bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating total testosterone and PSA concentrations in a nationally representative sample of men without a diagnosis of prostate cancer
Authors: Peskoe Sarah B. , Joshu Corinne E. , Rohrmann Sabine , McGlynn Katherine A. , Nyante Sarah J. , Bradwin Gary , Dobs Adrian S. , Kanarek Norma , Nelson William G. , Platz Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDThe association between serum sex steroid hormones and PSA in a general population has not been described.METHODSIncluded were 378 men aged 40–85 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2001–2004, who did not have a prostate cancer diagnosis, and had not had a recent biopsy, rectal examination, cystoscopy, or prostate infection or inflammation. Serum total PSA, total testosterone, androstanediol glucuronide (3α‐diol‐G), estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were previously measured. Free testosterone was estimated by mass action. We applied sampling weights and calculated geometric mean PSA concentration by hormone quintiles adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, and also for body mass index, waist circumference, smoking, diabetes, and mutually for hormones. We estimated the OR of PSA ≥2.5 ng/ml per hormone quintile using logistic regression.RESULTSGeometric mean PSA increased across testosterone quintiles after age and race/ethnicity (Q1: 0.80, Q5: 1.14 ng/ml; P‐trend = 0.002) and multivariable (Q1: 0.79, Q5: 1.16 ng/ml; P‐trend = 0.02) adjustment; patterns were similar for free testosterone and 3α‐diol‐G. SHBG was inversely associated with PSA only after multivariable adjustment (Q1: 1.32, Q5: 0.82 nmol/L; P‐trend = 0.01). Estradiol and PSA were not associated. The OR of PSA ≥2.5 ng/ml was 1.54 (95%CI 1.18–2.01) per testosterone quintile after age and race/ethnicity adjustment, and 1.78 (95%CI 1.16–2.73) after multivariable adjustment.CONCLUSIONSIn this nationally representative sample, men with higher testosterone had higher PSA even after taking into account other hormones and modifiable factors. Men with higher SHBG had lower PSA, but only after multivariable adjustment. Prostate 75: 1167–1176, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the molecular basis of action of ring D aromatic steroidal antiestrogens
Authors: Alvarez Lautaro D. , Veleiro Adriana S. , Burton Gerardo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTSalpichrolides are natural plant steroids that contain an unusual six‐membered aromatic ring D. We recently reported that some of these compounds, and certain analogs with a simplified side chain, exhibited antagonist effects toward the human estrogen receptor (ER), a nuclear receptor whose endogenous ligand has an aromatic A ring (estradiol). Drugs acting through the inhibition or modulation of ERs are frequently used as a hormonal therapy for ER(+) breast cancer. Previous results suggested that the aromatic D ring was a key structural motif for the observed activity; thus, this modified steroid nucleus may provide a new scaffold for the design of novel antiestrogens. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation we have modeled the binding mode of the natural salpichrolide A and a synthetic analog with an aromatic D ring within the ERα. These results taken together with the calculated energetic contributions associated to the different ligand‐binding modes are consistent with a preferred inverted orientation of the steroids in the ligand‐binding pocket with the aromatic ring D occupying a position similar to that observed for the A ring of estradiol. Major changes in both dynamical behavior and global positioning of H11 caused by the loss of the ligand–His524 interaction might explain, at least in part, the molecular basis of the antagonism exhibited by these compounds. Using steered MD we also found a putative unbinding pathway for the steroidal ligands through a cavity formed by residues in H3, H7, and H11, which requires only minor changes in the overall receptor conformation. Proteins 2015; 83:1297–1306. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonstationary H∞ dynamic output feedback control for discrete‐time Markov jump linear systems with actuator and sensor saturations
Authors: Zhu Yanzheng , Zhang Lixian , Basin Michael V. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the nonstationary dynamic output feedback control problem for a class of discrete‐time Markov jump linear systems (MJLSs) under simultaneous consideration of actuator and sensor saturations. The so‐called nonstationary controllers dominated by two other different piecewise‐stationary Markov chains are introduced, making the designed controllers not only mode‐dependent but also dependent on other variations associated with the mode transitions in the original MJLSs. The sufficient conditions formulated in terms of bilinear matrix inequalities for the H∞ control problem are established such that the resulting closed‐loop system is stochastically stable and achieves a prescribed H∞ noise attenuation level. A suboptimal algorithm with line search is exploited to solve for the associated controller gains. Effectiveness of the developed theoretical results is verified via a numerical example. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of BaAgTbS3, BaCuGdTe3, BaCuTbTe3, BaAgTbTe3, and CsAgUTe3
