bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive EC-GPR: a hybrid torque prediction model for mobile robots with unknown terrain disturbances
Authors: Kang Yiting , Xue Biao , Wei Jianshu , Zeng Riya , Yan Mengbo , Li Fei 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
The accurate prediction of driving torque demand is essential for the development of motion controllers for mobile robots on complex terrains. This paper aims to propose a hybrid model of torque prediction, adaptive EC-GPR, for mobile robots to address the problem of estimating the required driving torque with unknown terrain disturbances.

Design/methodology/approach
An error compensation (EC) framework is used, and the preliminary prediction driving torque value is achieved using Gaussian process regression (GPR). The error is predicted using a continuous hidden Markov model to generate compensation for the prediction residual caused by terrain disturbances and uncertainties. As the final step, a gain coefficient is used to adaptively tune the significance of the compensation term through parameter resetting. The proposed model is verified on a sample set, including the driving torque of a mobile robot on three different sandy terrains with two driving modes.

Findings
The results show that the adaptive EC-GPR yields the highest prediction accuracy when compared with existing methods.

Originality/value
It is demonstrated that the proposed model can predict the driving torque accurately for mobile robots in an unconstructed environment without terrain identification.
Robustness multi-objective optimization for parallel robot based on subregional meta-heuristic iteration
Authors: Tao Mingzhe , Xu Jinghua , Zhang Shuyou , Tan Jianrong 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis work aims to provide a rapid robust optimization design solution for parallel robots or mechanisms, thereby circumventing inefficiencies and wastage caused by empirical design, as well as numerous physical verifications, which can be employed for creating high-quality prototypes of parallel robots in a variety of applications.Design/methodology/approachA novel subregional meta-heuristic iteration (SMI) method is proposed for the optimization of parallel robots. Multiple subregional optimization objectives are established and optimization is achieved through the utilisation of an enhanced meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, which roughly employs chaotic mapping in the initialization strategy to augment the diversity of the initial solution. The non-dominated sorting method is utilised for updating strategies, thereby achieving multi-objective optimization.FindingsThe actuator error under the same trajectory is visibly reduced after SMI, with a maximum reduction of 6.81% and an average reduction of 1.46%. Meanwhile, the response speed, maximum bearing capacity and stiffness of the mechanism are enhanced by 63.83, 43.98 and 97.51%, respectively. The optimized mechanism is more robust and the optimization process is efficient.Originality/valueThe proposed robustness multi-objective optimization via SMI is more effective in improving the performance and precision of the parallel mechanisms in various applications. Furthermore, it provides a solution for the rapid and high-quality optimization design of parallel robots.
COVID-19 impacts and mental health of auxiliary police: the moderating role of supervisor procedural justice
Authors: Sun Rui , Han Ziqiang 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 impacts and auxiliary police officers’ mental health as well as the moderating role of supervisor procedural justice.Design/methodology/approachBased on the role theory and a police officer survey from China, this quantitative study investigates the relationship between COVID-19 impacts and mental health status among auxiliary police, a rarely examined police type. We also examine the moderating role of supervisor procedural justice.FindingsAuxiliary police officers reported both negative and positive impacts from COVID-19, while the negative impacts were mainly in the work domain, but the positive impacts were primarily in the life area. OLS regression results indicate that negative impacts, especially work-related negative impacts, are significantly related to depression and anxiety, and supervisor procedural justice moderates the relationship between positive impacts and depression and anxiety.Originality/valueFirstly, we adopted the role theory to examine how public health emergencies affect police officers in their work and life domains. Secondly, we advance the organizational justice literature by assessing whether supervisor procedural justice can moderate the relationship between COVID-19 impacts and their mental health. Thirdly, this research extends the literature on depression and anxiety of auxiliary police officers in China, who attracted less attention in current literature and policies.
