bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic Transfusion Strategies in Children Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE Consensus Conference
Authors: Nellis Marianne E. , Moynihan Katie M. , Sloan Steven R. , Delaney Meghan , Kneyber Martin C.J. , DiGeronimo Robert , Alexander Peta M.A. , Muszynski Jennifer A. , Gehred Alison , Lyman Elizabeth , Karam Oliver ,   for the Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE), in collaboration with the Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network, and the Pediatric ECMO subgroup of PALISI and the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (PediECMO)
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To derive systematic-review informed, modified Delphi consensus regarding prophylactic transfusions in neonates and children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) from the Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE.

DATA SOURCES:
A structured literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases from January 1988 to May 2020, with an update in May 2021.

STUDY SELECTION:
Included studies assessed use of prophylactic blood product transfusion in pediatric ECMO.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two authors reviewed all citations independently, with a third independent reviewer resolving conflicts. Thirty-three references were used for data extraction and informed recommendations. Evidence tables were constructed using a standardized data extraction form.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Forty-eight experts met over 2 years to develop evidence-informed recommendations and, when evidence was lacking, expert-based consensus statements or good practice statements for prophylactic transfusion strategies for children supported with ECMO. A web-based modified Delphi process was used to build consensus via the Research And Development/University of California Appropriateness Method. Consensus was based on a modified Delphi process with agreement defined as greater than 80%. We developed two good practice statements, 4 weak recommendations, and three expert consensus statements.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite the frequency with which pediatric ECMO patients are transfused, there is insufficient evidence to formulate evidence-based prophylactic transfusion strategies.
Anticoagulation Monitoring and Targets: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE Consensus Conference
Authors: Ozment Caroline , Alexander Peta M.A. , Chandler Wayne , Emani Sitaram , Hyslop Robert , Monagle Paul , Muszynski Jennifer A. , Willems Ariane , Gehred Alison , Lyman Elizabeth , Steffen Katherine , Thiagarajan Ravi R. ,   for the Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE), in collaboration with the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network, the Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric ECMO subgroup of PALISI and the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (PediECMO)
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To derive systematic-review informed, modified Delphi consensus regarding anticoagulation monitoring assays and target levels in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for the Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE.

DATA SOURCES:
A structured literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases from January 1988 to May 2021.

STUDY SELECTION:
Anticoagulation monitoring of pediatric patients on ECMO.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two authors reviewed all citations independently, with a third independent reviewer resolving any conflicts. Evidence tables were constructed using a standardized data extraction form.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool or the revised Cochrane risk of bias for randomized trials, as appropriate and the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Forty-eight experts met over 2 years to develop evidence-based recommendations and, when evidence was lacking, expert-based consensus statements for clinical recommendations focused on anticoagulation monitoring and targets, using a web-based modified Delphi process to build consensus (defined as > 80% agreement). One weak recommendation, two consensus statements, and three good practice statements were developed and, in all, agreement greater than 80% was reached. We also derived some resources for anticoagulation monitoring for ECMO clinician use at the bedside.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is insufficient evidence to formulate optimal anticoagulation monitoring during pediatric ECMO, but we propose one recommendation, two consensus and three good practice statements. Overall, the available pediatric evidence is poor and significant gaps exist in the literature.
Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Interventions in Adults With Asthma
Authors: Zampogna Elisabetta , Oliva Federico Mattia , Del Furia Matteo Johann , Cordani Claudio , Lazzarini Stefano Giuseppe , Arienti Chiara 
Published: July 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation programs and other rehabilitation interventions in adults with asthma.

Design
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Results
MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to 31 May 2023. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022331440. Thirty-six randomized controlled trials were analyzed, and only 26 were pooled in the meta-analysis because of the heterogeneity of comparisons and outcomes across the studies. Pulmonary rehabilitation, compared with education associated with breathing exercises, may result in little to no difference in the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (mean difference 0.01 score, 95% confidence interval = −0.48 to 0.50, 163 participants, three studies, low certainty).

