bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existing Status and Practices of Fish Farming in Trishal Upazila of Mymensingh District
Authors: Sheheli S , Fatema K , Haque SM 
Published: August 2014

The study was conducted to investigate the existing status and practices of fish farming. A total of 100 farmers were interviewed by using a structured interview schedule from three villages (Porabari, Mathabari and Vabanipur) of Trishal upazila of Mymensingh district at their houses and/or farm sites during January to May 2013. Most of the farmers (89%) made profit from fish production. The study confirmed that most farmers have improved their socio-economic conditions through fish production which plays an important role in increasing income, food production and employment opportunities. Five major areas are identified to improve the existing fish farming situation, which are quality fry, credit facilities, low-cost quality feed, training, and marketing channel. The impact analysis of fish farming on livelihood of fish farmers shows that overall 64% fish farmers have increased overall livelihood from fish farming during the last four years (2010-2013). Access to micro-credit, provide good quality input such as fry, feed, vaccines, etc., market facilities, supply of improve technologies, and provide training all lead to increased fish production. The constraints index (CI) analysis shows that overall 74% fish farmers faced medium constraints for fish farming. A total of nine (9) main constraints identified hindering their fish farming, and major constraints are high production cost, lack of technical knowledge and inadequate supply of good quality fry etc.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19172 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 191 - 201, 2013
Growth and Yield of Wheat under Irrigation by Sugar Mills Wastewater
Authors: Kundu PK , Acharjee TK , Mojid MA 
Published: August 2014

The possibility of using sugar mills wastewater/effluent in irrigation was evaluated by investigating the effects of wastewater on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Prodip). The experiment was conducted at North Bengal Sugar Mill site in Natore during December 2011 to March 2012. Three irrigation treatments (I1: irrigation with fresh/tubewell water, I2: irrigation with a mixture of fresh and wastewater at 1:1 ratio and I3: irrigation with wastewater) under a main factor and three fertilizer treatments (F0: no application of fertilizer, F1: half dose fertilizer and F2: full dose fertilizer) under a sub factor were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications of the treatments. Wheat was grown with three irrigations totaling 14 cm applied at 4, 26 and 43 days after sowing (DAS). Important growth and yield data of the crop were recorded. The highest grain yield of 1.829 t/ha was obtained under mixed water irrigation and the lowest grain yield of 1.469 t/ha was obtained under wastewater irrigation. The three irrigation treatments, however, provided statistically similar (p = 0.05) grain yield. For the interaction between irrigation and fertilizers, mixed water irrigation and full dose fertilizer application (I2F2) provided significantly higher grain yield (2.757 t/ha) than all other treatment combinations. The second highest yield, produced under freshwater irrigation and full dose fertilizer (I1F2), was statistically similar to the yield under wastewater irrigation and full dose fertilizer (I3F2). Results of this experiment thus exposed good prospects of irrigating wheat by sugar mills wastewater.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19174 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 211 - 218, 2013
Surface-Runoff Characteristics under Simulated Rainfall Conditions
Authors: Das P , Mahmud K , Karmaker S 
Published: August 2014

This paper describes a rainfall-runoff simulation study, conducted in a laboratory to investigate surface runoff characteristics, verify unit hydrograph assumption and investigate the nature of the recession constant. A hydrology bench consisting of a metallic tray with an over head sprinkler system was used for this study. The metallic tray with soil bed and a river network acted as a small catchment. The over head sprinkler system consisting of spray nozzles acted as rainfall simulator. Different rainfall intensities and durations were taken as the treatments for the experiments. Surface runoff volume was collected at 10 secondly pulses of time in each experiment. Collected data were then processed and analyzed to explain the results. Unit hydrographs were developed from the surface runoff hydrographs for different rainfall durations and intensities. Recession constant K was calculated from the recession limb of each surface runoff hydrograph by optimization. Investigations show that runoff volume, runoff generation rate and peak runoff rate increase with the increasing rainfall duration. However, the peak runoff rate per sec of effective rainfall decreases with the increasing rainfall duration. There is also an evidence of the effects of rainfall intensity on runoff characteristics but no specific trend is identified. This study also reveals that the assumption of linearity between runoff volume and hydrograph ordinates is partially valid with some error which may be attributed to the non-uniform distributions of rainfall. Nature of recession constant suggests that the recession hydrograph is not only a function of catchment characteristics but also depends on rainfall intensities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19175 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 219 - 227, 2013
Food Security Condition of Landless People in a Char Area of Rangpur District
Authors: Shahiduzzaman M , Rahman MZ , Hoque MJ , Arefin MS 
Published: August 2014

