bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse-led telehealth and mobile health care models for type 2 diabetes and hypertension in low-income US populations: A scoping review
Authors: Oh Kyeung Mi , Cieslowski Bethany , Beran Krista , Elnahas Nora H. , Steves Stacey Leigh , Sutter Rebecca E. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Increasing numbers of underserved people with chronic diseases and decreasing providers in rural areas have contributed to the care shortage in the United States. Nurse-led telehealth/mobile care models have potential benefits for this population. However, there is a substantial gap in the literature regarding this topic.

Purpose:
To examine the available literature on nurse-led telehealth/mobile health care models with a particular focus on care model settings, nursing roles, care components, achieved outcomes, and the identification of both facilitative factors and encountered challenges. The ultimate goal is to offer recommendations based on these findings, thereby aiding the development or refinement of evidence-based care models that meet to the unique needs of low-income populations.

Methodology:
Literature published from 2010 to 2023 was searched in six electronic databases (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Communication and Mass Media Complete, Medline, APA PsycINFO, Social Sciences Index, and Web of Science databases).

Results:
Commonalities identified among included studies with significant improvements were the provision of home monitors and education to participants, multiple engagements, and extensive community and/or family involvement.

Conclusions:
Nurse-led telehealth/mobile health care models for chronic diseases are an emerging approach. Nurse educators must ensure that future nurses are adept in diverse telehealth modes, collaborating across disciplines. Leveraging advanced practice registered nurses and interdisciplinary teams provides holistic care.

Implications:
Our review outlined recent research findings that suggest enhanced patient outcomes through technology, communication, and community support. In addition, we offered suggestions for future research and practice, emphasizing the importance of exploring the requirements of diverse and underserved communities.
Budesonide Versus Mesalamine in Microscopic Colitis
Authors: Malik Adnan , Goyal Hemant , Adler Douglas G. , Javaid Sadia , Malik Muhammad Imran , Singh Shailendra , Nadir Abdul , Abegunde Ayokunle T. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory bowel disease of autoimmune origin that causes chronic watery diarrhea. Medications, including budesonide, mesalamine, loperamide, cholestyramine, and bismuth subsalicylate, are first-line therapies. Meanwhile, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and methotrexate are indicated for refractory MC.

Objective:
We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of budesonide compared with mesalamine for induction of remission in MC patients.

Methods:
We searched the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed for relevant clinical trials comparing either mesalamine or budesonide with a control group. We included the following outcomes: clinical remission (3 or fewer stools/day), daily stool weight, daily stool frequency, number of patients with clinical response <50% in the disease activity, and daily stool consistency. Safety end points included: any adverse event, serious adverse events, any adverse event-related discontinuation, abdominal discomfort, constipation, flatulence, nausea, dizziness, headache, bronchitis, nasopharyngitis, and depression. We conducted a meta-analysis model using the generic inverse variance method and performed a subgroup analysis based on the intervention administered.

Results:
Nineteen randomized clinical trials were included. We found that after 6 weeks of follow-up, budesonide is associated with increased clinical remission rates compared with mesalamine [RR=2.46 (2.27, 2.67), and RR=2.24 (1.95, 2.57), respectively]. However, the test of subgroup difference revealed that the difference is not significant (P=0.25). After 8 weeks of follow-up, budesonide showed significantly higher clinical remission rates than mesalamine RR=2.29 (2.14, 2.45), and RR=1.7 (1.41, 2.05), respectively (P=0.003). Regarding the daily stool weight, patients in the budesonide group showed nonsignificant less stool weight [MD=−351.62 (−534.25, −168.99)] compared with mesalamine [MD=−104.3 (−372.34, 163.74)], P=0.14. However, daily stool frequency was significantly less in the budesonide group compared with mesalamine (P<0.001). Budesonide is associated with a significantly lower incidence of adverse events compared with mesalamine (P=0.002). Analysis of other safety endpoints was not significant between both groups.

