bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Anode on Resistance Switching Phenomenon of Metal Oxide Resistive Random Access Memory
Authors: Kinoshita Kentaro , Koh Sang-Gyu , Moriyama Takumi , Kishida Satoru 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough the presence of oxygen reservoir is assumed in many theoretical models which explain resistive switching of ReRAM with an electrode/metal oxide (MO)/electrode structure, the location of oxygen reservoir is not clear. We have previously reported a method for preparing an extremely small ReRAM cell which has removable bottom electrode (BE), by using AFM cantilever. In this study, we used this cell structure to specify the location of oxygen reservoir. Since an anode is assumed to work as an oxygen reservoir in most models, we investigated the effect of changing anodes for the same filament on the presence or absence of the occurrence of reset switching. It was revealed that reset occurred independently of catalytic ability and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of anode material. However, reset was caused by repairing oxygen vacancies of which filament consists when metals with high ΔG is used as an anode, whereas by oxidizing an anode when metals with low ΔG is used as an anode. This result suggests that the MO film works as an oxygen reservoir for anode with high ΔG, whereas an anode works as an oxygen reservoir for anode with low ΔG.
La mise en patrimoine sur ONF.ca
Authors: Garneau Michèle 
Published: May 2015

RésuméCe texte propose une approche à la fois descriptive, analytique et critique de la très active production patrimoniale actuellement en cours sur ONF.ca. En se donnant comme mission de rendre accessible son patrimoine audiovisuel, l’Office se soucie d’en orienter la réception, de proposer aux internautes l’histoire de son action audiovisuelle depuis sa fondation en 1939. Par le relevé d’un certain nombre de valeurs exhibées (authenticité, représentativité, renommée et proximité), et de registres privilégiés (dont celui de la commémoration), l’auteur tente de circonscrire une axiologie du patrimoine sur ONF.ca. Dans sa seconde partie, le texte se consacre à la question de l’articulation (et de l’écart) entre mémoire patrimoniale et mémoires particulières (des films) afin de mieux cerner les contours politiques et les enjeux idéologiques de l’encadrement discursif des collections. AbstractThis article offers a descriptive, analytical and critical approach to the very active production of audiovisual heritage currently underway at NFB.ca. Designed to make the National Film Board (NFB)’s audiovisual heritage more accessible, the website carefully guides its users through the history-memory of audiovisual production at the Film Board from its foundation in 1939 through to the present. By analyzing how the website showcases its films, endorsing specific values (authenticity, representativeness, recognition and proximity) and privileging certain registers (such as commemoration), the article first attempts to define an axiology of heritage in NFB.ca. The article then focuses on questions of the articulation of (and the variation between) history-memory and particular memories (of films) in order to better outline the political contours and ideological stakes of the discursive framework of the NFB’s collections.
Du devenir de la notion de documentaire à l’ONF : des discours aux formes
Authors: Zéau Caroline 
Published: May 2015

