bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjunctive processing of spatial border and locomotion in retrosplenial cortex during spatial navigation
Authors: Sun Hao , Cai Ruolan , Li Rui , Li Mingxuan , Gao Lixia , Li Xinjian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSpatial information and dynamic locomotor behaviours are equally important for achieving locomotor goals during spatial navigation. However, it remains unclear how spatial and locomotor information is integrated during the processing of self‐initiated spatial navigation. Anatomically, the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) has reciprocal connections with brain regions related to spatial processing, including the hippocampus and para‐hippocampus, and also receives inputs from the secondary motor cortex. In addition, RSC is functionally associated with allocentric and egocentric spatial targets and head‐turning. So, RSC may be a critical region for integrating spatial and locomotor information. In this study, we first examined the role of RSC in spatial navigation using the Morris water maze and found that mice with inactivated RSC took a longer time and distance to reach their destination. Then, by imaging neuronal activity in freely behaving mice within two open fields of different sizes, we identified a large proportion of border cells, head‐turning cells and locomotor speed cells in the superficial layer of RSC. Interestingly, some RSC neurons exhibited conjunctive coding for both spatial and locomotor signals. Furthermore, these conjunctive neurons showed higher prediction accuracy compared with simple spatial or locomotor neurons in special navigator scenes using the border, turning and positive‐speed conjunctive cells. Our study reveals that the RSC is an important conjunctive brain region that processes spatial and locomotor information during spatial navigation.
imageKey points
Retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is indispensable during spatial navigation, which was displayed by the longer time and distance of mice to reach their destination after the inactivation of RSC in a water maze.
The superficial layer of RSC has a larger population of spatial‐related border cells, and locomotion‐related head orientation and speed cells; however, it has few place cells in two‐dimensional spatial arenas.
Some RSC neurons exhibited conjunctive coding for both spatial and locomotor signals, and the conjunctive neurons showed higher prediction accuracy compared with simple spatial or locomotor neurons in special navigation scenes.
Our study reveals that the RSC is an important conjunctive brain region that processes both spatial and locomotor information during spatial navigation.
Paraneoplastic production of human chorionic gonadotropin by paratesticular dedifferentiated liposarcoma with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation
Authors: Wadieh David Afriyie , Ormanov Dimitar , Genchev Tsvetlin , Appukutty Sona 
Published: August 2024

A man in his 70s presented with a left inguinoscrotal mass. Testicular tumour markers showed markedly elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The 24.5 cm mass was resected, and histology confirmed a rare diagnosis of paratesticular dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. The patient expired with distant metastasis 11 months after presenting to his general practitioner.HCG-producing soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are commonly reported as high-grade, poorly differentiated and with a poor prognosis. The role of hCG in tumour angiogenesis may influence these features.Paratesticular STS treatment guidelines have been influenced by the management of retroperitoneal STS, which are relatively more common. Studies of genitourinary STS demonstrate that positive surgical margins pose the greatest risk to local recurrence and metastasis-free survival.This case demonstrates the rapid growth of DDLPS-producing hCG, the propensity to metastasise, and poor prognosis, requiring further research into the benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy for DDLPS.
Tear secretion is preserved while the area of meibomian glands is reduced in patients with prosthetic eyes, contributing to the symptoms of dry eye
Authors: Bohman Elin , Berggren Johanna , Neumann Olof , Sheikh Rafi , Malmsjö Malin 
Published: August 2024

Background/aims
It is unclear whether a reduction in tear secretion contributes to the discomfort experienced by those with prosthetic eyes. Tear secretion has hitherto only been measured with the Schirmer test which may be affected by the pooling of tears behind the prosthesis. In this study, direct imaging of the lacrimal gland has been performed to measure tear secretion in anophthalmic sockets. The relation between the area of meibomian glands and dry eye symptoms was also assessed.

Methods
12 patients were included. The amount of tear secretion was measured by direct imaging of the lacrimal gland while the presence of meibomian glands was determined using meibography. The 5-item Dry Eye Questionnaire was used to assess symptoms of dry eye.

Results
No difference was found in tear secretion between the anophthalmic socket and the contralateral eye. The area of meibomian glands was significantly reduced in eyelids on the side of the prosthetic eye, compared with the contralateral eye. Seven patients reported symptoms indicative of dry eye in the anophthalmic socket, compared with only two in the contralateral eye.

