bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of nature and extent of injuries during Dahihandi festival
Authors: Nemade P , Wade R , Patwardhan AR , Kale S 
Published: January 2013

Background:
Injuries related to the Hindu festival of Dahihandi where a human pyramid is formed and a pot of money kept at a height is broken, celebrated in the state of Maharashtra, have seen a significant rise in the past few years. The human pyramid formed is multi-layered and carries with it a high risk of injury including mortality.

Aims:
To evaluate the nature, extent and influencing factors of injuries related to Dahihandi festival.

Settings and Design:
We present a retrospective analysis of patients who presented in a tertiary care center with injuries during the Dahihandi festival in the year 2010.

Materials and Methods:
124 patients' records were evaluated for timing of injury, height of the Dahihandi pyramid, position of the patient in the multi-layered pyramid, mode of pyramid collapse and mechanism of an injury. A binary regression logistic analysis for risk factors was done at 5% significance level.

Statistical Analysis:
Univariate and multi-variate binary logistic regression of the risk factors for occurrence of a major or minor injury was done using Minitab™ version 16.0 at 5% significance.

Results:
Out of 139 patients presented to the center, 15 were not involved directly in the formation of pyramid, rest 124 were included in the analysis. A majority of the patients were above 15 years of age [110 (83.6%)]. 46 (37.1%) patients suffered major injuries. There were 39 fractures, 3 cases of chest wall trauma with 10 cases of head injuries and 1 death. More than half of the patients [78 (56.1%)] were injured after 1800 hours. 73 (58.9%) injured participants were part of the pyramid constructed to reach the Dahihandi placed at 30 feet or more above the ground. 72 (51.8%) participants were part of the middle layers of the pyramid. Fall of a participant from upstream layers on the body was the main mechanism of injury, and majority [101 (81.5%)] of the patients suffered injury during descent phase of the pyramid.

