bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating prediction error in microarray classification: Modifications of the 0.632+ bootstrap when ${\bf n} < {\bf p}$
Authors: Jiang Wenyu , Chen Bingshu E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe are interested in estimating prediction error for a classification model built on high dimensional genomic data when the number of genes (p) greatly exceeds the number of subjects (n). We examine a distance argument supporting the conventional 0.632+ bootstrap proposed for the$n > p$scenario, modify it for the$n < p$situation and develop learning curves to describe how the true prediction error varies with the number of subjects in the training set. The curves are then applied to define adjusted resampling estimates for the prediction error in order to achieve a balance in terms of bias and variability. The adjusted resampling methods are proposed as counterparts of the 0.632+ bootstrap when$n < p$, and are found to improve on the 0.632+ bootstrap and other existing methods in the microarray study scenario when the sample size is small and there is some level of differential expression.The Canadian Journal of Statistics41: 133–150; 2013 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Likelihood inference in complex settings
Authors: Reid N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractInference based on the likelihood function owes much to theory developed some decades ago. What is the current role of likelihood in developing strategies for the analysis of very large data sets, often with very high dimension, and complex dependencies? This paper considers some aspects of this question with emphasis on problems in stochastic modelling, estimating equations, and survey methodology.The Canadian Journal of Statistics40: 731–744; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
The reaming of life: based on the 2010 Jim Gray eScience Award Lecture
Authors: Bourne Philip E 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYWe are well into the era of data intensive‐digital scientific discovery, an era defined by Jim Gray as the Fourth Paradigm. From my own perspective of the life sciences, much has been accomplished, but there is much to do if we are to maximize our understanding of biological systems given the data we have today, let alone what is coming. In my 2010 Jim Gray eScience Award Lecture, I gave my own thoughts on what needs to be accomplished, and with an additional year of hindsight, I expand on that here. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase Transitions of Finite Dust Clusters in Dusty Plasmas
Authors: Melzer A. , Schella A. , Miksch T. , Schablinkski J. , Block D. , Piel A. , Thomsen H. , Kählert H. , Bonitz M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPhase transitions of finite systems of charged microspheres trapped in a gaseous discharge plasma in twodimensional and three‐dimensional arrangements are investigated. Novel experimental techniques to drive phase transitions in these dust clusters as well as advanced theoretical concepts to quantitatively characterize these transitions are presented (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Towards a Particle Based Simulation of Complex Plasma Driven Nanocomposite Formation
Authors: Bonitz M. , Rosenthal L. , Fujioka K. , Zaporojtchenko V. , Faupel F. , Kersten H. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn overview on particle‐based simulation of nanocomposite formation in a magnetron plasma is given. After discussing recent kinetic Monte Carlo results for metal cluster growth and diffusion, new results for the simulation of co‐sputtering of metal and polymer are presented. Then, the second method based on molecular dynamics is discussed and time‐resolved results for the coalescence of two clusters in the plasma are shown. We conclude with an outlook on the prospects for an integrated simulation of cluster growth in the plasma coupled to the surface deposition phase (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of Barrier Discharges: Operation Modes and Structure Formation
Authors: Bogaczyk M. , Nemschokmichal S. , Wild R. , Stollenwerk L. , Brandenburg R. , Meichsner J. , Wagner H.‐E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA discharge cell configuration combining three high‐end diagnostic techniques (cross‐correlation spectroscopy, electro‐optic Pockels effect and laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy) has been developed. The joint application of these diagnostics enables the investigation of surface and bulk processes in barrier discharges in different arrangements. Surface charge density, N2(A) metastable state density, and optical radiation of plasma as three key parameters can be measured and correlated under identical and well‐defined experimental conditions. Systematic measurements of absolute surface charge densities and nitrogen metastable concentrations are presented for different operation modes. The operation mode is mainly controlled by the gas composition, the discharge cell geometry, and the properties of the applied voltage. In particular, in pure helium the unusual Townsend‐like discharge was investigated in detail. The described arrangements and the knowledge about reproducible control of discharge modes are an excellent base for the systematic investigation of the interaction between plasma and dielectric surface and its role on the formation, development, and structure of barrier discharges (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phase Diagram of Bilayer Electron‐Hole Plasmas
Authors: Schleede J. , Filinov A. , Bonitz M. , Fehske H. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe investigate exciton bound‐state formation and crystallization effects in two‐dimensional electron‐hole bilayers. Performing unbiased path integral Monte Carlo simulations all quantum and Coulomb correlation effects are treated on first principles. We analyze diverse pair distribution functions in dependence on the layer separation, particle density and hole‐to‐electron mass ratio and derive a schematic phase diagram for the neutral mass‐asymmetric bilayer system. Our simulations reveal a great variety of possible phases namely an exciton gas, an exciton crystal, an electron‐hole liquid and a hole crystal embedded in an electron gas (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nash bargaining solution based joint time‐frequency‐code‐power resource management algorithm for TD‐LTE systems
