bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informed Consent
Authors: Wickell Asher J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Three years along, my heart still stops a minute, some days, when you first walk in the door. I wonder if I’ll look like I know what I’m doing. I wonder if I’ll feel like I know what I’m doing—and whether you’ll notice. Sometimes, I can hold my curiosity out away from my anxiety; those are good days. Others, all my questions collapse into panic. I can worry about anything—how shaggy my beard is getting, or whether I wore the same shirt on this day last week, or if you already know I’m trans, and what it will be like for each of us when you find out. There are still stretches when I’m not at all certain I’m doing a convincing impression of “therapist.” The parts of myself I trust most are reasonably sure this is irrelevant to how much of a therapist I actually am. I try to remind myself of that, when I can’t get around to eating breakfast because my stomach is so unsettled over my next intake. Don’t take it personally—it’s definitely me, not you—but, of course, the same hesitation walks toe-to-heel with us both.
Introduction
Authors: Ostovar Afshon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of how Iran’s support for Russia’s war on Ukraine evinces Iran’s ambitions to check Western hegemony, the shifting geopolitical orientation of Middle East states, and their growing importance in great power competition. It then outlines the central arguments of the book. It examines leading explanations for why the Middle East seems prone to conflict (foreign involvement, the resource curse, and weak state capacity), and suggests such explanations do not account for the role of agency of states, leaders, and non-state groups. It then discusses unsolved issues that attract outside intervention (Palestinian-Israeli conflict, Kurdish dilemma, and Iran’s nuclear program) and the major fault-lines in regional competition. It further explores how defense spending underpins competition, reveals power disparities, and shapes grand strategies (especially that of Iran) and provides context by discussing major conflicts and turning points of the 20th century that continue to reverberate in the 21st century.
Introduction
Authors: Fullington Doug , Smith Marian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This introduction begins with the point that while ballets are handed down, dancer to dancer, through oral tradition, there also exists a great wealth of documents that offers explicit written information about how many nineteenth-century ballets were performed in their earliest incarnations. This book is based largely on findings from three types of such documents: annotated répétiteurs, staging manuals created by Henri Justamant, and choreographic notations made in the Stepanov system. After providing information about these three types of documents, the authors offer a brief summary of the history of the Stepanov system, followed by a discussion of Nikolai Sergeyev’s reputation as notator and stager, arguing (after Roland John Wiley and Tim Scholl) that he has been unjustly maligned. Finally, the authors enumerate several other types of archival documents that they have used in the preparation of the book.
Mass Release, Faltering, and New Resistance
Authors: Bernstein Alyssa G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains how the changes described in the previous chapters transformed the Prisoners Movement. Focusing on the importance of emotions in framing a social movement, it explains how a sense of betrayal took root among Fatah members following the Oslo Accords. They lost interest in maintaining the structures of the Prisoners Movement, including daily schedules, compulsory education, and security. At the same time, the number of Hamas members was rising. Unlike Fatah, Hamas rejected the Oslo Accords from the outset and did not experience the same disillusionment. They maintained their internal discipline and took over some leadership of the Movement. A new strategy to cope with imprisonment, termed here ‘biding time’, arose. The chapter posits that this strategy, which aims to make prison as comfortable as possible, is part of the Palestinian strategy of sabr, or patience, a means of resistance for a long-term conflict.
Epilogue: Does the Prisoners Movement Still Exist?
Authors: Bernstein Alyssa G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Epilogue sums up this book’s major findings and extends its analysis of the Prisoners Movement to 2021. Using three case studies and the explanations of still-imprisoned Palestinian political leaders, it explores whether the Prisoners Movement has any power within Israeli prisons. Looking at Marwan Barghouti’s 2017 hunger strike, clashes in 2019 between Hamas and the Israel Prison Service over the installation of cell-phone-blocking devices, and finally at the 2021 escape through the ‘Tunnel of Freedom’ in Gilboa prison, the chapter shows that Palestinian prisoners still control a great deal of the environment of their ‘fortresses’. The Prisoners Movement, and Palestinians in prison generally, respond to and symbolically lead Palestinian resistance. In prison, where Israeli power has the greatest weight, Palestinians are not immune from the issues plaguing group resistance overall, yet might still innovate ways to overcome them.
Why Bother and Why It Matters?
Authors: Wordsworth Sam , Veeder Marie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers how legal institutions may suddenly crumble, with the focus being the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), including by reference to the sudden loss of its two most senior officers and threats to its budget. The question of why it matters is addressed by reference to an example from history, the fate of the 1908 La Brea concession in Peru. In 1921, Great Britain and Peru had been able to agree to a one-off arbitration treaty and the then dispute was resolved. No such remedy could be agreed or was available in 1963, when a further and acrimonious dispute developed, which ultimately led to scandal and to a military coup, followed, in turn, by economic ruin. Hence why investment arbitration matters, and ICSID too.
