bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic assessment of voltage dips caused by transformer energisation
Authors: Peng Jinsheng , Li Haiyu , Wang Zhongdong , Ghassemi Foroozan , Jarman Paul 
Published: September 2013

Energisation of large power transformers may cause significant voltage dips, of which the severity largely depends on a number of parameters, including circuit breaker closing time, transformer core residual flux and core saturation characteristic, and network conditions. Since most of the parameters are of stochastic nature, Monte Carlo simulation was conducted in this study to stochastically assess the voltage dips caused by transformer energisation in a 400 kV grid, using a network model developed and validated against field measurements. A dip frequency pattern was identified over 1000 stochastic runs and it was found to be sensitive to residual flux distribution but insensitive to closing offset time distribution. The probability of reaching the worst case dip magnitude (estimated under the commonly agreed worst energisation condition) was found to be lower than 0.5%; about 80% of the dips are likely to be with magnitudes lower than 0.6 pu of the worst case. Nevertheless, there are dips with magnitudes exceeding the worst case dip magnitude, indicating the inadequacy of deterministic assessment approach by using the commonly agreed worst energisation condition.
Défaut primaire d’éruption (DPE). Analyse génétique clinique et moléculaire
Authors: Stellzig-Eisenhauer Angelika , Decker Eva , Meyer-Marcotty Philipp , Rau Christiane , Fiebig Britta S. , Kress Wolfram , Saar Kathrin , Rüschendorf Franz , Hubner Norbert , Grimm Tiemo , Witt Emil , Weber Bernhard H.F. 
Published: September 2013

Définition:Le « défaut primaire d’éruption » (DPE), parfois aussi appelé « échec primaire d’éruption », désigne l’absence d’éruption partielle ou totale d’un germe non-ankylosé. Elle est due à une perturbation du mécanisme d’éruption. Le processus moléculaire conduisant à ce dysfonctionnement n’est pas connu à ce jour.Échantillon et méthodes :Quatre familles ont été étudiées. Dans chacune, au moins deux individus étaient affectés d’un défaut primaire d’éruption (DPE) non syndromique. Un diagnostic radiologique (panoramique) a été conduit sur tous les patients et les membres de leur famille qui n’étaient pas affectés (groupe contrôle). L’analyse génétique comprenait une analyse de liens pangénomique suivie d’un séquençage direct de l’ADN avec une cartographie des gènes candidats positionnels.Résultats :En partant des patients affectés, nous sommes parvenus à reconstituer des pédigrées sur deux ou trois générations dans les familles avec une transmission du défaut primaire d’éruption non syndromique selon un mode autosomique dominant. Quinze patients atteints de DPE ont été diagnostiqués. La distribution selon le genre s’est révélée pratiquement égale (7 femmes et 8 hommes). L’analyse génétique moléculaire du gène PTHR1 révèle trois mutations hétérozygotes (c.1050-3C>G ; c.543 + 1G>A ; c.463G>T). Aucune mutation n’a été trouvée chez les personnes non affectées.Conclusion :La connaissance des causes génétiques du DPE non syndromique peut maintenant être utilisée pour effectuer un diagnostic différentiel en cas de défaut d’éruption. Elle permet d’identifier très tôt les membres d’une famille qui sont touchés et pourrait, à long terme, déboucher sur de nouvelles possibilités de traitement. Le diagnostic génétiquement validé de défaut primaire d’éruption peut soustraire les patients et leurs orthodontistes à des années de tentatives de tractions vouées à l’échec, car le traitement orthodontique seul n’est pas une solution valable. Au contraire, il produit des effets iatrogènes sur les dents d’ancrage non affectées et sur les maxillaires.
L’effet mémoire de forme est-il une réalité clinique pour le
35° Copper Ni-Ti® ?
Étude par calorimétrie différentielle à balayage
Authors: Kanter Daniel , Bolender Yves , Rapin Christophe , Filleul Marie-Pierryle 
Published: September 2013

