bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat sources for glacial ice melt in a west Greenland tidewater outlet glacier fjord: The role of subglacial freshwater discharge
Authors: Bendtsen Jørgen , Mortensen John , Lennert Kunuk , Rysgaard Søren 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe melting of tidewater outlet glaciers from the Greenland Ice Sheet contributes significantly to global sea level rise. Accelerated mass loss is related to melt processes in front of calving glaciers, yet the role of ocean heat transports is poorly understood. Here we present the first direct measurements from a subglacial plume in front of a calving tidewater outlet glacier. Surface salinity in the plume corresponded to a meltwater content of 7%, which is indicative of significant entrainment of warm bottom water and, according to plume model calculations, significant ice melt. Energy balance of the area near the glacier showed that ice melt was mainly due to ocean heat transport and that direct plume‐associated melt was only important in periods with high meltwater discharge rates of ~100 m3 s−1. Ocean mixing outside of the plume area was thus the primary heat source for melting glacier ice.
Revised interpretation of recent InSAR signals observed at Llaima volcano (Chile)
Authors: Remy D. , Chen Y. , Froger J. L. , Bonvalot S. , Cordoba L. , Fustos J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe analyzed C band and L band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data acquired from 2003 to 2011 to search for volcanic deformations at Llaima volcano, Southern Andes (38.69°S, 71.73°W). There, specific environmental conditions (steep slopes, snow‐ or ice‐capped summit, dense vegetation cover, and strong tropospheric artifacts) and limited amount of radar data available make it challenging to accurately measure ground surface displacement with InSAR. To overcome these difficulties, we first performed a careful analysis of the water vapor variations using Medium‐Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer near‐infrared water vapor products and then we inverted wrapped interferograms for both topographic correlated phase delays and a simple model source strength. In the light of our results, we conclude that there is no detectable ground displacement related to a deep magmatic source for the 2003–2011 period and that most of the fringes observed in the interferograms were produced by tropospheric delays.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of β‐D‐Glucosides using Cellobiose Phosphorylase from Clostridium thermocellum
Authors: De Winter Karel , Van Renterghem Lisa , Wuyts Kathleen , Pelantová Helena , Křen Vladimír , Soetaert Wim , Desmet Tom 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOver the past decade, disaccharide phosphorylases have been successfully applied for the synthesis of numerous α‐glucosides. In contrast, much less research has been done with respect to the production of β‐glucosides. Although cellobiose phosphorylase was already successfully used for the synthesis of various disaccharides and branched trisaccharides, its glycosylation potential towards small organic compounds has not been explored to date. Unfortunately, disaccharide phosphorylases typically have a very low affinity for non‐carbohydrate acceptors, which urges the addition of solvents. The ionic liquid AMMOENGTM 101 and ethyl acetate were identified as the most promising solvents, allowing the synthesis of various β‐glucosides. Next to hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl and undecyl β‐D‐glucopyranosides, also the formation of vanillyl 4‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, 2‐phenylethyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside, β‐citronellyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside and 1‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl hydroquinone was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Moreover, the stability of cellobiose phosphorylase could be drastically improved by creating cross‐linked enzyme aggregates, while the efficiency of the biocatalyst for the synthesis of octyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside was doubled by imprinting with octanol. The usefulness of the latter system was illustrated by performing three consecutive batch conversions with octanol imprinted cross‐linked enzyme aggregates, yielding roughly 2 g of octyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside.magnified image
Oxazolidinone Synthesis through Halohydrin Dehalogenase‐ Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Mikleušević Ana , Hameršak Zdenko , Salopek‐Sondi Branka , Tang Lixia , Janssen Dick B. , Majerić Elenkov Maja 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn efficient dynamic kinetic resolution protocol using a single enzyme is described. Both the kinetic resolution and substrate racemization are catalyzed by halohydrin dehalogenase from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 (HheC). The HheC‐catalyzed reaction of epibromohydrin and 2‐bromomethyl‐2‐methyloxirane with sodium cyanate afforded 5‐substituted 2‐oxazolidinones in high yields (97% and 87%) and high optical purity (89% and >99% ee) in the presence of catalytic amounts of bromide ion. These compounds are valuable building blocks with diverse synthetic applications.magnified image
Von Carbanionen zu metallorganischen Verbindungen: Quantifizierung des Metallionen‐Effekts auf die nucleophile Reaktivität
Authors: Corral‐Bautista Francisco , Klier Lydia , Knochel Paul , Mayr Herbert 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDer Einfluss des Metalls auf die nucleophile Reaktivität von Indenylmetall‐Verbindungen wurde durch kinetische Untersuchungen ihrer Reaktionen mit Benzhydrylium‐Ionen (Ar2CH+) und strukturell verwandten Chinonmethiden quantifiziert. Aus der Korrelationsgleichung lg k2=sN(N+E) wurde ermittelt, dass die ionischen Indenylalkalimetall‐Verbindungen 1018–1024‐mal reaktiver sind (abhängig vom Referenzelektrophil) als das entsprechende Indenyltrimethylsilan.
