bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interspecies ecological competition rejuvenates decayed Geobacter electroactive biofilm
Authors: Ye Yin , Zhang Lu , Hong Xiaohui , Chen Man , Liu Xing , Zhou Shungui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) exploit electroactive biofilms (EABs) for promising applications in biosensing, wastewater treatment, energy production, and chemical biosynthesis. However, during the operation of BESs, EABs inevitably decay. Seeking approaches to rejuvenate decayed EABs is critical for the sustainability and practical application of BESs. Prophage induction has been recognized as the primary reason for EAB decay. Herein, we report that introducing a competitive species of Geobacter uraniireducens suspended prophage induction in Geobacter sulfurreducens and thereby rejuvenated the decayed G. sulfurreducens EAB. The transcriptomic profile of G. sulfurreducens demonstrated that the addition of G. uraniireducens significantly affected the expression of metabolism- and stress response system-related genes and in particular suppressed the induction of phage-related genes. Mechanistic analyses revealed that interspecies ecological competition exerted by G. uraniireducens suppressed prophage induction. Our findings not only reveal a novel strategy to rejuvenate decayed EABs, which is significant for the sustainability of BESs, but also provide new knowledge for understanding phage–host interactions from an ecological perspective, with implications for developing therapies to defend against phage attack.
An Alternative Microbiological Validation for an Online Water Bioburden Analyzer
Authors: Venhuizen Olivia L , Martindale Cynthia E , Liew Feng Jin , Cannon James , Samanta Arundhati , Scaramozzino Mike J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The Mettler-Toledo 7000RMS analyzer is a bio-fluorescent particle counter (BFPC) used to monitor real-time bioburden results from purified water (PW).

Objective
Validation of the analyzer using 13 microorganisms and a low-intensity, fluorescent, polystyrene bead.

Methods
During the execution of the validation, a laboratory water system that met PW quality standards was connected to the 7000RMS, and a syringe pump was used to introduce various concentrations of microorganisms and fluorescent polystyrene beads to the analyzer. Samples were collected and tested via the traditional membrane filtration (MF) method and the colony-forming unit (CFU) plate count results were compared to the auto-fluorescent unit (AFU) of the 7000RMS analyzer. The validation study was designed to follow the guidance in United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Chapter &lt;1223&gt;, European Pharmacopeia (EP) Chapter 5.1.6, and parenteral drug association (PDA) Technical Report 33. Concepts and strategies were adapted from EP Chapter 2.6.12 Microbiological Examination of Non-Sterile Products: Microbial Enumeration Tests, EP Chapter 10.2, EP Chapter 2.6.1 Sterility, USP Chapter &lt;61&gt; Microbiological Examination of Non-Sterile Products: Microbial Enumeration Tests, USP Chapter &lt;71&gt; Sterility Tests, and Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) General Information Chapter G8 Water: Quality Control of Water for Pharmaceutical Use.

Results
All pre-determined validation acceptance criteria for accuracy, specificity, precision, LOD, LOQ, linearity, and range were met.

Conclusions
The 7000RMS demonstrated performance equivalence to the MF method per USP &lt;1223&gt; but characteristically lacked correlation to the CFU.

