bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red selenium nanoparticles and gray selenium nanorods as antibacterial coatings for PEEK medical devices
Authors: Wang Qi , Mejía Jaramillo Alejandra , Pavon Juan J. , Webster Thomas J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBacterial infections are commonly found on various poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) medical devices (such as orthopedic instruments, spinal fusion devices, and segments in dialysis equipment), and thus, there is a significant need for introducing antibacterial properties to such materials. The objective of this in vitro study was to introduce antibacterial properties to PEEK medical devices by coating them with nanosized selenium. In this study, red selenium (an elemental form of selenium) nanoparticles were coated on PEEK medical devices through a quick precipitation method. Furthermore, with heat treatment at 100°C for 6 days, red selenium nanoparticles were transferred into gray selenium nanorods on the PEEK surfaces. Bacteria test results showed that both red and gray selenium‐coated PEEK medical devices significantly inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with uncoated PEEK after either 1, 2, or 3 days. Red selenium nanoparticle‐coated PEEK showed less bacteria growth on its surface than gray selenium nanorod‐coated PEEK after 3 days. This study demonstrated that red, and to a lesser extent gray, nanosized selenium could be used as potential antibacterial coatings to prevent bacteria function on PEEK medical devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1352–1358, 2016.
Assessing the Impact of a Race‐Based Course on Counseling Students: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Paone Tina R. , Malott Krista M. , Barr Jason J. 
Published: July 2015

This study sought to determine changes in 121 White counseling students following their participation in an experiential, race‐based course taught in a group format. Pre‐ and postoutcomes were reported based on instruments that measured White racial identity development, White privilege, color blindness, and the costs of racism. Findings indicated significant changes according to the majority of measures, although with certain distinctions. Findings are discussed in light of the current literature.Este estudio trató de determinar los cambios en 121 estudiantes blancos de consejería después de su participación en un curso experiencial basado en la raza que se enseñó en formato de grupo. Se comunicaron los resultados previos y posteriores basándose en instrumentos que midieron el desarrollo de la identidad racial blanca, el privilegio blanco, la falta de percepción de color y los costos del racismo. Los hallazgos indicaron cambios significativos según la mayoría de mediciones, aunque con ciertas distinciones. Se discuten los hallazgos a la luz de las investigaciones actuales.
Virtual reconstruction and description of the cranial endocast of Pristerodon mackayi (Therapsida, Anomodontia)
Authors: Laaß Michael 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe cranial endocast of Pristerodon mackayi is described, which has been virtually reconstructed on the basis of neutron tomographic data. The gross anatomy of the cranial endocast of Pristerodon resembles other nonmammalian synapsids such as Thrinaxodon liorhinus in having a narrow, tubular forebrain, well developed olfactory bulbs, a large parietal foramen and unossified zone. As it is the case in cynodonts the hindbrain of Pristerodon is broader than the mid‐ and forebrain. Large paraflocculi are developed. The medulla oblongata can be well distinguished from the pons. The pons is divided by a median ridge into two portions. There is no evidence for a neocortex, which seems to be also reflected in the low encephalization quotient of 0.18 estimated according to the method of Eisenberg. J. Morphol. 276:1089–1099, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DANTE‐prepared three‐dimensional FLASH: A fast isotropic‐resolution MR approach to morphological evaluation of the peripheral arterial wall at 3 tesla
