bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PTPN22 Modulates Macrophage Polarization and Susceptibility to Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Colitis
Authors: Chang Hui-Hsin , Miaw Shi-Chuen , Tseng William , Sun Yi-Wei , Liu Chih-Chun , Tsao Hsiao-Wei , Ho I-Cheng 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
PTPN22, a protein tyrosine phosphatase expressed mainly in hematopoietic cells, has been linked to many autoimmune diseases. A C-to-T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 1858 of human PTPN22 cDNA decreases the risk of Crohn’s disease. However, the function of PTPN22 and the mechanism by which this SNP reduces the risk of Crohn’s disease are poorly understood. We find that PTPN22 is expressed in macrophages. It suppresses M1 macrophage polarization and reciprocally promotes the expression of M2-associated genes. PTPN22-deficient mice develop severe colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium, and their intestinal macrophages express higher levels of M1 genes but lower levels of M2-associated genes. Furthermore, the protective T allele of the C1858T SNP is associated with attenuated expression of inflammatory cytokines and a higher level of PTPN22 in human M1 macrophages. This T allele–associated aberrant expression of PTPN22 is partly attributed to an autoinhibition mechanism, in which PTPN22 suppresses its own expression in M1 but not M2 macrophages. Our data not only demonstrate a critical role of PTPN22 in regulating macrophage polarization but also provide a molecular explanation for the protective effect of the C1858T SNP in Crohn’s disease.
The Nitrated Fatty Acid 10-Nitro-Oleate Attenuates Allergic Airway Disease
Authors: Reddy Aravind T. , Lakshmi Sowmya P. , Dornadula Sireesh , Pinni Sudheer , Rampa Dileep R. , Reddy Raju C. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Asthma is a serious, growing problem worldwide. Inhaled steroids, the current standard therapy, are not always effective in this chronic inflammatory disease and can cause adverse effects. We tested the hypothesis that nitrated fatty acids (NFAs) may provide an effective alternative treatment. NFAs are endogenously produced by nonenzymatic reaction of NO with unsaturated fatty acids and exert anti-inflammatory actions both by activating the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and via PPAR-independent mechanisms, but whether they might ameliorate allergic airway disease was previously untested. We found that pulmonary delivery of the NFA 10-nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) reduced the severity of murine allergic airway disease, as assessed by various pathological and molecular markers. Fluticasone, an inhaled steroid commonly used to treat asthma, produced similar effects on most end points, but only OA-NO2 induced robust apoptosis of neutrophils and their phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. This suggests that OA-NO2 may be particularly effective in neutrophil-rich, steroid-resistant severe asthma. In primary human bronchial epithelial cells, OA-NO2 blocked phosphorylation and degradation of IκB and enhanced inhibitory binding of PPARγ to NF-κB. Our results indicate that the NFA OA-NO2 is efficacious in preclinical models of allergic airway disease and may have potential for treating asthma patients.
Serine Protease Inhibitor 6 Plays a Critical Role in Protecting Murine Granzyme B–Producing Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Azzi Jamil , Skartsis Nikolaos , Mounayar Marwan , Magee Ciara N. , Batal Ibrahim , Ting Christopher , Moore Robert , Riella Leonardo V. , Ohori Shunsuke , Abdoli Rozita , Smith Brian , Fiorina Paolo , Heathcote Dean , Bakhos Tannous , Ashton-Rickardt Philip G. , Abdi Reza 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in the maintenance of immune tolerance and hold great promise as cell therapy for a variety of immune-mediated diseases. However, the cellular mechanisms that regulate Treg maintenance and homeostasis have yet to be fully explored. Although Tregs express granzyme-B (GrB) to suppress effector T cells via direct killing, the mechanisms by which they protect themselves from GrB-mediated self-inflicted damage are unknown. To our knowledge, we show for the first time that both induced Tregs and natural Tregs (nTregs) increase their intracellular expression of GrB and its endogenous inhibitor, serine protease inhibitor 6 (Spi6) upon activation. Subcellular fractionation and measurement of GrB activity in the cytoplasm of Tregs show that activated Spi6−/− Tregs had significantly higher cytoplasmic GrB activity. We observed an increase in GrB-mediated apoptosis in Spi6−/− nTregs and impaired suppression of alloreactive T cells in vitro. Spi6−/− Tregs were rescued from apoptosis by the addition of a GrB inhibitor (Z-AAD-CMK) in vitro. Furthermore, adoptive transfer experiments showed that Spi6−/− nTregs were less effective than wild type nTregs in suppressing graft-versus-host disease because of their impaired survival, as shown in our in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Finally, Spi6-deficient recipients rejected MHC class II-mismatch heart allografts at a much faster rate and showed a higher rate of apoptosis among Tregs, as compared with wild type recipients. To our knowledge, our data demonstrate, for the first time, a novel role for Spi6 in Treg homeostasis by protecting activated Tregs from GrB-mediated injury. These data could have significant clinical implications for Treg-based therapy in immune-mediated diseases.
