r program. This experimental measurement provides a foundation for a model that can be used to analyze further building constructions.
Dynamical Models For Prices With Distributed Delays
Authors: Mircea Gabriela , Neamţu Mihaela , Cismaş Laura Mariana 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the present paper we study some models for the price dynamics of a single commodity market. The quantities of supplied and demanded are regarded as a function of time. Nonlinearities in both supply and demand functions are considered. The inventory and the level of inventory are taken into consideration. Due to the fact that the consumer behavior affects commodity demand, and the behavior is influenced not only by the instantaneous price, but also by the weighted past prices, the distributed time delay is introduced. The following kernels are taken into consideration: demand price weak kernel and demand price Dirac kernel. Only one positive equilibrium point is found and its stability analysis is presented. When the demand price kernel is weak, under some conditions of the parameters, the equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable. When the demand price kernel is Dirac, the existence of the local oscillations is investigated. A change in local stability of the equilibrium point, from stable to unstable, implies a Hopf bifurcation. A family of periodic orbits bifurcates from the positive equilibrium point when the time delay passes through a critical value. The last part contains some numerical simulations to illustrate the effectiveness of our results and conclusions.
Alternative Method to Simulate a Sub-idle Engine Operation in Order to Synthesize Its Control System
Authors: Sukhovii Sergii I. , Sirenko Feliks F. , Yepifanov Sergiy V. , Loboda Igor 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe steady-state and transient engine performances in control systems are usually evaluated by applying thermodynamic engine models. Most models operate between the idle and maximum power points, only recently, they sometimes address a sub-idle operating range. The lack of information about the component maps at the sub-idle modes presents a challenging problem. A common method to cope with the problem is to extrapolate the component performances to the sub-idle range. Precise extrapolation is also a challenge. As a rule, many scientists concern only particular aspects of the problem such as the lighting combustion chamber or the turbine operation under the turned-off conditions of the combustion chamber. However, there are no reports about a model that considers all of these aspects and simulates the engine starting. The proposed paper addresses a new method to simulate the starting. The method substitutes the non-linear thermodynamic model with a linear dynamic model, which is supplemented with a simplified static model. The latter model is the set of direct relations between parameters that are used in the control algorithms instead of commonly used component performances. Specifically, this model consists of simplified relations between the gas path parameters and the corrected rotational speed.
Poles in the Dutch Cape Colony 1652-1814
Authors: Kowalski Mariusz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The contribution of Poles to the colonisation and development of the Dutch Cape Colony is not commonly known. Yet, Poles have been appearing in this colony since its very inception (1652). During the entire period considered here the presence of Poles was the result of the strong economic ties between Poland and the Netherlands. At the end of this period there was an increase in their share, in connection with the presence of numerous alien military units on the territory of the Colony, because of Poles having served in these units. Numerous newcomers from Poland settled in South Africa for good, established families, and their progeny made up part of the local society. The evidence of this phenomenon is provided by the present-day Afrikaner families of, for instance, Drotsky, Kitshoff, Kolesky, Latsky, Masuriek, Troskie, Zowitsky, and others. A quite superficial estimation implies that the settlers coming from Poland could make up a bit over 1% of the ancestors of the present-day Afrikaners. Poles would also participate in the pioneering undertakings within the far-off fringes of the Colony, including the robbery-and-trade expedition of 1702.
Quality of life in patients with primary hypothyroidism related to BMI
Authors: Kelderman-Bolk Nienke , Visser Theo J , Tijssen Jan P , Berghout Arie 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveMany patients treated for primary hypothyroidism have an unexplained reduced quality of life (QOL). We studied the relation between QOL and various parameters in treated hypothyroid patients.Design and methodsQOL analysis was done in 90 consecutive patients (77.8% females) treated for primary hypothyroidism. QOL was measured by the questionnaires Short-Form 36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and MFI20. Post hoc analysis was performed on the relation of QOL at baseline and BMI, thyroid hormones and other serum values. QOL in patients was also compared to the general population.ResultsQOL was decreased compared to the general population. We found an inverse relationship between QOL and BMI. A relationship between QOL and serum thyroid parameters or auto-antibodies could not be found. Higher sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels corresponded with a better QOL, which is explained by the negative association of SHBG with body weight and BMI.ConclusionsA decreased QOL in hypothyroid patients on thyroxine treatment is related to a higher body weight (BMI). Weight gain needs more attention in the treatment of hypothyroidism.
Maternal Consequences of the Detection of Fragile X Carriers in Newborn Screening
Authors: Bailey Donald B. , Wheeler Anne , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Hagerman Randi , Tassone Flora , Powell Cynthia M. , Roche Myra , Gane Louise W. , Sideris John 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVES:
The possibility of newborn screening for fragile X syndrome is complicated by the potential for identifying premutation carriers. Although knowing the child’s carrier status has potential benefits, the possibility of late-onset disorders in carrier children and their parents raises concerns about whether such information would be distressing to parents and potentially more harmful than helpful. This study sought to answer this question by offering voluntary fragile X screening to new parents and returning results for both the full mutation and premutation FMR1 gene expansions. We tested the assumption that such information could lead to adverse mental health outcomes or decision regret. We also wanted to know if child age and spousal support were associated with the outcomes of interest.