Conclusions
Our findings show that pulmonary rehabilitation, compared with education associated with breathing exercises, may result in little to no difference in the impact of asthma on health-related quality of life. Overall, the certainty of evidence was low or very low preventing any firm conclusion on the effects of single or combined rehabilitation interventions.
First-in-Human Demonstration of High-Frequency Electrical Motor Nerve Block
Authors: Knutson Jayme S. , Chepla Kyle J. , Wilson Richard D. , Fu Michael J. , Imka Emily C. , Bender Shane A. , Chae John , Kilgore Kevin L. , Bhadra Niloy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This feasibility study tested the capability of high-frequency stimulation to block muscle contractions elicited by electrical stimulation of the same nerve proximally. During a tendon lengthening surgery in the forearm, the anterior interosseous nerve was exposed. A specialized nerve cuff electrode was placed around the nerve, and a stimulating probe held on the nerve 1 cm proximal to the cuff electrode delivered pulses of current causing the pronator quadratus muscle to contract. Through the cuff electrode, 20-kHz high-frequency stimulation was delivered to the nerve for 10 secs during proximal stimulation. High-frequency stimulation amplitudes between 5 and 10 mA peak-to-peak were tested to determine which produced complete and partial block of the electrically induced contractions. The minimum high-frequency stimulation amplitude that produced complete block was 8 mA, with lower amplitudes producing partial block. In all trials, muscle contractions resumed immediately after high-frequency stimulation was turned off. This demonstration of high-frequency electrical nerve block is a milestone in the road to clinical implementation of high-frequency stimulation mediated motor block for spasticity.
Platelet-Poor Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Acute Thigh Muscle Injuries
Authors: Kruse Ryan C. , Eisenmann Jordan , Glass Natalie A. , Petrachaianan Krit , Wilz Logan 
Published: July 2024

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine whether patients treated with platelet-poor plasma after an acute thigh muscle injury would have a faster return to activity compared with patients treated with platelet-rich plasma.

Design
This quasi-experimental study included 100 patients (ages 16–45) with an acute thigh muscle injury diagnosed by sports ultrasound and treated with either platelet-rich plasma or platelet-poor plasma followed by a course of structured rehabilitation. The primary outcome was the number of days until unrestricted participation in sport, while the secondary outcome was the rate of recurrent injury within 12 mos.

Result
The time until full, unrestricted participation in sport was significantly lower in the platelet-poor plasma group compared with the platelet-rich plasma group for all injury grades, with patients in the platelet-poor plasma group on average returning to unrestricted participation in sport 22.89 days more quickly than the platelet-rich plasma group (P < 0.001). In addition, no significant difference in recurrent injury up to 12 mos after procedure was seen between groups (P = 0.967).

Conclusions
Platelet-poor plasma resulted in faster return to sport than platelet-rich plasma for acute thigh muscle injuries with a noninferior injury recurrence rate. These findings suggest that future high level studies comparing platelet-poor plasma and platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of thigh muscle injuries should be considered.
Promoting running as the best treatment for lower back pain in physiotherapy practice: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Jaster Christina , Klugarová Jitka , Królikowska Aleksandra , Kołcz Anna , Peričić Tina Poklepović , Bała Małgorzata M. , Vrbová Tereza , Becker Roland , Prill Robert 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This project aimed to promote running as the best treatment for lower back pain (LBP) in an outpatient setting.

Introduction:
LBP is one of the most prevalent conditions worldwide. Sixty-two percent of all Germans experience episodes of non-specific back pain at least once a year, with one-fifth developing chronic conditions. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a natural process, contributing to periods of acute LBP. However, the scientific literature and guidelines partially overlook the significance of water management in IVD. This implementation project sought to address this gap by educating patients about this process. Running and/or walking were chosen as general approaches for treatment rather than specific disease-related approaches.

Methods:
This implementation project was conducted in an outpatient physiotherapy clinic in Brandenburg, Germany, utilizing the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework. An evidence-informed clinical audit and feedback strategy was used to measure compliance with ten audit criteria. Five physiotherapists and 20 patients took part in the audits.

Results:
At baseline, only 20% of participating physiotherapists screened for yellow flags regarding psychological issues. However, after project implementation, this criterion scored 100% compliance. Some patients performed exercises independently, but confusion persisted regarding the choice of beneficial exercises. Patients continued running, but those who took a break due to pain expressed uncertainty about resuming.

Conclusions:
The project highlighted the effectiveness of collaborative efforts between patients and therapists to address the issue. The project team's conviction in action and solution strategies serves as the foundation for this collaboration. This implementation strategy provided “running” patients with the confidence to either resume or reintegrate running after an extended break.

Spanish abstract:

http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A222
Introducing multidisciplinary ward rounds in Malawi: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Johnson Beverley , Bennett Clare , Carrier Judith , Watkins Dianne , Mula Chimwemwe , Kazidule Raphael , Salley Pricilla , Klugar Miloslav , Klugarova Jitka 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction:The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) and the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) in the United Kingdom advocate the use of structured multidisciplinary team (MDT) ward rounds since they can enable safe, effective, improved care and enhanced staff satisfaction.Objectives:This project sought to implement best practices for MDT ward rounds in a male medical ward in a hospital in Malawi.Methods:The project was conducted in line with the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework. A baseline audit of MDT ward rounds was conducted with six staff members. Audit criteria consisted of ten best practices, as recommended by JBI, the RCP, and the RCN. Stakeholder meetings were held to review the baseline audit results and highlight areas of non-compliance. JBI's Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) tool was used to identify barriers to compliance with best practices, and a follow-up audit was conducted to determine changes in practice.Results:The results only showed improvement for one criterion, which rose from 33% to 100% (n=6) where nurses attended the ward round.Conclusions:This study demonstrated some challenges in evidence implementation projects and how these can, in part, be overcome. While the results only demonstrated improvement for one criterion, this paper shows how audits can be used to promote best practice, which in this case resulted in nurses being more involved in ward rounds, improvements in MDT communication, enhanced nurse inclusion in decision-making and, consequently, patient care.Spanish abstract:http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A233
Anatomical and functional analysis of the corticospinal tract in an FRDA mouse model
Authors: Nishiyama Misa , Kalambogias John , Imai Fumiyasu , Yang Emily , Lang Sonia , de Nooij Joriene C , Yoshida Yutaka 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFriedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is one of the most common hereditary ataxias. It is caused by a GAA repeat in the first intron of the FXN gene, which encodes an essential mitochondrial protein. Patients suffer from progressive motor dysfunction due to the degeneration of mechanoreceptive and proprioceptive neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and cerebellar dentate nucleus neurons, especially at early disease stages. Postmortem analyses of FRDA patients also indicate pathological changes in motor cortex including in the projection neurons that give rise to the cortical spinal tract (CST). Yet, it remains poorly understood how early in the disease cortical spinal neurons (CSNs) show these alterations, or whether CSN/CST pathology resembles the abnormalities observed in other tissues affected by FXN loss. To address these questions, we examined CSN driven motor behaviors and pathology in the YG8JR FRDA mouse model. We find that FRDA mice show impaired motor skills, exhibit significant reductions in CSN functional output, and, among other pathological changes, show abnormal mitochondrial distributions in CSN neurons and CST axonal tracts. Moreover, some of these alterations were observed as early as two months of age, suggesting that CSN/CST pathology may be an earlier event in FRDA disease than previously appreciated. These studies warrant a detailed mechanistic understanding of how FXN loss impacts CSN health and functionality.
FLT3 is genetically essential for ITD-mutated leukemic stem cells but dispensable for human hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Araujo Joana L , Wagenblast Elvin , Voisin Veronique , McLeod Jessica , Gan Olga I. , Bansal Suraj , Jin Liqing , Mitchell Amanda , Gratton Blaise , Cutting Sarah , Arruda Andrea , Doedens Monica , Capo-Chichi Jose-Mario , Abelson Sagi , Minden Mark D , Wang Jean C. Y. , Sobrinho-Simões Manuel A. , Pinto-do-Ó Perpétua , Lechman Eric , Dick John E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTLeukemic stem cells (LSCs) fuel acute myeloid leukemia (AML) growth and relapse, but therapies tailored towards eradicating LSCs without harming healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are lacking. FLT3 is considered an important therapeutic target due to frequent mutation in AML and association with relapse. However, there has been limited clinical success with FLT3 targeting, suggesting either that FLT3 is not a vulnerability in LSC, or that more potent inhibition is required, a scenario where HSC toxicity could become limiting. We tested these possibilities by ablating FLT3 using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated FLT3 knock-out (FLT3-KO) in human LSCs and HSCs followed by functional xenograft assays. FLT3-KO in LSCs from FLT3-ITD mutated, but not FLT3-WT AMLs, resulted in short-term leukemic grafts of FLT-3-KO edited cells that disappeared by 12 weeks. By contrast, FLT3-KO in HSCs from fetal liver, cord blood and adult bone marrow did not impair multilineage hematopoiesis in primary and secondary xenografts. Our study establishes FLT3 as an ideal therapeutic target where ITD+ LSC are eradicated upon FLT3 deletion, while HSCs are spared. These findings support the development of more potent FLT3-targeting drugs or gene-editing approaches for LSC eradication to improve clinical outcomes.KEY POINTSThe FLT3 gene is essential for ITD-mutated leukemic stem cells (LSCs) to establish and propagate leukemia.Normal human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) do not require FLT3 to engraft and sustain hematopoiesis.
High-Throughput Bioprinting of Spheroids for Scalable Tissue Fabrication
