bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Multifractal Spectrum Characteristics of Fractal Dimension of Network Traffic and Computer Attacks in IoT
Authors: Sheluhin O. I. , Rybakov S. Y. , Vanyushina A. V. 
Published: July 2024

Relevance. Changes in the fractal dimension of network traffic can serve as an indicator of attacks or anomalous activity. Fractal analysis allows to identify changes in the temporal structure of traffic and signal possible threats. The self-similarity observed over wide time scales indicates the multifractal nature of the anomalies, which requires further study. Thus, the development of methods for detecting and classifying cyber attacks using multifractal analysis is an urgent task to improve information security.The aim of the article. Increasing the efficiency of detection and classification of computer attacks in IoT networks using machine learning methods by expanding the number of attributes characterizing the parameters of the multifractal spectrum of fractal dimension.Research methods: discrete wavelet analysis, multifractal analysis, machine learning, software implementation of a combined multiclass classification method in conjunction with fractal analysis methods.Results. A methodology has been developed for assessing the characteristics of the multifractal spectrum of the fractal dimension of traffic using a sequence of current estimates of the fractal dimension in an analysis window of a fixed length depending on the resolution interval (sampling time). The analytical results of experimental assessments of multifractal analysis of processed processes in IoT networks are presented. The informational significance of additional attributes of computer attacks and normal traffic is assessed for the case of binary and multi-class classification using the Gini index for two cases: without adding a multifractal spectrum of fractal dimension and with the addition of a multifractal spectrum of fractal dimension. It has been shown that the main concentration of the most significant attributes falls on the sampling interval of 500 ms...1.5 s.Novelty. The concept of a multifractal spectrum of fractal dimension is introduced in the form of a sequence of current estimates of the fractal dimension in an analysis window of a fixed length depending on the resolution interval.Practical significance. The presented method for estimating the parameters of a multifractal spectrum of fractal dimension is universal and can be applied in various information systems.
Swarm Robotics System Algorithm for Defense against Coordinated Behavior Strategy Attacks
Authors: Zikratov I. A. , Zikratova T. V. , Novikov E. A. 
Published: July 2024

Problem statement: designing the defense mechanism against coordinated behavior strategy attacks for mobile multiagent robotic systems. Possible attacks of that kind may be carried out by use message interception, creating and transmitting disinformation, and other actions, that does not have identifiable characteristics of saboteur intrusion, and lead to making incorrect or non-optimal decision by group of robots. The purpose of the work: the increase of probability of detection coordinated behavior strategy attacks on mobile multiagent robotic systems. Methods used: proposed algorithm is further development of self organization mechanism, using trust and reputation metrics for detection and counteraction against malicious robots. Accuracy of proposed method is confirmed using imitation model of collective exploration task. The novelty: algorithm is based on quantification of consensus achievement process into consecutive time periods, which is followed by inter- and intraperiod processing of information, produces by robots of the swarm and by malicious robots during communication. The result: experiment shows that the swarm is capable to counteract against coordinated attack of malicious robots, when concentration of malicious units is more than 51 %. The probability of such counteraction is close to 1. Known detection and counteraction methods for destructive informational influence in homogeneous swarms of robots prove to be effective in cases, when concentration of malicious units is less than 45 %. Practical significance: developed algorithm may be used for multiagent robotic systems security system design to protect against attack, executed during interactions between agents of the swarm. Algorithm allows to successfully counteract coordinated attacks similar to «51 percent attack».
REGULATION OF ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN AZERBAIJAN AND ANALYSIS OF ITS CURRENT SITUATION
Authors: HASANOV Umid Fazil oglu 
Published: July 2024

It is noted here that in our country, “entrepreneurial activity” means an activity carried out independently by a person whose main goal is to make a profit from the use of property, the provision of goods, the performance of works or the provision of services.
During the research, many methods were used, including analysis, observation, comparison, statistics, systematization and generalization.
