bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the effects of citric acid and EDTA on cell viability of cultured human periodontal ligament cells attached to simulated avulsed permanent tooth using a spectrofluorometer–An in vitro study
Authors: Doiphode Avani Ramesh , Kalaskar Ritesh Rambharos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground/AimThe delayed re‐implantation of avulsed teeth results in ankylosis, followed by replacement resorption and eventual loss of the tooth within 2–4 years. To prevent tooth loss, the root surface can be etched with acid to expose the collagen fibers present in the cementum layer. This process facilitates normal reattachment and regeneration of the periodontal ligament. This in‐vitro study aimed to assess the viability and number of attached cultured Human Periodontal Ligament Cells (HPLC) on the dehydrated root surface of simulated avulsed teeth treated with citric acid and EDTA solutions.Materials and MethodsSound human permanent teeth were included in the study. The root portions of the teeth were sectioned into slices, air‐dried for 1 h, and divided into the following three groups: Group A–control; Group B–Citric acid treated for 30 min; Group C–EDTA treated for 5 min. The slices were then placed in cultured HPLC. After a 24‐h incubation period, the slices were visualized under the microscope and prepared for reading the viable and dead HPLC using a spectrofluorometer, as well as for counting HPLC in a Neubauer Chamber.ResultsThe spectrofluorometer intensity for viable and dead HPLC showed a statistically significant difference (p = .003 and p = .002), with the mean intensity for viable HPLC greater in citric acid group (69.52 ± 74.51), followed by EDTA group (31.39 ± 9.12), and control group (−130.93 ± 30.99). The dead HPLC intensity was greater in the EDTA group (19.43 ± 47.31), followed by the citric acid group (1.28 ± 1.85), and the control group (−2.77 ± 0.76). The total number of cells in the Neubauer chamber showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001), with a higher count in the citric acid group (10.83 ± 4.08) followed by EDTA group (2.92 ± 2.92).ConclusionThe application of citric acid for 30 min on the dehydrated root surface of avulsed teeth demonstrated superior outcomes compared to both EDTA treatment for 5 min and the control group.
Changes in spinal curve during dentistry studies measured with a Spinal Mouse device: A five‐year prospective study
Authors: Kapitán Martin , Jouklová Nela , Machač Stanislav , Hodačová Lenka , Čermáková Eva , Schmidt Jan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) often arise and develop during dentistry studies. The most affected regions are related to the spine. Possible associations between spinal curve parameters and MSDs have not yet been investigated amongst dentistry students. This longitudinal observational study aimed to determine whether spinal curve changes during dentistry studies, analyse the relationship between objective findings and subjectively declared MSDs and compare spinal curve parameters with those published in the literature.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐three dentistry students answered a questionnaire on MSDs, and were examined using the Spinal Mouse® device at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of their 5‐year study.ResultsThe spinal curve exhibited a gender diversity in the lumbar lordosis angle, sacrum inclination, and thoracolumbar ratio. From the first to fifth study year, we observed an increase in the range of motions in the sagittal and frontal planes, an increase in the maximal extent of right lateral inclination, and a decrease in maximal left lateral inclination. Whole‐spine backward inclination increased only in women, and forward sacral inclination decreased. No statistically significant relationships were found between the objective findings and subjectively declared MSDs.ConclusionsThe spinal curve shape differed between men and women and changed during dentistry studies. No objective markers or predictors of MSDs were found amongst the dentistry students. These findings can serve as a benchmark for further studies on the association between MSDs and objective findings.
Optimizing hybrid deep learning models for drug‐target interaction prediction: A comparative analysis of evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Sharma Moolchand , Bhatia Aryan , Akhil  , Dutta Ashit Kumar , Alsubai Shtwai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the realm of Drug‐Target Interaction (DTI) prediction, this research investigates and contrasts the efficacy of diverse evolutionary algorithms in fine‐tuning a sophisticated hybrid deep learning model. Recognizing the critical role of DTI in drug discovery and repositioning, we tackle the challenges of binary classification by reframing the problem as a regression task. Our focus lies on the Convolution Self‐Attention Network with Attention‐based bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory Network (CSAN‐BiLSTM‐Att), a hybrid model combining convolutional neural network (CNN) blocks, self‐attention mechanisms, and bidirectional LSTM layers. To optimize this complex model, we employ Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Memetic Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (MPSOA), Fire Hawk Optimization (FHO), and Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA). Through thorough comparative analysis, we evaluate the performance of these evolutionary algorithms in enhancing the CSAN‐BiLSTM‐Att model's effectiveness. By examining the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm, our study aims to provide valuable insights into DTI prediction, identifying the most effective evolutionary algorithm for hyperparameter tuning in advanced deep learning models. Notably, Fire‐hawk optimization (FHO) emerges as particularly promising, achieving the highest Concordance Index (C‐index) as 0.974 for KIBA datasets and 0.894 for DAVIS datasets and demonstrating exceptional accuracy in ranking continuous predictions across both the datasets.
