bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Disparities in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: Presentation and Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Osuorah Ikesinachi , Salabati Mirataollah , Silvey Scott , Randolph Jessica 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose: No published papers examine COVID-19's impact on retinal detachment with long-term data or the relationship between social determinants and RRD treatment during the pandemic. We evaluate the effects of COVID-19 lockdown and socioeconomic factors on RRD presentation and outcomes.
Methods: Medical records of 106 patients underwent RRD repair from 2018 to 2021 were reviewed for race, ethnicity, age, sex, underserved status, time from symptom onset to presentation, and time from presentation to surgery. Visual acuity and recurrence rates were assessed at one-year post-surgery. Measured outcomes included macula status at presentation and postoperative visual acuity.
Results: We found no significant difference in visual outcomes based on race, ethnicity, age, sex, or underserved status. However, time from symptom onset to presentation was shorter during the lockdown (3.00 days vs. 7.27 days, p=0.001). Patients during the lockdown were more likely to present with macula-off RD (OR=6.07, 95% CI: 1.38-43.56, p=0.032) and experience higher intraocular pressures in the acute postoperative setting (22.41 mmHg ± 9.79, p=0.013), and increased time from presentation to surgery was associated with higher odds of macula-off status (OR=1.71 per additional day, 95% CI: 1.37-2.27, p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Socioeconomic and demographic factors did not significantly impact visual outcomes. Shorter presentation times during lockdown suggest effective prioritization of emergent care, but higher initial severity warrants further investigation into underlying causes. Future studies should explore these dynamics and the role of artificial intelligence in managing RDs during healthcare disruptions.
Investigating the Influence of Pore Sizes in Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) on Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Sarkar Subhajit , Imran Nadiah , Salleh Noordini Mohamad , Majid Siti Rohana , Zamani Mohd. Fakhrul , Halim Siti Nadiah Abdul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Three distinct MOFs; MOF-199, MOF-5, and UiO-66 - each having varying pore diameters and unique structural characteristics were synthesized and their molecular structures are confirmed using FT-IR, PXRD and FESEM techniques. Continuing the experiments, conductivity of MOFs were measured by EIS. The results indicate that UiO-66 exhibits the highest conductivity value, with a value of 2.32 × 10-5 Scm-1. Upon evaluating the effect of pore diameters with conductivity, different salt percentage were added into the MOFs to obtain the MOF-based free-standing electrolytes. Results obtained shows that different MOFs display varied conductivity values that consistently increase upon the addition of salt. However, each MOF demonstrates a unique optimized percentage of salt—was determined to be 10%, 60%, and 40%, specifically for MOF-199, MOF-5, and UiO-66, respectively and did not show significant correlations with the pore sizes of the MOFs. The highest conductivity value was observed for UiO-66 with 10% NaCl, reaching up to 7.35 × 10-5 Scm-1. 10% NaCl was substituted with 10% NaOH to evaluate the effect of different salt. Results obtained shows show minimal changes with a conductivity value of 4.61× 10-5 Scm-1. CV were conducted on the MOFs and their free-standing electrolytes showing leaf-shaped cyclic voltammogram demonstrate promising enhanced capacitive behaviour. Comparing the cyclic voltammograms of UiO-66 with 10% NaCl and 10 % NaOH separately, no significant changes observed confirming the conducting species in the free-standing electrolyte systems to be the Na+. Dielectric calculations were performed and agree well with the experimental values. BET results obtained for MOF-199 and UiO-66, along with their optimized MOF-based free-standing electrolytes, show that the surface area as well as the pore volume decreased, indicating that the pores were being occupied by Na+, thereby increasing the conductivity. In contrast to these two systems, MOF-5 displays unique properties where the surface area and pore sizes extended. Overall, results obtained through out this research supports their potential application of MOFs as hybrid electrolyte materials in the future.
Translation and validation of Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale - Children and Adolescents (BDEFS-CA) in Azerbaijani
