bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal microbiome changes in axolotl limb regeneration: Stage‐specific restructuring of bacterial and fungal communities with a Flavobacterium bloom during blastema proliferation
Authors: Altın Hanne , Delice Büşra , Yıldırım Berna , Demircan Turan , Yıldırım Süleyman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe intricate relationship between regeneration and microbiota has recently gained attention, spanning diverse model organisms. Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a critically endangered salamander species and a model organism for regenerative and developmental biology. Despite its significance, a noticeable gap exists in understanding the interplay between axolotl regeneration and its microbiome. Here, we analyse in depth bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon dataset that we reported before as data resource and profile fungal community by sequencing ITS amplicons at the critical stages of limb regeneration (0–1–4–7–30–60 days post amputation, ‘dpa’). Results reveal a decline in richness and evenness in the course of limb regeneration, with bacterial community richness recovering beyond 30 dpa unlike fungi community. Beta diversity analysis reveals precise restructuring of the bacterial community along the three phases of limb regeneration, contrasting with less congruent changes in the fungal community. Temporal dynamics of the bacterial community highlight prevalent anaerobic bacteria in initiation phase and Flavobacterium bloom in the early phase correlating with limb blastema proliferation. Predicted functional analysis mirrors these shifts, emphasising a transition from amino acid metabolism to lipid metabolism control. Fungal communities shift from Blastomycota to Ascomycota dominance in the late regeneration stage. Our findings provide ecologically relevant insights into stage specific role of microbiome contributions to axolotl limb regeneration.
Sex differences in human performance
Authors: Hunter Sandra K. , Senefeld Jonathon W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSex as a biological variable is an underappreciated aspect of biomedical research, with its importance emerging in more recent years. This review assesses the current understanding of sex differences in human physical performance. Males outperform females in many physical capacities because they are faster, stronger and more powerful, particularly after male puberty. This review highlights key sex differences in physiological and anatomical systems (generally conferred via sex steroids and puberty) that contribute to these sex differences in human physical performance. Specifically, we address the effects of the primary sex steroids that affect human physical development, discuss insight gained from an observational study of ‘real‐world data’ and elite athletes, and highlight the key physiological mechanisms that contribute to sex differences in several aspects of physical performance. Physiological mechanisms discussed include those for the varying magnitude of the sex differences in performance involving: (1) absolute muscular strength and power; (2) fatigability of limb muscles as a measure of relative performance; and (3) maximal aerobic power and endurance. The profound sex‐based differences in human performance involving strength, power, speed and endurance, and that are largely attributable to the direct and indirect effects of sex‐steroid hormones, sex chromosomes and epigenetics, provide a scientific rationale and framework for policy decisions on sex‐based categories in sports during puberty and adulthood. Finally, we highlight the sex bias and problem in human performance research of insufficient studies and information on females across many areas of biology and physiology, creating knowledge gaps and opportunities for high‐impact studies.
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Regulation of ClC‐K/barttin by endocytosis influences distal convoluted tubule hyperplasia
Authors: Mayayo‐Vallverdú Clara , Gaitán‐Peñas Héctor , Armand‐Ugon Mercedes , Muhaisen Ashraf , Prat Esther , Castellanos Aida , Elorza‐Vidal Xabier , de Heredia Miguel López , Alonso‐Gardón Marta , Pérez‐Rius Carla , Vecino‐Pérez Marta , Mallen Adrián , Errasti‐Murugarren Ekaitz , Hueso Miguel , Artuch Rafael , Nunes Virginia , Estévez Raúl 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClC‐K/barttin channels are involved in the transepithelial transport of chloride in the kidney and inner ear. Their physiological role is crucial in humans because mutations in CLCNKB or BSND, encoding ClC‐Kb and barttin, cause Bartter's syndrome types III and IV, respectively. In vitro experiments have shown that an amino acid change in a proline‐tyrosine motif in the C‐terminus of barttin stimulates ClC‐K currents. The molecular mechanism of this enhancement and whether this potentiation has any in vivo relevance remains unknown. We performed electrophysiological and biochemical experiments in Xenopus oocytes and kidney cells co‐expressing ClC‐K and barttin constructs. We demonstrated that barttin possesses a YxxØ motif and, when mutated, increases ClC‐K plasma membrane stability, resulting in larger currents. To address the impact of mutating this motif in kidney physiology, we generated a knock‐in mouse. Comparing wild‐type (WT) and knock‐in mice under a standard diet, we could not observe any difference in ClC‐K and barttin protein levels or localization, either in urinary or plasma parameters. However, under a high‐sodium low‐potassium diet, known to induce hyperplasia of distal convoluted tubules, knock‐in mice exhibit reduced hyperplasia compared to WT mice. In summary, our in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the previously identified PY motif is indeed an endocytic YxxØ motif in which mutations cause a gain of function of the channel.
imageKey points
It is revealed by mutagenesis and functional experiments that a previously identified proline‐tyrosine motif regulating ClC‐K plasma membrane levels is indeed an endocytic YxxØ motif.
