bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of postpartum depression in mothers and fathers and its correlates
Authors: Serhan Nilüfer , Ege Emel , Ayrancı Unal , Kosgeroglu Nedime 
Published: December 2012

Aims and objectivesTo determine the prevalence of postpartum depression and its connections in a group of mothers and their husbands.BackgroundAlthough postpartum depression in mothers during the postnatal period has been extensively studied, the courses of depression from pregnancy to postpartum and risk factors among mothers and fathers together are not known.DesignA cross‐sectional design was used.MethodsThis study included 110 couples registered at a family health centre in western Turkey. For the data collection, the Mother Introduction Form, the Father Introduction Form and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale were used. The data were analysed by Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, Spearman correlation and logistic regression tests.ResultsThe prevalence of postpartum depression was 9·1 and 1·8% for mothers and fathers, respectively. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale average score for mothers was 4·29 ± 5·33 points and 1·12 ± 2·75 points for fathers. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale scores were significantly higher in mothers who said that their relationship with their husbands was moderate or bad, who felt partly sufficient in the baby care, who were in difficulty in the baby care, who felt anxious for their motherhood and who said that they had not received support from anybody for baby care. The logistic analysis found that those feeling anxious about motherhood were at risk 5·6 times more than the others in developing postpartum depression.ConclusionBoth mothers and fathers should be given consulting services about baby care and how they can manage with postpartum depression during postpartum period.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the utility of screening for the risk of postpartum depression during pregnancy and also during the early postpartum period.
Paediatric resuscitation for nurses working in Ghana: an educational intervention
Authors: Brennan M.M. , Fitzpatrick J.J. , McNulty S.R. , Campo T. , Welbeck J. , Barnes G. 
Published: December 2012

BRENNAN M.M., FITZPATRICK J.J., MCNULTY S.R., CAMPO T., WELBECK J. & BARNES G. (2013) Paediatric resuscitation for nurses working in Ghana: an educational intervention. International Nursing Review60, 136–143Background:  Deficiencies in the paediatric emergency systems of developing countries may contribute to avoidable paediatric mortality. Studies suggest that nurses and doctors may not be educationally prepared to provide immediate paediatric resuscitative care to acutely ill children. The purpose of this study was to determine if a 1‐day World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Triage and Assessment Treatment (ETAT) Program in paediatric resuscitation would increase Ghanaian nurses' knowledge and self‐efficacy of paediatric resuscitation.Methods:  A pre‐experimental, one‐group, pre‐test, post‐test design was used to assess differences in the nurses' knowledge of paediatric resuscitation, and their perceived self‐efficacy of paediatric resuscitation after completing a 1‐day educational intervention in paediatric resuscitation. Forty‐one nurses from a public teaching hospital in Ghana were recruited and participated in the study.Results:  Using a paired samples t‐test, there was a statistically significant increase in the nurses' perceived self‐efficacy of paediatric resuscitation in general (P < 0.000), perceived self‐efficacy of bag and mask ventilation (P < 0.000), and knowledge of paediatric resuscitation (P < 0.000).Conclusions:  Findings from this study suggest that a 1‐day WHO ETAT Program may increase self‐efficacy of paediatric resuscitation and knowledge of paediatric resuscitation.Clinical Relevance:  Policy makers in Ghana need to consider implementing education programmes in paediatric resuscitation for nurses as part of a comprehensive strategy to improve emergency systems and address preventable and avoidable infant and child mortality.
Integrative Analysis of Cancer Diagnosis Studies with Composite Penalization
Authors: Liu Jin , Ma Shuangge , Huang Jian 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIn cancer diagnosis studies, high‐throughput gene profiling has been extensively conducted, searching for genes whose expressions may serve as markers. Data generated from such studies have the ‘large d, small n’ feature, with the number of genes profiled much larger than the sample size. Penalization has been extensively adopted for simultaneous estimation and marker selection. Because of small sample sizes, markers identified from the analysis of single data sets can be unsatisfactory. A cost‐effective remedy is to conduct integrative analysis of multiple heterogeneous data sets. In this article, we investigate composite penalization methods for estimation and marker selection in integrative analysis. The proposed methods use the minimax concave penalty (MCP) as the outer penalty. Under the homogeneity model, the ridge penalty is adopted as the inner penalty. Under the heterogeneity model, the Lasso penalty and MCP are adopted as the inner penalty. Effective computational algorithms based on coordinate descent are developed. Numerical studies, including simulation and analysis of practical cancer data sets, show satisfactory performance of the proposed methods.