Introduction : Les alliages à base de nickel-titane-cuivre sont censés
exprimer un effet mémoire de forme : refroidis en phase basse température puis soumis à
une déformation apparemment plastique, ils devraient retrouver leur forme initiale par
simple réchauffage en phase haute température. Les alliages à base de nickel-titane
peuvent présenter différentes phases cristallographiques : martensite, austénite et une
phase intermédiaire inconstante, la phase R. L’effet mémoire de forme est généralement
associé à la transformation de martensite en austénite mais il peut aussi accompagner la
transformation de phase R en austénite. Les températures buccales n’étant pas compatibles
avec un alliage totalement martensitique, la présente étude vise, pour le 35° Copper
Ni-Ti®,
à rechercher la présence de phase R aux températures buccales et donc la possibilité
d’exploiter l’effet mémoire de forme de la phase R en clinique. Matériels et
méthodes : Trente fils 35° Copper
Ni-Ti®
provenant de deux lots distincts ont été consécutivement examinés par calorimétrie
différentielle à balayage en cycles partiels, limités aux températures rencontrées dans la
cavité buccale (de 0 °C à 50 °C). La présence d’une phase cristallographique intermédiaire
a été recherchée sur les thermogrammes. Les températures de transformation ont été
déterminées et les deux lots ont été comparés par le test U de Mann et Whitney.
Résultats : Au chauffage, tous les fils sont passés directement de
martensite en austénite. Af (moyenne = 33,5 °C, écart-type = 0,8 °C) était
généralement inférieure à la température indiquée par le fabricant et une différence
statistiquement significative (p ≤ 0,01) a été observée entre les deux lots.
Conclusions : La présence de phase R n’a pas été détectée et les
températures de transformation n’étaient pas constantes. Cette étude met en question la
réalité clinique d’un effet mémoire de forme pour les fils 35° Copper
Ni-Ti®.
Integration of epigenetic and genetic controls of seed size by cytokinin in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Jing , Nie Xin , Tan Jeanie Li Hui , Berger Frédéric 
Published: September 2013

Significance
This study provides a unifying view of the genetic and epigenetic regulations of seed size. Because epigenetic regulators are modulated by the environment, we predict that this network integrates environmental conditions and the physiological status of the plant to control seed size.
Reprogramming of G protein-coupled receptor recycling and signaling by a kinase switch
Authors: Vistein Rachel , Puthenveedu Manojkumar A. 
Published: September 2013

Significance
The recycling of many signaling receptors requires specific sequences on their C-terminal tail. Why is this so, when other proteins can use a “bulk” recycling pathway without apparent sequence requirements? Our results suggest that sequence requirements provide control points for cells to reprogram receptor recycling and cellular sensitivity. We show that the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR), a prototypical receptor, can switch between sequence-dependent and bulk recycling pathways based on adrenergic signaling through protein kinase A (PKA). This switch is driven by PKA-mediated direct phosphorylation of B2AR, which partitions between physically and functionally distinct endosomal microdomains based on its phosphorylation status. This partitioning modulates cellular sensitivity to adrenergic signaling and might help cells adapt to changes in extracellular environment.
From double-slit interference to structural information in simple hydrocarbons
Authors: Kushawaha Rajesh Kumar , Patanen Minna , Guillemin Renaud , Journel Loic , Miron Catalin , Simon Marc , Piancastelli Maria Novella , Skates C. , Decleva Piero 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Electrons emitted from equivalent centers in isolated molecules via the photoelectric effect interfere, providing an atomic-scale equivalent of the celebrated Young’s double-slit experiment. We have developed a theoretical and experimental framework to characterize such interference phenomena accurately, and we have applied it to the simplest hydrocarbons with different bond lengths and bonding types. We demonstrate that such fundamental observations can be related to crucial structural information, such as chemical bond lengths, molecular orbital composition, and quantitative assessment of many-body effects, with a very high accuracy. The experimental and theoretical tools we use are relatively simple and easily accessible, and our method can readily be extended to larger systems, including molecules of biological interest.
Nitric oxide synthase domain interfaces regulate electron transfer and calmodulin activation
Authors: Smith Brian C. , Underbakke Eric S. , Kulp Daniel W. , Schief William R. , Marletta Michael A. 
Published: September 2013