Authors: Aghayeva Kamala 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders can be challenging sometimes, especially when the clinical presentation is different from what is normally seen. Evaluating executive functions can provide valuable information about children’s and adolescents’ mental states. There is no available executive function rating scale in Azerbaijani. From this perspective, there was great utility in translating and validating Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale – Children and Adolescents (BDEF-CA). For this research we decided to use the short form of BDEF-CA. The rating scale was translated into Azerbaijani by a bilingual clinical psychologist, also by a professional translator. After performing backward translation, the final version was prepared and was read and approved by two professors of the psychology department at the university. The study population included 148 parents of children 6–17 years old (78 boys and 70 girls).
Results
Findings of this research provide support for the validity and reliability of the Azerbaijani translation of BDEF-CA short version (Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficient were both greater than 0.9 and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results indicate an adequate fit).
Conclusion
The Azerbaijani translation of BDEF-CA short version could be used in assessing executive functioning deficits in children and adolescents.
Source localisation of a theory-based anxiety disorder biomarker
Authors: Shadli Shabah M. , Russell Bruce R. , Lodhia Veema , Kirk Ian J. , Glue Paul , McNaughton Neil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Anxiety disorders are a major global issue. Their diagnosis is based on symptom list, not biological causes, resulting in poor treatment outcomes. We previously developed an EEG biomarker, right frontal Goal Conflict Specific Rhythmicity (GCSR; 4-12Hz) based on our long-standing detailed neuropsychological theory of anxiety processes. GCSR is reduced by all types of selective anxiolytic and appears high cases across a range of currently diagnosed anxiety disorders. Here we assessed the areas of frontal cortex activated by GCSR. Scalp EEG was obtained with either low-density (Experiment 1, 32 channels, University of Otago, ♀:33, ♂:16) or high density (Experiment 2, 128 channels, University of Auckland, ♀:10, ♂:8) recording while healthy participants performed a Stop Signal Task designed to specifically assess GCSR as previously. sLORETA demonstrated sources consistently in the right inferior frontal gyrus and, more strongly but slightly less consistently, medial frontal gyrus. There were a few left frontal activations. As with previous work with the same Stop Signal Task, we show that a range of different neural networks can be engaged both within and between experiments to generate GCSR; with the most consistently activated being the right inferior frontal gyrus and then the medial frontal gyrus. [196 / 200]
Analysis of Chemical Exchange in Iridium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Using Heteronuclear Parahydrogen-Enhanced NMR
Authors: Assaf Charbel D. , Gui Xin , Salnikov Oleg G. , Brahms Arne , Chukanov Nikita V. , Skovpin Ivan V. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Herges Rainer , Duckett Simon B. , Koptyug Igor V. , Buckenmaier Kai , Körber Rainer , Plaumann Markus , Aurer Alexander , Hövener Jan-Bernd , Pravdivtsev Andrey N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The signal amplification by reversible exchange process (SABRE) amplifies NMR signals by unlocking hidden polarization in parahydrogen through interactions with to-be-hyperpolarized substrate molecules when both are transiently bound to an Ir-based organometallic catalyst. Recent efforts have focused on optimizing the polarization transfer step from the parahydrogen-derived hydride ligands to the substrate in SABRE. However, this requires quantitative information on ligand exchange rates, which common NMR techniques struggle to provide. Here, we introduce an experimental spin order transfer sequence where readout occurs at 15N nuclei directly interacting with the catalyst. To overcome sensitivity challenges, enhanced 15N NMR signals are created, encoding discrete substrate dissociation rates. This methodology enables robust data fitting to proposed ligand exchange models, yielding substrate dissociation rate constants with higher precision than classical 1D and 2D 1H NMR approaches. This refinement provides enhanced accuracy for estimating the key activation enthalpy ΔH‡ and ΔS‡. Moreover, the higher chemical shift dispersion provided by signal-enhanced 15N NMR allows for the kinetics of substrate dissociation of both acetonitrile and metronidazole, previously inaccessible via 1H NMR due to small chemical shift differences between the resonances of free and Ir-bound molecules of these substrates.
Recréer le territoire de l’école par la cocréation de maquettes
Authors: Benimmas Aïcha , Romero Margarida 
Published: August 2024

