bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Antecedents of U.S. Nonmarital Fatherhood
Authors: Carlson Marcia J. , VanOrman Alicia G. , Pilkauskas Natasha V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDespite the dramatic rise in U.S. nonmarital childbearing in recent decades, limited attention has been paid to factors affecting nonmarital fatherhood (beyond studies of young fathers). In this article, we use data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort to examine the antecedents of nonmarital fatherhood, as compared to marital fatherhood. Overall, we find the strongest support across both data sets for education and race/ethnicity as key predictors of having a nonmarital first birth, consistent with prior literature about women’s nonmarital childbearing and about men’s early/teenage fatherhood. Education is inversely related to the risk of nonmarital fatherhood, and minority (especially black) men are much more likely to have a child outside of marriage than white men. We find little evidence that employment predicts nonmarital fertility, although it does strongly (and positively) predict marital fertility. High predicted earnings are also associated with a greater likelihood of marital childbearing but with a lower likelihood of nonmarital childbearing. Given the socioeconomic disadvantage associated with nonmarital fatherhood, this research suggests that nonmarital fatherhood may be an important aspect of growing U.S. inequality and stratification both within and across generations.
Florida Department of Health Workers’ Response to 2004 Hurricanes: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Herberman Mash Holly B. , Fullerton Carol S. , Kowalski-Trakofler Kathleen , Reissman Dori B. , Scharf Ted , Shultz James M. , Ursano Robert J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveExaminations of the demands on public health workers after disaster exposure have been limited. Workers provide emergency care while simultaneously risking injury, damage to personal property, and threats to their own and their family's safety. We examined the disaster management experiences of 4323 Florida Department of Health workers 9 months after their response to 4 hurricanes and 1 tropical storm during a 7-week period in August and September of 2004.MethodsParticipants completed a self-report questionnaire focused on work performance, mental and physical health, daily functioning, sleep disturbance, physiological arousal, and injury and work demand at the time of the hurricanes, and answered open-ended questions that described their experiences in more detail.ResultsA qualitative analysis conducted from the write-in data yielded 4 domains: (1) work/life balance; (2) training for disaster response role; (3) workplace support; and (4) recovery.ConclusionsStudy findings highlighted a number of concerns that are important to public health workers who provide emergency care after a disaster and, in particular, multiple disasters such as during the 2004 hurricane season. The findings also yielded important recommendations for emergency public health preparedness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–7)
Trauma Signature Analysis of the Great East Japan Disaster: Guidance for Psychological Consequences
Authors: Shultz James M. , Forbes David , Wald David , Kelly Fiona , Solo-Gabriele Helena M. , Rosen Alexa , Espinel Zelde , McLean Andrew , Bernal Oscar , Neria Yuval 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesOn March 11, 2011, Japan experienced the largest earthquake in its history. The undersea earthquake launched a tsunami that inundated much of Japan's eastern coastline and damaged nuclear power plants, precipitating multiple reactor meltdowns. We examined open-source disaster situation reports, news accounts, and disaster-monitoring websites to gather event-specific data to conduct a trauma signature analysis of the event.MethodsThe trauma signature analysis included a review of disaster situation reports; the construction of a hazard profile for the earthquake, tsunami, and radiation threats; enumeration of disaster stressors by disaster phase; identification of salient evidence-based psychological risk factors; summation of the trauma signature based on exposure to hazards, loss, and change; and review of the mental health and psychosocial support responses in relation to the analysis.ResultsExposure to this triple-hazard event resulted in extensive damage, significant loss of life, and massive population displacement. Many citizens were exposed to multiple hazards. The extremity of these exposures was partially mitigated by Japan's timely, expert-coordinated, and unified activation of an evidence-based mental health response.ConclusionsThe eastern Japan disaster was notable for its unique constellation of compounding exposures. Examination of the trauma signature of this event provided insights and guidance regarding optimal mental health and psychosocial responses. Japan orchestrated a model response that reinforced community resilience. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1-14)
