bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, prevalence and factors associated with anaemia among women of reproductive age in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wiafe Michael Akenteng , Yeboah Georgina Benewaa , Gyamerah Emmanuel , Konlaa Happy Dubique , Ibrahim Ikimah , Benewaa Anita 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Anaemia is a global public health concern. Anaemia in women of reproductive age has negative outcomes on their health and reproduction. Objective: This study assessed the knowledge, prevalence and associated factors of anaemia among non-pregnant and non-lactating women of reproductive age in Northern Ghana. Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Method: A systematic random sampling was used to select 317 participants from the Tamale Metropolis. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the sociodemographic, knowledge level of anaemia and iron foods. Haemoglobin levels were determined using URIT-12. Haemoglobin status was classified according to the World Health Organization standards. Descriptive statistics and chi-square were used in the statistical analysis. Results: The mean age (SD) of participants was 26.4 ± 6.9. A large proportion (68.8%) of the women had knowledge about anaemia, and the source of information was mainly health professionals (56.4%). More than half of the participants knew of the symptoms (80%), causes (83.9%), prevention measures (81.2%), consequences of anaemia (64.2%) and iron-rich food sources (76%). A greater share of the participants, however, had no knowledge of both iron-enhancing foods (53.7%) and iron-inhibiting foods (51.8%). The prevalence of anaemia was high generally (63.1%) and was highest among females at the tertiary institutions (43%) and who were single (60.5%). A significant association existed between income status and haemoglobin status ( χ2 = 6.3, p = 0.044). Conclusion: The majority of participants knew about anaemia; however, they had limited knowledge of iron-enhancing and inhibiting foods. The prevalence of anaemia was high among women of reproductive age. Integrating economic empowerment and nutrition education with the inclusion of iron-enhancing and iron-inhibiting foods could help to reduce the high prevalence of anaemia among women of reproductive age.
Stenopool: A Comprehensive Platform for Consolidating Diabetes Device Data
Authors: Selmer Christian , Green Allan , Madsen Simon , Johannesen Martin , Jensen Magnus T. , Nørgaard Kirsten 
Published: July 2024

Background: The growing adoption of diabetes devices has highlighted the need for integrated platforms to consolidate data from various vendors and device types, enhancing the patient experience and treatment. This shift could pave the way for a transition from conventional outpatient diabetes clinics to advanced home monitoring and virtual care methods. Overall, we wished to empower individuals with diabetes and healthcare providers to interpret and utilize information from diabetes devices more effectively. Methods: Stenopool integrates most diabetes devices for glucose monitoring and insulin administration in our clinic. The platform was initially developed with inspiration from open-source software, and the current version is a unique digital platform for managing and analyzing diabetes device data. The development process, outcomes, and status are described. Results: Since November 2021, Stenopool has been used in our outpatient clinic to integrate over 30 different diabetes devices from around 7000 individuals. Data are primarily uploaded via wired connections, but also using semi-automated and automated cloud-to-cloud data transfers. The platform offers a streamlined workflow for healthcare providers and displays data from various glucose meter, insulin pump, and continuous glucose monitor (CGM) vendors on a single screen in a manner that healthcare providers can modify. A data warehouse with data from Stenopool and electronical health records is nearing completion, preparing the development of tools for population health management, quality assessment, and risk stratification of patients. Conclusion: Using Stenopool, we aimed to enhance diabetes device data management, facilitate the future for virtual patient care pathways, and improve outcomes. This article outlines the platform’s development process and challenges.
Comparative seropositivity of Listeria monocytogenes in the serum of pregnant women with and without a history of abortion by serological and culture methods
Authors: Vafai Sahel , Maroofi Naghadehi Mardin , Keshavarzi Fatemeh 
Published: July 2024