Authors: Xie Guoxi , Zhang Nan , Xie Yibin , Nguyen Christopher , Deng Zixin , Bi Xiaoming , Fan Zhanming , Liu Xin , Li Debiao , Fan Zhaoyang 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundTo develop and assess a sequence using DANTE dark‐blood preparation combined with FLASH readout (DANTE‐FLASH) for rapid isotropic‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) peripheral vessel wall imaging at 3 Tesla (T).MethodsNumerical simulations were first conducted to optimize imaging parameters for maximizing the wall‐lumen contrast. The sequence, implemented at 3T, was then assessed in the bilateral superficial femoral arteries of eight healthy volunteers and three patients who were undergoing non–contrast‐enhanced MRA due to known peripheral artery disease. Conventional 2D dark‐blood turbo spin echo (DB‐TSE) was performed as a reference in all subjects. Image quality on a 5‐point scale, apparent wall signal‐to‐noise ratio, apparent wall‐lumen contrast‐to‐noise ratio, wall thickness, wall area and lumen area were assessed or measured in all healthy subjects. Additionally, the agreement in the depiction of wall thickening or luminal stenosis between DANTE‐FLASH and DB‐TSE, or MRA was assessed using a 4‐point scale in the patient study.ResultsDANTE‐FLASH allowed for a 30‐cm‐long coverage within 4 min, whereas DB‐TSE took approximately 7 min for a 9‐cm‐long coverage. Good image quality was obtained by DANTE‐FLASH (score > 3). The wall thickness, wall area, and lumen area were all comparable (t‐test; P = 0.334, 0.224 and 0.136) and showed excellent agreement between DANTE‐FLASH and DB‐TSE (intra‐class correlation = 0.81, 0.85, and 0.98). The atherosclerotic plaques and luminal stenosis identified by DANTE‐FLASH were in accordance with the findings by 2D DB‐TSE or MRA.ConclusionDANTE‐FLASH is a 3D dark‐blood MR sequence allowing for rapid isotropic‐resolution imaging of the peripheral vessel wall at 3T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:343–351.
Food neophiles: Profiling the adventurous eater
Authors: Latimer Lara A. , Pope Lizzy , Wansink Brian 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveThe study objective was to identify how food neophilia—having an adventurous eating style for new/different foods—may relate to body mass index (BMI).MethodsA nationwide online survey was conducted in 2012 with a group of 501 diverse young women (mean age = 26.8, mean BMI = 25.96). Items measured eating adventurousness, perceptions of novel foods, lifestyle and psychological characteristics, and BMI (dependent variable).ResultsLinear regressions were run to examine associations between eating adventurousness and weight‐related outcomes. To examine mean differences between adventurous and non‐adventurous eaters, a one‐way ANOVA was run for variables on perceptions of novel foods, lifestyle, and psychology (significance level = P < 0.05). Food neophiles had lower BMIs (P < 0.01) and were more likely to cook to connect with their heritage, host friends for dinner, be physically active, and be concerned about the healthfulness of food, when compared to non‐adventurous eaters (all P values < 0.05).ConclusionsPromoting adventurous eating in adults could help individuals lose/maintain weight without feeling as restricted. Given the lack of research on food neophiles, future studies should examine their characteristics and behaviors, as well as how food neophiles may intersect with others interested in food (e.g., foodies).
Target Mediated Drug Disposition Model of CPHPC in Patients with Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: Sahota T , Berges A , Barton S , Cookson L , Zamuner S , Richards D 
Published: July 2015

The amyloid deposits that cause disease in systemic amyloidosis always contain the normal plasma protein, serum amyloid P (SAP) component. SAP is the target of a novel immunotherapy approach now being developed to eliminate amyloid deposits. The treatment is enabled by, and critically depends on, the use of the drug (R)‐1‐[6‐[(R)‐2‐carboxy‐pyrrolidin‐1‐yl]‐6‐oxo‐hexanoyl]pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (CPHPC, GSK2315698, Ro 63‐8695), which depletes circulating SAP almost completely but leaves some SAP in amyloid deposits for specific recognition by subsequently administered therapeutic anti‐SAP antibodies. Herein, we report a mechanistic model that predicts, with clinically acceptable precision, the exposure‐response relationship for CPHPC, both in healthy individuals and in patients with systemic amyloidosis. The model covariates are gender, renal function, total amyloid load, and presence of hepatic amyloid, all of which are known at baseline. The model is being used to predict individualized dosing regimens in an ongoing, first‐in‐human study with anti‐SAP antibodies.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2015) 4, 116–126; doi:10.1002/psp4.15; published online on 4 February 2015.
