bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust classification for the joint velocity‐intermittency structure of turbulent flow over fixed and mobile bedforms
Authors: Keylock Christopher J. , Singh Arvind , Venditti Jeremy G. , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTTwo datasets of turbulence velocities collected over different bedform types under contrasting experimental conditions show similarity in terms of velocity‐intermittency characteristics and suggest a universality to the velocity‐intermittency structure for flow over bedforms. One dataset was obtained by sampling flow over static bedforms in different locations, and the other was based on a static position but mobile bedforms. A flow classification based on the velocity‐intermittency behaviour is shown to reveal some differences from that based on an analysis of Reynolds stresses, boundary layer correlation and turbulent kinetic energy. This may be attributed to the intermittency variable, which captures the local effect of individual turbulent flow structures. Locations in the wake region or the outer layer of the flow are both shown to have a velocity‐intermittency behaviour that departs from that for idealized wakes or outer layer flow because of the superposition of localized flow structures generated by bedforms. The combined effect of this yields a velocity‐intermittency structure unique to bedform flow.The use of a time series of a single velocity component highlights the potential power of our approach for field, numerical and laboratory studies. The further validation of the velocity‐intermittency method for non‐idealized flows undertaken here suggests that this technique can be used for flow classification purposes in geomorphology, hydraulics, meteorology and environmental fluid mechanics. © 2014 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Pro‐glacial soil variability and geomorphic activity – the case of three Swiss valleys
Authors: Temme Arnaud J. A. M. , Lange Kas 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSoils in pro‐glacial areas are often approached from a chronosequence viewpoint. In the chronosequence approach, the objective is to derive rates of soil formation from differences in properties between soils of different age. For this reason, in chronosequence studies, soils are sampled in locations that are assumed geomorphically stable and that have different age. As a result, these studies do not necessarily yield a complete view of soil variability in pro‐glacial areas, and may miss important relations between geomorphology and soil development. In this contribution, we present new soil observations from three closely related pro‐glacial areas in Switzerland. These observations were intended to get closer to a complete view of soil variability, and to assess impacts from factors other than time on soil development. About 40 soils were visited in each pro‐glacial valley in a combined design‐convenience sampling scheme and described in the field. Linear modelling was used to assess effects of time and topographic factors on soil properties. The time since glacial retreat turned out to rarely explain more than half of the variation in soil properties, and a linear model combining effects of time and topographic variables explained typically about half of the variation in each pro‐glacial valley. Models differed and were not transferable between valleys. Apparently, time and the present‐day shape of the landscape combined are insufficient information to accurately predict soil properties. Field evidence points to the importance of the geomorphic history and regime of the valleys as a reason for this. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating Genome‐Wide Significance for Whole‐Genome Sequencing Studies
Authors: Xu ChangJiang , Tachmazidou Ioanna , Walter Klaudia , Ciampi Antonio , Zeggini Eleftheria , Greenwood Celia M. T. ,   the UK10K Consortium
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough a standard genome‐wide significance level has been accepted for the testing of association between common genetic variants and disease, the era of whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) requires a new threshold. The allele frequency spectrum of sequence‐identified variants is very different from common variants, and the identified rare genetic variation is usually jointly analyzed in a series of genomic windows or regions. In nearby or overlapping windows, these test statistics will be correlated, and the degree of correlation is likely to depend on the choice of window size, overlap, and the test statistic. Furthermore, multiple analyses may be performed using different windows or test statistics. Here we propose an empirical approach for estimating genome‐wide significance thresholds for data arising from WGS studies, and we demonstrate that the empirical threshold can be efficiently estimated by extrapolating from calculations performed on a small genomic region. Because analysis of WGS may need to be repeated with different choices of test statistics or windows, this prediction approach makes it computationally feasible to estimate genome‐wide significance thresholds for different analysis choices. Based on UK10K whole‐genome sequence data, we derive genome‐wide significance thresholds ranging between 2.5 × 10−8 and 8 × 10−8 for our analytic choices in window‐based testing, and thresholds of 0.6 × 10−8–1.5 × 10−8 for a combined analytic strategy of testing common variants using single‐SNP tests together with rare variants analyzed with our sliding‐window test strategy.
