bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the genetic association between the cerebral cortex and fibromyalgia
Authors: Liu Aihui , Wang Jing , Jin Tianyu , Jiang Zhaoyu , Huang Shan , Li Shinan , Ying Zhenhua , Jiang Hongyang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a central sensitization syndrome that is strongly associated with the cerebral cortex. This study used bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the bidirectional causality between FM and the cortical surface area and cortical thickness of 34 brain regions. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary method for this study, and sensitivity analyses further supported the results. The forward MR analysis revealed that genetically determined thinner cortical thickness in the parstriangularis (OR = 0.0567 mm, PIVW = 0.0463), caudal middle frontal (OR = 0.0346 mm, PIVW = 0.0433), and rostral middle frontal (OR = 0.0285 mm, PIVW = 0.0463) was associated with FM. Additionally, a reduced genetically determined cortical surface area in the pericalcarine (OR = 0.9988 mm2, PIVW = 0.0085) was associated with an increased risk of FM. Conversely, reverse MR indicated that FM was associated with cortical thickness in the caudal middle frontal region (β = −0.0035 mm, PIVW = 0.0265), fusiform region (β = 0.0024 mm, SE = 0.0012, PIVW = 0.0440), the cortical surface area in the supramarginal (β = −9.3938 mm2, PIVW = 0.0132), and postcentral regions (β = −6.3137 mm2, PIVW = 0.0360). Reduced cortical thickness in the caudal middle frontal gyrus is shown to have a significant relationship with FM prevalence in a bidirectional causal analysis.
Using overlapping methods to counter adversaries in community detection
Authors: Miller Benjamin A , Chan Kevin , Eliassi-Rad Tina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When dealing with large graphs, community detection is a useful data triage tool that can identify subsets of the network that a data analyst should investigate. In an adversarial scenario, the graph may be manipulated to avoid scrutiny of certain nodes by the analyst. Robustness to such behaviour is an important consideration for data analysts in high-stakes scenarios such as cyber defense and counterterrorism. In this paper, we evaluate the use of overlapping community detection methods in the presence of adversarial attacks aimed at lowering the priority of a specific vertex. We formulate the data analyst’s choice as a Stackelberg game in which the analyst chooses a community detection method and the attacker chooses an attack strategy in response. Applying various attacks from the literature to nine real network datasets, we find that, when the attacker has a sufficient budget, overlapping community detection methods outperform non-overlapping methods, often overwhelmingly so. This is the case when the attacker can only add edges that connect to the target and when the capability is added to add edges between neighbours of the target. We also analyze the tradeoff between robustness in the presence of an attack and performance when there is no attack. Our extensible analytic framework enables network data analysts to take these considerations into account and incorporate new attacks and community detection methods as they are developed.
Comparative analysis of new mScarlet-based red fluorescent tags in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Cao Wen Xi , Merritt Daniel M , Pe Karinna , Cesar Michael , Hobert Oliver 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
One problem that has hampered the use of red fluorescent proteins in the fast-developing nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been the substantial time delay in maturation of several generations of red fluorophores. The recently described mScarlet-I3 protein has properties that may overcome this limitation. We compare here the brightness and onset of expression of CRISPR/Cas9 genome-engineered mScarlet, mScarlet3, mScarlet-I3, and GFP reporter knock-ins. Comparing the onset and brightness of expression of reporter alleles of C. elegans golg-4, encoding a broadly expressed Golgi resident protein, we found that the onset of detection of mScarlet-I3 in the embryo is several hours earlier than older versions of mScarlet and comparable to GFP. These findings were further supported by comparing mScarlet-I3 and GFP reporter alleles for pks-1, a gene expressed in the CAN neuron and cells of the alimentary system, as well as reporter alleles for the pan-neuronal, nuclear marker unc-75. Hence, the relative properties of mScarlet-I3 and GFP do not depend on cellular or subcellular context. In all cases, mScarlet-I3 reporters also show improved signal-to-noise ratio compared to GFP.
An orbital strategy for regulating the Jahn–Teller effect
Authors: Shang Tongtong , Gao Ang , Xiao Dongdong , Zhang Qinghua , Rong Xiaohui , Tang Zhexin , Lin Weiguang , Lin Ting , Meng Fanqi , Li Xinyan , Wen Yuren , Wang Xuefeng , Su Dong , Chen Zhen , Hu Yong-Sheng , Li Hong , Yu Qian , Zhang Ze , Wu Lijun , Gu Lin , Zuo Jian-Min , Zhu Yimei , Chen Liquan , Nan Ce-Wen 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The Jahn–Teller effect (JTE) arising from lattice–electron coupling is a fascinating phenomenon that profoundly affects important physical properties in a number of transition-metal compounds. Controlling JT distortions and their corresponding electronic structures is highly desirable to tailor the functionalities of materials. Here, we propose a local coordinate strategy to regulate the JTE through quantifying occupancy in the ${{d}_{{{z}^2}}}$ and ${{d}_{{{x}^2} - {{y}^2}}}$ orbitals of Mn and scrutinizing the symmetries of the ligand oxygen atoms in MnO6 octahedra in LiMn2O4 and Li0.5Mn2O4. The effectiveness of such a strategy has been demonstrated by constructing P2-type NaLixMn1–xO2 oxides with different Li/Mn ordering schemes. In addition, this strategy is also tenable for most 3d transition-metal compounds in spinel and perovskite frameworks, indicating the universality of local coordinate strategy and the tunability of the lattice–orbital coupling in transition-metal oxides. This work demonstrates a useful strategy to regulate JT distortion and provides useful guidelines for future design of functional materials with specific physical properties.
