bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food neophobia associates with lower dietary quality and higher BMI in Finnish adults
Authors: Knaapila Antti J , Sandell Mari A , Vaarno Jenni , Hoppu Ulla , Puolimatka Tuuli , Kaljonen Anne , Lagström Hanna 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveFood neophobia has been associated with decreased consumption of vegetables mainly among children. We hypothesized that food neophobia in adults is also associated with lower overall dietary quality and higher BMI.DesignData for the present cross-sectional analyses were derived from parents in a follow-up family study.SettingThe STEPS study, a longitudinal study of health and development of a cohort of children born in south-west Finland.SubjectsThe parents, 1178 women (age 19–45 years, mean 32·2 years) and 1013 men (age 18–57 years, mean 34·1 years), completed a questionnaire at home when their child was 13 months old. The questionnaire included the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS; range 10–70), the Index of Diet Quality (IDQ; range 0–16) and a measure of fruit and vegetable consumption. At that time the participants’ height and weight were also measured by a research nurse to calculate BMI.ResultsCompared with the food neophilics (FNS score 10–24), the food neophobics (FNS score 40–70) consumed fewer vegetables (women: 15 v. 10 portions/week; men: 13 v. 7 portions/week), scored lower on the IDQ (women: 9·7 v. 8·5; men: 8·8 v. 7·8) and had higher BMI (women: 24·2 v. 26·0 kg/m2; men: 26·5 v. 27·5 kg/m2) as tested by one-way ANOVA, with all P values <0·001 in women and <0·05 in men. The food neophobics followed a diet lower in nutritional quality than did the food neophilics, especially regarding vegetables.ConclusionsFood neophobia may complicate adaptation to dietary recommendations and predispose to overweight.
In Situ TEM Imaging of Defect Dynamics under Electrical Bias in Resistive Switching Rutile-TiO2
Authors: Kamaladasa Ranga J. , Sharma Abhishek A. , Lai Yu-Ting , Chen Wenhao , Salvador Paul A. , Bain James A. , Skowronski Marek , Picard Yoosuf N. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this study, in situ electrical biasing was combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to study the formation and evolution of Wadsley defects and Magnéli phases during electrical biasing and resistive switching in titanium dioxide (TiO2). Resistive switching devices were fabricated from single-crystal rutile TiO2 substrates through focused ion beam milling and lift-out techniques. Defect evolution and phase transformations in rutile TiO2 were monitored by diffraction contrast imaging inside the TEM during electrical biasing. Reversible bipolar resistive switching behavior was observed in these single-crystal TiO2 devices. Biased induced reduction reactions created increased oxygen vacancy concentrations to such an extent that shear faults (Wadsley defects) and oxygen-deficient phases (Magnéli phases) formed over large volumes within the TiO2 TEM specimen. Nevertheless, the observed reversible formation/dissociation of Wadsley defects does not appear to correlate to resistive switching phenomena at these length scales. These defect zones were found to reversibly reconfigure in a manner consistent with charged oxygen vacancy migration responding to the applied bias polarity.
Circumbinary habitability niches
Authors: Mason Paul A. , Zuluaga Jorge I. , Cuartas-Restrepo Pablo A. , Clark Joni M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBinaries could provide the best niches for life in the Galaxy. Although counterintuitive, this assertion follows directly from stellar tidal interaction theory and the evolution of lower mass stars. There is strong evidence that chromospheric activity of rapidly rotating young stars may be high enough to cause mass loss from atmospheres of potentially habitable planets. The removal of atmospheric water is most critical. Tidal breaking in binaries could help reduce magnetic dynamo action and thereby chromospheric activity in favour of life. We call this the Binary Habitability Mechanism (BHM) that we suggest allows for water retention at levels comparable to or better than the Earth. We discuss novel advantages that life may exploit, in these cases, and suggest that life may even thrive on some circumbinary planets. We find that while many binaries do not benefit from BHM, high-quality niches do exist for various combinations of stars between 0.55 and 1.0 solar masses. For a given pair of stellar masses, BHM operates only for certain combinations of period and eccentricity. Binaries having a solar-type primary seem to be quite well-suited niches having wide and distant habitable zones with plentiful water and sufficient light for photosynthetic life. We speculate that, as a direct result of BHM, conditions may be suitable for life on several planets and possibly even moons of giant planets orbiting some binaries. Lower mass combinations, while more restrictive in parameter space, provide niches lasting many billions of years and are rich suppliers of photosynthetic photons. We provide a publicly available web-site (http://bit.ly/BHM-calculator or http://bit.ly/BHM-calculator-mirror), which calculates the BHM effects presented in this paper.
