bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Subclinical Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Authors: Elsedfy Heba Hassan , Ahmed Mahmoud Rana Abd Elhakim , Hassan Nawar Marwa Magdy , Mahmoud El-Samman Nora Hussein , Hassan Ali Mohamed Sayed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of thyroid diseases in children and adolescents. Ventricular myocardial dysfunction associated with HT has been suggested to be related to the chronic inflammatory state associated with autoimmunity as well as to the endocrine effects.

Objective
To evaluate using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and estimation of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in early detection of myocardial dysfunction in children with Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Patients and Methods
A cross-sectional case-control study was performed that included 15 patients with HT recruited from the pediatric endocrinology clinic, at Ain Shams University Hospital from October 2020 to July 2021. The patients were compared to 15 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Data were collected from patients’ files including age at initial diagnosis, initial level of thyroid hormones, antithyroglobulin antibodies, and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies.

Results
Mean age of enrolled patients was 13.20 ± 3.05 years. Cardiac functions in HT patients by using conventional Echocardiography and STE, both were correlated to thyroid hormones, auto- antibodies, lipid profile, and duration of disease (P &lt; 0.05 for all). There were no statistically significant differences in conventional Echocardiographic parameters between patients and controls(P &gt; 0.05 for all). Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) was within the normal range for both groups and showed no statistically significant differences between them (P &gt; 0.05). Known HT patients had lower LVGLS mean (19.72 ± 1.22 %) than newly diagnosed patients (21.52 ± 0.99%, P = 0.014). There was no correlation between cardiac functions and the level of thyroid auto-antibodies (P &gt; 0.05 for all). There was no statistically significant difference between patients and controls in CIMT (0.33 ± 0.05 vs 0.35± 0.05, P = 0.473). There was a positive correlation between the duration of disease and CIMT among patients (P-value= 0.025)

Conclusion
Patients with HT may have subclinical myocardial dysfunction which could be attributed to the chronic inflammatory state even with normal thyroid functions. STE can early detect the myocardial dysfunction on initial examination and follow up.
Sonographic Evaluation of Visceral Fat and its Correlation with Metabolic and Liver Profiles in Obese Children
Authors: Salem Ashraf M , Emam Ehab K , Yacoub George E , Abdelhaleem Bassma A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Abdominal obesity plays a major role in development of metabolic syndrome. Computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were used to assess abdominal fat in children but carry risk of radiation and are expensive. Assessing abdominal fat using ultrasound in obese children could be a reasonable alternative with evaluating its relationship to obesity indicators especially insulin resistance.

Methods
We conducted a cross sectional study on 46 obese children and adolescents aged between 6-16 years to evaluate abdominal adiposity by using ultrasound. Subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and visceral fat thickness (VFT) were measured and correlated to anthropometric measures, fasting lipid profile, HOMA-IR and liver function tests.

Results
VFT was strongly correlated with the BMI (r = 0.397, p=0.006) and HOMA- IR (r = 0.413, P = 0.004) with AUC for VFT as a predictor of insulin resistance of 0.858 and cut of point of &gt; 2.98 cm . VFT also correlated positively with serum triglycerides (r = 0.421, p=0.004) and serum ALT (r = 0.370, P=0.011). VFT correlated negatively with HDL (r= -0.313, P= 0.034 ).

Conclusions
Ultrasound could be a useful tool for measuring abdominal fat thickness in children and adolescents. Ultrasound measured VFT could be an appropriate prognostic factor for insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated liver enzymes.
Early Prediction of Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants using Non-invasive Electrical Cardiometry
Authors: El Tahry Adham Mohamed , El- Farrash Rania Ali , Farag Mariam Nagy , Shinkar Dina Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Prematurity is a term for the broad category of neonates born at less than 37 weeks' gestation following onset of the last menstrual period. Different degrees of prematurity are defined by gestational age (GA) or birth weight (BW). Prematurity is associated with approximately one- third of all infant deaths. Complications of prematurity are the underlying cause of the higher rate of infant mortality and morbidity in preterm infants compared to full term infants.

Objective
To identify hemodynamic changes during the first 48hrs in life using non-invasive cardiometry and how these changes can predict which infants would develop clinical and echocardiographic criteria for PDA treatment.

Patients and Methods
This Prospective cohort study was conducted at tertiary care hospital at the neonatal intensive care units of Ain Shams University, Children’s Hospital from October 2021 till April 2022 and performed on preterm neonates who are less than 35 weeks gestational age and admitted to the NICU of pediatric hospital.

Results
Hemodynamically-significant PDA group had significantly lower systolic, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure than hemodynamically not significant PDA group at each time of follow up and significantly higher heart rate at (12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 45, 48) hours in patients with hemodynamically-significant PDA. There was statistically significant difference between the two studied groups as regards vital data of Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and UOP which were significantly lower in hemodynamically-significant PDA.

