bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure - a retrospective population-based study
Authors: Wang Shihan , Singh Balwinder , Tian Lin , Biehl Michelle , Krastev Ivaylo L , Kojicic Marija , Li Guangxi 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is a front-line therapy for the management of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in the intensive care units. However, the data on factors and outcomes associated with the use of NIV in ARF patients is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to determine the utilization of NIV for ARF in a population-based study.

Methods
We conducted a populated-based retrospective cohort study, where in all consecutively admitted adults (≥18 years) with ARF from Olmsted County, Rochester, MN, at the Mayo Clinic medical and surgical ICUs, during 2006 were included. Patients without research authorization or on chronic NIV use for sleep apnea were excluded.

Results
Out of 1461 Olmsted County adult residents admitted to the ICUs in 2006, 364 patients developed ARF, of which 146 patients were initiated on NIV. The median age in years was 75 (interquartile range, 60–84), 48% females and 88.7% Caucasians. Eighteen patients (12%) were on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode and 128 (88%) were on noninvasive intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) mode. Forty-six (10%) ARF patients were put on NIV for palliative strategy to alleviate dyspnea. Seventy-six ARF patients without treatment limitation were given a trial of NIV and 49 patients succeeded, while 27 had to be intubated. Mortality was similar between the patients initially supported with NIV versus invasive mechanical ventilation (33% vs 22%, P=0.289). In the multivariate analysis, the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and higher APACHE III scores were associated with the failure of initial NIV treatment.

Conclusions
Our results have important implications for a future planning of NIV in a suburban US community with high access to critical care services. The higher APACHE III scores and the development of ARDS are associated with the failure of initial NIV treatment.
Pharmacodynamic Effects and Mechanisms of Resistance to Vemurafenib in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Trunzer Kerstin , Pavlick Anna C. , Schuchter Lynn , Gonzalez Rene , McArthur Grant A. , Hutson Thomas E. , Moschos Stergios J. , Flaherty Keith T. , Kim Kevin B. , Weber Jeffrey S. , Hersey Peter , Long Georgina V. , Lawrence Donald , Ott Patrick A. , Amaravadi Ravi K. , Lewis Karl D. , Puzanov Igor , Lo Roger S. , Koehler Astrid , Kockx Mark , Spleiss Olivia , Schell-Steven Annette , Gilbert Houston N. , Cockey Louise , Bollag Gideon , Lee Richard J. , Joe Andrew K. , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Ribas Antoni 
Published: April 2013

Purpose To assess pharmacodynamic effects and intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in BRAFV600-mutant melanoma, leading to an understanding of the mechanism of action of vemurafenib and ultimately to optimization of metastatic melanoma therapy. Methods In the phase II clinical study NP22657 (BRIM-2), patients received oral doses of vemurafenib (960 mg twice per day). Serial biopsies were collected to study changes in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, cell-cycle progression, and factors causing intrinsic or acquired resistance by immunohistochemistry, DNA sequencing, or somatic mutation profiling. Results Vemurafenib inhibited MAPK signaling and cell-cycle progression. An association between the decrease in extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and objective response was observed in paired biopsies (n = 22; P = .013). Low expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog showed a modest association with lower response. Baseline mutations in MEK1P124 coexisting with BRAFV600 were noted in seven of 92 samples; their presence did not preclude objective tumor responses. Acquired resistance to vemurafenib associated with reactivation of MAPK signaling as observed by elevated ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels in progressive lesions and the appearance of secondary NRASQ61 mutations or MEK1Q56P or MEK1E203K mutations. These two activating MEK1 mutations had not previously been observed in vivo in biopsies of progressive melanoma tumors. Conclusion Vemurafenib inhibits tumor proliferation and oncogenic BRAF signaling through the MAPK pathway. Acquired resistance results primarily from MAPK reactivation driven by the appearance of secondary mutations in NRAS and MEK1 in subsets of patients. The data suggest that inhibition downstream of BRAF should help to overcome acquired resistance.
AVEREL: A Randomized Phase III Trial Evaluating Bevacizumab in Combination With Docetaxel and Trastuzumab As First-Line Therapy for HER2-Positive Locally Recurrent/Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Gianni Luca , Romieu Gilles H. , Lichinitser Michail , Serrano Sergio V. , Mansutti Mauro , Pivot Xavier , Mariani Paola , Andre Fabrice , Chan Arlene , Lipatov Oleg , Chan Stephen , Wardley Andrew , Greil Richard , Moore Nicola , Prot Sylvie , Pallaud Celine , Semiglazov Vladimir 
Published: April 2013