Authors: Zhao Liqiang , Wang Yuanyuan , Yang Kun , Yi Jiangtao , Zhang Hailin 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a joint time‐frequency‐code‐power resource management algorithm based on the Nash bargaining solution in time‐division long term evolution systems. First, a joint radio resource allocation scheme at the time, frequency, code and power domain simultaneously is provided for the time‐division long term evolution system. Second, the proposed algorithm is modeled as a cooperative game under the constraints of each user's minimal rate requirement and available resources, for example, the maximal transmitting power. To reduce the computational complexity, the joint resource allocation algorithm is divided into time‐frequency‐code and power domain resource allocation. Also, we could approach the Pareto optimal rate as closely as possible by iterations. Simulation results show that compared with the other resource allocation algorithms, the proposed algorithm has achieved a good tradeoff between the overall system throughput and fairness among different users. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of TALE genes expression during the first lineage segregation in mammalian embryos
Authors: Sonnet Wendy , Rezsöhazy Rene , Donnay Isabelle 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground: Three amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeodomain‐containing transcription factors are generally recognized for their role in organogenesis and differentiation during embryogenesis. However, very little is known about the expression and function of Meis, Pbx, and Prep genes during early development. Results: In order to determine whether TALE proteins could contribute to the early cell fate decisions in mammalian development, this study aimed to characterize in a systematic manner the pattern of expression of all Meis, Pbx, and Prep genes from the precompaction to blastocyst stage corresponding to the first step of cell differentiation in mammals. To reveal to what extent TALE genes expression at these early stages is a conserved feature among mammals, this study was performed in parallel in the bovine and mouse models. We demonstrated the transcription and translation of TALE genes, before gastrulation in the two species. At least one member of Meis, Pbx, and Prep subfamilies was found expressed at the RNA and protein levels but different patterns of expression were observed between genes and between species, suggesting specific gene regulations. Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest a previously unexpected involvement of these factors during the early development in mammals. Developmental Dynamics 241:1827–1835, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental study of the fire resistance of walls and floors constructed with steel studs and steel joists
Authors: Kwon In‐Kyu , Jee NamYong 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTSteel‐framed houses using light‐gauge steel as a structural member have been developed and constructed since the early 2000s as a new construction pattern in the low‐rise construction market in Korea. Generally, the steel frames consist of two major load‐carrying elements such as load‐bearing wall and floor construction made up of approximately 1.0‐mm cold‐formed light‐gauge steel and light‐weight boards. Therefore, the steel frames are very simple to construct and make the construction period shorter than the ordinary construction type or concrete‐based construction. In Korea, regardless of the construction material types, the building regulation requires 1‐h fire rating for apartment buildings of four stories or under. To meet the fire resistance, new models of load‐bearing wall and floor should be developed. From the fire test results, two layer gypsum boards of 12.5 mm in thickness reinforced with glass fiber were proven satisfactory to provide 1‐h fire resistance with load‐bearing wall and floor. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated wildfire risk assessment: Framework development and application on the Lewis and Clark National Forest in Montana, USA
Authors: Thompson Matthew P , Scott Joe , Helmbrecht Don , Calkin Dave E 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The financial, socioeconomic, and ecological impacts of wildfire continue to challenge federal land management agencies in the United States. In recent years, policymakers and managers have increasingly turned to the field of risk analysis to better manage wildfires and to mitigate losses to highly valued resources and assets (HVRAs). Assessing wildfire risk entails the interaction of multiple components, including integrating wildfire simulation outputs with geospatial identification of HVRAs and the characterization of fire effects to HVRAs. We present an integrated and systematic risk assessment framework that entails 3 primary analytical components: 1) stochastic wildfire simulation and burn probability modeling to characterize wildfire hazard, 2) expert-based modeling to characterize fire effects, and 3) multicriteria decision analysis to characterize preference structures across at-risk HVRAs. We demonstrate application of this framework for a wildfire risk assessment performed on the Little Belts Assessment Area within the Lewis and Clark National Forest in Montana, United States. We devote particular attention to our approach to eliciting and encapsulating expert judgment, in which we: 1) adhered to a structured process for using expert judgment in ecological risk assessment, 2) used as our expert base local resource scientists and fire/fuels specialists who have a direct connection to the specific landscape and HVRAs in question, and 3) introduced multivariate response functions to characterize fire effects to HVRAs that consider biophysical variables beyond fire behavior. We anticipate that this work will further the state of wildfire risk science and will lead to additional application of risk assessment to inform land management planning. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 329–342. © 2012 SETAC