Objective: Listeria monocytogenes is a major cause of miscarriage and postpartum infections in infant. Determining antibody levels against listeriolysin O can be valuable for diagnosing both invasive listeriosis and febrile gastroenteritis. However, serological methods that detect antibodies against incomplete forms of listeriolysin O can be more specific. The objective of this study was to identify ( Listeria monocytogenes) in the serum of pregnant women using serological and culture methods. Methods: Clinical samples (120 cases) were collected from pregnant women with a gestational age of less than 20 weeks. Diagnosis of Listeria monocytogenes was conducted using culture methods to identify anti-Listeria antibodies. Statistical analysis of the results was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.0 (New York, USA), Pearson’s Chi Square and fisher tests. Results: The number of positive samples by culture and ELISA was 24.16% (29) and 28.3% (34), respectively. Out of the 29 positive sample by the culture method, 10 individuals had no abortion history, 16 and 3 individuals had 1 and 2 abortions and no sample had 3 abortions. Maybe, the more abortions a person has had, the less likely they are to be infected. In the Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method, 13 individuals tested positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies and 38 individuals tested negative. Additionally, among the positive individuals with 1, 2, and 3 miscarriages, 0, 17, and 3 people were positive for the IgG antibody and 0, 18, and 3 individuals were positive for the IgM antibody. The analysis results indicated that there was no significant relationship between culture and abortion history ( p = 0.316), IgG ELISA and history of miscarriage ( p = 0.672) and IgM ELISA and history of miscarriage ( p = 0.552). Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between infection with Listeria monocytogenes and abortion ( p ⩾ 0.05) in our samples. These results should be interpreted with caution due to the limitation of our small sample size.
Detection of wound healing disorders after major amputations by measurements of the microcirculation: A prospective single-center study
Authors: Zetzmann Katharina , Papatheodorou Nikolaos , Rühl Eva , Yagshyyev Shatlyk , Haney Briain , Moosmann Oxana , Li Yi , Meyer Alexander , Knieling Ferdinand , Behrendt Christian-Alexander , Lang Werner , Rother Ulrich 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Although major amputations can often be avoided due to evolving methods of endovascular and surgical revascularizations techniques, in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia, it is still necessary in some cases. Aim of this study was the detection of wound healing disorders through intraoperative microcirculation measurements in major limb amputations. Materials and methods: In this single-center clinical study, patients with an indication for major amputation were enrolled prospectively. Cause of amputation, patients’ comorbidities including cardiovascular risk profile were assessed. Macrocirculation, as well as microcirculation were assessed. Microcirculation measurements were performed by fluorescence angiography with the administration of indocyanine green. A preoperative measurement was obtained at the amputation level, followed by three additional measurements of the amputation stump postoperatively. Wound healing was monitored and correlated with the microcirculatory findings, based on the perfusion parameters ingress and ingress rate, calculated in the indocyanine green fluorescence video sequences of the amputation stumps. Results: Forty-five patients were enrolled, including 19 (42%) below-the-knee amputations and 26 (58%) above-the-knee amputations. When considering the need for revision, a change in the microperfusion parameters was observed postoperatively. The mean value for ingress was significantly lower directly postoperatively in stumps requiring revisions (5 ± 0 A.U. versus 40.5 ± 42.5 A.U., p < 0.001). The mean value of ingress rate behaved similarly (0.15 ± 0.07 A.U./s versus 2.8 ± 5.0 A.U./s, p = 0.005). The evaluation of indocyanine green measurements when wound healing disorders occurred also showed nonsignificant differences in the mean values. Conclusion: Fluorescence angiography after major lower limb amputations appears to be an option of depicting microperfusion. Especially, the early postoperative detection of reduced perfusion can indicate a subsequent need for revision. Therefore, this method could possibly serve as a tool for intraoperative quality control after major limb amputation.
ChatGPT sitting for FRCS Urology examination: Will artificial intelligence get certified?
Authors: Desouky Elsayed , Jallad Samer , Bhardwa Jeetesh , Sharma Harbinder , Kalsi Jas 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The use of artificial intelligence (AI), including neural networks and deep learning, has rapidly changed many industries. One recent application of AI that has gained the attention of physicians and the general public alike is ChatGPT, a chatbot developed and released by OpenAI Inc. in November2022. We challenged ChatGPT to sit the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) Urology examination, both parts, to assess its performance and determine its eligibility for the title. Methods: We prepared a set of 100 Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) for Part 1 and 8 viva scenarios for Part 2. We choose to use ChatGPT 3.5 that is the free version available online, and responses were documented during the simulation. Results: In Part 1 MCQs, Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) managed to answer some questions correctly with an overall score of 35%. However, in Part 2 Viva, its performance improved to an extent, demonstrating proficiency by offering detailed explanations and reasoning, achieving average score in some stations. ChatGPT’s performance raised some concerns on answering questions. Conclusion: AI is definitely an asset that can be used in our daily practice, yet it is crucial to take into consideration the concerns about the accuracy of data provided, including AI hallucination. ChatGPT failed to get the FRCS Urology title this time. Still in the early stages of development, further research is necessary to comprehensively understand their limitations and capabilities. Level of evidence: Not applicable
Social and physical environment effects on toileting disability among older adults in India
Authors: Fong Joelle H. , Selvamani Y. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To examine the prevalence of toileting disability among older adults in India and its association with broad aspects of the physical and social environment.

