bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrogating the integument: the role of the epidermis in hair induction
Authors: Higgins Claire A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHair follicle development is driven by interactions between the epithelium and underlying mesenchyme. These reciprocal interactions are essential for development, as a lack of response from either the mesenchyme or epithelium results in arrested growth. A large body of research has focused on the role of mesenchymal cells during hair follicle development and their inductive properties for hair neogenesis. In this commentary, the role of the epidermis during hair follicle induction will be discussed.
Relevant new insights into the effects of photoprotection in cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kreuter Alexander , Lehmann Percy 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) denotes a heterogeneous spectrum of autoimmune diseases that primarily affect the skin. Ultraviolet irradiation (UV) is one of the most important environmental factors that can trigger skin lesions in CLE or even induce systemic organ manifestation. It has been shown that broad‐spectrum sunscreen with high sun protection factors can effectively prevent UV‐induced skin lesions in patients with different subtypes of CLE. In a recent issue of Experimental Dermatology, Zahn and colleagues demonstrate that potent photoprotection blocks disease‐specific skin lesions in CLE patients by reducing lesional tissue damage and interferon‐driven inflammation.
Evidence and conjecture about mechanisms of cutaneous disease in photodermatology
Authors: Porter Rebecca M. , Anstey Alex 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPhotosensitivity disorders are caused by a variety of mechanisms. Three common themes are as follows: excess chromophore allowing visible light energy to cause photodynamic damage, reduced DNA repair capacity to UV‐induced DNA damage, and enhanced sensitivity to light‐induced allergens mediated immunologically. Although the cause of each condition may be known, the precise pathogenesis underlying the photosensitivity has taken longer to understand. By focussing on three clinical disorders under each of these themes, we have explored the following: why erythropoietic protoporphyria differs so markedly from the other cutaneous porphyrias; how a DNA repair defect was eventually revealed to be the underlying cause of the vitamin B3 deficiency disorder of pellagra; an immunological explanation for the over reactivity to photoallergens in chronic actinic dermatitis.
Aberrant sumoylation signaling evoked by reactive oxygen species impairs protective function of Prdx6 by destabilization and repression of its transcription
Authors: Chhunchha Bhavana , Fatma Nigar , Kubo Eri , Singh Dhirendra P. 
Published: June 2014

Loss of the cytoprotective protein peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) in cells that are aging or under oxidative stress is known to be linked to the pathobiology of many age‐related diseases. However, the mechanism by which Prdx6 activity goes awry is largely unknown. Using Prdx6‐deficient (Prdx6−/−) cells as a model for aging or redox active cells, human/mouse lens epithelial cells (LECs) facing oxidative stress and aging lenses, we found a significant increase in the levels of small ubiquitin‐like modifier (Sumo)1 conjugates. These cells displayed increased levels of Sumo1 and reduced the expression of Prdx6. Specifically, we observed that Prdx6 is a target for aberrant sumoylation signaling, and that Sumo1 modification reduces its cellular abundance. LECs overexpressing Sumo1 showed reduced expression and activity of Prdx6 and its transactivator specificity protein 1 (Sp1), mRNA and protein with increased levels of reactive oxygen species; those cells were vulnerable to oxidative stress‐induced cell death. A significant reduction in Prdx6, Sp1 protein and mRNA expression was observed in redox active Prdx6−/− cells and in aging lenses/LECs. The reduction was correlated with increased expression of Sumo1 and enrichment of the inactive form (dimeric) of Sumo‐specific protease (Senp)1. Experiments with Sumo1‐fused Prdx6 and Prdx6 promoter‐linked to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene constructs indicated that Sumo1 dysregulated Prdx6 activity by reducing its abundance and attenuating its transcription; in contrast, the delivery of Senp1 or Prdx6 reversed the process. The data show that reactive oxygen species‐evoked aberrant sumoylation signaling affects Prdx6 activity by reducing Prdx6 abundance, as well as transcription. The findings of the present study may provide a foundation for a strategy to repair deleterious oxidative signaling generated by a reduced activity of Prdx6.
