bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a Novel Treatment Serum in the Improvement of Photodamaged Skin
Authors: Sonti S. , Makino E. T. , Garruto J. A. , Gruber J. V. , Rao S. , Mehta R. C. 
Published: October 2012

SynopsisA novel treatment serum formulated to target multiple pathways in the anti‐ageing cascade was tested both in vitro and in clinical settings. In vitro testing was performed to assess the ability to stimulate key proteins and genes fundamental to the anti‐ageing cascade. The antioxidant potential of the formulation was studied in a UV‐irradiation clinical study. A 12‐week, open‐label, single‐centre study was conducted to determine whether this uniquely formulated topical treatment serum could improve visible signs of facial photodamage. Clinical evaluations showed statistically significant reductions in fine wrinkles and coarse wrinkles and improvements in skin texture, tone and radiance starting at week 4 with continued improvements at weeks 8 and 12. Subject self‐assessments confirmed that the beneficial effects of the treatment serum were readily observed by the users. The treatment serum was well tolerated with no treatment‐related adverse events reported during the 12‐week study. Use of this novel treatment serum produced significant improvements in the visible signs of facial photodamage.
Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity: National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, India—a profile
Authors: Ray Rajat , Dhawan Anju , Chopra Anita 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC) is a part of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, a premier autonomous medical university in India. This article provides an account of its origin and its contribution to the field of substance use disorder at the national and international levels. Since its establishment, the NDDTC has played a major role in the development of various replicable models of care, the training of post‐graduate students of psychiatry, research, policy development and planning. An assessment of the magnitude of drug abuse in India began in the early 1990s and this was followed by a National Survey on Extent, Patterns and Trends of Drug Abuse in 2004. Several models of clinical care have been developed for population subgroups in diverse settings. The centre played an important role in producing data and resource material which helped to scale up opioid substitution treatment in India. A nationwide database on the profile of patients seeking treatment (Drug Abuse Monitoring System) at government drug treatment centres has also been created. The centre has provided valuable inputs for the Government of India's programme planning. Besides clinical studies, research has also focused on pre‐clinical studies. Capacity‐building is an important priority, with training curricula and resource material being developed for doctors and paramedical staff. Many of these training programmes are conducted in collaboration with other institutions in the country. The NDDTC has received funding from several national and international organizations for research and scientific meetings, and, most recently (2012), it has been designated as a World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse.
Overlooked and underestimated? Problematic alcohol use in clients recovering from drug dependence
Authors: Staiger Petra K. , Richardson Ben , Long Caroline M. , Carr Victoria , Marlatt G. Alan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimsDespite recognition of the harms related to alcohol misuse and its potential to interfere substantially with sustained recovery from drug dependency, research evaluating drug treatment outcomes has not addressed the issue comprehensively. It has been overlooked possibly because treatment research has been framed according to the primary drug of choice, rather than investigating the interactions between different combinations of drugs and/or alcohol use. This paper reports on a systematic review investigating whether concurrent alcohol use could impede recovery from illicit drug use in two potential ways: first, alcohol could become a substitute addiction and/or secondly, alcohol misuse post‐treatment may place an individual at risk for relapse to their primary drug problem.MethodA systematic search of four relevant databases was undertaken to identify peer‐reviewed, quantitative drug treatment outcome studies that reported alcohol use pre‐, post‐treatment and follow‐up.ResultsThe search revealed 567 papers, of which 13 were assessed as fulfilling the key inclusion criteria.The review indicated inconsistent and therefore inconclusive support for the substitution hypothesis. However, the data revealed consistent support for the hypothesis that alcohol use increases relapse to drug use.Conclusions(i) The potential negative impact of alcohol misuse on drug treatment outcomes remains under‐researched and overlooked; (ii) alcohol consumption post‐drug treatment may increase the likelihood that an individual will relapse to their primary drug; (ii) existing evidence regarding the substitution hypothesis is inconclusive, although there was an indication that a subgroup of participants will be vulnerable to alcohol becoming the primary addiction instead of drugs. We argue that future drug treatment outcome studies need to include detailed analysis of the influence of alcohol use pre‐ and post‐drug treatment.
Comparison of cyanobacterial and green algal growth rates at different temperatures
Authors: LÜRLING MIQUEL , ESHETU FASSIL , FAASSEN ELISABETH J. , KOSTEN SARIAN , HUSZAR VERA L. M. 
Published: October 2012

Summary1. The hypothesis that cyanobacteria have higher optimum growth temperatures and higher growth rates at the optimum as compared to chlorophytes was tested by running a controlled experiment with eight cyanobacteria species and eight chlorophyte species at six different temperatures (20–35 °C) and by performing a literature survey.2. In the experiment, all organisms except the chlorophyte Monoraphidium minutum grew well up to 35 °C. The chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was the fastest‐growing organism over the entire temperature range (20–35 °C).3. Mean optimum growth temperatures were similar for cyanobacteria (29.2 °C) and chlorophytes (29.2 °C). These results are concordant with published data, yielding slightly higher mean optimum growth temperatures for cyanobacteria (27.2 °C) than for chlorophytes (26.3 °C).4. Mean growth rates of cyanobacteria at 20 °C (0.42 day−1) were significantly lower than those of chlorophytes at 20 °C (0.62 day−1). However, at all other temperatures, there were no differences between mean growth rates of cyanobacteria and chlorophytes.5. Mean growth rates at the optimum temperature were similar for cyanobacteria (0.92 day−1) and chlorophytes (0.96 day−1). However, analysis of published data revealed that growth rates of cyanobacteria (0.65 day−1) were significantly lower than those of chlorophytes (0.93 day−1) at their optimum temperatures.6. Although climate warming will probably lead to an intensification of cyanobacterial blooms, our results indicate that this might not be as a result of higher growth rates of cyanobacteria compared with their chlorophyte competitors. The competitive advantage of cyanobacteria can more likely be attributed to their ability to migrate vertically and prevent sedimentation in warmer and more strongly stratified waters and to their resistance to grazing, especially when warming reduces zooplankton body size.
Short‐period static correction without Normal Move Out†
Authors: Masjukov Andrey V. , Murzov Igor S. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTStatic correction is a common step in a seismic data proccessing flowchart for land data. Here we propose a new algorithm for automatic short‐period static correction. The algorithm is based on the assumption that seismic events after short‐period static correction should be locally plane nearly everywhere. No other assumptions are made. Therefore the proposed method does not require a preliminary velocity analysis. The algorithm consists in two main parts: evaluation of second spatial differences of trajectories and subsequent regularized integration of these differences. The proposed method proves its robustness and shows results comparable with conventional residual static correction based on improving common‐midpoint stacking. In contrast to the conventional residual static, the proposed algorithm can estimate short‐period statics in complex cases where common‐midpoint stacking fails because of non‐hyperbolic events.
REVIEW: Archive and refugia of soil organisms: applying a pedodiversity framework for the conservation of biological and non‐biological heritages
Authors: Ibáñez Juan José , Krasilnikov Pavel V. , Saldaña Asunción 
Published: October 2012

Summary

The pedosphere is a part of our natural heritage. Soils should be considered both for their biological and for their geological resources.
During the Anthropocene, human activities have dramatically changed the land surface and remodified soil cover, resulting in many natural pedotaxa being at risk of extinction. Recently, biogeographers and ecologists recognized that numerous biotaxa should be considered as edaphic endemisms, and as a consequence, in situ soil preservation is important relative to both its biological and geological value.
This contribution discusses the similarity and differences between biodiversity and pedodiversity and proposes using pedodiversity as a surrogate measure of above‐ground biodiversity and an indicator of below‐ground biodiversity.
Another objective is to explore the relevance of soil diversity to soil ecology by illustrating how the analysis of pedotaxa and their genetic soil horizons can be applied in conservation biology. To preserve biological and geological heritage inherent to the pedosphere, we propose to design a network of soil reserves. The proposed network could also be an efficient way to preserve soil characteristics and qualities of undisturbed soils that would become benchmarks for soil monitoring programs.
Synthesis and applications. The coincidence between patterns of biodiversity and pedodiversity offers a new and unexplored direction for understanding the genesis of biological and non‐biological assemblages and the spatial patterns of soils and living organisms. Pedodiversity can be used as a practical surrogate indicator of soil diversity. We provide a pedodiversity framework for the design of a network of soil reserves for the preservation and monitoring of soil biodiversity. This new framework could contribute toward the development of a unified theory of natural diversity and to understanding the role of the pedosphere in the provision of ecosystem services.
The incidence of delirium in Norwegian intensive care units; deep sedation makes assessment difficult
Authors: WØIEN H. , BALSLIEMKE S. , STUBHAUG A. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDelirium in critically ill patients is associated with increased length of hospital stay, mortality and costs, and may lead to long‐term cognitive impairment. It is often overlooked by clinicians if structured observation is not performed routinely. A national Norwegian survey reported that systematic screening and assessment of delirium were never or seldom performed. The purpose of this study was to test the usefulness of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM‐ICU) and to describe the incidence of delirium in critically ill patients at two Norwegian hospitals.MethodsWe conducted a two‐site, prospective, descriptive study including patients between 18 and 80 years, intubated or mask ventilated at admission, with an ICU stay > 48 h. The CAM‐ICU was scored three times daily. In addition, illness severity, sedation level, pain assessment, drug use and other treatment factors were systematically assessed.ResultsTotal ICU stays of 139 patients were studied and covered 958 patient days. The incidence of delirium was 23%. Thirty per cent of the patients representing 407 patient days were unable to be assessed at any assessment, mainly due to deep sedation. The patients were delirium and coma free in 45.9% of total days.ConclusionOf the patients, 23% were classed as delirious (CAM‐ICU positive) at least once during their stay. The CAM‐ICU was difficult to use in patients with sedation so deep that they hardly gave eye contact and responded only weakly to verbal stimulation. Focusing on less sedation and further modifications to the CAM‐ICU may benefit ICU patients in the future.
Study of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease in patients with mild‐to‐moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in India
Authors: KAMBLE NITISH L. , KHAN NAUSHAD A. , KUMAR NARESH , NAYAK HEMANTA K. , DAGA MRADUL K. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  To study the incidence and pattern of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in patients with mild‐to‐moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using dual‐probe 24‐h oesophageal pH recording.Methods:  This was a prospective study of 50 patients with mild‐to‐moderate stage COPD based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. A detailed history of illness along with spirometry was done in all patients. In the study group, reflux symptoms were measured using a validated scoring system. All the patients underwent oesophageal manometry and dual‐probe 24‐h oesophageal pH recording.Results:  Symptoms of gastro‐oesophageal reflux were present in 38 patients. Twenty‐four‐hour oesophageal pH monitoring revealed pathological reflux in 31 out of 38 symptomatic and 8 out of 12 asymptomatic patients. The overall rate of GORD was 78% in our study. Only distal GORD was observed in 11 (28.9%), and both distal and proximal GORD was observed in 20 (52.6%) out of the 38 symptomatic subjects. In the remaining 12 asymptomatic patients, eight had GORD. Distal GORD was present in six (50%) patients, and two (16.6%) had both distal and proximal GORD in this group. Isolated proximal GORD was not observed in any patient.Conclusions:  There is an increased occurrence of GORD in patients with even mild‐to‐moderate COPD.
Enhanced cytotoxic function of natural killer and natural killer T‐like cells associated with decreased CD94 (Kp43) in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease airway
Authors: HODGE GREG , MUKARO VIOLET , HOLMES MARK , REYNOLDS PAUL N. , HODGE SANDRA 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT)‐like cells represent a small but important proportion of effector lymphocytes that we have previously shown to be major sources of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and granzymes. We hypothesized that these cells would be increased in the airway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), accompanied by reduced expression of the inhibitory receptor CD94 (Kp43) and increased expression of cytotoxic mediators granzyme B and perforin.Methods:  We measured NK and NKT‐like cells and their expression of CD94 in the blood of COPD patients (n = 71; 30 current and 41 ex‐smokers), smokers (16) and healthy controls (25), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from a cohort of subjects (19 controls, 12 smokers, 33 COPD). Activation was assessed by measuring CD69 in blood and the cytotoxic potential of NK cells by measuring granzymes A and B, and using a cytotoxicity assay in blood and BALF.Results:  In blood in COPD, there were no significant changes in the proportion of NK or NKT‐like cells or expression of granzyme A or NK cytotoxic potential versus controls. There was, however, increased expression of granzyme B and decreased expression of CD94 by both cell types versus controls. The proportion of NK and NKT‐like cells were increased in BALF in COPD, associated with increased NK cytotoxicity, increased expression of granzyme B and decreased expression of the inhibitory receptor CD94 by both cell types.Conclusions:  Treatment strategies that target NK and NKT‐like cells, their cytotoxicity and production of inflammatory mediators in the airway may improve COPD morbidity.
Costabile, Angela & Spears, Barbara A ed (2012) The impact of technology on relationships in educational settingsDavid Fulton (Routledge, Abingdon UK & New York) isbn 978‐0‐415‐61008‐7 217 pp £29.99 http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415610087/
Authors: Smyth Robyn 
Published: October 2012

SummaryTeachers interested in harnessing the internet for positive purposes will enjoy this book—it lays bare some myths, challenges perceptions, and provides evidence of interventions which hold great promise for ameliorating negative misuse, such as cyber‐bullying. Case studies from European, American and Australian practitioners highlight the work being done to harness the positive power of social networking and connectedness. If the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I recommend that you arrange to borrow a copy for a while.Robyn Smyth
Harvey, Michael (2012) Interactional coachingRoutledge (New York & London) isbn 978‐0‐415‐61472‐6 262 pp £17.99 http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415614726/
Authors: Cowan John 
Published: October 2012

SummaryAs the title makes clear, this is a book devoted to coaching—in this context, a one‐to‐one approach to development in which the coach, ideally an applied psychologist, identifies the needs of the coachee and pro‐actively sets out to prompt the coachee to perceive and address his/her needs regarding decision‐making and career choices, and to make these choices expeditiously. If you believe the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I advise that you will probably find only parts of it of interest or use.John Cowan
Rheingold, Howard (2012) Net smartMIT Press (Cambridge MA & London) isbn 978‐0‐262‐01745‐9 322 pp £17.95 http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=12827
Authors: King Samuel 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThis book is about the identification, development and use of the critical literacies that are necessary for the effective use of digital media and social networks—including individual participation but also cyber sociality, the reciprocal or co‐creation of social capital for the greater good. The literacies are attention, critical consumption (“crap detection”), participation, collaboration and network smarts. If it seems that the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I recommend you buy your own copy.Samuel King
Subcortical structures in progressive supranuclear palsy: vertex‐based analysis
Authors: Saini J. , Bagepally B. S. , Sandhya M. , Pasha S. A. , Yadav R. , Thennarasu K. , Pal P. K. 
Published: October 2012

Background and purposeTo study the abnormalities of deep grey matter (GM) structures in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) using MR volumetry and shape analysis techniques.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with PSP and 25 matched controls (all were right handed) were evaluated using standard clinical scales. MRI was performed on a 3 tesla MRI scanner using standard protocol which included T1‐3D Turbo Field‐Echo images with 1‐mm slice thickness. The volumes of GM and white matter, total brain and the deep subcortical GM structures, including hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus were extracted using a fully automated tool. Univariate analysis of covariance, adjusted for intracranial volume (ICV), sex and age, was used to explore group differences. Shape analysis was also performed using automated software with age, sex and total brain volume as covariates of no interest in the statistical design at P < 0.05 (FDR corrected).ResultsThe patients with PSP had significantly lower volumes of bilateral thalami, hippocampus, pallidum and brainstem. Shape analysis of GM structures showed significant surface reduction in bilateral thalami and head of right caudate nucleus.ConclusionsMR volumetry showed abnormalities of various deep GM structures. Shape analysis also revealed focal surface contractions in multiple subcortical structures. Our study highlights the usefulness of this novel technique in detecting abnormalities of deep GM structures.
A Theory of Socio‐spatial Integration: Problems, Policies and Concepts from a US Perspective
Authors: Ruiz‐Tagle Javier 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDiscussions about socio‐spatial integration in the US have been primarily focused on research into residential segregation. The treatment of these two concepts as opposites has had two consequences. First, most policies for integration have been based solely on concepts of segregation. Second, the intensive criticism directed at integration flows more from those policies than from its conceptual meaning. This article develops a framework for socio‐spatial integration. It does this first by outlining an understanding of segregation and the complexities of its treatment, then by making a distinction between policy applications and the conceptual meaning of integration. This review shows that, rather than suiting a linear approach, socio‐spatial integration can be expressed as a multidimensional relationship that may work independently and at different scales. Socio‐spatial integration is then exposed as the opposite of social exclusion, of which physical proximity between different social groups is just one dimension. Two lines of research are proposed: first, a repositioning of integration as a progressive aspiration and a critique of naturalist conceptions; second, a balancing of the weight of spatial proximity among the different dimensions of integration.
Changing Trends in Regional Economic Development Policy Governance: The Case of Northern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Conteh Charles 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article analyses the changing trends in regional economic development policy delivery in multilevel governance systems. Although the imperatives of coordination of public policy interventions across multiple levels has generally been recognized, not enough attention has been given to how different political systems actually adapt their institutional and policy designs to effectively operate in the emergent complexity of multilevel governance systems. The article focuses on regional economic development policy governance in the province of Ontario, Canada over the past three decades, drawing insights from new regionalism, organization theory and governance literature to examine the prospects and challenges of policy delivery in politically complex multilevel systems. The case study illustrates how regional economic development policy is increasingly dictated by complex environmental and institutional forces of multilevel governance that are shaped by the particular character of a political system.
Does N = 2? Trans‐Tasman Economic Integration as a Comparator for the Single European Market*
Authors: LESLIE JOHN , ELIJAH ANNMARIE 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn apparent lack of similar cases has shaped how observers compare integration in Europe with other regions. The growing field of comparative regionalism, however, has overlooked three decades of sustained economic integration between Australia and New Zealand. This article introduces trans‐Tasman integration as a new empirical case of regional economic integration. It compares ‘trans‐Tasman’ integration with European experience with reference to deepening economic integration and supranational institutional arrangements, and explores similarities and differences with other regional arrangements. Adding this second case of ‘deep’ integration to the comparative field enhances the understanding of regional integration in different contexts.