bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomous multiple‐trolley collection system with nonholonomic robots: Design, control, and implementation
Authors: Xie Peijia , Xia Bingyi , Hu Anjun , Zhao Ziqi , Meng Lingxiao , Sun Zhirui , Gao Xuheng , Wang Jiankun , Meng Max Q.‐H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe task of collecting and transporting luggage trolleys in airports, characterized by its complexity within dynamic public environments, presents both an ongoing challenge and a promising opportunity for automated service robots. Previous research has primarily developed on universal platforms with robot arms or focused on handling a single trolley, creating a gap in providing cost‐effective and efficient solutions for practical scenarios. In this paper, we propose a low‐cost mobile manipulation robot incorporated with an autonomy framework for the collection and transportation of multiple trolleys that can significantly enhance operational efficiency. The method involves a novel design of the mechanical system and a vision‐based control strategy. We design a lightweight manipulator and the docking mechanism, optimized for the sequential stacking and transportation of trolleys. On the basis of the Control Lyapunov Function and Control Barrier Function, we propose a vision‐based controller with online Quadratic Programming, which improves the docking accuracy. The practical application of our system is demonstrated in real‐world scenarios, where it successfully executes the multiple‐trolley collection task.
N‐methylation of histidine to tune tautomeric preferences in histidine‐heme coordination and enzyme‐mimetic catalysis
Authors: Du Ruikai , Lv Yunbo , Wu Haifeng , Zhang Baoli , Liu Yuanxi , Xu Shichao , Li Shan , Wang Zhen‐Gang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnzymes with active sites involving histidine selectively utilize either the δ‐ or ε‐nitrogen atom (Nδ or Nε) of the histidine imidazole for catalysis. However, evaluating the impact of Nδ and Nε is difficult, and directly integrating noncanonical N‐methylated histidine within enzymes poses risks due to laborious procedures. In this study, we present the self‐assembly of Fmoc‐Histidine (Fmoc‐His) with hemin to create a peroxidase‐mimetic catalyst, in which either the Nε or Nδ of histidine is methylated to modify the tautomeric preferences, thereby tuning hemin catalysis. UV‐vis spectra, 1H‐NMR, and fluorescence experiments elucidate that the N‐methylation of histidine alters the self‐assembly propensity of Fmoc‐His, and affects the binding affinity of histidine to hemin iron, with Fmoc‐δmHis/hemin exhibiting stronger binding than Fmoc‐εmHis/hemin. Theoretical simulation results suggest that εmHis and δmHis ligation produce a saddled structure and planar structure of hemin, respectively, stemming from the disparity of steric hindrance at the Nε and Nδ positions. The significant inhibition of hemin's oxidative activity by Fmoc‐δmHis is observed, likely due to the strong binding of Fmoc‐δmHis, potentially hindering access of the substrate, H2O2, to the hemin iron. Conversely, Fmoc‐εmHis enhances hemin catalysis, surpassing even Fmoc‐His alone. This differential impact of Fmoc‐εmHis and Fmoc‐δmHis on hemin activity is further corroborated by apparent activation energy and kinetic parameters (kcat, kcat/Km). This study sheds light on the heterogeneous biological effects at the nitrogen positions of histidine imidazole and offers insights into designing supramolecular metalloenzymes.
The impact of PAC‐loaded polymer membrane thickness on chloroform removal and comparison of solvent and thermal membrane regeneration methods
Authors: Hou Yizhi , Mayer Brooke K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPowdered activated carbon (PAC) has better adsorption performance than granular activated carbon (GAC) and is widely used in water purification. In most cases, PAC is dosed into water directly, then precipitated as sludge, and landfilled. In this study, PAC was mixed with a polymer and dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent to form a PAC‐loaded membrane, which was then tested for chloroform removal. The chloroform adsorption capacity of the PAC membrane increased with increasing membrane thickness because of higher carbon loading. However, regardless of membrane thickness, the flux of the PAC membranes was similar since flux resistance predominantly occurred at the top dense polymer surface. This dense surface can be removed by sandpaper polishing, where the adsorption capacity of the polished PAC membranes was 20% higher than the unpolished membranes because of more even distribution of feed water on the polished surface. Removal of the dense surface via polishing increased the flux by 97% to 130%, exceeding the flux of typical household carbon block filters. Using DMF to regenerate the membrane recovered 48% to 66% of the initial adsorption capacity. Thermal regeneration of the exhausted PAC membrane at 250°C was more effective than DMF regeneration (both in terms of cost and performance), with 83% to 94% PAC membrane regeneration efficiency over four regeneration recycles. After four thermal regeneration cycles, flux increased by 300% and the membrane became brittle because of thermal aging of the polymer, indicating that a total of 6 h of regeneration time (equivalent to three cycles in this study) was the limit for effective PAC membrane performance.Practitioner Points
Powdered activated carbon was immobilized on a membrane to remove chloroform from water.
Thicker membranes increased adsorption capacity but did not impact flux.
Flux and capacity increased using polishing to remove the dense polymer surface and more evenly distribute flow across the membrane.
Thermal regeneration of the membrane at 250°C was effective for up to three cycles and outperformed solvent‐based regeneration.
PAC‐loaded filters are relevant for applications such as household carbon block filtration.
Risky Incrementalism: Defense AI in the United States
Authors: Kahn Lauren A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe United States remains the world’s preeminent military and technological power. Over the last decade, the United States has increasingly viewed artificial intelligence (AI) proficiency as a vital U.S. interest and mechanism for assuring U.S. military and economic power, recognizing its potential as a force multiplier. As a result, the United States is actively implementing AI across its defense and armed services, with notable applications in Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), Cyber, Autonomous Systems, Command and Control, Disaster Relief, and Logistics. The United States government is generally well-placed to leverage defense AI and AI-enabled systems. However, various bureaucratic, organizational, and procedural hurdles have slowed down progress on defense AI adoption and technology-based innovation such that the Department of Defense has yet to successfully, on a broad scale, translate commercial AI developments into real military capabilities. The U.S. Department of Defense suffers from a complex acquisition process and a widespread shortfall of data, STEM, and AI talent and training. Organizations working on AI and AI-related technologies and projects are often siloed, separated not only from each other but also from necessary data and other resources, and there exists within the department a culture that favors tried-and-true methods and systems, sometimes trending towards Luddism. In the last few years, however, the Defense Department has made substantial headway on some of these challenges, restructuring its approach to defense AI. However, whether these new AI efforts will be sufficient to allow the U.S. to make up for time lost remains to be seen.
Risk and Disease: Two Alternative Ways of Modelling Health Phenomena
Authors: Giroux Élodie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe notion of risk questions our dominant and traditional medical approach to health phenomena: a binary normal-pathological model anchored in the pathophysiological framework. For risk factors which are continuous biological variables such as hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, the demarcation line between a level which would be ‘normal’, ‘at risk’, or ‘pathological’ is drawn in a conventional and non-fixed manner. Above all, these risk factors, which are the subject of preventive treatment, are increasingly considered as diseases in their own right. This shift would reinforce the pathologisation of human life and the associated problems of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. However, while it is easy to see the value of clarifying and specifying the distinction between ‘risk’ and ‘disease’ when dealing with those problems, finding the best way to do so remains challenging. In this chapter, I begin by describing the confusion between these two categories. I then show that the conceptual analysis, in particular, the naturalistic definition of disease, fails to provide a satisfactory distinction. Finally, I argue that this distinction can be better established if we understand the epidemiological risk approach as a different way of modelling health phenomena than the binary and categorical approach of pathophysiology.
Pragmatism in the Fray: Constructing Futures for ‘Medically Unexplained Symptoms’
Authors: Greco Monica 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe expression ‘medically unexplained symptoms’ is still widely used to indicate physical symptoms that are not attributable to any known conventionally defined disease. It is discursively related to several other concepts including somatisation, somatic symptom disorder (DSM 5), and functional somatic syndromes, which include the diagnoses of fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity, and irritable bowel syndrome, among others. Some of these conditions are currently the object of controversies and political battles. This chapter examines what it can mean to approach this group of conditions ‘pragmatically’ by contrasting two different versions of pragmatism. One version, exemplified in social research that aligns itself with arguments proposed by some patient movements, is consistent with Rorty’s ‘epistemological behaviourism’. Another version, exemplified by a novel clinical intervention (the Symptoms Clinic) is consistent with William James’ ‘radical empiricism’. It is argued that these different approaches yield significantly different consequences. The first affords legitimacy to patients on an immediate and piecemeal basis at the expense of reinforcing a bifurcated mode of thought. This, it is argued, is a factor in (re)producing the experience of ‘medically unexplained symptoms’. The second is premised on the assumption of a relational continuity between social structure, embodied experience, and physiology.
What instruments do researchers use to evaluate LXD? A systematic review study
Authors: Tawfik Andrew A. , Payne Linda , Ketter Heather , James Jedidiah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn contrast to traditional views of instructional design that are often focused on content development, researchers are increasingly exploring learning experience design (LXD) perspectives as a way to espouse a broader and more holistic view of learning. In addition to cognitive and affective perspectives, LXD includes perspectives on human–computer interaction that consist of usability and other interactions (ie—goal-directed user behavior). However, there is very little consensus about the quantitative instruments and surveys used by individuals to assess how learners interact with technology. This systematic review explored 627 usability studies in learning technology over the last decade in terms of the instruments (RQ1), domains (RQ2), and number of users (RQ3). Findings suggest that many usability studies rely on self-created instruments, which leads to questions about reliability and validity. Moreover, additional research suggests usability studies are largely focused within the medical and STEM domains, with very little focus on educators' perspectives (pre-service, in-service teachers). Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Dynamic Informed Bias RRT*-Connect: Improving Heuristic Guidance by Dynamic Informed Bias Using Hybrid Dual Trees Search
Authors: Li Haotian , Kang Yiting , Han Haisong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe RRT*-Connect algorithm enhances efficiency through dual tree bias growth, yet this bias can be inherently blind, potentially affecting the algorithm’s heuristic performance. In contrast, the Informed RRT* algorithm narrows the planning problem’s scope by leveraging an informed region, thereby improving convergence efficiency towards optimal solutions. However, this approach relies on the prior establishment of feasible paths. Combining these two algorithms can address the challenges posed by Informed RRT while also accelerating convergence towards optimality, albeit without resolving the issue of blind bias in dual trees.In this paper, we proposed a novel algorithm: Dynamic Informed Bias RRT*-Connect. This algorithm, grounded in potential and explicit informed bias sampling, introduces a dynamical bias points set that guides dual tree growth with precision objectives. Additionally, we enhance the evaluation framework for algorithmic heuristics by introducing two innovative metrics that effectively capture the algorithm’s characteristics. The improvements observed in traditional indicators demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits greater heuristic compared to RRT*-Connect and Informed RRT*-Connect. These findings also suggest the viability of the new metrics introduced in our evaluation framework.
Prevalence, demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors associated with cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use: evidence from the 2017–2021 Scottish Health Survey
Authors: Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Bafail Duaa Abdullah , Oni Oluwatobi Ebenezer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the correlation between demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors with e-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, and dual use is essential for targeted public health interventions. This study examines the prevalence of these behaviors in Scotland and identifies the associated factors. We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis of the Scottish Health Survey data from 2017 to 2021, leveraging data from 12,644 participants aged 16 and older: 2271 cigarette smokers, 687 e-cigarette users, 428 dual users, and 9258 never users. Weighted prevalences were calculated by age group, sex, and survey year, followed by weighted multinomial logistic regression to explore associated factors. The overall prevalences were 72.0% (95% CI 70.9–73.1) for never users, 18.9% (95% CI 17.9–19.9) for cigarette smokers, 5.5% (95% CI 5.0–6.1) for e-cigarette users, and 3.6% (95% CI 3.2–4.0) for dual users. From 2017 to 2021, cigarette smoking declined from 21.7% (95% CI 19.6–23.9) to 13.1% (95% CI 11.5–15.0), e-cigarette use from 6.5% (95% CI 5.4–7.8) to 4.8% (95% CI 3.6–6.4), and dual use from 3.7% (95% CI 2.9–4.6) to 2.7% (95% CI 1.9–3.7). Age was a critical factor, with the 25–34 age group more likely to use e-cigarettes (p = 0.007) and the 35–44 age group more likely to engage in dual use (p = 0.006) compared to the 16–24 age group. Males had higher odds of e-cigarette use than females (p = 0.031). White individuals had higher odds of using e-cigarettes (p = 0.023) and being dual users (p = 0.017) compared to non-whites. Previously married individuals had higher odds of dual use than singles (p = 0.031). Larger household sizes were linked to reduced odds of all three behaviors (p = 0.001). Rural residents were less likely to use e-cigarettes compared to urban residents (p = 0.025). Higher education correlated with lower odds of all three behaviors (p = 0.001). Manual occupation increased the likelihood of dual use (p = 0.042). Lower income and higher deprivation significantly increased the odds of all three behaviors (p < 0.001). Excessive alcohol consumption was associated with increased odds of the three behaviors (p < 0.001). Poor sleep quality correlated with increased odds of dual use (p = 0.002) and cigarette smoking (p < 0.001). Adherence to physical activity guidelines was associated with reduced odds of all three behaviors (cigarette smoking p < 0.001, e-cigarette use p = 0.031, dual use p = 0.016). In conclusion, this study showed a decline in the prevalence of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and dual usage from 2017 to 2021 in Scotland. Significant associations with demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors highlight the need for targeted public health interventions.
New and interesting records of rare caddisflies (Trichoptera, Insecta) from Slovakia with comments on their ecology and conservation status
Authors: Navara Tomáš , Endel Branislav , Kokavec Igor , Lukáš Jozef , Majzlan Oto , Samay Ján , Thomková Katarína , Vidlička Ľubomír , Chvojka Pavel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe distribution and diversity of insects are crucial conservation issues. The order Trichoptera is comprised of numerous endangered species, but the rarity of some makes it challenging to determine their conservation priority. In recent decades, data based on caddisfly larvae have become more frequent in limnological research in Slovakia. Our research, focusing mainly on adult caddisflies, has led to more reliable and accurate identification of many species that cannot be identified with certainty in the larval stage.We combined several entomological methods, including sweeping, Malaise traps, and UV light attraction, to increase the likelihood of catching rare species. The text lists and discusses the discoveries of caddisfly species that are particularly important for faunistics or biodiversity in Slovakia, as well as in the Central European context. Enoicyla reichenbachii (Kolenati, 1848), Limnephilus incisus Curtis, 1834, Ptilocolepus granulatus (Pictet, 1834) and Oecetis testacea (Curtis, 1834) were recorded for the first time in Slovakia. The rare species Hagenella clathrata (Kolenati, 1848) and Adicella balcanica Botosaneanu and Novák, 1965, previously found in Slovakia, were also recorded. Additionally, a new locality of Adicella syriaca Ulmer, 1907 indicates a further northward shift of this Mediterranean species. We further discussed the faunistically important records of Beraeamyia hrabei Mayer, 1937, Allotrichia pallicornis (Eaton, 1873), Ceraclea riparia (Albarda, 1874), Grammotaulius nitidus (Müller, 1764) and Limnephilus fuscicornis Rambur, 1842 from Slovakia. The conservation status of each species is proposed and discussed on the basis of our faunistic records, in accordance with the forthcoming update of the Slovak Red Book.
Centennial Changes of Salt Marsh Area in Coastal Georgia (USA) Related to Large-Scale Sediment Dynamics by River, Waves, and Tides
Authors: Mariotti G. , Ceccherini G. , Alexander C. R. , Spivak A. C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMarsh lateral expansion and retreat are often attributed to sediment availability, but a causal link is difficult to establish. To shed light on this problem, we analyzed changes in salt marsh area along the ~ 200-km-long Georgia coast (USA) from the 1850s to 2010s in relation to total suspended sediment (TSS) and to proxies for river sediment input and local sediment resuspension. Marsh area is characterized by large gains and losses (up to 200 m2/m/yr), but relatively small net change (-50 to 50 m2/m/yr or -0.1 to 0.1%/yr). This has resulted in a general loss of marsh area, except close to the mouths of major rivers, where there is net gain. Net expansion rates decreased in the Savannah Estuary but increased in the Altamaha Estuary from the 1850s–1930s period to the 1930s–2010s period, which are consistent with observed decreases and likely increases in sediment discharge in the two estuaries, respectively. To explain the spatial patterns in the 1930s–2010s marsh area change, we estimated TSS from satellite measurements (2003 to 2020). Along the northern part of the Georgia coast, net marsh gain is positively correlated to the average TSS within the estuarine region. However, this correlation breaks down in more southern areas (Cumberland Sound). Coast-wide, there is a better correlation between TSS associated with new input from the rivers, estimated as the TSS difference between high-discharge (Jan–Mar) and low-discharge (Sept–Nov) months. To identify the effect of wave resuspension in the nearshore, we consider the TSS difference between high-wave, low-discharge (Sept–Nov) and low-wave, low-discharge periods (Jun–Aug). Wave resuspension is relatively uniform along the coast and does not explain spatial patterns of marsh area change. Sediment input from the nearshore is likely contributing to the estuarine sediment budget in Georgia, but it is not sufficient to prevent marsh lateral retreat. To identify the role of tidal resuspension and advection, we consider differences in TSS between low and high tide. This differential is relatively constant along most of the coast, but it is much lower in the southern part of the coast, suggesting a lower tidal action in this region. Sediment resuspended by tides is likely originating from internal recycling (i.e., erosion) within the estuary, and thus does not contribute to marsh lateral expansion. The proposed approach to partition TSS is a general demonstration and could be applied to other coastal regions.
Identification of hub genes and potential molecular mechanisms in MSS/MSI classifier primary colorectal cancer based on multiple datasets
Authors: Qiao Xia , Ma Duan , Zhang Xu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
MSI has a better prognosis than MSS in colorectal cancer patients, and the main objective of this study was to screen for differentially expressed molecules between MSI and MSS primary colorectal cancers using bioinformatics.

Material and methods
Two gene expression datasets (GSE13294 and GSE13067) were downloaded from GEO, and differential expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using GEO2R. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were conducted using the DEGs. Furthermore, a Protein–Protein Interaction Networks (PPI) was constructed to screen for significant modules and identify hub genes. The hub genes were analyzed in colorectal cancer using GEPIA. The expression of hub genes in clinical samples was visualized using the online Human Protein Atlas (HPA).

Results
A total of 265 common DEGs were identified in MSS primary colorectal cancer compared to MSI primary colorectal cancer. Among these, 178 DEGs were upregulated, and 87 DEGs were downregulated. Enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were associated with the response to mechanical stimulus, regulation of cellular response to stress, G protein-coupled receptor binding, and other processes. A total of 5 hub genes was identified by cytoHubba: HNRNPL, RBM39, HNRNPH1, TRA2A, SRSF6. GEPIA software online analysis, 5 hub gene expression in colorectal cancer survival curve did not have significant differences. The expression of RBM39 was significantly different in different stages of colorectal cancer. The HPA online database results showed that the expression of the five hub proteins varied widely in CRC patients.

Conclusion
The hub genes, such as HNRNPH1and RBM39, and the spliceosome resulting from DEGs, which may provide novel insights and evidence for the future diagnosis and targeted therapy of MSS/MSI PCRC.
Sobolev orthogonal polynomials, Gauss–Borel factorization and perturbations
Authors: Ariznabarreta Gerardo , Mañas Manuel , Tempesta Piergiulio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present a comprehensive class of Sobolev bi-orthogonal polynomial sequences, which emerge from a moment matrix with anLUfactorization. These sequences are associated with a measure matrix defining the Sobolev bilinear form. Additionally, we develop a theory of deformations for Sobolev bilinear forms, focusing on polynomial deformations of the measure matrix. Notably, we introduce the concepts of Christoffel–Sobolev and Geronimus–Sobolev transformations. The connection formulas between these newly introduced polynomial sequences and existing ones are explicitly determined.