bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-National Strategic Aeromedical Evacuation at the European Air Transport Command
Authors: Fiorini Alessandro , Vermeltfoort Ralph , Dulaurent Erwan , Hove Martin Gascón , Borsch Mathias 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: The European Air Transport Command (EATC) is a seven-nation integrated command. One of its core capabilities is strategic aeromedical evacuation (AE). During the global COVID-19 pandemic and Ukrainian crisis, EATC proved that acting in concert is a valuable, effective, and reliable option.
METHODS: By pooling and sharing aircraft and personnel, EATC has privileged access to a diverse fleet and pool of experts. Cooperation is based on a common set of rules and regulations, which ensures that EATC can address any problem with expertise.
RESULTS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, 1060 COVID-19-positive patients were transported in 198 missions, with neither death nor disease transmission reported during those strategic AE flights. EATC transferred 986 military cases, mostly routine priority (91.4%); the other 74 cases were civilians, who were transported in 17 missions, with 81.1% categorized as urgent. During the Ukrainian crisis, 251 patients were transported, 112 military and 139 civilians, including 30 children. Among the recorded injuries were cerebrocranial, abdominal, and chest injuries, as well as fractures (180) and amputations (48) of the extremities.
DISCUSSION: EATC is recognized as a center of expertise within the AE community, where interoperability and harmonization of concepts are key to safety and success. Cross-national missions, where a patient is evacuated by an aircraft and medical crew provided by another nation, offer maximum flexibility. Complex situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukrainian crisis, have shown that multinational cooperation is not only achievable but also provides robust, effective, and reliable solutions for AE in particular.
Fiorini A, Vermeltfoort R, Dulaurent E, Hove MG, Borsch M. Cross-national strategic aeromedical evacuation at the European Air Transport Command. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(9):709–715.
Maternal and Fetal Health Risks Among Female Military Aviation Officers
Authors: Stark Christopher M. , Sorensen Ian S. , Royall Matthew , Dorr Madeline , Brown Jill , Dobson Nicole , Salzman Sandra , Susi Apryl , Hisle-Gorman Elizabeth , Huggins Brian H. , Nylund Cade M. 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: Military aviation poses unique occupational risks, including exposures to intermittent hypoxia, high gravitational force, and toxic materials, in addition to circadian disruption, cosmic radiation, and ergonomic stressors also present in commercial flight. We sought to investigate whether a military aviation officer’s career is associated with adverse maternal or fetal health outcomes.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of female aviation and nonaviation officers in the Military Health System from October 2002 to December 2019. Exposure was identified as assignment of an aviation occupation code. Maternal and fetal health outcomes were identified by International Classification of Diseases codes from medical records. Regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted relative risks (aRR).
RESULTS: Included in the study were 25,929 active-duty female officers, with 46,323 recorded pregnancies and 32,853 recorded deliveries; 2131 pregnancies were diagnosed in aviation officers. Pregnant aviation officers had a decreased risk of composite adverse pregnancy outcomes [aRR 0.82 (0.73–0.92)], including gestational diabetes [aRR 0.69 (0.57–0.85)] and gestational hypertension [aRR 0.84 (0.71–0.99)]. Pregnant aviation officers had a decreased risk of depression prior to delivery [aRR 0.43 (0.35–0.53)] and hyperemesis gravidarum [aRR 0.74 (0.57–0.96)], but an increased risk of placental complications [aRR 1.15 (1.02–1.30)] and fetal growth restriction [aRR 1.36 (1.16–1.60)].
DISCUSSION: Pregnant military aviation officers have an increased risk of placental complications and fetal growth restriction in spite of a lower risk of gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension. Further research is needed to determine how flight-related occupations impact pregnancy.
Stark CM, Sorensen IS, Royall M, Dorr M, Brown J, Dobson N, Salzman S, Susi A, Hisle-Gorman E, Huggins BH, Nylund CM. Maternal and fetal health risks among female military aviation officers. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(9):675–682.
Upper- vs. Whole-Body Cooling During Exercise with Thermal Protective Clothing in the Heat
Authors: Mansouri Fatemeh , Nia Morteza Talebian , Villar Rodrigo , Cornish Stephen M. , Giesbrecht Gordon Grant 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: Firefighters operating in hot environments face challenges from protective garments that restrict heat dissipation, resulting in increased core temperature, thermal discomfort, and performance decline. Cooling vests represent a viable solution. The study aim was to compare effectiveness of the same amount of cooling power to the upper body (UB) or whole body (WB) in alleviating thermoregulatory and physiological stress, enhancing cognitive function, and reducing ratings of thermal discomfort and exertion, during 60 min of exercise in a hot environment (40°C, 40% relative humidity) while wearing firefighter turnout gear.