The study was conducted to investigate the food security condition of households of landless char people at Purba Isli village of Lakshmitary union, Gangachara Upazila of Rangpur District. Data were collected from a random sample of 80 where the total landless char people were 400. A structured interview schedule was used for collecting data during April to May 2012. Food security condition of households of landless char people was measured on the basis of their per capita calorie consumption per day. Coefficient of correlation (r) was computed to explore relationship of the respondents selected characteristics and their food security condition. More than half (57.5 per cent) of the households were food secure and energy intake was 2122 kcal/person/day. On the other hand, 21.3 per cent household were food insecure and consumed between 1805 and 2121 kcal/person/ day and 21.3 per cent households were found severely food insecure and calorie intake was less than 1805 kcal/person/day. Thus, it can be concluded that nearly half of the landless char people were food insecure. Landless char peoples year of schooling, landlessness category, annual household income, training experience, and credit received, extension media contact, involvement in NGO, perceived strategies to cope with food insecurity and perception of organizational food insecurity mitigation initiatives had significant positive relationship with their household food security condition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19180 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 281 - 289, 2013
Competency Assessment of the Farmers on the Application of One House One Farm Approach
Authors: Islam I , Hoque MJ , Miah MAM , Sheheli S 
Published: August 2014

The purposes of the study were to determine the extent of competency of the farmers on the application of One House One farm approach and to find out the relationships between the extent of competency of the farmers and their selected characteristics. Data were collected from 100 randomly selected farmers (out of 700) from two unions of Mymensingh Sadar Upazila. A pre-tested and structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the farmers during the period of 18 March to 01 April 2013. The extent of competency of the farmers on the application of One House One Farm approach was the dependent variable of the study. To measure the dependent variables, a total of 18 statements about competency of the farmers were selected and each of the competency was put against a four point rating scale such as excellent, above average, average and not at all, and the corresponding score were given as 3, 2, 1, and 0, respectively. Therefore, the possible range of score of 20 competencies would be 0-54. The competency gaps of the farmers were measured by Cut-Score method on rating scale. One hundred (100) is the Cut-Score with an assumption if all the respondents go for Average (score: 1). The independent variables, however, were measured by using suitable scales and techniques. Pearsons Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) was used to explore the relationships between the concerned variables. The findings indicate that majority of the respondents (94 per cent) had medium competency compared to 2 per cent of them having high competency. On the other hand, there were 4 respondents under low extent of competency. Out of ten selected characteristics, the farmers level of education, farm size, training exposure, extension media contact, agricultural knowledge and awareness on One House One Farm approach showed significant positive relationships with their extent of competency on the application of One House One Farm approach. Age, household size, annual family income, and organizational participation had no relationships with their extent of competency on the application of One House One Farm approach.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19181 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 291 - 299, 2013
Commercial Potato Growers Contact with Information Sources Through Mobile Phone
Authors: Faruk MO , Kashem MA , Rahman MZ 
Published: August 2014

