bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical Standards, Credentialing, and Accountability: An International Perspective
Authors: Welfel Elizabeth Reynolds , Khamush Basak Kacar 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAcross the globe, the existence of formal standards for credentialing of psychologists is tied to a nation's economic wealth (or at least economic stability) and the vibrancy of the academic discipline of psychology there. Countries with long-standing stable governments, and with the opportunity for free and fair elections, also appear to have a more formal system for the education, credentialing, and oversight of psychological practice. In nations where governments are autocratic and dictatorial, and economies are unstable, the profession is largely invisible and certainly without formal governmental recognition. Nations that have been isolated from international contacts may also lag behind in availability of well-trained mental health professionals and in the regulation of mental health practice (Sanchez-Sosa & Riveros, 2007). China is one example of this dynamic, though it no longer has an unstable economy and is catching up rapidly. In this chapter we will examine the commonalities and variability in professional identity, licensing standards, and measures of accountability in 13 countries across the globe, representing six continents, and address general global trends. Specifically, we will highlight the state of regulation of psychology and related professions in each nation, the vibrancy of the profession and the professional associations in each country, and, whenever regulations exist, the procedures for licensing aimed at protecting the public from harm. Finally, we will identify points of convergence and divergence in licensing standards and discuss the fundamental issues and values that appear to underlie those similarities and differences.
The Search for Common Standards: A Case of Research Standards
Authors: Leach Mark M. , Jeppsen Benjamin , Discont Steve 
Published: February 2013

AbstractResearch on the comparisons of ethics standards across ethics codes has increased over the past decade, with the goal of determining common standards. Finding these common standards may help assess the degree to which psychology shares common values, as well as help ascertain what psychology considers good ethical practices regardless of country. The purpose of this chapter was to uncover ethical standards common to research practices across national codes of ethics. This study did not use a particular code as the foundation from which to compare other codes, reducing ethnocentric bias. Results indicated common research standards across countries, with additional trends for consideration.
Ethics and Law from an International Perspective: The Relationship between National Psychological Association Ethics Codes and Civil Law
Authors: Behnke Stephen , Jones Stan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe authors use a novel methodology to gauge how the ethics codes of national psychology associations define the relationship between psychology and the society in which it is practiced. Using ethics codes available in English through the IUPsyS compendium project, the authors examine how national ethics codes make reference to civil law, an indicator of how psychology associations view their relationship to society. The authors identify several ways in which civil law appears in ethics codes. The five national ethics codes that refer to civil law the most are further scrutinized as to whether they impose an obligation to follow the law, provide a means for adjudicating ethical–legal conflicts, specify domains germane to law, address forensic activities, and incorporate transcendent human rights. Some national associations view ethics and law as inextricably intertwined. Other associations adopt a more detached relationship, whereby ethics and law operate largely in two separate realms.
Latin and South America
Authors: Consoli Andrés J. , Ardila Rubén , Ferrero Andrea 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEthics in psychology in Latin and South America have become an important, even central area in the discipline. Latin and South American countries have advanced an organized psychological discipline by creating professional societies and Colegios, developing ethics codes, and writing laws regulating the practice of psychology. These countries have sought to systematize the training and eventual accreditation in psychology through regional agreements such as NAFTA, Southern Common Market, the Andean Community, and the Central American Council on Accreditation. In this chapter we review the status of psychology and psychological ethics in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Puerto Rico. All countries have developed a national code of ethics applicable to all psychologists in the country, and have instituted an ethics committee to attend possible complaints against professionals. All codes share a similar structure, highlight ethical principles, and articulate a code of conduct.
Turkey
Authors: Korkut Yeşim 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe development of psychological ethics in Turkey is closely related not only to the development of psychology in the country, but also to the trends in psychology in other countries. On a deeper level, political and social changes in the world have influenced both psychology and psychological ethics. In this chapter, therefore, the main aim is first to provide an overview of the history of psychology in Turkey. Furthermore, the influence of Western psychology beginning in the early 1900s, the development of the discipline of psychology in Turkey, and the rapid and systematic development of psychological ethics in Turkey during the most recent decade will be presented. Finally, in light of these interwoven processes, a discussion about the future of psychology and psychological ethics will be provided.
