bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen sulfide protects blood–brain barrier integrity following cerebral ischemia
Authors: Wang Yali , Jia Jia , Ao Guizhen , Hu Lifang , Liu Hui , Xiao Yunqi , Du Huaping , Alkayed Nabil J. , Liu Chun‐Feng , Cheng Jian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBy using two structurally unrelated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors 5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) ‐3H‐1, 2‐dithiole‐3‐thione (ADT) and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), this study investigated if H2S protected blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). ICR mice underwent MCAO and received H2S donors at 3 h after reperfusion. Infarction, neurological scores, brain edema, Evans blue (EB) extravasation, and tight junction protein expression were examined at 48 h after MCAO. We also investigated if ADT protected BBB integrity by suppressing post‐ischemic inflammation‐induced Matrix Metalloproteimase‐9 (MMP9) and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX). ADT increased blood H2S concentrations, decreased infarction, and improved neurological deficits. Particularly, ADT reduced EB extravasation, brain edema and preserved expression of tight junction proteins in the ischemic brain. NaHS also increased blood H2S levels and reduced EB extravasation following MCAO. Moreover, ADT inhibited expression of pro‐inflammatory markers induced Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and IL‐1β while enhanced expression of anti‐inflammatory markers arginase 1 and IL‐10 in the ischemic brain. Accordingly, ADT attenuated ischemia‐induced expression and activity of MMP9. Moreover, ADT reduced NOX‐4 mRNA expression, NOX activity, and inhibited nuclear translocation of Nuclear Factor Kappa‐B (NF‐κB) in the ischemic brain. In conclusion, H2S donors protected BBB integrity following experimental stroke possibly by acting through NF‐κB inhibition to suppress neuroinflammation induction of MMP9 and NOX4‐derived free radicals.
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To determine H2S effects on blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption following stroke, we used two structurally unrelated H2S donors ADT and NaHS. Both ADT and NaHS remarkably protected BBB integrity following experimental stroke. The slow‐releasing donor ADT also reduced post‐ischemic inflammation‐induced expression and activity of MMP9 and NOX4 in the ischemic brain possibly by inhibiting NF‐κB activation.
Vital exhaustion and anxiety are related to subjective quality of life in patients with acute myocardial infarct before cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Rafael Beatrix , Simon Attila , Drótos Gergely , Balog Piroska 
Published: February 2014

