bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headrace tunnels at Tiwag – Experience, examples, existing tunnels and projects under consideration / Erfahrungen, Beispiele, Bestand und Neubauüberlegungen zu Triebwasserwegen der Tiwag
Authors: Bonapace Paul , Hofer Bernhard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Tiroler Wasserkraft AG (Tiwag) currently operates eleven large hydropower stations (> 8 MW) and more than 30 smaller plants (< 5 MW) generating electricity for commercial consumption. Most of the larger stations are storage schemes in the high mountains, intended to be able to balance the opposing seasonal supply and demand situation in the Alps and current fluctuations in the network. The headrace tunnels and penstocks of the high‐pressure power stations of Tiwag are some of the most highly loaded of their type in the world. Great emphasis is placed on sustainable use and low maintenance costs, starting with the construction. Some stations have already been in operation for more than 60 years. This article describes the experience with the headrace tunnels of some of the larger hydropower stations.Bei der Tiroler Wasserkraft AG (Tiwag) sind elf große Wasserkraftwerke (> 8 MW) und über 30 Kleinanlagen (< 5 MW) in Betrieb, die elektrische Energie für den kommerziellen Gebrauch erzeugen. Die meisten Großanlagen sind als Hochgebirgsspeicherkraftwerke ausgelegt, um die jahreszeitlich entgegengesetzte Angebot‐ und Nachfragesituation in den Alpen sowie Stromschwankungen im Netz ausgleichen zu können. Die für die Hochdruckanlagen der Tiwag gebauten Triebwasserwege und Kraftabstiege gehören zu den am höchsten beanspruchten derartigen Anlagenteilen der Welt. Es wurde bereits beim Bau großer Wert auf eine nachhaltige Nutzung mit geringem Instandhaltungsaufwand gelegt. Manche Anlagen sind bereits seit über 60 Jahren in Betrieb. In diesem Beitrag werden die Erfahrungen mit den Triebwasserwegen einiger größerer Wasserkraftanlagen dargestellt.
Iron electrolysis‐assisted peroxymonosulfate chemical oxidation for the remediation of chlorophenol‐contaminated groundwater
Authors: Yang Nuo , Cui Jiaxin , Zhang Lieyu , Xiao Wei , Alshawabkeh Akram N , Mao Xuhui 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDElectrolysis with an iron anode is a novel way to provide ferrous activators for chemical oxidation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for chlorophenol destruction when compared with H2O2 and persulfate (PS), and to see whether the electrolysis mode facilitates the buildup of conditions that favor the activation of PMS and removal of chlorophenols.RESULTSFerrous species can effectively activate the PMS over a wide pH range. In comparison with H2O2 and PS, PMS is less sensitive to the solution's pH and possesses stronger oxidation capability at alkaline pHs. The optimal molar ratio of PMS to Fe(II) activator is 1:1 for the destruction of 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP). The column experiments show that an acidic zone developed downstream from the anode is favorable to maintain ferrous ions and subsequent activation of PMS. The reactivity of the PMS can be manipulated by varying the electrical currents, and the process demonstrates effectiveness for treating organic contaminants. 2,4‐DCP contaminated groundwater shows decreased biotoxicity after the chemical oxidation process without considering the residual PMS.CONCLUSIONSIron electrolysis‐assisted peroxymonosulfate chemical oxidation can effectively treat the 2,4‐dichlorophenol and mixtures of organic contaminants. This process can be engineered as an in situ chemical oxidation method for groundwater remediation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Independent Domination in Cubic Graphs
Authors: Dorbec Paul , Henning Michael A. , Montassier Mickael , Southey Justin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA set S of vertices in a graph G is an independent dominating set of G if S is an independent set and every vertex not in S is adjacent to a vertex in S. The independent domination number of G, denoted by , is the minimum cardinality of an independent dominating set. In this article, we show that if is a connected cubic graph of order n that does not have a subgraph isomorphic to K2, 3, then . As a consequence of our main result, we deduce Reed's important result [Combin Probab Comput 5 (1996), 277–295] that if G is a cubic graph of order n, then , where denotes the domination number of G.
