bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origins and genetic composition of the European fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Newfoundland, Canada
Authors: Hicks Barry J. , Pilgrim Brettney L. , Marshall H. Dawn 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe European Fire Ant,Myrmica rubra(Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is an invasive stinging ant that has only recently been recorded in Newfoundland, Canada. The goal of the present study was to investigate the origins ofM. rubraants in Newfoundland. We analysed mtDNA sequences from the cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase I genes of ants from six localities in Newfoundland, and neighbouring regions of eastern Canada and the United States of America, and compared them with mtDNA data from a recent wide-scale phylogeographical study of the ant throughout Europe. There is evidence for at least four distinct sources of ants on the island. The putative routes of colonisation of the ant to Newfoundland are discussed, as are the possible reasons why it went undiscovered for many decades.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease in the United States: Three Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Deaver Darcie M , Naghashpour Mojdeh , Sokol Lubomir 
Published: January 2014

Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease (KFD), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a benign, self-limiting disease that manifests primarily as cervical lymphadenopathy but may include low-grade fever, headache, and fatigue. There is a higher incidence of KFD in women aged 20-35 years and in Asian populations. A PubMed search revealed 590 articles that described KFD. Of these, 22 cases have been fully described in the United States. Ten of the 22 (45%) patients were male and 12 (55%) were female, with 20% Caucasian, 20% Asian American, and the remaining 60% of other ethnic backgrounds. In this study, we describe an additional 3 cases of KFD and discuss the diagnosis, pathology, and management of KFD.
Resident Physician Perspectives on Outpatient Continuity of Care
Authors: Wieland Mark L. , Jaeger Thomas M. , Bundrick John B. , Mauck Karen F. , Post Jason A. , Thomas Matthew R. , Thomas Kris G. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
The outpatient continuity clinic is an essential component of internal medicine residency programs, yet continuity of patient care in these clinics is suboptimal. Reasons for this discontinuity have been inadequately explored.

Objective
We sought to assess perceived factors contributing to discontinuity in trainee ambulatory clinics.

Methods
The study encompassed 112 internal medicine residents at a large academic medical center in the Midwest. We conducted 2 hours of facilitated discussion with 18 small groups of residents. Residents were asked to reflect on factors that pose barriers to continuity in their ambulatory practice and potential mechanisms to reduce these barriers. Resident comments were transcribed and inductive analysis was performed to develop themes. We used these themes to derive recommendations for improving continuity of care in a resident ambulatory clinic.

Results
Key themes included an imbalance of clinic scheduling that favors access for patients with acute symptoms over continuity, clinic triage scripts that deemphasize continuity, inadequate communication among residents and faculty regarding shared patients, residents' inefficient use of nonphysician care resources, and a lack of shared values between patients and providers regarding continuity of care.

Conclusions
The results offer important information that may be applied in iterative program changes to enhance continuity of care in resident clinics.
Feasibility and Validation of Real-Time Patient Evaluations of Internal Medicine Interns' Communication and Professionalism Skills
Authors: Dine C. Jessica , Ruffolo Stefanie , Lapin Jennifer , Shea Judy A. , Kogan Jennifer R. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Residents receive little information about how they interact with patients.

Objective
This pilot study assessed the feasibility and validity of a new 16-item tool developed to assess patients' perspectives of interns' communication skills and professionalism and the team's communication.

Methods
Feasibility was determined by the percentage of surveys completed, the average time for survey completion, the percentage of target interns evaluated, and the mean number of evaluations per intern. Generalizability was analyzed using an (evaluator:evaluatee) × item model. Simulated D studies estimated optimal numbers of items and evaluators. Factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to examine the structure of the items. Scores were correlated with other measures of communication and professionalism for validation.

