bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Canadian harp seal hunt: observations on the effectiveness of procedures to avoid poor animal welfare outcomes
Authors: Daoust P-Y , Caraguel C 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Canadian harp seal(Pagophilus groenlandicus)hunt has, for several decades, raised public concerns related to animal welfare. The field conditions under which this hunt is carried out do not lend themselves easily to detailed observations and analyses of its killing practices. This article reports observations carried out over several seasons that aimed at obtaining more specific information about the conditions under which seals are killed, in order to assess potential welfare issues and explore avenues for possible improvements in its practice. A standardised three-step process for killing seals (ie stunning, checking by palpation of the skull, and bleeding) was recently implemented to maximise the proportion of animals that are killed rapidly with minimum pain. Based on field observations, the rifle and the hakapik, when used properly, appeared to be efficient tools for stunning and/or killing young harp seals. All carcases of seals observed to be killed with a rifle, either on the ice or in the water, could be recovered. However, shooting seals in water rather than on ice carried a higher risk of poor welfare outcome because of the limited opportunities to shoot the animals again if not stunned with the first shot. Based on current practices, there is no reliable evidence that the Canadian harp seal hunt differs from other forms of exploitation of wildlife resources from the perspective of animal welfare. Although opportunistic field observations may be less amenable to generalisation than structured studies, we believe that they reflect the reality of the hunt and provide valuable information to direct the evolution of its practice.
Non‐Enzymatic Geometry‐Selective Acylation of Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted α,α′‐Alkenediols
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Mishiro Kenji , Ueda Yoshihiro , Shigeta Takashi , Furuta Takumi , Kawabata Takeo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA highly geometry‐selective organocatalytic acylation of tri‐ and tetra‐substituted 2‐alkylidene‐1,3‐propanediols has been developed. The highly E‐selective acylation of various tetrasubstituted 2‐alkylidene‐1,3‐propanediols was achieved in 96 to >99% selectivity for the first time by a non‐enzymatic protocol.
Iterative One‐Pot α‐Glycosylation Strategy: Application to Oligosaccharide Synthesis
Authors: Liu Chih‐Yueh Ivan , Mulani Shaheen , Mong Kwok‐Kong Tony 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBased on the combined use of dimethylformamide (DMF) modulation and neighboring group participation, three iterative one‐pot α‐glycosylation methods, i.e., one‐pot (α,α)‐, one‐pot (β,α)‐, and one‐pot (α,β)‐glycosylations, were developed. These methods are applicable to a range of thioglycosyl donors, confer stereocontrol in α‐/β‐glycosidic bond formation, and thus provide for rapid access to oligosaccharides with various permutations of anomeric configurations. The utility of these one‐pot glycosylation methods is demonstrated in the synthesis of eight non‐natural and natural oligosaccharide targets, including the core 1 serine conjugate, core 8 serine conjugate, the D‐Gal‐α(1→3)‐D‐Glc‐α(1→3)‐L‐Rha trisaccharide unit of the cell wall component in Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the D‐Glc‐α(1→2)‐D‐Glc‐α(1→3)‐D‐Glc trisaccharide terminus of the N‐linked glycan precursor. Confirmation of the anomeric configurations of these oligosaccharides is evidenced by 1H, 13C, 13C‐non‐proton decoupling, and heteronuclear correlation 2D NMR experiments. Global deprotection of selected oligosaccharide targets is illustrated.
Synthesis and performance of a modified polycarboxylate dispersant for concrete possessing enhanced cement compatibility
Authors: Habbaba Ahmad , Lange Alex , Plank Johann 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIt is well established that the performance of polycarboxylate (PCE) superplasticizers can be severely affected by the composition of individual cements. Here, a novel allylether/maleic anhydride (APEG)‐based PCE was synthesized using allyl maleate monomer as a new, additional building block. When polymerized into the PCE main chain, this building block was found to form a cyclic lactone structure. The resulting PCE molecule was tested with respect to the dispersing force in cements possessing different phase compositions and alkali sulfate (K2SO4) contents. These data were compared with those from conventional APEG‐ and methacrylate ester (MPEG)‐type PCEs. Results obtained from cement paste flowability and adsorption measurements suggest that the modified PCE disperses all cement samples well and hence is more robust against variations in cement composition. Apparently, the new building block induces a higher affinity of the polymer to the surface of cement and can form a denser polymer layer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Disease modelling using induced pluripotent stem cells: Status and prospects
Authors: Pomp Oz , Colman Alan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe ability to convert human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is allowing the production of custom‐tailored cells for drug discovery and for the study of disease phenotypes at the cellular and molecular level. IPSCs have been derived from patients suffering from a large variety of disorders with different severities. In many cases, disease related phenotypes have been observed in iPSCs or their lineage‐specific progeny. Several proof of concept studies have demonstrated that these phenotypes can be reversed in vitro using approved drugs. However, several challenges must be overcome to take full advantage of this technology. Here, we highlight recent advances in the field and discuss the main challenges associated with this technology as it applies to disease modelling.
