bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A kinetic Monte Carlo study of defect assisted transport in silicon heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Muralidharan Pradyumna , Vasileska Dragica , Goodnick Stephen M. , Bowden Stuart 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe device performance of an amorphous silicon (a‐Si)/crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cell depends strongly on the interfacial transport properties of the device. The energy of the photogenerated carriers at the barrier strongly depends on the strength of the inversion at the heterointerface and their collection requires interaction with the defects present in the intrinsic amorphous silicon buffer layer. In this work we present a theoretical model to study the defect assisted transport of photogenerated carriers through the intrinsic amorphous silicon barrier. We implement the kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) method which allows us to simulate the interaction of discrete carriers with discrete defects. This method allows us to study defect transport which takes place on a time scale which is too long for traditional ensemble Monte Carlo's to analyze. We analyze the injection and extraction of carriers via defects by calculating transition rates, i.e. probability of transition to defect states within the intrinsic amorphous silicon barrier. The KMC results allow us to quantitatively study the properties of the heterointerface barrier in terms of how it affects transport. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical signal processing for data error detection and correction using a‐SiCH technology
Authors: Vieira M. A. , Vieira M. , Silva V. , Louro P. , Costa J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the nonlinear properties of SiC multilayer devices under UV irradiation to design an optical processor for error detection and correction, that enables reliable delivery of spectral data of four‐wave mixing over unreliable communication channels. The SiC optical processor for error detection and correction is realized by using a SiC pin/pin photodetector with UV biased optical gating elements. The relationship between the optical inputs and the corresponding digital output levels is established. Data shows that the optical bias act as a selector that picks one or more states by splitting portions of the input multi optical signals across the front and back photodiodes. Boolean operations are demonstrated optically, additional parity logic operations are performed and checked for errors together. As an example we describe an all‐optical processor for error detection and correction and then, provide an experimental demonstration of this fault tolerant reversible system. An intuitive representation with a 4 bit original string coloured message and the transmitted 7 bit string, the parity matrix, the encoding and decoding processes and the design of SiC syndrome generators are presented. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Near and dear? The role of location in CSR engagement
Authors: Husted Bryan W. , Jamali Dima , Saffar Walid 
Published: September 2015

Research summary: Building on economic geography and institutional theory, we develop and test theory relating geographic variables to the strength of corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement and the cost of equity capital. For a large sample of U.S. firms over the period 1998–2009, we find strong and robust evidence that firms located in areas characterized by high levels of local CSR density score higher in CSR engagement. In addition, firms located close to major cities and financial centers exhibit higher CSR engagement compared to firms located in more remote areas. Moreover, the effect of CSR engagement on reducing equity financing costs is even greater for firms in high CSR density areas than for firms in low CSR density areas.Managerial summary: Does the location of CSR engagement by firms affect the strength of CSR engagement by their neighbors? Does the geography of engagement have an impact on financial performance? Our findings show that a firm's CSR engagement increases in areas where there is dense CSR engagement and when it is located near large cities. In these areas, norms, values, and knowledge related to CSR are transmitted to firms through face‐to‐face meetings and frequent social interactions with groups such as peers, labor unions, news media, universities, and community organizations, which tend to be concentrated in large cities. Our findings further highlight that CSR engagement reduces equity financing costs for firms in areas where CSR is widely practiced. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seeing the Forest, Not the Trees
Authors: Leu Donald J. , Forzani Elena , Timbrell Nicole , Maykel Cheryl 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWhile countless new technologies are appearing in our lives and in school classrooms, we argue that we need to keep in mind our goals in reading before we use any of them. We suggest that a primary goal is to develop the ability to read in order to learn with online information. Technologies that support this goal, especially the Internet, and instructional practices that support the development of online reading should be our primary consideration for reading and literacy education, beginning in the primary grades.
