bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Childhood Anaphylaxis in Singapore: 2015–2022
Authors: Goh Si Hui , Yap Gaik Chin , Cheng Hsin Yue , Chiang Wen Chin , Soh Jian Yi , Chong Kok Wee , Goh Anne , Tham Elizabeth Huiwen , Tyebally Arif , Ganapathy Sashikumar , Ibrahim Irwani , Lee Bee Wah 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere has been limited data regarding the incidence of anaphylaxis in Asia. We aim to describe patterns in patient characteristics, triggers and clinical presentation of childhood anaphylaxis in Singapore.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of emergency electronic medical records of children with anaphylaxis. Patients with the allergy‐related diagnoses of anaphylaxis, angioedema, allergy and urticaria based on ICD‐9 codes were screened. Cases fulfilling the World Allergy Organization criteria for anaphylaxis were included.ResultsA total of 1188 cases of anaphylaxis were identified with a median age of 6.3 years. Extrapolating data from the study sites, from 2015 to 2022, the incidence rate of childhood anaphylaxis emergency visits in Singapore doubled from 18.9 to 38.8 per 100,000 person‐years, with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 2.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.70–2.49). In 2022, the incidence rate of food anaphylaxis was 30.1 per 100,000 person‐years, IRR 2.39 (95% CI 1.90–3.01) and drug anaphylaxis was 4.6 per 100,000 person‐years, IRR 1.89 (95% CI 1.11–3.25). The incidence rate in children aged 0–4 years quadrupled during the study period. Common triggers were egg (10.4%), peanut (9.3%), tree nut (8.8%), milk (8%), shellfish (7.8%) and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (4.4%). The majority (88.6%) of patients were treated with intramuscular adrenaline. Total number of allergy‐related visits did not increase over time between 2015 and 2019. Rates of severe anaphylaxis, namely anaphylactic shock and admission to high‐dependency and intensive care, did not increase over time, with a mean incidence of 1.6, IRR 0.85 (95% CI 0.40–1.83) and 0.7, IRR 1.77 (95% CI 0.54–5.76) per 100,000 person‐years, respectively.ConclusionWhile the number of emergency visits due to childhood anaphylaxis has increased, the number of cases of allergy‐related visits, anaphylactic shock and anaphylaxis requiring high‐dependency and intensive care did not rise.
Similarity or stereotypes? An investigation of how exemplar gender guides children's math learning
Authors: Riggs Anne E. , Gonzalez Antonya Marie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHow does the representation of boy and girl exemplars in curricular materials affect students’ learning? We tested two competing hypotheses about the impact of gender exemplar on learning: First, in line with Social Learning Theory, children might exhibit a same‐gender bias such that they prefer to learn from exemplars that match their gender (H1). Second, consistent with research on children's stereotypes about gender and math (e.g., associating boys with math competence), children might prefer to learn from exemplars who match their stereotypes about who is good at math (H2). We tested these hypotheses with children in middle school (N = 166), a time of development in which stereotypes are well‐engrained, but before gender differences in math achievement appear. Children viewed two distinct math strategies, each presented by a boy or girl exemplar. We then examined which strategy children employed on a subsequent math test as well as their perceived similarity to the exemplars and their awareness or endorsement of gender‐math stereotypes. Children did not preferentially learn from same‐gender exemplars. However, children with stereotypes associating boys with math were more likely to learn the more difficult strategy when it was presented by a boy exemplar than children who did not associate boys with math. The results of this study provide valuable insight into how children's stereotypes impact their real‐world learning.Research Highlights
How does the representation of boy and girl exemplars in children's curricular materials affect their learning?
Past research demonstrates that children prefer to learn from same‐gender exemplars, but also hold a stereotype that boys are better at math.
In the current study, we test whether children preferentially adopt a math strategy presented by a boy or girl exemplar.
Children who held the belief that boys are better at math were more likely to learn a difficult strategy from boy exemplars than children who did not endorse this stereotype.
