bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive monitoring of adrenocortical activity in European badgers (Meles meles) and effects of sample collection and storage on faecal cortisol metabolite concentrations
Authors: Barja Isabel , Escribano-Ávila Gema , Lara-Romero Carlos , Virgós Emilio , Benito Javier , Rafart Elena 
Published: November 2012

Due to the increasing demand for methods to quantify adrenal activity in response to stressors in wild animals, we evaluated whether stimulation with adrenocorticopic hormone (ACTH) increases faecal cortisol metabolite levels in European badgers. We also conducted several experiments to evaluate the effect of storage time and collection methods on cortisol metabolite levels of faecal samples. Faecal samples were collected from five captive European badgers (Meles meles) and cortisol metabolites were quantified by an enzyme immunoassay. Faecal cortisol metabolite levels increased 1-2 days after ACTH injection and dropped to pre-treatment levels 3 days after ACTH stimulation. We found that cortisol metabolite levels were not affected by the 8-hour time lapse from collection in the field until freezing of faecal samples, environmental exposure (temperature 25.66 ± 2.55°C; range 21.20-32.20) or mean relative humidity 62.77 ± 9.90% (range 42.00-79.00). Cortisol metabolites were not homogenously distributed in the scats. Cortisol metabolite levels were significantly lower when faecal extracts and samples were frozen for long periods of time (14 weeks or more). Thus, the measurement of faecal cortisol metabolites is a suitable method for the non-invasive evaluation of adrenocortical activity in European badgers. However, some aspects related to the collection and storage of faecal samples should be considered in future studies conducted with this species.
The World Bank Administrative Tribunal’s External Sources of Law: The Next Chapter (2006–2010) (Part I)
Authors: Hansen Peter C. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The World Bank Administrative Tribunal has begun its second quarter-century with a jurisprudential flowering of extraordinary proportions. Mr. Hansen’s study, which builds on his earlier 25-year retrospective, comprehensively surveys the Tribunal’s numerous doctrinal developments during this time. In this article, which is part one of two, Mr. Hansen revisits two of the four subjects explored in his retrospective: (i) the roles of the contract of employment, Bank rules, international treaties and national laws in the composition of the pactum established between a staff member and the Bank; and (ii) the development of binding custom from the practices of the Bank, other institutions and national governments. The third and fourth subjects, which deal with the Tribunal’s use of general legal principles and precedents drawn from international and domestic tribunals, shall be handled in the forthcoming second part of this study. Extensively footnoted, Mr. Hansen’s study is intended for both academics and practitioners specializing in international administrative law and comparative international jurisprudence.
Conscientious Objection to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: International Human Rights Standards and European Law and Practice
Authors: Zampas Christina , Andión-Ibañez Ximena 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The practice of conscientious objection often arises in the area of individuals refusing to fulfil compulsory military service requirements and is based on the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion as protected by national, international and regional human rights law. The practice of conscientious objection also arises in the field of health care, when individual health care providers or institutions refuse to provide certain health services based on religious, moral or philosophical objections. The use of conscientious objection by health care providers to reproductive health care services, including abortion, contraceptive prescriptions, and prenatal tests, among other services is a growing phenomena throughout Europe. However, despite recent progress from the European Court of Human Rights on this issue (RR v. Poland, 2011), countries and international and regional bodies generally have failed to comprehensively and effectively regulate this practice, denying many women reproductive health care services they are legally entitled to receive. The Italian Ministry of Health reported that in 2008 nearly 70% of gynaecologists in Italy refuse to perform abortions on moral grounds. It found that between 2003 and 2007 the number of gynaecologists invoking conscientious objection in their refusal to perform an abortion rose from 58.7 percent to 69.2 percent. Italy is not alone in Europe, for example, the practice is prevalent in Poland, Slovakia, and is growing in the United Kingdom. This article outlines the international and regional human rights obligations and medical standards on this issue, and highlights some of the main gaps in these standards. It illustrates how European countries regulate or fail to regulate conscientious objection and how these regulations are working in practice, including examples of jurisprudence from national level courts and cases before the European Court of Human Rights. Finally, the article will provide recommendations to national governments as well as to international and regional bodies on how to regulate conscientious objection so as to both respect the practice of conscientious objection while protecting individual’s right to reproductive health care.
