bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agonist pharmacology at recombinant α1A‐ and α1L‐adrenoceptors and in lower urinary tract α1‐adrenoceptors
Authors: Yoshiki Hatsumi , Uwada Junsuke , Umada Hidenori , Kobayashi Tadashi , Takahashi Toshihiro , Yamakawa Tomio , Yamaguchi Akio , Yokoyama Osamu , Muramatsu Ikunobu 
Published: September 2013

Background and PurposeTwo distinct α1‐adrenoceptor phenotypes (α1A and α1L) have recently been demonstrated to originate from a single α1A‐adrenoceptor gene. Here, we examined the agonist profiles of recombinant α1A and α1L phenotypes and of lower urinary tract (LUT) α1‐adrenoceptors.Experimental ApproachA series of drugs (A61603, Ro 115–1240, NS‐49 , MK017 and ESR1150) originally developed for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) therapy were used to stimulate recombinant α1A‐ and α1L‐adrenoceptor phenotypes, and their potencies and intrinsic activity estimated from Ca2+ responses. Agonist‐induced contractions were also examined in LUT tissues of rats and humans and in human mesenteric artery and rat tail artery.Key ResultsAll the drugs were potent agonists of the α1A‐adrenoceptor compared with the α1L‐adrenoceptor phenotype. Among them, Ro 115–1240 was shown to be an α1A‐specific partial agonist that produced partial contractions through α1A‐adrenoceptors in rat prostate and tail artery, but not in the other LUT tissues and human mesenteric artery. In contrast, P‐come 102 showed full agonist activity at α1A‐ and α1L‐adrenoceptors, but was less selective than noradrenaline for α1A‐adrenoceptors. Like noradrenaline, P‐come 102 was highly potent at inducing contractions in all of the LUT tissues tested. However, the potency and intrinsic activity of P‐come 102 were significantly lower than those of noradrenaline in human mesenteric artery.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe α1A‐ and α1L‐adrenoceptor phenotypes and LUT α1‐adrenoceptors were demonstrated to have distinct agonist profiles. As adrenergic contractions in LUT are predominantly mediated through α1L‐adrenoceptors, the development of α1L‐selective agonists may provide clinically useful drugs for SUI therapy.
Influence of Prosthetic Parameters on Peri‐Implant Bone Resorption in the First Year of Loading: A Multi‐Factorial Analysis
Authors: Hof Markus , Pommer Bernhard , Zukic Nizama , Vasak Christoph , Lorenzoni Martin , Zechner Werner 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe first year of prosthetic loading is crucial to peri‐implant bone levels; however, contributing factors are yet barely understood.PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of patient‐, implant‐, and prosthetic‐related parameters on marginal bone resorption in partially edentulous patients within the first year of prosthetic loading.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective multifactorial analysis involved the following influencing factors: patient gender and age, implant diameter, implant location and neck design, insertion torque, insertion depth, splinted versus single‐tooth restorations, crown height space, and crown‐to‐implant ratio.ResultsMean peri‐implant bone resorption around 200 dental implants was 0.98 ± 0.76 mm and significantly correlated to higher implant insertion depth (p < .001), whereas no association to prosthetic parameters could be observed.ConclusionsWithin the limits of the present analysis, it can be concluded that apical implant positioning may constitute a relevant determinant of early peri‐implant bone resorption.