Highlights
This validation approach highlights the superior capabilities of the 7000RMS when compared against the traditional compendial MF testing method for PW.
Mucormycosis Superinfection of a Chemical Burn
Authors: Cochran-Caggiano Nicholas C , Paolo William , Dolinak Joan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Mucormycosis is an uncommon infection but is increasing in prevalence. Cutaneous disease is associated with burns and traumatic injuries. Cutaneous mucormycosis is the least deadly form but mortality is still approximately 36%. Burn superinfection with mucormycosis is increasingly common and can be an insidious process that may not present until the disease disseminates. We present the case of a 30-year-old male who presented to the emergency department for a rash. A rash with yellow crusting was noted to involve his scalp, face, ear, right shoulder, and parts of both feet. He had been placed on antibiotics by an urgent care a few days prior to presenting. He denied systemic symptoms, chemical exposure, change in detergent, autoimmune diseases, or travel. The patient has a history of intravenous opioid and dissociative abuse and had multiple episodes of syncope—including at his work in a factory where there were hot metals, refrigerants, and numerous corrosive chemicals. Surgical debridement revealed mucormycosis on pathology. The patient was treated with isavuconazole, surgical debridement, and skin grafting. He experienced complete recovery.
A new species of the bathyal yeti crab genus Kiwa Macpherson, Jones & Segonzac, 2005 (Decapoda: Anomura: Kiwaidae) from a hydrothermal vent field in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, with a key to the genus
Authors: Liu Xinming , Lin Jinlan , Mendoza Jose C E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A new species of yeti crab is described from a hydrothermal vent field near the equatorial Eastern Pacific Rise (EPR)-Galapagos Microplate at a depth of 1,628 m. Kiwa gemman. sp. is the fifth species of the family Kiwaidae Macpherson, Jones & Segonzac, 2005 to be described thus far. The new species can be distinguished from other congeners by having the lateral margin of chelipeds without spines, slender and mostly straight chelar fingers, and the spinose mesial margin of the endopod of the uropod. Also notable are the unique short, stiff, scaly-tipped setae on the antennal peduncles and chelipeds, which have not been reported to occur in congeners. A key to the species of the genus KiwaMacpherson, Jones & Segonzac, 2005 is provided.
The Making of Social Democracy: the Economic and Electoral Consequences of Norway’s 1936 Folk School Reform
Authors: Acemoglu Daron , Pekkarinen Tuomas , Salvanes Kjell G , Sarvimäki Matti 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Upon assuming power for the first time in 1935, the Norwegian Labour Party delivered on its promise for a major schooling reform. The reform raised minimum instruction time in less-developed rural areas and boosted the resources available to rural schools, reducing class size, and raising teacher salaries. We show that cohorts more intensively affected by the reform increased their education and experienced higher labor income. Our main result is that the schooling reform also boosted support for the Norwegian Labour Party in subsequent elections. This additional support persisted for several decades and was pivotal in maintaining support for the social democratic coalition in Norway. These results are not driven by the direct impact of education and are not explained by higher turnout, or greater attention or resources from the Labour Party targeted toward the municipalities most affected by the reform. Rather, our evidence suggests that cohorts that benefited from the schooling reform, and their parents, rewarded the party for delivering a major reform that was beneficial to them.
Parameter Optimization in Cluster Identification Algorithms for Characterizing Nanoclusters in Al–Mg–Si–Cu Alloys
Authors: Song MinYoung , Kobayashi Equo , Kim JaeHwang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Optimization of user-defined parameters (Dmax, Nmin, order (K)) in the Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm, used to characterize nanoclusters in Al–0.9% Mg–1.0% Si–0.3% Cu (mass %), was conducted. Ten combinations of parameters with a given K were considered for samples naturally aged (NA) and preaged (PA) at 100°C. We confirmed four types of unphysical clusters, artificially formed, by analyzing composition with size, atomic density, and atomic arrangement inside clusters. The optimum combinations minimizing those unphysical clusters were obtained for both NA and PA samples. Meanwhile, to evaluate the reliability of the optimum combination, volume rendering and isosurfacing were performed. As a result, regions of high solute concentration were confirmed, and those regions are in good agreement with the position of the clusters obtained by applying the optimum combination in DBSCAN. Furthermore, by comparing the optimum combinations with the fixed parameters widely used until now, we showed that for each dataset, considering independent parameters obtained in the same method is desirable rather than using fixed parameters. Consequently, an idea of determining the algorithm parameters for characterizing the nanoclusters in Al–Mg–Si(–Cu) alloys was introduced.
