bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic plasma exchange in antisynthetase syndrome with severe interstitial lung disease
Authors: Omotoso Bolanle A. , Ogden Melissa I. , Balogun Rasheed A. 
Published: February 2015

Antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) is a rare condition characterized by interstitial lung disease (ILD), inflammatory myositis, fever, Raynaud phenomenon, mechanic's hand, and inflammatory polyarthritis in the setting of antibodies to amino acyl‐transfer RNA synthetases, with anti‐Jo‐1 antibody being the most common. Prognosis is very poor especially when there is associated ILD. To date, there is no standardized treatment for ILD associated ASS. Therapy is based on the use of steroids alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive agents, especially in severe or refractory cases. The role of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in the management of this rare condition has not been established. Here, we report a case of severe ILD associated ASS in a 41‐year‐old woman who did not show clinical or laboratory response after six doses of high dose steroids and a dose of IV cyclophosphamide. Because of the aggressive nature of her disease and poor prognostic indices present, a decision was made to add TPE to her treatment. She underwent five sessions of TPE. At the end of the 5th session, the anti‐Jo‐1 antibody levels dropped to 3.6 AI (antibody index) and her creatinine kinase (CK) level from 875 to 399 U L−1 (Units per liter) with overall improvement in her respiratory status. This case suggests TPE may be a promising treatment option in patients with ILD associated ASS refractory to steroids and other immunosuppressive therapy, particularly those with severe disease. J. Clin. Apheresis 30:375–379, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CD235a (Glycophorin‐A) Is the Most Predictive Value Among Different Circulating Cellular Microparticles in Thrombocytopenic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Authors: El‐Menshawy Nadia , Eissa Mohammed , Farag Raghada , Aboalyazed Ahmed 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThis study was conducted to assess different cellular microparticles (MPs) in thrombocytopenic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and their significance as disease activity markers.MethodsThirty‐five thrombocytopenic human immunodeficiency diseases and 25 healthy controls with matched age and sex were selected. Viral load was quantitated by COBAS real‐time polymerase reaction (PCR) assessment of absolute T‐cell subsets CD4, CD8 as a disease progress marker. Platelet MPs, platelet‐derived monocyte MPs (CD42a, CD61), erythrocyte MP (CD235a), monocytic MP (CD14), and platelet activity MPs (CD62P, PAC‐1) were assessed by multicolor flow cytometry FACSCalibur, while platelet functions were assessed by platelet function analyzer (PFA‐100). CD42a, CD61, and platelet activity index represented by PAC‐1 and CD62.ResultsP‐selectin in HIV‐infected patient samples were significantly greater (P < 0.001) than among controls. There was a negative correlation between the proportion of PAC‐1 and CD62 P‐selectin‐positive MPs and levels of CD4+ T‐cell counts (r = −0.403, P = 0.016; r = −0.438, P = 0.008), respectively. There was a negative correlation between collagen‐ADP and levels of CD4+ T‐cell counts (r = −0.368, P = 0.03). There was a significant high expression level of CD14 monocyte MPs in patients than controls (P < 0.0001), overexpression of CD235a (P < 0.0001), and no correlation between CD14 and CD4, whereas there was a significant negative correlation with CD235a (r = −0.394, P = 0.019). A linear regression analysis of CD4 as a disease progression marker with other variable indicators in HIV patients showed that CD235a could be the most sensitive predictor similar to CD4.ConclusionDifferent cellular MPs and platelets activated in HIV patients could have a role in thrombotic events in these patients.
