bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compatibility analysis of reactive dyes by exhaustion-fixation and adsorption isotherm on knitted cotton fabric
Authors: Haque Abu Naser Md Ahsanul , Hannan MA , Masud Rana Md 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCompatibility analysis was done by exhaustion, fixation and adsorption isotherm upon three reactive dyes; Remazol Red RR, Remazol Yellow RR and Remazol Blue RR. The known solutions of each dye were tested in UV-visible spectrophotometer and the extinction coefficients were calculated by drawing absorbance versus concentration curve. Dyeing processes were carried out in 4 different dye concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%) for each of the dye. The post dye and post wash liquors were tested in UV-visible spectrophotometer and the dye concentrations of those solutions were calculated through the Beer-Lambert law. The exhaustion%, fixation% of all three dyes was compared between them and their adsorption isotherm models were drawn. In between Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, the last one had the supremacy. Among the dyes, Blue RR had better exhaustion performance although it was not pleasingly attached with the fiber during fixation. Red RR was excellent in both exhaustion and fixation stages. It was found that in deeper concentrations the compatibility among these three dyes would be low. But experimental data shows that introducing more electrolytes and reducing the temperature as well as the alkali amount can improve these dyes’ compatibility.
Cocaine modulates HIV-1 integration in primary CD4+ T cells: implications in HIV-1 pathogenesis in drug-abusing patients
Authors: Addai Amma B , Pandhare Jui , Paromov Victor , Mantri Chinmay K , Pratap Siddharth , Dash Chandravanu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Epidemiologic studies suggest that cocaine abuse worsens HIV-1 disease progression. Increased viral load has been suggested to play a key role for the accelerated HIV disease among cocaine-abusing patients. The goal of this study was to investigate whether cocaine enhances proviral DNA integration as a mechanism to increase viral load. We infected CD4+ T cells that are the primary targets of HIV-1 in vivo and treated the cells with physiologically relevant concentrations of cocaine (1 µM–100 µM). Proviral DNA integration in the host genome was measured by nested qPCR. Our results illustrated that cocaine from 1 µM through 50 µM increased HIV-1 integration in CD4+ T cells in a dose-dependent manner. As integration can be modulated by several early postentry steps of HIV-1 infection, we examined the direct effects of cocaine on viral integration by in vitro integration assays by use of HIV-1 PICs. Our data illustrated that cocaine directly increases viral DNA integration. Furthermore, our MS analysis showed that cocaine is able to enter CD4+ T cells and localize to the nucleus-. In summary, our data provide strong evidence that cocaine can increase HIV-1 integration in CD4+ T cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that increased HIV-1 integration is a novel mechanism by which cocaine enhances viral load and worsens disease progression in drug-abusing HIV-1 patients.
Phase III Trial Evaluating the Addition of Bevacizumab to Endocrine Therapy As First-Line Treatment for Advanced Breast Cancer: The Letrozole/Fulvestrant and Avastin (LEA) Study
Authors: Martín Miguel , Loibl Sibylle , von Minckwitz Gunter , Morales Serafín , Martinez Noelia , Guerrero Angel , Anton Antonio , Aktas Bahriye , Schoenegg Winfried , Muñoz Montserrat , Garcia-Saenz José Ángel , Gil Miguel , Ramos Manuel , Margeli Mireia , Carrasco Eva , Liedtke Cornelia , Wachsmann Grischa , Mehta Keyur , De la Haba-Rodriguez Juan R. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose To test whether combining bevacizumab, an anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment, with endocrine therapy (ET) could potentially delay the emergence of resistance to ET. Patients and Methods A multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III, binational (Spain and Germany) study added bevacizumab (15 mg/kg every 3 weeks) to ET (ET-B; letrozole or fulvestrant) as first-line therapy in postmenopausal patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –negative and hormone receptor–positive advanced breast cancer. We compared progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), response duration (RD), time to treatment failure (TTF), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and safety. Results From 380 patients recruited (2007 to 2011), 374 were analyzed by intent to-treat (184 patients on ET and 190 patients on ET-B). Median age was 65 years, 270 patients (72%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0, 178 patients (48%) had visceral metastases, and 171 patients (46%) and 195 patients (52%) had received prior chemotherapy or ET, respectively. Median PFS was 14.4 months in the ET arm and 19.3 months in the ET-B arm (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.06; P = .126). ORR, CBR, and RD with ET versus ET-B were 22% versus 41% (P < .001), 67% versus 77% (P = .041), and 13.3 months versus 17.6 months (P = .434), respectively. TTF and OS were comparable in both arms. Grade 3 to 4 hypertension, aminotransferase elevation, and proteinuria were significantly higher in the ET-B arm. Eight patients (4.2%) receiving ET-B died during study or within 30 days of end of treatment. Conclusion The addition of bevacizumab to ET in first-line treatment failed to produce a statistically significant increase in PFS or OS in women with HER2-negative/hormone receptor–positive advanced breast cancer.
