bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk stratification in 3‐vessel coronary artery disease: Applying the SYNTAX Score II in the Heart Team Discussion of the SYNTAXII trial
Authors: Campos Carlos M. , Stanetic Bojan M. , Farooq Vasim , Walsh Simon , Ishibashi Yuki , Onuma Yoshinobu , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. , Escaned Javier , Banning Adrian , Serruys Patrick W. ,   on behalf of the SYNTAX II Study Group
Published: May 2015

BackgroundHeart Team (HT) and the SYNTAX Score II (SSII) have been integrated to the contemporary guidelines with the aim to provide a multidisciplinary decision‐making process between coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).AimsTo prospectively assess the agreement between the HT decision and the SSII recommendation regarding the revascularization strategy in patients with 3‐vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) of the SYNTAX II trial.MethodsThe SSII predicts the 4‐year mortality of an individual patient both after PCI and after CABG. Patients were treated by PCI when the SSII predicted a mortality risk favoring PCI or when risk predictions were equipoise between PCI and CABG. However, the HT could overrule the SSII and recommend either CABG or PCI.ResultsA total of 202 patients have been screened and 24 did not fulfill inclusion criteria. The median age was 67.0 (IQR 59.0–73.3), and 167 (82.7%) were male. The HT endorsed SSII treatment recommendation, for CABG or PCI, in 152 patients (85.4%). Three patients had preference for PCI, irrespective of the HT decision. The main reason for the HT to overrule the SSII and recommend CABG was the prospect of a more complete revascularization (21 of 25 patients). Patients recommended for CABG by the HT had significantly higher anatomical SYNTAX score (P = 0.03) and higher predicted mortality risk for PCI (P = 0.04) when compared with patients that were enrolled in the trial.ConclusionThe SYNTAX score II showed to be a suitable tool for guiding treatment decisions of patients with 3‐vessel coronary artery disease being endorsed by the HT in the vast majority of the patients that have been enrolled in the SYNTAX II trial. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of High‐Tensile‐Strength Paracetamol Tablets Using the Freeze‐Casting Process
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Thi Nhat , Ulrich Joachim 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA fast‐dissolving solid dosage form (tablet), containing in this case paracetamol as an active pharmaceutical ingredient and modified starch as an additive, was successfully produced by means of the freeze‐casting process. The structure and two key properties, namely, disintegration time and tensile strength, of freeze‐casted tablets were investigated. The produced tablets exhibit a threefold faster disintegration time with equal tensile strength in comparison to the commercial compressed tablets. Sugar as a binder, however, can just improve the disintegration rate but not enhance the tensile strength due to different mechanisms working.
Clinical utility of plasma Epstein‐Barr virus DNA and ERCC1 single nucleotide polymorphism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hui Edwin P. , Ma Brigette B. Y. , Chan K. C. Allen , Chan Charles M. L. , Wong Cesar S. C. , To Ka Fai , Chan Anthony W. H. , Tung Stewart Y. , Ng Wai‐Tong , Cheng Ashley C. , Lee Victor H. F. , Chan Stephen L. , Loong Herbert H. F. , Kam Michael K. M. , Leung Sing‐Fai , Ho Rosalie , Mo Frankie , Ngan Roger K. C. , Chan Anthony T. C. 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDSingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the excision repair cross‐complementing group 1 (ERCC1) gene has been linked with sensitivity to platinum and radiation. The authors hypothesized that the ERCC1 genotype for the SNPs cytosine‐to‐thymine substitution at codon 118 (C118T) and cytosine‐to‐adenine substitution at codon 8092 (C8092A) is prognostic in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who receive either radiotherapy (RT) or cisplatin plus RT.METHODSThe authors tested their hypothesis using biomarker screening samples from the Hong Kong NPC Study Group 0502 trial, which was a prospective, multicenter clinical trial that used post‐RT plasma Epstein‐Bar virus (EBV) DNA (pEBV) levels to screen patients with high‐risk NPC for adjuvant chemotherapy.RESULTSERCC1 SNPs were analyzed in 576 consecutive patients who were screened by pEBV. In the total biomarker population, there was no significant association of ERCC1 C118T or C8092A genotype with relapse‐free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS). There also was no correlation between ERCC1 genotype and ERCC1 protein or messenger RNA expression in a subset of patients who had available paired biopsies. Post‐RT pEBV status was the only independent prognosticator for RFS and OS in multivariate analyses. However, there was a significant interaction between ERCC1 C118T genotype and post‐RT pEBV status (RFS, P = .0106; OS, P = .0067). The ERCC1 C118T genotype was significantly associated with both RFS (hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.07‐2.61; P = .024) and OS (hazard ratio, 2.