bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Varieties of Euroscepticism? Conceptualizing and Explaining Euroscepticism in Western European Non‐Member States
Authors: SKINNER MARIANNE SUNDLISÆTER 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSince the late 1990s, much scholarly work has been done in the field of Euroscepticism in terms of mapping and conceptualizing different types of opposition to the process of European integration. But even though studies examining Euroscepticism in the EU are plentiful, the lack of insight into different types of Euroscepticism in non‐Member States is striking: there is very little research which considers the extent to which there are different varieties of Euroscepticism in the European states that have chosen non‐membership of the Union. What is Euroscepticism in these countries, and why are the Icelanders, Norwegians and Swiss so Eurosceptic? The article looks at how Euroscepticism plays out in Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. It examines what Euroscepticism is and why it occurs in these countries, using a framework for analyzing Euroscepticism based on the concepts of economic, political, post‐materialist value‐based, right‐wing value‐based, cultural and rural society Euroscepticism.
Assessments of sensory processing in infants: a systematic review
Authors: EELES ABBEY L , SPITTLE ALICIA J , ANDERSON PETER J , BROWN NISHA , LEE KATHERINE J , BOYD ROSLYN N , DOYLE LEX W 
Published: November 2012

Aim  The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and clinical use of assessments of sensory processing function, within the first 2 years of life, and to identify which assessment is the most appropriate and precise in measuring the construct of sensory processing.Method  The literature was comprehensively searched, and assessments used to measure sensory processing in infancy were systematically selected and reviewed for clinical use, reliability, validity, and responsiveness.Results  Thirty‐four assessments were identified; three met the predefined inclusion criteria. All discriminative assessments, the Sensory Rating Scale, and Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile are parent‐reported questionnaires and can be administered from birth up to 3 years of age. The Test of Sensory Function in Infants is a performance‐based assessment and is suitable for infants aged 4 to 18 months. Studies evaluating the psychometric properties of these three assessments differed in the properties addressed and reported poor to adequate reliability.Interpretation  Selecting the most appropriate and precise assessment to measure sensory processing function in infancy will depend on the specific components of sensory processing that need to be evaluated, infant age, and what other sources of information are available about the infant’s development.
The effect of academic exam stress on mucosal and cellular airway immune markers among healthy and allergic individuals
Authors: Trueba Ana F. , Rosenfield David , Oberdörster Eva , Vogel Pia D. , Ritz Thomas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractResearch suggests that psychological stress can exacerbate allergies, but relatively little is known about the effect of stress on mucosal immune processes central to allergic pathophysiology. In this study, we quantified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon gamma (IFN‐γ), and interleukin‐4 concentrations in saliva (S) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) during final exams and at midsemester among 23 healthy and 21 allergic rhinitis individuals. IFN‐γs decreased during exams for both groups while VEGFEBC increased (and increases in VEGFs were a trend). Elevated negative affect ratings predicted higher VEGFEBC in allergic individuals. IFN‐γEBC increased in healthy individuals early during exams and then decreased, while allergic individuals showed a decrease in IFN‐γEBC throughout final exams. These findings suggest that psychological stress can suppress cellular immune function among allergic individuals while increasing VEGF.
The virtue of problem‐solving: Perceived partner virtues as predictors of problem‐solving efficacy
Authors: VELDORALE‐BROGAN AMANDA , LAMBERT NATHANIEL M. , FINCHAM FRANK D. , DEWALL C. NATHAN 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThree studies involving dating relationships and friendships tested the hypothesis that higher perceived partner virtues (or personal strengths enacted in the context of relationships) are related to greater relationship problem‐solving efficacy. Studies 1 and 2 showed that higher perceived partner virtues were related to more relationship problem‐solving efficacy concurrently and longitudinally. Study 3 showed that perceiving one's partner as more virtuous predicted increased turning toward one's partner for assistance, which, in turn, predicted increased problem‐solving efficacy. All 3 studies showed that higher perceived partner virtues were related to greater relationship problem‐solving efficacy.
Maternal provisioning and possible joint breeding in the burrower bugAdomerus triguttulus(Heteroptera:Cydnidae)
