bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infective Endocarditis: The Anesthesiologist's Perspective
Authors: Kiran Usha , Saini Kulbhushan , Makhija Neeti , Choudhury Arindam , Rajput Randhir Singh , Airan Balram 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Infective endocarditis (IE) usually involves one or more heart valves resulting in vegetation, perforation, abscess, fistula and/or pseudoaneurysm formation. In IE, the mainstay of treatment remains antimicrobial agent for 4 to 6 weeks. However, 40 to 60% requires surgical intervention because of some complications. Surgery could be risky in the active stage of the disease, but it becomes essential to avoid preoperative heart failure, irreversible structural damage and also to prevent systemic embolization. Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination is an important diagnostic modality for guiding therapeutic decisions. We recently managed four patients of IE. Two of them presented with mitral valve vegetations resulting in severe mitral regurgitation and one with aortic root abscess. We monitored TEE in all the four cases throughout the surgery.

How to cite this article
Kiran U, Choudhury A, Makhija N, Saini K, Rajput RS, Airan B. Infective Endocarditis: The Anesthesiologist's Perspective. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2013; 1(2):57-61.
Coexistence of Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis can make the Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Atrial Septal Defect Challenging
Authors: Rajput Randhir Singh , Das Sambhunath 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Missing the diagnosis of atrial septal defect (ASD) increases morbidities to patient and may require second surgery or intervention. Chronic constrictive pericarditis produces thickening and calcification of pericardium. The detection of any intracardiac lesion may be difficult by echocardiography due to the masking or shadowing effect of calcified pericardium. We report a case of 30-year-old male presented with congestive heart failure, dyspnea and abdominal swelling. Transthoracic echocardiography diagnosed constrictive pericarditis with no evidence of ASD. The contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) showed extensive diffuse pericardial calcification with a large ASD. In the operating room initial transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination was not able to detect any ASD. Agitated saline injected through the central venous line into right atrium showed bubbles in the left atrium under TEE monitoring. Subsequent movement of TEE probe in deeper position detected the ASD. It is recommended that all the views and methods of echocardiography examination may be practiced in difficult moments to avoid missing the presence of ASD.

How to cite this article
Das S, Rajput RS. Coexistence of Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis can make the Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Atrial Septal Defect Challenging. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2013;1(2):66-68.
DIRECTION-DEPENDENT AND MULTIAXIAL STRESS-SOFTENING BEHAVIOR OF CARBON BLACK–FILLED RUBBER
Authors: Kahraman Hasan , Haberstroh Edmund 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
The mechanical behavior of filled rubbers depends on the maximum stretch previously reached and consequently on the induced stress softening. This softening effect is referred to as the Mullins effect. Current investigations point out that the Mullins effect exhibits a significant directional dependence, which calls for an anisotropic material model. But for the formulation and validation of anisotropic material models, there is still a lack of suitable experimental data. For this the purpose, experiments based on chloroprene rubber (CR) are reported. To trace the anisotropic Mullins effect, the standard test method for characterization of the isotropic mechanical behavior must be extended. The appropriate type of specimen enables us to perform multiple load steps with alternating load directions. After repeated stretching in the same direction, a subsequent first uniaxial loading in any other direction is characterized by a stiffer stress–strain behavior compared with the stabilized curve of the previous primary load. Hence, the experimental results confirm the deformation-induced anisotropy. To identify the multiaxial material behavior after the prestretching in one direction, a biaxial tensile-testing machine is developed. A specific property of the biaxial tensile-testing machine is the independent control of both the loading axes. Thus, the rubber material can be subjected to arbitrary loading histories. Therefore, a cross-shaped specimen with four arms is used. Multiple slits parallel to the sides on each arm ensures the homogenous uniaxial load condition in the primary load. In the secondary load step, the loading axis, which was previously inactive, is moved in a uniform manner as the master axis or in any arbitrary defined ratio. The experimental results confirm the deformation-induced anisotropy of the Mullins effect. In summary, the material behavior significantly results from the deformation mode and the loading direction applied in the loading history.
