bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
States of Environmental Justice: Redistributive Politics across the United States, 1993–2004
Authors: Abel Troy D. , Salazar Debra J. , Robert Patricia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn the 20 years since a president committed federal government agencies to achieving environmental justice (EJ), states have been at the forefront of policy development. But states have varied in the nature and extent of their EJ efforts. We use Guttman Scaling to measure state EJ effort and test hypotheses regarding the relative importance of problem severity, politics, and administrative variables to variation in state policy development. Our analysis offers a novel characterization of state policy intensity and demonstrates its scalability. Income‐based problem severity, environmental group membership, and nonwhite populations were important predictors of state EJ policy intensity during our study period. The political geography of EJ policy also displayed a distinctive southern pattern and the EJ policy intensity model contrasted significantly with a model of environmental policy innovation. The findings suggest that state EJ politics are more indicative of redistributive policy than regulatory.
Who's Afraid ofWikiLeaks? Missed Opportunities in Political Science Research
Authors: Michael Gabriel J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLeaked information, such as WikiLeaks’ Cablegate, constitutes a unique and valuable data source for researchers interested in a wide variety of policy‐oriented topics. Yet political scientists have avoided using leaked information in their research. This article argues that we can and should use leaked information as a data source in scholarly research. First, the methodological, ethical, and legal challenges related to the use of leaked information in research have been considered, concluding that none of these present serious obstacles. Second, how political scientists can use leaked information to generate novel and unique insights concerning political phenomena using a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods have been shown. Specifically, how leaked documents reveal important details concerning the Trans‐Pacific Partnership negotiations, and how leaked diplomatic cables highlight a significant disparity between the U.S. government's public attitude toward traditional knowledge and its private behavior have been demonstrated.
Induction of Local Secretory IgA and Multifunctional CD4+ T‐helper Cells Following Intranasal Immunization with a H5N1 Whole Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Trondsen M. , Aqrawi L. A. , Zhou F. , Pedersen G. , Trieu M. C. , Zhou P. , Cox R. J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAvian influenza subunit vaccines have been shown to be poorly immunogenic, leading to the re‐evaluation of the immunogenic and dose‐sparing potential of whole virus vaccines. In this study, we investigated the immune responses after one or two doses of intramuscular or intranasal whole inactivated influenza H5N1 virus vaccine in BALB/c mice. Serum samples and nasal washings were collected weekly post‐vaccination and analysed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera were also analysed by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Antibody‐secreting cells were measured in lymphocytes from spleen and bone marrow via enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT). Splenocytes were stimulated in vitro, and T‐helper profiles were measured through multiplex bead assay in the supernatants, or intracellularly by multiparametric flow cytometry. Both vaccine routes induced high HI titres following the second immunization (intramuscular = 370, intranasal = 230). Moreover, the intramuscular group showed significantly higher levels of serum IgG (P < 0.01), IgG1 (P < 0.01) and IgG2a (P < 0.01) following the second vaccine dose, while the intranasal group exhibited significantly higher levels of serum IgA (P < 0.05) and local IgA (P < 0.01) in the nasal washings. Also, IgA antibody‐secreting cells were found in significantly higher numbers in the intranasal group in both the spleen (P < 0.01) and the bone marrow (P < 0.01). Moreover, Th1 (TNF‐α, IL‐2, IFN‐γ) and Th2 (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10) cytokines were expressed by both groups, yet only the intranasal group expressed the Th17 marker IL‐17. As the intranasal vaccines induce local IgA and are easily administered, we suggest the intranasally administered whole virus vaccine as a promising candidate for a pandemic H5N1 vaccine.
Singularity inBeauvoir'sThe Ethics of Ambiguity
Authors: Parker Emily Anne 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThough it has gone unnoticed so far inBeauvoir Studies, the term “singularity” is a technical one forSimone deBeauvoir. In the first half of the essay I discuss two reasons why this term has been obscured. First, as is well knownBeauvoir has not been read in the context of the history of philosophy until recently. Second, inThe Ethics of Ambiguityat least,singularitéis translated both inconsistently and quite misleadingly. In the second half of the essay I attempt to demonstrate the importance of this term inThe Ethics. The will to disclose being is the will to disclose the singularity of the other, whether human, land, sky or painting. Ambiguity, whichBeauvoir distinguishes from absurdity in Camus, is an image suggesting this necessarily mutual disclosure of singularity.
