bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten Years of Search and Rescue in Yosemite National Park: Examining the Past for Future Prevention
Authors: Boore Stacy M. , Bock Dov 
Published: December 2012

Objective To identify trends in demographics of search and rescue incidents in Yosemite National Park and to ascertain patient opinions regarding incident prevention. Methods Retrospective data on backcountry incidents from Yosemite Search and Rescue Patient Care Reports from 2000 to 2009 was examined, and a statistical description of data was completed to determine patient demographics. Patients assisted in the backcountry from 2007 to 2009 were surveyed, and a statistical description of data elicited factors that contributed to the incident. Results Yosemite Search and Rescue received 1088 backcountry medical calls in 10 years. Of these calls, 55% of patients were male, 46% of incidents occurred while hiking on a trail, and extremity pain was the chief complaint in 53% of cases. The gender of patients was found to be associated with the activity causing the incident. Patient surveys reported that 79% of incidents occurred on clear days, 13% of patients felt that better gear would have helped prevent the incident, and 14.4% of patients felt they were underprepared. Fifty-four percent of patients reported that they were experts at the activity they were participating in. Appropriate footwear and sufficient water were suggested by most patients as items that would have prevented or minimized the incident. Conclusions Many patients reported that they were experienced, well-prepared, and physically fit at the time of the incident. An educational effort regarding appropriate gear, trail conditions, and patient demographics may help decrease injury and illness in the Yosemite backcountry in the future.
EVIDENCE AND INTUITION
Authors: Cath Yuri 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMany philosophers accept a view – what I will call the intuition picture – according to which intuitions are crucial evidence in philosophy. Recently, Williamson (2004, 2007: ch. 1) has argued that such views are best abandoned because they lead to a psychologistic conception of philosophical evidence that encourages scepticism about the armchair judgements relied upon in philosophy. In this paper I respond to this criticism by showing how the intuition picture can be formulated in such a way that: (i) it is consistent with a wide range of views about not only philosophical evidence but also the nature of evidence in general, including Williamson's famous view that E = K; (ii) it can maintain the central claims about the nature and role of intuitions in philosophy made by proponents of the intuition picture; (iii) it does not collapse into Williamson's own deflationary view of the nature and role of intuitions in philosophy; and (iv) it does not lead to scepticism.
The effect of albumen removal before incubation (embryonic protein under-nutrition) on the post-hatch performance, regulators of protein translation activation and proteolysis in neonatal broilers
Authors: Everaert Nadia , Métayer-Coustard Sonia , Willemsen Hilke , Han Haitang , Song Zhigang , Ansari Zarbakht , Decuypere Eddy , Buyse Johan , Tesseraud Sophie 
Published: December 2012

Albumen was removed from broiler eggs before the start of incubation to induce prenatal protein under-nutrition in chicken embryos. With this method, the direct effect of protein deficiency was investigated, differing from mammalian models manipulating the maternal diet where indirect, hormonal effects can interfere. Based on the estimated albumen/egg weight ratio, 10 % of albumen was removed with an 18G needle, after making a hole at the sharp end of the egg with another 18G needle. Eggs were taped thereafter. The sham group underwent the same procedure, except that no albumen was removed. Control eggs did not receive any treatment. The removal of albumen decreased both embryonic and post-hatch body weight up to day 7 compared with the control group. On embryonic day 18, embryos from the albumen-deprived group had higher plasma uric acid levels compared with the sham (P= 0·016) and control (P= 0·009) groups. Moreover, a lower plasma amino acid concentration was observed at hatch compared with the sham (P= 0·038) and control (P= 0·152) groups. These findings indicate an altered protein metabolism. At hatch, a higher mRNA expression of muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1), a gene related to proteolysis, was observed in albumen-deprived chicks compared with the control and sham chicks, together with an up-regulated expression of atrogin-1 (another atrogene) at this time point in the male protein-deficient chicks. These findings suggest that muscle proteolysis is transiently increased by the removal of albumen before the start of incubation. No evidence was found for altered protein synthesis capacity and translational efficiency in albumen-deprived chicks.
