bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Size and Storm Surge Heights along the U.S. Gulf Coast
Authors: Needham Hal F. , Keim Barry D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn the past decade, several large tropical cyclones have generated catastrophic storm surges along the U.S. Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. These storms include Hurricanes Katrina, Ike, Isaac, and Sandy. This study uses empirical analysis of tropical cyclone data and maximum storm surge observations to investigate the role of tropical cyclone size in storm surge generation. Storm surge data are provided by the Storm Surge Database (SURGEDAT), a global storm surge database, while a unique tropical cyclone size dataset built from nine different data sources provides the size of the radius of maximum winds (Rmax) and the radii of 63 (34 kt), 93 (50 kt), and 119 km h−1 (64 kt) winds. Statistical analysis reveals an inverse correlation between storm surge magnitudes and Rmax sizes, while positive correlations exist between storm surge heights and the radius of 63 (34 kt), 93 (50 kt), and 119 km h−1 (64 kt) winds. Storm surge heights correlate best with the prelandfall radius of 93 km h−1 (50 kt) winds, with a Spearman correlation coefficient value of 0.82, significant at the 99.9% confidence level. Many historical examples support these statistical results. For example, the 1900 Galveston hurricane, the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, and Hurricane Camille all had small Rmax sizes but generated catastrophic surges. Hurricane Katrina provides an example of the importance of large wind fields, as hurricane-force winds extending 167 km [90 nautical miles (n mi)] from the center of circulation enabled this large storm to generate a higher storm surge level than Hurricane Camille along the same stretch of coast, even though Camille’s prelandfall winds were slightly stronger than Katrina’s. These results may be useful to the storm surge modeling community, as well as disaster science and emergency management professionals, who will benefit from better understanding the role of tropical cyclone size for storm surge generation.
The Atmospheric General Circulation in Thermodynamical Coordinates
Authors: Kjellsson Joakim , Döös Kristofer , Laliberté Frédéric B. , Zika Jan D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe zonal and meridional components of the atmospheric general circulation are used to define a global thermodynamic streamfunction in dry static energy versus latent heat coordinates. Diabatic motions in the tropical circulations and fluxes driven by midlatitude eddies are found to form a single, global thermodynamic cycle. Calculations based on the Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) dataset indicate that the cycle has a peak transport of 428 Sv (Sv ≡ 109 kg s−1). The thermodynamic cycle encapsulates a globally interconnected heat and water cycle comprising ascent of moist air where latent heat is converted into dry static energy, radiative cooling where dry air loses dry static energy, and a moistening branch where air is warmed and moistened. It approximately follows a tropical moist adiabat and is bounded by the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship for near-surface air. The variability of the atmospheric general circulation is related to ENSO events using reanalysis data from recent years (1979–2009) and historical simulations from the EC-Earth Consortium (EC-Earth) coupled climate model (1850–2005). The thermodynamic cycle in both EC-Earth and ERA-Interim widens and weakens with positive ENSO phases and narrows and strengthens during negative ENSO phases with a high correlation coefficient. Weakening in amplitude suggests a weakening of the large-scale circulation, while widening suggests an increase in mean tropical near-surface moist static energy.
The Impact of Observed Vegetation Changes on Land–Atmosphere Feedbacks During Drought
Authors: Meng X. H. , Evans J. P. , McCabe M. F. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived vegetation fraction data were used to update the boundary conditions of the advanced research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to assess the influence of realistic vegetation cover on climate simulations in southeast Australia for the period 2000–08. Results show that modeled air temperature was improved when MODIS data were incorporated, while precipitation changes little with only a small decrease in the bias. Air temperature changes in different seasons reflect the variability of vegetation cover well, while precipitation changes have a more complicated relationship to changes in vegetation fraction. Both MODIS and climatology-based simulation experiments capture the overall precipitation changes, indicating that precipitation is dominated by the large-scale circulation, with local vegetation changes contributing variations around these.
Simulated feedbacks between vegetation fraction, soil moisture, and drought over southeast Australia were also investigated. Results indicate that vegetation fraction changes lag precipitation reductions by 6–8 months in nonarid regions. With the onset of the 2002 drought, a potential fast physical mechanism was found to play a positive role in the soil moisture–precipitation feedback, while a slow biological mechanism provides a negative feedback in the soil moisture–precipitation interaction on a longer time scale. That is, in the short term, a reduction in soil moisture leads to a reduction in the convective potential and, hence, precipitation, further reducing the soil moisture. If low levels of soil moisture persist long enough, reductions in vegetation cover and vigor occur, reducing the evapotranspiration and thus reducing the soil moisture decreases and dampening the fast physical feedback. Importantly, it was observed that these feedbacks are both space and time dependent.
RUNX1 and NF-E2 upregulation is not specific for MPNs, but is seen in polycythemic disorders with augmented HIF signaling
Authors: Kapralova Katarina , Lanikova Lucie , Lorenzo Felipe , Song Jihyun , Horvathova Monika , Divoky Vladimir , Prchal Josef T. 
Published: December 2013

