bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Performance Energy Harvesting and Continuous Output Using nylon-11/BaTiO₃-PVDF Triboelectric Nanogenerators with Strong Dielectric Properties
Authors: Xiong Dien , Yang Zhuanqing , Nurulazlina Binti Ramli , Gilbert Thio Tzer Hwai , Yuan Jiang , Zhang Lin , Qin Qichu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Among various emerging energy technologies, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered significant attention due to their ability to convert environmental mechanical energy into electrical energy through triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction. The energy converted by TENGs can power microelectronic devices. This paper proposes a high-performance TENG enhanced with BaTiO₃nanowires(BTONWs). Using electrospinning technology, BTONWs were mixed with PVDF to fabricate a TENG with high flexibility and efficient energy conversion in a porous structure. BaTiO₃ and PVDF all exhibited piezoelectric and triboelectric properties, maximizing the conversion of pressure into electrical energy output. This integration effectively enhanced conversion power and provides continuous energy supply. Experimental results show that the fabricated TENG achieved a current and voltage of 11 µA and 175 V, respectively, with a maximum power density of 0.648 mW at a load resistance of 90 MΩ. Additionally, the performance of the TENG was tested using a calculator, a timer, and LED lights. By connecting to a simple external circuit and continuously tapping the TENG, the devices functioned normally, demonstrating that the TENG can continuously and stably output electrical energy by continuously collecting mechanical energy to power micro-generators. This makes a significant contribution to the development of energy harvesting, wearable devices, and micro-power sources.
NaCl Induced High Temperature Corrosion of Alloy 625 Fabricated by Laser Metal Deposition – Powder
Authors: Curnis Agathe , Popa Ioana , Prillieux Aurélien , Brossard Jean-Michel , Chevalier Sébastien 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The present study describes the corrosion behavior of alloy 625 fabricated by Laser Metal Deposition-powder in the presence of a solid NaCl deposit in laboratory air at 650 and 800°C. The results showed that at both temperatures, the presence of the deposit had a catastrophic effect on the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The active corrosion mechanism resulted in a very thick and non-protective oxide scale and in a highly damaged metal zone beneath the oxide scale. Although the mechanism involved was the active corrosion mechanism at both 650 and 800°C, differences were observed between these two temperatures. At 800°C, the corrosion products were thicker, and the substrate was significantly more damaged, especially due to the formation of an interconnected network of voids. At 650°C, the thick and continuous Cr2O3 layer, predominantly observed at 800°C, was not present. The use of thermodynamic data helped to suggest possible explanations for the observed differences. Overall, the increase of temperature accelerated the degradation of the alloy and it was enhanced by a radical change of the main reactions of the active corrosion mechanism between 650 and 800°C.
Sustainable synthesis of MFI zeolite and derived metal-acid bifunctional catalysts for hydroisomerization of n-heptane
Authors: Zhu Mengxuan , Xu Wenqi , Wang Longyang , Wang Rui , Jiang Heng , Jin Changzi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Developing sustainable synthesis method of versatile zeolites to overcome the shortcoming of traditional process is of significant for development of green chemistry and environmentally friendly techniques. In this work, MFI zeolite (ZSM-5) was synthesized through organotemplate-, solvent- and seed-free quasi-solid state transformation with commercial silica gel or Stöber colloidal SiO2 as silica source. The key influencing factors to this sustainable synthesis process, such as starting material composition, crystallization temperature and time, had been unambiguously investigated by combining a series of characterization techniques and the optimized synthesis conditions had been obtained. In addition, this green synthesis method can be extended into the fabrication of encapsulated metal-zeolite bifunctional catalyst, which is effective in hydroisomerization of n-heptane. These results are instructive for development of sustainable synthesis of aluminosilicate zeolites and derived heterogeneous catalysts.
