bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three trends in higher education and their potential impact on information agencies
Authors: Cervone H Frank 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– In this paper three technological trends are explored. While these trends are not directly related to each other, the author posits that they are all manifestations of areas where libraries and librarians could play a more active role in using the technology to further the mission of the library. Taken together, the author discusses how these trends become a call to action for libraries and librarians to more directly engage in areas of responsibility outside their traditional domain if they wish to maintain a relevant role in the academy.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, an analysis of three of the trends discussed in the “NMC Horizon Project short list: 2013 higher education edition” report is undertaken. From this analysis, the author evaluates the relevance, in both the short- and long-terms, of these trends to academic libraries.

Findings
– These three trends represent areas where libraries and librarians should attempt to become more directly involved in either using or exploiting technology. While two of these trends involve technology that is outside the traditional boundaries of librarianship, each of these technology trends will be increasingly critical to the higher education environment and it would behoove librarians to be at the forefront of thought leadership in these areas.

Originality/value
– In this article, the author takes what seem to be unrelated trends and finds a common thread among them. Part of understanding how the needs of a library’s user community may evolve over time is through identifying how a number of factors, many apparently unrelated, come together to change the overall focus and direction of patron needs. By looking at technology trends that are seemingly unrelated to libraries directly, the author develops a picture of what future directions academic libraries may take if they desire to maintain relevancy in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.
Functions and development of red pulp macrophages
Authors: Kurotaki Daisuke , Uede Toshimitsu , Tamura Tomohiko 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTMacrophages are extremely heterogeneous mononuclear phagocytes widely distributed throughout the body. They play unique roles in each organ where they reside. Among macrophage subsets, red pulp macrophages (RPMs) that localize in the splenic red pulp, are critical for maintenance of blood homeostasis by actively phagocytosing injured and senescent erythrocytes and blood‐borne particulates. Recent evidence indicates that RPMs are mainly generated during embryogenesis and are maintained during adult life. Furthermore, the cell‐intrinsic and ‐extrinsic factors (namely, Spi‐C, IRF8/4, heme oxygenase‐1, and M‐CSF) that regulate the development and survival of RPMs have been identified. Although the immunological properties of RPMs have yet to be elucidated fully, pioneering studies have demonstrated that these cells are capable of inducing differentiation of regulatory T cells via expression of transforming growth factor‐β and secrete a large amount of type I interferons during parasitic infections. In this review, we describe recent advances in understanding of the functions and development of RPMs.
Bortezomib in combination with infusional dose‐adjusted EPOCH for the treatment of plasmablastic lymphoma
Authors: Castillo Jorge J. , Reagan John L. , Sikov William M. , Winer Eric S. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryPlasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive CD20‐negative lymphoma. Despite improvements of the biology behind PBL, it still represents a challenge from the diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives for pathologists and clinicians. PBL is characterized by high rates of relapse and short median survival with standard approaches. Here, we report the use of the combination of bortezomib and infusional etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin (V‐EPOCH) in three patients with PBL; two were HIV‐positive and one was HIV‐negative. All three patients obtained a durable complete response to V‐EPOCH with survival times of 24, 18 and 12 months respectively.
P38 and JNK signal pathways are involved in the regulation of phlorizin against UVB‐induced skin damage
Authors: Zhai Yimiao , Dang Yongyan , Gao Wenke , Zhang Ye , Xu Peng , Gu Jun , Ye Xiyun 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPhlorizin is well known to inhibit sodium/glucose cotransporters in the kidney and intestine for the treatment of diabetes, obesity and stress hyperglycaemia. However, the effects of phlorizin against ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation and its molecular mechanism are still unknown. We examined the effects of phlorizin on skin keratinocyte apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, pro‐inflammatory responses after UVB irradiation and the changes of some signal molecules by in vitro and in vivo assay. We observed that phlorizin pretreatments inhibited HaCaT cell apoptosis and overproduction of ROS induced by UVB. Phlorizin also decreased the expression of UVB‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) at the mRNA level. Topical application of phlorizin on UVB‐exposed skin of nude mice prevented the formation of scaly skin and erythema, inhibited the increase of epidermal thickness and reduced acute inflammation infiltration in skin. Additionally, PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical data showed that phlorizin reversed the overexpression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2) induced by UVB irradiation both in vitro and in vivo. The activation of p38 and JNK mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) after UVB irradiation was also inhibited by phlorizin. These findings suggest that phlorizin is effective in protecting skin against UVB‐induced skin damage by decreasing ROS overproduction, Cox‐2 expression and the subsequent excessive inflammation reactions. It seemed that p38 and JNK MAPK signal pathways are involved in the regulation of the protective function of phlorizin.