First- and Second-Line Bevacizumab in Addition to Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A United States–Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Goldstein Daniel A. , Chen Qiushi , Ayer Turgay , Howard David H. , Lipscomb Joseph , El-Rayes Bassel F. , Flowers Christopher R. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose The addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is a standard of care for previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Continuation of bevacizumab beyond progression is an accepted standard of care based on a 1.4-month increase in median overall survival observed in a randomized trial. No United States–based cost-effectiveness modeling analyses are currently available addressing the use of bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer. Our objective was to determine the cost effectiveness of bevacizumab in the first-line setting and when continued beyond progression from the perspective of US payers. Methods We developed two Markov models to compare the cost and effectiveness of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with or without bevacizumab in the first-line treatment and subsequent fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan with or without bevacizumab in the second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Model robustness was addressed by univariable and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Health outcomes were measured in life-years and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Results Using bevacizumab in first-line therapy provided an additional 0.10 QALYs (0.14 life-years) at a cost of $59,361. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $571,240 per QALY. Continuing bevacizumab beyond progression provided an additional 0.11 QALYs (0.16 life-years) at a cost of $39,209. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $364,083 per QALY. In univariable sensitivity analyses, the variables with the greatest influence on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio were bevacizumab cost, overall survival, and utility. Conclusion Bevacizumab provides minimal incremental benefit at high incremental cost per QALY in both the first- and second-line settings of metastatic colorectal cancer treatment.
Spirostomin, Defense Toxin of the Ciliate Spirostomum teres: Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Synthesis
Authors: Sera Yoshihiko , Masaki Miyuki Eiraku , Doe Matsumi , Buonanno Federico , Miyake Akio , Usuki Yoshinosuke , Iio Hideo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The defense toxins, spirostomins A and B, have been isolated as a diastereomeric mixture from the ciliate microorganism Spirostomum teres. The structure of spirostomin was elucidated through a number of NMR experiments which allowed assigning the unprecedented spiro[(2,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1,4-dione)-8,6′-(pyrane-2′,5′-dione)] skeleton to this natural compound. The total syntheses of the racemic spirostomins confirmed their structure and relative configurations.
Modification of poplar wood with glucose crosslinked with citric acid and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxy ethyleneurea
Authors: He Xiaoyan , Xiao Zefang , Feng Xinhao , Sui Shujuan , Wang Qingwen , Xie Yanjun 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Poplar wood (Populus adenopoda Maxim) has been modified by glucose (GLC) in the presence of citric acid (CA) or 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxy ethyleneurea (DM) as crosslinker agents. GLC can penetrate easily the wood cell walls, and after crosslinking, the cell wall is bulked. At 20% GLC concentration level, the leaching ratio of GLC incorporated into wood decreased from 73% to 15% in the presence of 10% CA or DM. The crosslinking efficiency of DM was higher than that of CA. The fixed chemicals in the cell walls caused ca. 6% permanent bulking, namely, a 43% reduction in volumetric swelling after water saturation. FTIR spectroscopy shows that GLC can be activated in the presence of a catalyst; however, the reaction of GLC with a wood polymer is very limited. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) reveals that some of the chemicals remained located in the cell lumens. The findings demonstrate that GLC alone is not efficient, but joint treatment of GLC with crosslinkers is a feasible way of wood modification.
