bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pyramid Gaussian pooling based CNN and transformer hybrid network for smoke segmentation
Authors: Wang Guiqian , Yuan Feiniu , Li Hongdi , Fang Zhijun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVisual smoke semantic segmentation is a challenging task due to semi‐transparency, variable shapes, and complex textures of smoke. To improve segmentation performance, a convolutional neural network and transformer hybrid network are proposed based on pyramid Gaussian pooling (PGP) for smoke segmentation. In order to utilize low‐pass filtering to suppress noise, a PGP method is designed. Then, the output of PGP is reshaped to construct a set of visual tokens for transformers, thus a PGP‐transformer module is presented to make full use of the self‐attention mechanism. Finally, the PGP‐transformer module is inserted into the U‐shaped architecture with skip connections. A large number of experiments have proved that the method is significantly superior to existing state‐of‐the‐art algorithms on virtual and real smoke datasets, and ablation experiments have also verified the effectiveness of the proposed modules.
An iterative two‐stage PSCOPF method considering line fault uncertainty under typhoon influence
Authors: Zhou Ke , Wu Lifang , Mo Zhiyue , Zhang Biyun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTyphoon weather poses a significant threat to the security and stability of the power system, as it can potentially lead to the disconnection of transmission lines. Concurrently, there exists substantial uncertainty regarding which specific lines may become disconnected under such weather conditions. The preventive security constrained optimal power flow (PSCOPF) is one of the main methods to address this issue. However, the current PSCOPF exhibits low computational efficiency due to the requirement of analysing all line faults through the N‐1 check. Therefore, this paper proposes a PSCOPF method based on two‐stage optimization. Firstly, the concentric relaxation method is employed to screen and obtain the critical line faults, thereby reducing the total quantity of security constraints associated with N‐1 line fault scenarios. Secondly, the incorporation of scenario transition constraints is introduced to decompose the PSCOPF model into OPF (optimal power flow) models under N‐0 scenarios and N‐1 critical line fault scenarios, then solve iteratively to achieve multi‐scenario decoupling. Finally, the proposed method was validated on the IEEE30 test system to demonstrate its capability to ensure economics in the N‐0 scenario and security in N‐1 scenarios.
NA61/SHINE Overview
Authors: Podlaski Piotr 
Published: June 2024