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.22‐4.40; P = .0106) in the post‐RT pEBV‐negative population, but not in the pEBV‐positive population.CONCLUSIONSThe current results prospectively validate pEBV as the most significant prognostic biomarker in NPC that can be used to select high‐risk patients for adjuvant therapy. The ERCC1 C118T genotype may help to identify a favorable subgroup (approximately 7%) of pEBV‐negative patients with NPC who have an excellent prognosis and can be spared the toxicities of further therapy. Cancer 2015;121:2720‐2729. © 2015 American Cancer Society
Psychometric properties of an Australian supportive care needs assessment tool for Indigenous patients with cancer
Authors: Garvey Gail , Beesley Vanessa L. , Janda Monika , O'Rourke Peter K. , He Vincent Y.F. , Hawkes Anna L. , Elston Jacinta K. , Green Adele C. , Cunningham Joan , Valery Patricia C. 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDThere are significant disparities in cancer outcomes between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians. Identifying the unmet supportive care needs of Indigenous Australians with cancer is imperative to improve their cancer care. The purpose of the current study was to test the psychometric properties of a supportive cancer care needs assessment tool for Indigenous people (SCNAT‐IP) with cancer.METHODSThe SCNAT‐IP was administered to 248 Indigenous Australians diagnosed with a range of cancer types and stages, and who received treatment in 1 of 4 Queensland hospitals. All 39 items were assessed for ceiling and floor effects and were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis to determine construct validity. Identified factors were assessed for internal consistency and convergent validity to validated psychosocial tools.RESULTSExploratory factor analysis revealed a 4‐factor structure (physical and psychological, hospital care, information and communication, and practical and cultural needs) explaining 51% of the variance. Internal consistency of the 4 subscales was good, with Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients ranging from .70 to .89. Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations between the SCNAT‐IP with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.60; P<.001) and the Cancer Worry Chart (r = 0.58; P<.001) and a moderately strong negative correlation with the Assessment of Quality of Life questionnaire (r = ‐0.56; P<.001).CONCLUSIONSThese data provide initial support for the SCNAT‐IP, a measure of multiple supportive care needs domains specific to Indigenous Australian patients with cancer undergoing treatment. Cancer 2015;121:3018–3026. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Focus on perfectionism in female adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Hurst Kim , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveMaudsley Family‐Based Treatment (FBT) for anorexia is successful for between 50 and 80% of adolescents. To improve this success rate, various approaches to augmenting the treatment have been proposed.MethodIn this study, we describe the treatment of three girls with FBTaugmented with a module focusing on perfectionism, defined as personally prescribed or socially derived irrational and rigid expectations and exceedingly high standards of self performance. Multiple times across the 1 year of treatment, girls completed the measures of perfectionism and other outcomes.ResultsThe results were optimistic for remission, and showed reductions in girls? perfectionism and obsessional and rigid thinking. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:936–941).
Hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis masked by anorexia nervosa
Authors: Smalls‐Mantey Adjoa , Steinglass Joanna , Primack Marshall , Clark‐Hamilton Jill , Bongiovi Mary 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAnorexia nervosa (AN) is typically associated with altered thyroid function tests, notably a low total and free T3, and lower, but within normal range, free T4 and TSH. A 16‐year‐old girl with a four‐year history of AN presented with elevated TSH that fluctuated with changes in weight. TSH was within normal limits (1.7–3.64 mIU/L) following periods of weight loss and elevated with weight gain (5.9–21.66 mIU/L). Antithyroperoxidase antibodies were markedly elevated, suggesting chronic Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Of note, the elevated TSH that would be expected in Hashimoto's thyroiditis was blunted by weight loss associated with AN. Physicians should be aware that AN may contribute to masking thyroid abnormalities in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:932–935).
