bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informing management of rare species with an approach combining scenario modeling and spatially explicit risk assessment
Authors: Duggan Jennifer M. , Eichelberger Bradley A. , Ma Shan , Lawler Joshua J. , Ziv Guy 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Wildlife managers are tasked with identifying and managing stressors that threaten persistence of populations. We demonstrate an approach to land‐use planning that combines scenario modeling and ecological risk assessment to map and quantify risk to population persistence for three rare prairie species in Washington State, USA. Following corroboration of model output, we found that of the management scenarios considered, only a scenario with year‐round restrictions on use of off‐road vehicles, digging, and camping enforced in all potential habitat reduces risk to the species. Decreased risk is focused primarily in two patches of prairie habitat in our study area, indicating stringent restrictions need not be applied broadly. However, one area is not easily accessed by two of the three species considered, suggesting reintroductions to suitable but inaccessible habitat may play an important role in management of these species. Our analyses suggest changes in land use and management that might improve habitat for rare species, with options for minimizing monetary and social costs. Because the proposed approach relies on hypothetical management scenarios and uses a model flexible in data requirements to provide spatially explicit output, it can be used to inform adaptive management of rare species in diverse land‐planning processes and will be especially useful when management decisions must be made under time or cost constraints.
HELLP Syndrome and the Effects on the Neonate
Authors: Barnhart Lynette 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHELLP syndrome is most often diagnosed between 27 and 37 weeks gestation. It is also a diagnosis that can be seen during the postpartum period. The effects of HELLP syndrome on the neonate can be significant. Recognizing the risks to the neonate can assist the clinician in preparing for the neonate prior to delivery. In doing so, the mortality and morbidity rates can be reduced.
Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of LY2963016 Insulin Glargine and EU- and US-Approved Versions of Lantus Insulin Glargine in Healthy Subjects: Three Randomized Euglycemic Clamp Studies
Authors: Linnebjerg Helle , Lam Eric Chen Quin , Seger Mary E. , Coutant David , Chua Laiyi , Chong Chew Lan , Ferreira Maria M. , Soon Danny , Zhang Xin 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE
LY2963016 (LY IGlar) and Lantus (IGlar) are insulin glargine products manufactured by distinct processes but with identical amino acid sequences. Three studies evaluated the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) similarity of LY IGlar and the European Union– and US-approved versions of IGlar.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
These were three single-site, randomized, double-blind, two-treatment, four-period, crossover, euglycemic clamp studies. In each study, fasted healthy subjects received 0.5 units/kg s.c. doses of two different insulin glargine products on two occasions each, following a randomized sequence. A ≥7-day washout period separated the doses. Blood samples were collected predose and up to 24 h postdose to assess PK; PD was assessed by a euglycemic clamp lasting up to 24 h.

RESULTS
A total of 211 subjects participated in the three studies. The PK (area under the curve [AUC]; maximum observed concentration [Cmax]) and PD (maximum glucose infusion rate [Rmax]; total glucose infusion during the clamp [Gtot]) were similar between LY IGlar and IGlar, with the ratios of geometric means ranging from 0.90 to 0.95 for PK parameters and from 0.91 to 0.99 for PD parameters across studies. In all cases, the 90% CIs for the ratios of geometric means were completely contained in the prespecified acceptance limits of 0.80–1.25. Adverse events were similar between treatments.

CONCLUSIONS
These studies demonstrated that the PK and PD properties of LY IGlar and IGlar were similar after single 0.5 units/kg s.c. doses in healthy subjects, contributing to the totality of evidence supporting similarity of these products.
Potential Impact of Prescribing Metformin According to eGFR Rather Than Serum Creatinine
Authors: Tuot Delphine S. , Lin Feng , Shlipak Michael G. , Grubbs Vanessa , Hsu Chi-yuan , Yee Jerry , Shahinian Vahakn , Saran Rajiv , Saydah Sharon , Williams Desmond E. , Powe Neil R. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE
Many societies recommend using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) rather than serum creatinine (sCr) to determine metformin eligibility. We examined the potential impact of these recommendations on metformin eligibility among U.S. adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Metformin eligibility was assessed among 3,902 adults with diabetes who participated in the 1999–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys and reported routine access to health care, using conventional sCr thresholds (eligible if &lt;1.4 mg/dL for women and &lt;1.5 mg/dL for men) and eGFR categories: likely safe, ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2; contraindicated, &lt;30 mL/min/1.73 m2; and indeterminate, 30–44 mL/min/1.73 m2). Different eGFR equations were used: four-variable MDRD, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine (CKD-EPIcr), and CKD-EPI cystatin C, as well as Cockcroft-Gault (CG) to estimate creatinine clearance (CrCl). Diabetes was defined by self-report or A1C ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). We used logistic regression to identify populations for whom metformin was likely safe adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and sex. Results were weighted to the U.S. adult population.

