bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Survey of Sea Cucumber Fisheries on Qeshm Island Coasts (Persian Gulf)
Authors: Afkhami Majid , Ehsanpour Maryam , Mokhleci Amin , Darvish Bastami Kazem 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
Sea cucumbers are aquatic animals of wide variety, useful for human health. Sea cucumbers are among the aquatic creatures that have many important and useful properties known for human health. Increasing demand for beche-de-mer, along with steady price increases, has led to worldwide intensification of sea cucumber harvesting. The rearing of sea cucumbers with shrimps controls environmental pollution that results from over- enrichment in nutrients, built up on the pond bottom.
These animals eat detritus and, together with devouring organic materials on the surface, not only do they clean the environment, but also they cause the fast growth of shrimps and themselves. Holothuria scabra is the main species for production of beche-de-mer and is exploited especially in the tropical regions of the world. The wall of the body used in the process of beche-de-mer production forms 56% of the whole body. Holothuria scabra (sandfish) is an aspidochirote holothurian widely distributed in coastal regions throughout the Indo-Pacific region. H. scabra is often found on inner reef flats and near estuaries, half-buried in silty sand during the day and emerging at night to feed.
In this study, based on information from local fishermen on Qeshm Island, we provide some data about the fishing methods, processing and distribution on the Qeshm Island coastline. Comparative study of fishing status with another part of the world determined that the status of sea cucumber stocks in Qeshm Island is sustainable. For prevention of overexploitation of the sandy sea cucumber, prohibition on capturing should continue.
In this study, seven exploited sites are recognized, the target size for fishermen was more than 20 cm and sandy cucumber was the target species in Qeshm Island. In this area, the fishing operation was only carried out by scuba diving and was done only by men; although in another countries women have an important role in sea cucumber fishing activities. Among the coasts around Qeshm Island, it is found at Hmoon, Tolla, Kovei, Ramchah, Messen and Hengam. A maximum length of 35 cm and maximum weight of 1,080 g was recorded.
Health Risks Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Seafood
Authors: Khoshnood Zahra , Khoshnood Reza 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
Fish is an excellent, low-fat source of protein and provides many benefits, such as contributing to low blood cholesterol. Heavy metals are increasingly being released into natural waters from geological and anthropogenic sources. Due to the rapid development of agriculture and industry, and a historical lack of enforcement of regulations, the study areas have become contaminated by metals, especially cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) which has been emitted into the environment through atmospheric deposition, solid-waste emissions, sludge applications, and irrigations with wastewater.
The health risks posed to the local inhabitants by exposure to Pb and Cd in two coastal regions of Iran through the consumption of contaminated fish were investigated, based on estimated target hazard quotients (THQs). The results showed that THQ values are less than 1 for both adults and children by either group consuming fish alone.
The distribution of several heavy metals (Cd and Pb) was investigated in muscle and liver in six different fish species seasonally collected in the Persian Gulf (autumn 2008 - summer 2009). The concentrations of all metals were lower in flesh than those recorded in liver due to their physiological roles. The THQ index for fish was calculated. Estimation of target hazard quotients calculations for the contaminated fish consumption was calculated to evaluate the effect of pollution on human health. Total metal THQs values (Pb and Cd) for adults were 0.05 and 0.04 in Bushehr and Bandar-Genaveh, respectively, and for children was 0.08 and 0.05 in Bushehr and Bandar-Genaveh, respectively.
The dietary intake of Pb estimated for the inhabitants in this area is far below the limit considered tolerable. The Cd intake through the consumption of fish is also less than the limit of daily dietary intake considered tolerable by FAO/WHO.