BioModels: Content, Features, Functionality, and Use
Authors: Juty N , Ali R , Glont M , Keating S , Rodriguez N , Swat MJ , Wimalaratne SM , Hermjakob H , Le Novère N , Laibe C , Chelliah V 
Published: July 2015

BioModels is a reference repository hosting mathematical models that describe the dynamic interactions of biological components at various scales. The resource provides access to over 1,200 models described in literature and over 140,000 models automatically generated from pathway resources. Most model components are cross‐linked with external resources to facilitate interoperability. A large proportion of models are manually curated to ensure reproducibility of simulation results. This tutorial presents BioModels' content, features, functionality, and usage.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2015) 4, 55–68; doi:10.1002/psp4.3; published online 25 February 2015
Associations among solicitation, relationship quality, and adolescents' disclosure and secrecy with mothers and best friends
Authors: Villalobos Solís Myriam , Smetana Judith G. , Comer Jessamy 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTDisclosure and secrecy with mothers and best friends about personal, bad behavior, and multifaceted (e.g., staying out late) activities were examined using daily diaries among 102 ethnically diverse, urban middle adolescents (M = 15.18 years, SD = .89). Adolescents disclosed more and kept fewer secrets from best friends than from mothers and more frequently disclosed and kept secrets about their personal than their bad behavior and multifaceted activities. Better daily relationship quality was associated with more disclosure about personal and multifaceted activities and less secrecy about bad behaviors for both mothers and best friends. Overall, when mothers solicited information, adolescents disclosed more but also kept more secrets from them, whereas best friends' solicitation was mostly associated with more disclosure.
Educational inequalities in aging‐related declines in fluid cognition and the onset of cognitive pathology
Authors: Clouston Sean A.P. , Glymour M. Maria , Terrera Graciela Muñiz 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundEducation has been robustly associated with cognitive reserve and dementia, but not with the rate of cognitive aging, resulting in some confusion about the mechanisms of cognitive aging. This study uses longitudinal data to differentiate between trajectories indicative of healthy versus pathologic cognitive aging.MethodsParticipants included 9401 Health and Retirement Study respondents aged ≥55 years who completed cognitive testing regularly over 17.3 years until most recently in 2012. Individual‐specific random change‐point modeling was used to identify age of incident pathologic decline; acceleration is interpreted as indicating likely onset of pathologic decline when it is significant and negative.ResultsThese methods detect incident dementia diagnoses with specificity/sensitivity of 89.3%/44.3%, 5.6 years before diagnosis. Each year of education was associated with 0.09 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.087–0.096; P < .001) standard deviation higher baseline cognition and delayed onset of cognitive pathology (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; P = .006).ConclusionsLongitudinal random change‐point modeling was able to reliably identify incident dementia. Accounting for incident cognitive pathology, we find that education predicts cognitive capability and delayed onset pathologic declines.
Rawls on Markets and Corporate Governance
Authors: Norman Wayne 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT:Like most egalitarian political philosophers, John Rawls believes that a just society will rely on markets and business firms for much of its economic activity—despite acknowledging that market systems will tend to create very unequal distributions of goods, opportunities, power, and status. Rawls himself remains one of the few contemporary political philosophers to explore at any length the way an egalitarian theory of justice might deal with fundamental options in political economy. This article examines his arguments and conclusions on these topics. It argues that contemporary Rawlsians will reach different conclusions if they take more seriously than Rawls himself did: (1) the implications, for the political culture and the democratic regulatory state, of large firms competing in adversarial markets characterized by the inevitable “fact of market failure,” and (2) the relevance of ownership and governance relationships involving different kinds of business firms. And with respect to the second point, Rawlsians and other egalitarians have much to learn from contemporary economic, legal, and sociological theories of the firm, and the role of these theories in the structure of and rationale for corporate law. This is the kind of social theory that Rawls believes is relevant to the justification and application of theories of justice, but he himself did not appeal to it in his writings on political economy. Contemporary egalitarians can and should appeal to it now, and in doing so correct errors and omissions in Rawls’s analysis. But taking seriously the two points mentioned above will also force egalitarians who support efficient markets to face difficult dilemmas or compromises of their own.
