bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐dose CD34+ cells are not clinically relevant in reducing cytopenia and blood component consumption following myeloablative therapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation as compared with standard dose
Authors: Lefrère François , Delarue Richard , Somme Dominique , Levy Vincent , Damaj Gandhi , Tu Angela , Porcher Raphael , Audat Françoise , Boulat Claire , Cavazzana‐Calvo Marine , Buzyn Agnès , Belanger Coralie , Maillard Natacha , Hermine Olivier , Varet Bruno 
Published: July 2002

BACKGROUND: No agreement exists about the number of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) to transfuse for optimal hematologic recovery after high‐dose chemotherapy. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To determine CD34+ cell dosage following high‐dose chemotherapy (in terms of hematologic recovery and blood component consumption), the effects of two schedules of CD34+ cell transfusions in a cohort of patients with myeloma or non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma were examined. Forty patients (Group 1) received between 2.5 and 5 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg, with a median of 3.4 × 106 per kg following high‐dose chemotherapy, and 40 patients (Group 2), selected to match Group 1 for age, diagnosis, prior therapies, and procedure for PBPC mobilization, received a dose of CD34+ cells >5 × 106 per kg, with a median of 8.4 × 106 per kg (5‐33). RESULTS: The median number of days to achieve a neutrophil count of >0.5 × 109 per L and unsupported platelets of >20 × 109 per L was identical for the two groups, but the time required to reach 1.5 × 109 neutrophils per L and 50 × 109 platelets per L was greatly delayed in Group 1. No significant difference was observed for the median number of RBC and platelet transfusions, or for the proportion of patients in each group that did not require either platelet or RBC transfusions. CONCLUSION: Our data confirm a dose–response relationship between CD34+ cell dose transfused and time to hematologic recovery after high‐dose chemotherapy. However, the minimal Hb and platelet counts for transfusion independence in the two groups are similar when the CD34+ cell dose is greater than 5 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg. Therefore, our data suggest that it is not necessary to go on with apheresis procedures after 5 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg are harvested to sustain one high‐dose chemotherapy.
Collection of autologous monocytes for dendritic cell vaccination therapy in metastatic melanoma patients
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Duc , Eichler Hermann , Sucker Antje , Hofmann Udo , Schadendorf Dirk , Klüter Harald 
Published: July 2002

BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) for immunotherapy of malignant melanoma can be generated from partially enriched monocytes prepared from PBMNCs. The feasibility of a single steady‐state leukapheresis procedure to enrich monocytes for a complete vaccination series with up to 10 vaccinations was investigated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty‐eight patients (27 males and 11 females) with metastatic melanoma were enrolled in the study. All leukapheresis procedures were performed by a continuous flow method (Spectra, Cobe BCT) with a standard MNC program. RESULTS: An average of 11.7 L (range, 8‐14 L) of whole blood was processed within 197.3 ± 23.7 minutes, and a mean of 13.5 ± 5.7 × 109 WBCs in a final volume of 191.0 ± 24.2 mL was collected. The MNC purity in the apheresis component was 81.5 ± 15.1 percent, from which 29.8 ± 14.7 percent were monocytes. Thus, 11.0 ± 5.0 × 109 MNCs and 3.2 ± 2.0 × 109 monocytes were collected per procedure. Linear regression analysis revealed a high correlation between the absolute number of monocytes in peripheral blood before the apheresis procedure and the number of monocytes in the collected component (r = 0.74, p < 0.0001). For the generation of DCs, 1.6 ± 0.8 × 109 MNCs were plated into culture dishes; 3.2 ± 1.8 percent of the cultured cells matured to DCs, which resulted in 56.5 ± 49.4 × 106 DCs (range, 6.3‐178) per patient for the complete vaccination series. CONCLUSION: A target dose of monocytes for the complete vaccination series could be obtained by a single convenient, safe, steady‐state leukapheresis procedure in each patient without the need for G–CSF mobilization. The absolute number of monocytes in peripheral blood before the apheresis procedure is the best predictive variable for the yield of monocytes in the apheresis component.
