bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advising as Teaching: Establishing Outcomes, Developing Tools, and Assessing Student Learning
Authors: Hurt Robert L. 
Published: July 2013

In every way that matters, advising is a form of teaching. Using Bloom's (1956) taxonomy of educational outcomes, I explain how to develop learning objectives within advising contexts. The article also suggests commonly available educational materials, such as university catalogs, as content delivery mechanisms for students; in addition, it offers ideas such as reading guides and on-line lectures. Finally, I explain how to assess student learning, that is, how to determine the extent to which students' learning outcomes mirror the objectives established by the advisor.
Relative Emphasis: practice, theory, research
Adding Insight to Intrusive Advising and Its Effectiveness with Students on Probation
Authors: Vander Schee Brian A. 
Published: July 2013

In this study, I examined the effectiveness of adding insight-oriented strategies to an intrusive academic-advising approach with students on academic probation. Twenty males and 22 females at a comprehensive private university participated in the study. Students who attended three to eight meetings had a significant improvement in semester GPA compared to students who attended one or two meetings or no meetings. This study suggests that insight-oriented intrusive advising had a positive affect on academic achievement; however, other factors, such as motivation, may also play a role and are worthy of future investigation.
Relative Emphasis: research, practice, theory
Institutional Vision at Proprietary Schools: Advising for Profit
Authors: Abelman Robert , Dalessandro Amy , Janstova Patricie , Snyder-Suhy Sharon 
Published: July 2013

A college or university's general approach to students and student support services, as reflected in its institutional vision, can serve to advocate the adoption of one type of advising structure, approach, and delivery system over another. A content analysis of a nationwide sample of institutional vision statements from NACADA-membership colleges and universities was performed. Findings suggest that for-profit institutions are driven by an outcome-oriented, pragmatic mission statement rather than the complex, compelling vision statement often employed by traditional nonprofit institutions. The customer-service model of the former places priority on student affairs, but in the form of highly centralized prescriptive academic-advising operations. Implications for all academic institutions are discussed.Relative Emphasis: research, practice, theory
Academic Advisors' Learning Styles: Establishing a Baseline and Examining Implications
Authors: Uhlik Kim S. , Jones Pamela E. 
Published: July 2013

The influence of students' learning styles has been increasingly recognized as an integral component of effective higher education; therefore, application of learning styles to academic advising is equally relevant. As academic advisors address student learning styles in the hope of promoting greater student success, the contribution of advisors' own learning styles has received little attention. In addition to establishing a critical baseline, analyzing the learning style profiles of 30 academic advisors reveals that, although composite advisor learning style scores show substantial congruence with an a priori model, the disparity between any two individual advisor's contrasting styles was as much as 90%, leaving only a 10% learning style compatibility on which to base the advising process.Relative Emphasis: research, practice, theory
Why Students Persist in College: A Categorical Analysis
Authors: KRAMER GARY L. , MOSS RICHARD D. , TAYLOR LARRY T. , HENDRIX LELAND J. 
Published: July 2013