Asymmetrical predation intensity produces divergent antipredator behaviours in primary and secondary prey
Authors: Kuntze Corbin C. , Peery M. Zachariah , Pauli Jonathan N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

It is widely recognized that predators can influence prey through both direct consumption and by inducing costly antipredator behaviours, the latter of which can produce nonconsumptive effects that cascade through trophic systems. Yet, determining how particular prey manage risk in natural settings remains challenging as empirical studies disproportionately focus on single predator–prey dyads.

Here, we contrast foraging strategies within the context of a primary and secondary prey to explore how antipredator behaviours emerge as a product of predation intensity as well as the setting in which an encounter takes place.

We studied the effects of spotted owls (Strix occidentalis) on two species experiencing asymmetrical risk: dusky‐footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes; primary prey) and deer mice (Peromyscus spp.; alternative prey). Woodrats are most abundant within young forests, but predominantly captured by owls foraging within mature forests; in contrast, deer mice occur in high densities across forest types and seral stages and are consumed at lower per‐capita rates overall. We deployed experimental foraging patches within areas of high and low spotted owl activity, created artificial risky and safe refuge treatments, and monitored behaviour throughout the entirety of prey foraging bouts.

Woodrats were more vigilant and foraged less within mature forests and at riskier patches, although the effect of refuge treatment was contingent upon forest type. In contrast, deer mice only demonstrated consistent behavioural responses to riskier refuge treatments; forest type had little effect on perceived risk or the relative importance of refuge treatment. Thus, habitat can interact with predator activity to structure antipredator responses differently for primary versus secondary prey.

Our findings show that asymmetrical predation can modulate both the magnitude of perceived risk and the strategies used to manage it, thus highlighting an important and understudied contingency in risk effects research. Evaluating the direct and indirect effects of predation through the paradigm of primary and secondary prey may improve our understanding of how nonconsumptive effects can extend to population‐ and community‐level responses.
Classification of select functional dietary fiber ingredients based on quantitative properties and latent qualitative criteria
Authors: Wagner Caleb E. , Richter Jana K. , Ikuse Marina , Ganjyal Girish M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFunctional dietary fiber ingredient (FDFI) functionality can depend on the fibers’ chemistry, composition, size, botanical origin, and microstructure. However, such claims have never been generalized for a broad range of fibers in one study before. To support these claims, 23 FDFI were characterized based on 11 physicochemical, physical, and compositional property measurements: Water‐ and oil‐holding capacity (WHC and OHC), water absorption and solubility indices (WAI and WSI), flour‐swelling potential (FSP), particle size distribution (D10, D50, and D90 values), and soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fiber content. Multivariate statistical techniques were employed to partition fiber ingredients into functional categories based on these quantitative data, and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the microstructure of the FDFI. Strong correlations (p < 0.05) were found among many of the physicochemical properties measured, and five categories based on quantitative physicochemical functionality, size, and fiber composition were ultimately found. Distinct patterns emerged between these quantitative partitions and the latent microstructure features and botanical origins of the FDFI. These results can be combined into one intuitive summary of FDFI functionality based on the described quantitative and qualitative observations. Such summaries are useful for ingredient suppliers or product developers with limited resources to infer the general functionality, structure, and food applications utility of their materials based on a subset of the information provided here.Practical ApplicationThe quantitative and qualitative relationships among a range of commercially available functional dietary fiber ingredients are documented. Industry may utilize this information to predict the general functionality of their ingredients based on a subset of the information provided here by assuming that the same relative relationships will exist. This can save time during the ingredient screening process, either for product developers looking to optimize a formulation or for ingredient suppliers doing new ingredient applications testing.
