bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Urban Unbound: London's Politics and the 2012 Olympic Games
Authors: Allen John , Cochrane Allan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGlobal events such as London's 2012 Olympic Games raise questions about the ways in which embedded political arrangements take their shape from relationships that stretch across and beyond urban boundaries. In this article, the urban politics that we wish to capture is not one that is merely located in the city, but rather one that has to constantly take into account the mediated demands folded (as it were) into the urban arena. In the first part of the article, the corporate politics of an Olympic‐related urban regeneration are outlined and then considered, first as a staged setting for interaction, a kind of placeless political engagement, and then as a more embedded spatial politics that takes into account the leverage of networked groups acting within and beyond the city. Following that, we explore the politics of regeneration when campaign groups and alternative coalitions of interest raise their own political demands by drawing on references outside of their immediate urban area and attempt to steer political dialogue in ways that extend the reach of urban politics. The urban politics at stake in this context, we argue, appears to work more through topology than a series of mapped connections; through actors registering their presence in ways that often dissolve the tension between inside and outside rather than define it in terms of separate political spaces.
What Do Cities Have to Do with Democracy?
Authors: Barnett Clive 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe relationship between urbanization and democratization remains under‐theorized and under‐researched. Radical urban theory has undergone a veritable normative turn, registered in debates about the right to the city, spatial justice and the just city, while critical conceptualizations of neoliberalism present ‘democracy’ as the preferred remedy for injustice. However, these lines of thought remain reluctant to venture too far down the path of political philosophy. The relationship between urban politics and the dynamics of democratization remains under‐theorized as a result. It is argued that this relationship can be usefully understood by drawing on lessons from avowedly normative styles of political theorizing, specifically post‐Habermasian strands of critical theory. Taking this tradition seriously helps one to notice that discussions of urbanization, democracy, injustice and rights in geography, urban studies and related fields invoke an implicit but unthematized democratic norm, that of all‐affected interests. In contemporary critical theory, this norm is conceptualized as a worldly register of political demands. It is argued that the conceptual disaggregation of component values of democracy undertaken through the ‘spatial turn’ in recent critical theory reorients the analysis of the democratic potentials of urban politics around the investigation of the multiple forms of agency which urbanized processes perform in generating, recognizing and acting upon issues of shared concern.
Tyrosine Hydroxylase TH01 9.3 Allele in the Occurrence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Swiss Caucasians
Authors: Studer Jacqueline , Bartsch Christine , Haas Cordula 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCatecholamines, especially noradrenalin, are essential in the control of respiration and arousal. Thus, an impaired production of these neurotransmitters may contribute to the occurrence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The first step of the noradrenergic synthesis pathway is catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The TH‐encoding gene contains a tetrameric short tandem repeat in intron 1 (TH01), with allele 9.3 reported to be associated with SIDS in German infants. We investigated the allelic frequency of the TH01 marker in 171 Swiss SIDS infants and 500 healthy and gender‐matched Caucasian adults. In our study population, the allelic frequency of the 9.3 allele is similarly distributed in SIDS cases and controls (27.2% vs. 25.6%; p‐value = 0.562). Nevertheless, the TH‐encoding gene is only one of several genes involved in the noradrenergic biosynthesis pathway. Therefore, further genetic investigations are required with focus on the whole noradrenergic signaling system.
Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 April 2014 – 31 May 2014
Authors:   Genomic Resources Development Consortium, Contreras Marinela , de la Fuente José , Estrada‐Peña Agustín , Grubhoffer Libor , Tobes Raquel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article documents the public availability of a global transcriptome comparison between Lyme disease tick vectors, Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes ricinus.