Institutions must renew their emphasis on serving the needs of the individual. They should devote equal enthusiasm and resources to both recruitment and retention. Students are not likely to persist at an institution that does not seek to understand and fulfill individual student needs. Though students may be successfully recruited, those who lack awareness of institutional expectations and services, those who lack adequate preparation for college work, and, those who attend college only to fulfill the expectations of others, are likely to leave the institution if it fails to assist them during the early transitional period of their association. However, students who believe in the quality and responsiveness of the institution are far more likely to persist.
Generally, retention research exists in two forms. Either the study is designed to measure the effectiveness of retention programs implemented, or it seeks to establish cause and effect relationships between one or several variables and leaving school. This study presents the results of research which concentrated on the latter. It also sought to determine the differences between “persisters” and “leavers” in relation to their goals of attending college, and the effects of social and academic integration, associated with institutional commitment. Subpopulations including freshmen, transfer, continuing, graduated and former non- graduated students were studied. Implications of the research for student services are presented.
The influence of stem length and fixation on initial femoral component stability in revision total knee replacement
Authors: Conlisk N. , Gray H. , Pankaj P. , Howie C. R. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesOrthopaedic surgeons use stems in revision knee surgery to obtain stability when metaphyseal bone is missing. No consensus exists regarding stem size or method of fixation. This in vitro study investigated the influence of stem length and method of fixation on the pattern and level of relative motion at the bone–implant interface at a range of functional flexion angles.MethodsA custom test rig using differential variable reluctance transducers (DVRTs) was developed to record all translational and rotational motions at the bone–implant interface. Composite femurs were used. These were secured to permit variation in flexion angle from 0° to 90°. Cyclic loads were applied through a tibial component based on three peaks corresponding to 0°, 10° and 20° flexion from a normal walking cycle. Three different femoral components were investigated in this study for cementless and cemented interface conditions.ResultsRelative motions were found to increase with flexion angle. Stemmed implants reduced relative motions in comparison to stemless implants for uncemented constructs. Relative motions for cemented implants were reduced to one-third of their equivalent uncemented constructs.ConclusionsStems are not necessary for cemented implants when the metaphyseal bone is intact. Short cemented femoral stems confer as much stability as long uncemented stems.
Design and manufacture of a novel system to simulate the biomechanics of basic and pitching shoulder motion
Authors: Entezari V. , Della Croce U. , DeAngelis J. P. , Ramappa A. J. , Nazarian A. , Trechsel B. L. , Dow W. A. , Stanton S. K. , Rosso C. , Müller A. , McKenzie B. , Vartanians V. , Cereatti A. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesCadaveric models of the shoulder evaluate discrete motion segments using the glenohumeral joint in isolation over a defined trajectory. The aim of this study was to design, manufacture and validate a robotic system to accurately create three-dimensional movement of the upper body and capture it using high-speed motion cameras.MethodsIn particular, we intended to use the robotic system to simulate the normal throwing motion in an intact cadaver. The robotic system consists of a lower frame (to move the torso) and an upper frame (to move an arm) using seven actuators. The actuators accurately reproduced planned trajectories. The marker setup used for motion capture was able to determine the six degrees of freedom of all involved joints during the planned motion of the end effector.ResultsThe testing system demonstrated high precision and accuracy based on the expected versus observed displacements of individual axes. The maximum coefficient of variation for displacement of unloaded axes was less than 0.5% for all axes. The expected and observed actual displacements had a high level of correlation with coefficients of determination of 1.0 for all axes.ConclusionsGiven that this system can accurately simulate and track simple and complex motion, there is a new opportunity to study kinematics of the shoulder under normal and pathological conditions in a cadaveric shoulder model.
Characteristics of two different locking compression plates in the volar fixation of complex articular distal radius fractures
Authors: von Recum J. , Matschke S. , Jupiter J. B. , Ring D. , Souer J-S. , Huber M. , Audigé L. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives To investigate the differences of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of complex AO Type C distal radius fractures between two different models of a single implant type. Methods A total of 136 patients who received either a 2.4 mm (n = 61) or 3.5 mm (n = 75) distal radius locking compression plate (LCP DR) using a volar approach were followed over two years. The main outcome measurements included motion, grip strength, pain, and the scores of Gartland and Werley, the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH). Differences between the treatment groups were evaluated using regression analysis and the likelihood ratio test with significance based on the Bonferroni corrected p-value of < 0.003. Results The groups were similar with respect to baseline and injury characteristics as well as general surgical details. The risk of experiencing a complication after ORIF with a LCP DR 2.4 mm was 18% (n = 11) compared with 11% (n = 8) after receiving a LCP DR 3.5 mm (p = 0.45). Wrist function was also similar between the cohorts based on the mean ranges of movement (all p > 0.052) and grip strength measurements relative to the contralateral healthy side (p = 0.583). In addition, DASH and SF-36 component scores as well as pain were not significantly different between the treatment groups throughout the two-year period (all p ≥ 0.005). No patient from either treatment group had a step-off > 2 mm. Conclusions Differences in plate design do not influence the overall final outcome of fracture fixation using LCP.