Attitudes Towards Same-Sex Marriage in Portugal: Predictors and Scale Validation
Authors: de Oliveira João Manuel , Lopes Diniz , Cameira Miguel , Nogueira Conceição 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe goal of the present research was to validate a Portuguese version of Pearl and Galupo’s (2007) Attitudes toward Same-Sex Marriage Scale (ATSM). Participants were 1,402 heterosexual men and women that completed an on-line questionnaire. The final 15-item scale formed a single factor showing high internal consistency (α = .95). This one factor structure was backed-up by a confirmatory factorial analysis. In a general way, the results indicate a clearly positive attitude toward same-sex marriage (overall mean was 63.79, SD = 12.66, above the scale mid-point, t(1401) = 55.55, p < .001). Furthermore, analysis of the scale’s predictors demonstrates how a left-wing orientation (β = .22, p < .001) and the level of denial of deservingness for lesbian/gay discrimination (β = .30, p < .001) prove to be the best predictors of attitudes towards same-sex marriage. On the whole, these results indicate that the Portuguese ATSM version is a reliable instrument for carrying out scientific research and measuring and monitoring public opinion on this subject.
Synaptic molecular imaging in spared and deprived columns of mouse barrel cortex with array tomography
Authors: Weiler Nicholas C , Collman Forrest , Vogelstein Joshua T , Burns Randal , Smith Stephen J 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA major question in neuroscience is how diverse subsets of synaptic connections in neural circuits are affected by experience dependent plasticity to form the basis for behavioral learning and memory. Differences in protein expression patterns at individual synapses could constitute a key to understanding both synaptic diversity and the effects of plasticity at different synapse populations. Our approach to this question leverages the immunohistochemical multiplexing capability of array tomography (ATomo) and the columnar organization of mouse barrel cortex to create a dataset comprising high resolution volumetric images of spared and deprived cortical whisker barrels stained for over a dozen synaptic molecules each. These dataset has been made available through the Open Connectome Project for interactive online viewing, and may also be downloaded for offline analysis using web, Matlab, and other interfaces.
Qualitätssicherung in der Sozialmedizinischen Begutachtung durch Peer Review – ein Pilotprojekt der Deutschen Rentenversicherung
Authors: Strahl A. , Gerlich C. , Wolf H.-D. , Gehrke J. , Müller-Garnn A. , Vogel H. 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Auf Initiative der Kommission zur Weiterentwicklung der Sozialmedizin in der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung wurde in den letzten Jahren ein Qualitätssicherungskonzept für die sozialmedizinische Begutachtung bei Anträgen auf Erwerbsminderungsrenten entwickelt, dem ein Peer Review-Verfahren zugrunde liegt. Die Qualitätsbewertung in diesem Verfahren vollzieht sich mithilfe eines hierarchisch aufgebauten Prüffragenkatalogs, der in diesem Pilotprojekt auf seine Güte hin evaluiert wurde.
Methoden: Datengrundlage bildeten 260 Erstgutachten zur Erwerbsminderungsrente von 12 teilnehmenden Rentenversicherungsträgern, zu denen insgesamt 771 Reviews von 19 Peers erstellt wurden. Zur Beurteilung der Reliabilität wurde in erster Linie Kendalls Konkordanzkoeffizient W herangezogen.
Ergebnisse: Für das Verfahren konnten je nach Prüffrage sehr heterogene Reliabilitätswerte identifiziert werden. Der Range für Kendells W erstreckte sich dabei von 0,09 bis 0,88. Das übergeordnete Kriterium, welches gleichzeitig das Hauptzielkriterium ist, erreicht einen Wert von 0,37.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Interrater-Reliabilität des Peer Reviews der sozialmedizinischen Begutachtung mithilfe des vorliegenden Manuals erweist sich im Kontext vergleichbarer Studienergebnisse aus anderen Peer Review-Kontexten als akzeptabel. Ansatzpunkte für eine Verbesserung können in einer systematischen Schulung und regelmäßigen Anwendertreffen der Peers gesehen werden.