Does shared genetic risk contribute to the co‐occurrence of eating disorders and suicidality?
Authors: Wade Tracey D. , Fairweather‐Schmidt A. Kate , Zhu Gu , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThere is a high level of co‐occurrence of suicidality with eating disorders (EDs) but the reason for this is unknown. To test the hypothesis that suicidality and EDs share genetic risk contributing to the expression of both phenotypes.MethodFemale twins (N = 1,002) from the Australian Twin Registry, aged 28–40 years, were interviewed with diagnostic interviews. Lifetime diagnostic information relating to eating disorders [anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder, and purging disorder (PD)], suicidality (ranging transitory thoughts to suicide attempts), and major depression.ResultsAny suicidal thoughts were reported by 24% of the sample, but prevalence of lifetime suicidality among female twins with EDs was much higher (43%), presence of an ED diagnosis more than doubling likelihood of suicidality (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.63–3.31). AN and BN conveyed greatest risk of suicidality (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.06–3.87; OR = 3.97, 95% CI: 2.01–7.85, respectively). Twin phenotype correlations showed monozygotic twins had uniformly higher estimates than dizygotic counterparts. A trivariate Cholesky model indicated a common genetic influence on suicidality and ED phenotypes (but not depression), and no nonshared environmental source.DiscussionBoth cross twin phenotypic correlations and genetic modeling infer a common genetic pathway for suicidality and EDs, but further investigation is needed to elucidate whether this may constitute emotional dysregulation or other temperament‐linked factors. Study findings also indicate that ED clients must be routinely assessed for presence of suicidality, independent of depression status. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:684–691)
Virulence of oomycete pathogens from Phragmites australis‐invaded and noninvaded soils to seedlings of wetland plant species
Authors: Crocker Ellen V. , Karp Mary Ann , Nelson Eric B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSoil pathogens affect plant community structure and function through negative plant–soil feedbacks that may contribute to the invasiveness of non‐native plant species. Our understanding of these pathogen‐induced soil feedbacks has relied largely on observations of the collective impact of the soil biota on plant populations, with few observations of accompanying changes in populations of specific soil pathogens and their impacts on invasive and noninvasive species. As a result, the roles of specific soil pathogens in plant invasions remain unknown. In this study, we examine the diversity and virulence of soil oomycete pathogens in freshwater wetland soils invaded by non‐native Phragmites australis (European common reed) to better understand the potential for soil pathogen communities to impact a range of native and non‐native species and influence invasiveness. We isolated oomycetes from four sites over a 2‐year period, collecting nearly 500 isolates belonging to 36 different species. These sites were dominated by species of Pythium, many of which decreased seedling survival of a range of native and invasive plants. Despite any clear host specialization, many of the Pythium species were differentially virulent to the native and non‐native plant species tested. Isolates from invaded and noninvaded soils were equally virulent to given individual plant species, and no apparent differences in susceptibility were observed between the collective groups of native and non‐native plant species.
State‐Dependent Modulation of Cortical Synchrony by Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Adult Rats
Authors: USAMI KENICHI , KANO RYUJI , KAWAI KENSUKE , NODA TAKAHIRO , SHIRAMATSU TOMOYO ISOGUCHI , SAITO NOBUHITO , TAKAHASHI HIROKAZU 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a palliative treatment for intractable epilepsy. Therapeutic mechanisms of VNS have not been elucidated. In this study, we measured the local field potential (LFP) with high‐spatial resolution using a microelectrode array in adult rats, and analyzed VNS‐induced phase modulation at a local network level. Eight adult Wistar rats (270–330 g) were used. Each rat underwent implantation of a VNS system under 1.5% isoflurane anesthesia. One week after implantation, right temporal craniotomy was performed under the same anesthesia as previously. Subsequently, a microelectrode array was placed in the temporal lobe cortex, and the LFP was recorded with a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. Phase‐locking values (PLV) between all pairs of electrodes in varied frequency bands were calculated in order to evaluate the effect of VNS in terms of synchrony of neuronal activities. The PLV was calculated both in a normal state and in an epileptic state induced by kainic acid. VNS increased the PLV in a normal state, particularly in the high‐γ band. In an epileptic state, on the other hand, VNS increased the PLV in the high‐γ band and decreased the PLV in the δ and low‐β bands. These results suggest that VNS modulates neural activities in a band‐specific and state‐dependent manner so as to keep cortical synchrony within the optimal state.
