bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Blood Glucose Level and Severity of Periodontitis in Patients attended the Outpatient Periodontics Clinic of College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hossain Md Zahid , Fageeh Hammam I , Gader Fadul A , Saleem M Yunis 
Published: October 2012

Aims: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed involving 30 patients who attended the College of Dentistry outpatient Periodontics clinic of King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period of 12th March -12th May, 2011. Methods: Clinical data were recorded from the randomly selected 30 patients where periodontitis was indexed after Loe H: J Periodontol 38 (suppl):610, 1967 and modified from Russel AL: J Dent Res 35:350, 1956. Diabetic conditions were determined by 2 separate fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels determinations [100~125 mg/dL at 8 hours fasting] and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) [140~199 mg/dL at 2 hours after 75-g glucose load]. Results: Among 30 patients, mean age 33}7 (range 18~54) years, males 70% and females 30% were divided into three groups: i) 10 periodontitis patients having diabetes mellitus (DM), ii) 10 non-diabetic periodontitis patients and iii) 10 patients were not suffering from periodontitis or DM as a control group. Results revealed that patients having diabetes had more moderate to severe forms of periodontitis 50% (p<0.05) including type 2 (80%) than type1 (20%) DM, (p<0.05). Similarly, 80% of the periodontitis patients were found suffering from moderate to severe forms of periodontitis (p<0.05) in uncontrolled group (20%) of DM patients. Conclusion: The present study proved a clear relationship with the patients having diabetes and periodontitis including severity of the diseases and glycemic control. Using these results, a greater effort can be made in providing periodontal as well as overall health to the population of at or around of Abha city of Saudi Arabia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v9i2.12313 City Dental College J. Volume-9, Number-2, July-2012
Correlation between Maxillary Canines and Facial Anatomical Landmarks in a Group of Bangladeshi people
Authors: Hossain Sharafat , Islam Kazi Ziaul , Islam KM Mohidul 
Published: October 2012

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between maxillary canines and the facial landmarks including interalar width (IAW) and intercommissural width (ICoW) in a group of Bangladeshi people. Materials and methods: One hundred Bangladeshi subjects aged 18~35 years were selected. Irreversible hydrocolloid impression of the upper arch was taken and a cast was poured with dental stone.The interalar width (IAW) and intercommissural width (ICoW) were measured using digital vernier caliper. Intercanine tip (ICTW) and width of the distal surface of the canine (WDC) were measured from the cast using digital caliper. Results: The correlation between ICTW-IAW was 0.246. There was no correlation between ICTW-ICoW. The correlation between WDCIAW and WDC-ICoW were 0.342 and 0.235 respectively (p< .05). Conclusion: Both interalar width and intercommissural width had a weak correlation with the position of maxillary canine in this Bangladeshi subject group. For the construction of a pleasing and harmonious complete denture esthetic and phonetic outcomes are recommended to be considered in combination with facial landmarks. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v9i2.12315 City Dental College J. Volume-9, Number-2, July-2012
An introduction to the theological politico-ethical thinking of Koos Vorster
Authors: Van Wyk Jan H. , Vorster Nico 
Published: October 2012

Koos Vorster had a productive career as theologian and published on a wide variety of subjects. However, he will especially be remembered for his contribution to political and social ethics. This article discussed his theological politico-ethical thinking. Firstly, this article examined his epistemology, with special reference to his revelational-historical approach, his hermeneutics, preference of deontological ethics and his renouncement of ethical absolutism, which characterises fundamentalist approaches to ethics. Secondly, it examined his views on Apartheid and the ‘struggle’ in the 1970s and 1980s. Vorster renounced Apartheid and pleaded for non-violent change brought about by an evangelical change of hearts and attitude that had to be accompanied with real efforts to address poverty and unjust structures. Finally, the article discussed his views on human dignity, human rights and relations between the state and religion, as well as his views on society and economics.