bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial serum ferritin predicts number of therapeutic phlebotomies to iron depletion in secondary iron overload
Authors: Panch Sandhya R. , Yau Yu Ying , West Kamille , Diggs Karen , Sweigart Tamsen , Leitman Susan F. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundTherapeutic phlebotomy is increasingly used in patients with transfusional siderosis to mitigate organ injury associated with iron overload (IO). Laboratory response variables and therapy duration are not well characterized in such patients.Study Design and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 99 consecutive patients undergoing therapeutic phlebotomy for either transfusional IO (TIO, n = 88; 76% had undergone hematopoietic transplantation) or nontransfusional indications (hyperferritinemia or erythrocytosis; n = 11). Complete blood cell count, serum ferritin (SF), transferrin saturation, and transaminases were measured serially. Phlebotomy goal was an SF level of less than 300 μg/L.ResultsMean SF levels before phlebotomy among TIO and nontransfusional subjects were 3093 and 396 μg/L, respectively. Transfusion burden in the TIO group was 94 ± 108 (mean ± SD) RBC units; approximately half completed therapy with 24 ± 23 phlebotomies (range, 1‐103). One‐third were lost to follow‐up. Overall, 15% had mild adverse effects, including headache, nausea, and dizziness, mainly during first phlebotomy. Prior transfusion burden correlated poorly with initial ferritin and total number of phlebotomies to target in the TIO group. However, number of phlebotomies to target was strongly correlated with initial SF (R2 = 0.8; p < 0.0001) in both TIO and nontransfusional groups. ALT decreased significantly with serial phlebotomy in all groups (mean initial and final values, 61 and 39 U/L; p = 0.03).ConclusionsInitial SF but not transfusion burden predicted number of phlebotomies to target in patients with TIO. Despite good treatment tolerance, significant losses to follow‐up were noted. Providing patients with an estimated phlebotomy number and follow‐up duration, and thus a finite endpoint, may improve compliance. Hepatic function improved with iron offloading.
Efficiency Sorting Among Foreign Affiliates: Evidence From China
Authors: Chen Yasheng , Ge Ying , Lai Huiwen , Liu Qing 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper uses a large micro‐level data set to investigate the efficiency sorting pattern of foreign affiliates serving different markets. We find systematic differences among the attributes of foreign affiliates serving the local and overseas markets. Affiliates serving only the host country market are the most productive, the most capitalintensive and the most skill‐intensive. Affiliates serving only the international market are the most unskilled and labour‐intensive, the least efficient, pay the lowest wages and invest least in innovation and advertising. Affiliates serving both markets offer high wages and invest most in innovation and advertising. The results also suggest that the most productive affiliates choose to serve the host country market, whereas the least efficient affiliates target the international market.
A comparison of tissue oxygen saturation measurements by 2 different near‐infrared spectroscopy monitors in 21 healthy dogs
Authors: Engbers Sarah , Boysen Søren R. , Engbers Jordan , Chalhoub Serge 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether a difference exists in tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) measurements between 2 near‐infrared spectroscopy monitors on the sartorius muscle in healthy dogs.DesignProspective experimental study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching facility.AnimalsSeventeen healthy student volunteered dogs and 4 healthy veterinary medicine teaching dogs.InterventionsAn Inspectra 650 and INVOS 5100C StO2 probe were simultaneously placed on the medial right and left sartorius muscles of each dog for 2 minutes of real‐time recording while standing and in left lateral recumbency. Left and right probe locations were reversed for both standing and lateral measurements. The peak value over the first 30 seconds on the Inspectra was also recorded.Measurements and Main ResultsPeak StO2 values on the Inspectra over 30 seconds yielded an average of 89.9 ± 4.8%. There was no significant difference between groups above or below 9 kg, or between male and female dogs. The 2‐minute averaged mean for the Inspectra was statistically higher than the INVOS (87.7 ± 5.47% and 64.1 ± 5.51%, respectively). The linear mixed‐effects model showed that there is a 1.82% decrease in StO2 when standing compared to left lateral recumbency, which was elicited on both machines. On average, the INVOS underestimated the StO2 by 23.7% compared to the Inspectra.ConclusionsThe INVOS significantly underestimates StO2 when compared to the Inspectra. Given this difference is on average 23.7%, StO2 cut off values used to guide therapy based on Inspectra readings cannot be applied to the INVOS. While there was a statistically significant difference in standing versus lateral positions on both devices, it is unlikely to be clinically significant. Studies using different devices should not be directly compared, and it is important to use the same monitor when taking serial measurements.
