bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DLL4/Notch1 and BMP9 Interdependent Signaling Induces Human Endothelial Cell Quiescence via P27
KIP1
and Thrombospondin-1
Authors: Rostama Bahman , Turner Jacqueline E. , Seavey Guy T. , Norton Christine R. , Gridley Thomas , Vary Calvin P.H. , Liaw Lucy 
Published: October 2015

Objective—

Bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP9)/activin-like kinase-1 and delta-like 4 (DLL4)/Notch promote endothelial quiescence, and we aim to understand mechanistic interactions between the 2 pathways. We identify new targets that contribute to endothelial quiescence and test whether loss of
Dll4

+/
−

in adult vasculature alters BMP signaling.

Approach and Results—

Human endothelial cells respond synergistically to BMP9 and DLL4 stimulation, showing complete quiescence and induction of
HEY1
and
HEY2
. Canonical BMP9 signaling via activin-like kinase-1-Smad1/5/9 was disrupted by inhibition of Notch signaling, even in the absence of exogenous DLL4. Similarly, DLL4 activity was suppressed when the basal activin-like kinase-1-Smad1/5/9 pathway was inhibited, showing that these pathways are interdependent. BMP9/DLL4 required induction of P27
KIP1
for quiescence, although multiple factors are involved. To understand these mechanisms, we used proteomics data to identify upregulation of thrombospondin-1, which contributes to the quiescence phenotype. To test whether Dll4 regulates BMP/Smad pathways and endothelial cell phenotype in vivo, we characterized the vasculature of
Dll4

+/
−

mice, analyzing endothelial cells in the lung, heart, and aorta. Together with changes in endothelial structure and vascular morphogenesis, we found that loss of Dll4 was associated with a significant upregulation of pSmad1/5/9 signaling in lung endothelial cells. Because steady-state endothelial cell proliferation rates were not different in the
Dll4

+/
−

mice, we propose that the upregulation of pSmad1/5/9 signaling compensates to maintain endothelial cell quiescence in these mice.

Conclusions—
DLL4/Notch and BMP9/activin-like kinase-1 signaling rely on each other’s pathways for full activity. This represents an important mechanism of cross talk that enhances endothelial quiescence and sensitively coordinates cellular responsiveness to soluble and cell-tethered ligands.
Prophylactic Antiepileptic Drug Use and Outcome in the Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Study
Authors: Sheth Kevin N. , Martini Sharyl R. , Moomaw Charles J. , Koch Sebastian , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Sung Gene , Kittner Steven J. , Frankel Michael , Rosand Jonathan , Langefeld Carl D. , Comeau Mary E. , Waddy Salina P. , Osborne Jennifer , Woo Daniel ,   for the ERICH Investigators
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—
The role of antiepileptic drug (AED) prophylaxis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. This analysis describes prevalence of prophylactic AED use, as directed by treating clinicians, in a prospective ICH cohort and tests the hypothesis that it is associated with poor outcome.

Methods—
Analysis included 744 patients with ICH enrolled in the Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH) study before November 2012. Baseline clinical characteristics and AED use were recorded in standardized fashion. ICH location and volume were recorded from baseline neuroimaging. We analyzed differences in patient characteristics by AED prophylaxis, and we used logistic regression to test whether AED prophylaxis was associated with poor outcome. The primary outcome was 3-month modified Rankin Scale score, with 4 to 6 considered poor outcome.

Results—

AEDs were used for prophylaxis in 289 (39%) of the 744 subjects; of these, levetiracetam was used in 89%. Patients with lobar ICH, craniotomy, or larger hematomas were more likely to receive prophlyaxis. Although prophylactic AED use was associated with poor outcome in an unadjusted model (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.88;
P
=0.03), this association was no longer significant after adjusting for clinical and demographic characteristics (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.65;
P
=0.62).

