bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AO4AADL: Aspect oriented extension for AADL
Authors: Loukil Sihem , Kallel Slim , Zalila Bechir , Jmaiel Mohamed 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Managing embedded system complexity and scalability is one of the most important problems in software development. To better address this problem, it is very recommended to have an abstraction level high enough to model such systems. Architectural description languages (ADLs) intend to model complex systems and manage their structure at a high abstraction level. Traditional ADLs do not normally provide appropriate formalisms to separate any kind of crosscutting concerns. This frequently results in poor descriptions of the software architectures and a tedious adaptation to constantly changing user requirements and specifications. AOSD (Aspect Oriented Software Development) deals with these problems by considering crosscutting concerns in software development. The effectiveness of considering an aspect-oriented architectural design appears when aspect concepts are taken into account early in the software’s life-cycle.
In this paper, we propose a new aspect language called AO4AADL that adequately manipulates aspect oriented concepts at architecture level in order to master complexity and ensure scalability. The abstract nature of our proposed language allows the generation of aspect code for several programming languages and platforms.
Cu2SnS3 absorber thin films prepared via successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method
Authors: Kahraman Süleyman , Çetinkaya Samed , Çakmak Hacı Mustafa , Çetinkara Hacı Ali , Güder Hüsnü Salih 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we report the production of Cu2SnS3 thin films with high phase purity via successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method on soda lime glass substrates. Structural, morphological, compositional, optical and electrical investigations were carried out. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples matched very well with the reference pattern and proved the polycrystalline nature of the films. As a secondary phase, one weak peak indicating covallite Cu2–xS phase was observed in the pattern of the sample deposited by using equimolar Cu and Sn. The surface morphologies of the films were found to be continuous and composed of homogeneously distributed large grains. From the reflectance and transmittance data, the optical absorption coefficient values of the films were found to be about 104 cm−1 and the films were found to be almost opaque in the wavelengths from 200 to 600 nm with a small reflectivity of about 10%. Band gap values of the films decreased from 1.45 to 1.35 eV with decreasing Cu content. Electrical characterization showed that the films were p-type semiconductor. Two different impurity levels for each film were found via resistivity-temperature characteristics.
Artificial aging of thixocast ZA27 alloy and particulate ZA27/SiCp composites
Authors: Bobić Ilija , Babić Miroslav , Vencl Aleksandar , Bobić Biljana , Mitrović Slobodan 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Thixocast ZA27 alloy and particulate ZA27/SiCp composites were subjected to artificial aging at 80, 120 and 160°C (T5 regime). Composites with 5 and 10 vol.% SiC particles were produced via the compocasting method. The influence of the aging was investigated using different techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry was performed to reveal the presence of phases created in the thixocast ZA27 alloy and the composites. Microstructures and fracture behavior were examined by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Aging processes in the matrix alloy and composites were followed using hardness measurements. A decrease in the hardness values was noticed with the increase in the aging temperature. At higher temperatures diffusion of zinc atoms from supersaturated phases in the matrix alloy was enhanced, which resulted in faster changes in the hardness. Aging processes in the composites were significantly accelerated compared to the matrix alloy, due to the presence of particulate reinforcements. The maximum in hardness was achieved for shorter time in the ZA27/SiCp composite with higher volume fraction of SiC particles.
Establishing the Safety of Influenza Vaccine in Egg-Allergic Individuals
Authors: Greenhawt Matthew J. 
Published: June 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Understand that trivalent influenza vaccine is safe for patients with egg allergy, including patients with severe egg allergy.

2.
Understand that egg-allergic patients no longer require any special precautions to safely receive trivalent influenza vaccine.

3.
Recognize that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices advises that most egg-allergic patients can now receive trivalent influenza vaccine from their primary care physician.

Trivalent influenza vaccine is grown in chick embryos and contains residual egg protein (ovalbumin). Historically, trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) has been contraindicated in egg-allergic individuals (EAI) and the vaccine was withheld in many of these individuals due to the ovalbumin. However, protocols were developed that allowed EAIs to safely receive TIV, including stepwise desensitization, vaccine skin testing, and use of low ovalbumin containing vaccine. In the past 3 years, several groups have systematically disproven that EAI are at any increased risk for an allergic reaction than the general population and withholding TIV is not necessary. To date, approximately 4,315 patients have safely received 4,872 total doses of TIV, including 656 EAI with severe egg allergy (including anaphylaxis to egg) who safely received 740 doses of TIV. Thus, it is as safe to provide TIV to EAI as providing it to a non-EAI. This article will trace the evolution of this practice.
Practical Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Davis Carla M. 
Published: June 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Determine the clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic esophagitis in children.