Biochemical characterization of mutants in the YxxØ motif in Xenopus oocytes and human embryonic kidney cells indicates that mutants showed increased plasma membrane levels as a result of an increased stability, resulting in higher function of ClC‐K channels.
Mutation of this motif does not affect barttin protein expression and subcellular localization in vivo.
Knock‐in mice with a mutation in this motif, under conditions of a high‐sodium low‐potassium diet, exhibit less hyperplasia in the distal convoluted tubule than wild‐type animals, indicating a gain of function of the channel in vivo.
Investigation of the Discharge Coefficient for Laidback Fan-Shaped Holes on Turbine Blades Under Internal Crossflow Condition
Authors: Liu Haoyang , Du Qiang , Xu Qingzong , Li Hongye , Xu Guangyao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The discharge coefficient of laidback fan-shaped holes on turbine blades under internal crossflow conditions is investigated using experimental and numerical simulation methods. The study is conducted on a linear cascade, with single rows of film holes set on both the pressure and suction surfaces of the test blade, coolant supplied by an internal crossflow channel. The internal crossflow Reynolds number ranged from 39,100 to 78,200, and the pressure ratio ranged from 1 to 1.5. This research considered the effects of internal crossflow Reynolds numbers and hole length-to-diameter ratio on the discharge coefficient of laidback fan-shaped holes. The findings are as follows: internal crossflow increases the inlet loss of film holes and flow separation within the holes, leading to a significant reduction in the discharge coefficient of film holes. Meanwhile, film holes on the pressure surface of the blade exhibit greater sensitivity to crossflow. Under different hole length-to-diameter ratio conditions, the length of the cylindrical section is the primary factor affecting the discharge coefficient, and the magnitude of the discharge coefficient depends on the extent of flow separation within the cylindrical section. The sensitivity of the discharge coefficient to variations in the cylindrical section length decreases once the cylindrical section length exceeds 2.8D for the pressure surface and 2.0D for the suction surface, where the inlet separation region reattaches to the wall. Under plenum conditions, there are significant differences in the discharge coefficients of film holes between the suction surface and pressure surface, especially at pressure ratios below 1.05.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Flow-Induced Vibrations in Micro-Tube Heat Exchangers
Authors: Phan H. M. , Newman F. , O'Pray C. E. , Parikh D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Thermal management presents an increasing challenge in future engineering systems, especially in applications like combined cycle precooling, waste heat recovery, and innovative propulsion systems. These systems face a growing demand for managing higher heat loads while coping with limited heat sink. Central to these thermal management systems is the heat exchanger, with microtube heat transfer emerging as a promising solution for future technologies. Microtube heat exchangers are becoming popular owing to their ability to significantly enhance the heat transfer surface area while maintaining a compact core volume. As the demand for high-performance, lightweight heat exchangers escalates, microtube heat exchangers are being designed to be increasingly compact yet highly loaded. This trend poses significant challenges to their structural integrity, particularly under harsh operational conditions. Flow-induced vibrations, a critical concern in the design of tubular heat exchangers, can lead to tube failures, compromising the safe operation of engineering systems. While the flow-induced vibrations of conventional-sized heat exchangers have been extensively studied, there is a noticeable gap in the research on similar phenomena in microtube heat exchangers. This paper details ongoing research at Reaction Engines Ltd (REL) to aid the design of safe and robust heat exchangers, focusing on the flow-induced vibrations in microtube heat exchangers and utilizing a cutting-edge laser vibrometry test facility. A predictive model, employing an unsteady flow simulation approach and eigenvalue analysis, has been formulated. A key observation is the distinctive coupled transverse–streamwise orbital motion in microtube heat exchangers, differing from the predominantly transverse direction of failures in conventional-sized heat exchangers.