Recycling of off‐grade pet via partial alcoholysis to synthesize functionalized pet oligomer nanocomposites
Authors: Zahedi Ali Reza , Rafizadeh Mehdi , Taromi Faramarz Afshar 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOff‐grade poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) of industrial manufacturers was partially depolymerized using excess ethylene glycol in the presence of manganese acetate as a transesterification catalyst to synthesize PET oligomers. Influences of reaction time, Ethylene Glycol (EG)/PET molar ratio, catalyst concentrations, and particle size of off‐grade PET on yield of partial glycolysis reaction were investigated based on Box–Behnken's design of experiment. Thermal analyses of glycolyzed products are examined by differential scanning calorimetry. The optimum samples were also well‐characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR). The optimal conditions to synthesize PET oligomer (melting point of about 180°C) for a 120‐min glycolysis reaction time were EG/PET molar ratio of 2 with no catalyst using granule‐shaped PET. The same results were obtained for a 60‐min glycolysis reaction time, including EG/PET molar ratio of 1 with the weight ratio (catalyst to PET) of 0.5% using average particle size of PET. Then, maleated PET as a compatibilizer for preparing PET nanocomposites was produced via reaction between maleic anhydride/phthalic anhydride composition and optimized PET oligomers based on central composite design of experiment. The combination of reaction time of 106 min and PhA/MA molar ratio of 0.85 gave the best results based on d‐spacing and peak shift of nanocomposite samples. Hence, melt mixing of maleated PET with organoclay produced a good intercalation of layered silicate and good dispersion of clay in maleated PET matrix. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was studied for both glycolyzed products and functionalized PET oligomers. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Prenatal genetic counseling and consanguinity
Authors: Posch Angela , Springer Stephanie , Langer Martin , Blaicher Wibke , Streubel Berthold , Schmid Maximilian 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of consanguineous patients at a Western European prenatal genetic counseling clinic and to describe demographic as well as health‐related characteristics of this patient group.MethodRetrospective analysis of 1964 primary consultations at the Prenatal Genetic Counseling Outpatient Clinic at the Medical University of Vienna General Hospital in Austria. Characteristics of consanguineous patients were compared with those of a control group of not‐related unions.ResultsA total of 8.9% (174/1964) of all patients lived in a consanguineous union, meaning they were related as second cousin or closer [78.7% (137/174) first cousin, 14.4% (25/174) second cousin, 6.3% (11/174) first cousin once removed or 0.6% (1/174) uncle/niece]. Consanguineous patients were significantly younger (26.6 ± 5.4 vs 30.4 ± 6.5, p < 0.01) and of non‐Austrian background [92.5% (161/174) vs 32.8% (57/174), p < 0.01] than not‐related controls. Forty‐six per cent (80/174) were referred during an ongoing pregnancy. The main counseling issue was family history of consanguinity (ICD Z84.3) in 31.6% (55/174) of cases.ConclusionsEstimations of the prevalence of consanguinity among the general population in Western Europe likely highly underestimate the evaluated prevalence among patients referred for prenatal genetic counseling. Counseling strategies need to take into consideration that consanguineous patients are more likely to be young and have an immigrant background. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermomechanical and tensile properties of gamma‐ray irradiated blends of cis‐polyisoprene and trans‐polyisoprene
Authors: Baboo Mahesh , Sharma Kananbala , Saxena N.S. , Kumar Manmohan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the present article, the effect of γ‐ray irradiation of doses 14.85, 30, and 45 kGy on the thermomechanical and tensile properties of blends of cis‐polyisoprene and trans‐polyisoprene have been investigated. The results on thermomechanical properties show that glass transition temperature increases and height of tan δ of material decreases with increasing radiation dose. Tensile measurements reveal that all the tensile properties like tensile strength, Young's modulus, and toughness also show an increasing trend with increasing dose of radiation. This increasing behavior of both thermomechanical and tensile properties has been explained through crystallinity and crosslink density induced by radiation. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
In‐situ Preparation of a Porous Copper Based Nano‐Energetic Composite and Its Electrical Ignition Properties
Authors: Zhang Fang , Wang Yan‐Lan , Fu Dong‐Xiao , Li Li‐Ming , Yin Guo‐Fu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this paper, the in‐situ preparation and characterization of a porous copper‐sodium perchlorate energetic nano‐composite (PCu/NaClO4) and its electrical ignition properties are presented. Porous copper was in‐situ produced by electro‐deposition on a Ni/Cr alloy wire, which acts as a cathode during the electro‐deposition. The PCu/NaClO4 nano‐composite was produced by dipping the bridge with porous copper into a saturated sodium perchlorate acetone solution. SEM, EDS, and XRD were used to characterize the composite and DSC was used to study the thermal decomposition of the composite. The copper grain size was reduced by using additives such as CTAB in the electrolyte. The PCu/NaClO4 nano‐composite on the bridge can be ignited by feeding a current through the bridge and the ignition delay time and electrical ignition sensitivity were measured.
