bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships Between Polypharmacy and the Sleep Cycle Among Active-Duty Service Members
Authors: Lande R. Gregory , Gragnani Cynthia 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Context: Sleep disorders are frequent clinical presentations, especially among active-duty service members. Medications are one factor that can affect sleep in many ways.

Objective: To determine the effect of increasing numbers of medications on the sleep cycle of active-duty service members.

Methods: Medical records for active-duty service members who completed enhanced sleep assessments at the Psychiatry Continuity Service at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center from October 1, 2010, through November 30, 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected on home sleep study findings, sleep-related self-report instrument scores, and active medications.

Results: A total of 135 medical records were reviewed. One hundred patients (74.07%) had an active prescription for a psychoactive drug. Among all patients, the mean (SD) number of active medications per participant was 2.52 (2.09), with 118 patients (82.96%) having an active medication for depression or insomnia. As the number of prescribed medications increased, the percentage of the sleep cycle in deep sleep decreased (P=.049), the percentage of light sleep increased (P=.016), the percentage of rapid eye movement sleep decreased (P=.083), and the first episode of deep sleep was delayed (P=.056). An increased number of medications had no significant impact on total sleep time (P>.05).

Conclusion: An increasing number of medications did not influence total sleep time but negatively affected the sleep cycle.
The role of atmospheric forcing versus ocean advection during the extreme warming of the Northeast U.S. continental shelf in 2012
Authors: Chen Ke , Gawarkiewicz Glen , Kwon Young‐Oh , Zhang Weifeng G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the coastal ocean off the Northeast U.S., the sea surface temperature (SST) in the first half of 2012 was the highest on the record for the past roughly 150 years of recorded observations. The underlying dynamical processes responsible for this extreme event are examined using a numerical model, and the relative contributions of air‐sea heat flux versus lateral ocean advective heat flux are quantified. The model accurately reproduces the observed vertical structure and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the thermohaline condition of the Gulf of Maine and the Middle Atlantic Bight waters during the anomalous warming period. Analysis of the model results show that the warming event was primarily driven by the anomalous air‐sea heat flux, while the smaller contribution by the ocean advection worked against this flux by acting to cool the shelf. The anomalous air‐sea heat flux exhibited a shelf‐wide coherence, consistent with the shelf‐wide warming pattern, while the ocean advective heat flux was dominated by localized, relatively smaller‐scale processes. The anomalous cooling due to advection primarily resulted from the along‐shelf heat flux divergence in the Gulf of Maine, while in the Middle Atlantic Bight the advective contribution from the along‐shelf and cross‐shelf heat flux divergences was comparable. The modeling results confirm the conclusion of the recent analysis of in situ data by Chen et al. (2014a) that the changes in the large‐scale atmospheric circulation in the winter of 2011–2012 primarily caused the extreme warm anomaly in the spring of 2012. The effect of along‐shelf or cross‐shelf ocean advection on the warm anomalies from either the Scotian Shelf or adjacent continental slope was secondary.
Evolution and modulation of a poleward‐propagating anticyclonic eddy along the Japan and Kuril‐Kamchatka trenches
Authors: Kaneko Hitoshi , Itoh Sachihiko , Kouketsu Shinya , Okunishi Takeshi , Hosoda Shigeki , Suga Toshio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTo investigate the relationships between the movement of an eddy and its interior structure and water properties, four profiling floats were deployed in an anticyclonic eddy in the western North Pacific in 2013 (April–October). Daily float profiles showed rapid changes in temperature and salinity corresponding to strong interactions between eddies north of the subtropical Kuroshio Extension. After the first interaction with a warm‐core eddy in April, the isolation of the winter mixed layer from the surface was observed, forming a subsurface remnant layer. Another interaction with a cold fresh eddy at middepths in May resulted in the formation of a multilayer structure. The eddy then moved poleward along the Japan and Kuril‐Kamchatka trenches, indicating changes in its propagation pattern coupled to its interior structure. The eddy then moved northward (June–July), stalled (July–August), and moved eastward (August–October). In addition to a general declining trend, the properties of the warm saline core changed over a short time period, coinciding with changes in propagation. A density anomaly at middepths of the eddy changed location during the stalled period; however, denser waters were continuously observed in the southeast part of the eddy during its northward and eastward movement. This unidirectional density anomaly pattern was consistent with the structure of the poleward‐propagating eddy, which interacted with the western topographic boundary. Meridional exchanges of heat and material were potentially elevated by the eddy's advection and movement, as well as by water modifications in the eddy associated with exchanges along its perimeter.
