bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core outcomes and definitions for pediatric fever and neutropenia research: A consensus statement from an international panel
Authors: Haeusler Gabrielle M. , Phillips Robert S. , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Thursky Karin A. , Sung Lillian , Ammann Roland A. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThere are no specific recommendations for the design and reporting of studies of children with fever and neutropenia (FN). As a result, there is marked heterogeneity in the variables and outcomes that are reported and new definitions continue to emerge. These inconsistencies hinder the ability of researchers and clinicians to compare, contrast and combine results. The objective was to achieve expert consensus on a core set of variables and outcomes that should be measured and reported, as a minimum, in pediatric FN studies.ProcedureThe Delphi method was used to achieve consensus among an international group of clinicians, pharmacists, researchers, and patient representatives. Four surveys focusing on (i) the identification of a core set of variables and outcomes; and (ii) definitions of these variables and outcomes, were administered electronically. Consensus was predefined as more than 80% agreement on any statement.ResultsThere were forty‐five survey participants and the response rate ranged between 84 and 96%. There was consensus on eight core variables and 10 core outcomes that should be collected and reported in all studies of children with FN. Consensus definitions were identified for all of the core outcomes.ConclusionUsing the Delphi method, expert consensus on a set of core variables and outcomes, and their corresponding definitions, was achieved. These core sets represent the minimum that should be collected and reported in all studies of children with FN. This will promote collaboration and ensure consistency and comparability between studies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:483–489. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Consistency in Administration and Response for the Backward Push and Release Test: A Clinical Assessment of Postural Responses
Authors: Smith Beth A. , Carlson‐Kuhta Patricia , Horak Fay B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe backward push and release test (PRT) is a standardized clinical test of postural responses elicited by perturbations. Our goal was to determine reliability of administration and response. This will inform clinical administration and determine whether to develop an instrumented version.MethodsOne examiner administered 10 backward PRT trials to adults with Parkinson disease (12), multiple sclerosis (14) and controls (12). We used three‐dimensional motion analysis, force plates and instrumented gloves to measure administration and response. Administration variables were angle of posterior trunk lean and the distance of the centre of mass (CoM) behind the ankle. Postural response variables were latency of postural response from release to step initiation and first compensatory step length. Reliability was measured using the range of variables across trials, comparison of first and later trials, intraclass correlations (ICCs) to measure consistency and correlations between administration and response.ResultsThere was inherent variability in administration, which affected postural response characteristics. Larger trunk angle and greater CoM–ankle distance were correlated with shorter postural response latencies and larger step lengths. Participant height also had an effect; taller participants had larger trunk angles prior to release resulting in longer latencies and larger step lengths. Using ICCs, consistency of trunk angle was likely acceptable and CoM–ankle distance was high. Consistency of latency was low, while step length was likely acceptable.DiscussionDespite variability in administration and inconsistency in response, different postural response characteristics were detected between patients with different disease states. Based on these results, we will create algorithms to instrument the PRT using inertial movement sensors to collect more sensitive measures of postural responses than observational clinical rating scales. Feedback for appropriate lean angle and calibration for participant height will improve consistency and usefulness of the instrumented PRT. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian models of child development
Authors: Gopnik Alison , Bonawitz Elizabeth 
Published: November 2014

Bayesian models have been applied to many areas of cognitive science including vision, language, and motor learning. We discuss the implications of this framework for cognitive development. We first present a brief introduction to the Bayesian framework. Bayesian models make assumptions about representation explicit, and provide a detailed account of learning. Furthermore, they can provide an account of developmental transitions and other phenomena in development, such as curiosity and exploration. Drawing on recent work bridging empirical developmental data and modeling, we show that these features of the Bayesian approach provide solutions to problems that elude traditional accounts of learning and raise new areas of investigation.WIREs Cogn Sci2015, 6:75–86. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1330This article is categorized under:Psychology > Development and AgingPsychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Associations of dietary patterns with the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Li Fei , Hou Li-na , Chen Wei , Chen Peng-liang , Lei Chen-yong , Wei Qiang , Tan Wan-long , Zheng Shao-bin 
Published: November 2014

