bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Polymeric Materials Based on Element-Blocks
Authors: Chujo Yoshiki , Tanaka Kazuo 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The concept and representative examples of “element-block polymers” are described. A structural unit consisting of various groups of elements is called an “element-block.” In this review, unique properties of “element-block polymers” composed of organoboron complexes, o-carboranes, and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes as typical examples of element blocks are illustrated. The design and synthesis of new element-blocks and development of methods forming higher-order structures for realizing the desired functions based on a bottom-up approach are explained.
General Education Modernization in Contemporary Russia: a Quest of Promising Solutions
Authors: Вяземский  , Vyazemskiy Evgeniy , Болотина  , Bolotina Tatyana 
Published: May 2015

The article addresses issues Russian general education development strategy in conditions of contemporary informational society and challenges of
globalization. It discusses ways to react on these challenges in general education system. Academic and competency models of general education are
compared. Approaches to general education system modernization are formulated.
Chondroprotective effects of Salubrinal in a mouse model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Hamamura K. , Nishimura A. , Iino T. , Takigawa S. , Sudo A. , Yokota H. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives Salubrinal is a synthetic agent that elevates phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) and alleviates stress to the endoplasmic reticulum. Previously, we reported that in chondrocytes, Salubrinal attenuates expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) through downregulating nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signalling. We herein examine whether Salubrinal prevents the degradation of articular cartilage in a mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods OA was surgically induced in the left knee of female mice. Animal groups included age-matched sham control, OA placebo, and OA treated with Salubrinal or Guanabenz. Three weeks after the induction of OA, immunoblotting was performed for NFκB p65 and p-NFκB p65. At three and six weeks, the femora and tibiae were isolated and the sagittal sections were stained with Safranin O. Results Salubrinal suppressed the progression of OA by downregulating p-NFκB p65 and MMP13. Although Guanabenz elevates the phosphorylation level of eIF2α, it did not suppress the progression of OA. Conclusions Administration of Salubrinal has chondroprotective effects in arthritic joints. Salubrinal can be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for alleviating symptoms of OA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:84–92
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Concentrations below the Limit of Detection to Exclude Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Evaluation
Authors: Body Richard , Burrows Gillian , Carley Simon , Cullen Louise , Than Martin , Jaffe Allan S , Lewis Philip S 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Initial reports suggest that concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) (Roche Diagnostics Elecsys®) below the limit of blank (LoB) (3 ng/L) or limit of detection (LoD) (5 ng/L) of the assay have almost 100% negative predictive value (NPV) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), particularly among patients without electrocardiograph (ECG) evidence of ischemia. We aimed to prospectively validate those findings.

METHODS
We included adults presenting to the emergency department with suspected cardiac chest pain. Standard troponin T (cTnT) and hs-cTnT (both Roche Elecsys) were tested in samples drawn on arrival. The primary outcome was AMI, adjudicated by 2 investigators on the basis of clinical data and ≥12-h cTnT testing. We also evaluated diagnostic performance when AMI was readjudicated on the basis of hs-cTnT (≥12-h) concentrations.

RESULTS
Of 463 patients included, 79 (17.1%) had AMI. Twenty-four patients (5.2%) had hs-cTnT concentrations below the LoB, although none had AMI. Ninety-six patients (20.7%) had hs-cTnT concentrations below the LoD, 1 of whom had AMI. Thus, diagnostic sensitivity was 98.7% (95% CI 87.5%–98.6%) and NPV was 99.0% (95% CI 94.3%–100.0%). Of the 17.3% (n = 80) patients with hs-cTnT below the LoD and no ECG ischemia, none had AMI. Thus, diagnostic sensitivity was 100.0% (95% CI 95.4%–100.0%) and NPV was 100.0% (95% CI 95.5%–100.0%). Sensitivity and NPV were maintained when AMI was readjudicated on the basis of hs-cTnT.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings confirm that patients with nonischemic ECG and undetectable hs-cTnT at presentation have a very low probability of AMI, although the proportion of patients affected was smaller than in previous research.