Significance
The biological role of nitric oxide (NO) in mammalian physiology is now well established as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular and nervous systems and as a chemical component in the host response to infection. NO is synthesized by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS). The structure of the entire NOS enzyme has not been solved, but the structure of isolated domains has been reported. In this study, we use a mass spectrometry approach (hydrogen–deuterium exchange) to find interaction surfaces of the native protein. These results were then used to generate NOS models, which revealed interaction surfaces that mediate NOS activity. These interacting surfaces provide insight into the conformational changes and residues necessary for regulating NOS activity.
Species and Life History Affect the Utility of Otolith Chemical Composition for Determining Natal Stream of Origin for Pacific Salmon
Authors: Zimmerman Christian E. , Swanson Heidi K. , Volk Eric C. , Kent Adam J. R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTo test the utility of otolith chemical composition as a tool for determining the natal stream of origin for salmon, we examined water chemistry and otoliths of juvenile and adult Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta and Coho Salmon O. kisutch from three watersheds (five rivers) in the Norton Sound region of Alaska. The two species are characterized by different life histories: Coho Salmon rear in freshwater for up to 3 years, whereas Chum Salmon emigrate from freshwater shortly after emergence. We used laser ablation (LA) inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) to quantify element: Ca ratios for Mg, Mn, Zn, Sr, and Ba, and we used multicollector LA‐ICP‐MS to determine 87Sr:86Sr ratios in otolith regions corresponding to the period of freshwater residence. Significant differences existed in both water and otolith elemental composition, suggesting that otolith composition could be used to discriminate the natal origin of Coho Salmon and Chum Salmon but only when 87Sr:86Sr ratios were included in the discriminant function analyses. The best discriminant model included 87Sr:86Sr ratios, and without 87Sr:86Sr ratios it was difficult to discriminate among watersheds and rivers. Classification accuracy was 80% for Coho Salmon and 68% for Chum Salmon, indicating that this method does not provide sufficient sensitivity to estimate straying rates of Pacific salmon at the scale we studied.
Myths and realities in community management of common pool resources in Malawi: social stratification as a negative side-effect of social capital
Authors: Zuka Sane 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In line with a global paradigm shift in the theory and practice of governance since the 1980s, state management of natural resources has increasingly been replaced by community management approaches. This shift is driven, in part, by the belief that local communities with strong social networks and norms (i.e., strong community social capital) can ably govern local resources. This paper examines the congruency between theoretical claims and empirical outcomes of Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM), particularly in the presence of traditional social hierarchies that help maintain social norms (and hence community social capital), but also cause social stratification and inequitable allocation of natural resources. Results demonstrate that the contribution of community social capital to successful CBNRM depends not merely on the presence of community social capital, but also on the nature and degree of social stratification.
Burden and Support Needs of Carers of Persons with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Bailey Rachel C. , Grenyer Brin F. S. 
Published: September 2013

Background
A major feature of personality disorders is significant impairment in interpersonal functioning, which may create challenges in close relationships. This article aims to systematically review the experience of carers of persons with personality disorders.

Method
The PRISMA systematic review method was followed, and empirical studies written in English, published between 1996 and 2011, and cited in major electronic databases were searched. Studies meeting the following selection criteria were included: (1) carers or families of persons with personality disorders; (2) intervention involving the carers or families; (3) burden or related construct used. Studies were required to meet either criteria 1 and 3 or criteria 2 and 3. Reference lists were scanned, and experts were consulted for further studies.

Results
Six studies met inclusion criteria, representing data on 465 carers. Five of the six studies focused on carers of persons with borderline personality disorder. The findings indicated that carers experience elevated objective and subjective burden, grief, impaired empowerment, and mental health problems, including depression and anxiety. Scores on objective and subjective burden were half a standard deviation above the mean compared to carers of inpatients with other serious mental illnesses.

