bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Feminisation of Mining
Authors: Lahiri‐Dutt Kuntala 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper argues that feminisation is beginning to occur in the mining industry, a process associated with an expanded notion of mining as a livelihood in the radically changing political economy of extractive industries. It demonstrates that new gendered geographies are being created as grinding rural poverty pushes large numbers of women into informal mining (also known as artisanal and small‐scale mining or ASM)—a fundamentally different type of economic activity from the capitalised, industrialised mining operated by large corporations. Further, it shows that a number of civil society initiatives, industry measures, policy processes and action‐research with large‐scale mining corporations are currently underway in response to an overall enhanced awareness of gender mainstreaming. It argues that these initiatives, ensued from women's struggles and feminist contributions, are helping to integrate gender more firmly in a wide range of extractive environments, and how these have enhanced the visibility of women and gender in mining. The paper ends by indicating the existing gaps in inquiry and possible directions for future research by feminist geographers into these gendered economic spaces.
Histopathological features of endometrial carcinomas associated with POLE mutations: implications for decisions about adjuvant therapy
Authors: Bakhsh Salwa , Kinloch Mary , Hoang Lien N , Soslow Robert A , Köbel Martin , Lee Cheng‐Han , McAlpine Jessica N , McConechy Melissa K , Gilks C Blake 
Published: September 2015

AimsTo characterize the histomorphological features of endometrial carcinomas (ECs) harbouring polymerase ε (POLE) mutations.Methods and resultsForty‐three ECs with POLE mutations were compared with a cohort of 202 ECs. Most POLE‐mutated ECs were endometrioid [34/43 (79%)]; the remaining tumours were mixed [6/43 (14%)], serous [2/43 (5%)], and clear cell [1/43 (2%)]. The endometrioid carcinomas were predominantly International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade 3 (27/43, 63%). The histotype distribution did not differ from that of control ECs (P = 0.69), but the grade of the EC was higher (P < 0.0005). Both nuclear grade and mitotic index were significantly higher in POLE‐mutated ECs than in the comparison cohort. POLE‐mutated ECs were associated with peritumoral lymphocytes and numerous tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes. Lymphovascular invasion was present in 20 of 43 tumours. Adjuvant radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy would be offered in up to 80% and 40% of patients, respectively, on the basis of stage, grade, lymphovascular invasion, and histotype.ConclusionsPOLE‐mutated ECs are typically of high grade, with prominent lymphocytic infiltration, but they are not sufficiently distinctive to allow accurate diagnosis based on routine haematoxylin and eosin staining. Even though POLE‐mutated tumours are associated with an excellent prognosis, current guidelines for giving adjuvant treatment for EC result in most patients receiving adjuvant therapy.
Co‐heredity of silent CAP + 1570 T>C (HBB:c*96T>C) defect and severe β‐thal mutation: a cause of mild β‐thalassemia intermedia
Authors: Vinciguerra M. , Passarello C. , Cassarà F. , Leto F. , Cannata M. , Calvaruso G. , Di Maggio R. , Renda D. , Maggio A. , Giambona A. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIntroductionDuring an intensive screening program aimed at identifying the healthy carriers of thalassemia and the couples at risk of bearing an affected fetus, a rare single nucleotide variation (SNV), CAP + 1570 T > C (HBB:c*96T > C), located 12 nucleotides upstream of the polyadenylation signal in 3'UTR of the beta globin gene was identified. It was previously reported as a β+ thalassemia mutation and later as a plain polymorphism.MethodsGenotype identification of globin gene mutations was carried out using sequencing analysis, GAP‐PCR, and MLPA methods.ResultsCAP + 1570 T > C (HBB:c*96T > C) was found in 39 heterozygotes, in one case in homozygous state and in thirteen cases of co‐inheritance of this nucleotide substitution with other mutations in globin genes. Carriers of this mutation showed a ‘silent’ phenotype without appreciable microcytosis and hypochromia, so they cannot be differentiated from noncarrier individuals. Compound heterozygotes for this mutation and severe β‐thal mutations showed a variable phenotype ranging from β‐thal carrier to mild form of β‐thalassemia intermedia, revealing new aspects and allowing to better understand the clinical implications of this nucleotide substitution that can be classified as a silent β‐thalassemic defect.ConclusionData reported in this study indicate the need of investigating partner of β‐thalassemia carrier by complete sequencing analysis of β‐globin gene and of providing an appropriate genetic counseling for couples at risk undergoing prenatal diagnosis.
Cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) induces DNA damage in mammalian cells via reactive oxygen species
Authors: Lee Kwanghyun , Jeong Jae Eun , Kim In Hwang , Kim Kun‐Soo , Ju Bong‐Gun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) is produced by various organisms such as animals, plants, bacteria and fungi. It has diverse biological functions including anti‐fungal activity, anti‐bacterial activity and molecular signalling. However, a few studies have demonstrated the effect of cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) on the mammalian cellular processes, such as cell growth and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated whether cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) affects cellular responses associated with DNA damage in mammalian cells. We found that treatment of 1 mM cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) induces phosphorylation of H2AX (S139) through ATM‐CHK2 activation as well as DNA double strand breaks. Gene expression analysis revealed that a subset of genes related to regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and production is suppressed by the cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) treatment. We also found that cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) treatment induces perturbation of the mitochondrial membrane, resulting in increased ROS, especially superoxide, production. Collectively, our study suggests that cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) treatment induces DNA damage via elevation of ROS in mammalian cells. Our findings may help explain the mechanism underlying the bacterial infection‐induced activation of DNA damage response in host mammalian cells.
Underperception of Naps in Older Adults Referred for a Sleep Assessment: An Insomnia Trait and a Cognitive Problem?
Authors: Nguyen‐Michel Vi‐Huong , Lévy Pierre‐P , Pallanca Olivier , Kinugawa Kiyoka , Banica‐Wolters Raluca , Sebban Claude , Mariani Jean , Fournier Emmanuel , Arnulf Isabelle 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the frequency and determinants of underperception of naps in older adults referred for a sleep assessment.DesignProspective study.SettingOutpatient geriatric sleep clinic.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older referred for insomnia complaints or suspected sleep apnea (N = 135).MeasurementsTests included clinical interview, sleepiness scale, anxiety and depression scale, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and overnight polysomnography, followed by multiple sleep latency tests. At the end of each of four nap opportunities, participants answered whether they had slept during the test. Nap underperception was defined as two or more unperceived naps.ResultsOf the 105 participants who napped at least twice, 42 (40%) did not perceive at least two naps. These participants had lower MMSE scores (P = .01) and were more likely to be taking benzodiazepines (P = .008) than the 63 participants who did not underperceive their naps but had similar demographic characteristics, sleep diagnoses, depression and anxiety scores, and polysomnography measures. Both groups had similarly short mean daytime sleep latencies (9.7 ± 4.5 minutes and 9.8 ± 3.7 minutes), but participants who underperceived their naps scored lower on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (5.6 ± 4.0, vs 9.6 ± 4.8, P < .001). An ISI of 11 or greater, a MMSE score of 26 or less, and a sleepiness score of 8 or less were each independently associated with underperception of naps. The combination of these three factors yielded a positive predictive value of 93% and a negative predictive value of 71% for nap underperception.ConclusionOlder adults referred for sleep consultation with cognitive impairment and greater insomnia symptoms frequently underperceive naps, leading them to underestimate their level of sleepiness. In such cases, objective measures of daytime sleepiness would be better than the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
Validity and reliability of an online extended version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ‐E2) to measure nurses' fitness
Authors: Pugh Judith D , Gelder Lucy , Williams Anne M , Twigg Diane E , Wilkinson Anne M , Blazevich Anthony J 
Published: September 2015

