bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation comparing ground‐based techniques that quantify auroral electron flux and conductance
Authors: Kaeppler S. R. , Hampton D. L. , Nicolls M. J. , Strømme A. , Solomon S. C. , Hecht J. H. , Conde M. G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present three case studies that examine optical and radar methods for specifying precipitating auroral flux parameters and conductances. Three events were chosen corresponding to moderate nonsubstorm auroral activity with 557.7 nm intensities greater than 1kR. A technique that directly fits the electron number density from a forward electron transport model to alternating code incoherent scatter radar data is presented. A method for determining characteristic energy using neutral temperature observations is compared against estimates from the incoherent scatter radar. These techniques are focused on line‐of‐sight observations that are aligned with the local geomagnetic field. Good agreement is found between the optical and incoherent scatter radar methods for estimates of the average energy, energy flux, and conductances. The Pedersen conductance predicted by Robinson et al. (1987) is in very good agreement with estimates calculated from the incoherent scatter radar observations. However, we present an updated form of the relation by Robinson et al. (1987), ΣH/ΣP=0.57〈E〉0.53, which was found to be more consistent with the incoherent scatter radar observations. These results are limited to similar auroral configurations as in these case studies. Case studies are presented that quantify auroral electron flux parameters and conductance estimates which can be used to specify the magnitude of energy dissipated within the ionosphere resulting from magnetospheric driving.
Did the July 2012 solar events cause a “tsunami” throughout the heliosphere, heliosheath, and into the interstellar medium?
Authors: Intriligator Devrie S. , Sun Wei , Dryer Murray , Intriligator James , Deehr Charles , Detman Thomas , Webber William R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe July 2012 major solar events gave rise to manifestations observed at many longitudes/latitudes/radial locations throughout the heliosphere, heliosheath, and into the interstellar medium. For these solar events we present our initial results at 1 AU from our HAFSS (Hakamada‐Akasofu‐Fry Source Surface) three‐dimensional time‐dependent kinematic modeling. Our simulations, using Wang‐Sheeley‐Arge maps and solar event observations, start at 2.5 RS from the center of the Sun. We use both the quiescent background solar conditions and the solar events (e.g., coronal mass ejections (CMEs)) as inputs and propagate outward. We compare HAFSS predictions with in situ spacecraft measurements and conclude that the July 2012 solar events caused a metaphorical “tsunami” in the plasma and magnetic field throughout the heliosphere/heliosheath/interstellar medium. The simulations show evidence of shocks, interaction regions, and rarefaction regions in the inner heliosphere (1 AU) and shocks, global merged interaction regions (GMIRs) and rarefaction regions in the heliosheath. The shocks/interaction regions/GMIRs and the rarefaction regions are, respectively, analogous to the tsunami “crests” and “troughs”. To provide important insights into 3‐D processes, we simulated 1 AU observations (STEREO A and ACE) and observations at Voyager 2 (V2) and Voyager 1 (V1) far off the ecliptic plane: V2 at ~ 30°S, 217° longitude, and 102 AU; V1 at 34°N, 174° longitude, and 124 AU. HAFSS successfully predicted observed CME arrival times at 1 AU. Our results for this tsunami are the first simulations for these events in the distant V2/V1 radial/latitudinal/longitudinal regions based on 3‐D time‐dependent modeling originating at the Sun.
Observation of 27 day solar cycles in the production and mesospheric descent of EPP‐produced NO
Authors: Hendrickx K. , Megner L. , Gumbel J. , Siskind D. E. , Orsolini Y. J. , Tyssøy H. Nesse , Hervig M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is produced by energetic particle precipitation (EPP) in the mesosphere‐lower thermosphere (MLT) region, and during the polar winter, NO can descend to stratospheric altitudes where it destroys ozone. In this paper, we study the general scenario, as opposed to a case study, of NO production in the thermosphere due to energetic particles in the auroral region. We first investigate the relationship between NO production and two geomagnetic indices. The analysis indicates that the auroral electrojet index is a more suitable proxy for EPP‐produced NO than the typically used midlatitude Ap index. In order to study the production and downward transport of NO from the lower thermosphere to the mesosphere, we perform superposed epoch analyses on NO observations made by the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment instrument on board the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere satellite. The epoch analysis clearly shows the impact of the 27 day solar cycle on NO production. The effect is observed down to an altitude range of about 50 km to 65 km, depending on the hemisphere and the occurrence of stratospheric warmings. Initially, a rapid downward transport is noted during the first 10 days after EPP onset to an altitude of about 80–85 km, which is then followed by a slower downward transport of approximately 1–1.2 km/d to lower mesospheric altitudes in the order of 30 days.
