bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of papillary thyroid cancer surveillance
Authors: Wang Laura Y. , Roman Benjamin R. , Migliacci Jocelyn C. , Palmer Frank L. , Tuttle R. Michael , Shaha Ashok R. , Shah Jatin P. , Patel Snehal G. , Ganly Ian 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDThe recent overdiagnosis of subclinical, low‐risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) coincides with a growing national interest in cost‐effective health care practices. The aim of this study was to measure the relative cost‐effectiveness of disease surveillance of low‐risk PTC patients versus intermediate‐ and high‐risk patients in accordance with American Thyroid Association risk categories.METHODSTwo thousand nine hundred thirty‐two patients who underwent thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer between 2000 and 2010 were identified from the institutional database; 1845 patients were excluded because they had non‐PTC cancer, underwent less than total thyroidectomy, had a secondary cancer, or had <36 months of follow‐up. In total, 1087 were included for analysis. The numbers of postoperative blood tests, imaging scans and biopsies, clinician office visits, and recurrence events were recorded for the first 36 months of follow‐up. Costs of surveillance were determined with the Physician Fee Schedule and Clinical Lab Fee Schedule of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.RESULTSThe median age was 44 years (range, 7‐83 years). In the first 36 months after thyroidectomy, there were 3, 44, and 22 recurrences (0.8%, 7.8%, and 13.4%) in the low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk categories, respectively. The cost of surveillance for each recurrence detected was US $147,819, US $22,434, and US $20,680, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe cost to detect a recurrence in a low‐risk patient is more than 6 and 7 times greater than the cost for intermediate‐ and high‐risk PTC patients. It is difficult to justify this allocation of resources to the surveillance of low‐risk patients. Surveillance strategies for the low‐risk group should, therefore, be restructured. Cancer 2015;121:4132–4140. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Risk stratification of patients with chronic heart failure using cardiac iodine‐123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging: incremental prognostic value over right ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Tamaki Shunsuke , Yamada Takahisa , Morita Takashi , Furukawa Yoshio , Iwasaki Yusuke , Kawasaki Masato , Kikuchi Atsushi , Kondo Takumi , Kawai Tsutomu , Takahashi Satoshi , Ishimi Masashi , Hakui Hideyuki , Ozaki Tatsuhisa , Sato Yoshihiro , Seo Masahiro , Sakata Yasushi , Fukunami Masatake 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimsRight ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction has been shown to be an independent predictor of clinical outcome in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), and cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging also provides prognostic information. We aimed to evaluate the long‐term predictive value of combining RV systolic dysfunction and abnormal findings of cardiac MIBG imaging on outcome in CHF patients.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 63 CHF outpatients with left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) <40% in a prospective cohort study. At entry, RVEF was measured by radionuclide angiography. Furthermore, cardiac MIBG imaging was performed, and the cardiac MIBG washout rate (WR) was calculated. Reduced RVEF was defined as ≤37%, and abnormal WR was defined as >27%. The study endpoint was unplanned hospitalization for worsening heart failure (WHF) and cardiac death. During a follow‐up period of 8.9 ± 4.3 years, 19 of 63 patients had unplanned hospitalization for WHF, and 19 of 63 patients had cardiac death. In multivariate analysis, both WR and RVEF were independent predictors of unplanned WHF hospitalization, while WR was also an independent predictor of cardiac death. A risk‐stratification model based on independent predictors of unplanned WHF hospitalization separated the patients into those with low (absence of the predictors), intermediate (one of the predictors), and high (two or more of the predictors) risk of unplanned WHF hospitalization (P < 0.0001) or cardiac death (P = 0.0113).ConclusionsCardiac MIBG imaging provides incremental value when it is used along with RV systolic dysfunction to predict clinical outcome in patients with CHF.
