bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nurse and the theme of leprosy in the school context: case studies
Authors: Pinheiro Mônica Gisele Costa , Medeiros Ilana Barros Gomes , Monteiro Akemi Iwata , Simpson Clélia Albino 
Published: August 2015

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de escolares sobre a hanseníase e proporcionar ações de educação em saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um como descritivo, uma vez que descreve a experiência vivenciada por graduandos de enfermagem durante a execução de uma atividade de extensão focada na realização de diálogos relacionados à hanseníase, como forma de educação e promoção da saúde. Foram considerados os princípios éticos da pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos, e após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, sob parecer nº 072/09 e CAAE 00780051000-09, a pesquisa foi iniciada. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que as atividades de educação em saúde, dirigidas aos escolares, com ênfase na hanseníase, são de fundamental importância, pois denotam a apropriação de conhecimento relacionado à doença. Conclusão: O empedramento sobre hanseníase pode contribuir com a disseminação de tais conhecimentos, visto que os escolares poderão se sentir instigados a divulgar as informações a outras pessoas, como familiares. Descritores: Enfermagem, Educação em Saúde, Hanseníase.
Mapa de risco como instrumento para a identificação de riscos ocupacionais: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Sobral da Silva Monteiro Gicely Regina , Sobral da Silva Mirely Eunice , Oliveira Regina Célia de 
Published: August 2015

Objetivo: Investigar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre as elaborações de mapa de riscos; descrever os riscos ocupacionais abordados nas produções científicas e as medidas de prevenção e proteção à saúde do trabalhador. Método: Revisão de literatura integrativa. Foram realizadas buscas de artigos científicos publicados na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), nas bases de dados LILACS, SCIELO e BDENF, selecionados artigos dos últimos 10 anos, na íntegra, em português, que contivessem os descritores e respondessem ao objetivo do estudo. Resultados: A análise temática de conteúdo identificou duas categorias: Mapa de risco: definições e contribuições; Medidas de prevenção às doenças e agravos visando à promoção à saúde dos profissionais, com duas subcategorias: Ambiente Hospitalar e Atenção Primária à Saúde. Conclusão: O mapeamento é importante para facilitar a identificação dos riscos e elaboração de medidas importantes de promoção à saúde do trabalhador.
Exploring the mineralogical heterogeneities of the Louisville Seamount Trail
Authors: Dorais Michael J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDiopside phenocrysts of the Louisville Seamount Trail show an increase in Ti, Al, and Na with decreasing Mg/(Mg + Fe) as is typical for clinopyroxene in alkalic basalts. Chondrite‐normalized REE patterns of calculated liquids from LA‐ICPMS analyses are comparable to whole‐rock and glass values. Exceptions are clinopyroxene crystals from the Rigil Seamount, the second oldest seamount drilled at the northern end of the chain. Some crystals from this site are strongly zoned with distinct compositional boundaries between cores and mantles. The cores have high Mg/(Mg + Fe) and low Al and Ti concentrations compared to the mantles and phenocrysts. Major element, clinopyroxene discrimination diagrams indicate that the clinopyroxene mantles and phenocrysts crystallized from alkalic basalts. In contrast, the Mg‐rich cores have tholeiitic affinities. The REE abundances of the cores are similar to that of clinopyroxene from transitional tholeiites of the Kerguelen Archipelago. Calculated liquid La/Yb values for the cores have ratios that are similar to transitional tholeiites in Hawaii, whereas the mantles have higher La/Yb values similar to Hawaiian alkalic basalts. The major and trace element compositions of clinopyroxene cores from the Rigil seamount suggest that a transitional tholeiitic magma was present, but no evidence for Hawaiian shield‐type tholeiites was found. Plagioclase crystals from the Rigil seamount have 86Sr/86Sr from 0.70306 to 0.70363, within the range of FOZO. The transitional tholeiitic signature of the Mg‐rich clinopyroxene cores probably did not have a distinct source compared to other Louisville magmas, but more likely indicates a higher degree of partial melting (2–5%) of that FOZO source.
