bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a cooking skills programme in parents of young children – a longitudinal study
Authors: Garcia Ada L , Vargas Elisa , Lam Po S , Shennan David B , Smith Fiona , Parrett Alison 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate longitudinally the effectiveness of a cooking programme on self-reported confidence about cooking skills and food consumption patterns in parents of young children.DesignAn evaluation of cooking programmes delivered by National Health Service (NHS) community food workers using a single group pre-test/post-test repeated measures design. A shortened version of a validated questionnaire at baseline, post intervention and 1-year follow-up determined confidence in cooking using basic ingredients, following a simple recipe, tasting new foods, preparing and cooking new foods on consumption of ready meals, vegetables and fruit.SettingDeprived communities in Ayrshire and Arran, Scotland.SubjectsParents of nursery age children, 97 % were female and <45 years old.ResultsOne hundred and two participants had completed baseline and post-intervention questionnaires. Forty-four participants contacted by telephone completed a follow-up questionnaire. In participants who completed all questionnaires (n 44), median confidence in four aspects of cooking increased significantly from baseline to post intervention (P < 0·001) but was retained at 1-year follow-up only for following a simple recipe and preparing and cooking new foods. Improved food consumption patterns were reported from baseline to post intervention (ready-meal consumption reduced from 2-4 times/week to 1 time/week, P < 0·001; vegetable consumption increased from 5–6 times/week to 1 time/d, P < 0·001; fruit consumption increased from 5–6 times/week to 1 time/d, P < 0·001) and remained at 1-year follow-up.ConclusionsThe cooking programmes appeared to improve cooking confidence and food consumption patterns in the target group and some of these changes were retained after 1 year.
Genotype by environment interaction and neurodevelopment III. Focus on the child's broader social ecology
Authors: Bellani M. , Nobile M. , Bianchi V. , van Os J. , Brambilla P. 
Published: February 2013

In a short series of articles, we will review the evidence for genotype by environment interaction (G × E) in developmental psychopathology. We will focus specifically on the characteristics of types of exposure assessed with respect to both their methods and findings. This article aims to review the studies exploring the effects of the child's broader social ecology on child and adolescent internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, based on a G × E perspective.
The Benzodiazepine Diazepam Potentiates Responses of α1β2γ2L γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors Activated by either γ-Aminobutyric Acid or Allosteric Agonists
Authors: Li Ping , Eaton Megan M. , Steinbach Joe Henry , Akk Gustav 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background:
The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor is a target for several anesthetics, anticonvulsants, anxiolytics, and sedatives. Neurosteroids, barbiturates, and etomidate both potentiate responses to GABA and allosterically activate the receptor. We examined the ability of a benzodiazepine, diazepam, to potentiate responses to allosteric agonists.

Methods:
The GABA type A receptors were expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and studied using whole-cell and single-channel patch clamp. The receptors were activated by the orthosteric agonist GABA and allosteric agonists pentobarbital, etomidate, and alfaxalone.

Results:
Diazepam is equally potent at enhancing responses to orthosteric and allosteric agonists. Diazepam EC50s were 25 ± 4, 26 ± 6, 33 ± 6, and 26 ± 3 nm for receptors activated by GABA, pentobarbital, etomidate, and alfaxalone, respectively (mean ± SD, 5–6 cells at each condition). Mutations to the benzodiazepine-binding site (α1(H101C), γ2(R144C), γ2(R197C)) reduced or removed potentiation for all agonists, and an inverse agonist at the benzodiazepine site reduced responses to all agonists. Single-channel data elicited by GABA demonstrate that in the presence of 1 μm diazepam the prevalence of the longest open-time component is increased from 13 ± 7 (mean ± SD, n = 5 patches) to 27 ± 8% (n = 3 patches) and the rate of channel closing is decreased from 129 ± 28 s−1 to 47 ± 6 s−1 (mean±SD)

