bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Normal Management Regimens of Working Equids and Identifying Barriers to the Recognition and Treatment of Colic by Owners in Morocco
Authors: Kalamanova A. , Stringer A.P. , Freeman S.L. , Burford J.H. 
Published: September 2015

Reasons for performing studyColic is a common reason for owners to seek veterinary treatment for their working equids in Morocco. There is no information available regarding cultural, religious or educational barriers to obtaining treatment or about the typical workload of these animals which may predispose them to colic.ObjectivesTo characterise the typical workload and feeding regimens of working equids in Morocco; to characterise the ability of owners to recognise the clinical signs and causes of colic; and to identify specific barriers to the veterinary treatment of colic.Study designQuestionnaire‐based survey.MethodsA standardised, structured questionnaire was administered, with the assistance of an Arabic speaking interpreter, to the owners of working equids presenting their animals to 2 centres run by SPANA (The Society for the Protection of Animals Abroad). Participation was voluntary and informed consent was obtained prior to the interview.ResultsAll of the 102 participants that completed questionnaire were male. Ninety‐eight owners used their animals for pulling carts, with 12% of animals working 7 days per week. 14% of animals were offered water by their owner once per day and 2% every other day. 25% of animals were loose and allowed free to feed unsupervised when not working. 29% of owners were not able to name any cause of colic and 25% did not recognise any clinical signs; only 12% associated colic with gastrointestinal pain. 83% of owners would not seek veterinary treatment due to financial constraints if free treatment at SPANA centres were not available.ConclusionsColic remains a common problem amongst working equids in Morocco. Improved knowledge of management factors associated with colic and how to recognise abdominal pain may reduce the incidence of colic and improve prognosis. The findings presented can be used to inform and develop owner education programmes.Ethical animal research: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham. Informed consent for participation in the study was obtained from all owners and was delivered in the native language. No details identifying the owner were recorded. Source of funding: None. Competing interests: None declared.
Functional conformer of c‐Myb DNA‐binding domain revealed by variable temperature studies
Authors: Inaba Satomi , Maeno Akihiro , Sakurai Kazumasa , Narayanan Sunilkumar Puthenpurackal , Ikegami Takahisa , Akasaka Kazuyuki , Oda Masayuki 
Published: September 2015

The conformational fluctuation in the minimum DNA‐binding domain of c‐Myb, repeats 2 and 3 (R2R3), was studied under closely physiological conditions. A global unfolding transition, involving both the main chain and the side chains, was found to take place at the approximate temperature range 30–70 °C, with a transition temperature of approximately 50 °C. In addition, the observation of simultaneous shift change and broadening of NMR signals in both 1H one‐dimensional and 15N/1H two‐dimensional NMR spectra indicated the occurrence of locally fluctuating state at physiological temperature. In the wild‐type protein containing a cavity in R2, the local fluctuation of R2 is more prominent than that of R3, whereas it is suppressed in the cavity‐filled mutant, V103L. This indicates that the cavity in R2 contributes significantly to the conformational instability and the transition into the locally fluctuating state. For the wild‐type R2R3 protein, the more dynamic conformer is estimated to be present to some extent at 37 °C and is likely beneficial for its biological function: DNA‐binding. This result is in agreement with the concept of an excited‐state conformer that exists in equilibrium with the dominant ground‐state conformer and acts as the functional conformer of the protein. From the findings of the present study, it appears that the tandem repeats of two small domains with no disulfide bonds and with a destabilizing cavity function as the evolutionary strategy of the wide‐type c‐Myb DNA‐binding domain to produce an appropriate fraction of the locally fluctuating state at 37 °C, which is more amenable to DNA‐binding.DatabaseChemical shifts and peak lists have been deposited in the Biological Magnetic Resonance Bank under entries 11584 and 11585.