Conclusions:
There is a considerable risk of serious, life-threatening injuries inherent to human pyramid formation and descent in the Dahihandi festival. Safety guidelines are urgently needed to minimize risk and prevent loss of human life.
Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaws: An update
Authors: Kumar R Anil , Sawhney Chand , Kumar Santosh , Dhingra Mohita 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBisphosphonates (BPs) have been recommended for the use in patients with various bony lesions such as Paget′s disease, hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, and multiple myeloma. Despite the increasing use and various benefits, bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a significant complication with significant morbidity. A search of PUBMED journal databases from January 2000 to April 2012 was conducted with the objective of identifying publications regarding BRONJ. Based on the available data current concepts in the diagnosis and management of BRONJ are discussed in this article.
Correlative and comparative study of Fishman′s skeletal maturity indicators with CVMI and chronological age in Lucknow population
Authors: Kiran Sachan , Sharma V. P. , Tandon Pradeep 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Objective: The present study consists of comparison and correlation between the hand-wrist skeletal maturation indicator (SMI) and the cervical vertebral maturation indicator (CVMI) and verification of the reliability of the vertebral index and chronological age in the determination of the stages of the skeletal maturation. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of randomly selected 90 children from Lucknow population with 45 males (age range 10-13 years) and 45 females (age range 9-12 years). Hand wrist radiograph taken for SMI, Lateral cephalogram taken for CVMI. Correlation was made between cervical vertebrae maturation and hand wrist maturation. These two methods and the chronological age were compared using the Newman-Keuls test. Results: There was strong correlation between SMI and CVMI for both male and female (0.849, 0.932). Cervical vertebrae maturation indicator and hand-wrist skeletal maturational indicator (SMI) showed no statistical signi?cant difference for males and females. However, females showed maturation at an early age as compared to males. Chronological age shows significant difference in comparison to skeletal age. Conclusion: It was concluded that CVMI stages can also be used as for assessing skeletal maturity. Cervical vertebrae assessment provided a reliable assessment for pubertal growth spurt, it would be bene?cial to use a lateral cephalogram for skeletal maturity assessment and thereby eliminate the need for an additional radiograph (hand-wrist radiograph). This is cost effective and will also reduce the radiation exposure to the patient.
Comparison of centrifuged liquid based cytology method with conventional brush cytology in oral lesions
Authors: Dwivedi Nidhi , Agarwal Akhil , Raj Vineet , Kashyap Bina , Chandra Shaleen 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Background: Exfoliative cytology is the study of cells that are shed or scrapped off from mucosal surfaces. Centrifuged Liquid based cytology is a modified technique employed in the present study. Aims: To compare the utility of centrifuged liquid based cytology with conventional cytology in oral lesions after staining with Papanicolaou (PAP) stain. Materials and Methods: 50 cases of oral lesions comprising of normal mucosa (n=14), hyperkeratotic lesions (n=17), ulcerated lesions (n=7) and atrophic lesions (n=12) were selected. Two smears were obtained from the lesion using a cytological brush. One was spread on the slide using conventional technique, fixed immediately in 95% ethyl alcohol. Second sample was suspended in suspending solution for 10 minutes then spun in centrifuge for 10 minutes. The supernatant was poured off and the obtained cell pellet was used to prepare a smear by sedimentation and left to dry overnight. Both the smears were stained by PAP. The stained smears were compared for seven morphological parameters such as adequacy of smear, clear background, cell distribution, smear thickness, cell morphology, and presence of blood, inflammatory cells, microbial colonies and artifacts. Wilcoxon Signed rank test was used and P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.001) between centrifuged liquid based cytology and conventional cytology when clear background was evaluated while in all other parameters the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Centrifuged Liquid based cytology showed clearer background than conventional brush cytology in oral lesions.
On Whitney-type Characterization of Approximate Differentiability on Metric Measure Spaces
Authors: Durand-Cartagena E. , Ihnatsyeva L. , Korte R. , Szumańska M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe study approximately differentiable functions on metric measure spaces admitting a Cheeger differentiable structure. The main result is a Whitney-type characterization of approximately differentiable functions in this setting. As an application, we prove a Stepanov-type theorem and consider approximate differentiability of Sobolev, BV, and maximal functions.
Intraosseous Vascular Access is Safe, Effective and Costs less than Central Venous Catheters for Patients in the Hospital Setting