Outcome of positive‐pressure ventilation in dogs and cats with congestive heart failure: 16 cases (1992–2012)
Authors: Edwards Thomas H. , Erickson Coleman Amanda , Brainard Benjamin M. , DeFrancesco Teresa C. , Hansen Bernard D. , Keene Bruce W. , Koenig Amie 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the indications, duration of ventilation, underlying cardiac diseases, and outcome of dogs and cats undergoing positive‐pressure ventilation (PPV) for treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF).DesignTwo‐site retrospective study (1992–2012).SettingTwo university small animal teaching hospitals.AnimalsSix cats and 10 dogs undergoing PPV for CHF.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsMedical records were searched to identify patients requiring PPV for treatment of pulmonary edema secondary to CHF. Sixteen animals fulfilled these criteria. Patient signalment, duration of PPV, underlying cardiac disease, arterial or venous blood gas values, pharmacologic therapy before, during, and after PPV, anesthetic drugs, complications, and outcome were recorded. Overall survival to discharge was 62.5% (10/16). Mean (±SD) duration of PPV was 30.8 ± 21.3 hours and average time from presentation for CHF to initiation of PPV was 5.9 ± 6.4 hours. Azotemia at the time of initiation of ventilation, development of anuria or oliguria, and use of pentobarbital for anesthesia were negatively associated with survival (P= 0.011,P= 0.036, andP= 0.036, respectively). Survival‐to‐discharge rate was 77% (10/13) for patients treated after 2005 and those not receiving pentobarbital. There was no significant effect attributed to age, sex, weight, species, nature of heart disease, furosemide dose, length of ventilation, use of vasopressors, first‐time CHF events, or plasma lactate concentration on survival to discharge.ConclusionsDogs and cats requiring PPV for CHF have a good overall prognosis for hospital discharge and require PPV for a relatively short duration. Azotemia, oliguria or anuria, and the use of pentobarbital are negatively associated with outcome.
Accuracy of calculated arterial saturation in oxygen in neonatal foals and effects of monitor, sensor, site of sensor placement, and degree of hypoxemia on the accuracy of pulse oximetry
Authors: Giguère Steeve , Sanchez L. Chris , Shih Andre 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo (1) assess the agreement between calculated values for arterial hemoglobin saturation of oxygen (SaO2) and values obtained by co‐oximetry, (2) assess the accuracy of 2 pulse oximetry monitors for measurement of SaO2in foals, and for each monitor, and (3) determine the optimal combination of sensor type and site of sensor placement for SaO2monitoring.DesignProspective experimental study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsSix neonatal foals.InterventionsFoals were anesthetized with isoflurane and SaO2was manipulated by varying the inspired fraction of oxygen. SaO2was calculated from oxygen tension or measured by pulse oximetry using 2 monitors equipped with transmission or reflectance sensors attached to the foal's tongue, lip, ear, or inserted rectally (reflectance sensor only). SaO2values measured by co‐oximetry were used as the gold standard to calculate bias.Measurements and Main ResultsMean (±SD) SaO2determined by co‐oximetry was 65.2% ± 11.8%, 85.4% ± 2.5%, and 97.2% ± 0.4% at the low, intermediate, and high SaO2level, respectively. Sensors attached to the ear failed to provide SaO2readings for most attempts. Reflectance sensors placed on the lip or rectally gave significantly larger biases at low SaO2(−17.0% and −23.6%, respectively) than at higher levels. Bias of all other combinations of monitors, sensors, and sites (−1.8 to −4.1%) was not significantly influenced by the level of SaO2or different from each other. The bias of calculated saturation was similar to that of pulse oximetry.ConclusionsTransmission sensors placed on the lip or tongue or reflectance sensors placed on the tongue give the most accurate assessment of SaO2in anesthetized neonatal foals. Calculated saturation is not more accurate than pulse oximetry to estimate SaO2.
