bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Load‐balanced and locality‐aware scheduling for data‐intensive workloads at extreme scales
Authors: Wang Ke , Qiao Kan , Sadooghi Iman , Zhou Xiaobing , Li Tonglin , Lang Michael , Raicu Ioan 
Published: August 2015

SummaryData‐driven programming models such as many‐task computing (MTC) have been prevalent for running data‐intensive scientific applications. MTC applies over‐decomposition to enable distributed scheduling. To achieve extreme scalability, MTC proposes a fully distributed task scheduling architecture that employs as many schedulers as the compute nodes to make scheduling decisions. Achieving distributed load balancing and best exploiting data locality are two important goals for the best performance of distributed scheduling of data‐intensive applications. Our previous research proposed a data‐aware work‐stealing technique to optimize both load balancing and data locality by using both dedicated and shared task ready queues in each scheduler. Tasks were organized in queues based on the input data size and location. Distributed key‐value store was applied to manage task metadata. We implemented the technique in MATRIX, a distributed MTC task execution framework. In this work, we devise an analytical suboptimal upper bound of the proposed technique, compare MATRIX with other scheduling systems, and explore the scalability of the technique at extreme scales. Results show that the technique is not only scalable but can achieve performance within 15% of the suboptimal solution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerating earthquake simulations on general‐purpose graphics processors
Authors: Sengupta Prasenjit , Nguyen Jimmy , Kwan Jason , Menon Padmanabhan K. , Heien Eric M. , Rundle John B. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryParallelization strategies are presented for Virtual Quake, a numerical simulation code for earthquakes based on topologically realistic systems of interacting earthquake faults. One of the demands placed upon the simulation is the accurate reproduction of the observed earthquake statistics over three to four decades. This requires the use of a high‐resolution fault model in computations, which demands computational power that is well beyond the scope of off‐the‐shelf multi‐core CPU computers. However, the recent advances in general‐purpose graphic processing units have the potential to address this problem at moderate cost increments. A functional decomposition of Virtual Quake is performed, and opportunities for parallelization are discussed in this work. Computationally intensive modules are identified, and these are implemented on graphics processing units, significantly speeding up earthquake simulations. In the current best case scenario, a computer with six graphics processing units can simulate 500 years of fault activity in California at 1.5 km × 1.5 km element resolution in less than 1 hour, whereas a single CPU requires more than 2 days to perform the same simulation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic partitioning‐based JPEG decompression on heterogeneous multicore architectures
Authors: Sodsong Wasuwee , Hong Jingun , Chung Seongwook , Lim Yeongkyu , Kim Shin‐Dug , Burgstaller Bernd 
Published: August 2015

SummaryWith the emergence of social networks and improvements in computational photography, billions of JPEG images are shared and viewed on a daily basis. Desktops, tablets, and smartphones constitute the vast majority of hardware platforms used for displaying JPEG images. Despite the fact that these platforms are heterogeneous multicores, no approach exists yet that is capable of joining forces of a system's CPU and graphics processing unit (GPU) for JPEG decoding. In this paper, we introduce a novel JPEG decoding scheme for heterogeneous architectures consisting of a CPU and a general‐purpose GPU. We employ an offline profiling step to determine the performance of a system's CPU and GPU with respect to JPEG decoding. For a given JPEG image, our performance model uses: (1) the CPU and GPU performance characteristics, (2) the image entropy, and (3) the width and height of the image to balance the JPEG decoding workload on the underlying hardware. Our run‐time partitioning and scheduling scheme exploits task, data, and pipeline parallelism by scheduling the non‐parallelizable entropy‐decoding task on the CPU, whereas inverse discrete cosine transformations, color conversions, and upsampling are conducted on both the CPU and the GPU. We have implemented the proposed method in the context of the libjpeg‐turbo library, which is an industrial‐strength JPEG encoding and decoding engine. Libjpeg‐turbo's hand‐optimized SIMD routines for ARM and x86 architectures constitute a competitive yardstick for the comparison with the proposed approach. We have evaluated our approach for a total of 7194 JPEG images across four high‐end and middle‐end CPU–GPU combinations including a mobile GPU. We achieve speedups of up to 5.2× over the SIMD version of libjpeg‐turbo, and speedups of up to 10.5× over its sequential code. Taking into account the non‐parallelizable JPEG entropy‐decoding part, our approach achieves up to 97% of the theoretically attainable maximal speedup, with an average of 94%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The particle filter algorithm: parallel implementations and performance analysis over Android mobile devices
