bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic dysfunction in lymphocytes promotes postoperative morbidity
Authors: Edwards Mark R. , Sultan Pervez , del Arroyo Ana Gutierrez , Whittle John , Karmali Shamir N. , Moonesinghe S. Ramani , Haddad Fares S. , Mythen Michael G. , Singer Mervyn , Ackland Gareth L. 
Published: April 2015

Perioperative lymphopenia has been linked with an increased risk of postoperative infectious complications, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that bioenergetic dysfunction is an important mechanism underlying lymphopenia, impaired functionality and infectious complications. In two cohorts of patients (61–82 years old) undergoing orthopaedic joint replacement (n=417 and 328, respectively), we confirmed prospectively that preoperative lymphopenia (≤1.3 x 109·l−1; &lt;20% white cell count; prevalence 15–18%) was associated with infectious complications (relative risk 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.1–2.0); P=0.008) and prolonged hospital stay. Lymphocyte respirometry, mitochondrial bioenergetics and function were assessed (n=93 patients). Postoperative lymphocytes showed a median 43% fall (range: 26–65%; P=0.029; n=13 patients) in spare respiratory capacity, the extra capacity available to produce energy in response to stress. This was accompanied by reduced glycolytic capacity. A similar hypometabolic phenotype was observed in lymphocytes sampled preoperatively from chronically lymphopenic patients (n=21). This hypometabolic phenotype was associated with functional lymphocyte impairment including reduced T-cell proliferation, lower intracellular cytokine production and excess apoptosis induced by a range of common stressors. Glucocorticoids, which are ubiquitously elevated for a prolonged period postoperatively, generated increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, activated caspase-1 and mature interleukin (IL)-1β in human lymphocytes, suggesting inflammasome activation. mRNA transcription of the NLRP1 inflammasome was increased in lymphocytes postoperatively. Genetic ablation of the murine NLRP3 inflammasome failed to prevent glucocorticoid-induced lymphocyte apoptosis and caspase-1 activity, but increased NLRP1 protein expression. Our findings suggest that the hypometabolic phenotype observed in chronically lymphopenic patients and/or acquired postoperatively increases the risk of postoperative infection through glucocorticoid activation of caspase-1 via the NLRP1 inflammasome.
Biodiversity influences plant productivity through niche–efficiency
Authors: Liang Jingjing , Zhou Mo , Tobin Patrick C. , McGuire A. David , Reich Peter B. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
International society has made a commitment to mainstreaming biodiversity conservation into broader socioeconomic development, but an incomplete theoretical basis translates into a lack of practical applications, especially regarding how individual plant productivity changes in response to the overall species loss. In this study, we developed niche–efficiency theory to address two mechanisms behind the effects of biodiversity on individual plant productivity. Supported by empirical evidence at the individual plant level, our theory facilitates adaptive biodiversity management implementation, and the straightforward mathematical formula facilitates the integration of biological conservation in our campaign against pressing global issues. Based on this theory, we developed relative productivity and productivity impact index to provide function-based tools for prioritizing biological conservation efforts.
Maternal Wnt/STOP signaling promotes cell division during early
Xenopus
embryogenesis
Authors: Huang Ya-Lin , Anvarian Zeinab , Döderlein Gabriele , Acebron Sergio P. , Niehrs Christof 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Regulation of differential gene expression by Wnt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) signaling plays a major role in development, but there is accumulating evidence for a transcription-independent function of this pathway. In mature oocytes and early embryos, transcription is temporarily silenced, providing an opportunity to study the nontranscriptional role of Wnt signaling. Our study shows that inhibition of Wnt signaling in frog oocytes leads to early cleavage arrest after fertilization and provides evidence that this process occurs by regulating proteins involved in mitosis. Our study indicates that control of early development is a prominent role for nontranscriptional, Wnt/GSK3 signaling.
Dynamic regulation of innate immune responses in
Drosophila
by Senju-mediated glycosylation
Authors: Yamamoto-Hino Miki , Muraoka Masatoshi , Kondo Shu , Ueda Ryu , Okano Hideyuki , Goto Satoshi 
Published: April 2015