Evaluation of the sliding performance of polyamide, poly-oxy-methylene and their composites
Authors: Unal Huseyin , Ozsoy Iskender , Mimaroglu Abdullah 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The friction and wear performance of cast polyamide, unfilled poly-oxy-methylene, 10 wt.% graphite filled polyamide 6, 10 wt.% graphite filled poly-oxy-methylene, and 10 wt.% graphite plus 6% wax filled polyamide 6 sliding against stainless steel under dry sliding conditions were studied. The aim was to evaluate the tribological behavior of the above materials which enables suggesting alternative material for costly cast polyamide polymer in industrial applications. Tribological tests were carried out using a pin-on-disk arrangement at a sliding speed of 0.5–2.0 m s−1 and under applied loads of 50 to 150 N. The results showed that the friction coefficient of the tested materials decreases with the increase in applied load as well as with the decrease in sliding speed values. Furthermore, the lowest wear rate is 2.24−15 m2 N−1 for 10 wt.% graphite filled polyamide 6 composite. This suggests its use instead of cast polyamide polymer. Finally, it is concluded that the wear mechanism includes transfer film and deformation.
Martensite–austenite transformation kinetics of high Cr ferritic heat-resistant steel
Authors: Ma Qiujia , Shao Yi , Liu Yongchang , Gao Zhiming , Yu Liming 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The isochronal transformation behavior from martensite (α′) to austenite (γ) of modified high Cr ferritic heat-resistant steel was analyzed using the kinetic information extracted from differential thermal analysis results. The thus obtained α′→γ transformation kinetic process has been described by a JMAK-like model including three overlapping processes: site saturation nucleation, diffusion-controlled growth, and impingement correction for random distribution of nuclei. It is found that both the diffusion of alloying components and the inhibition of carbide precipitates strongly affect the α′→γ transformation kinetic processes. The α′→γ transformation (at relatively low heating rates) is of diffusion-controlled nature, and the obstruction of carbides during the migration of the α′/γ interface leads to a decrease in the pre-exponential factor of diffusion coefficient.
Effect of rare earth Y addition on two-phase Ni53Mn22Co6Ga19 high-temperature shape memory alloy
Authors: Jiao Xinquan , Yang Shuiyuan , Su Yu 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The microstructures, martensitic transformation, mechanical and shape memory properties of (Ni53Mn22Co6Ga19)100–xY
x
(x = 0, 0.1, 0.3) high-temperature shape memory alloys were investigated. It was found that small Y addition results in the refinement of grain size and the increase of γ phase volume fraction. These changes can effectively improve the tensile ductility and fracture strength of two-phase Ni53Mn22Co6-Ga19 alloy, up to the maximum values of 10.1 % and 592 MPa respectively at x = 0.1. However, it is proposed that Y(Ni, Mn)4Ga precipitate forms in the alloys with the addition of Y, and its amount increases with further increasing Y addition. The growth of the Y(Ni, Mn)4Ga precipitate results in a decrease in the tensile ductility at x = 0.3. Results further show that shape memory properties of the studied alloys are closely related to the refinement of grain size and the alloy yield strength. While adding 0.1 at.% of Y, the shape memory effect and recovery rate decrease, resulting from the refinement of grain size, compared to those of two-phase Ni53Mn22Co6Ga19 alloy. Subsequently they increase with further increasing Y content to 0.3 at.% due to the decrease in the alloy yield strength.
Thermal treatment induced transition from Zn3(OH)2(BDC)2 (MOF-69c) to Zn4O(BDC)3 (MOF-5)
Authors: Ren Jianwei , Rogers Dave E. C. , Segakweng Tshiamo , Langmi Henrietta W. , North Brian C. , Mathe Mkhulu , Bessarabov Dmitri 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A simple thermal treatment induced transition from Zn3(OH)2(BDC)2 (MOF-69c) to Zn4O(BDC)3 (MOF-5) is reported. Phase crystallinity, pore characteristics and hydrogen storage capacities of the resulting crystals were investigated. It is shown that the structural transition from Zn3(OH)2(BDC)2 (MOF-69c) to Zn4O(BDC)3 (MOF-5) could be induced by simply employing the optimal thermal treatment conditions of 200 °C for 48 h in open air. The resultant relatively lower specific surface area of MOF-5 crystals compared to MOF-69c was in agreement with the increased pore diameter and decreased hydrogen storage capacity at 1 bar and 77 K.