Authors: Acosta A. , Almeida F. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe advent of emergent system on chip and multiprocessor system on chip opens a new era on the small mobile devices (smartphones, tablets, etc.) in terms of computing capabilities and applications to be addressed. Given the ability of these devices to interact with the real world through the camera, the development of efficient algorithms related to image processing and computer vision is mandatory. The particle filter algorithm is an algorithm frequently used in image and video processing; it constitutes the baseline algorithm in many applications: feature tracking, facial recognition, tracking of vehicles in traffic, video compression and so on. We propose a parallel implementation for the particle filter algorithm oriented to mobile Android devices. Three different versions of this algorithm are presented: a Java sequential implementation and two Renderscript parallel versions, an ad hoc implementation and a parallel implementation generated automatically with Paralldroid. The results obtained by the parallel versions over different Android platforms present high accuracy with a high processing rate of frame per second and a high speedup at the same time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palirria: accurate on‐line parallelism estimation for adaptive work‐stealing
Authors: Varisteas Georgios , Brorsson Mats 
Published: August 2015

SummaryWe present Palirria, a self‐adapting work‐stealing scheduling method for nested fork/join parallelism that can be used to estimate the number of utilizable workers and self‐adapt accordingly. The estimation mechanism is optimized for accuracy, minimizing the requested resources without degrading performance. We implemented Palirria for both the Linux and Barrelfish operating systems and evaluated it on two platforms: a 48‐core Non‐Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) multiprocessor and a simulated 32‐core system. Compared with state‐of‐the‐art, we observed higher accuracy in estimating resource requirements. This leads to improved resource utilization and performance on par or better to executing with fixed resource allotments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Machine learning techniques for daily solar energy prediction and interpolation using numerical weather models
Authors: Martin R. , Aler R. , Valls J. M. , Galvan I. M. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis article addresses two issues in solar energy forecasting from the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models using machine learning. First, we are interested in determining the relevant information for the forecasting task. With this purpose, a study has been carried out to evaluate the influence on accuracy of the number of NWP grid nodes used as input for the forecasting model, as well as their relative importance. Several machine learning (support vector machines and gradient boosting) and feature selection algorithms (linear, ReliefF, and local information analysis) have been used in this study. The second aim is to be able to predict solar energy for locations where no previous production data are available. To address this goal, an approach consisting on modeling regions in the grid is proposed. Models (aggregate models) use as input attributes the meteorological variables relevant for the region and two new inputs to identify the location of each station: the latitude and the longitude. Those models can be used to predict energy production for existing stations and for new locations, represented by latitude and longitude. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Van der Waals Interactions Influence the Absorption Spectra of Pheophorbide a Complexes: A Mixed Quantum–Classical Study
Authors: Megow Jörg 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe computation of dispersive site energy shifts due to van der Waals interaction (London dispersion forces) was combined with mixed quantum–classical methodology to calculate the linear optical absorption spectra of large pheophorbide a (Pheo) dendrimers. The computed spectra agreed very well with the measurements considering three characteristic optical features occurring with increasing aggregate size: a strong line broadening, a redshift, and a low‐energy shoulder. The improved mixed quantum–classical methodology is considered a powerful tool in investigating molecular aggregates.