EFFECT OF IN SITU SURFACE-MODIFIED NANO–ZINC OXIDE ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CONVENTIONAL VULCANIZATION IN NATURAL RUBBER
Authors: Man Zhongbiao , Deng Li , Yang Miao , Chen Yuehui , Jin Zhengjie 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
In situ surface-modified nano–zinc oxide (ZnO) had been prepared by the sol-gel method. The microscopic structure of the ZnO particles was characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersed X-ray spectroscopy was used to observe the dispersal of ZnO in conventional vulcanization of natural rubber (NR). Properties such as cure and tensile characteristics as well as heat-resistance oxygen aging properties were researched and compared. The vulcanized structure of vulcanizate was studied by the balance-swelling method and chemical-detecting process. Results demonstrated that the dispersal of in situ surface-modified nano-ZnO in NR vulcanizate was better than that of ordinary ZnO. Compared with the addition of 5 phr of ordinary ZnO in NR, the tensile strength and elongation of NR vulcanizate filled with 2 phr of in situ surface-modified nano-ZnO increased by 0.55% and 10.34%, respectively. Meanwhile, the retention of tensile strength and elongation of vulcanizate increased by 35.85% and 19.36%, respectively.
Guidelines for the Statistical Analysis of a Collaborative Study of a Laboratory Method for Testing Disinfectant Product Performance
Authors: Hamilton Martin A , Hamilton Gordon Cord , Goeres Darla M , Parker Albert E 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper presents statistical techniques suitable for analyzing a collaborative study (multilaboratory study or ring trial) of a laboratory disinfectant product performance test (DPPT) method. Emphasis is on the assessment of the repeatability, reproducibility, resemblance, and responsiveness of the DPPT method. The suggested statistical techniques are easily modified for application to a single laboratory study. The presentation includes descriptions of the plots and tables that should be constructed during initial examination of the data, including a discussion of outliers and QA checks. The statistical recommendations deal with evaluations of prevailing types of DPPTs, including both quantitative and semiquantitative tests. The presentation emphasizes tests in which the disinfectant treatment is applied to surface-associated microbes and the outcome is a viable cell count; however, the statistical guidelines are appropriate for suspension tests and other test systems. The recommendations also are suitable for disinfectant tests using any microbe (vegetative bacteria, virus, spores, etc.) or any disinfectant treatment. The descriptions of the statistical techniques include either examples of calculations based on published data or citations to published calculations. Computer code is provided in an appendix.
An Automated Online TurboFlow™ Cleanup LC/MS/MS Method for the Determination of 11 Plasticizers in Beverages and Milk
Authors: Ates Ebru , Mittendorf Klaus , Senyuva Hamide 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
An automated sample preparation technique involving cleanup and analytical separation in a single operation using an online coupled TurboFlow (RP-LC system) is reported. This method eliminates time-consuming sample preparation steps that can be potential sources for cross-contamination in the analysis of plasticizers. Using TurboFlow chromatography, liquid samples were injected directly into the automated system without previous extraction or cleanup. Special cleanup columns enabled specific binding of target compounds; higher MW compounds, i.e., fats and proteins, and other matrix interferences with different chemical properties were removed to waste, prior to LC/MS/MS. Systematic stepwise method development using this new technology in the food safety area is described. Selection of optimum columns and mobile phases for loading onto the cleanup column followed by transfer onto the analytical column and MS detection are critical method parameters. The method was optimized for the assay of 10 phthalates (dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, butyl benzyl, diisobutyl, dicyclohexyl, dihexyl, diethylhexyl, diisononyl, and diisododecyl) and one adipate (diethylhexyl) in beverages and milk.
Determination of Chlorinated Phenoxy Acid Herbicides in Tobacco by Modified QuEChERS Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yang Fei , Bian Zhaoyang , Chen Xiaoshui , Liu San San , Liu Yang , Tang Gangling 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A new method for determination of phenoxy acid herbicide residues in tobacco based on the use of liquid extraction/partition and dispersive SPE followed by HPLC/electrospray ionization-MS/MS is reported. Formic acid (2%, v/v) in acetonitrile as the extraction solvent and inclusion of citrate buffer helped partitioning of all analytes into the acetonitrile phase. Quantitative analysis was done in the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using two combinations of selected precursor ion and product ion transition for each compound. The recoveries obtained for each pesticide ranged between 85 and 110% at two spike concentration levels. Good linear relationships were observed, with the correlation coefficient (r2) &gt;0.998 for all analytes. The method is simple, efficient, and sensitive, and each of its performance characteristics meets the requirements for determination of phenoxy acid herbicide residues in tobacco.
