bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of undergraduate students towards persons with disabilities; the role of the need for social approval
Authors: Kowalska Joanna , Winnicka Justyna 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this study was a diagnosis of the attitudes of students of Warsaw universities towards people with disabilities and the variables which impacted on these attitudes. Additionally, we examined the relationship between the need for social approval and explicit attitudes towards people with disabilities. The study focused on two components of attitudes: behavioural (measured by preferable social distance - SDSB) and cognitive (tested with a semantic differential scale - SDSO). 318 students completed a survey including a demographic sheet, a social desirability scale, the SDSB and SDSO. The results indicate that students expressed positive attitudes towards people with disabilities. The impact of such variables as gender, the type of disability and the need for social approval was registered and were differentiated in regard to components of attitudes. The results are discussed with reference to earlier research and cues for further studies are suggested.
Attentional Control and Retrieval Induced Forgetting Self-regulation Perspective
Authors: Kolańczyk Alina , Reszko Marta , Mordasiewicz Paweł 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Retrieval Induced Forgetting (RIF) refers to the finding that the retrieval of some items from memory (RP+) impairs the retrieval of related items (RP-). The RIF effect is indicated by a comparison of RP- with unrelated but also tobe- remembered items (NRP). Since RIF appears during intentional memorizing of words, therefore we checked whether it depends on attentional control (AC) involved in goal maintenance, and also if implicit evaluations of to-be-remembered (RP) contents moderate this process (causing e.g. inhibition). In three experiments, each including AC as the independent variable, we found AC to be related to the RIF effect. Only high but not low AC subjects showed the presence of RIF. The results of the affective priming procedure showed that implicit evaluations of NRP items moderate the relationship of high AC and the RIF effect. The explanation why temporarily devaluated NRP could enhance the RIF effect and suggestion concerning future research summarize the article.
Promoting eyewitness testimony quality: Warning vs. reinforced self-affirmation as methods of reduction of the misinformation effect
Authors: Szpitalak Malwina , Polczyk Romuald 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In a typical experiment on the misinformation effect, subjects first watch some event, afterwards read a description of it which in the experimental group includes some incorrect details, and answer questions relating to the original event. Typically, subjects in the misled experimental group report more false details than those from the control group.
The main purpose of the presented study was to compare two methods of reducing the misinformation effect, namely - warning against misinformation and reinforced self-affirmation. The reinforced self-affirmation consists of two elements: the participants recall their greatest achievements of life, and are being given a positive feedback about their performance in a memory task.
The obtained results showed that the reinforced self-affirmation was more effective than warning, although the latter also caused a significant reduction of the vulnerability to misinformation.
Electrocortical Correlates of Temperament
Authors: Tatalović Vorkapić Sanja , Tadinac Meri , Lučev Ivana 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between three temperament dimensions: strength of excitation, strength of inhibition and mobility measured by Pavlov’s Temperament Survey (PTS), and amplitudes and latencies of evoked brain potentials (N1, P2, N2, P3 & SW) measured by a visual oddball paradigm in two blocks. The participants were female psychology students (N=54) with mean age of 20.Significant positive correlations were determined between amplitudes of N1-P2-N2-P3 components and strength of excitation and mobility in the first and second block, mostly on parietal electrodes, as well as significant negative correlations of amplitudes of N1-P2-N2-P3 components and strength of inhibition. Considering measurement limitations important future study directions have been given.
Methodological considerations in studying awareness during learning: Part 1: Implicit learning
Authors: Nakamura Daisuke 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMethodological problems of how awareness during learning should be measured have been extensively discussed and investigated in cognitive psychology. This review considers; 1)whether amnesics can perform implicit learning tasks at a similar level to normal controls, 2) whether differences in instructional orientations create dissociations in performance in tests of implicit and explicit knowledge, and 3) whether participants can retrospectively verbalise the learning outcomes. The paper concludes that; (1) amnesics’ implicit learning abilities differ from the normal controls, (2) instructions on implicit learning do not guarantee the occurrence of implicit learning, and (3) objective and subjective awareness measures used in the literature face inherent problems and so the awareness controversy remains unsettled.