Purpose The AVEREL trial [A Study of Avastin (Bevacizumab) in Combination With Herceptin (Trastuzumab)/Docetaxel in Patients With HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer] evaluated first-line bevacizumab-containing therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer (LR/MBC). Patients and Methods Patients with measurable/evaluable HER2-positive LR/MBC who had not received trastuzumab or chemotherapy for LR/MBC were stratified by prior adjuvant trastuzumab, prior (neo)adjuvant taxane, hormone receptor status, and measurable disease and were randomly assigned to receive docetaxel 100 mg/m2 plus trastuzumab 8 mg/kg loading dose followed by 6 mg/kg either with bevacizumab 15 mg/kg or without bevacizumab, all administered every 3 weeks. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Additional end points included overall survival, response rate (RR), safety, quality of life, and translational research. Results Baseline characteristics of the 424 patients were balanced between treatment arms. Most patients had visceral metastases, 43% had a disease-free interval less than 12 months, and 85% had measurable disease. Median follow-up was 26 months. The hazard ratio for investigator-assessed PFS was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.65 to 1.02; P = .0775; median PFS, 13.7 v 16.5 months in the non-bevacizumab and bevacizumab arms, respectively; PFS events in 72%). The Independent Review Committee–assessed PFS hazard ratio was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.94; P = .0162; median PFS, 13.9 v 16.8 months, respectively; PFS events in 53%). The RR was 70% versus 74%, respectively (P = .3492). Grade ≥ 3 febrile neutropenia and hypertension were more common with bevacizumab-containing therapy. High baseline plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) concentrations were associated with greater bevacizumab benefit (not statistically significant). Conclusion Combining bevacizumab with docetaxel and trastuzumab did not significantly improve investigator-assessed PFS. The potential predictive value of plasma VEGF-A is consistent with findings in HER2-negative LR/MBC, warranting prospective evaluation.
Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Maintenance Chemotherapy Versus Observation in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer After Achieving Disease Control With Six Cycles of Gemcitabine Plus Paclitaxel As First-Line Chemotherapy: KCSG-BR07-02
Authors: Park Yeon Hee , Jung Kyung Hae , Im Seock-Ah , Sohn Joo Hyuk , Ro Jungsil , Ahn Jin-Hee , Kim Sung-Bae , Nam Byung-Ho , Oh Do Youn , Han Sae-Won , Lee Soohyeon , Park In Hae , Lee Keun Seok , Kim Jee Hyun , Kang Seok Yun , Lee Moon Hee , Park Hee Sook , Ahn Jin Seok , Im Young-Hyuck 
Published: April 2013

Purpose The primary purpose of our study was to evaluate whether maintenance chemotherapy with paclitaxel/gemcitabine (PG) was superior to observation in improving progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who achieved disease control with an initial six cycles of PG as their first-line treatment. Patients and Methods The study was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, phase III trial. Patients MBC with who achieved disease control after six cycles of PG chemotherapy were randomly assigned to maintenance chemotherapy or observation until progression. Results Of 324 patients from 10 centers enrolled, 231 patients with MBC exhibited disease control (complete response + partial response + stable disease) with first-line PG and were randomly assigned to maintenance chemotherapy (n = 116) or observation (n = 115). The median age was 48 years (range, 28 to 76 years), median follow-up was 33 months, and median number of chemotherapy cycles in the maintenance group after random assignment was six. The median PFS time after random assignment was longer in the maintenance group than in the observation group (7.5 v 3.8 months, respectively; P = .026). The median overall survival (OS) time was longer in the maintenance group than in the observation group (32.3 v 23.5 months, respectively; P = .047). The rate of grade 3 or higher neutropenia after random assignment was higher in the maintenance group than in the observation group (61% v 0.9%, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion In patients with MBC who achieved disease control with an initial six cycles of PG chemotherapy, maintenance PG chemotherapy resulted in better PFS and OS compared with observation.
Association of CYP2A6*4 with Susceptibility of Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Lishan 
Published: April 2013

