bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal versus external CEO hires: key differences
Authors: Jaggia Sanjiv , Thosar Satish 
Published: August 2024

PurposeHistorically, most CEOs were promoted from within the organization. The internal candidates offer continuity, are well known to the Board, and have deep institutional knowledge. However, if the Board is seeking changes to the firm’s strategy, operations, or culture, they turn to outside candidates with proven track records. Shareholders react positively to the announcement of an external successor but the longer-term evidence on the performance front is mixed. Most empirical studies have tended to focus on a narrow aspect of the hiring choice, whereas we undertake a more holistic examination involving various elements.Design/methodology/approachWe consider the salience of the CEO hiring choice from several perspectives: educational background, gender, compensation, and firm performance. We use a propensity score matching approach to ensure comparability between internally promoted and externally hired CEOs. The observed covariates for the matching algorithm include firm size, CEO tenure, and industry sector.FindingsWe find that external CEOs are significantly more likely to have received their undergraduate degree from an elite institution, majored in a STEM discipline, and earned an MBA credential. They earn higher total compensation (with a higher proportion of equity-linked performance pay) but do not outperform in terms of the ROA or Tobin’s Q metrics. Gender does not appear to play a distinguishing role in the internal versus external hiring choice. We also do not detect significant differences in firm performance outcomes associated with educational pedigree, a STEM education, or an MBA credential, whether the CEO is internally promoted or hired externally.Originality/valueOur paper contributes by providing novel evidence on the impact of educational background on external CEO hiring decisions. Our findings carry implications for testing hypotheses stemming from signaling theory and exploring the significant role of social networks associated with elite educational institutions. Also, the finding that externally appointed CEOs do not outperform their internally promoted counterparts may be noteworthy for corporate boards' hiring committees, especially when reviewing candidates who are edge cases.
Precision forecasting in perilous times: stock market predictions leveraging google trends and momentum indicators during COVID-19
Authors: Maddodi Srivatsa , Kunte Srinivasa Rao 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis study explores the complex impact of COVID-19 on India's financial sector, moving beyond simplistic public health vs. economy views. We assess market vulnerabilities and analyze how public sentiment, measured through Google Trends, can predict stock market fluctuations. We propose a novel framework using Google Trends for financial sentiment analysis, aiming to improve understanding and preparedness for future crises.Design/methodology/approachHybrid approach leverages Google Trends as sentiment tool, market data, and momentum indicators like Rate of Change, Average Directional Index and Stochastic Oscillator, to deliver accurate, market insights for informed investment decisions during pandemic.FindingsOur study reveals that the pandemic significantly impacted the Indian financial sector, highlighting its vulnerabilities. Capitalizing on this insight, we built a ground-breaking predictive model with an impressive 98.95% maximum accuracy in forecasting stock market values during such events.Originality/valueTo the best of authors knowledge this model's originality lies in its focus on short-term impact, novel data fusion and methodology, and high accuracy.• Focus on short-term impact: Our model uniquely identifies and quantifies the fleeting effects of COVID-19 on market behavior.• Novel data fusion and framework: A novel framework of sentiment analysis was introduced in the form of Trend Popularity Index. Combining trend popularity index with momentum offers a comprehensive and dynamic approach to predicting market movements during volatile periods.• High predictive accuracy: Achieving the prediction accuracy (98.93%) sets this model apart from existing solutions, making it a valuable tool for informed decision-making.
Mental health and locus of control among Naga youth giving various competitive examinations
Authors: Suokhrie Razouneinuo , Longkumer Imlisongla 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Competitive examinations, especially in a country like India, are important in deciding careers and access to prestigious institutions. Each year thousands of youth appear for different national and state level examinations, the competition for which becomes progressively tougher. Hence, it is important to study the mental health of youth appearing for competitive examinations. Nagaland, with an unemployment rate of 19.3%, is among the states with the highest unemployment rate in India. Therefore, this paper aims to study Naga youth with special focus on three aspects, namely, the status of mental health, to examine locus of control and to examine the correlation between mental health and locus of control.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted in Kohima town and Dimapur town respectively with a sample comprising of 196 youth. The participants were in the age range of 15–35 years. The tools used included the Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale, Mental Health Continuum (Short-form) and a demographic questionnaire.

Findings
A considerable proportion of the participants (36%) were found in flourishing category whereas majority of the participants were either moderately healthy (46%) or languishing (17%). Age and employment status were found to have a significant relationship with mental health whereas gender was found to have a significant relationship with locus of control. Pearson chi-square showed a significant association between mental health and locus of control.