Child Protection in Ballet: Experiences and Views of Teachers, Administrators and Ballet Students
Authors: Papaefstathiou Maria , Rhind Daniel , Brackenridge Celia 
Published: November 2012

Over the past 15 years, there has been a growing concern regarding child protection (CP) in the sport context yet there remains a lack of research into how key stakeholders view related CP policies. The present exploratory case study of a UK ballet organisation focuses on the following research questions: (1) What are the key elements of good practice for CP in ballet? and (2) Which discourses are adopted by ballet stakeholders when discussing CP‐related experiences? Semi‐structured interviews and self‐report semi‐structured questionnaires were conducted with 13 stakeholders drawn from ballet teachers, students and administrators. Inductive analysis revealed five welfare discourses: positive, neutral, negative, contradictory and rationalising. A tendency to normalise negative experiences in ballet was also identified. The CP‐related policy knowledge of teachers and administrators was generally satisfactory with some gaps being highlighted. Recommendations for implementation of CP policy in ballet are outlined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Semi‐structured interviews and self‐report semi‐structured questionnaires were conducted with 13 stakeholders’Key Practitioner Messages

There is growing concern for CP in contexts which attract the participation of children.
Aesthetic activities, such as ballet, have been identified as facing welfare issues.
Ballet students' experiences can vary, thus indicating a need for CP policy implementation.
Elements of good practice for CP indicate a safe environment.
Recommendations for preventative and proactive CP policy implementation are outlined.
Tailoring Encodable Lanthanide‐Binding Tags as MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: Daughtry Kelly D. , Martin Langdon J. , Sarraju Ashish , Imperiali Barbara , Allen Karen N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLanthanide‐binding tags (LBTs), peptide‐based coexpression tags with high affinity for lanthanide ions, have previously been applied as luminescent probes to provide phasing for structure determination in X‐ray crystallography and to provide restraints for structural refinement and distance information in NMR. The native affinity of LBTs for Gd3+ indicates their potential as the basis for engineering of peptide‐based MRI agents. However, the lanthanide coordination state that enhances luminescence and affords tightest binding would not be ideal for applications of LBTs as contrast agents, due to the exclusion of water from the inner coordination sphere. Herein, we use structurally defined LBTs as the starting point for re‐engineering the first coordination shell of the lanthanide ion to provide for high contrast through direct coordination of water to Gd3+ (resulting in the single LBT peptide, m‐sLBT). The effectiveness of LBTs as MRI contrast agents was examined in vitro through measurement of binding affinity and proton relaxivity. For imaging applications that require targeted observation, fusion to specific protein partners is desirable. However, a fusion protein comprising a concatenated double LBT (dLBT) as an N‐terminal tag for the model protein ubiquitin had reduced relaxivity compared with the free dLBT peptide. This limitation was overcome by the use of a construct based on the m‐sLBT sequence (q‐dLBT–ubiquitin). The structural basis for the enhanced contrast was examined by comparison of the X‐ray crystal structure of xq‐dLBT–ubiquitin (wherein two tryptophan residues are replaced with serine), to that of dLBT‐ubiquitin. The structure shows that the backbone conformational dynamics of the MRI variant may allow enhanced water exchange. This engineered LBT represents a first step in expanding the current base of specificity‐targeted agents available.
