bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of cross‐sectional root canal shape on filled canal volume and remaining root filling material after retreatment
Authors: Rechenberg D.‐K. , Paqué F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo assess the impact of cross‐sectional root canal shape (CSRCS) on the canal volume that can be filled and the root filling material that remains following a subsequent retreatment procedure.MethodologyA total of 15 extracted two‐rooted human maxillary premolars and 15 mandibular first molars were used. Both root canals in the premolars (N = 30) and the distal root canal in the molars (N = 15) were prepared using ProFile instruments and filled by lateral compaction using gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer. Canals were later retreated using the last ProFile used for instrumentation followed by two ProFiles of increasing size. Teeth were viewed in a μCT scanner before and after each treatment step. Defined and validated threshold levels were used to differentiate empty root canal volumes, root dentine and root filling materials from each other. CSRCS was defined as the averaged ratio between bucco‐lingual and mesio‐distal canal diameter (round ≤ 1, oval 1–2, long oval 2–4 and flattened ≥ 4), determined for each 1 mm over the total root length. Data were averaged between the two canals in premolars, only the distal canals were assessed in molars. Parametric and non‐parametric tests were used to statistically compare the data, alpha = 0.01.ResultsCanals in premolars had a round CSRCS after preparation (1.0 ± 0.0), whereas distal counterparts in molars were oval (1.6 ± 0.5). Significantly (P < 0.01) more canal volume could be filled, and significantly less filling material remained after retreatment in premolars compared with mandibular molar distal canals. There was a high correlation between CSRCS, filled canal volume and remaining filling material.ConclusionsThe endodontic procedures under investigation were significantly influenced by the cross‐sectional root canal shape.
Immortalization and characterization of human dental papilla cells with odontoblastic differentiation
Authors: Yang G. B. , Li X. Y. , Yuan G. H. , Liu H. , Fan M. W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo establish a cell line of immortalized human dental papilla cells (hDPCs).MethodologyPrimary hDPCs were cultured and infected with lentivirus containing the hTERT gene. Integration and transcription of the hTERT gene were verified by PCR. The characteristics of the cells, such as morphology, proliferation and mineralization, were analysed. Also, the expression of odontoblastic‐related markers including ALP, DMP1, DLX3, OSX, DSP and Nestin, was detected by immunohistochemistry and real‐time RT‐PCR.ResultshTERT gene was integrated into genomic DNA of immortalized cells (hDPC‐TERT) and transcribed into mRNA. With long‐time culture, hDPC‐TERT bypassed senescence and grew over 120 population doublings. hDPC‐TERT cells have a higher proliferation rate, but retain the phenotypic characteristics of the primary hDPCs, and so was ALP activity and mineralization activity. Furthermore, the hDPC‐TERT cells express no DSP and Nestin with maintenance medium, but highly expressed DSP and Nestin after odontoblastic induction.ConclusionsA line of immortalized human dental papilla cells, which remains in an undifferentiated state and has odontoblastic differentiation potential, was established. This cell line can be used as a cell model for studying the mechanism of the initiation of odontoblast differentiation.
Isolation and identification of high pressure‐resistant bacteria naturally contaminating strawberry pulp
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Wang Siyuan , Zhang LiYun , Wu Jihong , Xu Zenghui , Liao Xiaojun , Hao Yanling , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe inactivation of bacteria naturally present in strawberry pulp was investigated after high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment at pressure levels up to 600 MPa at 25 °C for 5 ~ 25 min. Five strains of pressure‐resistant bacteria designated as A, B, C, D and E were isolated and identified. The five strains were gram‐positive, spore‐forming, rods or rod in chains. Growth of the strains was observed at 30 ~ 45 °C, and strain B also grew well at 55 °C. They could produce acid from glucose and were catalase‐positive. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the five strains belonged to the genus Bacillus. Strain A and D exhibited the greatest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99% with B. licheniformis and B. firmus, respectively. By combination of phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain C was B. mycoides and E was B. pumilus. On the basis of physiological and biochemical characteristics, gyrB gene sequences analysis and whole‐cell fatty acids analysis, strain B was B. amyloliquefaciens. Further studies showed that strain B (B. amyloliquefaciens) exhibited the highest pressure resistance, and it was reduced by 4.62‐log after treatment at 600 MPa for 25 min at 25 °C as the most effective observed inactivation.