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Activation Triggers IL-4 Production and Necrotic Death of Double-Negative T Cells in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Lai Zhi-Wei , Borsuk Rebecca , Shadakshari Ashwini , Yu Jianghong , Dawood Maha , Garcia Ricardo , Francis Lisa , Tily Hajra , Bartos Adam , Faraone Stephen V. , Phillips Paul , Perl Andras 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is recognized as a sensor of mitochondrial dysfunction and effector of T cell lineage development; however, its role in autoimmunity, including systemic lupus erythematosus, remains unclear. In this study, we prospectively evaluated mitochondrial dysfunction and mTOR activation in PBLs relative to the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) during 274 visits of 59 patients and 54 matched healthy subjects. Partial least square–discriminant analysis identified 15 of 212 parameters that accounted for 70.2% of the total variance and discriminated lupus and control samples (p &lt; 0.0005); increased mitochondrial mass of CD3+/CD4−/CD8− double-negative (DN) T cells (p = 1.1 × 10−22) and FOXP3 depletion in CD4+/CD25+ T cells were top contributors (p = 6.7 × 10−7). Prominent necrosis and mTOR activation were noted in DN T cells during 15 visits characterized by flares (SLEDAI increase ≥ 4) relative to 61 visits of remission (SLEDAI decrease ≥ 4). mTOR activation in DN T cells was also noted at preflare visits of SLE patients relative to those with stable disease or healthy controls. DN lupus T cells showed increased production of IL-4, which correlated with depletion of CD25+/CD19+ B cells. Rapamycin treatment in vivo blocked the IL-4 production and necrosis of DN T cells, increased the expression of FOXP3 in CD25+/CD4+ T cells, and expanded CD25+/CD19+ B cells. These results identify mTOR activation to be a trigger of IL-4 production and necrotic death of DN T cells in patients with SLE.
Type I IFNs Regulate Effector and Regulatory T Cell Accumulation and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Production during T Cell–Mediated Colitis
Authors: Kole Abhisake , He JianPing , Rivollier Aymeric , Silveira Danielle D. , Kitamura Kazuya , Maloy Kevin J. , Kelsall Brian L. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We explored the function of endogenous type I IFNs (IFN-1) in the colon using the T cell adoptive transfer model of colitis. Colon mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) constitutively produced IFN-1 in a Toll/IL-1R domain–containing adapter-inducing IFN-β–dependent manner. Transfer of CD4+CD45RBhi T cells from wild-type (WT) or IFN-α/β receptor subunit 1 knockout (IFNAR1−/−) mice into RAG−/− hosts resulted in similar onset and severity of colitis. In contrast, RAG−/− × IFNAR1−/− double knockout (DKO) mice developed accelerated severe colitis compared with RAG−/− hosts when transferred with WT CD4+CD45RBhi T cells. IFNAR signaling on host hematopoietic cells was required to delay colitis development. MPs isolated from the colon lamina propria of IFNAR1−/− mice produced less IL-10, IL-1R antagonist, and IL-27 compared with WT MPs. Accelerated colitis development in DKO mice was characterized by early T cell proliferation and accumulation of CD11b+CD103− dendritic cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes, both of which could be reversed by systemic administration of IL-1R antagonist (anakinra). Cotransfer of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) from WT or IFNAR1−/− mice prevented disease caused by CD4+CD45RBhi T cells. However, WT CD4+CD25+Foxp3GFP+ Tregs cotransferred with CD4+CD45RBhi T cells into DKO hosts failed to expand or maintain Foxp3 expression and gained effector functions in the colon. To our knowledge, these data are the first to demonstrate an essential role for IFN-1 in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines by gut MPs and the indirect maintenance of intestinal T cell homeostasis by both limiting effector T cell expansion and promoting Treg stability.