Key Points
Overexpression of RUNX1 and its target NF-E2 is not specific for PV but is also seen in polycythemias due to augmented hypoxia sensing. Elevated levels of RUNX1 and NF-E2 are not specific for primary polycythemias, as these are not present in PFCP.
MAR-mediated integration of plasmid vectors for in vivo gene transfer and regulation
Authors: Puttini Stefania , van Zwieten Ruthger W , Saugy Damien , Lekka Małgorzata , Hogger Florence , Ley Deborah , Kulik Andrzej J , Mermod Nicolas 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
The in vivo transfer of naked plasmid DNA into organs such as muscles is commonly used to assess the expression of prophylactic or therapeutic genes in animal disease models.

Results
In this study, we devised vectors allowing a tight regulation of transgene expression in mice from such non-viral vectors using a doxycycline-controlled network of activator and repressor proteins. Using these vectors, we demonstrate proper physiological response as consequence of the induced expression of two therapeutically relevant proteins, namely erythropoietin and utrophin. Kinetic studies showed that the induction of transgene expression was only transient, unless epigenetic regulatory elements termed Matrix Attachment Regions, or MAR, were inserted upstream of the regulated promoters. Using episomal plasmid rescue and quantitative PCR assays, we observed that similar amounts of plasmids remained in muscles after electrotransfer with or without MAR elements, but that a significant portion had integrated into the muscle fiber chromosomes. Interestingly, the MAR elements were found to promote plasmid genomic integration but to oppose silencing effects in vivo, thereby mediating long-term expression.

Conclusions
This study thus elucidates some of the determinants of transient or sustained expression from the use of non-viral regulated vectors in vivo.
Facilitating HIV status disclosure for pregnant women and partners in rural Kenya: a qualitative study
Authors: Walcott Melonie M , Hatcher Abigail M , Kwena Zachary , Turan Janet M 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Women’s ability to safely disclose their HIV-positive status to male partners is essential for uptake and continued use of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. However, little is known about the acceptability of potential approaches for facilitating partner disclosure. To lay the groundwork for developing an intervention, we conducted formative qualitative research to elicit feedback on three approaches for safe HIV disclosure for pregnant women and male partners in rural Kenya.

Methods
This qualitative acceptability research included in-depth interviews with HIV-infected pregnant women (n = 20) and male partners of HIV-infected women (n = 20) as well as two focus groups with service providers (n = 16). The participants were recruited at health care facilities in two communities in rural Nyanza Province, Kenya, during the period June to November 2011. Data were managed in NVivo 9 and analyzed using a framework approach, drawing on grounded theory.

