bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of cytology for diagnosis in veterinary dermatology
Authors: Duncan Katie 
Published: May 2014

Skin complaints can cause intense pruritus and discomfort for the patient and are one of the most common reasons for presentation of an animal at the veterinary clinic. Cytology (the microscopic examination of cells and their structure) is a vital tool for the diagnosis of such cases. The information cytological evaluation reveals about cells and organisms and their relationships allows the veterinarian to make clinical decisions. Repeat cytology can monitor the response to therapy. The role of the veterinary nurse may include collecting and processing samples for cytological evaluation, however, veterinary nurses can expand on these skills and learn how easy and rewarding it is to perform basic cytology. Utilizing the veterinary nurse to perform in house cytology allows the veterinarian more time to deal with prolonged history taking, thorough clinical examination of the animal and discussion with the owners. In house cytology provides quick results for the client, improved patient care and also generates revenue for the practice. For the nurse it provides an opportunity for the building of expertise, interest and confidence, making them more valuable to the practice. Access to relevant courses and current text is an integral part of developing these ancillary skills. Comparing results with the lab and colleagues is another great way to learn.
Noise-related anxiety in dogs: improving management
Authors: Harper Sheila 
Published: May 2014

Sound reactivity, fears and phobias are amongst the most common signs of anxiety in dogs presented to the behaviour counsellor. The use of drugs and programmes including sound desensitization CDs and dog appeasing pheromone (DAP) sprays in noise-related anxiety are well documented, yet it is clear that in many cases a significant improvement is not in evidence.In the author's experience over 20 years, based on her own case studies and those developed by her students in five European countries studying with the International Dog Behaviour and Training School, there are a number of other factors that should also be taken into account, including the lifestyle, general physiological and psychological balance of the dog, along with clearer guidelines for practitioners as to how owner actions may influence the outcome.The author questions the use of some of the typical routes to alleviation and resolution, along with a reminder that each case needs an individual approach according to the overall health and lifestyle of the dog, the owner's resources, awareness and understanding.
Transfusion medicine in dogs and cats: products, collection and administration
Authors: Branquinho T , Ortiz V , Vala H , Ferreira R , Santos C , Oliveira AL 
Published: May 2014

Many veterinary hospitals have permanent canine and/or feline blood donors to cover their transfusion requirements and some have their own blood bank. Hospitals must ensure there is appropriate donor selection and screening, as there are inherent risks of transmission of infectious agents and of causing adverse reactions. All donors should be fully vaccinated and receive regular veterinary preventative health care. A full physical examination should be performed by a veterinary surgeon prior to each donation, and should be unremarkable. Donors should also be screened for infectious diseases. Blood collection and component preparation can be labour intensive and time consuming. It is of great importance to know the properties of the different blood products available in transfusion medicine, as well as how they might be used to achieve the best results in clinical practice. Veterinary nurses must know how to administer blood and blood products safely to their patients. Blood products are prepared from donor animals and represent a very limited resource, not available in all situations. Through a combination of rigorous donor screening, individualized blood product selection, and careful monitoring, veterinary nurses can minimize the risks and enhance the benefits of transfusion.
Evaluation of equine superficial digital flexor tendon lesions
Authors: Bradshaw Holly , Williams Jane 
Published: May 2014

Tendon injuries are commonplace in the equine athlete and are reported to be one of the most prevalent forms of musculoskeletal injuries occurring in horses competing in all disciplines. The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is the more commonly injured of the flexor tendons, accounting for 75–93% of clinical cases; research suggests that lesions typically occur at the mid-metacarpal level in the ‘core’ or central region of the SDFT. Aims and objectives: The aim of this research was to increase knowledge regarding the susceptibility to injury of specific topographical regions within the SDFT, and to identify any relationship between topographical location and lesion severity to laterality and the equestrian discipline the subjects competed in. Method: Secondary data were ultrasound scans from the forelimb SDFTs of horses (n =100) presenting with primary ‘core’ lesions. Topographical location, percentage distribution of the lesion entirety and the echogenicity of lesions were ascertained and graded. Statistical analysis identified if any significant differences were present between discipline competed in and right and left forelimb lesion severity within the population. Results: No significant differences were exposed between competitive discipline or right and left forelimb lesions severity (p >0.05). Lesions that present in the mid-metacarpal region of the SDFT comprised the greater percentage of the total clinical lesion and exhibited higher echogenicity scores, suggesting they were more severe in nature. Conclusions: The study confirmed that the mid-metacarpal region of the SDFT exhibited more severe legions in comparison with the proximal and distal regions; however, no differences between disciplines or with reference to laterality were observed. Although these results can only be applied to this population, they suggest that ultrasonographic evaluation of topography and echogenicity translated to severity scores can aid in the diagnosis of tendon pathology and subjects’ subsequent rehabilitation regimen.
Beating the odds: using epidemiology to pick the Cheltenham Gold Cup winner
Authors: Williams Jane , Heath Yvonne , Mata Fernando 
Published: May 2014