Authors: Dolister Michael , Miller Stephen , Borron Stephen , Truemper Edward , Shah Manoj , Lanford Muriel R. , Philbeck Thomas E. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose Central venous catheters (CVCs) are often placed to resuscitate unstable emergency department (ED) patients. In an observational study, we assessed intraosseous (IO) vascular access in the hospital, and compared results to published experiences with CVC placement. Methods Patients who would typically receive a CVC were considered for the study. Vascular access was gained using a powered IO device. Data collection included placement success, placement time, ease-of-use, satisfaction with flow rates, complications and subsequent CVC placement. Results A total of 105 cases were studied from six centers. Mean age was 48.0±28.0 years and 53% were men; 85% of the patients were medical cases, and 53% were in cardiac/respiratory arrest. Of those, 48% returned to spontaneous circulation. A total of 94% of placements were successful on the first attempt. Mean time to IO access was 103.6±96.2 seconds. There was one serious complication – a lower extremity compartment syndrome. IO access costs $100/patient. Conclusions The data revealed faster and more successful IO catheter placement than reported for CVCs, few complications and high user satisfaction. For simple placements, cost savings for IO access vs. CVCs was $195/procedure. If 20% of the 3.5 million CVCs placed annually were replaced with IO catheters, cost savings could approach $650 million/year. We conclude that IO access in place of CVCs delivers high value in terms of being a safe, fast and effective mode of vascular access for patients in the hospital setting, with potentially substantial cost savings. These data indicate that IO access is a cost effective and viable alternative to problematic CVC lines.
Dietary Correlates to the Development of Nasca Social Complexity (A.D. 1–750)
Authors: Kellner Corina M. , Schoeninger Margaret J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between agricultural intensification and social complexity in past societies using a diachronic, contextualized population, the Nasca of the southern coast of Peru (A.D. 1–750). Using stable isotope analysis of human bone collagen, we tested social assumptions arising from the relationship between agricultural intensification and social complexity during the Nasca’s cultural fluorescence, including the construction of underground filtration galleries (puquios). Our data show that while agricultural intensification may have spurred social complexity in the Nasca region, it engendered few significant differences in access to foodstuffs. High status individuals in Nasca society had access to more meat than low status individuals, especially during time periods characterized by more social conflict, increasing trade routes, and agricultural intensification. Meat consumption may have been an important marker of status identity among the Nasca. Nasca elites, however, did not control access to agricultural products such as maize as effectively as they did meat. These dietary data support the contention that an indigenous process of innovation and intensification was the major catalyst to later social complexity in the Nasca population from the Las Trancas Valley.
Is there a chilly climate? An educational environmental mixed method study in a chiropractic training institution
Authors: Palmgren Per J. , Chandratilake Madawa , Nilsson Gunnar H. , Laksov Klara Bolander 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveThe attitude towards gender in an educational environment has a significant impact on a student's behavior, sense of well-being, and academic performance. Our study aimed to explore the presence and extent of gender-related issues in a chiropractic undergraduate learning environment, which has been a scarcely researched topic in the literature.MethodsThe Perceived Chilly Climate Scale (PCCS) was used as the initial tool for screening the gender issues among undergraduates. The issues identified were explored further with a series of focus group interviews.ResultsThe PCCS had an 83% response rate. The PCCS score (105/196) indicated the nonexistence of alarming gender-related issues. However, the PCCS score was significantly higher among female than male subjects, immigrants than nonimmigrants, and minorities than majority ethnic groups. Despite high ratings on the questionnaire quantitative findings, the focus groups indicated a good sense of equality, oppression-free environment, and no obvious signs of discrimination.ConclusionThe educational environment of the institution concerned was conducive to equality. However, subtle but important gender-, ethnic-, and minority-related issues could be addressed to provide an enhanced educational environment to learners.
Hybrid SONIC: joint feedforward–feedback narrowband interference canceler
Authors: Niedźwiecki Maciej , Meller Michał 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYSONIC (self‐optimizing narrowband interference canceler) is an acronym of a recently proposed active noise control algorithm with interesting adaptivity and robustness properties. SONIC is a purely feedback controller, capable of rejecting nonstationary sinusoidal disturbances (with time‐varying amplitude and/or frequency) in the presence of plant (secondary path) uncertainty. We show that although SONIC can work reliably without access to a reference signal, even when the frequency of the disturbance is unknown and possibly time varying, the algorithm can take advantage of such additional source information. Unlike classical hybrid solutions, the reference signal is used only to extract information about the instantaneous frequency of the disturbance. The advance‐time advantage, available because the acoustic delay in the system is larger than the electrical delay, allows one to incorporate in the control loop a smoothed, and hence more accurate, frequency estimate. This increases the attenuation efficiency of SONIC and widens its operating range—the modified algorithm can be safely used in the presence of rapid frequency changes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No skeletal dysplasia in the nariokotome boy KNM‐WT 15000 (homo erectus)—A reassessment of congenital pathologies of the vertebral column