Communicating Public Health Preparedness Information to Pregnant and Postpartum Women: An Assessment of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web Pages
Authors: McDonough Brianna , Felter Elizabeth , Downes Amia , Trauth Jeanette 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPregnant and postpartum women have special needs during public health emergencies but often have inadequate levels of disaster preparedness. Thus, improving maternal emergency preparedness is a public health priority. More research is needed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches to how preparedness information is communicated to these women. A sample of web pages from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention intended to address the preparedness needs of pregnant and postpartum populations was examined for suitability for this audience. Five of the 7 web pages examined were considered adequate. One web page was considered not suitable and one the raters split between not suitable and adequate. None of the resources examined were considered superior. If these resources are considered some of the best available to pregnant and postpartum women, more work is needed to improve the suitability of educational resources, especially for audiences with low literacy and low incomes. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:134-137)
Detection of skewed X-chromosome inactivation in Fragile X syndrome and X chromosome aneuploidy using quantitative melt analysis
Authors: Godler David E. , Inaba Yoshimi , Schwartz Charles E. , Bui Quang M. , Shi Elva Z. , Li Xin , Herlihy Amy S. , Skinner Cindy , Hagerman Randi J. , Francis David , Amor David J. , Metcalfe Sylvia A. , Hopper John L. , Slater Howard R. 
Published: July 2015

Methylation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) exon 1/intron 1 boundary positioned fragile X related epigenetic element 2 (FREE2), reveals skewed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in fragile X syndrome full mutation (FM: CGG > 200) females. XCI skewing has been also linked to abnormal X-linked gene expression with the broader clinical impact for sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs). In this study, 10 FREE2 CpG sites were targeted using methylation specific quantitative melt analysis (MS-QMA), including 3 sites that could not be analysed with previously used EpiTYPER system. The method was applied for detection of skewed XCI in FM females and in different types of SCA. We tested venous blood and saliva DNA collected from 107 controls (CGG < 40), and 148 FM and 90 SCA individuals. MS-QMA identified: (i) most SCAs if combined with a Y chromosome test; (ii) locus-specific XCI skewing towards the hypomethylated state in FM females; and (iii) skewed XCI towards the hypermethylated state in SCA with 3 or more X chromosomes, and in 5% of the 47,XXY individuals. MS-QMA output also showed significant correlation with the EpiTYPER reference method in FM males and females (P < 0.0001) and SCAs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrate use of MS-QMA to quantify skewed XCI in two applications with diagnostic utility.
MARTIN-LÖF RANDOMNESS IN SPACES OF CLOSED SETS
Authors: AXON LOGAN M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlgorithmic randomness was originally defined for Cantor space with the fair-coin measure. Recent work has examined algorithmic randomness in new contexts, in particular closed subsets of 2ɷ ([2] and [8]). In this paper we use the probability theory of closed set-valued random variables (RACS) to extend the definition of Martin-Löf randomness to spaces of closed subsets of locally compact, Hausdorff, second countable topological spaces. This allows for the study of Martin-Löf randomness in many new spaces, but also gives a new perspective on Martin-Löf randomness for 2ɷ and on the algorithmically random closed sets of [2] and [8]. The first half of this paper is devoted to developing the machinery of Martin-Löf randomness for general spaces of closed sets. We then prove some general results and move on to show how the algorithmically random closed sets of [2] and [8] fit into this new framework.
A Critical Analysis of the Laws of Inheritance in the Southern States of Nigeria
Authors: Edu OK 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article critically examines the customary laws of inheritance in the communities of southern Nigeria. It argues that the rules are skewed against female beneficiaries, both wives and children. It also argues that courts faced with such customs should subject them to the repugnancy test contained in the Evidence Act 2004, the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 and other international conventions to which Nigeria is party, as do the courts in Ghana, South Africa and Botswana.
