bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of Carvacrol on Mercuric Chloride‐Induced Lung Toxicity Through Modulating Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Autophagy
Authors: Eriten Berna , Kucukler Sefa , Gur Cihan , Ayna Adnan , Diril Halit , Caglayan Cuneyt 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTMercuric chloride (HgCl2) is extremely toxic to both humans and animals. It could be absorbed via ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Exposure to HgCl2 can cause severe health effects, including damages to the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems. The purpose of this work was to explore if carvacrol (CRV) could protect rats lungs from damage caused by HgCl2. Intraperitoneal injections of HgCl2 at a dose of 1.23 mg/kg body weight were given either alone or in conjunction with oral CRV administration at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The study included biochemical and histological techniques to examine the lung tissue's oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy processes. HgCl2‐induced reductions in GSH levels and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) activity were enhanced by CRV co‐administration. Furthermore, MDA levels were lowered by CRV. The inflammatory mediators NF‐κB, IκB, NLRP3, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL6, COX‐2, and iNOS were all reduced by CRV. When exposed to HgCl2, the levels of apoptotic Bax, caspase‐3, Apaf1, p53, caspase‐6, and caspase‐9 increased, but the levels of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 reduced after CRV treatment. CRV decreased levels of Beclin‐1, LC3A, and LC3B, which in turn decreased HgCl2‐induced autophagy damage. After HgCl2 treatment, higher pathological damage was observed in terms of alveolar septal thickening, congestion, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration compared to the control group while CRV ameliorated these effects. Consequently, by preventing HgCl2‐induced increases in oxidative stress and the corresponding inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and disturbance of tissue integrity in lung tissues, CRV might be seen as a useful therapeutic alternative.
Auslegung der Vorgaben des DRS 20 zur Konzernlageberichterstattung im Hinblick auf erwartbare Angaben zur digitalen Transformation von Unternehmen
Authors: Pelster Clemens 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer (Konzern-)Lagebericht wurde in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln bereits als das vielversprechendste bzw. geeignetste Berichtsinstrument identifiziert, in welchem über digitale Transformation von Unternehmen berichtet werden könnte bzw. wird. Zwar sind keine expliziten Vorgaben zur Berichterstattung über digitale Transformation in den Vorschriften des HGB und DRS 20 zur Aufstellung von Konzernlageberichten enthalten. Da jedoch viele Inhalte gefordert werden, die gem. den in Kapitel 3 interviewten Experten auch für eine Berichterstattung über digitale Transformation von Bedeutung sind und zudem die gesetzlich vorgegebenen Mindestinhalte – unter Beachtung der Grundsätze ordnungsmäßiger (Konzern-)Lageberichterstattung – um weitere relevante Inhalte ergänzt werden können bzw. dies unter bestimmten Umständen sogar geboten erscheint, stellt sich die Frage, an welchen Stellen im (Konzern-)Lagebericht am ehesten eine Berichterstattung zur digitalen Transformation zu erwarten ist und wie diese aussehen könnte. In diesem Kapitel wurden die Vorgaben zur (Konzern-)Lageberichterstattung im Hinblick auf mögliche Angaben zur digitalen Transformation ausgelegt, um auf dieser Grundlage und in Kombination mit den zuvor erhobenen Anforderungen das Kategoriensystem zur anschließenden Analyse der Konzernlageberichterstattung zu entwickeln (Kapitel 5) und eine Grundlage für das Berichtskonzept zur entscheidungsnützlichen externen Berichterstattung über digitale Transformation zu schaffen (Kapitel 6). Mit Blick auf die in den Experteninterviews identifizierten Erkenntnisziele potenzieller Adressaten der Berichterstattung über digitale Transformation (Abschnitt 3.5.6) eignen sich die zu den Grundlagen des Unternehmens/Konzerns vorgesehenen Inhalte vor allem, um einen Überblick und/oder eine zusammenfassende Beurteilung zur Bedeutung der digitalen Transformation für den zukünftigen Erfolg des Geschäftsmodells zu vermitteln sowie die bisherige und in Zukunft geplante Handhabung des Themas aufzuzeigen. Angaben zu den bisherigen und voraussichtlichen Auswirkungen der digitalen Transformation passen inhaltlich insb. in den Wirtschaftsbericht sowie den Prognose-, Chancen- und Risikobericht. Eine gänzlich trennscharfe Abgrenzung der Aspekte innerhalb der Konzernlageberichterstattung ist aufgrund der Abhängigkeiten der Aspekte sowie aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten zur Platzierung bestimmter Informationen oder Möglichkeiten zur Kombination inhaltsverwandter Angaben allerdings nicht zu erwarten. So können u. a. zur Beurteilung der Bedeutung der digitalen Transformation auch Erwartungen hinsichtlich künftiger Entwicklungen mit den damit einhergehenden Chancen und Risiken eine Rolle spielen oder zur digitalen Transformation des Geschäftsmodells ergriffene Maßnahmen zugleich als Ereignis anzusehen sein, welches für den Geschäftsverlauf ursächlich ist und dementsprechend im Wirtschaftsbericht thematisiert werden könnte.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 5 SCFTs and quaternionic reflection groups
Authors: Deb Anirudh , Zafrir Gabi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
