bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Th17 Cells Upregulate Polymeric Ig Receptor and Intestinal IgA and Contribute to Intestinal Homeostasis
Authors: Cao Anthony T. , Yao Suxia , Gong Bin , Elson Charles O. , Cong Yingzi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough CD4+ Th17 cells are enriched in normal intestines, their role in regulation of the host response to microbiota, and whether and how they contribute to intestinal homeostasis, is still largely unknown. It is also unclear whether Th17 cells regulate intestinal IgA production, which is also abundant in the intestinal lumen and has a crucial role as the first defense line in host response to microbiota. In this study, we found that intestinal polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) and IgA production was impaired in T cell-deficient TCR-βxδ−/− mice. Repletion of TCR-βxδ−/− mice with Th17 cells from CBir1 flagellin TCR transgenic mice, which are specific for a commensal Ag, increased intestinal pIgR and IgA. The levels of intestinal pIgR and IgA in B6.IL-17R (IL-17R−/−) mice were lower than wild type mice. Treatment of colonic epithelial HT-29 cells with IL-17 increased pIgR expression. IL-17R−/− mice demonstrated systemic antimicroflora Ab response. Consistently, administering dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to C57BL/6 mice after treatment with IL-17–neutralizing Ab resulted in more severe intestinal inflammation compared with control Ab. Administering DSS to IL-17R−/− mice resulted in increased weight loss and more severe intestinal inflammation compared with wild type mice, indicating a protective role of Th17 cells in intestinal inflammation. Individual mice with lower levels of pIgR and intestinal-secreted IgA correlated with increased weight loss at the end of DSS administration. Collectively, our data reveal that microbiota-specific Th17 cells contribute to intestinal homeostasis by regulating intestinal pIgR expression and IgA secretion.
The Role of IL-15 in Activating STAT5 and Fine-Tuning IL-17A Production in CD4 T Lymphocytes
Authors: Pandiyan Pushpa , Yang Xiang-Ping , Saravanamuthu Senthil S. , Zheng Lixin , Ishihara Satoru , O’Shea John J. , Lenardo Michael J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
IL-15 is an important IL-2–related cytokine whose role in Th17 cell biology has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we show that exogenous IL-15 decreased IL-17A production in Th17 cultures. Neutralization of IL-15 using an Ab led to increases in IL-17A production in Th17 cultures. Both Il15−/− and Il15r−/− T cell cultures displayed higher frequency of IL-17A producers and higher amounts of IL-17A in the supernatants compared with those of wild-type (WT) cells in vitro. IL-15 down-modulated IL-17A production independently of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-γt, Foxp3, and IFN-γ expression. Both Th17 cells and APCs produced IL-15, which induced binding of STAT5, an apparent repressor to the Il17 locus in CD4 T cells. Also, in a model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), Il15−/− mice displayed exacerbated inflammation—correlating with increased IL-17A production by their CD4+ T cells—compared with WT controls. Exogenous IL-15 administration and IL-17A neutralization reduced the severity of EAE in Il15−/− mice. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-15 has a negative regulatory role in fine-tuning of IL-17A production and Th17-mediated inflammation.
Enhancing English Vocabularies through Language Play in Children Movies
Authors: Sujatna Eva Tuckyta Sari , Sujatna Meita Lukitawati 
Published: September 2012

Everybody either a child or an adult, likes playing. Playing is a fun activity. For children, watching movies is one of the fun activities. Learning languages can also be a fun activity by using language play. Language play can help the children in enhancing their ability in improving their vocabularies. In children movies, we usually found language play. The language play forms in children movies can be found both phonologically and morphologically forms. This article tries to explore the language play forms through children movies to support the children ability in enhancing their English vocabularies.
Multimodal Biometric System Based on the Recognition of Face and Both Irises
Authors: Kim Yeong Gon , Shin Kwang Yong , Lee Eui Chul , Park Kang Ryoung 
Published: September 2012

The performance of unimodal biometric systems (based on a single modality such as face or fingerprint) has to contend with various problems, such as illumination variation, skin condition and environmental conditions, and device variations. Therefore, multimodal biometric systems have been used to overcome the limitations of unimodal biometrics and provide high accuracy recognition. In this paper, we propose a new multimodal biometric system based on score level fusion of face and both irises' recognition. Our study has the following novel features. First, the device proposed acquires images of the face and both irises simultaneously. The proposed device consists of a face camera, two iris cameras, near-infrared illuminators and cold mirrors. Second, fast and accurate iris detection is based on two circular edge detections, which are accomplished in the iris image on the basis of the size of the iris detected in the face image. Third, the combined accuracy is enhanced by combining each score for the face and both irises using a support vector machine. The experimental results show that the equal error rate for the proposed method is 0.131%, which is lower than that of face or iris recognition and other fusion methods.
Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and level of care associated with lost to follow‐up and mortality in adult patients on first‐line ART in Nigerian hospitals
Authors: Odafe Solomon , Idoko Ochanya , Badru Titilope , Aiyenigba Bolatito , Suzuki Chiho , Khamofu Hadiza , Onyekwena Obinna , Okechukwu Emeka , Torpey Kwasi , Chabikuli Otto N 
Published: September 2012

IntroductionClinical outcome is an important determinant of programme success. This study aims to evaluate patients’ baseline characteristics as well as level of care associated with lost to follow‐up (LTFU) and mortality of patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART).MethodsRetrospective cohort study using routine service data of adult patients initiated on ART in 2007 in 10 selected hospitals in Nigeria. We captured data using an electronic medical record system and analyzed using Stata. Outcome measures were probability of being alive and retained in care at 12, 24 and 36 months on ART. Potential predictors associated with time to mortality and time to LTFU were assessed using competing risks regression models.ResultsAfter 12 months on therapy, 85% of patients were alive and on ART. Survival decreased to 81.2% and 76.1% at 24 and 36 months, respectively. Median CD4 count for patients at ART start, 12, 18 and 24 months were 152 (interquartile range, IQR: 75 to 242), 312 (IQR: 194 to 450), 344 (IQR: 227 to 501) and 372 (IQR: 246 to 517) cells/µl, respectively. Competing risk regression showed that patients’ baseline characteristics significantly associated with LTFU were male (adjusted sub‐hazard ratio, sHR=1.24 [95% CI: 1.08 to 1.42]), ambulatory functional status (adjusted sHR=1.25 [95% CI: 1.01 to 1.54]), World Health Organization (WHO) clinical Stage II (adjusted sHR=1.31 [95% CI: 1.08 to 1.59]) and care in a secondary site (adjusted sHR=0.76 [95% CI: 0.66 to 0.87]). Those associated with mortality include CD4 count <50 cells/µl (adjusted sHR=2.84 [95% CI: 1.20 to 6.71]), WHO clinical Stage III (adjusted sHR=2.67 [95% CI: 1.26 to 5.65]) and Stage IV (adjusted sHR=5.04 [95% CI: 1.93 to 13.16]) and care in a secondary site (adjusted sHR=2.21 [95% CI: 1.30 to 3.77]).ConclusionsMortality was associated with advanced HIV disease and care in secondary facilities. Earlier initiation of therapy and strengthening systems in secondary level facilities may improve retention and ultimately contribute to better clinical outcomes.
An output regulation perspective on the model reference adaptive control problem
Authors: Serrani A. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe paper presents a connection between the classic model reference adaptive control and recent developments in the theory of adaptive output regulation. Specifically, it is shown how the certainty–equivalence model reference controller realizes an internal model of an extended exogenous system comprising the zero dynamics of the plant driven by the steady‐state trajectories of the reference model. Furthermore, the classic nonminimal realization of the certainty–equivalence controller required for adaptive redesign is equivalent to a canonical parameterization of the internal model in question, achieved via a nonobservable (but detectable) system immersion.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Phase Separation in High Performance PbTe–PbS Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Girard Steven N. , Schmidt‐Rohr Klaus , Chasapis Thomas C. , Hatzikraniotis Euripides , Njegic B. , Levin E. M. , Rawal A. , Paraskevopoulos Konstantinos M. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPhase immiscibility in PbTe–based thermoelectric materials is an effective means of top‐down synthesis of nanostructured composites exhibiting low lattice thermal conductivities. PbTe1‐x Sx thermoelectric materials can be synthesized as metastable solid solution alloys through rapid quenching. Subsequent post‐annealing induces phase separation at the nanometer scale, producing nanostructures that increase phonon scattering and reduce lattice thermal conductivity. However, there has yet to be any study investigating in detail the local chemical structure of both the solid solution and nanostructured variants of this material system. Herein, quenched and annealed (i.e., solid solution and phase‐separated) samples of PbTe–PbS are analyzed by in situ high‐resolution synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction, solid‐state 125Te nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy analysis. For high concentrations of PbS in PbTe, e.g., x >16%, NMR and IR analyses reveal that rapidly quenched samples exhibit incipient phase separation that is not detected by state‐of‐the‐art synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, providing an example of a PbTe thermoelectric “alloy” that is in fact phase inhomogeneous. Thermally‐induced PbS phase separation in PbTe–PbS occurs close to 200 °C for all compositions studied, and the solubility of the PbS phase in PbTe at elevated temperatures >500 °C is reported. The findings of this study suggest that there may be a large number of thermoelectric alloy systems that are phase inhomogeneous or nanostructured despite adherence to Vegard's Law of alloys, highlighting the importance of careful chemical characterization to differentiate between thermoelectric alloys and composites.
