bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical localization of the motor entry point in the thyroarytenoid muscle
Authors: Kim Soo Yeon , Song Dae Heon , Chung Myung Eun 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to localize the motor entry point (MEP) of the thyroarytenoid muscle. Methods: Eight cadaver larynges were dissected. A virtual plane was used to represent the MEP in a coordinate (X/Y/Z) system. The inferior border of the thyroid cartilage was linked to the center of the anterior arc of the cricoid cartilage (the Y‐axis). The X‐axis was set perpendicular to the Y‐axis; the Z‐axis passed through the posterior border of the thyroid lamina from the height of the insertion point. Results: The mean X, Y, and Z coordinates were 6.2 mm, 9.1 mm, and 11.0 mm, respectively. The calculated angles of the lateral and superior deflections were 29.4° and 35.8°, respectively. The calculated insertion depth, that is, the distance from the insertion point to the MEP, was 15.6 mm. Conclusions: These results may help to improve the accuracy of needle insertion during diagnostic laryngeal electromyography or laryngeal electromyography‐guided injections. Muscle Nerve 51: 72–75, 2015
Consistent element‐free Galerkin method
Authors: Duan Qinglin , Gao Xin , Wang Bingbing , Li Xikui , Zhang Hongwu , Belytschko Ted , Shao Yulong 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYAn element‐free Galerkin (EFG) method with linear, quadratic and cubic approximations, which can exactly, in a numerical sense, pass the corresponding patch tests is proposed and is named as consistent EFG (CEFG) method. The development of this method is based on the Hu–Washizu three‐field variational principle. Numerical integration schemes with corrected nodal derivatives at quadrature points are proposed according to the satisfaction of the orthogonality condition between stress and strain difference. Thus, the method is variationally consistent. The consistency of the corrected nodal derivatives and the satisfaction of patch test conditions are theoretically proved and also numerically validated. Numerical results show that the proposed CEFG method greatly improves the numerical performance of the EFG method in terms of accuracy, convergence, efficiency and stability, especially the proposed cubic CEFG method, which shows exceptional accuracy and convergence. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cell‐based smoothed discrete shear gap method (CS‐FEM‐DSG3) based on the C0‐type higher‐order shear deformation theory for dynamic responses of Mindlin plates on viscoelastic foundations subjected to a moving sprung vehicle
Authors: Phung‐Van P. , Luong‐Van H. , Nguyen‐Thoi T. , Nguyen‐Xuan H. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYA cell‐based smoothed discrete shear gap method (CS‐FEM‐DSG3) based on the first‐order shear deformation theory (FSDT) was recently proposed for static and dynamic analyses of Mindlin plates. In this paper, the CS‐FEM‐DSG3 is extended to the C0‐type higher‐order shear deformation plate theory (C0‐HSDT) and is incorporated with damping–spring systems for dynamic responses of Mindlin plates on viscoelastic foundations subjected to a moving sprung vehicle. At each time step of dynamic analysis, one four‐step procedure is performed including the following: (1) transformation of the weight of a four‐wheel vehicle into the sprung masses at wheels; (2) dynamic analysis of the sprung mass of wheels to determine the contact forces; (3) transformation of the contact forces into loads at nodes of plate elements; and (4) dynamic analysis of the plate elements on viscoelastic foundations. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed method are verified by comparing its numerical solutions with those of other available numerical results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of body mass index, metabolic health and weight change on incident diabetes in a Korean population
Authors: Jung Hyun‐Suk , Chang Yoosoo , Eun Yun Kyung , Kim Chan‐Won , Choi Eun‐Suk , Kwon Min‐Jung , Cho Juhee , Zhang Yiyi , Rampal Sanjay , Zhao Di , Soo Kim Hyun , Shin Hocheol , Guallar Eliseo , Ryu Seungho 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine an impact of body mass index (BMI) and weight change on the risk of diabetes according to metabolic health status.MethodsCohort study of 34,999 Korean men and women 30‐59 years of age free of diabetes at baseline were followed‐up annually or biennially for an average of 5.1 years. Being metabolically healthy was defined as not having any metabolic syndrome component.ResultsDuring 176,878.6 person‐years of follow‐up, 889 participants developed diabetes (incidence rate 5.0 per 1000 person‐years). Compared to metabolically healthy normal‐weight individuals, the adjusted hazard ratios for diabetes in metabolically unhealthy obese and in metabolically healthy obese were 13.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.8‐19.0) and 2.7 (95% CI: 1.7‐4.3), respectively. The aHR (95% CI) for incident diabetes for weight changes of <−0.9, 0.5 to 2.0, and ≥2.1 kg compared to a weight change of −0.9 to 0.4 kg (reference) were 0.80 (0.66‐0.97), 0.99 (0.82‐1.20), and 1.24 (1.02‐1.49), respectively (P‐trend<0.001).ConclusionsIn this large cohort of young and middle age Koreans, metabolic health status, obesity, and weight change were all independently associated with increased incidence of diabetes over 5 years of follow‐up.
