bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contractile elements in muscular fascial tissue – implications for in‐vitro contracture testing for malignant hyperthermia
Authors: Hoppe K. , Schleip R. , Lehmann‐Horn F. , Jäger H. , Klingler W. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryMalignant hyperthermia is a dreaded complication of general anaesthesia. Predisposed individuals can be identified using the standardised caffeine/halothane in‐vitro contracture test on a surgically dissected skeletal muscle specimen. Skeletal muscle is composed of muscle fibres and interwoven fascial components. Several malignant hyperthermia‐associated neuromuscular diseases are associated with an altered connective tissue composition. We analysed adjacent fascial components of skeletal muscle histologically and physiologically. We investigated whether the fascial tissue is sensitive to electrical or pharmacological stimulation in a way similar to the in‐vitro contracture test for diagnosing malignant hyperthermia. Using immunohistochemical staining, α‐smooth muscle actin‐positive cells (myofibroblasts) were detected in the epi‐, endo‐ and perimysium of human fascial tissue. Force measurements on isolated fascial strips after pharmacological challenge with mepyramin revealed that myofascial tissue is actively regulated by myofibroblasts, thereby influencing the biomechanical properties of skeletal muscle. Absence of electrical reactivity and insensitivity to caffeine and halothane suggests that, reassuringly, the malignant hyperthermia diagnostic in‐vitro contracture test is not influenced by the muscular fascial tissue.
Art and Labor in the Framing ofGuatemala's Dead
Authors: Torres M. Gabriela 
Published: June 2014

AbstractInGuatemala, how did photographers work to represent atrocity? Did they think of the images of death they produced as art? As work? InGuatemala, visual narratives provided by the camera were often more successful than the bullet at creating a sense of political clarity that actively obfuscated the disruptive and destructive force of political violence. Graphic reporters, as photographic journalists called themselves, actively worked to give images of violence their own aesthetic narrative: a narrative they had to negotiate with their editors, print reporters and, most importantly, the intelligence and public affairs arms of theGuatemalanArmedForces. In staging and orienting their images – defining what story they would tell and what characters and motivations they would allow into their frame of vision – graphic reporters consciously engaged in the production of a complexly authored narrative aesthetic that came to represent both atrocity and their own work as artists.
Beyond symptom control for attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): what can parents do to improve outcomes?
Authors: Tarver J. , Daley D. , Sayal K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAttention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its associated behavioural manifestations develop and progress as the result of complex gene‐environment interactions. Parents exert a substantial influence and play a major role in their child's social environment. Despite this, recent evidence has suggested that adapting the child's environment via parenting interventions has minimal effects on child ADHD symptoms when analysing data from informants who are probably blind to treatment allocation. However, adverse parenting and family environments may act as a source of environmental risk for a number of child outcomes beyond ADHD symptoms. This is a narrative review that critically discusses whether parenting interventions are beneficial for alternative functioning outcomes in ADHD including neuropsychological, academic and social functioning and disruptive behaviour and how parenting and familial environments may be associated with these outcomes. In addition, the review explores how parental depression and parenting efficacy impact on capacity for optimal parenting and whether parenting interventions benefit parents too. A review of the evidence suggests that with modification, parenting interventions are beneficial for a number of outcomes other than ADHD symptom reduction. Improving the parent–child relationship may have indirect benefits for disruptive behaviour. Furthermore, parenting behaviours may directly benefit child neuropsychological, academic and social functioning. Parenting interventions can have therapeutic benefits for parents as well as children, which is important as parent and child well‐being is likely to have a transactional relationship. Evaluation of the clinical success of parenting interventions should focus on a wider range of outcomes in order to aid understanding of the multifaceted benefits that they may be able to offer. Parenting interventions should not be seen as a redundant adjunct to medication in multi‐modal treatment approaches for ADHD; they have the potential to target outcomes that, at present, medication seems less able to improve.
Ethical Issues in Adolescents' Sexual and Reproductive Health Research in Nigeria
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Haire Bridget , Harrison Abigail , Odetoyingbo Morolake , Fatusi Olawunmi , Brown Brandon 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the need to address the ethical dilemmas related to the engagement of adolescents in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) research. Research projects, including those that address issues related to STIs and HIV, adverse pregnancy outcomes, violence, and mental health, must be designed and implemented to address the needs of adolescents.Decisions on when an individual has adequate capacity to give consent for research most commonly use age as a surrogate rather than directly assessing capacity to understand the issues and make an informed decision on whether to participate in research or not. There is a perception that adolescents participating in research are more likely to be coerced and may therefore not fully comprehend the risk they may be taking when engaging in research.This paper examines the various ethical issues that may impact stakeholders' decision making when considering engaging adolescents in SRH research in Nigeria. It makes a case for lowering the age of consent for adolescents. While some experts believe it is possible to extrapolate relevant information from adult research, studies on ethical aspects of adolescents' participation in research are still needed, especially in the field of sexual and reproductive health where there are often differences in knowledge, attitudes and practices compared to adults. The particular challenges of applying the fundamental principles of research ethics to adolescent research, especially research about sex and sexuality, will only become clear if more studies are conducted.
