bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical versus manual chest compressions for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tang Lu , Gu Wan-Jie , Wang Fei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecent evidence regarding mechanical chest compressions in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is conflicting. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effect of mechanical versus manual chest compressions on resuscitation outcomes in OHCA. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry were searched. In total, five RCTs with 12,510 participants were included. Compared with manual chest compressions, mechanical chest compressions did not significantly improve survival with good neurological outcome to hospital discharge (relative risks (RR) 0.80, 95% CI 0.61–1.04, P = 0.10; I2 = 65%), return of spontaneous circulation (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95–1.09, P = 0.59; I2 = 0%), or long-term (≥6 months) survival (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.79–1.16, P = 0.65; I2 = 16%). In addition, mechanical chest compressions were associated with worse survival to hospital admission (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89–1.00, P = 0.04; I2 = 0%) and to hospital discharge (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.99, P = 0.03; I2 = 0%). Based on the current evidence, widespread use of mechanical devices for chest compressions in OHCA cannot be recommended.
Associations of prodynorphin sequence variation with alcohol dependence and related traits are phenotype-specific and sex-dependent
Authors: Winham Stacey J. , Preuss Ulrich W. , Geske Jennifer R. , Zill Peter , Heit John A. , Bakalkin Georgy , Biernacka Joanna M. , Karpyak Victor M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that prodynorphin (PDYN) haplotypes and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2281285 are associated with alcohol dependence and the propensity to drink in negative emotional states and recent studies suggest that PDYN gene effects on substance dependence risk may be sex-related. We examined sex-dependent associations of PDYN variation with alcohol dependence and related phenotypes, including negative craving, time until relapse after treatment and the length of sobriety episodes before seeking treatment, in discovery and validation cohorts of European ancestry. We found a significant haplotype-by-sex interaction (p  =  0.03), suggesting association with alcohol dependence in males (p = 1E-4) but not females. The rs2281285 G allele increased risk for alcohol dependence in males in the discovery cohort (OR = 1.49, p = 0.002), with a similar trend in the validation cohort (OR = 1.35, p = 0.086). However, rs2281285 showed a trend towards association with increased negative craving in females in both the discovery (beta = 10.16, p = 0.045) and validation samples (OR = 7.11, p = 0.066). In the discovery cohort, rs2281285 was associated with time until relapse after treatment in females (HR = 1.72, p = 0.037); in the validation cohort, it was associated with increased length of sobriety episodes before treatment in males (beta = 13.49, p = 0.001). Our findings suggest that sex-dependent effects of PDYN variants in alcohol dependence are phenotype-specific.
PAX4 Defines an Expandable β-Cell Subpopulation in the Adult Pancreatic Islet
Authors: Lorenzo Petra I. , Fuente-Martín Esther , Brun Thierry , Cobo-Vuilleumier Nadia , Jimenez-Moreno Carmen María , G. Herrera Gomez Irene , López Noriega Livia , Mellado-Gil José Manuel , Martin-Montalvo Alejandro , Soria Bernat , Gauthier Benoit R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPAX4 is a key regulator of pancreatic islet development whilst in adult acute overexpression protects β-cells against stress-induced apoptosis and stimulates proliferation. Nonetheless, sustained PAX4 expression promotes β-cell dedifferentiation and hyperglycemia, mimicking β-cell failure in diabetic patients. Herein, we study mechanisms that allow stringent PAX4 regulation endowing favorable β-cell adaptation in response to changing environment without loss of identity. To this end, PAX4 expression was monitored using a mouse bearing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) and cre recombinase construct under the control of the islet specific pax4 promoter. GFP was detected in 30% of islet cells predominantly composed of PAX4-enriched β-cells that responded to glucose-induced insulin secretion. Lineage tracing demonstrated that all islet cells were derived from PAX4+ progenitor cells but that GFP expression was confined to a subpopulation at birth which declined with age correlating with reduced replication. However, this GFP+ subpopulation expanded during pregnancy, a state of active β-cell replication. Accordingly, enhanced proliferation was exclusively detected in GFP+ cells consistent with cell cycle genes being stimulated in PAX4-overexpressing islets. Under stress conditions, GFP+ cells were more resistant to apoptosis than their GFP- counterparts. Our data suggest PAX4 defines an expandable β-cell sub population within adult islets.
Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy Imaging of Microtubule Arrays in Intact Arabidopsis thaliana Seedling Roots
Authors: Dong Bin , Yang Xiaochen , Zhu Shaobin , Bassham Diane C. , Fang Ning 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSuper-resolution fluorescence microscopy has generated tremendous success in revealing detailed subcellular structures in animal cells. However, its application to plant cell biology remains extremely limited due to numerous technical challenges, including the generally high fluorescence background of plant cells and the presence of the cell wall. In the current study, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) imaging of intact Arabidopsis thaliana seedling roots with a spatial resolution of 20–40 nm was demonstrated. Using the super-resolution images, the spatial organization of cortical microtubules in different parts of a whole Arabidopsis root tip was analyzed quantitatively and the results show the dramatic differences in the density and spatial organization of cortical microtubules in cells of different differentiation stages or types. The method developed can be applied to plant cell biological processes, including imaging of additional elements of the cytoskeleton, organelle substructure and membrane domains.
Plasmodium berghei ANKA causes intestinal malaria associated with dysbiosis
Authors: Taniguchi Tomoyo , Miyauchi Eiji , Nakamura Shota , Hirai Makoto , Suzue Kazutomo , Imai Takashi , Nomura Takahiro , Handa Tadashi , Okada Hiroko , Shimokawa Chikako , Onishi Risa , Olia Alex , Hirata Jun , Tomita Haruyoshi , Ohno Hiroshi , Horii Toshihiro , Hisaeda Hajime 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain and diarrhea, are frequently observed in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, the correlation between malaria intestinal pathology and intestinal microbiota has not been investigated. In the present study, infection of C57BL/6 mice with P. berghei ANKA (PbA) caused intestinal pathological changes, such as detachment of epithelia in the small intestines and increased intestinal permeability, which correlated with development with experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Notably, an apparent dysbiosis occurred, characterized by a reduction of Firmicutes and an increase in Proteobacteria. Furthermore, some genera of microbiota correlated with parasite growth and/or ECM development. By contrast, BALB/c mice are resistant to ECM and exhibit milder intestinal pathology and dysbiosis. These results indicate that the severity of cerebral and intestinal pathology coincides with the degree of alteration in microbiota. This is the first report demonstrating that malaria affects intestinal microbiota and causes dysbiosis.
Abnormalities of plasma cytokines and spleen in senile APP/PS1/Tau transgenic mouse model
Authors: Yang Seung-Hoon , Kim Jiyoon , Lee Michael Jisoo , Kim YoungSoo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe blood-based diagnosis has a potential to provide an alternative approach for easy diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with less invasiveness and low-cost. However, present blood-based AD diagnosis mainly focuses on measuring the plasma Aβ level because no other biomarkers are found to possess evident transport mechanisms to pass the blood-brain barrier. In order to avoid diagnosing non-demented individuals with Aβ abnormality, finding additional biomarkers to supplement plasma Aβ is essential. In this study, we introduce potential neurodegenerative biomarkers for blood-based diagnosis. We observed severe splenomegaly and structural destruction in the spleen with significantly decreased B lymphocytes in senile APPswe, PS1M146V and TauP301L transgenic mice. We also found that inflammatory cytokines associated with splenic dysfunction were altered in the plasma of these mice. These findings suggest potential involvement of the splenic dysfunction in AD and the importance of biomarker level alterations in the plasma as putative diagnostic targets for AD.
