bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Issues Related to Numerous Construction Techniques Practices In the Southern-Western Part of Rural Rajasthan
Authors: Rathore Mansingh , Ramana P.V. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The paper highlights the negative impacts of thoughtless development on the environment, particularly in the context of building construction. It emphasizes the importance of increasing awareness about sustainable development as a solution to mitigate these effects. Building construction significantly contributes to climate change due to its high energy consumption and waste generation. Proper design and planning and appropriate technology are key factors in achieving sustainable development in the construction sector. Traditional buildings have historically demonstrated resilience against natural hazards and environmental impacts. The knowledge and techniques used in constructing these structures have evolved over centuries to meet local areas’ specific needs and conditions. However, in the present era, the development of new techniques and the widespread availability of building materials have overcome the geographical limitations faced in the past. Modern building materials such as cement, steel, and bricks have gained popularity and are now readily available even in remote areas. Non-engineered constructions of modern houses may need to be better-suited to withstand specific environmental challenges, such as earthquakes. Safety considerations are paramount, and it is crucial to ensure that buildings are constructed to withstand potential hazards. Moreover, current construction practices often come with high costs, making them neither safe nor economical. This highlights the need to explore alternative approaches prioritizing safety and affordability. Sustainable construction practices, such as energy-efficient designs, the use of renewable materials, and waste reduction strategies, can contribute to addressing these concerns. By incorporating proper design, planning, and appropriate technology, while also considering local conditions and hazards, it is possible to achieve resilient and cost-effective construction practices. Increased awareness and adoption of sustainable approaches are key to promoting a more environmentally conscious and economically viable construction industry.
Impact behaviour of laminated composite stiffened clamped conoidal shell roof by finite element
Authors: Irshad A , Neogi S D , Chakravorty D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Laminated composite has been discovered and adopted as a result of the hunt towards smarter materials. It has excellent stiffness to weight ratio and has gained mass popularity. However, due to the existence of two or more materials in a single domain, mathematical modelling of composite materials is a complex process. Despite having a wide range of benefits, laminated composites are susceptible to damage from impacts due its low transverse shear capacity. These impacts can cause tearing up of fibres which remains suppressed inside the lamina and can cause complete collapse. Furthermore, depending on the velocity of impact, significant deformation is caused in the shells. Stiffeners, hence become unavoidable in these cases. Application of proper contact law is essential for impact analysis. Classical contact law as proposed by Hertz is applicable for isotropic materials proved to be insufficient in case of laminated composite materials. Power impact law as proposed by Tan and Chen has been implemented and successfully applied by various researchers. The present study is an attempt to optimize the most favourable position of stiffener on a conoidal shell with complex clamped boundary conditions. Conclusions of engineering significance with respect to impact load, deformation, stress and strain generated are drawn at the end of this comparative parametric study.
Mechanical and Microstructural Analysis of Cement Mortar Mixes Using PET Plastic Waste
Authors: Rathore Rituraj Singh , Prakash Divya , Chouhan Harshwardhan Singh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the Modern era, construction activities continuously increase as a result of urbanization and hence have a huge demand for natural materials to fulfil the needs. Due to this, the extraction of beds at a large scale is required to excavate the natural aggregate and thus it disturbs our precious environment. Parallel to this, there are a lot of waste materials like PET plastic waste available in the surrounding which has the potential to substitute the fine and coarse aggregate by forming a durable structure. Sustainable disposal of industrial waste is not an easy task as it contaminates the natural sources of water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and also depletes the land area by dumping over it. The present work draws an overview to remove the mentioned issue by effective utilization of PET plastic waste by performing physical, chemical, mechanical, and microstructure analysis in cement mortar mixes. A total ten cement mortar mixes of Rich mix mortar (1:3) and Lean mix mortar (1:6) proportions (each of five) were prepared by substituting PET plastic waste [sizes 1mm (68%), 2mm (22%), 3mm (6%) and 4mm (4%)] over fine aggregate at a replacement level from 0% to 20% at an interval of 5% to evaluate the various important properties like specific gravity, bulk density (loose), fineness modulus, compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity parameters etc. A positive outcome is obtained at a 5% replacement level due to dense homogeneous mortar mix and improved workability. It also enhances strength parameters through which the rheological characters of mortar mixes are sustained. Internal structural analysis is performed by microstructure tests like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) methods on raw material. Utilization of PET as a partial replacement for conventional river sand may have an opportunity to preserve over natural resources with alternative building materials. The finding represents that all PET-based mortar mixes may be incorporated in plaster work of structural walls, column, etc.
