bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turonian bivalves from the Gabonese coastal basin: the Belle Vue 3 section, Libreville south region
Authors: Moussavou Benjamin Musavu , M’Voubou Makaya , Ondo Simplice Marin Ndong 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A systematic study on bivalves has been carried out in the Turonian of the Gabonese coastal basin from the Belle Vue 3 section in the south of Libreville region. Three genera including seven species are distinguished: Granocardium (Granocardium) sp., Lima (Plagiostoma) grenieri (Coquand), Lima (Plagiostoma) pseudohörnesi Riedel, L. (Plagiostoma) cf. perplana (Koenen), L. (Plagiostroma) sp., Rastellum diluvianum (Linné) and R. sp. Rastellum is reported here for the first time in the Gabonese coastal basin. The species L. (Plagiostoma) cf. perplana (Koenen) and L. (Plagiostroma) sp. are found for the first time in the Gabonese coastal basin. The assemblage of bivalve faunas from Belle Vue 3 section is dominated by representative of the genus Lima and more precisely by representative of L. (Plagiostoma) sp. The bivalves associations are regarded as parautochthonous.
Earnings Targets and Annual Bonus Incentives
Authors: Indjejikian Raffi J. , Matějka Michal , Merchant Kenneth A. , Van der Stede Wim A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT:
We examine the extent to which firms use past performance as a basis for setting earnings targets in their bonus plans and assess the implications of such targets for managerial incentives. We find that high-profitability firms commonly decrease earnings targets when their managers fail to meet prior-year targets but rarely increase targets. Conversely, we find that low-profitability firms commonly increase earnings targets when their managers meet or exceed prior-year targets but rarely decrease targets. This target-revision process yields a serial correlation in target difficulty—targets remain relatively easy (or difficult) through time. We also find that firms are reluctant to revise earnings targets below zero, resulting in an unusually high frequency of zero earnings targets that are abnormally difficult to achieve. Collectively, our findings suggest that firms incorporate past performance information into targets, yet they do so only to a limited extent. This is consistent with theoretical arguments that highlight the benefits of contractual commitments.
Data Availability: Data used in this study cannot be made public due to the confidentiality agreement with the sponsoring organization.
Ratcheting and the Role of Relative Target Setting
Authors: Aranda Carmen , Arellano Javier , Davila Antonio 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT:
Managers use a variety of information to set performance targets. Using data from 376 branches of a large travel retailer over five years, this study documents supervisors considering the relative performance of comparable units in target setting, which we term relative target setting (RTS). We find evidence of RTS after controlling for individual past performance in the form of ratcheting. Our findings also indicate that RTS partially shapes the use of other information on past performance. Specifically, we find that the magnitude of ratcheting decreases (increases) with RTS for favorable (unfavorable) performance variances, and the asymmetry of ratcheting characterized by different ratcheting coefficients for unfavorable than for favorable variances is significant for large absolute magnitudes of RTS. Managers use the flexibility associated with the subjectivity of the target-setting process to weight peer and individual information differently across different units.
Data Availability: The data used in this study cannot be made publicly available due to confidentiality agreements with the participating organization.
The 0.1% of the Population With Glucokinase Monogenic Diabetes Can Be Recognized by Clinical Characteristics in Pregnancy: The Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy Cohort
Authors: Chakera Ali J. , Spyer Gill , Vincent Nicola , Ellard Sian , Hattersley Andrew T. , Dunne Fidelma P. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
Identifying glucokinase monogenic diabetes (GCK-MODY) in pregnancy is important, as management is different from management for other forms of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and there is no increased maternal risk of type 2 diabetes. We calculated the population prevalence of GCK-MODY in pregnancy and determined the clinical characteristics that differentiate pregnant women with GCK-MODY from those with GDM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We calculated the population prevalence of GCK-MODY in pregnancy by testing a subset of patients from the population-based Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (Atlantic DIP) study (n = 5,500). We sequenced for GCK mutations in 247 women with a fasting glucose ≥5.1 mmol/L and 109 randomly selected control subjects with normal fasting glucose. Using data from the cases found and 40 previously identified GCK-MODY pregnancies, we analyzed whether clinical criteria could be used to differentiate GCK-MODY from GDM.

