bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of soil mulching with organic mulches, on weed infestation in broccoli and tomato cultivated under polypropylene fibre, and without a cover
Authors: Kosterna Edyta 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
An investigation was done on the effect of different types of organic mulches that were applied in form of straw to the soil mulching process, on the weed infestation, number, and fresh mass of weeds in broccoli cv. Milady F1 (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) and tomato cv. Polfast F1 (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown under polypropylene fibre as a covering, or grown without a covering. The different types of organic straw mulches were: rye (Secale cereale L.), corn (Zea mays L.), rape (Brassica napus L. subsp. napus), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.). All the organic mulches were applied at a dose of 10 t/ha. The effect of the mulches was compared to a control plot which had no mulch. The type of organic mulch applied to the soil mulching process influenced species composition, number, and fresh mass of weeds. This effect could be the result of the properties of the mulch (colour, structure, etc.) or the allelopathic effect on the germination and growth of individual weeds species. Irrespective of the investigated factors, 24 and 25 weeds species, respectively, were observed immediately after cover removal and before broccoli and tomato harvest. In the first date of estimation Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve, Stellaria media (L.) Vill., and Viola tricolor L. dominated, however, before the vegetables were harvested Ch. album, V. tricolor, Veronica arvensis L., and E. crus-galli dominated. An application of polypropylene fibre contributed to an increase in the number and fresh mass of weeds in both vegetables in the first date of estimation (after cover removal). During this period, vegetables cannot compete with weeds. It is important to note, though, that before the vegetables were harvested, a decrease was found in the number and fresh mass of weeds in the covered plots. The most efficient weed limiter, both after cover removal and also before the broccoli and tomatoes were harvested, was buckwheat and rye straw, respectively.
Seismogenic structures in Quaternary lacustrine deposits of Lake Van (eastern Turkey)
Authors: Üner Serkan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Soft-sediment deformation structures formed by liquefaction and/or fluidisation of unconsolidated sediments due to seismic shocks are frequent in the Quaternary sandy, silty and clayey deposits of Lake Van. They are present in both marginal and deep lacustrine facies. Their morphology and interpreted genesis imply that they should be considered as fluid-escape structures (dish and pillar structures, flame structures and sand volcanoes), contorted structures (simple and complex convolutions and ball-and-pillow structures) and other structures (disturbed layers and slump structures). The most recently formed structures are related to the October 23rd, 2011 Van-Tabanli (M 7.2) earthquake. The existence of seismites at various stratigraphic levels in the lacustrine deposits is indicative of tectonic activity that frequently triggered earthquakes with magnitudes of 5 or more, affecting the Lake Van Basin.
Tracing the Life and Work of August Rozental
Authors: Jaczynowski Lech 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Introduction
. The objective of this paper was to provide an overview of the life and work of a Polish artist and painter, August Rozental, who lived and worked in Bulgaria in the late 19th and early 20th century and is completely unknown in Poland. Documentation of his work may be of interest to both art historians and Polish travel agencies, the latter for marketing purposes.
Material and methods
. In searching for reliable information, the focus remained on historical, icono-graphic and epigraphic sources. Archival and museum collections were consulted, as were academic libraries, periodicals and internet sites (Polish, Bulgarian, Serbian and Russian). The information thus obtained was verified on the basis of three interviews with museology specialists.
Results
. The information was presented in terms of a description of the location and marketing product, to address the needs of cultural tourism. Consequently, the descriptions focus primarily on the artist's surviving works and their locations in monasteries in and around Sofia. Along the way, interesting information was discovered regarding the accomplishments of his brother Juliusz, a poet, and their father August, a doctor who years earlier was exiled to Siberia along with his family. Original, newly discovered documents containing personal information about August Rozental (the painter) are also presented.
Conclusion
. The research confirms his Polish origins and documents the current locations of his most interesting works of art. This makes them easily accessible to both specialists and tourists interested in the subject.
Autograft-derived spinal cord mass following olfactory mucosal cell transplantation in a spinal cord injury patient
Authors: Dlouhy Brian J. , Awe Olatilewa , Rao Rajesh C. , Kirby Patricia A. , Hitchon Patrick W. 
Published: July 2014