Originality/value
The present study used the mental health continuum model and locus of control to give a comprehensive view of mental health and the perceived control among Naga youth appearing competitive examinations.
Microstructural, microhardness and electrical conductivity analysis of AD31T alloy processed by friction stir processing
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Pardeep , Kumar Navin , Agarwal Saumy 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis research aims to examine the impact of friction stir processing (FSP) treatment on an aluminum alloy, especially the AD31T alloy derived from the Al-Fe-Mg-Si system. The aim is to assess the influence of different processing techniques on the microstructure and physical and mechanical characteristics of the material, with a specific focus on structural and bulk imperfections inside the stir zone (SZ).Design/methodology/approachThe study demonstrates that augmenting the linear velocity of the tool within the 25–100 mm/min range results in significant enhancements. The enhancements include a decrease in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), a reduction in the extent of volume defects inside the SZ and a more uniform deformation. The microstructural analysis results are corroborated by data acquired from microhardness and electrical conductivity studies, confirming the beneficial influence of modifying the tool’s linear velocity on the material parameters.FindingsThis study provides significant observations on the changes in microstructure and the generation of flaws throughout the process of FSP of AD31T alloy. These results have practical implications for improving the characteristics of the alloy and optimizing the production conditions.Originality/valueAll samples exhibit a distinct reduction in electrical conductivity within the initial third of the sample, aligning with the transitional region between the base metal (BM) and the HAZ. This underscores the importance of understanding the transitional zones during FSP.
Household food expenditures and socioeconomic status in relation to dietary nutrient intake in Iranian families
Authors: Saber Amir , Jabbari Maedeh , Sadeghi Fatemeh , Gholami Mohammad Saeed , Bagheri Amir , Rezaei Satar , Nachvak Seyed Mostafa 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Examining the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) and expenses spent on food preparation on nutritional intake has always been one of the critical concerns for policymakers. This study aims to investigate the association between household food expenditure as well as SES and dietary nutrient intake in Kermanshah, Iran.

Design/methodology/approach
In this cross-sectional study, households were randomly selected from different strict in Kermanshah, Iran. Data were collected with an SES questionnaire, a demographic data collection form, a weekly food purchase checklist and a food record. The authors performed the analysis of covariance to determine the relationship of dietary nutrient intake of study participants across quintile categories of SES and total food expenses per day.

Findings
Out of 125 households, 119 households including 401 people finished the study. A significant association was observed between higher SES and higher intake of vitamin B2 (p-value = 0.03). Moreover, the household members at the top level of total food expenses per day had significantly greater dietary nutrient intake of energy (p < 0.001), potassium (p < 0.001), magnesium (p < 0.001), calcium (p < 0.001), zinc (p < 0.001), vitamin B2 (p < 0.001), B6 (p < 0.001), B12 (p = 0.002) and vitamin C (p = 0.04).

Originality/value
In our study, higher dietary nutrient intake was observed in the household members at the highest level of total food expenses daily as well as SES. Therefore, governments and policymakers should pay basic attention to optimizing food costs and improving the economic status of people.
A novel planner framework compatible with various end-effector constraints
Authors: Wang Yahao , Li Yanghong , Li Zhen , He HaiYang , Chen Sheng , Dong Erbao 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Aiming at the problem of insufficient adaptability of robot motion planners under the diversity of end-effector constraints, this paper proposes Transformation Cross-sampling Framework (TC-Framework) that enables the planner to adapt to different end-effector constraints.

Design/methodology/approach
This work presents a standard constraint methodology for representing end-effector constraints as a collection of constraint primitives. The constraint primitives are merged sequentially into the planner, and a unified constraint input interface and constraint module are added to the standard sampling-based planner framework. This approach enables the realization of a generic planner framework that avoids the need to build separate planners for different end-effector constraints.

Findings
Simulation tests have demonstrated that the planner based on TC-framework can adapt to various end-effector constraints. Physical experiments have also confirmed that the framework can be used in real robotic systems to perform autonomous operational tasks. The framework’s strong compatibility with constraints allows for generalization to other tasks without modifying the scheduler, significantly reducing the difficulty of robot deployment in task-diverse scenarios.

Originality/value
This paper proposes a unified constraint method based on constraint primitives to enhance the sampling-based planner. The planner can now adapt to different end effector constraints by opening up the input interface for constraints. A series of simulation tests were conducted to evaluate the TC-Framework-based planner, which demonstrated its ability to adapt to various end-effector constraints. Tests on a physical experimental system show that the framework allows the robot to perform various operational tasks without requiring modifications to the planner. This enhances the value of robots for applications in fields with diverse tasks.
Additive manufacturing: a bespoke solution for drug delivery
Authors: Farin Moontaha , Maisha Jarin Tasnim , Gibson Ian , Arafat M. Tarik 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, has been used in the health-care industry for over two decades. It is in high demand in the health-care industry due to its strength to manufacture custom-designed and personalized 3D constructs. Recently, AM technologies are being explored to develop personalized drug delivery systems, such as personalized oral dosages, implants and others due to their potential to design and develop systems with complex geometry and programmed controlled release profile. Furthermore, in 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first AM medication, Spritam® (Apprecia Pharmaceuticals) which has led to tremendous interest in exploring this technology as a bespoke solution for patient-specific drug delivery systems. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of AM technologies applied to the development of personalized drug delivery systems, including an analysis of the commercial status of AM based drugs and delivery devices.