Exploring National Surveillance for Health-Related Workplace Absenteeism: Lessons Learned From the 2009 Influenza A Pandemic
Authors: Groenewold Matthew R. , Konicki Doris L. , Luckhaupt Sara E. , Gomaa Ahmed , Koonin Lisa M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundDuring the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention did a pilot study to test the feasibility of using national surveillance of workplace absenteeism to assess the pandemic's impact on the workplace to plan for preparedness and continuity of operations and to contribute to health awareness during the emergency response.MethodsPopulation-based and sentinel worksite approaches were used. Monthly measures of the 1-week prevalence of health-related absenteeism among full-time workers were estimated using nationally representative data from the Current Population Survey. Enhanced passive surveillance of absenteeism was conducted using weekly data from a convenience sample of sentinel worksites.ResultsNationally, the pandemic's impact on workplace absenteeism was small. Estimates of 1-week absenteeism prevalence did not exceed 3.7%. However, peak workplace absenteeism was correlated with the highest occurrence of both influenza-like illness and influenza-positive laboratory tests.ConclusionsSystems for monitoring workplace absenteeism should be included in pandemic preparedness planning. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–7)
The Attack Rate of H1N1 in Various Berthing Configurations On Board an Aircraft Carrier
Authors: Harwood Jared L. , LaVan Joseph T. , Brand George J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveWe compared attack rates for novel H1N1 influenza A (H1N1) among various groups aboard an aircraft carrier as influenced by characteristics of their living arrangements.MethodsDuring an outbreak of H1N1 on board the USS George Washington (GW), group affiliation (department or squadron membership) data were obtained on all patients who were placed in respiratory isolation based on their diagnosis with presumptive H1N1. Because berthing spaces are assigned by department and various characteristics of each department's berthing spaces are known, analysis of attack rates in comparison to these characteristics was possible. Attack rates were compared with the square feet of living space per sailor, occupancy rate of the berthing areas, and size of the berthing areas. These results were further correlated with the mission of the various departments or squadrons.ResultsThe average attack rate was 3%, with the highest rates occurring in departments or squadrons whose mission required ongoing contact with civilian populations ashore. The attack rate among officers was 2.04 versus 3.19 among enlisted personnel; this difference was not significant (P = .21). The attack rate for women was 1.90 versus 3.09 for men, which was significant (P = .05). Although attack rates varied considerably based on organizational mission, no correlation was found between attack rate and square feet of living space per person or occupancy rate or size of berthing spaces.ConclusionsThe attack rate of the outbreak overall was limited to 3%. Smaller and more crowded berthing configurations did not contribute to higher attack rates, suggesting that transmission occurs most frequently elsewhere while engaged in other activities such as working, eating, or relaxing. Further studies are necessary to filter out potential correlations or variables not identified in this study, such as the difference between the number of men and women isolated. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;0:1-5)
Efficacy of physical therapy for intractable cupulolithiasis in an experimental model
Authors: Otsuka K , Suzuki M , Negishi M , Shimizu S , Inagaki T , Konomi U , Kondo T , Ogawa Y 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:To investigate what kinds of stimuli are effective in detaching otoconia from the cupula in three experimental models of cupulolithiasis.Methods:Three experimental models of cupulolithiasis were prepared using bullfrog labyrinths. Three kinds of stimuli were applied to the experimental models. In experiment one (gravity), the labyrinth preparation was placed so that the cupula-to-crista axis was in the horizontal plane with the canal side in the downward position. In experiment two (sinusoidal oscillation), the labyrinth preparation was placed 3 cm from the rotational centre of a turntable, which was sinusoidally rotated with a rotational cycle of 1 Hz and a rotational angle of 30°. In experiment three (vibration), mechanical vibration was applied to the surface of the bony capsule around the labyrinth using a surgical drill.Results:In experiments one, two and three, the otoconial mass was respectively detached in 2 out of 10 labyrinth preparations, none of the labyrinth preparations, and all of the labyrinth preparations.Conclusion:Vibration was the most effective stimulus for detaching the otoconia from the cupula in these experimental models of cupulolithiasis.
