bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene-expression profiling elucidates molecular signaling networks that can be therapeutically targeted in vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Agnihotri Sameer , Gugel Isabel , Remke Marc , Bornemann Antje , Pantazis Georgios , Mack Stephen C. , Shih David , Singh Sanjay K. , Sabha Nesrin , Taylor Michael D. , Tatagiba Marcos , Zadeh Gelareh , Krischek Boris 
Published: September 2014

ObjectVestibular schwannomas (VS) are common benign tumors of the vestibular nerve that cause significant morbidity. The current treatment strategies for VS include surgery or radiation, with each treatment option having associated complications and side effects. The transcriptional landscape of schwannoma remains largely unknown.MethodsIn this study the authors performed gene-expression profiling of 49 schwannomas and 7 normal control vestibular nerves to identify tumor-specific gene-expression patterns. They also interrogated whether schwannomas comprise several molecular subtypes using several transcription-based clustering strategies. The authors also performed in vitro experiments testing therapeutic inhibitors of over-activated pathways in a schwannoma cell line, namely the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.ResultsThe authors identified over 4000 differentially expressed genes between controls and schwannomas with network analysis, uncovering proliferation and anti-apoptotic pathways previously not implicated in VS. Furthermore, using several distinct clustering technologies, they could not reproducibly identify distinct VS subtypes or significant differences between sporadic and germline NF2–associated schwannomas, suggesting that they are highly similar entities. The authors identified overexpression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling networks in their geneexpression study and evaluated this pathway for therapeutic targeting. Testing the compounds BEZ235 and PKI-587, both novel dual inhibitors of PI3K and mTOR, attenuated tumor growth in a preclinical cell line model of schwannoma (HEI-293). In vitro findings demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway with next-generation compounds led to decreased cell viability and increased cell death.ConclusionsThese findings implicate aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as a molecular mechanism of pathogenesis in VS and suggest inhibition of this pathway as a potential treatment strategy.
Lingual Thyroid Diagnosed as a Cause of Cretinism: A Case Report
Authors: Haque Jasmine Ara , Rahman Hosne Ara , Jahan Waseka Akhter 
Published: September 2014