Results
We found that facilitating HIV disclosure is acceptable in this context, but that individual participants have varying expectations depending on their personal situation. Many participants displayed a strong preference for couples HIV counseling and testing (CHCT) with mutual disclosure facilitated by a trained health worker. Home-based approaches and programs in which pregnant women are asked to bring their partners to the healthcare facility were equally favored. Participants felt that home-based CHCT would be acceptable for this rural setting, but special attention must be paid to how this service is introduced in the community, training of the health workers who will conduct the home visits, and confidentiality.

Conclusion
Pregnant couples should be given different options for assistance with HIV disclosure. Home-based CHCT could serve as an acceptable method to assist women and men with safe disclosure of HIV status. These findings can inform the design and implementation of programs geared at promoting HIV disclosure among pregnant women and partners, especially in the home-setting.
PARP inhibitors: current status and implications for anticancer therapeutics
Authors: Usmani Hadi , Hussain Syed Ather , Sheikh Asfandyar 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) comprise of a large family of 17 proteins encoded by various genes which participate in genome maintenance, apoptosis, inflammatory responses and the regulation of gene expression programs. PARP inhibitors, as therapeutic agents, come into play acting on both PARP 1 and PARP 2. These drugs seem to target tumor cells in a moment of vulnerability when they are undergoing DNA repair. In the past few years this class of anti-cancer drug has been discovered to show a promising niche in the clinic.
Infections in children with down syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the Canadian infections in AML research group
Authors: Tran Thai Hoa , Mitchell David , Dix David , Cellot Sonia , Ethier Marie-Chantal , Gillmeister Biljana , Hitzler Johann , Lewis Victor , Yanofsky Rochelle , Johnston Donna L , Portwine Carol , Price Victoria , Zelcer Shayna , Silva Mariana , Michon Bruno , Bowes Lynette , Stobart Kent , Brossard Josee , Beyene Joseph , Sung Lillian 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of infectious toxicity when treated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy protocols optimized in children without DS. Our objective was to determine if children with DS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a different risk of infection when treated with chemotherapy protocols developed for children with DS compared to AML treatment protocols developed for children without DS.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study that included DS children ≤ 18 years of age with de novo, non-M3 AML diagnosed between January 1995 and December 2004, and treated at 15 Canadian centers. Patients were monitored for infection from initiation of AML treatment until recovery from the last cycle of chemotherapy, conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, relapse, persistent disease or death (whichever occurred first). Trained research associates abstracted all information from each site.

Results
There were 31 children with DS included; median age was 1.7 (range 0.1-11.1) years. Eleven were treated according to a DS-specific protocol while 20 were treated with non-DS specific protocols. A total of 157 courses of chemotherapy were delivered. Microbiologically documented sterile site infection occurred in 11.9% and 14.3% of DS-specific and non-DS specific AML treatment courses respectively. Sepsis was rare and there were no infection-related deaths. In multiple regression, treatment with a DS-specific protocol was independently associated with a reduction in microbiologically documented sterile site infection (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42-0.99; P = 0.044), and clinically documented infection (adjusted OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14-0.91; P = 0.031) but not bacteremia (adjusted OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.44-1.22; P = 0.231).

