bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of nutrient-dependent mRNA translation in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Nagarajan Sabarish , Grewal Savraj S. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
The larval period of the Drosophila life cycle is characterized by immense growth. In nutrient rich conditions, larvae increase in mass approximately two hundred-fold in five days. However, upon nutrient deprivation, growth is arrested. The prevailing view is that dietary amino acids drive this larval growth by activating the conserved insulin/PI3 kinase and Target of rapamycin (TOR) pathways and promoting anabolic metabolism. One key anabolic process is protein synthesis. However, few studies have attempted to measure mRNA translation during larval development or examine the signaling requirements for nutrient-dependent regulation. Our work addresses this issue. Using polysome analyses, we observed that starvation rapidly (within thirty minutes) decreased larval mRNA translation, with a maximal decrease at 6–18 hours. By analyzing individual genes, we observed that nutrient-deprivation led to a general reduction in mRNA translation, regardless of any starvation-mediated changes (increase or decrease) in total transcript levels. Although sugars and amino acids are key regulators of translation in animal cells and are the major macronutrients in the larval diet, we found that they alone were not sufficient to maintain mRNA translation in larvae. The insulin/PI3 kinase and TOR pathways are widely proposed as the main link between nutrients and mRNA translation in animal cells. However, we found that genetic activation of PI3K and TOR signaling, or regulation of two effectors – 4EBP and S6K – could not prevent the starvation-mediated translation inhibition. Similarly, we showed that the nutrient stress-activated eIF2α kinases, GCN2 and PERK, were not required for starvation-induced inhibition of translation in larvae. These findings indicate that nutrient control of mRNA translation in larvae is more complex than simply amino acid activation of insulin and TOR signaling.
Transgenic mouse model of cutaneous adnexal tumors
Authors: Kito Yusuke , Saigo Chiemi , Atsushi Kurabayashi , Mutsuo Furihata , Tamotsu Takeuchi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTMEM207 was first characterized as being an important molecule for the invasion activity of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma cells. In order to unravel the pathological properties of TMEM207, we generated several transgenic mouse lines, designated C57BL/6-Tg (ITF-TMEM207), in which murine TMEM207 was ectopically expressed under a truncated (by ~200 bp) proximal promoter of the murine intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) gene (also known as Tff3). Unexpectedly, a C57BL/6-Tg (ITF-TMEM207) mouse line exhibited a high incidence of spontaneous intradermal tumors with histopathological features that resembled those of various human cutaneous adnexal tumors. These tumors were found in ~14% female and 13% of male 6- to 12-month-old mice. TMEM207 immunoreactivity was found in hair follicle bulge cells in non-tumorous skin, as well as in cutaneous adnexal tumors of the transgenic mouse. The ITF-TMEM207 construct in this line appeared to be inserted to a major satellite repeat sequence at chromosome 2, in which no definite coding molecule was found. In addition, we also observed cutaneous adnexal tumors in three other C57BL/6-Tg (ITF-TMEM207) transgenic mouse lines. We believe that the C57BL/6-Tg (ITF-TMEM207) mouse might be a useful model to understand human cutaneous adnexal tumors.
CFD for Subcooled Flow Boiling: Analysis of DEBORA Tests
Authors: Krepper Eckhard , Rzehak Roland 
Published: October 2014

In this work we investigate the present capabilities of CFD for wall boiling. The computational model used combines the Euler/Euler two-phase flow description with heat flux partitioning. Very similar modelling was previously applied to boiling water under high pressure conditions relevant to nuclear power systems. Similar conditions in terms of the relevant non-dimensional numbers have been realized in the DEBORA tests using Dichlorodifluoromethane (R12) as the working fluid. This facilitated measurements of radial profiles for gas volume fraction, gas velocity, liquid temperature and bubble size. Robust predictive capabilities of the modelling require that it is validated for a wide range of parameters. In previous studies (Krepper and Rzehak, 2011, 2013) it was shown that a careful calibration of correlations used in the wall boiling model is necessary to obtain agreement with the measured data. We here consider tests under a variety of conditions concerning liquid subcooling, flow rate and heat flux. It is investigated to which extent a set of calibrated model parameters suffices to cover at least a certain parameter range. In the paper the potential of the application of a population balance model is demonstrated. The measured gas bubble size profiles show an increase of the bubble size with increased distance from the heated wall caused by bubble coalescence. Furthermore the model framework is shown to be able to describe a shift from wall peak to core peak in the radial gas volume fraction profiles with increasing inlet temperature respective decreasing subcooling temperature, which was observed in some test series.