Atmospheric responses to oceanic eddies in the Kuroshio Extension region
Authors: Ma Jing , Xu Haiming , Dong Changming , Lin Pengfei , Liu Yu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe examined atmospheric responses to 35,000+ oceanic eddies in the Kuroshio Extension region during the period of 2006–2009. Using satellite data, we showed that cold (warm) eddies cause surface winds to decelerate (accelerate) and reduce (increase) latent and sensible heat fluxes, cloud liquid water, water vapor content, and rain rate; all of these changes are quantified. Both the linear correlation between wind divergence and downwind sea surface temperature (SST) gradient and the correspondence between vorticity and crosswind SST gradient support the vertical momentum mixing mechanism, which indicates that SST perturbations modify surface winds by changing the vertical turbulent mixing in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). High‐resolution National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data can reproduce the atmospheric responses to the oceanic eddies in the MABL albeit with some differences in intensity. In addition, the CFSR data reveal that the atmospheric responses to these oceanic eddies are not confined in the MABL. MABL deepens (shoals) over the warm (cold) eddies; enhanced (reduced) vertical transport of transient zonal momentum occurs over the warm (cold) eddies from the sea surface to about 850 hPa level; vertical velocity anomalies over oceanic eddies penetrate beyond the MABL into free atmosphere; there exists a positive correlated relationship between SST and convective rain rate anomalies, indicative of ocean eddies' impact on the free troposphere. However, the composites of cloud liquid water and rain rate are different from the results based on the satellite data.
Seasonal variability of heterogeneous ice formation in stratiform clouds over the Amazon Basin
Authors: Seifert Patric , Kunz Clara , Baars Holger , Ansmann Albert , Bühl Johannes , Senf Fabian , Engelmann Ronny , Althausen Dietrich , Artaxo Paulo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBased on 11 months of polarization lidar observations in the Amazon Basin near Manaus, Brazil (2.3∘S, 60∘W), the relationship between temperature and heterogeneous ice formation efficiency in stratiform clouds was evaluated in the cloud top temperature range between −40 and 0∘C. Between −30 and 0∘C, ice‐containing clouds are a factor of 1.5 to 2 more frequent during the dry season. Free‐tropospheric aerosol backscatter profiles revealed a twofold to tenfold increase in aerosol load during the dry season and a Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate—Interim Implementation reanalysis data set implies that the aerosol composition during the dry season is strongly influenced by biomass burning aerosol, whereas other components such as mineral dust do not vary strongly between the seasons. The injection of smoke accompanied by the likely dispersion of biological material, soil dust, or ash particles was identified as a possible source for the increased ice formation efficiency during the dry season.
Motion of reconnection region in the Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Alexandrova Alexandra , Nakamura Rumi , Semenov Vladimir S. , Nakamura Takuma K. M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe obtain the X‐line velocity in the Earth's magnetotail for 24 reconnection events observed by the Cluster spacecraft between 2001 and 2005. The data set consists of 10 single X‐lines and 14 X‐lines from the time intervals of multiple reconnection. Except for two X‐lines from multiple reconnection, all the X‐lines move tailward (radial outward) along the current sheet, which is consistent with the direction of the pressure gradient. The X‐lines also propagate outward from the midnight sector in the dawn‐dusk direction. The X‐line speed in the Earth‐tail direction is comparable and proportional to the reconnection inflow speed and approximately 0.1 of the reconnection outflow speed. These results suggest that both the global pressure distribution and the local reconnection physics may affect the motion of the X‐line.
