bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the Beginning of World War II as Perceived by Soviet Citizens: New Sources and Interpretations
Authors: Karpenkina Yanina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
After the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was signed, a new historical phase began for the whole of Europe, marked by a sharp escalation of international conflict and the imminent outbreak of World War II. For Soviet citizens, these events were particularly traumatic because they also meant a sudden turn toward peace with Germany. The news of the signing of the Soviet-German Non-Aggression pact was received by Soviet citizens with mixed feelings. Many of them did not understand why yesterday’s Enemy No. 1 was suddenly turned into Ally No. 1, and what to expect from this partnership. In searching for the rationale for this agreement, the Soviet people were inclined to take a positive view of the pact, and then a negative one. A detailed analysis of the transformation of the public mood makes it possible to identify the internal problems of Soviet society, which manifested themselves expressively in the first weeks of World War II. This study also draws attention to the problem of Soviet people’s trust in official sources of information; to the impact of war scares of the interwar period on Soviet society; and to the influence of the ideas of the world proletarian revolution on the perception of the events of late August and early September 1939. The study is based on the accounts of the predominantly Russian population of the Soviet Union and presents the perspective of this ethnic group.
Israel, the Righteous, the Prophets, and the Messiah as the Servant(s) of the Lord
Authors: Cowan J. Andrew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This essay explores the rationale behind the different interpretations of the servant of the Lord in Targum Jonathan Isaiah. In order to facilitate understanding of this material, I survey the use of the designation “servant(s) of the Lord” in the Hebrew Bible and then discuss the rationale behind the use of singulars and plurals in the Targum’s translation of Isaiah 40–55. After this, I analyze the relevant passages within the Targum, suggesting that the scribes interpret the figure of the servant to have four different referents: the nation of Israel, the righteous, the prophets, and the messiah. Throughout this analysis, I attend to the features of the text that appear to have influenced the scribes to identify the servant in these ways. I conclude by reviewing the most important factors contributing to these decisions and then highlighting the coherence between my observations and some recent works on the scribes’ hermeneutical orientation.
Neues aus Thyatira – eine lex sacra aus vorchristlicher Zeit
Authors: Heininger Bernhard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Among the few inscriptions published in recent times that can be attributed to Thyatira, one of the seven cities of Revelation (cf. Rev 1:11; 2:18–29), a particularly noteworthy example is a lex sacra, or purity law. It regulates access to the sanctuary of an unspecified deity (presumably the μήτερ τῶν θεῶν). After presenting the material findings along with the Greek text and the German translation, the inscription is analyzed in terms of its linguistic form and genre. This is followed by a discussion of the individual cases of defilement (death, eating and touching garlic, murder and manslaughter, sexuality). Cross-references to biblical and intertestamental literature are included. The aim is to enhance the religious-historical profile of Thyatira, an Asia Minor city, which has received comparatively little attention in New Testament research.
Polemik und Geschichtsschreibung bei Thomas Abbt
Authors: Berger Demian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The article examines the historiographical concepts of Thomas Abbt (1738–1766) in their polemical references, especially in the Berliner Literaturbriefe. By means of polemics, Abbt outlines his idea of ‘pragmatic history’ in contrast to contemporary historical attempts, namely J.C. Harenberg’s History of the Jesuits, C.F. Pauli’s Heroic Tales, a historical novel by J.G.H. v. Justi and P.E. Bertram’s Spanish History. Therefore, history must unite three claims: a pragmatic one with regard to its political utility, an epistemic one concerning an unconditional claim to objectivity and non-fictionality, and an aesthetic-stylistic one, according to which only a style schooled in classical rhetoric and ancient historiography can guarantee the utility and truth of history. Hence, Abbt’s polemic against misguided historiography is essentially articulated as a critique of style.
