bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological disambiguation of Hebrew: a case study in classifier combination
Authors: LEMBERSKY GENNADI , SHACHAM DANNY , WINTNER SHULY 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMorphological analysis and disambiguation are crucial stages in a variety of natural language processing applications, especially when languages with complex morphology are concerned. We present a system which disambiguates the output of a morphological analyzer for Hebrew. It consists of several simple classifiers and a module that combines them under the constraints imposed by the analyzer. We explore several approaches to classifier combination, as well as a back-off mechanism that relies on a large unannotated corpus. Our best result, around 83 percent accuracy, compares favorably with the state of the art on this task.
Climate change and internal migration patterns in Bangladesh: an agent-based model
Authors: Hassani-Mahmooei Behrooz , Parris Brett W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBangladesh is one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change impacts such as extreme weather events, due to its low-lying topography, high population density and widespread poverty. In this paper, we report on the development and results of an agent-based model of the migration dynamics that may arise in Bangladesh as a result of climate change. The main modules are each calibrated with data on relevant indicators, such as the incidences of extreme poverty, socioeconomic vulnerability, demography, and historical drought, cyclone and flood patterns. The results suggest likely changes in population densities across Bangladesh due to migration from the drought-prone western districts and areas vulnerable to cyclones and floods in the south, towards northern and eastern districts. The model predicts between 3 and 10 million internal migrants over the next 40 years, depending on the severity of the hazards. Some associated policy considerations are also discussed.
Vitamin D status in Chinese pregnant women and their newborns in Beijing and their relationships to birth size
Authors: Song Shu Jun , Si Shaoyan , Liu Junli , Chen Xingming , Zhou Ling , Jia Guiyue , Liu Genlan , Niu Yujing , Wu Jie , Zhang Wenying , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their newborns in Beijing, China and the influence of vitamin D deficiency on birth size.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingData were collected from pregnant women who delivered during April to May 2010 at 306 Hospital of PLA in Beijing, China.SubjectsParticipants in the study were seventy healthy nulliparous pregnant women with singleton pregnancies who delivered healthy babies at full term and their newborns.ResultsSevere vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 25 nmol/l) was detected in 54·5 % of mothers and 46·6 % of newborns. Neither mothers nor newborns had serum 25(OH)D concentrations that reached the normal level (>75 nmol/l). The concentration of 25(OH)D in mothers was positively correlated with that in cord blood (r = 0·89, P < 0·001). Newborns of mothers with severe vitamin D deficiency had lower birth length and birth weight. The head circumference and birth weight were lower in vitamin D-deficient newborns.ConclusionsThe study indicates that pregnant women and neonates residing in Beijing are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency. Neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations are dependently related to maternal 25(OH)D levels. Maternal and neonatal vitamin D status influences newborn size.
‘We eat together; today she buys, tomorrow I will buy the food’: adolescent best friends’ food choices and dietary practices in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Voorend Carlijn GN , Norris Shane A , Griffiths Paula L , Sedibe Modiehi H , Westerman Marjan J , Doak Colleen M 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo explore if and how female adolescents engage in shared eating and joint food choices with best friends within the context of living in urban Soweto, South Africa.DesignA qualitative, exploratory, multiple case study was conducted using semi-structured duo interviews of best friend pairs to ascertain their eating patterns, friendship and social interactions around dietary habits.SettingParticipants were recruited from three high schools in the urban township of Soweto, South Africa.SubjectsFifty-eight female adolescents (twenty-nine friend pairs) still in high school (mean age of 18 years) were enrolled.ResultsAlthough overweight rates were high, no association between friends was found; neither did friends share dieting behaviours. Both at school and during visits to the shopping mall, foods were commonly shared and money pooled together by friends to make joint purchases. Some friends carefully planned expenditures together. Foods often bought at school were mostly unhealthy. Availability, price and quality were reported to affect choice of foods purchased at school. Preference shaped joint choices within the shopping mall environment.ConclusionsFood sharing practices should be investigated in other settings so as to identify specific behaviours and contexts for targeted and tailored obesity prevention interventions. School-based interventions focusing on price and portion size should be considered. In the Sowetan context, larger portions of healthy food may improve dietary intake of fruit and vegetables where friends are likely to share portions.
