bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locating Longitudinal Respondents After a 50-Year Hiatus
Authors: Stone Celeste , Scott Leslie , Battle Danielle , Maher Patricia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Many longitudinal and follow-up studies face a common challenge: locating study participants. This study examines the extent to which a geographically dispersed subsample of participants can be relocated after 37 to 51 years of noncontact. Relying mostly on commercially available databases and administrative records, the 2011-12 Project Talent Follow-up Pilot Study (PTPS12) located nearly 85 percent of the original sample members, many of whom had not participated in the study since 1960. This study uses data collected in the base year to examine which subpopulations were the hardest to find after this extended hiatus. The results indicate that females were located at significantly lower rates than males. As expected, sample members with lower cognitive abilities were among the hardest-to-reach subpopulations. We next evaluate the extent to which biases introduced during the tracking phase can be minimized by using the multivariate chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) technique to calculate tracking loss adjustments. Unlike a 1995 study that found that these adjustments reduced statistical biases among its sample of located females, our results suggest that statistical adjustments were not as effective in PTPS12, where many participants had not been contacted in nearly 50 years and the tracking rates varied so greatly across subgroups.
Speciation of Cu and Zn in soil solution in a long-term fertilization experiment
Authors: Rutkowska Beata , Szulc Wiesław 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The changes of the concentration of Cu and Zn in the soil solution and the percentage of particular forms of these elements in the soil solution were investigated in the long-term fertilization experiment. The soil solution was obtained following the vacuum displacement method. Speciation of copper and zinc ions was determined with MINTEQA2 for Windows software. The results of the investigation indicated that exclusive mineral fertilization (NPK) caused an increase of Cu and Zn concentration in the soil solution. Organic fertilization (FYM) resulted in a decrease of Cu and an increase of Zn concentration in the soil solution. Liming limited mobility of both analysed elements. The results of speciation analysis showed that regardless of the fertilization mode, the organo-mineral complexes are the main form of Cu occurring in soil solution. The percentage of Cu-DOC complexes ranges from 76.5 to 85.2% of the total concentration of Cu in the soil solution. The particular forms of copper can be sorted depending on the percentage in the soil solution as follows: Cu-DOC>Cu2+>Cu-CO3. The main form of Zn in the soil solution are active Zn2+ ions. The share of Zn2+ in total zinc concentration in the soil solution ranged from 76.9% to 86.4%. Forms of zinc in the soil solution can be arranged with regard to their percentage as follows: Zn2+>Zn-DOC>ZnCl+>ZnHCO3+.
Suitability of Canopy Temperature Depression, Specific Leaf Area, and SPAD Chlorophyll Reading for Genotypic Comparison of Peanut Grown in a Sub-humid Environment
Authors: Singh D. , Balota M. , Isleib T. G. , Collakova E. , Welbaum G. E. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is mostly grown under rainfed production with water deficit being the major limiting factor. Several physiological characteristics have been proposed as surrogates for yield and genotypic selection under water deficit in arid climates, but their suitability for selection under sub-humid rainfed production where water deficit can also occur is not clear. Canopy temperature depression (CTD), specific leaf area (SLA), and SPAD chlorophyll reading of eight virginia-type peanut genotypes were evaluated at three growth stages in field trials involving rainfed and irrigated plants in sub-humid environments in northeastern Virginia-Carolina (VC) region in 2011 and 2012. Significant (p≤0.05) variation in pod yield and all physiological characteristics was observed in response to water regime in both years. Rainfed plants had warmer (CTD 2.2 vs. 3.1 °C) and greener canopies in 2011 but cooler (CTD 3.9 vs. 2.2 °C) and less green canopies in 2012 than the irrigated plants. Compared to irrigated plants, rainfed plants had slightly increased SLA in 2011 (135 vs. 131 cm2 g−1), but decreased SLA in 2012 (133 vs. 144 cm2 g−1). Differences (p≤0.05) among genotypes were observed for pod yield, SLA, and SPAD chlorophyll reading, but not for CTD. Among the physiological characteristics, only SPAD chlorophyll readings were significantly correlated to pod yield in all water regimes and growth stages in 2012, but not in 2011. Based on these results, CTD, SLA, and SPAD chlorophyll reading appear to be unsuited for genotypic selection for yield and water-deficit tolerance for peanut grown in sub-humid environment of the Virginia-Carolina region in part due to unpredictable rainfall amount and distribution. For reproducible field evaluations, additional methods will have to be used such as use of rain exclusion shelters.