The Control of Sand Curtains Used in Abrasion Testing
Authors: Sabatino Daniel R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Abrasion testing that follows the ASTM G65-04(2010) test method involves the delivery of a test sand to an abrasion wheel that removes material from a test specimen. The sand flow is controlled by a supply valve and delivered to a nozzle in order to form a uniform “curtain.” It has been found that as the nozzle exit area is increased, the sand flow becomes widely dispersed and unstable. An experimental study was performed to determine the cause of this effect and to identify a means to mitigate it. By visualizing the inlet and outlet flow of different nozzles it was found that the dispersed flow occurs when the feed tube does not completely fill with sand. This sparsely packed flow in the nozzle is able to exit with a wide range of exit angles and yields the dispersed flow pattern as well as a higher flow rate. It was found that when the flow is controlled at the nozzle outlet, allowing the system to completely fill with sand before the flow is initiated, a desirable narrow sand curtain forms because the particles are more closely packed and thus their motion is more constrained. The narrow curtain is associated with lower flow rates than the dispersed pattern for the same geometry and once established will remain stable until the flow is terminated.
The different requirement of l-T4 therapy in congenital athyreosis compared with adult-acquired hypothyroidism suggests a persisting thyroid hormone resistance at the hypothalamic–pituitary level
Authors: Bagattini Brunella , Cosmo Caterina Di , Montanelli Lucia , Piaggi Paolo , Ciampi Mariella , Agretti Patrizia , Marco Giuseppina De , Vitti Paolo , Tonacchera Massimo 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundLevothyroxine (l-T4) is commonly employed to correct hormone deficiency in children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and in adult patients with iatrogenic hypothyroidism.ObjectiveTo compare the daily weight-based dosage of the replacement therapy withl-T4in athyreotic adult patients affected by CH and adult patients with thyroid nodular or cancer diseases treated by total thyroidectomy.Design and methodsA total of 36 adult patients (27 females and nine males) aged 18–29 years were studied; 13 patients (age: 21.5±2.1, group CH) had athyreotic CH treated withl-T4since the first days of life. The remaining 23 patients (age: 24±2.7, group AH) had hypothyroidism after total thyroidectomy (14 patients previously affected by nodular disease and nine by thyroid carcinoma with clinical and biochemical remission). Patient weight, serum free thyroid hormones, TSH, thyroglobulin (Tg), anti-Tg, and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies were measured. Requiredl-T4dosage was evaluated. At the time of the observations, all patients presented free thyroid hormones within the normal range and TSH between 0.8 and 2 μIU/ml.ResultsPatients had undetectable Tg and anti-thyroid antibodies. The daily weight-based dosage of the replacement therapy withl-T4to reach euthyroidism in patients of group CH was significantly higher than that in those of group AH (2.16±0.36 vs 1.73±0.24 μg/kg,P<0.005). Patients of group CH treated withl-T4had significantly higher serum TSH levels than patients of group AH (P=0.05) as well as higher FT4concentrations.ConclusionsTo correct hypothyroidism, patients of group CH required a dailyl-T4dose/kg higher than group AH patients, despite higher levels of TSH. The different requirement of replacement therapy between adult patients with congenital and those with surgical athyroidism could be explained by a lack of thyroid hormones since fetal life in CH, which could determine a different set point of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis.
Understanding the Performance of a Microfluidic Electrolysis Cell for Routine Organic Electrosynthesis
Authors: Green Robert A. , Brown Richard C. D. , Pletcher Derek 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In order for microflow electrolysis cells to make their full contribution to routine laboratory organic synthesis, they must be capable of carrying out reactions with good selectivity and high conversion at a high rate of conversion. In addition to appropriate choice of the electrolysis medium and control of the overall cell chemistry, both the design of the electrolysis cell (including materials of construction) and the correct selection of the cell current and flow rate of the solution are critical in determining performance. The conclusions are tested using the methoxylation of N-formylpyrrolidine as the test reaction in a microflow electrolysis cell with a single, long, patterned flow channel.