Influence of severe shot peening on wear behaviour of an aluminium alloy
Authors: Palacios M. , Bagherifard S. , Guagliano M. , Fernández Pariente I. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTRecent developments in shot peening demonstrate that it can be applied using unconventional parameters in order to obtain nanocrystals on a thin surface layer of the treated material. These microstructural modifications have shown to be able to induce superior fatigue and corrosion properties, but still few data are available about their effect on wear behaviour of the materials.In this study, four series of Al 6063 alloy specimens, as‐received, conventionally shot peened, severely shot peened and severely shot peened followed by a slight mechanical grinding are subjected to block on ring wear tests with lubrication, according to ASTM G77 standard. The results evidence the significant role played by the applied shot peening treatments on wear behaviour of the 6063 aluminium alloy with respect to the as‐received not peened material. The important effect of the surface roughness is also highlighted. The data are discussed on the basis of roughness, surface layer microstructure, microhardness trends and the wear marks observed by means of scanning electron microscopy.
Terrestrial gross primary production inferred from satellite fluorescence and vegetation models
Authors: Parazoo Nicholas C. , Bowman Kevin , Fisher Joshua B. , Frankenberg Christian , Jones Dylan B. A. , Cescatti Alessandro , Pérez‐Priego Óscar , Wohlfahrt Georg , Montagnani Leonardo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDetermining the spatial and temporal distribution of terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) is a critical step in closing the Earth's carbon budget. Dynamical global vegetation models (DGVMs) provide mechanistic insight into GPP variability but diverge in predicting the response to climate in poorly investigated regions. Recent advances in the remote sensing of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) opens up a new possibility to provide direct global observational constraints for GPP. Here, we apply an optimal estimation approach to infer the global distribution of GPP from an ensemble of eight DGVMs constrained by global measurements of SIF from the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). These estimates are compared to flux tower data in N. America, Europe, and tropical S. America, with careful consideration of scale differences between models, GOSAT, and flux towers. Assimilation of GOSAT SIF with DGVMs causes a redistribution of global productivity from northern latitudes to the tropics of 7–8 Pg C yr−1 from 2010 to 2012, with reduced GPP in northern forests (~3.6 Pg C yr−1) and enhanced GPP in tropical forests (~3.7 Pg C yr−1). This leads to improvements in the structure of the seasonal cycle, including earlier dry season GPP loss and enhanced peak‐to‐trough GPP in tropical forests within the Amazon Basin and reduced growing season length in northern croplands and deciduous forests. Uncertainty in predicted GPP (estimated from the spread of DGVMs) is reduced by 40–70% during peak productivity suggesting the assimilation of GOSAT SIF with models is well‐suited for benchmarking. We conclude that satellite fluorescence augurs a new opportunity to quantify the GPP response to climate drivers and the potential to constrain predictions of carbon cycle evolution.
The Costs of Power Interruptions in Germany: A Regional and Sectoral Analysis
Authors: Growitsch Christian , Malischek Raimund , Nick Sebastian , Wetzel Heike 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A high standard of security of electricity supply comes at serious electricity system costs. However, these system costs have to be balanced with the economic costs induced by an insecure supply of electricity. Following a macroeconomic approach, we analyze the economic costs imposed by potential power interruptions in Germany. Using an extensive dataset on industries and households, we estimate both Values of Lost Load and the associated hourly costs of power interruptions for different German regions and sectors. We find that interruption costs vary significantly over time, between sectors and regions. Peaking at midday on a Monday in December at 750 Mio € per hour, the average total national outage costs amount to approximately 430 Mio € per hour. A missing gigawatt hour creates average outage costs of about 7.6 Mio €.