The civic zeitgeist: nationalism and liberal values in theEuropean radical right
Authors: Halikiopoulou Daphne , Mock Steven , Vasilopoulou Sofia 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between nationalism and liberal values and, more specifically, the redefinition of boundaries between national communities and others in the rhetoric of radical right parties inEurope. The aim is to examine the tension between radical right party discourse and the increasing need to shape this discourse in liberal terms. We argue that the radical right parties that successfully operate within the democratic system tend to be those best able to tailor their discourse to the liberal and civic characteristics of national identity so as to present themselves and their ideologies as the true authentic defenders of the nation's unique reputation for democracy, diversity and tolerance. Comparing the success of a number ofEuropean radical right parties ranging from the most electorally successfulSwissPeople'sParty, the Dutch Pim Fortuyn List and Party for Freedom to the more mixed French Front National, British National Party and National Democratic Party of Germany we show that the parties that effectively deploy the symbolic resources of national identity through a predominantly voluntaristic prism tend to be the ones that fare better within their respective political systems. In doing so, we challenge the conventional view in the study of nationalism that expects civic values to shield countries from radicalism and extremism.
Whole‐Brain Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Levin Bonnie E. , Katzen Heather L. , Maudsley Andrew , Post Judith , Myerson Connie , Govind Varan , Nahab Fatta , Scanlon Blake , Mittel Aaron 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo examine the distributions of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) observed metabolites in Parkinson's disease (PD) throughout the whole brain.METHODSTwelve PD patients and 18 age‐matched controls were studied using neuropsychological testing, MRI and volumetric MR spectroscopic imaging. Average values of signal normalized metabolite values for N‐acetyl‐aspartate, total‐creatine, and total‐choline (NAA, total‐Cre, total‐Cho, respectively) and their ratios were calculated for gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in each lobar brain region.RESULTSAnalyses revealed altered metabolite values in PD subjects relative to controls within the GM of the temporal lobe (right: elevated Cre, P = .027; decreased NAA/Cre, P = .019; decreased Cho/Cre, P = .001 and left: decreased NAA/Cre; P = .001, decreased Cho/Cre, P = .007); the right occipital lobe (decreased NAA, P = .032 and NAA/Cre, P = .016); and the total cerebrum GM (decreased NAA/Cre, P = .029). No meaningful correlations were obtained between abnormal metabolite values and the neuropsychological measures.CONCLUSIONSPD is associated with widespread alterations of brain metabolite concentrations, with a primary finding of increased creatine. Higher creatine values in our PD sample may reflect greater neuronal energy expenditure early in the disease process that is compensatory. This is the first whole brain MRS study of PD that has examined metabolite changes across a large fraction of the brain volume, including the cortical mantle.
Evaluating of Small Intracranial Aneurysms by 64‐Detector CT Angiography: A Comparison with 3‐Dimensional Rotation DSA or Surgical Findings
Authors: Zhang He , Hou Chang , Zhou Zhi , Zhang Hao , Zhou Gen , Zhang Gui 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe diagnostic performance of 64‐detector computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for detection of small intracranial aneurysms (SIAs) was evaluated.METHODSIn this prospective study, 112 consecutive patients underwent 64‐detector CTA before volume‐rendering rotation digital subtraction angiography (VR‐RDSA) or surgery. VR‐RDSA or intraoperative findings or both were used as the gold standards. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), as measures to detect or rule out SIAs, were determined by patient‐based and aneurysm size‐based evaluations.RESULTSThe reference standard methods revealed 84 small aneurysms in 71 patients. The results of patient‐based 64‐detector CTA evaluation for SIAs were: accuracy, 98.2%; sensitivity, 98.6%; specificity, 97.6%; PPV, 98.6%; and NPV, 97.6%. The aneurysm‐based evaluation results were: accuracy, 96.8%; sensitivity, 97.6%; specificity, 95.1%; PPV, 97.6%; and NPV, 95.1%. Two false‐positive and two false‐negative findings for aneurysms <3 mm in size occurred in the 64‐detector CTA analysis.CONCLUSIONThe diagnostic performance of 64‐detector CTA did not improve much compared with 16‐detector CTA for detecting SIAs, especially for very small aneurysms. VR‐RDSA is still necessary for patients with a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage if the CTA findings are negative.