Conclusions—
We found no evidence that AED use (predominantly levetiracetam) is independently associated with poor outcome. A prospective study is required to assess for a more modest effect of AED use on outcome after ICH.
Rates and Determinants of 5-Year Outcomes After Atrial Fibrillation–Related Stroke
Authors: Hayden Derek T. , Hannon Niamh , Callaly Elizabeth , Ní Chróinín Danielle , Horgan Gillian , Kyne Lorraine , Duggan Joseph , Dolan Eamon , O’Rourke Killian , Williams David , Murphy Sean , Kelly Peter J. 
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—
Demographic trends in atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence may yield a substantial rise in the societal burden of AF-related stroke (AF-stroke). Accurate population-wide outcome data are essential to inform health service planning to improve AF-stroke prevention, and provision of rehabilitation, nursing home, and community supports for AF-stroke survivors.

Methods—
We investigated rates and determinants of 5-year fatality, stroke recurrence, functional outcomes, and prescribing of secondary prevention medications in AF-stroke in the North Dublin Population Stroke Study. Ascertainment included hot and cold pursuit using multiple overlapping sources. Survival analysis was performed using lifetables and Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and Cox proportional hazard modeling was performed to identify predictors of death and recurrent stroke.

Results—

Five hundred sixty-eight patients with new stroke were identified, including 177 (31.2%) AF-stroke. At 5 years, 39.2% (confidence interval, 31.5–46.8) of ischemic AF-stroke patients were alive. Congestive heart failure, hypertension, age <65, 65–74 years, and ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke, transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism, vascular disease and female sex (CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc) score (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34;
P
<0.001), CHADS
2
score (HR 1.42,
P
=0.004), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (HR, 1.09;
P
<0.0001), and subtherapeutic international normalized ratio (<2.0) at stroke onset (HR, 3.29;
P
=0.003) were independently associated with 5-year fatality, whereas warfarin (HR, 0.40;
P
=0.001) and statin use after index stroke (HR, 0.52;
P
=0.005) were associated with improved survival. The 5-year recurrence rate after ischemic AF-stroke was 21.5% (confidence interval, 14.5–31.3). Trends toward greater risk of recurrence were observed for persistent AF (HR, 3.09;
P
=0.07) and CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score (HR, 1.34;
P
=0.07). Nursing home care was needed for 25.9% of patients.

Conclusions—
AF-stroke is associated with considerable long-term morbidity, fatality, stroke recurrence, and nursing home requirement. Adequately resourced national AF strategies to improve AF detection and prevention are needed.
Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves: From Linear Theory to Global Models
Authors: Herman Michael J. , Fuchs Zeljka , Raymond David J. , Bechtold Peter 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The authors analyze composite structures of tropical convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs) in terms of the theory of Raymond and Fuchs using radiosonde data, 3D analysis and reanalysis model output, and annual integrations with the ECMWF model on the full planet and on an aquaplanet. Precipitation anomalies are estimated using the NOAA interpolated OLR and TRMM 3B42 datasets, as well as using model OLR and rainfall diagnostics. Derived variables from these datasets are used to examine assumptions of the theory. Large-scale characteristics of wave phenomena are robust in all datasets and models where Kelvin wave variance is large. Indices from the theory representing column moisture and convective inhibition are also robust. The results suggest that the CCKW is highly dependent on convective inhibition, while column moisture does not play an important role.
Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety disorder in a sample of inmates in a Nigerian prison
Authors: Osasona Samuel O , Koleoso Olaide N 
Published: October 2015