Formation of a Syndiotactic Organic Polymer Inside a MOF by a [2+2] Photo‐Polymerization Reaction
Authors: Park In‐Hyeok , Medishetty Raghavender , Lee Hyeong‐Hwan , Mulijanto Caroline Evania , Quah Hong Sheng , Lee Shim Sung , Vittal Jagadese J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGetting suitable crystals for single‐crystal X‐ray crystallographic analysis still remains an art. Obtaining single crystals of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) containing organic polymers poses even greater challenges. Here we demonstrate the formation of a syndiotactic organic polymer ligand inside a MOF by quantitative [2+2] photopolymerization reaction in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal manner. The spacer ligands with trans,trans,trans‐conformation in the pillared‐layer MOF with guest water molecules in the channels, undergo pedal motion to trans,cis,trans‐conformation prior to [2+2] photo‐cycloaddition reaction and yield single crystals of MOF containing two‐dimensional coordination polymers fused with the organic polymer ligands. We also show that the organic polymer in the single crystals can be depolymerized reversibly by cleaving the cyclobutane rings upon heating. These MOFs also show interesting photoluminescent properties and sensing of small organic molecules.
A Molecular Nanotube with Three‐Dimensional π‐Conjugation
Authors: Neuhaus Patrik , Cnossen Arjen , Gong Juliane Q. , Herz Laura M. , Anderson Harry L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA π‐conjugated twelve‐porphyrin tube is synthesized in 32 % yield by a template‐directed coupling reaction that joins together six porphyrin dimers, forming twelve new CC bonds. The nanotube has two bound templates, enclosing an internal volume of approximately 4.5 nm3. Its UV/Vis/NIR absorption and fluorescence spectra resemble those of a previously reported six‐porphyrin ring, but are red‐shifted by approximately 300 cm−1, reflecting increased conjugation. Ultrafast fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrates extensive excited‐state delocalization. Transfer of electronic excitation from an initially formed state polarized in the direction of the nanotube axis (z axis) to an excited state polarized in the xy plane occurs within 200 fs, resulting in a negative fluorescence anisotropy on excitation at 742 nm.