Conclusion
in our prospective cohort study increased heart rate, decreased mean arterial blood pressure predict a clinically significant PDA requiring treatment. Furthermore, vital data seem to be a good non invasive tools to monitor hemodynamic changes in preterms with hemodynamically significant PDA. However, further studies with a higher number of patients are necessary to ground the outcomes of these preliminary considerations.
Pattern of Monthly Percentage of Hemodialysis Children Achieving the KDIGO Recommended Hemoglobin Targets: A Twelve-Month Prospective Study to Assess the Trend of Anemia
Authors: Khalil Mariam A , Said Ragia M , El-Hakim Ihab Z , Abd Elhafez Amany M , El Farsy Mohamed S , Kasem Mohammed F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Anemia is one of the common problems in children on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). It leads to poor quality of life and when severe, it is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, and death. Proper treatment of anemia in these patients results in better physical and mental performance. So, our study aimed to assess the trend of anemia among HD children by following the monthly percentage of patients capable of achieving Hb level between 11-12g/dl.

Methods
For optimum treatment of anemia, the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines (2012) recommended to measure Hb every month in HD children targeting monthly Hb concentration of 11-12 g/dl. So, we conducted this 12-months prospective study to assess the trend of anemia among HD children at Pediatric Dialysis Unit of Ain Shams University by following the monthly percentage of patients capable of achieving Hb level between 11-12g/dl.

Results
This study was done over 12 month-period from April 1st, 2020, till March 31st, 2021. A total of 78 patients were included with a mean age at the time of enrollment in the study of 12.16 ± 3.3 years. They were 45 (57.7%) males and 33 (42.3%) females. All patients were receiving 3 hours every other day HD session for 3 sessions a week with a HD duration range of 3.0 - 140.88 months and a median of 16.51 months. All patients were receiving proper doses of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) and intravenous iron therapy. Our study showed that the monthly reported percentages of patients achieved Hb level between 11-12g/dl ranged from 14.7% to 40.8% and that of patients with Hb level &lt;11g/dl ranged between 51.4 – 73.5%. It also revealed statistical evidence of significant association between the presence of anemia in our patients at the time of enrollment in the study and HD durations &lt; 6 months (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Despite proper HD treatment and proper doses of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) and intravenous iron therapy, anemia is still a prevalent problem among our HD children.
Assessment of 8-Hydroxy-2’-Deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) Level in Urine as a Urinary Marker of Oxidative Stress in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Zaky Eman Ahmed , Abdelhameed Salwa Amin , Eldamer Nourhan Moustafa , Abdelaziz Asmaa Wafeek 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, restricted interest and repetitive behavior. Oxidative stress in response to environmental exposure plays a role in virtually every human disease and represents a significant avenue of research into the etiology of ASD.

Objective
The aim of this study was to asses 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) level in urine as a urinary marker of oxidative stress in children with autism spectrum disorder in comparison to sex and age matched healthy control group.

Patients and Methods
We included 51 children with autism (43 males and 8 females whose age ranged from 2 to 16 years). They were compared to 51 children of the same age as a control group. The diagnosis of autism was made based on the criteria of autistic disorders as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSMV). In the patients group, detailed medical history included sociodemographic form and family history was taken for autistic group also Intelligence Quotient test IQ test and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) used to measure the severity of autism. In the study, 8-OHdG values in urine were investigated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and Urinary creatinine was determined with the Beckham Coulter analyzer and was used to normalize all biochemical measurements then the urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine levels were corrected to the urinary concentration of creatinine.

Results
The median age was 9.9 in the ASD group and 9.1 in the control group (P = 0.256). In the ASD group, (8-OH-dG)/creatinine ratio values were found to be significantly higher than those of the controls (P &lt; 0.001). but also No statistically significant correlation between (8-OH- dG)/creatinie ratio and CARS score or IQ score (P = 0,7).

Conclusion
The data from this study supported the hypothesis of the oxidant/antioxidant balance as a key piece that may contribute to the autistic pathology
Detection of the Association between Osteocalcin Level and Insulin Resistance in Obese Children
Authors: Nassar May Fouad , Abd-Alhamid Enas Mokhtar , Elghoroury Eman Ahmed , Elsayed Shaimaa Adel , Elkholy Heba E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
There is an increasing incidence of obesity among children which is associated with increasing occurrence of diseases which were originally adult diseases. Among these diseases is insulin resistance which was recently found to be related to osteocalcin level.

Aim of Work
Detect the association between osteocalcin level and insulin resistance among obese children.

Subjects and Methods
The study included 40 obese children and 20 age and sex matched controls who were recruited from the Clinical Nutrition Clinic, Children`s Hospital, Ain Shams University. All children were subjected to full history taking, dietary history and anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference with calculation of body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and waist height ratio (WHtR). Laboratory tests included fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and osteocalcin level.

