bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local co‐production in safety service provision: The case of Surf Life Saving in New South Wales
Authors: Hogan Owen , Dollery Brian , Kortt Michael A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBeaches are iconic in Australian culture. However, coastal areas are intrinsically hazardous, given the nature of recreational beach activities. The need for beach regulation and safety services has spawned a vast network of voluntary life‐saving clubs across Australia that operate collaboratively with local government and volunteers. In this paper, we examine the operation of Surf Life Saving New South Wales (SLSNSW) through the analytical lens of local co‐production. We argue that the effectiveness of SLSNSW can be mainly ascribed to the efficacious manner in which SLSNSW, local councils and volunteers have been combined to generate beach safety services.
What can we learn from disability policy to advance our understanding of how to operationalise intersectionality in Australian policy frameworks?
Authors: Bates Shona , Kayess Rosemary , Katz Ilan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntersectional theory recognises inequity is rarely the result of one social identity; social identities, and their interaction with context and power relations, offer some protective factors, while marginalises others. Taking an intersectional approach to social policy has the potential to provide deeper insights in terms of identifying and responding to needs, and understanding the impact of policies and specific interventions for diverse people. While Australian social policies, such as national strategies, are beginning to recognise inequity is likely to be higher for some social identities than others, a recent review of Australian policy and how it responds to people with disability suggests policies do not yet appear to take an intersectional approach. Drawing on this review, we discuss the challenges in operationalising intersectionality, explore how they may be overcome, and identify considerations for scholars and future research opportunities to advance our understanding of how to operationalise intersectionality in social policy in Australia. We suggest intersectionality requires a broader cultural shift across society and professions to recognise people have multiple identities, statuses, and life circumstances, and the way they interact with the context and power relations affects how they experience life.Points for practitioners
Intersectionality recognises the interaction between social identities, context, and power relations.
The research note aims to advance our understanding of how to operationalise intersectionality in Australian social policy.
This note builds on a review of Australian policy frameworks and whether they take an intersectional approach to addressing disability.
The research note identifies considerations for researchers and research opportunities.
A broader cultural shift across society is required to recognise how different factors affect how people experience life.
The role of financial development, natural resources, and technology in determining green energy: New findings from the N‐11 countries
Authors: Tao Yi , Wang Weixin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing global emphasis on transitioning to renewable energy sources to mitigate the effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. The role of financial development, natural resources, and technology in determining the advancement of green energy has been a subject of ongoing research. This study examines the impact of financial development, natural resources, and technology on green energy development in N‐11 countries between 1990 and 2022, using economic growth and education as control variables. The empirical estimations are based on cross‐section dependence, testing for slope heterogeneity, second‐generation panel unit root tests, LM‐Bootstrap cointegration tests, fully modified ordinary least squares, and dynamic ordinary least squares. A 1% increase in natural resources is associated with a 0.0615% increase in the adoption of green energy. A 1% increase in education leads to a statistically significant increase of 1.0734% in the adoption of green energy financial development enables the deployment of renewable energy sources and access to financial resources. Natural resources determine the types of renewable energy technologies that are prioritized. Technological advancements drive the growth of renewable energy technologies and facilitate their integration into the energy mix. By analyzing the findings of recent studies on the N‐11 countries, we can gain valuable insights into the importance of these factors in advancing green energy and achieving sustainable energy development.
Temperature and pH‐dependent stability of fentanyl analogs: Degradation pathways and potential biomarkers
Authors: Schackmuth Madison , Kerrigan Sarah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe collection, storage, and transport of samples prior to and during analysis is of utmost importance, especially for highly potent analogs that may not be present in high concentrations and are susceptible to pH or thermally mediated degradation. An accelerated stability study was performed on 17 fentanyl analogs (fentalogs) over a wide range of pH (2–10) and temperature (20–60°C) conditions over 24 h. Dilute aqueous systems were used to investigate temperature and pH‐dependent kinetics using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry (LC‐Q/TOF–MS) was used for structural elucidation of degradants. With the exception of remifentanil, all fentalogs evaluated were stable at pH 6 or lower. Fentalogs were generally unstable in strongly alkaline environments and at elevated temperatures. Remifentanil was the least stable drug and N‐dealkylated fentalogs were the most stable. Fentanyl degraded to acetylfentanyl, norfentanyl, fentanyl N‐oxide, and 1‐phenethylpyridinium salt (1‐PEP). A total of 26 unique breakdown products were observed for 15 of the fentanyl derivatives studied. Common degradation pathways involved N‐dealkylation, oxidation of the piperidine nitrogen, and β‐elimination of N‐phenylpropanamide followed by oxidation/dehydration of the piperidine ring. Ester and amide hydrolysis, demethylation at the propanamide, and O‐demethylation were observed for selected fentalogs only. The potential for analyte loss should be considered during the pre‐analytical phase (i.e., shipping and transport) where environmental conditions may not be controlled, as well as during the analysis itself.
