bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Olfaction in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Meric Aysenur , Dogan Remzi , Veyseller Bayram , Su Ozlem , Ozucer Berke , Tugrul Selahattin , Ozturan Orhan 
Published: March 2014

Background Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by acantholysis. PV decreases quality of life and leads to morbidity and mortality. Although the association between PV and otolaryngeal disease has been studied, its effect on olfaction has not been investigated objectively and quantitatively. Methods Twenty-eight patients with PV and 28 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Lesions were identified nasal endoscopic examination. Nasal symptoms (itching, obstruction, pain, bleeding, and crusting) were recorded. Volunteers were asked to evaluate the factor function via a visual analog scale. The Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) olfactory test was performed (butanol threshold test and identification test), and the score was calculated as the mean ± SD. Results The mean age of the PV group (group 1: 10 male 18 female subjects) was 48.7 ± 8.9 years. The mean age of the control group (group 2: 17 male and 11 female subjects) was 48.0 ± 1.1 years. All nasal symptoms, except itching, were more severe in the PV group (p < 0.05). Nasal lesions were more common in the PV group (p = 0.0001). Evaluation of olfactory function revealed significantly lower score in the PV group for both the butanol threshold test and the identification testing as well as the CCCRC total score (p = 0.001). PV patients with nasal lesions had significantly more nasal symptoms (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between the number of lesions and the olfactory scores in group 1 for the butanol threshold test, identification testing, and the CCCRC total scores, respectively (p = 0.002, p = 0.010, and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion PV causes olfactory dysfunction leading to eventual hyposmia that decreases quality of life. We suggest that olfactory testing be included in PV evaluation for the diagnosis and treatment of hyposmia, when necessary.
A Simple Animal Model of Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilm in Sinusitis
Authors: Jia Minghui , Chen Zhongchun , Du Xin , Guo Yongwei , Sun Tingyu , Zhao Xia 
Published: March 2014

Background Previous research suggested that the biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus contributes greatly to the recalcitrant nature of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, the lack of a simple and stable animal model limited further study in this field. The aim of this study was to ate a convenient animal model of S. aureus biofilms in the maxillary sinus of rabbit. Methods New Zealand white rabbits were used as model animals and incised vertically along the median line of the nasal dorsum to expose the anterolateral wall of maxillary sinus, on which a 1.5-mm-diameter hole was drilled to enter the sinus cavity. Through the hole, a piece of gelatin sponge was inserted and then inoculated bacterial suspension into the maxillary sinus. One to 8 weeks after the surgery, the sinus mucosa were harvested and examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results All rabbits tolerated the surgical procedures and had developed sinusitis by the time they were killed. SEM revealed that biofilms were presented in 100% of rabbits who had bacteria infected for ≥2 weeks, during which the ciliated epithelial cells were encapsulated and gradually destroyed. H&E staining revealed morphological changes of the epithelial cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in subepithelial layer, which showed a strong correlation with the results of SEM. Conclusion This biofilm model of sinusitis avoids excessive damage to the nasal cavity and sinuses of the rabbits. It may be a desirable animal model for studying the pathogenesis and eradication strategies of bacterial biofilms in sinusitis.
Comparison of Cleaning Power Between Alcohol Ethoxylates or Methyl Ester Ethoxylates Having Different EO Chain Lengths and a Common Anionic Surfactant
Authors: Nagai Yu , Togawa Natsumi , Tagawa Yumiko , Gotoh Keiko 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Cleaning power of different surfactants was investigated using a model detergent system consisting of a PET film and stearic acid. Surfactants used were alcohol ethoxylates (AE, C12) and methyl ester ethoxylates (MEE, C12) with different ethylene oxide (EO) chain lengths. For comparison with these nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactant, sodium alkyl sulfate (AS, C12), was chosen. After depositing stearic acid, the PET film was cleaned in aqueous surfactant solutions by applying stirring as a mechanical action for soil removal. The amounts of stearic acid deposited on the PET film before and after the cleaning were obtained by binary processing of microscopic images of the PET film surface, from which the removal efficiency was calculated. The surface tension γ and the contact angle on the PET film θ of the surfactant solution were measured by the pendant drop and the sessile drop method, respectively. For the nonionic surfactants, critical micelle concentration, cmc, and γ and θ above cmc decreased with decreasing EO chain length. The removal efficiency of stearic acid increased with increasing surfactant concentration and further increase in the removal above cmc was observed in the cases of AE and MEE with EO chain length of 10. The removal efficiencies obtained in all systems had good relation with both γ and θ, indicating that the penetration of the surfactant solution between stearic acid and the PET film in the contact zone was a dominant factor in the soil removal in the present system.
