bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IRE‐1/XBP‐1 pathway of the unfolded protein response is required for properly localizing neuronal UNC‐6/Netrin for axon guidance in C. elegans
Authors: Asakura Taro , Ogura Ken‐ichi , Goshima Yoshio 
Published: December 2014

During developing nervous system, neurons project axons to their targets precisely. In this process, axon guidance molecules provide positional information to the axons. Therefore, the spatially and temporally controlled localization of the axon guidance molecules is required for the proper structure formation of the complex nervous system. In C. elegans, UNC‐6/Netrin is a secreted protein that elicits both attractive and repulsive response in axon guidance. UNC‐6/Netrin secreted from ventral cells may establish a concentration gradient from the ventral to the dorsal side of the animal, thus providing dorso‐ventral positional information. However, the mechanisms specifying positional information of UNC‐6/Netrin are largely unknown. Here, we show that the ire‐1/xbp‐1 pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is required for axonal distribution of UNC‐6/Netrin in the ventral neurons. In addition, the ire‐1/xbp‐1 pathway is also required for dorso‐ventral axon guidance mediated by UNC‐6/Netrin. Our results suggest that the ire‐1/xbp‐1 pathway of the UPR is crucial for establishing positional information of UNC‐6/Netrin. We propose that the proper secretion of UNC‐6/Netrin from the ventral neurons requires the activity of IRE‐1.
Brain metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: The impact of radiotherapy on control of intracranial hemorrhage
Authors: Yamakawa Yushi , Moriguchi Michihisa , Aramaki Takeshi , Mitsuya Koichi , Asakura Koiku , Sawada Akihiro , Endo Masahiro , Nakasu Yoko 
Published: December 2014

AimBrain metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare and causes devastating outcomes with intracranial hemorrhage. We retrospectively analyzed the impact of radiotherapy in preventing hemorrhagic events among patients with brain metastasis from HCC.MethodsPatients who underwent treatment for brain metastasis from HCC at our cancer center between January 2003 and December 2012 were identified from a prospectively compiled hospital database. Clinical characteristics were analyzed in patients with and without radiotherapy.ResultsFifteen HCC patients with brain metastasis from HCC were classified into two groups: 11 patients underwent radiotherapy (group R) and four patients received best supportive care without radiotherapy (group N). Six patients (54.5%) in group R and four patients (100%) in group N showed intracranial hemorrhage at presentation of brain metastasis. No patients in group R experienced intracranial hemorrhage during follow up, although two patients in group N did. Median overall survival was 22.4 weeks (range, 5.42–69.1) in group R and 2.24 weeks (range, 1.0–15.4) in group N.ConclusionFor patients with brain metastasis from HCC, radiotherapy appears useful for controlling brain lesions, preventing intracranial hemorrhage and improving survival. Radiotherapy may contribute to control of intracranial tumor and prevention of intracranial hemorrhage for selected patients with brain metastasis from HCC.
Simultaneous reconstruction of the oral commissure, lip and buccal mucosa with microvascular transfer of combined first–second toe web and dorsalis pedis flap
Authors: Ciudad Pedro , Maruccia Michele , Sapountzis Stamatis , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe reconstruction of oral commissure, lip and mucosa defects following tumour resection is a challenging task to the reconstructive surgeon owing to the increasing aesthetic and functional demands. The authors describe a case in which the use of combined first–second toe web with dorsalis pedis flap was transferred and an optimal result was achieved for the oral commissure, lip and buccal mucosa following resection of squamous cell carcinoma and local flap failure.
