bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal parasites in rural dogs and cats in Selangor and Pahang states in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ngui Romano , Lee Soo , Yap Nan , Tan Tiong , Aidil Roslan , Chua Kek , Aziz Shafie , Sulaiman Wan , Ahmad Arine , Mahmud Rohela , Lian Yvonne 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTo estimate the current prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in dogs and cats, a total of 105 fresh faecal samples were collected from rural areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Each faecal sample was examined for the presence of GI parasites by microscopic examination after formalin-ether concentration technique and for protozoa, trichrome and Ziehl-Neelsen staining were employed. The overall prevalence of GI parasitic infection was 88.6% (95% CI = 82.5–94.7) in which 88.3% of dogs and 89.3% of cats were infected with at least one parasites species, respectively. There were 14 different GI parasites species (nematodes, cestodes and protozoa) detected, including Ancylostoma spp. (62.9%), Toxocara spp. (32.4%), Trichuris vulpis (21.0%), Spirometra spp. (9.5%), Toxascaris leonina (5.7%), Dipylidium caninum (4.8%), Ascaris spp. (2.9%), Hymenolepis diminuta (1.0%) and others. General prevalence of GI parasites showed a significant difference between helminth (84.4%) and protozoa (34.3%) infections. Monoparasitism (38.1%) was less frequent than polyparasitism (46.7%). As several of these GI parasites are recognized as zoonotic agents, the results of this investigation revealed that local populations may be exposed to a broad spectrum of zoonotic agents by means of environmental contamination with dogs and cats faeces and this information should be used to mitigate public health risks. Prevention and control measures have to be taken in order to reduce the prevalence rates especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities where animals live in close proximity to people, poor levels of hygiene and overcrowding together with a lack in veterinary attention and zoonotic awareness.
A search for antiplasmodial metabolites among fungal endophytes of terrestrial and marine plants of southern India
Authors: Kaushik Naveen , Murali Thokur , Sahal Dinkar , Suryanarayanan T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEighty four different fungal endophytes isolated from sea grasses (5), marine algae (36) and leaves or barks of forest trees (43) were grown in vitro and the secondary metabolites secreted by them were harvested by immobilizing them on XAD beads. These metabolites were eluted with methanol and screened using SYBR Green I assay for their antiplasmodial activity against blood stage Plasmodium falciparum in human red blood cell culture. Our results revealed that fungal endophytes belonging to diverse genera elaborate antiplasmodial metabolites. A Fusarium sp. (580, IC50: 1.94 μg ml−1) endophytic in a marine alga and a Nigrospora sp. (151, IC50: 2.88 μg ml−1) endophytic in a tree species were subjected to antiplasmodial activity-guided reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography separation. Purification led to potentiation as reflected in IC50 values of 0.12 μg ml-1 and 0.15 μg ml−1 for two of the fractions obtained from 580. Our study adds further credence to the notion that fungal endophytes are a potential storehouse for a variety of novel secondary metabolites vested with different bioactivities including some that can stall the growth of the malaria parasite.
First detection and molecular characterization of Echinococcus equinus in a Mule in Turkey
Authors: Simsek Sami , Cevik Aydin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease with a cosmopolital distribution. It is caused by the larval stages (metacestodes) of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus which infects different animal species. In this report, we present a case of E. granulosus infection in a mule and molecular characterization of the cyst. For this purpose parasite material was collected from the liver of a necropsied mule. DNA was isolated and PCR amplification of mitochondrial 12S rRNA as well as partial sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mt-CO1) genes were performed. Six unilocular cysts, filled with clear fluid were found in the liver and spleen. All cysts were found to be fertile. The 12S rRNA-PCR did not yield any band while mt-CO1-PCR yielded a 446 bp sized amplification product. Sequence corresponding to mt-CO1 gene was identical to a sequence reported for E. equinus (formerly G4) (Genbank accession number: KC953029). This is the first record of E. equinus as a cause of cystic echinococcosis in a mule in Turkey.
Characterization and properties of (Pσ, Q) symmetric and co-symmetric matrices
Authors: Trench William F. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Let P ∈ ℂmxm and Q ∈ ℂn×n be invertible matrices partitioned as P = [P0 P1 · · · Pk−1] and Q = [Q0 Q1 · · · Qk−1], with P ℓ ∈ ℂm×mℓ and Qℓ ∈ ℂn×nℓ , 0 ≤ ℓ ≤ k − 1. Partition P−1 and Q−1 as