The relationship between task‐related and subsequent memory effects
Authors: de Chastelaine Marianne , Rugg Michael D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe primary aim of this fMRI study was to assess the proposal that negative subsequent memory effects—greater activity for later forgotten relative to later remembered study items—are localized to regions demonstrating task‐negative effects, and hence to potential components of the default mode network. Additionally, we assessed whether positive subsequent memory effects overlapped with regions demonstrating task‐positive effects. Eighteen participants were scanned while they made easy or difficult relational judgments on visually presented word pairs. Easy and hard task blocks were interleaved with fixation‐only rest periods. In the later unscanned test phase, associative recognition judgments were required on intact word pairs (studied pairs), rearranged pairs (pairs formed from words presented on different study trials) and new pairs. Subsequent memory effects were identified by contrasting the activity elicited by study pairs that went on to be correctly endorsed as intact versus incorrectly endorsed as rearranged. Task effects were identified by contrasting all study items and rest blocks. Both task‐negative and task‐positive effects were evident in widespread cortical regions and negative and positive subsequent memory effects were generally confined to task‐negative and task‐positive regions respectively. However, subsequent memory effects could be identified in only a fraction of task‐sensitive voxels and, unlike task effects, were insensitive to the difficulty manipulation. The findings for the negative subsequent memory effects are consistent with recent proposals that the default mode network is functionally heterogeneous, and suggest that these effects are not accurately characterized as reflections of the modulation of the network as a whole. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3687–3700, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Frontostriatal activity and connectivity increase during proactive inhibition across adolescence and early adulthood
Authors: Vink Matthijs , Zandbelt Bram B. , Gladwin Thomas , Hillegers Manon , Hoogendam Janna Marie , van den Wildenberg Wery P.M. , Du Plessis Stefan , Kahn René S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDuring adolescence, functional and structural changes in the brain facilitate the transition from childhood to adulthood. Because the cortex and the striatum mature at different rates, temporary imbalances in the frontostriatal network occur. Here, we investigate the development of the subcortical and cortical components of the frontostriatal network from early adolescence to early adulthood in 60 subjects in a cross‐sectional design, using functional MRI and a stop‐signal task measuring two forms of inhibitory control: reactive inhibition (outright stopping) and proactive inhibition (anticipation of stopping). During development, reactive inhibition improved: older subjects were faster in reactive inhibition. In the brain, this was paralleled by an increase in motor cortex suppression. The level of proactive inhibition increased, with older subjects slowing down responding more than younger subjects when anticipating a stop‐signal. Activation increased in the right striatum, right ventral and dorsal inferior frontal gyrus, and supplementary motor area. Moreover, functional connectivity during proactive inhibition increased between striatum and frontal regions with age. In conclusion, we demonstrate that developmental improvements in proactive inhibition are paralleled by increases in activation and functional connectivity of the frontostriatal network. These data serve as a stepping stone to investigate abnormal development of the frontostriatal network in disorders such as schizophrenia and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4415–4427, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of reflux‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in periprosthetic leakage after prosthetic voice rehabilitation
Authors: Lorenz Kai J. , Kraft Klaus , Graf Franziska , Pröpper Christian , Steinestel Konrad 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundGastroesophageal reflux (GER) contributes to periprosthetic leakage after prosthetic voice rehabilitation. However, underlying mechanisms are unclear, and markers predicting anti‐reflux therapy response are missing.MethodsWe assessed epithelial–mesenchymal transition in 148 consecutive biopsies from 44 patients with/without fistula enlargement under dual‐probe pH monitoring before and after proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy applying immunohistochemistry. Results were correlated with reflux intensity and clinical and histologic findings.ResultsEpithelial–mesenchymal transition correlated with GER in all samples, and patients with fistula enlargement showed higher epithelial–mesenchymal transition scores. Contrary to patients without enlargement, epithelial–mesenchymal transition scores did not regress during therapy in this group. Furthermore, pretherapeutic epithelial–mesenchymal transition scores were lower in therapy responders than in nonresponders without reaching significance (p = .07).ConclusionWe demonstrate that epithelial–mesenchymal transition correlates with severity of GER and presence of periprosthetic fistula enlargement in patients who underwent prosthetic voice rehabilitation, but epithelial–mesenchymal transition seems to be reversible upon PPI treatment in early stages only. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 530–536, 2015
