bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss ofCaenorhabditis elegansBRCA1 Promotes Genome Stability During Replication insmc-5Mutants
Authors: Wolters Stefanie , Ermolaeva Maria A , Bickel Jeremy S , Fingerhut Jaclyn M , Khanikar Jayshree , Chan Raymond C , Schumacher Björn 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDNA damage by ultraviolet (UV) light poses a risk for mutagenesis and a potential hindrance for cell cycle progression. Cells cope with UV-induced DNA damage through two general strategies to repair the damaged nucleotides and to promote cell cycle progression in the presence of UV-damaged DNA. Defining the genetic pathways and understanding how they function together to enable effective tolerance to UV remains an important area of research. The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins form distinct complexes that maintain genome stability during chromosome segregation, homologous recombination, and DNA replication. Using a forward genetic screen, we identified two alleles of smc-5 that exacerbate UV sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Germ cells of smc-5-defective animals show reduced proliferation, sensitivity to perturbed replication, chromatin bridge formation, and accumulation of RAD-51 foci that indicate the activation of homologous recombination at DNA double-strand breaks. Mutations in the translesion synthesis polymerase polh-1 act synergistically with smc-5 mutations in provoking genome instability after UV-induced DNA damage. In contrast, the DNA damage accumulation and sensitivity of smc-5 mutant strains to replication impediments are suppressed by mutations in the C. elegans BRCA1/BARD1 homologs, brc-1 and brd-1. We propose that SMC-5/6 promotes replication fork stability and facilitates recombination-dependent repair when the BRC-1/BRD-1 complex initiates homologous recombination at stalled replication forks. Our data suggest that BRC-1/BRD-1 can both promote and antagonize genome stability depending on whether homologous recombination is initiated during DNA double-strand break repair or during replication stalling.
Applicability of Concentrations Obtained by Working Environment Measurement to Assessment of Personal Exposure Concentrations of Chemicals
Authors: Yamamoto Shinobu , Natsumeda Shuichiro , Hara Kunio , Yoshida Satoru , Sakurai Haruhiko , Ichiba Masayoshi 
Published: January 2014

Applicability of Concentrations Obtained by Working Environment Measurement to Assessment of Personal Exposure Concentrations of Chemicals: Shinobu YAMAMOTO, et al. Kyushu Regional Safety and Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association—ObjectiveThis study determined the applicability of Japanese working environment measurements to assessment of personal exposure concentrations of chemicals by comparing both levels of concentrations.MethodsThe chemicals measured in this study comprised eight kinds of vaporous chemicals as well as two kinds of chemicals in dust. Personal exposure measurements, Japanese working environment measurements and spot sampling measurements were undertaken in 70 companies.ResultsPersonal exposure concentrations and the arithmetic mean value (EA2) of the working environment measurement concentrations obtained according to the Japanese working environment control system had statistically positive correlations (r=0.732−0.893, p<0.01) after logarithmic transformation. The 5th to 95th percentile values of personal exposure concentrations divided by EA2 ranged from 0.17 to 7.69 for vaporous chemicals and from 0.27 to 18.06 for dust. There was a relatively large difference between the personal exposure concentrations and the EA2 obtained in weighing, forming and bonding use‐processes. In such cases, the B‐value measured in ten minutes in the Japanese working environment control system, which is almost the same as the spot measurement concentration in this study, is supposed to be substituted for the EA2 value.ConclusionsTen times the EA2 of the working environment measurement concentrations, or ten times the B‐value, obtained according to the Japanese working environment control system can be used to conservatively estimate the personal exposure concentrations in EU workplaces as well as in occupational exposure scenarios of the Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals.