Authors: Nakahira Taichi , Tanaka Keita D. , Kudo Shin‐ichi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSubsocial burrower bugs (Heteroptera:Cydnidae) provide unique opportunities to investigate evolutionary ecological questions regarding parental provisioning and family dynamics. Observations and marked nutlet‐setting experiments in the field showed thatAdomerus triguttulusfemales progressively delivered mint nutlets into nests harbouring nymphs under the litter. More than one female often attended nymphs, but not eggs, in a nest in the field. The number of nymphs aggregating in a nest with a single female was usually smaller than that in a nest with two females, suggesting the joining of different families and facultative joint parental care. There was a positive correlation between the number of nutlets delivered and the number of nymphs in a nest. The number of attendant females also affected the amount of provisioning; more nutlets were found for second‐instar broods with more females. The effect of brood size on provisioning was confirmed for families under laboratory rearing. Maternal provisioning also varied with the developmental stage of offspring; second‐instar broods received more nutlets than first‐instar broods, with a temporal decrease in provisioning during the moulting of nymphs. Considering the growing evidence of food solicitation signals of young in subsocial insects, the observed finely tuned supply of food by the female could be induced by begging signals from the nymphs.
Recent multiple introductions of the gall‐forming aphid Pemphigus bursarius into Japanese islands
Authors: Lee Wonhoon , Akimoto Shin‐ichi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRecently, the number of collection records of Pemphigus galls from Populus nigra has been increasing in Japan. To identify the galls on P. nigra, mitochondrial COI sequences were analyzed from galling aphid samples collected on P. nigra in Tokyo and Hokkaido. From the BLAST search and neighbor‐joining (NJ) analysis, the aphid samples were identified as Pemphigus bursarius, which has not been recorded from Japan. Two samples from Tokyo and Hokkaido showed a genetic difference of 0.30%. This result suggests that different strains of P. bursarius might have been introduced into the Japanese islands at least twice.
Size and symmetry of sex combs were not related to male mating success inDrosophila melanogasterreared at different temperatures
Authors: Pavković‐Lučić Sofija , Lučić Luka , Kekić Vladimir 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTemperature is one of the most important climatic factors that may influence different traits (morphological, physiological or behavioral) inDrosophila. In this study, we examined the effects of two developmental temperatures (18°Cand 25°C) on the size and the symmetry of sex combs (a male sexual trait) and their importance for male mating success inDrosophila melanogaster. However, the number of sex comb teeth (“size”) and its difference between right and left legs (“symmetry”) were relevant neither to male mating success nor to the growth temperatures.
A Fistula Flap Technique for Correction of Type II Atresia Ani and Rectovaginal Fistula in 6 Kittens
Authors: Jardel Nicolas , Vallefuco Rosario , Viateau Véronique 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo report a surgical technique and long‐term outcomes of type II atresia ani (AA) and rectovaginal fistula (RvF) correction, using a fistula flap technique in kittens.Study DesignClinical study.AnimalsDomestic shorthaired female kittens (n = 6) with type II AA‐RvF.MethodsDiagnosis of type II AA‐RvF was made by clinical examination and vaginography. The anomaly was surgically corrected by a fistula flap technique for reconstruction of the anal canal and anus, and by vaginoplasty. Kittens were monitored for short and long‐term complications.ResultsAll 6 kittens were fecal and urinary continent in the immediate postoperative period. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 kittens: partial dehiscence between the anal and vaginal opening and a stenosis at the level of the rectal mucocutaneous anastomosis. Dehiscence healed by second intention and stenosis was treated by anoplasty.No long‐term complications (median follow‐up, 12 months; range, 12–17 months) were observed.ConclusionsReconstruction of the anal canal and anus using the fistula as a local flap in combination with a vaginoplasty can be effective to treat feline type II AA and RvFs.
Experimental Evidence for Sildenafil's Action in the Central Nervous System: Dopamine and Serotonin Changes in the Medial Preoptic Area and Nucleus Accumbens During Sexual Arousal
Authors: Kyratsas Christos , Dalla Christina , Anderzhanova Elmira , Polissidis Alexia , Kokras Nikolaos , Konstantinides Konstantinos , Papadopoulou-Daifoti Zeta 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sildenafil is the first effective oral treatment for male erectile dysfunction. Although it is generally accepted that its action is peripheral, it has been suggested that it influences central neural pathways that are involved in male sexual arousal. Recently, it was shown that local sildenafil administration enhances extracellular dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc).

Aim
The aim of this study was to determine whether sildenafil administration alters dopaminergic and serotonergic activity in the NAcc and the medial preoptic area (mPOA) during a model of sexual arousal.

Methods
An acute (2 days) or chronic (21 days) sildenafil regimen (1 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to male rats. Thirty minutes after the last sildenafil injection, all males were exposed to noncontact erection sessions by the presentation of inaccessible estrous females. Half of the males had previous experience of noncontact sexual encounter and the other half were exposed for the first time.

Main Outcome Measures
Tissue levels of DA and its metabolites, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), as well as serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-HIAA, were measured in the mPOA and NAcc with high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector. Dopamine ([DOPAC+HVA]/DA) and serotonin (5-HIAA/5-HT) turnovers were also calculated as indices of neurotransmission.

