bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Virtual Reality Effective in Decreasing Pain during Clinical Procedures among Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Priyadarshini Saundarya , Agarwala Sandeep , Priya Harsh , Jain Vishesh , Goel Prabudh , Dhua Anjan Kumar , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Anand Sachit , Patel Nishant 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Virtual reality (VR) refers to a computer-generated simulation or environment that can be experienced and interacted with by a person through special electronic equipment, such as a headset with a screen and motion-tracking sensors. VR has been used as a distraction technique to alleviate pain and discomfort during medical procedures or as an alternative to traditional pain medication. This article explores VR’s effectiveness in reducing pain in pediatric patients undergoing painful clinical procedures.

Methodology:
This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed as per the preferred reporting item for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted for all articles published till December 2022 in four different databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and LILACS, which yielded 6886 studies. Studies showing the effect of VR on pediatric patients undergoing clinical procedures were included in the study. Risk of bias (ROB) 2.0 was used to assess the ROB. Outcome data were pooled using a random-effects model and reported as standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The meta-analysis was performed on RevMan5.4. Subgroup analysis was done for the different clinical procedures.

Results:
A total of 2477 participants from 34 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Children in whom VR was used had a significantly lower pain score as compared to the control group with an SMD of 0.87 (CI 95% −1.20, −0.53; (P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis based on the type of intervention did not reveal any significant difference (P = 0.19). Heterogeneity for overall pain using a random effect model with I
2 was significant (P < 0.00001).

Conclusion:
This systematic review suggests that the use of VR distraction in children undergoing painful procedures is associated with significantly lower pain scores. Hence, VR can be a promising intervention for reducing pain experienced by pediatric patients during medical procedures.
Unusual Airway Foreign Bodies in Children: Demographics and Management
Authors: Bose Sumona , Shubha Attibele Mahadevaiah 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim is to study the demographics and management of unusual airway foreign bodies (UAFBs) in children.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective observational study (2000–2020) of children with UAFBs, who underwent bronchoscopic removal. The demographics, types of foreign bodies, clinical and radiological features, management, and outcomes were collated and analyzed. Common foreign bodies, such as nuts, seeds, and vegetable aspirations, were excluded.

Results:
Among 531 children who had bronchoscopic retrieval of airway foreign bodies, 74 (59 males/15 females) had unusual foreign bodies. These included pen caps, whistles, plastic objects, pins, coal piece, stones, clay, pencil, gold ornament, and glass bangle. Thirty-one children presented within 1 day of aspiration, 37 within 1 month and 6 till 6 months. Thirty-nine were below 5 years, and the rest were between 5 and 15 years. Cough, respiratory distress, fever, choking, and noisy breathing were common presentations. Others are stridor, whistling, cyanosis, loss, and change of voice. Chest X-ray showed ipsilateral hyperinflation (23), haziness (21), radio-opaque foreign body (17) and was normal in 14. The left main bronchus, followed by the right main bronchus and trachea, were the sites of impaction. Four children required additional procedures (tracheotomy and thoracotomy). There was one mortality in the study cohort.

Conclusion:
Aspiration of unusual foreign bodies is not uncommon in children. Most aspirations are witnessed and predominant in boys. The left bronchus is the common site of impaction, and X-ray clinches the diagnosis. Presentation is delayed, and bronchoscopic retrieval, though challenging, has favorable outcome.
Accuracy of the Mincer Method for Dental Age Estimation in a Honduran Population
Authors: Cáceres-Vásquez Irma Yesenia , Palomino-Soto Mirna Mayra , Carranza-Samanez Kilder Maynor , Dulanto-Vargas Julissa Amparo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This study aims to determine the accuracy of the Mincer method for estimating dental age (DA) using digital panoramic radiographs (PR) in a Honduran population aged 14–22 years.

Materials and Methods:
This observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study was applied in a sample of 134 digital PR from a private dental center in Comayagua (72 females and 62 males; mean age 18 ± 3 years). A calibrated observer (kappa ≥0.83) analyzed DA with the Demirjian and Mincer method in all third molars (3M) from stage D (complete crown) to H (apex closure) differentiating by sex. The decimal DA of each individual was calculated from the average of the four 3M. Estimation of chronological age (CA) according to the Mincer method was obtained with linear regression formulas.