2.
Discuss the three major treatment strategies for eosinophilic esophagitis.

3.
Provide key strategies for practical identification and management of eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adolescents.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a recently discovered disease that affects patients worldwide. The conceptual definition of EoE is a chronic, immune/antigen-mediated esophageal disease characterized clinically by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction and histologically by eosinophil-predominant inflammation. As a chronic, antigen-mediated disease causing eosinophilic inflammation in the esophagus, EoE symptoms are similar to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and it results in significant morbidity.
De periodistas improvisados a golpistas consumados : el ideario militar africanista de la Revista de Tropas Coloniales (1924-1936)
Authors: Velasco de Castro Rocío 
Published: June 2013

La Revue de Troupes Coloniales naît comme porte-parole de l'Armée d'Afrique dans la « campagne de pacification ». Avec Queipo de Llano comme directeur et Franco comme membre du conseil de direction, la publication constitue l'un des meilleurs moyens pour connaître de première main leur conception de ce qui devait être l'activité espagnole au Maroc. De l'analyse de ses pages se dégage l'importance de la revue pour étudier les aspirations d'une Armée de plus en plus influente dans la vie politique espagnole, et les contradictions de leur idéologie à l'égard du pragmatisme qui a caractérisé le comportement des putschistes durant la guerre civile et la politique des premières années du franquisme, concernant surtout, la prétendue « fraternité hispano-marocaine ».
Journalisme militaire pendant la première guerre carliste : le Boletín del Real Ejército de Aragón, Valencia y Murcia
Authors: Rújula Pedro 
Published: June 2013

La presse carliste est née de la guerre civile et ce, avec un double objectif : elle servit, d’une part, à transmettre des informations officielles à travers le territoire en rébellion, et réalisa, d’autre part, un important travail de propagande contre la presse libérale, alors très active. Le Boletín del Ejército Real de Aragón, Valencia y Murcia constitue un bon exemple de ce type de presse sur le territoire du Maestrazgo. Il apparaît en 1836, au moment où le noyau rebelle commence à se consolider, et son apogée coïncide avec les principaux événements de la guerre : l’Expédition Royale ou la conquête de Morella par Cabrera. La décadence du foyer insurrectionnel du Maestrazgo signe la fin de la publication en 1840.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Play Crucial Roles in the Regulation of Mouse Collagen-Induced Arthritis
Authors: Fujii Wataru , Ashihara Eishi , Hirai Hideyo , Nagahara Hidetake , Kajitani Naoko , Fujioka Kazuki , Murakami Ken , Seno Takahiro , Yamamoto Aihiro , Ishino Hidetaka , Kohno Masataka , Maekawa Taira , Kawahito Yutaka 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are of myeloid origin and are able to suppress T cell responses. The role of MDSCs in autoimmune diseases remains controversial, and little is known about the function of MDSCs in autoimmune arthritis. In this study, we clarify that MDSCs play crucial roles in the regulation of proinflammatory immune response in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. MDSCs accumulated in the spleens of mice with CIA when arthritis severity peaked. These MDSCs inhibited the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and their differentiation into Th17 cells in vitro. Moreover, MDSCs inhibited the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 by CD4+ T cells in vitro, whereas they promoted the production of IL-10. Adoptive transfer of MDSCs reduced the severity of CIA in vivo, which was accompanied by a decrease in the number of CD4+ T cells and Th17 cells in the draining lymph nodes. However, depletion of MDSCs abrogated the spontaneous improvement of CIA. In conclusion, MDSCs in CIA suppress the progression of CIA by inhibiting the proinflammatory immune response of CD4+ T cells. These observations suggest that MDSCs play crucial roles in the regulation of autoimmune arthritis, which could be exploited in new cell-based therapies for human rheumatoid arthritis.
The Effectiveness of Neighborhood Watch
Authors: Bennett Trevor , Holloway Katy , Farrington David 
Published: June 2013

