bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with physical or sexual intimate partner violence perpetration by men attending substance misuse treatment in Catalunya: A mixed methods study
Authors: Gilchrist Gail , Blazquez Alicia , Segura Lidia , Geldschläger Heinrich , Valls Ester , Colom Joan , Torrens Marta 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of intimate partner violence perpetration is higher among male substance misusers than men in the general population. Previous studies have included few risk factors, limiting their capacity to inform interventions.AimThe aim of this study was to examine factors associated with intimate partner violence by male substance misusers.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty‐five men in treatment for substance misuse completed surveys that included the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and the Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory (PMWI). Variables significant in bivariate analyses were entered into multiple logistic regression analyses. Seventeen in‐depth interviews were conducted with perpetrators and analysed using a framework approach.ResultsJust over a third of the men (34%) had been violent in the last year to their current/most recent partner. After excluding the men's own domestic victimisation from the multivariate model, perpetratation of such violence was significantly and independently associated with lower level of education, having higher PMWI dominance–isolation and emotional–verbal subscale scores and parents who had separated/divorced, and at a lower level of significance, childhood physical abuse, hazardous drinking and cocaine as the principal drug for which treatment was sought. Interview data suggested that perpetrators ‘blamed’ alcohol or cocaine use, jealousy, control and provocation or ‘fighting back’ for their behaviour.ConclusionsIntimate partner violence is common among men attending substance misuse treatment. Integrated interventions should that address both intimate partner violence and substance misuse should be considered. Areas for intervention would include reducing dominating–isolating behaviours and emotional–verbal abuse, improving communication skills, challenging gender‐specific roles and believing that substance use ‘causes’ violent behaviour. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of an Additive on Zinc Electrodeposition in the Ionic Liquid 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Trifluoromethylsulfonate
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zein El Abedin Sherif , Borisenko Natalia , Endres Frank 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe influence of an additive, 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐2‐ium trifluoromethylsulfonate, on the electrodeposition of zinc from 0.2 M Zn(TfO)2 in the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate ([EMIm]TfO) at room temperature was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Both in the presence and absence of the additive, the bulk electrodeposition of Zn is obtained at −0.7 V versus Zn. In the presence of the additive, two more reduction peaks, which correlate with the reduction of the additive, are observed at electrode potentials more negative than the bulk deposition of Zn. Both the concentration of the additive and the cathodic reverse potentials influence the zinc stripping process. Furthermore, it was found that the adsorption of the additive on the electrode surface obviously inhibits Zn nucleation and, thus, influences the morphology of the deposit as well as the preferred orientation.
Rebek Imide Platforms as Model Systems for the Investigation of Weak Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Harder Michael , Carnero Corrales Marjorie A. , Trapp Nils , Kuhn Bernd , Diederich François 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA Rebek imide receptor with an acetylene‐linked phenyl ring complexes 2,6‐di(isobutyramido)pyridine in (CDCl2)2 via triple H‐bonding and π–π‐stacking interactions, and the influence of para‐substituents on both rings was investigated by 1H NMR binding titrations. When the phenyl ring was extended to biphenyl and the C(4)‐pyridine substituent varied, interaction energies increased in the order CH3CH2⋅⋅⋅phenyl<CH3S⋅⋅⋅phenyl<phenyl⋅⋅⋅phenyl≪N‐methylcarboxamide⋅⋅⋅phenyl, highlighting the energetic gain from π stacking on amide fragments. The predicted preference of amide–π stacking for an antiparallel alignment of the local dipoles could not be confirmed with the studied system. Different substituents were introduced in the para position of the phenyl ring and their interaction with bound 2,6‐di(isobutyramido)pyridine was investigated. Theoretical predictions that the mere introduction of a substituent has a stabilizing effect on π–π stacking, regardless of its electronic nature, were experimentally confirmed.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Transformation of Molecular Dinitrogen into Silylamine under Ambient Reaction Conditions
Authors: Imayoshi Ryuji , Tanaka Hiromasa , Matsuo Yuki , Yuki Masahiro , Nakajima Kazunari , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe first successful example of cobalt‐catalyzed reduction of N2 with Me3SiCl and Na as a reductant, under ambient reaction conditions, gives N(SiMe3)3, which can be readily converted into NH3. In this reaction system, 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) is found to work as an effective additive to improve substantially the catalytic activity. CoN2 complexes bearing three Me3Si groups as ancillary ligands are considered to work as key reactive species based on DFT calculations. The DFT results also allow the proposal of a detailed reaction pathway for the transformation of N2 into N(SiMe3)3.
Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Some Axially Chiral Binaphthyl Phosphoric Acids in Asymmetric Mannich Reaction
Authors: Yao Yuanyong , Shu Hua , Tang Bangcheng , Chen Shixue , Lu Zhongying , Xue Wei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo novel chiral Br?nsted acids 3b and 3c were prepared without involving the complexity of Suzuki coupling. Catalyst 3c bearing two additional hydroxyl groups at 3 and 3′ positions of axially chiral 1,1‐binaphthalene‐2,2′‐diol phosphoric acid was applied in a model Mannich reaction to afford β‐amino ester in high yield (92%) and enantiomeric excess (91%) at low reacting temperature of −40°C. In addition, those β‐amino ester derivatives with high yields and excellent enatioselectivities were obtained in the presence of catalyst 3c under the above condition.
Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Aromatic Ketones Catalyzed by an Economical and Effective Copper‐Diphosphine Catalytic System in Air
Authors: Liang Minting , Xia Xiaofeng , Liu Xiang , Li Hexing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the presence of the inexpensive and non‐toxic polymethylhydrosiloxane, the combination of copper(II) acetate and a chiral diphosphine displayed high catalytic efficiency in the asymmetric hydrosilylation of a series of aromatic ketones in air atmosphere and at room temperature. (R)‐1‐Arylethanols were obtained with up to 99% yield and 93% enantiomeric excess. Meanwhile, the electron effect and steric hindrance of substituents on the aromatic ring had an interesting influence on both the yields and enantioselectivities. Furthermore, a possible mechanism was presented to explain the influence of some key factors on the reaction.
The Influence of Reaction Temperature on the Formation and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation of (001) Faceted TiO2 Nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Yuliang , Zhang Qiao , Xia Ting , Zhu Daming , Chen Yongsheng , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves has triggered an urgent need for developing clean energy solutions, for example, using sunlight to produce hydrogen with benign photocatalysts. The discovery of (001) faceted TiO2 has inspired intensive studies of this model photocatalyst. Here, we found that the reaction temperature plays an important role in the formation and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanosheets. Small anatase TiO2 nanoparticles are formed at low temperatures, large anatase TiO2 nanosheets appear along with some TiOF2 crystals as the temperature increases, and pure (001) faceted TiO2 nanosheets are formed at high temperatures. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles/nanosheets in hydrogen generation increases when the temperature increases. The (001) facet of TiO2 shows better photocatalytic activity over other facets, and the best performance in hydrogen generation is achieved with synergistic effects between TiO2 nanosheets and TiOF2 particles.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Total Magnetic Moments of Colloidal Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Kinetics‐based Method
Authors: Liu Haiyi , Sun Jianfei , Wang Haoyao , Wang Peng , Song Lina , Li Yang , Chen Bo , Zhang Yu , Gu Ning 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA kinetics‐based method is proposed to quantitatively characterize the collective magnetization of colloidal magnetic nanoparticles. The method is based on the relationship between the magnetic force on a colloidal droplet and the movement of the droplet under a gradient magnetic field. Through computational analysis of the kinetic parameters, such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration, the magnetization of colloidal magnetic nanoparticles can be calculated. In our experiments, the values measured by using our method exhibited a better linear correlation with magnetothermal heating, than those obtained by using a vibrating sample magnetometer and magnetic balance. This finding indicates that this method may be more suitable to evaluate the collective magnetism of colloidal magnetic nanoparticles under low magnetic fields than the commonly used methods. Accurate evaluation of the magnetic properties of colloidal nanoparticles is of great importance for the standardization of magnetic nanomaterials and for their practical application in biomedicine.
