bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effective GPU-Grid for Genome-wide Epistasis Calculations
Authors: Kam-Thong T. , Karbalai N. , Altmann A. , Müller-Myhsok B. , Pütz B. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryBackground: Until recently, genotype stud -ies were limited to the investigation of single SNP effects due to the computational burden incurred when studying pairwise interactions of SNPs. However, some genetic effects as simple as coloring (in plants and animals) cannot be ascribed to a single locus but only understood when epistasis is taken into account [1]. It is expected that such effects are also found in complex diseases where many genes contribute to the clinical outcome of affected individuals. Only recently have such problems become feasible computationally.Objectives: The inherently parallel structure of the problem makes it a perfect candidate for massive parallelization on either grid or cloud architectures. Since we are also dealing with confidential patient data, we were not able to consider a cloud-based solution but had to find a way to process the data in-house and aimed to build a local GPU-based grid structure.Methods: Sequential epistatsis calculations were ported to GPU using CUDA at various levels. Parallelization on the CPU was compared to corresponding GPU counterparts with regards to performance and cost.Results: A cost-effective solution was created by combining custom-built nodes equipped with relatively inexpensive consumer-level graphics cards with highly parallel GPUs in a local grid. The GPU method outperforms current cluster-based systems on a price/performance criterion, as a single GPU shows speed performance comparable up to 200 CPU cores.Conclusion: The outlined approach will work for problems that easily lend themselves to massive parallelization. Code for various tasks has been made available and ongoing development of tools will further ease the transition from sequential to parallel algorithms.
A Proof of Concept for Assessing Emergency Room Use with Primary Care Data and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Kuo M.-H. , Gooch P. , St-Maurice J. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryObjective: The objective of this study was to undertake a proof of concept that demonstrated the use of primary care data and natural language processing and term extraction to assess emergency room use. The study extracted biopsychosocial concepts from primary care free text and related them to inappropriate emergency room use through the use of odds ratios.Methods: De-identified free text notes were extracted from a primary care clinic in Guelph, Ontario and analyzed with a software toolkit that incorporated General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) and MetaMap components for natural language processing and term extraction.Results: Over 10 million concepts were extracted from 13,836 patient records. Codes found in at least 1% percent of the sample were regressed against inappropriate emergency room use. 77 codes fell within the realm of biopsychosocial, were very statistically significant (p < 0.001) and had an OR > 2.0. Thematically, these codes involved mental health and pain related concepts.Conclusions: Analyzed thematically, mental health issues and pain are important themes; we have concluded that pain and mental health problems are primary drivers for inappropriate emergency room use. Age and sex were not significant. This proof of concept demonstrates the feasibly of combining natural language processing and primary care data to analyze a system use question. As a first work it supports further research and could be applied to investigate other, more complex problems.
Appropriateness of ICD-coded Diagnostic Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data for Medical Practice Assessment
Authors: Hasman A. , Prins H. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryObjectives: We performed a systematic review to investigate the quality of diagnostic hospital discharge data (DHDD) in order to gain insight in the usefulness of these data for medical practice assessment. We investigated the methods used to evaluate data quality, factors that determine data quality and its consequences for medical practice assessment.Methods: We selected studies in which both completeness (or sensitivity: SENS) and correctness (or positive predictive value: PPV) were measured. We used the random-effects model to calculate mean SENS and PPV and to explore the effect of a number of covariates.Results: The 101 included studies were very heterogeneous. We distinguished six typical study designs. We found a mean SENS of 0.67 (95%CI: 0.62– 0.73) and PPV of 0.76 (95%CI: 0.73– 0.79); SENS was significantly lower for comorbidity and complication studies than for some single disease studies. PPV was significantly higher for Scandinavian countries than for other countries. Recoding compared to re-abstracting of the medical record as a gold standard gave a significantly lower PPV. Diagnostic data were considered appropriate by the authors of the studies for quality of care purposes when both SENS and PPV were at least 0.85. Only 13% of the studies fulfilled this criterion.Conclusions: Variability in quality of care between settings can easily be overshadowed by variability in data quality. However, the use of DHDD by physicians to evaluate their own medical practice may be useful. But only if physicians are willing to critically interpret the meaning of the information for their medical practice assessment.