Quantification of monomethylmercury in natural waters by direct ethylation: Interference characterization and method optimization
Authors: Mansfield Christopher R. , Black Frank J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe accurate analysis of monomethylmercury (MMHg) in natural waters is critical to understanding the biogeochemical cycling of mercury. Direct ethylation has emerged as an effective method for measuring MMHg in seawater without distillation. We evaluated the method's utility in other natural waters, characterized potential interferences, and optimized the method in an attempt to overcome these. The ethylation of MMHg by sodium tetraethylborate (NaBEt4) in pure water was unaffected by pH over the range 2.5–5.5. However, ethylation becomes sensitive to pH with increasing salinity, with the optimal pH narrowing to 4.0–4.1. An increase in NaBEt4 concentration eventually results in a decrease in MMHg ethylation, which occurs at lower NaBEt4 concentrations with increasing salinity. A NaBEt4 concentration of 6 mg L−1 was optimal. There was no interference by environmentally relevant concentrations of major cations, anions, nor many trace metals. However, micromolar concentrations of Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Fe2+ decreased MMHg recoveries, but these interferences were eliminated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Sulfide and thiols at concentrations of only 2 µM depressed MMHg recoveries. Attempts to remove sulfide or overcome the interference it caused were unsuccessful, so the method is currently limited to oxic waters. Addition of 1.2 M chloride eliminated the interference by even 20 µM thiols. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) interferes with direct ethylation, but 1.2 M NaCl increased MMHg recoveries to > 90% even at DOM concentrations > 17 mg OC L−1. The optimized method was used to measure MMHg in hundreds of oxic filtered and unfiltered fresh and saline natural waters; MMHg recoveries averaged 92% ± 6%. The average percent relative standard deviation was < 10% for samples (n = 266) analyzed in triplicate. Daily detection limits for a 30 mL sample are < 25 fM.
Differential requirements for β‐catenin in murine prostate cancer originating from basal versus luminal cells
Authors: Lu Tsai‐Ling , Chen Chun‐Ming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA driver mutation occurring in different cells of origin may impact cancer progression differently. Previously, we demonstrated higher invasiveness in Pten‐deficient prostate cancer (CaP) arising from basal cells compared to that arising from luminal cells in mice. Here, we show higher expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐inducing transcription factors and stem/progenitor properties in basal‐derived CaP compared to luminal‐derived CaP. We further explore the requirement for β‐catenin in basal and luminal prostate cells during CaP progression. Genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of β‐catenin specifically suppress basal‐derived CaP progression through reduction of stemness and cell proliferation and increased γH2Ax‐associated apoptosis. Lineage tracing revealed that loss of β‐catenin in basal cells impairs basal‐to‐luminal differentiation; conversely, β‐catenin loss is dispensable for luminal‐derived CaP progression. Our findings suggest that β‐catenin is required for basal‐derived normal luminal cells and cancer cells, but not for luminal derivatives. Although the cellular origin of CaP in patients cannot be easily determined at present, the results imply that β‐catenin inhibition is a potential therapeutic option for a subset of patients with basal‐derived CaP. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recurrent genomic rearrangements in primary testicular lymphoma
Authors: Twa David DW , Mottok Anja , Chan Fong Chun , Ben‐Neriah Susana , Woolcock Bruce W , Tan King L , Mungall Andrew J , McDonald Helen , Zhao Yongjun , Lim Raymond S , Nelson Brad H , Milne Katy , Shah Sohrab P , Morin Ryan D , Marra Marco A , Scott David W , Gascoyne Randy D , Steidl Christian 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPrimary testicular diffuse large B cell lymphoma (PTL) is an aggressive malignancy that occurs in the immune‐privileged anatomical site of the testis. We have previously shown that structural genomic rearrangements involving the MHC class II transactivator CIITA and programmed death ligands (PDLs) 1 and 2 are frequent across multiple B cell lymphoma entities. Specifically in PTL, we found rearrangements in the PDL locus by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). However, breakpoint anatomy and rearrangement partners were undetermined, while CIITA rearrangements had not been reported previously in PTL. Here, we performed bacterial artificial chromosome capture sequencing on three archival, formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue biopsies, interrogating 20 known rearrangement hotspots in B cell lymphomas. We report novel CIITA, FOXP1 and PDL rearrangements involving IGHG4, FLJ45248, RFX3, SMARCA2 and SNX29. Moreover, we present immunohistochemistry data supporting the association between PDL rearrangements and increased protein expression. Finally, using FISH, we show that CIITA (8/82; 10%) and FOXP1 (5/74; 7%) rearrangements are recurrent in PTL. In summary, we describe rearrangement frequencies and novel rearrangement partners of the CIITA, FOXP1 and PDL loci at base‐pair resolution in a rare, aggressive lymphoma. Our data suggest immune‐checkpoint inhibitor therapy as a promising intervention for PTL patients harbouring PDL rearrangements. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab initio structural and electronic band‐structure study of MgSe
Authors: Elsayed Hannan , Olguín Daniel , Cantarero Andrés , Hernández‐Calderón Isaac 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe present a careful and detailed ab initio study of the crystal structure and electronic band structure of different crystalline phases of MgSe. Calculations were performed using the full‐potential linear augmented plane wave method. To determine the crystal phase of the ground state of MgSe, we computed the total energy as a function of volume for the rock‐salt, zinc‐blende, wurtzite, and NiAs phases. From the optimized volume, and by using the Birch–Murnaghan equation of state the lattice parameters , the bulk moduli, and its first pressure derivative () for the different phases of MgSe were found. In our calculations, we have used the local density approach for the exchange–correlation part of the total energy. It was determined that in this approach the sequence of phase transformations under pressure is rock‐salt–NiAs–wurzite–zinc‐blende. However, we also found that under ambient conditions, the different studied phases for MgSe are energetically available. Using the modified Becke–Johnson exchange correlation potential, the calculated values of the bandgap were improved, and the results are comparable to existing experimental values for the zinc‐blende phase.
