bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GERIATRICS AS SEEN BY THE PHYSIATRIST*
Authors: Lorenze Edward J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn important part of geriatric medicine is rehabilitation, ranging from the prevention and early detection of disease or injury to restoration of the patient to his highest possible functional level. The basic step toward this objective is a thorough evaluation of all the factors involved, so that realistic goals may be set.Evaluation is discussed under the headings of psychological status and physical status (including the cardiac, peripheral vascular, nervous and musculoskeletal systems). Special attention is given to certain disorders affecting ambulation—hemiplegia, hip fracture, and arthritis of the lower extremities. The syndrome of musculoskeletal failure consists of joint deformities and disabilities that have developed because of several mild pathological states acting in combination. Since it is one of the most common forms of disability, it should always be considered in any program of rehabilitative therapy.
AMELIORATION OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Priddle W. W. , Liu S. F. , Breithaupt D. J. , Grant P. G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA study was made of the residents of Metropolitan Toronto Homes for the Aged attending the Cardiovascular Clinic of the Geriatric Center for the period 1963–1967, who had a systolic blood pressure as high as 180 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure as high as 100 mm on at least two occasions. These 183 patients were classified into two groups: (a) 100 who were treated for hypertension chiefly by thiazide drugs, and (b) 83 who were not treated for hypertension. These two groups were comparable in regard to age, blood pressure, associated diseases and causes of death.For those treated with small doses of thiazide, the mortality rate was about half the rate for the untreated group. Although the findings are based on a small sample (183 persons, 560 life‐years, and 78 deaths), they suggest that even a slight reduction of high blood pressure by thiazide therapy in the elderly population studied was associated with a lower rate of mortality than in a similar group of persons who did not receive thiazides.
THIORIDAZINE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GERIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: Ahmed Aftab 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA five‐week study of thioridazine therapy was made in 14 geriatric patients with arteriosclerotic or “senile” disorders. The initial dosage was 75 mg daily, increased by 25 mg daily at weekly intervals. Mental alertness was preserved and no side‐effects were noted, in contrast results with some of the tranquilizers previously used by the patients.Tranquilizers have an important role in the management of geriatric patients. Thioridazine seems particularly suited for use in senile agitated states, for the control of symptoms while carrying out a positive programme of rehabilitation.
THE PERSONAL PHYSICIAN, THE PSYCHIATRIST, THE FAMILY, AND THE OLDER PATIENT*
Authors: Thompson Prescott W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe provision of mental health services for the elderly is an urgent problem. There are too few psychiatrists for the task and there is great difficulty regarding their availability for such services. There should be better working relationships between psychiatrists and other physicians. In addition, close members of the patient's family should be effectively involved in the treatment situation. Some illustrative cases are present.Older people with serious problems can be helped substantially. The fundamental attitudes involve respect for the individual and for the difficulties inevitably encountered in trying to help him. Understanding, concern, and respect—these three. And the greatest of these—and the hardest to come by—is understanding.
FACTORS INFLUENCING IN VITRO TESTS OF THYROID FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Rosin Arnold J. , Farran Helen E. A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDeterminations of erythrocyte or resin I131‐triiodothyronine (T3) uptake and the serum protein‐bound iodine (PBI) concentration were made in 39 elderly patients on a geriatric ward and (for controls) on 20 relatively healthy residents of an old people's home.Difficulties in interpretation of these two tests of thyroid function may arise from a quantitative or qualitative alteration in thyroxine binding to protein. Some circumstances in which these test findings were altered in old people in the absence of clinical evidence of thyroid abnormality included accidental hypothermia, infections and the ingestion of certain drugs commonly used in geriatric practice, e.g., anabolic steroids. Results of the resin T3 uptake test were also more variable in elderly hospital patients than in normal old or young people. The changes in thyroxine binding by protein during administration of anabolic steroids were not due to competitive binding but to a reversible reduction in the amount of thyroxine‐binding protein.When determinations of thyroid function by in vitro tests are questionable, the free‐thyroxine index (the product of the T3 uptake and the PBI level) gives a true assessment of thyroid status.
THE TEAM APPROACH IN THE REHABILITATON OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: Handy Imena A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe organization and problems of a therapeutic team on a geriatric psychiatric ward are discussed. The growing recognition of mental hospitals as social systems has impressed upon the staffs the effect of the hospital itself on patients and families, quite apart from psychotherapy, drugs, occupational therapy and other specialized experiences. The mental hospital needs a profound social re‐orientation. The sociotherapeutic model requires that all disciplines rally to the task and decide what social factors can really help the patients. At the medical and nursing levels, sociotherapeutic principles should be clearly formulated. This is the best way to dispense with status problems, to utilize all available resources, to provide for staff growth, and to offer the patients the best opportunity for improvement.