Use of a Pharmacy Protocol to Convert Standard Rituximab Infusions to Rapid Infusion Shortens Outpatient Infusion Clinic Visits
Authors: Swan Joshua T. , Zaghloul Hanna A. , Cox James E. , Murillo Jose R. 
Published: April 2014

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a pharmacy protocol that converts standard rituximab infusions to a rapid 90‐minute infusion on the duration of outpatient infusion center clinic visits.DesignProspective interventional study.SettingOutpatient infusion clinic at an academic medical center.PatientsSixty‐four adults who received at least one rituximab infusion that was eligible for conversion to rapid infusion between August 2010 and July 2011 and who did not receive concurrent chemotherapy or colony‐stimulating agents during the same clinic visit. Of the 64 patients, 37 received the rapid infusion (intervention cohort); 27 received the nonrapid infusion (control cohort).InterventionUsing a hospital‐approved protocol, pharmacists converted rituximab infusions that met eligibility criteria (noninitial rituximab infusion, rituximab given in the previous 90 days, age 18 yrs or older, dose 375 mg/m2 or less per infusion, dose 1000 mg or less per infusion, and no history of a grade 3 or higher reaction) to a rapid 90‐minute infusion.Measurements and Main ResultsThe durations of rituximab infusion time and clinic visit time were evaluated and compared between the intervention cohort and the control cohort. Use of the pharmacy protocol to convert standard rituximab infusion to rapid rituximab infusion reduced infusion time by 110.5 minutes/infusion (median 94.5 min [interquartile range (IQR) 90–105 min] for rapid infusion vs 205 min [IQR 138–263 min] for nonrapid infusion; p<0.001) and reduced clinic visit time by 92 minutes/outpatient encounter (median 233 min [IQR 208–277] min for rapid infusion vs 325 min [IQR 275–415 min] for nonrapid infusion; p<0.001). This resulted in a reduction of the duration of outpatient clinic visits by an estimated 255–299 hours in 1 year.ConclusionUse of a pharmacist protocol that converted standard rituximab infusions to a rapid 90‐minute infusion decreased the duration of outpatient infusion clinic visits for rituximab infusion.