Conclusions
The effects of an eye prosthesis on meibomian glands may contribute to the frequently perceived symptoms of dry eye despite unaffected in tear secretion.
Contribution of deaths of despair to the Hispanic mortality advantage in the USA by person, place and time: an ecological analysis of vital registration data
Authors: Trejo Bricia Gonzalez , Hernandez Stephanie M , Lazo Mariana , Bilal Usama 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIn the USA, Hispanics exhibit longer life expectancy (LE) compared to non-Hispanic whites despite facing greater socioeconomic adversity and greater health risk factors, a phenomenon known as the Hispanic paradox. With recent increases in mortality due to ‘deaths of despair’ among non-Hispanic whites and other groups it is important to understand the contribution of deaths of despair to the Hispanic mortality advantage overall and how it varies by age and geography.MethodsUsing national mortality data across three decades (1990–2019) we calculated LE at birth for Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites, overall and by place (established Hispanic destinations before 1990, and new Hispanic destinations by 2000, 2010 and 2020). We used the Arriaga method to decompose the contribution of deaths of despair to the Hispanic mortality advantage by age, time and place.ResultsThe Hispanic mortality advantage has progressively increased over time for both females and males. For females 15–39 years of age, the contribution of deaths of despair to a Hispanic mortality advantage rose from 0.02 years in 1990–1994 to 0.25 years in 2015–2019. For males, the contribution changed from 0.02 years to 0.50 years in the same period. The contribution of deaths of despair to the Hispanic mortality advantage appears smaller in established destinations, potentially plateauing for younger individuals, while presenting a marginal Hispanic disadvantage among older individuals in these areas.ConclusionDespite persistent socioeconomic disadvantages, US Hispanics have continuously held higher LE compared to non-Hispanic whites since 1990. Among other causes, this advantage reflects the sustained increase of deaths of despair in contributing to the Hispanic mortality advantage, but its significance varies across geography with lower contributions in established Hispanic destinations.
EXTOD-Immune: a randomised controlled trial to investigate whether a remotely monitored, home-based exercise intervention can reduce disease activity in people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Quickfall Megan , Cocks Matthew , Long Heather M , Di Rosa Francesca , Andrews Robert , Narendran Parth , Hesketh Katie , Wadley Alex J 
Published: August 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the adaptive immune system targets insulin-producing β-cells of pancreatic islets, leading to dependence on exogenous insulin therapy. Cytotoxic (CD8+) T-cells specific for islet antigens are major players in T1D autoimmunity. Data indicate that regular exercise may preserve β-cell function in people recently diagnosed with T1D, but the role of islet-reactive CD8+T-cells is unclear. In a randomised crossover design, this study will determine the impact of a 12-week exercise programme on the frequency and proliferative state of islet-reactive CD8+T-cells in the peripheral blood of 20 adults diagnosed with T1D within the past 3 years. The exercise intervention will consist of three high-intensity interval training sessions per week (6–10 1 min intervals >80% maximum heart rate, with 1 min rest), the duration of which will incrementally increase from 14 to 22 min. Habitual physical activity and diet will be maintained during control and washout periods. At weeks 0, 12, 24 and 36, a fasting blood sample will be collected to quantify the frequency, phenotype and proliferative activity of islet-reactive CD8+T-cells (primary outcome) and various clinical parameters. Glycaemic control will also be evaluated using 14-day continuous glucose monitoring at the start and end of each study arm. Findings may provide a rationale for conducting large-scale trials to evaluate the implementation of exercise into routine clinical care, particularly for people recently diagnosed with T1D when maintenance of β-cell function is critical to counteract disease progression.Trial registration number:ISRCTN79006041.
Cost-effectiveness of the ‘Stay One Step Ahead’ Home Safety programme for the prevention of injuries among children under 5 years
Authors: Jones Matthew , Orton Elizabeth , Taylor Michael James , Timblin Clare , Clarke Rachel , Watson Michael Craig , Hayes Mike , Patel Tina , Coupland Carol , Kendrick Denise 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundUnintentional injuries are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the under-5s, but undertaking home safety practices can reduce injury risk. Stay One Step Ahead (SOSA) is an evidence-based standardised home safety programme. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of SOSA versus usual care in Nottingham, UK.MethodsCost-effectiveness analysis from a National Health Service and personal social services perspective. SOSA activity data, injury occurrence and associated short-term healthcare costs were collected within a controlled before-and-after study from 2017 to 2020. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per additional home adopting three key safety practices (working smoke alarm, safe poisons storage and fitted stair gate). Secondary outcomes were ICERs per injury avoided and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained.ResultsSOSA costs £30 per child but reduces short-term healthcare expenditure by £42. SOSA increased the number of homes with three key safety practices by 0.02 per child, reduced injuries per child by 0.15 and gained 0.0036 QALYs per child. SOSA was dominant as it was cheaper and more effective than current practice. ICERs were −£590 per additional home deemed safe, −£77 per injury avoided and −£3225 per QALY gained. Focusing on healthcare expenditure alone, SOSA saved £1.39 for every pound spent.ConclusionsSOSA is a cost-saving intervention. Commissioners should consider implementing SOSA.
Impact of early childhood infection on child development and school performance: a population-based study
Authors: He Wen-Qiang , Moore Hannah Catherine , Miller Jessica E , Burgner David P , Swann Olivia , Lain Samantha J , Nassar Natasha 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundChildhood infection might be associated with adverse child development and neurocognitive outcomes, but the results have been inconsistent.MethodsTwo population-based record-linkage cohorts of all singleton children born at term in New South Wales, Australia, from 2001 to 2014, were set up and followed up to 2019 for developmental outcome (N=276 454) and school performance (N=644 291). The primary outcome was developmentally high risk (DHR) at age 4–6 years and numeracy and reading below the national minimum standard at age 7–9 years. Cox regression was used to assess the association of childhood infection ascertained from hospital records with each outcome adjusting for maternal, birth and child characteristics, and sensitivity analyses were conducted assessing E-values and sibling analysis for discordant exposure.ResultsA higher proportion of children with an infection-related hospitalisation were DHR (10.9% vs 8.7%) and had numeracy (3.7% vs 2.7%) and reading results (4.3% vs 3.1%) below the national minimum standard, compared with those without infection-related hospitalisation. In the multivariable analysis, children with infection-related hospitalisation were more likely to be DHR (adjusted HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.15) and have numeracy (adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.26) and reading results (adjusted HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.20) below the national minimum standard. However, these results may be impacted by unmeasured confounding, based on E-values of 1.48–1.74, and minimal association with education outcome was found in the sibling analysis.ConclusionsInfection-related hospitalisation was modestly associated with adverse child development and school performance, but the association may be explained by shared familial factors, particularly in those with most socioeconomic disadvantages.
Emergence of negative mass in general relativity
Authors: Hao Chen-Hao , Huang Long-Xing , Su Xin , Wang Yong-Qiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigate a symmetric traversable wormhole model, integrating Einstein’s gravitational coupling phantom field and a nonlinear electromagnetic field. This work indicates the emergence of negative ADM mass within a specific parameter range, coinciding with distinct alterations in the wormhole’s spacetime properties. Despite violating the Null Energy Condition (NEC) and other energy conditions, the solution exhibits unique characteristics in certain energy-momentum tensor components, potentially accounting for the manifestation of negative mass.
Of Dowries and Daughters: a Law and Literature Approach to the Achsah Story in Joshua and Judges
Authors: Landman Yael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Previous scholarship on Josh 15:16–19 and Judg 1:12–15 has drawn on ancient Near Eastern and Jewish laws pertaining to dowries as an aid for interpreting Achsah’s acquisition of property from her father. This article further elucidates the Achsah narrative by bringing it into conversation with legal documents pertaining to dowries from Mesopotamia that highlight their strategic use for purposes such as economic and social advancement. Drawing on insights from law and literature scholarship that highlight how narrative may offer a perspective on law, this article interrogates the ways that Achsah operates within the framework of legal norms pertaining to daughters, while also challenging them.
Characteristics of People Who Do Not Complete a Public Health Interview: An Assessment of Colorado Enteric Disease Surveillance Data
Authors: Tran Amanda D. , White Alice E. , Jervis Rachel H. , Hewitson Ingrid , Scallan Walter Elaine J. 
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Although enteric disease case interviews are critical for control measures and education, not all case-patients are interviewed. We evaluated systematic differences between people with an enteric disease in Colorado who were and were not interviewed to identify ways to increase response rates and reduce biases in the surveillance data used to guide public health interventions. Methods: We obtained data from the Colorado Electronic Disease Reporting System from March 1, 2017, through December 31, 2019. Among case-patients not interviewed and interviewed, we used univariate analyses to describe sociodemographic characteristics, timing of contact attempts, and effect of additional funding. Results: As compared with case-patients who were interviewed, case-patients who were not interviewed were significantly more likely to be aged 18 to 39 years (35.7% vs 31.7%; P < .001); identify as male, Hispanic, or Black; be experiencing homelessness or hospitalization; reside in rural/frontier areas or an institution; or live in areas with lower levels of education, life expectancy, and income. Time to first contact attempt was longer for case-patients who were not interviewed than for those who were (mean days from specimen collection to first contact attempt, 9.8 vs 6.8; P < .001). Residing in a jurisdiction with additional funding for interviewing was associated with increased interview rates (87.7% vs 68.8%) and timeliness of public health report and first contact attempt (2.3 vs 4.4 days; P < .001). Conclusion: Findings can guide efforts to improve response rates in groups least likely to be interviewed, resulting in reduced biases in surveillance data, better disease mitigation, and increased efficiency in case investigations. Timeliness of case interviews and additional funding to conduct case investigations were factors in increasing response rates.
A holistic approach to different regulations for acoustic improvements in industrial facilities
Authors: Yaman Muammer , Ulukavak Harputlugil Gülsu , Kurtay Cüneyt 
Published: August 2024