Theoretical basis for at‐many‐stations hydraulic geometry
Authors: Gleason Colin J. , Wang Jida 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAt‐many‐stations hydraulic geometry (AMHG) is a recently discovered set of geomorphic relationships showing that the empirical parameters of at‐a‐station hydraulic geometry (AHG) are functionally related along a river. This empirical conclusion seemingly refutes previous decades of research defining AHG as spatially independent and site specific. Furthermore, AMHG was the centerpiece of an unprecedented recent methodology that successfully estimated river discharge solely from satellite imagery. Despite these important implications, AMHG has remained an empirical phenomenon without theoretical explanation. Here we provide the mathematical basis for AMHG, showing that it arises when independent AHG curves within a reach intersect near the same values of discharge and width, depth, or velocity. The strength of observed AMHG is determined by the degree of this convergence. Finally, we show that AMHG enables discharge estimation by defining a set of possible estimated discharges that often match true discharges and propose its future interpretation as a fluvial index.
Ionospheric response to infrasonic‐acoustic waves generated by natural hazard events
Authors: Zettergren M. D. , Snively J. B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRecent measurements of GPS‐derived total electron content (TEC) reveal acoustic wave periods of ∼1–4 min in the F region ionosphere following natural hazard events, such as earthquakes, severe weather, and volcanoes. Here we simulate the ionospheric responses to infrasonic‐acoustic waves, generated by vertical accelerations at the Earth's surface or within the lower atmosphere, using a compressible atmospheric dynamics model to perturb a multifluid ionospheric model. Response dependencies on wave source geometry and spectrum are investigated at middle, low, and equatorial latitudes. Results suggest constraints on wave amplitudes that are consistent with observations and that provide insight on the geographical variability of TEC signatures and their dependence on the geometry of wave velocity field perturbations relative to the ambient geomagnetic field. Asymmetries of responses poleward and equatorward from the wave sources indicate that electron perturbations are enhanced on the equatorward side while field aligned currents are driven principally on the poleward side, due to alignments of acoustic wave velocities parallel and perpendicular to field lines, respectively. Acoustic‐wave‐driven TEC perturbations are shown to have periods of ∼3–4 min, which are consistent with the fraction of the spectrum that remains following strong dissipation throughout the thermosphere. Furthermore, thermospheric acoustic waves couple with ion sound waves throughout the F region and topside ionosphere, driving plasma disturbances with similar periods and faster phase speeds. The associated magnetic perturbations of the simulated waves are calculated to be observable and may provide new observational insight in addition to that provided by GPS TEC measurements.
Forest soil carbon oxidation state and oxidative ratio responses to elevated CO2
Authors: Hockaday William C. , Gallagher Morgan E. , Masiello Caroline A. , Baldock Jeffrey A. , Iversen Colleen M. , Norby Richard J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe oxidative ratio (OR) of the biosphere is the stoichiometric ratio (O2/CO2) of gas exchange by photosynthesis and respiration—a key parameter in budgeting calculations of the land and ocean carbon sinks. Carbon cycle‐climate feedbacks could alter the OR of the biosphere by affecting the quantity and quality of organic matter in plant biomass and soil carbon pools. This study considers the effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) on the OR of a hardwood forest after nine growing seasons of Free‐Air CO2Enrichment. We measured changes in the carbon oxidation state (Cox) of biomass and soil carbon pools as a proxy for the ecosystem OR. The OR of net primary production, 1.039, was not affected by elevated [CO2]. However, the Coxof the soil carbon pool was 40% higher at elevated [CO2], and the estimated OR values for soil respiration increased from 1.006 at ambient [CO2] to 1.054 at elevated [CO2]. A biochemical inventory of the soil organic matter ascribed the increases in Coxand OR to faster turnover of reduced substrates, lignin and lipids, at elevated [CO2]. This implicates the heterotrophic soil community response to elevated [CO2] as a driver of disequilibrium in the ecosystem OR. The oxidation of soil carbon pool constitutes an unexpected terrestrial O2sink. Carbon budgets constructed under the assumption of OR equilibrium would equate such a terrestrial O2sink to CO2uptake by the ocean. The potential for climate‐driven disequilibriua in the cycling of O2and CO2warrants further investigation.