RESULTS
Among adults with sCr above conventional cutoffs, MDRD eGFR ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2 was most common among men (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 33.3 [95% CI 7.4–151.5] vs. women) and non-Hispanic Blacks (aOR vs. whites 14.8 [4.27–51.7]). No individuals with sCr below conventional cutoffs had an MDRD eGFR &lt;30 mL/min/1.73 m2. All estimating equations expanded the population of individuals for whom metformin is likely safe, ranging from 86,900 (CKD-EPIcr) to 834,800 (CG). All equations identified larger populations with eGFR 30–44 mL/min/1.73 m2, for whom metformin safety is indeterminate, ranging from 784,700 (CKD-EPIcr) to 1,636,000 (CG).

CONCLUSIONS
The use of eGFR or CrCl to determine metformin eligibility instead of sCr can expand the adult population with diabetes for whom metformin is likely safe, particularly among non-Hispanic blacks and men.
Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone and tramadol administered for control of postoperative pain in dogs following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
Authors: Benitez Marian E. , Roush James K. , KuKanich Butch , McMurphy Rose 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone (delivered in combination with acetaminophen) and tramadol in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).
ANIMALS 50 client-owned dogs.
PROCEDURES Dogs were randomly assigned to receive tramadol hydrochloride (5 to 7 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h; tramadol group) or hydrocodone bitartrate–acetaminophen (0.5 to 0.6 mg of hydrocodone/kg, PO, q 8 h; hydrocodone group) following TPLO with standard anesthetic and surgical protocols. Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis of study drugs and their metabolites over an 8-hour period beginning after the second dose of the study medication.
RESULTS The terminal half-life, maximum serum concentration, and time to maximum serum concentration for tramadol following naïve pooled modeling were 1.56 hours, 155.6 ng/mL, and 3.90 hours, respectively. Serum concentrations of the tramadol metabolite O-desmethyltramadol (M1) were low. For hydrocodone, maximum serum concentration determined by naïve pooled modeling was 7.90 ng/mL, and time to maximum serum concentration was 3.47 hours. The terminal half-life for hydrocodone was 15.85 hours, but was likely influenced by delayed drug absorption in some dogs and may not have been a robust estimate. Serum concentrations of hydromorphone were low.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The pharmacokinetics of tramadol and metabolites were similar to those in previous studies. Serum tramadol concentrations varied widely, and concentrations of the active M1 metabolite were low. Metabolism of hydrocodone to hydromorphone in dogs was poor. Further study is warranted to assess variables that affect metabolism and efficacy of these drugs in dogs.
Regulatory and Helper Follicular T Cells and Antibody Avidity to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Glycoprotein 120
Authors: Blackburn Matthew J. , Zhong-Min Ma , Caccuri Francesca , McKinnon Katherine , Schifanella Luca , Guan Yongjun , Gorini Giacomo , Venzon David , Fenizia Claudio , Binello Nicolò , Gordon Shari N. , Miller Christopher J. , Franchini Genoveffa , Vaccari Monica 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
T follicular regulatory cells (TFR) are a suppressive CD4+ T cell subset that migrates to germinal centers (GC) during Ag presentation by upregulating the chemokine receptor CXCR5. In the GC, TFR control T follicular helper cell (TFH) expansion and modulate the development of high-affinity Ag-specific responses. In this study, we identified and characterized TFR as CXCR5+CCR7− “follicular” T regulatory cells in lymphoid tissues of healthy rhesus macaques, and we studied their dynamics throughout infection in a well-defined animal model of HIV pathogenesis. TFR were infected by SIVmac251 and had comparable levels of SIV DNA to CXCR5−CCR7+ “T zone” T regulatory cells and TFH. Contrary to the SIV-associated TFH expansion in the chronic phase of infection, we observed an apparent reduction of TFR frequency in cell suspension, as well as a decrease of CD3+Foxp3+ cells in the GC of intact lymph nodes. TFR frequency was inversely associated with the percentage of TFH and, interestingly, with the avidity of the Abs that recognize the SIV gp120 envelope protein. Our findings show changes in the TFH/TFR ratio during chronic infection and suggest possible mechanisms for the unchecked expansion of TFH cells in HIV/SIV infection.
The Transcription Factor Ehf Is Involved in TGF-β–Induced Suppression of FcεRI and c-Kit Expression and FcεRI-Mediated Activation in Mast Cells
Authors: Yamazaki Susumu , Nakano Nobuhiro , Honjo Asuka , Hara Mutsuko , Maeda Keiko , Nishiyama Chiharu , Kitaura Jiro , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Okumura Ko , Ogawa Hideoki , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
