bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics associated with the occurrence of adverse events: a retrospective medical record review using the Global Trigger Tool in a fully digitalized tertiary teaching hospital in Korea
Authors: Hwang Jee‐In , Chin Ho Jun , Chang Yoon‐Seok 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the performance of the Global Trigger Tool and to investigate characteristics associated with the occurrence of adverse events (AEs).Study designRetrospective medical record review.SettingA tertiary teaching hospital, Korea.MethodWe employed two‐stage review of a random sample of 630 charts for patients discharged between January and June 2011. Two quality improvement specialists reviewed the presence of AEs using 53 triggers developed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Two physicians reviewed and validated the findings of adverse events. Positive predictive values for individual triggers were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with AEs.ResultsOf 629 patients, 45 (7%) experienced at least one AE during their hospitalization. Among the observed AEs, 61% were preventable. The frequent types of AEs were ‘procedure‐related’ and ‘medication‐related’. Six triggers had positive predictive values of greater than 50.0%: ‘health care‐associated infection’, ‘any procedure complication’, ‘medication: other’, ‘return to surgery’, ‘occurrence of any operative complication’ and ‘intubation/reintubation’. Significant factors associated with the occurrence of AEs were length of stay (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.20) and the number of triggers (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.98).ConclusionThe Global Trigger Tool was useful for the detection of adverse events in a Korean hospital setting. Triggers with high positive predictive values should have priority for incorporation into routine screening systems. Furthermore, patients who stay longer in the hospital need to be closely monitored using triggers to improve patient safety.
Galanin stimulates neurite outgrowth from sensory neurons by inhibition of Cdc42 and Rho GTPases and activation of cofilin
Authors: Hobson Sally‐Ann , Vanderplank Penny A. , Pope Robert J. P. , Kerr Niall C. H. , Wynick David 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe and others have previously shown that the neuropeptide galanin modulates neurite outgrowth from adult sensory neurons via activation of the second galanin receptor; however, the intracellular signalling pathways that mediate this neuritogenic effect have yet to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that galanin decreases the activation state in adult sensory neurons and PC12 cells of Rho and Cdc42 GTPases, both known regulators of filopodial and growth cone motility. Consistent with this, activated levels of Rho and Cdc42 levels are increased in the dorsal root ganglion of adult galanin knockout animals compared with wildtype controls. Furthermore, galanin markedly increases the activation state of cofilin, a downstream effector of many of the small GTPases, in the cell bodies and growth cones of sensory neurons and in PC12 cells. We also demonstrate a reduction in the activation of cofilin, and alteration in growth cone motility, in cultured galanin knockout neurons compared with wildtype controls. These data provide the first evidence that galanin regulates the Rho family of GTPases and cofilin to stimulate growth cone dynamics and neurite outgrowth in sensory neurons. These findings have important therapeutic implications for the treatment of peripheral sensory neuropathies.
imageGalanin plays a key role in neurite outgrowth from adult sensory neurons via activation of the second galanin receptor (GalR2). Our results demonstrate the galanin decreases the activation state of Rho and Cdc42 and markedly increases the activation of cofilin. These changes lead to alterations in growth cone motility. These findings have important implications for the treatment of peripheral sensory neuropathies.