THE GASTROCAMERA AS A DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENT FOR GERIATRIC PATIENTS*
Authors: Schuman Bernard M. , Carandang Napoleon , Priest Robert J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOne hundred and ten patients aged 65 or older were examined with the gastrocamera (color photographs) because of radiologically diagnosed or suspected disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The gastrocamera pictures confirmed the 31 radiologically identified ulcers in 52 per cent of the cases. Radiologically suspected gastric cancers were confirmed in all 5 cases. In the 24 patients with uncertain radiologic findings, the gastrocamera revealed 4 ulcers, 3 polyps and 2 cases of gastritis; the rest had normal stomachs. The color photographs were especially useful in the diagnosis of gastritis. The procedure, when properly performed, is well tolerated and safe for geriatric patients.
THE EXTENDED CARE FACILITY AT MOUNT SINAI CITY HOSPITAL CENTER, ELMHURST, NEW YORK: THREE‐YEAR EXPERIENCE*
Authors: Libow L. S. , Viola R. M. , Stein M. F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractExtended care facilities are much discussed but too little supported. The ECF should be quite different from a nursing home or a home for the elderly. It is best located in or near a general hospital where it may serve as an excellent center for teaching and research in the problems (medical, social or psychiatric) of the older ill patient. More importantly, it provides a final opportunity for many borderline patients to recover enough mental and physical strength to return to comunity life and thus avoid unnecessary lifelong confinement in an institution. The ECF should be a lifeline for the older patient, and a control center for the medical‐care system in helping to determine how the patient is to spend his remaining years.
A MULTIDISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATION OF NEUROSURGICAL REHABILITATION IN BILATERAL PARKINSONISM*
Authors: Cooper Irving S. , Riklan Manuel , Stellar Stanley , Waltz Joseph M. , Levita Eric , Ribera Victor A. , Zimmerman Jane 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis report concerns the authors' findings on the effect of thalamic surgery (particularly cryothalamectomy) in bilateral parkinsonism, not only from the viewpoint of neurosurgery but from that of several other disciplines, e.g., physical therapy, speech therapy, psychology, and vocational rehabilitation—in both the immediate postoperative and long‐range situations. The purpose of the investigation was to gain more knowledge concerning the treatment of parkinsonism and the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, and also the relationship between behavioral disturbances and alterations in the subcortical regions of the brain.Details are given in five chapters entitled respectively: Background, Patients and Procedures, Results, Discussion and Implications, and Significant Findings for the Rehabilitation Worker. The conclusions, outlined in the fifth chapter, are:Bilateral tremor and rigidity can be relieved by bilateral cryothalamectomy in most parkinsonian patients who are properly selected for surgery.Symptomatic relief is significantly related to improvement in self‐care ability, functional status and return to gainful employment.The work‐lives of preoperatively employed parkinsonian patients may be extended by surgical treatment combined with postoperative rehabilitation services. Preoperatively unemployed or disabled patients require more intensive postoperative treatment and vocational rehabilitation.Long‐range postoperative therapy can be of great assistance for patients with postoperative sequelae such as difficulties with balance and speech, and decreased activation.The preoperative psychological, neurological and vocational status of the parkinsonian patient is the single most important factor in predicting the overall outcome of thalamic surgery, particularly with reference to functional and vocational status. Therefore there should be greater emphasis on improvements in surgical techniques and in the criteria for selection of patients. Patients who undergo surgery early in the course of the disease have a greater chance for functional and vocational adequacy.The importance of follow‐up programs involving physical therapy and vocational counseling cannot be overestimated. Additional programs of education and communication should be started in cooperation with community agencies and with medical and rehabilitation centers so that they may become more aware that bilateral thalamic surgery is an effective approach to the rehabilitation of patients with parkinsonism.
