bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteotomies At The Time of Graduation Surgery
Authors: Tetreault Tyler A. , Phan Tiffany N. , Wren Tishya A.L. , Heffernan Michael J. , Emans John B. , Karlin Lawrence I. , Samdani Amer F. , Helenius Ilkka J. , Vitale Michael G. ,   Pediatric Spine Study Group, Andras Lindsay M. 
Published: August 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective, Multicenter

Objective.
Determine if posterior column osteotomies (PCO) at time of conversion from growth friendly instrumentation (GFI) to definitive fusion in early onset scoliosis (EOS) graduates impacts outcomes.

Summary of Background Data.
Increasing spinal rigidity following treatment of EOS with GFI can limit curve correction at time of conversion to definitive spinal fusion. PCO are often employed at the time of fusion to improve flexibility. This technique’s efficacy has not been studied.

Methods.
EOS patients with GFI undergoing conversion to fusion were grouped by those that did or did not have PCO. Patients with inadequate radiographs, <2 years follow-up, or three-column osteotomies at time of fusion were excluded.

Results.
832 patients met inclusion criteria. 175 (21%) patients had PCO. Age at index surgery was younger (6.6 vs. 7.4 y, P =0.0009) and the mean duration of GFI was greater (6.2 vs. 5.5 y, P =0.009) in the PCO group. Prior to fusion, curve magnitude was similar between the groups (PCO=61.9 degrees, no PCO=59.3 degrees, P=0.18). On average 4.4 osteotomies (range: 1 – 12) were performed for the PCO group and EBL (PCO=820 cc vs no PCO=752 cc, P<0.01) and surgical time (PCO=403 min vs no PCO=349 min, P<0.01) were greater. Postoperatively, mean curve correction (PCO=16.6, no PCO=14.4 degrees, P=0.18) was similar. Accounting for preoperative curve magnitude, there was a relationship between number of PCOs and curve correction (P=0.04). There was no relationship between degrees of correction per osteotomy and duration of GFI (P=0.12). Postoperative complications at 2 years were similar (PCO=25% vs no PCO=27%, P=0.63).

Conclusion.
EOS graduates achieve minimal correction at time of conversion regardless of whether PCOs are performed. PCOs increase EBL and operative time but have a similar complication rate. More PCOs resulted in more correction, though less than that anticipated in a previously uninstrumented spine.

Level of Evidence.
III
The New Partnership: Technology Adoption, Development, Deployment, and Diffusion
Authors: Hawthorne Kisha Hortman , Akhter Shakeeb 
Published: August 2024

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) is a preeminent leader in pediatric healthcare delivery, research, and education. CHOP has three inpatient locations, 31 primary care centers, 16 ambulatory centers, and four dedicated research buildings. CHOP’s health system provides care for children from around the world and close to home in West Philadelphia and Southern New Jersey. Technology innovation has been a key element to the hospital’s success during the last 165 years.
Pre-term Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy: A Novel Nonsense LRP5 Mutation
Authors: Arjmand Parnian , Balas Michael , Wong Jovi C. Y. , Pimentel Mariana Flores , Tehrani Nasrin , Mireskandari Kamiar , Kertes Peter J. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
This case report details the diagnosis and management of a pre-term infant with aggressive bilateral retinal pathology.

Methods:
A 4-week-old preterm baby girl, born at 28 weeks and 6 days to consanguineous parents, was referred for suspected aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). She had a family history of bilateral retinal detachments and intellectual disability in an older sister. Clinical assessment included retinal examination, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and genetic testing. The genetic testing involved sequence analysis and copy number variation analysis of 25 genes related to vitreoretinopathy.

Results:
Retinal examination and fluorescein angiography revealed extensive non-perfusion and telangiectatic vessels in both eyes, and a macula-involving tractional retinal detachment in the left eye. Despite treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab and laser photocoagulation, they progressed to total retinal detachment and no light perception in both eyes. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic homozygous nonsense mutation in the LRP5 gene (c.3259C>T, p.(Gln1087*)), a mutation not previously reported in association with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). At 10 months of age, DEXA demonstrated normal bone density, diverging from the typical presentation of osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome associated with LRP5 mutations.