The Importance of a Party Treating as Independent Its Independent Arbitrator
Authors: Wordsworth Sam , Veeder Marie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the importance of the appointment of an arbitrator who exercises their duties with strict independence, focusing on the catastrophic appointment of the then Lord Chief Justice Sir Alexander Cockburn as arbitrator in the Alabama Claims Arbitration, who was openly partisan and discourteous. The author observes that the appointment of a partisan arbitrator is counterproductive because he/she loses influence with the presiding arbitrator. A party-appointed arbitrator should ensure that all the arguments of the appointing party get a thorough and fair hearing; while, importantly, a party’s appointment of an independent arbitrator carries with it an obligation to respect that arbitrator’s independence.
Pathogens II
Authors: Stearns Stephen C. , Medzhitov Ruslan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses how pathogens evade and suppress host defences and how their virulence and resistance evolve. Bacteria and protozoa evade the immune system by varying the surface molecules recognized by the immune system. Some hide from the immune system within cells and manipulate them; some hide within cysts. Viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and worms all have ways to suppress the immune response. The virulence of a pathogen evolves to maintain pathogen fitness. It is influenced by how virulence affects transmission, the degree to which transmission is horizontal versus vertical, the frequency of single versus multiple infections, and whether the pathogen infects one or several host species. The virulence of a pathogen that spills over into a new host is unpredictable. Human interventions, including vaccinations, can influence the evolution of virulence. Resistance to antibiotics evolves quickly, spreads widely, and undermines therapy. Treatment strategies depend importantly on whether resistance genes in the infected host arise by de-novo mutations or were already present in the initial infection. It is critical that we develop ways to delay, avoid, or prevent the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Evolution-proof therapies are being explored.
Applying evolutionary thinking in the clinic
Authors: Stearns Stephen C. , Medzhitov Ruslan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses evolutionary insights that impact clinical treatments. The insight that symptoms are there for evolutionary reasons supports watchful waiting and cautious intervention when an ill person presents with fever or tonsillitis. The insight that chemotherapy selects resistance among cancer clones leads to strategies of adaptive therapy for the solid cancers that can be visualized. The crisis in antibiotic resistance calls for multiple alternative antimicrobial therapies. A promising one is phage therapy designed to exploit trade-offs that bacteria cannot avoid. It is saving lives and reducing suffering. When the gut microbiota is disrupted by antibiotics or surgery, resulting in Clostridioides difficile infections, fecal transplants are effective. Prebiotics and probiotics are also beneficial in certain cases. High-throughput sequencing at reasonable cost is allowing polygenic risk scores to be used to guide clinical therapy against a background of genome evolution that reflects the diversity produced by recent evolutionary history—a foundation of personalized medicine.
Epilogue
Authors: Jenks Tom 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Epilogue recounts an incident in which Baldwin, already a well-known and respected figure, having been invited to dinner by a white writer friend, was denied entrance by the doorman of the apartment building. Discussion and comparison of the relationship between “Sonny’s Blues” and Edward P. Jones’s “All Aunt Hagar’s Children,” which comes a half century later than Baldwin’s story and represents some aspects of social improvement and some worsened conditions, while regarding possibilities for the future, which was also Baldwin’s concern. Consideration of story writing as myth-making and revivification of archetypal motifs in progressively contemporary terms from age to age. Touches on today’s racial struggles and Baldwin’s focus on law, or justice, and on the human heart at the core of understanding and the willingness to create change and renewal.
Introduction: At the frontier of imagination. The Indian Diary of Vera Luboshinsky (1938-1945)
Authors: Deák Dušan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Indian Diary of Vera Luboshinsky, a Russian émigré to Czechoslovakia, was written during the time she lived with the royal family of the Nawab of Bhopal and travelled across the Indian subcontinent. It is a rich autobiographical account completely unknown to global audiences. Written at the time of the Second World War, it contains Vera’s observations of India, ranging from comments on the lifestyle of the royal family and the people of Bhopal to her reflections on politics and her search for ‘the Indian India’. Drawing on current research of life histories, this Introduction presents the personal history of the Luboshinskys and the history of Vera’s Diary. It discusses Vera’s narrative strategy, which on the one hand claims to ‘write about our life in India and write the truth’, and on the other presents a literary account full of personal views, displaying the author’s deliberate and careful attempt to depict an imagined India and share it with her potential readers. The Introduction argues that the richness of content and the intensity of Vera’s engagement with the subject of India in her writing, illustrate how an individual life history can translate into a literary account that, despite being intertextually coded and individually framed, connects and creates several pasts. This, in turn, helps to revisit the social processes that modernity imprinted on non-Indian—and, in particular, female and Eastern European—representations of the experienced Indian realities.
