bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing a social intranet in a professional services environment through Web 2.0 technologies
Authors: Hamadani Janes Shimrit , Patrick Keith , Dotsika Fefie 
Published: January 2014

Purpose– Research into professional services firms that have successfully implemented and adopted Web 2.0 tools are still rare, with no widely known accepted methodologies or frameworks. The purpose of this case study is to investigate a medium-sized law firm that embarked on a KM programme that makes explicit use of emergent enterprise-based Web 2.0 tools.Design/methodology/approach– The overlying research methodology applied is action research, in particular participatory action research (PAR). The study draws on interviews with practitioners, consultants and knowledge workers and takes into consideration multiple stakeholder views and value conflicts. The project is part of a Knowledge Transfer Partnership between RPC LLP and Westminster Business School.Findings– Implementation of Web 2.0 tools in professional services requires the blending of a number of approaches to address the intrinsic tension between the open, participative behaviour and iterative development methodologies encouraged by social tools, and more traditional management styles and methods of developing IT solutions.Research limitations/implications– This article presents a single case study based on a law firm that, at the start of the research, was operating from a single location in London and at the time of writing has expanded to multiple locations, including overseas. There may be a limitation to implementing lessons learned and methodologies to larger organisations and organisations outside the legal sector.Originality/value– While many organisations are still attempting to understand how they can practically implement Web 2.0 tools, this case study presents findings from a law firm that has had an internal Web 2.0-based knowledge solution in place for over two years. The research also makes use of a KM maturity model in order to assess the impact of the Web 2.0 implementation.
Epiphytes improve host plant water use by microenvironment modification
Authors: Stanton Daniel E. , Huallpa Chávez Jackelyn , Villegas Luis , Villasante Francisco , Armesto Juan , Hedin Lars O. , Horn Henry 
Published: January 2014

Summary

Epiphytes have the potential to modify the canopy environments in which they grow. Accurately evaluating the impact of epiphytes can be challenging, since plants without epiphytes may also otherwise differ from host plants, and experimental removal is impractical and difficult to replicate in many forests.

We studied the impacts of epiphytes (primarily fruticose lichens and Tillandsia spp.) on host plants (Eulychnia saint‐pieana and Caesalpinia spinosa) in two fog ecosystems in Chile (Pan de Azucar) and Peru (Atiquipa). These desert ecosystems sustain very high epiphyte loads and depend heavily on fog‐water inputs. Using a combination of artificial substrates and epiphyte removals, we show significant impacts of epiphytes on their host plants.

The presence of epiphytes reduced throughfall volumes, reducing fog and rainfall inputs to the soil beneath host plant canopies.

Soil moisture loss rate was increased below cacti after removal of epiphytes from sun‐facing but not shade‐facing branches. This suggests epiphyte effects on hosts are microclimatic.

Epiphytes also buffered temperature fluctuations and reduced daytime vapour pressure deficit.

