bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of super commuting graphs of some finite groups
Authors: Dalal Sandeep , Mukherjee Sanjay , Patra Kamal Lochan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLet$$\Gamma $$Γbe a simple finite graph with vertex set$$V(\Gamma )$$V(Γ)and edge set$$E(\Gamma )$$E(Γ). Let$$\mathcal {R}$$Rbe an equivalence relation on$$V(\Gamma )$$V(Γ). The$$\mathcal {R}$$R-super$$\Gamma $$Γgraph$$\Gamma ^{\mathcal {R}}$$ΓRis a simple graph with vertex set$$V(\Gamma )$$V(Γ)and two distinct vertices are adjacent if either they are in the same$$\mathcal {R}$$R-equivalence class or there are elements in their respective$$\mathcal {R}$$R-equivalence classes that are adjacent in the original graph$$\Gamma $$Γ. We first show that$$\Gamma ^{\mathcal {R}}$$ΓRis a generalized join of some complete graphs and using this we obtain the adjacency and Laplacian spectrum of conjugacy super commuting graphs and order super commuting graphs of dihedral group$$D_{2n}\; (n\ge 3)$$D2n(n≥3), generalized quaternion group$$Q_{4m} \;(m\ge 2)$$Q4m(m≥2)and the nonabelian group$$\mathbb {Z}_p \rtimes \mathbb {Z}_q$$Zp⋊Zqof orderpq, wherepandqare distinct primes with$$q|(p-1)$$q|(p-1).
Determinants of adoption of urban agriculture (UA) as climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices and its impact on food security: evidence from Wolaita Sodo city, South Ethiopia
Authors: Masha Mamush , Bojago Elias , Ngare Innocent 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Climate change is one of humanity's biggest problems. CSA offers a once-in-a-lifetime chance to adapt to global climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. UA can improve food security by providing affordable, nutritious alternatives to commercially produced food, especially for economically disadvantaged people. This study examined the factors influencing the adoption of UA as CSA practices, as well as their effects on food security in Wolaita Sodo City, South Ethiopia.

Methods
Data was collected from primary and secondary sources, both qualitative and quantitative form. A structured and semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 384 randomly chosen urban households through surveys/interviews, focus group conversations, and observation. The percentage and mean differences between UA adopters and non-adopters were calculated using the chi-square test and t-test. A propensity score matching (PSM) model assessed UA's impact on food security. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine factors influencing adoption of UA as CSA practice in the study area.

Results
The descriptive analysis showed that 53.53% of respondents used UA. Statistics showed the existence of a significant mean differences between adopters and non-adopters in employment level, UA attitudes, and household size. Logit model computations showed that family size, home ownership, the household head's occupation, perceptions of UA, market demand, and access to training and support influenced UA adoption as a climate-smart farming practice.

Conclusions
As per the study's findings, there could be a correlation between specific factors and the adoption of UA as CSA in the studied area. The PSM study confirmed that UA deployment significantly improves food security. UA adoption increased food security by 0.685-fold. The report recommends that municipal education offices, UA offices, and cooperative offices create an integrated functional adult education programme for urbanites. Since UA is vital to fighting food insecurity, it suggests increasing support for cooperative entities.
Defining “success” in large-scale agricultural investment: a typology based on different stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Cochrane Logan , ElAlfy Amr , Azadi Hossein , Dejene Melisew 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn 2007/2008, a triple crisis of food, fuel and finance sparked a global rush for agricultural land; tens of millions of hectares were acquired, primarily by foreign investors, within countries in the Global South. Amidst those transactions, intergovernmental organizations, national governments, investors, and community members envisioned what “success” of such investments entails. Although not explicitly defined, each stakeholder had different conceptualizations and measures of it, based upon the descriptions used and desired outcomes sought. Despite a large amount of literature analyzing the global rush for land, as far as we are aware no one has analyzed the diverse viewpoints about what success entails. This paper compares conceptualizations among four key stakeholder groups, based on ideal types from dominant narratives, and develops a typology of ideal stakeholder framing of success to allow comparisons of uses and thereby provide a foundation for researchers who are assessing the global land rush. This paper provides clarity about widely used, but inconsistently defined, framing providing an important foundation for clarity of meaning and comparative differences between stakeholders. The typology advances the discourse on the land rush by providing nuance to this widely used framing and makes explicit its diverse meanings.