Silica particles with encapsulated DNA as trophic tracers
Authors: Mora C. A. , Paunescu D. , Grass R. N. , Stark W. J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEcological networks such as food webs are extremely complex and can provide important information about the robustness and productivity of an ecosystem. In most cases, it is not feasible to observe trophic interactions between predators and prey directly and with the available methods, it is difficult to quantify the connections between them. Here, we show that submicron‐sized silica particles (100–150 nm) with encapsulated DNA (SPED) enable accurate food and organism labelling and quantification of specific animal‐to‐animal transfer over more than one trophic level. We found that SPED were readily transferable and quantifiable from the bottom to the top of a two‐level food chain of arthropods. SPED were taken up in the gut system and remained persistent in an animal over several days. When uniquely labelled SPED were applied at predefined ratios, we found that information about their relative abundance was reliably conserved after trophic level transfer and over time. SPED were also applied to investigate the flower preference of fly pollinators and proved to be a fast and accurate analysis method. SPED combine attributes of DNA barcoding and stable isotope analysis such as unique labelling, quantification via real‐time PCR and exact backtracking to the tracer source. This improves and simplifies the analysis and monitoring of ecological networks.
Quercus yangyiensis sp. nov. from the Late Pliocene of Baoshan, Yunnan and Its Paleoclimatic Significance
Authors: HE Yuli , LI Na , WANG Zixi , WANG Haofei , YANG Guolin , XIAO Liang , WU Jingyu , SUN Bainian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new Quercus (Fagaceae) morphospecies is described based on well‐preserved fossil leaves. The fossils were collected from Yangyi Formation of the Upper Pliocene at the Yangyi coalmine, Baoshan, western Yunnan, China. Details of the microstructure of mesophyll tissue are preserved because lithification of the fossils was not complete. The fossil laminas possess typical characteristics of Quercus sect Heterobalanus: quite thick and coriaceous cuticle; secondary veins bifurcating near the margin in the middle and top of the leaf; and upper epidermis with adaxial hypodermis. Based on a detailed morphological and anatomical comparison with all living and fossil species of Quercus sect. Heterobalanus, the fossil leaves prove to be different in their sparse and garland‐shaped multicellular trichomes on the lower epidermis, and so it is described as a new species Quercus yangyiensis He, Li et Sun sp. nov. The much sparser trichomes of our fossils compare well with those of living Quercus sect. Heterobalanus and indicate a more humid climate during the deposition of the Yangyi Formation in the Late Pliocene.
Hydroxycalciopyrochlore, A New Mineral Species from Sichuan, China
Authors: YANG Guangming , LI Guowu , XIONG Ming , PAN Baoming , YAN Chenjie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHydroxycalciopyrochlore, ideally (Ca,Na,U,□)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH), cubic, is a new mineral species (IMA2011–026) within the pyrochlore supergroup that was found occurring at the Maoniuping mine, Mianning County, Xichang prefecture, Sichuan Province, southwest China. The mineral is found in an alkali feldspar granite rare‐earth ore deposit (26–27 Ma). Associated minerals include calcite, barite, celestine, albite, aegirine, aegirine‐augite, fluorite, parasite‐(Ce), thorite, thorianite, zircon, galena, sphalerite, magnetite, and pyrite. Crystals occur mostly as octahedra, and less often as dodecahedra and tetrahexahedra or combinations thereof. Some occur with an allotriomorphic habit with a thick triangular tabular form. Crystals generally range from 0.1 to 1 mm in size. The mineral is brownish‐black, greenish‐black and black on fresh sections with a brown streak. The crystal is translucent, and has a greasy lustre on fresh sections. It is metamict without any observed parting or cleavage and with a conchoidal fracture. The Vickers microhardness is 572 kg/mm2 (5–6 on the Mohs hardness scale). The density measured by hydrostatic weighing is 5.10(3) g/cm3. The strongest four reflections in the X‐ray powder‐diffraction pattern [d in Å (I) hkl] are: 2.9657 (100) 2 2 2, 1.8142 (34) 0 4 4, 1.5463 (21) 2 2 6, 2.5688 (18) 0 0 4. The unit‐cell parameters are a = 10.381(4) Å, V = 1118.7(7) Å3, Z = 8. The structure was solved and refined in the space group Fd3m with R = 0.09. The empirical formula is (Ca0.74Na0.58U0.40Ce0.05Fe0.02□0.21)2.00(Nb1.15Ti0.80Ta0.03Al0.01Mg0.01)2.00O6.02 [(OH)1.01F0.09]1.10, on the basis of 2 atoms of B pfu; the simplified formula is (Ca,Na,U,□)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH). Type material is deposited in the Geological Museum of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China, catalogue number M11800.