It was previously noted that for 3d SCFTs with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
≥ 6 the moduli space has the form of ℂ4r/Γ, where Γ is a complex reflection group, at least following suitable gauging of finite symmetries. Here we argue that this observation can be extended also to 3d SCFTs with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
≥ 5 SUSY, where Γ is now a quaternionic reflection group. To do this, we study the moduli space of the known 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 5 SCFTs. For Lagrangian cases, the results for the moduli space are further checked using the superconformal index.
Supermassive gauginos in supergravity inflation with high-scale SUSY breaking
Authors: Jang Hun , Porrati Massimo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A model of supergravity inflation we recently proposed can produce slow roll inflation and a realistic spectrum of particles even without F-term supersymmetry breaking. Supersymmetry is broken only by a D-term induced by a recently discovered new type of Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) term. Almost all supersymmetric partners of the standard model fields can get masses as high as the inflationary Hubble scale. The exception is gauginos, for which the vanishing of F-terms implies an exact cancellation that keeps their masses exactly zero. To cure this problem without spoiling the simplicity of our model we introduce a new term that further enlarges the space of supergravity effective actions. It is an F-term that, similarly to the new FI term, becomes singular in the supersymmetric limit. We show that this term can produce large gaugino masses without altering the spectrum of other states and without lowering the cutoff of the effecive theory.
Brane expansions for anti-symmetric line operator index
Authors: Imamura Yosuke , Inoue Masato 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Based on the D5-brane realization of Wilson line operators in anti-symmetric representations, we propose brane expansion formulas for IN,k, the Schur index of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 U(N) SYM decorated by line operators in the anti-symmetric representation of rank k. For the large N index I∞,k we propose a double-sum expansion, and for finite N index IN,k we propose a quadruple-sum expansion. Objects causing finite k and finite N corrections are disk D3-branes ending on the D5-brane.
Baryogenesis via QCD preheating with nonadiabatic baryon chemical potential
Authors: Wang Jimin , Wang Xin-Ru , Matsuzaki Shinya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The chiral phase transition in QCD can be supercooled in the thermal history of the universe to be instantaneously out-of equilibrium, if QCD is coupled to a dark QCD sector exhibiting the dark chiral phase transition of the first order. In that case the QCD sigma meson field (as the chiral order parameter, or the light quark condensate) starts to roll in a nonadiabatic way down to the true QCD vacuum. Meanwhile a dynamic baryonic chemical potential can be generated solely within QCD, which is governed by the dynamic motion of the QCD sigma meson field, analogously to the spontaneous baryogenesis or the leptogenesis via the Higgs or axionlike relaxation scenario. When QCD is further allowed to communicate with a dark fermion with mass of order of 1 GeV and the baryon number violating coupling to neutron, the nonadiabatic QCD sigma motion along with the nonadiabatic baryon chemical potential can trigger the preheating and produce the baryon number asymmetry. We discuss this scenario in details to find that the QCD-induced dynamic baryon chemical potential plays a significant role for the QCD preheating and the baryogenesis, which yields the desired amount of the asymmetry today consistently with current astrophysical, cosmological, and terrestrial experimental constraints. Cosmological and phenomenological consequences characteristic to the present scenario are also addressed.
Resummation of Glauber phases in non-global LHC observables for large Nc
Authors: Böer Philipp , Hager Patrick , Neubert Matthias , Stillger Michel , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Glauber series for non-global jet observables at hadron colliders simultaneously includes the super-leading logarithms alongside an arbitrary number of Glauber phases. Building on the formalism of [1], it is shown that the leading terms in this series for large Nc can be resummed in closed form in renormalization-group improved perturbation theory. This remarkable observation suggests that large-Nc methods might also be helpful to study other aspects of non-global logarithms at hadron colliders, and to combine our analytic results with amplitude-level parton showers.
Principles of artificial intelligence in radiooncology
Authors: Huang Yixing , Gomaa Ahmed , Höfler Daniel , Schubert Philipp , Gaipl Udo , Frey Benjamin , Fietkau Rainer , Bert Christoph , Putz Florian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
In the rapidly expanding field of artificial intelligence (AI) there is a wealth of literature detailing the myriad applications of AI, particularly in the realm of deep learning. However, a review that elucidates the technical principles of deep learning as relevant to radiation oncology in an easily understandable manner is still notably lacking. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive guide to the principles of deep learning that is specifically tailored toward radiation oncology.

