bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Favorable safety profile of NOAC therapy in patients after tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair
Authors: Hoerbrand Isabel A. , Kraus Martin J. , Gruber Martin , Geis Nicolas A. , Schlegel Philipp , Frey Norbert , Konstandin Mathias H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a new treatment option (t-TEER). Data on optimal antithrombotic therapy after t-TEER in patients with an indication for anticoagulation are scarce and evidence-based guideline recommendations are lacking. We sought to investigate efficacy and safety of novel oral anticoagulation (NOAC) and vitamin-K-antagonists (VKA) in patients undergoing t-TEER.

Methods
Among 78 consecutive patients with t-TEER of severe TR, 69 patients were identified with concomitant indication for oral anticoagulation. Outcomes of these patients treated with NOAC or VKA were compared over a median follow-up period of 327 (177–460) days.

Results
Despite elevated thromboembolic and bleeding risk scores (CHA2DS2-VASc 4.2 ± 1.1, HEMORR2HAGES 3.0 ± 1.0 and HAS-BLED 2.1 ± 0.8), only one major bleeding incidence occurred under NOAC therapy. The risk for overall (NOAC 8% vs. VKA group 26%, p = 0.044) and major bleeding events (NOAC 2% vs. VKA 21%, p = 0.010) was significantly lower in the NOAC compared to the VKA group. No significant difference was found between NOAC and VKA treatment in terms of mortality (NOAC 18% vs. VKA 16%, p = 0.865) or the combined endpoint of death, heart failure hospitalization, stroke, embolism, thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and severe bleeding (NOAC 48% vs. VKA 42%, p = 0.801). A comparison between apixaban (n = 27) and rivaroxaban (n = 16) treated patients revealed no significant differences between NOAC substances (all bleeding events apixaban 7% vs. rivaroxaban 13%, p = 0.638).

Conclusion
Results of this study indicate that NOACs may offer a favorable risk–benefit profile for patients with concomitant indication for anticoagulation therapy following t-TEER.

Graphical abstract
Artificial intelligence-aided ultrasound imaging in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery: where are we now?
Authors: Bektaş Mustafa , Chia Catherine M. , Burchell George L. , Daams Freek , Bonjer H. Jaap , van der Peet Donald L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) models have been applied in various medical imaging modalities and surgical disciplines, however the current status and progress of ultrasound-based AI models within hepatopancreatobiliary surgery have not been evaluated in literature. Therefore, this review aimed to provide an overview of ultrasound-based AI models used for hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, evaluating current advancements, validation, and predictive accuracies.

Method
Databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for studies using AI models on ultrasound for patients undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. To be eligible for inclusion, studies needed to apply AI methods on ultrasound imaging for patients undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. The Probast risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of AI methods.

Results
AI models have been primarily used within hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, to predict tumor recurrence, differentiate between tumoral tissues, and identify lesions during ultrasound imaging. Most studies have combined radiomics with convolutional neural networks, with AUCs up to 0.98.

Conclusion
Ultrasound-based AI models have demonstrated promising accuracies in predicting early tumoral recurrence and even differentiating between tumoral tissue types during and after hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. However, prospective studies are required to evaluate if these results will remain consistent and externally valid.

Graphical abstract
A multi-nozzle nebuliser does not improve tissue drug delivery during PIPAC
Authors: Sautkin Yaroslaw , Weinreich Juergen , Reymond Marc André 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Multi-nozzle nebulisers for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) are implemented in clinical practice to improve the homogeneity of tissue drug delivery. Nonetheless, the advantages of such devices over one-nozzle nebulisers have not been demonstrated thus far. In this study, we compared the performance of multi- and one-nozzle nebulisers by conducting physical and ex vivo pharmacological experiments.