Petrogenesis of Kejie Granite in the Northern Changning‐Menglian Zone, Western Yunnan: Constraints from Zircon U‐Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry and Hf Isotope
Authors: NIE Fei , DONG Guochen , MO Xuanxue , WANG Xia , FAN Wenyu , DONG Meiling , ZHU Huaping 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Kejie pluton is located in the north of the Changning‐Menglian suture zone. The rock types are mainly biotite‐granite. Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb dating indicates that the Kejie pluton emplaced at about 80–77 Ma, Late Cretaceous. The Kejie pluton samples are characterized by high SiO2 (71.68%–72.47%), K2O (4.73%–5.54%), total alkali (K2O + Na2O = 8.21%–8.53%), K2O/Na2O ratios (1.36–1.94) and low P2O5 (0.13%–0.17%), with A/CNK of 1.025–1.055; enriched in U, Th, and K, depleted in Ba, Nb, Sr, Ti, P and Eu. They are highly fractionated, slightly pet aluminous I‐type granite. The two samples of the Kejie pluton give a large variation of εHf(t) values (–5.04 to 1.96) and Hf isotope crustal model ages of 1.16–1.5 Ga. Zircon Hf isotopes and zircon saturation temperatures of whole‐rock (801°C–823°C) show that the mantle‐derived materials maybe have played a vital role in the generation of the Kejie pluton. The Kejie pluton was most likely generated in a setting associated with the eastward subduction of the neo‐Tethys ocean, where intrusion of mantle wedge basaltic magmas in the crust caused the anatexis of the latter, forming hybrid melts, which subsequently experienced high‐degree fractional crystallization.
Mineralization Styles and Genesis of the Yinkeng Au‐Ag‐Pb‐Zn‐Cu‐Mn Polymetallic Orefield, Southern Jiangxi Province, SE China: Evidence from Geology, Fluid Inclusions, Isotopes and Chronology
Authors: FENG Chengyou , LI Daxin , ZENG Zailin , ZHANG Dequan , SHE Hongquan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Yinkeng orefield in Yudu County, Jiangxi Province, SE China, is a zone of concentrated Au‐Ag‐Pb‐Zn‐Cu‐Mn polymetallic ores. Based on summing up basic geology and ore geology of the orefield, the polymetallic deposits in the orefield have been divided into seven major substyles according to their occurring positions and control factors. The ore‐forming fluid inclusion styles in the orefield include those of two‐phase fluid, liquid CO2‐bearing three‐phase and daughter mineral‐bearing multi‐phase. The homogenization temperatures range from 382° to 122°C, falling into five clusters of 370° to 390°, 300° to 360°, 230° to 300°, 210° to 290° and 120° to 200°, and the clusters of 300° to 360°, 230° to 300° and 120° to 200° are three major mineralization stages, with fluid salinity peaks from 4.14% to 7.31%, 2.07% to 7.31% and 0.53% to 3.90%, respectively. The ore‐forming fluids are mainly type of NaCl‐H2O with medium to high density (0.74–1.02 g/cm3), or CO2‐bearing NaCl‐H2O with medium to low density (0.18–0.79 g/cm3). The fluid salinity and density both show a decline tendency with decreasing temperature. According to the measurement and calculation of H‐ and O‐isotopic compositions in the quartz of the quartz‐sulfide veins, δDV‐SMOW of the ore‐forming fluid is from –84‰ to –54‰, and δ18OV‐SMOW of that is from 6.75‰ to 9.21‰, indicating a magmatic fluid. The δ34SV‐SDT of sulfides in the ores fall into two groups, one is from –4.4‰ to 2.2‰ with average of –1.42‰, and the other from 18.8‰ to 21.6‰ with average of 19.8‰. The S‐isotopic data shows one peak at –4.4‰ to 2.2‰ (meaning –1.42‰) suggesting a simple magmatic sulfur source. The ore Pb‐isotopic ratios are 206Pb/204Pb from 17.817 to 17.983, 207Pb/204Pb from 15.470 to 15.620 and 208Pb/204Pb from 38.072 to 38.481, indicating characteristics of mantle‐derived lead. The data show that the major ore deposits in the orefield have a magmatic‐hydrothermal genesis and that the SHRIMP zircon age of the granodiorite porphyry, closely related to the mineralization, is 151.2±4.2 Ma (MSWD = 1.3), which can represent the formation ages of the ores and intrusion rocks. The study aids understanding of the ore‐forming processes of the major metallic ore deposits in the orefield.
