bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asian low‐androstenone haplotype on pig chromosome 6 does not unfavorably affect production and reproduction traits
Authors: Hidalgo A. M. , Bastiaansen J. W. M. , Harlizius B. , Knol E. F. , Lopes M. S. , de Koning D. J. , Groenen M. A. M. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryEuropean pigs that carry Asian haplotypes of a 1.94‐Mbp region on pig chromosome 6 have lower levels of androstenone, one of the two main compounds causing boar taint. The objective of our study was to examine potential pleiotropic effects of the Asian low‐androstenone haplotypes. A single nucleotide polymorphism marker, rs81308021, distinguishes the Asian from European haplotypes and was used to investigate possible associations of androstenone with production and reproduction traits. Eight traits were available from three European commercial breeds. For the two sow lines studied, a favorable effect on number of teats was detected for the low‐androstenone haplotype. In one of these sow lines, a favorable effect on number of spermatozoa per ejaculation was detected for the low‐androstenone haplotype. No unfavorable pleiotropic effects were found, which suggests that selection for low‐androstenone haplotypes within the 1.94 Mbp would not unfavorably affect the other eight relevant traits.
Changes in Maternal Blood Inflammatory Markers As a Predictor Of Chorioamnionitis: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Le Ray Isabelle , Mace Guillaume , Sediki Mourad , Lirussi Frédéric , Riethmuller Didier , Lentz Nathalie , Ramanah Rajeev , Hoyek Toufic , Spagnolo Gilles , Laurent Nicole , Goirand Françoise , Sagot Paul , Bardou Marc 
Published: September 2014

ProblemTo evaluate the inflammatory pattern in maternal circulation from women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) considering the occurrence of histologically confirmed chorioamnionitis (HCA).Method of studyA prospective study was conducted in 121 women with PPROM between 24 and 34 + 0 weeks of gestation. Association between white blood cells (WBC) count, plasma CRP, IL‐6, MCP‐1 and IP‐10 levels, and HCA was assessed.ResultsThe rate of HCA was 44.7% (54/121). During the 5 days preceding delivery, median CRP, WBC, and IL‐6 levels were significantly higher in the HCA than in no‐HCA group (P < 0.001). Variations in IL‐6, IP‐10 levels, during the 24–72 hr before delivery, were predictors of the occurrence of HCA, but the diagnostic accuracy was low [Receiver Operating Characterictic (ROC) curve, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.56].ConclusionAn increase in IL‐6, CRP, IP‐10 maternal plasma levels was confirmed in PPROM women with HCA. Longitudinal follow‐up of these markers did not add valuable information regarding HCA.
Negative T Wave in Ischemic Heart Disease: A Consensus Article
Authors: de Luna Antonio Bayés , Zareba Wojciech , Fiol Miquel , Nikus Kjell , Birnbaum Yochai , Baranowski Rafael , Goldwasser Diego , Kligfield Paul , Piotrowicz Ryszard , Breithardt Günter , Wellens Hein 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundFor many years was considered that negative T wave in ischemic heart disease represents ischemia and for many authors located in subepicardial area.MethodsWe performed a review based in the literature and in the experience of the authors commenting the real significance of the presence of negative T wave in patients with ischemic heart disease.ResultsThe negative T wave may be of primary or secondary type. Negative T wave observed in ischemic heart disease are of primary origin, therefore not a consequence of abnormal repolarization pattern. The negative T wave of ischemic origin presents the following characteristics: (1) are symmetrical and of variable deepness; (2) present mirror patterns; (3) starts in the second part of repolarization; and (4) may be accompanied by positive or negative U wave. The negative T wave of ischemic origin may be seen in the following clinical settings: (1) postmyocardial infarction due to a window effect of necrotic zone and (2) as a consequence of reperfusion in case of aborted MI when the artery has opened spontaneously, or after fibrinolysis, PCI, or coronary spasm.ConclusionAcute ongoing ischemia do not cause negative T wave. This pattern appears when the ongoing ischemia is vanishing or in the chronic phase. In all these cases the cause of negative T wave is not located in the subepicardial area. Furthermore, positive exercise testing is expressed by ST depression never by isolated negative T wave. There are many circumstances that may present negative T wave outside ischemic heart disease and that have been discussed in this paper.