Background to the study Prisoners tend to be marginalized and deprived of the rights and privileges that other citizens in the community enjoy. Their separation from families, adverse effects on health of prison environment, and the uncertainty about the future place a great psychological burden on them which can lead to the development of mental illness. Aims and objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (depression and anxiety) and the associated factors among a sample of the prison inmates. Materials and method The study was descriptive and cross-sectional in design; it was conducted in a medium security prison in Benin City, Nigeria. Participants were interviewed with the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Two hundred and fifty-two prisoners who were selected by systematic sampling techniques participated in the study and the data were analyzed using the 16th version of the SPSS with the statistical level of significance set at p < 0.05. Data were presented in tables; frequencies and percentages were calculated. Chi-square and logistic regression statistical tests were performed to determine variables that have relationship with psychiatric morbidity. Results The mean age of the respondents was 33.6 years (SD ± 9.29), and the majority of the respondents (43.7%) were in the age range 21–30 years. The prevalence of general psychiatric morbidity (SRQ-20 caseness) was 80.6%, while 72.6% and 77.8% were found to be positive for depression and anxiety symptoms respectively on the HADS. Overall, 84.5% of the respondents had at least one type of psychiatric morbidity. Age, marital status, self-reported physical and mental health, previous mental illness, imprisonment status, prison accommodation, prison meal, and health care services were found to be significantly associated with depression, anxiety or general psychiatric morbidity. Self-reported poor current mental health was the only variable that predicted all the three types of psychiatric morbidity. Conclusion Prisoners in this study, and as in previous reports, had high prevalence rates of psychiatric morbidity. Thus, prisoners have a need for regular psychiatric screening and treatment. The consequences of untreated psychiatric morbidity and the need for improved health care services and infrastructure in the prison were discussed.
The Natural History of Biointerference Screw Cyst and New Bone Formation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Thompson Simon M. , Fung Sebastian , Wood David G. 
Published: October 2015

Background: A variety of fixation devices are available for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Bioabsorbable screws allow imaging postoperatively without image artefact, as with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There is also the perceived benefit of screw resorption and subsequent host tunnel bone ingrowth. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to document the natural history of poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) bioabsorbable interference screws. Manufacturers claimed that screws would be resorbed and replaced by new bone within 2 years. The hypothesis was that these screws take considerably longer to achieve this claim. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Ten consecutive patients undergoing routine ACLR with a PLLA bioabsorbable RCI screw (Arthrex) and a standard 4-strand hamstring graft technique were assessed via MRI and telephone questionnaire at 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 16 years postoperatively. Results: At 4-year follow-up, no resorption of the screw or bone formation had occurred. At 7-year follow-up, absorption of 7 screws was complete, cyst formation had occurred in 3 patients, and 5 patients had new bone formation. At 10-year follow-up, all screws were reabsorbed, cyst formation was evident in only 2 cases, and 7 patients had evidence of new bone formation. At 16-year follow-up, cyst formation was only present in 1 patient, and all patients had evidence of new bone formation. All patients had an intact anterior cruciate ligament and had returned to preinjury sporting activity. Conclusion: PLLA bioabsorbable screws take longer to resorb than previously thought by the manufacturers (ie, 2 years). New bone formation is evident in 100% of patients by 16 years. Cyst formation does not occur in all patients with a bioabsorbable screw implant. In the 3 patients demonstrating the presence of a cyst, no associated adverse effects were found with regard to anterior cruciate ligament graft survival or instability.
Aspectual distinctions in Dutch-Ambon Malay bilingual heritage speakers
Authors: Moro Francesca R 
Published: October 2015