Synthesis and Properties of Fused‐Ring‐Expanded Porphyrins that were Core‐Modified with Group 16 Heteroatoms
Authors: Xu Hai‐Jun , Mack John , Wu Di , Xue Zhao‐Li , Descalzo Ana B. , Rurack Knut , Kobayashi Nagao , Shen Zhen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of novel core‐modified and fused‐ring‐expanded tetraphenylporphyrins is reported. Theoretical calculations and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and fluorescence spectroscopic measurements were used to analyze the effect of core modification with Group 16 oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium atoms on the optical properties and electronic structures of the porphyrins. Marked redshifts of the Q and B bands and accelerated intersystem‐crossing rates were observed, thus making these compounds potentially suitable for use in a variety of applications. The scope for further fine‐tuning of these optical properties based on additional structural modifications, such as the incorporation of fused benzene rings to form ABAB structures by using a thiophene precursor with a fused bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene ring and the introduction of various substituents onto the meso‐phenyl rings, is also examined.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of 1,3‐Enynes and Aldehydes by Transfer Hydrogenation: anti‐Diastereoselective Carbonyl Propargylation
Authors: Geary Laina M. , Leung Joyce C. , Krische Michael J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUnder the conditions of ruthenium‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation employing isopropanol as a source of hydrogen, isopropoxy‐substituted enyne 1 b and aldehydes 3 a–3 l engage in reductive coupling to provide products of propargylation 4 a–4 l with good to complete levels of anti‐diastereoselectivity. The unprotected tertiary hydroxy moiety of isopropoxy enyne 1 b is required to enforce diastereoselectivity. Deuterium‐labeling studies corroborate reversible enyne hydrometalation in advance of carbonyl addition. As demonstrated in the conversion of 4 f–h and 4 k to 5 f–h and 5 k, the isopropoxy group of the product is readily cleaved upon exposure to aqueous sodium hydroxide to reveal the terminal alkyne.
A Two‐Stage Molecular Retractable Cable Featuring Push‐Button and Rotary Two‐Way Switching Modes
Authors: Chuang Chun‐Ju , Lai Chien‐Chen , Liu Yi‐Hung , Peng Shie‐Ming , Chiu Sheng‐Hsien 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA molecular cage based [2]rotaxane is reported in which the linear thread component can be elongated and contracted in a stepwise manner, mimicking a two‐stage retractable cable that can be operated in both push‐button (free‐selection) and rotary (continuous‐change) modes, depending on the choice of reagents.
Direct sp3 CH Amination of Nitrogen‐Containing Benzoheterocycles Mediated by Visible‐Light‐Photoredox Catalysts
Authors: Miyake Yoshihiro , Nakajima Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2012

AbstractVisible‐light‐mediated direct sp3 CH amination of benzocyclic amines via α‐aminoalkyl radicals by using photoredox catalysts is described here. The obtained N,N‐acetals were also successfully applied for carbon–carbon bond forming reactions with carbon nucleophiles. The procedure is suitable for a late‐stage modification of CH bonds to CC bonds.
Combined and interactive effects of global climate change and toxicants on populations and communities
Authors: Moe S. Jannicke , De Schamphelaere Karel , Clements William H. , Sorensen Mary T. , Van den Brink Paul J. , Liess Matthias 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Increased temperature and other environmental effects of global climate change (GCC) have documented impacts on many species (e.g., polar bears, amphibians, coral reefs) as well as on ecosystem processes and species interactions (e.g., the timing of predator–prey interactions). A challenge for ecotoxicologists is to predict how joint effects of climatic stress and toxicants measured at the individual level (e.g., reduced survival and reproduction) will be manifested at the population level (e.g., population growth rate, extinction risk) and community level (e.g., species richness, food-web structure). The authors discuss how population- and community-level responses to toxicants under GCC are likely to be influenced by various ecological mechanisms. Stress due to GCC may reduce the potential for resistance to and recovery from toxicant exposure. Long-term toxicant exposure can result in acquired tolerance to this stressor at the population or community level, but an associated cost of tolerance may be the reduced potential for tolerance to subsequent climatic stress (or vice versa). Moreover, GCC can induce large-scale shifts in community composition, which may affect the vulnerability of communities to other stressors. Ecological modeling based on species traits (representing life-history traits, population vulnerability, sensitivity to toxicants, and sensitivity to climate change) can be a promising approach for predicting combined impacts of GCC and toxicants on populations and communities. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:49–61. © 2012 SETAC
