bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral papillitis and unilateral focal chorioretinitis as the presenting features of syphilis
Authors: Benson Christy Elizabeth , Soliman Mohamed Kamel , Knezevic Alexander , Xu Daisy Ding , Nguyen Quan Dong , Do Diana V 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Syphilis is a multisystem bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum. The incidence of infection in the United States has risen by more than 75% since the year 2000, when it was at a low of 2.1 per 100,000 people. Ocular involvement may occur in any stage of infection and may present in a variety of ways, with posterior uveitis being the most common manifestation. We report a case of ocular syphilis infection with an unusual presentation of bilateral non-granulomatous panuveitis with papillitis and unilateral focal chorioretinitis.

Findings
This is a retrospective case report with literature review. A 39-year-old Caucasian female presented with a 2-week history of bilateral ocular flashes and left eye pain. Dilated fundus examination revealed mild optic disc edema in both eyes, the right eye more than the left. In the left eye, there was an area of retinal elevation and whitening involving the peripheral retina. Fluorescein angiography, B-scan ultrasonography, and ocular coherence tomography were performed, and laboratory tests were ordered based on the clinical presentation. After rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-Abs) were positive, syphilitic uveitis was confirmed, and the patient was admitted for a 14-day course of high-dose intravenous penicillin G.

Conclusions
The first signs and symptoms of syphilis may be ocular, which can lead to a diagnostic challenge. A high index of suspicion is the key for early diagnosis of ocular syphilis. Prompt treatment with intravenous penicillin G is highly effective in resolving the infection.
Gut and sublingual microvascular effect of esmolol during septic shock in a porcine model
Authors: Jacquet-Lagrèze Matthias , Allaouchiche Bernard , Restagno Damien , Paquet Christian , Ayoub Jean-Yves , Etienne Jêrome , Vandenesch François , Dauwalder Olivier , Bonnet Jeanne-Marie , Junot Stéphane 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Esmolol may efficiently reduce heart rate (HR) and decrease mortality during septic shock. An improvement of microcirculation dissociated from its macrocirculatory effect may a role. The present study investigated the effect of esmolol on gut and sublingual microcirculation in a resuscitated piglet model of septic shock.

Methods
Fourteen piglets, anesthetized and mechanically ventilated, received a suspension of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They were randomly assigned to two groups: the esmolol (E) group received an infusion of esmolol, started at 7.5 μg⋅kg−1⋅min−1, and progressively increased to achieve a HR below 90 beats⋅min−1. The control (C) group received an infusion of Ringer’s lactate solution. HR, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), arterio-venous blood gas and lactate were recorded. Oxygen consumption (VO2), delivery (DO2) and peripheral extraction (O2ER) were computed. Following an ileostomy, a laser Doppler probe was applied on ileal mucosa to monitor gut microcirculatory laser Doppler flow (GMLDF). Videomicroscopy was also used on ileal mucosa and sublingual areas to evaluate mean flow index (MFI), heterogeneity, ratio of perfused villi and proportion of perfused vessels. Resuscitation maneuvers were performed following a defined algorithm.

Results
Bacterial infusion induced a significant alteration of the gut microcirculation with an increase in HR. Esmolol produced a significant time/group effect with a decrease in HR (P <0.004) and an increase in SVR (P <0.004). Time/group effect was not significant for CI and MAP, but there was a clear trend toward a decrease in CI and MAP in the E group. Time/group effect was not significant for SI, O2ER, DO2, VO2, GMLDF and lactate. A significant time/group effect of ileal microcirculation was found with a lower ileal villi perfusion (P <0.025) in the C group, and a trend toward a better MFI in the E group. No difference between both groups was found regarding microcirculatory parameters in the sublingual area.