Swedish Female Hairdressers' Views on Their Work Environment—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Diab Kerstin Kronholm , Nielsen Jörn , Andersson Edith 
Published: January 2014

Swedish Female Hairdressers' Views on Their Work Environment—A Qualitative Study: Kerstin KRONHOLM DIAB, et al. Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden—ObjectivesHairdressers have several work‐related health hazards. Little is known of their strategies for the work environment. The aim of this study was to explore female hairdressers' own views on their physical, social and psychological work environment and possibilities of influencing it, implementation of their knowledge, financial impacts and how Work‐related symptoms affect their views.MethodsFourteen hairdressers working for four years were subjected to open‐ended interviews covering aspects of the physical, social and psychological work environment. Content analysis was applied.ResultsAn awareness of the impact of the work environment and the possibilities of influencing it emerged, but also an inability to achieve preventive improvements. This included reflections concerning ventilation, health issues, job strain, hair products, financial issues, knowledge from school and concern for having to leave the profession. The organization and acceptance of the work environment were important issues. Making the work environment an active part of their business was not common.ConclusionsFemale hairdressers had an awareness of their work environment but lacked the means and strategies to make it an active part of their business. The main focus was on the customers and the work techniques. Having various symptoms did not alter this. Organizational and financial issues could put limitations on the work environment. Teachers were crucial in making the work environment interesting. Hairdressing was seen with advantages and disadvantages, and its future was seen as being insecure in terms of the occupational health risks. The hairdressers expressed a great pride in their profession providing possibilities for development.
Correlation between Mechanical Properties and Structure in Polymer Gels with Controlled Network Structure
Authors: Sakai Takamasa , Akagi Yuki , Chung Ung-il 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTElastmeric materials are of great importance in both academic and industrial field due to the soft and highly stretchable properties. Thus, many theories and models are proposed to correlate the physical properties and structural parameters. However, in general, it is difficult to validate these models experimentally. Thus, to this day, we do not know the requirement conditions for each model or even the validity of each model. The validation of these models has been inhibited by the inherent heterogeneity of polymer networks.Recently, we, for the first time, succeeded in fabricating polymer network with extremely suppressed heterogeneity with a novel molecular design of prepolymers. The homogeneous polymer network, called Tetra-PEG gel, is prepared by AB-type crosslink-coupling of mutually reactive tetra-arm prepolymers. In this study, we examined the models of elastic modulus and fracture energy using Tetra-PEG gel as a model system. We controlled the structural parameters with tuning the molecular weight and concentration of prepolymers, and reaction conversion of the reaction. This series of controlled network structures, for the first time, enabled us to quantitatively examine these models. We performed the stretching and tearing measurements for these polymer gels. As for the elastic modulus, we observed the shift of the models from the phantom to affine network models around the overlapping concentration of prepolymers. As for the fracture energy, we confirmed the validity of the Lake-Thomas model, which is the most popular model predicting fracture energies of elastomers.
Effects of salt concentrations on the structural transitions of peptide-amphiphile solution
Authors: Otsuka Takahiro , Hotta Atsushi 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA new peptide amphiphile (PA) called C16-W3K has hierarchical structures, presenting unique solution states, micelle structures, and secondary structures. In this work, the effects of salt (sodium dihydrogenorthophosphate) concentration on the hierarchical structural transitions of the C16-W3K solution due to its active hydrogen bonding in the peptide were discussed. In order to analyze the effects of salt on the structural transitions, the mechanical and structural analyses were conducted by viscosity measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and circular dichroic (CD) spectroscopy. It was found that the C16-W3K solutions with different salt concentrations presented different multi-scale structural transitions from spherical micelles with α-helix molecular conformations in the sol state to wormlike micelles with β-sheet conformations in the gel state. Additionally, we found that the speed of transition increased as the salt concentration increased and the conformational ratio of β-sheet to α-helix in the solutions increased with the increase in the salt concentration.
