bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postbiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: efficacy, mechanism, and therapeutic implications
Authors: Wang Shuxin , Wang Pu , Wang Donghui , Shen Shenghai , Wang Shiqi , Li Yuanyuan , Chen Hao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most challenging diseases in the 21st century, and more than 10 million people around the world suffer from IBD. Because of the limitations and adverse effects associated with conventional IBD therapies, there has been increased scientific interest in microbial‐derived biomolecules, known as postbiotics. Postbiotics are defined as the preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer a health benefit on the host, comprising inactivated microbial cells, cell fractions, metabolites, etc. Postbiotics have shown potential in enhancing IBD treatment by reducing inflammation, modulating the immune system, stabilizing intestinal flora and maintaining the integrity of intestinal barriers. Consequently, they are considered promising adjunctive therapies for IBD. Recent studies indicate that postbiotics offer distinctive advantages, including spanning clinical (safe origin), technological (easy for storage and transportation) and economic (reduced production costs) dimensions, rendering them suitable for widespread applications in functional food/pharmaceutical. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the definition, classification and applications of postbiotics, with an emphasis on their biological activity in both the prevention and treatment of IBD. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Metaverse‐based remote support system with smooth combination of free viewpoint observation and hand gesture instruction
Authors: Numata Takashi , Ogi Yuya , Mitani Keiichi , Tajima Kazuyuki , Nakamura Yusuke , Ikeda Naohito , Shimada Kenichi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn field operations with large machines, onsite large task spaces have been typically required. In these cases, remote skilled workers have to provide a step‐by‐step guide by observing the onsite situation around the large task spaces in three dimensions, instructing onsite unskilled workers on how to perform the tasks with the correct hand gestures at the right position, and switching between observation and instruction frequently during the remote support. In this study, we developed a Metaverse‐based remote support system with a seamless user interface for switching between free viewpoint observation and hand gesture instruction. The proposed system enables remote skilled workers to observe the onsite field from any viewpoint, transfer hand gesture instruction to onsite workers, and seamlessly switch between free viewpoint observation and free hand gesture instruction without having to change devices. We compared the time efficiency of the proposed system and a conventional system through experiments with 28 users and found that our system improved the observation time efficiency by 65.7%, the instruction time efficiency by 27.9%, and the switching time efficiency between observation and instruction by 14.6%. These results indicate that the proposed system enables remote skilled workers to support onsite workers quickly and efficiently.
Crohn's disease‐related versus sporadic colorectal cancer: A stage‐matched case‐control study based on four decades of experience
Authors: Schabl Lukas , Connelly Tara M. , de Camargo Mariane Gouvea Monteiro , Sancheti Himani , Steele Scott R. , Kessler Hermann 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study compares surgical and oncological outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease (CD)‐related colorectal cancer (CRC) to those with sporadic CRC.MethodsPatients treated between 1983 and 2013 were matched by stage, age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), cancer site, and adjuvant chemotherapy.ResultsFor stages I and II, 107 patients were matched (58.9% male, mean age 59 years, 59.8% with ASA score 3). Tumor sites included the right (17.7%), transverse (4.7%), left colon (15.9%), and rectum (61.7%). CD patients exhibited longer operative times, higher pT stages, and 2.60 times the odds of postoperative complications (p = 0.03). Overall and disease‐free survival were similar.For stage III, 54 patients were matched (57.4% male, mean age 54 years, 46.3% with ASA score 3). The cancer site distribution was right (29.7%), transverse (3.7%), left colon (18.5%), and rectum (48.1%). CD patients had longer operative times, increased blood loss, more involved lymph nodes, higher pT‐ and pN‐stages. The rates of postoperative complications were not different (p = 0.19). CD‐related CRC patients had similar overall (p = 0.06), and local recurrence‐free survival (p = 0.07).ConclusionsDespite facing worse perioperative and pathological characteristics, survival differences in stages I–III CD‐related CRC compared with sporadic CRC patients were not significantly different.