Hypothyroidism is one of the common endocrine disorders. Causes are variable. It can be congenital or acquired. Congenital hypothyroidism termed as cretinism. Lingual thyroid is one of the rare congenital anomaly causing hypothyroidism. Its clinical incidence varies between 1/3000 and 1/10,000. Up to 70% of patients with lingual thyroid have hypothyroidism and 10% suffer from cretinism. Here a 14 year old short stuttered obese female present with the complaints of voice change & weight gain. Biochemically she was diagnosed as hypothyroid. To find out the cause it was detected the gland was not in normal position but in the lingual position which was detected by SPECT CT Tc-99m isotope thyroid scan. The patient was treated with levo-thyroxin accordingly and was improved.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcamr.v1i2.20518 Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research Vol.1(2) 2014: 42-48
Automatic Heart Rate Normalization for Accurate Energy Expenditure Estimation
Authors: Penders J. , Vullers R. , Amft O. , Altini M. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Pervasive Intelligent Technologies for Health”.Background: Energy Expenditure (EE) estimation algorithms using Heart Rate (HR) or a combination of accelerometer and HR data suffer from large error due to inter-person differences in the relation between HR and EE. We recently introduced a methodology to reduce inter-person differences by predicting a HR normalization parameter during low intensity Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). By using the HR normalization, EE estimation performance was improved, but conditions for performing the normalization automatically in daily life need further analysis. Sedentary lifestyle of many people in western societies urge for an in-depth analysis of the specific ADLs and HR features used to perform HR normalization, and their effects on EE estimation accuracy in participants with varying Physical Activity Levels (PALs).Objectives: To determine 1) which low intensity ADLs and HR features are necessary to accurately determine HR normalization parameters, 2) whether HR variability (HRV) during ADLs can improve accuracy of the estimation of HR normalization parameters, 3) whether HR normalization parameter estimation from different ADLs and HR features is affected by the participants’ PAL, and 4) what is the impact of different ADLs and HR features used to predict HR normalization parameters on EE estimation accuracy.Methods: We collected reference EE from indirect calorimetry, accelerometer and HR data using one single sensor placed on the chest from 36 participants while performing a wide set of activities. We derived HR normalization parameters from individual ADLs (lying, sedentary, walking at various speeds), as well as combinations of sedentary and walking activities. HR normalization parameters were used to normalized HR and estimate EE.Results: From our analysis we derive that 1) HR normalization using resting activities alone does not reduce EE estimation error in participants with different reported PALs. 2) HRV features did not show any significant improvement in RMSE. 3) HR normalization parameter estimation was found to be biased in participants with different PALs when sedentary-only data was used for the estimation. 4) EE estimation error was not reduced when normalization was carried out using sedentary activities only. However, using data from walking at low speeds improved the results significantly (30–36%).Conclusion: HR normalization parameters able to reduce EE estimation error can be accurately estimated from low intensity ADLs, such as sedentary activities and walking at low speeds (3 – 4 km/h), regardless of reported PALs. However, sedentary activities alone, even when HRV features are used, are insufficient to estimate HR normalization parameters accurately.
A new species ofArchaeochrysaAdams (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the early Eocene of Driftwood Canyon, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Archibald S. Bruce , Makarkin Vladimir N. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractArchaeochrysa sanikwanew species(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Nothochrysinae) is described from early Eocene (Ypresian) Okanagan Highlands shale at Driftwood Canyon, British Columbia, Canada. The evolutionary trends of three chrysopid wing venation characters (the shape of the intramedian cell, the position of the crossvein 2m-cu, and the development of the pseudocubitus) are analysed. The forewing venation of this species is very plesiomorphic compared with the vast majority species of Nothochrysinae, both fossil and extant.
Human CD141+ Dendritic Cells Induce CD4+ T Cells To Produce Type 2 Cytokines
Authors: Yu Chun I. , Becker Christian , Metang Patrick , Marches Florentina , Wang Yuanyuan , Toshiyuki Hori , Banchereau Jacques , Merad Miriam , Palucka A. Karolina 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play the central role in the priming of naive T cells and the differentiation of unique effector T cells. In this study, using lung tissues and blood from both humans and humanized mice, we analyzed the response of human CD1c+ and CD141+ DC subsets to live-attenuated influenza virus. Specifically, we analyzed the type of CD4+ T cell immunity elicited by live-attenuated influenza virus–exposed DCs. Both DC subsets induce proliferation of allogeneic naive CD4+ T cells with the capacity to secrete IFN-γ. However, CD141+ DCs are uniquely able to induce the differentiation of IL-4– and IL-13–producing CD4+ T cells. CD141+ DCs induce IL-4– and IL-13–secreting CD4+ T cells through OX40 ligand. Thus, CD141+ DCs demonstrate remarkable plasticity in guiding adaptive immune responses.
The NF-κB Regulator Bcl-3 Governs Dendritic Cell Antigen Presentation Functions in Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Tassi Ilaria , Claudio Estefania , Wang Hongshan , Tang Wanhu , Ha Hye-lin , Saret Sun , Ramaswamy Madhu , Siegel Richard , Siebenlist Ulrich 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Bcl-3 is an atypical member of the IκB family and modulates gene expression via interaction with p50/NF-κB1 or p52/NF-κB2 homodimers. We report in the present study that Bcl-3 is required in dendritic cells (DCs) to assure effective priming of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Lack of Bcl-3 in bone marrow–derived DCs blunted their ability to expand and promote effector functions of T cells upon Ag/adjuvant challenge in vitro and after adoptive transfers in vivo. Importantly, the critical role of Bcl-3 for priming of T cells was exposed upon Ag/adjuvant challenge of mice specifically ablated of Bcl-3 in DCs. Furthermore, Bcl-3 in endogenous DCs was necessary for contact hypersensitivity responses. Bcl-3 modestly aided maturation of DCs, but most consequentially, Bcl-3 promoted their survival, partially inhibiting expression of several antiapoptotic genes. Loss of Bcl-3 accelerated apoptosis of bone marrow–derived DCs during Ag presentation to T cells, and DC survival was markedly impaired in the context of inflammatory conditions in mice specifically lacking Bcl-3 in these cells. Conversely, selective overexpression of Bcl-3 in DCs extended their lifespan in vitro and in vivo, correlating with increased capacity to prime T cells. These results expose a previously unidentified function for Bcl-3 in DC survival and the generation of adaptive immunity.
C4d immunohistochemistry in membranous nephropathy
Authors: Hui Monalisa , Uppin Megha S , Prayaga Aruna K , Raju Sree Bhushan , Rajasekhar Liza 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Background: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of nephropathy in adults. The diagnosis is based on characteristic light microscopic, electron microscope and immunofluorescence (IF) findings. In early MN, the light microscopic findings may be difficult to differentiate from minimal chain disease. In the absence of fresh frozen tissue for IF, immunohistochemistry with C4d aids in the diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: A total 48 cases of MN diagnosed on renal biopsy were analyzed. The formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin stains along with periodic acid-Schiff and silver methenamine stains to highlight the basement membrane. Fresh frozen tissues were available for IF in 40 cases. Immunostaining with C4d was done on paraffin-embedded sections by polymer-Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) technique using polyclonal antiserum to C4d (Biogenex, India).
Results: There were 25 cases of idiopathic MN, 17 cases of Class V lupus nephritis and 2 cases were secondary to hepatitis C infection with cirrhosis. The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was diffusely thickened with formation of spikes in 28 cases. In 11 cases the capillary loops were rigid but spikes were not seen and in 9 cases there was no apparent thickening of the basement membrane. All the cases showed diffuse positivity for C4d along the GBM.
Conclusion: C4d is a reliable method to establish the diagnosis of MN and also a sensitive marker of complement activation reflecting the pathogenesis of MN.
Cytodiagnosis of extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis: A study of 16 cases from endemic area
Authors: Pal Subrata , Chakrabarti Srabani , Biswas Biplab Kr , Sinha Rajani , Rakshit Arindam , Das Purna Chandra 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Context: Extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis is not uncommon in endemic region like India. Clinical presentations of extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis lesion often lead to diagnostic dilemma. Cytology can help in the preoperative diagnosis of such lesions.
Aims: The aims of our study were to find the clinico-pathological presentation of extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis and to evaluate the role of cytology in diagnosing these lesions preoperatively.
Settings and Design: Fine-needle aspiration cytology is often used for preoperative diagnosis of sub-cutaneous lesions of the head and neck region. This retrospective study was designed to include the cytologically diagnosed cases of rhinosporidiosis and to compare with final histopathology of the lesions.
Materials and Methods: A total of 21 cases of extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis were diagnosed in our study period of 18 months. Cytology was approached in 17 cases and 16 cases were diagnosed as rhinosporidiosis, which were included in the study group. Twelve cases were sampled by fine-needle aspiration and four cases by scrap technique. Histopathological confirmation was possible in all cytologically diagnosed cases.
Results: Head and neck region were involved in 15 cases and only one case was on the skin of right upper arm. Orbital region was the most common extra-nasal site of involvement. Most of the cases (13 cases, 81.25%) belonged to the age group of 11-30 years. All cytologicaly diagnosed cases of rhinosporidiosis were concordant with histopathology. Only one false-negative case was cytologically diagnosed as suppurative inflammatory lesion. Sensitivity and specificity of cytology in diagnosis of extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis were 94.11% and 100% respectively.
Conclusions: Extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis is an important differential diagnosis of nodular, polypoid mass of head-neck-face region. Cytology can be used as an important tool in preoperative diagnosis of extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis.
The Epidemiological Profile of Candidemia at an Indian Trauma Care Center
Authors: Tak Vibhor , Mathur Purva , Varghese Prince , Gunjiyal Jacinta , Xess Immaculata , Misra Mahesh C 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Purpose: Candida spp. is a common cause of bloodstream infections. Candidemia is a potentially fatal infection that needs urgent intervention to salvage the patients. Trauma patients are relatively young individuals with very few comorbidities, and the epidemiology of candidemia is relatively unknown in this vulnerable and growing population. In this study, we report the epidemiology of candidemia in a tertiary care Trauma Center of India.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from January 2009 to July 2012. All patients from whose blood samples a Candida spp. was recovered were included in this study. A detailed history and follow up of the patients was done. The isolates of Candida were identified to the species level. The speciation was done by conventional methods, including morphology on Corn Meal Agar, color development on Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride Agar and CHROMagar, and germ tube tests. The VITEK 2 YST ID colorometric card, a fully automated identification system was also used. Antifungal susceptibility was performed using the VITEK 2 system.
Results: A total of 212 isolates of the Candida species were recovered from blood samples of 157 patients over the study period. Candida tropicalis, 82 (39%), was the most common, followed by C. parapsilosis, 43 (20%), C. albicans, 29 (14%), C. glabrata, 24 (11%), C. rugosa, 20 (9%), C. hemulonii,; 6 (3%), C. guilliermondii, 4 (2%), C. famata, 3 (1.5%), and C. lusitaniae 1 (0.5%). Out of all the candidemia patients, 68 (43%) had a fatal outcome. Fluconazole and Amphotericin B resistance was seen in seven (3.3%) and seven (3.3%) of the isolates, respectively.
Conclusion: Candidemia is a significant cause of mortality in trauma patients in our center, with C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis being the predominant pathogens. Resistance to antifungal drugs is a matter of concern. Better hospital infection control practices and good antibiotic stewardship policies could possibly help in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with candidemia.
Comparison of Epidemiological and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-Positive and Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-Negative Strains of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Ranjan Shikha , GS Banashankari , Babu PR Sreenivasa 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Background: The infections caused by metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associated with higher rates of mortality, morbidity, and overall healthcare costs compared to non-MBL P. aeruginosa infections.