The ideology problem in terms of critical theory of curriculum development models implemented in Turkey<p>Türkiye’de uygulanan program geliştirme modellerinin Eleştirel Teori açısından ideoloji sorunu
Authors: İşeri Alaettin 
Published: May 2015

<p>In this study, it was examined how curriculum development models implemented in Turkey make possible understanding of ideology in the dimensions of methodological structure, integrated institutional structure, and effect to teaching practice in terms of discource within critical theory. In this context, the study was carried out based on literature review. The data were obtained from the related literature concerning curriculum development models implemented in Turkey and discourse within critical theory. The data collected were identified via descriptive analysis and interpreted comparatively. Firstly, study findings were examined curriculum development models implemented in Turkey to dimensions of methodological structure, integrated institutional structure, and effects to teaching practice. Secondly, compared with the discourses; social structure of knowledge, one dimensional man, the model of transmitted education, reproduction of cultural capital, hegemony and democtratic curriculum within critical theory were examined comparatively. According to these findings, it was discussed the understanding of ideology that models make possible it terms of personal-social effects at macro level.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’de uygulanan program geliştirme modellerinin, eleştirel teori argümanları açısından ideoloji üretim sorunu irdelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’de uygulanan program geliştirme modellerinin metodolojik yapısı, entegre edildiği kurumsal yapı ve öğretim pratiğine etkileri, eleştirel teorinin temel argümanları ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenerek ideoloji üretim sorunu irdelenmiştir. Araştırma betimsel olup, literatür taramasına dayalı kuramsal bir çalışmadır. İlgili literatürlerden toplanan araştırma verileri, betimsel analiz aracılığıyla tanımlanıp, karşılaştırmalı olarak yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları ilk aşamada Türkiye’de uygulanan program geliştirme modellerinin metodolojik yapısı, entegre olduğu kurumsal yapı ve öğretim pratiğine etkileri başlıkları altında analiz edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, bağlamında ikinci aşamada eleştirel teorinin; bilginin sosyal yapısı, tek boyutlu insan, aktarımcı-bankacı eğitim düşüncesi, kültürel sermayenin yeniden üretimi, hegemonya ve demokratik program söylemleri ile karşılaştırılarak makro düzeyde ideoloji üretimini nasıl olanaklı kıldığı literature dayalı tartışılmıştır.</p>
Nonadditive Effects of Genes in Human Metabolomics
Authors: Tsepilov Yakov A , Shin So-Youn , Soranzo Nicole , Spector Tim D , Prehn Cornelia , Adamski Jerzy , Kastenmüller Gabi , Wang-Sattler Rui , Strauch Konstantin , Gieger Christian , Aulchenko Yurii S , Ried Janina S 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) are widely applied to analyze the genetic effects on phenotypes. With the availability of high-throughput technologies for metabolite measurements, GWAS successfully identified loci that affect metabolite concentrations and underlying pathways. In most GWAS, the effect of each SNP on the phenotype is assumed to be additive. Other genetic models such as recessive, dominant, or overdominant were considered only by very few studies. In contrast to this, there are theories that emphasize the relevance of nonadditive effects as a consequence of physiologic mechanisms. This might be especially important for metabolites because these intermediate phenotypes are closer to the underlying pathways than other traits or diseases. In this study we analyzed systematically nonadditive effects on a large panel of serum metabolites and all possible ratios (22,801 total) in a population-based study [Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4, N = 1,785]. We applied four different 1-degree-of-freedom (1-df) tests corresponding to an additive, dominant, recessive, and overdominant trait model as well as a genotypic model with two degree-of-freedom (2-df) that allows a more general consideration of genetic effects. Twenty-three loci were found to be genome-wide significantly associated (Bonferroni corrected P ≤ 2.19 × 10−12) with at least one metabolite or ratio. For five of them, we show the evidence of nonadditive effects. We replicated 17 loci, including 3 loci with nonadditive effects, in an independent study (TwinsUK, N = 846). In conclusion, we found that most genetic effects on metabolite concentrations and ratios were indeed additive, which verifies the practice of using the additive model for analyzing SNP effects on metabolites.
