bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reforming the institutional framework for environment and sustainable development: Rio+20’s subtle but significant impact
Authors: Ivanova Maria 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Reform of the institutional architecture for environment and sustainable development was one of the two main agenda items at the Rio+20 Conference. In the environmental field, Rio+20 provided a new impulse of power for the United Nations Environment Programme to fulfil its well-thought-out visionary mandate rather than motivation for creating a new institutional structure. In the sustainable development field, it offered an opportunity to formally launch a transformational reform process across several United Nations institutions – most prominently, the Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD) and the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) – and begin a new effort at establishing global goals for sustainable development. The results are significant as they concluded a multi-year intergovernmental effort at reforming the environmental institutions and provided a solid political launching platform for the sustainable development reform process. This was possible because there was a clear mandate for reform. Leadership was consistent, and, over the years, systematic accumulation of information and knowledge about the substance and the process of reform took place. The confluence of these elements combined with the concrete political opportunity that Rio+20 provided, allowed for institutional learning through an iterative process and pushed for political outcomes.
Realising Rio principles through sustainable energy solutions: Application of small hydropower (SHP) in China and other developing countries
Authors: Liu Heng , Esser Lara J. , Whiting Kai 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Small hydropower (SHP) is a proven low impact, small-scale, rural electrification technology that has been shown to help shape communities that have applied sustainable energy solutions in the last decades. Using China as a successful example of rural electrification, this article examines SHP’s progress and challenges internationally regarding policy, implementation and development. The article concludes that continued triangular cooperation among developing countries (South–South), developed countries (North–South) and international organizations for technology transfer and capacity building should support the transition from individual pilot SHP projects towards the successful implementation of full SHP programmes, while using existing capacities as far as possible.
Absolute convergence of multiple Fourier–Haar series
Authors: Gogoladze Larry , Tsagareishvili Vakhtang 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.
The class of functions of s variables

H

α
/
s

(
s
)

$H_{\alpha /s}^{(s)}$

is defined. For the functions of this class, Sász's theorem for s-dimensional Fourier–Haar series is proved. When

