bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrusive luxation of permanent teeth: a systematic review of factors important for treatment decision‐making
Authors: AlKhalifa Jasem Dawood , AlAzemi Abdulaziz A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo conduct a literature review and assess the current strength of evidence of the available studies and to investigate factors important for treatment choice.MethodologyStructured electronic and hand searches were performed, restricted to English records for all age groups. Only cohort studies comparing spontaneous eruption and surgical and orthodontic extrusion were assessed. Risk of bias assessment was made by the method introduced by the Cochrane collaboration and the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale for cohort studies, and the body of evidence was assessed by the GRADE approach.ResultsOne hundred seventeen studies were identified, but only three were suitable for inclusion; these were not meta‐analyzed because of methodological and clinical heterogeneity. Spontaneous eruption had a low failure rate of 5–12%.ConclusionGiven that infection can be controlled by endodontic therapy, it appears that spontaneous eruption results in the fewest complications in immature teeth, regardless of the degree of intrusion. Furthermore, there appear to be no significant differences between surgical and orthodontic extrusion in terms of adverse outcomes. Limitations of the majority of current cohort studies include selection bias (no confounding adjustment and no demonstration that outcomes were absent at the start of the study), reporting bias, and no information on whether investigators were blinded from the outcomes assessed. Furthermore, there is a serious indirectness in the current body of evidence regarding each outcome. Therefore, guidelines for treatment are currently not based on strong evidence.
Stroke units in Italy: engaging the public in optimizing existing resources
Authors: Baldereschi M. , Di Carlo A. , Vaccaro C. , Toni D. , Polizzi B. , Inzitari D. ,   for the Promotion and Implementation of Stroke Care in Italy Project Working Group
Published: March 2014

Background and purposeThe lack of a wide implementation of stroke units (SU)s in Italy appears to accompany the underuse of the operating units. Community awareness of acute stroke care options may affect stroke resource use. Our aim was to determine the level of knowledge about SUs and tissue‐plasminogen activator (t‐PA) treatment amongst Italian adults and investigate its relationship to local stroke services implementation.MethodsA nation‐based telephone survey was carried out in a sample of 1000 residents aged >18 years in May–June 2010. The questionnaire included close‐ended questions regarding knowledge of SUs and t‐PA treatment. Number and location of both SUs and t‐PA treatments were provided by a concurrent national hospital‐based survey. The prevalence and distribution of acute stroke care awareness in the community was examined and multivariate analyses were generated.ResultsAmongst the 1000 participants (474 men, mean age 48.8 ± 17.2), only 26.2% reported knowing about the availability of t‐PA treatment and only 15% were aware of the existence of SUs. Awareness of both SUs and t‐PA was significantly associated only with education. These associations remained significant in the multivariate analyses. The degree of stroke services implementation (in terms of SUs/inhabitant rates and number of t‐PA treatments) was not associated with SU and t‐PA awareness.ConclusionsThis is the first European study that explored public knowledge about t‐PA treatment and SUs. Italian adults proved insufficiently educated about SUs and t‐PA; there is no higher awareness in areas with a greater supply of stroke services. This might partially explain the underuse of Italian SUs.
Morphological brain imaging studies on major psychoses
Authors: OKAZAKI YUJI 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe first application of computed tomographic scan to the schizophrenic brain by Johnstone et al. initiated a new neuroscience research era with new perspectives on the neurobiological aspects of major psychoses. The most common paradigm in the flurry of brain imaging studies following the first report was the case—control study comparing controls and patients with major psychoses. However, some application was also made of sophisticated case—control paradigms, such as comparisons between affected and non‐affected identical twins discordant for schizophrenia. Very few prospective cohort studies have been applied in this field. During the past two decades of studies, several brain morphological features have converged. Both schizophrenics and patients with affective disorders showed subtle but significant quantitative differences in brain structures compared with controls. For schizophrenia, the differences were in the lateral and third ventricles, medial temporal lobe, supratemporal gyrus, frontal lobe and such subcortical nuclei as striatum and thalamus. For affective disorders, they were in the cortical sulci, lateral ventricle, striatum, pituitary and adrenal glands. Generally, the differences were greater in schizophrenics, in males and on the left side than in patients with affective disorders, in females and on the right side. Qualitative morphological abnormalities such as T2‐weighted hyperintensity were also demonstrated in elderly patients with affective disorders. For both schizophrenia and affective disorders, abnormal anatomical neurocircuit models of the respective pathophysiologies have been proposed to explain the brain multi‐lesions. Some recommendations for future research in the structural brain imaging of major psychoses have also been proposed.
