bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial–Temporal Changes of Water Resources in a Typical Semiarid Basin of North China over the Past 50 Years and Assessment of Possible Natural and Socioeconomic Causes
Authors: Yong Bin , Ren Liliang , Hong Yang , Gourley Jonathan J. , Chen Xi , Dong Jinwei , Wang Weiguang , Shen Yan , Hardy Jill 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHydrological processes in most semiarid regions on Earth have been changing under the impacts of climate change, human activities, or combinations of the two. This paper first presents a trend analysis of the spatiotemporal changes in water resources and then diagnoses their underlying atmospheric and socioeconomic causes over 10 catchments in the Laoha basin, a typical semiarid zone of northeast China. The impacts of climate variability and human activities on streamflow change were quantitatively evaluated by the VIC (Variable Infiltration Capacity) model. First, results indicate that six out of the 10 studied catchments have statistically significant downward trends in annual streamflow; however, there is no significant change of annual precipitation for all catchments. Two abrupt changes of annual streamflow at 1979 and 1998 are identified for the four largest catchments. Second, the Laoha basin generally experienced three evident dry–wet pattern switches during the past 50 years. Furthermore, this basin is currently suffering from unprecedented water shortages. Large-scale climate variability has affected the local natural hydrologic system. Third, quantitative evaluation shows human activities were the main driving factors for the streamflow reduction with contributions of approximately 90% for the whole basin. A significant increase in irrigated area, which inevitably resulted in tremendous agricultural water consumption, is the foremost culprit contributing to the dramatic runoff reduction, especially at midstream and downstream of the Laoha basin. This study is expected to enable policymakers and stakeholders to make well-informed, short-term practice decisions and better plan long-term water resource and ecoenvironment management strategies.
Response of the Inertial Recirculation to Intensified Stratification in a Two-Layer Quasigeostrophic Ocean Circulation Model
Authors: Sun Shantong , Wu Lixin , Qiu Bo 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Previous observation and model studies show that the upper-ocean stratification is enhanced under global warming (Capotondi et al.; Cravatte et al.; Deser et al., etc.). The response of the recirculation, which is associated with the western boundary current (WBC) jet extension and significantly increases its transport, to the intensified stratification, is studied in a two-layer quasigeostrophic ocean circulation model. It is found that the barotropic transport of the circulation first increases with stratification but then decreases as a result of saturation of the surface-layer circulation intensity when the stratification exceeds a threshold. PV budget analysis indicates that the saturation is caused by the increased intergyre transport of relative potential vorticity resulting from the intensified variability of the jet location. Both the barotropic instability and bifurcation mechanisms contribute to the intensified variability of the jet location. Because of barotropic instability, eddies are generated in the confluence region of the WBCs and advected eastward, causing the variability of the jet location. With increased stratification, the surface-layer circulation is strengthened and the barotropic instability is intensified. As a result, the surface flow becomes more variable with excessive eddies and intense variability of the jet. With the increasing stratification, three regimes, each marked by its own variation of the jet location, emerge owing to the successive system bifurcations. In the last two regimes, variability of the jet location is further enhanced by frequent switches among the different dynamic states on multidecadal time scales.
Acute myocarditis in vivax malaria: an extremely rare complication
Authors: Ahmad Sohaib , Dhar Minakshi , Bishnoi Shilpa , Shirazi Nadia , Bhat Nowneet K 
Published: April 2013

Summary We report on the occurrence of pulmonary oedema due to acute myocarditis in an adolescent girl, from the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand, with Plasmodium vivax infection after parasite clearance. Apart from pancytopenia, there were no other features of severe malaria. With the emergence of literature about the complications encountered in P. vivax, especially from this region, a high index of suspicion for unusual cardiovascular manifestations is necessary in cases with acute malaria.
Subacute intestinal obstruction: an enigma revisited
Authors: Jain Bhupendra Kumar , Agrawal Juhi , Rathi Vinita , Garg Pankaj Kumar , Dubey Indu Bhushan 
Published: April 2013