Conclusions:
We conclude that benzodiazepines do not act by enhancing affinity of the orthosteric site for GABA but rather by increasing channel gating efficacy. The results also demonstrate the presence of interactions between allosteric activators and potentiators, raising a possibility of effects on dosage requirements or changes in side effects.
Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease
Authors: Zhang Bingnan , Porto Anthony F. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:LIPA gene mutations result in deficiency of lysosomal acid lipase and present phenotypically as Wolman disease or cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) depending on the level of deficiency. Patients with CESD may often be misdiagnosed because symptoms may be nonspecific. Symptoms may present in infancy if there is complete loss of lysosomal acid lipase or in early childhood or adulthood when there is partial loss. The purpose of the present study is to review the literature for pediatric cases of CESD to better understand the phenotype of CESD.Methods:A PubMed search of all English‐language publications from 1966 through June 2012 for pediatric CESD case reports using the following key words CESD, fatty liver, and NAFLD was performed. All of the cases were reviewed and information regarding age, sex, presenting symptoms, and pertinent laboratory tests were recorded.Results:Seventy‐one cases were culled from 39 published case reports. Nearly two‐thirds of these patients presented with their first symptoms when they were younger than 5 years. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were common features. Serum transaminases and lipids were often elevated. Gastrointestinal symptoms were noted in approximately one‐third of cases. Two‐thirds of patients had liver fibrosis.Conclusions:CESD has an estimated incidence as high as 1 in 40,000, which means that it is presently underdiagnosed. Education about common symptoms of CESD as well as a higher level of suspicion for screening for CESD will lead to earlier diagnosis. New treatments for CESD including possible enzyme replacement therapy make early diagnosis especially important.
Serum Lipase as an Early Predictor of Severity in Pediatric Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Coffey Michael J. , Nightingale Scott , Ooi Chee Y. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:Pediatric pancreatitis remains poorly understood despite increasing incidence and risk of morbidity and mortality. Present predictive scores for severe pediatric acute pancreatitis (AP) are either extrapolated from adults or difficult to use in practice. We aimed to identify laboratory parameters for early prediction of severity of the course of pediatric AP.Methods:A retrospective review of children with AP (January 2000–July 2011) was performed at 2 pediatric hospitals. Predictors of severe AP using laboratory parameters measured within 24 hours of presentation were derived in the cohort from one institution and validated in the other.Results:A total of 131 pancreatitis episodes, 73 (34% severe) and 58 (24% severe) in the derivation and validation cohorts respectively, were reviewed. In the derivation cohort, serum lipase was significantly higher in severe versus mild AP (median [interquartile range] 18.1 [9.2–39.1] vs 4.9 (3.2–13.3) × upper limit of normal [ULN]; P = 0.002). Logistic regression analysis in the derivation cohort showed serum lipase ≥7 × ULN to be predictive of severe AP. This finding was confirmed in the validation cohort. Based on the combined derivation and validation data, serum lipase ≥7 × ULN was associated with an odds ratio of 7.1 (95% confidence interval 2.5–20.5; P < 0.001) for developing severe AP. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 85%, 56%, 46%, 89%, 1.939, and 0.27, respectively.Conclusions:Serum lipase ≥7 × ULN within 24 hours of presentation may be a simple clinical predictor of severe AP in children. Lipase levels below this threshold are strongly associated with a milder course.
Cytokinins as key regulators in plant–microbe–insect interactions: connecting plant growth and defence
Authors: Giron David , Frago Enric , Glevarec Gaëlle , Pieterse Corné M. J. , Dicke Marcel 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Plant hormones play important roles in regulating plant growth and defence by mediating developmental processes and signalling networks involved in plant responses to a wide range of parasitic and mutualistic biotic interactions.

Plants are known to rapidly respond to pathogen and herbivore attack by reconfiguring their metabolism to reduce pathogen/herbivore food acquisition. This involves the production of defensive plant secondary compounds, but also an alteration of the plant primary metabolism to fuel the energetic requirements of the direct defence.

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a key role in plant morphology, plant defence, leaf senescence and source–sink relationships. They are involved in numerous plant–biotic interactions.

These phytohormones may have been the target of arthropods and pathogens over the course of the evolutionary arms race between plants and their biotic partners to hijack the plant metabolism, control its physiology and/or morphology and successfully invade the plant. In the case of arthropods, cytokinin‐induced phenotypes can be mediated by their bacterial symbionts, giving rise to intricate plant–microbe–insect interactions.