Aims and objectivesTo describe modifications to a second extended version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire for online use in nursing populations, and check validity and reliability.BackgroundThe Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire has been used to assess the severity and impact of musculoskeletal symptoms in occupational groups. The reliability of a previous extended version was established for paper‐based, self‐administration among nursing students. This current study extended the questionnaire to collect more information regarding musculoskeletal symptoms in all nine body regions and their work‐relatedness, as an instrument is needed to gather evidence about the impact of fitness levels on occupational musculoskeletal disorders among nurses.DesignPsychometric evaluation.MethodSixty‐five undergraduate nurses completed the online extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire twice. Content validity was examined by expert review and construct validity by exploratory factor analysis of 90 responses from the first completion. Reliability was checked by examining internal consistency, kappa statistics, proportions of observed, and positive and negative agreements, intra‐class correlation coefficient and standard error of measurement.ResultsThe instrument had high internal consistency and exploratory factor analysis revealed it was a relatively homogenous (unidimensional) measure of musculoskeletal symptom severity. Age of onset of symptoms questions were reliable, with high mean intra‐class correlation coefficients and low mean standard errors of measurement. Overall, questions showed high mean strengths of agreement and proportions of observed agreement: three‐quarters of the prevalence questions and 99% of the severity/impact questions had 10% or fewer disagreements.ConclusionsModifications to the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and online administration did not diminish its validity or reliability for obtaining information about the severity of nurses' musculoskeletal symptoms.Relevance to clinical practiceOccupational musculoskeletal disorders are an issue for nurses. This questionnaire can be used to monitor nurses' musculoskeletal health, and in musculoskeletal disorder prevention studies.
Perspectives of clinical handover processes: a multi‐site survey across different health professionals
Authors: Manias Elizabeth , Geddes Fiona , Watson Bernadette , Jones Dorothy , Della Phillip 
Published: September 2015

Aims and objectivesTo examine the perspectives of health professionals of different disciplines about clinical handover.BackgroundIneffective handovers can cause major problems relating to the lack of delivery of appropriate care.DesignA prospective, cross‐sectional design was conducted using a survey about clinical handover practices.MethodsHealth professionals employed in public metropolitan hospitals, public rural hospitals and community health centres were involved. The sample comprised doctors, nurses and allied health professionals, including physiotherapists, social workers, pharmacists, dieticians and midwives employed in Western Australia, New South Wales, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. The survey sought information about health professionals' experiences about clinical handover; their perceived effectiveness of clinical handover; involvement of patients and family members; health professionals' ability to confirm understanding and to clarify clinical information; role modelling behaviour of health professionals; training needs; adverse events encountered and possibilities for improvements.ResultsIn all, 707 health professionals participated (response rate = 14%). Represented professions were nursing (60%), medicine (22%) and allied health (18%). Many health professionals reported being aware of adverse events where they noticed poor handover was a significant cause. Differences existed between health professions in terms of how effectively they gave handover, perceived effectiveness of bedside handover vs. nonbedside handover, patient and family involvement in handover, respondents' confirmation of understanding handover from their perspective, their observation of senior health professionals giving feedback to junior health professionals, awareness of adverse events and severity of adverse events relating to poor handovers.ConclusionsComplex barriers impeded the conduct of effective handovers, including insufficient opportunities for training, lack of role modelling, and lack of confidence and understanding about handover processes.Relevance to clinical practiceGreater focus should be placed on creating opportunities for senior health professionals to act as role models. Sophisticated approaches should be implemented in training and education.
