bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the hydrological response to climate change in a glacierized high mountain region, northwest China
Authors: Sun Meiping , Li Zhongqin , Yao Xiaojun , Zhang Mingjun , Jin Shuang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe impact of climate change on the variability of local discharge was investigated in a glacierized high mountain catchment located in the source area of the Ürümqi river, northwest China. We used past climate records to drive a hydrological model to simulate the discharge from 2000 to 2008. The model was then used to project future discharge variations for the period 2041–60, based on a regionally downscaled climate-change scenario combined with three stages of glacier coverage (i.e. compared to the glacier coverage in 2008): unchanged glacier size (100% glacierized), recession of half the glacier area (50% glacierized) and complete disappearance of glaciers (0% glacierized). In each scenario, snowmelt will begin half a month earlier and the discharge will increase in May. For the 100% glacierized scenario, the discharge will increase by 66 ± 35% in a smaller (3.34 km2) and more glaciated (50%) catchment and 33 ± 20% in a larger (28.90 km2) and proportionally less glaciated (18%) catchment. If the glacier area reduces by half, the discharge will decrease by 8 ± 5% and 9 ± 6%, respectively. Once the glacier disappears, the discharge will decrease by 58 ± 20% and 40 ± 13%, respectively. Together, the results indicate that a warming climate and the resulting glacier shrinkage will cause significant changes in the volume and timing of runoff.
Basal topographic controls on rapid retreat of Humboldt Glacier, northern Greenland
Authors: Carr J.R. , Vieli A. , Stokes C.R. , Jamieson S.S.R. , Palmer S.J. , Christoffersen P. , Dowdeswell J.A. , Nick F.M. , Blankenship D.D. , Young D.A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDischarge from marine-terminating outlet glaciers accounts for up to half the recent mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet, yet the causal factors are not fully understood. Here we assess the factors controlling the behaviour of Humboldt Glacier (HG), allowing us to evaluate the influence of basal topography on outlet glacier response to external forcing since part of HG’s terminus occupies a large overdeepening. HG’s retreat accelerated dramatically after 1999, coinciding with summer atmospheric warming of up to 0.19°C a–1 and sea-ice decline. Retreat was an order of magnitude greater in the northern section of the terminus, underlain by a major basal trough, than in the southern section, where the bedrock is comparatively shallow. Velocity change following retreat was spatially non-uniform, potentially due to a pinning point near HG’s northern lateral margin. Consistent with observations, numerical modelling demonstrates an order-of-magnitude greater sensitivity to sea-ice buttressing and crevasse depth (used as a proxy for atmospheric warming) in the northern section. The trough extends up to 72 km inland, so it is likely to facilitate sustained retreat and ice loss from HG during the 21st century.
Clinical trial metadata: defining and extracting metadata on the design, conduct, results and costs of 125 randomised clinical trials funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme
Authors: Raftery James , Young Amanda , Stanton Louise , Milne Ruairidh , Cook Andrew , Turner David , Davidson Peter 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundBy 2011, the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme had published the results of over 100 trials with another 220 in progress. The aim of the project was to develop and pilot ‘metadata’ on clinical trials funded by the HTA programme.ObjectivesThe aim of the project was to develop and pilot questions describing clinical trials funded by the HTA programme in terms of it meeting the needs of the NHS with scientifically robust studies. The objectives were to develop relevant classification systems and definitions for use in answering relevant questions and to assess their utility.Data sourcesPublished monographs and internal HTA documents.Review methodsA database was developed, ‘populated’ using retrospective data and used to answer questions under six prespecified themes. Questions were screened for feasibility in terms of data availability and/or ease of extraction. Answers were assessed by the authors in terms of completeness, success of the classification system used and resources required. Each question was scored to be retained, amended or dropped.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-five randomised trials were included in the database from 109 monographs. Neither the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number nor the term ‘randomised trial’ in the title proved a reliable way of identifying randomised trials. Only limited data were available on how the trials aimed to meet the needs of the NHS. Most trials were shown to follow their protocols but updates were often necessary as hardly any trials recruited as planned. Details were often lacking on planned statistical analyses, but we did not have access to the relevant statistical plans. Almost all the trials reported on cost-effectiveness, often in terms of both the primary outcome and quality-adjusted life-years. The cost of trials was shown to depend on the number of centres and the duration of the trial. Of the 78 questions explored, 61 were well answered, 33 fully with 28 requiring amendment were the analysis updated. The other 17 could not be answered with readily available data.LimitationsThe study was limited by being confined to 125 randomised trials by one funder.ConclusionsMetadata on randomised controlled trials can be expanded to include aspects of design, performance, results and costs. The HTA programme should continue and extend the work reported here.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research HTA programme.
Contrôle politico-territorial et culture illégale de plantes à drogue
Authors: Chouvy Pierre-Arnaud 
Published: February 2015

