bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal peptide-based potential vaccine design against canine distemper virus (CDV) using a vaccinomic approach
Authors: Rendon-Marin Santiago , Ruíz-Saenz Julián 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCanine distemper virus (CDV) affects many domestic and wild animals. Variations among CDV genome linages could lead to vaccination failure. To date, there are several vaccine alternatives, such as a modified live virus and a recombinant vaccine; however, most of these alternatives are based on the ancestral strain Onderstepoort, which has not been circulating for years. Vaccine failures and the need to update vaccines have been widely discussed, and the development of new vaccine candidates is necessary to reduce circulation and mortality. Current vaccination alternatives cannot be used in wildlife animals due to the lack of safety data for most of the species, in addition to the insufficient immune response against circulating strains worldwide in domestic species. Computational tools, including peptide-based therapies, have become essential for developing new-generation vaccines for diverse models. In this work, a peptide-based vaccine candidate with a peptide library derived from CDV H and F protein consensus sequences was constructed employing computational tools. The molecular docking and dynamics of the selected peptides with canine MHC-I and MHC-II and with TLR-2 and TLR-4 were evaluated. In silico safety was assayed through determination of antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity potential, and homologous canine peptides. Additionally, in vitro safety was also evaluated through cytotoxicity in cell lines and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) and through a hemolysis potential assay using canine red blood cells. A multiepitope CDV polypeptide was constructed, synthetized, and evaluated in silico and in vitro by employing the most promising peptides for comparison with single CDV immunogenic peptides. Our findings suggest that predicting immunogenic CDV peptides derived from most antigenic CDV proteins could aid in the development of new vaccine candidates, such as multiple single CDV peptides and multiepitope CDV polypeptides, that are safe in vitro and optimized in silico. In vivo studies are being conducted to validate potential vaccines that may be effective in preventing CDV infection in domestic and wild animals.
Spatial tumor immune microenvironment phenotypes in ovarian cancer
Authors: Mateiou Claudia , Lokhande Lavanya , Diep Lan Hoa , Knulst Mattis , Carlsson Elias , Ek Sara , Sundfeldt Karin , Gerdtsson Anna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImmunotherapy has largely failed in ovarian carcinoma (OC), likely due to that the vast tumor heterogeneity and variation in immune response have hampered clinical trial outcomes. Tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) profiling may aid in stratification of OC tumors for guiding treatment selection. Here, we used Digital Spatial Profiling combined with image analysis to characterize regions of spatially distinct TIME phenotypes in OC to assess whether immune infiltration pattern can predict presence of immuno-oncology targets. Tumors with diffuse immune infiltration and increased tumor-immune spatial interactions had higher presence of IDO1, PD-L1, PD-1 and Tim-3, while focal immune niches had more CD163 macrophages and a preliminary worse outcome. Immune exclusion was associated with presence of Tregs and Fibronectin. High-grade serous OC showed an overall stronger immune response and presence of multiple targetable checkpoints. Low-grade serous OC was associated with diffuse infiltration and a high expression of STING, while endometrioid OC had higher presence of CTLA-4. Mucinous and clear cell OC were dominated by focal immune clusters and immune-excluded regions, with mucinous tumors displaying T-cell rich immune niches.
Hunting indicators for community-led wildlife management in tropical Africa
Authors: Fonteyn Davy , Fayolle Adeline , Fa Julia E. , Vanthomme Hadrien , Vigneron Philippe , Vermeulen Cédric , Malignat Rémi , Konradowski Benoît , Yia Okanabene Mexan Noel , Dibotty-di Moutsing Stéphane Axel , Pereira Dias Samuel , Deniau Christophe , Cornu Guillaume , Groschêne Marion , Cornélis Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEngaging local communities is pivotal for wildlife conservation beyond protected areas, aligning with the 30 × 30 target of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. We assessed the effectiveness of 33 offtake indicators, derived from hunter declarations, in monitoring the status and extent of degradation of hunted wildlife sourced from camera trap surveys and faunal composition analysis. The rodents:ungulates ratio in offtake and the mean body mass of total offtake emerged as practical and robust indicators of faunal degradation within hunting systems, with significant potential for broader application in similar tropical forest environments. Our findings provide a blueprint for managing and conserving natural resources in tropical regions through community-based initiatives. Involving local stakeholders ensures sustainable wildlife use and fosters ownership and responsibility. This study advances conservation efforts, bridging scientific rigor with community engagement for effective biodiversity preservation.
