bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF MICRO GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE USING MODELLING APPROACH
Authors: Othman Norazila 
Published: July 2024

Micro-gas turbine (MGT) is compact and self-sufficient distributed power generation units that exhibit reliability and has the capability to mitigate carbon monoxide (CO) emissions while conserving energy together with biomass used as a fuel sources. It is expected that they will have a noteworthy impact on securing the provision of upcoming energy resources for isolated areas, disaster condition and off-grid zone regardless of their connection to the power grid. However, the MGT performance using the various fuel still questionable. Databases and procedure of the MGT performance analysis should be established well to understand the overall MGT performance. In this study, MGT performance is determined by utilising the computer aided design (CAD) and solver software such as SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS-FLUENT. CAD drawing is used to design the combustion chamber and simulation performance is visualised in specific inside the combustion chamber (CC) of the MGT. The solver software was employed for the purpose of conducting computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. The optimal configuration contained a flame holder with a diameter of 50 millimetres, a chamber height of 60 centimetres, four holes with diameters of 6, 8, and 10 millimetres, and a dead zone separating the combustion and dilution zones. The air inlet boundary conditions were established by utilising the specifications and compressor maps of the Garrett GT25 turbocharger in the simulation. The simulation employed the standard k-ε model of viscous model and energy equation to establish an optimal maximum airflow rate of 0.15 kg/s at a pressure of 1.4 bar, resulting in a compressor efficiency of approximately 70%. Three different fuels, diesel-air, wood-volatiles-air, and coal-hv-volatile, were used to determine the MGT's optimal performance. Successful investigation of this study opts to significant contribution to understand the MGT performance thus, give the awareness to choose as one of the alternative power generations which can be used in the future.
Prediction of Soot in a Rich–Quench–Lean Burner Using a Semidetailed JetA-1 Chemistry
Authors: Lameloise Etienne , Cuenot Bénédicte , Riber Eleonore , Perrier Aurélien , Cabot Gilles , Grisch Frédéric 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work proposes a methodology to include accurate kinetics for soot modeling taking into account real fuel complexity in large eddy simulation (LES) of aeronautical engines at a reasonable computational cost. The methodology is based on the construction of an analytically reduced kinetic mechanism describing both combustion and gaseous soot precursors growth with sufficient accuracy on selected target properties. This is achieved in several steps, starting from the selection of the detailed kinetic model for combustion and soot precursors growth, followed by the determination of a fuel surrogate model describing the complex real fuel blend. Finally, the selected kinetic model is analytically reduced with the code arcane while controlling the error on flame properties and soot prediction for the considered fuel surrogate. To perform all evaluation and reduction tests on canonical sooting flames, a discrete sectional method (DSM) for soot has been implemented in cantera. The resulting code (cantera-soot) is now available for the fast calculation of soot production in laminar flames for any fuel. The obtained reduced kinetic scheme is finally validated in a rich–quench–lean (RQL) burner of the literature in terms of soot prediction capabilities by comparison of LES coupled to the Lagrangian soot tracking (LST) model with measurements. Results show a significant improvement of the soot level prediction when using the reduced more realistic kinetics, which also allows a more detailed analysis of the soot emission mechanisms. This demonstrates the gain in accuracy obtained with improved reduced kinetics and validates the methodology to build such schemes.
Complete genome sequence of
Microbacterium foliorum
phage Curie, a podovirus isolated from soil in Spokane, Washington
Authors: Horton Emma N. , Beach Erika K. , Cook Kathryn T. , Cronin Kyra G. , Haag Avery T. , Salter Sierra M. , Stojanovic Nicole A. , Fry Zoe E. , Connolly Brian M. , Hare Rebekah F. , Ettinger Ann-Scott H. , Poxleitner Marianne K. , Anders Kirk R. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacteriophage Curie is a podovirus that infects
Microbacterium foliorum
. The Curie genome spans 16,810 bp, has 90 bp terminal inverted repeats, and includes 23 protein-coding genes. Its genome architecture resembles phage PineapplePizza and other phi29-like phages. Together, Curie and PineapplePizza form a new actinobacteriophage Cluster GI.
