bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Nordic Walking program on motor and non-motor symptoms, functional performance and body composition in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Cugusi Lucia , Solla Paolo , Serpe Roberto , Carzedda Tatiana , Piras Luisa , Oggianu Marcello , Gabba Silvia , Di Blasio Andrea , Bergamin Marco , Cannas Antonino , Marrosu Francesco , Mercuro Giuseppe 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: Several studies have clearly shown that physical exercise can reduce the progression of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, little is known about the effects of a Nordic Walking (NW) program in PD patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a NW program on motor and non-motor symptoms, functional performances and body composition in PD patients. METHODS: Twenty PD patients (16M, 4F, 67.3±7.8 years) were enrolled and randomly assigned to NW group (NWg, n = 10) and Control group (Cg, n = 10). The training consisted in 2 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Training effects were assessed by functional and instrumental tests and motor and non-motor symptoms were assessed by UPDRS-III, Hoehn and Yahr scale, PD Fatigue Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Starkstein Apathy Scale, and Non-Motor Symptoms Scale. RESULTS: Significant changes in resting HR, in walked distance ( p <  0.05), and in lower limbs muscles strength ( p <  0.005) were observed in NWg. Both balance abilities and safety with mobility were increased ( p <  0.005). Significant variations in some circumferences and body composition were registered. Finally, a significant improvement in motor and non-motor symptoms was detected: UPDRS-III, HY scale, PFS-16, BDI-II, SAS, NMSS. CONCLUSIONS: A tailored exercise program including NW proved to be an effective way to improve daily activities and both motor and non-motor symptoms in PD patients.
Le monde des objets dans la correspondance d'exil d'Alexandre Radichtchev (1791-1800)
Authors: Baudin Rodolphe 
Published: November 2015

Abstract The material world in Radishchev's letters from exile
Radishchev was not only the cold blooded intellectual depicted by Soviet literary criticism. His letters from exile reflect his attachment to the habitus of the Russian gentry, as can be seen from the importance devoted to the mention of objects in it. Analyzing how Radishchev staged these objects in his letters not only provides us with insights into his relation to material culture in general, but also highlights some of the major rhetorical devices used by the writer to influence the emotions of his main addressee, Count A. R. Vorontsov. Finally, the paper compares Radishchev's equipment to that of the fictional sentimentalist characters of Nikolay Emin's novels. The similarity between these equipments suggests that, far from recording reality, the epistolary text abides by the rules of fiction.
Discussion of “Combining Health Data Uses to Ignite Health System Learning”
Authors: Denaxas S. , Friedman C. P. , Geissbuhler A. , Hemingway H. , Kalra D. , Kimura M. , Kuhn K. A. , Payne H. A. , de Quiros F. G. B. , Wyatt J. C. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis article is part of a For-Discussion-Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the paper “Combining Health Data Uses to Ignite Health System Learning” written by John D. Ainsworth and Iain E. Buchan [1]. It is introduced by an editorial. This article contains the combined commentaries invited to independently comment on the paper of Ainsworth and Buchan. In subsequent issues the discussion can continue through letters to the editor.With these comments on the paper “Combining Health Data Uses to Ignite Health System Learning”, written by John D. Ainsworth and Iain E. Buchan [1], the journal seeks to stimulate a broad discussion on new ways for combining data sources for the reuse of health data in order to identify new opportunities for health system learning. An international group of experts has been invited by the editor of Methods to comment on this paper. Each of the invited commentaries forms one section of this paper.