‘n Inleiding tot die teologiese, politieke en etiese denke van Koos Vorster. Koos Vorster het ‘n besonderse produktiewe en vrugbare akademiese loopbaan gehad en oor ‘n verskeidenheid van onderwerpe gepubliseer. Hy sal egter veral onthou word vir sy bydrae tot politieke en sosiale etiek. Hierdie artikel ondersoek die teologies-polities etiese denke van Koos Vorster. Die eerste deel bespreek sy epistemologiese uitgangspunte, waaronder sy omvattende openbarings-historiese benadering, sy hermeneutiek, voorliefde vir ‘n deontologiese etiek, en sy afwysing van etiese absolutisme soos veral vergestalt in fundamentalistiese benaderings tot die etiek. Die tweede deel bespreek sy houding teenoor Apartheid en die ‘struggle’ in die 1970s en 1980s. Vorster het die vergrype van Apartheid geïdentifiseer en aangespreek, maar terselfdertyd geweldadige verset verwerp, en ‘n evangeliese verandering van gesindhede bepleit wat gepaard gaan met die opheffing van onderdrukte gemeenskappe en ontbinding van onregverdige strukture. Die laaste deel van die artikel bespreek Vorster se sienings oor menswaardigheid, menseregte, die verhouding tussen kerk en godsdiens, asook sy siening oor die samelewing en die ekonomie.
Gaining Feedback from People with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Ball Jo , Shanks Andrew 
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Person-centred approaches and service user involvement are integral to occupational therapy, but evidence is lacking about how occupational therapists working in the field of learning disabilities gather feedback from service users. Method: This research aimed to explore how members of the College of Occupational Therapists Specialist Section — People with Learning Disabilities gathered feedback from their service users. Questionnaires were completed by 70 occupational therapists and 12 of them participated in semi-structured interviews. Findings: The occupational therapists were passionate about service user feedback, but they were likely to use informal methods rather than established methods with a more robust evidence base. Despite research indicating greater potential for bias when asking people with learning disabilities for feedback, almost half the participants did not take measures to reduce this. The interviews suggest that this is due to service pressures, lack of confidence and the complexity of service users' needs. Conclusion: Occupational therapists need to do more to gain feedback from people with learning disabilities. Further research is required to establish the most effective way of doing this.
Estimating Risk Attitudes in Conventional and Artefactual Lab Experiments: The Importance of the Underlying Assumptions
Authors: Drichoutis Andreas C. , Koundouri Phoebe 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In this paper we assess the importance of sample type in the estimation of risk preferences. We elicit and compare risk preferences from student subjects and subjects drawn from the general population, using the multiple price list method devised by Holt and Laury in their paper Risk Aversion and Incentive Effects (2002). We find evidence suggesting that under rank dependent utility, students exhibit approximately risk neutral preferences while subjects drawn from the general population exhibit risk loving preferences. However, when we assume an incorrect characterization of risk preferences, in particular we adopt the framework of expected utility theory, our estimation results lead to erroneous inferences. In this case, students are on average risk averse, while subjects drawn from the general population exhibit risk neutrality. Our results have implications for economic policy making under uncertainty.
Analysis of impedance measurements of a suspension of microcapsules using a variable length impedance measurement cell
Authors: Križaj Dejan , Pečar Borut 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Electrical impedance measurements of a suspension have to take into account the double layer impedance that results from a very thin charged layer formed at the electrode-electrolyte interface. A dedicated measuring cell that enables variation of the distance between the electrodes was developed to investigate the electrical properties of suspensions using two-electrode impedance measurements. By varying the distance between the electrodes it is possible to separate the double layer and the suspension impedance from the measured data. Electrical ‘lumped’ models have been developed from measured and extracted impedances. The error of non-inclusion of the double layer impedance has been analyzed. The error depends on the frequency of the measurement as well as the distance between the electrodes.
