bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Ring2 in DNA Damage of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Exposed to Benzo[a]pyrene
Authors: Yang Jin , Wang Zhiwu , Chen Wentao , Yin Jinzhu 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTUbiquitylation of histones plays a pivotal role in DNA repair. The ubiquitin ligase Ring2 was recently shown to be the dominant ubiquitin ligase of histone H2A. In a series of experiments using the human bronchial epithelia cells (16HBE) and small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐Ring2 cells exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), we measured dynamic changes in the levels of DNA damage, expressions of ubiquitinated histone H2A, and nucleotide excision repair (NER) subunit xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) groups A, C, and F (XPA, XPC, XPF). We found that in vitro exposure to BaP increased DNA damage in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner in 16HBE and siRNA‐Ring2 cells. The results show that although decrease of Ring2 causes DNA hypersensitivity to BaP, the levels of XPA, XPC, and XPF were not affected. These results indicated that Ring2 may effect the DNA repair through other pathways but not through the expressions of NER protein. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:357‐363, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21497
Heavy metals recovery from printed circuit board industry wastewater sludge by thermophilic bioleaching process
Authors: Chen Shen‐Yi , Huang Qiao‐Ying 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDA large quantity of heavy metal contaminated wastewater sludge is produced during the treatment of printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing wastewater. The PCB wastewater sludge containing high concentrations of heavy metals, such as Cu and Zn, increases the potential for metal recycling. Although bioleaching is indicated as a promising technology to remove metals from electronic scrap and waste PCBs, its application for metal recovery from PCB wastewater sludge is still very limited. The purpose of this study was to develop a thermophilic bioleaching process operated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to recover heavy metals from PCB wastewater sludge.RESULTSThe results show that an increase in sludge solid content from 0.5 to 5% (w/v) decreased the rate of pH reduction during the bioleaching process. It was also found that the efficiency and rate of metal solubilization decreased with increasing sludge solid content. At a sludge solid content of 0.5% (w/v), after four repeated feed/decant cycles with 10 days per cycle (40 days) of SBR operation, the maximum efficiencies of metal solubilization in the treated sludge were 65% and 100% for Cu and Zn, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe solubilization efficiency of heavy metals was lower during SBR operation with a longer 20‐day cycle time. Therefore, a shorter 10‐day cycle time for SBR operation is preferred for the thermophilic bioleaching of PCB wastewater sludge. In the treated sludge, the potential mobility and environmental risks of heavy metals were decreased significantly after the thermophilic bioleaching process. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Removal of bisphenol A and 4‐n‐nonylphenol coupled to nitrate reduction using acclimated activated sludge under anaerobic conditions
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhao Junming , Li Yongmei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDBisphenol A (BPA) and 4‐n‐nonylphenol (4‐n‐NP) are of significant research interest due to their extensive use and toxicological properties. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the sorption and degradation behavior of BPA and 4‐n‐NP using acclimated activated sludge either under anoxic conditions in the presence of nitrate or under anaerobic conditions in the absence of nitrate.RESULTSSorption of BPA and 4‐n‐NP on sludge was a spontaneous physical and exothermic process; partitioning played a dominant role. The values of partitioning coefficients of BPA and 4‐n‐NP under different redox conditions follow the order anaerobic > anoxic > aerobic. While BPA was degraded under both anaerobic and anoxic conditions, 4‐n‐NP was degraded only under anoxic conditions. The degradation rate of BPA under anoxic conditions is much greater than that under anaerobic conditions, and they are much greater than the degradation rate of 4‐n‐NP under anoxic conditions. Mixed liquor suspended solid and temperature influenced their sorption and degradation. A suitable COD/NO3‐‐N ratio was 15 for both BPA or 4‐n‐NP elimination, and nitrate reduction.CONCLUSIONEffective degradation of BPA and 4‐n‐NP under nitrate reducing conditions provides an alternative removal method for refractory endocrine disrupting compounds in wastewater treatment plants. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Instability structures during periods of large Richardson number (Ri > ): Evidence of parametric instability
Authors: Walterscheid R. L. , Gelinas L. J. , Hecht J. H. , Liu A. Z. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe commonly used criteria for shear and convective instabilities were developed for steady horizontally uniform background flows. However, the formalism that rigorously addresses the instability of waves on a basic state modulated by a primary wave is Floquet theory in which the basic state includes a wave. A Floquet system supports parametric instabilities when conventional Richardson number (Ri) criteria indicate that the system is stable. In a study of small‐scale instability structures during the Maui MALT campaign, Hecht et al. (2005) noted that there were occurrences of ripple (instability) structure when the conventional criteria indicated stable conditions. We have followed up this work with a detailed survey of the occurrence of ripple structure over Maui during periods that were both stable and unstable according to conventional criteria. Values of Ri were calculated from lidar data. We have found frequent occurrence of ripple structure when Ri > . We have focused on a period when there are clear indications of waves and ripple structure exhibiting two‐dimensional instability structure when Ri ~ 1 or greater. These results are analyzed in terms of Floquet theory and interpreted as parametric instabilities occurring for modest primary wave amplitudes.
