bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dendritic morphology changes in neurons from the ventral hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens in rats with neonatal lesions into the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Lazcano Zayda , Solis Oscar , Díaz Alfonso , Brambila Eduardo , Aguilar‐Alonso Patricia , Guevara Jorge , Flores Gonzalo 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTNeonatal prefrontal cortex (nPFC) lesions in rats could be a potential animal model to study the early neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with the behavioral and morphological brain changes observed in schizophrenia. Morphological alterations in pyramidal neurons from the ventral hippocampus (VH) have been observed in post‐mortem schizophrenic brains, mainly because of decreased dendritic arbor and spine density. We assessed the effects of nPFC‐lesions on the dendritic morphology of neurons from the VH, basolateral‐amygdala (BLA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in rats. nPFC lesions were made on postnatal day 7 (PD7), after dendritic morphology was studied by the Golgi‐Cox stain procedure followed by Sholl analysis at PD35 (prepubertal) and PD60 (adult) ages. We also evaluated the effects of PFC‐lesions on locomotor activity caused by a novel environment. Adult animals with nPFC lesions showed a decreased spine density in pyramidal neurons from the VH and in medium spiny cells from the NAcc. An increased locomotion was observed in a novel environment for adult animals with a PFC‐lesion. Our results indicate that PFC‐lesions alter the neuronal dendrite morphology of the NAcc and the VH, suggesting a disconnection between these limbic structures. The locomotion paradigms suggest that dopaminergic transmission is altered in the PFC lesion model. This could help to understand the consequences of an earlier PFC dysfunction in schizophrenia. To evaluate possible dendritic changes in neonatal prefrontal cortex lesions in schizophrenia‐related regions including nucleus accumbens, ventral hippocampus and basolateral amygdala, we used the Golgi‐Cox stain samples at PD35 and PD70. Our results suggest that neonatal prefrontal cortex damage alters dendritic parameters in limbic regions, and this has potential implications for schizophrenia. Synapse 69:314–325, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interobserver agreement and accuracy of non‐invasive diagnosis of endometriosis by transvaginal sonography
Authors: Tammaa A. , Fritzer N. , Lozano P. , Krell A. , Salzer H. , Salama M. , Hudelist G. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate interobserver agreement and accuracy of transvaginal sonography (TVS) in diagnosing deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and endometriomas.MethodsA total of 67 consecutive patients referred to a pelvic pain clinic and scheduled for laparoscopy were enrolled in the study between January 2013 and January 2014. Patients were independently examined prospectively by two experienced sonographers (Observers A and B) who were blinded to the other's results. For the two observers, Gwet's first‐order agreement coefficient (Gwet's AC1) was used to calculate interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy, as well as sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values using TVS, as compared to laparoscopy, for diagnosing DIE and endometriomas.ResultsAmong the 67 patients enrolled, 65 were analyzed. For the diagnosis of DIE and endometriomas by TVS, the level of agreement (Gwet's AC1) between Observers A and B and sensitivity/specificity values for the respective Observers were, by site: vagina (Gwet's AC1, 0.933; 62%/94% and 82%/94%), bladder (Gwet's AC1, 1.00; 67%/97% and 67%/97%), uterosacral ligaments (Gwet's AC1, 0.84; 73%/83% and 53%/90%), adnexa (Gwet's AC1, 0.95; 71%/93% and 71%/93%), rectovaginal septum (Gwet's AC1, 0.95; 40%/90% and 33%/87%) and rectosigmoid (Gwet's AC1, 0.98; 93%/96% and 94%/98%) which reflected high interobserver agreement. With the exception of sensitivity of diagnosis of DIE affecting the RVS, similar results were observed when TVS was compared with laparoscopy.ConclusionsTVS is a highly accurate and reproducible method for non‐invasive diagnosis of DIE by well‐trained professionals. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Rockslide and Impulse Wave Modelling in the Vajont Reservoir by DEM-CFD Analyses
Authors: Zhao T. , Utili S. , Crosta G. B. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper investigates the generation of hydrodynamic water waves due to rockslides plunging into a water reservoir. Quasi-3D DEM analyses in plane strain by a coupled DEM-CFD code are adopted to simulate the rockslide from its onset to the impact with the still water and the subsequent generation of the wave. The employed numerical tools and upscaling of hydraulic properties allow predicting a physical response in broad agreement with the observations notwithstanding the assumptions and characteristics of the adopted methods. The results obtained by the DEM-CFD coupled approach are compared to those published in the literature and those presented by Crosta et al. (Landslide spreading, impulse waves and modelling of the Vajont rockslide. Rock mechanics, 2014) in a companion paper obtained through an ALE-FEM method. Analyses performed along two cross sections are representative of the limit conditions of the eastern and western slope sectors. The max rockslide average velocity and the water wave velocity reach ca. 22 and 20 m/s, respectively. The maximum computed run up amounts to ca. 120 and 170 m for the eastern and western lobe cross sections, respectively. These values are reasonably similar to those recorded during the event (i.e. ca. 130 and 190 m, respectively). Therefore, the overall study lays out a possible DEM-CFD framework for the modelling of the generation of the hydrodynamic wave due to the impact of a rapid moving rockslide or rock–debris avalanche.