The discovery of Antarctic RNA viruses: a new game changer
Authors: Cavicchioli Ricardo , Erdmann Susanne 
Published: September 2015

Antarctic ecosystems are dominated by micro‐organisms, and viruses play particularly important roles in the food webs. Since the first report in 2009 (López‐Bueno et al. ), ‘omic’‐based studies have greatly enlightened our understanding of Antarctic aquatic microbial diversity and ecosystem function (Wilkins et al. ; Cavicchioli ). This has included the discovery of many new eukaryotic viruses (López‐Bueno et al. ), virophage predators of algal viruses (Yau et al. ), bacteria with resistance to phage (Lauro et al. ) and mechanisms of haloarchaeal evasion, defence and adaptation to viruses (Tschitschko et al. ). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, López‐Bueno et al. () report the first discovery of RNA viruses from an Antarctic aquatic environment. High sequence coverage enabled genome variation to be assessed for four positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA viruses from the order Picornavirales. By examining the populations present in the water column and in the lake's catchment area, populations of ‘quasispecies’ were able to be linked to local environmental factors. In view of the importance of viruses in Antarctic ecosystems but lack of data describing them, this study represents a significant advance in the field.
Regulation of alkane degradation pathway by a TetR family repressor via an autoregulation positive feedback mechanism in a Gram‐positive Dietzia bacterium
Authors: Liang Jie‐Liang , Nie Yong , Wang Miaoxiao , Xiong Guangming , Wang Yi‐Ping , Maser Edmund , Wu Xiao‐Lei 
Published: September 2015

Summaryn‐Alkanes are ubiquitous in nature and serve as important carbon sources for both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Hydroxylation of n‐alkanes by alkane monooxygenases is the first and most critical step in n‐alkane metabolism. However, regulation of alkane degradation genes in Gram‐positive bacteria remains poorly characterized. We therefore explored the transcriptional regulation of an alkB‐type alkane hydroxylase‐rubredoxin fusion gene, alkW1, from Dietzia sp. DQ12‐45‐1b. The alkW1 promoter was characterized and so was the putative TetR family regulator, AlkX, located downstream of alkW1 gene. We further identified an unusually long 48 bp inverted repeat upstream of alkW1 and demonstrated the binding of AlkX to this operator. Analytical ultracentrifugation and microcalorimetric results indicated that AlkX formed stable dimers in solution and two dimers bound to one operator in a positive cooperative fashion characterized by a Hill coefficient of 1.64 (± 0.03) [kD = 1.06 (± 0.16) μM, kD′ = 0.05 (± 0.01) μM]. However, the DNA‐binding affinity was disrupted in the presence of long‐chain fatty acids (C10–C24), suggesting that AlkX can sense the concentrations of n‐alkane degradation metabolites. A model was therefore proposed where AlkX controls alkW1 expression in a metabolite‐dependent manner. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the alkane hydroxylase gene regulation mechanism may be common among Actinobacteria.
Resistance to Streptomyces turgidiscabies in potato involves an early and sustained transcriptional reprogramming at initial stages of tuber formation
Authors: Dees Merete Wiken , Lysøe Erik , Alsheikh Muath , Davik Jahn , Brurberg May Bente 
Published: September 2015

SummaryCommon scab, caused by species from the bacterial genus Streptomyces, is an important disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum) crops worldwide. Early tuberization is a critical period for pathogen infection; hence, studies of host gene expression responses during this developmental stage can be important to expand our understanding of the infection process and to identify putative resistance genes. In an infection experiment with the highly susceptible potato cultivar Saturna and the relatively resistant cultivar Beate, transcription profiles were obtained by RNA sequencing at two developmental stages: the early hook stage and the early tuber formation stage. Our results indicate that ‘Beate’ mounts an early and sustained response to infection by S. turgidiscabies, whereas the defence response by ‘Saturna’ ceases before the early tuber formation stage. Most pronounced were the putative candidate defence‐associated genes uniquely expressed in ‘Beate’. We observed an increase in alternative splicing on pathogen infection at the early hook stage for both cultivars. A significant down‐regulation of genes involved in the highly energy‐demanding process of ribosome biogenesis was observed for the infected ‘Beate’ plants at the early hook stage, which may indicate an allocation of resources that favours the expression of defence‐related genes.
