bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of falls and bleeding in elderly patients with acute venous thromboembolism
Authors: Kämpfen P. , Méan M. , Limacher A. , Righini M. , Jaeger K. , Beer H‐J. , Osterwalder J. , Frauchiger B. , Matter C. M. , Kucher N. , Cornuz J. , Banyai M. , Egloff M. , Aschwanden M. , Bounameaux H. , Rodondi N. , Aujesky D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveWhether or not a high risk of falls increases the risk of bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulants remains a matter of debate.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study involving 991 patients ≥65 years of age who received anticoagulants for acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) at nine Swiss hospitals between September 2009 and September 2012. The study outcomes were as follows: the time to a first major episode of bleeding; and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding. We determined the associations between the risk of falls and the time to a first episode of bleeding using competing risk regression, accounting for death as a competing event. We adjusted for known bleeding risk factors and anticoagulation as a time‐varying covariate.ResultsFour hundred fifty‐eight of 991 patients (46%) were at high risk of falls. The mean duration of follow‐up was 16.7 months. Patients at high risk of falls had a higher incidence of major bleeding (9.6 vs. 6.6 events/100 patient‐years; P = 0.05) and a significantly higher incidence of clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (16.7 vs. 8.3 events/100 patient‐years; P < 0.001) than patients at low risk of falls. After adjustment, a high risk of falls was associated with clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding [subhazard ratio (SHR) = 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23–2.46], but not with major bleeding (SHR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.83–1.86).ConclusionIn elderly patients who receive anticoagulants because of VTE, a high risk of falls is significantly associated with clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, but not with major bleeding. Whether or not a high risk of falls is a reason against providing anticoagulation beyond 3 months should be based on patient preferences and the risk of VTE recurrence.
Inactivation of MYC reverses tumorigenesis
Authors: Li Y. , Casey S. C. , Felsher D. W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe MYC proto‐oncogene is an essential regulator of many normal biological programmes. MYC, when activated as an oncogene, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of most types of human cancers. MYC overexpression in normal cells is restrained from causing cancer through multiple genetically and epigenetically controlled checkpoint mechanisms, including proliferative arrest, apoptosis and cellular senescence. When pathologically activated in the correct epigenetic and genetic contexts, MYC bypasses these mechanisms and drives many of the ‘hallmark’ features of cancer, including uncontrolled tumour growth associated with DNA replication and transcription, cellular proliferation and growth, protein synthesis and altered cellular metabolism. MYC also dictates tumour cell fate by enforcing self‐renewal and by abrogating cellular senescence and differentiation programmes. Moreover, MYC influences the tumour microenvironment, including activating angiogenesis and suppressing the host immune response. Provocatively, brief or even partial suppression of MYC back to its physiological levels of activation can lead to the restoration of intrinsic checkpoint mechanisms, resulting in acute and sustained tumour regression associated with tumour cells undergoing proliferative arrest, differentiation, senescence and apoptosis, as well as remodelling of the tumour microenvironment, recruitment of an immune response and shutdown of angiogenesis. Hence, tumours appear to be addicted to the MYC oncogene because of both tumour cell intrinsic and host‐dependent mechanisms. MYC is important for the regulation of both the initiation and maintenance of tumorigenesis.
High‐Resolution MRI Visualization of Aneurysmal Thrombosis after Flow Diverter Stent Placement
Authors: Gory Benjamin , Sigovan Monica , Vallecilla Carolina , Courbebaisse Guy , Turjman Francis 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTFlow‐diverter stents are the new promising tools in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms allowing progressive aneurysm occlusion. Here, we report a case where high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging showed thrombus at fundus of the aneurysm sac, indicating a progressive intraaneurysmal thrombosis after flow‐diverter placement.
