bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
13C NMR spectroscopy of heterocycles: 3,5-diaryl-4-bromoisoxazoles
Authors: Yu Jiayo , Edjah Beatrice , Argueta-Gonzalez Hector , Ross Stephanie , Gaulden Patrick , Shanderson Ronald , Dave Julia , Baumstark Alfons L. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A series of 3,5-diarylisoxazoles (1–9) underwent reaction with N-bromosuccinimide in acetic acid to yield the corresponding 3.5-diaryl-4-bromoisoxazoles (1Br–9Br) in low to moderate yield. The X-ray structure of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-phenyl-4-bromoisoxazole showed torsion angles of ~40° and ~36° between the 3- and 5-aryl groups and the central ring system, respectively. Molecular modeling studies predicted the 3,5-phenylisoxazole ring system to be essentially coplanar and the 3,5-diphenyl groups of the 4-bromoisoxazole derivative to be twisted with torsional angles of 50° and 37°, respectively. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) data of the 3,5-diaryl-4-bromoisoxazoles were obtained in dimethyl sulfoxide-d
6 (DMSO-d
6) at 50°C. Plots of the C4 chemical shift data for isoxazoles (1–9) vs. those for 4-bromoisoxazoles (1Br–9Br) showed a good linear correlation (r
2 = 0.974) with a slope of 0.96. Substitution on the 3-aryl group had essentially no effect on the chemical shift for C4 of the 4-bromoisoxazole, whereas that on the 5-aryl group showed an excellent correlation with σ+ values. Despite the predicted torsion angle differences, distal transmission of substituent effects in the 4-bromo ring system was essentially analogous to that in the planar 3,5-diarylisoxazoles.
Synthesis and anti-proliferative activity of pyridine O-galactosides and 4-fluorobenzoyl analogues
Authors: Alneyadi Shaikha S. , Shehadi Ihsan A. , Abdou Ibrahim M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Pyridine O-galactosides 3, 4, and 2-(4′-fluorobenzoyloxy)pyridine derivatives 5 were prepared by simple nucleophilic substitution reactions. These nucleosides were studied as anti-proliferating agents of human promyelotic leukemia (HL-60) cells. Compound 5a shows the highest anti-proliferative activity (77% at 100 μm) among the synthesized compounds.
Re-thinking professional development and accountability: towards a more educational training practice
Authors: Emmett Yvonne 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this article, I discuss the contribution of theoretical resources to the transformation in my thinking about professional development and accountability, within an action research self-study of practice as a civil servant, in the context of participation on the Doctor in Education (Leadership) programme at Dublin City University (DCU) in the period 2008-2012. It is at the intersection of these subject positions, between theory and practice, that professional development was explored through the ‘leadership problem’ of encouraging trainer colleagues to investigate the educational potential of information and communications technologies (ICT) for the development of their practice. Ultimately, this constituted a critical space for sustained dialogue between the self and the social in exploring professional subjectivity. The resources discussed supported the interrogation of social, cultural and historical conditions influencing self-understanding and narrative reasoning (Tamboukou, 2008) and movement from strategic to communicative reasoning (Habermas, 1984). It is claimed that this has significance for the development of a more educational training practice, which expresses a concern for subjectivity and agency in the face of a growing ‘performativity’ in professional life (Ball, 2003).
