bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, structural and nanomechanical properties of cobalt based thin films
Authors: Koumoulos Elias P. , Tsikourkitoudi Vasiliki P. , Kartsonakis Ioannis A. , Markakis Vassileios E. , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Hristoforou Evangelos , Charitidis Costas A. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to produce cobalt (Co)-based thin films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique and then to evaluate structural and mechanical integrity.

Design/methodology/approach
– Co-based thin films were produced by metalorganic CVD technique. Boronizing, carburization and nitridation of the produced Co thin films were accomplished through a post-treatment stage of thermal diffusion into as-deposited Co thin films, in order to produce cobalt boride (Co2B), cobalt carbide and cobalt nitride thin films in the surface layer of Co. The surface topography and the crystal structure of the produced thin films were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The mechanical integrity of the produced thin films was evaluated through nanoindentation technique.

Findings
– The obtained results indicate that Co2B thin film exhibits the highest nanomechanical properties (i.e. H and E), while Co thin film has enhanced plasticity. The cobalt oxide thin film exhibits higher resistance to wear in comparison to the cobalt thin film, a fact that is confirmed by the nanoscratch analysis showing lower coefficient of friction for the oxide.

Originality/value
– This work is original.
Wayback machine: reincarnation to vanished online citations
Authors: Kumar B T Sampath , Vinay Kumar D , Prithviraj K.R. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to know the rate of loss of online citations used as references in scholarly journals. It also indented to recover the vanished online citations using Wayback Machine and also to calculate the half-life period of online citations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study selected three journals published by Emerald publication. All 389 articles published in these three scholarly journals were selected. A total of 15,211 citations were extracted of which 13,281 were print citations and only 1,930 were online citations. The online citations so extracted were then tested to determine whether they were active or missing on the Web. W3C Link Checker was used to check the existence of online citations. The online citations which got HTTP error message while testing for its accessibility were then entered in to the search box of the Wayback Machine to recover vanished online citations.

Findings
– Study found that only 12.69 percent (1,930 out of 15,211) citations were online citations and the percentage of online citations varied from a low of 9.41 in the year 2011 to high of 17.52 in the year 2009. Another notable finding of the research was that 30.98 percent of online citations were not accessible (vanished) and remaining 69.02 percent of online citations were still accessible (active). The HTTP 404 error message – “page not found” was the overwhelming message encountered and represented 62.98 percent of all HTTP error message. It was found that the Wayback Machine had archived only 48.33 percent of the vanished web pages, leaving 51.67 percent still unavailable. The half-life of online citations was increased from 5.40 years to 11.73 years after recovering the vanished online citations.

Originality/value
– This is a systematic and in-depth study on recovery of vanished online citations cited in journals articles spanning a period of five years. The findings of the study will be helpful to researchers, authors, publishers, and editorial staff to recover vanishing online citations using Wayback Machine.
Security and the social mind: attachment and therapeutic communities
Authors: Adshead Gwen 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the basic features of attachment theory, and explore how they relate to the development of the “social mind” and the work of therapeutic communities (TC).

Design/methodology/approach
– The author describes the essentials of attachment theory in humans; and the development of both secure and insecure states of mind. The author will set out how insecure attachment systems are associated with deficits in mentalising processes which are fundamental to the activity of the social mind.

Findings
– The author suggests how attachment to a TC can promote mentalising processes. The author draws on the work of other speakers in the conclusions about how to “grow” secure minds and societies.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper is a brief over view only and does not address attachment process to TC in any depth.

Practical implications
– Attachment theory could help both service users and therapists who work in TCs understand some of the difficulties people have in engaging at the start. Attachment theory also gives a guide to what a “good enough” experience in a TC might look like.

