bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The end of Operation New Dawn
Authors: Battjes Mark 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter discusses the operations of the US Army’s 25th Infantry Division during the final six months of Operation New Dawn. The division oversaw the closure or transfer of all remaining US bases in Iraq and secured the withdrawal of tens of thousands of personnel. To accomplish its mission more effectively, the division partially reorganized its staff along functional lines of effort. The chapter focuses on this reorganization and explains how the division concentrated effort on the most difficult problems, particularly the need to provide protection for all operations and close or transfer bases. The chapter concludes by describing how the division coordinated and synchronized the final withdrawal of ground forces while mitigating the inherent risk of such an operation.
‘Insider’/‘outsider’ policing
Authors: Sinclair Georgina 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Since the mid-1990s, the Ministry of Defence Police (MDP) has carved out a particular niche in international policing assistance, providing nearly half of all UK police deployed overseas, and, from 2008 to 2014 has supported UK policing efforts in Afghanistan. This chapter draws on the MDP’s Afghanistan experiences under Operation Herrick, reflecting on the role of stakeholders and providers at the UK end and in Afghanistan. In this case an opportunity arose to improve the provision of international policing services at the centre, to identify those ‘lessons needing to be learnt’ in theatre within an integrated military–police approach to police monitoring, mentoring, and advising. This may provide an opportunity to harness lessons learnt to any future overseas policing missions within post-conflict and fragile states and may benefit the development of international policing and rule of law doctrine more broadly.
From syntax to roots
Authors: Acedo–Matellán Víctor , Mateu Jaume 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn recent years the important idea has been advanced that the interpretation of arguments takes place on the basis of their syntactic position in event structure, or, alternatively, argument structure configurations. This chapter extends this idea to the interpretation of roots: roots are structurally interpreted depending on the position they occupy in the syntactic configuration. By drawing a crucial distinction between the conceptual and the syntactic interpretations of roots, the chapter shows that roots, from the conceptual point of view, are opaque to the syntactic computation and, hence, to the structural semantics of the linguistic expression. As a result, grammatically relevant ontologies of roots become spurious.
The roots of nominality, the nominality of roots
Authors: Acquaviva Paolo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis chapter explores a perspective on nominal meaning, which does not take noun referents for granted but instead focuses on the conceptualization of entity types as the distinctive property of nouns. This perspective on the lexical semantics of nouns is descriptively useful and allows a characterization of nominality as a primitive lexical property. This leads to the question whether concepts are the content of lexical roots. The evidence from nouns, then, is that roots do not encapsulate core lexical information, but are best seen as morphological atoms, as opposed to atomic mappings of sound and meaning.
On a low and a high diminutive
Authors: De Belder Marijke , Faust Noam , Lampitelli Nicola 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis chapter uses evidence from Italian and Modern Hebrew to argue for two different positions for diminutives. The first one is in the functional domain of the noun. The second one directly merges with the root. Therefore, it can occur below categorial heads. The two positions differ with respect to i) productivity, ii) compositionality of meaning, and iii) strategy of word-formation. These effects are defined in terms of syntactic structure.
Roots and phases
Authors: Gallego Ángel J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis chapter argues that the argument-taking properties of roots can be derived from Chomsky’s (2000, 2001) Probe–Goal system. If merged with n, roots become nouns (√DESTROY → destruction), which do not require an internal argument (e.g., destruction (of the city)); if merged with v, roots become verbs (√DESTROY → destroy, (√SING → sing), which do require an internal argument (incorporated or not, destroy *(the city) vs. sing) for valuation purposes. We claim that such a distinction follows from the featural endowment of light functional heads, v and n, which contain a bundle of agreement features. Crucially, given that only v’s bundle enters the syntactic component in an unvalued fashion, it acts as a Probe seeking a matching Goal in its search space (an internal argument). Ultimately, this proposal tries to derive an allegedly semantic property of lexical items (i.e., argument taking) from the specifics of well-known formal dependencies, thus reinforcing the thesis that semantic processes are (ancillary) consequences of syntactic dependencies.
When roots license and when they respect semantico‐syntactic structure in verbs
Authors: Roßdeutscher Antje 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis chapter investigates the contribution of roots to the syntactic and semantic properties of verbs. The principal question is: how can the semantics of verbs be constructed from their roots? The chapter constructs Discourse Representation Structures (DRS) from word-syntactic representation in the spirit of Distributed Morphology (DM). Roots can be considered to be events, stative properties, or entities: subtle differences show up when it comes to deciding how to implement the consequences of these three categories in a syntax-semantics interface.
