bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The risk of iatrogenic pneumothorax after electromyography
Authors: Kassardjian Charles D. , O'gorman Cullen M. , Sorenson Eric J. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionPneumothorax is a potentially serious complication of electromyography (EMG). Data on the frequency of pneumothorax after EMG are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency, timing, and risk factors for iatrogenic pneumothorax after EMG. Methods: Cases of pneumothorax after EMG were reviewed for clinical, electrophysiological, and radiological data. Results: Of 64,490 EMG studies, 7 patients had an association between the EMG and pneumothorax. All patients were symptomatic and presented within 24 hours of EMG. Sampling of serratus anterior and diaphragm was causative in 1 patient each. In 5 patients, multiple high‐risk muscles were sampled. The highest frequency of pneumothorax was observed with examination of serratus anterior (0.445%) and diaphragm (0.149%). Conclusions: The frequency of symptomatic iatrogenic pneumothorax after EMG appears to be low, and examinations of serratus anterior and diaphragm carry the highest risk. Electromyographers should be aware of the risk of pneumothorax and should counsel patients accordingly. Muscle Nerve 53: 518–521, 2016
Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Management of Androgen Deficiency in Men with Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, or Both
Authors: Taylor Shawn Riser , Meadowcraft Lindsy M. , Williamson Bobbie 
Published: August 2015

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased in the United States over the past 40 years. These conditions, long linked with many cardiovascular complications, have recently been linked with androgen or testosterone deficiency in men. Several pathophysiologic hypotheses exist regarding this association, with the most widely reported a relationship to obesity and insulin resistance. Several randomized trials have confirmed that when testosterone replacement therapy is given to patients with T2DM, MetS, or both, metabolic parameters such as waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c, and systolic blood pressure are significantly reduced by up to 11 cm, 1.9%, and 23 mm Hg, respectively. This has not, however, resulted in improved cardiovascular outcomes, as evidenced in studies that found increased rates of cardiovascular events following testosterone replacement therapy. In this review, we summarize the relevant literature regarding the pathophysiology and management of androgen deficiency in men with T2DM, MetS, or both.
Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Explosive 2,6‐Bis(picrylamino)pyridine after Preconcentration by Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction
Authors: Larki Arash , Nasrabadi Mehdi Rahimi , Pourreza Nahid 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn experimental investigation for sensitive spectrophotometric detection of explosive, 2,6‐bis(picrylamino)pyridine (BPAP) using dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction was carried out. Based on this procedure, which is a dispersive‐solvent‐free technique, the extractant is dispersed in the aqueous sample solution using Aliquat 336 (acted as disperser agent and carrier to extraction solvent) and monitored with microvolume UV/Vis spectrophotometer. The effect of different variables such as pH, concentration of sodium hydroxide, type and volume of extraction solvent, concentration of Aliquat 336 solution and coexisting substances were systematically investigated and optimized. Interference tests showed that the developed method has a good selectivity and could be used conveniently for determination of explosive analyte. The proposed method is capable of determining BPAP over a range of 2.0–150.0 ng mL−1 with a limit of detection 1.0 ng mL−1. Relative standard deviations (RSD) for 20.0 and 80.0 ng mL−1 of BPAP were 3.3 and 1.2 % (n=10), respectively. This colorimetric method was applied to determine BPAP in different water and soil samples.
EBIC investigations on polar and semipolar InGaN LED structures
Authors: Knab Manuel , Hocker Matthias , Felser Timo , Tischer Ingo , Wang Junjun , Scholz Ferdinand , Thonke Klaus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPolar and semipolar LED structures with InGaN quantum wells (QWs) were investigated in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) using simultaneously electron beam induced current (EBIC) and cathodoluminescence (CL). EBIC yields important information about depletion region, leakages, and the overall functionality of the pn‐junction and allows to determine the diffusion length of the generated minority carriers on both sides of the pn‐junction. Spectrally and spatially resolved CL measurements yield both, information about the QW quality and about centers of non‐radiative recombination. EBIC measurements were carried out in top‐view and in cross‐section between and room temperature. The diffusion lengths measured for polar and semipolar structures prove the better crystal quality of the polar structures in terms of the higher carrier diffusion length and its increase for lower temperatures, as expected. On the semipolar structures, top‐view EBIC measurements detect specific areas, where the pn‐junction seems to be disturbed. The comparison of EBIC and CL measurements shows interesting correlations of the EBIC signal and the emission wavelengths of the quantum wells.
