bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Umbilical Cord pH Levels and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Andersson Charlotte Brix , Klingenberg Claus , Thellesen Line , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Kesmodel Ulrik Schiøler , Petersen Jesper Padkaer 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceUmbilical cord pH (UC-pH) level is an important objective indicator of intrapartum fetal hypoxia and is used to predict neonatal morbidity and mortality. A UC-pH value of less than 7.00 is often defined as a threshold for severe acidosis, but existing evidence is divergent and largely based on UC-pH measurements from selected populations; consequently, the results are challenging to interpret.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between UC-pH levels and the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes in a national setting with universal UC-pH measurement.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis national, population-based cohort study included all liveborn, singleton, full-term infants without malformations born in Denmark from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2023, to March 1, 2024.ExposureUmbilical cord pH level categorized as less than 7.00, 7.00 to 7.09, 7.10 to 7.19 and 7.20 to 7.50 (reference group).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a composite of severe adverse neonatal outcomes: neonatal death, therapeutic hypothermia, mechanical ventilation, treatment with inhaled nitric oxide, or seizures. Secondary outcomes were individual components of the primary outcome, Apgar score, respiratory outcomes, and hypoglycemia. Data are presented as adjusted risk ratios (ARRs) with 95% CIs.ResultsAmong the 340 431 infants included, mean (SD) gestational age was 39.9 (1.6) weeks; mean (SD) birth weight was 3561 (480) g; and 51.3% were male. Umbilical cord pH of less than 7.20 was observed more often among infants with a gestational age of 40 or 41 weeks (31.6%-33.6% compared with 18.2%-20.2% at a gestational age of 39 weeks) and among male infants (53.9%-55.4% vs 44.6%-46.1% among female infants). Compared with the pH reference group (576 of 253 540 [0.2%]), the risk for the primary outcome was increased for the groups with UC-pH levels of less than 7.00 (171 of 1743 [9.8%]), 7.00 to 7.09 (101 of 11 904 [0.8%]), and 7.10 to 7.19 (259 of 73 244 [0.4%]). Comparable patterns were observed for the individual outcomes, except for neonatal death, which was only increased in the group with UC-pH levels of less than 7.10. The risk of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure was increased when UC-pH levels were less than 7.20, and the risk of hypoglycemia was 21.5% if UC-pH levels were less than 7.10.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of 340 431 newborn infants, results support and extend previous studies indicating a higher risk of adverse outcomes even at UC-pH levels above 7.00. The threshold for more intensive observation and treatment may be reconsidered.
Hyperalgesia in Patients With a History of Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Trøstheim Martin , Eikemo Marie 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceShort-term and long-term opioid treatment have been associated with increased pain sensitivity (ie, opioid-induced hyperalgesia). Treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) mainly involves maintenance with methadone and buprenorphine, and observations of heightened cold pain sensitivity among patients are often considered evidence of opioid-induced hyperalgesia.ObjectiveTo critically examine the evidence that hyperalgesia in patients with OUD is related to opioid use.Data SourcesWeb of Science, PubMed, and Embase between March 1, 2023, and April 12, 2024, were searched.Study SelectionStudies assessing cold pressor test (CPT) pain responses during treatment seeking, pharmacological treatment, or abstinence in patients with OUD history were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisMultilevel random-effects models with robust variance estimation were used for all analyses. Study quality was rated with the JBI checklist. Funnel plots and Egger regression tests were used to assess reporting bias.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcomes were pain threshold, tolerance, and intensity in patients and healthy controls, and unstandardized, standardized (Hedges g), and percentage differences (%Δ) in these measures between patients and controls. The association between pain sensitivity and opioid tolerance, withdrawal, and abstinence indices was tested with meta-regression.ResultsThirty-nine studies (1385 patients, 741 controls) met the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported CPT data on patients undergoing opioid agonist treatment. These patients had a mean 2- to 3-seconds lower pain threshold (95% CI, −4 to −1; t test P = .01; %Δ, −22%; g = −0.5) and 29-seconds lower pain tolerance (95% CI, −39 to −18; t test P &amp;lt; .001; %Δ, −52%; g = −0.9) than controls. Egger tests suggested that these differences may be overestimated. There were some concerns of bias due to inadequate sample matching and participant dropout. Meta-regressions yielded no clear support for hyperalgesia being opioid related.Conclusion and RelevancePatients receiving opioid agonist treatment for OUD are hypersensitive to cold pain. It remains unclear whether hyperalgesia develops prior to, independent of, or as a result of long-term opioid treatment. Regardless, future studies should investigate the impact of hyperalgesia on patients’ well-being and treatment outcomes.
