bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le don dans la recherche en comportement du consommateur et marketing
Authors: Le Gall-Ely Marine 
Published: November 2013

Résumé S’inscrivant à la suite de réflexions anciennes en sciences humaines et sociales, les recherches sur le don en comportement du consommateur et en marketing sont aussi nombreuses que diverses. Cet article en propose une synthèse structurée autour de cinq thématiques : les cadres d’analyse du don, les perspectives centrées sur le contexte et celles adoptant le point de vue de l’individu, les tentatives de mesure et de modélisation. Il propose également des perspectives de recherche susceptibles d’enrichir les travaux antérieurs.
Castration-induced testosterone deficiency increases fasting glucose associated with hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin resistance in adult male rats
Authors: Xia Fangzhen , Xu Xiao , Zhai Hualing , Meng Ying , Zhang Huixin , Du Shichun , Xu Hui , Wu Hui , Lu Yingli 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundTestosterone deficiency is associated with insulin resistance. However, how testosterone deficiency affects insulin actions remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of castration-induced testosterone deficiency on the metabolic kinetics of glucose and to evaluate the hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin sensitivity, in advanced-age male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats.MethodsTen-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) a control group (n = 10) in which the rats underwent sham castration (2) a castrated group (TD group for testosterone deficiency, n = 10) in which the rats underwent bilateral orchidectomy surgery and (3) a castrated group given testosterone propionate via intraperitoneal injection (25 mg/kg/day) to supplement androgen (TD + TP group, n = 10). At ten weeks after castration in the noted groups, all rats were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a pyruvate tolerance test (PTT) and an insulin tolerance test (ITT). Twenty weeks following that treatment, all rats underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure in conjunction with isotope--labeled glucose and glycerol tracer infusions. The rate of appearance (Ra) of glucose, glycerol and gluconeogenesis (GNG), hepatic glucose production and the rate of glucose disappearance (Rd) were assessed. Glucose uptake was determined by measuring the 2-deoxy-D-14C-glucose in the gastrocnemius muscles.ResultsTen weeks after castration in the TD group, the fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were significantly increased (p < 0.01), the glucose-- induced insulin secretion was impaired and ITT revealed a temporarily increased whole body insulin sensitivity compared with the control group; 30 weeks after castration, the Ra of glucose, Ra of glycerol, as well as the HGP and GNG were also increased (p < 0.01), while the exogenous glucose infusion rate and uptake glucose in the muscle markedly decreased (p < 0.01).ConclusionsCastration-induced testosterone deficiency primarily increases fasting blood glucose levels. The clamp experiments revealed a clear insulin resistance both at the hepatic and extra-hepatic levels.
Trimmed Opinion Pools and the Crowd's Calibration Problem
Authors: Jose Victor Richmond R. , Grushka-Cockayne Yael , Lichtendahl Kenneth C. 
Published: November 2013