Epiphytes can have strong effects on host plant ecophysiology and forest ecosystem processes, making them an important component for models and studies of canopy environments.
Competition as a mechanism structuring mutualisms
Authors: Warren Robert J. , Giladi Itamar , Bradford Mark A. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryHutchinsonian niche theory posits that organisms have fundamental abiotic resource requirements from which they are limited by competition. Organisms also have fundamental biotic requirements, such as mutualists, for which they also might compete.We test this idea with a widespread ant–plant mutualism. Ant‐mediated seed dispersal (myrmecochory) in eastern North America involves a few ant species that can effectively disperse the seeds of many plant species. This imbalance suggests that ant‐dispersed plants (myrmecochores) might compete for ant dispersers. We hypothesized that, because larger seeds are more attractive to ants, myrmecochores might segregate the timing of seed release by size to relieve competition.Comparative literature analysis across plant species reveals that myrmecochore seed size increases with the fruiting season in a staggered pattern so that small‐ and large‐seeded co‐occurring species do not release seeds at the same time – a pattern not observed in plants using other dispersal modes.We then presented foraging ants with small and large seeds in field trials throughout the fruiting season to test whether the observed temporal segregation in myrmecochore seed size is consistent with plant competition for ant dispersers.Our results show that dispersal rates for smaller seeds increase across the growing season, but only in the absence of large seeds. Our combined literature and field data suggest that myrmecochores stagger fruiting by seed size so that small seeds are set earlier to avoid competition for dispersal mutualists with larger seeds.Synthesis. Ecological interactions are often treated as either positive or negative, but our data blur this distinction by revealing that a positive interaction (mutualism) might be structured by a negative interaction (competition). Moreover, the recognition of biotic resources as critical niche requirements blurs the classic dichotomy between the fundamental (abiotic) versus realized (biotic limited) niche.
Anchor placement and subsequent movement in a mesh kit with self‐fixating tips: 6‐month follow‐up of a prospective cohort
Authors: Brennand EA , Bhayana D , Tang S , Birch C , Murphy M , Cenaiko D , Ross S , Robert M 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo describe the initial placement of Elevate single‐incision mesh kit device tips relative to the sacrospinous ligament, and to measure tip movement over a 6‐month period from initial placement.DesignProspective cohort.SettingTertiary care urogynaecology centre in Calgary, Canada.PopulationWomen electing for surgical management of anterior vaginal wall prolapse.MethodsTen women underwent anterior prolapse repair using the Elevate single‐incision mesh kit with a metallic fiducial marker attached to the tips of the surgical device. Women were imaged by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 48 hours of surgery, and again 6 months later to investigate the position of the device tips and change ≥4 mm over the 6‐month postoperative period.Main outcome measure(s)Position of self‐fixating tips within 48 hours of surgery, and at six months post‐operative.ResultsAnchor insertion was directly into the sacrospinous ligament in 10 of 20 insertion points (50%, 95% CI 27–73%). Movement was most often noted in the cranial‐caudal direction: a change in location of ≥4 mm was observed for 8/20 anchors (40%, 95% CI 19–64%). Cranial‐caudal movement was observed less frequently among sacrospinous anchors than among anchors inserted into other pelvic structures (1/10 versus 7/10, P = 0.020, difference in proportion −60%, 95% CI −94 to −26%). PFDI‐20 scores improved statistically significantly by 6 months (P = 0.008, mean change −62.9%, 95% CI −105.1 to −20.7%), but PFIQ‐7 scores did not change statistically significantly over the same time period (P = 0.523, mean change −12.4%, 95% CI −54.5 to 29.8%).ConclusionsThe novel self‐fixating anchoring tips of this single‐incision mesh kit do not reliably anchor into the sacrospinous ligament. The tips have been shown to move with time, although not all cases of anchor movement were associated with recurrent prolapse.
Increased risk of preterm delivery and pre‐eclampsia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenaemia
Authors: Naver KV , Grinsted J , Larsen SO , Hedley PL , Jørgensen FS , Christiansen M , Nilas L 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo study the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and to examine the role of hyperandrogenaemia.DesignCohort study.SettingSingleton pregnancies in women with PCOS identified at a private fertility clinic during 1997–2010 and a background population including all singleton deliveries at Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark, in 2005.PopulationA cohort of 459 women with PCOS and a background population of 5409 women.MethodsObstetric outcomes were extracted from national Danish registries and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, parity, and body mass index.Main outcome measuresRisk of pre‐eclampsia, preterm delivery, and small for gestational age offspring in the entire PCOS population and in a subsample with hyperandrogenaemia.ResultsWomen with PCOS had an increased risk of preterm delivery <37 weeks of gestation (OR 2.28; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 