Notch1 is an important mediator for enhancing of B‐cell activation and antibody secretion by Notch ligand
Authors: Kang Jung‐Ah , Kim Woo‐Seok , Park Sung‐Gyoo 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe roles of Notch1 and Notch2 in T‐cell function have been well studied, but the functional roles of Notch in B cells have not been extensively investigated, except for Notch2 involvement in peripheral marginal zone B‐cell differentiation. This study examined the roles of Notch1 in murine primary B cells. During B‐cell activation by B‐cell receptor ligation, Notch1 was up‐regulated while Notch2 was not. In addition, Notch1 up‐regulation itself did not contribute to the further activation of B cells, but the Notch ligand was important for Notch1‐mediated further B‐cell activation. Moreover, Notch1 deficiency significantly decreased B‐cell activation and antibody secretion under the presence of Notch ligand. These data suggest that Notch1 is an important mediator for enhancing B‐cell activation and antibody secretion by Notch ligand.
New Climate‐Proof Cropping Systems in Dry Areas of the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Jacobsen S.‐E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA climate‐proof cropping system is a system which is able to mitigate the effects of climate change, which often are unpredictable and extreme. The special issue is related to the subject of improving cropping systems in the Mediterranean region, which is one of the regions in the world facing most severe consequences of climate changes, under influence of multiple abiotic stresses. These stresses are becoming even more pronounced under changing climate, resulting in drier conditions, increasing temperatures and greater variability, causing desertification. This topic has been addressed in the EU FP7 project entitled ‘Sustainable water use securing food production in dry areas of the Mediterranean region (SWUP‐MED)’ working on climate‐proof cropping systems in Morocco, Syria, Turkey and southern Europe, collaborating with UK, Denmark and Australia. The results are valid for other parts of the world, where Mediterranean climate is found, such as Western Australia and Western Chile, and in many dry areas of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.
Preparation and Dielectric Characterization of Lead‐Free Niobate Glass‐Ceramic Composites Added with Lu2O3
Authors: Tian Yuming , Zhou Yi , Du Jun 
Published: June 2014

Lead‐free niobate glass‐ceramic composites added with Lu2O3 were synthesized through melt‐quenching followed by controlled crystallization techniques. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed that a minor phase determined as LuNbO4 was formed as the Lu2O3 addition exceeded 1 mol% in the basic glass‐ceramic. The formation of LuNbO4 was due to the saturation of Lu3+ doping in the major crystalline phases. Analyses of the dielectric properties and breakdown strength (BDS) indicated that they were closely related to the formation of this new minor phase. Although the dielectric constant was not increased continuously, the dielectric loss tangent was well controlled below 0.017, and the BDS increased from 40.2 to 47.2 kV/mm for the glass‐ceramic composites with increasing Lu2O3 addition. This study provided the Lu2O3 added lead‐free niobate glass‐ceramic as an attractive candidate for making high‐energy density capacitors.
Prolactin induces the production of Th17 and Th1 cytokines/chemokines in murine Imiquimod‐induced psoriasiform skin
Authors: Hau C.S. , Kanda N. , Tada Y. , Shibata S. , Sato S. , Watanabe S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundProlactin (PRL) is a pituitary‐derived neuropeptide hormone that has been suggested to promote the development of psoriasis, a Th17/Th1‐mediated inflammatory dermatosis. PRL increases the expression of Th1 cytokines; however, its effects on Th17 responses are unknown.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the in vivo effects of PRL on the expression of Th17 cytokines/chemokines in imiquimod‐induced psoriasiform skin inflammation in mice.MethodsBALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with PRL or phosphate‐buffered saline, and imiquimod cream or Vaseline was applied to the shaved back skin for six consecutive days.ResultsIntraperitoneal PRL increased the mRNA levels of IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐22, IL‐23p19, IL‐12p40, CCL20 and STAT3 in imiquimod‐treated skin. Mice treated with imiquimod plus PRL, but not those treated with imiquimod plus phosphate‐buffered saline, showed significantly increased mRNA levels of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐12p35 and CXCL2 compared with controls. Intraperitoneal PRL increased the numbers of CD3+ and GR‐1+ cells in the dermis of imiquimod‐treated skin.ConclusionsThese results suggest that intraperitoneal PRL enhances the expression of Th17 and Th1 cytokines/chemokines, and augments inflammation in imiquimod‐induced psoriasiform skin. Prolactin may thus exacerbate psoriasis through the enhancement of Th17/Th1 responses.