PET bei Gliomen
Authors: Heiss W.-D. 
Published: May 2014

ZusammenfassungGliome, die 30% der intrakraniellen Tumoren darstellen, sind morphologische Veränderungen, sodass an erster Stelle der Diagnostik CT und MRT stehen, wobei MRT aufgrund der besseren Weichteilauflösung und zusätzlicher funktioneller Modalitäten (PWI, DWI, MRS) der Vorzug gegeben werden sollte. Mit diesen vor allem die Morphologie darstellenden bildgebenden Verfahren sind aber Aussagen über Malignitätsgrad, Infiltration und Effekte auf umgebendes Gewebe, Differenzierung zwischen Rezidiv und Nekrose, Prognose und Therapieeffekte nur eingeschränkt möglich.Solche Aussagen können aus PET-Untersu- chungen des Glukosestoffwechsels mit FDG, der Aminosäurenaufnahme und der Proteinsynthese mit 11C-Methionin, 18F-Fluorethylty- rosin und 18F-Fluordeoxyphenylalanin und der Proliferationsrate mit 18F-Deoxythymidin getroffen werden. Durch die zunehmende Verfügbarkeit von 18Fluor-Tracern gewinnt der Einsatz der PET bei Gliomen an klinischer Bedeutung. In allen Anwendungen sollte eine Koregistrierung zu Ergebnissen aus morphologischen bildgebenden Verfahren erfolgen, wofür nun auch schon Hybridgeräte (PET- MR) zum Einsatz kommen.
Dynamic linear models for forecasting of radiation belt electrons and limitations on physical interpretation of predictive models
Authors: Osthus D. , Caragea P. C. , Higdon D. , Morley S. K. , Reeves G. D. , Weaver B. P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRelationships exist between radiation belt electron flux intensities and solar drivers such as solar wind speed, ion density, and magnetic fields. The particulars of these relationships, however, are not well understood. Many forecasting models have been developed in the last 25 years, attempting to make sense of these relationships and produce accurate forecasts for electron flux intensities. We discuss some of the inherent limitations that many forecasting models (e.g., static models) possess when trying to untangle the intricate and dynamic relationships between electron flux levels and solar wind drivers. Dynamics related to the solar cycle limit physical interpretations for static forecasting models to customized and narrow time windows. Furthermore, the interrelatedness of solar drivers severely limit the ability to uniquely partition and describe the relationship between any one solar driver with electron flux levels. We suggest an alternate approach using dynamic linear models (DLMs). DLMs avoid some of the inherent limitations of physical understanding static models possess. We compare the 1 day ahead forecast accuracy of a relatively simple DLM to the current NOAA relativistic electron forecast model (REFM). The REFM does produce a more favorable prediction efficiency averaged across years when compared to the relatively simple DLM (0.749 to 0.721). However, the competitiveness of the DLM suggests that further development may lead to more accurate and interpretable models in the future.
Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry combined with automated MetaboLynx analysis approach to screen the bioactive components and their metabolites in Wen‐Xin‐Formula
Authors: Cao Hongxin , Zhang Aihua , Zhang Fang‐mei , Wang Qin‐qin , Zhang He , Song Yan‐hua , Zhou Ying , Sun Hui , Yan Guang‐li , Han Ying , Wang Xijun 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTWen‐Xin‐Formula (WXF), a famous traditional prescription, has been widely used to treat myocardial ischemia syndrome for thousands of years. However, the constituents absorbed into blood after oral administration of WXF remain unknown. Here, an integrative ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS) combined with the MetaboLynx approach was established to investigate the absorbed constituents in rats after oral administration of WXF. A hyphenated electrospray ionization and quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight analyzer was used for the determination of accurate mass of the molecule and fragment ions. With this rapid and automated analysis method, a total of 32 peaks were tentatively characterized in vivo based on MS and MS/MS data and comparison with available databasess, 26 of which were parent components and six metabolites. These components mainly were ginsenosides, paeoniflorin, galloyl glucose, berberis alkaloids, phenolic, phenolic glycosides and unsaturated fatty acids, glucuronide products of original berberis alkaloids. The present study demonstrates that integrative UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS technique and MetaboLynx data processing method were successfully applied for the rapid discovery of potentially bioactive components and metabolites from WXF, and proved that the established method could help to explore the effective substances for further research into WXF. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time motion data annotation via action string
Authors: Qi Tian , Xiao Jun , Zhuang Yueting , Zhang Hanzhi , Yang Xiaosong , Zhang Jianjun , Feng Yinfu 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTEven though there is an explosive growth of motion capture data, there is still a lack of efficient and reliable methods to automatically annotate all the motions in a database. Moreover, because of the popularity of mocap devices in home entertainment systems, real‐time human motion annotation or recognition becomes more and more imperative. This paper presents a new motion annotation method that achieves both the aforementioned two targets at the same time. It uses a probabilistic pose feature based on the Gaussian Mixture Model to represent each pose. After training a clustered pose feature model, a motion clip could be represented as an action string. Then, a dynamic programming‐based string matching method is introduced to compare the differences between action strings. Finally, in order to achieve the real‐time target, we construct a hierarchical action string structure to quickly label each given action string. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of our method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exciton Coupling of Surface Complexes on a Nanocrystal Surface
Authors: Xu Xiangxing , Ji Jianwei , Wang Guan , You Xiaozeng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractExciton coupling may arise when chromophores are brought into close spatial proximity. Herein the intra‐nanocrystal exciton coupling of the surface complexes formed by coordination of 8‐hydroxyquinoline to ZnS nanocrystals (NCs) is reported. It is studied by absorption, photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation (PLE), and PL lifetime measurements. The exciton coupling of the surface complexes tunes the PL color and broadens the absorption and PLE windows of the NCs, and thus is a potential strategy for improving the light‐harvesting efficiency of NC solar cells and photocatalysts.
Policy Deliberation and the Trading Zone Metaphor: Evaluating Expert Participation in the Reform of Finnish Waste Policy
Authors: Levänen Jarkko 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPolicy deliberation is considered an integral part of good policy‐making. In many policy sectors, however, the processes of participation are not developed enough to support the potential for policy deliberation. Expert deliberation carried out as a part of a wider policy process creates a challenging situation because participants are simultaneously expected to solve policy problems collectively while coping with the diverse interests of various stakeholder groups. In this article, I evaluate expert participation in three sequences of a waste policy reformulation process. Two of the sequences represent formal expert participation and the third a more informal one. Of particular interest in the evaluation is the participants’ ability to produce novel solutions for politically sensitive policy problems. The analytical framework for the evaluation is built on the trading zone metaphor inspired by Peter Galison's work. The results of the study indicate that the formal sequences of expert participation were characterized by the strategic behaviour of the participants, which made knowledge networking and the generation of novel ideas difficult, whereas the more informal sequence that was organized around one issue at a time was more capable of producing solutions to long‐standing policy problems. Additionally, the sequences with more formal participation did not contain the elements of interactional expertise associated with successful knowledge networking. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Nitrite accumulation and nitrous oxide emission during denitrification processes with quinoline or indole as the sole carbon source