Clinicopathological discrepancies in the diagnoses of childhood causes of death in the CHAMPS network: An analysis of antemortem diagnostic inaccuracies
Authors: Leulseged Haleluya , Bethencourt Christine , Igunza Kitiezo Aggrey , Akelo Victor , Onyango Dickens , Omore Richard , Ogbuanu Ikechukwu U , Ameh Soter , Moseray Andrew , Kowuor Dickens , Bassey Ima-Abasi , El Arifeen Shams , Gurley Emily S , Hossain Mohammad Zahid , Rahman Afruna , Alam Muntasir , Assefa Nega , Madrid Lola , Alemu Addisu , Abdullahi Yasir Y , Kotloff Karen L , Sow Samba O , Tapia Milagritos D , Kourouma Nana , Sissoko Seydou , Bassat Quique , Varo Rosauro , Mandomando Inacio , Carrilho Carla , Rakislova Natalia , Fernandes Fabiola , Madhi Shabir , Dangor Ziyaad , Mahtab Sana , Hale Martin , Baillie Vicky , du Toit Jeanie , Madewell Zachary J , Blau Dianna M , Martines Roosecelis B , Mutevedzi Portia C , Breiman Robert F , Whitney Cynthia G , Rees Chris A 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionDetermining aetiology of severe illness can be difficult, especially in settings with limited diagnostic resources, yet critical for providing life-saving care. Our objective was to describe the accuracy of antemortem clinical diagnoses in young children in high-mortality settings, compared with results of specific postmortem diagnoses obtained from Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS).MethodsWe analysed data collected during 2016–2022 from seven sites in Africa and South Asia. We compared antemortem clinical diagnoses from clinical records to a reference standard of postmortem diagnoses determined by expert panels at each site who reviewed the results of histopathological and microbiological testing of tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. We calculated test characteristics and 95% CIs of antemortem clinical diagnostic accuracy for the 10 most common causes of death. We classified diagnostic discrepancies as major and minor, per Goldman criteria later modified by Battle.ResultsCHAMPS enrolled 1454 deceased young children aged 1–59 months during the study period; 881 had available clinical records and were analysed. The median age at death was 11 months (IQR 4–21 months) and 47.3% (n=417) were female. We identified a clinicopathological discrepancy in 39.5% (n=348) of deaths; 82.3% of diagnostic errors were major. The sensitivity of clinician antemortem diagnosis ranged from 26% (95% CI 14.6% to 40.3%) for non-infectious respiratory diseases (eg, aspiration pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, etc) to 82.2% (95% CI 72.7% to 89.5%) for diarrhoeal diseases. Antemortem clinical diagnostic specificity ranged from 75.2% (95% CI 72.1% to 78.2%) for diarrhoeal diseases to 99.0% (95% CI 98.1% to 99.6%) for HIV.ConclusionsAntemortem clinical diagnostic errors were common for young children who died in areas with high childhood mortality rates. To further reduce childhood mortality in resource-limited settings, there is an urgent need to improve antemortem diagnostic capability through advances in the availability of diagnostic testing and clinical skills.
Paediatric out-of-hospital clinical deterioration: a mixed-methods scoping review protocol
Authors: Alghaith Alanowd , Whitley Gregory Adam , Alsuwais Sara , Coats Tim , Roland Damian 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionIn pre-hospital settings, identifying a deteriorating child can be challenging, especially considering that the proportion of paediatric patients with acute illnesses is lower compared with adults. This challenge is exacerbated in pre-hospital settings, where information might be scarce. Physiological alterations indicating changes in a patient’s condition can be detected hours preceding a cardiac arrest. Therefore, maintaining continuous monitoring of the patient’s clinical condition is crucial to detecting any physiological changes promptly, facilitating early identification of critical illness. This scoping review aims to assess the extent, range and nature of published research related to recognising paediatric out-of-hospital clinical deterioration by pre-hospital staff.Methods and analysisThis scoping review is registered with the Open Science Framework. The review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. A systematic search of relevant databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL and Scopus) will be conducted. In this scoping review, all types of study designs including quantitative and qualitative studies will be considered. The inclusion is limited to English-language studies published between January 1990 and March 2024. Two independent reviewers (AG and SS) will conduct a thorough screening of titles and abstracts against the pre-defined inclusion criteria for the review. For the selected citations, the full texts will undergo detailed assessment by the two reviewers, ensuring alignment with the inclusion criteria. A quality assessment of the included studies will be done using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The findings will be presented using diagrams or tables, supplemented by narrative summaries following the JBI guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at conferences and/or seminars.
