bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a patient-centered culturally sensitive health care office staff inventory
Authors: Tucker Carolyn M. , Wall Whitney , Marsiske Michael , Nghiem Khanh , Roncoroni Julia 
Published: December 2014

Aim/BackgroundResearch suggests that patient-perceived culturally sensitive health care encompasses multiple components of the health care delivery system including the cultural sensitivity of front desk office staff. Despite this, research on culturally sensitive health care focuses almost exclusively on provider behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge. This is due in part to the paucity of instruments available to assess the cultural sensitivity of front desk office staff. Thus, the objective of the present study is to determine the psychometric properties of the pilot Tucker-Culturally Sensitive Health Care Office Staff Inventory-Patient Form (T-CSHCOSI-PF), which is an instrument designed to enable patients to evaluate the patient-defined cultural sensitivity of their front desk office staff.MethodsA sample of 1648 adult patients was recruited by staff at 67 health care sites across the United States. These patients anonymously completed the T-CSHCOSI-PF, a demographic data questionnaire, and a patient satisfaction questionnaire.FindingsConfirmatory factor analyses of the TCSHCOSI-PF revealed that this inventory has two factors with high internal consistency reliability and validity (Cronbach’sαs=0.97 and 0.95).ConclusionsIt is concluded that the T-CSHCOSI-PF is a psychometrically strong and useful inventory for assessing the cultural sensitivity of front desk office staff. This inventory can be used to support culturally sensitive health care research, evaluate the job performance of front desk office staff, and aid in the development of trainings designed to improve the cultural sensitivity of these office staff.
Ultrastable cellulosome-adhesion complex tightens under load
Authors: Schoeler Constantin , Malinowska Klara H. , Bernardi Rafael C. , Milles Lukas F. , Jobst Markus A. , Durner Ellis , Ott Wolfgang , Fried Daniel B. , Bayer Edward A. , Schulten Klaus , Gaub Hermann E. , Nash Michael A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChallenging environments have guided nature in the development of ultrastable protein complexes. Specialized bacteria produce discrete multi-component protein networks called cellulosomes to effectively digest lignocellulosic biomass. While network assembly is enabled by protein interactions with commonplace affinities, we show that certain cellulosomal ligand–receptor interactions exhibit extreme resistance to applied force. Here, we characterize the ligand–receptor complex responsible for substrate anchoring in the Ruminococcus flavefaciens cellulosome using single-molecule force spectroscopy and steered molecular dynamics simulations. The complex withstands forces of 600–750 pN, making it one of the strongest bimolecular interactions reported, equivalent to half the mechanical strength of a covalent bond. Our findings demonstrate force activation and inter-domain stabilization of the complex, and suggest that certain network components serve as mechanical effectors for maintaining network integrity. This detailed understanding of cellulosomal network components may help in the development of biocatalysts for production of fuels and chemicals from renewable plant-derived biomass.
Steroidal and non-steroidal third-generation aromatase inhibitors induce pain-like symptoms via TRPA1
Authors: Fusi Camilla , Materazzi Serena , Benemei Silvia , Coppi Elisabetta , Trevisan Gabriela , Marone Ilaria M. , Minocci Daiana , De Logu Francesco , Tuccinardi Tiziano , Di Tommaso Maria Rosaria , Susini Tommaso , Moneti Gloriano , Pieraccini Giuseppe , Geppetti Pierangelo , Nassini Romina 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUse of aromatase inhibitors (AIs), exemestane, letrozole and anastrozole, for breast cancer therapy is associated with severe pain symptoms, the underlying mechanism of which is unknown. The electrophilic nature of AIs suggests that they may target the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, a major pathway in pain transmission and neurogenic inflammation. AIs evoke TRPA1-mediated calcium response and current in rodent nociceptors and human cells expressing the recombinant channel. In mice, AIs produce acute nociception, which is exaggerated by pre-exposure to proalgesic stimuli, and, by releasing sensory neuropeptides, neurogenic inflammation in peripheral tissues. AIs also evoke mechanical allodynia and decreased grip strength, which do not undergo desensitization on prolonged AI administration. These effects are markedly attenuated by TRPA1 pharmacological blockade or in TRPA1-deficient mice. TRPA1 is a major mediator of the proinflammatory/proalgesic actions of AIs, thus suggesting TRPA1 antagonists for the treatment of pain symptoms associated with AI use.