The Carboxy-Terminal Tails of Septins Cdc11 and Shs1 Recruit Myosin-II Binding Factor Bni5 to the Bud Neck in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Finnigan Gregory C , Booth Elizabeth A , Duvalyan Angela , Liao Elizabeth N , Thorner Jeremy 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Septins are a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins that form heterooctameric complexes that assemble into higher-order structures. In yeast, septin superstructure at the bud neck serves as a barrier to separate a daughter cell from its mother and as a scaffold to recruit the proteins that execute cytokinesis. However, how septins recruit specific factors has not been well characterized. In the accompanying article in this issue, (Finnigan et al. 2015), we demonstrated that the C-terminal extensions (CTEs) of the alternative terminal subunits of septin heterooctamers, Cdc11 and Shs1, share a role required for optimal septin function in vivo. Here we describe our use of unbiased genetic approaches (both selection of dosage suppressors and analysis of synthetic interactions) that pinpointed Bni5 as a protein that interacts with the CTEs of Cdc11 and Shs1. Furthermore, we used three independent methods—construction of chimeric proteins, noncovalent tethering mediated by a GFP-targeted nanobody, and imaging by fluorescence microscopy—to confirm that a physiologically important function of the CTEs of Cdc11 and Shs1 is optimizing recruitment of Bni5 and thereby ensuring efficient localization at the bud neck of Myo1, the type II myosin of the actomyosin contractile ring.
Related article in GENETICS: Finnigan, G. C. et al., 2015 Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of Paralogous Terminal Septin Subunits Shs1 and Cdc11 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 200: 821–841.
Design and Synthesis of Nanoparticle Contrast Agents for Spectral (color) X-Ray Imaging
Authors: Nallathamby Prakash D. , Mcginnity Tracie L. , Cole Lisa E. , Best Margaret E. , Vargo-Gogola Tracy , Roeder Ryan K. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTComputed tomography (CT) is an important tool in clinical diagnostic imaging enabling three-dimensional anatomic imaging at high spatial resolution with short scan times. However, X-ray attenuation differences in physiological fluids and soft tissues are relatively small, requiring the use of contrast agents to achieve sufficient imaging contrast. Recent advances in energy-sensitive X-ray detectors have made spectral (color) CT commercially feasible by unmixing the energy-dependent attenuation profile of different materials and will potentially enable molecular imaging in CT. In order to leverage these capabilities for diagnostic imaging, we are developing a spectral library of nanoparticle contrast agents with K-shell absorption edges spaced at least 10 keV apart. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the ability of spectral CT to simultaneously detect up to three different contrast agents and unmixed their signals to create color images. Gadolinium oxide (Gd), hafnium oxide (Hf) and gold (Au) were chosen due to exhibiting K-edges spaced 10-20 keV apart. Core-shell nanoparticles of each composition were synthesized by various methods to have a core diameter of 15-20 nm and were coated with a silica shell at least 2-4 nm in thickness to create a common platform for surface functionalization. The contrast agents were imaged in a soft tissue equivalent phantom using source-side method for spectral CT imaging. The source-side approach utilized monochromatic synchrotron radiation at the Argonne National Laboratory which, while not clinically applicable, served as a gold standard due to providing the highest spectral resolution. The nanoparticles designed for this study have broad applications in biomedical imaging due to their modular assembly, potential for enabling multi-modal detection, and surface functionalization with biomolecules (e.g., antibodies, peptides or enzymes) for active targeting.
Educadores traduzindo software livre educacional
Authors: Krüger Rainer 
Published: May 2015

Este artigo busca mostrar que traduzir um software livre não é tão complicado quanto parece. É um estímulo aos educadores colaborarem com o desenvolvimento dos sistemas que usam com seus alunos. Será mostrado quais são os passos para se traduzir um software, incluindo alguns conceitos como internacionalização, vocabulário padrão e ferramentas que facilitam o trabalho.
