bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unified properties of supermassive black hole winds in radio-quiet and radio-loud AGN
Authors: Mestici S , Tombesi F , Gaspari M , Piconcelli E , Panessa F 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Powerful supermassive black hole (SMBH) winds in the form of ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) are detected in the X-ray spectra of several active galactic nuclei (AGNs) seemingly independently of their radio classification between radio quiet (RQ) and radio loud (RL). In this work, we explore the physical parameters of SMBH winds through a uniform analysis of a sample of X-ray bright RQ and RL AGN. We explored several correlations between different wind parameters and with respect to the AGN bolometric and Eddington luminosities. Our analysis shows that SMBH winds are not only a common trait of both AGN classes but also that they are most likely produced by the same physical mechanism. Consequently, we find that SMBH winds do not follow the radio-loudness dichotomy seen in jets. On average, a comparable amount of material accreted by the SMBH is ejected through such winds. The average wind power corresponds to about 3 per cent of the Eddington luminosity, confirming that they can drive AGN feedback. Moreover, the most energetic outflows are found in the most luminous sources. We find a possible positive correlation of the wind energetics, renormalized to the Eddington limit, with respect to $\lambda _{\mathrm{ Edd}}$, consistent with the correlation found with bolometric luminosity. We also observe a possible positive correlation between the energetics of the outflow and the X-ray radio-loudness parameter. In general, these results suggest an underlying relation between the acceleration mechanisms of accretion disc winds and jets.
FAST observations of neutral hydrogen in the interacting galaxies NGC 3395/3396
Authors: Yu Nai-Ping , Zhu Ming , Xu Jin-Long , Zhang Chuan-Peng , Yu Hai-Yang , Liu Xiao-Lan , Jiang Peng , Ai Mei 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We report on high-sensitivity neutral hydrogen observations toward the gas-rich interacting galaxies NGC 3395/3396 with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). Compared to previous observations carried out by the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT), a more extended H i envelope around this system has been detected. The total H i gas mass of the NGC 3395/3396 system is estimated to be 7.8 × 109 M$_\odot$. This value is 2.7 times more than that reported based on the VLA interferometric maps. Previous observations found a large H i tail extending to the south-west and a minor tail emerging from the north of this peculiar galaxy pair. Based on the high-sensitivity observations of FAST, an extended H i plume to the north-west and a gas plume to the north-east have been detected for the first time. Neutral hydrogen of the two smaller galaxies IC 2604 and IC 2608 in the south of the system have also been detected. We discuss the origins of these extra gas and possible tidal interactions between these galaxies. The most prominent tidal feature of NGC 3395/3396, the south-west tail combined with the new detected north-west plume, behaves like a large ring. We suggest the ring might be formed by the previous fly-by interaction between NGC 3395 and 3396, which happened 500 Myr ago. Our study shows that high-sensitivity H i observations are important in revealing low column density gas, which is crucial to a deeper understanding of this interacting system.
What Is Nietzschean Weakness of Will?
Authors: Lambert Thomas 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The notions of strength and weakness of will appear at central junctures in Nietzsche’s philosophy, figuring, for example, into his critique of modernity (BGE 212) and his engagement with the free will debate (BGE 21). Despite the centrality of these notions for Nietzsche’s philosophical project, little scholarly attention has been devoted to examining how Nietzsche actually conceives of strength and weakness of will. Instead, it is commonly assumed that Nietzsche simply follows his philosophical predecessors in identifying weakness with akrasia. In this paper, I challenge this reading, arguing that the primary kind of agential failure that Nietzsche associates with weakness is irresoluteness, understood as the failure to persist in one’s intentions.
A randomized crossover trial of regional anticoagulation modalities for intermittent haemodialysis
Authors: Faguer Stanislas , Serre Jean-Emmanuel , Brusq Clara , Bongard Vanina , Casemayou Audrey , Moranne Olivier , Pfirmann Pierre , Rafat Cédric , Cointault Olivier 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The optimal regional anticoagulation (RA) of dialysis filters in patients at risk of bleeding remains elusive. Inducing hypocalcaemia within the filter by using a calcium-free dialysate has emerged as an easy-to-use heparin-free RA, including in critically ill patients, but comparative studies are lacking.

