bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of new mature erythrocyte and reticulocyte indices in screening for iron‐deficiency anemia in a pediatric population
Authors: Osta V. , Caldirola M. S. , Fernandez M. , Marcone M. I. , Tissera G. , Pennesi S. , Ayuso C. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryIntroductionIron‐deficient erythropoiesis attributable to nutritional deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in early childhood. Beckman Coulter has proposed new parameters: red blood cell size factor (RSf) and low hemoglobin density (LHD%).urn:x-wiley:17515521:media:ijlh12030:ijlh12030-math-0001The aims of the present communication were to establish reference ranges (RR) for RSf and LHD% in a healthy pediatric population; to evaluate clinical utility of these parameters in the diagnosis of iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA); and to compare RSf and LHD% with RET‐He.MethodsTwo hundred healthy infants and 51 with IDA were analyzed on Coulter LH750 and Sysmex XT2000i analyzers.ResultsRR for RSf in children aged 0.5–6 years, 82.2–102.0 and 83.7–103.1 fl in the group aged 6‐18 years. RR for LHD% was 1.1–9.0%. ROC analysis for RSf and LHD% in the diagnosis of IDA showed an AUC 0.8460 and 0.8654, respectively. The best RSf value to detect a restricted erythropoiesis was 89fl, sensitivity 92%, specificity 81%. LHD% optimal cutoff point was 6.0%, sensitivity 80%, and specificity 88%. Good correlation was observed between these parameters with Ret‐He, r = 0.888 and r = −0.790, respectively.ConclusionRSf and LHD% could be useful tools in the screening of IDA. These parameters can be obtained in the course of routine blood counts, with no additional cost or need for more blood sampling.
Terlipressin therapy for moderate‐to‐severe hyponatraemia in patients with liver failure
Authors: Prakoso E. , Jones C. , Koorey D. J. , Strasser S. I. , Bowen D. , McCaughan G. W. , Shackel N. A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundHyponatraemia in liver failure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Improving serum sodium in liver failure has been observed in patients receiving terlipressin.MethodsWe assessed the response of hyponatraemia in patients with liver failure to terlipressin using comparative retrospective analysis.ResultsTwenty‐three patients received terlipressin for hyponatraemia after failed conservative management (median age 52 years (27–67), model for end‐stage liver disease score 28 (16–38)). The median therapy was 7 days (1–27), with an average total dose of 25 mg (4–90) and a mean follow up of 51 days (5–1248). These patients were compared with 11 hyponatraemic patients managed conservatively during the same period with comparable age, baseline serum sodium and follow up. After 1 week of terlipressin therapy, serum sodium increased from a median of 120 (115–128) to 129 mmol/L (121–144) (P < 0.001), and at the end of terlipressin therapy, the serum sodium had increased significantly to 131 mmol/L (120–148) (P < 0.001). In comparison, in the conservatively managed group, the serum sodium did not increase significantly from the baseline of 123 (117–127) mmol/L. Adverse events occurred in 26% of patients receiving terlipressin, which predominantly pulmonary oedema. Importantly, more hyponatraemic patients treated with terlipressin (48%) were alive compared with the conservative group (18%), despite the latter having a significantly lower baseline median MELD score of 21 (16–30) (P = 0.008). Moreover, the transplant‐free survival was higher in the terlipressin (30%) compared with the conservative group (0%).ConclusionsTerlipressin is effective in treating hyponatraemia in liver failure. Importantly, terlipressin use results in better transplant‐free survival but also more adverse events.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes for patients with variceal haemorrhage in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Halland M. , Ansley S. J. , Stokes B. J. , Fitzgerald M. N. , Inder K. J. , Duggan J. M. , Duggan A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground/AimTo determine short‐ and long‐term outcomes among a cohort of patients with variceal haemorrhage at a tertiary referral centre, and to determine the predictive value of the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score for mortality in these patients.MethodsProspective database hospital audit that captured patients who presented with or were transferred with variceal haemorrhage between 2004 and 2008, and a retrospective review of long‐term outcomes. Patients who presented to or were transferred to John Hunter Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital, with confirmed variceal bleeding were included. The main outcome measures were in‐hospital, 6 weeks and end‐of‐audit mortality. We also recorded cause, location and degree of planning surrounding the deaths in this patient group. We analysed the MELD score for patients with complete survival data.ResultsWe recorded 93 episodes of variceal haemorrhage from 78 unique patients during the initial study period. The in‐hospital mortality, 6 weeks mortality and end‐of‐audit mortality were 2.6, 9.0 and 59, respectively, and median survival time was 3.2 years (95% confidence interval 0.0, 6.1). The most frequent cause of death was related to complications of end‐stage liver disease at 74%, followed by variceal bleeding (19%) and unknown (6%). A Cox proportional hazard model showed that the risk of mortality is increased by 1.06 (1.01–1.11) for each unit increase in MELD score.ConclusionsShort‐term outcomes for patients with variceal bleeding continue to improve, but long‐term prognosis remains guarded and should prompt further emphasis on advanced care planning to optimise patient care.
Immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from amnion, placenta, Wharton's jelly and umbilical cord
Authors: Manochantr S. , U‐pratya Y. , Kheolamai P. , Rojphisan S. , Chayosumrit M. , Tantrawatpan C. , Supokawej A. , Issaragrisil S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe role of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSC) in preventing the incidence and ameliorating the severity of graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) has recently been reported. However, as the collection of BM‐MSC is an invasive procedure, more accessible sources of MSC are desirable.AimThis study aimed to explore the alternative sources of MSC from amnion, placenta, Wharton's jelly and umbilical cord, which are usually discarded.MethodsMSC from those tissues were isolated using mechanical dissociation and enzymatic digestion. Their capacity for proliferation and differentiation, and ability to suppress alloreactive T‐lymphocytes were studied and compared with those of BM‐MSC.ResultsMSC derived from amnion, placenta, Wharton's jelly and umbilical cord were similar to BM‐MSC regarding the cell morphology, the immunophenotype as well as the differentiation ability. These MSC also elicited a similar degree of immunosuppression, as evidenced by the inhibition of alloreactive T‐lymphocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reaction, compared with that of BM‐MSC. MSC from umbilical cord and Wharton's jelly had a higher proliferative capacity, whereas those from amnion and placenta had a lower proliferative capacity compared with BM‐MSC.ConclusionThe results obtained from this study suggest that MSC from amnion, placenta, Wharton's jelly and umbilical cord can therefore be potentially used for substituting BM‐MSC in several therapeutic applications, including the treatment of GvHD.
Retro‐fitting an older (S)TEM with two Cs aberration correctors for 80 kV and 60 kV operation
Authors: BÖRRNERT F. , BACHMATIUK A. , GORANTLA S. , WOLF D. , LUBK A. , BÜCHNER B. , RÜMMELI M.H. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryFor the characterization of light materials using transmission electron microscopy, a low electron acceleration voltage of 80 kV or even 60 kV is attractive due to reduced beam damage to the specimen. The concomitant reduction in resolving power of the microscope can be restored when using spherical aberration (Cs) correctors, which for the most part are only available in the latest and most expensive microscopes. Here, we show that upgrading of existing TEMs is an attractive and cost‐effective alternative. We report on the low‐voltage performance on graphitic material of a JEOL JEM‐2010F built in the early 1990s and retro‐fitted with a conventional imaging Cs corrector and a probe Cs corrector. The performance data show Cs retro‐fitted instruments can compete very favourably against more modern state‐of‐the‐art instruments in both conventional imaging (TEM) and scanning (STEM) modes.
Application of microscopical techniques in the study of autolysosome dynamics in PC12 neurites
Authors: YANG YI , FENG LIN QING , ZHENG XIAO XIANG , ZHANG LI HUI 
Published: November 2012

SummaryAutophagy is a principal degradation pathway for the turnover of intracellular proteins or cytoplasmic organelles in response to starvation. During autophagic activation, autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes where incorporated materials are degraded. However, the dynamics of autolysosomes in neurites of live cells was still poorly known. In this study, various subsets of microscope were applied to analyse the autophagy induction and highly dynamic transport of autolysosomes in rat PC12 neurites. Beading formation was found in degenerating PC12 neurites under phase contrast light microscope after serum deprivation. The monomeric red fluorescence protein‐green fluorescence protein‐light chain 3–labelled autolysosomes accumulated throughout PC12 neurites after 18 h of serum deprivation as revealed by fluorescence microscope analysis. The single‐membrane autolysosomes were also visualized in PC12 cells under transmission electron microscope. Moreover, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiment, which was conducted by confocal laser scanning microscope, demonstrated that autolysosomes were motile vesicles and moved along PC12 neurites during starvation. The directional transport of monomeric red fluorescence protein ‐labelled autolysosomes in neurites was further monitored by a motorized video microscope. Both anterograde and retrograde transport of autolysosomes were observed. In addition, the autolysosomes were precisely mapped by using 2D Gaussian fitting and then their highly dynamic movement was robustly tracked by using multidimensional assignment. Collectively, by using different microscopical techniques, our results confirmed the dynamic transport of autolysosomes in starved PC12 neurites and may provide valuable insight into understanding the biophysical characteristics of autolysosomes in neurites under physiological and pathological conditions.