Methods
The one-nozzle nebuliser Capnopen® and the multi-nozzle nebuliser were the subjects of this study. In physical experiments, the aerosol droplet size was measured by laser diffraction spectroscopy. Spatial spray patterns were depicted on blotting paper. Pharmacological experiments were performed on the enhanced inverted bovine urinary bladder model, demonstrating real-time tissue drug delivery, aerosol sedimentation and homogeneity of doxorubicin and cisplatin tissue distribution.

Results
The multi-nozzle nebuliser had a sixfold greater aerosolisation flow and a threefold greater angle of aerosolisation than Capnopen®. The aerosol particle size and distribution range were higher than that of Capnopen®. Spray patterns on blotting paper were more extensive with the multi-nozzle nebuliser. Real-time tissue drug delivery with the multi-nozzle nebuliser was over 100 ml within 1 min, and the aerosol sedimentation was 48.9% ± 21.2%, which was not significantly different from that of Capnopen®. The doxorubicin and cisplatin tissue concentrations were greater with Capnopen®. Although there was no significant difference in the homogeneity of doxorubicin distribution between the two devices, the homogeneity of cisplatin distribution was significantly higher with Capnopen®.

Conclusion
The multi-nozzle PIPAC nebuliser did not fulfil expectations. Even though the surface spray patterns were broader with the multi-nozzle nebuliser, the tissue drug homogeneity and concentration were greater with Capnopen®.

Graphical Abstract
Current Trends in VCO-Based EPR
Authors: Kern Michal , Chu Anh , Anders Jens 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article we provide an overview of chip-integrated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based EPR detection as a new paradigm in EPR sensing. After a brief motivation for this alternative detection method, we provide a self-contained overview of the detection principle, both for continuous-wave and pulsed detection. Based on this introduction, we will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of VCO-based detection compared to conventional resonator-based detection. This is followed by an overview of the current state of the art in VCO-based EPR and interesting emerging applications of the technology. The paper concludes with a brief summary and outlook on future research directions.
In-domain versus out-of-domain transfer learning for document layout analysis
Authors: De Nardin Axel , Zottin Silvia , Piciarelli Claudio , Foresti Gian Luca , Colombi Emanuela 
Published: August 2024