The objective of the present study was to determine the overall extent of contact through mobile phone to different information sources by commercial potato growers and to explore the relationships between overall extent of contact through mobile phone and their selected characteristics. The study was carried out at Imampura union under Gazaria Upazila of Munshiganj district. Data were collected from a sample of 88 potato growers by using interview schedule during September to October 2011. Appropriate scales were used in order to measure the concerned variables. Correlation test was used to ascertain the relationships between the concerned variables. Majority (71.6 per cent) of the potato growers had very low mobile phone use while 27.3 per cent of the potato growers had low mobile phone use and only 1.1 per cent had medium use with different information sources. Contact with relatives, friends; different market agents, and cold storage manager were the most important mobile phone using contact sources. Potato growers had more contact with other agents (friends and relatives, progressive potato growers etc.) compared to the input dealer and extension agents. Their characteristics such as year of schooling, household size, farm size, annual family income, attitude towards mobile phone use, knowledge on potato production and commercialization of potato had significant positive relationships with the overall contact through mobile phone; while age, organizational exposure, cosmoliteness had no significant relationships with their extent of contact through mobile phone.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19282 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 239 - 149, 2013
Interactions between Camelina sativa (Brassicaceae) and insect pests of canola
Authors: Soroka Juliana , Olivier Chrystel , Grenkow Larry , Séguin-Swartz Ginette 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn an investigation of Camelina sativa (Linnaeus) Crantz (Brassicaceae) and five common insect pests of canola (Brassica napus Linnaeus) (Brassicaceae), little feeding damage to the plant was inflicted by crucifer-feeding specialist flea beetles (Phyllotreta Chevrolat species) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Delia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) root maggots, or diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)). In choice tests, diamondback moths laid fewer eggs on C. sativa than on B. napus leaves. Diamondback moth larvae consumed less C. sativa leaf tissue, and tended to have a longer developmental period on C. sativa. Larvae of the polyphagous bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)) had similar feeding levels on C. sativa and B. napus plants. However, there was a longer developmental period from larval to pupal stage and pupae weighed less when fed on C. sativa foliage, suggesting that C. sativa contains antibiosis factors against bertha armyworm. Two strains of aster yellows phytoplasma, 16SrI-A and 16SrI-B, were identified in C. sativa and in Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Forbes) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Differences in incidence of aster yellows and abundance of M. quadrilineatus were observed among lines of C. sativa. The findings confirm that C. sativa is unlikely to support high populations of these insect pests on the Canadian prairies.
Differential Control of Mincle-Dependent Cord Factor Recognition and Macrophage Responses by the Transcription Factors C/EBPβ and HIF1α
Authors: Schoenen Hanne , Huber Alexandra , Sonda Nada , Zimmermann Stephanie , Jantsch Jonathan , Lepenies Bernd , Bronte Vincenzo , Lang Roland 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (TDM), the mycobacterial cord factor, and its synthetic analog Trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB) bind to the C-type lectin receptors macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) and Mcl to activate macrophages. Genetically, the transcriptional response to TDB/TDM has been defined to require FcRγ-Syk-Card9 signaling. However, TDB/TDM-triggered kinase activation has not been studied well, and it is largely unknown which transcriptional regulators bring about inflammatory gene expression. In this article, we report that TDB/TDM caused only weak Syk-phosphorylation in resting macrophages, consistent with low basal Mincle expression. However, LPS-priming caused MYD88-dependent upregulation of Mincle, resulting in enhanced TDB/TDM-induced kinase activation and more rapid inflammatory gene expression. TLR-induced Mincle expression partially circumvented the requirement for Mcl in the response to TDB/TDM. To dissect transcriptional responses to TDB/TDM, we mined microarray data and identified early growth response (Egr) family transcription factors as direct Mincle target genes, whereas upregulation of Cebpb and Hif1a required new protein synthesis. Macrophages and dendritic cells lacking C/EBPβ showed nearly complete abrogation of TDB/TDM responsiveness, but also failed to upregulate Mincle. Retroviral rescue of Mincle expression in Cebpb-deficient cells restored induction of Egr1, but not of G-CSF. This pattern of C/EBPβ dependence was also observed after stimulation with the Dectin-1 ligand Curdlan. Inducible expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) also required C/EBPβ. In turn, HIF1α was not required for Mincle expression, kinase activation, and Egr1 or Csf3 expression, but critically contributed to NO production. Taken together, we identify C/EBPβ as central hub in Mincle expression and inflammatory gene induction, whereas HIF1α controls Nos2 expression. C/EBPβ also connects TLR signals to cord factor responsiveness through MYD88-dependent upregulation of Mincle.
