bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of vacuum compression therapy on lower limb vascular parameters in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Khadir AMK Sheik Abdul , Chatterjee Suneeti P 
Published: September 2015

Background/Aims: Vacuum compression therapy (VCT) is used as an adjunct to the treatment of diabetic ulcers. This study assessed the efficacy of VCT on lower limb vascular parameters in people with type 2 diabetes who do not have ulcers in comparison with conventional therapy for diabetes. Methods: Forty patients who had diabetes for at least 5 years were included in the study. Thorough foot evaluations, including assessments of motor, sensory and circulatory functions, were carried out. Over 4 weeks, those in the intervention group (n=20) received conventional diabetes care plus VCT and those in the control group (n=20) received conventional diabetes care alone. The circulatory function of all participants was assessed using the ankle–brachial index, skin temperature at the dorsum of the foot and capillary refill time measurements at the initial assessment, after 2 weeks of therapy, after the completion of treatment (after 4 weeks) and at 1 month follow-up post-treatment. Results were analysed using repeated ANOVA measures (CI 95%, p<0.05). Results: Statistically significant improvements were seen in foot circulation in participants in the intervention group compared with the control group, which was maintained at 1 month follow-up after therapy had been stopped. Conclusion: VCT is an effective treatment modality to improve lower limb vascular parameters in people with type 2 diabetes and may help to prevent ulcer formation.
Neural networks as a tool for modeling of biological systems
Authors: Tadeusiewicz Ryszard 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Neural networks become very popular as a tool for modeling of numerous systems, including technological, economical, sociological, psychological, and even political ones. On the contrary, neural networks are models of neural structures and neural processes observed in a real brain. However, for modeling of real neural structures and real neural processes occurring in a living brain, neural networks are too simplified and too primitive. Nevertheless, neural networks can be used for modeling the behavior of many biological systems and structures. Such models are not useful for explanation, taking into account the biological systems and processes, but can be very useful for the analysis of such system behavior, including the prognosis of future results of selected activities (e.g. the prognosis of results of different therapies for modeled illnesses). In this paper, selected examples of such models and their applications are presented.
Modeling the Fischer–Tropsch Product Distribution and Model Implementation
Authors: Hillestad Magne 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to provide a framework to model a consistent product distribution from the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. We assume the products follow the Anderson–Schulz–Flory distribution and that there is no chain limitation. Deviation from the ASF distribution is taken into account. In order to implement such a model it is necessary to aggregate reactions into a finite number of reactions and to group components into lumps of components. Here, the component distribution within each lump is described by three parameters, and it is shown how these parameters are modeled. The method gives a considerable reduction of dimensionality and it is demonstrated that the component distribution within the lumps can be reconstructed with accuracy.
Approximation properties for noncommutative Lp
-spaces of high rank lattices and nonembeddability of expanders
Authors: de Laat Tim , de la Salle Mikael 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This article contains two rigidity type results for

SL
⁢

(
n
,
ℤ
)

{\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z})}

for large n that share the same proof. Firstly, we prove that for every

p
∈

[
1
,
∞
]

{p\in[1,\infty]}

different from 2, the noncommutative

L
p

{L^{p}}

-space associated with

SL
⁢

(
n
,
ℤ
)

{\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z})}

does not have the completely bounded approximation property for sufficiently large n depending on p.
The second result concerns the coarse embeddability of expander families constructed from

SL
⁢

(
n
,
ℤ
)

{\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z})}

. Let X be a Banach space and suppose that there exist

β
<

1
2

{\beta<\frac{1}{2}}

and

C
>
0

{C>0}

such that the Banach–Mazur distance to a Hilbert space of all k-dimensional subspaces of X is bounded above by

C
⁢

k
β

{Ck^{\beta}}

. Then the expander family constructed from

SL
⁢

(
n
,
ℤ
)

{\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z})}

does not coarsely embed into X for sufficiently large n depending on X.
More generally, we prove that both results hold for lattices in connected simple real Lie groups with sufficiently high real rank.
Enhancing effect of cimetidine on peroxidase activity of human erythrocyte hemoglobin
Authors: Delasoud Shabnam , Minai-Tehrani Dariush , Mollasalehi Hamidreza 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background: Hemoglobin is released to the serum after erythrocyte lyses. Haptoglobin is responsible for carrying hemoglobin into the serum. In hemolytic disease, the amount of hemoglobin which is released to the serum is high; however, the amount of haptoglobin is not enough for binding all the released hemoglobins. Free hemoglobin has peroxidase activity (a pseudoenzyme) and has been indicated to be harmful for patients. This study is focused on the effect of cimetidine on peroxidase activity of hemoglobin.

Methods: Erythrocytes were lysed to obtain hemoglobin. Peroxidase activity of hemoglobin was detected using o-dianisidine and H2O2 as substrates.

