bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy and clinical significance of the uncinate process and uncovertebral joint: A comprehensive review
Authors: Hartman Jeffrey 
Published: January 2014

Introduction: The uncinate process and its associated uncovertebral articulation are features unique to the cervical spine. This review examines the morphology of these unique structures with particular emphasis on the regional anatomy, development and clinical significance.Materials and Methods: Five electronic databases were utilized in the literature search and additional relevant citations were retrieved from the references. A total of 74 citations were included for review.Results: This literature review found that the uncinate processes and uncovertebral articulations are rudimentary at birth and develop and evolve with age. With degeneration they become clinically apparent with compression of related structures; most importantly affecting the spinal nerve root and vertebral artery. The articulations have also been found to precipitate torticollis when edematous and be acutely damaged in severe head and neck injuries. The uncinate processes are also important in providing stability and guiding the motion of the cervical spine.Conclusion: This review is intended to re‐examine an often overlooked region of the cervical spine as not only an interesting anatomical feature but also a clinically relevant one. Clin. Anat. 27:431–440, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cascade of Liquid‐Phase Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation and Etherification of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to Potential Biodiesel Components over Lewis Acid Zeolites
Authors: Jae Jungho , Mahmoud Eyas , Lobo Raul F. , Vlachos Dionisios G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe report a one‐step process for the production of diesel fuel from biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The reaction proceeds through the sequential transfer hydrogenation and etherification of HMF to 2,5‐bis(alkoxymethyl)furan, a potential biodiesel additive, catalyzed by a Lewis acid zeolite, such as Sn‐Beta or Zr‐Beta. An alcohol is used as a hydrogen donor and as a reactant in etherification. This cascade reaction can selectively produce high yields of the biodiesel additive (>80 % yield) from HMF with the Sn‐Beta catalyst and secondary alcohols, such as 2‐propanol and 2‐butanol.
Insights into the Tautomerism in meso‐Substituted Corroles: A Variable‐Temperature 1H, 13C, 15N, and 19F NMR Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Szymański Sławomir , Paluch Piotr , Gryko Daniel T. , Nowak‐Król Agnieszka , Bocian Wojciech , Sitkowski Jerzy , Koszarna Beata , Śniechowska Justyna , Potrzebowski Marek J. , Kozerski Lech 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole and its 15N‐enriched isotopomer were studied in [D8]toluene solution by 1D and 2D variable‐temperature NMR techniques to establish the mechanisms of tautomerization of the NH protons inside the interior of the corrole macrocycle. Three such rate processes could be identified of which two modulate the spectral line shapes at temperatures above 205 K and the third is NMR‐inaccessible as it is very fast. The latter involves the proton engaged in an unsymmetrical proton sponge unit formed by two pyrrole nitrogen atoms. Temperature and concentration dependences of the two remaining processes were determined. One of them is purely intramolecular and the other is intermolecular at low temperatures, with growing contribution of an intramolecular mechanism at elevated temperatures. The proposed microscopic mechanisms of all these processes are semi‐quantitatively confirmed by quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory.
Reducing the complexity of distance measurement methods for circular turbo codes that use structured interleavers
Authors: Ould‐Cheikh‐Mouhamedou Youssouf 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe knowledge of turbo code's minimum Hamming distance (dmin) and its corresponding codeword multiplicity (Amin) is of a great importance because the error correction capability of a code is strongly tied to the values of dmin and Amin. Unfortunately, the computational complexity associated with the search for dmin and Amin can be very high, especially for a turbo code that has high dmin value. This paper introduces some useful properties of turbo codes that use structured interleavers together with circular encoding. These properties allow for a significant reduction of search space and thus reduce significantly the computational complexity associated with the determination of dmin and Amin values. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal of Communication Systems published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly reliable wavelength‐reuse wavelength‐division multiplexing semipassive optical access network architecture with double cover area and high network capacity
Authors: Gong Yan , Gan Chaoqin , Wu Chenwei 
Published: January 2014