Expert consensus on quality control indicators for integrative medicine in ankylosing spondylitis (2023 version)
Authors: Tao Qingwen , Zhang Liubo , Yan Zeran , Kong Weiping , Xu Yuan , Zhang Nan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe integrated treatment with Chinese and Western medicine plays an important role in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which can significantly relieve the patient's symptoms and improve quality of life. However, as a result of the lack of standardization of clinical management in some regions, the quality of AS treatment in China remains unoptimistic. In 2021, initiated by the Center for Integrative Medicine of China‐Japan Friendship Hospital, led by the traditional Chinese medicine department of rheumatology of China‐Japan Friendship Hospital, relying on the rheumatology branch of the Beijing Association of the integrating of traditional and Western medicine, and using the Delphi method, an expert consensus on “Quality Control Indicators for Integrative Medicine in Ankylosing Spondylitis” was established (Beijing Association of the Integrating of Traditional and Western Medicine Standardization Expert Consensus Filing Number: 2021Z031A2). The consensus revision updates the 2021 version by adding four items, which will provide a reference for the quality control of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for AS in China and help improve the current diagnosis and treatment status of AS.
Bioinspired Nanocomposite Dry Adhesives Applicable Over a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Li Shuai , Li Xiangmeng , Tian Hongmiao , Wang Chunhui , Zhu Xijing , Shao Jinyou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBioinspired structural adhesives have shown great potential in the field of industrial manipulation and locomotion. However, such adhesives usually perform great adhesion performance at room temperature, reliable adhesion under high‐temperature conditions remains a major challenge and is rarely investigated, which severely limits the applications of current bioinspired adhesives. Here, a bioinspired adhesive structure based on fluororubber (FKM) and nanofillers is proposed. The adhesive structure has a “suction cup‐shaped” tip that mimics the special structural configuration of the adhesive setae of Dytiscus lapponicus, and the ability to regulate the structural modulus by adjusting the content of nanofillers, as well as exhibiting strong and contamination‐free adhesion (>350 kPa) with high adhesive efficiency (up to 77.7) in a wide temperature range (from room temperature to high temperatures (>200 °C)). Moreover, the adhesion performance can be enhanced by precisely regulating the structural modulus, and the enhancement mechanism is demonstrated based on the cohesive zone theory. The proposed adhesion strategy expands the application areas of dry adhesives from room‐ to high‐temperature conditions, especially for the pick‐up and transfer of thin and fragile materials that require high‐temperature operation, opening an avenue for the development of devices and systems based on dry adhesives.
Essential Oil Components Incorporated Emulsion Hydrogels for Eradicating Dermatophytosis Caused by Pathogenic Fungi Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis
Authors: Preman Namitha K. , Amin Nikhitha , Sanjeeva Sandesh G. , Surya Suprith , Kumar B Sukesh , Shenoy Manjunath M. , Shastry Rajesh P. , Johnson Renjith P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDermatophytosis is a prevalent fungal infection and public health burden, majorly caused by the attack of zoophilic fungi genera of Trichophyton and Microsporum. Among them, T. mentagrophytes and M. canis are the dominating pathogens that cause dermatophytosis in humans. Though anti‐fungal treatments are available, the widespread drug resistance and minimal efficacy of conventional therapies cause recurring infections. In addition, prolonged anti‐fungal medications induce several systemic side effects, including hepatotoxicity and leucopenia. The anti‐dermatophytic formulation of biocompatible essential oil components (EOCs) is attractive due to their highly potent anti‐dermatophytic action. Herein, two EOCs, Eugenol (EU) and Isoeugenol (IU), incorporated emulsion hydrogel (EOCs‐EHG) synthesized from hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate. The cytocompatibility of the hydrogels is confirmed by treating them with fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. The EOCs‐EHG demonstrated pH and temperature‐responsive sustained release of entrapped EOCs and inhibited fungal spore germination. T. mentagrophytes and M. canis biofilms are eradicated at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 2 µg mL−1 each of EU and IU. The in vivo anti‐dermatophytic activity of EOCs‐EHG is confirmed in dermatophyte‐infected Wistar albino rat models. The topical application of EOCs‐EHG demonstrated complete infection eradication and facilitated skin regeneration, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of EOCs‐EHG against dermatophytosis.
