bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Four Lining Materials in Sandwich Technique to Reduce Microleakage in Class II Composite Resin Restorations
Authors: Moazzami SM , Sarabi N , Hajizadeh H , Majidinia S , Li Y , Meharry MR , Shahrokh H 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARY

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of four different sandwich techniques on gingival microleakage of Class II direct composite resin restorations.

Materials and Methods
Fifty sound human premolars were selected and randomly divided into five groups (n=10). Class II box only cavities were prepared in one of the proximal surfaces of each tooth with a gingival margin located approximately 0.5 mm below the cemento-enamel junction. Group A (control) was restored incrementally with composite resin (Tetric Ceram). Groups B, C, D, and E were restored with the sandwich technique using a compomer (Compoglass F), flowable composite resin (Tetric Flow), self-cure composite resin (Degufill SC), or resin modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC), respectively. After thermal-load cycling, the specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuschin for 24 hours. Dye penetration (10−1 mm) was detected using a sectioning technique. Data were analyzed with repeated measurements and Duncan test at α=0.05.

Results
The least amount of microleakage was detected in the incremental group (1.28 ± 0.98). The sandwich technique using resin modified glass ionomer (7.99 ± 9.57) or compomer (4.36 ± 1.78) resulted in significantly more leakage than did the sandwich technique using flowable (1.50 ± 1.97) or self-cure composite (2.26 ± 1.52).

Conclusion
According to the results of this study, none of the four sandwich technique composite resin restorations used in this study could reduce gingival microleakage to a greater degree than the incremental technique.
Bioadhesive vaginal tablets containing spray dried microspheres loaded with clotrimazole for treatment of vaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Gupta Naresh Vishal , Natasha Shirodker , Getyala Anil , Bhat Ramnath Sudeendra 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate novel bioadhesive vaginal tablets containing clotrimazole loaded microspheres in order to provide long-term therapeutic activity at the site of infection. Tablets were prepared by incorporating drug loaded microspheres and using bioadhesive polymers hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and Carbopol. Microspheres were prepared by the spray drying technique using Eudragit RS-100 and Eudragit RL-100. Microspheres were characterized by SEM, DSC, FTIR, particle size analysis and evaluated for percentage yield, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release. To achieve bioadhesion to the mucosal tissue, optimized microspheres were incorporated into bioadhesive tablets and were evaluated for in vitro drug release, in vitro and in vivo mucoadhesion. FTIR and DSC studies showed that no chemical interaction occurred between the drug and polymers. The sphericity factor indicated that the prepared microspheres were spherical. Formulation Mt6 indicated a controlled in vitro drug release and good bioadhesive strength. The in vivo images confirmed the bioadhesion and retention property of tablets up to 24 h. The results indicated that this drug delivery system can be explored for controlled intravaginal drug release.
Identity in adolescence and emerging adulthood: relationships with emotional and educational factors
Authors: Piotrowski Konrad 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In the processual approach to identity, the role of the interaction between subjective and contextual factors in the process of its development is emphasized. Based on the model of Luyckx et al. (2008) relationships between identity and educational context, as well as the tendency to experience shame and guilt were analyzed.. 821 people aged from 14-25 and belonging to six educational groups: (1) lower secondary school, (2) basic vocational school, (3) technical upper secondary school, (4) general upper secondary school, (5) post-secondary school (medical rescue, massage therapy, cosmetology, occupational therapy) and (6) university, took part in the research. Two questionnaires were used: The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS), to allow the measurement of the five dimensions of identity postulated by Luyckx et al (2008) and The Personal Feelings Questionnaire-2 (PFQ-2, Harder, Zalma, 1990) to measure of the shame and guilt proneness. The results show that general upper secondary school students in terms of the dimensions of identity are closer to lower secondary school students rather than to their peers from technical and vocational schools. Among general upper secondary school students not only was a higher intensity of an identity crisis observed, but also a strong tendency to experience shame and guilt. Among lower secondary school students and general upper secondary school students, people with diffusion and moratorium as identity statuses prevailed, while in the remaining groups the achievement and foreclosure identity were observed more frequently. A general relationship was also observed, namely, a greater tendency to experience shame was associated with a higher intensity of an identity crisis.
