bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in gastrointestinal cancer resection rates
Authors: Speelman A D , van Gestel Y R B M , Rutten H J T , de Hingh I H J T , Lemmens V E P P 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Many developments in medicine are likely to have influenced the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, including rates of resection. This study sought to investigate changes in surgical resection rates over time among patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods
Patients diagnosed between 1995 and 2012 in the Eindhoven Cancer Registry area were included. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influence of interval of diagnosis on the likelihood of having a resection.

Results
Among 43 370 patients, crude resection rates decreased between 1995 and 2012 for gastric, colonic and rectal cancer, most notably for patients aged at least 85 years with gastric cancer (from 37·3 to 13·3 per cent), and patients aged 75–84 years and 85 years or more with rectal cancer (from 80·5 to 64·4 per cent, and from 58·9 to 36·0 per cent respectively). After adjustment for patient and tumour characteristics, patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2012 with gastric (odds ratio (OR) 0·71, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 0·92), colonic (OR 0·52, 0·44 to 0·62), rectal (OR 0·39, 0·33 to 0·48) and periampullary (OR 0·42, 0·27 to 0·66) cancers were less likely to undergo resection than those diagnosed between 1995 and 1998. Patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer were more likely to undergo resection in recent periods (OR 4·13, 2·57 to 6·64).