Aims and objectivesTo examine psychological risk factors and somatic factors in patients after myocardial infarction. To study the relationship between somatic and psychological factors, their influence on subjective quality of life (well‐being) and also to examine possible gender differences.BackgroundThere has been a growing body of evidence that psychosocial factors are risk factors for incident and recurrent myocardial infarction.DesignDescriptive correlational and cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsIn patients (n = 97, 67 men), the level of depression and anxiety, vital exhaustion, sleep disturbances and well‐being were assessed. Left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular diastolic diameter, body mass index, metabolic equivalents and the number of diseased vessels were retrieved from medical records.ResultsAnxiety, vital exhaustion and sleep disturbances were significantly higher in women than in men. Well‐being showed a significant linear correlation with body mass index, anxiety, depression, vital exhaustion and sleep disturbances scores. After adjustment for psychological risk factors and somatic parameters, only vital exhaustion and anxiety correlated significantly with well‐being. However, there were gender differences in predictive variables of well‐being. Anxiety in men and vital exhaustion in women showed a linear correlation with the subjective quality of life.ConclusionOur study revealed that only vital exhaustion and anxiety showed a significant correlation with well‐being in patients.Relevance to clinical practiceDuring cardiac rehabilitation, it is important to detect and treat not only depression but also vital exhaustion and anxiety, because by reducing these psychological conditions, we can improve well‐being.
Internal Carotid Artery Floating Thrombus in Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: Karapanayiotides Theodoros , Kouskouras Konstantinos , Ioannidis Panagiotis , Polychroniadou Eleni , Grigoriadis Nikolaos , Karacostas Dimitrios 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTRelapsing polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of cartilaginous tissues. It may be associated with systemic and cerebral vasculitis and exceptionally with ischemic stroke. Brain infarction associated with internal carotid artery thrombus, in a setting of relapsing polychondritis, has never been reported. We present a 52‐year‐old man without any known risk factors for stroke, treated with prednisone and azathioprine for relapsing polychondritis, who presented a minor left hemisphere stroke. Ultrasound of the neck vessels revealed an isoechogenic thrombus in the left internal carotid artery superimposed on a smooth moderately stenosing isoechogenic atheroma of the carotid bulb. The patient was treated with high‐dose tinzaparin and was followed with serial ultrasound. After 16 days, the thrombus demonstrated a hypoechogenic core surrounded by a hyperechogenic rim and the following day it resolved completely. Thrombus formation on a small unruptured plaque may reflect involvement by relapsing polychondritis of the intimal proteoglycans that hold a role in the development of atheromatosis.
Ligand‐Based Molecular MRI: O‐17 JJVCPE Amyloid Imaging in Transgenic Mice
Authors: Suzuki Kiyotaka , Igarashi Hironaka , Huber Vincent J. , Kitaura Hiroki , Kwee Ingrid L. , Nakada Tsutomu 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDDevelopment of molecular MR imaging (MRI) similar to PET imaging using contrast agents such as gadolinium as probe have been inherently hampered by incompatibility between potential probe (charged molecules) and membrane permeability. Nevertheless, considering the inherent spatial resolution limit for PET of 700μ, the superior microscopic resolution of MRI of 4 μ presents a strong incentive for research into ligand‐based molecular MRI.METHODS17O exhibits JJ vicinal coupling with a covalently bound proton in a hydroxyl group. This 17O coupled proton can be ionized in water solution and interexchange with other water protons. This property can be utilized as “probe” in T2‐weighted imaging and developed into ligand‐based molecular MRI. We examined β‐amyloid distribution in human APP overexpressed transgenic mice in vivo following injection of 17O labeled Pittsburg compound B (17O‐PiB).RESULTSJJVCPE imaging successfully imaged 17O‐PiB, unequivocally establishing that 17O JJVCPE imaging can be developed into PET‐like molecular MRI in clinical medicine.CONCLUSIONSThe study represents the first successful ligand‐based molecular MRI in vivo. This is also the first in vivo amyloid imaging using MRI. High‐resolution molecular MRI with high specificity under clinical settings, such as in vivo microscopic imaging of senile plaque, is a foreseeable aim.
The effect of experimental balancing interferences on masticatory performance
Authors: Eberhard L. , Braun S. , Wirth A. , Schindler H.‐J. , Hellmann D. , Giannakopoulos N.N. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryImmediate adaptation to experimental‐balancing interferences is known to affect jaw kinematics and electromyographic activity (EMG). However, little is known about the influence on masticatory performance parameters. This study hypothesises that balancing‐side interferences significantly reduce the performance of the masticatory system. Twenty‐one healthy subjects (eleven female, mean age: 24·1 ± 1·2 years) chewed standardised silicone cubes performing 15 masticatory cycles on the right side under three experimental conditions: (i) natural dentition (ND), (ii) splints with structured occlusal profiles (SS) (iii) splints with balancing interferences in the left molar region (OI). The particle size distribution was determined by a validated scanning procedure and curve fitted with the Rosin–Rammler function to determine X50‐values. The EMG of both temporalis and masseter muscles was recorded simultaneously, and the total muscle work (TMW) was calculated. A jaw‐tracking device recorded the incisal movement path (IMP). The functional parameters under the experimental conditions were compared by repeated‐measures analysis of variance. The findings confirm our hypothesis. The X50‐values differed significantly (P < 0·01) between ND and OI (4·34 vs. 4·60 mm), and between SS and OI (4·34 vs. 4·60 mm), respectively. In contrast, no significant differences (P > 0·05) were observed between SS and ND. There was no significant difference in both TMW (1269·0 vs. 1284·9 vs. 1193·9 μV*s) and IMP (720·2 vs. 735·3 vs. 723·1 mm) amongst the three conditions (P > 0·05). These findings confirm the assumption that the disturbance of the habitual chewing cycles by balancing‐side interferences significantly reduces the masticatory performance in the short term. Occlusal balancing‐side interferences are common technical failures of dental restorations. Simulation of this condition caused deterioration of masticatory performance in healthy young adults. Further studies should be carried out, on whether the observed effect is long‐term and whether masticatory performance decreases even more in patients with reduced adaptive capacity.
The rate and pattern of urea infusion into the rumen of wethers alters nitrogen balance and plasma ammonia
Authors: Recavarren M. I. , Milano G. D. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryChanges in N balance, urinary excretion of purine derivative (PD), urea, creatinine and ammonia and plasma ammonia, glucose, urea, insulin and IGF‐1 were examined in four wethers (37 ± 2.6 kg BW). The animals were fitted with permanent ruminal catheters, fed lucerne hay (9.4 MJ/day; 23 g N/day; 7 g soluble N/day, 6 equal meals/day) and treated with contrasting rates of urea infusion into the rumen: first, a continuous infusion (CT), at 3.2 mg urea‐N/min for 10 days and then a discontinuous infusion (DT) at 156 mg urea‐N/min for 4 min; in 6 daily doses with the meals for 7 days. N balance was calculated from pooled samples of faeces and urine. Jugular blood samples were collected before and 1.5 h after the morning meal (M1) on days CT10, DT2, DT4 and DT6. N retention decreased during DT (p = 0.01) due to a significant increase of N excretion in urine (4 g/day; p = 0.009) and faeces (1 g/day; p = 0.02). Dry matter (p < 0.001) and N digestibility in vivo (p = 0.01) decreased significantly during DT. Urinary urea and PD excretion were not altered by treatment. Significant linear (p = 0.004) and quadratic (p = 0.001) effects were observed for plasma ammonia in M1 (from 170 CT10 to 235 μm DT2 and returned to 120 μm DT6). No changes were observed in plasma glucose, urea, insulin and IGF‐1. Results indicate that changes from CT to DT reduced N retention in sheep due to enhanced urinary N excretion, but it was not associated with changes in urinary urea or PD excretion; or plasma concentrations of insulin and IGF‐1. As the dry matter (DM) an N digestibility could account a 0.23 of the decrease in N retention; the largest fraction of the reduction in N retention remained unexplained by the results.
Molecular and morphological evidence for Sheathia gen. nov. (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) and three new species
Authors: Salomaki Eric D. , Kwandrans Janina , Eloranta Pertti , Vis Morgan L. 
Published: February 2014

