bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of factor XIII subunits
Authors: Katona Éva , Pénzes Krisztina , Csapó Andrea , Fazakas Ferenc , Udvardy Miklós L. , Bagoly Zsuzsa , Orosz Zsuzsanna Z. , Muszbek László 
Published: January 2014

Key PointsThe Kd for the association of FXIII subunits is in the range of 10−10 M, and in plasma approximately 1% of FXIII-A2 exists in free form. The binding site for FXIII-A is located within the 2 N-terminal sushi domains of FXIII-B.
Cataract subtype risk factors identified from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey 2008–2010
Authors: Rim Tyler Hyung Taek , Kim Min-hyung , Kim Woon Cho , Kim Tae-Im , Kim Eung Kweon 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
To assess the socio-demographic and health-related risk factors associated with cataract subtypes in Korea.

Methods
A total of 11,591 participants (aged ≥40 years) were selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2008 and 2010. The Korean Ophthalmologic Society conducted detailed ophthalmologic examinations on these participants based on the Lens Opacity Classification System III. Risk factors for developing any type of cataract, and its subtypes (nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular and mixed), were identified from univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
The prevalence of cataracts was 40.1% (95% CI, 37.8 − 42.3%) in participants over 40 years old. Older age, lower monthly household income, lower education, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM) were independent risk factors for development of any cataract. Older age, lower monthly household income, lower education, hypercholesterolemia, and DM were independent risk factors for development of pure cortical cataracts. Older age, lower education, metabolic syndrome, and DM were independent risk factors for development of pure nuclear cataracts. Older age and DM were independent risk factors for development of pure posterior subcapsular cataracts. Older age, lower monthly household income, lower education, and DM were independent risk factors for development of mixed cataracts.

Conclusion
Although socioeconomic disparities are related to cataract development, this study identified several “modifiable” risk factors that may help to lower the incidence of cataracts and associated vision loss. Improved control of blood pressure, blood, glucose, and cholesterol may help to reduce the incidence of cataracts in the general Korean population.
Risk factors of postoperative recurrences in patients with clinical stage I NSCLC
Authors: Chen Ying-Yi , Huang Tsai-Wang , Tsai Wen-Chiuan , Lin Li-Fan , Cheng Jian-Bo , Chang Hung , Lee Shih-Chun 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Despite advances in radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and newly developed molecular targeting therapies, long-term survival after resection for patients with NSCLC remains less than 50%. We investigated factors predicting postoperative locoregional recurrences and distant metastases in patients with clinical stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after surgical resection.

Methods
All patients with clinical stage I NSCLC, who underwent surgical resection between January 2002 and June 2006, were reviewed retrospectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for patients with locoregional recurrences and distant metastases.

Results
A total of 261 patients were eligible. Overall survival was significant related to locoregional recurrences (P = 0.03) and distant metastases (P <0.001). There were significant differences of locoregional recurrence in tumor differentiation (P = 0.032) and advanced pathological stage (P = 0.002). In the group of distant metastases, there were significant differences in tumor differentiation (P = 0.035), lymphovascular space invasion (P = 0.031). Among the relationship between pattern of distant metastasis and clinicopathologic variables in patients with clinical stage I NSCLC, SUVmax (P = 0.02) and tumor size (P = 0.001) had significant differences. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, tumor differentiation is the only risk factor of postoperative outcome for locoregional recurrence and serum CEA (>3.5 ng/mL) is the predictor of distant metastasis.