The Prevalence of Bullying
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Because bullying is ubiquitous, we need to be aware of its occurrence, sometimes concurrently, across different social settings, including the home, school, workplace, neighborhood, cyberspace, and dating relationships. This chapter provides data, derived from cross-national surveys, highlighting the wide range of prevalence of bullying across nations. Furthermore, it offers a glimpse of some sociodemographic characteristics found to be linked to bullying. Because current epidemiologic data on bullying is limited, future surveys will need to be implemented periodically to track trends in national and regional occurrence of youth participation in bullying, as well as to determine the national frequency and characteristics of workplace victimization. Research should be developed to investigate the prevalence of bullying and other forms of victimization among individuals of all ages being evaluated in medical settings.
Morbidity Associated with Bullying and Other Forms of Victimization
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A substantial body of research has highlighted a significant link between bullying (and other forms of victimization) and a wide range of health problems. Almost three-quarters of the studies are based on cross-sectional surveys conducted on nonclinical populations of children and adolescents. This line of investigation has found that participation in victimization, as a target and/or as a perpetrator, can be significantly associated with an array of physical and emotional expressions of morbidity, including headaches, irritability, depression, anxiety, insomnia, nightmares, backache, stomachache, musculoskeletal pain, inflammation, abnormal weight gain, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inattention, dissociation, intrusive memories, psychotic symptoms, and injuries. There is a need for future studies, based on clinical populations, to further assess the scope and prevalence of symptoms and other expressions of morbidity associated with exposure to different forms of bullying and other types of victimization. Furthermore, it is important to medical and public health that future clinical research determines the prevalence of diagnostic entities that may precede or be the outcome of exposure to, or participation in, victimization, either by serving as a moderating factor or by being the expression of toxicity.
Victimization in Competitive Sports
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the nature, frequency, and risks associated with maltreatment occurring in competitive sports. The maltreatment affects high school and college students, professional players/athletes, coaches, sports officials, and spectators. The chapter reviews what is known about bullying and other types of victimization, focusing on physical aggression in foul play, brawls, violence against sport officials, and spectator violence, especially football hooliganism. It also looks at published studies addressing sexual violence, emotional abuse, hazing, discrimination, and neglect in competitive sports. Future research should aim to ascertain the prevalence of all forms of maltreatment affecting high school and college students participating in competitive sports. Furthermore, there is a need to ascertain the health risks linked to exposure to victimization in sports, as well as to advance strategies for its prevention and detection.
Witnessing Bullying and Other Forms of Maltreatment
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the public health significance of witnessing incidents of bullying and other forms of maltreatment beyond what has been advocated on behalf of the role of the bystander in prevention strategies. In this context, this last segment of the book reviews what is known about the prevalence and health risks of direct witnessing of bullying occurring in school, internet, or workplace; victimization in the family or community as well as indirect exposure to victimization through the victim’s narrative or while watching television news. There is a need for future efforts to be taken to develop longitudinal studies to further the understanding of the health impact of witnessing victimization, while controlling for the effects of the witness having been previously victimized. Also, we should investigate the effects of indirect exposure to victimization through the victim’s account during friends’ conversations or during a narrative by a group therapy member. Furthermore, we ought to consider including the notion of witnessing bullying or other forms maltreatment in the spectrum of poly-victimization; incorporating anamnesis about witnessing victimization as part of the clinical detection of morbidity related to bullying and other forms of victimization as well as preventing witnessing victimization during treatment of bullying related morbidity, to avoid re-victimization
Brain Gene Regulatory Networks Coordinate Nest Construction in Birds