Lessons from 28 cases of reconstruction by lenticular island pedicle flap at a single institution
Authors: Hata H. , Aoyagi S. , Homma E. , Shimizu H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundLenticular island pedicle flap (LIPF) has been reported to be one of the most useful techniques for reconstructing middle cheek skin defects. LIPF may have been used all over the world on a daily basis; however, no reports have examined a large number of LIPF cases at a single institution.Materials and methodsA total of 28 cases of reconstruction by LIPF at the Hokkaido University Hospital from 2005 to 2013 were analysed. We examined the tumour type, location, area of defect and presence/absence of antithrombotic treatment and complications, including transient circulatory impairment, damage to facial nerves and eyelid ectropion.ResultsWe found that nine patients had transiently impaired circulation. This complication was statistically more frequent in the patients without antithrombotic treatment than in the patients with antithrombotic treatment (0/8 vs. 10/20, P = 0.0292; Fisher's exact test).ConclusionWe revelled that LIPF have been safely performed even under antithrombotic treatment, so, when patients are taking antithrombotic agents, we should choose LIPF rather than conventional flap including cheek flap, island pedicle flap and so on.
Mucosal leishmaniasis of the lip: an emerging clinical form in Tunisia
Authors: Hammami‐Ghorbel H. , Ben Abda I. , Badri T. , Chelbi H. , Fenniche S. , Mokhtar I. , Bouratbine A. , Benmously‐Mlika R. , Aoun K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundMucosal leishmaniasis (ML), which mostly occurs in the New World, is mainly associated with Leishmania braziliensis. Primary lip ML is very rare in the Mediterranean basin and particulary in Tunisia despite the endemicity of both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in this area.ObjectivesTo highlight a recent emergence of primary lip ML in Tunisia, to describe its epidemiological and clinical features and to identify the causative Leishmania species.MethodsEpidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data of 10 cases presenting a ML of the lip were collected. Diagnosis confirmation of leishmaniasis was obtained by microscopic examination of Leishmania parasites in Giemsa stained smears of the lesion sampling and in cutaneous biopsies. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detecting Leishmania DNA directly from dermal scraping was also performed for diagnosis and species identification.ResultsSeven men and three women with lip ML were diagnosed during the last 6 years (2008‐2013). The mean age was 29.7 years. Clinical presentation was characterized by an infiltrated and ulcerated plaque leading to macrocheilitis involving the upper lip in eight cases and the lower lip in two cases. Mean diagnosis delay was 6.9 months. PCR identified L. infantum in seven cases and L. major in two cases. Seven patients received intramuscular injections of meglumine antimoniate (MA) and three patients received both MA intralesional injections of MA and cryotherapy. A clinical remission was rapidly observed in all cases (on average in 2.2 months).ConclusionsPrimary lip ML is emerging in Tunisia. Macrocheilitis of the upper lip is the main clinical presentation. PCR revealed more sensitive than direct examination in the diagnosis of such form (P < 0.01). Leishmania infantum was the most identified species (7 cases) while L major was involved in only two lesions. A benign local evolution and a rapid recovery were observed in all cases after MA treatment.