NA61/SHINE is a multipurpose fixed-target experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The main goals of the NA61/SHINE strong interaction program are to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter as well as to study the properties of produced particles relevant for the study of the onset of deconfinement – the transition between the state of hadronic matter and the quark-gluon plasma. An analysis of hadron production properties is performed in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions as a function of collision energy and size of the colliding nuclei to achieve these goals.The NA61/SHINE results from a strong interaction measurement program are presented. In particular, the latest results from different reactions Ar+Sc, Xe+La, and Pb+Pb on hadron spectra and fluctuations are discussed. Additionally, the recent measurements of kaon production in Ar+Sc collisions at √SNN= 11.94 GeV are mentioned. The NA61/SHINE results are compared with worldwide experiments and predictions of various models, like EPOS, PHSD, UrQMD, and others.
Differenzialdiagnose zur malignen Neoplasie: Nasopharyngeale Masse
bei einer Katze mit nasaler Kryptokokkose in Deutschland
Authors: Rösch Sarah , Rickerts Volker , Mikić Manon , Wilmes Dunja , Beineke Andreas , Mischke Reinhard 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungEine 2-jährige Norwegische Waldkatze wurde aufgrund von bilateralem, eitrigem
Nasenausfluss und Stertor vorgestellt. Eine Computertomografie (CT) des Kopfes
zeigte eine intranasale Masse der linken Nasenhöhle, die sich bis hinter die
Tubenöffnungen erstreckte und den Nasenrachen vollständig verlegte. Die
Rhinoskopie bestätigte eine rosafarbene, speckige Masse. In der CT zeigten sich
beide Kompartimente des rechten Mittelohres mit weichteilisodensem Material
gefüllt. Die knöcherne Umrandung des Mittelohres war nicht verändert. Nach
endoskopisch gestützter Eröffnung des Trommelfells (Tympanozentese) erwies sich
die Füllung in dem einsehbaren, dorsolateralen Kompartiment neben weißlichem,
hochviskosem Sekret als klassisches polypöses Gewebe. Es wurde der Verdacht
einer sekundären Otitis media aufgrund einer Abflussstörung geäußert.Mit einem endoskopisch-interventionellem Zugang durch das Nasenloch wurde die
nasopharyngeale Masse für die histopathologische Untersuchung sowie zur
Wiederherstellung des nasalen Atemweges und zur Ermöglichung der Tubendrainage
abgetragen. Im Gegensatz zu Katzen mit klassischen, malignen Neoplasien der
Nasenhöhle zeigten sich bei dem Kater mehrere Ansatzpunkte der Zubildung und
mehrere wellenförmige Erhebungen bilateral in der nasopharyngealen
Schleimhaut.Die zytologische und histopathologische Untersuchung identifizierte die Masse als
Pilzgranulom im Rahmen einer in Deutschland nur selten beobachteten
Kryptokokken-Infektion. Die molekulargenetische Analyse bestätigte eine
Infektion mit Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii.Ein einmaliges intranasales und nasopharyngeales endoskopisches Débridement hatte
innerhalb von 14 Tagen zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der klinischen Befunde
und einer vollständigen Ausheilung des rechten Mittelohres (inklusive des
Trommelfells) geführt, jedoch nicht zu einer vollständigen Heilung der
Erkrankung. Der Kater wurde deshalb nach Erhalt des
Cryptococcus-positiven Befundes über mehrere Wochen mit oraler
Itraconazol-Lösung therapiert.Der Fallbericht zeigt, dass auch in Deutschland die Kryptokokkose bei Katzen
vorkommen kann. In der Endoskopie zeigt sich eine nasopharyngeale Masse mit
multiplen Ansatzpunkten, was für eine Neoplasie untypisch ist. Für eine Therapie
ist neben der empfohlenen Entfernung der Masse nach aktuellem Wissensstand die
orale Gabe von systemischen Antimykotika dringend anzuraten.
Drei auf einen Streich – Ein Plattenepithelkarzinom auf einem Lupus pernio und einer Erfrierung in nur einer Gesichtshälfte – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Mozaffari Marco , Fünfer Kristina , Bader Stefanie , Thölken Karisa Farias Miksza , Yilmaz Pelinsu , Welzel Julia , Schuh Sandra 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungAktuell gibt es keine Beschreibung eines kombinierten Auftretens von kutaner Sarkoidose, genauer eines Lupus pernio, einer durch Erfrierung vorgeschädigten Haut sowie eines Plattenepithelkarzinoms im selben Hautareal. Anhand unserer Kasuistik möchten wir einige Charakteristika der unterschiedlichen Effloreszenzen darstellen, hierbei auch anhand aktueller dermatologischer Bildgebungsverfahren wie der optischen Kohärenztomografie (OCT) und der Line-field konfokalen optischen Kohärenztomografie (LC-OCT). Durch die Evaluation des Patientenverlaufs möchten wir auf eine mögliche Inkludierung der Verfahren in die klinische Routine hinweisen, um sowohl Diagnostik als auch Therapie zu erleichtern. Da es sich um eine seltene Symptomkonstellation handelt, soll unsere Fallbeschreibung weiterhin den Therapieerfolg einer multimodalen topischen und systemischen Therapie verdeutlichen.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided entero-colostomy with lumen-apposing metal stent as a rescue treatment for malignant intestinal occlusion: a multicenter study
Authors: Neri Benedetto , Stigliano Serena , Biasutto Dario , Citterio Nicolò , Lisotti Andrea , Fusaroli Pietro , Mangiavillano Benedetto , Donatelli Gianfranco , Tonini Giuseppe , Di Matteo Francesco Maria 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Surgery is the first-choice treatment for malignant intestinal obstruction (MIO); however, many patients are deemed unfit for surgery. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided entero-colostomy (EUS-EC) with a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) could represent a new treatment option.
Methods Consecutive patients undergoing EUS-EC for MIO from November 2021 to September 2023 at four European tertiary referral centers were retrospectively enrolled. Multidisciplinary meetings determined whether patients were unsuitable for surgery or colonic stent placement, or refused surgery. The primary outcome was technical success of EUS-EC and secondary outcomes were clinical outcome, safety, and hospital stay.
Results 12 patients were enrolled (median age 72.5 [range 42–85] years; 58.3% female). Colonic adenocarcinoma was the primary tumor in 75.0% of patients and 91.7% had stage IV disease. Technical success was 100%. No LAMS misdeployment or other procedural adverse events occurred; three patients (25.0%) had severe post-procedural complications. Clinical success was achieved in 10 patients (83.3%), with 5 (50.0%) resuming chemotherapy after the procedure. Median post-procedural hospital stay was 9 (1–20) days and median overall survival was 47.5 (2–270) days.
Conclusions EUS-EC was a feasible technique and could be considered a possible alternative to standard approaches for MIO in highly selected patients.
Ultradiluted Homeopathic Medicines Cause Apoptosis in RPMI-8226 Multiple Myeloma Cells in vitro: a Pilot Study
Authors: Altinok Gunes Buket , Kilic Murat , Ozkan Tulin , Gonulkirmaz Nurbanu , Guven Nurcihan , Sunguroglu Asuman 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common type of cancer among hematological malignancies and is difficult to treat. Although controversial in nature, homeopathy's effects have been tested on a wide range of cancer cell types in vitro, as well as clinically. However, homeopathic medicines have yet to be tested in MM cells. In this preliminary study, we investigated the effects of Arsenicum album, Hecla lava, Carcinosinum and Carboneum sulphuratum 200C on a human MM cell line.
Methods The RPMI-8226 MM cell line was cultured in vitro for up to 96 hours and treated with each of four homeopathic preparations. The spectrophotometric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometric Annexin V-PE/7-actinomycin D (7-AAD) and propidium iodide (PI) staining were each used to examine cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle, respectively.
Results The MTT assay showed that all four homeopathic preparations reduced cell viability over time when compared to the control group cells, especially at 72 and 96 hours whereby only 50% of cells remained viable. Similarly, after 96 hours of treatment, the proportion of viable cells was significantly decreased and the proportion of early apoptotic (Annexin-V-PE +/7AAD-) cells was significantly increased for all four homeopathic preparations. Based on the PI-staining cell cycle data, cells treated with Hecla lava and Carboneum sulphuratum showed a statistically significant accumulation in the sub-G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle (p < 0.05).
Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate that each of four homeopathic medicines causes apoptosis in a MM cell line. Further exploration of the potential of Arsenicum album, Hecla lava, Carcinosinum and Carboneum sulphuratum as a complementary therapeutic option in MM is warranted.
Modeling total distribution velocity
Authors: Hirche Martin , Völckner Franziska , Trinh Giang , Göbl Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor retailers and suppliers, keeping track of distribution velocity, which refers to the market-share gains per additional point of distribution, is important to assess the performance of their products in a market. Common distribution-velocity models use distribution-breadth metrics. However, distribution-breadth metrics lack the variability needed to meaningfully differentiate competing brands. This article presents a new approach for modeling distribution-velocity using weighted total distribution, which combines distribution-breadth and distribution-depth. Using retail scanner data from the U.S. market covering a total of 1682 brands in 12,049 stores across five channel types, we propose total-distribution models that are easier to specify, better reveal the differences in distribution between brands, and thus improve competitive benchmarking. This novel modeling approach based on total distribution serves as a pivotal contribution by providing an effective analytical tool for competitive benchmarking in diverse market environments. It allows brands to increase their market-share by spending on a fair share of total distribution. These findings highlight the usefulness of a total-distribution metric as a measure of competitive distribution coverage to support product-portfolio and category-management decisions.
Open-source device for high sensitivity magnetic particle spectroscopy, relaxometry, and hysteresis loop tracing
Authors: Mattingly E. , Barksdale A. C. , Śliwiak M. , Chacon-Caldera J. , Mason E. E. , Wald L. L. 
Published: June 2024