Estimating deformations of random processes for correlation modelling: methodology and the one‐dimensional case
Authors: Michel Y. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe introduce the use of spatial deformations for the modelling of background‐error correlations in data assimilation with large dimensions of the state variable. Usually, the background‐error covariance matrix is split into standard deviations and correlations. In this framework, a proposal is made to model the correlations as the space deformation of a stationary correlation model. The ‘shape from texture’ approach introduced in the computer vision community is an algorithm that estimates the relative deformation gradient and relies on a continuous wavelet analysis. It is also shown that it is possible to estimate the deformation gradient from a simple length‐scale diagnosis and both approaches are compared. Then, a change of coordinate is derived from the numerical integration of the deformation gradient, opening the path to build the approximate correlation model.Many variational data‐assimilation schemes use a square‐root form to construct the background‐error covariance matrix and it is shown how the deformation can be easily included in such a formulation. This approach is of interest in allowing for objective geographical inhomogeneities of the structure functions. The deformed matrix is of slightly reduced rank, but this can be compensated for by a regularization. There is no need for additional normalization as is the case when one models correlations with wavelet frames or recursive filters. The algorithm has a similar computational cost to these two other approaches. Results are illustrated with real data from one‐dimensional temperature forecast errors produced by an operational atmospheric model. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
On the sporadic nature of meridional heat transport by transient eddies
Authors: Messori G. , Czaja A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe present study analyses meridional atmospheric heat transport, due to transient eddies, in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ERA‐Interim reanalysis. Daily, 0.7° latitude and longitude resolution data at the 850 mb pressure level are used. Probability density functions (PDFs) of meridional transient‐eddy heat transport display a near‐zero most likely value and a very large skewness, which highlights the dominant role played by extreme events. When considering zonal sections, in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, events in the top five percentiles typically contribute to over half of the net poleward transport. As a result of this sensitivity to extremes, a large fraction of the heat transport by transient eddies, at a given location and season, is realised through randomly spaced bursts (a few per season), rather than through a continuum of events.The predominance of extreme events can be explained by the favourable phase relationship between meridional velocity and moist static energy temporal anomalies. This and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the events are compatible with Eady‐type growing systems. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Quantification of the importance of wind drift to the surface distribution of orographic rain on the occasion of the extreme Cockermouth flood in Cumbria
Authors: Lean H. W. , Browning K. A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe 1.5 km grid length version of the Met Office Unified Model has been used to investigate a case of persistent orographic rain. The event gave up to almost 400 mm of rain locally in 48 h and led to severe flooding in the vicinity of the Cumbrian hills of northwest England in November 2009. A strong and moist low‐level jet (LLJ) was responsible for the heavy rain by the Bergeron seeder–feeder mechanism. The LLJ led to strong ascent and high liquid water content in the low‐level feeder cloud above the hills. The LLJ also caused the raindrops to drift a considerable horizontal distance as they fell through the feeder cloud. The version of the model that was used incorporates prognostic rain and it was run with and without the effect of wind drift. This showed that the area of rainfall exceeding 250 mm in 48 h was displaced some 8 km, taking it from a position largely upwind of a major watershed to a position largely downwind of it. Although there was flooding on both the windward and leeward sides of the hills, the most severe flooding occurred on the leeward side, notably in the catchments feeding the rivers through Cockermouth. The shift in the position of the maximum rainfall gave a 70% increase in the rainfall in these catchments when wind drift was included.