bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing interpretations of Ian Smith in the British press, 1980–2007
Authors: Pattenden Hugh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article seeks to advance the debate surrounding contemporary attitudes to settler colonialism in Britain by looking at the reinvention of the reputation of the former Rhodesian prime minister Ian Smith in British print media. This is becoming an increasingly important area of historical debate, but one that has not yet been fully explored. In order to investigate these issues, this article uses journalistic sources to reconstruct the ways in which Smith was talked about in public debate during the period from Zimbabwean independence in 1980 to his death in 2007. It argues that, while in the 1980s Smith was generally dismissed and condemned for his role in Rhodesia’s Unilateral Declaration of Independence, by the later 1990s and 2000s assessments were far more mixed, with many people comparing him favourably against Robert Mugabe. Indeed, it suggests that the suffering of Zimbabwe under Mugabe was the catalyst for Smith’s rehabilitation. Ultimately, it posits that interest in Smith highlights the unusually extensive interest that opinion formers had in Zimbabwean affairs, which was a legacy of the unique status of Rhodesia within the British empire.
Research on automatic classification method of artistic styles based on attention mechanism convolutional neural network
Authors: Li Qing , Li Yue , Qiu Feng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this article, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on an attention mechanism designed to automatically categorize artwork styles. The pyramid spatial attention (PSA) module is introduced into the traditional CNN, through which the weights of the feature maps are dynamically adjusted to enhance the model’s attention to the key features in the artworks. Experimental results show that the model proposed in this article significantly outperforms ResNet and DenseNet on the WikiArt dataset, reaching 91.52%, 90.49%, and 89.09% in accuracy, precision, and recall, respectively. This result validates the effectiveness of the PSA module in automatic classification of art styles. Future research directions may include incorporating more attention mechanisms to further improve the performance and generalization of the model.
Hopf Monoids of Ordered Simplicial Complexes
Authors: Castillo Federico , Martin Jeremy L , Samper José A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study Hopf classes: families of pure ordered simplicial complexes that give rise to Hopf monoids under join and deletion/contraction. The prototypical Hopf class is the family of ordered matroids. The idea of a Hopf class leads to a systematic study of simplicial complexes related to matroids, including shifted complexes and broken-circuit complexes. We compute the Hopf antipodes in two cases: facet-initial complexes (which generalize shifted complexes) and unbounded ordered matroids. The latter calculation uses the topological method of Aguiar and Ardila, complicated by certain auxiliary simplicial complexes that we call Scrope complexes, whose Euler characteristics control the coefficients of the antipode. The resulting antipode formula is multiplicity-free and cancellation-free.
As Time Goes by: Action in the UN Security Council
Authors: Allen Susan Hannah , Yuen Amy T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When an armed conflict erupts, what determines how long it will take for the United Nations Security Council to act? As described in the UN Charter, numerous actors, including Council members, the Secretary General, other UN member states, and potentially even non-member states have, the ability to place items on the Security Council's agenda. No one, however, can force the Council to take action on a given item. Once an issue is introduced on the Council's agenda, how long does it take for the members to meet on the topic in informal consultations, which have minimal audience costs—either within the institution or with home constituencies—because there are no public records available regarding these meetings? How long until a formal meeting is held (for which a verbatim record will be available, thus increasing the political investment)? How long until a resolution is passed that obligates states on the Council as well as all UN member nations to take action? Using data on civil conflicts and Council behavior from 1993–2019, we consider the factors that influence the pace of international response, including the location of the conflict, the intensity of the conflict, the relationship between the conflictual country and the permanent members of the Council, and the relationship between the permanent members themselves. In our analysis, we find the pace of action is driven more by the characteristics of the conflict than the politics of the Council, which differs from existing research on agenda-setting, which finds the preferences of the Council are key drivers.
Effect of a bundle intervention on adherence to quality-of-care indicators and on clinical outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia hospitalized in non-referral community hospitals
Authors: Escrihuela-Vidal Francesc , Chico Cristina , Borjabad González Beatriz , Vázquez Sánchez Daniel , Lérida Ana , De Blas Escudero Elisa , Sanmartí Montserrat , Linares González Laura , Simonetti Antonella F , Conde Ana Coloma , Muelas-Fernandez Magdalena , Diaz-Brito Vicens , Quintana Sara Gertrudis Horna , Oriol Isabel , Berbel Damaris , Càmara Jordi , Grillo Sara , Pujol Miquel , Cuervo Guillermo , Carratalà Jordi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Although a significant number of cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) are managed at non-referral community hospitals, the impact of a bundle-of-care intervention in this setting has not yet been explored.

