bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideology, disability, and inclusion: a polemical discourse
Authors: Jackson Robin 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This paper seeks to argue that the life experiences of people with intellectual disabilities in the fields of education, employment, and residential care in the UK are adversely affected by the ideological position taken by the following three groups: (1) a small but readily identifiable group of academics (e.g., in Disability Studies Departments); (2) collective advocacy schemes purportedly representing people with intellectual disabilities (e.g., People First); and (3) major disability charities (e.g., Mencap). The main contention of this paper is that the uncritical adoption and propagation of the inclusionist agenda by these groups has led to the imposition of programs that further disadvantage an already disadvantaged population.
Shear strength predicting of FRP-strengthened RC beams by using artificial neural networks
Authors: Yavuz Gunnur , Arslan Musa Hakan , Baykan Omer Kaan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this study, the efficiency of artificial neural networks (ANN) in predicting the shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, strengthened by means of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), is explored. Experimental data of 96 rectangular RC beams from an existing database in the literature were used to develop the ANN model. Eight different input parameters affecting the shear strength were selected for creating the ANN structure. Each parameter was arranged in an input vector and a corresponding output vector that includes the shear strength of the RC beam. For all outputs, the ANN model was trained and tested using a three-layered back-propagation method. The initial performance of back-propagation was evaluated and discussed. In addition, the accuracy of well-known building codes in predicting the shear strength of FRP-strengthened RC beams was also examined, in a comparable way, using same test data. The study shows that the ANN model gives reasonable predictions of the ultimate shear strength of RC beams (R2≈0.93). Moreover, the study concludes that the ANN model predicts the shear strength of FRP-strengthened RC beams better than existing building code approaches.
Effect of paraffin application technique on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard
Authors: Baharoğlu Mehmet , Nemli Gökay , Sarı Bünyamin , Ayrilmis Nadir , Bardak Selahattin , Zekoviç Emir 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of paraffin application technique on the quality properties of particleboard. The paraffin was applied to the wood particles in three different techniques: (1) before resination, (2) after resination, and (3) with resin. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, thickness swelling, surface roughness parameters, contact angle, and formaldehyde emission of the boards were determined. Statistical analysis showed that paraffin application technique had a significant influence on all properties of particleboards. The boards made using technique (1) had the highest mechanical properties and lowest surface roughness, formaldehyde emission and contact angle values. The worst properties were obtained from the board made using technique (2).
RouteMe – Routing in Ad-hoc-Netzen als pervasives Lernspiel
Authors: Zender Raphael , Dehne Julian , Geßner Hendrik , Lucke Ulrike 
Published: June 2013

Zusammenfassung
Exkursionen (Field Trips) verbinden Lerninhalte mit realen Erlebnissen außerhalb des Hörsaals und sind somit in einer Reihe von Fachrichtungen eine beliebte Methode für einen möglichst persistenten Wissenstransfer. Im Informatikunterricht ist diese Methode bisher nur sehr begrenzt einsetzbar, da Artefakte oftmals virtuell, theoretisch und prozessorientiert sind. Durch pervasive Technologien ist diese Lehrmethode jedoch inzwischen in einer augmentierten und virtuellen Form realisierbar. Dieser Artikel stellt das pervasive Lernspiel RouteMe vor, welches Ad-hoc-Netzwerke auf reale Umgebungen abbildet und Spieler auf eine interaktive Exkursion in die Welt dynamischer Routingprotokolle einlädt.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2-carboxylato-κ2N,O)-zinc(II)-methanol-water (1:1:1), [Zn(C9H5N2O3)2(H2O)2]·CH3OH·H2O, C19H20N4O10Zn
Authors: He Du-Liang , Xiao Bo 
Published: June 2013

Abstract C19H20N4O10Zn, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 7.0535(5) Å, b = 16.181(1) Å, c = 9.4852(5) Å, β = 101.091(6)°, V = 1062.3 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0485, wRref(F2) = 0.1281, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of catena-[pyridine-µ-biphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylato-κ4O,O':O'',O'''-zinc(II)], C61H37NO16Zn4
Authors: Wang Guangyin 
Published: June 2013

