bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and time efficiency of a novel deep learning algorithm for Intracranial Hemorrhage detection in CT Scans
Authors: D’Angelo Tommaso , Bucolo Giuseppe M. , Kamareddine Tarek , Yel Ibrahim , Koch Vitali , Gruenewald Leon D. , Martin Simon , Alizadeh Leona S. , Mazziotti Silvio , Blandino Alfredo , Vogl Thomas J. , Booz Christian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate a deep learning-based pipeline using a Dense-UNet architecture for the assessment of acute intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) head scans after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Materials and methods
This retrospective study was conducted using a prototype algorithm that evaluated 502 NCCT head scans with ICH in context of TBI.
Four board-certified radiologists evaluated in consensus the CT scans to establish the standard of reference for hemorrhage presence and type of ICH. Consequently, all CT scans were independently analyzed by the algorithm and a board-certified radiologist to assess the presence and type of ICH. Additionally, the time to diagnosis was measured for both methods.

Results
A total of 405/502 patients presented ICH classified in the following types: intraparenchymal (n = 172); intraventricular (n = 26); subarachnoid (n = 163); subdural (n = 178); and epidural (n = 15). The algorithm showed high diagnostic accuracy (91.24%) for the assessment of ICH with a sensitivity of 90.37% and specificity of 94.85%. To distinguish the different ICH types, the algorithm had a sensitivity of 93.47% and a specificity of 99.79%, with an accuracy of 98.54%. To detect midline shift, the algorithm had a sensitivity of 100%. In terms of processing time, the algorithm was significantly faster compared to the radiologist’s time to first diagnosis (15.37 ± 1.85 vs 277 ± 14 s, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
A novel deep learning algorithm can provide high diagnostic accuracy for the identification and classification of ICH from unenhanced CT scans, combined with short processing times. This has the potential to assist and improve radiologists’ ICH assessment in NCCT scans, especially in emergency scenarios, when time efficiency is needed.
Familialismus reloaded? Zum Wandel von Wohlfahrtsstaat und Familie in Österreich
Authors: Deindl Raphael 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit Veränderungen in der österreichischen Familien- und Kinderbetreuungspolitik, die vor dem Hintergrund des unter neoliberalen Vorzeichen vorangetriebenen wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Umbaus sowie der damit verbundenen Neuverteilung reproduktiver Zuständigkeiten analysiert werden. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, ob und inwiefern dieser Wandel zu einer Aktualisierung, Modifizierung oder Verwerfung des familialistischen Profils Österreichs beiträgt. Der Wandel von Wohlfahrtsstaat und Familie wie auch die damit verbundene Neuordnung sozialer Reproduktionsverhältnisse werden im Rahmen einer historisch-materialistischen Analyse familienpolitischer Reform- und Entwicklungsprozesse untersucht. Im Rekurs auf feministische Kapitalismusanalysen sowie die kritische Wohlfahrtsstaatsforschung wird darauf eingegangen, wie die mit Sorgearbeit verbundenen Aufgaben und Zuständigkeiten als Teil der sozialen Reproduktion im Kapitalismus wohlfahrtsstaatlich ausgestaltet und gesellschaftlich (re‑)​organisiert werden. Mit Blick auf historische Entwicklungsdynamiken vom Fordismus zum Postfordismus werden hierbei familialisierende sowie defamilialisierende Tendenzen in der österreichischen Familien- und Kinderbetreuungspolitik beleuchtet. Der Beitrag gibt Aufschluss darüber, zu welchen Verschiebungen dieser Wandel in den sozialen Reproduktionsverhältnissen führt, welche Ungleichheiten damit einhergehen und inwiefern diese Entwicklungen im Einklang mit den funktionalen Erfordernissen des Gegenwartskapitalismus stehen.
Assessing Electronics with Advanced 3D X-ray Imaging Techniques, Nanoscale Tomography, and Deep Learning