Life outside academia: on becoming an expert teacher-researcher
Authors: Farrell Peter 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The author, a school principal with significant classroom responsibilities recounts his journey towards authenticity as an independent teacher-researcher. His career as a researcher began in the scientific-knowledge tradition and then moved into the practical-knowledge tradition. He describes how Donald Schön, the father of reflective practice, has transformed his professional life, leading him to develop a deeply thoughtful practice, one that makes use of the literature to augment, challenge, and legitimise the work he does in his school. The author delves into the messy world of the professional experiment, and the idea that professionals can, and do, act and think differently to third-person researchers. Finally, the author shares his story about how the members of a virtual community of scholars have facilitated his move from the periphery of the researching community into an authentic and valued practitioner-colleague with a personal theory of practice
Informal nature experience on the school playground
Authors: Raith Andreas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In Germany, all-day care and all-day schooling are currently increasing on a large-scale. The extended time children spend in educational institutions could potentially result in limited access to nature experience for children. On the other hand, it could equally create opportunities for informal nature experience if school playgrounds have a specific nature-oriented design. This article is written from the perspective of a primary school teacher and presents the findings of a meta-analysis which looks at the impact nature experience has on the development of children. Furthermore, the first results of a research study on green playgrounds in primary schools is discussed. The results so far seem to indicate that green school playgrounds have the potential of providing nature experience particularly for primary students
From a well-prepared teacher to an on-the-spot facilitator: a reflection on delivering an active learning course
Authors: Lee Hyowon 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this article, I describe my experience of preparing and delivering a brand new computing undergraduate course in a new university and in doing so, share how the special institutional push of the active learning pedagogy of the university changed the way I prepared and delivered the course, and ended up transforming my own view of teaching. I was faced with an unusual cohort of students who were already familiar with active learning styles in classes, were proactive, vocal, and argumentative, were not afraid of making mistakes and of challenging the authorities, were extremely articulate expressing themselves and who had worked in a project- and team-based setting throughout the programme. As such, a very different method of teaching needed to be in place, not for the purpose of improving the in-class engagement, but out of necessity. In the process of creating and running this course, I witnessed a major shift in the allocation of my time, efforts and other resources: from general to specific, from teaching to advising to observing, from elaborate preclass preparations to impromptu, in-class discussions, thus bringing all my design skills and experiences to the table.
The co-creation of a video to inspire humanitarianism: How an Educational Entrepreneurial approach inspired humanitarian workers to be mindfully innovative whilst working with technology.
Authors: Crotty Yvonne , Kilboy Laura 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the value of embracing digital technology in order to effect positive change in a non-governmental (NGO) charity organisation, in this case the Irish Charity Crosscause. The outcome of the research was the creation of a charity video, Crosscause: Making a Difference, to showcase humanitarian work in Ireland and Romania with a view to inspiring others to contribute in some capacity to this cause. Video is an important medium to provide connections with a wider audience, as it gives humanitarian workers and marginalised communities an opportunity to tell their story by making a compelling and evocative case to others. Visual media not only makes connections with an audience, but can also positively challenge people to consider what is happening in the world around them.
The research process incorporated an entrepreneurial methodology - an Educational Entrepreneurial approach to action research-with four steps: Exploring, Understanding, Creating and Transforming, which is designed to guide practitioner-researchers as they embrace digital technology to resolve an identified need in a workplace context, including people in disadvantaged settings. In this research, there was an identified need for a charity video to link the giving in Ireland to the receiving in Romania, so that viewers could see the tangible effects of their contributions. A further aim of the research was to illustrate how volunteering can inspire solidarity among Irish and Romanian communities.
Transitive permutation groups with trivial four point
stabilizers
Authors: Magaard Kay , Waldecker Rebecca 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this paper we analyze the structure of transitive permutation
groups that have trivial four point stabilizers, but some nontrivial
three point stabilizer. In particular, we give a complete, detailed
classification when the group is simple or quasisimple. This paper is motivated by questions concerning the relationship between fixed points of automorphisms of Riemann surfaces and Weierstraß points and is a continuation of the authors' earlier work.
