bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Outcomes Among Homeless Adolescents and Young Adults Who Report a History of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Mackelprang Jessica L. , Harpin Scott B. , Grubenhoff Joseph A. , Rivara Frederick P. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives. We examined the prevalence of self-reported traumatic brain injury (TBI) among homeless young people and explored whether sociodemographic characteristics, mental health diagnoses, substance use, exposure to violence, or difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs) were associated with TBI. Methods. We analyzed data from the Wilder Homelessness Study, in which participants were recruited in 2006 and 2009 from streets, shelters, and locations in Minnesota that provide services to homeless individuals. Participants completed 30-minute interviews to collect information about history of TBI, homelessness, health status, exposure to violence (e.g., childhood abuse, assault), and other aspects of functioning. Results. Of the 2732 participating adolescents and young adults, 43% reported a history of TBI. Participants with TBI became homeless at a younger age and were more likely to report mental health diagnoses, substance use, suicidality, victimization, and difficulties with ADLs. The majority of participants (51%) reported sustaining their first injury prior to becoming homeless or at the same age of their first homeless episode (10%). Conclusions. TBI occurs frequently among homeless young people and is a marker of adverse outcomes such as mental health difficulties, suicidal behavior, substance use, and victimization.
Systematic Review of the Effect of Pictorial Warnings on Cigarette Packages in Smoking Behavior
Authors: Monárrez-Espino Joel , Liu Bojing , Greiner Felix , Bremberg Sven , Galanti Rosaria 
Published: August 2014

We used a structured approach to assess whether active smokers presented with pictorial warnings on cigarette packages (PWCP) had a higher probability of quitting, reducing, and attempting to quit smoking than did unexposed smokers.We identified 21 articles from among nearly 2500 published between 1993 and 2013, prioritizing coverage over relevance or quality because we expected to find only a few studies with behavioral outcomes. We found very large heterogeneity across studies, poor or very poor methodological quality, and generally null or conflicting findings for any explored outcome.The evidence for or against the use of PWCP is insufficient, suggesting that any effect of PWCP on behavior would be modest. Determining the single impact of PWCP on behavior requires studies with strong methodological designs and longer follow-up periods.
Assessment of radiation exposure of murine rodents at the EURT territories
Authors: Malinovsky Georgy , Yarmoshenko Ilia , Starichenko Vera , Lyubashevsky Naum 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe study provides data on contemporary levels of radiation exposure of organs and tissues of murine rodents (several species of mice and voles) inhabiting the East-Ural Radioactive Trace. The estimation procedure involves the most advanced approach based on application of appropriate voxel phantom and biokinetic model. Input data for dose assessment are the results of measurements of skeletal 90Sr activity concentration. Maximal internal dose to skeleton, accumulated during 45 days, is 303 mGy. Median internal dose rates on the last day before trapping were 0.83, 0.092 and 0.023 mGy/day for animals trapped at the sites with initial (1957) 90Sr surface contamination >37 MBq/m2, 18.5–37 MBq/m2 and 0.074–18.5 MBq/m2 respectively. Taking to account internal and external exposures, upper boundary of the ICRP Derived Consideration Reference Level (DCRL) is exceeded on the territory with maximal level of the initial 90Sr surface contamination. On the territory with 18.5–37 MBq/m2, whole body mean dose rates to murine rodents exceed the lower boundary of DCRL. On the areas with lower level of surface contamination, even the 90-th percentile of dose rate is below the DCRL.