Authors: Wang Lin , Tian Jianqiang , Li Yongmei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBatch experiments were conducted to investigate nitrite accumulation and N2O emission during the denitrification processes when quinoline or indole was used as the sole carbon source. The effects of COD/NO3−‐N ratio and pH were studied.RESULTSWhile both significant transient nitrite accumulation and N2O emission occurred when quinoline was used as the carbon source, little denitrification intermediates were observed when indole was used as the carbon source. The optimal COD/NO3−‐N ratio for both complete denitrification and degradation of quinoline and indole were 6.8 and 5.1. Denitrification was inhibited under acidic conditions no matter with quinoline or indole as the carbon source. The optimal pH was 7.5 for both quinoline (or indole) degradation and denitrification. The nitrite accumulation and different carbon source further influenced N2O emission. When quinoline was used as the carbon source, N2O emission was observed at COD/NO3−‐N ≤ 5 and pH ≤ 7.5; when indole was used as the carbon source, N2O emission was observed at COD/NO3−‐N ≤ 3 and pH ≤ 6.5. Higher concentration of N2O was emitted at lower COD/NO3−‐N ratio and pH.CONCLUSIONCOD/NO3−‐N ratio, pH and the types of carbon source significantly influenced the accumulation of denitrification intermediates. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Combined occurrence of a novel TOR1A and a THAP1 mutation in primary dystonia
Authors: Cheng Fu‐Bo , Feng Jia‐Chun , Ma Ling‐Yan , Miao Jing , Ott Thomas , Wan Xin‐Hua , Grundmann Kathrin 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe ΔGAG deletion of the TOR1A gene (DYT1) is responsible for DYT1 dystonia. However, no other TOR1A mutation has been reported in the Chinese population.MethodsTwo hundred one dystonia patients without the ΔGAG deletion were screened for other mutations in TOR1A. Gene function changes were analyzed by subcellular distribution and luciferase reporter assay.ResultsA novel TOR1A mutation (c.581A>T, p.Asp194Val) was found in a patient with early‐onset segmental dystonia harboring a THAP1 mutation (c.539T>C, p.Leu180Ser). Overexpression of mutant TOR1A Asp194Val protein induces inclusion formation in SK‐N‐AS cell lines, and the repressive activity of the mutant THAP1 Leu180Ser protein on TOR1A gene expression is decreased compared with wild‐type THAP1.ConclusionsThis is the first report about a dystonia patient harboring two distinct dystonia gene mutations. Functional analysis indicated a potential additive effect of these two mutations, which might provoke the occurrence of dystonic symptoms in this patient. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Combination of Morphologic Criteria and α‐Fetoprotein in Selection of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Liver Transplantation Minimizes the Problem of Posttransplant Tumor Recurrence
Authors: Grąt Michał , Kornasiewicz Oskar , Lewandowski Zbigniew , Hołówko Wacław , Grąt Karolina , Kobryń Konrad , Patkowski Waldemar , Zieniewicz Krzysztof , Krawczyk Marek 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundSerum α‐fetoprotein concentration (AFP) might be a useful addition to morphologic criteria for selecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of AFP in selecting HCC patients at minimal risk of posttransplant tumor recurrence in the setting of existing criteria.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was based on 121 HCC patients after LT performed at a single institution. AFP was evaluated as a predictor of posttransplant tumor recurrence with respect to fulfillment of the Milan, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and Up‐to‐7 criteria.ResultsThere was a nearly linear association between AFP and the risk of HCC recurrence (p < 0.001 for linear effect; p = 0.434 for nonlinear effect). AFP predicted HCC recurrence in patients (1) beyond the Milan criteria (p < 0.001; optimal cutoff 200 ng/ml); (2) within the UCSF criteria (p = 0.001; optimal cutoff 100 ng/ml) and beyond them (p = 0.015; optimal cutoff 200 ng/ml); and (3) within the Up‐to‐7 criteria (p = 0.001; optimal cutoff 100 ng/ml) and beyond them (p = 0.023; optimal cutoff 100 ng/ml) but not in patients within the Milan criteria (p = 0.834). Patients within either UCSF and Up‐to‐7 criteria with AFP level <100 ng/ml exhibited superior (100 %) 5‐year recurrence‐free survival—significantly higher than those within UCSF (p = 0.005) or Up‐to‐7 (p = 0.001) criteria with AFP levels higher than the estimated cutoffs or beyond with AFP levels less than the estimated cutoffs.ConclusionsCombining the UCSF and Up‐to‐7 criteria with an AFP level <100 ng/ml is associated with minimal risk of tumor recurrence. Hence, this combination might be useful for selecting HCC patients for LT.
