bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial analysis of paediatric swimming pool submersions by housing type
Authors: Shenoi Rohit P , Levine Ned , Jones Jennifer L , Frost Mary H , Koerner Christine E , Fraser John J 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveDrowning is a major cause of unintentional childhood death. The relationship between childhood swimming pool submersions, neighbourhood sociodemographics, housing type and swimming pool location was examined in Harris County, Texas.Study design and settingChildhood pool submersion incidents were examined for spatial clustering using the Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Cluster (Nnh) algorithm. To relate submersions to predictive factors, an Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Poisson-Lognormal-Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) spatial regression model was tested at the census tract level.ResultsThere were 260 submersions; 49 were fatal. Forty-two per cent occurred at single-family residences and 36% at multifamily residential buildings. The risk of a submersion was 2.7 times higher for a child at a multifamily than a single-family residence and 28 times more likely in a multifamily swimming pool than a single family pool. However, multifamily submersions were clustered because of the concentration of such buildings with pools. Spatial clustering did not occur in single-family residences. At the tract level, submersions in single-family and multifamily residences were best predicted by the number of pools by housing type and the number of children aged 0–17 by housing type.ConclusionsPaediatric swimming pool submersions in multifamily buildings are spatially clustered. The likelihood of submersions is higher for children who live in multifamily buildings with pools than those who live in single-family homes with pools.
Serum Lipid Levels, Body Mass Index, and Their Role in Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: van Setten Jessica , Išgum Ivana , Pechlivanis Sonali , Tragante Vinicius , de Jong Pim A. , Smolonska Joanna , Platteel Mathieu , Hoffmann Per , Oudkerk Matthijs , de Koning Harry J. , Nöthen Markus M. , Moebus Susanne , Erbel Raimund , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Viergever Max A. , Mali Willem P.Th.M. , de Bakker Paul I.W. 
Published: January 2015

Background—
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is widely regarded as a cumulative lifetime measure of atherosclerosis, but it remains unclear what is the relationship between calcification and traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). This study characterizes the genetic architecture of CAC by evaluating the overall impact of common alleles associated with CAD/MI and its traditional risk factors.

Methods and Results—

On the basis of summary-association results from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D study of CAD/MI, we calculated polygenic risk scores in 2599 participants of the Dutch and Belgian Lung Cancer Screening (NELSON) trial, in whom quantitative CAC levels (Agatston scores) were determined from chest computerized tomographic imaging data. The most significant polygenic model explained ≈14% of the observed CAC variance (
P
=1.6×10
–11
), which points to a residual effect because of many as yet unknown loci that overlap between CAD/MI and CAC. In addition, we constructed risk scores based on published single-nucleotide polymorphism associations for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and tested these scores for association with CAC. We found nominally significant associations for genetic risk scores of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and body mass index, which were successfully replicated in 2182 individuals of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study.

Conclusions—
Pervasive polygenic sharing between CAC and CAD/MI suggests that a substantial fraction of the heritable risk for CAD/MI is mediated through arterial calcification. We also provide evidence that genetic variants associated with serum lipid levels and body mass index influence CAC levels.
Association Between Use of Statins and Outcomes in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Alehagen Urban , Benson Lina , Edner Magnus , Dahlström Ulf , Lund Lars H. 
Published: January 2015

Background—
In heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction, randomized trials of statins did not demonstrate improved outcomes. However, randomized trials may not always be generalizable. The aim was to determine whether statins are associated with improved outcomes in an unselected nationwide population of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction overall and in relation to ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Methods and Results—

In the Swedish Heart Failure Registry, 21 864 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (age ± SD, 72±12 years; 29% women), of whom 10 345 (47%) were treated with statins, were studied. Propensity scores for statin use were derived from 42 baseline variables. The associations between statin use and outcomes were assessed with Cox regressions in a population matched 1:1 based on propensity score and age and in the overall population with adjustment for propensity score and age. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes were cardiovascular mortality; HF hospitalization; and combined all-cause mortality or cardiovascular hospitalization. Survival at 1 year in the matched population was 83% for statin-treated versus 79% for untreated patients (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.86;
P
<0.001). In the unmatched population, 1-year survival was 85% for statin-treated versus 79% for untreated patients, hazard ratio after adjustment for propensity score and age was 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.89;
P
<0.001). No examined baseline variables interacted with statin use except for IHD (
P
=0.001), with a hazard ratio of 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.82,
P
<0.001) with IHD and 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.07;
P
=0.430 without IHD. Statin use was also associated with reduced risk for all 3 secondary outcomes.