To determine the role of small and medium entrepreneurship in the development of economy in Azerbaijan by conducting comprehensive research based on world experience and to show the steps to be taken in this direction.
It can provide a useful database and the right direction for Small and Medium Enterprises operating in Azerbaijan and its regions. The results of the research can contribute to the efficient operation of Small and Medium Enterprises in Azerbaijan. At the same time, it can be used as a source in the teaching of subjects within the framework of research in universities.
In conclusion, let’s note that the Republic of Azerbaijan’s active commitment to the development of entrepreneurship is demonstrated by hosting and organizing important entrepreneurship forums every year. These initiatives underline the country’s strategic approach to ensuring socio-economic development, particularly by promoting entrepreneurial spirit among the youth. The government of Azerbaijan is active in promoting entrepreneurship, cooperating with various institutions and supporting entrepreneurs.
The II Forum of Young Entrepreneurs, held in Baku in 2021, emphasized the commitment of youth to entrepreneurship in Azerbaijan and the promotion of dialogue between entrepreneurs, government representatives and representatives from both the public and private sectors. Led by multiple stakeholders, the event provided a platform to share success stories and discuss available entrepreneurial support.
ВТРАТИ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ УКРАЇНИ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ ВІЙНИ
Authors: ПАСЄКА Ігор , КІНАШ Ірина 
Published: July 2024

Стаття спрямована на дослідження втрат соціальної інфраструктури під час війни. Серед соціальної інфраструктури виділено: інфраструктуру освіти, охорони здоров’я, культури, спорту, туризму та житлову. Здійснено опис кожної із складових соціальної інфраструктури та досліджено її втрати за час війни. Зроблено висновок, що бойові дії в Україні викликають системні зміни в соціальній інфраструктурі, що призводять до серйозних негативних наслідків для суспільства.
Технологічні передумови та методи вилучення германію на прикладі буровугільних родовищ Закарпаття
Authors: Burlutskyy M. S. 
Published: July 2024

У зв’язку з бурхливим розвитком технологій попит на германій різко підвищився та почалися інтенсивні пошуки джерел його отримання. Виявилось, що головним сировинним джерелом германію може бути викопне вугілля. За прогнозами, до 2030 р. попит на германій становитиме 320–400 т на рік, а його виробництво збiльшиться майже в 1,5 раза. Найбільше зростання очікується в інфрачервоній та волоконній оптиці (5,6 % на рік).Українські вугільні родовища, що характеризуються германієвою металоносністю, на сьогодні не використовуються в повному обсязі за комплексним призначенням. Обсяги споживання у вітчизняному мінерально-сировинному комплексі германію оцінюються на рівні 2–4 т щороку, при цьому Україна в минулі періоди була здатна експортувати в декілька разів більше металу у розвинуті країни Європи й Азії.Метою роботи є вивчення геохімічних особливостей бурого вугілля Закарпаття, аналіз існуючих методів вилучення германію в світі та застосування технологічно можливих та економічно доцільних методів вилучення германію з бурого вугілля цього регіону.В роботі проведено аналіз попередніх досліджень щодо методів вилучення германію з кам’яного та бурого вугілля, зокрема у Закарпатті. Використано матеріали вітчизняних та закордонних авторів, що вивчали це питання в різні роки, в тому числі стосовно родовищ кам’яного та бурого вугілля.
ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE UNTUK KEMANUSIAAN: Pengembangan Konsep Keberagamaan Melalui Chat-GPT sebagai Solusi Krisis Identitas Muslim Urban di Era Digital
Authors: Maliki Ibnu Akbar 
Published: July 2024

Krisis identitas adalah tantangan nyata yang dihadapi Muslim urban di era digital. Tuntan modernitas diiringi kebutuhan spiritual menyebabkan media digital menjadi sumber pemahaman keagamaan mereka. Sayangnya pola keagamaan yang dihasilkan dari interaksi media digital cenderung memperkeruh kondisi umat beragama yang ada dalam struktur masyarakat multikultural. Sebab, media digital kerap kali menjadi arena bagi penyebaran paham radikal dan ekstrem. Di sisi lain, keberadaan Artificial Intelligence (AI) sebagai bagian media digital dapat menjadi alternatif solusi melalui pengembangan pola keberagamaan yang inklusif dan adaptif bagi Muslim urban di era digital. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran ChatGPT sebagai bagian dari AI dalam mengembangkan pola beragama sebagai solusi terhadap krisis identitas yang dihadapi oleh Muslim urban dalam era digital. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi pustaka dengan dua jenis data. Sumber data primer berupa jawaban ChatGPT terhadap perintah yang diinginkan oleh penulis konsep beragama di era digital bagi Muslim urban. Sedangkan data sekunder diperloleh dari literatur terkait khususnya tentang kecerdasan buatan dan prinsip moderasi beragama di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola beragama yang tepat menurut ChatGPT di era digital melibatkan integrasi nilai-nilai keagamaan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Nilai-nilai dasar seperti integritas, penghormatan, tanggung jawab, dan keseimbangan menjadi landasan utama yang disertai dengan memperhatikan kredbilitas sumber pemahaman agama di media digital. Krisis identitas dapat diatasi dengan penguatan identitas keislaman, pengembangan pemikiran kritis, keterlibatan positif dalam masyarakat, dan pembentukan hubungan yang inklusif dengan berbagai kelompok. Konsep beragama tersebut memiliki relevansi dengan nilai-nilai moderasi beragama yang diidentifikasi melalui empat indikator, yaitu komitmen kebangsaan, toleransi, anti-kekerasan, dan akomodatif terhadap kebudayaan lokal
Pembelajaran Sejarah Lokal Dalam Bingkai Multikulturalisme
Authors: Lestari Dewi , Bahri Bahri 
Published: July 2024

Pendidikan multikultural di Indonesia mengakui keberagaman budaya sekaligus memupuk rasa persatuan. Pendidikan merupakan sarana yang sangat efektif untuk menumbuhkan multikulturalisme. Pendidikan sejarah merupakan suatu konsep pendidikan yang berupaya untuk memajukan dan menumbuhkan nilai-nilai multikultural dalam masyarakat Indonesia melalui penggabungan nilai-nilai multikultural dalam pengajaran sejarah lokal, sehingga nilai multikulturalisme dapat di implementasikan pada peserta didik dari SD hingga kampus. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membahas pembelajaran sejarah lokal dalam bingkai multikulturalisme dengan berfokus pada penerapan nilai multikultutarisme, peran guru dalam mengimplementasi nilai multikulturalisme dan pengintegrasian nilai multikulturalisme dalam pembelajaran sejarah lokal. Metode pada penelitian kualitatif pendekataan kepustakaan, data yang di peroleh bersumber dari buku, jurnal, artikel dan ensiklopedia. Temuan penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran sejarah lokal banyak memberikan peserta didik nilai-nilai multikulturalisme salah satunya yaitu saling berhargai satu sama lain walaupun berbeda budaya, ras dan agama.
