bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Short‐Term Parental Education Program on Childhood Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Futamura Masaki , Masuko Ikuyo , Hayashi Keiichi , Ohya Yukihiro , Ito Komei 
Published: March 2013

AbstractParental education is important in managing childhood atopic dermatitis (AD). We evaluated the long‐term effects of a 2‐day parental education program (PEP) on childhood AD. In an investigator‐blinded, randomized controlled trial, 59 children age 6 months to 6 years with moderate to severe AD and their mothers were recruited in Japan. Participants were given a booklet about AD and received conventional treatment alone or in combination with a 2‐day PEP comprising three lectures, three practical sessions, and a group discussion. The primary outcome was evaluation of eczema severity using SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in symptom scores, amount of corticosteroid used, parental quality of life as determined according to the Dermatitis Family Impact questionnaire, and change in parental anxiety regarding the use of corticosteroids in their children. Participants in the PEP group had a significantly lower SCORAD score than those in the control group at 6 months (mean difference 10.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3–17.7, p = 0.01) and objective SCORAD score (mean difference 7.1, 95% CI = 0.8–13.5, p = 0.03). The sleeplessness symptom score (mean difference 1.6, 95% CI = 0.0–3.1, p = 0.048) and corticosteroid anxiety score (p = 0.02) in the PEP group were significantly better than in the control group at 6 months. There was no significant difference between groups in the amount of corticosteroid used or quality of life. The PEP had positive long‐term effects on eczema severity and parental anxiety about corticosteroid usage.
Health care Needs of Women Immediately Post‐Incarceration: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Colbert Alison M. , Sekula L. Kathleen , Zoucha Rick , Cohen Susan M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective(s)This study examined the health status of women with a recent history of incarceration and explored if/how women were accessing health care resources at the time immediately following release.Design and SampleThis mixed methods study utilized two phases: (1) a quantitative survey; and (2) qualitative interviewing. Thirty‐four women (18 years of age and older, released from incarceration in the last 12 months) participated in the quantitative phase; 11 of those completed the qualitative interviews.MeasuresIn phase 1, data were collected on demographics, health history, health status, and health‐promoting behaviors. In the second phase, semi‐structured interviews were used.ResultsWomen in the study reported below average health status compared with the general population. The major health issues identified by participants included specific health problems affected by incarceration, mental health needs, routine health promotion and maintenance, recovery from substance abuse as a major health concern, and social and environmental barriers to care.ConclusionsWomen leaving jail or prison have significant and complex health care needs. This period of transition appears to be an opportune time to offer support, services, and other health‐promoting interventions.
Risk of acute postoperative hypertension after topical photodynamic therapy for non‐melanoma skin cancer
Authors: Borroni Riccardo G. , Carugno Andrea , Rivetti Nicolò , Arbustini Eloisa , Brazzelli Valeria 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundTopical photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL‐PDT) is a non‐surgical treatment for actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease and basal cell carcinoma. MAL‐PDT is particularly useful in elderly patients, who often present co‐morbidities and/or in whom surgical excision could be contraindicated. MAL‐PDT is generally well tolerated; the most frequent acute adverse events include pain and burning sensation localized to the treatment area. We describe our observation of the occurrence of acute postoperative hypertension (APH) and hypertensive crisis, after a MAL‐PDT.MethodsBP measurement was taken twice at 2‐min intervals, both before and shortly after the MAL‐PDT session. APH was defined as an increase in systolic BP by more than 20% or an increase in diastolic BP to above 110 mmHg. Hypertensive crisis was defined as a systolic BP ≥ 180 mmHg or a diastolic BP ≥ 110 mmHg, with or without acute target organ involvement.ResultsPrevalence of post‐MAL‐PDT APH was 22%; 11% of patients developed hypertensive crisis after MAL‐PDT, requiring immediate treatment.ConclusionWe highlight the importance of blood pressure measurement both before and after MAL‐PDT session to identify high‐risk patients and to prevent potentially severe organ involvement subsequent to hypertensive crisis.
Pentachrome vitiligo in a segmental pattern
Authors: Zhang Ru‐Zhi , Zhu Wen‐Yuan 
Published: March 2013

SummaryWe describe a 22‐year‐old male with a pigmentary disorder that first appeared when he was 5 years of age. Examination revealed that these lesions were distributed in a segmental pattern on the left side of his trunk. Five shades of colors – white, tan, medium brown, dark brown, and black – were present. The patient told us there had been no preceding inflammation in the affected areas. A biopsy specimen from the inguinal region showed a complete absence of melanocytes, whereas most of the hyperpigmented areas were characterized by increased amounts of epidermal pigment and numbers of melanocytes. Based on the clinical appearance, pentachrome vitiligo in a segmental type was diagnosed.