Modified Titanium Implants Satisfy the Demands of Diabetic Osseointegration via Sequential Regulation of Macrophages and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Ma Bo , Chen Fangye , Liu Xin , Zhang Yang , Gou Shuangquan , Meng Qianxiang , Liu Peng , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe application of titanium (Ti) implants for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is still facing a significant challenge due to obstacles such as hyperglycemia, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and chronic inflammation, which hinders osseointegration. To address this issue, a Ti implant with dual functions of regulating polarization of macrophages and facilitating osseointergration is developed via hydrothermal reaction and hydrogel coating. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glucose (Glu) responsive hydrogel coating can locally deliver adenosine (ADO) in the early stage of implantation. The controlled release of ADO regulated the phenotype of macrophages, restored oxidative balance, and enhanced mitochondrial function during the early stages of implantation. Subsequently, strontium (Sr) ions will be released to promote osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as the hydrogel coating degraded. It eventually leads to bone reconstruction during the late stages, aligning with the biological cascade of bone healing. The modified Ti implants showed effective osteogenesis for bone defects in DM patients, shedding light on the design and biological mechanisms of surface modification. This research offers promising potential for improving the treatment of bone‐related complications in diabetic patients.
Approaching 20% Efficiency in Ortho‐Xylene Processed Organic Solar Cells by a Benzo[a]phenazine‐Core‐Based 3D Network Acceptor with Large Electronic Coupling and Long Exciton Diffusion Length
Authors: Luo Zhenghui , Wei Weifei , Ma Ruijie , Ran Guangliu , Jee Min Hun , Chen Zhanxiang , Li Yuxiang , Zhang Wenkai , Woo Han Young , Yang Chuluo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance organic solar cells often rely on halogen‐containing solvents, which restrict the photovoltaic industry. Therefore, it is imperative to develop efficient organic photovoltaic materials compatible with halogen‐free solvents. Herein, a series of benzo[a]phenazine (BP)‐core‐based small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) achieved through an isomerization chlorination strategy is presented, comprising unchlorinated NA1, 10‐chlorine substituted NA2, 8‐chlorine substituted NA3, and 7‐chlorine substituted NA4. Theoretical simulations highlight NA3's superior orbit overlap length and tight molecular packing, attributed to interactions between the end group and BP unit. Furthermore, NA3 demonstrates dense 3D network structures and a record electronic coupling of 104.5 meV. These characteristics empower the ortho‐xylene (o‐XY) processed PM6:NA3 device with superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.94%, surpassing PM6:NA1 (15.34%), PM6:NA2 (7.18%), and PM6:NA4 (16.02%). Notably, the significantly lower PCE in the PM6:NA2 device is attributed to excessive self‐aggregation characteristics of NA2 in o‐XY. Importantly, the incorporation of D18‐Cl into the PM6:NA3 binary blend enhances crystallographic ordering and increases the exciton diffusion length of the donor phase, resulting in a ternary device efficiency of 19.75% (certified as 19.39%). These findings underscore the significance of incorporating new electron‐deficient units in the design of efficient SMAs tailored for environmentally benign solvent processing of OSCs.