Conclusions
Tumor differentiation and serum CEA were predictors of postoperative relapse for clinical stage I NSCLC after surgical resection. Risk factors of postoperative recurrence in patients with clinical stage I NSCLC may enable us to optimize the patient selection for postoperative adjuvant therapies or neoadjuvant treatment before surgery.
A maskless synthesis of TiO2-nanofiber-based hierarchical structures for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells with improved performance
Authors: Sabba Dharani , Agarwala Shweta , Pramana Stevin S , Mhaisalkar Subodh 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
TiO2 hierarchical nanostructures with secondary growth have been successfully synthesized on electrospun nanofibers via surfactant-free hydrothermal route. The effect of hydrothermal reaction time on the secondary nanostructures has been studied. The synthesized nanostructures comprise electrospun nanofibers which are polycrystalline with anatase phase and have single crystalline, rutile TiO2 nanorod-like structures growing on them. These secondary nanostructures have a preferential growth direction [110]. UV–vis spectroscopy measurements point to better dye loading capability and incident photon to current conversion efficiency spectra show enhanced light harvesting of the synthesized hierarchical structures. Concomitantly, the dye molecules act as spacers between the conduction band electrons of TiO2 and holes in the hole transporting medium, i.e., spiro-OMeTAD and thus enhance open circuit voltage. The charge transport and recombination effects are characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. As a result of improved light harvesting, dye loading, and reduced recombination losses, the hierarchical nanofibers yield 2.14% electrochemical conversion efficiency which is 50% higher than the efficiency obtained by plain nanofibers.
The apparency hypothesis applied to a local pharmacopoeia in the Brazilian northeast
Authors: Lozano Alejandro , Araújo Elcida Lima , Medeiros Maria Franco Trindade , Albuquerque Ulysses Paulino 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundData from an ethnobotanical study were analyzed to see if they were in agreement with the biochemical basis of the apparency hypothesis based on an analysis of a pharmacopeia in a rural community adjacent to the Araripe National Forest (Floresta Nacional do Araripe - FLONA) in northeastern Brazil. The apparency hypothesis considers two groups of plants, apparent and non-apparent, that are characterized by conspicuity for herbivores (humans) and their chemical defenses.MethodsThis study involved 153 interviewees and used semi-structured interviews. The plants were grouped by habit and lignification to evaluate the behavior of these categories in terms of ethnospecies richness, use value and practical and commercial importance. Information about sites for collecting medicinal plants was also obtained. The salience of the ethnospecies was calculated. G-tests were used to test for differences in ethnospecies richness among collection sites and the Kruskal-Wallis test to identify differences in the use values of plants depending on habit and lignifications (e.g. plants were classes as woody or non-woody, the first group comprising trees, shrubs, and lignified climbers (vines) and the latter group comprising herbs and non-lignified climbers). Spearman’s correlation test was performed to relate salience to use value and these two factors with the commercial value of the plants.ResultsA total of 222 medicinal plants were cited. Herbaceous and woody plants exhibited the highest ethnospecies richness, the non-woody and herbaceous plants had the most practical value (current use), and anthropogenic areas were the main sources of woody and non-woody medicinal plants; herbs and trees were equally versatile in treating diseases and did not differ with regard to use value. Trees were highlighted as the most commercially important growth habit.ConclusionsFrom the perspective of its biochemical fundamentals, the apparency hypothesis does not have predictive potential to explain the use value and commercial value of medicinal plants. In other hand, the herbaceous habit showed the highest ethnospecies richness in the community pharmacopeia, which is an expected prediction, corroborating the apparency hypothesis.
Local and scientific knowledge for assessing the use of fallows and mature forest by large mammals in SE Brazil: identifying singularities in folkecology
Authors: Prado Helbert Medeiros , Murrieta Rui Sérgio Sereni , Adams Cristina , Brondizio Eduardo Sonnewend 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background
Local ecological knowledge (LEK) has been discussed in terms of its similarities to and its potential to complement normative scientific knowledge. In this study, we compared the knowledge of a Brazilian quilombola population regarding the habitat use and life habits of large mammals with in situ recordings of the species. We also tested the hypothesis that quilombola LEK has a special focus on the anthropogenic portion of the landscape.

Methods
The habitats investigated were anthropogenic secondary forests and mature forests in the southeastern Atlantic coast of Brazil. We conducted the faunal survey using the camera-trap method. The sampling effort consisted of deploying 1,217 cameras/day in the mature forests and 1,189 cameras/day in the secondary forests. Statistical comparisons regarding the habitat use of the species were based on the randomization procedure. We interviewed 36 men who were more than 40 years old in the three communities studied. Informal, semi-structured and structured interviews were used. Two variables were considered in the LEK analyses: level of internal agreement and level of convergence with the scientific data.

Results
The camera trap sampling resulted in a total of 981 records. Animals such as opossums, tayras, armadillos and deer showed a non-selective pattern in the use of habitats. In contrast, the coati was more common in mature forests. We found that nearly 40% of the interviewees’ responses converged with the scientific data on the use of habitats. However, the LEK on the species’ life habits was highly convergent with the scientific data. The hypothesis that secondary forests would have a greater relevance for local knowledge was validated for four of the five analyzed species.

Conclusions
We suggest two principal considerations of ecological and ethnoecological interest: (1) In the Atlantic Forest of the Ribeira Valley, the secondary forests resulting from shifting cultivation were as attractive to the species as the mature forests; (2) The LEK has a special focus on the more anthropogenic portion of the landscape studied. Finally, we argue that this environmental focus in LEK is part of what makes it different from scientific knowledge and unique in its approach toward local environments.
Identification of conserved RNA secondary structures at influenza B and C splice sites reveals similarities and differences between influenza A, B, and C
Authors: Dela-Moss Lumbini I , Moss Walter N , Turner Douglas H 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Influenza B and C are single-stranded RNA viruses that cause yearly epidemics and infections. Knowledge of RNA secondary structure generated by influenza B and C will be helpful in further understanding the role of RNA structure in the progression of influenza infection.