Le déficit de contrôle politico-territorial propre à certains pays explique en partie que des dizaines de milliers d’hectares de cultures illégales y existent. Les raisons d’un tel manque de contrôle politico-territorial sont diverses et non exclusives : conflits armés, corruption, territoire non ou trop faiblement intégré ou contrôlé, déficit de moyens humains, économiques, matériels, etc. En effet, la culture illégale de dizaines de milliers d’hectares de cannabis, de cocaïer et de pavot à opium sur le territoire de certains États implique, de deux choses l’une, que les autorités étatiques soient impliquées dans cette production, ou que l’État ne contrôle pas l’intégralité du territoire dont il a la charge. Le déficit de contrôle politico-territorial s’apparente à trois cas de figure : guerre totale mais inefficace contre la drogue ; tolérance étatique ; incapacité à faire face à une contestation armée. L’impossibilité du contrôle politico-territorial complet, même par les plus puissants, démontre si besoin est qu’en dépit du nombre de batailles gagnées ici et là par les États, la guerre contre la drogue est perdue d’avance. En fin de compte, les limites du contrôle politico-territorial des États appliqué à la lutte antidrogue posent en filigrane la question de la pertinence de l’illégalité d’une pratique que certains estiment être légitime.
Penser et agir la triade parents-bébé pendant la grossesse et après la naissance
Authors: Favez Nicolas , Frascarolo-Moutinot France , Lavanchy Scaiola Chloé , Corboz-Warnery Antoinette , Fivaz-Depeursinge Élisabeth 
Published: February 2015

Cet article présente une étude visant à explorer l’influence des représentations familiales et des interactions coparentales chez les mères et les pères durant la grossesse sur les interactions postnatales triadiques mère-père-bébé. 42 familles tout-venant ont été vues au 5 e mois de grossesse, ainsi qu’à 3 et 18 mois après la naissance. Pendant la grossesse, les parents ont joué la première rencontre avec leur bébé selon la procédure du Jeu Trilogique de Lausanne Prénatal. Les représentations familiales ont été évaluées à l’aide du Family System Test. À 3 et 18 mois, les interactions ont été évaluées dans le Jeu Trilogique de Lausanne Postnatal. Les résultats montrent d’une part que les interactions prénatales et postnatales sont liées et, d’autre part, que les représentations paternelles sont prédictives des interactions familiales à 3 mois. Ces résultats indiquent qu’il est possible d’évaluer pendant la grossesse des dimensions liées aux futures interactions familiales. Ils montrent également l’importance de tenir compte des représentations paternelles qui constituent une variable significative dans la construction des relations familiales.
La conversion en héritage. Crypto-judaïsants dans l'Europe des XVI e et XVII e siècles (Espagne, France, Angleterre)
Authors: Muchnik Natalia 
Published: February 2015