Prinzmetal Angina: ECG Changes and Clinical Considerations: A Consensus Paper
Authors: de Luna Antonio Bayés , Cygankiewicz Iwona , Baranchuk Adrian , Fiol Miquel , Birnbaum Yochai , Nikus Kjell , Goldwasser Diego , Garcia‐Niebla Javier , Sclarovsky Samuel , Wellens Hein , Breithardt Günter 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundWe will focus our attention in this article in the ECG changes of classical Prinzmetal angina that occur during occlusive proximal coronary spasm usually in patients with normal or noncritical coronary stenosis.ResultsThe most important ECG change during a focal proximal coronary spasm is in around 50% of cases the appearance of peaked and symmetrical T wave that is followed, if the spasm persist, by progressive ST‐segment elevation that last for a few minutes, and later progressively resolve. The most frequent ECG changes associated with ST‐segment elevation are: (a) increased height of the R wave, (b) coincident S‐wave diminution, (c) upsloping TQ in many cases, and (d) alternans of the elevated ST‐segment and negative T wave deepness in 20% of cases.The presence of arrhythmias is very frequent during Prinzmetal angina crises, especially ventricular arrhythmias. The prevalence and importance of ventricular arrhythmias were related to: (a) duration of episodes, (b) degree of ST‐segment elevation, (c) presence of ST–T wave alternans, and (d) the presence of >25% increase of the R wave.ConclusionsThe incidence of Prinzmetal angina is much lower then 50 years ago for many reasons including treatment with calcium channel blocks to treat hypertension and ischemia heart disease and the decrease of smoking habits.
Dopamine therapy is associated with impaired cerebral autoregulation in preterm infants
Authors: Eriksen Vibeke R. , Hahn Gitte H. , Greisen Gorm 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimHypotension is a common problem in newborn infants and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Dopamine is the most commonly used antihypotensive drug therapy, but has never been shown to improve neurological outcomes. This study tested our hypothesis that dopamine affects cerebral autoregulation (CA).MethodsNear‐infrared spectroscopy was used to measure the cerebral oxygenation index in 60 very preterm infants, and mean arterial blood pressure was monitored towards the end of their first day of life. Measurements were performed continuously for two to three hour periods. CA was quantified as the cerebral oximetry index (COx).ResultsWe treated 13 of the 60 infants (22%) with dopamine during the measurements. COx was higher in the dopamine group than the untreated group (0.41 ± 0.25 vs. 0.08 ± 0.25, p < 0.001). Blood pressure tended to be lower in the dopamine group, but the anticipated difference in cerebral oxygenation was not detected. The need for mechanical ventilation in the first day of life and incidences of mortality was higher in the dopamine group.ConclusionDopamine therapy was associated with decreased CA in preterm infants. We were unable to determine whether dopamine directly impaired CA or was merely an indicator of illness.
Introducing high‐cost health care to patients: dentists' accounts of offering dental implant treatment
Authors: Vernazza Christopher R. , Rousseau Nikki , Steele Jimmy G. , Ellis Janice S. , Thomason John Mark , Eastham Jane , Exley Catherine 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe decision‐making process within health care has been widely researched, with shared decision‐making, where both patients and clinicians share technical and personal information, often being cited as the ideal model. To date, much of this research has focused on systems where patients receive their care and treatment free at the point of contact (either in government‐funded schemes or in insurance‐based schemes). Oral health care often involves patients making direct payments for their care and treatment, and less is known about how this payment affects the decision‐making process. It is clear that patient characteristics influence decision‐making, but previous evidence suggests that clinicians may assume characteristics rather than eliciting them directly. The aim was to explore the influences on how dentists' engaged in the decision‐making process surrounding a high‐cost item of health care, dental implant treatments (DITs).MethodsA qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews was undertaken using a purposive sample of primary care dentists (n = 25). Thematic analysis was undertaken to reveal emerging key themes.ResultsThere were differences in how dentists discussed and offered implants. Dentists made decisions about whether to offer implants based on business factors, professional and legal obligations and whether they perceived the patient to be motivated to have treatment and their ability to pay. There was evidence that assessment of these characteristics was often based on assumptions derived from elements such as the appearance of the patient, the state of the patient's mouth and demographic details. The data suggest that there is a conflict between three elements of acting as a healthcare professional: minimizing provision of unneeded treatment, trying to fully involve patients in shared decisions and acting as a business person with the potential for financial gain.ConclusionsIt might be expected that in the context of a high‐cost healthcare intervention for which patients pay the bill themselves, that decision‐making would be closer to an informed than a paternalistic model. Our research suggests that paternalistic decision‐making is still practised and is influenced by assumptions about patient characteristics. Better tools and training may be required to support clinicians in this area of practice.