Direct synthesis techniques for general Chebyshev filters: lowpass, highpass, and bandstop cases
Authors: Xiao Fei 
Published: May 2015

SummaryConventional synthesis techniques for general Chebyshev lowpass, highpass, and bandstop filters are usually based on general Chebyshev filtering function, from which lowpass prototype is set up. By applying the lowpass to lowpass, highpass, or bandstop frequency transformation on realization networks of lowpass prototypes, final realization networks of general Chebyshev lowpass, highpass, and bandstop filters are obtained. In this paper, direct synthesis techniques for general Chebyshev lowpass, highpass, and bandstop filters are discussed. Transmission zeros can be placed wherever they are desired to control the performance of the filters. Unlike conventional synthesis techniques, they derive filtering polynomials constituting network parameters directly in the lowpass, highpass, or bandstop domain, which might find applications in analogue and digital filter design. Several examples are presented for demonstration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the shapes of hemocytes of Callista brevisiphonata in vitro (Bivalvia, Veneridae)
Authors: Karetin Yu. A. , Pushchin I. I. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFractal formalism in conjunction with linear methods of image analysis is suitable for the comparative analysis of such “irregular” shapes (from the point of view of classical Euclidean geometry) as flattened amoeboid cells of invertebrates in vitro. Cell morphology of in vitro spreading hemocytes from the bivalve mollusc Callista brevisiphonata was analyzed using correlation, factor and cluster analysis. Four significantly different cell types were identified on the basis of 36 linear and nonlinear parameters. The analysis confirmed the adequacy of the selected methodology for numerical description of the shape and the adequacy of classification of nonlinear shapes of spread hemocytes belonging to the same species. Investigation has practical significance for the description of the morphology of cultured cells, since cell shape is a result of summation of a number of extracellular and intracellular factors. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Development of a novel cell sorting method that samples population diversity in flow cytometry
Authors: Osborne Geoffrey W. , Andersen Stacey B. , Battye Francis L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFlow cytometry based electrostatic cell sorting is an important tool in the separation of cell populations. Existing instruments can sort single cells into multi‐well collection plates, and keep track of cell of origin and sorted well location. However currently single sorted cell results reflect the population distribution and fail to capture the population diversity. Software was designed that implements a novel sorting approach, “Slice and Dice Sorting,” that links a graphical representation of a multi‐well plate to logic that ensures that single cells are sampled and sorted from all areas defined by the sort region/s. Therefore the diversity of the total population is captured, and the more frequently occurring or rarer cell types are all sampled. The sorting approach was tested computationally, and using functional cell based assays. Computationally we demonstrate that conventional single cell sorting can sample as little as 50% of the population diversity dependant on the population distribution, and that Slice and Dice sorting samples much more of the variety present within a cell population. We then show by sorting single cells into wells using the Slice and Dice sorting method that there are cells sorted using this method that would be either rarely sorted, or not sorted at all using conventional single cell sorting approaches. The present study demonstrates a novel single cell sorting method that samples much more of the population diversity than current methods. It has implications in clonal selection, stem cell sorting, single cell sequencing and any areas where population heterogeneity is of importance. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Novel lymphocyte screening tube using dried monoclonal antibody reagents