Spectrophotometric and Stability–Indicating High–Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determinations of Terbutaline Sulfate
Authors: Hashem Hisham A , Elmasry Manal S , Hassan Wafaa E , Tründelberg Clemens , Jira Thomas 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Spectrophotometric and stability-indicating HPLC procedures are described for determination of terbutaline sulfate in bulk powder and dosage form. The first procedure is based on diazo coupling of the phenolic groups of terbutaline sulfate with fast red B salt in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The colored compound developed in alkaline medium was measured at 475 nm. Different variables affecting the reaction were studied. Beer's Law is obeyed in the concentration range of 1–6 μg/mL. In the HPLC procedure, the separation was carried out on a Caltrex® AIII column, a relatively new packing material consisting of silica-bonded calix[8] arene, using an isocratic binary mobile phase, acetonitrile–ammonium acetate (50 + 50, v/v), at pH 6.2. A diode array detector was used at 280 nm. The method was validated for system suitability, linearity, precision, LOD, LOQ, specificity, stability, and robustness. The LOD and LOQ were 0.196 and 0.781 μg/mL, respectively. The recovery values of this method were between 98 and 102%, and the reproducibility was within 0.92%. Statistical comparison of the results obtained from the analysis of the studied drug to those of the official British Pharmacopoeia (2007) method using t- and F-tests showed no significant difference between them.
Quantification of Chlorogenic Acid and Hyperoside Directly from Crude Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Leaf Extract by NMR Spectroscopy Analysis: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Hicks Joshua M , Muhammad Asim , Ferrier Jonathan , Saleem Ammar , Cuerrier Alain , Arnason John T , Colson Kimberly L 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
A single-laboratory-validated NMR spectroscopy method was established for determining the quantity of chlorogenic acid and hyperoside from crude extract material of blueberry leaves of the species Vaccinium angustifolium var. laevifolium House. The calibration curve of chlorogenic acid showed a highly linear regression, R = 0.99998. NMR spectroscopy identification and quantification of the constituents directly from the mixture, within the error of HPLC-diode array detector analysis, were determined as 7.53 mM chlorogenic acid (64.0 mg chlorogenic acid/g powdered leaf) and 0.77 mM hyperoside (8.58 mg hyperoside/g powdered leaf). The LOD was calculated to be 0.01 mM and the LOQ 0.01 mM by the 9 min and 13 s NMR spectroscopy experiment utilized. The assay showed no significant interference from different field strengths, extraction mesh size, gravimetric scale precision, NMR spectroscopy tube type, pulse program, amount of starting dry material, or day-to-day operation. The robustness of NMR spectroscopy as a means of definitively monitoring chlorogenic acid and hyperoside content directly from crude extracts was demonstrated by Youden statistical analysis.
Recovery of Salmonella from Internally and Externally Contaminated Whole Tomatoes Using Several Different Sample Preparation Procedures
Authors: Wang Hua , Gill Vikas S , Irvin Kari A , Byrd Mindi , Bolger Cathryn M , Zheng Jie , Dickey Erin E , Duvall Robert E , Jacobson Andrew P , Hammack Thomas S 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Studies were conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of whole soak [current Bacteriological Analytical Manual-(BAM) Salmonella method], quarter, stomach, and blend methods for the recovery of Salmonella organisms from internally and externally contaminated tomatoes. Tomatoes were subjected to three inoculation methods: surface inoculation, internal inoculation by injection, and immersion with single Salmonella serovars. The inoculation levels ranged from 1 to 100 CFU/tomato for surface and injection inoculation or 1 to 100 CFU/mL for immersion inoculation. Tomatoes were held for 3 days after inoculation at 2–6°C prior to initiation of analysis. Contaminated tomatoes were soaked, quartered, stomached, and blended in appropriate portions of Universal Pre-enrichment broth, and incubated for 24 h at 35 ± 2°C. The BAM Salmonella culture method was followed thereafter, and tomatoes were treated as a low-microbial-load food. The stomaching procedure was significantly (P&lt; 0.05) more effective than the whole soak procedure for recovery of internalized Salmonella from tomatoes (by injection). The blending procedure was arithmetically superior to the stomaching procedure for detection of internalized Salmonella from tomatoes (by immersion). The blending procedure showed the same effectiveness as the whole soak procedure for the detection of Salmonella on tomato surfaces. Comparisons between test portion-to-broth ratios (weight to volume) showed that a 1:3 test portion-to-broth ratio had a better buffering capacity for blended tomatoes than a 1:1 test portion-to-broth ratio. It is recommended that the current whole soak BAM tomato sample preparation procedure be replaced with a blending procedure and a 1:3 test portion-to-broth ratio.