Methods
We performed a quasi-experimental before–after study with the implementation of a bundle of care for the management of SAB at five non-referral community hospitals and a tertiary care university hospital. Structured recommendations for the five indicators selected to assess quality of care were provided to investigators before the implementation of the bundle and monthly thereafter. Primary endpoints were adherence to the bundle intervention and treatment failure, defined as death or relapse at 90 days of follow-up.

Results
One hundred and seventy patients were included in the pre-intervention period and 103 in the intervention period. Patient characteristics were similar in both periods. Multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounders showed that performance of echocardiography was the only factor associated with improved adherence to the bundle in the intervention period (adjusted OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.13–4.02). Adherence to the bundle, performance of follow-up blood cultures, and adequate duration of antibiotic therapy for complicated SAB presented non-significant improvements. The intervention was not associated with a lower rate of 90 day treatment failure (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.70–1.77).

Conclusions
A bundle-of-care intervention for the management of SAB at non-referral community hospitals increased adherence to quality indicators, but did not significantly reduce rates of 90 day mortality or relapse.
A mixed animal and plant protein source replacing fishmeal affects bile acid metabolism and apoptosis in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Chen Liutong , Qi Yu , Shi Menglin , Qu Kangyuan , Liu Yucheng , Tan Beiping , Xie Shiwei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chicken meal, shrimp meal, blood meal, and soybean protein concentrate are common alternatives to fishmeal. This study used them to prepare three diets with different levels of fishmeal (FM48, FM40, and FM32) for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The results found no significant difference in the growth performance of largemouth bass fed different diets. Mixed protein increased the total cholesterol (T-CHO) content in plasma, and reduced the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in plasma and liver. Targeted metabolomics analysis found that the low fishmeal diets affected the cholesterol and bile acid metabolism of largemouth bass. Mixed protein inhibited cyp7a1 and enhanced hmgcr and pparγ mRNA levels, as well as enhanced the expression levels of FXR in the liver. The fish-fed FM32 diet showed inhibited fxr, rxrα, and cyp7a1 mRNA levels in the intestine. The results of TUNEL fluorescence staining showed that mixed protein induced apoptosis in largemouth bass. The caspase 3 and caspase 9 mRNA levels in the fish-fed FM40 and FM32 diet significantly increased, as well as the expression levels of CASPASE 3. The experiment also found that it could induce oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In conclusion, the replacement of fishmeal with mixed animal and plant protein diets did not affect the growth performance, but the health and bile acid metabolism of largemouth bass was affected when the fishmeal level was reduced to 32%.
Comparison of different spectral ranges of UV-LED lighting for outdoor mosquito trapping in forested area in Thailand
Authors: Lhaosudto Suthat , Ngoen-Klan Ratchadawan , Meunworn Vithee , Kongmee Monthathip , Hii Jeffrey , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Mosquito surveillance is critical for actively tracking the location and monitoring population levels and the threat of mosquito-borne disease. Although light-emitting diodes (LEDs) light traps have grown in popularity, there is still a limited understanding of the application of light wavelengths for trapping nocturnally active wild mosquitoes in forest ecotypes. This study evaluated the performance of different UV wavelengths in trapping mosquito populations in a forested mountainous area in Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. Traps with different UV wavelengths were deployed in 6 locations, following a 6 × 6 Latin square replicated 6 times over a total of 36 nights. Light traps were operated between 18:00 and 06:00 h from October 2022 to August 2023. Mosquitoes were separately collected from individual traps every 4 h at 22.00, 2.00, and 6.00 h. Mosquitoes were killed by placing in a freezer (− 20 °C) for at least 30 min and then were morphologically identified using illustrated keys for adult females. Traps fitted with the LED 365 wavelength light source were the most effective in capturing 790 (23.66%) of the total mosquitoes collected, followed by the UV fluorescent 632 (18.93%), with the other 4 LED wavelengths collecting between 16.89% (LED 385) and 12.64% (LED 375) of the mosquitoes. Culex was the most common genus, representing 56.00% of total mosquito abundance. LED 365 and LED 385 were comparable to the UV fluorescent traps (the standard reference). Optimal trapping times were during 18:00–22:00 h. Compared to the other wavelengths, LED 365 was significantly more effective at capturing Coquillettidia and Culex mosquitoes than the UV-based traps.