What dentists should know about oral cancer screening?
Authors: Kujan Omar B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlthough the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer, it remains one of the most devastating malignancies. Early detection and prevention is a major key in combating policy of cancer. Screening offers an important opportunity for early detection. Several screening methods, visual examination, toluidine blue, fluorescence imaging, and brush biopsy, were used in oral cancer screening programs. General dental practitioner plays an important role in such programs. Therefore, this review aimed to outline the required information, knowledge, and evidence-based practice on oral cancer screening for dentists in order to incorporate this service into their daily routine.
A simplified model for biomedical waste management in dental practices - A pilot project at Thane, India
Authors: Baghele Om N. , Phadke Subodh , Deshpande Ashish A. , Deshpande Jayant P. , Baghele Mangala O. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA lot of biomedical waste (BMW) is generated in dental practices, which can be hazardous to the environment as well as to those who come in contact with the materials, if not dealt with appropriately. Most of the rules world-wide are not specific for dental BMW management and hinder easy understanding by dental practitioners. Because of lack of clear-cut guidelines either from Dental Council of India or Government of India or Indian Dental Association (IDA) on disposal of dental wastes, this article is designed to explore and review on these issues and formulate a simplified scheme. The guidelines by the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board from the directives of The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India through BMW (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998, (BMW-MH-98), similar guidelines being followed elsewhere in the world, the local BMW disposal company’s rules and the IDA’s Clinic Standardization Program guidelines. We developed and implemented a simplified waste segregation protocol for practicing dentists and dental hospitals. A methodological dental waste segregation protocol was required considering its disposal and ill-effects on health and the environment. The simplified scheme provided a good model to be followed in developing countries like India. The scheme improved understanding among dentists because of its self-explanatory nature.
Oral myiasis: A rare entity
Authors: Bhagawati Basavaraj T. , Gupta Manish , Singh Shivangi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOral myiasis is a relatively rare pathology in humans caused by invasion of body tissue or cavities of living animals or humans by larvae of certain dipteran flies. It is an uncommon clinical condition, being more frequent in underdeveloped countries, and in countries with tropical climate. Common pre-disposing factors are poor oral hygiene, halitosis, trauma, senility, suppurative oral lesions, and in patients with neuro-psychiatric deficits. The present article reports a case of oral myiasis involving the anterior palate in a physically and mentally disabled 24-year-old female patient.
A study of different modes of disinfection and their effect on bacterial load in dental unit waterlines
Authors: Singh Vatsala , Nagaraja Chaitra , Hungund Shital A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective: To compare the effect of disinfection of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) on bacterial load using disinfection methods and agents like 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), time-dependent flushing (1 min, 2 min), and using distilled water and tap water as water sources. Materials and Methods: Four dental units were taken: Unit A contained 0.12% CHX, Unit B contained distilled water, Unit C contained tap water, and Unit D included flushing for 1 and 2 min. A total of 36 water samples were collected in 2 weeks. One sample of tap water from basin was taken as study control. One sample each from Unit A, B, and C and 2 samples from Unit D (1 min and 2 min flushing) were taken as baseline samples. Samples were collected three times a week and assessed for total viable count (TVC) and types of organisms present. Results: For Unit A, no growth of microorganisms was observed. Flushing for 1 min and 2 min showed variable TVC. No significant difference was seen in TVC of units B, C, and D in comparison to the baseline samples. Conclusions: It was found that 0.12% CHX was very effective in controlling DUWL contamination. Adhering to a recommended 2 min flushing regimen can reduce the bacterial counts, but is not a reliable means of disinfection.