Reactive Hot Pressing of ZrC–SiC Ceramics at Low Temperature
Authors: Wang Xin‐Gang , Zhang Guo‐Jun , Xue Jia‐Xiang , Tang Yun , Huang Xiao , Xu Chang‐Ming , Wang Pei‐Ling 
Published: December 2012

Composites of ZrC–SiC with relative densities in excess of 98% were prepared by reactive hot pressing of ZrC and Si at temperature as low as 1600°C. The reaction between ZrC and Si resulted in the formation of ZrC1−x, SiC, and ZrSi. Low‐temperature densification of ZrC−SiC ceramics is attributed to the formed nonstoichiometric ZrC1−x and Zr–Si liquid phase. Adding 5 wt% Si to ZrC, the three‐point bending strength of formed ZrC0.8–13.4 vol%SiC ceramics reached 819 ± 102 MPa with hardness and toughness being 20.5 GPa and 3.3 MPa·m1/2, respectively.
Clinical and microbiological effects of systemic antimicrobials combined to an anti‐infective mechanical debridement for the management of aggressive periodontitis: a 12‐month randomized controlled trial
Authors: Silva‐Senem Mayra Xavier e , Heller Débora , Varela Victor Macedo , Torres Maria Cynesia Barros , Feres‐Filho Eduardo Jorge , Colombo Ana Paula Vieira 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimTo compare the 1‐year clinical and microbiological outcomes of an enhanced anti‐infective therapy with versus without systemic antimicrobials in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP).MethodsIn this 12‐month randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial, 35 individuals assigned to a control (n = 17) or test group (n = 18) received full‐mouth supra and subgingival ultrasonic debridement followed by scaling and root planing with chlorhexidine rinsing, brushing, and irrigation. Subjects received either amoxicillin (AMX, 500 mg) + metronidazole (MET, 250 mg) or placebos, TID for 10 days. Subgingival samples were obtained and analysed for their composition by checkerboard. Data were subjected to non‐parametric tests.ResultsBoth therapeutic protocols resulted in similar significant clinical improvement for most parameters at 1 year (p < 0.01). The AMX + MET group exhibited shallower residual pockets than the placebo (p = 0.05). Most periodontal pathogens decreased, whereas beneficial bacteria increased in counts in both groups over time (p < 0.0012). High levels of some periodontal and other microbial pathogens were associated with disease persistence regardless treatment.ConclusionsThe enhanced anti‐infective mechanical therapy is comparable with its combination with systemic AMX+MET for most clinical parameters and for maintaining low levels of periodontal pathogens for up to 1 year after treatment of GAP.
An automated rapid detection system using the quenching probe method for detecting interleukin 28B and inosine triphosphatase single nucleotide polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Takahashi H. , Mizuta T. , Oeda S. , Isoda H. , Nakashita S. , Kawaguchi Y. , Izumi N. , Hirai M. , Kurose K. , Iwane S. , Eguchi Y. , Kimura S. , Anzai K. , Ozaki I. 
Published: December 2012

SummarySingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin 28B gene (IL28B) are good pretreatment predictors of anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with interferon. SNPs of the inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene are associated with reduced haemoglobin levels during treatment with ribavirin. The i‐densy™ (Arkray, Inc.), which is based on the quenching probe (QP) method, automatically detects target genes in blood samples by fluorescence quenching within 100 min. Using a QP and primer set, a gene amplification response is generated that can quickly and easily detect a specific gene's arrangement by fluorometry. The present study was conducted to compare the utility of i‐densy (QP method) with that of conventional direct sequencing (DS) for detecting SNPs in the IL28B and ITPA genes in chronic hepatitis C patients. Between June 2011 and January 2012, 73 consecutive patients underwent genotyping of IL28B, and 54 patients underwent genotyping of ITPA. All of the patients were seropositive for HCV‐RNA. The IL28B and ITPA genotypes were tested for bi‐allelic polymorphisms in rs8099917 (T/T, T/G and G/G; minor allele, G) and rs1127354 (C/C, C/A and A/A; minor allele, A), respectively. The results obtained with the QP method were identical to those obtained with the conventional DS method. The frequency of the IL28B genotypes TT, GT and GG were 74%, 24.7% and 1.4%, respectively, and those of the ITPA genotypes CC, AC and AA were 68.5%, 29.6% and 1.9%, respectively. These results indicate that the i‐densy using the QP method can automatically, quickly and easily identify genotypes of IL28B and ITPA.