Effects of Lateral Variation in Vegetation and Basin ‘Dome’ Shape on Tropical Lowland Peat Stabilisation in the Kota Samarahan‐Asajaya Area, West Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: ZULKIFLEY Mohamad Tarmizi Mohamad , NG Tham Fatt , RAJ John Kuna , HASHIM Roslan , ASHRAF Muhammad Aqeel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractField surveys indicate lateral variation in peat humification levels (von Post) in dominantly occurring fibric, fibric to hemic, sapric and hemic to sapric peats across a gradient from the margin towards the centre of tropical lowland peat domes. Cement‐peat stabilisation can be enhanced by adding mineral soil fillers (silt, clays and fine sands) obtained from Quaternary floodplain deposits and residual soil (weathered schist). The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the stabilised cement‐mineral soil filler‐peat mix increases with the increased addition of selected mineral soil filler. Lateral variation in the stabilised peat strength (UCS) in the top 0 to 0.5 m layer was found from the margin towards the centre of the tropical lowland peat dome. The variations in the UCS of stabilised tropical lowland peats along a gradient from the periphery towards the centre of the peat dome are most likely caused by a combination of factors due to variations in the mineral soil or ash content of the peat and horizontal zonation or lateral variation in the dominant species of the plant assemblages (due to successive vegetation zonation of the peat swamp forest from the periphery towards the centre of the tropical lowland peat dome).
Spatiotemporal Changes of Vegetation Cover in Response to Climate Change on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: LI Juncheng , WANG Jianrong , GONG Bin , GAN Xiaoli , HU Weiwu , LIU Weiling 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau is one of the most important ecological barriers in China. Resolving the internal relations and dynamics ruling the association between regional vegetation and climate change is important to understand and protect the regional ecosystems. Based on vegetation, temperature and precipitation data of the Tibetan Plateau from 2001 to 2010, we analyze the spatial and temporal variations of vegetation cover over the past 10 years and discuss the vegetation response to climate change using empirical orthogonal function and singular value decomposition. Our results reveal the following: (1) vegetation cover gradually decreases from the southeast to the northwest of the Tibetan Plateau; (2) vegetation cover has increased on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 10 years, mainly in the central and eastern zones; and (3) a significant positive relationship was suggested between vegetation cover during growing season and the temperature in the entire region and with precipitation in the central and southern zones.
Arsenic Distribution Pattern in Different Sources of Drinking Water and their Geological Background in Guanzhong Basin, Shaanxi, China
Authors: LUO Kunli , ZHANG Shixi , TIAN Yuan , GAO Xing 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTo study arsenic (As) content and distribution patterns as well as the genesis of different kinds of water, especially the different sources of drinking water in Guanzhong Basin, Shaanxi province, China, 139 water samples were collected at 62 sampling points from wells of different depths, from hot springs, and rivers. The As content of these samples was measured by the intermittent flow‐hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry method (HG‐AFS). The As concentrations in the drinking water in Guanzhong Basin vary greatly (0.00–68.08 μg/L), and the As concentration of groundwater in southern Guanzhong Basin is different from that in the northern Guanzhong Basin. Even within the same location in southern Guanzhong Basin, the As concentrations at different depths vary greatly. As concentration of groundwater from the shallow wells (<50 m deep, 0.56–3.87 μg/L) is much lower than from deep wells (110–360 m deep, 19.34–62.91 μg/L), whereas As concentration in water of any depth in northern Guanzhong Basin is <10 μg/L. Southern Guanzhong Basin is a newly discovered high‐As groundwater area in China. The high‐As groundwater is mainly distributed in areas between the Qinling Mountains and Weihe River; it has only been found at depths ranging from 110 to 360 m in confined aquifers, which store water in the Lishi and Wucheng Loess (Lower and Middle Pleistocene) in the southern Guanzhong Basin. As concentration of hot spring water is 6.47–11.94 μg/L; that of geothermal water between 1000 and 1500 m deep is 43.68–68.08 μg/L. The high‐As well water at depths from 110 to 360 m in southern Guanzhong Basin has a very low fluorine (F) value, which is generally <0.10 mg/L. Otherwise, the hot springs of Lintong and Tangyu and the geothermal water in southern Guanzhong Basin have very high F values (8.07–14.96 mg/L). The results indicate that high‐As groundwater in depths from 110 to 360 m is unlikely to have a direct relationship with the geothermal water in the same area. As concentration of all reservoirs and rivers (both contaminated and uncontaminated) in the Guanzhong Basin is <10 μg/L. This shows that pollution in the surface water is not the source of the high‐As in the southern Guanzhong Basin. The partition boundaries of the high‐ and low‐As groundwater area corresponds to the partition boundaries of the tectonic units in the Guanzhong Basin. This probably indicates that the high‐As groundwater areas can be correlated to their geological underpinning and structural framework. In southern Guanzhong Basin, the main sources of drinking water for villages and small towns today are wells between 110–360 m deep. All of their As contents exceed the limit of the Chinese National Standard and the International Standard (>10 μg/L) and so local residents should use other sources of clean water that are <50 m deep, instead of deep groundwater (110 to 360 m) for their drinking water supply.