Pilot-scale demonstration of SPORL for bioconversion of lodgepole pine to bioethanol and lignosulfonate
Authors: Zhou Haifeng , Zhu J. Y. , Gleisner Roland , Qiu Xueqing , Horn Eric , Negrón José 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The process sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL) has been the focus of this study. Pilot-scale (50 kg) pretreatment of wood chips of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon) killed by mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) were conducted at 165°C with a dilute sulfite solution of pH 2 for bioconversion to ethanol and lignosulfonate (LS). The pretreatment duration was optimized in laboratory bench scale experiments with a certain severity based on a combined hydrolysis factor (CHF). The sodium bisulfite loading was 8% and the liquor to wood ratio 3. The pretreated solids were disk milled together with the spent liquid and the resultant slurry with a 25% solids content was directly (without detoxification) submitted to a simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with Saccharomyces
cerevisiae YRH400 at cellulase loading of 35 ml kg-1 of untreated wood. At solids loading of 20%, the alcohol yield was 288 l t-1 wood (with a final concentration of 52.2 g l-1), which corresponds to a 72.0% theoretical yield based on total glucan, mannan, and xylan. The LS from SPORL was highly sulfonated and its molecular weight was lower than that of a purified commercial softwood LS, and therefore it has a high potential as a directly marketable co-product.
Hormones and the blood-brain barrier
Authors: Hampl Richard , Bičíková Marie , Sosvorová Lucie 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Hormones exert many actions in the brain, and brain cells are also hormonally active. To reach their targets in brain structures, hormones must overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a unique device selecting desired/undesired molecules to reach or leave the brain, and it is composed of endothelial cells forming the brain vasculature. These cells differ from other endothelial cells in their almost impermeable tight junctions and in possessing several membrane structures such as receptors, transporters, and metabolically active molecules, ensuring their selection function. The main ways how compounds pass through the BBB are briefly outlined in this review. The main part concerns the transport of major classes of hormones: steroids, including neurosteroids, thyroid hormones, insulin, and other peptide hormones regulating energy homeostasis, growth hormone, and also various cytokines. Peptide transporters mediating the saturable transport of individual classes of hormones are reviewed. The last paragraph provides examples of how hormones affect the permeability and function of the BBB either at the level of tight junctions or by various transporters.
Thymoquinone ameliorates NLRP3-mediated inflammation in the pancreas of albino Wistar rats fed ethanol and high-fat diet
Authors: Periyanayagam Suguna , Arumugam Geetha , Ravikumar Aruna , Ganesan Vijaiyan Siva 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background: Inflammasomes are protein complexes that mediate the process of inflammation and tissue injury by regulating the level of cytokine production. Pancreatitis is a major gastrointestinal disorder characterized by painful inflammation in the pancreas. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether thymoquinone (TQ) exerts anti-inflammatory activity by influencing the expression of the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) complex of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes in rats subjected to experimental pancreatitis.

Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were randomly separated into four groups. Rats in groups 1 and 2 were fed with a normal diet for 90 days, and rats in groups 3 and 4 were administered with ethanol (EtOH) 8–12 g/kg/day orally and fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 90 days. In addition, rats in groups 2 and 4 were administered with 100 mg/kg body weight of TQ from the 31st day. The serum lipase (L)/amylase (A) ratio; the oxidative stress markers; the GSH/GSSG ratio; the mRNA expression of ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α; and the protein expression of ASC and caspase-1 in the pancreas were assessed.

Results: We observed a significant increase in the serum L/A ratio and oxidative stress, a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, and a GST activity in EtOH- and HFD-fed rats. The mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α was significantly reduced in TQ-coadministered rats than that in EtOH- and HFD-fed rats. The upregulation of mRNA and the protein expression of ASC and caspase-1 were significantly reduced in TQ-coadministered rats.

Conclusions: TQ exerts the anti-inflammatory activity probably by downregulating the ASC expression to minimize the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines.