Abstract C61H37NO16Zn4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.585(6) Å, b = 19.704(8) Å, c = 23.047(5) Å, β = 108.43(1)°, V = 5422.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0476, wRref(F2) = 0.1168, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of (N-benzoyl-N'-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)thiourea-κS)chlorido(η4-cycloocta-1,5-diene) rhodium(I), C25H30ClN2ORhS
Authors: Warsink Stefan , Roodt Andreas , Venter Johan A. , Riekert Kotze P. D. , Otto Stefanus 
Published: June 2013

Abstract C25H30ClN2ORhS, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 22.508(2) Å, b = 8.5005(7) Å, c = 24.884(2) Å, β = 93.551(4)°, V = 4751.7 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0355, wRref(F2) = 0.0767, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of bis(triphenylphosphine)(carbonyl)(N-benzoyl-N'-(2-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)thioureato-κS,κN)rhodium(I), C52H43N2O3P2RhS
Authors: Warsink Stefan , Roodt Andreas , Venter Johan A. , Riekert Kotze P. D. , Otto Stefanus 
Published: June 2013

Abstract C52H43N2O3P2RhS, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.6260(3) Å, b = 11.7305(3) Å, c = 19.6582(5) Å, α = 76.489(1)°, β = 82.027(1)°, γ = 64.848(1)°, V = 2154.4 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.028, wRref(F2) = 0.0722, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of 9-ethyl-7-methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[b]indole, C15H18N2O2
Authors: Du Hong-Tao , Zhang Zhong-Fei , Li Na , Hao Bing , Wang Jun-Ru 
Published: June 2013

Abstract C15H18N2O2, tetragonal, I41/a (no. 88), a = 14.662(1) Å, c = 26.049(2) Å, V = 5599.9 Å3, Z = 16, Rgt(F) = 0.0461, wRref(F2) = 0.1478, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of 6-benzyl-3-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)-7Hthiazolo[ 3, 2-b]-1,2,4-triazin-7-one, C24H24N4O3S
Authors: Liu Si-Jie , Shang Ruo-Feng , He Jing-Yu , Yue Hong-Kun , Zhou Ran 
Published: June 2013