Exploring the relationship between the body self and personality defence mechanisms in women with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Mirucka Beata 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between disorders of the body self and personality defence mechanisms of women with bulimia nervosa. It was hypothesized that women with bulimia nervosa would not form a homogeneous group in terms of the body self disorder and that the extent of this disorder would be significantly related to personality functioning in terms of the defence styles adopted. The hypothesis was investigated with the aid of two questionnaires: the Body Self Questionnaire (Mirucka, 2005) and the Defence Style Questionnaire by Andrews, Singh and Bond (1993). 36 women aged between 15 and 25 years, who fulfilled the DSM IV criteria for bulimia nervosa participated in the study. Conclusions from the study were that: (1) the body self of bulimic women is differentially disordered at three levels: profound, moderate and minimal. (2) the degree to which the body self was found to be disordered is significant in psychological terms as it is related to the defence style adopted by the bulimic personality. The profound and moderate levels of body self disorder related to immature defence styles, while minimal levels of disruption to body self were associated with neurotic and mature styles.
Body Fat Distribution in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Iuhas Cristian-Ioan , Costin Nicolae , Niţă Cristina , Mihu Dan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground and Aims. Most women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are thought to have an abdominal body fat distribution, regardless of body mass index (BMI). The objective of our research was to compare body fat distribution between PCOS cases and BMI/age matched healthy control women. Materials and Methods. We compared 102 women with PCOS and 120 healthy female patients matched for age and BMI (retrospective review of the medical records). Visceral fat area (VFA) was measured by bioelectric impedance. Results. No significant differences were noted between the PCOS group and controls regarding total cholesterol, LDLcholesterol and triglycerides levels. Mean HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the PCOS group (p=0.03). Mean fasting serum insulin and calculated HOMA-IR were higher in the PCOS group (14.2±7.2 vs. 9.1±4.1μU/mL, p<0.001, and 3.1±1.8 vs. 2.3±1.1, p=0.01 respectively). VFA was similar in patients with PCOS and in the control group. Conclusions. Obese women with PCOS have no preponderant accumulation of visceral fat, compared with weight/age-matched controls. Our data suggest that the distribution of fat to visceral depots is unlikely to be the entire explanation for the metabolic abnormalities observed in women with PCOS.
Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and Underlying Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - Independent Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Suceveanu Andra-Iulia , Mazilu Laura , Catrinoiu Doina , Suceveanu Adrian-Paul , Voinea Felix , Parepa Irinel-Raluca 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground and Aims. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies. Obesity, together with the underlying liver steatosis, has received increased attention as a risk factor for HCC. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is also reported to be associated with HCC. We aimed to estimate the risk of HCC in obese and diabetic patients. Material and method. We prospectively analyzed 414 obese and diabetic patients, over a period of 5 years. We evaluated all patients using screening methods such as abdominal ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein every 6 month, in order to detect HCC occurrence. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated the cumulative incidence of HCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis assessed the association between HCC and obesity. Results. Median follow-up was 4.3 years. 11 from 77 cirrhotic obese patients, and 18 from 150 non-cirrhotic obese patients developed HCC (p=ns). 7 from 51 patients with DM and cirrhosis, and 14 from 136 non-cirrhotic patients with DM developed HCC (p=ns). The cumulative incidence of HCC was 2.8%, respectively 2.6%, in cirrhotic patients with obesity or DM, compared with 2.2%, respectively 2.0%, in non-cirrhotic patients with obesity or DM (p=ns). Conclusion. Obesity and DM, along with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), seems to be independent risk factors for HCC occurrence.
