bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recycling Nanowire Templates for Multiplex Templating Synthesis: A Green and Sustainable Strategy
Authors: Wang Jin‐Long , Liu Jian‐Wei , Lu Bing‐Zhang , Lu Yi‐Ruo , Ge Jin , Wu Zhen‐Yu , Wang Zhi‐Hua , Arshad Muhammad Nadeem , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTemplate‐directed synthesis of nanostructures has been emerging as one of the most important synthetic methodologies. A pristine nanotemplate is usually chemically transformed into other compounds and sacrificed after templating or only acts as an inert physical template to support the new components. If a nanotemplate is costly or toxic as waste, to recycle such a nanotemplate becomes highly desirable. Recently, ultrathin tellurium nanowires (TeNWs) have been demonstrated as versatile chemical or physical templates for the synthesis of a diverse family of uniform 1D nanostructures. However, ultrathin TeNWs as template are usually costly and are discarded as toxic waste in ionic species after chemical reactions or erosion. To solve the above problem, we conceptually demonstrate that such a nanotemplate can be economically recycled from waste solutions and repeatedly used as template.
Sequential Surface Modification of Au Nanoparticles: From Surface‐Bound AgI Complexes to Ag0 Doping
Authors: Fritz Eva‐Corinna , Nimphius Corinna , Goez Albrecht , Würtz Sebastian , Peterlechner Martin , Neugebauer Johannes , Glorius Frank , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with tailor‐made structures and properties are highly desirable for applications in catalysis and sensing. In this context, surface modifications of Au NPs are of particular relevance. Herein, we present a sequential surface modification of Au NPs with AgI coordination complexes, which can be converted into Ag0‐doped Au NPs by simple ligand‐exchange reaction. The key innovative element of this surface modification is a multifunctional bioxazoline‐based ligand that brings coordinated AgI into close proximity to the particle surface.
Tobramycin and Nebramine as Pseudo‐oligosaccharide Scaffolds for the Development of Antimicrobial Cationic Amphiphiles
Authors: Berkov‐Zrihen Yifat , Herzog Ido M. , Benhamou Raphael I. , Feldman Mark , Steinbuch Kfir B. , Shaul Pazit , Lerer Shachar , Eldar Avigdor , Fridman Micha 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAntimicrobial cationic amphiphiles derived from aminoglycoside pseudo‐oligosaccharide antibiotics interfere with the structure and function of bacterial membranes and offer a promising direction for the development of novel antibiotics. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of cationic amphiphiles derived from the pseudo‐trisaccharide aminoglycoside tobramycin and its pseudo‐disaccharide segment nebramine. Antimicrobial activity, membrane selectivity, mode of action, and structure–activity relationships were studied. Several cationic amphiphiles showed marked antimicrobial activity, and one amphiphilic nebramine derivative proved effective against all of the tested strains of bacteria; furthermore, against several of the tested strains, this compound was well over an order of magnitude more potent than the parent antibiotic tobramycin, the membrane‐targeting antimicrobial peptide mixture gramicidin D, and the cationic lipopeptide polymyxin B, which are in clinical use.
Die Ammoniak‐Brennstoffzelle wird Reaktor
Authors: Jaenicke Lothar 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIndustriell anwendbare Alternativen zur nunmehr über hundert Jahre alten Ammoniaksynthese nach dem Haber‐Bosch‐Verfahren sind noch nicht in Sicht, als Forschungsthema ist die Ammoniaksynthese daher nach wie vor aktuell.
Relation of In‐hospital Serum Creatinine Change Patterns and Outcomes Among ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Shacham Yacov , Leshem‐Rubinow Eran , Gal‐Oz Amir , Ben‐Assa Eyal , Steinvil Arie , Keren Gad , Roth Arie , Arbel Yaron 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe worsening of serum creatinine (sCr) level is a frequent finding among ST‐segment elevation MI (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), associated with adverse short‐term and long‐term outcomes. No information is present, however, regarding the incidence and prognostic implications associated with an improvement in sCr levels throughout hospitalization, as compared with admission levels.HypothesisReversible renal impairment prior to PCI is not associated with adverse outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 1260 STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. The incidence of in‐hospital complications and long‐term mortality was compared between patients having stable, worsened (>0.3 mg/dL increase), or improved (>0.3 mg/dL decrease) sCr levels throughout hospitalization.ResultsOverall, 127 patients (10%) had worsening in sCr levels, whereas 44 (3.5%) had an improvement of sCr compared with admission levels. Patients with worsening sCR had more complications during hospitalization, higher 30‐day (13% vs 1%; P < 0.001) and up to 5‐year all‐cause mortality (28% vs 5%; P < 0.001) compared with those with stable sCR. No significant difference was found regarding complications and mortality between patients having an improvement in sCr and stable sCr. Compared with patients with stable sCr, the adjusted hazard ratio for all‐cause mortality in patients with worsened sCr was 6.68 (95% confidence interval: 2.1‐21.6, P = 0.002).ConclusionsIn STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI, renal impairment prior to PCI is a frequent finding. In contrast to post‐PCI sCr worsening, this entity is not associated with adverse short‐term and long‐term outcomes.
