bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘A WONDERFULL MONSTER BORNE IN GERMANY’: HAIRY GIRLS IN MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN GERMAN BOOK, COURT AND PERFORMANCE CULTURE
Authors: Katritzky M. A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTHuman hirsuteness, or pathological hair growth, can be symptomatic of various conditions, including genetic mutation or inheritance, and some cancers and hormonal disturbances. Modern investigations into hirsuteness were initiated by nineteenth‐century German physicians. Most early modern European cases of hypertrichosis (genetically determined all‐over body and facial hair) involve German‐speaking parentage or patronage, and are documented in German print culture. Through the Wild Man tradition, modern historians routinely link early modern reception of historical hypertrichosis cases to issues of ethnicity without, however, recognising early modern awareness of links between temporary hirsuteness and the pathological nexus of starvation and anorexia. Here, four cases of hirsute females are reconsidered with reference to this medical perspective, and to texts and images uncovered by my current research at the Herzog August Library and German archives. One concerns an Italian girl taken to Prague in 1355 by the Holy Roman Empress, Anna von Schweidnitz. Another focuses on Madeleine and Antonietta Gonzalez, daughters of the ‘Wild Man’ of Tenerife, documented at German courts in the 1580s. The third and fourth cases consider the medieval bearded Sankt Kümmernis (also known as St Wilgefortis or St Uncumber), and the seventeenth‐century Bavarian fairground performer Barbara Urslerin.
FROM READING TO WRITING: WOMEN AUTHORS AND BOOK COLLECTORS AT THE WOLFENBÜTTEL COURT – A CASE STUDY OF GEORG PHILIPP HARSDÖRFFER'S FRAUENZIMMER GESPRÄCHSPIELE
Authors: Wade Mara R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTMarks of ownership and book inventories attest that several women from the court at Wolfenbüttel owned copies of Georg Philipp Harsdörffer's Frauenzimmer Gesprächspiele (1641–57), one of the earliest literary works in the German language to be directed specifically at women as well as men. These books were often treasured objects of matrilineal inheritance. The dynastic women from Wolfenbüttel who owned the Gesprächspiele were authors in their own right, demonstrating a correlation between ownership of the Gesprächspiele and female literary agency.
CHILDREN OF THE REVOLUTION? A CASE STUDY OF THE MISSING NEXT GENERATION IN WOMEN'S POLITICAL WRITINGS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND HEDWIG DOHM'S NOVELS
Authors: Mikus Birgit 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTA recurring argument in political texts written by female authors in the second half of the nineteenth century is that women's emancipation and equal rights are a multi‐generational project. The so‐called ’48ers were the first generation to fight for the most basic equal rights, and on this basis they argued that they would raise the next generation in the spirit of equality. These children of revolutionary parents would in their turn take up the fight for legal and social progress, so that, one step at a time, one generation at a time, full equality would be closer to being achieved. Over the course of the century, the generational argument was taken up by groups with different political interests and was adapted to reflect these. However, the same authors who called in their pamphlets for the passing‐on of democratic principles created female protagonists in their novels who are politically engaged in one form or another, but who do not have children. At the turn of the century, the author Hedwig Dohm published a trilogy of novels which appears to comment subliminally on the instrumentalisation of the idealised ‘next generation’ in political contexts. This article analyses the prevalence of the generational argument in several political texts written by women, and Dohm's retrospective evaluation of its feasibility in her trilogy, Schicksale einer Seele (1899), Sibilla Dalmar (1896), and Christa Ruland (1902).
‘…DAS NORMALE WEIB GEHÖRT DER ZUKUNFT’: EVOLUTIONISM AND THE NEW WOMAN IN LEOPOLD VON SACHER‐MASOCH, FRIEDA VON BÜLOW AND LOU ANDREAS‐SALOMÉ
Authors: Saul Nicholas 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWhilst the treatment of Darwinian and other concepts of evolution in literary theory and writing by men around 1900 has recently received attention, little has been written on their influence over women writers and their theorisation of gender at this epoch. This paper addresses the impact of ‘Darwinism’, in particular sexual selection, on concepts of gender and writing practice in the representative women writers Bülow and Andreas‐Salomé. These are contrasted with works by Sacher‐Masoch and with Bölsche's construction of the feminine in Das Liebesleben in der Natur. It is argued that radical feminism emerged even in prominent feminist writers around 1900 in an inhibited form, and that the authority attributed to Darwinistic constructions of sexual selection was a factor in that phenomenalisation.