Cdc42 GTPases facilitate TNF‐α‐mediated secretion of CCL2 from peripheral nerve microvascular endoneurial endothelial cells
Authors: Langert Kelly A. , Von Zee Cynthia L. , Stubbs, Evan B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTrafficking of autoreactive leukocytes across the blood‐nerve barrier and into peripheral nerves is an early pathological hallmark of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), a proinflammatory cytokine, promotes transendothelial migration by upregulating endothelial expression of inflammatory mediators, including CCL2, a chemokine implicated in GBS. We sought to determine the mechanism by which TNF‐α induces expression and secretion of CCL2 from peripheral nerve microvascular endoneurial endothelial cells (PNMECs). Expression of CCL2 mRNA and protein in quiescent PNMEC cultures was minimal. In contrast, cultures treated with TNF‐α exhibited increased CCL2 mRNA and protein content, as well as protein secretion. Simvastatin significantly attenuated TNF‐α‐induced CCL2 secretion without affecting CCL2 mRNA or protein expression. Co‐incubation with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, but not farnesyl pyrophosphate, prevented the effect of simvastatin. By comparison, inhibiting protein isoprenylation with GGTI‐298, but not FTI‐277, mimicked the effect of simvastatin and significantly attenuated transendothelial migration in vitro. Inhibition of the monomeric GTPase Cdc42, but not Rac1 or RhoA‐C, attenuated TNF‐α‐mediated CCL2 secretion. TNF‐α‐mediated trafficking of autoreactive leukocytes into peripheral nerves during GBS may proceed by a mechanism that involves Cdc42‐facilitated secretion of CCL2.
Functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury in the transgenic Thy1‐GFP rat
Authors: Kemp Stephen W. P. , Phua Peter D. , Stanoulis Krisanne N. , Wood Matthew D. , Liu Edward H. , Gordon Tessa , Borschel Gregory H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTransgenic mice have been previously used to assess nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. However, mouse models are limited by their small caliber nerves, short nerve lengths, and their inability to fully participate during behavioral assessments. The transgenic Thy1 GFP rat is a novel transgenic rat model designed to assess regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. However, return of functional and behavioral recovery following nerve injury has not yet been evaluated in these rats. In this study, we ask whether differences in anatomy, recovery of locomotion, myological, and histomorphological measures exist between transgenic Thy1 GFP rats when compared to wild type (WT) Sprague Dawley rats following unilateral sciatic nerve injury. We found that both motor and sensory neuronal architecture, overground and skilled locomotion, muscle force, motor unit number estimation (MUNE) and wet muscle weights, and histomorphometric assessments are similar between both genetic phenotypes. Overall, these data support the use of the transgenic Thy1‐GFP rat in experiments assessing functional and behavioral recovery following nerve injury and repair.
Utilization of Travel Reimbursement in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Nelson Richard E. , Hicken Bret , Cai Beilei , Dahal Arati , West Alan , Rupper Randall 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeTo improve access to care, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) increased its patient travel reimbursement rate from 11 to 28.5 cents per mile on February 1, 2008, and again to 41.5 cents per mile on November 17, 2008. We identified characteristics of veterans more likely to receive travel reimbursements and evaluated the impact of these increases on utilization of the benefit.MethodsWe examined the likelihood of receiving any reimbursement, number of reimbursements, and dollar amount of reimbursements for VHA patients before and after both reimbursement rate increases. Because of our data's longitudinal nature, we used multivariable generalized estimating equation models for analysis. Rurality and categorical distance from the nearest VHA facility were examined in separate regressions.FindingsOur cohort contained 214,376 veterans. During the study period, the average number of reimbursements per veteran was higher for rural patients compared to urban patients, and for those living 50‐75 miles from the nearest VHA facility compared to those living closer. Higher reimbursement rates led to more veterans obtaining reimbursement regardless of urban‐rural residence or distance traveled to the nearest VHA facility. However, after the rate increases, urban veterans and veterans living <50 miles from the nearest VHA facility increased their travel reimbursement utilization slightly more than other patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggest an inverted U‐shaped relationship between veterans’ utilization of the VHA travel reimbursement benefit and travel distance. Both urban and rural veterans responded in roughly equal manner to changes to this benefit.
The Curious Case of Self‐Interest: Inconsistent Effects and Ambivalence toward a Widely Accepted Construct
Authors: Kim Anita 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSelf‐interest is widely accepted as a powerful motivator by both academics and laypeople alike. However, research surrounding the self‐interest motive paints a complicated picture of this most important psychological construct. Additionally, research on the social desirability of self‐interest has revealed that despite its widespread acceptance, people do not readily accept that self‐interest drives their own behaviors. This paper reviews the literature on self‐interest and reveals several curious features surrounding its actual effect on helping behaviors, political attitudes and voting, and people's apparent ambivalence toward self‐interest as a motive. It is possible that norms against the expression of self‐interestedness evolved, creating ambivalence towards this widely accepted construct, subsequently affecting its expression on many human behaviors.