Travail de la relation
Authors: Calvet Maxime-Hélène , Moro Marie Rose 
Published: October 2014

Cet article s’appuie sur une enquête menée en 2012 par M. H. Calvet auprès des Maisons des Adolescents. L’objet était de questionner la place faite aux parents par les mda , dispositifs destinés en première adresse aux adolescents. L’approche privilégiée est une approche sémantique : le discours des mda , leur façon de nommer les parents, de dire la relation de ces derniers tant avec leur adolescent qu’avec les mda elles-mêmes.
Un groupe pour les parents
Authors: Giraud Catherine , Moro Marie Rose 
Published: October 2014

Huit années de pratique d’un groupe de parole pour parents d’adolescentes atteintes de tca à la Maison de Solenn ont amené les observations suivantes : contre le risque de clôture du système familial, la fréquentation du groupe, co-animé par un binôme parent-soignant, procure un sentiment d’appartenance et permet un « retour en société ». L’effet « contenant » sur les mouvements psychiques accélère la mobilisation des ressources familiales et l’alliance thérapeutique. L’importance des liens d’attachement qui se nouent permet aussi de considérer le groupe comme un lieu d’entraide.
Les fantaisies partagées
Authors: Atger Ioana 
Published: October 2014

Les familles des patients adolescents hospitalisés en soins-études et les équipes soignantes partagent des fantaisies communes de séparation-adoption, de réparation-destruction et de séduction-rejet. Dans cette « constellation adolescente », parents et équipes se retrouvent régulièrement en position d’identification, de projection, d’isomorphisme, de reflet systémique, de résonance. Ces phénomènes mettent les équipes en difficulté mais leur compréhension et leur élaboration est une chance à la fois pour les patients, leur famille et les institutions.
Une nouvelle « guerre sans nom » ?
Authors: Buisson-Fenet Emmanuel 
Published: October 2014

Résumé	L’Algérie vue d’ici n’est pas ignorée, les attentats en France l’ont déjà par deux foisviolemment rappelée à notre souvenir. Simplement on la regarde d’un air étonné, et cet étonnement est effrayant.
un drame musical instantané
Authors: Ollivier Stéphane 
Published: October 2014

Résumé	Voilà plus de vingt ans maintenant qu’un drame musical instantané travaille à transgresser joyeusement les frontières entre l’art et la vie... musique, théâtre, cinéma, littérature, aujourd’hui multimédia : autant de domaines investis, traversés, pillés, revivifiés par la grâce d’agencements inédits. un projet ambitieux pour un champ d’action illimité. une formation atypique, marginale par nature : la marge, n’est-ce pas ce qui relie ?
Un brunch dont vous ne serez pas peu fière
Authors: Celse Michel 
Published: October 2014

Résumé	Le brunch est au menu d’ordonnance classique ce que la révolution sexuelle fut à la conjugalité hétéro monogame. C’est l’idéal pour inviter quelques vieilles copines des deux sexes au lendemain d’un jour que d’aucuns sont fiers de fêter.
Les centres de langues : des dispositifs pluriels à un dispositif modélisé ?
Authors: Rivens Mompean Annick 
Published: October 2014

Les centres de langues dans les universités françaises ont des modalités de fonctionnement peu normées et plurielles. Les apprenants ont des besoins variés, de la langue généraliste de communication à la langue de spécialité. Les moyens offerts (structurels, financiers ou pédagogiques) ainsi que le type de ressources privilégiées sont également variables, entre présence et distance, des ressources numériques au conseil individualisé…Pour trouver des éléments unifiants au sein de cette diversité, nous proposons une modélisation du "centre de langues", afin de faire émerger les éléments récurrents, essentiels et constitutifs de ce dispositif d'apprentissage. Nous proposons ainsi cinq volets qui nous semblent fondamentaux pour appréhender la question des centres de langues : le contexte européen pour l'enseignement / apprentissage des langues, le statut de la langue, l'évolution temporelle, les notions didactiques à convoquer – en particulier autour des questions d'apprentissage des langues médiatisé et d'autonomie d'apprentissage, qui permettent d'aboutir à une modélisation, nécessairement évolutive, en fonction des pratiques mouvantes de ces champs de recherche.