Revealing the novel metabolism‐related genes in the ossification of the ligamentum flavum based on whole transcriptomic data
Authors: Zhao Yongzhao , Xiang Qian , Jiang Shuai , Lin Jialiang , Li Weishi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundsThe ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is one of the major causes of thoracic myelopathy. Previous studies indicated there might be a potential link between metabolic disorder and pathogenesis of OLF. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of metabolic disorder in the pathogenesis of OLF using the strict bioinformatic workflow for metabolism‐related genes and experimental validation.MethodsA series of bioinformatic approaches based on metabolism‐related genes were conducted to compare the metabolism score between OLF tissues and normal ligamentum flavum (LF) tissues using the single sample gene set enrichment analysis. The OLF‐related and metabolism‐related differentially expressed genes (OMDEGs) were screened out, and the biological functions of OMDEGs were explored, including the Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, and protein–protein interaction. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network based on pairs of miRNA‐hub OMDEGs was constructed. The correlation analysis was conducted to explore the potential relationship between metabolic disorder and immunity abnormality in OLF. In the end, the cell experiments were performed to validate the roles of GBE1 and TNF‐α in the osteogenic differentiation of LF cells.ResultsThere was a significant difference of metabolism score between OLF tissues and normal LF tissues. Forty‐nine OMDEGs were screened out and their biological functions were determined. The ceRNA network containing three hub OMDEGs and five differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) was built. The correlation analysis between hub OMDEGs and OLF‐related infiltrating immune cells indicated that metabolic disorder might contribute to the OLF via altering the local immune status of LF tissues. The cell experiments determined the important roles of GBE1 expression and TNF‐α in the osteogenic differentiation of LF cells.ConclusionsThis research, for the first time, preliminarily illustrated the vital role of metabolic disorder in the pathogenesis of OLF using strict bioinformatic algorithms and experimental validation for metabolism‐related genes, which could provide new insights for investigating disease mechanism and screening effective therapeutic targets of OLF in the future.
Koebnerization of Hailey–Hailey disease into chronic prurigo nodularis: Clearance of both entities under a naloxone therapy
Authors: Witte Felix , Metze Dieter , Ständer Sonja , Zeidler Claudia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHailey–Hailey disease (HHD) is a genetic skin disorder, accompanied by lesional pruritus and a relevant impact on quality of life of affected patients. Approved or even successful treatments are still lacking, highlighting the need for further insight in therapeutic options. µ‐opioid receptor antagonists have recently been identified as a potentially successful therapy in HHD‐patients, while already being used successfully in treating chronic pruritus. In our case of a patient with severe HHD and generalization of chronic pruritus, which led to koebnerization of HHD lesions into clinically healthy skin, intravenous naloxone treatment proved extraordinarily beneficial in improving both HHD and concomitant chronic pruritus.
Comparing camera‐based ungulate density estimates: a case study using island populations of bighorn sheep and mule deer
Authors: Coltrane Jessica , DeCesare Nicholas J. , Horne Jon S. , Lukacs Paul M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCamera‐based abundance estimators are an alternative methodology of growing interest in both research and management applications. The statistical formulations of camera‐based abundance estimators using time‐lapse data should theoretically produce precise and unbiased estimates; however, production of unbiased results also requires meeting several important assumptions, and real‐world case studies evaluating such results remain relatively few. We applied instantaneous sampling (IS) and space‐to‐event (STE) estimators to remote camera data collected in April 2021 via time‐lapse sampling of closed populations of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) on Wild Horse Island in western Montana, USA, and compared results for bighorn sheep to aerial and ground‐based counts. Point estimates from camera‐based approaches underestimated bighorn sheep populations by 32–44% (IS estimator) and 62–69% (STE estimator) relative to aerial and ground counts. Patchy spatial distribution and group‐living behavior of sheep resulted in a high degree of noise surrounding the IS estimate. In comparison, a low point estimate with relatively narrow confidence intervals suggested potential sensitivity of the STE estimator to violating assumptions of independence among individual animals and sampling occasions. Estimates of mule deer had improved precision over sheep estimates, as indicated by lower estimated coefficients of variation of the mean (CVmean) derived from the analytic SE estimator. Using 15‐m viewsheds and the IS estimators, mule deer density estimates came with a 26% CVmean compared to 43% CVmean for bighorn sheep. This discrepancy may be a result of differences in distribution, behavior, and relative abundance between the 2 species. Accounting for group size and increasing time between sampling may improve accuracy of density estimates and adhere better to model assumptions when estimating precision. In addition, factors influencing viewshed and resulting density extrapolations must be considered carefully. While camera‐based methods theoretically provide an alternative way to estimate density when traditional methods are impractical, our results suggest that more work is needed to ensure density estimates are accurate and precise enough to inform population management.
Acute Laryngeal Injury in Patients Undergoing Airway Screening at a Long‐Term Acute Care Hospital
Authors: Pagel Jessica M. , Taffe Erin , Jonas Rachel H. , Daniero James J. , Mason Kazlin , McGarey Patrick O. 