RésuméLa production documentaire fut toujours l’armature du mandat de l’Office national du film du Canada. Pour garantir la légitimité du cinéma auprès des instances publiques, son fondateur John Grierson a pris appui sur l’assise conceptuelle de l’Idée documentaire, une conception programmatique du cinéma qui soumettait celui-ci à la cause publique. Plus que jamais aujourd’hui, l’héritage de John Grierson est invoqué pour caractériser les valeurs associées à la mission de l’ONF, comme en témoignent les documents de communication produits par l’organisme. Plusieurs questions se posent alors : pourquoi la résurgence du lexique griersonien est-elle jugée pertinente aujourd’hui ? Et quelles sont les équivalences présupposées par ce retour aux sources ? Dans cet article, l’auteure se propose d’étudier la place et les valeurs aujourd’hui accordées à la notion de documentaire et aux objets qu’elle recouvre au sein des discours et des formes produits par l’ONF dans le cadre de la mutation technologique qui redéfinit sa mission et ses priorités depuis 2008. Ainsi seront examinées les déclinaisons terminologiques qui s’y rapportent—sur le site ONF.ca et les plans stratégiques 2008-2013 et 2013-2018—parallèlement à l’étude des formes nouvelles de documentaires produites pour les canaux de diffusion numériques qui définissent le champ de l’art interactif. AbstractDocumentary production has always been central to the mandate of the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). To ensure the legitimacy of film among public authorities, its founder John Grierson built on the conceptual foundation of the Documentary Idea, a programmatic concept of cinema that places the latter at the service of the public. Today more than ever, the legacy of John Grierson is understood to characterize the values associated with the mission of the NFB, as evidenced by the institution’s communication documents. Several questions then arise: why is the Griersonian vocabulary considered pertinent today within the NFB? And what equivalences are assumed in this return to basics? From within the framework of the technological transformations that have been redefining the mission and priorities of the NFB, and the discourses and forms produced by the NFB since 2008, this article studies the place and values associated today with the notion of documentary and the objects it describes. Thus, the terminological variations linked with the term documentary are scrutinized—both on the NFB.ca website and in the 2008-2013 and 2013-2018 strategic plans—in parallel with the new forms of documentary produced for the digital distribution channels defining the field of interactive art.
Les droits de la personne sur ONF.ca : discours et images de la tolérance
Authors: Albert Christine 
Published: May 2015

RésuméEn décembre 2012, ONF.ca ajoutait une chaîne consacrée aux « Droits de la personne » à sa plateforme web celle-ci proposant une sélection de films portant sur « les droits fondamentaux qui protègent tout être humain ». Pour examiner cette dernière, on partira du postulat selon lequel l’encadrement discursif qui accompagne cette sélection peut influencer la façon dont l’utilisateur regardera les films proposés. Dans un premier temps on se concentrera sur l’espace discursif, pour en dégager les stratégies de mise en valeur : sur quoi insistent-elles ? Quelles sont les attitudes valorisées par le discours ? Dans un second temps, on observera, à partir d’analyses filmiques, si les promesses avancées par ces discours s’avèrent tenues, en d’autres termes on se demandera en quoi ces films répondent ou non aux attentes suscitées par l’encadrement discursif. AbstractIn December 2012, NFB.ca added a channel to its website dedicated to “Human rights.” This channel offers a selection of films pertaining to “the inalienable fundamental rights to which all persons are entitled.” This article consists of an examination of this channel, using as a starting point the assumption that the discursive framework accompanying the channel may influence the way in which the user views the selected films found there. The initial focus falls on the discursive space and identifying therein the strategies that are used to describe the selected films: What do they draw attention to? Which attitudes are emphasized by the discourse? The article then moves to examine, through film analysis, the promises made by these discourses, and whether or not they are fulfilled; we will examine the extent to which the films meet the expectations provoked by the discourses.
Quand le cinéma aut ochtone devient exemplaire : diversité culturelle et patrimoine cinématographique sous les Visions autochtones de l’ONF
Authors: Croteau Stéphanie 
Published: May 2015

