bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure-Property Relations in Ionic Liquids: 1,2,3-Trimethyl-imidazolium and 1,2,3-Trimethyl-benzimidazolium bis-(trifluorsulfonyl)imide
Authors: Zaitsau Dzmitry H. , Yermalayeu Andrei V. , Emel'yanenko Vladimir N. , Schick Christoph , Verevkin Sergey P. , Samarov Artemiy A. , Schlenk Stefan , Wasserscheid Peter 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Vaporization enthalpies for a pairs of the ionic liquids (ILs) 1,2,3-trimethyl-imidazolium and 1,2,3-trimethyl-benzimidazolium bistrifluorsulfonylimide and the corresponding molecular liquids 1,2-dimethyl-imidazole and 1,2-dimethyl-benzimidazole were determined using a quartz crystal microbalance method and TGA (for ILs) and the transpiration method (for molecular compounds). Differences in vaporization enthalpies in molecular and ionic liquids are discussed in context of structure-property relations.
Thermodynamic Properties of Gaseous Argon from the Ab Initio Virial Equation of State
Authors: Jäger Benjamin 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A previously developed ab initio virial equation of state for argon (B. Jäger, R. Hellmann, E. Bich, E. Vogel, J. Chem. Phys. 135 (2011) 084308) was applied to calculate related thermophysical properties for the gaseous and supercritical region. Virial coefficients up to B
7 were included considering also nonadditive three-body interactions and quantum corrections (for B
2, B
3, and B
4). The results for the isothermal compressibility, the thermal expansivity, the isochoric and isobaric heat capacity, and for the speed of sound were compared with experimental data and with values obtained from a highly accurate empirical equation of state. It was generally found that the theoretical predictions are in very good agreement with the reference data except for the near-critical region and for higher densities. Hence, the theoretically calculated data can be useful for the improvement of equations of state, particularly for toxic or corrosive substances and for thermodynamic conditions, where experiments are difficult to perform (e.g. at high temperatures). The speed of sound was found to be the most suitable property to evaluate the quality of the underlying interaction potentials.
Wald und Klimawandel in der inneralpinen Trockenregion Visp
Authors: Rigling Andreas , Elkin Ché , Dobbertin Matthias , Eilmann Britta , Giuggiola Arnaud , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Bugmann Harald 
Published: December 2012

Forest and climate change in the inner-Alpine dry region of Visp
Over the past decades, observed increases in temperature have been particularly pronounced in mountain regions. If this trend should continue in the 21st Century, frequency and intensity of droughts will increase, and will pose major challenges for forest management. Under current conditions drought-related tree mortality is already an important factor of forest ecosystems in dry inner-Alpine valleys. Here we assess the sensitivity of forest ecosystems to climate change and evaluate alternative forest management strategies in the Visp region. We integrate data from forest monitoring plots, field experiments and dynamic forests models to evaluate how the forest ecosystem services timber production, protection against natural hazards, carbon storage and biodiver-sity will be impacted. Our results suggest that at dry low elevation sites the drought tolerance of native tree species will be exceeded so that in the longer term a transition to more drought-adapted species should be considered. At medium elevations, drought and insect disturbances as by bark beetles are projected to be important for forest development, while at high elevations forests are projected to expand and grow better. All of the ecosystem services that we considered are projected to be impacted by changing forest conditions, with the specific impacts often being elevation-dependent. In the medium term, forest management that aims to increase the resilience of forests to drought can help maintain forest ecosystem services temporarily. However, our results suggest that relatively rigid management interventions are required to achieve significant effects. By using a combination of environmental monitoring, field experiments and modeling, we are able to gain insight into how forest ecosystem, and the services they provide, will respond to future changes.