1.51–3.45; P < 0.0001). The elevated risk was confined to hyperandrogenic women with PCOS: preterm delivery before 37 weeks of gestation (OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.62–4.77; P < 0.0001), and was not seen in normoandrogenic women with PCOS (OR 1.35; 95% CI 0.54–3.39; P = 0.52). The overall risk of pre‐eclampsia was not elevated (OR 1.69; 95% CI 0.99–2.88; P = 0.05) compared with the background population, but was significantly increased in the hyperandrogenic subsample (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.26–4.58; P < 0.001). The risk of small for gestational age offspring was similar in all groups.ConclusionWomen with PCOS had an increased risk of preterm delivery compared with the background population. The increased risk was confined to hyperandrogenic women with PCOS who had a two‐fold increased risk of preterm delivery and pre‐eclampsia.
Widespread infection and diverse infection patterns of Wolbachia in Chinese aphids
Authors: Wang Zhe , Su Xiao‐Min , Wen Juan , Jiang Li‐Yun , Qiao Ge‐Xia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWolbachia are intracellular symbionts that infect a wide range of arthropods and filarial nematodes. Aphids are engaged in diverse and complex relationships with their endosymbionts. Four supergroups (A, B, M and N) of Wolbachia were previously detected in aphids and supergroups M and N were only found in aphids. In this study, we detected and described Wolbachia infections in natural populations of aphids in China. Three supergroups (A, B and M) were found in the examined aphid species. Supergroup M was preponderant, whereas supergroups A and B were only detected in certain species. Supergroup N was not found in this study. There were four infection patterns of Wolbachia in aphids, namely, infection with supergroup M alone, co‐infection with supergroups A and M, co‐infection with supergroups B and M, and co‐infection with supergroups A, B and M. The pattern of infection only with supergroup M was universal and was found in all evaluated subfamilies. Only two subfamilies, Aphidinae and Lachninae, manifested to present all four infection patterns. Three patterns were observed in Calaphidinae (M, A&M, B&M) and Eriosomatinae (M, B&M, A&B&M). Two patterns were observed in the Anoeciinae (M, A&M) and Greenideinae (M, B&M), and only one pattern (M) was observed in the remaining families and/or subfamilies of Aphidoidea. These results indicated that Wolbachia infections in Chinese aphids are widespread. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Wolbachia supergroup M spread rapidly and recently among all host species of aphids in China. Reasons for this spread and its mechanisms are discussed along with the possible effects of Wolbachia on their aphid hosts.
Expression of B‐cell‐specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 mRNA and protein in gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Peng Wei , Lin Yun , Chen Xiao Yu 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of B‐cell‐specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi‐1) in gastric cancer (GC) and its relationship with the clinicopathological features of GC.MethodsLaser capture microdissection combined with real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to determine the expressions of Bmi‐1, the cellular homologue of avian myelocytomatosis virus (c‐Myc), enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and epithelial cadherin (E‐cadherin) in 20 GC specimens and the adjacent non‐cancerous gastric tissues.ResultsThe mRNA and protein expressions of Bmi‐1 in GC were increased compared with those of the non‐cancerous gastric tissues (P = 0.012 and P = 0.000, respectively). Bmi‐1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with tumor size, degree of tumor differentiation, invasion and lymph node metastasis. At both mRNA and protein levels, Bmi‐1 was positively correlated with c‐Myc and EZH2, but negatively correlated with PTEN and E‐cadherin.ConclusionBmi‐1 might be involved in GC at both transcription and translation levels.
Modelling geographical variation in voltinism of Hylobius abietis under climate change and implications for management
Authors: Wainhouse David , Inward Daegan J. G. , Morgan Geoffrey 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Hylobius abietis develop in conifer root‐stumps and emerging adults attack replanted trees. Development is largely semi‐voltine and this is an important determinant of economic impact, influencing the length of a fallow period or the frequency of chemical control.
A simulation model followed a generation of weevils through the life cycle to predict voltinism based on temperature in the root‐stump microhabitat modelled from air temperature. Daily air temperatures for representative U.K. locations simulated from the U.K. Climate Projections 2009 Weather Generator for the 2030–2070s were used to predict the potential effect of climate change on voltinism.
The life cycle currently takes 2–3 years in the north and west (N&W) of the U.K. but, in the south and east (S&E), a 2‐year cycle predominates. From the 2030s onwards, a predominant 2‐year life cycle in the N&W was predicted to reduce economic impact in this region. In the S&E, however, the predicted 1–2‐year cycle would be unlikely to reduced the period over which pest management was required.
Changes in voltinism to the 2070s revealed different temporal patterns, emphasizing the importance for management of modelling local, as well as regional scale variation in the effects of climate change in Europe.