RésuméLa plateforme web Visions autochtones de l’Office national du film du Canada, inaugurée en 2006 et subventionnée par le Fonds Mémoire canadienne, vise à présenter 64 ans d’histoire du cinéma autochtone produit par l’ONF (de 1940 à 2004), par le biais d’une sélection de 32 films documentaires ayant été choisie par l’institution. Dans cet essai, il s’agira de s’attarder spécifiquement sur la version francophone de cette plateforme (offerte en français et en anglais), d’analyser les extraits audiovisuels mis en valeur par l’Office ainsi que l’encadrement discursif déployé via les articles, résumés de films et documents pédagogiques ayant été mis en ligne sur ce site. On examinera comment les diverses modalités discursives qui traversent Visions autochtones viennent d’une part accompagner ce patrimoine cinématographique, mais aussi—et surtout—le commenter, et d’autre part de quelle manière ce discours vient gérer la « question indienne » subjacente aux films autochtones du Canada.AbstractThe National Film Board of Canada (NFB)’s Aboriginal Perspectives Web platform, launched in 2006 and funded by the Canadian Memory Fund, aims to present 64 years of Aboriginal film history produced by the NFB (from 1940 to 2004), through a selection of 32 documentary films chosen by the institution. This article focuses on the French version of this platform (available in French and English), examining the audio-visual excerpts highlighted by the Office as well as the discursive framework deployed on this site by way of the articles, summaries of films, and educational materials available there. The author reviews not only how the various discursive modalities that exist on the Aboriginal Perspectivesplatform accompany this cinematographic heritage, but also—and especially—how they comment on and deal with the underlying “indigenous issue” within the NFB’s Aboriginal films.
Construcción de tablas de vida dinámicas para uno o dos sexos = Construction of unisex or sex-distinct dynamic life tables
Authors: Dylewska Ewa , Galindo Villardón María Purificación 
Published: May 2015

<p>Mientras que las tablas de vida tradicionales describen la mortalidad actual en un determinado periodo de tiempo, las tablas de vida dinámicas permiten una proyección de mortalidad futura. Además de la edad y el sexo, las tablas de vida dinámicas tienen también una tercera dimensión, que es el tiempo. Por lo tanto, permiten observar cambios en la mortalidad que resultan no solamente de cambios en la edad sino también de cambios que aparecen a lo largo del tiempo. Esto se refiere sobre todo a la tendencia de disminución de riesgo de mortalidad. Las tablas de vida dinámicas son, por lo tanto, muy útiles en la construcción de seguros de vida de larga duración y planes de pensiones. También pueden ser aplicadas en la construcción de tablas unisex (relacionado con el dictamen C-236/09 – Test -Achats). <br />El objetivo del estudio es comprobar la diferencia en la esperanza de vida a la edad <em>x</em> en España calculada utilizando las tablas de vida estáticas (tradicionales) y dinámicas, para uno o ambos sexos. Este fin se realiza aplicando el modelo de Lee-Carter para pronosticar la mortalidad futura.</p><p>Traditional life tables describe a level of mortality at one and defined period of time whereas dynamic life tables allow for projection of future mortality. Apart from age and gender, dynamic life tables also have a third dimension, which is time. In that way, it is possible to observe changes of mortality over the years. This is especially reflected in a mortality reduction trend. Dynamic life tables are therefore very useful in pricing long-term life contracts and especially in pricing annuities. Moreover, dynamic life tables can also be used in constructing unisex life tables (in relation with decision C-236/09 – Test-Achats).</p> The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate differences in life expectancy at age <em>x</em> in Spain calculated by using static (traditional) and dynamic life tables, both unisex and sex-distinct. Mortality projection is done through the application of the Lee-Carter model<p> </p>
Comparison of Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Between Children With Cerebral Palsy and Children With Typical Development
Authors: Ryan Jennifer M. , Forde Cuisle , Hussey Juliette M. , Gormley John 
Published: May 2015

Background
Reduced participation in physical activity and increased time spent in sedentary behavior are associated with overweight, chronic disease, and disability. In order to optimize recommendations and interventions to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior in children with cerebral palsy (CP), knowledge of their physical activity and sedentary behavior is needed.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to describe light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior in preadolescent children with and without CP and compare physical activity and sedentary behavior between the 2 groups.

Design
This was a cross-sectional study of 33 children, aged 6 to 10 years, with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I–III) and 33 age- and sex-matched children with typical development.

Methods
Physical activity was measured using the RT3 accelerometer over 7 days.

Results
Children with CP spent more time in sedentary behavior and accumulated less total activity, moderate activity, vigorous activity, and sustained bouts of moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA). They also accumulated a fewer number of bouts of MVPA and vigorous activity, despite spending a similar amount of time in each bout.

