bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Up‐conversion luminescence in the ultraviolet range excited by IR‐laser diodes in active medium BaY2F8:Yb3+, Pr3+, Ce3+
Authors: Kozlova N. , Kuznetsov S. , Pushkar A. , Uvarova A. , Uvarova T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe report on observation of up‐converted ultraviolet (UV) luminescence due to 5d–4f transitions from Pr3+ and Ce3+ ions doped into Ba(Y,Yb)2F8single crystals under excitation by IR laser diodes. The dependence of population of crucial intermediate 3P0 level Pr3 + from absorbed energy is discussed. The point of view of adaptation of the active medium in structure and concentration of activators to developed up‐conversion scheme is considered (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High Yield, Reproducible and Quasi‐Automated Bilayer Formation in a Microfluidic Format
Authors: Stimberg Verena C. , Bomer Johan G. , van Uitert Iris , van den Berg Albert , Le Gac Séverine 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA microfluidic platform is reported for various experimentation schemes on cell membrane models and membrane proteins using a combination of electrical and optical measurements, including confocal microscopy. Bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) are prepared in the device upon spontaneous and instantaneous thinning of the lipid solution in a 100‐μm dry‐etched aperture in a 12.5‐μm thick Teflon foil. Using this quasi‐automated approach, a remarkable 100% membrane formation yield is reached (including reflushing in 4% of the cases), and BLMs are stable for up to 36 h. Furthermore, the potential of this platform is demonstrated for (i) the in‐depth characterization of BLMs comprising both synthetic and natural lipids (1,2‐diphytanoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DPhPC) and L‐α‐phosphatidylcholine (L‐α‐PC)/cholesterol, respectively) in terms of seal resistance, capacitance, surface area, specific capacitance, and membrane hydrophobic thickness; (ii) confocal microscopy imaging of phase separation in sphingomyelin/L‐α‐PC/cholesterol ternary membranes; (iii) electrical measurements of individual nanopores (α‐hemolysin, gramicidin); and (iv) indirect assessment of the alteration of membrane properties upon exposure to chemical stimuli using the natural nanopore gramicidin as a sensor.
Investigating and Understanding the Cyclic Fatigue, Deformation, and Fracture Behavior of a Novel High Strength Alloy Steel: Influence of Orientation
Authors: Srivatsan Tirumalai S. , Manigandan Kannan , Freborg Andrew M. , Quick Thomas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper, the results of a recent study aimed at understanding the influence of orientation on high cycle fatigue properties and final fracture behavior of alloy steel Pyrowear 53 is presented and discussed. This alloy steel has noticeably improved strength, ductility, and toughness properties compared to other competing high strength alloy steels having a near similar chemical composition and processing history. Test specimens of this alloy steel were precision machined and conformed to the specifications detailed in the ASTM standards for tension testing and stress‐controlled cyclic fatigue tests. Test specimens were prepared from both the longitudinal and transverse orientations of the as‐provided alloy steel bar stock. The machined test specimens were deformed in cyclic fatigue over a range of maximum stress and under conditions of fully reversed loading, i.e., at a load ratio of −1, and the number of cycles‐to‐failure recorded. The specific influence of orientation on cyclic fatigue life of this alloy steel is presented. The fatigue fracture surfaces were examined in a scanning electron microscope to establish the macroscopic fracture mode and to characterize the intrinsic features on the fatigue fracture surfaces. The conjoint influence of microstructure, orientation, nature of loading, and maximum stress on cyclic fatigue life is discussed.
Innovative seismic‐resistant steel frames (FUSEIS 1‐2) – experimental analysis
Authors: Dimakogianni Danai , Dougka Georgia , Vayas Ioannis , Karydakis Phaedon 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTwo innovative systems of seismic‐resistant steel frames with dissipative fuses were developed within the European Research Programme “FUSEIS”. The first, named FUSEIS 1, resembles a shear wall, whereas in the second system, named FUSEIS 2, the devices are made by introducing a discontinuity into the composite beams of a moment‐resisting frame. The main advantage of “FUSEIS” compared with conventional systems is that inelastic deformations are strictly concentrated and controlled in zones that constitute easily replaceable fuses. The dissipative elements can be positioned in small areas of the building and do not interrupt the architectural plan as braces do. Another advantage of the system is the possibility of easy installation and removal within the structure.This article presents the results of the experimental and analytical investigations of the innovative energy dissipation system FUSEIS 1. The system consists of two closely spaced strong columns connected by dissipative beams within each storey. In order to enhance the stiffness, strength and energy dissipation capacity of the system, several fuses are provided within each storey. During a strong seismic event, the dissipative zones are formed within the pins while the other parts of the structure remain elastic and protected.
Probabilistic safety analysis of loadbearing bar structures according to second‐order theory for the combination of time‐dependent loads
Authors: Biehounek Josef , Grolik Helmut , Herz Susanne 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe article describes a method for the probabilistic risk assessment of loadbearing bar structures according to second‐order theory without having to indicate expressly the limit state equation. The load combination is also considered in the course of the calculation. Time‐dependent loads are modelled as pulse processes with a rectangular form. The sequence of load renewals has a Poisson distribution and the magnitude of the load is subjected to a Pearson distribution. The distribution of the maximum values of the safety‐relevant load reaction is obtained by means of the Monte Carlo simulation. The basis is a generalization of the deformation method. The probability of cross‐section failure is determined for an exemplary loadbearing structure. The probability is sensitive to the distribution parameters of the processes. For certain loading constellations, this analysis contradicts the safety concept of building practice.
Roofs and façades of United States Institute of Peace, Washington D. C.