Ein dionysischer Oidipus
Authors: Zimmermann Bernhard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rudolf Pannwitz (27 May 1881–23 March 1969) is an almost forgotten 20th century author. The Dionysian Tragedies (Dionysische Tragödien), published in 1913, refers in its title to the inspiration for the five plays: Nietzsche’s Birth of Tragedy (Geburt der Tragödie, 1872). Among the Dionysian tragedies, The Liberation of Oedipus. A dionysian picture (Die Befreiung des Oidipus. Ein dionysisches Bild) has the most points of contact with Nietzsche’s work. Against the background of the ancient discussion of the Dionysian and the dithyrambic and Nietzsche’s Birth of Tragedy, the article interprets Die Befreiung des Oidipus as a dramatisation of Nietzsche’s understanding of the Dionysian.
ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIASI KECEPATAN DAN ARUS PENGELASAN TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK HASIL LAS
Authors: Mufti Mohammad , Ismail Ismail , Wahid Ichlas 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAK
Prosedur pengelasan memainkan peranan penting dalam sektor teknologi manufaktur, dan prosedur pendinginan selanjutnya digunakan pada material yang dihasilkan dari pengelasan baja ST-42, menggunakan oli SAE-10W-30 sebagai bahan pendingin. Prosedur ini, yang meliputi peleburan logam dan Perlakuan Termal selanjutnya dengan pendinginan yang dipercepat untuk mencapai proses pengerasan, dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh karakteristik material yang sesuai. Nilai tegangan tarik tertinggi diperoleh selama prosedur pendinginan, yang bervariasi tergantung pada laju dan arus pengelasan. Mesin las Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) digunakan dengan fluktuasi arus sebesar 120 A, 130 A, dan 140 A. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh fluktuasi kecepatan pengelasan dan arus listrik terhadap karakteristik mekanik mesin las. pengelasan dan tentukan kombinasi kecepatan dan arus pengelasan yang paling menguntungkan di antara tiga opsi—55 mm/s, 52 mm/s, dan 49 mm/s untuk kecepatan pengelasan, dan 120 A, 130 A, dan 140 A untuk arus pengelasan —dalam hasil pengelasan GMAW. Pada pengujian pada plat induk baja karbon rendah yaitu “ST42” yang dilakukan dengan pengujian tegangan tarik maksimum dan uji kekerasan brinell. Tegangan tarik maksimum terbesar berada pada, Hasil Pengujian Tarik dengan variasi kecepatan 55mm/s, 52mm/s, dan 49mm/s dan variasi arus 120A, 130A, Dan 140A. Dan media pendingin OLI SAE 10W-30 kekuatan tarik maksimum terbesar berada di pengelasan, arus 140A dengan kode spesimen G2 dengan kekuatan tarik maksimum sebesar 43,58 kg/mm2. Dan tegangan tarik maksimum terendah yaitu berada pada kode spesimen A2 di arus 120 A sebesar 33,14 kg/mm2. Dan kecepatan pengelasan 52mm/s. pada media pendingin oli yang didapatkan yaitu semakin besar arus makan semakin tinggi tegangan tarik maksimumnya, sedangkan untuk pengujian kekerasan Brinell, Pengujian Kekerasan Brinell dengan pengambilan sampel titik pada daerah Weld Metal, HAZ, Base Metal. Dan nilai tertinggi kekerasan HBN berada pada arus 130 A dengan kode spesimen D, dan kecepatan Pengelasan 55mm/s sehingga nilai kekerasan yang di dapat sebesar 175,3 HBN Pada daerah weld metal , dan pada daerah HAZ nilai tertinggi berada pada arus 120A pada kode spesimen A dengan kecepatan pengelasan 55mm/s sebesar 164 HBN. Dan pada daerah base metal yang tertinggi yaitu pada arus 130 A pada kode spesimen E, dengan kecepatan pengelasan 52mm/s sebesar 159 HBN.
ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIASI KEMIRINGAN SUDUT VARIATOR (PRIMARY PULLEY), UKURAN V-BELT DAN BERAT ROLLER TERHADAP DAYA PADA MOTOR MATIC MIO J 110CC
Authors: Firdaus Royyan , Supardi Supardi , Kastiawan I Made 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAK
Sistem transmisi otomatis pada kendaraan matic merupakan transmisi otomatis pengoperasiannya tidak menggunakan perpindahan roda gigi melainkan menggunakan pulley dan belt yang dikenal dengan CVT. Sistem CVT (Continuous Variable Transmission) adalah sisteim transmisi daya dari meisin meinuju roda beilakang meilalui V-beilt yang meinghubungkan antara drivei pulleiy untuk meinggeirakkan drivein pulleiy meinggunakan gaya seintrifugal yang teirjadi pada komponein-komponeinnya, CVT (Continuosly Variablei Transmission ) teirdiri dari drivei pulleiy dan drivein pulleiy. Pada pully primeir teirdapat speieid goveirnor yang beirfungsi meirubah beisar keicilnya diameiteir pully primeir yang seibagai rumahan dari rolleir seintrifugal yang akan meineirima gaya seintrifugal akibat putaran crankshaf. Pada pully primeir teirdapat speieid goveirnor yang beirfungsi meirubah beisar keicilnya diameiteir pully primeir yang seibagai rumahan dari rolleir seintrifugal. peinggeirak pada seipeida motor matic ialah salah satu komponein yang peinting pada seipeida motor seibagaimana pada matic yang beirfungsi seibagai peimindah keiceipatan seisuai rpm meisin seicara otomatis dan tidak mamakai gigi transmisi namun meinggunakan sabuk V-beilt seibagai peineirus atau peinghubung putaran antara keidua pulleiy. Puli seibagai komponein yang beirfungsi untuk meingatur beirat keicilnya diameiteirpuli yang beirhubungan deingan peirbandingan reiduksi putaran meisin, seilain itu puli juga beirfungsi untuk meingatur akseileirasi pada seipda motor. Beirdasarkan hasil peineilitian teintang analisa peingaruh variasi keimiringan sudut variator (primary pulleiy), ukuran v-beilt dan beirat rolleir teirhadap akseileirasi dan peirforma pada motor matic mio j 110cc dapat disimpulkan, untuk daya maksimal yang dapat dicapai di motor Yamaha Mio J 110cc teirleitak pada variasi pulleiy 130 deingan rolleir 10gram dan meinggunakan V-beilt variasi beirnilai 7,855 Hp, untuk daya maksimal yang dapat dicapai di motor Yamaha Mio J 110cc teirleitak pada variasi pulleiy 130 deingan rolleir 8 gram dan meinggunakan V-beilt original deingan nilai 7,555 Hp.

Kata kunci: daya,rolleir,pulleiy,otomasi, v beilt
Pemilihan Supplier Pangan Organik dengan Metode Analytic Network Process (ANP)
Authors: Izzaty Nur , Arif Alma , Lufika Raihan Dara 
Published: July 2024

Pemilihan supplier merupakan salah satu kegiatan dalam alur kegiatan rantai pasok dan keputusan strategis yang dapat meningkatkan keunggulan kompetitif bagi perusahaan. AF organic store merupakan jenis usaha yang bergerak di industri pangan organik. Terdapat beberapa permasalahan terkait pemilihan supplier yang disebabkan oleh kinerja dari tiap supplier yang kurang maksimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Analytic Network Process (ANP) dan dibantu dengan Software Super Decisions dengan tujuan untuk menentukan kriteria dan sub-kriteria utama pemilihan supplier sesuai dengan kebutuhan AF dengan membandingkan nilai terhadap kriteria yang ditentukan untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan urutan prioritas kriteria kebutuhan supplier AF dengan bobot berurutan yaitu kualitas (0,417), harga (0,360), service (0,159), dan pengiriman (0,070). Sementara itu, sub-kriteria utama yang dipertimbangkan adalah kesesuaian produk dan spesifikasi dengan nilai 0,739. Kriteria kualitas menjadi fokus terpenting dari AF karena komitmen perusahaan untuk tetap menjaga kualitas bahan makanan organik yang dijual kepada konsumen. Oleh karena itu, didapatkan prioritas supplier terbaik adalah WSM dengan nilai 0,446.
IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT DAUN KENTANG MENGGUNAKAN FITUR GLCM DAN ALGORITMA MULTI-SVM
Authors: Muhamad Hasan 
Published: July 2024

Deteksi dini dengan cara pengklisifikasian daun pada tanaman kentang menjadi salah satu langkah yang menjanjikan menuju ketahanan pangan yang berkelanjutan pada bidang pertanian. Penyakit-penyakit yang menyebabkan kehilangan hasil yang substansial dalam kentang adalah Phytophthora infestans (late blight) dan Alternaria solani (early blight). Penyakit tersebut dapat mempengaruhi hasil pada tanaman kentang sehingga mengakibatkan gagal panen. Penyakit ini harus diklasifikasikan berdasarkan jenisnya agar bisa mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat. Penyakit ini dapat dikenali secara visual karena memiliki ciri warna dan tekstur yang unik. Tetapi pengamatan secara langsung memiliki beberapa kekurangan seperti subjektifitas serta kurang akurat. Melalui sebuah citra dapat dipelajari informasi mengenai penyakit tanaman tersebut seperti tekstur dan warna. Pengolahan citra adalah salah satu teknik yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mendeteksi dan mengklasifikasi penyakit daun pada tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem deteksi dini terhadap penyakit tanaman pada daun kentang yang lebih efektif dan bebas dari kesalahan. Dalam peneliatian ini, diusulkan metode identifikasi penyakit pada daun tanaman kentang berdasarkan fitur tekstur Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix. Ekstraksi fitur tekstur dengan menggunakan metode Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix. Algoritma Multi-SVM dilakukan untuk memproses kalsifikasi dari 3 kategori daun. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa identifikasi penyakit daun pada tanaman kentang dapat dilakukan menggunakan pengolahan citra digital. Hasil akurasi rata-rata yang diperoleh mencapai 86,67 % dari tiga kategori daun.
DÉFICIT HÍDRICO E ALTAS TEMPERATURAS NO METABOLISMO DA SOJA EM SEMEADURAS ANTECIPADAS
Authors: Ferrari Elisangela , Da Paz Adriano , Carvalho da Silva Andréa 
Published: July 2024

A cultura da soja está sujeita a adversidades climáticas durante seu ciclo, sendo isto variável de acordo com a data de semeadura da mesma. No estado de Mato Grosso a semeadura antecipada da soja já é realizada por produtores rurais, estes optam por isso, visando, principalmente, o escape das infecções mais intensas da ferrugem asiática, o melhor escalonamento do plantio e da colheita, maximizando o uso do maquinário, também devido aos melhores preços do grão praticados no inicio da colheita de soja, beneficiando assim a implantação da safrinha (2ª safra). A antecipação da semeadura submete as plantas de soja à déficits hídricos no inicio do ciclo, levando a ocorrência de plantas com pequena estatura, entrenós curtos e consequentemente a perda de produtividade. Mas, existem tecnologias disponíveis ao produtor que amenizam o estresse causado pela escassez de água, garantindo o potencial produtivo, cita-se a utilização de cultivares mais tolerantes ao déficit hídrico, o correto manejo do solo e adubação, a adequada inoculação, o tratamento das sementes, dentre outras. Palavra-chave: estresse hídrico, Glycine Max L., Mato Grosso. WATER DEFICIT ON THE SOYBEAN METABOLISM IN EARLY SOWINGS ABSTRACT The soybean crop is subject to climatic adversities during their cycle, this being variable according to its sowing date. In the Mato Grosso state early soybean planting is already held by some producers, they opt for this, aiming mainly to escape the most intense infections of soybean rust, the best scheduling of planting and harvesting, maximizing the use of machinery also due to better grain prices prevailing in the first soybeans harvest, and also benefits the off-season implementation (2nd season). The early sowing soybean plants subjected to water deficits at the beginning of their cycle, leading to the occurrence of small stature plants with short internodes and may lead to productivity loss. But there are technologies available to producers to alleviate stress, ensuring the productive potential and may cite the use of tolerant cultivars to water deficit, proper soil management and fertilization, proper inoculation, seed treatment, among others. Keywords: stress, Glycine max L, Mato Grosso. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v03n01a12