Authors: Prakash Jai , Mesbah Adel , Beard Jessica C. , Ibers James A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFive new quaternary chalcogenides of the 1113 family, namely BaAgTbS3, BaCuGdTe3, BaCuTbTe3, BaAgTbTe3, and CsAgUTe3, were synthesized by the reactions of the elements at 1173–1273 K. For CsAgUTe3 CsCl flux was used. Their crystal structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The sulfide BaAgTbS3 crystallizes in the BaAgErS3 structure type in the monoclinic space group C3,2h‐C2/m, whereas the tellurides BaCuGdTe3, BaCuTbTe3, BaAgTbTe3, and CsAgUTe3 crystallize in the KCuZrS3 structure type in the orthorhombic space group D1,27,h‐Cmcm. The BaAgTbS3 structure consists of edge‐sharing [TbS69–] octahedra and [AgS59–] trigonal pyramids. The connectivity of these polyhedra creates channels that are occupied by Ba atoms. The telluride structure features 2∞[MLnTe32–] layers for BaCuGdTe3, BaCuTbTe3, BaAgTbTe3, and 2∞[AgUTe31–] layers for CsAgUTe3. These layers comprise [MTe4] tetrahedra and [LnTe6] or [UTe6] octahedra. Ba or Cs atoms separate these layers. As there are no short Q···Q (Q = S or Te) interactions these compounds achieve charge balance as Ba2+M+Ln3+(Q2–)3 (Q = S and Te) and Cs+Ag+U4+(Te2–)3.
Intra‐specific variations in reaction norms of predator‐induced polyphenism in the water flea Daphnia pulex
Authors: Miyakawa Hitoshi , Sugimoto Naoki , Kohyama Tetsuo I. , Iguchi Taisen , Miura Toru 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is considered an important factor leading to phenotypic evolution through adaptations to changing environments. Interactions between environmental inputs and expressed phenotypes can be evaluated as “reaction norms”. Comparisons of these reaction norms among geographically distinct populations may provide evidence for genetic diversity and, moreover, important clues into understanding how the interactions affect evolutionary processes. The water flea Daphnia pulex exhibits predator‐induced polyphenism in response to a kairomone released by predatory phantom midge larvae (Chaoborus spp.). The polyphenism, a defensive structure formed on the head that enables juvenile larvae to avoid predation, is referred to as neckteeth. Differences in shape and/or plasticity of defensive structures have also been reported among related Daphnia species, suggesting that the species‐specific variation in defensive morphology is derived from intra‐specific differences in reaction norms. By determining reaction norms based on the incidence and number of neckteeth, we clarified differences in patterns of neckteeth formation in response to varying concentrations of Chaoborus kairomone. We then compared these differences among populations (strains) collected from six locations in Japan. Our findings showed that the reaction norms of both traits differed among strains. Furthermore, a molecular phylogeny using mitochondrial ND5 and COI sequences suggested that differences in the reaction norms of Japanese strains corresponded to their genetically different lineages, which likely originated from North American populations that were probably introduced to Japan independently.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) inhibitors from natural sources: a medicinal chemistry perspective
Authors: Bhakat Soumendranath , Soliman Mahmoud E. S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is one of the re-emerging “neglected” tropical diseases whose recent outbreak affected not only Africa and South-East Asia but also several parts of America and Europe. To date, despite its serious nature, no antivirals or vaccines were developed in order to counter this resurgent infectious disease. The recent advancement in crystallography and availability of crystal structures of certain domains of CHIKV initiates the development of anti-CHIKV agents using structure-based drug design or synthetic medicinal chemistry approach. Despite the fact that almost 50 % of the new chemical entities against several biological targets were either obtained from natural products or natural product analogues, a very humble effort was directed towards identification of novel CHIKV inhibitors from natural products. In this review, besides a brief overview on CHIKV as well as the nature as a source of medicines, we highlight the current progress and future steps towards the discovery of CHIKV inhibitors from natural products. This report could pave the road towards the design of novel semi-synthetic derivatives with enhanced anti-viral activities.