Role of axial thrust in the formation of microstructure and fracture surface of the weld zone in friction stir welded AA6063 aluminium alloy
Authors: Suresh T. P. , Sampathkumar S. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
AA6063 is an aluminium alloy with moderate strength. This type of alloy is widely used in the construction and automotive industries. In this article, the role of axial thrust in the formation of microstructure and fracture surface of the weld zone in friction stir welded AA6063 aluminium alloy is discussed. Butt joints were fabricated at five axial thrusts of 4 kN, 5 kN, 6 kN, 7 kN and 8 kN using an unthreaded tool pin. The rotational speed and translational velocity of the tool were maintained constant at 1500 revolutions per minute and 25 mm min−1 respectively. Specimens were prepared from the joints, and tensile testing was carried out. The ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation were calculated. Vickers hardness was measured in the weld zone at mid-thickness on the advancing and retreating sides. The microstructure and fracture surface of the joints were also examined. It was found that the joint produced at the axial thrust of 6 kN exhibited superior ultimate tensile strength, higher percentage of elongation and higher micro-hardness. This joint exhibited a superior quality weld zone without kissing bond and tunnel defects.
Indium ion cementation onto aluminum plates in hydrochloric acid solutions: a kinetic perspective
Authors: Hong Hyun Seon , Kim Geon Hong , Hong Myung Hwan , Lee Sungkyu , Lee Jae-Chun 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The cementation of indium on an aluminum plate in indium-bearing concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions has been performed over a period of 2 hr at 278, 298, 318, 328 and 338 K. Aluminum was selected for two reasons: (1) aluminum has significantly higher oxidation potential compared to indium and (2) the leaching of waste plasma display panels produces a significant concentration of aluminum ions in solution. The effect of the cementation variables was comprehensively investigated, and a preliminary kinetic analysis was made using first order kinetics with pertinent Arrhenius-type plots. The cementation process was highly temperature sensitive for the range of 298–338 K, and more than 96% of the indium was recovered at 338 K. For morphology and purity analysis, indium powders obtained from the cementation process were examined using various analytical tools, such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry.
CFD Analysis of the Frame Invariance of the Melt Temperature Rise in a Single-screw Extruder
Authors: Habla F. , Obermeier S. , Dietsche L. , Kintzel O. , Hinrichsen O. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In analytical analyses for single-screw extruders the simplified approach of rotating the barrel and keeping the screw fixed is often used instead of rotating the screw and fixing the barrel. Although the flow field is independent of the reference frame, as has already been shown to a satisfactory degree (Rauwendaal et al., 1997), the question of the dependence of the melt temperature rise on the reference frame is still being challenged, e.g. Campbell et al. (2001, 2008). In this work we develop a finite-volume CFD code allowing for the three-dimensional simulation of the flow and temperature rise in both reference frames. The question of frame invariance is addressed by simulating the flow of a Newtonian-like polycarbonate both in a two-dimensional cross-section of a single-screw extruder and in a three-dimensional model with two full turns of the screw. Our results show that the kinematics and the melt temperature rise are equal for screw- and barrel-rotation and thus independent of the reference frame. Furthermore, the presence of a clearance flow has a negligible influence on the temperature rise.
Simulation Study of Thermotropic LCPs and Prediction of Normal Stress Difference at High Shear Rate
Authors: Rahman A. , Gupta R. K. , Bhattacharya S. N. , Ray S. , Costa F. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The shear viscosity and normal stress difference of two filled and two unfilled thermotropic liquid crystal polymer (TLCPs) were studied. The rigid and rod like molecules of TLCPs orientate differently at different shear rates. Under low shear rate, the molecules tend to align in the direction of the flow but also tumble and wagging on their own axis. The abnormal orientation of the molecules also depends upon temperature, fillers contents, aspect ratio and elastic nature of LCP molecules. These behaviors lead to unusual rheological properties of LCPs, such as negative first normal stress difference for filled LCPs at low shear rates. But with the increase of shear rate, the molecules are oriented in the direction of flow, which lead to isotropic flow at high shear rates. The complicated rheological properties and characteristic anisotropic properties of LCPs are modelled by recently developed Leonov's viscoselastic constitutive equations. Simulation has been carried out using Mathematica software and the characteristic anisotropic properties of LCPs have been identified. The experimentally measured viscosities at high shear rate have been compared with model predictions. Moreover, the normal stress differences using at high shear rates have been estimated using Leonov's model, which is experimentally not accessible.