Idiosyncratic risk disclosure of IPO firms and institutional investors' withdrawals
Authors: He Xiqiong , Yang Tonglin , Liu Hao , Wu Xiaowei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUsing data from 2226 IPO firms over the 2007–2020 period, this study investigates whether and how the idiosyncratic risk disclosure of IPO firms impacts institutional investor behaviour. The findings suggest that institutional investors are more likely to withdraw their share subscriptions when IPO companies disclose less idiosyncratic risk information. The heterogeneous effect of idiosyncratic risk disclosure is explored, revealing that this negative effect is significantly pronounced for non‐SOEs. Additionally, the divergence in bidding among institutions is less pronounced when issuers disclose more idiosyncratic risk information. Furthermore, companies with fewer idiosyncrasies of risk information exhibit poorer long‐term post‐IPO performance.
The Foraminal Indices of the Rat Scapula
Authors: Turker Yavas Firuze , Coskun Umut 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe nutritive arteries of bones may be injured due to fracture or surgical procedures. Therefore, there are some studies focused on the location of the nutrient foramen (NF) of bones. Rats are the most preferred animals in experimental studies. The purpose of this study is to expose the locational variations of the NF on the rat (Sprague Dawley) scapula. A total of 60 adult rat scapulae (from 16 male and 14 female rats) were used. The diameters of NFs were measured. The length, width, and distances of the NF to the proximal and cranial edges were measured. Foraminal indices were also calculated. It was determined that the average number of NF per scapula was 1.8. The location of the NFs was 52% on the medial aspect and 48% on the lateral aspect. On the medial aspect of the scapula, NFs were frequently found ventrally, on the neck region of the scapula. Laterally, 40 NFs were found in the ventral region of the infraspinatus fossa and only 12 in the ventral region of the supraspinatus fossa. Longitudinal foraminal index 95% confidence intervals were 74.25–79.18 (lateral) and 71.70–75.97 (medial). Transversal foraminal index 95% confidence intervals were 40.98–45.02 (lateral) and 42.91–46.07 (medial). Diameter of the NF 95% confidence interval was 0.21–0.39 mm. The locational knowledge of the NF can be utilized in anatomical or experimental surgery studies. The cranial and proximal edges of the rat scapula may be palpable; surgeons may palpate these regions and easily evaluate the location of the NFs.
Cardiac Arrhythmias in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: Mechanistic Insights, Pathophysiology, and Outcomes
Authors: Abouzaid Abdulrahman , Ali Khansa , Jatoi Suniya , Ahmed Mansoor , Ahmad Gulfam , Nazim Ahsan , Mehmoodi Amin , Malik Jahanzeb 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTArrhythmias are increasingly recognized as severe complications of precapillary pulmonary hypertension, encompassing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Despite their significant contribution to symptoms, morbidity, in‐hospital mortality, and potentially sudden death in PAH/CTEPH, there remains a lack of comprehensive data on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes to inform the management of these patients. This review provides an overview of the latest evidence on this subject, spanning from the molecular mechanisms underlying arrhythmias in the hypertrophied or failing right heart to the clinical aspects of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Climate anxiety and its association with health behaviours and generalized anxiety: An intensive longitudinal study
Authors: Williams Marc O. , Buekers Joren , Castaño‐Vinyals Gemma , de Cid Rafael , Delgado‐Ortiz Laura , Espinosa Ana , Garcia‐Aymerich Judith , Koch Sarah , Kogevinas Manolis , Viola Marco , Whitmarsh Lorraine , Chevance Guillaume 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe United Nations recognize the importance of balancing the needs of people and the planetary systems on which human health relies. This paper investigates the role that climate change has on human health via its influence on climate anxiety.DesignWe conducted an intensive longitudinal study.MethodsParticipants reported levels of climate anxiety, generalized anxiety and an array of health behaviours at 20 consecutive time points, 2 weeks apart.ResultsA network analysis shows climate anxiety and generalized anxiety not to covary, and higher levels of climate anxiety not to covary with health behaviours, except for higher levels of alcohol consumption at the within‐participant level. Generalized anxiety showed completely distinct patterns of covariation with health behaviours compared with climate anxiety.ConclusionsOur findings imply that climate anxiety, as conceptualized and measured in the current study, is not in itself functionally impairing in terms of associations with unhealthy behaviours, and is distinct from generalized anxiety. The results also imply that interventions to induce anxiety about the climate might not always have significant impacts on health and well‐being.
Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on the performance of a diet specialized neotropical herbivore and its host plant
Authors: Vencl Fredric V. , Bartram Stefan , Winter Klaus , Boland Wilhelm , Srygley Robert B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLittle is known about the potential responses of ecologically specialized tropical species to atmospheric change and global warming. In 2 years of greenhouse experiments simulating climate change impacts, we quantified the effects of mean ambient temperature, elevated temperature (Te), current ambient CO2 concentration ([CO2]a), and doubled CO2 concentration ([CO2]e) on biomass, growth rate, and foliar chemistry of the morning glory vine, Camonea umbellata. In addition, we measured the impacts of climate change simulations on the performance and survival of the tortoise beetle, Acromis sparsa, which feeds exclusively on C. umbellata. Full‐sib A. sparsa larval broods were divided into cohorts. Each cohort was placed in one of four temperature‐CO2 controlled chambers and fed leaves grown in their respective treatments. Vines growing in [CO2]e more than doubled their biomass and their leaves expanded faster. The [CO2]a and Te treatments interacted to yield the greatest foliar [C]. Vines in [CO2]e and Te had the greatest C:N ratios, the lowest availability of nitrogen, and highest larval mortality. Whereas pupae were smaller and suffered lower survival in Te, pupal mass and survival increased in both the [CO2]e and Te treatments. Overall, the simultaneous elevation of both [CO2] and temperature caused declines in host quality, larval survivorship, and pupal mortality that were not observed when only one climate factor was altered. Based on this first tropical experimental study, we predict that C. umbellata will benefit from elevation of temperature and atmospheric [CO2] by altering its foliar chemistry to the detriment of its diet‐specialized herbivore enemy.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
How do birds and ants contribute to the recruitment of a tropical tree?
Authors: Falcon José Eduardo , Schoereder José Henrique , Ribeiro Vanessa Soares , Christianini Alexander Vicente , Camargo Paulo Henrique , Paolucci Lucas Navarro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn most tropical ecosystems, birds play a crucial role as primary dispersers (Phase 1) by removing seeds from the plant crown. Following primary dispersal, ground‐dwelling animals, notably ants, often disperse seeds secondarily (Phase 2). However, the relative contributions of each phase to seed dispersal effectiveness until plant establishment remains unclear. We combined observational and manipulative experiments to quantify the contributions of birds and ants to seed dispersal effectiveness of the ornithochoric tree Xylopia sericea in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Birds dispersed 17.2% of diaspores, with a dispersal distance (6.6 m ± 6.7 m) twenty times greater than that of ants (0.3 m ± 0.5 m). Notably, birds often dispersed seeds beyond the parental canopy, where seedling survival is higher. Ants were quantitatively more important to seed dispersal, with relative diaspore removal 221.3% higher than birds. Despite the limited dispersal‐distance by ants, proximity to ant nests increased seedling survival. Phase 1 led to the establishment of 16.26 seedlings per 100 diaspores produced, and Phase 2 increased the number of seedlings established by 28.6% (N = 20.91). Ants enhanced seed recruitment and improved seedling survival both away and near the parental plant, likely due to ant nests providing favorable microsites for establishment. Conversely, plants distant from ant nests performed better when away from the parental plant, underscoring the importance of birds in seed dispersal. Birds promote long‐distance dispersal and ants redistribute diaspores to microsites that increases establishment, so the dispersal of X. sericea is highly dependent on both dispersers.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Impact of peripheral lymphocyte subsets on prognosis for patients after acute ischemic stroke: A potential disease prediction model approach
Authors: Zhou Xin , Xue Song , Si Xiang‐Kun , Du Wen‐Yu , Guo Ya‐Nan , Qu Yang , Guo Zhen‐Ni , Sun Xin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate the relationship between peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).MethodsWe enrolled 294 patients with AIS and collected peripheral blood samples for analysis of lymphocyte subsets. Prognosis was assessed at 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Association between lymphocyte count and poor outcomes (mRS score >2) was assessed using logistic regression. Individualized prediction models were developed to predict poor outcomes.ResultsPatients in the mRS score ≤2 group had higher T‐cell percentage (odds ratio [OR] = 0.947; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.899–0.998; p = 0.040), CD3+ T‐cell count (OR = 0.999; 95% CI: 0.998–1.000; p = 0.018), and CD4+ T‐cell count (OR = 0.998; 95% CI: 0.997–1.000; p = 0.030) than those in the mRS score >2 group 1–3 days after stroke. The prediction model for poor prognosis based on the CD4+ T‐cell count showed good discrimination (area under the curve of 0.844), calibration (p > 0.05), and clinical utility.ConclusionLower T cell percentage, CD3+, and CD4+ T‐cell counts 1–3 days after stroke were independently associated with increased risk of poor prognosis. Individualized predictive model of poor prognosis based on CD4+ T‐cell count have good accuracy and may predict disease prognosis.