Plasma lactate concentrations in septic peritonitis: A retrospective study of 83 dogs (2007–2012)
Authors: Cortellini Stefano , Seth Mayank , Kellett‐Gregory Lindsay M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if absolute plasma lactate concentration or lactate clearance in dogs with septic peritonitis is associated with morbidity or mortality.DesignRetrospective cohort study from 2007 to 2012.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsEighty‐three dogs with septic peritonitis were included. Patients had at least 1 plasma lactate measurement during the course of the hospitalization.ResultsSixty‐four percent of the patients survived to discharge, 22% were euthanized, and 14% died during hospitalization. Plasma lactate concentration >2.5 mmol/L on admission (29% of the patients) was associated with mortality (P= 0.001). Median admission plasma lactate concentration (n= 81) was significantly different between nonsurvivors (2.5 mmol/L, range 0.5–8.4) and survivors (1.4 mmol/L, range 0.5–9.7;P= 0.007). Admission plasma lactate concentration >4 mmol/L yielded a sensitivity of 36% and a specificity of 92% for nonsurvival. The inability to normalize plasma lactate concentration within 6 hours of admission (n= 10/24) yielded a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 100% for nonsurvival. Postoperative hyperlactatemia (plasma lactate concentration >2 mmol/L;n= 18/76) had a sensitivity of 46% and specificity of 88% for nonsurvival. Persistent postoperative hyperlactatemia (n= 11/18) had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 100% for nonsurvival. Lactate clearance less than 21% at 6 hours (n= 20) had a sensitivity of 54% and specificity of 91% for nonsurvival. Lactate clearance less than 42% at 12 hours (n= 18) had a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 100% for nonsurvival.ConclusionsAdmission plasma lactate concentration and lactate clearance were good prognostic indicators in dogs with septic peritonitis.
Conversion of the Kowa RC‐2 camera to a digital version, instructions for use, and postprocessing of the images
Authors: Dulaurent Thomas , Bath Alasdair , Isard Pierre‐François 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a means of converting the Kowa RC‐2 camera to a digital version.ProcedureThe optic (OP) and the film portions (FP) of the Kowa RC‐2 were separated. The lateral rails were unscrewed from the front plate of the FP. The front plate was detached from the FP. The plate was fixed to an anodized aluminum plate (AAP). The rails were screwed back onto the front plate. This system was reattached to the OP by means of the rails. A T2‐E mount ring was screwed onto the AAP and fixed to a digital camera body (DCB). A flash sync extension cord was used to connect the flash cable of the Kowa to the DCB. The images obtained with the converted Kowa were inverted horizontally and vertically using image processing software.ResultsThe images obtained with the converted Kowa RC‐2 were identical in format to those using the film version with a circular image surrounded by a black rectangle. The imaged ocular structures were accurately depicted, appearing upside down and reversed on the LCD screen. The DCB was set to manual mode and focus. The shutter speed was initially set to 1/250 s, and the ISO was adjusted based on the ocular structure being photographed. An extra filter had to be placed over the light source to dim the light when imaging reflective fundi.ConclusionThe converted digital version of the Kowa RC‐2 as described provides an affordable means of obtaining high‐quality images of various ocular structures.
High‐Fidelity Simulation Effects on CPR Knowledge, Skills, Acquisition, and Retention in Nursing Students
Authors: Aqel Ahmad A. , Ahmad Muayyad M. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a gap in the literature regarding learning outcomes linked to the use of high‐fidelity simulators compared to that of traditional teaching methods.AimTo examine the effect of using high‐fidelity simulators on knowledge and skills acquisition and retention with university students.MethodsA randomized two‐arm trial using two different educational approaches on 90 nursing students assigned randomly to two groups was used at two points of time.FindingsThe results showed significant differences in favor of the participants in the high‐fidelity simulator group on both the acquisition and retention of knowledge and skills over time. However, a significant loss of cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge and skills occurred at 3 months after training in both groups.ConclusionsThe findings of this study may assist educators in integrating high‐fidelity simulators in education and training. In addition, the findings may help nursing educators to arrange additional cardiopulmonary resuscitation training sessions in order to improve cardiac arrested patients’ outcomes.Linking Evidence to ActionHigh‐fidelity simulation (HFS) provides students with interactive learning experiences in a safe controlled environment. HFS enables teachers to implement critical clinical scenarios, such as cardiac arrest, without risk to patients. Integrating the simulation training into nursing curricula will help to overcome the challenges that face many courses, specifically the shortage of clinical areas for training and the increase in numbers of nursing students.
