bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving oral implant osseointegration in a murine model via Wnt signal amplification
Authors: Mouraret Sylvain , Hunter Daniel J. , Bardet Claire , Popelut Antoine , Brunski John B. , Chaussain Catherine , Bouchard Philippe , Helms Jill A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo determine the key biological events occurring during implant failure and then we use this knowledge to develop new biology‐based strategies that improve osseointegration.Materials and MethodsWild‐type and Axin2LacZ/LacZ adult male mice underwent oral implant placement, with and without primary stability. Peri‐implant tissues were evaluated using histology, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and TUNEL staining. In addition, mineralization sites, collagenous matrix organization and the expression of bone markers in the peri‐implant tissues were assessed.ResultsMaxillary implants lacking primary stability show histological evidence of persistent fibrous encapsulation and mobility, which recapitulates the clinical problems of implant failure. Despite histological and molecular evidence of fibrous encapsulation, osteoblasts in the gap interface exhibit robust ALP activity. This mineralization activity is counteracted by osteoclast activity that resorbs any new bony matrix and consequently, the fibrous encapsulation remains. Using a genetic mouse model, we show that implants lacking primary stability undergo osseointegration, provided that Wnt signalling is amplified.ConclusionsIn a mouse model of oral implant failure caused by a lack of primary stability, we find evidence of active mineralization. This mineralization, however, is outpaced by robust bone resorption, which culminates in persistent fibrous encapsulation of the implant. Fibrous encapsulation can be prevented and osseointegration assured if Wnt signalling is elevated at the time of implant placement.
Identical genetic influences underpin behavior problems in adolescence and basic traits of personality
Authors: Lewis Gary J. , Haworth Claire M. A. , Plomin Robert 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundUnderstanding the etiology of adolescent problem behavior has been of enduring interest. Only relatively recently, however, has this issue been examined within a normal personality trait framework. Research suggests that problem behaviors in adolescence and beyond may be adequately explained by the taxonomy provided by the basic dimensions of normal personality: Such problem behaviors are suggested to be extreme points on a distribution of the full range of the underlying traits. We extend work in this field examining the extent to which genetic factors underlying the five‐factor model of personality are common with genetic influences on adolescent behavior problems (namely, anxiety, peer problems, conduct, hyperactivity, and low prosociality).MethodA nationally representative twin sample (Twins Early Development Study) from the general population of England and Wales, including 2031 pairs of twins aged 16 years old, was used to decompose variation into genetic and environmental components. Behavioral problems in adolescence were assessed by self‐report with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.ResultsAdolescent behavior problems were moderately associated with normal personality: Specifically, a fifth to a third of phenotypic variance in problem behaviors was accounted for by five‐factor model personality traits. Of central importance here, genetic influences underpinning personality were entirely overlapping with those genetic factors underlying adolescent behavior problems.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that adolescent behavior problems can be understood, at least in part, within a model of normal personality trait variation, with the genetic bases of these behavior problems the same as those genetic influences underpinning normal personality.
Comparison of three α‐glucosidase inhibitors for glycemic control and bodyweight reduction in Japanese patients with obese type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sugihara Hitoshi , Nagao Mototsugu , Harada Taro , Nakajima Yasushi , Tanimura‐Inagaki Kyoko , Okajima Fumitaka , Tamura Hideki , Inazawa Takeshi , Otonari Takatoshi , Kawakami Masanobu , Oikawa Shinichi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAims/Introductionα‐Glucosidase inhibitors (αGIs) are widely used for the primary treatment of type 2 diabetes. We compared the clinical effects of three αGIs (miglitol, acarbose and voglibose) in patients with obese type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsJapanese patients (n = 81) with obese type 2 diabetes (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2) were enrolled in this multicenter, open‐label study. The participants were randomized into the miglitol (n = 18), acarbose (n = 22), voglibose (n = 19) or control (n = 22) groups. Glycemic control (fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]), bodyweight, BMI, serum insulin, serum lipids (low‐density lipoprotein and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triacylglycerols) and adipocytokines (leptin and adiponectin) were evaluated every 4 weeks for 12 weeks.ResultsIn the miglitol group, HbA1c was improved significantly from the baseline at all points. The changes in HbA1c at 8 and 12 weeks from baseline were greater in the miglitol group than the control group. The voglibose group showed significant improvements in HbA1c at 12 weeks. Bodyweight and BMI were decreased significantly in the miglitol group. In addition, significant correlations were observed between the decrements in HbA1c and bodyweights over 12 weeks in the miglitol (r = 0.759, P < 0.001) and voglibose groups (r = 0.667, P = 0.002). Serum lipid and adipocytokine levels were not altered in any groups.ConclusionsαGIs, especially miglitol, can effectively control blood glucose and bodyweight in obese type 2 diabetes. This study was registered with UMIN (no. UMIN000006465).
Mean platelet volume is associated with aortic arterial stiffness in patients with Behçet's disease without significant cardiovascular involvement
Authors: Balta I. , Balta S. , Koryurek O.M. , Demirkol S. , Celik T. , Akbay G. , Cakar M. , Sarlak H. , Eksioglu M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundBehçet's disease (BD), is a chronic, systemic vasculitis, which may affect all types and sizes of blood vessels. BD is associated with endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is the critical early step in the process of atherogenesis, and it is commonly investigated by measuring arterial stiffness. Mean platelet volume (MPV) has been investigated in relation with both thrombosis and inflammation. We aimed to investigate the relationship between an increased arterial stiffness and MPV in patients with Behçet's disease without significant cardiovascular involvement.MethodsWe studied 36 patients (20 males, mean age: 37.6 ± 11.7 years) who were diagnosed by the international diagnostic criteria of BD and 35 healthy controls (15 males, mean age: 35.0 ± 10.6 years), and the two groups were matched by age and gender. MPV levels and arterial stiffness measurements were compared in these groups.ResultsArterial stiffness was higher in patients with BD compared to control group. (BD and controls; 7.28 m/s, 6.64 m/s; respectively) (p: 0.02). MPV levels were also significantly higher in patients with BD compared to control group. (BD and controls; 8.86 ± 0.81 fl, 8.39 ± 0.96 fl, respectively) (p: 0.02). Additionally, arterial stiffness correlated positively with age, the duration of disease and MPV levels in patients with BD (p: 0.002, 0.03, 0.02 respectively).ConclusionsIn our study, increased MPV is associated with arterial stiffness in patients with BD without significant cardiovascular involvement. It shows that there is a relationship between thrombosis and chronic inflammation in BD. Furthermore, MPV is also a moderate predictor of cardiovascular disease and represents an increase in platelet activation. These findings provide further evidence of a link between inflammation and thrombosis in patients with BD.
The utilization of drug–polymer interactions for improving the chemical stability of hot-melt extruded solid dispersions
Authors: Guo Zhefei , Lu Ming , Li Yongcheng , Pang Huishi , Lin Ling , Liu Xu , Wu Chuanbin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Objective
Interactions between drugs and polymers were utilized to lower the processing temperature of hot-melt extrusion (HME), and thus minimize the thermal degradation of heat-sensitive drugs during preparation of amorphous solid dispersions.