A tryptophan metabolite, kynurenine, promotes mast cell activation through aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Authors: Kawasaki H. , Chang H.‐W. , Tseng H.‐C. , Hsu S.‐C. , Yang S.‐J. , Hung C.‐H. , Zhou Y. , Huang S.‐K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundTryptophan metabolites have been suggested to play a role in immune modulation, wherein those have recently been shown to be endogenous ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR; a unique cellular chemical sensor). However, the involvement of tryptophan metabolites and AhR in modulating mast cell function remains to be fully defined. We therefore investigated that the functional impacts of tryptophan metabolites on human and mouse mast cell responses in vitro and their functional importance in vivo.MethodsThree tryptophan metabolites, kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KA) and quinolinic acid (QA), were examined in terms of their effect on IgE‐mediated responses in mouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells (BMMCs) and in human peripheral blood‐derived cultured mast cells (HCMCs) and on in vivo anaphylactic responses. For evaluation of AhR involvement, we examined the responses of mast cells from AhR‐null or AhR‐wild‐type mice with the use of a known AhR antagonist, CH223191.ResultsKynurenine, but not KA and QA, enhanced IgE‐mediated responses, including degranulation, LTC4 release, and IL‐13 production in BMMCs through the activation of PLCγ1, Akt, MAPK p38, and the increase of intracellular calcium. KYN also enhanced cutaneous anaphylaxis in vivo. These enhancing effects of KYN were not observed in AhR‐deficient BMMCs and could be inhibited by CH223191 in BMMCs. Further, KYN had similar enhancing effects on HCMCs, which were inhibited by CH223191.ConclusionThe AhR‐KYN axis is potentially important in modulating mast cell responses and represents an example of AhR's critical involvement in the regulation of allergic responses.
Persistence of elevated deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies on a gluten‐free diet indicates nonresponsive coeliac disease
Authors: Spatola B. N. , Kaukinen K. , Collin P. , Mäki M. , Kagnoff M. F. , Daugherty P. S. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundHistologically nonresponsive coeliac disease (NRCD) is a potentially serious condition diagnosed during the follow‐up of coeliac disease (CD) when patients have persistent villous atrophy despite following a gluten‐free diet (GFD).AimAs current assessments of recovery are limited to invasive and costly serial duodenal biopsies, we sought to identify antibody biomarkers for CD patients that do not respond to traditional therapy.MethodsBacterial display peptide libraries were screened by flow cytometry to identify epitopes specifically recognised by antibodies from patients with NRCD, but not by antibodies from responsive CD patients. Deamidated gliadin was confirmed to be the antigen mimicked by library peptides using ELISA with sera from NRCD (n = 15) and responsive CD (n = 45) patients on a strict GFD for at least 1 year.ResultsThe dominant consensus epitope sequence identified by unbiased library screening QPxx(A/P)FP(E/D) was highly similar to reported deamidated gliadin peptide (dGP) B‐cell epitopes. Measurement of anti‐dGP IgG titre by ELISA discriminated between NRCD and responsive CD patients with 87% sensitivity and 89% specificity. Importantly, dGP antibody titre correlated with the severity of mucosal damage indicating that IgG dGP titres may be useful to monitor small intestinal mucosal recovery on a GFD.ConclusionsThe finding of increased levels of anti‐dGP IgG antibodies in CD patients on strict GFDs effectively identifies patients with NRCD. Finally, anti‐dGP IgG assays may be useful to monitor mucosal damage and histological improvement in CD patients on a strict GFD.
Social isolation schema responds to positive social experiences: Longitudinal evidence from vulnerable populations
Authors: Cruwys Tegan , Dingle Genevieve A. , Hornsey Matthew J. , Jetten Jolanda , Oei Tian P. S. , Walter Zoe C. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesMaladaptive schemas are stable cognitive working models of the world, learnt early in life, that interfere with effective functioning and underlie chronic mental illness. A major challenge for cognitive therapy has been how to modify schemas when they are so enduring and stable. We propose that because maladaptive schemas are formed through social experiences (typically abusive or neglectful ones), they might best be corrected through positive social experiences that directly challenge the schema.DesignTwo longitudinal studies were conducted, one with patients undergoing group cognitive‐behavioural therapy (N = 92) and one with homeless individuals residing in temporary accommodation (N = 76).MethodIn each study, social isolation schema was measured at Time 1 and again at Time 2 following a group‐based social experience (group psychotherapy or temporary residence at a community organization). A positive experience of group life was operationalized as social identification with the therapy group in Study 1 or the community organization in Study 2.ResultsIn both studies, social identification led to a significant reduction in social isolation schema. Study 2 indicated that these effects were fully mediated by the formation of ties to new social groups, such that social identification scaffolded the development of new group memberships, which in turn decreased the endorsement of maladaptive schema.ConclusionsSocial identification facilitates the correction of socially situated schema such as social isolation.Practitioner points