Waldausdehnung im Berggebiet: Prozesse und Entwicklungen in der Schweizer Waldpolitik
Authors: Hirschi Christian , Widmer Alexander , Zimmermann Willi 
Published: December 2012

Forest expansion in mountain areas: processes and developments in Swiss forest policy
The use and protection of mountain landscapes is steered by several public policies, yet forest and agricultural policies play a particularly crucial role due to the relatively large share of forested and agricultural land in those areas. Both forest and agricultural policy are traditional sectoral policies that went through significant changes over the last years. In this article, we focus on the reform efforts in Swiss forest policy with particular attention to the issue of forest expansion in mountain areas. We first describe the relevant forest policy reform processes over the period from the year 2000 to 2012 using the Actor-Process-Event Scheme (APES), and analyze the underlying policy network. We then refer to other policy developments with potentially significant effects on forested areas, including changes in agricultural policy, and discuss the resulting consequences for the specific situation in Swiss mountain areas. The study shows that not only the goals and instruments of the Swiss federal forest policy gradually changed, but also – at least partly – the decision-making structures. Furthermore, it can be shown that the issue of forest expansion in mountain areas has mainly been discussed in the context of forest policy processes. Solutions to the issue, however, will also require appropriate policy instruments in spatial planning and agricultural policy.
The Pediatrician’s Role in Patient and Family Recovery after Child Abuse
Authors: Preer Genevieve , McAlister Groves Betsy 
Published: December 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Review the neuropsychological impact of child maltreatment across the life span of the victim.

2.
Describe the essential role played by the pediatrician in the delivery of needed care to affected children and their families.

3.
Outline evidence-based therapeutic interventions for children affected by abuse.

Child abuse and neglect is a stubbornly persistent problem that affects patients in every pediatric practice, regardless of geography, socioeconomic status, culture, or race. In 2010, close to 700,000 children, or just less than 1% of all children in the United States, were victims of substantiated allegations of child maltreatment.
1
Educação ambiental corporativa para crianças: analisando a animação Peixonauta do Discovery Kids
Authors: Wortmann Maria Lúcia Castagna , Ripoll Daniela , Possamai Laís 
Published: December 2012

A partir da análise da série Peixonauta, desenho animado que integra a programação docanal de TV por assinatura Discovery Kids, vinculado ao grupo Discovery Channel,buscamos destacar como algumas problemáticas ambientais são apresentadas às crianças, bem como discutir como são delineadas, nesta série, algumas identidades preservacionistas. A animação Peixonauta dá destaque a questões ambientais: introdução de espécies exóticas e domésticas na natureza, e o modo como essa prática afeta o meio ambiente; poluição das águas, solo e ar; e certos fenômenos naturais. Realizado na intersecção da Educação, da Educação Ambiental, dos Estudos Culturaise dos Estudos de Mídia, este estudo problematiza o modo como este desenho ensina quais ações e quais problemas devem ser considerados relativamente aos chamados ambientes naturais. O corpus analítico compõe-se de 30 episódios que evidenciam quatro temáticas ambientais: a) reciclagem de materiais; b) introdução de espécies exóticas; c) poluição; d) mudanças climáticas e problemas associados. Os resultados sugerem que o Discovery Kids prática uma espécie de “Educação Ambiental corporativa” ao introduzir e valer-se de temas “verdes” em sua programação. Em Peixonauta, tal intenção fica evidenciada. Algumas personagens representam sujeitos a serem conscientizados ambientalmente; outros ensinam o que é ser “ambientalmente responsável”. Há, também, os que detêm conhecimentos legitimados. Além disso, a tecnologia é colocada em destaque como meio seguro e rápido para a solução dos problemas ambientais. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, ao simplificar o encontro de soluções, a série operaria na direção da naturalização/banalização dos problemas ambientais, provocando o seu apagamento.
Does Corruption Hinder Trade for the New EU Members?
Authors: Horsewood Nicholas , Voicu Anca Monika 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe paper uses a gravity trade model to examine the impact of corruption on bilateral trade using a data set comprising OECD economies, new EU members and developing nations. Although the level of corruption of both the importing and exporting nations does hinder cross-border transactions, differences between their ethical standards do have a negative impact on trade flows. The model is used to assess the impact on exports and imports of Romania and Bulgaria joining the European Union.
Bell Laboratories' Library Real-Time Loan System (BELLREL)
Authors: Kennedy R. A. 