where P̂ℓ ∈ ℂmℓ ×m, Q̂ℓ ∈ ℂnℓ×n , P̂ℓPm = δℓmImℓ , and Q̂ℓQm = δℓmInℓ , 0 ≤ ℓ, m ≤ k − 1. Let Zk = {0, 1, . . . , k − 1}. We study matrices A =

Pσ(ℓ)FℓQℓ and B =

QℓGℓPσ(ℓ), where σ : Zk → Zk. Special cases: A =

and B =

, where Aℓ ∈ ℂd1×d2 and Bℓ ∈ ℂd2×d1, 0 ≤ ℓ ≤ k − 1.
Short-term Cortical Plasticity Associated With Feedback-Error Learning After Locomotor Training in a Patient With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Chisholm Amanda E. , Peters Sue , Borich Michael R. , Boyd Lara A. , Lam Tania 
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose
For rehabilitation strategies to be effective, training should be based on principles of motor learning, such as feedback-error learning, that facilitate adaptive processes in the nervous system by inducing errors and recalibration of sensory and motor systems. This case report suggests that locomotor resistance training can enhance somatosensory and corticospinal excitability and modulate resting-state brain functional connectivity in a patient with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI).

Case Description
The short-term cortical plasticity of a 31-year-old man who had sustained an incomplete SCI 9.5 years previously was explored in response to body-weight–supported treadmill training with velocity-dependent resistance applied with a robotic gait orthosis. The following neurophysiological and neuroimaging measures were recorded before and after training. Sensory evoked potentials were elicited by electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve and recorded from the somatosensory cortex. Motor evoked potentials were generated with transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the tibialis anterior muscle representation in the primary motor cortex. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate short-term changes in patterns of brain activity associated with locomotor training.

Outcomes
Somatosensory excitability and corticospinal excitability were observed to increase after locomotor resistance training. Motor evoked potentials increased (particularly at higher stimulation intensities), and seed-based resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses revealed increased functional connectivity strength in the motor cortex associated with the less affected side after training.

Discussion
The observations suggest evidence of short-term cortical plasticity in 3 complementary neurophysiological measures after one session of locomotor resistance training. Future investigation in a sample of people with incomplete SCI will enhance the understanding of potential neural mechanisms underlying the behavioral response to locomotor resistance training.
Spinal extradural en plaque meningiomas: clinical features and long-term outcomes of 12 cases
Authors: Wu Liang , Yang Tao , Deng Xiaofeng , Yang Chenlong , Zhao Lei , Yao Ning , Fang Jingyi , Wang Guihuai , Yang Jun , Xu Yulun 
Published: September 2014

Object
Extradural en plaque meningiomas are very rare tumors in the spinal canal. Most studies on these lesions have been case reports with literature reviews. In this paper, the authors review their experience in a surgical series of 12 patients with histologically proven, purely extradural en plaque meningiomas and discuss their clinical features, radiological findings, and long-term outcomes.

Methods
Clinical and imaging data of 12 patients with spinal extradural en plaque meningiomas treated at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
There were 5 male and 7 female patients, with a mean age of 39.9 years. The mean follow-up period was 74.8 months. Nine tumors were located in the cervical spine, 1 in the cervicothoracic spine, and 2 in the thoracic spine. All the tumors were confirmed as extradural en plaque meningiomas with sheetlike growth along the dura mater. Gross-total resection of the tumor with a well-demarcated dissection plane was achieved in 4 cases. Subtotal resection was achieved in 8 cases, 2 of whom underwent postoperative low-dose radiation therapy. The symptoms present before the surgery were improved in all cases at the last follow-up evaluation. The postoperative follow-up MRI showed no recurrence or regrowth in 4 cases with gross-total removal and 7 cases with subtotal removal during the mean follow-up periods of 58.0 months and 71.1 months, respectively. One patient experienced recurrence at 88 months after his initial subtotal removal and improved following a revision operation.

