bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemicity of Chlorantraniliprole in Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)
Authors: Chen Xiao-Jun , Cui Hai-Rong , Fan Shu-Qin , Wang Meng , Lu Chunliang , Yang Yi-Zhong 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The systemicity of chlorantraniliprole was investigated and evidence was collected for formulating strategies in controlling vegetable or rice pests. Systemicity of chlorantraniliprole was investigated through chlorantraniliprole application on velvetleaf ( butilon theophrasti) leaves as well as through hydroponic experiments. The roots of velvetleaf were incubated in chlorantraniliprole solution with a concentration of 50 μg/mL; the concentrations of chlorantraniliprole in xylem above the solution parts were 3.14, 5.67, and 6.89 μg/g at 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. When the roots were incubated in chlorantraniliprole solution with a concentration of 200 μg/mL, the concentrations of chlorantraniliprole in xylem above the solution reached 6.48, 8.76, and 10.55 μg/g at 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Chlorantraniliprole was not detected in the phloem above the solution after these two treatments. When chlorantraniliprole solution with a concentration of 100 μg/mL was applied on mature leaves, chlorantraniliprole was found in xylem above the mature leaves at concentrations of 0.55, 0.74, and 0.92 μg/g at 24, 48, and 72 h after the treatment. No chlorantraniliprole was detected in the leaves below the mature leaves or the phloem above them. When chlorantraniliprole solution with a concentration of 100 μg/mL was applied on apical leaves, no chlorantraniliprole was detected in the xylem or phloem below them. These results indicated that chlorantraniliprole can be transported through xylem only upward, but chlorantraniliprole has no phloem mobility in velvetleaf.
Determination of Florfenicol in Fish Feeds at High Inclusion Rates by HPLC-UV
Authors: Hayes John 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This paper presents a modification of the HPLC- UV method for the determination of florfenicol in fish feed to allow its use for medicated feeds with inclusion rates as high as 6 g/kg. The work was undertaken to make the method, previously validated over a range from 0.2 to 4 g/kg, applicable to higher concentration medicated feeds required for certain warmwater species. Method validation experiments confirmed that the modified method is suitable for quantitation of florfenicol in fish feed over an expanded 0.2–6 g/kg range. Accuracy was evaluated by two analysts over a range of 4–9 g/kg (up to 150% of the highest incorporation rate). The average accuracy was 100.1% (SD 0.4%). The accuracy data were used to evaluate repeatability and intermediate precision (interday and analyst). Proof of performance was conducted by replicate analysis of samples taken from commercial scale batches of salmonid and catfish feeds medicated at 4 g/kg and 6 g/kg.
Best Practices for Single-Laboratory Validation of Chemical Methods for Trace Elements in Foods. Part I—Background and General Considerations
Authors: Murphy Cory J , MacNeil James D , Capar Stephen G 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The metals subgroup of AOAC INTERNATIONAL's Community on Chemical Contaminants and Residues in Food has been engaged for the past several years in discussions concerning the requirements for the single-laboratory validation (SLV) of methods for the determination of trace elements in foods. This paper reviews the general guidance currently available related to validation of chemical analytical methods and current typical validation practices found in publications on the analysis of elements in food and other matrixes, such as environmental and clinical samples. Based on the available guidance on SLV requirements and a review of current practices in elemental analysis, a general approach based on best practices is proposed for SLV of a method for elements in food to demonstrate the method as “fit-for-purpose.”
Poor Interoperability of the Adams-Harbertson Method for Analysis of Anthocyanins: Comparison with AOAC pH Differential Method
Authors: Brooks Larry M , Kuhlman  Kuhlman Benjamin J , McKesson Doug W , McCloskey Leo 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The poor interoperability of anthocyanin glycosides measurements by two pH differential methods is documented. Adams-Harbertson, which was proposed for commercial winemaking, was compared to AOAC Official MethodSM 2005.02 for wine. California bottled wines (Pinot Noir, Merlot, and Cabernet Sauvignon) were assayed in a collaborative study (n = 105), which found mean precision of Adams- Harbertson winery versus reference measurements to be 77 ± 20%. Maximum error is expected to be 48% for Pinot Noir, 42% for Merlot, and 34% for Cabernet Sauvignon from reproducibility RSD. Range of measurements was actually 30 to 91% for Pinot Noir. An interoperability study (n = 30) found Adams-Harbertson produces measurements that are nominally 150% of the AOAC pH differential method. Large analytical chemistry differences are: AOAC method uses Beer-Lambert equation and measures absorbance at pH 1.0 and 4.5, proposed a priori by Flueki and Francis; whereas Adams-Harbertson uses “universal” standard curve and measures absorbance ad hoc at pH 1.8 and 4.9 to reduce the effects of so-called co-pigmentation. Errors relative to AOAC are produced by Adams-Harbertson standard curve over Beer-Lambert and pH 1.8 over pH 1.0. The study recommends using AOAC Official Method 2005.02 for analysis of wine anthocyanin glycosides.
