bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gallery One at the Cleveland Museum of Art
Authors: Alexander Jane 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHow can art museums use interpretive technology to engage visitors actively in new kinds of experiences with works of art? What are the best strategies for integrating technology into the visitor experience? In 2012, the Cleveland Museum of Art responded with Gallery One, an interactive art gallery that opened to stakeholders on December 12, and went through a six‐week testing period before its public opening on January 21, 2013. Gallery One drew from extensive audience research and was part of a major building and renovation project in which CMA reinstalled and reinterpreted the entire permanent collection in new and renovated gallery spaces. The end result was an innovative and robust blend of art, technology, design, and a unique user experience that emerged through the collaboration of staff across the museum and with outside consultants.
Evaluation of the appreciation of virtual teeth with and without pathology
Authors: de Boer I. R. , Lagerweij M. D. , Wesselink P. R. , Vervoorn J. M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimVirtual teeth with and without tooth pathology have been developed for use in a virtual learning environment in dental education. The objective of this study was to evaluate the appearance of these virtual teeth for use in dental education and to compare them with contemporary educational models, such as plastic teeth (Frasaco GmbH) and extracted human teeth.Material and methodsSix sets of photographs representing six different teeth were shown to dentists, teachers (dentists) and dental students (bachelor's and master's degree students). Each set consisted of 15 pictures showing five views of the extracted human tooth, the similar virtual tooth and the plastic tooth. The five views represented the mesial, distal, occlusal, buccal and lingual surfaces. The virtual tooth was the same as the extracted tooth (scanned with a cone beam CT, coloured and edited in ColorMapEditor®), and the plastic tooth presented the best possible match to the extracted tooth. The participants were asked to rate the appearance of the virtual teeth (overall and in terms of caries, restoration and colours), whether the virtual or plastic teeth resembled the extracted teeth better and from which teeth they expected to learn the most (extracted, virtual or plastic).ResultsEach group of participants found that the virtual teeth resembled the extracted teeth more than they resembled the plastic teeth; 71% of the participants expected to learn more from the virtual teeth than from the plastic teeth.ConclusionThe results show that the appearance of the virtual teeth was considered more realistic than the appearance of the plastic teeth. The expectation was that the learning opportunities of the virtual teeth are better than of the plastic teeth.
Negative density dependence of seed dispersal and seedling recruitment in a Neotropical palm
Authors: Jansen Patrick A. , Visser Marco D. , Joseph Wright S. , Rutten Gemma , Muller‐Landau Helene C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNegative density dependence (NDD) of recruitment is pervasive in tropical tree species. We tested the hypotheses that seed dispersal isNDD, due to intraspecific competition for dispersers, and that this contributes toNDDof recruitment. We compared dispersal in the palmAttalea butyraceaacross a wide range of population density on Barro Colorado Island in Panama and assessed its consequences for seed distributions. We found that frugivore visitation, seed removal and dispersal distance all declined with population density ofA. butyracea, demonstratingNDDof seed dispersal due to competition for dispersers. Furthermore, as population density increased, the distances of seeds from the nearest adult decreased, conspecific seed crowding increased and seedling recruitment success decreased, all patterns expected under poorer dispersal. Unexpectedly, however, our analyses showed thatNDDof dispersal did not contribute substantially to these changes in the quality of the seed distribution; patterns with population density were dominated by effects due solely to increasing adult and seed density.
An association analysis of the rs1572931 polymorphism of the RAB7L1 gene in Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple system atrophy in China
Authors: Guo X.‐Y. , Chen Y.‐P. , Song W. , Zhao B. , Cao B. , Wei Q.‐Q. , Ou R.‐W. , Yang Y. , Yuan L.‐X. , Shang H.‐F. 