Published: July 2024

Background/ObjectivesAcute laryngeal injury (ALgI) is an identified complication of prolonged intubation. Its evolution into mature stenosis and factors affecting decannulation are unclear. This retrospective review aims to characterize the incidence and characteristics of ALgI development and decannulation.MethodsRetrospective study of post‐intubated patients with a tracheostomy seen for screening evaluation at a single long‐term acute care hospital (LTACH) from 2019 to 2022.ResultsPatients were followed for an average of 115 days after extubation. Forty‐nine of 119 adult patients had ALgI. Those with ALgI were more likely female (61% vs. 35.7%, p = 0.006) with higher body mass index (BMI; 32.9 vs. 28.1, p = 0.03) and lower height (166 vs. 171.1 cm, p = 0.01). Decannulation rates in patients with ALgI were 69.4% compared to 84.3% in patients without ALgI (p = 0.053). Patients with ALgI were scoped more quickly post‐extubation (28.8 vs. 36.6 days, p = 0.04), but time to decannulation did not differ (66.6 vs. 81.2 days, p = 0.74). Lower CCI (4.03 vs 6.93) and lack of tobacco use (41.2% vs 73.3%) were associated with successful decannulation (p = 0.038, p = 0.0008). Patients with ALgI treated conservatively (observation or medical management) were decannulated up to 71 days post‐extubation. Further decannulations only occurred with surgical intervention.ConclusionsFemale gender, higher BMI, and shorter height are associated with ALgI among patients undergoing a LTACH screening evaluation. CCI and tobacco have a negative association with decannulation success. Among the ALgI cohort, no patient treated conservatively was decannulated after 71 days.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:4642–4648, 2024
Substance Use Disorder as Risk Factor for Intubation in Angioedema: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Bogart Joseph , Otteson Todd 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesIndividuals with angioedema (AE) are at high risk for airway compromise and often require endotracheal intubation. Patient factors predisposing one to airway compromise are not well described. The objective of this study is to examine whether substance use disorder (SUD) in patients with AE is associated with need for airway intervention.MethodsThis population‐based retrospective cohort study compared AE patients with SUD versus propensity‐matched control groups. Outcomes were hospitalization, intubation, and tracheotomy. Using the TriNetX National Database, this study included 28,931 patients with SUD and 117,509 patients without SUD who presented with AE.ResultsAmong patients with AE, those with each subtype of SUD (alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, tobacco, and opioids) were found to have higher risk of severe AE compared to propensity‐matched non‐SUD cohorts. Rate of hospitalization after cohort matching ranged from 20.4% for tobacco use disorder to 30.4% for cocaine use disorder, all significantly higher than the 8.0% in a population without SUD. Each SUD subtype was associated with a higher rate of intubation compared with matched non‐SUD groups, with cannabis use disorder having the highest relative risk (RR) of 3.67 (95% CI: 2.69–5.02). Tobacco (RR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.79–3.34) and alcohol (RR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.73–4.58) use disorders were both associated with significantly higher risk of tracheotomy.ConclusionThese data suggest that patients with SUD, regardless of subtype, and after propensity matching for demographics and comorbidities are at higher risk for adverse outcomes when presenting with AE. This study highlights clinically relevant predictors of airway compromise.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Research Progress and Recent Advances in Development and Applications of Infrared Stealth Materials: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zhou Yang , Rather Luqman Jameel , Yu Kun , Yang Ming , Lu Ming , Li Qing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn modern war of “find and destroy,” hiding the target is one of the essential means to improve battlefield survivability of personnel, weapons, and equipment. Infrared stealth technology started to emerge when hiding in the visible light band could no longer meet the protection requirements. With the rapid development of infrared detection technology, infrared stealth materials are gradually diversified. At present, infrared stealth technology no longer focuses only on low infrared emissivity, but from multiple perspectives to achieve target stealth, such as the tunability of optical properties, good thermal management, and multi‐spectral compatibility stealth. At the same time, the infrared stealth of the target is gradually shifted from passive to active, emphasizing dynamic integration of the target and the environment. This review summarizes research progress, development, and application of infrared stealth materials. Camouflage dye and infrared stealth coating are classified as traditional technologies, however new developments and novel processes from literature can be constantly retrieved over the years. In addition to dyeing/coating technologies, this review also highlights advanced infrared stealth materials such as thermal insulation materials, phase change materials, electrochromic materials, metamaterials, and bionic materials. Outlines of the advanced technologies are mainly focused on those published in recent years. Challenges and prospects for the future development of infrared stealth materials are presented at the end of the review.
Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Tracheal Substitutes for the Recovery of Long‐Segment Defects
Authors: Kapat Kausik , Gondane Prashil , Kumbhakarn Sakshi , Takle Shruti , Sable Rahul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTracheal resection and reconstruction procedures are necessary when stenosis, tracheomalacia, tumors, vascular lesions, or tracheal injury cause a tracheal blockage. Replacement with a tracheal substitute is often recommended when the trauma exceeds 50% of the total length of the trachea in adults and 30% in children. Recently, tissue engineering and other advanced techniques have shown promise in fabricating biocompatible tracheal substitutes with physical, morphological, biomechanical, and biological characteristics similar to native trachea. Different polymers and biometals are explored. Even with limited success with tissue‐engineered grafts in clinical settings, complete healing of tracheal defects remains a substantial challenge due to low mechanical strength and durability of the graft materials, inadequate re‐epithelialization and vascularization, and restenosis. This review has covered a range of reconstructive and regenerative techniques, design criteria, the use of bioprostheses and synthetic grafts for the recovery of tracheal defects, as well as the traditional and cutting‐edge methods of their fabrication, surface modification for increased immuno‐ or biocompatibility, and associated challenges.
