bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2042 – Association Of Methylation Status And Snp Variation Of Bdnf And Suicide
Authors: Videtič Paska A. , Zupanc T. , Komel R. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionSuicide is complex, multifactorial phenomenon, and is an outcome of interplay of environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which mediates neural plasticity, different behaviours, and stress response has been associated with stressful life events or childhood adversity in depression and suicidal behaviour in various psychopathologies, and it may as well modulate antidepressant response.MethodsWe genotyped 600 subjects, suicide victims and controls, for polymorphism Val66Met (rs6265), and performed methylation analysis on 44 subjects. Different subgroups were formed to test impact of specific variables (violent and nonviolent methods, psychiatric disorders, suicide in victims with/without stressful childhood experience) on suicide and genetic component.ResultsThe frequency of the combined Met/Met and Met/Val genotypes and the homozygous Val/Val genotype was significantly different between female suicide victims and controls, between female suicide victims who used violent suicide methods and controls, and between all included suicide victims with or without stressful life events. Postmortem brain samples from suicide subjects showed a statistically significant increase of DNA methylation at specific CpG sites in promoter/exon IV compared with controls. Higher methylation degree corresponded to lower mRNA levels. BDNF promoter/exon IV was frequently hypermethylated in postmortem brain of suicide subjects irrespective of genome-wide methylation levels, indicating that a gene-specific increase in DNA methylation could cause or contribute to the downregulation of BDNF expression in suicide subjects.ConclusionsDNA variation and methylation stauts of the BDNF could be very importnant prognistic factors for increased vulnerability to suicidal behaviour, and therefore significant target of future studies.
2051 – Community Treatment Order Experience And Implications In a Socially Deprived Inner City London Borough
Authors: Giordano V. , Paramel A. , Gupta S. 
Published: July 2013

Mental Health care in the community has changed significantly over the last few decades following the closure of asylums and the development of community mental health care.Legislation in most countries has failed to keep pace with the changes.The repeated relapses and long hospital stays come at a both personal as well as a public cot.Both ACT model and the CTOs have failed to have consistent benefits internationally. The AOTs have struggled to justify their existence in the UK, while CTOs are new and lacks support of its use from existing international research.CTOs are aimed at the psychiatric patient population caught in a revolving door situation. This patients group tend to relapse due non-adherence and disengagement once discharged leading to further re-admissions.We would like to present the findings from an AOT in an inner London borough that has modified the ACT model to suit the UK mental health care system, and has in recent years used CTOs successfully in reducing the impact on hospitalization and bed-usage. We will also present data on health care benefits of these patients, and the cost-benefits.Our research is a retrospective analizes that aims to compare pre-CTO versus current CTO period on three main outcomes:1.Bed Occupancy2.Admission rates3.Health of the Nation (HoNOS) scores.We feel that this can be a useful learning experience for many of Europe's large cities that have similar health care systems and face similar challenges.
2077 – Preliminary Validation Study Of a Portuguese Version Of The Patient Health Questionnaire (phq-9)
Authors: Monteiro S. , Torres A. , Pereira A. , Albuquerque E. , Morgadinho R. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionDepression is one of the most common health issues impacting the university student population. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a short measure that has the potential to serve as a dual-purpose instrument that establishes depressive disorder diagnoses as well as grades the depressive symptom severity.ObjectivesThe current study was designed to study the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of the PHQ-9 in a sample of university students.AimsSpecifically, we examined the internal reability and convergent validity of the measure.MethodsThe English language of the PHQ-9 was translated into Portuguese. The process involved back-translation, crosscultural adaptation, field testing of the pre-final version, as well as final adjustments. A sample of university students completed the PHQ-9, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).ResultsComplete data were obtained from 1241 participants. The mean age of the participants was 23.81 years (SD = 4.87) and 75.3% of them were females. The mean PHQ-9 score was 4.15 (SD = 4.05). The Portuguese version of the PHQ-9 had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86) and showed moderate convergent validity with the HADS anxiety (r = 0.61; p < 0.01) and HADS depression (r = 0.59; p < 0.01), and strong convergent validity with the BDI (r = 0.85; p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe PHQ-9 has good psychometric properties amongst Portuguese university students. Implications for using the measure as an assessment instrument in the university setting are discussed.