Élan VitalRevisited:Bergson and the Thermodynamic Paradigm
Authors: DiFrisco James 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe received view ofBergson's philosophy of life is that it advances some form of vitalism under the heading of an “élan vital.” This paper argues against the vitalistic interpretation ofBergson'sélan vitalas it appears inCreativeEvolution (1907) in favor of an interpretation based on his overlooked reflections on entropy and energetics. Within the interpretation developed here, theélan vitalis characterized not as a spiritualistic “vital force” but as a tendency of organization opposed to the tendency of entropic degradation. It is then shown howBergson's view of evolution and living organization resonates with more contemporary scientific approaches belonging to a “thermodynamic paradigm” in theoretical biology in different respects, including the critique of neo‐Darwinism and the positing of a driving force behind evolution. Finally, the special interest thatBergson's philosophical biology bears today is considered in terms of the connection between the concepts ofélan vitaland duration.
The Longitudinal Interplay between Bullying, Victimization, and Social Status: Age‐related and Gender Differences
Authors: Sentse Miranda , Kretschmer Tina , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe current study examined the longitudinal interplay between bullying, victimization, and social status (acceptance, rejection, and perceived popularity) over the course of 1 year. Cross‐lagged path models were estimated for two cohorts, covering grades 3–6 (N = 3904, M age = 11.2 years) and grades 7–9 (N = 4492, M age = 14.4 years). Comparisons between cohorts and by gender were conducted. The results of this study corroborate the complexity of the longitudinal interplay between bullying, victimization, and social status in showing that direction and strength of associations differ by type of peer status, age, and gender. Conclusions cannot be drawn without taking these differences into account. The findings are discussed according to these differences, and directions for future research are provided.
The relevance of intestinal dysbiosis in liver transplant candidates
Authors: Grąt M. , Hołówko W. , Wronka K.M. , Grąt K. , Lewandowski Z. , Kosińska I. , Krasnodębski M. , Wasilewicz M. , Gałęcka M. , Szachta P. , Zborowska H. , Patkowski W. , Krawczyk M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe gut microbial ecosystem plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. However, the association of microbial community structure with the severity of liver dysfunction is not completely understood.MethodsFecal microflora was assessed in 40 patients with liver cirrhosis listed for primary liver transplantation (LT). Independent associations between fecal microbial counts and serum bilirubin, serum creatinine, international normalized ratio (INR), and the Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) score were established in multiple linear regression models.ResultsBifidobacterium (standardized regression coefficient [sβ] = −0.549; P < 0.001), Enterococcus (sβ = 0.369; P = 0.004), and yeast (sβ = 0.315; P = 0.018) numbers were independently associated with serum bilirubin, while Escherichia coli counts (sβ = 0.318; P = 0.046) correlated with INR, and Bifidobacterium counts (sβ = 0.410; P = 0.009) with serum creatinine. Only Bifidobacterium (sβ = −0.468; P = 0.003) and Enterococcus (sβ = 0.331; P = 0.029) counts were independent predictors of the MELD score. Bifidobacterium/Enterococcus ratio, proposed as a measure of pre‐LT gut dysbiosis, was significantly related to the MELD score following the adjustment for the absolute Bifidobacterium (sβ = −0.333; P = 0.029) and Enterococcus (sβ = −0.966; P = 0.003) numbers. This pre‐transplant dysbiosis ratio (PTDR) was significantly correlated with Enterococcus (R = −0.897; P < 0.001) but not with Bifidobacterium (R = 0.098; P = 0.546) counts. Among the other components of gut microflora, only hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐producing Lactobacillus strains significantly influenced Enterococcus counts (sβ = 0.349; P = 0.028) and PTDR (sβ = −0.318; P = 0.046).ConclusionWhile the abundance of both Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus is related to liver dysfunction, the size of the Enterococcus population seems to be the most important determinant of pre‐LT gut dysbiosis in cirrhotic patients. The H2O2‐producing Lactobacillus strains potentially ameliorate this dysbiotic state.
The Effects of Self-Myofascial Release on Flexibility of the Lower Extremity: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Feldbauer Christine M. , Smith Brittany A. , Van Lunen Bonnie 
Published: March 2015

