bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triangulation of the neurocomputational architecture underpinning reading aloud
Authors: Hoffman Paul , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. , Woollams Anna M. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Reading is a critical linguistic skill, but understanding of its cognitive and neural bases is incomplete. Using functional MRI, we found reading-related activation in two areas of anterior temporal cortex, an area not previously associated with reading. Activation profiles of these sites were consistent with the predictions of computational reading models that ascribe a key role to semantic knowledge in reading words with irregular spellings. We also found individual differences in the reading neural network that were predicted by an independent measure of semantic reliance in reading. Such individual differences have been hypothesized on theoretical grounds to explain variation in reading abilities among neurodegenerative patients. Here we provide the first direct evidence, to our knowledge, for their existence in the healthy brain.
Drug-eluting microarrays to identify effective chemotherapeutic combinations targeting patient-derived cancer stem cells
Authors: Carstens Matthew R. , Fisher Robert C. , Acharya Abhinav P. , Butterworth Elizabeth A. , Scott Edward , Huang Emina H. , Keselowsky Benjamin G. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Cancer research has relied on in vitro experiments with established cell lines to investigate the efficacy of chemotherapy drug panels, which limit clinical correlation. Targeting tumor-initiating cells could be a viable clinical strategy, but these cells are extremely rare, necessitating new methods for rapid and robust screening. We developed a miniaturized platform to investigate the chemosensitivity of patient-derived tumor-initiating cells using limited cell numbers. The miniature platform described herein represents, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of a cell patterning technique that combines the ability to release small molecule drugs, alone or in combination, to separate islands of cells. This device can be adopted in clinical and academic laboratories targeting cancer stem cell populations to tailor patient-specific chemotherapeutic treatment options.
FUS functions in coupling transcription to splicing by mediating an interaction between RNAP II and U1 snRNP
Authors: Yu Yong , Reed Robin 
Published: June 2015

Significance
The protein fused-in-sarcoma (FUS) is mutated to cause the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but its normal cellular role remains to be understood. Previous work showed that FUS associates with both RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and the essential splicing factor U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP). Here we were able to directly investigate the functional significance of these interactions using an in vitro system. We show that FUS is essential for the interaction between U1 snRNP and RNAP II and that FUS must be present during the RNAP II transcription reaction in order for splicing to occur. Together, these data indicate that FUS mediates an interaction between RNAP II and U1 snRNP, thereby physically and functionally coupling transcription to splicing.
The MYB36 transcription factor orchestrates Casparian strip formation
Authors: Kamiya Takehiro , Borghi Monica , Wang Peng , Danku John M. C. , Kalmbach Lothar , Hosmani Prashant S. , Naseer Sadaf , Fujiwara Toru , Geldner Niko , Salt David E. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Casparian strips play a critical role in sealing endodermal cells in the root to block uncontrolled extracellular uptake of nutrients and water. Building Casparian strips requires the construction of extracellular lignin structures that encircle cells within the cell wall and that are anchored to the plasma membranes of adjacent cells to form tight seals between them. The transcription factor we have discovered, and the set of genes it regulates, now provides us with the detailed “parts list” necessary to build Casparian strips. This finding has clear implications for better understanding the nature of tight cellular junctions in biology and also has practical implications of agricultural, offering the potential for improved water and nutrient use efficiencies and enhanced resistance to abiotic stresses.
O-glycans direct selectin ligands to lipid rafts on leukocytes
Authors: Shao Bojing , Yago Tadayuki , Setiadi Hendra , Wang Ying , Mehta-D’souza Padmaja , Fu Jianxin , Crocker Paul R. , Rodgers William , Xia Lijun , McEver Rodger P. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Leukocytes partition certain proteins into cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich membrane regions (lipid rafts) that function as signaling platforms. Inflammatory stimuli cause leukocytes to elongate to form lamellipodia and uropods at opposite ends that facilitate migration. Many raft-associated proteins move to uropods. Proteins are typically thought to use their transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains to associate with rafts. Here, we found that some leukocyte adhesion proteins used carbohydrate modification (glycosylation) of their extracellular domains to associate with lipid rafts. These proteins required preassociation with rafts to transduce signals but, unexpectedly, not to move to uropods. These data define a mechanism for localizing proteins to critical membrane regions of leukocytes.
DDT-based indoor residual spraying suboptimal for visceral leishmaniasis elimination in India
Authors: Coleman Michael , Foster Geraldine M. , Deb Rinki , Pratap Singh Rudra , Ismail Hanafy M. , Shivam Pushkar , Ghosh Ayan Kumar , Dunkley Sophie , Kumar Vijay , Coleman Marlize , Hemingway Janet , Paine Mark J. I. , Das Pradeep 
Published: June 2015

SignificanceVisceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is a major parasitic disease on the Indian subcontinent, with 85% of the disease incidence in India. As with malaria, indoor residual spraying (IRS) can be used to control and, ultimately, eliminate VL as a public health problem. However, in India, widespread resistance to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), the insecticide used, combined with poor quality assurance (QA) of IRS and limited entomological surveillance, is hindering the VL elimination effort. Here, we present entomological abundance and insecticide resistance data and data arising from QA of IRS to explore these issues and establish an evidence base for improving the Indian VL elimination program. Unless these issues are addressed, the South Asian VL elimination effort will fail.
Nuclear receptor Nurr1 agonists enhance its dual functions and improve behavioral deficits in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kim Chun-Hyung , Han Baek-Soo , Moon Jisook , Kim Deog-Joong , Shin Joon , Rajan Sreekanth , Nguyen Quoc Toan , Sohn Mijin , Kim Won-Gon , Han Minjoon , Jeong Inhye , Kim Kyoung-Shim , Lee Eun-Hye , Tu Yupeng , Naffin-Olivos Jacqueline L. , Park Chang-Hwan , Ringe Dagmar , Yoon Ho Sup , Petsko Gregory A. , Kim Kwang-Soo 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most prevalent movement disorder with no available treatments that can stop or slow down the disease progress. Although the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 is a promising target for PD, it is thought to be a ligand-independent transcription factor and, so far, no small molecule has been identified that can bind to its ligand binding domain. Here, we established high throughput cell-based assays and successfully identified three Nurr1 agonists among FDA-approved drugs, all sharing an identical chemical scaffold. Remarkably, these compounds not only directly bind to Nurr1 but also ameliorate behavioral defects in a rodent model of PD. Thus, our study shows that Nurr1 could serve as a valid drug target for neuroprotective therapeutics of PD.
Role of RAG1 autoubiquitination in V(D)J recombination
Authors: Singh Samarendra K. , Gellert Martin 
Published: June 2015

Significance
The immune system of vertebrates has to respond to a great variety of infectious agents. Its power to meet these challenges relies on the assembly of a diverse set of genes for antibodies and T-cell receptors from large arrays of gene segments. This genomic reshuffling, known as V(D)J recombination, is initiated by the RAG1 and RAG2 proteins working together to cut DNA at specific sites. In addition to its role in DNA cleavage, RAG1 is known to contain a ubiquitin ligase activity that attaches ubiquitin to itself, as well as other proteins. Here we show that ubiquitination of RAG1, which can be promoted by RAG1’s own ubiquitin ligase activity, is a powerful activator of the DNA cutting and recombination activity of RAG1/RAG2.
Deep Hooking and Postrelease Mortality of Two Australian Native Freshwater Fishes Angled from Rivers by using Natural Baits
Authors: Hall Karina C. , Broadhurst Matt K. , Cullis Brian R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDeep hooking is one of the key causes of mortality among angled‐and‐released teleosts worldwide. We assessed the effects of natural baits and other variables on the frequency of deep hooking and postrelease mortality in two Australian native freshwater fishes that are classified as vulnerable or endangered: Golden Perch Macquaria ambigua and Freshwater Catfish Tandanus tandanus. Sixty‐one angled Golden Perch were released and monitored in individual submersible cages at their capture location or were held in shore‐based group tanks; of these fish, 97% were hooked with natural baits, 41% were deep hooked and had their lines cut, and 44% died. Of the Golden Perch that died, 70% were deep hooked, and hook location and two associated factors (hook removal and ease of handling) were identified as significant predictors of mortality. Mortality of Golden Perch was also significantly greater during the afternoon session on the first day of angling than during other sessions and days. In contrast, of the 98 Freshwater Catfish that were similarly angled with natural baits, only 9% ingested hooks and only 3% died, with no significant mortality factors identified. None of the control fish died. Interspecific differences in deep‐hooking frequency are discussed in relation to the significant influences of time of day (both species), angler experience (Freshwater Catfish), and river reach (Golden Perch) and the likely differences in mouth morphology and feeding mechanisms. The results indicate that anglers should refrain from using natural baits when fishing for Golden Perch so as to minimize deep hooking and postrelease mortality, which will ultimately help conserve and manage these stocks.
Yvh1 protein phosphatase is required for pre-autophagosomal structure formation after TORC1 inactivation
Authors: Yeasmin Akter M S T , Waliullah Talukdar Muhammad , Kondo Akihiro , Ushimaru Takashi 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS) is a putative site for autophagosome formation in budding yeast. Upon nutrient depletion or rapamycin treatment, target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) becomes inactive, inducing PAS formation and autophagy. Here, we show that Yvh1 phosphatase is critical for PAS formation, but not autophagy induction, after TORC1 inactivation.
Coadjoint orbits of stepwise square integrable representations
Authors: Beltiţă Ingrid , Beltiţă Daniel 
Published: June 2015