Conclusions
Our study suggests that children with DS do not experience excessive infectious toxicity during treatment for AML compared to children without DS. Incorporation of DS-specific AML treatment protocols is associated with a more favorable infection profile for children with DS-AML.
Global transcriptome analysis of Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 during growth on dilute acid pretreated Populus and switchgrass
Authors: Wilson Charlotte M , Rodriguez Miguel , Johnson Courtney M , Martin Stanton L , Chu Tzu Ming , Wolfinger Russ D , Hauser Loren J , Land Miriam L , Klingeman Dawn M , Syed Mustafa H , Ragauskas Arthur J , Tschaplinski Timothy J , Mielenz Jonathan R , Brown Steven D 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe thermophilic anaerobeClostridium thermocellumis a candidate consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) biocatalyst for cellulosic ethanol production. The aim of this study was to investigateC. thermocellumgenes required to ferment biomass substrates and to conduct a robust comparison of DNA microarray and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analytical platforms.ResultsC. thermocellumATCC 27405 fermentations were conducted with a 5 g/L solid substrate loading of either pretreated switchgrass orPopulus. Quantitative saccharification and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES) for elemental analysis revealed composition differences between biomass substrates, which may have influenced growth and transcriptomic profiles. High quality RNA was prepared forC. thermocellumgrown on solid substrates and transcriptome profiles were obtained for two time points during active growth (12 hours and 37 hours postinoculation). A comparison of two transcriptomic analytical techniques, microarray and RNA-seq, was performed and the data analyzed for statistical significance. Large expression differences for cellulosomal genes were not observed. We updated gene predictions for the strain and a small novel gene, Cthe_3383, with a putative AgrD peptide quorum sensing function was among the most highly expressed genes. RNA-seq data also supported different small regulatory RNA predictions over others. The DNA microarray gave a greater number (2,351) of significant genes relative to RNA-seq (280 genes when normalized by the kernel density mean of M component (KDMM) method) in an analysis of variance (ANOVA) testing method with a 5% false discovery rate (FDR). When a 2-fold difference in expression threshold was applied, 73 genes were significantly differentially expressed in common between the two techniques. Sulfate and phosphate uptake/utilization genes, along with genes for a putative efflux pump system were some of the most differentially regulated transcripts when profiles forC. thermocellumgrown on either pretreated switchgrass orPopuluswere compared.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a high degree of agreement in differential gene expression measurements between transcriptomic platforms is possible, but choosing an appropriate normalization regime is essential.
Characterization of a Nagina22 rice mutant for heat tolerance and mapping of yield traits
Authors: Poli Yugandhar , Basava Ramana Kumari , Panigrahy Madhusmita , Vinukonda Vishnu Prasanth , Dokula Nageswara Rao , Voleti Sitapathi Rao , Desiraju Subrahmanyam , Neelamraju Sarla 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Heat is one of the major factors that considerably limit rice production. Nagina 22 (N22) is a deep-rooted, drought and heat tolerant aus rice cultivar. This study reports the characterization of a previously isolated dark green leaf mutant N22-H-dgl219 (NH219) which showed reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species in leaf under 40°C heat conditions.
The mutant was characterized for several traits in field under ambient (38°C) and heat stress (44°C) conditions by raising temperature artificially from flowering stage till maturity by covering plants with polythene sheets during dry season 2011. Yield traits were mapped in 70 F2 segregants of IR64 × NH219 and 36 F2 segregants of its reciprocal cross.

Results
Leaf proteome analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis from N22 and NH219 showed distinct constitutive expression of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain precursor (EC 4.1.1.39) in NH219 under ambient growth condition. Heat stress resulted in reduction of all 11 traits except plant height in both N22 and NH219. The extent of reduction was more in N22 than in NH219. Both pollen viability and spikelet fertility were not reduced significantly in N22 and NH219 but reduced by 20% in IR64.

Conclusion

NH219 is more tolerant to heat stress than wild type N22 as its percent yield reduction is lesser than N22. Single marker analysis showed significant association of RM1089 with number of tillers and yield per plant, RM423 with leaf senescence, RM584 with leaf width and RM229 with yield per plant.
Myogenesis in the sea urchin embryo: the molecular fingerprint of the myoblast precursors
Authors: Andrikou Carmen , Iovene Edmondo , Rizzo Francesca , Oliveri Paola , Arnone Maria Ina 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
In sea urchin larvae the circumesophageal fibers form a prominent muscle system of mesodermal origin. Although the morphology and later development of this muscle system has been well-described, little is known about the molecular signature of these cells or their precise origin in the early embryo. As an invertebrate deuterostome that is more closely related to the vertebrates than other commonly used model systems in myogenesis, the sea urchin fills an important phylogenetic gap and provides a unique perspective on the evolution of muscle cell development.