Synthesis and Characterization of PNIPAm Core Cross‐Linked Star Polymers and Their Functionalization with Cyclodextrin
Authors: Liu Yu‐Yang , Lan Song , Xiao Li‐Qun 
Published: February 2015

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) core cross‐linked star (CCS) polymers (s‐(PNIPAm)n) are synthesized by arm‐first ATRP method. The related synthesis conditions are investigated and optimized. By varying cross‐linker N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) concentration, PNIPAm CCS polymers with about 47, 86, and 211 arms are synthesized. Then, under ATRP condition, the “living” sites at the core of s‐(PNIPAm)n reacting with a monovinyl β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) monomer afford β‐CD functionalized s‐(PNIPAm)n (CDF‐SPNIPAm). The structures of the star polymers are characterized. The results indicate that in CDF‐SPNIPAm, the ratio of β‐CD units to PNIPAm arm numbers could be up to 0.6:1. The fluorescence spectra of star polymer/ANS (8‐­anilino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonic acid ammonium salt hydrate) systems prove that the β‐CD moieties of CDF‐SPNIPAm are available for including guest molecules. By using pH‐sensitive adamantyl (Ada)‐terminated poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (Ada‐P4VP) (synthesized by ATRP strategy) as a model guest macromolecule, the host–guest complexation between β‐CD units of CDF‐SPNIPAm and adamantyl groups of Ada‐P4VP is confirmed via 2D NOESY 1H NMR and DLS measurements. The results indicate that the presence of the Ada‐P4VP arms provides temperature‐responsive star polymers with pH sensitivity. Therefore, the β‐CD‐functionalized star PNIPAm could provide host macromolecular platform for constructing novel miktoarm star polymers.
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Nonmotor predictors for levodopa requirement in de novo patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Erro Roberto , Picillo Marina , Amboni Marianna , Moccia Marcello , Vitale Carmine , Longo Katia , Pellecchia Maria Teresa , Santangelo Gabriella , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Ray Chaudhuri K. , Barone Paolo 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe variability in the clinical phenotype of Parkinson's disease (PD) suggests the existence of several subtypes of the disease. Motor heterogeneity of PD is well established, but not nonmotor heterogeneity. At present, we are unable to predict the rate of progression of PD based on robust biomarkers. We aimed to examine the heterogeneity of PD by attempting to identify nonmotor factors associated with the rate of motor progression and functional decline, as measured by the time to reach the need for levodopa therapy during the first 4 years from diagnosis in a cohort of de novo PD patients. The median time to introduction of l‐dopa for patients with urinary symptoms was significantly shorter than that for those without (20 vs. 37 months; P = 0.001). Cox's regression models showed that the urinary domain was associated with a higher probability of starting l‐dopa (hazard ratio: 2.1; P = 0.002). There was no influence of such confounders as sex, age, baseline motor features, use of dopamine agonists and/or monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, and total l‐dopa equivalent daily dosage. Patients with urinary symptoms had higher baseline and follow‐up motor and nonmotor disturbances than those without. Our study suggests the existence of a subgroup of patients who show urinary symptoms along with an overall higher motor and nonmotor burden. Such patients are prone to manifest a rapid functional decline over the first 4 years of the disease. Urinary symptoms might be a clinical marker of severity as well as a possible nonmotor subtype of PD. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Dietary CML‐enriched protein induces functional arterial aging in a RAGE‐dependent manner in mice
Authors: Grossin Nicolas , Auger Florent , Niquet‐Leridon Céline , Durieux Nicolas , Montaigne David , Schmidt Ann Marie , Susen Sophie , Jacolot Philippe , Beuscart Jean‐Baptiste , Tessier Frédéric J. , Boulanger Eric 
Published: February 2015

ScopeAdvanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) are endogenously produced and are present in food. Nε‐carboxymethyllysine (CML) is an endothelial activator via the receptor for AGEs (RAGEs) and is a major dietary AGE. This work investigated the effects of a CML‐enriched diet and RAGE involvement in aortic aging in mice.Methods and resultsAfter 9 months of a control diet or CML‐enriched diets (50, 100, or 200 μgCML/g of food), endothelium‐dependent relaxation, RAGE, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, and sirtuin‐1 expression, pulse wave velocity and elastin disruption were measured in aortas of wild‐type or RAGE−/− male C57BL/6 mice. Compared to the control diet, endothelium‐dependent relaxation was reduced in the wild‐type mice fed the CML‐enriched diet (200 μgCML/g) (66.8 ± 12.26 vs. 94.3 ± 2.6%, p < 0.01). RAGE and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (p < 0.05) expression were increased in the aortic wall. RAGE−/− mice were protected against CML‐enriched diet‐induced endothelial dysfunction. Compared to control diet, the CML‐enriched diet (200 μgCML/g) increased the aortic pulse wave velocity (86.6 ± 41.1 vs. 251.4 ± 41.1 cm/s, p < 0.05) in wild‐type animals. Elastin disruption was found to a greater extent in the CML‐fed mice (p < 0.05). RAGE‐/− mice fed the CML‐enriched diet were protected from aortic stiffening.ConclusionChronic CML ingestion induced endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness and aging in a RAGE‐dependent manner.