Efficacy and Safety of Levetiracetam in Children with Partial Seizures: An Open‐label Trial
Authors: Glauser Tracy A. , Pellock John M. , Bebin E. Martina , Fountain Nathan B. , Ritter Frank J. , Jensen Christof M. , Shields W. Donald 
Published: July 2002

Summary:  Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (LEV) as adjunctive therapy in children with treatment‐resistant partial‐onset seizures.Methods: Children (aged 6–12 years) with treatment‐resistant partial‐onset seizures receiving one standard antiepileptic drug (AED) were eligible. After a 4‐week baseline period, children received LEV in a 6‐week titration phase (target dose, 40 mg/kg/day) followed by an 8‐week evaluation phase. Seizure frequency during the evaluation period with individualized LEV doses (20–40 mg/kg/day) were compared with the 4‐week baseline seizure frequency. Plasma concentrations of LEV and other AEDs were determined to evaluate potential drug interactions.Results: Twenty‐four subjects enrolled and received LEV; 23 entered the evaluation phase, and 22 completed the evaluation phase. Compared with their baseline seizure frequency, 12 (52%) of 23 subjects entering the evaluation phase had their seizure frequency decrease by >50%. Two subjects remained seizure free during the entire evaluation period. LEV did not significantly affect plasma concentrations of any concomitant AED during this study, and no alteration of mean clinical laboratory values was observed. The most commonly reported adverse events were headache, infection, anorexia, and somnolence.Conclusions: This open‐label study of adjunctive LEV therapy (at 20–40 mg/kg/day) suggests that LEV is effective, safe, and well tolerated in children ages 6–12 years with treatment‐resistant partial‐onset seizures. A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial of LEV adjunctive therapy in children with treatment‐resistant partial‐onset seizures is needed and ongoing to confirm these open‐label findings.
Low‐pressure Hydrocephalic State Complicating Hemispherectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Daniel Roy Thomas , Lee Gabriel Y. F. , Halcrow Stephen J. 
Published: July 2002

Summary: Low‐pressure hydrocephalic state (LPHS) has only recently been described as a distinct clinical entity occurring in patients with bioatrophic lesions of the brain. We report a patient in whom this syndrome developed after subtotal hemispherectomy for intractable epilepsy.Methods: A 30‐year‐old man developed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea after subtotal hemispherectomy. After repair of the CSF dural fistula, clinical and radiological features of an LPHS developed. After external ventricular drainage for 26 days, a programmable low‐pressure shunt system was instituted.Results: Worsening neurologic status and ventriculomegaly in the face of normal intraventricular pressures is diagnostic of this condition. The clinical status clearly correlated with ventricular size and not ventricular pressure.Conclusion: LPHS is a clinically significant perioperative complication that rarely occurs after large brain excisions. Restoration of the baseline brain compliance is critical in the management of this condition.
Extent of digestion affects the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Mukabana W.R. , Takken W. , Seda P. , Killeen G.F. , Hawley W.A. , Knols B.G.J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe success of distinguishing blood meal sources of Anopheles gambiae Giles through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification at the TC-11 and VWA human short tandem repeats (STR) loci. Blood meal size and locus had no significant effect on the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals digested for 0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 h (P = 0.85 and 0.26 respectively). However, logistic regression found a significant negative relationship between time since ingestion and the success probability of obtaining positive PCR products among meals digested for between 8 and 32 h (P = 0.001). Approximately 80% of fresh blood meals were successfully profiled. After 8 h, the proportion of blood meals that could be successfully profiled decreased slowly with time after ingestion, dropping to below 50% after approximately 15 h. There was no significant difference in the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals of mosquitoes killed at time 0 and 8 h after ingestion (P = 0.272).
