bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The (Mis)Measure of Trans
Authors: Labuski Christine , Keo-Meier Colton 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This essay considers the utility of research questions that articulate aspects of transgender lives to the nontransgender populations with whom they share a wide range of bodily and lived experience. By foregrounding transgender's instability as a research variable, the authors argue for more precise methodological orientations in trans research, particularly regarding gender and sexual orientation. Drawing on their own data with trans men whose sexual attractions have shifted during transition, they argue against unidimensional interpretations of this experience. Feminists and critical race scholars suggest that race and gender frequently function as “proxies”: variables that reduce the complexities of biosocial bodily experience to more quantifiable forms of data. The authors argue that much of the research conducted with transgender persons suffers from similar reductions, narrowing the epistemological frameworks through which these populations are subsequently investigated and understood. By contrasting the National Transgender Discrimination Survey's focus on the measurable experience of discrimination with research that makes broader claims regarding “the transgender population,” the essay invites researchers to develop a set of best practices that resemble those of feminist science studies scholars.
From Multiracial to Transgender?
Authors: Schilt Kristen , Bratter Jenifer 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In 2000, the US Census Bureau acknowledged multiracial Americans on the decennial census in an attempt to better capture racial heterogeneity and to more closely align what is publicly collected on forms with people's personal understandings of their racial identity. In this article, we start a discussion of how the census—a major source of political identity recognition and legitimation—could be more inclusive of gender variance. We ask: (1) Is there support for a transgender category on the US census? (2) Who might select a transgender option if it were provided? To answer these questions, we conducted questionnaire research at three transgender and genderqueer conferences and found strong support for the inclusion of a transgender category. Conversely, we found that many people did not currently check “transgender” on forms when given the opportunity. As we show, the decision to check “transgender” varies by what we term gender identity validation. In other words, people who identified as male or female and who felt others viewed them as unequivocally male or female, respectively, were less likely to check “transgender” than people who identified as transgender or who experienced a discrepancy between their self-perceived and other-perceived gender identity. These differences suggest that—similar to the push for adding a multiracial category to the census—the expansion of sex/gender categories is most likely to come from individuals who experience themselves as constrained by the existing possibilities and/or who are stigmatized by others' conceptions of the appropriate alignment of bodies and genders.
Information Systems and the Translation of Transgender
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey Alan 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Using the data systems of Utah Valley University as a representative case study, this research note discusses the sociotechnical process, which I term the translation regime, through which data systems interpret and construct the world, focusing on gender nonconformity as a paradigmatic instance of that process. Through both the technical structures of data systems and the social knowledge within which they operate, such regimes impose multiple substantive translations on the conditions that they purport to represent, translations that come with important political consequences for those who are gender nonconforming. So understood, information technology becomes an important locus for action in the pursuit of social justice for gender-nonconforming people.
The incidence, spectrum and outcome of paediatric trauma managed by the Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service
Authors: Manchev V , Bruce JL , Oosthuizen GV , Laing GL , Clarke DL 
Published: April 2015

Introduction The Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service (PMTS) has run a systematic quality improvement programme since 2006. A key component included the development and implementation of an effective surveillance system in the form of an electronic surgical registry (ESR). This study used data from the ESR to review the incidence, spectrum and outcome of paediatric trauma in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Methods The ESR was reviewed, and all cases of paediatric trauma managed between 1 January 2012 and 30 July 2014 were retrieved for analysis. Results During the study period, 1,041 paediatric trauma patients (724 male, 69.5%) were managed by the PMTS, averaging a monthly admission of 36. The mean age was 10.9 years (standard deviation: 5.4 years). The mechanism of injury (MOI) was blunt trauma in 753 patients (72.3%) and penetrating trauma in 170 (16.3%). Pedestrian vehicle collisions accounted for 21% of cases and motor vehicle collisions for a further 11%. Intentional trauma accounted for 282 patients (27.1%) and self-inflicted trauma for 14 cases (1.3%). Ninety patients admitted to the intensive care unit and fifty-one required high dependency unit admission. There were 17 deaths, equating to an in-hospital mortality rate of 1.7%. A total of 172 children died on the scene of an incident. There were 35 road traffic related deaths, 26 suicides by hanging, 27 deaths from blunt assault and 23 deaths from penetrating assault. The overall mortality rate for paediatric trauma was 18.2%. Conclusions The ESR has proved to be an effective surveillance system and has enabled the accurate quantification of the burden of paediatric trauma in Pietermaritzburg. This has improved our understanding of the mechanisms and patterns of injury, and has identified a high incidence of intentional and penetrating trauma as well as road traffic collisions. These data can be used to guide strategies to reduce the burden of paediatric trauma in our environment.