Explicit formula for the solution of the phaseless inverse
scattering problem of imaging of nano structures
Authors: Klibanov Michael V. , Romanov Vladimir G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Imaging of nano structures is necessary for the quality control in their
manufacturing. In the case when X-rays probe the medium, only the modulus of
the complex valued scattered wave field can be measured. The phase cannot be
measured. In the case of the Born approximation, we obtain an explicit
reconstruction formula for the unknown coefficient from the phaseless
scattering data.
Associations between IGF-I, IGF-binding proteins and bone turnover markers in prepubertal obese children
Authors: Gajewska Joanna , Klemarczyk Witold , Ambroszkiewicz Jadwiga , Szamotulska Katarzyna , Chełchowska Magdalena , Weker Halina 
Published: February 2015

Abstract: To assess the relationships between components of the growth hormone axis, body composition, and bone markers in obese children.: We determined the levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) by immunoenzymatic methods, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 45 obese and 20 non-obese children.IGF-I and functional IGFBP-3 levels, IGF-I/total IGFBP-3, and functional IGFBP-3/total IGFBP-3 molar ratios were significantly higher in obese patients than in controls. Multivariate regression analysis in obese patients showed significant associations of BALP with IGF-I (p=0.047) and percent of body fat mass (p=0.002).The relationship of IGF-I and functional IGFBP-3 to BALP may support the concept of IGF-I influence on accelerated bone formation process in obesity. Moreover, IGF-I and percentage of body fat mass may be significant predictors of BALP in obese during the prepubertal period.
Exact solutions for the fractional differential equations by using the first integral method
Authors: Aminikhah Hossein , Sheikhani A. Refahi , Rezazadeh Hadi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we apply the first integral method to study the solutions of the nonlinear fractional modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation, the nonlinear fractional modified Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation and the nonlinear fractional Whitham-Broer-Kaup-Like systems. This method is based on the ring theory of commutative algebra. The results obtained by the proposed method show that the approach is effective and general. This approach can also be applied to other nonlinear fractional differential equations, which are arising in the theory of solitons and other areas.
Analytical Solutions for Rumor Spreading Dynamical Model in a Social Network
Authors: Fallahpour R. , Chakouvari S. , Askari H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, Laplace Adomian decomposition method is utilized for evaluating of spreading model of rumor. Firstly, a succinct review is constructed on the subject of using analytical methods such as Adomian decomposion method, Variational iteration method and Homotopy Analysis method for epidemic models and biomathematics. In continue a spreading model of rumor with consideration of forgetting mechanism is assumed and subsequently LADM is exerted for solving of it. By means of the aforementioned method, a general solution is achieved for this problem which can be readily employed for assessing of rumor model without exerting any computer program. In addition, obtained consequences for this problem are discussed for different cases and parameters. Furthermore, it is shown the method is so straightforward and fruitful for analyzing equations which have complicated terms same as rumor model. By employing numerical methods, it is revealed LADM is so powerful and accurate for eliciting solutions of this model. Eventually, it is concluded that this method is so appropriate for this problem and it can provide researchers a very powerful vehicle for scrutinizing rumor models in diverse kinds of social networks such as Facebook, YouTube, Flickr, LinkedIn and Tuitor.
Der Einflufi der Phononenmitfiihrung auf den Elektrotransp in Metallen / Influence of Phonon Drag on the Eledromigration in Metals
Authors: Bohn H.-J. , Simon G. 
Published: February 2015

For the driving force of electromigration on an impurity atom in a metal usually one takes into consideration only the direct influence of the electrical field and the collisions with electrons. It is shown that the contribution of the phonon drag to the driving force may in some cases exceed the contribution of the electrons considerably.
A system of Boltzmann transport equations for the distribution functions of electrons, phonons and impurity atoms is set up and solved in linear approximation. As a result of the theory the "effective" charge of the impurity atoms - that is that quantity, which is usually obtained by experimental investigations - can be split up into two additive contributions from electron and phonon collisions. The effective charge can be expressed through microscopic quantities. The magnitude of the effective charges agrees rather well with experiment, but not their dependence on temperature
Topological Resonance Energy of Very Large Benzenoid Hydrocarbons
Authors: Gutman Ivan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An approximate expression is obtained for the resonance energy of benzenoid hydrocarbons. The resonance energy is shown to depend in a simple manner on the number of six-membered cycles and on the number of Kekule structural formulae of the molecule. By this approach, the resonance energies of very large benzenoid hydrocarbons can be determined.