Conclusions
Esmolol provided a maintenance of microcirculation during sepsis despite its negative effects on macrocirculation. Some parameters even showed a trend toward an improvement of the microcirculation in the gut area in the esmolol group.
99m-Technetium binding site in bone marrow mononuclear cells
Authors: Suhett Grazielle Dias , de Souza Sergio Augusto Lopes , Carvalho Adriana Bastos , de Pinho Rachid Rachel , da Cunha-E-Silva Narcisa Leal , de Carvalho Antonio Carlos Campos , da Fonseca Lea Mirian Barbosa , dos Santos Goldenberg Regina Coeli , Gutfilen Bianca 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The increasing interest in 99m-technetium (99mTc)-labeled stem cells encouraged us to study the 99mTc binding sites in stem cell compartments.

Methods
Bone marrow mononuclear cells were collected from femurs and tibia of rats. Cells were labeled with 99mTc by a direct method, in which reduced molecules react with 99mTc with the use of chelating agents, and lysed carefully in an ultrasonic apparatus. The organelles were separated by means of differential centrifugation. At the end of this procedure, supernatants and pellets were counted, and the percentages of radioactivity (in megabecquerels) bound to the different cellular fractions were determined. Percentages were calculated by dividing the radioactivity in each fraction by total radioactivity in the sample. The pellets were separated and characterized by their morphology on electron microscopy.

Results
The labeling procedure did not affect viability of bone marrow mononuclear cells. Radioactivity distributions in bone marrow mononuclear cell organelles, obtained in five independent experiments, were approximately 38.5 % in the nuclei-rich fraction, 5.3 % in the mitochondria-rich fraction, 2.2 % in microsomes, and 54 % in the cytosol. Our results showed that most of the radioactivity remained in the cytosol; therefore, this is an intracellular labeling procedure that has ribosomes unbound to membrane and soluble molecules as targets. However, approximately 39 % of the radioactivity remained bound to the nuclei-rich fraction. To confirm that cell disruption and organelle separation were efficient, transmission electron microscopy assays of all pellets were performed.

Conclusions
Our results showed that most of the radioactivity was present in the cytosol fraction. More studies to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the cellular uptake of 99mTc in bone marrow cells are ongoing.
Towards decision analytics in product portfolio management
Authors: Otten Sjors , Spruit Marco , Helms Remko 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn important strategic decision within the food industry is to achieve the optimal product portfolio allowing an organization to support its customers in the best possible way. Numerous models exist to categorize products based on their relative metrics like revenue, volume, margin or constructed scores. In order to make a more profound decision whether to keep or to remove a product from the portfolio a closer look into product interdependencies is desirable. Hence, by exploring existing DM-techniques through literature and evaluating those DM-techniques that seem suited in a PPM-context by applying each to a dataset, we aim to identify those techniques that complement a Product Portfolio Management process in the food industry. Three DM-techniques were selected: Dependency Modeling, Change and Deviation Detection, and Classification. Of these three techniques, two were found to be of complementary value in a PPM-context, Dependency modeling and Classification, respectively. Change and deviation detection was found to be of no complementary value in a PPM-context due to it forecasting future data points based on historical data, which results in future data points never exceeding the maximum historical data points. However, change and deviation detection could be of complementary value in another context. Finally, we propose an algorithm to visualize the data-driven product classifications in a standard portfolio matrix which portfolio managers can intuitively understand.
The acute effect of exercise modality and nutrition manipulations on post-exercise resting energy expenditure and respiratory exchange ratio in women: a randomized trial
Authors: Wingfield Hailee L , Smith-Ryan Abbie E , Melvin Malia N , Roelofs Erica J , Trexler Eric T , Hackney Anthony C , Weaver Mark A , Ryan Eric D 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise modality and pre-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) or protein (PRO) ingestion on post-exercise resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in women.

