bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosgenite, Pb2CO3Cl2 – a novel SRS‐active crystal
Authors: Bohatý Ladislav , Becker Petra , Rhee Hanjo , Kaltenbach André , Eichler Hans J. , Yoneda Hitoki , Shirakawa Akira , Ueda Ken‐ichi , Kaminskii Alexander A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLead carbonate chloride, Pb2CO3Cl2, known as mineral phosgenite, is introduced as a novel SRS‐active carbonate crystal with tetragonal symmetry. Under picosecond one‐micron laser pumping Raman‐induced χ(3)‐nonlinear generation in the near‐IR is observed. All recorded high‐order Stokes and anti‐Stokes sidebands are identified and attributed to two SRS‐promoting vibration modes with ωSRS1 ≈ 1062 cm–1 and ωSRS2 ≈ 86 cm–1.magnified imageExample of a natural crystal of phosgenite, Pb2CO3Cl2, from the locality of Monte Poni, Sardinia. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of optical and electromagnetic tracking for navigated lateral skull base surgery
Authors: Kral Florian , Puschban Elisabeth J. , Riechelmann Herbert , Freysinger Wolfgang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundNavigation with optical tracking sometimes makes it difficult to establish a line‐of‐sight in cluttered operating theatres. On the other hand, the accuracy of electromagnetic tracking is influenced by ferromagnetic surgical equipment. We compared electromagnetic with optical tracking under controlled conditions for the lateral skull base.MethodsSix anatomical specimens were dissected to measure the target registration error (TRE) in and around the petrous bone in a wet laboratory to simulate an intraoperative setting. Specimens were registered with passive optical and electromagnetic tracking.ResultsOverall accuracy was better using optical tracking than electromagnetic tracking (0.22 mm; 0.07–0.48 vs 0.99 mm; 0.56–1.27 mm; median, lower and upper quartiles, respectively; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe accuracy of optical tracking was near the resolution of the camera system, whereas the accuracy of electromagnetic tracking was lower. Only optical tracking allows for an application accuracy of considerably less than 1 mm in high‐resolution datasets. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrolytic Cationic Ester Microparticles for Highly Efficient DNA Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Zhang Lei , Sinclair Andrew , Cao Zhiqiang , Ella‐Menye Jean‐Rene , Xu Xuewei , Carr Louisa R. , Pun Suzie H. , Jiang Shaoyi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDNA vaccination holds great potential to be a safer and more efficient alternative to traditional vaccination strategies, but the current lack of nontoxic and effective delivery systems is the greatest impediment to its clinical implementation. In this work, a convenient one‐step method is used to prepare a degradable “microgel” delivery platform, featuring hydrolytic esters. Prior to hydrolysis, these micrometer‐sized gel particles can effectively condense DNA due to their positive surface charge. Upon entering antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), the microgels can be hydrolyzed to nontoxic zwitterionic polymers, consequently releasing the DNA and inducing phagosomal escape. Surface charge, DNA loading, cytotoxicity, and gene transfection efficiency of the hydrolysable microparticles with different tertiary to quaternary amine ratios are systematically studied. Nonhydrolysable counterparts and commercially developed PLGA‐CTAB particles are used as the control. The passive targeting effect is further evaluated by blocking the phagocytosis pathway of the cells. The hydrolytic microgels prepared in this study possess great potential to become a platform for DNA vaccine delivery.