Mixed‐Valent Selenium Ligands in the Uncharged Iridium Complexes [Ir4Se10Br16] and [Ir6Se8Cl30]
Authors: Stolze Karoline , Rasche Bertold , Ruck Michael 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe reaction of Ir with Se and SeBr4 at 200 °C yields shiny vermillion slate‐like crystals of the new compound Ir4Se10Br16. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed an orthorhombic unit cell, space group Pccn, with lattice parameters a = 1515.0(1) pm, b = 1534.4(1) pm, and c = 1514.5(1) pm at 296(1) K. The crystal structure consists of uncharged tetranuclear iridium complexes [Ir4Se10Br16] with C2 symmetry. In the [(Ir3+)4(μ4‐η2‐Se22–)2(μ‐ηSe‐[SeBr]–)2(ηSe‐SeBr2)4(μ‐Br–)2(Br–)4] complex, each of the iridium atoms is coordinated octahedrally by four selenium and two bromine atoms. Selenium adopts three different oxidation states: –I in the fourfold‐bonded diselenide dumbbell, ±0 in the bridging [SeBr]– unit, and +II in the terminal SeBr2 ligand. An analogous reaction with SeCl4 at 300 °C yields orange air‐stable crystals of Ir6Se8Cl30. The triclinic crystal structure [space group P$\bar {1}$, a = 891.2(1) pm, b = 1064.6(1) pm, c = 1263.0(1) pm, α = 94.458(3)°, β = 106.900(3)°, and γ = 101.410(3)° at 296(1) K] consists of uncharged hexanuclear iridium complexes with the structured formula [(Ir3+)6(μ‐ηSe‐[SeCl]–)2(ηSe‐SeCl2)6(μ‐Cl–)10(Cl–)6] and shows structural motifs similar to Ir4Se10Br16 and IrSeCl5. The triclinic structure of IrSeCl5 [P$\bar {1}$, a = 1223.4(1) pm, b = 1408.7(1) pm, c = 1499.5(1) pm, α = 115.72(1)°, β = 106.05(1)°, and γ = 96.38(1)° at 296(1) K] is homeotypic to monoclinic RhSCl5.
Forecasting Daily and Monthly Exchange Rates with Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Plakandaras Vasilios , Papadimitriou Theophilos , Gogas Periklis 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper we propose and test a forecasting model on monthly and daily spot prices of five selected exchange rates. In doing so, we combine a novel smoothing technique (initially applied in signal processing) with a variable selection methodology and two regression estimation methodologies from the field of machine learning (ML). After the decomposition of the original exchange rate series using an ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method into a smoothed and a fluctuation component, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) are used to select the most appropriate variable set from a large set of explanatory variables that we collected. The selected variables are then fed into two distinctive support vector machines (SVR) models that produce one‐period‐ahead forecasts for the two components. Neural networks (NN) are also considered as an alternative to SVR. The sum of the two forecast components is the final forecast of the proposed scheme. We show that the above implementation exhibits a superior in‐sample and out‐of‐sample forecasting ability when compared to alternative forecasting models. The empirical results provide evidence against the efficient market hypothesis for the selected foreign exchange markets. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing hippocampal development and language in early childhood: Evidence from a new application of the Automatic Segmentation Adapter Tool
Authors: Lee Joshua K. , Nordahl Christine W. , Amaral David G. , Lee Aaron , Solomon Marjorie , Ghetti Simona 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVolumetric assessments of the hippocampus and other brain structures during childhood provide useful indices of brain development and correlates of cognitive functioning in typically and atypically developing children. Automated methods such as FreeSurfer promise efficient and replicable segmentation, but may include errors which are avoided by trained manual tracers. A recently devised automated correction tool that uses a machine learning algorithm to remove systematic errors, the Automatic Segmentation Adapter Tool (ASAT), was capable of substantially improving the accuracy of FreeSurfer segmentations in an adult sample [Wang et al., 2011], but the utility of ASAT has not been examined in pediatric samples. In Study 1, the validity of FreeSurfer and ASAT corrected hippocampal segmentations were examined in 20 typically developing children and 20 children with autism spectrum disorder aged 2 and 3 years. We showed that while neither FreeSurfer nor ASAT accuracy differed by disorder or age, the accuracy of ASAT corrected segmentations were substantially better than FreeSurfer segmentations in every case, using as few as 10 training examples. In Study 2, we applied ASAT to 89 typically developing children aged 2 to 4 years to examine relations between hippocampal volume, age, sex, and expressive language. Girls had smaller hippocampi overall, and in left hippocampus this difference was larger in older than younger girls. Expressive language ability was greater in older children, and this difference was larger in those with larger hippocampi, bilaterally. Overall, this research shows that ASAT is highly reliable and useful to examinations relating behavior to hippocampal structure. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4483–4496, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiotoxin III Inhibits Hepatocyte Growth Factor‐Induced Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition and Suppresses Invasion of MDA‐MB‐231 Cells