Evidence for the presence of stem/progenitor cells in porcine endometrium
Authors: Bodek Gabriel , Bukowska Joanna , Wisniewska Joanna , Ziecik Adam J. 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYA population of adult stem cells responsible for cyclic reconstructing and remodeling has been proposed to reside in the highly regenerative mammalian endometrium. Recently, stem/progenitor cells have been identified in the human and mouse endometrium, but less is known about these cells in livestock animals. Using Hoechst 33342 fluorescent dye staining and flow cytometry, we identified an emerging cell side population that may be responsible for the regeneration process of the porcine endometrium. The percentage of side‐population cells on Day 19 of the estrous cycle was significantly higher than that on Days 2–4. Moreover, single cells were able to seed clones that could differentiate into three independent mesenchymal‐cell lineages. We also demonstrated the expression of specific markers of self‐renewal cells on these side‐population cells and the presence of a population of cells among the stromal cells that possess markers for mesenchymal stem cells. These results indicate that the porcine endometrium contains a population of cells with the capacity for self‐renewal and a high rate of proliferation, which depend on the phase of the estrous cycle. These cells could potentially be involved in the cyclic reconstruction of the porcine endometrium. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 182–190, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Syntheses of donor acceptor biobased photocurable water‐soluble resins based on poly‐l‐lysine
Authors: Koleilat Houria , Giani Olivia , Joly‐Duhamel Christine , Robin Jean‐Jacques 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe report a new kind of coating using UV waterborne technique with a biobased poly(amino acid) resin. Firstly we performed the thermal polycondensation of l‐lysine during 15 h at 150 °C to synthesize water‐soluble oligomers of poly‐l‐lysine (PLL) with 5–6 monomer units. These oligomers were then transformed in mild conditions to give photocurable water‐soluble resins. We grafted on the poly‐l‐lysine backbone, allyl and maleamic acid functional groups, with a grafting rate close to 65% thanks to allyl glycidyl ether and maleic anhydride respectively. The influence of the reaction time and the reagents ratio on the grafting rate was investigated. Hence, the donor/acceptor photopolymerization of the mixture of allyl ether‐poly‐l‐lysine (PLL‐g‐AE) with maleamic acid‐poly‐l‐lysine (PLL‐g‐MA) in aqueous solution gave yellow transparent films. The degree of conversion and other kinetic parameters have been studied and detailed. This work contributes to the development of materials based on renewable resources and cleaner processes. It opens a new pathway to both fundamental and applied‐driven research. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 955–963
Die Hochmoselbrücke – Herstellung, Montage und Planung des Stahlüberbaus
Authors: Hagedorn Michael , Heiland Uwe , Klähne Thomas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTechnische Konstruktionen, bei denen ein oder mehrere Parameter den Bereich gewöhnlicher Dimensionen verlassen, erweisen sich vielfach als nicht kompatibel für die Anwendung der üblichen Konstruktions‐ und/oder Dimensionierungsprinzipien. Es lässt sich zeigen, dass auch bei scheinbar phänomenologischer Analogie zweier zu vergleichender Konstruktionen, bei gleichzeitiger offensichtlicher Maßstabsverzerrung statt einer Übertragung von Erfahrungswerten oder von normierten Prozeduren in Bezug auf die Auslegung einer Konstruktion oder auf deren statische und dynamische Fähigkeiten, sinnvolle Sonderlösungen anzuwenden sind.Die Hochmoselbrücke verlässt mit Parametern wie ihrer Bauhöhe über Grund (ca. 160 m), ihrer Gesamtlänge von ca. 1702 m und ihrer maximalen Einzelstützweite von ca. 210 m, die auch während des Montagevorganges nicht durch Hilfsabstützungen zu reduzieren war, in Teilen übliche Dimensionen des Ganzstahlbrückenbaus. Für die Durchführung der im Taktschieben zu realisierenden Überbau‐Montage, wird bei der Überwindung der maximalen Einzelstützweite ein in Europa noch nicht erreichter freier Kragarm ausgeführt werden.The Hochmosel‐Bridge, Germany – Manufacture, assembly and design of the superstructures. Technical constructions in which one or more parameters are beyond the scope of its ordinary dimension often prove to be incompatible for the application of the ordinary, conventional design principles. It can be shown that even with apparent phenomenological analogy of two to comparative constructions, while apparent scale distortion rather than a transfer of experience or standardized procedures with regard to better special solutions are applied to the design of a structure or their static and dynamic capabilities. The Hochmoselbrücke leaves with parameters such as height above ground (about 160 m), her total length of 1702 m, and her maximum single span of about 210 m, which was also not reduced by auxiliary supports during the assembly process, parts of usual dimensions of a full‐steel‐bridge‐construction. The stepwise implemented assembly and move procedure of the site‐process (for the superstructure assembly) brings in overcoming of these single span a new record of a free cantilever executes process in Europe.