Cytochrome b5 reductase 3 overexpression and dietary nicotinamide riboside supplementation promote distinctive mitochondrial alterations in distal convoluted tubules of mouse kidneys during aging
Authors: Pérez‐Rodríguez M. , García‐Verdugo A. , Sánchez‐Mendoza L. M. , Muñoz‐Martín A. , Bolaños N. , Pérez‐Sánchez C. , Moreno J. A. , Burón M. I. , de Cabo R. , González‐Reyes J. A. , Villalba J. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe kidney undergoes structural and physiological changes with age, predominantly studied in glomeruli and proximal tubules. However, limited knowledge is available about the impact of aging and anti‐aging interventions on distal tubules. In this study, we investigated the effects of cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) overexpression and/or dietary nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation on distal tubule mitochondria. Initially, transcriptomic data were analyzed to evaluate key genes related with distal tubules, CYB5R3, and NAD+ metabolism, showing significant differences between males and females in adult and old mice. Subsequently, our emphasis focused on assessing how these interventions, that have demonstrated the anti‐aging potential, influenced structural parameters of distal tubule mitochondria, such as morphology and mass, as well as abundance, distance, and length of mitochondria‐endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, employing an electron microscopy approach. Our findings indicate that both interventions have differential effects depending on the age and sex of the mice. Aging resulted in an increase in mitochondrial size and a decrease in mitochondrial abundance in males, while a reduction in abundance, size, and mitochondrial mass was observed in old females when compared with their adult counterparts. Combining both the interventions, CYB5R3 overexpression and dietary NR supplementation mitigated age‐related changes; however, these effects were mainly accounted by NR in males and by transgenesis in females. In conclusion, the influence of CYB5R3 overexpression and dietary NR supplementation on distal tubule mitochondria depends on sex, genotype, and diet. This underscores the importance of incorporating these variables in subsequent studies to comprehensively address the multifaceted aspects of aging.
Family strategies: Labor migration, multigenerational households, and children's schooling in Nepal
Authors: Schafer Mark , Paudel Krishna P. , Upadhyaya Kamal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTemporary migration to international destinations has many implications for the family members left behind. This paper discusses family economic theoretical perspectives and the family strategies that are adopted in Chitwan, Nepal. The family strategies include single united, split‐single generation, multigenerational, and split‐multigenerational households that are linked to the presence or absence of fathers and grandfathers. We examined how family strategies impact school outcomes, that is, school investment and school progress. We obtained three critical findings about family migration and structure strategies and school investment. First, multigenerational family strategies mitigated the negative association between siblings on educational investments. Second, split‐household strategies mitigated the negative associations between age and private school and between remittance dependency and top school fees. Third, family strategies shaped how ethnicity and caste influence educational investments as split‐household, multigenerational (and both) mitigated negative connection between the least powerful castes and ethnicities and school investment. Our findings did not show significant associations between family strategies and children's educational progress in Chitwan. Families in rural Nepal are responding to macrostructural changes, and there is a need for more research to better understand shifting family migration and household structure strategies, in all their complexities, and their implications for children in rural Nepal or other rural locations with a high temporary migration rate.
Genre‐style features of modern war diaries: An analysis of Ukrainian military literature
Authors: Kulinska Yanina , Gerasimenko Nina , Koval Olena , Kvitsynska Viktoriia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe relevance of this study stems from the need to examine diary discourse in modern Ukrainian military literature, highlighted by increased interest in new diary varieties, functions, and genre syncretism. The purpose of the study is to analyze diaries created after the Russian invasion on February 24, 2022, focusing on their nature, features, genre parameters, and how they differ from diaries written during the initial aggression in 2014. During the processing of diary texts, historical–biographical, comparative‐historical, and complex elements of hermeneutical, structural methods, textual, correlation, and discourse analyses were most often used. In addition, the method of comparing subject–object planes, and dimensions, was used for functional genre refinement. The paper presents a systematic analysis of the modern military diary, highlights its structural modifications, defines static and acquired functions, and describes the status and importance of the latest literary process among other genres. The results of the study can be used for the preparation of basic and special lecture courses on the theory and history of Ukrainian and world literature.