4-1BB Ligand Activates Bystander Dendritic Cells To Enhance Immunization in Trans
Authors: Macdonald Douglas C. , Hotblack Alastair , Akbar Saniath , Britton Gary , Collins Mary K. , Rosenberg William C. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Expression of the costimulatory receptor 4-1BB is induced by TCR recognition of Ag, whereas 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) is highly expressed on activated APC. 4-1BB signaling is particularly important for survival of activated and memory CD8+ T cells. We wished to test whether coexpression of Ag and 4-1BBL by dendritic cells (DC) would be an effective vaccine strategy. Therefore, we constructed lentiviral vectors (LV) coexpressing 4-1BBL and influenza nucleoprotein (NP). Following s.c. immunization of mice, which targets DC, we found superior CD8+ T cell responses against NP and protection from influenza when 4-1BBL was expressed. However, functionally superior CD8+ T cell responses were obtained when two LV were coinjected: one expressing 4-1BBL and the other expressing NP. This surprising result suggested that 4-1BBL is more effective when expressed in trans, acting on adjacent DC. Therefore, we investigated the effect of LV expression of 4-1BBL in mouse DC cultures and observed induced maturation of bystander, untransduced cells. Maturation was blocked by anti–4-1BBL Ab, required cell–cell contact, and did not require the cytoplasmic signaling domain of 4-1BBL. Greater maturation of untransduced cells could be explained by LV expression of 4-1BBL, causing downregulation of 4-1BB. These data suggest that coexpression of 4-1BBL and Ag by vaccine vectors that target DC may not be an optimal strategy. However, 4-1BBL LV immunization activates significant numbers of bystander DC in the draining lymph nodes. Therefore, transactivation by 4-1BBL/4-1BB interaction following DC–DC contact may play a role in the immune response to infection or vaccination.
HIF-1α–Mediated Upregulation of TASK-2 K+ Channels Augments Ca2+ Signaling in Mouse B Cells under Hypoxia
Authors: Shin Dong Hoon , Lin Haiyue , Zheng Haifeng , Kim Kyung Su , Kim Jin Young , Chun Yang Sook , Park Jong Wan , Nam Joo Hyun , Kim Woo Kyung , Zhang Yin Hua , Kim Sung Joon 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The general consensus is that immune cells are exposed to physiological hypoxia in vivo (PhyO2, 2–5% PO2). However, functional studies of B cells in hypoxic conditions are sparse. Recently, we reported the expression in mouse B cells of TASK-2, a member of pH-sensitive two-pore domain K+ channels with background activity. In this study, we investigated the response of K+ channels to sustained PhyO2 (sustained hypoxia [SH], 3% PO2 for 24 h) in WEHI-231 mouse B cells. SH induced voltage-independent background K+ conductance (SH-Kbg) and hyperpolarized the membrane potential. The pH sensitivity and the single-channel conductance of SH-Kbg were consistent with those of TASK-2. Immunoblotting assay results showed that SH significantly increased plasma membrane expressions of TASK-2. Conversely, SH failed to induce any current following small interfering (si)TASK-2 transfection. Similar hypoxic upregulation of TASK-2 was also observed in splenic primary B cells. Mechanistically, upregulation of TASK-2 by SH was prevented by si hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) transfection or by YC-1, a pharmacological HIF-1α inhibitor. In addition, TASK-2 current was increased in WEHI-231 cells overexpressed with O2-resistant HIF-1α. Importantly, [Ca2+]c increment in response to BCR stimulation was significantly higher in SH-exposed B cells, which was abolished by high K+-induced depolarization or by siTASK-2 transfection. The data demonstrate that TASK-2 is upregulated under hypoxia via HIF-1α–dependent manner in B cells. This is functionally important in maintaining the negative membrane potential and providing electrical driving force to control Ca2+ influx.
