bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donor Brain Death Exacerbates Complement-Dependent Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Transplanted Hearts
Authors: Atkinson Carl , Floerchinger Bernhard , Qiao Fei , Casey Sarah , Williamson Tucker , Moseley Ellen , Stoica Serban , Goddard Martin , Ge Xupeng , Tullius Stefan G. , Tomlinson Stephen 
Published: February 2013

Background—
Brain death (BD) can immunologically prime the donor organ and is thought to lead to exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury after transplantation. Using a newly developed mouse model of BD, we investigated the effect of donor BD on posttransplantation cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. We further investigated the therapeutic effect of a targeted complement inhibitor in recipients of BD donor hearts and addressed the clinical relevance of these studies by analyzing human heart biopsies from BD and domino (living) donors.

Methods and Results—
Hearts from living or BD donor C57BL/6 mice were transplanted into C57BL/6 or BALB/c recipients. Recipient mice were treated with the complement inhibitor CR2-Crry or vehicle control (n=6). Isografts were analyzed 48 hours after transplantation for injury, inflammation, and complement deposition, and allografts were monitored for graft survival. Human cardiac biopsies were analyzed for complement deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration. In the murine model, donor BD exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury and graft rejection, as demonstrated by increased myocardial injury, serum cardiac troponin, cellular infiltration, complement deposition, inflammatory chemokine and cytokine levels, and by decreased graft survival. CR2-Crry treatment of recipients significantly reduced all measured outcomes in grafts from both BD and living donors compared with controls. Analysis of human samples documented the relevance of our experimental findings and revealed exacerbated complement deposition and inflammation in grafts from BD donors compared with grafts from living donors.

Conclusions—
BD exacerbates posttransplantation cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice and humans and decreases survival of mouse allografts. Furthermore, targeted complement inhibition in recipient mice ameliorates BD-exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Safety of Thrombolysis in Stroke Mimics
Authors: Zinkstok Sanne M. , Engelter Stefan T. , Gensicke Henrik , Lyrer Philippe A. , Ringleb Peter A. , Artto Ville , Putaala Jukka , Haapaniemi Elena , Tatlisumak Turgut , Chen Yaohua , Leys Didier , Sarikaya Hakan , Michel P. , Odier Céline , Berrouschot Jörg , Arnold Marcel , Heldner Mirjam R. , Zini Andrea , Fioravanti Valentina , Padjen Visnja , Beslac-Bumbasirevic Ljiljana , Pezzini Alessandro , Roos Yvo B. , Nederkoorn Paul J. 
Published: February 2013

Background and Purpose—
Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke is beneficial within 4.5 hours of symptom onset, but the effect rapidly decreases over time, necessitating quick diagnostic in-hospital work-up. Initial time strain occasionally results in treatment of patients with an alternate diagnosis (stroke mimics). We investigated whether intravenous thrombolysis is safe in these patients.

Methods—
In this multicenter observational cohort study containing 5581 consecutive patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis, we determined the frequency and the clinical characteristics of stroke mimics. For safety, we compared the symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II [ECASS-II] definition) rate of stroke mimics with ischemic strokes.

Results—
One hundred stroke mimics were identified, resulting in a frequency of 1.8% (95% confidence interval, 1.5–2.2). Patients with a stroke mimic were younger, more often female, and had fewer risk factors except smoking and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. The symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rate in stroke mimics was 1.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.0–5.0) compared with 7.9% (95% confidence interval, 7.2–8.7) in ischemic strokes.

Conclusions—
In experienced stroke centers, among patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis, only a few had a final diagnosis other than stroke. The complication rate in these stroke mimics was low.
Atrial Fibrillation is Associated With Reduced Brain Volume and Cognitive Function Independent of Cerebral Infarcts
Authors: Stefansdottir Hrafnhildur , Arnar David O. , Aspelund Thor , Sigurdsson Sigurdur , Jonsdottir Maria K. , Hjaltason Haukur , Launer Lenore J. , Gudnason Vilmundur 
Published: February 2013

Background and Purpose—
Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been associated with cognitive decline independent of stroke, suggesting additional effects of AF on the brain. We aimed to assess the association between AF and brain function and structure in a general elderly population.