Methods in Comparative Plant Population Ecology
Authors: Gibson David J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis book provides authoritative guidance on research methodology for plant population ecology. Practical advice is provided to assist with the designing of field and greenhouse experiments and the establishing of a research program in plant population ecology. Eight chapters cover facets and the philosophy behind experimental design (including the new Hierarchy of Hypotheses approach), experimental variables and treatments, measurement of plants and the environment, and statistics including basic parametric approaches, spatial pattern analysis, life table analysis, and modelling. Use of the R program for statistical analysis is emphasized and an Appendix provides a listing of appropriate packages. Four case studies are referred to throughout the book to illustrate the use of methodology. This edition includes new topics including generalized linear mixed models, life table response experiments, population viability analysis, and integral projection models. The molecular methods section has been brought up to date with the inclusion of descriptions and the relevance to plant population ecology of the newest approaches including SNPS, Gene expression profiling, epigenetics, and functional metagenomics.
Measuring individual and population parameters
Authors: Gibson David J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis chapter describes the measurements or traits that can be made on individual plants or populations. The value of different morphological, physiological and phenological traits for testing an hypothesis is discussed. Lists of easy-to-measure and hard-to-measure traits are contrasted. The topic of trait measurement is divided into eight sections in this chapter: the value of making repeated measurements, locating and marking population units, morphological measurements (e.g., counts of plant parts), measurements of seeds and dispersal units (including the soil seed bank), physiological measurements (e.g., photosynthesis), molecular measurements (e.g., protein and DNA markers, plus the newest approaches including SNPS, gene expression profiling, epigenetics, and functional metagenomics), indices for expressing plant growth (e.g, Relative Growth Rate), and the calculation of fitness, fecundity and reproductive effort.
Black, White, and Mormon: Amalgamation
Authors: Reeve W. Paul 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter considers the first twenty years of Mormon history with blackness and documents at least two black priesthood holders in the early days of Mormonism. It traces the evolving position of Mormon leaders regarding slavery, abolitionism, and amalgamation. It culminates in 1847 with two cases of interracial marriage within Mormonism that impacted the future trajectory of the faith and its relationship to its black members. Also covered is the backlash against amalgamation, especially in the state of Missouri, and white fears of Mormons inciting blacks to insurrection. Mormonism’s open gospel drew abolitionists, anti-abolitionists, enslaved blacks, slave masters, and freed blacks into its fold. It was a diverse group of people who Brigham Young would soon insist be shaped into a new racial order, white over black.
KMC 2: fast and resource-frugal k-mer counting
Authors: Deorowicz Sebastian , Kokot Marek , Grabowski Szymon , Debudaj-Grabysz Agnieszka 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Building the histogram of occurrences of every k-symbol long substring of nucleotide data is a standard step in many bioinformatics applications, known under the name of k-mer counting. Its applications include developing de Bruijn graph genome assemblers, fast multiple sequence alignment and repeat detection. The tremendous amounts of NGS data require fast algorithms for k-mer counting, preferably using moderate amounts of memory.
Results: We present a novel method for k-mer counting, on large datasets about twice faster than the strongest competitors (Jellyfish 2, KMC 1), using about 12 GB (or less) of RAM. Our disk-based method bears some resemblance to MSPKmerCounter, yet replacing the original minimizers with signatures (a carefully selected subset of all minimizers) and using (k, x)-mers allows to significantly reduce the I/O and a highly parallel overall architecture allows to achieve unprecedented processing speeds. For example, KMC 2 counts the 28-mers of a human reads collection with 44-fold coverage (106 GB of compressed size) in about 20 min, on a 6-core Intel i7 PC with an solid-state disk.
Availability and implementation: KMC 2 is freely available at http://sun.aei.polsl.pl/kmc.
Contact: sebastian.deorowicz@polsl.pl
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MEGAHIT: an ultra-fast single-node solution for large and complex metagenomics assembly via succinct de Bruijn graph
Authors: Li Dinghua , Liu Chi-Man , Luo Ruibang , Sadakane Kunihiko , Lam Tak-Wah 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Summary: MEGAHIT is a NGS de novo assembler for assembling large and complex metagenomics data in a time- and cost-efficient manner. It finished assembling a soil metagenomics dataset with 252 Gbps in 44.1 and 99.6 h on a single computing node with and without a graphics processing unit, respectively. MEGAHIT assembles the data as a whole, i.e. no pre-processing like partitioning and normalization was needed. When compared with previous methods on assembling the soil data, MEGAHIT generated a three-time larger assembly, with longer contig N50 and average contig length; furthermore, 55.8% of the reads were aligned to the assembly, giving a fourfold improvement.