Considerable controversy exists regarding the associations of dietary patterns with the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to elucidate the potential associations between dietary patterns and the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality. The PubMed database was searched for prospective cohort studies on the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality published until February 2014. Random-effects models were used to calculate the summary relative risk estimates (SRRE) based on the highest v. the lowest category of dietary pattern scores. Stratified analyses were conducted based on sex, geographical region, follow-up duration, and adjustment/non-adjustment for energy intake. A total of thirteen prospective cohort studies involving 338 787 participants were included in the meta-analysis. There was evidence of inverse associations between the prudent/healthy dietary pattern and the risk of all-cause (SRRE = 0·76, 95 % CI 0·68, 0·86) and CVD (SRRE = 0·81, 95 % CI 0·75, 0·87) mortality and an absence of association between this dietary pattern and stroke mortality (SRRE = 0·89, 95 % CI 0·77, 1·02). However, no significant associations were observed between the Western/unhealthy dietary pattern and the risk of all-cause (SRRE = 1·07, 95 % CI 0·96, 1·20), CVD (SRRE = 0·99, 95 % CI 0·91, 1·08) and stroke (SRRE = 0·94, 95 % CI 0·81, 1·10) mortality. In conclusion, the findings provide evidence that greater adherence to a prudent/healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality and not significantly associated with stroke mortality and that the Western/unhealthy dietary pattern is not associated with all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Sediment preference, salinity tolerance and COX-1 genetic differences in two purportive species ofLuidia(Echinodermata: Asteroidea)
Authors: Cortes M.P. , Chung H.-M. , Pomory C.M. 
Published: November 2014

Specimens collected in or near Pensacola Bay, Florida matching the descriptions ofLuidia lawrenceiandLuidia clathrata(the congener from whichL. lawrenceiwas recently split) were compared to determine whether their recent taxonomic separation is supported by differences in sediment preference, salinity tolerance andCOX-1mtDNA sequences.Luidia clathratahas a preference for smaller grain sizes, while no statistically significant preference was found forLuidia lawrencei, and no significant difference was found between the species.Luidia clathratais more tolerant of lower salinity based on the righting response thanLuidia lawrencei, especially at salinities lower than 25 g kg−1. TheCOX-1comparison returned over 99% homology among individuals of the two species. While sediment preference and salinity tolerance results indicate differences in response to habitat dissimilarities, theCOX-1genetic result is strong evidence against the recently proposed separation of the species. In light of theCOX-1result, we interpret the sediment and salinity results as long-term acclimation responses.
Dietary differences have contrasting effects on the seed dispersal potential of the titi monkeyCallicebus coimbraiin north-eastern Brazil
Authors: Baião Sirley A.A. , Correia Fernanda B.A. , Ferrari Stephen F. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract:Gut transit times and dispersal distances of seeds ingested byCallicebus coimbraiat two localities were estimated by tracing seeds found in faeces to feeding sites. Feeding events and faecal samples were recorded/collected and mapped by GPS between April and July, 2012. Junco group fed almost exclusively on fruit, whereas Trapsa group fed on fruit and leaves/flowers in similar proportions. A much higher proportion of faecal samples from Junco contained seeds (47.9%, n = 244,vs. 33.6%, n = 177), and contained more seeds, on average (3.0 ± 2.8vs. 2.1 ± 2.1) than those from Trapsa. However, gut transit times were absolutely longer at Trapsa (mean = 4.87 ± 1.48 h, n = 6,vs. 2.85 ± 0.53 h, n = 13 daytime events), and dispersal distances were significantly longer (200 ± 81.0 mvs. 126 ± 53.4 m). The evidence indicates that, while the more folivorous diet at Trapsa was reflected in a much lower faecal seed count, it was also associated with longer gut transit times, and significantly longer dispersal distances, i.e. while dispersing approximately half the seeds dispersed by Junco group, Trapsa group dispersed these seeds over almost twice the distance.
Effects of habitat fragmentation on the diversity of epiphytic orchids from a montane forest of southern Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Pérez Ezequiel , Solano Eloy 
Published: November 2014

