Abstract 4787: Targeting miR-21 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zabludoff Sonya , Wagenaar Timothy , Adrian Francisco , Allerson Charles , Arlt Heike , Baffa Raffaele , Bhat Bal , Cao Hui , Davis Scott , Garcia-Echeverria Carlos , Heermeier Kathrin , Huang Shih-Min , Jiang Lan , Marcusson Eric , Metz-Weidmann Christiane , Pavlicek Adam , Pollard Jack , Rocnik Jennifer , Scheidler Sabine , Shi Chaomei , Sun Fangxian , Tolstykh Tatiana , Yu Qunyan , Zheng Gang , Wiederschain Dmitri 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant unmet medical need with few therapeutic options available. Micro RNA 21 (miR-21) has been shown to be upregulated in HCC, however, contribution of this onco-miR to the maintenance of tumorigenic phenotype in liver cancer remains poorly understood. We have developed potent and specific single-stranded oligonucleotide inhibitors of miR-21 (anti-miR-21) and used them to interrogate dependency on miR-21 in a panel of 20 commercially available HCC cell lines in vitro. Upon lipid-mediated transfection, anti-miR-21, but not its mismatched (MM) control, caused significant de-repression of known direct targets of miR-21 (ANKRD46, DDAH1, RECK1) and inhibited survival of a large subset of HCC cell lines. Treatment of these sensitive HCC cell lines with anti-miR-21 resulted in dose- and time-dependent induction of caspase 3/7 activity. In contrast, non-responder HCC cell lines failed to significantly upregulate caspase activity and maintained viability in the presence of anti-miR compound. Further analysis of responder cell lines revealed robust induction of cell death, inhibition of cell migration and suppression of clonogenic growth upon treatment with miR-21 inhibitor. To better understand the consequences of miR-21 suppression in HCC, we carried out global gene expression profiling of anti-miR-21 treated sensitive liver cancer cells. Striking enrichment in miR-21 targets was noted among upregulated transcripts. Gene ontology analysis identified key cellular processes affected by miR-21 inhibition, including deregulation of metabolic pathways. In addition to the induction of direct miR-21 targets, cyclin H was found to be significantly downregulated upon miR-21 inhibition in the majority of responder cell lines. We hypothesize that inhibition of cyclin H expression, while an indirect effect of miR-21 suppression, could contribute to the activity of anti-miR-21 compounds. In summary, our data suggest that inhibition of miR-21 merits further investigation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Citation Format: Sonya Zabludoff, Timothy Wagenaar, Francisco Adrian, Charles Allerson, Heike Arlt, Raffaele Baffa, Bal Bhat, Hui Cao, Scott Davis, Carlos Garcia-Echeverria, Kathrin Heermeier, Shih-Min Huang, Lan Jiang, Eric Marcusson, Christiane Metz-Weidmann, Adam Pavlicek, Jack Pollard, Jennifer Rocnik, Sabine Scheidler, Chaomei Shi, Fangxian Sun, Tatiana Tolstykh, Qunyan Yu, Gang Zheng, Dmitri Wiederschain. Targeting miR-21 in hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4787. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4787