bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Epoxy-Based Polymer Suitable for Water Shut-Off Application?
Authors: Hakiki Farizal , Salam Damian Dion , Akbari Achmad , Nuraeni Nuraeni , Aditya Wisnu , Siregar Septoratno 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Well known use of epoxy-based polymer is to plug a selective layer in completion process. The similar behaviour related to its gelation as a completion fluid is a trigger to ask a question: Is epoxy-based polymer suitable for WSO (water shut-off) application too? Therefore, this paper is aimed to study the applicability of epoxy-based polymer to "reducing excessive produced water treatment" called WSO covering synthesising and core-flood experiment. An epoxy-based polymer is synthesised in various temperature and concentration of reagents those are epoxy and triethylenetetramine which are vary from 6.25% to 50% which diluted in acetone with volume over volume concentration. The polymer is then characterised using Fann-VG to know the rheology and the gelation behavior with respect to the variables above mentioned. A polymer consists of 50% (v/v) epoxy and 50% (v/v) triethylenetetramine is chosen to be applied in core-flood apparatus operating at room temperature, 20 psia injection and 120 psia confining pressure. Sandstone core with various porosity and permeability are tested to reduce its poro-perm due to epoxy-based polymer injection. Variation on concentration has shown that higher concentration gives shorter gelation period. Gelation is defined as a time required to dramatically changing the viscosity profile. These gelation data can be modelled into a simple mathematical model with multivariable consist of concentration and temperature. Sandstone cores undergo a reduction on its porosity over than 54% and permeability upto 100% which means it has potential to resist or even plug a layer with high water cut.
A New Thermal Degradation Model of Polymer in High-Temperature Reservoirs
Authors: Lu Xiang'an , Jiang Hanqiao , Smørgrav Eivind , Li Junjian , Ding Shuaiwei , Li Chen , Liu Guangwei 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Polymer flooding in high-temperature reservoirs generally shows rather poor performance since the injected polymer suffers from severe thermal degradation which leads to ineffective in-situ sweep efficiency. Due to the absence of accurate viscosity description, simulation results of high-temperature reservoir tend to be far from expectation. The aim of this study is to modify an existing reservoir numerical simulation model to simulate polymer behavior with significant thermal degradation in high-temperature reservoirs.
Experimental results show three obvious phenomena for polymer thermal degradation: polymer apparent viscosity follows exponential decline, mass concentration of the polymer solution remains constant during the whole degradation process, and partially degraded polymer won't cause a complete viscosity loss. Currently the concept of ‘half-life’ has been widely used in numerical simulation to describe thermal degradation. An attenuation term was then introduced in the conservation equation to characterize degradation as viscosity decline caused by loss of polymer mass concentration, which was conflicted with the actual experimental results stated above. Thus we proposed a modified viscosity model where degradation was described through the modification of viscosity field, that is, the relationship between viscosity and concentration. The new degradation model has been verified by mathematical analysis and implemented in MATLAB-MRST. Moreover, influence of thermal degradation on viscosity field distribution for steady state flow could be clearly displayed through the newly developed model.
In this work, polymer thermal degradation has been characterized through viscosity modification directly. The new degradation model can explain experiment results more precisely and is also suitable for different polymer types. Calculation results based on the viscosity modification model are rather helpful to evaluate the effect of thermal degradation and simulate the polymer concentration field.
Deep Water Reservoir Characterization and Its Challenges in Field Development Drilling Campaign, Kutei Basin, Indonesia - A Case Study
Authors: Kurniawan D. , Cook D. C. , Majesta C. , September B. , Buldani I. , Ciuffardi M. , Gumulya F. I. , Kurnia P. , Aquilina G. , Prasetia F. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Prediction of the presence, distribution and quality of deep water reservoir requires integration of all subsurface disciplines (Geology, Sedimentlology, Geophysics, Petrophysics, Operational Geology and Reservoir Engineering). Complex environments of deposition and reservoir architectures must be understood by integrating all disciplines to ensure optimal resource development and hydrocarbon recovery. The case study is located in Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The subsurface description is challenging because the field is a system of individual hydraulically discrete reservoir "segments" not all of which have been penetrated. Several subsurface challenges have been identified using all subsurface data (seismic, core and log) in order to optimizing the development drilling campaign and for developing the production strategy.
Seismic attributes are used to delimit the segment boundaries and thickness, determining the impact of seismic tuning has been particularly important in understanding reservoir geometry uncertainties. The extensive series of 3D seismic processing attribute extractions, seismic interpretations and supportive studies have been utilized to design a drilling sequence, well placement and formation evaluation plan that will reduce uncertainty/risk in the drilling campaign process.