Two cases of eczematid‐like purpura of Doucas and Kapetanakis responsive to narrow band ultraviolet B treatment
Authors: Karadag Ayse Serap , Bilgili Serap Gunes , Onder Sevda , Calka Omer 
Published: March 2013

SummaryEczematid‐like purpura of Doucas and Kapetanakis is a type of pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPDs) with eczematous changes in the purpuric surface. A 10‐year‐old male and a 44‐year‐old male patients were admitted to our clinics for itching and flaking of the skin rashes. Based on the clinical and histopathological evaluations, the rashes were identified as eczematid‐like PPDs of Doucas and Kapetanakis. Both patients were treated with narrow band ultraviolet B. The lesions were remarkably regressed following the treatment. These cases reported due its rarity and good response to narrow band ultraviolet B.
Is non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis a predisposing factor to porphyria cutanea tarda?
Authors: Ergen Elizabeth N. , Seidler Elizabeth , Parekh Samir , Parker Sareeta R. S. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryPorphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a disease caused by a deficiency of the fifth enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway in the liver that manifests in the skin as blistering and fragility of predominantly sun‐exposed skin. It occurs in individuals with environmental and/or genetic risk factors such as estrogen use, hepatitis C infection and hemochromatosis gene mutations. This report highlights a case of PCT which manifested in an individual with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis; NASH). We propose that NASH may have been a contributing factor for the development of PCT in our patient.
Maternal Stress/Distress, Hormonal Pathways and Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Authors: Kramer Michael S. , Lydon John , Goulet Lise , Kahn Susan , Dahhou Mourad , Platt Robert W. , Sharma Shakti , Meaney Michael J. , Séguin Louise 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough second‐trimester blood corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) levels are robustly associated with preterm birth, the findings with respect to cortisol have been inconsistent, as have been those relating stress hormones to measured stressors and maternal distress.MethodsWe measured plasma CRH, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, cortisol‐binding globulin, oestradiol and progesterone at 24–26 weeks in a nested case–control study of 206 women who experienced spontaneous preterm birth and 442 term controls. We also related the hormonal levels to measures of environmental stressors, perceived stress and maternal distress (also assessed at 24–26 weeks) and to placental histopathology.ResultsWith the exception of an unexpectedly low oestradiol : progesterone ratio among cases (adjusted odds ratio = 0.5 [95% confidence interval 0.3, 0.8] for ratios above the median in controls), none of the hormonal measures was independently associated with spontaneous preterm birth; placental histopathological evidence of infection/inflammation, infarction or decidual vasculopathy; or measures of maternal stress or distress. CRH levels were positively associated with cortisol, but not with ACTH, whereas ACTH was also positively associated with cortisol.ConclusionsOur findings suggest an intact pituitary–adrenal axis and confirm the positive feedback effect of cortisol on (placental) CRH. Neither of these hormonal pathways, however, was strongly linked to maternal stress/distress or to the risk of spontaneous preterm birth.
Funding Global Public Goods: The Dark Side of Multilateralism
Authors: Bayer Patrick , Urpelainen Johannes 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe funding of global public goods, such as climate mitigation, presents a complex strategic problem. Potential recipients demand side payments for implementing projects that furnish global public goods, and donors can cooperate to provide the funding. We offer a game‐theoretic analysis of this problem. In our model, a recipient demands project funding. Donors can form a multilateral program to jointly fund the project. If no program is formed, bilateral funding remains a possibility. We find that donors rely on multilateralism if their preferences are relatively symmetric and domestic political constraints on funding are lax. In this case, the recipient secures large rents from project implementation. Thus, even donors with strong interests in global public good provision have incentives to oppose institutional arrangements that promote multilateral funding. These incentives have played an important role in multilateral negotiations on climate finance, especially in Cancun (2010) and Durban (2011).
A Review of Systematic Reviews of the Effectiveness of Conservative Interventions for Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Authors: Littlewood Chris , May Stephen , Walters Stephen 
Published: March 2013

Background Rotator cuff tendinopathy is common and a wide range of conservative interventions are currently used to treat this problem. The purpose of this review is to systematically review the systematic reviews that evaluate the effectiveness of conservative interventions for rotator cuff tendinopathy. Methods An electronic search of PEDro, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library was undertaken and supplemented by hand and citation searching. The AMSTAR checklist was adopted for quality appraisal and a narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results Twenty-six systematic reviews were retrieved. Methodological quality was variable. Exercise and multimodal physiotherapy appear to confer superior outcomes over no treatment or placebo, although the clinical significance of these results remains unclear. Surgery does not confer an additional benefit over exercise alone or multimodal physiotherapy. Combining manual therapy with exercise is not currently supported, neither is the use of corticosteroid injections or acupuncture. Other commonly prescribed interventions lack evidence of effectiveness. Conclusions Exercise and multimodal physiotherapy might be effective interventions for rotator cuff tendinopathy, although the clinical significance of this effect is unclear. This interpretation is drawn from systematic reviews comprising mainly small randomized controlled trials that frequently measure outcome in a heterogeneous manner, limiting the strength of any conclusions.