Conclusion
Resection rates have fallen over time for several gastrointestinal cancers. This might reflect increased availability of other treatments, better selection of patients as a result of improved diagnostic accuracy, risk-avoiding behaviour and transparency related to surgical outcomes at hospital and surgeon level.
Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension Compared With the Joint National Committee 8 Panelists' Recommendations
Authors: Snipelisky David , Waldo Oral , Burton M. Caroline 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe panelists of the Joint National Committee recently published new recommendations for the management of hypertension. Our study aims to evaluate how current practice compares.HypothesisCurrent practice likely deviates from the recent JNC 8 panelists' recommendations.MethodsA survey was sent to cardiology providers at 3 academic medical centers: Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona; and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Providers were asked to select which blood‐pressure goal would be deemed appropriate in various cases based on individual practice in both the maintenance of patients already on therapy as well as threshold of when to initiate therapy. Comparisons with current recommendations were made, as well as geographic location and level of experience.ResultsA total of 251 survey requests were sent (May 2014), and 77 responses (30.7%) were received. Cardiologists tended not to practice according to the new guidelines, with most variation seen in patients age >60 years without comorbidities on active treatment. Providers' selection of initial pharmacologic agents in non–African American patients, African American patients, and patients with diabetes mellitus reflected congruency with guidelines.ConclusionsOur study found that clinical practice does not correlate well with the new blood‐pressure goal recommendations published by the Joint National Committee 8 panelists, particularly in patients age >60 years. Practitioners are likely to follow the recommendations in regard to pharmacologic management.
Insights into the Kinetics of Methane Hydrate Formation in a Stirred Tank Reactor by In Situ Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Jong Min , Cho Seong Jun , Lee Ju Dong , Linga Praveen , Kang Kyung Chan , Lee Jaeyong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present a new method to observe the kinetics of methane hydrate formation by the simultaneous application of macroscopic and microscopic measurements. In a stirred tank stabilized under two different subcooling conditions, both the consumption rate of methane by water and in situ Raman spectra were measured with time. According to our observations, an abrupt decline in the intensity of the Raman peak of dissolved methane coincided with an increase in the intensity of the Raman peak of methane that occupies the large cages of the hydrate at the beginning of hydrate formation. The occupancy of the small cages only occurred after a considerable delay from the nucleation point, whereas the occupancy of the large cages occurred throughout the growth period. Thus, the early stage of hydrate growth shows a strong preference of the dissolved methane to occupy the large cages.
The semantic anatomical network: Evidence from healthy and brain‐damaged patient populations
Authors: Fang Yuxing , Han Zaizhu , Zhong Suyu , Gong Gaolang , Song Luping , Liu Fangsong , Huang Ruiwang , Du Xiaoxia , Sun Rong , Wang Qiang , He Yong , Bi Yanchao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSemantic processing is central to cognition and is supported by widely distributed gray matter (GM) regions and white matter (WM) tracts. The exact manner in which GM regions are anatomically connected to process semantics remains unknown. We mapped the semantic anatomical network (connectome) by conducting diffusion imaging tractography in 48 healthy participants across 90 GM “nodes,” and correlating the integrity of each obtained WM edge and semantic performance across 80 brain‐damaged patients. Fifty‐three WM edges were obtained whose lower integrity associated with semantic deficits and together with their linked GM nodes constitute a semantic WM network. Graph analyses of this network revealed three structurally segregated modules that point to distinct semantic processing components and identified network hubs and connectors that are central in the communication across the subnetworks. Together, our results provide an anatomical framework of human semantic network, advancing the understanding of the structural substrates supporting semantic processing. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3499–3515, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of high frequency performance of TO‐46 header through three‐dimensional full wave electromagnetic model and circuit model
Authors: Shih Tien‐Tsorng , Jou Jau‐Ji , Chu Shun‐Shien 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe TO‐46 header has been commonly used for vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and photodetector package. The high‐frequency characteristics of a TO‐46 header were measured using our special K‐type adaptors and simulated through a three‐dimensional full wave electromagnetic simulator. The measurement and simulation results show the TO‐46 header provides a resonance‐free transmission bandwidth over 40‐GHz and reflection loss below −10‐dB within 31‐GHz, with an ideal 50‐Ω terminal. The 25‐Gb/s and 40‐Gb/s eye diagrams through a TO‐46 header were measured using our measurement setup, and the eye diagrams are clear enough. In addition, the single‐end and differential‐end equivalent circuit models of a TO‐46 header were established and verified. The TO‐46 header provides a low‐cost and high‐speed package solution and can be applied in 21‐Gb/s fiber channel technology and 100‐Gb/s (4 × 25‐Gb/s) Ethernet (100 GbE) network. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using principal components analysis to explore competence and confidence in student nurses as users of information and communication technologies
Authors: Todhunter Fern 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo report on the relationship between competence and confidence in nursing students as users of information and communication technologies, using principal components analysis.DesignIn nurse education, learning about and learning using information and communication technologies is well established. Nursing students are one of the undergraduate populations in higher education required to use these resources for academic work and practice learning. Previous studies showing mixed experiences influenced the choice of an exploratory study to find out about information and communication technologies competence and confidence. A 48‐item survey questionnaire was administered to a volunteer sample of first‐ and second‐year nursing students between July 2008–April 2009. The cohort (N = 375) represented 18·75% of first‐ and second‐year undergraduates. A comparison between this work and subsequent studies reveal some similar ongoing issues and ways to address them.MethodsA principal components analysis (PCA) was carried out to determine the strength of the correlation between information and communication technologies competence and confidence. The aim was to show the presence of any underlying dimensions in the transformed data that would explain any variations in information and communication technologies competence and confidence. Cronbach's alpha values showed fair to good internal consistency.ResultsThe five component structure gave medium to high results and explained 44·7% of the variance in the original data. Confidence had a high representation. The findings emphasized the shift towards social learning approaches for information and communication technologies. Informal social collaboration found favour with nursing students. Learning through talking, watching and listening all play a crucial role in the development of computing skills.
Does psychological need satisfaction perceived online enhance well‐being?
Authors: Wang Ligang , Tao Ting , Fan, Chunlei , Gao Wenbin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Internet has been building a new context, in which adolescents and young people complete their academic tasks, do their work, engage in social interaction, and even conduct anonymous identity experimentation. Therefore, it becomes very significant to assess psychological need satisfaction online, and to relate it to well‐being. This study investigated the influence on well‐being of psychological need satisfaction perceived online and the regulatory role in this relationship of psychological need satisfaction perceived in daily life. A total of 1,727 students from junior and senior high schools and universities in China were surveyed using the Basic Psychological Needs in General scale, the Basic Psychological Needs in the Online World scale, and the Index of Well‐Being, Index of General Affect scale. The mean age of the adolescent sample was 17.47 years (ranging from 12.50 to 25.42 years). The results indicated that both need satisfaction perceived online and that perceived in daily life positively predicted psychological well‐being, and psychological need satisfaction in daily life qualified the association between psychological need satisfaction perceived online and well‐being. In particular, students who perceived higher psychological need satisfaction in daily life were found to benefit from psychological need satisfaction perceived online, but students with low psychological need satisfaction perceived in daily life did not. We suggest that people who perceive lower basic need satisfaction in daily life are more likely to use the Internet for socioaffective regulation and to consider cyberspace as a new world. Thus, need satisfaction perceived online may not transform into “real” happiness.
The health action process approach applied to African American breast cancer survivors
Authors: Paxton Raheem J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe health action process approach (HAPA) is a relevant model for understanding physical activity (PA), yet it has not been examined in cancer survivors or minorities. In this study, we assessed the HAPA in African American breast cancer survivors using covariance modeling.MethodsA total of 304 African American breast cancer survivors (mean age = 54 years) participated in a Web‐based survey assessing demographic and medical characteristics as well as constructs of the HAPA. A two‐step covariance modeling approach was used to assess the structural relationships among the constructs.ResultsThe hypothesized measurement model fit the data; however, general severity was not significantly associated with the remaining constructs. General severity was removed, and the fit did not change significantly. The final adjusted model provided a reasonable fit to the data and accounted for significant variance in intentions (49%) and PA (42%). Action (β = 0.1, p < 0.01) and coping (β = 0.3, p < 0.01) planning mediated the relationship between intentions and behavior.ConclusionsThe HAPA appears to be a relevant model for understanding PA in African American breast cancer survivors. However, more work is needed to determine whether these relationships can be replicated in other breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WHICH QUALITY OF LIFE MEASURES FIT YOUR RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT?
Authors: Cleemput Irina , Neyt Mattias 
Published: June 2015