All exploration wells encountered gas within Pliocene deep water turbiditic sandstones characterized by staked, very thin to moderately thick bedded sandstone bodies separated by thick to very thick intervals of shale and siltstones. Those sediments are product of submarine canyon fill. Generally, the sandstones have good to excellent reservoir properties (porosity 0.22-0.30 with permeability &gt;100 mD).
The other challenge is that the reservoirs consist of thinly bedded sandstone-siltstone and shale, where the conventional log analysis can underestimate hydrocarbon pore thickness and volume in such beds. It will impact static and dynamic modeling for gas in place calculation. Hence, thin beds analysis should be performed to obtain reliable interpretation by using proper logging tool and method.
The results of characterizing and mitigating the risks have been applied in the planning and execution of development wells during drilling campaign of the case study and is considered successful finding good quality sandstone reservoirs. Development of deepwater gas fields in Indonesia is in its early stages. The depositional environment is challenging due to the number of separate reservoir systems included in a single development. Limited well control requires heavy reliance on seismic interpretation of two different data sets.
Well Manufacturing Concept and Its Implementation: Key Technology to Unlock Unconventional Resources
Authors: Han Min , Wu Shuhong , Zhang Feng 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Unconventional resources are showed to be very rich and abundant, which is definitely good news to countries like China which has the huge demand for energy. However, some technical and economic challenges are still existing to unlock such huge potentials, like the high development cost, environmental protection issues, and high risk due to the lack of experiences. How to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost through streamlined working process and upgrade technologies is the main focus.
Well manufacturing system is the tool to meet the demands, which includes several following elements, optimized pad design according to the geographic conditions and the optimized working process, bespoke rigs (including off-line capability, module design, quick move system, automatic and remote control) and centralized drilling management to improve efficiency of supporting functions (including waste management, water management, power management and improved coordination). The paper will detail the basic principle to design the well site layout, the comparison between conventional drilling process and well manufacturing process and also, bespoke rig with the characteristic of fast move, off line capability and safe operation and its application in oil field of China and Canada.
For the conventional drilling process, Swiss army knife rig drills the well one by one and a new one can only start with the completion of the previous one which is time-consuming due to waiting on cementing, BOP installation and testing. Once a failure happened, the whole process will be stopped. For the well manufacturing progress, the whole drilling and completion process becomes a production line in the factory which greatly improves the efficiency. Actually, the shallower the well is, the more time can save, because its advantages in fast rig moving and smooth transfer between processes can be fully leveraged.
The implementation of well manufacturing shows that it can improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of well drilling and provide more integrated, innovative technical solutions for the exploration of the unconventional resources, which will bring the encouraging technical and economic benefits.
Evaluation of Dual Injection Methods for Multiple Zone Steamflooding
Authors: Hight M. A. , Redus C. L. , Lehrmann J. K. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
For multiple oil zone reservoirs, it is advantageous to steam flood two zones at the same time to take advantage of overburden heating. To have adequate control over injection rates to each zone and provide injection streams with different steam qualities or water temperatures, two separate injection streams are required. With injection wells already in place, the most economical method is to use the same injection well to flood two zones simultaneously. Three dual injection methods were tried and tested at Texaco's Kern River Field in Bakersfield, California.
Because dual injection results in an excessive amount of heat transfer between injection streams, it was imperative to predict steam quality or water temperature at the sandface for each injection stream. To adequately evaluate the merits of each method, a computer model was written to predict downhole temperatures, steam qualities, and pressures of each injection stream. Field tests of the three injection configurations provided measurements necessary for the validation of the model. This paper describes the computer model, the field test and the results from the three dual injection scenarios.
Real Earnings Management before and after Reporting SOX 404 Material Weaknesses
Authors: Järvinen Tuukka , Myllymäki Emma-Riikka 
Published: October 2015

SYNOPSIS
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether SOX Section 404 material weaknesses manifest in real earnings management behavior. The empirical findings indicate that, compared to companies with effective internal controls, companies with existing material weaknesses in their internal controls engage in more manipulation of real activities (particularly inventory overproduction). This implies that the weak commitment by management to provide effective internal control system and high-quality financial information relates to a tendency to use real earnings management methods. Moreover, we find evidence suggesting that companies employ real earnings management (overproduction and reduction of discretionary expenses) after disclosing previous year's material weaknesses. We conjecture that the public disclosure of material weaknesses induces management to strive to mitigate the expected negative reactions of stakeholders to the disclosure by engaging in real earnings management, which is not easily detected or constrained by outsiders. Overall, this study suggests that material weaknesses in internal controls signal an environment where management is more inclined to employ real earnings management.