Methods
Diflunisal (DIF), which would degrade upon melting, was selected as a model drug. Hydrogen bonds between DIF and polymeric carriers (PVP K30, PVP VA64, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and Soluplus) were revealed by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The hot-melt extruded solid dispersion was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Key findings
The results of hot-stage polar microscopy indicated that DIF was dissolved in molten polymers at 160°C, much lower than the melting point of DIF (215°C). At this temperature, amorphous solid dispersions were successfully produced by HME, as confirmed by XRD and SEM. The related impurities in amorphous solid dispersions detected by HPLC were lower than 0.3%, indicating that thermal degradation was effectively minimized. The dissolution of DIF from amorphous solid dispersions was significantly enhanced as compared with the pure crystalline drug.

Conclusion
This technique based on drug–polymer interactions to prepare chemically stable amorphous solid dispersions by HME provides an attractive opportunity for development of heat-sensitive drugs.
Sexual Life and Sexual Wellness in Individuals with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS)
Authors: Fliegner Maike , Krupp Kerstin , Brunner Franziska , Rall Katharina , Brucker Sara Y. , Briken Peer , Richter-Appelt Hertha 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual wellness depends on a person's physical and psychological constitution. Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) can compromise sexual well-being.

Aims
To compare sexual well-being in CAIS and MRKHS using multiple measures: To assess sexual problems and perceived distress. To gain insight into participants' feelings of inadequacy in social and sexual situations, level of self-esteem and depression. To determine how these psychological factors relate to sexual (dys)function. To uncover what participants see as the source of their sexual problems.

Methods
Data were collected using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Eleven individuals with CAIS and 49 with MRKHS with/without neovagina treatment were included. Rates of sexual dysfunctions, overall sexual function, feelings of inadequacy in social and sexual situations, self-esteem and depression scores were calculated. Categorizations were used to identify critical cases. Correlations between psychological variables and sexual function were computed. Sexually active subjects were compared with sexually not active participants. A qualitative content analysis was carried out to explore causes of sexual problems.

Main Outcome Measures
An extended list of sexual problems based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision, by the American Psychiatric Association and related distress. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), German Questionnaire on Feelings of Inadequacy in Social and Sexual Situations (FUSS social scale, FUSS sexual scale), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) subscale depression. Open question on alleged causes of sexual problems.