Availability and implementation: The source code of MEGAHIT is freely available at https://github.com/voutcn/megahit under GPLv3 license.
Contact: rb@l3-bioinfo.com or twlam@cs.hku.hk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Use of a Feeding Bundle Appears to Reduce Central Line Utilization in Neonates
Authors: Tauber Kate A. , Graziano Pauline , Graffunder Eileen , Horgan Michael 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTWe investigated whether a standardized feeding bundle reduces central line utilization in very low birth weight neonates. A chart review of infants ≤1500 g requiring a central line was prepared for 2009 to 2012. Infants were stratified into 3 weight groups: ≤750 g, 751 to 1000 g, and 1001 to 1500 g. The number of central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) was recorded. Central line utilization decreased in all of the groups: 0.45 to 0.28 in ≤750 g infants, 0.4 to 0.27 in 751 to 1000 g infants, and 0.39 to 0.3 in 1001 to 1500 g infants (all of the P < 0.001). The CLABSIs rate was unchanged. Implementation of a feeding bundle decreased central line utilization. A feeding bundle had no effect on the rate of CLABSIs.
Impact of Intestinal Rehabilitation Program and Its Innovative Therapies on the Outcome of Intestinal Transplant Candidates
Authors: Avitzur Yaron , Wang Jenny Y. , de Silva Nicole T. , Burghardt Karolina M. , DeAngelis Maria , Grant David , Ng Vicky L. , Jones Nicola , Wales Paul W. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The outcome of children with intestinal failure has improved during the past decade following the introduction of novel therapies by dedicated intestinal rehabilitation programs (IRP). The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of IRP on the outcome of intestinal transplant (IT) candidates and the transplant waiting list.Methods:A retrospective cohort study of children assessed for IT (n = 84) during a 10‐year period. Comparisons were made among the following 3 time periods: before the establishment of our center's IRP (1999–2002; n = 33), early IRP (2003–2005; n = 18), and late IRP (2006–2009; n = 33). The following endpoints were used: patient outcome following IT assessment (not listed, listed and removed from the list, received transplant, died while on the list), patient characteristics at IT assessment, and patient status at the end of the study.Results:The late‐IRP era was associated with an increase in patients who were not listed (42% vs 28% at other periods, P = NS) and patients who were removed from the IT waiting list because of clinical improvement (P < 0.0005), and a decrease in those who died before transplant (15% vs >60% at other periods, P < 0.0005). The cause of death shifted from traditional causes such as liver failure or sepsis to other comorbid conditions (P < 0.005). Improved liver function at listing was also observed during late IRP (P < 0.005).Conclusions:Treatment by IRP, coupled with recent advances in the medical management of intestinal failure, is associated with improved survival and outcome of patients waiting for IT, and may lead to overall reduction in the number of IT in the future.
NCBI BLAST + integrated into Galaxy
Authors: Cock Peter J. A. , Chilton John M. , Grüning Björn , Johnson James E. , Soranzo Nicola 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe NCBI BLAST suite has become ubiquitous in modern molecular biology, used for small tasks like checking capillary sequencing results of single PCR products through to genome annotation or even larger scale pan-genome analyses. For early adopters of the Galaxy web-based biomedical data analysis platform, integrating BLAST was a natural step for sequence comparison workflows.FindingsThe command line NCBI BLAST+ tool suite was wrapped for use within Galaxy, defining appropriate datatypes as needed, with the goal of making common BLAST tasks easy, and advanced tasks possible.ConclusionsThis effort has been come an informal international collaborative effort, and is deployed and used on Galaxy servers worldwide. Several example use-cases are described herein.
The relationship between Renminbi’s exchange rate and East Asia currencies before and after the “financial crisis”
Authors: Xu Xiangyun , Wu Songyang , Wu Ye 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the “following” behavior of six currencies in East Asia to RMB before and after the “financial crisis”.Design/methodology/approach– Using foreign exchange spot rate data from 2005 to 2013, the authors investigate the dynamic relationship of RMB and six East Asia currencies with method of DCC-GARCH and quantile regression.Findings– The authors get such conclusions: first, most currencies indeed “follow” RMB in whole sample period but the correlation is “time-varying”; second, the degree of co-movement increased as a whole, which reflects that the influence of China in East Asia rose continuously; third, the East Asian currencies behaved differently before the crisis, but reveal some similarities after the crisis, and prefer to “follow” when RMB depreciates and reluctant to follow when RMB appreciates at a comparatively large degree. The authors argue that it may be related to the different macroeconomic environment faced by East Asia region before and after the crisis, the rising economic influence of China and the development of RMB internationalization’s practice.Originality/value– The effort could strength the understanding to the “following” behavior of East Asia currencies to RMB, the authors also point out that RMB has been as regional currency anchor, but the role of anchor is unstable, and is affected by international economic circumstance, China should adapt some methods to strength RMB’s influence to East Asia currency.