A Day in the Life of . . .
Authors: Rai Shirin M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
What did you do yesterday? This is the question that animates this chapter. Analyzing the time used in social reproductive and paid labor by eight women across class boundaries in one day of their lives in New Delhi, this chapter explores how women from different social classes organize their paid and unpaid work, and how this is narrated, valued, and translated into everyday strategies of mitigating and replenishing to reverse depletion? How is this labor valued by those who do it and those who don’t? What philosophical, gendered, political, and social histories are harnessed in these narratives on work? The research presented in this chapter suggests that women experience depletion through modes of caring; those who are in paid employment value their work; and all women wish to be valued for their work within the home.
Postcards to the Future
Authors: Rai Shirin M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the idea of depletion and anticipatory harm through examining the campaign of the Amadiba community to protect its everyday way of life in the Wild Coast region of South Africa. The members of the Amadiba communities anticipate harm, articulate it, resist it, and are also depleted by it. The deep connection between gender relations, ecologies and temporalities of depletion can be seen through people anticipating the harm to their communities and their life-worlds. The community pushes back against this threat, to generate a politics that aims to mitigate, replenish, and transform social relations. This story of anticipating harm provides an important lens to think through depletion as the costs of social reproduction and of resistance to the threat to the ecologies of communities.
Hebrew Letters
Authors: Jortner Adam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter tells the story of how religious freedom in the American Revolution came as political change and religious choice. It focuses on the letter of Moses Seixas and the Newport Jews to George Washington, asking whether Jews would have full citizenship in the independent United States. Jews had received uneven and unequal treatment prior to the war, even in Rhode Island, which had been founded as a haven of religious tolerance. As the new American government got underway, President Washington made deliberate efforts to include small religious groups as full citizens—including the Jews of Newport. The letters of Seixas and Washington became a plank in the American history of religious freedom, indicating that the new relationship of faith and citizenship in the republic was not just an extension of British habits, but the decision of a free people.
The Jew Bill
Authors: Jortner Adam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the odyssey of the Jew Bill, Thomas Kennedy’s efforts to expand the rights of officeholding to Jews. This event saw Maryland politics divided into the “Christian Ticket” and the “No Jew Bill Ticket” in 1823. The opponents of the Jew Bill proceeded to give the loudest denunciation of Jewish civil rights as a threat to Christian belief yet heard in the independent United States. Those in favor of the Bill pointed repeatedly to the words and deeds of Founding Fathers as supporters of broad religious citizenship. According to Jew Bill supporters, religious freedom for all was a revolutionary ideal that became a reality as the nation achieved independence. Opponents claimed that the Constitution and revolution were contracts that only applied to Christians at the moment of their creation. This idea has sometimes been cited in the modern age as evidence of “original intent,” but it is historically false. The Jew Bill eventually passed, but its legacy points out that religious freedom must be built and rebuilt by every generation
pēē ä wēē, an Outrageous Clatter, and Other Sounds of Acclimatization
Authors: Hui Alexandra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces the shifting sounds of European starlings following their introduction to North America at the end of the nineteenth century. Determining how and why the hearing of the birds’ sounds changed over the time offers an answer to the question of whether sounds themselves are subject to acclimatization. The public-facing rhetoric of naturalists and USDA scientists documenting the spread of the starling reflected anxiety about human immigration, sharing concerns about noise, clatter, and din. Further, I show how the sounds of abatement and modern industrialized agriculture became interchangeable with the sounds of the bird itself. Perhaps these human-made bird sounds are the sound of acclimatization?
Introduction
Authors: Oyallon-Koloski Jenny 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This introduction lays the historical, analytical, and theoretical foundations that support the book. It begins by establishing the importance of cinematic choreography and figure movement as narrative and stylistic tools in musical cinema. Elements of film form mediate the movements of the human figure in significant ways, and filmmakers have learned to draw on key craft practices to guide viewer attention, communicate narrative and stylistic information, and solve aesthetic problems. To demonstrate these strategies, the introduction expands on the book’s methodological foundations in film studies, videographic criticism, Laban/Bartenieff Movement Studies, and performative research. It then emphasizes why the industrial specificity of the film musical makes it an ideal study for discussions of figure movement on screen.
