bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What People Living With Aphasia Think About the Availability of Aphasia Resources
Authors: Hinckley Jacqueline J. , Hasselkus Amy , Ganzfried Ellayne 
Published: May 2013

Purpose
Obtaining health information and resources can influence an individual's (a) access to services, (b) interactions with health care providers, and (c) ability to manage one's own health needs. The purpose of this study was to gather the perceptions of consumers living with aphasia about resource availability and information needs.

Method
An online survey of consumers in the United States was conducted about the availability of aphasia resources. Analysis of survey responses and comments formed the basis for focus group questions. Four focus groups consisting of persons with aphasia and their caregivers were conducted to explore the survey response themes more deeply.

Results

Survey respondents (
N
= 302) rated aphasia resources as “somewhat difficult to find.” Topics ranked as most important by these respondents were (a) how to keep improving, (b) communication strategies, (c) aphasia treatment techniques, (d) coping strategies, and (e) strategies for caregivers. Survey comments and focus group themes suggested that accessing information is difficult, health care providers are not perceived to know about aphasia resources, and there is a lack of public awareness of aphasia that is a barrier to finding information and resources.

Conclusion
Understanding how people living with aphasia seek information may allow us to better tailor access to resources in the future.
Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago
Authors: Wittke James H. , Weaver James C. , Bunch Ted E. , Kennett James P. , Kennett Douglas J. , Moore Andrew M. T. , Hillman Gordon C. , Tankersley Kenneth B. , Goodyear Albert C. , Moore Christopher R. , Daniel I. Randolph , Ray Jack H. , Lopinot Neal H. , Ferraro David , Israde-Alcántara Isabel , Bischoff James L. , DeCarli Paul S. , Hermes Robert E. , Kloosterman Johan B. , Revay Zsolt , Howard George A. , Kimbel David R. , Kletetschka Gunther , Nabelek Ladislav , Lipo Carl P. , Sakai Sachiko , West Allen , Firestone Richard B. 
Published: May 2013

SignificanceWe present detailed geochemical and morphological analyses of nearly 700 spherules from 18 sites in support of a major cosmic impact at the onset of the Younger Dryas episode (12.8 ka). The impact distributed ∼10 million tonnes of melted spherules over 50 million square kilometers on four continents. Origins of the spherules by volcanism, anthropogenesis, authigenesis, lightning, and meteoritic ablation are rejected on geochemical and morphological grounds. The spherules closely resemble known impact materials derived from surficial sediments melted at temperatures >2,200 °C. The spherules correlate with abundances of associated melt-glass, nanodiamonds, carbon spherules, aciniform carbon, charcoal, and iridium.
Variations in Identification of Healthcare-Associated Infections
Authors: Keller Sara C. , Linkin Darren R. , Fishman Neil O. , Lautenbach Ebbing 
Published: May 2013

Objective.Little is known about whether those performing healthcare-associated infection (HAI) surveillance vary in their interpretations of HAI definitions developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). Our primary objective was to characterize variations in these interpretations using clinical vignettes. We also describe predictors of variation in responses.Design.Cross-sectional study.Setting.United States.Participants.A sample of US-based members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network.Methods.Respondents assessed whether each of 6 clinical vignettes met criteria for an NHSN-defined HAI. Individual- and institutional-level data were also gathered.Results.Surveys were distributed to 143 SHEA Research Network members from 126 hospitals. In total, 113 responses were obtained, representing at least 61 unique hospitals (30 respondents did not identify a hospital); 79.2% (84 of 106 nonmissing responses) were infection preventionists, and 79.4% (81 of 102 nonmissing responses) worked at academic hospitals. Among the 6 vignettes, the proportion of respondents correctly characterizing the vignettes was as low as 27.3%. Combining all 6 vignettes, the mean percentage of correct responses was 61.1% (95% confidence interval, 57.7%–63.8%). Percentage of correct responses was associated with presence of a clinical background (ie, nursing or physician degrees) but not with hospital size or infection prevention and control department characteristics.Conclusions.Substantial heterogeneity exists in the application of HAI definitions in this survey of infection preventionists and hospital epidemiologists. Our data suggest a need to better clarify these definitions, especially when comparing HAI rates across institutions.
Evaluating Application of the National Healthcare Safety Network
Central Line—Associated Bloodstream Infection Surveillance Definition: A Survey of Pediatric Intensive Care and Hematology/Oncology Units
Authors: Gaur Aditya H. , Miller Marlene R. , Gao Cuilan , Rosenberg Carol , Morrell Gloria C. , Coffin Susan E. , Huskins W. Charles 
Published: May 2013