Over the last decade, human cell transplantation and neural stem cell trials have examined the feasibility and safety of these potential therapies for treatment of a variety of neurological disorders. However, significant safety concerns have surrounded these trials due to the possibility of ectopic, uncontrolled cellular growth and tumor formation.
The authors present the case of an 18-year-old woman who sustained a complete spinal cord injury at T10–11. Three years after injury, she remained paraplegic and underwent olfactory mucosal cell implantation at the site of injury. She developed back pain 8 years later, and imaging revealed an intramedullary spinal cord mass at the site of cell implantation, which required resection. Intraoperative findings revealed an expanded spinal cord with a multicystic mass containing large amounts of thick mucus-like material. Histological examination and immunohistochemical staining revealed that the mass was composed mostly of cysts lined by respiratory epithelium, submucosal glands with goblet cells, and intervening nerve twigs.
This is the first report of a human spinal cord mass complicating spinal cord cell transplantation and neural stem cell therapy. Given the prolonged time to presentation, safety monitoring of all patients with cell transplantation and neural stem cell implantation should be maintained for many years.
Targeted Delivery of Mycobacterial Antigens to Human Dendritic Cells via Siglec-7 Induces Robust T Cell Activation
Authors: Kawasaki Norihito , Rillahan Cory D. , Cheng Tan-Yun , Van Rhijn Ildiko , Macauley Matthew S. , Moody D. Branch , Paulson James C. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Lipids from mycobacteria can be presented to human T cells by group 1 CD1 Ag-presenting molecules (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c). Group 1 CD1-restricted T cells are activated by lipid Ags presented by myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), after which they generate antibacterial effector functions, including IFN-γ secretion and cytolysis. Thus, mycobacterial lipids are being investigated as components of novel vaccines for mycobacterial infections. In this study we show that the mycobacterial lipid Ag C80 glucose-6-monomycolate can be delivered to human CD1b+ DCs via targeted liposomal nanoparticles, leading to robust group 1 CD1-restricted activation of T cells. Targeting was achieved by decorating the liposomes with a high-affinity glycan ligand of sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec)-7, a siglec receptor expressed on DCs that mediates rapid endocytosis and transport of its cargo to lysosomes. An Ab to Siglec-7 completely blocked the binding of targeted liposomes to human monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs), demonstrating their targeting specificity. Mo-DCs pulsed with targeted liposomes containing C80 glucose-6-monomycolate more potently activated a CD1b-restricted T cell line relative to Mo-DCs pulsed with free lipid Ag or antigenic liposomes without Siglec-7 ligand. These data suggest that the endocytic function of Siglec-7 can be exploited to deliver glycolipid Ags to their target cell and increase the efficiency of display to T cells.
Construct Validity and Generalizability of Simulation-Based Objective Structured Clinical Examination Scenarios
Authors: Sidi Avner , Gravenstein Nikolaus , Lampotang Samsun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundIt is not known if construct-related validity (progression of scores with different levels of training) and generalizability of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) scenarios previously used with non-US graduating anesthesiology residents translate to a US training program.ObjectiveWe assessed for progression of scores with training for a validated high-stakes simulation-based anesthesiology examination.MethodsFifty US anesthesiology residents in postgraduate years (PGYs) 2 to 4 were evaluated in operating room, trauma, and resuscitation scenarios developed for and used in a high-stakes Israeli Anesthesiology Board examination, requiring a score of 70% on the checklist for passing (including all critical items).ResultsThe OSCE error rate was lower for PGY-4 than PGY-2 residents in each field, and for most scenarios within each field. The critical item error rate was significantly lower for PGY-4 than PGY-3 residents in operating room scenarios, and for PGY-4 than PGY-2 residents in resuscitation scenarios. The final pass rate was significantly higher for PGY-3 and PGY-4 than PGY-2 residents in operating room scenarios, and also was significantly higher for PGY-4 than PGY-2 residents overall. PGY-4 residents had a better error rate, total scenarios score, general evaluation score, critical items error rate, and final pass rate than PGY-2 residents.ConclusionsThe comparable error rates, performance grades, and pass rates for US PGY-4 and non-US (Israeli) graduating (PGY-4 equivalent) residents, and the progression of scores among US residents with training level, demonstrate the construct-related validity and generalizability of these high-stakes OSCE scenarios.
The Power of Collaboration: Experiences From the Educational Innovations Project and Implications for the Next Accreditation System
Authors: Sweet David B. , Vasilias Jerry , Clough Lynn , Davis Felicia , McDonald Furman S. , Reynolds Eileen E. , O'Malley Cheryl W. , Hinchey Kevin T. , Kirk Lynne M. , Gersoff Andrew S. , Clyburn E. Benjamin , Frohna John G. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
The Internal Medicine Educational Innovations Project (EIP) is a 10-year pilot project for innovating in accreditation, which involves annual reporting of information and less-restrictive requirements for a group of high-performing programs. The EIP program directors' experiences offer insight into the benefits and challenges of innovative approaches to accreditation as the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education transitions to the Next Accreditation System.

Objective
We assessed participating program directors' perceptions of the EIP at the midpoint of the project's 10-year life span.

Methods
We conducted telephone interviews with 15 of 18 current EIP programs (83% response rate) using a 19-item, open-ended, structured survey. Emerging themes were identified with content analysis.