α
=
1

$\alpha =1$

, it is shown that the obtained theorem is best possible for general complete orthonormal systems.
Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) Study of Low Frequency Vibrations and Hydrogen Bonding of (E)-Benzil Monoxime
Authors: Rachwalska Małgorzata , Natkaniec Ireneusz , Zborowski Krzysztof , Hetmańczyk Łukasz , Urbanek Zbigniew 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
(E)-benzil monoxime (or (E)-monoxime of 1,2 diphenyloetandion), which
is the subject of this paper, belongs to the family of bioactive
organic substances. Many of them have been investigated for many years
by inelastic, incoherent neutron scattering spectroscopy (IINS) but
the investigation of (E)-benzil monoxime is absent from
literature. Therefore (E)-benzil monoxime has been investigated using
infrared, and IINS spectroscopy. Dimers of (E)-benzil monoxime were
considered using B3LYP functional (connection of Becke and
Lee–Yang–Parr functionals) combined with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis
set method of quantum chemistry in order to improve the results
obtained for a single molecule. In (E)-benzil monoxime, extra bands
corresponding primarily to hydrogen bond vibrations (γ bending
out of plane of hydrogen bond at 312.3, 372, 470.5, 578.3, 703.5,
748.7, 780.4 cm
–1, σ stretching of hydrogen bond
bridge at 124.3, 140.9, 176.5, 190.1, 223.6, 259.1, 290.5, 501.8,
623.5 cm
–1, δ bending in plane of hydrogen bond
at 1102.4, 1371,1452,1535, 1630.6 cm
–1, λ
bending of hydrogen bond bridge at ca. 40 cm
–1, ν
stretching band OH at 3397 cm
–1) have been
identified. Some of them could be discovered only by using IINS method
and this is the main result of this work. Additionally we'd like to
compare the structure of the compound and the structure of oximes
previously investigated by us . Taking into account the structure and
IINS results for three oximes investigated by us, we can estimate the
difference of hydrogen bond power in those three oximes. Hence the
power of hydrogen bond in the (E)-benzil monoxime seems to be the
smallest in the group of the three compounds: (E)-benzil monoxime,
(E)-2-hydroxyimino-2-cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester (2-oxime), acid K
salt of 2-oxime.
Silicon Nanodot Layers for Photovoltaic
Application: Size/Density Control and Electrical
Properties
Authors: Stegemann Bert , Čermák Jan , Rezek Bohuslav , Kočka Jan , Schmidt Manfred 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Fabrication of Si nanodot single layers under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV)
conditions is achieved by decomposition and self-organized growth from
thermally deposited non-stoichiometric SiO
x
(x < 2)
precursor layers provided with an ultrathin SiO2 capping layer
due to phase separation upon appropriate in situ annealing. The
kinetics of the thermal decomposition of the constituting Si suboxides
(Si
n+, n = 0…4) into Si nanodots and the
surrounding SiO2 matrix is analyzed in situ by X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as a function of the annealing
temperature. The maximum size and the density of the nanodots are
varied by adjusting the stoichiometric coefficient x and the layer
thickness. Thus, the electronic nanodot properties and the interlayer
transport properties can be controlled. For initial compositions (x
ranging from 0.9 to 1.4) and layer thicknesses (3 to
10 nm), phase separation was completed at
850 ℃. The phase separation revealed by XPS is
directly correlated with electrical properties as derived from atomic
force microscopy measurements detecting surface potentials (KFM) and
local conductivity (CS-AFM) across individual nanodots.
An Automated Monitoring System to Measure Shrinkage of Cement-Based Materials in Multiple Environments
Authors: Xiao-Dong Wen , Wei-Ping Zhou , Bao-Guo Ma , Guo-Song Li 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
An automated monitoring system was developed for the measurement of shrinkage of cement-based materials. This system combines continuous dynamic measurements conducted on multi-group samples, the use of non-contact measurements and environment simulation technology. An automated data analysis method was developed and used to obtain shrinkage values. Furthermore, a correction method is proposed in an effort to calibrate these measurements. The early-age and long-term shrinkage behavior of multi-group samples were investigated by the use of this system under specific testing environments. This was done in an effort to understand the influence of climatic variations on shrinkage deformation properties. These experimental data can be used in numerical models to estimate shrinkage of similar specimens.
Environmental Method Against Icing for Road Pavements: Development of New Testing Equipment and Proposal of a New Abrasive Material
Authors: Saltan Mehmet , Varış Meriç , Ertem F. Selcan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In cold regions, snow and ice during winter can pose serious risks to road surfaces and driving conditions. Icing always occurs on roads during winter. Heavy snow and freezing temperatures result in slippery road pavements. Driving on these surfaces is difficult and may cause heavy traffic and vehicular traffic accidents. Under such conditions, drivers should drive slowly and be prepared for delays. Icing reduces the friction between tires and the pavement surface, which increases the risk of accidents. Winter maintenance is highly important for icy pavement surfaces. Winter maintenance practices include plowing, sanding to improve traction, and applying winter anti-icing liquids that melt snow and ice on a road surface to prevent them from sticking. The combinations of practices used at each site may vary according to climate, traffic, and storm conditions. Road salt can melt snow and ice effectively, but it causes severe rust damage to vehicles, degrades road surfaces, corrodes bridges, and harms roadside vegetation. Therefore, the application of an abrasive granular material is important for preventing snow and ice from sticking to a road surface. However, sand, which is the most commonly used abrasive material, tends to be easily removed from the road surface by traffic. This study introduces new low-cost testing equipment, namely, the Ice Melter Experiment Mechanism (IMEM), which is used to evaluate abrasive materials for snowy or icy pavement surfaces and a new abrasive material that cannot be easily removed from road surfaces. In this study we tested the performance of IMEM and analyzed the results. The operational process of IMEM is also elaborated.
Laboratory Investigation on Microwave Deicing Function of Micro Surfacing Asphalt Mixtures Reinforced by Carbon Fiber
Authors: Wang Zhenjun , Gao Jie , Ai Tao , Zhao Peng 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Traffic accidents occur frequently during snowfall and freezing rain in winter. Therefore, it is desirable that snow and ice be removed effectively and rapidly without using chemical salt or mechanical devices. In this paper, the influences of carbon fiber with different contents on mechanical properties, microwave reflectivity, and microwave deicing time of micro surfacing asphalt mixtures were investigated. The results indicate the percentage of carbon fiber has significant influences on the mechanical properties of the mixtures. The flexural strength of the mixtures with 0.75 % carbon fiber was 1.5 times and the compressive strength with 0.45 % was 1.3 times higher than those of the mixtures without carbon fiber. At the percentage of 0.45, the minimum reflectivity was reached as –13.5 dB in the frequency range of 2.3–2.6 GHz. The carbon fiber addition can evidently enhance the ability of the mixtures to absorb the microwave. The deicing time keeps decreasing as the carbon fiber percentage increases from 0.15 % until 0.45 %; then increases gradually and rises sharply until 0.75 %. The minimum deicing time reaches 55 s for the mixtures with 0.45 % carbon fiber. The lower the microwave reflectivity is, the shorter the deicing time. The thickness of ice is also found to be an important factor affecting the deicing time of the mixtures. The mixtures with around 15 mm thick ice obtain the shortest deicing time.
Regional variations and age-related changes detected with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the brain of healthy dogs
Authors: Ono Kaori , Kitagawa Masato , Ito Daisuke , Tanaka Natsumi , Watari Toshihiro 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Objective—To investigate age-related and regional differences in estimated metabolite concentrations in the brain of healthy dogs by means of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
Animals—15 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—Dogs were grouped according to age as young (n = 5; all dogs were 2 months old), adult (5; mean age, 4.5 years), or geriatric (5; all dogs were 12 years old). Imaging was performed by use of a 1.5-T MRI system with T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. Signal intensity measurements for N-acetyl aspartate, creatine, choline, and lactate-alanine (the spectroscopic peaks associated with alanine and lactate could not be reliably differentiated) were determined with MRS, and areas under the spectroscopic peaks (representing concentration estimates) were calculated. Ratios of these metabolite values were compared among age groups and among brain regions with regression analysis.
Results—The choline-to-creatine ratio was significantly higher in young dogs, compared with other age groups. The N-acetyl aspartate-to-choline ratio was significantly lower in young dogs and geriatric dogs than in adult dogs. When all age groups were considered, the choline-to-creatine ratio was significantly higher and N-acetyl aspartate-to-choline ratio was significantly lower in the frontal lobe than in all other regions. The N-acetyl aspartate-to-creatine ratio was significantly lower in the cerebellum than in other regions.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Metabolite ratios varied significantly among age groups and brain regions in healthy dogs. Future studies should evaluate absolute concentration differences in a larger number of dogs and assess clinical applications in dogs with neurologic diseases.
Cochenille et indigo en Méso-Amérique (1770-1870)
Authors: Tarantola Giulia 
Published: January 2014

