bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of inward rectifying currents and Fabry disease neuropathy
Authors: Geevasinga Nimeshan , Tchan Michel , Sillence David , Vucic Steve 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy and neuropathic pain are common clinical manifestations of Fabry disease (FD). Although the mechanisms underlying the development of sensory neuropathy remain to be fully elucidated, a chronic ischemic process was proposed. Consequently, this study utilized axonal excitability techniques to gain further insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of FD neuropathy. Median motor and sensory axonal excitability studies were undertaken in 13 FD patients and results were compared to 19 healthy subjects. A “fanning‐in” of threshold electrotonus, suggestive of membrane depolarization, was evident only in motor axons in FD patients. In contrast, the sensory axons exhibited a lower threshold in FD (p < 0.05) and a significantly increased hyperpolarizing current/threshold (I/V) gradient (FD 0.48 ± 0.03; controls, 0.31 ± 0.02, p < 0.001), which correlated with clinical scores of disease severity (Rho = 0.65, p < 0.05), neuropathy (Rho = 0.54, p < 0.05) and neuropathic pain (Rho = 0.56, p < 0.05). These findings indicate that upregulation of Ih, rather than ischemia, may underlie the sensory symptoms and possibly development of neuropathy in FD. Modulation of sensory Ih may prove therapeutically useful in Fabry disease.
Myelin protein zero Arg36Gly mutation with very late onset and rapidly progressive painful neuropathy
Authors: Dacci Patrizia , Taroni Franco , Bella Eleonora Dalla , Milani Micaela , Pareyson Davide , Morbin Michela , Lauria Giuseppe 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMutations in myelin protein zero (MPZ) protein result in a wide spectrum of peripheral neuropathies, from congenital hypomyelinating to late onset sensory and motor axonal forms. In some patients, neuropathic pain can be a prominent symptom, making the diagnosis challenging mainly in those with other risk factors for neuropathy. We describe a 77‐year‐old woman with impaired glucose tolerance presenting with rapidly progressive axonal neuropathy leading to excruciating pain and severe weakness of lower limbs within 2 years from the onset. Her son abruptly complained of similar painful symptoms at the age of 47 years. Molecular analysis revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.106A>G) in MPZ exon 2, causing the substitution of arginine‐36 with glycine in the extracellular domain. Our observation suggests that MPZ‐related neuropathy should be considered in the diagnostic work up of patients with painful axonal neuropathy even presenting with rapid progression and at a very late age of onset.
The Effect of Occlusal Surface Relief of Dies on Marginal Adaptation of Metal‐Ceramic Casting Copings
Authors: Saber Fariba Saleh , Abolfazli Nader , Mahboub Farhang , Razavi Fariba Emadian 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of occlusal relief of dies on internal adaptation of metal‐ceramic casting copings.Materials and MethodsStandardized preparations were made on 80 extracted third molar teeth. Impressions were made with poly(vinyl siloxane), and stone dies were prepared. Dies were covered with four layers of die spacer, covering the entire preparation together with the occlusal surface excluding the apical 0.5 mm of the preparation in group 1 (40 specimens), and covering the same area excluding the occlusal surface in group 2 (40 specimens). Copings were cast using nickel–chromium‐based metal ceramic alloy and cemented using zinc phosphate cement. The specimens were sectioned along the long axis. Internal discrepancies were recorded with a 0.001‐mm resolution stereoscope at 6 points: the middle of the occlusal surface (MO), middle of the lingual wall (ML), middle of the buccal wall (MB), middle of the buccal shoulder finish line (MSH), middle of the lingual chamfer finish line (MCH), and middle of the buccal bevel finish line (MBL). Student's t‐test was used for statistical analysis. Significance level was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe marginal discrepancies of group 1 were higher than those of group 2. Significant differences in discrepancies were found on MO (p < 0.0001), MSH (p = 0.012), and MBL (p = 0.035). The bevel margin showed the least marginal discrepancy following occlusal surface of the die with no relief.ConclusionLeaving the occlusal part of the die uncovered with the die spacer improved the crown seating considerably in the occlusal surface as well as shoulder and bevel margins.