Nutritional Deficiencies Associated to Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Zetu Cornelia , Munteanu Rubin , Parasca Raluca , Ionescu-Tîrgovişte Constantin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObesity is an epidemic disease, increasingly addressed through surgical options for weight loss. Benefits of these surgical procedures, such as weight loss and improvement of obesity-related co-morbidities, are well established. However, postoperative complications do occur. Deficiencies in micronutrients, which include water and fat-soluble vitamins and minerals, are common after bariatric surgery. Recognition of the clinical signs and symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies is important to minimize long-term adverse effects.
Contribution of Root-Knot Nematodes to Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Timper P. , Wilson D. M. , Holbrook C. C. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
Peanut kernels are susceptible to colonization by some species of Aspergillus which, under conditions of drought and high temperatures, can produce aflatoxins prior to harvest. The objective of this research was to determine the mechanism by which the peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) increases aflatoxin contamination in peanut. Research determined 1) the role of nematode infection of roots vs. pods in increased aflatoxin contamination and 2) whether increased aflatoxin production in nematode-infected peanut is due to a greater percentage of small or immature kernels. An additional objective was to determine whether a peanut cultivar with resistance to M. arenaria would reduce the risk of preharvest aflatoxin contamination. In the greenhouse, researchers physically separated root growth from pod set and inoculated each location with M. arenaria or a water control in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 12–15 replications. Of the six trials conducted, data indicated that pod and root infection by M. arenaria was associated with elevated aflatoxin concentrations in one and three trials, respectively. This suggests that root infection by the nematode can increase aflatoxin concentrations in the peanut kernel. Another 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted with two peanut genotypes (Tifguard and TifGP-2) and two nematode treatments (with and without M. arenaria) with six replications. The cultivar Tifguard is resistant to M. arenaria and TifGP-2 is susceptible. The experiment was carried out in 24 field microplots equipped with a rainout shelter. The experiment was conducted five times from 2006 to 2010. Infection of TifGP-2 by M. arenaria did not lead to greater percentages of small kernels. In only one year (2007), nematodes appeared to increase the percentage of damaged kernels, though aflatoxin concentrations were not affected by nematodes in that year. In the rainout shelter experiment, 2006 was the only year where nematode infection of peanut increased aflatoxin concentrations. In that year, there were lower aflatoxin concentrations in the nematode-resistant cultivar Tifguard than the susceptible germplasm TifGP-2 (12 vs. 136 ng/g).
Evaluation of Peanut Agrochemical Efficacy in Situations where Spray Solution Application is Delayed
Authors: Eure P.M. , Jordan D.L. , Fisher L.R. , York A.C. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
The effect of delayed application of spray solutions is poorly understood with respect to efficacy of fungicides, insecticides, inoculants, and plant growth regulators commonly used in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Research was conducted in North Carolina during 2009 and 2010 to determine if tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds) control by acephate; early leaf spot (caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hori) and late leaf spot (caused by Cercosporidium personatum Berk. and Curt.) control by chlorothalonil, prothioconazole plus tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole; Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger) control by boscalid and fluazinam; and improvement in row visibility by prohexadione calcium were affected by the time interval between solution preparation and application. Performance of the inoculant Bradyrhizobium was also compared when prepared in 25 different sources of water when application was delayed after preparation of solutions. Agrochemicals and prohexadione calcium solutions were prepared the d of application or 3, 6, and 9 d prior to application with all solutions applied on the same d. Similarly, inoculant solutions were prepared the d of application or 4 and 8 d prior to application and applied on the same d. Performance of fungicides, insecticides, inoculant, and prohexadione calcium was not reduced in most instances when left in spray solution up to 8 or 9 d. The magnitude of difference in efficacy was minor when differences were observed.
