bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verifiable secret sharing based on the Chinese remainder theorem
Authors: Harn Lein , Fuyou Miao , Chang Chin‐Chen 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA (t,n) secret sharing scheme (SS) enables a dealer to divide a secret into n shares in such a way that (i) the secret can be recovered successfully with t or more than t shares, and (ii) the secret cannot be recovered with fewer than t shares. A verifiable secret sharing scheme (VSS) has been proposed to allow shareholders to verify that their shares are generated by the dealer consistently without compromising the secrecy of both shares and the secret. So far, there is only one secure Chinese remainder theorem‐based VSS using the RSA assumption. We propose a Chinese remainder theorem‐based VSS scheme without making any computational assumptions, which is a simple extension of Azimuth–Bloom (t,n) SS. Just like the most well‐known Shamir's SS, the proposed VSS is unconditionally secure. We use a linear combination of both the secret and the verification secret to protect the secrecy of both the secret and shares in the verification. In addition, we show that no information is leaked when there are fewer than t shares in the secret reconstruction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research on hidden malicious user detection problem
Authors: Tingting Liu , Feng Shu 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA method of detecting malicious user based on the enhanced Dempster‐Shafer (D‐S) algorithm for the hidden malicious user in cooperative spectrum sensing frame is proposed in this paper. The validity of this method is established by running simulations in the environment of hidden malicious user with different predefined probabilities. Compared with the original enhanced D‐S algorithm, the proposed method based on enhanced D‐S algorithm in this paper provides a better global sensing performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
iDARE—a reference architecture for integrated software environments
Authors: Tajalli Hossein , Medvidović Nenad 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYTraditionally, software development environments have tended to treat a system's development‐time activities separately from its run‐time. After a system is in operation, it frequently needs to be maintained and evolved. In traditional environments, this results in frequent relocations of a system between the disjoint development and run‐time environments, which is undesirable for several reasons. A more effective solution is to couple the development and run‐time environments to directly monitor and adapt running systems. Given the growing need for interaction between development‐time and run‐time aspects of modern software systems, it is important to understand development and run‐time environments, and their relationship. To this end, we study and classify a wide range of software development environments on the basis of their level of interaction with the corresponding run‐time environments. Particularly, we identify, study, and characterize Self‐Adaptive Life‐cycle Environments (SALEs), an emerging class of modern development environments that are tightly integrated with run‐time environments. We reify our study of the development environments into a novel reference architecture, iDARE, that captures and differentiates the architectures of software environments – from those, such as traditional development environments, that have no interaction with the run‐time environments, to the ones, such as SALEs, that are tightly integrated with the run‐time environments. We use iDARE to highlight several shortcomings of existing SALEs. Adherence to iDARE has the potential to improve certain quality properties of the integrated development and run‐time environments, such as adaptability, fault‐tolerance, robustness, availability, and resource consumption. We identify a number of opportunities for future research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Driving Force and Logic of Development of Advanced High Strength Steels for Automotive Applications
Authors: Bouaziz Olivier , Zurob Hatem , Huang Mingxin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe major scientific and technological advances and breakthroughs of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) were achieved due to the strong demands of automotive industry. The development of AHSS began in the early 1980s with the aim of improving passenger safety and weight‐saving. The present paper presents the driving forces and logic of development of various AHSS for automotive applications since 1980s. The importance of crash performance, weight‐saving, formability, and rigidity are critically reviewed for the development of new steel grades for automotive applications. The logical sequences of the development of dual phase (DP) steel, transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels, tempered DP steels, complex phases (CP) steels, Ferrite‐Bainite steels, hot‐stamping technology, twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels, Quench and Partitioning (Q&P) steels, Medium Mn steels, and steels–polymer composites are presented.