Positional effects on lung mechanics of ventilated preterm infants with acute and chronic lung disease
Authors: Vendettuoli V. , Veneroni C. , Zannin E. , Mercadante D. , Matassa P. , Pedotti A. , Colnaghi M. , Dellacà R. L. , Mosca F. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe role of prone position in preterm infants has not been completely clarified. We investigated prone versus supine posture‐related changes in respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) measured by the Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT) in mechanically ventilated preterm newborns.MethodsPatients were studied in the supine versus prone positions in random order. Oxygen saturation, transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (ptcO2), carbon dioxide (ptcCO2), Rrs and Xrs were measured in each position.ResultsNine patients with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and nine with evolving broncho‐pulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were studied. Rrs was, on average, 9.8 (1.3, 18.3 as 95%CI) cmH2O*s/l lower in the prone compared to the supine position (P = 0.02), while no differences in Xrs, ptcO2, ptcCO2, and breathing pattern were observed between postures. Only patients with evolving BPD showed a significant reduction of Rrs from 69.0 ± 27.4 to 53.0 ± 16.7 cmH2O*s/l, P = 0.01. No significant correlations were found between changes in lung mechanics and ptcO2, ptcCO2, or breathing pattern.ConclusionsOn short‐term basis, prone positioning does not offer significant advantages in lung mechanics in mechanically ventilated infants with RDS, while it is associated with lower Rrs values in patients with evolving BPD. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:798–804. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural and magnetic characterization of (Zn,Fe)Te thin films grown by MBE
Authors: Ishitsuka Satoshi , Domon Takeru , Akiyama Ryota , Kanazawa Ken , Kuroda Shinji , Ofuchi Hironori 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe investigate the structural and magnetic properties of Zn1–xFex Te with an aim of discerning the intrinsic magnetism of this ternary compounds. Thin films of Zn1–xFex Te with a high Fe composition up to x = 0.2 were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) in the excess of Te flux against Zn flux. The structural analyses using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements reveal that crystals of the pure diluted phase are grown at low Fe compositions less than x = 0.02, while precipitates of extrinsic phases start to be formed at higher Fe compositions. In the magnetization measurements, the films of x ≤ 0.02, which were confirmed to be of the pure diluted phase, exhibit paramagnetic behaviors down to 2 K. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of ZnSe‐based microcavities for lasing in the strong coupling regime and polariton confinement
Authors: Klein Thorsten , Klembt Sebastian , Sebald Kathrin , Figge Stephan , Gust Arne , Kruse Carsten , Hommel Detlef , Gutowski Jürgen , Durupt Emilien , Le Si Dang Daniel , Richard Maxime 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe report on the realization of monolithic, i.e. fully epitaxial ZnSe‐based microcavities with a 1λ‐cavity and a 3λ‐cavity for the investigation of strong coupling phenomena. A crucial building block is the fabrication of a lattice matched distributed Bragg reflector for the blue spectral region, consisting of quaternary ZnMgSSe layers as the high‐index material and a MgS/ZnCdSe superlattice as the low‐index material. Strong coupling at low temperatures was achieved with a vacuum Rabi splitting of 19 meV for the 1λ‐cavity (at 70K) and of 40 meV for the 3λ‐cavity (at 7 K).Microstructures such as micropillars, waveguides, ringresonators, and molecule chains were fabricated using focused ion‐beam etching. Discrete optical modes in micropillars were observed for both cavity lengths confirming three‐dimensional optical confinement. Q‐factors up to 6500 indicate a high optical quality. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reactive oxygen species in stoichiometric ceria: Bulk and low‐index surfaces
Authors: Kullgren Jolla , Hermansson Kersti , Broqvist Peter 
Published: April 2014

Abstractmagnified imageWe have calculated the stabilities of some reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stoichiometric bulk ceria and at the low‐index (111) and (110)‐surfaces, both in vacuum and in the presence of additional O2 molecules. We find that the formation of intrinsic ROS, here oxygen superoxides (O2–) and peroxides (O22–), is always endothermic at vacuum conditions and that the superoxide formation always leads to a higher formation energy than the peroxide formation. In the presence of additional O2 molecules, intrinsic peroxide formation becomes exothermic at the (110)‐surface in conjunction with the formation of extrinsic superoxide ions from adsorbed O2 molecules. This coexistence of intrinsic and extrinsic ROS species is anticipated to be stable at low temperatures, and can be important for understanding the ROS chemistry for nanoceria used in low‐temperature applications.magnified imageOxygen‐assisted reduction of the ceria(110) surface.(© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PD‐like controllers for delayed bilateral teleoperation of manipulators robots
Authors: Slawiñski Emanuel , Mut Vicente 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis paper proposes a compensated PD‐like controller for delayed bilateral teleoperation of a manipulator robot. The scheme has a PD‐like remote controller, a damping into the master, and a compensation strategy. The proposed compensation removes part of potential energy of the user's command depending on the difference between the situation on the remote site and the situation as perceived by the human operator. In addition, the stability of the delayed teleoperation system is analyzed, and a comparison based on experiments is carried out in order to analyze the advantages of using the proposed compensation. Finally, results of a bilateral teleoperation including the proposed control scheme, where the master and slave exchange information by using a low‐cost connection of mobile Internet, are shown. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards secure identity management for the smart grid
Authors: Baumeister Todd , Dong Yingfei 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe emerging smart grid incorporates modern information systems with traditional power delivery systems to achieve better control, efficiency, and reliability. However, it also brings potential cyber security risks into the essential power system. Therefore, we need a large‐scale framework to address the basic security issues such as identity management in the smart grid. While public key infrastructures (PKIs) have been developed for large‐scale distributed information systems, the existing PKI solutions cannot meet the unique requirements of the electrical power grid. In this paper, we first identify those unique requirements and discuss how the existing PKI trust models may be adapted to meet these requirements; we further evaluate the existing certificate revocation models; we then discuss various PKI adaptations for the smart grid. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isomerization of DADNBF – A DFT Treatment
Authors: Türker Lemi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study concentrates on the isomerization process of the explosive material 5,7‐diamino‐4,6‐dinitrobenzofuroxan (CL‐14). It has a benzofuroxan core, which is capable of isomerization via ring opening and closure reactions. To investigate the course of this process, some mechanisms are proposed and certain density functional calculations were carried out at the restricted levels of B3LYP using 6‐31G(d) and 6‐31G(d,p) basis sets. The stabilities and some other quantum chemical properties of the isomers were obtained. Additionally, the calculated IR and UV/Vis spectra of the structures are presented.