Case Report on C-411/10, N.S. and C-493/10, M.E. and Others, 21 December 2011
Authors: Lieven Sophie 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The European Court of Justice clarified through this judgment the way in which the overloading of a Member States’ asylum system affects the EU arrangements for determining the Member State responsible for asylum applications lodged in the EU and thereby drastically reduced the possibility granted to Member States to transfer asylum applicants. The Member States now have an obligation to verify that no serious risk of violation of the Charter rights of the applicant exits in the receiving country before being allowed to transfer the person. The practical consequences of this ruling are still uncertain but further cooperation between Member States should be able to enhance the level of protection of human rights within the Common European Asylum System.
Television and the Gospel of Entertainment in Ghana
Authors: de Witte Marleen 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Charismatic-Pentecostal ‘media ministries’ have become very successful in Africa’s new media fields. They shape new forms of public religiosity that spill over into various forms of popular culture and resonate with broad audiences. This article explores the emergence of new Pentecostal publics at the intersection of media, religion, and entertainment in Ghana, raising critical questions concerning the relations between these domains. It analyses two different religious television broadcasts: a television ministry by a well-known celebrity pastor and a gospel reality show featuring a preaching competition for youth. It also considers the debates and concerns such programmes evoke locally. The analysis shows that Pentecostalism’s employment of popular media and entertainment styles is an effective source of persuasive power, but also poses challenges with regard to binding people as committed Christians. The blurring of boundaries between religion and entertainment business causes insecurities about the authenticity of religious authority and religious subjectivity.
Discovering the Presence of Christ in the World: Dietrich Bonhoeffer's Contribution to the Discussion on the Authority of the Bible in the Church
Authors: KLAUSNITZER WOLFGANG 
Published: November 2012

Abstract<title> ABSTRACT </title>How should we commemorate Bonhoeffer in this anniversary year of his execution? While Bonhoeffer's legacy has been contested, especially in German theology, and his theological influence has declined, we continue to be fascinated by him as a person. Bonhoeffer's life and death is a paradigm of the right relationship between faith and practice, i.e. of discipleship. This can be linked to developments in biblical hermeneutics that stress the original context of the text and the need for a response by the reader to bring out its relevance. Bonhoeffer's ecumenical significance is evidenced by his affinity to Karl Rahner ― both affirmed the prior unacknowledged presence of Christ in the secular world - and to the Ignatian Exercises.
LA CRITICA DI VINCENZO GALILEI AL MISTICISMO NUMERICO DI GIOSEFFO ZARLINO
Authors: SARGOLINI FEDERICA 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The long and bitter dispute between Gioseffo Zarlino, the foremost musical theorist of the sixteenth century, and Vincenzo Galilei, practical musician and Galileo's father, raises important issues as it concerns the methodological approach towards musical phenomena. In particular, the present work shows that the true overthrowing of Zarlino's a priori approach (besides the relationship between music and words and other aspects of content) can be found in a new conception of numbers, namely the passage from numerical and theoretical mysticism (dating back to the Pythagorean approach) to an empirical methodology. The description of this new way to treat numbers (as instruments) is shown through an analysis of two of Vincenzo Galilei's manuscript essays: the Discorso particolare intorno alle forme del Diapason and the Discorso particolare intorno all'Unisono. The originality of these works lies in their presentation of factual experiments.
LA DISGRCE DE GALILE DANS LES APES URBANAE: SUR LA FABRIQUE DU TEXTE DE LEONE ALLACCI
Authors: CERBU THOMAS , LERNER MICHEL-PIERRE 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Il manoscritto delle APES Urbanae di Allacci mostra come il riserbo del suo articolo su Galileo possa essere direttamente attribuito alla decisione presa da Urbano VIII nel giugno 1633 di mettere al bando il Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo e di imporre l'abiura a Galileo. L'articolo ebbe due prime versioni. La prima citava un generoso encomio tributato a Galileo da Maffeo Barberini, ancora cardinale, mentre la seconda presentava una citazione completa del Dialogo, elementi che vennero entrambi successivamente rimossi. Nonostante questa censura, l'articolo contiene informazioni che Allacci pu aver ottenuto solo da fonti vicine a Galileo.