Le rapport des élèves à l’espace peut se développer par le biais de différentes activités d’apprentissage. Parmi ces activités, le projet SmartCityMaker engage les élèves dans une démarche de cocréation de leur quartier scolaire par le biais de la réalisation d’une maquette combinant les techniques analogiques et numériques. Dans le cadre de cette étude, les élèves d’une école primaire sont invités à explorer différentes facettes de leur territoire de proximité et, par la suite, à mobiliser leurs habiletés spatiales de manière pratique par la construction d’une maquette. L’étude cherche à comprendre la manière dont le projet SmartCityMaker permet d’enrichir le rapport des élèves à leur territoire scolaire, ainsi que leur pensée spatiale. Dans cette visée, nous analysons le processus d’apprentissage vécu par des élèves de 11 ans d’une école primaire en France qui participent au projet SmartCityMaker. Nous présentons la démarche d’apprentissage vécue par les élèves et les aspects pouvant permettre d’observer leur rapport à l’espace de même que la manifestation de leur pensée spatiale.
If You Choose Not to Decide: A Survey of Online Field Experiences for Canadian Teacher Preparation Programs
Authors: Siko Jason , Barbour Michael , Archibald Douglas , Ostashewski Nathaniel 
Published: August 2024

Despite the rapid growth in online and distance learning in Canada, there does not appear to be much interest on the part of teacher education programs to evolve to meet the needs of future generations of teacher candidates. While understanding the notion that systemic change in tertiary education takes time, the steady growth of online and blended learning in Canada–and globally–combined with raised awareness of distance learning stoked by the COVID-19 pandemic should make educators and policymakers worry about failing to respond to a rapidly changing educational landscape. This paper highlights the status of distance and online field experiences provided by Canadian teacher education programs. In addition, we review program offerings to support in-service teachers, such as graduate certificate, degree, and diploma programs, as well as MOOCs offering free professional development. This study, a replication of a mixed-method study originally conducted in the United States and published as a technical report by Archibald et al. (2020)[1], found that a minority of teacher education programs offered online or blended field experiences. Further, we found that programs were slow to change these deficiencies due to institutional lack of resources, limited knowledge base, perceived lack of usefulness for their teachers’ future careers, and regulatory bodies discouraging online field experiences. This study highlights the dramatic need for programming in distance and online education.

[1] This article is original, with some exceptions in the “Results” section.
Calculation process and spatial heterogeneity characteristic of non-point source pollution caused by rainfall-runoff in Taizhou City
Authors: Xing Zhaopeng , Hua Guofen , Liu Shangqing , Zhao Zhongwei , Yang Xiaoli , Wu Longhua 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

With improved point source pollution management, the impacts of non-point source pollution on the ecosystem are increasingly evident. However, conventional techniques such as output coefficient approaches fail to adequately capture its geographical and temporal variability. This study proposed a grid-based calculation technique to quantify non-point source pollution from rainfall-runoff in the Jinqing Watershed, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, based on the principles of the Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) model. The modified SCS-CN model effectively represented both temporal and geographical variations in rainfall-runoff pollution. Precipitation emerged as the primary determinant of non-point source pollutant load over time due to its strong positive association with rainfall. From January to April, there was a constant pollutant load; besides irregular rainfall patterns, land use types also influenced pollutant loads at a geographical scale. Building and cultivated areas exhibited positive correlations with nitrogen (r = 0.44, P = 0.05) and phosphorus (r = 0.54, P = 0.05), while forested and grassland areas showed negative correlations with nitrogen (r = −0.44, P = 0.05) and phosphorus pollutants (r = −044, P = 0.05). Pollution loads were also influenced by landscape patterns; concentrated dominant land use types resulted in higher contamination levels compared with scattered dominant land use types.
Exploring the Biomarkers and Potential Mechanisms of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Microglial Inflammatory Activation through P2X7 Receptors based on Transcriptome Sequencing
Authors: Zhang Kai , Ren Yi , Lv Jiayang , Mao Peng , Zhou Wenming , Shi Yongqiang , Zhou Kaisheng , Wang Linna , Zhang Chengjun , Zhang Haihong 
Published: August 2024

Aims:
This study aims to explore the potential mechanism by which Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/
A) inhibits microglial inflammatory activation through P2X7 receptors (P2X7R).