Softening Effect of Bentonite and Redeposition of Solid Impurities on Washed Cotton Fabric
Authors: Carrion-Fite Francisco-Javier 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of this work is to propose a contribution to obtain an improvement in the redeposition of solid impurities on cotton fabric during washing with ecological surfactants and also the enhancement of their smoothness. For that purpose, sodium bentonite was added to the detergent formulations to produce a smoothing effect while washing, to obtain what is known as “softergent”. Thus, smoothing with this product, the necessity of adding softener in the last rinse during washing is eliminated, with the savings of softeners and time and more ecological waste water. This was possible given the excellent compatibility of the bentonite with all the components of the detergent. As a water-soluble inorganic salt, bentonite is environmentally friendly. The surfactants used in the detergent formulations were the anionic sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and the two non-ionic surfactants, APG and AE with 7 m. EO, which were used separately and in mixtures of different proportions of anionic and non-ionic surfactants. The sodium bentonite (composed mainly of silicates and aluminates) was used with two types of particle size, without surface treatment and with and without ammoniumsilicone softener treatment to show the effect on their behaviour. The redeposition behaviour on the cotton fabric and the smoothness produced after washing with bentonite microparticles in the detergent formulation, depending on use of the surfactants alone or in the different proportions of anionic : non-ionic surfactants were measured. The smoothness of cotton fabrics produced by the bentonite microparticles after washing was evaluated by hand. A relationship between handle and inorganic ash contents was established. Also, the electrical double layer of the bentonites was measured in the presence of the surfactants tested.
Physicochemical Characterization and in vivo Skin Performance of a Novel Alkyl Polyglucoside Emulsifier in Natural Cosmetic Cream-Bases
Authors: Markovic Dragana Bogdanovic , Tasic-Kostov Marija , Lukic Milica , Isailovic Tanja , Krstonosic Veljko , Daniels Rolf , Savic Snezana 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) are a perfect amphiphilic structure, with excellent surface activity and solubility feature. The aim of this study is to develop a simple system, with a relatively low emulsifier content, composed of materials mainly naturally based and with no additional fatty alcohol. Hydroxystearyl alcohol and Hydroxystearyl glucoside, prepared with Jojoba and Hazelnut oil, medium chain triglycerides with or without Xylitylglucoside and Anhydroxylitol and Xylitol, have been investigated by using microscopy, rheology, thermal analysis, pH and conductimetry. Cyclic stress and in vivo skin irritation tests were also conducted. The investigated natural APG emulsifier has a capacity to form simple and stable emulsions of desirable rheological profile with improved hydration potential and to renew damaged skin, thus it can be safely applied as stabilizer in cosmetic and prospective pharmaceutical cream-bases.
Phenotypic characterization of the CRISPA (ARP gene) mutant of pea (Pisum sativum; Fabaceae): A reevaluation
Authors: DeMason Darleen A. , Chetty Venkateswari 
Published: March 2014

• Premise of the study: Leaf form and development are controlled genetically. The ARP genes encode MYB transcription factors that interact with Class 1 KNOX genes in a regulatory module that controls meristem‐leaf determinations and is highly conserved in plants. ARP loss of function alleles and subsequent KNOX1 overexpression cause many unusual leaf phenotypes including loss or partial loss of the ability to produce a lamina and production of “knots” on leaf blades. CRISPA (CRI) is the ARP gene in pea, and a number of its mutant alleles are known.• Methods: We made morphological and anatomical evaluations of cri‐1 mutant plants while controlling for genetic background and for heteroblastic effects, and we used aldehyde fixation and resin preparations for anatomical analysis. Further, we compared gene expression in WT and cri‐1 shoot tips and HOP1/PsKN1 and CRI expression in other leaf mutants.• Key results: The cri‐1 plants had more extensive abnormalities in the proximal than in the distal regions of the leaf, including ectopic stipules, narrow leaflets, and shortened petioles with excessive adaxial expansion. “Knots” were morphologically and anatomically variable but consisted of vascularized out‐pocketing of the adaxial leaflet surface. HOP1/PsKN1 and UNI mRNA levels were higher in cri‐1 shoot tips, and some auxin‐regulated genes were lower. Low LE expression suggests that the GA level is high in cri‐1 shoot tips.• Conclusions: The CRISPA gene of pea suppresses KNOX1 genes and UNI and functions to (1) maintain proximal‐distal regions in their appropriate positions, (2) restrict excessive adaxial cell proliferation, and (3) promote laminar expansion.