Optimizing physician‐encounter frequency for type 2 diabetes patients in primary care based on cardiovascular risk assessment: A target trial emulation study
Authors: Xu Wanchun , Wang Yuan , Tanuseputro Peter , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen , Wan Eric Yuk Fai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate whether the physician‐encounter interval for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be optimized from 2–3 to 4–6 months among those with a calculated 10‐year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score of less than 20% without compromising their long‐term outcomes.Materials and MethodsUsing territory‐wide public electronic medical records in Hong Kong, we emulated a target trial to compare the effectiveness of the physician‐encounter intervals of 4‐6 versus 2‐3 months for T2D patients without prior CVDs and with a predicted risk for CVDs of less than 20% (i.e. those patients not in the high‐risk category). Propensity score matching was used to emulate the randomization of participants at baseline, where 42 154 matched individuals were included for analysis. The marginal structural model was applied to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for CVD incidence and all‐cause mortality, the incidence rate ratio of secondary and tertiary care utilization, as well as the between‐group differences in HbA1c, blood pressure and cholesterol levels.ResultsDuring a follow‐up period of up to 12 (average: 5.1) years, there was no significantly increased risk of CVD in patients with physician‐encounter intervals of 4‐6 months compared with those patients with physician‐encounter intervals of 2‐3 months (HR [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 1.01 [0.90, 1.14]; standardized 10‐year risk difference [95% CI]: −0.1% [−0.7%, 0.6%]), nor for all‐cause mortality (HR: 1.00 [0.84, 1.20]; standardized 10‐year risk difference: −0.1% [−0.5%, 0.3%]). Additionally, there was no observable difference in the utilization of secondary and tertiary care or key clinical parameters between these two follow‐up frequencies.ConclusionsFor T2D patients with a calculated 10‐year CVD risk of less than 20%, the interval of regular physician encounters can be optimized from 2–3 to 4–6 months without compromising patients' long‐term outcomes and saving substantial service resources in primary care.
The determinants of trust: findings from large, representative samples in six OECD countries
Authors: Kovacs Roxanne , Dunaiski Maurice , Galizzi Matteo M. , Grimalda Gianluca , Hortala‐Vallve Rafael , Murtin Fabrice , Putterman Louis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTrust is key for economic and social development. But why do we trust others? We study the motives behind trust in strangers using an experimental trust game played by 7236 participants, in six samples representative of the general populations of Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the UK and the USA. We examine the broadest range of potential determinants of trustor sending to date, including risk tolerance, preferences for redistribution, and conformity. We find that even though self‐interest, indicated by expected returns, is relevant for trustor behaviour, the most important correlate of sending is participants' altruism or fairness concerns, as measured by giving in a dictator game. We also find that in our large and representative sample, behaviour in the trust game and responses in a trust survey are significantly correlated, and that similar correlates—altruism in particular—are relevant for both.