bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐sensor signal fusion‐based modulation classification by using wireless sensor networks
Authors: Zhang Yan , Ansari Nirwan , Su Wei 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAutomatic modulation classification (AMC) is applied as the intermediate step between signal detection and demodulation to identify modulation schemes. AMC is a challenging task, especially in a non‐cooperative environment, owing to the lack of prior information on the transmitted signal at the receiver. The proposed modulation classification scheme based on multi‐sensor signal fusion makes the premise that the combined signal from multiple sensors provides a more accurate description than any one of the individual signals alone. Multi‐sensor signal fusion offers increased reliability and huge processing gains in overall performance as compared with the single sensor, thus making AMC of weak signals in non‐cooperative communication environment more reliable and successful. Signal‐to‐noise ratio improvement through multi‐sensor signal fusion is studied by using second‐order and fourth‐order moments method. The classification performance based on multi‐sensor signal fusion is investigated in the additive white Gaussian noise channel as well as the flat fading channel and is evaluated in terms of correct classification probability by taking the effects of timing synchronization, phase jitter, phase offset, and frequency offset into consideration, respectively. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed multi‐sensor signal fusion‐based AMC algorithm can greatly outperform other existing AMC methods.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐windup linear parameter‐varying control of pitch actuators in wind turbines
Authors: Meisami‐Azad Mona , Grigoriadis Karolos M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOperation of wind turbines in the full‐load region mandates that the produced power is kept at a rated value to minimize structural loads and thereby reduce fatigue damage. This is usually achieved by pitching the rotor blades in order to limit the aerodynamic torque in high wind speeds. The pitch actuators usually present a hard constraint in terms of the amplitude and rate of saturation. In this paper, we propose a method to address pitch actuator amplitude and rate saturation by designing anti‐windup controllers in the linear parameter‐varying framework. The proposed design method guarantees the closed‐loop system stability and a prescribed level of performance while it decreases the pitch activity for regulating the generated power to the nominal power during sudden wind gusts. The anti‐windup controller designed to minimize the norm of the closed‐loop system is gain‐scheduled on the basis of the operating condition of the turbine, as well as the states of amplitude and rate saturation of the pitch actuator. The effectiveness of the proposed control design method is demonstrated using high‐fidelity aeroelastic dynamic simulation tools. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding Change in Recycling and Littering Behavior Across a School Social Network
Authors: Long Jennifer , Harré Niki , Atkinson Quentin D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUnderstanding how communities change requires examining how individuals’ beliefs and behaviors are shaped by those around them. This paper investigates behavior change across a large social network following a recycling intervention in a New Zealand high school community. We used a mixed methods design, combining focus group data with social network analysis from two waves of a questionnaire that measured friendship networks; recycling and littering behaviors; perceived behavioral norms; and teacher, friend, and parent encouragement for these behaviors. Recycling behavior increased significantly over the course of our study. Supporting the importance of social networks in this context, both littering and recycling behavior showed clear social clustering. Further, the degree of change in an individuals’ littering and recycling behavior across time was predicted by friends’ prior behavior. Focus group data provided insight into students’ perceptions of social interactions and how these contributed to littering and recycling behavior.
Digging deep to open the white black box of snow root phenology
Authors: Onipchenko Vladimir G. , Kipkeev Alii M. , Makarov Mikhail I. , Kozhevnikova Anna D. , Ivanov Victor B. , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. , Tekeev Dzhamal K. , Salpagarova Fatima S. , Werger Marinus J. A. , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSnow roots are specialized structures recently discovered in the Caucasian alpine snow‐bed plant Corydalis conorhiza. They form extensive networks that grow into snow packs against gravity, most probably to gather nitrogen from snow. Here we test the hypothesis that snow roots are true winter organs, i.e., they should already start growth early in winter to lay down the infrastructure for N capture from snow packs well before their melt‐out. This would require winter surface and soil temperatures continuously close to or above freezing. Excavations of snow roots from snow packs in January and May, accompanied by temperature recordings and anatomical observations, supported our hypothesis. These findings complete the annual cycle of snow root phenology. They also emphasize the evolutionary and ecological significance of these specialized winter organs. Moreover, their likely association with a particular abiotic temperature and snow regime will facilitate the search for snow roots in other species.
The cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) mediates smooth muscle cell proliferation in response to angiotensin II
Authors: Molnar Peter , Perrault Raissa , Louis Sherif , Zahradka Peter 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor that mediates the cellular response to metabolic and mitogenic signals. Whether CREB contributes to vascular function has received little attention, especially in relation to the processes associated with atherosclerotic disease progression and restenosis. This study examined the involvement of CREB in the mitogenic actions of angiotensin II (AngII), a growth factor that promotes neointimal hyperplasia in response to vascular injury. Treatments were performed on quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) obtained from a porcine explant model. Organ culture was performed on porcine hearts subjected to angioplasty ex vivo. Stimulation of VSMCs with AngII resulted in transient CREB phosphorylation. Proliferation of smooth muscle cells in response to AngII was reduced by 90 % after infection with adenovirus expressing dominant‐negative killer CREB (kCREB) mutant. Likewise, expression of kCREB prevented angioplasty‐induced neointimal hyperplasia. AngII‐induced CREB phosphorylation was independent of cAMP activation. Examination of putative CREB kinases revealed that MSK was responsible for phosphorylating CREB. In addition, inhibition of PKC revealed that this kinase operates upstream and activates MSK. These results indicate that activation of CREB via PKC and MSK is essential for SMC proliferation in response to AngII.
Plasma amino acids imbalance in cirrhotic patients disturbs the tricarboxylic acid cycle of dendritic cell
Authors: Kakazu Eiji , Kondo Yasuteru , Kogure Takayuki , Ninomiya Masashi , Kimura Osamu , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn imbalance of plasma amino acids (AA) is observed cirrhotic patients. Here we report that the imbalance suppresses the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) by reducing the intracellular ATP due to interference with the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. We used serum-free culture medium consistent with the average concentration of the plasma AA from a healthy volunteer (HCM) and that from patients with advanced cirrhosis (ACM). We compared the function of DCs and the metabolism of glucose-amino acids under each medium. The maturation and intracellular ATP of immature DCs were lower under ACM in spite of the enhancement of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex genes. Metabolomics revealed that the TCA cycle metabolite, fumarate and 2-oxoglutarate were increased in DCs generated under ACM. Consistent with in vitro, In CD1c+ or CD14+ cells from cirrhotic patients, the gene expression of 2-oxoglutarate-succinate-fumarate transition enzymes were significantly different from the cells of healthy controls.
The effects of ketamine and risperidone on eye movement control in healthy volunteers
Authors: Schmechtig A , Lees J , Perkins A , Altavilla A , Craig K J , Dawson G R , William Deakin J F , Dourish C T , Evans L H , Koychev I , Weaver K , Smallman R , Walters J , Wilkinson L S , Morris R , Williams S C R , Ettinger U 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine leads to transient psychosis-like symptoms and impairments in oculomotor performance in healthy volunteers. This study examined whether the adverse effects of ketamine on oculomotor performance can be reversed by the atypical antipsychotic risperidone. In this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 72 healthy participants performed smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM), prosaccades (PS) and antisaccades (AS) while being randomly assigned to one of four drug groups (intravenous 100 ng ml−1 ketamine, 2 mg oral risperidone, 100 ng ml−1 ketamine plus 2 mg oral risperidone, placebo). Drug administration did not lead to harmful adverse events. Ketamine increased saccadic frequency and decreased velocity gain of SPEM (all P<0.01) but had no significant effects on PS or AS (all P⩾0.07). An effect of risperidone was observed for amplitude gain and peak velocity of PS and AS, indicating hypometric gain and slower velocities compared with placebo (both P⩽0.04). No ketamine by risperidone interactions were found (all P⩾0.26). The results confirm that the administration of ketamine produces oculomotor performance deficits similar in part to those seen in schizophrenia. The atypical antipsychotic risperidone did not reverse ketamine-induced deteriorations. These findings do not support the cognitive enhancing potential of risperidone on oculomotor biomarkers in this model system of schizophrenia and point towards the importance of developing alternative performance-enhancing compounds to optimise pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3selectively and reversibly impairs T helper-cell CNS localization
Authors: Grishkan Inna V. , Fairchild Amanda N. , Calabresi Peter A. , Gocke Anne R. 
Published: December 2013

SignificanceVitamin D plays an important role in regulating the immune system in health and disease and may be beneficial for patients with multiple sclerosis. It prevents CNS autoimmunity in mice by an incompletely understood mechanism. The present study is a systematic evaluation of the vitamin D effects on T lymphocytes at each step of their journey to the CNS. The data demonstrate that vitamin D does not affect generation of pathogenic cells but prevents their presence in the CNS. Unlike current long-acting drugs that impair immune cell trafficking, the effect of vitamin D is quickly reversed after treatment cessation, which could prove advantageous when immune function needs to be reestablished in the setting of infection.