Methods—
This is a cross-sectional analysis of 4251 nondemented participants (mean age, 76±5 years) in the population-based Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study. Medical record data were collected for the presence, subtype, and time from first diagnosis of AF; 330 participants had AF. Brain volume measurements, adjusted for intracranial volume, and presence of cerebral infarcts were determined with magnetic resonance imaging. Memory, speed of processing, and executive function composites were calculated from a cognitive test battery. In a multivariable linear regression model, adjustments were made for demographic factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and cerebral infarcts.

Results—

Participants with AF had lower total brain volume compared with those without AF (
P
<0.001). The association was stronger with persistent/permanent than paroxysmal AF and with increased time from the first diagnosis of the disease. Of the brain tissue volumes, AF was associated with lower volume of gray and white matter hyperintensities (
P
<0.001 and
P
=0.008, respectively), but not of white matter hyperintensities (
P
=0.49). Participants with AF scored lower on tests of memory.

Conclusions—
AF is associated with smaller brain volume, and the association is stronger with increasing burden of the arrhythmia. These findings suggest that AF has a cumulative negative effect on the brain independent of cerebral infarcts.
Assessing Human Rights in Russia: Not to Miss the Forest for the Trees A Response to Preclik, Schönfeld and Hallinan
Authors: Starzhenetskii Vladislav 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLooking fourteen years into the past, Russia has made enormous progress in reforming its legal system in order to ensure human-rights protection under the Convention. This process of reform is still ongoing. The causes of the existing difficulties in the area of human-rights protection are better explained in terms of difficulties with implementation of standards in the Russian legal system rather than any antagonism between Russian and European human-rights attitudes. There are several groups of violations of the ECHR that need to be analyzed separately because of the different nature of the problems. Some of them reflect structural and practical problems of the Russian legal system immanent in a transition period of reforms and of the dismantling of old regulations and attitudes; others may be accounted for by the lack of proper (efficient, adequate and balanced) measures and solutions to address the numerous new challenges that Russian society is facing after the collapse of the Soviet Union. There are many examples that provide evidence that Russia is trying to amend its legal and political system to meet the requirements of the Convention.
When Jurisprudence Becomes Law: How Italian Colonial Judges in Libya Turned Islamic Law and Customary Practice into Binding Legal Precedent
Authors: Gazzini Claudia 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This paper considers the way in which Italian authorities introduced jurisprudence of the Court of Appeals as a source of law in Libya from 1911 to 1943. Aimed at resolving the tensions that resulted from the interplay between local customs, Islamic law, and the Italian legal codes, such a recourse to jurisprudence was a clear departure from Italy’s own code-based legal system. This judicial innovation was also a change from the practices introduced in British and French colonies, where the codification of a hybrid European-local law had become the norm. Divided into three parts—jurisprudence as source of law in Italy, its uses in the colonies, and jurisprudence in practice (through the analysis of the sentences on shuf ʿa, the customary right of pre-emption)—this article illustrates Italian jurisprudential law in Libya as an example of the theoretical problems and practical advantages of legal pluralism in a colonial context.
Cet article examine comment les autorités italiennes ont introduit la jurisprudence émanant de la Cour d’appel en tant que source de droit en Libye de 1911 à 1943. Destiné à résoudre les tensions qui ont résulté de l’interaction entre les coutumes locales, le droit islamique et les codes juridiques italiennes, un tel recours à la jurisprudence était clairement une rupture avec le système basé sur les codes juridiques en usage en Italie. Cette innovation judiciaire était également différente des pratiques introduites dans les colonies britanniques et française, où la codification d’un hybride euro-locale était devenue la norme. Divisé en trois parties—la jurisprudence comme source de droit en Italie, ses utilisations dans les colonies, et la jurisprudence dans la pratique (à travers l’analyse des décisions sur le shuf ʿa, droit coutumier de préemption)—cet article illustre le droit jurisprudentiel italien en Libye comme un exemple des problèmes théoriques et des avantages pratiques du pluralisme juridique dans un contexte colonial.
The Time of Dishonour: Land and Murder under Colonial Rule in the Tian Shan