METHODS: Eight healthy individuals (27.5 ± 3 y) participated in three conditions with either no cooling (Control) or active cooling with a liquid perfused shirt (UB cooling), or with a liquid perfused shirt and pants (WB cooling). In each trial, subjects performed three sets of 15 min of stepping (20 steps ⋅ min−1) and 5 min of rest.
RESULTS: Both cooling strategies were beneficial compared to having no cooling at all. Subjects could only complete two exercise bouts during Control, but they completed all three bouts with active cooling. WB cooling provided an advantage over UB cooling for core and skin temperature, and thermal comfort and sensation. The advantage in minimizing the increase in core temperature was only evident during the third exercise bout.
DISCUSSION: Active cooling is advantageous under these conditions. WB cooling provided some benefits vs UB cooling during heavy intensity exercise; however, it is uncertain whether these benefits would be observed during light-to-moderate exercise, which more likely reflects an actual firefighting scenario.
Mansouri F, Talebian Nia M, Villar R, Cornish SM, Giesbrecht GG. Upper- vs. whole-body cooling during exercise with thermal protective clothing in the heat. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(9):659–666.
Human Evolution, Microgravity, and Challenges Colonizing Mars
Authors: Mermel Leonard 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: Human colonization of Mars has captured the imagination of many. However, the challenges posed are immense. In microgravity, changes in human physiology, immune dysregulation, alterations of our microbiome, and enhanced virulence of various microbes are some of the barriers that stand in the way of a successful endeavor. Countermeasures can be brought to bear, but it remains unclear if success of such a mission in the foreseeable future is realistic or fanciful.
Mermel L. Human evolution, microgravity, and challenges colonizing Mars. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(9):720–721.
Unveiling the state of the art: a systematic review and meta-analysis of paper-based microfluidic devices
Authors: García-Azuma Rodrigo , Werner Karen , Revilla-Monsalve Cristina , Trinidad Oscar , Altamirano-Bustamante Nelly F. , Altamirano-Bustamante Myriam M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThis systematic review and meta-analysis present a comprehensive evaluation of paper-based microfluidic devices, focusing on their applications in immunoassays. These devices are emerging as innovative solutions to democratize access to diagnostic technologies, especially in resource-limited settings. Our review consolidates findings from diverse studies to outline advancements in paper-based microfluidic technology, including design intricacies and operational efficacy. Key advantages such as low cost, portability, and ease of use are highlighted.Materials and MethodsThe review categorizes literature based on the design and operational nuances of these diagnostic tools, exploring various methodologies, fabrication techniques, detection methods, and applications, particularly in protein science. The meta-analysis extends to the diverse applications of these technologies, providing a framework for classifying and stratifying their uses in diagnostics.Results and discussionNotable findings include a critical analysis of performance metrics, such as sensitivity and specificity. The review addresses challenges, including the need for further validation and optimization for broader clinical applications. A critical discussion on the validation processes, including cross-validation and rigorous control testing, is provided to ensure the robustness of microfluidic devices. This study offers novel insights into the computational strategies underpinning these technologies and serves as a comprehensive roadmap for future research, potentially broadening the impact across the protein science universe.
