bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic and clinical factors associated with referrals and compliance to biopsy of oral and maxillofacial lesions
Authors: Czerninski Rakefet , Zadik Yehuda , Vered Marilena , Becker Talia , Yahalom Ran , Derazne Estela , Aframian Doron J. , Almoznino Galit 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundThe gold standard for diagnosing oral disease is tissue biopsy. Data regarding compliance with advised oral and maxillofacial (OMF) biopsy are scarce.PurposeTo quantify compliance and evaluate the demographics and clinical factors associated with referrals and compliance with OMF biopsy procedures.MethodsMedical records of military personnel referred for a biopsy (RB; N = 669) of OMF lesions over a 4‐year period were studied retrospectively. These patients were divided into performed the biopsy (PB; N = 386) and not perform biopsy (NPB; N = 283) groups. Demographic and clinical features were analyzed, and demographics were compared to a control group of general military personnel (N > 100 000).ResultsThe RB group differed from the control group regarding age >21 (OR = 1.681, P < 0.001) and education >12 years of schooling (OR = 1.545, P < 0.001). Differences between the PB and NPB groups related to the clinical features of the lesion but not to demographic parameters. Exophytic and suspected potentially malignant/malignant lesions were positively associated with higher compliance to biopsy (OR = 1.75, P = 0.004 and OR = 2.18, P = 0.017, respectively).ConclusionReferrals to biopsy of OMF lesions are significantly influenced by age and education, whereas compliance is influenced by clinical features or suspected malignancy. Clinicians and health authorities should be aware of non‐compliance, enhance awareness to biopsy as the gold standard in the diagnostic workup of OMF lesions, and closely monitor compliance patterns of patients with clinical and demographic risk factors.
UV emissions from low energy artificial light sources
Authors: Fenton Leona , Moseley Harry 
Published: December 2013

SummaryEnergy efficient light sources have been introduced across Europe and many other countries world wide. The most common of these is the Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL), which has been shown to emit ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are an alternative technology that has minimal UV emissions. This brief review summarises the different energy efficient light sources available on the market and compares the UV levels and the subsequent effects on the skin of normal individuals and those who suffer from photodermatoses.
Sunscreens – what is the ideal testing model?
Authors: Cole Curtis 
Published: December 2013

SummarySunscreen protection assessment methodologies have been evolving in tandem with the innovation and evolution of sunscreen products themselves; from initial human testing in the Swiss Alps, to laboratory testing with high intensity solar simulators, to spectrophotometers with modern CCD array photocells and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques. The progress in the science leads regulatory development of standard methods, and provides new and improved ways to assess sunscreen protection properties. This review scans much of the history of the development of these methods and highlights the latest development in non‐invasive sunscreen testing as an opportunity to improve accuracy while eliminating human UV exposures.
Virtually simulated social pressure influences early visual processing more in low compared to high autonomous participants
Authors: Trautmann‐Lengsfeld Sina Alexa , Herrmann Christoph Siegfried 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn a previous study, we showed that virtually simulated social group pressure could influence early stages of perception after only 100 ms. In the present EEG study, we investigated the influence of social pressure on visual perception in participants with high (HA) and low (LA) levels of autonomy. Ten HA and ten LA individuals were asked to accomplish a visual discrimination task in an adapted paradigm of Solomon Asch. Results indicate that LA participants adapted to the incorrect group opinion more often than HA participants (42% vs. 30% of the trials, respectively). LA participants showed a larger posterior P1 component contralateral to targets presented in the right visual field when conforming to the correct compared to conforming to the incorrect group decision. In conclusion, our ERP data suggest that the group context can have early effects on our perception rather than on conscious decision processes in LA, but not HA participants.