Simulations of the Earth's magnetosphere embedded in sub‐Alfvénic solar wind on 24 and 25 May 2002
Authors: Chané E. , Raeder J. , Saur J. , Neubauer F. M. , Maynard K. M. , Poedts S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDuring 24 and 25 May 2002, the solar wind conditions at Earth's orbit were very unusual: the density was extremely low (below 0.1/cc) and, as a result, the flow was subfast and sub‐Alfvénic (the Alfvén Mach number was as low as 0.4 in the rest frame of the Earth). Consequently, the Earth's bow shock disappeared and two Alfvén wings formed on the flanks of the magnetosphere. These two long structures (estimated extension of 600 RE for this event) affect the incoming plasma as follows: the velocity is reduced and the magnetic field rotates. In the present study, global magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the magnetosphere are performed for such upstream solar wind conditions. The simulations show how the magnetosphere configuration dramatically changes when the sub‐Alfvénic solar wind reaches the magnetosphere: the dayside magnetopause expands up to 20 RE, and on the nightside the position of the last closed magnetic field line diminishes to 20 RE. As a result the closed magnetic field line region becomes very symmetric. The open field line configuration also changes such that field lines emanating from the Northern Hemisphere all point in the direction of the dawn Alfvén wing (around 8:00 LT), while the field lines from the Southern Hemisphere all point in direction of the other wing (around 22:00 LT). During the formation of the Alfvén wings, the tail lobes completely disappeared and the auroral activity greatly diminished, i.e., the magnetosphere becomes geomagnetically quiet.
Ionospheric current source modeling and global geomagnetic induction using ground geomagnetic observatory data
Authors: Sun J. , Kelbert A. , Egbert G. D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLong‐period global‐scale electromagnetic induction studies of deep Earth conductivity are based almost exclusively on magnetovariational methods and require accurate models of external source spatial structure. We describe approaches to inverting for both the external sources and three‐dimensional (3‐D) conductivity variations and apply these methods to long‐period (T≥1.2 days) geomagnetic observatory data. Our scheme involves three steps: (1) Observatory data from 60 years (only partly overlapping and with many large gaps) are reduced and merged into dominant spatial modes using a scheme based on frequency domain principal components. (2) Resulting modes are inverted for corresponding external source spatial structure, using a simplified conductivity model with radial variations overlain by a two‐dimensional thin sheet. The source inversion is regularized using a physically based source covariance, generated through superposition of correlated tilted zonal (quasi‐dipole) current loops, representing ionospheric source complexity smoothed by Earth rotation. Free parameters in the source covariance model are tuned by a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation scheme. (3) The estimated data modes are inverted for 3‐D Earth conductivity, assuming the source excitation estimated in step 2. Together, these developments constitute key components in a practical scheme for simultaneous inversion of the catalogue of historical and modern observatory data for external source spatial structure and 3‐D Earth conductivity.