Originality/value
– There is little existing discussion of the application of attachment theory to TCs.
Communication – a culture of open dialogue
Authors: Jackson Val , Perry Alex 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– Open dialogue (OD) is an innovative approach to mental health crises based on close collaboration between services and an individual’s family and social network. The approach was originally designed by Jaakko Seikkula and his colleagues in Tornio, Finland and is now being developed in many countries around the world, in particular Denmark, Germany, Norway and the USA. OD describes both a way of being with families and also a way of organising services aimed at maximising communication and connection. The purpose of this paper is to describe the principles of OD, it’s development in Finland and here in the UK.Design/methodology/approach– This paper is a description of the principles and outcomes of OD as practised in Western Finland. It also describes the recent developments in the UK using the approach.Findings– This paper is descriptive of the model and is not of a research project.Originality/value– Whilst care must be taken in assuming that these remarkable results are transferable to the UK, other countries and several Mental Health trusts in England are actively engaged with developing an OD approach.
Exploration of a standard treatment for Buruli ulcer through a comprehensive analysis of all cases diagnosed in Japan
Authors: Sugawara Mariko , Ishii Norihisa , Nakanaga Kazue , Suzuki Koichi , Umebayashi Yoshihiro , Makigami Kuniko , Aihara Michiko 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBuruli ulcer (BU) is a refractory skin ulcer caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans or M. ulcerans ssp. shinshuense, a subspecies thought to have originated in Japan or elsewhere in Asia. Although BU occurs most frequently in tropical and subtropical areas such as Africa and Australia, the occurrence in Japan has gradually increased in recent years. The World Health Organization recommends multidrug therapy consisting of a combination of oral rifampicin (RFP) and i.m. streptomycin (SM) for the treatment of BU. However, surgical interventions are often required when chemotherapy alone is ineffective. As a first step in developing a standardized regimen for BU treatment in Japan, we analyzed detailed records of treatments and prognoses in 40 of the 44 BU cases that have been diagnosed in Japan. We found that a combination of RFP (450 mg/day), levofloxacin (LVFX; 500 mg/day) and clarithromycin (CAM; at a dose of 800 mg/day instead of 400 mg/day) was superior to other chemotherapies performed in Japan. This simple treatment with oral medication increases the probability of patient adherence, and may often eliminate the need for surgery.
Case of clear cell sarcoma in the left buttock in which serum neuron‐specific enolase was a useful marker for monitoring disease progression
Authors: Takamura Saori , Teraki Yuichi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report a case of clear cell sarcoma (CCS) in the left buttock in which serum neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) was useful as a biomarker of CCS progression. A 40‐year‐old man had a subcutaneous tumor, 1.7 cm in diameter, in the left buttock. Histopathology revealed that the tumor consisted of nests of polygonal or spindle‐shaped cells with abundant clear cytoplasm delineated by fibrous septa in the subcutaneous tissue. There was cellular atypia but no melanin deposits. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for HMB‐45, Melan‐A, S‐100 protein and NSE. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated Ewing's sarcoma oncogene–activating transcription factor 1 fusion transcripts in the tumor cells. CCS was diagnosed. There was no metastasis to the lymph nodes and viscera, and the patient was treated by surgical wide resection. The serum NSE levels increased before detection of distant metastasis and further increased in parallel with the expansion of metastasis. The present case suggests that serum NSE could be used as a biochemical marker in the clinical follow up of patients with CCS.
Food availability, energetic constraints and reproductive development in a wild seasonally breeding songbird
Authors: Davies Scott , Cros Thomas , Richard Damien , Meddle Simone L. , Tsutsui Kazuyoshi , Deviche Pierre 
Published: March 2015

Summary

In many organisms, food availability is a proximate cue that synchronizes seasonal development of the reproductive system with optimal environmental conditions. Growth of the gonads and secondary sexual characteristics is orchestrated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. However, our understanding of the physiological mechanisms by which food availability modulates activity of the HPG axis is limited.

