bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between cerebral white matter hyperintensities and lower urinary tract function in a population based, geriatric cohort
Authors: Wehrberger Clemens , Jungwirth Susanne , Fischer Peter , Tragl Karl‐Heinz , Krampla Wolfgang , Marlies Wehrberger , Madersbacher Stephan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIntroductionWhite matter hyperintensities (WHM) in cerebral MRI‐scan have been suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis for geriatric LUTS. Aim of this study was to investigate this association in a geriatric cohort.Materials and MethodsThe VITA‐study is a prospective, population‐based study initiated 2000/2001. All inhabitants of a well‐defined area in Vienna aged 75 years were recruited and underwent detailed regular visits including cerebral MRI‐scans. Subcortical and periventricular WMHs were classified according to the Fazekas‐classification. In 2010, all subjects alive were contacted to complete the Bristol LUTS questionnaire.ResultsTwo hundred seventeen participants (75 men, 142 women), all 85 years old, entered this analysis. Urgency, frequency, and nocturia was present in 39 (50.7%), 53 (52%), and 55 (73.3%) men and 79 (55.6%), 81 (78.2%), and 68 (47.9%) women, respectively. OAB symptoms were seen in 55% of women and 50% of men. At baseline, WMH were present in 68.2% and this percentage increased to 85.7% at the most recent follow‐up. Several symptoms were more prevalent in participants without WMH as compared to those with WMH, (urgency: 71% vs. 53%, P = 0.06, nocturia: 77% vs. 53%, P = 0.01: OAB‐symptoms: 71% vs. 51%, P = 0.05. Only frequency was more prevalent in participants with WMH (77% vs. 68%, P = 0.27). In general, sub‐categorization into periventricular and subcortical WMH confirmed these data. Furthermore the amount of WMH‐burden did not correlate to LUT dysfunction.ConclusionThis study failed to demonstrate a clear association between several aspects of LUTS and WMH in a rather healthy, population‐based 85‐year‐old cohort. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:431–436, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A spline‐based enrichment function for arbitrary inclusions in extended finite element method with applications to finite deformations
Authors: Benowitz Brett A. , Waisman Haim 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYA novel enrichment function, which can model arbitrarily shaped inclusions within the framework of the extended finite element method, is proposed. The internal boundary of an arbitrary‐shaped inclusion is first discretized, and a numerical enrichment function is constructed ‘on the fly’ using spline interpolation. We consider a piecewise cubic spline which is constructed from seven localized discrete boundary points. The enrichment function is then determined by solving numerically a nonlinear equation which determines the distance from any point to the spline curve. Parametric convergence studies are carried out to show the accuracy of this approach compared with pointwise and linear segmentation of points for the construction of the enrichment function in the case of simple inclusions and arbitrarily shaped inclusions in linear elasticity. Moreover, the viability of this approach is illustrated on a neo‐Hookean hyperelastic material with a hole undergoing large deformation. In this case, the enrichment is able to adapt to the deformation and effectively capture the correct response without remeshing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship of food addiction to weight loss and attrition during obesity treatment
Authors: Lent Michelle R. , Eichen Dawn M. , Goldbacher Edie , Wadden Thomas A. , Foster Gary D. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveThe relationship between food addiction (FA) and weight and attrition outcomes in overweight and obese adults participating in weight loss interventions were prospectively examined in this study.Design and MethodsParticipants were 178 adults (51.2 ± 11.7 y, 36.1 ± 4.8 kg/m2) in one of two outpatient weight loss treatment programs for approximately 6 months. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) assessed FA diagnosis and symptom count. The relationship between FA and weight loss and attrition was assessed.ResultsAfter controlling for treatment arm, gender, and baseline weight, there was no effect of FA status on weight loss (P = 0.17) or attrition (P = 0.37). Similarly, baseline FA symptom count was not associated with weight loss (P = 0.14) or attrition (P = 0.10).ConclusionsNeither FA status nor symptom count affects weight loss or attrition during weight loss treatment.