Methods
Twenty recreationally active women (mean ± SD; age 24.6 ± 3.9 years; height 164.4 ± 6.6 cm; weight 62.7 ± 6.6 kg) participated in this randomized, crossover, double-blind study. Each participant completed six exercise sessions, consisting of three exercise modalities: aerobic endurance exercise (AEE), high-intensity interval running (HIIT), and high-intensity resistance training (HIRT); and two acute nutritional interventions: CHO and PRO. Salivary samples were collected before each exercise session to determine estradiol-β-17 and before and after to quantify cortisol. Post-exercise REE and RER were analyzed via indirect calorimetry at the following: baseline, immediately post (IP), 30 minutes (30 min) post, and 60 minutes (60 min) post exercise. A mixed effects linear regression model, controlling for estradiol, was used to compare mean longitudinal changes in REE and RER.

Results
On average, HIIT produced a greater REE than AEE and HIRT (p < 0.001) post exercise. Effects of AEE and HIRT were not significantly different for post-exercise REE (p = 0.1331). On average, HIIT produced lower RER compared to either AEE or HIRT after 30 min (p < 0.001 and p = 0.0169, respectively) and compared to AEE after 60 min (p = 0.0020). On average, pre-exercise PRO ingestion increased post-exercise REE (p = 0.0076) and decreased post-exercise RER (p < 0.0001) compared to pre-exercise CHO ingestion.

Conclusion
HIIT resulted in the largest increase in REE and largest reduction in RER.
Locomotor corollary activation of trigeminal motoneurons: coupling of discrete motor behaviors
Authors: Hänzi Sara , Banchi Roberto , Straka Hans , Chagnaud Boris P. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
During motor behavior, corollary discharges of the underlying motor commands inform sensory-motor systems about impending or ongoing movements. These signals generally limit the impact of self-generated sensory stimuli but also induce motor reactions that stabilize sensory perception. Here, we demonstrate in isolated preparations of Xenopus laevis tadpoles that locomotor corollary discharge provokes a retraction of the mechanoreceptive tentacles during fictive swimming. In the absence of sensory feedback, these signals activate a cluster of trigeminal motoneurons that cause a contraction of the tentacle muscle. This corollary discharge encodes duration and strength of locomotor activity, thereby ensuring a reliable coupling between locomotion and tentacle motion. The strict phase coupling between the trigeminal and spinal motor activity, present in many cases, suggests that the respective corollary discharge is causally related to the ongoing locomotor output and derives at least in part from the spinal central pattern generator; however, additional contributions from midbrain and/or hindbrain locomotor centers are likely. The swimming-related retraction might protect the touch-receptive Merkel cells on the tentacle from sensory over-stimulation and damage and/or reduce the hydrodynamic drag. The intrinsic nature of the coupling of tentacle retraction to locomotion is an excellent example of a context-dependent, direct link between otherwise discrete motor behaviors.
Excitonic Feature in Hybrid Perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3 Single Crystals
Authors: Kunugita Hideyuki , Hashimoto Tsubasa , Kiyota Yuki , Udagawa Yosuke , Takeoka Yuko , Nakamura Yuiga , Sano Junro , Matsushita Tomonori , Kondo Takashi , Miyasaka Tsutomu , Ema Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We have measured the temperature dependence of the reflection and photoluminescence spectra of a lead bromide hybrid material (CH3NH3PbBr3) using high-quality macroscopic single crystals. Single crystals provide clear and sample-independent reflection spectra that permit discussion of the properties of the photoexcited carriers. We have found that excitons still exist in CH3NH3PbBr3, even at room temperature. We have also determined the temperature dependence of the exciton resonance energy and the line width.
Project Stakeholder Engagement: Theoretical Approaches Review
Authors: ����������  , Ponomareva T. , �������  , Gergert Dmitriy 
Published: June 2015