FcεRI, which is composed of α, β, and γ subunits, plays an important role in IgE-mediated allergic responses. TGF-β1 has been reported to suppress FcεRI and stem cell factor receptor c-Kit expression on mast cell surfaces and to suppress mast cell activation induced by cross-linking of FcεRI. However, the molecular mechanism by which these expressions and activation are suppressed by TGF-β1 remains unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of Ets homologous factor (Ehf), a member of the Ets family transcriptional factors, is upregulated by TGF-β/Smad signaling in mouse bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs). Forced expression of Ehf in BMMCs repressed the transcription of genes encoding FcεRIα, FcεRIβ, and c-Kit, resulting in a reduction in cell surface FcεRI and c-Kit expression. Additionally, forced expression of Ehf suppressed FcεRI-mediated degranulation and cytokine production. Ehf inhibited the promoter activity of genes encoding FcεRIα, FcεRIβ, and c-Kit by binding to these gene promoters. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of Gata1, Gata2, and Stat5b were lower in BMMCs stably expressing Ehf compared with control cells. Because GATA-1 and GATA-2 are positive regulators of FcεRI and c-Kit expression, decreased expression of GATAs may be also involved in the reduction of FcεRI and c-Kit expression. Decreased expression of Stat5 may contribute to the suppression of cytokine production by BMMCs. In part, mast cell response to TGF-β1 was mimicked by forced expression of Ehf, suggesting that TGF-β1 suppresses FcεRI and c-Kit expression and suppresses FcεRI-mediated activation through upregulation of Ehf.
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Activation and IFN-α Production Are Prominent Features of Murine Autoimmune Pancreatitis and Human IgG4-Related Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Authors: Arai Yasuyuki , Yamashita Kouhei , Kuriyama Katsutoshi , Shiokawa Masahiro , Kodama Yuzo , Sakurai Toshiharu , Mizugishi Kiyomi , Uchida Kazushige , Kadowaki Norimitsu , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Kudo Masatoshi , Okazaki Kazuichi , Strober Warren , Chiba Tsutomu , Watanabe Tomohiro 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The abnormal immune response accompanying IgG4-related autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is presently unclear. In this study, we examined the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) activation and IFN-α production in this disease as well as in a murine model of AIP (MRL/Mp mice treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid). We found that the development of AIP in treated MRL/Mp mice occurred in parallel with pancreatic accumulation of pDCs producing IFN-α, and with pDC depletion and IFN-α-blocking studies, we showed that such accumulation was necessary for AIP induction. In addition, we found that the pancreas of treated MRL/Mp mice contained neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) shown previously to stimulate pDCs to produce IFN-α. Consistent with these findings, we found that patients with IgG4-related AIP also exhibited pancreatic tissue localization of IFN-α–expressing pDCs and had significantly higher serum IFN-α levels than healthy controls. In addition, the inflamed pancreas of these patients but not controls also contained NETs that were shown to be capable of pDC activation. More importantly, patient pDCs cultured in the presence of NETs produced greatly increased levels of IFN-α and induced control B cells to produce IgG4 (but not IgG1) as compared with control pDCs. These data suggest that pDC activation and production of IFN-α is a major cause of murine AIP; in addition, the increased pDC production of IFN-α and its relation to IgG4 production observed in IgG4-related AIP suggest that this mechanism also plays a role in the human disease.
The effect of red wine extract, resveratrol, on the degree and rate of orthodontic tooth movement in guinea pigs
Authors: Urriquia Isidro Alex C. , Llavore Lotus D. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveAn animal trial, its protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the U.P. National Institutes of Health (IACUC Protocol No. 2010-008), was employed to investigate the effects of resveratrol on the degree and rate of orthodontic tooth movement in guinea pigs.Materials and MethodsEighteen male adult guinea pigs were randomly allocated into 3 groups: low dose, high dose, and control groups. A 0.016″ titanium molybdenum alloy wire formed into a helical torsion spring with a coil, with the loops cemented onto the maxillary incisors of the animals, served as the orthodontic appliance. Daily oral administration of resveratrol was provided to the low dose (0.047 mg/kg) and high dose (0.47 mg/kg) groups, while water was provided to the control group. Measurements were taken everyday at the interproximal area at the level of the incisal edge using a measuring caliper.ResultsThe results of the ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences in the mean measurements of tooth separation among the three groups from day 2 (P=0.966) to day 8 (P=0.056). However, starting from day 9 (P=0.049) until day 18 (P=0.000), there was a significant difference in the mean tooth separation among the test groups.ConclusionUsing the LSD, it was noted that the low dose and the high dose groups have similar degrees of mean tooth separation, with the control group being significantly different from the two.
Evaluation of various anthropometric proportions in Indian beautiful faces: A photographic study
Authors: Kalra Saaransh , Bagga Dinesh Kumar , Agrawal Poonam 
Published: August 2015