Design/methodology/approach
This review paper provides a detailed understanding of how AM technologies are used to develop personalized drug delivery systems. Different AM technologies and how these technologies can be chosen for a specific drug delivery system are discussed. Different types of materials used to manufacture personalized drug delivery systems are also discussed here. Furthermore, recent preclinical and clinical trials are discussed. The challenges and future perceptions of personalized medicine and the clinical use of these systems are also discussed.

Findings
Substantial works are ongoing to develop personalized medicine using AM technologies. Understanding the regulatory requirements is needed to establish this area as a point-of-care solution for patients. Furthermore, scientists, engineers and regulatory agencies need to work closely to successfully translate the research efforts to clinics.

Originality/value
This review paper highlights the recent efforts of AM-based technologies in the field of personalized drug delivery systems with an insight into the possible future direction.
Developing writing productivity in a graduate support community
Authors: Yaylali Ali , Albrecht Sarah , Smith Kelly Jay , Shea Kate 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to examine how doctoral students in education and applied linguistics fields successfully navigated graduate writing demands by participating in a support community that catalyzed writing productivity, peer mentoring and feedback. Guiding graduate students’ writing processes based on scholarly interests and providing peer support are vital to scholarly productivity and transition into academia.

Design/methodology/approach
Following a collaborative analytic autoethnographic case study design (Adams et al., 2022; Chang et al., 2013), the authors narrated major events that impacted their writing and publication experiences. The authors visualized their entire doctoral writing experience based on the frequency of writing events that contributed to writing productivity. In data triangulation discussions, the authors reflected on writing experiences.

Findings
Findings show that the support community alleviated individual struggles associated with writing a dissertation and high-quality papers. Key factors contributing to scholarly growth included nonevaluative peer support, feedback and shared academic resources. Writing within the periphery of faculty research and predominantly focusing on doctoral milestones led to individual scholarly interests being overshadowed. Without structured guidance, doctoral writers may develop initiatives to alleviate individual struggles and meet academic writing demands in the disciplines.

Research limitations/implications
The authors recommend including structured guidance on developing writing productivity and a personal research agenda in the early stages of the doctorate.

Originality/value
This study offers unique examples of how a student group supported writing productivity and socialization into the academic community. It illustrates the multifaceted nature of academic writing influenced by faculty–student relationships, peers and individual initiatives. This paper provides doctoral writers and graduate programs with examples of accomplishing academic publishing goals.
Analyzing public sentiment toward economic stimulus using natural language processing
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous , Abdullah Mohammad , Albashrawi Mousa 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate public sentiment toward economic stimulus using textual analysis. Specifically, it analyzes Twitter’s public opinion, emotion-based sentiment and topics related to COVID-19 economic stimulus packages.

Design/methodology/approach
This study applies natural language processing techniques, such as sentiment analysis, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and semantic network analysis, to a global data set of 88,441 tweets from January 2020 to December 2021 extracted from the Twitter platform, discussing COVID-19 economic stimulus packages.

Findings
Results show that in the fourth quarter of 2021, there is a declining trend of positive sentiment (−5%) and an increasing trend of negative sentiment (14%), which may indicate the perceived inadequacy of COVID-19 stimulus measures. Topic modeling identifies seven topics, highlighting the necessity of stimulus in the education sector.

Practical implications
The big-data findings of this study provide a better understanding of public sentiment about economic stimulus for regulators and policymakers, which can help in formulating more effective fiscal and monetary policies.