Published: December 2012

Bell Telephone Laboratories has established an on-line circulation system linking two terminals in each of its three largest libraries to a central computer. Objectives include imporved service through computer pooling of collections, immediate reporting on publication availability or a borrower's record, automatice reserve follow-up; reduced labor; and increased management information. loans, returns, reserves and many queries are handled in real time. Input may be keyboard only or combined with card reading, to handle all publications with borrower present or absent. BELLREL is now being used for some 1500 transactions per day.
Dualisme, mixité et métissage juridique : Québec, Hong Kong, Macao, Afrique du Sud et Israël
Authors: Morin Michel 
Published: December 2012

Pendant longtemps, le droit comparé s’est principalement intéressé à trois grandes familles ou traditions issues d’Europe, celles de droit civil, de common law ou des pays socialistes, même si ces regroupements dissimulaient d’innombrables divergences. Or, un droit d’origine romaniste (codifié ou non) peut survivre dans un État où prédomine la common law ; celui-ci est alors appelé un « pays de droit mixte ». Il en va ainsi des systèmes québécois et canadien, en raison de la dualité de leurs sources. Si la doctrine déplore traditionnellement le métissage du droit civil, elle admet aujourd’hui que, en dépit des emprunts aux institutions et des références aux décisions de common law, le droit privé québécois demeure fondamentalement civiliste. Il a préséance en cas de lacune dans une loi fédérale, sauf si le droit public entre en jeu. Les textes du présent numéro de la Revue de droit McGill abordent divers aspects des systèmes juridiques mixtes d’autres territoires, soit Hong Kong, Macao, l’Afrique du Sud et Israël. L’indépendance judiciaire à Hong Kong semble menacée par la culture juridique autoritaire de la République populaire de Chine, malgré l’absence de toute modification institutionnelle apparente. En Israël et en Afrique du Sud, les juristes acceptent bien la coexistence de traditions différentes — germanique, britannique, américaine, coutumière. Cette ouverture d’esprit devrait se poursuivre à l’avenir, au moins pour les questions nouvelles ou controversées.
Visualization of Live Primary Cilia Dynamics Using Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Ott Carolyn , Lippincott‐Schwartz Jennifer 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMethods useful for exploring the formation and functions of primary cilia in living cells are described here. First, multiple protocols for visualizing solitary cilia that extend away from the cell body are described. Primary cilia collect, synthesize, and transmit information about the extracellular space into the cell body to promote critical cellular responses. Problems with cilia formation or function can lead to dramatic changes in cell physiology. These methods can be used to assess cilia formation and length, the location of the cilium relative to other cellular structures, and localization of specific proteins to the cilium. The subsequent protocols describe how to quantify movement of fluorescent molecules within the cilium using kymographs, photobleaching, and photoconversion. The microtubules that form the structural scaffold of the cilium are also critical avenues for kinesin and dynein‐mediated movement of proteins within the cilium. Assessing intraflagellar dynamics can provide insight into mechanisms of ciliary‐mediated signal perception and transmission. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 57:4.26.1‐4.26.22. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Rab GTPases
Authors: Langemeyer Lars , Barr Francis A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis unit describes methods to identify proteins interacting with, and regulating, Rab GTPases. Rabs form the largest subgroup of Ras superfamily GTPases, and act as molecular switches controlling the specificity of membrane trafficking. The regulation and the signal readout of Rabs are mediated by four groups of proteins, the GDP‐GTP exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), Rab chaperones, and effector proteins. Rabs are activated at the membrane surface by specific GEFs that promote the exchange of bound GDP to GTP. Effector proteins then bind to the activated Rab GTPase and mediate the cellular response at this membrane surface. Finally, a Rab‐specific GAP‐protein inactivates the GTPase by catalyzing the hydrolysis of bound GTP to GDP, thus terminating the cellular response. The methods described here are valuable for characterizing these different types of activity, and assigning which Rab they act on. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 57:15.18.1‐15.18.17. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synchronizing Protein Transport in the Secretory Pathway