SummaryWe propose a wavelength‐reuse wavelength‐division multiplexing semipassive optical access network architecture with ring topology. Two access rings are controlled by one central office. The system capacity, as well as the network cover area, can be doubled with this proposal. When fiber failure occurs, the corresponding switches in remote nodes change to protection state to restore the network communication. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of peripheral neuropathy with circulating advanced glycation end products, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and other risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Aubert C.E. , Michel P.‐L. , Gillery P. , Jaisson S. , Fonfrede M. , Morel F. , Hartemann A. , Bourron O. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy remains uncertain and nonenzymatic glycoxidation is one of the contributing mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess the respective relationship of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with glycoxidation, compared with other identified risk factors, in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe included 198 patients with type 2 diabetes and high risk for vascular complications. Circulating concentrations of three advanced glycation end products (carboxymethyllysine, methyl‐glyoxal‐hydroimidazolone‐1, pentosidine) and of their soluble receptor (sRAGE) were measured. Peripheral neuropathy was assessed by the neuropathy disability score and by the monofilament test and defined as either an abnormal monofilament test and/or a neuropathy disability score ≥6. Multivariate regression analyses were performed adjusting for potential confounding factors for neuropathy: age, gender, diabetes duration, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, height, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, glycated haemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate and lipid profile.ResultsPrevalence of peripheral neuropathy was 20.7%. sRAGE and carboxymethyllysine were independently and positively associated with the presence of peripheral neuropathy. No significant association was found between peripheral neuropathy and methyl‐glyoxal‐hydroimidazolone‐1 or pentosidine. Waist circumference, height and peripheral arterial occlusive disease were independently associated with peripheral neuropathy.ConclusionsCarboxymethyllysine and sRAGE were independently associated with peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Although the conclusions are limited by the absence of a healthy control population, this study confirms the relationship between advanced glycoxidation and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, independently of other risk factors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation and purification of plastochromanol‐8 for HPLC quantitative determinations
Authors: Siger Aleksander , Kachlicki Piotr , Czubiński Jarosław , Polcyn Dominika , Dwiecki Krzysztof , Nogala‐Kalucka Małgorzata 
Published: January 2014

The study describes isolation and semi‐preparative HPLC scale purification of plastochromanol‐8 (PC‐8). The PC‐8 standard was obtained from flaxseed oil. The purity of the obtained PC‐8 standard was 93.06% determined by UV–Vis detection. The HPLC/MSn fragmentation pattern of PC‐8 side chain resulted in the successive release of eight isoprene fragments which confirmed the correct structure identification. The established PC‐8 molar absorption coefficient (3616.5 M−1cm−1) will allow the precise quantitative analysis of this compound in real samples without the use of a standard. Usefulness of the obtained PC‐8 standard was verified by HPLC determination of PC‐8, tocopherols, and tocotrienols at the same time. The PC‐8 recovery was 107.08%, and limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.75 and 2.27 µg/mL, respectively.Practical applications: There are no commercially available standards of plastochromanol‐8 (PC‐8), and therefore effective ways of isolation of this compound are needed. A semi‐preparative HPLC is one of the available options allowing obtaining pure PC‐8.
Preformulation and development of chemically stable lipid emulsions containing a novel taxane derivative, TM‐2
Authors: Shi Jianli , Chen Xi , Gu Yuechen , Hu Xi , Zhang Ling , Li Yan , Cai Cuifang , Tang Xing 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTM‐2 is a novel taxane derivative. The present paper describes an investigation of the physicochemical properties and degradation kinetics of TM‐2 to determine the use of lipid emulsions as suitable drug carriers, and also to develop and evaluate a highly stable and sterile optimal formulation of a TM‐2 lipid emulsion (TLE). The properties of TM‐2, such as its solubility in water and oils, partition coefficient, stability in aqueous solutions and oils, indicated that TM‐2 was an excellent candidate for o/w emulsions. A preformulation study indicated that degradation of TM‐2 took place mostly in water compared with that in oils. Moreover, the influence of pH, temperature, and ionic strength on the stability of TM‐2 in water solutions was assessed. An emulsion formulation of TM‐2 which was stable enough to undergo sterilization was successfully developed. Using the Arrhenius equation, the shelf‐life of TM‐2 in lipid emulsion was estimated to be 2665.5 days at 4°C, which was much longer than that of 113.0 days in aqueous solution. Thus, TLE was clearly superior to the TM‐2 aqueous solution in terms of stability. Short‐term stability investigations showed that the TLE was stable for a period of 3 months at 4 and 25°C.Practical applications: The application of taxanes in anti‐cancer field is limited by de novo refractoriness or acquired resistance, which are common drawbacks to most anti‐cancer cytotoxic agents. TM‐2 is a novel semi‐synthetic taxane derivative, which can overcome multidrug resistance. Some non‐ionic surfactants, such as Cremophor EL and Tween 80 (polysorbate 80), usually used in the commercial formulations of the taxanes to improve their poor water‐solubility, have exhibited serious adverse effects including hypersensitivity reactions and peripheral neuropathy in human. In this study, preformulation study showed that TM‐2 exhibited excellent solubility in oils and, thus, the problems associated with the poor solubility of TM‐2 were overcome by loading TM‐2 into the interior oil phase of o/w lipid emulsions. According to the degradation kinetics results, the shelf lives (T0.9) of TM‐2 lipid emulsions at 25 and 4°C were dramatically prolonged.