Biomechanical effects of hardware configuration after union of proximal femoral and shaft fractures
Authors: Swinteck B. J. , Phan D. L. , Jani J. , Owen J. R. , Wayne J. S. , Mounasamy V. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesThe use of two implants to manage concomitant ipsilateral femoral shaft and proximal femoral fractures has been indicated, but no studies address the relationship of dynamic hip screw (DHS) side plate screws and the intramedullary nail where failure might occur after union. This study compares different implant configurations in order to investigate bridging the gap between the distal DHS and tip of the intramedullary nail.MethodsA total of 29 left synthetic femora were tested in three groups: 1) gapped short nail (GSN); 2) unicortical short nail (USN), differing from GSN by the use of two unicortical bridging screws; and 3) bicortical long nail (BLN), with two angled bicortical and one unicortical bridging screws. With these findings, five matched-pairs of cadaveric femora were tested in two groups: 1) unicortical long nail (ULN), with a longer nail than USN and three bridging unicortical screws; and 2) BLN. Specimens were axially loaded to 22.7 kg (50 lb), and internally rotated 90°/sec until failure.ResultsFor synthetic femora, a difference was detected between GSN and BLN in energy to failure (p = 0.04) and torque at failure (p = 0.02), but not between USN and other groups for energy to failure (vs GSN, p = 0.71; vs BLN, p = 0.19) and torque at failure (vs GSN, p = 0.55; vs BLN, p = 0.15). For cadaveric femora, ULN and BLN performed similarly because of the improvement provided by the bridging screws.ConclusionsOur study shows that bicortical angled screws in the DHS side plate are superior to no screws at all in this model and loading scenario, and suggests that adding unicortical screws to a gapped construct is probably beneficial.
The modified tibial tubercle osteotomy for anterior knee pain due to chondromalacia patellae in adults
Authors: Jack C. M. , Rajaratnam S. S. , Khan H. O. , Keast-Butler O. , Butler-Manuel P. A. , Heatley F. W. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of a modified tibial tubercle osteotomy as a treatment for arthroscopically diagnosed chondromalacia patellae.MethodsA total of 47 consecutive patients (51 knees) with arthroscopically proven chondromalacia, who had failed conservative management, underwent a modified Fulkerson tibial tubercle osteotomy. The mean age was 34.4 years (19.6 to 52.2). Pre-operatively, none of the patients exhibited signs of patellar maltracking or instability in association with their anterior knee pain. The minimum follow-up for the study was five years (mean 72.6 months (62 to 118)), with only one patient lost to follow-up.ResultsA total of 50 knees were reviewed. At final follow-up, the Kujala knee score improved from 39.2 (12 to 63) pre-operatively to 57.7 (16 to 89) post-operatively (p < 0.001). The visual analogue pain score improved from 7.8 (4 to 10) pre-operatively to 5.0 (0 to 10) post-operatively. Overall patient satisfaction with good or excellent results was 72%. Patients with the lowest pre-operative Kujala score benefitted the most. Older patients benefited less than younger ones. The outcome was independent of the grade of chondromalacia. Six patients required screw removal. There were no major complications.ConclusionsWe conclude that this modification of the Fulkerson procedure is a safe and useful operation to treat anterior knee pain in well aligned patellofemoral joints due to chondromalacia patellae in adults, when conservative measures have failed.
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Danish version of the Oxford hip score
Authors: Paulsen A. , Odgaard A. , Overgaard S. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives The Oxford hip score (OHS) is a 12-item questionnaire designed and developed to assess function and pain from the perspective of patients who are undergoing total hip replacement (THR). The OHS has been shown to be consistent, reliable, valid and sensitive to clinical change following THR. It has been translated into different languages, but no adequately translated, adapted and validated Danish language version exists. Methods The OHS was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Danish from the original English version, using methods based on best-practice guidelines. The translation was tested for psychometric quality in patients drawn from a cohort from the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register (DHR). Results The Danish OHS had a response rate of 87.4%, no floor effect and a 19.9% ceiling effect (as expected in post-operative patients). Only 1.2% of patients had too many items missing to calculate a sum score. Construct validity was adequate and 80% of our predefined hypotheses regarding the correlation between scores on the Danish OHS and the other questionnaires were confirmed. The intraclass correlation (ICC) of the different items ranged from 0.80 to 0.95 and the average limits of agreement (LOA) ranged from -0.05 to 0.06. The Danish OHS had a high internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.99 and an average inter-item correlation of 0.88. Conclusions This Danish version of the OHS is a valid and reliable patient-reported outcome measurement instrument (PROM) with similar qualities to the original English language version.
Skepticism, Belief, and the Criterion of Truth
Authors: Schwab Whitney 
Published: July 2013