Methods
In light of the extensive variety of AI methodologies, this review selectively concentrates on the specific domain of deep learning. It emphasizes the principal categories of deep learning models and delineates the methodologies for training these models effectively.

Results
This review initially delineates the distinctions between AI and deep learning as well as between supervised and unsupervised learning. Subsequently, it elucidates the fundamental principles of major deep learning models, encompassing multilayer perceptrons (MLPs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), transformers, generative adversarial networks (GANs), diffusion-based generative models, and reinforcement learning. For each category, it presents representative networks alongside their specific applications in radiation oncology. Moreover, the review outlines critical factors essential for training deep learning models, such as data preprocessing, loss functions, optimizers, and other pivotal training parameters including learning rate and batch size.

Conclusion
This review provides a comprehensive overview of deep learning principles tailored toward radiation oncology. It aims to enhance the understanding of AI-based research and software applications, thereby bridging the gap between complex technological concepts and clinical practice in radiation oncology.
Vergleich der präklinischen Analgesiequalität von Notarzt und Notfallsanitäter anhand traumatologischer Patienten
Authors: Thomas Julian , Kleinschmidt Stefan , Mörsdorf Philipp , Conrad David , Berwanger Ulrich , Armbruster Werner 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die präklinische Schmerztherapie ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Notfallmedizin. Mit Einführung des Berufsbildes des Notfallsanitäters wurden nicht ärztlichen Rettungskräften erweiterte medizinische Kompetenzen zuerkannt. Diese Studie evaluiert die Qualität der Analgesie durch Notfallsanitäter im Vergleich zu Notärzten anhand traumatologischer Patienten.

Material und Methoden
Erfasst wurden Patienten mit Verletzungen, die nach einer präklinisch durchgeführten Analgetikagabe, durch Notärzte oder Notfallsanitäter, in der zentralen Notaufnahme des Universitätsklinikums des Saarlandes aufgenommen wurden. In einem Erfassungsbogen wurden sowohl aus dem Notfalleinsatzprotokoll als auch initial in der Sichtung/Notaufnahme erhobene Daten und Messwerte erfasst. Die deskriptive Auswertung erfolgte anhand statistischer Standardverfahren. Eingeschlossen wurden 207 komplette Datensätze. Als primärer Endpunkt wurde die Reduktion der Schmerzen bei Übergabe in der zentralen Notaufnahme festgelegt.