Authors: Fang Yi-Ting , Kuo Hao-Chih , Chen Cheng-Yu , Chou Shen-Ju , Lu Chia-Wei , Hung Chih-Ming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nest building is a vital behavior exhibited during breeding in birds, and is possibly induced by environmental and social cues. Although such behavioral plasticity has been hypothesized to be controlled by adult neuronal plasticity, empirical evidence, especially at the neurogenomic level, remains limited. Here, we aim to uncover the gene regulatory networks that govern avian nest construction and examine whether they are associated with circuit rewiring. We designed an experiment to dissect this complex behavior into components in response to pair bonding and nest material acquisition by manipulating the presence of mates and nest materials in 30 pairs of zebra finches. Whole-transcriptome analysis of 300 samples from five brain regions linked to avian nesting behaviors revealed nesting-associated gene expression enriched with neural rewiring functions, including neurogenesis and neuron projection. The enriched expression was observed in the motor/sensorimotor and social behavior networks of female finches, and in the dopaminergic reward system of males. Female birds exhibited predominant neurotranscriptomic changes to initiate the nesting stage, while males showed major changes after entering this stage, underscoring sex-specific roles in nesting behavior. Notably, major neurotranscriptomic changes occurred during pair bonding, with minor changes during nest material acquisition, emphasizing social interactions in nest construction. We also revealed gene expression associated with reproductive behaviors and tactile sensing for nesting behavior. This study presents novel neurogenomic evidence supporting the hypothesis of adult neural plasticity underlying avian nest-construction behavior. By uncovering the genetic toolkits involved, we offer novel insights into the evolution of animals’ innate ability to construct nests.
Exploring the Accuracy and Limits of Algorithms for Localizing Recombination Breakpoints
Authors: Cen Shi , Rasmussen David A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Phylogenetic methods are widely used to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships among species and individuals. However, recombination can obscure ancestral relationships as individuals may inherit different regions of their genome from different ancestors. It is, therefore, often necessary to detect recombination events, locate recombination breakpoints, and select recombination-free alignments prior to reconstructing phylogenetic trees. While many earlier studies have examined the power of different methods to detect recombination, very few have examined the ability of these methods to accurately locate recombination breakpoints. In this study, we simulated genome sequences based on ancestral recombination graphs and explored the accuracy of three popular recombination detection methods: MaxChi, 3SEQ, and Genetic Algorithm Recombination Detection. The accuracy of inferred breakpoint locations was evaluated along with the key factors contributing to variation in accuracy across datasets. While many different genomic features contribute to the variation in performance across methods, the number of informative sites consistent with the pattern of inheritance between parent and recombinant child sequences always has the greatest contribution to accuracy. While partitioning sequence alignments based on identified recombination breakpoints can greatly decrease phylogenetic error, the quality of phylogenetic reconstructions depends very little on how breakpoints are chosen to partition the alignment. Our work sheds light on how different features of recombinant genomes affect the performance of recombination detection methods and suggests best practices for reconstructing phylogenies based on recombination-free alignments.
MRNIP limits ssDNA gaps during replication stress
Authors: Bennett Laura G , Vernon Ellen G , Thanendran Vithursha , Jones Caryl M , Gamble Amelia , Staples Christopher J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Replication repriming by the specialized primase-polymerase PRIMPOL ensures the continuity of DNA synthesis during replication stress. PRIMPOL activity generates residual post-replicative single-stranded nascent DNA gaps, which are linked with mutagenesis and chemosensitivity in BRCA1/2-deficient models, and which are suppressed by replication fork reversal mediated by the DNA translocases SMARCAL1 and ZRANB3. Here, we report that the MRE11 regulator MRNIP limits the prevalence of PRIMPOL and MRE11-dependent ssDNA gaps in cells in which fork reversal is perturbed either by treatment with the PARP inhibitor Olaparib, or by depletion of SMARCAL1 or ZRANB3. MRNIP-deficient cells are sensitive to PARP inhibition and accumulate PRIMPOL-dependent DNA damage, supportive of a pro-survival role for MRNIP linked to the regulation of gap prevalence. In MRNIP-deficient cells, post-replicative gap filling is driven in S-phase by UBC13-mediated template switching involving REV1 and the TLS polymerase Pol-ζ. Our findings represent the first report of modulation of post-replicative ssDNA gap dynamics by a direct MRE11 regulator.
Maternal Smoking Prevalence in Brazil in 2013 and 2019: Not What We Expected When They Were Expecting!
Authors: Szklo André Salem , Grilo Graziele , Drope Jeffrey 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Monitoring tobacco use during pregnancy is critical for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We examined changes between 2013 and 2019 in the relative differences in smoking prevalence rates between pregnant and nonpregnant women aged 18–49 years.