Nilpotent Lie groups with stepwise square integrable representations were recently investigated by J.A. Wolf. We give an alternative approach to these representations by relating them to the stratifications of the duals of nilpotent Lie algebras, thus proving that they correspond to a subset with relative Hausdorff topology, dense interior, and total Plancherel measure in the unitary dual of the Lie group under consideration.
Questioning: a path to student learning experience
Authors: Ozuem Wilson , Lancaster Geoff 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate connections between questioning, learning, achievement and conscious knowledge and beliefs held by tutors and how these are applied in a teaching/learning situation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The design of this study involved the authors listening to, but not participating in, classroom teaching sessions followed by individual in-depth discussions with tutors and students to ascertain how best to advance learning and achievement.

Findings
– Responses generated from questioning and dialogue helps tutors realign their teaching in response to the needs of learners including comprehending life issues and solving problems. Tutors should consider “think-pair share strategy” in their delivery.

Research limitations/implications
– Research was limited to one specific location, the sample was self-selected and limited to tutors who volunteered to take part in the investigation. A greater number of experimental locations with 100 per cent participation would have enhanced the validity of the findings.

Practical implications
– Learners need to be motivated to ask questions and be encouraged to become involved in discussions. Questioning and dialogue provide a framework for sharing educational objectives with students and charting their progress and this can lead to a better framework for delivery and understanding.

Social implications
– If tutors can better realign their teaching in response to the needs of learners including comprehending life issues and solving problems then this can lead to a more focused learning experience.

Originality/value
– The work was based on empirical investigations of tutors and learners in group and individual situations and the findings have been reported.
University teachers’ conceptions of “Changemaker”
Authors: Alden Rivers Bethany , Nie Ming , Armellini Alejandro 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to report on a study aimed at understanding the different conceptions that University of Northampton teachers hold of “Changemaker”, an institutional initiative to develop capacities for social innovation.Design/methodology/approach– The study took a phenomenographic approach to identify a small number of qualitatively different conceptions of Changemaker among teaching staff. Face-to-face, phenomenographic interviews were carried out with 30 teachers across the university. Transcript data were analysed using thematic inductive analysis.Findings– Five different conceptions of Changemaker were found: Changemaker as university strategy; Changemaker as critical thinking, perspective shifting and problem solving; Changemaker as employability; Changemaker as social betterment; and Changemaker as personal transformation.Research limitations/implications– The outcome space of conceptions represents the beliefs of teaching staff at the University of Northampton. The approach to research and plans for the practical application of findings may be of direct benefit to other education providers as they develop their own models for teaching and learning.Practical implications– The findings from this study will inform the next phase of the project, which involves the development of a skills/attributes/behaviours matrix for social innovation education.Social implications– An initiative, such as Changemaker, works to enhance the capacities of university students to work as agents of positive social change. By building a research programme around this initiative, the findings from this work can be disseminated and used by other higher education institutions.Originality/value– The findings of this study will address the absence of literature on teachers’ conceptions of phenomena related to social innovation, social entrepreneurship and intrepreneurship. Understanding teachers’ beliefs of such phenomena is relevant to the growing number of universities that address these subjects in the curriculum.
The “by right” defence in village green registration
Authors: Pratt Natalie 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine the recent jurisprudence of the Supreme Court concerning the registration of land as a town or village green (TVG). This area of law has proved contentious over the past decade and shows no sign of relenting. Most recently, in April 2014, the Supreme Court was asked to determine whether use that is pursuant to a statutory right could be qualifying use for the purposes of village green registration, which requires 20 years use “as of right”.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper starts by summarising the law relating to the registration of land as a TVG and identifies the current problem that the courts are grappling with, namely the “by right” defence. After analysing the two leading authorities in relation to this point, the paper makes a judgment on the operation and conceptual underpinning of the “by right” defence.

