bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A structured approach for building multi‐community State and Transition Models to support conservation planning
Authors: Good Megan K. , Rumpff Libby , Fraser Hannah , Gould Elliot , Jones Christopher S. , Prober Suzanne M. , Bourne Mark , Butt Nathalie , Byrne Margaret , Duncan David H. , Gorrod Emma , Gosper Carl R. , Jordan Rebecca , McIntyre Sue , Moore Joslin L. , Nerenberg Shana , Pulsford Stephanie , Richards Anna E. , Rogers Daniel J. , Sinclair Steve , Standish Rachel J. , Tulloch Ayesha , Travers Samantha K. , Vranjic John , White Matthew , Wilson Jenny , Begley Jim , Wright John , Yates Colin , Vesk Peter A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Global declines in ecosystem extent and condition mean there is an increasing demand for recovery and conservation plans. Conservation plans for ecological communities require a management framework with measurable, time‐bound objectives. Efficient and structured processes that facilitate timely and comparable conservation plans are essential, especially where resources are constrained.

We describe a process to streamline the development of conservation plans by combining functionally similar community sub‐types into a multi‐community State and Transition Model that can be used to guide conservation planning. We demonstrate this approach in a case study using eucalypt dominated woodlands of southern Australia—an ecosystem which occupies a vast geographical range across temperate Australia and includes many distinct vegetation communities, a growing number of which are endangered or threatened.

Australian woodland ecologists (grouped according to their knowledge of three broad woodland sub‐types) were asked to develop causal chains to describe all factors associated with transitions among woodland condition states, and estimate the likelihoods associated with each transition at two time‐scales.

The resultant State and Transition Model includes a set of eight general condition states that are common to eucalypt dominated woodlands, and 364 unique causal chains describing the drivers of all plausible transitions. We include an example of how the same information can be presented as a series of decision trees aimed at supporting on‐ground management decisions.

The case study demonstrates that it is possible to construct a detailed State and Transition Model that synthesizes knowledge across multiple similar vegetation communities. To date, State and Transition Models focused on single communities or a smaller spatial scale, and this is the first attempt to construct a nationally relevant multi‐community State and Transition Model via a structured and participatory process.

Synthesis and applications. This approach can be applied at multiple spatial scales to improve and streamline the development of robust conservation plans to improve how we plan for, implement and measure global biodiversity outcomes.
Pollen identification of three notorious illicit drug plants and its potential applications in forensic practice
Authors: Wu Yi‐Ming , Lu Li‐Li , Xie Gan , Ferguson David Kay , Guo Hong‐Ling , Wang Yu‐Fei , Li Jin‐Feng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOpium poppy, coca and cannabis are raw materials for three notorious illicit drugs. For a long time, drug lords have been growing and smuggling these drugs in a variety of ways and channels and are continually finding new ways of trafficking their wares, which has led to the increasing difficulty of global drug enforcement. In the present paper, we propose an innovative pollen identification system for these important drug plants, which provides a tool for screening and detection of the drugs to aid in drug enforcement. By utilizing the characteristics of these fine particles, their abundant production, and high resistance to decay, we believe this tool could be applied in the following scenarios: detecting and dynamically monitoring drug cultivation activities; determining whether a suspect has been to fields of drug plants and determining whether the site has ever been planted with a drug plant and/or was involved in drug production. In the future, combined with microscope automatic image acquisition technology and intelligent image recognition technology, this pollen identification system is expected to be used to screen three notorious illicit drug plants, thus enhancing the efficiency of drug related crime investigations.
