bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Integration of Adaptive and Interactive Robotic Smart Spaces
Authors: Dragone Mauro , Saunders Joe , Dautenhahn Kerstin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEnabling robots to seamlessly operate as part of smart spaces is an important and extended challenge for robotics R&D and a key enabler for a range of advanced robotic applications, such as AmbientAssisted Living (AAL) and home automation. The integration of these technologies is currently being pursued from two largely distinct view-points: On the one hand, people-centred initiatives focus on improving the user’s acceptance by tackling human-robot interaction (HRI) issues, often adopting a social robotic approach, and by giving to the designer and - in a limited degree – to the final user(s), control on personalization and product customisation features. On the other hand, technologically-driven initiatives are building impersonal but intelligent systems that are able to pro-actively and autonomously adapt their operations to fit changing requirements and evolving users’ needs, but which largely ignore and do not leverage human-robot interaction and may thus lead to poor user experience and user acceptance. In order to inform the development of a new generation of smart robotic spaces, this paper analyses and compares different research strands with a view to proposing possible integrated solutions with both advanced HRI and online adaptation capabilities.
Towards the synthetic self: making others perceive me as an other
Authors: Lallee Stephane , Vouloutsi Vasiliki , Munoz Maria Blancas , Grechuta Klaudia , Llobet Jordi-Ysard Puigbo , Sarda Marina , Verschure Paul F.M.J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFuture applications of robotic technologies will involve interactions with non-expert humans as machines will assume the role of companions, teachers or healthcare assistants. In all those tasks social behavior is a key ability that needs to be systematically investigated and modelled at the lowest level, as even a minor inconsistency of the robot’s behavior can greatly affect the way humans will perceive it and react to it. Here we propose an integrated architecture for generating a socially competent robot.We validate our architecture using a humanoid robot, demonstrating that gaze, eye contact and utilitarian emotions play an essential role in the psychological validity or social salience of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). We show that this social salience affects both the empathic bonding between the human and a humanoid robot and, to a certain extent, the attribution of a Theory of Mind (ToM). More specifically, we investigate whether these social cues affect other utilitarian aspects of the interaction such as knowledge transfer within a teaching context.
Sovereignty and Natural Law in the Legal Discourse of the Ancien Régime
Authors: Troper Michel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWhenever sovereignty is defined as a supreme, absolute, unfettered and unlimited power, there is an obvious contradiction between two ideas: that states are sovereign and that they can or should be limited. Nevertheless, while many legal texts proclaim sovereignty, there are several signs that states are indeed limited by constitutional or international law. In light of this situation, some authors claim that those texts are mere proclamations and that sovereignty is an obsolete concept, while others argue that states are still sovereign and that there are no real limits, but others still try to conceive of sovereignty as limited by morality or natural law. Professor Benvenisti’s remarkable theory of sovereigns as trustees of humanity is part of a very old tradition going back to the sixteenth century where sovereignty was defined as an absolute power, which is unlimited by positive law, yet based on and limited by natural law. This Article tries to show that this concept of sovereignty has emerged because of the necessity to provide a final point of imputation to the hierarchy of norms, and that the limitation by natural law was part of the original definition. Sovereignty so defined can usefully justify not only the power of kings and lawmakers but also that of courts trying to control kings and lawmakers.
Comparison of Na, K, Cl, Hb and Hct values measured by blood gas analyzer and laboratory auto-analyzer / Kan gazı analiz cihazı ve laboratuvar otoanalizörü tarafından ölçülen Na, K, Cl, Hb ve Hct değerlerinin karşılaştırılması
Authors: Kozacı Nalan , Oguzhan Ay Mehmet , Güven Ramazan , Şaşmaz İkbal , Karaca Adevviye 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Objective: Measurements of electrolyte levels made by blood gas analyzers or routine methods based on membrane and selective electrodes are expected similar performance characteristics that do not show significant differences. It is clinically important that those measurements should give equivalent results and confirm the closeness to the absolute value. In this study, it was aimed to compare sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) values measured with blood gas analyzer and standard automatic devices in the laboratory (lab) from venous blood samples.
Methods: A prospective, randomized study was conducted in simultaneous venous samples from antecubital regions of patients admitted to emergency department for various reasons, were analyzed for Na, K, Cl, Hb and Hct values on blood gas analyzer and standard automatic devices in the lab. The obtained data were compared statistically.
Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. A statistically significant correlation was found between laboratory and venous blood gas (vbg) Na, K, Cl, Hb and Hct values (p<0.001). The average difference between them was -7.9 mEq/L (r=0.720) for Na, 0.5 mEq/L (r=0.785) for K, -5.1mEq/L (r=0.790) for Cl, -0.14 grams/dL (r=0.757) for Hb and -% 1.54 (r=0.749) for Hct, respectively. Their correlation was formulated (Lab Na=vkg Nax0.621+46.081; Lab K=vkg Kx0.23+1.977; Lab Cl=vkg Clx0.847+11.050; Lab Hb=vkg Hbx0.583+5.015; Lab Hct=vkg Hctx0.565+15.024).