Party Government and Variation in Corporate Influence on Agency Decision Making: OSHA Regulation, 1981–2006
Authors: Witko Christopher 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo understand how changes in the partisan control of the institutions of government may condition the effect of corporate political activities on bureaucratic decision making.MethodsI examine the variation in the effectiveness of corporate political expenditures in reducing workplace safety (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) violations across partisan contexts between 1981 and 2006 for a large number of corporations.ResultsCorporate expenditures have a greater suppressant effect on workplace safety violations (but not inspections) when the Republicans control the Congress or presidency.ConclusionsCorporations are able to influence bureaucratic decision making, but bureaucrats balance the demands of corporations against those of other party constituencies and their political principals. Thus, the partisan control of government importantly conditions corporate influence in the bureaucracy.
PLEASE: a simple model to determine P losses by leaching
Authors: Schoumans O. F. , Van der Salm C. , Groenendijk P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNon‐point phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural land to streams is caused mainly by overland flow and leaching. In many countries P‐index methods are used to identify areas at risk of P loss to streams. In flat areas with shallow groundwater levels, where losses by leaching are important, these index methods have their limitations as leaching is often not described in detail. This study presents a simple model to predict P loss by leaching at the field scale. This model called Phosphorus LEAching from Soils to the Environment (PLEASE) is based on the well‐known kinetics of P in soils and lateral water flux from soils to surface waters. PLEASE was applied using readily available information to a small catchment; and a sensitivity analysis and comparison with two soil P indicators were carried out (soil P test and the phosphate saturation degree). The model predicted a total P load of 4187 kg P in the Schuitenbeek catchment. The result was also a predicted P discharge at the catchment outlet of 2973 kg P corrected by independent assessment of P retention in streams in the catchment (29%). This is comparable to the measured outflow (2770 kg P). The calculated P losses by leaching are highly sensitive to the soil Langmuir parameters, which means that it is important to determine the adsorption isotherm to obtain reliable estimated losses. The PLEASE approach has particular value compared to other soil P indicators for estimating actual P losses by leaching from agricultural land to surface water. These results suggest that PLEASE is a promising method for quantifying differences in P loss by leaching between fields within a catchment.
The implication of transfer faults in foreland basin evolution: application on Pindos foreland basin, West Peloponnesus, Greece
Authors: Konstantopoulos Panagiotis A. , Maravelis Angelos G. , Zelilidis Avraam 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPindos foreland basin in west Peloponnesus (Tritea, Hrisovitsi and Finikounda sub‐basins) during Late Eocene to Early Oligocene was an underfilled foreland basin. The basin's geometry was affected by the presence of internal thrusting and transfer faults, causing changes in depth and width. Due to internal thrusting, the foreland basin changed through time from a uniform to non‐uniform configuration, whereas transfer faults have an intensive impact on depositional environments within the basin. Internal thrusting (Gavrovo, internal and middle Ionian thrusts) activated synchronously with the major Pindos Thrust, creating intrabasinal highs that influenced palaeocurrent directions. The transfer faults cross‐cut the intrabasinal highs and produced low relief areas that act as pathways for sediment distribution. The sediments are thicker and sandstone‐rich on the downthrown sides of the transfer faults. In these areas, sandstone reservoirs could be produced. Such tectonically active areas constitute promise for oil and gas reservoirs and traps.
A Computational Modeling Approach on Three‐Digit Number Processing
Authors: Huber Stefan , Moeller Korbinian , Nuerk Hans‐Christoph , Willmes Klaus 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRecent findings indicate that the constituting digits of multi‐digit numbers are processed, decomposed into units, tens, and so on, rather than integrated into one entity. This is suggested by interfering effects of unit digit processing on two‐digit number comparison. In the present study, we extended the computational model for two‐digit number magnitude comparison of Moeller, Huber, Nuerk, and Willmes (2011a) to the case of three‐digit number comparison (e.g., 371_826). In a second step, we evaluated how hundred‐decade and hundred‐unit compatibility effects were moderated by varying the percentage of within‐hundred (e.g., 539_582) and within‐hundred‐and‐decade filler items (e.g., 483_489). From the results we predict that numerical distance as well as compatibility effects should indeed be modulated by the relevance of tens and units in three‐digit number magnitude comparison: While in particular the hundred distance effect should decrease, we predict hundred‐decade and hundred‐unit compatibility effects to increase with the relevance of tens and units.