Rapid geomorphic assessment walkabouts as a tool for stream mitigation monitoring
Authors: Goode Jaime R. , Hawley Robert J. , Lewis Robert H. , Mulhall Bethany 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMonitoring of compensatory stream mitigation projects conventionally relies on spatially discrete geometric data and habitat assessments collected from representative reaches. Project success is evaluated by extrapolating site‐scale metrics such as rapid bioassessment protocol (RBP) scores and time‐series changes in width‐to‐depth ratios to adjacent reaches. For example, an excellent RBP score at one location is used to infer excellent habitat in nearby reaches. This paper compares spatially discrete and continuous monitoring data from 38 km of restored stream length on a stream mitigation project in central Kentucky to document how conventional site‐level metrics may not represent conditions in adjacent reaches, particularly on projects plagued by post‐construction geomorphic instability (e.g., headcut migration, propagation of bank erosion, and chute cutoff formation). Over a 5‐year monitoring period, rapid visual assessment walkabouts documented project‐scale geomorphic process trajectories that were not captured by conventional site‐specific monitoring. Early detection of geomorphic instability from this rapid monitoring approach facilitated cost‐effective and tailored adaptive management (e.g., planting of live stakes to arrest bank erosion). Full‐census walkabouts can thereby help to improve mitigation credit valuation, enhance long‐term habitat protection, and facilitate successful steam restoration outcomes.
A roadmap for modelling radiation‐induced cardiac disease
Authors: Zhang Samuel C , Nikolova Andriana P , Kamrava Mitchell , Mak Raymond H , Atkins Katelyn M 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCardiac risk mitigation is a major priority in improving outcomes for cancer survivors as advances in cancer screening and treatments continue to decrease cancer mortality. More than half of adult cancer patients will be treated with radiotherapy (RT); therefore it is crucial to develop a framework for how to assess and predict radiation‐induced cardiac disease (RICD). Historically, RICD was modelled solely using whole heart metrics such as mean heart dose. However, data over the past decade has identified cardiac substructures which outperform whole heart metrics in predicting for significant cardiac events. Additionally, non‐RT factors such as pre‐existing cardiovascular risk factors and toxicity from other therapies contribute to risk of future cardiac events. In this review, we aim to discuss the current evidence and knowledge gaps in predicting RICD and provide a roadmap for the development of comprehensive models based on three interrelated components, (1) baseline CV risk assessment, (2) cardiac substructure radiation dosimetry linked with cardiac‐specific outcomes and (3) novel biomarker development.
Medical imaging in melioidosis – 20‐year experience in a non‐endemic Australian city
Authors: Earley Joel , Warne Richard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionMelioidosis may occasionally be encountered in non‐endemic areas and medical imaging is frequently used to identify and characterise sites of disease. The purpose of this study is to describe the spectrum of imaging findings encountered in melioidosis patients treated in the tertiary public hospitals of Perth, Western Australia, between 2002 and 2022.MethodsA database search and electronic medical record review was used to identify cases. Cases were included if they had Burkholderia pseudomallei isolated on culture and if they had at least one diagnostic imaging study performed at a Perth public tertiary hospital. The relevant imaging studies were reviewed, and imaging findings were recorded.ResultsThirty‐six cases were identified. The most common disease manifestation was bacteraemia (72%, 26 cases), followed by pulmonary infection (58%, 21 cases), skin and soft tissue infection (22%, eight cases), prostate abscess (14%, five cases) and septic arthritis (6%, two cases). A previously unreported case of isolated melioid pleural effusion was identified, as was a case of reactivated chronic latent pulmonary melioidosis with an apparent delay of over 20 years between the onset of symptoms and the time of infection. In cases with pulmonary melioidosis, the major lung abnormalities on CT chest could be categorised into one of two distinct patterns: nodular‐predominant (78%) or consolidation‐predominant (22%).ConclusionFurther research is required to assess the utility of the pattern‐based categorisation of lung abnormalities on CT chest seen in the pulmonary melioidosis cases of this series.