RESULTS
Four women with fasting glucose ≥5.1 mmol/L were diagnosed with GCK-MODY. No cases were identified with normal fasting glucose. The population prevalence of GCK-MODY is 1.1 in 1,000 (95% CI 0.3–2.9 in 1,000) and prevalence in GDM is 0.9% (95% CI 0.3–2.3). Fasting glucose and BMI significantly differentiate GCK-MODY from GDM (P &lt; 0.0001). Combined criteria of BMI &lt;25 kg/m2 and fasting glucose ≥5.5 mmol/L has a sensitivity 68%, specificity 96%, and number needed to test of 2.7 women with GDM to find one case of GCK-MODY.

CONCLUSIONS
Our large population cohort of pregnant women tested estimates the population prevalence of GCK-MODY of 1.1 in 1,000. We have shown routine clinical criteria that can identify which women should be tested for GCK-MODY in pregnancy.
Glycemic Variability in Patients With Early Type 2 Diabetes: The Impact of Improvement in β-Cell Function
Authors: Kramer Caroline K. , Choi Haysook , Zinman Bernard , Retnakaran Ravi 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
Increased glycemic variability has been reported to be associated with the risk of hypoglycemia and possibly diabetes complications and is believed to be due to β-cell dysfunction. However, it is not known whether improvement in β-cell function can reduce glycemic variability. Because short-term intensive insulin therapy (IIT) can improve β-cell function in early type 2 diabetes (T2DM), our objective was to determine whether the β-cell functional recovery induced by this therapy is associated with decreased glycemic variability.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Sixty-one patients with T2DM of 3.0 years mean duration underwent 4 weeks of IIT, which consisted of basal insulin detemir and premeal insulin aspart. Glucose variability was assessed in both the first and the last week by the coefficient of variation of capillary glucose on daily 6-point self-monitoring profiles. β-Cell function before and after IIT was assessed with the Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2).

RESULTS
Between the first and the last week on IIT, 55.7% of patients had a reduction in glucose variability. Change in glucose variability was negatively correlated with the change in β-cell function (ISSI-2) (r = −0.34, P = 0.008). On multiple linear regression analyses, percentage change in ISSI-2 emerged as the only factor independently associated with the change in glucose variability (standardized β = −0.42, P = 0.03). Moreover, patients with an increase in ISSI-2 ≥25% experienced a reduction in glucose variability compared with their peers who had almost no change (−0.041 ± 0.06 vs. −0.0002 ± 0.04, respectively; P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS
In early T2DM, glycemic variability is a modifiable parameter that can be reduced by improving β-cell function with short-term IIT.
Association of FTO gene with obesity in Polish schoolchildren
Authors: Sitek Aneta , Rosset Iwona , Strapagiel Dominik , Majewska Małgorzata , Ostrowska-Nawarycz Lidia , Żądzińska Elżbieta 
Published: February 2014

The goal of the study was verification of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene polymorphisms as significant risk factors of obesity in the population of Polish children. Body mass index (BMI) and DNA were evaluated, where DNA was extracted from saliva, collected from 213 children at the age of 6–13 years.
DNA was genotyped by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and HRM (high resolution melting) techniques, as well as by direct sequencing. Three (3) FTO polymorphisms were identified: rs9939609, rs9926289 and rs76804286, the last polymorphism located between the first two.
For the first time, absolute linkage disequilibrium (LD) of FTO gene rs9939609 and rs9926289 polymorphisms was confirmed in data for the Polish population (D’=1, r2=1). The lack of a complete dependence among the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FTO gene was a consequence of the concurrence of homozygotes with minor alleles A of rs9939609+rs9926289 of FTO (AA+AA) with major alleles of rs76804286 (GG).