We introduce an alternative to the popular linear opinion pool for combining individual probability forecasts. One of the well-known problems with the linear opinion pool is that it can be poorly calibrated. It tends toward underconfidence as the crowd's diversity increases, i.e., as the variance in the individuals' means increases. To address this calibration problem, we propose the exterior-trimmed opinion pool. To form this pool, forecasts with low and high means, or cumulative distribution function (cdf) values, are trimmed away from a linear opinion pool. Exterior trimming decreases the pool's variance and improves its calibration. A linear opinion pool, however, will remain overconfident when individuals are overconfident and not very diverse. For these situations, we suggest trimming away forecasts with moderate means or cdf values. This interior trimming increases variance and reduces overconfidence. Using probability forecast data from U.S. and European Surveys of Professional Forecasters, we present empirical evidence that trimmed opinion pools can outperform the linear opinion pool.This paper was accepted by Rakesh Sarin, decision analysis.
Assessing the Causal Effect of Policies: An Example Using Stochastic Interventions
Authors: Díaz Iván , van der Laan Mark J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAssessing the causal effect of an exposure often involves the definition of counterfactual outcomes in a hypothetical world in which the stochastic nature of the exposure is modified. Although stochastic interventions are a powerful tool to measure the causal effect of a realistic intervention that intends to alter the population distribution of an exposure, their importance to answer questions about plausible policy interventions has been obscured by the generalized use of deterministic interventions. In this article, we follow the approach described in Díaz and van der Laan (2012) to define and estimate the effect of an intervention that is expected to cause a truncation in the population distribution of the exposure. The observed data parameter that identifies the causal parameter of interest is established, as well as its efficient influence function under the non-parametric model. Inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW), augmented IPTW and targeted minimum loss-based estimators (TMLE) are proposed, their consistency and efficiency properties are determined. An extension to longitudinal data structures is presented and its use is demonstrated with a real data example.
Tetrahydrobiopterin compounds modulate intracellular signaling and reactive oxygen species levels in an in vitro model of ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Santer Peter , Ratschiller Thomas , Ashraf Muhammad Imtiaz , Werner Ernst R. , Werner-Felmayer Gabriele , Maglione Manuel , Brandacher Gerald , Troppmair Jakob 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and 4-amino-tetrahydrobiopterin (ABH4) prevent acute rejection after solid organ transplantation. Moreover, BH4 also attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The mechanisms underlying these protective effects are poorly defined. Activation of intracellular signaling proteins, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK, p38, and JNK, and the excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are observed mainly during early reperfusion. While the role of ROS in the initiation and progression of IRI is well understood, the contribution of individual signaling pathways is less clear. Here, we tested the potential effects of BH4 and ABH4 on MAPK activity and mitochondrial ROS levels. During hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R), all three MAPKs were activated during early reoxygenation in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. p38 and JNK activation were further augmented by BH4 and ABH4, whereas ERK activation was not affected. Pretreatment with BH4 and ABH4 reduced the basal mitochondrial ROS levels as well as the H/R-induced increase in ROS. Prolonged incubation with ABH4, however, showed pro-apoptotic effects in cardiomyocytes. These data suggest that a protective effect of BH4 and ABH4 pretreatment may be attributed mainly to their antioxidant capacity. The effects on intracellular signaling are complex and warrant further investigations.
Principles of Judicious Antibiotic Prescribing for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatrics
Authors: Hersh Adam L. , Jackson Mary Anne , Hicks Lauri A. ,   the COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Brady Michael T. , Byington Carrie L. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Murray Dennis L. , Orenstein Walter A. , Rathore Mobeen , Sawyer Mark , Schutze Gordon E. , Willoughby Rodney E. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. 
Published: November 2013

This Clinical Report was retired July 2017.
Most upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses and require no antibiotics. This clinical report focuses on antibiotic prescribing strategies for bacterial upper respiratory tract infections, including acute otitis media, acute bacterial sinusitis, and streptococcal pharyngitis. The principles for judicious antibiotic prescribing that are outlined focus on applying stringent diagnostic criteria, weighing the benefits and harms of antibiotic therapy, and understanding situations when antibiotics may not be indicated. The principles can be used to amplify messages from recent clinical guidelines for local guideline development and for patient communication; they are broadly applicable to antibiotic prescribing in general.
BIOMETRIC STUDIES ON OLIGOMELIC INDIVIDUALS OF THE SPIDER TEGENARIA ATRICA (ARTHROPODA, ARACHNIDA) / BADANIA BIOMETRYCZNE OSOBNIKÓW OLIGOMELICZNYCH PAJĄKA TEGENARIA ATRICA (ARTHROPODA, ARACHNIDA)
Authors: Templin Julita , Napiórkowska Teresa 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Oligomely is a type of developmental anomaly occurring in embryos of the spider Tegenaria atrica C.L. Koch under the teratogenic influence of temperature. This anomaly is of metameric origin, as it results from a disorder of metamere formation on the germ band during embryogenesis, resulting in the absence of one half or the whole metamere. In such a case, one or more appendages are missing on one or both sides of the body in a spider leaving a chorion. This anomaly induces changes both in the anatomical structure and exoskeleton of a spider (deformation of carapace and sternum). Carapace length and sternum area were measured, as well as the duration of the subsequent nymph stages of oligomelic individuals with one of the walking appendages missing (always on the right side of the body) was recorded. The consecutive nymph stages of oligomelic individuals lasted for a much shorter time compared with control specimens. This acceleration of development is probably to offset losses incurred during embryogenesis. In the early postembryogenesis, oligomelic specimens exhibited shorter carapace length and smaller surface area of the sternum compared to control individuals, which resulted from the lack of half of the metamere corresponding to the missing leg. However, in older nymph stages, a strong tendency for the faster growth of both carapace and sternum was observed, which can be defined as a compensatory growth increase making up for the losses caused by the anomaly.
L'utilisation du fer dans l'architecture gothique : l'exemple de la cathédrale de Bourges
Authors: Ferauge Marc , Mignerey Pascal 
Published: November 2013