The influence of landscape on gene flow in the eastern massasauga rattlesnake (Sistrurus c. catenatus): insight from computer simulations
Authors: DiLeo Michelle F. , Rouse Jeremy D. , Dávila José A. , Lougheed Stephen C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractUnderstanding how gene flow shapes contemporary population structure requires the explicit consideration of landscape composition and configuration. New landscape genetic approaches allow us to link such heterogeneity to gene flow within and among populations. However, the attribution of cause is difficult when landscape features are spatially correlated, or when genetic patterns reflect past events. We use spatial Bayesian clustering and landscape resistance analysis to identify the landscape features that influence gene flow across two regional populations of the eastern massasauga rattlesnake, Sistrurus c. catenatus. Based on spatially explicit simulations, we inferred how habitat distribution modulates gene flow and attempted to disentangle the effects of spatially confounded landscape features. We found genetic clustering across one regional landscape but not the other, and also local differences in the effect of landscape on gene flow. Beyond the effects of isolation‐by‐distance, water bodies appear to underlie genetic differentiation among individuals in one regional population. Significant effects of roads were additionally detected locally, but these effects are possibly confounded with the signal of water bodies. In contrast, we found no signal of isolation‐by‐distance or landscape effects on genetic structure in the other regional population. Our simulations imply that these local differences have arisen as a result of differences in population density or tendencies for juvenile rather than adult dispersal. Importantly, our simulations also demonstrate that the ability to detect the consequences of contemporary anthropogenic landscape features (e.g. roads) on gene flow may be compromised when long‐standing natural features (e.g. water bodies) co‐exist on the landscape.
Leadership, Interpersonal Conflict, and Counterproductive Work Behavior: An Examination of the Stressor–Strain Process
Authors: Kessler Stacey R. , Bruursema Kari , Rodopman Burcu , Spector Paul E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractResearchers have established a link between interpersonal conflicts among employees and counterproductive work behavior (CWB), which consists of acts that harm organizations and people in organizations. Both conflict and CWB can be damaging variables that have far reaching consequences for organizations. In a study of 116 employee–coworker dyads, we tested models linking leadership behaviors (passive/avoidant leadership and transformational leadership), interpersonal conflict (with coworkers and supervisors), and CWB directed toward the organization or other people. We found support for models positing that leadership behaviors and interpersonal conflict lead to negative emotions, which in turn lead to the amount of CWB committed.
Ethnicity and Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment
Authors: Gagnon Christine M. , Matsuura Justin T. , Smith Clark C. , Stanos Steven P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify ethnic differences in interdisciplinary pain treatment outcome and whether these differences occur while controlling for the effects of demographics, psychosocial, and secondary gain.MethodsWe assessed a sample of 116 (Caucasian, African American, and Latino/a) chronic pain patients who participated a 4‐week interdisciplinary pain treatment program. Outcome measure included pretreatment, post‐treatment, and change scores on the Multidimensional Pain Inventory, Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale 20, Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, Coping Strategies Questionnaire‐revised, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—short form.ResultsAnalysis of covariances revealed that after accounting for educational and sex differences, ethnic minorities differed from Caucasians on a number of treatment outcome measures at pre‐ and post‐treatment [F's ≥ 5.38; P's < 0.01]. At pretreatment, Latino/a's endorsed greater levels of pain‐related anxiety, pain severity, and pain catastrophizing than Caucasians. Both Latino/a's and African Americans reported greater use of prayer at pre‐ and post‐treatment, with Caucasians showing the greatest decrease in the use of prayer in response to treatment. At post‐treatment, African Americans had higher level of depression and lower levels of reported activity than Caucasians.ConclusionsResults support the notion that ethnic differences in pain treatment outcome exist. Further, ethnic minority groups appear to have greater levels of distress compared to Caucasians. However, African Americans, Latino/a's and Caucasians demonstrated similar improvements on all outcome measures, with exception of the use of prayer. Future studies should begin to explore the mechanisms to explain why ethnic group differences in pain treatment outcome occur.