Rapid awakening protocol in complex head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Clemens Mark W. , Hanson Summer E. , Rao Samir , Truong Angela , Liu Jun , Yu Peirong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing complex head and neck free flap reconstructions are commonly maintained on mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU). This study reviews indications and outcomes of such patients undergoing a rapid awakening protocol (RAP).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent head and neck microvascular reconstructions by a single surgeon between 2001 and 2013.ResultsSeventy‐five patients underwent RAP and 605 received mechanical ventilation. Overall complications were significantly higher in mechanical ventilation patients than in the RAP cohort (61% vs 31%, respectively; p < .001). Univariate analysis demonstrates mechanical ventilation, age, and aerodigestive tract involvement are significant risk factors for a complication and longer hospital stay. Multivariate logistic regression model demonstrates RAP patients had significantly less risk of a complication (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32; 95% [CI] = 0.19–0.54; p < .001).ConclusionThe recovery of select patients with early extubation/spontaneous breathing is superior to maintenance on mechanical ventilation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 464–470, 2015
Oral cavity anaerobic pathogens in biofilm formation on voice prostheses
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Zijnge Vincent , Zatorska Beata , Leonhard Matthias , Schneider–Stickler Berit , Harmsen Hermie J. M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundA polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based method has been used to identify oral anaerobic pathogens in biofilms on voice prostheses. The purpose of the present study was to determine the location of those pathogens inside the biofilms.MethodsBiofilms of 15 voice prostheses were sampled and used to identify the oral pathogens. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied on smears made on glass slides and on sections of intact biofilms visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).ResultsFusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) was the most frequently detected pathogen and the only tested species detected in microcolonies. The other microbes (Parvimonas micra [P. micra], Porphyromonas gingivalis [P. gingivalis], Tannerella forsythia [T. forsythia], and Treponema denticola [T. denticola]) were not detected or only detected as single cells. CLSM analysis showed that F. nucleatum resided on the biofilm surface.ConclusionAlthough detectable, oral anaerobic pathogens seem to be no more than passers‐by that adhere without further observed proliferation and apparently play no striking role in biofilm formation on voice prostheses. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 524–529, 2015
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy compared with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gore Sinclair M. , Crombie Anthony K. , Batstone Martin D. , Clark Jonathan R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare survival and functional outcomes in patients with advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with either surgery + adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT).MethodsPatients treated with curative intent by either surgery + RT or concurrent CRT were identified over a 6‐year period (2001–2007). Disease and functional outcomes were analyzed on an intention‐to‐treat basis.ResultsFifty‐four patients underwent surgical excision and received postoperative RT. Fifty patients underwent concurrent CRT. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) was significantly higher in the surgically treated group (p < .001). Long‐term enteral feeding tube support was more commonly required in those treated with CRT, whereas osteoradionecrosis rates were comparable between the 2 groups.ConclusionTreatment by surgery + adjuvant RT for advanced oral cavity SCC resulted in better disease control than treatment with CRT. This supports traditional surgical treatment algorithms for oral cavity cancer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 518–523, 2015
Activin A immunoexpression as predictor of occult lymph node metastasis and overall survival in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kelner Natalie , Rodrigues Priscila Campioni , Bufalino Andreia , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , dos Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , Miguel Marcia Cristina Costa , Pinto Clóvis Antonio Lopes , Leme Adriana Franco Paes , Graner Edgard , Salo Tuula , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Coletta Ricardo D. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe presence of regional lymph node metastasis has an important impact on clinical management and prognostication of patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Approximately 30% to 50% of patients with oral tongue SCC have regional metastasis at diagnosis, but the limited sensibility of the current diagnostic methods used for neck staging does not allow detection of all cases, leaving a significant number of undiagnosed metastasis (occult lymph node metastasis). In this study, we evaluated whether clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical detection of carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and activin A could be predictive markers for occult lymph node metastasis in oral tongue SCC.MethodsOne hundred ten patients with primary oral tongue SCC, who were classified with early stage tumor (stage I and II) and received surgical treatment with elective neck dissection, were enrolled in the study.ResultsAmong all examined features, only high immunohistochemical expression of activin A was significantly associated with presence of occult lymph node metastasis (p = .006). Multivariate survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model showed that the expression of activin A was an independent marker of reduced overall survival with a 5‐year survival of 89.7% for patients with low expression compared to 76.5% for those with high expression (hazard ratio [HR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55–3.85; p = .012).ConclusionOur results demonstrated that immunodetection of activin A can be useful for prognostication of oral tongue SCC, revealing patients with occult lymph node metastasis and lower overall survival. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 479–486, 2015