Overseeing organizations: configuring action and its environment
Authors: Heath Christian , Luff Paul , Svensson Marcus Sanchez 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTDespite the widespread deployment of CCTV through most major cities and towns in great Britain, and the importance of surveillance to contemporary debates within the social sciences, there remains relatively little detailed research concerned with the practical use of these technologies in the workplace. In this paper, we examine how personnel in the operation rooms in London Underground use CCTV and related equipment to identify problems and events and to develop a co‐ordinated response. In particular, we consider how personnel configure scenes to make sense of and interpret the conduct of the travelling public in organizationally relevant ways, and how they shape the ways in which both passengers and staff see and respond to each others’ actions. In addressing how personnel constitute the sense and significance of CCTV images, we reflect on the development of information processing systems which are designed to automatically detect conduct and events.
John Bates Clark's Defense of Mandatory Arbitration and Minimum Wage Legislation
Authors: Prasch Robert E. 
Published: July 2002

The ideal of Political Economy is not unrestricted competition, but competition that is truly free, because controlled by justice and by law. The distinction between freedom and license needs to be preserved in this department of political philosophy. With that distinction clearly maintained, we may still retain, in economics as in politics, our beautiful watchword, liberty (John Bates Clark 1879, p. 167).John Bates Clark has had a formidable impact on the development of economic theory and the theory of income distribution. In addition, Clark's marginal product theory of distribution has often played an instrumental role in the defense oflaissez-fairepolicies. His theory has been used to criticize a wide variety of market interventions, including minimum wage legislation. As a result it is not surprising that Clark's theory of income distribution, and Clark himself, have drawn more than a few critics.
Modelling biological processes using workflow and Petri Net models
Authors: Peleg Mor , Yeh Iwei , Altman Russ B. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: Biological processes can be considered at many levels of detail, ranging from atomic mechanism to general processes such as cell division, cell adhesion or cell invasion. The experimental study of protein function and gene regulation typically provides information at many levels. The representation of hierarchical process knowledge in biology is therefore a major challenge for bioinformatics. To represent high-level processes in the context of their component functions, we have developed a graphical knowledge model for biological processes that supports methods for qualitative reasoning.
Results: We assessed eleven diverse models that were developed in the fields of software engineering, business, and biology, to evaluate their suitability for representing and simulating biological processes. Based on this assessment, we combined the best aspects of two models: Workflow/Petri Net and a biological concept model. The Workflow model can represent nesting and ordering of processes, the structural components that participate in the processes, and the roles that they play. It also maps to Petri Nets, which allow verification of formal properties and qualitative simulation. The biological concept model, TAMBIS, provides a framework for describing biological entities that can be mapped to the workflow model. We tested our model by representing malaria parasites invading host erythrocytes, and composed queries, in five general classes, to discover relationships among processes and structural components. We used reachability analysis to answer queries about the dynamic aspects of the model.
Availability: The model is available at http://smi.stanford.edu/projects/helix/pubs/process-model/
Contact: peleg@smi.stanford.eduyeh@smi.stanford.eduruss.altman@stanford.edu
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Arrayplot for visualization and normalization of cDNA microarray data
Authors: Marc Philippe , Jacq Claude 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: Arrayplot is an application which allows filtering, visualization and normalization of raw cDNA microarray data.
Availability: MS-Windows binaries are freely available for non-profit use at http://www.biologie.ens.fr/yeast-publi.html
Contact: pmarc@biologie.ens.fr
Supplementary information: Scripts for online creation of Arrayplot files are available at http://transcriptome.ens.fr/lgm_bioinfo/
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
CaGE: Cardiac gene expression knowledgebase
Authors: Bober Michael , Wiehe Kevin , Yung Christina , Onal Suzek Tugba , Lin Matthew , Baumgartner William , Winslow Raimond 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: CaGE is a Cardiac Gene Expression knowledgebase we have developed to facilitate the analysis of genes important to human cardiac function. CaGE integrates the functionality of the LocusLink database with data from several human cardiac expression libraries, phenotypic data from OMIM™ and data from large-scale microarray gene expression studies to create a knowledgebase of gene expression in human cardiac tissue. The knowledgebase is fully searchable via the web using several intuitive query interfaces. Results can be displayed in several concise easy to navigate formats.
