bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E2F3-dependent activation of FAM111B restricts mouse cytomegalovirus replication in primate cells
Authors: Ostermann Eleonore , Luoto Laura-Marie , Clausen Michaela , Virdi Sanamjeet , Brune Wolfram 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCytomegaloviruses are highly species-specific as they replicate only in cells of their own or a closely related species. For instance, human cytomegalovirus cannot replicate in rodent cells, and mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) cannot replicate in human and monkey cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the host species restriction remain poorly understood. We have previously shown that passaging MCMV in human retinal pigment epithelial cells allows the virus to replicate to high titers in these cells due to the accumulation of adaptive mutations, such as loss-of-function mutations in the viral M117 gene. The M117 protein interacts with E2F transcription factors and activates E2F-dependent transcription. Here we show that activation of E2F3 is primarily responsible for MCMV’s inability to replicate in human cells. By transcriptome analysis, we identified two E2F3-induced serine proteases, FAM111A and FAM111B, as potential host restriction factors. By using shRNA-mediated gene knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout, we demonstrated that FAM111B, but not its paralog FAM111A, suppresses MCMV replication in human and rhesus macaque cells. By immunofluorescence, we detected FAM111B predominantly in the nucleus of infected cells with enrichment in viral replication compartments, suggesting that it might play a role during viral replication. The fact that the FAM111B gene is conserved in primates but absent in rodents suggests that MCMV has not evolved to evade or counteract this restriction factor, which is not present in its natural host.ImportanceViruses must counteract host cell defenses to facilitate viral replication. Viruses with a narrow host range, such as the cytomegaloviruses, are unable to counteract cellular defenses in cells of a foreign species. However, little is known about the cellular host range factors restricting cytomegalovirus replication. Here we show that MCMV induces the expression of the FAM111 proteases and that FAM111B, but not FAM111A that has previously been shown to restrict the replication of polyomavirus and orthopoxvirus host range mutants, acts as a cellular factor suppressing MCMV replication in human and rhesus monkey cells. The identification of FAM111B as a host range factor should provide new insight into the physiological functions of this poorly characterized protein.
Development of a latency model based on HIV-1 subtype C to study how long terminal repeat genetic variation impacts viral persistence and latency reversal
Authors: Maikoo Shreyal , Palstra Robert-Jan , Dong Krista L. , Mahmoudi Tokameh , Ndung’u Thumbi , Madlala Paradise 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMost people living with HIV (PLWH) reside in sub-Saharan Africa. South Africa is the epicentre where 98% of HIV-1 infections are subtype C. However, partially due to unavailability of non-subtype B latency models, most studies of HIV-1 latency and cure have focused on HIV-1 subtype B (HIV-1B) which predominates Europe and USA. Moreover, the effect of inter- and intra-subtype genetic variation of the viral promoter, long terminal repeat (LTR), from PLWH on latency reversal is unknown. We constructed a retroviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein and HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) consensus Tat protein under the control of either HIV-1C consensus or PLWH-derived transmitted/founder (T/F) LTR, produced respective LTR pseudotyped viruses, infected Jurkat E6 and primary CD4+ T cellsin vitro, enriched for latently infected cells, and treated these cells with different latency reversing agents. We show that the HIV-1C LTR exhibited lower reactivation compared to HIV-1B. Furthermore, HIV-1C T/F LTR pseudotyped proviral variants with four NF-κB motifs exhibited lower reactivation compared to those with three NF-κB motifs. Our data indicate that inter- and intra-subtype HIV-1 LTR genetic variation in combination with host variation modulates latency reversal.Author summaryAntiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV-1 replication, but it is not curative due to a persistent latent reservoir established early in infection. Although HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) is responsible for about 50% of global and 98% of southern Africa infections, it is underrepresented in HIV-1 cure studies. The unavailability of non-subtype B latency models has led to most studies on HIV-1 latency and cure focusing on HIV-1 subtype B (HIV-1B) which predominates in western countries. The viral promoter, long terminal repeat (LTR) drives viral gene transcription and is important for the HIV-1 life cycle. In this study we undertook to develop a latency model based on HIV-1 subtype C to investigate the effect of inter- and intra- LTR genetic variation on viral persistence and latency reversal. Our data show that the HIV-1C LTR exhibited lower reactivation compared to HIV-1B. Furthermore, HIV-1C T/F LTR pseudotyped proviral variants with four NF-κB motifs exhibited lower reactivation compared to those with three NF-κB motifs. Taken together, our data suggest that inter- and intra-subtype HIV-1 LTR genetic variation in combination with host variation modulates latency reversal.