Average thickness of tragal cartilage for slicing techniques in tympanoplasty
Authors: Khan M M , Parab S R 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground:Cartilage-perichondrial grafts are often used for tympanic membrane and middle-ear reconstructions. Tragal and conchal cartilages are most frequently used for this purpose. Studies have shown that slicing the cartilage to less than 0.5 mm thickness improves acoustic benefit. However, the thickness of the cartilage in a given population may not be uniform.Objective:This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to determine the average thickness of tragal cartilage (in terms of age and sex) in an Indian population.Method:A prospective study of 61 tragal cartilages harvested during serial tympanoplasty and modified radical mastoidectomy were analysed according to thickness.Results:The total average thickness of tragal cartilage was 1.228 ± 0.204 mm in males and 1.090 ± 0.162 mm in females. The overall thickness was 1.018 ± 0.139 mm in those aged less than 15 years, 1.139 ± 0.238 mm in those aged 15–30, and 1.189 ± 0.155 mm in those aged over 30 years.Conclusion:The findings help us to determine age-related cartilage thickness for slicing techniques in tympanoplasty.
AQP1, AQP5, Bcl-2 and p16 in pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lehnerdt G F , Bachmann H S , Adamzik M , Panic A , Köksal E , Weller P , Lang S , Schmid K W , Siffert W , Bankfalvi A 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to link expression patterns of AQP1, AQP5, Bcl-2 and p16 to clinicopathological characteristics of oro-hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.Methods:Immunohistochemical expression of AQP1, AQP5, Bcl-2 and p16 was investigated in 107 consecutive oro-hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cases. Molecular interrelationship and correlations with clinicopathological parameters and survival were computed.Results:AQP1 was expressed exclusively by a subgroup of basaloid-like squamous cell carcinomas. AQP5 was detected in 25.2 per cent of the samples, showing significant association with the absence of p16 and Bcl-2 (p = 0.018; p = 0.010). In multivariate analysis, overexpression of p16 was significantly correlated with favourable overall survival (p = 0.014).Conclusion:AQP5 defined a subset of patients with Bcl-2-negative and p16-negative tumours with a poor clinical outcome. AQP1 was found to be a marker of a subgroup of aggressive basaloid-like squamous cell carcinomas. These findings suggest that AQP1 and AQP5 are interesting candidates for further studies on risk group classification and personalised treatment of oro-hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.
Nietzsche on Thucydidean Realism
Authors: Polansky David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIt is now conventional in both pedagogical and scholarly venues to characterize Thucydides as a “realist.” Few, however, have noted that the first major writer to describe him in these terms is not Machiavelli or Hobbes (alongside whom he is frequently placed), but Friedrich Nietzsche. This article seeks to investigate the particular character of Thucydides's realism through a close reading of Nietzsche's discussions of Thucydides and hisHistory. Three interpretations are explored: realism as a mode of investigating or understanding the world, realism as a set of ideas about the possibilities of establishing grounds for justice in the world, and realism as a matter of character.
A critical appraisal of foreign language research in content and language integrated learning, young language learners, and technology-enhanced language learning published in Spain (2003–2012)
Authors: Dooly Melinda , Masats Dolors 
Published: July 2015

This state-of-the-art review provides a critical overview of research publications in Spain in the last ten years in three areas of teaching and learning foreign languages (especially English): context and language integrated learning (CLIL), young language learners (YLL), and technology-enhanced language learning (TELL). These three domains have been selected for their relevance to current education policies and practices in Spain. This review aims to provide access for international readers to research published in Spain in the local languages or in English, within these innovative fields.El presente artículo ofrece una mirada crítica a las investigaciones en torno a la enseñanza y aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras en España en los últimos diez años. Este estado de la cuestión presta especial atención al inglés y aborda tres ejes que tienen gran relevancia en las actuales políticas educativas y las prácticas docentes en España: la introducción temprana de una lengua extranjera, el aprendizaje integrado de contenidos y lenguas extranjeras (AICLE) y el aprendizaje de lenguas asistido por ordenador (ALAO). Este artículo pretende divulgar internacionalmente los estudios publicados en el ámbito nacional, en inglés y en las lenguas vernáculas, en estas áreas de innovación.