Experimental study of Compressive Strength of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Egg Shell Powder and Fine Aggregate with Copper Slag
Authors: Naxine D.R. , Ghodmare Sujesh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Egg Shell Powder (ESP) is a waste generated from houses and hotels, impacting the environment. This study aims to reuse ESP and Copper Slag in concrete, partially replacing cement and fine aggregate to minimize their use, reduce pollution and ease the burden on natural resources. M20 and M25 grade concrete mixes were prepared with 5% & 7.5% ESP replacement for cement and 40% and 60% Copper Slag replacement for fine aggregate. It is concluded that there was an increase in the compressive strength of concrete with 5% ESP and 40% Copper slag, 5% ESP and 60% Copper slag, and 7.5% ESP and 40% Copper slag when compared to conventional concrete. However, the compressive strength decreased with 7.5% ESP and 60% Copper slag.
Utilisation of pozzolanic material in skim-coat product for reduction of carbon footprint
Authors: Kumari Kareena , Gupta Arvind , Dwivedi Poonam , Gupta Harden Dev , Mishra Dinesh Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Skim coat wall putty is the most broadly used and important product in the coating and construction industry which is a combination of white cement, inorganic minerals fillers and organic additives like Re-dispersible Polymer (RDP), Methyl Cellulose (MC) etc. This novel study investigates a sustainable way to use Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) in skim-coat wall putty products. Industrial waste in cement and cement-based products reduces CO2 emissions. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace (GGBS), a steel industry waste, is highly reactive and forms all desired cementitious phases after hydration. This study discusses the benefits of using GGBS in skim-coat wall putty products and comparable major properties like pot life, workability, tensile adhesion strength, compressive strength, water capillary absorption test, finishing, surface smoothness, etc. This technical paper focuses on the feasibility of addition of GGBS as a partial replacement of cement. Four sets of wall putty including a control sample with 2%, 4% and 6% GGBS addition were prepared. This study has revealed that the Set-3 containing 4% GGBS has shown all desired skim-coat physical-mechanical properties. In 1 ton wall putty production, there can be saving of approx. 23kg CO2 which takes this study on the roadmap of sustainability and environment conservation. GGBS is complete industrial waste which is being utilized in the product hence the issue of disposing of waste is eliminated.
Strength and permeability of concrete containing dimensional stone slurry and crushed sand
Authors: Gehlot Akash , Danish Mohd , Kalla Pawan , Bairwa Suresh Chand 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cement and River sand are major ingredients used in the concrete industry. During the production of cement, large energy, as well as raw material consumption and CO2 emission, is a very big concern. River sand, extracted from riverbeds and required in vast quantities, is utilized as fine aggregate in concrete. River sand is a natural material and most rivers are over-exploited to fulfil the fine aggregate requirement, creating environmental problems. Also due to the scarcity of river sand, its transportation cost is high, affecting the construction project’s overall cost. Many states have put restrictions on the excavation of sand from river beds due to environmental concerns.
The present study involves dimensional stone slurry (DSS) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM), and local crushed sand as a fine aggregate. Slurry is produced during the cutting and finishing process of dimensional stone. This waste creates many problems such as respiratory diseases for the nearby residents, workers on mine, and other nearby habitats. Mining and processing stones waste which is not useful in its condition so it can be used for the construction sector by crushing it in small particles of fine aggregate called crushed stone sand. The experimental programme included generating concrete mixes with a water/binder ratio of 0.40 employing DSS as SCM at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight of cement, with Crushed Sand confirming to zone 2 as fine aggregate. Concrete properties were assessed in both its fresh and hardened states. strength and durability attributes of hardened concrete were assessed. Compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength tests were carried out. The mechanical strength of concrete was increased by 5% when DSS was used. For durability assessment of concrete several tests such as abrasion resistance, DIN permeability, water absorption, and ultrasonic pulse velocity were conducted on concrete. Results of DSS up to 10% added in concrete was better in durability when compared with control concrete. Thus, the present Study suggests the utilization of DSS (5-10%) with crushed Sand, not only improves concrete quality but also provides cost-effective material and helps in sustainable development.