TheStreptococcus agalactiaeLytSR two-component regulatory system promotes vaginal colonisation and virulencein vivo
Authors: AlQadeeb Hajar , Baltazar Murielle , Cazares Adrian , Poonpanichakul Tiraput , Kjos Morten , French Neil , Kadioglu Aras , O’Brien Marie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae(or Group BStreptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis globally. To sense and respond to variations in its environment, GBS possesses multiple two-component regulatory systems (TCSs) such as LytSR. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of LytSR in GBS pathogenicity. We generated an isogeniclytSknockout mutant in a clinical GBS isolate and used a combination of phenotypic in vitro assays and in vivo murine models to investigate the contribution oflytSto the colonisation and invasive properties of GBS. Deletion of thelytSgene in the GBS chromosome resulted in significantly higher survival rates in mice during sepsis, accompanied by reduced bacterial loads in blood, lung, spleen, kidney and brain tissue compared to infection with the wild-type strain. In a mouse model of GBS vaginal colonisation, we also observed that thelytSknockout mutant was cleared more readily from the vaginal tract compared to its wild-type counterpart. Interestingly, lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines were found in the serum of mice infected with thelytSmutant. Our results demonstrate that the LytSR TCS plays a key role in GBS tissue invasion and pathogenesis, and persistence of mucosal colonisation.ImportanceStreptococcus agalactiae (Group B strep, or GBS)is a common commensal of the female urogenital tract and one of WHO’s priority pathogens. The bacterium has evolved mechanisms to adapt and survive in its host, many of which are regulated via two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs), however, the exact contributions of TCSs towards GBS pathogenicity remain largely obscure.We have constructed a TCSlytS-deficient mutant in a CC-17 hypervirulent GBS clinical isolate. Using murine models, we showed that LytSR regulatory system is essential for vaginal colonisation via promoting biofilm production. We also observed thatlytSdeficiency led to significantly attenuated virulence properties and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines in blood. Our findings are of significant importance in that they unveil a previously unreported role for LytSR in GBS and pave the way towards a better understanding of its ability to transition from an innocuous commensal to a deadly pathogen.
Design of passive radiative heating nanocomposite films by managing natural radiation energy
Authors: Kaplan Sibel , Demirbek Dilara Melek , Korkmaz Memis Nazife 
Published: August 2024

PurposePersonal thermal management by controlling the radiation energies of both the body and the sun can be used in all environments and contributes to sustainability components with the advantages of energy saving, low chemical usage and comfort enhancements under dynamic conditions. In this study, passive radiative heating nanocomposite films were produced using sodium alginate as the matrix and zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles as nanofillers having far infrared radiation reflecting, hence passive heating functions.Design/methodology/approachNanocomposite film solutions were prepared by stirring sodium alginate powder, deionized water, ZnO and Al2O3 nanoparticles (20% wt of matrix polymer) with surfactant using magnetic and ultrasonic stirrers in turn. Films produced within Petri dishes after drying at room temperature were analyzed by FT-IR, UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy and SEM for chemical, radiation management and morphological characteristics, respectively. Emissivity values giving idea about the heating performances of the films were determined with an IR camera and a hotplate system. Moreover, direct heating performances were measured by the hotplate system including a far-infrared lamp.FindingsResults showed that the emissivity of the films increased by approximately 18% and 16% with ZnO and Al2O3 nanoparticles, respectively. Moreover, NaAlg–Al2O3 nanocomposite film exhibited passive radiative heating performance of 3.58 °C, higher than the heating performance of NaAlg–ZnO nanocomposite film which is 2.97 °C when compared to the reference NaAlg film. These results indicate that both NaAlg–ZnO and especially NaAlg–Al2O3 nanocomposite films have excellent far-infrared emission and absorption properties ensuring a significant heating effect.Originality/valueIn addition to other clothing types, the heating performance obtained with the produced nanocomposite structures may be applied to different types of cosmetic/medical applications (beauty mask, wound dresses, etc.) enabling skincare/healing with the advantage of the sodium alginate matrix.