The structure and repertoire of small interfering RNAs in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis reveal diversification in the trypanosomatid RNAi pathway
Authors: Atayde Vanessa D. , Shi Huafang , Franklin Joseph B. , Carriero Nicholas , Notton Timothy , Lye Lon‐Fye , Owens Katherine , Beverley Stephen M. , Tschudi Christian , Ullu Elisabetta 
Published: December 2012

SummaryAmong trypanosomatid protozoa the mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi) has been investigated in Trypanosoma brucei and to a lesser extent in Leishmania braziliensis. Although these two parasitic organisms belong to the same family, they are evolutionarily distantly related raising questions about the conservation of the RNAi pathway. Here we carried out an in‐depth analysis of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) associated with L. braziliensis Argonaute1 (LbrAGO1). In contrast to T. brucei, Leishmania siRNAs are sensitive to 3′ end oxidation, indicating the absence of blocking groups, and the Leishmania genome does not code for a HEN1 RNA 2′‐O‐methyltransferase, which modifies small RNA 3′ ends. Consistent with this observation, ∼ 20% of siRNA 3′ ends carry non‐templated uridines. Thus siRNA biogenesis, and most likely their metabolism, is different in these organisms. Similarly to T. brucei, putative mobile elements and repeats constitute the major Leishmania siRNA‐producing loci and AGO1 ablation leads to accumulation of long transcripts derived from putative mobile elements. However, contrary to T. brucei, no siRNAs were detected from other genomic regions with the potential to form double‐stranded RNA, namely sites of convergent transcription and inverted repeats. Thus, our results indicate that organism‐specific diversification has occurred in the RNAi pathway during evolution of the trypanosomatid lineage.
Low‐molecular‐weight thiol‐dependent antioxidant and antinitrosative defences in Salmonella pathogenesis
Authors: Song Miryoung , Husain Maroof , Jones‐Carson Jessica , Liu Lin , Henard Calvin A. , Vázquez‐Torres Andrés 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWe found herein that the intracytoplasmic pool of the low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) thiol glutathione (GSH) is readily oxidized in Salmonella exposed to nitric oxide (NO). The hypersusceptibility of gshA and gshB mutants lacking γ‐glutamylcysteine and glutathione synthetases to NO and S‐nitrosoglutathione indicates that GSH antagonizes the bacteriostatic activity of reactive nitrogen species. Metabolites of the GSH biosynthetic pathway do not affect the enzymatic activity of classical NO targets such as quinol oxidases. In contrast, LMW thiols diminish the nitrosative stress experienced by enzymes, such as glutamine oxoglutarate amidotransferase, that contain redox active cysteines. LMW thiols also preserve the transcription of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 gene targets from the inhibitory activity of nitrogen oxides. These findings are consistent with the idea that GSH scavenges reactive nitrogen species (RNS) other than NO. Compared with the adaptive response afforded by inducible systems such as the hmp‐encoded flavohaemoprotein, gshA, encoding the first step of GSH biosynthesis, is constitutively expressed in Salmonella. An acute model of salmonellosis has revealed that the antioxidant and antinitrosative properties associated with the GSH biosynthetic pathway represent a first line of Salmonella resistance against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species engendered in the context of a functional NRAMP1R divalent metal transporter.
The group A streptococcal collagen‐like protein‐1, Scl1, mediates biofilm formation by targeting the extra domain A‐containing variant of cellular fibronectin expressed in wounded tissue
Authors: Oliver‐Kozup Heaven , Martin Karen H. , Schwegler‐Berry Diane , Green Brett J. , Betts Courtney , Shinde Arti V. , Van De Water Livingston , Lukomski Slawomir 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWounds are known to serve as portals of entry for group A Streptococcus (GAS). Subsequent tissue colonization is mediated by interactions between GAS surface proteins and host extracellular matrix components. We recently reported that the streptococcal collagen‐like protein‐1, Scl1, selectively binds the cellular form of fibronectin (cFn) and also contributes to GAS biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. One structural feature of cFn, which is predominantly expressed in response to tissue injury, is the presence of a spliced variant containing extra domain A (EDA/EIIIA). We now report that GAS biofilm formation is mediated by the Scl1 interaction with EDA‐containing cFn. Recombinant Scl1 proteins that bound cFn also bound recombinant EDA within the C‐C’ loop region recognized by the α9β1 integrin. The extracellular 2‐D matrix derived from human dermal fibroblasts supports GAS adherence and biofilm formation. Altogether, this work identifies and characterizes a novel molecular mechanism by which GAS utilizes Scl1 to specifically target an extracellular matrix component that is predominantly expressed at the site of injury in order to secure host tissue colonization.
