bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ivory tower in MD/PhD programmes: sticky floor, broken ladder and glass ceiling
Authors: Lail Achint , Ding Jeffrey , Leyva Brayden K , Jalal Sabeena , Nakae Sunny , Fares Saleh , Khosa Faisal 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveAchieving gender equity in academic medicine is not only a matter of social justice but also necessary in promoting an innovative and productive academic community. The purpose of this study was to assess gender distribution in dual MD/PhD academic programme faculty members across North America.MethodsAcademic metrics were analysed to quantify the relative career success of academic faculty members in MD/PhD programmes. Measured parameters included academic and leadership ranks along with nominal research factors such as peer-reviewed research publications, H-index, citation number and years of active research.ResultsΧ² analysis revealed a statistically significant (p<0.0001, χ²=114.5) difference in the gender distribution of faculty and leadership across North American MD/PhD programmes. Men held 74.2% of full professor positions, 64% of associate professor positions, 59.4% of assistant professor positions and 62.8% of lecturer positions. Moreover, men occupied a larger share of faculty leadership roles with a statistically significant disparity across all ranks (p<0.001, χ²=20.4). A higher proportion of men held positions as department chairs (79.6%), vice chairs (69.1%) and programme leads (69.4%).ConclusionGender disparity was prevalent in the MD/PhD programmes throughout North America with women achieving a lower degree of professional stature than men. Ultimately, steps must be taken to support women faculty to afford them better opportunities for academic and professional advancement.
Reentrant Hawking–Page phase transition of charged Gauss–Bonnet-AdS black holes in the grand canonical ensemble
Authors: Hu Xiao-yan , Cui Yuan-zhang , Xu Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the reentrant Hawking–Page transition in the grand canonical ensemble of Gauss–Bonnet AdS spacetime. We find that the four-dimensional Gauss–Bonnet hyperbolic AdS black hole always has a reentrant Hawking–Page transition in the range of electric potential $$0<\Phi <\Phi _{tr}$$

0
<
Φ
<

Φ

tr

, accompanied by the appearance of the triple point. However, once the potential exceeds a certain upper limit $$\Phi _{tr}$$

Φ

tr

, i.e. $$\Phi >\Phi _{tr}$$

Φ
>

Φ

tr

, the Hawking–Page transition disappears. In the spacetime of five and higher dimensional Gauss–Bonnet hyperbolic AdS black hole, the reentrant Hawking–Page transition is solely observed to occur when the electric potential $$\Phi $$
Φ
lies between two specific thresholds ($$\Phi _{c}<\Phi <\Phi _{tr}$$

Φ
c

<
Φ
<

Φ

tr

). In scenarios where the electric potential is below $$\Phi _{c}$$

Φ
c

($$\Phi <\Phi _{c}$$

Φ
<

Φ
c

), only the standard Hawking–Page transition as in the the Einstein gravity is observed. Similar to the four-dimensional case, the Hawking–Page transition is negated when the electric potential exceeds $$\Phi _{tr}$$

Φ

tr

($$\Phi >\Phi _{tr}$$

Φ
>

Φ

tr

). We give the coexistence line, the triple point and critical point of the Hawking–Page transition in the phase diagram of the Gauss–Bonnet hyperbolic AdS black hole. The observed reentrant Hawking–Page transitions and triple points in the context of Gauss–Bonnet hyperbolic AdS black holes may correspond to the phase transitions and triple points in QCD phase diagrams, following the spirit of the AdS/CFT correspondence. To be a complete research, the Hawking–Page transition of d-dimensional charged spherical Gauss–Bonnet-AdS black hole in the grand canonical ensemble is also study in the Appendix, for which there exists a standard Hawking–Page transition with the transition temperature depending on the Gauss–Bonnet constant $$\alpha $$
α
.
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Composite Used as Transducer Medias in Nitrate Ion-Selective Electrodes
Authors: Morawska Klaudia , Malinowski Szymon , Krawczyk Joanna , Wardak Cecylia 
Published: August 2024