Results: Our results showed that the drug operated as an activator for the pseudoenzyme. Cimetidine bound to the pseudoperoxidase in an un-competitive manner and decreased the Km. Half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of cimetidine was determined to be about 12.5 mM. Alkaline pH increased the rate of reaction. Arrhenius plot showed that the activation energies of reactions in the absence and presence of drug were about 10.5 kJ/mol and 7.65 kJ/mol, respectively.

Conclusions: The results demonstrated that cimetidine activates the peroxidase activity of free hemoglobin. Hence, it is suggested that the prescription of cimetidine for the patients with hemolyses diseases may enhance the harmful effects of free hemoglobin in these patients.
Physical Layer Impairment Model for CO-OFDM System Considering Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Four-wave Mixing
Authors: Fu Minglei , Meng Ke , Chai Zhicheng , Liu Yuling , Le Zichun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIt’s known that different physical impairments can occur in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system. Not only linear impairments but also nonlinear impairments can cause significant signal degradations. It is important to analyze the physical layer impairment (PLI) model which should consider these impairments. In this paper, a new PLI model is developed, where amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) categorized to linear impairments and four-wave mixing (FWM) categorized to nonlinear impairments are regarded as the main noise sources. The performance of developed PLI model in terms of Q factor versus number of subcarriers and Q factor versus fiber length are extensively simulated. Numerical results show that when the OFDM signal passes through fiber link, the noise power expansion occurs. This expansion which is related to the fiber length, number of subcarriers as well as input power, can cause higher degradation in OFDM signal. Through precise analysis, optimum parameters of the transmission system can be chosen. Simulations prove that Q factor of CO-OFDM, whose number of subcarriers is 128, fiber length is 90 km and input power is −2 dBm, is up to abound 10 dB. In addition, in order to verify the developed PLI model, comparisons of the situation with and without considering FWM effects have also been made respectively. Results show that the performance of the model conforms to the actual conditions.
Person markers in Gutob
Authors: Voß Judith 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGutob is notorious for its variable placement of agreement markers. Gutob has independent pronouns and, for first and second persons, postverbal pronominal clitics which function as subject agreement markers. The placement of the pronominal clitics is quite complex, and has not been studied extensively. Pronominal clitics cannot only attach to verbs, but also to certain adverbs preceding the predicate. Furthermore, the placement of pronominal clitics within the verb complex varies considerably between different auxiliary constructions. The aim of this article is to present a new analysis of person markers in Gutob. Firstly, a discussion of the placement of person markers in sentences with different types of predicates will be given. Secondly, person markers at different positions will be compared on the basis of co-occurrence possibilities and morphosyntactic criteria. It will be argued that person markers in sentence-initial and postverbal position fall into two separate categories: independent pronouns and agreement markers. However, preverbal person markers cannot be assigned to either category, as they share features of both.
Designing active vehicle suspension system using critic-based control strategy
Authors: Akraminia Mahdi , Tatari Milad , Fard Mohammad , Jazar Reza N. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, an adaptive critic-based neurofuzzy controller is presented for a 2 DOF active vehicle suspension system with a servo hydraulic actuator. Fuzzy critic-based learning is a reinforcement learning method based on dynamic programming. The only information available for the critic agent is the system feedback, which is interpreted as the last action performed by the controller in the previous state. The signal produced by the critic agent is used alongside the algorithm of error back propagation to tune online conclusion parts of the fuzzy inference rules of the adaptive controller. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of this control method in terms of well disturbance rejection, improved ride comfort, robustness to model uncertainty and lower controller cost.
Exact traveling wave solutions of partial differential equations with power law nonlinearity
Authors: Aminikhah H. , Pourreza Ziabary B. , Rezazadeh H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we applied the functional variable method for four famous partial differential equations with power lawnonlinearity. These equations are included the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili, (3+1)-Zakharov-Kuznetsov, Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Peregrine and Boussinesq equations. Various exact traveling wave solutions of these equations are obtained that include the hyperbolic function solutions and the trigonometric function solutions. The solutions shown that this method provides a very effective, simple and powerful mathematical tool for solving nonlinear equations in various fields of applied sciences.
Energy Release Rate of Piezoelectric Laminated Cylindrical Shell with Delamination under Circumferential Concentrated Load
Authors: Jinhua Yang , Wenliang Fan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe delamination growth may occur in piezoelectric laminated shell with delamination under a combined electro-thermo-mechanical loading. Based on the piezoelectric theory, the variational principle of moving boundary and considering the contact effect between delamination regions, the nonlinear governing equations for the piezoelectric laminated shell with delamination under hygrothermal condition are derived, and the corresponding boundary and matching conditions are given as well. At the same time, according to the Griffith criterion, the formula of energy release rate along the delamination front is obtained and the delamination growth is studied. In the numerical calculation, the energy release rate and delamination growth of axisymmetrical piezoelectric cylindrical shell are analyzed, and a parametric study is conducted, showing the effects of geometric nonlinear, voltage, temperature and humidity, mechanical load, delamination length and depth, geometrical parameter and material property on energy release rate.
Archäologie eines Textes: Die Menander-Sentenzen in syrischen Spruchsammlungen
Authors: Arzhanov Yury 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe preserved palimpsests give evidence for the presence of the texts of Menander in the Syriac school tradition in Late Antiquity. Two Syriac gnomologies under the name of Menander develop the Hellenistic tradition of combining Greek moral philosophy with Jewish wisdom literature. Thus they reflect the process of the Jewish and Christian reception of the Late Antique παιδεία, where the texts of Menander were used for educational purposes. The Syriac collections, like ancient hills in archeology, preserve several cultural strata that come to light through source analysis and could be traced back to the Greek moral philosophy, Jewish wisdom literature, and Christian ascetic writings preserved or written in Syriac
Selbstverständnis und Bildungsauftrag der Schule von Nisibis
Authors: Possekel Ute 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe School of Nisibis was a prominent center of Christian learning in the Sasanid Empire. It inspired the foundation of schools elsewhere in the Persian realm and also influenced intellectuals in the Graeco-Roman world. This article outlines the school’s history from the fifth through the early seventh century, highlights its contribution to church life and monasticism, and describes the life at the school based on the Statutes and other contemporary documents. Particular attention is given to the Preface of the Statutes, which reflects the community’s self-understanding in the early seventh century, a time when the school reconstituted itself after a divisive dispute surrounding its director Ḥenana. The article argues that the school should not be regarded as a kind of monastery (as has sometimes been suggested), but is better understood as an institution of Christian higher education. The school’s motivation ultimately was a theological one: to exemplify and contribute to the salvation historical process, which was envisioned as an ongoing process of learning, directed by God as divine pedagogue
Visual Experience Is Required for the Development of Eye Movement Maps in the Mouse Superior Colliculus
Authors: Wang Lupeng , Liu Mingna , Segraves Mark A. , Cang Jianhua 
Published: September 2015

