bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halitosis and the Tonsils: A Review of Management
Authors: Ferguson Matthew , Aydin Murat , Mickel Joseph 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveHalitosis secondary to pathology of the palatine tonsils is considered airway (type 2) halitosis in the etiologic classification. Reports differ as to the proportion of objective halitosis complaints that have tonsillar etiology, with some giving this figure as 3%. Due to their immunologic role, even healthy tonsils usually possess some subclinical inflammation. The tonsil crypt system is also the most ideal environment for anaerobic bacterial activity in the upper respiratory tract. Tonsillar halitosis is thought to occur mainly because of chronic caseous tonsillitis and tonsillolithiasis (tonsil stones). Tonsillectomy and various cryptolysis techniques are reported to improve halitosis in such cases. In this article, diagnostic methods and evidence for interventions are reviewed.Data SourceMedline search.Review MethodsStudies reporting the efficacy of any intervention (medical or surgical) on tonsillar halitosis were included, whether halitosis was the focus or one of several measures.ConclusionsThere are insufficient high‐quality studies on this topic. Improved methodology, for example, use of control groups and utilization of more accurate halitosis detection/quantification techniques, are required.Implications for PracticeLack of evidence currently prevents firm conclusions, but the following is recommended: (1) Use reliable methods for halitosis diagnosis and confirmation of tonsillar etiology. Initial treatment such as tongue scraping is useful to rule out oral halitosis. (2) Tonsillar procedures are contraindicated in: subjective halitosis, non‐tonsillar etiology, or if medical management resolves halitosis. (3) Where indicated and where facilities permit, less invasive techniques such as laser cryptolysis may be preferable to tonsillectomy in adults, potentially avoiding general anesthetic and the higher risk associated with tonsillectomy in this group.
Critical HRD—A Mithridate?
Authors: Hill Bob 
Published: August 2014

The Problem Current crises such as the global financial meltdown, disparate distribution of income, growing economic inequalities, business and government complicity in favoring an economic elite, war on the middle class, and oppressive market behaviors have been linked to corporate and business practices, with little resistance from the academy, including the field of human resource development (HRD). In fact, HRD has been portrayed by some as collusive. Recent arguments suggest that critical HRD can recalibrate this equation. This article interrogates whether adding criticality to HRD can be an antidote to such complicity, that is, can it be a mithridate? The Solution Rather than baptize HRD in the waters of criticality, where HRD remains the center of gravity with critical theory merely informing it, this article proposes that a transdisciplinary approach has the potential to offer more effective interventions in the current crises. Transdisciplinarity, the space between the disciplines of HRD and critical theory, may open up a unity of knowledge beyond the canonical borders of either field, yielding a new holism with important implications for practice. The Stakeholders HR and OD professionals, adult educators, cultural critics.
Resilience of Dutch probation officers: A critical need for a critical profession
Authors: Vogelvang Bas , Clarke Jo , Sperna Weiland Aleid , Vosters Nanne , Button Lori 
Published: August 2014