An agent-based model of exposure to human toxocariasis: a multi-country validation
Authors: KANOBANA K. , DEVLEESSCHAUWER B. , POLMAN K. , SPEYBROECK N. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYSeroprevalence data illustrate that human exposure toToxocarais frequent. Environmental contamination withToxocaraspp. eggs is assumed to be the best indicator of human exposure, but increased risk of exposure has also been associated with many other factors. Reported associations are inconsistent, however, and there is still ambiguity regarding the factors driving the onset ofToxocaraantibody positivity. The objective of this work was to assess the validity of our current conceptual understanding of the key processes driving human exposure toToxocara. We constructed an agent-based model predictingToxocaraantibody positivity (as a measure of exposure) in children. Exposure was assumed to depend on the joint probability of 3 parameters: (1) environmental contamination withToxocaraspp. eggs, (2) larvation of these eggs and (3) the age-related contact with these eggs. This joint probability was linked to processes of acquired humoral immunity, influencing the rate of antibody seroreversion. The results of the simulation were validated against published data from 5 different geographical settings. Using simple rules and a stochastic approach with parameter estimates derived from the respective contexts, plausible serological patterns emerged from the model in nearly all settings. Our approach leads to novel insights in the transmission dynamics ofToxocara.
RIBI, 2334*: An Alleged Inscription from Chichester Reconsidered
Authors: Magilton John 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRIBI, 2334*purports to be a dedication by Sallustius Lucullus, governor of Britain in the first centurya.d.This paper considers arguments for and against its authenticity, coming to the conclusion that is in fact a forgery. The author also argues against Russell's contention thatRIBI, 2334*and I, 90 taken together suggest that Lucullus was the son of Amminus and grandson of Cunobelinus.
Biomimetic-based output feedback for attitude stabilization of a flapping-wing micro aerial vehicle
Authors: Rifaï H. , Guerrero-Castellanos J.-F. , Marchand N. , Poulin-Vittrant G. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThe paper deals with the development of a bounded control law for Flapping-wing Micro Aerial Vehicles that mimics a strategy adopted by animal flapping flyers to stabilize their orientation. The control consists on generating torques about the body's principal axes by means of a modulation of the wing angle amplitudes. It is known that flapping flyers orient their body without any numerical computation or estimation of their current attitude. Therefore, the proposed control law is computed using the direct measurements of onboard sensors mimicking animal sensitive organs, more specifically the halteres, legs sensilla, and magnetic sense. The technological equivalents of these biological sensors are three rate gyros, a tri-axis accelerometer, and a tri-axis magnetometer, respectively. Besides, the control signal is bounded to keep the wing angle amplitudes below the maximal values. Owing to its simplicity, this control law is suitable for applications where onboard computational resources are limited. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved based on Lyapunov analysis and averaging theory. The effectiveness of the proposed control law is shown in simulations. The robustness with respect to external disturbances is also shown emphasizing the importance and need of the bounded control.
Modelling the impact of vaccination on tuberculosis in badgers
Authors: HARDSTAFF J. L. , BULLING M. T. , MARION G. , HUTCHINGS M. R. , WHITE P. C. L. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYTuberculosis (TB) in livestock, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, persists in many countries. In the UK and Ireland, efforts to control TB through culling of badgers (Meles meles), the principal wildlife host, have failed and there is significant interest in vaccination of badgers as an alternative or complementary strategy. Using a simulation model, we show that where TB is self-contained within the badger population and there are no external sources of infection, limited-duration vaccination at a high level of efficacy can reduce or even eradicate TB from the badger population. However, where sources of external infection persist, benefits in TB reduction in badgers can only be achieved by ongoing, annual vaccination. Vaccination is likely to be most effective as part of an integrated disease management strategy incorporating a number of different approaches across the entire host community.