Purpose: To compare the epidemiologic factors and antibiograms of MBL-positive and MBL-negative P. aeruginosa isolates in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: In an observational study, from January 2011 to December 2012, all non-duplicate P. aeruginosa isolates were subjected to an antimicrobial sensitivity test against 10 antibiotics of five different classes. All P. aeruginosa strains showing resistance to at least one of the carbapenems were subjected to the MBL-E test. Epidemiological features and antibiograms of MBL-positive and MBL-negative strains were compared and statistically analyzed.
Results: Out of 350 isolates (total sample = 5330) of P. aeruginosa, MBL was detected in 58 isolates by the E-test, resulting in a prevalence of 16.57%. Resistance to most of the antibiotics was significantly higher in the MBL-positive strains with 100% resistance to ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, and meropenem, followed by imipenem (93.10%) and gentamicin (89.66%). The prevalence of multidrug-resistant and pandrug-resistant strains was significantly higher among the MBL group as compared to that in the non-MBL group ((55.17 vs. 7.88% (P < 0.0001) and 8.62 vs. 0.68% (P = 0.0006)), respectively.
Conclusions: MBL-positive P. aeruginosa strains showed very high resistance to various antibiotics, as compared to the non-MBL strains. Increasing prevalence of MBL-producing isolates in hospital settings makes it important to perform routine detection of MBL-positive P. aeruginosa strains by in vitro testing before antibiotic use, for the purposes of infection prevention, and control, and for minimizing the adverse outcomes of infections with MBL-producing strains.
A Rare Case of Splenic Littoral Cell Angioma in a Child
Authors: Bedir Recep , Şehitoğlu İbrahim , Calapoğlu Ahmet Salih , Yurdakul Cüneyt 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTLittoral cell angioma (LCA) is a rare, benign primary vascular neoplasm of the spleen. The tumor originates from the littoral cells lining the sinuses of the red pulp of the spleen. Preoperative distinction of this tumor from other benign or malign splenic lesions is difficult. Radiologically most cases present as multiple nodules. Definitive diagnosis can only be made histopathologically and immunohistochemically following splenectomy. This clinical situation can coexist with various malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Even though, it is mostly benign, since it has the potential to become malignant after splenectomy, long-term follow-up is required. We present an LCA case, which appeared as a solitary mass in the spleen of an 11-year-old girl with abdominal pain admitted to our hospital.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with t(14;18)(q32;q21) as a Sole Cytogenetic Abnormality
Authors: Elyamany Ghaleb , Fadalla Kamal , Elghezal Hatem , Alsuhaibani Omar , Osman Hani , Al-Abulaaly Abdulaziz 
Published: September 2014

Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. The chromosomal abnormality t(14;18)(q32;q21) is most commonly associated with neoplasms of a follicular center cell origin. However, t(14;18) has also been reported in rare cases of CLL. Objective We describe the clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, conventional, and molecular cytogenetic features of two rare cases proven to be CLL morphologically and immunologically in which t(14;18) was found as the sole cytogenetic abnormality. Methods Morphologic, flow cytometric analysis and molecular cytogenetic of peripheral blood and/or bone marrow samples were analyzed. Results Cytomorphologically, the cells were small mature lymphocytes without any findings that had characteristics of follicular lymphoma (FL) such as indented or clefted nuclei. Immunologic findings were characteristic of typical CLL without expression of CD10. A cytogenetic study revealed the two cases of CLL carrying t(14;18)(q32;q21). Conclusion We concluded that CLL with t(14;18) is rare and should be differentiated from FL as the therapy is highly diverse between both diseases. Using immunoglobulin heavy chain gene ( IGH) probes are important in the workup of patients with suspected CLL and suggest that the IGH probe should be used routinely in all CLL fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) panels.
Diferenciais de rendimentos do trabalho feminino no Sul do Brasil: uma abordagem dual
Authors: Margonato Rita de Cassia Garcia , Souza Solange de Cassia Inforzato de , Nascimento Sidnei Pereira do 
Published: September 2014