Generation of integration-free induced hepatocyte-like cells from mouse fibroblasts
Authors: Kim Jonghun , Kim Kee-Pyo , Lim Kyung Tae , Lee Seung Chan , Yoon Juyong , Song Guangqi , Hwang Seon In , Schöler Hans R. , Cantz Tobias , Han Dong Wook 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe ability to generate integration-free induced hepatocyte-like cells (iHeps) from somatic fibroblasts has the potential to advance their clinical application. Here, we have generated integration-free, functional and expandable iHeps from mouse somatic fibroblasts. To elicit this direct conversion, we took advantage of an oriP/EBNA1-based episomal system to deliver a set of transcription factors, Gata4, Hnf1a and Foxa3, to the fibroblasts. The established iHeps exhibit similar morphology, marker expression and functional properties to primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, integration-free iHeps prolong the survival of fumarylacetoacetate-hydrolase-deficient (Fah−/−) mice after cell transplantation. Our study provides a novel concept for generating functional and expandable iHeps using a non-viral, non-integrating, plasmid-based system that could facilitate their pharmaceutical and biomedical application.
Conscientiousness increases efficiency of multicomponent behavior
Authors: Stock Ann-Kathrin , Beste Christian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMany everyday situations require the flexible interruption and changing of different actions to achieve a goal. Several strategies can be applied to do so, but those requiring high levels of cognitive control seem to confer an efficiency (speed) advantage in situations requiring multi-component behavior. However, it is elusive in how far personality traits affect performance in such situations. Given that top-down control is an important aspect of personality and furthermore correlates with conscientiousness, N = 163 participants completed the NEO-FFI and performed an experimental (stop-change) paradigm assessing multicomponent behavior. Applying mathematical constraints to the behavioral data, we estimated the processing strategy of each individual. The results show that multicomponent behavior is selectively affected by conscientiousness which explained approximately 19% of the measured inter-individual behavioral variance. Conscientiousness should hence be seen as a major personality dimension modulating multicomponent behavior. Highly conscientious people showed a more effective, step-by-step processing strategy of different actions necessary to achieve a goal. In situations with simultaneous requirements, this strategy equipped them with an efficiency (speed) advantage towards individuals with lower conscientiousness. In sum, the results show that strategies and the efficiency with which people cope with situations requiring multicomponent behavior are strongly influenced by their personality.
Impurity channels of the long-lived Mossbauer effect
Authors: Liu Yao-Yuan , Cheng Yao 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecent reports have suggested that the nuclear resonant absorption of a long-lived Mossbauer state e.g., 93mNb is mediated by an entangled photon pair (biphoton) rather than by a single photon. Multipolar nuclear excitation in crystals of a single isotope with a natural abundance of 100% spreads in a region containing billions of identical nuclei. As a consequence of the delocalisation, additional decay channels via the impurities, the crystal defects and the sample boundary, give rise to a density- and temperature-dependent decay. In this letter we report our discovery of impurity channels, the intensity of which is proportional to the square of the 93mNb density.
Reconstruction of two-dimensional molecular structure with laser-induced electron diffraction from laser-aligned polyatomic molecules
Authors: Yu Chao , Wei Hui , Wang Xu , Le Anh-Thu , Lu Ruifeng , Lin C. D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractImaging the transient process of molecules has been a basic way to investigate photochemical reactions and dynamics. Based on laser-induced electron diffraction and partial one-dimensional molecular alignment, here we provide two effective methods for reconstructing two-dimensional structure of polyatomic molecules. We demonstrate that electron diffraction images in both scattering angles and broadband energy can be utilized to retrieve complementary structure information, including positions of light atoms. With picometre spatial resolution and the inherent femtosecond temporal resolution of lasers, laser-induced electron diffraction method offers significant opportunities for probing atomic motion in a large molecule in a typical pump-probe measurement.