Combined infragravity wave and sea‐swell runup over fringing reefs by super typhoon Haiyan
Authors: Shimozono Takenori , Tajima Yoshimitsu , Kennedy Andrew B. , Nobuoka Hisamichi , Sasaki Jun , Sato Shinji 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSuper typhoon Haiyan struck the Philippines on 8 November 2013, marking one of the strongest typhoons at landfall in recorded history. Extreme storm waves attacked the Pacific coast of Eastern Samar where the violent typhoon first made landfall. Our field survey confirmed that storm overwash heights of 6–14 m above mean sea level were distributed along the southeastern coast and extensive inundation occurred in some coastal villages in spite of natural protection by wide fringing reefs. A wave model based on Boussinesq‐type equations is constructed to simulate wave transformation over shallow fringing reefs and validated against existing laboratory data. Wave propagation and runup on the Eastern Samar coast are then reproduced using offshore boundary conditions based on a wave hindcast. The model results suggest that extreme waves on the shore are characterized as a superposition of the infragravity wave and sea‐swell components. The balance of the two components is strongly affected by the reef width and beach slope through wave breaking, frictional dissipation, reef‐flat resonances, and resonant runup amplification. Therefore, flood characteristics significantly differ from site to site due to a large variation of the two topographic parameters on the hilly coast. Strong coupling of infragravity waves and sea swells produces extreme runup on steep beaches fronted by narrow reefs, whereas the infragravity waves become dominant over wide reefs and they evolve into bores on steep beaches.
The aggressive peripheral T‐cell lymphomas: 2015
Authors: Armitage James O. 
Published: May 2015

Background: T‐cell lymphomas make up approximately 10%–15% of lymphoid malignancies. The frequency of these lymphomas varies geographically, with the highest incidence in parts of Asia.Diagnosis: The diagnosis of aggressive peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) is usually made using the World Health Organization classification. The ability of hematopathologists to reproducibly diagnosis aggressive PTCL is lower than that for aggressive B‐cell lymphomas, with a range of 72%–97% for the aggressive PTCLs.Risk Stratification: Patients with aggressive PTCL are staged using the Ann Arbor Classification. Although somewhat controversial, positron emission tomography scans seem to be useful as they are in aggressive B‐cell lymphomas. The most commonly used prognostic index is the International Prognostic Index. The specific subtype of aggressive PTCL is an important risk factor, with the best survival seen in anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma—particularly young patients with the anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive subtype.Risk‐Adapted Therapy: Anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma is the only subgroup to have a good response to a CHOP‐like regimen. Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma has a prolonged disease‐free survival in only ∼20% of patients, but younger patients who have an autotransplant in remission seem to do better. PTCL‐not otherwise specified is not one disease. Anthracycline‐containing regimens have disappointing results, and a new approach is needed. Natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma localized to the nose and nasal sinuses seems to be best treated with radiotherapy‐containing regimens. Enteropathy‐associated PTCL and hepatosplenic PTCL are rare disorders with a generally poor response to therapy, although selected patients with enteropathy‐associated PTCL seem to benefit from intensive therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 90:666–673, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vagotomy and subsequent risk of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Svensson Elisabeth , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Thomsen Reimar W. , Djurhuus Jens Christian , Pedersen Lars , Borghammer Per , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveParkinson's disease (PD) may be caused by an enteric neurotropic pathogen entering the brain through the vagal nerve, a process that may take over 20 years. We investigated the risk of PD in patients who underwent vagotomy and hypothesized that truncal vagotomy is associated with a protective effect, whereas superselective vagotomy has a minor effect.MethodsWe constructed cohorts of all patients in Denmark who underwent vagotomy during 1977–1995 and a matched general population cohort by linking Danish registries. We used Cox regression to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for PD and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsRisk of PD was decreased in patients who underwent truncal (HR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.56–1.27; follow‐up of >20 years: HR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.28–1.20) compared to superselective