Findings
All available protein-coding sequences for influenza B and C were analyzed for regions with high potential for functional RNA secondary structure. On the basis of conserved RNA secondary structure with predicted high thermodynamic stability, putative structures were identified that contain splice sites in segment 8 of influenza B and segments 6 and 7 of influenza C. The sequence in segment 6 also contains three unused AUG start codon sites that are sequestered within a hairpin structure.

Conclusions
When added to previous studies on influenza A, the results suggest that influenza splicing may share common structural strategies for regulation of splicing. In particular, influenza 3′ splice sites are predicted to form secondary structures that can switch conformation to regulate splicing. Thus, these RNA structures present attractive targets for therapeutics aimed at targeting one or the other conformation.
The languages of health in general practice electronic patient records: a Zipf’s law analysis
Authors: Kalankesh Leila R , New John P , Baker Patricia G , Brass Andy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundNatural human languages show a power law behaviour in which word frequency (in any large enough corpus) is inversely proportional to word rank - Zipf’s law. We have therefore asked whether similar power law behaviours could be seen in data from electronic patient records.ResultsIn order to examine this question, anonymised data were obtained from all general practices in Salford covering a seven year period and captured in the form of Read codes. It was found that data for patient diagnoses and procedures followed Zipf’s law. However, the medication data behaved very differently, looking much more like a referential index. We also observed differences in the statistical behaviour of the language used to describe patient diagnosis as a function of an anonymised GP practice identifier.ConclusionsThis works demonstrate that data from electronic patient records does follow Zipf’s law. We also found significant differences in Zipf’s law behaviour in data from different GP practices. This suggests that computational linguistic techniques could become a useful additional tool to help understand and monitor the data quality of health records.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of surface nanoarchitecture from two-dimensional datasets
Authors: Boshkovikj Veselin , Webb Hayden K , Pham Vy T H , Fluke Christopher J , Crawford Russell J , Ivanova Elena P 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The design of biomaterial surfaces relies heavily on the ability to accurately measure and visualize the three-dimensional surface nanoarchitecture of substrata. Here, we present a technique for producing three-dimensional surface models using displacement maps that are based on the data obtained from two-dimensional analyses. This technique is particularly useful when applied to scanning electron micrographs that have been calibrated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) roughness data. The evaluation of four different surface types, including thin titanium films, silicon wafers, polystyrene cell culture dishes and dragonfly wings confirmed that this technique is particularly effective for the visualization of conductive surfaces such as metallic titanium. The technique is particularly useful for visualizing surfaces that cannot be easily analyzed using AFM. The speed and ease with which electron micrographs can be recorded, combined with a relatively simple process for generating displacement maps, make this technique useful for the assessment of the surface topography of biomaterials.
Tumor phenotype and breast density in distinct categories of interval cancer: results of population-based mammography screening in Spain
Authors: Domingo Laia , Salas Dolores , Zubizarreta Raquel , Baré Marisa , Sarriugarte Garbiñe , Barata Teresa , Ibáñez Josefa , Blanch Jordi , Puig-Vives Montserrat , Fernández Ana Belén , Castells Xavier , Sala Maria 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Interval cancers are tumors arising after a negative screening episode and before the next screening invitation. They can be classified into true interval cancers, false-negatives, minimal-sign cancers, and occult tumors based on mammographic findings in screening and diagnostic mammograms. This study aimed to describe tumor-related characteristics and the association of breast density and tumor phenotype within four interval cancer categories.

Methods
We included 2,245 invasive tumors (1,297 screening-detected and 948 interval cancers) diagnosed from 2000 to 2009 among 645,764 women aged 45 to 69 who underwent biennial screening in Spain. Interval cancers were classified by a semi-informed retrospective review into true interval cancers (n = 455), false-negatives (n = 224), minimal-sign (n = 166), and occult tumors (n = 103). Breast density was evaluated using Boyd’s scale and was conflated into: <25%; 25 to 50%; 50 to 75%; >75%. Tumor-related information was obtained from cancer registries and clinical records. Tumor phenotype was defined as follows: luminal A: ER+/HER2- or PR+/HER2-; luminal B: ER+/HER2+ or PR+/HER2+; HER2: ER-/PR-/HER2+; triple-negative: ER-/PR-/HER2-. The association of tumor phenotype and breast density was assessed using a multinomial logistic regression model. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. All statistical tests were two-sided.

Results
Forty-eight percent of interval cancers were true interval cancers and 23.6% false-negatives. True interval cancers were associated with HER2 and triple-negative phenotypes (OR = 1.91 (95% CI:1.22-2.96), OR = 2.07 (95% CI:1.42-3.01), respectively) and extremely dense breasts (>75%) (OR = 1.67 (95% CI:1.08-2.56)). However, among true interval cancers a higher proportion of triple-negative tumors was observed in predominantly fatty breasts (<25%) than in denser breasts (28.7%, 21.4%, 11.3% and 14.3%, respectively; <0.001). False-negatives and occult tumors had similar phenotypic characteristics to screening-detected cancers, extreme breast density being strongly associated with occult tumors (OR = 6.23 (95% CI:2.65-14.66)). Minimal-sign cancers were biologically close to true interval cancers but showed no association with breast density.