Molecular characterisation of phenylketonuria in a Chinese mainland population using next-generation sequencing
Authors: Li Nana , Jia Haitao , Liu Zhen , Tao Jing , Chen Song , Li Xiaohong , Deng Ying , Jin Xi , Song Jiaping , Zhang Liangtao , Liang Yu , Wang Wei , Zhu Jun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder of phenylalanine metabolism, mainly caused by a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). The incidence of various PAH mutations differs among race and ethnicity. Here we report a spectrum of PAH mutations complied from 796 PKU patients from mainland China. The all 13 exons and adjacent intronic regions of the PAH gene were determined by next-generation sequencing. We identified 194 different mutations, of which 41 are not reported before. Several mutations reoccurred with high frequency including p.R243Q, p.EX6-96A > G, p.V399V, p.R241C, p.R111*, p.Y356*, p.R413P and IVS4-1G > A. 76.33% of mutations were localized in exons 3, 6, 7, 11, 12. We further compared the frequency of each mutation between populations in northern and southern China and found significant differences in 19 mutations. Furthermore, we identified 101 mutations that are not reported before in Chinese population, our study thus broadens the mutational spectrum of Chinese PKU patients. Additionally, 41 novel mutations will expand and improve PAH mutation database. Finally, our study offers proof that NGS is effective, reduces screening times and costs and facilitates the provision of appropriate genetic counseling for PKU patients.
Multispectral optical metasurfaces enabled by achromatic phase transition
Authors: Zhao Zeyu , Pu Mingbo , Gao Hui , Jin Jinjin , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Wang Yanqin , Gao Ping , Luo Xiangang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe independent control of electromagnetic waves with different oscillating frequencies is critical in the modern electromagnetic techniques, such as wireless communications and multispectral imaging. To obtain complete control of different light waves with optical materials, the chromatic dispersion should be carefully controlled, which is however extremely difficult. In this paper, we propose a method to control the behaviors of different light waves through a metasurface which is able to generate achromatic geometric phase. Using this approach, a doughnut-shaped and a solid light spot were achieved at the same focal plane using two light sources with different wavelengths as used in the stimulation emission depletion (STED) microscope system. In order to reveal the full capacity of such method, tight focusing at multiple wavelengths is also represented, where the focal spots of different wavelengths are located at the same position. The results provided here may open a new door to the design of subminiature optical components and integrated optical system operating at multiple wavelengths.
Transcriptomic and genetic studies identify NFAT5 as a candidate gene for cocaine dependence
Authors: Fernàndez-Castillo N , Cabana-Domínguez J , Soriano J , Sànchez-Mora C , Roncero C , Grau-López L , Ros-Cucurull E , Daigre C , van Donkelaar M M J , Franke B , Casas M , Ribasés M , Cormand B 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCocaine reward and reinforcing effects are mediated mainly by dopaminergic neurotransmission. In this study, we aimed at evaluating gene expression changes induced by acute cocaine exposure on SH-SY5Y-differentiated cells, which have been widely used as a dopaminergic neuronal model. Expression changes and a concomitant increase in neuronal activity were observed after a 5 μM cocaine exposure, whereas no changes in gene expression or in neuronal activity took place at 1 μM cocaine. Changes in gene expression were identified in a total of 756 genes, mainly related to regulation of transcription and gene expression, cell cycle, adhesion and cell projection, as well as mitogen-activeated protein kinase (MAPK), CREB, neurotrophin and neuregulin signaling pathways. Some genes displaying altered expression were subsequently targeted with predicted functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a case–control association study in a sample of 806 cocaine-dependent patients and 817 controls. This study highlighted associations between cocaine dependence and five SNPs predicted to alter microRNA binding at the 3′-untranslated region of the NFAT5 gene. The association of SNP rs1437134 with cocaine dependence survived the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. A functional effect was confirmed for this variant by a luciferase reporter assay, with lower expression observed for the rs1437134G allele, which was more pronounced in the presence of hsa-miR-509. However, brain volumes in regions of relevance to addiction, as assessed with magnetic resonance imaging, did not correlate with NFAT5 variation. These results suggest that the NFAT5 gene, which is upregulated a few hours after cocaine exposure, may be involved in the genetic predisposition to cocaine dependence.