This article presents the first research findings into the resilience of Dutch probation officers. The research has been a part of European-funded SPORE project, that aimed to identify approaches that appear to have a positive impact on probation officers’ resilience. The theoretical starting point for the research was the Stress Shield Model, developed and validated in research among police officers. This model views resilience as the capacity to cope with, adapt to, and develop from the demands, challenges and changes encountered as a result of working in a critical occupation. The model describes resilience as an outcome, resulting from the interaction between organizational, peer related, and individual factors. By means of five focus groups and an internet survey consisting of questionnaires measuring the model factors, the research aimed to identify how the factors in the model influence the resilience of Dutch probation officers (POs), what effective or promising practices exist in the Netherlands for the purpose of strengthening resilience of POs, what supporting activities can be carried out by the management, and finally what recommendations can be made for developments at a national and European level. The survey was completed by 165 POs. Results indicate that for Dutch POs it is not primarily clients who have a negative impact on their resilience. Worker resilience appears to be primarily threatened, but also developed and strengthened, by characteristics of the organization and team, as well as the characteristics of the individual worker himself. As an organization, the Dutch Probation Service appears to effectively build and sustain probation officers’ sense of empowerment, which prepares them for future stress. In addition, the research shows the importance of a resilient team and of an organization that provides teams with proper support. Based on these research findings, a set of detailed recommendations is presented that has now been adopted by the management of the Dutch Probation Service.
The Tao of myeloma
Authors: Boise Lawrence H. , Kaufman Jonathan L. , Bahlis Nizar J. , Lonial Sagar , Lee Kelvin P. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy in which significant advances have been observed during the last 15 years. Our understanding of the disease has been advanced through its molecular characterization. We have also seen improvements in patient care with the development of 2 new classes of active agents, proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), resulting in a significant improvement in overall survival of myeloma patients such that it can now be debated as to whether some subsets of myeloma patients can be cured. However, the advances in our understanding of myeloma biology occurred in parallel with advances in treatment as opposed to being directly informed by the research. Moreover, the molecular characterization of malignant plasma cells would not have predicted the effectiveness of these novel therapies. We hypothesize that proteasome inhibitors and IMiDs are highly active because malignant plasma cells are constrained by many of the characteristics of their normal counterparts and these novel therapies target both normal plasma cell biology and the cancer biology of myeloma. Thus, a better understanding of normal plasma cell biology will likely yield as many actionable targets as mapping the genomic landscape of this disease.
Determinants of Cervical screening services uptake among 18–49 year old women seeking services at the Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Morema Everlyne N , Atieli Harrysone E , Onyango Rosebella O , Omondi Joyce H , Ouma Collins 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Kenyan women aged ≥15 years are at risk of developing cervical cancer. Currently, cervical cytology reduces cervical cancer incidence, since it allows for early diagnosis and treatment. Uptake of cervical screening services is a priority research area in Kenya. Central to the success of any screening programme is its ability to identify, reach out and screen the defined target population. Cervical screening coverage in Kenya is currently at 3.2%. In Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH) in Nyanza, the number screened for cervical cancer is low (averagely 3/day). Thus the current study sought to identify factors influencing uptake of cervical screening services at the facility.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study, knowledge, perceptions and cues for action associated with self-reported cervical screening uptake were explored. The targeted population (n = 424), purposively selected were women of child-bearing age (18–49 years) visiting JOOTRH. Data on socio-demographic status (age, level of education, marital status, job status, income level), knowledge of cervical cancer, perceptions on severity and susceptibility to the disease were collected using self-administered structured questionnaires. Statistical significance of differences in proportions were determined by chi-square analyses while logistic regression analyses were used to identify determinants of self-reported uptake of the service.

Results
Self-reported screening uptake was 17.5%. There was a strong positive association between age (P < 0.0001), level of education (P < 0.0001) and income levels (P = 0.005) with the uptake of the service. Knowledge level on the signs and symptoms of cervical cancer was an important determinant for being screened for cervical cancer (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, those who said they didn’t know about the disease (OR, 26.84, 95% CI, 6.07-118.61, P < 0.0001) or were not aware about susceptibility to it (OR, 2.37, 95% CI, 1.10-5.08, P = 0.02) had a higher likelihood of not being screened. On cues for action, those who attended the child welfare clinic were more likely to be screened (OR, 2.31, 95% CI, 1.17-3.93, P = 0.03).

Conclusion
Knowledge, perception of higher susceptibility and attending child welfare clinic are key determinants of self-reported uptake of cervical screening. Increasing knowledge, enhancing health education and providing free services may increase uptake among women population in such settings.
A novel material of cross-linked styrylpyridinium salt intercalated montmorillonite for drug delivery
Authors: Cui Jing , Wang Qingqing , Chen Xiaodong , Wei Qufu 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A facile synthesis of a styrylpyridinium salt (SbQ)/montmorillonite (MMT) via cationic exchange interactions between styrylpyridinium species (specifically SbQ) and MMT platelets is reported in this work. The SbQ-MMT solutions were irradiated under ultraviolet (UV) light for a specific time to obtain the cross-linked SbQ-MMT materials. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses revealed the structures and morphologies of MMT and modified MMT. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope analyses indicated that the basal spacing increased from 1.24 to 1.53 nm compared with the pristine MMT, which proved that SbQ had interacted with MMT. Thermal gravimetric analysis curves showed that the amount of SbQ in the MMT interlayers was 35.71 meq/100 g. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy also confirmed the intercalation of SbQ species into MMT interlayers, and UV spectroscopy was used to follow up the cross-linking of SbQ-MMT. This novel material has potential applications in drug delivery, and it can also be used as an additive to improve the mechanical properties of polymers.
Labor reallocation and firm growth: benchmarking transition countries against mature market economies
Authors: Mitra Pradeep , Muravyev Alexander , Schaffer Mark E 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper uses firm-level survey data to study labor reallocation and firm growth in the transition countries over 1996–2005, including benchmarking against developed market economies. The data shows rapid growth of the new private sector and of the micro- and small-firm sectors, with the size distribution of firms moving towards the pattern observed in comparable surveys of developed market economies. Throughout, the regional patterns suggest greater convergence in the transition countries that joined the European Union in 2004 than in the other, lower-income transition economies. We also find evidence of Kuznet-Chenery type structural change across sectors.