Conclusions
Our findings revealed that both the distribution of tumor phenotype and breast density play specific and independent roles in each category of interval cancer. Further research is needed to understand the biological basis of the overrepresentation of triple-negative phenotype among predominantly fatty breasts in true interval cancers.
Uranyl Species in 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Nitrate ([EMI][NO3]) Solution of [EMI]2[UO2(NO3)4]: First Spectrophotometric Evidence for Existence of [UO2(NO3)4]2−
Authors: Sasaki Kotoe , Suzuki Tomoya , Arai Tsuyoshi , Takao Koichiro , Suzuki Shinichi , Yaita Tsuyoshi , Ikeda Yasuhisa 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In order to examine chemical forms of uranyl species in nitrate-based ionic liquid (IL), we have performed spectrophotometric experiments for [EMI][NO3] (EMI: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) and CH3CN solution of [EMI]2[UO2(NO3)4]. As a result, it was found that in CH3CN solution uranyl species exist as [UO2(NO3)3]−, that with an increase in [NO3]− the [UO2(NO3)4]2− species is formed, and that uranyl species in neat [EMI][NO3] exist as [UO2(NO3)4]2−. This is the first spectrophotometric evidence for formation of [UO2(NO3)4]2− in IL.
Analyzing Moment-to-Moment Data Using a Bayesian Functional Linear Model: Application to TV Show Pilot Testing
Authors: Hui Sam K. , Meyvis Tom , Assael Henry 
Published: January 2014

Researchers often collect continuous consumer feedback (moment-to-moment, or MTM, data) to understand how consumers respond to a variety of experiences (e.g., viewing a TV show, undergoing a colonoscopy). Analyzing how MTM judgments are integrated into overall evaluations allows researchers to determine how the structure of an experience influences consumers' post-experience satisfaction. However, this analysis is challenging because of the functional nature of MTM data. As such, previous research has typically been limited to identifying the influence of heuristics, such as relying on the average intensity, peak, and ending. We develop a Bayesian functional linear model to study how the different “moments” in the MTM data contribute to the overall judgment. Our approach incorporates a (temporally) weighted average of MTM data as well as specific “patterns” such as peak and trough, thus nesting previous approaches such as the “peak-end” rule as special cases. We apply our methodology to analyze data on TV show pilots collected by CBS. Our results reveal several interesting empirical findings. First, the last quintile of a TV show is weighted about four times as much as each of the first four quintiles. Second, patterns such as peak and trough do not play substantial roles in driving overall evaluations for TV shows. Finally, the last quintile is more important for procedural dramas than for serial dramas. We discuss the managerial implications of our results and other potential applications of our general methodology.
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Forms within the Heart, Coronary Sinus, and Peripheral Circulation in Humans: Evidence for Degradation before Secretion
Authors: Mahagamasekera Patalee G , Ruygrok Peter N , Palmer Suetonia C , Richards A Mark , Ansell Gareth S , Nicholls M Gary , Pemberton Christopher J , Lewis Lynley K , Yandle Timothy G 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP and N-terminal pro-BNP) are secreted by the heart and, in the case of BNP, serve to maintain circulatory homeostasis through renal and vascular actions and oppose many effects of the renin-angiotensin system. Recent evidence suggests that in patients with severe heart failure, circulating immunoreactive BNP is made up mainly of metabolites that may have reduced bioactivity. We hypothesized that BNP may be degraded before it even leaves the heart.

METHODS
Peripheral venous plasma plus atrial and ventricular tissue, obtained from explanted hearts at the time of transplantation, were collected from 3 patients with end-stage heart failure. In a separate study, plasma was collected from the coronary sinus and femoral artery of 3 separate patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Plasma C18 reverse-phase extracts were separated on reverse-phase HPLC, and the collected fractions were subjected to RIAs with highly specific antisera directed to the amino- and carboxy-terminal ends of BNP(1–32).

RESULTS
ProBNP, BNP(1–32), and 2 major BNP metabolites were present in atrial and ventricular tissue, where BNP(1–32) represented 45% and 70% of total processed BNP, respectively. Neither BNP(1–32) nor the 2 metabolites were detected in peripheral venous plasma. Nor was BNP(1–32) detected in matching coronary sinus and femoral artery plasma from the 3 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.

CONCLUSIONS
BNP(1–32) is partly degraded within the hearts of patients with end-stage heart failure, and even in patients with relatively well-preserved left ventricular systolic function, only BNP metabolites enter the systemic circulation.