bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Arsenite from Groundwater Using Titanium Dioxide
Authors: López Paraguay Miriam Z. , Cortes José Apolinar , Pérez‐Robles Juan F. , Alarcón‐Herrera María T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe present research focused in the feasibility of using a common, inexpensive, and non‐toxic material as titanium dioxide (TiO2) for arsenite (As(III)) removal from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to test the effects of adsorbent dose, contact time, and stirring speed. The As(III) removal has been carried out under natural environment conditions (temperature 23 ± 3°C and water pH 8 ± 0.2). Results show that the kinetic rate of As(III) adsorption was higher in the first 30 min and decreases thereafter. The maximum removal efficiency was 96% with 1.5 g/L in 1.5 h of contact time. The As–TiO2 system has reached equilibrium in 1 h, regardless of the titanium dioxide dosage. The adsorption process was best described by the Freundlich's isotherm model, which indicates that the multilayer adsorption should be involved in the process of As(III) removal. The contact between the As(III) and TiO2 was done mainly by convection and diffusion. The mass transfer coefficient (β) has been found between 0.8 × 10−5 and 12.3 × 10−5 cm/s. The thermodynamic analysis showed a feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic adsorption process. TiO2 is a safe substance for human health and is a feasible and efficient alternative treatment for arsenic removal from water.Chronic exposures at low‐level of arsenic will cause adverse health effects. TiO2 is a feasible low‐cost material for remove arsenic. Reaction mechanisms, the zeta potential and adsorption kinetics were analyzed. A dose of 1.5 g/L removed 92% (Co = 120 µg As/L) of arsenic in 0.9 h. This conditions allows to get a treated water quality in agreement with the international standards (<10 µg/L).
Modified cisplatin/interferon α‐2b/doxorubicin/5‐fluorouracil (PIAF) chemotherapy in patients with no hepatitis or cirrhosis is associated with improved response rate, resectability, and survival of initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kaseb Ahmed O. , Shindoh Junichi , Patt Yehuda Z. , Roses Robert E. , Zimmitti Giuseppe , Lozano Richard D. , Hassan Manal M. , Hassabo Hesham M. , Curley Steven A. , Aloia Thomas A. , Abbruzzese James L. , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with response rate, resectability, and survival after cisplatin/interferon α‐2b/doxorubicin/5‐fluorouracil (PIAF) combination therapy in patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODSThe study included 2 groups of patients treated with conventional high‐dose PIAF (n = 84) between 1994 and 2003 and those without hepatitis or cirrhosis treated with modified PIAF (n = 33) between 2003 and 2012. Tolerance of chemotherapy, best radiographic response, rate of conversion to curative surgery, and overall survival were analyzed and compared between the 2 groups, and multivariate and logistic regression analyses were applied to identify predictors of response and survival.RESULTSThe modified PIAF group had a higher median number of PIAF cycles (4 versus 2, P = .049), higher objective response rate (36% versus 15%, P = .013), higher rate of conversion to curative surgery (33% versus 10%, P = .004), and longer median overall survival (21.3 versus 10.6 months, P = .002). Multivariate analyses confirmed that positive hepatitis B serology (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08‐2.59) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 (HR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.04‐2.93) were associated with worse survival whereas curative surgical resection after PIAF treatment (HR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.07‐0.35) was associated with improved survival.CONCLUSIONSIn patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, the modified PIAF regimen in patients with no hepatitis or cirrhosis is associated with improved response, resectability, and survival. Cancer 2013;119:3334–42 © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Gleason pattern 5 is the strongest pathologic predictor of recurrence, metastasis, and prostate cancer–specific death in patients receiving salvage radiation therapy following radical prostatectomy
