bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Four Presumptive Tests for Blood to Detect Epithelial Injury on Fish
Authors: Colotelo Alison H , Smokorowski Karen E. , Haxton Tim , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Current methods of fish epithelial injury detection are limited to gross macroscopic examination that has a subjective bias as well as an inability to reliably quantify the degree of injury. Fluorescein, a presumptive test for blood, has been shown to have the capability to detect and quantify fish epithelial injury. However, there are several other presumptive tests for blood (Bluestar©, phenolphthalein, and Hemastix®) that may have benefits over the use of fluorescein, particularly for field research on wild fish. This study investigated the capabilities of these four tests to detect and quantify a variety of injuries commonly encountered by fish (abrasion, cuts, fin frays, and punctures) using the freshwater bluegill Lepomis macrochirus as a model. Fluorescein was consistently found to be the most reliable (i.e., detected the highest proportion of true positive results and rarely detected false positive reactions) of the four presumptive tests for blood compared. Further testing was conducted to examine the reliability of fluorescein. By 24 h after an injury was inflicted, the injury was no longer detectable by fluorescein, and when fluorescein was applied to an injured fish, the fluorescein was no longer detectable 3 h after application. In a comparison of two common anaesthetics used in fisheries research, there was no significant difference in the proportion of injury detected when 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester methanesulfate (tricaine) was used compared with a clove oil and ethanol (1∶9) solution. In summary, fluorescein was the most reliable presumptive test for blood examined in this study for the detection and quantification of recent (hours) fish epithelial injury.
Vernix Caseosa Peritonitis after Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Sadath Shameema A. , Diba Fathiya I. Abo , Nayak Surendra , Shamali Iman Al , Diejomaoh Michael F. 
Published: October 2013

Introduction Vernix caseosa peritonitis (VCP) is a very unusual complication caused by inflammatory response to amniotic fluid spilled into the maternal peritoneal cavity. Twenty-seven cases have been reported, and all occurred after cesarean section. Case presentation We present a case of VCP following vaginal delivery; this may be the first case reported after vaginal delivery. Mrs. A, 28 years old, gravida 3, para 2, with one previous cesarean section, was admitted at 41 weeks gestation in active labor. Vacuum extraction was performed to deliver a healthy male baby, 4.410 kg, Apgar scores 7, 8. She developed fever, acute abdominal pain, and distension about 3 hours after delivery. A diagnosis of acute abdomen was made. Laparotomy was performed and it revealed neither uterine scar rupture nor other surgical emergencies, but 500 mL of turbid fluid and some cheesy material on the serosal surface of all viscera. Biopsies were taken. She had a course of antibiotics and her recovery was complete. Histology of the peritoneal fluid and tissue biopsy resulted in a diagnosis of VCP. Conclusion Clinical diagnosis of peritonitis due to vernix caseosa should be considered in patients presenting postpartum with an acute abdomen after vaginal delivery.
Age‐related Differences in the Free‐recall Accounts of Child, Adolescent, and Adult Witnesses
Authors: Jack Fiona , Leov Jessica , Zajac Rachel 
Published: October 2013

SummaryMany researchers have examined the factors that affect children's ability to provide eyewitness evidence, leading to significant reform in policy and practice. In stark contrast, there has been virtually no eyewitness research conducted with adolescents, even though adolescents are still undergoing developmental changes that are likely to affect eyewitness performance. We compared the eyewitness performance of children, adolescents, and adults by showing them a brief film clip depicting a simulated crime and using cognitive interview instructions to elicit free‐recall accounts. Adolescents provided more information than children, but less information than adults. Accuracy did not differ with age. These data suggest that, like children, adolescents could benefit from specialised interview techniques that help them provide more complete accounts. Across all three age groups, individual differences in cognitive functioning contributed to variation in eyewitness performance, and eliciting a second free‐recall account increased the amount of information reported. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtually Bare Nanocrystal Surfaces: Significantly Enhanced Electrical Transport in CuInSe2 and CuIn1−xGaxSe2 Thin Films upon Ligand Exchange with Thermally Degradable 1‐Ethyl‐5‐Thiotetrazole
Authors: Lauth Jannika , Marbach Jakob , Meyer Andreas , Dogan Sedat , Klinke Christian , Kornowski Andreas , Weller Horst 
Published: October 2013

