bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik Kepala Madrasah Terhadap Kompetensi Pedagogik Pendidik Di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Ulum Gunung Mas Kecamatan Marga Sekampung Kabupaten Lampung Timur
Authors: Ari Supadi  
Published: August 2024

“Kompetensi pendidik pada dasarnya merupakan gambaran tentang apa yang dapat dilakukan seseorang dalam suatu pekerjaan, yang berupa kegiatan, prilaku dan hasil yang seyogyanya dapat ditampilkan atau ditunjukan. Agar dapat melakukan pekerjaannya, tentu saja seseorang harus memiliki kemampuan dalam bentuk pengetahuan (knowledge), sikap (attitude) dan keterampilan (skill) yang sesuai dengan bidang pekerjaannya dan kemudian diaktualisasikan oleh pendidik dalam melaksanakan tugas keprofesionalan. Kompetensi pedagogik adalah kemampuan mengelola pembelajaran peserta didik yang meliputi pemahaman terhadap peserta didik, perancangan dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran, evaluasi hasil belajar dan pengembangan peserta didik untuk mengaktualisasikan berbagai kompetensi yang dimiliki”.
Penelitian ini merumuskan masalah yaitu Adakah Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik Kepala Madrasah terhadap Kompetensi Pedagogik Pendidik di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Ulum Gunung Mas Kecamatan Marga Sekampung Kabupaten Lampung Timur?Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik Kepala Madrasah terhadap Kompetensi Pedagogik pendidik di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Ulum Gunung Mas Kecamatan Marga Sekampung Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif, kemudian yang menjadi populasinya yaitu berjumlah 30 Pendidik. Untuk memperoleh data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode angket, sedangkan untuk metode dokumentasi sebagai metode penunjang. Kemudian untuk menganalisa data menggunakan Korelasi Koefisien Linier Ganda Parsial. Maka hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah Ha: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik Kepala Madrasah terhadap Kompetensi Pedagogik Pendidik di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Ulum Gunung Mas Kecamatan Marga Sekampung Kabupaten Lampung Timur.
Hasil menunjukan bahwa hasil analisa data yang telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis SPSS 19.0 dengan menghasilka Uji analisis korelasi sederhana pengaruh (X) dengan (Y) menunjukkan bahwa hasil analisis 0.000 < 0,05 maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Dan (X) dengan (Y) menunjukkan bahwa hasil analisis 0,003< 0,05 maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima.Sedangkan pada Uji secara serempak (Uji F ) menunjukkan bahwa Pada tingkat signifikan 5% nilai F hitung lebih besar dari F tabel (7,645 > 4,737), maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima yang artinya bahwa variabel bebas secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi yang signifikan dengan variabel terikat.
Incidence of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLA-BSIs) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Benghazi Medical Centre
Authors: Mukhtad Amal , Elramly Asma , Al Kadiky Amina , Al Mahguob Noura , Eshaim Heba , Al Musraty Asia 
Published: August 2024

Critically ill hospitalized patients have a significant risk of developing nosocomial bloodstream infections; most of these BSIs are usually from an intravascular device, Central-line-associated bloodstream infection is one of the most important problems in intensive care units worldwide. The study aimed to measure the incidence, risk factors, and most frequent causative organisms of central line-associated bloodstream infections in the Medical Intensive Care Units at Benghazi Medical Centre. This prospective study included 124 patients and was conducted between September 2021 and February 2022 in the Medical Intensive Care Units at Benghazi Medical Centre. The data was collected by using two research tools, worksheet for recording the data on each ICU patient with a central line and blood samples collected from patients using strict aseptic technique and sterile equipment. The total incidence rate of CLA-BSI in internal Intensive Care Units at Benghazi Medical Centre was 12.4/1000 CL-days, and the infection rate of CLA-BSI in patients' blood cultures after CVC insertion was 11.3%. Gram-negative bacteria were the most causative microorganisms by 54.4%, and 45.6% of the infection was gram-positive bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most causative microorganism in gram-negative bacteria by 35%. While 28.1% of gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis reported resistance to most of the tested antibiotics. CLA-BSI is an important cause of mortality in ICU patients. Patients with CLABSIs can have a longer hospital stay and higher health care costs. Thus, implementing standard infection prevention practices for critically ill patients is highly recommended
Effects of “blue” (λ = 450 nm) and pulsed periodic CO2 (λ = 10.6 μm) laser light at the skin of laboratory animals. A comparative experimental study
Authors: Podurar S. A. , Gorbatova N. Ye. , Bryantsev A. V. , Duvansky V. A. , Tertychny A. S. , Varev G. A. , Nikiforov S. M. , Simanovsky Ya. O. 