Community emergency medical services approaches to fall prevention: a systematic review
Authors: Friend Tynan H , Thomas Hannah M , Ordoobadi Alexander J , Bain Paul A , Jarman Molly P 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundFalls are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults in the USA. Current approaches to fall prevention often rely on referral by primary care providers or enrolment during inpatient admissions. Community emergency medical services (CEMS) present a unique opportunity to rapidly identify older adults at risk for falls and provide fall prevention interventions in the home. In this systematic review, we seek to assess the efficacy and qualitative factors determining success of these programs.MethodsStudies reporting the outcomes of fall prevention interventions delivered by EMS were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through 11 July 2023.Results35 studies including randomised and non-randomised experimental trials, systematic reviews and qualitative research primarily from Western Europe, the USA, Australia and Canada were included in our analysis. Current fall prevention efforts focus heavily on postfall referral of at-risk community members. CEMS fall prevention interventions reduced all-cause and fall-related emergency department encounters, subsequent falls and EMS calls for lift assist. These interventions also improved patient health-related quality of life, independence with activities of daily living, and secondary health outcomes.ConclusionsCEMS programmes provide an opportunity for direct, proactive fall prevention on the individual level. Addressing barriers to implementation in the context of current emergency medical systems in the USA is the next step toward widespread implementation of these novel fall prevention interventions.
Frequency and clinicopathologic features of renal low-grade oncocytic tumour and eosinophilic vacuolated tumour: reclassification of 605 eosinophilic tumours including patients managed with active surveillance
Authors: Choiniere Roselyne , Al Qa'qa' Shifaa' , Cheung Carol C , Finelli Antonio , Prendeville Susan 
Published: July 2024

AimsLow-grade oncocytic tumour (LOT) and eosinophilic vacuolated tumour (EVT) are recently described emerging entities, which demonstrate distinct features but are not yet recognised as separate neoplasms in the fifth WHO classification. Published series to date have been largely multi-institutional and based on surgically resected tumours. This study aims to determine the frequency, clinicopathologic features and outcome of LOT and EVT in a single institutional series of oncocytic/eosinophilic renal neoplasms, including patients managed with active surveillance and non-surgical intervention.Methods and resultsCases were identified from a consecutive institutional series of in-house renal tumours diagnosed on biopsy and/or nephrectomy (2003–2023). Tumours with a diagnosis or differential diagnosis of oncocytoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma or oncocytic neoplasm not otherwise specified (including LOT, EVT and tumours with overlapping hybrid features) were retrospectively reviewed and classified/reclassified.In total, 605 oncocytic/eosinophilic renal neoplasms were reviewed, among which 33 LOT (5.5%) and 5 EVT (0.8%) were identified. LOT were CK7+, CD117− and GATA3+ (94%). EVT were CD117+, CK7 focal+ (80%) and cathepsin K+ (80%). At the median follow-up of 34 months (range 2–253) and 56 months (range 8–90) for LOT and EVT, respectively, there was no evidence of recurrence following ablation/surgical resection, metastasis or death from disease for all patients, including the 22 managed with active surveillance (20 LOT and 2 EVT).ConclusionsLOT and EVT comprised a minority of oncocytic renal neoplasms in this series. We report a large institutional series including patients managed non-surgically, with no adverse outcome, adding to the existing literature indicating a benign outcome.
