bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 5.25‐V‐tolerant bidirectional I/O circuit in a 28‐nm CMOS process
Authors: Ahn Keun‐Seon , Park Jae‐Woo , Yoo Changsik 
Published: March 2014

SummaryA 5.25‐V‐tolerant bidirectional I/O circuit has been developed in a 28‐nm standard complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) process with only 0.9 and 1.8 V transistors. The transistors of the I/O circuit are protected from over‐voltage stress by cascode transistors whose gate bias level is adaptively controlled according to the voltage level of the I/O pad. The n‐well bias level of the p‐type metal‐oxide‐semiconductor transistors of the I/O circuit is also adapted to the voltage level of the I/O pad to prevent any junction leakage. The 5.25‐V‐tolerant bidirectional I/O circuit occupies 40 µm × 170 µm of silicon area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conditional mutant allele for analysis of Mixl1 function in the mouse
Authors: Pulina Maria V. , Sahr Kenneth E. , Nowotschin Sonja , Baron Margaret H. , Hadjantonakis Anna‐Katerina 
Published: March 2014

SummaryMixl1 is the only member of the Mix/Bix homeobox gene family identified in mammals. During mouse embryogenesis, Mixl1 is first expressed at embryonic day (E)5.5 in cells of the visceral endoderm (VE). At the time of gastrulation, Mixl1 expression is detected in the vicinity of the primitive streak. Mixl1 is expressed in cells located within the primitive streak, in nascent mesoderm cells exiting the primitive streak, and in posterior VE overlying the primitive streak. Genetic ablation of Mixl1 in mice has revealed its crucial role in mesoderm and endoderm cell specification and tissue morphogenesis during early embryonic development. However, the early lethality of the constitutive Mixl1−/− mutant precludes the study of its role at later stages of embryogenesis and in adult mice. To circumvent this limitation, we have generated a conditional Mixl1 allele (Mixl1cKO) that permits temporal as well as spatial control of gene ablation. Animals homozygous for the Mixl1cKO conditional allele were viable and fertile. Mixl1KO/KO embryos generated by crossing of Mixl1cKO/cKO mice with Sox2‐Cre or EIIa‐Cre transgenic mice were embryonic lethal at early somite stages. By contrast to wild‐type embryos, Mixl1KO/KO embryos contained no detectable Mixl1, validating the Mixl1cKO as a protein null after Cre‐mediated excision. Mixl1KO/KO embryos resembled the previously reported Mixl1−/− mutant phenotype. Therefore, the Mixl1 cKO allele provides a tool for investigating the temporal and tissue‐specific requirements for Mixl1 in the mouse. genesis 52:417–423, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do riparian reserves support dung beetle biodiversity and ecosystem services in oil palm‐dominated tropical landscapes?
Authors: Gray Claudia L. , Slade Eleanor M. , Mann Darren J. , Lewis Owen T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAgricultural expansion and intensification are major threats to global biodiversity, ecological functions, and ecosystem services. The rapid expansion of oil palm in forested tropical landscapes is of particular concern given their high biodiversity. Identifying management approaches that maintain native species and associated ecological processes within oil palm plantations is therefore a priority. Riparian reserves are strips of forest retained alongside rivers in cultivated areas, primarily for their positive hydrological impact. However, they can also support a range of forest‐dependent species or ecosystem services. We surveyed communities of dung beetles and measured dung removal activity in an oil palm‐dominated landscape in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The species richness, diversity, and functional group richness of dung beetles in riparian reserves were significantly higher than in oil palm, but lower than in adjacent logged forests. The community composition of the riparian reserves was more similar to logged forest than oil palm. Despite the pronounced differences in biodiversity, we did not find significant differences in dung removal rates among land uses. We also found no evidence that riparian reserves enhance dung removal rates within surrounding oil palm. These results contrast previous studies showing positive relationships between dung beetle species richness and dung removal in tropical forests. We found weak but significant positive relationships between riparian reserve width and dung beetle diversity, and between reserve vegetation complexity and dung beetle abundance, suggesting that these features may increase the conservation value of riparian reserves.Synthesis and applications:The similarity between riparian reserves and logged forest demonstrates that retaining riparian reserves increases biodiversity within oil palm landscapes. However, the lack of correlation between dung beetle community characteristics and dung removal highlights the need for further research into spatial variation in biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships and how the results of such studies are affected by methodological choices.