Published: August 2024

Background. Currently, the problem of radical removal of pigmented skin formations with good clinical and aesthetic results remains open. These formations, including congenital giant pigmented nevi (CGPN), are found at birth in 2 % of newborns; acquired nevi are registered in 75 % of children. They can be large in size and quite often are located on visible parts of the body, creating psychological problems in children and leading to aesthetic discomfort. In adulthood, various complications may develop including malignancy which may develop in 10% of patients. Management of pigmented skin formations causes both medical and psychological problems. So, it is reasonable to solve them in childhood. Modern various techniques for the removal of pigmented nevi are not always effective; besides, they are often followed by various complications, like relapses (in 6–41 %) and skin scarring (in 6 %). Such a situation requires development of new highly effective techniques for removing various pigmented nevi, including laser light. Recently, separate works on the application of “blue” (λ = 450 nm) laser light and infrared (λ = 10.6 μm) laser light generated by periodic CO2 laser for the discussed pathology have appeared.Purpose. To conduct a comparative experimental study on the effects of “blue” (λ = 450 nm) laser light and infrared (λ = 10.6 μm) laser light generated by pulsed periodic CO2 laser at the skin of laboratory rats in order to find out promising parameters for surgical removal of pigmented skin formations.Material and methods. Laser devices “Lasermed 10-03” (LLC RIK, Russia) generating in “blue” (λ = 450 nm) and pulsed periodic CO2 laser “ALDAN” (IOF RAS, Russia) generating in infrared (λ = 10.6 μm) laser light were used. In present in vivo experiment, pigmented skin of laboratory rats was exposed to laser light. Exposure zones were compared; features and regeneration terms were analyzed too.Results. The researchers registered specific effects in skin irradiation with laser light as well as in terms of wound regeneration. They also identified optimal parameters of “blue” (λ = 450 nm) and infrared (λ = 10.6 μm) laser light for the removal of CGPN and pigmented skin formations.Conclusion. The obtained results of the present comparative experimental trial have outlined prospects for the application of “blue” (λ = 450 nm) laser light and infrared laser light (λ = 10.6 μm) generated by pulsed periodic CO2 laser for surgical removal of pigmented skin formations.
Reasonability in performing laser sculptural uvulopalatoplasty in patients with ronchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Knyazkov V. B. , Prazdnikov E. N. , Daikhes N. A. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: to background the reasonability in performing laser sculptural uvulopalatoplasty in patients with ronchopathy and obstructive apnea sleep syndrome.Materials and methods: the authors back grounded the application of laser sculptural uvulopalatoplasty in patients with ronchopathy and obstructive apnea sleep syndrome. This technique allows to minimize surgical trauma of the tendon-muscle plate during vaporization of pathologically altered soft palate tissues which is confirmed by outcomes after surgery in 309 patients with ronchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome who were under follow-up observation for 5 years and more.Results: outcomes after laser sculptural uvulopalatoplasty demonstrate not only complete relief of patients of ronchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (result of night snoring) and related complications, but also demonstrate safety and high efficiency (98.4%) of this surgical intervention and stable preservation of the obtained results during 5 years or more after surgery.Conclusion: laser sculptural uvulopalatoplasty, performed under the careful observation of surgical technique and after careful selection of patients after comprehensive differentiated examination is a safe and effective method for treating patients with ronchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Thus, patients can have stable and complete relief of night snoring and its complications.