Early warning signals of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation collapse in a fully coupled climate model
Authors: Boulton Chris A. , Allison Lesley C. , Lenton Timothy M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) exhibits two stable states in models of varying complexity. Shifts between alternative AMOC states are thought to have played a role in past abrupt climate changes, but the proximity of the climate system to a threshold for future AMOC collapse is unknown. Generic early warning signals of critical slowing down before AMOC collapse have been found in climate models of low and intermediate complexity. Here we show that early warning signals of AMOC collapse are present in a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model, subject to a freshwater hosing experiment. The statistical significance of signals of increasing lag-1 autocorrelation and variance vary with latitude. They give up to 250 years warning before AMOC collapse, after ~550 years of monitoring. Future work is needed to clarify suggested dynamical mechanisms driving critical slowing down as the AMOC collapse is approached.
Development of hybrid materials based on sponge supported reduced graphene oxide and transition metal hydroxides for hybrid energy storage devices
Authors: Dubal Deepak P. , Holze Rudolf , Gomez-Romero Pedro 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEarnest efforts have been taken to design hybrid energy storage devices using hybrid electrodes based on capacitive (rGO) and pseudocapacitive (Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2) materials deposited on the skeleton of 3D macroporous (indicate sponge material) sponge support. Conducting framework was formed by coating rGO on macroporous sponge on which subsequent deposition of Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 was carried out. The synergetic combination of rGO and Ni(OH)2 or Co(OH)2) provides dual charge-storing mechanisms whereas 3D framework of sponge allows excellent accessibility of electrolyte to hybrid electrodes. Moreover, to further increase the energy density, hybrid devices have been fabricated with SP@rGO@Ni or SP@rGO@Co and SP@rGO as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. These hybrid devices operate with extended operating voltage windows and achieve remarkable electrochemical supercapacitive properties which make them truly promising energy storage devices for commercial production.
Development of a general method for detection and quantification of the P35S promoter based on assessment of existing methods
Authors: Wu Yuhua , Wang Yulei , Li Jun , Li Wei , Zhang Li , Li Yunjing , Li Xiaofei , Li Jun , Zhu Li , Wu Gang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter (P35S) is a commonly used target for detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). There are currently 24 reported detection methods, targeting different regions of the P35S promoter. Initial assessment revealed that due to the absence of primer binding sites in the P35S sequence, 19 of the 24 reported methods failed to detect P35S in MON88913 cotton and the other two methods could only be applied to certain GMOs. The rest three reported methods were not suitable for measurement of P35S in some testing events, because SNPs in binding sites of the primer/probe would result in abnormal amplification plots and poor linear regression parameters. In this study, we discovered a conserved region in the P35S sequence through sequencing of P35S promoters from multiple transgenic events and developed new qualitative and quantitative detection systems targeting this conserved region. The qualitative PCR could detect the P35S promoter in 23 unique GMO events with high specificity and sensitivity. The quantitative method was suitable for measurement of P35S promoter, exhibiting good agreement between the amount of template and Ct values for each testing event. This study provides a general P35S screening method, with greater coverage than existing methods.
Spin transport properties of n-polyacene molecules (n = 1–15) connected to Ni surface electrodes: Theoretical analysis
Authors: Caliskan S. , Laref A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUsing non-equilibrium Green function formalism in conjunction with density functional theory, we explore the spin-polarized transport characteristics of several planar n-acene molecules suspended between two semi-infinite Ni electrodes via the thiol group. We examine the spin-dependence transport on Ni-n-acenes-Ni junctions, while the number of fused benzene rings varies between 1 and 15. Intriguingly, the induced magnetic moments of small acene molecules are higher than that of longer acene rings. The augmentation of fused benzene rings affects both the magnetic and transport features, such as the transmission function and conductance owing to their coupling to the Ni surface contacts via the anchoring group. The interplay between the spin-polarized transport properties, structural configuration and molecular electronic is a fortiori essential in these attractive molecular devices. Thus, this can conduct to the engineering of the electron spin transport in atomistic and molecular junctions. These prominent molecules convincingly infer that the molecular spin valves can conduct to thriving molecular devices.
Site-specific intermolecular valence-band dispersion in α-phase crystalline films of cobalt phthalocyanine studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Yamane Hiroyuki , Kosugi Nobuhiro 
Published: December 2014

The valence band structure of α-phase crystalline films of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) grown on Au(111) is investigated by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) with synchrotron radiation. The photo-induced change in the ARPES peaks is noticed in shape and energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO, C 2p) and HOMO-1 (Co 3d) of CoPc, and is misleading the interpretation of the electronic properties of CoPc films. From the damage-free normal-emission ARPES measurement, the clear valence-band dispersion has been first observed, showing that orbital-specific behaviors are attributable to the interplay of the intermolecular π-π and π-d interactions. The HOMO band dispersion of 0.1 eV gives the lower limit of the hole mobility for α-CoPc of 28.9 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 15 K. The non-dispersive character of the split HOMO-1 bands indicates that the localization of the spin state is a possible origin of the antiferromagnetism.