Structure of the ribosome with elongation factor G trapped in the pretranslocation state
Authors: Brilot Axel F. , Korostelev Andrei A. , Ermolenko Dmitri N. , Grigorieff Nikolaus 
Published: December 2013

Significance
The ribosome decodes genetic information and synthesizes proteins in all living organisms. To translate the genetic information, the ribosome binds tRNA. During polypeptide chain elongation, the tRNA is moved together with the mRNA through the ribosome. This movement is called translocation and involves precisely coordinated steps that include binding of a protein called elongation factor G (EF-G). How exactly EF-G drives translocation is not fully understood. We show in this study a detailed three-dimensional molecular image of the ribosome bound to EF-G and two tRNAs, just before the tRNAs are translocated. The image provides mechanistic clues to how EF-G promotes tRNA translocation.
Working-memory capacity protects model-based learning from stress
Authors: Otto A. Ross , Raio Candace M. , Chiang Alice , Phelps Elizabeth A. , Daw Nathaniel D. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
The physiological response evoked by short-lived stressful events, referred to as acute stress, impacts human decision-making. Past studies assume that stress causes people to fall back, from more cognitive or deliberative modes of choice, to more primitive or automatic modes of choice because stress impairs peoples’ capacity to process information (working memory). We directly examined how acute stress affects choice in a laboratory decision-making task for which the working memory demands of the two forms of decision-making are well understood, finding that stress impaired use of sophisticated choice strategies that require working memory but did not affect use of simpler, more primitive strategies. Further, this impairment was exacerbated in individuals with smaller working memory capacity, which is related to general intelligence.
TRAF3 enforces the requirement for T cell cross-talk in thymic medullary epithelial development
Authors: Jenkinson S. Rhiannon , Williams Joy A. , Jeon Hyein , Zhang Jingjing , Nitta Takeshi , Ohigashi Izumi , Kruhlak Michael , Zuklys Saulius , Sharrow Susan , Adams Anthony , Granger Larry , Choi Yongwon , Siebenlist Ulrich , Bishop Gail A. , Hollander Georg A. , Takahama Yousuke , Hodes Richard J. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Induction of tolerance to self-antigens in developing T cells depends on medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), whose development, in turn, requires signals from mature single-positive (SP) thymocytes, a bidirectional interdependence termed cross-talk. We have probed the mechanism that underlies this requirement for cross-talk. Strikingly, selective deletion in thymic epithelial cells of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), an inhibitor of nonclassical NF-kB signaling, resulted in development of normal numbers of fully mature mTECs in the complete absence of SP thymocytes. Thus, mTEC development can, in fact, occur in the absence of cross-talk with SP thymocytes, and the role of thymocytes is in overcoming TRAF3-imposed inhibition. We conclude that TRAF3 plays a central role in regulation of mTECs by imposing requirements for T cell cross-talk.
Visualization of two transfer RNAs trapped in transit during elongation factor G-mediated translocation
Authors: Ramrath David J. F. , Lancaster Laura , Sprink Thiemo , Mielke Thorsten , Loerke Justus , Noller Harry F. , Spahn Christian M. T. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
One of the most critical and complex steps of the protein synthesis elongation cycle is the coupled translocation of messenger (m)RNA and the A- and P-site transfer (t)RNAs through the ribosome, catalyzed by the elongation factor EF-G. This step involves large-scale molecular movements in the ribosome, including rotational movements of the body and head of the 30S subunit. Previously, structures have been obtained for trapped intermediates containing a single tRNA. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of an intermediate trapped with both tRNAs. This structure represents a previously missing link in understanding the mechanism of translocation, revealing that the ribosome uses two distinct molecular ratchets, involving both intra- and intersubunit rotational movements, to drive the synchronous movement of tRNAs and mRNA.
Genetic disruption of CD8
+
Treg activity enhances the immune response to viral infection
Authors: Holderried Tobias A. W. , Lang Philipp A. , Kim Hye-Jung , Cantor Harvey 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Cellular interactions that regulate the immune response of T cells to viral infection are poorly understood. Here we report that in the absence of activity of CD8 regulatory T-cells (CD8 Treg cells), antiviral immunity is enhanced and the deleterious effects of viral infection are constrained. Using a genetically modified mouse model that displays defective regulatory activity of CD8 Treg cells, the immune response against viruses was substantially enhanced during the acute and chronic phase of viral infection; this enhanced antiviral response prevented tissue damage associated with viral infection. This suggests that protective immunity to viral infection can be achieved by blocking the inhibitory effects of CD8 Treg cells and opens the possibility of unique approaches to treat viral infection.