Inclusion of 1-Naphthylacetic Acid and 2-(1-Naphthyl)acetamide into Three Typical Multiresidue Methods for LC/MS/MS Analysis of Tomatoes and Zucchini
Authors: Lozano Ana , Pérez-Parada Andrés , Heinzen Horacio , Fernández-Alba Amadeo R 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In spite of high plant growth regulator application rates, little has been reported in the literature on determination of their residues in fruits and vegetables. This would be useful in monitoring good manufacturing practices and overall safety through the enforcement of maximum residue levels (MRLs). The present work describes method validation for the determination of 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and 2(1-naphthyl)acetamide (NAAm) in tomato and zucchini using the mini-Luke, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and acetate-buffered quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) methods. Samples were spiked at two different levels: 50 and 100 μg/kg for NAA and 20 and 100 μg/kg for NAAm. These compounds were analyzed within the same chromatographic run with LC coupled to triple quadrupole MS (LC/(QqQ)MS/MS) in positive and negative electrospray ionization [ESI(+) and ESI(–)] modes for NAAm and NAA, respectively. For analyte confirmation, LC/ESI(-)QTOF-MS was also investigated given that NAA has only one multiple reaction monitoring transition (185.1→140.9 m/z). These three common methods were used to determine linearity, recoveries, precision (RSD), matrix effects, repeatability, and reproducibility (n = 5) for the selected matrixes. In terms of the Directorate-General for Health and Consumers (DG-SANCO) guidelines, only insignificant differences were found for the multiresidue methods tested, regardless of the commodity. Matrix-matched calibration was used, and LODs were below 10.1 μg/kg for NAA and 6.0 μg/kg for NAAm, which were lower than the MRLs established in current European Union legislation for these compounds. Obtained recoveries for NAA ranged from 87 to 107% with RSD values below 10% for mini-Luke, 83 to 107% with RSD &lt;11% for EtOAc, and 76 to 85% with RSD ≤7% for QuEChERS. NAAm recoveries ranged from 74 to 102% with RSD ≤ 15% for mini-Luke, 76 to 97% with RSD &lt;4% for EtOAc, and 76 to 93% with RSD ≤ 5% for QuEChERS. The linearity of the response over two orders of magnitude was demonstrated (r2 &gt; 0.996) for all methods used. Good repeatability and reproducibility in terms of RSD were obtained (11.3–17.8%) for these analytical methods. The results were acceptable within the studied ranges for both analytes in all methods. As these multiresidue methods are used at the present time in many laboratories, this survey indicates that these analytes should be included in their monitoring scope.
Development and Validation of a Procedure for Determination of Sulfonamide Residues in Pasteurized Milk Using Modified QuEChERS Method and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Parab Swati Ramkrishna , Amritkar Priti Nilesh 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
An LC method for determination of 10 sulfonamides in milk using a modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method was developed. Unlike the standard QuEChERS method, addition of primary secondary amine was not required for the cleanup step. Sulfonamides were analyzed from the acetonitrile layer using LC/MS/MS with electrospray ionization. Sulfonamides studied included sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfamerazine, sulfamethiazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadoxin, and sulfamethoxine. Three types of milk matrixes, namely, low- and high-fat liquid pasteurized milk and milk powder, were used in the study. Matrix effects of all three matrixes were studied. The LOQs for the 10 analytes for high-fat milk were 5.3–11.2 μg/L. The combined LOQ of the 10 sulfonamides was 83.15 μg/L, which is below the maximum residue limit recommended by the European Union for sulfonamides in milk.