2078 – Relationship Between Olfactory Function And Social Cognition In Euthymic Bipolar Patients
Authors: Lahera G. , Ruiz-Murugarren S. , Fernández-Liria A. , Buck B. , Penn D. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundIndividuals with bipolar disorder show consistent deficits in olfactory ability and have also shown deficits in social cognition.Aims/objectivesTo explore the relationship between olfactory ability and social cognition, especially facial emotion perception, in bipolar disorder.MethodsThirty-nine euthymic outpatients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for bipolar disorder and a sample of 39 healthy volunteers matched on demographic criteria were recruited. Both groups were assessed at one time point with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), the Emotion Recognition Test, the Faux Pas Recognition Test, as well as measures of general cognition (Asarnow's Span of Apprehension Test, Wisconsin Sort Card Test) and general functioning (GAF, FAST).ResultsBipolar patients achieved significant lower scores on both capacity for olfactory discrimination (p = 0.02) and recognition of facial emotions (p = 0.03), compared to healthy controls. A significant correlation between the capacity for smell identification (UPSIT) and the recognition of facial expressions (FACE test) was found (p = 0.001). Analyses revealed significant relationships between olfactory identification and facial emotion recognition, theory of mind, general cognition, and functioning. Controlling for age and cigarettes smoked, relationships remained significant between olfactory function and facial emotion recognition. Regression models showed a trend level association between olfactory function and facial emotion recognition above and beyond the influence of age, cigarette smoking, and general cognition.ConclusionsThere is a deficit of olfactory identification in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder that is correlated with a deficit in non-verbal measure of social cognition.
2091 – Brain Activation In Patients With Schizophrenia During Psychological Stress
Authors: Castro M.N. , Villarreal M.F. , Deschle N. , Binder F. , Jáuregui I.O. , Costanzo E.Y. , de Achával D. , Bär K.-J. , Guinjoan S.M. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionIt is commonly accepted that in most patients with schizophrenia external factors act on genetic predisposition to produce active psychotic symptoms. It is known that patients with schizophrenia have an abnormal peripheral autonomic response to psychological stress. We sought to characterize the brain activity patterns of such response in these patients.MethodsWe studied the pattern of brain activation in response to a mental arithmetic stress paradigm in 14 patients and 14 healthy subjects aged 18 to 50 years, using 3T-fMRI. A period of 6 minutes of resting state acquisition were followed by a block design with three 1-minute CONTROL task (one digit sum), 1 minute STRESS task (two digit substraction) and 1 minute rest after task. Data were analyzed with SPM and SPSS software.ResultsWhile controls showed bilateral activation of hippocampi, parahippocampi, insulae, amygdalae, anterior cinguli and basal ganglia during mental stress, patients displayed less left hemisphere activation, specifically in insula, orbitofrontal cortex and frontal cortex, along with activation of pons. Moreover, patients did not show activation of hippocampi, parahippocampi and amygdalae.After stress healthy subjects recovered its basal pattern. However, patients showed sustained activation of right posterior cingulum and temporal pole, along with bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, frontal cortex, precuneus, cuneus and angular gyrus for the observation period.ConclusionsPresent results suggest that abnormal activation of limbic structures underlies extensively documented peripheral autonomic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. Abnormal fronto-temporal connectivity may be the pathophysiological link for these results.
