bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and characterization of VCSELs applying quantum well intermixing using spin‐on‐glass
Authors: Akutsu Tomohiro , Ushio Takuya , Matsutani Akihiro , Miyamoto Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe applicability of the quantum well intermixing using a spin‐on‐glass (SOG) to the fabrication process of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) was investigated to control the carrier confinement in the active layer. The intermixing by using the non‐doped SOG showed a large emission energy shift. The SOG coating of the mesa side‐wall of the VCSEL and following heat‐treatment are simple processes that can add to the conventional one. The fabricated VCSELs with a 30 μm‐square mesa showed lasing operation, and therefore the technique can be applicable as the VCSEL process for improving the performance of the small mesa devices. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Composition control of quinary GaInNAsSb alloy grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Miyashita Naoya , Ahsan Nazmul , Islam Muhammad Monirul , Okada Yoshitaka 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn order to precisely control the composition of quinary GaInNAsSb alloy, we investigated the incorporation behavior of constituent atoms during atomic hydrogen‐assisted molecular beam epitaxial growth. The nitrogen (N) composition, in comparison of GaNAs and GaNAsSb, increased by the supply of antimony (Sb). However, addition of indium (In) decreases the N composition during Sb mediated growth of GaInNAsSb, which enables obtaining the same N composition when an adequate In composition is chosen. It was revealed that Sb incorporation was increased when (i) In composition decreased, (ii) Sb flux increased, (iii) growth temperature decreased, and (iv) growth rate increased. These results are thought to be related to the effect of competitive role among strain, coverage, desorption, and segregation. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spherical gradient operator
Authors: Li Shigang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a spherical gradient operator is proposed that computes the gradient from a discrete spherical image with irregular pixels. In contrast to the conventional methods which approximate spherical pixels as regular hexagons, the proposed method can cope with irregular pixels and compute the gradient vector relative to the camera coordinate system directly. We also show that the conventional Sobel operator can be treated as a special case of the proposed approach. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Power analysis for asynchronous network‐on‐chip
Authors: Abd El Ghany Mohamed A. , Reehal Gursharan , Ismail Mohammed 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn asynchronous architecture is proposed to achieve a low‐power network‐on‐chip (NoC). The area of the asynchronous switch is increased by 25% as compared to the synchronous switch. However, the power dissipation of the asynchronous architecture could be decreased by up to 55%. Even though clock gating is used, the asynchronous design achieves significant power reduction of 28%. The total metal resource required to implement the asynchronous design is decreased by up to 12%. As technology advances and network density increases, the reduction in power dissipation reaches 22% for 256 IPs with the same chip size. The asynchronous butterfly fat tree (BFT) architecture dissipates the minimum power as compared to other NoC topologies. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rat lung response to ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures
Authors: Wang Guanghe , Zhao Jinzhuo , Jiang Rongfang , Song Weimin 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTExposure to different ambient pollutants maybe more toxic to lung than exposure to a single pollutant. In this study, we discussed the inflammation and oxidative stress responses of rat lung caused by ozone and PM2.5 versus that of rats exposed to saline, ozone, or single PM2.5. Wistar rats inhaled 0.8 ppm ozone or air for 4 h and then placed in air for 3 h following intratracheal instillation with 0, 0.2 (low dose), 0.8 (medium dose), 3.2 (high dose) mg/rat PM2.5 dissolved in sterile saline (0.25 mL/rat), repeated twice per week for 3 weeks, the cumulative doses of PM2.5 in animals were 1.2, 4.8, and 19.2 mg. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last (sixth) exposure. The collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for inflammatory cells and cytokines. Lung tissues were processed for light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examinations. Results showed that total cell number in BALF of PM2.5‐exposed groups were higher than control (p < 0.05). PM2.5 instillation caused dose‐trend increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6, lactate dehydrogenase, and total protein of BALF. Exposure to ozone alone only caused TNF‐α significant change in above‐mentioned indicators of lung injury. On the other hand, ozone could enhance PM2.5‐induced inflammatory changes and pathological characters in rat lungs. SOD and GSH‐Px activities in lung were reduced in PM2.5‐exposed rats with and without prior ozone exposure compared to control. To determine whether the PM2.5 and ozone affect endothelium system, iNOS, eNOS, and ICAM‐1 mRNA levels in lung were analyzed by real‐time PCR. These data demonstrated that inflammation and oxidative stress were involved in toxicology mechanisms of PM2.5 in rat lung and ozone potentiated these effects induced by PM2.5. These results have implications for understanding the pulmonary effects induced by ozone and PM2.5. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 343–356, 2015.