Cost of infection after surgery for intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck
Authors: Wijeratna MD , McRoberts J , Porteous MJ 
Published: April 2015

Introduction We investigated the financial and human costs of postoperative infection for intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck at a district general hospital in the UK. Methods Data on postoperative infections after surgical treatment for intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck were collected prospectively from June 2005 to April 2009. Infected patients were pairwise-matched (1:2 ratio) with a non-infected group of patients from a database on hip fractures. Costs of additional surgery, duration of hospital stay, and opportunity costs were calculated using Primary Care Trust (PCT) tariffs and PCT-specific data. Results A total of 525 patients were treated with total hip replacement (n=110) or hip hemiarthroplasty (n=415). Seventeen patients (3.2%) were identified as having a surgical-site infection. Eight (1.5%) deep infections and nine (1.7%) superficial infections were documented. Compared with the non-infected group, duration of hospital stay and the prevalence of mortality doubled. Repeat surgery and the costs associated with hospital admission were increased significantly in the infected group. Mean financial loss associated with an infected patient was £7,726, whereas an uninfected patient brought £153 of profit to the hospital. When opportunity costs were considered, an infected patient represented £24,397 of lost income. Conclusions Postoperative infection after surgical treatment for intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck has a significant negative impact on duration of hospital stay and financial costs, and demonstrates a trend towards an increase in the prevalence of mortality.
Comparison of oncological safety between nipple sparing mastectomy and total mastectomy using propensity score matching
Authors: Seki T , Jinno H , Okabayashi K , Murata T , Matsumoto A , Takahashi M , Hayashida T , Kitagawa Y 
Published: April 2015

Introdcution Although nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) has attracted increased recognition as an alternative to traditional mastectomy approaches, its oncological safety is unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the local recurrence rate between NSM and total mastectomy (TM). Methods Between 2003 and 2013, 121 and 557 patients with stage 0–III breast cancer underwent NSM and TM respectively. Multivariate Cox regression and propensity score models were used to compare the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the five-year local recurrence rate between the NSM and TM groups (7.6% vs 4.9%, p=0.398). In multivariate analysis, NSM was not a risk factor for local recurrence (hazard ratio: 1.653, 95% confidence interval: 0.586–4.663, p=0.343). Propensity score matching found similar five-year local recurrence free survival rates between the two groups (92.3% vs 93.7%, p=0.655). Conclusions Our results suggest that NSM may provide oncological safety comparable with mastectomy for carefully selected patients.
Palatal and retropharyngeal injury secondary to intubation using the GlideScope® video laryngoscope
Authors: Thorley DS , Simons AR , Mirza O , Malik V 
Published: April 2015

Introduction There are few reports of injury to the soft palate and retropharynx sustained during intubation with the GlideScope® video laryngoscope. Most reports are of isolated injury to the soft palate. Case History We describe a patient in whom the retropharynx was injured but the extent of the injury was not observed initially. The patient did not suffer severe sequelae from this injury. However, this injury can cause serious sequelae if it is not recognised (eg development of a retropharyngeal abscess). Conclusions We recommend that any patient who sustains injury to the soft palate during intubation (particularly if the endotracheal tube passes through the soft palate) should be reviewed an otolaryngologist before removal of the endotracheal tube.
Normalisation of Hamiltonian in photogravitational elliptic restricted three body problem with Poynting-Robertson drag
Authors: Mishra Vivek , Ishwar Bhola 
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we have performed first order normalization in the photogravitational elliptic restricted three body problem Â with Poynting-Robertson drag. We suppose that bigger primary as radiating and smaller primary is an oblate spheroid. We have found the Lagrangian and the Hamiltonian of the problem. Then, we have expanded the Lagrangian function in power series of x and y, where (x, y) are the coordinates of the triangular equilibrium points. Using Whittaker (1965) method, we have found that the second order part H2 of the Hamiltonian is transformed into the normal form.