The primary aim of this Campbell systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of neighborhood watch in reducing crime. The narrative review was based on 19 studies (covering 43 evaluations) and the meta‐analysis was based on 12 studies (covering 18 evaluations). The data used included police‐recorded crimes and self‐reported victimizations.This review concludes that neighborhood watch is associated with a reduction in crime.AbstractBackgroundNeighborhood watch (also known as block watch, apartment watch, home watch and community watch) grew out of a movement in the US during the late 1960s that promoted greater involvement of citizens in the prevention of crime. Since then, interest in neighborhood watch has grown considerably and recent estimates suggest that over a quarter of the UK population and over forty per cent of the US population live in areas covered by neighborhood watch schemes.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of neighborhood watch in reducing crime.Criteria for inclusion of studiesNeighborhood watch sometimes comprises a stand‐alone scheme and sometimes includes additional program elements. The most common combination of program elements is the ‘big three’ (neighborhood watch, property marking and security surveys). Studies were selected for inclusion in the review if they were based on a watch scheme either alone or in combination with any of the other ‘big three’ elements. The main quality control was that the studies should be based on random allocation or a pre‐post test design with a comparison area.Search StrategyStudies were identified by searching 11 electronic databases. In addition, studies were sought using on‐line library catalogues, literature reviews, lists of references, and published bibliographies. Leading researchers in the field were also contacted when there was a particular need to do so.Data collection and analysisThe narrative review was based on 19 studies (covering 43 evaluations) and the meta‐analysis was based on 12 studies (covering 18 evaluations). The data used included police‐recorded crimes and self‐reported victimizations.Main resultsThe main finding of the narrative review was that the majority of the schemes evaluated indicated that neighborhood watch was effective in reducing crime.The main finding of the meta‐analysis was that the weighted mean odds ratio for all studies combined was 1.19 using the fixed effects method and 1.36 using the random effects method. The results of both methods show that neighborhood watch was associated with a reduction in crime of between 16 per cent and 26 per cent.Reviewers’ conclusionsThis review concludes that neighborhood watch is associated with a reduction in crime.This review should be cited as:Bennett Trevor, Holloway Katy, and Farrington David. “The Effectiveness of Neighborhood Watch”. In: The Campbell Collaboration Reviews of Intervention and Policy Evaluations (C2‐RIPE).
Intermittent left bundle branch block caused by coronary vasospasm
Authors: Alhaji Mohammad 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIntermittent left bundle branch block (LBBB) has been reported in the literature following certain conditions such as cardiac blunt trauma, myocardial infarction (MI) or exercise induced LBBB. In the majority of cases, the patients usually have underlying coronary arteries disease. LBBB often prevents the electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute MI; therefore, new LBBB in the setting of chest pain is usually treated as transmural MI. We describe a case of patient who presented with intermittent LBBB associated with chest pain, and subsequently the patient was taken to the catheterization laboratory for emergency coronary angiogram, which revealed 80% spasm in left anterior descending artery, which was totally relieved by nitroglycerin infusion. No other significant CAD was noted.
Vitamin D study in pregnant women and their babies
Authors: Al Emadi Samar , Hammoudeh Mohammed 
Published: June 2013

Background and objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is very common in pregnant women. Deficiencies have been prevalent even in studies where over 90% of the women took prenatal vitamins. The current guidelines for vitamin D intake during pregnancy of 200–400 IU has little scientific support and has been recently challenged. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and to evaluate the effectiveness and level of weekly oral 50,000 IU of vitamin D supplementation for the mother and the newborn. Setting and design: Prospective study at Hamad Medical Corporation outpatient unit and delivery room. Patients and Methods: Ninety seven pregnant women were recruited in their first trimester between December 2007 and March 2010. Weekly oral vitamin D (50,000 IU) were prescribed after an initial testing for serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus, total protein and albumin. Other multivitamins supplementations were allowed during pregnancy. The same tests were repeated at each trimester. Umbilical cords vitamin D levels were determined at birth. Results: Out of 97 patients, 8 patients dropped out from the study for several reasons, and 19 patients had pregnancy loss. Data were available for 97 women in the first trimester, 78 women in the second trimester and 61 women in the third trimester. The mean level of vitamin D level in the first trimester and prior to starting vitamin D supplementation was 17.15 ng/ml, 29.08 ng/ml in the second trimester, 27.3 ng/ml in third trimester and 22.36 ng/ml in newborns. There were no toxic levels of vitamin D in any of the women at the second or third trimesters or in the newborns. The mean levels of vitamin D in the second and third trimester were not significantly different in those women who were taking multivitamin supplementation and those who were not. Conclusion: Weekly doses of 50,000 vitamin D during pregnancy maintains acceptable vitamin D level during pregnancy and the newborn's vitamin D level correlates with the mother's levels.
Management of Giant cell tumor occupying the 5th metacarpal bone in 6 years old child
Authors: Al Lahham Salim , Al Hetmi Talal , Sharkawy Mahmoud 
Published: June 2013

Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTOB) is a relatively uncommon tumor of the bone. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells. Giant-cell tumor of the bone accounts for 4-5% of primary bone tumors and ∼20% of benign bone tumors. Giant cell tumors of the hand are rare, accounting for only 2–4% of all giant cell tumors.
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bones of the hand has some special features as compared to GCT at other sites. Because of the aggressive nature of this lesion, adequate assessment of the treatment method is required.
The aim is to eradicate the disease but preserve as much hand function as possible. Methods of treatment include curettage with or without bone grafts, local resection possibly combined with reconstruction using homologous or autologous bone, amputation, and resection of one or more rays.
Justifier faussement la correction ou la non-correction d’erreurs morphosyntaxiques : réflexions métagrammaticales d’étudiants francophones universitaires en milieu minoritaire
Authors: Bernier Marie 
Published: June 2013

La présente recherche jette un regard sur le savoir grammatical d’étudiants francophones de milieu minoritaire commençant des études universitaires, en étudiant les réflexions (méta)linguistiques émises par des sujets franco-ontariens au moyen du protocole de pensée à voix haute lors d’une tâche de repérage / correction d’erreurs grammaticales et textuelles. Les résultats montrent que si les sujets émettent effectivement des raisonnements métagrammaticaux, leur savoir métagrammatical s’apparente souvent à un amalgame de pseudo-connaissances, qu’il y a de sévères carences dans les connaissances déclaratives et procédurales des règles de la grammaire française, ce qui se traduit souvent par une surutilisation de procédures de substitution et la résolution plus sémantique que métalinguistique des problèmes. Ils montrent aussi que la logique de la réflexion s’apparente à celle d’étudiants de milieu majoritaire même si l’énonciation est teintée du vernaculaire, mais que le problème se trouve amplifié par le facteur sociolinguistique.
De l’insularité à la globalité : subjectivité et discours humaniste chez Édouard Glissant
Authors: Fonkoué Ramon A. 
Published: June 2013

La trajectoire intellectuelle d’Édouard Glissant aura été le reflet d’un engagement qui, à l’origine insulaire, dépassa vite les confins de sa Martinique natale, débouchant sur un projet humaniste original. Si les premiers écrits de Glissant prennent un accent fanonien dans l’urgence du sujet colonial de s’affirmer, la maturation de sa pensée dénote cependant une réévaluation du discours de Fanon, de même qu’un rejet de l’humanisme rationaliste de la Modernité auquel Aimé Césaire adhéra. Progressivement, le « lieu » (terre natale) devient la matrice à partir de laquelle s’élabore la « poétique de la relation » qui ouvre sur le monde, porteuse d’un nouvel humanisme.
Knowledge of accurate blood pressure measurement procedures in chiropractic students
Authors: Crosley Angela M. , Rose James R. La 
Published: June 2013

Objective
Blood pressure measurement is a basic clinical procedure. However, studies have shown that many errors are made when health care providers acquire blood pressure readings. Our study assessed knowledge of blood pressure measurement procedures in chiropractic students.

Methods
This was an observational, descriptive study. A questionnaire based on one created by the American Heart Association was given to 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and final year students (n = 186). A one way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.

Results
Of the students 80% were confident that their knowledge of this clinical skill was adequate or better. However, the overall score on the knowledge test of blood pressure–taking skills was 52% (range, 24%–88%). The only significant difference in the mean scores was between the 1st and 2nd year students compared to the 3rd and 4th year students (p &lt; .005). Of the 16 questions given, the following mean scores were: 1st year 10.45, 2nd year 9.75, 3rd year 7.93, and 4th year 8.33. Of the 16 areas tested, 10 were of major concern (test item score &lt;70%), showing the need for frequent retraining of chiropractic students.

Conclusion
Consistent with studies in other health care disciplines, our research found the knowledge of blood pressure skills to be deficient in our sample. There is a need for subsequent training in our teaching program.
Stress in chiropractic education: a student survey of a five-year course
Authors: Hester Hilary , Cunliffe Christina , Hunnisett Adrian 
Published: June 2013

Objective
Stress encompasses academic issues, such as time management, increased work load, and new subject matter, but cannot be separated from stressors, such as social adjustment and financial pressure. Our study investigated whether perceived level of academic or practical attainment and the method of study were associated with the amount of perceived stress during students” studies.

Methods
A semi-structured self–administered questionnaire was piloted and distributed to 134 students at a chiropractic college at the end of a lecture.

Results
The survey had a response rate of 81%. Students in their fourth year consistently reported the highest perceived levels of stress, with 81% feeling that their ability to study was affected by their financial situation and 56% felt overwhelmed at their ability to cope with their college workload. All year groups were stressed during their course of studies, but the stressor varies depending on the year of study.

Conclusions
Year 4 consistently demonstrated the highest levels of stress. All students, regardless of year group, experienced varying degrees of stress while studying and the central stressor changed depending on the time position within the course.