To improve the performance of nitrate solid contact ion-selective electrodes, their design was modified with a composite material consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and copper oxide nanoparticles. The nanocomposite was used in the electrodes as a component of the ion-sensitive membrane (GCE/NC+ISM) and as a solid contact material applied by drop casting (GCE/NC/ISM). A series of comparative studies were conducted to determine which type of modification more favorably affected the performance of each electrode. A classical glassy carbon electrode with a membrane without a nanocomposite was used as a control electrode. The best electrode turned out to be the one in which transducer media in the form of a composite was implemented into the membrane. For the GCE/NC+ISM electrode, the highest sensitivity of 60.41 mV/decade, the lowest detection limit of 5.13 × 10−7 M, and the widest linearity range of 1 × 10−6–1 × 10−1 M were obtained. The presence of the nanocomposite in the membrane contributed to a significant improvement in electrical performance relative to the unmodified electrode, which in turn resulted in obtaining good potential reversibility and low potential drift—0.085 μV s−1. The prepared electrode was used to determine the concentration of nitrates in environmental water samples.
Role of Forkhead Box P3 in IFNγ-Mediated PD-L1 Expression and Bladder Cancer Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Zhang Hanwei , Ly Ann , Chou Emily , Wang Liang , Zhang Paul , Prado Kris , Gu Yiqian , Pellegrini Matteo , Chin Arnold I. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Antagonism of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is a critical therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced bladder cancer. IFNγ functions as a key regulator of PD-L1 in both immune as well as cancer cells. Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a transcription factor synonymous in T regulatory cell function but with increasingly described functions in cancer cells. Here, we investigated the relationship between FOXP3 and PD-L1 in bladder cancer. We showed that FOXP3 is critical in the ability for IFNγ to activate PD-L1 in bladder cancer cells. FOXP3 can bind to the PD-L1 promoter and induces a gene program that leads to regulation of multiple immune-related genes and genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Using in vitro and in vivo human and murine models, we showed that FOXP3 can influence bladder cancer EMT as well as promote cancer metastases. Furthermore, FOXP3 may be a convergent factor for multiple activators of PD-L1, including the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin.

Significance:
Historically a key transcription factor driving T regulatory cell function, FOXP3 has an increasingly recognized role in cancer cells. In bladder cancer, we defined a novel mechanism whereby FOXP3 mediates the activation of the immune checkpoint PD-L1 by the cytokine IFNγ. We also showed that FOXP3 induces other immune checkpoints as well as genes involved in EMT, promoting immune resistance and cancer metastases.
Characterizing Relationships between T-cell Inflammation and Outcomes in Patients with High-Risk Neuroblastoma According to Mesenchymal and Adrenergic Signatures
Authors: Kaufman Maria E. , Vayani Omar R. , Moore Kelley , Chlenski Alexandre , Wu Tong , Lee Sang Mee , Desai Ami V. , He Chuan , Cohn Susan L. , Applebaum Mark A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Recent insights have identified adrenergic (ADRN) and mesenchymal (MES) cell lineages as distinct biologic cell types and T-cell inflammation as a prognostic marker in neuroblastoma. We hypothesized that elucidating unique and overlapping aspects of these biologic features could serve as novel biomarkers for informing ongoing efforts to improve therapeutic approaches for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. We identified lineage-specific, single-stranded super-enhancers to define ADRN and MES specific genes. Publicly available RNA-seq of diagnostic tumor biopsies was used in Discovery and Validation cohorts. Each tumor was assigned a relative MES score and T-cell inflammation (TCI) score. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and differences were assessed by the log-rank test. Inflammation scores were correlated with MES scores and anticorrelated with MYCN-amplification in both cohorts. Among patients with high-risk, ADRN tumors, those with TCI tumors had superior overall survival to those with non-inflamed tumors. A similar, but nonsignificant, trend was observed in the Validation cohort. Conversely, there was no difference according to TCI status in the MES cohort in either the Discover or Validation cohorts. High-inflammation scores were correlated with improved survival in some patients with high-risk, ADRN but not MES neuroblastoma. Our findings bolster support for further developing T-cell-based and immunotherapy-based approaches for children with high-risk neuroblastoma of varying MES and ADRN expression.

Significance:
Adrenergic (ADRN) and mesenchymal (MES) lineages are distinct biologic cell types in neuroblastoma. We defined ADRN and MES specific genes and found that high-risk, ADRN tumors harboring elevated T-cell inflammation signatures had superior overall survival. Our findings bolster support for further developing immunotherapy-based approaches for children with high-risk neuroblastoma.
Secondary Endpoint Utilization and Publication Rate among Phase III Oncology Trials
Authors: Beck Esther J. , Sherry Alexander D. , Florez Marcus A. , Kouzy Ramez , Abi Jaoude Joseph , Lin Timothy A. , Miller Avital M. , Passy Adina H. , Kupferman Gabrielle S. , Patel Roshal R. , Chino Fumiko , Higbie Victoria Serpas , Parseghian Christine M. , Overman Michael J. , Minsky Bruce D. , Thomas Charles R. , Tang Chad , Msaouel Pavlos , Ludmir Ethan B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Secondary endpoints (SEP) provide crucial information in the interpretation of clinical trials, but their features are not yet well understood. Thus, we sought to empirically characterize the scope and publication rate of SEPs among late-phase oncology trials. We assessed SEPs for each randomized, published phase III oncology trial across all publications and ClinicalTrials.gov, performing logistic regressions to evaluate associations between trial characteristics and SEP publication rates. After screening, a total of 280 trials enrolling 244,576 patients and containing 2,562 SEPs met the inclusion criteria. Only 22% of trials (62/280) listed all SEPs consistently between ClinicalTrials.gov and the trial protocol. The absolute number of SEPs per trial increased over time, and trials sponsored by industry had a greater number of SEPs (median 9 vs. 5 SEPs per trial; P &lt; 0.0001). In total, 69% of SEPs (1,770/2,562) were published. The publication rate significantly varied by SEP category [X2 (5, N = 2,562) = 245.86; P &lt; 0.001]. SEPs that place the most burden on patients, such as patient-reported outcomes and translational correlatives, were published at 63% (246/393) and 44% (39/88), respectively. Trials with more SEPs were associated with lower overall SEP publication rates. Overall, our findings are that SEP publication rates in late-phase oncology trials are highly variable based on the type of SEP. To avoid undue burden on patients and promote transparency of findings, trialists should weigh the biological and clinical relevance of each SEP together with its feasibility at the time of trial design.