Editorial
Authors: Matte Ana Cristina Fricke 
Published: May 2015

Este número da Revista texto Livre: Linguagem e Tecnologia, é um ótimo exemplo do escopo interdisciplinar de nossas publicações, visto que temos artigos de diferentes áreas do conhecimento.Na seção Educação e Tecnologia, Gonzalo Abio discute uma questão central no ensino a distância, que é o feedback das atividades realizadas pelos alunos no ambiente online de aprendizagem Moodle, no artigo "IMPORTANCIA DEL FEEDBACK AUTOMÁTICO COMO APOYO AL APRENDIZAJE EN EL MOODLE".Na seção Documentação em Software Livre, dois artigos tratam a questão por diferentes abordagens. Délia Ribeiro Leite aborda a documentação de um programa para análise acúistica da fala, no artigo "O USO DE SCRIPTS DO PRAAT NA ANÁLISE ACÚSTICA DA FALA E AS EXPLICAÇÕES SOBRE ESSA FERRAMENTA NO TUTORIAL DO PROGRAMA", enquanto os autores de "CERCEAMENTO OU ACESSIBILIDADE: UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE A DOCUMENTAÇÃO EM SOFTWARE LIVRE", Simone Garofalo e Gleidston Alis, optam pela discussão geral do tema da importância da documentação para a liberdade de software.Na seção Semiótica e Tecnologia, Siane Paula de Araújo trata de uma questão cada vez mais premente para as Artes em geral, que é o conceito de corpo frente às novas tecnologias, no artigo "LINGUAGEM, TECNOLOGIA E DANÇA: O “CORPOTECNOLÓGICO”".A seção Linguística e Tecnologia traz uma importante discussão terminológica envolvendo a cibercultura, desde a invenção da imprensa até a digitalização do texto. Trata-se do artigo "DELIMITACIÓN CONCEPTUAL DE LA UNIDAD TERMINOLÓGICA “NUEVOS MEDIOS” EN EL ÁMBITO DE LA CIBERCULTURA", que focaliza exatamente o conceito de "novos meios de comunicação", tão utilizado e com tantas acepções na atualidade.Finalmente, na seção Pensamenteando, o artigo "LIBERDADE EM DUAS PALAVRAS: CREATIVE COMMONS", desta que assina o presente editorial, discute o conceito de liberdade e seu uso indiscriminado, tendo como referência uma licença livre cuja principal finalidade é legalizar o direito do autor sobre o compartilhamento de obras intelectuais.Em nome da Comissão Editorial, agradeço sua visita. Ótima leitura! Ana Cristina Fricke Matte
Letramentos digitais e uma sequência didática para o ensino de espanhol
Authors: Almeida Elizabeth Guzzo de , Lima Renata de Souza 
Published: May 2015

RESUMO: As Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TIC) estão cada vez mais presentes no cotidiano das pessoas. Assim, faz-se necessário não apenas dominá-las tecnicamente, mas principalmente usá-las de maneira consciente e crítica. A escola precisa ser a agência responsável pelo ensino não só das habilidades técnicas para o uso dessas tecnologias, mas, sobretudo, por estimular a capacidade crítica de seu uso. Muitos dos professores de espanhol atuantes na Educação Básica têm dificuldades para elaborar materiais didáticos que envolvam as TIC e, dessa forma, acabam não promovendo práticas de leitura e escrita em ambientes digitais com seus alunos. Buscando mostrar que é possível contribuir para mudanças nesse quadro o objetivo deste artigo, é, pois, apresentar o percurso de elaboração de uma sequência didática criada para fomentar os letramentos digitais de alunos do Ensino Fundamental II nas aulas de espanhol. A metodologia utilizada para desenvolver o material didático apresentado é uma adaptação da Sequência Didática proposta por Dolz, Noverraz, Schneuwly (2004). O resultado foi a elaboração de um material didático mediado pelas tecnologias digitais para o desenvolvimento da produção escrita colaborativa em língua espanhola e a reflexão crítica sobre o uso das TIC nesse processo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: letramentos digitais; língua espanhola; sequência didática. ABSTRACT: The information and communication technologies (ICT) have become, in a very short time, a constant element in people’s daily lives. That is why it is necessary not only to master them technically speaking, but mainly use them in a conscious and critical way. School needs to be the agency responsible for teaching technical abilities of ICT and for stimulating their critical use. Most teachers of Spanish as a foreign language who work with basic Education face difficulties to design materials which include ICT and thus fail to contribute to change this scenario. The purpose of this article is to present the routes chosen to design a didactic sequence that stimulate digital literacies of students at basic levels in Spanish Language. The methodology used to develop the material is an adaptation of the model proposed by Dolz, Noverraz and Schneuwly (2004). The result is the design of a didactic material mediated by digital technologies focused on the development of collaborative writing of Spanish language and a critical reflection on the use of these tools throughout the process.KEYWORDS: Digital literacies; Spanish Language teaching; didactic sequence.