Changes in participants' scientific attitudes and epistemological beliefs during an astronomical citizen science project
Authors: Price C. Aaron , Lee Hee‐Sun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCitizen science projects provide non‐scientists with opportunities to take part in scientific research. While their contribution to scientific data collection has been well documented, there is limited research on how participation in citizen science projects may affect their scientific literacy. In this study, we investigated (1) how volunteers' attitudes towards science and epistemological beliefs about the nature of science changed after six months of participation in an astronomy‐themed citizen science project and (2) how the level of project participation related to these changes. Two main instruments were used to measure participants' scientific attitude and epistemological beliefs and were administered before they registered for the program and six months after their registration. For analysis, we used pre‐ and post‐test data collected from 333 participants who responded to both tests. Among them, nine participants were randomly chosen for interviews. Participants' responses were analyzed using the Rasch Rating Scale Model. Results show that overall scientific attitudes changed positively, p < 0.01. The change was strongest in attitudes towards science news and citizen science projects. The scientific attitudinal change was related to participant social activity in the project. There was a negative change in their evaluation of their knowledge. The interviews suggest that this is due to a greater appreciation for what they have yet to learn. Epistemological beliefs about the nature of science significantly improved from the pre‐ to the post‐tests, p < 0.05. Overall, we found volunteers' participation in social components of the program was significantly related to their improvement in scientific literacy while other project participation variables (such as amount of data contributed to the project) was not. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 773–801, 2013
Firm and industry adaptation to climate change: a review of climate adaptation studies in the business and management field
Authors: Linnenluecke Martina K. , Griffiths Andrew , Winn Monika I. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFirms and industries will have a central role in supporting societal adaptation to the physical impacts of climate change, especially in more directly affected sectors such as agriculture, forestry, construction, or transportation. However, the business and management field has repeatedly been criticized for its lack of engagement with climate change as a pressing issue, and adaptation to the physical impacts of climate change in particular. Our review of adaptation studies in the business and management field suggests that most firm and industry adaptation studies focus on how firms adjust to changing business conditions because of the emergence of new competitors, new products, and markets or because of changed political, economic, and legal conditions; they largely exclude firm adjustments to the changing dynamics of the natural environment. Studies on firm and industry adaptation to climate impacts specifically are beginning to emerge, but they are sparse. There is still little cross‐disciplinary work integrating findings from the natural sciences into business thinking. We also find few considerations of the implications and consequences of climate change for firms and industries to date. This article provides an overview over the existing literature on firm adaptation to climate change, outlines research gaps, and suggests pathways for future research.WIREs Clim Change2013, 4:397–416. doi: 10.1002/wcc.214This article is categorized under:Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Synergism of α‐Linolenic Acid, Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Calcium in Decreasing Adipocyte and Increasing Osteoblast Cell Growth
Authors: Kim Youjin , Kelly Owen J. , Ilich Jasminka Z. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhole fat milk and dairy products (although providing more energy compared to low‐ or non‐fat products), are good sources of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and calcium, which may be favorable in modulating bone and adipose tissue metabolism. We examined individual and/or synergistic effects of ALA, CLA and calcium (at levels similar to those in whole milk/dairy products) in regulating bone and adipose cell growth. ST2 stromal, MC3T3‐L1 adipocyte‐like and MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells were treated with: (a) linoleic acid (LNA):ALA ratios = 1–5:1; (b) individual/combined 80–90 % c9, t11 (9,11) and 5–10 % t10, c12 (10,12) CLA isomers; (c) 0.5–3.0 mM calcium; (d) combinations of (a), (b), (c); and (e) control. Local mediators, including eicosanoids and growth factors, were measured. (a) The optimal effect was found at the 4:1 LNA:ALA ratio where insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and IGF binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3) production was the lowest in MC3T3‐L1 cells. (b) All CLA isomer blends decreased MC3T3‐L1 and increased MC3T3‐E1 cell differentiation. (c) 1.5–2.5 mM calcium increased ST2 and MC3T3‐E1, and decreased MC3T3‐L1 cell proliferation. (d) Combination of 4:1 LNA:ALA + 90:10 % CLA + 2.0 mM calcium lowered MC3T3‐L1 and increased MC3T3‐E1 cell differentiation. Overall, the optimal LNA:ALA ratio to enhance osteoblastogenesis and inhibit adipogenesis was 4:1. This effect was enhanced by 90:10 % CLA + 2.0 mM calcium, indicating possible synergism of these dietary factors in promoting osteoblast and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation in cell cultures.
Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of negatively charged pectin nanoparticles encapsulating paclitaxel
Authors: Verma Anita K. , Kumar A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Pectin, a naturally occurring biopolymer has been found to have increasing applications in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. Sugars with their three-dimensional structures are important for many biological functions. We report preparation of negatively charged pectin nanoparticles encapsulating paclitaxel, a broad-spectrum anticancer drug for possible therapeutic applications. The mean diameter of the nanoparticles was ~300–350 nm with an encapsulation efficiency ~17 %. The TEM studies indicated that the particles were spherical in shape and their sizes are in unison with the DLS size spectra. The surface charge of pectin polymer was −5 mV and of nanoparticles were ~ −32 mV. The enhanced surface charge shows greater stability. The high electrophoretic mobility of ~3.5 to 1.5 μmcm/Vs confirmed the nano-size of particles. We compared the cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel (Pax) per se, pectin nanoparticles (PPN), and pectin chains on Hep G2, hepatic carcinoma cell line. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity was observed, wherein ~21.7 ± 3.2 % cytotoxicity was observed by PPN, but Pax per se showed ~55.6 ± 3.5 % cytotoxicity in a 72-h assay. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies on Balb/c mice indicated that the nanoparticles had prolonged plasma retention of the drug with major accumulation in liver tissue after an i.v. tail vein injection of 20 mg/kg drug. The rank order of concentration are as follows, i.e., liver > kidney > lung > spleen for the PPN and spleen > liver > kidney ≥ lung for Pax per se. The in vitro studies clearly indicated that the efficacy of the drug was not compromised by encapsulation, making it a good candidate to deliver biopharmaceuticals. Nanoparticles produced free radicals in the free cell system and this ability caused oxidative stress, which may give rise to inflammation, cell destruction, and genotoxicity. Thus, the results obtained in this study holds great promise for pectin nanoparticles to be exploited for passive delivery of paclitaxel to tumor tissues, in particular, liver cancers.
At the boundary of the self: The insular cortex in patients with childhood‐onset schizophrenia, their healthy siblings, and normal volunteers
Authors: Moran Marcel E. , Weisinger Brian , Ludovici Katharine , McAdams Harrison , Greenstein Deanna , Gochman Pete , Miller Rachel , Clasen Liv , Rapoport Judith , Gogtay Nitin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe insular cortex (insula), whose normal function involves delineating the boundary between self and non‐self stimuli, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, including hallucinations and delusions. Childhood‐onset schizophrenia (COS), that includes the onset of psychosis before age 13, is a severe and continuous form of the illness which shows profound and global progressive cortical brain abnormalities during adolescence which merge in the adult pattern with age. Using prospectively acquired anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, a matched sample of COS patients, their nonpsychotic full siblings and healthy volunteers, we measured insular volume using the FreeSurfer automated software. COS patients (n = 98; 234 scans) had significantly lower right (p = 0.003), left (p < 0.001), and total (p < 0.001) insular volumes than healthy volunteers (n = 100; 248 scans). Right insular volume negatively correlated with positive symptoms as measured by the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) (p = 0.02), while both left (p = 0.01) and right (p = 0.006) insula volumes were positively correlated with overall functioning, as measured by the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) scores. COS siblings (n = 71; 153 scans), on the other hand, did not differ significantly from normal volunteers suggesting that the insular deficits are more related to the illness state than a familial endophenotype. These results also highlight the salience of the insula in positive symptoms of schizophrenia perhaps resulting from the inability to discriminate between self from the non‐self in COS. Further work to connect insular deficits to other neurocircuitries is warranted.
