bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introgression browser: high‐throughput whole‐genome SNP visualization
Authors: Aflitos Saulo Alves , Sanchez‐Perez Gabino , de Ridder Dick , Fransz Paul , Schranz Michael E. , de Jong Hans , Peters Sander A. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBreeding by introgressive hybridization is a pivotal strategy to broaden the genetic basis of crops. Usually, the desired traits are monitored in consecutive crossing generations by marker‐assisted selection, but their analyses fail in chromosome regions where crossover recombinants are rare or not viable. Here, we present the Introgression Browser (iBrowser), a bioinformatics tool aimed at visualizing introgressions at nucleotide or SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) accuracy. The software selects homozygous SNPs from Variant Call Format (VCF) information and filters out heterozygous SNPs, multi‐nucleotide polymorphisms (MNPs) and insertion–deletions (InDels). For data analysis iBrowser makes use of sliding windows, but if needed it can generate any desired fragmentation pattern through General Feature Format (GFF) information. In an example of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) accessions we visualize SNP patterns and elucidate both position and boundaries of the introgressions. We also show that our tool is capable of identifying alien DNA in a panel of the closely related S. pimpinellifolium by examining phylogenetic relationships of the introgressed segments in tomato. In a third example, we demonstrate the power of the iBrowser in a panel of 597 Arabidopsis accessions, detecting the boundaries of a SNP‐free region around a polymorphic 1.17 Mbp inverted segment on the short arm of chromosome 4. The architecture and functionality of iBrowser makes the software appropriate for a broad set of analyses including SNP mining, genome structure analysis, and pedigree analysis. Its functionality, together with the capability to process large data sets and efficient visualization of sequence variation, makes iBrowser a valuable breeding tool.
Pedagogy and world Englishes: The legacy of Yamuna Kachru
Authors: BERNS MARGIE 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTFrom the beginning of world Englishes (WE) as a field of study, Yamuna Kachru was a strong advocate for users of English in all circles. She consistently argued for language teaching and for language acquisition research that would acknowledge the diverse bilingual and multilingual contexts in which English is learned and used. This paper considers just four of her areas of interest as they pertain to language pedagogy and world Englishes: the interlanguage hypothesis and fossilization, discourse studies, contrastive rhetoric, and the sociolinguistic realities of learners and teachers. The conclusion offers touchstones from her work to inspire future research.
Grammar and culture in the work of Yamuna Kachru
Authors: DAVIS DANIEL R. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper examines Professor Yamuna Kachru's construction of grammar in the context of work that adopted a number of different approaches to linguistics, each with its proper data, methodology, and theoretical concerns. These approaches are the standard theory of generative grammar, relational grammar, and grammar from the perspectives of discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, and systemic functional (Hallidayan) linguistics. Throughout her research and publications on grammar and culture, Professor Kachru's work challenges and extends traditional linguistics in a creative and innovative fashion, providing a unique contribution to our understanding of Hindi and English, and to that of grammar and of culture.
Plurality and world Englishes: The social realities of language use
Authors: HILGENDORF SUZANNE K. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn spite of decades of scholarship on plurality and in particular Englishes, discussion in some academic quarters in recent years has questioned this fundamental aspect of language/English use, with some coming to view plurality (of Englishes) in fact as marginalizing and segregating (cf. Bruthiaux 2003; Pennycook 2003, 2008; Saraceni 2010; Ur 2010). In light of now nearly four decades of scholarship on world Englishes (WE), by Yamuna Kachru as well as innumerable other scholars, this paper revisits the core concepts that form the foundation for plurality and consequently WE, concepts that must be addressed if plurality (of Englishes) is to be challenged. The discussion revisits the numerous foundational concepts in (socio)linguistics for WE, and gives particular consideration to the notion of the speech community in light of the higher degree of mobility and virtual interaction in the contemporary era.