Conclusions
This study is the first to report data on a large, aggregated sample of carers of persons with personality disorders. Significant gaps in the literature remain, and it is recommended that future research focus on the burden and support needs of carers of persons across different personality disorders, that attention be paid to the gender balance of patients, and that data be reported in a way to allow meta-analysis.
Assessing sex‐related chick provisioning in greater flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus parents using capture–recapture models
Authors: Rendón Miguel A. , Garrido Araceli , Rendón‐Martos Manuel , Ramírez José M. , Amat Juan A. 
Published: September 2013

Summary

In sexually dimorphic species, the parental effort of the smaller sex may be reduced due to competitive exclusion in the feeding areas by the larger sex or physiological constraints. However, to determine gender effects on provisioning patterns, other intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting parental effort should be accounted for.

Greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) exhibit sexual size dimorphism. In Fuente de Piedra colony, the lake dries out almost completely during the breeding season and both parents commute between breeding and foraging sites >130 km away during the chick‐rearing period.

Applying multistate capture–recapture models to daily observations of marked parents, we determined the effects of sex, and their interactions with other intrinsic and extrinsic factors, on the probability of chick desertion and sojourn in the colony and feeding areas. Moreover, using stable isotopes in the secretions that parents produce to feed their chicks, we evaluated sex‐specific use of wetlands.

The probability of chick attendance (complementary to chick desertion) was >0·98. Chick desertion was independent of parental sex, but decreased with parental age. Females stayed in the feeding areas for shorter periods [mean: 7·5 (95% CI: 6·0–9·4) days] than males [9·2 (7·3–11·8) days]. Isotopic signatures of secretions did not show sex differences in δ13C, but males' secretions were enriched in δ15N, suggesting they fed on prey of higher trophic levels than females. Both parents spent approximately 1 day in the colony, but females prolonged their mean stay when the lake dried out. Females also allocated more time to foraging in the flooded areas remaining in the colony, likely because they were energetically more stressed than males.

The results indicate that sex‐specific provisioning behaviour in greater flamingo is related to differential effects of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Males seem forage less efficiently than females, whereas females' body condition seems to be lower after feeding the chick. Our methodology may be extended to species that feed on distant food sources and that do not visit their offspring daily, to elucidate patterns of chick‐provisioning behaviour.
Pre‐surgery education for elective cardiac surgery patients: A survey from the patient's perspective
Authors: O'Brien Lisa , McKeough Carly , Abbasi Randa 
Published: September 2013

Background/aimMultidisciplinary pre‐admission patient education is commonly recommended for elective surgery patients, and may involve the provision of written information and presentations from the health team. However, the occupational therapy role with elective sternotomy patients in our setting is confined to the post‐operative period. We aimed to evaluate cardiac surgery patients' perception of the effectiveness and timing of pre‐admission multidisciplinary written information and post‐operative verbal education provided by occupational therapy.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved a written survey, which was posted to 375 people who had undergone cardiac surgery in 2009–2010. Questions were designed to elicit patient perceptions of both pre‐operative written information and post‐operative education relating to post‐operative precautions and return to activity received from occupational therapy.ResultsThere were 118 surveys returned equalling a 31.4% response rate. Eighty‐nine per cent of respondents recalled receiving and reading the pre‐surgery information booklet, and this was significantly correlated with feeling prepared for the post‐operative experience and adherence with precautions (P < 0.0001). Exactly 30.4% of respondents stated that they experienced stress and anxiety in relation to post‐operative expectations, and 47.3% felt the information provided in the occupational therapy education sessions would have been more beneficial for their understanding and coping if provided prior to surgery.ConclusionsMultidisciplinary written pre‐surgery education appears to be providing patients with a good understanding of what to expect following surgery. The results suggest that pre‐operative verbal education from occupational therapy would assist in reducing anxiety in a subgroup of patients.
Understanding primary carers' occupational adaptation and engagement
Authors: McDougall Carmel , Buchanan Angus , Peterson Sunila 
Published: September 2013