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important endpoint of many healthcare interventions. This study develops guidance on how to select appropriate HRQoL measures for inclusion in a clinical trial, given the purposes of the HRQoL measurement.Methods: The guidance is based on a systematic literature review, discussions with members of the European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) and two rounds of public consultation.Results: A set of twelve recommendations was developed, addressing the requirements for HRQoL data for relative effectiveness assessment, for cost-utility analyses and for informing clinical decision making. Recommendations relate to the choice of the type of measure as well as to aspects such as measurement frequency, target population and presentation.Conclusions: The purpose and context of HRQoL measurement is crucial for the relevance of the data obtained with a specific HRQoL measure. It is recommended to always include a generic HRQoL instrument in clinical trials to cover a wide range of possible future uses of the HRQoL data.
A possible macronova in the late afterglow of the long–short burst GRB 060614
Authors: Yang Bin , Jin Zhi-Ping , Li Xiang , Covino Stefano , Zheng Xian-Zhong , Hotokezaka Kenta , Fan Yi-Zhong , Piran Tsvi , Wei Da-Ming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLong-duration (>2 s) γ-ray bursts that are believed to originate from the death of massive stars are expected to be accompanied by supernovae. GRB 060614, that lasted 102 s, lacks a supernova-like emission down to very stringent limits and its physical origin is still debated. Here we report the discovery of near-infrared bump that is significantly above the regular decaying afterglow. This red bump is inconsistent with even the weakest known supernova. However, it can arise from a Li-Paczyński macronova—the radioactive decay of debris following a compact binary merger. If this interpretation is correct, GRB 060614 arose from a compact binary merger rather than from the death of a massive star and it was a site of a significant production of heavy r-process elements. The significant ejected mass favours a black hole–neutron star merger but a double neutron star merger cannot be ruled out.
A composite annual-resolution stalagmite record of North Atlantic climate over the last three millennia
Authors: Baker Andy , C. Hellstrom John , Kelly Bryce F. J. , Mariethoz Gregoire , Trouet Valerie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAnnually laminated stalagmites can be used to construct a precise chronology and variations in laminae thickness provide an annual growth-rate record that can be used as a proxy for past climate and environmental change. Here, we present and analyse the first composite speleothem annual growth-rate record based on five stalagmites from the same cave system in northwest Scotland, where precipitation is sensitive to North Atlantic climate variability and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Our 3000-year record confirms persistently low growth-rates, reflective of positive NAO states, during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). Another persistently low growth period occurring at 290-550 CE coincides with the European Migration Period and a subsequent period of sustained fast growth-rate (negative NAO) from 600-900 AD provides the climate context for the Viking Age in northern and western Europe.
A zero density change phase change memory material: GeTe-O structural characteristics upon crystallisation
Authors: Zhou Xilin , Dong Weiling , Zhang Hao , Simpson Robert E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOxygen-doped germanium telluride phase change materials are proposed for high temperature applications. Up to 8 at.% oxygen is readily incorporated into GeTe, causing an increased crystallisation temperature and activation energy. The rhombohedral structure of the GeTe crystal is preserved in the oxygen doped films. For higher oxygen concentrations the material is found to phase separate into GeO2 and TeO2, which inhibits the technologically useful abrupt change in properties. Increasing the oxygen content in GeTe-O reduces the difference in film thickness and mass density between the amorphous and crystalline states. For oxygen concentrations between 5 and 6 at.%, the amorphous material and the crystalline material have the same density. Above 6 at.% O doping, crystallisation exhibits an anomalous density change, where the volume of the crystalline state is larger than that of the amorphous. The high thermal stability and zero-density change characteristic of Oxygen-incorporated GeTe, is recommended for efficient and low stress phase change memory devices that may operate at elevated temperatures.
Multiple‐input–multiple‐output high‐order sliding mode control for a permanent magnet synchronous generator wind‐based system with grid support capabilities
Authors: Valenciaga Fernando , Fernandez Roberto Daniel 
Published: June 2015