Value of third‐trimester cerebroplacental ratio and uterine artery Doppler indices as predictors of stillbirth and perinatal loss
Authors: Khalil A. , Morales‐Roselló J. , Townsend R. , Morlando M. , Papageorghiou A. , Bhide A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivePlacental insufficiency contributes to the risk of stillbirth. Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) is an emerging marker of placental insufficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of third‐trimester fetal CPR, uterine artery (UtA) Doppler and estimated fetal weight (EFW) with stillbirth and perinatal death.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study including 2812 women with a singleton pregnancy who underwent an ultrasound scan in the third trimester. EFWs were converted into centiles, and Doppler indices (UtA and CPR) were converted into multiples of the median (MoM), adjusting for gestational age. Regression analysis was performed to identify, and adjust for, potential confounders, and receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the predictive value.ResultsWhen adjusting for EFW centile and UtA mean pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) MoM, CPR‐MoM remained an independent predictor of stillbirth (odds ratio (OR) = 0.003 (95% CI, 0.00–0.11), P = 0.003) and perinatal mortality (OR = 0.001 (95% CI, 0.00–0.03), P < 0.001). UtA‐PI ≥ 1.5 MoM was significantly associated with low CPR‐MoM, even after adjusting for EFW centile (OR = 5.22 (95% CI, 3.88–7.04), P < 0.001) or small‐for‐gestational age (SGA; OR = 4.73 (95% CI, 3.49–6.41), P < 0.001). These associations remained significant, even when excluding pregnancies with SGA or including only cases in which Doppler indices were recorded at term (P < 0.01). For prediction of stillbirth, the area under the ROC curve, using a combination of these three parameters, was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.77–0.99) with a sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 92.1%, positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 8.46 and negative LR of 0.36.ConclusionsThird‐trimester CPR is an independent predictor of stillbirth and perinatal mortality. The role of UtA Doppler, CPR and EFW in assessing risk of adverse pregnancy outcome should be evaluated prospectively. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Noncoding RNA control of cellular senescence
Authors: Abdelmohsen Kotb , Gorospe Myriam 
Published: September 2015

Senescent cells accumulate in normal tissues with advancing age and arise by long‐term culture of primary cells. Senescence develops following exposure to a range of stress‐causing agents and broadly influences the physiology and pathology of tissues, organs, and systems in the body. While many proteins are known to control senescence, numerous noncoding (nc)RNAs are also found to promote or repress the senescent phenotype. Here, we review the regulatory ncRNAs (primarily microRNAs and lncRNAs) identified to‐date as key modulators of senescence. We highlight the major senescent pathways (p53/p21 and pRB/p16), as well as the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and other senescence‐associated events governed by ncRNAs, and discuss the importance of understanding comprehensively the ncRNAs implicated in cell senescence. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:615–629. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1297This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Synthesis of the First Homoleptic Trisilaallyl Chloride: ­3‐Chloro‐1, 1,2, 3,3‐pentakis(2′,4′,6′‐triisopropylphenyl)trisil‐1‐ene
Authors: Abersfelder Kai , Zhao Hui , White Andrew J. P. , Praesang Carsten , Scheschkewitz David 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUnsaturated silicon compounds are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of molecules with novel silicon‐based structural motifs with potential applications in materials chemistry. The difficulties associated with the transfer of the Si=Si moiety to promising substrates can be explained by the lack of suitably functionalized derivatives. Herein we report the synthesis and full characterization of the first homoleptic trisilaallyl chloride R2Si = Si(R)–Si(Cl)R2 (R = 2, 4,6‐triisopropylphenyl) by an unprecedented nucleophilic substitution at a central silicon atom under retention of an adjacent Si=Si double bond. Attempts to reductively generate the corresponding allylic anion led to the cleavage of the Si–Si single bond and isolation of the Et2O solvate of the corresponding disilenide.
Synthesis of New Dipyrido‐Annulated N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with Aryl Substituents
Authors: Maeta Naoto , Yamamoto Junki , Fuku‐en Shin‐ichi , Shang Rong , Yamamoto Yohsuke 
Published: September 2015

Abstract4,8‐Aryl‐substituted 2,10‐di‐tert‐butyldipyrido[1,2‐c;2′,1′‐e]‐imidazolium salts were synthesized from a newly prepared dibromo‐precursor by use of Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling. The corresponding carbenes were generated from the imidazolium salts by deprotonation. The trifluoromethyl‐substituted derivative (10a) was trapped by AuCl(SMe2) to give an N‐heterocyclic carbene‐coordinated gold(I) complex (12a), in which the central AuI atom is well protected by the aryl‐substituents of the NHC ligand.
Prevention of Esophageal Stricture After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yu Jiang‐Ping , Liu Yong‐Jun , Tao Ya‐Li , Ruan Rong‐Wei , Cui Zhao , Zhu Shu‐Wen , Shi Wang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is rapidly becoming a favored method for removing early esophageal cancer, but the residual defects can be complicated with strictures that require repeated endoscopic balloon dilatation. Measures for preventing the post‐ESD strictures have been sought. We conducted a systematic review of recent studies to evaluate these methods.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and Google Scholar until November 30, 2014. Included studies were prospective and retrospective one‐ and two‐arm studies. All studies had to include at least on preventive method for post‐ESD stricture. Thirteen studies were included in the review.ResultsAmong the studies that used corticosteroids to prevent post‐ESD stricture, we found that (1) injection of triamcinolone acetonide into the esophageal lesion resulted in a substantial reduction in the rate of stricture, and (2) the use of oral prednisolone was associated with a significantly reduced rate of dilatation sessions and stricture. Studies of other preventative measures included more recently developed scaffold‐based and cell‐based tissue‐engineering approaches which seem very promising but require additional rigorously controlled studies to test their effectiveness.ConclusionsUntil a safer and more effective method is developed, our review supports the use of corticosteroids, either through injection or oral route, together with endoscopic dilatation in prevention of post‐ESD strictures.
