bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A feedback technique for unsatisfiable UML/OCL class diagrams
Authors: Shaikh Asadullah , Wiil Uffe Kock 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn Model‐Driven Development (MDD), detection of model defects is necessary for correct model transformations. Formal verification tools and techniques can to some extent verify models. However, scalability is a serious issue in relation to verification of complex UML/OCL class diagrams. We have proposed a model slicing technique that slices the original model into submodels to address the scalability issue. A submodel can be detected as unsatisfiable if there are no valid values for one or more attributes of an object in the diagram or if the submodel provides inconsistent conditions on the number of objects of a given type. In this paper, we propose a novel feedback technique through model slicing that detects unsatisfiable submodels and their integrity constraints among the complex hierarchy of an entire UML/OCL class diagram. The software developers can therefore focus their revision efforts on the incorrect submodels while ignoring the rest of the model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of introduction of mid‐trimester scan on pregnancy outcome of open spina bifida in The Netherlands
Authors: Fleurke‐Rozema J. H. , Vogel T. A. , Voskamp B. J. , Pajkrt E. , van den Berg P. P. , Beekhuis J. R. , Bilardo C. M. , Brouwer O. F. , de Walle H. E. K. , Snijders R. J. M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the impact of introduction of the mid‐trimester scan on pregnancy outcome in cases of open spina bifida in two regions of The Netherlands.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 190 cases of open spina bifida diagnosed pre‐ or postnatally, with an estimated date of delivery between 2003 and 2011.ResultsWith implementation of the mid‐trimester scan the percentage of cases of open spina bifida detected before the 24th week of pregnancy increased from 43% to 88%. The rise in prenatal detection rate was associated with a significant increase in the number of terminated pregnancies and a decrease in the rate of perinatal loss; the percentage of children born alive did not change significantly. In the subgroup that underwent a scan between 18 and 24 weeks of pregnancy, cranial signs were present in 94.4% of cases.ConclusionIntroduction of the mid‐trimester scan has led to an increase in early identification of pregnancies complicated by open spina bifida. Pregnancies previously destined to end in perinatal loss are now terminated whilst pregnancies with a relatively good prognosis are frequently continued; the number of children with open spina bifida who are born alive has not changed significantly. Our study confirms that prenatal diagnosis is usually triggered by visualization of a lemon‐shaped skull or a banana‐shaped cerebellum. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Outcome of first‐trimester fetal abdominal cysts: cohort study and review of the literature
Authors: Khalil A. , Cooke P. C. , Mantovani E. , Bhide A. , Papageorghiou A. T. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aims of this study were to ascertain the outcome of fetuses with an abdominal cyst detected at 11–14 weeks' gestation in our unit and to undertake a review of cases reported in the literature.MethodsThis was a retrospective study that included all fetuses found to have an abdominal cyst on ultrasound examination at 11–14 weeks, identified over a 14‐year period. Pregnancy management and outcome were ascertained from maternal and neonatal records. We also performed a review of the literature using a systematic search strategy, to identify the outcome of similar cases and propose a management algorithm.ResultsFourteen cases were identified during the study period, of which four had associated abnormalities. Of the 10 isolated cases, the cyst had resolved at follow‐up scan in eight (80.0%), one fetus died in utero at 15 weeks' gestation and the other case underwent surgery for a choledochal cyst 9 weeks after birth. An additional 19 cases were reported in the literature. In eight fetuses there were associated structural abnormalities, of which four had a diagnosis of anorectal malformation after birth. In two of these four, the cyst resolved in the second trimester. Of those cases with an isolated cyst (n = 11), the cyst resolved in seven (63.6%). The remainder were variably diagnosed as hepatic cyst, ileal duplication or choledochal cyst.ConclusionFetal abdominal cysts at 11–14 weeks' gestation are rare. They constitute an isolated finding in the majority of cases and are usually associated with a good perinatal outcome. In view of the reported association with anorectal and other gastrointestinal malformations, perinatal assessment is recommended, even if the cyst resolves during pregnancy. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Gross primary productivity of phytoplankton and planktonic respiration in inland floodplain wetlands of southeast Australia: habitat‐dependent patterns and regulating processes