ChemInform Abstract: Sillen—Aurivillius Intergrowth Phases as Templates for Naturally Layered Multiferroics.
Authors: Liu S. , Mueller W. , Liu Y. , Avdeev M. , Ling C. D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new series of transition metal‐doped Sillen—Aurivillius phases, Bi6Ti2MO14Cl (M: Cr, Mn, Fe), is prepared by solid state reaction of the corresponding metal oxides and BiOCl (evacuated quartz tube, 1093 K (Cr, Fe) or 1043 K (Mn), 20—100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Homo‐ and Heterovalent Substitutions in the New Clathrates I Si30P16Te8‐xSex and Si30+xP16‐xTe8‐xBrx: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Thermoelectric Properties.
Authors: Abramchuk Nikolay S. , Carrillo‐Cabrera Wilder , Veremchuk Igor , Oeschler Niels , Olenev Andrei V. , Prots Yurii , Burkhardt Ulrich , Dikarev Evgeny V. , Grin Juri , Shevelkov Andrei V. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe new title clathrates are synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Si, P, Te, Se, and TeBr4 (sealed quartz tube, 1173—1373 K, 96—168 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heteroatomic Zintl Anions in Liquid Ammonia — The New Highly Charged [Sn4Bi4]4‐ and Fully Ordered [Sn2Bi2]2‐.
Authors: Friedrich Ute , Neumeier Maria , Koch Carina , Korber Nikolaus 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCompounds (II) and (IV) are characterized by single crystal XRD, electron spray mass spectrometry, and ab initio calculations on the Hartree Fock level.
ChemInform Abstract: Subtle Impact of Atomic Ratio, Charge and Lewis Basicity on Structure Selection and Stability. The Zint Anion [(La@In2Bi11)(μ‐Bi)2 (La@In2Bi11)]6‐.
Authors: Weinert Bastian , Weigend Florian , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBlack, prismatic crystals of [K([2.2.2]crypt)]6{ [La@In2Bi11](μ‐Bi)2 [La@In2Bi11]}·3en·3toluene are synthesized by addition of a suspension of [La(C5Me4H)3] (tris(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)lanthanum) in toluene to a solution of [K([2.2.2]crypt)]2[InBi3]·en in en (vigorous stirring, 20 °C, 3 h, 11% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Benzimidazole Annulated New Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis of New Polycyclic Pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Khalil Mohamed Ali A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPolyfunctional pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and azepine derivatives of potential pharmaceutical interest are synthesized starting from 2‐cyano‐2‐(1,3‐dioxo‐2‐indenylidene)benzimidazole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Annulated Arenes and Heteroarenes Involving Lewis Acid Mediated Regioselective Annulation of Unsymmetrical 1,2‐(Diaryl/diheteroarylmethine)dipivalates.
Authors: Sivasakthikumaran Ramakrishnan , Nandakumar Meganathan , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn the presence of ZnBr2 unsymmetrical 1,2‐(diarylmethine)dipivalates undergo simple, versatile, and regioselective ring closure to afford various polycyclic skeletons.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Deprotection of p‐Methoxybenzyl Ethers: A Mild and Chemoselective Method.
