bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of the Buffer Blocks on the Extreme Flows Generated Using Dam-Break Mechanism
Authors: Percy V. P. Golda , Sriram V. , Sundar V. , Schüttrumpf Holger 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The flows resulting from extreme events are bound to create devastating social, environmental, and economic consequences in the coastal regions. The earthquake-triggered tsunami in 2004 awakened the importance of the protective measures along the coast. This study focusses on the effectiveness of buffer blocks in dissipating the extreme flows for the less vulnerable regions in which the extreme flows are generated using dam-break mechanism. At an instant of time, the gate opens in a radial direction leading to a sudden flow thereby replicating surges due to an extreme event over a dry bed. The buffer blocks are positioned at 10m from the gate which acts as the coastal defensive elements thus attenuating the flow. Initially, single row of buffer blocks is investigated in detail. The downstream flow characteristics such as flow depth, flow velocity, and momentum flux are analyzed for various reservoir water depths and the results are summarized.
Dynamic Performance of a Land-Based OWC Wave Energy Converter Under Focused Wave Conditions
Authors: Wang Rongquan , Hu Yuxuan , Cong Peiwen , Ning Dezhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The survivability and energy conversion efficiency of the wave energy conversion device are the two very important factors that need to be considered in the device design process. Many researches have been carried out to improve the efficiency of the oscillation water column (OWC) device. However, there is little study on the survivability of the device. Therefore, it is very important to study the dynamic characteristics of OWC wave energy device under extreme wave conditions to get more information about the survivability of the device. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of OWC wave energy device under the action of focused waves is experimentally investigated in a wave flume at the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology. It is found that the peak value of air pressure in the air chamber is smaller than its trough value, which means that the negative pressure generated by the water column falling is greater than the positive pressure generated by the water column rising under the action of the focused wave. The high speed down motion of the water surface at the front wall makes the waver column inside the chamber unstable due to the violent interaction between the focused wave and the OWC device. As a result, the oscillating of air pressure inside the chamber and the horizontal wave force on the device are induced. The peak value of the dimensionless total horizontal wave force almost stays the same with the increase of wave amplitude in the present research range, while the oscillating peak value decreasing with the focus amplitude. Although the oscillation value is smaller than the peak value, the value of wave force will be maintained at a relatively large level, threatening the safety of the device.
Preliminary Investigation on the Effects of Gusty Wind Forcing on Steep Unidirectional Waves
Authors: Zhang Zitan , Li Ye 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In air-sea interaction, wind, the driving force that generates surface waves, exchanges energy and momentum with waves. However, the airflow with high turbulence intensity above the waves leads to the evolution of nonlinear waves being more complex. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the role of wind-wave interaction in wave evolution and consequent extreme wave generation. In this paper, the parametric laboratory experiments were carried out at Shanghai Jiao Tong University to investigate the effect of wind-wave interaction on nonlinear wave evolution and extreme wave generation. Here, we are concerned with wave-by-wave local interactions different from the existing work on wind energy transfer in the spectral wave model. We considered three sets of random waves generated from the JONSWAP spectrum with different initial steepness. The wind with high turbulence intensity is generated by a movable fan array in the large-scale open wave tank. We investigate the long-time nonlinear wave evolution with wind and discuss the statistical properties of waves. We find that the gusty wind forcing enhances the ‘heavy tail’ effect in the exceedance probability of wave height. It suggests that the gusty wind forcing leads the nonlinear waves to deviate from equilibrium, increasing the probability of extreme events.
A Scenario Optimization Approach to the Prediction of Extreme Structural Responses to Environmental Loading
Authors: Crespo Luis G. , Agrell Christian , Vanem Erik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a data-driven approach to characterize the extreme response of a wind turbine subject to both uncertain properties and random loading. Whereas the loading is driven by environmental conditions measured in situ, the response is evaluated by computationally intensive simulations. The training data used to build the computational model might be given by the greatest simulated responses or by high quantiles of fitted worst-case distributions. Worst-case and chance-constrained optimization are used to learn functions that bound the data. We may choose to bound all the data in order to obtain a conservative prediction, or we can deliberately exclude a few outliers from the dataset in order to obtain a more informative but riskier prediction. In addition, we use scenario theory to rigorously bound the probability of future data exceeding the predicted extreme response.