Authors: Helbig Thorsten , Oppe Matthias 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Institute of Peace’s new facility, a modern conference and an interactive educational center dedicated to the theme of peacemaking, faces the National Mall in Washington, DC and is within sight of the Lincoln, World War II, Korean, and Vietnam Veterans memorials. The building is organized around two atria, one part facing the Potomac River, the other the Mall and the Lincoln Memorial. The north atrium serves as the centerpiece for the spaces devoted to the organization’s work and research, and the south‐facing atrium is focused on public programs and conferences. The roof of the building features a series of undulating, wing‐like elements constructed of steel frame and white translucent glass forming an image resembling the wings of a dove. The glass appears opaque and white during the day and glows gently from within at night.The two roofs and four curtain wall façades have been designed, fabricated and installed by seele, being responsible for the realization. Optimisation of conceptual design, structural and detailed design for the free forms of the self‐supporting shell structures and the vertical facades was conducted by Knippers Helbig, Advanced Engineering.
Extraction and analysis of plant alkanes and long‐chain alcohols using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)
Authors: Carnahan Anthony M. , Spalinger Donald E. , Kennish John M. , Collins William B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe explored a one‐step method of extracting plant cuticular hydrocarbons for the analysis of diet composition, intake, and passage rate of herbivores. Alkanes (waxes produced by plants) and long‐chain alcohols (LCOHs) have traditionally been extracted via a sequence of saponification and esterification (S/E) separation techniques, which are labor‐ and time‐intensive. We improved upon the alkane method by extracting samples in hexane using Dionex's Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE®; Dionex Corporation, Bannockburn, IL) with simultaneous purification of long‐chain hydrocarbons using Florisil® (U. S. Silica, Berkeley Springs, WV) and Davisil® (W. R. Grace & Co.‐Conn., Columbia, MD) solid‐phase absorbents. This improvement allows for rapid preparation of samples for analysis of both alkanes and LCOHs for gas chromatography analysis. Recovery and quantification of plant alkanes was assessed using 5 forages that were phenologically and morphologically distinct and endemic to South‐central Alaska, USA, to ensure both methods were tested under conditions for which they would be used. We found that recovery of alkanes was 20% higher (P < 0.0001) for the ASE method compared with the S/E method. Correcting for recovery, we found that both methods provided equivalent estimates of alkane concentrations (r2 = 0.9987). Recovery of LCOHs was significantly higher by 7.8% (P = 0.03) for the ASE method compared with the S/E method. Both methods provided similarly clean extractions, with satisfactory baseline and peak separations. We found that the single‐step ASE process was effective in the extraction, purification, and quantification of both alkanes and LCOHs from plant materials, resulting in significant savings in time while using less corrosive solvents. Recoveries of both alkanes and LCOHs were higher for the ASE method. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Two Zinc(II) Coordination Polymers Based on the Ligand 1, 4‐Bis[(2‐methyl‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl]benzene: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Properties
Authors: Shi Jing‐Tao , Zhou Chun‐Sheng , Liu Yong‐Liang , Fang Zhi‐Guo , Zhao Rui‐Li , Xu Li‐Li , Yue Ke‐Fen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTwo coordination polymers (CPs), {[Zn2(BMB)(5‐AIPA)2]·2H2O}n(1) and [Zn(BMB)(5‐NIPA)]n(2) {BMB = 1, 4‐bis[(2‐methyl‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl]benzene, 5‐AIPA = 5‐aminoisophthalic acid, 5‐NIPA = 5‐nitroisophthalic acid}, were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 displays a 2D double‐layer structure, which is packed into a 3D supramolecule by interlayer hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions. Compound 2 displays a threefold interpenetrating 3D network, which is composed of left‐handed helical chains and two types of meso‐helical chains along different directions.
Pattern of Postoperative Recurrence and Hepatic and/or Pulmonary Resection for Liver and/or Lung Metastases From Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Ichida Hirofumi , Imamura Hiroshi , Yoshimoto Jiro , Sugo Hiroyuki , Kajiyama Yoshiaki , Tsurumaru Masahiko , Suzuki Kenji , Ishizaki Yoichi , Kawasaki Seiji 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed the benefit of hepatic and pulmonary resections in patients with liver and lung recurrences, respectively, after resection of esophageal carcinoma.MethodsThe study population consisted of 138 consecutive patients with recurrent esophageal carcinoma after esophagectomy conducted between 2003 and 2005. The pattern, timing of appearance, and the prognosis of these recurrences were investigated, paying particular attention to those undergoing hepatic and pulmonary resections.ResultsIn total, 55 and 92 patients developed locoregional and distant‐organ metastases 13 and 6 months (median) after surgery, respectively, including 9 patients with both types of recurrence. The distant‐organ metastases were found in the liver (n = 26), lung (n = 27), bone (n = 21), and other organs (n = 29). Patients with pulmonary recurrences had a better overall prognosis (median survival after recurrence detection 13 months) than those with hepatic metastases (5 months) or nonhepatic nonpulmonary metastases. (3 months) Hepatic and pulmonary resections were carried out in patients with oligonodular (n = ≤ 2) isolated liver and lung metastases (n = 5, respectively). Although the survivals of patients with lung metastases who were treated/not treated by pulmonary resection were different (median survival: 48 vs. 10 months, p < 0.01), the difference in the survivals between patients with hepatic metastases who were treated/not treated by hepatic resection reached only borderline statistical significance (13 vs. 5 months, p = 0.06).ConclusionsResection of pulmonary metastases yields a survival benefit in properly selected patients. The benefit of resection for hepatic metastases remains controversial.
The talar axis–first metatarsal base angle in CVT treatment: A comparison of idiopathic and non-idiopathic cases treated with the Dobbs method
Authors: Eberhardt Oliver , Fernandez Francisco Fernandez , Wirth Thomas 
Published: November 2012