The roles of accounting data in equity valuation: evidence from China
Authors: Wang Tiandong , Zhang Tianxi 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the roles of earnings and book value (BV) in equity valuation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors apply model’s explanatory power to analyze the roles of accounting data and test the hypotheses empirically with a sample of Chinese listed companies between 2004 and 2010.

Findings
– The authors find that impact of accounting data on equity value is also dependent on profitability, but the behavior is non-monotonic. In the intermediate-profitability range, explanatory power of both earnings capitalization model and balance sheet model reach the peak, there are no significant differences between them. In the low-profitability range (small or negative profitability), explanatory power of balance sheet model is larger than earnings capitalization model. In the high-profitability range, explanatory power of balance sheet model is less than earnings capitalization model.

Research limitations/implications
– The results support that the role of BV is more stable in equity valuation. Moreover, this outcome provides reference for improving existing valuation model and setting accounting standard, and provides some empirical evidence for the practical application of BV in equity valuation.

Originality/value
– Existing studies treat earnings as main variable of equity valuation, and BV is only added as a supplement. This paper compares roles of accounting earnings and BV in equity valuation, especially investigates the influence of BV in equity valuation, and fills up the deficiency in the related literature.
Evaluating a rugby sport intervention programme for young offenders
Authors: Williams Dave , Collingwood Leann , Coles James , Schmeer Stefanie 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– Interventions intended to aid offender re-entry, rehabilitation and desistence based around specific sports and championed by sporting institutions have been introduced in custodial settings. Though research evaluating these is positive (Meek, 2012), conclusions are often hampered by the absence of control groups in such work. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Saracens “Get Onside” rugby-based intervention at HMP YOI Feltham, while employing a non-randomised control group.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 24 young offenders took part. Those in the treatment condition experienced a ten-week course which included a range of activities leading to accredited awards, exercises in functional skills in literacy/numeracy and 72 hours of rugby sessions. Those in the control condition were matched on key static factors, crime attitudes and aggression. Self-reported measures of pro-crime attitudes, aggression, self-esteem, and impulsivity were taken once before the start, once during, and at the end of the course for both groups.Findings– As predicted, self-reported scores measuring attitudes towards aggression and crime did differ significantly across groups, with those experiencing the intervention showing more positive values by the end of treatment compared with others. However, measures of impulsiveness and self-esteem showed no change.Research limitations/implications– Revisions are suggested in respect of both the self-esteem and impulsivity measures, and future work needs better control over the match between treatment and comparison groups.Originality/value– Concerns over the potentially iatrogenic effects of contact sport interventions with offender groups may be misplaced, and the benefits of sporting interventions are replicated in a between groups design.
A predictive model of criminality in civil psychiatric populations
Authors: Evans Laura , Ioannou Maria , Hammond Laura 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop a predictive model of criminal risk in civil psychiatric populations, by determining the relative impacts of psychopathy, drug use, impulsivity and intelligence on levels of criminality.Design/methodology/approach– The sample consisted of 871 civil psychiatric patients, selected from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study, who had been diagnosed with a mental illness or personality disorder, and hospitalised less than 21 days. Each participant was administered the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Screening Version (PCL:SV), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R). In addition, information on background demographics, drug use and criminality was obtained via a self-report questionnaire.Findings– Pearson correlations identified significant positive relationships between past arrests, psychopathy, impulsivity and drug use. Intelligence was negatively related to past arrests. Multiple regressions identified a significant main effect for Factor 2 psychopathy on past arrests when controlling for all covariates, but not for Factor 1 psychopathy, intelligence or impulsivity. Drug use and gender had small univariate effects.Research limitations/implications– It is suggested that future research investigates the influence of specific mental disorders on different types of offending.Originality/value– By investigating predictors of criminal behaviour in civil psychiatric patients, the present study makes valuable contributions to the research literature, enhancing our theoretical understanding of the relationships between psychopathy and criminality/recidivism. It also has notable implications in applied practice, for example in the development and refinement of risk assessment methods.