Subcutaneous checkpoint inhibition is equivalent to systemic delivery when combined with nelitolimod delivered via pressure-enabled drug delivery for depletion of intrahepatic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and control of liver metastases
Authors: Ghosh Chandra C , Cournoyer Lauren , Liu Yujia , Ballarin Alizee , Layman Ilan B , LaPorte Jason , Morrissey Molly , Fraser Kayla , Perati Shriya , Cox Bryan F , Yakirevich Evgeny , Treaba Diana O , Murtha Timothy D , Guha Prajna , Katz Steven C , Davar Diwakar 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundToll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists induce inflammatory responses that promote the killing of infectious micro-organisms, cancer cells and develop adaptive immune responses. Their ability as immunomodulators to enhance the activity of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in treating liver tumors is limited in part by the distinctive biology of intrahepatic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and challenges with tumor-specific therapeutic delivery. We have shown that the regional delivery of type C TLR9 agonist via pressure-enabled drug delivery (PEDD) system improves delivery to the tumor, enhances depletion of MDSCs and overall, stimulates the immune system in combination with or without CPI. Currently, CPIs are delivered intravenously, although there is a growing interest in its subcutaneous (SQ) administration. We compared nelitolimod formerly known as SD-101 administered using PEDD in combination with systemic (Sys) or SQ CPI in murine liver metastases (LM).MethodsThe LM model was developed by injecting MC38-Luc cells via the spleen of 8–12 week old male C57/BL6 mice followed by splenectomy. After a week, fluorescently labeled nelitolimod (10 µg/mouse) was delivered via PEDD and co-administered anti-programmed cell death-1 (α-PD-1) either via Sys or SQ. Tumor burden was monitored by in vivo imaging system. Serum cytokine levels were analyzed by Luminex. Tissues were harvested on Day 3 (D3) or Day 10 (D10) post-PEDD to enrich CD45+cells and were analyzed via NanoString targeted transcriptomics (D3) or flow cytometry (FC, D10) to interrogate immune cell populations (D10). For NanoString analysis, the innate immune panels were selected, and for FC, MDSCs (CD11b+Gr1+), B cells (B220+), dendritic cells (DC, CD11c+), T (CD3+) cells, and M1-like macrophages (F4/80+CD38+Egr2−) were quantified.ResultsNelitolimod delivered via PEDD resulted in changes in innate and adaptive immune cells within LM, including depletion of liver MDSC and increased M1-like macrophages in the liver, which are supportive of antitumor immunity. While CPI monotherapy failed to control tumor progression, nelitolimod and CPI combination improved LM control, survival and antitumor immunity beyond the nelitolimod monotherapy effect, irrespective of CPI delivery route.ConclusionThe SQ route of CPI delivery was equivalent to Sys in combination with nelitolimod, suggesting SQ-CPI may be a rational choice in combination with PEDD of nelitolimod for liver tumor treatment.
Acetylated bacterial proteins as potent antigens inducing an anti-modified protein antibody response
Authors: Volkov Mikhail , Kampstra Arieke S B , van Schie Karin A J , van Mourik Anouk G , Kwekkeboom Joanneke C , de Ru Arnoud , van Veelen Peter A , Huizinga Tom W J , Toes René E M , van der Woude Diane 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveGut-residing bacteria, such asEscherichia coli, can acetylate their proteome under conditions of amine starvation. It is postulated that the (gut) microbiome is involved in the breach of immune tolerance to modified self-proteins leading to the anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPAs), hallmarking seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our aim was to determine whether acetylated bacterial proteins can induce AMPA responses cross-reactive to modified self-proteins and be recognised by human AMPA (hAMPA).MethodsE. colibacteria were grown under amine starvation to generate endogenously acetylated bacterial proteins. Furthermore,E. coliproteins were acetylated chemically. Recognition of these proteins by hAMPA was analysed by western blotting and ELISA; recognition by B cells carrying a modified protein-reactive B cell receptor (BCR) was analysed by pSyk (Syk phosphorylation) activation assay. C57BL/6 mice were immunised with (modified) bacterial protein fractions, and sera were analysed by ELISA.ResultsChemically modified bacterial protein fractions contained high levels of acetylated proteins and were readily recognised by hAMPA and able to activate B cells carrying modified protein-reactive BCRs. Likely due to substantially lower levels of acetylation, endogenously acetylated protein fractions were not recognised by hAMPA or hAMPA-expressing B cells. Immunising mice with chemically modified protein fractions induced a strong cross-reactive AMPA response, targeting various modified antigens including citrullinated proteins.ConclusionsAcetylated bacterial proteins are recognisable by hAMPA and are capable of inducing cross-reactive AMPA in mice. These observations provide the first conceptual evidence for a novel mechanism involving the (endogenous) acetylation of the bacterial proteome, allowing a breach of tolerance to modified proteins and the formation of cross-reactive AMPA.