It is thought that many factors, including energetic status, modulate seasonal reproductive activation. We tested the hypothesis that food availability modulates the activity of the HPG axis in a songbird. Specifically, we food‐restricted captive adult male Abert's Towhees Melozone aberti for 2 or 4 weeks during photoinduced reproductive development. A third group (control) received ad libitum food throughout. We measured multiple aspects of the reproductive system including endocrine activity of all three levels of the HPG axis [i.e. hypothalamic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone‐I (GnRH‐I), plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T)], and gonad morphology. Furthermore, because gonadotropin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY; a potent orexigenic peptide) potentially integrate information on food availability into seasonal reproductive development, we also measured the brain levels of these peptides.

At the hypothalamic level, we detected no effect of food restriction on immunoreactive (ir) GnRH‐I, but the duration of food restriction was inversely related to the size of ir‐GnIH perikarya. Furthermore, the number of ir‐NPY cells was higher in food‐restricted than control birds. Food restriction did not influence photoinduced testicular growth, but decreased plasma LH and T, and width of the cloacal protuberance, an androgen‐sensitive secondary sexual characteristic. Returning birds to ad libitum food availability had no effect on plasma LH or T, but caused the cloacal protuberance to rapidly increase in size to that of ad libitum‐fed birds.

Our results support the tenet that food availability modulates photoinduced reproductive activation. However, they also suggest that this modulation is complex and depends upon the level of the HPG axis considered. At the hypothalamic level, our results are consistent with a role for the GnIH and NPY systems in integrating information on energetic status. There also appears to be a role for endocrine function at the anterior pituitary gland and testicular levels in modulating reproductive development in the light of energetic status and independently of testicular growth.
Stern Review 2.0? The Report of the Global Commission on the Economy and Climate
Authors: Lockwood Matthew 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEight years after the launch of the Stern Review of the economics of climate change, a new major report on economic growth and climate change (Better Growth, Better Climate) has been published by a Global Commission on the Economy and Climate, chaired by Nicholas Stern. While this comprehensive review of recent evidence has some overlap with the original Stern Review, it focuses more on the short‐term costs and benefits of action needed to reduce carbon emissions in specific parts of the economy such as cities, energy and agriculture. Perhaps the most noted conclusion of the report is that policies which governments should be pursuing anyway, because they will reduce pollution, improve health, raise productivity and reduce congestion, will cut carbon emission by between 50 and 90 per cent of what is needed to get to a 2°C pathway. This is an important report that will have considerable influence, although it has had lower public visibility than the original Stern Review. However, it also points to the need for a better understanding of the politics of climate policy, and why the opportunities to adopt policies that have multiple long‐term public benefits do not get taken. While Better Growth, Better Climate does have a chapter on the political economy of change, the analysis is limited, and could be deepened by bringing in the growing literature on the politics of climate policy.
‘Together in the National Interest’: The Rhetoric of Unity and the Formation of the Cameron–Clegg Government
Authors: Atkins Judi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFollowing the formation of the Conservative–Liberal Democrat government in May 2010, David Cameron and Nick Clegg sought to persuade party members, the electorate and a sceptical media that their partnership would hold together for the duration of the parliament. Taking as its starting point Kenneth Burke's theory of rhetoric as identification, this article explores the strategies employed by senior Coalition figures to construct and present an image of unity to these different audiences. Of particular concern are appeals to the parties’ shared values and to the ‘national interest’, as well as the narrative of Britain's ‘debt crisis’. This narrative served to minimise inter‐party divisions by inviting MPs and supporters to unite behind the cause of deficit reduction, in opposition to the ‘fiscally irresponsible’ Labour party that had allegedly wrecked the economy. The article concludes by reflecting on the lessons for the partners in a future UK coalition government.