Boron Nitride Nanomaterials for Thermal Management Applications
Authors: Meziani Mohammed J. , Song Wei‐Li , Wang Ping , Lu Fushen , Hou Zhiling , Anderson Ankoma , Maimaiti Halidan , Sun Ya‐Ping 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNs) are analogous to their two‐dimensional carbon counterparts in many materials properties, in particular, ultrahigh thermal conductivity, but also offer some unique attributes, including being electrically insulating, high thermal stability, chemical and oxidation resistance, low color, and high mechanical strength. Significant recent advances in the production of BNNs, understanding of their properties, and the development of polymeric nanocomposites with BNNs for thermally conductive yet electrically insulating materials and systems are highlighted herein. Major opportunities and challenges for further studies in this rapidly advancing field are also discussed.
Nighttime and daytime respiration in a headwater stream
Authors: González‐Pinzón Ricardo , Peipoch Marc , Haggerty Roy , Martí Eugènia , Fleckenstein Jan H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe investigated changes in respiration across nighttime and daytime in a headwater stream. For this, we conducted consecutive nighttime and daytime experiments injecting the bioreactive tracer resazurin in two reaches with different riparian canopy densities (different levels of photosynthetically active radiation) to compare respiration rate coefficients. We found that even though stream water temperatures measured above the streambed at day and night (half‐day timescale) were different within each reach and across reaches (95% confidence level), apparent respiration rate coefficients were not different across nighttime and daytime conditions (95% confidence level). A likely explanation for this is that the bulk of stream respiration takes place in the hyporheic zone, where diel fluctuations of stream temperature and photosynthetically active radiation are considerably attenuated and where temperature is not measured in routine investigations of stream metabolism. Our results suggest that community respiration in headwater streams may not need to be ‘corrected’ for temperature between daytime and nighttime, even though instantaneous changes in respiration are expected to occur from a pure biological perspective. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of ground motion selection and modification procedures using synthetic ground motions
Authors: Kwong N. Simon , Chopra Anil K. , McGuire Robin K. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis study presents a novel approach for evaluating ground motion selection and modification (GMSM) procedures in the context of probabilistic seismic demand analysis. In essence, synthetic ground motions are employed to derive the benchmark seismic demand hazard curve (SDHC), for any structure and response quantity of interest, and to establish the causal relationship between a GMSM procedure and the bias in its resulting estimate of the SDHC. An example is presented to illustrate how GMSM procedures may be evaluated using synthetic motions. To demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approach, two significantly different stochastic models for simulating ground motions are considered. By quantifying the bias in any estimate of the SDHC, the proposed approach enables the analyst to rank GMSM procedures in their ability to accurately estimate the SDHC, examine the sufficiency of intensity measures employed in ground motion selection, and assess the significance of the conditioning intensity measure in probabilistic seismic demand analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Larval exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB-126) causes persistent alteration of the amphibian gut microbiota
Authors: Kohl Kevin D. , Cary Tawnya L. , Karasov William H. , Dearing M. Denise 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Interactions between gut microbes and anthropogenic pollutants have been under study. The authors investigated the effects of larval exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB-126) on the gut microbial communities of tadpoles and frogs. Frogs treated with PCBs exhibited increased species richness in the gut and harbored communities significantly enriched in Fusobacteria. These results suggest that anthropogenic pollutants alter gut microbial populations, which may have health and fitness consequences for hosts. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1113–1118. © 2015 SETAC
Altered salience processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Tegelbeckers Jana , Bunzeck Nico , Duzel Emrah , Bonath Björn , Flechtner Hans‐Henning , Krauel Kerstin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAttentional problems in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have often been linked with deficits in cognitive control. Whether these deficits are associated with increased sensitivity to external salient stimuli remains unclear. To address this issue, we acquired functional brain images (fMRI) in 38 boys with and without ADHD (age: 11–16 years). To differentiate the effects of item novelty, contextual rareness and task relevance, participants performed a visual oddball task including four stimulus categories: a frequent standard picture (62.5%), unique novel pictures (12.5%), one repeated rare picture (12.5%), and a target picture (12.5%) that required a specific motor response. As a main finding, we can show considerable overlap in novelty‐related BOLD responses between both groups, but only healthy participants showed neural deactivation in temporal as well as frontal regions in response to novel pictures. Furthermore, only ADHD patients, but not healthy controls, engaged wide parts of the novelty network when processing the rare but familiar picture. Our results provide first evidence that ADHD patients show enhanced neural activity in response to novel but behaviorally irrelevant stimuli as well as reduced habituation to familiar items. These findings suggest an inefficient use of neuronal resources in children with ADHD that could be closely linked to increased distractibility. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2049–2060, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partial recovery of abnormal insula and dorsolateral prefrontal connectivity to cognitive networks in chronic low back pain after treatment