Authors: Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Ralph Timothy J. , Ryder Darren S. , Hunter Simon J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGross primary productivity (GPP) of phytoplankton and planktonic respiration (PR) (i.e., planktonic metabolism) are critical pathways for carbon transformation in many aquatic ecosystems. In inland floodplain wetlands with variable inundation regimes, quantitative measurements of GPP and PR are rare and their relationships with wetland environmental conditions are largely unknown. We measured PR and the GPP of phytoplankton using light and dark biological oxygen demand bottles in open waters of channel and non‐channel floodplain habitats of inland floodplain wetlands of southeast Australia that had been inundated by environmental water. Overall, GPP varied from 3.7 to 405.5 mg C m−3 h−1 (mean ± standard error: 89.4 ± 9.2 mg C m−3 h−1, n = 81), PR from 1.5 to 251.6 mg C m−3 h−1 (43.2 ± 5.6 mg C m−3 h−1, n = 81), and GPP/PR from 0.2 to 15.6 (3.0 ± 0.3, n = 81). In terms of wetland environmental conditions, total nitrogen (TN) ranged from 682.0 to 14,700.0 mg m−3 (mean ± standard error: 2,643.0 ± 241.6 mg m−3, n = 81), total phosphorus (TP) from 48.0 to 1,405.0 mg m−3 (316.8 ± 31.4 mg m−3, n = 81), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from 1.9 to 46.3 g m−3 (22.0 ± 1.6 g m−3, n = 81). Using ordinary least‐squares multiple regression analyses, the rates of GPP and PR, and their ratio (GPP/PR) were modeled as a function of TN, TP, and DOC that had been measured concomitantly. The “best” models predicted GPP and GPP/PR ratio in channel habitats as a function of DOC; and GPP, PR, and GPP/PR in non‐channel floodplain habitats as a function of TN and/or TP. The models explained between 46 and 74 % of the variance in channel habitats and between 17 and 87 % of the variance in non‐channel floodplain habitats. Net autotrophy (mean GPP/PR 3.0) of planktonic metabolism in our work supports the prevailing view that wetlands are a net sink for carbon dioxide. We propose a nutrient‐DOC framework, combined with hydrological and geomorphological delineations, to better predict and understand the planktonic metabolism in inland floodplain wetlands.
Differential Regulation of ABCA1 and Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux by Elaidic and Oleic Acids
Authors: Shao Fei , Ford David A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTrans fatty acid consumption is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. This increased risk has been attributed to decreased levels of HDL cholesterol and increased levels of LDL cholesterol. However, the mechanism by which trans fatty acid modulates cholesterol transit remains poorly defined. ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)‐mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux is the rate‐limiting step initiating apolipoprotein A‐I lipidation. In this study, elaidic acid, the most abundant trans fatty acid in partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, was shown to stabilize macrophage ABCA1 protein levels in comparison to that of its cis fatty acid isomer, oleic acid. The mechanism responsible for the disparate effects of oleic and elaidic acid on ABCA1 levels was through accelerated ABCA1 protein degradation in cells treated with oleic acid. In contrast, no apparent differences were observed in ABCA1 mRNA levels, and only minor changes were observed in Liver X receptor/Retinoic X receptor promoter activity in cells treated with elaidic and oleic acid. Efflux of both tracers and cholesterol mass revealed that elaidic acid slightly increased ABCA1‐mediated cholesterol efflux, while oleic acid led to decreased ABCA1‐mediated efflux. In conclusion, these studies show that cis and trans structural differences in 18 carbon n‐9 monoenoic fatty acids variably impact cholesterol efflux through disparate effects on ABCA1 protein degradation.