A case-control association analysis for BMI in obese children (n=51), as compared to normal-weight children (n=162), was based on the effects of genotypes homozygous for the minor alleles of the studied SNPs in recessive and codominant inheritance models (assuming an independent effect of each genotype).
A comparison of children with normal BMI with obese children indicate a strong co-dominant effect of a genotype in homozygotes of minor alleles (AA+AA) of completely linked rs9939609+rs9926289 (OR at age 8.89 ± 1.54 years=4.87, 95% CI 1.81–13.12, p=0.002).
An almost five-fold increase of obesity risk in the examined children indicates that the genetic factors, associated with excessive body weight gain, exert stronger effects in the early period of ontogenetic development vs. puberty and adulthood. The role of genetic factors in predisposing to obesity declines with age.
Violence indicators in Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina: The Regional Development Period from a regional perspective
Authors: Seldes Verónica , Botta Florencia Natalia 
Published: February 2014

Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina) has been extensively studied by archaeologists. Studies have been focused mainly on the Late Regional Development Period (1250–1430 AD), which has been defined as a time of social conflict. In this paper we present bioarchaeological evidence of interpersonal violence related trauma found in populations of the region. A sample of 153 skulls from three sites of Quebrada de Humahuaca: Los Amarillos, La Huerta and Yacoraite, were analyzed, differentiating antemortem and perimortem fractures, cut marks as well as the presence of trophy skulls. The results were subjected to nonparametric statistical tests, in order to assess inter-site level differences, sex and age distribution.
Bioarchaeological analysis determined a high frequency of interpersonal violence related trauma. Most registered injuries belonged to the antemortem type, demonstrating that the individuals of those events that had generated said cranial trauma had managed to survive. Interpersonal violence affected both men and women the same, registering no differences in neither sex nor age group, however evidence of trauma varied geographically from site to site. Statistical calculations reveal that the Yacoraite site is where the highest frequency of trauma was found, while La Huerta is where the highest level of trophy skulls was registered.
In vitro Induced Mitotic Polyploidy in Drosera capensis L.
Authors: Zahumenicka Pavla , Sysova Barbora , Holik Ales , Fernandez Eloy C. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract The objective of this study was to induce mitotic polyploidization in Drosera capensis. Tetraploid plants of D. capensis were induced successfully by treating leaf segments in vitro with oryzalin solution with four different concentrations (20, 40, 60 or 80 μM) for 12, 24 or 48 hours. Three tetraploid (2n = 4x = 80) plants were obtained in three treatments (20 μM for 48 h, 60 μM for 24 h and 80 μM for 12 h). Tetraploidy was confirmed by flow cytometry. The survival rate of these plants was not significantly influenced by oryzalin concentration or exposure time.
Original Research Article Financial Risk Threshold Determination in Broiler Enterprise in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Achoja Felix Odemero 
Published: February 2014

Abstract Increasing concern about the problem of risk associated with poultry business has highlighted the need for its comprehensive understanding. A clear knowledge of financial risk in broiler enterprise will pave the way to efficient mitigation strategies among broiler producers. This study investigates financial risk programming, and threshold analysis in broiler enterprises in Delta State, Nigeria. Probabilistic (multi-stage) sampling procedure was adopted in selecting 200 broiler farmers for the study. Structured questionnaire was used to collect 6 years time series data (2004-2009) from the respondents. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, QSB version of linear programming model, and threshold model. The results of the study showed that broiler enterprise is profitable with optimum net profit of N47,925 and N357,558 per small scale and large scale producers, respectively. An optimum profit of N389.9 per bird was earned by broiler producers. The output of QSB version of linear programming showed that at the stocking rate of 20, 692 birds, financial risk is optimized at 15%. The threshold regression model revealed that the broiler enterprise in the study area generally operated below the risk threshold. Simple regression indicated that expected return is positively and significantly (P < 0.05) related with financial risk. Incorporating financial risk as a constraint in the broiler farm plan is a useful contribution that will enhance efficient farm planning. The optimal return and financial risk threshold provided in this study will improve the confidence level of stakeholders in poultry industry such as current and potential investors, insurance institution and institutional lenders. This will translate to growth in the broiler subsector of the poultry industry in Delta State