Monitoring of Cortical Activity Postreperfusion. A Powerful Tool for Predicting Clinical Response Immediately After Recanalization
Authors: Flores Alan , Ribó Marc , Rubiera Marta , Gonzalez‐Cuevas Montserrat , Pagola Jorge , Rodriguez‐Luna David , Muchada Marián , Kallas Julia , Meler Pilar , Sanjuan Estela , Alvarez‐Sabin Jose , Montaner Joan , Molina Carlos A. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn acute ischemic stroke, although early recanalization predicts rapid neurological recovery, in some cases early reperfusion does not immediately correlate to clinical improvement as “stunned brain” patients. The cortical activity monitoring in stroke patients is usually performed to evaluate epileptic activity through electroencephalogram. Bispectral index (BIS) monitor the cortical activity by fronto‐temporal electrodes and is currently used for monitoring level of conscious on sedo‐analgesia patients. Some studies have shown certain sensibility to detect cerebrovascular events during carotid revascularization. We aimed to evaluate the impact of BIS monitoring before and shortly after reperfusion on early and delayed clinical improvement on stroke patients.METHODSConsecutive patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke who received reperfusion therapies were monitored with bicortical BIS during the first 6 hours of admission. We registered initial and final BIS value on the affected and contralateral side and determined asymmetry and changes in relation to recanalization and other clinical variables as sedation and perprocedure complications. We defined major clinical improvement decrease ≥8 points at discharge or 5 day at admission. Infarct volume was measure on 24‐hour CT scan. Modified Rankin score at 3 months was evaluated.RESULTSA total of 53 patients were monitored with BIS. Median age was 73 years, median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 16. We observed an inverse correlation between final BIS score and NIHSS at discharge (P < .001; r = −.538) and infarct volume at 24 hours (P = .031; r = −.430).A receiver–operator characteristic curve identified a final BIS score of >81 as the value that better predicted further clinical improvement. After adjusting for recanalization, posttreatment NIHSS and age, final BIS emerged as the only independent predictor of clinical improvement(OR 1.21; CI 95%:1.01–1.28; P = .024).Among patients without improvement at 24 hours, after adjusting for recanalization, posttreatment NIHSS and age, final BIS value >81 emerged as the only independent predictor of clinical improvement(OR 11.6; CI 95%:1.112–122.3; P = .04).CONCLUSIONBIS value is associated with clinical and radiological variables in acute stroke patients. The final BIS value is a powerful independent predictor of further clinical improvement. Larger studies are needed to assess the value of post reperfusion cortical activity measured by BIS.
Comparison of the biological activity of two different isolates from mangosteen
Authors: Moongkarndi Primchanien , Jaisupa Nattapon , Samer Jutima , Kosem Nuttavut , Konlata Julaporn , Rodpai Ekkarat , Pongpan Narongchai 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Objective
Mangosteen has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of many diseases. Recent studies have reported the active constituents isolated from this plant. In this study, purified α-mangostin, a major component and partially purified water-soluble fraction found in fruit pericarps, was carefully isolated, and their biological activity was compared, i.e. antioxidative activity and cytotoxic effect in breast cancer cells: SKBR3.

Methods
Antioxidative activity was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, whereas the cytotoxic effect was evaluated by the MTT assay and morphological changes by fluorescence staining.

Key finding
The DPPH scavenging capacities of α-mangostin and water-soluble extract were obtained, the IC50 at 183.95 and 54.57 μg/ml, respectively. Meanwhile, the intracellular ROS level was significantly decreased after treatment with α-mangostin and water-soluble extraction at 20 and 200 μg/ml, respectively. α-mangostin exhibited the cytotoxicity at ED50 8.21 μg/ml, while the water-soluble extract was non-toxic to cells at ED50 higher than 160 μg/ml. Both constituents showed antioxidative activity by chemical assay and in cells, but α-mangostin expressed strong cytotoxicity and showed apoptotic bodies.

Conclusion
The different isolated constituents would be further studied for future possible use as chemotherapy in cancer and chemoprevention in Alzheimer's disease.