TREATMENT OF CORONARY ARTERIOSCLEROTIC HEART DISEASE WITH CHONDROITIN SULFATE‐A: PRELIMINARY REPORT*
Authors: Morrison Lester M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe acid mucopolysaccharide, chondroitin sulfate‐A (CSA), which is active in preventing experimentally‐induced atherosclerosis in monkeys, rats and rabbits, also has anticoagulant properties in rabbits and in patients with angina pectoris from coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease.For an average period of one and a half years (range, one to two years), CSA was administered orally (tablet or powder) to 60 patients with clinically manifest coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease, in dosages ranging from 1.5 to 10.0 gm daily. No toxic effects were noted and the medication was well tolerated. These patients were matched with a comparable group of 60 control patients for age, sex, and clinical and laboratory findings.In the 60 control patients, 13 acute coronary incidents occurred; 7 were myocardial infarctions, of which 2 were fatal and 6 required hospital treatment in coronary‐care units for “acute coronary insufficiency” or “acute myocardial ischemia” or impending myocardial infarction.In the 60 CSA‐treated patients there was only 1 coronary incident—a fatal case of myocardial infarction.This preliminary report suggests that “feasibility” studies are warranted to determine the therapeutic effects of CSA for the prevention of coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease in statistically designed, triple‐blind investigations on a larger series of patients over longer periods of time.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY AND SIDE EFFECTS OF TWO SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINE BRONCHODILATOR AEROSOLS: A STUDY OF REPETITIVE DOSING*
Authors: Cohen Burton Marcus 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA comparison of two sympathomimetic amine bronchodilator aerosols was made in 10 adult patients with chronic obstructive respiratory disease. Isoproterenol, an isoproterenol‐phenylephrine combination and placebo were administered in a sequence of pairs (double‐blind pattern) at the rate of 6 inhalations at five‐minute intervals; this procedure was repeated on three successive days.Isoproterenol‐phenylephrine was more effective than isoproterenol alone, as shown by pulmonary function tests. It seemed to prevent augmentation of the cardiovascular effects of isoproterenol. Isoproterenol‐phenylephrine had about the same effect as proterenol with regard to acceleration of the heart rate, rise in systolic blood pressure, and the production of tremulousness.Repetitive dosing with these aerosols (strictly limited to the rates and amounts described) results in step‐like improvement in expiratory airflow defects, and side reactions are minimal.
EFFECT OF AGE ON INTESTINAL ABSORPTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR DRUG ABSORPTION IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Bender A. Douglas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractStudies dealing with the influence of increasing age on intestinal absorption are reviewed. Interest in these studies has resulted from statements that increasing age is accompanied by a delay and a reduction in drug absorption. There are, however, no data to support this conclusion. Nevertheless, data from studies of the absorption of sugars, fats and vitamins in subjects of different ages may be relevant to the problem of drug absorption, as are the other changes in gastrointestinal function that occur with advancing age. In the elderly there is a reduction in gastric pH which, in the case of some drugs, affects the solubility and thus will influence the rate of absorption. Furthermore, there is a reduction in intestinal blood flow, which would tend to delay or reduce drug absorption. Possibly there is a reduction in the number of absorbing cells in the intestine, with a consequent loss of absorbing surface in the aged; this may explain the reported reduction in passive diffusion in the aged. A modification of special transport mechanisms is suggested by the fact that the absorption of galactose, 3‐methyl glucose, calcium, and thiamine is reduced with increasing age. All of these factors tend to imply that drug absorption in the elderly is reduced. Fortunately perhaps, the reduction in absorption is accompanied by decreased metabolism and decreased excretion. Thus, limited absorption from the intestine is balanced by delayed elimination of drugs.
INCAPACITATING DISEASES IN THE ELDERLY: A SURVEY IN GENERAL PRACTICE
Authors: Bendkowski B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA twelve‐month survey was made in general practice in an English town, to determine the incidence of incapacitating diseases in patients over 65 years old. Among the 885 patients in this age group, there were three times as many women as men, and 56 of the group (6.3 per cent) had diseases which rendered them totally incapacitated. They were cared for in their homes by interested relatives, friends or landladies. Cerebral arteriosclerosis, ischaemic heart disease and rheumatic diseases were the three leading crippling diseases. The diseases, and the care of elderly patients in their home are discussed.Old patients are treated best in their homes. They know the familiar corners of their rooms, furniture, views from the windows, and their neighbours. It is important that they have willing relatives or friends to look after them. A family doctor can give them adequate medical care provided he has the full co‐operation of ancillary services.
GERIATRIC STAFF ATTITUDES TOWARD DEATH*
Authors: Kazzaz David S. , Vickers Raymond 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMultiple educational approaches to the subject of hospital staff attitudes toward death were tested. It was not known which approaches, if any, would work, and it is still not known if one is better than another. The staff's resistance to discussing the topic of death seemed connected with a culturally‐induced denial. Attempts to promote academic discussion failed. Not until situations occurred which provoked emotional involvement—an actual death, the staging of psychodrama involving death, seminars on religion and psychiatry, and attendance at an autopsy—could the staff members begin to understand their own feelings and open the way for true communication with their patients.
AGE AND THE REHABILITATIVE CARE OF STROKE
Authors: WYLIE CHARLES MURRAY 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Over a nine‐year period, 1,223 patients with cerebrovascular accidents were admitted to Montebello State Hospital, a chronic disease institution.The findings of this study consistently reflect an adverse influence of rising age on the response of CVA patients to rehabilitation. The older patients (over 65) were more disabled on admission, improved less often while in the hospital and died more often than the younger patients. However, the better response of the younger patients did not reduce their length of stay in the hospital (21–23 weeks).It would be unfair for clinicians to reject for rehabilitation all older patients because of these disadvantages, since our adjustment analysis has shown one way (number of hospital‐weeks of care required to obtain a living and improved patient) in which priorities can be balanced for different age groups. It would be premature, however, to apply these figures widely until larger groups of patients are studied in different rehabilitation centers. This can be done quickly if it is agreed that scientific rather than intuitive guidelines for selecting patients deserve urgent attention.