Published: July 2014

Background and purposeRecently, the rs1572931 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the putative promoter of the member RAS oncogene family‐like 1 (RAB7L1) gene was reported to be associated with reduced risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Ethnic‐specific effects are an important consideration in genome‐wide association studies. Considering that the clinical manifestations and pathological characteristics overlap between PD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), the possible associations between the rs1572931 SNP and these three diseases were studied in the Chinese population.MethodsA total of 1011 PD patients, 778 sporadic ALS (SALS) patients, 264 MSA patients and 516 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. All subjects were genotyped for the rs1572931 SNP by using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in the genotype and minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs1572931 between PD and HC (P = 0.0001 and P = 1.08E‐04, respectively) and between late‐onset PD and matched controls (P = 0.0011 and P = 0.0002, respectively). However, no differences were observed between early‐onset PD and HC. The number of minor allele carriers was significantly lower in PD patients than in HC (P = 2.96E‐05, odds ratio 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.51–0.78). No differences were observed between groups with respect to sex, onset symptoms, absence or presence of cognition impairment, anxiety or depression. In addition, no differences were found in the genotype and MAF of rs1572931 between SALS and HC or between MSA and HC.ConclusionOur results suggest that rs1572931 decreases the risk for PD but not for ALS and MSA in the Chinese population. However, the polymorphism is unlikely to be a common cause of SALS and MSA in the Chinese population.
Group Effects and Background Color Patterns Affect the Exploratory Behavior of Tree Sparrows
Authors: Kuo Yen‐Min , Lee Ya‐Fu , Chu Wen‐Chen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractExploratory behavior serves the function of acquiring information when facing environmental uncertainty, thus plays an important role for animals living on patchy or ephemeral resources. Our study tested the hypothesis that exploratory behavior is affected by ecological factors associated with the risk of predation. We conducted experiments to examine exploration behavior of wild‐caught Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus) under the influences of background color patterns (white or camouflaged) and group sizes (single vs. five sparrows). We further conducted two‐pattern choice experiments and offered sparrows backgrounds combining those two color patterns. In comparisons with single sparrows, flocking sparrows had shorter landing latencies, started exploring sand patches earlier, spent less total time on the ground before pecking at the first patch and nearly successfully located and pecked all patches. In contrast, sparrows responded nearly indifferently to the two single‐pattern backgrounds; yet when given a choice, sparrows still favored the camouflaged portion in the two‐pattern backgrounds and first landed more frequently there. Twice as many patches were left untouched on the two‐pattern backgrounds, mostly by single sparrows, than on both types of single‐pattern backgrounds. In tests of flocks, sparrows that first landed on the ground to initiate exploration had a higher chance to also first explore a sand patch than random expectation on single‐pattern backgrounds, but not necessarily on two‐pattern backgrounds. Our results demonstrate context‐specific effects of social exploration, suggest possible influence of individual variation and offer evidence for advantages of group living in situations where explorers have to cope with environmental uncertainty.
Equine botulism: A clinical approach to diagnosis and management
Authors: Stratford C. H. , Mayhew I. G. , Hudson N. P. H. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBotulism is a syndrome of neuromuscular weakness caused by the toxins ofClostridium botulinum. Whilst it can affect most mammals, the horse appears to be one of the more susceptible species. Intoxication can occur via ingestion of preformed toxins in spoiled foodstuffs, ingestion of spores with colonisation in the intestinal tract or the contamination of wounds byC. botulinum. Food‐borne botulism is the most common worldwide, usually associated with spoiled roughage. Both individual cases and outbreaks have been reported, with generally a poor prognosis. Many affected horses succumb to recumbency and death/euthanasia shortly after onset of signs. Botulism should be considered a differential diagnosis for any horse displaying dysphagia or symmetrical neuromuscular weakness.