Methodological notes on physical parameters of low-level laser irradiation. Part 1. Penetration depth of laser light
Authors: Rogatkin D. A. , Tarasov A. P. , Shtyflyuk M. E. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose. The general purpose of present methodological article, consisting of two parts, is to provide a unifying theoretical approach to the still debated problem of determining the depth of penetration of laser light into tissues and the dosage of laser therapeutic effects from the standpoint of modern medical physics. The purpose of the first part of the article is to discuss the depth of laser light penetration into tissues and organs during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and to formulate practical recommendations for its measurement.Material and methods. The review is devoted to the current problem on the depth of laser light penetration, with terms and definitions. Based on different approximations of the radiation transfer equation known in physics, numerical theoretical estimates of the penetration depth of laser light with different wavelengths into the skin are given for different approaches. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate soft tissue volume in which radiation energy is absorbed up to 95 %. The depth of light penetration was estimated using linear dimensions of the volume.Results. As it turned out, the classical theoretical depth of laser light penetration into tissues and organs highly depends not only on wavelength and tissue optical properties, but also on the chosen approximation and calculation method. The penetration depth, defined by the calculated volume in which up to 95 % of laser radiation is absorbed, is about 3 times greater than the classical theoretical penetration depth, which better complies with known experimental findings.Conclusion. The depth of laser light penetration into tissues can be more reasonably determined for therapeutic and diagnostic procedures via the effective irradiated volume of tissues.
Magnetically Driven Turbulence in the Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Rea David G. , Simon Jacob B. , Carrera Daniel , Lesur Geoffroy , Lyra Wladimir , Sengupta Debanjan , Yang 楊 Chao-Chin 朝欽 , Youdin Andrew N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Given the important role turbulence plays in the settling and growth of dust grains in protoplanetary disks, it is crucial that we determine whether these disks are turbulent and to what extent. Protoplanetary disks are weakly ionized near the midplane, which has led to a paradigm in which largely laminar magnetic field structures prevail deeper in the disk, with angular momentum being transported via magnetically launched winds. Yet, there has been little exploration of the precise behavior of the gas within the bulk of the disk. We carry out 3D, local shearing box simulations that include all three low-ionization effects (ohmic diffusion, ambipolar diffusion, and the Hall effect) to probe the nature of magnetically driven gas dynamics 1–30 au from the central star. We find that gas turbulence can persist with a generous yet physically motivated ionization prescription (order unity Elsässer numbers). The gas velocity fluctuations range from 0.03 to 0.09 of the sound speed c

s
at the disk midplane to ∼c

s
near the disk surface, and are dependent on the initial magnetic field strength. However, the turbulent velocities do not appear to be strongly dependent on the field polarity, and thus appear to be insensitive to the Hall effect. The midplane turbulence has the potential to drive dust grains to collision velocities exceeding their fragmentation limit, and likely reduces the efficacy of particle clumping in the midplane, though it remains to be seen if this level of turbulence persists in disks with lower ionization levels.