Numerical Investigation of Effusion Cooling Air Influence on the CO Emissions for a Single-Sector Aero-Engine Model Combustor
Authors: Recio Balmaseda Sandra , Karpowski Tim Jeremy Patrick , Nicolai Hendrik , Koob Philipp , Hasse Christian , Greifenstein Max , Dreizler Andreas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Stricter aviation emissions regulations have led to the desire for lean-premixed-vaporized (LPP) combustors over rich–quench–lean (RQL) burners. While this operation mode is beneficial for reducing NOx and particulate emissions, the interaction of the flame and hot exhaust gases with the cooling flow results in increased CO emissions. Predicting CO in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations remains challenging. To assess current model performance under practically relevant conditions, large-eddy simulation (LES) of a lab-scale effusion cooling test-rig is performed. Flamelet-based manifolds, in combination with the artificial thickened flame (ATF) approach, are utilized to model the turbulence–chemistry interaction (TCI) in the test-rig with detailed chemical kinetics at reduced computational costs. Heat losses are considered via exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Local transport effects in CO emissions are included through an additional transport equation. Additionally, a conjugate heat transfer (CHT) simulation is performed for good estimations of the thermal boundary conditions. Extensive validation of this comprehensive model is conducted using the available experimental dataset for the studied configuration. Subsequently, model sensitivities for predicting CO are assessed, including the progress variable definition and the formulation of the CO source term in the corresponding transport equation. To investigate the flame thickening influence in the calculated CO, an ATF post-processing correction is further developed. Integrating multiple sophisticated pollutant submodels and evaluating their sensitivity offers insights for future investigations into modeling CO emissions in aero-engines and stationary gas turbines.
A Reactor-Network Framework to Model Performance and Emissions of a Longitudinally Staged Combustion System for Carbon-Free Fuels
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Harish S. , Maddipati Raj , Gruber Andrea , Bothien Mirko R. , Aditya Konduri 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen and ammonia are considered crucial carbon-free energy carriers optimally suited for seasonal chemical storage and balancing of the energy system. In this context, longitudinally staged combustion systems represent an attractive technology in power generation for their capability of achieving low NOx emissions while conserving high load and, crucially, fuel flexibility at high thermal efficiency. Such two-stage combustion systems have been successfully implemented for natural gas firing of gas turbines and, more recently, have shown significant potential for clean and efficient hydrogen-firing operation. However, optimal operation with ammonia-based fuel mixtures is yet to be established. In recent works, a novel Rich-Quench-Lean (RQL) operational concept was proposed to burn a fuel-rich mixture of partially decomposed ammonia and air (for equivalence ratios ϕ∼1.1−1.2) in the first stage of a longitudinally staged combustion system. Complete oxidation of the remaining (hydrogen) fuel is theoretically ensured by dilution-air addition downstream of the first stage combustor. However, any operational concept based on these near-stoichiometric combustion conditions, while minimizing undesired prompt NOx and N2O formation by ammonia oxidation, can potentially result in significant, and certainly unpractical, thermal load on the first stage combustor liner that needs to be mitigated. In the present study, we exploit a newly developed reactors-network model to efficiently investigate the NOx-emissions performance of a longitudinally staged combustion system fired with natural gas, hydrogen or ammonia. First, the reactors network framework is validated with experimental, computational and other similar reactor network results in the literature. Second, the optimal air distribution within the longitudinally staged combustion system is found for clean (low emissions) and efficient (complete fuel conversion) ammonia-firing operation. Third, the consequences of such “ammonia-optimized” air distribution on flame stabilization and NOx emissions in more conventional natural gas- and hydrogen-firing operation are considered. Finally, an optimal air and fuel distribution is suggested for the longitudinally staged combustion system on the basis that, while still ensuring robust flame stabilization and high turbine inlet temperature, it minimizes NOx emissions for all three fuels considered.
A decavalent composite mRNA vaccine against both influenza and COVID-19
Authors: Wang Yang , Ma Qinhai , Li Man , Mai Qianyi , Ma Lin , Zhang Hong , Zhong Huiling , Mai Kailin , Cheng Nan , Feng Pei , Guan Peikun , Wu Shengzhen , Zhang Lu , Dai Jun , Zhang Biliang , Pan Weiqi , Yang Zifeng 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had a persistent and significant impact on global public health for 4 years. Recently, there has been a resurgence of seasonal influenza transmission worldwide. The co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza viruses results in a dual burden on communities. Additionally, the pandemic potential of zoonotic influenza viruses, such as avian Influenza A/H5N1 and A/H7N9, remains a concern. Therefore, a combined vaccine against all these respiratory diseases is in urgent need. mRNA vaccines, with their superior efficacy, speed in development, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, offer a promising solution for such infectious diseases and potential future pandemics. In this study, we present FLUCOV-10, a novel 10-valent mRNA vaccine created from our proven platform. This vaccine encodes hemagglutinin (HA) proteins from four seasonal influenza viruses and two avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential, as well as spike proteins from four SARS-CoV-2 variants. A two-dose immunization with the FLUCOV-10 elicited robust immune responses in mice, producing IgG antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and antigen-specific cellular immune responses against all the vaccine-matched viruses of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Remarkably, the FLUCOV-10 immunization provided complete protection in mouse models against both homologous and heterologous strains of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. These results highlight the potential of FLUCOV-10 as an effective vaccine candidate for the prevention of influenza and COVID-19.