Nationalism and revolution: friends or foes?
Authors: Kumar Krishan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNationalism and revolution have generally been held to go together. Many nation‐states have had their origins in revolution, from theAmericans in the 18th century to a host ofThirdWorld nation‐states in the 20th century. Generally, both modern revolutions and modern nationalism have the same origins, in 18th centuryEnlightenment thought. But this paper argues that, despite this common origin, the principles of revolution and nationalism are divergent, and can set one against the other. Revolutions emphasise freedom and equality; nationalism emphasises integration and unification. These principles can clash, though not inevitably and not always. The paper examines the 1789FrenchRevolution, the 1848 revolutions and the 1917Russian revolution. It shows that in the first two cases, revolutionary aspirations came up against and were eventually displaced by nationalist aims. In the case of 1917, revolution paradoxically, and unintentionally, institutionalised nationalism. These examples show that, though linked at some high level of modern thought, revolution and nationalism express different and at times divergent strands of modernity.
Cultural legacies and electoral performance of ethnic minority parties in post‐communist Europe
Authors: Bilinski Adam 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough there are numerous contributions on ethnic electoral politics, relatively little research has been devoted to explain the scope of success of ethnic minority parties. This article addresses the issue within the bounds of post‐communist Europe, paying particular attention to the effect of cultural legacies. It was confirmed, first of all, that ethnic parties are likely to emerge only if their titular minority has a number of voters larger than what is necessary to obtain parliamentary representation. Otherwise, the most successful were the ethnic parties representing the minorities characterised by legacy of regional domination, that is, those whose members had once enjoyed a dominant position as a ruling nation on a given territory (e.g. Hungarians in Slovakia). The second‐successful were the parties representing homeland minorities, that is, those which have resided on a given area for more than two centuries, but have never been members of a ruling nation. The parties representing diaspora or immigrant minorities were the least successful. Further research could assess the importance of these factors in other regions of the world.
Prediction of susceptible biomarkers for end stage renal disease among North Indians
Authors: Prakash Swayam , Sarangi Aditya Narayan , Tripathi Gaurav , Sharma Raj Kumar , Agrawal Suraksha 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimInvolvement of pro‐inflammatory genes has been correlated with basic kidney diseases and end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, results at odds were often noted from such independent association studies. This study proposes a genome wide analysis approach to predict ESRD risk associated genes.MethodsWe included 42 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing association among north Indian ESRD cases and controls. ESRD cases comprised chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN), hypertension (HTN) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Genotyping data obtained from our prior published reports were compared with Genome‐Wide Association Studies (GWAS) SNPs retrieved from HapMap and GWASCentral databases using R‐statistical package SNPAssoc. Linkage disequilibrium (LD), gene–gene interaction, classification and regression tree (CART) and pathway analysis were carried out in the present study supplemented with IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels estimation using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsComparison of genotyping data with GWAS SNPs revealed significant associations for interleukin (IL)1‐RN, IL‐6, MTHFR, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and CCR3 genes with ESRD. Nine SNPs were commonly associated with CGN, CIN, HTN, ADPKD and ESRD. LD (D = 0.9) and gene‐gene interaction (P = 0.0002) analyses revealed significant associations for IL‐6 and TNF‐α genes. In a consistent manner, CART analysis and functional analysis servers predict predisposing effects for TNF‐α and IL‐6 with ESRD. Finally, higher body circulating levels were observed for mutant TNF‐α and IL‐6 alleles among ESRD.ConclusionThe study indicates significance for IL‐6 and TNF‐α gene with basic kidney diseases and ESRD. Extensive statistical tests, pathway analysis and functional assays also reflect attenuated level of significance for these SNPs. In future these may be brought from bench side to clinical practice as diagnostic biomarkers upon external and prospective replication and confirmation among other cohorts.