This study, devoted to the use of iron in the cathedral of Bourges (1195-1255), was condueted under the direction Jean- Louis Taupin, chief architect for the Monuments Historiques, and within the framework of the Centre d'Études Supérieures d'Histoire et de Conservation des Monuments Anciens.
The research in situ, carried out in part with a métal detector, brought to light the use of iron at various stages of the construction in the form of chains, tie-beams, hooks, etc.
Because the lime-based mortar dried slowly, iron was used for provisional consolidation, as in the case of the chain and tie-beams in the upper triforium.
In order to increase the résistance of the masonry to the parasitic thrust of the timberwork and the flying buttresses in the absence of vaults, métal chains were placed in the thickness of the masonry of the wall carrying the gutter, to the right of the springing of the arches of the upper bays at the leveling course.
The cathedral of Bourges will surely remain an exceptional case because of the daring and almost exclusive use of métal in the élaboration of its structures.
Stem Cells in Plastic Surgery: A Review of Current Clinical and Translational Applications
Authors: Salibian Ara A , Widgerow Alan D , Abrouk Michael , Evans Gregory RD 
Published: November 2013

Background Stem cells are a unique cell population characterized by self-renewal and cellular differentiation capabilities. These characteristics, among other traits, make them an attractive option for regenerative treatments of tissues defects and for aesthetic procedures in plastic surgery. As research regarding the isolation, culture and behavior of stem cells has progressed, stem cells, particularly adult stem cells, have shown promising results in both translational and clinical applications.
Methods The purpose of this review is to evaluate the applications of stem cells in the plastic surgery literature, with particular focus on the advances and limitations of current stem cell therapies. Different key areas amenable to stem cell therapy are addressed in the literature review; these include regeneration of soft tissue, bone, cartilage, and peripheral nerves, as well as wound healing and skin aging.
Results The reviewed studies demonstrate promising results, with favorable outcomes and minimal complications in the cited cases. In particular, adipose tissue derived stem cell (ADSC) transplants appear to provide effective treatment options for bony and soft tissue defects, and non-healing wounds. ADSCs have also been shown to be useful in aesthetic surgery.
Conclusions Further studies involving both the basic and clinical science aspects of stem cell therapies are warranted. In particular, the mechanism of action of stem cells, their interactions with the surrounding microenvironment and their long-term fate require further elucidation. Larger randomized trials are also necessary to demonstrate the continued safety of transplanted stem cells as well as the efficacy of cellular therapies in comparison to the current standards of care.
Latent Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 Functionalised Electrospun Scaffolds Promote Human Cartilage Differentiation: Towards an Engineered Cartilage Construct
Authors: Lim Erh-Hsuin , Sardinha Jose Paulo , Myers Simon , Stevens Molly 
Published: November 2013