Taking Stock and Looking Forward
Authors: Lindsay Geoff , Stevens Michael J. , Leach Mark M. , Ferrero Andrea , Korkut Yeşim 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this chapter we offer a summary and synthesis based on the sections of the Handbook, present topics and issues related to psychological ethics that have recently received and will likely continue to receive significant attention worldwide, and address emerging challenges, such as the feasibility of a universal code of ethics, given global events and forces. We describe and evaluate the progress that psychology and psychologists have made in developing an ethical scientific and applied practice, and provide several recommendations on how best to ensure the international adherence to the ethical principles and standards of conduct in the various activities in which psychologists around the world are engaged.
Measuring Value: Pharmacoeconomics Theory and Practice
Authors: Towse Adrian , Drummond Michael , Sorenson Corinna 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGovernment-run or -regulated health care systems have adopted complex systems of economic regulation to control pharmaceutical expenditures, which are generally an ad hoc mix of historical policies. There has, however, been a substantial increase in the number of third-party payers using formal cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) or pharmacoeconomic approaches for assessing the value of drugs, vaccines, and other health technologies to inform decisions about pricing, reimbursement, and use within their health care systems. This article explores the theoretical and practical issues that have arisen in the application of CEA for drugs to resource allocation decisions in health care and in the regulation of pharmaceutical prices and use. It begins by outlining the evolution of CEA from the practice of health technology assessment.
Price Indexes for Prescription Drugs: A Review of the Issues
Authors: Aizcorbe Ana , Nestoriak Nicole 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article begins by describing the many challenges of constructing meaningful price indexes in medical markets. It examines practical issues associated with how prescription drug price indexes are constructed in the United States and how they may be used to decompose the growth in spending into price and quantity components. It shows that drug price indexes are very sensitive to a number of modelling decisions, such as whether to use price per day of treatment, price per prescription, or price per package; whether to define a product narrowly (e.g., with a national drug code [NDC] that represents a product) or broadly (e.g., as a molecule, which includes both the patented drug and any generic entrants); and how often to change the weights assigned to each item in the basket. For example, between 2003 and 2005 the narrow NDC-based price index grew about twice as fast as the broader molecule-based index due to patent expirations and switching to generic alternatives during this period.
Feminist Multicultural Psychology: Evolution, Change, and Challenge
Authors: Enns Carolyn Zerbe , Williams Elizabeth Nutt , Fassinger Ruth E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter traces the “herstory” of feminist multicultural perspectives in counseling psychology from 1970 to the present. It highlights the activities, events, products, groups, and organizations that have contributed to feminist multicultural and social justice perspectives. The chapter chronicles the challenges of integrating multicultural and feminist perspectives and notes developments and changes with regard to (a) defining sex and gender; (b) conceptualizing the intersections of oppression, power, and privilege; (c) understanding complex and subtle forms of bias in the twenty-first century; (d) exploring research methods for studying complex intersections of multiple identities; and (e) clarifying concepts and structures that support feminist multicultural theory, ethics, and practice. Chapter themes provide a foundation for the contents of this handbook, which focus on contemporary frameworks for feminist multicultural counseling psychology; the contributions and experiences of diverse groups of women and persons with multiple social identities; major theory and practice areas in feminist multicultural counseling psychology; and advocacy, training, and social justice applications.
Feminist Multicultural Counseling Psychology and Poverty
Authors: Smith Laura , Appio Lauren , Chang Jennifer 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWithin social justice theorizing, issues of poverty and social class receive relatively little focused attention, yet the convergence of feminist and multicultural counseling psychology provides a natural context for such considerations. In this chapter, the authors support this idea by outlining trends within feminist and multicultural psychology, and then go on to describe recent innovations by counseling psychologists that point the way toward socially just counseling practice in the context of poverty.
Realidades Culturales y Identidades Dimensionadas: The Complexities of Latinas’ Diversities
Authors: Gloria Alberta M. , Castellanos Jeanett 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTo understand the realities and complexities of Latinas’ multidimensionality of identities, this chapter addresses the different sociocontextual considerations and cultural dimensions and roles with which they contend. Implementing a gender-cultural strength lens, the ways by which Latinas infuse their multiplicity of identities as a strength-based and powerful process are examined. Through the bridging of Latinas’ cultural and familial costumbres, valores, y practicas culturales (customs, values, and cultural practices), the chapter emphasizes the energetically spiritual transmissions of Latinas’ internal strength patron (blueprint) while (re)defining una buena mujer and the process of tranformation to una Latina poderosa (a powerful Latina).