Merging Gas-rich Galaxies That Harbor Low-luminosity Twin Quasars at z = 6.05: A Promising Progenitor of the Most Luminous Quasars
Authors: Izumi Takuma , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Onoue Masafusa , Strauss Michael A. , Umehata Hideki , Silverman John D. , Nagao Tohru , Imanishi Masatoshi , Kohno Kotaro , Toba Yoshiki , Iwasawa Kazushi , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Sawamura Mahoshi , Fujimoto Seiji , Kikuta Satoshi , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Aoki Kentaro , Goto Tomotsugu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array [C ii] 158 μm line and underlying far-IR continuum emission observations (0.″57 × 0.″46 resolution) toward a quasar–quasar pair system recently discovered at z = 6.05. The quasar nuclei (C1 and C2) are faint (M
1450 ≳ −23 mag), but we detect very bright [C ii] emission bridging the 12 kpc between the two objects and extending beyond them (total luminosity L
[C ii] ≃ 6 × 109
L
⊙). The [C ii]-based total star formation rate of the system is ∼550 M
⊙ yr−1 (the IR-based dust-obscured star formation is ∼100 M
⊙ yr−1), with a [C ii]-based total gas mass of ∼1011
M
⊙. The dynamical masses of the two galaxies are large (∼9 × 1010
M
⊙ for C1 and ∼5 × 1010
M
⊙ for C2). There is a smooth velocity gradient in [C ii], indicating that these quasars are a tidally interacting system. We identified a dynamically distinct, fast-[C ii] component around C1: detailed inspection of the line spectrum there reveals the presence of a broad-wing component, which we interpret as the indication of fast outflows with a velocity of ∼600 km s−1. The expected mass-loading factor of the outflows, after accounting for multiphase gas, is ≳2 − 3, which is intermediate between AGN-driven and starburst-driven outflows. Hydrodynamic simulations in the literature predict that this pair will evolve to a luminous (M
1450 ≲ −26 mag), starbursting (≳1000 M
⊙ yr−1) quasar after coalescence, one of the most extreme populations in the early Universe.
A Hierarchical Point-spread Function Reconstruction Method
Authors: Alonso Pedro , Zhang Jun , Liu Cong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Reconstruction of the point-spread function (PSF) plays an important role in many areas of astronomy, including photometry, astrometry, galaxy morphology, and shear measurement. The atmospheric and instrumental effects are the two main contributors to the PSF, both of which may exhibit complex spatial features. Current PSF reconstruction schemes typically rely on individual exposures, and their ability to reproduce the complicated features of the PSF distribution is therefore limited by the number of stars. Interestingly, in conventional methods, after stacking the model residuals of the PSF ellipticities and (relative) sizes from a large number of exposures, one can often observe some stable and nontrivial spatial patterns on the entire focal plane, which could be quite detrimental to, e.g., weak-lensing measurements. These PSF residual patterns are caused by instrumental effects, as they consistently appear in different exposures. Taking this as an advantage, we propose a multilayer PSF reconstruction method to remove such PSF residuals, the second and third layers of which make use of all available exposures together. We test our method on the i-band data of the second release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam. Our method successfully eliminates most of the PSF residuals. Using the Fourier_Quad shear measurement method, we further test the performance of the resulting PSF fields on shear recovery using the field distortion effect. The PSF residuals have strong correlations with the shear residuals, and our new multilayer PSF reconstruction method can remove most of such systematic errors related to the PSF, leading to much smaller shear biases.
Stokes Phenomena in Lensing
Authors: Shi Xun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As lensing of coherent astrophysical sources, e.g., pulsars, fast radio bursts, and gravitational waves, becomes observationally relevant, the mathematical framework of Picard–Lefschetz theory has recently been introduced to fully account for wave optics effects. Accordingly, the concept of lensing images has been generalized to include complex solutions of the lens equation referred to as “imaginary images,” and more radically, to the Lefschetz thimbles, which are a sum of the steepest descent contours connecting the real and imaginary images in the complex domain. In this wave-optics-based theoretical framework of lensing, we study the “Stokes phenomena” as the change of the topology of the Lefschetz thimbles. Similar to the well-known caustics at which the number of geometric images changes abruptly, the corresponding Stokes lines are the boundaries in the parameter space where the number of effective imaginary images changes. We map the Stokes lines for a few lens models. The resulting Stokes line-caustics network represents a unique feature of the lens models. The observable signature of the Stokes phenomena is the change of interference behavior, in particular the onset of frequency oscillation for some Stokes lines. We also demonstrate high-order Stokes phenomena where the system has a continuous number of effective images but with an abrupt change in the way they are connected to each other by the Lefschetz thimbles. Their full characterization calls for an analogy of the catastrophe theory for caustics.