Magnetic resonance imaging study of the brain in autism
Authors: SAITOH OSAMU , COURCHESNE ERIC 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAutism is a neuropsychiatric disorder of social, cognitive, and language development. Cerebellar abnormality in autism has been shown consistently from autopsy and magnetic resonance image (MRI) studies. A new MRI study with careful methodologic designs identified two subgroups of autistic patients: hypoplasia and hyperplasia of cerebellar vermian lobules VI‐VII. The existence of these two subtypes was also supported via the meta‐analysis of data from separate research groups. In addition to the cerebellar abnormality, recent MRI studies in autism demonstrated abnormalities in the parietal lobe and the posterior subregions of the corpus callosum where parietal cortical fibers are concentrated. Furthermore, neurobehavioral correlates of cerebellar and parietal abnormalities have also been investigated. In contrast, there is a lack of significant difference in the cross‐sectional size of the posterior hippocampal formation between autistic and normal subjects, which is discrepant with predictions based on some autopsy studies.
Present status and prospect of psychotherapy in Japan
Authors: USHIJIMA SADANOBU 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe author will describe the changing trend of psychotherapy since the 1960s. The main theme in the 1960s was to establish psychotherapy for schizophrenics, although the school of Morita therapy had been continuing to treat the neurotic patients, particularly obsessional areas of neuroses. When social therapy came to dominate the clinical situation of schizophrenia in the course of time, the dynamic psychotherapists turned their attention to borderline patients. It was during this time that the borderline patients had been becoming the main theme in the clinical practices and the new theories and techniques had been successively imported. This situation is continuing even now. The rapid change of family structure had changed the personality structures and had given rise to the necessity for the family therapy. It is also emphasized that the new personality with ego splitting, who were likely to involve many people in the course of psychotherapy, has been asking us not only for individual psychotherapy but also a team approach.
From Mental Health Law to Mental Health and Welfare Law
Authors: ASAI KUNIHIKO 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn September 1987 in Japan, the Mental Hygiene Law was amended to the Mental Health Law. This Law emphasizes the protection of human rights of the mentally disabled as well as the promotion of their social rehabilitation. In 1993, Mental Health Law was partially revised in the following four areas: (i) social rehabilitation; (ii) special rules for large cities; (iii) definition of the mentally disabled; and (iv) hogogimusha seido. The Japanese Government amended the Mental Health Law to Mental Health and Welfare Law on 1 July 1995. This law is intended to promote the welfare of the mentally disabled.
Cross–cultural epidemiology
Authors: YAMAMOTO JOE , TAKEUCHI DAVID T. , SUE STANLEY , KURASAKI KAREN 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTwo issues led me into the area of cross‐cultural psychiatric epidemiology in the 1980s. The National Institute of Mental Health funded the Epidemiological Catchment Area Studies. One of them included a study of a Caucasian and Hispanic populations in Los Angeles. Dr Masaaki Kato, then the Director of the National Institute of Mental Health of Japan, was the consultant for a JAICA‐funded project in Lima, Peru. He was interested in fostering psychiatric research there, so I suggested an epidemiological study. This study was done in two phases with Drs Shunichiro Hayashi, Kimpei Minobe and Alberto Perales. Because it is extraordinarily expensive to undertake epidemiological studies in the USA, I met with colleagues regarding psychiatric epidemiological studies in Asia, Dr Chung‐kyoon Lee at the Seoul National University in Korea, Dr Eng‐Kung Yeh of the National Taiwan University in Taipei, Taiwan, Dr Char‐nie Chen of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Dr Masaaki Kato in Japan. Studies have been completed in Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, but not in Japan. In the meantime, very small pilot studies among Asian groups in Los Angeles were performed. The very recent results of the study of Chinese in Los Angeles, California, with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview are now available to compare the prevalence of selected psychiatric disorders among the Chinese in Los Angeles and the data from the National Co‐Morbidity Study.
A nationwide epidemiological study of mental disorders in Korea
Authors: LEE CHUNG KYOON 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEpidemiological studies in Korea on mental illness began about four decades ago by Choi and Yoo. This was followed by more than 25 papers. Interviews by psychiatrists were not randomly selected samples. Consistent diagnostic tools were not used except by Yeon et al. The definition of prevalence was not definite and, therefore, not comparable. The research was confined to major psychoses such as schizophrenia, manic depressive illnesses, mental retardation and epilepsy. Most of the studies were performed in rural areas only. The present study was designed to meet the above described criteria as well as testing the applicability of Diagnostic Interview Schedule‐III (DIS‐III) in Korea. In order to accomplish those goals the Korean version of DIS‐III was constructed and the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders was studied both in urban (Seoul) and rural areas.