Molecular Simulations of Fatty‐Acid Methyl Esters and Representative Biodiesel Mixtures
Authors: Bharadwaj Vivek S. , Eagan Nathaniel M. , Wang Nicholas M. , Liberatore Matthew W. , Maupin C. Mark 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDespite the importance of fatty‐acid methyl esters (FAMEs) as key components of various green solvents, detergents, plasticizers, and biodiesels, our understanding of these systems at the molecular level is limited. An enhanced molecular‐level perspective of FAMEs will enable a detailed analysis of the polymorph and crystallization phenomena that adversely impact flow properties at low temperatures. Presented here, is the parameterization and validation of a charge‐modified generalized amber force field (GAFF) for eight common FAMEs and two representative biodiesel mixtures. Our simulations accurately reproduce available experimental data (e.g. densities and self‐diffusivity coefficients) and their trends, with respect to temperature and degree of unsaturation. Structural analyses from our simulations provide a more detailed picture of liquid‐phase molecular ordering in FAMEs and confirm recent experimental hypotheses. This study provides a firm foundation to initiate further studies into the mechanisms that drive crystallization phenomena at the molecular level.
One‐Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclopropanes with Quaternary Centers Starting From Bromonitroalkenes under Aminocatalytic Conditions
Authors: Luis‐Barrera Javier , Mas‐Ballesté Ruben , Alemán José 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCyclopropanes with a quaternary center are efficiently synthesized starting from bromonitroalkenes and alkyl aldehydes under aminocatalysis, giving good yield, excellent enantioselectivities, and moderate to excellent diastereoselectivities. This work is a novel approach using bromonitroalkenes as starting material instead of the usual synthesis with bromine‐activated methylene derivatives. The cyclization process is analyzed by DFT calculations, which suggests an SN2 mechanism. Theoretical data indicate that diastereoselectivity results from the energetic balance as a consequence of distortion the in trigonal bipyramid transition states and the relative stabilities of both starting rotamers and final products arising from distinct steric repulsions.
Validation of the Psychometric Properties of the Self‐Compassion Scale. Testing the Factorial Validity and Factorial Invariance of the Measure among Borderline Personality Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Eating Disorder and General Populations
Authors: Costa Joana , Marôco João , Pinto‐Gouveia José , Ferreira Cláudia , Castilho Paula 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundDuring the last years, there has been a growing interest in self‐compassion. Empirical evidences show that self‐compassion is associated with psychological benefits among young adults and it might be considered a buffer factor in several mental disorders.AimsThe aim of this study was to validate the psychometric properties of the Self‐compassion Scale (SCS: Neff, 2003a) after the initial lack of replicating the original six‐factor structure.MethodData were collected from the overall database of a research centre (56 men and 305 women; mean age = 25.19) and comprised four groups: borderline personality disorder, anxiety disorder, eating disorder and general population.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis supported a two‐factor model (self‐compassionate attitude versus self‐critical attitude) with good internal consistencies, construct‐related validity and external validity. Configural, weak measurement and structural invariance of the two‐factor model of SCS were also shown.ConclusionsFindings support the generalizability of the two‐factor model and show that both properties and interpretations of scores on self‐compassion are equivalent across these population groups. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

A two‐factor structure of SCS with strong psychometric validity was supported in clinical and non‐clinical samples.
Helping individuals with limited experiences of compassion to develop positive internal processing systems seems to be related with better mental health, self‐acceptance and self‐nurturing abilities.
The non‐probabilistic sampling limits the generalization of our conclusions.