Anti–Melanoma Differentiation–Associated Gene 5 Is Associated With Rapidly Progressive Lung Disease and Poor Survival in US Patients With Amyopathic and Myopathic Dermatomyositis
Authors: Moghadam‐Kia Siamak , Oddis Chester V. , Sato Shinji , Kuwana Masataka , Aggarwal Rohit 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveClinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) is a subset of dermatomyositis (DM) presenting with the characteristic rash of DM without objective muscle weakness. Asian studies report that anti–melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (anti–MDA‐5) autoantibody in CADM is associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD), particularly rapidly progressive ILD (RPILD). These associations have not been established in US myositis patients. The goal of our study was to determine the association of anti–MDA‐5 autoantibody with ILD, RPILD, and survival in US patients with CADM and classic DM.MethodsCADM patients were identified in the University of Pittsburgh Myositis Center Database and matched 1:1 (sex and age) to classic DM controls. Anti–MDA‐5 was measured by serum enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Kaplan‐Meier, log rank, and chi‐square tests were used for analysis.ResultsWe identified 61 CADM patients (62% women, mean age 48.2 years) and 61 classic DM controls (64% women, mean age 44.8 years). The frequencies of anti–MDA‐5 positivity, ILD, and RPILD were similar in the 2 cohorts (MDA‐5 positive: CADM 13.1% [8 of 61] and DM 13.1% [8 of 61], ILD positive: CADM 31.1% [19 of 61] and DM 26.2% [16 of 61], and RPILD positive: CADM 8.2% [5 of 61] and DM 5% [3 of 61]; P = 1, 0.55, and 0.46, respectively). Anti–MDA‐5 positivity was significantly associated with ILD, since 50% of MDA‐5–positive subjects (8 of 16) had ILD versus 25.5% of MDA‐5–negative subjects (27 of 106; P = 0.04). Anti–MDA‐5 was strongly associated with RPILD (P < 0.001). Anti–MDA‐5–positive patients with ILD had worse baseline pulmonary function testing variables compared to anti–MDA‐5–negative patients. Anti–MDA‐5 positivity was significantly associated with poor survival (P = 0.007).ConclusionAnti–MDA‐5 antibody is significantly associated with ILD, RPILD, worse pulmonary outcome, and survival in US classic DM and CADM patients.
Fellow As Teacher Curriculum: Improving Rheumatology Fellows’ Teaching Skills During Inpatient Consultation
Authors: Miloslavsky Eli M. , Criscione‐Schreiber Lisa G. , Jonas Beth L. , O'rourke Kenneth S. , McSparron Jakob I. , Bolster Marcy B. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveEnhancing rheumatology fellows’ teaching skills in the setting of inpatient consultation may have a broad positive impact. Such efforts may improve fellows’ clinical skills and overall patient care. Most importantly, effective resident‐fellow teaching interactions may not only increase residents’ knowledge of rheumatology but may influence their career choice. However, a number of barriers to the resident‐fellow teaching interaction have been identified, including fellows’ teaching skills. We developed the Fellow As Clinical Teacher (FACT) curriculum in order to enhance fellows’ teaching skills during inpatient consultation.MethodsThe FACT curriculum was delivered in two 45‐minute workshops during the 3‐day Winter Symposium of the Carolinas Fellows Collaborative. We evaluated its effect with self‐assessment surveys and fellow performance on the objective structured teaching exercise (OSTE) before and after participation in the curriculum.ResultsNineteen fellows from 4 rheumatology training programs participated in the pre‐ and post‐curriculum OSTEs and 18 fellows completed pre‐ and post‐curriculum surveys. OSTE scores improved on 5 of the 8 items assessed, and the total OSTE score improved as well (34.7 versus 29.5; P < 0.01) after the FACT curriculum. Fellows’ self‐assessment of their teaching skills and intent to teach during consultation also increased after participation in the curriculum.ConclusionThe FACT curriculum, focused on teaching during consultation, improved fellows’ teaching skills and attitudes toward teaching. Improving and increasing fellow teaching, particularly in the consultation setting, may impact patient care, resident and fellow learning, and teaching skills of future faculty, and could potentially influence residents’ career choice.