Deus in omnia currit . Chapiteaux et processions à Cluny III à la lumière du Periphyseon de l’Érigène
Authors: Montoux Arnaud 
Published: November 2015

Selon Jean Scot Érigène, Dieu est « Celui qui court à travers tout ce qui existe » ( Periphyseon , I, 452 C.). Les œuvres de ce théologien et philosophe, présentes dans la bibliothèque de Cluny au xi e siècle, ont pu influencer l’iconographie de la Major ecclesia et la grande efflorescence des images du cosmos sensible à l’époque romane. L’étude des chapiteaux de l’hémicycle du chœur de Cluny III semble montrer que ceux-ci, souvent considérés comme un cycle de quaternités, peuvent être lus selon un schéma dynamique ternaire traduisant cette course de Dieu en ses créatures. Si ces vestiges de l’abbatiale, considérés à la lumière du Periphyseon , introduisent ce mouvement de procession divine dans l’espace monastique, ils ne peuvent être étudiés en dehors d’un regard global intégrant la liturgie qui se pratiquait à Cluny au temps de saint Hugues. L’étude de la procession dominicale dont nous parlent les coutumiers, permet de comprendre les chapiteaux comme le point de départ iconologique d’un immense mouvement de divisio-reductio partant de l’Homme-Paradis et revenant vers le Christ-Paradis en se développant à travers la Création. Dans cette procession cosmique, le terme de la descente est simultanément le commencement du retour à Dieu. Nous y découvrons un consentement à la matérialité du monde qui remet en question un certain regard historiographique sur l’angélisme clunisien.
State of the Journal, 2015
Authors: Richards Lorie Gage 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) had a successful 2015. From September 2014 to September 2015, the number of manuscripts submitted had increased by 35%. Manuscripts were received from 23 countries, compared with 17 countries in 2014. AJOT continues to have the highest impact factor and to be the highest ranked of the occupational therapy journals listed in Journal Citation Reports. AJOT continues to focus on publishing research articles on aspects of occupational therapy among varied populations with diverse acute and chronic conditions. Additional changes for 2015 include new associate editors, a significantly enlarged pool of reviewers from across the globe, continuous publishing, pay-per-view, updated author guidelines, and the adoption of clinical trial registration requirements effective January 1, 2016.
Initial results from the MAVEN mission to Mars
Authors: Jakosky Bruce M. , Grebowsky Joseph M. , Luhmann Janet G. , Brain David A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) Mars orbiter has been gathering information on the Mars upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and solar and solar wind interactions since its orbit insertion in September 2014. MAVEN's science goals are to understand processes driving the escape of atmospheric gases to space at the present epoch, and their variations with solar and local heliospheric conditions together with geographical and seasonal influences. This introduction and the accompanying articles provide a selection of key results obtained up to the time of writing, including measurements of the overall geometry and variability of the Martian magnetosphere, upper atmosphere, and ionosphere and their responses to interplanetary coronal mass ejections and solar energetic particle influxes. The ultimate goal is to use these results to determine the integrated loss to space through time and its role in overall Mars atmosphere evolution.
Estimation of the spatial structure of a detached magnetic flux rope at Mars based on simultaneous MAVEN plasma and magnetic field observations
Authors: Hara Takuya , Mitchell David L. , McFadden James P. , Seki Kanako , Brain David A. , Halekas Jasper S. , Harada Yuki , Espley Jared R. , DiBraccio Gina A. , Connerney John E. P. , Andersson Lailla , Mazelle Christian , Jakosky Bruce M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSimultaneous Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission (MAVEN) plasma and magnetic field observations reveal a detached magnetic flux rope in the Martian induced magnetosphere. The flux rope was identified by an increase in the magnetic field amplitude accompanied by smooth vector rotations. In addition, MAVEN observed a pronounced ion composition change across the structure, with solar wind ions dominating outside and planetary ions dominating within. Grad‐Shafranov reconstruction is applied to determine the two‐dimensional spatial structure of the flux rope. The event occurred near the dusk terminator, downstream from strong crustal magnetic fields. One possibility is that the flux rope was created by magnetic reconnection associated with interplanetary and/or crustal magnetic fields. A weak interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) arrived at Mars a few hours before the event. A pressure pulse and turbulent magnetic fields due to the ICME might be responsible for driving magnetic reconnection to detach the flux rope from the crustal source.
Is there any imprint of the wind variability on the Atlantic Water circulation within the Arctic Basin?