Recognized Ionic Structures in Large Dimension of Graft‐type Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Using Pair Distribution Function Expanded for Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Manh , Tue Nguyen Huynh My , Yen Vo Thi Kim , Ngan Nguyen Nhat Kim , Phuong Huynh Truc , Pham Vinh Nguyen Thanh , Luan Le Quang , Hong Pham Thi Thu , Van Man Tran , Tap Tran Duy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study reports the pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of combined wide‐ and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS/SAXS) profiles of poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) grafted poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) polymer electrolyte membranes (ETFE‐PEMs) within a wide grafting degree (GD) of 0%–117%. The PDF analysis of WAXS profiles (from Cu‐Kα1 radiation) provides a measure in size of the crystallite domains (5.1–8.7 nm). The extension of the PDF analysis for only SAXS profiles shows the distances of crystallite layers of 25.1–32 nm. In particular, SAXS‐PDF analysis is effective in showing the existence of newly generated graft domains with distances ≈60–64 nm, which can not be determined previously by the conventional SAXS analysis. The high similarity in local and higher‐order structures observed for polystyrene grafted ETFE films and ETFE‐PEMs suggests that the hierarchical structures including the spatial arrangement of large amorphous contents in the membranes can be determined at the graft polymerization step. Note that the presence of newly generated PSSA graft domains at large dimension can explain well the comparable or higher proton conductivity of ETFE‐PEMs as compared with commercial Nafion membrane.
Amino‐containing α‐Diimine Nickel Complexes with Adjustable Electronic Properties and their Effective Use in Forming Highly Branched Polyethylene
Authors: Zhang Qiuyue , Wang Quanchao , Wang Yizhou , Ashfaq Ali Muhammad , Ma Yanping , Liang Tongling , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA family of ten amino‐containing bis(arylimino)acenaphthene‐nickel (II) bromide complexes varied in the electronic properties of para‐substituents (R = Me, iPr, tBu, OMe, Cl, F, NO2) as well as two amino‐free comparators (R = Me, Cl) are synthesized in good yield from their corresponding unsymmetrical N,N’‐ligands. All organic compounds are well characterized by different analysis techniques. On activation with Me2AlCl, all nickel complexes exhibit moderate to high activities with a maximum activity up to 14.19 × 106 g (PE) mol−1 (Ni) h−1 and deliver narrow dispersed polyethylene (PDI: 1.85–2.65) with adjustable molecular weight values (Mw: 5.27–18.49 × 105 g mol−1). The presence of remote fluoro‐ group and (4‐amino‐3,5‐dimethylphenyl)(phenyl)methyl group has their own unique influence on activity due to their different electronic and steric properties. Nevertheless, the latter with higher steric hindrance results in better thermal stability of the current catalytic system. Moreover, all polyethylene is highly branched and exhibits typical characteristics of thermoplastic elastomers, especially good mechanical properties (εb up to 1175%) and elastic recovery rate (up to 86%).
Initiator‐Free Synthesis of Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks via Bergman Cyclization
Authors: Cai Yue , Lehmann Florian , Thümmler Justus F. , Hinderberger Dariush , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSemi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs), composed of two or more polymers, forming intertwined network‐architectures, represent a significant type of polymer combination in modern industry, especially in automotive and medical devices. Diverse synthesis techniques and plentiful raw materials highlight semi‐IPNs in providing facile modifications of properties to meet specific needs. An initiator‐free synthesis of semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks via Bergman cyclization (BC) is reported here, acting as a trigger to embed a second polymer via its reactive enediyne (EDY) moiety, then embedded into the first network. (Z)‐oct‐4‐ene‐2,6‐diyne‐1,8‐diol (diol‐EDY) is targeted as the precursor of the second polymer, swollen into the first polyurethane network (PU), followed by a radical polymerization induced by the radicals formed by the BC. The formation of the semi‐IPN is monitored via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, infrared‐spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and thermal methods (DSC), proving the activation of the EDY‐moiety and its subsequent polymerization to form the second polymer. Stress−strain characterization and cyclic stress−strain investigations, together with TGA and DTG analysis, illustrate improved mechanical properties and thermal stability of the formed semi‐IPN compared to the initial PU‐network. The method presented here is a novel and broadly applicable approach to generate semi‐IPNs, triggered by the EDY‐activation via Bergman cyclization.