A global energy assessment
Authors: Jefferson Michael 
Published: August 2015

Against the background ofIIASA’s massive (their word) ‘global energy assessment’ (GEA), this paper takes a closer look at the challenges posed by population growth, energy poverty, the fossil fuels and carbon storage, renewable energy, energy efficiency, natural catastrophes, and potential climatic change to offer a somber, although arguably more realistic, overview of what the future may hold than the GEA achieved.WIREs Energy Environ2016, 5:7–15. doi: 10.1002/wene.179This article is categorized under:Energy Systems Economics > Systems and InfrastructureEnergy Policy and Planning > Economics and PolicyEnergy and Development > Systems and InfrastructureEnergy and Development > Climate and Environment
Robust statistics: a selective overview and new directions
Authors: Avella Medina Marco , Ronchetti Elvezio 
Published: August 2015

Classical statistics relies largely on parametric models. Typically, assumptions are made on the structural and the stochastic parts of the model and optimal procedures are derived under these assumptions. Standard examples are least squares estimators in linear models and their extensions, maximum‐likelihood estimators and the corresponding likelihood‐based tests, and generalized methods of moments(GMM)techniques in econometrics. Robust statistics deals with deviations from the stochastic assumptions and their dangers for classical estimators and tests and develops statistical procedures that are still reliable and reasonably efficient in the presence of such deviations. It can be viewed as a statistical theory dealing with approximate parametric models by providing a reasonable compromise between the rigidity of a strict parametric approach and the potential difficulties of interpretation of a fully nonparametric analysis. Many classical procedures are well known for not being robust. These procedures are optimal when the assumed model holds exactly, but they are biased and/or inefficient when small deviations from the model are present. The statistical results obtained from standard classical procedures on real data applications can therefore be misleading. In this paper we will give a brief introduction to robust statistics by reviewing some basic general concepts and tools and by showing how they can be used in data analysis to provide an alternative complementary analysis with additional useful information. In this study, we focus on robust statistical procedures based on M‐estimators and tests because they provide a unified statistical framework that complements the classical theory. Robust procedures will be discussed for standard models, including linear models, general linear model, and multivariate analysis. Some recent developments in high‐dimensional statistics will also be outlined.WIREs Comput Stat2015, 7:372–393. doi: 10.1002/wics.1363This article is categorized under:Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling MethodsStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Robust Methods
Abnormalities in Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Jian‐Feng , Zhang Ke‐Lin , Zhang Xiao‐Jing , Hu Yuan‐Jia , Li Peng , Shang Chang‐Zhen , Wan Jian‐Bo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer‐related death worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to profile the possible changes in plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition of HCC patients, and to identify the fatty acid biomarkers that could distinguish HCC patients from healthy controls. A total of 37 plasma samples from healthy controls and HCC patients were collected and their phospholipid fatty acid profiles were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry followed by multivariate statistical analysis. Twenty‐five fatty acids were identified and quantified, their proportions varied greatly between two groups, suggesting each group has its own fatty acid pattern. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis in terms of fatty acid profiles showed that HCC patients could be clearly distinguished from healthy controls. More importantly, linoleic acid (18:2n‐6), oleic acid (18:1n‐9), arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6) and palmitic acid (16:0) were identified as the potential fatty acid biomarkers of HCC patients. Additionally, to further identify the major cause of the abnormality of plasma fatty acid profile, fatty acid distributions of cancerous tissue and its surrounding tissue from 42 HCC patients were also examined. Due to have similar variation trend of major fatty acid biomarkers, linoleic acid (18:2n‐6), oleic acid (18:1n‐9), abnormalities in plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles of HCC patients may be mainly attributed to the alternation of intrinsic fatty acid metabolism caused by cancer per se, but not to the differences in dietary factors.