Developing a research and practice tool to measure walkability: a demonstration project
Authors: Giles‐Corti Billie , Macaulay Gus , Middleton Nick , Boruff Bryan , Bull Fiona , Butterworth Iain , Badland Hannah , Mavoa Suzanne , Roberts Rebecca , Christian Hayley 
Published: December 2014

Issue addressedGrowing evidence shows that higher‐density, mixed‐use, pedestrian‐friendly neighbourhoods encourage active transport, including transport‐related walking. Despite widespread recognition of the benefits of creating more walkable neighbourhoods, there remains a gap between the rhetoric of the need for walkability and the creation of walkable neighbourhoods. Moreover, there is little objective data to benchmark the walkability of neighbourhoods within and between Australian cities in order to monitor planning and design intervention progress and to assess built environment and urban policy interventions required to achieve increased walkability. This paper describes a demonstration project that aimed to develop, trial and validate a ‘Walkability Index Tool’ that could be used by policy makers and practitioners to assess the walkability of local areas; or by researchers to access geospatial data assessing walkability. The overall aim of the project was to develop an automated geospatial tool capable of creating walkability indices for neighbourhoods at user‐specified scales.MethodsThe tool is based on open‐source software architecture, within the Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network (AURIN) framework, and incorporates key sub‐component spatial measures of walkability (street connectivity, density and land use mix).ResultsUsing state‐based data, we demonstrated it was possible to create an automated walkability index. However, due to the lack of availability of consistent of national data measuring land use mix, at this stage it has not been possible to create a national walkability measure. The next stage of the project is to increase useability of the tool within the AURIN portal and to explore options for alternative spatial data sources that will enable the development of a valid national walkability index.ConclusionAURIN's open‐source Walkability Index Tool is a first step in demonstrating the potential benefit of a tool that could measure walkability across Australia. It also demonstrates the value of making accurate spatial data available for research purposes.So what?There remains a gap between urban policy and practice, in terms of creating walkable neighbourhoods. When fully implemented, AURIN's walkability tool could be used to benchmark Australian cities against which planning and urban design decisions could be assessed to monitor progress towards achieving policy goals. Making cleaned data readily available for research purposes through a common portal could also save time and financial resources.
Historical Archaeology in Mexico
Authors: Fournier G. Patricia , Velasquez Sánchez Hidalgo Verónica 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis chapter explores the development of historical archaeology in Mexico: from its inception as an empirical and descriptive auxiliary to restoration projects and the handmaiden of history to its current consolidation as a scientific discipline posing socially informed questions. Examples from the Colonial to the Republican periods in urban, rural, religious, and military sites from the northern frontier to the southern coast and the Caribbean will be presented to provide a general overview of the intricacy and variability of historical archaeology research in Mexico. Furthermore, theoretical and methodological aspects focused on social complexity derived from different approaches will be considered; and major themes such as colonialism, capitalism, production, exchange and consumption patterns, ethnicity, and the construction of social status and identities will be illustrated. Finally, a critical discussion of the state of historical archaeology in Mexico draws attention to key debates and assesses future perspectives in the study of the recent past.
Modern-World Archaeology
Authors: Orser Charles E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHistorical archaeology has grown exponentially since its inception. By the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century, practitioners of the field had conducted research throughout the world in locales only imagined in the mid-twentieth century. The spread of historical archaeology in Europe, Asia, and Africa—and other places with long, rich documentary histories—has meant that two senses of ‘historical archaeology’ now exist. The creation of modern-world archaeology seeks to define an archaeology of the post-Columbian world as an archaeology explicitly engaged in investigating the historical antecedents of our present age. This chapter explains the rationale behind the creation of modern-world archaeology, outlines some of its central tenets, and provides a brief example of one subject of relevance to the field.
The Origins of New York City
Authors: Cantwell Anne-Marie , Wall Diana diZerega 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In the fifteenth century, a rich coastal area along the western rim of the Atlantic Basin, now known as New York City, was on the brink of transformation. It was a quiet place where autonomous communities of egalitarian peoples, today known as the Munsee, lived. Three centuries later, that place had become the first capital of a new, slave-owning, settler nation, the United States of America, and that nation’s premier port. In between, it was first an extractive and then a settler colony of two major European powers, the Netherlands and England, and a battleground in the American Revolution. This chapter uses the results of archaeological excavations there to illuminate that dramatic transformation.