Objective.To evaluate the application of the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) definition in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and pediatric hematology/oncology units (PHOUs) participating in a multicenter quality improvement collaborative to reduce CLABSIs; to identify sources of variability in the application of the definition.Design.Online survey using 18 standardized case scenarios. Each described a positive blood culture in a patient and required a yes-or-no answer to the question “Is this a CLABSI?” NHSN staff responses were the reference standard.Setting.Sixty-five US PICUs and PHOUs.Participants.Staff who routinely adjudicate CLABSIs using NHSN definitions.Results.Sixty responses were received from 58 (89%) of 65 institutions; 78% of respondents were infection preventionists, infection control officers, or infectious disease physicians. Responses matched those of NHSN staff for 78% of questions. The mean (SE) percentage of concurring answers did not differ for scenarios evaluating application of 1 of the 3 criteria (“known pathogen,” 78% [1.7%]; “skin contaminant, >1 year of age,” 76% [SE, 2.5%]; “skin contaminant, ≤1 year of age,” 81% [3.8%]; P = .3 ). The mean percentage of concurring answers was lower for scenarios requiring respondents to determine whether a CLABSI was present or incubating on admission (64% [4.6%]; P = .017) or to distinguish between primary and secondary bacteremia (65% [2.5%]; P = .021).Conclusions.The accuracy of application of the CLABSI definition was suboptimal. Efforts to reduce variability in identifying CLABSIs that are present or incubating on admission and in distinguishing primary from secondary bloodstream infection are needed.
Infection Related to Implantable Central Venous Access Devices in Cancer Patients: Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Authors: Freire Maristela P. , Pierrotti Ligia C. , Zerati Antônio E. , Araújo Pedro H. X. N. , Motta-Leal-Filho J. M. , Duarte Laiane P. G. , Ibrahim Karim Y. , Souza Antonia A. L. , Diz Maria P. E. , Pereira Juliana , Hoff Paulo M. , Abdala Edson 
Published: May 2013