JEL codes

L11, O12, P31.
Discriminant validity, responsiveness and reliability of the arthritis-specific Work Productivity Survey assessing workplace and household productivity within and outside the home in patients with axial spondyloarthritis, including nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Osterhaus Jane T , Purcaru Oana 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The arthritis-specific Work Productivity Survey (WPS) was developed to evaluate productivity limitations associated with arthritis within and outside the home. There is an unmet need for an instrument assessing similar productivity limitations in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), including nonradiographic axSpA and ankylosing spondylitis. Following its validation in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, we aimed to assess psychometric properties of WPS in adult-onset active axSpA in this analysis.

Methods
Psychometric properties were assessed using data from the RAPID-axSpA trial (NCT01087762) in which researchers investigated certolizumab pegol efficacy and safety in axSpA. WPS was completed at baseline and every 4 weeks until week 24. Validity was evaluated at study baseline via known-groups defined by the first and third quartile cutoffs of patient scores to Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), back pain, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Short Form 36 health survey (SF-36) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Scale (ASQoL). Responsiveness and reliability were assessed by comparing WPS mean changes in ASAS 20% improvement criteria (ASAS20), BASDAI50, ASDAS clinically important improvement/major improvement (CII/MI) and BASFI minimum clinically important difference (MCID) responders versus nonresponders at week 12. All comparisons were conducted on observed cases in the randomized set using a nonparametric bootstrap-t method.

Results
The results confirmed the psychometric properties of WPS. AxSpA patients with a worse health state had significantly more days of household work lost, household work with reduced productivity, social activities missed and outside help hired, as well as a higher interference rate of arthritis, than patients with a better health state. Similarly, employed patients with a worse health state had significantly more work days lost or with productivity reduced, and a higher interference of arthritis on work productivity. Similar findings were also observed in the nonradiographic (nr) axSpA and AS subpopulations. The WPS was responsive to clinical changes, with responders reporting larger improvements at week 12 in WPS scores versus nonresponders. Effect sizes in responders were generally moderate to large (standardized response mean >0.5).

Conclusions
These analyses demonstrate that WPS is a valid, responsive and reliable instrument for the measurement of productivity within and outside the home in adult-onset axSpA, as well as the in subpopulations of AS and nr-axSpA.
Analysis of segregation distortion and its relationship to hybrid barriers in rice
Authors: Reflinur  , Kim Backki , Jang Sun Mi , Chu Sang-Ho , Bordiya Yogendra , Akter Md Babul , Lee Joohyun , Chin Joong Hyoun , Koh Hee-Jong 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Segregation distortion (SD) is a frequently observed occurrence in mapping populations generated from crosses involving divergent genotypes. In the present study, ten genetic linkage maps constructed from reciprocal F2 and BC1F1 mapping populations derived from the parents Dasanbyeo (indica) and Ilpumbyeo (japonica) were used to identify the distribution, effect, and magnitude of the genetic factors underlying the mechanisms of SD between the two subspecies.

Results
SD loci detected in the present study were affected by male function, female function, and zygotic selection. The most pronounced SD loci were mapped to chromosome 3 (transmitted through male gametes), chromosome 5 (transmitted through male gametes), and chromosome 6 (transmitted through female gametes). The level of SD in BC1F1 populations which defined by chi-square value independence multiple tests was relatively low in comparison to F2 populations. Dasanbyeo alleles were transmitted at a higher frequency in both F2 and BC1F1 populations, suggesting that indic a alleles are strongly favored in inter-subspecific crosses in rice. SD loci in the present study corresponded to previously reported loci for reproductive barriers. In addition, new SD loci were detected on chromosomes 2 and 12.

Conclusion
The identification of the distribution of SD and the effect of genetic factors causing SD in genetic mapping populations provides an opportunity to survey the whole genome for new SD loci and their relationships to reproductive barriers. This provides a basis for future research on the elucidation of the genetic mechanisms underlying SD in rice, and will be useful in molecular breeding programs.
Case Report: A case of antiphospholipid-antibody-associated reactive angioendotheliomatosis and panniculitis
Authors: Privette Emily D. , Stewart Campbell L. , Schulz Steffan W. , Werth Victoria P. 
Published: August 2014