Cochineal and indigo in Mesoamerica (1770-1870) -
This general history of cochineal and indigo in Mesoamerica points out that these two natural dyes made up a significant proportion of agricultural exports in the 18th and 19th centuries. Despite a few similarities between these two productions (e.g., the use of traditional tools and the absence of economies of scale), differences in organizing work had major consequences on the structure of colonial and postcolonial economies in producer regions. Indians produced cochineal by following their own qualitative criteria, whereas white land-owners and mestizo peasants produced indigo mainly in a quest for profits.
L'homme et l'animal dans l'agriculture chinoise ancienne et moderne
Authors: Cartier Michel 
Published: January 2014

Man and animal in ancient and modern Chinese agriculture -
Though ordinarily defined as the association of cereals and of plant fibers for textiles (including silk), Chinese agriculture also reserves an important place for livestock, which is divided among animals for consumption (pigs, sheep and fowl) and work animals (oxen and horses). Contrary to what is usually taken for granted, the passage toward intensive farming has not reduced the importance of livestock. Statistics from the 20th century reveal a "densification" of beasts of burden: in 1995, there was nearly one animal per planted hectare and one animal for four persons working on farms.
Technical Change in Wartime in South Vietnam (1967-1972)
Authors: Combs Arthur 
Published: January 2014