Summary Sixty-three patients presenting with subacute intestinal obstruction (SAIO) were studied. Thirty (47.6%) reported recurrent symptoms. Exaggerated bowel sound, visible/palpable bowel loops, distention of abdomen and abdominal lumps were observed in 60.3%, 28.5%, 25.3% and 19.0% patients, respectively. Thirty (47.6%) required emergency laparotomy. Investigations revealed lesions requiring surgery in 14 of 33 patients which were relieved with conservative treatment. The accuracy of ultrasonography, contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan and diagnostic laparoscopy was 57.1%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Ileum was the most common site of obstruction (79.5%). Adhesions and small intestinal strictures were the two most frequent cause of obstruction seen in 31.8% and 27.2%, respectively. Tuberculous pathology was demonstrated in 23 (52.2%). Previous abdominal surgery was found to be the only predictor of the success of conservative treatment (13/19 versus 7/44). All patients of SAIO, whose symptoms were relieved with conservative treatment, and who do not have history of abdominal surgery, should be subjected to CECTand/or diagnostic laparoscopy in order to discover the underlying cause of the obstruction. When these diagnostic modalities are not available, laparotomy is an effective alternative for this group of patients.
Antenatal care registration and predicting factors of late registration among pregnant women
Authors: Patel Prakash B , Rupani Mihir Prafulbhai , Patel Swati S 
Published: April 2013

Summary The objective of antenatal care (ANC) is prevention, early recognition and treatment of pregnancy related ailments as well as general medical problems. It also provides an opportunity for reproductive health counselling. Early registration at an antenatal clinic is recommended. However, the majority of pregnant women are entered late into an antenatal care programme, especially in developing countries such as India. We explored the factors associated with late antenatal registration in a rural area of Gujarat State.
Functional CLOCK gene rs1554483 G/C polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease in the Chinese population
Authors: Chen Qian , Huang Chang-Quan , Hu Xiu-Ying , Li Song-Bing , Zhang Xue-Mei 
Published: April 2013

Objective To examine the association between the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput ( CLOCK) gene rs1554483 G/C polymorphism and susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease in Chinese people. Methods This case–control study determined apolipoprotein E ( APOE) and CLOCK rs1554483 G/C genotypes using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results Unrelated patients with Alzheimer's disease ( n = 130) and healthy controls ( n = 188) were analysed for an association between the CLOCK gene rs1554483 G/C polymorphism and susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. In the whole sample and in APOE ɛ4 isoform noncarriers, the prevalence of CLOCK gene rs1554483 G allele carriers was significantly higher in patients with Alzheimer's disease than in controls. Among APOE ɛ4 carriers, the prevalence of CLOCK rs1554483 G allele carriers was not significantly different between patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls. Conclusion Among APOE ɛ4 noncarriers, but not APOE ɛ4 carriers, the CLOCK rs1554483 G allele was associated with increased susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease.
Therapy prolongation improves outcome in multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Gadner Helmut , Minkov Milen , Grois Nicole , Pötschger Ulrike , Thiem Elfriede , Aricò Maurizio , Astigarraga Itziar , Braier Jorge , Donadieu Jean , Henter Jan-Inge , Janka-Schaub Gritta , McClain Kenneth L. , Weitzman Sheila , Windebank Kevin , Ladisch Stephan 
Published: April 2013

Key Points
Reactivations of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (MS-LCH) are reduced by prolonging initial chemotherapy. The previously high mortality of high-risk (risk-organ–positive) MS-LCH in children has been markedly reduced.
Hermite-Hadamard type and Fejér type inequalities for general weights (I)
Authors: Hwang Shiow-Ru , Tseng Kuei-Lin , Hsu Kai-Chen 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we establish some weighted versions of the Hermite-Hadamard type and Fejér type inequalities and from which generalize Hermite-Hadamard inequality, Fejér inequality and several results in (Dragomir in J. Math. Anal. Appl. 167:49-56, 1992; Yang and Hong in Tamkang. J. Math. 28(1):33-37, 1997; Yang and Tseng in J. Math. Anal. Appl. 239:180-187, 1999; Yang and Tseng in Taiwan. J. Math. 7(3):433-440, 2003).

