bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Separation and Overnight Care of Young Children, Part II: Putting Theory into Practice
Authors: McIntosh Jennifer E. , Pruett Marsha Kline , Kelly Joan B. 
Published: April 2014

This article is a companion piece to the empirical and theoretical perspectives on infant overnight care arrangements offered in Part I. Grounded in an integrated psycho‐developmental perspective, the paper provides a set of clinical assumptions and a related chart of practical considerations, to guide decision making about infant overnight care, both in the individual case and in broader policy contexts. At all levels of decision making, we endorse the need for developmentally sensitive resolutions that protect both the vulnerabilities of early childhood and support lifelong parent–child relationships, whenever possible.
Key Points for the Family Court Community:
Parenting orders or plans for children 0–3 years of age should foster both developmental security and the health of each parent–child relationship, now and into the future.
From a position of theoretical and empirical consensus, we provide an integrated set of assumptions and considerations to guide decision making about overnight parenting plans.
These considerations apply equally to planning in the individual case and to policy level decisions.
Afforestation effects on SOC in former cropland: oak and spruce chronosequences resampled after 13 years
Authors: Bárcena Teresa G. , Gundersen Per , Vesterdal Lars 
Published: April 2014

AbstractChronosequences are commonly used to assess soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration after land‐use change, but SOC dynamics predicted by this space‐for‐time substitution approach have rarely been validated by resampling. We conducted a combined chronosequence/resampling study in a former cropland area (Vestskoven) afforested with oak (Quercus robur) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) over the past 40 years. The aims of this study were (i) to compare present and previous chronosequence trends in forest floor and top mineral soil (0–25 cm) C stocks; (ii) to compare chronosequence estimates with current rates of C stock change based on resampling at the stand level; (iii) to estimate SOC changes in the subsoil (25–50 cm); and (iv) to assess the influence of two tree species on SOC dynamics.The two chronosequence trajectories for forest floor C stocks revealed consistently higher rates of C sequestration in spruce than oak. The chronosequence trajectory was validated by resampling and current rates of forest floor C sequestration decreased with stand age. Chronosequence trends in topsoil SOC in 2011 did not differ significantly from those reported in 1998, however, there was a shift from a negative rate (1998: −0.3 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) to no change in 2011. In contrast SOC stocks in the subsoil increased with stand age, however, not significantly (P = 0.1), suggesting different C dynamics in and below the former plough layer. Current rates of C change estimated by repeated sampling decreased with stand age in forest floors but increased in the topsoil. The contrasting temporal change in forest floor and mineral soil C sequestration rates indicate a shift in C source‐sink strength after approximately 40 years. We conclude that afforestation of former cropland within the temperate region may induce soil C loss during the first decades followed by a recovery phase of yet unknown duration.
Stoichiometric shifts in surface soils over broad geographical scales: evidence fromChina's grasslands
Authors: Yang Yuanhe , Fang Jingyun , Ji Chengjun , Datta Arindam , Li Pin , Ma Wenhong , Mohammat Anwar , Shen Haihua , Hu Huifeng , Knapp Benjamin O. , Smith Pete 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimThe identification of stoichiometric flexibility is crucial for understanding carbon–nitrogen–phosphorus (C–N–P) interactions and ecosystem dynamics under a changing environment. However, current evidence of stoichiometric flexibility mainly comes from manipulation experiments, with little evidence from large‐scale observations.LocationAlpine and temperate grasslands across northernChina.MethodsUsing soil profiles derived from a historical national soil inventory and a contemporary regional soil survey acrossChina's grasslands, we examined temporal changes in topsoilC:N:Pratios over recent decades.ResultsTopsoilC:Nratios of five major grassland types exhibited some flexibility but did not show significant changes over the sampling interval. Non‐significant changes in topsoilC:Nratios were observed both in alpine grasslands on theTibetanPlateau and in temperate grasslands on the Inner Mongolian Plateau. Consistent with the relatively stableC:Nratios, the slope of the soilC–Nstoichiometric relationship did not differ significantly between the two sampling periods. SoilN:Pratios in the surface layer increased significantly over the sampling interval, however, with an overall increase of 0.60 (95% confidence interval 0.58–0.62). A larger increase in soilN:Pratio was found in temperate grasslands on theInnerMongolianPlateau than in alpine grasslands on theTibetanPlateau. Moreover, the slope of the soilN–Pstoichiometric relationship in these grassland ecosystems became steeper over the sampling interval.Main conclusionsThese results demonstrate the stability of topsoilC:Nstoichiometry but variability inN:Pstoichiometry over broad geographical scales, highlighting that soilCandNare tightly coupled, butNandPtend to be decoupled under a changing environment.