Interaction between lactic acid bacteria and food‐borne pathogens on putrescine production in ornithine‐enriched broth
Authors: Kuley Esmeray , Balikci Esra , Özogul İlyas , Cengiz Derya 
Published: October 2012

SummaryInteractions of mixed cultures [lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and food‐borne pathogens (FBP)] on putrescine (PUT) as well as other biogenic amines (BAs) production were investigated in ornithine‐enriched broth. Significant differences in BAs production were found among the bacterial strains (P < 0.05). Conversion of ornithine into PUT by Salmonella Paratyphi A and Aeromonas hydrophila as well as Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was high (>75 mg L−1), whereas other bacterial strains yielded below 50 mg L−1 of PUT. LAB strains resulted in significant reduction in PUT by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae, except for Escherichia coli, which was stimulated more than two‐fold PUT in the presence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Lactobacillus plantarum had generally inhibition effect on histamine (HIS) and tyramine production by FBP, whereas Lc. lactic subsp. lactic slightly stimulated HIS by E. coli and A. hydrophila. Streptococcus thermophilus resulted in 1.5‐fold higher HIS formation by bacteria (10 mg L−1). Consequently, the interaction between LAB and specific FBP might result in significant inhibition of amine accumulation, if the correct LAB strains are used.
Determination of reaction kinetics of hydrolysis of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) protein for manipulating production of bioactive peptides with antioxidant activity, angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme inhibitory activity and Ca‐binding properties
Authors: Charoenphun Narin , Youravong Wirote , Cheirsilp Benjamas 
Published: October 2012

SummaryTo manipulate enzymatic hydrolysis of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) muscle protein for production of bioactive peptides, its reaction kinetics was intensively studied. The study showed that the production of peptides with different bioactive properties including antioxidant activity, angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and Ca‐binding property and their kinetics were affected by the degree of hydrolysis and substrate concentration. A comparative study on reaction kinetics found that the kinetic parameters for the production of each bioactive peptide are unique, that is, the maximum initial velocity, Vmax, for hydrolysis of protein was as high as 1.07 mg mL−1 min−1, but that for the production of peptides with antioxidant activity and Ca‐binding property were very low, range of 7.14–66.7 μg mL−1 min−1, and that for the production of peptides with ACE inhibitory activity was the lowest, at 2.57 μg mL−1 min−1. This knowledge of reaction kinetics of protein hydrolysis would be useful for manipulating and optimising the production of peptides with desired bioactive properties.
A spectrophotometric method for the detection of carboxymyoglobin in beef drip
Authors: Droghetti Enrica , Focardi Claudia , Nocentini Mila , Smulevich Giulietta 
Published: October 2012

SummaryA spectrophotometric method, based on the electronic absorption and second‐derivative spectra of beef drip, has been developed to detect the amount of carbon monoxide bound to myoglobin in treated beef samples. The method has been validated following the criteria reported in the Eurachem guides. The limit of detection, equal to 0.14 μm, has been evaluated analysing ten blank samples, taking into account the mean concentration and the resulting standard deviations. The accuracy of the method has been studied in terms of trueness and precision; the first is expressed as per cent recovery (always exceeding 90%) and the second as relative standard deviation. The method is easy, rapid and allows one to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the CO concentration in the meat drip, by simply measuring in the UV–Vis spectrum of an unknown sample the absorbance values at three specific wavelengths: 423, 429 and 434 nm.
