bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early glycaemic control is predictive of long‐term control: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Jackson C , Wernham EM , Elder CJ , Wright NP 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThere is a paucity of long‐term data examining the relationship between early glycaemic control, in children and young people diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and long‐term control. We wanted to determine whether early glycaemic control can predict long‐term control. In addition, we examined whether initial presentation with ketoacidosis predicts future control.A retrospective observational study of 155 children diagnosed with T1DM was undertaken examining HbA1c values collected over a 14‐year period (1990–2004). HbA1c levels at diagnosis, over the first year after diagnosis and subsequent HbA1c were analysed by Pearson Correlation and multiple regression analysis to determine whether early glycaemic control is predictive of future, long‐term control.The cohort of 155 (81 male) currently aged between 2.4–18.3 years had a mean age at diagnosis of 6.6 years, with a mean duration of diabetes of 5.0 years. HbA1c levels at diagnosis (correlation coefficient 0.351, p < 0.05) and within the first year (correlation coefficient 0.438, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of long‐term control; diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation had no predictive value (correlation coefficient ‐0.096, p=0.326). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the mean HbA1c level within the first year was the best predictor of the long‐term HbA1c (r2 = 0.471).Early glycaemic control is predictive of long‐term control. Health professionals seek to identify critical points in the evolution of T1DM at which to intervene in the hope of improving outcome, and this study identifies the first year as such a critical time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Comparison of daytime 12‐hour metabolic profiles after treatment with repaglinide and gliclazide in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Peter R , Dunseath G , Luzio SD , Owens DR 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the effect of repaglinide and gliclazide on glucose and pancreatic beta‐cell secretory products in response to serial test meals, over a 12‐hour period during the day, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).T2DM subjects (n=12), on metformin and repaglinide three times a day preprandially, underwent baseline 12‐hour glucose and hormonal (specific insulin and intact proinsulin) daytime profiles in response to three identical standard 500kcal test meals 4?hours apart. Subjects were then switched from repaglinide to twice‐daily gliclazide for the study period of three months, after which the 12‐hour profiles were repeated under identical conditions.Fasting plasma glucose, insulin and intact proinsulin concentrations were similar with the two treatments. Postprandial glucose excursions were significantly lower with repaglinide for both Meals 1 and 2 (both p < 0.05). Insulin to glucose ratios were significantly greater with repaglinide in response to Meal 1 (p < 0.01). Postprandial insulin and intact proinsulin (all p < 0.01) responses were also significantly higher with repaglinide after the first meal.Repaglinide is a more potent and shorter‐acting insulin secretagogue but its effects are predominantly in response to the first meal of the day, which may be influenced by the relatively higher beta‐cell secretory capacity after a period of fasting. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Lattice dynamics of short‐period AlN/GaN superlattices: Theory and experiment
Authors: Davydov V. Yu. , Roginskii E. M. , Smirnov A. N. , Kitaev Yu. E. , Yagovkina M. A. , Kyutt R. N. , Rozhavskaya M. M. , Zavarin E. E. , Lundin W. V. , Smirnov M. B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe report on the first observation of folded acoustic phonons in the Raman spectra of short‐period AlN/GaN superlattices (SLs). The values of longitudinal and transverse sound velocities along the [0001] direction of SL were estimated. It is shown that the SL period can be evaluated from Raman data with a good accuracy. Ab initio calculations of the zone‐center phonons in (AlN)n(GaN)n SLs with the number of monolayer equal to n = 2,4,6 were performed. The frequencies of phonon modes were calculated and the mode displacement patterns have been established. The theoretical Raman spectra were simulated and compared with experimental ones. A strong sensitivity of A1(LO) phonons confined within the AlN layer to its thickness was revealed both experimentally and in calculations. This finding can be used for quantitative characterization of short‐period AlN/GaN SLs.