Abstract C24H24N4O3S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.772(2) Å, b = 18.777(4) Å, c = 13.697(3) Å, β = 97.52(3)°, V = 2236.7 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0395, wRref(F2) = 0.1032, T = 113 K.
Preparation and characterization of block copolymers containing cinnamate groups with end-capped ZnO
Authors: Jitaru Florentina , Buruiana Tinca , Hitruc Gabriela , Buruiana Emil 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract ZnO-poly(2-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate) and ZnO-poly(2-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate)-b-poly[(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] have been prepared by atom transfer polymerization initiated through a 2-bromoisobutyryl or bromoethyl group linked onto the ZnO nanoparticle surface (ZnO-BIBB, ZnO-BEI). The structure and morphology of the hybrids were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence and UV spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron (TEM) and atomic force microscopy. The existence of nanoparticles with diameters varying between 40 and 100 nm was evident in the TEM images of the pure ZnO, ZnO-PCEMA-Br-2 and the diblock copolymer. Under an excitation of 340 nm, these materials exhibit a broad emission band at around 390 nm, which was associated with the presence of ZnO in the organic matrix. Graphical abstract
In vitro bioactivity of Polyurethane/85S Bioglass composite scaffolds
Authors: Radev Lachezar , Zheleva Darina , Michailova Irena 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In the present work Polyurethane (PU)/Bioglass (BG) composite materials were synthesized with different content of BG (10 and 20 mol.%) as filler. The 85S Bioglass was synthesized via polystep sol-gel method. The chemical composition of BG is 85SiO2-10CaO-5P2O5 (wt.%). The synthesis of PU was carried out by a two-step polyaddition reaction. The 85S BG was added in situ during the polymerization reaction. In vitro bioactivity of the prepared composites was examined in the presence of 1.5 SBF for 7 days in static conditions. The structure of synthesized PU/BG composites before and after in vitro test was determined by XRD, FTIR and SEM. XRD of the samples before in vitro test proved that the phase of γCa2P2O7 in the PU/20BG is visible. FTIR revealed the presence of urethane bond between OH-(from BG) and NCO groups (from PU). Based on FTIR results after in vitro test in 1.5 SBF solutions, A/B-carbonate containing hydroxyapatite (CO3HA) was formed. XRD proved that HA was formed on the surface of the samples, but Ca2P2O7 does not undergo any changes in the 1.5 SBF solution. SEM depicted the nano-HA agglomerated in spherical particles after immersion in 1.5 SBF for 7 days.
Modelling and optimization of chromiumIII biosorption on soybean meal
Authors: Witek-Krowiak Anna , Podstawczyk Daria , Chojnacka Katarzyna , Dawiec Anna , Marycz Krzysztof 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract In this investigation a waste biological material, soybean meal, was applied as a biosorbent for heavy metal ions (CrIII). The diffusive Webber-Morris model and the pseudo-II-order model suitably described the kinetics of CrIII ions binding on soybean meal. The Langmuir-Freundlich equation was valid for the description of the isotherm. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), FTIR and scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray analytical system (SEM-EDX) were used in order to identify the mechanism of the metal ions binding. The analysis of the composition of the enriched soybean meal confirmed the contribution of ion exchange in the biosorption process. Three-variable-three-level Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for biosorption of CrIII on soybean meal. The optimal conditions for predicted maximum Cr3+ uptake (61.07 mg g−1) by soybean meal were estimated by Matlab and established as temperature of 38.04°C, initial metal concentration 500 mg L−1 and biosorbent dosage 1 g L−1. Graphical abstract
How to specify the structure of substituted blade-like zigzag diamondoids
Authors: Balaban Alexandru , Rücker Christoph 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract The dualist of an [n]diamondoid consists of vertices situated in the centers of each of the n adamantane units, and of edges connecting vertices corresponding to units sharing a chair-shaped hexagon of carbon atoms. Since the polycyclic structure of diamondoids is rather complex, so is their nomenclature. For specifying chemical constitution or isomerism of all diamondoids the Balaban-Schleyer graph-theoretical approach based on dualists has been generally adopted. However, when one needs to indicate the location of C and H atoms or of a substituent in a diamondoid or the stereochemical relationships between substituents, only the IUPAC polycycle nomenclature (von Baeyer nomenclature) provides the unique solution. This is so since each IUPAC name is associated with a unique atom numbering scheme. Diamondoids are classified into catamantanes (which can be regular or irregular), perimantanes, and coronamantanes. Regular catamantanes have molecular formulas C4n+6H4n+12. Among regular catamantanes, the rigid blade-shaped zigzag catamantanes (so called because their dualists consist of a zigzag line with a code of alternating digits 1 and 2) exhibit a simple pattern in their von Baeyer nomenclature. Their carbon atoms form a main ring with 4n + 4 atoms, and the remaining atoms form two 1-carbon bridges. All zigzag [n]catamantanes with n &gt; 2 have quaternary carbon atoms, and the first bridgehead in the main ring is such an atom. Their partitioned formula is Cn−2(CH)2n+4(CH2)n+4. As a function of their parity, IUPAC names based on the von Baeyer approach have been devised for all zigzag catamantanes, allowing the unique location for every C and H atom. The dualist of such a zigzag catamantane defines a plane bisecting the molecule, and the stereochemical features of hydrogens attached to secondary carbon atoms can be specified relatively to that plane. Graphical abstract
An experimental and theoretical study of the polar [2+3] cycloaddition reactions between 1-chloro-1-nitroethene and (Z)-C-aryl-N-phenylnitrones
Authors: Jasiński Radomir , Mikulska Maria , Barański Andrzej 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract Kinetic studies and B3LYP/6-31g(d) calculations indicate the polar nature of [2+3] cycloadditions between 1-chloro-1-nitroethene to (Z)-C-aryl-N-phenylnitrones. This is clearly confirmed by the activation parameters and the substituent and solvent effects. Graphical abstract
Azo-polysiloxane micelles charged with nifedipine