TMaD: Three‐tier malware detection using multi‐view feature for secure convergence ICT environments
Authors: Jeon Jueun , Jeong Byeonghui , Baek Seungyeon , Jeong Young‐Sik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs digital transformation accelerates, data generated in a convergence information and communication technology (ICT) environment must be secured. This data includes confidential information such as personal and financial information, so attackers spread malware in convergence ICT environments to steal this information. To protect convergence ICT environments from diverse cyber threats, deep learning models have been utilized for malware detection. However, accurately detecting rapidly generated variants and obfuscated malware is challenging. This study proposes a three‐tier malware detection (TMaD) scheme that utilizes a cloud‐fog‐edge collaborative architecture to analyse multi‐view features of executable files and detect malware. TMaD performs signature‐based malware detection at the edge device tier, then sends executables detected as unknown or benign to the fog tier. The fog tier conducts static analysis on non‐obfuscated executables and those transferred from the previous tier to detect variant malware. Subsequently, TMaD sends executables detected as benign in the fog tier to the cloud tier, where dynamic analysis is performed on obfuscated executables and those detected as benign to identify obfuscated malware. An evaluation of TMaD's detection performance resulted in an accuracy of 94.78%, a recall of 0.9794, a precision of 0.9535, and an f1‐score of 0.9663. This performance demonstrates that TMaD, by analysing executables across several tiers and minimizing false negatives, exhibits superior detection performance compared to existing malware detection models.
A scoping review: Group‐based parenting programs for racially and ethnically diverse parents of preschoolers
Authors: Christensen Elizabeth J. , Mogbojuri Oluwatobi , Nathans Laura L. , Hoover Michelle , Rhodes Daniel , Walsh Bridget A. , Medaille Ann 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe reviewed current research on group‐based parenting programs for racially and ethnically minoritized parents with preschoolers to provide a synthesis of how these programs are implemented.BackgroundGroup‐based parenting programs are an efficient and cost‐effective means of providing education and support to multiple parents simultaneously (Olofsson et al., 2016), yet most have been developed for White families (Schilling et al., 2021). No previous research has presented a synthesis of work exploring the range of parenting programs and characteristics for racially and ethnically minoritized families with preschool‐aged children.MethodWe conducted a scoping review guided by the foundations of family life education (FFLE) model (Darling et al., 2020) and using recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute, Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews guidelines. The final synthesis included 15 peer‐reviewed empirical studies.ResultsResults highlight commonalities among programs, alignment with the FFLE model, and needs for future research with more diverse populations and specific child age groups.ConclusionGroup‐based parenting programs for racially and ethnically diverse families with preschoolers are effective but limited in number and scope.ImplicationsTo ensure that parenting programs are effective and tailored to the diverse needs of individuals and their communities, it is important to consider cultural and contextual factors, make necessary adaptations to practices, content, and delivery methods, and involve racially and ethnically minoritized parents in developing, implementing, and evaluating these programs. There should be an expansion of parenting programs offered at public schools.
The U.S. Dollar and variance risk premia imbalances
Authors: Kjær Mads Markvart , Posselt Anders Merrild 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present a novel predictor for the Dollar factor: variance risk premia imbalances (VPI), defined as the difference in variance risk premium between the U.S. and non‐U.S. countries. We argue that VPI theoretically proxies the average volatility differential between the U.S. and non‐U.S. stochastic discount factors. VPI significantly predicts monthly U.S. dollar movements, explains roughly 10% of next‐month Dollar factor variation, and generates significant economic value for investors. We rationalize our findings in a simple consumption‐based asset pricing model.
Micro‐ and nano‐plastic loads in fish and macroinvertebrates in a tropical river
Authors: Ng Yong Sin , Selvam Sivathass Bannir , Ting Kang Nee , Chen Hui Ling , Muthoosamy Kasturi , Gibbins Christopher 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study examines microplastic contamination in river macroinvertebrates and fish within a rapidly urbanising tropical catchment, and provides data on the quantity of microplastics ingested by various taxonomic and functional feeding groups.

We employed both a widely used low‐resolution visual inspection method, capable of identifying microplastics ranging from 0.1 to 5 mm, and a novel automated method specifically designed to identify smaller plastics in the nano size range, from 0.004 to 0.1 mm.

Analysis using the low‐resolution method indicated that a significant portion of fish (95%) and macroinvertebrates (44%) contained larger microplastics. The composition of microplastic within the animals differed from that in river water and on the river bed: microplastics in the water and on the bed were predominantly fibres (98% and 92% respectively), whereas the animals exhibited a more even mix of fibres (c. 35%), fragments (c. 43%), and film (c. 22%).