Computational Properties of Hybrid Methods with PSO and DE
Authors: Muranaka Kenichi , Aiyoshi Eitaro 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present a new type of hybrid methods for global optimization with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE), which have been attracting interest as heuristic and global optimization methods. Concretely, “p‐best solutions” as the targets of PSO's particles are actuated by DE's evolutional mechanism in order to promote PSO's global searching ability. The presented hybrid method works effectively because PSO acts as a local optimizer and DE plays a role as a global optimizer. To evaluate performance of the hybridization, our method is applied to some benchmarks and is compared with the separated PSO and DE. Through computer simulations, it is demonstrated that the proposed hybrid method performs rather better than the component algorithms separately.
A Facile Strategy to Support Palladium Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes, Employing Polyvinylpyrrolidone as a Surface Modifier
Authors: Cardoso Mariana B. T. , Lewis Edward , Castro Pollyana S. , Dantas Luiza M. F. , De Oliveira Caio C. S. , Bertotti Mauro , Haigh Sarah J. , Camargo Pedro H. C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a facile and environmentally friendly strategy for supporting palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with ethanol as the solvent/reducing agent, potassium tetrachloropalladate(II) (K2PdCl4) as the Pd precursor, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the surface modifier. More specifically, our approach was based on the nonbonding interaction between MWCNTs and PVP, which is a cheap, nontoxic, and commercial polymer. As PVP can serve not only as a surface modifier but also as a stabilizing agent for Pd NPs, the utilization of additional functionalization steps, reducing agents, and stabilizers was not required to achieve uniform Pd deposition over the MWCNTs. Our results demonstrate that Pd NPs below 5 nm in diameter can be directly supported on MWCNTs by this route. Also, sequential Pd‐reduction steps can be employed to improve the coverage of Pd NPs at the MWCNT surfaces, although this can also lead to the formation of larger Pd particles or aggregates. The electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation was investigated as a function of the composition and structure of the materials produced, in which MWCNTs decorated with Pd NPs of smaller sizes and lower coverages displayed the highest activities. The results described herein suggest that our approach may serve as a simple platform for the synthesis of MWCNTs decorated with metal NPs with well‐defined morphologies and uniform dispersion for electrochemical and catalytic applications.
One‐Pot Synthesis of CF3‐Substituted Pyrazolines/Pyrazoles from Electron‐Deficient Alkenes/Alkynes and CF3CHN2 Generated in situ: Optimized Synthesis of Tris(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole
Authors: Slobodyanyuk Evgeniy Y. , Artamonov Olexiy S. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Mykhailiuk Pavel K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe [3+2] cycloaddition of CF3CHN2, generated in situ, with electron‐deficient alkenes/alkynes affords CF3‐substituted pyrazolines/pyrazoles in quantitative yields. The one‐pot three‐component reaction between CF3CH2NH2·HCl, NaNO2, and the substrate proceeds at room temperature in dichloromethane/water.
Overview of Design Issues in Product‐Integrated Photovoltaics
Authors: Apostolou Georgia , Reinders Angèle H. M. E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of the design features and characteristics of photovoltaic (PV)‐powered products based on a literature study on product‐integrated PV and an analysis of 90 PV‐powered products executed during 2011–2013. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the current knowledge of PV products regarding their basic design issues. It is noticeable that PV technology is applicable to many product categories, for indoor or outdoor use, of various power levels ranging from 1 mW for consumer products up to hundreds of kilowatts for solar airplanes. The main findings show that 14 % of the products analyzed are used indoors, whereas 67 % are used outdoors. Examples are given concerning the environmental impact of PIPV and users’ interactions with them. It is expected that more PV products will emerge in the following years, such as sensors, micro‐energy harvesting systems, and lighting products, the latter in particular for outdoor use. Success in this field is important to reduce the environmental impact of batteries used in products. Furthermore, it might be relevant to design products suitable for different user profiles, targeting a higher product performance according to a specific user context.