Changes in the Profile of Volatiles of Canned Coconut Milk during Storage
Authors: Tinchan Patcharaporn , Lorjaroenphon Yaowapa , Cadwallader Keith R. , Chaiseri Siree 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe alteration of the profile of volatiles of canned coconut milk was monitored during storage at ambient temperature. Canned coconut milk was thermally processed (121 °C for 5 min), and then stored at ambient temperature (32 to 35 °C) for 6 mo. Volatile compounds were assessed monthly using direct solvent extraction (diethyl ether), followed by high‐vacuum distillation and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis. Six groups of compounds consisting of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, lactones, and others were identified. Two stages of major changes in profile of volatiles were observed. The 1st occurred after 2 mo as indicated by a high abundance of alcohols, acids, and lactones. The 2nd was observed after 5 mo and corresponded to a large increase in lactones, short‐chain free fatty acids, 3‐methyl‐2(5H)‐furanone, and phenol. Acetic and butyric acids observed after 5 mo could contribute to the potential of off‐odor development in the product as indicated by their high odor activity values. Lactones increased approximately 10‐fold. Identification of 3‐methyl‐2(5H)‐furanone indicated that Maillard reaction had occurred in conjunction with the development of a coconut, toffee‐like, and caramel odor.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for medically inoperable patients with clinical stage I non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Baodong , Liu Lei , Hu Mu , Qian Kun , Li Yuanbo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundA retrospective evaluation of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in medically inoperable patients with clinical stage I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsBetween 2008 and 2014, 29 medically inoperable patients with clinical stage I NSCLC underwent percutaneous RFA. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness.ResultsThere were 18 men and 11 women with a median age of 78.0 years (range 56–85), mean 76.0 years. No procedure‐related deaths occurred in any of the 33 ablation procedures. The mean follow‐up was 25 months. The incidence of local tumor progression was 21.0% at 25 months of median time to progression after the initial RFA. The mean overall survival (OS) was 57 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 44–70 months). The mean cancer‐specific survival CSS was 63 months (95% CI 50–75 months). OS was 90.5% ± 6.4% at one year, 76.4% ± 10.7% at two, and 65.5% ± 13.6% at three years. CSS was 95.2% ± 4.6% at one, 86.6% ± 9.3% at two, and 74.2% ± 13.9% at three years in all patients. The survival for stage IA and IB cancers were 87.5% and 92.3% at one, 87.5% and 73.4% at two, and 87.5% and 58.7% at three years, respectively. Survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.596), with mean survival times of 65 (95% CI: 51–79 months) and 55 months (95% CI: 38–71 months), respectively.ConclusionPercutaneous RFA is a safe, feasible, and effective procedure in medically inoperable clinical stage I NSCLC patients.
Promoting engagement in online courses: What strategies can we learn from three highly rated MOOCS
Authors: Hew Khe Foon 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlthough past research has sought to identify the factors of student engagement in traditional online courses, two questions remained largely unanswered with regard to Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): do the factors that could influence student engagement in traditional online courses also apply to online courses that are massive and open? What factors do students consider important in terms of their perceived ability to promote a satisfying or engaging online learning experience? This paper reports a case study of three top‐rated MOOCs in the disciplines of programming languages, literature, and arts & design in order to address these very questions. Using a mixed methods approach that combines participant observation with analysis of reflection data from 965 course participants, this paper seeks to understand the factors behind the popularity of these MOOCs. Five factors were found. These include the following, ranked in terms of importance: (1) problem‐centric learning with clear expositions, (2) instructor accessibility and passion, (3) active learning, (4) peer interaction, and (5) using helpful course resources. The specific design strategies pertaining to each factor are further discussed in this paper. These strategies can provide useful guidance for instructors and are a worthwhile subject for further experimental validation.
How was the activity? A visualization support for a case of location‐based learning design
Authors: Melero Javier , Hernández‐Leo Davinia , Sun Jing , Santos Patricia , Blat Josep 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOver the last few years, the use of mobile technologies has brought the formulation of location‐based learning approaches shaping new or enhanced educational activities. Involving teachers in the design of these activities is important because the designs need to be aligned with the requirements of the specific educational settings. Yet analysing the implementation of the activities with students is also critical, not only for assessment purposes but also for enabling the identification of learning design elements that should be revised and improved. This paper studies a case that applies visualizations to support students' self‐assessment and teachers' inquiry of a mobile learning design. The design is a gamified location‐based learning activity composed by geolocated questions and implemented with the “QuesTInSitu: The Game” mobile application. The activity was designed by seven teachers and enacted by 81 secondary education students organized in a total of 23 groups. Log files, gathered from “QuesTInSitu: The Game,” provided the data for the visualizations, which represented relevant aspects of the group activity enactment (both time used to answer questions and to reach the geographical zone of the questions, scores obtained per zone, etc). On the one hand, the visualizations were discussed with the teachers as a learning analytics tool potentially useful to consider when redesigning the activity, if needed. On the other hand, the study shows that the visualizations led students to make a better diagnosis of their own activity performance.
Exploring the relationships between learning styles, online participation, learning achievement and course satisfaction: An empirical study of a blended learning course
Authors: Cheng Gary , Chau Juliana 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was twofold: first, to explore the relationship between students' learning styles and their online participation in a blended learning course, and second, to investigate the relationships of students' online participation with their learning achievement and with course satisfaction. A total of 78 undergraduate students from a general education course called Digital Citizenship took part in the study. All the participants were required to participate in four different types of online activity: information access, interactive learning, networked learning and materials development. The study used the method of partial least squares to explore the relationships between different constructs. The results indicate that students' learning styles were significantly related to online participation and that online participation in networked learning and materials development was significantly related to their learning achievement and course satisfaction. This study highlights not only the crucial role of learning styles in online participation but also the importance of individual constructivism and social interaction for effective online learning.