Authors: Jacquesson Svetlana 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this article I try to uncover the reasons for false accusations of murder, instigated murders, and staged murders among the Tian Shan Kyrgyz under Russian colonial rule. Towards this end, I read, contrapuntally, field data, ethnohistorical accounts, colonial statutory laws, and colonial ethnography. I argue that colonial interventions—namely, the hybrid adjudication of murders, the newly designed system of self-government, and the imposition of an arbitrary land-rights regime—correlated in unexpected ways and triggered instigated and staged murders and false accusations of murder as an extreme recourse in defence of land-use rights. I conclude by relating the particular legal setting of Russian colonial rule to its representation as “the time of dishonour.”
Dans cet article j’essaie d’élucider les fausses accusations de meurtre, les meurtres prémédités et les meurtres simulés attestés parmi les Kirghiz du Tian Shan à l’époque colonial. A cette fin, j’analyse des récits ethno-historiques, les lois statutaires coloniales et les écrits des ethnographes coloniaux. Je soutiens que des interventions coloniales, telles le jugement hybride des meurtres, le système d’auto-gouvernance nouvellement introduit et la gestion ambiguë de la terre, se combinent de façon inattendue pour produire les meurtres bizarres comme ultime remède aux injustices terriennes. Dans les conclusions, je relie l’environnement légal de la domination coloniale à sa représentation comme “le temps de déshonneur.”
Torn Flesh: Julia Kristeva and the Givenness of the Stranger
Authors: Purcell Elyse 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe lived body—or the flesh—in phenomenological thought, has always served to locate the individual unity of personhood, or perceptual experience, or at least one’s objective unity in the lived world. It has been what makes me “who” I am, my individuating facticity. Jean-Luc Marion, in particular, describes the capacity of the flesh to exceed all forms of phenomenological manifestation as a saturated phenomenon. The aim of this essay is to question this status of the flesh by way of an investigation into the work of Julia Kristeva’s account of the foreigner and maternity. It is argued that the status of the flesh as an individuating process is rather a dividing process, which is mediated through my relation to the other. A new Kristevan ethic is sketched.
Real Living Painting: Quasi-Objects and Dividuation in the Byzantine World
Authors: Peers Glenn 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines an issue that has troubled Byzantine art historians: what Byzantines meant by “living painting.” It attempts to simplify the problem by accepting the sources at face value (painting was indeed alive) and to complicate our understanding of painting (painting occupied a subject-position just as fully as humans did). It uses the notion of ‘dividuals,’ which are opposed to discrete entities like individuals, and of ‘quasi-object,’ so that painting, metal work, stones, and people all appeared in some fashion as objects, but only superficially so. The cases used to establish this position include: Michael Psellos on paintings of Christ; Eucharistic chalices, divine geology and bloods of Christ; and the miraculous stories of interchanging identities among icons and persons. In this way, this article argues for an understanding of Byzantine materiality as relational; it assumed a participatory aspect among all things and persons in that world.
Absolute Art: Nicolas of Cusa’s De Visione Dei
Authors: Conty Arianne 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNicolas of Cusa’s fifteenth-century textDe Visione Deirepresents his most far-reaching illustration of communication between finite “quantum” vision and the infinite spherical vision of God. Written to accompany a visual experiment, the text instructs the monks of Tegernsee to circumambulate an all-seeing icon of God. Developing the concept of infinite space that had found a geometrical representation in the vanishing point, Cusa places it within God’s eye, which retains its medieval and religious function by gazing out of the painting at the monk according to inverse perspective. This text thus constructs a veritable sociology of belief, in which believing the word of the other, of the community, is necessary for each individual’s understanding of God. In this sense, there can be no unmediated experience of the divine, for God, as infinite and absolute, cannot be reduced to a single perspective. Cusa’s experiment shows us that we cannot live together in a community based upon what we see, for what we see cannot be shared. It is only our trust in the word of others that can testify to an invisible and universal meaning. Sharing this meaning in language effectively founds the social order.
The Mystery of the Charity of Geoffrey Hill
Authors: Weinfield Henry 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This essay is essentially an analysis of Geoffrey Hill’s long and difficult poem of 1983, “The Mystery of the Charity of Charles Péguy,” a poem that confronts the advent of modernity and the ambiguities of history by focusing on the dilemmas that the French poet and journalist named in its title faced on the eve of World War 1. Hill sees Péguy as embracing a version of Christian fatalism, and so too his own attitude toward history is deeply fatalistic in the poem. If there is a saving grace for Hill, it is not in history, which remains forever unresolved, but in poetry.
‘Illegal’ Migration as Resistance: Legality, Morality and Coercion in Indonesian Domestic Worker Migration to Malaysia