A facile and safe ligand exchange method for readily synthesized CuInSe2 (CIS) and CuIn1‐xGaxSe2 (CIGS) nanocrystals (NCs) from oleylamine to 1‐ethyl‐5‐thiotetrazole, preserving the colloidal stability of the chalcopyrite structure, is presented. 1‐Ethyl‐5‐thiotetrazole as thermally degradable ligand is adapted for the first time for trigonal pyramidal CIS (18 nm), elongated CIS (9 nm) and CIGS NCs (6 nm). Exchanged NC solutions are processed onto gold electrodes yielding ordered thin films. These films are thermally annealed at 260 °C to completely remove 1‐ethyl‐5‐thiotetrazol leaving individual closely assembled NCs with virtually bare surfaces. The current–voltage characteristics of the NC solids are measured prior to ligand thermolysis in the dark and under illumination and after ligand thermolysis in the same manner. The conductivity of trigonal pyramidal CIS increases by four orders of magnitude (1.4 × 10−9 S cm−1 (dark) to 1.4 × 10−5 S cm−1 (illuminated)) for ligand‐free NC films. Elongated CIS NC films show a three orders of magnitude conductivity increase and CIGS NC films exhibit improved conductivity by two orders of magnitude. Conductivity enhancement thereby depends on the NC size accentuating the role of trap‐states and internal grain boundaries in ligand‐free NC solids for electrical transport. This approach for the first time offers the possibility to address chalcopyrite materials’ electrical properties in a virtually ligand‐free state.
A genome wide survey supports the involvement of large copy number variants in schizophrenia with and without intellectual disability
Authors: Derks Eske M. , Ayub Muhammad , Chambert Kimberly , Del Favero Jurgen , Johnstone Mandy , MacGregor Stuart , Maclean Alan , McKechanie Andrew G. , McRae Allan F. , Moran Jennifer L. , Pickard Benjamin S. , Purcell Shaun , Sklar Pamela , StCLair David M. , Wray Naomi R. , Visscher Peter M. , Blackwood Douglas H. R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundCopy number variants (CNVs) have been shown to play a role in schizophrenia and intellectual disability.MethodsWe compared the CNV burden in 66 patients with intellectual disability and no symptoms of psychosis (ID‐only) with the burden in 64 patients with intellectual disability and schizophrenia (ID + SCZ). Samples were genotyped on three plates by the Broad Institute using the Affymetrix 6.0 array.ResultsFor CNVs larger than 100 kb, there was no difference in the CNV burden of ID‐only and ID + SCZ. In contrast, the number of duplications larger than 1 Mb was increased in ID + SCZ compared to ID‐only. We detected seven large duplications and two large deletions at chromosome 15q11.2 (18.5–20.1 Mb) which were all present in patients with ID + SCZ. The involvement of this region in schizophrenia was confirmed in Scottish samples from the ISC study (N = 2,114; 1,130 cases and 984 controls). Finally, one of the patients with schizophrenia and low IQ carrying a duplication at 15q11.2, is a member of a previously described pedigree with multiple cases of mild intellectual disability, schizophrenia, hearing impairment, retinitis pigmentosa and cataracts. DNA samples were available for 11 members of this family and the duplication was present in all 10 affected individuals and was absent in an unaffected individual.ConclusionsDuplications at 15q11.2 (18.5–20.1 Mb) are highly prevalent in a severe group of patients characterized by intellectual disability and comorbid schizophrenia. It is also associated with a phenotype that includes schizophrenia, low IQ, hearing and visual impairments resembling the spectrum of symptoms described in “ciliopathies.” © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Terpolymerization of benzyl glycidyl ether, propylene oxide, and CO2 using binary and bifunctional [rac‐SalcyCoIIIX] complexes and the thermal and mechanical properties of the resultant poly(benzyl 1,2‐glycerol‐co‐propylene carbonate)s and poly(1,2‐glycerol‐co‐propylene carbonate)s
Authors: Zhang Heng , Grinstaff Mark W. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe terpolymerization of benzyl glycidyl ether (BGE), propylene oxide (PO), and CO2 using both a binary [rac‐SalcyCoIIIDNP]/PPNDNP system and a bifunctional [rac‐SalcyCoIIIDNP] catalyst bearing a quaternary ammonium salt is reported. Catalyst activities range from 149 to 563 h−1 for the binary catalyst at the various monomer feeding ratios. The bifunctional catalyst shows increased activity up to 857 h−1 at higher temperature with slightly compromised polymer selectivity. The percentage of BGE or PO incorporation in the polymer chain reflects the initial feeding ratio and remains constant during the course of the reaction. A Fineman‐Ross plot determined the monomer reactivity ratio to be 1.15 and 0.93 for BGE and PO, respectively. The glass transition temperature of the terpolymers is dependent on 1,2‐glycerol carbonate (GC) content and decreases from 37 to 8°C with increasing GC content. The decomposition temperature at 5% weight loss also shows a similar dependency, and varies from 233 to 269°C. The benzyl protecting group is removed using H2 and Pd/C to afford the poly(1,2‐glycerol‐co‐propylene carbonate)s (PGC‐co‐PC). The glass transition and decomposition temperatures as well as the mechanical properties are lower for the PGC‐co‐PCs compared with the corresponding values for the poly(benzyl 1,2‐glycerol‐co‐propylene carbonate)s. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39893.