Methods
We conducted a multicentre, randomized, crossover trial to compare the efficacy and tolerance of two RAs [heparin-coated membrane (HCM) and calcium-free dialysate (CFD) with calcium reinjection according to ionic dialysance] in patients requiring haemodialysis and at risk of bleeding. During the study period, each patient received two dialysis sessions (one with each RA in a randomly assigned order). The primary endpoint was the proportion of dialysis sessions completed (≥240 min).

Results
A total of 94 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis, including 16 critically ill patients (17.0%). Coagulation and inflammation parameters, as well as haemodynamic status at baseline, were balanced between groups. Premature coagulation of the filter occurred in 19 (20.9%) HCM sessions compared with 3 (3.2%) CFD sessions. In half of the sessions with premature termination, coagulation occurred before 180 min. The proportion of patients who completed the CFD session while failing to complete the HCM session (n = 17) was significantly higher than the proportion of patients who completed the HCM session while failing to complete the CFD session (n = 1; P &lt; .001). Haemodynamic and metabolic tolerance were not different between groups.

Conclusions
In individuals at risk of bleeding, RA with CFD significantly reduced the incidence of premature dialysis termination compared with HCM without safety concerns.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03842657.
PET imaging of gliomas: Status quo and quo vadis?
Authors: Galldiks Norbert , Lohmann Philipp , Friedrich Michel , Werner Jan-Michael , Stetter Isabelle , Wollring Michael M , Ceccon Garry , Stegmayr Carina , Krause Sandra , Fink Gereon R , Law Ian , Langen Karl-Josef , Tonn Joerg-Christian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
PET imaging, particularly using amino acid tracers, has become a valuable adjunct to anatomical MRI in the clinical management of patients with glioma. Collaborative international efforts have led to the development of clinical and technical guidelines for PET imaging in gliomas. The increasing readiness of statutory health insurance agencies, especially in European countries, to reimburse amino acid PET underscores its growing importance in clinical practice. Integrating artificial intelligence and radiomics in PET imaging of patients with glioma may significantly improve tumor detection, segmentation, and response assessment. Efforts are ongoing to facilitate the clinical translation of these techniques. Considerable progress in computer technology developments (eg quantum computers) may be helpful to accelerate these efforts. Next-generation PET scanners, such as long-axial field-of-view PET/CT scanners, have improved image quality and body coverage and therefore expanded the spectrum of indications for PET imaging in Neuro-Oncology (eg PET imaging of the whole spine). Encouraging results of clinical trials in patients with glioma have prompted the development of PET tracers directing therapeutically relevant targets (eg the mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase) for novel anticancer agents in gliomas to improve response assessment. In addition, the success of theranostics for the treatment of extracranial neoplasms such as neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer has currently prompted efforts to translate this approach to patients with glioma. These advancements highlight the evolving role of PET imaging in Neuro-Oncology, offering insights into tumor biology and treatment response, thereby informing personalized patient care. Nevertheless, these innovations warrant further validation in the near future.
Predicting prognosis outcomes of primary central nervous system lymphoma with high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapeutic treatment using lipidomics
Authors: Zhong Yi , Zhou Liying , Xu Jingshen , Huang He 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extranodal lymphomatous malignancy which is commonly treated with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX)-based chemotherapy. However, the prognosis outcome of HD-MTX-based treatment cannot be accurately predicted using the current prognostic scoring systems, such as the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) score.

Methods
We studied 2 cohorts of patients with PCNSL and applied lipidomic analysis to their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. After removing the batch effects and features engineering, we applied and compared several classic machine-learning models based on lipidomic data of CSF to predict the relapse of PCNSL in patients who were treated with HD-MTX-based chemotherapy.