Technical considerations in MR angiography: An image‐based guide
Authors: Morelli John N. , Gerdes Clint M. , Schmitt Peter , Ai Tao , Saettele Megan R. , Runge Val M. , Attenberger Ulrike I. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAs the complexity of the magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) techniques grows, it becomes more difficult for the practicing radiologist to appreciate the physical principles underlying these studies. Nevertheless, such an understanding is requisite for improving clinical image quality. As radiologists are most accustomed to dealing with medical images in everyday practice, it seems natural that an image‐based approach to teaching MRA physics, rather than complex mathematical equations or pulse sequence diagrams, would be preferable. This article adopts such an approach. Simple ways to improve MRA image quality are emphasized along with new technologies and their physical basis. The ultimate goal of the article is to facilitate the practicing radiologist becoming more aware of the variety of MR techniques available, being more confident in modifying sequence parameters to improve image quality and reduce contrast dose, and understanding the basis behind newer MRA techniques. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1326–1341. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correction of eddy current distortions in high angular resolution diffusion imaging
Authors: Zhuang Jiancheng , Lu Zhong‐Lin , Vidal Christine Bouteiller , Damasio Hanna 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurpose:To correct distortions caused by eddy currents induced by large diffusion gradients during high angular resolution diffusion imaging without any auxiliary reference scans.Materials and Methods:Image distortion parameters were obtained by image coregistration, performed only between diffusion‐weighted images with close diffusion gradient orientations. A linear model that describes distortion parameters (translation, scale, and shear) as a function of diffusion gradient directions was numerically computed to allow individualized distortion correction for every diffusion‐weighted image.Results:The assumptions of the algorithm were successfully verified in a series of experiments on phantom and human scans. Application of the proposed algorithm in high angular resolution diffusion images markedly reduced eddy current distortions when compared to results obtained with previously published methods.Conclusion:The method can correct eddy current artifacts in the high angular resolution diffusion images, and it avoids the problematic procedure of cross‐correlating images with significantly different contrasts resulting from very different gradient orientations or strengths. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1460–1467. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polynomial noise modeling of silicon‐based GaN HEMTs
Authors: Colangeli Sergio , Bentini Andrea , Ciccognani Walter , Limiti Ernesto 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn the framework of silicon (Si) technology, evolution towards high‐frequency analog applications – which involves innovative solutions such as SiGe BiCMOS and FinFET devices – wide bandgap semiconductors grown on Si substrates are likely to represent a valid option in those cases wherever high‐power handling and low noise figures are required. Although such active devices have been extensively investigated in the last years, much of interest has been devoted in developing nonlinear models for high‐power applications, whereas reliable noise models still lack, in particular, the validity of traditional (i.e. equivalent temperature‐based) approaches for noise modeling of wide bandgap devices has not been sufficiently probed yet.In this contribution, a quite general, black box noise model of active devices is proposed and applied to a family of gallium nitride‐on‐Si high‐electron‐mobility transistors fabricated by Selex ES. The model is based on a polynomial approximation of the device correlation matrix and does not require that an accurate small‐signal equivalent circuit is available; instead, it can be extracted from multifrequency source pull data. Experimental results demonstrate that a typical behavior of the noise parameters is obtained, both versus frequency and gate periphery. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Definition and documentation of traditional foods of the Black Sea Area Countries: potential nutrition claims