Viral political communication and readability: an analysis of an Italian political blog
Authors: Bigi Alessandro 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe Internet is widely used by political parties to report events and to send messages to the voting population. Politicians used digital media (websites, blogs, bulletin boards/lists, and chat/instant messaging) in recent elections, together with traditional media (television, newspapers, rallies, etc.). Political blogs represent not only an additional communication channel but also an instrument for spreading editorial content and messages, virally infecting more traditional media channels. A key task for any political party or politician is to make the blog understandable and easy to read as a first step to ignite and spread the right viral effect. To reach this goal, writers must consider both their content and their target audience. This article measures the readability of the text of a political blog to provide insight on the effectiveness of viral communication using blogs. The Beppegrillo.it blog was analyzed from January 2005 to May 2012 and is a unique example of a political blog using a single official media. This blog switched in the period of the study from being a personal blog to a political blog. The posts were divided into two different phases: the former were intended to discuss political topics and were written by a not‐yet‐political contributor; the latter were posts written by an active politician. Content analysis using simple word and sentence counts for every year of posts was undertaken, along with a readability analysis using the Microsoft Word Spelling and Grammar function, and both the Gunning Fog Index and the Gulpease Index. The two different phases were compared to determine if any change occurred in readability, complexity of the text, and volume of communication. In this way, we can explore the differences in the communication techniques used in the political field unofficially and then officially. Finally, our findings indicate that levels of readability of communications, particularly among broad‐based audiences, may be deteriorating significantly when the blog becomes a political one and the communication becomes more institutional. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuation therapy for mania: a survey of psychiatrists' current practice
Authors: Young Allan H , Macritchie Karine AN 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDuring the Lundbeck satellite symposium at the 12th Latest Advances in Psychiatry meeting in March, Professor Young and Dr Macritchie conducted an audience survey to assess current practice with regard to the duration of continuation treatment following an episode of mania among psychiatrists and the factors that might influence it. This report summarises the main findings of the survey.
Shocks and Coping Strategies in the Urban Squatter Settlements of San Salvador
Authors: Échevin Damien , Tejerina Luis 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article provides an assessment of shocks and coping strategies in the urban squatter settlements of San Salvador. Using a multi‐shocks household survey, it is shown that shocks like flooding, landslide, increase in food prices, insecurity, and illness or serious casualty prevail in these areas. Regression results show no significant effects of shocks on current consumption, which may indicate the existence of household consumption‐smoothing behavior. Hence, although coping responses to shocks may be efficient in the short term, covariate shocks may have adverse effects on well‐being in the longer run, especially if households decide to lower food, health, or education expenditures. Indeed, behavior‐based strategies appear to be very common when the shock is an increase in food prices, whereas assistance‐based strategies are more common when households are hit by flooding or landslide.
The Food Stamps Program and Economic Security Among Low‐Income Families, Part II: The Effects of Labor and Income
Authors: Wagle Udaya R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article is the second part of the analysis on this title, the first of which was published in issue 4.4 of this journal. Using a combination of family‐level micro data and state‐level macro indicators, the goal is to examine the roles of the Food Stamps Program (FSP) in promoting economic security during 2004 and 2007. To account for endogeneity and self‐selection bias likely in models of labor supply, income, and poverty using survey data, panel data models are estimated by instrumenting FSP receipts with TANF receipts at the family level and FSP participation rates at a specific geographic level. While substantiating the widely recognized work‐disincentive effects of FSP, results support its income‐enhancing effects on one hand and poverty‐increasing effects on the other. These seemingly contradictory results reaffirm that FSP supports are typically inadequate to make a significant dent in the economic insecurity of poor families even though they help promote economic security among low‐income but non‐poor families.