Sap‐feeding insects on forest trees along latitudinal gradients in northern Europe: a climate‐driven patterns
Authors: Kozlov Mikhail V. , Stekolshchikov Andrey V. , Söderman Guy , Labina Eugenia S. , Zverev Vitali , Zvereva Elena L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractKnowledge of the latitudinal patterns in biotic interactions, and especially in herbivory, is crucial for understanding the mechanisms that govern ecosystem functioning and for predicting their responses to climate change. We used sap‐feeding insects as a model group to test the hypotheses that the strength of plant–herbivore interactions in boreal forests decreases with latitude and that this latitudinal pattern is driven primarily by midsummer temperatures. We used a replicated sampling design and quantitatively collected and identified all sap‐feeding insects from four species of forest trees along five latitudinal gradients (750–1300 km in length, ten sites in each gradient) in northern Europe (59 to 70°N and 10 to 60°E) during 2008–2011. Similar decreases in diversity of sap‐feeding insects with latitude were observed in all gradients during all study years. The sap‐feeder load (i.e. insect biomass per unit of foliar biomass) decreased with latitude in typical summers, but increased in an exceptionally hot summer and was independent of latitude during a warm summer. Analysis of combined data from all sites and years revealed dome‐shaped relationships between the loads of sap‐feeders and midsummer temperatures, peaking at 17 °C in Picea abies, at 19.5 °C in Pinus sylvestris and Betula pubescens and at 22 °C in B. pendula. From these relationships, we predict that the losses of forest trees to sap‐feeders will increase by 0–45% of the current level in southern boreal forests and by 65–210% in subarctic forests with a 1 °C increase in summer temperatures. The observed relationships between temperatures and the loads of sap‐feeders differ between the coniferous and deciduous tree species. We conclude that climate warming will not only increase plant losses to sap‐feeding insects, especially in subarctic forests, but can also alter plant‐plant interactions, thereby affecting both the productivity and the structure of future forest ecosystems.
Distribution of the Sum of Distances to the First and Second Nearest Facilities
Authors: Miyagawa Masashi 
Published: July 2014

This article presents a derivation of the distribution of the sum of the distances to the first and second nearest facilities. Facilities are represented as points configured in regular and random patterns, and distance is measured as theEuclidean and rectilinear distances on a continuous plane. The sum of the distances represents the service level of facility location when customers are serviced by the first and second nearest facilities. Thus, the distribution of the sum is useful for facility location problems with nonclosest facility service. The distribution of the sum of road network distances also is calculated to evaluate the efficiency of actual facility locations.Este artículo presenta una derivación de la distribución de la suma de las distancias a la primera y segunda instalación más cercana. Las instalaciones son presentadas como puntos en configuraciones espaciales regulares y aleatorias, y la distancias son medidas usando el método euclidiano y el rectilínea sobre un plano continuo. La suma de las distancias representa el nivel de servicio en cada punto, en los casos en los que los clientes son atendidos en la instalación primera y segunda más cercana. El uso de la distribución de la suma de distancias es útil para resolver problemas de localización para casos en los que los clientes son atendidos por las instalaciones de servicios que nos son las más cercanas. Como demostración se calcula la distribución de la suma de las distancias de una red de carreteras para evaluar la eficiencia de la localización de instalaciones en un caso del mundo real.本文讨论了一种最邻近距离总和与次邻近设施距离总和分布情况的推导方法。具体设施以规则和随机两种模式的点状要素来表示，距离采用连续平面中的欧氏及直线距离测度。距离之和反映了最邻近及次邻近设施为用户提供该设施区位的服务水平。因此，距离和的分布在无最邻近设施服务的设施选址问题中具有参考价值。路网距离和的分布也可计算用于现有设施区位的效率评估。
Bisphosphonates, healthcare professionals and oral health
Authors: Raj Dasera V. , Abuzar Menaka , Borromeo Gelsomina L. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveGeneral medical and dental practitioner and pharmacists all encounter patients on bisphosphonates and as such require adequate knowledge regarding osteonecrosis of the jaw, a potential complication associated with its use. The cross‐sectional study investigated perceived implications of and attitudes towards bisphosphonate use in oral health among general medical and dental practitioners and pharmacists.Materials and methodsMedical and dental practitioners and pharmacists registered in Victoria, Australia, completed an online survey (SurveyMonkey©). Data analysis consisted of chi‐square tests with significance as p < 0.05.ResultsOne hundred and thirty six doctors (general medical practitioners, GMPs), 283 dentists (GDPs) and 26 pharmacists (PHs) participated. 70, 38 and 80%, respectively, reviewed patients prescribed bisphosphonates (BPs). GMPs (88%), GDPs (76%) and PHs (85%) were aware of osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ). GMPs (76%) and PHs (100%) advised patients to inform dentists. GMPs (45%) referred patients for dental assessments prior to commencing BPs with 71.9% of GDPs received such referrals. In terms of available information on oral health and BPs, GMPs (56%), GDPs (50%) and PH (53.8%) were either unsure any existed or reported receiving sufficient information.ConclusionsDiscrepancies exist amongst different healthcare professionals in terms of BP use and oral health, and common consensus guidelines are warranted.