Lattice Vibration Spectra XXIV*. Far-Infrared Reflection Spectra, Optical and Dielectric Constants, and Effective Charges of the Pyrite Type Compounds FeS2, MnS2, MnSe2, and MnTe2
Authors: Lutz H. D. , Kliche G. , Haeuseler H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
From the far-infrared reflection spectra of the pyrite type compounds FeS2, MnS2, MnSe2, and MnTe2 we determined the TO and LO phonon frequencies at wave vector | q | ≈ 0 by both Kramers-Kronig analysis and classical oscillator fit method. In the case of MnSe2 and MnTe2 we found for the first time all five group-theoretically allowed reststrahlen bands. The phonon frequencies obtained from both single crystal and pressed pellet reflection measurements do not show any significant differences. The calculated optical and dielectric constants however are strongly affected by the surface quality of the sample. Effective ionic charges (Born effective charge, Szigeti charge) were calculated from the experimentally determined TO/LO splittings. They demonstrate an increasing ionicity in the order FeS2<MnTe2<MnSe2<MnS2.
Fluorescence and Absorption Spectra of Phenylazopyrazolone Dyes
Authors: Nikolov Peter , Fratev Filip , Stoyanov Stefan , Polansky Oskar E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The absorption and fluorescence spectra of some arylazopyrazolone dyes have been investigated. The emission is assigned to their hydrazone form. A very good linear correlation is obtained between the σ Hammett constants and the differences of the absorption maxima of the hydrazone form and the anion. Quantum chemical calculations indicate to a charge migration upon exci­tation.
The electron donor substituents cause bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts in the absorption and in the fluorescence maxima resp., while the acceptor substituents shift bathochromically both maxima. All compounds studied except the p-N(CH3)2 derivative show an anomalously large Stokes shift in nonpolar solvents.
Characterization of the High Temperature Form of Fe2(MoO4)3
Authors: Gur'ev A. V. , Flor G. , Marini A. , Massarotti V. , Riccardi R. 
Published: February 2015

Ferric molyhdate in its high temperature orthorhomhic phase has been characterized by conductometric and thermogravimetric measurements.
In the temperature range 793-973 K the compound can exist with O2 and MoO3 deficiencies.
Defect models are proposed which can explain the experimental results: while a majority defect pair constituted by (Vo2-,e') seems to be valid at T = 793 K, two majority defect pairs (Vo2-, e'; V6'
Mo, VO
2') are taken as possible at T = 873 K
Calculation of Vibrational Spectra for Surface Atoms: FCC Transition Metals
Authors: Masuda K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A (self-consistent) tight-binding type electronic theory is used to calculate the atomic relax­ ation and force constants between atoms near the (001) surface of fee transition metals (Ni, Pd and Pt). Assuming the Born-Mayer potential for the short-range core repulsion energies, we have derived simple analytic expressions for the force constants near the surface. We then calculate the local vibrational spectra and Debye parameters for the surface atoms, employing the recursion method originally introduced by Haydock et al. for the electronic structure calculation of solids. It is shown that the inclusion of electronic effects (electronic rearrangement and surface relax­ation) is important for the vibration of surface atoms.
Refractivity of Molten Nitrates and Chlorides: Binary Mixtures Containing Cesium Ions
Authors: Uchiyama Yohji , Karawacki Ernest 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
By using an interferometric technique, the refractive index of some molten salt mixtures containing Cs+ ions was measured with high accuracy: (Li-Cs)NO3, (Na-Cs)NO3, (Ag-Cs)NO3, (Li-Cs)Cl, and also pure RbCl. The isotherms of molar refractivity show a small negative deviation from additivity in the (Li-Cs)NO3 and (Li-Cs)Cl systems and a positive deviation in the (Ag-Cs)NO3 mixture. A tentative attempt was made to relate the excess molar refractivities with the absorption bands of the ions.