Type 2 diabetes, glycaemic traits, structural brain capacity and cognitive function: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Luo Manjun , Sun Mengting , Wang Tingting , Wei Jianhui , Ruan Xiaorui , Chen Kebin , Ou Jun , Chen Yige , Qin Jiabi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo estimate the causal associations of type 2 diabetes and glycaemic traits with cognitive function, and to determine the potential mediating role of various brain imaging‐derived phenotypes (IDPs) using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsUsing publicly available summary data, we performed a series of univariable and multivariable MR analysis to infer causality. Two‐step MR analysis was then conducted in turn to evaluate the potential mediating role of each brain IDP.ResultsThere was no evidence of causal associations between type 2 diabetes and cognitive function outcomes. Each 1‐SD unit higher genetically predicted fasting proinsulin was associated with worse cognitive performance, as evidenced by both univariable (beta: −0.022; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.038, −0.007) and multivariable MR analysis (beta: −0.027; 95% CI −0.048, −0.005). In addition, the univariable MR analysis identified several causal associations between fasting proinsulin and brain IDPs, and between brain IDPs and cognitive performance. The inverse association of genetically predicted fasting proinsulin with cognitive performance did not attenuate after adjusting for each of the brain IDPs in multivariable MR analysis.ConclusionsThe present MR study provided credible evidence for the causal association between genetically predicted fasting proinsulin and cognitive function, informing a potential diagnosis and intervention target for patients with cognitive impairment. No significant brain IDP included in this study was identified as lying on the causal pathway from fasting proinsulin to cognitive performance. Future research involving more specific and granular brain IDP or other brain process is warranted to explore the potential biological mechanism underlying the association.
Studying interactions among anthropogenic stressors in freshwater ecosystems: A systematic review of 2396 multiple‐stressor experiments
Authors: Orr James A. , Macaulay Samuel J. , Mordente Adriana , Burgess Benjamin , Albini Dania , Hunn Julia G. , Restrepo‐Sulez Katherin , Wilson Ramesh , Schechner Anne , Robertson Aoife M. , Lee Bethany , Stuparyk Blake R. , Singh Delezia , O'Loughlin Isobel , Piggott Jeremy J. , Zhu Jiangqiu , Dinh Khuong V. , Archer Louise C. , Penk Marcin , Vu Minh Thi Thuy , Juvigny‐Khenafou Noël P. D. , Zhang Peiyu , Sanders Philip , Schäfer Ralf B. , Vinebrooke Rolf D. , Hilt Sabine , Reed Thomas , Jackson Michelle C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the interactions among anthropogenic stressors is critical for effective conservation and management of ecosystems. Freshwater scientists have invested considerable resources in conducting factorial experiments to disentangle stressor interactions by testing their individual and combined effects. However, the diversity of stressors and systems studied has hindered previous syntheses of this body of research. To overcome this challenge, we used a novel machine learning framework to identify relevant studies from over 235,000 publications. Our synthesis resulted in a new dataset of 2396 multiple‐stressor experiments in freshwater systems. By summarizing the methods used in these studies, quantifying trends in the popularity of the investigated stressors, and performing co‐occurrence analysis, we produce the most comprehensive overview of this diverse field of research to date. We provide both a taxonomy grouping the 909 investigated stressors into 31 classes and an open‐source and interactive version of the dataset (https://jamesaorr.shinyapps.io/freshwater‐multiple‐stressors/). Inspired by our results, we provide a framework to help clarify whether statistical interactions detected by factorial experiments align with stressor interactions of interest, and we outline general guidelines for the design of multiple‐stressor experiments relevant to any system. We conclude by highlighting the research directions required to better understand freshwater ecosystems facing multiple stressors.