Enhancing Intercultural Business English Communication Factors Evaluation System Using the Termite Life Cycle Optimization Algorithm and Dynamically Stabilized Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Yandong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn today's globalized business environment, effective intercultural communication in English is paramount for successful collaboration among professionals from diverse backgrounds. To enhance the accuracy of the evaluation system, enhancing intercultural business English communication factors evaluation system using the termite life cycle optimization algorithm and dynamically stabilized recurrent neural network (IBEC–DSRNN–TLCOA) is proposed in this manuscript. The input image is captured from mobile camera. Then the input images are preprocessed using intelligent weight decreasing firefly–particle filtering (IWDFPF) to remove noise and enhance the input images. Afterwards, the preprocessed image is fed to the entropy-founded spatial fuzzy C-means clustering approach for segmenting the image. Then the contrast, correlation, energy and homogeneousness features are extracted by using force-invariant improved feature extraction technique. The extracted features are given to dynamically stabilized recurrent neural network (DSRNN) to image target detection and English description generation. Termite life cycle optimization algorithm (TLCOA) is employed to enhance the weight parameters of DSRNN. The proposed IBEC–DSRNN–TLCOA method is implemented. The proposed IBEC–DSRNN–TLCOA method provides 32.53%, 31.86%, and 35.72% higher accuracy; 35.58%, 32.16%, and 37.72% higher F-measure when compared with the existing methods, such as exploration of intelligent translation with evaluation systems for business English (IBEC–RCNN), E-learning engagement with convolution neural networks on business education (IBEC–CNN), and deep neural network-based research on scoring business English oral training (IBEC–DNN), respectively.
Reconfigurable and versatile augmented reality optical setup for tangible experimentations
Authors: Bousquet Bruno , Hachet Martin , Casamayou Vincent , Normand Erwan , Guillet Jean-Paul , Canioni Lionel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHOBIT, which stands for "Hybrid Optical Bench for Innovative Teaching and learning" is an educational platform that leverages the combination of numerical simulation and physical manipulation to facilitate learning of complex phenomena and motivate users about wave optics in practical work. HOBIT operates in real time and is self-adaptive, providing realistic displays of optical phenomena with virtual augmentations designed to facilitate their understanding. HOBIT makes it quick and easy to build any reconfigurable optical experiment. Students can manipulate optical components and observe the changes induced on detectors and displays. We detail the technology, the simulation model and the initial teaching aids. Current and future enhancements should meet the needs of students at different levels, from high school to higher education degrees.
Freshwater Biogeochemical Hotspots: High Primary Production and Ecosystem Respiration in Shallow Waterbodies
Authors: Rabaey Joseph S. , Holgerson Meredith A. , Richardson David C. , Andersen Mikkel R. , Bansal Sheel , Bortolotti Lauren E. , Cotner James B. , Hornbach Daniel J. , Martinsen Kenneth T. , Moody Eric K. , Schloegel Olivia F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPonds, wetlands, and shallow lakes (collectively “shallow waterbodies”) are among the most biogeochemically active freshwater ecosystems. Measurements of gross primary production (GPP), respiration (R), and net ecosystem production (NEP) are rare in shallow waterbodies compared to larger and deeper lakes, which can bias our understanding of lentic ecosystem processes. In this study, we calculated GPP, R, and NEP in 26 small, shallow waterbodies across temperate North America and Europe. We observed high rates of GPP (mean 8.4 g O2 m−3 d−1) and R (mean −9.1 g O2 m−3 d−1), while NEP varied from net heterotrophic to autotrophic. Metabolism rates were affected by depth and aquatic vegetation cover, and the shallowest waterbodies had the highest GPP, R, and the most variable NEP. The shallow waterbodies from this study had considerably higher metabolism rates compared to deeper lakes, stressing the importance of these systems as highly productive biogeochemical hotspots.