A preliminary examination of gut microbiota and emotion regulation in 2- to 6-year-old children
Authors: Faulkner Paul , Costabile Adele , Imakulata Florencia , Pandey Neeraj , Hepsomali Piril 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundIt is well known that having maladaptive emotion regulation skills during childhood may predict mental health issues later in life, therefore, establishing links with gut microbiome could help develop gut-derived interventions directed at improving maladaptive emotion regulation skills during this critical developmental period. While differences in gut microbiome diversity and composition have been associated with several mental health problems in adults and in infants, the current study is the first one to examine whether the gut microbiome diversity and composition are related to emotional regulation abilities during early childhood.MethodIn the current cross-sectional study, mothers of seventy-three children aged 2–6 years completed several questionnaires assessing their child's and their own emotion regulation skills and mental health, provided a stool sample from their child (via at-home gut microbiome testing kits), and reported on their child's dietary intake.ResultsResults revealed that compared to children in the low maladaptive emotion regulation group, alpha diversity, relative abundance of butyrate-producing genera (Butyricicoccus and Odoribacter), and vitamin synthesis scores (Vitamins B2, B3, B6, and B9) were significantly lower in the high maladaptive emotion regulation group.DiscussionThese findings suggest that maladaptive emotion regulation skills link to gut microbiome alterations in early childhood, a crucial time of both brain and gut-immune development, hence, may open the way to the development of early novel (dietary or pre/probiotic) interventions.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Niu Yue , Li Jing , Qian Hongwei , Liang Chunli , Shi Xinyi , Bu Shurui 
Published: August 2024

AimThis study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 supplementation in enhancing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication rate and alleviating the gastrointestinal side effects associated with bismuth quadruple therapy.MethodsH. pylori-positive patients were randomized to receive levofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy combined either probiotic LRa05 or a placebo for two weeks, followed by LRa05 (1 × 1010 CFU) or maltodextrin for the next two weeks. H. pylori infection was detected by 13C breath test pre- and post-treatment. Blood and stool samples were collected at week 0 and week 4 for routine and biochemical analysis, and serum inflammatory markers. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated using the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS). Intestinal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. The research was listed under the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300072220), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.ResultsThe LRa05 group exhibited a trend toward higher H. pylori eradication rates (86.11%) compared to the placebo group (82.86%), though the difference was not statistically significant. Significant reductions in neutrophil count, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, pepsinogen I, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (p &lt; 0.05) suggest that LRa05 supplementation may mitigate inflammation, enhance liver function, and potential aid in early cancer prevention. GSRS symptom scores showed that LRa05 alleviated abdominal pain, acid reflux, bloating, and diarrhea, enhancing patient compliance. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that LRa05 countered the antibiotic-induced disruption of gut microbiota diversity, primarily by increasing beneficial bacteria.ConclusionAlthough LRa05 did not significantly improve the success rate of H. pylori eradication therapy, it has the potential to improve liver function and reduced levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α in the body, regulating the inflammatory response. In addition, it played a positive role in alleviating the adverse symptoms and gut microbiota disturbances caused by eradication therapy, providing a possible way to improve the overall health of patients and demonstrating promising clinical potential.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300072220.
Effect of by-product fusel oil-diesel blends fuel on emissions of single-cylinder CI engine
Authors: Awad Omar Ibraheem , Kamil Mohammed , Abed Adnan Ajam , Jamal Omar , Mohammed Omar Khalaf , Mohammed M. N. , Alobaid Ahmed , Suwaed Mahmood Sh. , Yusri I. M. , Hasan Mohammed M. 
Published: August 2024

Alcohol-based fuels have gained more interest due to their production process and availability and environmental point of view so based alcohol-based fuel like fusel oil has been studied as an alternative fuel for compression ignition engine engines. The objective of this experimental study was to investigate the performance of a compression ignition engine based on a performance and emissions of cylinder single-cylinder diesel engine. To maintain the original fuel system of the engine, a fixed blending ratio of 20% v/v was used. The research findings indicated a decrease in nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions when using fusel oil–diesel (F20) compared to diesel. Still, higher fuel consumption was observed due to the lower energy content of fusel oil. However, F20 led to increased carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and hydrocarbons (HC) compared to diesel. The most significant reduction in NOx emissions by up to 20% occurred at an engine speed of 1,500 rpm and an engine load of 75%, possibly attributed to the higher water content in fusel oil. It is crucial to evaluate the trade-offs between these parameters carefully. Insight into these trade-offs may facilitate the optimization of fusel oil use as a prospective fuel alternative for internal combustion engines.
Three feminizing Wolbachia strains in a single host species: comparative genomics paves the way for identifying sex reversal factors
Authors: Grève Pierre , Moumen Bouziane , Bouchon Didier 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionEndosymbiotic bacteria in the genus Wolbachia have evolved numerous strategies for manipulating host reproduction in order to promote their own transmission. This includes the feminization of males into functional females, a well-studied phenotype in the isopod Armadillidium vulgare. Despite an early description of this phenotype in isopods and the development of an evolutionary model of host sex determination in the presence of Wolbachia, the underlying genetic mechanisms remain elusive.MethodsHere we present the first complete genomes of the three feminizing Wolbachia (wVulC, wVulP, and wVulM) known to date in A. vulgare. These genomes, belonging to Wolbachia B supergroup, contain a large number of mobile elements such as WO prophages with eukaryotic association modules. Taking advantage of these data and those of another Wolbachia-derived feminizing factor integrated into the host genome (f element), we used a comparative genomics approach to identify putative feminizing factors.ResultsThis strategy has enabled us to identify three prophage-associated genes secreted by the Type IV Secretion System: one ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein, one helix-turn-helix transcriptional regulator and one hypothetical protein. In addition, a latrotoxin-related protein, associated with phage relic genes, was shared by all three genomes and the f element.ConclusionThese putative feminization-inducing proteins shared canonical interaction features with eukaryotic proteins. These results pave the way for further research into the underlying functional interactions.