Cold‐formed members – comparison between tests and a unified design method for beam‐columns
Authors: Höglund Torsten 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn [1] a unified method for the design of steel beam‐columns is presented. The method has been checked for rolled steel beam‐columns and extruded aluminium beam‐columns. It is included in Eurocode 9 [19] for aluminium members and it is proposed to be included also in Eurocode 3 Part 1‐3 [16] as well, but then it needs to be checked for typical cold‐formed sections.Cold‐formed sections are usually un‐symmetric and thin‐walled, for instance channel sections or C‐shaped sections (lipped channels). When used as compression members, local buckling causes a redistribution of the longitudinal stress which leads to a shift of the effective centroid. The shift causes overall bending and reduces the column strength when the member is compressed between pinned ends. In fixed‐ended columns, however, the shift of the effective centroid is balanced by a shift of the applied force and bending is not introduced [6]. As a result, the strength of fixed‐ended channel column exceeds that of a pin‐ended column of the same effective length [7].Using effective width for the flanges of channels e.g. according to EN 1993‐1‐5 [17] gives conservative result as the centroid of the effective section is too close to the web. The mixed effective width/effective thickness method for outstand elements given in Annex D of EN 1993‐1‐3 [16] is the basis in the following interpretations.
Non‐linear seismic response analysis of vehicle‐bridge interactive systems
Authors: Borjigin Sudanna , Kim Chul‐Woo , Chang Kai‐Chun , Sugiura Kunitomo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe intention of this study is to investigate how vehicles on highway bridges affect the seismic responses of the bridges under strong ground motions. Most highway bridge design codes do not consider the live load in the seismic design of highway bridges because of the low probability of the two events of the critical live load and an earthquake occurring at the same time. As a result, little attention has been paid to the influence of vehicle loads on the seismic responses of highway bridges. However, considering the high probability of traffic jams on urban roads, it is preferable to examine and clarify the dynamic interaction effect of vehicles on road bridges while subjected to seismic loads. In this study, the vehicle‐bridge‐ground motion interactions are realized by combining ABAQUS and MATLAB. ABAQUS provides a GUI environment to establish the numerical bridge model and apply the seismic forces, while MATLAB provides a platform to control the iterations in both time and force increments. As a preliminary study, a simplified 3D pier‐beam bridge model loaded with multiple vehicles with two degrees of freedom moving at a constant speed has been considered. When subjected to identical, strong seismic loadings, it was observed that the transverse accelerations of the bridge with moving vehicles are smaller than those without moving vehicles. Further, permanent deformation occurs after earthquakes because of yielding at the bottom of the pier; it was observed that the permanent deformations of the bridge with moving vehicles tend to be smaller than those without moving vehicles.