This study presents a control design for a grid connected wind energy conversion system based on a gearless PMSG. The generation system structure comprises a three blade turbine, a 2 MW multi‐pole PMSG and a full‐scale back‐to‐back frequency converter linked to the utility grid. The proposed control scheme allows following dynamical specifications taking into account operational requirements and ancillary services imposed by the recent grid connection codes, that is, reactive power regulation and fault ride‐through (FRT) capabilities. The control actions to be applied during normal grid operation are designed through second‐order sliding mode techniques using a two‐stage cascade structure. The multi‐variable controller designed attains to regulate the active and reactive powers delivered to the grid, minimising the resistive losses into the generator and maintaining important internal variables into the desired range. This controller presents attractive advantages such as robustness against unmodelled dynamics and external perturbations, finite time convergence to the sliding surfaces and chattering mitigation. To endorse the controlled system with FRT capabilities, a switching control scheme based on voltage grid measurements is also proposed. The performance of the whole control approach is analysed through representative simulations which include parameter variations, external perturbations and three‐phase voltage dips.
The Strange Career of Fair Play, or, Warfare and Gamesmanship in the Time of Victoria
Authors: Kriegel Lara 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Wars fought overseas had an indelible imprint on the Victorian home front and its cultural formations. In their responses to the Crimean War (1854–6), writers of middlebrow fiction promulgated the ideal of muscular Christianity, wherein might was deployed for purposes of right. This notion found popular expression in the ideal of the games ethic, which had at its core the quintessentially British notion of fair play. This became a preoccupation within late Victorian literature for young people, as well as a recurring motif in the popular press, particularly during the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902). Although it would be subject to reversal during the Great War (1914–18), this idea would endure well into the twentieth century. As it traces the career of fair play, this essay seeks to understand the contours of Victorian culture in the later nineteenth century and the reverberations of Victorian values into the twentieth century.
The Contributions of Syndrome Research to the Study of MLD
Authors: Mazzocco Michèle M. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStudies of mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) in persons with a known genetic syndrome can illustrate the heterogeneity of MLD by revealing distinct cognitive profiles linked to poor mathematics achievement. These profiles may model the development of MLD and have implications for diagnosis and intervention. This approach is evident in research on fragile X or Turner syndromes. Both syndromes have a high incidence of MLD, and their phenotypes include remarkable strengths and difficulties in select math skills. Girls with fragile X syndrome show remarkable rote knowledge that does not appear to support problem solving or conceptual mastery; at some stages, it may mask MLD. Girls with Turner syndrome have remarkably difficulty with math fluency and estimation, but untimed performance is often accurate, even under high working memory demands, suggesting unique compensatory strategies. These phenotypes have important implications for the roles of individual and developmental differences in MLD.
Malignant Hyperthermia Testing in Probands without Adverse Anesthetic Reaction
Authors: Timmins Matthew A. , Rosenberg Henry , Larach Marilyn Green , Sterling Carly , Kraeva Natalia , Riazi Sheila 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAbstract
Approximately two thirds of patients referred for nonanesthetic reasons, including postviral chronic fatigue and muscle weakness of unknown etiology, tested positive to the caffeine–halothane contracture test (CHCT). Oral dantrolene therapy improved musculoskeletal symptoms in 82% CHCT-positive patients.

Background:
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is triggered by reactions to anesthetics. Reports link nonanesthetic-induced MH-like reactions to a variety of disorders. The objective of the authors was to retrospectively investigate the reasons for referrals for MH testing in nonanesthetic cases and assess their phenotype. In addition, the response to the administration of oral dantrolene in nonanesthetic probands with positive caffeine–halothane contracture test (CHCT) was investigated.

Methods:
Following institutional research ethics board approval, probands without reaction to anesthesia, who underwent CHCT, were selected. Clinical details and response to dantrolene were analyzed.

Results:
In total, 87 of 136 (64%) patients referred for nonanesthetic indications tested positive to the CHCT. Of these, 47 with a high creatine kinase (CK), 9 with exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis and/or exercise intolerance, 2 with high CK and exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis and/or exercise intolerance, 15 with postviral chronic fatigue, and 14 with muscle weakness of unknown etiology had a positive CHCT. These patients had a higher CK compared with those with negative CHCT. Oral dantrolene improved the musculoskeletal symptoms in 28 of 34 (82%) CHCT-positive patients. Response to treatment was associated with a significantly higher pretreatment CK and a greater posttreatment CK reduction.

Conclusions:
A positive CHCT may represent more than simply an anesthetic-related disorder. Individuals with positive CHCTs may exhibit muscle symptoms without exposure to MH-triggering anesthetics. Oral dantrolene may be useful in alleviating these symptoms.