Authors: Tsai Pei‐Chien , Fu Yaw‐Syan , Chang Long‐Sen , Lin Shinne‐Ren 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the first step required for breast cancer to initiate metastasis. In this study, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was used as a metastatic inducer of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Cardiotoxin III (CTX III) inhibited HGF‐induced morphological changes and upregulation of E‐cadherin with the concomitant decrease in N‐cadherin and Vimentin protein levels, resulting in inhibition of cell migration and invasion. CTX III‐induced downregulation of transcription factors, Snail, Twist, and Slug, in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. CTX III suppressed c‐Met phosphorylation and downstream activation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. The c‐Met specific inhibitor PHA665752 attenuated ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, cell migration and invasion, as well as the expressional changes of EMT markers induced by HGF. Taken together, our data suggest that CTX III suppresses HGF/c‐Met‐induced cell migration and invasion by reversing EMT, which involves the inactivation of the HGF/c‐Met‐mediated ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways in MDA‐MB‐231 cells.
In vitro sliding‐driven morphological changes in representative esthetic NiTi archwire surfaces
Authors: Choi Samjin , Park Dong‐Jin , Kim Kyung‐A , Park Ki‐Ho , Park Hun‐Kuk , Park Young‐Guk 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study investigated the effects of sliding on the ultrastructure of three representative esthetic superelastic 0.014 inch nickel‐titanium (NiTi) archwires. Methods: Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy were used to estimate the surface roughness of archwires and bracket systems. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy was used to estimate the molecular differences between coated and uncoated areas. A combination of four different types of 0.014 inch metallic wires and two different types of 0.022 inch × 0.028 inch conventional brackets were evaluated by in vitro sliding tests using a novel self‐made tensile‐strength tester with a miniature load cell and syringe pump. The NiTi wires included an uncoated NiTi archwire (CO group), epoxy resin‐coated NiTi archwire (ER group), Teflon®‐coated NiTi archwire (TF group), and Ag/biopolymer‐coated NiTi archwire (AG group). The brackets included contained stainless steel (SS) and ceramic (CE) brackets. Results: Both ER and TF wire groups exhibited less surface roughness than CO wire groups. The AG group showed the highest surface roughness compared with the others because of its silver particles (P<0.001, ANOVA test). In vitro sliding tests led to a significant increase (P < 0.001, ANOVA test) in the surface roughness of all 0.014 inch NiTi wires regardless of bracket type. The wire groups combined with SS brackets were rougher than those of CE brackets regardless of the coating materials because of exfoliation of the coating materials. The TF‐SS group showed the highest increase (fivefold) in surface roughness compared to the others, while the ER groups showed the lowest increase (1.4‐fold) in surface roughness compared with the others (P < 0.001, ANOVA test). Conclusions: The results suggested that the sliding‐driven surface roughness of superelastic NiTi archwires is directly affected by coating materials. Although the efficiency of orthodontic treatment was affected by various factors, epoxy resin‐coated archwires were best for both esthetics and tooth movement when only considering surface roughness. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:926–934, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increasing microscopy resolution with photobleaching and intensity cumulant analysis
Authors: Brutkowski Wojtek , Dziob Daniel , Bernas Tytus 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSuper‐resolution fluorescence microscopy and its applications for analysis of biological structures are evolving rapidly field. A number of approaches aimed at overcoming the fundamental limit imposed by diffraction have been proposed in recent years. Here we present a modification of super‐resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI), a technique based on spatio‐temporal evaluation of the optical signal from independently fluctuating emitters. Instead of rapid, reversible photoswitching, photobleaching is used to produce irreversible transitions between emitting and nonemitting states of the fluorochrome molecules. Simulated images are used to demonstrate that, in the absence of noise, the proposed SOFI modification increases the efficiency of transfer of high spatial frequencies in a fluorescence microscope. Correspondingly, a decrease of the point spread function (PSF) width is obtained. Moreover, the modified SOFI algorithm is capable of resolving point emitters in the presence of simulated noise. Using real biological images we demonstrate that an increase of resolution is obtained in 2D optical sections through densely packed chromatin in cell nuclei and lamin layer at the nuclear envelope. Finally, the approach is extended to 3D wide‐field microscopy, allowing reduction of out‐of‐focus image blurring. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:958–968, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of in‐office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide with and without addition of calcium on the enamel surface