Masked priming and ERPs dissociate maturation of orthographic and semantic components of visual word recognition in children
Authors: Eddy Marianna D. , Grainger Jonathan , Holcomb Phillip J. , Mitra Priya , Gabrieli John D. E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study examined the time‐course of reading single words in children and adults using masked repetition priming and the recording of event‐related potentials. The N250 and N400 repetition priming effects were used to characterize form‐ and meaning‐level processing, respectively. Children had larger amplitude N250 effects than adults for both shorter and longer duration primes. Children did not differ from adults on the N400 effect. The difference on the N250 suggests that automaticity for form processing is still maturing in children relative to adults, while the lack of differentiation on the N400 effect suggests that meaning processing is relatively mature by late childhood. The overall similarity in the children's repetition priming effects to adults' effects is in line with theories of reading acquisition, according to which children rapidly transition to an orthographic strategy for fast access to semantic information from print.
Geostatistical Survival Models for Environmental Risk Assessment with Large Retrospective Cohorts
Authors: Jiang Huan , Brown Patrick E. , Rue Håvard , Shimakura Silvia 
Published: December 2013

SummaryMotivated by the problem of cancer risk assessment near a nuclear power generating station, the paper describes a methodology for fitting a spatially correlated survival model to large retrospective cohort data sets. Retrospective cohorts, which can be assembled inexpensively from population-based health databases, can partially account for lags between exposures and outcome of chronic diseases such as cancer. These data sets overcome one of the principal limitations of cross-sectional spatial analyses, though performing statistical inference requires accommodating censored and truncated event times as well as spatial dependence. The use of spatial survival models for large retrospective cohorts is described, and Bayesian inference using Markov random-field approximations and integrated nested Laplace approximations is presented. The method is applied to data from individuals living near Pickering Nuclear Generating Station in Canada, showing that the effect of ambient radiation on cancer is not statistically significant.
Development by Dispossession: Terra Nullius and the Social‐Ecology of New Enclosures in Ethiopia
Authors: Makki Fouad 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOne of the alarming features of the intersection of the world economic crisis with the global food and energy crises has been the tidal wave of large‐scale land acquisitions it has unleashed. By enclosing the village commons and extinguishing the customary rights of smallholders, these land grabs are accelerating trends toward large‐scale industrial farming and tenure rearrangements favoring international agribusiness. This article situates these developments in the social space of Ethiopia and a specific historical context of transformations in state and property relations. By critically analyzing the designation of the commons as empty or underutilized spaces awaiting redemptive development, it highlights the ways in which the legitimizing claims of terra nullius efface the complex ecologies and distinctive spatial dynamics of social reproduction in the zones designated for enclosures.
Co‐culture of Spleen Stromal Cells with Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Leads to the Generation of A Novel Macrophage Subset
Authors: Wang X. , Li Y. , Xiao H. , Zhang X. , Cao J. , Zhang D. , Zhang J. , Li X. , Shen B. , Wang Q. , Shi Y. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMacrophages adopt diverse activation states depending on the microenvironment. Recently, stromal cells have been demonstrated to be organizers of the microenvironment. Here, using splenic stromal cells to mimic the splenic microenvironment in vivo, we show that spleen stromal cells can programme bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells to differentiate and polarize into a novel macrophage subset. These differentiated macrophages (Diff‐Mφ) exhibited pronounced production of IL‐10, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, but diminished the production of IL‐12 in response to LPS. The generation of Diff‐Mφ depended on cell–cell contact as well as on soluble factors. Diff‐Mφ directly suppressed the antigen‐non‐specific (CD3/CD28) CD4+ T cell proliferative response and induced cell death of activated CD4+ T cells. As for cytokine production in CD4+ T cells, Diff‐Mφ promoted IL‐10 and IL‐17 production, whereas inhibited IL‐4 production and did not alter IFN‐γ production. Besides, Diff‐Mφ also expressed iNOS, CD16/CD32, CD54, CD43, CCR7, CD44, PD‐L1 and FasL, which might be involved in the function of Diff‐Mφ. These results suggest that splenic microenvironment may physiologically induce a novel type of macrophages differentiation.