Hysteresis curves and loops for harmonic and impulse perturbations in some non-equilibrium gases
Authors: Perelomova Anna 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Evolution of sound in a relaxing gas whose properties vary in the course of wave propagation, is studied. A relaxing medium may reveal normal acoustic properties or be acoustically active. In the first case, losses in acoustic energy lead to an increase in internal energy of a gas similarly as it happens in Newtonian fluids. In the second case, acoustic energy increases in the course of sound propagation, and the internal energy of a medium decreases. Variations in the internal energy of a gas are proportional to some generic parameter, the sign of which is responsible for acoustical activity, and depends on intensity and shape of the sound waveform. Hysteresis curves in the plane of thermodynamic states are plotted. Curves for harmonic and several aperiodic sound impulses are plotted, discussed and compared.
Self-assessment questionnaire for family doctors’ assessment of quality improvement competencies: a cross-cultural adaptation in Slovenia
Authors: Klemenc-Ketiš Zalika , Kuhar Primož , Kersnik Janko , Burazeri Genc , Czabanowska Katarzyna 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Aim: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Quality Improvement Competency Self Assessment (QICS) questionnaire for family physicians into the Slovenian language and to validate it in a representative sample of Slovenian FPs.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational postal survey was conducted in a random sample of 398 Slovenian FPs. We used the QICS questionnaire that was developed on the basis of the new Quality Improvement Competency Framework for family medicine. The QICS questionnaire consists of 37 items included in six domains. The questions can be answered on a five-point Likert scale. The validity of the translation was provided by the backward translation from Slovenian to the English language and by the reference group consisting of experienced FPs in the consensus process. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Spearman rho to determine the test-retest reliability (the questionnaire was sent to the physicians in the sample twice in a period of two weeks).
Results: The final sample consisted of 100 (25.1%) family physicians, out of which 71 (71.0%) were women. Mean age of the sample was 43.3 ± 9.6 years. Mean score of the QICS questionnaire was 127.0 ± 30.1 points (first round) and 127.8 ± 30.6 points (second round). Cronbach’s alpha scores were 0.984 (first round) and 0.988 (second round). Spearman’s rho for the summary score of the whole scale was 0.829 with p < 0.001.
Conclusion: The Slovenian version of the QICS questionnaire proved to be a valid and reliable tool for selfassessment of quality improvement competencies by FPs in terms of continuous professional development.
Impact of air pollution with PM10 on primary health care consultations for respiratory diseases in children in Zasavje, Slovenia: a time-trend study
Authors: Kukec Andreja , Erzen Ivan , Farkas Jerneja , Kragelj Lijana Zaletel 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Aim: The aim of our study was to assess the temporal association between the number of consultations in the primary health care unit due to respiratory diseases in children and the level of particular matter of 10 micrometres in diameter (PM10) pollution in the Zasavje region.
Methods: A time-trend ecological study was carried out for the period between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2011. The daily number of first consultations for respiratory diseases among children in the Zasavje region was observed as the outcome. Poisson regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the observed outcome and the daily PM10 concentrations, adjusted to other covariates.
Results: The results showed that the daily number of first consultations were highly significantly associated with the daily concentrations of PM10 in the Zagorje (p<0.001) and Trbovlje (p<0.001) municipalities. In the Hrastnik municipality, a significant association was not observed in all models.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that evidence of association between the daily PM10 concentration and the daily number of first consultations for respiratory diseases among children exists, indicating that there is still a need for public health activities in the sense of reduction of harmful environmental factors in the region. Additionally, on the basis of these results, it can be assumed that with some improvements linkage of existing health and environmental data in Slovenia in general could be feasible in identifying a grounded need for future public health action.