Cytokinin‐mediated effects strongly impact not only plant growth and defence but also the whole community of insect and pathogen species sharing the same plant by facilitating or preventing plant invasion. This suggests that cytokinins (CKs) are key regulators of the plant growth‐defence trade‐off and highlights the complexity of the finely balanced responses that plants use while facing both invaders and mutualists.
Explaining adherence to self‐care behaviours amongst adolescents with food allergy: A comparison of the health belief model and the common sense self‐regulation model
Authors: Jones Christina J. , Smith Helen E. , Frew Anthony J. , Toit George Du , Mukhopadhyay Somnath , Llewellyn Carrie D. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesTo identify explanations for adherence to self‐care behaviours amongst adolescents with food allergy–induced anaphylaxis using two social cognition models: the health belief model (HBM) and the common sense self‐regulation model (CS‐SRM).DesignCross‐sectional self‐completion questionnaire study to gain initial evidence of the two models' feasibility/effectiveness in explaining adherence in an adolescent food‐allergic population.MethodsParticipants aged 13–19 years with a diagnosis of severe food allergy and a prescription of an adrenaline auto‐injector were recruited from hospital outpatients. Adherence to self‐care behaviours was measured in addition to constructs from the HBM and CS‐SRM.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐eight food‐allergic adolescents completed the questionnaire. The HBM, specifically the constructs perceived severity and barriers, accounted for 21% of the explained variance in adherence behaviours. CS‐SRM constructs, illness identity, timeline cyclical beliefs and emotional representations explained 25% of the variance.ConclusionsBoth models performed similarly in explaining adherence to self‐care behaviours in adolescents with food allergy. Interventions designed to elicit personal barriers to adherence and to address perceptions of severity and the unpredictable nature of symptoms may be more effective in improving adherence to self‐care behaviours than current interventions.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject? Patients' poor management of food allergy induced anaphylaxis is commonly attributed to lack of knowledge and ability in using the adrenaline auto‐injector. Adherence to recommended preventive self‐care behaviours, like allergen avoidance and carrying emergency medication, are rarely assessed. Social Cognition Models (SCMs) have been successfully applied to a number of adherence‐related studies in disease conditions such as asthma and diabetes, but have not yet been applied to food allergy induced anaphylaxis.What does this study add?

This is the first large‐scale quantitative study of adherence behaviours in adolescents with food allergy.
This is the first study to apply theoretical models to explain adherence in the adolescent food allergic population.
This is the first application of both models to food allergy, and the first to compare the two models' measurement instruments.
Implicit Theories of Personality and Attributions of Hostile Intent: A Meta‐Analysis, an Experiment, and a Longitudinal Intervention
Authors: Yeager David S. , Miu Adriana S. , Powers Joseph , Dweck Carol S. 
Published: February 2013