Results
We managed to remove the batch effects and get the optimum features of each model. Finally, we found that Cox regression had the best prediction performance (AUC = 0.711) on prognosis outcomes.

Conclusions
We developed a Cox regression model based on lipidomic data, which could effectively predict PCNSL patient prognosis before the HD-MTX-based chemotherapy treatments.
Identification of mitochondrial ATP synthase as the cellular target of Ru-polypyridyl-β-carboline complexes by affinity-based protein profiling
Authors: Wang Wen-Jin , Ling Yu-Yi , Shi Yin , Wu Xiao-Wen , Su Xuxian , Li Zheng-Qiu , Mao Zong-Wan , Tan Cai-Ping 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes are promising anticancer candidates, while their cellular targets have rarely been identified, which limits their clinical application. Herein, we design a series of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes containing bioactive β-carboline derivatives as ligands for anticancer evaluation, among which Ru5 shows suitable lipophilicity, high aqueous solubility, relatively high anticancer activity and cancer cell selectivity. The subsequent utilization of a photo-clickable probe, Ru5a, serves to validate the significance of ATP synthase as a crucial target for Ru5 through photoaffinity-based protein profiling. Ru5 accumulates in mitochondria, impairs mitochondrial functions and induces mitophagy and ferroptosis. Combined analysis of mitochondrial proteomics and RNA-sequencing shows that Ru5 significantly downregulates the expression of the chloride channel protein, and influences genes related to ferroptosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Finally, we prove that Ru5 exhibits higher anticancer efficacy than cisplatin in vivo. We firstly identify the molecular targets of ruthenium polypyridyl complexes using a photo-click proteomic method coupled with a multiomics approach, which provides an innovative strategy to elucidate the anticancer mechanisms of metallo-anticancer candidates.
Tobacco Taxation in Spain: A Tax Laggard With a Brighter Possible Future
Authors: López-Nicolás Ángel , Branston J Robert , Ross Hana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
In recent years tobacco taxation in Spain has regressed, with its Tobacconomics tax scorecard falling from 3.9 points (out of 5) in 2014, to only 2.625 in 2020. The objective of this research is to provide a detailed analysis of the causes behind this deterioration and identify possible ways forward for reversing this trend.

Aims and Methods
A retrospective 2014–2022 analysis of manufactured cigarettes (FM) and roll-your-own tobacco (RYO) markets including tax structure/rates, affordability, retail price gaps across products, and price differentials with bordering countries. A market-level simulation model for 2028 studied the impact of various tax policy scenarios on smoking prevalence, premature deaths averted, smoking intensity, product substitution, government revenue, sales, and industry profit.

Results
A lack of tax increases in a context of inflation and income growth during the past 8 years means FM and RYO have become 13% more affordable, with a constant differential of €2 between 20 FM and RYO sticks, and the price gap between Spain and neighboring France increased. Modeling of two realistic reform scenarios that reduce/eliminate the price gap between FM and RYO suggest substantial increases in government revenues and up to 700 000 fewer smokers and 210 000 fewer premature deaths.

Conclusions
Current European Union (EU) legislation on tobacco taxes leaves ample room for much-needed tobacco tax reform. For the sake of both public health and the economy, Spain should increase its Minimum Excise Tax. This would not only save lives, but also bring much-needed revenue for the government.

Implications
The stance of Spain on tobacco taxes has deteriorated recently. This study argues that the failure of successive governments to raise minimum taxes in an inflationary context has made tobacco products more affordable, and quantifies the improvements in smoking prevalence and excise revenue that would accrue if the authorities act urgently increasing rates within realistic limits. Spain is representative of European countries where government inaction has rendered minimum tobacco taxes obsolete. Given the postponement of the revision of the EU Tobacco Tax Directive, this study highlights the need to act unilaterally within the existing legal framework.
Associations between effort–reward imbalance and risk of burnout among Swedish physicians
Authors: Christiansen F , Gynning B E , Lashari A , Johansson G , Brulin E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The high prevalence of burnout among Swedish physicians may have several possible effects on individuals and society. However, further investigations of work-related factors associated with the risk of burnout among Swedish physicians are needed.