The Great Depression
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 33 of Within You Without You, “The Great Depression,” considers the possibility that George Harrison may have suffered from clinical depression. Song titles alone tell half the story: “For You Blue,” “Deep Blue,” “So Sad,” “Tired of Midnight Blue,” “Grey Cloudy Lies,” and “Teardrops,” to name just a few. The color blue, clouds, darkness, tears, and greyness are words and concepts Harrison repeatedly turned to in his songwriting. In interviews, Harrison and his wife Olivia alluded to “clouds of gloom” over his head. It is no great stretch to conclude that Harrison viewed the world through eyes full of tears hidden behind blue-tinted glasses.
Structural Violence Is Self-Repairing
Authors: Ruíz Elena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 addresses the question: What is “structural” about “structural violence” in the context of systemic racism in settler colonial societies? It elucidates the standard social scientific view of structural violence used in the social sciences and humanities, and it critiques the critical feature of this view as having “no identifiable culprit or aggressor.” It tracks the influence of this view on feminist political philosophy and associated views of “structural injustice.” It traces various projects in voter suppression, implicit-bias training, and philosophy as part of the machinery of oppression produced by structural violence, and it outlines an anticolonial theory of social regeneration that accounts for the self-repairing and adaptive features of settler colonial white supremacy.
Structural Violence Is by Design
Authors: Ruíz Elena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 argues that structural violence is intentional through an extended look at “gaslighting.” This chapter shows how intentionally structured harm can exist without invoking psychological notions of individual intent. It explains the social engineering behind distribution-of-harm designs in settler colonial cultures by looking at structural invariance in healthcare metrics, such as Black maternal mortality rates. It introduces the notion of “cultural gaslighting” as a heuristic for identifying the intentional features of white dynastic formations and tracking the impacts of such predesigned harms in the daily lives of women of color. This chapter also argues that the US legal system is specifically designed to reject legal claims based on structural violence and explains why this is critical to its ability to operationalize racial violence while extending civil rights protections in name only.
Be Plural! A Poet’s Creed
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fernando Pessoa was not the first to associate the creed of the poet with a demand to be many. We can better appreciate what makes Pessoa unique by way of a brief review of his premodern precursors. In a letter dated October 27, 1818, the Romantic poet John Keats famously described the poet as a chameleon. Likewise, Hazlitt’s Shakespeare has only to exercise his formidable powers of imagination, anticipation, and intuition in order to “become that thing,” and in so doing to think what it thinks, feel what it feels, and in general experience the world as it does, from its perspective. Against the background of these two premodern understandings of the poet’s creed, Pessoa comes out with a radically new and modern one. He enacts his motto “Be plural like the universe!” by becoming a plurality of poets, including the famous triplet in Portuguese literature.
Government
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses government buildings. It elaborates on how the placement of government sends a political message, like how the location of the executive branch in Putrajaya is superior compared to the legislature. Symbolism is reflected in the degree of centrality, and the connections and hierarchies between important buildings and places. The chapter then identifies that there are two types of capital cities in the most recent times: the classic model and the modernist model. The chapter explains that ideal cities, not intended as a commercial venture, express political values in built form, citing that Renaissance city planning translated to capital cities throughout Europe.
Towers in a Park
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the significance of towers in parks. By the late 19th century, the skyscraper ushered in a new level of vertical monumentalism that held exclusively corporate and commercial powers. Tall buildings set in parks were more visible as monuments to rationality and the rule of reason. The chapter explains how towers in parks separate people from the ground and their surroundings, which correlates to their sense of belonging and actions. Thus, urban districts composed of high-rise living are regularly interpreted as places where people are alienated from each other and the outside world. However, skyscrapers can also be interpreted as a reconciliation of density and green space.
Washington Recedes
Authors: Chervinsky Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the fall of 1796, the Republican and Federalist parties waged a presidential campaign for the first time. They met in caucuses to nominate candidates: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr for the Republicans, and John Adams and Thomas Pinckney for the Federalists. Following eighteenth-century custom, both Adams and Jefferson remained at home, while their supporters organized events, coordinated voter efforts, and published pieces in partisan newspapers. The campaign centered around questions of foreign policy and how the presidency might work without George Washington at the helm.
Massacre the Inhabitants
Authors: Chervinsky Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
On May 9, 1798—the date President Adams had set aside as a day of fasting and prayer—mob violence swept through the city of Philadelphia. Although state authorities restored order and prevented widespread destruction, the chaos confirmed many Federalists’ worst fears about the influx of immigration, partisan organizing, and inflammatory (and often false) speech in newspapers. Many of these threats appeared to be the product of a nefarious partnership between France and the Republican Party. In response, Congress passed a series of laws to limit citizenship, restrict free speech, and empower the president to deport resident aliens.