Authors: Kern Nicolas , Dombray Thomas , Blanc Aurelien , Weibel Jean‐Marc , Pale Patrick 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA number of p‐methoxybenzyl ethers as well as esters undergo efficient and selective deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Amberlite IR‐120 Resin: A Rapid and Green Method for the Synthesis of Phenols from Arylboronic Acids under Metal, Ligand, and Base‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Mulakayala Naveen , Ismail Ismail , Kumar Kottur Mohan , Rapolu Rajesh Kumar , Kandagatla Bhaskar , Rao Pallavi , Oruganti Srinivas , Pal Manojit 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHydroxylation of arylboronic acids in the presence of recyclable, strongly acidic cross‐linked Amberlite results in formation of the corresponding phenols in good to excellent yields within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Synthesis of Benzene Derivatives: Broensted Acid Catalyzed and Iodine‐Promoted Tandem Cyclization of 5,2‐Enyn‐1‐ones.
Authors: Yang Fang , Qiu Yi‐Feng , Ji Ke‐Gong , Niu Yan‐Ning , Ali Shaukat , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe title reactions allow convenient access to methoxy‐, ethoxy‐, iodomethoxy‐, iodoethoxy‐, and diiodobenzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: syn‐Selective Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of Sulfonyl Imines with Iminoesters Catalyzed by the N,N,N‐Tridentate Bis(imidazolidine)pyridine (PyBidine)—Cu(OTf)2 Complex.
Authors: Arai Takayoshi , Mishiro Asami , Matsumura Eri , Awata Atsuko , Shirasugi Mayu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe reaction is effective for the N‐tosyl and N‐4‐nosylimines but can not be applied to the 2‐nosylimines.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Porphyrin Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Type Reaction of Arenes with Imines.
Authors: Terada Takuma , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTwo ruthenium‐porphyrin complexes are utilized in the Friedel‐Crafts type reaction of arenes with imines.
ChemInform Abstract: On Differences Between Racemic and Enantiomerically Pure Forms of Aziridine‐2‐carboxamide.
Authors: Turks M. , Rijkure I. , Belyakov S. , Zicane D. , Kumpins V. , Bizdena E. , Meikas A. , Valkna A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA straightforward, reproducible and scalable method for the synthesis of both enantiomers of aziridine‐2‐carboxamide (Leakadine) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Generation of Zinc Carbenes from Alkynes: Zinc‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation and Si—H Bond Insertion Reactions.
Authors: Vicente Ruben , Gonzalez Jesus , Riesgo Lorena , Gonzalez Javier , Lopez Luis A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new approach for the title generation of zinc carbenes is disclosed and accomplished in cyclopropanation and Si—H bond insertion reactions by using an easily available, inexpensive, and low toxic catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Furan‐3‐carboxylic and 4‐Methylene‐4,5‐dihydrofuran‐3‐carboxylic Esters by Direct Palladium Iodide Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of 3‐Yne‐1,2‐diol Derivatives.
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Mancuso Raffaella , Maltese Vito , Veltri Lucia , Salerno Giuseppe 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed reaction of ynediols bearing primary or secondary hydroxy groups at C1 with CO, alcohols, and air allows a new and convenient access to diverse furan‐3‐carboxylic esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct α‐Arylation of α‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds with Indoles Using Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Hu Ming , Huang Xiao‐Cheng , Gong Lu‐Bing , Xie Ye‐Xiang , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe title reaction provides a new and mild approach to a number of indole products of type (III), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II) Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsaturated Oxazolines via Arene C—H Bond Alkenylation.
Authors: Li Bin , Devaraj Karthik , Darcel Christophe , Dixneuf Pierre H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMonoalkylation of arene C—H bonds directed by an oxazoline group to afford bifunctional alkenes (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 5,6‐Dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines via Grob Reaction Between (E)‐1,1,1‐Trifluoro‐3‐nitro‐2‐butene and 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Korotaev Vladislav Y. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Y. , Barkov Alexey Y. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Shklyaev Yurii V. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA simple one‐step procedure to synthesize 5,6‐dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines such as (III) and (V) without any catalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cyanoguanidine Derivatives of Loratadine.
Authors: Liu Wukun , Zhou Jinpei , Zhang Tong , Zhang Huibin , Zhu Haiyang , Cheng Yanhua , Gust Ronald 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDesloratadine (I), synthesized according to previously published methods, is reacted with thioates (II) to yield the target compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine]triones by Alum as a Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Shirvan Sadif A. , Ghahremanzadeh Ramin , Moghaddam Mojtaba Mirhosseini , Bazgir Ayoob , Zarnani Amir Hassan , Akhondi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTitle compounds (IV) are efficiently synthesized through a three‐component one‐pot reaction using [bmim]PF6 as an effective green reaction medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Carbodiimide Mediated Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones via the Tandem Strategy of C‐Nucleophilic Addition and Intramolecular NH‐Substitution Cyclization.