Protective effect of resveratrol against pressure overload‐induced heart failure
Authors: Gupta Prakash K. , DiPette Donald J. , Supowit Scott C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTransverse aortic constriction (TAC)‐induced pressure overload (PO) causes adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction that progresses to heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the potent antioxidant, resveratrol, significantly attenuates PO‐induced HF in wild‐type mice. Male C57BL6 mice were subjected to either sham or TAC surgery. One group of TAC mice was given daily resveratrol treatment. Echocardiographic, biometric, and immunohistological analyses were performed on the three groups of mice. All echocardiographic parameters demonstrated significantly greater adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in the TAC compared to the sham mice. Increases in the ratios of heart weight (HW)/body weight (BW) and lung weight (LW)/BW and a sharp decline in the percentage of ejection fraction and fractional shortening were found in TAC relative to sham mice. Likewise, the TAC protocol increased markers of oxidative stress, cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, hypoxia, and apoptosis. These pathological changes were significantly attenuated by resveratrol treatment. Resveratrol treatment significantly attenuates the adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction produced by the TAC protocol in C57/BL6 mice and this activity is mediated, at least in part, by the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation indicating a therapeutic potential of resveratrol in HF.
Hippocampal output area CA1 broadcasts a generalized novelty signal during an object‐place recognition task
Authors: Larkin Margaret Carr , Lykken Christine , Tye Lynne D. , Wickelgren Jeanette Graham , Frank Loren M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAnimals display an innate preference for novelty, spending more time exploring both novel objects and familiar objects in novel locations. This increase in exploration is thought to allow the animal to gather the information necessary to encode new experiences. Despite extensive evidence that increased exploration following spatial change requires the hippocampus, the pattern of hippocampal activity that supports this behavior remains unknown. We examined activity in hippocampal output area CA1 and one synapse upstream in area CA3 while freely behaving rats performed an object‐place recognition task. We found that the presence of novelty substantially altered activity in CA1, but not in CA3. During exploration of displaced familiar objects and novel objects in unexpected locations, CA1 place cells showed robust increases in firing rate. These firing rate increases persisted during sharp wave ripples, when place cell representations of previous experiences are replayed. Unexpectedly, increases in CA1 activity were not spatially restricted to regions of the environment that underwent change, indicating a generalized novelty signal. We suggest that hippocampal area CA1 broadcasts the presence of novelty, rather than signaling what is novel, and simultaneously becomes more plastic, allowing the integration of new information into previously stored memories. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do Manualized Treatments for Depression Reduce Insomnia Symptoms?
Authors: Yon Adriana , Scogin Forrest , DiNapoli Elizabeth A. , McPherron Jesse , Arean Patricia A. , Bowman Daniel , Jamison Christine S. , Karpe Jennifer A. , Latour David , Reynolds Charles F. , Rohen Noelle , Pardini Jamie E. L. , Thompson Larry W. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveResearchers evaluated the effect of manualized treatments for depression on comorbid symptoms of insomnia.MethodHierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze archival data collected from 14 studies (N = 910) examining the efficacy of psychological treatments for depression in adults.ResultsParticipants receiving a psychological treatment for depression experienced significantly more relief from symptoms of insomnia with overall, early‐, middle‐, and late‐night sleep than those not receiving such treatment.ConclusionSymptoms of insomnia in those with an average (or lower) level of depression can be reduced through psychological treatment for depression. However, more severe depressive symptoms do not receive great relief from sleep disturbance and may require an additional treatment component targeting symptoms of insomnia.