Authors: Quintela Souza de Moraes Izadora , Nunes de Brito Silva Lucas , Celerino de Moraes Porto Isabel Cristina , de Lima Neto Cantídio Francisco , Barbosa Dos Santos Natanael , Silveira de Mendonça Fragoso Larissa 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate effectiveness and effects of bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide with and without calcium on color, micromorphology, and the replacement of calcium and phosphate on the enamel surface. Thirty bovine enamel blocks (5.0 × 5.0 mm) were placed into the following groups: G1: artificial saliva (control); G2: 35% hydrogen peroxide gel without calcium (Whiteness HP Maxx–FGM); and G3: 35% hydrogen peroxide gel with calcium (Whiteness HP Blue–FGM). Three color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer: untreated (baseline), after performing staining, and after application of bleaching agents. Calcium deposition on the enamel was evaluated before and after the application of bleaching agents using energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. The enamel surface micromorphology was observed under scanning electron microscopy. The pH of each product was measured. The data were subjected to one‐factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), and any differences were analyzed using Tukey's test (P < 0.05). G3 showed greater variation in total color after the experiment than G2 and G1; there was no significant difference in calcium or phosphorus concentration before and after the experimental procedures; morphological changes were observed only in G2 and G3; and the pH values of the Whiteness HP Maxx and Whiteness HP Blue bleaching agents were 5.77 and 7.79, respectively. The 35% hydrogen peroxide with calcium showed greater bleaching potential, but the addition of calcium had no effect in terms of reducing morphological changes or increasing the calcium concentration on the enamel surface. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:975–981, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymorphisms at IL28B gene as predictors of viral relapse in genotype 4 Egyptian hepatitis C patients
Authors: Esmail Mona Abdelmonem , Hassuna Noha A. , Amr Khalda Sayed , Ghazawy Eman Ramadan , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed 
Published: August 2015

AbstractChronic HCV is one of the commonest causes of chronic liver disease worldwide with about 15% of population infected in Egypt. Certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) lying near the IL28B gene were found to affect the spontaneous clearance as well as treatment outcome of HCV. To examine the association between different IL28B variants and the relapse of HCV infection after combined therapy with ribavirin and pegylated interferon (pegIFN). Hundered HCV genotype four patients received 1.5 mg/kg/week peginterferon alfa‐2b plus 800–1400 mg/d ribavirin (weight‐adjusted) for 48 weeks. IL28B polymorphisms (rs12980275, rs12979860, and 1 rs8099917) were studied in responders and relapsers at week 72. Out of 69 patients receiving treatment, 13 (18.8%) were relapsers. By stratifying patients on the basis of the IL‐28/60 genotype (CC vs. CT/TT), CC patients showed lower relapse rates (2.3%) compared with CT/TT patients (46.2%) (P < 0.001). On the basis of the IL‐28/75 genotype (GG vs. GA/AA), the GG patients achieved higher relapse rates (62.5%) compared with GA/AA patients (13.1%) (P = 0.004). Moreover, no statistical significant difference was observed between the TT patients compared with GG/GT patients on the basis of the IL‐28/17 genotype. SNPs at IL‐28/60 and IL‐28/75 are possible predictors of relapse in patients receiving dual treatment. J. Med. Virol. 88:481–486, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visual rhythm for particle analysis in sample‐in‐flow systems: Application for continuous plankton monitoring
Authors: Matuszewski Damian J. , Cesar Roberto M. , Strickler J. Rudi , Baldasso Luis F. , Lopes Rubens M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPlanktonic organisms are important components of aquatic ecosystems and there is a growing interest in their exploitation for industrial purposes, such as in biofuel production using microalgae as a biomass source. The evaluation of plankton composition and abundance usually relies on time‐consuming microscopic analysis. However, automatic imaging systems are becoming increasingly available to perform such tasks. Here we present a novel method based on the visual rhythm (VR) approach to detect particles in fluidic systems through imaging techniques. It was tested on large datasets of plankton images and its performance was compared to a traditional frame‐by‐frame (FBF) approach. Performed tests demonstrated that the VR‐based approach is faster and much more precise for plankton detection and segmentation (accuracy above 96% and precision above 95%), while having the same accuracy as the FBF method. Although designed for continuous monitoring of plankton samples, the method can be easily adapted to different applications in which targets to be detected and identified move in a unidirectional flow.