The ‘Incredible Wrongness’ of NikitaKhrushchev: TheCIAand theCuban Missile Crisis
Authors: Scott Len 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe role of theCIAin theCuban Missile Crisis was of crucial importance to events and decisions. This article explores and evaluates the activities of theCIAin the crisis. It examines how intelligence‐gathering and analysis were conducted and how assessments and information were provided to decision‐makers. The study of the crisis illuminates many aspects of intelligence. On some of these there remain debates. The significance ofCIAcovert action againstCuba prior toOctober 1962, for example, is explored. Another important focus is the mistaken assessment of theUSintelligence community that the Soviets were not going to deploy nuclear missiles inCuba. The nature and significance of this conclusion is considered, along with the views of the Director of Central Intelligence,JohnMcCone, who contrary to his analysts, believedKhrushchev would deploy nuclear missiles. The view that theCIAplayed a successful part in monitoring theSoviet military build‐up after the discovery of medium‐range ballistic missiles is analysed. The lack of success in identifyingSoviet tactical nuclear weapons is also considered. The article draws upon an extensive corpus of scholarship on the crisis, as well as declassified material and reflections of former officials. Research into the crisis extends toSoviet and other decision‐makers and thus helps facilitate a more genuinely international intelligence history of the Cold War. The article proffers a reflective and nuanced assessment that underlines the achievements as well as the shortcomings of theCIAat this most crucial moment in the Cold War.
‘Do We Still Need the CIA?’ Daniel Patrick Moynihan, the Central Intelligence Agency and US Foreign Policy
Authors: McGarr Paul 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn May 1991, writing in the op‐ed column of the New York Times, the US Senator for New York, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, called for the Central Intelligence Agency to be disbanded. Arguing that the CIA represented an historical anachronism that had outlived its usefulness to American foreign policy‐makers, Moynihan proposed that the Agency should be stripped of its autonomy and have its intelligence functions subsumed by the Department of State. Moynihan's rhetorical assault on the CIA marked the opening salvo in a protracted campaign that, over the following decade, until his death in March 2003, would see the one‐time member of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence lobby relentlessly for reform of America's intelligence community and against pervasive official secrecy. To date, Moynihan's evangelical fervour in championing a more open intelligence paradigm, which came to incorporate the drafting of congressional bills, the chairmanship of a bipartisan commission on government secrecy, the publication of a book, and innumerable speeches and articles, has been interpreted in a narrow personal and political context. Commentators have tended to characterize Moynihan's turn against the CIA, and towards government transparency as symptomatic of individual eccentricity, disenchantment with purported Agency excesses during the Reagan administration, and ill‐judged post‐Cold War hubris. This article breaks new ground by reframing and reperiodizing Moynihan's relationship with intelligence. It suggests that Moynihan's attitudes to intelligence and state secrecy were formulated much earlier than has hitherto been acknowledged, and in an environment far removed from Washington's corridors of power. Specifically, the essay relocates Moynihan's emergence as an advocate of intelligence reform in the global political turmoil of the early 1970s when, as Richard Nixon's ambassador to India, he was afforded ample scope to assess the CIA's utility as an instrument of American diplomacy.
Comparison of the finger counting method, the Broselow tape and common weight estimation formulae in Filipino children after Typhoon Haiyan
Authors: Young Timothy P , Washington Omar , Flanery Andrew , Guptill Mindi , Reibling Ellen T , Brown Lance , Barcega Besh 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to evaluate commonly used paediatric weight estimation techniques in a sample of children in the Philippines.MethodsWe prospectively collected age, height and weight data for a sample of 207 children aged 1–9 years seen during a medical aid trip. Weights were estimated using the finger counting method, the Broselow method and four formulae. Bland–Altman analysis was performed to evaluate agreement with measured weight.ResultsMean difference and range of agreement in kilograms were as follows: 0.6 (95% CI 0.1–1.1) and 14.9 (95% CI 13.1–16.7) for the Broselow method; 1.1 (95% CI 