MSC:26D15, 26A51.
Enrichr: interactive and collaborative HTML5 gene list enrichment analysis tool
Authors: Chen Edward Y , Tan Christopher M , Kou Yan , Duan Qiaonan , Wang Zichen , Meirelles Gabriela Vaz , Clark Neil R , Ma’ayan Avi 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
System-wide profiling of genes and proteins in mammalian cells produce lists of differentially expressed genes/proteins that need to be further analyzed for their collective functions in order to extract new knowledge. Once unbiased lists of genes or proteins are generated from such experiments, these lists are used as input for computing enrichment with existing lists created from prior knowledge organized into gene-set libraries. While many enrichment analysis tools and gene-set libraries databases have been developed, there is still room for improvement.

Results
Here, we present Enrichr, an integrative web-based and mobile software application that includes new gene-set libraries, an alternative approach to rank enriched terms, and various interactive visualization approaches to display enrichment results using the JavaScript library, Data Driven Documents (D3). The software can also be embedded into any tool that performs gene list analysis. We applied Enrichr to analyze nine cancer cell lines by comparing their enrichment signatures to the enrichment signatures of matched normal tissues. We observed a common pattern of up regulation of the polycomb group PRC2 and enrichment for the histone mark H3K27me3 in many cancer cell lines, as well as alterations in Toll-like receptor and interlukin signaling in K562 cells when compared with normal myeloid CD33+ cells. Such analyses provide global visualization of critical differences between normal tissues and cancer cell lines but can be applied to many other scenarios.

Conclusions
Enrichr is an easy to use intuitive enrichment analysis web-based tool providing various types of visualization summaries of collective functions of gene lists. Enrichr is open source and freely available online at: http://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/Enrichr.
Changes in the transcriptome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparumduring the initial phase of transmission from the human to the mosquito
Authors: Ngwa Che Julius , Scheuermayer Matthias , Mair Gunnar Rudolf , Kern Selina , Brügl Thomas , Wirth Christine Clara , Aminake Makoah Nigel , Wiesner Jochen , Fischer Rainer , Vilcinskas Andreas , Pradel Gabriele 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe transmission of the malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparumfrom the human to the mosquito is mediated by dormant sexual precursor cells, the gametocytes, which become activated in the mosquito midgut. Because gametocytes are the only parasite stages able to establish an infection in the mosquito, they play a crucial role in spreading the tropical disease. The human-to-mosquito transmission triggers important molecular changes in the gametocytes, which initiate gametogenesis and prepare the parasite for life-cycle progression in the insect vector.ResultsTo better understand gene regulations during the initial phase of malaria parasite transmission, we focused on the transcriptome changes that occur within the first half hour of parasite development in the mosquito. Comparison of mRNA levels ofP. falciparumgametocytes before and 30 min following activation using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) identified 126 genes, which changed in expression during gametogenesis. Among these, 17.5% had putative functions in signaling, 14.3% were assigned to cell cycle and gene expression, 8.7% were linked to the cytoskeleton or inner membrane complex, 7.9% were involved in proteostasis and 6.4% in metabolism, 12.7% were cell surface-associated proteins, 11.9% were assigned to other functions, and 20.6% represented genes of unknown function. For 40% of the identified genes there has as yet not been any protein evidence.For a subset of 27 genes, transcript changes during gametogenesis were studied in detail by real-time RT-PCR. Of these, 22 genes were expressed in gametocytes, and for 15 genes transcript expression in gametocytes was increased compared to asexual blood stage parasites. Transcript levels of seven genes were particularly high in activated gametocytes, pointing at functions downstream of gametocyte transmission to the mosquito. For selected genes, a regulated expression during gametogenesis was confirmed on the protein level, using quantitative confocal microscopy.ConclusionsThe obtained transcriptome data demonstrate the regulations of gene expression immediately following malaria parasite transmission to the mosquito. Our findings support the identification of proteins important for sexual reproduction and further development of the mosquito midgut stages and provide insights into the genetic basis of the rapid adaption ofPlasmodiumto the insect vector.
The distribution of IgG subclass deposition on renal tissues from patients with anti-glomerular basement membrane disease
Authors: Qu Zhen , Cui Zhao , Liu Gang , Zhao Ming-hui 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Renal injury of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is defined by the linear deposition of IgG along GBM and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. To date, the distribution of anti-GBM IgG subclasses on renal tissue is still unclear. In the current study, we investigated the deposition of the four IgG subclasses using immunohistochemistry in the renal biopsy specimens from 46 patients with anti-GBM disease.