A compound‐based computational approach for the accurate determination of hot spots
Authors: Wang Lincong , Hou Yaqin , Quan Haihua , Xu Weiwei , Bao Yongli , Li Yuxin , Fu Yuan , Zou Shuxue 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA plethora of both experimental and computational methods have been proposed in the past 20 years for the identification of hot spots at a protein–protein interface. The experimental determination of a protein–protein complex followed by alanine scanning mutagenesis, though able to determine hot spots with much precision, is expensive and has no guarantee of success while the accuracy of the current computational methods for hot‐spot identification remains low. Here, we present a novel structure‐based computational approach that accurately determines hot spots through docking into a set of proteins homologous to only one of the two interacting partners of a compound capable of disrupting the protein–protein interaction (PPI). This approach has been applied to identify the hot spots of human activin receptor type II (ActRII) critical for its binding toward Cripto‐I. The subsequent experimental confirmation of the computationally identified hot spots portends a potentially accurate method for hot‐spot determination in silico given a compound capable of disrupting the PPI in question. The hot spots of human ActRII first reported here may well become the focal points for the design of small molecule drugs that target the PPI. The determination of their interface may have significant biological implications in that it suggests that Cripto‐I plays an important role in both activin and nodal signal pathways.
Resistive switching characteristics of sol–gel based ZnO nanorods fabricated on flexible substrates
Authors: Park Soyun , Lee Jae Hyuk , Kim Hee‐Dong , Hong Seok Man , An Ho‐Myoung , Kim Tae Geun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe authors report the resistive switching characteristics of sol–gel based ZnO nanorods (NRs) fabricated on flexible substrates. A resistance ratio of 10, endurance of over 100 cycles, and narrower dispersion in the ON/OFF voltages and resistances compared to ZnO thin‐film devices are demonstrated. Furthermore, the resistive switching characteristics on flexible substrates are maintained under severe substrate bending because of the ductile properties of the nanorods. Devices composed of the Au/sol–gel based NRs/Au structure have the potential for low‐temperature flexible nonvolatile memory applications. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photodynamic oxidation of Staphylococcus warneri membrane phospholipids: new insights based on lipidomics
Authors: Alves Eliana , Melo Tânia , Simões Cláudia , Faustino Maria A. F. , Tomé João P. C. , Neves Maria G. P. M. S. , Cavaleiro José A. S. , Cunha Ângela , Gomes Newton C. M. , Domingues Pedro , Domingues M. Rosário M. , Almeida Adelaide 
Published: June 2013

RATIONALEThe photodynamic process involves the combined use of light and a photosensitizer, which, in the presence of oxygen, originates cytotoxic species capable of oxidizing biological molecules, such as lipids. However, the effect of the photodynamic process in the bacterial phospholipid profile by a photosensitizer has never been reported. A lipidomic approach was used to study the photodynamic oxidation of membrane phospholipids of Staphylococcus warneri by a tricationic porphyrin [5,10,15‐tris(1‐methylpyridinium‐4‐yl)‐20‐(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin triiodide, Tri‐Py+‐Me‐PF].METHODSS. warneri (108 colony forming units mL–1) was irradiated with white light (4 mW cm–2, 21.6 J cm–2) in the presence of Tri‐Py+‐Me‐PF (5.0 μM). Non‐photosensitized bacteria were used as control (irradiated without porphyrin). After irradiation, total lipids were extracted and separated by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC). Isolated fractions of lipid classes were quantified by phosphorus assay and analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS): off‐line TLC/ESI‐MS, hydrophilic interaction (HILIC)‐LC/MS and MS/MS.RESULTSThe most representative classes of S. warneri phospholipids were identified as phosphatidylglycerols (PGs) and cardiolipins (CLs). Lysyl‐phosphatidylglycerols (LPGs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidic acids (PAs) were also identified. After photodynamic treatment, an overall increase in the relative abundance of PGs was observed as well as the appearance of new oxidized species from CLs, including hydroxy and hydroperoxy derivatives. Formation of high amounts of lipid hydroperoxides was confirmed by FOX2 assay. Photodynamic oxidation of phospholipid standards revealed the formation of hydroperoxy and dihydroperoxy derivatives, confirming the observed CL oxidized species in S. warneri.CONCLUSIONSMembrane phospholipids of S. warneri are molecular targets of the photoinactivation process induced by Tri‐Py+‐Me‐PF. The overall modification in the relative amount of phospholipids and the formation of lipid hydroxides and hydroperoxides indicate the lethal damage caused to photosensitized bacterial cells. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Argumentative Task Goal on the Quality of Argumentative Discourse