Mycorrhizal traits and plant communities: perspectives for integration
Authors: Moora Mari 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPlant functional type‐ and trait‐based approaches to understanding vegetation dynamics are gradually gaining popularity. However, plant mycorrhizal traits are rarely considered in plant trait databases and are almost totally neglected in trait‐based plant community studies, despite more than 90% of the land flora being mycorrhizal. In this paper I describe and define the mycorrhizal traits of plant species, notably mycorrhizal type, mycorrhizal status, mycorrhizal flexibility and mycorrhizal dependency, which potentially influence plant distribution and community structure. I propose ways of using these traits for large‐scale synthetic studies for understanding the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in vegetation dynamics. I suggest considering plant community mycorrhization – community means of mycorrhizal traits weighted by plant species abundances – and suggest an index of mycorrhization to describe the mycorrhizal trait composition of plant communities.
Trait‐mediated effects between predators: ant chemical cues induce spider dispersal
Authors: Mestre L. , Bucher R. , Entling M. H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPredators can induce changes in prey phenotype such as dispersal, activity and foraging rate. Such trait‐mediated effects (TMEs) can strongly affect prey populations and generate trophic cascades, rivaling the importance of predation in communities. However, the relevance of TME on intraguild interactions has rarely been addressed. Ants and spiders are widespread generalist predators in terrestrial habitats. Ants influence arthropod assemblages and disrupt top‐down effects of spiders on herbivores by killing spiders and/or by inducing spider emigration. Here, we examined whether ants induce dispersal behaviour in spiders. We tested the effect of chemical cues of two ant species (Lasius niger, Formica clara) on the walking activity and the propensity for silk‐based dispersal of spiders. Silk‐based dispersal of the web‐builder Phylloneta impressa increased by 80% with exposure to Lasius cues, whereas dispersal of the hunting spider Xysticus more than doubled when confronted with cues of both Lasius and Formica. In addition, Xysticus individuals showed a marked increase in walking activity when exposed to Formica but not Lasius cues. Our results show for the first time that perceived predation risk influences spider dispersal. The strong effect of ant chemical cues on spider dispersal demonstrates that TMEs contribute to the impact of ants on arthropod communities.
Effects of spatiotemporal resource heterogeneity on home range size of American beaver
Authors: McClintic L. F. , Taylor J. D. , Jones J. C. , Singleton R. D. , Wang G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHome range size of terrestrial animals may be influenced by spatiotemporal dynamics of resources. However, little is known regarding the effects of spatiotemporal resource availability on semi‐aquatic central place foragers such as the American beaver Castor canadensis. From January 2011 to April 2012, 26 beavers at 11 wetlands at Redstone Arsenal in north‐central Alabama, USA, were captured and radio‐tracked using radio telemetry. The objectives of this study were to test the predictions of three hypotheses: (1) the resource dispersion hypothesis: more spatially dispersed resources throughout a landscape increase home range sizes; (2) the temporal resource variability hypothesis: more temporally variable resources result in decreases in home range sizes; (3) the habitat productivity hypothesis: increases in habitat productivity lead to decreases in home range sizes. Twenty‐three of 26 radio‐tagged beavers had well‐bounded home ranges, and their home range sizes were positively related to the diversity of land cover within home ranges as predicted by the resource dispersion hypothesis. Furthermore, home range sizes of 26 beavers, including three seasonally dispersing beavers, decreased with increasing seasonal variability of within‐home‐range normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), supporting the prediction of the resource heterogeneity hypothesis. Home range sizes of American beavers increased with increasing total NDVI and proportions of woody plant cover within home ranges probably to avoid overexploitation of woody plants. Our results suggest that the combination of resource quantity, spatial distribution and seasonal variation of resources influences movements and home ranges of central place foragers.