Time trends in the clinical management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2: A Danish register‐based study
Authors: Eriksen Dina Overgaard , Randrup Tina Hovgaard , Lycke Kathrine Dyhr , Damgaard Rikke Kamp , Kahlert Johnny , Ostenfeld Eva Bjerre , Jensen Pernille Tine , Wentzensen Nicolas , Clarke Megan A. , Hammer Anne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionActive surveillance for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) has been implemented recently in many countries, including the Nordic countries. In Denmark, the only eligibility criterion for active surveillance for CIN2 is that the woman should be of reproductive age. With this study, we aimed to evaluate clinical and socioeconomic characteristics in women with CIN2 managed by active surveillance or large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) and to evaluate temporal changes in the clinical management of CIN2.Material and MethodsWe conducted a Danish nationwide study using data from healthcare registries. All female residents aged 18–40 years, diagnosed with incident CIN2 from January 1, 1998, to February 29, 2020, were included. We collected data on age, index cytology result, year of CIN2 diagnosis, region of residence, civil status, HPV vaccination status, and socioeconomic position indicators. The variables were tabulated overall and by management group (active surveillance vs. LLETZ). To evaluate time trends, we used joinpoint regression to calculate the annual percentage change (APC), including 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsOf the 27 536 women with CIN2 included, 12 500 (45.4%) underwent active surveillance, and 15 036 (54.6%) underwent a LLETZ. Women undergoing active surveillance were younger, more often HPV‐vaccinated, and more likely to have a normal/low‐grade index cytology result than women undergoing LLETZ. Socioeconomic position indicators did not differ. Over time, the proportion of women undergoing active surveillance increased from 21.7% in 2004 to 73.6% in 2019 (APC 9.7, 95% CI 8.1–11.4). The proportion of women undergoing active surveillance aged <30 declined over time (APC −2.2, 95% CI −2.9 to −1.5). The proportion of women with normal/low‐grade index cytology increased slightly to 51.6% in 2019 (APC 0.8, 95% CI 0.4–1.3).ConclusionsThe use of active surveillance for CIN2 has increased over the past two decades in Denmark. Observed differences in characteristics between women undergoing active surveillance vs LLETZ are likely related to indications for clinical management.
Letter: Risks of proton pump inhibitor treatment in cirrhotic patients—Authors' reply
Authors: Yoon Jun Sik , Lee Jeong‐Hoon 
Published: July 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Yoon et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17909 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17954
Hybrid rangeland governance: Connecting policies with practices in pastoral China
Authors: Tsering Palden 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe issue of rangeland governance and tenure in pastoral China has sparked significant controversy and discussion. Several models have been suggested, encompassing private, state and common property systems. However, what does the practical implementation of rangeland governance entail? A review of the history of rangeland governance and policy in Amdo, Tibet tells how land governance is constructed by pastoralists adapting existing norms, formulating rules in various contexts, and negotiating with various groups such as the monastery, religious organisations, and governmental authorities. The governance of rangeland in Amdo, Tibet is characterised by constant negotiations and contestations, including resistance from below, and is shaped by various processes in the real‐world context. Through the notion of assemblage, which involves bringing together an array of agents and objectives to intervene in social processes to produce desired outcomes and avert undesired ones, this paper adds to the existing body of research on land governance by examining how institutions are formed in the case of a hydroelectric dam on the land of the pastoralists. Consequently, the question arises: What does this mean for policy and practice for the rangelands of China? If hybrid rangeland governance is to be considered the prevailing practice, then what implications would this have for the framing of policies and their implementation?