Human surface morphology representation and shape subdivision driven by space vector on female “waist-to-thigh” zone
Authors: Li Tao , Ma Jing , Wu Jinying , Lin Xiyan , Zou Fengyuan 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThe human body has the same basic size data but has different surface morphology, resulting in the unfitness even under the same size specification. The purpose of this study was to solve the local fitness problems by representing and quantifying the human surface morphological difference.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the 3D point cloud for 323 female students was scanned, and the cross-section layers of the “waist-to-thigh” zone were determined. Secondly, the space vector based on the space Euclidean distance was extracted to represent and quantify the surface morphological difference. And the Principal Component Analysis and K-means were adopted to subdivide the target zone. Thirdly, the pattern based on the subdivision results and surface flattening was generated. Additionally, the fitness was evaluated by the subjective and objective assessments, separately.FindingsThe space vector could represent and quantify the shape morphology of the “waist-to-thigh” zone. It had successfully achieved the human body subdivision and corresponding pattern generation for the “waist-to-thigh” zone. And the pattern based on the shape subdivision and surface flattening of the space vector could effectively improve the wearing fitness. Particularly in the waist and crotch area of trousers, the obvious wrinkles had been solved because the space vector is more in line with the shape morphology characteristics.Originality/valueThe proposed method could represent and quantify the difference in human surface morphology in a 3D manner. It solved the unfitness problem caused by the same body size but different shape surface morphology. And it will contribute to the fitness improvement of the trousers.
Empowering small farmers for sustainable agriculture: a human resource approach to SDG-driven training and innovation
Authors: Pandey Satyendra C. , Modi Pratik , Pereira Vijay , Fosso Wamba Samuel 
Published: August 2024

PurposeAmid the growing global emphasis on sustainable agriculture, organizations and governments face a pressing need to equip farmers with the knowledge and tools necessary for the adoption of sustainable farming practices, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, understanding the complex relationship between training programs and the adoption of sustainable practices among small-scale farmers remains a critical challenge. Taking a human resource approach, this paper attempts to understand the interrelationships between training effectiveness, farmers’ psychological and demographic characteristics in explaining the adoption of sustainable farming practices.Design/methodology/approachWe employed a multi-stage random sampling method and administered a structured questionnaire to collect data from 331 small farmers who were part of a government-led, large-scale intervention aimed at training them in sustainable farming practices.FindingsOur research findings not only emphasize the critical role of HR approach through training but also underscore its importance in the broader mission of aligning with the SDGs. Specifically, we demonstrate that sustained exposure to training, intrinsic motivation to acquire knowledge, and the innovative capacity of farmers collectively enhance the effectiveness of training programs, thereby contributing significantly to the widespread adoption of sustainable farming practices in line with SDGs.Originality/valueDrawing from self-determination theory, training effectiveness literature, and the call for improved alignment with the SDGs, this study presents a model that explains how psychological characteristics, combined with the quality and quantity of training influence the adoption of sustainable farming practices among small-scale farmers.
Linguistic landscape and multilingualism in tourist destinations: a sociolinguistic analysis
Authors: Al-Sofi Bakr Bagash Mansour Ahmed 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis site-based study employed a sociolinguistic approach to investigate the linguistic landscape and multilingualism displayed on signs in Marib, a historical and tourist city in Yemen. The study focused on the types and functions of these signs, as well as people's perceptions of the status quo of the linguistic landscape.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods approach was used to collect data. Signs in tourist areas were photographed, and subsequent semi-structured interviews were conducted with relevant individuals to achieve the study's objectives.FindingsThe results revealed that both multilingual and monolingual signs coexist, with multilingual signs being more prevalent. Multilingual signs, which were official (top-down), served informational and symbolic functions, while monolingual signs, which were informal (bottom-up), served purely informational purposes. Bilingual signs were not present at the research sites. Interviewees generally expressed their satisfaction with multilingualism, as both national (Arabic and Musnad) and international (English) languages coexisted. However, they highlighted a deficiency in the number of signs at the research sites.Practical implicationsThis study suggested intensifying efforts to include more signs, augmented with QR codes, to convey an appealing image of the linguistic landscape and provide visitors with information about these sites. Exposing students to the linguistic landscape can significantly enhance their English learning.Originality/valueThis study contributes to existing literature by providing further insights into the linguistic landscape in tourist destinations in Marib city. It offers the local and global community a better understanding of why and how the linguistic landscape should be improved and presented more appropriately.