AbstractData availability is a big concern in the field of document analysis, especially when working on tasks that require a high degree of precision when it comes to the definition of the ground truths on which to train deep learning models. A notable example is represented by the task of document layout analysis in handwritten documents, which requires pixel-precise segmentation maps to highlight the different layout components of each document page. These segmentation maps are typically very time-consuming and require a high degree of domain knowledge to be defined, as they are intrinsically characterized by the content of the text. For this reason in the present work, we explore the effects of different initialization strategies for deep learning models employed for this type of task by relying on both in-domain and cross-domain datasets for their pre-training. To test the employed models we use two publicly available datasets with heterogeneous characteristics both regarding their structure as well as the languages of the contained documents. We show how a combination of cross-domain and in-domain transfer learning approaches leads to the best overall performance of the models, as well as speeding up their convergence process.
Skimming the achieved? Quantifying the fiscal incentives of the German fiscal equalization scheme and its reforms since 1970
Authors: Bury Yannick , Feld Lars P. , Burret Heiko T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMarginal rates of contribution (MRC), i.e., the rates at which additional revenues are skimmed via larger contributions or lower transfer receipts, quantify the incentives of a fiscal equalization scheme. This paper is the first to calculate marginal rates of contribution for the Laender (states) in the German fiscal equalization scheme for each of the 51 years since its establishment in 1970 and over five major reforms, taking into account all relevant revenues. Our results show that MRC have been at a consistently high level. Until 2019 the scheme induced an almost full skimming of additional tax revenues of recipient states. With the system’s latest reform in 2020, MRC increased further. Recipient states now face an over-skimming of additional tax revenues and, thus, massive fiscal disincentives to maintain their own tax base. While these findings have been widely expected, comprehensive evidence has been missing so far.
Arbitrary order spline representation of cohomology generators for isogeometric analysis of eddy current problems
Authors: Kapidani Bernard , Merkel Melina , Schöps Sebastian , Vázquez Rafael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCommon formulations of the eddy current problem involve either vector or scalar potentials, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. An impasse arises when using scalar potential-based formulations in the presence of conductors with non-trivial topology. A remedy is to augment the approximation spaces with generators of the first cohomology group. Most existing algorithms for this require a special, e.g., hierarchical, finite element basis construction. Using insights from de Rham complex approximation with splines, we show that additional conditions are here unnecessary. Spanning tree techniques can be adapted to operate on a hexahedral mesh resulting from isomorphisms between spline spaces of differential forms and de Rham complexes on an auxiliary control mesh.
Phosphorus inactivation mitigates the effect of warm winters in a temperate shallow lake (Mielenko Lake, Poland)
Authors: Augustyniak-Tunowska Renata , Karczmarczyk Rafał , Grochowska Jolanta , Łopata Michał , Napiórkowska-Krzebietke Agnieszka , Lürling Miquel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDirect and indirect anthropopressure on water ecosystems is the serious problem throughout the world.. In the Northern Hemisphere, an increase in average air temperatures is observed, which implies the occurrence of a shorter period of snow and ice cover during the winter season. The winter 2019/2020 was unusual, because that was the first time in the record, that a complete lack of permanent ice cover was observed on numerous lakes in Poland. Such unusual conditions could influence lake functioning. Hence we analyzed the chemistry of the water–sediment interface (near-bottom and interstitial water and sediment) in the shallow, eutrophic Mielenko Lake (area 7.9 ha, max depth 1.9 m) in 2013 and 2019–2022 period to assess the influence of prolonged water circulation on the bottom zone. Mielenko Lake was subjected to a phosphorus inactivation procedure using Al and Fe salts (PAX 18, PIX 111) in 2020 and 2021. Our research revealed that unusually prolonged winter circulation caused a significant decrease in organic matter content in bottom sediment in 2020, as well as a decrease in NaOH-nrP fraction and TP amounts. That effect was short-term and it did not significantly influence the NaOH-rP fraction amounts. The released P was probably built in macrophytes biomass during vegetation season, because P inactivation has been limiting phytoplankton proliferation, and it favored shifting to a clearwater state with macrophytes domination. This was confirmed by decreasing in phytoplankton biomass, and a massive expansion of the macrophytes range noted in the second year of restoration. Our study shows, that P inactivation could mitigate the negative effects of warm winters in shallow lakes.