Hörmander Class of Pseudo-Differential Operators on Compact Lie Groups and Global Hypoellipticity
Authors: Ruzhansky Michael , Turunen Ville , Wirth Jens 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this paper we give several global characterisations of the Hörmander class

$$\Psi ^m(G)$$

Ψ
m

(
G
)

of pseudo-differential operators on compact Lie groups in terms of the representation theory of the group. The result is applied to give criteria for the ellipticity and the global hypoellipticity of pseudo-differential operators in terms of their matrix-valued full symbols. Several examples of the first and second order globally hypoelliptic differential operators are given, in particular of operators that are locally not invertible nor hypoelliptic but globally are. Where the global hypoelliptiticy fails, one can construct explicit examples based on the analysis of the global symbols.
Gain-of-function mutation in Gnao1: A murine model of epileptiform encephalopathy (EIEE17)?
Authors: Kehrl Jason M. , Sahaya Kinshuk , Dalton Hans M. , Charbeneau Raelene A. , Kohut Kevin T. , Gilbert Kristen , Pelz Madeline C. , Parent Jack , Neubig Richard R. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors strongly modulate neuronal excitability but there has been little evidence for G protein mechanisms in genetic epilepsies. Recently, four patients with epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE17) were found to have mutations in GNAO1, the most abundant G protein in brain, but the mechanism of this effect is not known. The GNAO1 gene product, Gαo, negatively regulates neurotransmitter release. Here, we report a dominant murine model of Gnao1-related seizures and sudden death. We introduced a genomic gain-of-function knock-in mutation (Gnao1
+/G184S) that prevents Go turnoff by Regulators of G protein signaling proteins. This results in rare seizures, strain-dependent death between 15 and 40 weeks of age, and a markedly increased frequency of interictal epileptiform discharges. Mutants on a C57BL/6J background also have faster sensitization to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling. Both premature lethality and PTZ kindling effects are suppressed in the 129SvJ mouse strain. We have mapped a 129S-derived modifier locus on Chromosome 17 (within the region 41–70 MB) as a Modifer of G protein Seizures (Mogs1). Our mouse model suggests a novel gain-of-function mechanism for the newly defined subset of epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE17). Furthermore, it reveals a new epilepsy susceptibility modifier Mogs1 with implications for the complex genetics of human epilepsy as well as sudden death in epilepsy.
Propionate represses the dnaA gene via the methylcitrate pathway-regulating transcription factor, PrpR, in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Masiewicz Paweł , Wolański Marcin , Brzostek Anna , Dziadek Jarosław , Zakrzewska-Czerwińska Jolanta 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
During infection of macrophages, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen that causes tuberculosis, utilizes fatty acids as a major carbon source. However, little is known about the coordination of the central carbon metabolism of M. tuberculosis with its chromosomal replication, particularly during infection. A recently characterized transcription factor called PrpR is known to directly regulate the genes involved in fatty acid catabolism by M. tuberculosis. Here, we report for the first time that PrpR also regulates the dnaA gene, which encodes the DnaA initiator protein responsible for initiating chromosomal replication. Using cell-free systems and intact cells, we demonstrated an interaction between PrpR and the dnaA promoter region. Moreover, real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis revealed that PrpR acts as a transcriptional repressor of dnaA when propionate (a product of odd-chain-length fatty acid catabolism) was used as the sole carbon source. We hypothesize that PrpR may be an important element of the complex regulatory system(s) required for tubercle bacilli to survive within macrophages, presumably coordinating the catabolism of host-derived fatty acids with chromosomal replication.