Polypropylene plasticization and photodegradation with a TiO2/poly(ethylene oxide)/methyl linoleate paint photocatalyst system
Authors: Miyazaki Kensuke , Arai Takayuki , Nakatani Hisayuki 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe photodegradation of polypropylene (PP) film was performed by a TiO2/polyethylene oxide (PEO)/plant oil paint photocatalyst system. The photodegradation underwent two stages of development as follows: Initially PP reacted with linoleic acid radical originated from the photoreaction of plant oil component. Second, the linoleic acid graft‐polymer was decomposed, and then PP chain scission was caused. The process was studied using methyl linoleate (ML) in detail. The melting point of the 24 h‐photodegraded PP slightly decreased, and those of the 48 h‐ and 96 h‐ones drastically did as compared with the pristine PP. The crystallinity (χc) decreased at the 48 h photodegradation time and drastically increased at the 96 h one. The 24 h‐photodegraded PP showed the 77% Young's modulus, 88% tensile strength, and 103% strain at break values to those of the pristine PP. The ML graft‐polymerization and decomposition brought about the PP plasticizing and chemi‐crystallization, causing the PP degradation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39909.
A Panel of Biomarkers Is Associated With Increased Risk of the Presence and Progression of Atherosclerosis in Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: McMahon Maureen , Skaggs Brian J. , Grossman Jennifer M. , Sahakian Lori , FitzGerald John , Wong Weng Kee , Lourenco Elaine V. , Ragavendra Nagesh , Charles‐Schoeman Christina , Gorn Alan , Karpouzas George A. , Taylor Mihaela B. , Watson Karol E. , Weisman Michael H. , Wallace Daniel J. , Hahn Bevra H. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveAn increased frequency of atherosclerosis (ATH) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is well‐documented but not fully explained by the presence of traditional cardiac risk factors. Several nontraditional biomarkers, including proinflammatory high‐density lipoprotein (piHDL) and leptin, have been individually associated with subclinical ATH in SLE. The aim of this study was to examine whether these and other biomarkers can be combined into a risk profile, the Predictors of Risk for Elevated Flares, Damage Progression, and Increased Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with SLE (PREDICTS), that could be used to better predict future progression of ATH.MethodsIn total, 210 patients with SLE and 100 age‐matched healthy control subjects (all women) participated in this prospective cohort study. The longitudinal presence of carotid plaque and intima‐media thickness (IMT) were measured at baseline and followup (mean ± SD 29.6 ± 9.7 months).ResultsAt followup, carotid plaque was present in 29% of SLE patients. Factors significantly associated with plaque, determined using Salford Predictive Modeling and multivariate analysis, included age ≥48 years (odds ratio [OR] 4.1, P = 0.002), high piHDL function (OR 9.1, P < 0.001), leptin levels ≥34 ng/dl (OR 7.3, P = 0.001), plasma soluble TWEAK levels ≥373 pg/ml (OR 28.8, P = 0.004), and history of diabetes (OR 61.8, P < 0.001). Homocysteine levels ≥12 μmoles/liter were also a predictor. However, no single variable demonstrated an ideal combination of good negative predictive values (NPVs), positive predictive values (PPVs), sensitivity, and specificity. A high‐risk PREDICTS profile was defined as ≥3 positive biomarkers or ≥1 positive biomarker plus a history of diabetes; for high‐risk SLE patients, the PPV was 64%, NPV was 94%, sensitivity was 89%, and specificity was 79%. In multivariate analysis, SLE patients with the high‐risk profile had 28‐fold increased odds for the longitudinal presence of plaque (P < 0.001) and increased progression of IMT (P < 0.001).ConclusionA high‐risk PREDICTS score confers 28‐fold increased odds of the presence of any current, progressive, or acquired carotid plaque, both in patients with SLE and in control subjects, and is significantly associated with higher rates of IMT progression.