Ministry as Womb and Tomb: Baptism as a Paradigm for Ministry
Authors: Norheim Bård Eirik Hallesby 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article rethinks a paradigm for ministry in a world in which a culture of choice is radically challenging sacramental, baptismal theology. Drawing on the two fundamental biblical metaphors for baptism—baptism as a womb (John 3) and a tomb (Rom 6)—the article tries to reimagine ministry emerging from these two metaphors. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of developing ministry by the use of this dialectic—ministry as both womb and tomb.
Sacramental Theology in a Consumer Society
Authors: Hoffmeyer John F. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCritics of consumerism frequently denounce it for being too materialistic. In fact, much consumer marketing appeals to desires that transcend the material. Marketers present material goods in a manner analogous to sacramental elements: a means of mediating an encounter with that which transcends the material. In a consumer society, it is important for Christian sacramental theology to distinguish itself from the quasi‐sacramental appeal of consumerism. One important way to do this is to emphasize that Christian sacramental theology honors and cherishes material mediations of the transcendent far more than consumerism does.
Regional‐scale characterization of the geomorphic control of the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in cropland
Authors: Stevens F. , Bogaert P. , Van Oost K. , Doetterl S. , Van Wesemael B. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) at the landscape scale is generally not considered in regional or national SOC dynamics models. In cropland this heterogeneity is controlled largely by topography, which influences the distribution of water, energy and sediments, and thus the SOC dynamics. Sediment redistribution rates have increased strongly since the mechanization of agriculture. The over‐simplification of landscape processes in regional models of C dynamics may add to the uncertainty in C balances. Therefore, a better characterization of the importance of landscape‐scale effects on the SOC distribution throughout a region is needed. This study characterized the relative importance of geomorphology in the SOC horizontal and vertical variability across croplands in the Belgian loess belt region. A large legacy dataset of soil horizons was exploited together with 147 recently sampled profiles. Mean SOC depth profiles for different soil types were compared. Various topographic attributes were computed from a digital elevation model, and their influence on SOC was quantified through simple linear models. Finally, SOC content was mapped at three depth layers through multiple linear models, and results were cross‐validated. The legacy dataset allowed identification of significant differences in the mean SOC profile according to texture, drainage or profile development classes. A clear relationship between SOC content and topographic attributes was demonstrated, but only for the recently sampled profiles. This may be explained by a substantial error in the location of the profiles of the legacy dataset. This study thus shows evidence that the major control of the vertical distribution of SOC is related to topography in a region where observed heterogeneities for other commonly involved factors are limited. However, the large amount of unexplained variability still limits the usefulness of the spatial prediction of SOC content, and suggests the importance of additional influencing factors.
INTERTEXTUELLE STUDIEN ZUR KRIEGSHEIMKEHR: EIN HEURISTISCHER VERSUCH
Authors: Hahn Hans 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe article examines the return of the soldier, based on three key texts with widely differing perspectives: Brecht's Trommeln in der Nacht, Hofmannsthal's Der Schwierige und Borchert's Draußen vor der Tür. The theme of homecoming exceeds that of the returning soldier since it includes a discussion of those who remained at home, recognising the important role of the female protagonists in reintegrating the homecoming soldier. In a heuristic procedure these texts will be thematically related to Homer's Odyssee. Based on Bakhtin's terminology of the dialogue of texts and a resulting multiplicity of meaning, an attempt is made to establish aspects of thematic overlapping which in turn may provide the tool for a typology of the plays’ subject‐matter which, however, would exceed generic considerations. Of special importance are examples of double coding, leading not only to the ambivalent fate of the returning soldier, but establishing also a double role of the protagonist as cuckold and suitor. Such features seem to prevent the development of other, potentially relevant plots, e.g. the Spartacist uprising in Trommeln, the marriage of Hans‐Karl in Der Schwierige and the successful homecoming of Beckmann in Draußen vor der Tür.