Surgical treatment for recurrent solitary fibrous tumor invading atlas
Authors: Tsutsumi Nao , Kojima Yasutaka , Nishida Kotaro , Maeno Koichiro , Kakutani Kenichiro , Kawakami Fumi , Kanzawa Maki , Itoh Tomoo , Otsuki Naoki , Nibu Ken‐ichi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundSolitary fibrous tumor (SFT), a rare neoplasm, usually originates in the pleura. Extrapleural SFTs occasionally occur in the head and neck.MethodsIn this study, the extirpation of a rare case of recurrent SFT invading the atlas is discussed.ResultsTen years after surgical resection of an SFT in the right parapharyngeal space, the patient returned with a complaint of swelling sensation in the right neck. MRI and CT showed an enhanced lobulated mass invading the right lateral C1 vertebral body and canal and encasing the right vertebral artery. Extirpation of the recurrent tumor with a combined transcervical and midline posterior approach was successful. The surgical margin was negative for cancer and the postoperative course was uneventful.ConclusionAlthough an SFT is generally benign, recurrence can occur even after several years, therefore, careful long‐term follow‐up is essential for early detection. A combined transcervical and midline posterior approach proved useful for resection of the atlas body. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: E121–E124, 2014
Pilot study: Raman spectroscopy in differentiating premalignant and malignant oral lesions from normal mucosa and benign lesions in humans
Authors: Guze Kevin , Pawluk Hanna C. , Short Michael , Zeng Haishan , Lorch Jochen , Norris Charles , Sonis Stephen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundCurrent practice for differentiating tissue lesions are based on histopathological criteria. This process is subject to error. The purpose of this study was to test whether an alternative, tissue‐based molecular signatures Raman spectra could be used to differentiate premalignant and malignant lesions from normal mucosa or benign lesions.MethodsEighteen treatment naive subjects with histologically diagnosed oral disease were studied by comparing the Raman spectra of lesions with contralateral healthy sites. Principle component and multivariate analysis were used to predict which of the tissue groups the average spectrum of each lesion or normal tissue belonged.ResultsThe average spectra were clearly different between premalignant and malignant lesions and those derived from normal, benign tissues. Premalignant and malignant lesions could be predicted with 100% sensitivity and 77% specificity.ConclusionRaman spectroscopy (RS) offers the potential to provide point of care diagnosis of oral disease using a noninvasive, convenient, and relatively inexpensive technology. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2014 © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 511–517, 2015
Cognitive effects of pregabalin in the treatment of long‐term benzodiazepine‐use and dependence
Authors: Oulis Panagiotis , Kalogerakou Stamatina , Anyfandi Eleni , Konstantakopoulos George , Papakosta Vassiliki‐Maria , Masdrakis Vasilios , Tsaltas Eleftheria 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveLong‐term benzodiazepine (BDZ) use and dependence affect cognitive functioning adversely and partly irreversibly. Emerging evidence suggests that pregabalin (PGB) might be a safe and efficacious treatment of long‐term BDZ use. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in several core cognitive functions after successful treatment of long‐term BDZ use and dependence with PGB.MethodsFourteen patients with long‐term BDZ use (mean duration >15 years) underwent neuropsychological assessment with the mini‐mental state examination and four tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) battery before the initiation of PGB treatment and at a two months follow‐up after the cessation of BDZs. Patients' CANTAB percentile score distributions were compared with normative CANTAB data.ResultsPatients improved on cognitive measures of global cognitive functioning, time orientation, psychomotor speed, and visuospatial memory and learning with strong effect sizes. By contrast, they failed to improve on measures of attentional flexibility. Despite their significant improvement, patients' scores on most tests remained still at the lower percentiles of CANTAB normative scores.ConclusionsAlthough preliminary, our findings suggest that successful treatment of long‐term BDZ use with PGB is associated with a substantial, though only partial, recovery of BDZ‐compromised neuropsychological functioning, at least at a 2‐month follow‐up. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitroaromatic compounds: Environmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, therapy and mechanism
Authors: Kovacic Peter , Somanathan Ratnasamy 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTVehicle pollution is an increasing problem in the industrial world. Aromatic nitro compounds comprise a significant portion of the threat. In this review, the class includes nitro derivatives of benzene, biphenyls, naphthalenes, benzanthrone and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, plus nitroheteroaromatic compounds. The numerous toxic manifestations are discussed. An appreciable number of drugs incorporate the nitroaromatic structure. The mechanistic aspects of both toxicity and therapy are addressed in the context of a unifying mechanism involving electron transfer, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and antioxidants. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.