Simultaneous Determination of 13-cis and all-trans Vitamin A Palmitate (Retinyl Palmitate), Vitamin A Acetate (Retinyl Acetate), and Total Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol and DL-α-Tocopherol Acetate) in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by Normal Phase HPLC: First Action 2012.10
Authors: McMahon Adrienne , Christiansen Scott , Shine Lynsey , Loi Calvin , Dowell Dawn 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This HPLC method, with both variable UV and fluorescence detection, allows for the simultaneous determination of vitamin A palmitate, vitamin A acetate, and total vitamin E in infant, pediatric, and adult nutritional formulas. The concentration of each vitamin form is calculated by comparison with standards of known concentration. Following hydrolysis, the vitamins are extracted into iso-octane and analyzed by normal phase (NP) HPLC. The method was evaluated for linearity, precision, and accuracy using a selection of the Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) matrixes, including milk-based, soy-based, and hydrolyzed protein, as well as high- and low-fat products. A single-laboratory validation has been completed for all analytes using a selection of SPIFAN matrixes. Performance parameters included a working range of 2–450 μg/100 g ready-to-feed for vitamin A and 0.03–8.0 mg/100 g reconstituted final product for vitamin E. LOD was &lt;1.0 μg and &lt;0.1 mg/100 g reconstituted final product for vitamins A and E, respectively; RSD was 1.08–8.70% over a range of concentration; and average recoveries of 97.4–101.3%. Repeatability of &lt;4% for vitamin A and &lt;8% for vitamin E was calculated from five laboratories using this method. Results indicate that this method is suitable for the analysis of vitamins A and E in all forms of infant, adult, and pediatric formulas (powders, ready-to-feed liquids, and liquid concentrates). The Expert Review Panel (ERP) of Infant Formula reviewed this method separately for vitamins A and E, including all available method validation data at the AOAC INTERNATIONAL Annual Meeting on September 29, 2012. Following evaluation of the data for both methods, the ERP agreed that both methods met the standard method performance requirements articulated by SPIFAN. The ERP granted First Action status to both methods, and recommended that a single method be published for the simultaneous determination of vitamin A palmitate, vitamin A acetate, and total vitamin E (DL-α-tocopherol and DL-α-tocopherol acetate) in infant formula and adult nutritionals by NP HPLC.
The Spread of Commuter Development in the Eastern Shore Zone of Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1920-1988
Authors: Millward Hugh 
Published: September 2013

This study uses evidence from archival and recent topographic maps to plot developing patterns of commuter-induced residential construction in the Eastern Shore sector of the Halifax commuter zone. Building counts were made from 1:50,000 topographic maps surveyed in 1917-20 (pre-commuter situation), 1960—7 (early commuter), and 1988 (mature commuter), and the mapped patterns were analyzed visually and statistically. Both regionally and locally, a typical sequence of development is apparent and is discussed with examples. The evolving pattern of development has been moulded by five sets of variables: access, services, environment, socio-cultural factors, and planning. Some variables operate primarily at the regional scale (notably distance to the city centre), some at the district level (notably distance to an elementary school), and some are highly localized (e.g., the availability of road frontage). The results may be useful for anticipation and control of future development.
