bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genomics of a symbiont in the early stages of a pest invasion
Authors: Brown Amanda M. V. , Huynh Lynn Y. , Bolender Caitlin M. , Nelson Kelly G. , McCutcheon John P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractInvasive species often depend on microbial symbionts, but few studies have examined the evolutionary dynamics of symbionts during the early stages of an invasion. The insect Megacopta cribraria and its bacterial nutritional symbiont Candidatus Ishikawaella capsulata invaded the southeastern US in 2009. While M. cribraria was initially discovered on wild kudzu plants, it was found as a pest on soybeans within 1 year of infestation. Because prior research suggests Ishikawaella confers the pest status—that is, the ability to thrive on soybeans—in some Megacopta species, we performed a genomic study on Ishikawaella from US. Megacopta cribraria populations to understand the role of the symbiont in driving host plant preferences. We included Ishikawaella samples collected in the first days of the invasion in 2009 and from 23 locations across the insect's 2011 US range. The 0.75 Mb symbiont genome revealed only 47 fixed differences from the pest‐conferring Ishikawaella in Japan, with only one amino acid change in a nutrition‐provisioning gene. This similarity, along with a lack of fixed substitutions in the US symbiont population, indicates that Ishikawella likely arrived in the US capable of being a soybean pest. Analyses of allele frequency changes between 2009 and 2011 uncover signatures of both positive and negative selection and suggest that symbionts on soybeans and kudzu experience differential selection for genes related to nutrient provisioning. Our data reveal the evolutionary trajectory of an important insect‐bacteria symbiosis in the early stages of an invasion, highlighting the role microbial symbionts may play in the spread of invasive species.
White matter pathology and disconnection in the frontal lobe in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)
Authors: Craggs Lucinda J. L. , Yamamoto Yumi , Ihara Masafumi , Fenwick Richard , Burke Matthew , Oakley Arthur E. , Roeber Sigrun , Duering Marco , Kretzschmar Hans , Kalaria Raj N. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging indicates diffuse white matter (WM) changes are associated with cognitive impairment in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). We examined whether the distribution of axonal abnormalities is related to microvascular pathology in the underlying WM.MethodsWe used post‐mortem brains from CADASIL subjects and similar age cognitively normal controls to examine WM axonal changes, microvascular pathology, and glial reaction in up to 16 different regions extending rostro‐caudally through the cerebrum. Using unbiased stereological methods, we estimated length densities of affected axons immunostained with neurofilament antibody SMI32. Standard immunohistochemistry was used to assess amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity per WM area. To relate WM changes to microvascular pathology, we also determined the sclerotic index (SI) in WM arterioles.ResultsThe degree of WM pathology consistently scored higher across all brain regions in CADASIL subjects (P < 0.01) with the WM underlying the primary motor cortex exhibiting the most severe change. SMI32 immunoreactive axons in CADASIL were invariably increased compared with controls (P < 0.01), with most prominent axonal abnormalities observed in the frontal WM (P < 0.05). The SIs of arterioles in CADASIL were increased by 25–45% throughout the regions assessed, with the highest change in the mid‐frontal region (P = 0.000).ConclusionsOur results suggest disruption of either cortico‐cortical or subcortical‐cortical networks in the WM of the frontal lobe that may explain motor deficits and executive dysfunction in CADASIL. Widespread WM axonal changes arise from differential stenosis and sclerosis of arterioles in the WM of CADASIL subjects, possibly affecting some axons of projection neurones connecting to targets in the subcortical structures.