Authors: Villarraga-Gómez Herminso , Crosby Kyle , Terada Masako , Rad Mansoureh Norouzi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents advanced workflows that combine 3D X-ray microscopy (XRM), nanoscale tomography, and deep learning (DL) to generate a detailed visualization of the interior of electronic devices and assemblies to enable the study of internal components for failure analysis (FA). Newly developed techniques, such as the integration of DL-based algorithms for 3D image reconstruction to improve scan quality through increased contrast and denoising, are also discussed in this article. In addition, a DL-based tool called DeepScout is presented. DeepScout uses 3D XRM scans in targeted regions of interest as training data for upscaling high-resolution in a low-resolution dataset, of a wider field of view, using a neural network model. Ultimately, these workflows can be run independently or complementary to other multiscale correlative microscopy evaluations, e.g., electron microscopy, and they will provide valuable insights into the inner workings of electronic packages and integrated circuits at multiple length scales, from macroscopic features on electronic devices (i.e., hundreds of mm) to microscopic details in electronic components (in the tens of nm). Understanding advanced electronic systems through X-ray imaging and machine learning—perhaps complemented with some additional correlative microscopy investigations—can speed development time, increase cost efficiency, and simplify FA and quality inspection of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and electronic devices assembled with new emerging technologies.
Field report: ambulance service in Ukraine during weaponized conflict
Authors: Thielmann Beatrice , Zavgorodnii Igor , Schwarze Robin , Zabashta Victor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCrises require changes to established structures, and this also applies to ambulance services. This case report addresses the Ukrainian ambulance service and the changes resulting from the armed conflict in Ukraine. The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the activities of the ambulance service of the Kharkiv region, the second-largest city in Ukraine. Kharkiv is still under heavy fire.
Applying Pascal’s Wager to Procreation
Authors: Blackshaw Bruce P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPascal’s wager uses decision theory to argue that it is rational to attempt to nurture belief in God, based on the expected utility of believing (infinite happiness) compared to not believing (at best, only finite happiness). A belief in an eternal conscious torment in hell (infinite suffering) for non-believers makes the differences in expected utility even more apparent, strengthening the argument. Similar reasoning can also be used to calculate the expected moral value of actions, including procreation. Under theism, if possible future children might suffer eternal conscious torment, the expected moral value of procreation is extremely negative. This implies that theists have a moral obligation not to procreate, which for most theists, entails a moral obligation to be celibate or to undergo sterilisation surgery.
Unveiling the invisible: first discovery of micro- and nanoplastic size segregation in indoor commercial markets using a cascade impactor
Authors: Bhat Mansoor Ahmad , Gaga Eftade O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) may enter the human body through food, drink, and air. Scientists have mainly focused on the first two routes, but little is known about the third. A cascade impactor having a size range of (> 2.5, 1.0–2.5, 0.50–1.0, 0.25–0.50, and < 0.25 μm) was used to study the size segregation of MNPs in different indoor commercial markets. The morphological characterization showed the presence of fibers, fragments, films, lines, foam, and pellets with different colors. Three hundred-seven particles were scanned for chemical description under Micro-Raman analysis, and 247 were identified and categorized into 52 MNPs . The standard MNPs found in the samples were PTFE, PE, PP, HDPE, PA, LDPE, and PAM. The SEM-EDX analysis showed that C, O, and F had the highest weight% among all elements seen, while C, O, F, Mg, and Al were the common elements. These MNPs are small enough to get inhaled easily. MNPs in these indoor environments showed vast sources that emit these polymeric particles and have harmful human health impacts, particularly on the employees working there. So, there is a need to take the necessary measures to minimize the release of these MNPs in these indoor environments and their impacts on human health.
Introduction to Topical Collection: Changing Values and Energy Systems