Cet article interroge la spécificité du crypto-judaïsme comme religion clandestine et la relation des judéoconvers d’origine ibérique au judaïsme en les étudiant dans plusieurs contextes socio-politiques de l’Europe des XVI e et XVII e siècles : les communautés marranes d’Espagne, confrontées à l’Inquisition et coupées du judaïsme, et les foyers crypto-judaïsants de France et d’Angleterre, relativement tolérés et qui se dotent parfois d’institutions cultuelles. La diversité des positions influe sur l’investissement social du secret, les modalités d’appartenance au groupe et les constructions identitaires. Sachant que d’ordinaire les crypto-judaïsants ne sont plus des convertis mais des descendants de convertis. On voit comment le souvenir de la conversion originelle est réactivé tant par les institutions répressives et les sociétés d’accueil que par les judéoconvers. L’ambiguïté de leur statut se lit dans leur rapport complexe au judaïsme et l’ambivalence de leur position dans la diaspora, particulièrement manifeste lorsqu’ils intègrent une congrégation officielle.
Dangerous Politics, Dangerous Liaisons: Love and Terror among Jewish Women Radicals in Czarist Russia
Authors: Hertz Deborah 
Published: February 2015

Pendant les années 1870 et 1880, les femmes juives sont très représentées dans les mouvements de gauche qui ont émergé en Russie. Dans cet article, nous explorons les origines sociales, les expériences de vie, et les motivations des femmes attirées par la politique socialiste à cette époque. Nous portons une attention particulière à la mixité sociale parmi les militants, et établissons un modèle de romances judéo-nobles qui figure aussi dans les salons dans d’autres époques et villes. Quatre notes biographiques approfondissent ce que nous pouvons apprendre des statistiques. Les femmes mises en exergue sont Gesia Gelfman, Anna Kuliscioff, Anna Epshtein et Rosalie Idelson.
Dickkopf-3 Acts as a Modulator of B Cell Fate and Function
Authors: Ludwig Julia , Federico Giuseppina , Prokosch Sandra , Küblbeck Günter , Schmitt Sabine , Klevenz Alexandra , Gröne Hermann-Josef , Nitschke Lars , Arnold Bernd 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for the generation of a mature B1 and B2 cell compartment are still poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that absence of Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) led to changes in the composition of the B cell compartment, which were due to an altered development and maintenance program of B cells. Development of B2 cells was impaired at the pre- and immature B cell stage, resulting in decreased numbers of follicular B cells in adult DKK3-deficient mice. Furthermore, DKK3 limited B1 cell self-maintenance in the periphery, by decreasing the survival and proliferation behavior of B1 cells. DKK3 may act via the BCR signaling pathway, as Ca2+ influx upon BCR stimulation was increased and SiglecG, a molecule shown to inhibit Calcium signaling, was downregulated in the absence of DKK3. DKK3-deficient mice exhibited altered Ab responses and an increased secretion of the cytokine IL-10. Additionally, DKK3 limited autoimmunity in a model of systemic lupus erythematosus. In summary, we identified DKK3 as a novel modulator interfering with B cell fate as well as the maintenance program of B cells, leading to changes in B cell immune responses.
Cutting Edge: Identification and Characterization of Human Intrahepatic CD49a+ NK Cells
Authors: Marquardt Nicole , Béziat Vivien , Nyström Sanna , Hengst Julia , Ivarsson Martin A. , Kekäläinen Eliisa , Johansson Helene , Mjösberg Jenny , Westgren Magnus , Lankisch Tim O. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Ellis Ewa C. , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Michaëlsson Jakob , Björkström Niklas K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Although NK cells are considered innate, recent studies in mice revealed the existence of a unique lineage of hepatic CD49a+DX5− NK cells with adaptive-like features. Development of this NK cell lineage is, in contrast to conventional NK cells, dependent on T-bet but not Eomes. In this study, we describe the identification of a T-bet+Eomes−CD49a+ NK cell subset readily detectable in the human liver, but not in afferent or efferent hepatic venous or peripheral blood. Human intrahepatic CD49a+ NK cells express killer cell Ig-like receptor and NKG2C, indicative of having undergone clonal-like expansion, are CD56bright, and express low levels of CD16, CD57, and perforin. After stimulation, CD49a+ NK cells express high levels of inflammatory cytokines but degranulate poorly. CD49a+ NK cells retain their phenotype after expansion in long-term in vitro cultures. These results demonstrate the presence of a likely human counterpart of mouse intrahepatic NK cells with adaptive-like features.
windex: Analyzing Convergent Evolution Using the Wheatsheaf Index in R
Authors: Arbuckle Kevin , Minter Amanda 
Published: February 2015