Microplastic loads in aquatic organisms correlated with feeding group and body size, although patterns were not always consistent. Larger individuals generally contained more microplastic, especially among macroinvertebrates, but this trend was not observed uniformly among fish species. Additionally, differences in body loads among macroinvertebrate taxa and feeding groups varied depending on whether loads were expressed per individual or per unit weight.

Use of the high‐resolution enumeration method revealed a substantially higher microplastic count compared to the low‐resolution method, highlighting the potential underestimation of contamination levels by the latter. The study underscores the non‐random uptake of microplastics by aquatic biota, influenced by feeding mode, and stresses the necessity of high‐resolution sample processing for accurate quantification of contamination levels and risk assessment for smaller organisms.
Water addition but not reduction alters plant biomass–diversity relationship
Authors: Yu Yan , Peñuelas Josep , Sardans Jordi , Pei Jiu‐ying , Li Ge , Liu Guo‐lin , Ye Jian‐Sheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe relationship between plant aboveground biomass and diversity typically follows a unimodal pattern, showing a positive correlation in resource‐poor habitats and a negative correlation in resource‐rich environments. Precipitation is a crucial resource for both plant biomass and diversity in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the impact of precipitation changes on the relationship between plant biomass and diversity remains unclear. We conduct a water addition field experiment in a semiarid grassland and identify a unimodal relationship between plant biomass and species richness under ambient conditions. Water addition delays the declining phase of this unimodal curve and shift it upward compared to ambient conditions. Our meta‐analysis of water addition experiments conducted across major biomes worldwide (grassland, shrubland, desert, and forest) supports this finding, while water reduction does not alter the biomass–diversity relationship. Water addition increases biomass in all climate but only increases species richness in arid and semiarid climate. Similarly, water reduction decreases biomass in all climate but only reduces species richness in arid and semiarid climate. Species richness in dry subhumid and humid climate does not change significantly. Furthermore, our field experiment shows that water addition increases plant diversity while decreasing soil inorganic nitrogen levels. The increase in one resource, such as water, leads to the scarcity of another, such as nutrient, thus postponing the declining phase of the plant biomass–diversity relationship typically observed in resource‐rich habitats. Our research contributes to predicting the plant biomass–diversity relationship under changing precipitation conditions and highlights the complex interplay between water availability, nutrient level, and plant diversity.
Uncertainties in greenhouse gas emission factors: A comprehensive analysis of switchgrass‐based biofuel production
Authors: Kim Seungdo , Dale Bruce E. , Basso Bruno 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates uncertainties in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors related to switchgrass‐based biofuel production in Michigan. Using three life cycle assessment (LCA) databases—US lifecycle inventory (USLCI) database, GREET, and Ecoinvent—each with multiple versions, we recalculated the global warming intensity (GWI) and GHG mitigation potential in a static calculation. Employing Monte Carlo simulations along with local and global sensitivity analyses, we assess uncertainties and pinpoint key parameters influencing GWI. The convergence of results across our previous study, static calculations, and Monte Carlo simulations enhances the credibility of estimated GWI values. Static calculations, validated by Monte Carlo simulations, offer reasonable central tendencies, providing a robust foundation for policy considerations. However, the wider range observed in Monte Carlo simulations underscores the importance of potential variations and uncertainties in real‐world applications. Sensitivity analyses identify biofuel yield, GHG emissions of electricity, and soil organic carbon (SOC) change as pivotal parameters influencing GWI. Decreasing uncertainties in GWI may be achieved by making greater efforts to acquire more precise data on these parameters. Our study emphasizes the significance of considering diverse GHG factors and databases in GWI assessments and stresses the need for accurate electricity fuel mixes, crucial information for refining GWI assessments and informing strategies for sustainable biofuel production.
UNEQUAL PEACE
Authors: Kamranzadeh Ali , Zheng Charles Z. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA mediator proposes a settlement between two contestants to avoid a conflict where the cost each contestant bears is inversely related to the contestant's privately known strength. Their strength levels are identically distributed, and their welfares weigh equally in the mediator's objective. However, the optimal proposal offers one contestant much more than it does the other so that the former accepts it always, whereas the latter only occasionally. This unequal treatment improves the prospect of peace by making one contestant willing to settle without fearing that the action signals his weakness that his opponent can exploit should conflict occur.