Assessing the general patterns of forest structure: quantifying tree and forest allometric scaling relationships in theUnitedStates
Authors: Duncanson Laura I. , Dubayah Ralph O. , Enquist Brian J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimUnderstanding the drivers of forest structure, function and change is a fundamental problem in both theoretical ecology and applied forestry for carbon mapping and monitoring. An important component of forest ecology research often utilizes allometric equations to scale up local measurements to predict large‐scale forest and ecosystem‐level properties. However, both applied and theoretical allometries in forest ecology (such as metabolic scaling theory,MST) assume that many scaling relationships are insensitive to broad‐scale climate gradients or species life histories. We aim to test these assumptions by mapping continental‐scale forest allometry across environmental gradients in theUnitedStates.LocationUnitedStates.MethodsWe fit exponents to two allometric relationships inc. 100,000ForestInventoryAnalysis (FIA) field plots: (1) the relationship between the height of an individual tree and its diameter, and (2) plot‐level tree size distributions. We compare fitted exponents to environmental and life‐history variables, such as climate, topography and forest structure, in an attempt to explain allometric variability and deviations from theoretically predicted allometries.ResultsWe find that the structural allometry of forests varies strongly as a function of location in theUnitedStates. Allometric exponents appear to asymptote at approximately whereMSTtheory predicts with increasing forest height, while deviations fromMSTare partially explained as a function of environmentally driven recruitment limitations and successional status.Main conclusionsWhile we find support for invariant tree and stand allometric scaling relationships in forests that are in steady state with regard to demography and resources, we also find considerable spatial variability in forest allometric relationships when steady‐state conditions are violated. These findings suggest that extensions of metabolic scaling theory should incorporate variation in demographic dynamics in younger successional forests, and factors influencing recruitment limitation.
Patient and family involvement in adult critical and intensive care settings: a scoping review
Authors: Olding Michelle , McMillan Sarah E. , Reeves Scott , Schmitt Madeline H. , Puntillo Kathleen , Kitto Simon 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundDespite international bodies calling for increased patient and family involvement, these concepts remain poorly defined within literature on critical and intensive care settings.ObjectiveThis scoping review investigates the extent and range of literature on patient and family involvement in critical and intensive care settings. Methodological and empirical gaps are identified, and a future agenda for research into optimizing patient and family involvement is outlined.MethodsSearches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Social Work Abstracts and PsycINFO were conducted. English‐language articles published between 2003 and 2014 were retrieved. Articles were included if the studies were undertaken in an intensive care or critical care setting, addressed the topic of patient and family involvement, included a sample of adult critical care patients, their families and/or critical care providers. Two reviewers extracted and charted data and analysed findings using qualitative content analysis.FindingsA total of 892 articles were screened, 124 were eligible for analysis, including 61 quantitative, 61 qualitative and 2 mixed‐methods studies. There was a significant gap in research on patient involvement in the intensive care unit. The analysis identified five different components of family and patient involvement: (i) presence, (ii) having needs met/being supported, (iii) communication, (iv) decision making and (v) contributing to care.ConclusionThree research gaps were identified that require addressing: (i) the scope, extent and nature of patient involvement in intensive care settings; (ii) the broader socio‐cultural processes that shape patient and family involvement; and (iii) the bidirectional implications between patient/family involvement and interprofessional teamwork.