Sex‐ and age‐related shift of relapse phenotypes in a cohort of relapsing multiple sclerosis patients: Post hoc analysis from the OPERA phase 3 trials
Authors: Leon Betancourt A. , Hoepner Robert , Hammer Helly , Chan Andrew , Salmen Anke 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeRelapse presentation in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) differs between sexes, leading to differential outcomes. An influence of age seems likely but is less well investigated separately for women and men.MethodsUsing the large well‐defined dataset of the pivotal trials of ocrelizumab in RMS, OPERA I and II, and their open‐label extension, we performed a post hoc analysis to investigate relapse phenotypes for sex‐ and age‐related differences in n = 929 relapses in 534 subjects (171 men, 363 women). Frequencies of affected functional systems were analyzed separated by sex and for three age strata (<35, 35–44, ≥45 years). Exact p‐values are given for this exploratory analysis.ResultsFrequencies of mono‐ versus polysymptomatic relapse presentations were different neither between sexes nor in different age groups. Cerebellar symptoms were more frequent in relapses in men (female [f]: 23.1%, male [m]: 33.0%, p = 0.002), and women's relapses included more sensory (f: 53.8%, m: 32.3%, p < 0.001) and fatigue symptoms (f: 22.6%, m: 14.7%, p = 0.006). Whereas the sex difference for sensory involvement was present over all age groups (<35 years: f: 58.3%, m: 30.4%, p < 0.001; 35–44 years: f: 53.7%, m: 36.0%, p = 0.003; ≥45 years: f: 47.8%, m: 28.8%, p = 0.009), the difference for cerebellar involvement diminished with age (<35 years: f: 20.1%, m: 33.3%, p = 0.009; 35–44 years: f: 22.7%, m: 34.2%, p = 0.034; ≥45 years: f: 27.8%, m: 30.3%, p = 0.750). Relapse presentation seemed to shift with age in women only.ConclusionsWe describe sex‐specific relapse presentations and an influence of age only for women. Underlying causal factors warrant further investigations.
ImageVeriBypasser: An image verification code recognition approach based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ji Tong , Luo Yuxin , Lin Yifeng , Yang Yuer , Zheng Qian , Lian Siwei , Li Junjie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe recent period has witnessed automated crawlers designed to automatically crack passwords, which greatly risks various aspects of our lives. To prevent passwords from being cracked, image verification codes have been implemented to accomplish the human–machine verification. It is important to note, however, that the most widely‐used image verification codes, especially the visual reasoning Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHAs), are still susceptible to attacks by artificial intelligence. Taking the visual reasoning CAPTCHAs representing the image verification codes, this study introduces an enhanced approach for generating image verification codes and proposes an improved Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)‐based recognition system. After we add a fully connected layer and briefly solve the edge of stability issue, the accuracy of the improved CNN model can smoothly approach 98.40% within 50 epochs on the image verification codes with four digits using a large initial learning rate of 0.01. Compared with the baseline model, it is approximately 37.82% better in accuracy without obvious curve oscillation. The improved CNN model can also smoothly reach the accuracy of 99.00% within 7500 epochs on the image verification codes with six characters, including digits, upper‐case alphabets, lower‐case alphabets, and symbols. A detailed comparison between our proposed approach and the baseline one is presented. The relationship between the time consumption and the length of the seeds is compared theoretically. Subsequently, we figure out the threat assignments on the visual reasoning CAPTCHAs with different lengths based on four machine learning models. Based on the threat assignments, the Kaplan‐Meier (KM) curves are computed.