Radialgelenklager als Komponenten des Steuerstabsystems Meyer/Wunstorf
Authors: Näßl Andreas , Mensinger Martin , Liebelt Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSeit etwa Mitte der 70er Jahre stellt in Deutschland das Steuerstabsystem “Meyer/Wunstorf“ eine bewährte Konstruktion zur zwängungsfreien Längslagerung und Horizontalkraftabtragung insbesondere bei Eisenbahnbrücken dar. Horizontale Einwirkungen infolge Bremsen und Anfahren können damit auf beide Widerlager gleichmäßig verteilt werden. Im Gegensatz zu einseitig in Längsrichtung fest gelagerten Brücken werden auch temperaturbedingte Längenausdehnungen des Überbaus durch eine fiktive Verlagerung des Dehnungsnullpunkts in die Mitte der Brücke günstig auf beide Widerlagerseiten verteilt. Somit sind größere Spannweiten mit durchgehenden Gleisen, ohne Schienenauszüge, realisierbar. Die kinematische Steuerstabkonstruktion beinhaltet teils hochbelastete Gelenkbolzenverbindungen, für die im Bauwesen eher unübliche und bislang nicht geregelte sogenannte Radialgelenklager (RGL) zum Einsatz kommen, was derzeit Zustimmungen im Einzelfall (ZiE) und unternehmensinterne Genehmigungen (UiG) erfordert. Dieser Beitrag berichtet – neben einer kurzen Einführung in die Thematik – über die Ergebnisse von Dauerhaftigkeitsversuchen an RGL, welche 2014 vom Lehrstuhl für Metallbau der TU München im Zuge von Zustimmungsverfahren für aktuelle Projekte der Deutschen Bahn durchgeführt worden sind.Radial spherical plain bearings as components of the control‐rod system Meyer/Wunstorf – Durability test results of radial spherical plain bearings exposed to cyclic loading. Since the mid‐70s in Germany the control‐rod system “Meyer/Wunstorf” is a proven design of a longitudinal bridge support system especially for railway bridges. Horizontal forces due to braking and acceleration can thus be evenly distributed to both abutments. In contrast to one‐sided longitudinal supported bridges also the temperature‐related linear expansion of the superstructure can be distributed equally to both abutments by realizing a fictitious zero point of strain in the middle of the bridge. Thus, larger spans with continuous rails, without rail expansions, can be built. The kinematic control‐rod design incorporates some highly loaded hinge pin connections for which so‐called radial spherical plain bearings (RGL) are used. For civil constructions these bearings are rather unusual, hitherto not regulated and currently requiring technical and corporate approvals for individual cases (ZiE/UiG). This paper reports – including a short introduction to the topic – on the results of durability tests on RGL, which have been carried out in 2014 by the Chair for Metal Structures of the TU München (Technical University of Munich) in the context of technical approvals for current projects of the Deutsche Bahn.
