bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Music
Authors: Cook Nicholas 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article appears in the Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. “Multimedia” is not simply a genre category but also a mentality. Aesthetic thinking has been conditioned by text-based approaches according to which meaning is inherent. By contrast, multimedia practice and theory are predicated on dynamic interaction of media and generation of emergent meaning in real time. Digital and Internet technologies have enabled significant extension of multimedia practices, transforming principles of montage and extreme intertextuality into a core cultural practice. The chapter illustrates this through a case study of the remix trio Eclectic Method, whose work ranges from Web-based multimedia to live performance and from subversion of copyright to innovative forms of marketing for multinational corporations. The chapter also considers the collision between such practices and intellectual property law, which identifies creativity with individual authorship. The media business has been based on the exploitation of intellectual property, but aesthetic and technological developments suggest that it is becoming a service industry.
Introduction
Authors: Richardson John , Gorbman Claudia 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article appears in the Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. This introduction frames the book by providing an overview of its authors' work and theorizing new audiovisual aesthetics.1 The first section reviews the current state of research on audiovisuality; it considers how the audiovisual landscape has changed and how new research might respond to these changes. The section attends closely to boundaries, as some of the most fundamental changes are occurring between or at the margins of conventional forms and categories. Immersion, participation, and sensory enrichment are among the core issues discussed in this section. The second section illuminates these observations via two case studies, on audiovisuality in the London 2012 Olympic Games and on the Chinese independent film The World. The final section describes fifteen key areas in which research on the audiovisual is currently being pursued.
Leaving Something to the Imagination
Authors: Hara Mariko , DeNora Tia 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article appears in the Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. This chapter suggests that an examination of “seeing through music” highlights the cross-sensory or synaesthetic dimension of perception and identification in naturally occurring settings. Using data from interviews with elderly Japanese people who recall their first encounters with the West and Western classical music, it then considers how musically led visualization may be part of how individuals imagine and then orient to phenomena that they may only encounter in the future. This process of virtual seeing highlights music’s role as a “prosthetic technology”—in this case, a tool for visual enhancement, which in turn may provide resources for future action, goals, and aspirations, for “seeing” and acting in and acting upon future events. Finally, to the extent that music enables one to envision the future, the chapter suggests how musical “visualization” can enable new learning.
Soundscapes of Istanbul in Turkish Film Soundtracks
Authors: Kytö Meri 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article appears in the Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. This chapter examines the changing relationships of sounds, places, and their cultural meanings in Turkish films located in Istanbul. Starting with a brief review of the historical context of Turkish film sound and sonic representations of Istanbul, the chapter then analyzes two recent films set in middle-class apartment homes, 11’e 10 kala and Uzak, which represent the auteur vein of new Turkish cinema. Both feature subtle and delicate sound design and evidence a form of heightened realism that contrasts with traditional approaches, shifting the focus of Istanbul’s soundscapes from public to private. Although the locations and characters of both these films are remarkably similar, their soundtracks differ in rendering the experience of urbanity and strategies of acoustic privacy by the transcoding of soundmarks and the use of transphonia in scenes.
Contextualizing Game Audio Aesthetics
Authors: Bridgett Rob 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article appears in the Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. This chapter is a reflective discourse on the aesthetics and production processes of sound in video games, not only from a technological perspective, but also from the viewpoint that video games are part of an ongoing cultural continuum that deeply involves cinema, music, and other media. The chapter takes the form of a meditative discussion on the practice, process, and craft of designing and directing interactive sound for a game, providing insight into some of the collaborative work that is involved in creating the overall effect of a finished soundtrack for a modern video game. The article makes specific reference to the role and thought processes of the audio director on the video game Scarface: The World is Yours (2006).
Sensory Aspects of Contemporary Cinema
Authors: Chion Michel 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article appears in the Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Film in the digital era is increasingly developing as a sensory experience. Sounds and images together yield sensations that can approximate senses other than sight and hearing. Cinema can thus render (as distinct from reproduce) the coolness of the wet spray experienced by a fountain, for example, or speed, force, materiality, hollowness, heaviness, and so forth. At the same time, the nature of recording and filming takes sounds and images out of their real multisensory context and creates sensory isolates. Those who study film, games, and other audiovisual media should not to ignore their trans-sensory aspects.
The Emancipation of Music Video
Authors: Hearsum Paula , Inglis Ian 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article appears in the Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Although YouTube is rightly acknowledged as one of the pivotal forms of social networking to have emerged in the last decade, relatively little attention has been paid to its specific impact on the form and content of music video. From its tentative beginnings in the 1970s, music video quickly established itself as one of the principal—and most powerful—components of the popular music industry. This chapter examines the ways in which the creative opportunities provided by YouTube’s overt democratization of modes of video production, presentation, and consumption have had economic, aesthetic, and political repercussions on popular music practices and have fundamentally shifted traditional understandings of supply and demand.
The End of Diegesis As We Know It?
Authors: Kassabian Anahid 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article appears in the Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. The distinction between diegetic and nondiegetic music and its critiques have become something of an industry in film music studies lately. There are articles, sections of journal issues, conference sessions, and other activities organized on the topic. As I argued in Hearing Film (2001), I have never found the terminology particularly useful, though as many have suggested, we can’t throw out all sense of the distinction that the vocabulary tries to describe. The problem, however, amps up exponentially when video games and Web sites are added to the mix. The use of music in “new media” challenges most of film music studies’ assumptions and presumptions, and these new practices demand new approaches and vocabulary. This chapter focuses on the challenges posed to film music studies models by digital media practices.
The Mutating Musical and the Sound of Music
Authors: Flinn Caryl 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article appears in the Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Musicals have always enjoyed a rich cross-media history, and changing technologies help maintain that tradition. Today television and digital cultures offer compelling new generic formats. No longer large stage and screen productions, musicals now appear through smaller, decentralized forms and platforms, providing the premise of television series, reality shows, and music videos, or appearing as small performances on YouTube. This chapter follows the afterlife of the iconic film musical The Sound of Music (dir. Robert Wise, 1965) to explore how these new articulations—fragmented and less loyal to the original than previous revivals or reruns—create the potential for diverse and local audiences that the original musical never addressed. These “mutating musicals” can give rise to different, smaller-scale “utopias” and fantasies, affective by-products that reveal a genre whose parameters have grown looser and more capacious at the end of the twentieth century.
First Report of Puccinia triticina (Leaf Rust) Race FBPT on Wheat in South Africa
Authors: Terefe T. , Visser B. , Herselman L. , Selinga T. , Pretorius Z. A. 
Published: February 2014