Results
Most patients (225 of 305 [74%]) completed the evaluation. Each survey took approximately 6.3 minutes to complete. In 43 days over 18 weeks, 45 of 50 interns (90%) were evaluated an average of 4.6 times. Fifty evaluations would be required to reach a minimally acceptable coefficient (0.57). Two factor structures were identified. The evaluation did not correlate with faculty evaluations of resident communication but did correlate weakly (r  =  0.140, P  =  .04) with standardized patient evaluations.

Conclusions
A large number of patient evaluations are needed to reliably assess intern and team communication skills. Evaluations by patients add a perspective in assessing these skills that is different from those of faculty evaluations. Future work will focus on whether this new information adds to existing evaluation systems and warrants the added effort.
Homing of Neural Stem Cells From the Venous Compartment Into a Brain Infarct Does Not Involve Conventional Interactions With Vascular Endothelium
Authors: Goncharova Valentina , Das Shreyasi , Niles Walter , Schraufstatter Ingrid , Wong Aaron K. , Povaly Tatiana , Wakeman Dustin , Miller Leonard , Snyder Evan Y. , Khaldoyanidi Sophia K. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) hold great potential for treatment of a wide variety of neurodegenerative and neurotraumatic conditions. Heretofore, administration has been through intracranial injection or implantation of cells. Because neural stem cells are capable of migrating to the injured brain from the intravascular space, it seemed feasible to administer them intravenously if their ability to circumvent the blood-brain barrier was enhanced. In the present studies, we found that interactions of hNSCs in vitro on the luminal surface of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was enhanced following enforced expression of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen on cell surface moieties by incubation of hNSCs with fucosyltransferase VI and GDP-fucose (fhNSCs). Interestingly, ex vivo fucosylation of hNSCs not only did not improve the cells homing into the brain injured by stroke following intravenous administration but also increased mortality of rats compared with the nonfucosylated hNSC group. Efforts to explain these unexpected findings using a three-dimensional flow chamber device revealed that transmigration of fhNSCs (under conditions of physiological shear stress) mediated by stromal cell-derived factor 1α was significantly decreased compared with controls. Further analysis revealed that hNSCs poorly withstand physiological shear stress, and their ability is further decreased following fucosylation. In addition, fhNSCs demonstrated a higher frequency of cellular aggregate formation as well as a tendency for removal of fucose from the cell surface. In summary, our findings suggest that the behavior of hNSCs in circulation is different from that observed with other cell types and that, at least for stroke, intravenous administration is a suboptimal route, even when the in vitro rolling ability of hNSCs is optimized by enforced fucosylation.
Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived From Mouse and Human White Mature Adipocytes
Authors: Jumabay Medet , Abdmaulen Raushan , Ly Albert , Cubberly Mark R. , Shahmirian Laurine J. , Heydarkhan-Hagvall Sepideh , Dumesic Daniel A. , Yao Yucheng , Boström Kristina I. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
White mature adipocytes give rise to so-called dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells that spontaneously undergo multilineage differentiation. In this study, we defined stem cell characteristics of DFAT cells as they are generated from adipocytes and the relationship between these characteristics and lineage differentiation. Both mouse and human DFAT cells, prepared from adipose tissue and lipoaspirate, respectively, showed evidence of pluripotency, with a maximum 5–7 days after adipocyte isolation. The DFAT cells spontaneously formed clusters in culture, which transiently expressed multiple stem cell markers, including stage-specific embryonic antigens, and Sca-1 (mouse) and CD105 (human), as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and immunostaining. As the stem cell markers decreased, markers characteristic of the three germ layers and specific lineage differentiation, such as α-fetoprotein (endoderm, hepatic), Neurofilament-66 (ectoderm, neurogenic), and Troponin I (mesoderm, cardiomyogenic), increased. However, no teratoma formation was detected after injection in immunodeficient mice. A novel modification of the adipocyte isolation aimed at ensuring the initial purity of the adipocytes and avoiding ceiling culture allowed isolation of DFAT cells with pluripotent characteristics. Thus, the adipocyte-derived DFAT cells represent a plastic stem cell population that is highly responsive to changes in culture conditions and may benefit cell-based therapies.