Changement technique dans le Sud-Vietnam en guerre (1967-1972) -
Au tournant des années 1960 et 1970, les campagnes du Sud- Vietnam en guerre ont curieusement pu tirer un réel avantage de la « Révolution verte ». Le cas montre toutefois qu'une croissance économique est possible même dans un contexte de très forte instabilité politique et de guerre, là du moins où les opérations militaires restent d'intensité limitée. Les semences nouvelles et les produits chimiques qu'elles requièrent se sont, en effet, répandus bien au-delà de la zone que le gouvernement avait entendu couvrir, au-delà même des frontières militaires et politiques. L'article discute des conséquences théoriques et pratiques du fait que, dans de telles conditions, une grande part de la population agricole du Sud-Vietnam a, malgré tout, opté pour la technique nouvelle.
Survival after 131I-labeled lipiodol therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ezziddin S. , Wilhelm K. , Fimmers R. , Spengler U. , Palmedo H. , Strunk H. , Schild H. H. , Biersack H. J. , Risse J. , Ahmadzadehfar H. , Habibi E. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThis study investigated the efficacy of 131iod- ine-labeled lipiodol (1311-lipiodol) as a palliative therapy, evaluated overall survival (OS) across Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages, and determined the main prognostic factors influencing OS in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients, methods: We retrospectively analyzed 57 (44 men; mean age, 65.7 years; mean activity per session, 1.6 GBq; mean cumulative activity in patients with >1 sessions, 3.9 GBq) HCC patients who underwent 1311-lipiodol therapy. A majority of patients exhibited Child-Pugh class B (53.6%) disease and a good Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (0-1; 72%). Multinodular disease was observed in 87.7% patients, bilobar disease in 73%, and portal vein occlusion (PVO) in 54%. Furthermore, 21.1% patients were staged as BCLC B and 59.6 % as BCLC C. All patients were followed until death. Results: The median OS was 6.4 months, which varied significantly with disease stage (median OS for BCLC A, B, C, and D was 29.4, 12.0, 4.6, and 2.7 months, respectively; p = 0.009); Child-Pugh score and class; presence of ascites, PVO, or extrahepatic disease; largest lesion size; favourable treatment response; international normalized ratio, baseline albumin and alpha-fetopro- tein levels. Patients with a Child-Pugh A liver disease had a longer OS. Conclusion: Currently, different treatment modalities for HCC include radioembolization, transarterial chemoemboliz- ation, and systemic therapy with sorafenib; however, 1311-lipiodol therapy remains a feasible alternative for patients without a favourable response to other therapies, particularly for patients with Child-Pugh A liver cirrhosis.
Emploi, bénévolat et financement des associations culturelles
Authors: Deroin Valérie 
Published: January 2014

En 2011, une association sur cinq a une activité culturelle. Sur ces 267000 associations culturelles, 35100 emploient au moins un salarié, l’activité de toutes les autres reposant exclusivement sur la participation bénévole. Il y a 169000 salariés employés par des associations culturelles, soit 9,4 % de l’emploi salarié associatif. Comme pour les entreprises, les salariés des associations culturelles sont plus fréquemment en contrat court et ont un niveau de formation plus élevé que les salariés des autres secteurs. On compte en moyenne cinq salariés par association culturelle employeuse, deux fois moins que la moyenne. Les associations s’appuient également sur des bénévoles, qui donnent donc de leur temps sans être rémunérés. Les associations culturelles emploient de manière bénévole l’équivalent de 189000 emplois à temps plein. Le nombre de bénévoles présents dans une association culturelle est d’environ 18. Chaque bénévole travaille en moyenne 63 heures par an dans une association sans salariés, et 86 heures par an dans une association employeuse de salariés. En 2011, le budget cumulé de l’ensemble des associations culturelles est estimé à 8,3 milliards d’euros. En termes monétaires, les associations culturelles pèsent à peu près autant qu’en termes d’emplois au sein de l’économie associative : 9,7 %. Une association culturelle dispose d’un budget moyen de 31000 euros, deux fois moins que la moyenne d’un budget associatif, du fait de leur taille plus réduite. Les associations culturelles sont moins dépendantes des financements publics (40 %) que la moyenne (49 %). En particulier, elles ont moins accès aux commandes publiques et se financent plutôt par le biais de subventions. Les communes sont, plus que dans les autres secteurs associatifs, à l’origine d’une grande part des subventions, notamment pour les associations qui n’emploient aucun salarié. La moitié des associations culturelles réalise de façon principale ou secondaire une activité d’organisation ou d’accueil de spectacle vivant. Elles ont en moyenne moins de salariés que celles des autres activités culturelles, des budgets plus réduits et ont davantage recours au bénévolat.
Hybridation du New Public Management : cas de gestion des administrateurs territoriaux en France
Authors: Pyun Hae-Ok 
Published: January 2014