Connectome gradient dysfunction contributes to white matter hyperintensity‐related cognitive decline
Authors: Yang Dan , Tan Yi , Zhou ZhiXin , Ke Zhihong , Huang Lili , Mo Yuting , Tang Limoran , Mao ChengLu , Hu Zheqi , Cheng Yue , Shao Pengfei , Zhang Bing , Zhu Xiaolei , Xu Yun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is closely associated with cognitive decline, the precise neurobiological mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully elucidated. Connectome studies have identified a primary‐to‐transmodal gradient in functional brain networks that support the spectrum from sensation to cognition. However, whether connectome gradient structure is altered as WMH progresses and how this alteration is associated with WMH‐related cognitive decline remain unknown.MethodsA total of 758 WMH individuals completed cognitive assessment and resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI). The functional connectome gradient was reconstructed based on rs‐fMRI by using a gradient decomposition framework. Interrelations among the spatial distribution of WMH, functional gradient measures, and specific cognitive domains were explored.ResultsAs the WMH volume increased, the executive function (r = −0.135, p = 0.001) and information‐processing speed (r = −0.224, p = 0.001) became poorer, the gradient range (r = −0.099, p = 0.006), and variance (r = −0.121, p < 0.001) of the primary‐to‐transmodal gradient reduced. A narrower gradient range (r = 0.131, p = 0.001) and a smaller gradient variance (r = 0.136, p = 0.001) corresponded to a poorer executive function. In particular, the relationship between the frontal/occipital WMH and executive function was partly mediated by gradient range/variance of the primary‐to‐transmodal gradient.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that WMH volume, the primary‐to‐transmodal gradient, and cognition were interrelated. The detrimental effect of the frontal/occipital WMH on executive function was partly mediated by the decreased differentiation of the connectivity pattern between the primary and transmodal areas.
Accuracy of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology in evaluation of thyroid nodules using different ultrasonographic and cytological features
Authors: Al‐Yousofy Fayed , Hamood Mukhtar , Almatary Abdullah M. , Mothanna Abdullatif , Al‐Wageeh Saleh , Nasher Saeed T. , Alselwi Ammar , Hassan Huda , Al‐Yousofy Anwer , Ahmad Radwan H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a reliable method for preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules particularly if ultrasound‐guided (USG‐FNAC). The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of USG‐FNAC and its accuracy.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 212 thyroidectomy cases with preoperative ultrasonography and FNAC data during the period 2015–2022 using TI‐RADS for final ultrasound diagnosis and Bethesda system for cytological diagnosis.ResultsThe studied cases were 200 females and 12 males. Thyroid cancer was more prevalent under 20 years old (78.5%). Papillary thyroid carcinoma comprises 84% of all cancer cases. Significant ultrasound features (p‐value <0.05) favour malignancy were hypoechogenicity (66%), mixed echogenicity (84%), irregular border (61%), microcalcification (68%) and rim halo (63.6%). Malignancy was found in 21% of TI‐RADS‐2, 65% of TI‐RADS‐4 and 100% of TI‐RADS‐5. There is a significant difference between different categories of Bethesda system. All cases in Cat‐VI were malignant (100%). Malignancy was also found in 81% of Cat‐V, 20% of Cat‐IV, 33% of Cat‐III, 16% of Cat‐II and 43% of Cat‐I. Cytological features consistent with malignancy were as follows: grooving (94%), nuclear irregularities (89%), nuclear pseudoinclusion (89%) and little colloid (82%). In our study, USG‐FNAC sensitivity was 83%, specificity 85%, PPV 85%, NPV 83% and accuracy 84%.ConclusionUltrasound features in favour of malignancy in thyroid nodules are hypoechoic or complex echogenicity, irregular border, punctuate calcification and presence of rim halo. Cytological features in favour of malignancy are grooving, nuclear irregularities, nuclear pseudoinclusion and little or absent colloid.
Children's living arrangements and labor market outcomes of divorced mothers in Wisconsin
Authors: Chanda Trisha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis paper examines the way divorced mothers' long‐run employment, long‐run earnings, and subjective experiences of work–family conflict differ by children's postdivorce living arrangements.BackgroundChildren's living arrangements are an important—and somewhat overlooked—determinant of mothers' postdivorce economic outcomes. Parenting commitments and resource availability tied to the amount of time children spend in residence can impact mothers' experiences of work–family conflict and consequent employment.MethodThe paper uses linked administrative and survey data for divorced parents in Wisconsin. It applies a mixed‐methods approach, first using multivariate regression models to control for baseline characteristics in exploring mothers' labor market outcomes and experiences of work–family conflict, and subsequently performing content analysis on open‐ended survey responses to enhance the findings from the quantitative analysis.ResultsMothers with shared physical custody are 5% more likely to report being employed in the long run, experience 6% less work–family conflict, and show larger increases in long‐term earnings than mothers who have sole physical custody of their children. However, the higher long‐term earnings of shared placement mothers cannot be attributed to lower work–family conflict.ConclusionShared placement mothers enjoy a labor market advantage in the long term after divorce, but more research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this relationship.ImplicationsPublic policy encouraging shared placement can be beneficial for divorced mothers' economic outcomes.