Anti−Reflection Metamaterials with Phase Gradient Index Generate Surface Waves for Radar Stealth in the Microwave Regime
Authors: Huang Lingxi , Zhao Rongzhi , Ji Lianze , Ruan Jiachang , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough the conversion of propagating waves into surface waves is anticipated to introduce a novel degree of freedom for radar stealth materials, the manipulation of wavelength and traveling direction of surface waves at small phase gradients remains unclear. Here the aforementioned conversion is demonstrated utilizing a metamaterial composed of carbonyl iron powders, where the momentum mismatch is compensated by the material and the phase gradient index of the aligned meta−atoms. Surface waves are generated in the direction of the phase gradient within a phase span of 180°. The metamaterials with 5−level metastructure (5x:1x) generate surface waves with two wavelengths, and get the ξ/k0 value (ratio of the phase gradient index to the wave vectors of propagating wave) of 7.5 and 4.32, respectively. Furthermore, the dual phase gradient metastructure possesses the capability to alter the trajectory of the leaky microwave, converting it into a waveform resembling that of a vortex, while simultaneously preserving the integrity of surface waves. The sample achieves an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.67–7.96 and 20.19–21.10 GHz with an optimal absorption peak of −40.77 dB at 6.87 GHz. Present study develops a novel mechanism to improve the radar stealth properties of microwave absorption materials.
Structure‐Guided Engineering of a Short‐Chain Dehydrogenase LfSDR1 for Efficient Biosynthesis of (R)‐9‐(2‐Hydroxypropyl)adenine, the Key Intermediate of Tenofovir
Authors: Wang Qingyu , Cong Lin , Guo Jiyang , Wang Jiajun , Han Xu , Zhang Wenhe , Liu Weidong , Wei Hongli , You Song 
Published: August 2024

Abstract(R)‐9‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) adenine ((R)‐HPA) is an important intermediate for the synthesis of tenofovir and its prodrugs. Herein, structure‐guided rational design of short‐chain dehydrogenase LfSDR1 was adopted to improve the catalytic performance for enantioselective synthesis of (R)‐HPA at high substrate loading. The crystal structures of LfSDR1 in its apo form as well as in complex with NADPH were solved, which were used for mutagenesis studies and illustration mechanism. Three residues (G92, E141 and V186) were identified as hotspots by structural analysis, and variants V186A/G92V and V186A/G92V/E141L with remarkably improved activity were obtained. By molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of WT and variants, G92V plays a key role in enzyme‐substrate interaction in the binding pocket. Whole cells expressing the mutant LfSDR1‐V186A/G92V and glucose dehydrogenase BsGDH from Bacillus subtilis were used as the catalyst, and up to 200 g L−1 substrate without cosolvent was completely converted to (R)‐HPA with 99.9% ee and a high space‐time yield (STY) of 800 g L−1 day−1. This study improves the understanding of the catalytic mechanism of LfSDR and provides a potential biocatalytic strategy for industrial synthesis of (R)‐HPA.
Bowl on the ring: Molecular crowns hosting fullerenes synergistically by buckybowl and nanohoop
Authors: Song Wenru , Liu Zhe , Hua Xinqiang , Yang Shaojie , Tang Xia , Yuan Chengshan , Liu Zitong , Zhang Hao‐Li , Shao Xiangfeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCurved π‐electron systems show unique properties and assembly feature that enable the specific applications in materials science and supramolecular chemistry. Herein, fullerene, carbon nanohoop and π‐bowl are integrated by the coupling of covalent and supramolecular tactics. Firstly, π‐bowl trichalcogenasumanenes (TCSs) are fused with a carbon nanohoop [10]CPP via covalent joint to form molecular crowns 4a/4b, which show structural and electronic complementarity and accordingly strong binding affinity to C60/C70. Secondly, the supramolecular assemblies of 4a/4b with fullerenes afford the host‐guest complexes 4a/4b⊃C60/C70 in solution (molar ratio, 2:1) and solid state (molar ratio, 1:1). In the crystals of host–guest complexes, the intra‐cluster and inter‐cluster interactions are respectively dominated by the [10]CPP and TCSs moieties of 4a/4b. Additionally, it is found that 4a/4b are good photosensitizers for generating 1O2 and show structural adaptability in accordance to assembly conditions. 4a/4b take an endo‐conformation in their own crystals with TCSs and [10]CPP moieties being bowl‐shaped and elliptical, respectively. In contrast, the [10]CPP on 4a/4b changes into circular and the TCSs moiety becomes flat (for 4b) or shows bowl inversion to be exo‐conformation (for 4a) in 4a/4b⊃C60/C70.