Eleven isolates of Puccinia triticina Erikss. collected from bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Western Cape during the 2010 annual rust survey were pathotyped to a race not previously recorded in South Africa. Replicated race analysis on seedlings of 16 Thatcher (Tc) near-isogenic differential lines at two rust laboratories confirmed avirulence (infection types [ITs] 0; to 2+) for lines with Lr1, Lr2a, Lr9, Lr11, Lr16, Lr24, and Lr26 and virulence (ITs 3 to 4) for lines with Lr2c, Lr3, Lr3ka, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr17, Lr18, Lr30, and LrB. Thatcher lines with LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, and Lr18 were added as the fourth set to the 12 original differential lines (1,2). This profile codes to race FBPT according to the North American system, and, based on these differentials, resembles a P. triticina isolate from Gwebi, Zimbabwe, in 2012 (Z. A. Pretorius, unpublished data). When additional single gene lines were tested with FBPT (race 3SA147 according to the ARC-Small Grain Institute rust notation procedure), lines with Lr2b, Lr15, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr25, Lr27+31, Lr28, Lr29, Lr32, Lr36, Lr38, Lr45, Lr47, Lr50, Lr51, and Lr52 were effective, whereas lines with Lr3bg, Lr23, Lr28, and Lr33 were ineffective. In adult plant tests in a greenhouse, Thatcher lines containing Lr12 (IT ;1c), Lr13 (IT ;1c), Lr22a (IT 1), Lr35 (IT ;1+), and Lr37 (IT ;1) were resistant, whereas Thatcher (Lr22b) was susceptible. Of 146 South African cultivars and lines infected as seedlings with 3SA147 (FBPT), 83% were resistant (IT ≤ 2) and 5% showed within-line variation. Entries showing compatible ITs with 3SA147 (FBPT) were also susceptible to either or both of 3SA133 (PDRS) and 3SA146 (MCDS). In addition, the new race was genotyped using 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer-combinations (3). Three single pustule isolates of 3SA147 (FBPT) were identical and showed 82% and 76% similarity with the recently described races 3SA146 (MCDS) and 3SA145 (CCPS), respectively (4). Minimum spanning network analysis confirmed this close genetic relationship among the three races. However, since their virulence phenotypes differ, it is proposed that 3SA147 (FBPT) is not a stepwise mutation from either 3SA145 (CCPS) or 3SA146 (MCDS), but rather a foreign introduction into South Africa. As most current breeding lines and wheat cultivars are resistant, it is unlikely that race FBPT will threaten wheat production in South Africa, but its detection underlines the fact that new P. triticina variants have been occurring at regular intervals in the region. References: (1) J. A. Kolmer et al. Austr. J. Agric. Res. 58:631, 2007. (2) D. L. Long and J. A. Kolmer. Plant Dis. 79:525, 1989. (3) L. J. Szabo and J. A. Kolmer. Mol. Ecol. Notes 7:708, 2007. (4) T. Terefe et al. Plant Dis. 95:611, 2011.
Biomechanical Effects of Human Lumbar Discography
Authors: Lipscomb Kristen E. , Sarigul-Klijn Nesrin , Klineberg Eric , Mohan Vivek 
Published: February 2014