Aim: To date epidemiology has been widely utilised to analyse disease and identify risk factors associated with injury. This study aimed to establish if epidemiology has the potential to be employed as a predictive model of National Hunt racing performance. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to apply the principles of epidemiology to predict factors that impact on individual performance in the Cheltenham Gold Cup and to strengthen the potential of epidemiology as a valid methodology for predicting racehorse performance. Methods Relevant factors related to racehorse performance were identified and collated via the Racingpost website for horses that had run in the Cheltenham Gold Cup from 1995 to 2010. Subsequent univariate and multivariable single-level and mixed effects logistic regression models were developed using winning the Cheltenham Gold Cup as the dependent variable. Results The chance of a horse winning the Cheltenham Gold Cup is increased by 1.09 times for each extra 10 percentage point increase in the percentage of starts at Cheltenham that resulted in a win. Horses that had been ridden by only one or two jockeys throughout their career were 40 times more likely to win than horses that had been ridden by three or more jockeys. Conclusions National Hunt racehorses that have one or two consistent jockeys throughout their racing career and have a higher course runs to win ratio at Cheltenham are predicted to perform superiorly to their peers who do not. Potential relevance: Epidemiology appears to be a valid tool for predicting variables that can increase the probability of superior performance for specific events and has potential to be utilised in other equine sporting fields.
A hail damaged Eastern Long-neck turtle: a case study
Authors: Simpson Shane 
Published: May 2014