Chemical characterisation of pasture‐ and grain‐fed beef related to meat quality and flavour attributes
Authors: Tansawat Rossarin , Maughan Curtis A. J. , Ward Robert E. , Martini Silvana , Cornforth Daren P. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThis study examined pasture (PF) and grain feeding (GF) effects on meat quality and nutritional attributes, and correlated sensory attributes with cooked meat volatiles. GF rib steaks had higher fat content (P < 0.05), and were lighter, redder and more yellow (P < 0.05). PF beef contained more (P < 0.05) omega‐3 fatty acids, despite having lower fat content. PF beef had higher antioxidant capacity, and lower oxidation indices (P < 0.05). Diets influenced the volatile profile of cooked meat. Flavour descriptors barny, gamey and grassy were associated with PF, and were uniquely shown here to be positively correlated with aroma volatiles benzaldehyde, toluene, dimethyl sulfone, 3‐heptanone, 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (P < 0.05). GF beef had higher (P < 0.05) levels of hexanal, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, 2,3‐octandione, and 2,6‐bis(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐4‐ethyl‐phenol, uniquely associated with umami and juicy flavours. The main positive nutritional attribute of PF beef was its low fat content.
Suppressive ability of selected fodder plants on the growth of Parthenium hysterophorus
Authors: KHAN N , O’DONNELL C , GEORGE D , ADKINS S W 
Published: October 2012

SummaryParthenium hysterophorus is an invasive weed in Australian rangelands. It displaces valuable fodder plants and causes significant production losses within the cattle industry. Glasshouse screening trials were used to test 20 selected fodder species (test species) for their suppressive ability against P. hysterophorus growth. The trials used two planting densities (four or six plants per pot) and five planting frequencies. Each density by planting frequency was replicated three times. The dry shoot biomass of the test species was used to calculate a suppression index, in order to rank the relative suppressive abilities of the test plants. Setaria incrassata, Panicum maxicum and Cenchrus ciliaris were ranked as strongly suppressive, while Astrebla squarrosa, Bothriochloa pertusa, Themeda triandra, Astrebla elymoides, Bothriochloa decipens, Eulalia aurea and Lablab purpureus were moderately suppressive. The other test species had only poor suppressive abilities. A second glasshouse trial assessed the growth characteristics of the test plants at 13, 27 or 40 days after transplantation (DAT). Test species that strongly suppressed the growth of Parthenium hysterophorus had several attributes that included the ability to attain a greater height, the rapid production of tillers or a branched canopy and an extensive leaf area and root system; these growth attributes were present as early as 13 DAT. The present glasshouse screening approach identified several fodder species for further testing in field trials, and because the attributes that allow the test species to suppress Parthenium hysterophorus are present at the earliest stages of the plant’s life cycle, a rapid screening method is proposed that assesses these attributes at 27 DAT.
Mortality from acquired bullous diseases of skin in Canadian adults 2000–2007
Authors: Baibergenova Akerke T. , Weinstock Martin A. , Shear Neil H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground  Bullous skin diseases are known to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There have been no studies on mortality from severe bullous skin diseases in Canada.Methods  We used mortality data from the Statistics Canada website from 2000 to 2007 for three major bullous skin diseases: bullous pemphigoid; pemphigus; and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Crude and age‐standardized mortality rates were calculated and compared with the corresponding US mortality rates. Linear regression was used to assess time trend and effect of gender and age on mortality rates.Results  During the period of eight years, there were 115 deaths attributed to pemphigoid, 84 to pemphigus, and 44 to TEN. The crude annual mortality rate was the highest for pemphigoid (0.045 per 100,000), followed by pemphigus (0.033), and TEN (0.017). None of these conditions demonstrated significant time trends in mortality rates over the eight‐year period, although a trend towards decreasing pemphigus mortality was observed (P = 0.07). No gender difference in mortality was observed, but advanced age was associated with mortality in all three conditions.Conclusion  Among bullous skin diseases, pemphigoid is the leading cause of mortality in Canada. This is in contrast to the USA, where TEN is the leading cause of mortality from bullous skin diseases. It is not clear whether differences in healthcare systems explain these findings.