Authors: Alleblas Joost , Melnyk Anna , van de Poel Ibo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper is the introduction to a topical collection on “Changing Values and Energy Systems” that consists of six contributions that examine instances of value change regarding the design, use and operation of energy systems. This introduction discusses the need to consider values in the energy transition. It examines conceptions of value and value change and how values can be addressed in the design of energy systems. Value change in the context of energy and energy systems is a topic that has recently gained traction. Current, and past, energy transitions often focus on a limited range of values, such as sustainability, while leaving other salient values, such as energy democracy, or energy justice, out of the picture. Furthermore, these values become entrenched in the design of these systems: it is hard for stakeholders to address new concerns and values in the use and operation of these systems, leading to further costly transitions and systems’ overhaul. To remedy this issue, value change in the context of energy systems needs to be better understood. We also need to think about further requirements for the governance, institutional and engineering design of energy systems to accommodate future value change. Openness, transparency, adaptiveness, flexibility and modularity emerge as new requirements within the current energy transition that need further exploration and scrutiny.
Das Modellprojekt ‚FSJ Pflege‘ im Fokus
Authors: Feyer Natascha Jessica 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Ansätze und Arbeitsweisen der Jugendsozialarbeit können eine Möglichkeit sein, die Exklusivität und die Zugangsbarrieren von Jugendfreiwilligendiensten zu verringern. Das Modellprojekt „FSJ Pflege“ versucht durch diese Verknüpfung, junge Menschen, die bisher im FSJ unterrepräsentiert sind, für ein FSJ und den Pflegebereich zu begeistern.
Hydrogeochemical and rare earth element properties of geothermal waters and the use of abandoned oil wells in Diyarbakır
Authors: Şener Mehmet Furkan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTürkiye is one of the most tectonically active regions in the world. Diyarbakır, which was chosen as the study area, is located in the south-eastern Anatolian region of Türkiye and also in the south of the Bitlis-Zagros Suture Zone (BZSZ). Some of the geothermal resources in Diyarbakır are actively exploited. The temperature of Çermik geothermal waters was recorded at 40–51 °C by MTA (General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration) between 2010 and 2014. However, subsequent measurements conducted following the Kahramanmaraş earthquake (Mw: 7.7 on 6 February 2023) revealed that the surface temperature of geothermal fluids had increased to between 52 and 56 °C. Previous studies have indicated that there are also many abandoned oil wells in the region where the wellhead temperatures are around 107 °C. As a result of hydrogeochemical analyses, deep circulating geothermal waters such as Çermik have Na-HCO3 composition, while shallow circulating and mixed cold surface waters such as Çınar, Bismil and Sur have Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 composition. According to the chalcedony geothermometer results, the reservoir temperatures in the study area vary between 90 °C and 173 °C. REY (Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium) results show that geothermal fluids in the study area have negative cerium (Ce), europium (Eu) and yttrium (Y) anomalies. The negative Ce anomaly indicates that the colder aquifers are close to oxygen-rich surface waters and thermal fluids interact with Karacadağ volcanic rocks. Eu anomalies in groundwater are controlled by preferential mobilisation of Eu2+ during water-rock interaction compared to Eu3+, and negative Eu anomalies indicate leakage of geothermal fluids from granites. The Y/Ho values of the thermal fluids in the study area are between 30 and 40. This value is due to the active contribution of fluorine during the mobilisation of REY as a fluoride or fluorocarbonate ligand complex, causing Y to behave as a heavy pseudolanthanide. δ18O and δ2H isotope values show that the geothermal waters in the study area are of meteoric origin. The obtained results reveal that Diyarbakir province has a geothermal potential and usage potential can be increased by using the abandoned oil wells.
Sensitivity Analysis of Hydraulic Fracturing Parameters for Optimum Horizontal Well Spacing in Tight Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Helmy Ahmed G. , Salem Said K. , Elnoby Mohsen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThree-dimensional reservoir simulation models were developed to perform different simulation runs which aim to get an estimate for the optimal well productivity in such unconventional very low permeability reservoirs. It will take into consideration the limitations, uncertainties and capabilities of each parameter like matrix permeability, hydraulic fracturing spacing, half-length, height and conductivity to get an enhanced estimate of the optimal production ultimate recovery by using the uncertainty analysis. Hydraulic fracturing parameters with reservoir data were used to