Cistus ladanifer L. Shrub is Rich in Saturated and Branched Chain Fatty Acids and their Concentration Increases in the Mediterranean Dry Season
Authors: Guerreiro Olinda , Alves Susana P. , Duarte Maria F. , Bessa Rui J. B. , Jerónimo Eliana 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Cistus ladanifer L. shrub is a widespread species of the Mediterranean region that is available as a feed source for ruminants all the year round, constituting a source of energy and nutrients when most of the vegetation is dry. However, there is no trustworthy information about the fatty acid composition of C. ladanifer, as well as no information about the seasonal and age related changes in their fatty acid composition. Thus, we collected the aerial parts of C. ladanifer plants of two age groups [young vs. older ones (2–6 years old)] during four consecutive seasons to characterize their fatty acid composition. The fatty acid composition of C. ladanifer is dominated by saturated fatty acids including the occurrence of two methyl branched chain fatty acids (BCFA), the iso‐19:0 and iso‐21:0, which as far as we know were detected for the first time in shrubs. Also, we demonstrated that several labdane type compounds might interfere with the fatty acid analysis of C. ladanifer. Marked seasonal changes in BCFA and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found, suggesting that BCFA can replace PUFA in plant lipids at high environmental temperatures.
Delayed healing of gastric ulcer is associated with downregulation of connexin 32 in the gastric mucosa
Authors: Wang Shen‐Yung , Wang Horng‐Yuan , Wang Tsang‐En , Wang Hsueh‐Hsiao , Chang Wen‐Hsiung , Chu Cheng‐Hsin , Lin Shee‐Chan , Yeh Hung‐I , Shih Shou‐Chuan 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBackground/AimsMost benign gastric ulcers are healed through suppression of gastric acid by a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Despite prolonged use of a PPI, some gastric ulcers still do not heal. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between the expression of connexin 32 (Cx32), a major gap junction protein expressed in the gastric mucosa, and the healing response of gastric ulcers.MethodsPatients with endoscopically verified gastric ulcer were treated with a standard dose of PPI for 12 weeks. Histological studies were performed to exclude malignancy. In total, 10 patients having endoscopically verified gastric ulcers with delayed healing at the end of the PPI course were included in this study. The control group consisted of 11 patients with gastric ulcers that healed normally. The expression of Cx32 in the gastric mucosa of the ulcer margin was analyzed by immunoblotting.ResultsPatients with gastric ulcer showing delayed healing had significantly reduced Cx32 expression in the gastric mucosa compared with the patients in whom the ulcers healed normally (i.e., controls). Age, sex, presence of duodenal ulcers, location and size of gastric ulcer, ulcer staging, Helicobacter pylori infection, use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin, smoking, and alcohol consumption were similar in both the control and delayed healing groups. H. pylori infection, use of NSAIDs, smoking, and alcohol consumption all had no significant impacts on the expression of Cx32. Age and expression of Cx32 were not correlated.ConclusionDownregulation of Cx32 in the gastric mucosa of the ulcer margin may predict delayed healing in patients with gastric ulcer following acid‐suppression therapy.
Wetting the bed at twenty‐one: Embarrassment as a private emotion
Authors: Krishna Aradhna , Herd Kelly B. , Aydınoğlu Nilüfer Z. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEmbarrassment has been defined as a social emotion that occurs due to the violation of a social norm in public, which is appraised by others (what we call “public embarrassment”). We propose that embarrassment can also be felt when one violates a social norm in private, or when one appraises oneself and violates one's self‐concept (“private embarrassment”). We develop a typology of embarrassment with two underlying dimensions – social context (transgression in‐public or in‐private) and mechanism (appraisal by others or by the self). Of the four resulting categories, one fits with the dominant “social” view of embarrassment, whereas the other three have aspects of privacy. We generate triggers for public and private embarrassment and demonstrate their similarities in study 1. Study 2 (buying an incontinence drug) and study 3 (buying Viagra for impotence versus pleasure) replicate these similarities, and also exhibit differences in the experience of public and private embarrassment through accompanying physiological reactions, action tendencies, and behavioral consequences. Our aim is to expand the scope of embarrassment research to include private contexts and self‐appraisal.
Telomere fusion threshold identifies a poor prognostic subset of breast cancer patients
Authors: Simpson K. , Jones R.E. , Grimstead J.W. , Hills R. , Pepper C. , Baird D.M. 
