bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalized force vectors for multi‐mode pushover analysis of torsionally coupled systems
Authors: Kaats𝚤z Kaan , Sucuoğlu Halûk 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYA generalized multi‐mode pushover analysis procedure was developed for estimating the maximum inelastic seismic response of symmetrical plan structures under earthquake ground excitations. Pushover analyses are conducted with story‐specific generalized force vectors in this procedure, with contributions from all effective modes.Generalized pushover analysis procedure is extended to three‐dimensional torsionally coupled systems in the presented study. Generalized force distributions are expressed as the combination of modal forces to simulate the instantaneous force distribution acting on the system when the interstory drift at a story reaches its maximum value during seismic response. Modal contributions to the generalized force vectors are calculated by a modal scaling rule, which is based on the complete quadratic combination. Generalized forces are applied to the mass centers of each story incrementally for producing nonlinear static response. Maximum response quantities are obtained when the individual frames attain their own target interstory drift values in each story. The developed procedure is tested on an eight‐story frame under 15 ground motions, and assessed by comparing the results obtained from nonlinear time history analysis. The method is successful in predicting the torsionally coupled inelastic response of frames responding to large interstory drift demands. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stair evacuation of people with mobility impairments
Authors: Kuligowski Erica , Peacock Richard , Wiess Emily , Hoskins Bryan 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis paper presents data on the movement speeds of occupants with various types of mobility impairments evacuating two residential facilities for older adults located on the East Coast of the USA with the goal of better understanding of behavior and movement speeds during stairwell evacuation with and without assistance. The building populations who took part in the current study comprised a diverse array of older adults and disabled residents descending the stairwells by the following methods: self‐evacuation without assistance, assistance using a cane, assistance from another occupant or firefighter, or assistance using a stair chair. Movement data of these specific groups were compared and contrasted with other data collected on mobility‐impaired individuals. In the current study, the National Institute of Standards and Technology observed overall average speeds of 0.31 ± 0.16 m/s (with individual speeds ranging from 0.07 to 0.91 m/s), which in some cases, approximate the speeds of disabled people and older adults found in earlier studies, and in other cases are slower than those observed in previous studies. Slower speeds reported here may have resulted from observing a wider variety of mobility impairments (because one of the buildings observed was an assisted‐living facility) and from evacuation assistance provided by untrained populations. These data provide an adequate confirmation of exiting literature values typically used for disabled movement speeds in addition to updated values for future analyses. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Objective assessment of attention in delirium: a narrative review
Authors: Tieges Zoë , Brown Laura J. E. , MacLullich Alasdair M. J. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveInattention is a core feature of delirium, and valid assessment of attention is central to diagnosis. Methods of measuring attention in delirium can be divided into two broad categories: (i) objective neuropsychological testing; and (ii) subjective grading of behaviour during interview and clinical examination. Here, we review and critically evaluate studies of objective neuropsychological testing of attention in delirium. We examine the implications of these studies for delirium detection and monitoring in clinical practice and research, and how these studies inform understanding of the nature of attentional deficits in delirium.MethodsSearches of MEDLINE and ISI Web of Knowledge databases were performed to identify studies in which objective tests of attention had been administered to patients with delirium, who had been diagnosed using DSM or ICD criteria.ResultsSixteen publications were identified. The attention tests administered in these studies were grouped into the following categories: measures of attention span, vigilance tests, other pen‐and‐paper tests (e.g. Trail Making Test) and computerised