Authors: Čeko Marta , Shir Yoram , Ouellet Jean A. , Ware Mark A. , Stone Laura S. , Seminowicz David A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe previously reported that effective treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP) reversed abnormal brain structure and functional MRI (fMRI) activity during cognitive task performance, particularly in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Here, we used resting‐state fMRI to examine how chronic pain affects connectivity of brain networks supporting cognitive functioning and the effect of treatment in 14 CLBP patients and 16 healthy, pain‐free controls (scans were acquired at baseline for all subjects and at 6‐months post‐treatment for patients and a matched time‐point for 10 controls). The main networks activated during cognitive task performance, task‐positive network (TPN) and task‐negative network (TNN) (aka default mode) network, were identified in subjects' task fMRI data and used to define matching networks in resting‐state data. The connectivity of these cognitive resting‐state networks was compared between groups, and before and after treatment. Our findings converged on the bilateral insula (INS) as the region of aberrant cognitive resting‐state connectivity in patients pretreatment versus controls. These findings were complemented by an independent, data‐driven approach showing altered global connectivity of the INS. Detailed investigation of the INS confirmed reduced connectivity to widespread TPN and TNN areas, which was partially restored post‐treatment. Furthermore, analysis of diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI) data revealed structural changes in white matter supporting these findings. The left DLPFC also showed aberrant connectivity that was restored post‐treatment. Altogether, our findings implicate the bilateral INS and left DLPFC as key nodes of disrupted cognition‐related intrinsic connectivity in CLBP, and the resulting imbalance between TPN and TNN function is partially restored with treatment. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2075–2092, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of N‐ and C‐Phosphanylation of [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridines
Authors: Marchenko Anatoliy P. , Koidan Heorgiy N. , Kirilchuk Andrey A. , Rozhenko Alexander B. , Yurchenko Aleksandr A. , Kostyuk Aleksandr N. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSynthesis and deprotonation of N‐phosphanylated[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridinium triflates were investigated. Phosphanylation by t‐Bu2PCl proceeds at N1 of starting triazolo‐pyridines. According to density functional theory calculations, deprotonation of the formed salt gives abnormal carbenes, which decompose by opening of the triazole cycle. Treatment by chlorodiphenylphosphane leads to an equilibrium mixture of N1‐ and N2‐phosphanylated salts, which under addition of base yields normal carbene that rapidly rearranges to form C‐phosphanylated product. Mechanisms of the reactions are discussed.
Naturally Occurring Polyphenolic Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Yang You , Lian Gaoyan , Yu Biao 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPolyphenols, which are abundantly distributed in plants such as fruits, vegetables, and tea, constitute a large group of aromatic compounds, mainly including phenolic acids and flavonoids. These natural metabolites have been demonstrated to possess a wide range of biological activities associated with health benefits, including the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. In contrast to the classical α‐glucosidase inhibitors, e.g., aza/imino sugars, polyphenols serve as a new type of α‐glucosidase inhibitor with different, yet unknown, mechanisms of action, which could lead to novel dietary supplements and therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders. In this review, we report a collection of 137 naturally occurring phenolic acids and flavonoids with α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities.
Peptide Nanostructures with π‐Ways: Photophysical Consequences of Peptide/π‐Electron Molecular Self‐Assembly
Authors: Tovar John D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article provides a summary of the electronic outcomes that result as oligopeptides with embedded π‐conjugated units are drawn together into hierarchical 1D assemblies reminiscent of amyloid plaques or other protein deposits associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The baseline photophysics of prototype molecules are presented, followed by a description of how subtle molecular variations further perturb these responses in manners relevant to several cutting‐edge optoelectronic applications. For example, the influence of amino acid residue steric bulk/hydrophobicity and peptide N‐to‐C sequence variation are explicated, showing excited‐state variations in the excimeric or excitonic nature of the intermolecular π‐electron delocalization that result as the π‐conjugated peptides are driven to assemble into extended 1D fibrillar assemblies.