Background To overcome the potential drawbacks of a short half-life and dose-related adverse effects of using active transforming growth factor-beta 1 for cartilage engineering, a cell-mediated latent growth factor activation strategy was developed incorporating latent transforming growth factor-β1 (LTGF) into an electrospun poly(L-lactide) scaffold.
Methods The electrospun scaffold was surface modified with NH3 plasma and biofunctionalised with LTGF to produce both random and orientated biofunctionalised electrospun scaffolds. Scaffold surface chemical analysis and growth factor bioavailability assays were performed. In vitro biocompatibility and human nasal chondrocyte gene expression with these biofunctionalised electrospun scaffold templates were assessed. In vivo chondrogenic activity and chondrocyte gene expression were evaluated in athymic rats.
Results Chemical analysis demonstrated that LTGF anchored to the scaffolds was available for enzymatic, chemical and cell activation. The biofunctionalised scaffolds were non-toxic. Gene expression suggested chondrocyte re-differentiation after 14 days in culture. By 6 weeks, the implanted biofunctionalised scaffolds had induced highly passaged chondrocytes to re-express Col2A1 and produce type II collagen.
Conclusions We have demonstrated a proof of concept for cell-mediated activation of anchored growth factors using a novel biofunctionalised scaffold in cartilage engineering. This presents a platform for development of protein delivery systems and for tissue engineering.
An Analytical Study of Mammalian Bite Wounds Requiring Inpatient Management
Authors: Lee Young-Geun , Jeong Seong-Ho , Kim Woo-Kyung 
Published: November 2013

Background Mammalian bite injuries create a public health problem because of their frequency, potential severity, and increasing number. Some researchers have performed fragmentary analyses of bite wounds caused by certain mammalian species. However, little practical information is available concerning serious mammalian bite wounds that require hospitalization and intensive wound management. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to perform a general review of serious mammalian bite wounds.
Methods We performed a retrospective review of the medical charts of 68 patients who were referred to our plastic surgery department for the treatment of bite wounds between January 2003 and October 2012. The cases were analyzed according to the species, patient demographics, environmental factors, injury characteristics, and clinical course.
Results Among the 68 cases of mammalian bite injury, 58 (85%) were caused by dogs, 8 by humans, and 2 by cats. Most of those bitten by a human and both of those bitten by cats were male. Only one-third of all the patients were children or adolescents. The most frequent site of injury was the face, with 40 cases, followed by the hand, with 16 cases. Of the 68 patients, 7 were treated with secondary intention healing. Sixty-one patients underwent delayed procedures, including delayed direct closure, skin graft, composite graft, and local flap.
Conclusions Based on overall findings from our review of the 68 cases of mammalian bites, we suggest practical guidelines for the management of mammalian bite injuries, which could be useful in the treatment of serious mammalian bite wounds.
Through-and-through Nasal Reconstruction with the Bi-Pedicled Forehead Flap
Authors: Agostini Tommaso , Perello Raffaella , Russo Giulia Lo , Spinelli Giuseppe 
Published: November 2013