An Investigation of Uterine Nitric Oxide Production in Mares Susceptible and Resistant to Persistent Breeding‐Induced Endometritis and the Effects of Immunomodulation
Authors: Woodward EM , Christoffersen M , Campos J , Horohov DW , Scoggin KE , Squires E , Troedsson MHT 
Published: December 2012

ContentsThe first objective of this study was to evaluate intrauterine nitric oxide (NO) and endometrial inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in mares susceptible or resistant to persistent breeding‐induced endometritis (PBIE) within 24 h after breeding. Mares susceptible (n = 6) or resistant (n = 6) toPBIEwere inseminated over five cycles, and uterine secretions and endometrial biopsies were collected before and 2, 6, 12 and 24 h after insemination. Uterine secretions were analysed forNOand biopsies were analyzed for iNOSexpression. A second experiment evaluated the effect of treatment with dexamethasone or mycobacterial cell wall extract (MCWE) on uterineNOproduction and endometrial iNOSmRNAexpression. Six susceptible mares were inseminated over three cycles with (i) killed spermatozoa without treatment (control), (ii) killed spermatozoa with 50 mg of dexamethasone IV or (iii)MCWE IV24 h prior to insemination with killed spermatozoa. Six resistant mares were inseminated with killed spermatozoa as a control. Six hours after breeding, uterine biopsies and secretions were collected and evaluated forNOand iNOSmRNA. In Experiment 1, resistant mares had an increase in iNOSmRNAexpression 2 h post‐breeding compared to baseline (p = 0.045), 12 h (p = 0.014) and 24 h (p = 0.001). Susceptible mares had higher expression 2 h compared to 6 h (p = 0.046). No differences were observed in mRNAor protein expression of iNOSbetween resistant and susceptible mares. Resistant mares had a relatively steady amount of total intrauterineNOover 24 h, while susceptible mares had an increase over time, with a significantly higher increase in totalNOthan resistant mares at 6 (p = 0.04) and 12 h (p = 0.032). In Experiment 2, no differences were observed for iNOSmRNAexpression. Susceptible mares had increasedNOwhen compared to resistant mares (p = 0.008) andMCWEdecreasedNO(p = 0.047).
Integrating tuberculosis and HIV services in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Legido‐Quigley Helena , Montgomery Catherine M. , Khan Palwasha , Atun Rifat , Fakoya Ade , Getahun Haileyesus , Grant Alison D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectivesGiven the imperative to scale up integrated tuberculosis (TB) and HIV services in settings where both are of major public health importance, we aimed to synthesise knowledge concerning implementation of TB/HIV service integration.MethodsSystematic review of studies describing a strategy to facilitate TB and HIV service integration, searching 15 bibliographic databases including Medline, Embase and the Cochrane library; and relevant conference abstracts.ResultsSixty‐three of 1936 peer‐reviewed articles and 70 of 170 abstracts met our inclusion criteria. We identified five models: entry via TB service, with referral for HIV testing and care; entry via TB service, on‐site HIV testing, and referral for HIV care; entry via HIV service with referral for TB screening and treatment; entry via HIV service, on‐site TB screening, and referral for TB diagnosis and treatment; and TB and HIV services provided at a single facility. Referral‐based models are most easily implemented, but referral failure is a key risk. Closer integration requires more staff training and additional infrastructure (e.g. private space for HIV counselling; integrated records). Infection control is a major concern. More integrated models hold potential efficiencies from both provider and user perspective. Most papers report ‘outcomes’ (e.g. proportion of TB patients tested for HIV); few report downstream ‘impacts’ such as outcomes of TB treatment or antiretroviral therapy. Very few studies address the perspectives of service users or staff, or costs or cost‐effectiveness.ConclusionsWhile scaling up integrated services, robust comparisons of the impacts of different models are needed using standardised outcome measures.