The Celebrated Monsieur Desnoyer, Part 1: 1721–1733
Authors: Goff Moira 
Published: July 2013

George Desnoyer first danced in London in 1721 and 1722, and returned to pursue a successful performing career there between 1731 and 1742. He may have been born around 1700 in Hanover, for he was the son of the dancing master ‘Denoyé’ employed by Georg Ludwig Elector of Hanover (later King George I of England) from at least 1694. 1 Musicians named ‘Desnoyers’ can be found in Paris records from the 1650s. 2 The elder Desnoyer may have been related to Antoine Desnoyers, who was a member of the ‘violons de la Chambre’ at the court of Louis XIV from at least the late 1670s until about 1694. 3 He may also have been the Desnoyers who danced in the 1689 and 1690 revivals at the Paris Opéra of Lully's Atys and Cadmus et Hermione respectively. 4 Whatever his lineage, George Desnoyer was already a skilled exponent of French belle dance style and technique when he first appeared in London, at the Drury Lane Theatre, early in 1721. Desnoyer's father died on 18 April 1721, and he was presumably appointed to succeed him for he left England during the summer of 1722 to become dancing master to George I's grandson Prince Frederick, who had remained in Hanover. His appointment at the electoral court formally ended early in 1730, and the following year Desnoyer returned to London. He was billed as ‘first dancer to the King of Poland’ when he appeared at Drury Lane in late 1731, and for the next few years he divided his time between London, Dresden and Warsaw. Desnoyer's London career lasted until 1742. Over the years, he performed solos, duets and group dances as well as appearing in a variety of afterpieces, and he enjoyed notable partnerships with several leading female dancers. Although virtually all the choreographies he performed are lost, there is much other evidence to shed light on Desnoyer's dancing style and technique. I have documented the lives and careers, as dancing masters, of George Desnoyer and his son Philip elsewhere. 5 In this article I will explore and analyse George Desnoyer's repertoire during his first two periods in London, 1721–1722 and 1731–1733. In a second article, I will look at his repertoire and his dancing partnerships between 1734 and his retirement from the London stage in 1742. 6
Investigation of Viral Escape Mutations within HCV P7 during Treatment with Amantadine in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Vermehren Annika , Welsch Christoph , Elsler Ulrike , Vermehren Johannes , Herrmann Eva , Sarrazin Christoph , Von Wagner Michael , Susser Simone , Hofmann Wolf Peter , Kronenberger Bernd , Zeuzem Stefan , Mihm Ulrike 
Published: July 2013

Background Combination of several direct-acting antiviral agents will be necessary to overcome viral resistance in interferon-free treatment regimens for chronic HCV infection. HCV p7 inhibitors may be part of such combination regimens. Understanding why amantadine, despite showing inhibition of HCV p7 in vitro, appears ineffective in clinical trials, may help in the design of novel HCV p7 inhibitors. So far it is unknown whether viral escape mutations within HCV p7 explain the ineffectiveness of amantadine in vivo. Methods Pretreatment HCV p7 was directly sequenced in 157 consecutive patients with chronic HCV genotype 1b infection who had been treated with amantadine/placebo plus pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-α2a/ribavirin within a multicentre clinical trial. Triple therapy was preceded by 2 weeks of amantadine/placebo monotherapy. In nine patients, clonal sequencing was performed at baseline and after 2 weeks of amantadine/placebo monotherapy. Results Changes of the relative frequency of amino acid substitutions by ≥20% between pretreatment and week 2 of monotherapy were considered potential resistance mutations if they were only found in patients receiving amantadine but not in patients receiving placebo. Seven substitutions fulfilling these criteria were identified in the subset of patients with clonal sequencing. However, none of these substitutions were associated with treatment outcome in the complete cohort of patients receiving triple therapy with amantadine. Conclusions Potential viral escape mutations within HCV p7 do not seem to play a major role for treatment response to antiviral therapy with amantadine and PEG-IFN-α2a/ribavirin in patients with chronic HCV genotype 1b infection.