Oxidized Mild Steel S235: An Efficient Anode for Electrocatalytically Initiated Water Splitting
Authors: Schäfer Helmut , Küpper Karsten , Wollschläger Joachim , Kashaev Nikolai , Hardege Jörg , Walder Lorenz , Mohsen Beladi‐Mousavi Seyyed , Hartmann‐Azanza Brigitte , Steinhart Martin , Sadaf Shamaila , Dorn Falk 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe surface of steel S235 was oxidized by Cl2 gas and checked for its electrocatalytic efficiency regarding oxygen formation in aqueous solution. If exposed to humid Cl2 gas for 110 min, steel S235 became an electrocatalyst that exhibits an overpotential for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of 462 mV at 1 mA cm−2 at pH 7. The OER activity of the same sample at pH 13 was moderate (347 mV overpotential at 2.0 mA cm−2 current density) in comparison with OER electrocatalysts developed recently. Potential versus time plots measured at a constant current demonstrate the sufficient stability of all samples under catalysis conditions at pH 7 and 13 for tens of hours. High‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectra could be reasonably resolved with the proviso that Fe2O3, FeO(OH), MnO(OH), and Mn2O3 are the predominant Fe and Mn species on the surface of the oxidized steel S235.
Maintenance of brucellosis in Yellowstone bison: linking seasonal food resources, host–pathogen interaction, and life‐history trade‐offs
Authors: Treanor John J. , Geremia Chris , Ballou Michael A. , Keisler Duane H. , White Patrick J. , Cox John J. , Crowley Philip H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe seasonal availability of food resources is an important factor shaping the life‐history strategies of organisms. During times of nutritional restriction, physiological trade‐offs can induce periods of immune suppression, thereby increasing susceptibility to infectious disease. Our goal was to provide a conceptual framework describing how the endemic level bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus) may be maintained in Yellowstone bison based on the seasonality of food resources and the life‐history strategies of the host and pathogen. Our analysis was based on active B. abortus infection (measured via bacterial culture), nutritional indicators (measured as metabolites and hormones in plasma), and carcass measurements of 402 slaughtered bison. Data from Yellowstone bison were used to investigate (1) whether seasonal changes in diet quality affect nutritional condition and coincide with the reproductive needs of female bison; (2) whether active B. abortus infection and infection intensities vary with host nutrition and nutritional condition; and (3) the evidence for seasonal changes in immune responses, which may offer protection against B. abortus, in relation to nutritional condition. Female bison experienced a decline in nutritional condition during winter as reproductive demands of late gestation increased while forage quality and availability declined. Active B. abortus infection was negatively associated with bison age and nutritional condition, with the intensity of infection negatively associated with indicators of nutrition (e.g., dietary protein and energy) and body weight. Data suggest that protective cell‐mediated immune responses may be reduced during the B. abortus transmission period, which coincides with nutritional insufficiencies and elevated reproductive demands during spring. Our results illustrate how seasonal food restriction can drive physiological trade‐offs that suppress immune function and create infection and transmission opportunities for pathogens.
Dissolution of the Rare‐Earth Mineral Bastnaesite by Acidic Amide Ionic Liquid for Recovery of Critical Materials
Authors: Freiderich John W. , Stankovich Joseph J. , Luo Huimin , Dai Sheng , Moyer Bruce A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRare‐earth elements provide the cornerstones to clean sustainable energy and modern technologies such as computers, communications, and transportation. As such, the recovery of rare earths (REs) from minerals such as bastnaesite remains important for modern times. As the light lanthanides (La–Nd) constitute the majority (typically >98.7 %) of the REs in bastnaesite with the heavy REs (Sm–Lu) contributing the remainder (approximately 1.3 %), an enrichment of heavier REs may serve as an effective means of assisting rare‐earth recovery. Such an extractive metallurgy process involving ionic liquids (ILs) leads to an enrichment of heavy REs by nearly an order of magnitude. The acidic IL N,N‐dimethylacetamidium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (DMAH+NTf2–) in the IL 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIM+NTf2–) dissolves froth flotation bastnaesite, synthetic bastnaesite analogues (RECO3F), RE2O3, and RE2(CO3)3 minerals. An overall reaction for the dissolution of bastnaesite is proposed for this IL system. This IL system may provide the initial stages of a greater RE separation scheme for bastnaesite froth flotation concentrates.
