bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey and Systematic Literature Review of Probiotics Stocked in Academic Medical Centers within the United States
Authors: Abe Andrew M. , Gregory Philip J. , Hein Darren J. , Cochrane Zara Risoldi , Wilson Amy F. 
Published: November 2013

Background Probiotics have a wide variation in their effectiveness in preventing or treating conditions due to the varying beneficial effects of specific probiotic strains. In other words, there is no “generic equivalency” between different probiotic species. However, it is has been noted that many practitioners consider probiotics in generic terms and may not realize the impact of these differences between probiotics. Objective The aims of this study were to identify probiotics used in US academic medical centers and to determine whether those probiotics were supported by a reliable evidence base. Methods A phone survey of 126 inpatient pharmacies in US academic medical centers was conducted to determine which probiotics were stocked. A systematic search was conducted to identify relevant studies that were then critically evaluated to determine whether the identified probiotics are supported by a reliable evidence base. Results There was a 90.5% (114/126) response rate of academic medical centers that were contacted through the phone survey. Ten probiotic products were identified through the phone survey. The probiotic most often stocked in academic medical centers was Culturelle (27.2%) followed by Lactinex (25.4%). The systematic search identified evidence that evaluated Culturelle, Florastor, Lactinex, and VSL #3. Of those 4 probiotics, none were supported by a strong evidence base. However, the results suggested that both Culturelle and Florastor appear to be supported by more evidence compared to other probiotics. Conclusion A majority of academic medical centers did not stock a probiotic that was supported by a reliable evidence base.
Intravenous Lipid Emulsion in the Management of Amlodipine Overdose
Authors: Meaney Calvin J. , Sareh Houtan , Hayes Bryan D. , Gonzales Jeffrey P. 
Published: November 2013

Objective To report a case of amlodipine overdose successfully treated with intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE). Case Summary A 47-year-old, 110 kg female ingested at least 350 mg of amlodipine with an unknown amount of ethanol. Initial blood pressure was 103/57 mm Hg, mean arterial pressure (MAP) 72 mm Hg, and heart rate 113 beats per minute. In the early clinical course, activated charcoal, intravenous fluid, and calcium boluses were administered. Worsening hypotension prompted a 100 mL bolus of 20% ILE. Stable hemodynamics were maintained for 2 hours. Subsequently, profound hypotension and shock developed (MAP 38 mm Hg), which failed to fully respond to 3 vasopressor agents, calcium, and glucagon. With continuing shock despite optimized vasopressors, an infusion of 2,300 mL 20% ILE was administered over 4.5 hours (20.9 mL/kg infusion total). By completion of the infusion, 2 vasopressors were tapered off and MAP remained above 70 mm Hg; within 12 hours, no further interventions were required. Possible adverse events of ILE, lipemia and hypoxia, were experienced but quickly resolved. The patient survived to hospital discharge within 8 days. Discussion Toxicity of amlodipine presents similar to distributive shock as both are due to marked peripheral vasodilation. There are numerous interventions in the management of amlodipine overdose, despite which many patients continue to suffer life-threatening shock as observed with this patient. ILE has been used with promising preliminary results as salvage therapy in case reports of other lipophilic molecules. This is the first report of lone amlodipine overdose treated with ILE. Conclusion ILE is a novel antidote for overdoses of lipophilic substances and demonstrated efficacy in this case of amlodipine overdose without the use of hyperinsulinemic euglycemia.
What General Practitioners Can Do to Deliver More Brief Stop-Smoking Interventions: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Vogt Florian , McEwen Andy , Michie Susan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGuidelines recommend that general practitioners (GPs) should advise all smoking patients to quit and provide additional stop-smoking interventions as appropriate. This study aimed to improve our understanding of how this recommendation can be achieved. General practitioners (N = 26) from London completed a questionnaire about their stop-smoking interventions and psychological factors that might affect these. Thirty-one per cent of the patients recognised as smokers by GPs did not receive an intervention and two-thirds of these were judged to be inappropriate for receipt of an intervention. Psychological factors that predicted behaviour were perceptions that doing this was ‘normative’, making an effort to make it happen, and feeling that the behaviour was easy to enact. Strategies to improve guideline implementation may be more effective if they addressed the above psychological factors.
