Abstract 1490: Matrigel rescues breast cancer cells from the growth inhibitory effects of HIF-1α and HIF-2α silencing
Authors: Bharti Santosh K. , Krishnamachary Balaji , Zhu Wenlian , Wildes Flonne , Mironchik Yelena , Kakkad Samata M. , Artemov Dmitri , Bhujwalla Zaver M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are frequently hypoxic and result in the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1/2) that transcriptionally activate genes involved in invasion, metastasis, metabolism and angiogenesis [1]. The role of hypoxia and the contribution of HIF in the angiogenic switch leading to tumor progression and resistance to treatment are well documented. This angiogenic response to HIF activity is largely mediated through activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Noninvasive characterization of the loss of both isoform of HIFs (HIF-1α & HIF-2α) on tumor vascularization is relatively unexplored. Here we investigated the effect of HIF silencing on tumor growth in the presence or absence of Matrigel that resembles the complex extracellular matrix (ECM) found in most tumors and determined its effect on tumor vasculature using noninvasive MRI.
MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells expressing shRNA against both HIF-1α and HIF-2α (231-DK) were established as previously described [2]. In vivo studies were performed using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells expressing an empty vector control (231-EV) and 231-DK cells implanted in the mammary fat pad of female SCID mice. Tumor growth curves were obtained from cells inoculated either in 0.05 ml of Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS) or together with Matrigel solution (8.8 mg/ml). All MRI studies were performed on a 9.4T Bruker Biospec horizontal bore scanner. 3D maps of vascular volume (V/V) and permeability (VP) were obtained using a rapid gradient-echo sequence and albumin-GdDTPA (0.5 g/kg) as the contrast agent (CA). A proton density (PD) image was acquired prior to CA injection, using a 3D gradient echo sequence, with TE/TR = 1.5/10 ms and 3° flip angle and analysis of the images were performed as previously described [3].
Exposure to hypoxia showed no increase in HIF-1 or 2α protein expression in 231-DK compared to 231-EV cells. A significant growth advantage of the 231-DK cells in vivo was observed when inoculated in the presence of Matrigel compared to 231-DK in HBSS. Growth advantage of tumors in the presence of Matrigel was less dramatic for 231-EV cells. When inoculated with Matrigel, 3D reconstructed maps of 231-DK tumors showed significantly increased VP compared to 231-EV tumors with no difference in the VV. Increased vascular permeability in tumors derived from 231-DK cells compared to tumors derived from 231-EV cells can be attributed to VEGF in the Matrigel that is known to exhibit paracrine effects. These data suggest that ECM components may modulate molecular targeting and highlight the importance of the tumor microenvironment in modifying HIF silencing effects. Work is under way to analyze the effects on the metastatic burden in these systems.
References: 1. Semenza, Trends in Mol. Med, 2002; 2. Krishnamachary et al., PLoS One, 2012; 3. Zhu et al., Magn Reson Mater Physics, 2014.
Supported by NIH R01CA136576 and P50 CA103175.
Citation Format: Santosh K. Bharti, Balaji Krishnamachary, Wenlian Zhu, Flonne Wildes, Yelena Mironchik, Samata M. Kakkad, Dmitri Artemov, Zaver M. Bhujwalla. Matrigel rescues breast cancer cells from the growth inhibitory effects of HIF-1α and HIF-2α silencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1490. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1490