0.5–1.7) and 17.3 (95% CI 15.2–19.3) for the traditional APLS formula; 3.1 (95% CI 2.4–3.7) and 18.6 (95% CI 16.4–20.8) for the finger counting method; 4.0 (95% CI 3.2–4.8) and 23.1 (95% CI 20.3–25.8) for the updated APLS method; 5.1 (95% CI 4.4–5.8) and 21.1 (95% CI 18.6–23.6) for the Luscombe formula; and 5.3 (95% CI 4.5–6.1) and 22.5 (95% CI 20–25.2) for the Best Guess formulae.ConclusionsThe Broselow tape and the traditional APLS formula performed best in our sample. The finger counting method also outperformed newer weight estimation formulae. ‘Updated’ age‐based formulae created recently in developed countries should not be used in disaster relief efforts in the Philippines. Caution should be used when applying these formulae to other developing countries and in disaster response.
Inter‐rater reliability and validity of the Ministry of Health of Turkey's mandatory emergency triage instrument
Authors: Erimşah M Emre , Yaka Elif , Yilmaz Serkan , Kama Ahmet , Pekdemir Murat 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesIn 2009, the Ministry of Health in Turkey mandated a three‐level emergency triage scale coded with the colours red, yellow and green in descending order of acuity. This study was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of this mandatory emergency triage instrument in Turkey.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted in the ED of an academic hospital with 40 000 presentations per year. The reliability assessment was between triage of a real life patient by an emergency medical technician vs the consensus of the investigators based on retrospective medical record review. The inter‐rater agreement method with quadratic weighted kappa analysis was used. The instrument's validity was measured by ED length of stay, admission rates, in‐hospital mortality, ED resource utilisation and lifesaving intervention.ResultsA total of 618 patients were assigned to either red (n = 126), yellow (n = 352), or green (n = 140) by acuity level at triage. In this study, the triage scale demonstrated ‘substantial’ reliability with a quadratic weighted kappa value of 0.725 (95% CI 0.68–0.77). It also suggested validity regarding all the measured surrogate markers, as they were strongly associated with acuity level (P < 0.001 for each). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between triage acuity and total number of used resources was 0.482 (95% CI 0.42–0.54).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates substantial reliability of Turkey's Ministry of Health's mandatory three‐level triage instrument. Significant association was also observed between the triage levels and the validity parameters measured in the study.
Is There a Potential Consumer Market for Low‐Sodium Fermented Sausages?
Authors: Dos Santos Bibiana A. , Campagnol Paulo C. B. , da Cruz Adriano G. , Morgano Marcelo A. , Wagner Roger , Pollonio Marise A. R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe NaCl levels in dry fermented sausages were reduced by 50% or were substituted with KCl, CaCl2, or a blend of KCl and CaCl2 (1:1). The quality, safety, and the potential consumer market of dry fermented sausages were assessed. Neither 50% reduction of the NaCl content nor the substitution of 50% of the NaCl with KCl influenced the fermentation and maturation process. However, when CaCl2 was used as the substitute salt (50%), there was a significant decrease in pH, an increase in the water activity, and a decrease in lactic acid and micrococcus bacterial counts. Overall, the sensory acceptance decreased in dry fermented sausages with reduced sodium content. However, cluster analysis and internal preference mapping revealed potential for commercialization of samples with 50% of the NaCl content substituted with KCl or with a mixture of KCl and CaCl2 (1:1).
Nursing Outcomes for the Diagnosis Impaired Tissue Integrity (00044) in Adults With Pressure Ulcer
Authors: Menna Barreto Luciana Nabinger , Swanson Elizabeth A. , de Abreu Almeida Miriam 
Published: March 2015

PurposeThe study aims to validate nursing outcomes from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) related to the nursing diagnosis of impaired tissue integrity (00044) in adults with pressure ulcer (PU).MethodsIt was a consensus validation study using the focus group technique. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and NOCs that obtained 100% consensus were considered validated.FindingsOf the 16 NOCs evaluated, nine were validated.ConclusionsThe NOCs validated may identify the effectiveness, impact, and quality of interventions, making it possible to maintain or change the care planning of PU patients.Implications for Nursing PracticeThis work may serve to contribute to the future development of NOC, making it possible to evaluate the outcomes of PU patients in terms of the interventions performed in nursing practice.