The classical hydraulic jump in a model of shear shallow-water flows
Authors: Richard G. L. , Gavrilyuk S. L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA conservative hyperbolic two-parameter model of shear shallow-water flows is used to study the classical turbulent hydraulic jump. The parameters of the model, which are the wall enstrophy and the roller dissipation coefficient, are determined from measurements of the roller length and the deviation from the Bélanger equation of the sequent depth ratio (experimental data by Hager & Bremen,J. Hydraul. Res., vol. 27, 1989, pp. 565–585; and Hager, Bremen & Kawagoshi,J. Hydraul. Res., vol. 28, 1990, pp. 591–608). Stationary solutions to the model describe with a good accuracy the free-surface profile of the hydraulic jump. The model is also capable of predicting the oscillations of the jump toe. We show that if the upstream Froude number is larger than${\sim }1. 5$, the jump toe oscillates with a particular frequency, while for the Froude number smaller than 1.5 the solution becomes stationary. In particular, we show that for a given flow discharge, the oscillation frequency is a decreasing function of the Froude number.
Solitary waves in turbulent open-channel flow
Authors: Schneider Wilhelm 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo-dimensional turbulent free-surface flow is considered. The ensemble-averaged flow quantities may depend on time. The slope of the plane bottom of the channel is assumed to be small. The roughness of the bottom is allowed to vary with the space coordinate, leading to small variations in the bottom friction coefficient. An asymptotic analysis, which is free of turbulence modelling, is performed for large Reynolds numbers and Froude numbers close to the critical value 1. As a result, an extended Korteweg–deVries (KdV) equation for the surface elevation is obtained. Other flow quantities, such as pressure, flow velocity components, and bottom shear stress, are expressed in terms of the surface elevation. The steady-state version of the extended KdV equation has eigensolutions that describe stationary solitary waves. Time-dependent solutions of the extended KdV equation provide a means for discriminating between stable and unstable stationary solitary waves. Solutions of initial value problems show that there are transient solutions that approach asymptotically the stable stationary solitary wave, whereas other transient solutions decay asymptotically with increasing time.
Physical processes influencing acoustic radiation from jet engine inlets
Authors: Tam Christopher K. W. , Parrish Sarah A. , Envia Edmane , Chien Eugene W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNumerical simulations of acoustic radiation from a jet engine inlet are performed using advanced computational aeroacoustics algorithms and high-quality numerical boundary treatments. As a model of modern commercial jet engine inlets, the inlet geometry of the NASA Source Diagnostic Test is used. Fan noise consists of tones and broadband sound. This investigation considers the radiation of tones associated with upstream-propagating duct modes. The primary objective is to identify the dominant physical processes that determine the directivity of the radiated sound. Two such processes have been identified. They are acoustic diffraction and refraction. Diffraction is the natural tendency for an acoustic duct mode to follow a curved solid surface as it propagates. Refraction is the turning of the direction of propagation of a duct mode by mean flow gradients. Parametric studies on the changes in the directivity of radiated sound due to variations in forward flight Mach number, duct mode frequency, azimuthal mode number and radial mode number are carried out. It is found there is a significant difference in directivity for the radiation of the same duct mode from an engine inlet when operating in static condition versus one in forward flight. It will be shown that the large change in directivity is the result of the combined effects of diffraction and refraction.