Multistepped Drill Design for Single‐Stage Implant Site Preparation: Experimental Study in Type 2 Bone
Authors: Abboud Marcus , Delgado‐Ruiz Rafael Arcesio , Kucine Allan , Rugova Sihana , Balanta Julian , Calvo‐Guirado Jose Luis 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate an experimental multistepped drill for single‐stage implant site preparation by means of real‐time analysis of thermal variations during and postdrilling, and by implant stability evaluation.Materials and MethodsTemperature and time were recorded in real time by paired microprobe thermocouples during simulated osteotomy in type 2 bone similes at the cortical and cancellous zones. Three different drilling groups with a new multistepped drill design were compared: Control (2‐mm diameter pilot drill + 3.3‐mm three‐stepped drill + 4.1‐mm three‐stepped drill); Test A (3.3‐mm three‐stepped drill); and Test B (4.1‐mm three‐stepped drill). Implants were inserted, and implant stability was evaluated with the Perio Test Value (PTV). Two‐way anova was used to test the independent effects of osteotomy and implant diameter on temperature and stability.ResultsAll the drills induced thermal changes without significant differences between groups (p > .05). Drilling in cortical bone produced significant increase of the temperatures in a range of 1.8 ± 0.9°C compared with drilling in cancellous bone (p < .05). ΔT temperatures were significantly higher for test groups in cortical and cancellous bone (p < .05); ΔT10 for all groups showed a reduction of the temperature in a range of 1.7 ± 0.3°C without significant differences between groups (p > .05); the mean time to accomplish drilling was significantly longer in the control group (p < .05); test groups took 10 ± 0.3 seconds less to reach the required drilling depth. PTV values were higher in test groups compared with controls (p < .05).ConclusionsThe multistepped drills used for single‐stage implant site preparation
Increase temperature as in comparison with a conventional incremental protocol;
Induce the temperature increment in cortical bone compared with the cancellous bone;
Reduce drilling time when a multistepped drill is used alone; and
Increase implant stability twofold compared with a conventional incremental protocol.
Desmosomal defects in acantholytic squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: O'Shea Charlene , Fitzpatrick James E. , Koch Peter J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundAcantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (Acantholytic SCC) are epithelial tumors characterized by a loss of cell adhesion between neoplastic keratinocytes. The mechanism underlying loss of cell‐cell adhesion in these tumors is not understood.MethodsA retrospective analysis of acantholytic SCC (n = 17) and conventional SCC (n = 16, controls not showing acantholysis) was conducted using a set of desmosomal and adherens junction protein antibodies. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to identify tumors with loss of adhesion protein expression.ResultsThe vast majority of acantholytic SCC (89%) showed focal loss of at least one desmosomal cell adhesion protein. Most interestingly, 65% of these tumors lost expression of two or more desmosomal proteins.ConclusionsLoss of cell adhesion in acantholytic SCC is most likely linked to the focal loss of desmosomal protein expression, thus providing potential mechanistic insight into the patho‐mechanism underlying this malignancy.