Graphical Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory activity of dimeric dihydrochalcone glycosides from flowers of Helichrysum arenarium
Authors: Morikawa Toshio , Ninomiya Kiyofumi , Akaki Junji , Kakihara Namiko , Kuramoto Hiroyuki , Matsumoto Yurie , Hayakawa Takao , Muraoka Osamu , Wang Li-Bo , Wu Li-Jun , Nakamura Seikou , Yoshikawa Masayuki , Matsuda Hisashi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A methanol extract of everlasting flowers of Helichrysum arenarium L. Moench (Asteraceae) was found to inhibit the increase in blood glucose elevation in sucrose-loaded mice at 500 mg/kg p.o. The methanol extract also inhibited the enzymatic activity against dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, IC50 = 41.2 μg/ml), but did not show intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. From the extract, three new dimeric dihydrochalcone glycosides, arenariumosides V–VII (2–4), were isolated, and the stereostructures were elucidated based on their spectroscopic properties and chemical evidence. Of the constituents, several flavonoid constituents, including 2–4, were isolated, and these isolated constituents were investigated for their DPP-IV inhibitory effects. Among them, chalconaringenin 2′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (16, IC50 = 23.1 μM) and aureusidin 6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (35, 24.3 μM) showed relatively strong inhibitory activities.
Evaluation of the Triglyceride Composition of Pomegranate Seed Oil by RP‐HPLC Followed by GC‐MS
Authors: Topkafa Mustafa , Kara Huseyin , Sherazi Syed Tufail Hussain 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTriglyceride composition and fatty acid profiles of pomegranate seed oil were evaluated by newly developed methods in reverse‐phase‐high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC), respectively. Different compositions of the mobile phase (acetone and acetonitrile) and flow rates for the HPLC system were used to obtain better separation for accurate quantitative analysis. Triglycerides with conjugated fatty acids (CLnAs) were eluted in order of the polarity of their geometrical isomers (c, t, c < t, t, c < t, t, t). The dominant triglyceride was found to be PuPuPu (32.99 %) in pomegranate seed oil, followed by PuPuCa and PuCaCa containing punicic acid and catalpic acid with total triglyceridelevels of 27.72 and 10.11 %, respectively. For fatty acid composition analysis, triglyceride fractions were derivatized into their respective methylesters which were injected into gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) to identify and gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) to quantify the conjugated fatty acids of each fraction of triglycerides. Punicic acid was found to be dominant (76.57 %) followed by catalpic acid (6.47 %) and β‐eleotearic acid (1.45 %). Pomegranate seed contained greater amounts of conjugated linolenic acids. These results showed that the present study provides more information about the composition of the triglyceride and fatty acid profiles of pomegranate seed oil compared to the reported studies. Therefore, the developed methods in this study can be used for the identification of the triglyceride and fatty acid composition for pomegranate seed oils and some such specials edible oils including CLnA isomers.
Design of New Camelina Oil‐Based Hydrophilic Monomers for Novel Polymeric Materials
Authors: Balanuca Brindusa , Stan Raluca , Hanganu Anamaria , Lungu Adriana , Iovu Horia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTriglyceride‐based monomers represent a competitive alternative to petrochemical resources in the macromolecular compounds area. In the current study, several types of hydrophilic camelina oil (CO)‐based monomers were synthesized using tunable experimental protocols that involve three different steps: first—conversion of the double bonds into epoxy rings, second—partial opening of the epoxy rings and methacrylic groups grafting and last—opening of the unreacted epoxy rings and hydrophilic units attaching. 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and FTIR spectroscopy demonstrate the success of the CO functionalization with polymerizable and hydrophilic moieties—polyethylene glycol units—with different molecular weights, exhibiting self‐emulsifiable properties. Several bulk and emulsion polymerization tests were performed for the synthesized monomers and their ability to build polymer networks using different photo‐chemical procedures (using visible and UV radiations respectively) was demonstrated, without additional surfactants. FTIR spectroscopy indicates the polymerization success by the disappearance of the specific bands assigned to the double bonds from methacrylic groups and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that the emulsion polymerization leads to materials with an improved thermostability.