An epidemiological survey on neuroses of urban elderly in Beijing
Authors: YUCUN SHEN , SHURAN LI , CHANGHUI CHEN , WEIXI ZHANG 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWith Present State Examination (PSE)‐12, PSE‐54 and General Health Questionnaire‐28, an epidemiological survey on neuroses in a sample aged 60 and over living in an urban area of Beijing showed that the prevalence of total neuroses was 20.56/1000 (35.27 in women and 3.98 in men), with the highest rate seen in those aged 60–64 years and a general decline in prevalence with increasing age. By subtype, it was 11.21/1000 for neurasthenia, 4.67/1000 for depressive neurosis and 2.80/1000 for anxiety neurosis. The onset age in the most patients was before the age of 60, with a course of 10 years or more. The implications of these findings and directions for the future study of neuroses in the elderly are also discussed.
Single and married patients with eating disorders
Authors: KIRIIKE NOBUO , NAGATA TOSHIHIKO , MATSUNAGA HISATO , NISHIURA WATARUTOBITAN , NISHIURA TAKEHIKO 
Published: March 2014

AbstractForty married and 22 unmarried female patients with eating disorders were studied to elucidate the relationship between eating disorders and marriage. Eating disorders developed in 14 patients before marriage (premarital onset) and in 26 patients at or after marriage (postmarital onset). The postmarital onset group was a significantly higher age at onset, but similar in age and duration of illness compared with the group of 22 unmarried patients. However, the various clinical features of the three groups did not differ. Four premarital onset patients showed exaggerated clinical features after marriage, but the other patients showed no change in clinical features after marriage. In the postmarital onset group, eating disorders were triggered in 18 (69%) patients by marital problems, separation or divorce. In contrast, eating disorders were triggered by dieting to be slim in eight (57%) patients of the premarital onset group and 12 (55%) patients of the unmarried group. These results suggest that marital discord plays an important role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders among married women.
Recurrent brief episodes with psychotic features in adolescence: Periodic psychosis of puberty revisited
Authors: ABE KAZUHIKO , OHTA MIKIO 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThere are many reports of adolescents with periodic episodes, each followed by complete remission within 2 weeks; however, the nosology and long‐term prognosis of such cases have not been elucidated. A prospective follow‐up study on 11 cases (nine girls and two boys) who met predetermined criteria is reported. The first several episodes were found to meet ICD‐10 symptomatic criteria for recurrent depressive disorder in all cases and, with the exception of two cases, showed psychotic features. The episodes were linked to one phase of the menstrual cycle in only two of six girls with regular menses. There were no recurrences while on lithium in eight of nine cases. Of nine patients followed up 5–14 years after the first onset, three had been well, three had become bipolar and three were still suffering from brief depressive episodes. Recurrent brief episodes in adolescence tend to show a near‐monthly rhythm and psychotic features. Most appear to be manifestations of affective illness and may be treated and prevented as such.
Psychoactive substance use in three sites in China: Gender differences and related factors
Authors: HAO WEI , YOUNG DERSON , LI LINGJIANG , XIAO SHUIYUAN 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOne year prevalence rates for psychoactive substance use are reported based on community surveys performed in three sites in China: Hunan, Heilongjiang and Jiangsu. The data were gathered on more than 14000 respondents (15–65 years old). The drinking rates were from 58.3 to 82.6% for men and from 16.3 to 31.4% for women. Smoking rates range from 64.9 to 68.1% for men and from 0.1 to 20.5% for women. Most drinkers were light users and most smokers were heavy users. Illicit drug use was observed at Hunan. Regarding frequency and quantity of psychoactive substance use, women are lighter consumers than their male counterparts except for use of minor tranquilizers and analgesics. The psychosocial factors related to drinking and smoking were also investigated in this study.
Progress of ICD‐10 (F) family in Japan: Research, field trials and publications
Authors: TAKADA KOICHI , NAKANE YOSHIBUMI 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Nagasaki Center, designated as a World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center in 1979, has taken the lead in generalizing ICD‐10 (F) in Japan. The progress of ICD‐10 (F)‐related research, trials and publications has been as follows. The field trials of ICD‐10 Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines (CDDG) 1986 draft were carried out with 129 patients by 61 clinicians in five institutions coordinated by Tokyo Medical and Dental University and Nagasaki University in 1988. The Japanese version of ICD‐10 CDDG was published by Tooru et al. in February 1993. The field trials of ICD‐10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research (DCR) 1990 version were conducted with 847 patients by 169 clinicians at 28 institutions and 2299 assessments were obtained. The Japanese version of ICD‐10 DCR final version was published by Nakane et al. in May 1994. The Japanese version of the Glossaries and Conversion Tables between ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 was published by Nakane et al. in October 1994. The field trials of ICD‐10 Multiaxial Presentation were conducted with 34 psychiatrists at six institutions in 1993 and the total of 676 assessments was obtained, and the adequacy and usefulness of the text were examined.