“Creeping” or just information seeking? Gender differences in partner monitoring in response to jealousy on Facebook
Authors: MUISE AMY , CHRISTOFIDES EMILY , DESMARAIS SERGE 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNew media, such as Facebook, has implications for romantic relationships, including easing the ability to monitor a partner's activities. Across two studies we demonstrate that in response to feelings of jealousy, women are more likely than men to monitor their partner's activities on Facebook. In Study 1, participants were exposed to one of three experimental conditions meant to provoke jealousy, and their search time on a simulated Facebook environment was recorded. Jealousy predicted more time searching for women, but less for men. In Study 2, a dyadic daily experience study, on days when women (but not men) reported greater jealousy they spent more time monitoring their partner on Facebook, and anxious attachment was one mechanism that explained this association. The results are discussed in terms of gender differences in attachment and response to feelings of jealousy.
Relationship quality promotes the desire for closeness among distressed avoidantly attached individuals
Authors: SLOTTER ERICA B. , LUCHIES LAURA B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIndividuals who experience attachment avoidance tend to desire less closeness in their romantic relationships than others, especially when experiencing distress. However, emerging research suggests that avoidant individuals value social closeness and are more comfortable with it when they perceive that seeking closeness is welcomed. Thus, this research examined the relationship characteristics that might predict avoidant individuals seeking more closeness than they would otherwise. We investigated whether perceiving their relationship to be high quality would predict avoidant individuals desiring more closeness when distressed. We hypothesized that avoidant individuals who perceived their relationship to be high quality would desire greater closeness with their partners when distressed—counteracting their tendency to eschew relational closeness. A study of dating couples supported this hypothesis.
Prevention of cytomegalovirus following solid organ transplantation: A literature review
Authors: Kowalsky Shanna , Arnon Ronen , Posada Roberto 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCMV is the most common opportunistic infection affecting SOT recipients. Although current strategies to prevent both CMV infection and disease have been effective, CMV related complications continue to occur, particularly late‐onset CMV disease. This literature review article examines the benefits and disadvantages of different prevention modalities, and presents emerging strategies to better prevent CMV in organ transplant recipients.
Occurrence of the F129L mutation in Alternaria solani populations in Germany in response to QoI application, and its effect on sensitivity
Authors: Leiminger J. H. , Adolf B. , Hausladen H. 
Published: July 2013

Early blight caused by Alternaria solani is a highly destructive disease of potatoes. Control of early blight mainly relies on the use of preventive fungicide treatments. Because of their high efficacy, azoxystrobin and other quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) are commonly used to manage early blight. However, loss of sensitivity to QoIs has previously been reported for A. solani in the United States. Two hundred and three A. solani field isolates collected from 81 locations in Germany between 2005 and 2011 were screened for the presence of the F129L mutation in the cytochrome b gene; of these, 74 contained the F129L mutation. Sequence analysis revealed the occurrence of two structurally different cytb genes, which differed in the presence (genotype I) or absence (genotype II) of an intron, with genotype I being the most prevalent (63% of isolates). The F129L mutation was detected only in genotype II isolates, where it occurred in 97%. Sensitivity to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin was determined in conidial germination assays. All isolates possessing the F129L mutation had reduced sensitivity to azoxystrobin and, to a lesser extent, to pyraclostrobin. Early blight disease severity on plants treated with azoxystrobin was significantly higher for A. solani isolates with reduced fungicide sensitivity in the conidial germination assay compared with sensitive isolates. Data suggest an accumulation of F129L isolates in the German A. solani population over the years 2009–2011. It is assumed that the application of QoIs has selected for the occurrence of F129L mutations, which may contribute to loss of fungicide efficacy.