Summary windex is a package developed for the R statistical environment to provide novel tools for the analysis of convergent evolution. The recently described Wheatsheaf index provides quantitative measures of the strength of convergence and opens up new possibilities for exploring this evolutionary phenomenon. The windex package allows implementation of this method with additional functions that can be used to create plots and perform statistical tests. R provides compatibility with other packages, and the R environment is familiar to many researchers. Availability The windex package is freely available from CRAN: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/windex /. Consequently, windex can be installed directly from R and is distributed under the GNU General Public License 2.0.
Differences in the Amount of Fluoride Release among Fluoride-Releasing Cements
Authors: Ueda Takayuki , Sakurai Kaoru , Koike Takashi , Ogami Koichiro , Yokomoto Mituhiro , Tomura Kyoko 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The abutment teeth of removable partial dentures are susceptible to root surface caries and secondary caries, and such caries sometimes result in crown destruction. In particular, in aged patients, this risk increases due to age-associated gingival recession, periodontal disease, decreased amount of saliva, and inadequate brushing caused by decreased finger motor function. Fluoride-releasing materials may prevent such caries. In this study, we evaluated the amounts of fluoride release from various fluoride-releasing cements based on the amount of fluoride release into artificial saliva.

Materials and methods
In this study, the following three types of cement were used: Vitremer 2 Paste (3M Health Care: V2 hereafter) and Fuji Luting EX (GC: EX hereafter) as resin-modified glass-ionomer cements, and Clearfil SA Luting (Kuraray Medical: SA hereafter) as a fluoride-containing adhesive resin cement. Using the method indicated by the manufactures, 5 samples (diameter, 8 mm; thickness, 2 mm) for each type of cement were prepared. The samples were immersed in artificial saliva (5 ml) and left at room temperature. The artificial saliva used for immersion was replaced every 24 hours until 14 days after the initiation of immersion and every 48 hours thereafter until after 30 days. Fluoride release was measured in the immersion solution using a combination fluoride ion-selective electrode connected to an ion analyzer. For statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni test were performed to compare the amount of fluoride ion release among the groups (? = 0.05).

Results
The cumulative amount of fluoride ion release 30 days after the initiation of immersion was the highest for V2 (363.6 ± 87.1 μg/mm2), followed in order by EX (115.6 ± 7.9 μg/mm2) and SA (57.4 ± 23.9 μg/mm2). Significant differences were observed even from 1 day after the initiation of immersion between V2 and EX as well as SA. Concerning daily changes, the amount of fluoride ion release after 1 day was the highest for each type of cement; it was the highest for V2 (89.8 ± 13.5 μg/mm2), followed by SA (35.9 ± 8.3 μg/mm2) and EX (34.3 ± 3.2 μg/mm2). The amount of release gradually decreased after 2 days or more. Significant differences were observed from 1 day after the initiation of immersion between V2 and EX as well as SA. A significant difference between EX and SA was present from 2 until 4 days after the initiation of immersion.

Conclusion
V2 as a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement showed the highest amount of fluoride release, indicating continuous sustained fluoride release.

How to cite this article
Ogami K, Yokomoto M, Koike T, Ueda T, Tomura K, Sakurai K. Differences in the Amount of Fluoride Release among Fluoride-Releasing Cements. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(3):78-81.
Apexification of Immature Necrotic Tooth with MTA using Platelet Rich Fibrin as an Internal Matrix
Authors: Bansode Pradnya Vilas , Pathak Seema , Wavdhane Manthara , Khedgikar Shirish 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
If dental pulp injury occurs in immature tooth, root develop- ment is halted producing several complications. There are a number of protocols to manage nonvital open-apex teeth. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is widely used to accelerate soft and hard tissue healing which can be used as matrix. A 21-year-old male reported with the chief complaint of broken, discolored tooth, occasional pain, swelling and pus discharge in upper front region. Based on the clinical and radiologic findings the diagnosis of chronic periapical abscess with open apex with 11 was made. On first visit, triple antibiotic paste was placed in canal. On second visit after 21 days PRF was placed in periapical region over which mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) plug was placed. On follow-up visit after 6 months, tooth was asymptomatic and nontender.