Spectral properties and photophysics of arylacetylenes in thin films
Authors: Flamini Rebecca , Carlotti Benedetta , Spalletti Anna , Marrocchi Assunta 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe report the photobehaviour of a series of eight structurally related arylacetylene derivatives, in solution as well as in pristine and PC61BM blended thin-_lms. The formation of both H- and J-aggregates in the solid state have been demonstrated, and, interestingly, an energy transfer from H-aggregates or/and from residual "unstacked" molecules to J-aggregates has been found, the latter being the only emitting species. The fuorescence quenching by PC61BM at di_erent loadings has been studied in blend films, and it has been found particularly effcient in the case of a symmetrical peripheral substitution of the acetylene derivative core. Preliminary time-resolved measurements in emission (ns resolution) and in absorption (fs resolution) con_rmed the H⟶J energy transfer and underlined the presence of delayed fuorescence from Jaggregates, formed by energy transfer from the long-lived first excited singlet state of H-aggregates. In all cases, a homogeneous surface morphology of thin films.
The first report of serratospiculiasis in Great Tit (Parus major) in Slovakia
Authors: Königová A. , Molnár L. , Hrčková G. , Várady M. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Serratospiculiasis is a parasitic disease caused by filariid nematodes of the genus Serratospiculum, the subfamily Dicheilonematinae. Serratospiculum spp. parasitizes the air sacs and members of this genus have been found in various species of Falcons, Bald Eagles and Cooper’s Hawk from all around the world. In the present study, infection with Serratospiculum was confirmed for the first time in the Great Tit in Slovakia. Nematode infestation was identified post mortem. Lesions in the respiratory system (airsacculitis, pneumonia) were associated with the presence of this nematode. Smears of the necrotic lesions in the crop and oesophagus contained the large numbers of embryonated eggs. Faecal samples were examined by flotation method and Serratospiculum eggs were found. Adult parasites were cleared in lactophenol solution and morphological analysis of male reproductive organs (shape of male nematode spicules) indicated the species Serratospiculum amaculata. Scattered inflammatory cells were seen in the mucosal and submucosal layers of infected oesophagus and inflammatory foci were found mainly in the stroma of the air sacs.
The presence of the filariid nematode in the nonspecific species Great Tit (Parus major) common in Slovakia indicates the importance of monitoring of serratospiculiasis in the avian hosts. The parasite can cause serious health problems, even sudden death of their hosts, therefore suitable effective measures for their elimination should be implemented.
Toxocariasis in urban environment of western Slovakia
Authors: Ondriska F. , Mačuhová K. , Melicherová J. , Reiterová K. , Valentová D. , Beladičová V. , Halgoš J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of toxocariasis in Bratislava and smaller towns in western Slovakia. During 2006–2011, sand samples collected from 121 sandpits were investigated: 63 sandpits were from Bratislava City and 58 from sandpits in towns outside Bratislava (Malacky, Pezinok Stupava). In Bratislava, 27% of examined sandpits were contaminated with Toxocara spp. eggs. In smaller towns eggs of Toxocara spp. were found from three sandpits (6.8 %) of Pezinok and Stupava only. In Malacky, no faeces and no eggs were found in any sandpits. Faecal samples of 1436 dogs and 263 cats were investigated. T. canis eggs were found in the faeces of 16.5 % dogs and T. cati in 18.6 % of examined cats. Toxocariasis of dogs was significantly higher in smaller towns such as the city Bratislava (χ2 = 10.88 for P ≤ 0.001). The difference in prevalence of T. cati in cats bred in Bratislava and outside Bratislava was not confirmed (P ≤ 0.05). 382 pregnant women were examined by ELISA. Anti-Toxocara antibodies were detected in 32 women (8.4 %). The difference in seroprevalence of women coming from Bratislava (6.6 %) and smaller towns outside Bratislava (11.0 %) was not statistically significant (χ2 = 1.6; P ≤ 0.05).