Significance:
In this investigation, we characterized the utilization and publication rates of SEPs among late-phase oncology trials. Our results draw attention to the proliferation of SEPs in recent years. Although overall publication rates were high, underpublication was detected among endpoints that may increase patient burden (such as translational correlatives and patient-reported outcomes).
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Studies in a Large Animal Model That Simulates the Cardiac Abnormalities of Human Septic Shock
Authors: Ford Verity J. , Applefeld Willard N. , Wang Jeffrey , Sun Junfeng , Solomon Steven B. , Sidenko Stanislav , Feng Jing , Sheffield Cynthia , Klein Harvey G. , Yu Zu‐Xi , Torabi‐Parizi Parizad , Danner Robert L. , Sachdev Vandana , Solomon Michael A. , Chen Marcus Y. , Natanson Charles 
Published: August 2024

Background
Septic shock is associated with increases in end‐diastolic volume (EDV) and decreases in ejection fraction that reverse within 10 days. Nonsurvivors do not develop EDV increases. The mechanism is unknown.

Methods and Results

Purpose‐bred beagles (n=33) were randomized to receive intrabronchial
Staphylococcus aureus
or saline. Over 96 hours, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiograms were performed. Tissue was obtained at 66 hours. From 0 to 96 hours after bacterial challenge, septic animals versus controls had significantly increased left ventricular wall edema (6%) and wall thinning with loss of mass (15%). On histology, the major finding was nonocclusive microvascular injury with edema in myocytes, the interstitium, and endothelial cells. Edema was associated with significant worsening of biventricular ejection fractions, ventricular‐arterial coupling, and circumferential strain. Early during sepsis, (0–24 hours), the EDV decreased; significantly more in nonsurvivors (ie, greater diastolic dysfunction). From 24 to 48 hours, septic animals' biventricular chamber sizes increased; in survivors significantly greater than baseline and nonsurvivors, whose EDVs were not different from baseline. Preload, afterload, or heart rate differences did not explain these differential changes.

Conclusions
The cardiac dysfunction of sepsis is associated with wall edema. In nonsurvivors, at 0 to 24 hours, sepsis induces a more severe diastolic dysfunction, further decreasing chamber size. The loss of left ventricular mass with wall thinning in septic survivors may, in part, explain the EDV increases from 24 to 48 hours because of a potentially reparative process removing damaged wall tissue. Septic cardiomyopathy is most consistent with a nonocclusive microvascular injury resulting in edema causing reversible systolic and diastolic dysfunction with more severe diastolic dysfunction being associated with a decreased EDV and death.
Prognosis of Patients With Ischemic Stroke With Prior Anticoagulant Therapy: Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin
Authors: Chun Kyeong‐Hyeon , Lee Hancheol , Hong Jung Hwa , Seo Kwon‐Duk 
Published: August 2024

Background
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been the drug of choice for preventing ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation since 2014. In previous studies, the stroke risk while taking warfarin was 2 per 100 patient‐years and 1.5% per year while taking DOACs. We hypothesized that even if ischemic stroke occurred during anticoagulation therapy with DOACs, the prognosis was likely to be better than that with warfarin.

