bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of the cnidarian oxidative stress response by ultraviolet light, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and crude oil
Authors: Tarrant Ann M. , Reitzel Adam M. , Kwok Chun K. , Jenny Matthew J. 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Organisms are continuously exposed to reactive chemicals capable of causing oxidative stress and cellular damage. Antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalases, are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and provide an important means of neutralizing such oxidants. Studies in cnidarians have previously documented the occurrence of antioxidant enzymes (transcript expression, protein expression, and/or enzymatic activity), but most of these studies have not been conducted in species with sequenced genomes or included phylogenetic analyses, making it difficult to compare results across species due to uncertainties in the relationships between genes. Through searches of the genome of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis Stephenson, one catalase gene and six SOD family members were identified, including three copper zinc SODs (CuZnSODs), two manganese SODs (MnSODs), and one copper chaperone of SOD (CCS). In 24-hour acute toxicity tests, juvenile N. vectensis showed enhanced sensitivity to combinations of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, specifically pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and fluoranthene) relative to either stressor alone. Adult N. vectensis exhibited little or no mortality following UV, benzo[a]pyrene or crude oil exposure but exhibited changes in gene expression. Antioxidant enzyme transcripts were both up- and downregulated following UV and/or chemical exposure. Expression patterns were most strongly affected by UV exposure but varied between experiments, suggesting that responses vary according to the intensity and duration of exposure. These experiments provide a basis for comparison with other cnidarian taxa and for further studies of the oxidative stress response in N. vectensis.
Honeybee drones are attracted by groups of consexuals in a walking simulator
Authors: Brandstaetter Andreas S. , Bastin Florian , Sandoz Jean-Christophe 
Published: January 2014