Tiwanaku influence and social inequality: A bioarchaeological, biogeochemical, and contextual analysis of the Larache cemetery, San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile
Authors: Torres‐Rouff Christina , Knudson Kelly J. , Pestle William J. , Stovel Emily M. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the relationship between the Tiwanaku polity and the individuals buried at the Middle Horizon (∼AD500‐1000) cemetery of Larache in northern Chile, a site that has been singled out as a potential elite foreign enclave.Materials and MethodsWe explore this association through the skeletal remains of 48 individuals interred at the cemetery of Larache using bioarchaeological, biogeochemical, and artifactual evidence. Data from cranial modification practices, violent injury, and the mortuary assemblage are used to explore culturally constructed elements of status and identity, radiogenic strontium isotope analyses provide us with a perspective on the geographic origins of these individuals, and stable carbon and nitrogen analyses allow discussion of paleodiet and access to resources.ResultsRadiogenic strontium isotope values show the presence of multiple first generation migrants at Larache. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data reveal significant differences among individuals. The mortuary context reveals a standard pattern for the oases but also includes a series of unusual burials with abundant gold and few other objects. Interestingly, both local and nonlocal individuals with different head shapes had access to the differentiated burial context; however nonlocal individuals appear to be the only ones with a heavily maize‐based diet.ConclusionsOur evidence shows that Larache served as a burial place for a diverse, yet culturally integrated and potentially elite segment of the Atacameño population, but not a foreign enclave as had been postulated. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:592–606, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CO Oxidation Promoted by the Gold Dimer in Au2VO3− and Au2VO4− Clusters
Authors: Wang Li‐Na , Li Zi‐Yu , Liu Qing‐Yu , Meng Jing‐Heng , He Sheng‐Gui , Ma Tong‐Mei 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInvestigations on the reactivity of atomic clusters have led to the identification of the elementary steps involved in catalytic CO oxidation, a prototypical reaction in heterogeneous catalysis. The atomic oxygen species O.− and O2− bonded to early‐transition‐metal oxide clusters have been shown to oxidize CO. This study reports that when an Au2 dimer is incorporated within the cluster, the molecular oxygen species O22− bonded to vanadium can be activated to oxidize CO under thermal collision conditions. The gold dimer was doped into Au2VO4− cluster ions which then reacted with CO in an ion‐trap reactor to produce Au2VO3− and then Au2VO2−. The dynamic nature of gold in terms of electron storage and release promotes CO oxidation and OO bond reduction. The oxidation of CO by atomic clusters in this study parallels similar behavior reported for the oxidation of CO by supported gold catalysts.
Säurevermittelte Bildung von Radikalen oder Baeyer‐Villiger‐Oxidation, ausgehend von Criegee‐Addukten
Authors: Schweitzer‐Chaput Bertrand , Kurtén Theo , Klussmann Martin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDie säurevermittelte Reaktion von Ketonen mit Hydroperoxiden führt zur Bildung von Radikalen. Dieser Prozess verläuft unter ähnlichen Reaktionsbedingungen wie die Baeyer‐Villiger‐Oxidation, aber das Ergebnis ähnelt der Bildung von Hydroxylradikalen durch Ozonolyse von Olefinen in der Atmosphäre. Während die Baeyer‐Villiger‐Oxidation bevorzugt Persäuren verwendet, um aus Ketonen Ester zu bilden, kondensieren Alkylhydroperoxide und H2O2 mit Ketonen zu Alkenylperoxiden, die rasch homolytisch zerfallen. Beide Reaktionen verlaufen wahrscheinlich über Criegee‐Addukte, wobei die elektronischen Eigenschaften der Peroxidreste den weiteren Reaktionspfad bestimmen. DFT‐Rechnungen und experimentelle Befunde stützen die These, dass, anders als bisher angenommen, die Baeyer‐Villiger‐Reaktion mit Hydroperoxiden und Wasserstoffperoxid nicht grundsätzlich schwierig ist, die alternative Radikalbildung jedoch stärker bevorzugt wird.
Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) of a Cubic Metal Cluster with Multicentered MnIMnI Bonds
Authors: Hu Huan‐Cheng , Hu Han‐Shi , Zhao Bin , Cui Ping , Cheng Peng , Li Jun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMOFs with both multicentered metal–metal bonds and low‐oxidation‐state (LOS) metal ions have been underexplored hitherto. Here we report the first cubic [MnI8] cluster‐based MOF (1) with multicentered MnIMnI bonds and +1 oxidation state of manganese (MnI or Mn(I)), as is supported by single‐crystal structure determination, XPS analyses, and quantum chemical studies. Compound 1 possesses the shortest MnIMnI bond of 2.372 Å. Theoretical studies with density functional theory (DFT) reveal extensive electron delocalization over the [MnI8] cube. The 48 electrons in the [MnI8] cube fully occupy half of the 3d‐based and the lowest 4s‐based bonding orbitals, with six electrons lying at the nonbonding 3d‐orbitals. This bonding feature renders so‐called cubic aromaticity. Magnetic properties measurements show that 1 is an antiferromagnet. This work is expected to inspire further investigation of cubic metal–metal bonding, MOF materials with LOS metals, and metalloaromatic theory.