Perceptions and communication strategies for the many uncertainties relevant for climate policy
Authors: Patt Anthony G. , Weber Elke U. 
Published: October 2013

Public opinion polls reveal that the perception of climate change as an uncertain phenomenon is increasing, even as consensus has increased within the scientific community of its reality and its attribution to human causes. At the same time, the scientific community has sought to improve its communication practices, in order to present a more accurate picture to the public and policy makers of the state of scientific knowledge about climate change. In this review article, we examine two sets of insights that could influence the success of such communication efforts. The first set questions which uncertainties matter for effective climate policy. While the literature has focused disproportionately on uncertainties with respect to the climate system, we draw attention here to uncertainties associated with the solution space. The second set examines which factors lead people to take slow and deliberated decisions versus quick and spontaneous ones, and looks at the results of these two systems of thought on climate change action. From the review of these two sets of literature, we propose a new hypothesis: that the gap between public and scientific attitudes toward climate change will narrow not because of greater attention to and communication of climate system risks and uncertainties, but rather out of growing experience with the policies and technological systems needed to address the problem.WIREs Clim Change2014, 5:219–232. doi: 10.1002/wcc.259This article is categorized under:Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Novel Functionalized Lithium Silylamides R(4–n)Si(N(Li)CH2CH2NR'2)n (R = Me, Ph, R' = Me, iPr; n = 2, 3)
Authors: Lechner Bob‐Dan , Hahn Sven , Wagner Christoph , Merzweiler Kurt 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe difunctional aminosilanes Ph2Si(NHCH2CH2NMe2)2 (1), Me2Si(NHCH2CH2NiPr2)2 (2) and Ph2Si(NHCH2CH2NiPr2)2 (3) were prepared by aminolysis of the chlorosilanes R2SiCl2 (R = Ph, Me) and the corresponding ethylenediamine derivatives H2NCH2CH2NR'2 (R' = Me, iPr). The trifunctional aminosilane MeSi(NHCH2CH2NiPr2)3 (4) was synthesized from MeSiCl3 and H2NCH2CH2NiPr2 in the presence of triethylamine as auxiliary base. Compounds 1–4 were obtained as pale yellow viscous oils that have been characterized by 1H, 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Treatment of the aminosilanes 1–3 with two equivalents and 4 with three equivalents of nBuLi in hexane led to the corresponding lithium salts, which were recrystallized from n‐hexane at –25 °C. The crystal structure analysis of Ph2Si(N(Li)CH2CH2NMe2)2 (5) and Me2Si(N(Li)CH2CH2NiPr2)2 (6) revealed dimeric molecules which contain a central Li4N4 heterocubane core. Additionally, the lithium atoms are coordinated intramolecularly by NR2 donor groups. For Ph2Si(N(Li)CH2CH2NiPr2)2 (7) dimers with Si2N4Li4 adamantane core were observed. MeSi(N(Li)CH2CH2NiPr2)3 (8) displays dimers with a rhombododecahedral Si2N6Li6 core. Like in compounds 5–7 the cluster structure is supported by intramolecular coordination of the NiPr2 donor group.