Oxidation of Fe(II)‐EDTA by nitrite and by two nitrate‐reducing Fe(II)‐oxidizing Acidovorax strains
Authors: Klueglein N. , Picardal F. , Zedda M. , Zwiener C. , Kappler A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe enzymatic oxidation of Fe(II) by nitrate‐reducing bacteria was first suggested about two decades ago. It has since been found that most strains are mixotrophic and need an additional organic co‐substrate for complete and prolonged Fe(II) oxidation. Research during the last few years has tried to determine to what extent the observed Fe(II) oxidation is driven enzymatically, or abiotically by nitrite produced during heterotrophic denitrification. A recent study reported that nitrite was not able to oxidize Fe(II)‐EDTA abiotically, but the addition of the mixotrophic nitrate‐reducing Fe(II)‐oxidizer, Acidovorax sp. strain 2AN, led to Fe(II) oxidation (Chakraborty & Picardal, 2013). This, along with other results of that study, was used to argue that Fe(II) oxidation in strain 2AN was enzymatically catalyzed. However, the absence of abiotic Fe(II)‐EDTA oxidation by nitrite reported in that study contrasts with previously published data. We have repeated the abiotic and biotic experiments and observed rapid abiotic oxidation of Fe(II)‐EDTA by nitrite, resulting in the formation of Fe(III)‐EDTA and the green Fe(II)‐EDTA‐NO complex. Additionally, we found that cultivating the Acidovorax strains BoFeN1 and 2AN with 10 mm nitrate, 5 mm acetate, and approximately 10 mm Fe(II)‐EDTA resulted only in incomplete Fe(II)‐EDTA oxidation of 47–71%. Cultures of strain BoFeN1 turned green (due to the presence of Fe(II)‐EDTA‐NO) and the green color persisted over the course of the experiments, whereas strain 2AN was able to further oxidize the Fe(II)‐EDTA‐NO complex. Our work shows that the two used Acidovorax strains behave very differently in their ability to deal with toxic effects of Fe‐EDTA species and the further reduction of the Fe(II)‐EDTA‐NO nitrosyl complex. Although the enzymatic oxidation of Fe(II) cannot be ruled out, this study underlines the importance of nitrite in nitrate‐reducing Fe(II)‐ and Fe(II)‐EDTA‐oxidizing cultures and demonstrates that Fe(II)‐EDTA cannot be used to demonstrate unequivocally the enzymatic oxidation of Fe(II) by mixotrophic Fe(II)‐oxidizers.