Availability: CaGE is located at http://www.cage.wbmei.jhu.edu
Contact: mbbober@pol.net; rwinslow@bme.jhu.edu
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
SNAPper: gene order predicts gene function
Authors: Kolesov Grigory , Mewes Hans-Werner , Frishman Dmitrij 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: SNAPper is a network service for predicting gene function based on the conservation of gene order.
Availability: The SNAPper server is available at http://pedant.gsf.de/snapper. SNAPper-based functional predictions will soon be offered as part of the PEDANT genome analysis server http://pedant.gsf.de.
Contact: g.kolesov@gsf.de
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Selecting targets for structural determination by
navigating in a graph of protein families
Authors: Portugaly Elon , Kifer Ilona , Linial Michal 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: A major goal in structural genomics is to enrich the catalogue of proteins whose 3D structures are known. In an attempt to address this problem we mapped over 10 000 proteins with solved structures onto a graph of all Swissprot protein sequences (release 36, ∼73 000 proteins) provided by ProtoMap, with the goal of sorting proteins according to their likelihood of belonging to new superfamilies. We hypothesized that proteins within neighbouring clusters tend to share common structural superfamilies or folds. If true, the likelihood of finding new superfamilies increases in clusters that are distal from other solved structures within the graph.
Results: We defined an order relation between unsolved proteins according to their ‘distance’ from solved structures in the graph, and sorted ∼48 000 proteins. Our list can be partitioned into three groups: ∼35 000 proteins sharing a cluster with at least one known structure; ∼6500 proteins in clusters with no solved structure but with neighbouring clusters containing known structures; and a third group contains the rest of the proteins, ∼6100 (in 1274 clusters). We tested the quality of the order relation using thousands of recently solved structures that were not included when the order was defined. The tests show that our order is significantly better (P-value ∼105) than a random order. More interestingly, the order within the union of the second and third groups, and the order within the third group alone, perform better than random (P-values: 0.0008 and 0.15, respectively) and are better than alternative orders created using PSI-BLAST. Herein, we present a method for selecting targets to be used in structural genomics projects.
Availability: List of proteins to be used for targets selection combined with a set of biological filters for narrowing down potential targets is in http://www.protarget.cs.huji.ac.il
Contact: michall@mail.ls.huji.ac.il
Quantitative assessment of filter-based cDNA microarrays: gene expression
profiles of human T-lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Dodson J.M. , Charles P.T. , Stenger D.A. , Pancrazio J.J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: While the use of cDNA microarrays for functional genomic analysis has become commonplace, relatively little attention has been placed on false positives, i.e. the likelihood that a change in measured radioactive or fluorescence intensity may reflect a change in gene expression when, in fact, there is none. Since cDNA arrays are being increasingly used to rapidly distinguish biomarkers for disease detection and subsequent assay development (Wellman et al., Blood, 96, 398–404, 2000), the impact of false positives can be significant. For the use of this technology, it is necessary to develop quantitative criteria for reduction of false positives with radioactively-labeled cDNA arrays.
Results: We used a single source of RNA (HuT78 T lymphoma cells) to eliminate sample variation and quantitatively examined intensity ratios using radioactively labeled cDNA microarrays. Variation in intensity ratios was reduced by processing microarrays in side-by-side (parallel mode) rather than by using the same microarray for two hybridizations (sequential mode). Based on statistical independence, calculation of the expected number of false positives as a function of threshold showed that a detection limit of |log2R| &gt;0.65 with agreement from three replicates could be used to identify up- or down-modulated genes. Using this quantitative criteria, gene expression differences between two related T lymphoma cell lines, HuT78 and H9, were identified. The relevance of these findings to the known functional differences between these cell types is discussed.
Contact: jxp@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Insects and low temperatures: from molecular biology to distributions and abundance
Authors: Bale J. S. 
Published: July 2002

Insects are the most diverse fauna on earth, with different species occupying a range of terrestrial and aquatic habitats from the tropics to the poles. Species inhabiting extreme low–temperature environments must either tolerate or avoid freezing to survive. While much is now known about the synthesis, biochemistry and function of the main groups of cryoprotectants involved in the seasonal processes of acclimatization and winter cold hardiness (ice–nucleating agents, polyols and antifreeze proteins), studies on the structural biology of these compounds have been more limited.The recent discovery of rapid cold–hardening, ice–interface desiccation and the daily resetting of critical thermal thresholds affecting mortality and mobility have emphasized the role of temperature as the most important abiotic factor, acting through physiological processes to determine ecological outcomes. These relationships are seen in key areas such as species responses to climate warming, forecasting systems for pest outbreaks and the establishment potential of alien species in new environments.