Methods and Results

Data from 2002 to 2019, sourced from a nationwide claims database, were used to identify atrial fibrillation patients using
International Classification of Diseases
codes. Patients who experienced an ischemic stroke during anticoagulation were categorized by the drugs used (warfarin, dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban, and edoxaban). The primary outcome was mortality within 3 months and 1 year after the ischemic stroke. Among the 9578 patients with ischemic stroke during anticoagulation, 3343 received warfarin, and 6235 received DOACs (965 dabigatran, 2320 apixaban, 1702 rivaroxaban, 1248 edoxaban). The DOACs group demonstrated lower risks of 3‐month (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.550, [95% CI, 0.473–0.639];
P
<0.0001) and 1‐year mortality (adjusted HR, 0.596 [95% CI, 0.536–0.663];
P
<0.0001) than the warfarin group. Apixaban and edoxaban within the DOAC group exhibited particularly reduced 1‐year mortality risk compared with other DOACs (
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions
Our study confirmed that DOACs have a better prognosis than warfarin after ischemic stroke. The apixaban and edoxaban groups had a lower risk of death after ischemic stroke than the other DOAC groups.
The Politics of Religious Non-Interference: Islamic Legal Reform in Colonial India
Authors: Siddiqui Sohaira Z. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The 1929 Child Marriage Restraint Act (cmra), initially propounded as the Sarda Bill, became the first law related to marriage enacted in colonial India to be universally applicable to all subjects regardless of personal religious affiliations. Though formally adopted before Indian independence, the crma was advanced and passed by the newly formed Central Legislative Assembly which consisted primarily of Indians. As a result, the cmra garnered vociferous debates within both Muslim and Hindu communities and signaled a new challenge for religious communities which was distinct from British colonial legal logics. The focus of this article will be on one Muslim scholarly engagement with the cmra, that of Mufti Kifāyatallāh Dihlawī, the President of the Jamʿiyyat-i ʿUlamāʾ-i Hind (juh) and a highly influential Deobandi scholar. By navigating the contours of his legal debate surrounding the cmra, this article explores how the process of Islamic legal reform in the late colonial period in India was met with a new set of challenges as Indians gaining legislative authority sought to enact legal reforms that were seen as impinging on the rights of religious communities. And while, in this case, Muslim juristic opinions were sought, they could ultimately be trumped by larger social and political forces. More broadly, this article demonstrates that as India inched towards self-governance, competing groups and entities sought to claim communal representation of Muslims, and in the process, arguments made by religious scholars, even if they were recognized as being representative of broad Muslim sentiments, could be dismissed by emerging legal logics which supported the nationalizing tendencies of the Imperial Legislative Assembly over and above the rights of religious communities.
A Short Report on Newly Identified Manuscripts of Miṣbāḥ al-Arwāḥ: A Treatise Authorizing Takfīr in the Early Sokoto Caliphate
Authors: Kariya Kota 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Miṣbāḥ al-arwāḥ fī uṣūl al-falāḥ, written by a fifteenth-century Maliki scholar from Tlemcen, Muḥammad al-Maghīlī (d. c. 1505), had a great influence on the religious and legal thought of ʿUthmān b. Fūdī (d. 1817), the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, and the issue of takfīr in the history of his jihad movement. Although this work has not been fully examined because only one manuscript was previously known, I recently identified two manuscripts of this work held at al-Khizāna al-Ḥasaniyya (mss. 13446 and 13722). In the present paper, I provide a brief examination of these newly identified manuscripts, particularly from the perspective of the historical study of the early Sokoto Caliphate.
The Impact Bond Dataset: A Tool to Investigate Socially Motivated Cross-Sector Partnerships
Authors: Carter Eleanor , Velarde Juliana Outes , Paul Ozioma , Macdonald J. Ruairi , Airoldi Mara 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The indigo Impact Bond Dataset is an open-access dataset that describes a specific form of impact-focused cross-sector partnership adopted worldwide since 2010. These partnerships are data-rich in principle, yet historically, little data is shared and re-used. The dataset is the result of an engaged, collaborative process where different organisations involved in impact bond projects share data with the indigo initiative data stewards so that practitioners and researchers can analyse and learn from these partnerships. This article introduces the dataset in terms of scope, data collection methods, and data model. The authors provide descriptive summaries of the current landscape and demonstrate a practical application of the dataset. In closing, they discuss future avenues for research and dataset development, as well as the limitations of working with a collaborative approach.
Artificial intelligence and headache
Authors: Stubberud Anker , Langseth Helge , Nachev Parashkev , Matharu Manjit S. , Tronvik Erling 
Published: August 2024

Background and methods In this narrative review, we introduce key artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) concepts, aimed at headache clinicians and researchers. Thereafter, we thoroughly review the use of AI in headache, based on a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Embase and IEEExplore. Finally, we discuss limitations, as well as ethical and political perspectives. Results We identified six main research topics. First, natural language processing can be used to effectively extract and systematize unstructured headache research data, such as from electronic health records. Second, the most common application of ML is for classification of headache disorders, typically based on clinical record data, or neuroimaging data, with accuracies ranging from around 60% to well over 90%. Third, ML is used for prediction of headache disease trajectories. Fourth, ML shows promise in forecasting of headaches using self-reported data such as triggers and premonitory symptoms, data from wearable sensors and external data. Fifth and sixth, ML can be used for prediction of treatment responses and inference of treatment effects, respectively, aiming to optimize and individualize headache management. Conclusions The potential uses of AI and ML in headache are broad, but, at present, many studies suffer from poor reporting and lack out-of-sample evaluation, and most models are not validated in a clinical setting.