Mulberry Seed Oil: a Rich Source of δ‐Tocopherol
Authors: Yılmaz Mehmet Ali , Durmaz Gökhan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn the present study, mulberry seed oil (MSO) samples obtained from seeds of different mulberry varieties as well as concentrated mulberry juice production waste (mulberry pomace) were investigated. Radical scavenging capacity, tocopherol and total phenolic content of MSO were determined. It was observed that MSO contain unique amounts of δ‐tocopherol varying between 1645–2587 mg kg−1 oil depending on the variety. The secondary tocopherol homologue was γ‐tocopherol within a concentration range of 299–854 mg kg−1 oil. MSO exhibited a very high antioxidant capacity varying in the range of 1013–1743 and 2574–4522 mg α‐tocopherol equivalents (α‐TE) per kg of oil for 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and freeze‐dried 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (FD‐ABTS) radical cation assays, respectively. Both antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content were higher for mulberry pomace oil compared with the seed oils. Fatty acid composition of MSO was also determined, and linoleic acid was found to be the primary fatty acid (66–80 %).
Psychological Distress After Orthopedic Trauma: Prevalence in Patients and Implications for Rehabilitation
Authors: Vincent Heather K. , Horodyski MaryBeth , Vincent Kevin R. , Brisbane Sonya T. , Sadasivan Kalia K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOrthopedic trauma is an unforeseen life‐changing event. Serious injuries include multiple fractures and amputation. Physical rehabilitation has traditionally focused on addressing functional deficits after traumatic injury, but important psychological factors also can dramatically affect acute and long‐term recovery. This review presents the effects of orthopedic trauma on psychological distress, potential interventions for distress reduction after trauma, and implications for participation in rehabilitation. Survivors commonly experience post‐traumatic stress syndrome, depression, and anxiety, all of which interfere with functional gains and quality of life. More than 50% of survivors have psychological distress that can last decades after the physical injury has been treated. Early identification of patients with distress can help care teams provide the resources and support to offset the distress. Several options that help trauma patients navigate their short‐term recovery include holistic approaches, pastoral care, coping skills, mindfulness, peer visitation, and educational resources. The long‐term physical and mental health of the trauma survivor can be enhanced by strategies that connect the survivor to a network of people with similar experiences or injuries, facilitate support groups, and social support networking (The Trauma Survivors Network). Rehabilitation specialists can help optimize patient outcomes and quality of life by participating in and advocating these strategies.