IMPORTANCE
Amidst the ongoing and emerging respiratory viral threats, particularly the concurrent and sequential spread of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, our research introduces FLUCOV-10. This novel mRNA-based combination vaccine, designed to counteract both influenza and COVID-19, by incorporating genes for surface glycoproteins from various influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 variants. This combination vaccine was highly effective in preclinical trials, generating strong immune responses and ensuring protection against both matching and heterologous strains of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. FLUCOV-10 represents a significant step forward in our ability to address respiratory viral threats, showcasing potential as a singular, adaptable vaccine solution for global health challenges.
Sarcopenia shortens overall survival of patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer: inverse probability of treatment-weighting analysis
Authors: Aichi Masahiro , Hasegawa Sho , Shinoda Satoru , Suzuki Yukio , Kamiya Natsuko , Ishidera Yumi , Imai Yuichi , Miyagi Etsuko , Mizushima Taichi 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThe association between sarcopenia and prognosis in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer remains unclear. This study investigated whether sarcopenia is a prognostic factor in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer.MethodsA total of 52 patients diagnosed with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer who had undergone non-platinum chemotherapy at our institution formed our study population. Body composition and clinicopathological data of these patients were collected retrospectively. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans obtained at the time of platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer diagnosis were used to measure the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscles at L3 level. These values were corrected for height to calculate the skeletal muscle index, and accordingly sarcopenia was defined. Overall survival was defined as the primary outcome of the study. The impact of sarcopenia on overall survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models with inverse probability weighting of treatment based on propensity scores and log-rank tests.ResultsThe median patient age was 63 years (IQR: 53–71). The most common International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2018 stage was stage III (50%) and the most common histology was serous or adenocarcinoma (67.3%). The optimal cut-off value of skeletal muscle index was 35.6 cm2/m2, which was calculated using the data of 21 patients with sarcopenia and 31 without sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (HR 1.93; 95% CI 1.06–3.49; p=0.03). Subgroup analysis based on patient attributes and prognostic factors suggested a consistent prognostic impact of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was identified as a significant risk factor, particularly in patients who had higher CA125 levels (HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.07 to 5.69; p=0.034) and a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.02 to 8.31; p=0.045).ConclusionSarcopenia significantly shortened the overall survival of patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer.
Psilocybin and chronic neuropathic pain: a systematic review
Authors: Jevotovsky David S , Chopra Harman , Pak Daniel J , Durbhakula Shravani , Shustorovich Alexander , Juneja Tanya , Broachwala Mustafa Y , AlFarra Tariq , Silver Caroline , Kreitzer Greg , Oreoluwa Philip , Weissman Braden B , AlFarra Abraham , Mayrsohn Brian G , Orhurhu Vwaire , Emerick Trent , Furnish Timothy , Castellanos Joel P 
Published: August 2024

Background/ImportanceChronic pain affects many people globally, requiring alternative management strategies. Psilocybin is gaining attention for its potential in chronic pain management despite being classified as Schedule I.ObjectiveThis systematic review critically evaluates the evidence for psilocybin, a Schedule I substance, in the treatment of chronic pain. The exact purpose of the review is to assess the impact of psilocybin on chronic pain relief, focusing on dosing protocols, treated conditions, and patient outcomes.Evidence ReviewA comprehensive review of PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE was conducted up to January 2024. Eligibility criteria included studies evaluating psilocybin for chronic pain management. The risk of bias was assessed using the MASTER (MethodologicAl STandards for Epidemiological Research) scale, and the strength of evidence was graded using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation).FindingsThe review identified 28 relevant studies focusing on dosing, treated conditions, and outcomes. The majority of the included studies (76.2%) were of low or very low quality. Several studies with moderate-to-low-quality evidence utilized a 0.14 mg/kg dosing protocol. The findings suggest promise for the use of psilocybin in chronic pain relief, though the quality of evidence is generally low.ConclusionsThe current research shows potential for psilocybin as a treatment option for chronic pain relief. However, methodological issues and a lack of high-quality evidence underscore the need for further investigations with standardized protocols. Despite these limitations, the potential for psilocybin in chronic pain management is encouraging.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023493823.