Redistribution under the Social Security benefit formula at the individual and household levels, 1992 and 2004
Authors: GUSTMAN ALAN L. , STEINMEIER THOMAS L. , TABATABAI NAHID 
Published: November 2012

AbstractStudies using data from the early 1990s suggested that while the progressive Social Security benefit formula succeeded in redistributing benefits from individuals with high earnings to individuals with low earnings, it was much less successful in redistributing benefits from households with high earnings to households with low earnings. Wives often earned much less than their husbands. As a result, much of the redistribution at the individual level was effectively from high earning husbands to their own lower earning wives. In addition, spouse and survivor benefits accrue disproportionately to women from high income households. Both factors mitigate redistribution at the household level. It has been argued that with the increase in the labor force participation and earnings of women, Social Security now should do a better job of redistributing benefits at the household level. To be sure, when we compare outcomes for a cohort with a household member age 51 to 56 in 1992 with those from a cohort born twelve years later, redistribution at the household level has increased over time. Nevertheless, as of 2004 there still is substantially less redistribution of benefits from high to low earning households than from high to low earning individuals.
Evaluation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) germplasm lines for tolerance to drought
Authors: Fatokun Christian A. , Boukar Ousmane , Muranaka Satoru 
Published: November 2012

Cowpea is an important grain legume crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where, on a worldwide basis, the bulk is produced and consumed. The dry savanna area of SSA is where cowpea is mostly grown under rain-fed conditions. The crop is therefore prone to drought which may occur early, mid and/or late in the cropping season. Compared with many other crops, cowpea is drought tolerant, even though drought is still a major constraint limiting its productivity in SSA. Increasing the level of drought tolerance in existing cowpea varieties grown by farmers would enable them to obtain more and stable yield from their cowpea fields. As a first step towards enhancing drought tolerance in existing cowpea varieties, 1288 lines were selected randomly from cowpea germplasm collections maintained at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, and evaluated for their drought tolerance at Ibadan. Drought was imposed by withdrawal of irrigation from 5 weeks after sowing. On average, drought reduced the number of days to flower by 12 d, and the mean grain yield per plant was also reduced by 67.28%. A few of the cowpea lines stayed green for up to 6 weeks after irrigation was stopped, even though some of these produced no pods when the study was terminated. Further evaluation in the screenhouse of 142 selected drought-tolerant lines helped to identify six lines that could be potential parents for developing breeding lines with enhanced drought tolerance.
Missional Identity of a Parish Church: A Case Study from the Church of England
Authors: Spencer Stephen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis essay draws on the typological framework of Stephen B. Bevans and Roger P. Schroeder in Constants in Context: A Theology of Mission for Today (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2004), to analyse a case study church drawn from the Church of England. It investigates key elements of the theology and life of the church, in particular its implicit eschatology and understanding of salvation, and its approach to evangelism, to identify and establish which of Bevans and Schroeder's models it most closely expresses. This correlation is then used to draw out certain practical implications for the life of the church, most notably how it can more consistently and therefore with more integrity live out its inherent approach to mission. This shows the general practical usefulness of this methodology for other churches in different settings.
Intraseasonal atmospheric forcing effects on the mean state of ocean surface chlorophyll
Authors: Jin Daeho , Murtugudde Raghu G. , Waliser Duane E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRectification of surface chlorophyll (Chl) concentration by the atmospheric intraseasonal variability is detected in a numerical biophysical ocean model when it is forced by composite Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) events. In addition to the shoaled mixed layer depth (MLD) previously reported, it is found that increased mean Chl by MJO forcing mostly co‐occurs with shoaled isothermal depth (ITD) / nutrient isopleths and reduced barrier layer thickness (BLT). Case studies reveal that MJO forcing increases MLD and ITD variations, which enhances vertical mixing and brings nutrients to the surface layer thereby increasing Chl concentration. The shoaled MLD and ITD in the seasonal / annual mean are due to asymmetric responses to MJO wind forcing; i.e., shoaling by weaker wind is more sensitive than deepening by stronger wind. Reduced mean BLT is because ITD shoaling is larger than MLD shoaling. As an exception, it is detected that both the mean Chl and BLT are increased by MJO forcing in the southern Bay of Bengal. Here, the ITD is climatologically deep in the active MJO season (boreal summer), and different phase between the MLD and ITD variations results in temporarily large BLT. However, this barrier layer does not effectively isolate the surface layer from the nutrient‐rich deeper ocean. Lastly, observations support our findings in limited regions and seasons, though further investigation is necessary to confirm the effect of atmospheric intraseasonal variability on the mean surface Chl.