Antibodies to Influenza VirusA/H1N1 Hemagglutinin in Type 1 Diabetes Children Diagnosed Before, During and After the SWEDISHA(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccination Campaign 2009–2010
Authors: Svensson M. , Ramelius A. , Nilsson A.‐L. , Delli A. J. , Elding Larsson H. , Carlsson A. , Forsander G. , Ivarsson S. A. , Ludvigsson J. , Kockum I. , Marcus C. , Samuelsson U. , Örtqvist E. , Lernmark Å. ,   the Better Diabetes Diagnosis (BDD) study group
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe determinedA/H1N1‐hemagglutinin (HA) antibodies in relation toHLA‐DQgenotypes and islet autoantibodies at clinical diagnosis in 1141 incident 0.7‐to 18‐year‐old type 1 diabetes patients diagnosed April 2009–December 2010. Antibodies to35S‐methionine‐labelledA/H1N1 hemagglutinin were determined in a radiobinding assay in patients diagnosed before (n = 325), during (n = 355) and after (n = 461) the October 2009–March 2010 SwedishA(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination campaign, along withHLA‐DQgenotypes and autoantibodies againstGAD, insulin,IA‐2 and ZnT8 transporter. Before vaccination, 0.6% patients hadA/H1N1‐HAantibodies compared with 40% during and 27% after vaccination (P < 0.0001). In children <3 years of age, A/H1N1‐HAantibodies were found only during vaccination. The frequency of A/H1N1‐HAantibodies during vaccination decreased after vaccination among the 3 < 6 (P = 0.006) and 13 < 18 (P = 0.001), but not among the 6 < 13‐year‐olds.HLA‐DQ2/8 positive children <3 years decreased from 54% (15/28) before and 68% (19/28) during, to 30% (9/30) after vaccination (P = 0.014). Regardless of age,DQ2/2; 2/X (n = 177) patients had lower frequency (P = 0.020) and levels (P = 0.042) ofA/H1N1‐HAantibodies compared with non‐DQ2/2; 2/X (n = 964) patients.GADAfrequency was 50% before, 60% during and 51% after vaccination (P = 0.009). ZnT8QAfrequency increased from 30% before to 34% during and 41% after vaccination (P = 0.002). Our findings suggest that young (<3 years) along withDQ2/2; 2/Xpatients were low responders to Pandemrix®. As the proportion ofDQ2/8 patients <3 years of age decreased after vaccination and the frequencies ofGADAand ZnT8QAwere enhanced, it cannot be excluded that the vaccine affected clinical onset of type 1 diabetes.
ASVCP guidelines: quality assurance for point‐of‐care testing in veterinary medicine
Authors: Flatland Bente , Freeman Kathleen P. , Vap Linda M. , Harr Kendal E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPoint‐of‐care testing (POCT) refers to any laboratory testing performed outside the conventional reference laboratory and implies close proximity to patients. Instrumental POCT systems consist of small, handheld or benchtop analyzers. These have potential utility in many veterinary settings, including private clinics, academic veterinary medical centers, the community (eg, remote area veterinary medical teams), and for research applications in academia, government, and industry. Concern about the quality of veterinary in‐clinic testing has been expressed in published veterinary literature; however, little guidance focusing on POCT is available. Recognizing this void, the ASVCP formed a subcommittee in 2009 charged with developing quality assurance (QA) guidelines for veterinary POCT. Guidelines were developed through literature review and a consensus process. Major recommendations include (1) taking a formalized approach to POCT within the facility, (2) use of written policies, standard operating procedures, forms, and logs, (3) operator training, including periodic assessment of skills, (4) assessment of instrument analytical performance and use of both statistical quality control and external quality assessment programs, (5) use of properly established or validated reference intervals, (6) and ensuring accurate patient results reporting. Where possible, given instrument analytical performance, use of a validated 13s control rule for interpretation of control data is recommended. These guidelines are aimed at veterinarians and veterinary technicians seeking to improve management of POCT in their clinical or research setting, and address QA of small chemistry and hematology instruments. These guidelines are not intended to be all‐inclusive; rather, they provide a minimum standard for maintenance of POCT instruments in the veterinary setting.
