bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditional prerequisites for microchannel cytologic analysis on wet mount (fluid‐based) biopsies
Authors: Mojica Wilfrido , Bassey Rosemary , Chen Frank , Hannahoe Brigid , Sauer Paul , Hard Robert , Furlani Edward P. 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDAdvanced capabilities in genomic sequencing developed in the research sector will soon enter the clinical arena. Issues such as the proportioning of patient specimen material for traditional bright‐field microscopic evaluation or dedication for molecular analysis will intensify, particularly in situations of small core biopsies. Microfluidics appears aptly suited as a platform capable of allowing traditional cytologic diagnostics and downstream molecular analysis from the same specimen. However, clarification is needed to determine that forces which act on cells in a fluidic environment do not drastically alter their cytologic features.METHODSCells were processed for flow‐through in a microfluidic channel and evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively for alterations due to fluid‐shear stress or anoikis.RESULTSProcessing caused separation of cells from cohesive clusters to smaller groups and individual cells, leading to greater variation in parameters associated with the nucleus in nontumor cells but no significant change in tumor cells. These differences were most readily apparent by quantitative measures, and to a lesser extent, qualitative evaluation. Time‐dependent processing played a larger role in cytologic alteration than fluid‐shear stress for nontumor cells.CONCLUSIONSPassage of cells through a microfluidic channel is a feasible approach that can be integrated into future platforms intent on integrating cytologic assessment of cells with recovery of the same cells for downstream assays. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:59–69. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Physical (in)activity‐dependent structural plasticity in bulbospinal catecholaminergic neurons of rat rostral ventrolateral medulla
Authors: Mischel Nicholas A. , Llewellyn‐Smith Ida J. , Mueller Patrick J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIncreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system is thought to play a role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Recent work has shown that physical inactivity versus activity alters neuronal structure in brain regions associated with cardiovascular regulation. Our physiological studies suggest that neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are more responsive to excitation in sedentary versus physically active animals. We hypothesized that enhanced functional responses in the RVLM may be due, in part, to changes in the structure of RVLM neurons that control sympathetic activity. We used retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to identify bulbospinal catecholaminergic (C1) neurons in sedentary and active rats after chronic voluntary wheel‐running exercise. We then digitally reconstructed their cell bodies and dendrites at different rostrocaudal levels. The dendritic arbors of spinally projecting TH neurons from sedentary rats were more branched than those of physically active rats (P < 0.05). In sedentary rats, dendritic branching was greater in more rostral versus more caudal bulbospinal C1 neurons, whereas, in physically active rats, dendritic branching was consistent throughout the RVLM. In contrast, cell body size and the number of primary dendrites did not differ between active and inactive animals. We suggest that these structural changes provide an anatomical underpinning for the functional differences observed in our in vivo studies. These inactivity‐related structural and functional changes may enhance the overall sensitivity of RVLM neurons to excitatory stimuli and contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in sedentary individuals. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:499–513, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in the morphology of spinal V2a neurons reflect their recruitment order during swimming in larval zebrafish
Authors: Menelaou Evdokia , VanDunk Cassandra , McLean David L. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTNetworks of neurons in spinal cord generate locomotion. However, little is known about potential differences in network architecture that underlie the production of varying speeds of movement. In larval zebrafish, as swimming speed increases, Chx10‐positive V2a excitatory premotor interneurons are activated from ventral to dorsal in a topographic pattern that parallels axial motoneuron recruitment. Here, we examined whether differences in the morphology and synaptic output of V2a neurons reflect their recruitment order during swimming. To do so, we used in vivo single‐cell labeling approaches to quantify the dorsoventral distribution of V2a axonal projections and synapses. Two different classes of V2a neurons