The Climatological Perspective of Remote Rainfall Events Triggered by the Northeasterly Wind and the Outer Circulation of Typhoon in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Li‐Huan , Su Shih‐Hao , Tseng Wen‐Wei , Chu Jung‐Lien , Su Jau‐Lang , Lin Lee‐Yaw 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe climate characteristics of remote rainfall events in Taiwan from September to February over 41 years (1980–2020) are studied. These events are induced by the interaction between the northeasterly flow and the typhoon's outer circulation. Our findings reveal that rainfall in northeastern Taiwan becomes more prominent when tropical cyclones move to the remote rainfall‐prone area, located in the north Philippine area to the northern South China Sea, and when the background northeasterly wind speed exceeds 7 m s−1. Under these criteria, the confluence of the typhoon's outer circulation and the northeasterly flow creates a convergence area that enhances rainfall in northeastern Taiwan, increasing the occurrence of moderate to extreme rainfall (ER) events. This leads to an average enhancement in rainfall amount of 80–220 mm per day. Additionally, when typhoons are in the remote rainfall‐prone area, there is a greater than 20% chance for events with maximum rainfall over 200 mm day−1 to occur, particularly in the region of 20°–22°N, 116°−124°E, and north to Luzon Island. In this area, the occurrence rate can exceed more than a 45% chance. The highest risk of ER events occurs between 20°–22°N and 118°−120°E, with a probability of over 90%. Notably, the convergence area for the Taiwan cases does not necessarily coincide with the baroclinic forcing as that associated with remote rainfall events observed in Japan, Korea, and North America.
Mechanical properties of rubble pile asteroids (Dimorphos, Itokawa, Ryugu, and Bennu) through surface boulder morphological analysis
Authors: Robin Colas Q. , Duchene Alexia , Murdoch Naomi , Vincent Jean-Baptiste , Lucchetti Alice , Pajola Maurizio , Ernst Carolyn M. , Daly R. Terik , Barnouin Olivier S. , Raducan Sabina D. , Michel Patrick , Hirabayashi Masatochi , Stott Alexander , Cuervo Gabriela , Jawin Erica R. , Trigo-Rodriguez Josep M. , Parro Laura M. , Sunday Cecily , Vivet Damien , Mimoun David , Rivkin Andrew S. , Chabot Nancy L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlanetary defense efforts rely on estimates of the mechanical properties of asteroids, which are difficult to constrain accurately from Earth. The mechanical properties of asteroid material are also important in the interpretation of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) impact. Here we perform a detailed morphological analysis of the surface boulders on Dimorphos using images, the primary data set available from the DART mission. We estimate the bulk angle of internal friction of the boulders to be 32.7 ± 2. 5° from our measurements of the roundness of the 34 best-resolved boulders ranging in size from 1.67–6.64 m. The elongated nature of the boulders around the DART impact site implies that they were likely formed through impact processing. Finally, we find striking similarities in the morphology of the boulders on Dimorphos with those on other rubble pile asteroids (Itokawa, Ryugu and Bennu). This leads to very similar internal friction angles across the four bodies and suggests that a common formation mechanism has shaped the boulders. Our results provide key inputs for understanding the DART impact and for improving our knowledge about the physical properties, the formation and the evolution of both near-Earth rubble-pile and binary asteroids.
Coupling sensor to enzyme in the voltage sensing phosphatase
Authors: Yu Yawei , Zhang Lin , Li Baobin , Fu Zhu , Brohawn Stephen G. , Isacoff Ehud Y. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVoltage-sensing phosphatases (VSPs) dephosphorylate phosphoinositide (PIP) signaling lipids in response to membrane depolarization. VSPs possess an S4-containing voltage sensor domain (VSD), resembling that of voltage-gated cation channels, and a lipid phosphatase domain (PD). The mechanism by which voltage turns on enzyme activity is unclear. Structural analysis and modeling suggest several sites of VSD-PD interaction that could couple voltage sensing to catalysis. Voltage clamp fluorometry reveals voltage-driven rearrangements in three sites implicated earlier in enzyme activation—the VSD-PD linker, gating loop and R loop—as well as the N-terminal domain, which has not yet been explored. N-terminus mutations perturb both rearrangements in the other segments and enzyme activity. Our results provide a model for a dynamic assembly by which S4 controls the catalytic site.