Incidence of hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers – a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Gardiner Joseph C , Reed Philip L , Bonner Joseph D , Haggerty Diana K , Hale Daniel G 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOur study sought to estimate the association between race, gender, comorbidity and body mass index (BMI) on the incidence of hospital‐acquired pressure ulcer (PU) from a population‐based retrospective cohort comprising 242 745 unique patient hospital discharges in two fiscal years from July 2009 to June 2010 from 15 general and tertiary care hospitals. Cases were patients with a single inpatient encounter that led to an incidentPU. Controls were patients without aPUat any encounter during the two fiscal years with the earliest admission retained for analysis. Logistic regression models quantified the association of potential risk factors forPUincidence. Spline functions captured the non‐linear effects of age and comorbidity. Overall 2·68% of patients experienced an incidentPUduring their inpatient stay. Unadjusted analyses revealed statistically significant associations by age, gender, race, comorbidity,BMI, admitted for a surgical procedure, source of admission and fiscal year, but differences by gender and race did not persist in adjusted analyses. Interactions between age, comorbidity andBMIcontributed significantly to the likelihood ofPUincidence. Patients who were older, with multiple comorbidities and admitted for a surgical diagnosis‐related groups (DRG) were at greater risk of experiencing aPUduring their stay.
Expected net benefit of clinical pharmacy in intensive care medicine: a randomized interventional comparative trial with matched before‐and‐after groups
Authors: Claus Barbara O.M. , Robays Hugo , Decruyenaere Johan , Annemans Lieven 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThis study evaluated clinical pharmacy costs against drug costs.MethodWe conducted a randomized interventional comparative trial at the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of Ghent University Hospital, Belgium (period B: group B1 with pharmacist consultation; control group B0). We obtained before (period A) and after (period C) control groups using 1:1 propensity score matching with B1 and B0. Mean daily ICU drug costs with standard error of the mean (SEM) were compared between B1 and B0 (primary analysis) and between matched pairs (AB1, AB0, CB1 and CB0; secondary analysis). For B, we performed a 1000 bootstrapping (by resampling B1 and B0), calculated the benefit‐cost ratio using pharmacy time (gross salary) as cost (euros) and drug cost savings as benefit. We performed sensitivity analysis with and without outlier drug costs (i.e. twice the standard deviation). Perspective: Belgian health care payer.ResultsIn period B, 135 patients were randomized: B0, n = 60; B1, n = 75. Pharmacists provided recommendations in 148/706 (21.0%) therapies with 83.1% acceptance. Mean drug cost difference between B0 (430.6 euros, SEM 406.0) and B1 (221.2 euros, SEM 58.7) (P = 0.870) became significant after excluding outlier drug costs (B0, 184.4 euros, SEM 42.5; B1, 90.5 euros, SEM 17.7; P < 0.001). Recommendations were cost‐beneficial (break‐even drug costs or savings) in 53.8% of patients with a benefit‐cost ratio of 25:1 (confidence interval –5:1 to 94:1). In sensitivity analysis excluding outlier drug costs, B0 costs were significantly higher than both A and C, indicating high baseline expenses in B0.ConclusionsThe randomized interventional comparative trial in a small ICU patient group suggested the potential cost‐benefit of clinical pharmacy on daily ICU drug costs. However, after matching, this benefit was attenuated. A final conclusion demands a larger randomized trial adopting a similar design with matched controls. Future research should include clinical impact of recommendations.
Development of a behaviour‐based measurement tool with defined intervention level for assessing acute pain in cats
Authors: Calvo G. , Holden E. , Reid J. , Scott E. M. , Firth A. , Bell A. , Robertson S. , Nolan A. M. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVESTo develop a composite measure pain scale tool to assess acute pain in cats and derive an intervention score.METHODSTo develop the prototype composite measure pain scale‐feline, words describing painful cats were collected, grouped into behavioural categories and ranked. To assess prototype validity two observers independently assigned composite measure pain scale‐feline and numerical rating scale scores to 25 hospitalised cats before and after analgesic treatment. Following interim analysis the prototype was revised (revised composite measure pain scale‐feline). To determine intervention score, two observers independently assigned revised composite measure pain scale‐feline and numerical rating scale scores to 116 cats. A further observer, a veterinarian, stated whether analgesia was necessary.RESULTSMean ± sd decrease in revised composite measure pain scale‐feline and numerical rating scale scores following analgesia were 2 · 4 ± 2 · 87 and 1 · 9 ± 2 · 34, respectively (95% confidence interval for mean change in revised composite measure pain scale‐feline between 1 · 21 and 3 · 6). Changes in revised composite measure pain scale‐feline and numerical rating scale were significantly correlated (r = 0 · 8) (P < 0001). Intervention level score of ≥4/16 was derived for revised composite measure pain scale‐feline (26 · 7% misclassification) and ≥3/10 for numerical rating scale (14 · 5% misclassification).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEA valid instrument with a recommended analgesic intervention level has been developed to assess acute clinical pain in cats that should be readily applicable in practice.