Adhesive Influence on the Liner Detachment of Mechanically Lined Pipes Subjected to Bending and Internal Pressure
Authors: Caire Marcelo , Luis Martinez Fernández Jorge , Augusto Vaz Murilo , Hu Xuefeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Mechanically lined pipes (MLPs) employ a thin-walled corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) liner to avoid corrosion in offshore pipelines. During reeling installation, the liner may wrinkle in the compression side due to reverse elasto-plastic bending cycles. This problem can be avoided by either increasing the liner thickness or applying internal pressure during the installation but both solutions lead to a cost increase. A proposed alternative is to manufacture the pipe with an adhesive layer between the carrier pipe and the liner to avoid wrinkle formation and potentially reduce the laying costs. Its effectiveness depends on a number of factors, including the adhesive properties and the resulting residual contact pressure from the manufacture process. In this work, a uniform ovalization finite element model is employed to assess the bending behaviour of tight-fit and snug-fit lined pipes, respectively denoted TFP and SFP, with three different types of adhesives. Three dimensional solid elements are employed for both the carrier pipe and the liner with elasto-plastic response and the adhesive is represented by a contact surface. The uniform ovalization model, while unable to capture wrinkling effects, reveals the adhesive’s significant influence on liner detachment and stress distribution.
Investigation of Hydrodynamic Effects on Large Floating Structure Using a 2D-Time Domain Hydrodynamic Solver Based on Strip Theory
Authors: P. P. Vijith , Rajendran Suresh , Zhou Xueqian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The hydrodynamic effects stemming from waves interacting with large floating structures are important due to these structures’ flexibility. This flexibility induces wave-induced vibrations termed hydroelasticity, resulting in higher-order harmonics within the overall hydrodynamic force acting upon the structure. This paper outlines an investigation into the hydrodynamic effects on a very large floating structure utilizing a 2D-time domain code. The performance of the seakeeping solver is tested by comparing the results with the 3D solver. The hydrodynamic coefficients derived from the 2D Code are compared with results obtained from NEMOH, a 3D frequency domain open-source solver. Rigid motions are estimated, and RAOs are compared with NEMOH and WAMIT solvers. Furthermore, this study explores the impact of elastic response on the vertical bending moment of a very large floating structure using the 2D-time domain code.
Repeated Low-Velocity Impacts on Dynamic Failure Mechanisms of Composite Sandwich Panels With PVC Foam Cores
Authors: Cai Wei , Li Shuxin , Zhu Ling 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Composite sandwich structures have been widely used in naval architecture and ocean engineering field, thanks to their excellent properties like high strength to weight and stiffness to weight ratios, favourable energy-absorbing capacity, reduced corrosion tendency and design flexibility. Due to complex service conditions such as collisions, ice impacts, aircraft landing impacts and falling object impacts, composite sandwich structures in marine engineering field are commonly subjected to repeated low-energy impacts at localized sites during complex service conditions, and its resultant damage may seriously affect their mechanical performance and structural safety. Therefore, to provide insight into dynamic failure behaviours, this paper performed a series of repeated low-velocity impact tests on the orthogonal woven glass fibre laminated sandwich panels with a PVC foam core layer. The variations of the mechanical characteristics and failure behaviours of composite sandwich panels against impact numbers are explored, such as peak force, dent depth, structural stiffness, failure modes and energy absorption. It is found that the accumulated impact-induced damage has a significant negative effect on the structural stiffness, failure mode, and energy absorption characteristics of composite sandwich panels. The PVC foam cores show a good energy absorption ability to protect the integrity of the bottom face sheet from repeated impacts. This research provides a detailed understanding of the damage mechanisms of composite sandwich panels under repeated impacts.
Probabilistic Analysis of Ice Load Occurrence in Floe Ice Fields
Authors: Xie Chenxi , Xia Lijuan , Li Fang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ships navigating in the Arctic and Antarctic regions frequently encounter the threat of ice. Floe ice exhibits various shapes and sizes, with significant variations in thickness and concentration across different ice fields. Estimating the number of ship-ice contact events accurately is crucial for strategic navigation and fatigue damage assessment.
This paper focuses on the contact occurrence in floe ice fields which can be determined by the time intervals between contacts. The occurrence in level ice fields follows a Poisson distribution and the time intervals follow an exponential distribution which has been demonstrated in numerous studies. Based on the measurement data on Polar Supply and Research Vessel (PSRV) S.A. Agulhas II during 2018/19 Antarctic voyage which encountered extensive floe ice, this paper examines the applicability of previously proposed patterns in level ice fields to floe ice fields. A mixture exponential distribution model is proposed to fit the time intervals in floe ice fields and the statistical test is adopted to evaluate the goodness of fit. This paper then provides a procedure to obtain the contact occurrence by Monte Carlo method based on the distribution of time intervals. To further investigate the influence of contact occurrence on short term extreme distributions of local ice loads, three methods are employed and the distributions are found to be highly consistent.