Alarmin Function of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL37 through IL-36γ Induction in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes
Authors: Li Na , Yamasaki Kenshi , Saito Rumiko , Fukushi-Takahashi Sawako , Shimada-Omori Ryoko , Asano Masayuki , Aiba Setsuya 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSeveral dermatoses, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and rosacea, alter the expression of the innate immune effector human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP). To elucidate the roles of aberrant CAMP in dermatoses, we performed cDNA array analysis in CAMP-stimulated human epidermal keratinocytes, the primary cells responding to innate immune stimuli and a major source of CAMP LL37 in skin. Among LL37-inducible genes, IL-1 cluster genes, particularly IL36G, are of interest because we observed coordinate increases in CAMP and IL-36γ in the lesional skin of psoriasis, whereas virtually no CAMP or IL-36γ was observed in nonlesional skin and normal skin. The production and release of IL-36γ were up to 20–30 ng/ml in differentiated keratinocytes cultured in high-calcium media. G-protein inhibitor pertussis toxin and p38 inhibitor suppressed IL-36γ induction by LL37. As an alarmin, LL37 induces chemokines, including CXCL1, CXCL8/IL8, CXCL10/IP-10, and CCL20/MIP3a, and IL-36 (10–100 ng/ml) augments the production of these chemokines by LL37. Pretreatment with small interfering RNA against IL36γ and IL-36R IL36R/IL1RL2 and IL1RAP suppressed LL37-dependent IL8, CXCL1, CXCL10/IP10, and CCL20 production in keratinocytes, suggesting that the alarmin function of LL37 was partially dependent on IL-36γ and its receptors. Counting on CAMP induction in innate stimuli, such as in infection and wounding, IL-36γ induction by cathelicidin would explain the mechanism of initiation of skin inflammation and occasional exacerbations of psoriasis and skin diseases by general infection.
Microbiota-Derived Compounds Drive Steady-State Granulopoiesis via MyD88/TICAM Signaling
Authors: Balmer Maria L. , Schürch Christian M. , Saito Yasuyuki , Geuking Markus B. , Li Hai , Cuenca Miguelangel , Kovtonyuk Larisa V. , McCoy Kathy D. , Hapfelmeier Siegfried , Ochsenbein Adrian F. , Manz Markus G. , Slack Emma , Macpherson Andrew J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Neutropenia is probably the strongest known predisposition to infection with otherwise harmless environmental or microbiota-derived species. Because initial swarming of neutrophils at the site of infection occurs within minutes, rather than the hours required to induce “emergency granulopoiesis,” the relevance of having high numbers of these cells available at any one time is obvious. We observed that germ-free (GF) animals show delayed clearance of an apathogenic bacterium after systemic challenge. In this article, we show that the size of the bone marrow myeloid cell pool correlates strongly with the complexity of the intestinal microbiota. The effect of colonization can be recapitulated by transferring sterile heat-treated serum from colonized mice into GF wild-type mice. TLR signaling was essential for microbiota-driven myelopoiesis, as microbiota colonization or transferring serum from colonized animals had no effect in GF MyD88−/−TICAM1−/− mice. Amplification of myelopoiesis occurred in the absence of microbiota-specific IgG production. Thus, very low concentrations of microbial Ags and TLR ligands, well below the threshold required for induction of adaptive immunity, sets the bone marrow myeloid cell pool size. Coevolution of mammals with their microbiota has probably led to a reliance on microbiota-derived signals to provide tonic stimulation to the systemic innate immune system and to maintain vigilance to infection. This suggests that microbiota changes observed in dysbiosis, obesity, or antibiotic therapy may affect the cross talk between hematopoiesis and the microbiota, potentially exacerbating inflammatory or infectious states in the host.
Synaptic Release of CCL5 Storage Vesicles Triggers CXCR4 Surface Expression Promoting CTL Migration in Response to CXCL12
Authors: Franciszkiewicz Katarzyna , Boutet Marie , Gauthier Ludiane , Vergnon Isabelle , Peeters Kelly , Duc Olivier , Besse Benjamin , de Saint Basile Geneviève , Chouaib Salem , Mami-Chouaib Fathia 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe lytic function of CTL relies on the polarized release of cytotoxic granules (CG) at the immune synapse (IS) with target cells. CTL also contain CCL5 in cytoplasmic storage vesicles (CCL5V) distinct from CG, the role of which, in regulating T cell effector functions, is not understood. Using human CD8+ T cells specific to a lung tumor–associated Ag, we show in this article that CTL release both secretory compartments into the immune synapse with autologous tumor cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that disorganization of the T cell microtubule cytoskeleton and defects in hMunc13-4 or Rab27a abrogate CG exocytosis and synaptic secretion of the chemokine. Mechanistically, synaptic release of CCL5 cytoplasmic storage vesicles likely occurs upon their coalescence with the Rab27a-hMunc13-4 compartment and results in autocrine, CCR5-dependent induction of CXCR4 cell surface expression, thereby promoting T cell migration in response to CXCL12. We propose that CCL5 polarized delivery represents a mechanism by which CTL control immune synapse duration.