Face à la question de savoir « comment diffuser le New Public Management dans l’administration publique et continuer à accomplir les missions de service public », la France a trouvé ses réponses dans l’hybridation (Boyer, 1997). Notre étude empirique sur 1 125 administrateurs territoriaux (en collaboration avec l’Association des Administrateurs Territoriaux de France) montre que la gestion hybride en est une parfaite illustration.
Is there an optimal resting velopharyngeal gap in operated cleft palate patients?
Authors: Yellinedi Rajesh , Damalacheruvu Mukunda Reddy 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Context: Videofluoroscopy in operated cleft palate patients. Aims: To determine the existence of an optimal resting velopharyngeal (VP) gap in operated cleft palate patients Settings and Design: A retrospective analysis of lateral view videofluoroscopy of operated cleft palate patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 117 cases of operated cleft palate underwent videofluoroscopy between 2006 and 2011. The lateral view of videofluoroscopy was utilised in the study. A retrospective analysis of the lateral view of videofluoroscopy of these 117 patients was performed to analyse the resting VP gap and its relationship to VP closure. Statistical analysis used: None. Results: Of the 117 cases, 35 had a resting gap of less than 6 mm, 34 had a resting gap between 6 and 10 mm and 48 patients had a resting gap of more than 10 mm. Conclusions: The conclusive finding was that almost all the patients with a resting gap of <6 mm (group C) achieved radiological closure of the velopharynx with speech; thus, they had the least chance of VP insufficiency (VPI). Those patients with a resting gap of >10 mm (group A) did not achieve VP closure on phonation, thus having full-blown VPI. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ideal resting VP gap is approximately 6 mm so as to get the maximal chance of VP closure and thus prevent VPI.
Gluteal flap for omphalocele repair in a case of epigastric heteropagus: A novel approach for surgical management
Authors: Kesan Krushnakumar , Gupta Abhaya , Gupta Rahul Kumar , Kothari Paras , Ranjan Ritesh , Karkera Parag , Mudkhedkar Kedar 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTEpigastric heteropagus is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, in which there is asymmetrical conjoined twinning, with the parasitic twin attached to the epigastrium. A 2-day-old male, with epigastric heteropagus and omphalocele, was operated in our institution. After excision of the parasitic twin, omphalocele was covered with a gluteal skin flap available from the parasitic twin. Post-operative course was uneventful, except for infection along the edges of the skin flaps, which was managed conservatively. Only 44 cases of epigastric heteropagus twins have been reported previously in world literature. We present a novel surgical approach for the repair of the omphalocele in a case of epigastric heteropagus twins, probably the 45 th case to be reported in the world literature.
Giant median nerve in bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Chabok Hosein Ahmadzadeh 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTWe introduce a middle age healthy man with sequential bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. At the surgery, we encountered a wide median nerve in both wrists. Although enlargement of median nerve in carpal tunnel has been well documented, 25 mm width of the nerve is a rare scene, underscoring that leaving the nerve under the unyielding pressure would lead to a fibrous atrophic median nerve.
A simple and effective way of maintaining the microvascular field clean and dry during anastomosis
Authors: Nambi G.I. , Kumta Samir M. , Mokal Nitin J. , Thatte Mukund R. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTDuring microvascular anastomosis, it is important to maintain the microsurgical field irrigated yet dry so as to achieve a good view of the vessels for approximation. In this method, an infant feeding tube (size 4), with its tip sandwiched between layers of dry gauze and a surgical glove component placed in the anastomotic field and the other end connected to a suction apparatus, is used to maintain the microsurgical field free from flooding. It also has the additional advantage of providing a stable platform for microvascular anastomosis.