Donor and acceptor doping effects on the electrical conductivity of CaBi2Nb2O9 ceramics
Authors: Chen Huanbei , Guo Xiangxin , Cui Zhonghui , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe effects of donor dopants and acceptor dopants (A and B sites) on the resistivity of CaBi2Nb2O9 (CBN) ceramics were studied. The results indicate that the dominant conduction mechanism of pure CBN is p‐type. When the donor doping amount x < 0.05 on A site and x < 0.02 on B site, the resistivity increased with increasing donor doping. With a further increase of donor doping, the resistivity decreased since conductivity mechanism changes from p‐type to n‐type. The resistivity with acceptor doping is decreased at low temperature and equal to the pure CBN ceramic at high temperature since the resistivity of the grain boundary decreases. This work provides a way to obtain high‐resistivity CBN ceramics by appropriate donor doping, which is benefit for use in high‐temperature piezoelectrics.
Bayesian model averaging in astrophysics: a review
Authors: Parkinson David , Liddle Andrew R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe review the use of Bayesian model averaging in astrophysics. We first introduce the statistical basis of Bayesian model selection and model averaging. We discuss methods to calculate the model‐averaged posteriors, including Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), nested sampling, population Monte Carlo, and reversible jump MCMC (RJMCMC). We then review some applications of Bayesian model averaging in astrophysics, including measurements of the dark energy and primordial power spectrum parameters in cosmology, cluster weak lensing, and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect data, estimating distances to Cepheids and classifying variable stars. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 6: 3–14, 2013
Reactivity Studies of LAlH2 [L = HC(CMeNAr)2, Ar = 2, 6‐iPr2C6H3] with 2‐[(2‐Hydroxybenzylidene)amino]‐3‐mercapto­propionic Acid and Benzene‐1, 2‐diamine
Authors: Ma Xiaoli , Hao Pengfei , Li Jie , Roesky Herbert W. , Yang Zhi 
Published: January 2013

Abstract The reaction of LAlH2 [L = HC(CMeNAr)2, Ar = 2, 6‐iPr2C6H3] (1) with 2‐[(2‐hydroxybenzylidene)amino]‐3‐mercaptopropionic acid and benzene‐1, 2‐diamine resulted in the compounds LAl[(μ‐O)(o‐C6H4)][(μ‐O)(COCHCH2SH)](NCH) (2) and LAl(μ‐NH)2(o‐C6H4) (3), respectively. Compound 2 is an unusual aluminum Schiff base, which exhibits a C3NAlO six‐ and a C2NAlO five‐membered ring, which share the same Al←N coordinate bond. Moreover the aluminum atom is five‐coordinate and functions as the center of the three heterocycles. Compound 3 features an organic‐inorganic hybrid containing a C2N2Al five‐membered ring. Complexes 2 and 3 were characterized by 1H NMR, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.
Diagnosing mucopolysaccharidosis IVA
Authors: Wood Timothy C. , Harvey Katie , Beck Michael , Burin Maira Graeff , Chien Yin‐Hsiu , Church Heather J. , D'Almeida Vânia , van Diggelen Otto P. , Fietz Michael , Giugliani Roberto , Harmatz Paul , Hawley Sara M. , Hwu Wuh‐Liang , Ketteridge David , Lukacs Zoltan , Miller Nicole , Pasquali Marzia , Schenone Andrea , Thompson Jerry N. , Tylee Karen , Yu Chunli , Hendriksz Christian J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA; Morquio A syndrome) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a deficiency of N‐acetylgalactosamine‐6‐sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) activity. Diagnosis can be challenging and requires agreement of clinical, radiographic, and laboratory findings. A group of biochemical genetics laboratory directors and clinicians involved in the diagnosis of MPS IVA, convened by BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., met to develop recommendations for diagnosis. The following conclusions were reached. Due to the wide variation and subtleties of radiographic findings, imaging of multiple body regions is recommended. Urinary glycosaminoglycan analysis is particularly problematic for MPS IVA and it is strongly recommended to proceed to enzyme activity testing even if urine appears normal when there is clinical suspicion of MPS IVA. Enzyme activity testing of GALNS is essential in diagnosing MPS IVA. Additional analyses to confirm sample integrity and rule out MPS IVB, multiple sulfatase deficiency, and mucolipidoses types II/III are critical as part of enzyme activity testing. Leukocytes or cultured dermal fibroblasts are strongly recommended for enzyme activity testing to confirm screening results. Molecular testing may also be used to confirm the diagnosis in many patients. However, two known or probable causative mutations may not be identified in all cases of MPS IVA. A diagnostic testing algorithm is presented which attempts to streamline this complex testing process.