A new fossil bristle worm (Annelida: Polychaeta: Aphroditiformia) from the late Cretaceous of tropical America
Authors: Luque Javier , Hourdez Stéphane , Vinn Olev 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA new species of aphroditiform polychaete, Protopholoe colombiana, is described from the Coniacian of Colombia, South America, increasing the number of species of this genus known from the fossil record to two. This is the first occurrence of fossil soft-bodied polychaetes in the Tropical Americas, and indicates that aphroditiforms were spread worldwide during the Mesozoic.
Observational Constraints on the Progenitors of Core-Collapse Supernovae: The Case for Missing High-Mass Stars
Authors: Smartt S. J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOver the last 15 years, the supernova community has endeavoured to directly identify progenitor stars for core-collapse supernovae discovered in nearby galaxies. These precursors are often visible as resolved stars in high-resolution images from space-and ground-based telescopes. The discovery rate of progenitor stars is limited by the local supernova rate and the availability and depth of archive images of galaxies, with 18 detections of precursor objects and 27 upper limits. This review compiles these results (from 1999 to 2013) in a distance-limited sample and discusses the implications of the findings. The vast majority of the detections of progenitor stars are of type II-P, II-L, or IIb with one type Ib progenitor system detected and many more upper limits for progenitors of Ibc supernovae (14 in all). The data for these 45 supernovae progenitors illustrate a remarkable deficit of high-luminosity stars above an apparent limit of logL/L⊙≃ 5.1 dex. For a typical Salpeter initial mass function, one would expect to have found 13 high-luminosity and high-mass progenitors by now. There is, possibly, only one object in this time- and volume-limited sample that is unambiguously high-mass (the progenitor of SN2009ip) although the nature of that supernovae is still debated. The possible biases due to the influence of circumstellar dust, the luminosity analysis, and sample selection methods are reviewed. It does not appear likely that these can explain the missing high-mass progenitor stars. This review concludes that the community’s work to date shows that the observed populations of supernovae in the local Universe are not, on the whole, produced by high-mass (M≳ 18 M⊙) stars. Theoretical explosions of model stars also predict that black hole formation and failed supernovae tend to occur above an initial mass ofM≃ 18 M⊙. The models also suggest there is no simple single mass division for neutron star or black-hole formation and that there are islands of explodability for stars in the 8–120 M⊙range.The observational constraints are quite consistent with the bulk of stars aboveM≳ 18 M⊙collapsing to form black holes with no visible supernovae.
Predictors of Adherence in a Community-Based Tai Chi Program
Authors: Shah Suhayb , Ardern Chris , Tamim Hala 
Published: April 2015

RÉSUMÉCette étude a examiné les facteurs qui influent l'adhésion dans un programme de de tai-chi à 16 semaines parmi les adultes multi-ethniques d'âge moyen et plus âgés qui vivent dans un environnement faible socio-économique à Toronto. L'analyse a été basée sur des données recueillies auprès de trois cohortes du programme de tai-chi qui ont eu lieu à partir d'août 2009 à mars 2012. La variable principale de résultat, l'adhésion, a été mesurée par le nombre total de sessions suivies par chacun des participants. L'échantillon total était de 210 participants, avec un âge moyen de 68,1 ± 8,6. Basé sur le modèle de régression, l'adhésion a été associée de façon significative à l'âge plus avancé, au stress plus perçu, à l'enseignement supérieur, et aux scores mentales et physiques plus élevés de composants sur le Questionnaire Abrégée 36. Inversement, une faible observance était significativement associée à une activité physique hebdomadaire de base plus élevée. Nos résultats suggèrent que nous devrions cibler les personnes les moins instruites, à la santé mentale et physique médiocre, pour optimiser l'adhésion aux futurs programmes de tai-chi communautaires.