Himma on the Free-Will Argument: a critical response
Authors: KRAAL ANDERS 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn two recent articles in this journal Kenneth Himma has launched an attack on what he describes as the ‘two versions’ of the Free-Will Argument, the first of which he describes as ‘the standard’ version and the second of which he identifies with Plantinga's Free-Will Defence in God, Freedom, and Evil (1974). In this article I argue for three main claims: (i) that Himma's objections against ‘the standard’ Free-Will Argument are directed at a straw man; (ii) that Himma's critique of Plantinga's Free-Will Defence is based on a misunderstanding; and (iii) that Himma's critique nevertheless is relevant to Plantinga's relatively neglected ‘Quantitative Free-Will Defence’ (also found in Plantinga's God, Freedom, and Evil), but fails to undermine this further defence due to its reliance on the unjustified assumption that the afterlife is irrelevant to the problem of evil.
‘Inappropriate’ sexual behaviours in dementia
Authors: Ward Rosalind F , Manchip Simon 
Published: December 2012

SummaryHuman sexuality is a complex interaction of biological, social and emotional factors. When any or all of these factors are disrupted by a progressive dementia it is unsurprising that sexual ‘problems’ are identified. Most sexual behaviour ‘problems’ relate to expressions of normal sexuality complicated by changes in relationships, care needs and cognitive function, and complex ethical and legal considerations emerge. Rarely, new and severe hypersexual or paraphilic behaviours arise de novo, usually due to damage to certain brain areas, and sometimes due to medication side-effects, psychiatric disorder or delirium. Evidence and approaches to assess and to manage sexual behaviour problems in dementia are discussed.
Breakthrough at Stalingrad: The Repressed Soviet Origins of a Bestselling West German War Tale
Authors: HELLBECK JOCHEN 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe article delves into the concealed origins of Heinrich Gerlach's 1957 Stalingrad novel. A German veteran and former Soviet POW, Gerlach claimed to have recovered the memory of his wartime experience through hypnosis, after the original script, which he wrote in captivity, was confiscated by Soviet authorities. The author discovered this manuscript, believed lost, in Russian archives. It reveals how Soviet political re-education efforts prompted Gerlach to compose a memoir revolving around questions of personal complicity and guilt in German wartime crimes. Gerlach removed these soul-searching passages, as well as any reference to the Soviet origins of his memoir, from the published novel, which he presented as a self-generated inquiry into the tragedy of German soldiers abandoned by Hitler.
Fascism as a Transnational Movement: The Case of Inter-War Alsace
Authors: GOODFELLOW SAMUEL HUSTON 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe idea of fascism spread quickly and transnationally in the inter-war era. Fascist groups identified themselves as sharing fundamental characteristics and ideas. At the same time, they distorted fascism for their own purposes, adapting it to their specific contexts. As a border region, Alsace provides a number of examples of fascist groups claiming solidarity with fascism, yet distinguishing themselves from each other. Looking at fascism as a transnational phenomenon provides insight into the evolution of fascist ideology and will help explain why it is so difficult to define.