Hydrogen peroxide induced by modulated electromagnetic radiation protects the cells from DNA damage
Authors: Gapeyev Andrew , Lukyanova Nina , Gudkov Sergey 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
It is believed that non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and low-level hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) may change nonspecific resistance and modify DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. To check this assumption, the combined effects of extremely high-frequency EMR (EHF EMR) and X-rays on induction of DNA damage in mouse whole blood leukocytes were studied. The cells were exposed to X-rays with or without preliminary treatment with EHF EMR or low-level H2O2. With the use of enhanced chemiluminescence, it was shown for the first time that pulse-modulated EHF EMR (42.2 GHz, incident power density of 0.1 mW/cm2, exposure duration of 20 min, modulation frequency of 1 Hz) induced H2O2 at a concentration of 4.6 ± 0.3 nM L−1 in physiological saline. With the use of an alkaline comet assay, it was found that the exposure of cells to the pulse-modulated EHF EMR, 25 min prior to treatment with X-rays at a dose of 4 Gy reduced the level of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. Continuous EHF EMR was inefficient. In turn, it was shown that low-level H2O2 (30–500 nM L−1) protected the cells against X-irradiation. Thus, the mechanisms of radiation protective effect of EHF EMR are connected with the induction of the adaptive response by nanomolar concentrations of reactive oxygen species formed by pulse-modulated EHF EMR.
Leucojum aestivum L. in vitro bulbs induction and acclimatization
Authors: Ptak Agata 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The effects of growth retardants (paclobutrazol and ancymidol), sucrose, GA3 (gibberellic acid) and physical state of the medium (solid and liquid — Rita® temporary immersion system) on in vitro induction of Leucojum aestivum bulbs and their acclimatization were studied. Paclobutrazol, regardless of the physical state of the medium, stimulated the formation of bulbs (99.3%). Under the influence 90 g L−1 of sucrose or paclobutrazol the bulbs with the highest fresh weight (FW) were formed (250 mg and 208.8 mg, respectively). However, the addition of ancymidol to the liquid medium led to obtaining the bulbs showing the highest number of leaves and roots (63.2% and 91.7%, respectively). The scanning microscopy study proved that plants obtained in the medium containing GA3 produced the stomata which most closely resembled to the one observed in the mother plant. Cytometric analysis of all regenerants revealed absence of changes in the nuclear DNA content. The maximum survival rate (100%) was observed for plants derived from liquid medium containing 90 g L−1 of sucrose. Somewhat fewer plants were acclimatized after their cultivations in liquid medium enriched with paclobutrazol or ancymidol. The temporary immersion system led to perform successful ex vitro adaptation of Leucojum aestivum plants.
Silver nanoparticles augment releasing of pyrogenic factors by blood cells stimulated with LPS
Authors: Jedrzejewski Tomasz , Wrotek Sylwia , Piotrowski Jakub , Kozak Wieslaw 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have cytotoxic properties via generation of reactive oxygen species which are involved in the generalized sickness behavior of the host, including fever and lethargy among others. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of AgNPs on the ability of rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to release fever mediating factors after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Body temperature and motor activity of the Wistar rats were measured by biotelemetry system. Rat PBMCs were stimulated with LPS and after that the cells were washed and incubated alone or with AgNPs. The final supernatants were injected intraperitoneally. The levels of endogenous pyrogens such as interleukin-1β (IL−1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) released from the PBMCs into the final supernatants were also estimated. The results indicated that injection of the supernatants from the cells stimulated with LPS induced fever and inhibited motor activity. These effects were potentiated by the presence of AgNPs during the final incubation. The presence of the AgNPs also resulted in significant increases in levels of endogenous pyrogens. The augmentation of fever in the rats by the AgNPs treatment of the cultures seemed to be primarily associated with the changes in interleukin-1β levels.
Current overview of colitis-associated colorectal cancer
Authors: Sobczak Marta , Wlazłowski Marcin , Zatorski Hubert , Sałaga Maciej , Fichna Jakub 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACRC) constitutes a severe complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and occurs in more than one third of IBD patients. In this short review we focus on the mechanisms underlying CACRC pathogenesis, and discuss the approaches for prevention and therapy in CACRC.