Data quality of the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry: A pilot audit
Authors: Gray Nicholas A , Mahadevan Kumar , Campbell Victoria K , Noble Euan P , Anstey Chris M 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimMost clinical registries in Australia, including the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA), do not audit submitted data. Inaccurate data can bias registry analysis. This study aimed to audit data submitted to ANZDATA from a single region.MethodsA retrospective audit of individual haemodialysis patient data recorded by ANZDATA at 31 December 2009 was completed by nephrologists in a blinded fashion. Original data were recorded by nursing staff. Patients received treatment at a public hospital, two affiliated satellite haemodialysis units, and three private haemodialysis units.ResultsFifty‐one audits were completed of a total 175 patients (29.1%) undertaking haemodialysis in 2009. Primary renal disease was correct in 86.3% (95%CI: 74.3–93.2), although errors in type of glomerulonephritis were common. Date of first dialysis (± 1‐month error margin) was correct for 93.6%. Creatinine at first dialysis (± 10% error margin) was correct in 74.4%. Baseline comorbidity accuracy included: peripheral vascular disease (sensitivity 36.4% (95%CI: 24.6–50.1), specificity 82.8% (95%CI: 70.2–90.7)), ischaemic heart disease (sensitivity 69.2% (95%CI: 55.6–80.2), specificity 88.0% (95%CI: 76.3–94.3)), chronic lung disease (sensitivity 25.0% (95%CI: 15.2–38.3), specificity 93.6% (95%CI: 83.4–97.7)), diabetes (sensitivity 86.4% (95%CI: 74.4–93.2), specificity 96.6% (95%CI: 87.5–99.1)), cerebrovascular disease (sensitivity 75.0% (95%CI: 61.7–84.8), specificity 95.3% (95%CI: 85.8–98.6)), and ever smoked (sensitivity 83.3% (95%CI: 70.3–91.4), specificity 71.4% (95%CI: 57.3–82.3)). Non‐melanoma skin cancer was under‐reported and inaccurate.ConclusionData accuracy was favourable compared with other renal registry validation studies. Data accuracy may be improved by education and training of collectors. A larger audit is necessary to validate ANZDATA.
The views of stakeholders on the role of the primary school in preventing childhood obesity: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Clarke J. , Fletcher B. , Lancashire E. , Pallan M. , Adab P. 
Published: July 2013

SummarySchools are increasingly recognized as an ideal setting for interventions to tackle childhood obesity. A better understanding of the views of key stakeholders would help to engage schools and inform the feasibility of such interventions in practice. This meta‐synthesis of 18 qualitative studies explores the views of parents, school staff, school governors, school nurses and students on the role of the primary school in preventing childhood obesity. Six categories emerged: ‘School as a key setting’; ‘What schools should be doing to promote healthy eating (HE)’; ‘What schools should be doing to promote physical activity (PA)’; ‘General barriers’; ‘Barriers to promoting HE at school’; and ‘Barriers to promoting PA at school’. Thirty‐seven finer‐level themes emerged within these categories. Stakeholders agreed on the key role of the primary school as a setting for obesity prevention, the importance of schools providing and promoting opportunities for HE and PA, and the need for schools to work with parents. Some perceived barriers could be overcome at school level, e.g. using unhealthy foods as rewards/fundraisers or withholding PA for bad behaviour. Leadership and guidance from government were considered to be needed to counteract other observed barriers, particularly regarding school canteens, support for parents and time for PA.
Incidence of osteoradionecrosis following oral and maxillofacial surgery in irradiated head and neck cancer patients
Authors: de Menezes B.C. , de Souza Noronha V.R.A. , Carvalho A.L. , da Silva Freire A.R. , Jham B.C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of osteoradionecrosis following various surgical procedures, including tooth extraction, periodontal surgery, pre‐prosthetic surgery, removal of bone spicules and removal of bone reconstruction/osteosynthesis plates.Material and methodsThe charts of 68 patients who had undergone post‐radiotherapy surgical procedures were reviewed. The following information was obtained: gender, age, radiotherapy dose and field, type of surgical procedure and time between the end of radiotherapy and the surgical procedure.ResultsOsteoradionecrosis developed in 14 patients and did not statistically correlate with gender, radiotherapy dose and field or time between the end of radiotherapy and the surgical procedure. Removal of bone spicules was significantly associated with osteoradionecrosis (P = 0.033), compared with tooth extraction, pre‐prosthetic surgery, removal of reconstruction/osteosynthesis plates and periodontal surgery.ConclusionsOur findings show removal of bone spicules is a significant risk factor for the development of osteoradionecrosis, suggesting that careful evaluation and management of spicules in previously irradiated patients is particularly important in the prevention of osteoradionecrosis.