are described, cells with ascending and descending axons and cells that are only descending. Among the purely descending V2a cells, more dorsal cells project longer distances than ventral ones. Proximally, all V2a neurons have axonal distributions that suggest potential connections to cells at and below their own soma positions. At more distal locations, V2a axons project dorsally, which creates a cumulative intersegmental bias to dorsally located spinal neurons. Assessments of the synapse distribution of V2a cells, reported by synaptophysin expression, support the morphological observations and also demonstrate that dorsal V2a cells have higher synapse densities proximally. Our results suggest that V2a cells with more potential output to spinal neurons are systematically engaged during increases in swimming frequency. The findings help explain patterns of axial motoneuron recruitment and set up clear predictions for future physiological studies examining the nature of spinal excitatory network connectivity as it relates to movement intensity. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1232–1248, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative analysis of the dendritic organization of principal neurons in the lateral and central nuclei of the rhesus macaque and rat amygdala
Authors: Morgan John T. , Amaral David G. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe amygdala plays a critical role in emotional processing and has been implicated in the etiology of numerous psychiatric disorders. It is an evolutionarily ancient structure that is enlarged in primates relative to rodents. Certain amygdala nuclei, such as the lateral nucleus, show relatively greater phylogenetic expansion than other nuclei. However, it is unknown whether there is also differential alteration in neuronal features. To address this question, we examined the dendritic arbors of principal neurons, visualized by using the Golgi method, in the lateral and central nuclei of young adult rhesus macaques and rats. Total dendritic length is greater in the macaque than in the rat. Dendritic trees are increased by 250% in length in the lateral nucleus of the monkey compared with the rat (6,009 μm vs. 2,473 μm); dendritic tree length in the central nucleus is increased by 50% (1,786 μm vs. 1,232 μm). Somal volume is increased 62% between species in the lateral nucleus and 48% in the central nucleus. Spine density is lower on macaque lateral nucleus dendrites compared with rat (−22%) but equivalent in the central nucleus. Spines are equally long in the lateral nucleus of rat and macaque, but spines are longer by about 20% in the central nucleus of the macaque. The alterations in dendritic structure that we observed between the two species suggest differences in the number and spacing of inputs into these nuclei that undoubtedly influence amygdala function. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:689–716, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of the hypothalamus of Xenopus laevis during development. II. The basal regions
Authors: Domínguez Laura , González Agustín , Moreno Nerea 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe expression patterns of conserved developmental regulatory transcription factors and neuronal markers were analyzed in the basal hypothalamus of Xenopus laevis throughout development by means of combined immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques. The connectivity of the main subdivisions was investigated by in vitro tracing techniques with dextran amines. The basal hypothalamic region is topologically rostral to the basal diencephalon and is composed of the tuberal (rostral) and mammillary (caudal) subdivisions, according to the prosomeric model. It is dorsally bounded by the optic chiasm and the alar hypothalamus, and caudally by the diencephalic prosomere p3. The tuberal hypothalamus is defined by the expression of Nkx2.1, xShh, and Isl1, and rostral and caudal portions can be distinguished by the distinct expression of Otp rostrally and Nkx2.2 caudally. In the mammillary region the xShh/Nkx2.1 combination defined the rostral mammillary area, expressing Nkx2.1, and the caudal retromammillary area, expressing xShh. The expression of xLhx1, xDll4, and Otp in the mammillary area and Isl1 in the tuberal region highlights the boundary between the two basal hypothalamic territories. Both regions are strongly connected with subpallial regions, especially those conveying olfactory/vomeronasal information, and also possess abundant intrahypothalamic connections. They show reciprocal connections with the diencephalon (mainly the thalamus), project to the midbrain tectum, and are bidirectionally related to the rhombencephalon. These results illustrate that the basal hypothalamus of anurans shares many features of specification, regionalization, and hodology with amniotes, reinforcing the idea of a basic bauplan in the organization of this prosencephalic region in all tetrapods. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1102–1131, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex‐ and region‐specific pubertal maturation of the corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor system in the rat