Authors: GARCIA‐MILA MERCE , GILABERT SANDRA , ERDURAN SIBEL , FELTON MARK 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn argumentative discourse, there are two kinds of activity–dispute and deliberation–that depend on the argumentative task goal. In dispute the goal is to defend a conclusion by undermining alternatives, whereas in deliberation the goal is to arrive at a conclusion by contrasting alternatives. In this study, we examine the impact of these tasks goals on the quality of argumentative discourse. Sixty‐five junior high school students were organized into dyads to discuss sources of energy. Dyads were formed by members who had differing viewpoints and were distributed to one of two conditions: 31 dyads were asked to discuss with the goal to persuade the partner, and 34 were asked to reach consensus. Argumentation was analyzed using a schema based on Toulmin (1958). Eleven different argumentative structures resulted from the combination of Toulmin's basic elements. Students in the consensus group scored significantly higher than students in the persuasion group in 5/6 argumentative structures that included rebuttals. The major implication of the present work is that, similar to Mercer's (2000) claim about types of classroom conversation, not all classroom argumentation tasks promote scientific reasoning equally. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 97:497–523, 2013
The Relationship Between Time Allocated for Science in Elementary Schools and State Accountability Policies
Authors: JUDSON EUGENE 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn the United States, student achievement results from mathematics and reading are always included in high‐stakes accountability calculations. Because of this, it has been argued that other subjects have been minimized due to assessment and accountability policies. In this study, the accountability practices of states were differentiated into three groups based on the degree to which science achievement contributed to accountability formulas. Data from National Assessment of Educational Progress Teacher Questionnaires were evaluated to assess the amount of time fourth‐grade teachers devoted to mathematics and reading in 2003 and 2011, as well as to science in 2005 and 2009. Teachers from the three groups of states reported spending equivalent amounts of time on mathematics and reading. However, the frequency of teachers reporting spending at least 4 hours of weekly instructional time on science was significantly higher in states that integrated fourth‐grade science achievement into accountability formulas versus states where science did not figure in high‐stakes accountability. Implications of this significant difference are discussed and are related to states’ applications to receive waivers from No Child Left Behind and to alignment with the goals of the Next Generation Science Standards. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 97:621–636, 2013
Love It or Leave It: Norwegian Students’ Motivations and Expectations for Postcompulsory Physics
Authors: BØE MARIA VETLESETER , HENRIKSEN ELLEN KAROLINE 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn response to insufficient participation and female underrepresentation in physics education, this article uses questionnaire data from Norwegian physics students in upper secondary (N = 585) and first‐year tertiary (N = 278) education to characterize the “physics choosers.” An expectancy‐value perspective is adopted to describe the motivations and expectations behind the respondents’ physics choice. Three choice profiles were identified among secondary students. The intrinsic and extrinsic profile, broadly motivated by interest‐enjoyment, expectation of success, and utility for university admission; the extrinsic profile emphasizing mainly utility; and the intrinsic profile emphasizing mainly interest‐enjoyment. Females were underrepresented in the intrinsic profile. Many secondary students did not know what kind of job they wanted, but those who did, aspired to go into medicine (particularly females) or engineering (particularly males). Tertiary students were motivated by a passion for physics and high expectation of enjoyment, and many of them planned to go into research. Tertiary students were more likely than secondary students to value idealistic purposes in a future career. The results imply that participation in physics may be improved by targeting students with a broader motivation than interest alone, through inclusive classroom practices, support of students’ self‐concepts, and examples of physics applications and physics‐related careers available. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 97:550–573, 2013