estimate the optimum well spacing distance between the horizontal wells in tight oil reservoirs. The estimated recovery factor and production forecasting using the reservoir simulation with its capabilities to get computational cases with different combinations will get the optimal well count with optimum economic evaluation. Different reservoir modeling scenarios were built with various arrangements of affecting factors. Characterizing hydraulic fracture parameters, such as fracture spacing, fracture height, fracture half-length and fracture conductivity, are studied by setting different ranges per parameter and results were investigated by comparing the oil production rate trends and total cumulative oil production after a ten-year lifetime. Sensitivity analysis was performed on the different hydraulic fracturing parameters by setting different ranges and setting the objective function to be the cumulative oil production. A complete statistical analysis for the results from the simulation runs using response surface analysis including Morris’s method and Sobol method which is a variance-based analysis was carried out. This study sensitivity analyses shed light on the long-term production behavior of tight oil reservoirs. The findings indicate that the most important parameters that influence the performance of such tight reservoirs are those related to fracture half-length and fracture height, fracture conductivity and matrix permeability. A general production trend analysis and comparisons are run for various well spacings with different numbers of wells per 100 acres (40.4687 ha). Because of their quick rates of decline, unconventional reservoirs typically favor high initial rates. Furthermore, drilling and fracturing procedures are expensive. As a result, it is crucial to quantify these fracture parameters using different data to optimize the fracture design for both single and many wells using economic analysis. The impact of the oil price and the other operational costs required for various instances will be considered in an economic evaluation based on a new well spacing optimization process. The net present value was calculated for several cases by changing the number of wells (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 wells), and showed that the optimum well spacing is 300 feet (91.44 m) per 100 acres (40.4687 ha) for a tight oil reservoir.
Comprehensive Overview on the Present State and Evolution of Global Warming, Climate Change, Greenhouse Gasses and Renewable Energy
Authors: Bilgili Mehmet , Tumse Sergen , Nar Sude 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe impact of the climate and environmental problems experienced in the world with the Industrial Revolution has prominently begun to be felt today, and the consequences of climate change on the environment and public health have now become visible. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions resulting from human activities, which is the main cause of global climate change, caused the global surface temperature to be 1.1 °C higher between 2011 and 2020 compared to 1850–1900. In parallel with this global problem, the transition to clean energy has increased significantly with Russia's invasion of Ukraine, more aggressive energy and climate policies, technological developments, and increasing concerns about energy security. In this study, global climate change indicators, including land and sea surface air temperatures, sea level rise, sea ice extent, ocean heat content, surface humidity, and total column water vapor, are reviewed and updated in parallel with a comprehensive analysis of the progress in renewable energy. The results showed that if no measures are taken to reduce human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, the global average temperature will increase further in the coming years and the negative effects of other climate parameters will be felt even more. It has been emphasized that limiting human-induced global warming requires renewable and sustainable energy sources and net zero CO2 emissions and that the simultaneous adoption of emission reduction and adaptation strategies will be the most effective economic and technical solution to the global warming problem.
Fractional boundary value problems and elastic sticky brownian motions
Authors: D’Ovidio Mirko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe extend the results obtained in [14] by introducing a new class of boundary value problems involving non-local dynamic boundary conditions. We focus on the problem to find a solution to a local problem on a domain $$\varOmega $$
Ω
with non-local dynamic conditions on the boundary $$\partial \varOmega $$