Veterinary practices may be presented with both captive and wild turtles that have sustained shell fractures caused by such things as road trauma and dog attacks. With the appropriate care these animals can be successfully treated. The initial nursing care provided to these patients can greatly affect their long-term survivability. This case report details the treatment of an Eastern Long-neck Turtle (Chelodina longicollis) that sustained a shell fracture after being struck by a large hail stone. It highlights the treatment required to initially stabilise the turtle, the options available to repair the shell fracture and the post-operative care needed for a successful outcome.
Analysis of failure of C-V characteristics of MIS structure with SiO2 passivation layer deposited on InSb substrate via Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Seok Chulkyun , Kim Sujin , Lee Jaeyel , Park Sehun , Park Yongjo , Yoon Euijoon 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe effect of interfacial phases on the electrical properties of Au/Ti/SiO2/InSb metal-insulator (oxide)-semiconductor (MIS or MOS) structures was investigated by capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. With increasing the deposition temperature of silicon oxide from 100 to 350°C using PECVD, the change in the interfacial phases between SiO2 and InSb were analyzed by resonant Raman spectroscopy to verify the relation between the breakdown of C-V characteristics and the change of interfacial phases. The shape of C-V characteristics was dramatically changed when the deposition temperature was above 300°C. The C-V measurements and Raman spectra represented that elemental Sb accumulation resulted from the chemical reaction of Sb oxide with InSb substrate was responsible for the failure in the C-V characteristics of MIS structure.
Structures and Electronic Properties of Graphene with Vacancy Defects
Authors: Sugimoto J. , Shintani K. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe structures and electronic properties of graphene with defects consisting of one to six atomic vacancies are investigated using first-principles calculation. All of the geometrically possible initial structures of a movacancy or a multivacancy in graphene are equilibrated. The formation energies and electronic band structures for the equilibrated defective structures are calculated. It is suggested non-zero bandgaps may be induced in graphene by introducing some types of monovacancy or multivacancy although further checks regarding supercell size are necessary to ensure the present results.
Unipolar Switching Behavior in Highly Crystalline Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Jain Nikhil , Jacobs-Gedrim Robin B. , Yu Bin 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTWe observed resistive switching in highly crystalline layered insulator hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) under electric field in a nano-device configuration. Two distinct resistive states were observed in the 2D material heterostack. Electrical characterization using capacitance-voltage approach further revealed the role of h-BN as the active switching element. The switching behavior could be attributed to substitutional doping of h-BN under electric field present in the active region, possibly resulting in the formation of multi-element complex in which electrical conductivity depends on the amount of substituted dopant in the boron nitride crystal lattice. Since switching is observed independent of the direction of electric field, it is unipolar in nature. The observed memristance phenomenon in layered insulator may be potentially used in the form of NVM, providing possible direction to implement information storage or reconfigurable logic applications.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Methods to Recruit Asian Research Participants
Authors: Park Hyunjoo , Sha M. Mandy 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Few empirical studies have evaluated the efficiency of recruitment methods to recruit non- English-speaking research participants. We attempt to fill this research gap by conducting a systematic evaluation using recruitment data from a large cognitive testing study that pretested the translations of the American Community Survey. In our study we contacted 1,084 Chinese and Korean speakers to identify those who spoke little or no English. We measured the efficiency of the recruitment methods (newspaper advertisements, flyers, online communication, and word of mouth) using four criteria: time spent, outreach capacity, screener completion, and eligibility rate. We also examined differences in recruitment efficiencies by recruiters and sublanguage groups. Among the recruitment methods examined, newspaper advertisements were most efficient in reaching a larger number of Asians while using the least amount of recruiters’ time. For recruiting non-English speakers, word of mouth by recruiters with strong ties to the ethnic community worked best.
Testing Of Energy Meters Under Three-Phase Determined And Random Nonsinusoidal Conditions
Authors: Olencki Andrzej , Mróz Piotr 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Electric energy meters are designed to account energy under sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal conditions, because both, old and new standards for energy meters require testing their accuracy under different conditions. The latest EN 50470 standard increases the range of meter testing under nonsinusoidal conditions, introducing new shapes of test signals such as the phase fired waveform or the burst fired waveform. This paper discusses calibration problems of electronic revenue energy meters for direct connection and for connection through current transformers, and it proposes a new calibration procedure which reproduces normal operating conditions better: three-phase configurations of measurement systems, load range during meter testing or shapes of test signals. Recently, modern Electrical Power Standards, also known as Power Calibrators, enable automatic testing of various types of electrical devices, including electricity meters in their normal operating conditions. This article presents examples of single and multi position fully automatic test systems, which employ Power/Energy Calibrator from Poland as the precision source with programmed waveforms of three phase voltages up to 560 V and currents up to 120 A conforming to EN 50470, or with random waveforms generated by PC software random wave generator. Measurement uncertainty of the energy meters under different nonsinusoidal conditions using a test system with reference to accuracy of the power calibrator or to the reference meter, are discussed.
Comparative analysis of test results for different shapes of voltage and current signals is presented in the conclusions of this paper.
High-Efficiency Carrier Frequency Estimation Algorithm for Real-Time Multi-Domain Communication Signal Analysis
Authors: Wang Qian , Yang Xiaomei , Yan Xiao , Qin Kaiyu 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Based on real-time multi-domain communication signal analysis architecture, a high-efficiency blind carrier frequency estimation algorithm using the power spectrum symmetry of the measured modulated signal is presented. The proposed algorithm, which utilizes the moving averaged power spectrum achieved by the realtime spectrum analysis, iteratively identifies the carrier frequency in according to the power difference between the upper sideband and lower sideband, which is defined and revised by the estimated carrier frequency in each iteration. When the power difference of the two sidebands converges to the preset threshold, the carrier frequency can be obtained. For the modulation analysis, the measured signal can be coarsely compensated by the estimated result, and the residual carrier frequency error is eliminated by a following carrier synchronization loop. Compared with previous works, owing to the moving averaged power spectrum normalization and the smart iterative step variation mechanism for the two sidebands definition, the carrier frequency estimation accuracy and speed can be significantly improved without increasing the computational effort. Experimental results are included to demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed algorithm.
Dual-Axis Test Rig for Mems Tilt Sensors
Authors: Łuczak Sergiusz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The paper addresses the problem of experimental studies of miniature tilt sensors based on low-range accelerometers belonging to Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS). A custom computer controlled test rig is proposed, whose kinematics allows an arbitrary tilt angle to be applied (i.e. its two components: pitch and roll over the full angular range). The related geometrical relationships are presented along with the respective uncertainties resulting from their application. Metrological features of the test rig are carefully evaluated and briefly discussed. Accuracy of the test rig is expressed in terms of the respective uncertainties, as recommended by ISO; its scope of application as well as the related limitations are indicated. Even though the test rig is mostly composed of standard devices, like rotation stages and incremental angle encoder, its performance can be compared with specialized certified machines that are very expensive. Exemplary results of experimental studies of MEMS accelerometers realized by means of the test rig are presented and briefly discussed. Few ways of improving performance of the test rig are proposed.
Velocity Measurement using the Fdoa Method in Ground-Based Radio Navigation System
Authors: Sadowski Jarosław 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Velocity is one of the main navigation parameters of moving objects. However some systems of position estimation using radio wave measurements cannot provide velocity data due to limitation of their performance. In this paper a velocity measurement method for the DS-CDMA radio navigation system is proposed, which does not require full synchronization of reference stations carrier frequencies. The article presents basics of FDOA (frequency difference of arrival) velocity measurements together with application of this method to an experimental radio navigation system called AEGIR and with some suggestions about the possibility to implement such FDOA measurements in other kinds of asynchronous DS-CDMA radio networks. The main part of this paper present results of performance evaluation of the proposed method, based on laboratory measurements
A Defined, Controlled Culture System for Primary Bovine Chromaffin Progenitors Reveals Novel Biomarkers and Modulators
Authors: Masjkur Jimmy , Levenfus Ian , Lange Sven , Arps-Forker Carina , Poser Steve , Qin Nan , Vukicevic Vladimir , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Eisenhofer Graeme , Bornstein Stefan R. , Ehrhart-Bornstein Monika , Androutsellis-Theotokis Andreas 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