Community–based care for the mentally disordered in Kawasaki City: Experiences from Kawasaki City Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center
Authors: OE MOTOI , OKAGAMI KAZUO 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe basic aims of Kawasaki City Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center are: (i) taking some measures for the hospitalized patients unable to leave because of residential problems; (ii) providing a daily program for the discharged from psychiatric hospital; (iii) developing vocational rehabilitation for the mentally disordered; and (iv) developing a support network for the mentally disordered in the community. To fulfill these aims and to meet the various needs of our users, we have provided a very comprehensive program composed of a ward, outpatient section, day care groups, vocational service and half‐way house. According to the program, various services such as medical treatment in a narrow sense, basic training of social skills and human relations, vocational training system that meets the various needs and work abilities of the users, and after care services that enable them to support themselves living in the community are available. These services give them great comfort to live in the community; however, they might serve to increase their dependency on the center. Our future task is to cooperate with various social resources such as workshops, group homes and places to stay and rest during the day, which are being developed in Kawasaki City. By supporting those facilities, we expect to refer our members to them and we put more weight on the indirect service than the direct one, which would hopefully enable us to cover and care for more people in need.
Severity of hearing impairment is positively associated with urine albumin excretion rate in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shen Feng‐Chih , Hsieh Ching‐Jung 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo identify risk factors for hearing impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods and MaterialsA total of 68 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled between March and September of 2011. Pure‐tone auditory tests were carried out for each patient at the following speech frequencies: 250; 500; 1,000; 2,000; 4,000 and 8,000 Hz. Participants were classified as having hearing impairment if the average of the pure‐tone thresholds measured at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz in either ear exceeded 25 dBHL. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory parameters and diabetes‐associated complications were analyzed.ResultsPatients were divided into those with (n = 32) and without (n = 36) hearing impairment. Hearing impaired participants had a higher urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio than those without (223.1 vs 56.5 mg/g, respectively). After adjustment for age, sex and other risk factors, the urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio remained significantly associated with hearing impairment (odds ratio 9.07, 95% confidence interval 1.73–47.43, P = 0.009). There were no significant differences in oxidative stress between the two groups.ConclusionsThe present study showed increased albuminuria was positively associated with the severity of hearing impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes. Screening for hearing impairment in diabetic patients who develop albuminuria might provide early detection of hearing impairment.
Self‐Knowledge, Gender Roles, and the Making of the Secret Gospels: A Chapter in the Sociology of Nonknowledge
Authors: Gross Matthias 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn addition to the four canonical gospels of theBible'sNewTestament, some so‐called apocryphal gospels have also been discovered to exist. Although the process by which the four gospels byMatthew,Mark,Luke, andJohn were determined to be the core gospels was completed by the late second centuryAD, it is generally held that the exclusion of other gospels was an incremental process that was finalized more than a century later. This article explores the inclusion and exclusion of texts in theNewTestament canon by reference to the sociological notion of ignorance, or “nonknowledge.” It is argued that the strategic use of nonknowledge can be shown to have achieved an “unknowing” of things that had previously been known among the early Christian community. Underpinning this argument is the suggestion that at least part of the success ofChristianity during the first 100 to 200 yearsADwas due to many Christian women not only occupying a special position in their communities but also being seen as having been favored with knowledge aboutGod. Such women were subsequently marginalized and knowledge about their role suppressed. The article concludes by noting that the formal exercise of control over what ought (not) to be known is part of the normal process of establishing stability and order in a bounded institution. This in turn promises to deliver insights for the sociological analysis of historical cases in many other areas.
Civility and Humiliation under the French Flag: The Tensions of Colonial Liberalism in Pondicherry, 1871–86
Authors: Raffin Anne 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article explores the extension of political “liberty” and franchise – as well as the eventual extension of citizenship rights – to Indians during the decades of France's Third Republic (1870s–80s) in French colonial India. Not only does this example stand in stark contrast to the civil position of Indians in British India at the time, but it was also something of a unique situation in the French colonial world. How did the French attempt to apply a colonial policy of liberalism to Indian communities in Pondicherry, India, whose social world was constructed upon caste‐based rituals and rules?I argue that liberal policies that could violate caste rules concerning purity and lead to the loss of communal rights cannot be assessed without understanding how they were received and instrumentalized by the Indian population. Overall, the difficulty of transplanting liberalism in Pondicherry was not due just to the opposition of colonial society, but also due to the resistance of local Indians. Rejections of a more emancipatory agenda meant that the republican “civility” of liberty, equality and fraternity was compromised, and this illustrates one of the fundamental tensions in imperial/liberal discourse at the time.