The flame‐retardant properties and mechanisms of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/hexakis (para‐allyloxyphenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene systems
Authors: Li Jiawei , Pan Feng , Zeng Xiandong , Xu Hong , Zhang Linping , Zhong Yi , Sui Xiaofeng , Mao Zhiping 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPara‐allyl ether phenol derivative of cyclophosphazene (PACP) was prepared and used as a filler to modify the flame‐retardant properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by melting‐blending. The mechanism of flame‐retardant was discussed and the influences of flame‐retardant contents to the mechanical properties were studied. The results revealed that the incorporation of only 5 phpp PACP (0.37 wt % phosphorus containing) into PET matrix can distinctly increase the flame retardancy of PET/PACP composition, and it has a little effect on the mechanical properties of PET. The high flame‐retardant performance of PET/PACP composite was attributed to the combination of condensed‐phase flame retardant and gas‐phase flame retardant. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42711.
Preparation and properties of high‐performance recyclable ethylene propylene diene rubber
Authors: Kim Jung‐Soo , Bae Jong‐Woo , Lee Jin‐Hyok , Lee Young‐Hee , Kim Han‐Do 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTTo obtain high‐performance recyclable ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), EPDM was chemically functionalized as follows: EPDM was grafted with citraconic acid (CCA) by radical melt polymerization to produce a grafted EPDM (EPDM‐g‐CCA), and EPDM‐g‐CCA was reacted with various amino acids by melt condensation reaction to give amidated copolymers (EPDM‐g‐CCA‐2‐Am, EPDM‐g‐CCA‐7‐Am, and EPDM‐g‐CCA‐12‐Am, where the n indicates the carbon number of amino acid), and then ionomers (EPDM‐g‐CCA/n‐Am/Io) were prepared by melt reaction of EPDM‐g‐CCA/n‐Ams with Zinc oxide (ZnO)/zinc stearate (ZnSt). The mechanical properties/compression set (CS) resistance (elasticity)/recyclability of pristine EPDM, EPDM‐g‐CCA, EPDM‐g‐CCA/n‐Am, and ionomers sheet samples were compared. The tensile strength/modulus, tear strength, and elasticity of samples were mostly increased in the order of ionomers>EPDM‐g‐CCA/n‐Ams>EPDM‐g‐CCA>pristine EPDM. The properties of ionomers increased significantly with increasing the carbon number in amino acid up to seven, and then levelled off or decreased a little. The tensile strength/elasticity (compression set resistance) of recyclable ionomer (EPDM‐g‐CCA/7‐Am/Io) was found to be ∼9.42/∼2.31 times of pristine EPDM, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42718.
One pot blending of biopolymer‐TiO2 composite membranes with enhanced mechanical strength
Authors: Huang Zhonghua , Li Weijing , Liu Zhengli , Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTA biopolymer‐TiO2 composite membrane was prepared by blending of N‐[(2‐hydroxy‐3‐trimethylammonium) propyl] chloride chitosan and cellulose acetate with nano‐TiO2 particles as the introduced inorganic components. It was verified that the amino groups (NH2) of chitosan (CTS) were partly grafted by stronger hydrophilic group 
according to the 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of N‐[(2‐hydroxy‐3‐trimethylammonium) propyl] chloride chitosan and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The structure, microcosmic morphology, water flux, swelling properties, and thermal stability of the composite membranes were characterized. With the mass ratio of cellulose acetate to CTS being 50 wt %, the mole ratio of CTS to glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride being 1 : 1, and drying temperature being 60°C in 70% acetic acid, the formed biopolymer‐TiO2 composite membranes exhibited enhanced mechanical strength (84.29 MPa), lower swelling degree (101.36%), and improved antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli (Rosetta and DH5α) and Gram‐positive Bacillus subtilis. The existence of nano‐TiO2 particles and the introduction of stronger cationic group synergistically improved the antibacterial properties of the biopolymer‐TiO2 composite membranes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42732.