Brazil cannot risk its environmental leadership
Authors: Loyola Rafael 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBrazil is an international environmental leader that has led important negotiations to set sustainable development targets over the last decade. However, in terms of national policies, Brazil is consistently making decisions that go against the global policies it ratifies. For instance, Brazilian governors have recently revised the Brazilian Forest Act ‐ its main environmental legislation on private land, reduced the area covered by some protected areas and allowed the creation of new hydropower plants on undisturbed Amazonian rivers, and have plans to open indigenous reserves to mining. Among other consequences, these controversial actions made by national leaders may increase CO2 emissions and propel a massive loss of species, with irreversible consequences to the provision of ecosystem services and goods. In this paper, I present inconsistent actions made by policy and decision makers in Brazil and argue for a more focused environmental decision in Brazil, which matches the country's international position as a leader and that could help Brazil to achieve the status of a biodiversity superpower.
Risk score to predict mortality in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Zhao Chen , Luo Qimei , Xia Xi , He Feng , Peng Fenfen , Yu Xueqing , Huang Fengxian 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundPatients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) have high all‐cause mortality risk that varies extensively among different conditions. The objective of this study was to develop and validate risk models to predict the 2‐year all‐cause mortality risks of CAPD patients.Material and methodsA total of 1354 patients who received CAPD treatment > 3 months from a single dialysis centre were enrolled into the study from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2011 and followed up until June 30, 2013. The dataset was randomly divided into the derivation dataset (2/3, n = 903) and the validation dataset (1/3, n = 451). Baseline information, including demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions and laboratory data, was recorded and included in the models. Risk models were developed using Cox proportional hazards regression. C‐statistic, Akaike Information Criterion, Hosmer‐Lemeshow χ2 test and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were performed to evaluate model prediction and validation.ResultsDuring the entire follow‐up period, 175 (19·38%) and 85 (18·85%) patients died in the derivation and validation datasets respectively. A model that included age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diastolic blood pressure, serum albumin, serum creatinine, phosphate, haemoglobin and fasting blood glucose demonstrated good discrimination in the derivation and validation datasets to predict 2‐year all‐cause mortality (C‐statistic, 0·790 and 0·759, respectively). In the validation dataset, the above model performed good calibration (χ2 = 2·08, P = 0·98) and NRI (7·37% compared with model 2, P = 0·05).ConclusionsThe risk model can accurately predict 2‐year all‐cause mortality in Chinese CAPD patients and external validation is needed in future.
Detritusphere effects on P availability and C mineralization in soil
Authors: de Neergaard A. , Magid J. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis paper investigates two possible processes in the detritusphere: the effect of various fresh plant materials on extractable phosphorus in soil and the effect of decomposing litter on mineralization of soil microbial residues. The objective was to quantify these two poorly‐studied processes. The work was done in a soil at two different fertility levels following 30 years of different fertilizer practice, as we have previously observed effects of fertilizer history on soil carbon dynamics. We incubated fresh leaf material fromLupinus, RaphanusandRumexseparated from the soil by a fine mesh. At 4, 7, 14 and 28 days after incubation, extractable phosphate was measured in 1‐mm soil layers at increasing distance from the litter. In order to establish a labelled microbial residue pool, the soil had been labelled with14C‐glucose 3 weeks prior to incubation, and respiration was measured throughout the incubation. Extractable soil phosphorus (P) increased up to 3 mm from the litter layer, most inRumexand least inLupinus. Extractable soil P increased throughout the sampling period, corresponding to a maximum of 20% of the P lost from the plant litter layer. Measurement of residue‐derived organic acids in the soil showed no specific pattern. The study did not indicate any solubilization of soil P as the increase in soluble P can be fully accounted for by leakage from the litter. Mineralization of soil14Cin the form of microbial biomass and microbial residues was significantly accelerated by the addition of litter. The magnitude was correlated with decomposition of the plant litter, and corresponded to a maximum of 5% of the soil14C. Because of the localized impact of litter on the detritusphere soil layer, the impact on soil14Cin this soil fraction was potentially even greater. In conclusion, the decomposition of litter had significant effects on soil carbon mineralization, although we could not demonstrate an effect of plant‐derived compounds on soil P availability, beyond the direct contribution of litter P.