Este estudo analisa a formação e os diferenciais de rendimentos das mulheres nos setores de atividade econômica da Região Sul do Brasil, no período de 2002 e2009, a partir dos microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD). Para tanto, o procedimento metodológico consiste em estimar as equações de seleção e de rendimento, corrigidas pelo Modelo de Seleção de Heckman (1979), a partir das quais realiza-se a mensuração do diferencial de rendimento das mulheres nos setores de comércio, indústria e serviços domésticos, comparativamente ao rendimento das mulheres no setor de serviços por meio de uma adaptação da Decomposição de Oaxaca-Blinder (1973) feita por Jann (2008). Evidenciou-se a hipótese de que a segmentação setorial ocorre no mercado de trabalho feminino da Região Sul do Brasil, pois os diferenciais de rendimento são explicados não apenas pelos atributos pessoais (produtivos ou não) e pela categoria de emprego, mas também pelas especificidades dos setores (efeito setor) observados no mercado de trabalho feminino da Região Sul. Em média, o efeito setor explicou 30% do diferencial salarial observado na indústria, 24% no comércio, e 34% no setor de serviços domésticos, quando comparado ao rendimento obtido no setor de serviços, em vantagem salarial.
Clinical Prognostic Biomarkers in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Chastain Elizabeth C. , Duncavage Eric J. 
Published: September 2014

Context
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia are 2 of the most common B-cell lymphomas in adults. Both diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia share heterogeneous outcomes, and the use of prognostic biomarkers to better stratify risk in these patients has now become commonplace.

Objective
To review chronic lymphocytic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma biomarkers commonly used in the clinical laboratory, which can be divided into the following 3 main groups by testing methodology: chromosomal based (including fluorescence in situ hybridization and cytogenetics), expression based (including immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry), and DNA based (including gene sequencing for somatic mutations and IGVH mutational status).

Data Sources
Review of recent literature.

Conclusions
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, important biomarkers include expression of CD38 and ZAP-70, IGVH mutational status, somatic mutations in TP53 and NOTCH1, and abnormalities in chromosomes 11, 12, 13q, and 17. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, important biomarkers include chromosomal rearrangement of BCL2, BCL6, and MYC and expression of CD5, BCL2, and CD43, as well as somatic mutations in TP53 and BCL6.