Perceived Quality of Life With Spinal Cord Injury: A Comparison Between Emergency Medicine and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physicians
Authors: Cushman Daniel M. , Thomas Katrina , Mukherjee Debjani , Johnson Reid , Spill Gayle 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the attitudes of health care providers who treat patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and examine whether Emergency Medicine (EM) and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) physicians differ in their judgments about quality of life (QOL) after SCI.DesignQuestionnaire survey of PM&R and EM physicians.ParticipantsBoard‐certified PM&R and EM physicians listed in the American Academy of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and the American College of Emergency Physicians and/or faculty from academic PM&R and EM departments in the United States and Canada.Main Outcome MeasurementsEvaluating various aspects of perceived QOL if the physician hypothetically sustained an SCI, including impact on leisure activities, social relationships, happiness, meaningful work, satisfying sexual relationships, and overall QOL.ResultsA total of 91 EM physicians and 89 PM&R physicians completed the surveys. PM&R physicians were more likely to agree that they would have a better QOL compared with EM physicians, regardless of the level of injury or aspect of life (P < .01 in all cases). Female physicians, regardless of specialty, were more likely to choose a lower level at which they would choose to die, rather than live, if they sustained an SCI (P = .03). Physicians in both groups were more likely to disagree that they would have a high QOL at a lower level of injury if they disagreed at a higher level of injury (P ≤ .02).ConclusionsRegardless of specialty, PM&R and EM physicians have their own personal perceptions of QOL with SCI. PM&R physicians tend to believe that they would have a higher QOL with an SCI compared with EM physicians and likely have a more optimistic view of SCI. Patient care may be improved by interdisciplinary discussion, as evidenced by the disparity exhibited by practitioners in these 2 specialties who care for the same patient population.
Variability of the Ischiofemoral Space Relative to Femur Position: An Ultrasound Study
Authors: Finnoff Jonathan T. , Bond Jeffrey R. , Collins Mark S. , Sellon Jacob L. , Hollman John H. , Wempe Michael K. , Smith Jay 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundIschiofemoral impingement is caused by compression of the quadratus femoris muscle between the ischial tuberosity and lesser trochanter. The evaluation of ischiofemoral impingement includes radiologic studies to evaluate the ischiofemoral space dimensions. No prior study has evaluated the effect of femoral position on ischiofemoral space dimensions.ObjectiveTo determine whether the dimensions of the ischiofemoral space vary with changes in femoral position.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingAcademic institution.ParticipantsSix male and four female subjects with no hip pain and no history of hip disorders or surgery were selected to participate in the study. The subjects' mean age was 31.5 years; mean height, 176.8 cm; mean weight, 70.2 kg; and mean body mass index, 23.6 kg/m2.MethodsUltrasound was used to measure the ischiofemoral space in bilateral gluteal regions of each volunteer. The volunteers underwent imaging in a prone position. The ischiofemoral space was measured with the femur in 9 different positions created through various combinations of frontal (15° abduction, neutral, and 15° adduction) and transverse (30° internal rotation, neutral, and 30° external rotation) plane hip motions.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe narrowest ischiofemoral interval, defined as the narrowest distance between the medial cortex of the lesser trochanter and the lateral cortex of the ischial tuberosity.ResultsThe anatomic landmarks used to measure the ischiofemoral space were easily identified in all subjects. The frontal plane main effect (F2,18 = 38.611) was statistically significant (P < .001), as was the transverse plane main effect (F2,18 = 82.452, P < .001). These findings indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in ischiofemoral space according to hip position in the frontal and transverse planes. The largest ischiofemoral space measurement occurred with the hip in abduction and internal rotation (51.8 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], 49.2‐54.5 mm), whereas hip adduction and external rotation resulted in the narrowest ischiofemoral space measurement (30.8 mm; 95% CI, 25.5‐36.0 mm). The largest difference was between the adduction‐external rotation and the abduction‐internal rotation positions (mean difference = 21.1 mm; 95% CI, 13.7‐28.5 mm; P < .001), and the smallest difference was between the adducted‐neutral rotation and the abducted‐external rotation positions (mean difference = 0.23 mm; 95% CI, ‐8.07‐8.55 mm; P = .99).ConclusionsFemoral position affects ischiofemoral space dimensions. The ischiofemoral space widens with abduction and internal rotation and narrows with adduction and external rotation, and thus femoral position should be considered when imaging and measuring the ischiofemoral space.
Prediction of Physiological Responses and Performance at Altitude Using the 6-Minute Walk Test in Normoxia and Hypoxia
Authors: Gibson Oliver R. , Richardson Alan J. , Hayes Mark , Duncan Ben , Maxwell Neil S. 