Lymphopenia in the BB Rat Model of Type 1 Diabetes is Due to a Mutation in a Novel Immune-Associated Nucleotide (Ian)-Related Gene
Authors: MacMurray Armand J. , Moralejo Daniel H. , Kwitek Anne E. , Rutledge Elizabeth A. , Van Yserloo Brian , Gohlke Paul , Speros Sara J. , Snyder Ben , Schaefer Jonathan , Bieg Sabine , Jiang Jianjie , Ettinger Ruth A. , Fuller Jessica , Daniels Terri L. , Pettersson Anna , Orlebeke Kimberly , Birren Bruce , Jacob Howard J. , Lander Eric S. , Lernmark Åke 
Published: July 2002

The BB (BioBreeding) rat is one of the best models of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes and is used to study non-MHC loci contributing to Type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes in the diabetes-prone BB (BBDP) rat is polygenic, dependent upon mutations at several loci.Iddm1, on chromosome 4, is responsible for a lymphopenia (lyp) phenotype and is essential to diabetes. In this study, we report the positional cloning of theIddm1/lyplocus. We show that lymphopenia is due to a frameshift deletion in a novel member (Ian5) of the Immune-Associated Nucleotide (IAN)-related gene family, resulting in truncation of a significant portion of the protein. This mutation was absent in 37 other inbred rat strains that are nonlymphopenic and nondiabetic. The IAN gene family, lying within a tight cluster on rat chromosome 4, mouse chromosome 6, and human chromosome 7, is poorly characterized. Some members of the family have been shown to be expressed in mature T cells and switched on during thymic T-cell development, suggesting thatIan5may be a key factor in T-cell development. The lymphopenia mutation may thus be useful not only to elucidate Type 1 diabetes, but also in the function of theIangene family as a whole.[Sequence data reported in this paper has been deposited in GenBank and assigned the following accession nos:AF517674,AF517675,AF517676, andAF517677. Supplemental material is available online athttp://depts.washington.edu/rhwlab/and http:www.genome.org. ] The following individuals and institutions kindly provided reagents, samples, or unpublished information as indicated in the paper: K. Matsumoto and the Sir Frederick Banting Research Centre.
Potentiation of Developmentally Regulated Plant Defense Response by AtWRKY18, a Pathogen-Induced Arabidopsis Transcription Factor
Authors: Chen Chunhong , Chen Zhixiang 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
AtWRKY18 is a pathogen- and salicylic acid-induced Arabidopsis transcription factor containing the plant-specific WRKY zinc finger DNA-binding motif. In the present study, we have transformed Arabidopsis plants with AtWRKY18under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Surprisingly, transgenic plants expressing high levels ofAtWRKY18 were stunted in growth. When expressed at moderate levels, AtWRKY18 potentiated developmentally regulated defense responses in transgenic plants without causing substantial negative effects on plant growth. As they grew from seedling to mature stages, transgenic AtWRKY18 plant showed marked increase in the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, whereas wild-type plants exhibited little enhancement in these defense responses. Potentiation of developmentally regulated defense responses by AtWRKY18 was not associated with enhanced biosynthesis of salicylic acid but required the disease resistance regulatory protein NPR1/NIM1. Thus, AtWRKY18 can positively modulate defense-related gene expression and disease resistance. To study the regulated expression ofAtWRKY18, we have identified a cluster of WRKY binding sites in the promoter of the gene and demonstrated that they acted as negative regulatory elements for the inducible expression ofAtWRKY18. These negative cis-acting elements may prevent overexpression of AtWRKY18 during the activation of plant defense responses that could be detrimental to plant growth as inferred from the transgenic plants ectopically expressing the transgene.