Multiple benign tumours in the oral and maxillofacial region of an adolescent
Authors: Jeganathan S. , Gerber B. , Curtis A. , Saeed N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMultiple tumours occurring in the oral and maxillofacial region of paediatric patients are extremely rare. This case report describes the successful management of the first documented case of synchronous pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland and Schwannoma of the tongue in a 16‐year‐old girl.
An unusual case of an inverted and impacted maxillary third molar
Authors: Rammal M. , Alfonso C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractInverted and impacted maxillary third molars are an uncommon dental anomaly. The purpose of this case report is to present a rare case of an inverted maxillary third molar whose anatomical position was localised by a panoramic radiograph near the alveolar lobe of the maxillary sinus and the zygomatic process of the maxilla.
Cortical processing of simultaneous hand and foot movements: Evidence from event‐related potentials
Authors: Miller Jeff , Gerstner Natascha 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe motor processes involved in generating simultaneous hand and foot movements were studied by recording event‐related potentials (ERPs) during reaction time tasks in which participants made hand and foot movements either alone or in combination with one another. In particular, we assessed whether the motor potentials generated during combined movements were simply superpositions of the potentials generated during the individual movements in isolation. ERPs generated during single‐limb movements replicated previously observed motor potentials, and those generated during both the execution (Experiment 1) and preparation (Experiment 2) of combined movements showed some deviations from the predictions of the superposition hypothesis, suggesting the presence of neural interactions between the hand and foot movement systems during preparation and execution of these actions.
Different Glycosylation Pattern of Human IgG1 and IgG3 Antibodies Isolated From Transiently as Well as Permanently Transfected Cell Lines
Authors: Vestrheim A. C. , Moen A. , Egge‐Jacobsen W. , Bratlie D. B. , Michaelsen T. E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe effector functions of IgG depend on the presence of carbohydrates attached to asparagine 297 in the Fc portion. In this report, glycosylation profiles of recombinant wild‐type and mutant IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies produced from three cell lines were analysed using LC‐ESI‐Orbitrap. Differences were detected between IgG1 and IgG3, where IgG1 generally contained fucosylated glycoforms, while IgG3 showed a noticeable percentage of non‐fucosylated glycoforms. When using NS‐0 and J558L cells for permanent transfection, IgG1 wt glycoforms differed between the two cell lines, while IgG3 wt glycoforms did not. Transiently transfected HEK 293E cells were used to produce IgG1 and IgG3 wt and mutants, affecting complement activation. Cell supernatants were harvested at early and late time points and analysed separately. IgG's harvested late showed simpler and less developed glycosylation structure compared with those harvested early. IgG's harvested early were slightly more effective in complement activation than those harvested late, while the antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity was unaltered. Generally, the glycosylation pattern of the mutants tested, including a hinge truncate mutant of IgG3, did not differ significantly from the wild‐type IgG's. The difference in glycosylation pattern of IgG1 compared with IgG3 therefore appears not to be due to the long hinge region of IgG3 (62 amino acids) relative to the IgG1 hinge region (15 amino acids). Furthermore, mutation variants at or near the C1q‐binding site showed similar glycosylation structure and difference in their complement activation activity observed earlier is thus most likely due to differences in protein structure only.
The Effects of Organizational Characteristics and State Environmental Policies on Sulfur‐Dioxide Pollution in U.S. Electrical Energy Corporations
Authors: Prechel Harland , Touche George 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveThis article examines the effects of organizational characteristics of parent companies in the electrical energy industry and state environmental policies on environmental pollution. By focusing on parent companies, the study draws attention to the managers who have the authority to make decisions that affect environmental pollution.MethodsThe study employs a cross‐sectional ordinary least squares regression design to examine three measurements of the dependent variable, SO2 emission rates.ResultsWhile controlling for several potential effects, the findings support all four hypotheses, which maintain that greater structural complexity, profits, dividend payments to increase shareholder value, and lower state‐level environmental standards resulted in greater environmental pollution.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that policymakers should focus on capital allocation decisions in parent companies and reexamine the neofederalist policies that provided states with greater autonomy for environmental regulation of corporations in the electrical energy sector.