Evaluating the influence of diet‐related variables on breeding performance and home range behaviour of a top predator
Authors: Lourenço Rui , Delgado Maria del Mar , Campioni Letizia , Korpimäki Erkki , Penteriani Vincenzo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDiet composition is linked to reproductive performance directly or indirectly by other life‐history traits, including home range behaviour. The relationships between prey abundance, diet and individual fitness have often been explored. However, these relationships are complex and difficult to disentangle, especially in vertebrate top predators. Here, we present the results of a long‐term study using multi‐model inference procedures to elucidate the influence of diet‐related variables on breeding parameters and home range behaviour of a top predator, the eagle owl Bubo bubo. Superpredation, diet diversity, rat biomass and rabbit mean weight were the most important variables when analysing reproductive parameters, suggesting that less diverse diets with greater rabbit biomass percentage may benefit reproductive performance, whereas rat biomass percentage is apparently associated with greater variation of breeding success. Earlier laying dates seem to be associated with the consumption, on average, of smaller rabbits. On the other hand, edge density was the most relevant factor determining the variation in home range behaviour, with individual characteristics, such as age and sex, also being important. Although the relative importance of the diet‐related variables was generally low, mean weight of alternative prey, diet diversity and rabbit biomass also helped to explain home range parameters. In an optimal foraging context, centred on the abundance of the main prey species, our results suggest that when rabbits are less available eagle owls may increase home range size in order to obtain alternative prey, increasing at the same time their dietary diversity, which may also require higher movement speed.
Serum transferrin carrying the xeno‐tetrasaccharide NeuAc‐Gal‐GlcNAc2 is a biomarker of ALG1‐CDG
Authors: Bengtson Per , Ng Bobby G. , Jaeken Jaak , Matthijs Gert , Freeze Hudson H. , Eklund Erik A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractALG1‐CDG (formerly CDG‐Ik) is a subtype of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) where the genetic defect disrupts the synthesis of the lipid‐linked oligosaccharide precursor required for N‐glycosylation. The initial step in the investigation for these disorders involves the demonstration of hypoglycosylated serum transferrin (TF). There are no specific biomarkers of this CDG subtype known to date. An LC/MS approach was used to analyze sera from patients with ALG1‐CDG, PMM2‐CDG, suspected CDG, and individuals with alcohol abuse. We show mass spectrometric data combined with data from enzymatic digestions that suggest the presence of a tetrasaccharide consisting of two N‐acetylglucosamines, one galactose, and one sialic acid, appearing on serum TF, is a biomarker of this particular CDG subtype. This is the first time analysis of serum TF can suggest a specific CDG type I subtype and we suggest this tetrasaccharide be used in the clinic to guide the ALG1‐CDG diagnostic process.
Synthesis, Corrosion Inhibition Performance and Biodegradability of Novel Alkyl Hydroxyethyl Imidazoline Salts
Authors: Liu Hongqin , Hu Jun , Zhou Xiaoze , Liu Dan , Xu Baocai , Zhou Yawen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNew alkyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline salts were synthesized via a high pressure process with imidazoline and dimethyl carbonate, and their chemical structure were confirmed using mass spectral fragmentation and FTIR spectroscopic analysis. In addition, several quaternary ammonium salts with new counterions (formic acid, acetic acid and lactic acid) were also synthesized by ion exchange reaction of methyl carbonate quaternary ammoniums with the corresponding acids. These new compounds reduced the surface tension of water to a minimum value of approximately 27 mN m−1 at a concentration of 8.72 × 10−5 mol L−1. They also show efficient corrosion inhibition performances and could significantly inhibit the corrosion of mild steel in acid solutions. It was also found that the biological degradation of these imidazoline surfactants was greater than 98 % after 7 days.