Authors: Boncompain Gaelle , Perez Franck 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTo be secreted or transported to their target compartments, newly synthesized proteins leave the endoplasmic reticulum to reach the Golgi apparatus, where they are processed and sorted toward their final destinations along the secretory pathway. It is now clear that many Golgi‐intersecting and non‐intersecting pathways exist in cells to carry out proper transport, modification, and addressing. To analyze and visualize the intracellular trafficking of any secretory protein, we developed the retention using selective hooks (RUSH) system. This assay allows the simultaneous release of a pool of particular secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and the monitoring of their anterograde trafficking. The use of the RUSH system is detailed in these protocols, from sub‐cloning the sequence coding for the protein of interest into RUSH plasmids to visualization of its trafficking. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 57:15.19.1‐15.19.16. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Near‐Infrared Light‐Triggered Nanocarrier with Reversible DNA Valves for Intracellular Controlled Release
Authors: Li Na , Yu Zhengze , Pan Wei , Han Yaoyao , Zhang Tingting , Tang Bo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA near‐infrared (NIR) light‐triggered nanocarrier is developed for intracellular controlled release with good stability, high nuclease resistance, and good biocompatibility. The nanocarrier consists of a gold nanorod core and mesoporous silica shell, capped with reversible single‐stranded DNA valves, which are manipulated by switching between the laser on/off states. Upon laser irradiation, the valves of the nanocarrier open and the cargo molecules can be released from the mesopores. When the NIR laser is turned off, the valves close and the nanocarrier stops releasing the cargo molecules. The release amount of the cargo molecules can be controlled precisely by adjusting the irradiation time and the laser on‐off cycles. Confocal fluorescence imaging shows that the nanocarrier can be triggered by the laser irradiation and the controlled release can be accomplished in living cells. Moreover, the therapeutic effect toward cancer cells can also be regulated when the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin is loaded into the nanocarrier. This novel approach provides an ideal platform for drug delivery by a NIR light‐activated mechanism with precise control of area, time, and especially dosage.
Catalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization Reactions
Authors: Zhuo Chun‐Xiang , Zhang Wei , You Shu‐Li 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis Review summarizes the development of catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) reactions. The CADA reactions discussed herein include oxidative dearomatization reactions, dearomatization by Diels–Alder and related reactions, the alkylative dearomatization of electron‐rich arenes, transition‐metal‐catalyzed dearomatization reactions, cascade sequences involving asymmetric dearomatization as the key step, and nucleophilic dearomatization reactions of pyridinium derivatives. Asymmetric dearomatization reactions with chiral auxiliaries and catalytic asymmetric reactions of dearomatized substrates are also briefly introduced. This Review intends to provide a concept for catalytic asymmetric dearomatization.
How Thiostrepton Was Made in the Laboratory
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThiostrepton, a powerful antibiotic belonging to the thiopeptide class, was synthesized in the laboratory for the first time in 2004 through an arduous campaign involving novel strategies and tactics, scenic detours, and unexpected roadblocks. In this Review the author narrates the long journey to success, not so dissimilar to Odysseus’ return voyage to Ithaca, full of adventure, knowledge, and wisdom.
Inspired by the writing form of Mahaffy,1 the author has taken liberties with the style in which this Review is written.
Protein–DNA Arrays as Tools for Detection of Protein–Protein Interactions by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gogolin Lars , Schroeder Hendrik , Itzen Aymelt , Goody Roger S. , Niemeyer Christof M. , Becker Christian F. W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAnalysis of multiple protein–protein interactions using microarray technology remains challenging, and site‐specific immobilization of functional proteins is a key step in these approaches. Here we establish the efficient synthesis of protein–DNA conjugates for several members of a small family of GTPases. The family of Rab/Ypt GTPases is intimately involved in vesicular trafficking in yeast and serves as a model for the much larger group of analogous human proteins, the Rab protein family, with more than 60 members. The Ypt–DNA hybrid molecules described here are used for DNA‐directed immobilization on glass‐ and silica‐based microarrays. Methods for the detection of protein–DNA conjugates, as well as approaches for nucleotide exchange and distinguishing between GDP‐ and GTP‐bound Ypts on microarrays, are reported. The high specificity of different Rab/Ypt‐effector interactions, which also depends on the bound nucleotide, is shown by fluorescence readout of microarrays. Furthermore, initial experiments demonstrate that direct readout by mass spectrometry can be achieved with commercially available instruments. These developments will significantly contribute to the elucidation of complex transport networks in eukaryotic cells.