Effect of Agronomical Practices on the Nutritional Quality of Virgin Olive Oil at Different Ripening Stages
Authors: Jimenez Brígida , Sánchez‐Ortiz Araceli , Lorenzo María Luisa , Rivas Ana 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThere is a need to verify the quality of organically produced olive oils and to compare them to conventional ones. The objective of this study was to assess possible differences in nutritional quality between agronomic practices in Picual and Hojiblanca olive oil varieties at different stages of olive ripeness. The results showed that organic versus conventional cultivation did not consistently affect acidity, peroxide index or spectrophotometric constants of the virgin olive oils considered in this study. On the contrary, phenol content, oxidative stability, tocopherol content and fatty acid composition were affected by the agronomical practices. Principal component analysis indicated that linolenic acid and β‐tocopherol were mainly responsible for discriminating Hojiblanca organic oils, whereas total phenols, palmitoleic acid and α‐tocopherol were the major contributors to differentiating Picual conventional oils. Lignoceric and stearic acids were related to oils from unripe and ripe olive fruits, respectively. Long‐term experiments are required to confirm these results.
Structural and Stratigraphic Interpretation of Geophysical Data of the Fenchuganj Gas Field in the Surma Basin, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Abdullah , Hossain Delwar , Abdullah Rashed 
Published: August 2015

Abstract:
The Fenchuganj structure trending in NNE-SSW direction is a surface anticline (reverse faulted) in the eastern part of the Surma basin, Bangladesh. The eastern flank of the structure has steeper dip than the western one. The present study includes seismic and geological data interpretation which gives details about structure and stratigraphy of the area. Well log interpretation was done to infer lithological pattern and the hydrocarbon potential zones. Correlating the seismic interpretation and well log analysis, four gas sands have been identified at depths 2000m to 3100m. Depending on the present findings, it is concluded that further investigation can give valuable information about real sub-surface structure and hydrocarbon occurrence in this area.
An Investigation of Factors Influencing Indoor Radon Concentrations in Dwellings of Northern Rajasthan, India
Authors: Duggal Vikas , Mehra Rohit , Rani Asha 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An effort has been made to find possible relationships of indoor radon levels with building construction materials, ventilation condition of dwellings and soil gas radon levels. Indoor radon measurements were made using LR-115 type II cellulose nitrate films and the concentrations were estimated by knowing the track density of films through optical microscope. Soil gas radon levels were measured using RAD7, an electronic radon detector manufactured by Durridge Company, USA. This study sheds light on the seasonal indoor radon activities in Rajasthan dwellings. Maximum values of the indoor radon concentration were observed during the winter and minimum during the summer season. Results show that ventilation rate is inversely proportional to radon level. Highest level of indoor radon concentration was found in the mud type dwellings compared with dwellings made of concrete, cement and marble. A positive correlation (R2 = 0.45) between indoor radon and soil gas radon concentration was observed. A weak positive correlation (R2 = 0.22) was observed between soil gas radon concentration and radium content in soil. Indoor radon concentration was found to be associated with the presence of radon concentration in local soil, building material used for roof, floor and walls, type of ventilation conditions and presence of cracks on the walls/floor. Positive correlation between indoor and soil gas radon concentration suggest the large contribution of local soil towards indoor radon.
The Revival of the Right to Property in India
Authors: ALLEN Tom 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOver the last six decades, the Supreme Court of India has created and re-created a right to property from very weak textual sources, despite constitutional declarations calling for social revolution, numerous amendments to reverse key judgments, and even, in 1978, the repeal of the core constitutional provisions guaranteeing a right to property. This article challenges the usual account of these developments. The primary contention is that the 1978 repeal is much less significant than it appears, due to the Court’s creative interpretation of other constitutional provisions. The Supreme Court has consistently advanced liberal models of constitutionalism and property, despite the influence of other models on the original constitutional design and later amendments. This article also examines whether the Court’s liberalism is compatible with the egalitarian values of theConstitution, and how its position will affect attempts to address social issues relating to the distribution of property in India.