The Effects of Prior Manager-Auditor Affiliation and PCAOB Inspection Reports on Audit Committee Members' Auditor Recommendations
Authors: Abbott Lawrence J. , Brown Veena L. , Higgs Julia L. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
This study investigates (1) the extent to which audit committee members (ACM) of small publicly traded companies utilize Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) inspection reports in their auditor selection recommendations when management recommends hiring the auditor, and (2) whether the Sarbanes-Oxley Act's mandated one-year cooling-off period mitigates independence concerns of ACM resulting from a prior management-auditor affiliation in the same auditor selection context. We use financially literate professional participants as proxies for ACM who make a Likert-scale based recommendation for hiring the auditor. Our study manipulates a hypothetical, triennially inspected auditor's inspection results (favorable/unfavorable) as an auditor competence indicator and a prior management-auditor affiliation (present/absent) as an auditor independence indicator. We document that participants incorporate the inspection results into their selection recommendations, that prior affiliation negatively impacts ACMs' selection recommendations, and that auditor independence effects are contingent upon auditor competence. More specifically, auditor independence impacts auditor selection decisions only when auditor competence is favorable.
First year university student engagement using digital curation and career goal setting
Authors: Antonio Amy , Tuffley David 
Published: October 2015

The engagement of students is one of the most pressing issues facing higher education in the 21st century. Around the world, participation rates in tertiary education are on the rise and one of the key challenges facing educators is finding ways to engage these students. We present the results of a project that assesses the impact of an engagement strategy in which a cohort of students entering their first year of university (1) establish and maintain a clear goal of their ideal future career and (2) make use of a web-based digital curation tool to research and present their findings. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy, which could arguably be applied to a broad range of disciplines given that the majority of students today are technologically literate.Keywords: engagement; goal setting; digital curation; higher education(Pulished: 20 October 2015)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2015, 23: 28337 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.28337
Evaluation of fipronil baits against Microtermes mycophagus (Blattodea: Termitidae)
Authors: Iqbal Naeem , Evans Theodore A. , Saeed Shafqat , Khan Hafiz Azhar Ali 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy of fipronil baits in suppressing or eliminating field colonies of Microtermes mycophagus (Desneux) (Blattodea: Termitidae) an important subterranean termite pest in Pakistan. We tested two doses (10 and 30 ppm) of fipronil in toilet paper baits, chosen from laboratory repellency tests. We monitored four colonies for foraging activity for one month before baiting, and mapped foraging territories with termites marked with Nile Blue A and agonistic tests. Before the fipronil baits were installed there were averages of 782–1938 workers and soldiers per bait station in the four colonies. After baiting, the colonies were eliminated as there were no workers per bait station, whereas the control colony had an average of 1142 workers per bait station. The three possibly eliminated colonies consumed around 47 mg of fipronil formulation (4.7 mg active ingredient) in 45–90 days. Our results suggest that baits containing fipronil could provide an economical and feasible alternative for the management of M. mycophagus in structures and buildings in Pakistan.
ADSORPTION OF WATER-EXTRACTABLE PROTEINS IN NATURAL RUBBER LATEX SERUMS BY POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE)/POLYETHYLENEIMINE CORE-SHELL NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Jivapongvitoon Aditjaya , Sunintaboon Panya , Loykulnant Surapich , Suchiva Krisda 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Poly(methyl methacrylate)/polyethyleneimine (PMMA/PEI) core-shell nanoparticles were prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. Micrographs from a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope displayed their spherical shape with core-shell morphology in which PMMA was a core and PEI was a shell. The PMMA/PEI nanoparticles' ability to adsorb proteins from the serum of commercial low-ammonia preserved fresh field natural rubber latex was illustrated. The driving force for adsorption was proposed to be mainly via electrostatic interaction between the protonated amino groups of PEI chains on the nanoparticles' surface and phospholipids or protein molecules on NR particles. The reduction percentage was about 50%, depending on the content of PMMA/PEI nanoparticles and mixing time. For comparison, the protein reduction performance by the nanoparticles with two additional extracted serums, high-ammonia preserved concentrated NRL and Thai advanced preservative system NRL, which have different initial protein contents and pH values, was also investigated. The preliminary evaluation of PMMA/PEI nanoparticles' performance in sulfur-prevulcanized high-ammonia preserved concentrated NRL was also studied. Its corresponding sheet had lower extractable proteins by 50% and had tensile strength and elongation at break of 25.5 MPa and 715%, respectively.