Genetic modulation of oxytocin sensitivity: a pharmacogenetic approach
Authors: Chen F S , Kumsta R , Dvorak F , Domes G , Yim O S , Ebstein R P , Heinrichs M 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin has been shown to influence a range of complex social cognitions and social behaviors, and it holds therapeutic potential for the treatment of mental disorders characterized by social functioning deficits such as autism, social phobia and borderline personality disorder. However, considerable variability exists in individual responses to oxytocin administration. Here, we undertook a study to investigate the role of genetic variation in sensitivity to exogenous oxytocin using a socioemotional task. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment with a repeated-measures (crossover) design, we assessed the performance of 203 men on an emotion recognition task under oxytocin and placebo. We took a haplotype-based approach to investigate the association between oxytocin receptor gene variation and oxytocin sensitivity. We identified a six-marker haplotype block spanning the promoter region and intron 3 that was significantly associated with our measure of oxytocin sensitivity. Specifically, the TTCGGG haplotype comprising single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs237917–rs2268498–rs4564970–rs237897–rs2268495–rs53576 is associated with increased emotion recognition performance under oxytocin versus placebo, and the CCGAGA haplotype with the opposite pattern. These results on the genetic modulation of sensitivity to oxytocin document a significant source of individual differences with implications for personalized treatment approaches using oxytocin administration.
Current‐mode‐based programming interpolation circuit
Authors: Li Hongge , Wang Xiang 
Published: October 2015

The current‐mode‐based programming interpolation circuit is presented. The proposed circuit can be configured so that any arbitrary number of currents can be generated and independently programmed. The programming circuit is verified by a polynomial interpolation current‐modulation sub‐DAC. The polynomial interpolation method provides highly accurate grey‐level voltages because of the programming source. The DAC including the programming interpolation cell was implemented in 0.35 μm CMOS process with DNL and INL of 0.43 and 0.40 LSB, respectively.
Efficient exfoliation of molybdenum disulphide nanosheets by a high‐pressure homogeniser
Authors: Shang Jingqi , Xue Feng , Ding Enyong 
Published: October 2015

A facile and fast approach is demonstrated for the production of well‐dispersed molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanosheets through the exfoliation of MoS2 bulk using a high‐pressure homogeniser in pure solvents. The MoS2 bulk was infiltrated in dimethylformamide for several hours, then homogenised at 100 MPa for 10 min, followed by centrifugation to obtain few‐layer MoS2 nanosheets. The structure and morphology of the nanosheets were examined by atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The bulk also had an exfoliation in water and alcohol, but the suspension was unstable. It can be concluded that the energy as well as solvents plays a critical role in the liquid–phase exfoliation. These results provide a physical perspective for understanding the exfoliation of other layered materials in aqueous and ethanol dispersions.
Optical micro‐electro‐mechanical‐system pressure sensor based on light intensity modulation
Authors: Zhao Yulong , Li Cun , Hao Mengmeng , Cheng Rongjun , Fan Xiaole , Chen Pei 
Published: October 2015

An optical micro‐electro‐mechanical‐system pressure sensor based on light intensity modulation is described. The idea is to use light for signal transmission to replace electrical signal, which isolates the sensor from electrical signals, so that it is quite suitable in flammable and combustible areas such as petrochemical and oil well. The sensor is composed of silicon diaphragm and optical system. The silicon diaphragm is fabricated from bulk micromachining technology and Si3N4 film is deposited on diaphragm for reflecting light. In the optical cable, one fibre conducts source light to the diaphragm and the other fibres conduct the reflected light back to photoelectric detection circuit. When pressure is applied on the sensor, the diaphragm will deform causing the intensity shift of reflected light. Photoelectric detection circuit converts the intensity of reflected light to voltage. The voltage is proportional to reflected light intensity and, in turn, to the deformation of silicon diaphragm, so that pressure can be measured. Deformation of silicon diaphragm is acquired by finite element method. Sensor's optical features are also analysed. Sensor prototype has been fabricated and encapsulated. The measurement range is 0–20 MPa and experimental sensitivity is −7.2 mV/MPa.