METHODS:
Eighteen mothers of screen-positive infants with the premutation and 15 comparison mothers completed a battery of assessments of maternal anxiety, postpartum depression, stress, family quality of life, decision regret, and spousal support. The study was longitudinal, with an average of 3 assessments per mother.

RESULTS:
The premutation group was not statistically different from the comparison group on measures of anxiety, depression, stress, or quality of life. A subset of mothers experienced clinically significant anxiety and decision regret, but factors associated with these outcomes could not be identified. Greater spousal support was generally associated with more positive outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although we did not find evidence of significant adverse events, disclosure of newborn carrier status remains an important consideration in newborn screening policy.
Indium Antimonide Nanoparticles Synthesized using Inert Gas Condensation Technique.
Authors: Pandya Sneha G. , Kordesch Martin E. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTNanoparticles (NPs) of Indium Antimonide (InSb) were synthesized using a vapor phase synthesis technique known as Inert Gas Condensation. NPs were directly deposited, at room temperature and under high vacuum, on glass cover slides, TEM grid, 1 inch-square (111) p-type Silicon wafer and Sodium Chloride substrates. XRD study revealed the crystalline behavior of these NPs exhibiting a cubic symmetry with preferred growth direction of (111). The average grain size of the NPs obtained using XRD results and the Debye-Scherrer formula was 25.62 nm. TEM studies showed a bimodal distribution of NPs with average NPs size of 13.70 and 33.20 nm. These values are consistent with the value obtained using XRD. 1:1 composition ratio of In:Sb was confirmed by the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy studies. The band gap of the NPs obtained using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was 0.413 eV at 300 K, which indicates quantum confinement in the band structure of these NPs.
The “Lay State” – a Signifier of Transformations in the Church?
Authors: Lombaerts Herman 
Published: July 2015

This article explores the renewal lay people initiated at a decisive moment in Church history. In the 16th – 17th century, with the development of the modern school, lay people were given the responsibility to teach religion and to guarantee Christian education in schools. A new type of religious congregation, with exclusively lay members, emerged. They had an impressive impact, worldwide, over the past three centuries. However, as the members of these congregations declined dramatically over the past decades, one wonders whether new generations will succeed in guaranteeing continuity in the near future. Or will ordinary, secular but baptized lay people create new forms of association while taking on responsibility for school education?Michel Sauvage (1923-2001), a French member of the De La Salle religious order, studied the theological identity of the lay “teaching brother” as initiated by J.-B. De La Salle at the end of the 17th century. The present situation, with 1.9 % brothers left and 97.6 % ordinary lay teachers in the educational institutions worldwide, seems to suggest that, once more, a historical mutation is occurring in the church.
Attitudes towards poverty
Authors: Derdziuk Andrzej 
Published: July 2015

Poverty, perceived as a lack of basic consumer goods, gives rise to a whole range of outcomes which affect not only the material dimension of human existence, but also influence social relations and references to spiritual values. Attitudes which could be associated with involuntary and unacceptable poverty include: doubt in the Divine Providence, bitterness, jealousy and envy, blaming others, lack of gratitude and in perceiving good, laziness, lack of initiative, escalating demands, gluttony and greed as well as meanness. However, joy, peace, freedom and solidarity with the poor, as well as work and enterprise, are symptoms of evangelical attitudes of the poor in spirit. Attitudes to poverty point to a wide range of human behaviours towards possessions and in effect, reveal an individual’s sense of value.
Identidad, cultura y desarrollo a través del audiovisual participativo: El caso de jóvenes del Proyecto Youth Path de la Unesco en Costa Rica
Authors: Rabadán Ángel V. , Bruzón Luis , Montaño Sonia 
Published: July 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>En el presente artículo exponemos la utilización de los medios audiovisuales como un elemento estratégico capaz de integrar los conceptos cultura y desarrollo, promoviendo el diálogo intercultural y la participación. El concepto de identidad cultural se hace presente a través de la convivencia y la creatividad de los jóvenes participantes en el Proyecto «Youth Path», propuesto por la Unesco y realizado en Centroamérica, con el fin de impulsar estrategias de desarrollo e inclusión. El audiovisual etnográfico se convierte en herramienta </span><span>fundamental para generar procesos de conocimiento, así́ </span><span>como lazos de comunicación e interacción. </span></p></div></div></div>
Plan de Marketing Ecológico para mitigar los impactos ambientales en la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana
Authors: Rugel Carrasco Denisse , Nicolalde Calero Melina , Alava Pincay Cecibel 
Published: July 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>La Universidad Politécnica Salesiana sede Guayaquil ha identificado una serie de limitaciones en cuanto a la escasa conciencia ecológica por parte de la comunidad universitaria como resultado del insuficiente compromiso, educación e iniciativas para el cuidado medio ambiental. Es por ello que en el presente artículo se busca reconocer la actual concienciación ecológica en la UPS-GYQ, con la aplicación de la metodología científica a través de cuestionarios y entrevistas a la comunidad universitaria, proponiendo la implementación de un Plan de Marketing Ecológico con la finalidad de plantear estrategias que permitan transmitir la conciencia verde y disminuir el impacto ambiental existente, para así mostrar una imagen de cuidado y responsabilidad social y ambiental. </span></p></div></div></div>