Ohne dirigierende Gruppen: übergangsmetallkatalysierte C‐H‐Aktivierung einfacher Arene
Authors: Kuhl Nadine , Hopkinson Matthew N. , Wencel‐Delord Joanna , Glorius Frank 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDer Einsatz von koordinierenden Gruppen als dirigierende Gruppen ist eine zuverlässige Methode zur Kontrolle von Reaktivität und Selektivität bei der Aktivierung von Aryl‐C‐H‐Bindungen. Im Hinblick auf die Anwendbarkeit von C‐H‐Aktivierungen in der Synthese besteht derzeit ein großes Interesse daran, Reaktionen zu entwickeln, in denen völlig auf dirigierende Gruppen verzichtet werden kann und somit die Funktionalisierung einfacher Benzolderivate möglich wird. Dieser Ansatz erfordert jedoch neue Strategien zur Reaktivitäts‐ und Selektivitätskontrolle. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden aktuelle Fortschritte in dem noch jungen Gebiet der nicht‐chelatvermittelten C‐H‐Aktivierung diskutiert, wobei einige inspirierende Beispiele zur Reaktivitäts‐ und Selektivitätsinduktion hervorgehoben werden.
Redoxaktive Liganden in der Katalyse
Authors: Praneeth Vijayendran K. K. , Ringenberg Mark R. , Ward Thomas R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDie in Metalloenzymen beobachtete Verwendung redoxaktiver Einheiten zusammen mit 3d‐Übergangsmetallionen ist eine leistungsfähige Strategie für katalytische Mehrelektronenreaktionen. Die redoxaktiven Einheiten in Metalloenzymen können Redoxäquivalente “speichern”, wodurch Intermediate hoher Energie vermieden werden. Chemiker haben biomimetische Strategien entwickelt, um katalytische Varianten anspruchsvoller Umwandlungen auf der Grundlage redoxaktiver Einheiten in Nachbarschaft zu Metallzentren zu entwerfen. Diese Herangehensweise bietet die Möglichkeit, wenig toxischen und kostengünstigen 3d‐Übergangsmetallen wie Fe oder Cu in katalytischen Mehrelektronenreaktionen einen Edelmetallcharakter zu verleihen.
Curcumin uptake and metabolism
Authors: Metzler Manfred , Pfeiffer Erika , Schulz Simone I. , Dempe Julia S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCurcumin (CUR) is the major orange pigment of turmeric and believed to exert beneficial health effects in the gastrointestinal tract and numerous other organs after oral intake. However, an increasing number of animal and clinical studies show that the concentrations of CUR in blood plasma, urine, and peripheral tissues, if at all detectable, are extremely low even after large doses. The evidence and possible reasons for the very poor systemic bioavailablity of CUR after oral administration are discussed in this brief review. Major factors are the chemical instability of CUR at neutral and slightly alkaline pH, its susceptibility to autoxidation, its avid reductive and conjugative metabolism, and its poor permeation from the intestinal lumen to the portal blood. In view of the very low intestinal bioavailablity, it is difficult to attribute the putative effects observed in peripheral organs to CUR. Therefore, metabolites and/or degradation products of CUR should be taken into consideration as mediators of the pharmacological activity. © 2012 BioFactors, 39(1):14–20, 2013.
Crystal Structure of a Soluble Form of Human CD73 with Ecto‐5′‐Nucleotidase Activity
Authors: Heuts Dominic P. H. M. , Weissenborn Martin J. , Olkhov Rouslan V. , Shaw Andrew M. , Gummadova Jennet , Levy Colin , Scrutton Nigel S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCD73 is a dimeric ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase that is expressed on the exterior side of the plasma membrane. CD73 has important regulatory functions in the extracellular metabolism of certain nucleoside monophosphates, in particular adenosine monophosphate, and has been linked to a number of pathological conditions such as cancer and myocardial ischaemia. Here, we present the crystal structure of a soluble form of human soluble CD73 (sCD73) at 2.2 Å resolution, a truncated form of CD73 that retains ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase activity. With this structure we obtained insight into the dimerisation of CD73, active site architecture, and a sense of secondary modifications of the protein. The crystal structure reveals a conserved loop that is directly involved in the dimer‐dimer interaction showing that the two subunits of the dimer are not linked by disulfide bridges. Using biophotonic microarray imaging we were able to confirm glycosylation of the enzyme and show that the enzyme is decorated with a variety of oligosaccharide structures. The crystal structure of sCD73 will aid the design of inhibitors or activator molecules for the treatment of several diseases and prove useful in explaining the possible roles of single nucleotide polymorphisms in physiology and disease.