A role for the miR396/GRF network in specification of organ type during flower development, as supported by ectopic expression of Populus trichocarpa miR396c in transgenic tobacco
Authors: Baucher M. , Moussawi J. , Vandeputte O. M. , Monteyne D. , Mol A. , Pérez‐Morga D. , El Jaziri M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe MIR396 family, composed of ath‐miR396a and ath‐miR396b in Arabidopsis, is conserved among plant species and is known to target the Growth‐Regulating Factor (GRF) gene family. ath‐miR396 overexpressors or grf mutants are characterised by small and narrow leaves and show embryogenic defects such as cotyledon fusion. Heterologous expression of ath‐miR396a has been reported in tobacco and resulted in reduction of the expression of three NtGRF genes. In this study, the precursor of the Populus trichocarpa ptc‐miR396c, with a mature sequence identical to ath‐miR396b, was expressed under control of the CaMV35S promoter in tobacco. Typical phenotypes of GRF down‐regulation were observed, including cotyledon fusion and lack of shoot apical meristem (SAM). At later stage of growth, transgenic plants had delayed development and altered specification of organ type during flower development. The third and fourth whorls of floral organs were modified into stigmatoid anthers and fasciated carpels, respectively. Several NtGRF genes containing a miR396 binding site were found to be down‐regulated, and the cleavage of their corresponding mRNA at the miR396 binding site was confirmed for two of them using RACE‐PCR analysis. The data obtained agree with the functional conservation of the miR396 family in plants and suggest a role for the miR396/GRF network in determination of floral organ specification.
Modelling Local and Regional Economic Development in Turkey: A “Curate's Egg”
Authors: Ersoy Aksel , Taylor Michael 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper explores and unpacks the nature of the processes shaping regional economic growth in Turkey using an econometric modelling strategy. Existing empirical research in this field has focussed on regions in economically advanced and technologically innovative economies. As a consequence, the broader picture of the dynamics of regional development in less developed countries, particularly its social and political origins and the overall changes in regional inequality, has remained elusive and less clear. In this study, a set of econometric models is developed to explore the validity of a range of theoretical propositions in explaining the trajectories of regional economic change in Turkey between 2004 and 2008. Growth is calibrated in terms of employment and changing rates of unemployment in the chosen time period in the 81 provinces of Turkey. The results of the study explain that implications of the current local and regional economic development theories are a “Curate's Egg”—good in parts—because these theories are only partially relevant in the Turkish context.
Spatial (Im)mobility and Accessibility in Ireland: Implications for Transport Policy
Authors: Rau Henrike , Vega Amaya 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRecent social research that links people's position in society to their ability to access employment has shown the centrality of spatial mobility in the (re)production of patterns of inequality. This is particularly evident in regions where economic activity is unevenly distributed and concentrated in an urban centre and where daily travel patterns reflect a spatial segregation between places of work and residential areas. This paper presents a spatial analysis of accessibility to employment for Galway City and its environs, a predominantly rural region in the West of Ireland dominated by its urban centre. Travel‐to‐work data from the 2006 Census of Population of Ireland were used to present a comparison of district‐specific accessibility levels across three socio‐economic groups. Network analysis and Geographic Information System visualisation tools are used to map existing socio‐spatial topographies of (in)accessibility. This is done to test two contrasting sets of theoretical proposals in the social science literature regarding the relationship between spatial mobility and social status. Advocates of the first position conceptualise spatial mobility as a form of capital that helps to maintain many existing social hierarchies. This contrasts with the views of those who anticipate the dissolution of established social boundaries (“fluidification”) as a result of increased spatial mobility of people, goods, and ideas. It is argued that these contrasting positions are highly relevant to current transport policy debates, including discussions around the impacts of recession‐related cuts in transport infrastructure investment on patterns of accessibility. In addition, they encourage reflection on the impacts of sustainable transport initiatives on different social groups that are more or less mobility disadvantaged, a fact that has hitherto received little attention in policy research and practice.
The biological fate of silver ions following the use of silver‐containing wound care products – a review
Authors: Walker Michael , Parsons David 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIonic silver has a long history as an antimicrobial in human health care. This article is a review of the published literature on how ionic silver may enter the body from exposure to silver‐containing wound care products and its eventual metabolic fates, in an assessment of the safety during normal use of these products in wound care. Following the application to breached skin, there appears to be little evidence of localised or systemic toxicity, and this is borne out by the continuous use of silver sulfadiazine formulations for more than 50 years. Consequently, following normal use, the risk of silver ion toxicity locally and systemically is considered to be low or negligible.