Objectives
To assess the association between the variant of Cytochrome P450 2A6 whole gene deletion (CYP2A6*4) polymorphism and risk of lung cancer.

Methods
Two investigators independently searched the PubMed, Elsevier, EMBASE, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for CYP2A6*4 and lung cancer were calculated in a fixed-effects model (the Mantel-Haenszel method) and a random-effects model (the DerSimonian and Laird method) when appropriate.

Results
This meta-analysis included seven eligible studies, which included 2524 lung cancer cases and 2258 controls (cancer–free). Overall, CYP2A6*4 was associated with the risk of lung cancer (allele*4 vs. allele non-*4, pooled OR  = 0.826, 95% CI  = 0.725−0.941, P-value  = 0.004). When stratifying for population, significant association was observed in Asian (additive model, pooled OR  = 0.794, 95% CI  = 0.694−0.909, P-value  = 0.001; dominant model, pooled OR  = 0.827, 95% CI  = 0.709−0.965, P-value  = 0.016; recessive model (pooled OR  = 0.444, 95% CI  = 0.293−0.675, P-value <0.0001). In the overall analysis, a comparably significant decrease in the frequency of *4/*4 genotype was detected between cases and controls in Asian while no *4/*4 genotype was detected in Caucasian in collected data.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggests that the CYP2A6*4 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility of lung cancer in Asian. The whole gene deletion of CYP2A6 may decrease the risk of lung cancer in Asian samples.
Climate interacts with soil to produce beta diversity in Californian plant communities
Authors: Fernandez-Going B. M. , Harrison S. P. , Anacker B. L. , Safford H. D. 
Published: April 2013

Spatially distinct communities can arise through interactions and feedbacks between abiotic and biotic factors. We suggest that, for plants, patches of infertile soils such as serpentine may support more distinct communities from those in the surrounding non‐serpentine matrix in regions where the climate is more productive (i.e., warmer and/or wetter). Where both soil fertility and climatic productivity are high, communities may be dominated by plants with fast‐growing functional traits, whereas where either soils or climate impose low productivity, species with stress‐tolerant functional traits may predominate. As a result, both species and functional composition may show higher dissimilarity between patch and matrix in productive climates. This pattern may be reinforced by positive feedbacks, in which higher plant growth under favorable climate and soil conditions leads to higher soil fertility, further enhancing plant growth.For 96 pairs of sites across a 200‐km latitudinal gradient in California, we found that the species and functional dissimilarities between communities on infertile serpentine and fertile non‐serpentine soils were higher in more productive (wetter) regions. Woody species had more stress‐tolerant functional traits on serpentine than non‐serpentine soil, and as rainfall increased, woody species functional composition changed toward fast‐growing traits on non‐serpentine, but not on serpentine soils. Soil organic matter increased with rainfall, but only on non‐serpentine soils, and the difference in organic matter between soils was positively correlated with plant community dissimilarity. These results illustrate a novel mechanism wherein climatic productivity is associated with higher species, functional, and landscape‐level dissimilarity (beta diversity).
À propos du décor dans les Tragédies d'Euripide
Authors: Roux Jeanne 
Published: April 2013