Preparation and characterization of Ni‐Cr nanocomposite coatings containing TiO2 nanoparticles for corrosion protection
Authors: Bahrami Mousavi Atefeh , Baghery Pouria , Peikari Mahmoud , Rashed Gholam‐Reza 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of TiO2 nanoparticle content on the corrosion behavior of Ni‐Cr/TiO2 nanocomposite coatings applied by pulse‐reverse electroplating.Design/methodology/approachNi‐Cr/TiO2 nanocomposite coatings with various contents of TiO2 nanoparticles were electrodeposited by pulse‐reverse method from a bath containing TiO2 nanoparticles to be codeposited and citric acid as the complexing agent. The surface morphology and the composition of coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped by energy dispersive X‐ray system (EDS). The corrosion performance of coatings in the 0.5 M NaCl as a corrosive solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods.FindingsIt was found that the surface of Ni‐Cr/TiO2 nanocomposite coatings showed a finer structure that was more uniform and compact in appearance than was that of Ni‐Cr coatings. The incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles in the alloy coating matrix improved the corrosion performance of the coatings and the higher content of nanoparticles gave better corrosion resistance.Originality/valueApplying the Ni‐Cr coatings by the pulse‐reverse plating method eliminated cracks that were a problem in the Ni‐Cr alloy coating structure. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance was improved by the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles to the alloy matrix. This paper reports the optimum plating conditions that gave the better corrosion performance.
The stress corrosion cracking behavior of X120 pipeline steel in a simulated acidic soil solution
Authors: Liu Jing , Cheng JiHao , Hu Qian , Huang Feng , Xu JinQiao , Guo Bin 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to clarify the influence of the cathodic polarized potential on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of X120 steel in a simulated acidic soil solution and the different SCC mechanisms at different cathodic polarized potentials.Design/methodology/approachThe SCC behaviors of X120 pipe steels at various potentials were investigated in a simulated acidic soil solution by slow strain rate tensile tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface analysis techniques.FindingsThe fracture surface of X120 steel stretched in air showed a ductile fracture. Both elongation and tensile strength of X120 steel in the simulated acidic soil solution decreased compared to that obtained in air. A slight cathodic polarization increased the elongation and tensile strength of X120 steel; therefore, the SCC susceptibility was lower at −0.65 VSCE than that at OCP, anodic dissolution dominates the corrosion process. However, a strong cathodic polarization induced hydrogen embrittlement, decreasing elongation and tensile strength, therefore, the SCC susceptibility was highest at −1.1 VSCE, and hydrogen embrittlement became the dominant process.Originality/valueThe paper provides an essential insight into the mechanism of pipeline SCC for X120 steel in acidic soil environments.
Environmental concerns in the knowledge industry: literature review
Authors: Zehra Rizvi Sabiha , Shafi S.M. , Akhtar Khan Nadim 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe paper aims to explore and identify the recent contributions to the literature available about various environmental issues associated with the Knowledge Industry, from conception until dissemination of knowledge to end‐users from the sources available.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive literature survey was performed in an attempt to identify substantial works published to date concerning environmental issues coupled with the Knowledge Industry. A range of online scholarly databases, search engines and websites of recognized international as well as national organizations and publishers was searched, to spot out the substantial works carried out in the area. Varied search terms such as “environmental issues of paper industry”, “paper consumption for books”, “books and carbon footprint” “environmental issues in pulp and paper industry”, “computers and carbon footprint”, “publishing industry and environment”, “internet and environmental issues” and “green computing”, etc. were used for retrieving the literature.FindingsThe literature review connotes that hardly any systematic study or scholarly output which can facilitate the precise and accurate facts about environmental issues coupled with the Knowledge Industry is available, although the size of the industry and its effect on the environment is quite large.Practical implicationsIt is evident from the scrutiny of literature existing that there are still areas for advanced exploration on the topic of environmental concerns of the Knowledge industry; and study paves the way for the concerned organizations and institutions (such as Libraries and Publishers), at global level, to take substantial measures to overcome hazardous effects from the industry.Originality/valueThe paper is the first ordered and thorough attempt to review the literature and provide a summary of adverse effects of the Knowledge Industry on the environment.
Are social and entrepreneurial attitudes compatible?