Authors: Prisacaru Anca-Irina , Grama Silvia , Durdureanu-Angheluta Ana , Pinteala Mariana , Hurduc Nicolae 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract One recent aspect of the research study on polymers is their capability to respond to external stimuli. Of importance are photosensitive polymers due to their application in drug delivery systems, sensors, therapeutic devices or optoelectronic switches. The present paper focuses on the azo-polysiloxane micelles capacity charged with hydrophobic drugs, such as nifedipine. Azo-polysiloxanes modified with quaternary ammonium groups and which are capable to generate photo-sensitive micelles were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, UV-VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy. The critical concentration of the micellar aggregation (CCA) was evaluated as was the nifedipine embedding capacity. The CCA values were influenced only by the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance and not by the chemical structure of the quaternary ammonium groups. The disaggregation capacity of the micelles under UV irradiation was investigated as well, and the best results were obtained for the samples with higher azobenzene content. The DLS measurements evidenced micelles diameters situated in the optimum range domain (70–130 nm). The capacity to incorporate nifedipine inside the micelles was demonstrated. The micelles proved to be stable in time, 21 days after preparation with the diameter having constant values. Graphical abstract
Simple hydrothermal synthesis of Fe3O4-PEG nanocomposite
Authors: Junejo Yasmeen , Baykal Abdulhadi , Sözeri Huseyin 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract We report a one-step hydrothermal synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with Polyethyleneglycol (PEG). The formation of the Fe3O4 core and the polymer coating took place simultaneously. Fe3O4/polyethylene glycol (PEG) magnetic nanocomposite with a core-shell structure with a 17±7 nm crystallite size prepared by simple hydrothermal method. VSM ( Vibrating Sample Magnetometer) analysis proved the superparamagnetic character of the nanocomposite. Graphical abstract
The Ti-Fe-P system: phase equilibria and crystal structure of phases
Authors: Toma Oksana , Dzevenko Mariya , Oliynyk Anton , Lomnytska Yaroslava 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract Phase equilibria was investigated in the Ti-Fe-P system at T = 1070 K in the region 0–67 at.% of P, employing X-ray powder diffraction. The two ternary compounds, namely Ti0.5–0.8Fe1.5−1.2P (Co2Si-type; space group Pnma; a = 0.5964(2)–0.6011(3), b = 0.3575(3)–0.3600(1), c = 0.6828(2)–0.6882(2) nm) and Ti0.85−1.25Fe1.15−0.75P (ZrNiAl-type; space group P-62m; a = 0.6071(4)–0.6117(1), c = 0.3510(9)–0.3506(1) nm) exist in the Ti-Fe-P system at this temperature. The crystal structure of the Ti0.85–1.25Fe1.15−0.75P compound was additionally determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction on the phase with stoichiometric composition. The substitutions of Ti by Fe were observed for Ti5P3.16, Ti3P and TiP phases, and Fe for Ti in the case of Fe3P, Fe2P binary compounds. Graphical abstract
Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol) — hydroxyapatite composites and characterization of their bioactivity
Authors: Balgová Zuzana , Palou Martin , Wasserbauer Jaromír , Kozánková Jana 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract A series of poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes reinforced with hydroxyapatite in various weight percent — 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% were prepared. Hydroxyapatite was prepared by a sol-gel procedure using diammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate as starting materials in an alkaline aqueous environment and then mixed with a solution of poly(vinyl alcohol), which was prepared by dissolving it in water at 85°C. The different mixtures were cast in a mould and evaporated for 7 days at a temperature of 30°C to obtain 1 mm thin membranes. FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the different functional groups in the composites. The surface morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope. In vitro bioactivity tests in Simulated Blood Fluid were performed for up to 28 days, especially for the membrane containing 50 wt.% HA. SEM was used to characterise the surface microstructure of biocomposite membranes before and after soaking in SBF. It was observed that the formation of clusters in membranes increases with increasing amount of HA. The clusters are formed due to agglomeration and crystal growth of HA particles during drying of the membranes. The in vitro bioactivity was found to increase with soaking time of biocomposite materials in simulated blood fluid. Graphical abstract
Quantitative determination of tolfenamic acid and its pharmaceutical formulation using FTIR and UV spectrometry
Authors: Ahmed Sofia , Sheraz Muhammad , Yorucu Ceyla , Rehman Ihtesham 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract The quantitative analysis of Tolfenamic Acid (TA) both as a pure compound and in tablet dosage form has been carried out using FT-IR and UV spectroscopy. In the FT-IR method, a number of characteristic absorption peaks were examined that could be used for analytical purpose. The analysis was carried out by preparing calibration curves of peak height/area versus TA content using two points baseline correction with fixed location, and the data was also analyzed through PLS regression model. In the UV method, ethanolic solutions of the drug were analyzed at 288 nm (λmax) using 480 as the value of A (1%, 1 cm) at the analytical wavelength. The results have been compared statistically for recovery, precision, accuracy and linearity with the British Pharmacopoeial titration method that showed good validity of both test procedures. The two test methods exhibited good recovery of TA with an accuracy of 99.75–100.83% and 99.53–100.11% by FTIR spectrometry for peak height and area respectively and 100.21% for UV method. However, UV spectrometry was found to be more accurate and precise on the basis of statistical evaluation and hence can be employed in the quality control of TA in pharmaceuticals as an alternative to the titration method. Graphical abstract
The study of rutile pigments Ti1−3x
CrxM2x
O2
Authors: Večeřa Jan , Čech Jan , Mikulášek Petr , Šulcová Petra 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract This study deals with rutile pigments of type Ti1−3x Crx M2x O2 (where M = Sb, W and x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.50) prepared by solid state reaction. Chromium is the chromophore (coloring ion); antimony and tungsten are added for achieving electroneutrality. The effect of doping elements (M = Sb, W), calcination temperature (850, 950, 1050, 1150°C) and composition (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.50) on color properties, particle size and electrokinetic (zeta) potential was observed. The optimal conditions for synthesis of these rutile pigments are Sb2O3 as raw material, calcination temperature 1050°C and composition x = 0.20 (Ti0.4Cr0.2Sb0.4O2). This orange-green pigment has high stable dispersion (ζ = −43.81 mV) and good color properties (chroma C = 39.50). However, brightly orange pigment Ti0.85Cr0.05W0.10O2 (x = 0.05) synthesized at temperature 1050°C gives “the finest” color with higher chroma (C = 49.48), but less stable dispersion (ζ = −37.32 mV). In light of phase composition, the optimal calcination temperature is 1150°C. Graphical abstract
Effect of Selected Manual Therapy Interventions for Mechanical Neck Pain on Vertebral and Internal Carotid Arterial Blood Flow and Cerebral Inflow
Authors: Thomas Lucy C. , Rivett Darren A. , Bateman Grant , Stanwell Peter , Levi Christopher R. 
Published: June 2013