Histopathology attributes of Fox–Fordyce disease
Authors: Brau Javier Cristina N. , Morales Adisbeth , Sanchez Jorge L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground  Fox–Fordyce disease is a rare chronic papular condition with a very characteristic clinical presentation but a nonspecific histopathology. Its traditionally described histopathologic features have been criticized as variable and indistinct. Recently, a perifollicular infiltrate of histiocytes with foamy cytoplasm has been described as a consistent and reliable diagnostic finding.Methods  To evaluate the traditional and most recently described histopathologic and immunohistochemical attributes of Fox–Fordyce disease, we performed a computerized search of specimens in two dermatopathologic databases in Puerto Rico from the years 2000–2010. An additional specimen was donated by a dermatopathologist from an outside institution. Three cases were evaluated using hematoxylin–eosin‐stained sections. The tip of an axillary lipoma excision specimen was used as the control tissue. Periodic acid‐Schiff, colloidal iron, and immunoperoxidase staining for CD68 and c‐kit (CD117) were performed in all specimens.Results  We were able to verify traditionally described histological features such as infundibulum dilation, hyperkeratosis, plugging, acanthosis, and lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. Infundibular spongiosis was also common. A perifollicular foam cell infiltrate was the most distinct pathologic feature among our cases. The periodic acid‐Schiff staining patterns suggested that the foam cell cytoplasm material might be similar in nature to the apocrine gland secretion content.Conclusions  Our results confirmed that a perifollicular foam cell infiltrate is the most distinct histopathologic feature. In addition, findings suggest that the intracytoplasmic foam cell material may be similar in nature to the apocrine gland secretion.
Molecular diagnostic strategies: a role in the practice of dermatology
Authors: Elaba Zendee , Phelps Amanda , Murphy Michael J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMolecular diagnostic strategies are gaining wider acceptance and use in dermatology and dermatopathology as more practitioners in this field develop an understanding of the principles and applications of genomic technologies. Molecular testing is facilitating more accurate diagnosis, staging, and prognostication, in addition to guiding the selection of appropriate treatment, monitoring of therapy, and identification of novel therapeutic targets, for a wide variety of skin diseases.
Specialized dermatological care for marginalized populations and education at the primary care level: is community dermatology a feasible proposal?
Authors: Estrada Roberto , Chavez‐Lopez Guadalupe , Estrada‐Chavez Guadalupe , Paredes‐Solis Sergio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSkin diseases have a very high frequency either in developed as well as in undeveloped countries. Guerrero, Chiapas, and Oaxaca are the most impoverished states in Mexico, where 24% of the population lacks basic health care, and only 15% are estimated to have access to specialists. Community Dermatology program was founded in 1991 with the intention of improving the dermatological health of remote, marginalized inhabitants of the state of Guerrero. The program consists of a two‐day visit to a pre‐selected community; the first day includes a basic dermatology training course for local providers, and day 2 is a “Jornada”,which means a day of free medical consultation and treatment. Pityriasis albus Cloasma, vitiligo, and acne continue to be the most frequent diagnosed primary disorders, as in rural areas occupational obligations include prolonged sun exposure. The experience and success of Community Dermatology over the last 20 years has demonstrated that this model of healthcare delivery and instruction is economically feasible, provides practical and quantifiable benefits for the communities served, and could be emulated by other disciplines within medicine.