Cost of lost productivity in inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis in the year before and after diagnosis: An inception cohort study
Authors: Xiang Ling , Graves Nicholas , Low Andrea H. L. , Leung Ying‐Ying , Fong Warren , Gan Wee‐Hoe , Gandhi Mihir , Thumboo Julian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimExisting studies on the cost of inflammatory arthritis (IA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are often cross‐sectional and/or involve patients with various disease durations, thus not providing a comprehensive perspective on the cost of illness from the time of diagnosis. In this study, we therefore assessed the cost of lost productivity in an inception cohort of patients with IA and OA in the year before and after diagnosis.MethodsEmployment status, monthly income, days absent from work, and presenteeism were collected at diagnosis and 1 year later to estimate the annual costs of unemployment, absenteeism, and presenteeism using human capital approach. Non‐parametric bootstrapping was performed to account for the uncertainty of the estimated costs.ResultsCompared to patients with OA (n = 64), patients with IA (n = 102, including 48 rheumatoid arthritis, 19 spondyloarthritis, 23 psoriatic arthritis, and 12 seronegative IA patients) were younger (mean age: 52.3 vs. 59.5 years) with a greater proportion receiving treatment (99.0% vs. 67.2%) and a greater decrease in presenteeism score (median: 15% vs 10%) 1 year after diagnosis. Annual costs of absenteeism and presenteeism were lower in patients with IA than those with OA both in the year before (USD566 vs. USD733 and USD8,472 vs. USD10,684, respectively) and after diagnosis (USD636 vs. USD1,035 and USD6,866 vs. USD9,362, respectively).ConclusionBoth IA and OA impose substantial cost of lost productivity in the year before and after diagnosis. The greater improvement in productivity seen in patients with IA suggests that treatment for IA improves work productivity.
Association between oxidative balance score and risk of gout: The NHANES cross‐sectional study, 2007–2018
Authors: Meng Fanzhang , Lu Siyi , Li Yingzi , Zhang Chen , Kang Tianlun , Qian Tangliang , Tan Chao , Liu Xiaoping , Hou Xiujuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is a systematic tool to assess the effects of diet and lifestyle in relation to oxidative stress. The association between OBS and gout has not been reported previously. We conducted a cross‐sectional study to investigate the complex association between OBS and gout in US adults.MethodsIn all, 10 492 participants were included in this study. The exposure variable was OBS, which was scored by 16 dietary and four lifestyle factors. Multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to analyze the association between OBS and gout.ResultsCompared with the lowest OBS quartile group (Q1), the multivariate corrected odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [C]) for the highest quartile of OBS (Q4) was 0.72 (0.52–1.00) (p = .13 for trend); furthermore, the RCS showed a negative linear relationship between OBS and gout (p‐nonlinear = .606).ConclusionIn conclusion, the risk of gout is higher with high OBS. The prevalence of gout decreased with higher OBS. Diabetes may alter this negative correlation.
Trends and projection of burden on lung cancer and risk factors in China from 1990 to 2060
Authors: He Baozhen , Zhao Xingyu , Pu Yang , Sun Rong , Gao Xi , Liu Weiwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer (LC) is currently the number one malignancy death rate disease in China, and its disease burden is serious. The study aimed to analyze trends of LC and its risk factor attributable disease in China from 1990 to 2019 and predict the next 41 years.MethodsThe average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used to analyze the trend of LC and its risk factor attributable incidence, deaths, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) rate in China from 1990 to 2019, collected in the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Cochran–Armitage trends examine trends in lung cancer disease burden by sex, age, and attributable risk factor groups in China from 1990 to 2019. In addition, based on data on death and DALYs rate due to LC and its risk factors between 1990 and 2019, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was developed to predict the change in the trend of burden of disease due to LC and its risk factors over the next 41 years, and the model was evaluated using the model parameters root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the incidence, mortality and DALYs of LC were all increased. Among the eight risk factors associated with lung cancer, the DALYs rate and mortality rate of lung cancer risk factors for Chinese residents increased from 1990 to 2019, except for household air pollution from solid fuels and diet low in fruit, which showed a decrease; among them, the DALYs rate and mortality rate due to ambient particulate matter pollution showed the greatest increase with AAPC values of 2.880 and 3.310, respectively, while DALYs and mortality rates due to household air pollution from solid fuels showed the largest decreases, with AAPC values of −4.755 and −4.348, respectively. The results of the ARIMA model predictions show that both the mortality rate and the rate of DALYs for lung cancer are increasing yearly, and it is predicted that the rate of DALYs for lung cancer by 2060 will reach 740.095/100 000 and the mortality rate will reach 35.151/100 000. It is expected that by 2060, the top four risk factors for lung cancer in China will be, in order of DALYs rate and mortality rate, smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG), and secondhand smoke, with HFPG showing the greatest increase.ConclusionsThe LC burden increased from 1990 to 2019 in China, the LC burden that could be attributed to HFPG will continue to increase in the next 40 years, and will be the third most factor by 2060. Targeted interventions are warranted to facilitate the prevention of LC and improvement of health‐related quality of life patients with LC.