Histopathologic Findings of Patients With Biopsy‐Negative Giant Cell Arteritis Compared to Those Without Arteritis: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Muratore Francesco , Cavazza Alberto , Boiardi Luigi , Lo Gullo Alberto , Pipitone Nicolò , Germanò Giuseppe , Bisagni Alessandra , Cimino Luca , Salvarani Carlo 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether there are histopathologic features of negative temporal artery biopsy (TAB) that allow differentiation between patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and those without.MethodsAll consecutive patients with negative TAB seen between January 2009 and December 2012 were selected retrospectively. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data at presentation and at each followup visit were collected. A pathologist with expertise in vasculitis and blinded to clinical data and final diagnosis reviewed all negative TABs. Histopathologic features evaluated were the presence of a focal mediointimal scar, medial attenuation, intimal hyperplasia, fragmentation of inner elastic lamina, calcification, adventitial fibrosis, and neoangiogenesis.ResultsAfter a median (interquartile range [IQR]) followup period of, respectively, 19 months (9.2–31.2) and 26.3 months (4.9–36.7) (P = 0.041), 38 (55%) of 69 patients had a final diagnosis of TAB‐negative GCA, while in the remaining 31 (45%) of 69 patients GCA was excluded. The American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for GCA were satisfied by 31 (81.6%) of 38 patients and 2 (6.5%) of 31 patients (P < 0.0001). Compared to non‐GCA patients, those with TAB‐negative GCA had more frequent cranial manifestations and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C‐reactive protein levels. The frequency of patients receiving prednisone, the mean dose, and the duration of prednisone treatment at TAB were similar in the 2 groups. There were no significant differences between TAB‐negative GCA and non‐GCA patients in the frequencies of all the histologic features evaluated.ConclusionThe histologic features of negative TABs evaluated in this study do not allow for the differentiation between GCA and non‐GCA patients. In the absence of an inflammatory infiltrate, other histologic changes of the temporal artery wall are not specific for GCA.
Comparison of Physician‐Based and Patient‐Based Criteria for the Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia
Authors: Wolfe Frederick , Fitzcharles Mary‐Ann , Goldenberg Don L. , Häuser Winfried , Katz Robert L. , Mease Philip J. , Russell Anthony S. , Jon Russell I. , Walitt Brian 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveThe American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2010 preliminary fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria require symptom ascertainment by physicians. The 2011 survey or research modified ACR criteria use only patient self‐report. We compared physician‐based (MD) (2010) and patient‐based (PT) (2011) criteria and criteria components to determine the degree of agreement between criteria methodology.MethodsWe studied prospectively collected, previously unreported rheumatology practice data from 514 patients and 30 physicians in the ACR 2010 study. We evaluated the widespread pain index, polysymptomatic distress (PSD) scale, tender point count (TPC), and fibromyalgia diagnosis using 2010 and 2011 rules. Bland‐Altman 95% limits of agreement (LOA), kappa statistic, Lin's concordance coefficient, and the area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) were used to measure agreement and discrimination.ResultsMD and PT diagnostic agreement was substantial (83.4%, κ = 0.67). PSD scores differed slightly (12.3 MD, 12.8 PT;P = 0.213). LOA for PSD were −8.5 and 7.7, with bias of −0.42. The TPC was strongly associated with both the MD (r = 0.779) and PT PSD scales (r = 0.702).ConclusionThere was good agreement in MD and PT fibromyalgia diagnosis and other measures among rheumatology patients. Low bias scores indicate consistent results for physician and patient measures, but large values for LOA indicate many widely discordant pairs. There is acceptable agreement in diagnosis and PSD for research, but insufficient agreement for clinical decisions and diagnosis. We suggest adjudication of symptom data by patients and physicians, as recommended by the 2010 ACR criteria.