Recently, organizational challenges and the need to achieve sustainable
development make it more important to engage with all the necessary and
relevant participants of the economic and social processes.
Furthermore, the imperatives of sustainable development reinforce the
need to engage with stakeholders to realize specific organizational goals,
as well as to meet broader social, environmental and economic changes.
A company has many stakeholders, each with distinct types and levels of
involvement, and often with diverse and sometimes conflicting interests
and concerns. Like any other business function, stakeholder engagement
needs to be managed. Stakeholder engagement has always been crucial
to a company�s performance and recently has become an important tool
to transfer responsibility to management practice and corporate strategy.
The academic literature includes many attempts at classifying stakeholders
using various criteria and definitions. The ambiguity and the vagueness
of the stakeholder concept are discussed from the different scientific approaches.
The criticisms of stakeholder theory have already been thoroughly
analyzed and widely commented on in the scientific literature.
The stakeholder model has been constantly expanding and now includes
more than two dozen groups. However, over the years, the uncontrolled
broadening of its scope and applications, the multiplication of the numerous
stakeholder definitions, have created confusion. A strong need for clarification
and a clear delimitation of the stakeholders was thus urgently needed.
Moreover businesses should scale their stakeholder engagement strategies
relative to the risks. The company should identify and map stakeholders in
regard to all of its activities, products, services and projects
There is no one-size-fits-all approach when it comes to stakeholder engagement.
The type of relationship the private sector should try to develop with
its stakeholders, and the resources and level of effort that it should invest,
will differ according to the nature, location, and scale of the project; the
phase of its development; and the interests of the stakeholders themselves.
In this article the authors present a review of different methods and scientific
approaches to the stakeholder engagement theory and make an attempt to
establish the significance of stakeholder engagement tools and modes in
the process of project management.
Does the timing of deinfibulation for women with type 3 female genital mutilation affect labour outcomes?
Authors: Albert Juliet , Bailey Elizabeth , Duaso Maria 
Published: June 2015

Objective: To determine whether timing of deinfibulation influences obstetric outcomes for women with type 3 female genital mutilation (FGM). Design: A retrospective observational study comprising 94 women with type 3 FGM who gave birth from 2008–2012. Method: Outcomes described in maternity notes of women with deinfibulation performed prior to labour (n=62) compared with ‘not deinfibulated before labour’ (n=32). Secondary analysis was then performed excluding women who had caesarean sections. Findings: Women who were ‘not deinfibulated before labour’ had a significantly greater risk of episiotomy (RR 1.67, P<0.05) and prolonged hospital stay of >2 days (RR 1.33, P<0.05). They also had non-significant increased risk of a postpartum haemorrhage (RR 1.15, P=0.58); prolonged second stage (RR 1.77, P=0.16); and required vaginal packing in theatre (RR 2.6, P =0.17). Apgar scores were no different, and both groups had higher than the national average rates for emergency caesarean section and instrumental birth. Conclusion: Type 3 FGM is associated with morbidity in childbirth. When deinfibulation is deferred until labour the risk of morbidity increases.
Falls prevention interventions in older adults with cognitive impairment: A systematic review of reviews
Authors: Booth Vicky , Logan Pip , Harwood Rowan , Hood Victoria 
Published: June 2015

Aim: This critical review explores the review material on falls prevention interventions in older adults with cognitive impairment, such as dementia. Method: A systematic review of reviews was conducted using the following bibliographic databases: PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL and the Cochrane electronic library. The search terms used were: ‘falls’; ‘rehabilitation’; ‘falls prevention’; ‘interventions’; ‘cognitive impairment’; ‘dementia’; and ‘Alzheimer's disease’. All available studies were marked against predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Of the seven review articles that met the inclusion criteria, only one had a homogenous population of adults with a cognitive impairment. The most reported intervention was exercise, which was included in all seven reviews of 91 studies. Multifactorial and multicomponent falls prevention programmes were also frequently reported. Reports of efficacy were inconsistent for all the interventions reported. Conclusion: Evidence for falls prevention interventions for adults with cognitive impairment is varied and inconclusive. When compared with the literature on falls interventions in healthy older adult populations, both primary and synthesis studies in older adults with cognitive impairment are lacking in number, quality and homogeneity of sample population and interventions. Promising results are emerging but clinical recommendations cannot be made at this time.
Biochemical Marker Reference Values across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages: Establishment of Robust Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals on the Basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey
Authors: Adeli Khosrow , Higgins Victoria , Nieuwesteeg Michelle , Raizman Joshua E , Chen Yunqi , Wong Suzy L , Blais David 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Biological covariates such as age and sex can markedly influence biochemical marker reference values, but no comprehensive study has examined such changes across pediatric, adult, and geriatric ages. The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) collected comprehensive nationwide health information and blood samples from children and adults in the household population and, in collaboration with the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER), examined biological changes in biochemical markers from pediatric to geriatric age, establishing a comprehensive reference interval database for routine disease biomarkers.