Feature Inheritance, vP Phases and the Information Structure of Small Clauses
Authors: Jiménez‐Fernández Ángel L. , Spyropoulos Vassilios 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this paper we explore the interaction of discourse properties in the syntax of small clauses from a cross‐linguistic perspective. In line with Chomsky's (,) idea that phasal properties should be extended to all phases, we argue for a strict parallelism between C‐T andv‐V, suggesting thatventers the derivation with both agreement and discourse features. These features may be inherited by V depending on the relevant language. Building on Miyagawa () and Jiménez‐Fernández (), we claim that in Spanish and Greek, in contrast with English, both agreement and discourse features are inherited by V. This strategy accounts for the different order rearrangements detected in small clauses. The proposal can easily be extended to other languages such as Italian, Serbo‐Croatian, Russian and Ukrainian, as opposed to French, Norwegian, Afrikaans and German.
Molecular phylogeny, evolution and classification of the Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera)
Authors: SHORT ANDREW EDWARD Z. , FIKÁČEK MARTIN 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe phylogeny and evolutionary history of the water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) are inferred from comprehensive analyses of DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial genes COI, COII and 16S and the nuclear genes 18S, 28S and arginine kinase. Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses included 151 taxa, representing all subfamilies, tribes and subtribes that have ever been proposed in the family, as well as representatives of the hydrophiloid families Helophoridae, Hydrochidae, Spercheidae, Epimetopidae and Georissidae. The resulting well‐supported trees strongly disagree with prior classifications of the Hydrophilidae, suggesting that the smaller subfamilies (Horelophinae, Horelophopsinae and Sphaeridiinae) are derived from within the larger Hydrophilinae. The existing tribal classification is more compatible with our results, but many significant differences are evident. Here, we present a new classification of the Hydrophilidae comprising 6 subfamilies and 12 tribes. Each subfamily and tribe is reviewed in detail with (i) a morphological diagnosis, including known or putative morphological synapomorphies, (ii) its taxonomic circumscription, including genera not included in our analyses, and (iii) a review of its general biology and geographic distribution. A new identification key to subfamily and tribe based on adult morphology is also provided. The newly adopted classification requires the following taxonomic changes: the subfamily Hydrophilinae sensu n. is redefined to include only the tribes Amphiopini stat.n. (removed from the synonymy with the Chaetarthriini), Berosini, Laccobiini, Hydrophilini and Hydrobiusini (= Sperchopsini syn.n.); the subfamily Chaetarthriinae stat.n. is removed from synonymy with the Hydrophilinae and includes the tribes Chaetarthriini and Anacaenini (= Horelophinae syn.n.); the Acidocerinae stat.n. (= Horelophopsinae syn.n.) and Rygmodinae stat.n. (= Andotypini syn.n., Borborophorini syn.n. and Tormissini syn.n.) are elevated to subfamily rank; and the subfamily Enochrinae subfam.n. is established for the genus Enochrus and its relatives. The implications for the morphological evolution, ecological transitions and biogeography of the family are discussed.
Obtaining Bifurcation Diagrams With a Thermoacoustic Network Model
Authors: Campa Giovanni , Juniper Matthew P. 
Published: July 2013

Linear techniques can predict whether the non-oscillating (steady) state of a thermoacoustic system is stable or unstable. With a sufficiently large impulse, however, a thermoacoustic system can reach a stable oscillating state even when the steady state is also stable. A nonlinear analysis is required to predict the existence of this oscillating state. Continuation methods are often used for this but they are computationally expensive.
In this paper, an acoustic network code called LOTAN is used to obtain the steady and the oscillating solutions for a horizontal Rijke tube. The heat release is modelled as a nonlinear function of the mass flow rate. Several test cases from the literature are analysed in order to investigate the effect of various nonlinear terms in the flame model. The results agree well with the literature, showing that LOTAN can be used to map the steady and oscillating solutions as a function of the control parameters. Furthermore, the nature of the bifurcation between steady and oscillating states can be predicted directly from the nonlinear terms inside the flame model.