Authors: Killias Olivia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article explores dominant discourses on ‘illegal’ migrants in the context of contemporary Indonesian labour migration to Malaysia. By focusing on the particular case of migrant domestic workers, it discusses recent political moves undertaken by both nation-states to regularise migratory movements. These state-induced efforts at regularising transnational migration have been promoted as combating trafficking and ‘illegal’ migration, but they have led to the legitimisation of a migration scheme that has much in common with colonial indentured labour. Hence, the paper argues that this ‘legal,’ state-sanctioned migration scheme gradually leads domestic workers into ‘legal’ — but bonded — labour arrangements and that the labour contract, as such, needs to be analysed as an instrument of subordination. Through the counter-narrative of Arum, an Indonesian domestic worker performing her work ‘illegally’ in Malaysia, the paper then goes on to argue that to migrate through ‘illegal’ migration channels can be interpreted as an act of voluntarily circumventing the ‘legal,’ state-sanctioned migration scheme. Thus, ‘illegal’ migration can be equated with deliberately resisting a coercive system.
Negotiating (In)dependency: Social Journeys of Vietnamese Women to Cambodia
Authors: Nguyn Phi Vân Evelyne , Gironde Christophe 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSince the issue of human trafficking is subject to judicial, moral and political constraints, this research chose to study Vietnamese sex workers in Phnom Penh as a common migration phenomenon in order to see when, how and why some women ended up in situations of bondage. On the basis of four months of research in the Mekong delta, the paper explores the journeys leading Vietnamese women to Phnom Penh. It concurs with the recent literature that debt-bonded sex work is not always an unending situation and that it could be an effective means to cope with socio-cultural pressures. We argue that, in addition to labour arrangements, some women find in sex work a way to deal with their (in)dependency with regards to their families, achieving greater control over their resources and experimenting different meanings of womanhood. Far from denying human trafficking, the paper tries to explore the grey area that lies between this extreme and voluntary migration. While the results of this research are not representative of the whole phenomenon, we argue that these few elements help explain why women keep taking the risks of migration for sex work and expose themselves to situations of bonded labour.
Al-Tawassuṭ wa-l I‘tidāl: The NU and Moderatism in Indonesian Islam
Authors: Burhani Ahmad Najib 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Moderate Islam is a paradox. In the United States, Muslim intellectuals and activists use this term with super caution and reservation, avoid it when possible. In contrast to that, their counterparts in Indonesia enthusiastically and proudly claim to be the champions of moderate Islam. The question is why those intellectuals and activists from the same religion but coming from different continent and type of country responded the idea of moderate Islam differently, if not contradistinctively. Given that this term is commonly used as a translation of Qur’anic term umma wasaṭ, it is also important to ask the meaning of this term in Islamic history, how Muslim exegetes throughout Islam history conceptualise umma wasaṭ? And finally, how Indonesian Muslims define moderatism after the 9/11 and what are the criteria of moderate Islam in their views? By analysing the concept of moderate Islam as adopted by the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the largest Islamic movement in Indonesia, this article shows that the meaning moderate in Indonesia is more theological, while in the US it is more political. Moderate Islam in Indonesia is more related to the doctrine of Aswaja, while in the US this notion has more connection with George W. Bush’s ‘war on terror.’
Malaysia’s Coming Out! Critical Cosmopolitans, Religious Politics and Democracy
Authors: Muniandy Parthiban 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This paper explores the rise of new social movements in Malaysia in the past year, with special focus on the transformations in civil society and the changing face of politics in the country. Recently, proselytisation and LGBT rights have become deeply politicised as a result of a revival in public activism and mobilisation. Here, I examine the discourse surrounding these issues through analyses of NGO websites, press releases, news articles and other sources. The analyses reveal three emergent themes beginning with the fragmentation of Islamic authority following experiments with state Islamism, the cosmopolitanisation of a society in a post-Islamist phase and finally, the increasing public visibility of social and political movements. I argue that Malaysian society is experiencing a shift from traditional ethnic politics to more critical cosmopolitan struggles, highlighting the encounter with globalisation and heightened awareness within public consciousness of the visible presence of minority communities in society.
Description of the bark beetle associated nematodes Micoletzkya masseyi n. sp. and M. japonica n. sp. (Nematoda: Diplogastridae)
Authors: Susoy Vladislav , Kanzaki Natsumi , Herrmann Matthias 
Published: February 2013