Authors: Weathington Jill M. , Hamki Ali , Cooke Bradley M. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTOne of the most reliable findings in psychiatry is in the incidence of anxiety and depression. Beginning at puberty, women develop mood disorders twice as often as men. Because corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) receptors are implicated, we compared CRF receptor binding in pre‐ and postpubertal rats. In each brain area, CRF receptor binding was sexually dimorphic, but no two areas were alike in the way the sexes differed. In the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, CRF1 binding was initially the same in juveniles, but became greater in adult females. In piriform cortex, CRF1 binding increased in females and decreased in males, again becoming sexually dimorphic. CRF1 binding in the anterior cingulate was greater in females than in males at both ages. In CA3, CRF1 binding was greater in males before puberty but decreased during puberty, abolishing the sex difference. CRF2 binding in the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis was greater in males irrespective of age. In contrast, in each of three subdivisions of the lateral septum, females had greater CRF2 binding than males as juveniles, or, as juveniles and as adults. CRF2 binding in the ventromedial hypothalamus was the same in juveniles, but binding levels increased in males, leading to an adult sex difference. Thus, eight CRF receptor‐expressing areas displayed eight distinct sex differences. These results show that sex differences pervade the CRF receptor system in juvenile and adult rats, and the mechanisms that control them are likely to be sex‐, region‐, and subtype‐specific. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1284–1298, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiscale approach including microfibril scale to assess elastic constants of cortical bone based on neural network computation and homogenization method
Authors: Barkaoui Abdelwahed , Chamekh Abdessalem , Merzouki Tarek , Hambli Ridha , Mkaddem Ali 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThe complexity and heterogeneity of bone tissue require a multiscale modeling to understand its mechanical behavior and its remodeling mechanisms. In this paper, a novel multiscale hierarchical approach including microfibril scale based on hybrid neural network (NN) computation and homogenization equations was developed to link nanoscopic and macroscopic scales to estimate the elastic properties of human cortical bone. The multiscale model is divided into three main phases: (i) in step 0, the elastic constants of collagen‐water and mineral‐water composites are calculated by averaging the upper and lower Hill bounds; (ii) in step 1, the elastic properties of the collagen microfibril are computed using a trained NN simulation. Finite element calculation is performed at nanoscopic levels to provide a database to train an in‐house NN program; and (iii) in steps 2–10 from fibril to continuum cortical bone tissue, homogenization equations are used to perform the computation at the higher scales. The NN outputs (elastic properties of the microfibril) are used as inputs for the homogenization computation to determine the properties of mineralized collagen fibril. The mechanical and geometrical properties of bone constituents (mineral, collagen, and cross‐links) as well as the porosity were taken in consideration. This paper aims to predict analytically the effective elastic constants of cortical bone by modeling its elastic response at these different scales, ranging from the nanostructural to mesostructural levels. Our findings of the lowest scale's output were well integrated with the other higher levels and serve as inputs for the next higher scale modeling. Good agreement was obtained between our predicted results and literature data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite element methods to analyze helical stent expansion
Authors: Paryab Nasim , Cronin Duane S. , Lee‐Sullivan Pearl 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYHelical polymeric stents have been proposed as a suitable geometry for biodegradable drug‐eluting polymer‐based stents. However, helical stents often experience nonuniform local expansion (dog boning), which can prohibit full stent expansion using conventional methods. The development of stents and deployment methods is challenging and can be supported by numerical analysis; however, this complex problem is often approached with simplified boundary conditions that may not be appropriate for helical stents. The finite element method (explicit and implicit) was used to investigate three common stent expansion approaches with a focus on helical stent geometry, which differs from