Purpose Congenital vertical talus (CVT) appears as an idiopathic or non-idiopathic deformity. In this study, we analysed the talar axis–first metatarsal base angle (TAMBA) values of idiopathic and non-idiopathic CVT cases treated with the Dobbs method. Materials and methods Between January 2007 and July 2012, 20 cases of CVT were treated, starting with a manipulation, casting and a minimally invasive surgical approach. We analysed retrospectively the TAMBA values in idiopathic and non-idiopathic CVT. As a new indicator for the mobility in the talonavicular complex, we used the difference of the TAMBA in neutral position and the TAMBA in plantarflexion. TAMBA measurements of CVT successfully treated with the Dobbs method were compared to TAMBA values of CVT unsuccessfully treated using a minimally invasive approach. Results Out of 20 CVT, 14 were successfully treated with the Dobbs method. Of these 14, five feet were non-idiopathic and nine feet were idiopathic. Six feet did not have complete correction following the Dobbs protocol, and were associated with arthrogryposis or caudal regression syndrome. The initial TAMBA in idiopathic feet ranged from 70 to 110° (mean 88°). The TAMBA in non-idiopathic feet ranged from 75 to 128° (mean 105). Feet successfully treated with the Dobbs method had an initial TAMBA between 74 and 110° (mean 87°). Feet unsuccessfully treated with the Dobbs method had an initial TAMBA between 95 and 128° (mean 118°).The measurement difference between the TAMBA in neutral and plantarflexion positions in cases unsuccessfully treated with the Dobbs method were smaller compared to values of feet successfully treated with the Dobbs method. These differences were statistically significant ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion In our series, the success of the Dobbs method in CVT treatment depended on the flexibility in the talonavicular complex. The TAMBA value and TAMBA difference (TAMBA neutral minus TAMBA plantarflexion) express the flexibility in the talonavicular joint and could be predictive for the success of a minimally invasive treatment. Only in a few cases is the success of the Dobbs method limited. These feet are associated with a TAMBA greater than 120° in neutral position and, particularly, a TAMBA difference smaller than 25°.
Evolution and Biogeography: Leading Students in Darwin’s and Wallace’s Footsteps
Authors: Rosenau Joshua 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Exploring life’s diversity and geography’s effect on it was central to Darwin and Wallace’s parallel discoveries of evolution. Those discoveries required the two to overcome their own misconceptions about species and biology. By helping students to see the world through the eyes of explorers and placing life’s diversity into a geographic context, teachers can help students overcome those same barriers to the acceptance of evolution and deepen students’ appreciation of biodiversity.
Homogenization and correctors for monotone problems in cylinders of small diameter
Authors: Casado-Díaz Juan , Murat François , Sili Ali 
Published: November 2012