I. Le palais tragique. Dans les tragédies grecques qui se déroulent devant un palais, le décor que voient les spectateurs ne représente jamais la façade du palais proprement dit, mais toujours le mur d'enceinte, percé d'une porte, en arrière duquel s'étend la cour dont les portiques ombragent les pièces d'habitation. Cette convention reconnue, certaines difficultés d'interprétation (Euripide, Oreste, 1366 sqq. ; Bacchantes, 575 sqq.) se résolvent aisément. Étude sur le sens de pastas chez Sophocle, Théocrite et dans diverses épigrammes. —
II. Le temple d'Artémis Taurique. Dans Iphigénie en Tauride, 113, εϊσω τριγλύφων ne doit pas être traduit par « un vide entre deux triglyphes » : Pylade propose de pénétrer dans le temple d'Artémis par les parties hautes, par le toit, les « triglyphes » désignant ici par métonymie l'entablement.
Aristophane dans la tradition byzantine
Authors: Koster W.J.W. 
Published: April 2013

On peut éclairer la tradition byzantine d'Aristophane par l'étude des manuscrits et des papyrus conservés et par celle des commentateurs byzantins. Il y a des raisons pour mettre en doute l'opinion courante, selon laquelle le texte présenté par nos manuscrits médiévaux dépendrait entièrement d'un archétype unique : la comparaison de ces manuscrits avec les fragments sur papyrus (parchemin) d'avant l'époque de la translittération ne s'y montre pas favorable. Quant au commentaire, la formation de son archétype a été assignée par Zuntz à l'époque de la translittération. Les arguments de Zuntz sont convaincants en tant que la juxtaposition d'un commentaire aussi dense que celui du Venetus n'est devenue possible que dans les codices où la nouvelle écriture a été employée. D'autre part, la distinction des différents types de commentaire, qui est à la base du raisonnement de Zuntz, est trop formelle. Les papyrus montrent que des commentaires moins touffus, tels que nous les font connaître des commentaires byzantins comme celui de Thomas Magister, existaient déjà avant le IXe siècle. Il ne s'agit pas d'une différence générique, mais d'une disparité quantitative.
La question de l'archétype unique se pose également pour le commentaire ; mais ici, les raisons pour recourir à d'autres sources sont moins urgentes, parce que la tradition du commentaire a toujours été instable, surtout quant à l'intégrité du corpus scholiorum. Pour les scholia recenliora, il s'agit en premier lieu de faire connaître les commentaires individuels des philologues byzantins et leurs rédactions successives. Une étude approfondie des éditions byzantines montre qu'il ne faut pas présumer trop peu des mérites de leurs auteurs.
Le lyrisme d'Hélène
Authors: Dirat M. 
Published: April 2013

Le lyrisme d'Hélène ne mérite pas le décri auquel pourrait le condamner une étude trop rapide, ou le respect de canons d'un goût trop étroit.
Les deux commoi d'Hélène, dont le premier est le plus touchant, donnent à la fiction romanesque une charmante réalité.
Le duo lyrique des deux époux est assurément le morceau le plus original, mais il faut mieux goûter les multiples motifs de ses subtiles variations, où se déploie un art souverain.
Les chants du chœur, dans la diversité de leur poésie, concourent à la beauté de celte tragédie romanesque.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Psychiatric Residency Training Programs
Authors: Brodsky Beth S. , Stanley Barbara , Cabaniss Deborah L. 
Published: April 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Contrast the clinical need for clinicians trained in the treatment of borderline personality disorder with the relative lack of residency training programs providing curricula in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).

2.
List the components of the curriculum developed and implemented at Columbia University for clinical training for residents in DBT.

3.
Describe challenges associated with implementing a DBT curricula for psychiatry residents in the current graduate medical education structure.

Suicide is the 10th-leading cause of death in the US. More than 38,000 individuals died by suicide in the US in 2010.
1
This figure, although high, reflects only a fraction of those who engage in nonlethal suicide attempts; there are estimated to be 25 suicide attempts for every completed suicide in the US.
2
The incidence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), distinguished from suicidal behavior as deliberate self-harm without the intent to die, is unknown because no large-scale epidemiologic study of this behavior has been conducted. However, in studies of psychiatric inpatients, estimates of NSSI range from 4.3% to 6.5%.
3
In studies of psychiatric inpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), the estimates of the prevalence of NSSI are considerably higher and NSSI is a risk factor for later suicidal behavior.
4
Suicidal risk is one of the most frequent causes of visits to the emergency department, and of psychiatric hospitalization.
5
Smoking Counteracts the Favorable Effect of Exercise Training on Endothelial Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sato Shinji , Nakayama Noriko , Otsuki Shingo , Tanaka Shiro , Nakamura Hajime , Koshiyama Hiroyuki , Nohara Ryuji 
Published: April 2013