2103 – Cognitive Adaptation Training In An Assertive Community Treatment Setting For Outpatients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Hansen J.P. , Østergaard B. , Nordentoft M. , Hounsgaard L. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionCognitive Adaptation Training Cognitive Adaptation Training (CAT) is a treatment that circumvents cognitive impairments by rearranging the environment to support, prompt and sequence appropriate behaviours. CAT has shown promising results, including improved social functioning. As yet, no reports have appeared on the use of CAT in combination with Assertive Community Treatment (ACT).AimTo evaluate the effect of CAT in comparison with ACT, focusing on social functions (primary outcome), symptoms, readmission, and quality of life of outpatients with schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo conduct a randomised clinical trial to test the effect of CAT compared to ACT on primary and secondary outcome.MethodsFrom January 2009 to September 2010, 62 patients from three early intervention centres (where ACT was a principal part of the treatment) were enrolled in a randomised clinical trial. The effect of CAT was assessed at six and nine months.ResultsThe results indicated no significant difference between intervention group and control group at six and nine months for any outcome. The results indicated no significant difference on primary outcome GAF-F at six months (p= 0.32) or nine months (p= 0.34).ConclusionsThe results from this trial differ from previous CAT trials; this is the first trial without significant results in comparison with treatment as usual. However, the low number of patients in the trial may have resulted in accepting a false null hypothesis, giving a type II error. Further studies are needed to determine if some elements from CAT can make ACT more economically effective.
2122 – Autistic Preschoolers: a Teacch Based Model For Early Behavioral Intervention In School Setting
Authors: Abou-Hatab M.F. , Zahran M.H. , Abbas Z.M. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionTEACCH program (Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication Handicapped Children) represents a model for management of five major autistic behavioral problems:(1)Self abuse,(2)Aggression,(3)Disruptive behaviors,(4)Repetitive Behaviors,(5)Other behavioral deficits.ObjectivePresent study introduces TEACCH based model for behavioral intervention of autistic preschoolers in school setting.AimStudying effectiveness of usage of (TEACCH) program in decreasing commonly experienced behavioral disorders among autistic preschool children according to Parent/Teacher assessment and follow up.Methods5 autistic children aged (2-6) years (4 boys and 1 girl) were selected according to the study inclusion criteria and legal guardian consent. They were subjected to psychiatric assessment (psychiatric interview sheet and DSM IV criteria for autistic disorder), psychological assessment using:(1)Childhood Autism Rating Scale” (CARS)(2000) (Arabic version),(2)Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale(2004)(Arabic version), as well as(3)Autistic Behavioral Checklist for preschool children and(4)Disordered Behavior Intervention Program (3 and 4 were made by researchers).Study subjects were assessed by their mothers and teachers for their behavioral problems. Pre- intervention assessment were arranged for each child and commonly experienced behaviors both at home and school as regard both severity and frequency were listed for intervention. Mother/Teacher Post-intervention and follow up assessment were also arranged for each child.ResultsBoth Pre/post and Post /follow up assessment and comparison were statistically significant both for mother and teacher ratings. Behavioral problems were significantly decreased using TEACCH model for behavioral intervention of disordered behaviors among study subjects.ConclusionEarly identification, Individualized intervention and follow up of significant behavioral problems using study model helps reducing them.
2129 – Abnormal Functional Connectivity Of Amygdala In Late Onset Depression Was Associated With Cognitive Deficits, But Not With Depressive Severity
Authors: Yue Y. , Yuan Y. , Hou Z. , Jiang W. , Bai F. , Zhang Z. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with abnormal functional connectivity (FC) of amygdala and decreased function of cortico-limibic circuit, which play important roles in the pathogenesis of MDD. However, little is known about the connectivity alterations in late-onset depression (LOD), and whether such disrupted function is correlated with cognitive impairment is unclear.MethodsA total of twenty-three LOD patients and thirty-seven controls underwent neuropsychological tests and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and FC of bilateral amygdala seed were used to analyze blood oxygen level-dependent fMRI data between groups.ResultsCompared to controls, LOD groups showed weaker functional activity in bilateral middle frontal gyrus and left medial orbitofrontal gyrus, moreover, the decreased ReHo was positively correlated with Trail making test-B score (TMTB, r= 0.462,P= 0.04). In aspects of FC, left amygdala has reduced FC with right fusiform gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus and right putamen, while right amygdala has reduced FC with left cerebellum. Further correlative analysis found that the decreased FC between amygdala and right putamen was positively correlated with Verbal fluency test-verb score (VFT-verb, r= 0.513,P= 0.021) and the decreased FC between amygdala and superior temporal gyrus was positively correlated with Auditory Verbal Memory Test-delayed recall score (AVLT-delayed recall, r= 0.446,P= 0.049).ConclusionsOur finding of reduced activation of prefrontal gyrus as well as decreased connection of bilateral amygdala may be key factors of impaired cognitive function in LOD patients and these changes could be early indicator for cognitive deficits.