Authors: Dilis Vardis , Vasilopoulou Effie , Alexieva Iordanka , Boyko Nadiya , Bondrea Aurelian , Fedosov Sergey , Hayran Osman , Jorjadze Mariam , Karpenko Dmitry , Costa Helena S , Finglas Paul , Trichopoulou Antonia 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDNutrition and health claims are permitted in foods marketed in the European Union under Regulation 1924/2006. Quality products such as traditional foods might benefit from this act, as it can highlight their nutritional richness. In this study the nutritional content of 33 traditional foods from the Black Sea Area Countries was evaluated against the thresholds of the Regulation for nutrition claims.RESULTSMost of the foods were eligible to bear several nutrition claims, mostly related to their fat, sugar, fiber and sodium content. The average number of claims per traditional food was two, with a range between zero and nine. Overall, about 72 nutrition claims were potentially relevant for the 33 traditional foods studied. Foods linked with the most claims were nuts and seeds.CONCLUSIONThe inclusion of traditional foods under this standardized European scheme could be an efficient way to highlight their possible beneficial nutritional properties. The production and marketing of traditional foods could be of benefit to both the health of consumers and the economic viability of producers, especially small‐ and medium‐size enterprises. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Short‐term and long‐term effects of excessive consumption of saturated fats and/or sucrose on metabolic variables in Sprague Dawley rats: a pilot study
Authors: Pranprawit Araya , Wolber Frances M , Heyes Julian A , Molan Abdul L , Kruger Marlena C 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDFeeding high‐fat and/or high‐sugar diets to rats leads to a change in markers of metabolic syndrome. However, types and amounts of fat and sugar as well as the length of the experiment for establishing diet‐induced metabolic syndrome in the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model remain uncertain. This study was designed to investigate the effects in SD rats of consuming excess lard, sucrose or a combination of lard and sucrose for a short (4 week) or long (8 week) period of time.RESULTSConsumption of the high‐fat high‐sugar (HFHS) diet significantly increased weight gain and abdominal fat weights (P < 0.05), and the rats also began to develop signs of impaired glucose tolerance and had increased fasting blood lipids glucose and insulin concentrations. The high‐fat (HF) diet mainly affected weight gain and fat deposition, whereas the high‐sugar (HS) diet induced glucose intolerance but not the obesity‐related parameters. Control rats showed a tendency towards insulin resistance and glucose intolerance when fed for a long‐term period.CONCLUSIONThe lard plus sucrose‐based HFHS diet is the most efficient one for inducing signs of metabolic syndrome, and SD rats fed this diet for 8 weeks successfully develop obesity and insulin resistance, which can be used as a model for metabolic syndrome research. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Late diagnosis of fetal central nervous system anomalies following a normal second trimester anatomy scan