A framework for selecting indicators of bioenergy sustainability
Authors: Dale Virginia H. , Efroymson Rebecca A. , Kline Keith L. , Davitt Marcia S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA framework for selecting and evaluating indicators of bioenergy sustainability is presented. This framework is designed to facilitate decision‐making about which indicators are useful for assessing sustainability of bioenergy systems and supporting their deployment. Efforts to develop sustainability indicators in the United States and Europe are reviewed. The first steps of the framework for indicator selection are defining the sustainability goals and other goals for a bioenergy project or program, gaining an understanding of the context, and identifying the values of stakeholders. From the goals, context, and stakeholders, the objectives for analysis and criteria for indicator selection can be developed. The user of the framework identifies and ranks indicators, applies them in an assessment, and then evaluates their effectiveness, while identifying gaps that prevent goals from being met, assessing lessons learned, and moving toward best practices. The framework approach emphasizes that the selection of appropriate criteria and indicators is driven by the specific purpose of an analysis. Realistic goals and measures of bioenergy sustainability can be developed systematically with the help of the framework presented here. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Deoxycholate‐Based Glycosides (DCGs) for Membrane Protein Stabilisation
Authors: Bae Hyoung Eun , Gotfryd Kamil , Thomas Jennifer , Hussain Hazrat , Ehsan Muhammad , Go Juyeon , Loland Claus J. , Byrne Bernadette , Chae Pil Seok 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDetergents are an absolute requirement for studying the structure of membrane proteins. However, many conventional detergents fail to stabilise denaturation‐sensitive membrane proteins, such as eukaryotic proteins and membrane protein complexes. New amphipathic agents with enhanced efficacy in stabilising membrane proteins will be helpful in overcoming the barriers to studying membrane protein structures. We have prepared a number of deoxycholate‐based amphiphiles with carbohydrate head groups, designated deoxycholate‐based glycosides (DCGs). These DCGs are the hydrophilic variants of previously reported deoxycholate‐based N‐oxides (DCAOs). Membrane proteins in these agents, particularly the branched diglucoside‐bearing amphiphiles DCG‐1 and DCG‐2, displayed favourable behaviour compared to previously reported parent compounds (DCAOs) and conventional detergents (LDAO and DDM). Given their excellent properties, these agents should have significant potential for membrane protein studies.
Effect of Gas Density on Gas Holdup in Bubble Columns
Authors: Hecht Kristin , Bey Oliver , Ettmüller Jürgen , Graefen Patrick , Friehmelt Rainer , Nilles Michael 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGas density affects the gas holdup in bubble columns. Even at atmospheric pressure, different gases produce varying gas holdups. This contribution explores the causes for variations in gas holdups occurring for different gases. Differences in the bubble size distribution resulting from varying rates of bubble breakup and coalescence as well as dissimilar bubble rise velocities are the most likely causes of differences. Correlations that include a term for gas density are able to qualitatively predict the effect of changing gas density, but no correlation can consistently predict the gas holdup for multiple systems.
Efficiency of EGFR mutation analysis for small microdissected cytological specimens using multitech DNA extraction solution
Authors: Oh Seo Young , Lee Hoon Taek 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDThe microdissection method has greatly facilitated the isolation of pure cell populations for accurate analysis of mutations. However, the absence of coverslips in these preparations leads to poor resolution of cellular morphological features. In the current study, the authors developed the MultiTech DNA extraction solution to improve the visualization of cell morphology for microdissection and tested it for the preservation of morphological properties of cells, quality of DNA, and ability to detect mutations.METHODSA total of 121 cytological samples, including fine‐needle aspirates, sputum, pleural fluid, and bronchial washings, were selected from hospital archives. DNA extracted from microdissected cells was evaluated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation analysis using pyrosequencing, Sanger sequencing, and peptide nucleic acid (PNA)‐mediated real‐time polymerase chain reaction clamping. Morphological features of cells as well as DNA quality and quantity were analyzed in several cytological samples to assess the performance of the MultiTech