Structural safety assessment of continuous girder bridge with fatigue crack in web plate
Authors: Hashimoto Kunitaro , Kayano Makio , Suzuki Yasuo , Sugiura Kunitomo , Watanabe Eiichi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper, which focuses on a fatigue crack found in a main girder of a continuous steel girder bridge, assesses the remaining structural safety of the steel bridge with such a fatigue crack in order to judge whether or not urgent action such as closure to traffic or necessary temporary repairs and strengthening should be carried out. Therefore, an elastic‐plastic finite displacement analysis is carried out for the continuous three‐span non‐composite steel girder bridge with four main girders in which a fatigue crack about 1.1 m long in the web plate of the main girder was discovered during an inspection. From the analysis results it is found that the load redistribution function of the multiple main girder system was effective and the remaining load‐carrying capacity of such a bridge system is such that there will be no sudden collapse of the entire bridge.
Engineering complex geometries – the Heydar Aliyev Centre in Baku
Authors: Winterstetter Thomas , Alkan Mustafa , Berger Radu , Watanabe Maiko , Toth Agatha , Sobek Werner 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe present paper describes the engineering design by Werner Sobek for the new Heydar Aliyev Centre in Baku, a masterpiece of 3D freeform architecture by Zaa Hadid.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bile Duct Tumor Thrombus: Surgical Outcomes and the Prognostic Impact of Concomitant Major Vascular Invasion
Authors: Kasai Yosuke , Hatano Etsuro , Seo Satoru , Taura Kojiro , Yasuchika Kentaro , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground
The aim of this study was to clarify the long‐term surgical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) and to identify a therapeutic strategy for this condition.MethodsForty‐four patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC with BDTT or direct invasion involving the first branches of the bile duct or common hepatic duct were enrolled in this study. The overall survival time and time to recurrence were analyzed.ResultsThe median survival time and the 5‐year survival rate were 23.7 months and 31.0 %, respectively. Child‐Pugh classification B [hazard ratio (HR) 4.92; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.97–11.65], major vascular invasion (MVI; HR 2.79; 95 % CI 1.14–6.87), and serosal invasion (HR 2.71; 95 % CI 1.19–6.02) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. The median survival times were 12.3 and 72.3 months for the patients with and without MVI, respectively. Among the 41 patients who underwent macroscopic curative resection, the median time to recurrence and the 5‐year recurrence rate were 8.6 months and 85.6 %, respectively. MVI was the only independent prognostic factor for recurrence (HR 3.31; 95 % CI 1.55–7.05). The median times to recurrence were 3.7 and 11.6 months for the patients with and without MVI, respectively.ConclusionsConcomitant MVI was a strong prognostic factor in the setting of HCC with BDTT. Extended hepatectomy provided a good prognosis for the patients with BDTT alone without MVI.
Repeat Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC for Peritoneal Surface Malignancy and Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Wong Joelle F. S. , Tan Grace H. C. , Wang Weining , Soo K. C. , Teo Melissa C. C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundPeritoneal‐based malignancy (PBM), especially peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastrointestinal malignancies traditionally carries a poor prognosis. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intra‐peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been shown to attain long median survival of 34–92 months and 5 year survival of 29–59 % in patients with favorable histopathological subtypes. Recurrence after CRS and HIPEC poses a management dilemma. This paper evaluates our institution’s experience with repeat CRS and HIPEC, its associated morbidity and outcomes.MethodsOne‐hundred and thirty underwent CRS and HIPEC for PBM from April 2001 to June 2013. 49 had peritoneal recurrences, of which 24 had peritoneal only recurrence. 7 out of the 24 underwent a second CRS and HIPEC.ResultsFive females and two males with median age of 51 (37–63), underwent a second CRS and HIPEC. The primary malignancies were: 1 peritoneal mesothelioma, 3 appendiceal, 2 ovarian, and 1 colorectal cancers. Median peritoneal cancer indices for the initial and second CRS were 19 and 12, respectively. Completeness of cytoreduction score of 0 was achieved for all patients. Median hospitalization after second CRS and HIPEC was 12 days (7–60). 1 out of 7 (14 %) experienced grade 3 or 4 post‐operative complications. There was no 30‐day or inpatient mortality. Median follow‐up was 13 months (1–97). Median disease‐free interval between the first CRS and HIPEC to peritoneal recurrence was 20 months (14–87). Median disease‐free survival of 6 months (1–97) was achieved after the second CRS and HIPEC. Six patients remained alive without disease and one passed away with disease. Two had recurrences at 12 and 71 months after second CRS and HIPEC, 1 died and the other, still alive, went on to have a third CRS.ConclusionRepeat CRS and HIPEC can achieve prolonged survival in selected patients with peritoneal‐based malignancies, and can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality.