bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE OF PAIN AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE ATHLETES
Authors: Martins L , Paiva J , Freitas A , Miguel L , Andrade A , Neto FAltermann , Bacha A , Dalenogare L , Menezes WV , Silva A , Bolze MA , Maia F 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundOn study of athletes, science has been devoted focusing on athletic performance. However, more recently, researchers have been concerned with other aspects that transcend obtaining results such as the health and well being of high-performance athletes.ObjectiveTo investigate the occurrence of pain and associated factors and its relation to the quality of life in elite athletes of various sports.DesignAn observational, cross-sectional and analytical study.SettingLevel of competition: International, World and Olympic.ParticipantsThe study population was composed of 86 high-performance athletes: 13 of judo, 42 of swimming, 22 of parachuting, and 9 of volleyball.Risk factor assessmentThe risk factors were: training aspects (sports practice time in years, number of training hours accumulated per week) and complementary training (stretching, resistance exercises and functional training). The evaluation was made by self-reported questionnaires. The occurrence of pain was assessed as a risk factor for quality of life.Main outcome measurementsThe prevalence of pain (primary outcome) was estimated by self-reported questionnaire referring to anatomical region that occurred. Quality of life (secondary outcome) was investigated using the WHOQOL-Brief.ResultsSports practice time and gender were not associated with the occurrence of pain. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that sport (Figure 1) and age were associated with the outcome (P<.05). Pain was associated with lower quality of life in domains physical, psychological and environmental.Figure 1Prevalence of pain according to sport..ConclusionsThe occurrence of pain can affect the amount of training supported by the athlete, resulting in decreased performance. Therefore it is imperative the monitoring for reducing pain in elite athletes. These are highly demanded both psychologically and physically; that's why it is equally important that they also be assisted to improve their perceived quality of life.
RELATIONSHIP JUMP-LANDING TECHNIQUE AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, IMPLICATIONS FOR ACL INJURY PREVENTION
Authors: Benjaminse A , Meijer M , Cortes N , Gokeler A 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundNeuropsychological capabilities in athletes may be associated with a predisposition to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.ObjectiveAssess differences between male and female athletes in jump-landing technique in relation to their neuropsychological capabilities.DesignExperimental.SettingLaboratory.Participants31 recreational athletes, free from lower extremity injuries, participated (females: n=16, age=21.0±1.71 years, mass=65.1±5.6 kg, height=174.2±68.9 cm; males n=15, age=22.3±2.2 years, mass=77.9±8.9 kg, height=185.7±78.7 cm).Assessment of risk factorsReaction time (RT) under stress was measured. Furthermore, participants conducted anticipated (ANT) and unanticipated (UNANT) double-legged drop-jumps, followed by running at 4.5-5.5 m/sec 45° to the left, straight, or 45° to the right, depending on the light indication prior to landing on the force plates.Main outcome measuresRT and joint kinematics (trunk flexion-TF, ankle flexion-AF) and kinetics (knee abduction moment-KAM, ankle extension moment-AEM) at peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF,N/kg). Moments are expressed as external moments (Nm/kg). Pearson product-moment correlation between RT and joint biomechanics.ResultsDuring UNANT, KAM became significantly larger (P=.010) in females (–0.37±0.1) than males (–0.16±0.1). TF was greater in the AT (29.7°±3.3°) than UNANT (46.1°±3.1°) regardless of gender (P<001). AEM was smaller in females (2.1±0.1) than males (2.6±0.1), (P=.001). AF was smaller (i.e., increased flexion) when running straight (80.8°±0.8°) compared to the left or right (84.6°±0.7°, P=.002 and 84.2°±0.8°, P=.008). vGRF was smaller when running straight (22.8±1.0) compared to the left or right (31.5±1.0, P<.001 and 28.8±1.0, P<.001). Significant correlations (r 0.5-0.8, P<.05) were seen between faster RT and greater hip and knee flexion angle and smaller KAM and knee abduction angle.ConclusionsFemales reacted differently to UNANT in the frontal plane, potentially placing them at greater ACL injury risk. In the sagittal plane, females showed stiffer ankle landing. Further, a change in direction increased vGRF. Smaller knee flexion combined with smaller TF angles during UNANT, may increase loads at the knee. Lastly, neuropsychological characteristics seem to affect ACL injury risk.
LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY IN ELITE ADOLESCENT ATHLETES: GEORGIAN EXPERIENCE OF PRE-PARTICIPATION SCREENING
Authors: Maskhulia L , Akhalkatsi V , Chelidze K , Kakhabrishvili Z , Matiashvili M , Chabashvili N , Chutkerashvili T 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAthlete's heart should be differentiated from the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-leading cause of exercise related sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Some genetic variations of HCM are characterized by a benign clinical course and a delayed onset of the disease. Therefore, substantial increase of left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) in adolescent athletes needs relevant strategies in pre-participation screening (PPS).ObjectiveTo identify adolescent athletes with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and differentiate physiological LVH from HCM.DesignObservational follow-up study.Setting:Sports Medicine Clinical Centre.Participants978 asymptomatic and normotensive highly trained (≥12 h/week) adolescent athletes (92.9% males) aged 12–18 years, representatives of national teams of 14 sporting disciplines.InterventionsCardiovascular evaluation with medical history, physical examination, 12-lead resting and stress electrocardiography, and echocardiography. LV structure and function were measured in 2002–2006.Main outcome measurementsThe participants were followed prospectively until 2008 with respect to LVH, and until 2012 with respect to HCM.Results12 (1.2%) athletes, all males had LVWT ≥12 mm (12–15) and normal ECG pattern: 10 of them had normal diastolic indices and LV end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) 52.6±4.8mm (46–61); other 2 athletes had LVEDD<45mm. One of them had normal diastolic function and peak oxygen uptake (VO2max) of 58.8 mL/kg/min. An other athlete (15 yrs) with LVWT 15 mm, LVEDD 43 mm, and decreased VO2max of 41.5 mL/kg/min,Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) revealed mildly reduced É-9cm/s and heightened E/É-8.8. Three months of detraining slightly decreased LVWT but did not improve LVEDD and TDI indices. The athlete was advised against competitive sports and referred for further cardiovascular evaluation. Follow-up over a longer period revealed advanced changes in LVWT and diastolic indices, and confirmed HCM.ConclusionsSubstantial LVH in Georgian elite adolescent athletes is rare. PPS with systematical approach can be a valuable tool in differentiation between physiological LVH and mild expression of HCM.
USING THE HEALTH ACTION PROCESS APPROACH (HAPA) MODEL TO PREDICT ADHERENCE TO THE FIFA 11+ PROGRAM IN ELITE FEMALE YOUTH SOCCER
Authors: McKay CD , Meeuwisse WH , Emery CA 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe FIFA 11+ warm-up program can significantly reduce injury risk in youth soccer, but community uptake of the program has been suboptimal. A health behaviour theory, the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model, may identify predictors of program uptake that can inform targeted promotion strategies.ObjectiveTo determine whether HAPA constructs (risk perceptions, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, action and coping plans, facilitators and barriers) predict uptake intention and adherence to the FIFA 11+ in elite female youth soccer.DesignSub-analysis of data from a cluster randomized controlled trial.SettingElite (Tier 1 and 2) female soccer teams (ages 12–16) competing in Calgary, Canada.Participants12 teams (coaches n=12, players n=200) who were randomly recruited prior to the 2013 season as wave 1 of the larger trial.Risk factor assessmentParticipants completed a baseline questionnaire assessing risk perceptions, outcome expectancies and self-efficacy associated with the FIFA 11+, and barriers/facilitators to program use.Main outcome measurementsIntention to follow the FIFA 11+ (from the HAPA questionnaire) and prospectively reported adherence during the season.ResultsPreliminary analyses demonstrate that for coaches, risk perceptions, outcome expectancies, and task self-efficacy accounted for 92.7% of uptake intention variance [F(3,3)=12.71, P=.0327, R2=0.9271]. The most commonly identified facilitator was access to FIFA 11+ materials (videos, manuals). The largest barrier was not having enough time to complete the program. For players, the HAPA model accounted for only 41.4% of intention variance [F(7, 154)=15.53, P<.001, R2=0.4139]. Identified facilitators included having adequate time, personal effort, and enjoying the program. Barriers included poor team leadership, uncooperative teammates, and lack of time. Relationships between HAPA constructs and adherence will also be presented.ConclusionsThe HAPA model appears to strongly predict coach, but not player, intentions to uptake the FIFA 11+. The development of role-targeted promotion strategies may improve program uptake.
THE EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO THE FIFA 11+ WARM-UP PROGRAM ON INJURY RISK KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTION BELIEFS IN ELITE FEMALE YOUTH SOCCER
Authors: McKay CD , Steffen K , Romiti M , Finch CF , Emery CA 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundInjury knowledge and beliefs influence uptake of injury prevention programs. The effect of exposure to prevention programs on knowledge and beliefs is not well understood.ObjectiveTo explore the effect of exposure to the FIFA 11+ program on the injury knowledge and beliefs of female youth soccer coaches and players.DesignA sub-cohort analysis from a cluster-randomized controlled trial.SettingYouth soccer league venues in Alberta, Canada.Participants31 female teams [coaches n=29, players (ages 13–18) n=258].Risk factor assessmentTeams recorded FIFA 11+ adherence during the season.Main outcome measurementsCoaches and players completed pre-season and post-season questionnaires to assess changes in injury knowledge and prevention beliefs after FIFA 11+ exposure.ResultsAt baseline, 62.8% (95% CI: 48.4–77.3) of coaches and 75.8% (95% CI: 71.5–80.1) of players considered "inadequate warm-up" a risk factor for injury. There was no effect of 11+ adherence on this belief (odds ratio=1.0; 95% CI: 0.9–1.1), although more players (78.7%; 95% CI: 73.77–83.7) than coaches (51.7%; 95% CI: 33.55–69.9) considered "inadequate warm-up" a risk factor at post-season. At baseline, 13.8% (95% CI: 1.3–26.4) of coaches believed a warm-up could prevent muscle injuries, but none believed it could prevent knee and ankle injuries. For players, 9.7% (95% CI: 6.1–13.3), 4.7% (95% CI: 2.1–7.3), and 4.7% (95% CI: 2.1–7.3) believed a warm-up would prevent muscle, knee, and ankle injuies, respectively. There was no effect of adherence on post-season beliefs that a warm-up could prevent an injury, for coaches or players.ConclusionsExposure to the FIFA 11+ appears insufficient for changing injury risk or prevention beliefs over a single season. This could have implications for program delivery strategies and may influence sustained program use.
BLOOD PRESSURE IN ELITE ATHLETES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Berge HM , Isern CB , Berge E 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundHigh blood pressure (BP) is a leading cause of illness, and bilateral measurement of BP is recommended in IOC's preparticipation health examination. Still there is limited data on BP in elite athletes.ObjectiveTo describe blood pressure, prevalence of hypertension and subclinical organ damage (left ventricular hypertrophy) in elite athletes.DesignSystematic review, using a comprehensive search strategy developed for PubMed.SettingWe identified studies of BP in elite athletes, including only studies of ≥100 athletes. Of 2049 studies identified, only 40 studies met the inclusion criteria.ParticipantsElite athletes aged 18 to 35 years.Assessment of risk factorsHigh BP; Left ventricular hypertrophy.Main outcome measurementsOffice and ambulatory BP; Prevalence of hypertension; Method of BP measurement; Associations between BP and left ventricular hypertrophy (determined by voltage criteria on ECG or left ventricular mass on echocardiography).ResultsOffice BP was recorded from one to three times at each visit, and measurements were repeated at different time intervals in nine studies. Only one study measured BP in both arms, and only two studies measured ambulatory BP if office BP was high. Mean systolic BP varied from 112±11 mmHg to 138±7 mmHg and mean diastolic BP from 59±8 mmHg to 86±7 mmHg. Hypertension was not defined or defined differently, from ≥130/85 mmHg to ≥150/95 mmHg, and the prevalence of hypertension varied from 0 to 45%. Athletes of both genders and from different sports disciplines were mixed in half of the studies. Four studies showed an association between increased BP and left ventricular hypertrophy.ConclusionsDefinition and prevalence of hypertension and methods of BP measurement differed substantially between the studies, and only a few studies investigated the association between high BP and subclinical organ damage. Future studies should use standardised definitions and methods, and hypertension as a risk factor in athletes should be further investigated.
METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION ON THIGH MARKER CLUSTERS ON KNEE VALGUS ANGLES IN SIDESTEP CUTTING AND VERTICAL DROP JUMPING
Authors: Mok KM , Kristianslund EK , Krosshaug T 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundRanking the athletes according to their knee valgus angle contributes to the development of screening tools for the risk of knee injury. However, studies used different thigh marker clusters to calculate knee valgus angle in marker-based motion analysis system. There is a methodological concern on the thigh marker cluster design which relates to the reliability of measurement.ObjectiveTo quantify the differences between six different thigh marker clusters in terms of the calculated knee valgus angles and the ranking of athletes according to the maximal knee valgus angle and knee valgus angle at initial contact.DesignA methodological study.SettingA marker-based motion analysis system (Oqus, Qualisys, Gothenburg, Sweden) with 480 Hz frame rate was used. Six different marker clusters was put on the thigh of subjects. Subjects performed sidestep cutting and vertical drop jumping motions while being filmed with a skin marker-based motion capture system. The knee valgus angles from six different thigh marker clusters were calculated based on the dynamic trials.Participants19 elite female handball players and 22 elite female football players (n=41).Main outcome measurementsThe calculated knee valgus angles and the resulting ranking of athletes from six different thigh marker clusters.ResultsThere was a discrepancy in knee valgus angles between the six marker sets up to 13.9° of peak valgus angle. The rank correlation coefficient varied from 0.505 to 0.974.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that the choice of thigh marker clusters in analyses of drop jumps and sidestep cutting affected the magnitude of knee valgus angle, as well as the ranking of athletes. A standardized thigh marker cluster setup would facilitate the reliability of measurement, especially for a study on risk factor.Table 1:Thigh skin marker cluster.Marker clusterSkin marker componentNumber of markersDesignILE, AT, GT3Fordet al. (2003), Howett et al. (2005)IILE, DAT, GT3McLeanet al. (1999)IIILE, DAT, LT3Distal thigh + GTVLE,DAT,LT,GT4Distal thigh + GTVILE,DAT,LT,HJC4Distal thigh + HJCVILE,DAT,LT,HJC,GT5Kristianslumndet al. (2012)Table 2:The mean (SD) of the outcome variables on different thigh marker clusters.TaskMarker clusterIIIIIIIVVVISidestep cuttingValgus at 1C (deg)0.7 (3.3)3.5 (2.6)2.4 (3.0)5.0 (3.1)6.2 (3.4)5.0 (3.4)Peak valgus (deg)9.0 (4.0)10.5 (4.1)10.6 (4.5)13.5 (4.6)13.7 (5.4)11.6 (5.5)Vertical drop jumpingValgus at IC (deg)-5.0 (3.5)0.24 (3.0)0.9 (3.2)2.1 (3.0)1.0 (3.5)-1.0 (3.6)Peak valgus (deg)1.9 (2.8)9.5 (5.0)11.6 (5.4)15.8 (5.8)12.0 (5.3)6.9 (5.3)
THE EFFECTS OF FUNCTIONAL GARMENT ON THE JUMP LANDING TASK
Authors: Mukai K , Koyanagi M , Kimura Y , Nakae N , Ogawa T , Yokotani Y , Shioki T , Notani M , Hirama T 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe effectiveness of wearing a brace to prevent sports injuries of the knee remains controversial. We examined the impact of functional newly developed garments.ObjectiveTo investigate the biomechanics of the knee joint when wearing the functional garment with lines in the fabric of different elasticities.DesignQuasi-experimental.SettingControlled laboratory setting.Participants22 healthy male and female college students who participated in recreational sports.InterventionsA single-leg drop jump onto the force plate was performed from a height of 30 cm. Infrared-reflective markers were attached to a total of 39 points for each subject. Body movements were tracked using a high-speed (200 Hz) three-dimensional motion analyzer and a force plate (ground reaction force of 1000 Hz). Long garments were used: two types of garments with fabric lines of hard and soft elasticity and the same garment with no processing (NT) as a control.Main outcome measurementsExternal knee and knee valgus-varus moments as well as joint angle of the support leg were calculated using computer software.ResultsAt 40 ms after ground contact, a significant decrease in the knee valgus angle was observed when wearing the Hard garment (5.33±3.32°) compared to the NT garment (1.33±4.91°; P<.05). A significantly low knee valgus-varus moment was observed when wearing the Hard garment (–6.08±7.07 Nm/kg) compared with the NT garment (0.93±8.60 Nm/kg) (P<.05).ConclusionThe developed functional garment is considered to have reduced the knee abduction moment by controlling the knee valgus moment in a single-leg drop jump.The garment has the potential to avoid malalignment of the lower extremity and prevent sports injury of the knee joint.