Clinical Question:Does self-myofascial release improve lower extremity fexibility or range of motion in physically active individuals?Clinical Bottom Line:There is low-level evidence to support the use of self-my-ofascial release to increase range of motion and fexibility in the lower extremity.
Kinetics of Single-Enzyme Reactions on Vesicles: Role of Substrate Aggregation
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir P. 
Published: March 2015

Enzymatic reactions occurring in vivo on lipid membranes can be influenced by various factors including macromolecular crowding in general and substrate aggregation in particular. In academic studies, the role of these factors can experimentally be clarified by tracking single-enzyme kinetics occurring on individual lipid vesicles. To extend the conceptual basis for such experiments, we analyze herein the corresponding kinetics mathematically with emphasis on the role of substrate aggregation. In general, the aggregation may occur on different length scales. Small aggregates may e.g. contain a few proteins or peptides while large aggregates may be mesoscopic as in the case of lipid domains which can be formed in the membranes composed of different lipids. We present a kinetic model describing comprehensively the effect of aggregation of the former type on the dependence of the reaction rate on substrate membrane concentration. The results obtained with physically reasonable parameters indicate that the aggregation-related deviations from the conventional Michaelis–Menten kinetics may be appreciable. [Formula: see text]Special Issue Comments: This theoretical article is focused on single-enzyme reactions occurring in parallel with substrate aggregation on individual vesicles. This subject is related to a few Special Issue articles concerning enzyme dynamics6,7 and function8 and mathematical aspects of stochastic kinetics.9
CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: In the Beginning, There Was PS-341
Authors: Teicher Beverly A. , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have a 20-year history in cancer therapy. The first proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, a breakthrough treatment for multiple myeloma, moved rapidly through development from the bench in 1994 to first FDA approval in 2003. Clinical Cancer Research has chronicled the development of proteasome inhibitors with publication of reports on bortezomib, carfilzomib, and the oral proteasome inhibitor ixazomib (MLN9708). Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 939–41. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Teicher et al., Clin Cancer Res 1999;5(9) September 1999;2638–45
CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: Preclinical Study of Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Allen Clint T. , Conley Barbara , Sunwoo John B. , Van Waes Carter 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In a study published in the May 1, 2001, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, Sunwoo and colleagues provided evidence for proteasome inhibition of NF-κB and tumorigenesis, supporting early-phase clinical trials in solid malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract. Subsequent clinical studies uncovered a dichotomy of responses in patients with hematopoietic and solid malignancies, and the mechanisms of resistance. Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 942–3. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Sunwoo et al., Clin Cancer Res 2001;7(5) May 2001;1419–28
A new species of decorator crabs, genus Menaethiops Alcock, 1895 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea: Epialthidae), from Abu-Musa Island, Persian Gulf, Iran
Authors: NADERLOO REZA 
Published: March 2015

Menaethiops abumusa n. sp. is closely similar to M. bicornis Alcock, 1985, and M. gadaniensis Kazmi & Tirmizi, 1999, regarding the relatively contiguous rostral spines. The new species is easily distinguishable from its two congeners by having distinctly round angles of orbital eaves and distally divergent rostral spines. Whereas in M. bicornis, and M. gadaniensis, the angles of orbital eaves are anteriorly produced and rostral spines are closely attached to each other along their entire length. Other morphological differences include the carapace spination/granulation, basal antennal segments, and morphology of the male’s first gonopod. Menaethiops gadaniensis was described from Gadani, Pakistan and was only known from the type locality, but is here recorded for the first time from the Gulf of Oman.
Identification of haplotype tag single nucleotide polymorphisms within the nuclear factor-κB family genes and their clinical relevance in patients with major trauma
Authors: Pan Wei , Zhang An Qiang , Gu Wei , Gao Jun Wei , Du Ding Yuan , Zhang Lian Yang , Zeng Ling , Du Juan , Wang Hai Yan , Jiang Jian Xin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family plays an important role in the development of sepsis in critically ill patients. Although several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the NF-κB family genes, only a few SNPs have been studied.