With the developing technology and mechanization, the number of industrial facilities has increased. It is important for the worker’s physical and mental health to be in suitable working conditions. This paper analyses the regulations applied in the examination and evaluation of the acoustic environment in industrial facilities. The European Parliament and Council Directive, the United States, Singapore, Canada, Australia, Mexico, Japan, and WHO principles were analysed in detail. Simultaneously, analyses were conducted on the auditory perception of the workers in industrial facilities. As a result of the study, 85, 87, and 90 dBA noise exposure levels were determined for 8 h in different regulations examined. It has been determined that the regulative systems for the auditory perception of the workers in industrial facilities are insufficient. It was found necessary to develop regulation systems for evaluating noise exposure levels and the auditory perception of the workers together. It is important for the occupational health and safety of workers to develop a holistic approach in the update and revision of international regulation and to evaluate the control mechanisms within this scope. The protection of mental and physical health of the workers is presented as the most fundamental requirement. Moreover, it should be ensured that the noise control measures that can be taken (at the source, at the transmission path, and at the receiver) are formed by reducing the noise exposure and increasing the auditory perception of the workers in a positive view.
Serum Bilirubin Levels and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism among Influenza Patients: A Cohort Study
Authors: Sutton S. Scott , Magagnoli Joseph , Cummings Tammy , Hardin James W. 
Published: August 2024