Effects of Oxalate Desensitizer with Different Resin Cement‐Retained Indirect Composite Inlays on Fracture Resistance of Teeth
Authors: Shafiei Fereshteh , Alavi Ali Asghar , Karimi Fatemeh , Ansarifard Elham 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated whether the tubular occluding effect of oxalate desensitizer (OX) during adhesive cementation (three resin cements) influenced fracture resistance of teeth restored with adhesive inlays.Materials and MethodsNinety intact maxillary premolars were randomly divided into 9 groups of 10 each. The two control groups were Gr 1, intact teeth and Gr 2, mesio‐occlusodistal preparation only. In six experimental groups, the composite inlays were cemented with ED Primer II/Panavia F 2.0, Excite DSC/Variolink II, and One‐Step Plus/Duolink according to manufacturers’ instructions (Groups 3, 5, and 7, respectively) or with OX during cementation (Groups 4, 6, and 8, respectively). In Group 9, inlays were cemented with a resin cement without adhesive system. After thermocycling, fracture strength was tested. The data were analyzed using two‐way and one‐way ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests (α = 0.05).ResultsFracture resistance of the six groups were significantly affected by OX (p = 0.002) but not by the resin cement type (p > 0.05). The interaction of the two factors was statistically significant (p = 0.052). A statistically significant difference between all groups was found (p < 0.001). The mean fracture resistances (N) were: Gr1 = 1168 ± 157,a Gr2 = 360 ± 110,d Gr3 = 1026 ± 188,b Gr4 = 887 ± 143,c Gr5 = 1007 ± 132,b Gr6 = 810 ± 164,c Gr7 = 1033 ± 218,a Gr8 = 955 ± 147,ab Gr9 = 780 ± 86c (groups with the same superscript letter indicate statistical similarity).ConclusionsCombining an OX with three resin cements had a significant negative effect on the fracture resistance of premolars restored with composite inlay cemented with Panavia F2.0 and Variolink II, but it had no significant effect when cemented with Duolink.
Fabricating an Interim Immediate Partial Denture in One Appointment (Modified Jiffy Denture). A Clinical Report
Authors: Gooya Ali , Ejlali Massod , Adli Amin Rezayi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn immediate denture is fabricated before all the remaining teeth have been removed. Its advantages include maintenance of a patient's appearance, muscle tone, facial height, tongue size, and normal speech and reduction of postoperative pain. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of a patient's fixed prosthesis for fabricating an interim immediate partial denture in one appointment. Occlusion, occlusal vertical dimension, and facial support are maintained during the healing period in this procedure.
Preoperative Intraoral Evaluation of Planned Fixed Partial Denture Pontics Using Silicone Putty
Authors: Mysore Ashwin Raghunandan , Aras Meena Ajay 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA preoperative visualization and evaluation of fixed partial denture (FPD) pontics in the anterior dentition is necessary for both the patient and the dentist. Such an evaluation allows patients to decide whether the esthetic and functional parameters of the restoration meet their requirements and expectations. To facilitate such an assessment, a method that allows stable intraoral positioning of the pontics is required. This article describes a technique to achieve this in a simple and effective way before the abutments are prepared. In addition, it also allows the operator to modify the pontics intraorally for esthetics and later incorporate the same pontics into the interim prosthesis. The integration of this pretreatment pontic evaluation procedure into FPD restorations assures better results and patient satisfaction.