Investigation of effective parameters the performance of attached sunspace in reducing energy consumption in a residential building: A study in Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Abedini Mohammad Hassan , Sarkardehi Elham , sabzevar Hadi Bagheri 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The global energy crisis necessitates enhancing energy independence for regions and countries by advancing the utilization of renewable energy sources. Solar energy, in particular, offers a sustainable approach to reducing energy consumption in buildings. Solar greenhouses, also known as sunspaces, are crucial passive solar systems in construction that significantly lower the energy demand for air conditioning. This study aims to thermally analyze the performance of a solar greenhouse attached to a residential building. Using DesignBuilder (version 6.1) for simulation, a comprehensive parametric analysis was conducted to evaluate various factors, including depth, glass type, thermal mass, and form, to determine their impact on the overall performance of the integrated solar greenhouse. The findings reveal that a residential building without a solar greenhouse consumes 2968.6 kWh annually for heating and 1809.6 kWh for cooling. Incorporating a basic solar greenhouse (2 m depth, double-glazing glass with argon gas, and 20 cm of thermal mass) results in energy savings of 22.9% for heating and 15.6% for cooling. Furthermore, by simulating various influential parameters, the optimal configuration for the solar greenhouse was identified.
Predicted Net Effects of Drug-Gene Interactions on Levels of Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol
Authors: Wright Jessica A. , Huang Linda , Katamesh Basant E. , Yadav Siddhant , Singla Abhinav , Vincent Ann 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Circulating levels of THC and CBD may be altered when administered with medications that strongly or moderately inhibit or induce CYP450 enzymes responsible for metabolizing both substances. THC and CBD levels can also theoretically be altered in individuals who carry germline genetic variants or atypical phenotypes of CYP450 enzymes. In individuals where drug and gene interactions occur together, there could be a heightened impact on the circulating levels of THC and CBD.
Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review using a database of participants who previously completed pharmacogenomic testing and reported oral cannabis use in a medical encounter. Two pharmacogenomic-trained pharmacists reviewed medications and atypical variants in each participant to characterize the predicted effect of cannabis-drug, cannabis-gene, and cannabis-drug-gene interactions on circulating levels of THC and CBD.
Results:
Oral cannabis use was confirmed in 71 participants, with an average age of 68.5 years and primarily White women. Regarding THC metabolism, drug-only interactions were noted in 1 participant; both drug and gene interactions were noted in 4 participants; single- or combination-gene-only interactions were noted in 38 participants; and 28 participants had no interactions. Concerning CBD metabolism, drug-only interactions were noted in 4 participants; both drug and gene interactions were noted in 4 participants; single- or combination-gene-only interactions were noted in 36 participants; and 27 participants had no interactions.
Conclusion:
This study is the first, to our knowledge, to conceptualize the potential impact of drugs and atypical phenotypes on altering circulating levels of THC and CBD in a clinical sample. The absence of published clinical outcomes in this field renders it challenging to estimate clinical significance of these findings. Until such data become available, leveraging the theoretical insights into drug interactions and atypical cannabis metabolism described in our study may serve as a tool to guide clinical care.
Effect of Magnetic treatment technology on the (workability and compressive strength) of High- Strength Concrete
Authors: Al-mashhadie Samer A , Raheem Hind 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The magnetic technique is considered one of the methods that improve the mechanical properties of concrete, either by using magnetic water to mix concrete mixture or by magnetizing mix itself. In this research, the effect of a magnetic field on features of high-strength concrete (workability and compressive strength) was studied. Two mixes were used, both with 70MPa but one with ordinary lab water and the other with magnetic water. Both of these mixes were exposed to the magnetic field bay passing them through three devices that had different magnetic units three, four, and five, each unit with 3000 Gauss intensity. When the magnetic water was used instead of ordinary water, the slump test value was raised to 19% from the reference mix. When the mixes are exposed to a magnetic field, there is no increment in a slump. Compressive strength was raised to 7% when using the tube with five magnetic units to mix without magnetic water.