Published: February 2015

Telomere dysfunction and fusion can drive genomic instability and clonal evolution in human tumours, including breast cancer. Telomere length is a critical determinant of telomere function and has been evaluated as a prognostic marker in several tumour types, but it has yet to be used in the clinical setting. Here we show that high‐resolution telomere length analysis, together with a specific telomere fusion threshold, is highly prognostic for overall survival in a cohort of patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (n = 120). The telomere fusion threshold defined a small subset of patients with an extremely poor clinical outcome, with a median survival of less than 12 months (HR = 21.4 (7.9–57.6), P < 0.0001). Furthermore, this telomere length threshold was independent of ER, PGR, HER2 status, NPI, or grade and was the dominant variable in multivariate analysis. We conclude that the fusogenic telomere length threshold provides a powerful, independent prognostic marker with clinical utility in breast cancer. Larger prospective studies are now required to determine the optimal way to incorporate high‐resolution telomere length analysis into multivariate prognostic algorithms for patients diagnosed with breast cancer.
Occupational Therapy Workforce in the United States: Forecasting Nationwide Shortages
Authors: Lin Vernon , Zhang Xiaoming , Dixon Pamela 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundAs the baby boomer generation retires in growing numbers, the demand for occupational therapists specializing in geriatrics will be particularly strong. Currently, there is evidence that a workforce shortage exists in the field of occupational therapy (OT), and few studies have been published in this area to systematically examine the status of the OT workforce.ObjectiveTo examine current and future OT job surplus/shortage trends within the United States.DesignForecast models and grading methodology were developed to evaluate individual state OT job shortages from 2008 to 2030.SettingNot applicable.ParticipantsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasurementsOT shortages, OT shortage ratios, and a report card were generated and compared among the 50 states in the United States.ResultsOn the basis of current trends, demand for OT services will outpace the supply of occupational therapists within the United States. Shortages are expected to increase for all 50 states through 2030. The number of states with a grade D or below will increase from 3 in 2010, to 18 in 2020, to 37 in 2030, respectively. By 2030, the 3 states with the greatest shortage ratios will be Arizona, Hawaii, and Utah. The 3 states with the largest OT shortages (the number of OT jobs) will be California, Florida, and Texas. States in the northeast are projected to have the smallest shortages whereas states in the south and west are projected to have the largest shortages.ConclusionThis study serves to provide health care professionals, policy makers, and stakeholders with a means of assessing current and future OT needs. Discussion of the issues surrounding OT shortages and ongoing assessment of supply and demand must ensue to mitigate the projected shortages.
Aragonite bias, and lack of bias, in the fossil record: lithological, environmental, and ecological controls
Authors: Foote Michael , Crampton James S. , Beu Alan G. , Nelson Campbell S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMacroevolutionary and macroecological studies must account for biases in the fossil record, especially when questions concern the relative abundance and diversity of taxa that differ in preservation and sampling potential. Using Cenozoic marine mollusks from a temperate setting (New Zealand), we find that much of the long-term temporal variation in gastropod versus bivalve occurrences is correlated with the stage-level sampling probabilities of aragonitic versus calcitic taxa. Average sampling probabilities are higher for calcitic species, but this contrast is time-varying in a predictable way, being concentrated in stages with widespread carbonate deposition.To understand these results fully, we link them with analyses at the level of individual point occurrences. Doing so reveals that aragonite bias is effectively absent in terrigenous clastic sediments. In limestones, by contrast, calcitic species have at least twice the odds of sampling as aragonitic species. This result is most pronounced during times of widespread carbonate deposition, where the difference in the per-collection odds of sampling species is a factor of eight. During carbonate-rich intervals, calcitic taxa also have higher odds of sampling in clastics. At first glance this result may suggest simple preservational bias against aragonite. However, comparing relative odds of aragonitic versus calcitic sampling with absolute sampling rates shows that the positive calcite bias during carbonate-rich times reflects higher than average occurrence rates for calcitic taxa (rather than lower rates for aragonitic taxa) and that the negative aragonite bias in limestones reflects lower than average occurrence rates for aragonitic taxa (rather than higher rates for calcitic taxa).Our results therefore indicate a time-varying interplay of two main factors: (1) taphonomic loss of aragonitic species in carbonate sediments, with no substantial bias in terrigenous clastics; and (2) an ecological preference of calcitic taxa for environments characteristic of periods with pervasive carbonate deposition, irrespective of lithology per se.