Principles in experimental design for evaluating genomic forecasts
Authors: Lotterhos Katie E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Over the past decade, there has been a rapid increase in the development of predictive models at the intersection of molecular ecology, genomics, and global change. The common goal of these ‘genomic forecasting’ models is to integrate genomic data with environmental and ecological data in a model to make quantitative predictions about the vulnerability of populations to climate change.

Despite rapid methodological development and the growing number of systems in which genomic forecasts are made, the forecasts themselves are rarely evaluated in a rigorous manner with ground‐truth experiments. This study reviews the evaluation experiments that have been done, introduces important terminology regarding the evaluation of genomic forecasting models, and discusses important elements in the design and reporting of ground‐truth experiments.

To date, experimental evaluations of genomic forecasts have found high variation in the accuracy of forecasts, but it is difficult to compare studies on a common ground due to different approaches and experimental designs. Additionally, some evaluations may be biased toward higher performance because training data and testing data are not independent. In addition to independence between training data and testing data, important elements in the design of an evaluation experiment include the construction and parameterization of the forecasting model, the choice of fitness proxies to measure for test data, the construction of the evaluation model, the choice of evaluation metric(s), the degree of extrapolation to novel environments or genotypes, and the sensitivity, uncertainty and reproducbility of forecasts.

Although genomic forecasting methods are becoming more accessible, evaluating their limitations in a particular study system requires careful planning and experimentation. Meticulously designed evaluation experiments can clarify the robustness of the forecasts for application in management. Clear reporting of basic elements of experimental design will improve the rigour of evaluations, and in turn our understanding of why models work in some cases and not others.
Effectiveness of residential versus outpatient therapy for smoking cessation: The START randomized clinical trial
Authors: Dickreuter Jonas Levin , Schmoor Claudia , Jähne Andreas , Bengel Jürgen , Pschichholz Barbara , Lorz Christina , Schulz Christina , Vozelj Jana , Leifert Jens Albert 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsTobacco smoking represents a major cause for preventable death and morbidity. Results from non‐randomized studies suggest that smoking cessation therapy in a residential setting might be a new viable way to facilitate smoking abstinence. We aimed to test the effects of residential multicomponent group therapy for smoking cessation compared with outpatient group therapy.DesignProspective parallel‐group open‐label randomized superiority trial, with assessments at baseline, 6 and 12 months.SettingRecruitment throughout Germany via media advertisements.ParticipantsAdult smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day) randomly assigned to residential (n = 157) or outpatient (n = 158) therapy. 51.8% female; mean age 53.2 years; mean years of smoking 34.4.Intervention and ComparatorResidential 9‐day smoking cessation group therapy comprising six daily therapy sessions and supportive interventions for cessation and daily structure embedded in the routines of a somatic rehabilitation center, compared with weekly outpatient smoking cessation group therapy (3–7 weeks) provided in routine care courses close to the participants' places of residence, both including at least 9 h of behavioral therapy.MeasurementsCo‐primary outcomes were self‐reported continuous 6‐ and 12‐month abstinence (hierarchically ordered). Primary analyses were conducted in the therapy‐uptake population including participants who started therapy with sensitivity analyses in the intention‐to‐treat population of all randomized participants.FindingsIntervention uptake rates were 87.3% (n = 137) in the residential and 60.1% (n = 95) in the outpatient group. In the therapy‐uptake population, abstinence rates were 46.7% in the residential versus 26.3% in the outpatient group at 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.39–4.33, P = 0.0019) and 39.4% versus 24.2% at 12 months (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.14–3.64, P = 0.017). Biochemically validated abstinence rates at 12 months were 33.1% in the residential versus 17.4% in the outpatient group (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.22–4.51, P = 0.011). In the intention‐to‐treat population, self‐reported and biochemically validated abstinence rates at 12 months were 34.4% in the residential versus 14.6% in the outpatient group (OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.77–5.34, P < 0.0001) and 28.6% versus 10.3% (OR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.85–6.52, P = 0.0001), respectively.ConclusionsResidential therapy exclusively for smoking cessation is feasible and effective and could be a beneficial new treatment for smokers.