Authors: Nakano Hayato , Kutsumura Noriki , Saito Takao 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn aza‐Wittig reaction of iminophosphorane (I) with isocyanates (II) forms carbodiimides which are coupled as crude products with various organometallic reagents to give access to a broad spectrum of fused pyrimidine structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Functionalized 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4‐benzoxazines via [5 + 1] Annulations of 2‐Halo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl Compounds with Imines.
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Ru , Xie Jian‐Wu , Huang Xu‐Jiao , Zhu Wei‐Dong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIf chloromalonate is used as starting material, the yields are much lower.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Seven‐Membered‐Ring trans‐Alkenes from Dienes and Aldehydes by Silylene Transfer.
Authors: Greene Margaret A. , Prevost Michel , Tolopilo Joshua , Woerpel K. A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe title oxasilacycloheptenes are formed in two steps involving the Ag(I)‐catalyzed silylene transfer from silacyclopropane (II) to dienes, followed by insertion of aldehydes into the generated vinylsilacyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferroelectric Polymer Gates for Non‐volatile Field Effect Control of Ferromagnetism in (Ga,Mn)As Layers
Authors: Stolichnov I. , Riester S. W. E. , Mikheev E. , Setter N. , Rushforth A. W. , Edmonds K. W. , Campion R. P. , Foxon C. T. , Gallagher B. L. , Jungwirth T. , et al. et al. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractReview: 62 refs.
Energetics of weakening and recovery of the Atlantic overturning in a climate change simulation
Authors: Saenko Oleg A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn idealized climate change simulation is used to investigate the energetics of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at the stages of its weakening and recovery. There is a good correlation between the strength of the AMOC and the available potential energy (APE) in the upper 3 km of the ocean, integrated north of 50°N or globally, both during the weakening and recovery. Buoyancy forcing is important at both stages. In the Southern Ocean, the APE gradually builds up and correlates with the depth of pycnocline in the Atlantic Ocean. This suggests that mechanical forcing plays an important role in the recovery of the AMOC.
Evolution and future of the Lusi mud eruption inferred from ground deformation
Authors: Rudolph M. L. , Shirzaei M. , Manga M. , Fukushima Y. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe ongoing eruption of the Lusi mud volcano in East Java, Indonesia offers the unprecedented opportunity to study a large eruption from its beginning to its eventual end. We use new observations of ground deformation obtained from multitemporal interferometric analysis of L‐band synthetic aperture radar data to show that Lusi will stop erupting much sooner than previously anticipated. Using principal component analysis, we find that the rate of ground deformation, and by implication, pressure in the mud source region, has been decaying exponentially with an e‐folding time scale of 2.1 ± 0.4 years. We anticipate that discharge will decrease to 10% of the present rate in 5 years.
TEST‐SPECIFIC CONTROL CONDITIONS FOR FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES
Authors: Fahmie Tara A. , Iwata Brian A. , Querim Angie C. , Harper Jill M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMost functional analyses of problem behavior include a common condition (play or noncontingent reinforcement) as a control for both positive and negative reinforcement. However, test‐specific conditions that control for each potential source of reinforcement may be beneficial occasionally. We compared responding during alone, ignore, play, and differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) control conditions for individuals whose problem behavior was maintained by positive or negative reinforcement. Results showed that all of the conditions were effective controls for problem behavior maintained by positive reinforcement; however, the DRO condition was consistently ineffective as a control for problem behavior maintained by negative reinforcement. Implications for the design of functional analyses and future research are discussed.