Phenytoin induces in vitro melanocyte proliferation
Authors: Porojan Daniela , Bâldea Ioana , Achim Marcela , Cosgarea Rodica 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground Phenytoin (5,5 diphenylhydantoin), a widely‐used anticonvulsant, has been employed both topically and systemically in the treatment of some dermatological disorders. Immunological and non‐immunological defects suggests that phenytoin could be therapeutically effective for vitiligo repigmentation.Aim of study The first objective was to evaluate the effect of phenytoin on cultures of normal human melanocytes and to assess cytotoxicity of the substance using colorimetric methods. The second objective was to select the topical product that releases phenytoin best and fastest, for further clinical studies in vitiligo patients.Materials and methods In the first part of the study, we exposed normal human epidermal melanocyte cultures at 5,5 diphenylhydantoin at different concentrations. Melanocyte proliferation was evaluated using colorimetric assays (MTS assay), by measuring the absorbance at 490 nm with an ELISA plate reader. In the second part of the study, we formulated and obtained three types of phenytoin topical preparations: gel, hydrophilic cream, and ointment, for evaluation of the in vitro phenytoin release.Results The statistical analysis revealed that at low concentrations (0.1, 0.5 μg/ml), phenytoin stimulates growth and cellular proliferation in melanocyte cultures. The in vitro study of drug release indicated that gel formulation gives the highest phenytoin release.Conclusions Our result indicates that topical applications of low concentrations of phenytoin may have beneficial effects in vitiligo, which justifies its further testing on clinical trials. Our gel formulation occurred to be the most suitable for the clinical studies.
Donor motivation in Xi’an, China: comparison with Canadian donors
Authors: O’Brien S. F. , Shao Z.‐J. , Osmond L. , Yi Q.‐L. , Li C.‐Y. , An Q.‐X. 
Published: October 2012

Background and Objectives  In China, paid donation is prohibited by law. There is little literature assessing donor motivation in China, and comparison with western countries such as Canada is important in understanding the application of Western literature. We compared motivational factors in donors from the city of Xi’an, China, with Canadian donors matched for age, sex and donation status.Materials and Methods  A total of 218 donors in Xi’an completed an interview about motivation as did 218 Canadian donors matched for age, sex and donation status. Frequencies and percentages of responses to questions were tabulated and compared using the Chi‐squared test.Results  Donors in Xi’an and Canada felt a personal responsibility to donate blood (81·2% vs. 78·0%, P = 0·2057), but Xi’an donors were more likely to consider blood donation a social responsibility (81·7% vs. 45·2%, P < 0·0001). Xi’an donors more often believed that society views donation as a normal activity (98·6% vs. 48·4%, P < 0·0001) and that the social atmosphere promotes donation (90·3% vs. 53·5%, P < 0·0001) and saw greater health benefit (52·3% vs. 12·5%, P < 0·0001). Most Xi’an donors believed in balance between their life force (Qi) and blood (86·7% vs. 49·8%, P < 0·0001) but did not believe blood lost from donating would affect this (0·5% vs. 3·8%, P = 0·01).Conclusion  While traditional Chinese beliefs may not be seen as a barrier among people in Xi’an who donate blood, blood donation is seen differently than by Canadian donors. There is a need for more research specific to China to tailor recruitment strategies.
Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the World Health Organization‐Five Well‐Being Index in elderly
Authors: Lucas‐Carrasco Ramona 
Published: October 2012

AimsThe World Health Organization (WHO)‐Five Well‐being Index (WHO‐5) is a short 5‐item index designed to assess the level of emotional well‐being. The positive questions of the WHO‐5, shifted towards measuring cheerfulness and the level of energy, work in the screening of depression. This paper describes the psychometric properties of the Spanish WHO‐5 in older persons.MethodsA total of 199 participants from community centers and primary care centers participated in the study completing a battery of measures: WHO‐5, Quality of Life (WHOQOL‐BREF), depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS‐15]), as well as health and sociodemographic information. Analysis was performed using standard psychometric methods.ResultsInternal consistency reliability was good (Cronbach's α = 0.86). Exploratory factor analysis showed a one‐factor solution which accounted for 66% of the total variance of WHO‐5. Moderate–high correlations were found between WHO‐5 and the WHOQOL‐BREF and GDS‐15 were confirmed, indicating good convergent validity. Discriminative validity was confirmed by the ability of the WHO‐5 to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy and depressed and non‐depressed participants (as measured by the GDS‐15).ConclusionsThe WHO‐5 showed acceptable psychometric properties in elderly persons. It might be a useful tool to assess emotional well‐being and to detect depressive symptoms among older persons in primary care and community centers.