Methods
We use data from the inaugural wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India and focus on adults aged 65 and older (N = 20,789). We draw on the disablement process model and existing frameworks to identify environmental factors and other risk factors that may be associated with toileting disability. Hierarchical logistic regressions are implemented to analyze the health impacts from physical and social environment characteristics.

Results
One in five older Indian adults had difficulties with toileting, and the prevalence rate of this functional disability varied across sub-national regions. We find that low neighborhood trust was associated with an increased likelihood of toileting disability, as was the use of assistive mobility devices. The negative effects of these social and external environment characteristics hold when we stratified the sample by rural and urban residency. Also, older adults in urban areas without access to toilets and using shared latrines had higher odds of being disabled in terms of toileting. Other factors important in explaining toileting disability among older adults included poor self-rated health, arthritis, currently working, living in the East or West region, and having functional limitations.

Conclusions
Poor person-environment fit can compromise older adults’ ability to perform self-care tasks. Policymakers need to look beyond the physical environment (e.g., dedicating resources to construct toilet facilities) to adopt a more holistic, multi-faceted approach in their sanitation policies. Improving the safety of neighborhood surroundings in which shared latrines are located and the availability of accessible toilets that cater to those with mobility impairments can help improve independence in toileting among older adults.
Bacteremia caused by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans with the intestinal tract as the portal of entry: two case reports and a literature review
Authors: Yamaizumi Kotone , Kyotani Moe , Kenzaka Tsuneaki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (D. desulfuricans), a commensal anaerobic gram-negative rod endemic to the soil environment and human gastrointestinal tract, rarely causes bloodstream infections. We report two rare cases of bacteremia caused by D. desulfuricans in which the intestinal tract was the portal of entry. In addition, we summarize findings on D. desulfuricans.

Case presentation
Case 1: A 51-year-old man presented to the emergency department with the chief complaints of fever and right lower abdominal pain. He was admitted to the hospital with ascending colonic diverticulitis and received empirical antibacterial therapy with piperacillin/tazobactam. Blood culture revealed D. desulfuricans. The patient was discharged after 2 weeks of antimicrobial therapy. Case 2: A 95-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of fever. Owing to an elevated inflammatory response and pyuria, the patient was diagnosed with pyelonephritis and treated with ceftriaxone. Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected in her urine culture, while D. desulfuricans was detected in her blood culture. The patient was then treated with ampicillin/sulbactam for 14 days. The fecal occult blood test result was positive, suggesting a colonic mucosal lesion, such as a malignant tumor, may have been the portal of entry for D. desulfuricans bacteremia. Previous literature reviews indicate that D. desulfuricans bacteremia often results from liver or renal abscesses, intestinal lesions, among others, serving as the portal of entry. Although no specific underlying disease has been reported, it is more common in the older population. We encountered two cases of D. desulfuricans bacteremia and combined them with 15 cases from previous studies to explore the characteristics of the disease. The proportion of patients aged $$\:\ge\:$$60 years was 73.7%; overall, 73.7% had gastrointestinal complications, and 63.2% had abdominal symptoms at the time of presentation.

Conclusions
We encountered two rare cases of D. desulfurican bacteremia. This type of bacteremia is more common in elderly people over 60 years of age and is often associated with hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal diseases.
Population genetic structure and phylogenetic analysis of Anopheles hyrcanus (Diptera: Culicidae) inferred from DNA sequences of nuclear ITS2 and the mitochondrial COI gene in the northern part of Iran
Authors: Askari Fatemeh , Paksa Azim , Shahabi Saeed , Saeedi Shahin , Sofizadeh Aioub , Vahedi Mozaffar , Soltani Aboozar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundTheAnopheles hyrcanusgroup is distributed throughout the Oriental and Palaearctic regions and can transmit diseases such as malaria, Japanese encephalitis virus, and filariasis. This investigation marks the inaugural comprehensive study to undertake a phylogenetic analysis of the constituents of this malaria vector group in the northeastern region of Iran, juxtaposed with documented occurrences from different areas within Iran and worldwide.MethodsMosquitoes were collected using various methods from nine different locations in Golestan province from April to December 2023. The collected mosquitoes were identified morphologically using valid taxonomic keys. DNA was isolated using the Sambio™ Kit. COI and ITS2 primers were designed using Oligo7 and GeneRunner. PCR and purification were performed with the Qiagen kit. Subsequently, sequencing was carried out at the Mehr Mam GENE Center using an Applied Biosystems 3730XL sequencer. The nucleotide sequences were then analyzed and aligned with GenBank data using BioEdit. Kimura 2-parameter was Utilized for base substitutions. DNA models were selected based on AIC and BIC criteria. Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood trees were constructed, along with a haplotype network. Molecular diversity statistics computed using DnaSP software.ResultsIn this study, a total of 819 adult mosquitoes were collected.An. hyrcanuswas the second most abundant species, predominantly found in Kalaleh and Turkman counties. The sequenced and edited COI and ITS2 sequences were deposited in GenBank under specific accession numbers. Phylogenetic analyses using ML, BI, and NJ methods confirmed a monophyletic lineage forAn. hyrcanuswith strong support. Molecular analysis of IranianAn. hyrcanusfound 11 diverse haplotypes, with the COI gene displaying low diversity. The ITS2 gene revealed two clades - one associating with Iran, Europe, and Asia; the other originating from southwestern Iran. The haplotype network showed two main groups - one from southwest Iran and the other from north Iran. Iran exhibited six distinct haplotypes, while Turkey showcased the highest diversity.ConclusionsAn. hyrcanusin southwestern Iran exhibits a distinct haplogroup, suggesting possible subspecies differentiation. Additional studies are required to validate this phenomenon.
Value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in distinguishing sinonasal lymphoma from sinonasal carcinoma: a case control study
Authors: Liu Chong , Wang Ye , Zhang Duo , Zhou Jin , Wu Yan , Guo Ying , Liu Rui-Chao , Xu Jin-E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) parameters in distinguishing sinonasal lymphoma from sinonasal carcinoma.