A report card assessment of the prevalence of healthy eating among preschool-aged children: a cross-cultural study across Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the US
Authors: Wan Alison Wing Lam , Chung Kevin Kien Hoa , Li Jian-Bin , Xu Shebe Siwei , Chan Derwin King Chung 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to initially adopt an International Healthy Eating Report Card for Preschool-Aged Children to assess the prevalence of healthy eating behaviours and favourable family home food environments (FHFEs) among preschool-aged children in Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the US. We also examined which cultural contexts would exhibit significant differences in the report card scores among the four cultural contexts.MethodsIn this cross-cultural study, 2059 parent–child dyads, with approximately 500 dyads in each cultural context, were recruited. The parents were asked to complete the validated International Healthy Eating Report Card Scale to assess the dimensions of the Report Card [i.e., Indicator of Children’s Eating Behaviours: (1) Children’s Dietary Patterns and (2) Children’s Mealtime Behaviours, and Indicator of FHFEs: (3) Parental Food Choices and Preparation, (4) Home Healthier Food Availability and Accessibility and (5) Family Mealtime Environments]. Each indicator received a letter grade [i.e., A (≥80%) = excellent, B (60–79%) = good, C (40–59%) = fair, D (20–39%) = poor, F (&lt;20%) = very poor and including the plus (+) and minus (−) signs] to represent the proportion of participants who could meet the predefined benchmarks. We also employed ANCOVA and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test to examine the differences in the report card scores between the four cultural contexts. A significance level was set at p &lt; 0.05.ResultsThe average overall report card grade across the four cultural contexts was “B−” (Good), ranging from “C+” (Singapore and the US) to “B−” (Australia and Hong Kong). The average grade for Children’s Eating Behaviours was classified as Fair (“C−”), while the average grade for FHFEs was classified as Good (“B+”) for all cultural contexts. A comparison of the overall report card scores revealed that Australia exhibited a significantly higher report card score than Singapore and the US, while Hong Kong achieved a significantly higher score than Singapore.ConclusionThe International Healthy Eating Report Card provided an overview of the prevalence of healthy eating in different cultural contexts. We believe that the International Healthy Eating Report Card may offer new perspectives on interventions for fostering healthy eating in young children.
Impact of inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system on early cardiac and renal abnormalities in Sprague Dawley rats fed short-term high fructose plus high salt diet
Authors: Siddiqui Sharif Hasan , Pitpitan Rebekah , Boychev Boycho , Komnenov Dragana , Rossi Noreen F. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe combination of a high fructose and high salt diet typical of western diet induces high blood pressure, aortic stiffening, left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and impaired renal function in rodents. Despite an activated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in rats fed high fructose and high salt, acute inhibition of the RAS pathway does not improve cardiac and vascular parameters. It may well be that longer term treatment is required to permit remodeling and improve cardiovascular function. Thus, we hypothesized that chronic RAS inhibition fructose+high salt-fed rats to restore blood pressure (BP) to levels similar to glucose plus normal salt-fed controls will improve cardiorenal function and histopathology.MethodsMale and female Sprague Dawley rats monitored by hemodynamic telemetry were fed 0.4% NaCl chow during baseline, then changed to chow containing either 20% glucose+0.4% NaCl (G) or 20% fructose+4% NaCl (F) and treated with vehicle, enalapril (Enal, 4 mg/kg/d) or losartan (Los, 8 mg/kg/d) by osmotic minipump for 25–26 days.ResultsBP was elevated in the fructose+high salt groups of both sexes (P &lt; 0.05) and restored to control levels by Enal or Los. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was lower in female F+Los rats and cardiac output higher in female F+Enal rats. GFR was not changed by diet or treatment. Fructose+high salt groups of both sexes displayed higher albuminuria that was decreased by Enal in male rats. Cardiac fibrosis and mesangial hypercellularity were greater in fructose+high salt-fed rats of both sexes and improved with either Los or Enal.DiscussionThus, inhibition of the RAS improves early changes in cardiac and renal histopathology in both sexes and albuminuria in male rats fed high fructose and high salt diet. Functional improvements in cardiorenal parameters may require longer treatment.