Results
In nontrained males, acute and chronic sildenafil treatment increased DA and 5-HT turnover rates in the mPOA and NAcc. In trained rats, acute sildenafil also increased DA and 5-HT turnover rates in both structures, whereas chronic treatment enhanced 5-HT turnover rate only in the mPOA and DA turnover rate only in the NAcc.

Conclusions
Our data confirm that sildenafil enhances dopaminergic activity in the NAcc, extend these findings to the mPOA and furthermore, reveal sildenafil-induced effects on serotonergic activity in these brain regions as well. Therefore, present findings support an effect of sildenafil on central neural pathways that are involved in the control of sexual arousal.
Duration of serological response to canine parvovirus‐type 2, canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 1 and canine parainfluenza virus in client‐owned dogs inAustralia
Authors: Mitchell SA , Zwijnenberg RJ , Huang J , Hodge A , Day MJ 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo determine whether client‐owned dogs in Australia, last vaccinated withCanvac® vaccines containing canine parvovirus‐type 2 (CPV‐2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV‐2) ± canine parainfluenza virus (CPiV) at least 18 months ago, were seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination.MethodsA total of 235 dogs were recruited from 23 veterinary clinics, representing a variety of breeds, ages and time since last vaccination (TSLV: range 1.5–9 years, mean 2.8 years). Dogs had a blood sample taken and were revaccinated on day 0. A second blood sample was taken 7–14 days later. Blood samples were assessed for antibody titres toCPV‐2 (by haemagglutination inhibition) andCDV,CAVtype 1 (CAV‐1) and CPiV (by virus neutralisation). Dogs with a day 0 titre >10 or a four‐fold increase in titre following revaccination were considered to be serological responders.ResultsThe overall percentage of dogs classified as serological responders was 98.7% forCPV‐2, 96.6% forCDV, 99.6% forCAV‐1 and 90.3% forCPiV.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the duration of serological response induced by modified‐live vaccines againstCPV‐2,CDV,CAV‐1 andCPiV, includingCanvac® vaccines, is beyond 18 months and may extend up to 9 years. Accordingly, these vaccines may be considered for use in extended revaccination interval protocols as recommended by current canine vaccine guidelines.
Phosphoenolpyruvate, a glycolytic intermediate, as a cytoprotectant and antioxidant in ex-vivo cold-preserved mouse liver: a potential application for organ preservation
Authors: Kondo Yuki , Ishitsuka Yoichi , Kadowaki Daisuke , Fukumoto Yusuke , Miyamoto Yohei , Irikura Mitsuru , Hirata Sumio , Sato Keizo , Maruyama Toru , Hamasaki Naotaka , Irie Tetsumi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), a glycolytic intermediate, on organ damage during cold preservation of liver.

Methods
An ex-vivo mouse liver cold-preservation model and an in-vitro liver injury model induced by hydrogen peroxide in HepG2 cells were leveraged.

Key findings
PEP attenuated the elevation of aminotransferases and lactate dehydrogenase leakage during organ preservation, histological changes and changes in oxidative stress parameters (measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and glutathione content) induced by 72 h of cold preservation of the liver. The effects were comparable with the University of Wisconsin solution, a gold standard organ preservation agent. The decrease in ATP content in liver during the cold preservation was attenuated by PEP treatment. PEP prevented the cellular injury and increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells. In addition, PEP scavenged hydroxyl radicals, but had no effect on superoxide anion as evaluated by an electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping technique.