A Pilot Study of Minority, Beginning, and Young Logging Business Owners in the Carolinas and Surrounding States, USA
Authors: Khadka Shubhechchha , Hiesl Patrick , Timilsina Nilesh , Hagan Donald L , Conrad Joseph L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The logging industry in the United States faces a demographic shift with aging owners and a decline in intergenerational business transfers. This pilot study explores the potential for new businesses led by minority groups, beginning loggers, and young entrepreneurs in the southeastern United States. Interviews with nine minority, beginning, and young (MBY) logging business owners and four forestry/logging associations uncovered challenges, including high startup costs, limited access to financing and funds, difficulty hiring skilled workers, low profit margins, and a lack of established professional networks. These MBY loggers are well educated and exhibit productive businesses, with an average investment of between $100,000 and $499,999. Proposed solutions to help more MBY logging business owners get started encompass government grants, low-interest loans, marketing initiatives, and legislative measures. Results are limited, and this study serves as a first glimpse into MBY logging business owners’ challenges; additional attention is needed for this population of logging business owners.
Study Implications: Understanding the present status and challenges faced by minority, beginning, and young (MBY) logging business owners is instrumental for the industry, as the trend of intergenerational logging business transfer is declining. The study’s results suggest that support from the forest products industry and the government, such as government grants, low-interest loans, and strategic marketing, can enhance the sustainability of MBY logging businesses. These measures, coupled with legislative support, could help to address immediate challenges, such as high startup costs, and lay the groundwork for fostering a resilient logging industry.
Are shade tolerance and canopy gradient affecting twig-leaf trait scaling relationships in temperate forests?
Authors: Zeng Tao , Fan Hongkun , Jin Guangze , Liu Zhili 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Scaling relationships among twig size, leaf size and leafing intensity is pivotal in understanding plant resource allocation and carbon investment strategies. However, it remained unclear how these relationships might maintain stability across genetic traits (shade tolerance) and canopy gradients (microclimates). We investigated eight different shade-tolerant tree species within five mixed broad-leaved-Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forests in Northeast China. Employing linear mixed-effects models and phylogenetically independent contrasts, we examined the scaling relationships between twig-leaf size and leafing intensity. Shade tolerance altered the scaling relationships between twig and leaf size, as well as leafing intensity. We discovered that the scaling relationships between twig cross-sectional area and individual leaf area, leafing intensity and between individual leaf mass and leafing intensity were allometric (slope ≠ −1 or 1). However, the relationship between individual leaf area and individual leaf mass was isometric (slope = 1). Moreover, these scaling relationships exhibited consistent trends across canopy gradients, with shade tolerance playing a critical role in the coordinated evolution of twigs and leaves across these gradients. These results emphasized the significant role of shade tolerance in coordinating the covariation patterns between plant leaves and twigs, adopting conservative strategies in heterogeneous microclimates.
The Utilization of Echocardiography in Children With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Bui Richard , Sommer Lauren M , Walther Meghan , Hulten Kristina G , Vallejo Jesus G , Kaplan Sheldon L , McNeil J Chase 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The need for echocardiography in pediatric Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) remains uncertain. We reviewed 331 pediatric SAB cases. Nine subjects, all with comorbidities, met the echocardiogram criteria for infective endocarditis (IE). IE was associated with congenital heart disease and prolonged bacteremia, suggesting that echocardiography is unnecessary in most children with SAB.
Understanding acute chyloperitoneum in appendicitis: case report and literature review
Authors: Bazuhair Abdulaziz A , AlSubeai Hessa S , AlKhardawi Sarah H , AlKhlaiwy Omar Y , Alkhums Khaldoon A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chyloperitoneum is the presence of chyle in the peritoneal cavity. This study focuses on acute chyloperitoneum, a rare condition with an unclear incidence due to limited number of reported cases in the literature. Here, we present a 24-year-old Saudi female with chyloperitoneum diagnosed intraoperatively during a laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis that was managed successfully with a low-fat diet and drainage, alongside a literature review to elucidate the condition’s pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. A conservative management approach is recommended for acute chyloperitoneum in the context of appendicitis, this includes intraperitoneal drainage, appendectomy when needed, and careful observation. Our proposed management strategy aligns with findings from the literature review and supports conservative management as a safe and effective treatment modality for this rare condition.