Aims
We aimed to study the associations between psychosocial work factors, based on the effort–reward imbalance (ERI) model, and the risk of burnout among Swedish physicians.

Methods
A representative sample of 7200 Swedish physicians was invited in 2021. Data were gathered through questionnaires, with a response rate of 41%. Logistic regression models were used to study the associations between exposure to ERI and the risk of burnout.

Results
Approximately 62% of Swedish physicians were exposed to a high ERI. Exposure to a high ERI was associated with 11 times increased risk (95% confidence interval 6.5–20.0) of burnout in adjusted models. Large variations in the prevalence of ERI and risk of burnout across sociodemographic and occupational factors were identified, particularly across different clinical specialties.

Conclusions
A majority of Swedish physicians were exposed to high levels of work-related stress, strongly associated with an increased risk of burnout. This population-based cross-sectional study underlines the need to further study variations of work-related stress across clinical specialties and to monitor occupational health among physicians longitudinally.
Duration of coalition formation in the German states: Inertia and familiarity in a multilevel setting
Authors: Praprotnik Katrin , Thürk Maria , Krauss Svenja 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Only gradually, scholars began to show interest in party competition at the sub-national level. Yet, we still know very little about how long it takes until a regional government gets into office. To narrow this research gap, we examine the effect of previous government experience between parties at the regional and national levels. Government formation processes are expected to be faster if parties currently govern together—i.e. have inertia—or have previous government experience—i.e. have familiarity—at the regional and/or national level. We test our expectations by relying on a newly compiled, comprehensive dataset about government formation duration in Germany between 1949 and 2020. Our hypotheses are largely supported: parties are faster in forming coalition governments if they have inertia at the regional or national level and if they have national familiarity. Our results have important implications for our understanding of the interplay between the national and sub-national levels.
The normativity of gender discourse: A pragmatic approach
Authors: Knoll Viktoria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Many disputes about gender are normatively charged. To account for this, some suggest building normativity into the semantics of gender terms. I propose an alternative, pragmatic account. When speakers utter gender-attributing sentences of the form ‘Person A is of gender G’, they often pragmatically convey normative content about whether A should be categorized as G. After critically discussing the semantic approach, I motivate and discuss in detail this novel pragmatic view and elaborate on its compatibility with a number of semantic options.
Cross-sectional associations of low body mass index and being underweight with joint damage in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Pan Jie , Wu Tao , Zou Yao-Wei , Li Qi-Hua , Ouyang Zhi-Ming , Ma Jian-Da , Jia Pei-Wen , Zheng Hu-Wei , Lin Jian-Zi , Lu Ye , Yang Ying , Chen Le-Feng , Yang Kui-Min , Dai Jun , Dai Lie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To characterize BMI in Chinese patients with RA vs US patients and examine its association with joint damage in Chinese patients.

Methods
Each of the 1318 patients from a real-world Chinese RA population was first stratified by gender and then individually age-matched with one American RA patient from the US National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 1999–2018. Data on BMI, bilateral hand radiographs and risk factors at enrolment were collected but radiographs were unavailable for the American patients. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of BMI with radiographic joint damage (RJD) in Chinese patients.

Results
Chinese patients had a significantly lower BMI [(weighted) median 21.8 vs 29.8 kg/m2; P &lt; 0.001] and a higher prevalence of being underweight (15.2% vs 1.1%; P &lt; 0.05) than their American counterparts. Underweight Chinese patients (BMI &lt;18.5) had higher modified total Sharp scores (median 17 vs 10) and joint space narrowing (JSN) subscores (median 6 vs 2) (both P &lt; 0.05) than normal-weight patients (BMI ≥18.5–&lt;24). After controlling for confounding, continuous BMI was cross-sectionally negatively associated with RJD [adjusted prevalence odds ratio (OR) 0.90 (95% CI 0.85, 0.96)] and JSN [adjusted prevalence OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.87, 0.96)]; being underweight vs normal weight was associated with RJD [adjusted prevalence OR 2.14 (95% CI 1.37, 3.35)] and JSN [adjusted prevalence OR 1.77 (95% CI 1.10, 2.84)].