Parasite fauna of Golden Grey Mullet Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) collected from Lower Kızılırmak Delta in Samsun, Turkey
Authors: Özer A. , Kirca D. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The mugilids are among the most cosmopolitan teleost fishes and they are widely distributed in fresh, brackish and coastal marine waters of the tropical and temperate regions of the world. Liza aurata is one of eight mugilid species survive in Turkish waters. Parasite fauna of the golden grey mullet Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) collected from Lower Kızılırmak Delta in Samsun, Turkey were investigated in the present study. Standard parasitological investigation methods were applied and standard indices of infection were calculated. A total of 10 parasite species were identified and they are; Trichodina puytoraci, Trichodina lepsii, Ligophorus mediterraneus, Ligophorus cephali, Microcotyle mugilis, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa, Haplosplanchnus pachysomus, Tylodelphys clavata, Neoechinorhyncus agilis and Ergasilus lizae. Overall infection prevalence was 100 % and both the mean intensity and abundance values were 190.09 ± 43.15 parasites per infected/examined fish. Ligophorus-group parasites were the most abundant (97.83 %) and Tylodelphys clavata was the least (4.35 %) among all parasite species identified. Water temperature (C), dissolved oxygen (mg/lt), salinity (ppt) and nitrate (mg/lt) values were also presented. According to results obtained in the present study, Ligophorus cephali, Ligophorus mediterraneus, Thylodelphys clavata and Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa are new parasite records for L. aurata and Ligophorus mediterraneus, Ligophorus cephali and Ergasilus lizae are the new parasite records for Turkish parasite fauna of fish in Turkey.
The first linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium in India: High level resistance in a patient with no previous antibiotic exposure
Authors: Kumar Simit , Bandyoapdhyay Maitreyi , Chatterjee Mitali , Mukhopadhyay Prabir , Poddar Sumon , Banerjee Parthajit 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLinezolid provides high rates of the clinical cure and microbiological success in complicated infections due to Enterococcus spp., including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. However, the emergence of resistance during linezolid treatment has been reported for clinical strains of Enterococcus, which is alarming given the fact that, this leaves the clinician with very few treatment options. We report the first case of linezolid resistant Enterococcus faecium from India, which was isolated from the blood culture of a hypoglycemic encephalopathy patient. There have been previous reports of linezolid resistant enterococci from different parts of the world, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 16 to 64 μg/mL and most of them were associated with vancomycin resistance but the isolate reported over here had an MIC of 1024 μg/mL and interestingly was sensitive to vancomycin.
Methods and applications for visualization of SNOMED CT concept sets
Authors: Sundvall E. , Gøeg K.R. , Højen A.R. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryInconsistent use of SNOMED CT concepts may reduce comparability of information in health information systems. Terminology implementation should be approached by common strategies for navigating and selecting proper concepts. This study aims to explore ways of illustrating common pathways and ancestors of particular sets of concepts, to support consistent use of SNOMED CT and also assess potential applications for such visualizations.The open source prototype presented is an interactive web-based re-implementation of the terminology visualization tool TermViz that provides an overview of concepts and their hierarchical relations. It provides terminological features such as interactively rearranging graphs, fetching more concept nodes, highlighting least common parents and shared pathways in merged graphs etc.Four teams of three to four people used the prototype to complete a terminology mapping task and then, in focus group interviews, discussed the user experience and potential future tool usage. Potential purposes discussed included SNOMED CT search and training, consistent selection of concepts and content management.The evaluation indicated that the tool may be useful in many contexts especially if integrated with existing systems, and that the graph layout needs further tuning and development.
Citation: Højen AR, Sundvall E, Gøeg KR. Methods and applications for visualization of SNOMED CT concept sets. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 127–152http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-09-RA-0071