Publishing and sharing encrypted data with potential friends in online social networks
Authors: Shuai Huimin , Zhu Wen Tao , Liu Xin 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTMaking friends by publishing and sharing personal data in a special interest group has become popular in online social networks. Data security is a major concern, as digital content can be easily accessed from all over the Internet, and the online social network service provider is often for profit and semi‐trusted. The standard solution to data security is encryption, but sharing of encrypted data then becomes a challenging task. In this paper, employing attribute‐based encryption (ABE), we propose Masque+, a novel hierarchical and fine‐grained access control mechanism. On the basis of key policy ABE, the service provider manages users on the system level, but without being able to access their sensitive data. On the basis of ciphertext policy ABE, members of an interest group may customize their own access policies specifically. Masque+ features pragmatic functionalities like user revocation on the system level and the group level, respectively. We also build a prototype to validate the cryptographic algorithms involved in Masque+ and evaluate their performances. Real experimental data show that Masque+ incurs fairly reasonable costs even in cases where the access control policy is significantly complex. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoxia induces re-entry of committed cells into pluripotency
Authors: Mathieu Julie , Zhang Zhan , Nelson Angelique , Lamba Deepak A. , Reh Thomas A. , Ware Carol , Ruohola-Baker Hannele 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Adult stem cells reside in hypoxic niches, and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from a low oxygen environment. However, it is not clear whether hypoxia is critical for stem cell fate since for example human ESCs (hESCs) are able to self-renew in atmospheric oxygen concentrations as well. We now show that hypoxia can govern cell fate decisions since hypoxia alone can revert hESC- or iPSC-derived differentiated cells back to a stem cell-like state, as evidenced by re-activation of an Oct4-promoter reporter. Hypoxia-induced “de-differentiated” cells also mimic hESCs in their morphology, long-term self-renewal capacity, genome-wide mRNA and miRNA profiles, Oct4 promoter methylation state, cell surface markers TRA1–60 and SSEA4 expression, and capacity to form teratomas. These data demonstrate that hypoxia can influence cell fate decisions and could elucidate hypoxic niche function.
MicroRNA-200C and -150 play an important role in endothelial cell differentiation and vasculogenesis by targeting transcription repressor ZEB1
Authors: Luo Zhenling , Wen Guanmei , Wang Gang , Pu Xiangyuan , Ye Shu , Xu Qingbo , Wang Wen , Xiao Qingzhong 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
To investigate the role of miRNA in controlling human embryonic stem (hES) cell differentiation toward the endothelial lineage and chick embryonic blood vessel formation, undifferentiated hES cells were first cultured on Matrigel-coated flasks and in endothelial cell growth medium-2 (EGM-2) to initiate endothelial cell (EC) differentiation. CD146+ cells were isolated from differentiating hES cells and expanded in vitro. The in vitro expanded CD146+ cells were positive for EC markers, capable of Ac-LDL uptake, lectin binding, and the formation of vascular structures in vitro and in vivo. miRNA gain/loss-of-function analyses revealed that miR-150 and miR-200c were crucial in EC differentiation. Transcriptional repressor zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) was identified as the communal target gene of miRNA-200C and −150, and inhibition of ZEB1 was required for miRNA-200C or −150 mediated EC gene expressions. Moreover, we demonstrated that ZEB1 could transcriptionally repress EC gene expression through direct binding to promoters of EC genes. Finally, we also demonstrated that miRNA-200c and −150 played an important role in chick embryonic blood vessel formation by in vivo inhibition of miRNA-200C or −150 in developing chick embryos, and blocking ZEB1 signaling in CD146-positive cells could rescue the inhibitory effects of miR-200c inhibiton in in vivo vasculogenesis. Our findings revealed that miR-150 and miR-200c play an important role in human endothelial lineage specification and chick embryonic vasculogenesis by targeting ZEB1.