Authors: Arribas Iván , Hernández Penélope , Urbano Amparo , Vila Jose E. 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to analyze the compatibility between entrepreneurial and social attitudes. Specifically, it seeks to analyze whether subjects with a more developed economic entrepreneurial attitude exhibit a less social attitude.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology integrates an economic experimental approach with a standard entrepreneurial intention questionnaire to analyze the interaction between entrepreneurial and social self‐perceptions and behavior.FindingsThere is empirical evidence that experimental entrepreneurial behavior (characterized by detecting an opportunity and accepting risk to take an economic advantage from it in laboratory experiments) reduces the incentive for social behavior. However, this effect does not appear if just self‐perceptions instead of experimental behaviors are considered.Research limitations/implicationsThe social attitude of entrepreneurs may be overestimated in those empirical research studies based only on data obtained from entrepreneurs' answers to hypothetical questions in a survey.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper presenting a laboratory experiment to represent the key features of entrepreneurial behavior instead of a case‐control analysis to set differences in the experimental behavior of sub‐samples of subjects defined in terms of their entrepreneurial motivation or experience.
Private labels and national brands across online and offline channels
Authors: Arce‐Urriza Marta , Cebollada Javier 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe aim is to present a novel, empirical analysis of the competitive battle between retailer‐owned private labels (also known as store brands) and national brands (manufacturer‐owned) in the online retail market.Design/methodology/approachThe authors investigate competition between private labels (PL) and national brands (NB) across online and offline retail channels using data supplied by a multichannel supermarket chain describing a full year's purchase records for 2,742 households in 36 product categories. They analyse competition between these two types of brands by estimating the following competition indicators: market share, loyalty and conquesting power (a measure of the ability of a brand to attract new customers).FindingsThe results indicate that, whereas both PL and NB increase their loyalty online (versus offline), only the PL increases market share and conquesting power online. Several specific category‐level effects are also found.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis is restricted to a specific retailer and to grocery products.Practical implicationsGiven the general improvement found for the PL in the online retail channel, together with the growing importance of online retailing, manufacturers should expect increasing retailer bargaining power. Since this improvement is not equal across categories, however, some manufacturers will have harder times than others.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical paper to examine competition between PL and NB in the online channel. The database used is also highly unique in the sense that it is very unusual to obtain real purchase data for the same set of purchasers in both the offline and online retail channels.
Human capital disclosure and organizational performance
Authors: Lin Long‐Sheng , Huang Ing‐Chung , Du Pey‐Lan , Lin Tsai‐Fei 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis study aims to demonstrate the positive effect of human capital disclosure on firm performance, and to specify the boundary conditions of the relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe study applies the signaling and stakeholder perspectives and uses a one‐year lag design to avoid reverse causality in exploring the human capital disclosure and performance link. Content analysis of annual reports and hierarchical regression are applied.FindingsHuman capital disclosure positively impacts on organizational performance such as market‐to‐book ratio and ROA. Organizational size negatively moderates the relationship between disclosure of human capital information and firm performance. Knowledge intensity has curvilinear positive moderation effect between the relationship above.Practical implicationsHuman capital disclosure can help communicate to various stakeholders. Organizational performance can thus be enhanced through the communication process. Disclosure in the context of higher knowledge intensity is more beneficial.Originality/valueThe paper theoretically and empirically links up human capital disclosure and organizational performance. It also identifies both the diminishing return and increasing return moderation effects by organizational size and knowledge intensity between the human capital disclosure and performance link.
Knowledge boundary spanning process: synthesizing four spanning mechanisms
Authors: Hawkins Matthew A. , Rezazade M. Mohammad H. 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis paper seeks to advance the study of knowledge boundary spanning by approaching spanning as a process that involves four spanning mechanisms.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on the insights from practice‐based view of knowledge and knowledge management literature more generally, the authors formalize and articulate two spanning mechanisms (boundary practice and boundary discourse), in addition to two other previously established spanning mechanisms (boundary object and boundary spanner).FindingsThe paper formalizes two further spanning mechanisms and suggests an integrative framework for examining the mutual and compounding effect between the four spanning mechanisms. Building on the suggested framework, the process of spanning is analysed as a time‐based combination of various mechanisms which evolve over time. The framework opens new windows to look at the projective and emergent mode of spanning mechanisms as a duality, rather than a dualism.Research limitations/implicationsResearchers are freed to explore the deployment order of the spanning mechanisms and the conflicting or synergistic effects. Practitioners would benefit from tracing successful spanning processes for replicating in similar contexts to advance collaboration efforts.Originality/valueBoundary practice and boundary discourse are introduced as well as synthesizing the mechanisms into a coherent framework. Viewing boundary spanning as a process that includes dynamic combination of four spanning mechanisms is a particularly novel insight that can stimulate future research avenues.