bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical study of the career anchors that govern career decisions
Authors: R. Chapman Jared , L. Brown Bruce 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine two of Feldman and Bolino's proposals: career anchor plurality and career anchor relationships.

Design/methodology/approach
– A novel method for examining the relationships between career anchors called “indices of mutual presence” is developed for this study to generate meaningful results from ordinal and ipsative career anchor data.

Findings
– Evidence for some individuals having multiple career anchors was found. Complementary and exclusivity career anchor relationships are identified and a model for representing them is presented. The importance and possible benefit of understanding both an individual's preferred and “unpreferred” anchors is discussed. The non-reflexive nature of career anchors is explored and the idea of “mutually” exclusive career anchors is rejected. Weaknesses in the octagon shaped career anchor relationships diagram presented by Feldman and Bolino are discussed.

Research limitations/implications
– Despite the benefits associated with forced-choice assessments, some have expressed concern because of the nature of this type of evaluation. Each time an item is preferred, another item must be “unpreferred.” Thus, for one item to have a high preference count, some other item must necessarily have lower preference counts. The resulting data is ordinal rather than interval or ratio. It contains information regarding order of preference, but provides little insight into magnitude of preference. This makes it difficult to identify and examine how much more or less one individual prefers an item when compared to another individual.

Originality/value
– The second property of forced-choice data that raises concern is its ipsative nature. As respondents are constrained to unprefer an item each time the prefer one, the total preference counts remain the same for every individual. As a result, the preference scores for every individual will always sum to the same value. When data has this property, it is called ipsative. Ipsative data is not free to vary, and thus statistical methods which analyze variance may yield spurious results. Thus, traditional factorial statistical methods cannot be appropriately used with ipsative data (Baron, 1996; Bartram, 1996; Closs, 1996). It is commonly believed that researchers trade ease of use and accuracy for fewer available statistical tools when using forced-choice methods. However, this paper attempts to use “indices of mutual presence” developed for this study (described below) that do not rely on variance to generate meaningful results from ipsative career anchor data.
Ethics-related selection and reduced ethical conflict as drivers of positive work attitudes
Authors: Valentine Sean , Hollingworth David , Eidsness Bradley 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– There is reason to believe that an ethically minded approach to hiring and the development of an ethical context should be associated with incremental decreases in employees’ perceptions of ethical conflict. It is also likely that the selection of ethical employees, and the reduced ethical conflict that follows, are positively related to employees’ positive work attitudes. The purpose of this paper is to test these relationships.Design/methodology/approach– Using a self-report questionnaire, information was collected from 187 employees working for a medium-sized financial services organization with offices located primarily in the Midwestern USA.Findings– Results of structural equation modeling indicated that employees’ perceptions of ethics-related selection were negatively related to perceived ethical conflict, and that reduced ethical conflict and enhanced ethics-related selection were associated with an increased positive work attitude, which was comprised of job satisfaction, an intention to stay, and organizational commitment.Research limitations/implications– The results cannot prove causal association between the constructs, and the use of one focal firm limits generalizability.Practical implications– Organizational leaders and HR professionals should develop ethics-based hiring practices to reduce ethical conflict and strengthen a company's ethical context.Originality/value– This investigation is relevant because strong relationships among ethics-related hiring, ethical conflict, and positive work attitudes would suggest that companies must use ethical selection criteria and maintain an ethical culture/climate that meets or exceeds employees’ expectations about ethics. Furthermore, this study adds to the relatively few published works exploring the relationship between ethical conflict and work attitudes.
“Catching them young” – some reflections on the meaning of the age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales
Authors: Bateman Tim 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the tension between government protestations that youth justice policy is evidence-led and what the evidence implies in the context of the age of criminal responsibility.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper takes the form of a conceptual analysis of government policy and the evidence base.

Findings
– The paper concludes that the current low age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales can be understood as a manifestation of the influence of underclass theory on successive governments.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper is not based on primary research.

Practical implications
– The arguments adduced help to explain the reluctance of government to countenance any increase in the age of criminal responsibility.

Social implications
– The analysis might help inform approaches adopted by youth justice policy makers, practitioners and academics with an interest in seeking a rise in the age of criminal responsibility.

Originality/value
– The paper offers an original analysis of government intransigence on an important social issue.
Building strategic elements to increase contact lens sales
Authors: Toor Tajinder 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to build important strategic elements to penetrate deeper into the contact lens market and increase sales.