Yamuna Kachru's contributions to South Asian discourse and convergence studies
Authors: Henrich Hock Hans 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe range of Yamuna Kachru's publications is tremendously broad, ranging from language pedagogy, to South Asian – especially Hindi – syntax and syntactic typology, to discourse in South Asian and other languages, to the broader issue of South Asia and world Englishes. This paper focuses on a number of those aspects of her work that have stimulated my own work on several facets of South Asian linguistics, and presents a personal perspective on Professor Kachru's work in this arena.
Directives in Japanese: Evidence from signs
Authors: MORROW PHILLIP R. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis study deals with the description and analysis of directives in Japanese. Data is drawn from public signs and announcements. The study is organized around two issues: the linguistic forms associated with directives and the use of graphics. Regarding linguistic forms, there was found to be a strong tendency for directives to be framed as requests. Imperative forms were avoided and other strong forms used infrequently. Although the directives were impersonal, being directed at a general audience, there was a clear concern with mitigating the face‐threat of directives. This was evident in the preference for framing directives as requests, in the avoidance of imperative forms, and in the prefacing of directives by explanations or statements of purpose. One distinctive characteristic was the use of the ‐mashoo (‘let's’) form for directives. This use can be attributed to politeness concerns and a sense of empathy. Graphics, usually in the forms of caricatures and cartoon‐like characters, were often used on signs with directives. The association of graphics with directives is related to the popularity of anime and manga in Japanese culture, where they are used not only for entertainment, but instruction.
Mapping Yamunaji's linguistic landscape research: Cartographies in context, culture and class
Authors: PANDEY ANJALI 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe current paper pays intellectual homage to a prolific scholar whose contributions to world Englishes need formal acknowledgement. Current linguistic landscape research it is argued stands to gain from Yamuna Kachru's timely theorizations. This paper situates Kachru's forty‐six year‐research within the chronoscope of her own evolving scholarly career to demonstrate the provocative implications of her brand of research. Her theorizations stand poised to re‐revolutionize the field's acknowledgement of linguistic rights particularly in regard to peripherally acknowledged, yet semiotically salient variables of pertinence to current research namely, context, culture and class which her research assiduously, indeed, meticulously sought to study.
Yamuna Kachru's contribution to linguacultural studies
Authors: PROSHINA ZOYA G. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper summarizes the major theses Professor Yamuna Kachru developed in the field of linguaculture: the relations between language and culture, role of English diversity in enriching speaker's worldview, dependence of language dynamics on the change of the sociocultural context; cultural specifics of text types; the culture's effects on cognition; impact of social conventions and linguistic strategies on intercultural communication, and role of contact literature in enriching English user's background knowledge. All these arguments serve as a solid basis for the world Englishes paradigm closely associated with intercultural communication studies.
Speech act, politeness, the Yamuna Kachru model
Authors: SMITH LARRY E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTYamuna Kachru's work on politeness (2003a, 2008b) and the various forms it takes in different cultures is foundational and should be studied by everyone researching any aspect of cross‐cultural communication. Her personal and professional life demonstrated her profound understanding of the phenomena of politeness. She was, for me, politeness personified but that in no way prevented her from correcting errors in her students’ work or challenging her colleagues when she disagreed with them. Using the title of this paper as something she would not have readily accepted, I review her understanding of speech act theory (1991a, 1991b,1992b, 1994a, 1995d, 1998b) and principles of politeness.
Colonization, indigenization, and the differential evolution of English: Some ecological perspectives
Authors: MUFWENE SALIKOKO S. 
Published: February 2015

ABSRACTThis paper provides an overview of research on the emergence of creoles and pidgins, how these are related to ‘indigenized Englishes,’ and whether these evolutions have occurred in fundamentally different ways from other colonial English varieties such as North American and Australian Englishes. The findings of this research strongly suggest that, from an ecological perspective, similar processes of language contact are crucial to the development of not only creoles and pidgins and world Englishes, but to all languages. In this perspective, creoles and pidgins should not be disenfranchised as examples of ‘abnormal’ varieties, but instead recognized as instances of natural language evolution.