Scalable Bayesian uncertainty quantification with data-driven priors for radio interferometric imaging
Authors: Liaudat Tobías I , Mars Matthijs , Price Matthew A , Pereyra Marcelo , Betcke Marta M , McEwen Jason D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Next-generation radio interferometers like the Square Kilometer Array have the potential to unlock scientific discoveries thanks to their unprecedented angular resolution and sensitivity. One key to unlocking their potential resides in handling the deluge and complexity of incoming data. This challenge requires building radio interferometric (RI) imaging methods that can cope with the massive data sizes and provide high-quality image reconstructions with uncertainty quantification (UQ). This work proposes a method coined quantifAI to address UQ in RI imaging with data-driven (learned) priors for high-dimensional settings. Our model, rooted in the Bayesian framework, uses a physically motivated model for the likelihood. The model exploits a data-driven convex prior potential, which can encode complex information learned implicitly from simulations and guarantee the log-concavity of the posterior. We leverage probability concentration phenomena of high-dimensional log-concave posteriors to obtain information about the posterior, avoiding MCMC sampling techniques. We rely on convex optimization methods to compute the MAP estimation, which is known to be faster and better scale with dimension than MCMC strategies. quantifAI allows us to compute local credible intervals and perform hypothesis testing of structure on the reconstructed image. We propose a novel fast method to compute pixel-wise uncertainties at different scales, which uses three and six orders of magnitude less likelihood evaluations than other UQ methods like length of the credible intervals and Monte Carlo posterior sampling, respectively. We demonstrate our method by reconstructing RI images in a simulated setting and carrying out fast and scalable UQ, which we validate with MCMC sampling. Our method shows an improved image quality and more meaningful uncertainties than the benchmark method based on a sparsity-promoting prior.
Structural and molecular characteristics of weight‐bearing volar skin can be reconstituted by micro skin tissue column grafting
Authors: Fuchs Christiane , Wang Ying , Wise Emma , Farinelli William A. , Anderson R. Rox , Cho Sunghun , Meyerle Jon H. , Tam Joshua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor patients with lower limb amputations, prostheses are immensely helpful for mobility and the ability to perform job‐related or recreational activities. However, the skin covering the amputation stump is typically transposed from adjacent areas of the leg and lacks the weight‐bearing capacity that is only found in the specialized skin covering the palms and soles (a.k.a. volar skin). As a result, the skin tissue in direct contact with the prosthesis frequently breaks down, leading to the development of painful sores and other complications that limit, and often preclude, the use of prostheses. Transplanting volar skin onto amputation stumps could be a solution to these problems, but traditional skin transplantation techniques cause substantial morbidity at the donor site, such as pain and scarring, which are especially problematic for volar skin given the critical functional importance of the volar skin areas. We previously developed the technology to collect and engraft full‐thickness skin tissue while avoiding long‐term donor site morbidity, by harvesting the skin in the form of small (~0.5 mm diameter) cores that we termed “micro skin tissue columns” (MSTCs), so that each donor wound is small enough to heal quickly and without clinically appreciable scarring or other long‐term abnormalities. The goal of this study was to establish whether a similar approach could be used to confer the structural and molecular characteristics of volar skin ectopically to other skin areas. In a human‐to‐mouse xenograft model, we show the long‐term persistence of various human plantar MSTC‐derived cell types in the murine recipient. Then in an autologous porcine model, we harvested MSTCs from the bottom of the foot and transplanted them onto excision wounds on the animals' trunks. The healing processes at both the donor and graft sites were monitored over 8 weeks, and tissue samples were taken to verify volar‐specific characteristics by histology and immunohistochemistry. The volar donor sites were well‐tolerated, healed rapidly, and showed no signs of scarring or any other long‐term defects. The graft sites were able to maintain volar‐specific histologic features and expression of characteristics protein markers, up to the 8‐week duration of this study. These results suggest that MSTC grafting could be a practical approach to obtain autologous donor volar skin tissue, confer volar skin characteristics ectopically to nonvolar skin areas, improve the load‐bearing capacity of amputation stump skin, and ultimately enhance mobility and quality‐of‐life for lower limb amputees.
Supporting Mental Health Well-Being in the Most Vulnerable Future Nurses
Authors: Stubin Catherine A. , Dahan Thomas A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