Activation of 5-HT4 receptors facilitates neurogenesis from transplanted neural stem cells in the anastomotic ileum
Authors: Goto Kei , Kawahara Isao , Inada Hiroyuki , Misawa Hiromi , Kuniyasu Hiroki , Nabekura Junich , Takaki Miyako 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

An orally administered serotonin-4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist, mosapride citrate (MOS), promotes enteric neurogenesis in anastomoses after gut surgery. We performed gut surgery and transplanted 2 × 105 neural stem cells (NSCs) from the embryonic central nervous system after marking them with the cell linker, PKH26. We found that neurons differentiated from transplanted NSCs (PKH [+]) and newborn enteric neurons differentiated from mobilized (host) NSCs (YFP [+]) in the deep granulation tissue of the anastomotic ileum. MOS significantly increased the number of PKH (+) and YFP (+) neurons by 2.5-fold (P < 0.005) (n = 4). The distribution patterns of PKH (+) neurons and YFP (+) neurons were similar along the depth of the anastomosis. A 5-HT4 receptor antagonist, SB-207266, abolished these effects of MOS (n = 4). Our results indicate that neurogenesis from transplanted NSCs is potentiated by activation of 5-HT4 receptors. Thus, a combination of drug administration and cell transplantation could be more beneficial than cell transplantation alone in treating Hirschsprung’s disease and related disorders.
Trajectories of Behavioural Disturbances Across Dementia Types
Authors: Linds Alexandra B. , Kirstein Alana B. , Freedman Morris , Verhoeff Nicolaas P.L.G. , Wolf Uri , Chow Tiffany W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjective: To replicate a previous finding that the trajectory of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) shifts in the sixth year of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). We evaluated longitudinal tracking with both the Frontal Behavioural Inventory (FBI) and NPI, comparing bvFTD against other dementias.Methods: Chart reviews over two to five years for patients with bvFTD (n=30), primary progressive aphasia (PPA, n=13) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n=118) at an urban Canadian tertiary clinic specializing in dementia. Linear regressions of the longitudinal data tested predictors of annualized rates of change (ROC) in NPI and FBI total and subscales for apathy and disinhibition among dementia groups. Results: The mode of the overall sample for the most advanced duration of illness observed was 5 years, with the median at 7 years. We did not find a crescendo-decrescendo pattern in scores although, for bvFTD and AD, high initial scores correlated with ensuing downward ROCs on the NPI and FBI. Educational level showed an influence on disinhibition ROCs. The FBI was no more revealing than the NPI for apathy and disinhibition scores in these dementias. Conclusions: A cognitive reserve effect on behavioural disturbance was supported but it may take longer than our 4 years of observing the clinical sample to record inflection points in the behavioural and psychiatric symptoms seen in bvFTD. The current data only imply that both apathy and disinhibition will diminish over the course of dementia.
Disaster-Related Injury Management: High Prevalence of Wound Infection After Super Typhoon Haiyan
Authors: Kim Yong Won , Kim Seong Yeop , Kim Hoon , Ahn Moo Eob , Lee Kang Hyun , Hong Eun Seok 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundAfter Super Typhoon Haiyan, a category 5 tropical cyclone, insufficient resources were available for medical management. Many patients in the Philippines were wounded as a result of the disaster. We examined the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of disaster-related wounds and wound infection in the post-disaster period.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients admitted to a Korean Disaster Relief Team clinic at St. Paul’s Hospital, Tacloban City, Republic of Philippines, between December 9 and 13, 2013. Traumatic injury patients were included; patients not exhibiting a wound were excluded.ResultsOf the 160 patients enrolled in the study, 71 (44.4%) had infected wounds. There were no significant differences in the age, sex, past medical history, wound site, wound depth, injury mechanism, or inducer of injury between the uninfected and infected groups. In the univariate analysis, a foreign-body-contaminated wound, a chronic wound, elapsed time from injury to medical contact, an inadequately cared for wound, and need for subsequent wound management were associated with wound infection (P<0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that foreign body contamination and having an inadequately cared for wound were associated with wound infection (odds ratio [OR]: 10.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.59-28.56; OR: 3.51, 95% CI: 1.07-11.51, respectively).ConclusionIn the post-disaster situation, many wound infections required definitive care. Wound infection was associated with inadequately cared for wounds and foreign-body-contaminated wounds. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:28–33)
Innovative Analysis of the Sequenced Patterns of Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococciStrains to Determine Clonal Transmission in a Hospital Setting
Authors: Chemaly Roy F. , Ghantoji Shashank S. , Huber Thomas , Raad Issam I. , Jinadatha Chetan , Stibich Mark 
Published: September 2015

Isolates from patients who acquired vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were examined for the frequency of genetically indistinguishable strains on leukemia and stem cell transplant units at a major cancer center for 1 year. A total of 14 strains recurred, primarily on the same floor and in the same service unit an average of 49 days apart.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2015;36(12):1461–1463