Methods
A total of 753 patients with major blunt trauma were included in this study. Tag SNPs (tSNPs) were selected from the NF-κB family genes (NFKB1, NFKB2, RELA, RELB and REL) through construction of haplotype blocks. The SNPs selected from genes within the canonical NF-κB pathway (including NFKB1, RELA and REL), which played a critical role in innate immune responses were genotyped using pyrosequencing method and analyzed in relation to the risk of development of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) syndrome. Moreover, the rs842647 polymorphism was analyzed in relation to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production by peripheral blood leukocytes in response to bacterial lipoprotein stimulation.

Results
Eight SNPs (rs28362491, rs3774932, rs4648068, rs7119750, rs4803789, rs12609547, rs1560725 and rs842647) were selected from the NF-κB family genes. All of them were shown to be high-frequency SNPs in this study cohort. Four SNPs (rs28362491, rs4648068, rs7119750 and rs842647) within the canonical NF-κB pathway were genotyped, and rs842647 was associated with sepsis morbidity rate and MOD scores. An association was also observed between the rs842647 A allele and lower TNF-α production.

Conclusions
rs842647 polymorphism might be used as relevant risk estimate for the development of sepsis and MOD syndrome in patients with major trauma.
Letters, green cards, telephone calls and postcards: Systematic and meta-analytic review of brief contact interventions for reducing self-harm, suicide attempts and suicide
Authors: Milner Allison J. , Carter Greg , Pirkis Jane , Robinson Jo , Spittal Matthew J. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundThere is growing interest in brief contact interventions for self-harm and suicide attempt.AimsTo synthesise the evidence regarding the effectiveness of brief contact interventions for reducing self-harm, suicide attempt and suicide.MethodA systematic review and random-effects meta-analyses were conducted of randomised controlled trials using brief contact interventions (telephone contacts; emergency or crisis cards; and postcard or letter contacts). Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine study quality and subgroup effects.ResultsWe found 14 eligible studies overall, of which 12 were amenable to meta-analyses. For any subsequent episode of self-harm or suicide attempt, there was a non-significant reduction in the overall pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.87 (95% CI 0.74–1.04,P= 0119) for intervention compared with control. The number of repetitions per person was significantly reduced in interventionv.control (incidence rate ratio IRR = 066, 95% CI 0.54–0.80,P<0001). There was no significant reduction in the odds of suicide in intervention compared with control (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.24–1.38).ConclusionsA non-significant positive effect on repeated self-harm, suicide attempt and suicide and a significant effect on the number of episodes of repeated self-harm or suicide attempts per person (based on only three studies) means that brief contact interventions cannot yet be recommended for widespread clinical implementation. We recommend further assessment of possible benefits in well-designed trials in clinical populations.
Common and disorder-specific neural responses to emotional faces
in generalised anxiety, social anxiety and panic disorders
Authors: Fonzo Gregory A. , Ramsawh Holly J. , Flagan Taru M. , Sullivan Sarah G. , Letamendi Andrea , Simmons Alan N. , Paulus Martin P. , Stein Murray B. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundAlthough evidence exists for abnormal brain function across various
anxiety disorders, direct comparison of neural function across diagnoses
is needed to elicit abnormalities common across disorders and those
distinct to a particular diagnosis.AimsTo delineate common and distinct abnormalities within generalised anxiety
(GAD), panic and social anxiety disorder (SAD) during affective
processing.MethodFifty-nine adults (15 with GAD, 15 with panic disorder, 14 with SAD, and
15 healthy controls) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging
while completing a facial emotion matching task with fearful, angry and
happy faces.ResultsGreater differential right amygdala activation to matching fearful
v. happy facial expressions related to greater
negative affectivity (i.e. trait anxiety) and was heightened across all
anxiety disorder groups compared with controls. Collapsing across
emotional face types, participants with panic disorder uniquely displayed
greater posterior insula activation.ConclusionsThese preliminary results highlight a common neural basis for clinical
anxiety in these diagnoses and also suggest the presence of
disorder-specific dysfunction.
Entry and Subcontracting in Public Procurement Auctions
Authors: Branzoli Nicola , Decarolis Francesco 
Published: March 2015