Personality traits and obesity: a systematic review
Authors: Gerlach G. , Herpertz S. , Loeber S. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBased on a bio‐social‐ecological systems model of the development and maintenance of obesity, there has been in the last few years a growing research interest in the association of obesity and personality traits. The aim of the present review was a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the existing literature taking into account the methodological quality of studies to enhance our understanding of personality traits associated with body weight, the development of overweight and obesity as well as the effectiveness of weight loss interventions including bariatric surgery. Personality traits play an important role both as risk as well as protective factors in the development of overweight and obesity. While thus in particular ‘neuroticism’, ‘impulsivity’ and ‘sensitivity to reward’ appear as risk factors, ‘conscientiousness’ and ‘self‐control’ have been shown to have a protective function in relation to weight gain. Conscientiousness is a measure of regulation of internal urges and self‐discipline, and may thus provide a potential source of control over impulsive reward‐oriented behaviour. The results of the present review suggest that, within the context of therapeutic weight reduction measures, it is meaningful to identify subgroups of patients for whom specific treatment options need to be developed, such as measures for strengthening self‐control skills.
Increased Perforation Risk with an MRI‐Conditional Pacing Lead: A Single‐Center Study
Authors: ACHA MOSHE RAV , KEANEY JOHN J. , LUBITZ STEVEN A. , MILAN DAVID J. , MANSOUR MOUSSA , E. HEIST KEVIN , PTASZEK LEON M. , SINGH JAGMEET P. , BLENDEA DAN , MELA THEOFANIE 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been considered contraindicated in patients with cardiac pacemakers (PPMs). Recently, Medtronic (MDT) MRI SureScan PPM (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) and leads were introduced into clinical practice in the United States of America.ObjectiveTo compare MDT CapSureFix 5086 MRI SureScan lead‐associated perforation and dislodgement rates with MDT non‐MRI SureScan active fixation leads.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the records of all patients implanted with MDT CapSureFix 5086 MRI SureScan leads as well as all patients implanted with MDT 4076 and 5076 leads at our institution from April 2011 to April 2014.ResultsFour of 72 patients implanted with MDT CapSureFix 5086 MRI SureScan leads (5.5%) had evidence of lead perforation, necessitating pericardiocentesis in three cases and lead revision in one case. Three of the four perforations were delayed perforations, presenting more than 3 weeks postimplant. Two patients implanted with MDT CapSureFix 5086 MRI SureScan leads (2.8%) had lead dislodgement. Of 420 patients implanted with MDT non‐MRI SureScan leads, there were two perforations (0.47%) and four dislodgements (0.9%). There were significantly increased lead perforations associated with MDT CapSureFix 5086 MRI SureScan leads (P = 0.005) and a nonsignificant trend toward increased dislodgements (P = 0.18) when compared with MDT non‐MRI SureScan leads.ConclusionIn contradiction to prior studies, this retrospective study suggests an increased perforation rate with MDT CapSureFix 5086 MRI SureScan leads. Most perforations were delayed perforations, presenting more than 3 weeks postimplant. Higher volume prospective studies with longer follow‐up are needed to confirm our findings.
Allergic airway diseases in childhood: An update
Authors: Hofmaier Stephanie 
Published: December 2014

AbstractComplex multifactorial diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma are not only becoming an increasing burden to healthcare systems, but especially affect the life quality of children and families suffering from their allergic symptoms. Also physicians are challenged by the multifaceted diseases as their work involves not only the often difficult decisions on case‐adapted diagnostics, treatment, and monitoring, but also possible preventive measures. This review gives an outline of the latest scientific developments related to the etiology, diagnosis, and management of allergic airway diseases in childhood, as well as prenatal and early life risk factors and strategies for prevention.