Results
The results point to a far-reaching lack of sexual confidence and sexual satisfaction in CAIS. In MRKHS apprehension in sexual situations is a source of distress, but sexual problems seem to be more focused on issues of vaginal functioning. MRKHS women report being satisfied with their sex life.

Conclusion
Different conditions can affect individuals in diagnosis-specific ways despite some shared clinical features. Professionals should adopt an interdisciplinary approach and provide custom-made care in order to promote sexual well-being in patients.
The Roles of Evolution in the Social Sciences: Is Biology Ballistic?
Authors: Franks Bradley 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper discusses some widespread but often not fully articulated views concerning the possible roles of biology and evolution in the social sciences. Such views cluster around a set of intuitions that suggest that evolution's role is “ballistic”: it constitutes a starting point for mind that has been, and is, superseded by the role of culture and social construction. An implication is that evolved and the socially constructed aspects of mind are separable and independent, with the latter being the primary driver of mind. I outline four variants of the ballistic view. I then show how current findings and arguments in evolutionary thinking as related to mind contradict those ballistic views. The contrary view—that evolutionary and social factors are interdependent in the generation of social psychological capacities—is proposed as a consequence. This view is able to respect some insights of theories that make ballistic assumptions, whilst avoiding those assumptions.
Automatic delirium prediction system in a Korean surgical intensive care unit
Authors: Oh Suk‐Hwa , Park Eun‐Ju , Jin Yinji , Piao Jinshi , Lee Sun‐Mi 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn Korea, regular screening for delirium is not considered essential. In addition, delirium is often associated with vague concepts, making it harder to identify high‐risk patients and impeding decision‐making.AimsTo assess the impact of the Automatic PREdiction of DELirium in Intensive Care Units (APREDEL‐ICU) system on nursing‐sensitive and patient outcomes for surgical ICU patients and to evaluate nurse satisfaction with the system and its usability.MethodsA pre‐post research design was adopted. Our study included 724 patients admitted before the implementation of the APREDEL‐ICU (January to December 2010) and 1111 patients admitted after the system was installed (May 2011 to April 2012). The APREDEL‐ICU uses a pop‐up window message to inform the nursing staff of patients at risk for delirium, allowing evidence‐based nursing interventions to be applied to the identified patients. A total of 42 nurses were surveyed to determine the system's usability and their level of satisfaction with it.ResultsAfter the implementation of APREDEL‐ICU, high‐risk patients, determined using a prediction algorithm, showed a slight decrease in the incidence of delirium, but the changes were not significant. However, significant decreases in the number and duration of analgesic/narcotic therapies were observed after the implementation of the system. Nurse self‐evaluation results showed an improvement in all categories of knowledge regarding delirium care.ConclusionThe use of a prediction and alerting system for ICU patients at high risk of delirium showed a potential increase in the quality of delirium care, including early detection and proper intervention.
Overexpression of stress‐inducible OsBURP16, the β subunit of polygalacturonase 1, decreases pectin content and cell adhesion and increases abiotic stress sensitivity in rice
Authors: LIU HUANHUAN , MA YAN , CHEN NA , GUO SIYI , LIU HUILI , GUO XIAOYU , CHONG KANG , XU YUNYUAN 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPolygalacturonase (PG), one of the hydrolases responsible for cell wall pectin degradation, is involved in organ consenescence and biotic stress in plants. PG1 is composed of a catalytic subunit, PG2, and a non‐catalytic PG1β subunit. OsBURP16 belongs to the PG1β‐like subfamily of BURP‐family genes and encodes one putative PG1β subunit precursor in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Transcription of OsBURP16 is induced by cold, salinity and drought stresses, as well as by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Analysis of plant survival rates, relative ion leakage rates, accumulation levels of H2O2 and water loss rates of leaves showed that overexpression of OsBURP16 enhanced sensitivity to cold, salinity and drought stresses compared with controls. Young leaves of Ubi::OsBURP16 transgenic plants showed reduced cell adhesion and increased cuticular transpiration rate. Mechanical strength measurement of Ubi::OsBURP16 plants showed that reduced force was required to break leaves as compared with wild type. Transgenic rice showed enhanced PG activity and reduced pectin content. All these results suggested that overexpression of OsBURP16 caused pectin degradation and affected cell wall integrity as well as transpiration rate, which decreased tolerance to abiotic stresses.
Nonadherence in Dialysis Patients: Prevalence, Measurement, Outcome, and Psychological Determinants
Authors: Clark Sarah , Farrington Ken , Chilcot Joseph 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNonadherence to aspects of the management of End‐Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) is common. Estimates of nonadherence vary with assessment method. Whilst readily available and free from report bias, physiological proxies—frequently used as measures of adherence—are often confounded by clinical factors including residual kidney function and dialysis adequacy. Despite variation in estimates of its prevalence, it is clear that suboptimal adherence to dialysis prescriptions, medication and diet can lead to adverse clinical outcomes. Several factors can help explain nonadherence inESKDincluding mood, self‐efficacy, social support, illness, and treatment perceptions. Psychological interventions have been shown to improveESKDadherence, yet achieving long‐term behavior change remains challenging. Identifying individuals who struggle to adhere to aspects of the dialysis regime, and tailoring theory‐led interventions to improve and support adherence is a clear clinical need requiring further empirical enquiry.