Risk of MRSA Infection in Patients with Intermittent versus Persistent MRSA Nares Colonization
Authors: Vigil Daniel I. , Harden Wesley D. , Hines Anne E. , Hosokawa Patrick W. , Henderson William G. , Bessesen Mary T. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVETo determine the relative risk of invasive methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection among non-colonized (NC) patients, intermittently colonized (IC) patients, and persistently colonized (PC) patients.DESIGNObservational cohort study of patient data collected longitudinally over a 41-month period.SETTINGDepartment of Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, a tertiary care medical center.PATIENTSAny patient who received ≥5 MRSA nasal swab tests between February 20, 2010, and July 26, 2013. In total, 3,872 patients met these criteria, 0 were excluded, 95% were male, 71% were white, and the mean age was 62.9 years on the date of study entry.METHODSPatients were divided into cohorts based on MRSA colonization status. Physicians reviewed medical records to identify invasive infection and were blinded to colonization status. Cox and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to assess the relationship between colonization status and invasive infection.RESULTSIn total, 102 patients developed invasive MRSA infections, 16.3% of these were PC patients, 11.2% of these were IC patients, and 0.5% of these were NC patients. PC patients were at higher risk of invasive infection than NC patients (hazard ratio [HR] 36.8; 95% CI, 18.4–73.6;P<.001). IC patients were also at higher risk than NC patients (HR, 22.8; 95% CI, 13.3–39.3;P<.001). The difference in risk between PC and IC patients was not statistically significant (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 0.94–2.78,P=.084). Alternate analysis methods confirmed these results.CONCLUSIONSThe risk of invasive MRSA infection is much higher among PC and IC patients, supporting routine clinical testing for colonization. However, this risk is similar among PC and IC patients, suggesting that distinguishing between the 2 colonization states may not be clinically important.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2015;36(11):1292–1297
A comparison of the nutrient intake of a community-dwelling first-episode psychosis cohort, aged 19–64 years, with data from the UK population
Authors: Williamson Kevin , Kilner Karen , Clibbens Nicola 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPsychosis increases the risk of CVD, obesity and type 2 diabetes and reduces life expectancy. There are limited data comparing the dietary habits of community-dwelling first-episode psychosis sufferers – with autonomy over diet – and the general population. The data represent the retrospective evaluation of nutritional data collected between 2007 and 2013 from 143 individuals from the UK population receiving treatment for first-episode psychosis. Differences in mean nutrient intakes between the study cohort and the national sample were tested for statistical significance using independent t tests, incorporating Satterthwaite's correction where required. Mean total energy intake was lower for males (P = 0·049) and higher for females (P = 0·016) in the cohort than in the corresponding subgroups of the national sample. Females in the study cohort consumed 12·9 (95 % CI 4·3, 21·5) g more total fat per d, whilst males consumed 7·7 (95 % CI 0·5, 14·9) g less protein per d than the national sample. Males in the study also showed significantly lower mean intakes than nationally of folate, Fe, Se, vitamin D and Zn, but not vitamin C. The proportion of individuals not meeting the lower reference nutrient intakes, particularly for Se (males 54·0 % and females 57·1 %) and for Fe amongst females (29·6 %), is cause for concern regarding potentially severe deficiencies. Further exploration of dietary habits within first-episode psychosis is warranted to assess whether individuals make beneficial dietary changes for their physical and mental health and wellbeing following dietary change intervention. It would also be pertinent to assess any correlation between diet and mental health symptomology.