Significance
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Activation of the innate immune response by infection and suppression during steady state are stringently controlled to eliminate pathogens and prevent inflammation. We found that host glycosylation plays an important role in the activation of immune responses and in maintaining innate immune homeostasis. In the steady state, a high amount of galactose-containing glycan suppresses undesirable activation of the immune response; however, activation of immune responses leads to reduced levels of galactose-containing glycan, which is needed for raising immune responses to an adequate level. Our finding suggests a novel mechanism for the regulation of innate immune quiescence and activation via changes in glycosylation status.
Designing multivalent probes for tunable superselective targeting
Authors: Dubacheva Galina V. , Curk Tine , Auzély-Velty Rachel , Frenkel Daan , Richter Ralf P. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
A basic requirement in biomedical research is the ability to specifically target cells and tissues. Targeting typically relies on the specific binding of a “ligand” on a tailor-made probe to a “receptor” on the desired cell/tissue. Conventional probes efficiently distinguish a biological entity displaying the receptor from others that do not, but exhibit limited selectivity when the entities to be distinguished display a given receptor at different densities. Multivalent probes that bind several receptors simultaneously potentially can sharply discriminate between different receptor densities. We demonstrate how such “superselective” binding can be tuned through probe design to target a desired receptor density, and thus lay the foundation for the rational design of a new generation of analytical, diagnostic, and therapeutic probes.
Functional and mechanistic studies of XPC DNA-repair complex as transcriptional coactivator in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Cattoglio Claudia , Zhang Elisa T. , Grubisic Ivan , Chiba Kunitoshi , Fong Yick W. , Tjian Robert 
Published: April 2015

SignificanceBecause of their unique ability to self-renew and generate all cell lineages of an organism (pluripotency), embryonic stem cells represent a versatile model for developmental biology, and a promising avenue for regenerative medicine. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating self-renewal and pluripotency provides a productive path to effectively use embryonic stem cells, and to improve current methods for induction/differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and direct somatic cell reprogramming. This study provides novel insights into transcriptional regulation of the stem cell state by characterizing interactions between key transcription factors SOX2 and OCT4, and a recently identified, multifunctional, stem cell coactivator—the xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C DNA repair complex—to control pluripotency gene-expression networks.
Translocation of Humpback Chub into Tributary Streams of the Colorado River: Implications for Conservation of Large‐River Fishes
Authors: Spurgeon Jonathan J. , Paukert Craig P. , Healy Brian D. , Trammell Melissa , Speas Dave , Omana‐Smith Emily 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Humpback Chub Gila cypha, a large‐bodied, endangered cyprinid endemic to the Colorado River basin, is in decline throughout most of its range due largely to anthropogenic factors. Translocation of Humpback Chub into tributaries of the Colorado River is one conservation activity that may contribute to the expansion of the species’ current range and eventually provide population redundancy. We evaluated growth, survival, and dispersal following translocation of approximately 900 Humpback Chub over a period of 3 years (2009, 2010, and 2011) into Shinumo Creek, a tributary stream of the Colorado River within Grand Canyon National Park. Growth and condition of Humpback Chub in Shinumo Creek were consistent among year‐classes and equaled or surpassed growth estimates from both the main‐stem Colorado River and the Little Colorado River, where the largest (and most stable) Humpback Chub aggregation remains. Based on passive integrated tag recoveries, 53% (= 483/902) of translocated Humpback Chub dispersed from Shinumo Creek into the main‐stem Colorado River as of January 2013, 35% leaving within 25 d following translocation. Annual apparent survival estimates within Shinumo Creek ranged from 0.22 to 0.41, but were strongly influenced by emigration. Results indicate that Shinumo Creek provides favorable conditions for growth and survival of translocated Humpback Chub and could support a new population if reproduction and recruitment occur in the future. Adaptation of translocation strategies of Humpback Chub into tributary streams ultimately may refine the role translocation plays in recovery of the species.
MultiP-SChlo: multi-label protein subchloroplast localization prediction with Chou’s pseudo amino acid composition and a novel multi-label classifier
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhang Weiwei , Zhang Qiuwen , Li Guo-Zheng 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Identifying protein subchloroplast localization in chloroplast organelle is very helpful for understanding the function of chloroplast proteins. There have existed a few computational prediction methods for protein subchloroplast localization. However, these existing works have ignored proteins with multiple subchloroplast locations when constructing prediction models, so that they can predict only one of all subchloroplast locations of this kind of multilabel proteins.
Results: To address this problem, through utilizing label-specific features and label correlations simultaneously, a novel multilabel classifier was developed for predicting protein subchloroplast location(s) with both single and multiple location sites. As an initial study, the overall accuracy of our proposed algorithm reaches 55.52%, which is quite high to be able to become a promising tool for further studies.
Availability and implementation: An online web server for our proposed algorithm named MultiP-SChlo was developed, which are freely accessible at http://biomed.zzuli.edu.cn/bioinfo/multip-schlo/.
Contact: pandaxiaoxi@gmail.com or gzli@tongji.edu.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Combined Anterior-Posterior Fixation and Fusion for Completely Dislocated Hangman’s Fracture
Authors: Wang Jianxi , Chen Huajiang , Cao Peng , Yuan Wen , Wu Xiaodong , Liu Gang , Li Renhu , Zang Fazhi , Shi Liangyu , Wang An 
Published: April 2015

Study Design:
Retrospective clinical study.

Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of combined anterior-posterior fixation and fusion for the treatment of completely dislocated hangman’s fracture.

Summary of Background Data:
A completely dislocated hangman’s fracture describes the complete anterior displacement of the C2 vertebral body onto the C3 body. This type of fracture is exceptionally unstable, and for which the management is challenging. Specific treatment strategies need to be further clarified.

Methods:
From January 2003 to January 2012, 11 patients with completely dislocated hangman’s fracture underwent combined anterior-posterior fixation and fusion at our institution; an anterior-posterior approach was used in 9 patients, and an anterior-posterior-anterior approach was used in 2 patients. The operative time, hospital duration, neurological improvement, fusion rate, and complications were assessed.

Results:
The operation times of the 2 anterior-posterior-anterior surgeries (165 and 210 min) were longer than the anterior-posterior approach surgeries (mean, 133 min; range: 110–155 min). The average hospital duration was 8.5 days (range: 7.0–13.0 d). Postoperative reduction and solid fusion were achieved in all patients. Neurological status was significantly improved, as the mean Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score significantly increased from a preoperative score of 8.9±1.7 to 14.6±1.6 at the final follow-up (P<0.01). The mean neurological recovery rate was 51%. Moderate postoperative neck pain occurred in 2 patients, which was relieved after 2 months of conservative treatment with oral celecoxib. The mean visual analog scale pain score was 1.4±0.8 at the last assessment. Hoarseness was found after surgery in 1 patient who recovered 1 month later without any treatment. No graft-related or plate-related complications occurred during the entire follow-up period.

Conclusions:
Combined anterior-posterior fixation and fusion is an effective and safe treatment for completely dislocated hangman’s fracture.
The use of ICT in road freight transport for CO2reduction – an exploratory study of UK’s grocery retail industry
Authors: Wang Yingli , Sanchez Rodrigues Vasco , Evans Leighton 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically how information and communication technologies (ICT) can contribute to reduction of CO2emissions in road freight transport and to identify opportunities for further improvements.Design/methodology/approach– This research adopts a multiple case study approach with three leading UK grocery retailers as exemplars of fast-moving consumer goods retailers, conducted using multiple data collection techniques including interviews, system demonstrations, onsite observations and the use of archive information.Findings– ICT solutions have a direct positive impact on CO2emissions reduction but opportunities to further reduce CO2emissions are perceived as lying beyond retailers’ own distribution networks. These opportunities are not fully utilised due to the complexities of collaborative ICT provisions and retailers’ reluctance to share information with competitors.Research limitations/implications– A limitation of the study is that it is exploratory and only three cases were examined. Even though these three retailers represent over 60 per cent of the UK grocery retail sector, other retailers may deploy significantly different ICT applications.Practical implications– The research provides an overarching insight for businesses on how to leverage the existing and emerging information technologies for environmental and economic benefits.Originality/value– While sustainability issues have received increasing attention recently, the role of ICT in freight transport for CO2emissions reduction has not been investigated in depth and its impact is largely unknown. This research advances understanding about how ICT contributes CO2emissions reductions and provides a framework for further investigation.
The impacts of IT capability on internet-enabled supply and demand process integration, and firm performance in manufacturing and services
Authors: Liu Hefu , Huang Qian , Wei Shaobo , Huang Liqiang 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to derive a model to examine how Information Technology (IT) capability affects internet-enabled supply and demand process integration, which will eventually improve firm performance. In addition, the moderating effects of industry type in the research framework are explored.Design/methodology/approach– Data were obtained from a survey administered to 261 firms in the manufacturing and services industry in China. The structural equation modeling approach is used to test the hypotheses. The study further applied thet-test to compare the path coefficiencies between manufacturing and service.Findings– Results from the survey indicate that internet-enabled supply and demand process integration is affected by IT capability, and can directly impact firm performance. The results further indicate that manufacturing and services firms may benefit from IT capability in different ways.Originality/value– The current paper contributes knowledge on the value-realizing mechanism of internet-enabled supply chain integration (SCI) from a resource-based view. It presents a multidimensional explanation of the relationships among IT capability, internet-enabled SCI, and firm performance.
Build strategies for rapid manufacturing of components of varying complexity
Authors: Simhambhatla Suryakumar , Karunakaran K.P. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to develop build strategies for rapid manufacturing of components of varying complexity with the help of illustration.

Design/methodology/approach
– The build strategies are developed using a hybrid layered manufacturing (HLM) setup. HLM, an automatic layered manufacturing process for metallic objects, combines the best features of two well-known and economical processes, viz., arc weld-deposition and milling. Depending on the geometric complexity of the object, the deposition and/or finish machining may involve fixed (3-axis) or variable axis (5-axis) kinematics.