Methods
Forty-two participants with histologically confirmed sinonasal lymphomas and fifty-two cases of sinonasal carcinoma underwent imaging with a 3.0T MRI scanner. DCE-MRI and DWI were conducted, and various parameters including type of time-intensity curve(TIC), time to peak, peak enhancement, peak contrast enhancement, washout rate, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and relative ADC were measured. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to assess the diagnostic capability of individual and combined indices for differentiating nasal sinus lymphoma from nasal sinus carcinoma.

Results
Sinonasal lymphoma predominantly exhibited type II TIC(n = 20), whereas sinonasal carcinoma predominantly exhibited type III TIC(n = 23). Significant differences were observed in all parameters except washout ratio (p < 0.05), and ADC value emerged as the most reliable diagnostic tool in single parameter. Combined DCE-MRI parameters demonstrated superior diagnostic efficacy compared to individual parameters, with the highest efficiency (area under curve = 0.945) achieved when combining all parameters of DCE-MRI and DWI.

Conclusions
Multiparametric evaluation involving contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI and DWI holds considerable diagnostic value in distinguishing sinonasal lymphoma from sinonasal carcinoma.
Gut microbiome and metabolism alterations in schizophrenia with metabolic syndrome severity
Authors: Zhao Hongxia , Zhu Guang , Zhu Tong , Ding Binbin , Xu Ahong , Gao Songyan , Chao Yufan , Li Na , Chen Yongchun , Wang Zuowei , Jie Yong , Dong Xin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients undergoing antipsychotic treatment demonstrated a high prevalence and harmful effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which acted as the major cause of cardiovascular disease. The major clinical challenge is the lack of biomarkers to identify MetS episodes and prevent further damage, while the mechanisms underlying these drug-induced MetS remain unknown.

Methods
This study divided 173 participants with SCZ into 3 groups (None, High risk, and MetS, consisting of 22, 88, and 63 participants, respectively). The potential biomarkers were searched based on 16S rRNA gene sequence together with metabolism analysis. Logistic regression was used to test the effects of the genus-metabolites panel on early MetS diagnoses.

Results
A genus-metabolites panel, consisting of Senegalimassilia, sphinganine, dihomo-gamma-linolenoylcholine, isodeoxycholic acid, and MG (0:0/22:5/0:0), which involved in sphigolipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, secondary bile acid biosynthesis and glycerolipid metabolism, has a great discrimination efficiency to MetS with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.911 compared to the None MetS group (P = 1.08E-8). Besides, Senegalimassilia, 3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl carnitine, isodeoxycholic acid, and DG(TXB2/0:0/2:0) distinguished between subgroups robustly and exhibited a potential correlation with the severity of MetS in patients with SCZ, and may act as the biomarkers for early MetS diagnosis.

Conclusions
Our multi–omics study showed that one bacterial genus-five lipid metabolites panel is the potential risk factor for MetS in SCZ. Furthermore, Senegalimassilia, 3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl carnitine, isodeoxycholic acid, and DG(TXB2/0:0/2:0) could serve as novel diagnostic markers in the early stage. So, it is obvious that the combination of bacterial genus and metabolites yields excellent discriminatory power, and the lipid metabolism provide new understanding to the pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy for MetS in SCZ.