Conclusions—
In an unselected nationwide population of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, statins were associated with improved outcomes, specifically in the presence of IHD. This contrasts with previous randomized controlled trials. Additional randomized controlled trials with more generalized inclusion or focused on IHD may be warranted.
Comparative Effectiveness of Standard Care With IV Thrombolysis Versus Without IV Thrombolysis for Mild Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Choi Jay Chol , Jang Min Uk , Kang Kyusik , Park Jong‐Moo , Ko Youngchai , Lee Soo‐Joo , Cha Jae‐Kwan , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Park Sang Soon , Park Tai Hwan , Lee Kyung Bok , Lee Jun , Kim Joon‐Tae , Cho Ki‐Hyun , Yu Kyung‐Ho , Oh Mi‐Sun , Lee Byung‐Chul , Cho Yong‐Jin , Kim Dong‐Eog , Lee Ji Sung , Lee Juneyoung , Gorelick Philip B. , Bae Hee‐Joon 
Published: January 2015

Background

One third of patients presenting with initially mild strokes have unfavorable outcomes, and the efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (
IVT
) in this population has not been proven. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of standard care with
IVT
versus without
IVT
in mild stroke patients.

Methods and Results

Using a multicenter stroke registry database, we identified patients with acute ischemic stroke who presented within 4.5 hours of symptom onset and had initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores ≤5. Multivariable logistic analysis and propensity score matching were used to adjust for baseline imbalances between the patients who did and did not receive
IVT
. Adjusted odds ratios and 95%
CI
s of
IVT
were estimated for 3‐month modified Rankin Scale scores of 0 to 1 and symptomatic. Of 13 117 patients with stroke who were hospitalized between April 2008 and May 2012, 1386 met the eligibility criteria, and 194 (14.0%) were treated with
IVT
. For a modified Rankin Scale of 0 to 1 at 3 months, the adjusted odds ratios were 1.96 (95%
CI
, 1.28 to 3.00;
P
=0.002) by multivariable logistic analysis and 1.68 (1.10 to 2.56;
P
=0.02) by propensity score matching analysis, respectively. There was a statistically nonsignificant excess of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (odds ratios=3.76 [0.95 to 16.42;
P
=0.06] and 4.81 [0.84 to 49.34;
P
=0.09]), respectively.

Conclusions

In this observational registry‐based study, standard care with
IVT
is more effective than not receiving
IVT
in mild ischemic stroke patients, and there is a statistically nonsignificant risk of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation.
Деантропонимные топонимы белорусско-польского пограничья
Authors: Гурская [Hurskaia] Юлия [IUliia] 
Published: January 2015

Deantroponymic names in the Belarusian-Polish frontierThe article analyzes deantroponymic toponyms of Grodno land, recorded in written materials of 15th – 17th centuries in comparison with current data. The origin, structure and evolution of the areal features of Slavic and Baltic names are investigated to conform the language, cultural and historical features of the region.From the historical and etymological point of view different time strata can be allocated. An extensive group was formed by oikonyms of the Baltic and Slavic origin, derived from personal names and nicknames of appellative character. A significant part in the oikonyms group is the group based on foreign-language Christian names. The third group includes settlement names, derived from the ancient complex Indo-European names. The fourth group consists of hybrid of Balto-Slavic names; a typical feature of which is the reconstruction of a Slavic-Baltic bases, which corresponds to the chronology of the development of this territory.Baltic names in the investigated territory, in the form of phonetic and morphological substitution, are the evidence of close Balto-Slavic linguistic and cultural contacts. Many oikonyms of Baltic origin are preserved in the investigated territory as part of modern Belarusian surnames. Nazwy toponimiczne pochodzące od antroponimów na pograniczu białorusko-polskimArtykuł analizuje toponimy pochodzące od antroponimów na ziemi grodzieńskiej, odnotowane w materiałach piśmiennych od XV do XVII w. i porównuje je z aktualnymi danymi. Celem określenia językowych, kulturowych i historycznych uwarunkowań tego regionu zbadano strukturę i ewolucję przestrzenną cech nazw słowiańskich i bałtyckich.Z historycznego i etymologicznego punktu widzenia można wyznaczyć różne okresy. Liczną grupę tworzą ojkonimy pochodzenia bałtyckiego i słowiańskiego, tworzone od nazw osobowych i przydomków o charakterze apelatywnym. Znaczna część ojkonimów wywodzi się od obcojęzycznych imion chrześcijańskich. Trzecia grupa obejmuje nazwy osad, pochodzące od złożonych nazw indoeuropejskich. Na grupę czwartą składają się hybrydy nazw bałto-słowiańskich, zrekonstruowane od podstaw słowiańsko-bałtyckich, odpowiadające stosunkom etnicznym i historii osadnictwa na badanym obszarze. Nazwy bałtyckie na badanym terytorium, w formie substytucji fonetycznej i morfologicznej, dowodzą bliskich bałto-słowiańskich kontaktów językowych i kulturalnych. Liczne ojkonimy pochodzenia bałtyckiego zachowały się na badanym terytorium jako element występujący we współczesnych nazwiskach białoruskich.
O warstwach leksyki pochodzenia litewskiego na obszarze ignalińsko-jezioroskim
Authors: Rutkowska Krystyna 
Published: January 2015