An evaluation of supracondylar humerus fractures: Is there a correlation between postponing treatment and the need for open surgical intervention?
Authors: Kronner John M. , Legakis Julie E. , Kovacevic Natalia , Thomas Ronald L. , Reynolds Richard A. K. , Jones Eric T. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose The goal of this study was to evaluate the treatment and recovery of patients treated for Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures in order to determine if postponing treatment leads to a higher rate of open surgical treatment or complications. Methods A retrospective study was conducted examining the medical records of children with Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures at our institution for a two-year period. The patients included in the study were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Results After exclusions, 134 patients were included in the study, with an average age of 5.6 years. The patients were grouped according to whether their treatment was postponed (39.6 %) or immediate (60.4 %). The majority of all patients were treated using CRPP: 46 (86.8 %) of the postponed patients and 75 (92.6 %) of the immediate patients. Very few postsurgical complications occurred in the patients; there was only one (1.6 %) case of iatrogenic nerve injury in a postponed patient as well as four (3.8 %) cases of loss of carrying angle: one (2.3 %) in postponed patients and three (4.8 %) in immediate patients. Conclusions Postponing treatment of type III supracondylar humerus fractures in children did not lead to an increase in open surgical treatment; nor did it lead to an increase in complications.
Effects of Bai‐Hu decoction on fever induced by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Jia Li‐Long , Li Ran , Ma Ji , Fan Ying , Li Hai‐Bo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the antifebrile effect and mechanisms of Bai‐Hu decoction (BHD), a traditional Chinese medical (TCM) prescription. The rabbits used in this study received an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after being orally administered with BHD, ibuprofen, or saline, and their rectal temperatures were monitored by a copper–constantan thermocouple. Concentrations of interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) in serum and hypothalamus were assayed using the commercially available rabbit IL‐1β and TNF‐α enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits following the manufacturer's instructions. The BHD treatment group exhibited a significant fall in body temperature in both peaks compared with the LPS group (p < 0.05). BHD reduced the concentrations of IL‐1β and TNF‐α in serum, and of TNF‐α in hypothalamus to control the febrile responses at 1 hour. Besides the levels of IL‐1β in hypothalamus and serum, the concentration of TNF‐α in hypothalamus was decreased remarkably in the BHD group than in the LPS group at 3 hours. The main findings, the partial mechanisms of BHD in reducing biphasic fever elicited by LPS, were that treatments with the crude extract of BHD could remarkably reduce the increased concentrations of IL‐1β and TNF‐α, not only in serum but also in hypothalamus. The results indicated that BHD would be a valuable candidate for further investigation as a traditional antifebrile and anti‐inflammatory natural drug.
Do FOMC minutes matter to markets? An intraday analysis of FOMC minutes releases on individual equity volatility and returns
Authors: Jubinski Daniel , Tomljanovich Marc 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the 2006 to 2007 time period to determine the extent to which the release of the Federal Reserve minutes affects equity volatility and returns for 2832 individual firms. Using intraday data, we find that equity returns are essentially unaffected by FOMC minutes releases. We do find evidence of volatility effects, in that conditional volatility is lower prior to the minutes release and higher after the minutes release on release days, relative to a “control” day one week prior to the release date. These differences manifest at the 2:00–2:05 pm interval, and generally dissipate within 15 min. Consistent with previous literature, we also find evidence of both industry‐specific and firm size effects in our data. Finally, we see that volatility is higher (lower) when the minutes are released after the Federal Reserve engages in restrictive (expansionary) monetary policy. Our results are robust to a variety of different definitions of the “control” dates, as well as differing industry definitions.