RIS codebook‐based beamsteering validation and field trials
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Wang Weimin , Wu Yongle , Fan Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), equipped with a large number of small, low‐cost, and re‐configurable elements, is envisioned as a potential enabler for the upcoming 5G‐Advanced and 6G networks. Here, based on a flexibly tunable and readily programmable RIS, the capability of beamforming toward arbitrary desired directions and coverage enhancement are investigated and experimentally demonstrated. The theory of RIS‐based beamforming is introduced, the simulated beamforming radiation patterns are provided, and an over‐the‐air radiated testing platform is designed for characterizing RIS beamforming performance. The RIS beam steering radiation performance tests are conducted, and the radiation patterns for different directions are extracted and analyzed. In addition, the indoor field trials on the RIS performance evaluation of enhancing coverage are reported. The field trials for multiple RIS‐deployed scenarios, including RIS mirror placement, RIS non‐mirror placement, and non‐RIS assisted scenarios, are conducted, and the channel characteristics for those scenarios are extracted and modelled. Significant improvements in overcoming path loss and shadow fading in typical coverage holes can be observed. The proposed testing method and measurement results may provide some insights into the design and optimization of RIS‐aided wireless communications.
Multi‐band millimetre wave indoor directional channel measurements and analysis for future wireless communication systems
Authors: Al‐Jzari Amar , Salous Sana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSingle‐input single‐output (SISO) three‐dimensional (3D) wideband indoor directional measurements collected in a factory environment and an office environment at 38 and 70 GHz are presented. 3D single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) dual polarised measurements with 1 × 2 antenna configurations were also carried out in a meeting room, a conference room, and an office room at the 60 GHz band. The measurements cover both azimuth and elevation by rotating the directional antenna (RDA) at the receiver side. Different statistical channel parameters such as power delay profile, power angle profile, root‐mean‐square delay spread, angular spread, and path loss were estimated for different possible antenna orientations between the transmitter and the receiver, which include line‐of‐sight, obstructed line‐of‐sight, and non‐line‐of‐sight. The polarisation effects on path loss models and the delay and angular spread models based on the surface area of the environment are studied. The results will be valuable for the design of indoor millimetre wave cellular networks.
Quasi-stationary substructure within a sporadic E layer observed by the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR)
Authors: Wood Alan G. , Dorrian Gareth D. , Boyde Ben , Fallows Richard A. , Themens David R. , Mevius Maaijke , Sprenger Tim , Main Robert , Pryse S. Eleri , Elvidge Sean 
Published: July 2024

Observations made with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) have been used to infer the presence of variations in a sporadic E layer on a spatial scale of several kilometres and a temporal scale of ~10 min. LOFAR stations across the Netherlands observed Cygnus A between 17 UT and 18 UT on 14th July 2018 at frequencies between 24.9 MHz and 64.0 MHz. Variations in the relative signal intensity, together with the consideration of geometric optics, were used to infer the presence of a plasma structure. Spatial variations between the stations and the dispersive nature of the observations suggested that this plasma structure was located within the ionosphere. Independent confirmation of the presence of a sporadic E layer, and variation within it, was obtained from observations made by the Juliusruh ionosonde (54.6°N, 13.4°E), which observed reflection of radio waves at an altitude of ~120 km and from frequencies of up to ~6 MHz. The large number (38) of LOFAR stations across the Netherlands, together with the sub-second temporal resolution and broadband frequency coverage of the observations, enabled the fine details of the spatial variation and the evolution of the structure to be determined. The structure was quasi-stationary, moving at ~12 m s−1, and it exhibited significant variation on spatial scales of a few kilometres. The observations were consistent with the steepening of a plasma density gradient at the edge of the feature over time due to an instability process. A 1-D numerical model showed that the observations were consistent with an electron density enhancement in the sporadic E layer with a density change of 2 × 1011 m−3 and a spatial scale of several kilometres. Collectively, these results show the ability of LOFAR to observe substructure within sporadic E layers and how this substructure varies with time. They also show the potential value of such datasets to constrain models of instability processes, or to discriminate between competing models.