The PRC2-associated factor C17orf96 is a novel CpG island regulator in mouse ES cells
Authors: Liefke Robert , Shi Yang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCpG islands (CGIs) are key DNA regulatory elements in the vertebrate genome and are often found at gene promoters. In mammalian embryonic stem (ES) cells, CGIs are decorated by either the active or repressive histone marks, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, respectively, or by both modifications (‘bivalent domains’), but their precise regulation is incompletely understood. Remarkably, we find that the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-associated protein C17orf96 (a.k.a. esPRC2p48 and E130012A19Rik) is present at most CGIs in mouse ES cells. At PRC2-rich CGIs, loss of C17orf96 results in an increased chromatin binding of Suz12 and elevated H3K27me3 levels concomitant with gene repression. In contrast, at PRC2-poor CGIs, located at actively transcribed genes, C17orf96 colocalizes with RNA polymerase II and its depletion leads to a focusing of H3K4me3 in the core of CGIs. Our findings thus identify C17orf96 as a novel context-dependent CGI regulator.
Deep groundwater and potential subsurface habitats beneath an Antarctic dry valley
Authors: Mikucki J. A. , Auken E. , Tulaczyk S. , Virginia R. A. , Schamper C. , Sørensen K. I. , Doran P. T. , Dugan H. , Foley N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe occurrence of groundwater in Antarctica, particularly in the ice-free regions and along the coastal margins is poorly understood. Here we use an airborne transient electromagnetic (AEM) sensor to produce extensive imagery of resistivity beneath Taylor Valley. Regional-scale zones of low subsurface resistivity were detected that are inconsistent with the high resistivity of glacier ice or dry permafrost in this region. We interpret these results as an indication that liquid, with sufficiently high solute content, exists at temperatures well below freezing and considered within the range suitable for microbial life. These inferred brines are widespread within permafrost and extend below glaciers and lakes. One system emanates from below Taylor Glacier into Lake Bonney and a second system connects the ocean with the eastern 18 km of the valley. A connection between these two basins was not detected to the depth limitation of the AEM survey (∼350 m).
Preference, satisfaction and critical errors with Genuair and Breezhaler inhalers in patients with COPD: a randomised, cross-over, multicentre study
Authors: Pascual Sergi , Feimer Jan , De Soyza Anthony , Sauleda Roig Jaume , Haughney John , Padullés Laura , Seoane Beatriz , Rekeda Ludmyla , Ribera Anna , Chrystyn Henry 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background:
The specific attributes of inhaler devices can influence patient use, satisfaction and treatment compliance, and may ultimately impact on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Aims:
To assess patient preference, satisfaction and critical inhaler technique errors with Genuair (a multidose inhaler) and Breezhaler (a single-dose inhaler) after 2 weeks of daily use.

Methods:
Patients with COPD and moderate to severe airflow obstruction were randomised in a cross-over, open-label, multicentre study to consecutive once-daily inhalations of placebo via Genuair and Breezhaler, in addition to current COPD medication. The primary end point was the proportion of patients who preferred Genuair versus Breezhaler after 2 weeks (Patient Satisfaction and Preference Questionnaire). Other end points included overall satisfaction and correct use of the inhalers after 2 weeks, and willingness to continue with each device.

Results:
Of the 128 patients enrolled, 127 were included in the safety population (male n=91; mean age 67.6 years). Of the 110 of the 123 patients in the intent-to-treat population who indicated an inhaler preference, statistically significantly more patients preferred Genuair than Breezhaler (72.7 vs. 27.3%; P<0.001). Mean overall satisfaction scores were also greater for Genuair than for Breezhaler (5.9 vs. 5.3, respectively; P<0.001). After 2 weeks, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of patients who made ⩾1 critical inhaler technique error with Breezhaler than with Genuair (7.3 vs. 3.3%, respectively).

Conclusions:
Patient overall preference and satisfaction was significantly higher with Genuair compared with Breezhaler. The proportion of patients making critical inhaler technique errors was low with Genuair and Breezhaler.