La petite production d'ananas en Côte-d'Ivoire : d'une crise à l'autre
Authors: Colin Jean-Philippe 
Published: December 2012

Résumé La petite production d’ananas émerge en Côte-d’Ivoire dans les années soixante, comme culture destinée à la conserverie, et disparaît sous cette forme au début des années 1980. Elle ré-émerge à la même époque, mais destinée à l’exportation de fruits frais, avant de s’effondrer à nouveau au milieu des années 2000. Une première partie de l’article présente les dispositifs organisationnels et institutionnels qui ont permis l’essor d’une culture d’exportation non traditionnelle aussi intensive en travail et en intrants chez les petits producteurs : agriculture contractuelle à l’époque « ananas de conserve », jeu de relations contractuelles multiplexes avec l’amont et l’aval de la production, à l’époque « ananas pour l’exportation en frais ». Une seconde partie identifie les acteurs de cette production : essentiellement des petits planteurs burkinabè accédant à la terre par un contrat de location. La dernière partie questionne la durabilité de cette production à travers l’analyse de la crise de la production pour la conserverie, puis de l’effondrement de la production de fruits frais pour l’exportation.
Nouvelle agriculture et transformations familiales sur les hauts plateaux du nord-est cambodgien
Authors: Bourdier Frédéric 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Les populations indigènes de la province de Ratanakiri ont de tout temps pratiqué l’essartage. Chaque village dispose d’un finage au sein duquel chaque foyer défriche un pan de forêt pour ensemencer du riz pluvial assorti d’une variété élevée de denrées alimentaires secondaires et de produits non consommables. Une agriculture familiale, avec prestations d’entraides élaborées, prédominait sur les haut-plateaux. Les récentes politiques nationales de développement agricoles promeuvent des cultures de rente. Les migrants des plaines renforcent l’économie de marché, exhibent de nouveaux modèles de vie et incitent les populations locales à modifier leur gestion de l’espace. Étant donné que les formes de mises en valeur de l’écosystème naturel sont étroitement liées aux systèmes d’organisations socio-familiales, on est en droit de se demander ce qu’il advient des relations sociales et familiales mises à l’épreuve par ces bouleversements agro-économiques. Le village Pachorn servira d’illustration : l’attention portera sur l’impact des changements agricoles auprès des ménages, en ce qui concerne la nature des relations cadets/aînés, hommes/femmes et parents/enfants.
Recurrent Molar Pregnancy: An Obstetric Dilemma?
Authors: Marakani Lakshmi Rathna , Gundabattula Sirisha Rao 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTApproximately 1% of women with a molar pregnancy may have a recurrence. Chemotherapy is not indicated for recurrent molar pregnancies. An adequate interconception interval is important to ensure that the serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) from a new pregnancy does not interfere with the follow-up of the molar pregnancy that is done to detect persistent disease. We discuss the case of a nulliparous woman who had four molar pregnancies and her future reproductive options.How to cite this articleMarakani LR, Gundabattula SR. Recurrent Molar Pregnancy: An Obstetric Dilemma? Int J Infertility Fetal Med 2012;3(2):63-64.
Difficult Airway with HELLP Syndrome
Authors: Dalal Rutvij Jay , Pandya Seema 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTPregnancy due to its generalized edematous state is known to have a difficult airway. Preeclampsia makes this difficult airway more difficult and if its coupled with HELLP syndrome which becomes anesthetic's worst nightmare.We managed a similar case in our hospital, with multisystem involvement, for an emergency cesarean section. Surgery was carried on Proseal LMA (laryngeal mask airway) due to difficult intubation but for definitive airway we resorted to fiber-optic intubation, thus avoiding invasive airway.How to cite this articleDalal RJ, Pai H, Pandya S. Difficult Airway with HELLP Syndrome. Int J Infertility Fetal Med 2012; 3(2):65-67.