Surface modification of cobalt oxide nanoparticles using phosphonomethyl iminodiacetic acid followed by folic acid: a biocompatible vehicle for targeted anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sourav , Dash Sandeep Kumar , Ghosh Totan , Das Debasis , Pramanik Panchanan , Roy Somenath 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The aim of our study was to prepare multifunctional, biocompatible nanoparticles for site-specific drug delivery. Hydrophilic nanoparticles with surface-adorned amine, carboxyl, or aldehyde groups, to be later used for bio-conjugation, were designed using phosphonomethyl iminodiacetic acid (PMIDA) as the coupling agent. These PMIDA-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles (PMIDA-CoO) were further functionalized with folic acid (FA), using simple technique. The particles show excellent aqueous dispersion stability in physiological pH without any deterioration in hydrodynamic size. The cytotoxicity and internalization efficiency of these nanocarriers have been evaluated on folate receptor over expressed KB and folate receptor lower expressed KG1a cells. Anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin and methotrexate were successfully attached to the folic acid-decoded PMIDA-CoO nanoparticles by simple reactions. Anticancer drug-loaded nanoparticles (FA-PMIDA-CoO) exhibit elevated cytotoxicity and induce apoptosis in cancer cells, which were confirmed by flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscopy study shows the higher amount of internalization of the noncomplex by KB cells, which clearly demonstrated that cells overexpressing the human folate receptor internalized a higher level of these nanoparticles–folate conjugates than folate receptor-negative control cells.
A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies on maternal emergency transport in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Wilson Amie , Hillman Sarah , Rosato Mikey , Skelton John , Costello Anthony , Hussein Julia , MacArthur Christine , Coomarasamy Arri 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundMost maternal deaths are preventable with emergency obstetric care; therefore, ensuring access is essential. There is little focused information on emergency transport of pregnant women.ObjectivesThe literature on emergency transport of pregnant women in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) was systematically reviewed and synthesized to explore current practices, barriers, and facilitators for transport utilization.Search strategyMEDLINE, EMBASE, BNI, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, African Index Medicus, ASSIA, QUALIDATA, RHL, and Science Citation Index (inception to April 2012) were searched without language restriction.Selection criteria: Studies using qualitative methodology and reporting on emergency transportation in LMICs were included.Data collection and analysisThematic framework and synthesis through examination and translation of common elements were used to analyze and synthesize the data.Main resultsTwenty‐nine articles were included. Eight major themes were identified: time for transport; transport options; geography; local support; autonomy; culture; finance; and ergonomics. Key issues were transport availability; transport speed; terrain; meteorology; support; dependence for decision making; cultural issues; cost; and lack of safe, comfortable positioning during transport.ConclusionThemes should be appreciated within local contexts to illuminate barriers and facilitators. Potential solutions include motorcycle ambulance programs, collaboration with taxi services, community education, subsidies, and vehicle maintenance.
A dual‐system framework to understand preference construction processes in choice
Authors: Dhar Ravi , Gorlin Margarita 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBuilding on the dual‐system theory of judgment, we propose an intuitive and deliberate framework for understanding the effects of preference construction in choice. We argue that while certain choice effects can be attributed primarily to rapid, unintentional, and intuitive processing, others arise from intentional and deliberate processing. We use this distinction to group choice effects previously identified in the literature, discuss evidence in support of the dual‐system framework of preference construction, and propose new research directions. Since the defining property of intuitive versus deliberate mental processes is the degree to which they engage working memory, the proposed framework sheds light on how these previously identified effects will change with conditions such as the availability of cognitive resources. We conclude by calling for additional research to explore the interplay between intuitive and deliberate processing to determine which processes are implicated in generating a preference, as well as research on new moderators of choice effects based on the difference in the amount of willful information processing that underlies decision making.
Is problem‐based learning an ideal format for developing ethical decision skills?