On the null space of a class of Fredholm integral equations of the first kind
Authors: Michel Volker , Orzlowski Sarah 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe investigate the null space of Fredholm integral operators of the first kind withTD:=∫ℬD(x)k(x,⋅)dx,${{TD}\mathrel{\mathop{:}}=\int_{\mathcal{B}}D(x)k(x,\cdot\,)\,\mathrm{d}x},$whereℬ${{\mathcal{B}}}$is a ball, the integral kernel satisfiesk⁢(x,y)=∑n=0∞cn⁢|x|ln|y|n-2+q⁢Pn(q)⁢(x|x|⋅y|y|),x∈ℬ,y∈ℝq∖ℬ,${k(x,y)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}c_{n}\frac{|x|^{l_{n}}}{|y|^{n-2+q}}P_{n}^{(q)}% \biggl{(}\frac{x}{|x|}\cdot\frac{y}{|y|}\biggr{)},\quad x\in\mathcal{B},\,y\in% \mathbb{R}^{q}\setminus\mathcal{B}},$where(cn)${(c_{n})}$and(ln)${(l_{n})}$are sequences with particular constraints, and thePn(q)${P_{n}^{(q)}}$are Gegenbauer polynomials. We first discuss the case of a 3-dimensional ball in detail, where thePn(3)=Pn${P_{n}^{(3)}=P_{n}}$are Legendre polynomials, and then derive generalizations for theq-dimensional ball. The discussed class includes some important tomographic inverse problems in the geosciences and in medical imaging. Amongst others, uniqueness constraints are proposed and compared. One result is that information on the radial dependence ofDis lost inT⁢D${{TD}}$. We are also able to generalize a famous result on the null space of Newton’s gravitational potential operator to theℝq${\mathbb{R}^{q}}$. Moreover, we characterize the orthonormal basis of the derived singular value decomposition ofTas eigenfunctions of a differential operator and as basis functions of a particular Sobolev space. Our results give further insight to the interconnections of magnetic field inversion on the one side and gravitational/electric field inversion on the other side.
Digitalisierung, E-Health, Telemedizin… Was ist was?
Authors: Reulke Kerstin 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Digitalisierung der Gesellschaft beeinflusst derzeit unsere persönlichen und sozialen Lebensbereiche, die Arbeitswelt, Freizeit und Mobilität – und somit auch unser Gesundheitswesen. Schlüsselworte wie E-Health oder Telemedizin beschreiben diesen Wandlungsprozess, der durch den Einsatz moderner Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien gekennzeichnet ist. Sowohl die genaue Begriffsdefinition als auch die Abgrenzungen zu ähnlichen Begriffen unterliegen jedoch einer gewissen Variabilität.
Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen für ein digitalisiertes Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Dierks Christian 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Es liegt nahe, im Zusammenhang mit der Digitalisierung des Gesundheitssystems Schweigepflicht, Datenschutz und Privatheit zu thematisieren. Seltener angesprochen wird jedoch, welche Hürden das Recht gegenwärtig für eine Digitalisierung aufstellt und an welchen Stellen der gesetzliche Rahmen noch ergänzungsbedürftig ist, um notwendige Datenverarbeitung überhaupt erst zu ermöglichen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, an welchen Stellen des digitalen Gesundheitssystems rechtlicher Gestaltungsbedarf besteht.
Tablets zur Beschäftigung und Therapie von Demenzkranken – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Nordheim Johanna , Kuhlmey Adelheid , Hamm Sabine , Suhr Ralf 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Es wurden Praktikabilität und Nutzen der Anwendung von Tablets in der alltäglichen Betreuung dementer Pflegeheimbewohner untersucht. Durch den Einsatz sollten deren Lebensqualität und die sozial-kommunikative Teilhabe verbessert sowie Verhaltensauffälligkeiten reduziert werden. An der qualitativen Pilotstudie nahmen 14 Bewohner eines Wohnbereichs für Demenzerkrankte eines Berliner Pflegeheims teil. Sie wurden über drei Monate wöchentlich einzeln oder in Gruppen mit dem Tablet aktiviert.
Handysucht: Neue Medien = Neue Süchte? Ein Wegweiser für Familien
Authors: See Colette 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Digitalisierung prägt das Aufwachsen von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Eltern sind verunsichert, wie viel Handynutzung für ihr Kind noch unbedenklich ist. In den letzten Jahren hat sich die Bildschirmnutzung zu einem Dauerstreitthema in Familien entwickelt. Für etwa 30 Prozent der Eltern in Deutschland stellt die als exzessiv bewertete Computer- und Internetnutzung ein Problem dar.
On distribution of the norm of deviation of a sub-Gaussian random process in Orlicz spaces
Authors: Yamnenko Rostyslav E. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the study of sub-Gaussian random variables and stochastic processes. Recall that
along with centered Gaussian random variables
the space Sub(Ω) of sub-Gaussian random variables contains
all bounded zero-mean random variables and all zero-mean random variables whose
distribution tails decrease no slower than the tails of the distribution of a Gaussian random variable.