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used extensively across numerous disciples, with applications including Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), targeted hyperthermia, deep brain stimulation, immunoassays, and thermometry. The assessment of MNPs, especially those being designed for MPI, is performed with magnetic particle spectrometers, relaxometers, loop tracers, or similar devices. Despite the many applications and the need for particle assessment, there are few consolidated resources for designing or building such a MNP assessment system. Here, we describe the design and performance of an open-source device capable of spectroscopy, relaxometry, and loop tracing. We show example measurements from the device and quantify the detection sensitivity by measuring a dilution series of Synomag-D 70 nm (from 0.5 mg Fe/ml to 7 ng Fe/ml) with a 10 mT drive field at 23.8 kHz. The device measures 260 pg Fe with SNR = 1 and 1.3 ng at SNR = 5 in spectroscopy mode in under one second of measurement time. The system has a dynamic range of 60 μg to 260 pg Fe without changing the hardware configuration. As an example application, we characterize Synomag-D’s relaxation time constant for drive fields 2–18 mT and compare the magnetization responses of two commonly used MNPs.
Voice and transitivity in Äiwoo and Engdewu
Authors: Næss Åshild 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the structural and functional links between symmetrical voice systems, typologically unusual and characteristic of western Austronesian languages, and systems of accusative alignment. It compares the clausal patterns of two closely related languages, Äiwoo and Engdewu, where one is analysed as having symmetrical voice and the other as having accusative alignment. It argues that the usage patterns in Äiwoo point towards a possible path of reanalysis from one type of system to another, and that this involves two key factors: increased importance of referentiality of the patient argument as a condition for the choice between two alternative constructions, and loss of the distinction between subject and nonsubject actors in two domains of grammar. Referentiality in particular, being a key factor in the concept of transitivity as it is understood in the typological literature, provides a promising avenue for better understanding the relationships between the two types of system.
Hexadecapole at the heart of nonlinear electromagnetic fields
Authors: Bokulić Ana , Jurić Tajron , Smolić Ivica 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In classical Maxwell’s electromagnetism, the monopole term of the electric field is proportional to r
−2, while higher order multipole terms, sourced by anisotropic sources, fall-off faster. However, in nonlinear electromagnetism even a spherically symmetric field has multipole-like contributions. We prove that the leading subdominant term of the electric field, defined by nonlinear electromagnetic Lagrangian obeying Maxwellian weak field limit, in a static, spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat spacetime, is of the order