Nietzsche versus the Genetic Fallacy
Authors: Finken Bryan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Did Nietzsche rely on genetic fallacies? I argue that while he published two minor instances of the fallacy, he also struggled mightily against a particular breed of genetic fallacy. What he critiqued as a “proof of strength” was in fact a genetic fallacy of the sort that derives the truth of a proposition from positive results that arise from believing it. This theme is a signature of his works and heavily militates against readings of Nietzsche that casually accuse him of fallacy.
Williams, Nietzsche, and Pessimism
Authors: Jenkins Mark P. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This article extends recent efforts to investigate Nietzsche through the lens of Bernard Williams and Williams through the lens of Nietzsche by focusing on their respective conceptions of, and attitudes toward, pessimism. Specifically, the article investigates whether Williams should be regarded as endorsing or manifesting tragic or Dionysian forms of pessimism, which Nietzsche valorizes under the term “pessimism of strength,” or whether he is better associated with the Schopenhauerian or romantic pessimism, or even the Socratic optimism, that Nietzsche rejects. The answer is held to turn on the interpretation of Williams's obscure notion of “confidence.”
Effects of a Visual Technology on Mock Juror Decision Making
Authors: Park Jaihyun , Feigenson Neal 
Published: December 2012

SummaryTwo studies explored the effects of lawyers' use of PowerPoint on liability judgments in a case involving statistical evidence. Participants (Study 1, N = 192; Study 2A, N = 180; Study 2B, N = 189) watched videotaped opening statements for plaintiffs and defendant. In general, defendant's responsibility was judged to be greater when plaintiffs used PowerPoint slides than when they did not and less when defendant used PowerPoint slides than when it did not. Furthermore, PowerPoint's impact was greatest when its use was unequal. PowerPoint enhanced persuasion partly through central and partly through peripheral processing. In general, each party's use of PowerPoint increased participants' recall of that party's evidence, which in turn increased defendant's judged responsibility (when plaintiffs used PowerPoint) or reduced it (when defendants used PowerPoint), indicative of central processing. PowerPoint also functioned as a peripheral cue, influencing participants' judgments of defendant's responsibility by affecting their perceptions of the respective attorneys. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noise covariance estimation for Kalman filter tuning using Bayesian approach and Monte Carlo
Authors: Matisko Peter , Havlena Vladimír 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYLinear time‐invariant systems play significant role in the control field. A number of methods have been published for identification of the deterministic part of a process. However, identification of the stochastic part has had much less attention. This paper deals with estimation of covariance matrices of the noise entering a linear system. The process and measurement noise covariance matrices are tuning parameters of the Kalman filter, and they affect the quality of the state estimation. The noise covariance matrices are generally not known, and their estimation from the measured data is a challenging task. This paper introduces a method for estimation of the noise covariance matrices using Bayesian approach along with Monte Carlo numerical methods. Performance of the approach is tested on various systems and noise properties. The second part of the paper compares Monte Carlo approach with the recently published methods. The speed of convergence is compared with the Cramér–Rao bounds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Controllable Synthesis of Rich Nitrogen‐Doped Ordered Mesoporous Carbon for CO2 Capture and Supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Jing , Zhou Dandan , Sun Zhenkun , Deng Yonghui , Xia Yongyao , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA controllable one‐pot method to synthesize N‐doped ordered mesoporous carbons (NMC) with a high N content by using dicyandiamide as a nitrogen source via an evaporation‐induced self‐assembly process is reported. In this synthesis, resol molecules can bridge the Pluronic F127 template and dicyandiamide via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. During thermosetting at 100 °C for formation of rigid phenolic resin and subsequent pyrolysis at 600 °C for carbonization, dicyandiamide provides closed N species while resol can form a stable framework, thus ensuring the successful synthesis of ordered N‐doped mesoporous carbon. The obtained N‐doped ordered mesoporous carbons possess tunable mesostructures (p6m and Im$ \bar 3 $m symmetry) and pore size (3.1–17.6 nm), high surface area (494–586 m2 g−1), and high N content (up to 13.1 wt%). Ascribed to the unique feature of large surface area and high N contents, NMC materials show high CO2 capture of 2.8–3.2 mmol g−1 at 298 K and 1.0 bar, and exhibit good performance as the supercapacitor electrode with specific capacitances of 262 F g−1 (in 1 M H2SO4) and 227 F g−1 (in 6 M KOH) at a current density of 0.2 A g−1.