Sulforaphane Protects from T Cell–Mediated Autoimmune Disease by Inhibition of IL-23 and IL-12 in Dendritic Cells
Authors: Geisel Julia , Brück Jürgen , Glocova Ivana , Dengler Katja , Sinnberg Tobias , Rothfuss Oliver , Walter Michael , Schulze-Osthoff Klaus , Röcken Martin , Ghoreschi Kamran 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate, is part of an important group of naturally occurring small molecules with anti-inflammatory properties. The published reports are best conceivable with an inhibition of T cell function, but the mode of action remains unknown. We therefore analyzed the effect of SFN on T cell–mediated autoimmune disease. Feeding mice with SFN protected from severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Disease amelioration was associated with reduced IL-17 and IFN-γ expression in draining lymph nodes. In vitro, SFN treatment of T cells did not directly alter T cell cytokine secretion. In contrast, SFN treatment of dendritic cells (DCs) inhibited TLR4-induced IL-12 and IL-23 production, and severely suppressed Th1 and Th17 development of T cells primed by SFN-treated DCs. SFN regulated the activity of the TLR4-induced transcription factor NF-κB, without affecting the degradation of its inhibitor IκB-α. Instead, SFN treatment of DCs resulted in strong expression of the stress response protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which interacts with and thereby inhibits NF-κB p65. Consistent with these findings, HO-1 bound to p65 and subsequently inhibited the p65 activity at the IL23a and IL12b promoters. Importantly, SFN suppressed Il23a and Il12b expression in vivo and silenced Th17/Th1 responses within the CNS. Thus, our data show that SFN improves Th17/Th1-mediated autoimmune disease by inducing HO-1 and inhibiting NF-κB p65-regulated IL-23 and IL-12 expression.
Cutting Edge: A Double-Mutant Knockin of the CD28 YMNM and PYAP Motifs Reveals a Critical Role for the YMNM Motif in Regulation of T Cell Proliferation and Bcl-xL Expression
Authors: Boomer Jonathan S. , Deppong Christine M. , Shah Dulari D. , Bricker Traci L. , Green Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
CD28 is a critical regulator of T cell function, augmenting proliferation, cytokine secretion, and cell survival. Our previous work using knockin mice expressing point mutations in CD28 demonstrated that the distal proline motif was primarily responsible for much of CD28 function, whereas in marked contrast to prior studies, mutation of the PI3K-binding motif had little discernible effect. In this study, we examined the phenotype of mice in which both motifs are simultaneously mutated. We found that mutation of the PYAP motif unmasks a critical role for the proximal tyrosine motif in regulating T cell proliferation and expression of Bcl-xL but not cytokine secretion. In addition, we demonstrated that, although function is more severely impaired in the double mutant than in either single mutant, there remained residual CD28-dependent responses, definitively establishing that additional motifs can partially mediate CD28 function.