Conclusion:
This case describes a novel mutation in a complex retinal disease and underscores the necessity of considering pre-term FEVR in the differential diagnosis of atypical or aggressive ROP in preterm infants. The overlap in clinical features between ROP and FEVR highlights the complexity of diagnosis and management and the importance of genetic testing in preterm infants with retinal vascular abnormalities.
Think twice: how single-cell suspensions from solid tissues for single-cell transcriptomics are well prepared
Authors: Qu Meng-Meng , Jiao Yan-Mei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Due to its technological advantages, single-cell sequencing has become an increasingly utilized tool to unravel the heterogeneity and complexity of individuals. The preparation of a high-quality single-cell suspension from solid tissues is a critical step prior to single-cell RNA sequencing. Based on a brief overview of the steps involved in preparing cell suspensions from solid tissues for single-cell RNA sequencing, we present a detailed analysis of the pivotal steps in the preparation process, including enzymatic digestion, mechanical dissociation, and cell viability evaluation. The clarification of these experimental details will greatly help us obtain high-quality single-cell sequencing data from solid tissues.
Assessing Changes in Hand Tactile Sensitivity After Glabellar Botulinum Toxin Treatment
Authors: Hoang Johnson T. , Maia Renata M. , Burkat Cat N. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
We aimed to assess behavioral changes in tactile sensitivity in patients receiving cosmetic glabellar botulinum toxin-A injections.

Methods:
In this prospective cohort study, we conducted quantitative sensory testing on 20 patients receiving 15 to 35 units of glabellar botulinum toxin-A treatment between October 1, 2022 and March 8, 2023. We used modified Von Frey filaments to exert forces between 0.25 mN and 512 mN to the dorsal hand just prior to botulinum toxin-A injections. Filament tips were uniform, rounded, and 0.5 mm in diameter to prevent nociceptor activation. This process was repeated 4 to 6 weeks after injection to assess for any change in minimal mechanical detection thresholds.

Results:
Minimal mechanical detection thresholds decreased (patients detected smaller amounts of force) overall, in patients with prior botulinum toxin-A treatment, and in patients without prior botulinum toxin-A treatment: 5.34 mN to 4.33 mN (p = 0.22), 6.43 mN to 5.97 mN (p = 0.31), and 4.44 mN to 3.00 mN (p = 0.53), respectively.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that the plastic changes observed in previous studies do not necessarily result in clinically significant manifestations when utilizing small to moderate amounts of botulinum toxin-A for aesthetic correction of glabellar lines, thus highlighting the safety of botulinum toxin-A for this indication. Further research is required to gain a comprehensive understanding of whether hand-associated cortical activity is altered after aesthetic amounts of botulinum toxin are injected.
Impact of Donor Obesity on Graft and Recipient Survival Outcomes After Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alnagar Amr M.T. , Hajibandeh Shahab , Hajibandeh Shahin , Hakeem Abdul R. , Dasari Bobby V.M. 
Published: August 2024

Background.
The effect of donor body mass index (BMI) on liver transplantation (LT) outcomes remains unclear.

Methods.
A systematic search of the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and bibliographic reference lists was conducted. All comparative studies evaluating the outcomes of LT in obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and nonobese donors (BMI < 30 kg/m2) were included, and their risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I assessment tool. Patient and graft survival, acute rejection, and graft failure requiring retransplantation were evaluated as outcome parameters. A random-effects model was used for outcome synthesis.

Results.
We included 6 comparative studies reporting a total of 5071 liver transplant recipients from 708 obese and 4363 nonobese donors. There was no significant difference in 1-y (89.1% versus 84.0%, odds ratio [OR] 1.58; 95% CI 0.63-3.94, P = 0.33), 5-y (74.2%% versus 73.5%, OR 1.12; 95% CI 0.45-2.80, P = 0.81) graft survival, and 1-y (87.1% versus 90.3%, OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.43-1.15, P = 0.17) and 5-y (64.5% versus 71.6%, OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.49-1.05, P = 0.08) patient survival between 2 groups. Furthermore, recipients from obese and nonobese donors had a comparable risk of graft failure requiring retransplantation (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.33-2.60, P = 0.88) or acute graft rejection (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.45-1.11, P = 0.13).