« Faire avec ce qu’il y a 1 »
Authors: Lepage Élise 
Published: September 2013

La plupart des recueils de poèmes de Michael Delisle reviennent régulièrement à la question de la médiocrité, de la maladresse envers le monde, les autres et plus encore : envers les mots. « Tous les ratages sont bons pour la littérature », écrit-il dans Chose vocale. C’est cette conscience de l’approximation, de l’« inhabileté fatale » (André Frénaud) — qui est à la fois celle du sujet et du lecteur — face au poème que cet article se propose d’interroger. Cette posture poétique repose selon l’auteure sur une humilité ressentie comme nécessaire à l’avènement de la parole par le sujet, et elle en étudie les différentes formes à travers plusieurs recueils. Suivant les réflexions que Pierre Nepveu a consacrées à Saint-Denys Garneau dans « La prose du poème », elle analyse par analogie dans quelle mesure cette humilité naît d’un certain prosaïsme qui n’est pas sans emprunter au versant fictif de l’oeuvre. Un temps de la réflexion est donc consacré à l’intrusion du récit et de la fiction dans le poème. Enfin, ces quelques incursions du côté de la fiction permettent de cerner ce qui s’apparente à une esthétique de la pauvreté et de l’imperfection.
L’absence du père dans « Relation » de Michael Delisle*
Authors: Cusson Marie 
Published: September 2013

La constance dans l’oeuvre de Michael Delisle est liée à l’omniprésence de la mère juxtaposée à l’absence du père. Sur les sept nouvelles du recueil Le sort de Fille, cinq accordent à la représentation de la mère une place importante. « Le Pont » et « Relation » sont les seules nouvelles à traiter de la question de la rencontre du personnage de « Mike », alter ego de l’auteur, avec le père. « Relation » se présente comme une suite à la démarche entreprise par le jeune Mike dans la nouvelle « Le Pont ». Alors que Mike parvient à s’affranchir d’un pôle identitaire maternel trop fusionnel résultant de l’absence du père dans la première nouvelle, « Relation » raconte l’histoire de la quête symbolique de ce père absent vers trois lieux de dévotion dans trois grandes villes européennes. Cet article se propose d’analyser la nature de cette quête de foi en mettant en relief le rapport dialectique entre le réel et l’idéal qui se dessine au cours de ce voyage initiatique.
Entre Ducharme et le Mexique
Authors: Nareau Michel 
Published: September 2013

Le roman Drame privé de Michael Delisle semble peu lié à l’ensemble de ses textes narratifs, tant priment dans ce récit un éclatement de la narration, un recours abondant aux marqueurs artistiques, un cadre urbain huppé. Ce texte fait d’emblée écho au roman L’hiver de force de Réjean Ducharme, par la mise en récit du milieu intellectuel montréalais, par la présence d’un narrateur s’exprimant au « nous » (pronom qui évoque la gémellité des protagonistes) et par une série de références à une jeunesse innocente. Or, une rupture survient dans le roman, qui fait bifurquer l’action vers le Mexique, transformant ainsi le cadre référentiel proposé. Dans ce changement se jouent le statut de la culture artistique mise en évidence et la capacité de cerner la valeur des pratiques culturelles observées. De la proximité, voire de la connivence, entre les artistes et les narrateurs à la lecture distanciée du tourisme de masse, se creuse un écart de sens, un vertige culturel qui fait l’intérêt du roman. Dans cet article, l’auteure s’attarde à la fonction de cette dérive des sens, aux conditions de lisibilité culturelle évoquées par ce travail de labilité, de même qu’à la signification de ce détour mexicain, qui s’appuie certes sur le tourisme dans la diégèse, mais qui est autrement littéraire, par l’appareil paratextuel qui recourt à des citations de nombreux auteurs latino-américains. Ce dernier point (intertextualité fécondée par la tension entre pastiche et déférence) permet enfin de cerner le rôle de Ducharme dans cette remise en cause des apports culturels.
Minimum Wages
Authors: Neumark David , Wascher William L. 
Published: September 2013

A comprehensive review of evidence on the effect of minimum wages on employment, skills, wage and income distributions, and longer-term labor market outcomes concludes that the minimum wage is not a good policy tool.