Impact of Hernias on Peritoneal Dialysis Technique Survival and Residual Renal Function
Authors: Balda Sagrario , Power Albert , Papalois Vassilios , Brown Edwina 
Published: November 2013

Objective We evaluated the effect of hernias and their surgical or conservative management on peritoneal dialysis (PD) technique survival and residual renal function. Methods This 10-year single-center retrospective case–control study (January 2001 – January 2011) compared patient survival, PD technique survival, and residual renal function in patients with a history of abdominal hernias and in a control cohort matched for age and PD vintage. Results Of 73 hernias identified in 63 patients (mean age: 55 years; 63% men), umbilical hernias were the most frequent (40%), followed by inguinal (33%), incisional, and epigastric hernias. Some hernias were surgically repaired before ( n = 10) or at the time of PD catheter insertion ( n = 11), but most (71%) were diagnosed and managed after initiation of PD. Overall, 49 of 73 (67%) hernias were treated surgically. In 53% of subjects, early postoperative dialysis was not needed; only 7 patients required temporary hemodialysis. The occurrence of a hernia and its treatment did not significantly affect residual renal function. After a hernia diagnosis or repair, 86% of patients were able to continue with PD. Conclusions The incidence of abdominal hernia and hernia management in patients on PD do not significantly influence residual renal function or PD technique survival. Timely management of hernias is advisable and does not preclude continuation with PD as a dialysis modality.
Serum Concentrations of p-Cresyl Sulfate and Indoxyl Sulfate, But Not Inflammatory Markers, Increase in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in Parallel with Loss of Residual Renal Function
Authors: Viaene Liesbeth , Meijers Björn K.I. , Bammens Bert , Vanrenterghem Yves , Evenepoel Pieter 
Published: November 2013

Background High serum concentrations of the protein-bound uremic retention solutes p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IndS) and inflammation are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Renal clearance contributes to up to 80% of the total clearance of PCS and IndS in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Cross-sectional studies evaluating the impact of residual renal function (RRF) on serum concentrations of PCS, IndS, and circulating inflammatory markers have yielded conflicting results. Methods To clarify this issue, we carried out a prospective observational cohort study in incident PD patients ( n = 35; 19 men; mean age: 55 ± 17 years). Midday blood samples were collected and analyzed for total serum PCS, IndS, C-reactive protein, and high-sensitivity interleukin 6. Peritoneal and renal clearances were calculated from urine and dialysate collections, and RRF was calculated as the mean of renal urea nitrogen and creatinine clearances. Patients were assessed 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after PD start. Differences between time points were analyzed using linear mixed models (LMMs). Results Residual renal function declined significantly over time (LMM p < 0.0001). Peritoneal clearances of both toxins tended to increase, but did not compensate for the declining renal clearances. Serum concentrations of PCS and IndS increased significantly over time (LMM p = 0.01; p = 0.0009). In contrast, total mass removal of both toxins remained stable. Circulating inflammatory markers did not change over time. Conclusions Our data indicate that serum concentrations of PCS and IndS, but not inflammatory markers, increase in incident PD patients in parallel with loss of RRF.