Ultrascale and microscale growth dynamics of the cidaroid spine of Phyllacanthus imperialis revealed by 26Mg labeling and NanoSIMS isotopic imaging
Authors: Gorzelak Przemysław , Stolarski Jarosław , Dery Aurélie , Dubois Philippe , Escrig Stéphane , Meibom Anders 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGrowth dynamics of the primary spine of the cidaroid sea urchin Phyllacanthus imperialis was assessed for the first time using pulsed 26Mg‐labeling and NanoSIMS isotopic imaging. The sea urchin was incubated twice (for 48 h) in artificial seawater with elevated level of 26Mg. After each labeling event, the sea urchin was returned for 72 h to seawater with natural isotopic abundance of 26Mg. NanoSIMS ion microprobe was subsequently used to visualize the labeled regions of the spine with submicrometer lateral resolution. The growth of the new skeleton was restricted to the distalmost and peripheral portions of the spine. Skeletogenesis involved mostly the deposition of continuous thickening layers and lateral growth involving bridges between previously formed trabeculae. The timescale of formation of individual thickening layers (ca. 1 µm in width) on the stereom trabeculae was on the order of 1 day. Longitudinal growth occurred mainly at the periphery in the form of small portions of the thickening deposits or more massive microspines that appeared to branch and fuse with those above and below. These microspines were found to grow at about 10 µm/day. These results reveal that the skeletal growth of a juvenile cidaroid spine is complex and highly heterogeneous, with different extension rates depending on the stage of the stereom development and/or direction of the growth fronts. The growth pattern observed here at the submicrometer scale provides direct evidence supporting the earlier suggestions that the lamellar structure of echinoderm stereom is formed by periodic deposition of continuous mineral layers. J. Morphol. 275:788–796, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microporous Poly(Schiff Base) Constructed from Tetraphenyladamantane Units for Adsorption of Gases and Organic Vapors
Authors: Li Guiyang , Zhang Biao , Wang Zhonggang 
Published: March 2014

A new microporous poly(Schiff base) (PSN‐3) is constructed from 1,3,5,7‐tetrakis(4‐formylphenyl)adamantane and 1,3,5,7‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)adamantane through an A4‐A4′ reaction. The surface and internal morphologies of porous PSN‐3 are examined by FE‐SEM and HR‐TEM. PSN‐3 exhibits a BET surface area of 865 m2 g−1 with a major pore size around 0.6 nm. Moreover, PSN‐3 can uptake 1.32 wt% H2 (77 K/1 bar), 13.6 wt% CO2 (273 K/1 bar), 80.5 wt% benzene, and 63.7 wt% cyclohexane (298 K/0.9 bar). The adsorption selectivities for CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, benzene/N2, and benzene/H2O are 88, 16, 267, and 19, respectively. The high adsorption capacities and selectivities for gases and vapors make PSN‐3 a promising candidate for H2 storage, CO2 capture, and recovery of organic pollutants.
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Nesfatin‐1 increases energy expenditure and reduces food intake in rats
Authors: Wernecke Kerstin , Lamprecht Ingolf , Jöhren Olaf , Lehnert Hendrik , Schulz Carla 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveEnergy homeostasis results from a balance of food intake and energy expenditure, accomplished by the interaction of peripheral and central nervous signals. The recently discovered adipokine nesfatin‐1 is involved in the central control of food intake, but whether it also participates in the regulation of thermogenesis is unknown.MethodsNesfatin‐1 was administered intracerebroventricularly to freely moving, male Wistar rats and direct calorimetry was performed to assess its effects on thermogenesis. Furthermore, food intake was measured and hypothalamic and N. tractus solitarius (NTS) neuropeptide expression was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerace chain reaction. Leptin, which is involved in both the regulation of food intake and thermogenesis, was used as positive control.ResultsFor the first time it was shown that central nervous administration of nesfatin‐1 profoundly increases thermogenesis in rats to a similar extent as leptin and the role of both peptides in the control of food intake was confirmed. Nesfatin‐1 significantly downregulated neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA expression in both hypothalamus and NTS.ConclusionsThe results strongly support the prominent role of nesfatin‐1 for both energy expenditure and food intake and NPY neurons appear to be involved in this effect.