METHODS
The CHMS collected health information, physical measurements, and biosamples (blood and urine) from approximately 12 000 Canadians aged 3–79 years and measured 24 biochemical markers with the Ortho Vitros 5600 FS analyzer or a manual microplate. By use of CLSI C28-A3 guidelines, we determined age- and sex-specific reference intervals, including corresponding 90% CIs, on the basis of specific exclusion criteria.

RESULTS
Biochemical marker reference values exhibited dynamic changes from pediatric to geriatric age. Most biochemical markers required some combination of age and/or sex partitioning. Two or more age partitions were required for all analytes except bicarbonate, which remained constant throughout life. Additional sex partitioning was required for most biomarkers, except bicarbonate, total cholesterol, total protein, urine iodine, and potassium.

CONCLUSIONS
Understanding the fluctuations in biochemical markers over a wide age range provides important insight into biological processes and facilitates clinical application of biochemical markers to monitor manifestation of various disease states. The CHMS-CALIPER collaboration addresses this important evidence gap and allows the establishment of robust pediatric and adult reference intervals.
Black nationalism and opposition to organized labour in 1930s New York City
Authors: Ayers Oliver 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Modern historiography emphasizes the importance of black nationalism in an ongoing ‘long’ civil rights movement, particularly during the Garvey and Black Power eras in the 1920s and 1960s. While not as prominent as these movements, this article shows that nationalism did not disappear during the 1930s. This is demonstrated by a case-study of the Harlem Labor Union (HLU), a black-only protest group formed out of remnants of the Garvey movement in 1935. Accused of being racketeers by opponents, this article finds that the HLU gained a hearing among the wider Harlem community through their willingness to rail against racist practices of white-dominated trade unions and to take the fight for jobs ‘onto the street’. A defining characteristic of the HLU was its fierce rejection of the interracial unionism espoused by newly vocal pro-union leaders, but the group achieved only patchy results on their own. Some attempts were made in later years to participate in broader protest coalitions. The fractious interactions with other organizations that resulted highlighted broader difficulties sustaining coordinated protests against discrimination in employment in this period. Consequently, the HLU’s story problematizes the ‘long’ thesis’ argument that black protest underwent a successful shift to the left during the New Deal era.
Superhero or vigilante? A matter of perspective and brand management
Authors: Marazi Katherine 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Vigilantism is a recurring theme in superhero narratives where, objectively speaking, all superheroes are vigilantes. Nevertheless, the fictional nature of superheroes allows one to contemplate the ideological grey area and connotations of vigilante. This article will focus on three specific ‘human’ superheroes who display a strong brand identity in order to examine the theme of vigilantism in connection with brand identity and brand management so as to display the oscillating power struggle between individual and the collective, between the private corporate sector and government power. Drawing on the position of power from which one speaks or is prompted to speak, as advocated by Michel Foucault, as well as the practices of brand management and postmodern marketing as advocated by Adam Arvidsson, this article views vigilantism as occupying an ideological grey area due to the brand presence of the superheroes, thus displaying a convoluted relationship between a brand governing authority and a government authority. The question at hand is whether the character wants to be perceived as a vigilante due to a context he has set, or is deemed as such, because a different authority cannot infiltrate said context so as to control and conform him to the opposite effect.