Lightning-Caused and Human-Induced Forest Fires as Evidenced By Pteridium Spores in Selected Quaternary Records from Poland
Authors: Bińka Krzysztof , Nitychoruk Jerzy 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The occurrence of Pteridium spores - the common fire-adapted plant - was observed in Poland’s Pleistocene (three interglacials and numerous interstadials) and Holocene pollen sequences. Until the onset of the middle Holocene, bracken was recorded relatively rarely. This marks climatic conditions with sporadic wildfires, followed by quick re- moval of the clones (or maintenance of the clones in a suppressed state) in the subsequent, post fire successional stages. In each interglacial we can also identify short periods (most often synchronous) of somewhat higher frequency of Pteridium, indicating a possible increase in natural fires as an effect of stormy conditions. These short periods are placed mainly within phases dominated by coniferous woodlands. The very high content of bracken found from a reanalysis of the long Saalian sequence at Ossówka as three regular culminations just above three non-tree phases, eastern Poland is the unique exception. To explain this we found the close modem analogue of the above phenomenon in the Alaskan region, at the boundary between the tundra and the boreal zone where in a very narrow forest zone, especially with the continental signature, lightning-initiated fires are very frequent (the edge effect). Pleistocene records of bracken during forest periods might indicate that thunderstorms and lightning strikes were responsible for its higher content. This is not to exclude the possibility that interglacial fires were set by Palaeolithic humans. However, it is more likely that the wildfires were utilized and to some extent controlled, especially at Ossówka, where the palaeolake existed for a long time after the interglacial; and this surely attracted the attention of game and humans. Our investigations show that rare, more abundant Pteridium in the Pleistocene sequences can be traced throughout the corresponding periods even at distant sites. This might be indirect evidence of a climatic pattern that promote stormy conditions and fires at that time. In the Holocene, different factors seem to be responsible for the long-term dynamics in Pteridium clones. Both in Poland and in adjacent areas bracken peaked in the middle Holocene from 8000 to 5000 BP, when this territory was occupied by deciduous woodlands. There is agreement that this is due to burning of forests by the hunter-gatherer societies of the Late Mesolithic. However, in spite of increased clearings in the subsequent phases bracken substantially decreased in abundance. This means first of all that fires rather than clearings were responsible for the rise in Pteridium spores in the Holocene pollen sequences.
Laser treatment for post acne scars– A review
Authors: Keyal U , Huang X , Bhatta AK 
Published: October 2013

Background: For years, there was no successful treatment for acne scars. Now, things have changed. With the development of new technologies, those suffering from acne scarring have multiple options to improve the tone and texture of the skin. Laser treatments, including ablative and non ablative laser skin resurfacing are among available treatment options. Methods: The aim of writing this paper is to review information about acne scarring, as well as potential treatments by laser. The paper will first concentrate on introduction and classification of acne scarring, then go on to treatment modalities specifically by laser. This paper will also focus on post treatment recovery time, side effects and methods to prevent and treat those side effects. Conclusion: Ultimate goal of any intervention in acne scarring is not total cure or perfection; rather it is making scars less visible. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 165-170 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8970
MR imaging of carcinoma cervix
Authors: Mahajan Mangal , Kuber Rajesh , Chaudhari K , Chaudhari Prashant , Ghadage Pravin , Naik Rushikesh 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy and a frequent cause of death. Patient outcome depends on tumor stage, size, nodal status, and histological grade. Correct tumor staging is important to decide the the treatment strategy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is accepted as a preferred imaging modality to assess the prognostic factors.
Call-Fleming syndrome
Authors: Skandhan Avni Kalangott Padmanabhan , Ramakrishnan Kollengode Gopalakrishnan , Anand Rajeev 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCall-Fleming syndrome is a part of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) group and is thought to be of idiopathic origin. It is classically described to be having multisegmental, focal vasospasms in the cerebral arteries. It is characterized clinically by the sudden onset of severe headache, classically described as thunderclap headache, with or without associated neurological deficits. The importance of it lies in that it is a potentially reversible cause of this clinical presentation, unlike its other counterparts, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or vasculitis.
Cavernous hemangioma located at the foramen of Monro: Radiopathological correlation
Authors: Bhatia Sonia , Kapoor Abhay K , Gupta Rajiv , Sahni Tushar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntraventricular cavernous hemangiomas are rare. Amongst them, cavernomas located at the foramen of Monro are of greater interest because of their rare location, varied symptoms, and often association with hydrocephalus. We present a rare case of cavernous hemangioma located at foramen of Monro, with its radiopathological confirmation.
Herniation of spinal cord into nerve root avulsion pseudomeningocele: A rare cause of delayed progressive neurological deficit
Authors: Moses Justin Edmund , Bansal Sanjay Kumar , Goyal Deepak 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe present a patient with old traumatic right brachial plexus injury, who developed progressive neurological deterioration 4 years after the initial injury. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), herniation of the upper dorsal cord was noted into a post-traumatic pseudomeningocele. Though the herniation of cord into a post-traumatic pseudomeningocele is very rare, it should be suspected in cases of delayed progressive myelopathy. A three dimensional (3-D) T2-weighted sequence such as Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolution (SPACE) or constructive interference in steady state (CISS) provides optimal visualization of the herniated cord and helps in surgical planning.