HPV load and anal cytological abnormalities
Authors: Maia LB , Marinho LC , Carneiro MV , Bocca AL , Neto FFC , Motoyama AB , Muniz Junqueira MI , Ferreira VMM , Carneiro FP , de Oliveira PG 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the association between estimated human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load and abnormal cytology on anal samples.MethodsAnal cytological samples of 42 HIV‐positive patients were analysed by conventional cytology and Hybrid Capture II.ResultsOn cytology, 30.95% (13 of 42) anal samples were positive for cytological abnormalities, 47.61% (20 of 42) were negative and 21.42% (nine of 42) were unsatisfactory. High‐risk HPV infection was more frequent in anal samples with cytological abnormalities than in negative samples (P = 0.0002, Fisher's exact test), it was detected in all samples with cytological abnormalities and in 35% (seven of 20) of the negative samples. On samples with cytological abnormalities, the median of the relative light unit/cutoff (RLU/CO) value (viral load estimate) was 10.39 (1.02–572.6) and in negative samples it was 0.51 (0.26–51.70). The median of the RLU/CO value was higher in samples with cytological abnormalities when compared with the median in negative samples (P = 0.0001, Mann–Whitney U‐test) and only samples with cytological abnormalities showed RLU/CO values > 100.ConclusionsThe estimated high‐risk HPV viral load is significantly higher in samples with cytological abnormalities than in negative anal samples and may be useful as an adjunct to anal cytology for triage of patients to high‐resolution anoscopy and biopsy.
Land use change and pollinator extinction debt in exurban landscapes
Authors: Cusser Sarah , Neff John L. , Jha Shalene 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

For the first time in more than a century, people across the planet are migrating en mass from cities to rural areas. In this process of ‘exurbanisation’ humans are rapidly converting natural and agricultural regions into low‐density housing. Despite the scale of this exurban development and its potential negative impact on biodiversity, little is known about how this specific type of land conversion impacts wild pollinators.

In this study, we conduct an extensive survey of the wild pollinators of the peach agroecosystem and investigate the impact of current and historic land use at multiple spatial scales on pollinator community composition within agroecological landscapes that have recently undergone exurban development.

We reveal that the overall composition of the wild pollinator community is significantly associated with current local agricultural and natural land cover. Specifically, local agricultural land use was associated with ground‐nesting bee community composition, whereas natural lands were associated with cavity‐nesting bee composition, revealing that nesting materials drive community composition for these two groups in exurban habitats.

In contrast, community composition for butterflies and flies, which made up the smallest proportion of our communities, were not strongly associated with any particular land use type, likely due to their non‐central place foraging strategy.

Most interestingly, our results indicate that historic land use remains a significant factor impacting the current abundance of all pollinators in the peach agroecosystem, offering the first evidence of extinction debt in this rapidly expanding exurban landscape.
Sourdough reduces sodium in wheat flour doughs
Authors: Nogueira Amanda de C. , Kussano Julia T. , Steel Caroline J. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe reduction of sodium in breads is already an imposed reality, which makes the search for alternatives essential. As sodium chloride has an effect on dough rheology, affecting the production process, it is important to evaluate these properties. This study evaluated the use of dry sourdough for the reduction of sodium in wheat flour dough. Sodium chloride (0–2.5 g/100 g) and dry sourdough (0–10 g/100 g) were added to wheat flour according to a central composite rotatable design, and farinograph, extensograph and pasting parameters were evaluated. The results were analysed using the response surface methodology. The farinograph and extensograph properties were strongly affected by both variables and presented opposite behaviours for most parameters. For pasting properties, only maximum viscosity and breakdown were affected. Despite the antagonistic behaviour of the variables when analysed separately, suitable parameters were reached in intermediate ranges for the manufacture of bakery products with reduced sodium content.
EFFECT OF ANO‐RECEPTIVE HOMOSEXUAL PRACTICE ON T LYMPHOCYTES AND DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN TRANSSEXUALS
Authors: RATNAM K. V. , WONG T. W. , LEE J. , KAMARRUDIN A. , SNG E. H. , ONG Y. W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo determine whether ano‐receptive sexual intercourse adversely affects a person's cellular immunity, we compared several immunological parameters among 100 transsexual male prostitutes and 40 heterosexual male controls, and also among different durations of prostitution.The mean ratios of CD‐4 (helper/inducer) lymphocytes to CD‐8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) lymphocytes and the delayed‐type cutaneous hypersensitivity (DTH) scores were significantly lower in transsexuals than they were in heterosexual controls; these parameters also showed a decreasing trend with increasing duration of prostitution. Transsexuals have a significantly higher CD‐8 lymphocyte count than have heterosexuals. No significant differences between transsexuals and heterosexuals were found for lymphocyte counts, pan T cells, and CD‐4 cell counts. We postulate that in these subjects cellular immunity is progressively reduced, probably through repeated and prolonged antigenic challenge via receptive anal intercourse. The impairment in cellular immunity is associated with the duration of prostitution, independent of the man's age.
SEROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
Authors: ROBERTS‐THOMSON P. J. , KOH L. Y. , KENNEDY A. , SMITH M. D. , NEOH S. , TURNIDGE J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn a retrospective study of 39 patients with infective endocarditis (IE) all had elevated concentrations of C reactive protein (CRP) at presentation, patients with the acute variety having significantly higher values than patients with the subacute variety. In addition, the majority of patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis had elevated concentrations of circulating immune complexes (CICs) and rheumatoid factor (RF), both of which were absent in all but one of nine patients with acute bacterial endocarditis. Two patients with subacute and one with acute bacterial endocarditis had low values of C3 and C4. Measurement of CRP, CICs, and RF did not distinguish between patients with and without extracardiac manifestations. Sequential analysis of patients revealed that a successful response to antimicrobial treatment was indicated by a striking and rapid decline in CRP, with less striking declines in CICs, RF, and IgM. Antibiotic failure was indicated by the persistence of high concentrations of CRP and CICs.We conclude that the measurement of C reactive protein is of some value in the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis. A normal CRP concentration excludes this diagnosis. The measurement of CRP alone appears sufficient for monitoring most cases of infective endocarditis with the sequential measurement of rheumatoid factor and circulating immune complexes adding no useful information except where the CRP remains elevated despite treatment. In this latter instance, persisting high levels of CRP and circulating immune complexes together herald an ominous course.
CEREBRAL VENOUS THROMBOSIS: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
Authors: GATES P. C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn a retrospective survey of 66 cases (46 proven) of cerebral venous thrombosis in a large number of public teaching hospitals in Australia, the quantity of cases in institutions of similar size varied widely. There were 29 fatal cases (all underwent an autopsy) and in 20 of these the venous thrombosis was considered to be the major cause of death. In 15 of the deaths due to cerebral venous thrombosis the diagnosis was not suspected before death. In 27 cases (18 proven) the underlying cause was infection, while only two cases (both confirmed) were associated with oral contraceptives. These findings suggest that although rare, cerebral venous thrombosis is underdiagnosed and that, even in the era of modern antibiotics, sepsis is the commonest single identifiable cause.
INOBVIOUS STROKE: A CAUSE OF DELIRIUM AND DEMENTIA
Authors: DUNNE J. W. , LEEDMAN P. J. , EDIS R. H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSix hundred and sixty‐one patients with stroke, confirmed by CT scan or at autopsy, were reviewed in order to evaluate the frequency of presentation with altered mental state. Nineteen patients (3%) had presented with delirium, an organic delusional state, the acute onset of dementia, or mania, mimicking psychiatric illness. All had focal cerebrovascular lesions which were usually, but not invariably, right sided. None had a previous history of cognitive impairment, psychiatric disease, drug abuse, or alcohol excess. Neurological signs were absent or mild and transient, and therefore easily missed. Post‐mortem examinations in four patients showed localised cerebral infarctions with no evidence of multiple lesions, Alzheimer's disease, or metabolic encephalopathies. The possible causative factors are discussed and the evidence of asymmetrical cerebral representation of emotion, and for a relationship with epilepsy, is reviewed.