The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bursnall Patricia 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeDepression affects a significant number of adolescents and requires creative treatment planning. Physical activity (PA) as a treatment option for depression has moderate support through repeated systematic reviews in adults, but not in adolescents. The purpose of this work is to present a systematic review of the evidence within the past 5 years regarding the relationship between PA and depressive symptoms (DS) in adolescents, and to determine if the evidence supports PA as a viable treatment option for this age group.MethodsAn extensive search was conducted through MEDLINE (i.e., Ovid and PubMed), CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. Ten primary articles were ultimately selected and reviewed for their quality and contributions to the subject. The SORT tool was utilized to grade individual works and the body of evidence as a whole.FindingsAs of the writing of this review, the author finds only one randomized controlled trial that explores the interaction between PA and DS in the adolescent age group. However, the body of evidence generated from this review indicates a strong inverse correlation between the two variables.Linking Evidence to ActionFurther research must be conducted to determine causation. However, healthcare providers can and must provide both health education and health promotion surrounding the relationship between PA and DS in the adolescent age group to enhance wellness and prevent disease.
Zinc Oxide Therapy Increases Prevalence and Persistence of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pigs: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Slifierz M. J. , Friendship R. , Weese J. S. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThere is concern that therapeutic use of zinc oxide (ZnO) in swine production may select for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) due to co‐location of the zinc resistance gene (czrC) and methicillin resistance gene (mecA) within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). The objective of this investigation was to determine whether MRSA carriage in pigs is influenced by exposure to therapeutic doses of in‐feed ZnO (3000 mg/kg) when compared to the recommended dietary levels (100 mg/kg). A randomized controlled trial was completed using 110 pigs that were naturally colonized with czrC‐positive MRSA. The pigs were followed from birth to weaning (21 d), at which point they were randomized into 8 pens and exposed to either a control feed (100 mg ZnO/kg feed; n = 49 pigs) or a treatment feed (3000 mg ZnO/kg feed; n = 50 pigs); neither feed contained additional antimicrobials. MRSA carriage was monitored weekly in each group for 4 weeks post‐weaning. The prevalence of MRSA was significantly higher in the treatment group at 1‐week (OR = 18.1; P < 0.01) and 2 weeks (OR = 3.01; P = 0.01) post‐weaning when compared to the control group, but there was no difference later in the nursery phase. Persistent MRSA carriage (testing positive ≥2 times post‐weaning) was observed in 2% (1/49) of control pigs and 22% (11/50) of treated pigs (P < 0.01). All MRSA isolates (spa types t034 and t3075) carried czrC and showed uniform resistance to zinc. These findings demonstrate that the prevalence and persistence of MRSA in nursery pigs can be affected by high levels of in‐feed ZnO in the absence of antibiotics.
On fields of rationality for automorphic representations
Authors: Shin Sug Woo , Templier Nicolas 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper proves two results on the field of rationality$\mathbb{Q}({\it\pi})$for an automorphic representation${\it\pi}$, which is the subfield of$\mathbb{C}$fixed under the subgroup of$\text{Aut}(\mathbb{C})$stabilizing the isomorphism class of the finite part of${\it\pi}$. For general linear groups and classical groups, our first main result is the finiteness of the set of discrete automorphic representations${\it\pi}$such that${\it\pi}$is unramified away from a fixed finite set of places,${\it\pi}_{\infty }$has a fixed infinitesimal character, and$[\mathbb{Q}({\it\pi}):\mathbb{Q}]$is bounded. The second main result is that for classical groups,$[\mathbb{Q}({\it\pi}):\mathbb{Q}]$grows to infinity in a family of automorphic representations in level aspect whose infinite components are discrete series in a fixed$L$-packet under mild conditions.
Electrical behavior of atomic layer deposited high quality SiO2 gate dielectric
Authors: Pradhan Sangram K. , Tanyi Ekembu K. , Skuza Jonathan R. , Xiao Bo , Pradhan Aswini K. 