RESISTÊNCIA DE Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult.) Backer ex. K. Heynek TRATADO AO ATAQUE DE FUNGOS APODRECEDORES DE MADEIRA
Authors: Costa Alexandre Florian da , Silva Anna Cláudia da , Gouveia Fernando Nunes 
Published: July 2024

Foi avaliada a eficiência da espécie Dendrocalamus asper tratada por imersão simples com tetraborato de sódio decahidratado (Bórax) a 2, 3 e 4,7%, tribromofenato de sódio (TBF) a 2 e 4% e água à 100ºC (2 e 4 horas) submetida ao ataque dos fungos Trametes versicolor (podridão branca) e Gloeophyllum trabeum (podridão parda). O ataque dos fungos foi determinado de acordo com a norma ASTM D-2017 (2005). O tratamento com Bórax foi o mais eficiente, sendo classificado como altamente resistente ao ataque de ambos os fungos e concentrações testadas, não sendo observada diferença significativa entre as concentrações avaliadas. O tratamento com TBF foi classificado como resistente a ambos os fungos, e também não foi observada diferença significativa entre as concentrações avaliadas. O tratamento com água à 100oC foi o menos eficiente em ambos os períodos avaliados, com as amostras submetidas ao fungo de podridão branca classificadas como resistentes e as submetidas ao de podridão parda como pouco resistentes. As amostras não tratadas apresentaram uma perda de massa semelhante às tratadas com TBF, sendo classificadas como resistente a ambos os fungos apodrecedores. Palavras-chave: Bambu; Tetraborato de sódio decahidratado; Tribromofenato de sódio; Água quente. RESISTANCE OF Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schut.) Backer ex. K. Heynek TREATED AGAINST WOOD DECAYING FUNGI ABSTRACTThe efficiency of Dendrocalamus asper impregnated by simple immersion with sodium tetraborate decahydrate (Bórax) (2, 3 and 4.7%), sodium tribromophenate (TBF) (2 and 4%) and water 100ºC (2 and 4 hours), against Trametes versicolor (white rot) and Gloeophyllum trabeum (brown rot) fungi was evaluated. The wood decaying fungi was determined according to ASTM D-2017 standard. Treatment with Bórax was the most efficient being classified as highly resistant against both decaying fungi and concentrations evaluated, not being observed significant difference between concentrations evaluated. Treatment with TBF was classified as resistant against both fungi, and also no significant difference was observed between concentrations. Treatment with water at 100°C was the less efficient in both periods evaluated, with samples submitted against white rot fungus classified as resistant, and against brown rot as moderately resistant. The untreated samples showed a weight loss similar to those treated with TBF and are classified as resistant to both decay fungi. Keywords: Bamboo, Sodium tetraborate decahydrate, Sodium tribromophenate, Hot water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v03n02a07
COLORIMETRY AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF THREE AMAZON WOODS SUBMITTED TO NATURAL WEATHERING
Authors: Kerber Patrick Rogério , Stangerlin Diego Martins , Pariz Elisangela , De Melo Rafael Rodolfo , De Souza Adilson Pacheco , Calegari Leandro 
Published: July 2024

COLORIMETRIA E RUGOSIDADE SUPERFICIAL DE TRÊS MADEIRAS AMAZÔNICAS SUBMETIDAS AO INTEMPERISMO NATURAL This study aimed to evaluate the color and surface roughness of the wood of three Amazonian species submitted to natural weathering. For this purpose, samples of Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J. F. Macbr., Erisma uncinatum Warm and Parkia pendula (Willd.) Benth. ex Walp., with dimensions of 1 x 2 x 30 cm (thickness, width and length, respectively), were exposed to natural weathering without contact with the soil for 240 days. The colorimetric characterization was performed by means of a colorimeter, and the parameters were L*, a*, b*, C*, h and ∆E. The roughness was determined with the aid of a profilometer of surface roughness, and the parameters Ra, Rz and Rt were evaluated. The wood exposed to natural weathering presented darkened (grayish color) surface, resulting from the reduction of colorimetric parameters L*, a* and b*. The Parkia pendula wood presented the greatest total variation of color in comparison to Apuleia leiocarpa and Erisma uncinatum. The parameters Ra, Rz and Rt showed an increase during the time of exposure of the woods to the natural weathering, in which Erisma uncinatum wood presented the roughest surface in comparison to the other species.Palavras-chave: ensaio de campo, deterioração da madeira, madeira tropical, qualidade da madeira. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the color and surface roughness of the wood of three Amazonian species submitted to natural weathering. For this purpose, samples of Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J. F. Macbr., Erisma uncinatum Warm and Parkia pendula (Willd.) Benth. ex Walp., with dimensions of 1 x 2 x 30 cm (thickness, width and length, respectively), were exposed to natural weathering without contact with the soil for 240 days. The colorimetric characterization was performed by means of a colorimeter, and the parameters were L*, a*, b*, C*, h and ∆E. The roughness was determined with the aid of a profilometer of surface roughness, and the parameters Ra, Rz and Rt were evaluated. The wood exposed to natural weathering presented darkened (grayish color) surface, resulting from the reduction of colorimetric parameters L*, a* and b*. The Parkia pendula wood presented the greatest total variation of color in comparison to Apuleia leiocarpa and Erisma uncinatum. The parameters Ra, Rz and Rt showed an increase during the time of exposure of the woods to the natural weathering, in which Erisma uncinatum wood presented the roughest surface in comparison to the other species.Keywords: field trial, deterioration of wood, tropical wood, wood quality.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n05a06
CONTROLLED POLLINATION FOR HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION OF INTERSPECIFIC CAIAUÉ VS DENDÊ
Authors: Cysne Alex Queiroz , Lima Wanderlei Antônio Alves de , Krug Cristiane 
Published: July 2024

POLINIZAÇÃO CONTROLADA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE SEMENTES HÍBRIDAS INTERESPECÍFICAS DE CAIAUÉ VS DENDÊ O híbrido interespecífico caiaué vs dendê possui características superiores as quais podem ser exploradas comercialmente. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da quantidade de pólen, repetição de aplicação e períodos climáticos na produção de sementes híbridas entre essas espécies. Foram considerados neste experimento as variáveis período climático (seco e chuvoso), dosagem de pólen (15, 25, 40 e 62,5 mg) e repetibilidade da aplicação de pólen (uma e duas) em esquema fatorial com quatro repetições cada combinação. Observou-se diferença significativa na quantidade de sementes produzidas nos períodos climáticos efeito da quantidade de pólen aplicada e repetição da aplicação. Na estação chuvosa recomenda-se a aplicação de 15 mg de pólen sem repetição e na estação seca 40 mg de pólen com repetição da aplicação. Palavras-chave: Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis oleifera, palmeiras, pólen. ABSTRACTThe interspecific hybrid caiaué vs dendê has superior characteristics that can be exploited commercially. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of the amount of pollen, reapplication and climatic periods in the production of hybrid seeds of these species. The variables considered in this experiment were climatic season (dry and wet), pollen dosage (15, 25, 40 and 62.5 mg) and repeatability of pollen application (one and two repetitions) in a factorial design with four replications of each combination. There was a significant difference in the amount of seed produced in climatic seasons as an effect of the amount of pollen applied and reapplication. In the rainy season, it is recommended the use of 15 mg of pollen without repetition and in the dry season, 40 mg of pollen with repetition. Keywords: Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis oleifera, palm trees, pollen. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n06a11