Objective.To describe the epidemiology of infections related to the use of implantable central venous access devices (CVADs) in cancer patients and to evaluate measures aimed at reducing the rates of such infections.Design.Prospective cohort study.Setting.Referral hospital for cancer in São Paulo, Brazil.Patients.We prospectively evaluated all implantable CVADs employed between January 2009 and December 2011. Inpatients and outpatients were followed until catheter removal, transfer to another facility, or death.Methods.Outcome measures were bloodstream infection and pocket infection. We also evaluated the effects that the creation of a multidisciplinary team for CVAD care, avoiding in-hospital implantation of CVADs, and limiting CVAD insertion in neutropenic patients have on the rates of such infections.Results.During the study period, 966 CVADs (mostly venous ports) were implanted in 933 patients, for a combined total of 243,792 catheter-days. We identified 184 episodes of infection: 154 (84%) were bloodstream infections, 21 (11%) were pocket infections, and 9 (5%) were surgical site infections. During the study period, the rate of CVAD-related infection dropped from 2.2 to 0.24 per 1,000 catheter-days (P< .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that relevant risk factors for such infection include surgical reintervention, implantation in a neutropenic patient, in-hospital implantation, use of a cuffed catheter, and nonchemotherapy indication for catheter use.Conclusions.Establishing a multidisciplinary team specifically focused on CVAD care, together with systematic reporting of infections, appears to reduce the rates of infection related to the use of these devices.
Emergence of the Arctic Themisto libellula (Amphipoda: Hyperiidae) on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf as a result of the recent cooling, and its potential impact on the pelagic food web
Authors: Pinchuk Alexei I. , Coyle Kenneth O. , Farley Edward V. , Renner Heather M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPinchuk, A. I., Coyle, K. O., Farley, E. V., and Renner, H. M. 2013. Emergence of the Arctic Themisto libellula (Amphipoda: Hyperiidae) on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf as a result of the recent cooling, and its potential impact on the pelagic food web. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1244–1254. The eastern Bering Sea shelf experienced a sequence of warm years after a regime shift in the late 1970s. Following a series of unusually warm years in the early 2000s, the climate shifted again in 2007 to a series of extremely cold years that were marked by intense ice coverage and late ice retreat. Spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton communities during the recent cold period was investigated as part of the collaborative BEST-BSIERP program. An increasing presence of the Arctic hyperiid Themisto libellula, which had not been reported from the southeastern Bering Sea since the 1970s, was observed in the Middle Shelf Domain, indicating a developing structural shift in the zooplankton community in response to continuous cold conditions. Simultaneously, T. libellula became an increasingly dominant prey in the diets of zooplanktivorous fish and seabirds, demonstrating the important role for T. libellula in the pelagic food web. Our analysis suggests that T. libellula is capable of controlling copepod populations, thus it may become a potential contributor to top-down regulation of Calanus spp. in the eastern Bering Sea.
Evidence for density-dependent changes in body condition and pregnancy rate of North Atlantic fin whales over four decades of varying environmental conditions
Authors: Williams Rob , Vikingsson Gisli A. , Gislason Astthor , Lockyer Christina , New Leslie , Thomas Len , Hammond Philip S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWilliams, R., Vikingsson, G. A., Gislason, A., Lockyer, C., New, L., Thomas, L., and Hammond, P. S. 2013. Evidence for density-dependent changes in body condition and pregnancy rate of North Atlantic fin whales over four decades of varying environmental conditions. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1273–1280. A central theme in ecology is the search for pattern in the response of a species to changing environmental conditions. Natural resource management and endangered species conservation require an understanding of density-dependent and density-independent factors that regulate populations. Marine mammal populations are expected to express density dependence in the same way as terrestrial mammals, but logistical difficulties in data acquisition for many large whale species have hindered attempts to identify population-regulation mechanisms. We explored relationships between body condition (inferred from patterns in blubber thickness) and per capita prey abundance, and between pregnancy rate and body condition in North Atlantic fin whales as environmental conditions and population size varied between 1967 and 2010. Blubber thickness in both males and females declined at low per capita prey availability, and in breeding-age females, pregnancy rate declined at low blubber thickness, demonstrating a density-dependent response of pregnancy to prey limitation mediated through body condition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a quantitative relationship among per capita prey abundance, body condition, and pregnancy rate has been documented for whales. As long-lived predators, marine mammals can act as indicators of the state of marine ecosystems. Improving our understanding of the relationships that link prey, body condition, and population parameters such as pregnancy rate and survival will become increasingly useful as these systems are affected by natural and anthropogenic change. Quantifying linkages among prey, fitness and vital rates will improve our ability to predict population consequences of subtle, sublethal impacts of ocean noise and other anthropogenic stressors.