Background
Manual therapy of the cervical spine has occasionally been associated with serious adverse events involving compromise of the craniocervical arteries. Ultrasound studies have shown certain neck positions can alter craniocervical arterial blood flow velocities; however, findings are conflicting. Knowledge about the effects of neck position on blood flow may assist clinicians in avoiding potentially hazardous practices.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of selected manual therapeutic interventions on blood flow in the craniocervical arteries and blood supply to the brain using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Design
This was an experimental, observational magnetic resonance imaging study.

Method
Twenty adult participants who were healthy and had a mean age of 33 years were imaged using MRA in the following neck positions: neutral, rotation, rotation/distraction (similar to a Cyriax manipulation), C1–C2 rotation (similar to a Maitland or osteopathic manipulation), and distraction.

Results
The participants were imaged using 3T MRA. All participants had normal vascular anatomy. Average inflow to the brain in neutral was 6.98 mL/s and was not significantly changed by any of the test positions. There was no significant difference in flow in any of the 4 arteries in any position from neutral, despite large individual variations.

Limitations
Only individuals who were asymptomatic were investigated, and a short section of the arteries only were imaged.

Conclusions
Blood flow to the brain does not appear to be compromised by positions commonly used in manual therapy. Positions using end-range neck rotation and distraction do not appear to be more hazardous to cerebral circulation than more segmentally localized techniques.