Published: March 2015

Objective The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is a reliable and valid tool for determining an individual’s functional capacity, and has been used to predict summit success. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate whether a 6MWT in normobaric hypoxia could predict physiological responses and exercise performance at altitude. The secondary aim was to determine construct validity of the 6MWT for monitoring acclimatization to 3400 m (Cuzco, Peru). Methods Twenty-nine participants performed six 6MWTs in four conditions: normoxic outdoor (NO), normoxic treadmill (NT), and hypoxic treadmill (HT) were each performed once; and hypoxic outdoor (HO) was performed three times, at 42 hours (HO1), 138 hours (HO2), and 210 hours (HO3) after arrival at Cuzco. Results One-way analysis of variance revealed no difference ( P > .05) between NO and HO1 for 6MWT distance. HT and HO protocols were comparable for the measurement of delta heart rate (HR) and post-test peripheral oxygen saturation (%Spo2; P > .05). Acclimatization was evidenced by reductions ( P < .05) in resting HR and respiratory rate (RR) between HO1, HO2, and HO3, and preservation of Spo2 between HO1 and HO2. Postexercise HR and RR were not different ( P > .05) with acclimatization. The duration to ascend to 4215 m on a trek was moderately correlated ( P < .05) to HR during the trek and the 6MWT distance during HT; no other physiological markers predicted performance. Conclusions The 6MWT is a simple, time-efficient tool for predicting physiological responses to simulated and actual altitude, which are comparable. The 6MWT is effective at monitoring elements of acclimatization to moderate altitude.
When conifers took flight: a biomechanical evaluation of an imperfect evolutionary takeoff
Authors: Stevenson Robert A. , Evangelista Dennis , Looy Cindy V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractManifera talaris, a voltzian conifer from the late early to middle Permian (ca. 270 Ma) of Texas, is the earliest known conifer to produce winged seeds indicative of autorotating flight. In contrast to autorotating seeds and fruits of extant plants, the ones ofM. talarisare exceptional in that they have variable morphology. They bore two wings that produced a range of wing configurations, from seeds with two equal-sized wings to single-winged specimens, via various stages of underdevelopment of one of the wings. To examine the effects of various seed morphologies on aerodynamics and dispersal potential, we studied the flight performance of paper models of three morphotypes: symmetric double-winged, asymmetric double-winged, and single-winged. Using a high-speed camera we identified the mode of descent (plummeting, gliding, autorotation) and quantified descent speed, autorotation frequency, and other flight characteristics. To validate such modeling as an inferential tool, we compared descent of extant analogues (kauri;Agathis australis) with descent of similarly constructed seed models. All three seed morphotypes exhibited autorotating flight behavior. However, double-winged seeds, especially symmetric ones, failed to initiate slow autorotative descent more frequently than single-winged seeds. Even when autorotating, symmetric double-winged seeds descend faster than asymmetric double-winged ones, and descent is roughly twice as fast compared to single-winged seeds. Moreover, the relative advantage that (effectively) single-winged seeds have in slowing descent during autorotation becomes larger as seed weight increases. Hence, the range in seed wing configurations inM. talarisproduced a wide variation in potential dispersal capacity. Overall, our results indicate that the evolutionarily novel autorotating winged seeds must have improved conifer seed dispersal, in a time when animal vectors for dispersion were virtually absent. Because of the range in wing configuration, the early evolution of autorotative flight in conifers was a functionally imperfect one, which provides us insight into the evolutionary developmental biology of autorotative seeds in conifers.
Vitamin E intake, α-tocopherol levels and pulmonary function in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Woestenenk Janna W. , Broos Nancy , Stellato Rebecca K. , Arets Hubertus G. M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Houwen Roderick H. J. 