Results
Respondents identified a number of the benefits from the EIP, most prominent among them, collaboration between programs (87%, 13 of 15) and culture change around quality improvement (47%, 7 of 15). The greatest benefit for residents was training in quality improvement methods (53%, 8 of 15), enhancing those residents' ability to become change agents in their future careers. Although the requirement for annual data reporting was identified by 60% (9 of 15) of program directors as the biggest challenge, respondents also considered it an important element for achieving progress on innovations. Program directors unanimously reported their ability to sustain innovation projects beyond the 10-year participation in EIP.

Conclusions
The work of EIP was not viewed as “more work,” but as “different work,” which created a new mindset of continuous quality improvement in residency training. Lessons learned offer insight into the value of collaboration and opportunities to use accreditation to foster innovation.
Residents' Perspectives on Patient Safety in University and Community Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Jones Deborah L. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Patient safety is an important concept in resident education. To date, few studies have assessed resident perceptions of patient safety across different specialties.

Objective
The study explored residents' views on patient safety across the specialties of internal medicine, general surgery, and diagnostic radiology, focusing on common themes and differences.

Methods
In fall 2012, interviews of small groups of senior residents in internal medicine, general surgery, and diagnostic radiology were conducted at 3 academic medical centers and 3 community teaching hospitals in 3 major US metropolitan areas. In total, 33 residents were interviewed. Interviews used interactive discussion to explore multiple facets of patient safety.

Results
Residents identified lack of information, common errors, volume and acuity of patients, and inadequate supervision as major risks to patient safety. Specific threats to patient safety included communication problems, transitions of care, information technology interface issues, time constraints, and work flow. Residents disclosed that reporting safety issues was viewed as burdensome and carrying some degree of risk. There was variability as to whether residents would report safety threats they encountered.