About layers of lexis of Lithuanian origins in the Ignalina–Zarasai regionIn this study lexical lithuanisms were analysed, functioning in the Ignalina–Zarasai area, on the Lithuanian–Latvian–Belarussian borderland. Lithuanian proceeds on Slavic dialect have an ancient history, which can be associated with a period, dated quite early based on sources of language. Studying Lithuanian vocabulary in these dialects, the dynamics of influences can be observed simultaneously, as contacts between Lithuanian and other dialects existed in this area for a long time. Therefore, several layers of lithuanisms, differentiated based on time and manner of borrowing, can be distinguished: a) a layer of borrowings with a wide range, shared by many language groups, certified in Polish, Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages; b) a layer of contact lithuanisms, certified in the border zone of Lithuania and the Polish language, dialects occurring in Belarus, also in the Russian dialects of Old Believers; this vocabulary can have a wider range of occurrence or be listed within a single language area, for example only in the Ignalina–Zarasai or Vilnius region; c) borrowings with the rank of infiltration, resulting from active contacts with the Lithuanian language and dialects. O warstwach leksyki pochodzenia litewskiego na obszarze ignalińsko-jezioroskimW niniejszym opracowaniu poddano analizie lituanizmy leksykalne, funkcjonujące na obszarze ignalińsko-jezioroskim, znajdującym się na pograniczu litewsko-łotewsko-białoruskim. Wpływy litewskie na gwary słowiańskie mają tu dawną historię – w dostępnych źródłach językowych pojawiają się dość wcześnie. Badając leksykę litewską w analizowanych gwarach, można jednocześnie obserwować dynamikę tych wpływów, bowiem kontakt z językiem litewskim trwał na tym terenie nieustannie. Zanotowane lituanizmy dają się podzielić na kilka grup w zależności od okresu i sposobu zapożyczenia: a) warstwę zapożyczeń o szerokim zasięgu, wspólną wielu zespołom językowym, poświadczoną w języku polskim, rosyjskim, ukraińskim i białoruskim; b) warstwę lituanizmów kontaktowych, poświadczonych w pasie przygranicznym z Litwą i występującej polszczyźnie i w gwarach białoruskich, też w rosyjskich gwarach staroobrzędowców; słownictwo to może mieć szerszy zasięg występowania lub być notowane w obrębie jednego obszaru językowego, np. tylko na terenie ignalińsko-jezioroskim lub wileńskim; c) zapożyczeń mających rangę infiltracji, wynikających z czynnych kontaktów z językiem i gwarami litewskimi.
Osobliwe analityzmy słownikowe i frazeologizmy w polskojęzycznej wileńskiej prasie międzywojennej. (Na materiale „Kuriera Wileńskiego”)
Authors: Joachimiak-Prażanowska Joanna 
Published: January 2015