CGRP: vom Neuropeptid zum therapeutischen Target (Hintergründe und
Pathophysiologie)
Authors: Kamm Katharina 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungCalcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP) spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der
Pathophysiologie der Migräne. Die Bedeutung von CGRP für die Migräne ist aus
zahlreichen klinischen Studien mit Nachweis von erhöhten CGRP-Spiegeln iktal und
interiktal sowie der Wirksamkeit der CGRP-basierten Therapien bekannt. In der
vorliegenden Arbeit werden diese Studien vorgestellt und so der Weg zur
Entwicklung der CGRP-basierten Medikamente aufgezeigt. Abschließend werden
aktuelle Studienergebnisse in Bezug auf die CGRP-Rezeptorantagonisten, die
sogenannten Gepante, vorgestellt.
Catalytic Asymmetric Syntheses of 3-Monosubstituted Oxindoles
Authors: Liu Xigong , Liu Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChiral 3-monosubstituted oxindoles are privileged structural motifs in a variety of natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals. However, catalytic asymmetric syntheses of these structural motifs remain challenging, mainly because of the ease of racemization of the tertiary stereocenter through enolization. In this short review, asymmetric synthetic methods for the preparation of chiral 3-monosubstituted oxindoles are summarized from the perspective of four different strategies, including Michael addition, carbenoid-mediated C–H insertion, decarboxylative protonation, and indole oxidation.1	Introduction2	Asymmetric Michael Addition3	Asymmetric Carbenoid-Mediated C–H Insertion4	Asymmetric Decarboxylative Protonation5	Asymmetric Indole Oxidation6	Others7	Conclusion
Mild and Stereoselective Synthesis of (1E,3E)-Dienes through Silver(I)-Catalyzed β-Hydride Migration from Allylic α-Diazo Esters
Authors: Sá Marcus M. , Moro Pedro A. M. , Russo Theo V. C. , Port Vinicius C. , Caramori Giovanni F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA mild procedure for the diastereoselective preparation of functionalized 1,3-dienes and their synthetic versatility are described herein. The silver-catalyzed decomposition of α-diazo-γ,δ-unsaturated esters through β-hydride migration at room temperature resulted in the stereoselective formation of 12 conjugated (1E,3E)-dienes. Further synthetic post-modifications included intramolecular Heck reaction and hydrogenation, leading to a novel substituted indene and an aliphatic diester, respectively. To rationalize the observed reaction outcome, a computational investigation of the mechanisms was conducted, emphasizing the importance of factors such as metallocarbenoid stability, substituent effects, and microkinetics simulations to better understand the reaction intricacies.
ISMPO Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Singh Randeep , Sarin Aditya , Kulkarni Padmaj , Verma Amit , Rathi Arun , Smruti B. Koppikar , Gupta Deepika , Govind Babu Kanakasetty , Malhotra Hemant , Bajpai Jyoti , Chandra Madhavi , Parikh Purvish , Sharma Shambhavi , Badwal Sonia , Mittal Shivani , Sud Seema , Gupta Sudeep , Nag Shona , Radhakrishnan Venkat , Aggarwal Shyam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe management of breast cancer has become increasingly complex and multidisciplinary in the recent past. Further, there are unique constraints and opportunities for cancer care delivery in India, including socioeconomic, geographic, and other disparities. Therefore, the Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology convened a panel of experts to create evidence and context-based guidelines for the management of early breast cancer.