22q11.2 deletion syndrome as a risk factor for aortic root dilation in tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: John Anitha S. , Rychik Jack , Khan Munziba , Yang Wei , Goldmuntz Elizabeth 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground: Aortic root dilation has been observed in some patients with tetralogy of Fallot. This study examines whether 22q11.2 deletion is a risk factor for aortic root dilation in tetralogy of Fallot. Methods: Patients with tetralogy of Fallot, in the age group of 6–18 years, with defined deletion status and echocardiograms (2003–2009) were identified from research databases. The diameter at the aortic annulus, sinus, and sinotubular junction was measured and analysed as Z-scores. Variables were examined in univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: Of 171 patients, 66% were male, 16% had 22q11.2 deletion, 40% had an aortic arch anomaly, and 11% had both a 22q11.2 deletion and aortic arch anomaly. Echocardiograms were performed at a mean age of 12 + 3 years. More patients with 22q11.2 deletion had Z-scores >3 at the sinus diameter (45% versus 35%, p = 0.02). In the multivariate analysis, the combination of 22q11.2 deletion and aortic arch anomalies was associated with both aortic annular dilation (p = 0.006) and aortic sinus dilation (p = 0.05). In the subset with pulmonary valve atresia, similar findings were observed at the aortic annulus (Z-score of 4.6 versus 2.2, p = 0.05) and the sinuses (Z-score of 4.4 versus 2.7, p = 0.06). Male sex (p < 0.03) and pulmonary atresia (p < 0.006) were additional risk factors for dilation at the annulus and sinuses. Conclusions: Children with tetralogy of Fallot with 22q11.2 deletion and aortic arch anomalies have increased aortic annular and aortic sinus dilation. Further longitudinal study is needed to assess whether both features are associated with progressive aortic root dilation.
Transboundary pollution in China: a study of polluting firms' location choices in Hebei province
Authors: Duvivier Chloé , Xiong Hang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTransboundary pollution is a particularly serious problem as it leads people located at regional borders to disproportionately suffer from pollution. In China, where the environmental policy is decentralized and where environmental conflicts between provinces have occurred several times, transboundary pollution is likely to exist. However, until now, nearly all the studies have focused on developed countries. In this paper we study whether transboundary pollution problems exist in China. To do so, we estimate whether, within Hebei province, polluting firms are more likely to set up in border counties than in interior ones. The estimations of a count-data model allow us to conclude that border counties are more attractive destinations for polluting firms than counties located within the province. Moreover, it appears that this effect has strengthened over time.
Characterizing the food environment: pitfalls and future directions
Authors: Vernez Moudon Anne , Drewnowski Adam , Duncan Glen E , Hurvitz Philip M , Saelens Brian E , Scharnhorst Eric 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess a county population's exposure to different types of food sources reported to affect both diet quality and obesity rates.DesignFood permit records obtained from the local health department served to establish the full census of food stores and restaurants. Employing prior categorization schemes which classified the relative healthfulness of food sources based on establishment type (i.e. supermarketsv.convenience stores, or full-servicev.fast-food restaurants), food establishments were assigned to the healthy, unhealthy or undetermined groups.SettingKing County, WA, USA.SubjectsFull census of food sources.ResultsAccording to all categorization schemes, most food establishments in King County fell into the unhealthy and undetermined groups. Use of the food permit data showed that large stores, which included supermarkets as healthy food establishments, contained a sizeable number of bakery/delis, fish/meat, ethnic and standard quick-service restaurants and coffee shops, all food sources that, when housed in a separate venue or owned by a different business establishment, were classified as either unhealthy or of undetermined value to health.ConclusionsTo fully assess the potential health effects of exposure to the extant food environment, future research would need to establish the health value of foods in many such common establishments as individually owned grocery stores and ethnic food stores and restaurants. Within-venue exposure to foods should also be investigated.