Preparation of Halogen‐Containing 4H‐Pyrido[e][1,3]oxazin‐4‐ones and Their Transformation into 2‐Hydroxypyridinyl‐Substituted 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles and 1,2,4‐Triazoles
Authors: Le Falher Laetitia , Ben Ayad Omar , Ziyaret Ozge , Botuha Candice , Thorimbert Serge , Slowinski Franck 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA complete study on the preparation of original halogen‐containing 4H‐pyrido[e][1,3]oxazin‐4‐ones and their transformation into 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles and 1,2,4‐triazoles is presented. Starting from pyridyl‐imide sodium salts, the efficiency of the intramolecular O‐arylation was studied on three series of compounds, with different fluoro‐, chloro‐, and bromophenyl substituents at the C‐2 position. The final halogenated compounds are of interest as new synthons for future functionalisation. We also present the discovery of a new, rapid, and complementary access to 2‐substituted 4H‐benzo[e][1,3]oxazinones. Finally, the one‐step transformation of some of these pyrido‐oxazinones into the corresponding hydroxypyridyl‐substituted 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles and 1,2,4‐triazoles was explored, and the regioselectivity of the reaction was proved by X‐ray crystallography.
Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted Pyrido[1′,2′:1,5]pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyridazines by Means of SNAr and Palladium‐Catalysed Reactions
Authors: Belaroussi Rabia , El Hakmaoui Ahmed , Percina Nathalie , Chartier Agnes , Marchivie Mathieu , Massip Stéphane , Jarry Christian , Akssira Mohamed , Guillaumet Gérald , Routier Sylvain 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe first efficient synthesis of various 1,4‐disubstituted pyrido[1′,2′:1,5]pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyridazines is reported. The reactivity toward chlorine release at the C‐1 and C‐4 positions was investigated. SNAr and palladium‐catalysed cross‐coupling reactions were carried out, and conditions were optimised for each procedure. 1,4‐Bis(het)aryl derivatives were obtained under a Suzuki cross‐coupling procedure whereas SNAr substitution was achieved mainly at C‐1 in preference to C‐4. The monosubstituted C‐4 morpholino derivative was used as a starting material to provide dissymmetrical 1,4‐diaminated or 1‐(het)aryl‐4‐morpholino products.
Evacuation experiments in a virtual reality high‐rise building: exit choice and waiting time for evacuation elevators
Authors: Andrée Kristin , Nilsson Daniel , Eriksson Joakim 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe egress strategy in high‐rise buildings has traditionally been based on the sole use of stairs for evacuation. However, it is becoming more common to include evacuation elevators in the egress strategy in high‐rise buildings. Traditionally, evacuation elevators have not been allowed as an evacuation route, and people have been instructed to not use elevators in case of fire. This means that people might still not consider evacuation elevators even if they are designed to be safe in case of fire. Even if people choose evacuation elevators, they might not be willing to wait very long for an elevator to arrive. Virtual reality (VR) experiments were conducted to study exit choice and the waiting time for evacuation elevators in high‐rise buildings. The experiment was performed in a VR lab with a VR model of an existing high‐rise building. Results suggest that a simple way‐finding system using green flashing lights can influence people to more likely choose the elevator as their first evacuation choice. The results also show that the general trend is that people wait for either a limited time (<5 min) or a long time (>20 min). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cosmic Collisions in the Experimental Chamber
Authors: Kenkmann Thomas , Poelchau Michael , Deutsch Alex , Thoma Klaus 
Published: May 2015

AbstractShedding new light on fundamental evolutionary processes in the solar system: from the beginnings of our planet to the present day, asteroids and comets have shaped the geological development of planetary bodies. The high‐speed processes that occur during impact events are now being modelled by a group of researchers in the laboratory.