Minimum wages exist in more than one hundred countries, both industrialized and developing. The United States passed a federal minimum wage law in 1938 and has increased the minimum wage and its coverage at irregular intervals ever since; in addition, as of the beginning of 2008, thirty-two states and the District of Columbia had established a minimum wage higher than the federal level, and numerous other local jurisdictions had in place “living wage” laws. Over the years, the minimum wage has been popular with the public, controversial in the political arena, and the subject of vigorous debate among economists over its costs and benefits. In this book, David Neumark and William Wascher offer a comprehensive overview of the evidence on the economic effects of minimum wages. Synthesizing nearly two decades of their own research and reviewing other research that touches on the same questions, Neumark and Wascher discuss the effects of minimum wages on employment and hours, the acquisition of skills, the wage and income distributions, longer-term labor market outcomes, prices, and the aggregate economy. Arguing that the usual focus on employment effects is too limiting, they present a broader, empirically based inquiry that will better inform policymakers about the costs and benefits of the minimum wage. Based on their comprehensive reading of the evidence, Neumark and Wascher argue that minimum wages do not achieve the main goals set forth by their supporters. They reduce employment opportunities for less-skilled workers and tend to reduce their earnings; they are not an effective means of reducing poverty; and they appear to have adverse longer-term effects on wages and earnings, in part by reducing the acquisition of human capital. The authors argue that policymakers should instead look for other tools to raise the wages of low-skill workers and to provide poor families with an acceptable standard of living.
Identifying Axial Spondyloarthritis in Dutch Primary Care Patients, Ages 20–45 Years, With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: van Hoeven Lonneke , Luime Jolanda , Han Huub , Vergouwe Yvonne , Weel Angelique 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo identify axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) in Dutch primary care patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), and to design a simple referral model for general practitioners (GPs) that would identify patients at risk for axial SpA.MethodsPatients (ages 20–45 years) with CLBP were identified from GP records. Assessments included inflammatory back pain questionnaires, medical interviews, physical examinations, HLA–B27, C‐reactive protein level, conventional radiography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The outcome measure was axial SpA defined by the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria. Multivariable regression analysis with bootstrapping was used to develop the referral model.ResultsA total of 364 patients (mean ± SD age 36.3 ± 6.8 years) was recruited with a median symptom duration of 9.0 years. Eighty‐six patients (24%) fulfilled the ASAS criteria for axial SpA. Of all potential determinants, the ASAS inflammatory back pain questionnaire, good response to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, family history of SpA, and symptom duration were identified as most relevant for diagnosing axial SpA by multivariable regression analysis related to axial SpA. The shrunken regression coefficients were, respectively, 1.04, 0.83, 0.73, and 0.23. The combination of these 4 items proved a useful area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75 (SE 0.03). In a simplified score model, at the suggested cutoff value of 1.5, the sensitivity was 83% and specificity was 59%.ConclusionThis study shows that 1 of 4 primary care patients with CLBP was classified as having axial SpA. A preselection in primary care based on a combination of clinical items may be useful to facilitate the identification of patients at risk of axial SpA.
A new scenario framework for climate change research: background, process, and future directions
Authors: Ebi Kristie L. , Hallegatte Stephane , Kram Tom , Arnell Nigel W. , Carter Timothy R. , Edmonds Jae , Kriegler Elmar , Mathur Ritu , O’Neill Brian C. , Riahi Keywan , Winkler Harald , Van Vuuren Detlef P. , Zwickel Timm 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The scientific community is developing new global, regional, and sectoral scenarios to facilitate interdisciplinary research and assessment to explore the range of possible future climates and related physical changes that could pose risks to human and natural systems; how these changes could interact with social, economic, and environmental development pathways; the degree to which mitigation and adaptation policies can avoid and reduce risks; the costs and benefits of various policy mixes; and the relationship of future climate change adaptation and mitigation policy responses with sustainable development. This paper provides the background to and process of developing the conceptual framework for these scenarios, as described in the three subsequent papers in this Special Issue (Van Vuuren et al., 2013; O’Neill et al., 2013; Kriegler et al., Submitted for publication in this special issue). The paper also discusses research needs to further develop, apply, and revise this framework in an iterative and open-ended process. A key goal of the framework design and its future development is to facilitate the collaboration of climate change researchers from a broad range of perspectives and disciplines to develop policy- and decision-relevant scenarios and explore the challenges and opportunities human and natural systems could face with additional climate change.