tests of speeded reaction, vigilance and sustained attention. Patients with delirium showed deficits on all tasks, although most tasks were not considered pure measures of attention. Five papers provided data on differential diagnosis from dementia. Cancellation tests, spatial span tests and computerised tests of sustained attention discriminated delirium from dementia. Five studies presented reliability or validity statistics.ConclusionsThe existing evidence base on objective assessment of attention in delirium is small. Objective testing of attention is underdeveloped but shows considerable promise in clinical practice and research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[18F]DPA‐C5yne, a novel fluorine‐18‐labelled analogue of DPA‐714: radiosynthesis and preliminary evaluation as a radiotracer for imaging neuroinflammation with PET
Authors: Médran‐Navarrete Vincent , Bernards Nicholas , Kuhnast Bertrand , Damont Annelaure , Pottier Géraldine , Peyronneau Marie‐Anne , Kassiou Michael , Marguet Frank , Puech Frédéric , Boisgard Raphaël , Dollé Frédéric 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDPA‐C5yne, the lead compound of a novel series of DPA‐714 derivatives in which the fluoroethoxy chain linked to the phenylpyrazolopyrimidine scaffold has been replaced by a fluoroalkyn‐1‐yl moiety, is a high affinity (Ki: 0.35 nM) and selective ligand targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa. In the present work, DPA‐C5yne was labelled with no‐carrier‐added [18F]fluoride based on a one‐step tosyloxy‐for‐fluorine nucleophilic substitution reaction, purified by cartridge and HPLC, and formulated as an i.v. injectable solution using a TRACERLab FX N Pro synthesizer. Typically, 4.3–5.2 GBq of [18F]DPA‐C5yne, ready‐to‐use, chemically and radiochemically pure (> 95%), was obtained with specific radioactivities ranging from 55 to 110 GBq/µmol within 50–60 min, starting from a 30 GBq [18F]fluoride batch (14–17%). LogP and LogD of [18F]DPA‐C5yne were measured using the shake‐flask method and values of 2.39 and 2.51 were found, respectively. Autoradiography studies performed on slices of ((R,S)‐α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolopropionique (AMPA)‐lesioned rat brains showed a high target‐to‐background ratio (1.9 ± 0.3). Selectivity and specificity of the binding for the translocator protein was demonstrated using DPA‐C5yne (unlabelled), PK11195 and Flumazenil (central benzodiazepine receptor ligand) as competitors. Furthermore, DPA‐C5yne proved to be stable in plasma at 37°C for at least 90 min.
De novo Stage IV breast cancer: Breast conserving resection of the primary tumor?
Authors: Khan Seema Ahsan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMultiple retrospective reviews completed over the past decade suggest a survival advantage with resection of the intact primary tumor in women with metastatic breast cancer. However, these reviews are not without bias, and recently completed randomized trials do not support a significant survival benefit, although local control benefits may exist. Completion of ongoing trials is needed to reach a definitive conclusion regarding the merit of primary tumor resection for local control and survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:51–57. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A stress and displacement discontinuity element method for elastic transversely anisotropic rock
Authors: Bobet A. , García Marín V. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThe paper presents closed‐form solutions for stress and displacement influence functions for stress discontinuity (SD) and displacement discontinuity (DD) elements, for a two‐dimensional plane‐strain elastic, transversely anisotropic medium. The solutions for SD elements are based on Kelvin's problem and for DD elements on the concept of dipoles. Stress and displacement influence functions are derived for the following elements: constant SD, linear SD, constant DD, linear DD, square root DD, parabolic DD, constant DD surface, and linear DD surface elements. The formulations are incorporated into FROCK, a hybridized boundary element method code, and are validated by providing comparisons between the results from FROCK and the finite element code ABAQUS. A limited parametric analysis shows the effects of slight anisotropy on the stress field around the tip of a crack and of the orientation of the crack with respect to the axes of elastic symmetry. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated non‐stepwise preparation of bioanalytical calibration standards and quality controls using an ultra‐low volume digitizing liquid dispenser
Authors: Liao Debra , Chen Susan , Paton Martin , Qian Mark G. 