Conclusions
Spinal extradural en plaque meningiomas are amenable to surgery if complete removal can be achieved. Because of the encirclement of the dura that is characteristic of the tumors, complete resection is usually difficult, subtotal removal for spinal cord decompression is advised, and follow-up imaging is needed. The risk of long-term recurrence/regrowth of the lesions is low, and a good clinical outcome after total or subtotal removal can be expected.
Magnetoencephalography-guided resection of epileptogenic foci in children
Authors: Albert Gregory W. , Ibrahim George M. , Otsubo Hiroshi , Ochi Ayako , Go Cristina Y. , Snead O. Carter , Drake James M. , Rutka James T. 
Published: September 2014

Object
Resective surgery is increasingly used in the management of pediatric epilepsy. Frequently, invasive monitoring with subdural electrodes is required to adequately map the epileptogenic focus. The risks of invasive monitoring include the need for 2 operations, infection, and CSF leak. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of resective epilepsy surgery guided by magnetoencephalography (MEG) in children who would have otherwise been candidates for electrode implantation.

Methods
The authors reviewed the records of patients undergoing resective epilepsy surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children between 2001 and 2010. They identified cases in which resections were based on MEG data and no intracranial recordings were performed. Each patient's chart was reviewed for presentation, MRI findings, MEG findings, surgical procedure, pathology, and surgical outcome.

Results
Sixteen patients qualified for the study. All patients had localized spike clusters on MEG and most had abnormal findings on MRI. Resection was carried out in each case based on the MEG data linked to neuronavigation and supplemented with intraoperative neuromonitoring. Overall, 62.5% of patients were seizure free following surgery, and 20% of patients experienced an improvement in seizures without attaining seizure freedom. In 2 cases, additional surgery was performed subsequently with intracranial monitoring in attempts to obtain seizure control.

Conclusions
MEG is a viable alternative to invasive monitoring with intracranial electrodes for planning of resective surgery in carefully selected pediatric patients with localization-related epilepsy. Good candidates for this approach include patients who have a well-delineated, localized spike cluster on MEG that is concordant with findings of other preoperative evaluations and patients with prior brain pathologies that make the implantation of subdural and depth electrodes somewhat problematic.
Pediatric endoscopic third ventriculostomy: a population-based study
Authors: Lam Sandi , Harris Dominic , Rocque Brandon G. , Ham Sandra A. 
Published: September 2014

Object
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is an alternative to ventriculoperitoneal shunting for hydrocephalus treatment. Choice of treatment options raises questions about which patients are likely to benefit from ETV. The authors performed a population-based analysis using an administrative claims database, examining current practice and outcomes for pediatric patients in the US.

Methods
The authors queried the MarketScan (Truven Health Analytics) database for Current Procedural Terminology codes corresponding to ETV and ventriculoperitoneal shunting from 2003 to 2011; they included patients 19 years or younger and extracted data from initial and subsequent hospitalizations. Hydrocephalus etiology was classified with ICD-9-CM coding. ETV failure was defined as any subsequent ETV or shunt procedure.

Results
Five hundred one patients underwent ETV. Of these, 46% were female. The mean age was 8.7 ± 6.4 years (± SD). The mean follow-up was 1.9 ± 1.8 years. Etiology of hydrocephalus was primarily tumor (41.7%) and congenital/aqueductal stenosis (24.4%). ETV was successful in 354 patients (71%). The mean time to failure was 109.9 ± 233 days. Of the 147 patients with ETV failure, 35 (24%) underwent repeat ETV and 112 (76%) had shunt placement. Patients in age groups 0 to < 6 months and 6 months to < 1 year had a significantly higher rate of ETV failure than those 10–19 years (HR 2.9, p = 0.05; and HR 2.3, p = 0.001, respectively). History of prior shunt was associated with higher risk of failure (HR 2.5, p < 0.001). There were no significant associations between hydrocephalus etiology and risk of failure. A second wave of failures occurred at 2.5–3.5 years postoperative in tumor and congenital/aqueductal stenosis patients; this was not observed in other etiology groups.