Authors: Jackson William , Hamstra Daniel A. , Johnson Skyler , Zhou Jessica , Foster Benjamin , Foster Corey , Li Darren , Song Yeohan , Palapattu Ganesh S. , Kunju Lakshmi P. , Mehra Rohit , Feng Felix Y. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDThe presence of Gleason pattern 5 (GP5) at radical prostatectomy (RP) has been associated with worse clinical outcome; however, this pathologic variable has not been assessed in patients receiving salvage radiation therapy (SRT) after a rising prostate‐specific antigen level.METHODSA total of 575 patients who underwent primary RP for localized prostate cancer and subsequently received SRT at a tertiary medical institution were reviewed retrospectively. Primary outcomes of interest were biochemical failure (BF), distant metastasis (DM), and prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM), which were assessed via univariate analysis and Fine and Grays competing risks multivariate models.RESULTSOn pathologic evaluation, 563 (98%) patients had a documented Gleason score (GS). The median follow‐up post‐SRT was 56.7 months. A total of 60 (10.7%) patients had primary, secondary, or tertiary GP5. On univariate analysis, the presence of GP5 was prognostic for BF (hazard ratio [HR] 3.3; P < .0001), DM (HR:11.1, P < .0001), and PCSM (HR:8.8, P < .0001). Restratification of the Gleason score to include GP5 as a distinct entity resulted in improved prognostic capability. Patients with GP5 had clinically worse outcomes than patients with GS8(4+4). On multivariate analysis, the presence of GP5 was the most adverse pathologic predictor of BF (HR 2.9; P < .0001), DM (HR 14.8; P < .0001), and PCSM (HR 5.7; P < .0001).CONCLUSIONIn the setting of SRT for prostate cancer, the presence of GP5 is a critical pathologic predictor of BF, DM, and PCSM. Traditional GS risk stratification fails to fully utilize the prognostic capabilities of individual Gleason patterns among men receiving SRT post‐RP. Cancer 2013;119:3287–94. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Spontaneous Emergence of Chirality in the Limited Enantioselectivity Model: Autocatalytic Cycle Driven by an External Reagent
Authors: Blanco Celia , Crusats Joaquim , El‐Hachemi Zoubir , Moyano Albert , Hochberg David , Ribó Josep M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe model of limited enantioselectivity (LES) in closed systems, and under experimental conditions able to achieve chemical equilibrium, can give rise to neither spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SMSB) nor kinetic chiral amplifications. However, it has been recently shown that it is able to lead to SMSB, as a stationary final state, in thermodynamic scenarios involving nonuniform temperature distributions and for compartmentalized separation between the two autocatalytic reactions. Herein, it is demonstrated how SMSB may occur in LES in a cyclic network with uniform temperature distribution if the reverse reaction of the nonenantioselective autocatalysis, which gives limited inhibition on the racemic mixture, is driven by an external reagent, that is, in conditions that keep the system out of chemical equilibrium. The exact stability analysis of the racemic and chiral final outcomes and the study of the reaction parameters leading to SMSB are resolved analytically. Numerical simulations, using chemical kinetics equations, show that SMSB may occur for chemically reasonable parameters. Numerical simulations on SMSB are also presented for speculative, but reasonable, scenarios implying reactions common in amino acid chemistry.
Notes on Valence Bond Structures for S2N2 and Related Systems
Authors: Harcourt Richard D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFor the D2h E2N2 and D4h E42+ (E=S, Se and Te) systems with one valence‐shell π‐electron atomic orbital per atomic centre, the ground‐state resonance between two increased‐valence structures with one‐electron and fractional electron‐pair π bonds is equivalent to resonance between the six Lewis‐type valence‐bond structures considered in this journal (B. Braïda, A. Lo, P. C. Hiberty, ChemPhysChem 2012, 13, 811–819). Approximate values are deduced for the one‐electron bond polarity parameters. Three types of electron transfer processes are used to convert one increased‐valence structure into the other. Theory is developed to show that one component of the associated electron transfer matrix element is not dependent on atomic orbital overlap. Brief consideration is also given to other types of VB descriptions for the S2N2 ground state.