AIM
The aim of the study was to explore relationships between perceived faculty support and prevalence of severe/extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress levels among undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students.

BACKGROUND
Emerging research supports nursing students suffering from extreme psychological distress. Educational success and mental health wellness are influenced by external support.

METHOD
A mixed-methods design was used for this descriptive, cross-sectional study. A national convenience sample of 1,163 undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, Perceived Faculty Support Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. Emerging themes in the qualitative data were identified.

RESULTS
Nearly 54 percent of nursing students suffered from severe/extremely severe depression, anxiety, or stress. Faculty support was critical to nursing student mental health well-being.

CONCLUSION
This multisite study provides a better understanding of the enormity of psychological distress among undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students and emphasizes the immediate need for faculty to provide necessary support to this vulnerable student population.
Trauma Prevalence and Its Association With Health-related Quality of Life in Pregnant Persons With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Winhusen T. John , Kropp Frankie , Greenfield Shelly F. , Krans Elizabeth E. , Lewis Daniel , Martin Peter R. , Gordon Adam J. , Davies Todd H. , Wachman Elisha M. , Douaihy Antoine , Parker Kea , Xin Xie , Jalali Ali , Lofwall Michelle R. 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
Trauma screening is recommended for pregnant persons with opioid use disorder (OUD), but there is limited literature on screening results from buprenorphine treatment. This study’s objectives were to 1) describe the types, and severity, of traumatic events reported and 2) evaluate the associations between trauma and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods
Baseline data from an ongoing trial were analyzed. Participants were 155 pregnant persons with OUD receiving, or enrolling in, buprenorphine treatment at one of 13 sites. The experience, and relative severity, of 14 high magnitude stressors were assessed with the trauma history screen. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29+2 was used to assess 8 HRQoL domains.

Results
Traumatic stressors were reported by 91% of the sample (n = 155), with 54.8% reporting a lifetime persisting posttraumatic distress (PPD) event and 29.7% reporting a childhood PPD event. The most prevalent lifetime PPD event was sudden death of a close family/friend (25.8%); physical abuse was the most prevalent childhood PPD event (10.3%). Participants with lifetime PPD, relative to no PPD, reported significantly greater pain interference (P = 0.02). Participants with childhood PPD, relative to no PPD, had significantly worse HRQoL overall (P = 0.01), and worse pain intensity (P = 0.002), anxiety (P = 0.003), depression (P = 0.007), fatigue (P = 0.002), and pain interference (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
A majority of pregnant persons enrolled/enrolling in buprenorphine treatment reported persisting posttraumatic distress with sudden death of close family/friend being the most prevalent originating event; clinicians should consider the impact that the opioid-overdose epidemic may be having in increasing trauma exposure in patients with OUD.
Pulling Back the Curtain: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Medical Spas in Missouri
Authors: Ferrante Amanda M. , Malik Ali M. , Council M. Laurin , Michalski-McNeely Basia M. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
There is very little legislation defining the degree of supervision and training required to perform cosmetic procedures in Missouri. The medical spa industry, particularly the volume and complexity of cosmetic procedures offered by medical spas, has seen significant growth in recent years.