Facial talon cusp on permanent maxillary canine: A rare dental anomaly
Authors: Thakur Seema , Gupta Reecha , Thakur Narbir S. , Gupta Mohit 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTalon cusp is a rare form of developmental anomaly characterized by cusp like projections, usually presenting on palatal and lingual surface of the anterior teeth. Maxillary lateral incisor is most often affected followed by maxillary central incisor. This developmental anomaly is rare on the facial surfaces and very few cases have been reported. When it occurs, the effects are mainly aesthetic and functional and so early detection and treatment is essential in its management to avoid complications. An unusual case of talon cusp on the facial aspect of maxillary canine is reported. The chief complaint of the patient was impaired aesthetics. Aesthetic correction was There is only one reported case of facial talon cusp on maxillary canine till date. This case reports a very rare form of such anomaly along with management.
Evaluation of bond strength between glass fiber and resin composite using different protocols for dental splinting
Authors: Fabrício Amaral R. , José Renato Queiroz C. , Fabíola Leite P. P. , Helcio Reskalla N. J. F. , de Carvalho Rodrigo Furtado , Mutlu Özcan 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Context: Many different polymeric materials to chair-side application on pre-impregnated glass fibers (PGF) are available and different protocols are used in clinical procedure. Aims: This study evaluated protocols used for dental splinting on adhesion between PGF and resin. Settings and Design: 42 pair of nano composite resin blocks with (6 × 6 × 8) mm 3 were assigned into seven groups (n=6) and bonded according to the protocol: Gar) adhesive, resin; Ggr) glass fiber, resin; Ggar) glass fiber, adhesive, resin; Gfgar) flowable resin, glass fiber, adhesive, resin; Ggafr) glass fiber, adhesive, flowable resin, resin; Ggfar) glass fiber, flowable resin, adhesive, resin; Gfgr) flowable resin, glass fiber, resin. Materials and Methods: Micro sticks obtained from each group were submitted to the micro tensile bond strength test. Statistical Analysis: The data were statistically evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey`s test (5%). Results: The protocol had a significant effect on the bond strength results (P=0.00). Gar and Ggar resulted in the highest bond strength with no statistical difference. Conclusions: The use of adhesive agent showed to be efficient to promote initial adhesion between fiber and nano composite resin.
Three-dimensional analysis to compare parallelism of occlusal planes to the hamular notch-incisive papilla plane in dentulous and edentulous subjects
Authors: Singh Kishan , Lakshmi Namratha , Agnihotri Yoshaskam , Suvarna Suraj R. , Sahoo Sukant , Kumar Prince 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Purpose and Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of hamular notch-incisive papilla (HIP) plane as an anatomical landmark in establishing occlusal plane in edentulous subjects. Materials and Methods: Seventy subjects were selected from the South Indian population, of which 50 were dentulous and 20 were edentulous. Dental stone casts were fabricated for dentulous and edentulous subjects. Dental stone casts of the dentulous and edentulous subjects, along with occlusal rims were analyzed using the three-dimensional analyzing machines. The angles between the occlusal planes and HIP plane were determined using the reference coordinate system based on characteristic points in the dentition on the cusp tips in dentulous casts and on maxillary occlusal rim on edentulous casts. Results: The HIP plane tends to be parallel to the occlusal plane. There is no statistical difference between sexes. Conclusion: The HIP plane is parallel to the natural occlusal plane and can be used as a reference plane to re-establish the occlusal plane in edentulous patients.
Malocclusion and deleterious oral habits in a north Indian adolescent population: A correlational study
Authors: Pruthi Nidhi , Sogi Girish M. , Fotedar Shailee 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and deleterious oral habits among 12 and 15-year-old school children in Shimla city, India and to find, if any correlation exists between the two. Design: Correlational study design. Setting: Twelve schools in Shimla city, India. Materials and Methods: Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) among a sample of 961, 12 and 15-year-old school children in Shimla city, who received no orthodontic treatment before or during the study. Subjects were also assessed for deleterious oral habits. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. Multivariate regression analysis was used to test the correlation of habits with mean DAI score and malocclusion traits. Results: Mean DAI score was 26.81±5.25. Nearly 53% of the study sample presented with malocclusion, ranging from ′definite′ to ′handicapping′ based on the DAI scores. The prevalence of various deleterious oral habits was 25.9%. About 29% of children with any oral habit developed malocclusion as compared to those without any habit (P value=0.023). Tongue thrusting, mouth breathing and thumb sucking habits had a significant impact on malocclusion. Conclusion: There was high prevalence of malocclusion (52.7%). Abnormal oral habits, particularly mouth breathing and tongue thrusting had a significant impact on malocclusion, resulting in higher frequency of crowding in anterior teeth, open bite, and spacing.