Authors: Harasym Peter H. , Tsai Tsuen‐Chiuan , Munshi Fadi M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEthical decision making is a complex process, which involves the interaction of knowledge, skills, and attitude. To enhance the teaching and learning on ethics reasoning, multiple teaching strategies have to be applied. A medical ethical reasoning (MER) model served as a framework of the development of ethics reasoning and their suggested instructional strategies. Problem‐based learning (PBL), being used to facilitate students' critical thinking, self‐directed learning, collaboration, and communication skills, has been considered effective on ethics education, especially when incorporated with experiential experience. Unlike lecturing that mainly disseminates knowledge and activates the left brain, PBL encourages “whole‐brain” learning. However, PBL has several disadvantages, such as its inefficiency, lack of adequately trained preceptors, and the in‐depth, silo learning within a relatively small number of cases. Because each school tends to utilize PBL in different ways, either the curriculum designer or the learning strategy, it is important to maximize the advantages of a PBL session, PBL then becomes an ideal format for refining students' ethical decisions and behaviors.
Non-classical gas dynamics of vapour mixtures
Authors: Guardone Alberto , Colonna Piero , Casati Emiliano , Rinaldi Enrico 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe non-classical gas dynamics of binary mixtures of organic fluids in the vapour phase is investigated for the first time. A predictive thermodynamic model is used to compute the relevant mixture properties, including its critical point coordinates and the local value of the fundamental derivative of gas dynamics $\Gamma $. The considered model is the improved Peng–Robinson Stryjek–Vera cubic equation of state, complemented by the Wong–Sandler mixing rules. A finite thermodynamic region is found where the nonlinearity parameter $\Gamma $ is negative and therefore non-classical gas dynamics phenomena are admissible. A non-monotone dependence of $\Gamma $ on the mixture composition is observed in the case of binary mixtures of siloxane and perfluorocarbon fluids, with the minimum value of $\Gamma $ in the mixture being always larger than that of its more complex component. The observed dependence indicates that non-ideal mixing has a strong influence on the gas dynamics behaviour, either classical or non-classical, of the mixture. Numerical experiments of the supersonic expansion of a mixture flow around a sharp corner show the transition from the classical configuration, exhibiting an isentropic rarefaction fan centred at the expansion corner, to non-classical ones, including mixed expansion waves and rarefaction shock waves, if the mixture composition is changed.
Boundary-layer noise induced by arrays of roughness elements
Authors: Yang Qin , Wang Meng 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSound induced by arrays of $10\times 4$ roughness elements in low-Mach-number turbulent boundary layers at ${\mathit{Re}}_{\theta } = 3065$ is studied with Lighthill’s theory and large-eddy simulation. Three roughness fetches consisting of hemispheres, cuboids and short cylinders are considered. The roughness elements of different shapes have the same height of $0. 124\delta $, the same element-to-element spacing of $0. 727\delta $ and the same flow blockage area. The acoustically compact roughness elements and their images in the wall radiate sound primarily as acoustic dipoles in the plane of wall. The dipole strength, orientation and spatial distribution show strong dependence on the roughness shape. Correlations between dipole sources associated with neighbouring elements are found to be small for these sparsely distributed roughness arrays. Correlations and coherence between roughness dipoles and surface pressure fluctuations are analysed, which reveals the importance of the impingement of upstream turbulence and surrounding vortical structures to dipole sound radiation, especially in the streamwise direction. For roughness shapes with sharp frontal edges, the edge-induced unsteady separation and reattachment also play important roles in sound generation. Large-scale turbulent structures in the boundary layer have a relatively low influence on roughness dipoles, except for the first row of elements.