2138 – Psychiatric Comorbidity And Mortality In Women With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Kask J. , Ekselius L. , Brandt L. , Ekbom A. , Papadopoulos F.C. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionAnorexia Nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric disorder associated with high mortality.AimsTo examine mortality patterns in patients with anorexia nervosa and psychiatric comorbidity.Methods6009 women who received in-patient treatment for AN between 1973-2003 were followed up retrospectively using Swedish registers. SMR were calculated on the basis of 74 523 person-years for natural causes of death and 80 388 personyears for unnatural causes of death. SMR was calculated for the group as a whole but also for patients with comorbid inpatient-treated psychiatric disorders, defined by respective ICD-codes from the Swedish patient discharge register.ResultsNearly half of the patients (44.9%) received in-patient treatment for a psychiatric disorder other than AN during the follow-up time. The overall SMR for anorexia nervosa with psychiatric comorbidity was 6.5 (95% CI: 5.2–7.9) for natural causes and 17.6 (95% CI:14.3–21.4) for unnatural causes of death. Comorbid psychiatric disorders yielded very high SMR for unnatural causes of death. The highest SMR for natural causes was estimated for anorexia nervosa with comorbid alcohol use disorder (16.8; 95% CI: 11.7–23.3).ConclusionAnorexia nervosa is a disorder with high mortality for natural and unnatural causes of death, especially when psychiatric comorbidity is involved. To correctly diagnose psychiatric comorbidity, particularly alcohol use disorder, and initiate early treatment could be a way to decrease mortality.
2143 – Alcoholic Beverages Abuse Of War Veterans During And After The Bosnia-herzegovina 1992–1995 War
Authors: Pavlović S. , Hasanović M. , Kravić-Prelić N. , Pajević I. 
Published: July 2013

AimTo assess alcohol abuse severity of soldiers who suffer from Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) during the Bosnia- Herzegovina 1992-1995 war.MethodsA stratified sample was composed of 4 war veterans groups: (A- who asked for psychiatry help during the war, n = 51; B- who continued psychiatry treatment and after the war, n = 51; C- who did not ask for psychiatry help at all, n = 62; Dindustry workers who were not involved in war activities, n = 50). We used DSM IV trauma questionnaire; questionnaire for alcohol dependency self-assessment.ResultsDuring the war, 45.4% participants in A, 40.0% in B, 32.8% in C and 14.0% in D group, drunk alcohol more often than before war, while 20.8% of participants in A, 25.5% in B, 27.9% in C and 54.1% in D group drunk alcohol less than before war. Ten months after the war, 58.0% of participants in A, 31.6% in B, 20.0% in C and 20,0% in D group drunk alcohol more than usual, while 18.0% of veterans in A, 36.8% in B, 38.3% in C group and 37,8% workers in D group drunk alcohol less than usual. Upon departure to execute of combat missions to front lines war veterans from A group and B group drunk alcohol beverages significantly more than usual (51.7% and 40,5% respectively).ConclusionWar veterans who bear traumatic experiences with difficulties, with more severe symptoms of PTSD were significantly more consumed alcoholic beverages during the war and the execution of combat missions.