Design/methodology/approach
– The contact lens market is highly competitive and unattractive. Because contact lens market growth has slowed, competitors have become more alike. To survive or make more than normal profits, a contact lens manufacturer has to differentiate and compete on wider dimensions.

Findings
– In a complex, competitive and ever-changing vision care industry environment, a contact lens manufacturer must compete on wider dimensions to gain strategic advantage and increase sales.

Practical implications
– To survive, a contact lens manufacturer’s strategic game plan may not look simple and form wider strategic components.

Originality/value
– Provides a unique look at the contact lens market.
Managerial role in ensuring successful total quality management programme in Ghanaian printing firms
Authors: Kingsley Graham Nicholas , Dissou Arthur Yarhands , Peprah Mensah Duke 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– Most of the total quality management (TQM) programmes implemented in the printing industry fail to produce the intended benefit, because of the view that quality achievement is workers responsibility. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role management plays in the implementation of TQM programme in the Ghanaian printing firms.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study employed mixed method in gathering relevant data. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was given to 145 managers of registered members of Ghana Printers and Paper Converters Association, Southern Sector to assess the role management plays in TQM programme. Key informant interview was conducted among ten randomly selected production managers of printing firms to complement the survey data.

Findings
– The study finds out that organizational performance (OP) is not significantly influenced by the level of commitment of top management in a printing organization. Rather OP is greatly influenced and determined by leadership styles of management and the quality policy which guides printing operations.

Practical implications
– The Ghanaian printing industry can ensure better OP by considering the kind of leadership style exhibited in the firm and develop quality policy to guides printing operations and activities. No matter the level of commitment of organizational resources, if it is not back by a good leadership style and a quality policy, TQM initiative will not yield the intended result.

Originality/value
– The study presents managerial issues and practices critical for successful TQM programme in the Ghanaian printing industry.
A review of the importance of business process management in achieving sustainable competitive advantage
Authors: Nadarajah Devika , Latifah Syed Abdul Kadir Sharifah 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– In today's height of competition, business process management (BPM) is regarded as best practice management principle that can assist companies in sustaining competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to strengthen theory building of BPM in fostering sustainable competitive advantage based on dynamic capability theory.

Design/methodology/approach
– BPM owes its existence to total quality management (TQM) and business process reengineering and has gained importance as an enabler to coordinate the intricacies of the organisations. Past researches on BPM have been largely conceptual using case studies with scarce evidence for theory building.

Findings
– Based on the review of literature, the study of BPM can be studied based on dynamic capability theory.

Originality/value
– The outcome of this paper would add value to theory building for BPM.
Quality management benefits through the “soft” and “hard” aspect of TQM in food companies
Authors: Psomas Evangelos , Vouzas Fotis , Kafetzopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of the paper is to examine the binary character of total quality management (TQM) in food companies and to determine the impact of the two aspects of TQM – the “soft” and “hard” – on the quality management benefits.

Design/methodology/approach
– A research project was carried out in 90 Greek food companies, using the questionnaire method. Two measurement models have been formulated. The first model includes the TQM philosophical elements and quality tools/techniques, while the second model includes the quality management benefits. Exploratory factor analyses are applied to extract the latent factors. The factors that significantly influence the quality management benefits are determined through multiple linear regression analyses.

Findings
– The analysis of the models confirms the binary character of TQM (the “soft” and “hard” TQM elements) in food companies and the existence of internal and external quality management benefits. The “soft” TQM elements have a significant direct impact on quality improvement, employee benefits and customer satisfaction. However, the impact of the “hard” TQM elements on the above quality management benefits is not direct but indirect, through their significant correlation with the “soft” TQM elements. Finally, quality improvement is also a significant factor that directly influences employee benefits, customer satisfaction and business performance.

Research limitations/implications
– The small size of the sample of the responding food companies, the diversity of these companies and the subjective character of the data collected are limitations that suggest future research recommendations.

Practical implications
– Food companies should realize the leading role of the “soft” aspect of TQM and the supporting role of the “hard” aspect in maximizing the quality management benefits and as a consequence in withstanding the current economic downturn.

Originality/value
– Focusing on “quality-oriented” food companies that have ample experience in quality and food safety management systems, the present study reveals a significant direct impact of the “soft” TQM elements and an indirect impact of the “hard” TQM elements on the quality management benefits.
Robust process capability performance
Authors: Besseris George 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a set of process capability indices (PCIs) which are based on robust and agile statistics such that they may be applicable irrespective of the process status.