Aims and Methods
We used data from a nationally representative health survey conducted in Brazil in 2013 and 2019. A generalized linear model with binomial family and logarithmic link function was used to estimate, for each year of analysis, the crude and adjusted (by age group, educational attainment, place of residence, and status of protection from passive smoking at home) relative differences.

Results
In 2013, the proportion point estimate of tobacco use among pregnant women was lower than that observed among nonpregnant women (4.7% vs. 9.6%). However, in 2019 proportion point estimates were virtually the same (8.5% vs. 8.4%). After adjustment for selected variables, in 2013, smoking prevalence among pregnant women was 42% (p-value ≤ .05) lower than that observed among nonpregnant women. On the other hand, in 2019, maternal smoking prevalence was 13% (p-value &gt; .05) higher than that found among nonpregnant women.

Conclusions
Ongoing tobacco industry interference and the marketing of tobacco products to vulnerable populations pose serious threats to public health and likely contribute to increasing maternal smoking prevalence. The fact that women smoke in such an important phase of their and their unborn children’s lives reinforces the need to strengthen the implementation of concurrent tobacco control actions, including tobacco excise tax policy and prenatal tobacco prevention and cessation interventions as part of health professionals’ routine consultation.

Implications
The decline in smoking prevalence among nonpregnant women between 2013 and 2019 was accompanied by an increase in maternal smoking prevalence. Monitoring tobacco use during pregnancy is critical for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Ongoing tobacco industry interference and the marketing of tobacco products to vulnerable populations in Brazil pose serious threats to public health. The fact that women smoke in such an important phase of their and their unborn children’s lives reinforces the need to strengthen the implementation of concurrent tobacco control actions, including tobacco excise tax policy and primary healthcare professionals´ tobacco-related assistance during interaction with their patients.
Gastrointestinal cancer and occupational diesel exhaust exposure: a meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Collatuzzo G , Teglia F , Boffetta P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Diesel exhaust exposure and cancer other than the lungs have been limitedly investigated.

Aims
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and gastrointestinal cancers.

Methods
Two researchers performed a systematic literature review to identify all cohort studies on occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and risk of cancers other than lung. Of the 30 retained studies, 10 reported risk estimates for oesophageal, 18 on gastric, 15 on colon and 14 on rectal cancer. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ever-exposure to diesel exhaust.

Results
We calculated summary RR = 1.08 (95% CI 0.97–1.21, P heterogeneity = 0.06) for oesophageal, 1.06 (95% CI 0.99–1.14, P &lt; 0.001) for gastric, 0.98 (95% CI 0.96–1.00, P = 0.453) for colon, and RR = 1.04 (95% CI 0.97–1.11, P = 0.013) for rectal cancer. Drivers showed an association with oesophageal (RR = 1.26, 95% CI 0.99–1.62), gastric (RR = 1.20, 95% CI 0.91–1.59) and rectal cancer (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.13–1.75); machine operators with oesophageal (RR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.00–1.20) and gastric (RR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.10–1.20) and handlers with oesophageal cancer (RR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.23–3.09). Studies from Europe revealed an association with gastric cancer while those from North America did not (P &lt; 0.05). No difference was found by quality score except for gastric cancer, where high-quality studies but not low-quality ones showed increased risk (P heterogeneity = 0.04). There was no evidence of publication bias.

Conclusions
An increased but insignificant risk of oesophageal, gastric and rectal, but not colon cancer, was suggested in workers exposed to diesel exhaust. Residual confounding cannot be excluded.