Genetic Variation and Association Mapping of Protein Concentration in Brown Rice Using a Diverse Rice Germplasm Collection
Authors: Bryant Rolfe J. , Jackson Aaron K. , Yeater Kathleen M. , Yan Wengui G. , McClung Anna M. , Fjellstrom Robert G. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTProtein is the second most abundant constituent in the rice grain next to starch. Association analysis for protein concentration in brown rice was performed using a “mini‐core” collection, which represents the germplasm diversity found in the USDA rice world collection. Protein concentration was determined in replicated trials conducted in two southern U.S. locations, and association mapping was performed by using 157 genomewide DNA markers. Protein concentration ranged from 5.4 to 11.9% among the 202 accessions. Protein variation owing to accession and accession × location interaction were highly significant. Ample variation was seen within each subpopulation by ancestry, as well as within the 14 geographic regions where the accessions originated. Accessions from Eastern Europe had the highest level of protein. Ten markers on eight chromosomes were significantly associated with protein concentration. Five of these markers occurred near known protein precursor genes or quantitative trait loci, and the other five markers were novel for the association with protein concentration in rice. The germplasm and genetic markers identified in this study will assist breeders in developing cultivars tailored for applications requiring specific protein concentration in the rice grain. The research results contribute to the potential discovery of novel rice storage protein pathways in the endosperm.
Correlation of Sensory, Cooking, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Whole Grain Rice with Diverse Bran Color
Authors: Bett‐Garber Karen L. , Lea Jeanne M. , McClung Anna M. , Chen Ming‐Hsuan 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWhole grain rice is nutrient dense because of the intact bran layer. The literature indicates that there is genetic variability for compounds in the bran layer of whole grain rice with some compounds in high concentrations in varieties with pigmented bran. The purpose of this study was to compare factors that impact sensory characteristics between different classes of rice bran color. Ten varieties, two from each of five bran colors (white, light brown, brown, red, and purple), were evaluated for descriptive flavor and texture, physical characteristics, gelatinization temperature, apparent amylose content, and polyphenols. Rice that has red or purple pigmented bran has higher contents of phenols and flavonoids, and these varieties were strongly correlated with some flavor attributes. The bran/hay/straw attribute correlated with bran weight and bran thickness, and sweet taste negatively correlated with amylose content. The texture attribute of hardness was significantly different among bran colors, and a 64% variance can be explained by kernel density and bran thickness. Physical traits of kernel width, kernel thickness, and bran weight can explain 68.7% of cook time variance. This report advances our understanding of contributing factors to the flavor and texture attributes of the whole grain rice with diverse bran color.
Characteristics of Modern Triticale Quality: The Relationship Between Carbohydrate Properties, α‐Amylase Activity, and Falling Number
Authors: Dennett Angela L. , Wilkes Meredith A. , Trethowan Richard M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTTriticale is a high‐yielding cereal crop with potential to increase grain production for human consumption over the coming decades. Minimal targeted selection has been conducted to produce cultivars with α‐amylase, amylose, and nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) content appropriate for a milling market. Nevertheless, genotypic variability exists. Standard quality screening methods used for wheat, including pasting properties, falling number, and quantification of α‐amylase activity were employed to assess the environmental and genotypic variability among modern triticale cultivars and to investigate the suitability of these tests for triticale. Samples of 11 triticale lines from four environments were compared with five wheat cultivars bred for various end uses. Triticale exhibited a greater range than wheat for most tested variables, and the ranges usually overlapped. Triticale exhibited higher NSP content, generally equivalent pasting properties, higher α‐amylase activity, and lower falling number on average compared with wheat checks. However, low falling number was not indicative of high α‐amylase activity; the relationship with NSP level and other factors is discussed, and caution is recommended for interpretation of previous research. Three cultivars with equivalent α‐amylase activity to wheat and two with partially waxy starch were identified. These findings have great significance for research and the emerging triticale milling market.
A simulation model for emergency evacuation time of a library facility using EVACNET4