Development of the Superaltricial Monk Parakeet (Aves, Psittaciformes): Embryo Staging, Growth, and Heterochronies
Authors: Carril Julieta , Tambussi Claudia P. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTKnowledge about the embryonic stages of birds is important in answering many questions about development and evolution. We give the first description of 41 embryological stages of the monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) on the basis of external morphology and comparison with the chicken. We also provide measurements of some external morphological characters (i.e. body mass, crown‐rump, beak, forelimb, and third toe lengths) and perform comparisons with other precocial and altricial birds with the aim of identifying heterochronous developmental features. The following differences in the development of characters in the monk parakeet when compared with other birds were found: (1) delay of the feathers primordia, (2) wing buds initially greater than leg buds, (3) forelimbs and hindlimbs with similar relative size, (4) retroversion of the toe IV, (5) ventral curvature of the upper jaw, (6) positive regressions between stages and beak length with acceleration and higher values and III toe lengths with deceleration and lower values in the monk parakeet compared to the chicken. The growth pattern of the monk paraket Myiopsitta monachus could be influenced by some heterochronic processes like post‐displacement, acceleration and/or deceleration. Results of this research allow the standard identification of stages in different species of parrots, recognize similarities and differences between precocial (the chicken) and altricial species (Myiopsitta), and provide planning data for future studies. Anat Rec, 298:1836–1847, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta-analysis comparing early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Wu X -D , Tian X , Liu M -M , Wu L , Zhao S , Zhao L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background
Previous studies comparing early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) with delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) for acute cholecystitis were incomplete. A meta-analysis was undertaken to compare the cost-effectiveness, quality of life, safety and effectiveness of ELC versus DLC.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared ELC (performed within 7 days of symptom onset) with DLC (undertaken at least 1 week after symptoms had subsided) for acute cholecystitis.

Results
Sixteen studies reporting on 15 RCTs comprising 1625 patients were included. Compared with DLC, ELC was associated with lower hospital costs, fewer work days lost (mean difference (MD) –11·07 (95 per cent c.i. –16·21 to −5·94) days; P &lt; 0·001), higher patient satisfaction and quality of life, lower risk of wound infection (relative risk 0·65, 95 per cent c.i. 0·47 to 0·91; P = 0·01) and shorter hospital stay (MD −3·38 (−4·23 to −2·52) days; P &lt; 0·001), but a longer duration of operation (MD 11·12 (4·57 to 17·67) min; P &lt; 0·001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in mortality, bile duct injury, bile leakage, conversion to open cholecystectomy or overall complications.

Conclusion
For patients with acute cholecystitis, ELC appears as safe and effective as DLC. ELC might be associated with lower hospital costs, fewer work days lost, and greater patient satisfaction.
Diterpene Constituents of Euphorbia exigua L. and Multidrug Resistance Reversing Activity of the Isolated Diterpenes
Authors: Rédei Dóra , Boros Klára , Forgo Peter , Molnár Joseph , Kele Zoltán , Pálinkó István , Pinke Gyula , Hohmann Judit 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract obtained from the aerial parts of the annual weed Euphorbia exigua L. resulted in the isolation of two novel (1, 2) and one known (3) jatrophane diterpenes. Their structures were established by extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy and HR‐ESI‐MS. The isolated compounds were evaluated for multidrug resistance (MDR) reversing activity on human MDR gene‐transfected L5178 mouse lymphoma cells; and all three compounds were found to modulate the intracellular drug accumulation.
Lupane‐ and Friedelane‐Type Triterpenoids from Celastrus stylosus
Authors: Ying You‐Min , Li Cui‐Yu , Chen Yan , Xiang Jia‐Gui , Fang Ling , Yao Jian‐Biao , Wang Fa‐Song , Wang Ru‐Wei , Shan Wei‐Guang , Zhan Zha‐Jun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTwo new triterpenoids, 30‐hydroxylup‐20(29)‐ene 3β‐caffeate (1) and 24‐nor‐friedelan‐6α,10‐dihydroxy‐1,2‐dioxo‐4,7‐dien‐29‐oic acid (2), together with eight known compounds 3–10, were isolated from the roots of Celastrus stylosus. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first study on the chemical constituents of C. stylosus. The antiproliferative activities of the triterpenoids against six human cancer cell lines (PANC‐1, A549, PC‐3, HepG2, SGC‐7901, and HCCLM3) were evaluated. Compounds 3, 4, and 10 exhibited comparable activities against PC‐3 and HCCLM3 cell lines as the positive control taxol.