bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LARGE VILLOUS ADENOMA OF THE RECTUM ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
Authors: Case Thomas C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA case is presented of a large rectal villous adenoma of eighteen months' duration associated with marked fluid and electrolyte imbalance, in a 65‐year‐old man. At operation, the bowel was found to be so extensively involved that an abdominoperineal resection with colostomy had to be performed.Abdominoperineal resection is the procedure of choice in dealing with extensive lesions of this character. Without complete removal of the tumor, the patient may fail to recover and secondary operations may not be successful.
CHANGES IN THE CORTICAL THICKNESS OF THE CLAVICLE ACCORDING TO AGE
Authors: FUJITA TAKUO , ORIMO HAJIME , OHATA MASAHIRO , YOSHIKAWA MASAKI 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Micrometer measurements in the chest roentgenograms of 197 males and 168 females whose ages ranged from 10 to 80 years, showed that the relative cortical thickness of the clavicles decreased with advancing age. When the linear regression slopes of decrease for the clavicles, metacarpals and femur were compared, the steepest slope was for the clavicles, especially in females.The use of clavicular cortical thickness as a criterion might offer a practical method of assessing skeletal age from routine posterior‐anterior chest x‐ray films.
EXOCRINE PANCREATIC FUNCTIONS IN THE AGED
Authors: FIKRY M. ESSAM 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Twenty‐three elderly males in Egypt, whose ages ranged from 60 to 72 years, underwent a study of their exocrine pancreatic functions by means of the intravenous secretin test.The results showed a reduction of the volume of pancreatic secretions (mean, 55.2 ml) to one third of the normal mean for adults, and a selective reduction in enzyme activity. Amylase and trypsin activities (554 units and 1/102 dilution respectively) were decreased to two thirds of the normal values. Lipase activity was normal (mean, 1.1 unit per ml).This reduced volume and enzyme production might be attributed to three factors acting singly or in combination: 1) the aging process itself, 2) the frequency of chronic fibrosing pancreatitis in the aged, favoured by the high incidence of gall stones, and 3) impairment of the vascular supply to the pancreas.Therapeutic supplementation of pancreatic enzymes is recommended, to prevent these clinical or latent deficiencies which may have a great bearing on the health of the aged.
HEALTH MAINTENANCE IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: HRACHOVEC JOSEF P. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Since the period of great progress against epidemic and acute diseases, a host of major chronic diseases afflicting older adults have emerged as the key health problems of our time. Concomitantly there arises the need for deeper knowledge of the causes, dimensions and subtleties of age decline in the individual's reserve capacities and resistance to disease, and the need for better understanding of the relationship of chronic diseases to environmental factors as an integral part of our search for basic measures toward health maintenance and disease prevention in older adults. The age decline in reserve capacities and in resistance to disease can either be slowed down by preventive measures and even reversed to some extent by physical exercise, or it can be further aggravated by excessive demands beyond their declining limits.The relationship of chronic diseases to environmental factors is illustrated by the effects of nutrition on the life span, on atherosclerosis and on other diseases. The relationship of obesity, diabetes and coronary heart disease to one another, to the increased ingestion of fat or sugar, to gorging, and to long‐spaced, heavy meal‐eating habits is discussed.In view of the sum total of environmental influences, a lifetime application of basic measures for health maintenance and disease prevention is stressed. Unfortunately, much too often a compromise with health is becoming an accepted pattern, possibly because of an increasing willingness to consider health not as a pure and incontestable human good, but as a generally desirable element, in active competition with other human needs such as economic gain or just plain pleasurable living.
ISSUES IN PLANNING FOR GERIATRIC SERVICES*
Authors: LEVEY SAMUEL , STOTSKY BERNARD A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: An intensive analysis is needed of the roles not only of the general hospital and of the extended care facility, but also of the skilled nursing home, the intermediate care facility and noninstitutional alternatives in providing necessary services to the aged. At present, training programs are not geared to develop a significant cadre of professionals with the idealism, enthusiasm and absence of ambivalence to move the field rapidly toward reasonable programs and measures.Rate‐setting practices in geriatric services have often led to the perpetuation of apathy and incompetence, and programs have suffered accordingly. Currently, with Medicaid, the problem is more serious because experience with Medicaid suggests that even with massive intervention by subsidies from the Federal government, patterns of care of the elderly alter little, although there is an associated large shift in the price structure, including costs and charges for such care. Controls for monitoring the quality of care have been limited, especially in extended care facilities and in nursing homes and related institutions. Unless well‐defined steps are introduced, the relationship between costs and quality of care at all levels will be subject to further variability. A critical problem is the snail‐like momentum in the creation of alternate services which could provide competition for existing methods and services. Again, the problems of manpower and incentives come to the fore. Neither exists in the abundance required to create even a modest impact on the present system.