Authors: Ashraf Tashrifullahi Syed , Hassanain Mohammad A. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe objectives of this article are to present the findings of a case study conducted to determine the optimal emergency egress time for the main library of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, using an evacuation simulation model; discuss the importance of the use of evacuation simulation models to architects, fire protection engineers and facilities managers; and demonstrate the importance of using an evacuation simulation model in understanding evacuation performance and conducting building safety assessment.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have reviewed the published literature in the field of evacuation analysis considering level of service (LOS) as a significant factor; studied the input requirements of the evacuation simulation model EVACNET4 and estimated the same for the library facility at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; and examined selected results and validated the same using FPETool.FindingsThe study revealed that the evacuation times obtained using both EVACNET4 and FPETool for the library are different and vary 49 seconds in magnitude.Originality/valueRisk to life as a result of fire in buildings is a key concern for facility managers, architects and insurance companies. This study could be of practical help to fire protection engineers and facilities managers from the viewpoint of emergency evacuation planning in specific facilities, and to architects during the process of designing the spatial layout of the library facility, where even minor changes in the layout can have large impacts on egress time.
An investigation on daylighting performance in educational institutions
Authors: İnan Tuğba 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate natural illumination properties of one of the classrooms in the School of Architecture at Izmir Institute of Technology, located in Turkey, which is the northern hemisphere.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the definitions of the basic terms in daylighting, such as daylight factor, illuminance, glazing ratio, are given first. Then, a luxmeter and a lighting simulation software, Velux, are used in order to calculate variable lighting factors during daytime, at different storeys, at different directions, for the classes. Velux is a proprietary software and it enables natural lighting analysis practically.FindingsChosen classrooms are examined regarding their having sufficient natural illumination. The height of windows from the floor is changed, and the resultant effects on natural lighting in the classrooms are determined by using the lighting simulation program, Velux. The study shows that daylight factor and illumination near the window decreases as the height of the window above the floor increases. However, the illumination increases away from the window, giving greater uniformity to the lighting. At the same time, the usable depth of the classroom increases. The tall and narrow windows bring the daylight near themselves.Social implicationsPractical window design decisions can help architects to provide effective and healthy natural lighting for interiors.Originality/valueAdjustment of the dimensions of the windows is important in order to balance the energy consumption of buildings. This study investigates natural lighting depending on both experimental measurements and simulation software, Velux.
Controlled relative humidity in crawl spaces: a new treatment methodology
Authors: Delgado J.M.P.Q. , de Freitas V.P. , Guimarães A.S. , Ferreira C. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeCrawl space ventilation became essential to avoid moisture damage. Historical houses with wood floor and crawl spaces unventilated correctly often face problems of biological degradation. This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachIn this work a case study of the Egas Moniz museum house, in Estarreja, Portugal, with different building pathologies, such as biological degradation and development of micro‐organisms and fungi, is presented. An experimental campaign was carried out with continuous monitoring of the relative humidity and temperature, to validate the real climatic conditions in the crawl spaces. Additionally, the authors analyse the treatment technologies used in the past and the characteristics of the rehabilitation solutions in order to control the hygrothermal behaviour. Simultaneously, numerical simulation was done using the software tool WUFI‐2D to simulate the hygrothermal building behaviour and a sensitivity study of parameters used was done.FindingsThe in‐situ experimental results showed that high values of relative humidity imply biological degradation of the wood floor and the numerical and analytical models used showed the same tendency. The numerical results showed the importance of crawl spaces with a good ventilation to avoid mould growth and, also, suggested that controlled mechanical ventilation is preferable to strongly continuous mechanical ventilation in this type of spaces. The experimental study shows that the continuous functioning of a ventilation system may lead to the occurrence of interior condensation, so a hygro‐regulated system is thus essential to control unwanted condensation, with an appropriate functioning criterion.Practical implicationsIn accordance with the numerical and experimental results, the authors proceeded to the implementation of a hygro‐regulated system to ventilate the crawl spaces of the Egas Moniz museum house.Originality/valueThis paper presents a new proposed intervention methodology, in crawl spaces, to avoid mould growth, based on an extraction controlled by a hygro‐regulated ventilator.