Conclusions:
Budesonide was found to be better than mesalamine in MC patients in terms of clinical remission rate, especially after 8 weeks of follow-up. Budesonide also showed less incidence of adverse events. There is an urgent need for randomized, double-blinded clinical trials to provide direct and reliable evidence.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Transmural Biliary Drainage With 6 mm and 8 mm Cautery-enhanced Lumen-apposing Metal Stents
Authors: Ramai Daryl , Dawod Enad , Darwin Peter E. , Kim Raymond E. , Kim Jeong Hoon , Wang Jade , Lanka Chandana , Bakain Tarek , Mahadev SriHari , Sampath Kartik , Carr-Locke David L. , Morris John D. , Sharaiha Reem Z. 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be unsuccessful in patients with duodenal stenosis or malignant ampullary infiltration. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has been proposed as an alternative. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of EUS-BD for malignant distal bile duct obstruction using the newly introduced smaller caliber 6 or 8 mm cautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent.

Methods:
A multicenter retrospective study was performed on patients with unresectable malignant distal bile duct obstruction who underwent EUS-BD between 2021 and 2022 after unsuccessful ERCP.

Results:
Thirty-two patients were included [7 (53.13%) males], with a mean age of 72.2 ± 12.5 years. The technical success rate was 100%. Altered anatomy was present in 2 (6.25%). The indication for drainage was biliary obstruction from pancreatic cancer in 26 patients (84.5%), cholangiocarcinoma in 3 (9.4%), and ampullary mass in 3 (9.4%). The procedure was performed mostly in an outpatient setting (n = 19, 59.38%). The clinical success rate was 92.3% [bilirubin: 14.1 (SD: 8.9) preprocedure vs 4.9 (SD: 1.1) postprocedure; P= 0.0001]. There was one early adverse event of a perforation, which was closed endoscopically and drained percutaneously. Delayed adverse events included food impaction of the stent (n = 1), which was resolved with a repeat procedure and insertion of a double pigtail stent.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates the feasibility of EUS-BD drainage using smaller caliber 6 or 8 mm lumen-apposing metal stent to relieve malignant distal bile duct obstruction in patients who fail conventional ERCP.
Occupational Exposure to Aerosolized Human Papillomavirus: Assessing and Addressing Perceptions of and Barriers to Vaccination of at-Risk Health Care Workers
Authors: Mercier Ann Marie , Allison Mary Kathryn , Greulich Jennifer , Alston Ashley , Racher Mary Luann 
Published: July 2024

Objectives:
This study aimed to assess current vaccination rates among health care workers at risk for occupational human papillomavirus (HPV) exposure and explore factors that influence decisions about HPV vaccination.

Design:
Using a mixed-methods design, this study included a questionnaire and qualitative focus groups.

Setting:
The study took place at an academic medical center.

Participants:
Participants were 37 health care professionals in occupations at risk for workplace HPV exposure.

Main Outcome Measures:
The primary qualitative outcome measured was HPV vaccination status. The primary qualitative outcomes assessed were perceptions of occupational HPV exposure risk, protective measures, and HPV vaccination.

Results:
Most participants were female (86.5%, n = 32) and younger than 35 years (51.4%; n = 19) and therefore would have been eligible to receive the HPV vaccine series as a teenager or young adult. Nearly two-thirds (67.6%; n = 25) of participants had received the HPV vaccine; of those, half were vaccinated as teenagers (52%; n = 13). One-third (n = 4) of those vaccinated as adults reported vaccination due to workplace HPV exposure. Focus groups revealed themes consistent with the Health Belief Model. Most participants recognized their risk of aerosolized HPV exposure in the workplace but felt uneducated about occupational exposure risk and protective measures. Many participants recognized risk of exposure through surgical smoke but perceived that risk was stratified by medical specialty, proximity to surgical field, and personal protective equipment use. Many participants had some level of concern for head and neck lesions with exposure to aerosolized HPV. Most participants recognized the need to protect themselves against workplace HPV exposure. Those who were vaccinated felt that they were better protected against HPV exposure. Almost all participants said that they had not received formal education on workplace HPV exposure risk. Many participants voiced perceived barriers to HPV vaccination.