Prediction of shot success for basketball free throws: Visual search strategy
Authors: Uchida Yusuke , Mizuguchi Nobuaki , Honda Masaaki , Kanosue Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn ball games, players have to pay close attention to visual information in order to predict the movements of both the opponents and the ball. Previous studies have indicated that players primarily utilise cues concerning the ball and opponents' body motion. The information acquired must be effective for observing players to select the subsequent action. The present study evaluated the effects of changes in the video replay speed on the spatial visual search strategy and ability to predict free throw success. We compared eye movements made while observing a basketball free throw by novices and experienced basketball players. Correct response rates were close to chance (50%) at all video speeds for the novices. The correct response rate of experienced players was significantly above chance (and significantly above that of the novices) at the normal speed, but was not different from chance at both slow and fast speeds. Experienced players gazed more on the lower part of the player's body when viewing a normal speed video than the novices. The players likely detected critical visual information to predict shot success by properly moving their gaze according to the shooter's movements. This pattern did not change when the video speed was decreased, but changed when it was increased. These findings suggest that temporal information is important for predicting action outcomes and that such outcomes are sensitive to video speed.
Prolate stars due to meridional flows
Authors: Fujisawa Kotaro , Eriguchi Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
We have shown analytically that shapes of incompressible stars could be prolate if appropriate meridional flows exist. Although this result is strictly valid only if either the meridional flow or the rotation is absent and the vorticity is associated uniformly with meridional flow, this implies that perpendicular forces against centrifugal and/or magnetic forces might play important roles within stars. A consequence of the presence of meridional flows might be to decrease stellar oblateness due to centrifugal and/or magnetic fields.
Identification of residues required for stalled-ribosome rescue in the codon-independent release factor YaeJ
Authors: Kogure Hiroyuki , Handa Yoshihiro , Nagata Masahiro , Kanai Naoto , Güntert Peter , Kubota Kenji , Nameki Nobukazu 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The YaeJ protein is a codon-independent release factor with peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis (PTH) activity, and functions as a stalled-ribosome rescue factor in Escherichia coli. To identify residues required for YaeJ function, we performed mutational analysis for in vitro PTH activity towards rescue of ribosomes stalled on a non-stop mRNA, and for ribosome-binding efficiency. We focused on residues conserved among bacterial YaeJ proteins. Additionally, we determined the solution structure of the GGQ domain of YaeJ from E. coli using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. YaeJ and a human homolog, ICT1, had similar levels of PTH activity, despite various differences in sequence and structure. While no YaeJ-specific residues important for PTH activity occur in the structured GGQ domain, Arg118, Leu119, Lys122, Lys129 and Arg132 in the following C-terminal extension were required for PTH activity. All of these residues are completely conserved among bacteria. The equivalent residues were also found in the C-terminal extension of ICT1, allowing an appropriate sequence alignment between YaeJ and ICT1 proteins from various species. Single amino acid substitutions for each of these residues significantly decreased ribosome-binding efficiency. These biochemical findings provide clues to understanding how YaeJ enters the A-site of stalled ribosomes.
Class and ideological orientations revisited: an exploration of class‐based mechanisms
Authors: Bengtsson Mattias , Berglund Tomas , Oskarson Maria 
Published: December 2013

AbstractStudies of the relationship between class position and political outlooks still only have a limited understanding of the class‐related mechanisms that matter for ideological orientations. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms that link class position and left/right and authoritarian/libertarian orientations. Besides main factors such as income, career prospects, job security, education, class origin and class identification, the significance of work‐related factors such as work autonomy, working in a team, a physically demanding job and a mentally demanding job is studied. The findings are based on a survey specifically designed for this purpose and collected in Sweden in 2008/2009. A great deal of the association between class position and left/right orientations is explained by socio‐economic conditions; different classes sympathize with policies that will benefit them economically. Another important factor is class identification. Work‐related factors also have relevance, but the effect of class position on left/right orientations works mainly through the remuneration system. Class position is also related to authoritarian/libertarian orientations. However, this relationship is less explained by socio‐economic position per se, but is rather an effect of the educational system and its allocation of the workforce into different class positions. It also turns out that work‐related factors do not explain the class effects; however, a physically demanding job shows a unique effect. Overall, our findings suggest that besides factors such as class position, income, education and class identification, we need to consider work‐related aspects to derive a more complete understanding of the distribution of ideological orientations in Western societies.
Class habitus and perception of the future: recession, employment insecurity and temporality
Authors: Atkinson Will 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the consequences of the recent economic downturn and UK government spending cuts, as exacerbations of prevailing trends in neoliberal employment policy, on temporal perception, specifically as it relates to the adaptation of subjective anticipations of and projections into the future to objective prospects of unemployment by class. Grounded in a phenomenologically‐minded Bourdieusian conceptualization of class and time and contextualized by statistics on chances of job loss, it draws on qualitative research with 57 individuals from across the class structure to chart differing dispositions toward the future. In particular, it distinguishes three orientations – the future as controllable, the future as uncontrollable and the future as reasonably controllable – which appear to correspond with resources possessed.