Maladaptive schemas are modifiable in short‐term therapy or even in community settings.

The experience of being accepted and belonging to a social group can challenge a person's deep‐seated belief that they are socially isolated.

Positive social experiences may act as scaffolding to help socially isolated individuals build new social group memberships.

Less positively, social isolation schema can also act as a feedback loop, preventing people from identifying with groups, resulting in a negative social experience that may further embed the schema.

Further research is needed to determine how clinicians might facilitate social identification.
The Unexpected Appearance of a New German Model
Authors: Eichhorst Werner 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMost Continental European labour markets and welfare states have experienced a substantial transformation. Germany is a case in point as it exhibits increasing levels of employment and a growing share of low pay and non‐standard work. The article claims that changes in labour market institutions play a major role, but changes in industrial relations at the sectoral level and individual firms' staffing practices are equally important. Regarding labour market institutions, the pattern found in Germany shows sequences of reforms addressing the margins of the labour market and contributing to a growing dualization of employment. This dualization trend was reinforced by micro‐level dynamics in industrial relations and company employment practices, where we can observe growing reliance on mechanisms of internal flexibility for the skilled core workforce and increasing use of non‐standard types of employment in less specifically skilled occupations, in particular in the private service sector. Hence, the adjustment of the German model can only be understood by taking into account the interaction of policy change and actors' adaptive behaviour.
Oil and gas infrastructure and the spatial pattern of grizzly bear habitat selection in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Laberee Karen , Nelson Trisalyn A. , Stewart Benjamin P. , McKay Tracy , Stenhouse Gordon B. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOil and gas development is increasing in areas of Alberta, Canada that are also home to threatened grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations. While impacts of forest disturbances on bears have been heavily studied, research on the impacts of oil and gas activities is limited. Our research goal was to test the hypothesis that grizzly bears select locations of oil and gas development randomly, using grizzly bear telemetry data collected from 2005 to 2010 in the Kakwa region of Alberta. Maps of probability of resource use by bears were generated and used to conditionally randomize telemetry data to classify bear locations as being closer, farther, or no different than expected from oil and gas features. Our results indicated that bears were generally observed closer to oil and gas features during spring. Adult males were farther than expected to all features during the summer season. During fall, adult females showed avoidance of all oil and gas features during the day, but were closer at night. Active wellsites were avoided by all bears in the fall, and roads were avoided more than pipelines. Spatial analysis and geographic information science are ideal tools for examining the influence of landscape features on wildlife.