ASVCPguidelines: allowable total error guidelines for biochemistry
Authors: Harr Kendal E. , Flatland Bente , Nabity Mary , Freeman Kathleen P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAs all laboratory equipment ages and contains components that may degrade with time, initial and periodically scheduled performance assessment is required to verify accurate and precise results over the life of the instrument. As veterinary patients may present to general practitioners and then to referral hospitals (both of which may each perform in‐clinic laboratory analyses using different instruments), and given that general practitioners may send samples to reference laboratories, there is a need for comparability of results across instruments and methods. Allowable total error (TEa) is a simple comparative quality concept used to define acceptable analytical performance. These guidelines are recommendations for determination and interpretation ofTEafor commonly measured biochemical analytes in cats, dogs, and horses for equipment commonly used in veterinary diagnostic medicine.TEavalues recommended herein are aimed at all veterinary settings, both private in‐clinic laboratories using point‐of‐care analyzers and larger reference laboratories using more complex equipment. They represent the largestTEa possible without generating laboratory variation that would impact clinical decision making.TEacan be used for (1) assessment of an individual instrument's analytical performance, which is of benefit if one uses this information during instrument selection or assessment of in‐clinic instrument performance, (2) Quality Control validation, and (3) as a measure of agreement or comparability of results from different laboratories (eg, between the in‐clinic analyzer and the reference laboratory). These guidelines define a straightforward approach to assessment of instrument analytical performance.
Level of acceptance of solid organ xenotransplantation among personnel in Spanish, Mexican, and Cuban hospitals
Authors: Ríos Antonio , Martínez‐Alarcón Laura , López‐Navas Ana , Ayala‐García Marcos , Sebastián Mª José , Abdo‐Cuza Anselmo , Ramírez Ector Jaime , Muñoz Gerardo , Palacios Gerardo , Suárez‐López Juliette , Castellanos Ricardo , González Beatriz , Martínez Miguel Ángel , Díaz Ernesto , Nieto Adrián , Ramis Gillermo , Ramírez Pablo , Parrilla Pascual 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundXenotransplantation is still a long way from becoming a clinical reality. However, in an emergency situation, it could be used as a bridge for replacing vital organs until the arrival of a human organ. To analyze the attitude toward xenotransplantation among hospital personnel from several hospitals in Spain and Latin America.MethodsA random sample stratified according to the type of hospital and job category (n = 2618) in 10 hospitals in three different countries: Spain (n = 821), Mexico (n = 1595), and Cuba (n = 202). A validated questionnaire (PCID—XenoTx Rios) was self‐administered and completed anonymously by the respondents.ResultsIf the results of xenotransplantation were similar to those achieved using human donor organs, 61% (n = 1591) of the respondents would be in favor, while 9% (n = 234) would be against and 30% (n = 793) would be unsure.The analysis of the variables affecting attitude toward xenotransplantation revealed that attitude varied according to the country of reference and was more favorable among personnel in Cuban hospitals (70% a favor) than in Spanish (57%) and Mexican ones (62%; P = 0.000). However, these differences are mainly determined by job category with the physicians having the most favorable attitude. The ancillary staff, in contrast, had the least favorable attitude (76 vs. 51% respectively; P = 0.000). Of the remaining variables, attitude is significantly related to variables connected to human donation: attitude toward the different kinds of human organ donation (deceased [P < 0.001] and living [P < 0.001]), the possibility of needing a transplant oneself in the future (P < 0.001), and attitude toward donating the organs of a deceased family member (P = 0.004).ConclusionsA third of healthcare personnel from several hospitals are not in favor of xenotransplantation. It is necessary to provide more information about the matter, especially in hospitals where there is a preclinical xenotransplantation program or where there is access to one, such as in the hospitals in this study.