Response of Quinoa to Different Water Management Strategies: Field Experiments and Saltmed Model Application Results
Authors: Fghire Rachid , Wahbi Said , Anaya Fatima , Issa Ali Oudou , Benlhabib Ouafae , Ragab Ragab 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGiven the current water shortage in North Africa, improving water management to produce more crop per drop is vital. In addition, the introduction of drought‐tolerant, less water‐consuming crops such as quinoa is of great interest. To understand the response of quinoa to water stress in terms of biomass and grain yield under various irrigation management strategies, the SALTMED model was employed using field measurements during the cropping seasons of 2011 and 2012 at a site in the Marrakech region, south Morocco. Quinoa showed its ability to grow in the south of Morocco and give a good yield under full irrigation. However, the experimental and modelling results showed that under rainfed and deficit irrigation, the grain yield was lower than under the full irrigation treatment and was dependent on water deficit level. The study revealed that a reasonable grain yield of quinoa can only be obtained if it was subjected to moderate water stress conditions. The results indicated that the SALTMED model is able to simulate the quinoa biomass and grain yield under various water deficit levels and that the model can be used in the evaluation of different irrigation strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the persistence of anacetrapib and evacetrapib concentrations using two pharmacokinetic modeling approaches
Authors: Small David S. , Ke Alice Ban , Hall Stephen D. , Mantlo Nathan , Rotelli Matthew , Friedrich Stuart 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAnacetrapib, a cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor, has been reported to have longer elimination half‐life after longer treatment. Two pharmacokinetic model‐based approaches were used to assess whether evacetrapib, another CETP inhibitor, could behave similarly. Using population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling, evacetrapib and anacetrapib pharmacokinetics were characterized using available concentration‐time data, and steady‐state conditions were simulated. Published 2‐compartment models for each compound were adapted to include a hypothetical third compartment representing a depot into which drug could partition. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was used to predict steady‐state conditions and terminal half‐life based on known physicochemical and dispositional properties. The PopPK model described the anacetrapib data well, showing a likely third compartment with estimated apparent volume of 40,700 L. Anacetrapib's estimated half‐life for this compartment was 550 days. Simulations for evacetrapib using a hypothetical 3‐compartment model, the third compartment being consistent with that of the anacetrapib model, produced predictions inconsistent with reported results, indicating that evacetrapib did not substantially accumulate into a large compartment. The PBPK simulations were consistent with PopPK results, predicting accumulation for anacetrapib (but not evacetrapib) followed by very slow elimination. Based on available data and known physicochemical properties, evacetrapib is not expected to accumulate substantially during long‐term treatment.
Management of lipid disorders in patients living with HIV
Authors: Myerson Merle , Malvestutto Carlos , Aberg Judith A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSince the discovery and development of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV has become a chronic disease with patients living longer lives and to ages where co‐morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) are prevalent. Diagnosis and management of risk factors for CVD, in particular dyslipidemia, have become an important part of the overall care for patients living with HIV infection. Existing guidelines and recommendations for the management of dyslipidemia for persons with HIV infection are largely based on guidelines for the general population. Clinical and epidemiologic research efforts are ongoing to provide information specific to patients living with HIV. This review offers a detailed guide for clinicians who manage dyslipidemia in patients infected with HIV. The first sections provide background information on dyslipidemia, risk stratification, and targets for lipid therapy. This is followed by a step‐by‐step approach for diagnosis and treatment with specific information on lipid drug use for patients with HIV. The recommendations presented here are based on existing guidelines for the general population, evidence from research in patients infected with HIV, and the clinical experience of the authors. Management issues for which little or no information is available specific to this patient population are noted and serve to highlight the many gaps in our knowledge that will need to be addressed.
Self‐reported confidence in prescribing skills correlates poorly with assessed competence in fourth‐year medical students
Authors: Brinkman David J. , Tichelaar Jelle , van Agtmael Michiel A. , de Vries Theo P. G. M. , Richir Milan C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between students' self‐reported confidence and their objectively assessed competence in prescribing. We assessed the competence in several prescribing skills of 403 fourth‐year medical students at the VU University Medical Center, the Netherlands, in a formative simulated examination on a 10‐point scale (1 = very low; 10 = very high). Afterwards, the students were asked to rate their confidence in performing each of the prescribing skills on a 5‐point Likert scale (1 = very unsure; 5 = very confident). Their assessments were then compared with their self‐confidence ratings. Students' overall prescribing performance was adequate (7.0 ± 0.8), but they lacked confidence in 2 essential prescribing skills. Overall, there was a weak positive correlation (r = 0.2, P < .01, 95%CI 0.1–0.3) between reported confidence and actual competence. Therefore, this study suggests that self‐reported confidence is not an accurate measure of prescribing competence, and that students lack insight into their own strengths and weaknesses in prescribing. Future studies should focus on developing validated and reliable instruments so that students can assess their prescribing skills.