Investigating the Molecular Profile of Thyroid Cancer: COL13A1 and COL23A1 as Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: Islam Md. Wahidul , Rahman Md. Minhajur , Naznin Homaira , Akter Tahmina , Shatabde Zayeda Akter , Hossain Md. Jubayer , Hossain Md. Shohel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Thyroid cancer, the most prevalent endocrine malignancy globally, poses challenges owing to the limited understanding of its molecular drivers. Previous research has highlighted collagen genes, such as COL13A1 and COL23A1 as key players in thyroid cancer. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate gene expression, genetic alterations, DNA methylation, and prognostic significance of COL13A1 and COL23A1. This study utilized a multi-omics strategy using TCGA database, including TIMER 2.0, GEPIA2, UALCAN, HPA, cBioPortal, STRING, Enrichr, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Our results showed distinct expression patterns for COL13A1 and COL23A1. COL13A1 was significantly upregulated, while COL23A1 was downregulated in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. Expression levels vary according to sample type, tumor stage, and histology, with higher COL13A1 staining intensity and moderate COL23A1 staining in tumors. Both increased COL13A1 and decreased COL23A1 expression have been linked to poor prognosis. Promoter methylation levels also differ, showing higher COL13A1 and lower COL23A1 methylation in tumors. SGIP1 and SLC26A4 were identified as the most co-expressed genes. In consolidations, COL13A1 and COL23A1 have emerged as diagnostic and prognostic markers of thyroid cancer. Co-expression analysis suggests interactions between SGIP1 and SLC26A4, implicating diverse pathways in thyroid carcinogenesis and informing precision medicine strategies.
Within-Project and Cross-Project Defect Prediction Based on Model Averaging
Authors: li tong , wang zhong , shi peibei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Software defect prediction has an important impact on the national economy and financial service industry. Discovering defective modules in the early stage of software development has great significance. This paper proposes a within-project and cross-project defect prediction technology based on model averaging, which uses XGBoost and LightGBM algorithms in machine learning as candidate models and introduces model averaging theory to improve performance. First, two candidate models are used for probability prediction, and then each group is used as a test dataset to evaluate the model by the cross-validation method. Then, the model weight is determined by minimizing the sum of the squared prediction errors of all groups, and finally, the predicted probability of model averaging is obtained. Four typical public software defect datasets (NASA, AEEEM, ReLink, SoftLab) are used as test datasets, and the four indicators, precision, recall, F1 and AUC are used as evaluation criteria. For within-project defect prediction, compared with the XGBoost and LightGBM algorithms, the prediction results of the model averaging method on the four datasets are slightly better than the XGBoost and LightGBM algorithms, which also corresponds with the ensemble learning idea of model averaging theory. Compared with the six traditional machine learning algorithms, the model average prediction method performed best on most of the data. For cross-project defect prediction, compared with the four benchmark methods, the model averaging method performs better overall. The experimental results show that the model averaging prediction method achieves good prediction results in both the within-project and cross-project defect scenarios.
A Viscoelastic-Plastic Model for the Core of Various Close- Packings of Multifilament Polyamide-6 Yarns
Authors: Razbin Milad , Salehian Mortaza , Gharehaghaji Ali Akbar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The number of fibers in the cross-section of a yarn determines its physical and mechanical properties. Among the parameters that affect fiber placement (packing) in the yarn core structure, the number of fibers, the number of twists, and variations in fiber length in various layers of yarn during the fabrication process are of prime importance. Theoretically, yarn formation is associated with two different packings: open-packing and close-packing with a single fiber in the core. The packing of fibers has been modeled using various approaches, including analytical, finite element, and experimental methods. In this study, an analytical approach combining theoretical methods and artificial neural networks (ANNs) is proposed to predict the tensile behavior of yarns with different numbers of fibers in the core regions (ranging from 2 to 5 fibers). The novelty of this method lies in its ability to predict the time-dependent stress-strain curve of multifilament yarns composed of monofilaments with circular cross-sections. The proposed method extends beyond the linear region, incorporating both structural and material properties. It leverages the strong mapping capabilities of ANNs rather than relying solely on elastic models. Validation of the method showed excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical values. Numerical simulation indicated results consistent with the theoretical ones, proving the model's precision in predicting the tensile behavior of multifilament yarns. This modeling procedure has the potential to revolutionize the approach to modeling textile structures.