Mapping Hotspots of Threatened Species Traded in Bushmeat Markets in the Cross–Sanaga Rivers Region
Authors: FA JULIA E. , FARFÁN MIGUEL ANGEL , MARQUEZ ANA LUZ , DUARTE JESÚS , NACKONEY JANET , HALL AMY , DUPAIN JEF , SEYMOUR SARAH , JOHNSON PAUL J. , MACDONALD DAVID W. , VARGAS J. MARIO 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBushmeat markets exist in many countries in West and Central Africa, and data on species sold can be used to detect patterns of wildlife trade in a region. We surveyed 89 markets within the Cross–Sanaga rivers region, West Africa. In each market, we counted the number of carcasses of each taxon sold. During a 6‐month period (7594 market days), 44 mammal species were traded. Thirteen species were on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List or protected under national legislation, and at least 1 threatened species was traded in 88 of the 89 markets. We used these data to identify market groups that traded similar species assemblages. Using cluster analyses, we detected 8 market groups that were also geographically distinct. Market groups differed in the diversity of species, evenness of species, and dominant, prevalent, and characteristic species traded. We mapped the distribution of number of threatened species traded across the study region. Most threatened species were sold in markets nearest 2 national parks, Korup National Park in Cameroon and Cross River in Nigeria. To assess whether the threatened‐species trade hotspots coincided with the known ranges of these species, we mapped the overlap of all threatened species traded. Markets selling more threatened species overlapped with those regions that had higher numbers of these. Our study can provide wildlife managers in the region with better tools to discern zones within which to focus policing efforts and reduce threats to species that are threatened by the bushmeat trade.Mapeo de Sitios Críticos para Especies Amenazadas Comercializadas en Mercados de Vida Silvestre en la Región de los Ríos Cross‐Sanaga
The co‐evolution of social institutions, demography, and large‐scale human cooperation
Authors: Powers Simon T. , Lehmann Laurent 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHuman cooperation is typically coordinated by institutions, which determine the outcome structure of the social interactions individuals engage in. Explaining the Neolithic transition from small‐ to large‐scale societies involves understanding how these institutions co‐evolve with demography. We study this using a demographically explicit model of institution formation in a patch‐structured population. Each patch supports both social and asocial niches. Social individuals create an institution, at a cost to themselves, by negotiating how much of the costly public good provided by cooperators is invested into sanctioning defectors. The remainder of their public good is invested in technology that increases carrying capacity, such as irrigation systems. We show that social individuals can invade a population of asocials, and form institutions that support high levels of cooperation. We then demonstrate conditions where the co‐evolution of cooperation, institutions, and demographic carrying capacity creates a transition from small‐ to large‐scale social groups.
Herbicide‐resistant weeds: from research and knowledge to future needs
Authors: Busi Roberto , Vila‐Aiub Martin M. , Beckie Hugh J. , Gaines Todd A. , Goggin Danica E. , Kaundun Shiv S. , Lacoste Myrtille , Neve Paul , Nissen Scott J. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Renton Michael , Shaner Dale L. , Tranel Patrick J. , Wright Terry , Yu Qin , Powles Stephen B. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSynthetic herbicides have been used globally to control weeds in major field crops. This has imposed a strong selection for any trait that enables plant populations to survive and reproduce in the presence of the herbicide. Herbicide resistance in weeds must be minimized because it is a major limiting factor to food security in global agriculture. This represents a huge challenge that will require great research efforts to develop control strategies as alternatives to the dominant and almost exclusive practice of weed control by herbicides. Weed scientists, plant ecologists and evolutionary biologists should join forces and work towards an improved and more integrated understanding of resistance across all scales. This approach will likely facilitate the design of innovative solutions to the global herbicide resistance challenge.
Successful treatment of chronic grass sickness in a donkey
Authors: Mellor N. E. , Bladon B. , Foote A. K. , O'Meara B. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThis case report outlines the successful management of a case of chronic grass sickness in a donkey and highlights that the occurrence of grass sickness may be underestimated in this species. Furthermore, grass sickness should be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases of inappetance and ill thrift in donkeys.
Detection of Herpesvirus anguillae during two mortality investigations of wild European eel in England: implications for fishery management
Authors: Armitage J. , Hewlett N. R. , Twigg M. , Lewin N. C. , Reading A. J. , Williams C. F. , Aprahamian M. , Way K. , Feist S. W. , Peeler E. J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHerpesvirus anguillae (HVA) was detected during disease investigations of European eel, Anguilla anguilla L. at two stillwater fisheries in central England. These represent the first records of HVA from UK eels. Both mortalities were eel‐specific and took place during August 2009 and July 2010 at water temperatures between 17 and 19.4 °C. Pathological changes consistent with HVA infection included haemorrhaging in the fins, skin lesions and necrosis within the gills and liver. Transmission electron microscopy revealed active virion replication within the gill tissue. An initial assessment of risk is presented, indicating that HVA represents a high disease risk to UK eel stocks. However, further studies are required to establish the distribution of HVA before a reliable assessment of impact may be obtained. Until then, the detection of HVA holds important implications for eel conservation and management, in particular eel stocking activity.