Changes in Naming and Semantic Abilities With Aging From 50 to 90 years
Authors: Verhaegen Clémence , Poncelet Martine 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether naming difficulties arise in individuals as young as their 50s. Participants of 25–35, 50–59, 60–69, and above 70 years of age were given a picture naming task. To uncover subtle naming difficulties, latencies were analyzed in addition to accuracy. To control whether the expected slower naming latencies could be due to a general slowing affecting all cognitive tasks, participants were also given an odd/even judgment task to assess cognitive processing speed. The results confirmed that participants in their 50s presented decline in naming performance, reflected by an increase in naming latencies, whereas adults in their 60s and their 70s showed both a decrease in accuracy and an increase in latency. Moreover, the increase in naming latencies remained significant even after controlling for odd/even judgment latencies, suggesting a degradation specific to the picture naming task. We assumed that these slower latencies may result from a language-specific impairment. As a further test for language-specific degradation, participants’ semantic capacities were also assessed with a synonym judgment task and the Pyramids and Palm Trees test. The above-70 group showed semantic degradation. The contributions of multiple factors to naming difficulties in aging are discussed. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–8)
A cluster-randomised controlled trial of a school-based fruit and vegetable intervention: Project Tomato
Authors: Evans Charlotte EL , Ransley Joan K , Christian Meaghan S , Greenwood Darren C , Thomas James D , Cade Janet E 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to determine whether a multi-component school-based intervention can maintain children's fruit and vegetable intake post eligibility for free school fruit and vegetables.DesignA random sample of fifty-four English primary schools was randomised to receive the 10-month intervention Project Tomato, a multi-component theory-based intervention, or the control. Each group consisted of twenty-seven schools.SettingChildren's intake of fruit and vegetables is below recommendations. The English School Fruit and Vegetable Scheme has a short-term impact on intake while children are eligible for the scheme.SubjectsDietary measurements were collected from 658 Year 2 pupils aged 7–8 years at baseline and at follow-up 20 months later.ResultsFollowing an intention to treat analysis, the intervention as delivered compared with the control had no impact on the intake of fruit and vegetables (2 g/d, 95 % CI −23, 26 g/d) or on the number of portions of fruit (0·0 portions, 95 % CI −0·3, 0·3) or vegetables (0·0 portions, 95 % CI −0·2, 0·3) consumed daily by children. Intake of fruit and vegetables at school and home dropped by ∼100 g/d and 50 g/d, respectively, between baseline and follow-up in both the intervention and control groups.ConclusionsImplementation of the intervention was low, with associated lack of impact on fruit and vegetable consumption in children. Alternatives to the delivery of an intervention by teachers and parents are needed to improve the dietary intake of primary-school children.
Gene × environment interactions in the prediction of response to antidepressant treatment
Authors: Klengel Torsten , Binder Elisabeth B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is responsible for an increasing individual and global health burden. Extensive research on the genetic disposition to develop MDD and to predict the response to antidepressant treatment has yet failed to identify strong genetic effects. The concept of gene × environment interaction takes into account that environmental factors have been identified as important components in the development of MDD and combines both, genetic predisposition and environmental exposure, to elucidate complex traits such as MDD. Here, we review the current research on gene × environment interactions with regard to the development of MDD as well as response to antidepressant treatment. We hypothesize that gene × environment interactions delineate specific biological subtypes of depression and that individuals with such pathophysiological distinct types of depression will likely respond to different treatments. The elucidation of gene × environment interactions may thus not only help to understand the pathophysiology of MDD but could also provide markers for a personalized antidepressant therapy.
Soil gas radon emissions and volcanic activity at El Hierro (Canary Islands): The 2011‐2012 submarine eruption
Authors: Padilla Germán D. , Hernández Pedro A. , Padrón Eleazar , Barrancos José , Pérez Nemesio M. , Melián Gladys , Nolasco Dácil , Dionis Samara , Rodríguez Fátima , Calvo David , Hernández Iñigo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSoil gas Radon ( 222Rn) and Thoron ( 220Rn) activities have been continuously measured during the period of the recent volcanic unrest that occurred at El Hierro, Canary Islands, at two different monitoring stations, namely HIE02 and HIE03. Significant increases in soil 222Rn activity and 222Rn/220Rn ratio from the soil were observed at both stations prior to the 2011‐2012 submarine eruption off the coast of El Hierro, showing the highest increases before the eruption onset and before the occurrence of the strongest seismic event (M = 4.6). Statistical analysis showed that the long‐term temporal trend of filtered radon data matched closely that of seismic energy release during the volcanic unrest. The observed increases of 222Rn are related to the rock fracturing processes (seismic activity) and the magmatic CO2 outflow increase, as observed in HIE03 station.