DIE JÜDIN IN WERNER TÜBKES LEBENSERINNERUNGEN DES DR. JUR. SCHULZE III (1965)
Authors: Hoffmann‐Curtius Kathrin 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe article will focus on Werner Tübke's artistic engagement with the Nazis’ persecution of the Jews, examining the allegorical presentation of one female figure in his monumental painting Die Lebenserinnerungen des Dr. jur. Schulze III, completed in Leipzig in 1965. In his painting, Tübke uses several quotations from photography used by the SS depicting the Jewish revolt in the Warsaw Ghetto. Here, the question is asked whether and in what manner Tübke succeeded in transforming the quoted image from the Nazi years into a critical commentary on the Auschwitz trials which were taking place at the same time in Frankfurt am Main.
DANCING THROUGH THE (NEXT) MINEFIELD, OR HOW AND WHY SHOULD WE READ THE STORIES OF GERMAN WOMEN PRISONERS?
Authors: Colvin Sarah 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis article considers the circumstances of production and reception of texts by women prisoners in Germany since 1949, and what makes such writing ‘worth reading’. I suggest that (a) some of the issues faced by a researcher of prisoner writing now – particularly those around the visibility of the writing and its perceived aesthetic status – reprise issues faced by feminist literary critics in years gone by, and (b) that recognition might assist in the development of appropriate methodologies for approaching prisoner texts by men and women writers.
THE POLITICS OF MEMORY AND GENDER: WHAT HAPPENED TO SECOND‐WAVE FEMINISM IN GERMANY?
Authors: Becker‐Cantarino Barbara 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT’68 has become a powerful cipher for the political renewal of post‐war (West) Germany, but references to women and their impact on social (and political) changes are mostly absent from personal and collective memorials. Using the notion of cultural memory work as social constructivism, the paper explores how the politics of memory, femininity and gender reflecting un‐negotiated gender issues, especially the lingering myth of traditional femininity, are pivotal in second‐wave feminism's low visibility and esteem in spite of the movement's apparent success in promoting women's legal and social equality. Dating back to the contested relationship between '68ers and second‐wave feminism, anti‐feminist discourse in the media employs strategies of displacing the social arguments of equality feminism into the erotic and personal, presenting feminist gender negotiations as ridiculous, irrational, prudish, anti‐democratic, and even dangerous. Equality feminism as a social movement promoted and supported mostly by women does not easily fit into the traditional categories of German paternalistic national history and present memory culture in Germany.
‘DAMIT DIE SEELE DIESER FRAU NICHT ÜBERSEHEN WERDE BEIM SAMMELN DES LEBENS’: RE‐ENACTMENT AND THE SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE IN VIOLA ROGGENKAMP'S DIE FRAU IM TURM (2009)
Authors: Brook Madeleine 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTTelling history is, famously, a process of ‘re‐enacting’ past experience through ‘re‐thinking’ it – and in ‘re‐thinking’ that past experience, the historian also understands something about himself (Collingwood). These ideas are at the root of a great deal of modern pedagogical thought with reference to teaching history. The character of Masia Bleiberg in Viola Roggenkamp's novel, Die Frau im Turm (2009), however, takes a more subjective and emotionally driven approach to employing re‐enactment as a way to find out about herself. As the thirty‐something daughter of a Jewish Holocaust survivor now living in the GDR and a West German mother, she tries to establish her identity through exploring a number of ‘re‐enactment’ strategies, many of which prove unsatisfactory. Masia's search for knowledge proves to be highly gendered: while female characters produce knowledge and the record of it, it is the male characters who act as the gatekeepers to the (self‐)knowledge Masia seeks.