Authors: Kim Myoung Hwan , Singh Yogendra Pratap , Celik Nazmiye , Yeo Miji , Rizk Elias , Hayes Daniel J. , Ozbolat Ibrahim T 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTissue biofabrication that replicates an organ-specific architecture and function requires physiologically-relevant cell densities. Bioprinting using spheroids has the potential to create constructs with native cell densities, but its application is limited due to the lack of practical, scalable techniques. This study presents HITS-Bio (High-throughput Integrated Tissue Fabrication System for Bioprinting), a novel multiarray spheroid bioprinting technology enabling scalable tissue fabrication by rapidly positioning a number of spheroids simultaneously using a digitally-controlled nozzle array (DCNA) platform. HITS-Bio achieves an unprecedented speed, an order of magnitude faster compared to existing techniques while maintaining high cell viability (>90%). The platform’s ability to pattern multiple spheroids simultaneously enhances fabrication rates proportionally to the size of DCNA used. The utility of HITS-Bio was exemplified in multiple applications, including intraoperative bioprinting with microRNA transfected spheroids for calvarial bone regeneration (∼30 mm3) in a rat model achieving a near-complete defect closure (∼91% in 3 weeks and ∼96% in 6 weeks). Additionally, the successful fabrication of scalable cartilage constructs (1 cm3) containing ∼600 chondrogenic spheroids highlights its high-throughput efficiency (under 40 min per construct) and potential for repairing volumetric tissue defects.
Startling acoustic stimuli hasten reflexive choice reaching tasks by strengthening, but not changing the timing of, express visuomotor responses
Authors: Weerdesteyn Vivian , Kearsley Sarah L , Cecala Aaron L , Macpherson Ewan A , Corneil Brian D. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTResponding to an external stimulus takes ∼200 ms, but this can be shortened to as little as ∼120 ms with the additional presentation of a startling acoustic stimulus. This phenomenon is hypothesized to arise from the involuntary release of a prepared movement (aStartReacteffect). However, a startling acoustic stimulus also expedites rapid mid-flight, reactive adjustments to unpredictably displaced targets which could not have been prepared in advance. We surmise that for such rapid visuomotor transformations, intersensory facilitation may occur between auditory signals arising from the startling acoustic stimulus and visual signals relayed along a fast subcortical network. To explore this, we examined how a startling acoustic stimulus shortens reaction times in a task that produces express visuomotor responses, which are brief bursts of muscle activity that arise from a fast tectoreticulospinal network. We measured express visuomotor responses on upper limb muscles in humans as they reached either toward or away from a stimulus in blocks of trials where movements could either be fully prepared or not, occasionally pairing stimulus presentation with a startling acoustic stimulus. The startling acoustic stimulus reliably produced larger but fixed-latency express visuomotor responses in a target-selective manner, and also shortened reaction times, which were equally short for prepared and unprepared movements. Our results provide insights into how a startling acoustic stimulus shortens the latency of reactive movements without full motor preparation. We propose that the reticular formation is the likely node for intersensory convergence during the most rapid transformations of vision into targeted reaching actions.KEY POINTSA startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) shortens reaction times by releasing fully prepared motor programs (the StartReact effect), but can also hasten responses in reflexive tasks without any movement preparationHere we measure the effect of a SAS on reaction times and upper limb muscle recruitment in a reflexive reaching task, focusing on express visuomotor responses that are evoked by visual target presentation and demarcate activity along a subcortical tectoreticulospinal pathwayA SAS robustly increased the magnitude of express visuomotor responses without changing their timing, and this increase was tightly related to the subsequent reaction time even in the absence of motor preparationOur results attest to intersensory facilitation within the tectoreticulospinal pathway, which provides the shortest pathway mediating visuomotor transformations for reachingThese results reconcile discrepant findings by emphasizing the importance of intersensory facilitation in SAS-induced hastening of reaction times in reflexive tasks
Review Protocol: A Scoping Review of Natural Language Processing Technologies for Public Health in Africa
Authors: Hu Songbo , Oppong Abigail , Mogo Ebele , Barford Anna , Occhini Giulia , Collins Charlotte , Korhonen Anna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNatural Language Processing (NLP) is the field of research for a range of computational techniques that enable computers to process human languages, thereby facilitating a variety of tasks such as text analysis and language generation. Recent advancements in NLP have shown great potential in transforming public health delivery by enhancing accessibility, personalisation, and timeliness for both the public and healthcare providers. However, the application of these technologies in African communities is often confined by the limitation of digital resources, such as the scarcity of large-scale, domain-specific datasets, particularly in healthcare. This scoping review aims to systematically explore the landscape of NLP technologies for public health in Africa, identifying the available technologies, factors influencing their availability, and the gaps that need addressing. This review protocol is guided by the PRISMA-P statement. The search strategy will be executed on MEDLINE via PubMed, ACL Anthology, Scopus, IEEE Xplor, and ACM digital library, spanning from 2013 to 2024, and grey literature. The results and analysis will help to illustrate the current state of NLP applications in African public health settings and identify critical areas where investment and development are needed.