O
(

r

−
6

)

as

r
→
∞

. Moreover, using Lagrange inversion theorem and Faà di Bruno’s formula, we derive the series expansion of the electric field from the Taylor series of an analytic electromagnetic Lagrangian.
Characterizing fabric crease recovery through sequential image analysis
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Wang Lei , Li Zhongjian , Pan Ruru , Zhou Jian , Gao Weidong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Crease recovery is the ability of a fabric to revert to its original condition after deformation or folding. This recovery process is intricately linked to several fabric properties, including fiber content, yarn structure, weave, fabric finish, and mechanical treatments. Based on the dynamic nature of crease recovery, this paper employs sequential image analysis to track the velocity of fabric crease recovery at different positions and extract simple metrics for measuring fabric shape retention. In each image, the contour of the creased sample is detected, and the contour is modeled by a Gaussian function to calculate its barycenter. The barycenter of a crease is the point in space where the mass of the crease is concentrated, reflecting the shape and position of the crease. During the recovery process, the translation of the barycenter of the creased sample can be determined from the sequential images, leading to the calculation of crease’s recovery velocity. Experimental results demonstrate a linear relationship between the barycentric velocity and logarithmic time. The slope of the resulting fit line, designated as the crease coefficient k, serves as a singular metric for assessing the fabric’s shape retention following the release of the crease. This methodology is benchmarked against traditional fabric crease behavior tests, including the draping coefficient, bending length, and crease recovery angle. It demonstrates that the crease coefficient k offers greater reliability and accuracy across tests on 10 diverse fabric samples, which varied in terms of fiber content, weave, yarn size, and density.
Integrable operators,

∂
―

-problems, KP and NLS hierarchy
Authors: Bertola M , Grava T , Orsatti G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We develop the theory of integrable operators