To use or not to use electronic cigarettes? Reasons for use, stopping use and their behavioural sequelae among Mexicans who smoke
Authors: Gallegos Carrillo Katia , Vidaña-Pérez Dèsirée , Barrientos-Gutierrez Inti , Arillo-Santillán Edna , Cruz-Jiménez Lizeth , Rodríguez-Bolaños Rosibel , Thrasher James F 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionReasons for using and stopping the use of e-cigarettes and their associations with transitions in nicotine product use are relatively unknown in countries with e-cigarette bans, such as Mexico.MethodsData comes from an open cohort of people who smoke in Mexico, surveyed every 4 months from November 2018 to November 2021. Those who smoked and used e-cigarettes at time t (n=904 individuals, 1653 observations) were categorised at 4-month follow-up (t+1): (1) continued ‘dual use’, (2) exclusive smoking, (3) exclusive use of e-cigarettes or neither product. For people who formerly used e-cigarettes at time t (n=332 individuals, 372 observations), follow-up categories were: (1) continued exclusive smoking; (2) re-initiated e-cigarette use. Multinomial and logistic models regressed follow-up status (ref=status at time t) on reasons for using or stopping e-cigarette use, respectively, at time t, adjusting for covariates.ResultsThe most prevalent reasons for current e-cigarette use were ‘they were less harmful to others’ (40.5%) and ‘enjoyable’ (39.0%). Those who reported using e-cigarettes because they were less harmful to others (Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio (ARRR)=0.67), more enjoyable (ARRR=0.52), could help them to quit smoking (ARRR=0.65), or to control weight (ARRR=0.46) were less likely to return to exclusively smoking. Among people who formerly used e-cigarettes, lack of satisfaction was the primary reason for stopping e-cigarette use (32%) and those who reported this were less likely to start using e-cigarettes again at follow-up (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=0.58).ConclusionsSpecific reasons for using and stopping e-cigarettes predict changes in smoking and e-cigarette use, and targeting these beliefs could promote desired behaviour changes.
CD206+macrophages are relevant non-invasive imaging biomarkers and therapeutic targets in experimental lung fibrosis
Authors: Pommerolle Lenny , Beltramo Guillaume , Biziorek Leo , Truchi Marin , Dias Alexandre Magno Maneschy , Dondaine Lucile , Tanguy Julie , Pernet Nicolas , Goncalves Victor , Bouchard Alexanne , Monterrat Marie , Savary Grégoire , Pottier Nicolas , Ask Kjetil , Kolb Martin R J , Mari Bernard , Garrido Carmen , Collin Bertrand , Bonniaud Philippe , Burgy Olivier , Goirand Françoise , Bellaye Pierre-Simon 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundInterstitial lung diseases (ILDs) include a large number of diseases associated with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF), including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Despite the rarity of each of the fibrotic ILDs individually, they cumulatively affect a considerable number of patients. PPF is characterised by an excessive collagen deposition leading to functional decline.ObjectivesTherapeutic options are limited to nintedanib and pirfenidone which are only able to reduce fibrosis progression. CD206-expressing M2 macrophages are involved in fibrosis progression, and whether they may be relevant therapeutic targets or biomarkers remains an open question.ResultsIn our study, CD206+lung macrophages were monitored in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice by combining flow cytometry, scRNAseq and in vivo molecular imaging using a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiopharmaceutical,99mTc-tilmanocept. The antifibrotic effect of the inhibition of M2 macrophage polarisation with a JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib, was assessed in vivo. We demonstrate that CD206-targeted in vivo SPECT imaging with99mTc-tilmanocept was able to accurately detect and quantify the increase in CD206+macrophages from early to advanced stages of experimental fibrosis and ex vivo in lung biopsies from patients with IPF. CD206-targeted imaging also specifically detected a decrease in CD206+lung macrophages on nintedanib and tofacitinib treatment. Importantly, early in vivo imaging of CD206+macrophages allowed the prediction of experimental lung fibrosis progression as well as nintedanib and tofacitinib efficacy.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that M2 macrophages may be relevant theranostic targets for personalised medicine for patients with PPF.