Conclusion
Low BMI and being underweight were cross-sectionally associated with joint damage in Chinese RA patients, especially JSN, suggesting the clinical importance of identifying underweight patients and focusing on weight gain to prevent joint damage.
Why Did Bank Stocks Crash during COVID-19?
Authors: Acharya Viral V , Engle Robert , Jager Maximilian , Steffen Sascha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A two-sided “credit-line channel”—relating to drawdowns and repayments—explains the severe drop and partial subsequent recovery in bank stock prices during the COVID-19 pandemic. Banks with greater exposure to undrawn credit lines saw larger stock price declines but performed better outside of crises periods. Despite deposit inflows, high drawdowns led to reduced bank lending, suggestive of capital encumbrance upon drawdowns. Repayments of credit lines unencumbered capital which explains the stock price recovery starting Q2 2020. Bank provision of credit lines resembles writing put options on aggregate risk, and we propose how to incorporate this feature into bank stress tests.
Digitalization, AI, and robotics for good care and work? German policy imaginaries of healthcare technologies
Authors: Breuer Svenja , Müller Ruth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Healthcare is being discussed as an increasingly important application domain for new digital, artificial intelligence–enabled, and robotic technologies. This area has garnered interest from policymakers who seek to harness technological advancements in their quest for providing adequate healthcare to aging populations and modernizing healthcare jobs. In this article, we analyze the sociotechnical imaginary of healthcare technology constructed in German public policy. We analyze 22 pertinent German policy documents from the years 2018–22, drawing on a conceptual frame of sociotechnical imaginaries and dramaturgical studies of futuring. Our analysis shows how healthcare is imagined as a sector in crisis, how technology is promoted as a solution, and how anticipated resistances to technological solutions are being met with the narratives of “technological assistance,” the provision of “good care,” and the facilitation of “good work” within the healthcare sector.
Whole Genomes Reveal Evolutionary Relationships and Mechanisms Underlying Gene-Tree Discordance inNeodiprionSawflies
Authors: Herrig Danielle K , Ridenbaugh Ryan D , Vertacnik Kim L , Everson Kathryn M , Sim Sheina B , Geib Scott M , Weisrock David W , Linnen Catherine R 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRapidly evolving taxa are excellent models for understanding the mechanisms that give rise to biodiversity. However, developing an accurate historical framework for comparative analysis of such lineages remains a challenge due to ubiquitous incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression. Here, we use a whole-genome alignment, multiple locus-sampling strategies, and summary-tree and single nucleotide polymorphism-based species-tree methods to infer a species tree for eastern North American Neodiprion species, a clade of pine-feeding sawflies (Order: Hymenopteran; Family: Diprionidae). We recovered a well-supported species tree that—except for three uncertain relationships—was robust to different strategies for analyzing whole-genome data. Nevertheless, underlying gene-tree discordance was high. To understand this genealogical variation, we used multiple linear regression to model site concordance factors estimated in 50-kb windows as a function of several genomic predictor variables. We found that site concordance factors tended to be higher in regions of the genome with more parsimony-informative sites, fewer singletons, less missing data, lower GC content, more genes, lower recombination rates, and lower D-statistics (less introgression). Together, these results suggest that ILS, introgression, and genotyping error all shape the genomic landscape of gene-tree discordance in Neodiprion. More generally, our findings demonstrate how combining phylogenomic analysis with knowledge of local genomic features can reveal mechanisms that produce topological heterogeneity across genomes.