Conclusions
This study represents a cross-section of nationwide ETV practice over 9 years. ETV success was more likely among children 1 year and older and those with no history of prior shunt.
À la limite du monde matériel : deux cas de reconnaissance légale à Taiwan
Authors: Chen Hsin-Hsing 
Published: September 2014

Cet article retrace en détail l’histoire des deux cas majeurs qui ont amené les instances de la santé et de la sécurité au travail ( isst ) de Taiwan à reconnaître les troubles mentaux comme une maladie du travail et le suicide lié au travail comme un risque professionnel. Grâce à l’examen de ces cas, cet article tente d’appliquer la perspective théorique assez peu utilisée de « culture visuelle » pour questionner l’infrastructure scientifique et politique plus large de la société. La référence à la « culture visuelle » comme concept politique est surtout utile pour comprendre certaines normes et pratiques apparemment étranges qui prévalent dans la tradition de droit civil du système judiciaire taiwanais. Il en résulte que les controverses sociales, légales ou scientifiques, se déroulent d’une manière différente à Taiwan et dans les pays qui appliquent la Common Law, là où ont été menées la plupart des études sociales antérieures concernant l’interface science/droit.
Suicides et Révoltes dans une usine mondialisée : le fonctionnement du despotisme fragmenté mondialisé chez Foxconn
Authors: Lin Thung-Hong , Tseng Wei-Ling , Lin Yi-Ling 
Published: September 2014

Nous décrivons dans cet article les caractéristiques spécifiques de la plus grande usine mondialisée – en termes de nombre d’employés – appartenant au groupe taiwanais Foxconn à Shenzen en Chine. Nous montrons que le fonctionnement de l’usine s’est articulé autour de trois éléments clés : (1) la globalisation interne ; (2) la fragmentation organisationnelle, le fractionnement vertical des business groups ( bg ) et la segmentation horizontale des employés appartenant à différentes nationalités ; (3) le despotisme sur le lieu de travail. Ces trois éléments nous conduisent à qualifier le fonctionnement de l’usine de « despotisme fragmenté mondialisé ». La structure organisationnelle de l’usine mondialisée est particulièrement utile pour expliquer les terribles conditions de travail en vigueur chez Foxconn et les suicides de travailleurs qui ont eu lieu en 2010.
Integration at the Border
Authors: Vries Karin de 
Published: September 2014

A recent development in the immigration policies of several European states is to make the admission of foreign nationals dependent upon criteria relating to their integration. As the practice of ‘integration testing abroad’ becomes more widespread, this book endeavours to clarify the legal implications which have hitherto remained poorly understood and studied.
The book begins by looking at the situation in the Netherlands, which was the first EU Member State to introduce pre-entry integration requirements. It explores the historical and political origins of the Dutch Act on Integration Abroad and explains how, in this national context, integration has become a criterion for the selection of immigrants. It then examines how integration requirements must be evaluated from the point of view of European and international law, including human rights treaties, EU migration directives and association agreements and the law on non-discrimination. The book identifies the legal standards set by these instruments with regard to integration testing abroad and draws conclusions as to the lawfulness of the Dutch approach.
The Hague Trusts Convention
Authors: Harris Jonathan 
Published: September 2014