Global‐scale patterns of assemblage structure of soil nematodes in relation to climate and ecosystem properties
Authors: Nielsen Uffe N. , Ayres Edward , Wall Diana H. , Li Grace , Bardgett Richard D. , Wu Tiehang , Garey James R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo conduct the first global‐scale investigation of soil nematode assemblages using a standardized approach to quantify how environmental and climatic variables influence family assemblage structure in nematodes and determine whether nematode families have restricted distributions.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe collected soil nematodes within four 10 m × 10 m plots distributed evenly along a 900‐m transect at each of 12 sites representing multiple ecosystem types across a latitudinal gradient (68° Nto 77° S) on six continents. We assigned > 28,000 individuals to family level and trophic group morphologically.ResultsWe recorded a total of 43 nematode families, but sites varied considerably in family richness (1–30). Families differed in their ranges with 12 families occurring at 10 or more sites, while 14 families occurred at three or fewer sites. Total nematode and trophic group abundances were generally related to soil characteristics, including bulk density and soil moisture, but we found no good predictor of family richness, diversity or evenness at the plot level. Family richness, diversity and evenness were considerably lower in the high‐latitude polar desert than elsewhere, but only family diversity showed a significant, albeit weak, latitudinal gradient. Nematode assemblage composition was quite strongly related to climate: 65% and 58% of the variation in assemblage composition across sites could be accounted for by mean annual rainfall and temperature, respectively.Main conclusionsNematode families display macroecological patterns similar to other organisms, such as a positive abundance–range size relationship and restricted distribution of some families. Local nematode abundances were related to soil characteristics, but we found no relationships between family richness and environmental or climatic variables. Family composition was related to mean annual rainfall and temperature, suggesting that climate is a good predictor of local assemblage structure. As a result, climate change may have a significant impact on nematode assemblages, with potential implications for ecosystem functioning.
Different obesity phenotypes, and incident cardiovascular disease and mortality events in elderly Iranians: Tehran lipid and glucose study
Authors: Mirbolouk Mohammadhassan , Asgari Samaneh , Sheikholeslami Farhad , Mirbolouk Fardin , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: April 2014

AimTo determine the impact of body mass index and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality events in an elderly Tehranian population.MethodsA population‐based cohort of 1199 participants aged ≥65 years were followed for a mean of 9.74 years. Participants were stratified according to body mass index categories and MetS status. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the hazard ratio of CVD and mortality events, given overweight participants without MetS as reference.ResultDuring follow up, 271 CVD events and 239 deaths (106 CVD deaths) occurred. Regarding CVD, multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratios for CVD events in normal weight and obese participants without MetS were 1.21 (95% CI 0.77–1.91) and 1.46 (95% CI 0.64–3.34), respectively, and for normal weight, overweight and obese participants with MetS were 2.07 (95% CI 1.23–3.28), 1.72 (95% CI 1.13–2.62), and 1.53 (95% CI 0.95–2.45), respectively. Corresponding hazard ratios for CVD mortality were 2.08 (95% CI 0.93–4.82), 1.07 (95% CI 0.13–8.78), 3.71 (95% CI 1.55–8.85), 2.42 (95% CI 1.06–5.51) and 3.31 (95% CI 1.39–7.88), and for all‐cause mortality were 1.41 (95% CI 0.9–2.23), 1.33 (95% CI 0.51–3.47), 1.84 (95% CI 1.1–3.09), 1.46 (95% CI 0.93–2.34) and 1.5 (95% CI 0.91–2.56), respectively. In the presence of diabetes in place of MetS, all of the diabetic participants regardless of body mass index category highlighted a significant risk for CVD and mortality events.ConclusionAmong the elderly population, the presence of MetS was necessary for exploring the risk of CVD events and its mortality; however, only the normal weight population with MetS had a significant risk for all‐cause mortality Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 449–456.