Inhibition of TYK2 and JAK1 Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Dermatitis by Inhibiting IL-22 and the IL-23/IL-17 Axis
Authors: Works Melissa G. , Yin Fangfang , Yin Catherine C. , Yiu Ying , Shew Kenneth , Tran Thanh-Thuy , Dunlap Nahoko , Lam Jennifer , Mitchell Tim , Reader John , Stein Paul L. , D’Andrea Annalisa 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the skin and characterized by aberrant keratinocyte proliferation and function. Immune cells infiltrate the skin and release proinflammatory cytokines that play important roles in psoriasis. The Th17 network, including IL-23 and IL-22, has recently emerged as a critical component in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. IL-22 and IL-23 signaling is dependent on the JAK family of protein tyrosine kinases, making JAK inhibition an appealing strategy for the treatment of psoriasis. In this study, we report the activity of SAR-20347, a small molecule inhibitor with specificity for JAK1 and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) over other JAK family members. In cellular assays, SAR-20347 dose dependently (1 nM–10 μM) inhibited JAK1- and/or TYK2-dependent signaling from the IL-12/IL-23, IL-22, and IFN-α receptors. In vivo, TYK2 mutant mice or treatment of wild-type mice with SAR-20347 significantly reduced IL-12–induced IFN-γ production and IL-22–dependent serum amyloid A to similar extents, indicating that, in these models, SAR-20347 is probably acting through inhibition of TYK2. In an imiquimod-induced psoriasis model, the administration of SAR-20347 led to a striking decrease in disease pathology, including reduced activation of keratinocytes and proinflammatory cytokine levels compared with both TYK2 mutant mice and wild-type controls. Taken together, these data indicate that targeting both JAK1- and TYK2-mediated cytokine signaling is more effective than TYK2 inhibition alone in reducing psoriasis pathogenesis.
TGF-β–Induced CD4+Foxp3+ T Cells Attenuate Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease by Suppressing Expansion and Killing of Effector CD8+ Cells
Authors: Gu Jian , Lu Ling , Chen Maogen , Xu Lili , Lan Qin , Li Qiang , Liu Zhongmin , Chen Guihua , Wang Ping , Wang Xuehao , Brand David , Olsen Nancy , Zheng Song Guo 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The use of TGF-β–induced CD4+Foxp3+ T cells (induced regulatory T cells [iTregs]) is an important prevention and treatment strategy in autoimmune diseases and other disorders. However, the potential use of iTregs as a treatment modality for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) has not been realized because they may be unstable and less suppressive in this disease. We restudied the ability of iTregs to prevent and treat aGVHD in two mouse models. Our results showed that, as long as an appropriate iTreg-generation protocol is used, these iTregs consistently displayed a potent ability to control aGVHD development and reduce mortality in the aGVHD animal models. iTreg infusion markedly suppressed the engraftment of donor CD8+ cells and CD4+ cells, the expression of granzyme A and B, the cytotoxic effect of donor CD8+ cells, and the production of T cell cytokines in aGVHD. Therefore, we conclude that as long as the correct methods for generating iTregs are used, they can prevent and even treat aGVHD.
Basophils Promote Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses in Inflamed Skin
Authors: Kim Brian S. , Wang Kelvin , Siracusa Mark C. , Saenz Steven A. , Brestoff Jonathan R. , Monticelli Laurel A. , Noti Mario , Tait Wojno Elia D. , Fung Thomas C. , Kubo Masato , Artis David 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Type 2 inflammation underlies allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, which is characterized by the accumulation of basophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in inflamed skin lesions. Although murine studies have demonstrated that cutaneous basophil and ILC2 responses are dependent on thymic stromal lymphopoietin, whether these cell populations interact to regulate the development of cutaneous type 2 inflammation is poorly defined. In this study, we identify that basophils and ILC2s significantly accumulate in inflamed human and murine skin and form clusters not observed in control skin. We demonstrate that murine basophil responses precede ILC2 responses and that basophils are the dominant IL-4–enhanced GFP-expressing cell type in inflamed skin. Furthermore, basophils and IL-4 were necessary for the optimal accumulation of ILC2s and induction of atopic dermatitis–like disease. We show that ILC2s express IL-4Rα and proliferate in an IL-4–dependent manner. Additionally, basophil-derived IL-4 was required for cutaneous ILC2 responses in vivo and directly regulated ILC2 proliferation ex vivo. Collectively, these data reveal a previously unrecognized role for basophil-derived IL-4 in promoting ILC2 responses during cutaneous inflammation.
A UTOPIA COOPERATIVISTA REGULADO PELO DIREITO: LEGITIMAÇÃO DO TRABALHO MORTO
Authors: Gonçalves Marcos Rafael G. 
Published: August 2014