Past research has shown that hostile schemas and adverse experiences predict the hostile attributional bias. This research proposes that seemingly nonhostile beliefs (implicit theories about the malleability of personality) may also play a role in shaping it. Study 1 meta‐analytically summarized 11 original tests of this hypothesis (N = 1,659), and showed that among diverse adolescents aged 13–16 a fixed or entity theory about personality traits predicted greater hostile attributional biases, which mediated an effect on aggressive desires. Study 2 experimentally changed adolescents' implicit theories toward a malleable or incremental view and showed a reduction in hostile intent attributions. Study 3 delivered an incremental theory intervention that reduced hostile intent attributions and aggressive desires over an 8‐month period.
Options and outcome for reconstruction after extended left hemicolectomy
Authors: Dumont F. , Da Re C. , Goéré D. , Honoré C. , Elias D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimA tension‐free anastomosis is required to minimize anastomotic leakage after an extended left colectomy when the residual transverse colon is too short to spontaneously reach the pelvis. To resolve this problem, colonic rotation with a right colonic transposition (RCT) or even with a complete intestinal derotation (CID) is mandatory. This study compared these two techniques.MethodBetween January 2001 and December 2011, 39 patients had undergone right colonic transposition (n = 29) or complete intestinal derotation (n = 10) after an extended left colectomy. All anastomotic complications had been recorded during the follow up.ResultsNo differences were found between right colonic transposition and complete intestinal derotation in terms of patient characteristics, surgical indications, therapeutic features and risk factors for anastomotic leakage (sex, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score, diabetes, bevacizumab use, colorectal anastomotic level or protective stoma use). Ligature of the middle colic artery was significantly more frequent with right colonic transposition than with complete intestinal derotation (82.7% vs 50%; P = 0.04). An additional colonic resection tended to be required more often in the right colonic transposition group than in the complete intestinal derotation group (55.1% vs 20%; P = 0.054). The anastomotic complication rate was 10.2% and was not significantly different between right colonic transposition and complete intestinal derotation (6.9% vs 20%, P = 0.24).ConclusionBoth colonic rotation techniques are feasible and safe. The right colonic transposition and complete intestinal derotation techniques yielded similar results in terms of colorectal anastomotic complications, but right colonic transposition required ligature of the middle colic artery and additional colonic resection tended to be required more frequently.
Gender, labour and the law: the nexus of domestic work, human trafficking and the informal economy in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: MAHDAVI PARDIS 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBased on ethnographic fieldwork with female migrants in the United Arab Emirates, the focus of this article is on the confluence of human trafficking discourses, gendered migration, domestic work and sex work in the UAE. I explore three main findings. First, domestic work and sex work are not mutually exclusive. Second, women choose to enter sex work in preference to domestic work because of poor working conditions in the latter. Third, global policies on human trafficking that seek to restrict female migration have inspired female migrants in the Gulf in search of higher wages and increased autonomy to look for employment in the informal economy. Employing a theoretical lens that emphasizes structural violence, the article chronicles the individual and macro social factors structuring the transition of female migrants from the formal economy of domestic and care work into the informal economy of sex work.
Casting a Wider Net: Recommendations for the Study of Broad Discrimination Experiences
Authors: Joseph Dana L. , Rousis Gregory J. 
Published: February 2013

In the end, antiblack, antifemale, and all forms of discrimination are equivalent to the same thing—antihumanism.–Shirley Chisholm (The first African American woman elected to Congress)Ruggs et al. (2013) have provided an indispensable wake-up call to the organizational sciences as they argue that the field's previous research on employee discrimination experiences has failed to capture the full spectrum of discriminatory behaviors in the workplace. They posit that industrial and organizational psychologists have “gone fishing” in the field of discrimination research, a reference to our scholarly ignorance of the discrimination experienced by seven groups of marginalized employees (i.e., non-Black racial minorities, LGBT individuals, older workers, disabled individuals, overweight employees, religious minorities, and workers at risk of marital status discrimination). In doing so, Ruggs et al. have taken what we believe is a critical first step in advancing the field by assembling a discussion of (arguably) all discrimination experiences into a consolidated treatise on discrimination research.
Application of Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI for Endogenous Contrast at 7 Tesla
Authors: Dula Adrienne N. , Smith Seth A. , Gore John C. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indirectly images exchangeable solute protons resonating at frequencies different than bulk water. These solute protons are selectively saturated using low bandwidth RF irradiation and saturation is transferred to bulk water protons via chemical exchange, resulting in an attenuation of the measured water proton signal. CEST MRI is an advanced MRI technique with wide application potential due to the ability to examine complex molecular contributions. CEST MRI at high field (7 Tesla [7 T]) will improve the overall results due to increase in signal, T1 relaxation time, and chemical shift dispersion. Increased field strength translates to enhanced quantification of the metabolite of interest, allowing more fundamental studies on underlying pathophysiology. CEST contrast is affected by several tissue properties, such as the concentrations of exchange partners and their rate of proton exchange, whose effects have been examined and explored in this review. We have highlighted the background of CEST MRI, typical implementation strategy, and complications at 7 T.
Crystallization Atmosphere and Substrate Effects on the Phase and Texture of Chemical Solution Deposited Strontium Niobate Thin Films
Authors: Campion Michael J. , Brown‐Shaklee Harlan J. , Rodriguez Mark A. , Richardson Jacob J. , Clem Paul G. , Ihlefeld Jon F. 
Published: February 2013