POST-ADOPTION CONTACT REFORM: COMPOUNDING THE STATE-ORDERED TERMINATION OF PARENTHOOD?
Authors: Sloan Brian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Children and Families Act 2014 pursues the twin policies of increasing the number of children adopted out of compulsory state care and reducing the scope for court-ordered contact between such children and their birth families. Building upon previous work by Dr. Kirsty Hughes and me, this paper critically evaluates these reforms to post-adoption contact in view of the fact that adoption terminates the legal relationship of parent and child. Aspects of the analysis include the impact of the proposals on “open adoption” and child welfare in the light of the available empirical evidence, and their compatibility with both the European Convention on Human Rights and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Phage and bacteria support mutual diversity in a narrowing staircase of coexistence
Authors: Haerter Jan O , Mitarai Namiko , Sneppen Kim 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The competitive exclusion principle states that phage diversity M should not exceed bacterial diversity N. By analyzing the steady-state solutions of multistrain equations, we find a new constraint: the diversity N of bacteria living on the same resources is constrained to be M or M+1 in terms of the diversity of their phage predators. We quantify how the parameter space of coexistence exponentially decreases with diversity. For diversity to grow, an open or evolving ecosystem needs to climb a narrowing ‘diversity staircase’ by alternatingly adding new bacteria and phages. The unfolding coevolutionary arms race will typically favor high growth rate, but a phage that infects two bacterial strains differently can occasionally eliminate the fastest growing bacteria. This context-dependent fitness allows abrupt resetting of the ‘Red-Queen’s race’ and constrains the local diversity.
Ultrafast spontaneous emission of copper-doped silicon enhanced by an optical nanocavity
Authors: SUMIKURA HISASHI , KURAMOCHI EIICHI , TANIYAMA HIDEAKI , NOTOMI MASAYA 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDopants in silicon (Si) have attracted attention in the fields of photonics and quantum optics. However, the optical characteristics are limited by the small spontaneous emission rate of dopants in Si. This study demonstrates a large increase in the spontaneous emission rate of copper isoelectronic centres (Cu-IECs) doped into Si photonic crystal nanocavities. In a cavity with a quality factor (Q) of ~16,000, the photoluminescence (PL) lifetime of the Cu-IECs is 1.1 ns, which is 30 times shorter than the lifetime of a sample without a cavity. The PL decay rate is increased in proportion to Q/Vc (Vc is the cavity mode volume), which indicates the Purcell effect. This is the first demonstration of a cavity-enhanced ultrafast spontaneous emission from dopants in Si and it may lead to the development of fast and efficient Si light emitters and Si quantum optical devices based on dopants with efficient optical access.
Accuracy of electronic apex locators in primary teeth: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Ahmad I. A. , Pani S. C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimTo conduct a meta‐analysis on the accuracy of electronic apex locators (EALs) in determining working length in human primary teeth.MethodologyAn electronic literature search was conducted using a combination of the terms ‘primary teeth’, ‘root canal length’ and ‘electronic apex locators’. Additional eligible articles were identified using a manual search. The full texts of identified articles were screened according to inclusion criteria.ResultsOverall, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to further data extraction. Meta‐analysis of studies that reported mean lengths and difference in mean lengths between EAL and actual root canal length (ARCL) revealed a significant difference (P = 0.015) between the two readings whilst those studies that evaluated intraclass correlation (ICC) suggested a high correlation (P < 0.0001) between the EAL and ARCL readings. A subgroup analysis revealed that the presence of root resorption did not affect the accuracy of EALs (P = 0.567).ConclusionElectronic apex locators offer an acceptable level of accuracy in the measurement of root canal length in primary teeth.