Application of Digitalization and Digital Twins to Mooring Integrity Assessment of Floaters
Authors: Das Suvabrata , Maroju Soma S. , Lewis Jeffrey , Arantes Joao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Mooring systems in offshore applications primarily use chains to connect floaters to anchors. However, these systems are vulnerable to corrosion and fatigue, leading to failures. The offshore renewable energy industry will benefit from cost-effective condition monitoring instrumentation packages that help to lower overall operations and maintenance costs. While direct mooring load measurements are typically preferred, their frequent failures make them less reliable. This paper presents a robust and cost-effective Mooring Condition Monitoring System (MCMS) for offshore floaters, that can be widely deployed and can monitor the mooring line loads in near real-time. This system consists of primary reliable sensors that include redundant Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) units, tri-axial accelerometers, and angular rate sensors. These sensor systems have the advantage of being low-cost, and do not interfere with the mooring system operation. The measurements from the MCMS are accessed and post-processed through an analytics platform, BMT DEEP, harnessing the benefits of Digital Twin Technology and bringing in data from all sources into a common time reference and enabling to synthesize and monitor the asset mooring system from any remote location through the mooring monitoring dashboard.
The data from the floater marine monitoring system are quality controlled and fed to a mooring solver engine to generate a time history of each component tension loads from motions at termination points. This will be in turn used to obtain cyclic load severity for fatigue damage accumulation and remaining life evaluation. The solver engine implements a combination of quasi-static and dynamic mooring models along with the defined properties of component weights, elastic properties, and segment cross-sectional areas. The material properties are periodically updated to include loss of material due to prescribed corrosion rates and material component creep. Comparisons can be made between as measured and predicted fatigue damage rates from the mooring system design. The challenges faced in this process are highlighted, along with the steps taken to overcome those. The mooring monitoring dashboard will leverage background data analytics from remote monitoring, supporting proactive and predictive maintenance through automated alarms, and thus lowering operations and maintenance costs.
CCUS in a Complex Fluid Column, From Gas Condensate to Heavy Oil: A Mature Compositional Reservoir Real Case in the North of Monagas, Venezuela
Authors: Rodriguez F. , Patete A. , Belhaj H. , Llamedo M. , Al Hameli F. , Al Dhuhoori M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) in El Carito-Mulata-Santa Barbara Field represents a great challenge due to the multiple phases present in the reservoir (significant variation of composition with depth from gas condensate to heavy oils and Tarmat) and the presence of local water zones and aquifers. For more than 20 years this field has been under pressure maintenance to avoid asphaltene precipitation issues, by injecting water along with natural gas, and several studies have been focused on the injection of alternative gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The scope of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of CO2 injection in El Carito-Mulata-Santa Barbara Field through a compositional simulation model, and to understand the main mechanisms of the process.
To evaluate the feasibility of CO2 injection in the study area, a compositional model previously tuned with real laboratory and field data was used, including PVT tests, swelling, slim tube and coreflood tests. This compositional model considers the three parameters of the Peng Robinson equation of state for the adjustment of laboratory experiments and a lumping scheme that allows for the evaluation of natural gas, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide injections. Different scenarios were evaluated in the full field numerical simulation model to predict the injection of CO2 in different zones of the reservoir (in the gas condensate zone, black oil zone and in the water zone), as well as the possible WAG CO2 injection.
Results of this study predict the impact of mechanisms such as miscibility/solubility/oil swelling on the evaluation of CCUS in El Carito-Mulata-Santa Barbara Field, and their effect on the recovery of hydrocarbons. The importance of data acquisition and lab test programs as well as a field monitoring plan for the calibration of the reservoir model to current reservoir conditions are highlighted. These results will provide input for the technical-economic evaluation of CCUS in El Carito-Mulata-Santa Barbara Field and future feasibility studies of CCUS for field application in Venezuela.
Challenges Towards an Integrated Digital Twin Platform for Maritime Systems: Tackling Shifts in Data Ownership