In this paper we study the homogenization of monotone diffusion equations posed in an

N

-dimensional cylinder which converges to a (one-dimensional) segment line. In other terms, we pass to the limit in diffusion monotone equations posed in a cylinder whose diameter tends to zero, when simultaneously the coefficients of the equations (which are not necessarily periodic) are also varying. We obtain a limit system in both the macroscopic (one-dimensional) variable and the microscopic variable. This system is nonlocal. From this system we obtain by elimination an equation in the macroscopic variable which is local, but in contrast with usual results, the operator depends on the right-hand side of the equations. We also obtain a corrector result, i.e. an approximation of the gradients of the solutions in the strong topology of the space

L^{p}

in which the monotone operators are defined.

Résumé

Dans cet article nous étudions lʼhomogénéisation dʼéquations de diffusion monotones posées dans un cylindre de dimension

N

qui converge vers un segment (qui est donc unidimensionnel). En dʼautres termes, nous passons à la limite dans des équations de diffusion monotones posées dans un cylindre dont le diamètre tend vers zéro, quand en même temps les coefficients des équations (qui ne sont pas nécessairement périodiques) varient eux aussi. Nous obtenons un système limite en la variable macroscopique (unidimensionnelle) et en la variable microscopique. Ce système est non local. A partir de ce système nous obtenons par élimination une équation en la variable macroscopique qui est locale, mais dans laquelle, à la difference des résultats usuels, lʼopérateur dépend du second membre des équations. Nous obtenons aussi un résultat de correcteur, cʼest à dire une approximation des gradients des solutions dans la topologie forte de lʼespace