Specific dictionary analytisms and idiomatic phrases in the Polish interwar Vilnius press (on the basis of the “Kurier Wileński”)This article presents specific dictionary analytisms and idiomatic phrases used in the Polish language of Kurier Wileński in the interwar period.I have found 50 dictionary analytisms (7 citations included) and 5 idioms (1 citation included).Amongst specific analytisms the Russicisms dominate: 31 items. Older Polish vocabulary creates a large group: 10 items. Six out of these phrases stand for recessive elements, four – are a part of obsolete lexis. One ephemeral unit (narzędzia moczowe) and one regionalism (skład apteczny) have appeared.The genesis of 5 unique idiomatic phrases excerpted from Kurier Wileński is shown in a following way: 3 Russicisms, 1 Ukrainian or Bielarusian borrowing (duby smalone), 1 idiomatic phrase of an unknown origin (ruszać się jak mucha w śmietanie).The textual frequency of appearance of all the collected peculiar lexical phenomena was in total 81 examples.As the analysis denoted, in the second decade of the period between the Wars the language of the editors of Kurier Wileński was less saturated with uniqueness than in the first ten years after the First World War. It could be – yet in the weak form – the result of contact of the Vilnius Region with ethnic Poland lands within one country. Osobliwe analityzmy słownikowe i frazeologizmy w polskojęzycznej wileńskiej prasie międzywojennej. (Na materiale „Kuriera Wileńskiego”)W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono osobliwe analityzmy słownikowe i frazeologizmy funkcjonujące w polszczyźnie „Kuriera Wileńskiego” w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym.Z badanej gazety wyekscerpowano łącznie 50 analityzmów słownikowych (w tym 7 cytatów) i 5 frazeologizmów (w tym 1 cytat).W grupie osobliwych analityzmów dominują rusycyzmy: 31 jednostek. Stosunkowo licznie reprezentowane jest starsze słownictwo ogólnopolskie: 10 jednostek. Sześć spośród nich to elementy recesywne, 4 leksemy należą zaś do leksyki przestarzałej. W badanym dzienniku napotkano 1 jednostkę efemeryczną (narzędzia moczowe) oraz 1 regionalizm (skład apteczny).Geneza 5 osobliwych frazeologizmów wynotowanych z KW przedstawia się następująco: 3 rusycyzmy, 1 ukrainizm lub białorutenizm (duby smalone), 1 frazeologizm o niejasnym pochodzeniu (ruszać się jak mucha w śmietanie).Frekwencja tekstowa wszystkich zgromadzonych osobliwych jednostek leksykalnych była niewielka i wynosiła łącznie 81 wystąpień.Jak wykazała analiza, w drugim dziesięcioleciu okresu międzywojennego język redaktorów KW był nieco mniej nasycony osobliwościami niż w pierwszych latach po I wojnie światowej. Mógł to być – słaby jeszcze – efekt zbliżenia Wileńszczyzny z Polską etniczną w granicach jednego państwa.
Deprefiksacja czasownikowa w języku litewskim
Authors: Ostrowski Norbert Ireneusz 
Published: January 2015

Back-formation in the history of the Lithuanian prefixal verbsThis paper discusses the development of several Lithuanian prefixal verbs (su-bradžióti ‘to do a wrong thing’, iš-skìlti ‘to strike spark’, at-vérti / už-vérti ‘to open / to close’, iš-réikšti ‘to express’, ap-àkti ‘to go blind’) and their relation to simplex forms (bradžióti ‘wade; do a wrong thing’, skìlti ‘to strike spark’, vérti ‘to thread; to prick; to open; to close’, réikšti ‘to express, to mean’, àkti ‘to go blind’). What these forms have in common is deprefixation, a kind of retrograde derivation exemplified by subradžióti → bradžióti. Deprefiksacja czasownikowa w języku litewskimArtykuł omawia rozwój kilku czasowników prefigowanych w języku litewskim (su-bradžióti ‘czynić źle’, iš-skìlti ‘rozpalać ogień’, at-vérti / už-vérti ‘otwierać / zamykać’, iš-réikšti ‘wyrażać coś, znaczyć’, ap-àkti ‘oślepnąć’) oraz ich stosunek do form nieprefigowanych (bradžióti ‘brodzić; postępować źle’, skìlti ‘rozpalać ogień’, vérti ‘nawlekać; przebijać; otwierać; zamykać’, réikšti ‘wyrażać; mieć znaczenie’, àkti ‘ślepnąć’). Cechą wspólną omawianej grupy jest deprefiksacja, rodzaj derywacji wstecznej ilustrowanej przez parę su-bradžióti → bradžióti. W jej wyniku czasownik nieprefigowany rozszerza swój zasób znaczeń o nowe pojęcie, pierwotnie ograniczone tylko do czasownika przedrostkowego.
Biografia nieobecna. Wokół życia i twórczości Ireneusza Plater-Zyberka
Authors: Zawisza Robert 
Published: January 2015