Involvement of reactive oxygen species in cocaine‐taking behaviors in rats
Authors: Jang Eun Young , Ryu Yeon‐Hee , Lee Bong Hyo , Chang Su‐Chan , Yeo Mi Jin , Kim Sang Hyun , Folsom Ryan J. , Schilaty Nathan D. , Kim Kwang Joong , Yang Chae Ha , Steffensen Scott C. , Kim Hee Young 
Published: June 2014

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the development of behavioral sensitization following repeated cocaine exposure. We hypothesized that increased ROS following cocaine exposure would act as signaling molecules in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which might play an important role in mediating the reinforcing effects of cocaine. The aim of this study was to evaluate cocaine enhancement of brain metabolic activity and the effects of ROS scavengers on cocaine self‐administration behavior, cocaine‐induced ROS production in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and cocaine enhancement of DA release in the NAc. Metabolic neural activity monitored by temperature and oxidative stress were increased in NAc following cocaine exposure. Systemic administration of the ROS scavenger N‐tert‐butyl‐α‐phenylnitrone (PBN) or 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPOL), either pre‐ or post‐treatment, significantly decreased cocaine self‐administration without affecting food intake. Infusion of TEMPOL into the NAc inhibited cocaine self‐administration. Increased oxidative stress was found mainly on neurons, but not astrocytes, microglia or oligodendrocytes, in NAc of rats self‐administering cocaine. TEMPOL significantly attenuated cocaine‐induced enhancement of DA release in the NAc, compared to saline controls. TEMPOL had no effect on the enhancement of DA release produced by the DA transporter inhibitor GBR12909. Taken together, these findings suggest that enhancement of ROS production in NAc neurons contributes to the reinforcing effect of cocaine.
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of nipple adenoma
Authors: Wang Chenggang , Wang Xiao , Ma Rong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundNipple adenoma is a rare and benign type of breast tumour. Because of the lack of proper understanding, it is easily overlooked and misdiagnosed by doctors. The aim of the study is to improve clinicians' awareness of the disease.MethodsEvaluation of the complaints such as blood discharge or nodules on the nipple was done with physical examination, ultrasonography and cytologic evaluation (discharge cytology and curettage cytology). Resection of part of the nipple containing the tumour was performed in 11 of the 12 patients included in this study.ResultsPhysical examination revealed nodules palpable inside the nipples in all 12 cases. However, a hypoechoic nodule was detected unilaterally inside the nipple only in three of 11 patients examined by ultrasonography. It was worth noting that six patients had cytology performed (one case on nipple discharge and five cases on curettage) and that all six had abnormal results. Cytology is often atypical or suspicious but the ultimate pathology is benign. No post‐operative recurrence was observed in any of the patients.ConclusionsPhysical examination and diagnostic studies are important part of the diagnostic workup, but since cytological assessment often yields atypical cells, surgical treatment and pathologic evaluation are the only approach for definitive diagnosis to rule out a potential malignancy.