Derrida's “Antigonanette”: On the Quasi‐Transcendental
Authors: Kramer Sina 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this article, I rely both on Derrida's 1974 work Glas, as well as Derrida's 1971–72 lecture course, “La famille de Hegel,” to argue that the concept of the quasi‐transcendental is central to Derrida's reading of Hegel and to trace its implications beyond the Hegelian system. I follow Derrida's analysis of the role of Antigone—or, as the lecture course has it, “Antigonanette”—in Hegel's thought to argue that the quasi‐transcendental indicates a re(con)striction of empirical difference into the transcendental, which is thereby only ever provisionally transcendental. I then argue that the economy of difference indicated by the quasi‐transcendental is neither a general economy, nor is it in each case singular, but rather it ambivalently oscillates between these two. Finally, I treat the temporality of the quasi‐transcendental, arguing that the economy of difference indicated by the quasi‐transcendental is not prior to the re(con)striction of empirical difference, but is paradoxically produced by it by being retroactively constituted. I take up this analysis for the sake of describing what I contend is the quasi‐transcendental structure of constitutive exclusion, a way of understanding the conceptual structure of political bodies, and the political structure of concepts.
Introducing ‘Seeds of Change’ into the Food System? Localisation Strategies in the Swiss Dairy Industry
Authors: Forney Jérémie , Häberli Isabel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTheSwiss dairy‐farming sector faces challenging times after the removal of milk quotas. In this context, several cooperative and federative structures have developed new strategies to improve the situation of dairy farmers. Local products play an important role in these strategies. Based on ethnographic work, this article looks at the social construction and negotiation of ‘the local’ in three case studies. Firstly, we show what diverging geographical and moral definitions of the local emerge from the development of these localised food networks. Then we look at how the various moralities of the local in turn contribute to the transformation of the actors' position in the broader food system. Finally, we argue that apparently narrow economic strategies might open new paths for more transformative developments based on alternative values such as regional development, solidarity and identity.
Kinetically Distinct Sorting Pathways through the Golgi Exhibit Different Requirements for Arf1
Authors: Whitt Michael A. , Cox Michelle E. , Kansal Rita , Cox John V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTo investigate the role of cytoplasmic sequences in directing transmembrane protein trafficking through the Golgi, we analyzed the sorting of VSV tsO45 G fusions with either the native G cytoplasmic domain (G) or an alternative cytoplasmic tail derived from the chicken AE1‐4 anion exchanger (GAE). At restrictive temperature GAE and G accumulated in the ER, and upon shifting the cells to permissive temperature both proteins folded and underwent transport through the Golgi. However, GAE and G did not form hetero‐oligomers upon the shift to permissive temperature and they progressed through the Golgi with distinct kinetics. In addition, the transport of G through the proximal Golgi was Arf1 and COPI‐dependent, while GAE progression through the proximal Golgi was Arf1 and COPI‐independent. Although Arf1 did not regulate the sorting of GAE in the cis‐Golgi, Arf1 did regulate the exit of GAE from the TGN. The trafficking of GAE through the Golgi was similar to that of the native AE1‐4 anion exchanger, in that the progression of both proteins through the proximal Golgi was Arf1‐independent, while both required Arf1 to exit the TGN. We propose that the differential recognition of cytosolic signals in membrane‐spanning proteins by the Arf1‐dependent sorting machinery may influence the rate at which cargo progresses through the Golgi.
Business continuity in blood services: two case studies from events with potentially catastrophic effect on the national provision of blood components
Authors: Morgan S. J. , Rackham R. A. , Penny S. , Lawson J. R. , Walsh R. J. , Ismay S. L. 