L^{p}

dans lequel sont définis les opérateurs monotones.
Clinical and Endoscopic Significance of Bowel-Wall Thickening Reported on Abdominal Computed Tomographies in Symptomatic Patients with No History of Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: Al-Khowaiter Saad S. , Brahmania Mayur , Kim Edward , Madden Mark , Harris Alison , Yoshida Eric M. , Gray James R. 
Published: November 2012

Background Bowel-wall thickening (BWT) is a commonly reported finding on diagnostic abdominal pelvic computed tomographies (CT) in patients with no history of gastroenterologic disease. The significance of this nonspecific finding is not clear. Methods Medical records from the Vancouver General Hospital were reviewed from October 27, 1999, to October 27, 2009. The initial search yielded 5696 cases, of which 76 cases met the inclusion criteria for review. Inclusion criteria were the following: age older than 18 years, symptoms without a diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease before CT, the reported finding of terminal ileal and/or colonic BWT, colonoscopy after CT, and/or microbiologic investigations. Exclusion criteria included known gastrointestinal disease before CT. The primary objective was to determine if BWT could be associated with a significant endoscopic pathology. The secondary objective was to determine whether the pattern of abnormality on the CT was associated with a specific endoscopic finding. Results A total of 76 patients met the inclusion criteria of our study. Of those, 76% had various identifiable pathologies on colonoscopy. Only 24% had normal colonoscopic findings. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and infectious colitis were the most common causes of BWT. A report of “skip lesions” on the CT (5%) was always associated with IBD. “Pancolitis” reported on the CT (11%) was associated with endoscopic findings of IBD in 25% of cases, infection in 50% of cases, and normal findings in 25% of cases. The report of “stranding” (36%) on CT in the presence of BWT was associated with many non-neoplastic endoscopic pathologic processes, including infectious colitis (22%), IBD (19%), and ischemia (15%), but also was associated with normal endoscopic findings in 26% of the cases. “Lymphadenopathy” was reported in 17% of the CTs and was associated with infectious colitis (30%), IBD (38%), or neoplastic processes (15%) but also normal endoscopic findings in 15%. Conclusion Symptomatic patients who are found to have nonspecific BWT on CT should undergo definitive endoscopic investigation because the majority will have significant gastroenterologic disease, and only a minority will have a normal colonoscopy.
Application of Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD) instrument in a global setting
Authors: Wimo Anders , Gustavsson Anders , Jönsson Linus , Winblad Bengt , Hsu Ming‐Ann , Gannon Brenda 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD) questionnaire is the most widely used instrument for resource use data collection in dementia, enabling comparison of costs of care across countries with differing health care provisions. Recent feedback from payers questioned its face validity given that health care provisions have changed since the initial development of the RUD in 1998. The aim of this study was to update the RUD to improve its face validity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical research and its utility for health care resource allocation.MethodsAn extensive PubMed review was conducted of current relevant resource items in AD in 15 countries. The findings were complemented by interviews with local care providers and experts in dementia care and health economics. Their proposed revisions were discussed with five leading dementia experts in North and South America, northern and southern Europe, and Asia. A new version of the RUD was developed based on their recommendations.ResultsRUD users identified a need for more information relevant to coverage decisions. Proposed revisions included changes to existing questions (e.g., to capture more accurately the number and type of health care visits) and the addition of new questions (e.g., on informal caregiver hours and the primary caregiver's hours of sleep).ConclusionSeveral minor changes were made to the RUD instrument to improve the accuracy and precision of the data while maintaining comparability with the original version and reflecting current medical practice. The RUD Complete Version 4.0 is now available for use in future AD clinical trials.