Conclusions
PEP significantly attenuated the injury, oxidative stress and ATP depletion in liver during cold preservation. The antioxidative potential of PEP was confirmed by in-vitro examination. We suggest that PEP acts as a glycolytic intermediate and antioxidant, and is particularly useful as an organ preservation agent in clinical transplantation.
The new version of a patient classification instrument: assessment of psychometric properties
Authors: Perroca Marcia Galan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsThis paper assessed the reliability and construct validity of the new version of a patient classification instrument.BackgroundIn the development of patient classification instruments, monitoring validity and reliability is essential to assure that patient care requirements and nursing staff workload are appropriately measured.Design methodThe sample included 194 patients (construct validity test) and 60 patients (inter‐rater reliability test) at medical, surgical, and specialized wards of a teaching hospital in the south east of Brazil. The study was conducted in 2009–2010. For analysis purposes, Spearman's correlation and Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency) were used, and weighted kappa (inter‐rater reliability), factor analysis with principal axis factoring extraction method (construct validity) and ordinal regression (instrument's predictive ability).ResultsA high level of inter‐rater agreement was found. The importance of all care areas and their contribution to distinguish patient care needs and category in the new instrument were demonstrated. Results also showed the instrument's high predictive ability (99·6%).ConclusionThe findings give the evidence that the new scale is a reliable and valid tool to assess patient care needs and care category and that it can be used to guide nursing management practice in determining the nursing staff workload.
An interpretive phenomenological study of Chinese mothers' experiences of constant vigilance in caring for a hospitalized sick child
Authors: Lee Regina L.T. , Lau Vicky W.K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo examine Chinese mothers' experience of caring for their hospitalized sick child.BackgroundEngaging the mother in providing care for a hospitalized sick child is considered one of the key elements for high‐quality care in advanced paediatric nursing. There is evidence that a mother's belief in her capacity to manage stressful situations could improve the nurse–parent relationship because they might play an important role in protecting mothers against heightened stress during crisis situation.DesignAn interpretive phenomenological approach involving semi‐structured interview and thematic analysis was used.MethodFifteen interviews were conducted in Hong Kong, China from April 2009–January 2010, with 15 mothers caring for their hospitalized sick children with acute injury or illness. Crist and Tanner's circular process of hermeneutic interpretive phenomenology was chosen to guide the data analysis.FindingsThe prevailing concept identified through analysis was the ‘constant vigilance’ that mothers developed. Interpretation of data resulted in the identification of four key themes: ‘being sensitive to others’, ‘providing helping hands’, ‘monitoring health conditions’, and ‘maintaining dialogues’. The findings highlight Chinese mothers' desire for participation in caring for their hospitalized child, their unexpressed needs for communication, and concern about being uncared by the busy health professionals, which affect their care for the child's health outcomes.ConclusionThe findings facilitate the development of family‐centred care focuses on partnership of care between the nurse and family to enhance the Chinese family's active and participatory role.
Exploring the concept of respite
Authors: Evans David 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of respite for older people.BackgroundRespite is an important support strategy for family carers of older people. However, there is considerable confusion in the literature about the nature, scope, and outcomes of respite services.Data sourcesThe data source for the concept analysis was a review of literature addressing respite for older people. There were no publication date restrictions for the review and literature was searched up to 2010.DesignConcept analysis that was informed by the work of Dubin and the operationalization of Dubin's work by Holton and Lowe.Review methodA review of the literature was undertaken to better understand the nature of respite for older people. The review investigated the views of respite from the perspective of the service provider, family carer, and care‐recipient. A conceptual model of respite was developed using a four‐step approach: gaining an understanding of the phenomenon; identifying and retrieving relevant studies; analysing the construct; and developing the conceptual model.ResultsThe conceptual model that emerged from this process consisted of three attributes, Partnership, Service, and Respite. The attribute of Partnership concerned the relationship between the service provider, carer and care‐recipient. The attribute of Service concerned what the provider offered and focused on two important areas, assistance and engagement. The attribute of Respite concerned the outcomes that the family carer and care‐recipient gained from respite and focused on freedom, support, and connection.ConclusionThe conceptual model provides a framework to assist in the development of respite services.
Legitimacy in legacy: a discussion paper of historical scholarship published in the Journal of Advanced Nursing, 1976–2011
Authors: Fealy Gerard , Kelly Jacinta , Watson Roger 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsThis paper presents a discussion of historical scholarship published in the Journal of Advanced Nursing.BackgroundThe Journal of Advanced Nursing provides a forum for disseminating high‐quality research and scholarship. For over 35 years, scholars have used the Journal of Advanced Nursing to disseminate research into aspects of nursing, including nursing history.Data sourcesThe data source was Wiley Online electronic database for the Journal of Advanced Nursing for the period 1976–December 2011.DiscussionRelative to other academic concerns, nursing history represents a topic of limited concern to nursing scholars, as evidenced in published scholarship in the Journal of Advanced Nursing. The trends in historical scholarship in the journal have been on disciplinary development, the place and context of practice, and gendered relationships. While these are legitimate academic concerns, they suggest a lack of attention to clinical practice in historical research, that which confers social legitimacy on the discipline.Implications for nursingNursing derives its social legitimacy, in part, through its history, including reliable accounts of the legacy of nursing work in the development of healthcare systems. Disciplinary development in nursing is advanced by giving greater prominence to nursing history in nursing scholarship, including the history of nursing practiceConclusionsRelative to other academic concerns, nursing scholarship affords little prominence to the topic of nursing history and less still to the history of practice, as evidenced in the outputs of one of nursing's major organs of scholarship. Not to assign due importance to the history of nursing and its practice demonstrates nursing's lack of disciplinary maturity.