Reduction of Acetonitrile by Hydrated Magnesium Cations Mg+(H2O)n (n≈20–60) in the Gas Phase
Authors: Lam Tim‐Wai , van der Linde Christian , Akhgarnusch Amou , Hao Qiang , Beyer Martin K. , Siu Chi‐Kit 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIon–molecule reactions of Mg+(H2O)n (n≈20–60) with CH3CN are studied by Fourier‐transform ion‐cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Collision with CH3CN initiates the formation of MgOH+(H2O)n−1 together with CH3CHN. or CH3CNH., which is similar to the reaction of hydrated electrons (H2O)n− with CH3CN. In subsequent reaction steps, three more CH3CN molecules are taken up by the clusters, to form MgOH+(CH3CN)3 after a reaction delay of 60 seconds. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06/6‐31++G(d,p) level of theory suggest that the bending motion of CH3CN allows the unpaired electron that is solvated out from the Mg center to localize in a π*(CN)‐like orbital of the bent CH3CN.−, which undergoes spontaneous proton transfer to form CH3CNH. or CH3CHN., with the former being kinetically more favorable. The reaction energy for a cluster with the hexacoordinated Mg center is more exothermic than that with the pentacoordinated Mg. The CH3CNH. or CH3CHN. is preferentially solvated on the cluster surface rather than at the first solvation shell of the Mg center. By contrast, the three additional CH3CN molecules taken up by the resulting MgOH+(H2O)n clusters coordinate directly to the first solvation shell of the MgOH+ core, as revealed by DFT calculations.
BETA Zeolite Thin Films Supported on Honeycomb Monoliths with Tunable Properties as Hydrocarbon Traps under Cold‐Start Conditions
Authors: Navlani‐García Miriam , Varela‐Gandía Francisco J. , Bueno‐López Agustín , Cazorla‐Amorós Diego , Puértolas Begoña , López José M. , García Tomás , Lozano‐Castelló Dolores 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA high percentage of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from gasoline vehicles occur during the cold‐start period. Among the alternatives proposed to reduce these HC emissions, the use of zeolites before the three‐way catalyst (TWC) is thought to be very effective. Zeolites are the preferred adsorbents for this application; however, to avoid high pressure drops, supported zeolites are needed. In this work, two coating methods (dip‐coating and in situ crystallization) are optimized to prepare BETA zeolite thin films supported on honeycomb monoliths with tunable properties. The important effect of the density of the thin film in the final performance as a HC trap is demonstrated. A highly effective HC trap is prepared showing 100 % toluene retention, accomplishing the desired performance as a HC trap, desorbing propene at temperatures close to 300 °C, and remaining stable after cycling. The use of this material before the TWC is very promising, and works towards achieving the sustainability and environmental protection goals.
Fetuses respond to father's voice but prefer mother's voice after birth
Authors: Lee Grace Y. , Kisilevsky Barbara S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFetal and newborn responding to audio‐recordings of their father's versus mother's reading a story were examined. At home, fathers read a different story to the fetus each day for 7 days. Subsequently, in the laboratory, continuous fetal heart rate was recorded during a 9 min protocol, including three, 3 min periods: baseline no‐sound, voice (mother or father), postvoice no‐sound. Following a 20 min delay, the opposite voice was delivered. Newborn head‐turning was observed on 20 s trials: three no‐sound, three voice (mother or father), three opposite voice, three no‐sound trials with the same segment of each parent's recording. Fetuses showed a heart rate increase to both voices which was sustained over the voice period. Consistent with prior reports, newborns showed a preference for their mother's but not their father's voice. The characteristics of voice stimuli that capture fetal attention and elicit a response are yet to be identified. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1–11, 2014.
Noncrop flowering plants restore top‐down herbivore control in agricultural fields
Authors: Balmer Oliver , Pfiffner Lukas , Schied Johannes , Willareth Martin , Leimgruber Andrea , Luka Henryk , Traugott Michael 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHerbivore populations are regulated by bottom‐up control through food availability and quality and by top‐down control through natural enemies. Intensive agricultural monocultures provide abundant food to specialized herbivores and at the same time negatively impact natural enemies because monocultures are depauperate in carbohydrate food sources required by many natural enemies. As a consequence, herbivores are released from both types of control. Diversifying intensive cropping systems with flowering plants that provide nutritional resources to natural enemies may enhance top‐down control and contribute to natural herbivore regulation. We analyzed how noncrop flowering plants planted as “companion plants” inside cabbage (Brassica oleracea) fields and as margins along the fields affect the plant–herbivore–parasitoid–predator food web. We combined molecular analyses quantifying parasitism of herbivore eggs and larvae with molecular predator gut content analysis and a comprehensive predator community assessment. Planting cornflowers (Centaurea cynanus), which have been shown to attract and selectively benefit Microplitis mediator, a larval parasitoid of the cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae, between the cabbage heads shifted the balance between trophic levels. Companion plants significantly increased parasitism of herbivores by larval parasitoids and predation on herbivore eggs. They furthermore significantly affected predator species richness. These effects were present despite the different treatments being close relative to the parasitoids’ mobility. These findings demonstrate that habitat manipulation can restore top‐down herbivore control in intensive crops if the right resources are added. This is important because increased natural control reduces the need for pesticide input in intensive agricultural settings, with cascading positive effects on general biodiversity and the environment. Companion plants thus increase biodiversity both directly, by introducing new habitats and resources for other species, and indirectly by reducing mortality of nontarget species due to pesticides.
