bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teeth grinding, oral motor performance and maximal bite force in cerebral palsy children
Authors: Botti Rodrigues Santos Maria Teresa , Cristina Duarte Ferreira Maria , de Oliveira Guaré Renata , Sergio Guimarães Antonio , Lira Ortega Adriana 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAim:Identify whether the degree of oral motor performance is related to the presence of teeth grinding and maximal bite force values in children with spastic cerebral palsy.Methods:Ninety‐five spastic cerebral palsy children with and without teeth grinding, according to caregivers’ reports, were submitted to a comprehensive oral motor performance evaluation during the feeding process using the Oral Motor Assessment Scale. Maximal bite force was measured using an electronic gnathodynamometer.Results:The teeth grinding group (n = 42) was younger, used anticonvulsant drugs, and was more frequently classified within the subfunctional oral motor performance category. Teeth grinding subfunctional spastic cerebral palsy children presented lower values of maximal bite force. The functional groups showing the presence or absence of teeth grinding presented higher values of maximal bite force compared with the subfunctional groups.Conclusion:In spastic cerebral palsy children, teeth grinding is associated with the worse oral motor performance.
C‐Terminal Cleavage of Human Foxp3 at a Proprotein Convertase Motif Abrogates its Suppressive Function
Authors: Elhage R. , Cheraï M. , Levacher B. , Darrasse‐Jeze G. , Baillou C. , Zhao X. , Khatib A.‐M. , Piaggio E. , Klatzmann D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFoxp3 plays a critical role in the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Differences in translational and post‐translational processing of murine and human Foxp3 have been recently reported. Human Foxp3 exists as four isoforms generated by alternative splicing. Mouse Foxp3 only exists as one isoform, but can be proteolytically cleaved by N‐terminal and/or C‐terminal proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexins (PCSKs). Here, we show by transcriptome analysis that the proprotein convertases PCSK7, PCSK5 and Furin are present in human CD4+ T cells with different expression patterns. Notably, after in vitro activation, only PCSK7 and Furin are expressed in Tregs and T effector cells (Teffs), with overexpression of PCSK7 in Tregs compared to Teffs. Human Foxp3 protein displays specific motifs that can be potentially cleaved by convertases. Consequently, we transduced human CD4+ cells with Foxp3‐expressing lentiviral vectors and assessed the generation of proteolytically cleaved Foxp3 forms by Western blot. Three different Foxp3 forms were detected, indicating that human Foxp3 can also be subjected to proteolytic cleavage at the N‐terminal and C‐terminal ends. These results prompted us to assess the suppressive activity associated with each forms. We observed that full length and N‐cleaved Foxp3‐transduced CD4+ T cells similarly suppressed the in vitro proliferation of Teffs. However, the C‐cleaved or N&C‐cleaved Foxp3 forms afforded almost no suppressive function, indicating a crucial role of the human Foxp3 C‐terminal region in Tregs suppressive activity, in marked contrast with the report of a superior suppressive activity for the C‐cleaved murine Foxp3 compared to the full length.
Eighteen‐month‐olds’ memory for short movies of simple stories
Authors: Kingo Osman S. , Krøjgaard Peter 
Published: February 2015

This study investigated twenty four 18‐month‐olds’ memory for dynamic visual stimuli. During the first visit participants saw one of two brief movies (30 seconds) with a simple storyline displayed in four iterations. After 2 weeks, memory was tested in the visual paired comparison paradigm in which the familiar and the novel movie were contrasted simultaneously and displayed in two iterations for a total of 60 seconds. Eye‐tracking revealed that participants fixated the familiar movie significantly more than the novel movie, thus indicating memory for the familiar movie. Furthermore, time‐dependent analysis of the data revealed that individual differences in the looking‐patterns for the first and second iteration of the movies were related to individual differences in productive vocabulary. We suggest that infants’ vocabulary may be indicative of their ability to understand and remember the storyline of the movies, thereby affecting their subsequent memory.
Low‐dose short‐term hepatitis B immunoglobulin with high genetic barrier antivirals: the ideal post‐transplant hepatitis B virus prophylaxis?
Authors: Choudhary N.S. , Saraf N. , Saigal S. , Mohanka R. , Rastogi A. , Goja S. , Menon P.B. , Soin A.S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundLow‐dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and nucleos(t)ides analogs (lamivudine/adefovir) used for the prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) are associated with some risk of HBV recurrence and antiviral resistance.MethodsThe study cohort included 176 patients (at least >12 months follow‐up) with HBV cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma who received secondary prophylaxis with indefinite entecavir/tenofovir after living‐donor LT (LDLT). All patients received 10,000 IU intravenous HBIG in anhepatic phase followed by 600–1000 IU intramuscularly daily for 7 days, weekly for 3 weeks, and then monthly, to keep antiHBs levels >100 mIU/mL for 1 year. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA were tested every 6 months.ResultsThe study cohort is composed of 157 men and 19 women, mean age 47.9 ± 10.1 years, all HBsAg positive, 35 (19.8%) had HBV DNA >2000 IU/mL before LT. After LT, patients received entecavir (n = 126, 71.5%), tenofovir (n = 20, 11.3%), or a combination of entecavir and tenofovir (n = 30, 17% for 3 months), followed by entecavir alone. During follow‐up of 43 (12–117) months, 2 patients (including 1 with non‐compliance) had HBV recurrence.ConclusionIn a large cohort of LDLT recipients for HBV‐related liver disease, use of low‐dose short‐term HBIG with high genetic barrier drugs results in a substantially lower incidence of HBV recurrence, even in high‐risk patients.
Review: Clinical and histological manifestations of canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Bizikova Petra , Santoro Domenico , Marsella Rosanna , Nuttall Tim , Eisenschenk Melissa N. C. , Pucheu‐Haston Cherie M. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundMany studies focusing on clinical and histological signs of canine atopic dermatitis (AD) have been published since its early descriptions decades ago. Findings of these studies contributed to our current knowledge about the disease pathogenesis and allowed establishment of diagnostic criteria used by clinicians and researchers.ObjectivesThis review serves as an update on the clinical and histological features of canine AD published by the American College of Veterinary Dermatology Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis in 2001 and summarizes the recent discoveries in these fields.ResultsThe overall findings of studies focusing on clinical features mirrored those published by the Task Force in 2001. The novelty was the larger number of animals included in these studies, which allowed establishment of a new set of diagnostic criteria that exceeded the sensitivity and specificity of the previous criteria. The same study uncovered some clinical differences between dogs with food‐induced and nonfood‐induced AD; however, the authors concluded that these two entities cannot be distinguished based on clinical signs only. Another study demonstrated some major breed‐specific phenotypes. Several publications addressed the histological features of canine AD skin lesions in experimental models of AD, but none of those addressed naturally occurring lesions. Nevertheless, the histopathological description of the skin reactions was generally similar to that published by the Task Force in 2001.ConclusionsConsiderable work has been done in recent years to provide a better definition of the clinical appearance and histopathology of canine AD. New sets of diagnostic criteria have been developed, and additional breed‐associated differences in phenotypes have been demonstrated.
From horticulture and biofuel to invasion: the spread of Miscanthus taxa in the USA and Europe
Authors: Schnitzler A , Essl F 
Published: February 2015

SummarySpecies of the genus Miscanthus (Poaceae) have recently become widely planted for ornamental and industrial uses. Yet these large perennial grasses have several traits that suggest a high invasion potential. To inform the debate on the benefits and risks of introducing these new biofuel crops, this publication summarises the invasion of Miscanthus species in Europe and the USA. Databases from North America were interrogated, and occurrence data from a variety of European sources were examined. In both continents, M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus have recently spread rapidly, although invasion started earlier in the USA and both species are more widespread there. Both species mostly colonise grasslands and ruderal habitats. In addition, some escapes of the hybrid M. × giganteus, which has a particularly strong invasion potential because of its vigorous growth and greater capacity to establish in cool climates, have already been recorded. We conclude that the invasion potential of Miscanthus species needs to be thoroughly tested, the incipient invasions in Europe and the USA monitored and, if required, planting restrictions should be adopted.
Xenotransplantation and Hepatitis E virus
Authors: Denner Joachim 
Published: February 2015

AbstractXenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues and organs may be associated with the transmission of porcine microorganisms to the human recipient. Some of these microorganisms may induce a zoonosis, that is an infectious disease induced by microorganisms transmitted from another species. With exception of the porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs), which are integrated in the genome of all pigs, the transmission of all other microorganisms can be prevented by specified or designated pathogen‐free (spf or dpf, respectively) production of the animals. However, it is becoming clear in the last years that the hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the viruses which are difficult to eliminate. It is important to note that there are differences between HEV of genotypes (gt) 1 and gt2 on one hand and HEV of gt3 and gt4 on the other. HEV gt1 and gt2 are human viruses, and they induce hepatitis and in the worst case fatal infections in pregnant women. In contrast, HEV gt3 and gt4 are viruses of pigs, and they may infect humans, induce commonly only mild diseases, if any, and are harmless for pregnant women. The goal of this review was to evaluate the risk posed by HEV gt3 and gt4 for xenotransplantation and to indicate ways of their elimination from pigs in order to prevent transmission to the human recipient.
ANDREW DICKSON WHITE AND THE HISTORY OF A RELIGIOUS FUTURE
Authors: Schaefer Richard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAndrew Dickson White played a pivotal role in constructing the image of a necessary, and even violent, confrontation between religion and science that persists to this day. Though scholars have long acknowledged that his position is more complex, given that White claimed to be saving religion from theology, there has been no attempt to explore what this means in light of his overwhelming attack on existing religions. This essay draws attention to how White's role as a historian was decisive in allowing him to posit a future for religion purified of dogma by science. It argues, furthermore, that this effort is better understood as religious innovation, rather than a plea for strictly secular science. In so doing it hopes to lay the foundation for a more fruitful historical treatment of White, and a range of other figures whose devotion to science has otherwise been difficult to grasp.
“FILL AND SUBDUE”? IMAGING GOD IN NEW SOCIAL AND ECOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Authors: Roberts Jason P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhile the social and ecological landscape of the twenty‐first century is worlds away from the historical‐cultural context in which the biblical myth‐symbols of the image of God and the knowledge of good and evil first emerged, Philip Hefner's understanding that Homo sapiens image God as created co‐creators presents a plausible starting point for constructing a second naïveté interpretation of biblical anthropology and a fruitful concept for envisioning and enacting our human future.
WHY RELIGION MATTERS AND THE PURPOSES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A DIALOGUE WITH HUSTON SMITH
Authors: Kenney Garrett 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article examines Huston Smith's critique of and remedy for modernity from the perspective of a college professor who adopted “Why Religion Matters” (2001) as required reading for undergraduates. Smith's heartfelt plea to consider, if not embrace, the common wisdom of traditional religious worldviews deserves a hearing. But Smith's approach is also in need of qualification, supplementation, and critique. This article, ironically, finds the needed qualification, supplementation, and critique in Huston Smith's much earlier publication,The Purposes of Higher Education(1955). This article provides the dialogue.
GLOCALIZATION: RELIGION AND SCIENCE AROUND THE WORLD
Authors: Drees Willem B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis essay explains the rationale behind a series of reviews on interactions between knowledge and values, science and religion, in different countries or regions around the world. The series will run in Zygon for the whole of 2015 and beyond. In the literature, it may seem that discussions in the United States and to a lesser extent the United Kingdom are typical of the issues, but they need not be. David Livingstone showed that the reception of evolution differed, even among Calvinists in different countries. Thus, rather than an export model, we should take time to learn from scholars rooted in different contexts how in their situation issues on knowledge and values arise and are dealt with. In this interplay of global processes and local contexts, indicated with the term glocalization, we should be alert to the migration of concepts and the transformations that ideas undergo.
NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS AND SCIENCE: RAEL'S PROGRESSIVE PATRONIZING PARASITISM
Authors: Bigliardi Stefano 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe article examines the concoction of religion and “science” contained in the revelation that substantiates a new religion: Raelianism, founded and led by the prophet Claude Vorilhon/Rael after having received a revelation in 1974. After a detailed examination both of Rael's prophetic message and his/the Raelians’ interpretative practices, an ad hoc model is presented to describe such concoction (“progressive patronizing parasitism”), and it is compared to other models. It is in particular claimed that Rael, while seemingly talking about “science,” is actually constructing a science‐fictional and even pseudoscientific narrative. The article finally raises the question whether the discussion of the science–religion interaction from the viewpoint of traditional religions can be considered to be immune to the usage of such rhetorical devices.
Whole-Genome Sequences of 80 Environmental and Clinical Isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Johnson Shannon L. , Baker Anthony L. , Chain Patrick S. , Currie Bart J. , Daligault Hajnalka E. , Davenport Karen W. , Davis Christopher B. , Inglis Timothy J. J. , Kaestli Mirjam , Koren Sergey , Mayo Mark , Merritt Adam J. , Price Erin P. , Sarovich Derek S. , Warner Jeffrey , Rosovitz M. J. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequences of 80 isolates of
Burkholderia pseudomallei
. The isolates represent clinical cases of melioidosis and environmental isolates from regions in Australia and Papua New Guinea where
B. pseudomallei
is endemic. The genomes provide further context for the diversity of the pathogen.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Human Herpesvirus 6A Strain AJ from Africa Resembles Strain GS from North America
Authors: Tweedy J. , Spyrou M. A. , Donaldson C. D. , Depledge D. , Breuer J. , Gompels U. A. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
The genome sequence of human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) strain AJ was determined in a comparison of target enrichment and long-range PCR using next-generation sequencing methodologies. The analyses show 85 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), conservation with sequenced HHV-6A reference strain U1102, and closest identity to the recently determined GS strain, despite different geographic origins (United States and Gambia).
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Mutant of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Obtained from China
Authors: Su Wen , Xing Chao , Wu Yan , Wang Yutian , Ding Hua , He Hongxuan 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of a spontaneous mutant of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), termed China/BJ/2014, suggesting that PPRV continues to evolve. This information is crucial for developing strategies for the efficient prevention and control of PPRV.
Draft Genome Sequence and Annotation of the Insect Pathogenic Bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila Strain C2-3, Isolated from Nematode
Steinernema carpocapsae
in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Hong Sung-Jun , Ullah Ihsan , Park Gun-Seok , Jung Byung Kwon , Choi JungBae , Khan Abdur Rahim , Kim Min-Chul , Shin Jae-Ho 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Xenorhabdus nematophila
strain C2-3, which belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae, was isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes collected in the Republic of Korea. Herein, we report a 4.38-Mbp draft genome sequence of X. nematophila strain C2-3, with a 43.6% G+C content. The RAST annotation analysis revealed 4,994 protein-coding sequences in the draft genome.
Draft Genome Sequence of MCPA-Degrading Sphingomonas sp. Strain ERG5, Isolated from a Groundwater Aquifer in Denmark
Authors: Nielsen Tue Kjærgaard , Kot Witold , Sørensen Sebastian R. , Hansen Lars Hestbjerg 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Sphingomonas sp. strain ERG5 was isolated from a bacterial community, originating from a groundwater aquifer polluted with low pesticide concentrations. This bacterium degrades 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in a wide spectrum of concentrations and has been shown to function in bioaugmented sand filters. Genes associated with MCPA degradation are situated on a putative conjugative plasmid.
Draft Genome Sequence of Anoxybacillus Strain BCO1, Isolated from a Thermophilic Microbial Mat Colonizing the Outflow of a Bore Well of the Great Artesian Basin of Australia
Authors: Patel Bharat K. C. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Anoxybacillus strain BCO1, isolated from a thermophilic (50°C) microbial mat colonizing an outflow of a Great Artesian bore well of Australia, possessed a genome of ~2.8 Mb, with a G+C content of 41.7 mol%, and encoded 3,205 genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel GV.2 Sapovirus Strain, NGY-1, Detected from a Suspected Foodborne Gastroenteritis Outbreak
Authors: Shibata Shinichiro , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Kodaira Akari , Kuroda Makoto , Haga Kei , Doan Yen Hai , Takai-Todaka Reiko , Katayama Kazuhiko , Wakita Takaji , Oka Tomoichiro , Hirata Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Sapoviruses, members of the family
Caliciviridae
, are genetically highly diverse. We report here the first complete genome sequence of a genogroup V genotype 2 sapovirus strain, NGY-1, detected from fecal samples of a suspected foodborne gastroenteritis outbreak, determined using a metagenomic sequencing approach.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2 Japanese Reference and Vaccine Strain KZ-91CP
Authors: Sato Asuka , Kameyama Ken-ichiro , Nagai Makoto , Tateishi Kentaro , Ohmori Keitaro , Todaka Reiko , Katayama Kazuhiko , Mizutani Tetsuya , Yamakawa Makoto , Shirai Junsuke 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of the bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 Japanese reference strain KZ-91CP. The complete genome comprises 12,654 nucleotides and one open reading frame with 4,020 amino acids. A 369-nucleotide-long insertion encoding the chaperone protein DnaJ is found in the nonstructural 2 (NS2) coding region.
Genome Sequence of the Clinical Isolate Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Strain UAMS-1
Authors: Sassi Mohamed , Sharma Deepak , Brinsmade Shaun R. , Felden Brice , Augagneur Yoann 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of
Staphylococcus aureus
subsp. aureus strain UAMS-1. UAMS-1 is a virulent oxacillin-susceptible clinical isolate. Its genome is composed of 2,763,963 bp and will be useful for further gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology.
Household sanitation and personal hygiene practices are associated with child stunting in rural India: a cross-sectional analysis of surveys
Authors: Rah Jee Hyun , Cronin Aidan A , Badgaiyan Bhupendra , Aguayo Victor M , Coates Suzanne , Ahmed Sarah 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesIncreasing evidence suggests that water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices affect linear growth in early childhood. We determined the association between household access to water, sanitation and personal hygiene practices with stunting among children aged 0–23 months in rural India.SettingIndia.ParticipantsA total of 10 364, 34 639 and 1282 under-2s who participated in the 2005–2006 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), the 2011 Hunger and Malnutrition Survey (HUNGaMA) and the 2012 Comprehensive Nutrition Survey in Maharashtra (CNSM), respectively, were included in the analysis.Primary outcome measuresThe association between WASH indicators and child stunting was assessed using logistic regression models.ResultsThe prevalence of stunting ranged from 25% to 50% across the three studies. Compared with open defecation, household access to toilet facility was associated with a 16–39% reduced odds of stunting among children aged 0–23 months, after adjusting for all potential confounders (NHFS-3 (OR=0.84, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.99); HUNGaMA (OR=0.84, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.91); CNSM (OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.85)). Household access to improved water supply or piped water was not in itself associated with stunting. The caregiver's self-reported practices of washing hands with soap before meals (OR=0.85, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94) or after defecation (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.93) were inversely associated with child stunting. However, the inverse association between reported personal hygiene practices and stunting was stronger among households with access to toilet facility or piped water (all interaction terms, p<0.05).ConclusionsImproved conditions of sanitation and hygiene practices are associated with reduced prevalence of stunting in rural India. Policies and programming aiming to address child stunting should encompass WASH interventions, thus shifting the emphasis from nutrition-specific to nutrition-sensitive programming. Future randomised trials are warranted to validate the causal association.