2154 – Risk Factors For Suicide Among Drug Dependent Individuals
Authors: Razvodovsky Y.E. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionSuicide is a major global social and public health problem. Drug abuse is considered a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior. Research evidence suggests that some drug addicts may be more likely to engage in suicidal behavior.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of drug-dependent individuals who committed suicide.MethodsThe social and demographic profiles of drug-dependent individuals who committed suicide in Belarus between 1995 and 2010 were investigated.ResultsThe use of illicit drugs has increased dramatically during last two decades in Belarus. Suicide is the fifth leading cause of death among drug-dependent population in this country. 92 suicide cases (84 males, mean age 34.9 ± 1.2 and 8 females, mean age 35.6 ± 1.4) among drug addicts in Belarus from 1995 to 2010 were registered. 92.4% of suicide victims used opiates. 53.3% of drug addicts had a criminal record. The majority of suicide victims (68%) suffered comorbid disorders. The most common disorders were viral hepatitis (30%), HIV (20%) and alcohol dependence (18%). 95.7% of drug addicts have committed suicide by hanging.ConclusionsA number of risk factors for suicide such as opiates use, comorbid disorders and criminal activity among drugdependent individuals have been identified. It is important to identify those individuals with drug dependence that might be at particularly high risk for suicide.
2155 – Pilot Supervision Programme (psp) For High Risk Patients In The Community
Authors: Lee C. , Hariram J. , Chan M.C. , Alexander M. , Ong S.H. 
Published: July 2013

The Community Treatment Order (CTO) Programme has been in place in several countries and encompasses the legislative requirement of a group of psychiatric patients to receive psychiatric treatment.The Institute of Mental Health (IMH),Singapore has implemented a pilot supervision programme (PSP) that contains elements of the CTO programme (but without the requirement for legislative changes).The objective of PSP is to engage patients with serious mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, delusional disorder, bipolar disorder (as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV criteria) to continue to receive treatment while living in the community, the least restrictive environment.This paper focuses on the implementation of Phase 1 of PSP. Phase 1 which cover a period of one year focuses on ‘high-risk‘ patients who suffer from a major psychiatric disorder and had 3 and more inpatient admissions over the past 1 year. They are then divided into 3 groups (70 each):1)Group 1: Receiving standard community mental health treatment (monthly visit) and service is chargeable.2)Group 2: Same as Group 1 but service is pro-bono.3)Group 3: Receiving intensive community mental health treatment (weekly visit) and service is pro-bono.In addition, patients in Group 2 and 3 will also receive incentives such as welfare voucher.The results of Phase 1 will provide a better understanding of the patient's motivation and/or compliance for treatment and forms the test bed for Phase 2 which will include psychiatric patients with significant Axis II diagnoses.
2158 – Low Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor And Interleukin-8 In Cerebrospinal Fluid Of Suicide Attempters
Authors: Isung J. , Aeinehband S. , Mobarrez F. , Mårtensson B. , Nordström P. , Åsberg M. , Piehl F. , Jokinen J. 
Published: July 2013

Immune system dysregulation influencing pathways for cytokine activity and growth factor expression is implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders.In this study we analysed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines and growth factors with an ultra sensitive immunoassay system in 43 medication free suicide attempters and 20 healthy male volunteers.CSF Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CSF interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were significantly lower in suicide attempters compared to healthy controls. Further, CSF VEGF showed a significant negative correlation with depression severity as measured with MADRS.Low CSF levels of VEGF may represent a lack of trophic support to neurons and downregulation of neurogenesis in important areas such as the hippocampus reflecting more severe depressive states. IL-8 has also been reported as important in neuroprotection and is commonly known for its chemokine activity in the innate immune response.The results support a role for a dysregulation in immune system activation in the pathophysiology of depression and suicidal behaviour. Innate immunity may have a critical role in these mechanisms.