Originality/value
Public sentiment is a significant concern for regulators because of its associated ambiguity, such as how to design stimulus packages and evaluate the effectiveness of previous measures. This study applies natural language processing, contributing to the growing literature on designing effective economic stimulus.
Cancer‐associated fibroblast‐derived circFARP1 modulates non–small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis through the circFARP1/miR‐338‐3p/SOX4 axis
Authors: Zou Wailong , Li Yulin , Zhang Jia , Yang Rui , Yan Yaxin , Zhang Xin , Yan Lei , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Xinjun , Chen Jichao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe pleiotropic effect of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on tumour progression depends on the environment. circFARP1 is critical for CAFs‐induced gemcitabine (GEM) resistance in pancreatic cancer. Its specific role and mechanism in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been reported yet. We prepared a cancer‐associated fibroblasts‐conditioned medium (CAF‐CM) to incubate the A549 cells. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect RNA levels. We detected protein expression by immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, western blot and immunofluorescence. We also detected the targeting impact between circFARP1, miR‐338‐3p and SRY‐box transcription factor 4 (SOX4) by using dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA pull‐down assays. We determined cell proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities through Cell Counting Kit‐8 and transwell assays. In addition, we measured tumour volume and weight in vivo by establishing a xenograft tumour model. CircFARP1 levels were remarkably high in the CAFs. The transfection experiments found that circFARP1 downregulation in CAFs caused migration, proliferation and invasion inhibition of CAFs and A549 cells, whereas inhibiting miR‐38‐3p or overexpressing SOX4 in CAFs could significantly reverse the inhibition. In vivo study in nude mice confirmed that CAFs could promote NSCLC tumour growth and knockdown of circFARP1 could inhibit tumour growth of NSCLC, whereas miR‐38‐3p downregulation or SOX4 overexpression could significantly reverse the inhibition. circFARP1 promotes NSCLC development by stimulating miR‐338‐3p/SOX4 signalling axis to regulate CAFs.
Intrapartum and postpartum antibiotic use in seven low‐ and middle‐income countries: Findings from the A‐PLUS trial
Authors: Saleem Sarah , Yasmin Haleema , Moore Janet L. , Rahim Anum , Shakeel Iram , Lokangaka Adrien , Tshefu Antoinette , Bauserman Melissa , Mwenechanya Musaku , Chomba Elwyn , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Kavi Avinash , Derman Richard J. , Krebs Nancy F. , Figueroa Lester , Mazariegos Manolo , Nyongesa Paul , Bucher Sherri , Esamai Fabian , Patel Archana , Waikar Manjushree , Shivkumar Poonam , Hibberd Patricia L. , Petri William A. , Billah Sk Masum , Haque Rashidul , Carlo Waldemar A. , Tita Alan , Koso‐Thomas Marion , Hemingway‐Foday Jennifer , McClure Elizabeth M. , Goldenberg Robert L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the intrapartum and postpartum use of non‐study antibiotics in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) during the double‐blinded NICHD Global Network Azithromycin in Labor (A‐PLUS) trial.DesignThe antibiotic use sub‐study was a planned prospective, observational sub‐study of the A‐PLUS trial.SettingsThe study was carried out in hospitals or health centres affiliated with eight sites of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research (Global Network) in seven countries: Bangladesh, Pakistan, India (two sites), Kenya, Zambia, The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Guatemala.PopulationTotally, 29 278 pregnant women enrolled in the A‐PLUS trial.MethodsWe collected data on 29 278 pregnant women admitted to a facility for delivery related to non‐study antibiotic use overall and during three time periods: (1) in the facility prior to delivery, (2) after delivery until facility discharge and (3) after discharge to 42 days post‐partum.Main Outcome MeasuresNon‐study antibiotic use overall and for treatment or prophylaxis by the site during the three time periods.ResultsOf the 29 278 women in the study, 5020 (17.1%; 95% CI 16.7%–17.6%) received non‐study antibiotics in the facility prior to delivery, 11 956 (40.8%; 95% CI 40.3%–41.4%) received non‐study antibiotics in the facility after delivery, and 13 390 (47.6%; 95% CI 47.0%–48.2%) women received non‐study antibiotics after delivery and after facility discharge. Antibiotics were prescribed more often among women in the Asian and Guatemalan sites than in the African sites. In the three time‐periods, among those receiving antibiotics, prophylaxis was the indication in 82.3%, 97.7% and 90.7% of the cases, respectively. The type of antibiotics used varied substantially by time‐period and site, but generally, penicillin‐type drugs, cephalosporin‐type drugs and metronidazole were used more frequently than other types.ConclusionsAcross the eight sites of the Global Network, in the facility before delivery, and in the post‐partum periods before and after facility discharge, antibiotics were used frequently, but use was highly variable by site and time‐period.
Servant Leadership and Work–Family Conflict: The Dual Mediation Effects of Thriving at Work and Workaholism
Authors: Xu Yan , Hu Wei , Liu Doudou 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTExtant research has uniformly demonstrated that servant leadership is beneficial for followers, teams, and even organizations. Drawing upon social information processing theory and social exchange theory, we challenge this prevalent conclusion by analyzing the dual impact mechanism of servant leadership on followers' work–family conflict. A total of 402 Chinese working adults responded to a three‐wave online questionnaire survey. The results revealed that: on the one hand, servant leadership can enhance thriving at work and reduce the work–family conflict of subordinates; on the other hand, servant leadership can also trigger workaholism in subordinates, which can increase work–family conflict. Traditionality of followers moderates the dual mechanism of servant leadership on work–family conflict. This study reveals the benefits and perils of servant leadership and the important role that traditionality plays in this unique leadership process.