HIV Tat protein affects circadian rhythmicity by interfering with the circadian system
Authors: Wang T , Jiang Z , Hou W , Li Z , Cheng S , Green LA , Wang Y , Wen X , Cai L , Clauss M , Wang Z 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesSleep disorders are common in patients with HIV/AIDS, and can lead to poor quality of life. Although many studies have investigated the aetiology of these disorders, it is still unclear whether impaired sleep quality is associated with HIV itself, social problems, or side effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Moreover, despite its known neurological associations, little is known about the role of the trans‐activator of transcription (Tat) protein in sleep disorders in patients with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the sleep quality of patients with HIV/AIDS affected by an altered circadian rhythm correlates with cerebrospinal HIV Tat protein concentration.MethodsNinety‐six patients with HIV/AIDS between 20 and 69 years old completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Their circadian rhythm parameters of blood pressure, Tat concentration in cerebrospinal fluid, melatonin concentration, CD4 cell count and HIV RNA viral load in serum were measured.ResultsThe circadian amplitude of systolic blood pressure and the score for sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were negatively correlated with HIV Tat protein concentration, while the melatonin value was positively correlated with Tat protein concentration.ConclusionsThe HIV Tat protein affects circadian rhythmicity by interfering with the circadian system in patients with HIV/AIDS and further increases the melatonin excretion value. A Tat protein‐related high melatonin value may counteract HIV‐related poor sleep quality during the progression of HIV infection. This study provides the first clinical evidence offering an explanation for why sleep quality did not show an association with progression of HIV infection in previous studies.
Improved heuristics for the regenerator location problem
Authors: Duarte A. , Martí R. , Resende M.G.C. , Silva R.M.A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTelecommunication systems use optical signals to transmit information. The strength of a signal in an optical network deteriorates and loses power as it goes farther from the source, mainly due to attenuation. Therefore, to enable the signal to arrive its intended destination with good quality, it is necessary to regenerate the signal periodically using regenerators. These components are relatively expensive and therefore it is desirable to deploy as few of them as possible in the network. In the regenerator location problem (RLP), we are given an undirected graph, positive edge lengths, and a parameter specifying the maximum length that a signal can travel before its quality deteriorates and regeneration is required. The problem consists in determining paths that connect all pairs of nodes in the graph and, if necessary, locating single regenerators in some of those nodes such that the signal never travels more than the maximum allowed distance without traversing a regenerator node. In this paper, we present new implementations of previous heuristics and two new heuristics—a GRASP and a biased random‐key genetic algorithm—for the RLP. Computational experiments comparing the proposed solution procedures with previous heuristics described in the literature illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our methods.
Coordination between strategic forest management and tactical logistic and production planning in the forestry supply chain
Authors: Kong Jiehong , Rönnqvist Mikael 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we study the coordination mechanism in the forestry supply chain between strategic forest management and tactical production planning. We first formulate an integrated model to establish a theoretical benchmark for performance of the entire supply chain. It is a mixed integer programming model that involves harvesting, bucking, transportation, production, and sales decisions for both tactical and strategic planning levels. We then present two sequential approaches S‐A and S‐B where the coordination is done through internal pricing. S‐A is the approach currently used in practice where harvesting in the forest is the main driver of the supply chain activities and internal pricing is introduced to control bucking decision in a separate stage. In contrast, S‐B takes downstream demand information into consideration and internal pricing directly influences harvesting decision in the first stage. In order to find the appropriate setting of internal pricing that leads to the system optimum, we suggest two heuristics H‐I and H‐II. The internal pricing in H‐I is based on dual values and in H‐II, it is derived from a Lagrangian decomposition. A real‐life case study in the Chilean forestry industry is used to compare the results of different approaches. It is shown that the new sequential approach S‐B generates as good feasible solution as that obtained from the integrated approach but in much less time. Both heuristics H‐I and H‐II bring about near‐optimal feasible solutions. H‐II also provides optimistic bound of the optimal objective function value, which can be used as a measure of the solution quality.