Topographic maps are a fundamental feature of the brain's representations of the sensory environment as well as an efficient way to organize motor control networks. Although great progress has been made in our understanding of sensory map development, very little is known about how topographic representations for motor control develop and interface with sensory maps. Here we map the representation for eye movements in the superior colliculus (SC) in awake mice. As stimulation sites were sampled along the anterior–posterior axis, small amplitude, nasally directed (ipsiversive) saccadic eye movements were evoked by microstimulation in anterior SC, followed by a smooth progression to large, temporally directed (contraversive) movements in posterior SC. This progressive change of movement amplitude and direction is consistent with the global polarity of the retinotopic map in the superficial SC, just as in primates and cats. We then investigated the role of visual experience in the development of eye movement map by studying mice reared in complete darkness. Saccades evoked by SC stimulation as well as spontaneous saccadic eye movements were larger in the dark-reared mice, indicating that visual experience is required to fine-tune the gain of saccades and to establish normal eye movement maps in the SC. Our experiments provide a foundation for future studies to investigate the synaptic organization and developmental mechanisms of sensorimotor transformations in mice.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe superior colliculus (SC) is a midbrain structure important for multisensory integration and sensorimotor transformation. Here we have studied eye movement representations in the SC of mice, a species that has become a popular model in vision research because of available genetic tools. Our studies show mice make saccadic eye movements spontaneously and in response to SC stimulation. The mouse SC contains an eye movement map that has the same global polarity as the overlaying visual map, just like in cats and primates. Furthermore, we show that visual experience is required for establishing the normal eye movement map. Our study provides a necessary basis for future mechanistic studies of how SC motor maps develop and become aligned with sensory maps.
Representation of Color Surfaces in V1: Edge Enhancement and Unfilled Holes
Authors: Zweig Shay , Zurawel Guy , Shapley Robert , Slovin Hamutal 
Published: September 2015