Pathological Gamblers and a Non-Psychiatric Control Group Taking Gender Differences into Account
Authors: Echeburúa Enrique , González-Ortega Itxaso , de Corral Paz , Polo-López Rocío 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe current study aimed to identify personality traits, emotional states and adjustment variables in a sample of pathological gamblers as compared to a non-gambling control group taking gender differences into account. The sample for this study consisted of 206 subjects (103 pathological gamblers and 103 non-psychiatric subjects from the general population matched for age and gender). Pathological gamblers had a lower educational level and a family history of alcohol abuse higher than non-gamblers. In turn, female gamblers were affected by unemployment and a lower socioeconomic status more often than female non-gamblers. Pathological gamblers were more anxious and impulsive and suffered from a poorer self-esteem than non-gamblers. Likewise, pathological gamblers had a greater history of other Axis I psychiatric disorders and were more often affected by anxiety and depression symptoms and showed a more problematic adjustment to everyday life than non-gamblers. Alcohol abuse was not higher in pathological gamblers than in non-gamblers, but, when gender was taken into account, male gamblers were more affected by alcohol abuse than male non-gamblers. Importantly 68.6% of female gamblers versus 9.8% of control group women reported being victims of intimate partner violence. These findings can be used to specifically inform prevention and intervention efforts.
Quality of Life in Disability: Validation of Schalock’s Multi-Dimensional Model in the Portuguese Context
Authors: Loja Ema , Costa Maria Emília , Menezes Isabel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper aims to evaluate the validation of Schalock’s quality of life multi-dimensional model (1996) in the Portuguese context. We also analyze the quality of life of disabled people by adding a political dimension (adapted from the Minorities’ Rights Support Scale by Nata & Menezes, 2007) to this construct and seeking to understand the impact of discrimination. The sample is composed of 217 participants, most of whom have a physical disability, aged 16 to 81. Validation procedures of the Quality of Life Questionnaire (Schalock & Keith, 1993) and descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were conducted. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed good local and global fit indices, and the internal consistency of the scales was satisfactory. An adapted version of the instrument composed of five scales—satisfaction, competence, empowerment, equality of rights and positive discrimination—is proposed. The results reveal the importance of rights and empowerment for the quality of life of disabled people and indicate a strong critical consciousness concerning the experience of discrimination in different contexts. Taken together, the findings indicate the strong need for social and political changes in this domain.
Psychometric Properties of a Test for ADHD Based on Binocular Rivalry
Authors: Amador-Campos Juan Antonio , Aznar-Casanova J. Antonio , Moreno-Sánchez Manuel , Medina-Peña Antonio , Ortiz-Guerra Juan Jairo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe psychometric properties of a Binocular Rivalry (BR)-based test on a group of 159 participants (57 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD) aged between 6 and 15 years are presented. Two factors, which explained 56.82% of the variance, were obtained by exploratory factor analysis: (a) Alternations and Duration of exclusive dominances, and (b) Decision time. Reliability was excellent (Cronbach’s α = .834 and .884). The ADHD group showed fewer alternations and longer duration of dominances and decision time than the control group. Correlations between measures of BR, IQ, working memory, and processing speed of the WISC-IV, and ADHD symptoms, assessed by parents and teachers, ranged between low and medium.
Bullying in Spanish Secondary Schools: Gender-Based Differences
Authors: Carrera Fernández María Victoria , Fernández María Lameiras , Castro Yolanda Rodríguez , Failde Garrido José María , Otero María Calado 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bullying in its various forms from the perspective of all of the individuals involved (victims, bullies, and witnesses) and to explore its distribution as a function of gender. The study had a correlational design and used a representative sample of 1500 Spanish students attending compulsory secondary education in the academic year 2007–2008. It applied an instrument measuring different types of bullying, taken from the studies conducted by Díaz-Aguado, Martínez, and Martín (2004) and the Defensor del Pueblo (Spanish Ombudsman’s Office)-UNICEF (2007). The findings reveal that all the types of bullying considered take place at school and that there is an inverse relationship between the severity and the prevalence of bullying behaviors, with verbal abuse proving to be the most common type of abusive behavior. Boys are involved in all kinds of bullying incidents as bullies significantly more often than girls are, except in cases involving ‘talking about someone behind their back’; in these situations, girls are involved significantly more often as bullies than boys are. As for victimization, boys are victims of direct physical abuse significantly more often than girls are, while girls are more often the subject of malicious gossip.