A Quantitative Computational Framework for Allopolyploid Single-Cell Data Integration and Core Gene Ranking in Development
Authors: Wang Meiyue , Li Zijuan , Wang Haoyu , Zhao Junwei , Zhang Yuyun , Lin Kande , Zheng Shusong , Feng Yilong , Zhang Yu'e , Teng Wan , Tong Yiping , Zhang Wenli , Xue Yongbiao , Mao Hude , Li Hao , Zhang Bo , Rasheed Awais , Bhavani Sridhar , Liu Chenghong , Ling Hong-Qing , Hu Yue-Qing , Zhang Yijing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Polyploidization drives regulatory and phenotypic innovation. How the merger of different genomes contributes to polyploid development is a fundamental issue in evolutionary developmental biology and breeding research. Clarifying this issue is challenging because of genome complexity and the difficulty in tracking stochastic subgenome divergence during development. Recent single-cell sequencing techniques enabled probing subgenome-divergent regulation in the context of cellular differentiation. However, analyzing single-cell data suffers from high error rates due to high dimensionality, noise, and sparsity, and the errors stack up in polyploid analysis due to the increased dimensionality of comparisons between subgenomes of each cell, hindering deeper mechanistic understandings. In this study, we develop a quantitative computational framework, called “pseudo-genome divergence quantification” (pgDQ), for quantifying and tracking subgenome divergence directly at the cellular level. Further comparing with cellular differentiation trajectories derived from single-cell RNA sequencing data allows for an examination of the relationship between subgenome divergence and the progression of development. pgDQ produces robust results and is insensitive to data dropout and noise, avoiding high error rates due to multiple comparisons of genes, cells, and subgenomes. A statistical diagnostic approach is proposed to identify genes that are central to subgenome divergence during development, which facilitates the integration of different data modalities, enabling the identification of factors and pathways that mediate subgenome-divergent activity during development. Case studies have demonstrated that applying pgDQ to single-cell and bulk tissue transcriptomic data promotes a systematic and deeper understanding of how dynamic subgenome divergence contributes to developmental trajectories in polyploid evolution.
Multimodal deep learning improves recurrence risk prediction in pediatric low-grade gliomas
Authors: Mahootiha Maryamalsadat , Tak Divyanshu , Ye Zezhong , Zapaishchykova Anna , Likitlersuang Jirapat , Climent Pardo Juan Carlos , Boyd Aidan , Vajapeyam Sridhar , Chopra Rishi , Prabhu Sanjay P , Liu Kevin X , Elhalawani Hesham , Nabavizadeh Ali , Familiar Ariana , Mueller Sabine , Aerts Hugo J W L , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Ligon Keith L , Haas-Kogan Daphne , Poussaint Tina Y , Qadir Hemin Ali , Balasingham Ilangko , Kann Benjamin H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Postoperative recurrence risk for pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) is challenging to predict by conventional clinical, radiographic, and genomic factors. We investigated if deep learning (DL) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tumor features could improve postoperative pLGG risk stratification.

Methods
We used a pretrained DL tool designed for pLGG segmentation to extract pLGG imaging features from preoperative T2-weighted MRI from patients who underwent surgery (DL-MRI features). Patients were pooled from 2 institutions: Dana Farber/Boston Children’s Hospital (DF/BCH) and the Children’s Brain Tumor Network (CBTN). We trained 3 DL logistic hazard models to predict postoperative event-free survival (EFS) probabilities with (1) clinical features, (2) DL-MRI features, and (3) multimodal (clinical and DL-MRI features). We evaluated the models with a time-dependent Concordance Index (Ctd) and risk group stratification with Kaplan–Meier plots and log-rank tests. We developed an automated pipeline integrating pLGG segmentation and EFS prediction with the best model.

Results
Of the 396 patients analyzed (median follow-up: 85 months, range: 1.5–329 months), 214 (54%) underwent gross total resection and 110 (28%) recurred. The multimodal model improved EFS prediction compared to the DL-MRI and clinical models (Ctd: 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81–0.93), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.88), and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.57–0.77), respectively). The multimodal model improved risk-group stratification (3-year EFS for predicted high-risk: 31% versus low-risk: 92%, P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
DL extracts imaging features that can inform postoperative recurrence prediction for pLGG. Multimodal DL improves postoperative risk stratification for pLGG and may guide postoperative decision-making. Larger, multicenter training data may be needed to improve model generalizability.
Freedom of speech on campus
Authors: Marcoci Alexandru , Oprea Alexandra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
What should be the rules governing campus speech in a liberal democratic society? On one side are those arguing for maximal protections for campus speech analogous to the First Amendment in the United States. On the other are those promoting stricter regulation of speech through formal and informal speech codes. This paper aims to carve a new path in the conversation. Both sides agree that the mission of the university is the discovery and dissemination of knowledge and that achieving this mission requires tolerant and open-minded students, faculty, and administrators. However, neither side has explicitly connected its advocacy for specific speech policies with these shared goals. Our paper advances the conversation by proposing a series of empirically testable mechanisms for connecting speech policies to the desired outcomes. We also argue that focusing on these mechanisms opens the way towards new and more tractable conceptual and normative debates.