Access to wound dressings for patients living with epidermolysis bullosa – an Australian perspective
Authors: Stevens Louise J 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEpidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a rare genetic skin disorder characterised by fragility and blistering of skin and mucous membranes. Skin can blister and shear away from minimal friction, trauma and every day activities. The disease causes a wide range of complications but wound care is the major challenge to severe EB, and good wound care is an essential part of wound management. The goal of wound care was to choose a product that protects the fragile skin, limits friction, decreases pain and promotes healing. However, access to wound dressings for those people living with EB is challenging. This article discusses the availability of EB dressings in a number of countries around the world and also describes an innovative National Epidermolysis Bullosa Dressings Scheme (NEBDS) in Australia, which aims to improve the quality of life of people with EB, by reducing the financial burden associated with the provision of dressings accordingly.
Oral health referral trigger tools for people living with HIV
Authors: Carey Helen , Ackerie Antoinette , Houtzager Louise , Purnomo Julianita , Jeganathan Sarangapany 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis study validated and compared two different Oral Health Referral Trigger Tools in the form of brief (3‐item and 5‐item) questionnaires designed to identify people living with HIV (PLHIV) with symptoms of oral disease requiring a dental referral from other health professionals. It was composed of a self‐completed questionnaire and oral screen by a dentist of a convenience sample selected from PLHIV attending two outpatient clinics for routine nondental care for HIV infection. The dental exam was completed by a single dentist at a third location. The one hundred participants were HIV positive, predominantly male and of Caucasian origin with a mean age of 45.6 years. Both referral tools were found to be valid and had adequate sensitivity to identify HIV positive subjects at risk of oral disease and facilitate appropriate referral by nondental health professionals to dental health service. When both tools were compared the 3‐item tool proved to be a more valid and sensitive indicator which could be easily applied by nondental staff to facilitate a dental referral.
Changing How the System Responds to Status Offenders: Connecticut's Families with Service Needs Initiative
Authors: Ryon Stephanie Bontrager , Devers Lindsey , Early Kristin Winokur , Hand Gregory A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractConcerned by the number of status offenders in secure detention and the processing of noncriminal behavior through the juvenile and family courts, Connecticut began efforts to reform their approach to troubled and troublesome youth in 2005 (Weithorn, 2005). Between 2005 and 2007, Connecticut enacted a series of legislative changes to both improve services for troubled youth and Families with Service Needs (FWSN), and achieve systematic reforms for processing status offenses. At a systems level, the reforms sought to divert non‐criminal behaviors from formal court processing and prevent secure confinement for status offenders who violated court orders related to their behavior. Connecticut's attempt at second‐order, or system change, is the focus of this outcome evaluation.
The Social Cost of Self‐Insurance: Financial Crisis, Reserve Accumulation, and Developing Countries
Authors: Gallagher Kevin P. , Shrestha Elen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the extent to which foreign exchange reserves were accumulated or sold during the global financial crisis and what the social costs of any excess accumulation has been. We find that far fewer nations drew on their foreign exchange reserves to defend their currencies and economies from the volatility that ensued during the crisis. What is more, in the wake of the crisis many nations have continued to accumulate reserves. Finally, we estimate that the social costs of foreign exchange accumulation in excess of what is deemed adequate for insurance purposes could be as high as 1.8 per cent of GDP for the developing world, and could be higher than 3 per cent of GDP for China. According to our calculations, the developing world may have between US$98 billion to US$266 billion in assets in excess of what is needed to protect themselves from shocks, or 5 to 16 times the amount of benefits that could be made available by liberalizing world trade under the Doha Round at the World Trade Organization. The recognition within the economics profession and in international financial institutions that capital controls can be effective may provide an opportunity for developing nations to buffer their economies from external shock and free up opportunity for productive investment for development purposes.
The Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A New Instrument to Address Human Rights Violations
Authors: Courtis Christian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe article discusses the adoption of the new Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (OP‐ICESCR) as a means to obtain redress for violations of economic, social and cultural rights in the international sphere – including its potential use as regards non‐compliance with extraterritorial obligations.
International Organizations and Transnational Corporations at a World Court of Human Rights
Authors: Scheinin Martin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article is based on the author’s involvement in preparing a Draft Statute for a future World Court of Human Rights. The proposal seeks to modify the traditional vertical structure of human rights norms by introducing a mechanism for adjudicating claims about human rights violations by actors other than states, including by international organizations (IO) or transnational corporations (TNC). The jurisdiction of the World Court would require acceptance by the IO or TNC, making the mechanism similar to the effects of an international treaty, i.e. being legally binding but at the same time based on consent to be bound. When accepting the jurisdiction of the World Court, each IO or TNC could also specify under what substantive human rights norms the right of complaint will apply, and what internal procedures need to be exhausted before an alleged victim can have resort to it.
Use of random regression model as an alternative for multibreed relationship matrix
Authors: Strandén I. , Mäntysaari E. A. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryA random regression model is presented as an approximation for multibreed variance model. The approximation is derived using the splitted multibreed model where the single breeding value is split to the breed specific and their segregation terms. The random regression model allows extending the multibreed information easily to genomic data models. We present the approach by a simple example.