traditional wire mesh stent expansion. Although each of the three methods considered provided some insight into the expansion characteristics, common displacement controlled, and uniform expansion methods were not able to demonstrate the characteristic local deformations observed in expansion. A coupled stent‐balloon model, although computationally expensive, was able to demonstrate the expected nonuniform deformation. To address nonuniform expansion, a progressive expansion approach has been investigated and verified numerically. This method may also provide a suitable solution for nonuniform expansion in other stent designs by minimizing loading and potential damage to the artery that can occur during stent deployment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color tolerance study on white in practical aspect: Perceptibility versus acceptability
Authors: Na Nooree , Choi Kyungah , Lee Jeongmin , Suk Hyeon‐Jeong 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study investigates how the color tolerance for whites is affected by color category and context. Two experiments with different contexts, perceptibility or acceptability, were conducted using 27 color variation samples from six color categories (Neutral‐White, Red‐White, Yellow‐White, Green‐White, Blue‐White, and Blue‐Vivid). The results indicated that the color tolerance for Green‐white is dominantly higher relative to the other white‐based colors, whereas the color tolerance for Yellow‐White and Neutral‐White are relatively lower. However, contrary to the hypothesis, no significant differences in the level of color tolerances could be found between the two context of perceptibility and acceptability. The color tolerance thresholds for each color category groups in both experiments were similar. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 582–588, 2014
The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of tivozanib hydrochloride
Authors: Cotreau Monette M. , Massmanian Lisa , Strahs Andrew L. , Slichenmyer William , Vargo Dennis L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTivozanib hydrochloride (tivozanib) is a potent, selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3, with a long half‐life. This Phase I study evaluated the effect of food on tivozanib pharmacokinetics (PK). A single oral dose of tivozanib was administered to healthy subjects in a fasted/fed and a fed/fasted state. Thirty subjects enrolled; 29 completed the study. Maximum concentration (Cmax) in the fed state was lower than in the fasted state (geometric means, 14.1 and 18.1 ng/mL). The geometric mean ratio (90% confidence interval) (fed/fasted states) for Cmax was 77.5% (72.9–82.4%), indicating a food effect on Cmax. There was no difference in tivozanib area under the curve to infinity (AUC0–∞) between states (geometric means, 2,377 and 2,198 ng h/mL). Geometric mean ratios also indicated no food effect on tivozanib AUC0–∞. Other PK parameters were similar between states. The most commonly reported adverse events affected the gastrointestinal system and were mild in intensity. There were no clinically significant changes in other safety measures. In conclusion, food does not have an impact on the AUC0–∞ of tivozanib but does decrease Cmax approximately 23%, suggesting that this agent can be dosed with or without food.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of fluticasone furoate, a novel inhaled corticosteroid, in children aged 5–11 years with persistent asthma: A randomized trial
Authors: Oliver Amanda , Allen Ann , VanBuren Sandi , Hamilton Melanie , Tombs Lee , Kempsford Rodger , Qaqundah Paul 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis multi‐center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, two‐way crossover study characterized the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of fluticasone furoate (FF) in children (5–11 years) with persistent asthma. Twenty‐seven children received inhaled FF 100 µg or placebo via the ELLIPTA™ dry powder inhaler once daily for 14 days, with a ≥7 day washout period. Adverse events (AEs) were reported by eight (31%) and four (16%) subjects during FF 100 µg and placebo treatment, respectively. Headache was reported by three subjects during FF 100 µg treatment and by no subjects during placebo treatment, all other AEs were reported by only one subject on either treatment; there were no serious AEs. Following repeat dosing, the arithmetic mean (SD) FF Cmax was 26.71 pg/mL (9.16) at 31 minutes post‐dose. Arithmetic mean (SD) FF AUC(0–t) was 121.44 pg h/mL (83.04). Arithmetic mean values for weighted mean (SD) serum cortisol (0–12 hours) on day 14 were 56.49 (16.51) and 67.57 (20.66) ng/mL for FF 100 µg and placebo, respectively. No clinically significant effect of FF on serum cortisol levels was observed. FF was well tolerated. Pharmacokinetic profiles were well defined and did not differ between age groups in the study population, and no clinically significant suppression of serum cortisol was observed.
