bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramedullary spinal cord tumor resection
Authors: Groves Mari L. , Zadnik Patricia L. , Recinos Pablo F. , Renard Violette , Jallo George I. 
Published: May 2015

The authors present a case of a 27-year-old patient who presented with spastic gait and worsening difficulty walking over a 6 month period. Spinal MR imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhancing intramedullary spinal cord tumor (IMSCT) with associated syrinx in the cervical spine. The lesion was resected through posterior en bloc laminotomy, durotomy, and microscopic resection of the intramedullary component followed by laminoplasty reconstruction. Surgical resections with a goal of gross total resection can significantly improve overall survival and progression free survival in patients with low-grade IMSCT. The procedure is presented in an edited, high-definition format with accompanying narrative.
The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/Ui9bn82PtP8.
Cervical ependymoma resection
Authors: Rodgers Shaun D. , Harter David H. 
Published: May 2015

Intradural intramedullary cervical spinal cord tumors pose a significant challenge for the neurosurgeon to resect with minimal morbidity. We present the case of a 12-year-old male with a cervical ependymoma and demonstrate our resection technique.
The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/5DHlnxdggU0.
Expanded endoscopic endonasal transcribriform approach for resection of anterior skull base olfactory schwannoma
Authors: Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: May 2015

Anterior skull base (ASB) schwannomas are extremely rare and can often mimic other pathologies involving the ASB such as olfactory groove meningiomas, hemangiopericytomas, esthesioneuroblastomas, and other malignant ASB tumors. The mainstay of treatment for these lesions is gross-total resection. Traditionally, resection for tumors in this location is performed through a bifrontal transbasal approach that can involve some degree of brain retraction or manipulation for tumor exposure. With the recent advances in endoscopic skull base surgery, various ASB tumors can be resected successfully using an expanded endoscopic endonasal transcribriform approach through a “keyhole craniectomy” in the ventral skull base. This approach represents the most direct route to the anterior cranial base without any brain retraction. Tumor involving the paranasal sinuses, medial orbits, and cribriform plate can be readily resected. In this video atlas report, the authors demonstrate their step-by-step techniques for resection of an ASB olfactory schwannoma using a purely endoscopic endonasal transcribriform approach. They describe and illustrate the operative nuances and surgical pearls to safely and efficiently perform the approach, tumor resection, and multilayered reconstruction of the cranial base defect.
The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/NLtOGfKWC6U.
Chaotic dynamics of a glaciohydraulic model
Authors: Kingslake J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA model subglacial drainage system, coupled to an ice-dammed reservoir that receives a time-varying meltwater input, is described and analysed. In numerical experiments an ice-marginal lake drains through a subglacial channel, producing periodic floods, and fills with meltwater at a rate dependent on air temperature, which varies seasonally with a peak value of Tm. The analysis reveals regions of Tm parameter space corresponding to ‘mode locking’, where flood repeat time is independent of Tm; resonance, where decreasing Tm counter-intuitively increases flood size; and chaotic dynamics, where flood cycles are sensitive to initial conditions, never repeat and exhibit phase-space mixing. Bifurcations associated with abrupt changes in flood size and timing within the year separate these regions. This is the first time these complex dynamics have been displayed by a glaciohydraulic model and these findings have implications for our understanding of ice-marginal lakes, moulins and subglacial lakes.
Safety, Virology and Pharmacokinetics of Oseltamivir in Infants with Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza: A Phase I/II, Prospective, Open-Label, Multicentre Clinical Trial
Authors: Rath Barbara A , Brzostek Jerzy , Guillén Sara , Niranjan Vis , Chappey Colombe , Rayner Craig R , Clinch Barry 
Published: May 2015