Improving the performance of existing missile autopilot using simple adaptive control
Authors: Rusnak Ilan , Weiss Haim , Barkana Itzhak 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYA simple add‐on adaptive control algorithm is presented. The paper demonstrates via example that the performance of existing missile autopilot can be improved. The algorithm involves the synthesis of parallel feedforward, which guarantees that the controlled plant is almost strictly positive real. It is proved in the paper that such a parallel feedforward always exists. The proof is based on the parameterization of a set of stabilizing controllers. This parameterization enables straightforward design and implementation of the add‐on simple adaptive control algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theme Issue Overview: Emerging Issues in Global Animal Product Trade
Authors: Muhammad Andrew , Jones Keithly , Hagerman Amy 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn this special issue of Agribusiness: An International Journal we focus on emerging issues in global animal product trade, the theme of a conference hosted by the Economic Research Service (ERS), U.S. Department of Agriculture on September 27–28, 2012 in Washington, DC, in partnership with Farm Foundation, NFP, the Larry Combest Endowed Chair for Agricultural Competitiveness at Texas Tech University, and the S‐1043 Regional Research Group. The articles in this special issue highlight a range of factors affecting animal product trade such as import standards and regulations, import bans, preferential trade agreements, price transmission and volatility, exchange rate volatility, and demand growth in emerging markets.
Synthesis of the Aglycone of the Argelosides: Antiproliferative 14,15‐seco‐Pregnane Glycosides
Authors: Tamiya Minoru , Isaka Nobuhisa , Kitazawa Takaki , Ishiguro Masaji 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of the argeloside aglycon, the highly‐oxygenated seco‐pregnane with cage‐like D, E, and F rings, is accomplished in 13 steps starting from a readily accessible vinyl cyclopentanone derivative. The key steps involve Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation to set the C16 stereocenter, Baeyer–Villiger oxidation to construct the seco‐structure, and Wacker oxidation to introduce the C17 oxo groups.
The morphology of Oreopithecus bambolii pollical distal phalanx
Authors: Almécija Sergio , Shrewsbury Marvin , Rook Lorenzo , Moyà‐Solà Salvador 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTOreopithecus bambolii is a Late Miocene ape from Italy, first described in the late 19th century. Its interpretation is still highly controversial, especially in reference to its hand proportions and thumb morphology. In this study, the authors provide detailed descriptions of the available Oreopithecus pollical distal phalanx (PDP) specimens, as well as bivariate and multivariate morphometric analyses in comparison with humans, extant apes, selected anthropoid monkeys, and available Miocene PDP specimens. The multivariate results reveal two opposite poles on the hominoid PDP shape spectrum: on one side, a mediolaterally broad and dorsopalmarly short human PDP, and on the other side, the narrow and “conical” PDP of chimpanzees and orangutans. The authors contend that Oreopithecus exhibits intermediate PDP proportions that are largely primitive for hominoids because it shares morphological similarities with Proconsul. Furthermore, Oreopithecus displays a mediolaterally wide tuft for a hominoid, as well as a palmarly elevated attachment for a long tendon of a flexor muscle that is associated at its proximal edge with a proximal fossa and at its distal edge with an ungual fossa. These nonmetrical traits have been associated in humans with their capability to oppose and contact the proximal pads of the thumb and fingers, that is, pad‐to‐pad precision grasping. These traits reinforce previous studies that indicate a human‐like thumb‐to‐hand length ratio compatible with pad‐to‐pad precision grasping in Oreopithecus. Although specific hand use is still unresolved in Oreopithecus, the results suggest enhanced manipulative skills (unrelated to stone tool‐making) in this taxon relative to other (extant or fossil) hominoids. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:582–597, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stable nitrogen isotope analysis of dentine serial sections elucidate sex differences in weaning patterns of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Fahy Geraldine E. , Richards Michael P. , Fuller Benjamin T. , Deschner Tobias , Hublin Jean‐Jacques , Boesch Christophe 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTOffspring provisioning is one of the most energetically demanding aspects of reproduction for female mammals. Variation in lactation length and weaning strategies between chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), our closest living relative, and modern human societies have been reported. When and why these changes occurred is frequently debated. Our study used stable nitrogen isotope data of tooth root dentine from wild Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, to quantify weaning in these chimpanzees and explore if infant sex plays a role in maternal investment. We analyzed serial sections of deciduous lateral incisor root dentine from four Taï chimpanzees to establish the δ15N signal of nursing infants; we then analyzed serial sections of first permanent mandibular molar root dentine from 12 Taï chimpanzees to provide quantitative δ15N data on weaning in this population. Up to 2 years of age both sexes exhibited dentine δ15N values ≈2–3‰ higher than adult female Taï chimpanzees, consistent with a nursing signal. Thereafter a steady decrease in δ15N values consistent with the onset, and progression, of weaning, was visible. Sex differences were also evident, where male δ15N values decreased at a significantly slower rate compared to females. Confirmation of sex differences in maternal investment among Taï chimpanzees, demonstrates the viability of using isotope analysis to investigate weaning in non‐human primates. Additionally, assuming that behaviors observed in the Taï chimpanzees are illustrative of the ancestral pattern, our results provide a platform to enable the trajectory of weaning in human evolution to be further explored. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:635–642, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of diabetes mellitus on chronic rhinosinusitis and sinus surgery outcome
Authors: Zhang Zi , Adappa Nithin D. , Lautenbach Ebbing , Chiu Alexander G. , Doghramji Laurel , Howland Timothy J. , Cohen Noam A. , Palmer James N. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundPatients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are known to be prone to infection. However, the association between diabetes and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has not been well studied. We sought to determine the effects of DM on CRS culture results and quality of life (QOL) after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study. Adult CRS patients undergoing FESS were recruited from October 1, 2007 to December 31, 2011. Patient demographics, comorbidities, medication use, and Lund‐Mackay CT scores were collected prior to FESS. Intraoperative culture was obtained. Preoperative and 1‐month, 3‐month, and 6‐month postoperative QOL was measured by scores on the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22). A mixed effects model was performed for analysis.ResultsAmong the 376 CRS patients included, 19 patients (5.05%) had DM. Compared to non‐DM patients, DM patients were significantly more likely to have Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.32% vs 7.56%; p = 0.004) and Gram‐negative rods (26.32% vs 8.96%; p = 0.013), but there was no significant difference in the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus; DM patients were also significantly more likely to have nasal polyps and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Additionally, DM patients had significantly less improvement of postoperative SNOT‐22 scores from baseline to 6‐month follow‐up than non‐DM patients (adjusted mean = 11.14, 95% CI (0.14, 22.15), p = 0.047) after adjusting for all the other risk factors for CRS.ConclusionDM patients may be prone to Gram‐negative bacterial sinus infections, and have significantly worse short‐term postoperative QOL. Special postoperative care may need to be considered in CRS patients with DM.
Cingi Steps for preoperative computer‐assisted image editing before reduction rhinoplasty