Micoletzkya masseyi n. sp. and M. japonica n. sp. from bark beetles Orthotomicus caelatus and Dryocoetes uniseriatus, respectively, are described based on morphology and molecular data. Both species are gonochoristic and can be cultured monoxenically on bacteria. Micoletzkya masseyi n. sp. is differentiated from other species of the genus by a very short male tail, P6-P8 genital papillae arranged in a triangle and with P7 being closer to P8 than to P6, and a conoid female tail to a sharp terminus. Micoletzkya japonica n. sp. is distinct from other Micoletzkya species by the arrangement of its male papillae such that P6 and P7 are close to each other and P8 is positioned apart from them, a conoid male tail with a spicate terminus, and a small gubernaculum (ca 11 μm in length). Phylogeny of the genus was inferred using nucleotide sequences of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, COI, and two ribosomal protein genes. Biological data for the new species are presented and the associations between Micoletzkya species and bark beetles are discussed.
Selective feeding in nematodes: a stable isotope analysis of bacteria and algae as food sources for free-living nematodes
Authors: Estifanos Tafesse Kefyalew , Traunspurger Walter , Peters Lars 
Published: February 2013

Laboratory experiments with stable isotopes (13C and 15N) were conducted to determine the importance of bacteria and algae as food sources for free-living nematodes. All tested bacterivorous nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans, Acrobeloides tricornis, Poikilolaimus sp. and Panagrolaimus sp.) were found to be depleted in δ13C (on average by −1.71 ± 0.56‰) and enriched in δ15N (on average by 3.17 ± 1.27‰) relative to their bacterial diets of Escherichia coli and Matsuebacter sp. The nematode species showed considerable differences in their stable isotope composition with respect to food sources. Moreover, they differed significantly in δ13C and δ15N values when placed on the same bacterial diet of E. coli, consistent with differences in their trophic shifts. Conversely, no differences in δ13C values were observed among nematode species placed on the same Matsuebacter sp. diet. In mixed food sources of E. coli and Matsuebacter sp., E. coli contributed 71% of the carbon to C. elegans and Matsuebacter sp. more than 90% of the carbon to A. tricornis. An enrichment experiment based on 13C-enriched NaH13CO3, 13C6-glucose and 15N-enriched Na15NO3 tracers in a freshwater periphytic community showed the importance of micro-algae and diatoms over heterotrophic bacteria as the main food sources of free-living periphytic nematodes. In this respect, direct grazing may predominate, possibly together with the use of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from diatoms. In general, the use of stable isotopes to study nematode feeding ecology can be useful to investigate directly the type of ingested food item(s), different bacteria and algae, and the contribution to nematode diet, in addition to the conventional feeding type scheme.