Crystal Structure and Effective Dielectric Response of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3–MgO Composites Synthesized In Situ Process
Authors: Zhang Jingji , Ji Ludong , Jia Xuanrui , Wang Jiangying , Zhai Jiwei , Zhou Yun 
Published: September 2014

(1 − x)Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3(BST)–xMgO composite ceramics have been prepared in situ by a citrate–nitrate combustion process, and their crystal structure and effective dielectric response have been investigated systematically. Results reveal that MgO particles homogeneously disperse in BST particles. Rietveld refinement of X‐ray diffraction data shows that the amount of the incorporation of MgO into BST lattice is increased with increasing the MgO volume fraction (ƒM). It is identified that the incorporation of Mg2+ into B site gives rise to the formation of F centers in the composites. Related with the incorporation of Mg2+ into BST lattice, the permittivity of BST in the composite is strongly dependent on ƒM, which is defined by the relation . Also, the high percolation threshold of ƒM = 0.60 is observed, which is well in agreement with the theoretical predictions of the modified effective medium approximation coupled with the spherical inclusion model.
High‐Strength ZrC Ceramics Doped with Aluminum
Authors: Wang Xin‐Gang , Zhang Guo‐Jun , Zhao Jian , Xue Jia‐Xiang , Xu Chang‐Ming , Wang Pei‐Ling 
Published: September 2014

High‐strength ZrC ceramics with relative density above 98% were prepared by reactive hot pressing of ZrC and Al at 1900°C. The reaction between ZrC and Al resulted in the formation of ZrC1−x, Zr3Al3C5 and Zr–Al compound such as AlZr3 and Al–C–Zr. The intermediate product AlZr3 below 1600°C and remained Al–C–Zr phase could form liquid phase and promoted the first stage of densification process. The improvement in densification behavior at higher temperatures (1800°C–1900°C) could be attributed to the formation of nonstoichiometric ZrC1−x. Adding 5 wt% and 7.5 wt% Al to ZrC, the formed ZrC0.85–Zr3Al3C5 and ZrC0.80–Zr3Al3C5 based ceramics had 3‐point bending strength as high as 757 ± 79 MPa and 967 ± 50 MPa, respectively, with hardness and fracture toughness being 16.2–18.3 GPa and 3.3–3.5 MPa m1/2, respectively.
Relaxor Behavior and Large Room‐Temperature Polarization of Ferroelectric Sr4CaBiTi3Nb7O30 Ceramics
Authors: Gong Gaoshang , Zerihun Gebru , Fang Yujiao , Huang Shuai , Yin Chongyang , Yuan Songliu 
Published: September 2014

A new relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, Sr4CaBiTi3Nb7O30, were prepared. The microstructure, morphology, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties were studied. The ceramics were found that growing in some directions preferentially. Two dielectric relaxations were observed below the Burns temperature TB = 460 K and relaxation‐I can be described by the Vogel–Fulcher law. The Curie–Weiss constant (C) of 1.33 × 105 K confirms the displacive‐type ferroelectric phase transition. The ceramics exhibit the first‐order diffuse ferroelectric phase transition feature. The diffusion exponent varies from 1.99 to 1.92 with different applied frequencies. Room‐temperature (RT) polarization was evaluated, and Pr = 2.6 μC/cm2, Ec = 15.2 kV/cm values were obtained. The high breakdown voltage (≥80 kV/cm) and low leakage current confirmed the high quality of Sr4CaBiTi3Nb7O30 ceramics. All of these features suggest that Sr4CaBiTi3Nb7O30 may be used to substitute lead‐based relaxor ferroelectric materials for environmental friendly. Raman spectra and polarization measured at different temperatures attribute the high‐ and low‐temperature dielectric relaxation to flipping and breathing of polar nanoregions, respectively.
Differential associations of early callous‐unemotional, oppositional, and ADHD behaviors: multiple domains within early‐starting conduct problems?