Authors: Hedley Benjamin D. , Keeney Michael , Popma Janice , Chin‐Yee Ian 
Published: May 2015

We previously developed a 10‐color 11‐antibody combination including a viability dye, to screen T‐, B‐, and natural killer (NK)‐cell populations in blood, bone marrow, tissue, and body fluids. Recently, Beckman Coulter has introduced a line of dried reagents that, unlike liquid reagents and cocktails, require no refrigeration, titration, or manipulation before using. We evaluated custom tubes based on our standard lymphocyte screening panel, focusing on comparative analysis, ease of use, and advantages compared with our liquid reagent set.We tested 42 samples from blood (n = 15), bone marrow (n = 17), and tissue (n = 10) with the combination CD4/CD8/KAPPA/LAMBDA/CD19/CD56/CD5/CD20/CD10/CD3/CD45 and a vital dye by both methods and compared positivity and staining intensity for each antigen. Of the 42 samples, 5 were normal samples, 3 were red cell disorders, 20 were B‐cell malignancies, 5 T‐cell malignancies, 4 myeloid malignancies, and the remaining 5 were other diagnoses.Dried reagents gave equivalent staining intensity results to our standard panel in a variety of sample types, with diagnoses including reactive lymphocytosis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and various lymphomas.Our standard panel for evaluation of mature lymphoid malignancies allows rapid assessment of any sample type while providing direct assessment of viability. The dried reagent tube reduces preanalytical work, with simple addition of sample and the viability dye to the tube, saving time, reducing potential errors, and obviating need to titrate and monitor individual antibodies. With a shelf life of at least 12 months, the reagents also offer potential savings in reagent costs by reducing wastage due to expiration or tandem breakdown in standard liquid formulation. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Synthesis of Magnaldehydes B and E and Dictyobiphenyl B by Microwave‐Promoted Cross‐Coupling of Boronophenols
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Riemer Martin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMagnaldehydes B and E along with their 4′‐methylated derivatives are naturally occurring 2,4′‐biphenols that have been isolated from the Magnoliaceae. Herein, these natural products have been synthesized from a common intermediate, which was obtained by a microwave‐promoted, heterogeneously catalyzed, and protecting‐group‐free Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in an aqueous medium. These reaction conditions were also successfully applied to a one‐step synthesis of the slime mold metabolite dictyobiphenyl B.
A depleted mind feels inefficacious: Ego‐depletion reduces self‐efficacy to exert further self‐control
Authors: Chow Jason T. , Hui Chin Ming , Lau Shun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecent research has found that ego‐depletion undermines self‐control by motivating cognition that justifies conservation of mental resource. One potential cognitive mechanism is reduction of self‐efficacy. Specifically, we propose that ego‐depletion might demotivate self‐control by making people believe that they are inefficacious in exerting self‐control in subsequent tasks. Three experiments support the proposal. First, we demonstrated that (a) ego‐depletion can reduce self‐efficacy to exert further control (Experiments 1 to 3) and (b) the temporary reduction of self‐efficacy mediates the effect of depletion on self‐control performance (Experiment 2). Finally, we found that (c) these effects are only observed among participants who endorse a limited (versus non‐limited) theory of willpower and are, hence, more motivated to conserve mental resources (Experiment 3). Taken together, the present findings show that decrease in self‐efficacy to exert further self‐control is an important cognitive process that explains how ego‐depletion demotivates self‐control. This research also contributes to the recent discussion of the psychological processes underlying ego‐depletion.