Iron(II), Cobalt(II), and Nickel(II) Complexes of a Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene
Authors: Pelties Stefan , Wolf Robert 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Reactions of a sterically demanding cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) with FeCl2(thf)1.5, CoBr2, and NiBr2(dme) afforded the complexes [FeCl(μ‐Cl)(CAAC)]2 (1), [CoBr(μ‐Br)(CAAC)]2 (2), and [NiBr(μ‐Br)(CAAC)]2 (3) in moderate yields. Compounds 1–3 were characterized by X‐ray crystallography, 1H NMR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Dimeric, halide‐bridged structures were observed in the solid state, in which the metal atoms are coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral fashion by the CAAC and three halide ligands. The solution magnetic moments in THF and dichloromethane indicate a high‐spin electronic configuration.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding of a Chloride Acceptor Supported by a Dinuclear Nickel(II) Complex with N‐Salicylidene Hydrazide Ligand: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Burkhardt Anja , Buchholz Axel , Görls Helmar , Plass Winfried 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe dinuclear phenoxido‐bridged nickel(II) complex [{Ni(Hsalhyph)Cl(H2O)}2] with the hydrazone ligand H2salhyph, derived from salicylaldehyde and benzoic acid hydrazide, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The dinuclear Ni2O2 core unit of the complex facilitates the formation of intramolecular O–H···Cl hydrogen bonds. The chlorido ligand is involved in additional N–H···Cl hydrogen bonding leading to an aggregation of the dinuclear complexes forming one‐dimensional staged chains. Within the chains the supramolecular structure is governed by hydrogen bonding and π–π‐stacking interactions. In the crystal structure two additional DMF molecules of crystallization are present per dinuclear complex. The DMF molecules are located between the chains and involved in O–H···O=C hydrogen bonding with the aqua ligands of the dinickel core. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show the presence of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions (H = –JS1S2) with J = –14.8 cm–1 between the nickel(II) ions and indicate a zero‐field‐splitting of D = 12.6 cm–1.
Understanding WHO Surgical Checklist Implementation: Tricks and Pitfalls. An Observational Study
Authors: Saturno Pedro J. , Soria‐Aledo Víctor , Da Silva Gama Zenewton A. , Lorca‐Parra Felipe , Grau‐Polan Marina 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to assess the reliability of implementation data regarding the surgical safety checklist (SSC) and to identify which factors influence actual implementation.MethodsThe study was a retrospective record‐based evaluation in a regional network of nine Spanish hospitals, combined with a complementary direct‐observation study that included a survey of the surgical teams’ attitudes. SSC compliance and associated factors were assessed and compared in a retrospective sample of 280 operations and a concurrent sample of another 85 surgical interventions.ResultsIn the retrospective evaluation the SSC was present in 83.1 % of cases, fully completed in 28.4 %, with 69.3 % of all possible items checked. The concurrent direct‐observation study showed that recorded compliance was unreliable (κ < 0.13 for all items) and significantly higher (p < 0.001) than actual compliance. Over‐registration occurred across hospitals and surgical specialties. Factors associated with recorded compliance included hospital size, surgical specialty, and the use of an electronic format. In actual (direct‐observation) compliance, a positive attitude on the part of the surgeon is an overriding significant factor (OR 12.8), along with using the electronic format, which is consistently and positively associated with recorded compliance but negatively related to actual compliance.ConclusionsRecorded SSC compliance may be widely unreliable and higher than actual compliance, particularly when recording is facilitated by using an electronic format. A positive attitude on the part of the surgical team, particularly surgeons, is associated with actual compliance. Effective use of the SSC is a far more complex adaptive process than the usual mandatory strategy.