Synthesis of Deoxynucleoside Triphosphates that Include Proline, Urea, or Sulfonamide Groups and Their Polymerase Incorporation into DNA
Authors: Hollenstein Marcel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTo expand the chemical array available for DNA sequences in the context of in vitro selection, I present herein the synthesis of five nucleoside triphosphate analogues containing side chains capable of organocatalysis. The synthesis involved the coupling of L‐proline‐containing residues (dUtPTP and dUcPTP), a dipeptide (dUFPTP), a urea derivative (dUBpuTP), and a sulfamide residue (dUBsTP) to a suitably protected common intermediate, followed by triphosphorylation. These modified dNTPs were shown to be excellent substrates for the Vent (exo−) and Pwo DNA polymerases, as well as the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I, although they were only acceptable substrates for the 9°Nm polymerase. All of the modified dNTPs, with the exception of dUBpuTP, were readily incorporated into DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Modified oligonucleotides efficiently served as templates for PCR for the regeneration of unmodified DNA. Thermal denaturation experiments showed that these modifications are tolerated in the major groove. Overall, these heavily modified dNTPs are excellent candidates for SELEX.
Synthesis of End‐Functionalized Polyacetylenes that Contain Polar Groups by Employing Well‐Defined Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Rodriguez Castanon Jesus , Kuwata Keiko , Shiotsuki Masashi , Sanda Fumio 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA series of [(dppf)PdBr(R)]‐type complexes (dppf=1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; R=p‐cyanophenyl (1 a), o‐hydroxymethylphenyl (1 b), and triphenylvinyl (1 c)), in combination with silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (AgOTf), were demonstrated to be active for the polymerization of monosubstituted polar acetylene monomers HCCCONHC4H9 (2), HCCCO2C8H17 (3), HCCCH2OCONHC6H13 (4), HCCCH2OCO2C6H13 (5), and HCCCH(CH3)OH (6). The yields and molecular weights of the polymers depended on the combination of the Pd catalyst and monomer that was employed. Matrix‐assisted laser‐desorption/ionization–time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometric analysis indicated the formation of polymers that contained the “R” and “H” groups at the chain ends. IR spectroscopic analysis supported the R‐end‐functionalization of the polymers. NMR spectroscopy and MS identified the presence of species that were formed by single, double, and triple insertion of the monomers into the Pd‐C6H4‐p‐CN bond, thereby giving solid evidence for an insertion mechanism for the present system. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested the preference for 1,2‐insertion of the monomer compared to 2,1‐insertion.
CO2 on a Tightrope: Stabilization, Room‐Temperature Decarboxylation, and Sodium‐Induced Carboxylate Migration
Authors: Häußermann Achim , Rominger Frank , Straub Bernd F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA sterically shielded 3‐substituted zwitterionic N,N‐dimethylisotryptammonium carboxylate has been synthesized by consecutive chemoselective double alkylation of indole. The carboxylate undergoes a quantitative and unusually facile decarboxylation in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethyl formamide (DMF) at room temperature. The breaking of a nearly equidistant hydrogen bond by solvent molecules initiates heterolytic CC cleavage. The decarboxylation rate decreases with increasing CO2 partial pressure, proving the competitiveness of protonation and re‐carboxylation of the carbanionic intermediate. Corresponding spiro compounds containing silylene and stannylene moieties show high thermal stability. Addition of an excess of methyllithium to the sodium salt triggers a reaction sequence comprising a deprotonation, carboxylate transfer, and nucleophilic trapping of the rearranged carboxylate by another equivalent of methyllithium. Hydrolytic work‐up of the geminal diolate leads to an acetyl product. The role of the sodium counterion and the mechanism of the rearrangement have been unraveled by deuteration experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Crystal Polymorph of Volborthite, Cu3V2O7 (OH)2·2H2O.