Here we study a square deviation of a sub-Gaussian random process from a constant and derive an upper estimate for the exponential moment
of the deviation. The obtained result allows to estimate the distribution of deviation of a sub-Gaussian random process from
some measurable function in the norm of Lp
(𝕋) and in the norm of Orlicz space.
The paper generalizes results of [Theory Probab. Math. Statist. 58 (1999), 51–66] for the norm of a sub-Gaussian random process in Orlicz space.
As an example we apply the obtained estimates to a sub-Gaussian Wiener process deviated from a linear and a square root functions.
Investigations on interface microstructure and strength properties of dissimilar tin bronze/superalloy diffusion bonded joints
Authors: Li Peng , Li Jinglong , Xiong Jiangtao , Zhang Fusheng , Liang Li 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Diffusion bonding of dissimilar metals QSn4-3 and GH34 by using a QSn6.5-0.1 interlayer has been conducted in this study. The purpose of the study is to investigate the interface microstructure and strength of the joints, and to demonstrate the feasibility of using another high Sn content tin bronze interlayer to fabricate a typical microstructure joint. Microstructure examinations show that a penetration structure is formed by using a QSn6.5-0.1 interlayer, and its feature is apparent. Also, prolonging the holding time is conducive to the forming of the penetration structure. Shear testing results show that the penetration structure formed in a diffusion bonded joint of QSn4-3 and GH34 enhances the joint strength to almost the same as the QSn4-3 base metal. The mechanism forming the penetration structure is as follows: Sn atoms diffuse faster than Cu atoms into GH34 causing more Sn atoms to aggregate at the GH34 grain boundary. When the bonding temperature reaches 950°C for a short time, the aggregated Cu alloys having higher content of Sn than 5.3wt.% will melt, and penetrate and disrupt some grains from GH34 base metal.
Rapid Degradation of Host mRNAs by Stimulation of RNase E Activity by Srd of Bacteriophage T4
Authors: Qi Dan , Alawneh Abdulraheem M , Yonesaki Tetsuro , Otsuka Yuichi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEscherichia coli messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are rapidly degraded immediately after bacteriophage T4 infection, and the host RNase E contributes to this process. Here, we found that a previously uncharacterized factor of T4 phage, Srd (Similarity with rpoD), was involved in T4-induced host mRNA degradation. The rapid decay of ompA and lpp mRNAs was partially alleviated and a decay intermediate of lpp mRNA rapidly accumulated in cells infected with T4 phage lacking srd. Exogenous expression of Srd in uninfected cells significantly accelerated the decay of these mRNAs. In addition, lpp(T) RNA, with a sequence identical to the decay intermediate of lpp mRNA and a triphosphate at 5′-end, was also destabilized by Srd. The destabilization of these RNAs by Srd was not observed in RNase E-defective cells. The initial cleavage of a primary transcript by RNase E can be either direct or dependent on the 5′-end of transcript. In the latter case, host RppH is required to convert the triphosphate at 5′-end to a monophosphate. lpp(T) RNA, but not lpp and ompA mRNAs, required RppH for Srd-stimulated degradation, indicating that Srd stimulates both 5′-end-dependent and -independent cleavage activities of RNase E. Furthermore, pull-down and immunoprecipitation analyses strongly suggested that Srd physically associates with the N-terminal half of RNase E containing the catalytic moiety and the membrane target sequence. Finally, the growth of T4 phage was significantly decreased by the disruption of srd. These results strongly suggest that the stimulation of RNase E activity by T4 Srd is required for efficient phage growth.