Recent Advances in Scandium(III) Triflate Catalysis: A Review
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Arora Aditi , Sapra Shivani , Chaudhary Riya , Singh Brajendra K. , Singh Sunil K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOver the past three decades, triflate salts have emerged as crucial Lewis acid catalysts in organic synthesis, playing a significant role in cyclization, C−H bond functionalization, and various other reactions. Among these, rare‐earth triflates have garnered attention due to their water compatibility, environmental friendliness, noncorrosive nature, and reusability. In particular, scandium(III) triflate [Sc(OTf)3] stands out as a water‐resistant Lewis acid with remarkable catalytic activity in aqueous environments. Unlike typical Lewis acids such as AlCl3, BF3, and SnCl4, which are decomposed or deactivated by water, Sc(OTf)3 remains stable and effective. Its exceptional Lewis acidity, resilience against hydrolysis, and recyclability make it a prominent green catalyst. The unique stability of Sc(OTf)3 in water is attributed to the smaller size of scandium ions (Sc3+), enhancing its catalytic efficiency. Sc(OTf)3 has a longstanding history in organic synthesis, facilitating a wide range of reactions including aldol, Michael, allylation, Friedel‐Crafts acylations, Diels‐Alder, Mannich, cycloadditions (including cyclopropanation), and cascade reactions. The increasing utilization of Sc(OTf)3 over the past decade underscores the necessity for updated insights. This review provides a concise overview of the versatility of Sc(OTf)3 as a catalyst, focusing on developments from 2017 to 2024.
In Situ Alloying Enabled by Active Liquid Metal Filler for Self‐Healing Composite Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Wu Kai , Ju Zhengyu , Zhang Bowen , Marschilok Amy C. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Yu Guihua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolid inorganics, known for kinetically inhibiting polymer crystallization and enhancing ionic conductivity, have attracted significant attention in solid polymer electrolytes. However, current composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are still facing challenges in Li metal batteries, falling short of inhibiting severe dendritic growth and resulting in very limited cycling life. This study introduces Ga62.5In21.5Sn16 (Galinstan) liquid metal (LM) as an active liquid alternative to conventional passive solid fillers, aiming at realizing self‐healing protection against dendrite problems. Compared to solid inorganics, for example silica, LM droplets could more significantly reduce polymer crystallinity and enhance Li‐ion conductivity due to their liquid nature, especially at temperatures below the polymer melting point. More importantly, LMs are unraveled as dynamic chemical traps, which are capable of blocking and consuming lithium dendrites upon contact via in situ alloying during battery operation and further inhibiting dendritic growth due to the lower deposition energy barrier of the formed Li‐LM alloy. As a proof of concept, by strategically designing an asymmetric CPE with the active LM filling, a solid‐state Li/LiFePO4 battery achieves promising full‐cell functionality with notable rate performance and stable cycle life. This active filler‐mediated self‐healing approach could bring new insights into the battery design in versatile solid‐state systems.
Revealing the Dynamic Evolution of Electrolyte Configuration on the Cathode‐Electrolyte Interface by Visualizing (De) Solvation Processes
Authors: Luo Haiyan , Ji Xiangyu , Zhang Baodan , Chen Ming , Wu Xiaohong , Zhu Yuanlong , Yu Xiaoyu , Wang Junhao , Zhang Haitang , Hong Yuhao , Zou Yeguo , Feng Guang , Qiao Yu , Zhou Haoshen , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectrolyte engineering is crucial for improving cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) to enhance the performance of lithium‐ion batteries, especially at high charging cut‐off voltages. However, typical electrolyte modification strategies always focus on the solvation structure in the bulk region, but consistently neglect the dynamic evolution of electrolyte solvation configuration at the cathode‐electrolyte interface, which directly influences the CEI construction. Herein, we reveal an anti‐synergy effect between Li+‐solvation and interfacial electric field by visualizing the dynamic evolution of electrolyte solvation configuration at the cathode‐electrolyte interface, which determines the concentration of interfacial solvated‐Li+. The Li+ solvation in the charging process facilitates the construction of a concentrated (Li+‐solvent/anion‐rich) interface and anion‐derived CEI, while the repulsive force derived from interfacial electric field induces the formation of a diluted (solvent‐rich) interface and solvent‐derived CEI. Modifying the electrochemical protocols and electrolyte formulation, we regulate the “inflection voltage” arising from the anti‐synergy effect and prolong the lifetime of the concentrated interface, which further improves the functionality of CEI architecture.