A crise e o esgotamento do modelo positivista do Direito é uma constatação há tempos compreendida e divulgada por juristas críticos das mais diferenciadas correntes. Aqui, a crise do modelo tradicional do Direito é trabalhada a partir do Direito Cooperativo, na medida em que se constata a não correlação entre os sentidos ôntico e deôntico da norma. Se a legislação cooperativista vigente sistematicamente afronta os princípios que definem e caracterizam o cooperativismo, esse sistema de normas deve ser considerado como inválido, injusto e ilegítimo. Dada a crise do positivismo jurídico, incapaz de dar respostas às demandas sociais num contexto de país periférico, faz-se necessário (re)construir o Direito em outras bases, construindo o saber o jurídico nos marcos de um projeto transmoderno.
LA SUCESIÓN DE ESTADOS ANTE LA CAIDA DEL BLOQUE SOCIALISTA: ELEMENTOS TEÓRICOS Y DESARROLLOS RECIENTES
Authors: Ortega Terol Juan Miguel 
Published: August 2014

Em uma perspectiva jurídica, o autor analisa uma instituição clássicado Direito internacional públio, qual seja, a sucessão de Estados, para discutir o impacto que estas transformações estatais tem sobre a própria existência do Estado e sobre diversos aspectos jurídicos que podem resultar afestados por conta de referidas transformações.
PASSADO: DILEMAS E INSTRUMENTOS DA HISTORIOGRAFIA
Authors: Costa Pietro 
Published: August 2014

O presente texto confronta os dilemas e desafios do conhecimento do passado humano, apontando os limites e as possibilidades da historiografia. Na avaliação das possibilidades do historiador, o texto aproxima seu ofício com a perspectiva da hermenêutica contemporânea, firmando entre eles um paralelismo compreensivo.
NEO-ESCRAVISMO NO BRASIL CONTEMPORÂNEO: CRIME E CASTIGO
Authors: Ramos Filho Wilson 
Published: August 2014

Considerando-se, a fim de sesobrestarem equívocos, que a dissimilaridadese impõe como referencial na distinçãoentre o trabalho escravo contemporâneoe o trabalho escravo histórico, o presenteartigo embrenha sua discussão por duascorrentes tipológicas do trabalho escravocontemporâneo: o rural e o urbano, e, esteúltimo, em esforço conceitual, fluindo porduas significativas vertentes: o trabalhoescravo prestado sem suporte contratualválido e o trabalho prestado em condições deneo-escravidão com suporte contratualválido, nos termos da legislação vigente. Paratanto, o presente artigo proporá caracterizaremsecomo práticas criminosas as condutasdescritas abstratamente no artigo 149, doCódigo Penal brasileiro, ensejando inclusivecondenação dos delinqüentes à indenizaçãopor ato ilícito, no âmbito da Justiça do Trabalho, independentemente da aplicaçãode outras punições que a esfera da jurisdiçãopenal no âmbito criminal imputar.
A IDEIA DE AUTONOMIA EM LOCKE. FELICIDADE E JUSNATURALISMO. DISPOSITIVO METAFÍSICO-RELIGIOSO E SECULARIZAÇÃO.
Authors: Costa Manuel Afonso 
Published: August 2014

É verdade que Locke oscila entre uma tradição intelectualista e realista que lhe vem de Hooker e uma tradição voluntarista, afim da sua própria formação religiosa. Num plano, o da fundamentação última das obrigações, triunfa a segunda, mas no plano das decisões práticas, Locke comporta-se como um puro racionalista.A grande originalidade de Locke reside no modo ecléctico como ele utiliza os conceitos gregos de phronesis, sophrosyne e epoché, um essencialmente epicurista e aristotélico e o outro proveniente da cultura do cepticismo; e, o que é talvez o mais importante ainda, o modo como ele integra nesta preocupação, a da suspensão do juízo e da acção, o conceito de «uneasiness».