Background:
BoNT/A is a promising analgesic drug, and previous studies have established that it alleviates
Neuropathic Pain (NP) by inhibiting microglial inflammatory activation. This study examined the biomarkers
and potential mechanisms by which BoNT/A relieves neuropathic pain by mediating microglial P2X7R and analyzing
transcriptome sequencing data from mouse BV-2 microglial cells.

Objective:
The P2X7R agonist Bz-ATP was used to induce microglial inflammatory activation, whilst RNAseq
technology was used to explore the biomarkers and potential mechanisms through which BoNT/A suppresses
microglial inflammation.

Methods:
RNA sequencing was performed on three BV-2 cell samples treated with a P2X7R specific activator
(Bz-ATP) and three BV-2 cell samples pre-treated with BoNT/A. Only data that successfully passed quality
control measures were included in subsequent analysis. Initially, Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were
identified from BoNT/A and control samples, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of
Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Biomarkers were then identified by constructing a Protein-
Protein Interaction (PPI) network and utilizing the CytoHubba plug-in in Cytoscape software. Lastly, enrichment
analysis and regulatory network analysis were performed to elucidate the potential mechanism of
BoNT/A in the treatment of NP.

Results:
93 DEGs related to the “cell component size regulation” GO term and enriched in the “axon guidance”
KEGG pathway were identified. Subsequently, 6 biomarkers were identified, namely PTPRF, CHDH,
CKM, Ky, Sema3b, and Sema3f, which were enriched in pathways related to biosynthesis and metabolism, disease
progression, signal transduction, and organelle function, including the “ribosome” and “Wnt signaling
pathway.” Finally, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNAs) network was constructed from 6 mRNAs, 66
miRNAs, and 31 lncRNAs, forming a complex relationship network.

Conclusion:
Six genes (PTPRF, Sema3b, Sema3f, CHDH, CKM, and Ky) were identified as biomarkers of microglial
inflammatory activation following BoNT/A treatment. This finding may provide a valuable reference
for the relief and treatment of neuropathic pain.
Morphometric Analysis of Corpus Callosum in Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Study
Authors: Acar Musa , Uğur Sultan 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
The Corpus Callosum (CC) is the largest commissural tract in the nervous
system. Few studies have examined the extent of CC in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients,
and these studies have reported conflicting findings.

Materials and Methods:
The study was performed using 176 brain MRI images of 88 Alzheimer's
patients (55 women-32 men) and 88 healthy individuals (44 women-44 men).

Results:
In our study, 7 different parameters of the CC were measured, and their average values
were determined. We measured each parameter separately in AD patients and healthy individuals
and compared them with each other.

Conclusion:
CC has an important place not only in Patients with AD but also in other neurodegenerative
diseases. We consider that our study will be useful in the evaluation of Patients with AD.
Evaluation of the Adhesive Strength of Different Types of Fiberglass Posts in Flared and Unflared Canal Roots
Authors: Carvalho Martins Laís , Pedrosa Arantes Laura , Ferreira Silva Camila , Martins Victor da Mota , Rodrigues da Silva Gisele , César Freitas Santos-Filho Paulo 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Fiberglass posts are used in the rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth, and adaptation to the canal is a determining factor.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the Push-out Bond Strength (PBS) and failure mode of different types of fiberglass posts, associated or not with a fiberglass sleeve (Exacto and Splendor SAP) in different types of canals (enlarged and non-enlarged canals).

Method and Materials
Forty bovine roots were used, and the samples were divided into four groups (n=10). The canals were instrumented in a standardized manner. The samples were cemented with dual self-adhesive resin cement. The roots were sectioned in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds with a thickness of 1 mm. The Push-out Bond Strength (PBS) test was performed in a universal testing machine (EMIC). Statistical analysis: PBS values were recorded, and data were analyzed using repeated measures, such as ANOVA and Tukey's test. To determine the failure mode, a stereomicroscope with 40× magnification and 2.5D analysis was used.