The Influence of Age and Gender on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Rivaroxaban—An Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor
Authors: Kubitza Dagmar , Becka Michael , Roth Angelika , Mueck Wolfgang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA randomized, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study was conducted to assess the effect of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rivaroxaban – an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor. Subjects (n = 34) were enrolled into four groups: young males or females (aged 18–45 years) and elderly males or females (aged >75 years), and received a single dose of 10 mg rivaroxaban. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were determined. Gender had no significant influence on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rivaroxaban. The area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of rivaroxaban was 41% higher in elderly compared with young subjects; corresponding AUC values for the inhibition of Factor Xa activity and prolongation of prothrombin time were also higher. These changes were the result of reduced rivaroxaban clearance in elderly subjects, mainly owing to decreased renal function. The influence of age was not considered clinically relevant. The maximum plasma concentration was not increased in elderly subjects, and pharmacodynamic parameters returned close to baseline within 24 hours. The results indicate that age alone and gender did not have a clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rivaroxaban in healthy subjects after a 10 mg dose.
On Toughness and Hamiltonicity of 2K2‐Free Graphs
Authors: Broersma Hajo , Patel Viresh , Pyatkin Artem 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe toughness of a (noncomplete) graph G is the minimum value of t for which there is a vertex cut A whose removal yields components. Determining toughness is an NP‐hard problem for general input graphs. The toughness conjecture of Chvátal, which states that there exists a constant t such that every graph on at least three vertices with toughness at least t is hamiltonian, is still open for general graphs. We extend some known toughness results for split graphs to the more general class of 2K2‐free graphs, that is, graphs that do not contain two vertex‐disjoint edges as an induced subgraph. We prove that the problem of determining toughness is polynomially solvable and that Chvátal's toughness conjecture is true for 2K2‐free graphs.
Vom Wesen der Quantenchemie
Authors: Heitler Walter 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDie Quantenchemie stellt das Bindeglied zwischen der modernen Atomphysik und der Chemie dar. Die Arbeit schildert die Notwendigkeit einer gründlichen Kenntnis der Quantenmechanik und die daraus hervorgehende Problematik einer zu frühen Behandlung der Quantenchemie im Chemieunterricht.
„n‐i‐p‐i‐Kristalle”︁ — Halbleiter mit steuerbaren elektronischen Eigenschaften
Authors: DÖhler G. H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEine räumlich‐periodische n‐ und p‐Dotierung, möglicherweise mit intrisischen Zwischenschichten („n‐i‐p‐i”︁‐Struktur), mit Periodenlängen im Bereich von etwa 20 bis 500 nm modifiziert die elektronischen Eigenschaften eines Halbleiters drastisch. Die Leitfähigkeit kann durch Licht oder durch Ladungsträgerinjektion in weiten Grenzen variiert werden. Ebenso läßt sich die Photonenenergie bei der Lichtemission über einen weiten Teil der Bandlücke des Wirtskristalls verschieben. Die optische Absorption ist ebenfalls variabel und kann bereits bei schwacher Anregungsintensität das Vorzeichen ändern. Darüber hinaus bilden solche Halbleiter eine ideale Modellsubstanz zur Untersuchung zweidimensionaler elektronischer Systeme.
Biophysik des Sehvorganges: Vorgestellt am Beispiel der Sehzelle des Pfeilschwanzes Limulus
Authors: Stieve H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDer Mechanismus der Transduktion des Lichtreizes in ein elektrisches Erregungssignal wird am Beispiel der Photorezeptorzelle des Pfeilschwanzes Limulus beschrieben. Die Absorption eines Photons durch den Sehfarbstoff Rhodopsin in der photosensorischen Membran einer solchen Lichtsinneszelle führt zu einer relativ großen Antwort, dem sog. Bump.Ein Bump ist eine vorübergehende Vergrößerung der Membranleitfähigkeit (Dauer eines Bumps ≈ 100 ms), die der Photonenabsorption mit einer stark variierenden Verzögerung (im Mittel 200 − 300 ms) folgt. Auch die Größe des Bumps (im Mittel etwa 50 pAs) variiert beträchtlich. Ein Bump beruht auf der vorübergehenden Öffnung einer großen Zahl (103 − 104) ionenspezifischer Kanäle durch die Sehzellmembran.Lichtadaptation setzt die Empfindlichkeit der Sehzelle herab, primär durch eine Rückkopplungssteuerung, die die Verstärkung und damit die Größe der Bumps verkleinert; im äußersten Falle so weit, daß ein absorbiertes Photon die vorübergehende Öffnung von nur einem Ionenkanal hervorruft. Der Bumpentstehungsmechanismus wird diskutiert.