Differential Kinetics of Antigen Dependency of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Rabenstein Hannah , Behrendt Anne C. , Ellwart Joachim W. , Naumann Ronald , Horsch Marion , Beckers Johannes , Obst Reinhard 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Ag recognition via the TCR is necessary for the expansion of specific T cells that then contribute to adaptive immunity as effector and memory cells. Because CD4+ and CD8+ T cells differ in terms of their priming APCs and MHC ligands we compared their requirements of Ag persistence during their expansion phase side by side. Proliferation and effector differentiation of TCR transgenic and polyclonal mouse T cells were thus analyzed after transient and continuous TCR signals. Following equally strong stimulation, CD4+ T cell proliferation depended on prolonged Ag presence, whereas CD8+ T cells were able to divide and differentiate into effector cells despite discontinued Ag presentation. CD4+ T cell proliferation was neither affected by Th lineage or memory differentiation nor blocked by coinhibitory signals or missing inflammatory stimuli. Continued CD8+ T cell proliferation was truly independent of self-peptide/MHC-derived signals. The subset divergence was also illustrated by surprisingly broad transcriptional differences supporting a stronger propensity of CD8+ T cells to programmed expansion. These T cell data indicate an intrinsic difference between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells regarding the processing of TCR signals for proliferation. We also found that the presentation of a MHC class II–restricted peptide is more efficiently prolonged by dendritic cell activation in vivo than a class I bound one. In summary, our data demonstrate that CD4+ T cells require continuous stimulation for clonal expansion, whereas CD8+ T cells can divide following a much shorter TCR signal.
Presence of CD8+ T Cells in the Ectocervical Mucosa Correlates with Genital Viral Shedding in HIV-Infected Women despite a Low Prevalence of HIV RNA–Expressing Cells in the Tissue
Authors: Gibbs Anna , Hirbod Taha , Li Qingsheng , Bohman Karin , Ball Terry B. , Plummer Francis A. , Kaul Rupert , Kimani Joshua , Broliden Kristina , Tjernlund Annelie 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The female genital tract is a portal of entry for sexual HIV transmission and a possible viral reservoir. In this study, the ectocervical CD8+ T cell distribution was explored in situ and was related to expression of CD3 and HLA-DR and presence of HIV RNA. For this purpose, ectocervical tissue samples and genital secretions were collected from HIV-seropositive (HIV+) Kenyan female sex workers (FSWs) (n = 20), HIV-seronegative (HIV−) FSWs (n = 17), and HIV− lower-risk women (n = 21). Cell markers were assessed by in situ staining and by quantitative PCR. HIV RNA expression in tissue was analyzed by in situ hybridization, and viral shedding was assessed by quantitative PCR. The HIV+FSW group had a higher amount of total cells and CD8+, CD3+, and HLA-DR+ cells compared with the HIV−FSW group and HIV− lower-risk women. The majority of CD8+ cells were CD3+ T cells, and the numbers of CD8+ cells correlated significantly with plasma and cervical viral load. HIV RNA expression in situ was found in 4 of the 20 HIV+FSW women but did not correlate with cervical or plasma viral load. Thus, the HIV+ women displayed high numbers of CD8+, CD3+, and HLA-DR+ cells, as well as a limited number of HIV RNA+ cells, in their ectocervical mucosa; hence, this localization cannot be neglected as a potential viral reservoir. The elevated levels of CD8+ T cells may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV in the female genital tract.
Une propriété de domination convexe pour les orbites sturmiennes
Authors: Bousch Thierry 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLet x = (x0; x1; … ) be a N-periodic sequence of integers (N ≥ 1), and s a sturmian sequence with the same barycenter (and also N-periodic, consequently). It is shown that, for affine functions ∝: RN(N) → R which are increasing relatively to some order ≤2 on RN(N) (the space of all N-periodic sequences), the average of |∝| on the orbit of x is greater than its average on the orbit of s.
A survey of the management of transient loss of consciousness in the emergency department
Authors: Matthews IG , Lawson J , Parry SW , Davison J 
Published: March 2014

Background: Transient loss of consciousness (TLoC) is a common presentation to the emergency department (ED). We sought to evaluate current practice in the management of patients with TLoC presenting to a large, city centre ED, against national standards. Methods: The ED admissions database was searched to identify all patients attending with TLoC during October 2012. The clinical record of the attendance was reviewed to determine if the initial assessment met national standards. Results: Ninety-one patients had a primary presentation with TLoC, representing 0.95% of ED attendances. Documentation of before/during/after the clinical event and clinical examination were done well. Notable aspects done less well included lying and standing blood pressure and recording of driving status. No patient was discharged from the ED with a copy of their 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Sixty-five patients (71%) were discharged from the ED, with follow-up arranged for 11 (16%). Additional follow-up would have been appropriate in a further 15 cases (28%). Conclusion: Several aspects of the initial assessment of TLoC were done well. Areas for improvement include driving status documentation and advice, recording of postural blood pressures and ECG provision on discharge.