Authors: Lique Camille , Johnson Helen L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Atlantic Water (AW) layer in the Arctic Basin is isolated from the atmosphere by the overlaying surface layer, yet observations have revealed that the velocities in this layer exhibit significant variations. Here analysis of a global ocean/sea ice model hindcast, complemented by experiments performed with an idealized process model, is used to investigate what controls the variability of AW circulation, with a focus on the role of wind forcing. The AW circulation carries the imprint of wind variations, both remotely over the Nordic and Barents Seas where they force the AW inflow variability, and locally over the Arctic Basin through the forcing of the wind‐driven Beaufort Gyre, which modulates and transfers the wind variability to the AW layer. The strong interplay between the circulation within the surface and AW layers suggests that both layers must be considered to understand variability in either.
Mars heavy ion precipitating flux as measured by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN
Authors: Leblanc F. , Modolo R. , Curry S. , Luhmann J. , Lillis R. , Chaufray J. Y. , Hara T. , McFadden J. , Halekas J. , Eparvier F. , Larson D. , Connerney J. , Jakosky B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the absence of an intrinsic dipole magnetic field, Mars' O+ planetary ions are accelerated by the solar wind. Because of their large gyroradius, a population of these planetary ions can precipitate back into Mars' upper atmosphere with enough energy to eject neutrals into space via collision. This process, referred to as sputtering, may have been a dominant atmospheric loss process during earlier stages of our Sun. Yet until now, a limited number of observations have been possible; Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms‐3/Mars Express observed such a precipitation only during extreme conditions, suggesting that sputtering might be not as intense as theoretically predicted. Here we describe one example of precipitation of heavy ions during quiet solar conditions. Between November 2014 and April 2015, the average precipitating flux is significant and in agreement with predictions. From these measured precipitating fluxes, we estimate that a maximum of 1.0 × 1024 O/s could have been lost due to sputtering.
The interaction between transpolar arcs and cusp spots
Authors: Fear R. C. , Milan S. E. , Carter J. A. , Maggiolo R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTranspolar arcs and cusp spots are both auroral phenomena which occur when the interplanetary magnetic field is northward. Transpolar arcs are associated with magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail, which closes magnetic flux and results in a “wedge” of closed flux which remains trapped, embedded in the magnetotail lobe. The cusp spot is an indicator of lobe reconnection at the high‐latitude magnetopause; in its simplest case, lobe reconnection redistributes open flux without resulting in any net change in the open flux content of the magnetosphere. We present observations of the two phenomena interacting—i.e., a transpolar arc intersecting a cusp spot during part of its lifetime. The significance of this observation is that lobe reconnection can have the effect of opening closed magnetotail flux. We argue that such events should not be rare.
Evidence of local sea surface temperatures overriding the southeast Australian rainfall response to the 1997–1998 El Niño
Authors: van Rensch Peter , Gallant Ailie J. E. , Cai Wenju , Nicholls Neville 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEl Niño events typically bring rainfall deficits to southeast Australia (SEA), for example, during the El Niño of 1982–1983. However, SEA experienced near average rainfall during the similar El Niño of 1997–1998. Using an ensemble of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) forced with observed SSTs, we demonstrate that the different September–November rainfall during the 1982 and 1997 events is primarily explained by differences in SST forcing from outside the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. The AGCMs reproduce an observed relationship between SEA rainfall and SSTs to the northeast of Australia. Significantly, cooler northeast Australian SSTs during 1982–1983 shifted the rainfall distribution, making a rainfall deficit more likely (relative to the situation in 1997–1998). However, stochastic atmospheric processes can modulate the El Niño and regional SST influence, and the use of an ensemble of AGCM simulations allows the separation of the effects of stochastic atmospheric processes and SST forcing.
Resolving bathymetry from airborne gravity along Greenland fjords
Authors: Boghosian Alexandra , Tinto Kirsty , Cochran James R. , Porter David , Elieff Stefan , Burton Bethany L. , Bell Robin E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRecent glacier mass loss in Greenland has been attributed to encroaching warming waters, but knowledge of fjord bathymetry is required to investigate this mechanism. The bathymetry in many Greenland fjords is unmapped and difficult to measure. From 2010 to 2012, National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Operation IceBridge collected a unique set of airborne gravity, magnetic, radar, and lidar data along the major outlet glaciers and fjords in Greenland. We applied a consistent technique using the IceBridge gravity data to create 90 bathymetric profiles along 54 Greenland fjords. We also used this technique to recover subice topography where warm or crevassed ice prevents the radar system from imaging the bed. Here we discuss our methodology, basic assumptions and error analysis. We present the new bathymetry data and discuss observations in six major regions of Greenland covered by IceBridge. The gravity models provide a total of 1950 line kilometers of bathymetry, 875 line kilometers of subice topography, and 12 new grounding line depths.