2″‐4″ diameter GaN‐on‐sapphire substrates free of wafer bow at all temperatures
Authors: Preble Edward A. , Leach Jacob H. , Metzger Robert , Shishkin Eugene , Udwary Kevin A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA heteroepitaxial GaN‐on‐sapphire template growth strategy is presented that eliminates wafer bow in the final structure at both room temperature and at high crystal growth temperatures. The technology is demonstrated here on 2″ and 4″ substrate sizes with GaN epitaxy thicknesses up to 150 µm with a sub‐nm, epi‐ready, final surface roughness. Wafer bow vs. temperature measurements for (a) 15 µm of GaN on 4″ 650 µm thick sapphire showing 280 µm bow shift, (b) 10 µm GaN film on 2″ 430µm thick sapphire showing 120 µm bow shift, and (c) and (d), 15 µm of FLAAT GaN on 2″ and 4″ sapphire, respectively, each showing less than 30 µm of bow shift. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling the effects of land–sea contrast on tropical cyclone precipitation under environmental vertical wind shear
Authors: Li Yubin , Cheung Kevin K. W. , Chan Johnny C. L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe precipitation pattern of a landfalling tropical cyclone (TC) with and without a weak environmental vertical wind shear (VWS) is investigated using WRF/NCAR model simulations under idealized conditions. In the simulations without VWS, results show that for the outer band (r ∼ 100–300 km), the cold and dry air originating over smooth land is advected offshore, reduces the stability and develops a band of rainfall on the eastern side of the TC, while the rough land surface tends to trigger more rainfall to the west. For the inner core (r< 100 km), there is only small rainfall asymmetry when the land surface is smooth and dry, but with a rough land surface, the rainfall asymmetry becomes evident and generally stronger rainfall is found over the land areas to the west. Further experiments are performed to compare the effects from weak environmental VWS and land–sea contrast. It is found that the storm‐scale (within 400 km from TC centre) VWS changes continuously in direction and magnitude due to asymmetric diabatic heating and accompanying upper‐level winds. The rainfall pattern in the inner‐core region follows closely the storm‐scale VWS with a downshear‐left relationship regardless of the surface properties, while in the outer‐band region, rainfall distribution is first strongly affected by the surface roughness before landfall and by the environmental VWS afterwards. Therefore, an evolving rainfall–VWS (both environmental and due to storm‐scale dynamics) relationship during TC landfall results.
Utilization of real‐time electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to gain further insight into the course of nucleotide degradation by intestinal alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Kaufmann Christine M. , Graßmann Johanna , Treutter Dieter , Letzel Thomas 
Published: March 2014

RATIONALERelated with its ability to degrade nucleotides, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (iAP) is an important participant in intestinal pH regulation and inflammatory processes. However, its activity has been investigated mainly by using artificial non‐nucleotide substrates to enable the utilization of conventional colorimetric methods. To capture the degradation of the physiological nucleotide substrate of the enzyme along with arising intermediates and the final product, the enzymatic assay was adapted to mass spectrometric detection. Therewith, the drawbacks associated with colorimetric methods could be overcome.METHODSEnzymatic activity was comparatively investigated with a conventional colorimetric malachite green method and a single quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization source using the physiological nucleotide substrates ATP, ADP or AMP and three different pH‐values in either methodological approach. By this means the enzymatic activity was assessed on the one hand by detecting the phosphate release spectrometrically at defined time points of enzymatic reaction or on the other by continuous monitoring with mass spectrometric detection.RESULTSAdaption of the enzymatic assay to mass spectrometric detection disclosed the entire course of all reaction components – substrate, intermediates and product – resulting from the degradation of substrate, thereby pointing out a stepwise removal of phosphate groups. By calculating enzymatic substrate conversion rates a distinctively slower degradation of AMP compared to ADP or ATP was revealed together with the finding of a substrate competition between ATP and ADP at alkaline pH.CONCLUSIONSThe comparison of colorimetric and mass spectrometric methods to elucidate enzyme kinetics and specificity clearly underlines the advantages of mass spectrometric detection for the investigation of complex multi‐component enzymatic assays. The entire course of enzymatic substrate degradation was revealed with different nucleotide substrates, thus allowing a specific monitoring of intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.