DNA extraction solution. The results were compared with previous EGFR mutation tests.RESULTSThe MultiTech DNA extraction solution improved the morphology of archived stained cells before microdissection and provided a higher DNA yield than the commercial QIAamp DNA Mini Kit in samples containing a minimal number of cells (25‐50 cells). The authors were able to detect identical EGFR mutations by using different analysis platforms and consistently identified these mutations in samples comprising as few as 25 microdissected cells.CONCLUSIONSThe MultiTech DNA extraction solution is a reliable medium that improves the resolution of cell morphology during microdissection. It was particularly useful in EGFR mutations of samples containing a small number of cells. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:401‐12. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Tolerability, safety, and pharmacokinetics of the novel cathepsin A inhibitor SAR164653 in healthy subjects
Authors: Tillner Joachim , Lehmann Anne , Paehler Tobias , Lukacs Zoltan , Ruf Sven , Sadowski Thorsten , Pinquier Jean‐Louis , Ruetten Hartmut 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCathepsin A (CathA) is a lysosomal protein where it forms a stable complex with neuraminidase and ß‐galactosidase. CathA also has enzymatic activity and is involved in the degradation of many peptides. CathA was recently discovered as a target for heart failure, fostering the development of CathA inhibitors with SAR164653 as a frontrunner. The first‐in‐man study investigated single oral doses from 20 to 800 mg of SAR164653 followed by repeat dose studies at doses up to 800 mg in healthy young and elderly subjects. SAR164653 was safe and well tolerated at doses up to 800 mg in healthy subjects, and a maximum tolerated dose could not be determined from the study. Activity of ß‐galactosidase measured in leukocytes did not show any abnormalities. The tmax was 1.0 to 2.5 hours, and the t1/2 was ∼5–11 after single dosing; exposure increased less than dose proportional. Following multiple dosing, accumulation was not observed, Cmax and AUC0–24 increased in a dose‐proportional manner, and t1/2 was around 14–20 hours. The novel CathA inhibitor SAR164653 was found to have a favorable safety profile in these early phase 1 studies, but further studies are required to confirm if SAR164653 is equally safe in patients undergoing long‐term treatment.
Single‐ and multiple‐dose pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib in healthy Chinese volunteers
Authors: Krishnaswami Sriram , Wang Tao , Yuan Yi , Alvey Christine W. , Checchio Tina , Peterson Mark , Shi Haihong , Riese Richard 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor. The objective of this phase 1, open‐label study was to characterize the single‐ and multiple‐dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of tofacitinib in 12 healthy, adult Chinese volunteers. Eligible subjects received oral tofacitinib 10 mg once daily on days 1 and 6 and twice daily on days 2–5. Blood samples were collected on day 1 predose and over 24 hours postdose (day 2 predose), predose on days 3–6, and over 12 hours postdose on day 6. PK parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis. Mean concentration–time profiles for days 1 and 6 were similar, with median time to peak concentration of 0.5 hours on both days. Plasma concentrations declined rapidly following attainment of peak concentrations, with a mean terminal half‐life of 3.3 hours on day 1 (single dose) and 2.5 hours on day 6 (multiple dose). No accumulation in plasma occurred with twice‐daily administration: accumulation ratio of 1.04. The rapid absorption, elimination, and systemic exposures (peak and area under the concentration–time curve) observed in healthy Chinese volunteers in this study are similar to those previously reported in white subjects.
From Graphene to Carbon Nanotubes: Variation of the Electronic States and Nonlinear Optical Responses
Authors: Hu Yang‐Yang , Gu Jia , Li Wei‐Qi , Yang Li , Feng Ji‐Kang , Tian Wei Quan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFrom the same piece of graphene sheet, (3, 3) and (6, 0) carbon nanotube clips were obtained on the basis of the different manners of rolling. The nature of the electronic state varies differently with different manners of rolling and is significantly affected by zigzag edges. The intermediate structures formed during the rolling process were functionalized with fluorine and oxygen atoms to investigate the electronic states and nonlinear optical (NLO) responses. Passivation of the intermediate structures with fluorine neither changes the nature of electronic states and nor improves the NLO responses. In constrast, passivation with oxygen enhances the NLO properties and changes the electronic states of the structures upon passivating at the open zigzag edges.