Influence of Corticosteroids on Interleukin‐1β‐Stimulated Equine Chondrocyte Gene Expression
Authors: Caron John P. , Gandy Jeff C. , Schmidt Michelle , Hauptman Joseph G. , Sordillo Lorraine M. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) on expression of selected chondrocyte genes in recombinant equine interleukin‐1β (reIL‐1β) stimulated articular cartilage explants.DesignIn vitroexperiment.AnimalsHorses (n = 6).ProceduresArticular cartilage explants from 2‐ to 3‐ year‐old horses were exposed to reIL‐1β in the presence and absence of TA and MPA at 10−7and 10−6M. Resting levels of mRNA of anabolic and catabolic genes of chondrocyte origin were quantified using qPCR after 6‐ and 12‐hour incubations. Genes of interest included aggrecan interglobular domain, aggrecan, and collagen II, matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 13 (MMP3, MMP 13), aggrecanase 1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2 (TIMP 1, TIMP 2), BCL 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2).ResultsIL‐1β significantly influenced the expression of most transcripts. MPA and TA inhibited the induction of MMP 13 at 6 and 12 hours; an effect that was significant at 6 hours with MPA at 10−7M and TA at 10−6M. Similarly, COX 2 was induced by reIL‐1β and MPA and TA significantly inhibited its upregulation. TIMP 2 expression was reduced by reIL‐1β, an effect that was significantly abrogated by MPA and TA. There were no significant differences observed between glucocorticoids for any gene studied.ConclusionsNo differential effects of MPA or TA on chondrocytic gene expression were identified suggesting that any divergent influences of these glucocorticoids on chondrocyte metabolism are posttranslational.
Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Pulsed Signal Therapy in Dogs with Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sullivan Meghan O. , Gordon‐Evans Wanda J. , Knap Kim E. , Evans Richard B. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of pulsed signal therapy (PST) in reducing pain and increasing function in dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) using a randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial.Study DesignRandomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial.AnimalsAdult dogs (n = 60) with moderate‐to‐severe clinical signs of OA.MethodsDogs were randomized by age into 2 groups: dogs ≥ 9 years and dogs < 9‐years old. The control group received 1 hour of rest in hospital for 9 consecutive days and dogs in the treatment group received PST for 1 hour on 9 consecutive days.Goniometry and gait analysis were performed, and the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) questionnaire was given to the owners to fill out without supervision. Outcome measures were repeated at the end of treatment (Day 11) and 6 weeks after beginning treatment (Day 42).ResultsThe PST group performed significantly better than the control group as measured by the CBPI Severity and Interference scores (P< .01). Extension (P= .04) and peak vertical force (PVF) (P= .03) were not statistically significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsThe group receiving PST performed better than the treatment group according to owner assessment.
Individual Attitudes Toward Others, Misanthropy Analysis in a Cross‐Country Perspective
Authors: Melgar Natalia , Rossi Máximo , Smith Tom W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWhile misanthropy has been analyzed taking into account one country and just comparing results, we employ the 2004 International Social Survey Program data set and assess its determinants from a cross‐country analysis by considering personal characteristics and country effects. Findings indicate that misanthropy is explained by sociodemographic and economic characteristics (being a woman, education, and marriage reduce misanthropy while being young or poor, and self‐employment have the opposite effect). Country effects result significant consequently, some environmental factors play a relevant role. Finally, we add new elements to the discussion by showing a strong relationship among our misanthropy ranking and two corruption perception rankings.
Economic Development, Native Nations, and Solar Projects
Authors: Dreveskracht Ryan David 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article examines the issues surrounding sustainable economic development in American Indian country via the implementation of solar energy projects. The second section addresses Native American economic development, generally, focusing on practical sovereignty, capable institutions, and cultural match. The third section discusses solar energy projects: the benefits of solar energy when compared to other types of energy production; the ways that these projects will benefit Indian country specifically; and the rationale behind implementing solar energy projects as a means to sustainable economic development in Indian country. The fourth section will briefly discuss the question: Given the advantages of solar energy that the article advocates, why is the uptake in Indian country not already prolific?
Toward an Integrated Theory of Social Stratification
Authors: Bowles Douglas 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn the discipline of sociology, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber represent “classical” approaches to the study of stratification, from one or another of which most modern theory derives. In economics, Veblen's Theory of the Leisure Class represents an under‐utilized alternative to Marxian class analysis.The argument advanced in this article is that a close reading of the introductory chapter to Veblen's Theory of the Leisure Class provides a useful framework for productive integration of the diverse traditions of stratification theory and class analysis descending in sociological thought from Marx, Durkheim, and Weber.
Mainstream Health Economics and Dignity: The Commodity Narrative as a Debilitating Solecism?