Ketamine Sedation After Administration of Oral Contrast: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Teshome Getachew , Braun Janet L. , Lichenstein Richard 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND:The American Academy of Pediatrics and American Society of Anesthesiologists have published consensus-based fasting guidelines intended to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. The purpose of our study was to compare the rate of adverse events in patients sedated with ketamine within 2 hours of oral contrast intake to those who were nil per os (NPO).METHODS:A retrospective cohort review of a database of children between July 2008 and May 2011. The rate of adverse events in children sedated with ketamine after intake of oral contrast for an abdominal computed tomography were compared with those sedated without taking oral contrast.RESULTS:One hundred and four patients sedated for a computed tomography scan; 22 patients were sedated within 2 hours of taking oral contrast, and 82 were NPO. The 2 groups were comparable with regard to gender, race, and American Society of Anesthesiologists status. The mean (SD) time between the second dose of oral contrast and induction of sedation was 58 (24) minutes. Vomiting occurred in 4 of 22 patients in the oral contrast group (18%; 95% confidence interval 2%–34%) and 1 of 82 patients in the NPO group (1%; 95% confidence interval, 0%, 4%; P &lt; .001). There was no difference in oxygen desaturation between the groups (P = .6).CONCLUSIONS:Children who received oral contrast up to 58 minutes before ketamine sedation had a higher rate of vomiting than those who did not receive oral contrast. We did not identify cases of clinical aspiration, and the incidence of hypoxia between the 2 groups was not statistically significant.
Risk Factors for Prolonged Length of Stay or Complications During Pediatric Respiratory Hospitalizations
Authors: Kaiser Sunitha V. , Bakel Leigh-Anne , Okumura Megumi J. , Auerbach Andrew D. , Rosenthal Jennifer , Cabana Michael D. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Respiratory illnesses are the leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations in the United States, and a major focus of efforts to improve quality of care. Understanding factors associated with poor outcomes will allow better targeting of interventions for improving care. The objective of this study was to identify patient and hospital factors associated with prolonged length of stay (LOS) or complications during pediatric hospitalizations for asthma or lower respiratory infection (LRI).

METHODS:
Cross-sectional study of hospitalizations of patients &lt;18 years with asthma or LRI (bronchiolitis, influenza, or pneumonia) by using the nationally representative 2012 Kids Inpatient Database. We used multivariable logistic regression models to identify factors associated with prolonged LOS (&gt;90th percentile) or complications (noninvasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation, or death).

RESULTS:
For asthma hospitalizations(n = 85 320), risks for both prolonged LOS and complications were increased with each year of age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.07; AOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.07, respectively for each outcome) and in children with chronic conditions (AOR 4.87, 95% CI 4.15–5.70; AOR 21.20, 95% CI 15.20–29.57, respectively). For LRI hospitalizations (n = 204 950), risks for prolonged LOS and complications were decreased with each year of age (AOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.98; AOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.94–0.96, respectively) and increased in children with chronic conditions (AOR 9.86, 95% CI 9.03–10.76; AOR 56.22, 95% CI 46.60–67.82, respectively). Risks for prolonged LOS for asthma were increased in large hospitals (AOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.32–2.11) and urban-teaching hospitals (AOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.33–1.97).

CONCLUSIONS:
Older children with asthma, younger children with LRI, children with chronic conditions, and those hospitalized in large urban-teaching hospitals are more vulnerable to prolonged LOS and complications. Future research and policy efforts should evaluate and support interventions to improve outcomes for these high-risk groups (eg, hospital-based care coordination for children with chronic conditions).
Binge Drinking
Authors: Siqueira Lorena , Smith Vincent C. ,   COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE, Levy Sharon , Ammerman Seth D. , Gonzalez Pamela K. , Ryan Sheryl A. , Siqueira Lorena M. , Smith Vincent C. 
Published: September 2015

This Clinical Report was retired.
Alcohol is the substance most frequently abused by children and adolescents in the United States, and its use is associated with the leading causes of death and serious injury at this age (ie, motor vehicle accidents, homicides, and suicides). Among youth who drink, the proportion who drink heavily is higher than among adult drinkers, increasing from approximately 50% in those 12 to 14 years of age to 72% among those 18 to 20 years of age. In this clinical report, the definition, epidemiology, and risk factors for binge drinking; the neurobiology of intoxication, blackouts, and hangovers; genetic considerations; and adverse outcomes are discussed. The report offers guidance for the pediatrician. As with any high-risk behavior, prevention plays a more important role than later intervention and has been shown to be more effective. In the pediatric office setting, it is important to ask every adolescent about alcohol use.