The neuronal mechanism underlying the representation of color surfaces in primary visual cortex (V1) is not well understood. We tested on color surfaces the previously proposed hypothesis that visual perception of uniform surfaces is mediated by an isomorphic, filled-in representation in V1. We used voltage-sensitive-dye imaging in fixating macaque monkeys to measure V1 population responses to spatially uniform chromatic (red, green, or blue) and achromatic (black or white) squares of different sizes (0.5°–8°) presented for 300 ms. Responses to both color and luminance squares early after stimulus onset were similarly edge-enhanced: for squares 1° and larger, regions corresponding to edges were activated much more than those corresponding to the center. At later times after stimulus onset, responses to achromatic squares' centers increased, partially “filling-in” the V1 representation of the center. The rising phase of the center response was slower for larger squares. Surprisingly, the responses to color squares behaved differently. For color squares of all sizes, responses remained edge-enhanced throughout the stimulus. There was no filling-in of the center. Our results imply that uniform filled-in representations of surfaces in V1 are not required for the perception of uniform surfaces and that chromatic and achromatic squares are represented differently in V1.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe used voltage-sensitive dye imaging from V1 of behaving monkeys to test the hypothesis that visual perception of uniform surfaces is mediated by an isomorphic, filled-in representation. We found that the early population responses to chromatic and achromatic surfaces are edge enhanced, emphasizing the importance of edges in surface processing. Next, we show for color surfaces that responses remained edge-enhanced throughout the stimulus presentation whereas response to luminance surfaces showed a slow neuronal ‘filling-in’ of the center. Our results suggest that isomorphic representation is not a general code for uniform surfaces in V1.
Medial–Frontal Stimulation Enhances Learning in Schizophrenia by Restoring Prediction Error Signaling
Authors: Reinhart Robert M.G. , Zhu Julia , Park Sohee , Woodman Geoffrey F. 
Published: September 2015

Posterror learning, associated with medial–frontal cortical recruitment in healthy subjects, is compromised in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we report novel evidence for the mechanisms underlying learning dysfunctions in schizophrenia. We show that, by noninvasively passing direct current through human medial–frontal cortex, we could enhance the event-related potential related to learning from mistakes (i.e., the error-related negativity), a putative index of prediction error signaling in the brain. Following this causal manipulation of brain activity, the patients learned a new task at a rate that was indistinguishable from healthy individuals. Moreover, the severity of delusions interacted with the efficacy of the stimulation to improve learning. Our results demonstrate a causal link between disrupted prediction error signaling and inefficient learning in schizophrenia. These findings also demonstrate the feasibility of nonpharmacological interventions to address cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen there is a difference between what we expect to happen and what we actually experience, our brains generate a prediction error signal, so that we can map stimuli to responses and predict outcomes accurately. Theories of schizophrenia implicate abnormal prediction error signaling in the cognitive deficits of the disorder. Here, we combine noninvasive brain stimulation with large-scale electrophysiological recordings to establish a causal link between faulty prediction error signaling and learning deficits in schizophrenia. We show that it is possible to improve learning rate, as well as the neural signature of prediction error signaling, in patients to a level quantitatively indistinguishable from that of healthy subjects. The results provide mechanistic insight into schizophrenia pathophysiology and suggest a future therapy for this condition.
The Mediator subunit MED23 couples H2B mono‐ubiquitination to transcriptional control and cell fate determination
Authors: Yao Xiao , Tang Zhanyun , Fu Xing , Yin Jingwen , Liang Yan , Li Chonghui , Li Huayun , Tian Qing , Roeder Robert G , Wang Gang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Mediator complex orchestrates multiple transcription factors with the Pol II apparatus for precise transcriptional control. However, its interplay with the surrounding chromatin remains poorly understood. Here, we analyze differential histone modifications between WT and MED23−/− (KO) cells and identify H2B mono‐ubiquitination at lysine 120 (H2Bub) as a MED23‐dependent histone modification. Using tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry, we find that MED23 associates with the RNF20/40 complex, the enzyme for H2Bub, and show that this association is critical for the recruitment of RNF20/40 to chromatin. In a cell‐free system, Mediator directly and substantially increases H2Bub on recombinant chromatin through its cooperation with RNF20/40 and the PAF complex. Integrative genome‐wide analyses show that MED23 depletion specifically reduces H2Bub on a subset of MED23‐controlled genes. Importantly, MED23‐coupled H2Bub levels are oppositely regulated during myogenesis and lung carcinogenesis. In sum, these results establish a mechanistic link between the Mediator complex and a critical chromatin modification in coordinating transcription with cell growth and differentiation.
Transient Materialization: Ephemeral, Material-Oriented Digital Fabrication
Authors: Wang Shih-Yuan , Sheng Yu-Ting , Barchiesi Alex , Huang Jeffrey 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the relationship between digital and material-based fabrications in architecture. The notion of transient materialization proposes that immaterial architecture is a trigger for investigating new possibilities for digital fabrication through space and time. This project is mainly inspired by the beauty of nature, focusing on soap foam bubbles, which have an n-hedron structure and are usually blown by air. The paper questions this structure’s materiality, examines its physical performance and ephemeral characteristics, and expands on its meaning through an experiment in digital fabrication. In addition, we present the first phase of this technology, in which an anti-gravity and programmable foam structure was achieved. The experiment demonstrates the different shapes possible for dynamic and transient soap foam structures.