HLA‐B*15:02 association with carbamazepine‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in an Indian population: a pooled‐data analysis and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khor Amy Hui‐Ping , Lim Kheng‐Seang , Tan Chong‐Tin , Wong Su‐Ming , Ng Ching‐Ching 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and association of HLA‐B*15:02 with carbamazepine‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (CBZ‐SJS/TEN) in the Indian population in Malaysia, which mostly originated from Southern India. HLA‐B alleles in five Indian case patients with CBZ‐SJS/TEN and 52 CBZ‐tolerant controls, and followed by a pooled sample of seven cases from two centers in Malaysia were analyzed. Positive association for HLA‐B*15:02 with CBZ‐SJS/TEN was detected in Indians (40% [2/5] vs. 3.8% [2/52], odds ratio [OR] 16.7, p = 0.0349), of which 80% (4/5) of the Indian patients originated from Southern India. A pooled sample of seven cases showed stronger association between HLA‐B*15:02 and CBZ‐SJS/TEN (57.1% [4/7] vs. 3.8% [2/52], OR 33.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.25–162.21, p = 1.05 × 10−3). Subsequent meta‐analysis on Indians from Malaysia and India further demonstrated a significant and strong association between HLA‐B*15:02 and CBZ‐SJS/TEN (OR 38.54; 95% CI 6.83–217.34, p < 1.0 × 10−4). Our study is the first on Indians predominantly from Southern India that demonstrated HLA‐B*15:02 as a strong risk factor for CBZ‐SJS/TEN despite a low population allele frequency. This stressed the importance of testing for HLA‐B*15:02, irrespective of the ancestral background, including populations with low allele frequency.
Resection of individually identified high‐rate high‐frequency oscillations region is associated with favorable outcome in neocortical epilepsy
Authors: Cho Jounhong Ryan , Koo Dae Lim , Joo Eun Yeon , Seo Dae Won , Hong Seung‐Chyul , Jiruska Premysl , Hong Seung Bong 
Published: September 2014

SummaryObjectivesHigh‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) represent a novel electrophysiologic marker of endogenous epileptogenicity. Clinically, this propensity can be utilized to more accurately delineate the resection margin before epilepsy surgery. Currently, prospective application of HFOs is limited because of a lack of an exact quantitative measure to reliably identify HFO‐generating areas necessary to include in the resection. Here, we evaluated the potential of a patient‐individualized approach of identifying high‐rate HFO regions to plan the neocortical resection.MethodsFifteen patients with neocortical seizure‐onset zones (SOZs) underwent intracranial electroencephalographic monitoring. To identify interictal HFOs, we applied an automated, hypersensitive HFO‐detection algorithm followed by post hoc processing steps to reject false detections. The spatial relationship between HFO distribution and the SOZ was evaluated. To address high interpatient variability in HFO properties, we evaluated the high‐rate HFO region, an unbiased statistical parameter, in each patient. The relationship between resection of the high‐rate HFO region and postoperative outcome was examined.ResultsGrouped data demonstrated that the rate of ripple (60–200 Hz) and fast ripple (200–500 Hz) was increased in the SOZ (both p < 0.01). Intrapatient analysis of the HFO distribution localized the SOZ in 11 patients. High‐rate HFO regions were determined in all patients by an individually adjusted threshold. Resection of high‐rate HFO regions was significantly associated with a seizure‐free outcome (p < 0.01). The extent/ratio of SOZ or spiking region resection did not differ between seizure‐free and seizure‐persistent groups.SignificanceIntrapatient analysis of high‐rate HFOs provides more detailed description of HFO‐generating areas and can mark the areas of clinically significant epileptogenicity—a crucial component of the neocortical epileptic network that should be removed to achieve a good outcome. Validating and adopting an unbiased quantitative HFO parameter has the potential to propel wider and prospective utilization of HFOs in the surgical treatment of neocortical epilepsy and to improve its outcome.