Determination of Direct Available Phosphate in Fertilizers by a Discrete Analyzer: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Nimick Ryan , Mehlbrech Laura , Novotny Lawrence , Thiex Nancy 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
To improve throughput during peak seasonal demand, a screening method for the determination of fertilizer-available phosphate using a discrete analyzer for semi-automation was validated in a single laboratory. The fertilizer materials were extracted using a neutral EDTA-ammonium citrate solution as detailed in AOAC Official MethodSM 993.31. Phosphate was subsequently freed from the matrix and converted to orthophosphate using an alkaline persulfate digestion modified from a U. S. Geological Survey water method. Phosphorus was determined colorimetrically on a discrete analyzer. Twelve check samples from the Magruder Fertilizer Check Sample Program and Association of Fertilizer and Phosphate Chemists Fertilizer Check Program were used for method validation experiments. The proposed method is linear from 0.01 to 20 mg/L (ppm) phosphorus. Recovery for all materials averaged 101%, with a range of 99.2 to 103%. Bias for all materials averaged 0.59% with a range of –0.11 to 1.68%, with bias increasing at concentrations of available phosphate exceeding 40%. The LOD was calculated to be 0.001% available phosphate and the LOQ 0.002% available phosphate. The method was found fit for purpose as a screening method for available phosphate analysis in fertilizers.
Analysis of Free and Total Myo-Inositol in Foods, Feeds, and Infant Formula by High-Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection, Including a Novel Total Extraction Using Microwave-Assisted Acid Hydrolysis and Enzymatic Treatment
Authors: Ellingson David , Pritchard Ted , Foy Pamela , King Kathryn , Mitchell Barbara , Austad John , Winters Doug , Sullivan Darryl 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
A method for the analysis of free and total myo-inositol in foods, feeds, and infant formulas has been developed and validated using high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. The option of a free myo-inositol determination or a complete total myo-inositol determination from main bound sources can be achieved. These sources include phytates, lower phosphorylated forms, and phosphatidylinositol. This approach gives the option for subtraction of myo-inositol from nonbioavailable sources when it is quantified using other methods if a total bioavailable myo-inositol result is desired for nutritional labeling of a product. The free analysis was validated in a milk-based infant formula, giving RSDR of 2.29% and RSDr of 2.06%. A mean recovery of 97.9% was achieved from various spike levels of myo-inositol. Certified National Institute of Standards and Technology reference material verified the method's compatibility and specificity. Two different total analyses were validated in a soy-based infant formula and compared. One technique involved using a conventional acid hydrolysis with autoclave incubation for 6 h, while the other used a novel technique of microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis with enzymatic treatment that can minimize extraction to 1 day. The autoclave analysis had RSDR of 2.08% and RSDr of 1.55%, along with a mean spike recovery of 102.1% at various myo-inositol spike levels. The microwave/enzyme total analysis had RSDR of 4.34% and RSDr of 4.70%, along with a mean spike recovery of 104.2% at various spike levels of myo-inositol. Main sources of myo-inositol including phytic acid and phosphatidylinositol were tested with both total analyses. Mean recoveries of phytic acid and phosphatidylinositol through the autoclave total analysis were 90.4 and 98.3%, respectively. Mean spike recoveries for these same sources in soy-based infant formula through the microwave/enzyme total analysis were 97.2 and 96.3%, respectively. Comparison of soy-based infant formula and corn grain samples with high levels of these main sources showed in similar results, indicating both total analyses are acceptable for use. An additional glycerol kinase step was also developed to remove glycerol from the chromatographic elution window of myo-inositol in samples with high levels of glycerol.