Results
All four IgG subclasses can be detected within the GBM. Anti-GBM IgG3 was detected in all patients (100%), with 39 (84.8%) patients presenting with weak segmental staining and 7 (15.2%) patients with strong linear deposition. Anti-GBM IgG2 was detected in 22 (47.8%) patients, with 20 (90.9%) patients having weak segmental deposition and 2 (9.1%) patients presenting strong linear staining. Anti-GBM IgG1 and IgG4 were detected in 9 (19.6%) and 7 (15.2%) patients, respectively. IgG deposition along tubular basement membrane (TBM) was also detected in 31 (67.4%) patients. Among them, the IgG subclass distribution was similar to that of the deposition within the GBM: IgG1 6.5% (2/31), IgG2 45.2% (14/31), IgG3 100% (31/31) and IgG4 9.7% (3/31). We observed increased inflammatory cell infiltration into the interstitium in patients with increased anti-TBM IgG3 deposits (P=0.031).

Conclusions
Anti-GBM IgG3 predominantly deposits along GBM and TBM on renal biopsy specimens from patients with anti-GBM disease, which may be involved in the development of renal injury of the disease.
Effects of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) on cell viability and differentiation in the human BeWo choriocarcinoma cell line: a potential syncytialisation inducer distinct from cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
Authors: Chen YuXia , Allars Megan , Pan Xin , Maiti Kaushik , Angeli Giavanna , Smith Roger , Nicholson Richard C 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Placental production of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) rises exponentially as pregnancy progresses, and has been linked with the onset of normal and preterm labour. CRH is produced in syncytiotrophoblast cells and production is increased by glucocorticoids and cAMP. It remains unclear whether cAMP acts by inducing differentiation of cytotrophoblasts and/or through induction of syncytialisation. As CRH can stimulate cAMP pathways we have tested whether a feed-forward system may exist in placental cells during syncytialisation.

Methods
The choriocarcinoma BeWo cell line was treated with cAMP, CRH or vehicle. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, while apoptosis was analysed by DAPI staining and by FACS. Differentiation was measured by assaying message for hCG and ERVW-1 (syncytin1) by qRT-PCR, as well as the respective protein by ELISA. Fusion of BeWo cells was assessed by co-staining cell membrane and nuclei with CellMask and Hoechst 33342. CRHR1 and CRHR2 mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR.

Results
We show that cAMP has an inductive effect on syncytialisation, as evidenced by induction of hCG secretion, by ERVW-1 mRNA expression and by formation of multinuclear cells. CRH mRNA expression was found to increase prior to the changes in the other syncytialisation markers. cAMP had an inhibitory effect on BeWo cell viability, but exogenous CRH did not. However, CRH did mimic the differentiation inducing effect of cAMP, suggesting a link between CRH and cAMP signalling in syncytialisation. We also found that treatment of BeWo cells with exogenous CRH resulted in elevated cellular CRHR1 levels.