Results:
The results revealed that the mean and standard error of the difference between CA and DA was 0.58 ± 0.13 years (male 0.5 ± 0.19 and female 0.65 ± 0.19). Age groups showed higher overestimation (>1.1) from 14 to 17 years (50%–100%), agreement (±1.1 years) at 18 years (66.7%–70%), and underestimation (<–1.1) from 21 and 22 years (42.9%–100%; P = 0.000). The prediction equations of CA according to DA were statistically significant (P = 0.000) explaining 66.5% of the total sample (error = 1.465), 84.5% in males (error = 1.367), and 79.3% in females (error = 1.548).

Conclusion:
This study concludes that the Mincer method obtained a reasonable prediction to estimate the age of the majority with improvement in the adjustments with the age estimation formula in a specific population in Comayagua, Honduras.
Electrochemical Dissolution of Stainless-Steel Files using Different Electrolytes: An in vitro Electrochemical Study
Authors: Shah Tanvi , Solete Pradeep , Sugumaran Surendar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To evaluate the effectiveness of electrochemical dissolution of stainless-steel #15 K-files in various irrigating solutions as well as their dissolution time.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty Dentsply Maillefer single-rooted endoblocks were used. A glide path was made up to a #15 K-file, and then, a ProTaper gold rotary instrument was used for preparation up to S1. Platinum wire electrodes, connecting wires, and a 9 V battery were used to form a circuit. Saline, 3% sodium hypochlorite, 17% EDTA liquid, and acidified hydrogen peroxide (HCl 10 g/L + H2O2 100 g/L) were all used to submerge the endoblocks. The samples were assessed for dissolution time using a stopwatch, and electrochemical studies were performed for corrosion analysis of different irrigants.

Results:
The fastest dissolution of the files was observed with sodium hypochlorite (2 min 47 s), followed by acidified hydrogen peroxide (9 min 36 s). The presence of chloride ions in electrolyte solutions has been shown to be a factor directly affecting the rate of dissolution. EDTA demonstrated resilience to corrosion. The electrochemical studies confirmed a corrosion affinity with NaOCl and acidified hydrogen peroxide.

Conclusion:
The best solutions for dissolving stainless-steel K-files are sodium hypochlorite and acidified hydrogen peroxide. For clinical application and assessment of soft tissue effects, more studies are required. Although electrochemical dissolution has potential, it needs to be further studied before it can be used in therapeutic settings.
Evaluation of Burnout among Medical Officers and Dental Surgeons in State Health Services using Maslach’s Burnout Inventory during COVID-19: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sabbarwal Bhavna , Phogat Ritu , Goel Shubhi , Bhargava Abhinav , Kumar Adarsh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became a worldwide public health crisis. It leads to raised levels of burnout and anxiety among the people of the medical and dental fraternity, especially those involved in various duties related to COVID-19. The present research focused on evaluating the prevalence and predictors of burnout among medical officers and dental surgeons in Haryana’s state dental health services.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess burnout among medical officers and dental surgeons involved in COVID-19-related duties in state health services. Maslach’s burnout scale was used to evaluate burnout. It is a prevalidated and self-administered questionnaire with three domains, that is, emotional exhaustion (EE), personal accomplishment (PA) assessment, and depersonalization (DP). The Chi square test, Student’s t test (unpaired), and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc analysis were done wherever applicable. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to check the relationship among EE, DP, and PA.

Results:
A total of 200 study participants responded to the online survey. Nearly half of them (51%) were aged 25–34 years. The majority had service experience of up to 20 years (90%). Almost three-fourths (72%) of study participants performed duties for >8 h a day. Up to 86% reported that the second wave of COVID-19 caused increased burnout. Moderate-to-high degrees of occupational exhaustion (OE) and DP were reported among approximately 42% of study participants. Medical officers were reported to have statistically significantly higher levels of burnout compared to dental surgeons (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Moderate levels of burnout were reported among half of the study participants, suggestive of the need to address the issues related to mental health of healthcare providers.
Surface Roughness Examination of Glass Ionomer Restorative Cements Treated with Acidic and Basic Pediatric Medications: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Hasan Zainab R. , Al-Hasani Noor R. , Ibrahim Ali I. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Consumption of different types of beverages and liquid drugs can affect of the surface properties of restorative material. This may lead to an increased probability of dental caries and periodontal inflammation.