Breaking of Raman selection rules in Cu2O by intrinsic point defects
Authors: Sander Thomas , Reindl Christian T. , Klar Peter J. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe semiconductor cuprous oxide crystallizes in a simple cubic structure and reveals outstanding characteristics: Independent of the method and conditions of the synthesis of crystalline Cu2O its Raman spectra are dominated by infrared active, silent, and defect modes rather than by Raman allowed phonon modes only. A detailed group theoretical analysis demonstrates that point defects reduce the local symmetry, lift the Raman selection rules, and thus diminish the distinction between Raman allowed and Raman forbidden lattice vibrations. Of all intrinsic defects only the presence of the copper vacancy in the so called split configuration introduces possible Raman activity for all Cu2O extended phonon modes observed in experiment.
Public opinion and alcohol policy in Sweden, 1990–2012
Authors: Leimar Per , Ramstedt Mats , Weibull Lennart 
Published: January 2014

Aims We analyse the association between public opinions and political decisions on alcohol policy in Sweden during the last decades. Methods Reviews of existing Swedish surveys on public opinion and recent data on the opinion of decision-makers. Results Restrictive alcohol policy measures have much support in Sweden and this support has increased in the last decade. The opinions of the public and their elected representatives correspond fairly well but the relation between these opinions and policy decisions are not always straightforward. Conclusions There is little support for the idea that public opinion has been a major influence on alcohol policy formation in the period of 1990–2012.
Changes in Norwegian public opinion on alcohol policy, 2005-2012
Authors: Storvoll Elisabet E. , Halkjelsvik Torleif 
Published: January 2014

Aims During the last two decades there has been a substantial liberalisation of Norwegian alcohol policy in terms of increased availability of alcohol. We have studied what happens with public support for alcohol control policies in a country where the policy is liberalised. First, we summarise the findings from previous Norwegian studies on changes in attitudes toward alcohol control policies. Second, we present new empirical analyses on changes in attitudes toward a broad spectre of policies in 2005–2012, and whether the pattern of change varied according to gender, age, education and alcohol use. Design The empirical analyses were based on self-reported attitudes toward Norwegian alcohol policies from nine web surveys conducted among 20–69-year-old Norwegians (N = 12 304). Results The analyses showed increased support for a wide range of restrictive alcohol policy measures from 2005 to 2012 – both for measures that had been liberalised and those that had been stable. We found no substantial moderation by gender, age, educational level and drinking frequency, which indicates that the pattern of change was similar for various sub-groups based on such variables. Conclusions Previous research has observed a shift toward increasing support for a restrictive alcohol policy around the millennium. Current data shows that this trend has continued until 2012. We discuss the relationship between alcohol policy and public opinion, and propose that the trend may be connected to changes in value orientations, increased experience with alcohol-related harm and changes in beliefs about the harm-limiting effect of restrictive measures.
Public opinions, alcohol consumption and policy changes in Finland, 1993–2013
Authors: Lindeman Mikaela , Karlsson Thomas , österberg Esa 
Published: January 2014

Aims This article studies trends and patterns of public opinion on alcohol policy in relation to changes in alcohol policy and total alcohol consumption in Finland during the last twenty years. Design We first study changes in alcohol policy and total alcohol consumption, and then review and analyse data from public opinions surveys. General trends in the alcohol-policy opinion climate are studied, as well as specific questions such as opinions regarding age limits, pricing of alcoholic beverages and sales place of different alcoholic beverages. Findings The Finnish alcohol policy arena has undergone large changes during the last two decades which can also be noted as a growth in the total consumption of alcoholic beverages and related harms. In congruence with higher consumption levels of alcohol, also the share of the population in favour of more restrictive alcohol policies has risen.
New high-pressures vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the carbon dioxide + 2-methyl-2-propanol binary system
Authors: Sima Sergiu , Secuianu Catinca , Feroiu Viorel , Geană Dan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNew vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) data at 323.15, 333.15, 343.15, and 353.15 K and pressures up to 112.9 bar are reported for the carbon dioxide + 2-methyl-2-propanol system. The experimental method used in this work was a static analytical method with liquid and vapor phases sampling using a rapid online sampler injector (ROLSI™) coupled to a gas chromatograph (GC) for analysis. Measured VLE data and literature data for carbon dioxide + 2-methyl-2-propanol system were modeled with the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) cubic equation of state with classical van der Waals (two-parameter conventional mixing rule, 2PCMR) mixing rules. A single set of interaction parameters that lead to a correct phase behavior was used in this work to model the new VLE data and critical points of the mixtures in a wide range of temperature and pressure. The SRK prediction results were compared to the new data measured in this study and to available literature data.