Abstract This paper deals with Pyrrhonian skepticism. It argues that the central argument presented by Jonathan Barnes in favor of the view that skepticism precludes the possession of any belief fails. In brief, Barnes maintains that, because skepticism requires suspending judgment whether criteria of truth exist, no skeptic can, consistently with her skepticism, possess a criterion of truth; this entails, he argues, that no skeptic can make any judgments about anything and, hence, cannot come to possess any beliefs. I evaluate this argument in two ways: first, if we understand criteria of truth along the lines proposed by Sextus’ Hellenistic opponents, the argument fails because such criteria were introduced to guarantee that at least some of our beliefs could count as knowledge, and not to guarantee the very possibility of making judgments in the first place. Second, if we broaden our conception of a criterion of truth, such that a criterion is any standard against which an impression can be evaluated, the argument fails because it equivocates on the notion of ‘possession’. On the one hand, in the sense in which someone must possess such a criterion in order to make judgments, the skeptic’s suspension of judgment concerning their existence does not entail that she does not possess a criterion of truth. On the other hand, in the sense in which the skeptic does not possess such a criterion, possession of a criterion of truth is not a necessary condition for making judgments. Thus, I conclude that the skeptics’ epistemic attitude towards the existence of criteria of truth (i.e. suspension of judgment) does not entail that skeptics cannot possess any beliefs.
Aggregation and fusion of low-density lipoproteins in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Lu Mengxiao , Gursky Olga 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLow-density lipoproteins (LDLs, also known as ‘bad cholesterol’) are the major carriers of circulating cholesterol and the main causative risk factor of atherosclerosis. Plasma LDLs are 20- to 25-nm nanoparticles containing a core of cholesterol esters surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and a single copy of apolipoprotein B (550 kDa). An early sign of atherosclerosis is the accumulation of LDL-derived lipid droplets in the arterial wall. According to the widely accepted ‘response-to-retention hypothesis’, LDL binding to the extracellular matrix proteoglycans in the arterial intima induces hydrolytic and oxidative modifications that promote LDL aggregation and fusion. This enhances LDL uptake by the arterial macrophages and triggers a cascade of pathogenic responses that culminate in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Hence, LDL aggregation, fusion, and lipid droplet formation are important early steps in atherogenesis.In vitro, a variety of enzymatic and nonenzymatic modifications of LDL can induce these reactions and thereby provide useful models for their detailed analysis. Here, we summarize current knowledge of thein vivoandin vitromodifications of LDLs leading to their aggregation, fusion, and lipid droplet formation; outline the techniques used to study these reactions; and propose a molecular mechanism that underlies these pro-atherogenic processes. Such knowledge is essential in identifying endogenous and exogenous factors that can promote or prevent LDL aggregation and fusionin vivoand to help establish new potential therapeutic targets to decelerate or even block these pathogenic reactions.
Want More Value from Prescription Drugs? We Need to Let Prices Rise and Fall
Authors: Goldman Dana P. , Leive Adam , Lakdawalla Darius 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The high price of some cancer drugs has recently come under attack by the medical profession. We examine the reasons behind the pricing strategies of cancer drugs. On the one hand, prices should reflect value and research demonstrates that the health benefits from novel cancer drugs have been enormous in terms of additional years of life patients can now enjoy. This provides some justification for the high price tag of these drugs. On the other hand, drug pricing is also a product of a hidebound reimbursement system that does a poor job in letting prices adjust to new information about value. Regulators set thresholds for cost-effectiveness, which establishes not only a price ceiling but also a price floor. Manufacturers often price drugs high at launch in efforts to recoup their initial investment, but a more efficient system would allow prices to both rise and fall over time. Removing distortions in the reimbursement system is crucial to ensuring continued success in saving lives.
Influence of gallic acid on oxidative stress-linked streptozotocin-induced pancreatic dysfunction in diabetic rats
Authors: Kade Ige Joseph , Ogunbolude Yetunde , Kamdem Jean Paul , Rocha João Batista Teixeira 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background: Recent advances in diabetic research involve the evaluation of agents that can regenerate or reverse pancreatic dysfunction. Although gallic acid (GA) has been reported as an antidiabetic agent, its ability to directly reverse altered biochemical parameters in diabetic pancreas has not been demonstrated.