Conclusion:
Health care workers encounter the HPV virus in a myriad of fields and procedures. Our mixed-methods study demonstrated that at-risk health care workers feel uninformed about their risk of HPV exposure in the workplace, availability of HPV vaccination, and appropriate protective equipment recommendations.
The Community-Based Health Workforce in Public Health and Health Care Delivery
Authors: Ahmed Kaha , Presley-Cantrell Letitia , Moeti Refilwe , Wong David , Freese Kimberly L. , Taplin Caroline , Rodrigue Jacqueline , Spencer Tara D. , Hacker Karen 
Published: July 2024

Context:
The “community-based workforce” is an umbrella term used by a workgroup of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) leaders to characterize a variety of job titles and descriptions for positions in the public health, health care delivery, and human service sectors across local communities.

Approach:
Definitions, expectations of the scope of work, and funding opportunities for this workforce vary. To address some of these challenges, a workgroup of HHS agencies met to define the roles of this workforce and identify existing opportunities for training, career advancement, and compensation.

Discussion:
The community-based workforce has demonstrated success in improving poor health outcomes and addressing the social determinants of health for decades. However, descriptions of this workforce, expectations of their roles, and funding opportunities vary. The HHS workgroup identified that comprehensive approaches are needed within HHS and via public health sectors to meet these challenges and opportunities.

Conclusion:
Using the common term “community-based workforce” across HHS can encourage alignment and collaboration. As the environment for this public health and health care community-based workforce shifts, it will be important to understand the value and opportunities available to ensure long-term sustainability for this workforce to continue to advance health equity.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Patient-Centered, Nonphysician Led Self-Monitoring Blood Pressure Program in a Rural Federally Qualified Health Center
Authors: Sanchez Magali , Hara-Hubbard KeliAnne K. , Baquero Bárbara 
Published: July 2024

Context:
Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, or death. Self-monitoring blood pressure (SMBP) programs have been associated with blood pressure (BP) reduction, particularly among rural, minority, and low-income individuals. There is limited literature about nonphysician SMBP programs.

Objectives:
To evaluate the effectiveness of an SMBP program designed to engage nonphysician team members in hypertension management within a federally qualified health center (FQHC).

Design:
Self-monitoring blood pressure program activities were implemented using a Plan, Do, Study, Act model. The University of Washington Health Promotion Research Center evaluated processes and patient-level outcomes in a mixed-methods design. Quantitative analysis examined clinical outcomes related to hypertension, and qualitative analysis relied on interviews with clinical staff examining program implementation, adoption, and sustainability.

Setting:
Family Health Centers (FHCs), a FQHC located in rural Washington, serving medically underserved populations.

Participants:
Two hundred five active SMBP patients out of 2600 adult patients (over 18 years old) who had a diagnosis of hypertension within the last 12 months.

Intervention:
Patients with uncontrolled hypertension were given a BP cuff to log their daily BP. Patients met with community health workers (CHWs) and medical staff to review logs and set self-management goals over 3 to 4 months.

Main Outcome Measure:
Controlled BP measurements and factors to implementation and sustainment.

Results:
Facilitators to implementation included expanded telehealth reimbursement during the COVID-19 pandemic, integration of CHWs, and linguistically adapted resources. Barriers included a lack of reimbursement for nonphysician time and BP monitors. Quantitative results demonstrated an effort to reach minoritized populations but did not show an improvement in BP outcomes.

Conclusions:
Family Health Center implemented an SMBP program adapted to meet the linguistic and social needs of their patients. The successful integration of CHWs and the need for reimbursement policies to support SMBP programs were key factors for implementation and sustainability.
The Impact of Health Equity-Informed Eligibility Criteria to Increase the Delivery of Pharmacist-Delivered Comprehensive Medication Management Services for Patients with High Blood Pressure
Authors: Zagel Alicia L. , Brummel Amanda R. , Chacon Megan , O’Donnell R. May , Styles Emily , Peacock James M. 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
Evaluate a cardiovascular care intervention intended to increase access to comprehensive medication management (CMM) pharmacy care and improve vascular health goals among socially disadvantaged patients.