Assessing the Impact of Backpack Design on Hikers Lumbar Extension and Centre of Pressure
Authors: Grigg Timothy , Kabaliuk Natalia , Walter Sibi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:Heavy backpacks are carried by hikers for prolonged walking periods. Backpack designs impact a hiker’s biomechanics.
Methods:We assessed the impact of different backpacks on lumbar extension (LE) and centre of pressure (COP) among hikers. Regular hikers (n=8; age = 23.4±1.9, years; weight = 85.1±7.9, kgs; height = 185.3±3.8, cm) who met the eligibility criteria attended testing sessions to test a traditional backpack (TBP) and a balance backpack (BBP), against a no backpack control (NBP) on three different gradient conditions (flat, 0°; incline, 12°; decline, -12°). Walking tests (1.1m/s) were performed on a force plate-embedded treadmill with a surrounding marker-based motion capture system. Multiple separate two-way ANOVA tests assessed the backpack effect on LE and COP.
Results: Dunnett’s multiple comparison Post Hoc test revealed significant variance (p < 0.05) for TBP and an insignificant variance for BBP for LE values. A consistent degree of forward trunk lean across all conditions was observed, with a pronounced LE observed when using the TBP. Insignificant variance in the hiker’s COP between the NBP and BBP across all gradients was observed.
Conclusions: This suggests that hikers using a BBP might find their walking posture quite like their normal gait kinematics in comparison to using a TBP.
Occlusion-aware Multi-scale Attention Consistency Network for Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: Xia Haiying , Li Fengwei , Tan Yumei , Song Shuxiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Facial expression recognition (FER) faces difficult challenges in real-world scenarios, especially with occlusion and pose changes. Previous approaches typically utilize face key points to improve FER performance. However, face key point detection can be inaccurate, especially in the presence of occlusions and pose variations, and manually labeling face key points is a complex and time-consuming task. To address this issue, we introduce a simple and efficient Occlusion-aware Multi-scale Attention Consistency Network (OMAC-Net), which can capture global and local fine-grained facial expression representations. The proposed OMAC-Net consists of a Low-level Feature Random Destruction (LFRD) module and a Multi-scale Attention Consistency Constraint (MACC). Specifically, LFRD is used to obtain rich local fine-grained information and retain important patch edge information and correlation information between patches. Then MACC further constrains the model's attention, enabling the model to focus on discriminative features. The experimental results on three in-the-wild FER convincingly demonstrate the superiority of OMAC-Net compared to state-of-the-art methods. Our code and models will be available at this https https://github.com/lfw147/OMC.
Cryo-EM structure of native honey bee vitellogenin
Authors: Luecke Hartmut , Montserrat-Canals Mateu , Schnelle Kilian , Moeller Arne , Amdam Gro , Halskau Øyvind , Leipart Vilde , Cunha Eva S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Vitellogenin (Vg) is the main yolk precursor lipoprotein in almost all egg-laying animals. In addition, along its evolutionary history, Vg has developed a range of new functions in different taxa. In the honey bee, Vg has functions related to immunity, antioxidant protection, social behavior and longevity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Vg functionalities are still poorly understood. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of full-length honey bee Vg, onestep purified directly from hemolymph. The structure provides structural insights into the overall domain architecture, including the lipid binding cavity and the previously uncharacterized von Willebrand factor type D domain. A domain of unknown function has been identified as a C-terminal cystine knot domain based on structural homology. Information about post-translational modifications, cleavage products, metal and lipid binding allow an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying the range of Vg functionalities. The findings have numerous implications for the structure-function relationship of vitellogenins of other species as well as members of the same protein superfamily, which share the same structural elements.