Published: April 2014

RATIONALEStepwise preparation of calibration standards and quality controls (QCs) is one of the most routine and laborious steps in bioanalysis. An alternative non‐contact dispenser using low picoliter digitized dispensing technology is evaluated for its application in non‐stepwise preparation of calibration curve and QCs in bioanalysis.METHODSFluorescein was initially used to assess the accuracy and precision of dispense volumes with fluorescent measurement. Various concentrations of MX‐1, an in‐house proprietary small molecule compound, in neat solution and in dog plasma were prepared manually with calibrated pipettors and digitally by the digital dispenser. The plasma samples were extracted by protein precipitation. The resultant extracted samples and neat solutions of MX‐1 were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive ion mode with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of the mass transitions.RESULTSIn the three‐day precision and accuracy assessment of dispensing volumes between 13 pL to 411.2 nL, the intra‐day precision and accuracy ranged from 1.4% to 10.3% and –12.7% to 12.8%, respectively. The inter‐day precision and accuracy ranged from 3.5% to 7.8% and –6.6% to 10.4%, respectively. For real analysis of in vivo study samples, all 49 samples analyzed showed a less than 5% difference between calibrations with digital and manual curve preparations. The resultant pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were physiologically comparable as well.CONCLUSIONSUsing the digitized picoliter dispensing technology, high‐speed automated precise and accurate dispense of a wide range of volumes can be achieved and tests for bioanalytical standards and QC preparations passed the stringent criteria set forth for regulated bioanalysis using LC/MS/MS‐based technology. The digital dispenser has been found to be a useful tool in drug discovery for automatically preparing standards and QCs in seconds with low consumption of stock solutions and blank matrices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of erbium‐doped Ga‐Ge‐Sb‐S glasses
Authors: Pangavhane Sachinkumar Dagurao , Němec Petr , Nazabal Virginie , Moreac Alain , Jóvári Pál , Havel Josef 
Published: April 2014

RATIONALERare earth‐doped sulphide glasses in the Ga‐Ge‐Sb‐S system present radiative emissions from the visible to the middle infrared range (mid‐IR) range, which are of interest for a variety of applications including (bio)‐chemical optical sensing, light detection, and military counter‐measures. The aim of this work was to reveal structural motifs present during the fabrication of thin films by plasma deposition techniques as such knowledge is important for the optimization of thin film growth.METHODSThe formation of clusters in plasma plume from different concentrations of erbium‐doped Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 glasses (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt. % of erbium) using laser (337 nm) desorption ionization (LDI) was studied by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) in both positive and negative ion mode. The stoichiometry of the GamGenSboSp+/– clusters was determined via isotopic envelope analysis and computer modelling.RESULTSSeveral GamGenSboSp+/– singly charged clusters were found but, surprisingly, only four species (Sb3S4+/–, GaSb2Sp+/– (p = 4, 5), Ga3Sb2S7+/–) were common to both ion modes. For the first time, species containing rare earths (GaSb2SEr+ and GaS6Er2+) were identified in the plasma formed from rare earth‐doped chalcogenide glasses, directly confirming the importance of gallium presence for rare earth bonding within the glassy matrix.CONCLUSIONSThe local structure of Ga‐Ge‐Sb‐S glasses is at least partly different from the structure of species identified in plasma by mass spectrometry, as deduced from Raman scattering spectroscopy analysis; these glasses are mainly formed by [GeS4/2]/[GaS4/2] tetrahedra and [SbS3/2] pyramids. Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure measurements show that Er3+ ions in Ga‐Ge‐Sb‐S glasses are surrounded by 7 sulphur atoms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slope Descent using Plowing to Minimize Slip for Planetary Rovers
Authors: Loret de Mola Lemus Daniel , Kohanbash David , Moreland Scott , Wettergreen David 
Published: April 2014

Steep slopes of unconsolidated material at planetary destinations of recent interest, such as craters and skylights, defy descent by rovers due to uncontrolled slip. This work proposes a novel method based on braking by plowing to arrest slip during descent maneuvers on planetary terrains. The method covers two fundamental maneuvers: direct descent and point‐turning. For direct descent, an automatic control system estimates slip through visual odometry and actuates a plow accordingly. For point‐turning, the plow is engaged as a point of rotation. Experimental results showed that the slip control system for direct descent kept slip within ±5% for slopes as steep as 31° and for different commanded driving speeds. In the point‐turning tests, downhill displacement was less than 0.08 m on inclinations up to 30°. Thus, a plowing policy was developed that allows precise descent on extreme slopes by minimizing slip. As a result, this work expands current rover mobility and control capabilities.