Dual resource constrained flexible job shop scheduling with sequence‐dependent setup time
Authors: Barak Sasan , Javanmard Shima , Moghdani Reza 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the imperative need for efficient solutions in the context of the dual resource constrained flexible job shop scheduling problem with sequence‐dependent setup times (DRCFJS‐SDSTs). We introduce a pioneering tri‐objective mixed‐integer linear mathematical model tailored to this complex challenge. Our model is designed to optimize the assignment of operations to candidate multi‐skilled machines and operators, with the primary goals of minimizing operators' idleness cost and sequence‐dependent setup time‐related expenses. Additionally, it aims to mitigate total tardiness and earliness penalties while regulating maximum machine workload. Given the NP‐hard nature of the proposed DRCFJS‐SDST, we employ the epsilon constraint method to derive exact optimal solutions for small‐scale problems. For larger instances, we develop a modified variant of the multi‐objective invasive weed optimization (MOIWO) algorithm, enhanced by a fuzzy sorting algorithm for competitive exclusion. In the absence of established benchmarks in the literature, we validate our solutions against those generated by multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and non‐dominated sorted genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II). Through comparative analysis, we demonstrate the superior performance of MOIWO. Specifically, when compared with NSGA‐II, MOIWO achieves success rates of 90.83% and shows similar performance in 4.17% of cases. Moreover, compared with MOPSO, MOIWO achieves success rates of 84.17% and exhibits similar performance in 9.17% of cases. These findings contribute significantly to the advancement of scheduling optimization methodologies.
Fracturing behavior and mechanism of flawed disc specimens under compressive loading using geometry‐constraint‐based nonordinary state‐based peridynamics
Authors: Niu Yong , Shou Yundong , Guo Pengfei , Hu Yunjin , Liu Bolong , Wang Longfei , Zhang Ranran 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA geometry‐constraint‐based nonordinary state‐based peridynamic (GC‐NOSBPD) model is developed to investigate the fracture characteristics of flawed brittle disc specimens under compressive loading as well as its fracturing mechanism. The bond‐associated horizon (BAH) size is directly defined based on the kinematic constraint (KC). This proposed model can well mitigate the numerical oscillation. The failure criteria based on the bond‐associated stress state are utilized to simulate the fracture of materials. Two stress effects can offer an insight into the fracturing mechanism of flawed specimens. The failure modes of flawed specimens are controlled by the tensile failure, and the crack growth trajectories acquired by the present numerical model are equivalent to those obtained by the experimental observations. The effects of size and crack inclination angles on the fracture toughness of brittle materials are assessed. The GC‐NOSBPD model is competent for evaluating the fracture damage of flawed brittle materials and understanding its failure mechanism.
A novel approach combining the extended finite element method and the finite element over‐deterministic method to predict mixed‐mode fracture of rock by using unstructured coarse mesh
Authors: Mehraban Mohammad Reza , Ayatollahi Majid Reza , Ghouli Saeid , Bahrami Bahador 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA rapid and appropriate evaluation of the crack asymptote coefficients is essential for estimating the fracture growth in rock materials with inherent cracks and discontinuities. In the present study, the extended finite element method (XFEM), implemented with free coarse mesh, is used in conjunction with the finite element over‐deterministic (FEOD) method to determine the stress intensity factors (SIFs) and T‐stress for mixed‐mode I/II in‐plane loading of cracked rock specimens. Then, the generalized strain energy density (GSED) criterion is employed to estimate both fracture load and crack initiation angle for two types of rock pre‐cracked specimens. The predictions of the GSED criterion are then benchmarked against the experimental results, here obtained from three‐point bend tests on Neyriz marble. It is shown that such an approach to evaluate the fracture load dramatically reduces the computational cost and effort, meanwhile guaranteeing high accuracy and robustness.