Simulating Water‐Quality Trends in Public‐Supply Wells in Transient Flow Systems
Authors: Jeffrey Starn J. , Green Christopher T. , Hinkle Stephen R. , Bagtzoglou Amvrossios C. , Stolp Bernard J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractModels need not be complex to be useful. An existing groundwater‐flow model of Salt Lake Valley, Utah, was adapted for use with convolution‐based advective particle tracking to explain broad spatial trends in dissolved solids. This model supports the hypothesis that water produced from wells is increasingly younger with higher proportions of surface sources as pumping changes in the basin over time. At individual wells, however, predicting specific water‐quality changes remains challenging. The influence of pumping‐induced transient groundwater flow on changes in mean age and source areas is significant. Mean age and source areas were mapped across the model domain to extend the results from observation wells to the entire aquifer to see where changes in concentrations of dissolved solids are expected to occur. The timing of these changes depends on accurate estimates of groundwater velocity. Calibration to tritium concentrations was used to estimate effective porosity and improve correlation between source area changes, age changes, and measured dissolved solids trends. Uncertainty in the model is due in part to spatial and temporal variations in tracer inputs, estimated tracer transport parameters, and in pumping stresses at sampling points. For tracers such as tritium, the presence of two‐limbed input curves can be problematic because a single concentration can be associated with multiple disparate travel times. These shortcomings can be ameliorated by adding hydrologic and geologic detail to the model and by adding additional calibration data. However, the Salt Lake Valley model is useful even without such small‐scale detail.
Long Afterglow SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ Phosphors as Luminescent Down‐Shifting Layer for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Chunbo , Xuan Tongtong , Liu Jiaqing , Li Huili , Sun Zhuo 
Published: July 2014

SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphors can convert near ultraviolet light with lower sensitivity to the solar cell to yellow‐green light at which the solar cell has higher sensitivity and exhibit the excellent luminescent property of long persistence. Therefore, in this study, the authors firstly synthesized the fine SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphors and then produced SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+/SiO2 composite films as spectral shifters to understand the effects of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor on photoelectric conversion efficiencies of a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module. Under one sun illumination, the composite film containing an appropriate amount of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor enhances the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell through spectral down‐shifting as compared to the bare glass substrate, and the maximum achieves 11.12%. In contrast, the commercial SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor composite film is not effective for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency because of the relatively lower visible light transmittance of film caused by the large aggregates. After one sun illumination for 1 min, the light source was turned off, and the cell containing the synthesized SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor still shows an efficiency of 1.16% in the dark due to the irradiation by the long persistent light from SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+, which provides a possibility to fulfill the operation of solar cells even in the dark.
Consumer response to product construction: the role of haptic stimulation
Authors: Atakan Sukriye Sinem 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study investigates how consumers are affected by haptic information, that is, the information acquired through the sense of touch, when they take part in the construction or assembly of a product. In order to create value for consumers, marketers must understand how and why haptic information affects the evaluative processes of consumers and whether there are specific segments that are affected differentially by the process. An experimental design with two between‐subjects factors was used to examine consumers' responses to haptic stimulation during the physical construction of a picture frame. The results demonstrate that positive haptic stimulation evoked by the materials used in the product's construction results in an affective response and creates emotional attachment to the finished product. However, the effect is not generalizable to the general population. It depends on the level of autotelic (not functional) need for touch (NFT) that the consumer has. Consumers who have high autotelic NFT are more likely to become attached to and, consequently, enhance their evaluation of the finished product when the product materials used during the construction evoke a positive haptic stimulation.