Taking us into 2000: Vogue’s struggle with time in the 1990s
Authors: Snelgrove Laura 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This article traces the construction of the 1990s as a fashion category via written and visual representations in US Vogue, as an illustration of the uneasy relationship between the fashion system and temporality. In the pages of Vogue, the twentieth century’s tendency to reduce clothing styles to decade-specific categories culminated in a self-conscious questioning beginning in 1990 as to what that decade would look like, how it would break from the past, and how it would be remembered in the future. I examine fashion news and editorial pages from the debut, the midpoint and the conclusion of the 1990s, as well as an oft-reprinted 1992 editorial that has become a period touchstone: the ‘Grunge & glory’ editorial, which has acquired a wider cultural profile that speaks to the way a decade becomes rhetorically condensed to a few visual cues, a process only truly possible in retrospect. My analysis of the contents of the magazine is informed by four differing models of time presented by John Urry, Judy Attfield and Zygmunt Bauman, including postmodern ideas of time-space compression and the ‘eternal instant’. I seek to uncover what Vogue’s representation of itself on the eve of the millennium can tell us about commercial fashion’s hierarchy of commodifiable memory in which the ‘now’ and the long-ago past are valued far above the recent past.
The field as mall: Redressing the rural–urban divide in fashion theory through equestrian events
Authors: Goodrum Alison L. , Hunt Kevin J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Rural spaces have often been overlooked in contemporary fashion scholarship. Academic analysis of modernity has diminished the significance of the rural and has frequently kept separate the rural and the urban. The focus within scholarly study has tended towards an alliance between the ‘un-naturalness’ of the city and the ‘un-naturalness’ of fashion, informed by the (non-verbal) codes and conventions that define social and cultural meaning within urban centres. This article suggests that the discipline of fashion theory is currently limited by a metro-centric bias and proposes the ‘field as mall’ as an example of an alternative space of fashion. This proposition, which literally focuses upon open fields that are temporarily transformed into urban ‘mall-like’ spaces, disrupts the problematic construct of the rural–urban divide. Based on ethnographic ­fieldwork, this article presents a sociological analysis of retailing, consumption and the phenomenon of the ‘pop up’ shopping village at the Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials in Gloucestershire, England. It is argued here that this event is positioned between the rural and the urban, complicating the familiar urban–rural divide by locating aspects of the urban within the rural and the rural within the urban. Furthermore, we contend that the discourses of fashion (from the products on sale through to the symbolic significance of the geographical setting in which this event takes place) evidenced at this site complicates rural and urban relationships. Thus we call here for a re-evaluation of the rural in, for and by fashion scholarship.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Tseëlon Efrat , Tseëlon Efrat 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Parcours Saint Germain, 16–30 October 2012, Saint Germain des Prés, Paris
Mannequin, Le Corps de la Mode (Models, the Body of Fashion), 16 February–19 May 2013, Cité de la Mode et du Design, Paris; and Stardust, 4 April–8 September 2013, Museo del Novecento, Milan, in collaboration with the Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Fashion out of place: Experiencing fashion in a small American town
Authors: Bernstein Sara Tatyana , Kaiser Susan B. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Individuals who do not neatly fit into the normative parameters of a given place generate new ways of expressing subjectivity and bridging self–other boundaries as well as ‘in-place’ and ‘out-of-place’ ways of knowing. In this article, based on interviews with 21 individuals who have been in and out of place in a small town in Oregon (Grants Pass), we explore each of the three concepts – fashion, ‘out’ and place – to identify the ways in which individuals experience various routes and locations through time and space.
Preoperative visualization of peripheral arteries with duplex ultrasonography in patients with diabetes mellitus and critical limb ischemia
Authors: Bondarenko Olga Nikolaevna , Ayubova N L , Galstyan Gagik Radikovich , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich 
Published: November 2013

AIM: To determine whether duplex ultrasonography (DU) without verification with diagnostic angiography (DA) is a sufficient visual- ization technique for pre-operative examination of patients with CLI (critical limb ischemia) indication for percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTBA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 254 patients (290 limbs in total) with diabetes mellitus (DM) and CLI. All participants were subdivided into two groups: ?A? (PTBA with pre-operative DU+DA) and ?B? (PTBA with pre-operative DU). We evaluated data coherence between DU and DA (pre- or intraoperative) methods, as well as DU diagnostic specificity and sensitivity in determining degree and localization of vascular lesions. We also investigated specific clinical factors compromising DU diagnostic capabilities in patients with DM.
RESULTS: Our data suggests adequate coherence between DU and DA for pre-operative visualization. Group ?B? showed significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for visualization of the lower third of superficial femoral artery and tibial arteries despite abdominal obesity, grossly evident calcification and peripheral edema.
CONCLUSION: Duplex ultrasound is efficient and precise enough to determine optimal management tactics in most patients with DMand CLI without resort to invasive methods.
Fünf Jahre LIS-Corner auf der Frankfurter Buchmesse
Authors: Lowisch Maximilian , Wilke Sebastian 
Published: November 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Im Rahmen dieses Aufsatzes wird der seit 2008 auf der Frankfurter Buchmesse organisierte Gemeinschaftsstand LIS-Corner als Beispiel für ehrenamtliches Engagement von Studierenden aus der Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft vorgestellt. Es werden im Folgenden die Entwicklung des Standes von 2006 bis 2013, Konzept und Ziele hinter LIS-Corner, Arbeitsweise, Akquise von Projektpartnern und abschließend Herausforderungen vorgestellt, welche sich der Initiative aktuell stellen.
U.S. Brewing Industry Profitability: A Simultaneous Determination of Structure, Conduct, and Performance
Authors: Bhuyan Sanjib , McCafferty Michael 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The U.S. brewing industry plays an important role in the U.S. economy. Although the number of firms has increased in the industry, the industry overall has remained very concentrated, with a three-firm concentration ratio of 81% in 2000 (Stack 2000). Increasing concentration in the U.S brewing industry raises public policy concerns due to the potential impact of concentration on market performance and efficiency, for example, the recent decision by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) to block the proposed merger between AB–InBev and Mexico’s Groupo Modelo. Employing an improved version of the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) approach, we examine the relationship between concentration and profitability in the U.S. brewing industry. Our results support the hypothesis that market concentration impacts market performance. We, however, did not address the issue of collusive conduct or market power explicitly.
Integrating Africa into the World Economy through International Economic Law: An Introduction
Authors: Gathii James Thuo , Broude Tomer , Boulle Laurence 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis is an introduction to a special issue of the Law and Development Review comprising papers presented at the Second Conference of the African International Economic Law Network at the Mandela Institute of the University of Witwatersrand in South Africa in March, 2013.
Teaching Diversity to Preservice Teachers: Encouraging Self-Reflection and Awareness to Develop Successful Teaching Practices
Authors: Sanders Marla S. , Haselden Kathryn , Moss Randi M. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to promote discussion of how teacher education programs can better prepare teacher candidates to teach for social justice in ethnically and culturally diverse schools. The authors suggest that teacher education programs must develop teacher candidates’ capacity to teach for social justice through preparation programs that encourage critical reflection and awareness of one’s beliefs, perceptions, and professional practice. The authors ask the following questions: How can teacher educators provide structures in professional preparation programs that will produce reflective practitioners? How might we prepare teacher candidates who are constantly thinking about how they perceive their students and their families and how those perceptions affect the way they relate to students? Through a discussion of five case scenarios, the authors discuss prior research on preparing teachers for culturally diverse schools and offer suggestions for improving professional education programs.
Photonic lanterns
Authors: Leon-Saval Sergio G. , Argyros Alexander , Bland-Hawthorn Joss 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMultimode optical fibers have been primarily (and almost solely) used as “light pipes” in short distance telecommunications and in remote and astronomical spectroscopy. The modal properties of the multimode waveguides are rarely exploited and mostly discussed in the context of guiding light. Until recently, most photonic applications in the applied sciences have arisen from developments in telecommunications. However, the photonic lantern is one of several devices that arose to solve problems in astrophotonics and space photonics. Interestingly, these devices are now being explored for use in telecommunications and are likely to find commercial use in the next few years, particularly in the development of compact spectrographs. Photonic lanterns allow for a low-loss transformation of a multimode waveguide into a discrete number of single-mode waveguides and vice versa, thus enabling the use of single-mode photonic technologies in multimode systems. In this review, we will discuss the theory and function of the photonic lantern, along with several different variants of the technology. We will also discuss some of its applications in more detail. Furthermore, we foreshadow future applications of this technology to the field of nanophotonics.
Origin and Length Distribution of Unidirectional Prokaryotic Overlapping Genes
Authors: Fonseca Miguel M , Harris D James , Posada David 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Prokaryotic unidirectional overlapping genes can be originated by disrupting and replacing of the start or stop codon of one protein-coding gene with another start or stop codon within the adjacent gene. However, the probability of disruption and replacement of a start or stop codon may differ significantly depending on the number and redundancy of the start and stop codons sets. Here, we performed a simulation study of the formation of unidirectional overlapping genes using a simple model of nucleotide change and contrasted it with empirical data. Our results suggest that overlaps originated by an elongation of the 3′-end of the upstream gene are significantly more frequent than those originated by an elongation of the 5′-end of the downstream gene. According to this, we propose a model for the creation of unidirectional overlaps that is based on the disruption probabilities of start codon and stop codon sets and on the different probabilities of phase 1 and phase 2 overlaps. Additionally, our results suggest that phase 2 overlaps are formed at higher rates than phase 1 overlaps, given the same evolutionary time. Finally, we propose that there is no need to invoke selection to explain the prevalence of long phase 1 unidirectional overlaps. Rather, the overrepresentation of long phase 1 relative to long phase 2 overlaps might occur because it is highly probable that phase 2 overlaps are retained as short overlaps by chance. Such a pattern is stronger if selection against very long overlaps is included in the model. Our model as a whole is able to explain to a large extent the empirical length distribution of unidirectional overlaps in prokaryotic genomes.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Tandem Repeats in Plants and Green Algae
Authors: Zhao Zhixin , Guo Cheng , Sutharzan Sreeskandarajan , Li Pei , Echt Craig S , Zhang Jie , Liang Chun 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Tandem repeats (TRs) extensively exist in the genomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Based on the sequenced genomes and gene annotations of 31 plant and algal species in Phytozome version 8.0 (http://www.phytozome.net/), we examined TRs in a genome-wide scale, characterized their distributions and motif features, and explored their putative biological functions. Among the 31 species, no significant correlation was detected between the TR density and genome size. Interestingly, green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (42,059 bp/Mbp) and castor bean Ricinus communis (55,454 bp/Mbp) showed much higher TR densities than all other species (13,209 bp/Mbp on average). In the 29 land plants, including 22 dicots, 5 monocots, and 2 bryophytes, 5′-UTR and upstream intergenic 200-nt (UI200) regions had the first and second highest TR densities, whereas in the two green algae (C. reinhardtii and Volvox carteri) the first and second highest densities were found in intron and coding sequence (CDS) regions, respectively. In CDS regions, trinucleotide and hexanucleotide motifs were those most frequently represented in all species. In intron regions, especially in the two green algae, significantly more TRs were detected near the intron–exon junctions. Within intergenic regions in dicots and monocots, more TRs were found near both the 5′ and 3′ ends of genes. GO annotation in two green algae revealed that the genes with TRs in introns are significantly involved in transcriptional and translational processing. As the first systematic examination of TRs in plant and green algal genomes, our study showed that TRs displayed nonrandom distribution for both intragenic and intergenic regions, suggesting that they have potential roles in transcriptional or translational regulation in plants and green algae.
Design and Analysis of Bar-seq Experiments
Authors: Robinson David G , Chen Wei , Storey John D , Gresham David 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
High-throughput quantitative DNA sequencing enables the parallel phenotyping of pools of thousands of mutants. However, the appropriate analytical methods and experimental design that maximize the efficiency of these methods while maintaining statistical power are currently unknown. Here, we have used Bar-seq analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast deletion library to systematically test the effect of experimental design parameters and sequence read depth on experimental results. We present computational methods that efficiently and accurately estimate effect sizes and their statistical significance by adapting existing methods for RNA-seq analysis. Using simulated variation of experimental designs, we found that biological replicates are critical for statistical analysis of Bar-seq data, whereas technical replicates are of less value. By subsampling sequence reads, we found that when using four-fold biological replication, 6 million reads per condition achieved 96% power to detect a two-fold change (or more) at a 5% false discovery rate. Our guidelines for experimental design and computational analysis enables the study of the yeast deletion collection in up to 30 different conditions in a single sequencing lane. These findings are relevant to a variety of pooled genetic screening methods that use high-throughput quantitative DNA sequencing, including Tn-seq.
Nanoscale anisotropic Orientation in Shape Memory Random POSS/Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites
Authors: Alvarado-Tenorio Bonifacio , Romo-Uribe Angel , Mather Patrick T. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTShape memory nanocomposites were produced following a simple one-step synthesis route initiated by a series of molar mixtures of POSS thiol nanocages and pentaerythritol tetrakis (3mercaptopropionate), and a diacrylate polycaprolactone (PCL) with Mn=3,000 g/mol. Simultaneous wide- and small- angle X ray scattering (WAXS/SAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments were carried out and results were correlated on microstructure. Molecular identification was performed by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR-ATR). Thermomechanical shape memory cycles revealed that the nanocomposites achieved excellent shape recovery (99%) and shape fixity (100%) parameters. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that elastomeric modulus decrease in function of the POSS thiol molar concentration and this result is correlated with the decrease in average crosslink density (ν). WAXS studies revealed orthorhombic crystallites for PCL combined with an amorphous POSS phase when the molar concentration of POSS was low (2.5%, 5%, 10%). However, increasing the molar concentration of POSS thiol until 20%, a broad and weak reflection centered around 2θ =7.9° which corresponded to imperfect POSS crystals. At the nanoscale, SAXS analysis showed lamellar nanostructure formation for all POSS/polycaprolactone crosslinked networks. Strikingly, induced anisotropic orientation of polycaprolactone lamellar nanostructure was observed when the concentration of POSS increased to 10 and 20 mol%.