Study Design:
An experimental and computational finite element analysis of human lumbar spine discography and its resulting effects on disk biomechanics.

Objective:
To characterize the changes in stress and displacement of the human lumbar spine disks after puncture due to discography.

Summary of Background Data:
Discography of the intervertebral disk (IVD) may be used to diagnose pathology of the disk and determine whether it may be a source for chronic back pain. It has recently been suggested that discography may lead to IVD degeneration, and has been a cause of controversy among spine care physicians.

Materials and Methods:
Both in vivo experiment using cadaveric specimens and a finite element model of the same L3–L5 lumbar spine was developed using computed tomography scans. Discography was simulated in the model as an area in the disk affected by needle puncture. The material properties in the nucleus pulposus were adjusted to match experimental data both before and after puncture.

Results:
Puncture of the IVD leads to increased deformation and increased stresses in the annulus fibrosis region of the disk. Pressure in the nucleus pulposus was found to decrease after puncture. Experimental and computational results correlated well.

Conclusions:
Puncturing the IVD changes disk biomechanics and hence may lead to progressive spine degenerations in particular in the punctured disks.
Anxiety Associated with Asthma Exacerbations and Overuse of Medication: The Role of Cultural Competency
Authors: Horikawa Yousuke T. , Udaka Tina Y. , Crow Janet K. , Takayama John I. , Stein Martin T. 
Published: February 2014