Adverse reaction to silicone simulating orofacial granulomatosis
Authors: Requena C. , Requena L. , Alegre V , Serra C. , Llombart B. , Nagore E. , Guillén C. , Sanmartín O. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundGranulomatous reactions to silicone facial fillers are well described in the literature. Clinically, these reactions present as nodules or pseudotumors that are frequently described as silicone granulomas or siliconomas.ObjectiveWe want to report a peculiar form of granulomatous reaction to injected silicone characterized by recurrent episodes of facial edema.MethodsWe collected silicone infiltrated patients with a similar clinical picture consisting of asymptomatic episodes of unilateral facial edema that had been recurring for months or years.ResultsWe found four women with recurrent episodes of facial edema. They had been infiltrated with silicone in the face. Histology showed silicone deposits and a granulomatous infiltrate in all 4 cases.ConclusionWe describe and illustrate a new type of adverse reaction to injected silicone simulating orofacial granulomatosis. The reaction presents as recurrent, unilateral, asymmetric facial edema of the cheek in patients who have been injected with silicone in the face. Familiarity with this adverse reaction will help to prevent erroneous diagnoses such as idiopathic angioedema, Melkersson Rosenthal syndrome, and orofacial granulomatosis.
In the After: Anthropological Reflections on Postwar El Salvador
Authors: Silber Irina Carlota 
Published: April 2014

ResumenEste artículo se basa en la investigación etnográfica longitudinal realizada en Chalatenango, El Salvador y en los Estados Unidos. Ofrece una reflexión antropológica sobre el significado de la posguerra veinte años después de la firma de los Acuerdos de Paz que pusieron fin a la guerra civil salvadoreña. Intenta generar un debate académico sobre la posguerra en El Salvador en relación a la teorización contemporánea sobre el humanitarismo. En particular, baso mi argumento en el trabajo de Didier Fassin (). Demuestro que, en el caso salvadoreño, existen proyectos humanitarios enredados con los legados de la revolución. Desarrollo este argumento mediante la exploración de una conferencia en El Salvador, como un momento etnográfico que, en mi opinion, requiere reconsiderar la narrativa sobre la militancia. También ofrezco viñetas etnográficas de Chalatenango de 1993–2012. Mi objetivo es complejizar nuestra comprensión de la temporalidad de las secuelas de la guerra y poner los procesos cotidianos que se van formando en zonas exconflictivas en El Salvador en un nuevo parámetro de discusión.
Pentecostalized Development and Novel Social Imaginaries in Rural El Salvador
Authors: Huff James G. 
Published: April 2014

ResumenEn las décadas después de la guerra civil las iglesias pentecostales crecieron rápidamente en El Salvador, y ahora contribuyen a la visión del bienestar social de los salvadoreños. Este artículo examina un caso en el que los miembros de una iglesia pentecostal rural movilizan a sus vecinos y otras instituciones locales para llevar a cabo iniciativas de desarrollo comunitario. En particular, en el artículo se describe cómo la iglesia actúa como un “ente público” y, en consecuencia, se convierte en un sitio en el que diferentes redes sociales se vinculan en maneras novedosas. La investigación ofrece evidencia empírica sobre el impacto del movimiento pentecostal en la vida social en El Salvador y en otras partes de América Latina.