The freshwater red algal genus Batrachospermum has been shown to be paraphyletic since the first molecular studies of the Batrachospermales. Previous research, along with this study, provides strong support for the clade Batrachospermum section Helminthoidea. This study has found that heterocortication, the presence of both cylindrical and bulbous cells on the main axis, is an underlying synapomorphy of this clade. Based on support from DNA sequences of the rbcL gene, the COI barcode region and the rDNA ITS 1 and 2, along with morphological studies, the new genus Sheathia is proposed. Seven heterocorticate species were recognized from the molecular clades. Sheathia boryana and S. exigua sp. nov. appear to be restricted to Europe, whereas S. confusa occurs in Europe and New Zealand. Sheathia involuta is widespread in the USA and reported for the first time from Europe. Sheathia americana sp. nov., has been collected in the USA and Canada, and S. heterocortica and S. grandis sp. nov. have been collected only in the USA. Sheathia confusa and S. grandis can be distinguished based on morphological characters, whereas DNA sequence data are required to conclusively distinguish the other species. Sheathia fluitans and S. carpoinvolucra also are placed within this genus based on the presence of heterocortication. These data also hint at greater diversity among non‐heterocorticate Sheathia than is recognized by the single species name S. arcuata.
Sexuality Education in Brazilian Medical Schools
Authors: Rufino Andrea Cronemberger , Madeiro Alberto , Girão Manoel João Batista Castello 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Sexuality education has been valued since the 1960s in medical schools worldwide. Although recent studies reaffirm the importance of incorporating sexuality into medical education, there are data gaps concerning how this happens in Brazil.

Aim
To understand how Brazilian medical school professors teach sexuality in undergraduate courses.

Methods
An exploratory, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. A total of 207 professors from 110 Brazilian medical schools responded to an online semistructured questionnaire about the characteristics of the sexuality-related topics offered.

Main Outcome Measures
The main variables assessed were contact hours devoted to sexuality, disciplines in which sexuality topics were taught, sexuality-related course titles, and sexuality-related topics addressed. Questionnaires were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics for frequency distribution.

Results
The response rate to the questionnaire was 77.2%. Almost all professors (96.3%) addressed sexuality-related topics mainly in the third and fourth years as clinical disciplines, with a 6-hour load per discipline. Gynecology was the discipline in which sexuality-related topics were most often taught (51.5%), followed by urology (18%) and psychiatry (15%). Sexuality-related topics were addressed mainly in classes on sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS (62.4%) and on the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system (55.4%). About 25% of the professors reported teaching courses with a sexuality-related title. There was emphasis on the impact of diseases and sexual habits (87.9%) and sexual dysfunction (75.9%). Less than 50% of professors addressed nonnormative sexuality or social aspects of sexuality.