Aim:
This study evaluated and compared the effect of amoxicillin suspension (AMS) and azithromycin suspension (AZS) on the surface roughness (SR) of silver-reinforced glass ionomer (SGI) and nano resin-modified glass ionomer (NGI).

Material and Methods:
Thirty disks (2 mm height × 4 mm diameter) of each glass ionomer (GI) type were prepared and subdivided into three groups (n = 10), which were separately exposed to AMS, AZS, and artificial saliva (AS). SR was evaluated by atomic force microscopy before and after three-immersion protocols repeated over a 3-week duration with 2-day intervals. In each protocol, the GI samples were exposed weekly to AMS three times daily, AZS once daily, and a full day to AS.

Results:
This study demonstrated, for the first time, the effect of a basic drug (AZS) on the SR of GIs. Intra- and inter-group comparisons showed significant changes (P ˂ 0.05) in the SR pattern of the GIs after immersion cycles in AZS, AMS, and AS. However, the acidic medication (AMS) exhibited significantly higher changes in SGI than in NGI.

Conclusions:
The SR of NGIs and SGIs can be significantly affected by the use of AMS and AZS suspensions. SGI demonstrated higher SR deterioration than NGI after immersion cycles in AMS.
Uterine Artery Pseudoaneurysm after Total Abdominal Hysterectomy Managed by Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Glue Injection
Authors: Devi Yangala Sudha , Patel Ranjan Kumar , Tripathy Tara Prasad , Jena Saubhagya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) following abdominal hysterectomy is an uncommon complication. However, it can cause life-threatening bleeding, necessitating early diagnosis and intervention. Imaging is vital in its prompt diagnosis and aids in planning interventions. Here, we describe a case of recurrent massive per-vaginal bleeding from a left UAP developed following total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Bleeding was successfully managed with percutaneous ultrasound-guided glue (N-butyl cyanoacrylate) injection into the aneurysmal sac. The patient is doing well without any recurrent bleeding.
Dissimilar Planes and Approaches with Common Neural Targets – A Cadaveric Evaluation of Three Different Ultrasound-guided Fascial Plane Blocks for Lumbar Plexus Nerves
Authors: Diwan Sandeep , Feigl Georg , Shivaprakash S. , Areti Archana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
The lumbar plexus (LP) is a group of nerves located at the fourth lumbar vertebra level, between the anterior two-thirds and posterior one-thirds of the psoas muscle. In this study, the researchers aimed to investigate the spread of latex in injections of LP, suprainguinal fascia iliaca, and circum-psoas planes to assess the different regional techniques for blocking LP nerves (LPNs).

Methods:
The study involved performing ultrasound-guided injections of three different colored latexes in six cadavers. The researchers observed and compared the spread of latex in each plane by taking cross sections at the levels of L4, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), and sacral foramina (SF). The spread of latex and LPN staining was documented and analyzed through photography.

Results:
The results showed that the latex spread within the psoas muscle and fascia iliaca plane (FIP) during LP injections, whereas suprainguinal fascia iliaca injections showed latex dissemination in the FIP at both ASIS and SF levels. On the other hand, circum-psoas injections spread beneath the iliopsoas fascia at both levels and medially toward the external iliac vessels. Despite this spread, there was no communication between the three planes, and there was no mixing of latex from the different injections at any level.

Conclusion:
There are distinct fascial planes, for the three approaches, with no communication between them. While latex diffused from LP plane to FIP, no mixing of dye was observed and also the reverse could not be achieved. These findings suggest that different regional techniques for blocking LPNs have their unique planes of action.
Restoration of Radiosensitivity by Soya Isoflavone Genistein is Accomplished by Facilitating DNA Damage Response in Radioresistant Cervical Cancer in vitro
Authors: Salini Das , Debanjan Thakur , Debomita Sengupta , Sutapa Mukherjee 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Enhancing radiotherapeutic efficacy in tumor cells and sparing the normal tissues are major clinical concerns for the betterment of cancer therapy. Genistein (GEN) being a radiosensitizer ameliorates the effectiveness of radiation-induced cell killing by inducing DNA damage. This molecule is accountable for minimizing radiation-related toxicity and protecting healthy cells. However, the explicit mechanism of action of such molecules needs exploration.