Flame Leading Edge and Flow Dynamics in a Swirling, Lifted Flame
Authors: Malanoski Michael , Aguilar Michael , O’Connor Jacqueline , Shin Dong-hyuk , Noble Bobby , Lieuwen Tim 
Published: July 2013

Flames in high swirl flow fields with vortex breakdown often stabilize aerodynamically in front of interior flow stagnation points. In contrast to shear layer stabilized flames with a nearly fixed, well defined flame attachment point, the leading edge of aerodynamically stabilized flames can move around substantially, due to both the inherent dynamics of the vortex breakdown region, as well as externally imposed oscillations. Motion of this flame stabilization point relative to the flow field has an important dynamical role during combustion instabilities, as it creates flame front wrinkles and heat release fluctuations. For example, a prior study has shown that nonlinear dynamics of the flame response at high forcing amplitudes were related to these leading edge dynamics. This heat release mechanism exists alongside other flame wrinkling processes, arising from such processes as shear layer rollup and swirl fluctuations.
This paper describes an experimental investigation of acoustic forcing effects on the dynamics of leading edge of a swirl stabilized flame. Vortex breakdown bubble dynamics were characterized using both high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) and line-of-sight high-speed CH* chemiluminescence. A wide array of forcing conditions was achieved by varying forcing frequency, amplitude, and acoustic field symmetry. These results show significant differences in instantaneous and time averaged location of the flow stagnation points. They also show motion of the flame leading edge that are of the same order of magnitude as corresponding particle displacement associated with the fluctuating velocity field. This observation suggests that heat release fluctuations associated with leading edge motion may be just as significant in controlling the unsteady flame response as the flame wrinkles excited by velocity fluctuations.
Development and Implementation of the AEV Burner for the Alstom GT13E2
Authors: Zajadatz Martin , Pennell Douglas , Bernero Stefano , Paikert Bettina , Zoli Raffaele , Döbbeling Klaus 
Published: July 2013

Increasing public awareness and more stringent legislation on pollutants drive gas turbine manufacturers to develop combustion systems with low NOx emissions. In combination to this demand the gas turbines have to provide a broad range of operational flexibility to cover variations in gas composition and ambient conditions as well as varying daily and seasonal energy demands and load profiles.
This paper describes the development and implementation of the Alstom AEV (Advanced EnVironmental) burner, an evolution of the EV. Continuous fuel supply to two fuel stages at any engine load simplifies the operation and provides a fast and reliable response of the combustion system during transient operation of the gas turbine. Increased turndown with low emissions is an additional advantage of the combustion system upgrade.
Non-Linear Effects in a Lean Partially Premixed Combustor During Limit Cycle Operation
Authors: Roman Casado J. C. , Kok J. B. W. 
Published: July 2013

In a gas turbine combustor limit cycles of pressure oscillations may occur due to a coupling of combustion dynamics to the acoustic field inside the system. In this case, the engine is subjected to high vibrations and the possibility of structural damage.
Experimental research in this subject was carried out in a laboratory combustor operating in a lean, partially premixed methane/air flame, where the flame stabilizes on a triangular bluff body inside a rectangular combustor duct. Depending on the operating point, the flame shows a stable or unstable behavior. In this last case, amplitudes up to 155 dB (ref 20 μPa) have been recorded. The variation of behavior of the instability with operating conditions is well known. The stable combustion presents a low amplitude broadband noise. The unstable regime is more interesting. It has a main peak with high amplitude and fixed frequency and several secondary peaks at multiple times the frequency of the fundamental one. This peaks can be seen in the pressure and heat release spectrum.
The secondary peaks of the pressure spectrum are due to non-linear effects. Odd numbered peaks came from a change in the acoustic boundary conditions in the burner. The even peaks are the result of frequency doubling of the odd frequencies. The frequency doubling comes from a second order source term of the Ligthill’s analogy.