B-Cell Progenitors and Precursors Change Their Microenvironment in Fetal Liver During Early Development
Authors: Tsuneto Motokazu , Tokoyoda Koji , Kajikhina Ekaterina , Hauser Anja E. , Hara Takahiro , Tani-ichi Shizue , Ikuta Koichi , Melchers Fritz 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe microenvironments, in which B lymphocytes develop in fetal liver, are largely still unknown. Among the nonhematopoietic cells, we have identified and FACS-separated two subpopulations, CD45−TER119−VCAM-1+ cells that are either CD105highLYVE-1high or CD105lowALCAMhigh. Immunohistochemical analyses find three of four c-Kit+IL-7Rα+B220lowCD19−SLC− B progenitors in contact with vascular endothelial-type LYVE-1high cells on embryonic day 13.5. One day later c-Kit+IL-7Rα+ cells develop to CD19− and +, SLC-expressing, DHJH-rearranged pre/pro and pro/preB-I cells. Less than 10% are still in contact with LYVE-1high cells, but half of them are now in contact with mesenchymally derived ALCAMhigh liver cells. All of these ALCAMhigh cells, but not the LYVE-1high cells produce IL-7 and CXCL12, while both produce CXCL10. Progenitors and pro/preB-I cells are chemoattracted in vitro toward CXCL10 and 12, suggesting that lymphoid progenitors with Ig gene loci in germline configuration enter the developing fetal liver at E13.5 from vascular endothelium, attracted by CXCL10, and then migrate within a day to an ALCAMhigh liver cell microenvironment, differentiating to DHJH-rearranging, surrogate light chain-expressing pre/proB and pro/preB-I cells, attracted by CXCL10 and 12. Between E15.5 and E16.5 preB-I cells expand 10-fold in continued contact with ALCAMhigh cells and begin VH- to DHJH-rearrangements in further differentiated c-Kit−IL-7Rα− preBII cells. STEM Cells 2013;31:2800–2812
Fetal Deficiency of Lin28 Programs Life-Long Aberrations in Growth and Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Shinoda Gen , Shyh-Chang Ng , Soysa T. Yvanka de , Zhu Hao , Seligson Marc T. , Shah Samar P. , Abo-Sido Nora , Yabuuchi Akiko , Hagan John P. , Gregory Richard I. , Asara John M. , Cantley Lewis C. , Moss Eric G. , Daley George Q. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
LIN28A/B are RNA binding proteins implicated by genetic association studies in human growth and glucose metabolism. Mice with ectopic over-expression of Lin28a have shown related phenotypes. Here, we describe the first comprehensive analysis of the physiologic consequences of Lin28a and Lin28b deficiency in knockout (KO) mice. Lin28a/b-deficiency led to dwarfism starting at different ages, and compound gene deletions showed a cumulative dosage effect on organismal growth. Conditional gene deletion at specific developmental stages revealed that fetal but neither neonatal nor adult deficiency resulted in growth defects and aberrations in glucose metabolism. Tissue-specific KO mice implicated skeletal muscle-deficiency in the abnormal programming of adult growth and metabolism. The effects of Lin28b KO could be rescued by Tsc1 haplo-insufficiency in skeletal muscles. Our data implicate fetal expression of Lin28a/b in the regulation of life-long effects on metabolism and growth, and demonstrate that fetal Lin28b acts at least in part via mTORC1 signaling.
Multipotential differentiation of human urine-derived stem cells: Potential for therapeutic applications in urology
Authors: Bharadwaj Shantaram , Liu Guihua , Shi Yingai , Wu Rongpei , Yang Bin , He Tongchuan , Fan Yuxin , Lu Xinyan , Zhou Xiaobo , Liu Hong , Atala Anthony , Rohozinski Jan , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We sought to biologically characterize and identify a subpopulation of urine-derived stem cells (USCs) with the capacity for multipotent differentiation. We demonstrated that single USCs can expand to a large population with 60–70 population doublings. Nine of 15 individual USC clones expressed detectable levels of telomerase and have long telomeres. These cells expressed pericyte and mesenchymal stem cell markers. Upon induction with appropriate media in vitro, USCs differentiated into bladder-associated cell types, including functional urothelial and smooth muscle cell lineages. When the differentiated USCs were seeded onto a scaffold and subcutaneously implanted into nude mice, multilayered tissue-like structures formed consisting of urothelium and smooth muscle. Additionally, USCs were able to differentiate into endothelial, osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, skeletal myogenic, and neurogenic lineages but did not form teratomas during the 1-month study despite telomerase activity. USCs may be useful in cell-based therapies and tissue engineering applications, including urogenital reconstruction.
Experiments on lightning protection for automatic weather stations using artificially triggered lightning
Authors: Zhang Yijun , Chen Shaodong , Zheng Dong , Lu Weitao , Li Bin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper focuses on the voltages electromagnetically induced by the multiple return strokes involved in a triggered lightning on an overhead power line and a vertical signal line of an automatic weather station (AWS), and the backflow currents and residual voltages in a surge protection device (SPD) embedded in the power line. Pulses of voltage on the overhead power line corresponding to the return strokes with the peak currents ranging from −6.67 to −26.47 kA showed bipolar features. Subpeaks and main peaks ranged from 0.99 to 4.47 kV and from −4.98 to −10.31 kV, respectively. The voltage waveforms corresponding to the return strokes on the vertical signal line of wind speed were of two types: with and without a subpeak after the main peak. All the main peaks, with the peak value from −0.41 to −3.10 kV, were ‘V’ shaped. A significant relationship exists between the peak currents of the return strokes and the 10–90% average gradients of the voltages. The peaks of currents through the SPD ranged from −0.22 to −1.64 kA. The durations of residual voltages ranged from 0.6 to 5.9 ms, average value being 2.1 ms. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Coarse‐grained methods for polymeric materials: enthalpy‐ and entropy‐driven models
Authors: Carbone Paola , Avendaño Carlos 
Published: May 2013

Polymers are multiscale systems by construction. They are formed by several monomeric units connected by covalent bonds whose chemical nature defines the rigidity of the chain. The interconnection between the monomeric units determines the interdependence of the motion of the different chain segments and the intrinsic multiscale nature of polymeric materials. This characteristic is reflected on the different modeling techniques that can be used to simulate polymeric materials. Because of the large conformational space that needs to be sampled when simulating polymers, coarse‐grained (CG) models are commonly used and depending on which part of the system free energy (enthalpy, entropy, or both) is relevant for the properties of interest, the appropriate modeling techniques should be used. Each model is characterized by advantages and limitations that can have a great impact on the quality of the results obtained. In this overview, we address some of the more common CG techniques presented in the literature for the modeling of polymeric materials at different length scales. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2014, 4:62–70. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1149This article is categorized under:

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte-Carlo Methods
Preparation of sulfur reference materials that reproduce atmospheric particulate matter sample characteristics for XRF calibration
Authors: Indresand H. , White W. H. , Trzepla K. , Dillner A. M. 