We present a method to efficiently culture primary chromaffin progenitors from the adult bovine adrenal medulla in a defined, serum-free monolayer system. Tissue is dissociated and plated for expansion under support by the mitogen basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The cultures, although not homogenous, contain a subpopulation of cells expressing the neural stem cell marker Hes3 that also propagate. In addition, Hes3 is also expressed in the adult adrenal medulla from where the tissue is taken. Differentiation is induced by bFGF withdrawal and switching to Neurobasal medium containing B27. Following differentiation, Hes3 expression is lost, and cells acquire morphologies and biomarker expression patterns of chromaffin cells and dopaminergic neurons. We tested the effect of different treatments that we previously showed regulate Hes3 expression and cell number in cultures of fetal and adult rodent neural stem cells. Treatment of the cultures with a combination of Delta4, Angiopoietin2, and a Janus kinase inhibitor increases cell number during the expansion phase without significantly affecting catecholamine content levels. Treatment with cholera toxin does not significantly affect cell number but reduces the ratio of epinephrine to norepinephrine content and increases the dopamine content relative to total catecholamines. These data suggest that this defined culture system can be used for target identification in drug discovery programs and that the transcription factor Hes3 may serve as a new biomarker of putative adrenomedullary chromaffin progenitor cells.
Diversité et abondance des pucerons [Homoptera : Aphididae] et leur impact sur la dissémination des virus infectant la pomme de terre au Mali
Authors: Yattara Almouner A.A. , Coulibaly Amadou K. , Francis Frédéric 
Published: May 2014

Des études sur l’abondance et la diversité des pucerons ont été menées pendant trois campagnes agricoles au Mali. Sur la base de relevés de bacs jaunes installés dans des cultures de pomme de terre à Kati et à Sikasso, 2 525 pucerons ont été capturés et identifiés. Dix-neuf espèces de pucerons ont été recensées, dont deux qui ont été observées in situ sur la culture : Aphis gossypii (Glover) et Myzus persicae (Sulzer). La plupart de ces espèces sont des ravageurs de cultures et elles contribuent également à la transmission virale. Des échantillons foliaires prélevés dans des parcelles de pomme de terre dans les deux régions ont été testés par la technique ELISA pour la détection des deux principaux virus dommageables, soit le Potato Virus Y (PVY) et le Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV). Le taux de plantes virosées dans les deux localités pendant les trois années variait de 19,3 % à 21,8 % pour le PVY, alors qu’il était de 8,5 % à 9,3 % pour le PLRV. L’occurrence de ces maladies virales s’est révélée être très homogène d’une année à l’autre, avec des taux relativement importants. Cette étude est une première quantification dans cette région du Mali de l’importance des relations pucerons vecteurs–virus en culture de pomme de terre.
Seasonal variations of the nighttime O(1S) and OH (8‐3) airglow intensity at Adelaide, Australia
Authors: Reid Iain M. , Spargo Andrew J. , Woithe Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe analyze 15 years of atomic oxygen (OI) 558 nm and hydroxyl (OH) (8‐3) 730 nm nightglow emission intensities from heights near 96 and 87 km, respectively, measured using filter photometers at the Buckland Park Field Station (34.6°S, 138.6°E) near Adelaide, Australia. The intensity of both emissions exhibits clear seasonal and interannual periodicities, with annual, semiannual, and quasi‐biennial oscillations, as well as a solar cycle influence. In addition, there is a terannual and 4.1 year component in the OI airglow intensity and both a quasi‐biennial and quasi‐triennial oscillation in the OH intensity. The results are in very good agreement with simultaneous collocated measurements made with an imager, and with global satellite climatologies of OI and OH intensities reported for the Wind Imaging Interferometer instrument. The mean value of the OI annual oscillation intensity is the same as that of the semiannual oscillation at this location to within the experimental uncertainty. The OI annual oscillation maximizes in summer, and the semiannual oscillation maximizes in autumn and spring, with the largest maximum in autumn. The terannual component in the OI nightglow maximizes in early summer, autumn, and spring. The quasi‐biennial oscillation in the OI nightglow takes its first maximum value in autumn 1996, and the 4.1 year period in this emission first maximizes in summer 1998. The OH annual and semiannual oscillation intensities also agree to within the experimental uncertainties and are observed to peak in early winter. The quasi‐biennial and quasi‐triennial oscillations in this emission take their first maximum value in summer 1996.