Strontium niobate (Sr:Nb = 1:1) thin films were prepared via chemical solution deposition on (001)‐oriented SrTiO3, (001)p‐oriented LaAlO3, (0001)‐oriented sapphire, and polycrystalline alumina substrates. Crystallization in oxygen at 1000°C yielded Sr2Nb2O7 films on all substrates with strong (010) orientation. Films on LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 single‐crystal substrates possessed a small amount of preferred in‐plane orientation, whereas films prepared on sapphire and polycrystalline alumina substrates were fiber textured. Films crystallized at 900°C in a low oxygen atmosphere (~10−21 atm pO2) formed a randomly oriented polycrystalline perovskite, SrNbO3−δ on all substrates. A similar set of films crystallized at 900°C at a slightly higher oxygen partial pressure (~10−15 atm pO2) was comprised of Sr2Nb2O7 and SrNbO3−δ phases, exposing the dependence of phase formation on oxygen partial pressure. When subjected to a high‐temperature anneal in oxygen, the SrNbO3−δ phase is shown to transform into Sr2Nb2O7, however, Sr2Nb2O7 did not significantly reverse transform into SrNbO3−δ after annealing in low oxygen partial pressure atmospheres.
Electrical Properties of Amorphous BaTi4O9 Films Grown on Cu/Ti/SiO2/Si Substrates Using RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Kim Jin‐Seong , Kang Min‐Gyu , Kweon Sang‐Hyo , Han Guifang , Kang Chong‐Yun , Yun Jung‐Rak , Jeong Young‐Hun , Paik Jong‐Hoo , Nahm Sahn 
Published: February 2013

Amorphous BaTi4O9 (BT4) films for use as capacitors embedded in PCB substrates were grown on Cu electrodes at low temperatures (≤ 200°C). The dielectric constant (k) of the amorphous BT4 film grown at room temperature (RT) was 38, and its dissipation factor was 3.2% at 100 kHz. A similar k value was obtained at radio‐frequency ranges, with a quality factor of 143 at 1.0 GHz. The films showed a capacitance density of 200 nF/cm2, a temperature coefficient of capacitance of 296 ppm/°C at 75 kHz, and a breakdown voltage of 42.5 V. This film therefore satisfies the requirements of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors for 2016 for capacitors grown on organic substrates. In addition, the leakage current mechanism of the amorphous BT4 films was found to be Schottky emission, and the Schottky barrier height was calculated as 2.26 eV.
Origin of Different Growth Modes for Epitaxial Manganite Films
Authors: Cai Rongsheng , Wang Yiqian , Liu Xuehua , Gao Weiwei , Chen Yunzhong , Sun Jirong , Wang Yanguo 
Published: February 2013

The microstructures of the Bi0.4Ca0.6MnO3 (BCMO) and La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LCMO) epitaxial films are investigated by transmission electron microscopy in detail. BCMO epitaxial films (~ 10 and ~ 40 nm) exhibit an island growth mode whereas the LCMO films (~ 6 and ~ 30 nm) follow a layer by layer growth mode. Combined with the critical thickness models for the expected onset of the misfit dislocations in epitaxial films, an atomic collapse model is introduced to explain their mechanism of formation in manganite films. At the beginning of deposition, the strain caused by the lattice mismatch between the epitaxial film and substrate can be accommodated by elastic deformation. With the increase of film thickness, the strain becomes larger and larger. When the film thickness reaches the critical thickness, the strain can only be relaxed by the formation of misfit dislocations. Meanwhile, the atomic configuration of the epitaxial film will reorganize and some atoms begin to collapse, thus an island morphology will be formed. Once the collapse morphology is formed, maintenance of this wave‐like morphology depends on atomic diffusion length of the deposited atoms. If the diffusion length of the deposited atoms is long, the island morphology will not be maintained. If the diffusion length of the deposited atoms is short, the island morphology will keep until the epitaxial film is thick enough. The results could shed light on the growth modes for other perovskite epitaxial films.