Published: September 2014

Comprehensive and systematic electrical studies were performed on fabrication of high quality SiO2 thin films MOS capacitor using the robust, novel, and simple atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique using highly reactive ozone and tris (dimethylamino) silane (TDMAS) precursors. Ideal capacitance–voltage curve exhibits a very small frequency dispersion and hysteresis behavior of the SiO2 MOS capacitor grown at 1 s TDMAS pulse, suggesting excellent interfacial quality and purity of the film as probed using x-ray photoelectron studies. The flat-band voltage of the device shifted from negative toward positive voltage axis with increase of TDMAS pulses from 0.2 to 2 s. Based on an equivalent oxide thickness point of view, all SiO2 films have gate leakage current density of (5.18 × 10−8 A/cm2) as well as high dielectric break down fields of more than (∼10 MV/cm), which is better and comparable to that of thermally grown SiO2 at temperatures above 800 °C. These appealing electrical properties of ALD grown SiO2 thin films enable its potential applications such as high-quality gate insulators for thin film MOS transistors, as well as insulators for sensor and nanostructures on nonsilicon substrates.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 27 December 2014.
Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a Health Care System in Los Angeles, California, from 2011 to 2013
Authors: Pollett S. , Miller S. , Hindler J. , Uslan D. , Carvalho M. , Humphries R. M. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
(CRE) are a concern for health care in the United States but remain relatively uncommon in California. We describe the phenotype, clonality, and carbapenemase-encoding genes present in CRE isolated from patients at a Californian tertiary health care system. CRE for this study were identified by evaluating the antibiograms of
Enterobacteriaceae
isolated in the UCLA Health System from 2011 to 2013 for isolates that were not susceptible to meropenem and/or imipenem. The identification of these isolates was subsequently confirmed by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization–time of flight, and broth microdilution tests were repeated to confirm the CRE phenotype. Real-time PCR for
bla
KPC
,
bla
SME
,
bla
IMP
,
bla
NDM-1
,
bla
VIM
, and
bla
OXA-48
was performed. Clonality was assessed by repetitive sequence-based PCR (repPCR) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Of 15,839 nonduplicate clinical
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates, 115 (0.73%) met the study definition for CRE. This number increased from 0.5% (44/8165) in the first half of the study to 0.9% (71/7674) in the second (
P
= 0.004). The most common CRE species were
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Enterobacter aerogenes
, and
Escherichia coli
. A carbapenemase-encoding gene was found in 81.7% (94/115) of CRE and included
bla
KPC
(78.3%),
bla
NDM-1
(0.9%), and
bla
SME
(2.6%). The majority of
bla
KPC
genes were in
K. pneumoniae
isolates, which fell into 14 clonal groups on typing.
bla
KPC
was identified in more than one species of CRE cultured from the same patient in four cases. Three
bla
SME
-carrying
Serratia marcescens
isolates and one
bla
NDM-1
carrying
Providencia rettgeri
isolate were detected. CRE are increasing in California, and carbapenemases, particularly KPC, are a common mechanism for carbapenem resistance in this region.
Prolonged Second Diagnostic Window for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in a Fourth-Generation Immunoassay: Are Alternative Testing Strategies Required?
Authors: George C. R. Robert , Robertson Peter W. , Lusk M. Josephine , Whybin Ross , Rawlinson William 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Diagnosis of acute HIV is done by patient history and examination and testing of RNA, proviral DNA, and serology using fourth-generation antigen/antibody detection assays. We describe an HIV-1 primary infection with a second diagnostic window of 18 to 34 days on a fourth-generation immunoassay, which would have been missed using some current algorithms. Caution must be exercised when fourth-generation HIV-1 immunoassays are interpreted in isolation, and additional testing should be considered depending on patient risk assessment.
Multilocus Sequence Typing of Mycobacterium xenopi
Authors: Alexander David C. , Marras Theodore K. , Ma Jennifer H. , Mirza Samia , Liu Daniel , Kus Julianne V. , Soualhine Hafid , Escuyer Vincent , Warshauer David , Brode Sarah K. , Farrell David J. , Jamieson Frances B. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium xenopi
is an opportunistic mycobacterial pathogen of increasing clinical importance. Surveillance of
M. xenopi
is hampered by the absence of tools for genotyping and molecular epidemiology. In this study, we describe the development and evaluation of an effective multilocus sequence typing strategy for
M. xenopi
.