Feline patent Toxoplasma-like coccidiosis among feral cats (Felis catus) in Doha city, Qatar and its immediate surroundings
Authors: Abu-Madi Marawan , Behnke Jerzy 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDoha city has a high feral cat population and studies of hospital records in Doha have shown that human toxoplasmosis also occurs. Clearly, there is a need to understand the role of cats as vectors of human toxoplasmosis in the city and as a first step we assessed the extent of patent Toxoplasma-like coccidial infections among feral cats. Oocysts in cat faeces were detected between June 2008 and April 2010, from a range of locations radiating out of the city centre in concentric semi circular/elliptic rings and by north, west and south divisions within each of the rings. In total 4,652 cats were sampled and overall prevalence of oocysts was 9.1%. Prevalence was 10.1% in the first summer, and then dropped to 8.4% in the following winter and further to 6.8% in the next summer before rising to 10.6% in the final winter of the study; this interaction between annual period and season was significant. There were also significant changes in prevalence across each of the consecutive months of the study, but no clear pattern was evident. Prevalence did not vary significantly by city sector and there was no difference in prevalence between the host sexes. We conclude therefore, that despite minor and significant perturbations, the prevalence of patent Toxoplasma-like coccidial infections among cats in Doha is remarkably stable throughout the year, across years and spatially within the city’s districts.
Metazoan endoparasites diversity of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) as an indicator of environmental alterations on a tropical aquatic system
Authors: Ribeiro Thamy , Lizama Maria , Takemoto Ricardo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to detect the alterations of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans parasite infracommunity structure, after the construction of the Porto Primavera dam on the high Paraná River floodplain. The execution of this research was based on 119 host specimens collected between March 2011 and September 2012, and the results were compared to studies performed on periods before the reservoir’s construction, when 110 fishes were collected between March 1992 and February 1993. Five parasite species still remain on the environment, despite the environmental modifications: Choanoscolex abscissus, Spasskyelina spinulifera, Nomimoscolex pertierrae, Harriscolex kaparari and Contracaecum sp 2. The Berger-Parker dominance index, calculated to the parasite fauna of 1992, did not show the dominance of any species, while, on the present days, this same index accused the dominance of Nomimoscolex pertierrae (49%) and Choanoscolex abscissus (50%). The present study reports the disappearance of Megathylacus travassosi, Contracaecum sp. 1, Contracaecum sp. 3, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. and Cucullanus pseudoplatystomae, suggesting the possibility of a local extinction or a host switch of these species. It has also been registered an Acanthocephala specimen, a genus not observed on this host yet. The results here presented show that the antropic influences on natural systems alter the environmental conditions, what is reflected on the richness and diversity parasite levels.
Seven new species of helminths for reptiles from Armenia
Authors: Nelli Sargsyan , Felix Danielyan , Marine Arakelyan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHelminthic infections of reptiles habiting in the territory of Armenia are examined. Seven species of helminths new for reptiles from Armenia are registered: Parapharyngodon skrjabini, Oswaldocruzia goezei, Neoxysomatium sp., Telorchis assula, Nematotaenia tarentolae, Mesocestoides lineatus and Spirometra erinacei europea. Descriptions and pictures of them are given.
Repeat region of Brugia malayi sheath protein (Shp-1) carries Dominant B epitopes recognized in filarial endemic population
Authors: Jawaharlal Jeya , Madhumathi Jayaprakasam , Prince Rajaiah , Kaliraj Perumal 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTransmission of lymphatic filariasis is mediated through microfilariae (L1 stage of the parasite) which is encased in an eggshell called sheath. The sheath protein Shp-1 stabilizes the structure due to the unique repeat region with Met-Pro-Pro-Gln-Gly sequences. Microfilarial proteins could be used as transmission blocking vaccines. Since the repeat region of Shp-1 was predicted to carry putative B epitopes, this region was used to analyze its reactivity with clinical samples towards construction of peptide vaccine. In silico analysis of Shp-1 showed the presence of B epitopes in the region 49–107. The polypeptide epitopic region Shp-149–107 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Antibody reactivity of the Shp-149–107 construct was evaluated in filarial endemic population by ELISA. Putatively immune endemic normals (EN) showed significantly high reactivity (P < 0.05) when compared to all the other categories. Antibody reactivity of Shp-1 repeat region was similar to that of whole protein proving that this region carries B epitopes responsible for its humoral response in humans. Thus this can be employed for inducing anti-microfilarial immunity in the infected population that may lead to reduction in transmission intensity and also it could be used along with other epitopes from different stages of the parasite in order to manage the disease effectively.