Abstract:Epiphytic orchids are very diverse in montane forests, but fragmentation modifies this diversity. Twenty fragments were quantified to evaluate the effects of fragmentation on the alpha and beta diversities of epiphytic orchids in a montane forest located in southern Mexico. The following factors were evaluated: area, core area, shape, edge density, Euclidean nearest-neighbour distance fragment and contrast index. In each fragment, two transects of 2 × 50 m were drawn, and the trees with a diameter at breast height ≥ 20 cm were recorded. In each tree, the orchid species present were identified and quantified. Twenty-three species of epiphytic orchid in 234 phorophytes corresponding to 20 species were recorded. The epiphytic orchid richness per tree and species turnover was different between the phorophytes. The edge density and the contrast index had significant effects on the alpha diversity, while the isolation of the fragments significantly affected the beta diversity. The edge density positively affected the alpha diversity of the epiphytic orchids, likely through microclimatic changes caused by fragmentation. Drought-tolerant species were common on the edges of the fragments, and shade-tolerant species established on the core area of the fragments. This pattern most likely depends on the ecological range of the taxa, which is crucial to their development and persistence in fragmented habitats.
The Pitfalls of Using Foreign Direct Investment Data to Measure Chinese Multinational Enterprise Activity
Authors: Sutherland Dylan , Anderson John 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe growth of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNE) has stimulated great interest in their outward foreign direct investment (FDI) strategies, particularly among academics in business and management studies. To date, however, serious methodological shortcomings plague empirical studies in these disciplines. Specifically, the vital issue of how Chinese MNEs use and route FDI via tax havens and offshore financial centres is not adequately dealt with. These practices have created large geographical, industrial composition and volume biases in Chinese outward FDI data. Using a sample of 100 Chinese MNEs, we illustrate how the use of tax havens and offshore financial centres has created these biases, and examine the implications for understanding Chinese MNE activity.
Evolutionary origin of a streamlined marine bacterioplankton lineage
Authors: Luo Haiwei 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Planktonic bacterial lineages with streamlined genomes are prevalent in the ocean. The base composition of their DNA is often highly biased towards low G+C content, a possible source of systematic error in phylogenetic reconstruction. A total of 228 orthologous protein families were sampled that are shared among major lineages of Alphaproteobacteria, including the marine free-living SAR11 clade and the obligate endosymbiotic Rickettsiales. These two ecologically distinct lineages share genome sizes of &lt;1.5 Mbp and genomic G+C content of &lt;30%. Statistical analyses showed that only 28 protein families are composition-homogeneous, whereas the other 200 families significantly violate the composition-homogeneous assumption included in most phylogenetic methods. RAxML analysis based on the concatenation of 24 ribosomal proteins that fall into the heterogeneous protein category clustered the SAR11 and Rickettsiales lineages at the base of the Alphaproteobacteria tree, whereas that based on the concatenation of 28 homogeneous proteins (including 19 ribosomal proteins) disassociated the lineages and placed SAR11 at the base of the non-endosymbiotic lineages. When the two data sets were concatenated, only a model that accounted for compositional bias yielded a tree identical to the tree built with composition-homogeneous proteins. Ancestral genome analysis suggests that the first evolved SAR11 cell had a small genome streamlined from its ancestor by a factor of two and coinciding with an ecological transition, followed by further gradual streamlining towards the extant SAR11 populations.
Protein-protein Interaction Networks of E. coli and S. cerevisiae are similar
Authors: Wuchty S. , Uetz Peter 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOnly recently novel high-throughput binary interaction data in E. coli became available that allowed us to compare experimentally obtained protein-protein interaction networks of prokaryotes and eukaryotes (i.e. E. coli and S. cerevisiae). Utilizing binary-Y2H, co-complex and binary literature curated interaction sets in both organisms we found that characteristics of interaction sets that were determined with the same experimental methods were strikingly similar. While essentiality is frequently considered a question of a protein's increasing number of interactions, we found that binary-Y2H interactions failed to show such a trend in both organisms. Furthermore, essential genes are enriched in protein complexes in both organisms. In turn, binary-Y2H interactions hold more bottleneck interactions than co-complex interactions while both binary-Y2H and co-complex interactions are strongly enriched among co-regulated proteins and transcription factors. We discuss if such similarities are a consequence of the underlying methodology or rather reflect truly different biological patterns.
The Effect of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis on Semen Quality in Adult Men: A Meta-Analysis of Case-control Studies
Authors: Shang Yonggang , Liu Chengcheng , Cui Dong , Han Guangwei , Yi Shanhong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractChronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is caused by bacterial infection and maintains a condition of lower urinary tract infection. It may be a cause of male infertility. However, studies showed inconsistent results regarding the effect of CBP on several parameters of semen. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effect of CBP on basic semen parameters. A systematic review was conducted with Medline, PubMed, EMBASE and two Chinese databases (CNKI and WANG FANG) to identify relevant studies that involved the effect of CBP on semen parameters up to July 2014. Both RevMan5.2 and STATA 12.0 software were used for the statistical analysis. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven studies were included. The study illustrated that sperm vitality, sperm total motility and the percentage of progressively motile sperm from CBP patients were significantly lower than controls (SMD(95%CI) −0.81[−1.14, −0.47], −1.00[−1.28, −0.73], −0.41 [−0.70, −0.12], P<0.05, respectively). However, CBP had no significant effect on semen volume, sperm concentration and the duration of semen liquefaction. In summary, our study revealed that there was a significant negative effect of CBP on sperm vitality, sperm total motility and the percentage of progressively motile sperm. Additional, studies with larger number of subjects are needed.
Role of Bcl-2 -938 C>A polymorphism in susceptibility and prognosis of cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Weng Wenhao , Xu Wen , Wang Yulan , Yu Wenjun , Tang Xun , Ma Lifang , Pan Qiuhui , Wang Jiayi , Sun Fenyong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe association between B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) polymorphism and cancer is under debate and remains elusive. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships of Bcl-2 -938 C>A polymorphism (rs2279115) with susceptibility and prognosis of cancer. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to measure the association between Bcl-2 polymorphisms and cancer risk. Hazard ratios (HRs) were used to measure the association between Bcl-2 polymorphisms and cancer prognosis. On the basis of 26 studies about Bcl-2 -938C>A polymorphism and cancer, we found Bcl-2 -938 C>A polymorphism was significantly associated with increased cancer risk in dominant model (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.00–1.25, P = 0.04), recessive model (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.11–1.71, P = 0.004), allelic model (OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.04–1.28, P = 0.007) and homozygote comparison(OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.11–1.87, P = 0.006). Furthermore, Bcl-2 -938 C>A polymorphism was significantly associated with increased cancer risk in Asians but not in Caucasians. Moreover, Bcl-2 -938 C>A polymorphism was not significantly associated with the prognosis of cancer (AA vs CA: OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.77–1.27, P = 0.93; AA vs CC: OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.65–1.30, P = 0.63; AC vs CC: OR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.80–1.11, P = 0.48; CC vs AA+CA: OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 0.69–2.13, P = 0.50; AA vs CC+CA: OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.48–2.04, P = 0.97). Studies with larger samples and gene-environment interactions are needed to validate our findings.
Very simple circularly polarised printed patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth
Authors: Le T.T. , Park H.C. 
Published: November 2014