Conceptualizing a Research Paradigm for Multi‐Objective Modelling in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Oral Muhittin , Kettani Ossama 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe primary objective of this paper is to offer a particular research paradigm framework that takes into consideration ontological, epistemological, methodological and axiological assumptions for a more meaningful and comprehensive research activities while using multi‐objective modelling approach in supply chain management (SCM) studies. However, the emphasis will be more on the implications of four ontological level definitions for multi‐objective modelling in SCM research through a concept called ‘inclusiveness’. Such a particular research paradigm framework helps SCM researchers broaden their research problem definitions and enhance their multi‐objective modelling process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of solvent additives on bulk heterojunction morphology of organic photovoltaics and their impact on device performance
Authors: Choi Won Tae , Song Jiyun , Ko Jongkuk , Jang Yeongseon , Kim Tae‐Hwan , Han Young‐Soo , Lim Jeewoo , Lee Changhee , Char Kookheon 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTMorphology of the active layer in an organic photovoltaic (OPV) device is known to have a significant impact on the device performance. It is, however, difficult to characterize nanoscale morphologies in detail, especially at the ensemble level. Herein, we report the utilization of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to investigate variations in the nanoscale morphologies of the active layer of poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) bulk heterojunction OPV depending on the composition of casting solvent. Both the power law and the poly hard sphere model were utilized to characterize the state of the donor and acceptor components, respectively, from the obtained SANS data. Furthermore, the relationship between the nanoscale morphology and device performance is outlined. It was found that the use of 2‐chlorophenol, a poor solvent for P3HT and, at the same time, a very good solvent for PCBM, leads to nanomorphology featuring ordered, highly crystalline P3HT and small (15.2 nm) PCBM domains. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 128–134
Influence of sintering temperature on microstructures and energy‐storage properties of barium strontium titanate glass‐ceramics prepared by sol–gel process
Authors: Zhu Jia , Zhang Yong , Song Xiaozhen , Zhang Qian , Yang Dongliang , Chen Yongzhou 
Published: August 2015

The sol–gel processing, microstructures, dielectric properties and energy‐storage properties of barium strontium titanate glass‐ceramics over the sintering temperature range of 1000–1150 °C were studied. Through the X‐ray diffraction result, it is revealed that the crystallinity increases as the sintering temperature increased from 1000 to 1080 °C and has reached a steady‐state regime above 1100 °C. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that with the increase of sintering temperature, the crystal size increased. Dielectric measurements revealed that the increase in the sintering temperature resulted in a significant increase in the dielectric constant, a strong sharpness of the temperature‐dependent dielectric response and a pronounced decrease of the temperature of the dielectric maximum. The correlation between charge spreading behavior and activation energies of crystal and glass was discussed by the employment of the impedance spectroscopy studies. As a result of polarization‐electric field hysteresis loops, both the charged and discharged densities increased with increasing sintering temperature. And the maximum value of energy storage efficiency was found to occur at 1130 °C. Finally, the dependence of released energy and power densities calculated from the discharged current–time (I–t) curves on the sintering temperature was studied. The relationship between the energy storage properties and microstructure was correlated.Polarization–electric field hysteresis loops for the BST glass‐ceramics sintered at different temperatures.