A new brachycladiid species (Digenea) from Gervais’ beaked whale Mesoplodon europaeus in north-western Atlantic waters
Authors: Fraija-Fernández Natalia , Aznar Francisco , Raga Juan , Gibson David , Fernández Mercedes 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new species of the digenean family Brachycladiidae Odhner, 1905 is described from the bile ducts of a Gervais’ beaked whale Mesoplodon europaeus Gervais (Ziphiidae) stranded on the North Atlantic coast of Florida. These parasites were assigned to Brachycladium Looss, 1899 and differed from other species of the genus in the relative size of the oral and ventral suckers, the form and size of the eggs and their extremely small body size. A canonical discriminant analysis was used to examine differences between these specimens and the smallest available individuals of B. atlanticum (Abril, Balbuena and Raga, 1991) Gibson, 2005, considered the morphologically closest species. The overall results exhibited significant differences between the two samples and a jack-knife classification showed that 96.2% of the specimens were correctly classified to their group. In view of evidence from morphological data, the specimens from M. europaeus are considered as new to science and are designated as Brachycladium parvulum n. sp.
Metazoan parasites from herring (Clupea harengus L.) as biological indicators in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Unger Patrick , Klimpel Sven , Lang Thomas , Palm Harry 
Published: August 2014

AbstractZoographical distribution of metazoan fish parasites in herring, Clupea harengus, from the Baltic Sea was analysed in order to use them as potential biological indicators. A total of 210 herring from six different sampling sites were investigated, harbouring 12 different parasite species [five digeneans (D), one cestode (C), three nematodes (N) and three acanthocephalans (A)]. The distribution of the parasite species differed according to region, with a distinct gradient of decreasing species richness towards the east of the Baltic Sea. The western localities at Kiel Bay, Rügen and Poland had the highest parasite diversity, including the marine parasite species Anisakis simplex (s.s.) (N), Brachyphallus crenatus and Hemiurus luehei (both D). The eastern localities had low parasite species richness, predominated by the freshwater digenean Diplostomum spathaceum. We could identify three different Baltic herring stocks, the spring-spawning herring of the western Baltic reaching from the Kattegat to the German and Polish coast, the stock of the central Baltic proper and the northern stock of C. harengus var. membras of the Gulf of Finland. The limited distribution of the herring parasites within the Baltic Sea enables their use as biological indicators for migration patterns and stock separation. The acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis that has already been used as an accumulation bioindicator for heavy metals was only recorded for the western herring stocks. However, the presence of mainly generalistic parasites and their uneven distribution patterns make their use as indicators for regional environmental and global change more difficult.
Identifying phenotypes involved in susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni infection in F1B6CBA mice
Authors: Villar Luis , Vicente Belén , Blanco-Gómez Adrian , Castellanos Andrés , Pérez-Losada Jesús , Muro Antonio 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a disease with a strong genetic component influenced by socioeconomic and ecological factors. Epidemiological studies have identified several genetic regions involved in the schistosomiasis susceptibility. However, it is not well known what physiological traits are predisposing to the disease. The study of experimental infections in inbred mouse strains with variable genetic susceptibility to the disease offers a good opportunity to tackle this question. F1B6CBA hybrid between the most divergent strains was infected in order to characterize the immunophenotypes that correlate with the susceptibility of schistosomiasis disease in mice. Complete blood counts and immunophenotype were determined at 0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks post infection. Nine weeks after cercariae exposure, animals were perfused and worm recovery was assessed. A large number of hepatic lesions, a reduction in the eosinophil and basophil count in the acute phase of infection and the decreased number of monocytes, neutrophils and B-lymphocytes are phenotypes associated with increased susceptibility to S. mansoni infection.