Morphological consequences of lateral outfracture of the inferior turbinate
Authors: Hanna B C , Bailie N , Gallagher G , Cole J 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjective:We report three cases of lateral outfracture of the inferior turbinate, which demonstrate a range of changes in the size, position and shape of the inferior turbinate.Method:During a study of the validity of computer modelling of nasal airflow, computed tomography scans of the noses of patients who had undergone lateral outfracture of the inferior turbinate were collected. The pre-operative scan was compared with the post-operative scan six weeks later.Results:In one patient, there was only a small lateral displacement of the inferior turbinate. In the other two cases, appreciable reduction in the volume of one inferior turbinate was noted, in addition to minor changes in the shape.Conclusion:Lateral outfracture of the inferior turbinate produces varied and inconsistent changes in morphology which may affect the shape, size and position of the turbinate.
Carl Schmitt and the analogy between constitutional and international law: Are constitutional and international law inherently political?
Authors: VINX LARS 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAccording to Carl Schmitt, constitutional law and international law are analogous in that they are both forms of political law. Schmitt concludes that neither is open to legitimate judicial enforcement. This paper critically explores Schmitt’s analogy between constitutional and international law. It argues that the analogy can be turned against Schmitt and contemporary sceptics about international law: Since we no longer have any reason to deny the judicial enforceability of domestic constitutional law, the analogy now suggests that there is no reason to think that legitimate judicial enforcement of international law is impossible.
Conflicts of rights in international human rights: A meta-rule analysis
Authors: AROSEMENA GUSTAVO 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study is an analytical account of the phenomenon of conflicts of rights, tailored to the context of international human rights law. It addresses the nature of conflicts of rights, the relationship between conflicts of rights and the extent and scope of the rights catalogue and the methods used to resolve conflicts. It is structured around the notion of a meta-rule. It argues that a conflict of rights can only be resolved ‘legally’ through the application of a rule that guides the decision maker to a solution. The study addresses the suitability and justification of such rules.
Contesting constitutionalism: Constitutional discourse at the WTO
Authors: LAWRENCE JESSICA C 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDebates about ‘constitutionalism’ have become an important trend in WTO scholarship. Despite over two decades of interest, however, a coherent definition of the term and its content remain out of reach. This paper argues that ‘constitutionalism’ should be approached not as something that can be measured or assessed empirically, but rather as a ‘discursive contest’: a debate in which participants intervene on behalf of particular understandings of how the system does or should operate. Approaching constitutionalism as a discursive contest adds to the literature by shifting the focus to an analysis of how ‘constitutional talk’ produces knowledge about the WTO, and how this knowledge in turn structures perceptions about the way government works and the possibilities for action. Providing examples from scholarly debates and WTO practice, the article aims to make concrete the relationship between truth and government and the implications of discursive contests over constitutionalism in the field of WTO law.
A global perspective on marine photosynthetic picoeukaryote community structure
Authors: Kirkham Amy R , Lepère Cécile , Jardillier Ludwig E , Not Fabrice , Bouman Heather , Mead Andrew , Scanlan David J 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A central goal in ecology is to understand the factors affecting the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of microorganisms and the underlying processes causing differences in community structure and composition. However, little is known in this respect for photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPEs), algae that are now recognised as major players in marine CO2 fixation. Here, we analysed dot blot hybridisation and cloning–sequencing data, using the plastid-encoded 16S rRNA gene, from seven research cruises that encompassed all four ocean biomes. We provide insights into global abundance, α- and β-diversity distribution and the environmental factors shaping PPE community structure and composition. At the class level, the most commonly encountered PPEs were Prymnesiophyceae and Chrysophyceae. These taxa displayed complementary distribution patterns, with peak abundances of Prymnesiophyceae and Chrysophyceae in waters of high (25:1) or low (12:1) nitrogen:phosphorus (N:P) ratio, respectively. Significant differences in phylogenetic composition of PPEs were demonstrated for higher taxonomic levels between ocean basins, using Unifrac analyses of clone library sequence data. Differences in composition were generally greater between basins (interbasins) than within a basin (intrabasin). These differences were primarily linked to taxonomic variation in the composition of Prymnesiophyceae and Prasinophyceae whereas Chrysophyceae were phylogenetically similar in all libraries. These data provide better knowledge of PPE community structure across the world ocean and are crucial in assessing their evolution and contribution to CO2 fixation, especially in the context of global climate change.