Design:
Retrospective electronic health records-based evaluation.

Setting:
Thirteen health care clinics serving socially vulnerable neighborhoods within a large health system.

Participants:
Hypertensive and hyperlipidemic adult patients.

Intervention:
CMM pharmacists increased recruitment among patients who met clinical criteria in clinics serving more diverse and socially vulnerable communities. CMM pharmacists partnered with patients to work toward meeting health goals through medication management and lifestyle modification.

Main Outcome Measures:
Changes in the engagement of socially disadvantaged patients between preintervention and intervention time periods; vascular health goals (ie, controlled blood pressure, appropriate statin and aspirin therapies, and tobacco nonuse); and the use of health system resources by CMM care group.

Results:
The intervention indicated an overall shift in sociodemographics among patients receiving CMM care (fewer non-Hispanic Whites: N = 1988, 55.81% vs N = 2264, 59.97%, P < .001; greater place-based social vulnerability: N = 1354, 38.01% vs N = 1309, 34.68%, P = .03; more patients requiring interpreters: N = 776, 21.79% vs N = 698, 18.49%, P < .001) compared to the preintervention period. Among patients meeting intervention criteria, those who partnered with CMM pharmacists (N = 439) were more likely to connect with system resources (social work: N = 47, 10.71% vs 163, 3.74%, P < .001; medical specialists: N = 249, 56.72% vs N = 1989, 45.66%; P < .001) compared to those without CMM care (N = 4356). Intervention patients who partnered with CMM pharmacists were also more likely to meet blood pressure (N = 357, 81.32% vs N = 3317, 76.15%, P < .001) and statin goals (N = 397, 90.43% vs N = 3509, 80.56%, P < .001) compared to non-CMM patients.

Conclusions:
The demographics of patients receiving CMM became more diverse with the intervention, indicating improved access to CMM pharmacists. Cultivating relationships among patients with greater social disadvantage and cardiovascular disease and CMM pharmacists may improve health outcomes and connect patients to essential resources, thus potentially improving long-term cardiovascular outcomes.
Rapid Online Data Collection and Reporting to Local Health Departments during the Pandemic: The COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) Initiative SARS-CoV-2 Case Surveys
Authors: Booker Lauren A. , Czeisler Mark É. , Lane Rashon I. , Orellana Robert C. , Lundeen Kristen , Macomber Kathryn , Collins Jim , Varma Prerna , Rajaratnam Shantha M.W. , Howard Mark E. , Czeisler Charles A. , Weaver Matthew D. 
Published: July 2024

Objectives:
To develop and implement a pilot online data collection tool to help local health departments with their COVID-19 pandemic response efforts and inform health department actions.

Design:
The COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) was an online survey and was distributed by participating sites to individuals who recently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Surveys recorded participant demographics and assessed recent infection risk behaviors (eg, mask use, air travel), vaccination status, sleep and exercise habits, social behaviors and beliefs, and physical and mental health.

Setting:
Seven health departments participated in the initiative, which took place during May 1 to September 30, 2022. Identical items were administered to demographically representative samples of adults nationally in the United States within a similar timeframe.

Participants:
A total of 38 555 participants completed surveys. Responses from participants with recent SARS-CoV-2 infections were compared with respondents from the national surveys who did not have evidence or awareness of prior SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Main outcome measure:
To implement of a process that allows health departments to receive data from local cases and compare this information to national controls during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
Fifty-four biweekly reports were provided to public health departments between May and September 2022. Information and comparisons within the reports were updated in response to evolving public health priorities for the pandemic response. The initiative helped to guide public health response efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the receptiveness by local health departments and participants provides evidence to support this data collection and reporting model as a component of the public health response to future emergencies.