Background Nasal reconstruction is one of the most difficult challenges for the head and neck surgeon, especially in the case of complex full thickness defects following malignant skin tumor resection. Full-thickness defects require demanding multi-step reconstruction.
Methods Seven patients underwent surgical reconstruction of full-thickness nasal defects with a bi-pedicled forehead flap shaped appropriately to the defect. Patients were aged between 58 and 86 years, with a mean age of 63.4 years. All of the tumors were excised using traditional surgery, and in 4 of the patients, reconstruction was performed simultaneously following negativity of fresh frozen sections of the margins under general anesthesia.
Results Nasal reconstruction was well accepted by all of the patients suffering non-melanoma skin tumors with acceptable cosmetic outcomes. The heart-shaped forehead flap was harvested in cases of subtotal involvement of the nasal pyramid, while smaller defects were reconstructed with a wing-shaped flap. No cartilaginous or osseous support was necessary.
Conclusions This bi-pedicled forehead flap was a valid, versatile, and easy-to-implement alternative to microsurgery or multi-step reconstruction. The flap is the best indication for full-thickness nasal defects but can also be indicated for other complex facial defects in the orbital (exenteratio orbitae), zygomatic, and cheek area, for which the availability of a flap equipped with two thick and hairless lobes can be a valuable resource.
An improved anonymous multi‐receiver identity‐based encryption scheme
Authors: Zhang Jianhong , Mao Jian 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAnonymous receiver encryption is an important cryptographic primitive. It allows a sender to use the public identities of multiple receivers to encrypt messages so that only the authorized receivers or a privileged set of users can decrypt the messages, and the identities of the receivers are not revealed. Recently, Zhang et al. proposed a novel anonymous multi‐receiver encryption scheme and claimed that their scheme could realize the receiver's identity privacy. Unfortunately, in this paper, we pointed out that the scheme by Zhang et al. did not achieve the anonymity of the receiver identity after analyzing the security of the scheme. At the same time, we give the corresponding attack. After analyzing the reason to produce such attacks, a novel anonymous multi‐receiver encryption scheme is given to achieve the anonymity of the receiver's identities. And we formally prove that the proposed scheme is semantically secure for confidentiality and receiver identities’ anonymity. The security of the scheme is based on decisional bilinear Diffie‐Hellman problem. Compared with the scheme by Zhang et al., Fan et al., Wang et al., and Chien et al., our scheme is shown to be better performance and robust security. To the best of our knowledge, our scheme is most efficient in terms of computational cost and communication overhead. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SIP1 expression patterns in brain investigated by generating a SIP1‐EGFP reporter knock‐in mouse
Authors: Nishizaki Yuriko , Takagi Tsuyoshi , Matsui Fumiko , Higashi Yujiro 
Published: November 2013

SummaryA loss of function of SIP1 (Smad interacting protein 1) in the mouse as well as in human of Mowat–Wilson syndrome results in severe and multiple defects in neural tissue development, especially in the brain. However, no detailed expression analysis of SIP1 during brain development has been previously reported. In this study, we describe the generation of an EGFP knock‐in reporter mouse for the Sip1 locus and our subsequent analysis of SIP1‐EGFP fusion protein expression during brain development. SIP1‐EGFP expression was observed in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, and the postmitotic neurons in the cerebral cortex. In layer 5 of the cerebral cortex, SIP1‐EGFP expression was complementary to the Ctip2‐expressing neurons, most of which are thought to be the cortico‐spinal neurons. This suggested that SIP1‐EGFP expressing cells might have the specific trajectory targets other than the spinal region. We further observed SIP1‐EGFP expression in oligodendrocytes of the corpus callosum and fimbria, Bergmann glial cells of the cerebellum, the olfactory bulb, and in the serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons of the raphe nuclei in the brainstem. These findings may help to clarify the unknown roles of SIP1 in these cells and the pathoetiology of Mowat‐Wilson syndrome. genesis 52:56–67, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incest versus abstinence: reproductive trade‐offs between mate limitation and progeny fitness in a self‐incompatible invasive plant
Authors: Pierson Jennifer C. , Swain Stephen M. , Young Andrew G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPlant mating systems represent an evolutionary and ecological trade‐off between reproductive assurance through selfing and maximizing progeny fitness through outbreeding. However, many plants with sporophytic self‐incompatibility systems exhibit dominance interactions at the S‐locus that allow biparental inbreeding, thereby facilitating mating between individuals that share alleles at the S‐locus. We investigated this trade‐off by estimating mate availability and biparental inbreeding depression in wild radish from five different populations across Australia. We found dominance interactions among S‐alleles increased mate availability relative to estimates based on individuals that did not share S‐alleles. Twelve of the sixteen fitness variables were significantly reduced by inbreeding. For all the three life‐history phases evaluated, self‐fertilized offspring suffered a greater than 50% reduction in fitness, while full‐sib and half‐sib offspring suffered a less than 50% reduction in fitness. Theory indicates that fitness costs greater than 50% can result in an evolutionary trajectory toward a stable state of self‐incompatibility (SI). This study suggests that dominance interactions at the S‐locus provide a possible third stable state between SI and SC where biparental inbreeding increases mate availability with relatively minor fitness costs. This strategy allows weeds to establish in new environments while maintaining a functional SI system.