Results
Obesity was more prevalent among boys (57.5%) in the study population.. Insulin, fasting glucose and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the obese children compared to the controls with p- values 0.000, 0.007 and 0.000 respectively.Serum insulin ranged between 7.8-37.55 mIU/L, with mean±SD 17.11±7.22 mIU/L in patients, compared to 3.03-9.21 mIU/L, with mean±SD 6.47±1.89 mIU/L in the controls. Fasting glucose ranged between 73-127 mg/dl with mean±SD 96.90±14.41 mg/dl in patients compared to 75-105 mg/dl with mean±SD 87.15±8.79 mg/dl in the controls. HOMA IR in patients ranged between 1.85-11.35 with mean±SD 4.19±2.12 compared to 0.6-1.85 with mean±SD 1.38±0.39 in the controls. Osteocalcin levels were lower ranging between 1.2-94.5 ng/ml with mean±SD of 57.66±28.43 ng/ml in patients compared to a range of 7.2-91 ng/ml with mean±SD of 66.21±19.71 ng/ml in controls, the difference was distinct, but not statistically significant with P-value of 0.233. There were non significant negative correlations between osteocalcin level and each of BMI, WHR and WHtR with r-values -0.136, -0.171 and -0.085 and p-values 0.404, 0.291 and 0.601 respectively. Additionally, there were negative correlations with no statistically significant difference between osteocalcin level and each of fasting glucose, insulin level and HOMA-IR as P-values were 0.687,0.977 and 0.790 respectively; and r - values were -0.066, -0.005 and -0.043 respectively.

Conclusion
Insulin resistance is demonstrated in pediatric obesity and correlated with osteocalcin levels. Additionally, osteocalcin was distinctly lower in patients and although it didn’t reach statistical significance further larger scale studies are recommended to highlight its possible role as a marker of comorbidities especially insulin resistance in paediatric obesity.
Neuroglobin as a Novel Biomarker in Egyptian Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Temraz Basma Y , El-khayat Hamed A , Tomoum Hoda Y , Ramadan Maha Z , Elwakad Amany S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is the fourth member of globin family which was found to be highly expressed in central and peripheral nervous system of humans. Overexpression of neuroglobin is strongly related to a neuroprotective function.

Aim of the Study
Primary aim: to detect the levels of neuroglobin in children with Epilepsy Compared to Normal healthy Controls. Secondary aim: To compare the level of neuroglobin in controlled and uncontrolled epilepsy.

Subject and Method
The study is controlled cross sectional study which was conducted on 85 children divided into three groups: group (I) included 30 children with controlled epilepsy, group (II) included 30 children with uncontrolled epilepsy, and group (III) included 25 healthy children selected as controls of matched gender and age. Serum Ngb assay, complete blood count (CBC) were performed to all children.

Results
The overall results show that serum neuroglobin levels were significantly increased in patients’ groups than in controls. Neuroglobin levels showed no significant difference between controlled epilepsy group and uncontrolled epilepsy one.

Conclusion
Higher serum neuroglobin levels among children with epilepsy whether controlled or uncontrolled, reflecting its role as a neuroprotective marker. This study may help to discovernewer antiepileptic therapy through acting on neuroglobin levels.
Noninvasive High Frequency Ventilation as a Post-extubation Respiratory Support in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Hassan Abo-seif Ibrahim Saad , Salaheldin Sondos Ahmed , Shinkar Dina Mohammed , Ahmed Wafaa Osman , Abdelrahman Ibrahim Marwa Elsayed , El-Razek Mohammed Suzan Abd 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation aims to provide respiratory support without the pulmonary and non-pulmonary complications associated with invasivemechanical ventilation including infection, subglottic stenosis, air leak syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). There is a notable increase in use of various types of noninvasive respiratory support post extubation to ensure the sucesss of extubation and avoid re-intubation. Noninvasive high frequency ventilation (NHFOV) is a new mode of noninvasive ventilation which is achieved through the use of noninvasive continuous flow with superimposed oscillations combining the benefits of high frequency oscillatory ventilaltion and noninvasive ventilation.

Aim of Work
The primary aim of the study is to compare re-ventilation rate between noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) and NHFOV when used as post extubation respiratory support. Secondary aim was to compare workof breathing, chest X-ray grade, incidence of pneumothorax and duration to reach full enteral intake between the 2 groups.

Methodology
Sixty preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who received invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours were included in this randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomly allocated post-extubation toNIPPV or NHFOV. The 2 groups were matched regarding weight, gestational age and comorbidities during invasive ventilation. Patients were compared regarding re-ventilation rate, work of breathing assessed by Downes score, chest X-ray grade, incidence of pneumothorax and duration to reach full enteral intake.