CASE: Toshi, a 14-year-old Japanese boy, had uncontrolled asthma after relocating from Japan with his family 1 year ago. In Japan, he was diagnosed with moderate, persistent asthma, which was controlled with salmeterol and albuterol on an as needed basis. Since moving to the United States, Toshi complained of frequent dyspnea.
Initially, he was seen by a Japanese physician who prescribed 200 mg of fluticasone 3 times a day and albuterol nebulization as needed. When Toshi came to the Pediatric Primary Care Clinic, he reported using his nebulizer up to 25 times daily. A physical examination revealed a thin, anxious, jittery, hypertensive, and tachycardic adolescent with hyperreflexia and dysmetria. Toshi complained of difficulty breathing, in the absence of wheezing or respiratory distress; peak flow recordings in the office were normal. Furthermore, he had a history of “panic attacks,” being a “worrier,” and stopped attending school, playing sports, and socializing over the past 6 months due to his “breathing difficulties.”
Citalopram was prescribed for anxiety, but the family's apprehension about mental health disorders led to resistance to treatment recommendations. With motivational interviewing and negotiation, Toshi and his family agreed to a trial of citalopram. Three months later, he no longer took fluticasone or albuterol. The tachycardia, hypertension, and neurological symptoms improved. As he gained weight and improved his strength, he attended classes and participated in sports.
A few months later, with improvement of his health, Toshi and his parents decided to discontinue citalopram. He then developed behaviors consistent with generalized anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Currently, his symptoms associated with anxiety have worsened, but he and his family are resistant to medication or initiating cognitive behavioral therapy due to their cultural beliefs regarding mental health disorders.
Promoting mental health and wellbeing for a young person with a mental illness: Parent occupations
Authors: Honey Anne , Alchin Sarah , Hancock Nicola 
Published: February 2014