Childhood lead exposure in an enslaved African community in Barbados: Implications for birthplace and health status
Authors: Schroeder Hannes , Shuler Kristrina A. , Chenery Simon R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLead was ubiquitous on Caribbean sugar plantations, where it was used extensively in the production of sugar and rum. Previous studies suggest that skeletal lead contents can be used to identify African‐born individuals (as opposed to Creoles) among slave burials found in the New World. To test this hypothesis, we measured lead concentrations in enamel samples from 26 individuals from the Newton Plantation cemetery in Barbados, which was in use from around 1660 to 1820, and compared the results with enamel 87Sr/86Sr measurements that had been previously obtained for the same population. Results show a clear association between low (i.e., below 1 ppm) enamel lead concentrations and higher enamel 87Sr/86Sr ratios which have previously been interpreted as being indicative of African birth, suggesting that individuals with low enamel lead levels were indeed born in Africa as opposed to the New World. Based on these results, we propose that enamel lead measurements provide an effective and inexpensive way to determine African birth from skeletal remains. Furthermore, the lead measurements can provide useful insights into the health status and childhood environment of enslaved Africans during the colonial period. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dietary correlates of temporomandibular joint morphology in the great apes
Authors: Terhune Claire E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBehavioral observations of great apes have consistently identified differences in feeding behavior among species, and these differences have been linked to variation in masticatory form. As the point at which the mandible and cranium articulate, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an important component of the masticatory apparatus. Forces are transmitted between the mandible and cranium via the TMJ, and this joint helps govern mandibular range of motion. This study examined the extent to which TMJ form covaries with feeding behavior in the great apes by testing a series of biomechanical hypotheses relating to specific components of joint shape using linear measurements extracted from three‐dimensional coordinate data. Results of these analyses found that taxa differ significantly in TMJ shape, particularly in the mandibular fossa. Chimpanzees have relatively more anteroposteriorly elongated joint surfaces, whereas gorillas tend to have relatively anteroposteriorly compressed joints. Orangutans were most commonly intermediate in form between Pan and Gorilla, perhaps reflecting a trade‐off between jaw gape and load resistance capabilities. Importantly, much of the observed variation among taxa reflects differences in morphologies that facilitate gape over force production. These data therefore continue to emphasize the unclear relationship between mandibular loading and bony morphology, but highlight the need for further data regarding food material properties, jaw gape, and ingestive/food processing behaviors. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Model predictive control with dynamic pricing and probability inventory of a single supply chain unit
Authors: Niu Jian , Zhao Jun , Xu Zuhua , Shao Zhijiang , Qian Jixin 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) method for a single supply chain (SC) unit. In order to make the most profit, the prediction of demand and the policy of inventory are the key factors for an SC unit. The ordering is a manipulate variable for an SC unit, and the pricing is introduced as another manipulate variable in this paper. The supposed price has determinate effect on the demand. The demand then can be regarded as a determinate part and a stochastic part. The inventory is regarded as a probability problem because of the stochastic demand. The two manipulate variables bring different dynamics into the SC unit. An MPC is designed, and the two‐time scale characteristic of the two manipulate variables is considered simultaneously for the SC unit. By comparing with MPC without dynamic pricing policy and order‐up‐to‐level policy, we found that the simulation results approve the validity of the MPC with dynamic pricing policy. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Output Feedback H∞ Control Design for the Linear Stochastic System Driven by Both Brownian Motion and Poisson Jumps: A Nonlinear Matrix Inequality Approach
Authors: Lin Xiangyun , Zhang Weihai , Wang Xiangrong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe extend the output feedback H∞ control approaches to the stochastic system including Poisson jumps. In this model, both the control and exogenous disturbance simultaneously enter the volatility and jumps. By completing square methods, a nonlinear matrix inequality is used for solving such problems to give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a compensator.