Results
Lower re-ventilation rate was found in NHFOV group (23.3%) compared to NIPPV group (30.0%). Median duration to reach full intake was shorter in NHFOV group (8 days) compared to NIPPV group (9.5 days) however, theseresults didn’t reach statistically significant difference (P value = 0.559 value and0.299 respectively). No difference was found between studied groups regarding work of breathing assessed by Downes’ score (P value = 0.634) nor regarding chest X-ray grades (p value= 0.902). Incidence of pneumothorax was equal in NHFOV group compared to NIPPV group with p value of 0.313.

Conclusion
NHFOV is a promising safe noninvasive mode for neonates post-extubation.
Comparison between the effect of Steroid Injection, Prolotherapy Local Injection and Extracorporal Shock Wave Therapy in Treatment of Symptomatic Calcaneal Spur
Authors: El-helw Mohamed Ragaei , Fathallah Mahmoud Mohammed , El Zohiery Abeer Kadry , Mostafa Nourhan Hussien 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Calcaneal spurs are common cause of heel pain occurring anywhere along the calcaneal tuberosity and most frequently found at the insertion of the plantar fascia. They are usually asymptomatic, but when they are painful, the condition is generally the result of inflammation of the insertional fibers of the plantar fascia at the medial tuberosity. Symptomatic calcaneal spurs are often found in association with plantar fasciitis. Like plantar fasciitis, calcaneal spurs can occur alone or may be part of a systemic inflammatory condition such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout. In some patients, the cause seems to be entirely mechanical, and such patients often exhibit an abnormal gait with excessive heel strike.

Objective
To compare the effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy injection, corticosteroid injection and extracorporal shockwave in symptomatic calcaneal spur, based on clinical and functional outcome measures.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on forty-five patients diagnosed with symptomatic calcaneal spur (plantar fasciitis) for more than 6 months. The patients were recruited from Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation department at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Diagnosis was based on detailed history taking, full clinical examination, pain and functional assessments of the foot using visual analogue scale (VAS score) and foot function index (FFI).

Results
Eight weeks after treatment, the pain score by VAS was significantly improved at ESWT group mostly, less extent at prolotherapy group and least at corticosteroid group. Also the percentage of improvement in ESWT group was found higher than the other groups indicating the long term analgesic effect of ESWT. Eight weeks after treatment, the FFI subscales (pain, disability and activity limitation)and total FFI score significantly improved mostly at ESWT group, less extent at prolotherapy group and least at corticosteroid group indicating the long term beneficial effect of ESWT on the function in patients with chronic PF.

Conclusion
Although ESWT, dextrose prolotherapy injection, and local corticosteroid injection were all effective in the treatment of symptomatic calcaneal spur during 8weeks of follow-up but, ESWT was superior to all other modalities in its effect on pain intensity and function during daily life activities at long term follow up.
The Role of Intra-Articular Injection of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma versus Corticosteroids in Treatment of Synovitis in Lumbar Facet Joint Disease
Authors: Kotb Shahdan Y , Sherif Nahed M , Saleh Hala Abdulhady , Ahmed Sahar Fathi , Sakr Hossam M , Taeimah Mohamed O 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Low back pain (LBP) is an extremely common health problem and lumbar facet joint (FJ) disease is one of its main causes. Intra-articular injection of FJ is one of the vital therapeutic methods for FJ disease. Corticosteroids (CS) are the most commonly used injected drugs; however, previous studies have indicated that it has limited ability in long-term relief of LBP.

Aim of the Work
to compare the efficacy of intra-articular injection of platelet rich plasma (PRP) versus CS in improving MRI detected synovitis in correlation to clinical complaints of the patients with lumbar FJ syndrome.

Patients and Methods
Thirty patients with lumbar FJ syndrome divided into two equal groups: Group ‘I’ injected with PRP and Group ‘II’ with CS. The patients were comparatively assessed pre and post the intervention according to; number of tender lumbar FJs on palpation, maximum active lumbar extension range of motion, LBP visual analogue score (VAS), functional disability questionnaires - Roland Morris disability questionnaire (RMQ) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) - and MRI lumbar FJ detected synovitis and their grading.

Results
Both study groups showed statistical significant improvement in all mentioned parameters at 3 month follow up, there was no statistically significant difference between the results of both groups, however, PRP injected joints showed better performance regarding MRI synovitis grade in all lumbar FJ levels as compared to those injected with CS.

Conclusion
Both PRP and CS injections were determined to be effective in improvement of MRI detected FJ synovitis concurrently with improving clinical parameters, pain and functional activities of the patients at 3 months follow-up. However, PRP showed superior effect in improving MRI detected synovitis grade, therefore may be a better treatment option for longer duration efficacy and fewer side effects.

TRN
NCT04860531- 1/3/2021