Clustering of GPS velocities in the Mojave Block, southeastern California
Authors: Savage J. C. , Simpson R. W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe find subdivisions within the Mojave Block using cluster analysis to identify groupings in the velocities observed at GPS stations there. The clusters are represented on a fault map by symbols located at the positions of the GPS stations, each symbol representing the cluster to which the velocity of that GPS station belongs. Fault systems that separate the clusters are readily identified on such a map. The most significant representation as judged by the gap test involves 4 clusters within the Mojave Block. The fault systems bounding the clusters from east to west are 1) the faults defining the eastern boundary of the Northeast Mojave Domain extended southward to connect to the Hector Mine rupture, 2) the Calico‐Paradise fault system, 3) the Landers‐Blackwater fault system, and 4) the Helendale‐Lockhart fault system. This division of the Mojave Block is very similar to that proposed by Meade and Hager []. However, no cluster boundary coincides with the Garlock Fault, the northern boundary of the Mojave Block. Rather, the clusters appear to continue without interruption from the Mojave Block north into the southern Walker Lane Belt, similar to the continuity across the Garlock Fault of the shear zone along the Blackwater‐Little Lake fault system observed by Peltzer et al. []. Mapped traces of individual faults in the Mojave Block terminate within the block and do not continue across the Garlock Fault [Dokka and Travis, ].
Service Delivery Models Used With Adolescents: A Pilot Study
Authors: Salley Shannon Wade 
Published: December 2012

Purpose: I surveyed ASHA-certified speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working in Virginia public schools to determine current practices used to treat the adolescent population.Method: I used survey methodology to gather data. The survey was researcher-developed and focused on service delivery models used by SLPs working in the public school system in the state of Virginia.Results: Results from this study revealed that SLPs who work in the public school system in Virginia continue to predominantly use traditional methods when serving adolescents.Conclusions: Traditional models have proven less effective, and therefore, the development of different service delivery models—collaborative models, integrated models, and peer models—to help teach and reinforce content area material has been necessary. Implementing these new models has proved challenging. Therefore, the traditional pull-out model appears to be the service delivery model that SLPs continue to use when working with the adolescent population.
Trends in Detection Rates of Risky Marijuana Use in Colorado Health Care Settings
Authors: Richmond Melissa K. , Page Katie , Rivera Laura S. , Reimann Brie , Fischer Leigh 
Published: December 2012

Background Over the past several years, many states, including Colorado, have approved medical marijuana legislation. There is concern that increased access to and visibility of medical marijuana may lead to harmful use. Methods This study examined changes in patients’ marijuana use in 12 health care settings through a statewide screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) initiative. Results Beginning in 2009, the odds of screening positive for risk-prone marijuana use significantly increased, coinciding with dramatic increases in use of Colorado's medical marijuana program. Young males were most likely to screen positive. Among users, there was a small, statistically significant increase in severity of use over time. Conclusions Findings suggest that health care providers may be serving increasing numbers of patients using marijuana for medical or recreational perposes.