The role of sociomateriality in the formalisation and legitimation practices of openness paradox
Authors: Heinzen Cassia Goulart , Lavarda Rosalia Aldraci Barbosa , Bellucci Christiane 
Published: August 2024

Purpose This study seeks to comprehend how sociomateriality influences the openness paradox within the context of open strategising.Design/methodology/approach We adopted a qualitative approach and developed a case study as a research method. The data included 10 semi-structured interviews, direct observation and documentary analysis, including virtual documents, collaborative platforms and communication systems.Findings We found that sociomateriality influences the transition between openness and closure in open strategy (OS) dimensions, namely inclusion, participation and transparency, once organisational practitioners actively build on social relationships and engage with material elements within this paradoxical context.Research limitations/implications The primary limitation was the challenge of managing extensive data, especially tracking all meetings and interactions. Nonetheless, we aimed to provide a comprehensive view and meaningful insights from the data. Future research could employ mixed methods to achieve a more holistic understanding of the phenomenon.Practical implications By understanding the role of formalisation and legitimation played by sociomateriality during open strategising, practitioners can navigate the complexities of balancing openness and closure, fostering innovation and engagement while ensuring the legitimacy of strategising. Recognising the coexistence of exclusions in social practices enables society to comprehend this paradox and highlight the need to address it, fostering an inclusive environment and promoting balanced openness in various social contexts.Originality/value Our study contributes to the OS literature by highlighting the role of sociomateriality in shaping the openness and closure interplay. Additionally, we emphasise the importance of formalisation and legitimation practices involving materiality in the balance between openness and closure in a context where openness is deemed essential for strategic success.
Disruptive technologies for knowledge management: bibliometric review and patent analysis
Authors: Lim Jihye , Hwang Junseok 
Published: August 2024

PurposeTechnological tools for knowledge management (KM) actively support and enhance knowledge acquisition and sharing in organizations. However, technology for KM has been understudied, especially in terms of disruptive technologies (DTs). There is a need to identify how DTs, which are becoming increasingly important in industry and society, are applied to KM and their impact. This paper aims to examine the current state of technology and DT adoption in KM.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis involves four steps. First, we examine the current status of DT in academia through a keyword co-occurrence network of literature. Second, we analyze the technological convergence (TC) of KM technology through the cooperative patent classification code co-classification analysis of patents. Third, we explore the main topics of KM technologies using BERTopic, and finally, we explore the introduction of DT into KM technologies and suggest potential TC combinations for the future.FindingsKM technologies can be categorized into four main topics (knowledge acquisition, sharing, searching, and transfer), and DT is most often applied to knowledge transfer and acquisition. The DTs that are attracting attention from academia and industry are artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality, and blockchain, which have applications in healthcare, supply chain management, and human resource management.Originality/valueThe findings provide useful insights for organizations to build a technology roadmap for KM. They can also improve the rigid mindset of organization employees toward DT adoption and innovation. By adopting a KM system that leverages DT, organizations will be able to manage and operate efficiently and systematically.
Research on personal digital hoarding behaviors of college students based on personality traits theory: the mediating role of emotional attachment
Authors: Xie Xiao , Song Tianci , Li Li , Jiang Weihan , Gao Xinyuan , Shu Liwang , Liu Yongmei 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis study investigates the influence of personality traits on the personal digital hoarding behaviors of college students. Emotional attachment is included as a mediating variable, thereby enhancing the relevant theoretical frameworks associated with such behaviors.Design/methodology/approachA total of 370 college students were investigated using the Big Five personality scale, the digital hoarding behaviors scale, and a self-compiled emotional attachment scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS26.0 software.FindingsPersonality traits exerted a significant influence on individual digital hoarding behaviors, among which neuroticism (r = 0.526**), extroversion (r = 0.232**), and agreeableness (r = 0.233**) demonstrated notable effects. However, no significant correlation was found to link conscientiousness and openness with personal digital hoarding behaviors. Emotional attachment (r = 0.665**) significantly impacted personal digital hoarding behaviors. Regression analysis further showed that personality traits also affect personal digital hoarding behaviors through the partial mediating effect of emotional attachment. Dependency security was identified as a partial mediator of the effects of agreeableness and neuroticism on personal digital hoarding behaviors. Possession attachment was observed to be another partial mediator of the relationship between neuroticism and personal digital hoarding behaviors. Furthermore, fear of missing out was observed to partially mediate the effects of agreeableness and neuroticism on personal digital hoarding behaviors.Research limitations/implicationsThe generalizability of the self-compiled emotional attachment scale requires further verification in future research, as the selection of participants was relatively simplistic.Practical implicationsOur study showed the distinctive personality traits of individuals and their relationship with personal digital hoarding behaviors, along with the mediating role of emotional attachment. Our findings provide valuable insights for future personal information management and digital hoarding de-cluttering.Originality/valueThis research explores the influence of personality traits on the personal digital hoarding behaviors of college students and examines the mediating role of emotional attachment.