Comparing US paediatric and adult weight classification at the transition from late teenage to young adulthood
Authors: Maring B. , Greenspan L. C. , Chandra M. , Daniels S. R. , Sinaiko A. , Prineas R. J. , Parker E. D. , Adams K. F. , Daley M. F. , Sherwood N. E. , Kharbanda E. O. , Margolis K. L. , Magid D. J. , O'Connor P. J. , Lo J. C. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackgroundAlthough paediatric growth charts are recommended for weight assessment prior to age 20, many teenagers transition earlier to adult care where absolute body mass index (BMI) is used. This study examines concordance of weight classification in older teenagers using paediatric percentiles and adult thresholds.MethodsBMI from 23 640 US teens ages 18–19 years were classified using paediatric BMI percentile criteria for underweight (< 5th), normal (5th to < 85th), overweight (85th to < 95th), obesity (≥ 95th) and severe obesity (≥ 120% × 95th percentile) and adult BMI (kg m−2) criteria for underweight (< 18.5), normal (18.5–24.9), overweight (25–29.9) and obesity: class I (30–34.9), class II (35–39.9) and class III (≥ 40). Concordance was examined using the kappa (κ) statistic. Blood pressure (BP) from the same visit was classified hypertensive for BP ≥ 140/90.ResultsThe majority of visits (72.8%) occurred in adult primary care. Using paediatric/adult criteria, 3.4%/5.2% were underweight, 66.6%/58.8% normal weight, 15.7%/21.7% overweight, 14.3%/14.3% obese and 4.9%/6.0% severely/class II–III obese, respectively. Paediatric and adult classification for underweight, normal, overweight and obesity were concordant for 90.3% (weighted κ 0.87 [95% confidence interval, 0.87–0.88]). For severe obesity, BMI ≥ 120% × 95th percentile showed high agreement with BMI ≥ 35 kg m−2 (κ 0.89 [0.88–0.91]). Normal‐weight males and moderately obese females by paediatric BMI percentile criteria who were discordantly classified into higher adult weight strata had a greater proportion with hypertensive BP compared with concordantly classified counterparts.ConclusionsStrong agreement exists between US paediatric BMI percentile and adult BMI classification for older teenagers. Adult BMI classification may optimize BMI tracking and risk stratification during transition from paediatric to adult care.
Microanalysis of Calcium Codoped LaAl(Si6−zAlz)(N10−zOz) (z~1): Ce3+ Blue Phosphor
Authors: Takahashi Kohsei , Dierre Benjamin , Cho Yujin , Sekiguchi Takashi , Xie Rong‐Jun , Hirosaki Naoto 
Published: January 2015

Cathodoluminescence spectra of Ca codoped (La,Ce)Al(Si6−zAlz)(N10−zOz) (z~1) (termed JEM phase) phosphors were analyzed microscopically. The as‐prepared samples consisted of a major JEM phase and a small amount of β‐sialon and/or α‐sialon depending on the Ca concentration. A microscale distribution of three different emission spectra was clearly observed on one phosphor particle, which was originated from the blue‐emitting JEM:Ce (430 nm), β‐sialon:Ce (435 nm) and Ca‐α‐sialon:Ce (475 nm), respectively. The volume ratio of the three phases thus led to changes in the bandwidth and the maximum position of the emission spectrum, and the redshift of CL spectra with increasing Ca concentration was dominantly attributed to the enhanced emission from Ca‐α‐sialon. The microanalysis of phosphor particles with the aid of cathodoluminescence spectroscopy indicated a similar result of the phase assembly that was identified by the powder X‐ray diffraction.
Optimizing Microwave‐Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Red Delicious and Jonathan Apple Pomace
Authors: Chandrasekar Vaishnavi , Martín‐González M.F. San , Hirst Peter , Ballard Tameshia S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted extraction (MAE) of phenolic antioxidants from the pomace of Red Delicious and Jonathan apple varieties was optimized using response surface methodology. Optimization parameters included solvent type, microwave power, solvent volume to sample ratio and extraction time. Optimum conditions were based on the total polyphenol content (TPC) of extracts. Antioxidant activities of optimized extracts were also measured by inhibition percentage (IP) of the DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) free radical. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to identify and quantify some of the major phenolics extracted. Red Delicious pomace had the highest TPC (15.8 mg GAE/g) obtained under the optimum extraction conditions of 735 W power and 149 s extraction time with 10.3 mL of ethanol per gram dry sample. The DPPH IP of this extract was 77.1%. Phloridzin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and quercetrin were some of the major polyphenols identified in the extracts. MAE was found to be an effective method of extracting antioxidant compounds from apple pomace.Practical ApplicationsExtraction of phenolics from apple pomace using microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) has significant potential compared with traditional extraction methods, as it significantly reduces extraction time and solvent consumption while generating higher extraction yields. The optimized extraction conditions obtained in this study resulted in extracts with high concentrations of polyphenols and high DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) radical‐scavenging activity. Optimized extraction conditions were found to be independent of apple variety and therefore can be extended to extraction of phenolics from the pomace of other apple cultivars. This work opens the door for further research on the feasibility of an industrial‐scale continuous MAE process for the recovery of these valuable compounds from apple pomace. In addition, there is promise for these value‐added extracts to be used in a number of applications, including the extension of product shelf life (as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants), functional food ingredients and dietary supplements.