Nocturia among elderly men living in a rural area in Egypt, and its impact on sleep quality and health‐related quality of life
Authors: Abdel Rahman Tomader Taha , El Gaafary Maha Mohammed 
Published: September 2013

AimNocturia is such a commonplace occurrence in the lives of many older adults that it is frequently overlooked as a potential cause of sleep disturbance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of nocturia among elderly men living in a rural area in Egypt, and its impact on sleep quality and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study. A total of 1200 elderly men participated in the survey. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Arabic version and the short form‐36 (SF‐36) were used in this survey.ResultsThe prevalence of nocturia in the studied participants (≥1 void/night) was 63.5%. With the criterion (≥2 voids/night) the prevalence was 46.0%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that nocturia is an independent risk factor of poor sleep quality (OR 5.08), and poor sleep is an independent risk factor of the poor physical component of QoL (OR 17.6) and the mental component of QoL (OR 3.2).ConclusionNocturia is widely prevalent among elderly men living in a rural area in Egypt. The adverse effect of nocturia on QoL is related to poor sleep. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 613–619.
Incidence of certified need of care in the long‐term care insurance system and its risk factors in the elderly of Japanese population‐based cohorts: The ROAD study
Authors: Akune Toru , Muraki Shigeyuki , Oka Hiroyuki , Tanaka Sakae , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Tokimura Fumiaki , Yoshida Hideyo , Suzuki Takao , Nakamura Kozo , Yoshimura Noriko 
Published: September 2013

AimTo examine the incidence of certified need of care in the national long‐term care insurance (LTCI) system, and to determine its risk factors in the elderly of Japanese population‐based cohorts of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study.MethodsOf the 3040 participants in the baseline examination of the ROAD study, we enrolled 1773 (699 men, 1074 women) aged 65 years or older who were not certified as in need of care level elderly at baseline. Participants were followed for incident certification of need of care in the LTCI system. Associated factors in the baseline examination with occurrence were determined by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Muscle dysfunction was defined in accordance with the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People algorithm for screening sarcopenia.ResultsA total of 54 men and 115 women were certified as in need of care level elderly during the average 4.0‐year follow up. The incidence was 2.0 and 2.5 per 100 person‐years in men and women, respectively. Identified risk factors were region, age, body mass index <18.5 or ≥27.5 kg/m2, grip strength, knee extension torque, usual gait speed, chair stand time and muscle dysfunction.ConclusionsBoth underweight and obesity, as well as low muscle strength and physical ability, are risk factors for certification of need of care. Considering muscle dysfunction is a risk factor for occurrence, screened individuals are recommended to receive early intervention programs regardless of muscle volume. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 695–701.
Intranasal Zolmitriptan for the Treatment of Acute Migraine
Authors: Tepper Stewart J. , Chen Susy , Reidenbach Faith , Rapoport Alan M. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo review the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, tolerability, and patient acceptance of zolmitriptan nasal spray (NS).BackgroundGastroparesis may delay or diminish the absorption of oral triptans, and nausea or vomiting may do the same and/or make it difficult to take a tablet. Some migraineurs require or prefer faster relief than oral medications provide. Injectable triptans provide the fastest drug delivery into the bloodstream, but many patients are reluctant to use them. Nasal sprays may address some of the problems with tablets and injectables while still providing rapid absorption of drug.MethodsNon‐systematic review.ResultsSignificant levels of zolmitriptan NS are detectable in plasma within 2‐5 minutes, and the rapid absorption is due to early uptake through the nasal mucosa. In 2 randomized trials, users of zolmitriptan NS were significantly more likely than placebo recipients to be pain‐free at 15 minutes post‐dose, the first time point measured, and about half of patients had sustained response at 24 hours. Studies in which patients could treat a migraine of any severity have documented significant headache response or relief with zolmitriptan NS at 10 minutes. In one trial, the rate of total symptom relief was significantly better with the NS than with placebo from 30 minutes post‐dose. The most common side effect of zolmitriptan NS is unusual taste. Patient satisfaction studies indicate that zolmitriptan NS is appreciated for its speed of onset, ease of use, reliability, and overall efficacy.ConclusionsZolmitriptan NS provides onset of headache relief within 10 minutes for some patients and quickly abolishes some of the major migraine symptoms. Good candidates are migraineurs whose episodes rapidly escalate to moderate‐to‐severe pain and those who have morning migraine, have a quick time to vomiting, or have failed oral triptans.