Authors: Yinon Y. , Katorza E. , Nassie D. I. , Ben‐Meir E. , Gindes L. , Hoffmann C. , Lipitz S. , Achiron R. , Weisz B. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the nature of central nervous system (CNS) anomalies diagnosed during the third trimester following a normal anatomy scan at 21–24 weeks of gestation.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of all pregnant women referred to the fetal medicine unit at Sheba Medical Center between 2005 and 2011 due to fetal CNS anomalies detected at the late second and third trimesters following a normal anatomy scan at 21–24 weeks of gestation.ResultsDuring the study period, 47 patients were diagnosed with fetal CNS anomalies at a median gestational age of 31.1 weeks (range 24–38). The four most common anomalies found included intracranial cysts (19%), mild ventriculomegaly (15%), absence or dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (10%), and intracerebral hemorrhage (10%). Other CNS anomalies detected in this group of patients included hydrocephalus, Dandy walker malformation, large cysterna magna, microcephalus with lissencephaly, craniosynestosis, periventricular pseudocysts, global brain ischemia, cerebellar hypoplasia, and sub‐ependymal nodule.ConclusionsFetal brain continues to evolve throughout gestation, and therefore, some of the CNS anomalies can be diagnosed only during late second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Consequently, in patients who have a third trimester scan for any reason, assessment of the fetal CNS should be considered. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photo‐control of biological systems with azobenzene polymers
Authors: Goulet‐Hanssens Alexis , Barrett Christopher J. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTAzobenzene‐containing polymers offer tremendous advantages and opportunities over other stimuli‐responsive materials to interface with biology. Azobenzene's fast, reversible, and innocuous cis–trans geometrical isomerization can be leveraged into dramatic intra‐ and inter‐molecular changes when incorporated in polymeric materials. Azobenzene use has grown from a colorant, through to optical storage materials, and most recently in a variety of biologically themed applications. This review highlights the broad impact this photo‐switch has had in recent years and offers a snapshot of the research landscape at the interface between photochemistry and biology. From photo‐reversible micelles and peptides to controlled drug release and sensing, the versatility of azobenzene makes it a favored photo‐switch found in many emerging applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3058–3070
Work function and Young's modulus of platinum nanotubes: Density functional study
Authors: Das Monoj , Mukherjee Prajna , Konar Shyamal , Gupta Bikash C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUsing density functional theory we have calculated work function and Young's modulus of various platinum nanotubes. On the average, work functions of achiral platinum nanotubes increase with increasing diameter and those of chiral nanotubes are found to increase with increasing chirality. This study also finds that Young's modulus of single wall platinum nanotubes increase with increasing diameter and approaches a saturation value in the higher diameter region. Reasons behind such observations are explained.
Electrical transport in C‐doped GaAs nanowires: surface effects
Authors: Casadei Alberto , Schwender Jil , Russo‐Averchi Eleonora , Rüffer Daniel , Heiss Martin , Alarcó‐Lladó Esther , Jabeen Fauzia , Ramezani Mohammad , Nielsch Kornelius , Morral Anna Fontcuberta i 
Published: May 2013

Abstractmagnified imageThe resistivity and mobility of carbon‐doped GaAs nanowires have been studied for different doping concentrations. Surface effects have been evaluated by comparing unpassivated with passivated nanowires. We directly see the influence of the surface: the pinning of the Fermi level and the consequent existence of a depletion region lead to an increase of the mobility up to 30 cm2/Vs for doping concentrations lower than 3 × 1018 cm–3. Electron beam induced current measurements show that the minority carrier diffusion path can be as high as 190 nm for passivated nanowires.magnified image(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simultaneous determination of natural‐abundance δ15N values and quantities of individual amino acids in proteins from milk of lactating women and from infant hair using gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Tea Illa , Le Guennec Adrien , Frasquet‐Darrieux Marine , Julien Maxime , Romek Katarzyna , Antheaume Ingrid , Hankard Régis , Robins Richard J. 