Authors: McMaster Robert 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMainstream health economics conceives health care as a commodity, at least metaphorically, and also attempts to quantify health, both of which, this article contends, lead to the objectification of the individual. Consequently, the standard approach distorts the nature of health care and does not furnish a sufficient basis for the promotion of human dignity; indeed, there is much to suggest it is a source of debilitation.
Corn and Mexican Agriculture: What Went Wrong?
Authors: Avalos Antonio , Graillet Eduardo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe debt crisis of the 1980s caused the development strategy pursued by the Mexican government to be subject to a radical adjustment process that triggered deep repercussions for the agricultural sector and its farmers, particularly in the corn sector. In combination with the aggressive agricultural policies sustained by the U.S. government, the new approach meant that Mexican agriculture operated within an economic environment characterized by significant asymmetries and distortions, some internal and some imposed by major trading partners. This article summarizes and documents the most salient results of these policy events as well as their implications for the corn sector, and discusses some of the challenges to repair the agricultural sector in Mexico.
The Effects of Task Involvement Load on L2 Incidental Vocabulary Learning: A Meta‐Analytic Study
Authors: HUANG SHUFEN , WILLSON VICTOR , ESLAMI ZOHREH 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis meta‐analytic study provides a systematic statistical synthesis of the effects of output tasks on second or foreign incidental vocabulary learning. A total of 12 studies were included in this meta‐analysis. Five mediator variables were examined: design quality, types of output task, time on task, genres of text, and text–target word ratios. Results show that language learners who completed an output task outperformed those who only read a text. Results also support the involvement load hypothesis: Language learners who performed a task with a higher degree of involvement load, gained more vocabulary. Studies with high and medium levels of design quality were more likely to detect statistically significant differences among groups with different output tasks, compared to studies with a low level of design quality. Furthermore, results indicate that time on task had positive effects on vocabulary learning. Learners who read a combination of expository and narrative text gained more vocabulary than those who only read either an expository or narrative text. Learners who read a text with text–target word ratios of less than or equal to 2% did not learn significantly more vocabulary than those who read a text with a ratio of 2% to 5%.
Imagined Communities and Language Socialization Practices in Transnational Space: A Case Study of Two Korean “Study Abroad” Families in the United States
Authors: Song Juyoung 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis is a yearlong ethnographic case study of 2 study abroad South Korean families' language socialization practices in their home. It explored how these parents', particularly the mothers', future visions of their returning community in South Korea influenced their home language socialization practices. As their future vision, it employed the notion of “imagined communities” (ICs) (Anderson, 1991; Kanno & Norton, 2003; Norton, 2001; Norton & Pavlenko, 2007). The data from interviews and participant observations revealed that these 2 mothers not only created different ICs, but also aligned themselves differently with their ICs. I argue that each family's unique negotiation of multiple memberships among communities they left behind, local ones, and ones they hoped to become part of in the future caused that diversity, which led to their divergent practices and attitudes toward different languages in their home. Furthermore, having membership renewal as the main goal in their IC, these families strived to maximize their language learning opportunities overseas and at the same time imposed constraints on their daily practices through language ideologies brought from their ICs.
Positioning the Expert: Word Searches, Expertise, and Learning Opportunities in Peer Interaction
Authors: Reichert Tetyana , Liebscher Grit 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe goal of this article is to further our understanding of how learning opportunities are created in interactions. Based on a conversation analysis of peer interactions of foreign language learners, we investigate how the negotiation of expert positions among these learners affects this process. The focus of the analysis is on the relationship between the conversation analytic notion of “doing‐being‐an‐expert” and learning in the context of word searches. We challenge the fixed notions of expert and novice and highlight the roles of interpersonal context, tools, and positioning in the negotiation of expertise. Drawing on the socio‐interactionist notion of situating learning in interaction, we argue that there is a link between the negotiation of expert positions and opportunities for learning.