vagotomy. Risk of PD was also decreased after truncal vagotomy when compared to the general population cohort (overall adjusted HR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.63–1.14; follow‐up >20 years, adjusted HR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.28–0.99). In patients who underwent superselective vagotomy, risk of PD was similar to the general population (HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.84–1.43; follow‐up of >20 years: HR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.80–1.70). Statistical precision of risk estimates was limited. Results were consistent after external adjustment for unmeasured confounding by smoking.InterpretationFull truncal vagotomy is associated with a decreased risk for subsequent PD, suggesting that the vagal nerve may be critically involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Ann Neurol 2015;78:522–529
Abnormal synaptic Ca2+ homeostasis and morphology in cortical neurons of familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutant mice
Authors: Eikermann‐Haerter Katharina , Arbel‐Ornath Michal , Yalcin Nilufer , Yu Esther S. , Kuchibhotla Kishore V. , Yuzawa Izumi , Hudry Eloise , Willard Carli R. , Climov Mihail , Keles Fatmagul , Belcher Arianna M. , Sengul Buse , Negro Andrea , Rosen Isaac A. , Arreguin Andrea , Ferrari Michel D. , van den Maagdenberg Arn M. J. M. , Bacskai Brian J. , Ayata Cenk 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveMigraine is among the most common and debilitating neurological conditions. Familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1), a monogenic migraine subtype, is caused by gain‐of‐function of voltage‐gated CaV2.1 calcium channels. FHM1 mice carry human pathogenic mutations in the α1A subunit of CaV2.1 channels and are highly susceptible to cortical spreading depression (CSD), the electrophysiologic event underlying migraine aura. To date, however, the mechanism underlying increased CSD/migraine susceptibility remains unclear.MethodsWe employed in vivo multiphoton microscopy of the genetically encoded Ca2+‐indicator yellow cameleon to investigate synaptic morphology and [Ca2+]i in FHM1 mice. To study CSD‐induced cerebral oligemia, we used in vivo laser speckle flowmetry and multimodal imaging. With electrophysiologic recordings, we investigated the effect of the CaV2.1 gating modifier tert‐butyl dihydroquinone on CSD in vivo.ResultsFHM1 mutations elevate neuronal [Ca2+]i and alter synaptic morphology as a mechanism for enhanced CSD susceptibility that we were able to normalize with a CaV2.1 gating modifier in hyperexcitable FHM1 mice. At the synaptic level, axonal boutons were larger, and dendritic spines were predominantly of the mushroom type, which both provide a structural correlate for enhanced neuronal excitability. Resting neuronal [Ca2+]i was elevated in FHM1, with loss of compartmentalization between synapses and neuronal shafts. The percentage of calcium‐overloaded neurons was increased. Neuronal [Ca2+]i surge during CSD was faster and larger, and post‐CSD oligemia and hemoglobin desaturation were more severe in FHM1 brains.InterpretationOur findings provide a mechanism for enhanced CSD susceptibility in hemiplegic migraine. Abnormal synaptic Ca2+ homeostasis and morphology may contribute to chronic neurodegenerative changes as well as enhanced vulnerability to ischemia in migraineurs. Ann Neurol 2015;78:193–210
Rayleigh‐wave Resonance Analysis: a Methodological Test on a Viking Age Pit House
Authors: Wilken Dennis , Wunderlich Tina , Majchczack Bente , Andersen Jasmin , Rabbel Wolfgang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSeismic surface‐waves may show amplitude resonances at certain frequencies depending on the thickness and elastic parameters of near‐surface layers. We investigate if resonance frequencies of Rayleigh‐waves, (seismic surface‐waves polarized in the vertical plane) can be used to prospect archaeological remains of small‐scale buildings such as pit houses. Our test site is a newly detected Viking age village on the island of Föhr (north Germany) where we concentrated on one typical pit house. The results from resonance analysis are compared with magnetic data, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and classical seismic refraction measurements. The method of Rayleigh‐wave resonance mapping used in this paper is based on the idea that Rayleigh‐wave oscillations on top of anthropogenic structures will show different resonances than on undisturbed soil. We perform spectral analysis of these oscillations to provide information related to the seismic site response. We process single vertical component recordings and map the change in resonance frequency that can be related to the archaeological objects. The test showed that the pit house can be mapped by Rayleigh‐wave resonance analysis with a horizontal resolution of ~0.6 m. Corresponding computations of the depth of the pit house agree with the results from GPR, magnetic modelling and refraction seismics. A modelling study helped to understand the connection between subsoil shear‐wave velocity model and the signal generated by the pit house. The progress of seismic field measurement is slow compared to GPR and magnetometry. However, since seismic methods are based on elastic subsoil parameters, it can be applied in cases where magnetic contrasts are low or GPR fails because of high electromagnetic wave absorption. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binding studies of the anti‐retroviral drug, efavirenz to calf thymus DNA using spectroscopic and voltammetric techniques