Key messages
This article presents a novel case report about the use of PRF as an autogenous, cost-effective and resorbable internal matrix prior to placement of MTA as an apical barrier.

How to cite this article
Bansode PV, Pathak S, Wavdhane M, Khedgikar S. Apexification of Immature Necrotic Tooth with MTA using Platelet Rich Fibrin as an Internal Matrix. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(3):96-99.
The Implicit Affection Between Kantian Judgment and Aristotelian Rhetoric
Authors: Tinguely Joseph 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRecent scholarship on Kant and rhetoric suggests an inclusive relation between affectivity and cognitive judgment, but that position runs counter to a traditional philosophical opposition between sensibility and rationality. A way to overcome this opposition comes into view in the overlap in three significant areas between Kantian judgment and Aristotelian rhetoric. First, each allows that communicative capacities operate within the way a perceptual object or scene appears in the first place. Secondly, each significantly broadens such communicative capacities so as to include the entire conceptual form of one's disposition or orientation to the world as a whole. Thirdly, each links those broad mental dispositions to specifically affective states of mind. Taken together, the areas of overlap between Kantian judgment and Aristotelian rhetoric adumbrate an integrated picture of the affective sensibilities and cognitive capacities largely missing from the contemporary landscape.
Clinically Relevant Brain Tumor Model and Device Development for Experimental Therapeutics
Authors: Kamalakannan Palanichamy  , Kirstin Acus  , John R Jacob  , Arnab Chakravarti  
Published: February 2015

This paper assesses the subcutaneous, orthotopic, and transgenic mouse models used to study glioblastomas (GBMs) as well as delineates our model to overcome the limitations of these currently used models. Subcutaneous model involves the injection of GBM cells into hind leg or back of a mouse, whereas in orthotopic model, the injection of GBM cells into the cranium of mice is required. Neither subcutaneous nor orthotopic models accurately display the infiltrative growth pattern of the tumor into the brain parenchyma characteristic of GBMs in humans. Transgenic models are achieved by pronuclear microinjection (into the male pronucleus, immediately after fertilization) or the injection of DNA into embryonic stem cells. Transgenic models are similar to human GBMs in every way, except they are not as genetically complex. To overcome the limitations in these models, we have developed a brain tumor model that exhibits all the histologic hallmarks of human GBM. We used a flank model initially to enrich a tumorigenic population of GBM cells from patient biopsies and a subsequent intracranial implantation to achieve the characteristics of tumors similar to those observed in human patients. The cells enriched by this method were then implanted and subjected to standard treatments such as chemotheraphy and radiation. Subsequently, we determined the treatment efficacy and rate of recurrence. Currently, we are using this approach to determine the treatment resistance pathways leading to recurrence and for developing a better combinatorial approach by short-circuiting the aberrant signaling pathways that are up-regulated in the treatment resistance tumors.
Adverse Effects of Bevacizumab During Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kenji Ina  , Ryuichi Furuta  , Takae Kataoka  , Sayaka Sugiura  , Satoshi Kayukawa  , Takayuki Kanamori  , Takaki Kikuchi  , Megumi Kabeya  , Satoshi Hibi  , Shu Yuasa  
Published: February 2015

Objective:Bevacizumab has been increasingly used in combination chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer.The aim of this report is to underline the possible risks associated with bevacizumab use. Methods:Between July 2005 and March 2013, a total of 130 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who received oxaliplatin as first-line chemotherapy were divided into 2 groups those treated with bevacizumab (group A) and those without (group B), and compared. The primary endpoint was to clarify the profile of bevacizumab - induced adverse effects. Secondary endpoints examined therapeutic effects, including overall survival (OS). Results:The incidence of major side effects was almost equivalent, except for bleeding, between the 2 groups. With regard to the therapeutic effects, 1 patient in group A showed complete disappearance of multiple lung metastases without any evidence of recurrence. The median OS was 926 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 756 - 1257) in group A and 534 days (95% CI, 421 - 621) in group B (p < 0.01). Conclusion:The results demonstrate that bevacizumab prolonged survival in these patients although there was an increased risk of clinically significant bleeding.