Results
Here, we present a comprehensive description of the development of the sea urchin larval circumesophageal muscle lineage beginning with its mesodermal origin using high-resolution localization of the expression of several myogenic transcriptional regulators and differentiation genes. A few myoblasts are bilaterally distributed at the oral vegetal side of the tip of the archenteron and first appear at the late gastrula stage. The expression of the differentiation genes Myosin Heavy Chain, Tropomyosin I and II, as well as the regulatory genes MyoD2, FoxF, FoxC, FoxL1, Myocardin, Twist, and Tbx6 uniquely identify these cells. Interestingly, evolutionarily conserved myogenic factors such as Mef2, MyoR and Six1/2 are not expressed in sea urchin myoblasts but are found in other mesodermal domains of the tip of the archenteron. The regulatory states of these domains were characterized in detail. Moreover, using a combinatorial analysis of gene expression we followed the development of the FoxF/FoxC positive cells from the onset of expression to the end of gastrulation. Our data allowed us to build a complete map of the Non-Skeletogenic Mesoderm at the very early gastrula stage, in which specific molecular signatures identify the precursors of different cell types. Among them, a small group of cells within the FoxY domain, which also express FoxC and SoxE, have been identified as plausible myoblast precursors. Together, these data support a very early gastrula stage segregation of the myogenic lineage.

Conclusions
From this analysis, we are able to precisely define the regulatory and differentiation signatures of the circumesophageal muscle in the sea urchin embryo. Our findings have important implications in understanding the evolution of development of the muscle cell lineage at the molecular level. The data presented here suggest a high level of conservation of the myogenic specification mechanisms across wide phylogenetic distances, but also reveal clear cases of gene cooption.
Diagnosis and treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy in an
in-patient alcohol detoxification unit: a completed audit
cycle
Authors: Delaffon Vijay , Naik Srinivas , Mann Rajandeep , Vahabzadeh Arshya , Millward Timothy , Majeed Adeel , Taylor Angela , Pant Anshuman 
Published: December 2013

Aims and methodA baseline audit of trainees' ability to recognise Wernicke's
encephalopathy and initiate appropriate thiamine regimes in an in-patient
alcohol detoxification unit was carried out. Based on the findings, gaps
were addressed using targeted education and training, and their impact on
improving standards of managing Wernicke's encephalopathy was
re-audited.ResultsThe initial audit revealed that trainees' ability to recognise Wernicke's
encephalopathy and initiate thiamine was inadequate. Significant
improvement in appropriate use of treatment regime (P < 0.05) of
thiamine and the monitoring of clinical response was observed after
addressing the initial gaps through education.Clinical implicationsTreatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy can be inadequate, given a lack of
awareness of clinical presentation and appropriate management. This can
be addressed through education and training.
Adverse medication events in a psychiatric practice: a
naturalistic study
Authors: Breen Eugene G. 
Published: December 2013

Aims and methodTo document the number and type of adverse medication events in a
psychiatric sector service. Significant new adverse events were collated
by the author and team over 30 months. Intervention to prevent any
adverse event was enacted as soon as any were noticed or anticipated.ResultsThirty-six significant events occurred including three deaths and nine
near misses. Corrective action was taken immediately any adverse event
occurred. Inadequate communication between various hospital clinics,
general practitioner practices, psychiatric clinics and pharmacies was
the biggest avoidable cause of adverse events.Clinical implicationsAwareness of adverse drug events is essential in psychiatry. Clear,
transparent pathways of prescribing are a key requirement to reduce
avoidable adverse medication events. Psychopharmacology is a core module
for psychiatric training.
Separation of 2,3-Butanediol Using ZSM-5 Zeolite Modified with Hydrophobic Molecular Spaces
Authors: Li Guofeng , Liu Weilin , Wang Xing , Yuan Qipeng 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Zeolite modified with the hydrophobic molecular spaces is presented here for separating 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO). The space layer favors the passage of organic alcohols through it and their storage in it. Combined with selective ether desorption, this efficiency-improved strategy could be an alternative route for obtaining the high-quality 2,3-BDO.