A REMARK ON TAIL DISTRIBUTIONS OF PARTITION RANK AND CRANK
Authors: KIM BYUNGCHAN 
Published: August 2015

We examine the tail distributions of integer partition ranks and cranks by investigating tail moments, which are analogous to the positive moments introduced by Andrews et al. [‘The odd moments of ranks and cranks’, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A120(1) (2013), 77–91].
Vitamin E function and requirements in relation to PUFA
Authors: Raederstorff Daniel , Wyss Adrian , Calder Philip C. , Weber Peter , Eggersdorfer Manfred 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVitamin E (α-tocopherol) is recognised as a key essential lipophilic antioxidant in humans protecting lipoproteins, PUFA, cellular and intra-cellular membranes from damage. The aim of this review was to evaluate the relevant published data about vitamin E requirements in relation to dietary PUFA intake. Evidence in animals and humans indicates a minimal basal requirement of 4–5 mg/d of RRR-α-tocopherol when the diet is very low in PUFA. The vitamin E requirement will increase with an increase in PUFA consumption and with the degree of unsaturation of the PUFA in the diet. The vitamin E requirement related to dietary linoleic acid, which is globally the major dietary PUFA in humans, was calculated to be 0·4–0·6 mg of RRR-α-tocopherol/g of linoleic acid. Animal studies show that for fatty acids with a higher degree of unsaturation, the vitamin E requirement increases almost linearly with the degree of unsaturation of the PUFA in the relative ratios of 0·3, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 for mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexaenoic fatty acids, respectively. Assuming a typical intake of dietary PUFA, a vitamin E requirement ranging from 12 to 20 mg of RRR-α-tocopherol/d can be calculated. A number of guidelines recommend to increase PUFA intake as they have well-established health benefits. It will be prudent to assure an adequate vitamin E intake to match the increased PUFA intake, especially as vitamin E intake is already below recommendations in many populations worldwide.
FROM TALK TO ACTION: POLICY STAKEHOLDERS, APPROPRIATENESS, AND SELECTIVE DISINVESTMENT
Authors: Paprica P. Alison , Culyer Anthony J. , Elshaug Adam G. , Peffer Justin , Sandoval Guillermo A. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives:There is widespread commitment—at least in principle—to “evidence-informed” clinical practice and policy development in health care. The intention is that only “appropriate” care ought to be delivered at public expense. Although the rationale for an appropriateness agenda is widely endorsed, and methods have been proposed for addressing it, few published studies exist of contemporary policy initiatives which have actually led to successful disinvestment. Our objective was to explore whether the direct involvement of policy stakeholders could advance appropriateness and disinvestment.Methods:Several collaborative engagements with policy stakeholders were undertaken to adapt and combine conceptual and empirical material related to appropriateness and disinvestment from the literature to create tools and processes for use in Canada and the province of Ontario in particular.Results:By combining inputs from the literature with colloquial evidence from policy stakeholders, a definition of appropriateness was developed and, importantly, endorsed by all the provincial and territorial ministers of health in Canada. Second, a reassessment framework was successfully implemented for identifying priorities for selective disinvestment.Conclusions:When scientific evidence was combined with colloquial evidence from policy stakeholders, progress was made on the design and successful implementation of policies for appropriateness and disinvestment.
AN APPRAISAL OF REGIONAL SURVEYS IN THE BASIN OF MEXICO, 1960–1975
Authors: Parsons Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper I focus on the regional surveys undertaken in 1960–1975—their development, implementation, key accomplishments, and major shortcomings. I also point to how resulting survey data and surface collections have provided the foundations for subsequent research on a variety of specific problems, sites, and locales, and how complementary historical and ethnographical studies have contributed to interpretations of pre-Columbian settlement patterns. I consider how off-site survey can, and should, complement the more extensive regional surveys that have been carried out in the past. While lamenting the archaeological record lost to modern development, in a more positive vein I suggest lines of productive future investigation that might still be undertaken to extend the significance of past results, evaluate a series of questions and hypotheses defined by the surveys, and help conserve archaeological sites and collections for future study.