Premature newborns with fatal intrauterine herpes simplex virus‐1 infection: first report of twins and review of the literature
Authors: Pichler M. , Staffler A. , Bonometti N. , Messner H. , Deluca J. , Thuile T. , Kluge R. , Schmuth M. , Eisendle K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundNeonates with blistering skin diseases are dermatologic emergencies. The pathologies involved can pose diagnostic difficulties and there exists a variety of potential life‐threatening differential diagnoses.Objectivedescription of the first case of intrauterine acquired herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 infection in twins.MethodsWe present the case of two premature bicordial biamniotic twins (27th week of gestation) whose intrauterine growth retardation, fetal anaemia and cardiotocography abnormalities led to a caesarean emergency delivery.ResultsAccurate medical history revealed a maternal febrile gingivostomatitis at the 23rd week of gestation, which was neglected by the treating gynaecologist. Respiratory distress was present at delivery and intubation was necessary in both children. The whole skin showed extensive erosions and ulcerations and the mucosa of the eyes and genitals was also involved. Intrauterine Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of skin Tzanck smear (HSV 1 positive, HSV 2 negative), real‐time polymerase chain reaction of both serum and skin (HSV 1 positive; HSV 2 negative) and maternal serology positive for HSV 1 IgM and IgG. Siblings were immediately treated with high‐dose endovenous acyclovir. Anaemia thrombocytopenia and hepatorenal values markedly deteriorated and both developed consequential hepatorenal failure. The third day live supportive measures were terminated after parental informed consent and both siblings deceased shortly after on their mother's breast.DiscussionIntrauterine HSV infection is rare and accounts only for 5% of neonatal HSV infections. Literature reports only 64 cases and 90% of those are related to HSV‐2. Transplacental viral transmission is highest during the first 20 weeks of gestation and has been observed in pregnant women with disseminated HSV infection. Mortality and morbidity of intrauterine herpetic infection are extremely high.ConclusionDespite transplacental HSV transmission remains a rare event, the potential devastating outcome justifies immediate adequate antiviral treatment in a pregnant woman affected by primary HSV infection.
Heritability of flight and resting metabolic rates in theGlanville fritillary butterfly
Authors: Mattila A. L. K. , Hanski I. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDispersal capacity is a key life‐history trait especially in species inhabiting fragmented landscapes. Evolutionary models predict that, given sufficient heritable variation, dispersal rate responds to natural selection imposed by habitat loss and fragmentation. Here, we estimate phenotypic variance components and heritability of flight and resting metabolic rates (RMRs) in an ecological model species, theGlanville fritillary butterfly, in which flight metabolic rate (FMR) is known to correlate strongly with dispersal rate. We modelled a two‐generation pedigree with the animal model to distinguish additive genetic variance from maternal and common environmental effects. The results show thatFMRis significantly heritable, with additive genetic variance accounting for about 40% of total phenotypic variance; thus,FMRhas the potential to respond to selection on dispersal capacity. Maternal influences on flight metabolism were negligible. Heritability of flight metabolism was context dependent, as in stressful thermal conditions, environmentally induced variation dominated over additive genetic effects. There was no heritability inRMR, which was instead strongly influenced by maternal effects. This study contributes to a mechanistic understanding of the evolution of dispersal‐related traits, a pressing question in view of the challenges posed to many species by changing climate and fragmentation of natural habitats.
Lack of association between Flavobacterium columnare genomovar and virulence in hybrid tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) × Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner)
Authors: Shoemaker C A , LaFrentz B R 
Published: June 2014

AbstractColumnaris disease can be problematic in tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) production. An understanding of the pathogenesis and virulence of Flavobacterium columnare is needed to develop prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to determine the virulence of genetically defined isolates of F. columnare in sex‐reversed hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) × O. aureus (Steindachner). A series of immersion challenge trials were performed using isolates of the five established genomovars of F. columnare: I, II, II‐B, III and I/II. The mean per cent mortality of fish challenged with genomovar I, II and III isolates ranged from 0 to 100, 3.3–78 and 3.3–75%, respectively. The mean per cent mortality of fish challenged with genomovar II‐B ranged from 35 to 96.7%, and the only genomovar I/II isolate tested caused no mortality. Contrary to previous work in other fish species, there did not appear to be an association between F. columnare genomovar and virulence in tilapia. The challenge model used resulted in acute mortality. An alternative challenge model was tested by cohabitating healthy fish with dead fish infected with F. columnare. This method resulted in rapid appearance of clinical signs and mortality, suggesting the potential for F. columnare to increase in virulence upon growth on/in a fish host.