Perceived sources of stress among Malaysian dental students
Authors: Telang Lahari Ajay , Nerali Jayashri Tamanna , Telang Ajay , Chakravarthy Pishipati Vinayak Kalyan 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective: Dental student training is known to be stressful and associated with physical and psychological distress, emotional exhaustion, and burnout. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the stress provoking factors among students performing clinical tasks in a Malaysian Dental School. Materials and Methods: A modified dental environment stress questionnaire was distributed to 179 Bachelor of Dental Surgery students during the clinical years 3-5 and their responses are analyzed. Results: The most stress provoking factor was found to be "fear of failing the course or year" (72%) followed by "fear of facing parents after failure" (46%). The least stress provoking factors were related to personal issues such as personal physical health (48%) and lack of home atmosphere in living quarters (40%). Female students were found to be more stressful than the male students and financial responsibilities provoked only moderate amount of stress among many of the students. There was a significant difference in the overall stress levels perceived by students belonging to 3rd, 4th, and 5th year of study. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that with the advent of newer teaching modalities, a more student friendly environment can be created so that detrimental consequences of stress can be reduced.
Oral health knowledge and practice among administrative staff at Taibah university, Madina, KSA
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Sami , Bhayat Ahmed , Al-Samadani Khalid H. , Abuong Ziad 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: Although the prevalence of dental caries is decreasing in developed countries, it is still increasing in developing countries. No studies have reported on the oral health status of adults in Saudi Arabia; the role models and parents for the younger generation. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out between January and June 2012 and included 200 randomly chosen Taibah university staff members. Each participant received a self-administered questionnaire and consent form detailing the objectives and rational of the study. Results: The response rate was 74%; mean age was 32.6 years and almost 90% had obtained higher educational qualifications. Nearly, half (48%) cleaned their teeth in the morning and evening, 77% used a tooth stick and toothbrush and almost 90% used tooth paste regularly. Under two-thirds (61%) visited the Dentist only when necessary and 13% had never visited a Dentist. The treatment received included restorations (35%), scaling and polishing (21%) and extractions (18%). Of those who did not visit the Dentist, 40% cited the high cost as the reason. The majority (78%) were aware that sugar is harmful for the teeth. Under half (46%) used tobacco and 36% had medical conditions. Those who visited the Dentist were more likely to brush twice daily (P=0.04) and of those who brushed regularly, 50% knew the number of permanent teeth present (P=0.04) and 57% were aware of the benefits of fluoride (P=0.01). Conclusion: The majority of respondents had a poor level of knowledge regarding oral hygiene. This was reflected in their poor and inconsistent brushing habits and their lack of utilization of dental services.
Age-Friendly Primary Health Care: An Assessment of Current Service Provision for Older Adults in Hong Kong
Authors: Woo Jean , Mak Benise , Yeung Fannie 
Published: August 2013

There has been no study evaluating whether primary care services are sufficiently oriented towards the older population in Hong Kong, particularly those with increasing frailty. Since primary care is a key first interface in promotion and maintenance of health in older people, an assessment of the age-friendliness of service provisions is of critical importance in optimizing the health of aging populations. The age-friendliness of primary care services for older people was assessed using focus groups of elderly people and also of service providers who care for them. Discussion content was based on the WHO guidelines for age-friendly primary care in the following areas: Information, education and training, community-based health care management systems, and the physical environment. Desirable improvements were identified in all domains. The findings underscore the need for wider dissemination of health care needs of older people in the primary care setting.