Outcomes of vascular closure devices for femoral venous hemostasis following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Mills Mark T. , Calvert Peter , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Luther Vishal , Gupta Dhiraj 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionAccess site complications remain common following atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation. Femoral vascular closure devices (VCDs) reduce time to hemostasis compared with manual compression, although large‐scale data comparing clinical outcomes between the two approaches are lacking.MethodsTwo cohorts of patients undergoing AF ablation were identified from 36 healthcare organizations using a global federated research network (TriNetX): those receiving a VCD for femoral hemostasis, and those not receiving a VCD. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) model based on baseline characteristics was used to create two comparable cohorts. The primary outcome was a composite of all‐cause mortality, vascular complications, bleeding events, and need for blood transfusion. Outcomes were assessed during early (within 7 days of ablation) and extended follow‐up (within 8–30 days of ablation).ResultsAfter PSM, 28 872 patients were included (14 436 in each cohort). The primary composite outcome occurred less frequently in the VCD cohort during early (1.97% vs. 2.60%, odds ratio (OR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.88; p < .001) and extended follow‐up (1.15% vs. 1.43%, OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65–0.98; p = .032). This was driven by a lower rate of vascular complications during early follow‐up in the VCD cohort (0.83% vs. 1.26%, OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.52–0.83; p < .001), and fewer bleeding events during early (0.90% vs. 1.23%, OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58–0.92; p = .007) and extended follow‐up (0.36% vs. 0.59%, OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43–0.86; p = .005).ConclusionFollowing AF ablation, femoral venous hemostasis with a VCD was associated with reduced complications compared with hemostasis without a VCD.
Utility of noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging in the localization of nonpulmonary vein triggers of atrial fibrillation determined by pacing common trigger sites
Authors: Thind Munveer , Lou Qing , Zado Erica S. , Markman Timothy M. , Schaller Robert D. , Nazarian Saman , Frankel David S. , Hyman Matthew C. , Tschabrunn Cory M. , Marchlinski Francis E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionIdentifying the origin of nonpulmonary vein atrial fibrillation (AF) triggers (NPVTs) after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) can be challenging. We aimed to determine if noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging (ECGi) could localize pacing from common NPVT sites. ECGi combines measured body surface potentials with heart‐torso geometry acquired from computed tomography (CT) to generate an activation map.MethodsIn 12 patients with AF undergoing first time ablation, the ECGi vest was fitted for preprocedural CT scan and worn during the procedure. After PVI, we performed steady‐state pacing from 15 typical anatomic NPVT sites at a cycle length of 700–800 ms. We co‐registered the invasive anatomic map with the CT‐based ECGi epicardial activation map to compare ECGi predicted to true pacing origin.ResultsIn the study cohort (67% male, 58% persistent AF, and 67% with left atrial dilation), 148 (82%) pacing sites had both capture and adequate anatomy acquired from the three‐dimensional mapping system to co‐register with ECGi activation map. Median distance between true pacing sites and point of earliest epicardial activation derived from the ECGi maps for all sites was 17 mm (interquartile range, 10–22 mm). Assuming paced sites treated as regions with a radius of 2.5 cm, the earliest activation site on ECGi map falls within the region with 94% accuracy.ConclusionECGi can approximate the origin of paced beats from common NPVT sites to within a median distance of 17 mm. A rapidly identified region may then be the focus of more detailed catheter‐based mapping techniques to facilitate successful localization and ablation of NPVTs.
Identification of biomarkers in multiple myeloma: A comprehensive study combining microarray analysis and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zhu Yidong , Liu Jun , Wang Bo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite remarkable advancements in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), relapse remains a challenge. However, the mechanisms underlying this disease remain unclear. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers that could open new avenues for MM treatment. Microarray data and clinical characteristics of patients with MM were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differential expression analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction were used to identify hub genes associated with MM. Predictive performance was further assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves and nomogram construction. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to investigate possible mechanisms. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to evaluate the causal relationship between the crucial gene and MM risk. Topological analysis of the PPI network revealed five hub genes associated with MM, with myeloperoxidase (MPO) being the key gene owing to its highest degree and area under the curve values. MPO showed significant differences between patients with MM and controls across all datasets. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a strong association between MPO and immune‐related pathways in MM. MR analysis confirmed a causal relationship between MPO and the risk of MM. By integrating microarray analysis and MR, we successfully identified and validated MPO as a promising biomarker for MM that is potentially implicated in MM pathogenesis and progression through immune‐related pathways.