Conclusion: In our study, it was detected that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between venous blood Na, K, Cl, Hb and Hct values of blood gas analyzer and standard automated devices in lab, and closeness of the desired performance is provided.
Decomposition of Buried Bodies and Methods That May Aid in Their Location
Authors: Rodriguez WC , Bass WM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This is the second report on an ongoing study conducted to collect data on the decompositional rates of human cadavers and the first on buried cadavers. Six unembalmed human cadavers were buried separately in unlined trenches of various depths and allowed to naturally decompose for a time period ranging from a month to a year. During the period of burial, data were collected daily on the air, soil, and cadaver temperature at each burial site. At the end of each specified burial period the cadavers were exhumed and examined for the degree of decomposition which had taken place as well as changes in the soil pH, surface vegetation, and carrion insect activity. Analysis of the data shows that the decomposition rate of buried cadavers is highly dependent on the depth of burial and environmental temperatures. The depth at which the cadaver was buried also directly affected the degree of soil and vegetational changes as well as access by carrion insects. Application of this information can contribute to a more accurate estimation of time since death of a buried corpse and may aid in the location of such corpses.
Correlation of Circumstances with Pathological Findings in Asphyxial Deaths by Hanging: A Prospective Study of 61 Cases from Seattle, WA
Authors: Luke JL , Reay DT , Eisele JW , Bonnell HJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Correlation of the circumstances of death with the pathologic findings in this prospective study of deaths by hanging affords insight pertaining to certain of the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in fatalities of this type. The presence of conjunctival and facial/periorbital petechial hemorrhages correlates with increasing levels of body support below the point of ligature suspension. Hyoid bone and/or thyroid cartilage fractures (found in 26% of cases) are most frequently identified in those persons found completely suspended and in victims in the older age ranges. No hyoid bone/thyroid cartilage fractures, internal soft tissue injury, or petechiae were present in 13 (21%) of the study cases.
Multiple Deaths Resulting from Shipboard Exposure to Trichlorotrifluoroethane
Authors: Clark MA , Jones JW , Robinson JJ , Lord JT 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
During the course of dockside ship maintenance, a compartment was partially flooded with tricholotrifluoroethane gas. One sailor entered the compartment, collapsed, and was then rescued by two other men. All three victims then climbed a 11-m (36-ft) ladder and collapsed. They all experienced a rapid development of cardiac arrest. We report on the pathologic, toxicologic, and pathophysiologic aspects of the incident.
Air Embolism Complicating Percutaneous Ultrasonic Lithotripsy
Authors: Hobin FP 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This is a report of a lethal venous air embolism complicating percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy. Sudden death occurred during the course of the procedure. Evidence of air embolism was detected at autopsy. Air embolism occurred because a suction pump was connected backwards, forcing air into the urinary tract rather than aspirating irrigating fluid as intended. This mishap has not previously been reported as a complication of this procedure.
Infrared Luminescence: Is It a Valid Method To Differentiate Among Inks?
Authors: Sensi CA , Cantu AA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Although infrared luminescence has been accepted as a valid method to differentiate among inks since at least 1963, the effect of household chemicals or body fluids on infrared luminescence properties has not been evaluated. Many ink formulations contain one or more components that luminesce under infrared irradiation. In about 50% of all ink formulations, these components cannot be seen under luminescence. This masking effect was diminished in one of these inks by treating the ink line with body oil, perspiration, acetone, acetic acid, hand lotion, milk, water, Windex $#X00AE; and twelve other solutions found in a household, allowing the luminescent properties not previously visible to be readily discerned. This phenomenon casts doubt on the reliability of using solely infrared luminescence to differentiate among inks.
Application of Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission Technique to Gunshot Residue Analyses
Authors: Sen P , Panigrahi N , Rao MS , Varier KM , Sen S , Mehta GK 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique was applied to the identification and analysis of gunshot residues. Studies were made of the type of bullet and bullet hole identification, firearm discharge element profiles, the effect of various target backings, and hand swabbings. The discussion of the results reviews the sensitivity of the PIXE technique, its nondestructive nature, and its role in determining the distance from the gun to the victim and identifying the type of bullet used and whether a wound was made by a bullet or not. The high sensitivity of the PIXE technique, which is able to analyze samples as small as 0.1 to 1 ng, and its usefulness for detecting a variety of elements should make it particularly useful in firearms residue investigations.