Conclusions.
A meta-analysis of the best available evidence (level 2a) demonstrates that donor obesity does not seem to have a negative impact on graft or patient outcomes. The available studies might be subject to selection bias as the grafts from obese donors are usually subject to biopsy to exclude steatosis and the recipients usually belong to the low-risk group. Future research is needed to evaluate the impact of donors subgrouped by various higher BMI on graft and patient-related outcomes as well as to capture data of the discarded grafts from obese donors; hence, selection criteria for the grafts that could be used for transplantation from obese donors is identified.
Using Dual-Coil TMS-EEG to Probe Bilateral Brain Mechanisms in Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Morales-Torres Ricardo , Hovhannisyan Mariam , Gamboa Arana Olga Lucia , Dannhauer Moritz , McAllister Margaret L. , Roberts Kenneth , Li Yiru , Peterchev Angel V. , Woldorff Marty G. , Davis Simon W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundA widespread observation in the cognitive neuroscience of aging is that older adults show a more bilateral pattern of task-related brain activation. These observations are based on inherently correlational approaches. The current study represents a targeted assessment of the role of bilaterality using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).ObjectiveWe used a novel bilateral TMS-stimulation paradigm, applied to a group of healthy older adults (hOA) and older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with two aims: First, to elucidate the neurophysiological effects of bilateral neuromodulation, and second to provide insight into the neurophysiological basis of bilateral brain interactions.MethodsElectroencephalography (EEG) was recorded while participants received six forms of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): unilateral and bilateral rTMS trains at an alpha (8 Hz) and beta (18 Hz) frequency, as well as two sham conditions (unilateral, bilateral) mimicking the sounds of TMS.ResultsFirst, time-frequency analyses of oscillatory power induced by TMS revealed that unilateral beta rTMS elicited rhythmic entrainment of cortical oscillations at the same beta-band frequency. Second, both bilateral alpha and bilateral beta stimulation induced a widespreadreductionof alpha power. Lastly, healthy older adults showed greater TMS-related reductions in alpha power in response to bilateral rTMS compared to the MCI cohort.ConclusionOverall, these results demonstrate frequency-specific responses to bilateral rTMS in the aging brain, and provide support for inhibitory models of hemispheric interaction across multiple frequency bands.
A marsh samphire (Salicornia europaea) extract induces a strictly sex-specific, Tor-signaling-dependent extension of lifespan and exhibits anti-obesogenic properties
Authors: Zadeh Navid Tahan , Knop Mirjam , Ulrich Lisa Maria , Bruchhaus Iris , Lang Roman , Lüersen Kai , Rimbach Gerald , Roeder Thomas 
Published: August 2024

SummaryWe have studied the health-promoting properties of the marsh samphireSalicornia europaeaby employing the fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster. Supplementing a standard diet with 0.2% of an aqueous extract of this halophilic plant (SEE), which grows in sandy and muddy habitats in intertidal zones, extended the lifespan of two differentDrosophilastrains by up to a third. This effect was strictly sex-specific and only affected females. When analyzing the body composition, we found that the body fat content of SEE-treated female flies was lower compared to controls. The extract also positively impacted the lifespan of flies fed a high-fat diet but not a high-sugar diet. It is of note in this context that SEE exhibited a lipase-inhibitory activity in vitro. Moreover, SEE counteracted ageing-associated loss of intestinal barrier integrity. The sex-specific lifespan extensions induced by the SEE were entirely dependent on functional Tor signaling in the flies. Tissue-specific silencing of the Tor signalling pathway in different cellular compartments of the intestine reduced, but did not completely abolish, the lifespan-prolonging effect in females. This suggests that other organs also contribute to this effect. In contrast to the observation that Tor signalling is necessary for the life-prolonging effect, Foxo deficiency led to a reduction in the effect, but not to its complete absence. In conclusion, the SEE is a promising candidate for a health-promoting intervention, and we laid the current groundwork for identifying the compounds that mediate this effect in future studies.
Habitat partitioning and spatial segregation at multiple scales promotes year-round coexistence in a guild of forest songbirds
Authors: Berlusconi Alessandro , Castiglione Giulia , Wauters Lucas A. , Martinoli Alessio , Clerici Erminio , Mologni Andrea , Morganti Michelangelo , Martinoli Adriano , Romano Andrea , Rubolini Diego 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite ecological, biological, or genetic similarities, species belonging to the same guild should exhibit some degree of niche differentiation to coexist in the same area. Understanding the mechanisms promoting coexistence among ecologically similar and phylogenetically related species is crucial to improve our understanding of how biodiversity is maintained across broad temporal scales.We examined the mechanisms driving coexistence in a guild of 5 sympatric woodland songbirds (family Paridae) in mixed forests of south-central Europe. We performed interspecific comparisons of habitat and space use considering two different phenological periods (breeding and non-breeding) and two spatial scales (home-range and foraging habitat), as well as spatial segregation of breeding territories.Based on broad-scale habitat preferences, two distinct and seasonally consistent species subgroups were identified within the guild, namely broadleaf and conifer species. During breeding, we showed that all species largely overlapped in their use of different foraging micro-habitats within the tree canopy, even within each subgroup. Yet, we detected significant spatial segregation of breeding territories among species. On the contrary, during the non-breeding period, individuals of different species within mixed flocks foraged on different and complementary sectors of the canopy, thus partitioning foraging habitats.This study highlights that coexistence within the south-central European tit guild across different phenological periods is facilitated by a combination of distinct and complementary mechanisms, including spatial segregation of breeding territories, revealing how sympatric closely-related species coexist through both broad- and fine-scale spatial niche differentiation.
A comparative assessment of indirect green façade and conventional walls: perspective of life cycle cost
Authors: Madushika U.G.D. , Ramachandra Thanuja 
Published: August 2024