Resampling the bioconcentration factors data from Japan's chemical substances control law database to simulate and evaluate the bioconcentration factors derived from minimized aqueous exposure tests
Authors: Hashizume Naoki , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Murakami Hidekazu , Ozaki Hiromichi , Tanabe Aiko , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Yoshida Tomohiko , Kikushima Erina , Tsuji Toshiaki 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Existing standard bioconcentration tests (e.g., the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD] test guideline 305) require large numbers of test animals and resources. The minimized aqueous exposure test is a new approach based on the standard bioconcentration test but allows estimation of bioconcentration factor (BCF) by minimized sampling of the test fish. The authors collected BCF data (298 curves from 155 chemicals, using common carp as test species) from Japan's Chemical Substances Control Law database and resampled the data to simulate the calculation of BCF that would be obtained if studies had been designed to obtain kinetic BCF derived from minimized aqueous exposure tests (BCFkm). The correlation was high (r2 = 0.967) between BCF derived from standard bioconcentration tests (BCFfull) and BCFkm. The average value of the BCFfull to BCFkm ratio (BCFfull:BCFkm) was 1.04 and ranged from 0.54 to 1.93, the 5th and 95th percentiles being 0.74 and 1.45, respectively. The results based on the 5th and 95th percentiles of the BCFfull:BCFkm ratio suggest that BCFfull 2,000 corresponds to BCFkm 1,400 to 2,700, whereas BCFfull 5,000 corresponds to BCFkm 3,400 to 6,800. The authors also emphasize that the standard bioconcentration test should be performed when the resulting BCFkm is in the region of regulatory concern. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:406–409. © 2012 SETAC
Lessons learned from a comparison of evidence‐based research in pregnant opioid‐dependent women
Authors: Winklbaur‐Hausknost Bernadette , Jagsch Reinhold , Graf‐Rohrmeister Klaudia , Unger Annemarie , Baewert Andjela , Langer Martin , Thau Kenneth , Fischer Gabriele 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesLessons learned in research and treatment of opioid dependence demonstrate the need to include pregnant women in clinical trials.MethodsTwo double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomized controlled trials (Pilot study, European sample† of MOTHER‐trial) comparing buprenorphine and methadone in opioid‐dependent pregnant women were conducted. In both studies, participants received voucher‐based incentives for attendance and completion of study assessments. In the MOTHER trial, participants additionally received escalating voucher incentives for drug‐free urine samples. Neonatal abstinence syndrome was treated with oral morphine solution based on standardized modified Finnegan scores.ResultsAfter a mean treatment period of 13.79 weeks in the Pilot study (PS, n = 18) and 20.78 weeks in the MOTHER‐trial (MT, n = 41), respectively (p < 0.001), PS patients delivered at mean doses of 14.00 mg buprenorphine/52.50 mg methadone and MT participants at 13.44 mg buprenorphine/63.68 mg methadone. Nonsignificant differences regarding dropout rates were found (22% in PS versus 10% in MT), but dropout was significantly earlier in the MT (p = 0.013). Significantly higher rates of concomitant consumption of opioids and benzodiazepines occurred in the PS compared with the MT (p < 0.001), however, with no significant differences in neonatal data between both settings.ConclusionsEarly treatment enrolment combined with contingency management contributes to reduced illicit drug use throughout pregnancy, surprisingly without influencing neonatal outcome parameters. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in QT interval after switching to quetiapine in Japanese patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Suzuki Yutaro , Sugai Takuro , Fukui Naoki , Watanabe Junzo , Ono Shin , Tsuneyama Nobuto , Saito Mami , Someya Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesThere are few reports regarding quetiapine (QTP)‐related QT prolongation. We examined the change in QT interval after switching from aripiprazole (ARP), olanzapine (OLZ), or risperidone (RIS) to QTP.MethodsTwenty subjects treated with ARP, OLZ, or RIS were enrolled in the study. Following baseline assessments, which included QT interval and electrolytes, these three drugs were switched to QTP for each subject. The same parameters were evaluated following a switch to QTP.ResultsAll 20 patients who had been treated with ARP, OLZ, or RIS were successfully switched to QTP. Significant increases were observed in the total mean corrected QT (QTc) interval after switching (p = 0.014). The coefficient of variation for the extent of change in QTc interval was 1.66. The mean QTc with ARP treatment was significantly increased after QTP treatment (p = 0.004).ConclusionsQuetiapine might have a greater effect on QTc interval than other second‐generation antipsychotics. However, because there was a considerable variability in the extent of QTc prolongation after switch to QTP, further studies are required to clarify the effect of QTP on QTc interval. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CXCL14 enhances proliferation and migration of NCI‐H460 human lung cancer cells overexpressing the glycoproteins containing heparan sulfate or sialic acid