Limitations
The small number of children in GMFCS levels II and III did not allow for adjustment for GMFCS level when comparing physical activity between children with and without CP.

Conclusions
Preadolescent children with CP spent less time in moderate and vigorous activity and more time in sedentary behavior than children with typical development. Children with CP also accumulated less continuous MVPA and vigorous activity as a result of achieving fewer sustained bouts of MVPA and vigorous activity throughout the day.
Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) and Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS): Validity and Responsiveness
Authors: Dumas Helene M. , Fragala-Pinkham Maria A. , Rosen Elaine L. , Lombard Kelly A. , Farrell Colleen 
Published: May 2015

Background
Although preliminary studies have established a good psychometric foundation for the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) for a broad population of youth with disabilities, additional validation is warranted for young children.

Objective
The study objective was to (1) examine concurrent validity, (2) evaluate the ability to identify motor delay, and (3) assess responsiveness of the PEDI-CAT Mobility domain and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS).

Methods
Fifty-three infants and young children (&lt;18 months of age) admitted to a pediatric postacute care hospital and referred for a physical therapist examination were included. The PEDI-CAT Mobility domain and the AIMS were completed during the initial physical therapist examination, at 3-month intervals, and at discharge. A Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to examine concurrent validity. A chi-square analysis of age percentile scores was used to examine the identification of motor delay. Mean score differences from initial assessment to final assessment were analyzed to evaluate responsiveness.

Results
A statistically significant, fair association (rs=.313) was found for the 2 assessments. There was no significant difference in motor delay identification between tests; however, the AIMS had a higher percentage of infants with scores at or below the fifth percentile. Participants showed significant changes from initial testing to final testing on the PEDI-CAT Mobility domain and the AIMS.

Limitations
This study included only young patients (&lt;18 months of age) in a pediatric postacute hospital; therefore, the generalizability is limited to this population.

Conclusions
The PEDI-CAT Mobility domain is a valid measure for young children admitted to postacute care and is responsive to changes in motor skills. However, further item and standardization development is needed before the PEDI-CAT is used confidently to identify motor delay in children &lt;18 months of age.
Evaluation of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis of ventriculostomy-related infections
Authors: Gordon Claire L. , Tokarz Rafal , Briese Thomas , Lipkin W. Ian , Jain Komal , Whittier Susan , Shah Jayesh , Connolly E. Sander , Yin Michael T. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECT
Diagnosis of ventriculostomy-related infections (VRIs) is challenging due to the lack of rapid, sensitive assays for pathogen detection. The authors report the development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for differential diagnosis of common VRI pathogens.

METHODS
MassTag PCR was used to develop a multiplex assay for detection of 11 VRI pathogens. The assay was established and optimized using cloned template standards and spiked samples and was then evaluated on CSF specimens from ventricular drains. Subjects were grouped into definite VRI, possible VRI, or no VRI based on conventional microbiology, CSF evaluation, and clinical parameters.

RESULTS
CSF specimens were obtained from 45 subjects (median age 49 years, interquartile range 32–63 years; 51% were male). The assay detected 10–100 genome copies. It detected a pathogen in 100% (6 of 6) of definite VRI cases in which a pathogen targeted by the assay was present; these represented 67% of all definite VRIs (6 of 9). Among subjects with a possible VRI, the assay detected a pathogen in 29% (5 of 17). In subjects without overt infection the presence of a pathogen was detected in 32% of subjects (6 of 19), albeit with lower signal compared with the VRI group.