On Micropolitics: Climate adaptation and Indigenous governance in Western Alaska
Authors: Lezak Stephen , Rock Genevieve 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClimate adaptation for Indigenous communities is not as simple as making good policy; it is equally about how policy is implemented and how collaboration unfolds between settler governments and Indigenous stakeholders. Rural Alaska Native villages are among the most environmentally threatened communities in the United States. Their ability to effectively manage environmental change and preserve sovereignty depends upon successful collaboration with a range of stakeholders, especially federal agencies. For more than two decades, academics and government agencies have documented a consistent pattern of failures, particularly by federal actors, to effectively manage adaptation challenges. These obstacles are sometimes misrepresented as policy failures. While poor policy is certainly involved in these poor outcomes, this paper highlights a set of barriers to successful collaboration that are not policy issues, per se, but rather micropolitical issues; that is, they pertain to the conduct of government in the context of Tribal relationships. Unaddressed, these micropolitical issues have created obstacles to Alaska Native communities’ self-determination as they adapt to a changing landscape. These barriers are explored in a case study drawn from Typhoon Merbok, which struck Western Alaska in 2022, and empirically grounded in a series of interviews and participant observation with experts, elders, elected officials, and Tribal staff. This article concludes with several concrete recommendations to improve the practice of domestic diplomacy between Indigenous communities and colonial governments.
Virulence variation of Israeli populations of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici during the period 2009 – 2019
Authors: Kosman Evsey , Anikster Yehoshua , Ben-Yehuda Pnina , Manisterski Jacob , Sela Hanan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper is dedicated to the memory of the APS Fellow Prof. Yehoshua Anikster (1934 -2023). A total of 336 urediniospore isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) were derived from samples collected in Israel from 2009 to 2019 and analyzed for virulence with the standard set of 20 differentials. Seventy-four virulence phenotypes were identified during the survey. Two Pgt phenotypes (TKTTF, TTTTF) were found in nine annual populations while 57 appeared in only one year, in most of the cases (51) only once. The yearly pathogen collections of 2009 – 2014 differed from the collections of 2015-2018, and the 2019 collection diverged from all others. No virulence to Sr24 and Sr31 indicators of UG99 was detected. When comparing the 2009 – 2014 and 2015 – 2018 periods, virulence frequencies declined for Sr17, 30, and 38 genes from 0.85—0.98 to 0.31 – 0.59, while the frequency for Sr36 rose (0.42 vs. 0.87). The average relative virulence complexity of Pgt phenotypes decreased from 0.83 (2009—2014) and 0.79 (2015 – 2018) to 0.67 in 2019. Variability within the annual populations gradually increased over time. The Pgt collections of isolates in 2009 – 2014 and 2015 – 2018 were significantly different (p = 0.01). The effective number of different annual populations in 2009 – 2018 was 2.04 (β-variation = 0.12). Since Pgt does not over-summer in Israel, the northern source of inoculum from Turkey and Russia seems the most probable.
Elicitation of potato plants to increase their resistance against Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae bacteria
Authors: Sokolova D. O. , Królicka A. , Czajkowski R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe investigation aimed to assess three methods for inducing resistance in Solanum tuberosum L. (potato) plants against Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) bacteria. The approaches involved the incorporation of elicitors into the in vitro nutrient medium during plant cultivation, pre-planting of seeds soaked in water-containing elicitors, and irradiating in vitro cultivated potato plants with 21 kJ/m2 of ultraviolet C light (UVC). The research validated the authors’ hypothesis, that the use of specific elicitors and UV-C light could induce resistance in potato plants against SRP bacteria, identifying the most effective elicitation technique for potato plants under experimental conditions. Two elicitors, specifically 50 μM salicylic acid and 250 μg/mL proline, were determined to be the most potent under experimental conditions. Supplementation of the Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with 50 μM salicylic acid resulted in 21% of infected plants exhibiting no symptoms of infection on the 14th-day post-inoculation, and all plants treated with 10, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 μM of salicylic acid displayed a diminishing rate of infection progression. Plants growing with 25 µM SA were visually characterized by faster growth rates and higher vegetative mass relative to both control and test variants. Similarly, the incorporation of 250 μg/mL proline into the MS medium caused a response with 37.5% of plants showing no disease symptoms on the 14th day post-inoculation.
Estimation of 100 m root zone soil moisture by downscaling 1 km soil water index with machine learning and multiple geodata