Small Bowel Obstruction in Patients with a Prior History of Cancer: Predictive Findings of Malignant Origins
Authors: Prost à la Denise J. , Douard R. , Malamut G. , Mecheri F. , Wind P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundDetermining the cause of acute small bowel obstruction (SBO) in patients previously treated for cancer is necessary for adequate management, especially to avoid incorrectly classing the patient as palliative. We aimed to identify predictive factors for a malignant or a benign origin of SBO.MethodsWe retrospectively studied data for all patients with a prior history of cancer who had undergone operations for SBO between January 2002 and December 2011. Of the 124 patients included, 36 patients had a known cancer recurrence before surgery for SBO, whereas 88 had none.ResultsCauses of SBO were benign (post‐operative adhesions, post‐irradiation strictures) in 68 patients (54.8 %) and malignant in 56 (45.2 %). Incomplete obstruction, acute clinical onset, non‐permanent abdominal pain, a shorter period between primary cancer surgery and the first episode of obstruction, and a known cancer recurrence were significant predictors of a malignant SBO. Benign causes of SBO were observed in 72.8 % of patients who had no known cancer recurrence, but were observed in only 11.1 % of patients whose recurrences were known. In patients with cancer recurrence‐related SBO, post‐operative mortality was 28.6 %, with a median overall survival of 120 days. 1 month after surgery, 38 (67.8 %) of these patients tolerated oral intake.ConclusionA benign cause of SBO was observed in half of the patients with a prior history of cancer and in two‐thirds of those without known recurrence. Even in the absence of bowel strangulation, surgery must be considered soon after failure of medical management to treat a possible adhesion‐related SBO.
Lessons learned from the transformation of natural product discovery to a genome-driven endeavor
Authors: Deane Caitlin D , Mitchell Douglas A 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Natural product discovery is currently undergoing a transformation from a phenotype-driven field to a genotype-driven one. The increasing availability of genome sequences, coupled with improved techniques for identifying biosynthetic gene clusters, has revealed that secondary metabolomes are strikingly vaster than previously thought. New approaches to correlate biosynthetic gene clusters with the compounds they produce have facilitated the production and isolation of a rapidly growing collection of what we refer to as “reverse-discovered” natural products, in analogy to reverse genetics. In this review, we present an extensive list of reverse-discovered natural products and discuss seven important lessons for natural product discovery by genome-guided methods: structure prediction, accurate annotation, continued study of model organisms, avoiding genome-size bias, genetic manipulation, heterologous expression, and potential engineering of natural product analogs.
Ancient landslide-dam events in the Jishi Gorge, upper Yellow River valley, China
Authors: Dong Guanghui , Zhang Fanyu , Ma Minmin , Fan Yuxin , Zhang Jiawu , Wang Zongli , Chen Fahu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSome scholars have argued that the formation and outburst of an ancient dammed lake in the Jishi Gorge at ca. 3700 cal yr BP resulted in the destruction of Lajia, the site of a famous prehistoric disaster in the Guanting Basin, upper Yellow River valley, China. However, the cause of the dammed lake and the exact age of the dam breaching are still debated. We investigated ancient landslides and evidence for the dammed lake in the Jishi Gorge, including dating of soil from the shear zone of an ancient landslide, sediments of the ancient dammed lake, and loess above lacustrine sediments using radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating methods. Six radiocarbon dates and two OSL dates suggested that the ancient landslides and dammed lake events in the Jishi Gorge probably occurred around 8100 cal yr BP, and the ancient dammed lake was breached between 6780 cal yr BP and 5750 cal yr BP. Hence, the outburst of the ancient dammed lake in the Jishi Gorge was unrelated to the ruin of the Lajia site, but likely resulted in flood disasters in the Guanting Basin around 6500 cal yr BP.
STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR OPEN BONUS MALUS
Authors: Guerreiro Gracinda Rita , Mexia João Tiago , de Fátima Miguens Maria 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper, following an open portfolio approach, we show how to estimate a Bonus-malus system evolution.Considering a model for the number of new annual policies, we obtain ML estimators, asymptotic distributions and confidence regions for the expected number of new policies entering the portfolio in each year, as well as for the expected number and proportion of insureds in each bonus class, by year of enrollment. Confidence regions for the distribution of policyholders result in confidence regions for optimal bonus scales.Our treatment is illustrated by an example with numerical results.
Was Weber a Methodological Weberian?