Two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in the limits of infinite and vanishing magnetic Prandtl number
Authors: Tran Chuong V. , Yu Xinwei , Blackbourn Luke A. K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe study both theoretically and numerically two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence at infinite and zero magnetic Prandtl number $\mathit{Pm}$ (and the limits thereof), with an emphasis on solution regularity. For $\mathit{Pm}= 0$, both $\Vert \omega \Vert ^{2} $ and $\Vert j\Vert ^{2} $, where $\omega $ and $j$ are, respectively, the vorticity and current, are uniformly bounded. Furthermore, $\Vert \boldsymbol{\nabla} j\Vert ^{2} $ is integrable over $[0, \infty )$. The uniform boundedness of $\Vert \omega \Vert ^{2} $ implies that in the presence of vanishingly small viscosity $\nu $ (i.e. in the limit $\mathit{Pm}\rightarrow 0$), the kinetic energy dissipation rate $\nu \Vert \omega \Vert ^{2} $ vanishes for all times $t$, including $t= \infty $. Furthermore, for sufficiently small $\mathit{Pm}$, this rate decreases linearly with $\mathit{Pm}$. This linear behaviour of $\nu \Vert \omega \Vert ^{2} $ is investigated and confirmed by high-resolution simulations with $\mathit{Pm}$ in the range $[1/ 64, 1] $. Several criteria for solution regularity are established and numerically tested. As $\mathit{Pm}$ is decreased from unity, the ratio $\Vert \omega \Vert _{\infty } / \Vert \omega \Vert $ is observed to increase relatively slowly. This, together with the integrability of $\Vert \boldsymbol{\nabla} j\Vert ^{2} $, suggests global regularity for $\mathit{Pm}= 0$. When $\mathit{Pm}= \infty $, global regularity is secured when either $\Vert \boldsymbol{\nabla} \boldsymbol{u}\Vert _{\infty } / \Vert \omega \Vert $, where $\boldsymbol{u}$ is the fluid velocity, or $\Vert j\Vert _{\infty } / \Vert j\Vert $ is bounded. The former is plausible given the presence of viscous effects for this case. Numerical results over the range $\mathit{Pm}\in [1, 64] $ show that $\Vert \boldsymbol{\nabla} \boldsymbol{u}\Vert _{\infty } / \Vert \omega \Vert $ varies slightly (with similar behaviour for $\Vert j\Vert _{\infty } / \Vert j\Vert $), thereby lending strong support for the possibility $\Vert \boldsymbol{\nabla} \boldsymbol{u}\Vert _{\infty } / \Vert \omega \Vert \lt \infty $ in the limit $\mathit{Pm}\rightarrow \infty $. The peak of the magnetic energy dissipation rate $\mu \Vert j\Vert ^{2} $ is observed to decrease rapidly as $\mathit{Pm}$ is increased. This result suggests the possibility $\Vert j\Vert ^{2} \lt \infty $ in the limit $\mathit{Pm}\rightarrow \infty $. We discuss further evidence for the boundedness of the ratios $\Vert \omega \Vert _{\infty } / \Vert \omega \Vert $, $\Vert \boldsymbol{\nabla} \boldsymbol{u}\Vert _{\infty } / \Vert \omega \Vert $ and $\Vert j\Vert _{\infty } / \Vert j\Vert $ in conjunction with observation on the density of filamentary structures in the vorticity, velocity gradient and current fields.
Electromagnetically driven zonal flows in a rapidly rotating spherical shell
Authors: Hollerbach Rainer , Wei Xing , Noir Jérõme , Jackson Andrew 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe consider the flow of an electrically conducting fluid confined in a rotating spherical shell. The flow is driven by a directly imposed electromagnetic body force, created by the combination of an electric current flowing from the inner sphere to a ring-shaped electrode around the equator of the outer sphere and a separately imposed predominantly axial magnetic field. We begin by numerically computing the axisymmetric basic states, which consist of a strong zonal flow. We next compute the linear onset of non-axisymmetric instabilities, and fully three-dimensional solutions up to ten times supercritical. We demonstrate that an experimental liquid-sodium device 50 cm in diameter could achieve and exceed these parameter values.
Spreading and bistability of droplets on differentially heated substrates
Authors: Bostwick J. B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn axisymmetric drop spreads on a radially heated, partially wetting solid substrate in a rotating geometry. The lubrication approximation is applied to the field equations for this thin viscous drop to yield an evolution equation that captures the dependence of viscosity, surface tension, gravity, centrifugal forces and thermocapillarity. We study the quasi-static spreading regime, whereby droplet motion is controlled by a constitutive law that relates the contact angle to the contact-line speed. Non-uniform heating of the substrate can generate both vertical and radial temperature gradients along the drop interface, which produce distinct thermocapillary forces and equivalently flows that affect the spreading process. For the non-rotating system, competition between surface chemistry (wetting) and thermocapillary flows induced by the thermal gradients gives rise to bistability in certain regions of parameter space in which the droplets converge to an equilibrium shape. The centrifugal forces that develop in a rotating geometry enlarge the bistability regions. Parameter regimes in which the droplet spreads indefinitely are identified and spreading laws are computed to compare with experimental results from the literature.