Aims:
The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanistic action of GEN in cervical cancer cell radiosensitization.

Settings and Design:
Cervical squamous carcinoma cell SiHa and a radioresistant subline SiHa/RR (developed and isolated from SiHa) were taken for this study. The experiments were performed by pretreating the cells with IC30 dose of GEN, followed by acute irradiation to detect the impact of GEN in imparting radiosensitivity.

Subjects and Methods:
Optimal dose selection of GEN was performed by MTT assay, and radiosensitizing potency was determined by pretreating the cells with IC30 dose of GEN, followed by challenging with acute incremental doses of radiation. Mechanistic parameters were checked by clonogenic assay, cell cycle analysis, DNA damage estimation, apoptosis, and wound healing-sphere-forming assay.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was performed in GraphPad software by performing the Student’s t-test.

Results:
Results depicted decreased numbers of colonies, increased frequency of DNA damage and apoptotic cells, and suppressed wound healing ability along with restrained sphere-forming ability upon the intervention of cells with GEN before radiation exposure. Such observations implied that GEN pretreatment renders improved radiosensitivity in cervical cancer by increased DNA damage-mediated G2/M arrest with subsequent apoptosis.

Conclusions:
GEN by inducing DNA damage stimulates radiation-induced cell killing in vitro.
Establishing a safe pediatric surgery day unit: Process, procedures, and performance
Authors: Afaneh Osama , Almazrouei Ghanaym , Sajid Sofia , Abraham Lisa , Carasi Brian , Estandarte Jan , Jones Niall 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Ambulatory surgery for babies and infants is commonly practiced worldwide. There are no reports on this special service from the UAE. A Pediatric Surgery Day Unit (PSDU) has been in operation at Danat Al Emarat Hospital Women and Children since the hospital opened in 2016.

Objective:
To describe the day-to-day structure and functioning of the PSDU, the technical aspects of the four main procedures delivered (Circumcision, Release of Tongue Tie, Excision of Umbilical Granuloma, and Excision of Accessory Digits) and the outcomes for the babies.

Materials and Methods:
The hospital’s Health Information System was interrogated for the relevant diagnostic and procedural codes for all babies operated between January 1st, 2016, and December 31st, 2019. Data were analyzed for basic demographics, biostatistics, procedures performed, and follow-up encounters.

Results:
The PSDU has a core team, including a coordinator/scheduler, one practical nurse, two staff nurses, and two surgeons. Up to 10 sessions are offered per week, and out-of-hours cover is provided for emergencies or advice on a 24/7 basis. A total of 5262 medical records were examined and data on 3891 procedures for 3801 babies were analyzed. Babies of 68 nationalities were operated and 65% were local Emirati. Circumcision was performed at a median age of 16 days and a weight of 3.5 kg. Bleeding occurred in 1.4% and retention of the ring occurred in 1%. Significant factors associated with bleeding are age, weight, and ring size. There is no difference in bleeding rates between surgeons. There is a learning curve for the technique. Retention of the ring on the glans is associated with the size of ring chosen and retention rates vary significantly between surgeons. The remaining procedures were performed without complication, giving an overall adverse event rate of 2.75%.

Conclusion:
A well-structured and consistently staffed PSDU results in a safe and effective service.
FORMULASI DAN UJI FISIK GEL EKSTRAK DAUN SALAM (Syzygium poliyantum (Wight) Walp) DENGAN GELLING AGENT HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose)
Authors: Permatasari Yunita Dian , Islamiyati Dwi , Nafisah Umi 
Published: August 2024