Conclusions
This study suggests a positive feed-forward role exists for CRH in trophoblast cell differentiation, which may underlie the exponential rise in CRH observed as gestation advances.
Counter-forensics of SIFT-based copy-move detection by means of keypoint classification
Authors: Amerini Irene , Barni Mauro , Caldelli Roberto , Costanzo Andrea 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Copy-move forgeries are very common image manipulations that are often carried out with malicious intents. Among the techniques devised by the ‘Image Forensic’ community, those relying on scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) features are the most effective ones. In this paper, we approach the copy-move scenario from the perspective of an attacker whose goal is to remove such features. The attacks conceived so far against SIFT-based forensic techniques implicitly assume that all SIFT keypoints have similar properties. On the contrary, we base our attacking strategy on the observation that it is possible to classify them in different typologies. Also, one may devise attacks tailored to each specific SIFT class, thus improving the performance in terms of removal rate and visual quality. To validate our ideas, we propose to use a SIFT classification scheme based on the gray scale histogram of the neighborhood of SIFT keypoints. Once the classification is performed, we then attack the different classes by means of class-specific methods. Our experiments lead to three interesting results: (1) there is a significant advantage in using SIFT classification, (2) the classification-based attack is robust against different SIFT implementations, and (3) we are able to impair a state-of-the-art SIFT-based copy-move detector in realistic cases.
Impact of sub-thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on dual tasking gait in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Seri-Fainshtat Eliraz , Israel Zvi , Weiss Aner , Hausdorff Jeffrey M 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
The beneficial effects of bilateral sub-thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on motor function and gait in advanced Parkinson’s disease are established. Less is known about the effect of stimulation on cognitive function and the capacity to walk while dual tasking, an ability that has been related to fall risk. Everyday walking takes place in complex environments that often require multi-tasking. Hence, dual tasking gait performance reflects everyday ambulation as well as gait automaticity. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of sub-thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on dual task walking in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease.

Methods
Gait was assessed using a performance-based test and by quantifying single-task and dual task walking conditions in 28 patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. These tests were conducted in 4 conditions: “OFF” medication, with the stimulator turned on and off, and “ON” medication, with the stimulator turned on and off. A previously validated, computerized neuro-psychological battery assessed executive function, attention and memory “OFF” and “ON” deep brain stimulation, after subjects took their anti-Parkinsonian medications.

Results
Stimulation improved motor function and the spatiotemporal parameters of gait (e.g., gait speed) during both single-task and dual task walking conditions. Attention improved, but executive function did not. The dual task effect on gait did not change in response to stimulation. For example, during serial 3 subtractions, gait speed was reduced by -0.20 ± 0.14 m/sec while OFF DBS and OFF meds and by -0.22 ± 0.14 m/sec when the DBS was turned on (p = 0.648). Similarly, ON medication, serial 3 subtractions reduced gait speed by -0.20 ± 0.16 m/sec OFF DBS and by -0.22 ± 0.09 m/sec ON DBS (p = 0.543).

Conclusions
Bilateral sub-thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation improves motor symptoms, certain features of gait and even some aspects of cognitive function. However, stimulation apparently fails to reduce the negative impact of a dual task on walking abilities. These findings provide new insight into the effects of deep brain stimulation on gait during cognitively challenging conditions and everyday walking.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a review of current toxicological data
Authors: Shi Hongbo , Magaye Ruth , Castranova Vincent , Zhao Jinshun 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications. TiO2 NPs possess different physicochemical properties compared to their fine particle (FP) analogs, which might alter their bioactivity. Most of the literature cited here has focused on the respiratory system, showing the importance of inhalation as the primary route for TiO2 NP exposure in the workplace. TiO2 NPs may translocate to systemic organs from the lung and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) although the rate of translocation appears low. There have also been studies focusing on other potential routes of human exposure. Oral exposure mainly occurs through food products containing TiO2 NP-additives. Most dermal exposure studies, whether in vivo or in vitro, report that TiO2 NPs do not penetrate the stratum corneum (SC). In the field of nanomedicine, intravenous injection can deliver TiO2 nanoparticulate carriers directly into the human body. Upon intravenous exposure, TiO2 NPs can induce pathological lesions of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain. We have also shown here that most of these effects may be due to the use of very high doses of TiO2 NPs. There is also an enormous lack of epidemiological data regarding TiO2 NPs in spite of its increased production and use. However, long-term inhalation studies in rats have reported lung tumors. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the toxicology of TiO2 NPs and points out areas where further information is needed.