Some arguments in favor of a Myriophyllum aquaticum growth inhibition test in a water–sediment system as an additional test in risk assessment of herbicides
Authors: Tunić Tanja , Knežević Varja , Kerkez Đurđa , Tubić Aleksandra , Šunjka Dragana , Lazić Sanja , Brkić Dragica , Teodorović Ivana 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

The present study compares the practicability, reproducibility, power, and sensitivity of a Myriophyllum aquaticum growth inhibition test in a water–sediment system with the recently accepted Myriophyllum spicatum test in an equivalent testing system and the standard Lemna sp. test. Special consideration was given to endpoints based on M. aquaticum control plant growth and variability of relative growth rate and yield: shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, and root weight. Sensitivity analysis was based on tests performed with 3,5-dichlorophenol, atrazine, isoproturon, trifluralin, 2,4-dichlorophenoloxyacetic acid, and dicamba. Growth rates for average M. aquaticum control plants were 0.119 d–1 and 0.112 d–1, with average estimated doubling time 6.33 d and 6.74 d for relative growth rate fresh weight and shoot length, respectively. Intrinsic variability of M. aquaticum endpoints was low: 12.9%, 12.5%, and 17.8% for relative growth rate shoot length, relative growth rate fresh weight and yield fresh weight, respectively. The power of the test was fairly high. When the most sensitive endpoints were used for comparison, the 2 Myriophyllum species were similarly sensitive, more sensitive (in the case of auxin simulators), or at least equally sensitive as Lemna minor to other tested herbicides. The M. aquaticum 10-d test with a 7-d exposure period in a water–sediment system has acceptable sensitivity and can provide repeatable, reliable, and reproducible results; therefore, it should not be disregarded as a good and representative additional test in environmental risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2104–2115. © 2015 SETAC
Salinity changes impact of hazardous chemicals in Enchytraeus albidus
Authors: Silva Ana L. Patrício , Amorim Mónica J.B. , Holmstrup Martin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Supralittoral ecosystems are among the most challenging environments for soil organisms, particularly when salinity fluctuations are involved, frequently combined with the presence of contaminants as a result of intense anthropogenic activities. Knowledge of how salinity influences the effect of contaminants in supralittoral species is crucial for determining the safety factors required when extrapolating results from optimal laboratory conditions to these natural ecosystems. The present study therefore evaluated the effects of 2 metals (copper and cadmium) and 2 organic compounds (carbendazim and 4-nonylphenol) in the absence or presence of 15‰ NaCl in the potworm Enchytraeus albidus, a model organism for ecotoxicology studies commonly found in supralittoral ecosystems, The potworms had a higher reproduction in saline soil than in control soil. Moreover, the effects of copper and carbendazim on reproduction were smaller than when they were tested in nonsaline soil. Potworms exposed to nonsaline soils also had significantly higher tissue concentrations of metals, which partly explains the effects on reproduction. The influence of salinity on effects of 4-nonylphenol was, however, less clear; effects on survival decreased in saline soil, but effects on reproduction were highest in saline soil. The latter slightly correlated with tissue concentrations of the chemical. The present study provides the first evidence that soil salinity has a significant influence on the impact of contaminants evaluated with the enchytraeid reproduction test. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2159–2166. © 2015 SETAC
field notes
Authors: Murray Thomas H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractI met John Arras under unpromising circumstances. Awaiting my ride to The Hastings Center from the Ardsley Acres motel (rooms by the hour), I discovered that, contrary to what I'd been told, a competitor for the Center's coveted National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship was also there—a philosopher from California with wild hair and a ready smile. A grueling day of interviews followed. Eventually, we learned that we'd both have the opportunity to spend a year at Hastings, along with Nancy Rhoden, a brilliant young legal scholar. It was a wonderful, life‐altering experience.
Graphic Medicine: Comics Turn a Critical Eye on Health Care
Authors: Glazer Sarah 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA patient arrives in the emergency room apparently in a comatose state. But is he really unconscious or just faking? The young doctors on duty are skeptical. Failing to get a reaction with a chest rub, they try a variety of methods that become increasingly sadistic—pressing on the patient's fingernail with a ballpoint pen, spraying his testicles with a skin‐freezing compound, announcing an imminent eye injection to scare the patient awake.I first encountered those chilling pen‐and‐ink images in a 2012 comic book, Disrepute, authored by Thom Ferrier, the nom de plume for British general practitioner Ian Williams. Disrepute is part of a young but growing genre that Williams helped dub "graphic medicine" when he founded a website by that name in 2007. Using the graphic novel form, doctors, nurses, and patients are producing accounts that often reveal the dark underbelly of the world of medicine. From patients and their families, these include portraits of imperious and insensitive physicians or nurses; from doctors, explorations of the doubt that racks them when their treatment ends in a mistake or a patient's death. While the form is also referred to as “comics,” the work, as in Williams's strip, is bleak just as often as it is humorous.