Authors: Sadeghi Marzieh , Bayat Maryam , Cheraghi Shekofeh , Yari Khirollah , Heydari Rouhollah , Dehdashtian Sara , Shamsipur Mojtaba 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInteractions between efavirenz (EFZ) with calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) were investigated in vitro under stimulated physiological conditions using multispectroscopic techniques, cyclic voltammetry viscosity measurement, and gel electrophoresis. Methylene blue and acridine orange dyes were used as spectral probes by fluorescence spectroscopy. Hypochromicity was observed in ultra‐violet (UV) absorption band of EFZ. Considerable fluorescence enhancement of EFZ was observed in the presence of increasing amounts of DNA solution and the binding constants (Kf) and corresponding numbers of binding sites (n) were calculated at different temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) were calculated to be –304.78 kJ mol–1 and –924.52 J mol–1 K–1 according to the van ’t Hoff equation, which indicated that reaction is predominantly enthalpically driven. In addition, UV/vis absorption titration of DNA bases confirmed that EFZ interacted with guanine and cytosine preferentially. Gel electrophoresis of DNA with EFZ demonstrated that EFZ also has the ability to cleave supercoiled plasmid DNA. Circular dichroism study showed stabilization of the right‐handed B form of CT‐DNA. All results suggest that EFZ interacts with CT‐DNA via an intercalative mode of binding. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microtiter plate tests for segregation of bioluminescent bacteria
Authors: Šimkus Remigijus , Meškienė Rita , Ledas Žilvinas , Baronas Romas , Meškys Rolandas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIt has been recently shown that bioluminescence imaging can be usefully applied to provide new insights into bacterial self‐organization. In this work we employ bioluminescence imaging to record images of nutrient rich liquid cultures of the lux‐gene reporter Escherichia coli in microtiter plate wells. The images show that patterns of inhomogenous bioluminescence form along the three‐phase contact lines. The paper analyzes the dependencies of the average number of luminous aggregates (clouds) on various environmental factors. In particular, our results show that optimal (neutral) pH and high aeration rates determine the highest mean number of clouds, and that spatiotemporal patterns do not form in the pH buffered suspensions. In addition, a sigmoidal (switch‐like) dependence of the number of aggregates on the rate of aeration was observed. The obtained bioluminescence imaging data was interpreted by employing the Keller–Segel–Fisher (KSF) model of chemotaxis and logistic growth, adapted to systems of metabolically flexible (two‐state) bacteria. The modified KSF model successfully simulated the observed switch‐like responses. The results of the microtiter plate tests and their simulations indicate that the segregation of bacteria with different activities proceeds in the three‐phase contact line region. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blue excitable green emitting Ce3+ doped CaS phosphor for w‐LEDs
Authors: Suresh K. , Poornachandra Rao Nannapaneni V. , Murthy K. V. R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCaS:Ce3+ is an efficient green‐emitting (535 nm) phosphor, excitable with blue light (450–470 nm) and was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction method by heating under a reducing atmosphere. The luminescent properties, photoluminescent (PL) excitation and emission of the phosphor were analyzed by spectrofluorophotometry. The excitation and emission peaks of the CaS:Ce3+ phosphor lay in the visible region, which made them relevant for light‐emitting diode (LED) application for the generation of white light. Judd‐Oflet parameters were calculated and revealed that green light emitted upon blue illumination. The prepared phosphor had strong blue absorption at 470 nm and a broad green emission band range from 490–590 nm with the peak at 537 nm. The characteristics of the CaS:Ce3+ phosphor make it suitable for use as a wavelength tunable green emitting phosphor for three band white LEDs pumped by a blue LED (470 nm). The Commission International de l'Eclairage co‐ordinates were calculated by a spectrophotometric method using the spectral energy distribution (0.304, 0.526) and confirm the green emission. The potential application of this phosphor is as a phosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diode. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.