Authors: Waller Rebecca , Hyde Luke W. , Grabell Adam S. , Alves Martha L. , Olson Sheryl L. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundEarly‐starting child conduct problems (CP) are linked to the development of persistent antisocial behavior. Researchers have theorized multiple pathways to CP and that CP comprise separable domains, marked by callous‐unemotional (CU) behavior, oppositional behavior, or ADHD symptoms. However, a lack of empirical evidence exists from studies that have examined whether there are unique correlates of these domains.MethodsWe examined differential correlates of CU, oppositional, and ADHD behaviors during the preschool years to test their potentially distinct nomological networks. Multimethod data, including parent and teacher reports and observations of child behavior, were drawn from a prospective, longitudinal study of children assessed at age 3 and age 6 (N = 240; 48% female).ResultsDimensions of CU, oppositional, and ADHD behaviors were separable within Confirmatory Factor Analyses across mother and father reports. There were differential associations between CU, oppositional, and ADHD behaviors and socioemotional, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes: CU behavior was uniquely related to lower moral regulation, guilt, and empathy. ADHD was uniquely related to lower attentional focusing and observed effortful control. Finally, CU behavior uniquely predicted increases in teacher‐reported externalizing from ages 3–6 over and above covariates, and ADHD and oppositional behavior.ConclusionsConsistent with theory, dimensions of CU, ADHD, and oppositional behavior demonstrated separable nomological networks representing separable facets within early‐starting CP.
Sarcocystis caninum and Sarcocystis svanai n. spp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) Associated with Severe Myositis and Hepatitis in the Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris)
Authors: Dubey Jitender P. , Sykes Jane E. , Shelton G. Diane , Sharp Nick , Verma Shiv K. , Calero‐Bernal Rafael , Viviano Jenifer , Sundar Natarajan , Khan Asis , Grigg Michael E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThere are several reports of Sarcocystis sarcocysts in muscles of dogs, but these species have not been named. Additionally, there are two reports of Sarcocystis neurona in dogs. Here, we propose two new names, Sarcocystis caninum, and Sarcocystis svanai for sarcocysts associated with clinical muscular sarcocystosis in four domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), one each from Montana and Colorado in the USA, and two from British Columbia, Canada. Only the sarcocyst stage was identified. Most of the sarcocysts identified were S. caninum. Sarcocysts were studied using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and polymerase chain reaction. Based on collective results two new species, S. caninum and S. svanai were designated. Sarcocystis caninum and S. svanai were structurally distinct. Sarcocystis caninum sarcocysts were up to 1.2 mm long and up to 75 μm wide. By light microscopy, the sarcocyst wall was relatively thin and smooth. By TEM, the sarcocyst wall was “type 9”, 1–2 μm thick, and contained villar protrusions that lacked microtubules. Bradyzoites in sections were 7–9 μm long. Sarcocysts of S. svanai were few and were identified by TEM. Sarcocystis svanai sarcocysts were “type 1”, thin walled (< 0.5 μm), and the wall lacked villar protrusions but had tiny blebs that did not invaginate. DNA was extracted either from infected frozen muscle biopsies or formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections. Dogs were either singly infected with S. caninum or multiply co‐infected with S. caninum and S. svanai (the result of a mixed infection) based on multilocus DNA sequencing and morphology. BLASTn analysis established that the sarcocysts identified in these dogs were similar to, but not identical to Sarcocystis canis or Sarcocystis arctosi, parasites found to infect polar bears (Ursus maritimus) or brown bears (Ursus arctosi), respectively. However, the S. caninum sequence showed 100% identify over the 18S rRNA region sequenced to that of S. arctica, a parasite known to infect Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus).
A reappraisal of bridge piers scour vulnerability: a case study in the Upper Tiber River basin (central Italy)
Authors: Barbetta S. , Camici S. , Moramarco T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe issue of bridge piers vulnerability to scour is addressed by comparing two procedures. The first method quantifies the Scour Vulnerability Index (SVI) considering the combined effects of local and contraction scour. The method requires that a scale factor, for taking account of the scour depth overestimation provided by empirical formulae, is quantified for the selected case study through inspection campaigns. The second approach identifies a vulnerability index to vertical instability depending on several indicators. The study is carried out for a sample of 46 bridges in the Tiber River basin, central Italy, and shows that the two methods identify the same number of piers affected by ‘high’ vulnerability. Results are supplemented by outcomes of inspections that identified, through the scale factor, a high correlation between measured scour depth and SVI value. SVI, simpler and most practical, seems useful for an expeditious estimate of scour vulnerability in large areas and can be adopted by decision makers to identify the structures requiring attention in terms of maintenance and control. The presented results do not provide a general rule for a correct estimate of scour. They refer to solely the investigated case study and need to be verified in other rivers context.