Male–male aggression peaks at intermediate relatedness in a social spider mite
Authors: Sato Yukie , Egas Martijn , Sabelis Maurice W. , Mochizuki Atsushi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTheory predicts that when individuals live in groups or colonies, male–male aggression peaks at intermediate levels of local average relatedness. Assuming that aggression is costly and directed toward nonrelatives and that competition for reproduction acts within the colony, benefits of aggressive behavior are maximized in colonies with a mix of related and unrelated competitors because aggression hurts nonkin often, thereby favoring reproduction of kin. This leads to a dome‐shaped relation between male–male aggression and average relatedness. This prediction has been tested with bacteria in the laboratory, but not with organisms in the field. We study how male–male aggression varies with relatedness in the social spider mite Stigmaeopsis miscanthi. We sampled 25 populations across a wide geographic range between Taiwan and Japan, representing a gradient of high to low within‐population relatedness. For each population the weaponry of males was measured as the length of the first pair of legs, and male–male aggression was tested by placing pairs of nonsibling males together and scoring the frequency of male death over a given period. As these two morphological and behavioral variables correlate strongly, they both reflect the intensity of male–male conflict. Our data on the social spider mite show that male–male aggression as well as weapon size strongly peak at intermediate, average relatedness, thereby confirming theoretical predictions.
An Efficient Organocatalysis: A One‐Pot Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates
Authors: Thorat Prashant B. , Goswami Santosh V. , Magar Rupali L. , Patil Bhagwan R. , Bhusare Sudhakar R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis present method deals with an exceedingly rare aspect of α‐aminophosphonate synthesis. We studied an enantioseletive one‐pot synthetic method for the syntheses of optically active α‐aminophosphonates by employing an organocatalyst. Some new organocatalysts were synthesized and studied for their reactivity and enantioselectivity. The organocatalyst effectively catalyzed the reaction and provided the corresponding α‐aminophosphonates in high yields (71–90 %) with excellent enantiomeric excess values (73–92 %).
Biphasic Glycerol/2‐MeTHF, Ruthenium‐Catalysed Enantioselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Using Sodium Hypophosphite as Hydrogen Donor
Authors: Guyon Carole , Métay Estelle , Duguet Nicolas , Lemaire Marc 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSodium hypophosphite has been used as an efficient hydrogen donor in the transfer hydrogenation of aliphatic and aromatic ketones in the presence of [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 and 2,2′‐bipyridine in water. The corresponding alcohols were isolated in moderate to excellent yields (39–95 %). Good chemoselectivity was observed with ester, nitrile and halide functionalities in the ketones not being reduced. An enantioselective version of the reaction using [RuCl(p‐cymene){(R,R)‐TsDPEN}] as catalyst in a glycerol/2‐MeTHF biphasic solvent mixture has been developed and allowed the reduction of (hetero)aromatic ketones with excellent chemo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee).
Lewis Acid Mediated Fragmentation of Tetrazoles towards Triazoles
Authors: El Kaïm Laurent , Grimaud Laurence , Pravin Patil 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIf Ugi–azide adducts generated from tert‐butyl isocyanide, primary amines, and aromatic aldehydes are oxidized by copper(II) salts, the resulting imino tetrazoles may be easily converted into triazoles through Lewis acid catalyzed fragmentation of the tetrazole under microwave conditions.