A Purinethol® (6-Mercaptopurine) Fatality in a Case of Prescription Negligence: A Gas Chromatographic Determination of 6-Mercaptopurine
Authors: Lin R-L , Stein RJ , Schaffer MI 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A 64-year-old white female was given Purinethol® (6-mercaptopurine) in place of propylthiouracil. A gas chromatographic method for the determination of 6-mercaptopurine in blood and other biological tissues has been developed. Samples were extracted with chloroform/isopropanol (4:1) at pH 7.0 and back-extracted into 0.SN sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The NaOH fraction was neutralized and buffered at pH 7.0 and extracted with chloroform/isopropanol (4:1). Quantitation was made by gas chromatography following methylation of the drug with trimethylanilinum hydroxide on an OV-101 or OV-225 column, using an internal standard. 6-Mercaptopurine was identified in all tissues by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The derivatized drug was identified by its electron impact mass spectrum as a dimethylated compound that has a molecular ion at m/e 180, which is also the base peak. The highest concentration of Purinethol was found in blood (110 mg/L). Concentrations in other tissues have been given. This is probably the first reported death by Purinethol.
Examination for Petrolatum Based Lubricants in Evidence from Rapes and Sodomies
Authors: Blackledge RD , Cabiness LR 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe detection of petrolatum based lubricants on evidence submissions from rapes and forcible sodomies and their extraction and comparison with standards can help to substantiate the victim's allegation. Sixteen commercial products having a petrolatum base were uniquely distinguished by the combination of gas-liquid chromatography and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, and as little as 0.5 mg of product could be identified.
Homicide with a Black Powder Handgun
Authors: DeHaan JD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A young white male was found shot to death in the entry hall of his home. The nature of the projectiles found in the body and the appearance of unusual residues on the walls of the hallway suggested that a percussion cap black powder weapon had been used. Interviews with acquaintances of the victim also suggested that a percussion cap revolver may have been involved, and it became of critical importance to reconstruct the circumstances of the crime, since the weapon itself was not recovered. Weapons similar to that allegedly used were test-fired under controlled conditions and residues from the muzzle and cylinder blast were compared to residues at the scene. Based upon these comparisons, standard distance determinations, the pathological findings, and the characteristics of the recovered projectiles, the dynamics of both victim and perpetrator could be reconstructed. Their relative positions and the sequence of shots were also reconstructed. The comparisons conducted in this case revealed that black powder revolvers produce large amounts of unusual residues which supplement the usual range of firearm evidence to make even complex reconstructions possible.
A Feasibility Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Typing for Dried Bloodstains
Authors: Nelson MS , Turner LL , Reisner EG 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper constitutes a feasibility report on the use of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system for the typing of dried bloodstains. Antigens tested include the HLA-A2, A3, A10, B7, B8, and B14 alleles. An aging study conducted on A3 positive bloodstains showed that HLA-A3 could be reliably detected on bloodstains stored up to 30 days at 22°C Unlike most earlier reports on HLA typing of bloodstains, no cross-reactivity problems were detected with the antisera used in this study. In addition to the successful typing of bloodstains, we were also able to type fresh, neat seminal and saliva stains in the A2 and A10 antigenic systems.
A Review of Lawyer's Guide to Forensic Medicine Handbook for Court & Chambers
Authors: Froede RC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The author has designed this short volume as a rapid reference in forensic medicine based upon an alphabetical listing of the more common terms and topics in forensic pathology and forensic medicine that would appear or be used in criminal and civil litigation. It does not presume to be comprehensive or act as a resource for expert opinion. The volume would be most useful to the neophyte attorney without any background in the forensic science area beginning to prepare for the first medicolegal case. It does present fairly concise definitions with some description of the signs of that entity as well as brief discussion of the various diagnostic tests. Unfortunately, the brevity of these descriptions might have a tendency to lead the novice into erroneous thinking and case preparation. Some of the descriptions do not account for the multiple variations that may be observed in injury or in tests results. Some tests are still included that are rarely used today, for example, testing for diatoms. A secondary value of the volume is the line drawings with explanations that would well serve as the basis of similar or more complicated demonstrative exhibits useful as evidence. The volume still refers to toxic levels than the more preferred and precise terminology of toxic concentrations. The book is designed for British courts and so has limits in interpretive value in courts of other countries. The recommended reading list is also of limited value in that it is taken primarily from British publications.
Equations for Estimating Age at Death from the Pubic Symphysis: A Modification of the Mckern-Stewart Method
Authors: Snow CC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Morphological changes of the pubic symphysis provide an important means of estimating age at death in the adult skeleton. Today, the most widely used method of symphysial aging is the three-component system devised by McKern and Stewert for males and modified by Gilbert and McKern for females. Examination of the published data for both sexes reveals that the relationship of total symphysial score with predicted age and observed standard deviations can be expressed by a set of simple linear and polynominial equations. This approach is more statistically efficient since it uses the total data base rather then independently treated data subsets in predicting age from total symphysial score. It has the added advantage of providing a simple method of predicting symphysial age on small computers or programmable calculators.