Introduction
The subject of beauty has been the topic of much debate throughout history, and methods for the evaluation of beauty have been the focus of many research projects. The evaluation of beauty is influenced by factors which include various linear measurements, angles, ratios, and proportions. We evaluated several ratios in Indian Population after locating various landmarks on beautiful Indian faces.

Aims and Objectives
The aim of the present study was to evaluate various facial proportions of Indian beauties using their frontal photographs in natural head position to establish anthropometric norms in beautiful Indian females. To evaluate whether these values satisfy golden and silver proportions. To compare these values with Caucasian anthropometric norms.

Materials and Methods
Frontal photographs of 30 female celebrities were downloaded from the internet. Photographs of only those Indian beauties that have been declared winners of either national or international beauty contests by a designated panel of judges were included in this study. Hardcopy of these photographs was taken in 5 inch by 3.5 inch format, all the measurements done and ratios calculated.

Results
Measurements were tabulated and values for various ratios were calculated to establish norms. Coefficient of variation was also evaluated.

Conclusion
All the ratios were found to be consistent than others which made it possible to assess beauty objectively rather than arbitrarily. Most of the values did not match the golden and silver proportion. In comparison with Caucasian population, we found that there is significant difference in most of the values.
An evaluation of panoramic radiograph to assess mandibular asymmetry as compared to posteroanterior cephalogram
Authors: Agrawal Astitva , Bagga Dinesh Kumar , Agrawal Poonam , Bhutani Ravindra Kumar 
Published: August 2015

Aim and Objectives
To assess the reliability of orthopantomograms (OPGs) in detecting facial asymmetry.

Materials and Methods
The OPGs and posteroanterior cephalograms for 10 patients with facial asymmetry were obtained from the outpatient department of the dental college. These radiographs were traced and analyzed. Six measurements (four linear and two angular measurements) were made on both sides. Asymmetry was defined by subtracting the right and the left side measurements. The differences from OPG were compared to those obtained from posteroanterior cephalograms. The kappa statistics and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to calculate the differences.