Recruiting High‐risk Activists: Exploring the Roles of Structural and Cultural Factors
Authors: Bruni Nancy Matteuzzi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhat motivates activists to leave the security of their country and the comforts of home to risk their lives on someone else's behalf? This paper summarizes the current literature on how individuals get involved in transnational social movements, including those that require them to put their lives on the line. I begin by outlining structural explanations for participation and specifically discuss how prior contacts and biographical availability draw new recruits into activism. Then, I discuss cultural explanations, which emphasize meaning‐making and collective identities in the recruitment process. Finally, I outline scholarly attempts to bridge structural and cultural explanations as well as offer recommendations for future research.
And Neither Are We Saved: Asian Americans' Elusive Quest for Racial Justice
Authors: Chou Rosalind S. , Choi Susan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDerrick Bell, Civil Rights activist, legal scholar, and a founder of critical race theory, dedicated much of his life and scholarship to the pursuit of racial justice. Twenty‐six years ago, in his work And We Are Not Saved, he recognized that racial progress has been stalled and racial equality would not be a reality in his lifetime. Bell passed away in October 2011, and we are reminded that there is still much work to do. He presented a conundrum that race scholars have said all there is to say about racial problems in the United States; yet, he encouraged scholars to keep moving the work forward. At the time And We Are Not Saved was written, much of the racial scholarship was centered on the Black–White paradigm. In the 26 years since Bell wrote it, there has been a growth of Asian American research. This essay surveys some critical racial analysis of Asian Americans. There have been major contributions to the literature extending racial scholarship beyond the Black–White paradigm. Additionally, intersectional scholarship extends the discussion into other systems of oppression, highlighting how racism can be veiled in different systems. Critical race scholarship is imperative to keep Bell's dream of racial equality alive.
Public Relations: A Discipline in Transformation
Authors: L'Etang Jacquie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article presents an overview of the evolution and emerging architecture of the public relations academic discipline. Key developments and debates are described, highlighting some of the major tensions and debates that have arisen. The scope of discussion proceeds through definitions, a consideration of historical contexts, evolution of public relations research, key approaches, an introduction to the remit of key journals, and finally, consideration as to emerging themes and possible futures. It is suggested that the increasing emphasis on historical, sociological and cultural themes is leading to an increasingly reflexive and diverse field.
The Shareholder Value Principle: The Governance and Control of Corporations in the United States
Authors: Shin Taekjin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn recent decades, maximization of shareholder value has been a dominant business principle in the United States. This article reviews sociological accounts about the emergence, diffusion, and reality of the shareholder value principle. Although mainstream research in law and economics on corporate governance embraces the shareholder value principle and provides theoretical justifications for it, sociologists consider the shareholder value principle to be a product of specific economic, political, and ideological environments. Based on sociological research that reveals normative and political foundations of the shareholder value principle, I argue that the shareholder value principle is far from hegemonic in the contemporary United States. Indeed, faced with shareholder primacy, corporations and top executives have adopted various strategies, such as perfunctory conformity and symbolic acquiescence. The result is a highly volatile and contested system of corporate governance today.
Cross‐laminated Timber Plates Subjected to Concentrated Loading
Authors: Hochreiner G. , Füssl J. , Eberhardsteiner J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTSince wood products for structural elements, especially cross‐laminated timber (CLT), have gained importance in the building sector, the need for appropriate and reliable design codes for such wood products has become essential. For the improvement and development of design concepts, a profound knowledge about the mechanical behaviour of these products is necessary. For this reason, this work focuses on global failure mechanisms and the corresponding evolution of different crack modes in CLT plates, depending on geometric and/or material related properties. Therefore, plate‐bending experiments on three‐ and five‐layered CLT plates were carried out. In addition to standard evaluation methods, each specimen was cut into small cubes to identify the failure modes inside the plates. Regions with dominant shear failure, tensile failure, delamination and mixed failure modes could be captured and connected to geometry and loading situation. Based on this evaluation, well‐known but not yet in detail described effects, such as the ductile structural behaviour of CLT plates, can be explained. Moreover, the evolution of rolling shear failure modes as well as from which point the progressive failure highly affects the plate stiffness is investigated and analysed in detail.