A bibliometric approach demonstrates the impact of a social care data set on research and policy
Authors: Urquhart Christine , Dunn Sara 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe National Minimum Dataset for Social Care (NMDS‐SC) has provided detailed data since 2006 on the workforce for adult social care services in England. In 2012, the organisation responsible for the data set commissioned an evaluation into the impact of the data set on researchers and policymakers.ObjectiveDiscusses how a novel wide‐ranging bibliometric approach, complemented by interviews of key informants, demonstrated the developing impact of the data set.MethodsThe evaluation comprised web metrics to assess NMDS‐SC‐related traffic on relevant websites; bibliometrics to assess the use of NMDS‐SC data in scholarly publications and grey literature; telephone interviews with 12 key users of the data set; and an online survey completed by 24 key users of the data set. A theoretical framework for research impact was used.ResultsThe web metrics demonstrated increase in traffic on the relevant pages of the organisation's website. There were references to the data set in 175 separate publications (15% from academic journals, 50% as policy/practice reports and 35% as media communications. Interviews evidenced many impacts, for example provision of robust data for secondary analysis that challenged conventional views about the social care workforce.ConclusionBibliometrics plus interviews provided a rounded picture of the data set's impact.
Disease characteristics of bovine spongiform encephalopathy following inoculation into mice via three different routes
Authors: Vickery Christopher M. , Beck Katy E. , Simmons Marion M. , Hawkins Stephen A. C. , Spiropoulos John 
Published: September 2013

SummaryMouse‐adapted transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) strains are routinely distinguished based on reproducible disease characteristics in a given mouse line following inoculation via a consistent route. We investigated whether different administration routes (oral, intragastric (i.g.) and intracerebral (i.c.)) can alter the disease characteristics in IM mice after serial dilution of a stabilized mouse‐adapted bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) strain (301V). In addition, the infectivity of distal ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes (ln) sampled at three time points (35 days postinoculation (dpi), 70 dpi and terminal disease) after i.g. inoculation of 301V strain was assessed in mice by i.c. challenge. Strain characteristics were assessed according to standard methodology and PrPSc immunohistochemistry deposition patterns. Mean incubation periods were prolonged following oral or i.g. inoculations compared to the i.c. route. Lesion profiles following i.c. challenges were elevated compared to i.g. and oral routes although vacuolation in the dorsal medulla was consistently high irrespective of the route of administration. Nevertheless, the same PrPSc deposition pattern was associated with each route of administration. Distal and mesenteric ln infectivity was detected as early as 35 dpi and displayed consistent lesion profiles and PrPSc deposition patterns. Our data suggest that although 301V retained its properties, some phenotypic parameters were affected by the route of inoculation. We conclude that bioassay data should be interpreted carefully and should be standardized for route of inoculation.
Evaluation of autologous blood clot subsegmental pulmonary thromboembolism in minimally invasive experimental canine model
Authors: Kang Min‐Hee , Park Hee‐Myung 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe incidence and significance of subsegmental pulmonary (SSP) thromboembolism is currently under investigation. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and diagnostic features of SSP thromboembolism in an experimental canine model. Obstruction of pulmonary arterial branches was induced in three beagle dogs by intravenous injection of a barium‐coated autologous blood clot (size, approximately 1.7 × 5 mm). The clinical signs, haemodynamic changes (blood pressure, electrocardiogram, echocardiography), coagulation (aPTT, PT, FDPs and D‐dimer test) and cytokine variations (TNF‐a, IL‐4, IL‐6, and IL‐10) were evaluated over a 24‐hour period. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with contrast was conducted to evaluate the pulmonary obstruction, and histopathological confirmation was performed. Pulmonary artery pressure gradient (PAPG) was increased 12 h after the autologous blood clot injection (14.2 ± 2.8 mmHg to 23.6 ± 1.7 mmHg, P = 0.003) and normalized 24 h later (P < 0.01). Infused radiopaque clots were confirmed with MDCT and histopathological examination. Pulmonary parenchymal changes such as arterial dilation and inflammatory reactions were also confirmed in histopathological examinations and were barely observable in MDCT. Usually small emboli are not easily detected through CT imaging, and the clinical relevance of these emboli is controversial. In this experimental study, we made radiopaque small emboli and induced SSP thromboembolism. Thus, we infer that obstruction of the small segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arteries does result in a pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and PTE‐related pulmonary parenchymal changes which could be clinically significant.