Innovation, Innovativeness And Gender - Approaching Innovative Gender
Authors: Okoń-Horodyńska Ewa , Zachorowska-Mazurkiewicz Anna 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with the attempt to search for the sources of creativity in the broad sense in solving problems. These creative solutions become innovations. The ability to develop innovation depends on the multi-dimensional predispositions to solve problems – those found in people, inspired by the market, organised or spontaneous, as well as facilitated or hampered by the state. Yet, the aforementioned factors should be supplemented with one more – gender. In the chapter attention is paid to the multi-dimensional differences stemming from gender, which should be perceived as a positive element, because they are the source of synergy resulting from collaboration among research or business teams in the process of innovation. The chapter introduces the concept of ‘innovative gender’ and its institutional framework. The methodological inspiration is the model known in the literature as the Innovation Genome, the conceptualization of which constitutes a major part of the study.
Determinants Of Bank’s Profitability In EU15
Authors: Căpraru Bogdan , Ihnatov Iulian 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In this paper we analyse determinants of bank profitability of EU15 banking systems for the period 2001-2011. We use as proxy for banks profitability the return on average assets (ROAA), the return on average equity (ROAE) and net interest margin (NIM). We also measure the impact of the first and the largest wave of enlargement (10 new members in 2004) on EU15 bank profitability, introducing a dummy variable. The contribution of this paper for the empirical literature is that there are no other studies that deal bank profitability for all EU 15 countries for the period considered (2001-2011). The literature splits the factors that influence banks’ profitability in two large groups: bank-specific (internal) factors and industry specific and macroeconomic (external) factors. Our results are in line with the economic theory. Cost to Income Ratio, credit risk and market concentration had a negative influence in case of all measures of banks’ profitability, while bank liquidity only for ROAE and NIM. The size of banks had a negative impact on NIM, suggesting that bigger the bank is, smaller the net interest margin ratio is, but, on the contrary, in case of ROAA, had a direct effect. The market concentration had a negative influence, meaning that the increasing competition, as a structural point of view, increases banks’ profitability. The results show us that the process of European Union enlargement from 2004 does not have significant impact on EU15 banking systems’ profitability. It has a week and negative effect only in case of net interest margin. As policy recommendations, we suggest for authorities a better supervision for credit risk and liquidity and maintaining a competitive banking environment. For banks’ management we also recommend to monitor the credit risk indicators, optimizing costs and diversifying the sources of income.
Case Study In The Field Of Innovation In Selected Companies In Slovak Republic
Authors: Hajduová Zuzana , Lacko Roman , Mildeová Stanislava , Stričík Michal 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Innovations are the source of competitive advantage and direction of the strategic choices are the most important factor determining the success of a business in the 21st century. In this context, the objective is to examine the contribution of the innovation process in small and medium-sized enterprises in the Slovak Republic, with the help of analysis we evaluate the benefits of the introduction of innovations, and search for the structure of the system and behaviour of systems archetypes. There is some evidence that might be used as advice to help with effectivity of innovation process in wider international spectrum.
Suggested roles for microRNA in tumors
Authors: Perge Pál , Nagy Zoltán , Igaz Ivan , Igaz Peter 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules encoded by distinct genes involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Forming part of the epigenetic machinery, microRNAs are involved in several aspects of tumorigenesis. Deregulation of microRNA expression is a common feature of tumors. Overexpressed oncogenic and underexpressed tumor suppressor microRNAs have been described in many different tumors. MicroRNAs are released from tumors that might affect other cells within and outside the tumor. Circulating microRNAs might also be involved in a tumor surveillance mechanism. In this short overview, some important aspects of microRNA in tumors are discussed.
Using Microstrip LPF in Gysel Power Divider for Extreme Size Reduction and Higher Order Harmonic Suppression
Authors: Siahkamari H. , Makki S. Vahab A. , Malakooti S.-A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a new design of a compact Gysel power divider with harmonic suppression. It comprises six similar low-pass filters in lieu of six conventional transmission lines in the Gysel power divider. Not only does the proposed power divider extremely reduce the occupied area to 22.7% of the conventional Gysel power divider at 900 MHz, but also it features the higher order harmonic rejection. Simulation and measurement results show good insertion loss, return loss, isolation, and wide stopband bandwidth, while maintaining high-power handling capability over the Wilkinson power divider.
An unabelian version of the Voronov higher bracket construction
Authors: Bordemann Martin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we show how to extend Voronov's construction of L
∞-structures
by using the splitting of a graded Lie algebra
into the direct vector space sum of two subalgebras, of which one
is abelian, to just a graded Lie algebra inclusion without an algebraic
complement. The construction uses certain Verma modules of the universal
enveloping algebra of the graded Lie algebra, and it is fairly explicit in
terms of convolution formulas.