Methods: Male albino rats with diabetes induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were treated with oral administration of GA. Antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic), purinergic enzymes, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and lactate dehydrogenase were evaluated in the pancreas of both diabetic and nondiabetic animals.

Results: The pharmacological effect of GA was accompanied by a restoration of the observed decreased levels of vitamin C and reduced glutathione in the pancreas of STZ-treated rats. GA also caused a marked reduction in the high levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances observed in the STZ-induced diabetic group. Furthermore, GA also improves the free radical scavenging property, Fe2+ chelating ability and Fe3+ reducing property of the pancreas of diabetic animals. Finally, the inhibition of pancreatic catalase, glutathione S-transferase, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and lactate dehydrogenase and increased activity of purinergic enzymes accompanied by hyperglycemia were prevented by GA in the pancreas.

Conclusions: The direct influence and consequent restoration of altered biochemical conditions in the pancreatic tissue of diabetic animal models by GA makes it a promising antidiabetic candidate especially in pancreatic cell regeneration.
Acrolein-induced inflammatory signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells requires activation of serum response factor (SRF) and NFκB
Authors: Newaz Mohammad , Yousefipour Zivar 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background: Modulation of inflammatory signaling has been elucidated in several disease models. Acrolein, an environmental pollutant, has been linked to diseases such as atherosclerosis and to the inflammatory process involving nuclear factor κB (NFκB). Serum response factor (SRF), a transcription factor, regulates cell development, differentiation and proliferation through signaling molecules such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and CD36. We hypothesized that acrolein toxicity involves SRF in the process of activating NFκB and may involve CD36/ERK1/2.

Methods: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were exposed to acrolein (0.5 μg/mL) in the presence or absence of 10 nM QNZ (NFκB inhibitor), 300 nM CCG1423 (SRF inhibitor) and 50 μM PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor). Protein and RNA were isolated. Changes in expression were determined by Western blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array.

Results: Subtoxic doses of acrolein increased ERK1/2, SRF and NFκB protein expression, whereas CD36 expression was unchanged. Increase in NFκB expression was accompanied by an increase in activity. ERK1/2 inhibition only blunted SRF expression. SRF inhibition blunted NFκB expression but not that of ERK1/2. CD36 expression was unchanged in the presence of either inhibitor. PCR array analysis indicated up-regulation of nine genes (>4- to 50-fold) and down-regulation of six genes (>4- to 12-fold) involved in inflammatory signaling.

Conclusions: We propose that SRF is required in acrolein activation of NFκB and is ERK1/2 dependent.