Rare complications of cesarean scar
Authors: Mahajan Divyesh , Kang Mandeep , Sandhu Manavjit Singh , Jain Vanita , Kalra Naveen , Khandelwal Niranjan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) and cesarean scar dehiscence (CSD) are the most dreaded complications of cesarean scar (CS). As the incidence of CS is increasing worldwide, so is the incidence of CSP, especially in cases with assisted reproduction techniques. It is of utmost importance to diagnose CSP in the early first trimester, as it can lead to myometrial rupture with fatal outcome. On the other hand, CSD may be encountered during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. CSD in the postpartum period is very rare and can cause secondary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) leading to increased maternal morbidity or even death if not diagnosed and managed promptly. Both complications can be diagnosed on ultrasonography (USG) and confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These two conditions carry high morbidity and mortality. In this article, we highlight the role of imaging in the early diagnosis and management of these conditions.
Acute traumatic orbital encephalocele: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Jaiswal Manish , Sundar I. Vijay , Gandhi Ashok , Purohit Devendra , Mittal R. S. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTOrbital roof fractures after a blunt injury are an uncommon complication of trauma. Traumatic encephaloceles in the orbital cavity are even rarer, with only 15 cases published till date. Raised intraorbital pressure leading to irreversible damage to the optic nerve can be prevented by early diagnosis and management. Orbital computed tomography (CT) with thin axial and coronal sections is helpful in trauma patients with a concurrent orbital trauma. Decompression of the orbital roof is the key step in surgical treatment and should be performed in every case. Repairing the orbital roof has to be performed to avoid transmission of variation in the intracranial pressure to the orbit. We present a case of traumatic orbital encephalocele who underwent surgical treatment via a frontobasal approach with evacuation of the contused herniated brain and reconstruction of the orbital roof using temporalis fascia which is readily available in contrast to costly materials like titanium mesh, screws, bone powder, fibrin glue, and so on, which are not easily available in every hospital. Rapid resolution of proptosis and visual symptoms along with excellent cosmetic outcome was seen at follow‑ups after three and nine months. We emphasize the early diagnosis of this rare condition and also emergency treatment to prevent permanent visual loss as well as to achieve good cosmetic results.
Nursing students’ attitude towards suicide attempters: A study from rural part of Northern India
Authors: Nebhinani Mamta , Nebhinani Naresh , Tamphasana T. , Gaikwad Achla D. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Context: Majority of health professionals have unfavorable attitudes towards patients presenting with self‑harm, which further compromises their willingness and outcome of care. Aims: To assess the nursing students’ attitudes toward suicide attempters. Settings and Design: Cross‑sectional study was conducted in two nursing colleges of north India. Material and Methods: Three hundred and eight nursing students were recruited through total enumeration method from May to June 2012. ‘Suicide opinion questionnaire’ was administered to assess their attitudes towards suicide attempters. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics was employed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 14.0 for Windows. Results: Majority were single females, from urban locality, with the mean age of 20 years. Only minority had previous exposure to suicide prevention programs and management of such cases. Majority of students agreed for mental illness, disturbed family life, and depression as major push to attempt suicide. They held favorable attitude for half of the attitudinal statement, but they were uncertain for rest half of the statements. Conclusions: They generally had favorable attitude towards suicide attempters. Their uncertain response highlights the need for enhancing educational exposure of nursing students and new staff at the earliest opportunity, to carve their favorable attitude towards patients presenting with self‑harm.
The first step in Data Analysis: Transcribing and managing qualitative research data
Authors: Stuckey Heather 
Published: October 2013

AbstractResearchers need to take data from the spoken text (structured, unstructured, or narrative interviews) to written form for analysis. Typically this is handled through deidentifying the participants and transcribing the data, and is considered the first step in analysis. The accuracy of the transcription plays a role in determining the accuracy of the data that are analyzed and with what degree of dependability. Analysis begins after reviewing the first interview to examine whether participants are responding to the research question related to your area of interest in diabetes, or whether your interview guide needs refining. As each interview is completed, the researcher examines its content to determine what has been learned and what still needs to be discovered or needs elaboration. Moving from raw interviews to evidence-based interpretations requires preparing transcripts so they will be ready to code. Before moving directing to analysis (or coding), it is important to recognize the task of handling the qualitative research data during and after the interview. This paper describes the process of transcription and handling the qualitative data related to diabetes research.