Joint dynamic switching point configuration and resource allocation in TDD‐OFDMA networks: optimal formulation and suboptimal solution
Authors: El‐Hajj Ahmad M. , Dawy Zaher 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWith the large increase in data services with asymmetric traffic loads, the time division duplexing (TDD) mode of operation of the next generation cellular wireless standards has gained an increasing interest from both cellular network operators and the research community. However, the introduction of TDD has raised several critical design requirements. Among others, the introduced flexibility in splitting resources between the uplink and downlink directions makes of the uplink/downlink switching point configuration a major design problem, especially that it is directly connected to other design aspects such as resource allocation and interference mitigation. In this paper, we formulate joint switching point configuration and resource allocation in TDD systems as an optimization problem with the objective of minimising the total interference under traffic load and other network constraints. The problem is then reformulated by linearizing some of the nonlinear terms. Because of the persistent difficulty of the problem, we propose a three‐stage suboptimal algorithm. The algorithm clusters the cells in a given network into different groups depending on the susceptibility of cells to interfere on each other with emphasis on base station‐base station and mobile station‐mobile station interference. Switching point configuration using standardised long term evolution (LTE) frame structures and multicell resource allocation utilising uplink and downlink interference indicators are subsequently performed independently. Simulation results show the merits of the proposed approach compared with traditional techniques by offering attractive trade‐offs between interference mitigation and traffic adaptation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurodevelopmental alterations of large‐scale structural networks in children with new‐onset epilepsy
Authors: Bonilha Leonardo , Tabesh Ali , Dabbs Kevin , Hsu David A. , Stafstrom Carl E. , Hermann Bruce P. , Lin Jack J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecent neuroimaging and behavioral studies have revealed that children with new onset epilepsy already exhibit brain structural abnormalities and cognitive impairment. How the organization of large‐scale brain structural networks is altered near the time of seizure onset and whether network changes are related to cognitive performances remain unclear. Recent studies also suggest that regional brain volume covariance reflects synchronized brain developmental changes. Here, we test the hypothesis that epilepsy during early‐life is associated with abnormalities in brain network organization and cognition. We used graph theory to study structural brain networks based on regional volume covariance in 39 children with new‐onset seizures and 28 healthy controls. Children with new‐onset epilepsy showed a suboptimal topological structural organization with enhanced network segregation and reduced global integration compared with controls. At the regional level, structural reorganization was evident with redistributed nodes from the posterior to more anterior head regions. The epileptic brain network was more vulnerable to targeted but not random attacks. Finally, a subgroup of children with epilepsy, namely those with lower IQ and poorer executive function, had a reduced balance between network segregation and integration. Taken together, the findings suggest that the neurodevelopmental impact of new onset childhood epilepsies alters large‐scale brain networks, resulting in greater vulnerability to network failure and cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3661–3672, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concurrent stable and unstable cortical correlates of human wrist movements
Authors: Witte Matthias , Galán Ferran , Waldert Stephan , Braun Christoph , Mehring Carsten 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCortical activity has been shown to correlate with different parameters of movement. However, the dynamic properties of cortico‐motor mappings still remain unexplored in humans. Here, we show that during the repetition of simple stereotyped wrist movements both stable and unstable correlates simultaneously emerge in human sensorimotor cortex. Using visual feedback of wrist movement target inferred online from MEG, we assessed the dynamics of the tuning properties of two neuronal signals: the MEG signal below 1.6 Hz and within the 4 to 6 Hz range. We found that both components are modulated by wrist movement allowing for closed‐loop inference of movement targets. Interestingly, while tuning of 4 to 6 Hz signals remained stable over time leading to stable inference of movement target using a static classifier, the tuning of cortical signals below 1.6 Hz significantly changed resulting in steadily decreasing inference accuracy. Our findings demonstrate that non‐invasive neuronal population signals in human sensorimotor cortex can reflect a stable correlate of voluntary movements. Hence, we provide first evidence for a stable control signal in non‐invasive human brain‐machine interface research. However, as not all neuronal signals initially tuned to movement were stable across days, a careful selection of features for real‐life applications seems to be mandatory. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3867–3879, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishing the resting state default mode network derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks as an endophenotype: A twins study