131I-mIBG Therapy in the Management of High-Risk Neuroblastoma: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Level Hospital in South India
Authors: Vishnu A.R. , Sunny Saumya , Hephzibah Julie , Mathew Leni G. , John Rikki Rorima 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. The data on the treatment experience with 131iodine-meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine (131I-mIBG) and clinical outcome data are meager from India.
Objectives This article studies the efficacy and treatment outcomes in patients treated with 131I-mIBG in high-risk neuroblastoma.
Materials and Methods The study group consisted of 201 consecutive patients (aged between 1 and 15 years) with biopsy-proven neuroblastoma who underwent 131I-mIBG scans from 2012 to 2022. The majority of these children had a disease that was inoperable or had poor response to chemotherapy. Patients with positive scintigraphy were considered for therapy with 131I-mIBG. The findings were analyzed and correlated with the final diagnosis and outcomes obtained from survival during follow-up and reviewing patient records.
Results Thirty-nine children, 22 males and 17 females, with a median age of 4 years had positive 131I-mIBG scintigraphy. Intra-abdominal primary lesions and osseous lesions were the most common sites of uptake on 131I-mIBG scan. Of these, 13 had upfront chemotherapy and 26 had surgery followed by chemotherapy. All the patients underwent therapy with 131I-mIBG. Fourteen patients had multiple therapies while the remaining 25 had only one therapy. Eight patients had no follow-up, and 13 had disease relapse. The remaining 18 had regression of disease which was confirmed by follow-up 131I-mIBG scintigraphy and with bone scintigraphy in patients with osseous metastases.
Conclusion 131I-mIBG scintigraphy should be preferred in intermediate and high-risk neuroblastoma to know the extent of the disease and also for patient selection for early therapy with 131I-mIBG. It holds significant utility in the management of metastatic neuroblastoma, facilitating palliative pain relief and tumor size reduction in inoperable or metastatic disease.
An Exasperating and Unusual Presentation of Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor in an Adolescent Girl: Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Nanda Sony , Mohapatra Janmejaya , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Parija Jita , Nayak Bhagyalaxmi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGiant condylomata acuminata of Buschke-Löwenstein (GCBL) is a benign condition with a high recurrence rate and a remote possibility of developing into cancer. It is characterized by excessive proliferation of verrucous lesions on the genitalia and/or perianal region, and is frequently linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes 6 and 11. With the exception of a few case series, case reports make up the majority of the literature. Despite the literature's support for surgical excision, the current evaluation reveals a lack of clarity regarding the disease's diagnosis and best course of action. Better assessment and management of these patients are necessary to prevent any progression/recurrence of disease.Here, we present a case of a GCBL of the vulva in an 18-year-old girl, who was effectively treated with a simple vulvectomy and split skin graft reconstruction. The reported case is one of the rarest presentations of Buschke-Löwenstein tumor as it is not associated with any of the HPV subtypes and is seen in an 18-year-old girl, one of the youngest patients reported till date. This case report is followed by a brief review of the literature on GCBL, which will add to our understanding of this entity and the most effective therapy to treat the disease.
Estimating Palatal and Pharyngeal Muscle Contraction in Hindi Syllable Pronunciation using Computational Modeling
Authors: Vathulya Madhubari , Sarkar Subrato , Singh Indra Vir , Prajapati Tripta , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction Speech, one of the main functions affected by cleft palate, involves a complex orchestra of sound deformation by various organs including the larynx, pharynx, epiglottis, palate, tongue, lip, and other structures complementing them. Although the effects of palatoplasty are traditionally evaluated subjectively, objective parameters have seldom been described to compare the pre- and postrepair functions. The study tries to extract the palatal and pharyngeal muscles while uttering various Hindi syllables and tries to find the percentage contraction of these structures as an objective assessment.
Materials and Methods Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images while uttering each syllable of the Hindi syllable are obtained by subjecting a healthy volunteer to a dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using freeform geomagic software, 3D models of the structure of the pharynx and palate were created, which were then used to create a finite element model. Different anatomical constraints were applied to the muscles obtained. The finite element model was tested for convergence and a suitably fine mesh was used to obtain the results. The percentage of contraction of the palate and pharynx for uttering different syllables was thus evaluated.