CONCLUSIONS
MassTag PCR enabled parallel testing of CSF specimens for 11 pathogens of VRI. The high sensitivity of PCR combined with possible device colonization, specimen contamination, and concurrent antibiotic treatments limit the clinical value of the assay, similar to other current diagnostic approaches. With further optimization, multiplex PCR may provide timely identification of multiple possible VRI pathogens and guide management, complementing classic culture approaches.
The 6 thalamic regions: surgical approaches to thalamic cavernous malformations, operative results, and clinical outcomes
Authors: Rangel-Castilla Leonardo , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECT
The ideal surgical approach to thalamic cavernous malformations (CMs) varies according to their location within the thalamus. To standardize surgical approaches, the authors have divided the thalamus into 6 different regions and matched them with the corresponding surgical approach.

METHODS
The regions were defined as Region 1 (anteroinferior), Region 2 (medial), Region 3 (lateral), Region 4 (posterosuperior), Region 5 (lateral posteroinferior), and Region 6 (medial posteroinferior). The senior author’s surgical experience with 46 thalamic CMs was reviewed according to this classification. An orbitozygomatic approach was used for Region 1; anterior ipsilateral transcallosal for Region 2; anterior contralateral transcallosal for Region 3; posterior transcallosal for Region 4; parietooccipital transventricularfor Region 5; and supracerebellar-infratentorial for Region 6.

RESULTS
Region 3 was the most common location (17 [37%]). There were 5 CMs in Region 1 (11%), 9 in Region 2 (20%), 17 in Region 3 (37%), 3 in Region 4 (6%), 4 in Region 5 (9%), and 8 in Region 6 (17%). Complete resection was achieved in all patients except for 2, who required a second-stage operation. The mean follow-up period was 1.7 years (range 6 months-9 years). At the last clinical follow-up, 40 patients (87%) had an excellent or good outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] scores 0–2) and 6 (13%) had poor outcome (mRS scores 3–4). Relative to their preoperative condition, 42 patients (91%) were unchanged or improved, and 4 (9%) were worse.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors have presented the largest series reported to date of surgically treated thalamic CMs, achieving excellent results using this methodology. In the authors’ experience, conceptually dividing the thalamus into 6 different regions aids in the selection of the ideal surgical approach fora specific region.
Functional and Clinicopathologic Outcomes Using a Modified Vescica Ileale Padovana Technique
Authors: Flack Chandra K. , Monn M. Francesca , Kaimakliotis Hristos Z. , Koch Michael O. 
Published: May 2015

Objective: To evaluate the clinicopathologic and functional outcomes of a modified Vescica ileale Padovana (VIP) neobladder technique. Methods: Data for 160 patients at a single institution who underwent radical cystectomy and orthotopic VIP neobladder creation between 1998 and 2013 were analyzed. Modified VIP technique involved longitudinal opening of the small bowel close to the anterior mesenteric border instead of along the true anti-mesentery. This allowed for creation of a dependent neourethral funnel and a large serosal surface for ureteral anastomosis, distant from any suture lines. Results: Mean age for the entire cohort was 59.5, with 9% female and 64% with muscle invasive disease prior to cystectomy. Within 30 days of surgery, 16 patients (10%) developed a Clavien grade 3-4 complication and there were no deaths. Ninety-six percent reported minor or no daytime urinary leakage at 12 months, and 70% reported minor or no nighttime urinary leakage. Two- and five-year overall survival rates were 84.2% and 72.6% , respectively. Seven patients developed a ureteral stricture (4%), three (2%) had bladder neck contractures, two (1%) experienced urethral recurrence, and there were no vesicovaginal fistulas. Conclusions: This modified VIP neobladder technique achieves favorable functional, survival, and recurrence outcomes similar to other published orthotopic continent diversions. Its near spheroidal shape lowers internal pressure, allowing for improved continence at physiologic filling capacity, and its offset bowel opening helps prevent unnecessary stretch to the native urethra, even in large individuals. The widened uretero-enteric anastomosis site distant from bowel suture lines contributes to decreased stricture rates and its placement on the dome of the neobladder facilitates endoscopic access should strictures occur. Finally, lack of posterior overlapping suture lines also mitigates the risk of fistulae formation in females should anterior vaginal wall excision or entry be unavoidable.