Objective This study aimed to investigate the associations between total serum bilirubin levels and the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among patients with influenza infection. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among outpatients with laboratory-confirmed influenza using data from the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI). Propensity score weighting was applied to balance study groups across baseline covariates. Cox proportional hazards models assessed VTE risk by total bilirubin levels, adjusting for important covariates including age, sex, race, comorbidity index, BMI, and smoking status. Results A total of 487 patients with total bilirubin levels <0.3 mg/dL, 8608 patients with levels between 0.3–1 mg/dL, and 1148 patients with levels >1 mg/dL were included. Patients with bilirubin <0.3 mg/dL exhibited a 6-fold higher risk of VTE compared to those with levels 0.3–1 mg/dL within 30 days of infection (HR = 6.2, 95% CI = 1.46–26.42). Elevated risks were noted through 90 days post infection (HR = 4.71, 95% CI = (1.42–15.67)) Conclusions Serum bilirubin levels, particularly below 0.3 mg/dL, were significantly associated with an increased risk of VTE among individuals with influenza. These findings suggest that lower bilirubin levels may contribute to heightened inflammatory responses and subsequent thromboembolic events in patients with influenza. The underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications for VTE prevention among patients with acute respiratory infection warrants further consideration.
Carry-Over Effect of Deep Cerebellar Stimulation-Mediated Motor Recovery in a Rodent Model of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Chan Hugh H. , Fisher Brittany M. , Oimoen Margaret A. , Chintada Latavya , Khanna Hemen , Sonneborn Claire A. , Hogue Olivia , Machado André G. , Baker Kenneth B. 
Published: August 2024

Background We previously demonstrated that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of lateral cerebellar nucleus (LCN) can enhance motor recovery and functional reorganization of perilesional cortex in rodent models of stroke or TBI. Objective Considering the treatment-related neuroplasticity observed at the perilesional cortex, we hypothesize that chronic LCN DBS-enhanced motor recovery observed will carry-over even after DBS has been deactivated. Methods Here, we directly tested the enduring effects of LCN DBS in male Long Evans rats that underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury targeting sensorimotor cortex opposite their dominant forepaw followed by unilateral implantation of a macroelectrode into the LCN opposite the lesion. Animals were randomized to DBS or sham treatment for 4 weeks during which the motor performance were characterize by behavioral metrics. After 4 weeks, stimulation was turned off, with assessments continuing for an additional 2 weeks. Afterward, all animals were euthanized, and tissue was harvested for further analyses. Results Treated animals showed significantly greater motor improvement across all behavioral metrics relative to untreated animals during the 4-week treatment, with functional gains persisting across 2-week post-treatment. This motor recovery was associated with the increase in CaMKIIα and BDNF positive cell density across perilesional cortex in treated animals. Conclusions LCN DBS enhanced post-TBI motor recovery, the effect of which was persisted up to 2 weeks beyond stimulation offset. Such evidence should be considered in relation to future translational efforts as, unlike typical DBS applications, treatment may only need to be provided until such time as a new function plateau is achieved.