Nowdays, medical plants have been widely used for overcome health problem. One of the nutritious plants is Bay Plant (Syzygium poliyantum (Wight) Walp) which contains flavonoid active compound, saponin which contains flavonoid compounds, saponins, which are used as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the gel formulation and evaluation as well as the effect of differences in the concentration of HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) on the physical properties og the gel. In this study used variations in the HPMC concentrations of 4%, 5% and 6% with bay leaf extract concentrations of 5%. Bay leaves extracted by maceration for 7 days, then will be remacerated for 2 days to find the compouds that were still left with 70% ethanol solvent. Gel evaluation includes organoleptic, spread power, adhesion, pH, homogeneity, and protection. The evaluation result showed that at a concentration of HPMC 4%, 5% and 6% each had a distinctive odor of bay leaf extract and brown colored in an organoleptic test, produced homogeneus preparations, had a pH value of 6,16; 5,82; and 5,73; spread power 6,2 cm; 5,8 cm; and 5,1 cm; Stickness 5,75 sec; 7,46 sec; and 9.35 sec; and protective power 6,57 sec; 6,87 sec; 6.89 sec. The results of pH test, spreadability, and stickness using Kruskal Wallis showed an Asymp.Sig < 0.05% that is 0.000, which indicates that there are significant difference between the concentration of HPMC with ph test, spreadability and stickness. The result of protective power test showed an Asymp.Sig > 0.05 that is 0.497 and there is no significant difference between the concentration of HPMC with the protective power. The result of testing all three formulas meet the requirements except for protective power.
UJI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JAMBU AIR (Syzygium Aqueum (Burm.fil.) Alston) TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Jannaturrahmah Annisaul , Setiyanto Riyan , Sari Dewi Weni 
Published: August 2024

Tanaman jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.fil.) Alston) merupakan tanaman yang banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan dan memiliki efek menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Masyarakat mengkonsumsi jambu air dari daun, buah, hingga batang. Tanaman jambu air mengandung senyawa yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, antikanker, dan antidiabetes. Saponin, tanin, dan enam senyawa flavonoid ditemukan dalam daun jambu air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memastikan apakah ekstrak etanol Daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.fil.) Alston) menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Prosedur maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% selama 5 hari digunakan untuk membuat ekstrak etanol daun jambu biji. Ekstrak etanol daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.fil.) Alston), 15%, 30%, dan 45% b/v yang diencerkan dalam DMSO 10%, diuji penghambatannya menggunakan metode Cakram disk. Amoksisilin digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan DMSO 10% sebagai kontrol negatif. Aktifitas ekstrak etanol daun jambu air dalam menghambat bakteri Streptococcus mutans dalam uji daya hambat ini pada konsentrasi 5% mempunyai daya hambat sebesar 7,8 mm, pada konsentrasi 15% mempunyai daya hambat sebesar 8,5 mm, dan pada konsentrasi 45% mempunyai daya hambat sebesar 10,3 mm. Sedangkan pada kontrol positif amoksisilin mempunyai daya hambat sebesar 17,3 mm, dan pada kontrol negatif tidak menghasilkan daya hambat. Dari hasil uji daya hambat ekstrak etanol daun jambu air terhadap Streptococcus mutans sesuai dengan CLSI menunjukkan hasil resisten.
POLITIK IDENTITAS DAN PARTISIPASI POLITIK DI MEDIA SOSIAL: ANALISIS MODEL STRUKTURAL PADA GENERASI Z DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: Harsono Harun 
Published: August 2024

Politik identitas menyebabkan kecenderungan perilaku agresif dan kontroversi para pengguna media sosial, terlebih jika dikaitkan dengan isu pergantian kepemimpinan dalam pemilihan umum. Penelitian ini berfokus pada peran politik identitas dalam pengaruhnya dengan partisipasi politik di media sosial. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kuantitatif uji asosiatif. Responden dipilih secara Incidental Sampling menggunakan Google Form yang melibatkan 142 mahasiswa generasi Z di kota Malang, Jawa Timur. Peneliti menggunakan dua alat ukur, Skala Partisipasi Politik Media Sosial dan skala identitas sosial. Analisa dilakukan terhadap empat model struktur menggunakan program smartPLS untuk menguji pengaruh politik identitas dan empat dimensi partisipasi politik yaitu; keterlibatan laten, keterlibatan pengikut, keterlibatan kontra, dan keterlibatan ekspresif. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa politik identitas memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keterlibatan kontra (R=0.172, P Value=0.021). Hal ini bermakna bahwa semakin tinggi politik identitas responden, maka akan merangsang seseorang untuk bertindak kontra produktif, melanggar privasi, dan berbuat kontroversi di media sosial. Penelitian dimasa depan perlu untuk memberikan rumusan edukasi masyarakat yang tepat agar pengguna media sosial dapat mengawal perilaku ekstrim berdasarkan politik identitasnya. Sehingga, partisipasi politik di media sosial akan menjadi lebih bijak dan positif.