Introduction:Reactive angioendotheliomatosis (RAE) is a benign vascular disorder with a varied clinical presentation that has been associated with a wide range of systemic illnesses. It is characterized histologically by intravascular and extravascular hyperplasia of endothelial cells and pericytes, and this entity only affects the skin. We present the rare case of a woman with both RAE and panniculitis associated with anticardiolipin antibodies in the setting of antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS).Case description:A female in her forties presented for a second opinion of lumps in her skin. The first lump was noted on her right thigh four years prior to presentation, and biopsy demonstrated longstanding septal and lobular panniculitis. Studies that followed this finding revealed a diagnosis of APLS, and the patient had been placed on 400 mg per day of hydroxychloroquine and a daily low-dose of aspirin. She presented with a new subcutaneous plaque on the left lower back, and biopsy of this lesion was suggestive of RAE. She had no history of significant thrombotic events and had never been treated with an anticoagulant. Work-up was negative for other connective tissue diseases that are known for producing subcutaneous nodular lesions.Discussion:RAE is very rare, with less than 50 cases reported in total; five of these in association with APLS. In the context of APLS, RAE is likely a result of the procoagulant state induced by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. This case of both RAE and panniculitis associated with anticardiolipin antibodies in the setting of APLS describes rare manifestations of APLS as isolated incidents in a relatively healthy patient.
Research roundup: August 2014
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: August 2014

In brief ■ Chronic hypertension and long-term use of beta-blockers may increase the risk of psoriasis ■ Obese patients, as well as those who are underweight, are more likely to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than those with a healthy body mass index ■ Nurses are more likely to adhere to discharge summary guidance than doctors ■ Antidepressants could be an alternative treatment to hormone-replacement therapy for hot flushes ■ Low-dose aspirin may significantly reduce the risk of developing pancreatic cancer
Method Development and Validation of Hydrochlorothiazide and Quinapril in bulk and tablet dosage form by RP-HPLC
Authors: Kanchukommula Harini , Subramaniam Ananda Thangadurai , Munusamy Jambulingam , Danapal Kamalakannan , Sengodan Saravanakumar 
Published: August 2014

A RPHPLC chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical formulations. Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide can be separated on Zorbax Eclipse XDB, C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 mm) at 30 C using Acetonitrile: Phosphate buffer, pH 4.5 was adjusted with o-phosphoric acid in the ratio of 35:65 v/v as a mobile phase at flow rate of 0.9 mL min-1Â and detected at 210 nm. The retention time of Quinapril and Hydrochlorthiazide was found to be 2.099 min and 5.537 min respectively. The validation of the proposed method was carried out for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and robustness. Calibration was linear over a range of 50-300 g mL-1Â and 31.25187.5 g mL-1Â with correlation coefficient of 0.999 for Quinapril and Hydrochlorthiazide, respectively. The robustness of the method was evaluated by deliberately altering the chromatographic conditions. The method developed can be applicable for quality control analysis.
X-ray crystal structure of N-benzyl-2-(4,6-diaminopyrimidin-2-ylthio)-acetamide
Authors: Timiri Ajay Kumar , S Subasri , Vijayan Vishwanathan , Devadasan Velmurugan , Sinha Barij Nayan , Kesherwani Manish , Jayaprakash Venkatesan 
Published: August 2014

N-benzyl-2-(4,6-diaminopyrimidin-2-ylthio)-acetamide, was synthesized by the reaction of 4,6-diamino-pyrimidine-2-thiol with 2-chloro-N-benzyl acetamide in the presence of potassium hydroxide under reflux conditions and crystallized. X-ray diffraction intensity data were collected at room temperature (293k) on a Bruker axs SMART APEXII single crystal X-ray diffractometer equipped with graphite monochromatic MoÂ K?Â (?=0.71073 radiation and CCD detector. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/n space group with four molecules in the unit cell (a=8.5657(5) b=9.3203(5) c=18.2134(10) ?=90, ?=91.540(4) , ?=90 and Z=4). The three dimensional molecular structure of this compound was determined by X-ray crystallography using SHELXS97 and later refined by SHELXL97 to a final R-value 4.3%. In the crystal, the molecular structure is stabilized by intramolecular NH...S, CH...N and CH...O hydrogen bonds and the packing is stabilized by intermolecular NH...N and NHO hydrogen bonds.
Single shot interferometry using a two-interferogram phase shifting algorithm
Authors: Serrano-García David-Ignacio , Martinez-García Amalia , Toto-Arellano Noel-Iván , Otani Yukitoshi 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
An interferometer capable of retrieving the phase information in a single shot was implemented, the system was made by taking into account the double interferogram output obtained in a Mach Zehnder interferometer and then retrieving the phase information using a two-step algorithm already encountered in the literature. By controlling the polarization properties of the system, a new polarization phase shifting technique was implemented based upon the rotation of two quarter wave retarders placed in each of the arms of the interferometer. We present the analytical model taking into account the necessary conditions presented by the demodulation method. The configuration presented does not require micro-polarizer arrays or diffraction gratings presenting the advantage of avoiding the use of conventional polarizing filters to control the phase shift. Experimental results are presented.