Importance of defining experimental conditions in a mouse excisional wound model
Authors: Park Shin Ae , Covert Jill , Teixeira Leandro , Motta Monica J , DeRemer Sara L , Abbott Nicholas L , Dubielzig Richard , Schurr Michael , Isseroff Roslyn Rivkah , McAnulty Jonathan F , Murphy Christopher J 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe murine dorsum dermal excisional wound model has been widely utilized with or without splint application. However, variations in experimental methods create challenges for direct comparison of results provided in the literature and for design of new wound healing studies. Here, we investigated the effects of wound location and size, number of wounds, type of adhesive used for splint fixation on wound healing using splinted or unsplinted dorsum excisional full thickness wound models. One or two 6‐ or 8‐mm full thickness wounds were made with or without splinting in genetically diabetic but heterozygous mice (Dock7m + / + Leprdb). Two different adhesives: tissue adhesive and an over the counter cyanoacrylate adhesive (OTCA) “Krazy glue” were used to fix splints. Wound contraction, wound closure, and histopathological parameters including reepithelialization, collagen deposition and inflammation were compared between groups. No significant effect of wound number (1 vs. 2), side (left vs. right and cranial vs. caudal) or size on wound healing was observed. The OTCA group had a significantly higher splint success compared to the tissue adhesive group that resulted in significantly higher reepithelialization and collagen deposition in the OTCA group. Understanding the outcomes and effects of the variables will help investigators choose appropriate experimental conditions for the study purpose and interpret data.
Experimental Investigation of Unsteady Flow in a Transonic Uni-Stage Axial Compressor
Authors: Kumar S. Satish , Alone Dilipkumar Bhanudasji , Thimmaiah Shobhavathy M. , Mudipalli Janaki Rami Reddy , Ganguli Ranjan , Kandagal S. B. , Jana Soumendu 
Published: February 2015

Detailed steady and unsteady experimental measurements and analysis were performed on a Single stage Transonic Axial Compressor with asymmetric rotor tip clearance for studying the compressor stall phenomena. The installed compressor had asymmetric tip clearance around the rotor casing varying from about 0.65mm to 1.25mm. A calibrated 5-hole aerodynamic probe was traversed radially at exit of rotor and showed the characteristics of increased flow angle at lower mass flow rates for all the speeds. Mach number distribution and boundary layer effects were also clearly captured. Unsteady measurements for velocity were carried out to study the stall cell behavior using a single component calibrated hotwire probe oriented in axial and tangential directions for choke/free flow and near stall conditions.
The hotwire probe was traversed radially across the annulus at inlet to the compressor and showed that the velocity fluctuations were dissimilar when probe was aligned axial and tangential to the flow. Averaged velocities across the annulus showed the reduction in velocity as stall was approached. Axial mean flow velocity decreased across the annulus for all the speeds investigated. Tangential velocity at free flow condition was higher at the tip region due to larger radius. At stall condition, the tangential velocity showed decreased velocities at the tip and slightly increased velocities at the hub section indicating that the flow has breakdown at the tip region of the blade and fluid is accelerated below the blockage zone. The averaged turbulent intensity in axial and tangential flow directions increased from free flow to stall condition for all compressor rated speeds. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the raw signals at stall flow condition showed stall cell and its corresponding frequency of occurrence. The stalling frequency of about half of rotational speed of the rotor along with large tip clearance suggests that modal type stall inception was occurring.
Influence of Labyrinth Seal Leakage on the Turbine Support Cooling
Authors: Vinogradov Alexandr S. , Badykov Renat R. 