A very simple circularly polarised (CP) printed patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth has been designed, fabricated and tested. The antenna consists of two semi‐circular patches and a rectangular ground plane, and is excited by a simple microstrip feedline. The total substrate size is 50 × 50 × 1.52 mm3. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth is 101% (2.84–8.7 GHz) and the measured 3 dB axial‐ratio (AR) bandwidth is 49.8% (3.95–6.57 GHz). Good agreement is achieved between measured and simulated results.
Trench SOI LDMOS with vertical field plate
Authors: Wu Lijuan , Zhang Wentong , Shi Qin , Cai Pengfei , He Hangcheng 
Published: November 2014

A novel vertical field plate (VFP) structure with low specific on‐resistance (Ron,sp) is proposed. The VFP is inserted in the field oxide of the drift region with heavily doped N pillar parallel to the trench oxide layer (TOL), which depletes fully the drift region to decrease Ron,sp effectively and enhances the bulk field (ENBULF). The VFP optimises the bulk electric field to increase the breakdown voltage (BV). The BV of VFP is 668 V with an Ron,sp of 44.7 mΩ cm2, which is much lower than the silicon limit.
Exercise Intensity Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: a Comparison with Reference Values
Authors: Gil-Rey E. , Quevedo-Jerez K. , Maldonado-Martin S. , Herrero-Román F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe optimal dose of physical activity (PA) in cancer survivors (CS) is unknown due to the large variety of types of cancer, illness stages and treatments, low cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical inactivity. It is recommended that CS follow current PA guidelines for healthy population. There are no specific exercise prescription guidelines for CS. To know the cardiorespiratory parameters of CS in order to create exercise prescription guidelines for this population, 152 inactive CS were recruited to perform a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) determined 3 exercise intensity zones to create exercise intensity classification guidelines for CS. VO2peak (18.7±4.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) and peak heart rate (HRpeak) (145.1±17.9 bpm) were lower than the estimated values (p<0.001). Moderate intensity zone for CS was different from the current PA guidelines for healthy population: 41–64% VO2max, 55–70% HRmax, 23–48% HRres, 2.5–4 METs and 8–14 points on RPE scale. Intensities in PA guidelines for healthy population are not adapted to the characteristics of CS. For individual exercise prescription in CS specific PA guidelines should be used in order to maximize the benefits obtained by the use of aerobic exercise training.
Resonating with default nonsalient interpretations
Authors: Giora Rachel , Drucker Ari , Fein Ofer 
Published: November 2014

Based on natural language use, we examine the contextual environment of some negative constructions (e.g., Punctuality is not her forte/best attribute). Previous findings show that, as predicted by the view of default nonliteral interpretations, such negative constructions are interpreted nonliterally by default: (a) when presented in isolation, they are interpreted sarcastically and rated as sarcastic compared to affirmative counterparts; (b) when embedded in equally strongly biasing contexts, they are processed faster in sarcastically than in literally biasing contexts (Giora et al., 2013; Giora, Drucker et al., 2014). Here we test a third prediction that, unlike affirmative sarcasm, (c) such negative utterances will convey a sarcastic interpretation and their natural environment will echo their nonsalient (sarcastic) interpretation rather than their salience-based (literal) interpretation (Giora et al., 2010, 2013). Findings from 2 corpus-based studies of (Hebrew and English) negative constructions lend usage-based support to the view of default nonliteral interpretations (Giora et al., 2010, 2013; Giora, Drucker et al., 2014). They show that when occurring in natural discourses, such utterances communicate sarcasm significantly more often than their alternative affirmatives. Their neighboring utterances further reflect their nonsalient sarcastic interpretation rather than their salience-based nonsarcastic interpretation.