Cardiomyocyte ultrastructural damage in β‐thalassaemic mice
Authors: Sanyear Chanita , Butthep Punnee , Nithipongvanich Ramaneeya , Sirankapracha Pornpan , Winichagoon Pranee , Fucharoen Suthat , Svasti Saovaros 
Published: September 2013

Summaryβ‐thalassaemia is a hereditary anaemia resulting from the absence or reduction in β‐globin chain production. Heart complications related to iron overload are the most serious cause of death in these patients. In this report cardiac pathology of β‐thalassaemic mice was evaluated by light and electron microscopy. The study was carried out in thalassaemic mice carrying human β‐thalassaemia mutation, IVSII‐654 (654), transgenic mice carrying human βE‐globin transgene insertion (E4), thalassaemic mice with human βE‐globin transgene insertion (654/E4) and homozygous thalassaemic mice rescued by the human βE‐globin transgene (R), which is generated by cross‐breeding between the 654 and E4 mice. Histology showed iron deposition in cardiac myocytes of 654 and R mice, but the ultrastructural damage was observed only in the R mice when compared with the wild type, 654, E4 and 654/E4 mice. Histopathological changes in the cardiomyocytes of the R mice included mitochondrial swelling, loss of myofilaments and the presence of lipofuscin, related to the increased level of tissue iron content. The progressive ultrastructural pathology in R mice cardiomyocytes is consistent with the ultrastructural pathology previously studied in patients with thalassaemia. Thus, this R thalassaemic mouse model is suitable for in vivo pathophysiological study of thalassaemic heart.
Long‐lasting morphofunctional remodelling of liver parenchyma and stroma after a single exposure to low and moderate doses of cadmium in rats
Authors: Cupertino Marli C. , Costa Kyvia L. C. , Santos Daiane C. M. , Novaes Rômulo D. , Condessa Suellen S. , Neves Ana C. , Oliveira Juraci A. , Matta Sérgio L. P. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryFrequent exposure to cadmium (Cd) in low doses is common; however, the long‐lasting effects of this exposure are still poorly understood. Therefore in this study we have evaluated long‐lasting hepatic morphofunctional adaptations in rats exposed to low and moderate doses of Cd. Five experimental groups were tested: control (0.9% saline) and other four receiving single intraperitoneal doses of 0.67, 0.74, 0.86 and 1.1 mg of Cd/kg. The animals were killed after eight weeks and the following parameters were analysed: biometrics, oedema, Cd bio‐accumulation, collagen, glycogen, lipid droplets, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), serum transaminases, liver histopathology and stereology. In all groups exposed to Cd there was significant increase in SOD and CAT activities, ALP levels, proportion of binucleated hepatocytes, nuclei/cytoplasm ratio, macrophages (Kupffer cells) and collagen fibres. In these groups, glycogen accumulation by hepatocytes and the proportion of sinusoidal capillaries were significantly reduced compared with controls. The liver somatic index was increased, and liver oedema was evident in animals exposed to higher dose of Cd. Areas of necrosis were found in animals exposed to the three highest doses. These results indicate that Cd is an extremely toxic bioactive heavy metal, which even at low doses is able to disrupt liver homeostasis. At low and moderate doses, Cd exposure induces morphofunctional pathological remodelling of the hepatic stroma and parenchyma, which remain active after eight weeks. In response to injury, the liver tissue triggers a reactive process by enhancing activation of antioxidant enzymes and collagenogenesis.