Ergebnisse
Beide Berufsgruppen erreichen eine signifikante Reduktion der Schmerzen und erfüllen das Ziel einer effektiven Schmerztherapie (Schmerzdifferenz: Notarzt 5,5 ± 2,0/Notfallsanitäter 4,4 ± 2,1/p < 0,001). Notärzte erzielten eine höhere Reduktion der NRS-Werte und verabreichten häufiger Sauerstoff. Unterschiede zeigten sich v. a. im Spektrum der verwendeten Pharmaka.

Schlussfolgerung
Bei korrekter Indikationsstellung und Beachtung der Handlungsanweisungen können Notfallsanitäter eine effektive Analgosedierung durchführen. Hinsichtlich Sicherheit und Qualität lässt sich die Therapie mit der eines Notarztes vergleichen.
A framework for simulating genotype-by-environment interaction using multiplicative models
Authors: Bančič J. , Gorjanc G. , Tolhurst D. J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Key message
The simulation of genotype-by-environment interaction using multiplicative models provides a general and scalable framework to generate realistic multi-environment datasets and model plant breeding programmes.

Abstract

Plant breeding has been historically shaped by genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI). Despite its importance, however, many current simulations do not adequately capture the complexity of GEI inherent to plant breeding. The framework developed in this paper simulates GEI with desirable structure using multiplicative models. The framework can be used to simulate a hypothetical target population of environments (TPE), from which many different multi-environment trial (MET) datasets can be sampled. Measures of variance explained and expected accuracy are developed to tune the simulation of non-crossover and crossover GEI and quantify the MET-TPE alignment. The framework has been implemented within the R package FieldSimR, and is demonstrated here using two working examples supported by R code. The first example embeds the framework into a linear mixed model to generate MET datasets with low, moderate and high GEI, which are used to compare several popular statistical models applied to plant breeding. The prediction accuracy generally increases as the level of GEI decreases or the number of environments sampled in the MET increases. The second example integrates the framework into a breeding programme simulation to compare genomic and phenotypic selection strategies over time. Genomic selection outperforms phenotypic selection by $$\sim $$
∼
50–70% in the TPE, depending on the level of GEI. These examples demonstrate how the new framework can be used to generate realistic MET datasets and model plant breeding programmes that better reflect the complexity of real-world settings, making it a valuable tool for optimising a wide range of breeding methodologies.
Ethical approaches in designing autonomous and intelligent systems: a comprehensive survey towards responsible development
Authors: Jedličková Anetta 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, significant progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has spurred the adoption of its algorithms, addressing previously daunting challenges. Alongside these remarkable strides, there has been a simultaneous increase in model complexity and reliance on opaque AI models, lacking transparency. In numerous scenarios, the systems themselves may necessitate making decisions entailing ethical dimensions. Consequently, it has become imperative to devise solutions to integrate ethical considerations into AI system development practices, facilitating broader utilization of AI systems across various domains. Research endeavors should explore innovative approaches to enhance ethical principles in AI systems, fostering greater transparency, accountability, and trustworthiness. Upholding fundamental individual rights, human dignity, autonomy, privacy, equality, and fairness, while mitigating potential harm, remains paramount. Considering ethical values and ensuring compliance with ethical requirements throughout the development lifecycle of autonomous and intelligent systems nurture trust and reliability in their utilization. Ethical considerations should be ingrained within organizational procedures guiding AI research activities, establishing robust frameworks that address ethical concerns and reflect the ethical implications of AI-based systems. This paper presents an overview of ethical approaches and processes aimed at integrating ethical considerations into AI system development practices. It underscores the significance of ethical frameworks in fostering ethical AI implementation and ensuring the ethical integrity of AI technologies.
Mathematical modelling of stability problems for thin transversally graded cylindrical shells
Authors: Tomczyk B. , Gołąbczak M. , Kubacka E. , Bagdasaryan V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe objects of consideration are thin linearly elastic Kirchhoff–Love-type open circular cylindrical shells having a functionally graded macrostructure and a tolerance-periodic microstructure in circumferential direction. The first aim of this contribution is to formulate and discuss a new mathematical averaged non-asymptotic model for the analysis of selected stability problems for such shells. As a tool of modelling we shall apply the tolerance averaging technique. The second aim is to derive and discuss a new mathematical averaged asymptotic model. This model will be formulated using the consistent asymptotic modelling procedure. The starting equations are the well-known governing equations of linear Kirchhoff–Love second-order theory of thin elastic cylindrical shells. For the functionally graded shells under consideration, the starting equations have highly oscillating, non-continuous and tolerance-periodic coefficients in circumferential direction, whereas equations of the proposed models have continuous and slowly-varying coefficients. Moreover, some of coefficients of the tolerance model equations depend on a microstructure size. It will be shown that in the framework of the tolerance model not only the fundamental cell-independent, but also the new additional cell-dependent critical forces can be derived and analysed.
Calibrated representations of the double Dyck path algebra
Authors: González Nicolle , Gorsky Eugene , Simental José 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe double Dyck path algebra $$\mathbb {A}_{q,t}$$