Authors: Cingi Can Cemal , Cingi Cemal , Bayar Muluk Nuray 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe aim of this work is to provide a stepwise systematic guide for a preoperative photo‐editing procedure for rhinoplasty cases involving the cooperation of a graphic artist and a surgeon.MethodsOne hundred female subjects who planned to undergo a reduction rhinoplasty operation were included in this study. The Cingi Steps for Preoperative Computer Imaging (CS‐PCI) program, a stepwise systematic guide for image editing using Adobe PhotoShop's “liquify” effect, was applied to the rhinoplasty candidates. The stages of CS‐PCI are as follows: (1) lowering the hump; (2) shortening the nose; (3) adjusting the tip projection, (4) perfecting the nasal dorsum, (5) creating a supratip break, and (6) exaggerating the tip projection and/or dorsal slope.ResultsPerforming the Cingi Steps allows the patient to see what will happen during the operation and observe the final appearance of his or her nose. After the application of described steps, 71 patients (71%) accepted step 4, and 21 (21%) of them accepted step 5. Only 10 patients (10%) wanted to make additional changes to their operation plans.ConclusionThe main benefits of using this method is that it decreases the time needed by the surgeon to perform a graphic analysis, and it reduces the time required for the patient to reach a decision about the procedure. It is an easy and reliable method that will provide improved physician‐patient communication, increased patient confidence, and enhanced surgical planning while limiting the time needed for planning.
Genetic variations in taste receptors are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis: a replication study
Authors: Mfuna Endam Leandra , Filali‐Mouhim Abdelali , Boisvert Pierre , Boulet Louis‐Philippe , Bossé Yohan , Desrosiers Martin 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundRecent evidence implicates polymorphisms of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 as defining characteristics in respiratory innate defense that may contribute to the complex genetic and environmental interactions predisposing to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The purpose of this study was to (1) verify whether identified polymorphisms associated with respiratory infection in taste receptors replicate within our existing population of patients with CRS and (2) identify other taste receptors potentially associated with CRS.MethodsPooling‐based genomewide association studies (pGWAS) were previously performed on 2 populations of Canadian CRS patients (genetics of chronic rhinosinusitis 1, refractory CRS [GCRS1]; and genetics of chronic rhinosinusitis 2, CRS with nasal polyposis [GCRS2]) using the Illumina HumanHap 1‐M chip. The pGWAS data were screened for polymorphisms in taste receptor genes. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were considered replicated when the allele frequency differences were ≥10% in cases compared to controls.ResultsThe previously identified TAS2R38 coding SNP rs10246939 (I296V) was associated with CRS in both populations. The difference in allele frequency in cases compared to control subjects was 11% in GCRS1 and 15% in GCRS2. In addition, 3 previously undescribed missense variants were associated with CRS in our populations: 1 in the TAS2R13 gene (rs1015443), and the others in the TAS2R49 gene (rs12226920, rs12226919).ConclusionThis study replicates previous work which showed that the coding SNP rs10246939 in the TAS2R38 gene is associated with CRS. Moreover, the results suggest that other taste receptors may be implicated in CRS. Further studies using individual genotyping and sequencing, and functional studies will provide more information about the implication of these genetic variants in CRS.
Behavior of cellulose liquefaction after pretreatment using ionic liquids with water mixtures
Authors: Wang Qingyue , Chen Qiyu , Mitsumura Naoki , Animesh Sarkar 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIonic liquid (IL)‐water mixtures were applied in cellulose pretreatment experiment and the pretreated cellulose was used in subsequent phenol liquefaction process as a new application method. Cellulose recovery rate and the average molecular weight (Mw) of pretreated cellulose were investigated to understand the influence of these mixtures on cellulose structure. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, gel permeation chromatograph, and scanning electron microscope were used to clarify the changes of pretreated cellulose. The liquefied residues from untreated cellulose and pretreated cellulose were considered as significant index to determine the effect of IL‐water mixtures on cellulose. Moreover, liquefied residues were initially characterized by the variation of the average Mw. It was suggested that the lower Mw of cellulose obtained in IL‐water mixtures, and the crystalline structure was disrupted. So, some cracks were found on the cellulose surface obviously. The liquefied residues result suggested that the pretreated cellulose obtained the lower residues at the same time or the same amount of residues by using the less time. The behavior of cellulose liquefaction efficiency using IL‐water mixture pretreatment was discussed. The lower Mw of cellulose was the major factor, which accelerates the cellulose phenol liquefaction process efficiency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40255.