Adaptive H∞ Control of Piecewise‐Linear Systems with Parametric Uncertainties and External Disturbances
Authors: Liu Kai , Yao Yu , Balakrishnan Venkataramanan , Ma Hongzhong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we study the adaptive H∞ control problem for piecewise linear systems with parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. Motivated by the vector projection technique and dissipation theory, we propose a piecewise H∞ controller and its associated projection‐type parameter adaptation law, which are capable of guaranteeing the system stability and minimizing the effect of disturbances. Moreover, the common quadratic Lyapunov function method is used such that all of the synthesis conditions are formulated as linear matrix inequities and thus can be solved efficiently. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the results.
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) approach to evaluate pharmacokinetics in patients with cancer
Authors: Cheeti Sravanthi , Budha Nageshwar R. , Rajan Sharmila , Dresser Mark J. , Jin Jin Y. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTPotential differences in pharmacokinetics (PK) between healthy subjects and patients with cancer were investigated using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic approach integrating demographic and physiological data from patients with cancer. Demographic data such as age, sex and body weight, and clinical laboratory measurements such as albumin, alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) and hematocrit were collected in ~2500 patients with cancer. A custom oncology population profile was built using the observed relationships among demographic variables and laboratory measurements in Simcyp® software, a population based ADME simulator. Patients with cancer were older compared with the age distribution in a built‐in healthy volunteer profile in Simcyp. Hematocrit and albumin levels were lower and AAG levels were higher in patients with cancer. The custom population profile was used to investigate the disease effect on the pharmacokinetics of two probe substrates, saquinavir and midazolam. Higher saquinavir exposure was predicted in patients relative to healthy subjects, which was explained by the altered drug binding due to elevated AAG levels in patients with cancer. Consistent with historical clinical data, similar midazolam exposure was predicted in patients and healthy subjects, supporting the hypothesis that the CYP3A activity is not altered in patients with cancer. These results suggest that the custom oncology population profile is a promising tool for the prediction of PK in patients with cancer. Further evaluation and extension of this population profile with more compounds and more data will be needed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free radical scavenging activity of novel thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives
Authors: Berczyński Paweł , Kruk Irena , Piechowska Teresa , Ceylan‐Unlusoy Meltem , Bozdağ‐Dündar Oya , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTFree radical activity towards superoxide anion radical (), hydroxyl radical (HO•) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) of a series of novel thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives (TSs) was examined using chemiluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and EPR spin trapping techniques. 5,5‐Dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO) was applied as the spin trap. Superoxide radical was produced in the potassium superoxide/18‐crown‐6 ether dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Hydroxyl radical was generated in the Fenton reaction (Fe(II) + H2O2. It was found that TSs showed a slight scavenging effect (15–38% reduction at 2.5 mmol/L concentration) of the DPPH radical and a high scavenging effect of (41–88%). The tested compounds showed inhibition of HO• ‐dependent DMPO‐OH spin adduct formation (the amplitude of EPR signal decrease ranged from 20 to 76% at 2.5 mmol/L concentration. Our findings present new group compounds of relatively high reactivity towards free radicals. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.