Comparison of wind turbine wake properties in non‐sheared inflow predicted by different computational fluid dynamics rotor models
Authors: Troldborg Niels , Zahle Frederik , Réthoré Pierre‐Elouan , Sørensen Niels N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe wake of the 5MW reference wind turbine designed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is simulated using computational fluid dynamics with a fully resolved rotor geometry, an actuator line method and an actuator disc method, respectively. Simulations are carried out prescribing both uniform and turbulent inflows, and the wake properties predicted by the three models are compared. In uniform inflow, the wake properties predicted by the actuator disc and line methods are found to be in very close agreement but differ significantly from the wake of the fully resolved rotor, which is characterized by much higher turbulence levels. In the simulations with turbulent inflow, the wake characteristics predicted by the three methods are in close agreement, indicating that the differences observed in uniform inflow do not play an important role if the inflow is turbulent. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insights into molecular evolution from yeast genomics
Authors: Zarin Taraneh , Moses Alan M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEnabled by comparative genomics, yeasts have increasingly developed into a powerful model system for molecular evolution. Here we survey several areas in which yeast studies have made important contributions, including regulatory evolution, gene duplication and divergence, evolution of gene order and evolution of complexity. In each area we highlight key studies and findings based on techniques ranging from statistical analysis of large datasets to direct laboratory measurements of fitness. Future work will combine traditional evolutionary genetics analysis and experimental evolution with tools from systems biology to yield mechanistic insight into complex phenotypes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating Space With Place in Health Research: A Multilevel Spatial Investigation Using Child Mortality in 1880 Newark, New Jersey
Authors: Xu Hongwei , Logan John R. , Short Susan E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractResearch on neighborhoods and health increasingly acknowledges the need to conceptualize, measure, and model spatial features of social and physical environments. When ignoring underlying spatial dynamics, we run the risk of biased statistical inference and misleading results. In this article, we propose an integrated multilevel spatial approach for Poisson models of discrete responses. In an empirical example of child mortality in 1880 Newark, New Jersey, we compare this multilevel spatial approach with the more typical aspatial multilevel approach. Results indicate that spatially defined egocentric neighborhoods, or distance-based measures, outperform administrative areal units, such as census units. In addition, although results do not vary by specific definitions of egocentric neighborhoods, they are sensitive to geographic scale and modeling strategy. Overall, our findings confirm that adopting a spatial multilevel approach enhances our ability to disentangle the effect of space from that of place, pointing to the need for more careful spatial thinking in population research on neighborhoods and health.
Outcome for self‐expandable metal stents in patients with malignant gastroduodenal obstruction: A single center experience
Authors: Lee Kuei‐Chuan , Hsieh Yun‐Cheng , Perng Chin‐Lin , Chao Yee , Li Chung‐Pin , Hou Ming‐Chih , Lin Han‐Chieh 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundMalignant gastric outlet obstruction causes significant malnutrition and morbidity. The implantation of a metallic stent is an alternative palliative treatment to allow the intake of food in these patients.Patients and MethodsThirty‐eight consecutive patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction who had received an uncovered metallic stent placement in our department from April 2010 to April 2012 were enrolled for analysis. The mean follow‐up time was 6.3 months. Food intake, measured by the Gastric Outlet Obstruction Scoring System, complications, duration of stent patency, and survival were evaluated.ResultsThe technical and clinical success rates of the procedure were 100% and 94.7%, respectively. The Gastric Outlet Obstruction Scoring System scores were significantly improved at 1 day, 7 days, and 30 days after the implantation compared with those prior to the procedure (p < 0.001). Aspiration pneumonia developed in two patients (5.2%) after the procedure. One of these patients developed respiratory failure and died 3 days later. Stent dysfunction developed in 11 of 38 patients (28.9%) during the follow‐up period; one patient (2.6%) experienced migration of the stent 38 days later due to resolution of the stricture; 10 patients (26.3%) had stent restenosis. The median time of stent patency was 120 days. The presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis when the procedure was carried out was a significantly poor predictive factor of stent patency [hazard ratio (HR) 7.9, p = 0.039]. The median survival of the patients was 156 days. Poor performance status ≥3; HR 2.647, p = 0.012) and nongastric cancer origin (HR 3.466, p = 0.008) were associated with a significantly short survival time.ConclusionMetallic stent placement is an effective and relatively safe treatment for patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction.