The changes in miR‐130b levels in human serum and the correlation with the severity of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Lv Chuan , Zhou Yue‐hong , Wu Can , Shao Ying , Lu Can‐lu , Wang Qiu‐yue 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundCirculating microRNA 130b has been closely associated with multiple diseases in humans such as cancer, obesity and diabetes mellitus. This study evaluates the correlation between serum miR‐130b and the severity of diabetic nephropathy evaluated by measurement of albuminuria.MethodsThree hundred twenty‐seven patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were divided into three groups: normoalbuminuria group [diabetes mellitus, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) < 30 mg/g, n = 137], microalbuminuria group (DN1, UACR 30–300 mg/g, n = 122) and macroalbuminuria group (DN2, UACR > 300 mg/g, n = 68). The levels of serum miR‐130b were validated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Serum transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) and fibronectin were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsCompared with control, serum miR‐130b levels were significantly decreased in T2DM patients and further decreased in the patients of diabetes mellitus, DN1 and DN2 groups (p < 0.001). Furthermore, age‐adjusted and sex‐adjusted regression analyses showed that decreased level of serum miR‐130b, increased levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), TGF‐β1, HIF‐1α and fibronectin were significantly correlated with UACR (p < 0.05). In addition, serum miR‐130b levels were inversely correlated with HbA1c, HOMA‐IR, TG, LDL, BUN, TGF‐β1, HIF‐1α and FN (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur findings suggest that serum miR‐130b may be a new biomarker for the early diagnosis of DN in T2DM. Circulating miR‐130b may possibly be involved in the pathological mechanism of DN, such as lipid metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, extracellular matrix deposition and renal fibrosis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional cell ablation via diphtheria toxin reveals distinct requirements for the basal plate in the regional identity of diencephalic subpopulations
Authors: Lee Bumwhee , Tri Lam Duc , Baek Kwanghee , Yoon Jaeseung , Jeong Yongsu 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe mammalian diencephalon is the caudal derivative of the embryonic forebrain. Early events in diencephalic regionalization include its subdivision along the dorsoventral and anteroposterior axes. The prosomeric model by Puelles and Rubenstein (1993) suggests that the alar plate of the posterior diencephalon is partitioned into three different prosomeres (designated p1–p3), which develop into the pretectum, thalamus, and prethalamus, respectively. Here, we report the developmental consequences of genetic ablation of cell populations from the diencephalic basal plate. The strategy for conditionally regulated cell ablation is based on the targeted expression of the diphtheria toxin gene (DTA) to the diencephalic basal plate via tamoxifen‐ induced, Cre‐mediated recombination of the ROSADTA allele. We show that activation of DTA leads to specific cell loss in the basal plate of the posterior diencephalon, and disrupted early regionalization of distinct alar territories. In the basal plate‐deficient embryos, the p1 alar plate exhibited reduced expression of subtype‐specific markers in the pretectum, whereas p2 alar plate failed to further subdivide into two discrete thalamic subpopulations. We also show that these defects lead to abnormal nuclear organization at later developmental stages. Our data have implications for increased understanding of the interactive roles between discrete diencephalic compartments. genesis 53:356–365, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asymmetric Enynylation of N‐Sulfonyl Aldimines Catalyzed by Zn‐BINOL Complexes
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Yan , Liu Tian‐Lin , Zheng Yan , Li Shen , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn efficient enynylation of N‐sulfonyl aldimines is described herein. In the presence of Zn‐BINOL complexes, catalytic enantioselective addition reactions of terminal 3‐en‐1‐ynes to N‐sulfonyl aldimines proceed smoothly to produce enynylated carbinamines in up to 96 % yield and 95 % ee. The adducts are versatile synthetic intermediates that readily undergo Pauson–Khand cycloaddition reactions to give polycyclic products that are otherwise difficult to access.
Dually Electroactive Disulfide‐Confined Aryldiazonium Salt Used as a Linker Molecule for Preparing Immunosensor Platforms
Authors: Mohibul Islam Khan Md. , Poduval Mithrabinda K. , Kim Tae‐Hyun , Kim Kyuwon 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new electroactive disulfide‐confined aryl diazonium (DSAD) salt was synthesized and used as a linker for biomolecules immobilization to prepare two kinds of immunoassay platforms. DSAD was electrodeposited on ITO electrode surfaces by cyclic voltammetry. Disulfide group of DSAD attached on the surfaces were electrochemically oxidized into thiosulfinate or thiosulfonate groups. For the first work, a detection of rabbit antigen was performed on ITO microelectrodes array by spatially‐selective approach. In the second work, DSAD was deposited on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide‐modified ITO surfaces, which were used as a platform for electrochemical sandwich immunoassay for detecting mouse antigen.