SummaryDuring the mating season, honeybee males, the drones, gather in congregation areas 10-40 m above ground. When a receptive female, a queen, enters the congregation, drones are attracted to her by queen-produced pheromones and visual cues and attempt to mate with the queen in mid-air. It is still unclear how drones and queens find the congregations. Visual cues on the horizon are most probably used for long-range orientation. For shorter-range orientation, however, attraction by a drone-produced aggregation pheromone has been proposed, yet its existence was never confirmed conclusively. The low accessibility of congregation areas high up in the air is a major hurdle and precise control of experimental conditions remains often unsatisfactory in field studies. Here, we used a locomotion compensator-based walking simulator to investigate drones' innate odor preferences under controlled laboratory conditions. We tested behavioral responses of drones to 9-oxo-2-decenoic acid (9-ODA), the major queen-produced sexual attractant, and to queen mandibular pheromone (QMP), an artificial blend of 9-ODA and several other queen-derived components. While 9-ODA strongly dominates the odor bouquet of virgin queens, QMP rather resembles the bouquet of mated queens. In our assay, drones were attracted by 9-ODA, but not by QMP. We also investigated the potential attractiveness of male-derived odors by testing drones’ orientation responses to the odor bouquet of groups of 10 living drones or workers. Our results demonstrate that honeybee drones are attracted by groups of other drones (but not by workers), which may indicate a role of drone-emitted cues for the formation of congregations.
Physiological correlates of symbiont migration during bleaching of two octocoral species
Authors: Netherton Sarah E. , Scheer Daniele M. , Morrison Patrick R. , Parrin Austin P. , Blackstone Neil 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Perturbed colonies of Phenganax parrini and Sarcothelia sp. exhibit migration of symbionts of Symbiodinium spp. into the stolons. Densitometry and visual inspection indicated that polyps bleached, while stolons did not. When migration was triggered by temperature, light, and confinement, colonies of Sarcothelia sp. decreased rates of oxygen formation in the light (due to the effects of perturbation on photosynthesis and respiration) and increased rates of oxygen uptake in the dark (due to the effects of perturbation on respiration alone). Colonies of P. parrini, by contrast, showed no significant changes in either aspect of oxygen metabolism. When migration was triggered by light and confinement, colonies of Sarcothelia sp. showed decreased rates of oxygen formation in the light and increased rates of oxygen uptake in the dark, while colonies of P. parrini maintained the former and increased the latter. During symbiont migration into their stolons, colonies of both species showed dramatic increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as visualized with a fluorescent probe, with stolons of Sarcothelia sp. exhibiting a nearly immediate increase of ROS. Differences in symbiont type may explain the greater sensitivity of colonies of Sarcothelia sp. Using fluorescent probes, direct measurements of migrating symbionts in the stolons of Sarcothelia sp. showed higher levels of reactive nitrogen species and lower levels of ROS than the surrounding host tissue. As measured by native fluorescence, levels of NAD(P)H in the stolons were unaffected by perturbation. Symbiont migration thus correlates with dramatic physiological changes and may serve as a marker for coral condition.
Differential effects of vitamins E and C and carotenoids on growth, resistance to oxidative stress, fledging success and plumage colouration in wild great tits
Authors: Marri Viviana , Richner Heinz 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Oxidative stress is the imbalance between the production of reactive species and antioxidants, which causes damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Antioxidants, like vitamins and carotenoids, can limit oxidative damage and can therefore regulate the trade-off between growth, which is a period of high reactive species production, and self-maintenance. However the role of carotenoids as antioxidant in vivo has been debated, and it has been suggested that carotenoid-based signals indicate the availability of non-pigmentary antioxidants (e.g. vitamins) that protect carotenoids from oxidation, known as the "protection hypothesis". To evaluate the importance of vitamins versus carotenoids as antioxidants during growth and to test the protection hypothesis, we supplemented nestling great tits Parus major 3, 5 and 7 days after hatching with a single dose of carotenoids and/or vitamins in a 2x2 full-factorial design. We subsequently measured body condition, antioxidant capacity, oxidative damage, fledging success and plumage reflectance. Vitamins enhanced antioxidant capacity, but did not affect oxidative damage. Vitamin-treated nestlings had higher growth rates and higher probability to fledge. In contrast, carotenoids did not affect any of these traits. Furthermore carotenoid-based colouration increased over the breeding season in nestlings that received vitamins only. This study shows that vitamins are limiting for growth rate and fledging success, and it suggests that vitamins could regulate the trade-off between growth and self-maintenance in favour of the former. Moreover our results are consistent with the idea that carotenoids are minor antioxidants in birds, but they do not support the "protection hypothesis".
Genetic and phenotypically flexible components of seasonal variation in immune function
Authors: Versteegh Maaike A. , Helm Barbara , Kleynhans Elizabeth , Gwinner Eberhart , Tieleman Irene 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Animals cope with seasonal variation in environmental factors by adjustments of physiology and life history. When seasonal variation is partly predictable, such adjustments can be based on a genetic component or be phenotypically flexible. Animals have to allocate limited resources over different demands, including immune function. Accordingly, immune traits could change seasonally. Such changes could have a genetic component that differ between environments. We tested this hypothesis in genotypically distinct groups of a widespread songbird, the stonechat (Saxicola torquata). We compared variation in immunity during one year of long-distance migrants, short-distance migrants, tropical residents and hybrids in a common garden environment. Additionally, we investigated phenotypically flexible responses to temperature by applying different temperature regimes to one group. We assessed constitutive immunity by measuring hemagglutination, hemolysis, haptoglobin and bactericidal ability against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Genotypic groups differed in patterns of variation of all measured immune indices except haptoglobin. Hybrids differed from, but were rarely intermediate to, parental subspecies. Temperature treatment only influenced patterns of hemolysis and bactericidal ability against E.coli. We conclude that seasonal variation in constitutive immunity has a genetic component, that heredity does not follow simple Mendelian rules, and that some immune measures are relatively rigid while others are more flexible. Furthermore, our results support the idea that seasonal variability in constitutive immunity is associated with variability in environment and annual-cycle demands. This study stresses the importance of considering seasonal variation in immune function in relation to the ecology and life history of the organism of interest.
Brains over Brawn: Experience overcomes a size disadvantage in fish social hierarchies
Authors: Alcazar Rosa , Hilliard Austin T. , Becker Lisa , Berenaba Michael , Fernald Russell D. 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Life experiences can alter cognitive abilities and influence social rank. Here we asked whether differences in experience could affect social status. In hierarchical animal societies, high ranking males that typically win aggressive encounters gain territories and hence access to mates. To understand the relative contributions of social experience and physical environment on status, we used a highly territorial African cichlid fish species, Astatotilapia burtoni, that lives in a dynamic lek-like social hierarchy. A. burtoni males are either dominant or submissive and can switch status rapidly depending on the local environment. Although dominant males are innately aggressive, we wondered whether they modulated their aggression based on experience. We hypothesized that as males mature they might hone their fighting tactics based on observation of other males fighting. We compared males of different ages and sizes in distinctly different physical environments and subsequently tested their fighting skills. We found that a size difference previously thought negligible (&lt;10% body length) gave a significant advantage to the larger opponent. In contrast, we found no evidence that increasing environmental complexity affected status outcomes. Surprisingly, we found that males only a few days older than their opponents had a significant advantage during territorial disputes, and that being older could compensate for the disadvantage of being smaller. Moreover, the slightly older winners exploited a consistent fighting strategy, starting with lower levels of aggression on the first day that significantly increased on the second day, a pattern absent in younger winners. These data suggest that experience gives an advantage for ascending in status, and that social learning is more important than the physical attributes of the territory.
High basal metabolic rate does not elevate oxidative stress during reproduction in laboratory mice
Authors: Brzęk Paweł , Książek Aneta , Ołdakowski Łukasz , Konarzewski Marek 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Increased oxidative stress (OS) has been suggested as a physiological cost of reproduction. However, previous studies reported ambiguous results, with some even showing a reduction of oxidative damage during reproduction. We tested whether the link between reproduction and OS is mediated by basal metabolic rate (BMR), which has been hypothesised to affect both the rate of radical oxygen species production and anti-oxidative capacity. We studied the effect of reproduction on OS in females of laboratory mice divergently selected for high (H-BMR) and low (L-BMR) BMR, previously shown to differ with respect to parental investment. Non-reproducing L-BMR females showed higher oxidative damage to lipids (quantified as the level of malonaldehyde in internal organ tissues) and DNA (quantified as the level of 8-oxodG in blood serum) than H-BMR females. Reproduction did not affect oxidative damage to lipids in either line; however, it reduced damage to DNA in L-BMR females. Reproduction increased catalase activity in liver (significantly stronger in L-BMR females) and decreased in kidneys. We conclude that the effect of reproduction on OS depends on the initial variation in BMR and varies between studied internal organs and markers of OS.
Professional Development Program “Organizational-and-Methodological and Psychological-and-Pedagogic Aspects of the Academic Olympics Movement”
Authors: Новиков  , Novikov Aleksandr , Абатурова  , Abaturova Valentina , Новикова  , Novikova Tatyana 
Published: January 2014