Coping with savanna seasonality: comparative daily activity patterns of African ungulates as revealed by GPS telemetry
Authors: Owen‐Smith N. , Goodall V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDaily activity schedules and time budgets reveal how animals cope with changing environmental conditions in securing food and evading enemies. Theory suggests that animals in populations limited by food availability should be energy maximizers in their foraging time allocation, while those regulated by predation should minimize their mobile activity levels. We compared daily and seasonal variation in activity states among three species of grazing ungulates coexisting in the same region of Kruger National Park, South Africa, and for one of these species between regions differing in rainfall. These grazers differed in body size and digestive physiology, potentially affecting their activity patterns. Hourly movement rates recorded by GPS telemetry were partitioned among activity states by applying independent mixture models. All three species showed activity peaks during the early morning and late afternoon, while resting prevailed pre‐dawn as well as through midday. African buffalo showed the strongest diel variation in activity and greatest depression of midday activity, consistent with their large body size. Buffalo maintained similar levels of activity through the day and night, while zebra and sable antelope showed higher levels of diurnal than nocturnal activity. During the late dry season, zebra and coexisting sable, but not buffalo, showed elevated foraging and total mobile activity. Zebra devoted more time to foraging than both ruminants, consistent with greater food intake requirements for hindgut digestion. Sable antelope inhabiting the region with higher rainfall showed similar activity levels to the sable herd in the drier area, but slower rates of movement while foraging and travelling and less elevation in foraging time towards the end of the dry season. Observed patterns indicated subtly changing interplay among different constraints bearing on activity patterns over the diel and seasonal cycles, especially those related to digestive physiology. Simplistic concepts of energy maximization or time minimization were not supported.
Chemical signals in the echidna: differences between seasons, sexes, individuals and gland types
Authors: Harris R. L. , Holland B. R. , Cameron E. Z. , Davies N. W. , Nicol S. C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSeasonally reproducing animals show many behavioural and physiological changes during the mating period, including increased signalling for mate attraction. Mammals often rely on chemical signals for communication and coordination of mating and other social behaviours, but our understanding of the subtleties and functions of mammalian signalling could be increased with more input from non‐model systems. We used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and non‐parametric statistics to investigate the volatile and non‐volatile composition of odorous secretions in an egg‐laying mammal (monotreme), the short‐beaked echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus. We collected a total of 778 odorant samples from 69 wild, sexually mature individuals over 3 years at our field site in southern Tasmania. Animals were sampled during the breeding and non‐breeding seasons, as well as during hibernation. Odorants included swabs from the cloaca and ‘waxy’ secretions from putative scent glands in the cloacal wall and at the base of the spurs. Chemical profiles varied between different gland secretions and by sex and season. Female spur and cloacal wax secretion profiles had higher relative abundances of sterols, whereas male wax secretion profiles had more long chain fatty acids. Male spur secretions changed significantly during the mating season and could function in intra‐sexual competition or female mate choice. Echidna scent gland secretions also varied between individuals, suggesting olfactory cues could be used for individual recognition. Our results indicate that echidna secretions contain information that could be used by individuals to attract and locate mates during the breeding season. We also provide evidence for the potential importance of compounds traditionally classified as ‘non‐volatile’, including sterols and fatty acids, as cues for individual recognition or mate assessment.
A study of the methodological and clinical validity of the combined lactulose hydrogen breath test with scintigraphic oro‐cecal transit test for diagnosing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in IBS patients
Authors: Zhao J. , Zheng X. , Chu H. , Zhao J. , Cong Y. , Fried M. , Fox M. , Dai N. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundSmall intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) may be a cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); however, current investigations have important limitations. We aimed to identify clinically relevant diagnostic criteria for SIBO based on lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT) alone and combined with scintigraphic measurement of oro‐cecal transit (SOCT).MethodsResults of LHBT/SOCT investigation from 89 IBS patients and 13 healthy volunteers were included in a systematic analysis of six published criteria for SIBO diagnosis. Clinical relevance of competing criteria was determined by assessing (i) prevalence of SIBO in IBS patients and healthy volunteers (ii) if SIBO diagnosis predicted improvement in IBS symptoms in a prospective, pilot therapeutic trial of a non‐absorbable antibiotic (rifaximin 600 mg b.d.) in IBS patients.Key ResultsReproducibility of SIBO diagnosis by combined LHBT/SOCT was near perfect. A ≥5 ppm H2 increase prior to appearance of cecal contrast was detected in more IBS patients than healthy volunteers (35/89 vs 1/13; p = 0.026), but not for other diagnostic criteria. IBS patients with SIBO, compared to those without SIBO, reported significantly greater improvement in abdominal symptoms following rifaximin therapy (p < 0.002 overall IBS symptom severity). This improvement was most marked in D‐IBS patients in whom all symptoms improved, including stool frequency and consistency (all p < 0.004).Conclusions & InferencesCombined LHBT/SOCT testing using a H2 5 ppm cutoff may identify a subgroup of IBS patients with SIBO. Pilot data examining the clinical response to rifaximin suggest that this subset of IBS patients may benefit more than those with a normal test.