Conclusions
Residents are aware of threats to patient safety and have a unique perspective compared with other health care professionals. Transitions of care and communication problems were the most common safety threats identified by the residents interviewed.
Combining the Best of Two Worlds: Nanoparticles and Nanofibers
Authors: Bannwarth Markus , Crespy Daniel 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe preparation and applications of nanoparticles and nanofibers are widely described in the literature. Both types of materials have specific advantages but also drawbacks. We discuss here the methods to fabricate nanofibers from nanoparticles and vice versa by template‐free methods and colloid‐electrospinning. Nanoparticles and nanofibers can be also synergistically combined to yield nanostructured constructs that display highly advantageous properties such as good mechanical integrity, double protection of encapsulated substances, or the possibility to co‐encapsulate payloads with different polarities.
Cathodes Based on Noncatalyzed Ordered Mesoporous Carbon for Li–O2 Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Zeng Juqin , Nair Jijeesh Ravi , Chen Qiuping , Francia Carlotta , Bodoardo Silvia , Penazzi Nerino 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) as a catalyst‐free cathode was tested in a Li–O2 cell, and a detailed investigation of the relation between the size and type of pore morphology against various charge/discharge current densities was performed. The final cathode was a mixture of homemade OMC, polyvinylidene fluoride as binder and a commercial acetylene carbon black deposited over a gas diffusion layer. The cell displayed a high discharge capacity, which was related to the high pore volume, in particular to the mesopore volume of the OMC. The Li–O2 cell assembled with such a cathode was able to deliver a high discharge capacity of 9.25 mA h cm−2. The influence of current rate on the discharge process was also studied, and it was found that a higher current density resulted in a larger discharge overpotential and a lower discharge capacity. In a time‐controlled testing mode, the cell exhibited good capacity retention and a prolonged cycle life with a cutoff capacity of 0.98 mA h cm−2.
Novel Stereoselective High‐Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Guaifenesin and Ketorolac Enantiomers in Human Plasma
Authors: Maher Hadir M. , Al‐Taweel Shorog M. , Alshehri Mona M. , Alzoman Nourah Z. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA novel method was developed for the simultaneous determination of guaifenesin (GUA) and ketorolac tromethamine (KET) enantiomers in plasma samples. Since GUA probably increases the absorption of coadministered drugs (e.g., KET), it would be extremely important to monitor KET plasma levels for the purpose of dose adjustment with a subsequent decrease in the side effects. Enantiomeric resolution was achieved on a polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phase, amylose‐2, as a chiral selector under the normal phase (NP) mode and using ornidazole (ORN) as internal standard. This innovative method has the advantage of the ease and reliability of sample preparation for plasma samples. Sample clean‐up was based on simply using methanol for protein precipitation followed by direct extraction of drug residues using ethanol. Both GUA and KET enantiomers were separated using an isocratic mobile phase composed of hexane/isopropanol/trifluoroacetic acid, 85:15:0.05 v/v/v. Peak area ratios were linear over the range 0.05–20 µg/mL for the four enantiomers S (+) GUA, R (–) GUA, R (+) KET, and S (–) KET. The method was fully validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines in terms of system suitability, specificity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and solution stability. Finally, this procedure was innovative to apply the rationale of developing a chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of drug isomers in clinical samples. Chirality 26:629–639, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the cost‐effectiveness of a one‐off screen for dementia (for people aged 75 years in England and Wales)
Authors: Dixon Josie , Ferdinand Monique , D'Amico Francesco , Knapp Martin 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveThis paper examines the numbers of people with dementia who could be diagnosed and the likely cost‐effectiveness of a one‐off screen for dementia for people aged 75 years in England and Wales.MethodsThe study uses static decision modelling to compare a one‐off screen for dementia with a no‐screen scenario. Estimates for the model were drawn from systematic reviews, high‐quality studies and government and administrative sources. A panel of experts also advised the study.ResultsAn estimated 3514 people could be diagnosed as a result of screening, 2152 of whom would otherwise never receive a diagnosis. The study identified societal economic impact of between £3 649 794 (net costs) and £4 685 768 (net savings), depending on assumptions.ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that screening could be cost‐effective, especially as treatments and social care interventions become more effective and if diagnosis by current routes remains low or occurs later than is optimal. This study was, however, limited by available evidence and a range of quality of life benefits, cost savings and potential harms could not be quantified. It was also beyond the scope of this study to consider dynamic factors such as repeat screening, mortality, disease trajectories or trends in the numbers of people with dementia. A larger study would be needed for this, involving more complex and innovative approaches to generating estimates for modelling. We did not compare population screening for people aged 75 years to other methods for increasing diagnosis rates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted adsorption of molecules in the colon with the novel adsorbent‐based Medicinal Product, DAV132: A proof of concept study in healthy subjects
Authors: de Gunzburg Jean , Ducher Annie , Modess Christiane , Wegner Danilo , Oswald Stefan , Dressman Jennifer , Augustin Violaine , Feger Céline , Andremont Antoine , Weitschies Werner , Siegmund Werner 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDuring antibiotic treatments, active residuals reaching the colon profoundly affect the bacterial flora resulting in the emergence of resistance. To prevent these effects, we developed an enteric‐coated formulated activated‐charcoal based product, DAV132, meant to deliver its adsorbent to the ileum and neutralize antibiotic residues in the proximal colon. In a randomized, control, crossover study, the plasma pharmacokinetics of the probe drugs amoxicillin (500 mg) absorbed in the proximal intestine, and sulfapyridine (25 mg) metabolized from sulfasalazine in the cecum and rapidly absorbed, were compared after a single administration in 18 healthy subjects who had received DAV132, uncoated formulated activated charcoal (FAC) or water 16 and 8 hours before, concomitantly with the probe drugs, and 8 hours thereafter. The AUC0–96 h of amoxicillin was reduced by more than 70% when it was taken with FAC, but bioequivalent when it was taken with water or DAV132. By contrast, the AUC0–96 h of sulfapyridine was reduced by more than 90% when administered with either FAC or DAV132 in comparison with water. The results show that DAV132 can selectively adsorb drug compounds in the proximal colon, without interfering with drug absorption in the proximal small intestine, thereby constituting a proof of concept that DAV132 actually functions in humans.
Effectiveness of a standardized education process for tracheostomy care
Authors: Yelverton Joshua C. , Nguyen Josephine H. , Wan Wen , Kenerson Michael C. , Schuman Theodore A. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives/HypothesisEvaluate the effectiveness of an educational curriculum on general tracheostomy care principles and determine the effect of this educational curriculum on the level of provider comfort with tracheostomy care.Study DesignCross‐sectional questionnaire in an academic medical center.Materials and MethodsA 25‐question multiple choice and true/false quiz was given to nonotolaryngology health care providers (nurses and physicians) who routinely provide tracheostomy care. This was followed by an education module, and the quiz was repeated. Participants were also asked to rate their level of comfort (0–100 point scale) managing a tracheostomy before and after the module. A 6‐month follow‐up assessment was also obtained.ResultsA total of 94 health care providers participated in the education module (50 physicians, 37 nurses, 7 fourth‐year medical students). The average number of correct answers increased by 3.1 (P < 0.001). The level of confidence in tracheostomy care improved by 18.8 points (P < 0.001). At the 6‐month assessment, there was still a significant improvement in the number of correct questions and level of confidence when compared to preeducation values (P < 0.02 for both). There was no significant change in the 6‐month values when compared to the posteducation values.ConclusionsA standardized education module for tracheostomy care teaching resulted in significant increases in provider knowledge and confidence. Standardization of tracheostomy education and care is essential in academic hospital medical centers where multiple specialties may be performing tracheostomies and health care providers frequently change.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:342–347, 2015