School and Housing Segregation
Authors: Bullock Charles S. , Lamb Charles M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This chapter surveys the literature on racial discrimination and segregation in education and housing in the United States. It indicates that federal governmental institutions ultimately led the way in outlawing school segregation and some of the practices that created or maintained racially separate neighborhoods. Yet research also shows that much more progress has been made at enforcing federal legal standards during particular periods of time than others, as the political system has vacillated between the need to ensure equal opportunity and the desire to maintain aspects of past segregation. Recent studies demonstrate that school and housing segregation have declined, depending on the school district or housing market being examined. However, because segregated schools and housing patterns are still widespread in much of the country, both subjects continue to be fruitful areas for research.
Race, Ethnicity, and Education Policy
Authors: Hochschild Jennifer L. , Shen Francis X. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Persistent white–black disparities in education outcomes, combined with the growing presence of Asian American and especially Latino children, will make race and ethnicity a core element of education policy in the United States in the twenty-first century. This chapter explores, without resolving, a series of questions at the intersection of race, ethnicity, and American education policy. We review research evidence on persistent racial achievement gaps, race and school choice, the impact of No Child Left Behind, urban school governance, segregation, and the role of the courts in desegregation and school finance. We find that most questions about the best policies on these topics have no clear answers for several reasons explored in the chapter. Furthermore, future research must be reconceptualized since standard assumptions about group boundaries and group interests warrant reexamination. The study of education needs better data, improved methodologies, closer attention to class dynamics, and less partisan scholarship.
Belief and Ritual
Authors: Briault Camilla 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe can no longer maintain that religion is a neglected area of archaeological discourse. Recent interest owes much to the post-processual recognition of the materiality of social life, though there is still disagreement about the extent to which belief and ritual are embedded in social action. Meanwhile, the classic structuralist trope that ritual systems are inherently conservative and that religious structure mirrors social structure has been seriously reconsidered within anthropology. As with many other areas, the special contribution of archaeology may well be its long time-depth, allowing ritual and social change to be studied over more than just a few generations. This chapter reviews several fundamental questions in the archaeology of belief and ritual: Why is it important to study religion? What are the problems in the archaeology of belief? Is the distinction between the sacred and the profane a useful one? What is the social role of religion?
Evolution, agency, and objects
Authors: da Silva Filipe Carreira , Baert Patrick 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss the relationship between the tradition of American philosophical pragmatism and contemporary archaeological theory. Our focus is on the work of G.H. Mead, whose social pragmatism has played an important role in the recent neo-pragmatist revival. We begin by explaining the reasons for the highly selective appropriation of his ideas in sociology. We then suggest an alternative reading of Mead. This alternative reading explores two fundamental categories in Mead’s thinking: his conception of agency and his theory of objects. We conclude by showing the fruitful intersections between these two aspects of Mead’s work and recent post-processual archaeology.
Cognitive Foundations of Human Number Representations and Mental Arithmetic
Authors: Lindemann Oliver , Fischer Martin H. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The chapters in this section of the volume reveal the striking variety of human numerical cognition. The section comprises four chapters that focus on different aspects of the representation of numerical knowledge, as well as three chapters that examine the several cognitive processes involved in the manipulation of numbers during simple mental arithmetic. They show how chronometric analyses, in combination with clever experimental designs, can reveal the cognitive processes and representations underlying this impressive collection of cognitive skills. Our goal in this overview chapter is to highlight common themes that connect these contributions. In particular, we suggest links between the present contributions, all of which are firmly grounded in the traditional information-processing approach to the human mind, and the more recently emerged embodied cognition perspective, according to which all knowledge representations remain associated with those sensory and motor features that were activated during acquisition of that knowledge.
Information Structure and Language Change
Authors: Eckardt Regine , Speyer Augustin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article explores the effect of language change on focusing and focus constructions based on observations and case studies. It begins by analysing bleached focus and contrasts it with independent focus. It also makes a distinction between universal focus effects and language-specific focus operators to show how language change can affect the specific parts of the grammar of focus. The discussion then turns to the emergence of focus sensitive particles, with particular reference to the semantic units that precede focus as part of semantic composition. The Jespersen Cycle is considered as a classic example of independent focus that gets bleached and finally lost. The article concludes by looking at information structure and syntactic change in the rise and loss of V2 in Germanic languages. It demonstrates how bleached focus can bridge the gap between the formal focus and informal notions of information structure.
Information Structure in Slavic
Authors: Jasinskaja Katja 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis chapter presents a concise overview of the linguistic means that express categories of information structure (IS) in Slavic languages. Concentrating especially on (a) the realization of broad vs narrow focus (focus projection); and (b) the expression of given information, topic, and delimitation, the chapter covers intonation and ‘free’ word order—the two most widely discussed ways of IS encoding. It further presents less well studied IS-sensitive devices and phenomena in Slavic: clefts, predicate doubling, topic and focus particles, as well as the interaction of IS with the Slavic clitic systems, in particular, in the expression of positive and negative polarity (or verum) focus.