Results
The ICC was calculated between OPGs and posteroanterior cephalograms difference measurements. The class interval for all measurements was noted between 0.61 and 0.84. The ICC was 0.7861, which shows strong correlation between the values (P < 0.0005) by probability 10−5, within 95%, coefficient correlation lies between 0.61 and 0.84. Kappa test gives a value of 0.64, which shows strong agreement between the measurements.

Conclusion
Individually, the measurements from OPGs may not be reliable but the obtained difference between the values of the OPGs and the posteroanterior cephalograms are comparable in nature and show strong correlation and can be used to detect facial asymmetry.
Predictors and Influence of Goal Orientation on Self-Management and Health-Related Quality of Life after Lung Transplant
Authors: Zaldonis Jenna , Alrawashdeh Mohammad , Atman Kathryn S. , Fatigati Angela , Dabbs Annette DeVito , Bermudez Christian A. 
Published: August 2015

Context— Lung transplant recipients are encouraged to perform self-management behaviors to maximize health outcomes; however, performance is often less than ideal. Goal orientation is known to influence achievement of academic goals, but the influence of goal orientation on performance of self-management is unknown. Objectives— To identify characteristics at transplant that are predictive of higher goal orientation and examine relationships between Goal Orientation Index (GOI) subscores (Acting, Planning, Reflecting), self-management behaviors (adhering, self-monitoring, and communicating critical changes), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at 1 year after transplant. Design— A descriptive, secondary analysis of data from 33 lung transplant recipients who were assessed at transplant and followed for 1 year as part of a clinical trial. GOI subscores were dichotomized at the median to categorize recipients with high and low goal orientation. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of higher GOI subscores. Correlations between higher GOI subscores, self-management, and HRQOL were examined. Results— Lung transplant recipients reported relatively high mean GOI subscores (Acting, Planning, and Reflecting) and the 3 subscores were correlated ( r = 0.31–0.86). Self-care agency was the only significant predictor ( P = .04) of higher GOI (Reflecting). Lung transplant recipients with higher Planning and Reflecting subscores were more likely to adhere ( r = 0.36 and 0.46, respectively). Recipients with higher GOI subscores reported significantly better mental HRQOL ( r = 0.42–0.36). Recipients with higher GOI Planning or Acting subscores reported significantly less anxiety ( r = −0.39–0.46) and fewer depressive symptoms ( r = −0.40–0.43). Conclusion— Assessing goal orientation may offer a novel approach for promoting adherence and HRQOL after lung transplant.
Sustainability of Improvements in Medication Adherence through a Mobile Health Intervention
Authors: McGillicuddy John W. , Taber David J. , Mueller Martina , Patel Sachin , Baliga Prabhakar K. , Chavin Kenneth D. , Sox Luke , Favela April P. , Brunner-Jackson Brenda M. , Treiber Frank A. 
Published: August 2015

Context— Very few patient-centered, theory-guided programs for medication adherence and blood pressure control have been conducted in kidney transplant recipients. Objective— To evaluate preliminary indications of sustainability of improved blood pressure in kidney transplant recipients 12 months after completion of a 3-month randomized controlled trial of a mobile health pilot program to improve blood pressure and medication adherence. Participants and Design— A total of 18 of the 19 trial participants were contacted and all consented to inclusion in the retrospective analysis of their medical records showing their clinic-recorded systolic blood pressures at 3, 6, and 12 months following participation in the 3-month trial of a medical regimen self-management intervention. Results— A significant group difference in systolic blood pressure was observed longitudinally, indicating that the intervention group, as compared with the standard-care group, exhibited lower clinic-measured systolic blood pressures at the 12-month posttrial follow-up visit ( P = .01). At 12-month follow-up, success in establishing and sustaining control of systolic blood pressure (<131 mm Hg) was greater in the intervention group (50%) than in the control group (11%). Conclusion— Patients in the intervention group continued to exhibit lower systolic blood pressure than did patients in the control group 12 months after the trial ended, suggesting that the intervention may have a durable impact on blood pressure control that most likely reflects sustained medication adherence. These findings will aid in the development of an adequately powered randomized controlled trial to address the sustainable impact of the intervention program on medication adherence and blood pressure control.