Findings
– Fixed axis (3-axis) kinematics is sufficient to produce components free of undercuts and overhanging features. Manufacture of components with undercuts can be categorized into three methods, viz., those that exploit the inherent overhanging ability, those that involve blinding of the undercuts in the material deposition stage and those that involve variable axis kinematics for aligning the overhang with the deposition direction.

Research limitations/implications
– Although developed using the HLM setup, these generic concepts can be used in a variety of metal deposition processes.

Originality/value
– This paper describes the methodology for realizing undercut features of varying complexity and also chalks out the procedure for their manufacture with the help of case studies for each approach.
Process for reinforcing SLS parts by epoxy resin
Authors: Monzon Mario D. , Paz Rubén , Ortega Fernando , Chapela Jose A. , Conde Claudio 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report on the use of a combination of selective laser sintering (SLS) and vacuum casting to create plastic composites made by additive manufacturing.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research has been carried out by approaching a new concept of the final part consistent in a plastic component, where the main body is made by SLS and the internal long fibres for reinforcing are made by vacuum casting of high-resistance epoxy resin. The part is designed for optimal number and distribution of the internal fibres taking into account the target relative stiffness (N/mm*kg). The methodology is applied to a pedal clutch of a car which has been tested in an equipment for fatigue and durability, being compared to the correspondent design for injection moulding.

Findings
– Research has proven that the approach introduces relevant improvement in mechanical properties of the base resin consistent in PA 3200GF (EOS), reinforced by internal long fibres of resin VG SP5. Experiments showed significant increase of stiffness in the pedal clutch made under this procedure, where the stiffness was 77 per cent higher than the conventional SLS part and only 11.7 per cent lower than the one made by injection moulding of PA 66 with 50 per cent fibreglass.

Originality/value
– The developed method introduces an alternative procedure for increasing the mechanical properties of plastic parts developed in SLS. Optimal orientation and distribution of long fibres clearly achieves better mechanical properties at low cost.
Comparing additive manufacturing technologies for customised wrist splints
Authors: Paterson Abby Megan , Bibb Richard , Campbell R. Ian , Bingham Guy 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to compare four different additive manufacturing (AM) processes to assess their suitability in the context of upper extremity splinting.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper describes the design characteristics and subsequent fabrication of six different wrist splints using four different AM processes: laser sintering (LS), fused deposition modelling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA) and polyjet material jetting via Objet Connex. The suitability of each process was then compared against competing designs and processes from traditional splinting. The splints were created using a digital design workflow that combined recognised clinical best practice with design for AM principles.

Findings
– Research concluded that, based on currently available technology, FDM was considered the least suitable AM process for upper extremity splinting. LS, SLA and material jetting show promise for future applications, but further research and development into AM processes, materials and splint design optimisation is required if the full potential is to be realised.

Originality/value
– Unlike previous work that has applied AM processes to replicate traditional splint designs, the splints described are based on a digital design for AM workflow, incorporating novel features and physical properties not previously possible in clinical splinting. The benefits of AM for customised splint fabrication have been summarised. A range of AM processes have also been evaluated for splinting, exposing the limitations of existing technology, demonstrating novel and advantageous design features and opportunities for future research.
Development of an electrospinning-based rapid prototyping for scaffold fabrication
Authors: Chanthakulchan Apinya , Koomsap Pisut , Auyson Kampanat , Supaphol Pitt 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to present the development of an electrospinning-based rapid prototyping (ESRP) technique for the fabrication of patterned scaffolds from fine fiber.

Design/methodology/approach
– This ESRP technique unifies rapid prototyping (RP) and electrospinning to obtain the ability of RP to create a controllable pattern and of electrospinning to create a continuous fine fiber. The technique follows RP process of fused deposition modeling, but instead of using extrusion process for fiber creation, electrospinning is applied to generate a continuous fiber from a liquid solution. A machine prototype has been constructed and used in the experiments to evaluate the technique.

Findings
– Three different lay-down patterns: 0°/90°, 45°/135° and 45° twists were used in the experiments. According to the experimental results, stacks of patterned layers could be created with the ESRP technique, and the fabrication process was repeatable and reproducible. However, the existing machine vibration influenced the fiber size and the ability to control straightness and gap size. Also, incomplete solidification of the fibers prior to being deposited obstructed the control of layer thickness. Improvement on vibration suppression and fiber solidification will strengthen the capability of this ESRP technique.

Research limitations/implications
– This research is currently limited to the introduction of the ESRP technique, to the development of the machine prototype, to the demonstration of its capability and to the evaluation of the structural properties of the fabricated patterned scaffolds. Further studies are required for better control of the patterned scaffolds and for investigation of mechanical and biological properties.

Originality/value
– This unification of the two processes allows not only the fabrication of controllable patterned scaffolds but also the fabrication of both woven and non-woven layers of fibers to be done on one machine.