The effectiveness of geriatrician-led comprehensive hip fracture collaborative care in a new acute hip unit based in a general hospital setting in the UK
Authors: Gupta A 
Published: March 2014

Background: We introduced a new model of care for patients with hip fractures involving a multidisciplinary approach. We then assessed the impact of this geriatrician-led comprehensive and collaborative hip fracture care on hip fracture outcomes. Methods: The traditional model of care comprised of patients being managed on an orthopaedic ward under the care of one of ten orthopaedic surgeons, with a weekly orthogeriatric liaison. In this study model, hip fracture patients were directly admitted from the emergency department to a new, acute, dedicated hip unit that provided joint patient care by orthopaedic surgeons and an orthogeriatrics team. Intervention measures included fast track admission, a preoperative geriatric assessment, daily geriatrician-led clinical care on weekdays and general medical support on weekends. Standard protocols were implemented. Weekly geriatrician-led multidisciplinary meetings were held with an emphasis on early mobilisation and early discharge planning. Results: There was a significant reduction in the time to surgery performed within 48 hours (86% vs 77% p=0.013) and in the hospital length of stay (34 vs 19.6 days p<0.001). Conclusions: The main reasons for the improved outcomes in the study could include the multidisciplinary teamworking with geriatrician-led pre and post-operative care, and working closely with orthopaedic surgeons. Additionally, implementation of systematic protocols could have contributed to positive results.
Expansão da educação superior no Brasil a partir do REUNI: o curso noturno de odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Souza Juliana Maciel de , Weschenfelder Helena Corrêa , Toassi Ramona Fernanda Ceriotti 
Published: March 2014

Este artigo é resultado de um estudo que tem por objetivo analisar o perfil do estudante ingressante do curso noturno de Odontologia em uma universidade pública no sul do Brasil, bem como os motivos de escolha, expectativas em relação à profissão e perspectivas de atuação profissional. Iniciado no segundo semestre de 2010, o curso noturno de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul propõe-se a inserir o estudante que trabalha durante o dia na universidade. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal. Foram convidados a participar da pesquisa todos os estudantes que realizaram a matrícula no curso em 2010, 2011 e 2012 (n=90). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado. O estudo foi aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade (protocolo no 21797). Um total de 88 estudantes participaram desse estudo (taxa de resposta = 97,8%). A maior parte dos estudantes são mulheres, jovens, brancos, solteiros, sem filhos, com até dois irmãos, naturais do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, residem com os pais e trabalham. É necessário o acompanhamento permanente da experiência dos cursos criados com base na proposta ‘REUNI’ em cada instituição federal.
Teoria Histórico-Cultural e intervenções pedagógicas: possibilidades e realizações do bom ensino
Authors: Chaves Marta , Tuleski Silvana Calvo , Lima Elieuza Aparecida , Girotto Cyntia Graziella G. Simões 
Published: March 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464444210Este texto tem por objetivo refletir e socializar práticas educativas e experiências de formação em serviço realizadas em municípios dos estados do Paraná e São Paulo, como desdobramento de pesquisas, projetos e cursos de extensão. A presente elaboração contempla estudos sobre a organização do ensino e pauta-se na Teoria Histórico-Cultural, que ampara as intervenções pedagógicas para a Educação Infantil e o Ensino Fundamental. A Teoria Histórico-Cultural apresenta-se como referencial teórico para uma proposta de atuar em uma perspectiva de humanização e emancipação. Assim, para que os procedimentos didáticos sejam ricos de significado, a comunicação, a afetividade e a escolha de recursos e procedimentos devem figurar como características essenciais no processo de ensino.
Repenser la centralité
Authors: Marchal Hervé , Stébé Jean-Marc 
Published: March 2014

L’article entend montrer que le concept de « centralité » développé par Henri Lefebvre ainsi que l’opposition entre centre et périphérie doivent être réinterrogés au regard du processus d’étalement urbain. En effet, celui-ci génère, comme nous l’indiquerons à partir de plusieurs recherches empiriques réalisées au sein d’une ville de taille moyenne de l’est de la France, une multiplication des centralités concrètes qui s’avèrent déterminantes aussi bien sur le plan des modes de vie et des activités quotidiennes que des choix résidentiels.