Published: February 2015

This paper presents a study of the seal of supporting element in aviation engines with consideration of the mutual influence of its leakage on parameters of internal air system and engine oil system. A method of seal leakage calculation was developed. It connects engine thermogasdynamics calculation, airflow hydraulics calculation and structural analysis of deformed parts. The main sources of heat transferred to the supporting element were determined; their numerical values and percentages for the compressor and turbine were also determined.
This paper provides options of cooling the turbine support for realization of this method. A way of cooling the support determines the quantity of heat supplied to the support. Thus, this article analyzes the sources of heat. Comparison the amount of heat from different sources also is carried out. The amount of heat is defined the temperature of the cooling air. The article provides a comparison of calculation results for different temperatures of the cooling air. After selecting the geometry of the seal system, and determining of the total amount of heat, single seal from the system was researched.
The main purpose of the paper is to explain the design of a single seal as part of whole seal system, which is used to cool the support of the aircraft engine.
Nacelle: Air Intake Aerodynamic Design and Inlet Compatibility
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Wu Yadong , Wang Zhonglin , Wang Anjenq 
Published: February 2015

One of the most challenging operating conditions to be certified for FAR33 & FAR25 requirements is ground crosswind condition. When “Engine” is operated using the designed inlet and nacelle, within the flight envelope, could accommodate inlet separation/distortion resulted from crosswind and high angle-of-attack operating conditions. Inlet flow separation and distortion could trigger fan or core stall, as well as induce high fan and/or engine vibrations. The air induction system or inlet of the engine is designed to provide velocity and pressure distributions with minimum distortion and maximum pressure recovery to the propulsion system. Engine-inlet-airframe compatibility is one of the major tasks required to be evaluated in detail during the engine developing phase.
This research is a parametric study of using CFD to evaluate operational characteristics of the air induction system. Comparisons of various inlet designs are made and characterized into three categories, i.e., i) Inlet flow recovery, ii) Inlet flow distortion, iii) Inlet Mach distribution. The objective is to assess the impact of air induction design of turbofan upon inlet compatibility. The current research work includes four parts, i.e., i) A geometry modeling process of nacelle, inlet, wing and fuselage, ii) A meshes generator ICEM, iii) The ANSYS CFX CFD software which could achieves numerical simulation and post-processing, iv) The Matlab platform with the function of coupling all considerations listed above for inlet compatibility optimization, based on genetic algorithm and Kriging agent model.
The research introduces the Kriging model and weighting coefficient to optimize total pressure loss coefficient and static pressure recovery coefficient, with the external nacelle flow ignored. Bezier equation was used to fit the optimized curves obtained by changing two control points at the inter surface of nacelle. The wing-mounted model coupled with the nacelles, fuselage and wings was then built to make the assessment of inlet compatibility of air intake system relative to the isolate model. Comparison of aerodynamic performance was then made between the original and optimal nacelle, to show correlation between inlet compatibility and air intake profile.
High Cycle Fatigue Life Assessment of Compressor Blades Under Multi-Axial Fatigue Mode
Authors: Potluri Sri Shanti , Bommakanti Srinivasa Ananda Mohan , Ramasamy Isai Thamizh , Potu Srinivasa Rao , Balivada Venkata Ananda Rao Patnaik 
Published: February 2015

Stringent mission requirements of Aero Gas Turbine engines result in severe aerodynamic loads on engine components. Structural integrity and durability of blades is an important aspect with fatigue being a major failure mode and especially High Cycle Fatigue being a critical design concern. HCF failures in blades are mainly attributed to resonant excitations where the dynamic stress amplitude in the blade increases as the exciting frequency approaches the resonant speed. These excitations could be due to integral orders, i.e. as multiples of rotational speeds and also due to nozzle or blade pass frequencies. The frequency of these excitations is very high and under these excitations, the blades are subjected to highly complex modes or deformation patterns resulting in a multi-axial state of stress. Other causes for multi-axial state of stress may be attributed to anisotropy in material, presence of stress raisers and end fixity/ support mechanism of the blade in context. Assessing the severity of this multi-axial stress state in the blade from HCF is very important from the designer’s perspective.