A matter of sex—persistent predictive value of MECKI score prognostic power in men and women with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a multicenter study
Authors: Grilli Giulia , Salvioni Elisabetta , Moscucci Federica , Bonomi Alice , Sinagra Gianfranco , Schaeffer Michele , Campodonico Jeness , Mapelli Massimo , Rossi Maddalena , Carriere Cosimo , Emdin Michele , Piepoli Massimo , Paolillo Stefania , Senni Michele , Passino Claudio , Apostolo Anna , Re Federica , Santolamazza Caterina , Magrì Damiano , Lombardi Carlo M. , Corrà Ugo , Raimondo Rosa , Cittadini Antonio , Iorio Annamaria , Salzano Andrea , Lagioia Rocco , Vignati Carlo , Badagliacca Roberto , Passantino Andrea , Filardi Pasquale Perrone , Correale Michele , Perna Enrico , Girola Davide , Metra Marco , Cattadori Gaia , Guazzi Marco , Limongelli Giuseppe , Parati Gianfranco , De Martino Fabiana , Matassini Maria Vittoria , Bandera Francesco , Bussotti Maurizio , Scardovi Angela Beatrice , Sciomer Susanna , Agostoni Piergiuseppe ,   MECKI Score Research Group
Published: July 2024

BackgroundA sex-based evaluation of prognosis in heart failure (HF) is lacking.Methods and resultsWe analyzed the Metabolic Exercise test data combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes (MECKI) score registry, which includes HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients. A cross-validation procedure was performed to estimate weights separately for men and women of all MECKI score parameters: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), hemoglobin, kidney function assessed by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, blood sodium level, ventilation vs. carbon dioxide production slope, and peak oxygen consumption (peakVO2). The primary outcomes were the composite of all-cause mortality, urgent heart transplant, and implant of a left ventricle assist device. The difference in predictive ability between the native and sex recalibrated MECKI (S-MECKI) was calculated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve at 2 years and a calibration plot. We retrospectively analyzed 7,900 HFrEF patients included in the MECKI score registry (mean age 61 ± 13 years, 6,456 men/1,444 women, mean LVEF 33% ± 10%, mean peakVO2 56.2% ± 17.6% of predicted) with a median follow-up of 4.05 years (range 1.72–7.47). Our results revealed an unadjusted risk of events that was doubled in men compared to women (9.7 vs. 4.1) and a significant difference in weight between the sexes of most of the parameters included in the MECKI score. S-MECKI showed improved risk classification and accuracy (area under the ROC curve: 0.7893 vs. 0.7799, p = 0.02) due to prognostication improvement in the high-risk settings in both sexes (MECKI score &gt;10 in men and &gt;5 in women).ConclusionsS-MECKI, i.e., the recalibrated MECKI according to sex-specific differences, constitutes a further step in the prognostic assessment of patients with severe HFrEF.
Admission blood glucose and 30-day mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: prognostic significance in individuals with and without diabetes
Authors: Hu Jing , Yang Hongyi , Yu Meng , Yu Changhui , Qiu Jiajun , Xie Guobo , Sheng Guotai , Kuang Maobin , Zou Yang 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveDiabetes is a significant risk factor for acute heart failure, associated with an increased risk of mortality. This study aims to analyze the prognostic significance of admission blood glucose (ABG) on 30-day mortality in Chinese patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), with or without diabetes.MethodsThis retrospective study included 1,462 participants from the JX-ADHF1 cohort established between January 2019 to December 2022. We conducted multivariate cox regression, restricted cubic spline, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and mediation analysis to explore the association and potential mechanistic pathways (inflammation, oxidative stress, and nutrition) between ABG and 30-day mortality in ADHF patients, with and without diabetes.ResultsDuring the 30-day follow-up, we recorded 20 (5.36%) deaths in diabetic subjects and 33 (3.03%) in non-diabetics. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that ABG was independently associated with 30-day mortality in ADHF patients, with a stronger association in diabetics than non-diabetics (hazard ratio: Model 1: 1.71 vs 1.16; Model 2: 1.26 vs 1.19; Model 3: 1.65 vs 1.37; Model 4: 1.76 vs 1.33). Further restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a U-shaped relationship between ABG and 30-day mortality in non-diabetic ADHF patients (P for non-linearity &lt; 0.001), with the lowest risk at ABG levels approximately between 5-7 mmol/L. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that ABG had a higher predictive accuracy for 30-day mortality in diabetics (area under curve = 0.8751), with an optimal threshold of 13.95mmol/L. Finally, mediation analysis indicated a significant role of inflammation in ABG-related 30-day mortality in ADHF, accounting for 11.15% and 8.77% of the effect in diabetics and non-diabetics, respectively (P-value of proportion mediate &lt; 0.05).ConclusionOur study confirms that ABG is a vital indicator for assessing and predicting 30-day mortality risk in ADHF patients with diabetes. For ADHF patients, both with and without diabetes, our evidence suggests that physicians should be alert and closely monitor any changes in patient conditions when ABG exceeds 13.95 mmol/L for those with diabetes and 7.05 mmol/L for those without. Timely adjustments in therapeutic strategies, including endocrine and anti-inflammatory treatments, are advisable.