An Absent Biography. About the life and work of Ireneusz Plater-ZyberkIreneusz Plater-Zyberk (1896–1946), was a writer and a film producer, adventurer and gallant. His life is an incredible story of the disabled individual who succeeded in an amazing career. Plater-Zyberk was born in a wealthy landowning family who lived at the estate of Vabole in Latvia. He was born without hands and at that time, due to his disability, was classified as "margins of society." Thanks to perseverance and commitment of his mother, he graduated as an extern student from high school in Warsaw, Poland. His career includes Life without Hands, memories, and two novels. He was a co-author of first movie in Poland with stunt effects Dead Node (1927), which unfortunately wasn’t preserved. Also, he was recognized as a documentary creator as well as an initiator of film production regulations. Biografia nieobecna. Wokół życia i twórczości Ireneusza Plater-ZyberkaIreneusz Plater-Zyberk (1896 lub 1897–1946) był literatem i twórcą filmowym, nieco awanturnikiem i bawidamkiem. Jego postać to niezwykły przykład niepełnosprawnego, który osiągnął w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym znaczącą karierę. Ireneusz Plater-Zyberk pochodził z zamożnej rodziny ziemiańskiej, zamieszkałej w majątku Wabol na Łotwie. Urodził się bez rąk i w ówczesnej rzeczywistości miał pozostać na marginesie społeczeństwa. Dzięki wytrwałości matki udało mu się ukończyć jako ekstern gimnazjum w Warszawie. W swoim dorobku ma wspomnienia Życie bez rąk oraz dwie powieści. Ważną rolę odegrał Plater jako scenarzysta i reżyser, był m.in. współtwórcą pierwszego polskiego filmu z efektami kaskaderskimi „Martwy węzeł” (1927). Miał on również ogromne zasługi jako twórca filmów dokumentalnych i jednocześnie inspirator zmian w prawodawstwie dotyczącym produkcji filmowej. Tłem jego twórczości pisarskiej jest burzliwe i pełne przygód życie osobiste, romanse i popełniony mezalians, które z racji kalectwa były traktowane przez społeczność ziemiańską pobłażliwie i z dużą wyrozumiałością.
Ewa Golachowska, "Jak mówić do Pana Boga? Wielojęzyczność katolików na Białorusi na przełomie XX i XXI wieku". Instytut Slawistyki PAN, Wydawnictwo Agade, Warszawa 2012, ss. 189
Authors: Ostrówka Małgorzata Maria 
Published: January 2015

The subject of the review is a book of Ewa Golachowska How to talk to God? The book is a report from the field. The author moves on the issue of distribution of functional languages spoken by Catholics in Belarus (Polish, Belarusian, Russian) in cross-generational. The book also includes texts that are a record of living speech of Catholics of all generations of Belarusian sites. They document important and dramatic events in the history of the Catholic Church in Belarus and the fate of his faithful, as well as the local Polish language, which goes along with its users.
Procalcitonin in the assessment of bacteraemia in emergency department patients: results of a large retrospective study
Authors: Kim So-Young , Jeong Tae Dong , Lee Woochang , Chun Sail , Min Won-Ki 
Published: January 2015

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of procalcitonin in the assessment of bacteraemia in patients in the emergency department, both alone and in conjunction with existing inflammatory markers of bacterial infection. Methods We enrolled 3305 cases (range 20–90 years) for which we retrospectively compared procalcitonin concentration, blood culture results, body temperature, absolute neutrophil count, and C-reactive protein concentration. The positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of procalcitonin were established at different cut-off concentrations. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted, and the areas under the ROC curves calculated, to allow assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of (a) a combination of three existing inflammatory markers of bacterial infection (body temperature, C-reactive protein, absolute neutrophil count), and (b) this combination with procalcitonin. Results Positive predictive values of procalcitonin using 0.1, 1, 2, and 5 ng/mL as the cut-off values were 21.2, 32.2, 34.2, and 37.0%, respectively. Negative predictive values of procalcitonin using 0.1, 1, 2, and 5 ng/mL as the cut-off values were 95.1, 92.2, 91.1, and 89.0%, respectively. Areas under the curve of three inflammatory markers (absolute neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, and body temperature) combined was 0.879; areas under the curve of these markers combined with procalcitonin was 0.932 ( p = 0.018). Conclusions When procalcitonin is used as a serum marker for ruling out bacteraemia, a cut-off of 0.1 ng/mL may be used. Procalcitonin improves the diagnostic accuracy of existing markers of bacteraemia.