Published: December 2014

Background and ObjectivesNHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) and the Australian Red Cross Blood Service (ARCBS) are national blood establishments providing blood components to England and North Wales, and Australia, respectively. In 2012, both services experienced potentially catastrophic challenges to key assets. NHSBT suffered a flood that closed the largest blood‐manufacturing centre in Europe, whilst ARCBS experienced the failure of a data centre network switch that rendered the national blood management system inaccessible for 42 h. This paper describes both crisis events, including the immediate actions, recovery procedures and lessons learned.Materials and MethodsBoth incidents triggered emergency response plans. These included hospital reprovisioning and recovery from the incident. Once normal services had been restored, both events were subjected to root cause analysis (RCA) and production of ‘lessons learned’ reports.ResultsIn both scenarios, the key enablers of rapid recovery were established emergency plans, clear leadership and the support of a flexible workforce. Product issues to hospitals were unaffected, and there were no abnormal trends in hospital complaints. RCA identified the importance of risk mitigations that require co‐operation with external organizations. Reviews of both events identified opportunities to enhance business resilience through prior identification of external risks and improvements to contingency plans, for example by implementing mass messaging to staff and other stakeholders.ConclusionsBlood establishment emergency plans tend to focus on responding to mass casualty events. However, consolidation of manufacturing to fewer sites combined with a reliance on national IT systems increases the impact of loss of function. Blood services should develop business continuity plans which include prevention of such losses, and the maintenance of services and disaster recovery.
Factors Associated with the Inappropriate Use of Antimicrobials
Authors: McIntosh W. , Dean W. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryAntimicrobial resistance continues to grow and antimicrobial use in food animal production and to a lesser extent in human patients is under fire. Much of the criticism has to do with the misapplication of these drugs in both settings. Research indicates that patients, food animal producers, physicians and veterinarians have all played a part in misusing antimicrobials, often because of mistaken beliefs. This paper reviews this research and introduces a theoretical perspective, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which broadens our understanding of the motivations for misuse. In particular this approach shows that individuals making decisions about antimicrobial use take into account social pressures from and a sense of obligation to significant others in their social networks. Our own work summarized in this paper indicates that both feedlot veterinarians and feedlot managers’ antimicrobial decisions are influenced by both expectations from and obligations to a variety of actors in the feedlot network (other veterinarians, feedlot clients, consumers, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory bodies). Generally across 4 circumstances of antimicrobial use (for acutely sick cattle, chronically‐sick cattle, at‐risk cattle, high‐risk cattle), it is largely the perception that peers and clients expect feedlot veterinarians to use antimicrobials and feedlot veterinarians sense of obligation to these groups that have the most influence on their decisions to recommend antimicrobials. Based on these findings, the question of engaging in changing the choices made by those working with food animals must start with those who influence the decision to proscribe or use antimicrobials. As our data come from the United States and may be unique relative to other countries, these efforts should begin by ascertaining who influences these decisions. The next step is to then change the beliefs of these significant others.
Spatial variation of heart failure and air pollution in Warwickshire, UK: an investigation of small scale variation at the ward-level
Authors: Bennett Oscar , Kandala Ngianga-Bakwin , Ji Chen , Linnane John , Clarke Aileen 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo map using geospatial modelling techniques the morbidity and mortality caused by heart failure within Warwickshire to characterise and quantify any influence of air pollution on these risks.DesignCross-sectional.SettingWarwickshire, UK.ParticipantsData from all of the 105 current Warwickshire County wards were collected on hospital admissions and deaths due to heart failure.ResultsIn multivariate analyses, the presence of higher mono-nitrogen oxide (NOx) in a ward (3.35:1.89, 4.99), benzene (Ben) (31.9:8.36, 55.85) and index of multiple deprivation (IMD; 0.02: 0.01, 0.03), were consistently associated with a higher risk of heart failure morbidity. Particulate matter (Pm; −12.93: −20.41, −6.54) was negatively associated with the risk of heart failure morbidity. No association was found between sulfur dioxide (SO2) and heart failure morbidity. The risk of heart failure mortality was higher in wards with a higher NOx (4.30: 1.68, 7.37) and wards with more inhabitants 50+ years old (1.60: 0.47, 2.92). Pm was negatively associated (−14.69: −23.46, −6.50) with heart failure mortality. SO2, Ben and IMD scores were not associated with heart failure mortality. There was a prominent variation in heart failure morbidity and mortality risk across wards, the highest risk being in the regions around Nuneaton and Bedworth.ConclusionsThis study showed distinct spatial patterns in heart failure morbidity and mortality, suggesting the potential role of environmental factors beyond individual-level risk factors. Air pollution levels should therefore be taken into account when considering the wider determinants of public health and the impact that changes in air pollution might have on the health of a population.