Background Exercise training can improve endothelial function in patients with diabetes. We hypothesized that the favorable effect of exercise training on endothelial function in patients with diabetes is counteracted by cigarette smoking. Purpose To assess whether there is a difference in the effect of exercise on endothelial function in smokers and non-smokers with type 2 diabetes. Methods We performed a 3-month controlled trial in 27 never-smoking and 17 smoking individuals with type 2 diabetes who participated in a home-based walking program. The percentage decrease in post-exercise ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI), which is an index of endothelial function, was assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Results Compared to the smoking group, the never-smoking group showed a more significant improvement in post exercise ABI during the 3 months of home-based training (interaction, P < 0.01). Conclusions These results indicate that smoking may counteract the favorable effects of exercise training on endothelial function. Endothelial function plays an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease among patients with diabetes. Therefore, a Certified Diabetes Educator should strongly advise diabetic patients not to smoke.
La muerte me da y su representación literaria de lo (in)visible: una aproximación alternativa a la violencia del género
Authors: Newland Rachel 
Published: April 2013

La violencia física y simbólica representa uno de los temas candentes del México actual con su reflejo más patente en la producción literaria contemporánea. El desplazamiento de espacios físicos y discursivos refleja esta dimensión violenta y potencialmente desconstructiva del poder que subyace las relaciones del género en el sentido tanto literario como social. Una de las autoras mexicanas que se encuentra en una posición estratégica de mediar este complejo terreno sociocultural es la matamorense, Cristina Rivera Garza. Su novela, La muerte me da (2007), representa una mina de lapsos temporales, imágenes rotas y citas intertextuales que crean un espacio literario distópico que deja que el lector cuestione la estabilidad o hasta la existencia misma de las categorías fijas, la realidad vivida y las lecturas exactas de un texto. Será el propósito de esta investigación explorar la aplicación literaria de la teoría radical de Judith Bulter sobre el género, la violencia y la (in)visibilidad de sus víctimas para analizar el ámbito literario garziano como una de las manifestaciones inesperadas de la violencia reflejada textualmente.
Archiveras anarquistas: Corporal Testimony in the Work of Diamela Eltit
Authors: Corbin Megan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract: There exists a constant within the trajectory of Diamela Eltit’s contributions to New Chilean Fiction: the turn to the body’s revelatory capacity as a corporal archive of human existence. Simultaneously exploring and rejecting the confines of the traditional testimonial reliance on language, Eltit moves the reader to a re-consideration of the truth-telling function of the biological materiality of the body, placing imperfect corporalities on display as a means of speaking, even where the voice itself may falter. This essay locates Eltit’s move to the corporal within the trajectory of feminist criticism, the traumatic realities of the Chilean dictatorship and post-dictatorship periods, and the search for the recuperation of those bodily knowledges represented by the disappeared. Next, it turns to Eltit’s Impuesto a la carne as her most recent re-visioning of the importance of corporal textualities, whether or not the subject-matter of the body’s denunciation is connected to the dictatorship. Lastly, this essay reconsiders the rejective power of the traditional archive, analyzing the effect set models have on those who seek to tell their stories outside of the traditional testimonial model. I argue that the case of Diamela Eltit is an example of the way writers and producers of cultural texts which actively inscribe alternative memories of the past are resisting the authoritative power of the archive and subversively inscribing narrative memory onto bodily materialities, re-orienting the view of the corporal from an evidentiary showing to an active process of re-telling the past. Eltit’s novels, inscribed with her corporal textual model, give voice to survivors, articulating an alternate historical model for the archive, embracing the biological and making it speak against the rigid abuses of authoritarianism.