∂
Ω

. Due to the pioneering nature of the present research, we propose here the apparently simple case of $$\varOmega =(0, \infty )$$

Ω
=
(
0
,
∞
)

with boundary $$\{0\}$$

{
0
}

of zero Lebesgue measure. Our results turn out to be instructive for the general case of boundary with positive (finite) Borel measures. Moreover, in our view, we bring new light to dynamic boundary value problems and the probabilistic description of the associated models.
On the existence and uniqueness of the solution to multifractional stochastic delay differential equation
Authors: Bouguetof Khaoula , Mezdoud Zaineb , Kebiri Omar , Hartmann Carsten 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study existence and uniqueness of solution stochastic differential equations involving fractional integrals driven by Riemann-Liouville multifractional Brownian motion and a standard Brownian. Then, we obtain approximate numerical solution of our problem and colon cancer chemotherapy effect model are presented to confirm our results. We show that considering time dependent Hurst parameters play an important role to get more realistic results.
Impact and management of integrated dysphagia rehabilitation within cardiac care programs for older patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Obata Hiroaki , Izumi Tohru , Ishizuka Mitsuo , Yamaguchi Kenji , Hao Naohito , Yagihara Nobue , Abe Satoru , Watanabe Hiroshi , Inomata Takayuki , Makita Shigeru , Fujimoto Shigeru 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study assessed the characteristics, management, and outcomes of dysphagia rehabilitation in older patients with CVD in a super-aged society, highlighting the need for comprehensive management strategies in community hospital settings. It aimed to uncover valuable insights into the benefits of integrating dysphagia rehabilitation with cardiac care in patient management.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of patients with CVD aged ≥ 65 years who were admitted to Niigata Minami Hospital between January 2019 and December 2021. We focused on patients requiring dysphagia rehabilitation and assessing the effects of these interventions on recovery.

Results
The study included 732 participants with an average age of 86.0 ± 7.8 years, of whom 41.9% were male. Approximately 55.1% required dysphagia rehabilitation. Dysphagia rehabilitation significantly improved oral caloric intake and BMI in patients who underwent rehabilitation, and these improvements were comparable to those in patients who did not require dysphagia rehabilitation. Significant enhancement in the ADL of patients was observed at discharge. Patients who required dysphagia rehabilitation also had longer hospital stays and were more likely to be discharged to nursing facilities.

Conclusion
Dysphagia is common in older patients with CVD, and dysphagia rehabilitation positively affects the maintenance of nutritional status and helps patients achieve ADL independence at discharge. This study highlights the importance of integrating dysphagia rehabilitation into ordinary cardiac rehabilitation programs for older patients with CVD to improve their QOL.
Digital intermediaries in pandemic times: social media and the role of bots in communicating emotions and stress about Coronavirus
Authors: Elayan Suzanne , Sykora Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCOVID-19 impacted citizens around the globe physically, economically, socially, or emotionally. In the first 2 years of its emergence, the virus dominated media in offline and online conversations. While fear was a justifiable emotion; were online discussions deliberately fuelling it? Concerns over the prominent negativity and mis/disinformation on social media grew, as people relied on social media more than ever before. This study examines expressions of stress and emotions used by bots on what was formerly known as Twitter. We collected 5.6 million tweets using the term “Coronavirus” over two months in the early stages of the pandemic. Out of 77,432 active users, we found that over 15% were bots while 48% of highly active accounts displayed bot-like behaviour. We provide evidence of how bots and humans used language relating to stress, fear and sadness; observing substantially higher prevalence of stress and fear messages being re-tweeted by bots over human accounts. We postulate, social media is an emotion-driven attention information market that is open to “automated” manipulation, where attention and engagement are its primary currency. This observation has practical implications, especially online discussions with heightened emotions like stress and fear may be amplified by bots, influencing public perception and sentiment.
Charting a Path Forward for the International Journal on Networked and Distributed Computing
Authors: Dazzi Patrizio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe International Journal of Networked and Distributed Computing has been pioneering research that advances our understanding of networked and distributed computing. As the newly appointed Editor-in-Chief, in this editorial, I articulate my vision for the future of the journal, emphasizing its commitment to maintaining rigorous standards while embracing technological advancements. Key areas of focus will be extended to include the Quantum Internet, Serverless Computing, Distributed Intelligence, the convergence of HPC and Cloud Continuum, and sustainable computing practices. Innovative initiatives, such as enhancing the editorial board, forging strategic research partnerships, and, possibly, expanding article types, are introduced to elevate the journal’s impact and relevance. The feasibility of establishing an ad hoc periodic series of works realized in collaboration with key researchers in the different fields, focused on recent trends, findings, and technological roadmaps will be investigated. The rigorous editorial process that characterizes the journal, aimed at ensuring academic integrity and transparency, will not be affected.