PurposeGreen walls are vertical structures with various plant species that contribute to achieving sustainability in terms of environmental, economic and social aspects. A comparison of green wall performance with a similar type of conventional wall would be the most convincing way of promoting green wall applications than comparing the performance within types of green walls. Hence, this study evaluated the life cycle cost (LCC) of an indirect green facade with a conventional wall in the Sri Lankan tropical climate towards enhancing the adaptation of the green wall concept as an energy-saving solution.Design/methodology/approachThe study involved two stages: (1) assessing the thermal performance and (2) calculating the LCC of the indirect green facade and the conventional wall. On-site temperature measurements were taken from various spots on the exterior and interior wall surfaces of each building in different time intervals per day for 21 days from the end of May to the beginning of July. The LCC analysis was performed using the cost data collected through the market survey and document review.FindingsThe temperature difference between the external and internal wall surfaces of the conventional wall (1.060C) is higher than the green wall (0.320C). This implies that green walls help retain 2/3 of the temperature transferred through a conventional wall, thereby reducing the energy requirement for cooling purposes by 70%. Though the initial cost of a green wall is 19% higher than a conventional wall, maintenance costs of green walls result in 29% savings. This results in a 55% overall annual LCC savings compared to conventional walls.Originality/valueThere is a dearth of studies to evidence that the cost performance of green walls is more effective than conventional walls in tropical climates, and this study fulfils this research gap. Thus, the findings would be more convincing to clients towards enhancing green wall applications.
Differences in Brazilian structural change before and after 1980: an exploration of its causes
Authors: Falleiro Marcos Paulo da Silva , Fonseca Pedro Cezar Dutra 
Published: August 2024

PurposeIn this paper we investigate why the process of structural change in Brazil was growth accelerating before 1980 and why it was growth reducing after this year.Design/methodology/approachWe investigate the causes of this change in behavior using the shift-share decomposition method.FindingsThe results indicate that in the first period there were high productivity gains as result of improvement in economic fundamentals such as the quality of capital and of labor and innovations. In this way, reallocation of workers between sectors, that is part of the process of structural change, was an inducer of economic growth. However, after 1980, mainly between 1991 and 2011, sectors that achieved productivity gains did so by reducing labor, which was absorbed by sectors with poor performance in terms of productivity growth. Furthermore, factors such as the deindustrialization that developed countries have been undergoing, the international situation, the stage of Brazilian economic development and its possible premature deindustrialization contributed to a growth reducing structural change.Originality/valueOur differential to the matter is applying the shift-share methodology without combining any of the ten sectors analyzed, adopting a slightly different time frame than similar studies and presenting the shift-share results in a graphically manner in addition to the traditional numbers. By representing graphically how much each of the ten sectors is contributing to the structural change in the economy we are emphasizing the specificities of each of these sectors instead of just considering the aggregated view like manufacturing industry versus other industries or modern services versus traditional services.
Unraveling the underlying causes and consequences of construction safety neglect: a multiperspective analysis of the Bangladeshi construction industry
Authors: Ali Md. Shajahan , Meem Tamanna Islam , Hossain Md. Mehrab , Ahmad Syed Ishtiaq 
Published: August 2024

PurposeConstruction accidents cause as much harm in Bangladeshi construction as it does globally. This study examines the primary causes of accidents and undertakes an impact assessment of neglecting safety protocols in construction projects in Bangladesh, funded publicly, privately and through a Public-Private Partnership (PPP).Design/methodology/approachResearch was initiated with a comprehensive questionnaire from experts, sourcing data in Bangladesh's construction sector. Data analysis utilized Cronbach's alpha, relative important index and a fishbone diagram for causal visualization.FindingsThe study identified the three major causes of safety negligence as “Poor safety culture (RII = 0.857),” “Top management's inattention (RII = 0.825)” and “Lack of personal care (RII = 0.825).” Effects: “Rising project expenses (RII = 0.88),” “Increased medical costs (RII = 0.87)” and “Worker compensation expenses (RII = 0.87).” The study also used the Ishikawa-Fishbone and effect-flow diagrams to highlight accident causes/effects and compare their primary causes in PPP, public and private projects.Originality/valueResearch on construction safety in Bangladesh has mainly focused on identifying factors within specific construction sectors. Since the rules and regulations vary across these three sectors, different health and safety hazards may arise. As a result, this research fills a critical gap by providing a comparative study that examines the causes and impacts of different project types in the Bangladeshi construction industry. By pinpointing the result, this research aims to enhance the safety and well-being of the construction workers sector-wise, thereby contributing to the industry's sustainable growth.