Diagnostic and predictive power of plasma proteins in Alzheimer's disease: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in China
Authors: Li Wei , Sun Lin , Yue Ling , Xiao Shifu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConvenient and effective biomarkers are essential for the early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the cross-sectional study, 103 patients with AD, 82 patients with aMCI and 508 normal controls (NC) were enrolled. The single‐molecule array (Simoa) technique was used to assess the levels of plasma proteins, including NfL, T-tau, P-tau-181, Aβ40, Aβ42. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess the overall cognitive function of all subjects. Moreover, Amyloid PET and structural head MRI were also performed in a subset of the population. In the follow-up, the previous 508 normal older adults were followed up for two years, then COX regression analysis was used to investigate the association between baseline plasma proteins and future cognitive outcomes. NfL, T-tau, P-tau-181, Aβ40, Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 were altered in AD dementia, and NfL, Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 significantly outperformed all plasma proteins in differentiating AD dementia from NC, while NfL and Aβ42/40 could effectively distinguish between aMCI and NC. However, only plasma NfL was associated with future cognitive decline, and it was negatively correlated with MoCA (r = − 0.298, p < 0.001) and the volume of the left globus pallidus (r = − 0.278, p = 0.033). Plasma NfL can help distinguish between cognitively normal and cognitively impaired individuals (MCI/dementia) at the syndrome level. However, since we have not introduced other biomarkers for AD, such as PET CT or cerebrospinal fluid, and have not verified in other neurodegenerative diseases, whether plasma NFL can be used as a biomarker for AD needs to be further studied and explored.
Cloud‐mediated self‐triggered synchronisation of a general linear multi‐agent system over a directed graph
Authors: Namba Takumi , Takaba Kiyotsugu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe authors propose a self‐triggered synchronisation control method of a general high‐order linear time‐invariant multi‐agent system through a cloud repository. In the cloud‐mediated self‐triggered control, each agent asynchronously accesses the cloud repository to obtain past information about its neighbouring agents. Then, the agent predicts future behaviours of its neighbours as well as of its own and locally determines its next access time to the cloud repository. In the case of a general high‐order linear agent dynamics, each agent has to estimate exponential evolution of its trajectory characterised by eigenvalues of a system matrix, which is different from single/double integrator or first‐order linear agents. The authors’ proposed method deals with exponential behaviours of the agents by tightly evaluating the bounds on matrix exponentials. Based on these bounds, the authors design the self‐triggered controller through a cloud that achieves the bounded state synchronization of the closed‐loop system without exhibiting any Zeno behaviours. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through the numerical simulation.
An enhanced 13‐level triple voltage gain switched capacitor inverter with lower power electronics devices
Authors: Derakhshandeh Masoumeh , Hosseinpour Majid , Seifi Ali , Shahparasti Mahdi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, a 13‐level switched‐capacitor inverter with triple voltage gain is proposed. The proposed structure generates 13‐level output voltage using only one DC source, eleven switches, and three capacitors. The capacitors have the capability of self‐balancing without the use of additional circuits or complex control methods. Additionally, the inrush current of the capacitors has been reduced using a soft charging method. The proposed structure has been compared with different 13‐level structures presented in recent studies in terms of various parameters such as the number of semiconductor devices, the number of DC sources, voltage gain, Maximum Blocking Voltage (MBV), and Total standing Voltage (TSV). Another advantage of the proposed structure is the non‐use of any diode and its cost‐effectiveness. In addition, the power losses of the proposed structure have been evaluated, and its efficiency has been calculated for various output powers. Finally, the performance of the proposed structure has been verified through simulation and laboratory implementation under both stable and various dynamic conditions.
Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes in neurocysticercosis
Authors: Sanchez-Boluarte Sofia S. , Barrientos-Iman Danny M. , Ramirez-Quiñones Jorge , Bustos Javier , Ecos Rosa , Gonzales Isidro , Saavedra Herbert , Garcia Hector H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Arteritis is a complication of neurocysticercosis (NCC), which is not well known and could trigger strokes. The transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) is a noninvasive method for detecting, staging, and monitoring cerebrovascular diseases. Nonetheless, the utility of TCD to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes, suggesting vasculitis associated with NCC remains uncertain.
Objective To evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes using TCD in patients with subarachnoid and parenchymal NCC.