Age‐Associated White Matter Lesions: The MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study
Authors: Wharton Stephen B. , Simpson Julie E. , Brayne Carol , Ince Paul G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCerebral white matter lesions (WML) are common in the aging brain and are associated with dementia and depression. They are associated with vascular risk factors and small vessel disease, suggesting an ischemic origin, but recent pathology studies suggest a more complex pathogenesis. Studies using samples from the population‐representative Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study neuropathology cohort used post‐mortem magnetic resonance imaging to identify WML for further study. Expression of hypoxia‐related molecules and other injury and protective cellular pathways in candidate immunohistochemical and gene expression microarray studies support a role for hypoxia/ischemia. However, these approaches also suggest that immune activation, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, altered cell metabolic pathways and glial cell injury contribute to pathogenesis. These abnormalities are not confined to WML, but are also found in apparently normal white matter in brains with lesions, suggesting a field effect of white matter abnormality within which lesions arise. WML are an active pathology with a complex pathogenesis that may potentially offer a number of primary and secondary intervention targets.
Novel roles of microglia
Authors: Nakanishi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPío del Río Hortega, the father of the study of microglia, referred to microglia with highly branched fine processes in the healthy brain as “resting microglia,” because he thought these cells were quiescent. After brain injury, these resting microglia change their morphology into an activated type, which have phagocytic activity at the sites of neuronal damage and inflammation. At present, approximately 90 years after the discovery of microglia, microglia in the healthy brains of live animals are found to be very active using a two‐photon scanning laser microscope, and are much more active than any other cells in the brain. Beyond their role as brain‐resident macrophages, many lines of evidence have shown that microglia have essential roles in the maturation and maintenance of neuronal circuits in the developing and adult brain through both the elimination and formation of dendritic spines through their processes. Furthermore, the length and structural complexity of highly branched fine processes are regulated by the microglial intrinsic circadian clock. Dysfunction of the dendritic spines and disturbances of the circadian clock system are widely accepted characteristic abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism. Therefore, the growing understanding of the movement and functions of microglial processes might aid in the development of novel pharmacological interventions against neuropsychiatric disorders, which are associated with synapse loss and aberrant neuronal connectivity.
A Survey on Data‐Driven Video Completion
Authors: Ilan S. , Shamir A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractImage completion techniques aim to complete selected regions of an image in a natural looking manner with little or no user interaction. Video Completion, the space–time equivalent of the image completion problem, inherits and extends both the difficulties and the solutions of the original 2D problem, but also imposes new ones—mainly temporal coherency and space complexity (videos contain significantly more information than images). Data‐driven approaches to completion have been established as a favoured choice, especially when large regions have to be filled. In this survey, we present the current state of the art in data‐driven video completion techniques. For unacquainted researchers, we aim to provide a broad yet easy to follow introduction to the subject (including an extensive review of the image completion foundations) and early guidance to the challenges ahead. For a versed reader, we offer a comprehensive review of the contemporary techniques, sectioned out by their approaches to key aspects of the problem.
Randomized controlled trial examining expectancy effects on the accuracy of weight measurement
Authors: Dutton G. R. , Fontaine K. R. , Alcorn A. S. , Dawson J. , Capers P. L. , Allison D. B. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBackgroundResearchers and participants' expectations can influence treatment response. Less is known about the effects of researchers' expectations on the accuracy of data collection in the context of a weight loss trial.MethodsStudent raters (N = 58; age = 20.1 ± 2.3 years) were recruited to weigh individuals who they thought were completing a 12‐month weight loss trial, although these ‘participants’ were actually standardized patients (SPs) playing these roles. Prior to data collection, student raters were provided information suggesting that the tested treatment had been effective. Each student rater received a list of 9–10 ‘participants’ to weigh. While the list identified each person as ‘treatment’ or ‘control’, this assignment was at random, which allowed us to examine the effects of non‐blinding and expectancy manipulation on weight measurement accuracy. We hypothesized that raters would record the weights of ‘treatment participants’ as lower than those of ‘control participants’.ResultsContrary to our hypothesis, raters recorded weights that were 0.293 kg heavier when weighing ‘treatment’ vs. ‘control’ SPs, although this difference was not significant (P = 0.175).ConclusionsThis pilot study found no evidence that manipulating expectancies about treatment efficacy or not blinding raters biased measurements. Future work should examine other biases which may be created by not blinding research staff who implement weight loss trials as well as the participants in those trials.