Background/aimsParenting is a critical and complex occupational role, requiring different occupations and abilities depending on the developmental stage and specific characteristics of each child. When a young adult child develops a mental illness, assisting and supporting them to overcome or adapt to the mental illness becomes a crucial aspect of this occupational role to which many parents devote a great deal of time and energy. The way parents respond to mental illness can have an important impact on young people. However, to date, research on these parents has focussed almost exclusively on their characteristics and personal coping rather than what they do to try to assist and support young people. The aims of this study were to identify the occupations parents currently engage in to promote mental health and wellbeing for a young person with a mental illness and to explore the perceived helpfulness of these occupations.MethodInterviews with 26 young people (15–24 years old) and 32 parents were analysed using constant comparative analysis.ResultsParticipants reported 78 conceptually distinct mental illness related occupations aimed at promoting: appropriate treatment; positive activities and actions; positive thoughts and feelings; and an ordinary life. Importantly, few participants could evaluate with confidence the helpfulness of individual mental illness related occupations.ConclusionThis research demonstrates the breadth of the mental illness related occupations parents employ and provides a framework for understanding their complexities. It highlights the need to establish an evidence base for various mental illness related occupations so that parents can have more knowledge and thus confidence in these critical occupations.
Pubic Symphyseal Age Estimation from Three‐Dimensional Reconstructions of Pelvic CT Scans of Live Individuals
Authors: Wink Alexandra E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSkeletal age estimation using the pubic symphysis is a reliable and popular practice among forensic anthropologists. In instances in which accessing the skeleton is impossible, such as in the case of living individuals, three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions of computed tomography (CT) scans can be created and analyzed for aspects of the biological profile. This study examined 3D reconstructions of pelvic CT scans of a sample of 44 live adults to estimate age using the Suchey–Brooks J Hum Evol 1990;5(3):227‐38 method. Images were created using OsiriX software (Pixmeo, Geneva, Switzerland). Estimated age ranges based on the 3D‐CT images captured the true age of the individual at the time of the CT scan 79.5% of the time with good intra‐observer reliability. The features best visualized on the 3D images included the ossific nodule and the pubic symphyseal rim. This study shows that clinical CT scanning parameters are adequate for creating 3D images to be analyzed for age using the pubic symphysis.
Working Smarter on Cold Cases: Identifying Factors Associated with Successful Cold Case Investigations
Authors: Davis Robert C. , Jensen Carl J. , Burgette Lane , Burnett Kathryn 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCold case squads have garnered much attention; however, they have yet to undergo significant empirical scrutiny. In the present study, the authors interviewed investigators and reviewed 189 solved and unsolved cold cases in Washington, D.C., to determine whether there are factors that can predict cold case solvability. In the interviews, new information from witnesses or information from new witnesses was cited as the most prevalent reason for case clearance. The case reviews determined that there were factors in each of the following domains that predicted whether cases would be solved during cold case investigations: Crime Context, Initial Investigation Results, Basis for Opening Cold Case, and Cold Case Investigator Actions. The results suggest that it is possible to prioritize cold case work based on the likelihood of investigations leading to clearances.
A Preliminary Examination of Differential Decomposition Patterns in Mass Graves
Authors: Troutman Lauren , Moffatt Colin , Simmons Tal 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFive pairs of mass graves, each containing carcasses of 21 rabbits, were used to examine differential decomposition at four locations within the burial: surface, deep, mid‐outer, and core. Every 100 accumulated degree days (ADD), a pair of graves was exhumed, and total body score (TBS) and internal carcass temperature of each rabbit were recorded. Decomposition did not differ for core‐ and deep‐positioned carcasses (p = 0.13); differences were significant (p < 0.001) for all other location comparisons. Decomposition occurred fastest in shallow carcasses, followed by mid‐outer carcasses; deep and core carcasses decomposed slowest and at rates not significantly different from one another. Adipocere formation was minimal and confined to deep carcasses. Carcass location within the mass grave significantly influenced internal carcass temperature (p < 0.001); a mean internal temperature difference of ca. 1°C existed between deep and shallow carcasses (30 cm apart). Effects of mass compactness and oxygenation require further investigation.
Disopyramide and Mianserin Intoxication: A Unique Fatal Case – Review of the Literature
Authors: Isabelle Le Blanc‐Louvry , Clarot Franck , Vaz Emmanuelle , Jean Pierre Goullé , Proust Bernard 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLethal occurrence is exceptional after disopyramide or mianserin poisoning. A case of intentional lethal intoxication with these drugs was reported, as well as a review of the literature. Pre‐ and postmortem blood concentrations of disopyramide or mianserin were assessed in a woman who died from acute cardiac failure after ingestion. The premortem blood concentration of disopyramide alone was considered lethal, and a toxic premortem concentration of mianserin was observed that may have increased cardiovascular failure induced by disopyramide because the metabolism of both drugs is mediated via cytochrome P450. Moreover, it was shown that the postmortem redistribution of disopyramide was limited, as pre‐ and postmortem concentrations were 48 and 65 mg/L, respectively. As regards mianserin, redistribution was observed after death with pre‐ and portmortem concentrations at 0.23 and 0.79 mg/L, respectively. This case illustrates that if postmortem blood concentration of disopyramide is known, the premortem concentration can be deduced.
X‐ray Scattering Evaluation of Ultrastructural Changes in Human Dental Tissues with Thermal Treatment
Authors: Sandholzer Michael A. , Sui Tan , Korsunsky Alexander M. , Damien Walmsley Anthony , Lumley Philip J. , Landini Gabriel 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMicro‐ and ultrastructural analysis of burned skeletal remains is crucial for obtaining a reliable estimation of cremation temperature. Earlier studies mainly focused on heat‐induced changes in bone tissue, while this study extends this research to human dental tissues using a novel quantitative analytical approach. Twelve tooth sections were burned at 400–900°C (30‐min exposure, increments of 100°C). Subsequent combined small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) experiments were performed at the Diamond Light Source synchrotron facility, where 28 scattering patterns were collected within each tooth section. In comparison with the control sample, an increase in mean crystal thickness was found in burned dentine (2.8‐fold) and enamel (1.4‐fold), however at a smaller rate than reported earlier for bone tissue (5–10.7‐fold). The results provide a structural reference for traditional X‐ray scattering methods and emphasize the need to investigate bone and dental tissues separately to obtain a reliable estimation of cremation temperature.