OBJECTIVE
To better understand the medical spa workforce, depth, and breadth of aesthetic procedures offered by medical spas in Missouri.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cross-sectional study based on standardized telephone interviews, supplemented by website data. Survey responses were recorded, streamlined, and analyzed.

RESULTS
Although 94.59% of medical spas in Missouri are affiliated with a physician, only 22.52% of medical spas have a physician on-site for administration of cosmetic treatments. Nonphysician staff members who administer cosmetic services generally outnumber physician affiliates at Missouri medical spas, with the average ratio of nonphysician staff who administer cosmetic services to MD/DO affiliates per spa being 2.1:1.

CONCLUSION
There is significant variability in the level of training and supervision of medical spa staff performing cosmetic treatments in Missouri. As the medical spa industry continues to grow and high-risk cosmetic procedures become more commonplace, consistent statewide regulation of medical spas is needed to prevent harmful patient outcomes.
Return to Driving Following Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A TBI Model System Longitudinal Investigation
Authors: Novack Thomas A. , Zhang Yue , Kennedy Richard , Marwitz Jennifer , Rapport Lisa J. , Mahoney Elaine , Bergquist Thomas , Bombardier Charles , Tefertiller Candy , Walker William , Watanabe Thomas K. , Brunner Robert 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To examine longitudinal patterns of return to driving (RTD), driving habits, and crash rates associated with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting:
Eight TBI Model System sites.

Participants:
Adults (N = 334) with TBI that required inpatient acute rehabilitation with follow-up of 197 and 218 at 1 and 2 years post-injury, respectively. Data collection at 2 years occurred almost exclusively during the pandemic, which may have affected results.

Design:
Longitudinal and observational.

Main Measures:
Driving survey completed during rehabilitation and at phone follow-up 1 and 2 years after injury.

Results:
The rate of RTD was 65% at 1-year follow-up and 70% at 2-year follow-up. RTD at both follow-up time points was positively associated with family income. The frequency of driving and distance driven were diminished compared to before injury. Limitation of challenging driving situations (heavy traffic, bad weather, and at night) was reported at higher rates post-injury than before injury. Crash rates were 14.9% in the year prior to injury (excluding crashes that resulted in TBI), 9.9% in the first year post-injury, and 6% during the second year.

Conclusion:
RTD is common after TBI, although driving may be limited in terms of frequency, distance driven, and avoiding challenging situations compared to before injury. Incidence of crashes is higher than population-based statistics; however, those who sustain TBI may be at higher risk even prior to injury. Future work is needed to better identify characteristics that influence the likelihood of crashes post-TBI.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF TWO COMMONLY USED MYDRIATICS ON THE MACULAR AND PERIPAPILLARY MICROVASCULAR SYSTEMS OF HEALTHY CHILDREN
Authors: Seyyar Sevim Ayca , Gürbostan Soysal Gizem , Balyemez Burçak 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the effects of pupil dilation caused by topical applications of 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide on retinal microvascularization using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods:
Healthy children were included in this prospective observational study. Baseline OCTA measurements were taken for all children before dilatation. Then they were randomly divided into two groups, the tropicamide group given 0.5% tropicamide solution and the phenylephrine group given 2.5% phenylephrine solution. After dilation, OCTA images were taken for the second time from all children.

Results:
The effect of dilation using two different mydriatic agents caused a decrease in mean radial peripapillary capillary density (RPC-VD) and superior RPC-VD (P = 0.008 and P = 0.001). Remarkably, this reduction because of dilatation was also determined to be caused by the combined effect of both mydriatic agents (P = 0.016 and P = 0.013). Although phenylephrine showed a slightly greater decrease than tropicamide, the effects of the two mydriatic drugs were not superior to each other (P = 0.166 and P = 0.167).