We empirically study how the interplay between entry and subcontracting choices is affected by the use of different auction formats in public procurement. The difference-in-differences strategy used exploits a data set of auctions for public works run alternately under first price and average bid auctions. We find that the use of first price auctions causes a marked decline in both entry and subcontracting. We also find that the type of firms entering first price auctions changes with firms becoming more likely to bid jointly with other firms in ad hoc joint ventures. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2071 . This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.
HIGH-TEMPERATURE GASIFICATION OF RDF WASTE AND MELTING OF FLY ASH OBTAINED FROM THE INCINERATION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE
Authors: Lázár Marián , Čarnogurská Mária , Lengyelová Marta , Korba Ján 
Published: March 2015

<p>Objective of this paper is to describe innovative solutions of thermal processing of selected components of municipal waste (so-called RDF waste) using low-ionized depended plasma arc generated by a progressive and promising technology, which is plasma reactor. Its application can transform hazardous waste into inert waste while significantly reducing the volume of waste. Results given in this paper indicate experimentally achieved outputs with thermal disposal of RDF waste and ash from municipal waste.</p><p> </p>
Perspectives on the Case of "Judith"
Authors: Hyer Lee , Brandon Brianna 
Published: March 2015

Ward and Hogan’s (2015) case of "Judith," a client with traumatic brain injury (TBI), highlights the emerging interactive features of effective psychotherapy melding core elements of the art and science of a tried and true psychotherapy practice (non-directive, client-centered therapy) with cognitive training (CT), including executive functioning training. In our commentary we summarize the facts of the case and then view it from four perspectives: the role of additional assessment, psychiatric diagnoses, the role of CT, and the Hyer Model. The latter is our own model that highlights a comprehensive, systematic, holistic, individually tailed approach to the treatment process when both psychological distress and/or dysfunction are combined with cognitive deficit factors. We suggest that the Hyer Model helps to formalize and systematize the approach taken by Ward and Hogan in their case study of Judith.
Microstructure and corrosion of AA2024
Authors: Hughes Anthony E. , Parvizi Reza , Forsyth Maria 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAA2024-Tx is one of the most common high-strength aluminium alloys used in the aerospace industry. This article reviews current understanding of the microstructure of sheet AA2024-T3 and chronicles the emergence of new compositions for constituent particles as well as reviews older literature to understand the source of the original compositions. The review goes on to summarise older and more recent studies on corrosion of AA2024-T3, drawing attention to areas of corrosion initiation and propagation. It pays particular attention to modern approaches to corrosion characterisation as obtained through microelectrochemical techniques and physicochemical characterisation, which provide statistical assessment of factors that contribute to corrosion of AA2024. These approaches are also relevant to other alloys.
Arc thermal metal spray for the protection of steel structures: an overview
Authors: Lee Han Seung , Ismail Mohamed A. , Choe Hong Bok 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCoating for corrosion protection was popular during the past decade. Thermal spray coating played an important role during that time. In recent years, arc thermal metal spray coating became widely used. Arc thermal metal spraying method (ATMSM) provides proven long-term protective coating systems using zinc, aluminum, and their alloys for steel work in a marine environment. This paper provides a review of the latest development in ATMSM by evaluating the current techniques in the industry and by analyzing technical data obtained from an extensive experimental program.