Authors: Schiess Regula , Haeusler Martin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Nariokotome boy skeleton KNM‐WT 15000 is the most complete Homo erectus fossil and therefore is key for understanding human evolution. Nevertheless, since Latimer and Ohman (2001) reported on severe congenital pathology in KNM‐WT 15000, it is questionable whether this skeleton can still be used as reference for Homo erectus skeletal biology. The asserted pathologies include platyspondylic and diminutive vertebrae implying a disproportionately short stature; spina bifida; condylus tertius; spinal stenosis; and scoliosis. Based on this symptom complex, the differential diagnosis of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, an extremely rare form of skeletal dysplasia, has been proposed. Yet, our reanalysis of these pathologies shows that the shape of the KNM‐WT 15000 vertebrae matches that of normal modern human adolescents. The vertebrae are not abnormally flat, show no endplate irregularities, and thus are not platyspondylic. As this is the hallmark of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda and related forms of skeletal dysplasia, the absence of platyspondyly refutes axial dysplasia and disproportionate dwarfism. Furthermore, we neither found evidence for spina bifida occulta nor manifesta, whereas the condylus tertius, a developmental anomaly of the cranial base, is not related to skeletal dysplasias. Other fossils indicate that the relatively small size of the vertebrae and the narrow spinal canal are characteristics of early hominins rather than congenital pathologies. Except for the recently described signs of traumatic lumbar disc herniation, the Nariokotome boy fossil therefore seems to belong to a normal Homo erectus youth without pathologies of the axial skeleton. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
mtDNA variation in East Africa unravels the history of afro‐asiatic groups
Authors: Boattini Alessio , Castrì Loredana , Sarno Stefania , Useli Antonella , Cioffi Manuela , Sazzini Marco , Garagnani Paolo , De Fanti Sara , Pettener Davide , Luiselli Donata 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEast Africa (EA) has witnessed pivotal steps in the history of human evolution. Due to its high environmental and cultural variability, and to the long‐term human presence there, the genetic structure of modern EA populations is one of the most complicated puzzles in human diversity worldwide. Similarly, the widespread Afro‐Asiatic (AA) linguistic phylum reaches its highest levels of internal differentiation in EA. To disentangle this complex ethno‐linguistic pattern, we studied mtDNA variability in 1,671 individuals (452 of which were newly typed) from 30 EA populations and compared our data with those from 40 populations (2970 individuals) from Central and Northern Africa and the Levant, affiliated to the AA phylum. The genetic structure of the studied populations—explored using spatial Principal Component Analysis and Model‐based clustering—turned out to be composed of four clusters, each with different geographic distribution and/or linguistic affiliation, and signaling different population events in the history of the region. One cluster is widespread in Ethiopia, where it is associated with different AA‐speaking populations, and shows shared ancestry with Semitic‐speaking groups from Yemen and Egypt and AA‐Chadic‐speaking groups from Central Africa. Two clusters included populations from Southern Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania. Despite high and recent gene‐flow (Bantu, Nilo‐Saharan pastoralists), one of them is associated with a more ancient AA‐Cushitic stratum. Most North‐African and Levantine populations (AA‐Berber, AA‐Semitic) were grouped in a fourth and more differentiated cluster. We therefore conclude that EA genetic variability, although heavily influenced by migration processes, conserves traces of more ancient strata. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Small‐Molecule Lipid‐Bilayer Anion Transporters for Biological Applications
Authors: Busschaert Nathalie , Gale Philip A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe development of small‐molecule lipid‐bilayer anion transporters for potential future use in channel replacement therapy for the treatment of diseases caused by dysregulation of anion transport (such as cystic fibrosis), and in treating cancer by perturbing chemical gradients within cells, thus triggering apoptosis, is an area of intense current interest. This Minireview looks at recent developments in the design of small‐molecule transmembrane anion transporters and focuses on the progress so far in employing these compounds in biological systems.
Novel Mannich Bases, 5‐Arylimidazolidine‐2,4‐dione Derivatives with Dual 5‐HT1A Receptor and Serotonin Transporter Affinity
Authors: Czopek Anna , Kołaczkowski Marcin , Bucki Adam , Byrtus Hanna , Pawłowski Maciej , Siwek Agata , Bojarski Andrzej J. , Bednarski Marek , Wróbel Dagmara , Wesołowska Anna 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA computer aided ligand design study of imidazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives was conducted in order to obtain compounds with dual 5‐HT1A receptor and serotonin transporter (SERT) affinity. According to molecular modeling results, series of Mannich bases were chosen and synthesized. Investigated compounds were tested for 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT2A, α1 and SERT affinity. Two selected compounds (5, 9) were characterized in functional experiments and possessed a pharmacological profile which may enhance SERT blocking efficacy – 5‐HT1A partial agonism and 5‐HT2A antagonism in one molecule. Furthermore these compounds displayed satisfactory selectivity over adrenergic α1 receptors. The most promising compounds, 5‐arylimidazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives with 4‐(3‐chlorophenyl)piperazinylmethyl moiety were tested for antidepressant and anxiolytic activity. In particular, compound 5 (5‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐{1‐[4‐(3‐chlorophenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]methyl}‐imidazolidine‐2,4‐dione), tested in the forced swim test in mice, exhibited a favorable antidepressant‐like profile without affecting spontaneous locomotor activity.
Improving outcomes of living-donor right hepatectomy
Authors: Kim S H , Kim Y K 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Complication rates of living-donor right hepatectomy remain a matter of major concern. The aim of this study was to achieve near-zero morbidity for living-donor right hepatectomy in a single centre.