A new species of Rhinonastes (Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae), nasal parasite of Prochilodus argenteus (Actinopterygii, Characiformes) from Brazil
Authors: Monteiro Cassandra , Brasil-Sato Marilia 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new species of Rhinonastes, hitherto monotypic, is described and illustrated from the nasal cavity of ‘curimat’, Prochilodus argenteus from São Francisco River, Brazil. Rhinonastes curimatae n. sp. presents a male copulatory organ with more than five rings while the type species of the genus is characterized by male copulatory organ with less than two rings. This is the first record of a nasal parasite in P. argenteus.
Representation of Indigenous Nationalities and Minorities in Bank and Financial Institutions: A Study of Pokhara
Authors: Gurung Jas Bahadur 
Published: August 2014

This study is carried out to explore the inclusive representation of Indigenous Nationalities and Minorities working in Bank and Financial Institutions (BFIs) in Pokhara. Both descriptive and explorative research design has been used in this study. Primary data have been collected constructing a set of well-structured questionnaire and used in this study. Representation of Indigenous Nationalities is poor i.e. only 32.59 percent in the total employment of BFIs. Madheshi represents only 0.62 percent and Dalits 1.62 percent in the total employment. There is no representation at all from Muslim community in BFIs in Pokhara. The representation of male employee is higher than that of female employees in BFIs even within the said ethnic groups. The level of job they employed is mostly lower levels i.e. assistants and other support staffs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10688 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 51-63
Assessing Current Situation of Domestic Violence against Women: A Study in Hasandaha, Morang
Authors: Pandey Krishna P , Shrestha Gyanendra 
Published: August 2014

Nepal like many other countries represents a multicultural characteristics having patriarchal social structure. Recognizing the need to effectively reduce the incidences of violence against women, Nepal ratified the CEDAW in 1991. But the incidences of DVAW have been repeatedly reported and the challenge to the human rights of the Nepalese women has been added. The heterogeneity of Nepalese society and social interaction among the different caste/ethnic groups make the issue of DVAW more complicated that eventually requires sociological study. The people of Hasandaha, Morang, represent the caste/ethnic heterogeneity and could be the representation of Nepalese villages. The women of that village are also suffering from multiple forms of violence against them. Physical assault, sexual abuse to psychological torture is among the forms of violence that they aspire to escape from. Rigid caste norms and patriarchal values constrict the freedom of movement among the women of Hasandaha village. These women express that the government, NGOs and civil society should have decisive roles with regard to the elimination of domestic violence against women. For this, effective mobilization of local communities, awareness generation among them and changes in the state’s attitude towards DVAW only as of private concern are key to reduce the incidences of DVAW in Hasandaha village of Morang district, Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10689 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 64-85
A Cultural Anthropology of Head Porterage: Fresh Insights into Unique Markets
Authors: Akanle Olayinka , Chioma Chukwu 
Published: August 2014

In this article, we examined the repertoire of existences, processes and practises as well as mechanisms of open market place trading that is a definitive character of trading and associated dealings in many Sub-Saharan Africa countries which is as a result of the nature and structure of social and economic organizations cum cultural relational infrastructures of these Sub-Saharan societies. One stop shops and shopping malls that commonly punctuate American and European societies are rare necessitating special, unique and innovative ways of transporting goods and services across locations. It is within this socio-cultural, relational and economic infrastructural milieu that head porterage (Alabaru) subsists. Unfortunately, not many works exist in the areas of Anthropology and Cultural Studies on head porterage (Alabaru) which has assumed important character in the existences of most Sub-Saharan African markets with implications for global markets and world distribution/supply chains. This article therefore deployed robust Anthropological and qualitative methodology to examine the critical contours of the problematic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10716 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 166-186