Authors: Ishikawa Hajime , Yamaura Jun‐ichi , Okamoto Yoshihiko , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Nilsen Goeran J. , Hiroi Zenji 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new polymorph of the title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from a solution of CuO and V2O5 in 1% aq, HNO3 (autoclave, 443 K, 10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Chalcopyrite CuGaTe2: A High‐Efficiency Bulk Thermoelectric Material.
Authors: Kurosaki Ken , et al. et al. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe title compound is obtained from a stoichiometric mixture of Cu2Te and Ga2Te3 (silica tubes, 1173 K for 12 h; annealing at 773 K for 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: A Superior Visible Light‐Driven Photocatalyst: Europium‐Doped Bismuth Tungstate Hierarchical Microspheres.
Authors: Tian Yu , Zhang Lide , Zhang Junxi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEu/Bi2WO6 hierarchical microspheres are hydrothermally synthesized from mixtures of Bi(NO3)3, Na2WO4, and Eu(NO3)3 in diluted nitric acid (autoclave, 180 °C, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of the Rare‐Earth Borate La4B10O21.
Authors: Hinterregger Ernst , Heymann Gunter , Hofer Thomas S. , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by reaction of La2O3, LaF3, and B2O3 in a molar ratio of 2:1:6 (Walker‐type multianvil apparatus, 2.6 GPa, 750 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: (C6N4H21)2 [Ge7O14F6]: A New Germanate Compound Constructed from Alternately Stacked Pseudo Triple‐Sheet Layers.
Authors: Ren Xiaoyan , Liu Jiancong , Li Yi , Yu Jihong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe title compound is solvothermally prepared from a mixture of GeO2, tetraethylene glycol, H2O, tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine, and HF in the molar ratio 1:23:30:10:1.4 (autoclave, 180 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Pb5In3Bi5S17 [Pb4.94(3)In3.05(3)Bi4.99 (3)S17] and Its Structural Relationship with Pb4In3Bi7S18.
Authors: Winkler H. P. , Topa D. , Keller E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe new quaternary title compound is prepared by chemical vapor transport reaction starting with a mixture of PbS, In2S3, Bi2S3, and I2 as transport agent (quartz ampule, temp.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Silica‐Supported Prolinamide Organocatalysts for Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in Water.
Authors: Monge‐Marcet Amalia , Cattoen Xavier , Alonso Diego A. , Najera Carmen , Man Michel Wong Chi , Pleixats Roser 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAsymmetric organocatalytic materials based on a prolinamide scaffold are synthesized according to different routes from a monosilylated precursor.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal [3 + 3] Cyclocondensations of 1,3‐Bis(silyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes with 1‐Chloro‐1,1‐difluoro‐4,4‐dimethoxybut‐3‐en‐2‐one and 1,1‐Difluoro‐4,4‐dimethoxybut‐3‐en‐2‐one. Regioselective Synthesis of Fluorinated Salicylates and Pyran‐4‐ones.
Authors: Langer Peter , et al. et al. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA variety of fluorinated salicylates (III) is prepared by regioselective TiCl4‐mediated cyclocondensation.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Fluorination of Enamides: Access to α‐Fluoroimines Using an Anionic Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalysts.
Authors: Phipps Rober J. , Hiramatsu Kenichi , Toste F. Dean 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe scope of the enantioselective fluorination of enamides is demonstrated for five‐, six‐, and seven‐membered as well as heterocyclic rings.
ChemInform Abstract: Simultaneous Dehalogenation and Hydrogenation Reduction of Halogen‐Heteroaromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Chen Xi‐Bo , Hu Qiu‐Peng , Yuan Qian‐Jia , Ding Wei , Ren Jiangmeng , Zeng Bu‐Bing 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA mild method for the simultaneous dehalogenation and hydrogenation of halogenated heterocyclic aldehydes to the corresponding halogen free substituted methylalcohols is presented using catalytic hydrogenation under atmospheric pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfated Tungstate Catalyzed Highly Accelerated N‐Formylation.
Authors: Pathare Sagar P. , Sawant Ravindra V. , Akamanchi Krishnacharya G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe improved conditions are applied to a broad spectrum of amino compounds to produce the desired formylated products with good to excellent yields within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Amidation of Aryl Halides Using 2‐Dialkylphosphino‐2′‐alkoxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl as Ligands.
Authors: Ma Fangfang , Xie Xiaomin , Zhang Lei , Peng Zhiyong , Ding Lina , Fu Lei , Zhang Zhaoguo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe ligands efficiently promote the coupling of aryl halides with amides, lactams, and carbamates.