Design/methodology/approach
– The four popular PCIs – Cp, Cpk, Cpm and Cpmk – are reconstructed to improve location and dispersion predictions by introducing robust estimators such as the median and the interquartile range. The proposed PCIs are sequentially evaluated in partitioned regions where fluctuations are inspected to be not significant. The runs test playing the role of a detector permits marking those regions between two consecutive appearances of causes that disrupt data randomness. Wilcoxon's one-sample test is utilized to approximate PCI's central tendency and its confidence interval across all formed partitions.

Findings
– The Cpmk depicted the most conservative view of the process status when tracking the magnesium content in a showcased aluminum manufacturing paradigm. Cp and Cpk were benchmarked with controlled random data. It was found that the proposed set of robust PCIs are substantially less prone to false alarm in predicting non-conforming units in comparison to the regular PCIs.

Originality/value
– The recommended method for estimating PCIs is purely distribution-free and thus deployable at any process maturity level. The advantageous approach defends vigorously against the influence of intruding sources of unknown and unknowable variability. Therefore, the predicament here is to protect the monitoring indicators from unforeseen data instability and breakdown, which are conspicuous in wreaking havoc in managerial decisions.
Paths from leadership to upward influence
Authors: Luu Tuan 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– This inquest into consumer goods companies in Vietnam aims to examine if leadership influences corporate social responsibility (CSR) and emotional intelligence (EI), which in turn influences upward influence behavior. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Structural equation modeling approach contributed to the analysis of 406 responses returned from self-administered structured questionnaires sent to 690 middle level managers.Findings– From the findings emerged a model of upward influence behavior and its antecedents such as leadership, CSR, and EI. Transformational leadership, ethical CSR, and high level of EI were found to nurture organizationally beneficial upward influence tactics.Originality/value– Through the findings of the study, the insight into the leadership-based model of upward influence behavior underscores the role of transformational leadership style, ethical CSR, as well as team EI in the cultivation of organizationally beneficial upward influence tactics in consumer goods companies in Vietnam business context.
Institutional framing and entrepreneurship capital in Uganda
Authors: Mpeera Ntayi Joseph , Mutebi Henry , Byangwa Kenneth , Georgina Kamanyi Susan 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide policy and managerial implications required in solving the daunting problem of the existing low-entrepreneurial capital in Uganda.Design/methodology/approach– A large-scale comprehensive survey using a sample of 11,105 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from 40 high-growth towns was selected and undertaken from five regions of Uganda. The response rate was 40.5 per cent, translating into 4,498 usable questionnaires.Findings– Results reveal that institutional framing, entrepreneurship human capital and entrepreneurial moral values predict entrepreneurship capital in Uganda. These results are presented and discussed in detail in this paper.Research limitations/implications– The study applied a cross-sectional approach to study behaviour, yet studying behaviour requires time. Therefore, there is need for scholars to undertake a follow up study to test the hypotheses using longitudinal data.Practical implications– The paper provides implications for the review and development of supporting institutional frames for entrepreneurship, promoting generalized forms of human capital and entrepreneurial ethics moral values.Originality/value– The motivation for the study is derived from the observation that the legal and regulatory framework in Uganda is biased against SMEs. This is manifested in the high-regulatory burden of registering and running enterprises in Uganda. For example, the cost of registering a business in Uganda is high. Legal proceedings in Uganda are inefficient, complex and costly only favouring firms with resources and connections. This may restrict enterprise development and increase the costs of running businesses, distort human capital and entrepreneurial moral values thereby affecting entrepreneurship capital.
Examining the influence of social capital on rural women entrepreneurship
Authors: Nasrolahi Vosta Leila , Reza Jalilvand Mohammad 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the empirical assessment of the influence of social capital on women entrepreneurship in rural regions in Iran.Design/methodology/approach– The study involves a questionnaire-based survey of entrepreneurial women from a number of rural regions in the Iran. A total of 265 usable questionnaires were received from rural women who were engaged in entrepreneurial activities from five rural regions. These were subjected to a series of correlational and regression analyses. The measures of the independent (the components of social capital) and dependent (the psychological traits of entrepreneurs) variables are based on literature.Findings– The results reveal that social capital has a positive and significant influence on rural women entrepreneurship. With strong statistical significance, three social capital factors – structural, relational, and cognitive – provide an explanation for variations in psychological traits of entrepreneurs including achievement, innovation, personal control, self-esteem, opportunism, autonomy/independence, and risk/uncertainty.Originality/value– Although the literature has long pointed out the importance of social capital as a determinant of entrepreneurship activity, entrepreneurship researchers have not focussed on the influence of each dimension of social capital on psychological traits of entrepreneurs. Thus, this study makes a contribution toward filling this gap.
Are Moroccan job seekers different than job creators? An exploratory study of differences in entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs
Authors: Hassi Abderrahman , Storti Giovanna 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine differences between Moroccan entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs in order to circumvent the nature and origin of their differences.Design/methodology/approach– This research was carried out in Morocco with a sample of 20 entrepreneurs identified as individuals who have been operating their own business or who have unsuccessfully started a small business, and a contrast sample of 20 non-entrepreneurs, classified as career professionals working for other organizations such as the public service and/or the private sector who wanted to start their own business but failed in doing so. The study methodology adopted a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews due to the exploratory nature of the subject. The in-depth interviews were analyzed using the grounded theory approach (Glaser and Strauss, 1999).Findings– The findings highlight that there are no differences between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs in terms of personality traits and characteristics. The interviewees emphasize the importance of financial resources, business networks and connections as vital factors in the decision to start a venture.Research limitations/implications– In terms of implications of the current research, understanding the determinants of entrepreneurship in Morocco is of considerable theoretical and practical value, especially given that there is no research that looks into this issue in the Moroccan context.Practical implications– Concerning practical implications, by identifying reasons why Moroccan young graduates, by large, show a weak entrepreneurial spirit and would rather be job seekers than potential job creators, adequate measures need to be put in place with aspirations that they will encourage the creation of more start-up businesses.Originality/value– Studies that compared entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs are far from being consistent. Moreover, the current research is the first study that looked into differences between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs in Morocco.
Movement propensity and ability correlate with ecological specialization in European land snails: comparative analysis of a dispersal syndrome
Authors: Dahirel Maxime , Olivier Eric , Guiller Annie , Martin Marie‐Claire , Madec Luc , Ansart Armelle 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Intra‐ and interspecific differences in movement behaviour play an important role in the ecology and evolution of animals, particularly in fragmented landscapes. As a consequence of rarer and generally more fragmented habitat, and because dispersal tends to disrupt benefits brought by local adaptation, theory predicts that mobility and dispersal should be counter‐selected in specialists.