Symbolique de la haute mer et exacerbation identitaire. De l'invention d'une tradition à ses usages politiques
Authors: Leloup Yves 
Published: July 2013

En 1975, une équipe de piroguiers tahitiens revient victorieuse d’une course hauturière organisée à Hawaii. En raison, d’une médiatisation sans précédent, la course de haute mer – épreuve sportive jusque-là inconnue en Polynésie française – acquiert en quelques semaines une popularité singulière. Rapidement, acteurs politiques, instances territoriales et nationales s’intéressent alors à l’évolution des représentations populaires de la pirogue, dont la pratique sportive s’avère être un point d’ancrage matériel majeur pour retisser une identité culturelle ma’ohi . Une tradition sportive est bientôt réinventée au travers de l’éclosion pléthorique de « courses marathon » de haute mer. Support de visées tantôt identitaires, électoralistes où autonomistes, l’image fédératrice du sport pirogue devient enjeu d’influences et de pouvoir.
Pour une génétique généralisée : l’approche des processus à l’âge numérique
Authors: Biasi Pierre-Marc de 
Published: July 2013

À côté d’une génétique des textes littéraires, on admet la légitimité et l’opérativité d’une génétique des arts, des sciences et des techniques. On ne parle plus de « critique génétique » mais plutôt de « génétique ». Pourquoi ? Parce que cette approche ne se situe pas sur le même plan que les méthodologies critiques. Son but est moins d’interpréter des œuvres, que de comprendre des processus, moyennant une épochè herméneutique. Sa singularité est d’importer sur la scène critique des masses de documents inachevés : les indices d’une genèse qu’il s’agit de reconstituer. C’est grâce à l’informatique que la génétique a pris naissance et qu’elle a pu se développer, mais le numérique s’est imposé comme médium unique de la création contemporaine. Est-ce la fin de la génétique ? Non, au contraire. Avec l’ère électronique la génétique se trouve placée devant le défi de devenir une discipline transversale : une science des processus, partenaire privilégié pour les sciences de la cognition.
Pour une didactique du prérédactionnel
Authors: Lumbroso Olivier 
Published: July 2013

Cet article se pose la question suivante : comment aider l’élève à entrer dans l’écriture narrative ? À partir d’expérimentations réalisées à différents niveaux de classe, l’article propose quelques pistes didactiques afin de développer chez l’élève des capacités à programmer l’écrit à l’état natif, et ce en amont du classique premier jet que représente en général le « brouillon ». En effet, que le support soit un croquis, un scénario, un plan détaillé, une liste, ou des autoconsignes, il semble essentiel d’offrir à l’élève un espace du projet d’écriture dans lequel il puisse prévoir ce qu’il veut faire, peut faire et sait faire. Donner à l’élève l’opportunité de forger son propre métatexte génétique semble une voie possible pour développer l’autonomie et la motivation à entrer dans un projet propre et une poïétique à soi. Il apparaît que la compétence programmatique peut déplacer la perspective sur l’écriture en verbalisant explicitement des intentions esthétiques, un souci du lecteur, l’anticipation des structures du texte. La didactique du rédactionnel au cœur des recherches des trente dernières années se voit ainsi complétée par une didactique du prérédactionnel qui nourrit efficacement la préparation du texte.
Pour une histoire sociale de l’écriture
Authors: Artières Philippe 
Published: July 2013

La génétique textuelle témoigne, aux yeux de l’historien, un moment de l’histoire des savoirs sur l’écriture ; elle constitue également un outil pour interroger les archives, notamment privées, une fois levé un certain nombre d’obstacles épistémologiques. Ce savoir peut ainsi participer du programme d’une histoire sociale de l’écriture produite à partir des strates graphiques d’une époque.
Psychologie cognitive et production écrite : de l’effet « épistémique » à la catalyse
Authors: Pétillon Sabine 
Published: July 2013

Dans cet article, l’auteur propose un parallèle entre l’approche psycho-cognitive de la production écrite et le modèle qu’en a proposé la critique génétique. Notamment, il est question de voir en quoi l’écriture « à programme » rejoint (ou pas) ce que les psychologues appellent le schéma-driven text, et d’examiner également comment l’écriture dite « romantique » (disons « sans plan » dans la terminologie des psychologues) rejoint l’écriture à « déclenchement automatique » de la critique génétique. On propose également une application de ces problématiques à travers les manuscrits de Michel Leiris.