Results The palate and the posterior pharyngeal walls yielded different contractions for different syllables independent of each other. The highest contraction for the palate and posterior pharyngeal wall was for the syllable /k/ and the lowest regarding the palate was for /h/ and /eː/ for the pharyngeal wall.
Conclusion Using computational modeling, quantification of speech in terms of percentage contraction of the palate and pharynx has been attempted for the Hindi language. Once validated with a larger population, the database may be used to quantify speech deformities due to structural pathologies in terms of palatal and pharyngeal contractions and help us assess the effectiveness of corrective surgeries for them.
Evaluating Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy to Improve Single-Stage Dermal Substitute and Skin Grafting: A Comparative Study
Authors: Korambayil Pradeoth Mukundan , Sanghvi Hemang Arvind , Dilliraj Vinoth Kumar , Ambookan Prashanth Varkey 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Dermal substitutes offer a valuable tool in soft-tissue reconstruction, reducing the need for donor site tissue and its associated complications. However, conventional approaches often require multiple surgeries. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a single-stage procedure combining dermal substitute and skin grafting with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy to the standard multistage protocol.
Materials and Methods A comparative study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2023. The medical records of 24 patients who underwent soft-tissue reconstruction were reviewed. Patients were categorized into two groups based on whether they received HBO therapy (HBO group) or followed the standard multistage protocol (control group). Outcomes were compared between the groups.
Results The study included 18 males and 6 females with an average age of 43 years (range: 5–91 years). Underlying medical conditions included diabetes mellitus (n = 11) and peripheral vascular disease (n = 2). Wounds were due to various causes, including necrotizing fasciitis (n = 2), trauma (n = 10), diabetic ulcers (n = 6), postburn hypertrophic scars/contractures (n = 3), chronic ulcers (n = 1), and sternal wound dehiscence (n = 1). All the patients achieved successful wound closure with dermal substitute application, eliminating the need for additional surgery. Notably, the group receiving HBO therapy experienced a shorter overall hospital stay compared with the standard multistage group.
Conclusion This study demonstrates the effectiveness of dermal substitutes in soft-tissue reconstruction. Furthermore, the addition of HBO therapy in a single-stage procedure appears beneficial for successful outcomes, potentially reducing hospital stay compared with the traditional multistage approach.
Comparative analysis of saturated–unsaturated shear strength under undrained loading: Experimental validation and ANN prediction of clayey soils
Authors: Pande Prashant , Giri Jayant , Ali Mohd Sajid , Mohammad Faruq , Raut Jayant , Raut Sanjay , Sathish T. , Giri Pallavi 
Published: July 2024

Geotechnical designs and analyses of earth structures and foundations exclusively involve the assessment and consideration of unsaturated soil shear strength. The laboratory testing equipment and methods for predicting the unsaturated soil shear strength are complicated and more expensive. The experimental program attempted to involve undrained triaxial and filter paper for evaluating the unsaturated soil shear strength of identically compacted clayey soil. This study undertakes a comparison of shear strength in clayey soil under undrained loads, examining both saturated and unsaturated conditions. A 60 kPa air entry suction value is the key point at which linearity between the unsaturated shear strength parameter Øb and effective friction Ø′ with 15° linear slopes turns to non-linearity. Unsaturated shear strength increased by 22.76% in optimally wet conditions, 52.68% in optimum conditions, and 77.81% in optimally dry conditions as compared to saturated shear strength. This study utilizes an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict clayey soil’s unsaturated shear strength, finding that the optimal ANN configuration (2-5-1 topology, Levenberg–Marquard optimization, and logsig transfer function) achieved high reliability with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9289 and mean square error values of 2.22, 7.12, and 3.012 for training, testing, and validation, respectively. This experimental investigation improves our understanding of clayey soil shear strength and emphasizes the importance of saturation and moisture content in geotechnical assessments under undrained loading conditions.