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: This paper investigates the effects of Dutch on the tense-aspect system of heritage Ambon Malay, a variety spoken by Dutch-Ambon Malay bilinguals in the Netherlands. The study asks whether the cross-linguistic contrasts between the two languages – Dutch obligatorily marks past/non-past and finiteness, whereas Ambon Malay lacks a grammaticalized expression of these distinctions – has an effect on the aspectual system of heritage Ambon Malay. Design/Methodology/Approach: The database for the study consists of video descriptions provided by 32 bilingual speakers (the experimental groups) and by three control groups: 27 homeland speakers of Ambon Malay, 5 first generation speakers of Ambon Malay in the Netherlands (late bilinguals), and 10 monolingual speakers of Dutch. Data and Analysis: The frequency and distribution of aspect markers is analysed statistically in the four groups. Findings/Conclusions: The analysis of the data reveals that, under the influence of Dutch, the Ambon Malay progressive marker ada has undergone a shift in temporal status and frequency and it is now interpreted as a marker of present tense, as well as of progressive aspect. The other two aspect markers, the iamitive/perfective su and verbal reduplication (iterative) are used significantly less by heritage speakers. Originality: This study shows that when a grammatical category is present and productive in the dominant language of a bilingual heritage speaker, but not in the heritage language, there is a great likelihood that it will undergo contact-induced grammaticalization, even in a relatively short time contact situation. The study also shows that input-related factors, such as transparency and phonological salience, contribute to the (in)stability of aspectual forms in the heritage language. Significance/Implications: This finding has implication for the incomplete acquisition perspective on heritage languages, which sees these languages as grammatically simplified systems (see, e.g., Montrul, 2009; Polinsky, 2008), because it shows that heritage languages can also gain grammatical distinctions previously absent in the (homeland) language.
A phase 2 study of idelalisib plus rituximab in treatment-naïve older patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: O'Brien Susan M. , Lamanna Nicole , Kipps Thomas J. , Flinn Ian , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Burger Jan A. , Keating Michael , Mitra Siddhartha , Holes Leanne , Yu Albert S. , Johnson David M. , Miller Langdon L. , Kim Yeonhee , Dansey Roger D. , Dubowy Ronald L. , Coutre Steven E. 
Published: October 2015

Key PointsIn 64 older patients with untreated CLL or small lymphocytic leukemia, treatment with idelalisib plus rituximab was generally well tolerated. The combination produced a very high response rate (97%), including 19% complete remission.
Permanent draft genome sequence of Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1
Authors: Ullrich Sophie R. , Poehlein Anja , Voget Sonja , Hoppert Michael , Daniel Rolf , Leimbach Andreas , Tischler Judith S. , Schlömann Michael , Mühling Martin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe tenacious association between strains of the heterotrophic alphaproteobacterial genus Acidiphilium and chemolithotrophic iron oxidizing bacteria has long been known. In this context the genome of the heterotroph Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1, an isolate from an iron oxidizing mixed culture derived from a pilot plant for bioremediation of acid mine drainage, was determined with the aim to reveal metabolic properties that are fundamental for the syntrophic interaction between Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1 and the co-occurring chemolithoautotrophic iron oxidizer. The genome sequence consists of 4.18 Mbp on 297 contigs and harbors 4015 protein-coding genes and 50 RNA genes. Additionally, the molecular and functional organization of the Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1 draft genome was compared to those of the close relatives Acidiphilium cryptum JF-5, Acidiphilium multivorum AIU301 and Acidiphilium sp. PM DSM 24941. The comparative genome analysis underlines the close relationship between these strains and the highly similar metabolic potential supports the idea that other Acidiphilium strains play a similar role in various acid mine drainage communities. Nevertheless, in contrast to other closely related strains Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1 may be able to take up phosphonates as an additional source of phosphor.
Nonperturbational surface-wave inversion: A Dix-type relation for surface waves
Authors: Haney Matthew M. , Tsai Victor C. 
Published: October 2015

We extend the approach underlying the well-known Dix equation in reflection seismology to surface waves. Within the context of surface wave inversion, the Dix-type relation we derive for surface waves allows accurate depth profiles of shear-wave velocity to be constructed directly from phase velocity data, in contrast to perturbational methods. The depth profiles can subsequently be used as an initial model for nonlinear inversion. We provide examples of the Dix-type relation for under-parameterized and over-parameterized cases. In the under-parameterized case, we use the theory to estimate crustal thickness, crustal shear-wave velocity, and mantle shear-wave velocity across the Western U.S. from phase velocity maps measured at 8-, 20-, and 40-s periods. By adopting a thin-layer formalism and an over-parameterized model, we show how a regularized inversion based on the Dix-type relation yields smooth depth profiles of shear-wave velocity. In the process, we quantitatively demonstrate the depth sensitivity of surface-wave phase velocity as a function of frequency and the accuracy of the Dix-type relation. We apply the over-parameterized approach to a near-surface data set within the frequency band from 5 to 40 Hz and find overall agreement between the inverted model and the result of full nonlinear inversion.
The action of mimetic peptides on connexins protects fibroblasts from the negative effects of ischemia reperfusion
Authors: Glass Beverley J. , Hu Rebecca G. , Phillips Anthony R. J. , Becker David L. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTConnexins have been proposed as a target for therapeutic treatment of a variety of conditions. The main approaches have been by antisense or small peptides specific against connexins. Some of these peptides enhance communication while others interfere with connexin binding partners or bind to the intracellular and extracellular loops of connexins. Here, we explored the mechanism of action of a connexin mimetic peptide by evaluating its effect on gap junction channels, connexin protein levels and hemichannel activity in fibroblast cells under normal conditions and following ischemia reperfusion injury which elevates Cx43 levels, increases hemichannel activity and causes cell death. Our results showed that the effects of the mimetic peptide were concentration-dependent. High concentrations (100-300 μM) significantly reduced Cx43 protein levels and GJIC within 2 h, while these effects did not appear until 6 h when using lower concentrations (10-30 μM). Cell death can be reduced when hemichannel opening and GJIC were minimised.
There are four dynamically and functionally distinct populations of E-cadherin in cell junctions
Authors: Erami Zahra , Timpson Paul , Yao Wu , Zaidel-Bar Ronen , Anderson Kurt I. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTE-cadherin is a trans-membrane tumor suppressor responsible for epithelial cell adhesion. E-cadherin forms adhesive clusters through combined extra-cellular cis- and trans-interactions and intracellular interaction with the actin cytoskeleton. Here we identify four populations of E-cadherin within cell junctions based on the molecular interactions which determine their mobility and adhesive properties. Adhesive and non-adhesive populations of E-cadherin each consist of mobile and immobile fractions. Up to half of the E-cadherin immobilized in cell junctions is non-adhesive. Incorporation of E-cadherin into functional adhesions require all three adhesive interactions, with deletion of any one resulting in loss of effective cell-cell adhesion. Interestingly, the only interaction which could independently slow the diffusion of E-cadherin was the tail-mediated intra-cellular interaction. The adhesive and non-adhesive mobile fractions of E-cadherin can be distinguished by their sensitivity to chemical cross-linking with adhesive clusters. Our data define the size, mobility, and adhesive properties of four distinct populations of E-cadherin within cell junctions, and support association with the actin cytoskeleton as the first step in adhesion formation.
Investing with Brain or Heart? A Field Experiment on Responsible Investment
Authors: Døskeland Trond , Pedersen Lars Jacob Tynes 
Published: October 2015

Socially responsible investment is increasingly prevalent in financial markets and is characterized by the integration of financial and nonfinancial objectives. This paper investigates the influence of wealth concerns and moral concerns on individual investors’ decisions to invest responsibly. We conduct a unique natural field experiment of investors in an online banking context, wherein we frame responsible investment with regard to either wealth or morality and study investors’ subsequent behavior. We find that wealth framing is more effective than moral framing for both information search and investment behavior. Our study contributes to the literature by providing real-life insight into how prosocial decision making in financial markets can be promoted. This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Birth preparedness among women in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
Authors: Gitonga Eliphas , Keraka Margaret , Mwaniki Peter 
Published: October 2015

Background/Aim: In 2005, the sub-county health management team identified a need for information to reduce the lack of skilled attendance at birth. This study assesses the determinants of birth preparedness among women who had given birth in the last 2 years in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Methods: Stratified sampling was used to select 345 pregnant women for interview. Systematic sampling was used so that every 14th client attending a maternal/child health clinic in the sampled facilities was interviewed. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. A chi-squared test and logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Results: Approximately 20% of the interviewed sample were prepared for birth on all six recommended aspects of birth preparedness. The most planned for aspect of birth was hospital birth expenses (74%), followed by place of birth (69%). The least prepared for aspect was transport to a health facility (35%). Conclusions: Higher level of education, higher income, salaried occupation and at least four antenatal care visits all increased the likelihood of being more prepared for birth. A history of stillbirth reduced the likelihood of birth preparedness. It is recommended that the Kenya Ministry of Health improve levels of birth preparedness through the provision of antenatal care.