This Development program is designed
for educators and psychologists dealing with identification,
support and development of gifted students’
intellectual abilities. The presented Program
can be implemented in institutions of additional
professional education.
Queer Encounters in the Music of Billy Strayhorn
Authors: Barg Lisa 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article addresses issues of queer identity, aesthetics, and history in jazz through a focus on two midcentury works composed and/or arranged by Billy Strayhorn: a set of four pieces written in 1953 for an Off-Broadway production of Federico García-Lorca's The Love of Don Perlimplín for Belisa in Their Garden (Amor de Don Perlimplín con Belisa en su jardín); and several movements from the Strayhorn-Ellington adaptation of Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite (1960). My study considers how the two works engage artistic figures, themes, topics, and aesthetic practices that have strong queer historical affiliations. These include failed or impossible love, masking, stylized exotica, and other liminal spheres of identificatory ambiguity and reversal. Taken together, these works enable a positioning of Strayhorn within modernist queer cultural history and, more specifically, within the history of African American gay cultural production. At the same time, through showing how queerness inhabits jazz's past, my analyses of Strayhorn's queer musical encounters provide a critical vantage point from which to examine historical and cultural understandings of jazz at midcentury and, more broadly, the complex relationships between social identities (race, sexuality, gender) and composition, arrangement, and collaboration in twentieth-century music.
Continuous glucose monitoring in the treatment of obesity in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia
Authors: Jelaska Betty Korljan , Ostojić Sanja Baršić , Berović Nina , Kokić Višnja 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I is characterized by impaired production of glucose from glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis resulting in severe hypoglycaemia and increased production of lactic acid, triglyceride and uric acid. The most common type, glycogenosis type Ia, demands a balanced, sufficient carbohydrate intake to preserve normal 24-h glycaemia. Insufficient intake of carbohydrates can cause hypoglycaemia, as the missing glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme cannot free the glucose stored as liver glycogen and nor is gluconeogenesis possible. The principle means of handling this disorder is to avoid starving by taking regular meals during the day and night. Such a dietary regimen could lead to obesity. Herein, we present the case of an adult patient with glycogenosis type Ia suffering from hyperuricaemia, dyslipidaemia and arterial hypertension. The accumulation of these cardiovascular risk factors could lead to the early onset of atherosclerosis, which should be postponed by contemporary methods of surveillance and treatment.

Learning points

Continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring may be of value in every adult patient with GSD type I to evaluate the actual prevalence of eventual hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic episodes.

Good dietary management minimizes the metabolic abnormalities of the disease and decreases the risk of long-term complications.