Herpes Zoster Duplex Bilateralis in an Immunocompetent Adolescent Boy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yan Chen , Laguna Benjamin A. , Marlowe Lauren E. , Keller Michael D. , Treat James R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSimultaneous involvement of herpes zoster in multiple dermatomes is uncommon, and even more so in immunocompetent individuals. We report a case wherein a healthy adolescent boy presented with herpes zoster in two distinct dermatomes, raising concern for immunodeficiency, but he was found to be immunocompetent on further testing. A 14‐year‐old boy with no significant past medical history developed painless vesicular eruptions in two distinct distributions. Varicella zoster virus polymerase chain reaction was positive from unroofed vesicles in both regions. Initial laboratory studies disclosed abnormalities of unknown significance in natural killer (NK) cell percentage and function. The patient was treated with appropriate antiviral therapy. Repeat studies while healthy were not suggestive of an underlying NK cell defect. There are few case reports describing herpes zoster in two or more dermatomes in children. Previously described presentations most commonly occurred in the context of primary immunodeficiency, acquired immunodeficiency, or immunosuppressive medications. Because of the rarity of this presentation in immunocompetent patients, the authors recommend a thorough immune evaluation of all children presenting with isolated multidermatomal zoster.
Haploidentical parental hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Jun Yang , Quan Qin Mao , Bin Wang , Hua Zhu Guang , Li Zhang , Rui Zhang , Guang Jia Chen , Hao Ma Hong , Long Duan Yan , Jing Yang , Xuan Zhou 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChildren with MS‐LCH that fail to respond to conventional chemotherapy have poor outcomes. HSCT represents a potential salvage approach. It has been applied in over 50 cases in recent years. HSCT can achieve greater disease control than chemotherapy, but it carries a high risk of transplant‐related mortality; thus, the haploidentical parental HSCT is used infrequently in pediatric refractory LCH. We report the first successful haploidentical parental HSCT, with no T‐cell depletion, in two girls, aged 26 months and five months, with refractory MS‐LCH. The mothers were donors with 5/6 and 4/6 HLA matches, respectively. The conditioning regimen included busulfan + cyclophosphamide + etoposide + antithymocyte‐globulin ± fludarabine; the GVHD prophylaxis was based on cyclosporine + methotrexate ± mycophenolate‐mofetil ± zenapax. In both cases, the stem cells were sourced from peripheral blood and BM, which included CD34+ cells (13.17 × 106/kg and 40.23 × 106/kg, respectively). These patients survived and showed no signs of disease activity in 54‐ and 44‐month post‐HSCT follow‐ups. Our results indicated that, for patients that fail chemotherapy delivered early in the disease, but do not show organ dysfunction progression, it may be possible to achieve successful haploidentical parental HSCT with a strong myeloablative regimen.
Angiosarcoma successfully treated with liver transplantation and sirolimus
Authors: Xue Megan , Masand Prakash , Thompson Patrick , Finegold Milton , Leung Daniel H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMalignant liver tumors represent approximately 1% of malignancies in children. HA is a high‐grade tumor of endothelial cells that is even more rare in the pediatric population. HA has a limited response to chemotherapy, radiation and resection with universal tumor recurrence with LT and nearly 100% mortality by 18 months. This is the first reported successful case of hepatic angiosarcoma in a child who was treated by LT in combination with sirolimus. Sirolimus antagonizes the mTOR pathway, which regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, and is being studied as an anti‐neoplastic agent for solid tumors.