Methods
All living donors who underwent right hepatectomy between January 2005 and September 2011 were enrolled in this retrospective study. During this interval, modifications in surgical technique and management included upper midline laparotomy, use of wound protectors, hanging manoeuvre during parenchymal transection using Glisson's approach, no intraoperative cholangiography, no intensive care unit stay after surgery, no central venous catheterization, and reduction in systemic heparin dose before graft removal. Donor characteristics, operative outcomes and complications graded according to Clavien's classification were recorded.

Results
A total of 300 donors were enrolled and these were divided into three groups of 100 operated on in consecutive time periods. Groups were comparable with regard to donor characteristics. The overall complication rate was 16·0 per cent, with no deaths. From group 1 to group 3, the duration of operation (P &lt; 0·001), length of hospital stay (P &lt; 0·001), and rate of overall (P &lt; 0·001) and grade IIIb (P = 0·019) complications decreased significantly. In the most recent group, the morbidity rate was 3·0 per cent without any major complications, reoperation or blood transfusions. All donors recovered completely.

Conclusion
This study suggests that near-zero morbidity may be reached after right hepatectomy in carefully selected living donors by continuous refinement of surgical technique and management.
Population-based study of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery 2006–2008
Authors: Taylor E F , Thomas J D , Whitehouse L E , Quirke P , Jayne D , Finan P J , Forman D , Wilkinson J R , Morris E J A 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Clinical guidelines recommend that, where clinically appropriate, laparoscopic tumour resections should be available for patients with colorectal cancer. This study aimed to examine the introduction of laparoscopic surgery in the English National Health Service.

Methods
Data were extracted from the National Cancer Data Repository on all patients who underwent major resection for a primary colorectal cancer diagnosed between 2006 and 2008. Laparoscopic procedures were identified from codes in the Hospital Episode Statistics and National Bowel Cancer Audit Project data in the resource. Trends in the use of laparoscopic surgery and its influence on outcomes were examined.

Results
Of 58 135 resections undertaken over the study period, 10 955 (18·8 per cent) were attempted laparoscopically. This increased from 10·0 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 8·1 to 12·0) per cent in 2006 to 28·4 (25·4 to 31·4) per cent in 2008. Laparoscopic surgery was used less in patients with advanced disease (modified Dukes' stage ‘D’ versus A: odds ratio (OR) 0·45, 95 per cent c.i. 0·40 to 0·50), rectal tumours (OR 0·71, 0·67 to 0·75), those with more co-morbidity (Charlson score 3 or more versus 0: OR 0·69, 0·58 to 0·82) or presenting as an emergency (OR 0·15, 0·13 to 0·17). A total of 1652 laparoscopic procedures (15·1 per cent) were converted to open surgery. Conversion was more likely in advanced disease (modified Dukes' stage ‘D’ versus A: OR 1·56, 1·20 to 2·03), rectal tumours (OR 1·29, 1·14 to 1·46) and emergencies (OR 2·06, 1·54 to 2·76). Length of hospital stay (OR 0·65, 0·64 to 0·66), 30-day postoperative mortality (OR 0·55, 0·48 to 0·64) and risk of death within 1 year (hazard ratio 0·60, 0·55 to 0·65) were reduced in the laparoscopic group.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic surgery was used more frequently in low-risk patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Energetic Properties of Closed Shell XFn (X: Cl, Br, and I; n = 1—7) and XOnFm (X: Cl, Br, and I; n = 1—3; m = 0—6) Molecules and Ions Leading to Stability Predictions for Yet Unknown Compounds.
Authors: Thanthiriwatte K. Sahan , Vasiliu Monica , Dixon David A. , Christe Karl O. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAtomization energies at 0 K and heats of formation at 0 and 298 K are calculated for the title halogen fluorides and oxofluorides using a composite electronic structure approach based on CCSD(T) computations extrapolated to the complete basis set limit.