Results
SPrFl showed significantly higher bond strength in the coronal third than SPr and Exc. However, SPr, Exc, and ExcFl did not show any differences between them. Furthermore, similar bond strength was observed between SPrFl and ExcFl. The failure mode was not influenced by the post system (p=0.144) or root third (p=0.146). All experimental groups showed a prevalence of adhesive failures (Types I, II, and III).

Conclusion
The groups that used the Splendor system showed similar results to conventional posts anatomized with resin, but in the middle and apical thirds, there was no statistical difference in PBS.

Clinical Significance
The results of this laboratory test can help the dentist to answer which types of fiberglass can be used to rehabilitate endodontically treated teeth, ensuring good adhesive resistance and, consequently clinical success.
Identification of Collective Expression Pattern of miRNA in the Regulation of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Mathur Shruti , Tiwari Anshul , Saxena Sandeep , Srivastava Prachi 
Published: August 2024

Background
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a global health problem that is statistically more prevalent in the working age group. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered downstream molecules involved in several diseases. Recent research has reported that miRs can modulate multiple steps of the pathogenesis of DR.

Aim
This study aimed at identifying significant pathways and genes that cause the dysregulation of the identified miRs to enhance and/or cause development in an individual.

Methodology
Extensive data mining led to the discovery of these novel miRNAs. Functional Enrichment Analysis of these targets was carried out using the MIENTURNET tool through KEGG and WikiPathways databases. The miRNet online tool was used to construct a network analysis.

Results
Nine miRs were found to be associated with DR. We identified four significant pathways, including their involvement in DR: the TGF-beta signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and type II diabetes mellitus pathway.

Conclusion
Identifying the targets for DR has the potential for developing new therapies for this chronic disease. The findings of this current work reveal different aspects of the results. Thus, identified miRNAs are found as potential novel biomarkers in identifying the mechanistic approach against DR.
PENGARUH BERMAIN PLASTISIN DAN TANAH LIAT TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KETRAMPILAN MOTORIK HALUS PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Sutapa Panggung , Prihatanta Hadwi , Antoni Muhammad Sigit , Askia Asyfha , Nurhayat Dzikri 
Published: August 2024

Penguasaan ketrampilan motorik halus sangat diperlukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan motorik halus setelah bermain dengan plastisin dan bermain dengan tanah liat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen jumlah sampel 40 orang anak yang diambil dengan cara sampel populasi. Sampel dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok satu mendapat perlakuan bermain plastisin dan satunya mendapat perlakuan bermain tanah liat. Masing-masing kelompok mendapat perlakuan bermain selama dua jam tiap minggu dengan frekuensi tiga kali dalam satu minggu, penelitian dilakukan selama 2 bulan. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengambil data motorik halus dengan presisi menggunting kertas, mewarnai gambar berpola, menebalkan huruf dan ketrampilan membuat kemiripan objek dengan bahan plastisin dan tanah liat. Data di analisis dengan menggunakan uji t dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasilnya menunjukkan ada peningkatan ketrampilan motorik halus secara singnifikan baik yang bermain dengan plastisin maupun bermain tanah lait P 0.05. THE EFFECT OF PLAYING WITH PLASTICINE AND CLAY ON IMPROVING FINE MOTOR SKILLS IN EARLY CHILDRENAbstractMastery of fine motor skills is very necessary in everyday life. The aim of this research is to determine the improvement in fine motor skills after playing with plasticine and playing with clay. The method used in this research was an experimental sample size of 40 children taken by population sampling. The sample was divided into 2 groups. One group received treatment playing with plasticine and the other received treatment with playing with clay. Each group received play treatment for two hours every week with a frequency of three times a week, the research was carried out for 2 months. Instruments used to collect fine motor data with precision cutting paper, coloring patterned pictures, bolding letters and skills in making object similarities with plasticine and clay. Data were analyzed using the t test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that there was a significant increase in fine motor skills for both playing with plasticine and playing with clay, P 0.05.