PATTERNS OF AUTHORSHIP: THE TRANSLATION OF CHRISTA WOLF'S KINDHEITSMUSTER
Authors: Summers Caroline 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTChrista Wolf is widely regarded as the most internationally successful writer to have emerged from the GDR. However, a definition of authorship as a discursively constructed function presumes shifts in authorial identity as texts cross discursive boundaries, rendering ‘international’ authorship a fragmented, unstable category. Emerging at the intersection of textual, individual and institutionalised realities, the author‐function is vulnerable to reshaping by a new receiving discourse. Intervention by agents in the translation process, on the textual level and in the interpretive frames provided by the paratexts that mediate between text and discourse, results in an understanding of the author that may exist in tension with her other discursive identities. Wolf's example shows that the translated author's function is subject to shift as it becomes dependent for its circulation on the institutions of a target culture: the author's East German identity and her relative absence from target‐culture discourse leave her vulnerable to appropriation by a powerful receiving discourse such as English‐speaking literary culture, and the author‐function that emerges has strongly influenced her international profile. Amongst Wolf's translated texts, the English translation of Kindheitsmuster (1976; A Model Childhood, 1980) demonstrates most clearly the discursive reformation of translated authorship.
IL‐23R gene polymorphism rs2201841 is associated with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Popadic S. , Ramic Z. , Medenica Lj. , Pravica V. , Popadic D. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryWe examined rs2201841 within IL‐23R gene in Serbian patients with psoriasis and healthy controls. G allele frequency was significantly increased in the group of patients with psoriatic arthritis compared with controls (0.481 vs 0.308). Carriage of G allele increases risk to develop psoriatic arthritis (P = 0.009, OR = 3.311, 95% CI 1.29–8.70).
Genetic variation in the ovine uncoupling protein 1 gene: association with carcass traits in New Zealand (NZ) Romney sheep, but no association with growth traits in either NZ Romney or NZ Suffolk sheep
Authors: Yang G. , Forrest R. , Zhou H. , Hodge S. , Hickford J. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) plays an important role in the regulation of lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissues. Genetic variation within three regions (the promoter, intron 2 and exon 5) of the ovine UCP1 gene (UCP1) was investigated using polymerase chain reaction‐single‐strand conformational polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) analyses. These revealed three promoter variants (designated A, B and C) and two intron 2 variants (a and b). The association of this genetic variation with variation in lamb carcass traits and postweaning growth was investigated in New Zealand (NZ) Romney and Suffolk sheep. The presence of B in a lamb's genotype was associated with decreased subcutaneous carcass fat depth (V‐GR) (p = 0.004) and proportion of total lean meat yield of loin meat (p = 0.005), and an increased proportion of total lean meat yield of hind‐leg meat (p = 0.018). In contrast, having two copies of C was associated with increased V‐GR (p < 0.001) and proportion of total lean meat yield of shoulder meat (p = 0.009), and a decreased hind‐leg yield (p = 0.032). No associations were found with postweaning growth. These results suggest that ovine UCP1 is a potential gene marker for carcass traits.
Effect of Twist and Bmi1 on intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas
Authors: Ishikawa Daichi , Shimada Mitsuo , Utsunomiya Tohru , Morine Yuji , Imura Satoru , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Arakawa Yusuke , Kanamoto Mami , Iwahashi Shuichi , Saito Yu , Yamada Shinichiro , Miyake Hidenori 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a well‐established entity among pancreatic neoplasms that ranges from low‐grade dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor progression in various cancers. Moreover, Notch signaling is one of the important upstream effectors of EMT promotion. Currently, it is unclear whether EMT causes pathological progression of IPMN.AimWe evaluated the expression of EMT‐promoting transcription factors Twist and B cell‐specific Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1 (Bmi1) in IPMN.MethodsPatients who underwent resections at our institute and its affiliated hospital were enrolled in this study (n = 35). Protein expression of EMT markers Twist, Bmi1, Jagged1, and E‐cadherin in resected specimens was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Expression of these proteins was compared with the clinicopathological factors and patient survival.ResultsPositive expression of Twist and Bmi1 was observed in 40.0% and 42.9% of IPMNs, respectively. Twist and Bmi1 expression was significantly higher in IPMNs with high‐grade dysplasia (P < 0.05) and invasive carcinoma (P < 0.05) than that in IPMNs with low‐grade dysplasia. High expression of Twist was correlated with Jagged1 expression and inversely correlated with expression of E‐cadherin (P = 0.06 and P < 0.05, respectively). In survival analyses, the recurrence rate was significantly higher in the group that showed simultaneous high expression of Twist and Bmi1 (P < 0.05).ConclusionsExpression of Twist and Bmi1 is associated with aggressiveness and poor prognoses of IPMN through EMT promotion that might be induced by Notch signaling.