A

q
,
t

and its polynomial representation first arose as a key figure in the proof of the celebrated Shuffle Theorem of Carlsson and Mellit. A geometric formulation for an equivalent algebra $$\mathbb {B}_{q,t}$$

B

q
,
t

was then given by the second author and Carlsson and Mellit using the K-theory of parabolic flag Hilbert schemes. In this article, we initiate the systematic study of the representation theory of the double Dyck path algebra $$\mathbb {B}_{q,t}$$

B

q
,
t

. We define a natural extension of this algebra and study its calibrated representations. We show that the polynomial representation is calibrated, and place it into a large family of calibrated representations constructed from posets satisfying certain conditions. We also define tensor products and duals of these representations, thus proving (under suitable conditions) the category of calibrated representations is generically monoidal. As an application, we prove that tensor powers of the polynomial representation can be constructed from the equivariant K-theory of parabolic Gieseker moduli spaces.
Impact of the interval between neoadjuvant immunotherapy and surgery on prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): a real-world study
Authors: Yang Guozhen , Hong Yutong , Zhang Xiaomin , Zeng Chufeng , Tan Linyu , Zhang Xu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The time interval between neoadjuvant immunotherapy and surgery is 6 weeks for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but whether delayed surgery affects prognosis remains unclear.

Methods
Clinical data of locally advanced ESCC who underwent neoadjuvant immunotherapy followed by esophagectomy from November 2019 to December 2022 were collected. The surgery outcomes and prognosis were compared between short-interval (time to surgery ≤ 6 weeks) and long-interval groups (time to surgery > 6 weeks).

Results
152 patients were enrolled totally, with a ratio of 91:61 between short-interval and long-interval groups. The rate of pathological complete response in the short-interval and long-interval groups were 34.1% and 24.6% (P = 0.257). Delayed surgery did not have a significantly impact on the number of lymph node dissections (P = 0.133), operative duration (P = 0.689), blood loss (P = 0.837), hospitalization duration (P = 0.293), chest drainage duration (P = 0.886) and postoperative complications (P > 0.050). The 3-year Overall survival (OS) rates were 85.10% in the short-interval group, and 82.07% in the long-interval group (P = 0.435). The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 83.41% and 70.86% in the two groups (P = 0.037). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with a favorable response to immunotherapy (tumor regression grade 0) exhibited inferior 3-year OS (long-interval vs. short-interval: 51.85% vs. 91.08%, P = 0.035) and DFS (long-interval vs. short-interval: 47.40% vs. 91.08%, P = 0.014) in the long-interval group.

Conclusions
Delayed surgery after neoadjuvant immunotherapy does not further improve pathological response; instead, it resulted in a poorer DFS. Especially for patients with a favorable response to immunotherapy, delayed surgery increases the risk of mortality and recurrence.