Evaluation of histological grade and histologically tumour‐free margins as predictors of local recurrence in completely excised canine mast cell tumours
Authors: Donnelly L. , Mullin C. , Balko J. , Goldschmidt M. , Krick E. , Hume C. , Brown D. C. , Sorenmo K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCompleteness of mast cell tumour (MCT) excision is determined by assessment of histologically tumour‐free margins (HTFM). The HTFM width necessary to prevent local recurrence (LR), recognized as histologic safety margin (HSM) in human oncology, has not been defined. We hypothesized that HTFM width would correlate with risk for LR and high‐grade tumours would require wider HTFM than low‐grade tumours. Records of dogs with completely excised MCTs were included. Signalment, two‐tier tumour grade, tumour size, HTFM width, recurrence and therapy data was collected. High‐grade (n = 39) tumours were more likely to recur than low‐grade (n = 51) tumours (35.9% versus 3.9%), P < 0.0001, with no association between HTFM width and LR. Twenty‐nine percent of low‐grade tumours had HTFM less than 3 mm; none recurred. Narrow (≤3 mm) histologic margins are likely adequate to prevent LR of low‐grade tumours. High‐grade tumours have significant risk of LR regardless of HTFM width.
Peripartal alterations of calcitonin gene‐related peptide and minerals in dairy cows affected by milk fever
Authors: Zebeli Qendrim , Beitz Donald C. , Bradford Barry J. , Dunn Suzanna M. , Ametaj Burim N. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundMilk fever, a metabolic disease of dairy cattle, is associated with perturbations of calcium homeostasis, the pathogenesis of which is not yet completely understood.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate plasma concentrations of calcitonin gene‐related peptide and selected minerals and metabolites in periparturient cows with and without milk fever.MethodsPlasma concentrations of calcitonin gene‐related peptide, as well as calcium, phosphate, magnesium, iron, glucose, lactate, and cortisol, were determined in multiple plasma samples from Jersey cows with and without spontaneous milk fever.ResultsCows affected by milk fever (n = 5) had lower concentrations of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (P = .038) and inorganic phosphate (P < .001) in plasma than did the controls (n = 5). Also, these cows tended to have lower calcium concentrations (P = .071). Magnesium, iron, lactate, glucose, and cortisol concentrations were comparable between both groups of cows (P > .10). Around the day of calving, plasma concentrations of lactate, glucose, and cortisol increased and the concentration of iron decreased in all cows (P ≤ .01).ConclusionsDespite the limited number of cows evaluated, this report is the first to indicate lowered concentrations of calcitonin gene‐related peptide as part of the metabolic changes during milk fever in cows. Further work with a larger cohort of animals is warranted to understand the precise role of calcitonin gene‐related peptide and the potential associations with disturbances in plasma minerals typically observed during milk fever.
Familial renal disease in soft‐coated wheaten terriers
Authors: Vaden Shelly L. , Littman Meryl P. , Cianciolo Rachel E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo review what is known about the familial renal diseases in soft‐coated wheaten terriers (SCWT), provide an update in developments in this field including the relationship with protein‐losing nephropathy (PLN) and the potential association with protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE).Data SourcesInformation was derived from studies of dogs maintained in the North Carolina State University colony, information contained within an open registry of affected dogs, and data gathered from the general population of wheaten terriers at risk as well as studies performed on banked DNA samples from affected SCWT in the general population and normal geriatric dogs seen at the University of Pennsylvania (PennVet).Human Data SynthesisA two‐hit pathogenesis has been proposed in some types of human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, specifically the subset of cases that are associated with a podocytopathy. At risk podocytes may be predisposed to injury by disease processes that would be reversible in other patients.Veterinary Data SynthesisMutations were found in association with PLN in SCWT, indicating a podocytopathy that causes a change in glomerular permselectivity. This podocytopathy leads to the development of lesions resembling focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. There is also strong evidence supporting a high prevalence of food hypersensitivity reactions in SCWT, although it is unclear if these reactions have a primary or secondary role in the development of PLE. There are also suggestions of immunodysregulation in affected SCWT.ConclusionsPLN in SCWT is due to a podocytopathy. The cause of PLE has not been identified; however, it is possible that PLE develops from a functional‐structural abnormality in the intestines and food allergies develop as secondary phenomena. It is also possible that inflammatory events that are the result of either immunodysregulation or food allergies might lead to the development of PLE. In either case, PLE most likely exacerbates PLN in affected SCWT.