Improvement Analysis in a Municipal Pumping System Aiming the Energy Efficiency
Authors: Dutra Rafael Fernando , Altafini Carlos Roberto 
Published: May 2015

With the rapid and disorderly growth that occurred in the city of Caxias do Sul - RS in the last two decades, many problems of water supply are observed in specific areas, especially in peak times and days of consumption. In order to solve the mentioned problem and focusing on energy efficiency, this study proposed two improvements in the pumping system of Santa Fe, which is responsible for supplying the northern part of Caxias do Sul. The improvements mentioned dealt with the exchange of the pumping system and the use of a frequency converter to control its speed. From the measurements made and simulations in spreadsheets and software Epanet, it was found that the two improvements are technically and economically viable, providing an estimated monthly savings of 37.7%. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v2iss1p1
Multiple Service System Involvement and Later Offending Behavior: Implications for Prevention and Early Intervention
Authors: Bright Charlotte Lyn , Jonson-Reid Melissa 
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We investigated patterns of childhood and adolescent experiences that correspond to later justice system entry, including persistence into adulthood, and explored whether timing of potential supports to the child or onset of family poverty, according to developmental periods and gender, would distinguish among latent classes. Methods. We constructed a database containing records for 8587 youths from a Midwestern metropolitan region, born between 1982 and 1991, with outcomes. We used data from multiple publicly funded systems (child welfare, income maintenance, juvenile and criminal justice, mental health, Medicaid, vital statistics). We applied a latent class analysis and interpreted a 7-class model. Results. Classes with higher rates of offending persisting into adulthood were characterized by involvement with multiple publicly funded systems in childhood and adolescence, with the exception of 1 less-urban, predominantly female class that had similarly high system involvement coupled with lower rates of offending. Conclusions. Poverty and maltreatment appear to play a critical role in offending trajectories. Identifying risk factors that cluster together may help program and intervention staff best target those most in need of more intensive intervention.
Behavioral Health Care Needs, Detention-Based Care, and Criminal Recidivism at Community Reentry From Juvenile Detention: A Multisite Survival Curve Analysis
Authors: Aalsma Matthew C. , White Laura M. , Lau Katherine S. L. , Perkins Anthony , Monahan Patrick , Grisso Thomas 
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We examined the provision of behavioral health services to youths detained in Indiana between 2008 and 2012 and the impact of services on recidivism. Method. We obtained information about behavioral health needs, behavioral health treatment received, and recidivism within 12 months after release for 8363 adolescents (aged 12–18 years; 79.4% male). We conducted survival analyses to determine whether behavioral health services significantly affected time to recidivating. Results. Approximately 19.1% of youths had positive mental health screens, and 25.3% of all youths recidivated within 12 months after release. Of youths with positive screens, 29.2% saw a mental health clinician, 16.1% received behavioral health services during detention, and 30.0% received referrals for postdetention services. Survival analyses showed that being male, Black, and younger, and having higher scores on the substance use or irritability subscales of the screen predicted shorter time to recidivism. Receiving a behavior precaution, behavioral health services in detention, or an assessment in the community also predicted shorter time to recidivating. Conclusions. Findings support previous research showing that behavioral health problems are related to recidivism and that Black males are disproportionately rearrested after detention.
Regularly Drinking Alcohol Before Sexual Activity in a Nationally Representative Sample: Prevalence, Sociodemographics, and Associations With Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Eaton Nicholas R. , Thompson Ronald G. , Hu Mei-Chen , Goldstein Risë B. , Saha Tulshi D. , Hasin Deborah S. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We addressed regular drinking before sex and its associated risk factors. Methods. From the wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative adult US sample (fielded 2004–2005), we determined the 12-month prevalence of regularly drinking alcohol before sexual activity. Among 17 491 sexually active drinkers, we determined the sociodemographic, psychiatric, and substance use correlates of regularly drinking before sex. Results. Regular presex drinking’s 12-month prevalence was 1.8%. Significant bivariate sociodemographic correlates were age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, family income, marital status, and employment status. Generalized anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence were associated with significantly increased odds of being a regular presex drinker after controlling for covariates. Conclusions. We estimate that 4.3 million American adults are regular presex drinkers. Future research should examine this public health issue at the population level, with particular focus on pathways that link it to psychopathology.