Structural, optical, and conductive properties of a poly(styrene)‐b‐poly(thiophene) copolymer doped with fullerenes under different conditions
Authors: Politakos Nikolaos , Grana Eftychia , Zalakain Iñaki , Katsigiannopoulos Dimitrios , Eceiza Arantxa , Kortaberria Galder , Avgeropoulos Apostolos 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this manuscript mixtures of a poly(styrene)‐b‐poly(thiophene) (PS‐b‐PT) copolymer with fullerenes (C60) as a dopant were prepared in order to evaluate their optical/surface properties through optical microscopy (OM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements respectively, as well as their conductivity through the four probe technique under variable conditions such as: temperature (room temperature and 150°C), solvent (toluene and chlorobenzene) and dopant concentration (2 and 5 wt %). The results exhibited that thermal treatment; solvent polarity and dopant concentration influence significantly the optical absorbance values. Ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis) was also adopted to examine the optical absorbance of the mixtures and how it can be affected by the structures obtained in each case. The results for the variables involved in this study were very interesting and led to significant conclusions concerning the potential application of the proposed mixture for improved organic solar cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40084.
The insular auditory field receives input from the lemniscal subdivision of the auditory thalamus in mice
Authors: Takemoto Makoto , Hasegawa Kayoko , Nishimura Masataka , Song Wen‐Jie 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe insular cortex plays important roles in vocal communication, but the origin of auditory input to the insular cortex has not been fully clarified. Here we studied the auditory thalamic input to the insular cortex using mice as a model system. An insular auditory field (IAF) has recently been identified in mice. By using retrograde neuronal tracing, we identified auditory thalamic neurons projecting to the IAF, primary auditory cortex (AI), and anterior auditory field (AAF). After mapping the IAF, AAF, and AI by using optical imaging, we injected a distinct fluorescent tracer into each of the three fields at frequency‐matched locations. Tracer injection into the IAF resulted in retrogradely labeled cells localized ventromedially in the lemniscal division, i.e., the ventral subdivision of the medial geniculate body (MGv). Cells retrogradely labeled by injections into the AAF were primarily found in the medial half of the MGv, whereas those from AI injections were located in the lateral half, although some of these two subsets were intermingled within the MGv. Interestingly, retrogradely labeled cells projecting to the IAF showed virtually no overlap with those projecting to the AAF or the AI. Dual tracer injections into two sites responding to low‐ and high‐frequency tones within each of the three auditory fields demonstrated topographic organizations in all three thalamocortical projections. These results indicate that the IAF receives thalamic input from the MGv in a topographic manner, and that the MGv–IAF projection is parallel to the MGv–AAF and MGv–AI projections. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1373–1389, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C. elegans nuclear receptor NHR‐6 functionally interacts with the jun‐1 transcription factor during spermatheca development
Authors: Gissendanner Chris R. , Cardin Derrick , DuBose Chris J. , El Sayed Moustafa , Harmson Jeremy S. , Praslicka Brandon , Rowan Brian G. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe NR4A nuclear receptor NHR‐6 is an essential regulator of spermatheca organogenesis in C. elegans. In this study, we perform a focused, RNAi‐based screen to identify modifiers of partial nhr‐6 loss of function. Ninety‐eight genes that encode signaling proteins expressed in the spermatheca were screened for enhancement of the nhr‐6 RNAi phenotype. We identify the C. elegans gene jun‐1, which encodes the homolog of the Jun transcription factor, as a strong enhancer of nhr‐6 partial loss of function. We show that nhr‐6 and jun‐1 function together to regulate development of the spermatheca and are necessary for generating an organ with the normal number of cells. jun‐1 is expressed in all cells of the developing spermatheca. We also provide evidence that NHR‐6 and JUN‐1 can physically interact in a yeast two‐hybrid assay. Our results provide in vivo evidence that NR4A nuclear receptor and Jun transcription factor interactions are essential in regulating developmental processes in metazoans. genesis 52:29–38, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishing a case for improved food phenolic analysis
Authors: Lee Jungmin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFuture phenolic research findings using a multidisciplinary approach will ensure profitability and sustainability of specialty crop industries, while also improving the nutritional and economic choices available to increasingly health‐ and environmentally conscious consumers. Recent examples of phenolics used in commercial and research scenarios, and new phenolic research discoveries are discussed. Despite being a heavily researched topic, there remains a need to identify, develop, and define analyses targeted for specific quality‐related plant metabolites.