Protective effect of red orange extract supplementation against UV‐induced skin damages: photoaging and solar lentigines
Authors: Puglia Carmelo , Offerta Alessia , Saija Antonella , Trombetta Domenico , Venera Cardile 
Published: June 2014

SummaryBackgroundExposure of the skin to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiations causes important oxidative damages that result in clinical and hystopathological changes, contributing to premature skin aging. Hyperpigmented lesions, also known as age spots, are one of the most visible alterations in skin photoaging. Skin is naturally equipped with antioxidant systems against UV‐induced ROS generation; however, these antioxidant defenses are not completely efficient during exposure to sunlight. Oral antioxidants are able to counteract the harmful effects of UV radiation and to strengthen the physiological skin antioxidant defenses.AimsThe present study was performed to evaluate the in vivo skin photo‐protecting and anti‐aging effects of a red orange (Citrus sinensis varieties Moro, Tarocco and Sanguinello) extract supplementation. Previous studies showed that red orange extracts possess strong in vitro free radical scavenging/antioxidant activity and photo‐protective effects on human skin.Materials/MethodsThe photo‐protective effects of red orange extract intake against UV‐induced skin erythema and melanin production in solar lentigo was evaluated on healthy volunteers by an objective instrumental method (reflectance spectrophotometry).ResultsData obtained from in vivo studies showed that supplementation of red orange extract (100 mg/daily) for 15 days brought a significant reduction in the UV‐induced skin erythema degree. Moreover, skin age spots pigmentation (melanin content) decreased from 27% to 7% when subjects were exposed to solar lamp during red orange extract supplementation.ConclusionsRed orange extract intake can strengthen physiological antioxidant skin defenses, protecting skin from the damaging processes involved in photo‐aging and leading to an improvement in skin appearance and pigmentation.
DNA photoprotection conveyed by sunscreen
Authors: DeHaven Charlene , Hayden Patrick J , Armento Alexander , Oldach Jonathan 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIntroductionSkin photoaging is the consequence of solar UV exposure, and DNA damage is an important part of this process. The objective of the current work was to demonstrate that in vitro skin models can be utilized to confirm that DNA damage protection is provided by sunscreens.MethodsSkin equivalents were exposed to full‐spectrum UV light administered with a standard research solar simulator with and without pre‐application of sunscreen. Cyclopyrimidine dimer (CPD) and sunburn cell (SBC) formation as well as CPD quantitation were evaluated to determine DNA damage protection provided by the sunscreen.ResultsMarked decreases in both CPDs and SBCs were observed when sunscreen was applied prior to UV exposure.ConclusionsSunscreen application prior to full‐spectrum solar UV exposure protects DNA from photodamage measured by CPD and SBC formation. This can be expected to lessen the risk of photoaging and malignant transformation.
Live and let die: centromere loss during evolution of plant chromosomes
Authors: Lysak Martin A. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryFunctional centromeres, ensuring regular chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis, are a prerequisite for the evolutionary success of pre‐existing and new chromosome variants. The rapid progress in plant comparative genomics and cytogenetics brings new insights into the evolutionary fate of centromeres and mechanisms of chromosome number reduction (descending dysploidy). Centromere loss and relocation in chromosome regions with otherwise conserved collinearity can be explained by conventional mechanisms of chromosome rearrangements or, as newly available phylogenomic and cytogenomic data suggest, by centromere inactivation through epigenetic chromatin modifications and/or intra‐ and inter‐chromosomal recombination.
Inhaled corticosteroids and systemic inflammatory response in community‐acquired pneumonia: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Ferrer Miquel , Torres Antoni , Martínez Raquel , Ramírez Paula , Polverino Eva , Montull Beatriz , Sialer Salvador , Niederman Michael S. , Agusti Alvar , Menéndez Rosario 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe previous use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) may reduce the inflammatory response and mortality in patients with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP).MethodsWe measured serum levels of several inflammatory biomarkers, as well as mortality at various time‐points, in 663 consecutive patients hospitalized for CAP; 128 (19%) were receiving chronic outpatient treatment with ICS. Patients on previous oral corticosteroids were excluded from the analysis.ResultsOn admission, patients treated with ICS were older; had been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and pneumonia in the previous year more often; and had higher CAP severity risk classes and lower tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha (P < 0.001) and interleukin (IL)‐6 (P = 0.015) serum levels. After adjusting for potential confounders, this association persisted for TNF‐alpha (P < 0.001), but not for IL‐6. Mortality at 30 and 90 days tended to be lower in patients treated with ICS (P = 0.062 and 0.050, respectively), but mortality was similar after 1 year in both groups (16, 13% vs 81, 15% for patients treated and not treated with ICS, respectively). Hospital readmission rate after 1 year was higher in patients treated with ICS (49, 38% vs 109, 20%, P < 0.001). The association of ICS treatment with a previous diagnosis of pneumonia, lower levels of TNF‐alpha and IL‐6 on admission and higher readmission rates during follow up persisted in the subpopulation of 210 patients with COPD.ConclusionsPrevious use of ICS in patients hospitalized for CAP is associated with a reduced systemic inflammatory response without any impact on long‐term mortality.