Authors: Bronson Janica A. , Fonseca Ícaro , Gaspar Henrique M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Organizing product data from various sources and lifecycle stages into a standardized digital representation is a challenge faced by multiple actors in the maritime industry. Maintaining product data models, especially during handover and commissioning, can be difficult due to data ownership shifts and the lack of formal data governance. In maritime systems, particularly the shipping industry, these concerns are especially pronounced as ship commissioning is accompanied by traditional customs marking the transfer of ownership and management of the ship asset. This discontinuity decouples the digital ship models between the design and operation value chains. The lack of data traceability typically results in the manual integration of data models with various interpretations, databases, and dictionaries. Failure to effectively manage these data models can lead to higher costs for information reconciliation and error correction in the future.
This paper evaluates the challenges of data traceability across a maritime system’s lifecycle, mainly using ship lifecycle phases as an example. It compiles the current understanding of how physical objects are represented in virtual environments, covering concepts such as digital prototypes, instances, aggregate, twins, and the digital thread, to explore the evolution of maritime systems’ product data from upstream to downstream lifecycle phases. The paper concludes with a selection of challenges that need to be tackled and potential frameworks that may be used as solutions.
Storm Surge Model for Singapore Strait and South China Sea Using Delft3d FM
Authors: Xu Haihua , Chow Jeng Hei , Xu Xingkun , Tkalich Pavel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Singapore, a highly urbanized city-state, is characterized by its densely populated areas and economic centers situated close to the coastline. This proximity to the sea makes these areas particularly susceptible to coastal threats such as rising sea levels and storm surges. In response, we have developed a storm surge model that effectively simulates the initiation and movement of storm surges from the open sea towards the coast. The model is calibrated by ERA5 reanalysis data, which provides hourly wind information at a height of 10 meters and mean sea level pressure readings. We have carefully tuned the model’s wind drag coefficients by comparing them against data from existing tidal gauges.
This calibrated model has been utilized to analyze the hydrodynamic behavior during four significant storm surge events that have occurred in recent years. Our study includes an examination of both the time series data and the maximum water levels, as well as sea level anomalies (SLA), specifically focusing on the data recorded at the Tanjong Pagar tidal station.
Pre- and Post-Pandemic Periods Ship Emissions in the Strait of Malacca and Singapore
Authors: Ten Ki Hong , Kang Hooi-Siang , Siow Chee-Loon , Goh Jie-Heng , Khor Wei Han , Leow Jing Shuo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ship emissions have been perceived as the main contributors of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in coming years. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, shipping sector faced disruptions and had been reported with declined emissions. The transition of ship emissions through the pandemic showed possible environmental recovery and initiated further analysis on the effect of such black swan event for the maritime industry. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the difference of ship emission trend during different periods of Covid-19 pandemic based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data collected from Strait of Malacca and Singapore (SOMAS). Based on a comparative analysis of ship emissions between 2019 to 2023, which represents different periods of the pandemic (pre-, peri- and post-pandemic), the relationship of ship activities and emissions are reassessed to validate with past studies. Methodologies for Estimating air pollutant Emissions from Transport (MEET) framework as recommended by European Union (EU) guidelines is used to process the AIS data for the computation of emission inventories. The results show downward trends at the beginning of pandemic and a retaliatory growth after relaxation from movement restrictions. From these assessments, the idea of improvising resilience of maritime activities in times of Black Swan events is further discussed.
A comparative study of flavour-sensitive observables in hadronic Higgs decays
Authors: Aveleira Benjamin Campillo , Ridder Aude Gehrmann-De , Preuss Christian T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractJet production from hadronic Higgs decays at future lepton colliders will have significantly different phenomenological implications than jet production via off-shell photon and Z-boson decays, owing to the fact that Higgs bosons decay to both pairs of quarks and gluons. We compute observables involving flavoured jets in hadronic Higgs decays to three partons at Born level including next-to-leading order corrections in QCD (i.e., up to $$\mathcal {O}(\alpha _\textrm{s}^2))$$

O
(

α
s
2

)
)

. The calculation is performed in the framework of an effective theory in which the Higgs boson couples directly to gluons and massless b-quarks retaining a non-vanishing Yukawa coupling. For the energy of the leading and subleading flavoured jet, the angular separation and the invariant mass of the leading b–$$\bar{b}$$

b

¯

pair, we contrast the results obtained in both Higgs-decay categories and using either of the infrared-safe flavoured jet algorithms flavour-$$k_{\textrm{T}}$$

k
T

and flavour-dressing.