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF DEPRESSION IN A HOME FOR THE AGED
Authors: BOWERS MALCOLM B. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: This study concerns the patterns and treatment of depressive syndromes occurring in 26 of the residents of a home for the aged, during a three‐year period.Depression is an omnipresent threat in such a setting. Admission to a geriatric facility, often the stimulus for a depressive reaction, may be experienced as a massive psychosocial insult calling for major coping activity on the part of the patient. Persons with a prior history of depressive episodes are most likely to become depressed at this time. Depressive behavior also can occur after a period of residence and usually is a reaction to an experienced loss (which may be judged minor by the staff) or a clue to somatic decline.Treatment of depression in a geriatric facility requires first of all an active, optimistic program which is individually oriented. Psychiatric treatment is required for those who are more severely depressed. The biological and social fragility of this group of patients is stressed.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PAST AND PRESENT ACTIVITY OF FEMALE RESIDENTS IN A GERIATRIC HOME*
Authors: GORDON HELEN G. , McTAVEY HARRIET E. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: A study was made to determine the relationship between prior lifetime activity and present participation of aged female residents in the activities of a geriatric home, as measured by the Prior Lifetime Activity and Present Participation check lists.The study sample (randomly drawn) consisted of 30 aged female residents in a selected geriatric home. Their ages ranged from 65 to 95 years. Statistical analysis of the data showed that prior lifetime activity had little influence on present participation of these aged females. This applied equally to career, housewife, and career/housewife categories. The only prior lifetime activities carried over into old age were the sedentary ones, such as reading and sewing. The relation to the disengagement and activity theories of old age is discussed. Implications for the nursing staff are emphasized.On the basis of the study findings, the hypothesis that the aged female resident in a geriatric home participates in a significantly greater number of present activities than she did in prior lifetime activities was rejected. However, the effect of past environmental, social and cultural factors must be considered as a possible determinant in the degree of present participation.
CUES TO STROKE REHABILITATION REFERRAL AMONG FAMILY PHYSICIANS
Authors: Wylie Charles M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe analyses in this study—from the Rehabilitation Center at Montebello State Hospital, Maryland—indicate that physicians have been slow to accept as a legitimate activity the rehabilitation of their stroke patients. The physicians who are more likely to send patients for such care tend to be more recent graduates, to belong to hospital staffs and medical societies, and possibly to graduate from schools in which the faculty has more interest in rehabilitation. From the experience with their first patients, physicians may learn how to refer more suitable patients.The situation is complex, however; the available data concerned only indirectly those factors which are probably most crucial to the degree of innovation. To avoid upsetting Montebello's program, this study did not include personal interviews with the 294 general practitioners involved, thus leaving some crucial questions dangling in mid‐air, and possibly overlooking some valid reasons for nonreferral for rehabilitation during this period.The findings are tentative but they seem to indicate that the norms for physicians may not favor the use of outside sources of help nor encourage the energetic treatment of stroke patients. Cultural norms change only slowly, and this may partly explain the slow referral for rehabilitation. However, we should strive to ensure that the concepts and scientific basis of rehabilitation be as clear and as strong as possible, and that the concepts be communicated accurately, intensively and repeatedly. This will prepare a more fertile field for the seeds of change.
TREATMENT OF ISCHEMIC AND STASIS ULCERS WITH GOLD LEAF AND POLYETHYLENE FILM: PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: Chick N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFourteen ischemic or stasis ulcers in 8 patients were treated by means of gold leaf overlaid with polyethylene film; a piece of foam rubber was inserted before application of a bandage. The average length of treatment was four weeks. Of the 14 ulcers, 9 were completely healed, 4 were greatly reduced in size, and only 1 (a large decubitus lesion in a terminal cancer patient) failed to respond. The length of hospital stay was reduced as compared to previous admissions for treatment by other methods, and the patients did not experience any undue allergic reactions nor discomfort.Although our sample was small, the dramatic tissue response, the simplicity of application, and the effectiveness of this therapeutic technique deserve further investigation.
THE INTRADERMAL CANCER TEST (ICT)*
Authors: Makari Jack George 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA reliable test for the early detection of cancer is much to be desired and has long been sought. The Intradermal Cancer Test (ICT) is based upon immunological principles, and according to the author's findings, is not influenced by certain non‐neoplastic diseases or physiological changes. The author first reported his work in 1955, and in the ensuing years has accumulated data on 995 subjects. He concludes that the test can detect early cancer, and that it is specific, reproducible and practical. The data are presented here with the hope that other research workers in this field will be encouraged to inquire further into the methods outlined in this article.