Background The influenza antiviral oseltamivir is not licensed for infants aged <1 year in most countries outside the United States. More information is needed on oseltamivir safety at different dosing levels in this vulnerable age group. Methods In this prospective, observational, non-randomized study, infants aged <1 year with laboratory-confirmed influenza were treated with oral oseltamivir for 5 days. Cohorts 1, 2 and 3 (aged 91–364, 31–90 and 0–30 days, respectively), received twice-daily dosages of 3, 2.5 and 2 mg/kg, respectively. Assessments included pharmacokinetics, on-treatment adverse events, resistance testing and viral shedding. Results A total of 65 patients were enrolled: 40, 20 and 5 in cohorts 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Systemic exposure to oseltamivir carboxylate (active metabolite) reached therapeutic levels in all patients, with an adequate safety margin. On-treatment adverse events ( n=48) were reported by 32 patients (49%). At least one adverse event was reported by 43%, 65% and 40% of infants in cohorts 1, 2 and 3, respectively; most frequently vomiting and diarrhoea. Eight serious adverse events were reported, all of which were considered unrelated to treatment by the investigator. No deaths occurred and no patient had treatment withdrawn. Oseltamivir resistance mutations were detected in eight patients. Conclusions Oseltamivir dosages of 2–3 mg/kg were well tolerated in infants aged <1 year and achieved therapeutic exposure levels. The current study supports the adoption of a universal dosing recommendation for infants. Clinicaltrials.gov unique identifier NCT00988325.
Does Prior RN Clinical Experience Predict Academic Success in Graduate Nurse Practitioner Programs?
Authors: El-Banna Majeda M. , Briggs Linda A. , Leslie Mayri Sagady , Athey Erin K. , Pericak Arlene , Falk Nancy L. , Greene Jessica 
Published: May 2015

Background:
There is limited evidence on whether prior RN clinical experience is predictive of academic success in graduate nurse practitioner (NP) programs. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the frequently held assumption that more prior clinical experience is associated with better academic success in The George Washington University online NP programs.

Method:

Applications (
n
= 106) for clinical NP students entering from 2008–2010 were examined along with data on academic performance.

Results:
No relationship was found between years of prior RN clinical experience and three educational outcome variables (cumulative grade point average [GPA], clinical course GPA, and having failed any courses or been put on probation). However, students with the most prior RN clinical experience were less likely to graduate in 4 years, compared with those with the least experience.

Conclusion:

These findings serve as a building block of empirical evidence for admissions committees as they consider entry requirements for NP programs. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(5):276–280.]
Introduction of Unresponsive Patient Simulation Scenarios Into an Undergraduate Nursing Health Assessment Course
Authors: Luctkar-Flude Marian , Tyerman Jane , Wilson-Keates Barbara , Pulling Cheryl , Larocque Monica , Yorke Jessica 
Published: May 2015

Background:
Despite certification in basic life support, nursing students may not be proficient in performing critical assessments and interventions for unresponsive patients. Thus, a new simulation module comprising four unresponsive patient scenarios was introduced into a second-year nursing health assessment course.

Method:
This cross-sectional study describes nursing student experience, knowledge, confidence, and performance of assessments and interventions for the unresponsive patient across 3 years of an undergraduate nursing program.

Results:

Overall knowledge, confidence, and performance scores were similar between second-, third-, and fourth-year students (
N
= 239); however, performance times for many critical assessments and interventions were poor. Second-year nursing students’ knowledge increased significantly following the new simulation module (
p
= 0.002).

Conclusion:

Findings suggest a need for more repetition of basic unresponsive patient scenarios to provide mastery. It is anticipated that addition of unresponsive patient scenarios into the second year will enhance performance by the final year of the program. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2015;54(5):281–285.]
Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) in Heritage Korean: Language Maintenance and Transfer
Authors: Kim Sok-Ju 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
This paper examines how heritage Korean speakers acquire/maintain syntactic properties of licensing of negative polarity items (npis) in heritage Korean (cf. binding in Kim, Montrul, & Yoon, 2009). Korean and English allow local licensing of object npis, whereas, unlike English, Korean does not allow long-distance licensing of embedded object npis. In a grammaticality judgment task, the properties of the Korean npi, amwuto “anyone” were investigated. Adult heritage Korean speakers in two different groups, based on their ages of acquisition of English, were at intermediate or advanced proficiency. Results showed that both heritage Korean groups fully acquired shared properties of local licensing of object npis. The accuracy rate of heritage Korean speakers was overall as high as that of native speakers (nk). However, regardless of a mostly advanced level of proficiency, both heritage Korean groups incompletely acquired parametrically different properties of long-distance licensing of the embedded object npis, which exhibited potential transfer effects from the dominant language. Comparing the two different heritage Korean groups, age effects were not found in the acquisition of npi licensing in Korean, not predicted from the results of the Korean proficiency test.
The oceanic crustal structure at the extinct, slow to ultraslow Labrador Sea spreading center
Authors: Delescluse Matthias , Funck Thomas , Dehler Sonya A. , Louden Keith E. , Watremez Louise 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo seismic refraction lines were acquired along and across the extinct Labrador Sea spreading center during the Seismic Investigations off Greenland, Newfoundland and Labrador 2009 cruise. We derived two P wave velocity models using both forward modeling (RAYINVR) and traveltime tomography inversion (Tomo2D) with good ray coverage down to the mantle. Slow‐spreading Paleocene oceanic crust has a thickness of 5 km, while the Eocene crust created by ultraslow spreading is as thin as 3.5 km. The upper crustal velocity is affected by fracturation due to a dominant tectonic extension during the waning stage of spreading, with a velocity drop of 0.5 to 1 km/s when compared to Paleocene upper crustal velocities (5.2–6.0 km/s). The overall crustal structure is similar to active ultraslow‐spreading centers like the Mohns Ridge or the South West Indian Ridge with lower crustal velocities of 6.0–7.0 km/s. An oceanic core complex is imaged on a 50 km long segment of the ridge perpendicular line with serpentinized peridotites (7.3–7.9 km/s) found 1.5 km below the basement. The second, ridge‐parallel line also shows extremely thin crust in the extinct axial valley, where 8 km/s mantle velocity is imaged just 1.5 km below the basement. This thin crust is interpreted as crust formed by ultraslow spreading, which was thinned by tectonic extension.
Swarm and ESR observations of the ionospheric response to a field‐aligned current system in the high‐latitude midnight sector
Authors: Pitout F. , Marchaudon A. , Blelly P.‐L. , Bai X. , Forme F. , Buchert S. C. , Lorentzen D. A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present a conjunction between the Swarm fleet and the European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard Radar (ESR) on 9 January 2014. The Swarm orbit in the early phase of the mission gives us the unique opportunity of sequencing the temporal evolution of the observed field‐aligned current system in the nightside, near magnetic local midnight. These field‐aligned currents are seen to move poleward through the radar field of view and to affect the observed ionosphere. The upward field‐aligned current (FAC) is responsible, at least in part, for the heating of the ionospheric electrons. It is less clear whether the downward FAC cools the ionosphere. We use the TRANSCAR model of the ionosphere to quantify the thermoelectric effect that comes into play. Finally, we compare the plasma parameters measured by the Langmuir probe on board Swarm and the ESR and conclude on an agreement within the errors.
Measuring phased‐array antenna beampatterns with high dynamic range for the Murchison Widefield Array using 137 MHz ORBCOMM satellites