Effect of food and gemfibrozil on the pharmacokinetics of the novel prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor GSK1278863
Authors: Johnson Brendan M. , Stier Brendt A. , Caltabiano Stephen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAnemia, a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease, is most commonly treated with recombinant human erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents. Oral administration of GSK1278863, a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, results in the accumulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α, and stimulates erythropoiesis by triggering the pathways involved in innate hypoxia. In vitro biotransformation data indicate that GSK1278863 is primarily metabolized by CYP2C8. This study assessed the pharmacokinetics of single‐dose (100 mg) GSK1278863 administered alone, or co‐administered with a high‐fat/high‐calorie meal or steady‐state gemfibrozil (a strong CYP2C8 and OATP1B1 inhibitor). Co‐administration of single‐dose 100 mg GSK1278863 with a high‐fat/high‐calorie meal did not significantly affect the plasma exposure of GSK1278863 or its 6 predominant metabolites. Co‐administration of GSK1278863 with steady‐state gemfibrozil resulted in an 18.6‐fold increase in the area under the curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC(0–∞)) of GSK1278863. Additionally, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and terminal elimination half‐life increased 3.92‐ and 3.70‐fold, respectively. The appearance of metabolites was delayed, and their Cmax and AUC(0–∞) were reduced by at least 90% and 62%, respectively. These findings indicate that GSK1278863 can be safely administered without regard to food. Until further studies with weaker CYP2C8 inhibitors are conducted, co‐administration of GSK1278863 with CYP2C8 inhibitors should be avoided.
Graphics processing unit‐accelerated bounding for branch‐and‐bound applied to a permutation problem using data access optimization
Authors: Melab N. , Chakroun I. , Bendjoudi A. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYBranch‐and‐bound (B&B) algorithms are attractive methods for solving to optimality combinatorial optimization problems using an implicit enumeration of a dynamically built tree‐based search space. Nevertheless, they are time‐consuming when dealing with large problem instances. Therefore, pruning tree nodes (subproblems) is traditionally used as a powerful mechanism to reduce the size of the explored search space. Pruning requires to perform the bounding operation, which consists of applying a lower bound function to the subproblems generated during the exploration process. Preliminary experiments performed on the Flow‐Shop scheduling problem (FSP) have shown that the bounding operation consumes over 98% of the execution time of the B&B algorithm. In this paper, we investigate the use of graphics processing unit (GPU) computing as a major complementary way to speed up the search. We revisit the design and implementation of the parallel bounding model on GPU accelerators. The proposed approach enables data access optimization. Extensive experiments have been carried out on well‐known FSP benchmarks using an Nvidia Tesla C2050 GPU card. Compared to a CPU‐based single core execution using an Intel Core i7‐970 processor without GPU, speedups higher than 100 times faster are achieved for large problem instances. At an equivalent peak performance, GPU‐accelerated B&B is twice faster than its multi‐core counterpart. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Promoter Effects on Iron–Silica Fischer–Tropsch Nanocatalysts: Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Lower Olefins and Hydrocarbons at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Owen Rhodri E. , O'Byrne Justin P. , Mattia Davide , Plucinski Pawel , Pascu Sofia I. , Jones Matthew D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIf CO2 hydrogenation is to become a viable process for the utilisation of CO2, improved catalysts are urgently needed. We report the promotional effects of Group 11 and 13 metals on the performance of iron–silica catalyst systems under atmospheric pressure. The addition of low loadings of gold resulted in a significant improvement in catalyst performance both in terms of conversion and selectivity to lower (C2–C4) olefins. Small loadings of indium proved highly effective for increasing CO2 conversion, whereas at higher loadings the selectivity to lower olefins could be dramatically increased. Catalysis tests involving palladium‐promoted systems also proved successful with large increases in selectivity towards C5+ hydrocarbons observed. The catalysts were characterised by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, TEM and SEM, which confirmed the nanostructured nature of the catalytic species involved.