Entrainment and mixing in a laboratory model of oceanic overflow
Authors: Odier Philippe , Chen Jun , Ecke Robert E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe present experimental measurements of a wall-bounded gravity current, motivated by characterizing natural gravity currents such as oceanic overflows. We use particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence to simultaneously measure the velocity and density fields as they evolve downstream of the initial injection from a turbulent channel flow onto a plane inclined at$10^\circ $with respect to horizontal. The turbulence level of the input flow is controlled by injecting velocity fluctuations upstream of the output nozzle. The initial Reynolds number based on the Taylor microscale of the flow,$R_{\lambda }$, is varied between 40 and 120, and the effects of the initial turbulence level are assessed. The bulk Richardson number$\mathit{Ri}$for the flow is${\sim }$0.3 whereas the gradient Richardson number$\mathit{Ri}_g$varies between 0.04 and 0.25, indicating that shear dominates the stabilizing effect of stratification. Kelvin–Helmholtz instability results in vigorous vertical transport of mass and momentum. We present baseline characterization of standard turbulence quantities and calculate, in several different ways, the fluid entrainment coefficient$E$, a quantity of considerable interest in mixing parameterization for ocean circulation models. We also determine the properties of mixing as represented by the flux Richardson number$\mathit{Ri}_f$as a function of$\mathit{Ri}_g$and diapycnal mixing parameter$K_{\rho }$versus the buoyancy Reynolds number$\mathit{Re}_b$. We find reasonable agreement with results from natural flows.
Tunable fall velocity of a dense ball in oscillatory cross-sheared concentrated suspensions
Authors: Blanc Frédéric , Lemaire Elisabeth , Peters François 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe fall velocity of a dense large ball in a suspension of neutrally buoyant non-Brownian particles subjected to horizontal oscillatory shear is studied. As the strain amplitude is increased, the velocity increases up to a maximum value before decreasing to the value that it would have in a resting suspension. The higher the frequency is, the stronger the effect is. The falling ball velocity can be largely increased in the presence of the oscillatory cross-shear flow. For instance, for a particle volume fraction of$\varPhi =0.47$it reaches four times the value it has in the unsheared suspension. At small strain amplitudes, it turns out that the velocity of the falling ball is determined by a balance between the steady drag flow, which drives the apparent suspension viscosity toward a high value, and the oscillatory cross-shear, which lessens it. A simple model is proposed to explain the experimental observations at small strain amplitude. The velocity decrease observed at larger amplitude is not completely understood yet.
Moffatt vortices induced by the motion of a contact line
Authors: Kirkinis E. , Davis S. H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA recent hydrodynamic theory of liquid slippage on a solid substrate (Kirkinis & Davis, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 110, 2013, 234503) gives rise to a sequence of eddies (Moffatt vortices) that co-move with a moving contact line (CL) in a liquid wedge. The presence of these vortices is established through secular equations that depend on the dynamic contact angle $\alpha $ and capillary number Ca. The limiting case $\alpha \rightarrow 0$ is associated with the appearance of such vortices in a channel. The vortices are generated by the relative motion of the interfaces, which in turn is due to the motion of the CL. This effect has yet to be observed in experiment.
The Legal History of Public Land in Liberia
Authors: Stevens Caleb J 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article demonstrates that there has never been a clear definition of public land in Liberian legal history, although in the past the government operated as if all land that was not under private deed was public. By examining primary source materials found in archives in Liberia and the USA, the article traces the origins of public land in Liberia and its ambiguous development as a legal concept. It also discusses the ancillary issues of public land sale procedures and statutory prices. The conclusions reached have significant implications for the reform of Liberia's land sector.