Stress hyperglycemia ratio and the clinical outcome of patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Liang , Zhao Zhikun , Wang Shasha , Wang Jiajia 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundStress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) is a newly suggested measure of stress-induced hyperglycemia that combines both short-term and long-term glycemic conditions. The study aimed to explore the association between SHR and the incidence of adverse clinical events with heart failure (HF) through a meta-analysis.MethodsCohort studies relevant to the aim of the meta-analysis were retrieved by search of electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and CNKI. A random-effects model was used to combine the data by incorporating the influence of between-study heterogeneity.ResultsTen studies involving 15250 patients with HF were included. Pooled results showed that compared to patients with lower SHR at baseline, those with a higher SHR were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality during follow-up (risk ratio [RR]: 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17 to 2.21, p = 0.003; I2 = 82%). Further meta-regression analysis suggests that different in the cutoff of SHR significantly modify the results (coefficient = 1.22, p = 0.02), and the subgroup analysis suggested a more remarkable association between SHR and all-cause mortality in studies with cutoff of SHR ≥ 1.05 than those with cutoff of SHR &lt; 1.05 (RR: 2.29 versus 1.08, p for subgroup difference &lt; 0.001). Subsequent meta-analyses also showed that a high SHR at baseline was related to the incidence of cardiovascular death (RR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.55 to 3.09, p &lt; 0.001; I2 = 0%), HF-rehospitalization (RR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.44 to 2.33, p &lt; 0.001; I2 = 0%), and major adverse cardiovascular events (RR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.06, p = 0.004; I2 = 74%) during follow-up.ConclusionA high SHR at baseline is associated with a poor clinical prognosis of patients with HF.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com, identifier INPLASY202430080.
Investigating the complex interplay between fibroblast activation protein α-positive cancer associated fibroblasts and the tumor microenvironment in the context of cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Kraxner Anton , Braun Franziska , Cheng Wei-Yi , Yang Tai-Hsien Ou , Pipaliya Shweta , Canamero Marta , Andersson Emilia , Harring Suzana Vega , Dziadek Sebastian , Bröske Ann-Marie E. , Ceppi Maurizio , Tanos Tamara , Teichgräber Volker , Charo Jehad 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThis study investigates the role of Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP)-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (FAP+CAF) in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment, focusing on its association with immune cell functionality and cytokine expression patterns.MethodsUtilizing immunohistochemistry, we observed elevated FAP+CAF density in metastatic versus primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors, with higher FAP+CAF correlating with increased T cell infiltration in RCC, a unique phenomenon illustrating the complex interplay between tumor progression, FAP+CAF density, and immune response.ResultsAnalysis of immune cell subsets in FAP+CAF-rich stromal areas further revealed significant correlations between FAP+ stroma and various T cell types, particularly in RCC and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This was complemented by transcriptomic analyses, expanding the range of stromal and immune cell subsets interrogated, as well as to additional tumor types. This enabled evaluating the association of these subsets with tumor infiltration, tumor vascularization and other components of the tumor microenvironment. Our comprehensive study also encompassed cytokine, angiogenesis, and inflammation gene signatures across different cancer types, revealing heterogeneous cellular composition, cytokine expressions and angiogenic profiles. Through cytokine pathway profiling, we explored the relationship between FAP+CAF density and immune cell states, uncovering potential immunosuppressive circuits that limit anti-tumor activity in tumor-resident immune cells.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the complexity of tumor biology and the necessity for personalized therapeutic and patient enrichment approaches. The insights gathered from FAP+CAF prevalence, immune infiltration, and gene signatures provide valuable perspectives on tumor microenvironments, aiding in future research and clinical strategy development.