Strength Evaluation on Stabilized Sub Grade of MMGSY Road
Authors: Patel Nandan , Priyan Khadeeja , Solanki V.P. , Bhatt Pratiti 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Village and Other districts’ roads play an important role to establish a link between the private and the commercial sector and it is beneficial for the financial growth of a nation. Govt. intended to upgrade and new construct the Village Road (VR) & Other District Road (ODR) road through Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) & Mukhya Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (MMGSY) since 2000 therefore Structural Analysis is essential for upgrading the existing pavement performance. Conventional practice is based on the lab. outcomes but due to seasonal various required field evolution for getting correct periodic data for up gradation as well as construction of non plan road. Various techniques are available for structural evaluation of pavement. DCP (Dynamic Cone Penetration) test is a well-known practice to evaluate the strength of subsoil on the field. The DCP test is the simplest apparatus designed by Transportation Research laboratory (TRL), UK for on-field strength assessment. Presence research carries out a laboratory and field investigation on the subgrade of MMGSY road of central Gujarat, India, and also focuses on the enhancement of strength of subgrade utilization of nano materials. The relationship of DCP penetration in mm/blow with Field The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) & CBR with resilient modulus of sub grade soil (Mrs) was also established at MMGSY road for structure performance evaluation of the pavement.
Identification & Analysis of Black Spots on National Highways – A Current Scenario
Authors: Chaudhari Radhika , Khode Bhalchandra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The development of the nation’s states is said to be mostly facilitated by national highways and expressways. Because of the enormous cost associated with them, road traffic accidents have been identified as one of the unfavourable factors that contribute to the stifling of economic progress in developing countries. This raises social and economic concerns. The number of automobiles on the road increases in parallel with global population growth. Accident rates go up in direct correlation to the increase in the number of vehicles on the road. Therefore, there must be a decrease in accidents to demonstrate the safety of roadways. Subjective factors and objective aspects can be used to categorize accident causes. While objective factors include things like road conditions, road geometry, and other engineering-related elements, subjective issues mostly refer to the psychological issues of drivers and pedestrians on roads. The study of unintentional black spots focuses on the study of road safety because the two are interwoven, and if road safety is addressed, the likelihood of accidents is lowered. Therefore, it is essential to identify “black spots” and make modifications to the specific places in terms of road geometry. The primary objective of this study is to deliver a strategy along with complete investigations for the evaluation of black spots and their remediation. Thus, it is needed to take into account all of these design and safety-related considerations when engineering Indian National Highways. These factors were taken into account in a comprehensive study that presented the reality of accidents happening on various Indian roadways, along with their causes and solutions.
Estimation of Equivalency Units of Vehicles on Urban Roads for Heterogenous Traffic
Authors: Singh T , Shukla S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, with rapidly growing economies and populations along with urbanization in the cities, there is an increasing trend in the expansion in the outskirts of the cities resulting in increasing mobilization from city to outskirts and vice versa. Eventually, the demand for road-based movements toward CBD has also increased significantly. As a result, the city’s outer rings have been facing an overburden. The vehicle composition in the city is quite different from the highways because, over the past few years, battery-run e-rickshaws have become very popular in urban transportation. The physical and dynamic characteristics of e-rickshaws are quite different from the other vehicles, however such changes in vehicle composition and dynamic characteristics of the traffic stream led to a change in traffic characteristics. The current paper aims to (a) estimate the passenger car unit (PCU) of various vehicles using different methods, (b) highlight distinctive characteristics concerning the context of PCU values in urban settings, and (c) Model selection for the estimation of the capacity of road sections based on the parametric evaluation. The Field study focused on different vehicle compositions (significantly slower vehicles, e-rickshaws), and considered urban arterials connecting to suburban arterials. Field data have been collected on mid-block sections of urban roads through the videotaping technique for the necessary analysis of PCU, macroscopic flow parameters, and level of service. The data set displayed a wide range of variations in the share of e-rickshaws and two-wheelers. Empirical investigations indicated that, as anticipated, the PCU values of e-rickshaws vary depending on various parameters, such as lane width, traffic proportions, and number of lanes. While the PCU values of all the other vehicles were in the range recommended in Indo-HCM 2017. Further, the effect of different parameters on the PCU values of the vehicle was also investigated and analysed.
Traffic Safety Improvisation – An Indian Scenario
Authors: Mogarkar Omkar , Ghodmare Sujesh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Transportation on roads provides the flow of commodities and individuals. It also helps in increasing the availability of employment, financial sectors, education, and medical care, all of which have resulted in positive impacts impact upon the wellness of individuals. Nevertheless, the growth in mobility has a significant impact on the health of individuals due to road traffic injuries. In Indian Society, road safety is a much-disputed subject. Due to unavailable data on road safety, the action that is taken against the problems is at times, it is mostly dependent on one’s opinion, while at other times it is policy-driven. Solutions for road traffic deaths and injuries (RTIs) must be multifrontal and multi-spiked in implementation. Generally, in our country, people’s perspectives are very centered on being close to a road-kill person. Traffic participant education plays a vital part in reducing road traffic deaths and injuries. Among people of all ages, Traffic mishaps are the eighth leading factor of unintentional loss of life globally. Thus, there is a need to make a system that helps make road transportation economically and socially more sustainable and decreases the figure of losses in street accidents. In this paper, we will try to review the underlying issues, the changing face of the transport environment, how these changes affect India, operating risk factors, major systematic challenges facing road safety devices, and usual techniques that add to the loss of life and frailty. This review paper will also highlight some actions that need to be employed to reduce the number of accidental deaths.