Analysis of leaf surfaces using scanning ion conductance microscopy
Authors: WALKER SHAUN C. , ALLEN STEPHANIE. , BELL GORDON , ROBERTS CLIVE J. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryLeaf surfaces are highly complex functional systems with well defined chemistry and structure dictating the barrier and transport properties of the leaf cuticle. It is a significant imaging challenge to analyse the very thin and often complex wax‐like leaf cuticle morphology in their natural state. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to a lesser extent Atomic force microscopy are techniques that have been used to study the leaf surface but their remains information that is difficult to obtain via these approaches. SEM is able to produce highly detailed and high‐resolution images needed to study leaf structures at the submicron level. It typically operates in a vacuum or low pressure environment and as a consequence is generally unable to deal with the in situ analysis of dynamic surface events at submicron scales. Atomic force microscopy also possess the high‐resolution imaging required and can follow dynamic events in ambient and liquid environments, but can over exaggerate small features and cannot image most leaf surfaces due to their inherent roughness at the micron scale. Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), which operates in a liquid environment, provides a potential complementary analytical approach able to address these issues and which is yet to be explored for studying leaf surfaces. Here we illustrate the potential of SICM on various leaf surfaces and compare the data to SEM and atomic force microscopy images on the same samples. In achieving successful imaging we also show that SICM can be used to study the wetting of hydrophobic surfaces in situ. This has potentially wider implications than the study of leaves alone as surface wetting phenomena are important in a range of fundamental and applied studies.
Migration of pediatric epidural catheters
Authors: Strandness Thomas , Wiktor Marisa , Varadarajan Jaya , Weisman Steven 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackgroundPostoperative pain control in the pediatric population frequently involves epidural catheters placed intraoperatively. A retrospective review of epidural catheter tip position was conducted by evaluation of routine chest anterior–posterior (A‐P) X‐rays obtained by the surgical and ICU teams.MethodsOf the 174 pediatric epidural catheters placed during a 1‐year period at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, 59 pediatric patients with chest X‐rays demonstrating epidural catheter tip on at least 2 days were reviewed. The change in epidural catheter position was then calculated. The overall reason for discontinuation of epidural analgesia in the larger population was also compiled.ResultsIt was determined that epidural catheters migrated more frequently in patients <10 kg and 10–40 kg, when compared to those >40 kg P < 0.001. The average migration seen on X‐ray was 1.1 levels inward in those <40 kg and 0.3 levels inward in those >40 kg. The incidence of catheters discontinued secondary to falling out, or migrating in, was also increased in those patients <40 kg when compared to those >40 kg.ConclusionResults suggest that epidural catheters move inward more frequently and fall out more frequently in patients <40 kg.
Clinical Assessment Versus MRI Diagnosis of Meniscus Tears
Authors: Brady Megan P. , Weiss Windee 
Published: January 2015

Clinical Scenario:Common injuries in high-level and recreational athletes, nonathletes, and the elderly are medial and lateral meniscus tears. Diagnosis of meniscus tears is done with clinical exam, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and arthroscopy. The gold standard is arthroscopy, but accuracy of a clinical exam versus MRI diagnosis of meniscus tears is in question. A clinician’s ability to detect a meniscus tear is beneficial to the patient from a timing standpoint. The process of obtaining an MRI and results could be lengthy, but if the meniscus tear is accurately diagnosed clinically, the patient could be suspended from athletics or specific job duties to prevent further injury. In addition, rehabilitation could be initiated immediately, resulting in better outcomes for the patient. The ability to diagnose a meniscus tear clinically could initiate the rehabilitation process much sooner than waiting for MRI testing and results. Beginning the rehabilitation phase earlier may lead to faster postoperative rehabilitation and better patient outcomes. Clinical detection of a meniscus tear will facilitate possible suspension, early treatment, and rehabilitation recommendations, but the MRI will provide more specific information about the injury, including type and location of tear. Thus, surgical decisions such as operative versus nonoperative or meniscectomy versus repair would be based on MRI results.Focused Clinical Question:Is a clinical exam as accurate as an MRI scan for diagnosing meniscus tears?