Voronov's result [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 202 (2005), 133–153]
and Bandiera's result on nonabelian
complements [http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.4097]
occur as particular cases.
The toughness of hygrothermally modified wood
Authors: Hughes Mark , Hill Callum , Pfriem Alexander 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe mechanical properties of thermally modified wood are discussed with regard to toughness. The molecular origins of the mechanical properties and, in particular, the role of the hemicelluloses are considered. The important role of water and its interaction with the cell wall components is also examined. The properties are discussed from the point of view of composite theory, with the three main macromolecular components acting as reinforcement, matrix and interfacial coupling agent. The important role that hemicelluloses play as a coupling agent between the cellulosic microfibril reinforcement and the lignin-rich matrix is highlighted. Destruction of the hemicelluloses during the thermal modification process has a profound effect upon the mechanical behaviour.
Quantifying an Agreement Study
Authors: Liao Jason J. Z. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn medical and other related sciences, clinical or experimental measurements usually serve as a basis for diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic, and performance evaluations. Examples can be assessing the reliability of multiple raters (or measurement methods), assessing the suitability for tumor evaluation of using a local laboratory or a central laboratory in a randomized clinical trial (RCT), validating surrogate endpoints in a study, determining that the important outcome measurements are interchangeable among the evaluators in an RCT. Any elegant study design cannot overcome the damage by unreliable measurement. Many methods have been developed to assess the agreement of two measurement methods. However, there is little attention to quantify how good the agreement of two measurement methods is. In this paper, similar to the type I error and the power in describing a hypothesis testing, we propose quantifying an agreement assessment using two rates: the discordance rate and the tolerance probability. This approach is demonstrated through examples.
A Universal Approximate Cross-Validation Criterion for Regular Risk Functions
Authors: Commenges Daniel , Proust-Lima Cécile , Samieri Cécilia , Liquet Benoit 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSelection of estimators is an essential task in modeling. A general framework is that the estimators of a distribution are obtained by minimizing a function (the estimating function) and assessed using another function (the assessment function). A classical case is that both functions estimate an information risk (specifically cross-entropy); this corresponds to using maximum likelihood estimators and assessing them by Akaike information criterion (AIC). In more general cases, the assessment risk can be estimated by leave-one-out cross-validation. Since leave-one-out cross-validation is computationally very demanding, we propose in this paper a universal approximate cross-validation criterion under regularity conditions (UACVR). This criterion can be adapted to different types of estimators, including penalized likelihood and maximum a posteriori estimators, and also to different assessment risk functions, including information risk functions and continuous rank probability score (CRPS). UACVR reduces to Takeuchi information criterion (TIC) when cross-entropy is the risk for both estimation and assessment. We provide the asymptotic distributions of UACVR and of a difference of UACVR values for two estimators. We validate UACVR using simulations and provide an illustration on real data both in the psychometric context where estimators of the distributions of ordered categorical data derived from threshold models and models based on continuous approximations are compared.
Historical development of labile verbs in modern Russian
Authors: Letuchiy Alexander 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe article deals with the phenomenon of lability (ambitransitivity), in other words, the ability of a verb to be either transitive or intransitive. I analyze the historical development of verbs which are currently labile in modern Russian. The main group of Russian labile verbs includes verbs of motion. On the basis of corpus and dictionary data, I conclude that the behavior of the lexemes under analysis is far from being uniform. However, interestingly, for most of them, e.g.,In the cases when the intransitive use becomes more frequent, the semantic change matches the statistical one. In the beginning, verbs of this subtype were only used intransitively in a restricted type of contexts (e.g., for
Production and Properties of Composite Material Comprising Gd Multiscale Particles
Authors: Jaworski Jacek , Gawłowski Grzegorz 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The article presents a novel method of producing Gd particles and preserving them from oxidation. The particles were produced in liquid paraffin by means of AC electric discharge and stored in the solidified paraffin. After seven months, the surface of the Gd was found to be exempt of oxidation. Moreover a composite material formed from mixing paraffin with Gd particles was conductive and magnetic and also presented photovoltaic effect. This method is a promising means of producing, at an industrial scale, particles from materials extremely sensitive to environment such as rare earth materials. Also the new material consisted of Gd particles in a paraffin matrix can find applications in many branches of industry.