GENESIS GEOLOGY: A VERY ENGLISH COMPROMISE
Authors: KNIGHT DAVID 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title William Buckland vinse una medaglia della Royal Society nel 1822 per una serie di ricerche che sembravano dimostrare la realt del Diluvio universale. Nel 1830 il suo allievo Chares Lyell inizi la pubblicazione del suo Principles of Geology, nel quale la Bibbia e la scala temporale in essa proposta venivano ad assumere un ruolo irrilevante. Nel Bridgewater Treatise del 1837 Buckland dimostr di aver cambiato idea, pur senza venire meno al suo progetto ideale. Egli reinterpret la genesi attraverso un compromesso che resistette per due secoli, fino alla pubblicazione de The Origin of Species del 1859. La victor's history scritta da T. H. Huxley ed i suoi alleati ha in seguito reso difficile comprendere la posizione di Buckland, un ecclesiastico che insegnava la scienza in una universit clericale e che aveva contemporaneamente fiducia sia nella Bibbia che nelle prove geologiche. Uno studio del contesto nel quale egli oper riveste perci un sicuro interesse dal punto di vista storico.
VITO VOLTERRA ORGANIZZATORE SCIENTIFICO E LA NASCITA DELLA BIOLOGIA MATEMATICA IN ITALIA
Authors: ANDREOZZI LUCIANO 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title In the last few decades quite a few articles have been published concerning Volterra's contributions to biomathematics. These articles are usually focused on the works of Volterra published after 1926, while they overlook Volterra's intense activity as scientific organizer in the field of oceanographic studies in the years that span from 1910 - the year of his celebrated dissertation about the applications of mathematics to social and biological sciences - to 1925, when he met his prospective son-in-law Umberto D'Ancona. In this article I shall try to fill this gap by telling the history of Volterra's scientific collaboration with Italian biologists (such as Giovan Battista Grassi, Luigi de Marchi and Gustavo Brunelli) in the decades before his meeting with Umberto D'Ancona. This story is worth telling because it helps to explain the stronger emphasis Volterra placed in his first biomathematical papers on the importance of the applications of mathematics to biology for practical matters (such as the prevention of epidemics and the enhancement of the fishing industry) rather than on more theoretical issues, which he tackled only in the last years of his life.
CORRISPONDENZA DI GIOVANNI BATTISTA AMICI CON GIOVANNI PLANA1
Authors: MESCHIARI ALBERTO 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The correspondence between Giovanni Battista Amici and the Astronomer Royal of Turin Giovanni Plana belonging to the Estense Library in Modena (Fondo Amici and Autografoteca Campori), consists of 36 letters altogether. Undoubtedly it represents a document of a great interest for the history of science, especially where it discusses the application of probabilities to astronomical observations, and the new wave-theory of light of Young and Fresnel.
DOCUMENTS RELATIFS L'HISTOIRE DE L'ASTRONOMIE CHINOISE ET AUX RAPPORTS SCIENTIFIQUES ENTRE L'EUROPE ET LA CHINE (XVIIE-XIXE SICLES) CONSERVS LA BIBLIOTHQUE DE L'OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS
Authors: IANNACCONE ISAIA 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Nella biblioteca dell'Osservatorio Astronomico di Parigi sono conservati numerosi documenti d'epoca, relativi ai rapporti scientifici Europa-Cina tra i secoli XVII-XIX. Tra essi, corrispondenze, carte, opere, note e osservazioni astronomiche di scienziati gesuiti missionari in Cina, quali A. Gaubil (1689-1759), F. Verbiest (1623-1688), I. Kgler (1680-1746), ecc., traduzioni di testi cinesi, tra cui spicca una copia sei-settecentesca del Bu Tian Ge (Poesie sui movimenti del cielo, circa 590 d.C.) tradotta e commentata da A. Gaubil. L'interesse dei documenti investe non soltanto il campo astronomico, ma anche quelli geografico, antropologico, linguistico, di costume, ecc., ed essi sono indispensabili per lo studio comparato dell'evoluzione scientifica in Europa e in Cina, e per la conoscenza storica in generale. L'articolo si prefigge di recuperare, analizzare, mettere in valore e presentare in modo sistematico questo patrimonio di documenti.