Tree size partially mediates the influence of climate on fruit and seed production in Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Heckel
Authors: Hounsou‐Dindin Guillaume , Salako Kolawolé Valère , Gandji Kisito , Adomou Aristide Cossi , Assogbadjo Achille , Glèlè Kakaï Romain 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding environmental drivers of fruit and seed production in wild edible fruit species is essential for their valorisation. Ricinodendron heudelotii is an oilseed plant whose kernels are particularly treasured in cosmetic and medical industries. This study assessed fruits and seeds production patterns of R. heudelotii. Data were collected for three consecutive years on 30 trees in the phytodistricts of Plateau, Pobè and South Borgou where it naturally occurs. Tree dbh, total height, crown diameter, number of fruits and seed mass were measured. Climatic data were obtained from NASA Power Database. Data were analysed using linear (seed mass) and generalised linear (number of fruits) mixed models and structural equation modelling. Fruit and seed production were significantly higher in the South‐Borgou phytodistrict (1433 ± 1144 fruits, 4.26 ± 3.39 kg of Dry matter per tree) and Plateau phytodistrict (1.66 ± 0.35 g DM/seed). Tree dbh further significantly mediated the effect of minimum temperature, and relative humidity on seed mass. Tree dbh, irradiance and dry season rainfall were identified as the best‐predictors of seed mass production (kg DM). These results improved current knowledge of the fruit and seed production of R. heudelotii and are of significant importance for the exploitation of the species.
Recognition of psychological comorbidity and psychotherapeutic treatment status of ventricular assist device patients
Authors: Gronewold Nadine , Mayer Gwendolyn , Müller Yvonne , Levinson Rebecca T. , Bruns Bastian , Meyer Anna L. , Rivinius Rasmus , Frey Norbert , Kreusser Michael M. , Schultz Jobst‐Hendrik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDue to its high impact on quality of life and mental health, close monitoring and often psychotherapy is recommended for patients with a ventricular assist device (VAD). This study investigates the psychological comorbidity and the corresponding psychotherapeutic treatment situation of VAD patients. Special attention is also given to the professional perspective VAD team (assistant and senior cardiologists and specialized nurses).MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional observational study. Data from 50 VAD patients (mean age = 53.52, standard deviation = 13.82 years, 84.0% male) and their VAD team were analyzed. The presence of a psychological disorder was evaluated by structured clinical interviews for DSM‐IV (SCID‐I‐Interviews). Patients answered a questionnaire regarding their current psychotherapeutic treatment status and their attitude towards psychotherapy. The VAD team answered a questionnaire about the patients' needs for psychotherapy and indicated whether they addressed this topic with the patient. Data were analyzed descriptively, by analysis of variance and t‐test.ResultsA total of 58% of VAD patients suffered from at least one significant psychological disorder, 79.3% of those were not in psychotherapy. The VAD team could not identify the patients who suffered from a psychological disorder (F = 1.90; p = 0.18). They perceived more need for psychotherapy than they addressed with their patients (T = 3.39; p < 0.001).ConclusionsWhile there is a high psychological morbidity among VAD patients, only few receive psychotherapy. Psychological comorbidity is not easily detected by the VAD team. Standardized psychosocial care could be implemented by regular psychological assessments and further information of patients and their VAD teams.