Control of Flavobacterium psychrophilum: Tests of Erythromycin, Streptomycin, Osmotic and Thermal Shocks, and Rapid pH Change
Authors: Oplinger Randall W. , Wagner Eric J. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the etiological agent that causes bacterial coldwater disease, has been implicated in significant reductions in the numbers of salmonids reared at fish hatcheries. In this study, we performed a series of in vitro experiments to test the effectiveness of rapid temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure changes in killing three strains of the bacterium. We also evaluated the effectiveness of antibiotics (erythromycin, streptomycin, and a penicillin–streptomycin mixture) against F. psychrophilum. The bacterium tolerated temperatures of 40–50°C for up to 30 min (when acclimated to 15°C). The bacterium can survive lower temperatures for &gt;60 min. Although temperatures ≥55°C appeared to kill F. psychrophilum on contact, we found that eyed eggs of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were not able to survive short (&lt;60-s) exposures at these temperatures. We found that rapid changes in pH (15-min exposures to pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0, 10.0, and 11.0) and osmotic pressure (15-min exposures to 0, 6, 8, 10, 12% sodium chloride) were not effective at killing the bacterium. Erythromycin concentrations up to 2,000 mg/L for 15 min were also ineffective. However, streptomycin concentrations ≥5,000 mg/L killed the bacterium during a 15-min exposure. The combination of penicillin and streptomycin was also effective, killing the bacterium at doses as low as 2.5 × 106 IU penicillin + 2,500 mg/L streptomycin. Our trials demonstrate that elevated temperatures and the combination of penicillin and streptomycin can kill F. psychrophilum under in vitro conditions. Erythromycin and rapid changes in pH and osmotic pressure are not effective at killing the bacterium.
Received February 9, 2012; accepted August 6, 2012
Computational modelling of LY303511 and TRAIL-induced apoptosis suggests dynamic regulation of cFLIP
Authors: Shi Yuan , Mellier Gregory , Huang Sinong , White Jacob , Pervaiz Shazib , Tucker-Kellogg Lisa 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Motivation: TRAIL has been widely studied for the ability to kill cancer cells selectively, but its clinical usefulness has been hindered by the development of resistance. Multiple compounds have been identified that sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The drug LY303511 (LY30), combined with TRAIL, caused synergistic (greater than additive) killing of multiple cancer cell lines. We used mathematical modelling and ordinary differential equations to represent how LY30 and TRAIL individually affect HeLa cells, and to predict how the combined treatment achieves synergy.
Results: Model-based predictions were compared with in vitro experiments. The combination treatment model was successful at mimicking the synergistic levels of cell death caused by LY30 and TRAIL combined. However, there were significant failures of the model to mimic upstream activation at early time points, particularly the slope of caspase-8 activation. This flaw in the model led us to perform additional measurements of early caspase-8 activation. Surprisingly, caspase-8 exhibited a transient decrease in activity after LY30 treatment, prior to strong activation. cFLIP, an inhibitor of caspase-8 activation, was up-regulated briefly after 30 min of LY30 treatment, followed by a significant down-regulation over prolonged exposure. A further model suggested that LY30-induced fluctuation of cFLIP might result from tilting the ratio of two key species of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Computational modelling extracted novel biological implications from measured dynamics, identified time intervals with unexplained effects, and clarified the non-monotonic effects of the drug LY30 on cFLIP during cancer cell apoptosis.
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Contact: LisaTK@nus.edu.sg or Shazib_Pervaiz@nuhs.edu.sg
A decision‐analytic Markov model to compare the cost–utility of anterior repair augmented with synthetic mesh compared with non‐mesh repair in women with surgically treated prolapse
Authors: Jacklin P , Duckett J 
Published: December 2012

Objectives  To assess the cost‐effectiveness of a mesh‐augmented anterior vaginal wall repair compared with a non‐mesh fascial plication repair.Design  Cost–utility analysis.Setting  Data for outcomes of different surgical techniques were derived from systematic reviews and recent publications.Methods  A decision‐analytic Markov model, developed in TreeAge Pro 2007®, was used to compare the cost–utility of mesh and non‐mesh anterior vaginal wall repairs. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess the impact of different scenarios and assumptions on results from the model.Main outcome measure  Health outcomes were expressed in terms of quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs).Results  Under base case assumptions at 5 years, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) for mesh‐augmented anterior repairs was £15 million per QALY. Sensitivity analysis found no plausible model inputs that could make a mesh repair cost‐effective by conventional criteria. This was mostly because of the extra costs associated with the price of the mesh, treating mesh erosion and difficulty finding data that support a lower reoperation rate for mesh anterior wall repairs.Conclusions  This model suggests that the use of mesh is not cost‐effective.