NEL DEDALO DEL CIELO. GASSENDI E LE MACCHIE SOLARI IN UN INEDITO DEL 1633
Authors: GUERRINI LUIGI 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The present article presents an unpublished essay-letter dated 29 september 1633 from Pierre Gassendi to Nicolas Fabri de Peiresc. Gassendi send to Aix-en-Provence a detailed comment on Charles Malapert's Sydera Borbonica, reporting both on the Galileo-Scheiner polemic and on his ideas concerning the sunspots. The present article reconstructs the development of Gassendi's astronomical thoughts on sunspots, using the argument offered by this unpublished letter.
THE LEGACY OF DAVID WHEATLAND
Authors: ANDREWES WILLIAM J. H. 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title David P. Wheatland, the principal founder of Harvard University's Collection of Historical Instruments, began his own personal collection in 1949 with the hope that it would one day enrich Harvard's collection as a resource for teaching and research. This paper concerns the origin and growth of Wheatland's collection between 1949 and 1981, focusing on the main individuals from whom he acquired his instruments.
ALAIN BRIEUX, DEALER AND SCHOLAR IN PARIS: HIS ARCHIVE ON SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
Authors: MRZER BRUYNS WILLEM F. J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title Alain Brieux (1922-1985) ran an antiquarian book shop in the rue Jacob, in Paris. He dealt in books on the history of science and medicine, and in historical scientific instruments. He was a self-educated scholar who published on the subject of his trade, and became an expert on Islamic astrolabes. In 1972 Brieux was involved in the discovery of the identity of an Englishman who made forgeries of historic instruments. The purpose of this article is to draw the attention of scholars and institutions to the archives of the Brieux businnes. These were accumulated over a period of twenty-five years, and still belong to the business which is now run by his widow.
THE DEREK PRICE ARCHIVE AT THE ADLER PLANETARIUM
Authors: STEPHENSON BRUCE 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The scholarly legacy of Derek Price resides in two archives one at La Villette near Paris and one at the Adler Planetarium Astronomy Museum in Chicago. The Adler archive is primarily photographic, comprising several thousand prints and hundreds of slides, lantern slides, and large-format transparencies. The largest subject categories are Astrolabes and Sundials. In addition to this photography, the archive includes sketches and photographs of the Antikythera mechanism and a written appraisal of the Adler collection circa 1960.
THERMOMETERS IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: J. B. MICHELI DU CREST'S WORKS AND THE COOPERATION WITH G.F. BRANDER
Authors: TALAS SOFIA 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Jacques Barthlmy Micheli du Crest propose nel 1741 un termometro che acquist all'epoca molta fama. Questo articolo esamina il contributo di Micheli alla standardizzazione dei termometri, sottolineando anche l'influenza che esercitarono le idee di Micheli su Jean Antoine Nollet e sullo sviluppo dei cosiddetti termometri di Raumur. Georg Friederich Brander, costruttore di strumenti scientifici ad Augsburg, si occup di costruire e vendere i termometri di Micheli. I rapporti fra Brander e Micheli sono illustrati attraverso la loro corrispondenza, inedita fino ad ora. Viene inoltre esaminato uno dei pochi termometri di Micheli costruiti da Brander tuttora esistenti.