Asian American Women’s Feminism: Sociopolitical History and Clinical Considerations
Authors: Suzuki Lisa A. , Ahluwalia Muninder K. , Alimchandani Anjali 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter provides a multicultural counseling psychology perspective highlighting theory and research that conceptualizes the experiences of Asian American women, a group characterized by diverse histories and social locations within the United States. A historical and political context is provided, beginning with the examination of federal legislation that has impacted the immigration patterns of Asian American women for over a century. Controversies surrounding a pan-Asian identity and intersectionality theory are illustrated, along with stereotypical portrayals of Asian women in the media. Asian conceptions of psychology and mental health are outlined, along with clinical considerations from a cultural perspective. Mental health concerns in the Asian American community are identified. The formation of social networks of Asian American women is discussed, as well as their impact on the women’s movement within this community. In addition, this chapter cites the unique characterization of feminism within the interdependent and often bicultural community of Asian American women.
Feminist Multicultural Counseling Psychology with American Muslim Women
Authors: Mahmood Amina 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe psychological literature about American Muslim women is sparse, suggesting that little is known about this population. Much of the research conducted on Muslim women originates in the United Kingdom and Canada. The American context experienced in the United States is unique and colors the experiences of, and challenges faced by, American Muslim women. This chapter provides an introduction to the American Muslim population, the Islamic faith that unites and is common to these women, and some common psychosocial concerns experienced by American Muslim women.
Feminist Multicultural Counseling with Traumatized Individuals
Authors: Courtois Christine A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFeminism has greatly contributed to the treatment of trauma, especially of the sort that involves interpersonal victimization. Additionally, contemporary feminism has been crucial in identifying the scope of interpersonal violence against females, identifying these events and experiences as traumatic, and providing philosophical foundations and strategies for psychotherapy. It has also encouraged the understanding of the victimization in terms of cultural and other contextual considerations that contributed to its occurrence. Trauma victims and survivors benefit from a treatment that is oriented toward re-empowerment, encouragement of their personal strength and resilience, an understanding of adaptations to trauma as survivor skills rather than pathology, an understanding of their unique individual and social characteristics and the influence they have on both the occurrence of their victimization and their recovery. Therapists who treat traumatized clients from a feminist/multicultural model must attend to the potential points of accord, as well as to the points of disagreement between the two, and to the multiple identities and individual needs of each client.
Feminist, Multicultural, and Social Justice Pedagogies in Counseling Psychology
Authors: Sinacore Ada L. , Ginsberg Freda , Kassan Anusha 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter provides a review of the extant literature on multicultural education and related competencies and pedagogy, feminist theories and pedagogy, and queer pedagogy. In this light, we analyze the literature on the feminist classroom and the challenges that educators experience when employing feminist pedagogy. This discussion is followed by a review of the relationship between multicultural and feminist pedagogies in light of the social justice agenda proposed at the 2001 Houston Counseling Psychology Conference and the challenges of implementing its goals. Lastly, the authors identify future directions and encourage counseling psychologists to build upon the intersections of feminism and multiculturalism to develop a social justice pedagogy for the discipline.
Multicultural Feminist Training, Supervision, and Continuing Education: Concepts, Competencies, and Challenges
Authors: Miville Marie L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis book chapter summarizes key concepts of multicultural feminist training and education, including an intersectional conceptualization of multiple identity dimensions; the development of a consciousness or awareness regarding the impact of oppression of individuals, particularly interlocking oppressions; self-reflection; themes of power and empowerment; collaborative and systemic working relationships; and the promotion of advocacy and social change. Pedagogical and curriculum considerations are presented, and individual program and professional organizational initiatives are discussed. Best practices at the individual program level typically infuse multicultural feminist concepts throughout the entirety of training. Organizational efforts include the Counseling Psychology Model Training Values Statement Addressing Diversity, the Integrated Training Model, and the Advocacy Competencies. Challenges involved in adopting a multicultural feminist training program are discussed, and recommendations are made for resolving these dilemmas. Sections on supervision and continuing education highlight concepts and strategies that have been proposed for these types of training activities. Future directions and relevant discussion questions are described.