Background/aimPrimary carers for people with intellectual disability living in remote rural areas experience high demand care commitments that may require them to be available twenty‐four hours seven days a week and reduce their access to formal or respite support leaving them little time to engage in other occupations. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of caring for a person with an intellectual disability living in remote rural farming location on primary carers' occupational engagement.MethodA thematic analysis, using an interpretive phenomenological analysis approach, was conducted on seven in‐depth semi‐structured interviews of primary carers.ResultsOccupational adaptation and engagement, emerging as a primary theme, indicated that primary carers' occupations were affected by: limiting opportunity to develop occupations; developing new occupations; adapting occupations; and ceasing occupations. A number of influencing themes, affecting the primary carers' occupational engagement also emerged, including: lifestyle and occupational roles; wellness and health; engaging quality supports; societal and community context; and vision for the future.ConclusionThe results provided an initial understanding of the impact of caring on the primary carers' occupational adaptation and engagement, and a suggestion that clinicians consider using a family‐centred approach as an effective and meaningful intervention.
Writing Readiness Inventory Tool in Context (WRITIC): Reliability and convergent validity
Authors: van Hartingsveldt Margo J. , Cup Edith H. C. , de Groot Imelda J. M. , Nijhuis‐van der Sanden Maria W. G. 
Published: September 2013

Background/aimThis study examined the reliability and convergent validity of the Writing Readiness Inventory Tool in Context, a measurement evaluating writing readiness in kindergarten children (aged from five to six years).MethodsTest–retest reliability was established with 59 children, inter‐rater reliability with 72 children and convergent validity with 119 children. All participants were typically developing kindergarten children. Convergent validity was examined with the Beery‐Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual‐Motor Integration and the Nine‐Hole Peg Test.ResultsWe found excellent test–retest and inter‐rater reliability on the future norm‐referenced subdomain ‘Task performance’ of Writing Readiness Inventory Tool in Context with intra‐class correlation coefficient ranging from 0.92 to 0.95. On the other criterion‐referenced subdomains, we found fair to good reliability with intra‐class correlation coefficient ranging from 0.70 to 1.0 and weighted Kappa ranging from 0.30 to 0.89. Correlations with the Beery‐Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual‐Motor Integration and the Nine‐Hole Peg Test were moderate with rs ranging from 0.34 to 0.40 and these are comparable with correlations in other handwriting studies.ConclusionWriting Readiness Inventory Tool in Context is an assessment of writing readiness that is stable over time and between raters. The expected moderate correlations with the Beery‐Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual‐Motor Integration and the Nine‐Hole Peg Test support the construct of writing readiness.
The importance of hydrogen and formate transfer for syntrophic fatty, aromatic and alicyclic metabolism
Authors: Sieber Jessica R. , Le Huynh M. , McInerney Michael J. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryWe used a combination of genomic, transcriptional and enzymatic analyses to determine the mechanism of interspecies electron transfer by two model syntrophic microorganisms, Syntrophomonas wolfei and Syntrophus aciditrophicus. Both organisms contain multiple hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase genes, but lack genes for outer membrane cytochromes and nanowire formation. Syntrophically grown cells and cell‐free extracts of S. aciditrophicus and S. wolfei had both hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase activities. Butyrate metabolism and CH4 production by washed cell suspensions of S. wolfei and Methanospirillum hungatei were inhibited by hydrogenase inhibitors (cyanide and carbon monoxide), but not by a formate dehydrogenase inhibitor (hypophosphite). Syntrophic benzoate oxidation and CH4 production by washed cell suspensions of S. aciditrophicus and M. hungatei were inhibited by hypophosphite, but not cyanide and carbon monoxide. All three inhibitors halted syntrophic cyclohexane‐1‐carboxylate metabolism. Two hydrogenase genes, hydA1 and hydA2, were more highly expressed when S. wolfei was grown syntrophically. S. aciditrophicus expressed multiple hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase genes during syntrophic benzoate and cyclohexane‐1‐carboxylate growth, one of which (fdhA2) was highly differentially expressed during syntrophic benzoate growth. Thus, these syntrophic microorganisms have flexible metabolisms that allow them to use either H2 or formate transfer depending on the substrate involved.