Conclusion:
This project demonstrates the feasibility of a centralized, rapid, and adaptive data collection system for local health departments and provides evidence to advocate for data collection methods to help guide local health departments to respond in a timely and effective manner to future public health emergencies.
Repeated Exposure to COVID-19 Misinformation: A Longitudinal Analysis of Prevalence and Predictors in a Community Sample
Authors: Weng Olivia , Johnson Kimberly J. , Kreuter Matthew W. 
Published: July 2024

Belief in health misinformation can affect individual health decisions and actions. Repeated exposure to the same misinformation strengthens its impact, yet little is known about how commonly repeated exposure occurs. To estimate the prevalence, we tracked exposure to 5 inaccurate COVID-19 claims every week for up to 23 consecutive weeks in a racially diverse panel of adults (n = 213). Repeated exposure was common: across the 5 claims, 10%-43% of respondents reported hearing the misinformation in ≥ 3 different weeks. Frontline workers were more likely than other community members to experience repeated exposure, with adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) ranging from 1.8 to 4.9 across the 4 items. Repeated exposure was most common among older adults. Adjusted IRR for those ages ≥ 50 versus 18-29 years ranged from 1.8 to 2.5 per misinformation claim. Public health planning efforts to counter health misinformation should anticipate multiple exposures to the same false claim, especially in certain subgroups.
T3N0 Rectal Cancer
Authors: Chalmers Zachary R. , Roberts Hannah J. , Wo Jennifer Y. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The optimal management of T3N0 rectal cancer is an area of active debate that has withstood multiple decades of research. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the many nuances that come with treating T3N0 rectal cancer, particularly examining the role and evolution of radiation therapy. We review both the historical paradigms and latest advances in treatment and highlight the significance of precise preoperative staging. As the field continues to evolve, this review highlights a shift toward more tailored treatments, considering both patient goals and the desire for optimal oncologic outcomes. In the current era, clinical decision-making for T3N0 rectal cancer requires a patient-centric approach that balances effective therapy while minimizing undue side effects.
Nonoperative Management for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Pollom Erqi L. , Sheth Vipul R. , Dawes Aaron J. , Holden Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The treatment paradigm for rectal cancer has been shifting toward de-escalated approaches to preserve patient quality of life. Historically, the standard treatment in the United States for locally advanced rectal cancer has standardly comprised preoperative chemoradiotherapy coupled with total mesorectal excision. Recent data challenge this “one-size-fits-all” strategy, supporting the possibility of omitting surgery for certain patients who achieve a clinical complete response to neoadjuvant therapy. Consequently, patients and their physicians must navigate diverse neoadjuvant options, often in the context of pursuing organ preservation. Total neoadjuvant therapy, involving the administration of all chemotherapy and radiation before total mesorectal excision, is associated with the highest rates of clinical complete response. However, questions persist regarding the optimal sequencing of radiation and chemotherapy and the choice between short-course and long-course radiation. Additionally, meticulous response assessment and surveillance are critical for selecting patients for nonoperative management without compromising the excellent cure rates associated with trimodality therapy. As nonoperative management becomes increasingly recognized as a standard-of-care treatment option for patients with rectal cancer, ongoing research in patient selection and monitoring as well as patient-reported outcomes is critical to guide personalized rectal cancer management within a patient-centered framework.
Treatment of Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer
Authors: Regan Samuel N. , Hendren Samantha , Krauss John C. , Crysler Oxana V. , Cuneo Kyle C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Up to 10% of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer will experience locoregional recurrence. In the setting of prior surgery and often radiation and chemotherapy, these represent uniquely challenging cases. When feasible, surgical resection offers the best chance for oncologic control yet risks significant morbidity. Studies have consistently indicated that a negative surgical resection margin is the strongest predictor of oncologic outcomes. Chemoradiation is often recommended to increase the chance of an R0 resection, and in cases of close/positive margins, intraoperative radiation/brachytherapy can be utilized. In patients who are not surgical candidates, radiation can provide symptomatic relief. Ongoing phase III trials are aiming to address questions regarding the role of reirradiation and induction multiagent chemotherapy regimens in this population.