Cultural Education: Redefining the Role of Museums in the 21st Century
Authors: Earle Wendy 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that in the face of a crisis about the value of culture, cultural education has been represented by some of its advocates as a new way of legitimising the cultural sector. It enables museums, for example, to appear more inclusive and democratic, more relevant to young people and others who do not normally visit museums, and more responsive to the needs of the society. However, defining the value of culture through an emphasis on cultural education, paradoxically, has the potential to undermine the basis of the museum's existence as a public institution.With reference to my research into New Labour's cultural policy, particularly in relation to museums, this paper highlights discourses that have given cultural education a more significant role in the cultural sector. I show how cultural education, with ‘cultural inclusion’ as its main objective, has evolved in the context of an existential crisis in the museum sector over the past 30 years, appearing to offer a means through which they can redefine their role and value in the society as anti‐elitist organisations supporting social change. I then go onto show how this apparent solution to the problem might further undermine the unique value of museums.
Blue‐light‐induced PIN3 polarization for root negative phototropic response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Kun‐Xiao , Xu Heng‐Hao , Yuan Ting‐Ting , Zhang Liang , Lu Ying‐Tang 
Published: July 2013

SummaryRoot negative phototropism is an important response in plants. Although blue light is known to mediate this response, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying root negative phototropism remain unclear. Here, we report that the auxin efflux carrier PIN‐FORMED (PIN) 3 is involved in asymmetric auxin distribution and root negative phototropism. Unilateral blue‐light illumination polarized PIN3 to the outer lateral membrane of columella cells at the illuminated root side, and increased auxin activity at the illuminated side of roots, where auxin promotes growth and causes roots bending away from the light source. Furthermore, root negative phototropic response and blue‐light‐induced PIN3 polarization were modulated by a brefeldin A‐sensitive, GNOM‐dependent, trafficking pathway and by phot1‐regulated PINOID (PID)/PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A (PP2A) activity. Our results indicate that blue‐light‐induced PIN3 polarization is needed for asymmetric auxin distribution during root negative phototropic response.
Blood Pressure and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy During American-Style Football Participation
Authors: Weiner Rory B. , Wang Francis , Isaacs Stephanie K. , Malhotra Rajeev , Berkstresser Brant , Kim Jonathan H. , Hutter Adolph M. , Picard Michael H. , Wang Thomas J. , Baggish Aaron L. 
Published: July 2013

Background—
Hypertension, a strong determinant of cardiovascular disease risk, has been documented among elite, professional American-style football (ASF) players. The risk of increased blood pressure (BP) and early adulthood hypertension among the substantially larger population of collegiate ASF athletes is not known.

Methods and Results—

We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study to examine BP, the incidence of hypertension, and left ventricular remodeling among collegiate ASF athletes. Resting BP and left ventricular structure were assessed before and after a single season of competitive ASF participation in 6 consecutive groups of first-year university athletes (n=113). ASF participation was associated with significant increases in systolic BP (116±8 versus 125±13 mm Hg;
P
<0.001) and diastolic BP (64±8 mm Hg versus 66±10 mm Hg;
P
<0.001). At the postseason assessment, the majority of athletes met criteria for Joint National Commission (seventh report) prehypertension (53 of 113, 47%) or stage 1 hypertension (16 of 113, 14%). Among measured characteristics, lineman field position, intraseason weight gain, and family history of hypertension were the strongest independent predictors of postseason BP. Among linemen, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (2 of 64 [3%] versus 20 of 64 [31%];
P
<0.001) and change in left ventricular mass correlated with intraseason change in systolic BP (
R
=0.46,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Collegiate ASF athletes may be at risk for clinically relevant increases in BP and the development of hypertension. Enhanced surveillance and carefully selected interventions may represent important opportunities to improve later-life cardiovascular health outcomes in this population.