Treatment of obesity in patients with GSD reduces the risk of earlier atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Enhanced Photoluminescence of Sulfur-Bridged Organic Chromophores
Authors: Christensen Peter R. , Caron Élise , Nagle Jeffery A. , Bhatti Aini , Wolf Michael O. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA general approach to enhancing the photoluminescent quantum yield for a series of organic chromophores is presented. By bridging a chromophore symmetrically about a sulfur atom it was found that the photoluminescence could be systematically increased by oxidizing the bridge. Furthermore, the enhanced quantum yields were achieved without diminishing the solubility of these chromophores in common organic solvents. The photophysical characterization, as well as potential applications of these molecules will be discussed.
Development of New Generation Bone Graft Material: Silver, Silicon Co-Substituted Apatite with Bi-Functional Properties
Authors: Lim Poon Nian , Chang Lei , Ho Bow , Tay Bee Yen , Cleo Choong , Thian Eng San 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTWith the rise of ageing population, the need to restore the function of degenerative bone greatly drives the market for bone grafts. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is chemically similar to natural bone mineral and has been widely used in bone graft applications. However, its slow osseointegration process and lack of antibacterial property could lead to implant-related infection, resulting in implant failure. Studies on ionic substitution of apatite have gained attention in recent years with greater understanding of the composition of bone mineral being a multi-substituted apatite. An integrated approach is proposed by co-substituting silver (Ag) and silicon (Si) into HA (Ag,Si-HA) to modify its surface for bi-functional properties. Incorporation of Si can enhance the biomineralization of HA and introduction of Ag can create antibacterial property. Ag,Si-HA containing 0.5 wt.% of Ag and 0.8 wt.% of Si was prepared by a wet precipitation method. A phase-pure apatite with a nanorod morphology of dimensions 60 nm in length and 10 nm in width was synthesized. Surface Ag+ ions of Ag,Si-HA were demonstrated to prevent the replication of adherent Staphylococcus aureus bacteria for up to 120 h. Biocompatibility tests revealed that human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) proliferated well on Ag,Si-HA with culturing time. Enhanced cell attachment in turn permitted greater bone differentiation as evidenced in the increase of collagen type I and osteocalcin expressions of hMSCs cultured on Ag,Si-HA as compared to HA from day 14 onwards. Overall, co-substitution of Ag and Si could complement the benefits of each substituent by endowing HA with antibacterial property, and concurrently promoting its biological performance. Their synergistic effects can serve unmet medical needs and solve the problem of implant-related infection. This work also enhances the understanding of substituted apatite with multiple ions for bi-functional properties.
Effects of Lip Repair on Maxillofacial Morphology in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate
Authors: Shao Qinghua , Chen Zhengxi , Yang Yang , Chen Zhenqi 
Published: January 2014

Objective To evaluate the effects of lip repair on maxillofacial development of patients with unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Design Retrospective. Patients A total of 75 patients were recruited, including 38 surgical patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and alveolus and 37 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who had lip but not palate repair. As controls, 38 patients with no cleft were selected. All subjects were divided according to two growth stages: before the pubertal peak (GS1) and after the pubertal peak (GS2) Interventions Lateral cephalograms of all subjects were obtained. Main Outcome Measures Cephalograms were analyzed and compared in the study and control groups. Results The patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate in both GS1 and GS2 demonstrated an almost normal maxillary and mandibular growth with retroclined maxillary incisors. The patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate showed a shorter length of maxilla, a more clockwise-rotated mandible, and retroclined maxillary incisors. Conclusions There was an almost normal maxillary and mandibular growth but retroclined maxillary incisors in patients with cleft lip with or without cleft palate who had received lip repair only, indicating that lip repair may not have a negative impact on the maxillofacial development and influences only the inclination of the maxillary incisors. The shorter anterior-posterior maxillary length and larger gonial angle in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate compared with those in patients with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus suggest that these variations in maxillary and mandibular growth may be a consequence of the cleft itself.
Do Orofacial Clefts Represent Different Genetic Entities?
Authors: Reiter Rudolf , Brosch Sibylle , Lüdeke Manuel , Fischbein Elena , Rinckleb Antje , Haase Stephan , Schwandt Anke , Pickhard Anja , Maier Christiane , Högel Josef , Vogel Walther 
Published: January 2014

Objective To contribute to the understanding of potential genetic differences between different cleft types. Method Analysis of family history concerning cleft type and search for cleft-type–specific associations in candidate genes performed in 98 individuals from 98 families. Results In a given family, the cleft type of a second case was more often identical to the index case than expected by chance. Each type of cleft (cleft lip [CL], cleft lip and palate [CLP], cleft palate only [CP], and submucous cleft palate only [SMCP]) was associated with different genes. Conclusion Family history indicates some specificity of cleft types. The observed phenotype-genotype associations were compatible with this interpretation in that significant associations occurred with disjoint sets of genes in each cleft type. These observations indicate that CL, CLP, CP, and SMCP might represent genetically different entities.