Constraining the conditions of Barrovian metamorphism in Sikkim, India: P–T–t paths of garnet crystallization in the Lesser Himalayan Belt
Authors: Gaidies F. , Petley‐Ragan A. , Chakraborty S. , Dasgupta S. , Jones P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGarnet crystallization in metapelites from the Barrovian garnet and staurolite zones of the Lesser Himalayan Belt in Sikkim is modelled utilizing Gibbs free energy minimization, multi‐component diffusion theory and a simple nucleation and growth algorithm. The predicted mineral assemblages and garnet‐growth zoning match observations remarkably well for relatively tight, clockwise metamorphic P–T paths that are characterized by prograde gradients of ∼30 °C kbar−1 for garnet‐zone rocks and ∼20 °C kbar−1 for rocks from the staurolite zone. Estimates for peak metamorphic temperature increase up‐structure toward the Main Central Thrust. According to our calculations, garnet stopped growing at peak pressures, and protracted heating after peak pressure was absent or insignificant. Almost identical P–T paths for the samples studied and the metamorphic continuity of the Lesser Himalayan Belt support thermo‐mechanical models that favour tectonic inversion of a coherent package of Barrovian metamorphic rocks. Time‐scales associated with the metamorphism were too short for chemical diffusion to substantially modify garnet‐growth zoning in rocks from the garnet and staurolite zones. In general, the pressure of initial garnet growth decreases, and the temperature required for initial garnet growth was reached earlier, for rocks buried closer toward the MCT. Deviations from this overall trend can be explained by variations in bulk‐rock chemistry.
Effect of nasal speaking valve on speech intelligibility under velopharyngeal incompetence: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Mikamo S. , Kodama N. , Pan Q. , Maeda N. , Minagi S. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryVelopharyngeal incompetence is known as a contributing factor to speech disorders. Suwaki et al. reported that nasal speaking valve (NSV) could improve dysarthria by regulating nasal emission utilising one‐way valve. However, disease or condition which would be susceptible to treatment by NSV has not been clarified yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of NSV by questionnaire survey using ready‐made NSV. Subjects were recruited through the internet bulletin, and NSV survey set was sent to the applicant. Sixty‐six participants, who agreed to participate in this study, used NSV and mailed back the questionnaire which included self‐evaluation and third‐party evaluation of speech intelligibility. Statistical analysis revealed that the use of NSV resulted in significant speech intelligibility improvement in both self‐evaluation and third‐party evaluation (P < 0·01). Regarding the type of underlying disease of dysarthria, significant effect of NSV on self‐evaluation of speech intelligibility could be observed in cerebrovascular disease and neurodegenerative disease (P < 0·01) and that on third‐party evaluation in neurodegenerative disease (P < 0·01). Eighty‐six percent of subjects showed improvement of speech intelligibility by shutting up nostrils by fingers, and the significant effect of NSV on both self‐evaluation and third‐party evaluation of speech intelligibility was observed (P < 0·001). From the results of this study, it was suggested that NSV would be effective in cerebrovascular disease and neurodegenerative disease, as well as in subjects whose speech intelligibility was improved by closing nostrils.
A randomized controlled trial of the effect of a brief cognitive‐behavioral intervention on dental fear
Authors: Spindler Helle , Staugaard Søren Risløv , Nicolaisen Camilla , Poulsen Rikka 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the effect of a brief cognitive‐behavioral intervention for patients with dental fear in a private dental clinic.MethodsPatients presenting with subjectively reported dental fear were randomly assigned to either an immediate intervention (n = 53) or a waiting list (n = 51) group. Both groups received an identical intervention, but delayed by 4‐6 weeks in the waiting list group. Participants were asked to fill out two self‐report questionnaires of dental fear at pre‐ and post‐intervention, and again at a 2‐year follow‐up assessment.ResultsAnalysis of variance showed that dental fear was significantly reduced in the immediate intervention group (d = 1.5‐2.2), compared with the waiting list group (d = 0.3‐0.4). Additionally, all participants showed a significant reduction of dental fear following the brief intervention, and in the subgroup available for follow‐up, this effect was maintained after 2 years.ConclusionsThis indicates that a brief cognitive‐behavioral intervention may be efficacious in helping a significant number of patients with dental fear return to regular dental treatment. Future research should investigate the applicability of a brief cognitive‐behavioral intervention in the dental clinic.