Rosehip extraction: Process optimization and antioxidant capacity of extracts
Authors: Angelov George , Boyadzhieva Stanislava , Georgieva Silviya 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article examines the extraction of rosehip to study the recovery of a number of compounds with antioxidant properties (polyphenols, flavonoids, and β-carotene). Two varieties of rosehip, cultivated and wild are used as raw material. A detailed study of the process kinetics at different operating conditions is carried out in order to determine appropriate processing parameters, which results in extracts with higher content of target compounds and higher antioxidant capacity. Data on the concentration of active components in the different parts of the fruit (skin, seeds, and pappi) are also obtained, which gives information about their distribution within the fruit. The comparison of wild and cultivated varieties demonstrates the better quality of the cultivated one. The results are useful for production of improved and enriched rosehip extracts with higher content of antioxidant substances that have proven beneficial effects on the human health.
A validated stability-indicating LC method for simultaneous determination of quinapril and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical samples
Authors: Diego Marta , Mennickent Sigrid , Muñoz Juan , Sanhueza Fernanda , Godoy Ricardo 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of quinapril and hydrochlorothiazide in drug substances and dosage forms. Chromatographic separation of quinapril, hydrochlorothiazide and its degradation products was achieved on a RP-18 column, using acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 4.6) as mobile phase in a gradient mode and detection at 216 nm. Stress testing was performed under hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal and photolytic conditions. The degradation products were well resolved from main peaks, proving the stability-indicating power of the method. The assay was linear for quinapril and hydrochlorothiazide concentrations of 40–200 µg mL−1 and 25–125 µg mL−1, respectively. The developed method was selective, accurate and precise for quinapril and hydrochlorothiazide determination. This method was used to quantify both drugs in combined commercial tablets. The results showed that the proposed method was found to be suitable for quantitative determination and the stability study of quinapril and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical samples.
Interfacial behavior of water bound to nitrocellulose containing residual nitric and sulfuric acids
Authors: Gun’ko Vladimir , Tomaszewski Waldemar , Krupska Tetyana , Turov Konstantin , Leboda Roman , Turov Vladimir 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
To prepare nitrocellulose (NC), microcrystalline cellulose was treated in a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids. Prepared NC containing a small amount of acids was studied at a different hydration degree (h = 10–1000 mg g−1) in different dispersion media (chloroform-d, acetone-d6 or their mixtures) using low-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. The hydration degree and the presence of residual acids affected the temperature dependence of the chemical shifts of proton resonance of water bound to NC. The Gibbs free energy of bound water became less negative with increasing hydration rate. The chloroform and acetone media affect the behavior of bound-to-NC water unfrozen at T<273 K differently. Quantum chemical calculations were performed using ab initio (HF/6-31G(d,p)), DFT (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)) and semiempirical PM7 methods to analyze the interfacial behavior of water interacting with NC containing residual amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids.
Quinine sulfate: a pharmaceutical product as effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: Samide Adriana , Tutunaru Bogdan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractQuinine sulfate dihydrate (QNS), IUPAC name: (8S,9R)-6-methoxy-4-quinolenyl-5-vinyl-2-quinuclidinyl methanol sulfate dihydrate, was tested as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1.5 mol L−1 HCl solution using the potentiodynamic polarization and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) associated with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The electrochemical results showed that, the inhibition efficiency (IE) increased with the increase in QNS concentration, reaching a maximum value of 93.35±0.25%. The polarization resistance (R p) followed the same trend, obtaining the highest value of 659.7 Ω cm2, while the corrosion current density (i corr) reached the lowest level of 195 µA cm−2. The action mechanism of QNS was proposed considering the ability of quinine (QN) to be adsorbed on the metal surface via the lone pairs of electrons from hydroxyl oxygen atom, and/or from quinoline and quinuclidinic nitrogens. The occurrence of the complexes between inhibitor and iron ions was considered an additional process, which may contribute to protective layer formation. The Temkin adsorption isotherm was found as the best fitting for the degree of surface coverage (θ) values. In order to elucidate the mechanism of protective layer formation, the free energy of adsorption (ΔG o ads) value was calculated. This indicates that the inhibitor acts by chemical adsorption on the steel surface.
Temperature effect over structure and photochemical properties of nanostructured SnO2 powders
Authors: Ungureanu Ana-Maria , Oprea Ovidiu , Vasile Bogdan , Andronescu Corina , Voicu Georgeta , Jitaru Ioana 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe successfully synthesized tin dioxide nanoparticles with polyhedral morphology via an ethylene glycol assisted sol-gel approach. The structural characteristics of three tin dioxide samples were investigated after being thermally treated at 400°C, 600°C and 800°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns clearly show the formation of single phase tin dioxide nanoparticles, with crystallite size of 6–20 nm, in good correlation with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirms the formation of 6nm polyhedral nanoparticles for the 400°C sample. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra suggest a high concentration of oxygen vacancies. The oxygen vacancy concentration increases with temperature, due to the combined action of the formation of VO and the energetic O compensation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis also confirms the formation of single phase tin dioxide and the presence of oxygen vacancies in good agreement with UV-VIS and PL data.
Comparison of stability properties of poly(acrylic acid) adsorbed on the surface of silica, alumina and mixed silica-alumina nanoparticles — application of turbidimetry method
Authors: Wiśniewska Małgorzata , Urban Teresa , Nosal-Wiercińska Agnieszka , Zarko Vladimir , Gun’ko Vladimir 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The influence of anionic poly(acrylic acid) — PAA addition on the stability of synthesized silica, alumina and mixed silica-alumina suspensions as a function of solution pH was studied. The turbidimetry method was used to monitor the changes of the examined systems stability over time. The calculated stability coefficients enabled estimation of polymer adsorption influence on stability of metal oxide suspension. It was shown that the alumina suspension without the polymer is the most unstable at the pH values 6 and 9, whereas the silica polymer was most unstable at pH 3. PAA with higher molecular weight (240 000) is a relatively effective stabilizer of all investigated adsorbents (except silica at pH 3). These properties of poly(acrylic acid) are highly desirable in many branches of industry (e.g. production of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, paints) where polymers are widely used as effective stabilizers of colloidal suspensions.
Mesostructured silica matrix for irinotecan delivery systems
Authors: Nastase Silviu , Bajenaru Laura , Berger Daniela , Matei Cristian , Moisescu Mihaela , Constantin Doru , Savopol Tudor 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Three mesostructured silica-type carriers, MCM-41 and MCM-41 functionalized by a postsynthesis grafting procedure with hydrophilic aminopropyl groups (MCM-APTES) and hydrophobic vinyl moieties (MCM-VTES), respectively, were investigated in order to elaborate drug delivery systems (DDS) for irinotecan molecules. All studied drug delivery systems exhibited higher cytotoxicity on murine embrionary fibroblastic (MEF) cells than free irinotecan at the same content of the cytostatic agent, whereas no toxicity was observed for the three unloaded carriers. The cytotoxic effect of irinotecan loaded on MCM-41-type carriers continued to increase even 24 h after ceasing the cell exposure to the drug and remained significantly higher than that of free irinotecan. The cellular uptake of silica-type hybrids was investigated by labelling MCM-APTES with Rhodamine B. In the case of the studied DDS, an endocytotic mechanism was found to be involved in the cell uptake process, and it was used to explain the cytotoxicity differences between free irinotecan and drug loaded on MCM-41-type supports.