A SAMPLING OF ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING
Authors: ZAMPELLA A. D. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: A questionnaire survey was made of 48 patients concerning their attitudes toward old age and retirement. The patients were in either a nursing home or a group medical practice in the Greater New York area; their ages ranged from 56 to 90 years. The factors investigated were: choice of retirement area, retirement attitudes, employment, recreation, religion, marriage, relationships with neighbors, family living arrangements, illness and incapacitation, Medicare, the past, the future, and death. The findings led to certain conclusions which may be helpful as guidelines in the care of the aged and in early essential planning for retirement.In this study, the elderly person who was endowed with a feeling of mature, self‐earned independence and physical well‐being, who enjoyed adequate income and housing and was happily married, retained his self‐esteem and integrity. He was less likely to become a burden on his family, friends or community, or to regress into illness that required early admission to an institution. His morale was high, even with a multiplicity of physical disorders. He retained the strong desire to maintain the identity of his personality within the mainstream of community and family life. On the other hand, undue identification with the aged and the process of aging, especially when complicated by unfortunate developments such as social, economic, emotional, personal and physical losses, evoked lifelong personality defenses in the elderly, even toward death with its increasing proximity.The best approach to care of the elderly would seem to lie in preventive medicine, i.e., averting illness by a program of health care throughout the years. This program would stress natural processes, minimizing the pathological while maintaining the physiological.
AMYLOIDOSIS: AGE OF OCCURRENCE AND RATE OF PROGRESSION: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN THE WHITE PEKIN DUCK*
Authors: RIGDON R. H. , MACK JOHN 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Primary amyloidosis is reported as occurring more often in older animals and man. This study concerned 52 white Pekin ducks from which hepatic biopsy specimens were obtained at various ages. It was found that hepatic amyloidosis occurred more frequently in older ducks, but it did occur in young white Pekins. The age at onset of hepatic amyloidosis varied. The rapidity of development also varied, as indicated by liver biopsies and by the weight of the liver.Since primary amyloidosis in man may be genetically influenced, it is important to know when amyloid first appears in the tissues, and the rate of progression.
STUDIES OF THE BLADDER DEFENSE MECHANISM. II. POSTOPERATIVE CYSTITIS IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Drach George W. , Cox Clair E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractChronic postoperative cystitis in the elderly patient is a difficult problem, and is especially annoying if all obvious anatomic abnormalities have been corrected. This study of 20 such patients who underwent bladder surgery indicates that several local resistance factors may be related to this continued urinary infection. In elderly postoperative patients with chronic cystitis the bladder defense mechanisms have reached such a state of imbalance that they cannot cope with the invading organisms either by the mechanism of voiding or by vesical‐wall defense factors. The relative importance of the various cellular and serologic local defense mechanisms in resisting bacteria in bladder urine and the bladder mucus layer, mucosa or submucosa is not known.There is no apparent quantitative histologic defect in the local bladder cellular response of the elderly patient. Therefore, a decreased quality of response is implied. In addition, trauma created by indwelling catheterization or by surgery destroys the anatomic integrity of the bladder wall and may thereby encourage the development of deep‐seated infection by permitting tissue invasion. Foci of tissue infestation by E. coli were demonstrated in 1 of 2 patients in whom it was possible to make such a study. These foci are not subject to the normal voiding defense mechanism and the antibacterial factors within the bladder or urine; they can be eliminated only by inflammatory cells, antibodies, or antibacterial agents capable of attaining bactericidal tissue levels.Two axioms were confirmed by this study: 1) any period of preoperative indwelling catheterization should be as brief as possible, and 2) specific antimicrobial therapy should be planned preoperatively so that surgery takes place at a time when the urine and tissues are sterile; this sterility should be maintained until all foreign bodies, such as catheters, are removed from the urinary tract.
DETERMINING THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT REHABILITATION*
Authors: Cain Leila S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA study was made to determine whether progress in physical therapy and psychological status are related to the following factors: diagnosis, sex, age, average number of treatments per week, length of hospital stay, and aphasia. Two eight‐week cross sections of data on patients with hemiplegia, paraplegia, quadriplegia, bilateral leg amputation, and hip fracture were analyzed statistically. The first cross section involved 123 patients (age range, 17 to 89) and the second cross section, 88 patients (age range, 17 to 90).Factors related to progress in physical therapy were: the average number of treatments (improved patients received more), length of hospital stay (longer for the improved patients), psychological status (better in the improved patients), and possibly age (improved patients were younger). Younger patients also had a better psychological status, and patients having a better psychological status received more treatments and had been in the hospital longer. Aphasic patients had a poorer psychological status than did those without aphasia.
GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY AND SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY*
Authors: Stangle Esther K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGeriatric psychiatry and social gerontology are defined. These two disciplines are comparatively new, making for wide differences of opinion owing to the great lack of fundamental data. There are also semantic problems, either related or unrelated to habit‐bound perceptions and interpretations.A case report demonstrates how, under the psychiatrist's guidance, the author assisted in the social rehabilitation of a 75‐year‐old woman. Both milieu‐ and socio‐therapy were used to help this woman move from an unsuitable large home, where she was isolated, into a retirement residence which was safer, more healthful physically and mentally, and more conducive to continuing social self‐realization.The author's work with groups is discussed. Mental stimulation and group discussion appear to help the older adult modernize his behavior and broaden his viewpoints, thus increasing his opportunities for continuing self‐development.
THE Q‐II INTERVAL. III. A STUDY OF THE SECOND HEART SOUND IN OLD AGE*
Authors: Slodki Sheldon J. , Hussain Ahmed T. , Luisada Aldo A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA study of the intervals between the onset of QRS and the aortic (IIA and pulmonic (IIP) components of the second heart sound was made in 16 subjects between 70 and 92 years of age. A group tendency toward prolongation of both Q‐IIA and Q‐IIP was found. The relatively greater prolongation of left over right ventricular systole or vice versa gave rise to reverse‐type splitting (25 per cent) or a single second sound (38 per cent) respectively; normal splitting was found in 37 per cent of the cases.The various possible causes of prolongation of these intervals are discussed. As neither diastolic hypertension nor severe ischemic heart disease was present in the group with reverse splitting, this manifestation would seem to be the result of the process of aging. Prolongation of the pre‐ejection period was an important contributory factor in some cases.On the basis of these findings, new formulas were developed for prediction of Q‐IIA and Q‐IIP which would be applicable to elderly persons.
VASCULAR PROFILE SCREENING TESTS: A NEW APPROACH TO THE DETECTION OF VASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Allison Robert D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBy means of a four‐electrode plethysmograph, blood pulse volume changes were determined over the head, neck torso and extremities in healthy subjects and in patients with vascular disease in these areas. The amplitudes of the recorded pulses, plotted bilaterally from the central line of a body silhouette, provided an outline or profile of the vascular supply. In healthy subjects the characteristic outline was symmetrical, but in patients with vascular disease it was asymmetrical in the specific areas involved.Such qualitative identification of vascular abnormalities according to recognized patterns decreases the time required to evaluate numerical data, and indicates the vascular areas in which there should be more quantitative assessment. This screening procedure is useful for the detection of early vascular disease and, when combined with quantitative evaluation, for a guide in the therapeutic management of older patients with established vascular disease.
OBESITY IN ARTHRITIS: RELATED FACTORS: DIETARY THERAPY
Authors: Traut Eugene F. , Thrift Chester B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity was compared in an arthritis clinic (699 patients) and a general medical clinic (1,026 patients). Obesity was no more common in the patients from the arthritis clinic. Among the 699 cases of arthritis there were 558 cases of degenerative (osteo‐) arthritis (D. A.) and 114 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (R. A.). Data on these forms of the disease in relation to obesity are presented with regard to sex, ethnic group, constitutional habitus, age, severity of arthritis, location of the affected joints, body weight, and the times of onset of the obesity and the arthritis.Of all the obese arthritic patients, 30 per cent had gained an average of 30 pounds before the onset of arthritis; 60 per cent had gained from 40 to 80 pounds; and 10 per cent had gained from 80 to 100 pounds. Damage to the weight‐bearing joints was related more to the percentage gain than to the absolute gain in body weight. The joints of patients with a pre‐arthritis weight of 120 pounds exhibited more damage from a body‐weight increment of 50 pounds than did the joints of patients with a pre‐arthritis weight of 180 pounds. Thirty‐seven per cent of the D. A. patients were obese before manifesting arthritis. Obesity followed arthritis in only 12 per cent of the D. A. group compared with 35 per cent of the R. A. group.Difficulties in the dietary control of obesity in these free‐clinic arthritic patients are discussed. The weight‐reducing program became more effective after limiting eligibility for return visits to patients who lost a specified number of pounds.
MENTAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATUS IN THE ELDERLY: RELATIONSHIP TO BLOOD GAS AND pH LEVELS
Authors: Landau Samuel , Ravindranath Somalinga S. , Goldberg Emanuel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOne hundred and five patients (age range, 47–93 years) in a New York City nursing home were studied to estimate the extent to which physical dysfunction and disorientation could be attributed to pulmonary insufficiency. Arterial blood gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and pH were determined on all subjects. Venous and arterial blood gases were compared and found to be variable over a wide range. Only a small percentage of the patients had respiratory insufficiency as defined on the basis of blood gas levels, and their distribution appeared to be random with regard to mental and physical function. Respiratory insufficiency was not a significant cause of disorientation and physical dysfunction in this nursing‐home group. Hyperpnea and respiratory alkalosis were present in all patients. Severe hypocarbia and alkalosis appeared to affect the prognosis unfavorably.
INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN DRUGS ON CATARACT FORMATION*
Authors: Abraham Samuel V. , Teller Jerome J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA study was made of 636 eyes (336 treated with miotics and 300 untreated) in two age groups of patients: (a) 40–64 years, and (b) 65–88 years. The results definitely indicated the greater frequency of cataracts in the older patients, and the greater rapidity of lens changes in those treated with the stronger miotics.There seems to be no characteristic change in the lens that can be attributed to any specific toxin or drug. Early lens changes usually involve the younger lens fibers. Lens changes depend upon the age of the subject, the severity and duration of the injurious factor, the length of time elapsing since the “insult,” and the general state of health.
VARIABLES IN HOST RESISTANCE PERTAINING TO SEPTICEMIA. I. BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL
Authors: Robson Martin C. , Heggers John P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMany factors are important in host resistance to infection, but the mechanisms have not been elucidated. This study of 267 cases of septicemia concerns one factor of host resistance—the blood glucose level. It appears to affect Gram‐negative organisms differently from Gram‐positive organisms. The average concentration of blood glucose in the patients with Gram‐negative septicemia was significantly lower than in the patients with Gram‐positive septicemia, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that this relationship, as gleaned from our retrospective clinical study, be investigated further as a possible means of elucidating and monitoring over‐all host resistance to infection.
INTRAGASTRIC COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Nelson Robert S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntragastric color photography has been performed routinely for approximately ten years at the M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute by the use of 1) directed photography, with the intra‐ or extragastric camera attached to a gastroscope, and 2) blind photography, with only the intragastric camera in the inflated stomach. The value of the blind photography method in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer is now being assessed. Direct photography is firmly established as a method for recording the gross features of neoplastic lesions, for evaluation of equivocal findings, and for the training of endoscopists. The ability to take color pictures of the interior of the stomach may in time improve the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.
THE HOSPITAL RECORD AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICIAN POSTGRADUATE EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR FIELD*
Authors: Taubenhaus Leon J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA tool for the assessment of physician practices was developed by means of hospital record review for two cardiovascular syndromes—acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. The application of this method to a review of the records of three community hospitals identified deficiencies in medical practice and indicated that such review could be useful in the design as well as in the evaluation of postgraduate education.
SOME TERMINAL ASPECTS OF DISEASE IN OLD AGE: A CLINICAL STUDY OF 300 PATIENTS
Authors: Howell Trevor H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe terminal stages of life were observed in 300 patients whose ages ranged between 65 and 104 years. The clinical syndromes found to be associated with the final deterioration were classified into four groups: 1) ischaemia in 31 per cent; 2) toxaemia in 15 per cent; 3) unexpected complications in 25 per cent; and 4) incomplete or unsatisfactory diagnosis in 29 per cent.In geriatrics the direction and speed of the patient's course are more important than the patient's exact position at any given time.
POTENTIALITIES FOR RESEARCH ON MECHANISMS OF AGING
Authors: Hrachovec Josef P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe interesting findings of many studies on aging are outlined. These indicate the importance of large‐scale research on the biology of senescence as an integral part of health maintenance and disease prevention. The Research on Aging Act (Bill 870), now before the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, deserves active evidence of the support of all physicians, since on its passage will depend many programs for the improvement of health in the later years of life.
PROLAPSUS UTERI CAUSING HYDRONEPHROSIS
Authors: Mueller‐Heubach Eberhard 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis report concerns the findings in 3 fatal cases of third‐degree prolapse of the uterus with pronounced hydronephrosis. The cause of the urinary obstruction in patients with prolapsus uteri seems to be compression of the ureters by the plexus of thickened uterine vessels which are stretched abnormally by the prolapsed cervix. This compression usually occurs at the point where the ureters and the blood vessels lie athwart one another in the base of the broad ligament.Early correction of uterine prolapse is advocated because, even in longstanding cases, it may result in regression of the ureteral dilatation and thus prevent pyelonephrosis or uremia.