Effect of urea on the geotechnical properties of soil
Authors: Muhammad Sheikh Abbas , Jethoo Ajay Singh , Shukla Deepak , Dhoot Vartika , Kumar Ajay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Urea, a vital nitrogen source, is extensively employed as a fertilizer in the agriculturally rich Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India. This district, situated within the larger agricultural landscape of Rajasthan, serves as a key hub for crop cultivation, encompassing staples like wheat, rice, maize, and various vegetables. The accessibility of urea plays a pivotal role in sustaining crop productivity in this region.
However, the indiscriminate application of urea introduces challenges that warrant careful consideration. The overuse and mismanagement of urea in agricultural practices have the potential to trigger soil degradation and environmental contamination.
In response to these concerns, this research paper presents a comprehensive investigation into soil permeability. Soil samples were meticulously collected from the MNIT Jaipur campus, and a range of experiments were conducted to evaluate their permeability characteristics. These soil samples were purposefully tainted with varying concentrations of urea (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by dry weight), simulating real-world conditions prevalent in the Jaipur district. The study aims to shed light on the impact of urea contamination on soil permeability, providing valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices in the region.
An Overview of Liquefaction Mitigation Countermeasures
Authors: Thakur Ishwar Chandra , Roy Lal Bahadur 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The liquefaction problem and its consequences have been the major issues that have attracted the attention of the public as well as government bodies for a few decades. Bihar state belongs to the severe to extremely vulnerable seismic zones of India. Therefore, the consequential damages due to soil liquefaction are on a large scale. It is impractical and extremely difficult to prevent soil liquefaction if the susceptible zone extends to a greater depth. This paper reviewed the commonly used traditional and research trends of liquefaction mitigation countermeasures. Although traditional methods are widely used in engineering practice, the problems associated with pollution, cost, and disturbance to existing structures have become a great challenge. With continuous, progressive, and multidisciplinary research, new methods have been developed that solve all three concerns: social, economic, and environmental. The research trend is to develop methods based on the principles of passive site remediation, induced partial saturation, and microbial geotechnology.
Performance Evaluation Of Disconnected Piled Raft System Under Vertical And Lateral Loading
Authors: Arun Kumar K , Seethalakshmi P 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study analyses the performance of Disconnected Piled Raft (DPR) foundations on soft clay soil using PLAXIS-3D under varying lateral loading conditions. A 3*3 square patterned group of piles with a layer of 1 m thickness cushion overlain by a rigid raft foundation was simulated for conducting a parametric study by varying cushion material, lateral loading, and diameter of piles under constant vertical loading of 300 kN/m2. The cushion material selected was sand and geofoam, while the diameter of the piles varied from 0.5m to 1.5m by keeping the constant centre-to-centre spacing of 2.5m among piles. The lateral loading was assumed to act at the edge-middle pile as a point load varying from 30 to 330 kN to maintain symmetric loading conditions. The findings from this research investigation concerning individual DPR piles indicate that Geofoam has the potential to serve as a viable substitute in place of sand as cushion material for a pile diameter of less than 1m.
Parametric Study of Mechanically Stabilised Earth Wall using PLAXIS
Authors: Tomar Arshika , Lohar Jagdish , Shrivastava Neha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Mechanically stabilised earth (MSE) walls made of steel and geosynthetic reinforcing elements are now well-established technologies. MSE walls have been increasingly used in many civil engineering projects over the last 25 years as it offers economical and technical advantages over conventional retaining walls. However, the agencies using the MSE wall are now concerned about its failure. This study is intended to presents a parametric investigation on a validated finite element model of an MSE wall to evaluate the effect of geogrid length, strength, and soil friction angle on wall displacements. In PLAXIS 2D, a total of 120 permutations are modelled by varying geogrid length, strength, and soil friction angle, while wall geometry, boundary conditions, water table, and loading conditions kept constant for all cases. On the basis of the results of this parametric study, charts are constructed to demonstrate how the extreme displacement of the MSE wall is affected by various factors. The outcomes of this parametric analysis offer insights about the behaviour of an MSE wall and important reference information for comprehending the design procedure and specifications for any MSE wall.