Activism, Advocacy, and Social Justice in Feminist Multicultural Counseling Psychology
Authors: Norsworthy Kathryn L. , Abrams Elizabeth M. , Lindlau Stefanie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe fields of feminist, multicultural, and counseling psychology have historical roots in activism, advocacy, and social justice. Most of the existing literature exploring the intersections of these three fields of psychology has focused at the micro-level. In this chapter we (a) define and elaborate on the concepts of social justice, activism, and advocacy, particularly focusing on the meso and macro levels within feminist multicultural counseling psychology; (b) discuss the various contexts in which social justice work is taking place; (c) weave together the existing literature with interview data to illustrate the multifaceted work of feminist multicultural counseling psychologists involved in activism, advocacy, and social justice activities at these larger systemic levels; and (d) make recommendations for future directions in feminist-social justice counseling psychology.
Making the Political Personal
Authors: Williams Elizabeth Nutt , Enns Carolyn Zerbe 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter highlights the themes that have emerged across the various chapters in this work, the Oxford Handbook of Feminist Multicultural Counseling Psychology. Specifically, three primary themes arose. First, the authors spoke to the need for a new paradigm for understanding power and privilege in everyday decisions. They detailed the importance of questioning what is considered normative and of confronting oppression and discrimination at all levels. Second, the authors emphasized the need for the true integration of feminist and multicultural approaches, a recurring and yet unrealized call for change in the literature. Third, the authors raised the importance of refocusing on the roots of counseling psychology (e.g., hygiology, individual differences, prevention, and social justice). Finally, the perceived roadblocks to positive change as well as specific advice to the next generation of feminist multicultural counseling psychologists are overviewed, as feminist multicultural counseling psychologists are called to examine the ways in which the political is personal.
The Scope of Justice, Intergroup Conflict, and Peace
Authors: Opotow Susan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe scope of justice—our psychological boundary for fairness—changes over time in ways that have relevance for intergroup conflict and peace. A shrinking scope of justice narrows the applicability of justice and can support destructive intergroup conflict and violence, while an expanding scope of justice widens the applicability of justice and supports mutual respect, constructive approaches to conflict, and the potential for peaceful intergroup relations. The chapter first discusses the scope of justice along with two related constructs, moral exclusion and moral inclusion. It then presents four brief case studies, two on moral exclusion and two on moral inclusion. It concludes by comparing these two sets of cases, discussing their implications for a theory of exclusionary and inclusionary change and the relationship of such change to intergroup conflict and peace.
Addressing Intractable Conflict Through Interactive Problem-Solving
Authors: d'Estrée Tamra Pearson 
Published: February 2013

AbstractConflict, defined as a perceived divergence of interests, goals, values or needs, can be both constructive and destructive (Curle, 1971; Deutsch, 1973; Rubin, Pruitt, & Kim, 1994). However, intractable conflicts become mires of human misery that trap parties in spirals of recrimination, dehumanization, and violence. What is needed to change this dynamic is intervention into the interaction itself, such that one can reperceive the other, reassess priorities and options, and design joint solutions. This chapter discusses interactive problem-solving as one method useful for creating both new intergroup attitudes and joint solutions. This social-psychologically informed approach is uniquely positioned to engage conflicting parties in both relational change and concrete solution building, with the added potential to impact structural injustices that anchor intractable conflicts.
Transitional Justice and Intergroup Conflict
Authors: Hamber Brandon 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter considers the impact of transitional justice mechanisms on intergroup conflict. Specifically, it discusses two of the most popular and large-scale transitional justice methods, namely, justice-based mechanisms and truth commissions. The chapter not only explores arguments about how these mechanisms can improve intergroup relations but also considers the limitations associated with each. It argues that transitional justice mechanisms can create a context where intergroup relations can be fostered, but equally they carry risks and could aggravate intergroup conflict. The chapter concludes that multiple transitional justice mechanisms are needed in societies moving out of conflict (e.g., justice-based approaches, reparations, and truth commissions), but that transitional justice processes are only part of what is needed to address intergroup conflict. Complementary processes are necessary to maximize the impact of transitional justice mechanisms on intergroup relations, and vice versa. Such processes include ensuring social justice and sustaining programs aimed at addressing intergroup conflict (e.g., dialogue, contact, reconciliation programs).
Educational Programming for Deaf Children with Multiple Disabilities: Accommodating Special Needs
Authors: Knoors Harry , Vervloed Mathijs P. J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMany deaf children have multiple disabilities. In this chapter the concept ‘“multiple disabilities’ disabilities” is explained. Subsequently etiology is discussed, followed by information about deafblindness, deafness and autism, and deafness and intellectual disabilities. Educational accommodations, including assessment, access to communication and language (including cochlear implantation), and curricula for deafblind children, are the subject of the remainder of this chapter.