Physical Therapist–Delivered Pain Coping Skills Training and Exercise for Knee Osteoarthritis: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bennell Kim L. , Ahamed Yasmin , Jull Gwendolen , Bryant Christina , Hunt Michael A. , Forbes Andrew B. , Kasza Jessica , Akram Muhammed , Metcalf Ben , Harris Anthony , Egerton Thorlene , Kenardy Justin A. , Nicholas Michael K. , Keefe Francis J. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate whether a 12‐week physical therapist–delivered combined pain coping skills training (PCST) and exercise (PCST/exercise) is more efficacious and cost effective than either treatment alone for knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThis was an assessor‐blinded, 3‐arm randomized controlled trial in 222 people (73 PCST/exercise, 75 exercise, and 74 PCST) ages ≥50 years with knee OA. All participants received 10 treatments over 12 weeks plus a home program. PCST covered pain education and training in cognitive and behavioral pain coping skills, exercise comprised strengthening exercises, and PCST/exercise integrated both. Primary outcomes were self‐reported average knee pain (visual analog scale, range 0–100 mm) and physical function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, range 0–68) at week 12. Secondary outcomes included other pain measures, global change, physical performance, psychological health, physical activity, quality of life, and cost effectiveness. Analyses were by intent‐to‐treat methodology with multiple imputation for missing data.ResultsA total of 201 participants (91%), 181 participants (82%), and 186 participants (84%) completed week 12, 32, and 52 measurements, respectively. At week 12, there were no significant between‐group differences for reductions in pain comparing PCST/exercise versus exercise (mean difference 5.8 mm [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −1.4, 13.0]) and PCST/exercise versus PCST (6.7 mm [95% CI −0.6, 14.1]). Significantly greater improvements in function were found for PCST/exercise versus exercise (3.7 units [95% CI 0.4, 7.0]) and PCST/exercise versus PCST (7.9 units [95% CI 4.7, 11.2]). These differences persisted at weeks 32 (both) and 52 (PCST). Benefits favoring PCST/exercise were seen on several secondary outcomes. Cost effectiveness of PCST/exercise was not demonstrated.ConclusionThis model of care could improve access to psychological treatment and augment patient outcomes from exercise in knee OA, although it did not appear to be cost effective.
Riesiger sphärischer Cluster mit I‐C140‐Fulleren‐Topologie
Authors: Heinl Sebastian , Peresypkina Eugenia , Sutter Jörg , Scheer Manfred 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWir berichten über eine effektive Clustererweiterung von CuBr‐verknüpften Aggregaten infolge zunehmenden sterischen Anspruchs des CpR‐Liganden in den fünffach koordinierenden Molekülen [CpRFe(η5‐P5)]. Durch Verwendung von [CpBIGFe(η5‐P5)] (CpBIG=C5(4‐nBuC6H4)5) wird das neuartige mehrschalige Aggregat [{CpBIGFe(η5:2:1:1:1:1:1‐P5)}12(CuBr)92] erhalten, das eine topologische Analogie zum theoretisch vorhergesagten I‐C140‐Fulleren‐Molekül zeigt. Der ballförmige Cluster wurde umfassend mittels verschiedener Methoden in Lösung und im Festkörper charakterisiert.
Regenerative Potential of Human Schneiderian Membrane: Progenitor Cells and Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Derjac‐Aramă A.I. , Sarafoleanu C. , Manea C.M. , Nicolescu M.I. , Vrapciu A.D. , Rusu M.C. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAn innate osteogenic potential of the Schneiderian membrane (SM) is progressively assessed in studies ranging from non‐human species to human subjects. It has relevance for endosteal placement and osseointegration. Nestin‐expressing osteogenic progenitor cells are allegedly involved in bone formation and remodelling. Nestin phenotype was not assessed previously in human SM. We therefore aimed to fill that particular gap in the literature. Bioptic samples of human adult SM were obtained during surgery from eight adult patients, operated for non‐malignant pathologies. Immunohistochemistry on paraffin‐embedded tissue samples used primary antibodies against nestin, CD45, CD146, cytokeratin 7 (CK7), and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). Nestin expression was consistently found in endothelial cells, and was scarcely encountered in pericytes, putative stromal stem/progenitor cells, as well as in glandular epithelial cells. Moreover, woven bone formation in the periosteal layer of the SM can also be regarded as evidence of the osteogenic potential of this membrane. Nestin and CD45 expression in cells of the primary bone supports the osteogenic potential of SM nestin‐expressing cells and a possible involvement of hematopoietic stem cells in maxillary sinus floor remodeling. CD146, a known inducer of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), was expressed in epithelia, as was CK7. Isolated stromal cells were found expressing CD146, CK7 and α‐SMA, suggesting that regenerative processes happening in the SM may also involve processes of EMT which generate stem/progenitor cells. This study provides additional evidence for the regenerative potential of the Schneiderian membrane and identifies potential roles for cells of its stem niche in osteogenesis. Anat Rec, 298:2132–2140, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.