Using experimental data and phylogenetic comparative tools, we analysed movement propensity and capacity, as well as dispersal‐related phenotypic traits, in controlled conditions in 20 species of European land snails from the Helicoidea superfamily. Costs of movement in terrestrial gastropods are among the highest in animals, which make them a potentially powerful model to test these predictions.

Habitat specialists were indeed less likely to cross a boundary between a familiar and an unfamiliar substrate than generalists. They also had smaller feet, after accounting for size. Furthermore, exploring specialists were slower than generalists and had more tortuous trajectories, leading them to stay closer to the familiar patch. Movement traits were generally evolutionary labile, but some were constrained by body size, a phylogenetically conserved trait.

High specialization and low‐dispersal ability are two traits often considered to increase species vulnerability to fragmentation, climate changes and extinction. This study confirms they should not be considered separately, due to their integration in a dispersal syndrome. Therefore, specialist species face double penalty under habitat loss and other environmental changes, making them more vulnerable to extinction and contributing to the biotic homogenization of communities.
A New Method to Pair‐match Metacarpals Using Bilateral Asymmetry and Shape Analysis
Authors: Garrido‐Varas Claudia , Rathnasinghe Raveen , Thompson Tim , Savriama Yoland 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMatching pairs of skeletal elements is of fundamental importance when re‐associating skeletons from commingled settings. This study presents a new method that combines the use of traditional anthropometric size measurements and the analysis of shape, through geometric morphometrics, to form pairs from commingled settings. We tested the hypothesis that shape asymmetry among individuals is smaller than between individuals that share similar dimensions. The metacarpals were measured in their maximum length, and absolute means of asymmetry between right and left metacarpals were calculated. To analyze the shape characteristics, two‐dimensional landmarks were recorded from digital images of 111 metacarpals. The specimens were analyzed using generalized Procrustes analysis and multivariate statistics. The accuracy of pair‐matching bones using a combined method was of 100%, showing that the incorporation of geometric morphometrics techniques—in the assessment of shape in physical anthropology—is of particular use when comparing the shape differences/similarities between individuals.