Published: May 2013

RATIONALEIn isotope tracer experiments used in nutritional studies, it is frequently desirable both to determine the 15N/14N ratios of target compounds and to quantify these compounds. This report shows how this can be achieved in a single chromatographic run for protein amino acids using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer.METHODSProtein hydrolysis by acidic digestion was used to release amino acids, which were then derivatized as their N‐pivaloyl‐O‐isopropyl esters. Suitable conditions for sample preparation were established for both hair and milk proteins. The N‐pivaloyl‐O‐isopropyl esters of amino acids were separated by gas chromatography (GC) on a 60 m ZB‐WAX column linked via a combustion interface to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The 15N/14N ratios were obtained from the m/z 28, 29 and 30 peak intensities and the quantities from the Area All (Vs) integrated peak areas.RESULTSIt is shown from a five‐point calibration curve that both parameters can be measured reliably within the range of 1.0 to 2.0 mg/mL for the major amino acids derived from the hydrolysis of human maternal milk or hair samples. The method was validated in terms of inter‐day and inter‐user repeatability for both parameters for 14 amino acids. The amino acid percentage composition showed a good correlation with literature values. The method was applied to determine the variability in a population of lactating mothers and their infants.CONCLUSIONSIt has been established that δ15N values can be simultaneously determined for a complex mixture of amino acids at variable concentrations. It is shown that the percentage composition obtained correlates well with that obtained by calculation from the protein composition or from literature values. This procedure should provide a significant saving in analysis time, especially in those cases where the GC run‐time is necessarily long. It allows the satisfactory determination of the variation within a sample population. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Risk Analysis Approaches and a Case Study of the Risk of Incorporating Solar Photovoltaic Systems into a Commercial Electric Power Grid
Authors: Chaves Andrea , Terry Bahill A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper compares two common risk‐modeling approaches and then uses them to analyze the risk of incorporating solar photovoltaic (PV) systems into a commercial electric power grid. It uses procedures from both approaches such as Hierarchical Holographic Models, frequency and severity normalization, and avoiding numerical skewing by rare but serious events: It describes the benefits and limitations of these approaches. Then, this paper summarizes the main risks associated with incorporating Solar PV panel systems into a commercial electric power grid, presents a what‐if analysis for extreme scenarios, and explains mitigation strategies to ameliorate these risks. Finally, the paper points out some possible unintended consequences of incorporating Solar PV systems into a commercial electric power grid.
Coordination Abilities of Di‐2‐picolylphenylphosphane Judged on the Basis of Charge Density Investigations
Authors: Objartel Ina , Leusser Dirk , Engelhardt Felix , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe hindered reactivity of [PhP(CH2Py)2LiCl]2(2) compared to the coordination behavior of the lithium chloride free ligand PhP(CH2Py)2(Py = 2‐pyridyl) (1) could be elucidated by means of experimental electron density studies. According to the successful synthesis of metal complexes containing the dianionicJanus Headligand [PhP(CHPy)2]2–, the formation and the coordination pattern of the monoanionic ligand [PhP{C(H)Py}(CH2Py)]–was examined. The reaction of ligand1withn‐butyllithium/PMDETA and the superbase n‐butyllithium/NaOtBu, respectively, led to the alkali metal complexes [(PMDETA)Li{C(H)Py}P(CH2Py)Ph] (5) and [(PyCH2)PhP{C(H)Py}Na(Et2O)]2(6).
Characterisation of Ternary Complex Formation Between [RuIII(edta)]– and Various Bidentate Ligands
Authors: Jakusch Tamás , Kiss Tamás 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSpeciations of ruthenium(III)‐edta complexes of bidentate (O, O) (N, O) and (S, O) donor type ligands were determined by pH‐potentiometry and UV/Vis spectrophotometry in aqueous solution. Complexes of [RuIII(edtaHx)L]2– (x = 0, 1, 2 and 3) stoichiometry were only formed and the fully deprotonated species dominate at the physiological pH 7.4. Protonation occurs at the free carboxylate arms of edta; when x = 3 one of the coordination positions of the RuIII becomes free. Formation of protonated ternary complexes are more characteristic for ligands with (N, O) and (S, O) donor sets where the complex formation started (ligands with (N, O) donor set) or completed (ligands with (S, O) donor set) already at pH 2. In acidic conditions the stability order of the complexes follows the (O, O) < (N, O) < (S, O) sequence, which changes slightly for the physiological pH 7.4: (O, O) ≈ (N, O) < (S, O). The complexes formed were characterised also by LNT EPR spectroscopy. The kinetics of the ligand exchange between ternary complexes at pH 6 was found to be dissociative. The reaction rate follows basically the stability order: (O, O) < (N, O) < (S, O). No side reactions were found when the ligands replaced had (O, O) donor set; but formation of [RuIII(edta)(L1),(L2)]3– was hypothesised in the case of ligands with (N, O) or (S, O) donor sets.