Published: March 2015

Pancreatic insufficiency cystic fibrosis (CF) patients receive vitamin E supplementation according to CF-specific recommendations in order to prevent deficiencies. It has been suggested that higher serum α-tocopherol levels could have protective effects on pulmonary function (PF) in patients with CF. Whether current recommendations are indeed optimal for preventing deficiency and whether vitamin E has therapeutic benefits are subjects of debate. Therefore, we studied vitamin E intake as well as the long-term effects of vitamin E intake, the coefficient of fat absorption (CFA) and IgG on α-tocopherol levels. We also examined the long-term effects of serum α-tocopherol and serum IgG on forced expiratory volume in 1 s expressed as percentage of predicted (FEV1% pred.) in paediatric CF patients during a 7-year follow-up period. We found that CF patients failed to meet the CF-specific vitamin E recommendations, but serum α-tocopherol below the 2·5th percentile was found in only twenty-three of the 1022 measurements (2 %). Furthermore, no clear effect of vitamin E intake or the CFA on serum α-tocopherol was found (both P≥ 0·103). FEV1% pred. was longitudinally inversely associated with age (P< 0·001) and serum IgG (P= 0·003), but it was not related to serum α-tocopherol levels. We concluded that in the present large sample of children and adolescents with CF, vitamin E intake was lower than recommended, but serum α-tocopherol deficiency was rare. We found no evidence that higher serum α-tocopherol levels had protective effects on PF. Adjustment of the recommendations to the real-life intake of these patients may be considered.
Dietary calcium concentration and cereals differentially affect mineral balance and tight junction proteins expression in jejunum of weaned pigs
Authors: Metzler-Zebeli Barbara U. , Mann Evelyne , Ertl Reinhard , Schmitz-Esser Stephan , Wagner Martin , Klein Dieter , Ritzmann Mathias , Zebeli Qendrim 
Published: March 2015

Ca plays an essential role in bone development; however, little is known about its effect on intestinal gene expression in juvenile animals. In the present study, thirty-two weaned pigs (9·5 (sem 0·11) kg) were assigned to four diets that differed in Ca concentration (adequate v. high) and cereal composition (wheat–barley v. maize) to assess the jejunal and colonic gene expression of nutrient transporters, tight junction proteins, cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, nutrient digestibility, Ca balance and serum acute-phase response. To estimate the impact of mucosal bacteria on colonic gene expression, Spearman's correlations between colonic gene expression and bacterial abundance were computed. Faecal Ca excretion indicated that more Ca was available along the intestinal tract of the pigs fed high Ca diets as compared to the pigs fed adequate Ca diets (P< 0·05). High Ca diets decreased jejunal zonula occludens 1 (ZO1) and occludin (OCLN) expression, up-regulated jejunal expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and down-regulated colonic GLUT2 expression as compared to the adequate Ca diets (P< 0·05). Dietary cereal composition up-regulated jejunal TLR2 expression and interacted (P= 0·021) with dietary Ca on colonic IL1B expression; high Ca concentration up-regulated IL1B expression with wheat–barley diets and down-regulated it with maize diets. Spearman's correlations (r>0·35; P< 0·05) indicated an association between operational taxonomic units assigned to the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and bacterial metabolites and mucosal gene expression in the colon. The present results indicate that high Ca diets have the potential to modify the jejunal and colonic mucosal gene expression response which, in turn, interacts with the composition of the basal diet and mucosa-associated bacteria in weaned pigs.
Yokes of Gold and Threads of Silk: Sino-Tibetan competition for authority in early twentieth century Kham
Authors: RELYEA SCOTT 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBeginning in the early eighteenth century, a bifurcated structure of authority in the Kham region of ethnographic Tibet frustrated attempts by both the Lhasa and Beijing governments to assert their unquestioned control over a myriad polities in the borderlands between Sichuan and Tibet. A tenuous accommodation of this structure persisted from the early eighteenth century until the first two decades of the twentieth century when powerful globalizing norms—territoriality and sovereignty—transformed both the understanding and expectations of territorial rule held by Qing and, later, Republican Chinese officials. Absolutist conceptions of these norms prompted an ambitious endeavour to shatter the bifurcated structure and undermine the Dalai Lama's spiritual influence on Kham society. Infrontier imperialism is used to analyse the incomplete implementation of resulting acculturative and incorporative policies, inflected by these two norms, which challenged the monasteries’ indirect influence on the lay rulers of Kham, initiating a struggle for authority that persists to this day.