Tale of Two Tales: Locally Produced Accounts and Memberships During Research Interviews With a Multilingual Speaker
Authors: MORI JUNKO 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA growing number of studies have examined qualitative research interviews in terms of how researchers' own identities and agendas are implicated in the construction of interviewees' responses. Adopting the constructionist conception of research interviews, the current study introduces a comparative analysis of 2 interviews with a multilingual speaker of Korean, English, and Japanese conducted by 2 researchers who come from distinctive cultural, linguistic, and professional backgrounds. Informed by ethnomethodology, conversation analysis, and membership categorization analysis, the current analysis reveals how the interviewee came to co‐construct a different set of accounts with each interviewer in comparable segments where the same topics were discussed. The focal segments examined in this study can be seen as an illustration of how this Korean student interacting in her everyday life with others may co‐construct her ever‐shifting identities vis‐à‐vis membership categories such as American, Korean, or Korean‐American.
Smoothing Splines: Methods and Applications by WANG, Y.
Authors: Du Pang 
Published: December 2012

EDITOR: GUILHERME J. M. ROSASmoothing Splines: Methods and Applications(Y. Wang)Pang DuStatistics for Spatio‐Temporal Data(N. Cressie and C. K. Wikle)Ole F. ChristensenBayesian Modeling in Bioinformatics(D. K. Dey, S. Ghosh, and B. K. Mallick, eds.)Hisashi NomaRandomized Response and Indirect Questioning Techniques in Surveys(A. Chaudhuri)Mariano R. EspejoDesigns and Analysis of Experiments, Volume 3: Special Designs and Applications(K. Hinkelmann, ed.)Luzia Trinca
Safety Studies Conducted on a Sanitizing Agent Containing Benzalkonium Chloride
Authors: Dolan Laurie C. , Wheeler Jack A. , Burdock George A. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract:  Free N Clear is a sanitizing agent composed of United States Pharmacopeial Convention grade benzalkonium chloride (BAC), acetic acid, and methylparaben. Free N Clear is proposed for use as a sanitizing agent at a 1 : 50 dilution (2% solution), which contains approximately 100 ppm BAC. As part of a program to assess its safety, a 2% solution of Free N Clear (diluted Free N Clear) was administered by gavage to Sprague‐Dawley rats for 91 d and tested for genetic toxicity in vitro and in vivo. In the 91 d study, the no observable adverse‐effect level of diluted Free N Clear in male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats is 5000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose administered. Diluted Free N Clear was not mutagenic in a bacterial reverse mutation assay that tested concentrations extending into the toxic range, and did not increase the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow cells of male or female Sprague‐Dawley rats when tested at the maximum permissible dose volume of 20 mL/kg bw. The results support safety of Free N Clear, when used at the concentration proposed for use.Practical Application:  The significance of these findings will allow for the development of Free N Clear as a potential sanitizing agent for food.
Effects of Fatty Acid Composition and β‐Carotene on the Chlorophyll Photosensitized Oxidation of W/O Emulsion Affected by Phosphatidylcholine
Authors: Lee Yoosung , Choe Eunok 
Published: December 2012

Abstract:  Chlorophyll photosensitized oxidation of W/O emulsion consisting of oils with different fatty acid composition was studied and β‐carotene effects on the singlet oxygen oxidation affected by phosphatidylcholine were evaluated by determining peroxide value (PV) and conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) contents. An emulsion was composed of purified oil (sunflower, soybean, canola, or olive oil), water, and xanthan gum (50:50:0.35, w/w/w) with addition of phosphatidylcholine (0 or 250 ppm) and β‐carotene (0, 1, 5, or 10 ppm). PV and CDA content of oil in the emulsion were increased with time under chlorophyll photosensitized oxidation, and the oxidation rate was higher in the emulsion consisting of sunflower or soybean oil whose polyunsaturated fatty acids content was high compared to canola or olive oil. Addition of β‐carotene to the emulsion significantly decreased the oil oxidation under chlorophyll photosensitization, however, co‐addition of phosphatidylcholine decreased the antioxidant activity of β‐carotene, suggesting an antagonistic antioxidation between them.Practical Application:  The results of this study can be applied to the area of emulsion foods such as salad dressing to have improved texture and stability by decreasing the oil oxidation and providing desirable color by use of β‐carotene with phosphatidylcholine as emulsifier.