Adiabatic Mass Loss in Binary Stars. IV. Low- and Intermediate-mass Helium Binary Stars
Authors: Zhang Lifu , Ge Hongwei , Chen Xuefei , Han Zhanwen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The unstable mass transfer situation in binary systems will asymptotically cause the adiabatic expansion of the donor star and finally lead to the common envelope phase. This process could happen in helium binary systems once the helium donor star fills its Roche-lobe. We have calculated the adiabatic mass-loss model of naked helium stars with a mass range of 0.35 M
⊙–10 M
⊙, and every mass sequence evolved from the helium-zero-age main sequence to the cooling track of white dwarf or carbon ignition. In consideration of the influence of stellar wind, massive helium stars are not considered in this paper. Comparing the stellar radius with the evolution of the Roche-lobe under the assumption of conservative mass transfer, we give the critical mass ratio q
crit = M
He/M
accretor as the binary stability criteria of low- and intermediate-mass helium binary stars. On the helium main sequence, the result shows 1.0 < q
crit < 2.6, which is more unstable than the classical result of polytropic model q
crit = 3. After the early helium Hertzsprung Gap, the q
crit quickly increases even larger than 10 (more stable compared with the widely used result of q
crit = 4), which is dominated by the expansion of the radiative envelope. Our result could be useful for these quick mass transfer binary systems such as AM CVns, ultra-compact X-ray binaries, and helium novae, and it could guide the binary population synthesis for the formation of special objects such as type Ia supernova and gravitational wave sources.
Bipolar Blobs as Evidence of Hidden AGN Activities in the Low-mass Galaxies
Authors: Yao Yao , Wang Enci , He Zhicheng , Lin Zheyu , Rong Yu , Zhang Hong-Xin , Kong Xu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We report evidence of a hidden black hole (BH) in a low-mass galaxy, MaNGA 9885-9102, and provide a new method to identify active BHs in low-mass galaxies. This galaxy is originally selected from the MaNGA survey with distinctive bipolar Hα blobs at the minor axis. The bipolar feature can be associated with active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity, while the two blobs are classified as the H ii regions on the BPT diagram, making the origins confusing. The Swift UV continuum shows that the two blobs do not have UV counterparts, suggesting that the source of ionization is out of the blobs. Consistent with this, the detailed photoionization models prefer AGN rather than the star-forming origin with a significance of 5.8σ. The estimated BH mass is M
BH ∼ 7.2 × 105
M
⊙ from the M
BH–σ
* relationship. This work introduces a novel method for detecting the light echo of BHs, potentially extending to intermediate mass, in low-metallicity environments where the traditional BPT diagram fails.
New Transient Co-orbital Asteroids of Venus
Authors: Carruba Valerio , Moreira Morais Maria Helena , Mourão Daniela C. , Araujo Rosana A. N. , Aljbaae Safwan , Caritá Gabriel , Domingos Rita C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Venus has no known natural satellites but has 5 known co-orbitals. These are objects trapped in a 1:1 mean-motion resonance with Venus. Co-orbital configurations include retrograde satellite orbits (RS), tadpole orbits (T) around the Lagrangian equilibrium points L4 or L5, and horseshoe orbits around both L4 and L5 (H). At high eccentricity or inclination, co-orbital configurations may also involve compounds of T and RS (T-RS, T-RS-T), H and RS (H-RS) orbits, or transitions between different co-orbital modes. Here we identify asteroids in 2 RS, 1 L4-tadpole, 2 H-RS, and 2 T-RS orbits, as well as 8 additional asteroids in possible temporary co-orbital status. Although the majority of these objects do not yet have well-characterized orbits, 2020 CL1, and 2020 SB do and are very likely to be new co-orbital asteroids. With the new candidates, Venus would have a population of 20 co-orbital asteroids, comparable to those of Mars and Earth.