High pre‐operative serum aminotransferase levels predict local recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chung Kun‐Ming , Chien Tsu‐Ming , Chuang Shih‐Sung , Wu Hung‐Chang , Sheu Ming‐Jen , Lin Ching‐Yih , Kuo Hsing‐Tao 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma is a common cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide because of the dissemination of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection. Surgical resection is the most important therapeutic option with a curative intent. Early tumor detection through screening and improvements in surgical techniques have significantly improved the outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. However, local recurrence after curative hepatic resection is common and is the most frequent cause of death in these patients.Patients and MethodsIn an attempt to identify the risk factors that predict tumor recurrence, we conducted this retrospective study in a single institution for a 6‐year period. Of the 100 consecutive patients who underwent curative tumor resection, we analyzed age, sex, viral etiology (hepatitis B virus vs. hepatitis C virus), preoperative levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, the α‐fetoprotein level, underlying liver disease status (chronic hepatitis vs. cirrhosis), number and size of tumors, type of resection, and presence of microvascular invasion.ResultsIn the median follow‐up period of 36 months (range, 12–85 months), the 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year overall survival rates were 90%, 84%, and 73%, respectively; tumor recurrence occurred in 38 (38%) patients and was the leading cause of death among the patients who died (15 of 17 patients; 88%). On univariate analysis, the only factor significantly associated with a higher incidence of tumor recurrence was preoperative levels of aspartate aminotransferase greater than twice the upper normal value (p < 0.01) and this factor remained significant with multivariate analysis. Subgroup analysis of the risk factor of early tumor recurrence (≤2 years) and late tumor recurrence (>2 years) was conducted and a preoperative aspartate aminotransferase level greater than twice the upper normal value was still significant in both groups (p = 0.02 and p = 0.044, respectively).ConclusionAlthough this is a small‐scale study, our findings could be easily applied clinically and used as readily available indicators to help the follow‐up algorithm. We also suggest antiviral management as soon as possible for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative resection, especially those with a high preoperative aspartate aminotransferase level.
Modified endoscopic mucosal resection of gastric heterotopic pancreas: Report of two cases
Authors: Liao Po‐Hao , Wang Horng‐Yuan , Shih Shou‐Chuan , Chen Ming‐Jen 
Published: April 2014

SummaryHeterotopic pancreas is a congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of ectopic pancreatic tissue far from the pancreas. The treatment of heterotopic pancreas may include expectant observation, endoscopic resection, or surgery. The aim of this study was to describe the technique of cap‐assisted endoscopic mucosal resection for the management of heterotopic pancreas of the stomach. Two patients, a 41‐year‐old woman and a 31‐year‐old man, were referred to us for the management of gastric subepithelial lesions. Endoscopic ultrasound was used in the female patient to disclose two small hypoechoic lesions arising from the submucosal layer. Cap‐assisted endoscopic mucosal resection was performed in both patients without complications. Histopathological examination of the resected specimens showed heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the submucosal layer. Our technique is a suction, snaring, and cut method. This method does not need a special cap with a shallow circumferential lip on the inside and the snare does not need to be pre‐looped. This technique allowed a histopathological confirmation of the suspected diagnosis in both patients.