Collection and Preservation of Forensically Important Entomological Materials
Authors: Lord WD , Burger JF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The insects and other invertebrates colonizing corpses as decomposition progresses can provide valuable information concerning the time and manner of death. Accurate determinations are possible, however, only when representative specimens are properly collected and preserved. The protocol developed by the authors describes equipment and techniques for sampling, preserving, packaging, shipping, and rearing forensically important insects. This information should aid medicolegal professionals in data collection, allowing accurate determinations by entomological means.
Measurement of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Whole Blood Samples from Impaired Motorists
Authors: Zimmermann EG , Yeager EP , Soares JR , Hollister LE , Reeve VC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The major psychoactive cannabinoid in marihuana, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol(THC) was measured in 1792 randomly selected blood specimens from erratic motorists arrested for impairment who submitted to blood alcohol sampling. Of these specimens, 14.4% were positive for THC (5.5 ng/mL). In those erratic driver specimens negative for alcohol THC positives rose to 23%. Drivers who used marihuana covered a broad age range. Aliquots of hemolyzed blood (10 μL) were analyzed by a sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) not requiring extraction. RIA accuracy and specificity were validated by gas liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GLC/MS) split pair analysis (correlation coefficient = 0.93). This initial experience should facilitate and amplify a program designed to set forth the epidemiology of marihuana use in motorists and possible behavioral correlates.
Alzheimer's Disease and Its Effect on Handwriting
Authors: Behrendt JE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The fact that illness and age can have an effect on a person's writing has been recognized since the principles of handwriting identification were first promulgated. Most of the attention give to this subject, however, has focused on infirmities that cause physical impairment. In contrast, Alzheimer's disease is a disorder that primarily manifests itself as a mental dysfunction. The causes and effects of various forms of senile dementia, and the medications commonly employed in the treatment thereof, are discussed in this article. The focus is on Alzheimer's disease and the effects that may be seen in the individual's writing as the disease progresses.
Postmortem Stability of Barbiturates in Blood and Tissues
Authors: Levine BS , Blanke RV , Valentour JC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The stability of five commonly prescribed barbiturates and thiopental in blood and liver at room temperature and at 4°C was studied. Gas chromatography was used for oxybarbiturate analysis while liquid chromatography was used to quantitate thiopental. In blood and liver, greater than 75% of the drugs were detected at the end of the two- to three-month period. These changes were not considered significant; therefore, barbiturates appear to be stable in blood and liver under the conditions of these experiments.
Correlation of Glass Density and Refractive Index—Implications to Density Gradient Construction
Authors: Thornton JI , Langhauser C , Kahane D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Regression analysis and analysis of covariance demonstrates (1) a high correlation between glass density and refractive index and (2) continuity in the regression line throughout the entire range of glass density values. Once a refractive index value is obtained, reference to the regression line will provide an approximate density value, knowledge of which will assist the analyst in preparing a particularly discriminating density gradient system.
Improved Recovery and Stability of Ethanol in Automated Headspace Analysis
Authors: Christmore DS , Kelly RC , Doshier LA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Solutions are reported here for two problems in automated headspace gas chromatographic analysis for ethanol. The first is the catalytic oxidation of ethanol by oxyhemoglobin, a process that is limited only by the amount of oxygen in the sealed vessel. This reaction is prevented by the addition of sodium dithionite. The other problem, the lack of a suitable salting-out agent, led to the selection of ammonium sulfate, which improved recovery of ethanol as well as enhancing method precision. A procedure incorporating these improvements is described.
The Identification of Methoxy-N-Methylamphetamines
Authors: Clark CC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Thirteen mono, di, and trimethoxy-N-methylamphetamines have been synthesized and characterized. Gas liquid chromatographic data and ultraviolet, infrared, proton magnetic resonance, and mass spectra are presented. The specificity of each technique for the identification of methoxy-N-methylamphetamines is discussed.
Postmortem Methemoglobin Concentrations and Their Significance
Authors: Reay DT , Insalaco SJ , Eisele JW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Small concentrations of methemoglobin are present in the blood of normal individuals. Increased concentrations of methemoglobin can be formed by the action of certain chemicals or drugs, or in individuals with specific genetic defects. There is little information available concerning the validity of postmortem methemoglobin concentration as an indicator of antemortem methemoglobinemia. We measured blood concentrations of methemoglobin in 49 autopsy specimens. We conclude that postmortem methemoglobin concentrations are not valid indicators of antemortem methemoglobinemia.