Social resources at a time of crisis: How gender stereotypes inform gendered leader evaluations
Authors: Rink Floor , Ryan Michelle K. , Stoker Janka I. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractResearch suggests that women are more likely than men to be selected for leadership positions when organizations are in a performance crisis, a phenomenon labeled the glass cliff. Two scenario studies demonstrate that the glass‐cliff effect is attenuated when organizational stakeholders support the decision to appoint a new leader (i.e., indicating that the new leader can rely on social resources). The glass‐cliff effect remains when this decision is not fully supported (i.e., indicating that the new leader is unable to rely on social resources). This moderation seems driven by beliefs that men are more likely to possess agentic leadership traits and women more communal leadership traits. When there is no performance crisis, these gendered beliefs are less influential, and thus, social resources do not inform people's leader evaluations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advances on waste valorization: new horizons for a more sustainable society
Authors: Arancon Rick Arneil D. , Lin Carol Sze Ki , Chan King Ming , Kwan Tsz Him , Luque Rafael 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIncreasingly tighter regulations regarding organic waste, and the demand for renewable chemicals and fuels, are pushing the manufacturing industry toward higher sustainability to improve cost‐effectiveness and meet customers’ demand. Food waste valorization is one of the current research areas that has attracted a great deal of attention over the past few years as a potential alternative to the disposal of a wide range of residues in landfill sites. In particular, the development of environmentally sound and innovative strategies to process such waste is an area of increasing importance in our current society. Landfill, incineration and composting are common, mature technologies for waste disposal. However, they are not satisfactory to treating organic waste due to the generation of toxic methane gas and bad odor, high energy consumption and slow reaction kinetics. In fact, research efforts have also been oriented on novel technologies to decompose organic waste. However, no valuable product is generated from the decomposition process. Instead of disposing and decomposing food waste, recent research has focused on its utilization as energy source (e.g., for bioethanol and biodiesel production). Organic waste is also useful to generate useful organic chemicals via biorefinery or white biotechnology (e.g., succinic acid and/or bio‐plastics). This article is aimed to summarize recent development of waste valorization strategies for the sustainable production of chemicals, materials, and fuels through the development of green production strategies. It will also provide key insights into recent legislation on management of waste worldwide as well as two relevant case studies (the transformation of corncob residues into functionalized biomass‐derived carbonaceous solid acids and their utilization in the production of biodiesel‐like biofuels from waste oils in Philippines, as well as the development of a bakery waste based biorefinery for succinic acid and bioplastic production in Hong Kong) to illustrate the enormous potential of biowaste valorization for a more sustainable society. Future research directions and possible sustainable approaches will also be discussed with their respective proofs of concept.
Das Prinzip des response mode
Authors: Strohschneider Peter 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSelbstvergewisserung aus gegebenem Anlass: Die DFG fördert die Forschung direkt auf Anträge hin — aber auch durch eigene strategische Beiträge zur Entwicklung bestimmter Forschungsfelder. Entscheidend ist, dass in beiden Formen stets die Wissenschaft selbst den inhaltlichen Impuls gibt.
Value of open horizontal glottectomy in the treatment for T1b glottic cancer with anterior commissure involvement
Authors: Szyfter Witold , Leszczyńska Małgorzata , Wierzbicka Małgorzata , Kopeć Tomasz , Bartochowska Anna 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes in the group of 108 T1b glottic cancer patients with the anterior commissure involvement treated with open horizontal glottectomy and to compare them with transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) or primary radiotherapy (XRT) results from the literature review.MethodsStatus of surgical margins, local and nodal recurrence, organ preservation and survival rates, functional outcomes were major end points of interest.ResultsRecurrence rate was 16.7% and was correlated with histologically confirmed prelaryngeal node metastases. Salvage laryngectomy was performed in 10 patients, organ preservation rate was 90.7%. Mean survival was 41.9 months, while 5‐year overall survival 97.2%.ConclusionsLocal control and survival rates presented by the authors are comparable or even better than in TLM procedures or XRT outcomes from the literature. Positive prelaryngeal lymph nodes constituted a significant prognostic factor for nodal and local recurrence in the analyzed group. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1738–1744, 2013