Findings
– The paper concludes that the “by right” defence in the context of village green registration is a functioning concept that prevents the registration of land as a town and village green whenever the use relied upon is indulged in pursuant to a statutory right. Furthermore, the defence should also be construed with the pre-existing test for use “as of right” rather than being recognised as an additional limb to this test.

Originality/value
– The value of this paper is that it seeks to clarify an area of planning and property law that is fraught with conceptual uncertainty, and seeks to re-align the law of town and village greens with its prescriptive underpinnings.
Deciding on tax evasion – front line discretion and constraints
Authors: Boll Karen 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse everyday reasoning in public administration. This is done by focusing on front line tax inspectors’ decisions about tax evasion.Design/methodology/approach– The paper presents ethnography of bureaucracy and field audits. The material stems from fieldwork conducted in the Central Customs and Tax Administration.Findings– The paper shows that the tax inspectors reason about tax evasion in a casuistic manner. They pay attention to similar cases and to particular circumstances of the individual cases. In deciding on tax evasion, the inspectors do not just administer the laws; they also enact a policy of fair-mindedness. Doing this they are constrained by time and man-powers, but also enabled by various organizational devices.Research limitations/implications– The tax inspectors that the author followed were carefully chosen and acted in accordance with procedures. The ethnography should be understood in relation to this set-up.Originality/value– The originality of the paper is that it shows that ethnography can open the territory of everyday reasoning in public administration. Also, it shows the discretionary room that any front line tax inspector navigates in. This is significant as revenue collection often is described as formal and dominated by a legal steering in which rules are univocal.
SEC fines alternative mutual fund adviser for improper handling of fund assets
Authors: McGrath Michael , Man Pablo J. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– To explain that the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) brought and settled charges against an investment adviser to several alternative mutual funds alleging, among other charges, failure to comply with the custody requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

Design/methodology/approach
– To explain that the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) brought and settled charges against an investment adviser to several alternative mutual funds alleging, among other charges, failure to comply with the custody requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

Findings
– The enforcement action serves as an important reminder for the growing number of advisers of alternative mutual funds to be mindful of specific restrictions and obligations when managing registered funds that do not apply to private funds and separate accounts. This action shows that the SEC will bring charges even when the alleged violations do not result in harm to investors.

Practical implications
– The 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, and SEC staff guidance relating to alternative investment strategies are complicated and not intuitive. These standards can constrain a registered fund’s ability to employ options, futures, swaps, prime brokerage, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, enhanced leverage through securities lending, and other facilities. As the SEC continues to examine alternative mutual funds, advisers to these funds should remain cognizant of the obligations arising under the 1940 Act and the implementation of fund policies and procedures.

Originality/value
– Practical guidance from experienced financial services lawyers.
Integrated reporting in South Africa in 2012
Authors: Atkins Jill , Maroun Warren 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the initial reactions of the South African institutional investment community to the first sets of integrated reports being prepared by companies listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange. The research highlights a shift in attitude towards ESG and integrated reporting, initial views on the first sets of integrated reports and obstacles to the preparation of high-quality reports. The study also includes recommendations for preparers.Design/methodology/approach– Detailed interviews are carried out with 20 experts from the South African institutional investment industry. Interpretive thematic analysis is used to identify themes and principles and construct an initial assessment of the investors’ views on South African integrated reporting.Findings– The new reporting framework is seen as an improvement on the traditional annual report of South African listed companies. In general, there is more emphasis on non-financial measures and evidence of an effort to integrate financial and environmental, social and governance metrics to provide a better understanding of organisational sustainability. The length of reports, repetition and a check box approach to reporting does, however, detract from the usefulness of the reports and undermine the development of an integrated thinking ethos.Research limitations/implications– The study is limited to exploring the views of only a single group of stakeholders at one point in time. The reader’s attention is also drawn to the fact that the study was carried out before the International Integrated Reporting Council’s framework for integrated reporting was applied by South African preparers. Nevertheless, its interpretive style allows identification of challenges to effective integrated reporting.Originality/value– This paper is the first to examine the views of institutional investors and analysts on South African integrated reports. It makes an important contribution to the academic literature by adding to the limited body of research on integrated reporting and corporate governance in an African setting. The study is also important for practitioners seeking to improve the quality of their integrated reports and for academics wanting to understand the problems and possible strategies for addressing these.