Methods There were 53 patients with NCC evaluated at a reference hospital for neurological diseases included (29 with subarachnoid and 24 with parenchymal). Participants underwent a clinical interview and serology for cysticercosis and underwent TCD performed within 2 weeks of enrollment. Mean flow velocity, peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and pulsatility index were recorded.
Results Among the participants, there were 23 (43.4%) women, with a median age of 37 years (IQR: 29–48). Cerebral hemodynamic changes suggesting vasculitis were detected in 12 patients (22.64%); the most compromised vessel was the middle cerebral artery in 11 (91.67%) patients. There were more females in the group with sonographic signs of vasculitis (10/12, 83.33% vs. 13/41, 31.71%; p = 0.002), and this was more frequent in the subarachnoid NCC group (9/29, 31.03% vs. 3/24, 12.5%; p = 0.187), although this difference did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusion Cerebral hemodynamic changes suggestive of vasculitis are frequent in patients with NCC and can be evaluated using TCD.
Ultra-high frequency repetitive TMS at subthreshold intensity induces suprathreshold motor response via temporal summation
Authors: Nguyen Hieu , Li Charlotte Qiong , Hoffman Samantha , Deng Zhi-De , Yang Yihong , Lu Hanbing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. The transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil induces an electric field that diminishes rapidly upon entering the brain. This presents a challenge in achieving focal stimulation of a deep brain structure. Neuronal elements, including axons, dendrites, and cell bodies, exhibit specific time constants. When exposed to repetitive TMS pulses at a high frequency, there is a cumulative effect on neuronal membrane potentials, resulting in temporal summation. This study aims to determine whether TMS pulse train at high-frequency and subthreshold intensity could induce a suprathreshold response. Approach. As a proof of concept, we developed a TMS machine in-house that could consistently output pulses up to 250 Hz, and performed experiments on 22 awake rats to test whether temporal summation was detectable under pulse trains at 100, 166, or 250 Hz. Main results. Results revealed that TMS pulses at 55% maximum stimulator output (MSO, peak dI/dt = 68.5 A/μs at 100% MSO, pulse width = 48 μs) did not induce motor responses with either single pulses or pulse trains. Similarly, a single TMS pulse at 65% MSO failed to evoke a motor response in rats; however, a train of TMS pulses at frequencies of 166 and 250 Hz, but not at 100 Hz, successfully triggered motor responses and MEP signals, suggesting a temporal summation effect dependent on both pulse intensities and pulse train frequencies. Significance. We propose that the temporal summation effect can be leveraged to design the next-generation focal TMS system: by sequentially driving multiple coils at high-frequency and subthreshold intensity, areas with the most significant overlapping E-fields undergo maximal temporal summation effects, resulting in a suprathreshold response.
Development of high-efficiency X-ray detectors based on 1 mm thick monolithic SDD arrays
Authors: Toscano L.G. , Deda G. , Borghi G. , Carminati M. , Samusenko A. , Vignali M.C. , Demenev E. , Zorzi N. , Iliescu M. , Sgaramella F. , Sirghi F. , Fiorini C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present the novel 2× 4 monolithic Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) array of 1 mm thickness developed within the context of the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment for high-energy X-ray spectroscopy measurements of light kaonic atom transitions. It represents a state-of-the-art advancement in terms of detection efficiency with respect to the previous generation of detectors, having a thickness of 450 μm. The sensor features eight square SDD units with an active area of 8 × 8 mm2 each, arranged in a 2 × 4 matrix. Therefore, the total active area of the array is 32 × 16 mm2 while the total chip area is 36 × 20 mm2, including a 2-mm dead region on each side of the array.
This new version of SDD arrays, manufactured by Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), includes an additional electrode on its entrance window, designed to reduce charge sharing between adjacent channels and improve energy resolution. This article describes two different detection modules based on these arrays: the first module includes a single array, whereas the second one is composed of two 1 mm thick SDD arrays in a stacked configuration, in order to reach 2 mm of effective thickness and further increase the module detection efficiency.
The first spectroscopic measurements obtained with the two modules will be also reported in the paper, showing the spectroscopic improvements that can be obtained with the additional electrode on the window and the efficiency improvements that can be obtained with the stacked module.