Effects of low intensity static magnetic field on FTIR spectra and ROS production in SH‐SY5Y neuronal‐like cells
Authors: Calabrò Emanuele , Condello Salvatore , Currò Monica , Ferlazzo Nadia , Caccamo Daniela , Magazù Salvatore , Ientile Riccardo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBiological effects of man‐made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been studied so far by experimental approaches exposing animals and cell cultures to EMFs. However, the evidence for cell toxicity induced by static magnetic field (SMF) is still uncertain. We investigated the effects produced by the exposure of human SH‐SY5Y neuronal‐like cells to a uniform magnetic field at intensities of 2.2 mT, which is less than the recommended public exposure limits set by the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). A decrease of membrane mitochondrial potential up to 30% was measured after 24 h of exposure to SMF in SH‐SY5Y cells, and this effect was associated with reactive oxygen species production increase. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that exposure to a static magnetic intensity around 2.2 mT changed the secondary structure of cellular proteins and lipid components. The vibration bands relative to the methylene group increased significantly after 4 h of exposure, whereas further exposure up to 24 h produced evident shifts of amide I and II modes and a relative increase in β‐sheet contents with respect to α‐helix components. Our study demonstrated that a moderate SMF causes alteration in cell homeostasis, as indicated by FTIR spectroscopy observations of changes in protein structures that are part of cell response to magnetic field exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 34:618–629, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies of the interaction between morin and polyamidoamine dendrimer
Authors: Zhang Hongmei , Cao Jian , Wang Yanqing 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTInteractions between the polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer and drug molecules are of interest for their potential biomedical applications. The goal of this work is to examine the interaction of PAMAM‐C12 25% dendrimer with morin. The ultraviolet–visible, fluorescence spectroscopic methods as well as molecular modeling were used to analyze drug‐binding mode, binding constants and binding sites, etc. The experimental data showed that the binding constant of morin‐PAMAM‐C12 25% is about 105 L/mol. The interaction of morin with PAMAM‐C12 25% is mainly driven by the hydrophobic, electrostatic, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. There are mainly three classes of binding site of morin at the interface of PAMAM‐C12 25%. These results provided some useful information for self‐assembling and disassembling the PAMAM dendrimer as well as efficient drug delivery and therapeutic applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic laquinimod treatment decreases inflammation, initiates axon remyelination, and improves motor deficit in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Moore Spencer , Khalaj Anna J. , Yoon JaeHee , Patel Rhusheet , Hannsun Gemmy , Yoo Timothy , Sasidhar Manda , Martinez‐Torres Leonardo , Hayardeny Liat , Tiwari‐Woodruff Seema K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic strategies that induce effective neuroprotection and enhance intrinsic repair mechanisms are central goals for future treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as other diseases. Laquinimod (LQ) is an orally administered, central nervous system (CNS)‐active immunomodulator with demonstrated efficacy in MS clinical trials and a favorable safety and tolerability profile.AimsWe aimed to explore the pathological, functional, and behavioral consequences of prophylactic and therapeutic (after presentation of peak clinical disease) LQ treatment in the chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS.Materials and methodsActive EAE‐induced 8‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice were treated with 5 or 25 mg/kg/day LQ via oral gavage beginning on EAE post‐immunization day 0, 8, or 21. Clinical scores and rotorod motor performance were assessed throughout the disease course. Immune analysis of autoantigen‐stimulated splenocytes, electrophysiological conduction of callosal axons, and immunohistochemistry of white matter‐rich corpus callosum and spinal cord were performed.ResultsProphylactic and therapeutic treatment with LQ significantly decreased mean clinical disease scores, inhibited Th1 cytokine production, and decreased the CNS inflammatory response. LQ‐induced improvement in axon myelination and integrity during EAE was functional, as evidenced by significant recovery of callosal axon conduction and axon refractoriness and pronounced improvement in rotorod motor performance. These improvements correlate with LQ‐induced attenuation of EAE‐induced demyelination and axon damage, and improved myelinated axon numbers.DiscussionEven when initiated at peak disease, LQ treatment has beneficial effects within the chronic EAE mouse model. In addition to its immunomodulatory effects, the positive effects of LQ treatment on oligodendrocyte numbers and myelin density are indicative of significant, functional neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects.ConclusionsOur results support a potential neuroprotective, in addition to immunomodulatory, effect of LQ treatment in inhibiting ongoing MS/EAE disease progression.