IL‐33 promotes MHC class II expression in murine mast cells
Authors: Ito Tomonobu , Egusa Chizu , Maeda Tatsuo , Numata Takafumi , Nakano Nobuhiro , Nishiyama Chiharu , Tsuboi Ryoji 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMast cells (MCs), recognized as tissue‐resident cells of hematopoietic origin, are involved in cellular and pathological manifestations of allergic disorders including atopic dermatitis. IL‐33, a member of the IL‐1 cytokine family, activates Th2‐type immune responses, and promotes the degranulation and maturation of MCs. However, it is uncertain whether IL‐33 treatment induces mature mast cells to acquire the characteristics of the monocyte‐dendritic cell lineage.We investigated the effect of IL‐33 on the MHC class II expression and function of murine mast cells. IL‐33‐treated mature murine bone marrow‐derived mast cells (BMMCs) were analyzed by FACS, real‐time PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, and Western blotting. The morphology and degranulation activity of BMMCs and T‐cell activation by BMMCs were also examined. BMMCs treated with IL‐33 for 10 days induced cell surface expression of the MHC class II protein, whereas the expression of FcεRI and c‐kit was not affected by IL‐33. The expression of CIITA, driven from pIII and pIV, was up‐regulated in IL‐33‐treated BMMCs. The amount of PU.1 mRNA and protein significantly increased in IL‐33‐treated BMMCs. The ChIP assay showed PU.1 binding to CIITA pIII, and enhanced histone acetylation due to IL‐33 treatment. Syngeneic T cells were activated by co‐culture with IL‐33‐treated BMMCs, although the expression of the co‐stimulatory molecules, CD40, CD80, CD86, and PDL‐1, was not detected. Mast cells express MHC class II after prolonged exposure to IL‐33, probably due to enhanced recruitment of PU.1 to CIITA pIII, resulting in transactivation of CIITA and MHC class II. IL‐33 is an important cytokine in allergic disorders. Mast cells have the ability to express MHC class II after prolonged exposure to IL‐33 in a murine model. IL‐33 holds a key to understanding the etiology of atopic dermatitis.
Bacterial clearance reverses a skewed T‐cell repertoire induced by Salmonella infection
Authors: Leyva‐Rangel Jessica P. , de los Angeles Hernández‐Cueto Maria , Galan‐Enriquez Carlos‐Samuel , López‐Medina Marcela , Ortiz‐Navarrete Vianney 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSalmonella typhimurium invades the spleen, liver, and peripheral lymph nodes and has recently been detected in the bone marrow and thymus, resulting in a reduced thymic size and a decline in the total number of thymic cells. A specific deletion of the double‐positive cell subset has been characterized, yet the export of mature T cells to the periphery remains normal. We analyzed Salmonella pathogenesis regarding thymic structure and the T‐cell maturation process. We demonstrate that, despite alterations in the thymic structure, T‐cell development is maintained during Salmonella infection, allowing the selection of single‐positive T‐cell clones expressing particular T‐cell receptor beta chains (TCR‐Vβ). Moreover, the treatment of infected mice with an antibiotic restored the normal thymic architecture and thymocyte subset distribution. Additionally, the frequency of TCR‐Vβ usage after treatment was comparable to that in non‐infected mice. However, bacteria were still recovered from the thymus after 1 month of treatment. Our data reveal that a skewed T‐cell developmental process is present in the Salmonella‐infected thymus that alters the TCR‐Vβ usage frequency. Likewise, the post‐treatment persistence of Salmonella reveals a novel function of the thymus as a potential reservoir for this infectious agent.
Evaluation of the Alere NT‐proBNP Test for Point of Care Testing
Authors: Khezri Banafsheh Seyyed , Carlsson Lena , Larsson Anders 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundThe object of the study was to evaluate the Alere point of care NT‐proBNP assay as a suitable alternative to the central laboratory method to provide short test turnaround times in primary care.MethodBlood NT‐proBNP results obtained with the Alere assay (n = 100) were compared with serum NT‐proBNP results analyzed by a Cobas 8000 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany).ResultsThere was a good agreement between the two NT‐proBNP methods when used as a rule‐out test for heart failure (HF) and the cut‐off value <300 ng/l. A total of 47 samples gave values <300 ng/L with both methods and 51 samples gave values >300 with both methods. Thus, there was an agreement for 98% of the samples.ConclusionsThe study shows that the Alere NT‐proBNP assay could be used in primary care permitting rapid NT‐proBNP testing to rule out HF.