Authors: Neben A. R. , Bradley R. F. , Hewitt J. N. , Bernardi G. , Bowman J. D. , Briggs F. , Cappallo R. J. , Deshpande A. A. , Goeke R. , Greenhill L. J. , Hazelton B. J. , Johnston‐Hollitt M. , Kaplan D. L. , Lonsdale C. J. , McWhirter S. R. , Mitchell D. A. , Morales M. F. , Morgan E. , Oberoi D. , Ord S. M. , Prabu T. , Shankar N. Udaya , Srivani K. S. , Subrahmanyan R. , Tingay S. J. , Wayth R. B. , Webster R. L. , Williams A. , Williams C. L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDetection of the fluctuations in a 21 cm line emission from neutral hydrogen during the Epoch of Reionization in thousand hour integrations poses stringent requirements on calibration and image quality, both of which necessitate accurate primary beam models. The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) uses phased‐array antenna elements which maximize collecting area at the cost of complexity. To quantify their performance, we have developed a novel beam measurement system using the 137 MHz ORBCOMM satellite constellation and a reference dipole antenna. Using power ratio measurements, we measure the in situ beampattern of the MWA antenna tile relative to that of the reference antenna, canceling the variation of satellite flux or polarization with time. We employ angular averaging to mitigate multipath effects (ground scattering) and assess environmental systematics with a null experiment in which the MWA tile is replaced with a second‐reference dipole. We achieve beam measurements over 30 dB dynamic range in beam sensitivity over a large field of view (65% of the visible sky), far wider and deeper than drift scans through astronomical sources allow. We verify an analytic model of the MWA tile at this frequency within a few percent statistical scatter within the full width at half maximum. Toward the edges of the main lobe and in the sidelobes, we measure tens of percent systematic deviations. We compare these errors with those expected from known beamforming errors.
Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sparks Jeffrey A. , Halperin Florencia , Karlson Jonathan C. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Bermas Bonnie L. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of RA patients who underwent bariatric surgery (Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, or sleeve gastrectomy) at 2 medical centers. We obtained information on anthropometrics, laboratory values, RA disease activity, and medication use at baseline (prior to surgery), at 6 and 12 months following surgery, and at the most recent followup visits. RA disease activity was determined by clinical or validated measures. At each postsurgical visit, characteristics were compared to baseline.ResultsWe identified 53 RA patients who underwent bariatric surgery. At baseline prior to surgery, mean ± SD body mass index was 47.8 ± 7.7 kg/m2, mean ± SD weight was 128.2 ± 24.1 kg, and 57% had moderate to high RA disease activity. Twelve months following surgery, subjects lost a mean ± SD weight of 41.0 ± 17.3 kg, mean ± SD 70% ± 24% excess weight (P < 0.001). RA disease activity significantly improved at postsurgical visits (P < 0.001). At 12 months following surgery, 6% had moderate to high disease activity, compared to 57% at baseline (P < 0.001). At the most recent followup (mean ± SD 5.8 ± 3.2 years after surgery), 74% were in remission, compared to 26% at baseline (P < 0.001). Subjects had significantly lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein level, and RA‐related medication use at followup visits compared to baseline (P < 0.05).ConclusionAfter substantial weight loss from bariatric surgery, RA patients had lower disease activity, decreased serum inflammatory markers, and less RA‐related medication use. Weight loss may be an important nonpharmacologic strategy to reduce RA disease activity. However, other factors, such as improved efficacy of medications, improved physical activity, and metabolic changes, may also have contributed to these postsurgical improvements.
Validation of the Chinese Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index in Patients From Mainland China With Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Symonds Tara , Hughes Bernadette , Liao Shanmei , Ang Qiuqing , Bellamy Nicholas 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo establish the reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) among Chinese subjects with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, living in mainland China.MethodsA multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study was conducted for validation of the electronic personal digital assistant version of the WOMAC Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) 3.1 Index in China. A total of 287 subjects with OA of the knee were randomized to receive either meloxicam (15 mg) or placebo. Psychometric properties of the WOMAC were evaluated by estimating the reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Equivalence of the electronic version was also compared with the paper version.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients for the WOMAC pain, stiffness, and physical function subscales were 0.81, 0.76, and 0.85, respectively, indicating good test–retest reliability. Similarly, internal consistency was strong (Cronbach's alpha for the 3 WOMAC subscales was 0.84, 0.86, and 0.96, respectively). Pearson's correlation coefficients for WOMAC pain and Short Form 36 health survey (SF‐36) bodily pain, as well as WOMAC physical function and SF‐36 physical functioning domains were >0.4, indicating convergent validity, whereas the coefficients for all 3 WOMAC domains with SF‐36 mental health and mental health component scores were <0.4, indicating divergent validity. There was strong discriminant validity between healthy volunteers and OA patients. The effect sizes of change from baseline to week 12 in WOMAC subscale scores were large, demonstrating sensitivity to change. Equivalence between paper and electronic versions was very high.ConclusionThe culturally and linguistically validated Chinese version of the WOMAC NRS 3.1 for mainland China is psychometrically robust in its validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change for patients with OA of the knee.