When Mesoporous Silica Meets the Alkaline Polyelectrolyte: A Controllable Synthesis of Functional and Hollow Nanostructures with a Porous Shell
Authors: You Liang , Wang Tianyi , Ge Jianping 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn efficient and environment friendly surface‐protected etching method by using mesoporous silica as a template and alkaline polyelectrolyte as both the protecting and etching agent was developed to prepare a SiO2 nanotube with a porous shell. The polyelectrolytes attached to the template not only create a localized alkaline environment, but also effectively protect the silica surface, whereas the mesopore channels accelerate the diffusion of etchant throughout the template, all of which facilitate the formation of hollow structures in a fully controllable way. By tuning the etching power and protecting ability of the polyelectrolyte, the rigidity and porosity of products can be precisely manipulated. It is inspiring that various alkaline polyelectrolytes including polypeptide and dextran derivative can be used for the etching process, so that the porous and hollow nanostructures are born with positively charged and biocompatible surface as well as abundant amino groups for further coupling, which make them potential capsules for drug delivery and probes for imaging and detection. The protective etching process can also be extended to the preparation of yolk‐shell super structures with functional cores, or porous nanoparticle assemblies with their individual characteristics maintained.
Wave‐Mixed and Orbitally Shaken Single‐Use Photobioreactors for Diatom Algae Propagation
Authors: Lehmann Nicolai , Rischer Heiko , Eibl Dieter , Eibl Regine 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAlthough vertical column, flat‐plate, tubular, bubble column and airlift photobioreactors are widely used for the cultivation of diatoms, it has been shown that bubble‐induced hydrodynamic stress created in these types of bioreactor can damage cells. Therefore, three single‐use surface‐aerated bag bioreactors, known for their outstanding results in cultivating shear‐sensitive mammalian cells, were for the first time investigated for their suitability in growing the model microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum. All of the systems, which were additionally aerated with CO2 and equipped with illumination systems providing different light qualities, guaranteed a 22‐ to 43‐fold increase in cell density within seven days, without any addition of cell protection agents or changes in cell morphology. Maximum cell density and dry biomass were achieved in the orbitally shaken 2D‐bag by using cool‐white fluorescent tubes.
Interlaboratory Test for Detection of Cytotoxic Leachables arising from Single‐Use Bags
Authors: Steiger Nina , Eibl Regine 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn interlaboratory test for detection of cytotoxic leachables arising from single‐use bags was established and performed. Results from cultivations with two bag materials indicate that leachables influencing cell growth and metabolism were secreted. For the other seven bag materials a migration of leachables can be excluded.
Thiadiazole—a Promising Structure in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Li Yijing , Geng Jingkun , Liu Yang , Yu Shenghui , Zhao Guisen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMany compounds containing a five‐membered heterocyclic ring display exceptional chemical properties and versatile biological activities. In this Minireview, thiadiazoles are summarized according to their therapeutic potential, highlighting the versatility of this scaffold in medicinal chemistry. The unique properties of thiadiazoles are also discussed in relation to their potential effect on activity. Thiadiazole is a bioisostere of pyrimidine and oxadiazole, and given the prevalence of pyrimidine in nature it is unsurprising that thiadiazoles exhibit significant therapeutic potential. The sulfur atom of the thiadiazole imparts improved liposolubility, and the mesoionic nature of thiadiazoles makes these compounds better able to cross cellular membranes. By summarizing the thiadiazole‐containing compounds reported in recent decades, we aim to give a brief introduction to their synthesis and diverse biological activities, such as anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, anticonvulsant, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, and to show the significant utility of the thiadiazole scaffolds in medicinal chemistry.