Authors: Mahmood Talha , Löw Johannes , Pöhlitz Julia , Wenzel Jan Lukas , Conrad Christopher 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Root zone soil moisture (RZSM) is crucial for agricultural water management and land surface processes. The 1 km soil water index (SWI) dataset from Copernicus Global Land services, with eight fixed characteristic time lengths (T), requires root zone depth optimization (Topt) and is limited in use due to its low spatial resolution. To estimate RZSM at 100-m resolution, we integrate the depth specificity of SWI and employed random forest (RF) downscaling. Topographic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical datasets were utilized to develop three RF models (RF1: SAR, RF2: optical, RF3: SAR + optical). At the DEMMIN experimental site in northeastern Germany, Topt (in days) varies from 20 to 60 for depths of 10 to 30 cm, increasing to 100 for 40–60 cm. RF3 outperformed other models with 1 km test data. Following residual correction, all high-resolution predictions exhibited strong spatial accuracy (R ≥ 0.94). Both products (1 km and 100 m) agreed well with observed RZSM during summer but overestimated in winter. Mean R between observed RZSM and 1 km (100 m; RF1, RF2, and RF3) SWI ranges from 0.74 (0.67, 0.76, and 0.68) to 0.90 (0.88, 0.81, and 0.82), with the lowest and highest R achieved at 10 cm and 30 cm depths, respectively. The average RMSE using 1 km (100 m; RF1, RF2, and RF3) SWI increased from 2.20 Vol.% (2.28, 2.28, and 2.35) at 30 cm to 3.40 Vol.% (3.50, 3.70, and 3.60) at 60 cm. These negligible accuracy differences underpin the potential of the proposed method to estimate RZSM for precise local applications, e.g., irrigation management.
Systematic review on the impact of exercise on intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients
Authors: González-Devesa D. , Suárez-Iglesias D. , Diz J. C. , Esmerode-Iglesias A. , Ayán C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to limited studies, we systematically reviewed evidence on the impact of physical exercise on intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Using MEDLINE/Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, we selected English, Portuguese, or Spanish studies excluding case reports and yoga-based interventions. From 1001 records, 15 studies were independently evaluated. Evaluated through the MMAT scoring system, two quantitative randomised controlled studies scored 100% while 13 non-randomised studies averaged 84.62%. Our findings indicated that both aerobic and resistance training led to an immediate IOP reduction post-exercise. However, these findings were largely from single-session experiments. In contrast, the effects of longer-term exercise programmes on IOP varied. Although our review underscores the potential utility of exercise in IOP management, the evidence remains inconclusive due to variations in study design, participant demographics, and exercise parameters. This lack of consistency in the research highlights the necessity for larger, standardised, and longer-term studies to robustly corroborate these preliminary findings.
Long-Term Safety of Facilitated Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin 10% Treatment in US Clinical Practice in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases: Results from a Post-Authorization Safety Study
Authors: Rubinstein Arye , Mabudian Mohsen , McNeil Donald , Patel Niraj C. , Wasserman Richard L. , Gupta Sudhir , Carrasco Paz , Chen Jie , Garcia Enrique , Nagy Andras , Yel Leman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFacilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin (fSCIG) 10% is an immunoglobulin replacement therapy that utilizes recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) to enhance immunoglobulin dispersion and absorption, allowing for longer treatment intervals similar to intravenous immunoglobulin (up to once monthly). fSCIG 10% is indicated in the USA for treating adults and children aged ≥ 2 years with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). This prospective, non-interventional, open-label, multicenter, post-authorization safety study (NCT02593188) was conducted in the USA from November 2015 to October 2021 to assess the long-term safety of fSCIG 10% in routine clinical practice. Patients with PIDs aged ≥ 16 years who were prescribed and/or had started fSCIG 10% treatment were enrolled. In total, 253 patients were enrolled and included (full analysis set). Participants received fSCIG 10% treatment for a median (interquartile range) of 10.0 (3.5–11.8) months, with the majority of infusions administered every 4 weeks (54.4% [1197/2201 infusions]) and at home (62.6% [1395/2230 infusions]). Overall, 98.5% of infusions were administered without rate reduction, interruption, or discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs). Treatment-related, non-serious AEs were experienced by 52 patients (20.6%, 284 events). Two patients (0.8%) each experienced one treatment-related serious AE (aseptic meningitis and deep vein thrombosis). Development of antibodies against rHuPH20 was uncommon; 14/196 patients (7.1%) tested positive for binding antibodies (titer ≥ 1:160) with no neutralizing antibodies detected. There was no relationship between anti-rHuPH20 antibody positivity and the occurrence of treatment-related serious or non-serious AEs. Long-term, repeated self-administration of fSCIG 10% was well tolerated in US clinical practice by patients with PIDs.