Conclusions
The teaching of sexuality in Brazilian medical schools occurred in a nonstandardized and fragmented fashion across several disciplines. The topic was incorporated with an organic and pathological bias, with a weak emphasis on the social aspects of sexuality and the variety of human sexual behaviors. The results point to the need for change in the provision of sexuality education in Brazilian medical schools.
Platelet Activation in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tablin F. , Schumacher T. , Pombo M. , Marion C.T. , Huang K. , Norris J.W. , Jandrey K.E. , Kittleson M.D. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundCats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are at risk for development of systemic thromboembolic disease. However, the relationship between platelet activation state and cardiovascular parameters associated withHCMis not well described.ObjectivesTo characterize platelet activation by flow cytometric evaluation of platelet P‐selectin and semiquantitative Western blot analysis of soluble platelet‐endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sPECAM‐1).AnimalsEight normal healthy cats (controls) owned by staff and students of the School of Veterinary Medicine and 36 cats from theUCDavis FelineHCMResearch Laboratory were studied.MethodsPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) was used for all flow cytometry studies. Platelet surfaceCD41 and P‐selectin expression were evaluated before and afterADPstimulation.sPECAM‐1 expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis of platelet‐poor plasma that had been stabilized with aprotinin. Standard echocardiographic studies were performed.ResultsResting platelets from cats with severeHCMhad increased P‐selectin expression compared to controls, and expressed higher surface density of P‐selectin reflected by their increased mean fluorescence intensities (MFI). Stimulation withADPalso resulted in significantly increased P‐selectinMFIof platelets from cats with severeHCM. Increased P‐selectin expression andMFIcorrelated with the presence of a heart murmur and end‐systolic cavity obliteration (ESCO).sPECAM‐1 expression from cats with moderate and severeHCMwas significantly increased above those of control cats.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceP‐selectin andsPECAMexpression may be useful biomarkers indicating increased platelet activation in cats with HCM.
Fuzzy species distribution models: a way to represent plant communities spatially
Authors: Rocchini Duccio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFuzzy set theory has generally been applied to smooth classification cut‐offs, with an unavoidable loss of information. In this commentary, I rely on both advantages and disadvantages of the methods proposed in Duff et al., in this issue of the Journal of Vegetation Science, to map the variability over space of vegetation classes based on fuzzy sets and species distribution models.
Schema modes in criminal and violent behaviour of forensic cluster B PD patients: A retrospective and prospective study
Authors: Keulen‐de Vos Marije E. , Bernstein David P. , Vanstipelen Silke , de Vogel Vivienne , Lucker Tanja P. C. , Slaats Mariët , Hartkoorn Marloes , Arntz Arnoud 
Published: February 2014

PurposeA clear understanding of an offender's criminal behaviour is a prerequisite for determining suitable treatment. In the literature, several specific frameworks or therapeutic approaches that aim to explicate criminal behaviour can be distinguished (e.g., cognitive analytic therapy, offence paralleling behaviour paradigm), but Schema Therapy (ST) is becoming an increasingly popular paradigm. According to forensic ST's theoretical framework, criminal and violent behaviour can be explained by an unfolding sequence of schema modes, or moment‐to‐moment states that represent emotions, cognitions, and behaviour. In this study, we examine the validity of this theory and the relationship between schema modes, psychopathy, and institutional violence.MethodsSchema modes were assessed retrospectively from descriptions of patients’ crimes in a sample of 95 hospitalized cluster B personality disordered offenders. Psychopathy was rated with the Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised and institutional transgressions were coded from daily hospital reports.ResultsOur findings show that criminal behaviour is often preceded by schema modes that refer to feelings of vulnerability and abandonment, loneliness, and states of intoxication. Criminal behaviour itself is characterized by schema modes that refer to states of impulsivity, anger, and the use of overcompensatory strategies involving threats, intimidation, and aggression. Schema modes involving bullying and manipulation were positively correlated with the interpersonal facet of psychopathy; the vulnerable child mode was negatively correlated with the affective facet of psychopathy. The schema modes in this study moderately predicted later institutional transgressions.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the schema mode concept is of explanatory value in understanding criminal and violent behaviour.
Popular culture in a digital media studies classroom
Authors: Schmier Stephanie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article documents the ways in which one teacher incorporated student interests, including popular culture, into the curriculum of a digital media studies class in an urban public middle school in the United States. Drawing on data from an 18‐month‐long investigation, this research employs a connected learning perspective to address two research questions: (1) how might connecting the online social networking practices in which youth engage with classroom literacy instruction support students' growth as authors in a school with a mandated print‐based curricular focus? (2) What are the possibilities of allowing students to design texts that incorporate popular cultural artefacts and practices as part of the official school curriculum? To do so, I share portraits of three students in the digital media studies class, highlighting their experiences bringing their popular cultural practices to the design of school‐based texts. Findings highlight how inviting popular culture into the classroom not only increased students' abilities to think and write critically about the media they produce and consume both in and outside of school, but also positioned them as community activists who designed and published texts that gave voice to inequities in their community.
Popular culture, participation and progression in the literacy classroom
Authors: Parry Becky 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper, I share an account of what happens when a teacher values children's experiences of popular culture in a classroom activity. Drawing on a socio‐cultural approach to learning, I suggest that children are not simply enthused when their lived cultures are valued in the classroom but more fundamentally that they are motivated because they can participate in (and are not excluded from) the learning that is constructed. Drawing on data from a recent media literacy research project, I aim to demonstrate the necessity of including popular culture experiences in literacy teaching in order to ensure that children are able to articulate and develop key conceptual understandings. Furthermore, I suggest that interrogatory pedagogic strategies, including practical productions, are key to ensuring that children are able to make explicit, and then organise and develop their conceptual understandings.