Authors: Park Cho Rong , You Dong‐Joo , Kim Dong‐Kyu , Moon Mi Jin , Lee Cheolju , Oh Seung‐Hyun , Ahn Curie , Seong Jae Young , Hwang Jong‐Ik 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCXCL14 is a chemokine family member that is involved in various cellular responses in addition to immune cell activation. Although constitutive CXCL14 expression in normal epithelial cells may help protect against infection by activating immune systems, its expression in cancer cells has raised controversy regarding its possible role in tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms for this disparity remain unknown. Investigation of cellular CXCL14 binding properties might increase our understanding of the peptide's roles in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we found that CXCL14 binds to various cell types. Interestingly, binding to NCI‐H460 cells was prevented by heparan sulfate and N‐acetyl neuraminic acid. Next, we examined effect of CXCL14 binding in NCI‐H460 and NCI‐H23. CXCL14 enhanced proliferation and migration in NCI‐H460 but had no effect on NCI‐H23. A reporter gene assay with various transcription factor response elements revealed that only nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling was activated by CXCL14 in NCI‐H460 cells, which was blocked by BAPTA‐AM, TPCA‐1, and brefeldin A. Exogenous expression of some glycoproteins such as syndecan‐4, podoplanin, and CD43 in these cells enhanced CXCL14 binding and NF‐κB activity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CXCL14 binding to glycoproteins harboring heparan sulfate proteoglycans and sialic acids leads proliferation and migration of some cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1084–1096, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intrinsic properties of tumour cells have a key impact on the bystander effect mediated by genetically engineered mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Matuskova Miroslava , Baranovicova Lenka , Kozovska Zuzana , Durinikova Erika , Pastorakova Andrea , Hunakova Lubica , Waczulikova Iveta , Nencka Radim , Kucerova Lucia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundEngineered mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been used in many preclinical studies of gene directed enzyme/prodrug therapy. We aimed to compare the efficacy of two most frequently used systems, as well as evaluate the extent of a bystander effect mediated by therapeutic MSC towards cell lines derived from different tumours.MethodsTwo approaches were compared: (i) herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK)/ganciclovir (GCV) and (ii) yeast cytosine deaminase fused with uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (CD::UPRT)/5‐fluorocytosine (5‐FC). The cytotoxic effect mediated by therapeutic MSC was evaluated in direct co‐culture by a fluorimetric assay. The expression profile of tumour cells was analyzed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the ability of gap‐junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) was evaluated by a dye transfer assay.ResultsBoth systems were effective only on glioblastoma cells (8‐MG‐BA). The CD::UPRT‐MSC/5‐FC system showed efficiency on melanoma A375 cells. We decreased the sensitivity of 8‐MG‐BA cells and A375 cells to the CD::UPRT‐MSC/5‐FC system by pharmacological inhibition of thymidylate synthase, and we achieved a similar result in A375 cells by inhibition of thymidine phosphorylase. Although we demonstrated functional GJIC in A375 cells, TK‐MSC were ineffective in mediating the bystander effect similarly to HeLa cells, which were also relatively resistant to CD::UPRT‐MSC/5‐FC treatment. TK‐MSC/GCV treatment had a strong cytotoxic effect on MDA‐MB‐231 cells (breast carcinoma), whereas CD::UPRT‐MSC/5‐FC treatment failed as a result of overexpression of the gene for ABCC11. Transfection of the MDA‐MB‐231 cell line with small interference RNA specific to ABCC11 led to a significantly increased sensitivity to the CD::UPRT‐MSC/5‐FC approach.ConclusionsGJIC, expression of enzymes involved in drug metabolism and ABC transporters correlate with the response of tumour cells to treatment by MSC‐expressing prodrug‐converting genes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.