On the flow of Atlantic water and temperature anomalies in the Nordic Seas toward the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Chafik L. , Nilsson J. , Skagseth Ø. , Lundberg P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe climatic conditions over the Arctic Ocean are strongly influenced by the inflow of warm Atlantic water conveyed by the Norwegian Atlantic Slope Current (NwASC). Based on sea surface height (SSH) data from altimetry, we develop a simple dynamical measure of the NwASC transport to diagnose its spatio‐temporal variability. This supports a dynamical division of the NwASC into two flow regimes; the Svinøy Branch (SvB) in the southern Norwegian Sea, and the Fram Strait Branch (FSB) west of Spitsbergen. The SvB transport is well correlated with the SSH and atmospheric variability within the Nordic Seas, factors that also affect the inflow to the Barents Sea. In contrast, the FSB is influenced by regional atmospheric conditions around Svalbard and northern Barents Sea. Using a composite analysis, we further relate anomalous strong SvB flow events to temperature fluctuations along the core of Atlantic water. A warm composite anomaly is found to propagate northward, with a tendency to amplify enroute, after these events. A roughly 12 months delayed temperature signal is identified in the FSB. However, also in the Lofoten Basin interior a delayed temperature signal is found, which appears to originate from the NwASC. This study suggests that hydrographic anomalies both upstream from the North Atlantic, and locally generated in the Norwegian Sea, are important for the oceanic heat and salt transport that eventually enters into the Arctic.
Loitering of the retreating sea ice edge in the Arctic Seas
Authors: Steele Michael , Ermold Wendy 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEach year, the arctic sea ice edge retreats from its winter maximum extent through the Seasonal Ice Zone (SIZ) to its summer minimum extent. On some days, this retreat happens at a rapid pace, while on other days, parts of the pan‐arctic ice edge hardly move for periods of days up to 1.5 weeks. We term this stationary behavior “ice edge loitering,” and identify areas that are more prone to loitering than others. Generally, about 20–25% of the SIZ area experiences loitering, most often only one time at any one location during the retreat season, but sometimes two or more times. The main mechanism controlling loitering is an interaction between surface winds and warm sea surface temperatures in areas from which the ice has already retreated. When retreat happens early enough to allow atmospheric warming of this open water, winds that force ice floes into this water cause melting. Thus, while individual ice floes are moving, the ice edge as a whole appears to loiter. The time scale of loitering is then naturally tied to the synoptic time scale of wind forcing. Perhaps surprisingly, the area of loitering in the arctic seas has not changed over the past 25 years, even as the SIZ area has grown. This is because rapid ice retreat happens most commonly late in the summer, when atmospheric warming of open water is weak. We speculate that loitering may have profound effects on both physical and biological conditions at the ice edge during the retreat season.
Anatomizing one of the largest saltwater inflows into the Baltic Sea in December 2014
Authors: Gräwe Ulf , Naumann Michael , Mohrholz Volker , Burchard Hans 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn December 2014, an exceptional inflow event into the Baltic Sea was observed, a so‐called Major Baltic Inflow (MBI). Such inflow events are important for the deep water ventilation in the Baltic Sea and typically occur every 3–10 years. Based on first observational data sets, this inflow had been ranked as the third largest since 100 years. With the help of a multinested modeling system, reaching from the North Atlantic (8 km resolution) to the Western Baltic Sea (600 m resolution, which is baroclinic eddy resolving), this event is reproduced in detail. The model gave a slightly lower salt transport of 3.8 Gt, compared to the observational estimate of four Gt. Moreover, by using passive tracers to mark the different inflowing water masses, including an age tracer, the inflowing water masses could be tracked and their paths and timing through the different basins could be reproduced and investigated. The analysis is supported by the recently developed Total Exchange Flow (TEF) to quantify the volume transport in different salinity classes. To account for uncertainties in the modeled velocity and tracer fields, a Monte Carlo Analysis (MCA) is applied to correct possible biases and errors. With the help of the MCA, 95% confidence intervals are computed for the transport estimates. Based on the MCA, the “best guess” of the volume transport is 291.0 ± 13.65 km3 and 3.89 ± 0.18 Gt for the total salt transport.