This paper describes the methodology employed in a compressor stator blade to assess the HCF damage by distortion energy based multi-axial fatigue failure criteria with a modification to include the mean static stresses. Based on this method, safe operating strain limits are established and are used as guide lines to monitor the stator blades during engine testing. When this methodology is checked for a pure bending mode of a compressor stator blade, i.e. for a state of stress which is predominantly unidirectional, both the Goodman approach and the distortion energy based multi-axial method yield the same assessment under HCF, whereas for a complex mode with a multi-axial state of stress, considerable difference in results is observed.
Designing Supercritical CO2 Power Plants Using an Integrated Design System
Authors: Nassar Abdul , Moroz Leonid , Burlaka Maksym , Pagur Petr , Govoruschenko Yuri 
Published: February 2015

The use of S-CO2 as working fluid in a power cycle has been growing in recent years due to associated benefits such as highly compact power plant and high cycle thermal efficiencies for application including waste heat, solar thermal and nuclear power plants. Many authors have presented studies on S-CO2 cycle and its modifications and there also exists many patents which claim different embodiments of the S-CO2 cycle for different heat sources. Each author of the S-CO2 cycle embodiment uses some specific tool to analyze the cycle performance with assumed values of component efficiencies. In the S-CO2 cycle the ratio of turbine work to compressor work is relatively small and its variation may cause a significant influence on cycle performance estimation accuracy. Exact prediction of the S-CO2 cycle performance requires defining exact turbomachinery efficiency magnitudes. However, S-CO2 turbines and compressors are in development stage except for several low power scale prototypes and hence it is very difficult to make assumptions on efficiency and they need to be designed.
To enable design of cycle from concept to detailed design of the turbomachinery, the authors in this work have developed a flexible design system which is starting from heat balance calculation, continues with sizing of turbomachinery flow path, through 1D/2D/3D aero and structural multidisciplinary optimization. Such a design process is iterative because a refinement of the turbomachinery efficiencies lead to change in cycle boundary conditions for turbomachinery design and the design needs to be refined by recalculation of the cycle. In the present work, four different embodiments of S-CO2 thermodynamic cycles were analyzed using assumed component efficiencies and based on the actual design of the turbomachinery components the cycle was recalculated and accurate performance of the cycle was predicted. It is observed that the turbine efficiency has significant influence on the overall cycle performance compared to the compressor efficiency.
Modeling of Particle Wall Interaction and Film Transport Using Eulerian Wall Film Model
Authors: Ingle Rahul , Yadav Ravi , Punekar Hemant , Cao Jing 
Published: February 2015

The growing awareness of pollutant emissions from gas turbines has made it very important to study fuel atomization system, the spray wall interaction and hydrodynamic of film formed on engine walls. A precise fuel spray spatial distribution and efficient fuel air mixing plays important role in improving combustion performance. Cross-flow injection and film atomization technique has been studied extensively for gas turbine engines to achieve efficient combustion. Air blast atomizer is one of these kind of systems used in gas turbine engines which involves shear driven prefilmer secondary atomization. In addition to gas turbine combustor shear driven liquid wall film can be seen in IC engines, rocket nozzles, heat exchangers and also on steam turbine blades.
In our work we have used Eulerian Wall Film (EWF) [1] model to simulate the experiment performed by Arienti et al. [2]. In the Arienti’s experiment liquid jet is injected from a nozzle from the top of the chamber. Droplets shed from the jet surface due to primary and later secondary atomization in the presence of high shearing cross flowing air. Further liquid fuel particles hit the wall to form film, film moves subjected to shear from the gas phase. Liquid film can reatomizes due to subgrid processes like stripping, splashing and film breakup. In current study we have validated Arienti et al. [2] experimental data by modeling complex & coupled physics of spray, film and continuous phase and by accounting complex subgrid processes.