19TH CENTURY SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT ADVERTISING
Authors: BRENNI PAOLO 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Le prime forme di pubblicit relative al commercio degli strumenti scientifici risalgono alla seconda met del XVI secolo. Piccoli annunci, semplici cataloghi e carte da visita illustrate sono comuni nel '700, ma la pubblicit degli strumenti scientifici diventa assai pi sofisticata e aggressiva a partire dal XIX secolo. Si moltiplicano i cataloghi illustrati e ponderosi, gli annunci su riviste e trattati scientifici, mentre le esposizioni universali che costellano la seconda met dell'Ottocento e gli show room dei costruttori, rappresentano nuovi mezzi per propagandare gli strumenti e stimolarne il commercio. In questo articolo viene illustrata l'evoluzione delle varie forme di pubblicit utilizzate dai costruttori nel corso del XIX secolo ed analizzata l'influenza che esse hanno avuto sull'andamento del mercato degli strumenti scientifici e sullo sviluppo dell'industria di precisione.
THE CONSTITUTION OF WHITE LIGHT, A SOURCE FOR THE NEW QUESTIONS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS
Authors: LOMBARDI ANNA MARIA 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Queste pagine hanno lo scopo di ricostruire un dibattito che ebbe vasta popolarit a cavallo tra il diciannovesimo ed il ventesimo secolo, incentrato sulla struttura della radiazione non monocromatica. La discussione gioc un ruolo importante nel mettere a fuoco alcune tematiche, in seguito destinate a diventare tipiche della imminente meccanica quantistica. In particolare, in questo contesto che si avvia l'indagine sul significato fisico dei modi normali, ovvero delle singole componenti di uno sviluppo di Fourier.
LA COLLEZIONE DELLE TESI DI MEDICINA SOSTENUTE A PARIGI DAL 1798 AL 1860
Authors: CASATI STEFANO 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The Library of the Institute and Museum of the History of Science of Florence has recently enriched its special Collections with the acquisition of a set of medical theses, theses presented and defended in Paris between 1789 and 1860. This extraordinary collection, some 10,000 items, documents the development of the medical sciences in nineteenth century France and Europe.
ORCHESTRATING OBSERVATORY, LABORATORY, AND FIELD: JULES JANSSEN, THE SPECTROSCOPE, AND TRAVEL
Authors: AUBIN DAVID 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title In the last third of the nineteenth century, astrospectroscopy played a prominent part in orchestrating transitions undergone by three sites of knowledge production: the observatory, the laboratory, and the field expedition. Early astrophysicists carved out for themselves a specific social space by adopting experimental techniques and practices stemming out of the laboratory, and adapting them to the observatory and the field traditions, and more generally by easing the back-and-forth transfer of practices from one site to another. Taking advantage of the circulation culture constitutive of the observatory sciences, the 'new astronomy' provides a useful standpoint from which historians can examine anew the 'institutional revolution' in the laboratory sciences in chemistry, physics, and physiology. To exemplify this process, the French reception of Bunsen and Kirchhoff's work and Jules Janssen's trip to Italy in 1862-1863 are here discussed.
BUILDING A JAPANESE RESEARCH TRADITION IN PHYSICS: HANTARO NAGAOKA AND THE SPECTROSCOPE1
Authors: FREIBURGER DANA A. 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title Hantaro Nagaoka (1865-1950) became one the foremost Japanese professors of physics and was notable for a Saturnian model of the atom he first proposed in 1903. However, he later abandoned this model and turned to spectroscopy in order to understand the structure of the atom. Most histories of physics speak well of Nagaoka for his theoretical work on an atomic model, but have largely overlooked Nagaoka's several decades of experimental spectroscopic work. This paper examines Nagaoka's research involving the spectroscope and how it helped to establish a Japanese research tradition in physics.
DON MINIATO PITTI AND THE SECOND LIFE OF A SCIENTIST'S TOOLS IN CINQUECENTO FLORENCE
Authors: ROSEN MARK 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Assai stimato nel tardo Cinquecento, lo scienziato e cosmografo fiorentino Don Miniato Pitti ha lasciato un solo strumento inequivocabilmente attribuibile a lui. Un documento scoperto di recente rivela che subito dopo la sua morte, avvenuta nel 1566, Egnazio Danti, giovane cosmografo del Duca, comper alcuni apparati e strumenti di Pitti, nonch diversi oggetti artistici. Tali acquisti da parte di Danti, segno evidente dell'alta considerazione in cui teneva il suo predecessore, attestano anche la circolazione degli strumenti all'interno della comunit scientifica.