Probing the Subtle Differences between Promethium and Curium
Authors: White Frankie , Vogt Trenton , Simms Megan , Parker Connor , Miller April , Delmau Laetitia , Mayes Richard , Schrell Samantha , Gaiser Alyssa , Celis-Barros Cristian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Curium (244Cm) from the plutonium (238Pu) waste stream at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is coextracted with promethium (147Pm) because of similar chemical and physical properties. To gain insight for improving this separation, their fundamental properties are experimentally and computationally probed in a 2,2’:6’,2”-terpyridine crystal system. Analysis of the isostructural compounds via single crystal X-ray diffraction and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) revealed that although promethium (147Pm) and 244Cm share the same predicted VI-coordinate ionic radius, they have minute structural differences. Although the differences between Pm and Cm are subtle in this crystal system, insights for potentially optimizing the separation between 147Pm and 244Cm are gained. Furthermore, this study develops the chemistries of two rare elements in the solid state and experimentally portrays promethium’s often omitted position within the lanthanide series.
Interpretable single-cell factor decomposition using sciRED
Authors: Bader Gary , Pouyabahar Delaram , Andrews Tallulah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) maps gene expression heterogeneity within a tissue. However, identifying biological signals in this data is challenging due to confounding technical factors, sparsity, and high dimensionality. Data factorization methods address this by separating and identifying signals in the data, such as gene expression programs, but the resulting factors must be manually interpreted. We developed Single-Cell Interpretable Residual Decomposition (sciRED) to improve the interpretation of scRNA-seq factor analysis. sciRED removes known confounding effects, uses rotations to improve factor interpretability, maps factors to known covariates, identifies unexplained factors that may capture hidden biological phenomena, and determines the genes and biological processes represented by the resulting factors. We apply sciRED to multiple scRNA-seq datasets and identify sex-specific variation in a kidney map, discern strong and weak immune stimulation signals in a PBMC dataset, reduce ambient RNA contamination in a rat liver atlas to help identify strain variation, and reveal rare cell type signatures and anatomical zonation gene programs in a healthy human liver map. These demonstrate that sciRED is useful in characterizing diverse biological signals within scRNA-seq data.
The ROS-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase/RBOH is a Ca2+ channel regulated by protons in the eukaryotic kingdom
Authors: Liu Liangyu , Yang Zijian , Chen Yangbo , Song Chunhui , Feng Changxin , Li Changyuan , Liu Shuo , Yu Enjie , Tian Hao , Liu Zebin , Ye Zhangli , Guo Wei , Gao Lei , Sun Yujia , Kong Dongdong , Hou Congcong , Li Legong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

NADPH oxidase (NOX) is crucial for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during developmental processes and stress responses across plants, animals and fungi. The interdependence of ROS and Ca2+ signals in various cellular signaling pathways is well-established, but the specific calcium channel that collaborates with NADPH oxidase to generate Ca2+-ROS co-coupling signals remains unidentified. In this study, we demonstrate that eukaryotic NOXs, such as Arabidopsis RBOHD/C/F, human NOX2 and yeast YNO1, function as calcium channels that directly mediate Ca2+ influx. Additionally, we reveal that these eukaryotic NOX family members act as non-selective cation channels, similar to human TRP family channels, capable of transporting monovalent and bivalent cations. Furthermore, RBOHD's calcium channel activity is activated by protons, and mutation of RBOHD results in significantly reduced physiological responses to low pH in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Overall, we have identified for the first time the conserved calcium channel activity of NADPH oxidases, such as plant RBOHs, and human and yeast NOXs across eukaryotic species. This discovery introduces a new paradigm for NADPH oxidase research.