Chitosan‐based injectable hydrogel as a promising in situ forming scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Naderi‐Meshkin Hojjat , Andreas Kristin , Matin Maryam M. , Sittinger Michael , Bidkhori Hamid Reza , Ahmadiankia Naghmeh , Bahrami Ahmad Reza , Ringe Jochen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractChitosan‐beta glycerophosphate‐hydroxyethyl cellulose (CH‐GP‐HEC) is a biocompatible and biodegradable scaffold exhibiting a sol–gel transition at 37°C. Chondrogenic factors or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be included in the CH‐GP‐HEC, and injected into the site of injury to fill the cartilage tissue defects with minimal invasion and pain. The possible impact of the injectable CH‐GP‐HEC on the viability of the encapsulated MSCs was assessed by propidium iodide‐fluorescein diacetate staining. Proliferation of the human and rat MSCs was also determined by MTS assay on days 0, 7, 14 and 28 after encapsulation. To investigate the potential application of CH‐GP‐HEC as a drug delivery device, the in vitro release profile of insulin was quantified by QuantiPro‐BCA™ protein assay. Chondrogenic differentiation capacity of the encapsulated human MSCs (hMSCs) was also determined after induction of differentiation with transforming growth factor β3. MSCs have very good survival and proliferative rates within CH‐GP‐HEC hydrogel during the 28‐day investigation. A sustained release of insulin occurred over 8 days. The CH‐GP‐HEC hydrogel also provided suitable conditions for chondrogenic differentiation of the encapsulated hMSCs. In conclusion, the high potential of CH‐GP‐HEC as an injectable hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering is emphasised.
Proteinase‐activated receptor 2 modulates corticotropin releasing hormone‐induced brain‐derived neurotrophic factor release from microglial cells
Authors: Fan Yongzhi , Chen Jingli , Ye Jun , Yan Hong , Cai Yi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain, but its regulation of BDNF release is not fully understood. To further understand the regulation of BDNF release, the microglial cell line, C8‐D1A (microglia, in short), were cultured as a model. The levels of BDNF were determined by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Apoptotic microglia were assessed by flow cytometry. The protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) was activated by tryptase. Exposure to corticotripin releasing hormone (CRH) induced BDNF release from microglia. Apoptosis was evident in microglia after activation by CRH. Tryptase‐induced PAR2 activation reduced the frequency of apoptosis of microglia, but enhanced the BDNF levels in the culture medium, which was partially blocked by PAR2 antagonists. We conclude that PAR2 agonists can promote the BDNF release from microglia; the PAR2 antagonists may be a potential therapeutic target to attenuate the BDNF‐related neuropathic pain.
Invasion and genome reproduction of the trophoblast cells of placenta junctional zone in the field vole, Microtus rossiaemeridionalis
Authors: Zybina Tatiana G. , Stein Grigori I. , Pozharisski Kazimir M. , Zybina Eugenia V. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the field vole Microtus rossiaemeridionalis, like in other rodents, invasive secondary giant trophoblast cells (SGTC) form a continuous layer at the foeto–maternal interface in the beginning of placentation. However, in the field vole, at midgestation, clusters of junctional zone (JZ) trophoblast non‐giant cells interrupt SGTC layer and progressively replace SGTC at the border of decidua basalis. As a result, ‘border’ cells form a continuous stratum of cytokeratin‐positive glycogen‐rich cells at the foeto–maternal interface. SGTC plunge into JZ and line the lacunae with maternal blood. SGTC are bound by their highly cytokeratin‐positive sprouts forming a framework that holds other trophoblast cell populations. According to DNA cytophotometry, the ‘border’ cells show the highest ploidy among the JZ cells (up to 46% of 8c cells). Thus, in M. rossiaemeridionalis the role of barrier between semiallogenic foetal and maternal tissues is shifted from the highly endopolyploid (32c‐1024c) SGTC to the specific subpopulation of glycogen‐rich non‐giant (2c‐16c) ‘border’ trophoblast cells that, however, exceed the ploidy of the deeply located and/or proliferative JZ trophoblast cells.