Authors: Runciman W.G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe recent publication of the entirety of Max Weber’s methodological writings in an English translation by Bruun and Whimster offers an opportunity to reassess the question how far he himself consistently adhered to his own precepts about Wertfreiheit and the construction and deployment of ideal types. It is argued that Weber himself saw the problem not as a logical but as a purely psychological one, and that he could therefore justify the apparent contradictions between his precepts and his practice as either deliberate exercises in something other than Wissenschaft or, in his wissenschaftlich writings, as lapses capable in principle of correction. In conclusion, it is briefly suggested that Weber would regard the major advances made in the human behavioural sciences since his lifetime as generally consistent with his own methodology.
Critical Naïveté?
Authors: LeQuire Peter Brickey , Silver Daniel 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBetween 1940 and 1944, sociologist Talcott Parsons and political scientist Eric Voegelin engaged in a vigorous correspondence, discussing the origins of totalitarianism and modern anti-Semitism, the legacy of Max Weber, patterns of secularization set in motion by the Protestant Reformation, the methodology and goals of social science, and more. This article introduces and explicates the surprisingly amicable and intellectually rich exchange between these two seemingly different thinkers. Although the letters hold obvious historical interest, their variegated topics are also closely thematically related, revealing an inner logic that we interpret as a theoretical search for “critical naïveté”. This logic, we argue, is relevant to contemporary discussions about the social, political, and scientific legacies of world-transcendent spiritual traditions.
One-dimensional macro-scale matter wave dynamics potentially embedded in the Lorentz trajectory
Authors: VARMA RAM K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe point the rather unusual existence of a potential embedding in the Lorentz trajectory – charged particle trajectory in a magnetic field – of a one-dimensional matter wave dynamics on the macro-scale as demonstrated through one-dimensional matter wave interference effects on the macro-scale, as well as the observation of a curl-free vector potential in one dimension, also on the macro-scale. Such an embedding is a manifestation of the generation of the quantum modulation of the de Broglie wave of the particle along the magnetic field, arising concomitantly, with a scattering-induced transition across Landau levels in consequence of quantum entanglement between the parallel and perpendicular degrees of freedom.
How to quantify solid–liquid phase transition: Lennard–Jones system case study
Authors: KLUMOV BORIS A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper we analyzed different measures, characterizing the melting of Lennard–Jones solid, and associated with the properties of both the translational and the orientational local order. It has been shown that the most sensitive indicator of melting is the cumulant of the probability distribution function over w6 bond-order parameter. The criterion of melting based on the indicator is proposed; the criterion can be used for any solids, having fcc/hcp types of symmetry.
New insights on the Golgi complex ofTritrichomonas foetus
Authors: De ANDRADE ROSA IVONE , CARUSO MARJOLLY BRIGIDO , RODRIGUES SILAS PESSINI , GERALDO REINALDO BARROS , KIST LUIZA WILGES , BOGO MAURICIO REIS , GONZAGA LUIZ , DE VASCONCELOS ANA TEREZA R , MORGADO-DÍAZ JOSE ANDRES , ZINGALI RUSSOLINA BENEDETA , BENCHIMOL MARLENE 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYTritrichomonas foetusis a protist that causes bovine trichomoniasis and presents a well-developed Golgi. There are very few studies concerning the Golgi in trichomonads. In this work, monoclonal antibodies were raised against Golgi ofT. foetusand used as a tool on morphologic and biochemical studies of this organelle. Among the antibodies produced, one was named mAb anti-Golgi 20.3, which recognized specifically the Golgi complex by fluorescence and electron microscopy. By immunoblotting this antibody recognized two proteins with 60 and 66 kDa that were identified as putative beta-tubulin and adenosine triphosphatase, respectively. The mAb 20.3 also recognized the Golgi complex of theTrichomonas vaginalis, a human parasite. In addition, the nucleotide coding sequences of these proteins were identified and included in theT. foetusdatabase, and the 3D structure of the proteins was predicted. In conclusion, this study indicated: (1) adenosine triphosphatase is present in the Golgi, (2) ATPase is conserved betweenT. foetusandT. vaginalis, (3) there is new information concerning the nucleic acid sequences and protein structures of adenosine triphosphatase and beta-tubulin fromT. foetusand (4) the mAb anti-Golgi 20.3 is a good Golgi marker and can be used in future studies.