Sensory and bio‐chemical preservation of ricotta cheese using natural products
Authors: Asensio Claudia M. , Gallucci Nicolás , Oliva María de las Mercedes , Demo Mirta S. , Grosso Nelson R. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and to study their preserving effect on quality and sensory parameters on flavoured ricotta cheese of Argentinean oregano essential oils (EOs). Criollo essential oil was the most effective agent controlling foodborne bacteria, with MIC values of 1.90 E‐04 mg mL−1 for S. aureus and Salmonella sp. Ricotta with Cordobes essential oil exhibited the lowest percentage of lactic acid at the end of the storage (0.246%). After 30 days of storage, ricotta flavoured with Cordobes and Criollo EOs had the lowest total count (5.63 × 103 and 7.80 × 103 cfu g−1, respectively). The Pearson's correlation analyses (P ≤ 0.05) showed that sour flavour was negatively related to cheese and casein flavours (r = −0.46 and −0.52, respectively). The inclusion of oregano EOs into ricotta cheese improves quality parameters but affects its sensory attributes.
Effect of superheated steam prefrying treatment on the quality of potato chips
Authors: Zielinska Magdalena , Błaszczak Wioletta , Devahastin Sakamon 
Published: July 2014

SummarySuperheated steam drying (SSD) was used as a prefrying treatment prior to deep‐fat frying for potato slices. The effect of SSD at 130, 150 or 180 °C and steam velocity of 2.0 m s−1 on the fat uptake, colour and texture of fried potato chips was evaluated; microstructure and degree of starch gelatinization were also evaluated to help explain the fat uptake results. SSD and frying yielded potato chips with the fat content from 0.263 ± 0.002 to 0.304 ± 0.002 kg kg−1 (d.b.), while frying without SSD led to chips with the fat content as high as 0.359 ± 0.003 kg kg−1 (d.b.). SSD did not promote starch gelatinization. Lower fat uptake was correlated to modified surface structure and lower moisture content of potato slices prior to frying. Frying with/without SSD pretreatment yielded potato chips of similar hardness, crispness and lightness. On the other hand, SSD significantly increased redness and yellowness of the fried chips.
Development of simple equations for effective screening of spurious hemolysis in whole‐blood specimens
Authors: Lippi G. , Pavesi F. , Avanzini P. , Chetta F. , Aloe R. , Pipitone S. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIntroductionWe aimed to identify simple but reliable indices for effective screening of spurious hemolysis in whole‐blood specimens.MethodsThirteen inpatient whole‐blood samples were divided in two aliquots. The former was left untreated, whereas the latter was mechanically hemolyzed by forced aspiration with an insulin syringe. All aliquots were tested on Siemens Advia 2120 and Sysmex XE‐2100. The hemolysis index (HI) was also assessed in centrifuged plasma.ResultsThe mechanical hemolysis generated a 4–40% decrease in red blood cells (RBCs). A statistically significant decrease was observed for hematocrit (Ht) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), whereas mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and platelet count were increased. The values of hemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cells remained substantially unchanged. Two specific equations ([Ht/Hb] × √MCV and [Ht/Hb] × 100) were developed. Both equations displayed an area under the curve of ≥0.99 for identifying spurious hemolysis, much greater than that of both RBC ghosts and immature platelet fraction. A highly significant correlation was also observed between results of these equations and percentage reduction in RBCs or HI increase.ConclusionProvided that these results will be confirmed in further studies, these equations may provide a reliable means for screening spurious hemolysis in whole‐blood samples.