Injury-Induced Inflammation and Inadequate HSP Expression in Mesothelial Cells upon Repeat Exposure to Dual-Chamber Bag Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids
Authors: Bender Thorsten O. , Kratochwill Klaus , Herzog Rebecca , Ulbrich Andrea , Böhm Michael , Jörres Achim , Aufricht Christoph 
Published: October 2015

Purpose Peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) may induce inadequate heat-shock protein (HSP) expression and injury-related inflammation in exposed mesothelial cells. The aim of this study was to relate cellular injury to these cellular responses in mesothelial cells following repeated exposure to 3 commercial PDFs with different biocompatibility profiles. Methods Primary cultures of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) were exposed to a 1:2 mixture of cell culture medium and CAPD2 (single-chamber bag PDF; Fresenius, Bad Homburg, Germany), Physioneal (dual-chamber bag PDF; Baxter, Deerfield, IL, USA) or Balance (dual-chamber bag PDF, Fresenius) for up to 10 days exposure time (4 dwells). Supernatant was analyzed for LDH, IL-6, and IL-8, cells for HSP-72 expression, and protein content. Results PDF exposure resulted in a biphasic pattern of cell damage switching from an earlier phase with increased injury by single-chamber PDF to a delayed phase with increased susceptibility to dual-chamber PDF. Sterile inflammation was related to LDH release over time and could be reproduced by exposure to necrotic cellular material. PDF exposure resulted in low HSP-72 expression in all tested PDFs. Conclusions Exposure to single-chamber as well as to dual-chamber bag PDFs induce increased vulnerability of mesothelial cells to repeated exposure of the same solution. These effects were delayed with dual-chamber PDFs. Injury-induced inflammation and impaired HSP expression upon PDF exposure might initiate a vicious cycle with progredient mesothelial cell damage upon repeated PDF exposure. Certainly, interventional studies and translation of these results into the in vivo system is needed.
Relief in Small and Simple Matters in Belgium
Authors: Voet Stefaan 
Published: October 2015

Relief in Small and Simple Matters in Belgium
This article is based on a national report that was written for the XVth World Congress of the International Association of Procedural Law that was held in Istanbul in May 2015 and that focused on Effective Judicial Relief and Remedies in an Age of Austerity. It first of all sketches the general judicial context in Belgium and some of its relevant features: the judicial organisation, the goals of the civil justice system, the course of an ordinary civil lawsuit, the role of the court, and the litigation costs. Next, a detailed and critical overview of the current and future procedures that offer relief in small and simple matters is given. The current summary order for payment procedure, which was introduced in 1967, did not meet its goals. The article concludes that a new trend is emerging in Belgium, namely keeping small and unchallenged claims outside the judiciary and providing for cheaper and more efficient alternatives.
Tinkering in Game Worlds
Authors: Nitsche Michael 
Published: October 2015

This essay discusses machinima as a form of media tinkering that combines modifications of technology with content re-mixing. Drawing on parallels to early radio enthusiasts, this essay argues that machinima makers can be understood as digital crafters who use games as production tools as well as cultural reference. Mike Munson’s machinima piece “The Tyrant” (2006), is examined here as exemplary of such combined forms of media re-crafting. Ultimately, the perspective advocated through this analysis demands the inclusion of production processes in our wider understanding of digital art literacy, of which machinima is one manifestation.
Cyclone Xaver seen by geodetic observations
Authors: Fenoglio‐Marc L. , Scharroo R. , Annunziato A. , Mendoza L. , Becker M. , Lillibridge J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCyclone Xaver pounded the North Sea on 5–6 December 2013 and reached its maximum in the German Bight the second day. Combined geodetic measurements from the SARAL/AltiKa satellite and from a local geodetic network detect cross‐shelf and alongshore variations and loading vertical deformation. The cross‐shelf root‐mean‐square differences between observations and predictions are 30 cm for surge height, 2 m for significant wave height, and 4 m/s for wind speed, with significant biases. The different wind forcing mainly causes the predicted height differences. The smallest standard deviation difference between observed and predicted vertical displacements is from HyFlux2 forced by DWD wind, with a 52% reduction in the standard deviation by subtracting prediction from observations. The GPS network monitors the anticlockwise surge path with maximum land subsidence of 3–5 cm. The tide gauge network monitors both the anticlockwise path of the external wave and the surge associated with strong northwesterly winds.