Somatic Mutations in the MTOR gene cause focal cortical dysplasia type IIb
Authors: Nakashima Mitsuko , Saitsu Hirotomo , Takei Nobuyuki , Tohyama Jun , Kato Mitsuhiro , Kitaura Hiroki , Shiina Masaaki , Shirozu Hiroshi , Masuda Hiroshi , Watanabe Keisuke , Ohba Chihiro , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Miyake Noriko , Zheng Yingjun , Sato Tatsuhiro , Takebayashi Hirohide , Ogata Kazuhiro , Kameyama Shigeki , Kakita Akiyoshi , Matsumoto Naomichi 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveFocal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type IIb is a cortical malformation characterized by cortical architectural abnormalities, dysmorphic neurons, and balloon cells. It has been suggested that FCDs are caused by somatic mutations in cells in the developing brain. Here, we explore the possible involvement of somatic mutations in FCD type IIb.MethodsWe collected a total of 24 blood‐brain paired samples with FCD, including 13 individuals with FCD type IIb, 5 with type IIa, and 6 with type I. We performed whole‐exome sequencing using paired samples from 9 of the FCD type IIb subjects. Somatic MTOR mutations were identified and further investigated using all 24 paired samples by deep sequencing of the entire gene's coding region. Somatic MTOR mutations were confirmed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. The effect of MTOR mutations on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase signaling was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analyses of brain samples and by in vitro transfection experiments.ResultsWe identified four lesion‐specific somatic MTOR mutations in 6 of 13 (46%) individuals with FCD type IIb showing mutant allele rates of 1.11% to 9.31%. Functional analyses showed that phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in FCD type IIb brain tissues with MTOR mutations was clearly elevated, compared to control samples. Transfection of any of the four MTOR mutants into HEK293T cells led to elevated phosphorylation of 4EBP, the direct target of mTOR kinase.InterpretationWe found low‐prevalence somatic mutations in MTOR in FCD type IIb, indicating that activating somatic mutations in MTOR cause FCD type IIb. Ann Neurol 2015;78:375–386
Multifunctional Nano‐Bioprobes Based on Rattle‐Structured Upconverting Luminescent Nanoparticles
Authors: Lu Shan , Tu Datao , Hu Ping , Xu Jin , Li Renfu , Wang Meng , Chen Zhuo , Huang Mingdong , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have shown great promise in versatile bioapplications. For the first time, organosilica‐shelled β‐NaLuF4:Gd/Yb/Er nanoprobes with a rattle structure have been designed for dual‐modal imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Benefiting from the unique rattle structure and aromatic framework, these nanoprobes are endowed with a high loading capacity and the disaggregation effect of photosensitizers. After loading of β‐carboxyphthalocyanine zinc or rose Bengal into the nanoprobes, we achieved higher energy transfer efficiency from UCNPs to photosensitizers as compared to those with conventional core–shell structure or with pure‐silica shell, which facilitates a large production of singlet oxygen and thus an enhanced PDT efficacy. We demonstrated the use of these nanoprobes in proof‐of‐concept X‐ray computed tomography (CT) and UC imaging, thus revealing the great potential of this multifunctional material as an excellent nanoplatform for cancer theranostics.
The Magic Au60 Nanocluster: A New Cluster‐Assembled Material with Five Au13 Building Blocks
Authors: Song Yongbo , Fu Fangyu , Zhang Jun , Chai Jinsong , Kang Xi , Li Peng , Li Shengli , Zhou Hongping , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis and atomic structure of the cluster‐assembled [Au60Se2(Ph3P)10(SeR)15]+ material. Five icosahedral Au13 building blocks from a closed gold ring with Au–Se–Au linkages. Interestingly, two Se atoms (without the phenyl tail) locate in the center of the cluster, stabilized by the Se‐(Au)5 interactions. The ring‐like nanocluster is unprecedented in previous experimental and theoretical studies of gold nanocluster structures. In addition, our optical and electrochemical studies show that the electronic properties of the icosahedral Au13 units still remain unchanged in the penta‐twinned Au60 nanocluster, and this new material might be a promising in optical limiting material. This work offers a basis for deep understanding on controlling the cluster‐assembled materials for tailoring their functionalities.