Fetal heart rate pattern interpretation in the second stage of labor using the five‐tier classification: Impact of the degree and duration on severe fetal acidosis
Authors: Ikeda Sayako , Okazaki Atsuko , Miyazaki Ken , Kihira Kana , Furuhashi Madoka 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to clarify the association between fetal heart rate (FHR) tracing interpretation levels in the second stage of labor and poor fetal acid‐base balance.Material and MethodsThe database at one tertiary hospital in Nagoya, Japan, was retrospectively reviewed for women with singleton fetuses in cephalic presentation and vaginal labor at ≥37 + 0 gestational weeks between 1 June 2011 and 30 April 2012. Continuous FHR tracings in the second stage of labor were subdivided into 15‐min intervals, each of which we called a window, from the beginning of labor through delivery, and were assessed according to the five‐tier classification proposed by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in which level 1 is normal, level 2 is subnormal, and levels 3–5 are abnormal patterns.ResultsIn total, 777 parturient women were eligible for the study protocol. The numbers of women with maximal levels of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 3, 77, 341, 349, and 7, respectively. No cases of severe fetal acidosis (pH < 7.0 or base excess <−12 mmol/L) were recorded when the maximal levels were below 3. Both the pH and base excess of the umbilical artery decreased with higher levels of FHR tracings interpretation (P < 0.001). Both the summations of level‐4 windows and level‐3 and level‐4 windows were significantly higher in women with severe fetal acidosis than in women without (P < 0.001), indicating that the duration of abnormal levels is associated with severe fetal acidosis.ConclusionsBoth the degree and duration of FHR tracing abnormalities correlate with severe fetal acidosis.
Cardiovascular risk markers and thyroid status in young Indian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A case–control study
Authors: Sravan Kumar Perla , Ananthanarayanan Palghat Hariharan , Rajendiran Soundravally 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo study thyroid function profile, atherogenic markers and their association in young women with PCOS.MethodsThirty women aged 15–30 years with PCOS (married and unmarried) and an equal number of age‐matched controls were included in this study. The following parameters were assessed: thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), tetraiodothyronine (FT4), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) homocysteine (HCY), lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) levels.ResultsThyroid function tests were within normal ranges in all the cases and controls. The following parameters were significantly elevated in women with PCOS compared to controls: serum TC, TG, LDL,VLDL, HCY and Lp(a). Married women with PCOS had significantly higher levels of TC, TG, VLDL‐C, LDL‐C, HCY and Lp(a). Among unmarried PCOS cases, HCY levels were found to be significantly higher compared to unmarried controls. In group 1, Lp(a) levels were found to be high. In group 2, TC, TG, LDL‐C, VLDL‐C, Lp(a) and HCY levels were found to be high. In group 3, TC, VLDL‐C and Lp(a) were found to be high.ConclusionAlteration in lipid metabolism and elevated HCY and Lp(a) levels were present in women with PCOS, which were independent of their thyroid status. Unmarried PCOS women are predisposed to develop cardiovascular diseases rather than married PCOS women. Group 2 PCOS women are predisposed to get cardiovascular diseases rather than group 1 and group 3. PCOS women need not have hypothyroidism.
Possible association between stem‐like hallmark and radioresistance in human cervical carcinoma cells
Authors: Kumazawa Shoko , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Umezu Tomokazu , Mizuno Mika , Suzuki Shiro , Yamamoto Eiko , Mitsui Hiroko , Sekiya Ryuichiro , Shibata Kiyosumi , Kikkawa Fumitaka 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimWe aimed to investigate the possibility of an association between a stem‐like hallmark and radiotherapeutic sensitivity in human cervical carcinoma cells.Material and MethodsSide‐population (SP) cells and non‐SP (NSP) cells in HeLa cells were isolated using flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 efflux. We performed Western blot analysis to evaluate the expression of stem cell markers (CXCR4, Oct3/4, CD133, and SOX2) and apoptosis markers after irradiation. In addition, SP and NSP cells were injected into nude mice and we assessed subcutaneous tumor formation. To examine tolerance of irradiation, colony formation and apoptosis change were confirmed in the SP and NSP cells.ResultsSP cells showed a higher expression of CXCR4, Oct3/4, CD133, and SOX2 than NSP cells. The colony size of SP cells cultured on non‐coated dishes was larger than that of NSP cells, and NSP cells were easily induced to undergo apoptosis. SP cells tended to form spheroids and showed a higher level of tumorigenicity compared with NSP cells. In addition, nude mice inoculated with SP cells showed greater tumor growth compared with NSP cells. SP cells showed a higher tumorigenicity and lower apoptotic potential, leading to enhanced radiotolerance.ConclusionTumor SP cells showed higher‐level stem‐cell‐like characters and radioresistance than NSP cells. SP cells may be useful for new therapeutic approaches for radiation‐resistant cervical cancer.