Trusts cross borders. When they do,real difficulties may arise. Will the understanding of what a trust is be different in a foreign state? Will the rights, powers and duties of the trustee and settlor be the same? What rights will the beneficiary be able to assert? To what extent will the trust assets be safe from the claims of creditors, forced heirs, or third parties? Which legal system will be applied to the trust? Within what limits? What if the trust needs to be recognised in a state which does not have the institution of the trust in its domestic law?
The Hague Trusts Convention, enacted into English law by the Recognition of Trusts Act 1987, seeks to ameliorate the situation by providing harmonised choice of law rules for “trusts created voluntarily and evidenced in writing.” It also provides for the recognition of trusts in Contracting States. Those Contracting States should recognise the trust, even if they do not have the institution in their domestic law.
This book is the first published in England to devote itself to a detailed analysis of the Convention. It is aimed at academics and practitioners; at private international lawyers and at trust lawyers. Frequent reference is made to the position in civil law states (especially in the Contracting States of Italy and the Netherlands) and in other trust states, both offshore and onshore.
The Hague Trusts Convention deals with the operation of the trust itself. It does not deal with the preliminary steps needed to create a trust. These preliminary matters raise highly complex and uncharted choice of law issues. Detailed discussion of these matters is also provided, and appropriate solutions suggested.
Toward a Sexual Difference Theory of Creolization
Authors: Hantel Max 
Published: September 2014

In lieu of an abstract, here is the opening paragraph from the essay:Throughout his work, Édouard Glissant rigorously describes the process of creolization in the Caribbean and beyond. His later work in particular considers creolization through the planetary terms of Relation, “exploded like a network inscribed within the sufficient totality of the world.” As his philosophical importance rightfully grows, many note the dual risk of overgeneralization and abstraction haunting continued expansion of his geographical and theoretical domain. In light of that danger, this essay examines how questions of the ontological nature of embodiment as raised by feminist philosopher Luce Irigaray ground, both implicitly and explicitly, processes of creolization. Narrowly speaking, such a reading of Glissant suggests the possibility of a richer understanding of creolization as a historically lived process and its emancipatory promise in the present. More generally, the linking of Glissant and Irigaray begins a larger project bringing together theorists of decolonization and sexual difference at the intersection of struggles against phallocentrism and racialization, perhaps nuancing some decolonial critiques of the value of Irigaray’s (and her interlocutor’s) thought. Thus, the investigation begins with a concrete question of historical interpretation that stages the embodiment of cultural contact
When Are Circular Lesions Square? A National Clinical Education Skin Lesion Audit and Study
Authors: Miranda Benjamin H , Herman Katie A , Malahias Marco , Juma Ali 
Published: September 2014

Background Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer by organ type and referral accuracy is vital for diagnosis and management. The British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) and literature highlight the importance of accurate skin lesion examination, diagnosis and educationally-relevant studies.
Methods We undertook a review of the relevant literature, a national audit of skin lesion description standards and a study of speciality training influences on these descriptions. Questionnaires (n=200), with pictures of a circular and an oval lesion, were distributed to UK dermatology/plastic surgery consultants and speciality trainees (ST), general practitioners (GP), and medical students (MS). The following variables were analysed against a pre-defined 95% inclusion accuracy standard: site, shape, size, skin/colour, and presence of associated scars.
Results There were 250 lesion descriptions provided by 125 consultants, STs, GPs, and MSs. Inclusion accuracy was greatest for consultants over STs (80% vs. 68%; P<0.001), GPs (57%) and MSs (46%) (P<0.0001), for STs over GPs (P<0.010) and MSs (P<0.0001) and for GPs over MSs (P<0.010), all falling below audit standard. Size description accuracy sub-analysis according to circular/oval dimensions was as follows: consultants (94%), GPs (80%), STs (73%), MSs (37%), with the most common error implying a quadrilateral shape (66%). Addressing BAD guidelines and published requirements for more empirical performance data to improve teaching methods, we performed a national audit and studied skin lesion descriptions. To improve diagnostic and referral accuracy for patients, healthcare professionals must strive towards accuracy (a circle is not a square).
Conclusions We provide supportive evidence that increased speciality training improves this process and propose that greater focus is placed on such training early on during medical training, and maintained throughout clinical practice.