Conclusion:
Dilation with 2.5% phenylephrine or 0.5% tropicamide significantly decreased mean RPC-VD and superior RPC-VD. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the two mydriatic agents, phenylephrine caused a greater reduction than tropicamide. This effect of dilation and phenylephrine on VD should be considered in studies using OCTA and focusing on peripapillary areas.
The Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Radiographic-Confirmed Community–acquired Pneumonia Among Chinese Children: A Retrospective Hospital-based Study
Authors: Li Yudan , Liu Changpeng , Shi Ting , Sheng Mao , Chen Qinghui , Zhu Jun , He Na , Zhao Genming , Tian Jianmei , Zhang Tao 
Published: August 2024

Background:
To help understand the disease burden of vaccine-preventable bacterial disease, we delineated the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of radiographic-confirmed community–acquired pneumonia (CXR-CAP) among Chinese children.

Methods:
We retrospectively screened the electronic database of the hospital information system to identify all pediatric CAP cases admitted to the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University between 2010 and 2014. Radiographic findings and clinical data were extracted from the medical charts through individual chart reviews. CXR-CAP cases were defined as the presence of consolidation or pleural effusion noted on chest radiograph reports. We employed a multivariate logistic regression model to identify the potential risk factors associated with CXR-CAP.

Results:
Among the 27,485 hospitalized CAP cases with radiologic data, 6322 (23.00%) were identified as CXR-CAP cases, while 21,163 (77.00%) were categorized as non-CXR-CAP cases. Children with CXR-CAP were notably older than those without CXR-CAP (non-CXR-CAP; χ2 = 1313.22; P < 0.01). CXR-CAP cases exhibited a higher rate of intensive care unit admission (3.55% vs. 1.94%; P < 0.01), extended hospital stays (73.87% vs. 63.79%; P < 0.01) and increased mortality rates (0.19% vs. 0.04%; P < 0.01). The factors associated with CXR-CAP included age (>12 months), season (summer and autumn), fever, abnormal breath sounds, C-reactive protein (>8 mg/L) and alanine transaminase (>40 U/L).

Conclusions:
CXR-CAP cases consisted of a substantial proportion of hospitalized patients with CAP and had more severe clinical manifestations than in-patients without CXR-CAP among Chinese children.
Investigating sex, race, and geographic disparities in bronchus and lung cancer mortality in the United States: a comprehensive longitudinal study (1999–2020) utilizing CDC WONDER data
Authors: Alim Ur Rahman Hafsah , Ahmed Ali Fahim Muhammad , Salman Afia , Kumar Sateesh , Raja Adarsh , Raja Sandesh , Advani Damni , Devendar Raja , Khanal Anuva 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Lung and bronchus cancer has become the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Understanding the patterns of mortality is an absolute requirement.

Methods:
This study analyzed Lung and Bronchus cancer-associated mortality rates from 1999 to 2020 using death certificate data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER). Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs), per 100 000 people, and annual percentage change (APCs) were also calculated.

Results:
3 599 577 lung and bronchus cancer-related deaths occurred in patients aged younger than 1–85+ years between 1999 and 2020. Overall AAMRs declined from 59.1 in 1999 to 58.9 in 2001 (APC: −0.1364) then to 55.9 in 2005 (APC: −1.4388*) 50.5 by 2010 (APC: −2.0574*) 44.7 by 2014 (APC: −2.9497*) and 35.1 by 2020 (APC: −4.1040*). Men had higher AAMRs than women (overall AAMR men: 61.7 vs. women: 38.3). AAMRs were highest among non-Hispanic (NH) Black or African American (52.7) patients followed by NH White (51.8), NH American Indian or Alaska Native (38.6), NH Asian or Pacific Islander (24.7) and Hispanic or Latino race (20.2). AAMRs varied in region (overall AAMR; South: 52.4; Midwest: 52.3; Northeast: 46.3; West: 39.1). Non-metropolitan areas had a higher AAMR (55.9) as compared to metropolitan areas (46.7). The top 90th percentile states of Lung and Bronchus cancer AAMR were Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee, and West Virginia.

Conclusion:
An overall decreasing trend in AAMRs for lung and bronchus cancer was seen. Public health measures to regulate risk factors and precipitating events are needed.