Construction of Benzimidazoles and Benzoxazoles through the Molybdenum‐Mediated Carbonylation of Aryl Halides
Authors: Kebede Eshetu , Tadikonda Ramu , Nakka Mangarao , Inkollu Bhargavi , Vidavalur Siddaiah 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe facile and efficient one‐pot construction of benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles through the Mo(CO)6‐mediated carbonylation of aryl halides was examined. In the process, Mo(CO)6 acted as a convenient and safe solid source of carbon monoxide. A wide range of substrates were tolerated to provide the corresponding products in fair to good yields without the need of gaseous CO or palladium catalysts.
Divergent Total Syntheses to Azafluor­anthene and Dehydroaporphine Alkaloids
Authors: Khunnawutmanotham Nisachon , Sahakitpichan Poolsak , Chimnoi Nitirat , Techasakul Supanna 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFacile divergent total syntheses for azafluoranthene and dehydroaporphine alkaloids have been successfully developed. A common intermediate, a biarylsulfonamide‐protected amino aldehyde, underwent either a cascade or a stepwise cyclization to furnish a tetracyclic skeleton related to the azafluoranthene alkaloids. Natural products, triclisine and telitoxine, were prepared to illustrate the use of this approach. Subsequent C‐homologation of the aldehyde moiety on the same intermediate by means of a Wittig reaction allowed the synthesis of aporphine alkaloids, as exemplified by the preparation of dehydronornuciferine. This synthetic approach could be applicable to the syntheses of other azafluoranthene‐related as well as aporphine‐related alkaloids.
One‐Pot Preparation of Graphene/Gold Nanocomposites for Ultrasensitive Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Immunoassay
Authors: Lai Guosong , Cheng Hui , Yin Cuiying , Fu Li , Yu Aimin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA graphene/gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) composite was one‐pot synthesized to design a new gold nanoprobe for electrochemical immunoassay. After sandwich immunoreaction at a carbon nanotubes (CNTs)‐based immunosensor, the nanoprobes were quantitatively captured on the immunosensor surface and produced sensitive signal response through the electrochemical stripping analysis of Au NP labels. Both the multi‐label signal amplification of nanoprobe and the electrode modification of CNTs greatly improved the signal response resulting in the development of an ultrasensitive immunoassay method for human IgG measurement. Additionally, this method also showed wide linear range, high specificity as well as satisfactory reproducibility, stability and reliability.
Shaking‐table tests of flat‐bottom circular silos containing grain‐like material
Authors: Silvestri Stefano , Ivorra Salvador , Chiacchio Laura Di , Trombetti Tomaso , Foti Dora , Gasparini Giada , Pieraccini Luca , Dietz Matt , Taylor Colin 
Published: August 2015

SummaryAccording to Eurocode 8, the seismic design of flat‐bottom circular silos containing grain‐like material is based on a rough estimate of the inertial force imposed on the structure by the ensiled content during an earthquake: 80% of the mass of the content multiplied by the peak ground acceleration. A recent analytical consideration of the horizontal shear force mobilised within the ensiled material during an earthquake proposed by some of the authors has resulted in a radically reduced estimate of this load suggesting that, in practice, the effective mass of the content is significantly less than that specified. This paper describes a series of laboratory tests that featured shaking table and a silo model, which were conducted in order to obtain some experimental data to verify the proposed theoretical formulations and to compare with the established code provisions. Several tests have been performed with different heights of ensiled material – about 0.5 mm diameter Ballotini glass – and different magnitudes of grain–wall friction. The results indicate that in all cases, the effective mass is indeed lower than the Eurocode specification, suggesting that the specification is overly conservative, and that the wall–grain friction coefficient strongly affects the overturning moment at the silo base. At peak ground accelerations up to around 0.35 g, the proposed analytical formulation provides an improved estimate of the inertial force imposed on such structures by their contents. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.