Exploring bin‐macrophysics models for moist convective transport and clouds
Authors: Neggers R. A. J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study explores a mass flux framework for moist convective transport and clouds that is formulated in terms of discretized size densities. The properties of each bin in these histograms are estimated individually, making use of a rising plume model. In this framework, the number density acts as a weight, appearing in the area fraction of the mass flux. Such “bin‐macrophysics” models have the benefit that bulk closures become redundant, and that scale‐awareness is introduced at the basis of the formulation. Large‐eddy simulation results are used to verify the design of this framework and to constrain associated constants of proportionality. The behavior of the framework is explored by means of single‐column model simulations of various idealized cases of shallow and deeper surface‐driven convection. A smoothly developing solution for a deepening marine shallow cumulus case is obtained, reproducing key aspects of transport and clouds that define this regime. Further investigation of the size statistics of the framework reveals that indirect interactions between size‐bins play a key role in the equilibration process. An “acceleration‐detrainment” layer is identified above cloud base in which the flux uptake by the largest plumes is counteracted by the detrainment by decelerating smaller plumes. This suppresses CIN, and thus acts to preserve the cloud‐subcloud coupling. The convective mass flux shows sensitivity to environmental humidity in the deeper convective cases, reproducing transitions from shallow‐to‐deep convection. Sensitivity tests are performed to assess the impact of various components of the framework.
Ein durch Halogen‐Halogen‐Wechselwirkungen zusammengehaltenes 2D‐Polychloridnetzwerk
Authors: Brückner Robin , Haller Heike , Steinhauer Simon , Müller Carsten , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAus einem Eutektikum zweier ionischer Flüssigkeiten wurde das neuartige Polychlorid [Et4N]2[(Cl3)2⋅Cl2] kristallisiert, welches eine anionische Schichtstruktur aus einem 2D‐Polychloridnetzwerk besitzt. Aufgrund ihres niedrigen Schmelzpunkts und Dampfdrucks kann die Verbindung als RTIL (room temperature ionic liquid) beschrieben werden. Die Verbindung wurde mittels IR‐ und Raman‐Spektroskopie sowie Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse vollständig charakterisiert. Quantenchemische Festkörperberechnungen bestätigen die experimentellen Ergebnisse und geben weitere Einblicke in die Bindungssituation.
Stabilizer‐Guided Inhibition of Protein–Protein Interactions
Authors: Milroy Lech‐Gustav , Bartel Maria , Henen Morkos A. , Leysen Seppe , Adriaans Joris M. C. , Brunsveld Luc , Landrieu Isabelle , Ottmann Christian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe discovery of novel protein–protein interaction (PPI) modulators represents one of the great molecular challenges of the modern era. PPIs can be modulated by either inhibitor or stabilizer compounds, which target different though proximal regions of the protein interface. In principle, protein–stabilizer complexes can guide the design of PPI inhibitors (and vice versa). In the present work, we combine X‐ray crystallographic data from both stabilizer and inhibitor co‐crystal complexes of the adapter protein 14‐3‐3 to characterize, down to the atomic scale, inhibitors of the 14‐3‐3/Tau PPI, a potential drug target to treat Alzheimer’s disease. The most potent compound notably inhibited the binding of phosphorylated full‐length Tau to 14‐3‐3 according to NMR spectroscopy studies. Our work sets a precedent for the rational design of PPI inhibitors guided by PPI stabilizer–protein complexes while potentially enabling access to new synthetically tractable stabilizers of 14‐3‐3 and other PPIs.