Authors: Korgaonkar Mayuresh S. , Ram Kaushik , Williams Leanne M. , Gatt Justine M. , Grieve Stuart M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe resting state default mode network (DMN) has been shown to characterize a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests an underlying genetic basis for this network and hence could serve as potential endophenotype for these disorders. Heritability is a defining criterion for endophenotypes. The DMN is measured either using a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan or by extracting resting state activity from task‐based fMRI. The current study is the first to evaluate heritability of this task‐derived resting activity. 250 healthy adult twins (79 monozygotic and 46 dizygotic same sex twin pairs) completed five cognitive and emotion processing fMRI tasks. Resting state DMN functional connectivity was derived from these five fMRI tasks. We validated this approach by comparing connectivity estimates from task‐derived resting activity for all five fMRI tasks, with those obtained using a dedicated task‐free resting state scan in an independent cohort of 27 healthy individuals. Structural equation modeling using the classic twin design was used to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to variance for the resting‐state DMN functional connectivity. About 9–41% of the variance in functional connectivity between the DMN nodes was attributed to genetic contribution with the greatest heritability found for functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate and right inferior parietal nodes (P < 0.001). Our data provide new evidence that functional connectivity measures from the intrinsic DMN derived from task‐based fMRI datasets are under genetic control and have the potential to serve as endophenotypes for genetically predisposed psychiatric and neurological disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3893–3902, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic influence of apolipoprotein E4 genotype on hippocampal morphometry: An N = 725 surface‐based Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative study
Authors: Shi Jie , Leporé Natasha , Gutman Boris A. , Thompson Paul M. , Baxter Leslie C. , Caselli Richard J. , Wang Yalin ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele is the most prevalent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hippocampal volumes are generally smaller in AD patients carrying the e4 allele compared to e4 noncarriers. Here we examined the effect of APOE e4 on hippocampal morphometry in a large imaging database—the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We automatically segmented and constructed hippocampal surfaces from the baseline MR images of 725 subjects with known APOE genotype information including 167 with AD, 354 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 204 normal controls. High‐order correspondences between hippocampal surfaces were enforced across subjects with a novel inverse consistent surface fluid registration method. Multivariate statistics consisting of multivariate tensor‐based morphometry (mTBM) and radial distance were computed for surface deformation analysis. Using Hotelling's T2 test, we found significant morphological deformation in APOE e4 carriers relative to noncarriers in the entire cohort as well as in the nondemented (pooled MCI and control) subjects, affecting the left hippocampus more than the right, and this effect was more pronounced in e4 homozygotes than heterozygotes. Our findings are consistent with previous studies that showed e4 carriers exhibit accelerated hippocampal atrophy; we extend these findings to a novel measure of hippocampal morphometry. Hippocampal morphometry has significant potential as an imaging biomarker of early stage AD. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3903–3918, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A functional MRI study of the relationship between naming treatment outcomes and resting state functional connectivity in post‐stroke aphasia
Authors: van Hees Sophia , McMahon Katie , Angwin Anthony , de Zubicaray Greig , Read Stephen , Copland David A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of studies investigating the neural mechanisms underlying treatment in people with aphasia have examined task‐based brain activity. However, the use of resting‐state fMRI may provide another method of examining the brain mechanisms responsible for treatment‐induced recovery, and allows for investigation into connectivity within complex functional networksMethodsEight people with aphasia underwent 12 treatment sessions that aimed to improve object naming. Half the sessions employed a phonologically‐based task, and half the sessions employed a semantic‐based task, with resting‐state fMRI conducted pre‐ and post‐treatment. Brain regions in which the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) correlated with treatment outcomes were used as seeds for functional connectivity (FC) analysis. FC maps were compared from pre‐ to post‐treatment, as well as with a group of 12 healthy older controlsResultsPre‐treatment ALFF in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) correlated with greater outcomes for the phonological treatment, with a shift to the left MTG and supramarginal gyrus, as well as the right inferior frontal gyrus, post‐treatment. When compared to controls, participants with aphasia showed both normalization and up‐regulation of connectivity within language networks post‐treatment, predominantly in the left hemisphereConclusionsThe results provide preliminary evidence that treatments for naming impairments affect the FC of language networks, and may aid in understanding the neural mechanisms underlying the rehabilitation of language post‐stroke. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3919–3931, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.