ASSESSMENT OF BILE FLOW BY RADIOSCINTIGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH BILIARY‐TYPE PAIN AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: ROBERTS‐THOMSON I. C. , TOOULI J. , BLANCHETT W. , LICHTENSTEIN M. , ANDREWS J. T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractScintigraphy of the biliary system using 99mTc di‐isopropyl iminodiacetic acid (DIDA) was performed in 65 subjects who had previously undergone cholecystectomy. Of the 65 subjects, 20 were free of pain and 45 had biliary‐type pain both with (group I) and without (group II) features of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. This dysfunction comprised dilatation of the bile duct, a transient rise in serum levels of liver enzymes after episodes of pain, or both abnormalities. After computer acquisition of images at intervals of 60 seconds for at least 90 minutes, time/activity curves were generated for five regions of interest: liver, common hepatic duct, common bile duct, duodenum, and background. The time at which counts in the common bile duct reached 50% of maximum (CBD T50) and the time of first entry of isotope into the duodenum (TD) were used to compare asymptomatic subjects with those with biliary‐type pain. Patients in group I, but not those in group II, showed significant prolongation of CBD T50 (p < 0.002) and TD (p < 0.02) when compared to values in asymptomatic subjects. Six patients had a second scan at six to 12 months after endoscopic sphincterotomy and all showed a reduction in values for CBD T50 and TD. In patients with pain, a significant correlation was shown between bile duct diameter and CBD T50 (p < 0.01) and between bile duct diameter and TD (p < 0.02) but results from scintigraphy were independent of responses to morphine‐neostigmine and motility in the sphincter of Oddi as assessed by endoscopic manometry. Some patients in group I had delayed excretion of DIDA into the duodenum and this correlated with the degree of dilatation of the biliary system.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCES WITH HUMAN PARATHYROID HORMONE 1–34*
Authors: FURLONG T. J. , SESHADRI M. S. , WILKINSON M. R. , CORNISH C. J. , LUTTRELL B. , POSEN S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHuman parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1–34 was given to nine normal subjects and to 10 patients with hypoparathyroidism. There were no side effects associated with the protocol employed.In normal subjects, five statistically significant changes occurred during the period of observation: plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) rose by a factor of 3 (at 30 min), nephrogenous cyclic AMP rose approximately 40‐fold (at 60 min), urinary phosphate rose by a factor of 2 (at 120 min), urine calcium levels fell by 50% between 60 and 120 min, and plasma prolactin rose by a factor of 1.4 (at 60 min).The cAMP responses were significantly blunted in five patients with chronic hypocalcemia, chronic hyperphosphatemia, and detectable serum immunoreactive PTH levels. On the basis of this test these patients were designated as suffering from pseudohypoparathyroidism. The acute phosphaturic and hypocalciuric responses were apparently intact in these five individuals.Human PTH 1–34 is likely to replace bovine material in the delineation of syndromes associated with PTH resistance.
DIFLUNISAL‐INDUCED NEUTROPENIA
Authors: McLEAN C. A. , BEGLEY C. G. , HARRIS R. A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe report a case of neutropenia associated with the use of diflunisal. The neutropenia occurred with initial administration and on subsequent inadvertent rechallenge with the drug. Bone marrow biopsy showed active granulopoiesis and an immune‐mediated mechanism for this response is postulated.
SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY IN A RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT TAKING CYCLOSPORIN A
Authors: DUGGAN C. J. , BOYCE E. S. , CATERSON R. J. , MAHONY J. F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA 27 year old woman with a fourth cadaveric renal transplant successfully completed a 33 week pregnancy whilst taking cyclosporin A and prednisolone. Her renal function remained stable despite recurrent urinary tract infections, hypertension, gestational diabetes, and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea. The infant, delivered electively at 33 weeks, was small for gestational age but otherwise normal.
A VIRAL ETIOLOGY FOR HODGKIN'S DISEASE?
Authors: DALGLEISH A. G. , McELWAIN T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThere have been numerous suggestive but inconclusive reports of a possible infectious etiology for Hodgkin's disease. The discovery of the causative agent of the adult T cell leukemia‐lymphoma syndrome suggests that a similar agent to the human T cell leukemia‐lymphoma virus may have a causal role in Hodgkin's disease.