Antecedents to premium fruit and vegetable consumption: The new theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Mainardes Emerson Wagner , Marcarini Bruno Correa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the elements that favour the consumption of horticultural foods in the premium category. For this purpose, we elaborated a structural model, based on the updated version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and with the inclusion of the constructs healthy habit and functional congruence. We conducted a survey with 288 consumers of fruits and vegetables. The results show that the purchase intention of consumers of premium fruits and vegetables tends to be positively influenced by attitude, subjective norms, healthy habits and the functional congruence of consumers, and such congruence also impacts the attitude. Purchase intention tends to positively impact purchase behaviour. Perceived behavioural control (PBC) tends to boost the influence of attitude on intention and decrease the strength that subjective norms exert on this same purchase intention. We conclude that consumers’ attitudes, the opinions of their social core, PBC, their healthy habits, and functional congruence can impact consumers’ intention to buy produce in the premium category and, consequently, their purchasing behaviour. This study contributes to the theory with its findings regarding the role of healthy habits and functional congruence in the updated TPB model applied to the premium fruit and vegetable market.
Measuring the relationship between reciprocity behaviour and technology readiness of nursing staff working in residential care and community nursing: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Coffetti Elvira , Paans Wolter , Krijnen Wim P. , Roodbol Petrie F. , Finnema Evelyn J. , Zuidersma Jelly 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to measure how collaborative factors are associated with the technology readiness of nursing staff working in residential care and community nursing. The Reciprocity Instrument and Technology Readiness Index 2.0 were applied to measure this association.DesignA cross‐sectional survey was conducted between October 2020 and January 2021.MethodsThe Technology Readiness Index 2.0 was translated into Dutch, administered together with the Reciprocity Instrument and linguistically validated. And 1660 Registered Nurses and Nursing Assistants received an invitation to the online survey. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to analyse the data.ResultsA total of 475 nursing staff responded, a response rate of 28.6%. The following factors have a statistically significant association with technology readiness: age, education level, years of working experience, type of organization, reciprocity behaviour and conditions of reciprocity behaviour: digital communication usage to reach one another, multilayeredness and future perspective.ConclusionThis study shows that reciprocity behaviour is positively associated with technology readiness. The influencing factor reciprocity remains intact after the correction of the other factors that were measured. This confirms the relevance of collaborative factors that influence the technology adoption process of nursing staff working in residential care and community nursing.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThis study offers insights into how collaboration based on reciprocity behaviour positively impacts the technology readiness of nursing staff engaged in residential care and community nursing and could be used in the education of nursing staff and healthcare teams.ImpactBeing aware of the impact that collaborative factors have on the adoption process of ICT among nursing staff could be used to support the desired preparatory activities as part of ICT implementation for healthcare managers, innovators, and nursing work groups charged with implementing technology in the healthcare process.Reporting MethodThe study has adhered to STROBE guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Precision of Public Information Disclosures, Banks' Stability, and Welfare
Authors: MORENO DIEGO , TAKALO TUOMAS 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConsider a bank which chooses an asset portfolio and then, upon the public disclosure of the results of a review of its quality, raises funds by offering a repayment promise. We show that increasing the precision of information about the quality of the bank's assets lowers the cost of funding of a sound bank and encourages it to take risk. Maximum stability is reached in an opaque environment. Maximum surplus is reached in an opaque (transparent) environment when the social costs of bank failure are large (small). We examine how these conclusions change under alternative information and contractual conditions.
Kelp dissolved organic carbon release is seasonal and annually enhanced during senescence
Authors: Carlson Andrew Kalani , Yoshimura Takeshi , Kudo Isao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMacroalgae influence local and global biogeochemical cycles through their production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Yet, data remain scarce and annualized estimates are typically based on high growth periods without considering seasonal variability. Although the mechanisms of active exudation and passive leakage need clarifying, ecophysiological stress is known to enhance DOC release. Therefore, DOC leakage from seasonally senescent macroalgae may be overlooked. This study focuses on the annual kelpSaccharina japonicavar.religiosa(class Phaeophyceae) from Oshoro Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. Three years (2020–2022) of seasonal data were collected and analyzed, with least squares mean DOC release rates established for kelp (n = 88) across 16 incubation experiments (t ≥ 4 d, DOC samples ≥1 · d−1) under different photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) treatments (200, 400, 1200, or 1500 μmol photons · m−2· s−1). Differences in PAR, dry weight biomass (g DW), sea surface temperature, or salinity could not explain DOC release‐rate variability, which was high between individual kelp. Instead, there were significant intra‐annual differences, with mean DOC release rates (mg C · g−1DW · d−1 ± standard error betweennkelp) higher during the autumn “late decay” period (0.71 ± 0.10,n = 27) compared to the winter “early growth” period (0.14 ± 0.025,n = 10) and summer “early decay” period (0.25 ± 0.050,n = 24). This relationship between seasonal senescence and macroalgal DOC release is further evidence that long‐term, place‐based studies of DOC dynamics are essential and that global extrapolations are premature.