Selenium Segregation in Femtosecond-Laser Hyperdoped Silicon Revealed by Electron Tomography
Authors: Haberfehlner Georg , Smith Matthew J. , Idrobo Juan-Carlos , Auvert Geoffroy , Sher Meng-Ju , Winkler Mark T. , Mazur Eric , Gambacorti Narciso , Gradečak Silvija , Bleuet Pierre 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDoping of silicon with chalcogens (S, Se, Te) by femtosecond laser irradiation to concentrations well above the solubility limit leads to near-unity optical absorptance in the visible and infrared (IR) range and is a promising route toward silicon-based IR optoelectronics. However, open questions remain about the nature of the IR absorptance and in particular about the impact of the dopant distribution and possible role of dopant diffusion. Here we use electron tomography using a high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) detector in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to extract information about the three-dimensional distribution of selenium dopants in silicon and correlate these findings with the optical properties of selenium-doped silicon. We quantify the tomography results to extract information about the size distribution and density of selenium precipitates. Our results show correlation between nanoscale distribution of dopants and the observed sub-band gap optical absorptance and demonstrate the feasibility of HAADF-STEM tomography for the investigation of dopant distribution in highly-doped semiconductors.
An Analytical Technique to Extract Surface Information of Negatively Stained or Heavy-Metal Shadowed Organic Materials within the TEM
Authors: Matsko Nadejda B. , Letofsky-Papst Ilse , Albu Mihaela , Mittal Vikas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUsing a series of uranyl acetate stained or platinum-palladium shadowed organic samples, an empirical analytical method to extract surface information from energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) images is described. The distribution of uranium or platinum-palladium atoms, which replicate the sample surface topography, have been mathematically extracted by dividing the image acquired in the valence bulk plasmon energy region (between 20 and 30 eV) by the image acquired at the carbon K ionization edge (between 284 and 300 eV). The resulting plasmon-to-carbon ratio (PCR) image may be interpreted as a precise metal replica of the sample surface. In contrast to conventional EFTEM elemental mapping, including an absolute quantification approach, this technique can be applied to 200–600 nm thick organic samples. A combination of conventional TEM and PCR imaging allows one to detect complementary transmission and topographical information with nanometer precision of the same area of carbon-based samples. The advantages and limitations of PCR imaging are highlighted.
TILING BRANCHING MULTIPLICITY SPACES WITH GL PATTERN BLOCKS
Authors: KIM SANGJIB 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe study branching multiplicity spaces of complex classical groups in terms of ${\mathrm{GL} }_{2} $ representations. In particular, we show how combinatorics of ${\mathrm{GL} }_{2} $ representations are intertwined to make branching rules under the restriction of ${\mathrm{GL} }_{n} $ to ${\mathrm{GL} }_{n- 2} $. We also discuss analogous results for the symplectic and orthogonal groups.
Exploration of the local solar neighbourhood I: Fixed number of probes
Authors: Cartin Daniel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPrevious work in studying interstellar exploration by one or several probes has focused primarily either on engineering models for a spacecraft targeting a single star system, or large-scale simulations to ascertain the time required for a civilization to completely explore the Milky Way Galaxy. In this paper, a simulated annealing algorithm is used to numerically model the exploration of the local interstellar neighbourhood (i.e. of the order of ten parsecs of the Solar System) by a fixed number of probes launched from the Solar System; these simulations use the observed masses, positions and spectral classes of targeted stars. Each probe visits a pre-determined list of target systems, maintains a constant cruise speed, and only changes the direction from gravitational deflection at each target. From these simulations, it is examined how varying design choices – differing the maximum cruise speed, number of probes launched, number of target stars to be explored, and probability of avoiding catastrophic system failure per parsec – change the completion time of the exploration programme and the expected number of stars successfully visited. In addition, it is shown that improving this success probability per parsec has diminishing returns beyond a certain point. Future improvements to the model and possible implications are discussed.