MEASUREMENT METHOD IS IMPORTANT FOR INTERPRETATION OF ATHLETES' ECG
Authors: Berge HM , Steine K , Andersen TE , Solberg EE , Gjesdal K 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundElectrocardiography (ECG) is recommended as part of IOC's preparticipation health examination in athletes. The new Seattle criteria for interpreting ECG in athletes are developed with reference values for abnormality, but yet, no guidelines exist on how to perform the measurements.ObjectiveTo test the correlations between visual and computer-based measurements, and examine how method choice influences prevalence of abnormal ECG findings.DesignCross-sectional study on the Seattle criteria comparing visual and computer-based reading of ECGs.SettingPreparticipation cardiac screening examination of male professional football players in Norway during a preseason training camp in 2008.ParticipantsAthletes aged 18–38 years.Assessment of risk factorsAll ECG findings suggestive of cardiomyopathy or primary electrical disease were categorized according to the Seattle criteria. Visually, the measurements were conducted with calipers on-screen on the average PQRST complex in each lead, calculated by the trimmed mean. Computer-based measurements were derived from the medium beat. For both, heart rhythm and conduction were scored visually by cardiologist.Main outcome measurementsPrevalence of abnormal ECG findings, and differences between visual and computer-based measurements. Categorical variables were compared by kappa statistics (K).ResultsECG of good quality were available from 579 (97%) of 595 players. The ECG was categorized as abnormal in 64 (11%) players after visual assessment, versus in 122 (21%) after computer-based measurements, mainly due to more abnormal Q wave durations (35), T wave inversions (24) and ST depressions (12) detected by the computer. Abnormal ECG findings suggestive of; cardiomyopathy were present in 62 versus 122 players (Κ=0.544), and primary electrical disease in 8 versus 6 players (Κ=0.855).ConclusionsThe correlations between visual and computer-based measurements are moderate. Clinically, this difference will influence the prevalence of abnormal ECG findings in athletes. Thus, method choice should always be reported in preparticipation health examination studies. Reference values may need adjustments dependent on measurement methods.
SHOULDER PAIN PROBLEMS IN YOUTH HANDBALL
Authors: Møller M , Myklebust G , Attermann J , Wedderkopp N , Sørensen H , Lind M 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAssessment of prevalence and consequences of shoulder pain problems in youth handball is an integral first step towards injury prevention, but the literature is scarce.ObjectiveTo evaluate prevalence and impact of shoulder pain problems among youth handball players.DesignPilot cohort study with 3 months of weekly SMS-based injury registrations based on the OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire.SettingDanish youth handball.ParticipantsDanish 109 male and 90 female aged 14–16 years (age group U16) and 16–18 years (age group U18) players recruited as a convenient sample from 5 handball schools in Denmark.Risk factor assessmentGender and age group differences in shoulder pain prevalence were assessed.Main outcome measurementsCurrent and previous shoulder pain registered at baseline via the Fahlstrøm questionnaire. A weekly average severity score (0–100) for the 3-month period was calculated for those with current shoulder pain.ResultsAt baseline, 14% and 33% players reported current and previous shoulder pain, respectively. Of all reported shoulder pain, 56% had gradual onset. There were no significant differences between gender (P=.783) and age groups (P=.187). For players with current or previous pain, 70% had changed their training habits and 30% had missed games. Seventy-eight percent suffered from shoulder pain in their throwing (dominant) arm. Of the players reporting present pain, 41%, 15%, 11%, and 15% had pain durations of >0–4, >4–12, >12–26 and >26–52 weeks, respectively, while 19% had pain duration of more than one year. Thirty percent of these players reported problems more than 8 weeks in the registration period with a median severity score of 48, which is defined as substantial problems.ConclusionsShoulder pain problems poses a significant burden to Danish youth handball players, with a negative impact on both training and game participation. Further studies to identify risk factors in this population are needed to develop injury prevention strategies.