Application of Satellite Data for Evaluating the Cold Climate Performance of the Canadian Regional Climate Model over Québec, Canada
Authors: Wang Libo , MacKay Murray , Brown Ross , Bartlett Paul , Harvey Richard , Langlois Alexandre 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This study evaluates key aspects of the snow cover, cloud cover, and radiation budget simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model, version 4 (CRCM4), coupled with two versions of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS). CRCM4 coupled with CLASS version 2.7 has been used operationally at Ouranos since 2006, while, more recently, CRCM4 has been coupled experimentally with CLASS 3.5, which includes a number of improvements to the representation of snow cover processes. The simulations showed evidence of a systematic cold temperature bias. Evaluation of cloud cover and radiation fluxes with satellite data suggests this bias is related to insufficient cloud radiative forcing from a combination of underestimated cloud cover, excessive cloud albedo, and too low cloud emissivity in the model. This cold bias is reinforced by a positive snow albedo feedback manifest through earlier snow cover onset in the fall and early winter period. Snow albedo was found to be very sensitive to the treatment of albedo refresh but insignificantly influenced by the partitioning of solid precipitation in CLASS. This study demonstrates that atmospheric forcing can exert a significant impact on the simulation of snow cover and surface albedo. The results highlight the need to evaluate parameterizations in land surface models designed for climate models in fully coupled mode.
Features and treatment modality of iliopsoas abscess and its outcome: a 6-year hospital-based study
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Shun , Huang Shih-Che , Loh El-Wui , Tsai Che-An , Hung Ying-Ying , Tsan Yu-Tse , Huang Jin-An , Wang Lee-Min , Hu Sung-Yuan 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Percutaneous drainage (PCD) and surgical intervention are two primary treatment options for iliopsoas abscess (IPA). However, there is currently no consensus on when to use PCD or surgical intervention, especially in patients with gas-forming IPA. This study compared the characteristics of patients with gas-forming and non-gas forming IPA and their mortality rates under different treatment modalities. An algorithm for selecting appropriate treatment for IPA patients is proposed based on our findings.

Methods
Eighty-eight IPA patients between July 2007 and February 2013 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients < 18 years of age or with an incomplete course of treatment were excluded. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of different treatment approaches were compared between gas-forming IPA and non-gas forming IPA patients.

Results
Among the 88 enrolled patients, 27 (31%) had gas-forming IPA and 61 (69%) had non-gas forming IPA. The overall intra-hospital mortality rate was 25%. The gas-forming IPA group had a higher intra-hospital mortality rate (12/27, 44.0%) than the non-gas forming IPA group (10/61, 16.4%) (P < 0.001). Only 2 of the 13 patients in the gas-forming IPA group initially accepting PCD had a good outcome (success rate = 15.4%). Three of the 11 IPA patients with failed initial PCD expired, and 8 of the 11 patients with failed initial PCD accepted salvage operation, of whom 5 survived. Seven of the 8 gas-forming IPA patients accepting primary surgical intervention survived (success rate = 87.5%). Only 1 of the 6 gas-forming IPA patients who accepted antibiotics alone, without PCD or surgical intervention, survived (success rate = 16.7%). In the non-gas forming IPA group, 23 of 61 patients initially accepted PCD, which was successful in 17 patients (73.9%). The success rate of PCD was much higher in the non-gas forming group than in the gas-forming group (P <0.01).

Conclusions
Based on the high failure rate of PCD and the high success rate of surgical intervention in our samples, we recommend early surgical intervention with appropriate antibiotic treatment for the patients with gas-forming IPA. Either PCD or primary surgical intervention is a suitable treatment for patients with non-gas forming IPA.