MosaicFinder: identification of fused gene families in sequence similarity networks
Authors: Jachiet Pierre-Alain , Pogorelcnik Romain , Berry Anne , Lopez Philippe , Bapteste Eric 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Gene fusion is an important evolutionary process. It can yield valuable information to infer the interactions and functions of proteins. Fused genes have been identified as non-transitive patterns of similarity in triplets of genes. To be computationally tractable, this approach usually imposes an a priori distinction between a dataset in which fused genes are searched for, and a dataset that may have provided genetic material for fusion. This reduces the ‘genetic space’ in which fusion can be discovered, as only a subset of triplets of genes is investigated. Moreover, this approach may have a high–false-positive rate, and it does not identify gene families descending from a common fusion event.
Results: We represent similarities between sequences as a network. This leads to an efficient formulation of previous methods of fused gene identification, which we implemented in the Python program FusedTriplets. Furthermore, we propose a new characterization of families of fused genes, as clique minimal separators of the sequence similarity network. This well-studied graph topology provides a robust and fast method of detection, well suited for automatic analyses of big datasets. We implemented this method in the C++ program MosaicFinder, which additionally uses local alignments to discard false-positive candidates and indicates potential fusion points. The grouping into families will help distinguish sequencing or prediction errors from real biological fusions, and it will yield additional insight into the function and history of fused genes.
Availability: FusedTriplets and MosaicFinder are published under the GPL license and are freely available with their source code at this address: http://sourceforge.net/projects/mosaicfinder.
Contact: pogorelc@isima.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Phantom energy and the Cosmic Horizon: Rh is still not a horizon!
Authors: Lewis Geraint F. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
There has been a recent spate of papers on the Cosmic Horizon, an apparently fundamental, although unrecognized, property of the universe. The misunderstanding of this horizon, it is claimed, demonstrates that our determination of the cosmological makeup of the universe is incorrect, although several papers have pointed out key flaws in these arguments. Here, we identify additional flaws in the most recent claims of the properties of the Cosmic Horizon in the presence of phantom energy, simply demonstrating that it does not act as a horizon, and that its limiting of our view of the universe is a trivial statement.
Monopolizing Violence and Consolidating Power*
Authors: Powell Robert 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGovernments in weak states often face an armed opposition and have to decide whether to try to accommodate and contain that adversary or to try to consolidate power and monopolize violence by disarming it. When and why do governments choose to consolidate power and monopolize violence? How fast do they try to consolidate power? When does this lead to costly fighting rather than to efforts to eliminate the opposition by buying it off? We study an infinite-horizon model in which the government in each period decides how much to offer the opposition and the rate at which it tries to consolidate its power. The opposition can accept the offer and thereby acquiesce to the government’s efforts to consolidate, or it can fight in an attempt to disrupt those efforts. In equilibrium, the government always tries to monopolize violence when it has “coercive power” against the opposition where, roughly, coercive power is the ability to weaken the opposition by lowering its payoff to fighting. Whether the government consolidates peacefully or through costly fighting depends on the size of any “contingent spoils,” which are benefits that begin to accrue from an increase in economic activity resulting from the monopolization of violence and the higher level of security that comes with it. When contingent spoils are small, the government buys the opposition off and eliminates it as fast as is peacefully possible. When contingent spoils are large, the government tries to monopolize violence by defeating the opposition militarily.