Upper-Extremity Physical-Performance Tests in College Athletes
Authors: Taylor Jeffrey B. , Wright Alexis A. , Smoliga James M. , DePew J. Tyler , Hegedus Eric J. 
Published: January 2015

Context:Physical-performance tests (PPTs) are commonly used in rehabilitation and injury-prevention settings, yet normative values of upper-extremity PPTs have not been established in high-level athletes.Objective:To establish normative data values for the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper-Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) and Upper-Quarter Y-Balance Test (UQYBT) in college athletes and compare results between sports and to analyze the relationship between the 2 tests.Design:Observational.Setting:Laboratory/athletic facility.Participants:257 (118 male, 139 female) Division I athletes participating in basketball, soccer, baseball, lacrosse, volleyball, track and field, and cross-country.Intervention:CKCUEST and UQYBT scores were recorded as part of a comprehensive injury-risk screening battery.Main Outcome Measure:Pearson correlations assessed the relationship between all measures of the CKCUEST and UQYBT. A factorial ANOVA and a repeated-measures ANOVA (arm dominance) were used to assess interactions between sex, year in school, and sport for CKCUEST and UQYBT scores.Results:Normative values for the CKCUEST and UQYBT were established for 9 men’s and women’s college sports. No significant relationships were found between PPT scores. Men scored significantly higher than women for the CKCUEST (P = .002) and UQYBT (P = .010). Baseball players scored significantly higher than athletes from all other sports for the UQYBT (P < .001) but showed nonsignificant trends of lower scores for the CKCUEST than lower-extremity-dominant athletes such as runners (P = .063) and lacrosse players (P = .058).Conclusions:Results suggest that average CKCUEST and UQYBT scores in Division I athletes are distinct from those previously reported in recreationally active populations and that performance differences exist between sexes and sports. In addition, the CKCUEST and UQYBT appear to measure different constructs of performance and may complement each other as part of a screening battery.
Evaluation of a Low-Density Hydrogel Microarray Technique for Mycobacterial Species Identification
Authors: Zimenkov Danila V. , Kulagina Elena V. , Antonova Olga V. , Krasnova Maria A. , Chernyaeva Ekaterina N. , Zhuravlev Vyacheslav Y. , Kuz'min Alexey V. , Popov Sergey A. , Zasedatelev Alexander S. , Gryadunov Dmitry A. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

In addition to the obligatory pathogenic species of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex and
Mycobacterium leprae
, the genus
Mycobacterium
also includes conditionally pathogenic species that in rare cases can lead to the development of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Because tuberculosis and mycobacteriosis have similar clinical signs, the accurate identification of the causative agent in a clinical microbiology laboratory is important for diagnostic verification and appropriate treatment. This report describes a low-density hydrogel-based microarray containing oligonucleotide probes based on the species-specific sequences of the
gyrB
gene fragment for mycobacterial species identification. The procedure included the amplification of a 352-nucleotide fragment of the gene and its hybridization on a microarray. The triple-species-specific probe design and the algorithm for hybridization profile recognition based on the calculation of Pearson correlation coefficients, followed by the construction of a profile database, allowed for the reliable and accurate identification of mycobacterial species, including mixed-DNA samples. The assay was used to evaluate 543 clinical isolates from two regions of Russia, demonstrating its ability to detect 35 mycobacterial species, with 99.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity when using
gyrB
, 16S, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) fragment sequencing as the standard. The testing of clinical samples showed that the sensitivity of the assay was 89% to 95% for smear-positive samples and 36% for smear-negative samples. The large number of identified species, the high level of sensitivity, the ability to detect mycobacteria in clinical samples, and the up-to-date profile database make the assay suitable for use in routine laboratory practice.