K

acting on a domain of the complex plane with smooth boundary in analogy with the theory of integrable operators acting on contours of the complex plane. We show how the resolvent operator is obtained from the solution of a

∂
―

-problem in the complex plane. When such a

∂
―

-problem depends on auxiliary parameters we define its Malgrange one form in analogy with the theory of isomonodromic problems. We show that the Malgrange one form is closed and coincides with the exterior logarithmic differential of the Hilbert–Carleman determinant of the operator

K

. With suitable choices of the setup we show that the Hilbert–Carleman determinant is a τ-function of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) or nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchies.
Mechanical metastructure with embedded phononic crystal for flexural wave attenuation
Authors: Liu Long , Wan Kim Ji , Yoon Gil Ho , Yi Bing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Destructive interference-based metamaterials have shown excellent characteristics in elastic wave manipulation and vibration attenuation. Nevertheless, challenges persist in the application due to limited space and lightweight design, as current metastructures require additional beam structure. To simplify the design of metamaterials for flexural wave manipulation, this paper presents a new class of embedded phononic crystal for manipulating flexural wave propagation in both one and two-dimensional space by taking advantage of destructive interference, which can effectively suppress the mechanical vibration of a beam structure with a broad band gap. The flexural wave dispersion characteristic in a non-uniform beam structure is derived based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, and an embedded phononic structure with the mechanism of destructive interference is presented to demonstrate its effectiveness in mitigating mechanical vibration. Subsequently, four typical units of embedded phononic structures are designed for attenuating flexural wave propagation in a beam structure. Finally, both numerical simulations, including one and two-dimensional phononic crystals, and physical experiments are implemented to evaluate the performance of the presented metastructure for flexural wave manipulation, which indicates that the proposed embedded phononic structures can effectively mitigate structural vibration in the low-frequency domain. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt to design the metabeam with embedded phononic structures by taking advantage of destructive interference.
A platform to study defect-induced behavior in high-temperature superconductor cables
Authors: Ibekwe Richard T , Riva Nicolò , Whyte Dennis G , Sanchez Vanessa J , Hartwig Zachary S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
High-temperature superconductor (HTS) cables and magnets are enabling a range of high-current and high-field applications, including compact fusion devices aiming to achieve net energy. Defects in HTS pose manufacturing, cost, and operational challenges. A rigorous understanding and predictive capability for defect-induced behavior at relevant scale has not been established. To address this shortcoming, we have developed a cable-level defect characterization experimental platform coupled to high-fidelity computational modeling. The cable (

I
c

∼

438 A at 77.4 K, self-field) comprises a non-twisted 70 cm-long copper former containing a soldered stack of five rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tapes (each with

I
c

= 115.7 A/4 mm-w at 77.4 K, self-field), which can contain a variety of induced defects. Spatially-resolved electric fields are measured with a high-density voltage tap array and absolute current distribution with six custom-wound embedded Rogowski coils. 3D circuit modeling uses nodal analysis and self-consistently accounts for the magnetic field dependence of critical current. The model successfully predicts the experimentally measured spatial and operating current dependencies of electric field and current distribution with no defects, one defect, and two defects, validating the defect characterization platform as a tool for improving the design, cost, fabrication, and operation of REBCO cables.
Primordial black holes and induced gravitational waves in non-singular matter bouncing cosmology
Authors: Papanikolaou Theodoros , Banerjee Shreya , Cai Yi-Fu , Capozziello Salvatore , Saridakis Emmanuel N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present a novel model-independent generic mechanism for primordial black hole formation within the context of non-singular matter bouncing cosmology. In particular, considering a short transition from the matter contracting phase to the Hot Big Bang expanding Universe, we find naturally enhanced curvature perturbations on very small scales which can collapse and form primordial black holes. Interestingly, the primordial black hole masses that we find can lie within the observationally unconstrained asteroid-mass window, potentially explaining the totality of dark matter. Remarkably, the enhanced curvature perturbations, collapsing to primordial black holes, can induce as well a stochastic gravitational-wave background, being potentially detectable by future experiments, in particular by SKA, PTAs, LISA and ET, hence serving as a new portal to probe the bouncing nature of the initial conditions prevailing in the early Universe.