Published: May 2013

Energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) is an important tool used in routine elemental analysis of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) samples collected on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filters. The method requires calibration against thin‐film standards of known elemental masses commonly obtained from commercial suppliers. These standards serve as a convenient and widely accepted interlaboratory reference but can differ significantly from samples in their chemical composition, substrate, and geometry. These differences can introduce uncertainties regarding the absolute accuracy of the calibration for atmospheric samples.Continuous elemental records of the US Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) PM monitoring network extend back to 1988. Evaluation of long‐term concentration trends and comparison with other networks demand a calibration that is accurate and precise compared with the uncertainty of the XRF measurement itself. We describe a method to prepare sulfur reference materials that are optimized for calibration of XRF instruments used to analyze IMPROVE PM samples. The reference materials are prepared by using the atmospheric form of the element, by reproducing the sample geometry, and by using the same substrate as in samples. Our results show that stable, pure, anhydrous, and stoichiometric deposits are collected onto the filter substrates, and furthermore, that the reference material masses are accurate and have acceptable uncertainty in the measurement range. The XRF response of the sulfur reference materials is similar to other commercial standards and is linear in the measurement range, and the slope of the multipoint calibration curve has very low uncertainty. These reference materials are valid for the calibration of XRF systems, and they bring improved transparency and credibility to the IMPROVE calibration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amebic Acute Appendicitis: Systematic Review of 174 Cases
Authors: Otan Emrah , Akbulut Sami , Kayaalp Cuneyt 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the clinical and demographic features of acute amebic appendicitis by reviewing the reported cases.MethodsThe PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched to identify articles related to amebic appendicitis using key words. The search included all articles published between 1935 and 2012 without restricting language, journal, or country.ResultsA total of 174 cases of amebic appendicitis reported in 42 articles were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 23.5 years (range 2 months–83 years). The majority of patients were male (74.0 %), and the majority of cases were reported from countries with high/moderate risk for amebiasis (76.5 %). A history of traveling to a high/moderate‐risk country was cited in 64.0 % of the overall cases. The interval between travel and onset of clinical symptoms ranged from months to years. History of or coexisting dysenteric diarrhea was present in only 7.0 and 14.0 % of overall cases, respectively. A preoperative diagnosis of amebiasis was cited for only five cases (3.0 %). Complicated appendicitis was present in 30.7 % of cases, some of which required colon resection. Severe postoperative intraabdominal complications (e.g., liver abscess, abdominal sepsis, gastrointestinal fistula, hemorrhage) occurred in 19.4 % of surgery‐treated patients. The overall mortality rate was 3.2 %.ConclusionAppendectomy specimens should be routinely sent for histopathologic examination. In the case of suspected amebic acute appendicitis, extra precautions—early appendectomy, metronidazole for antibiotic prophylaxis, wet‐preparation examination, obtaining a timely pathology result, increasing the awareness of uncommon complications of appendectomy—can hasten appropriate therapeutic intervention and improve outcome.
Patient Attitudes toward Transaxillary Robot‐assisted Thyroidectomy
Authors: Linos Dimitrios , Kiriakopoulos Andreas , Petralias Athanassios 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe transaxillary robot‐assisted technique constitutes an acceptable treatment option for patients requiring thyroidectomy. However, patients’ attitudes toward this new technique have not yet been analyzed.MethodsA sample of 596 randomly selected patients who underwent thyroidectomy between January 2000 and March 2010 was assessed. We evaluated patients’ attitudes toward transaxillary robot‐assisted thyroidectomy, taking into account the validated Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire, the SF‐36 Health Survey Questionnaire, and 11 sociodemographic and surgical patient characteristics.ResultsOnly 11.6 % of the patients would prefer to have been treated with the transaxillary method. Most patients had concerns that it would be a more painful procedure (39.2 %), and they expressed satisfaction with the existing esthetic outcome (29.1 %); other concerns were that the robotic approach would be of longer duration (25.4 %) and at higher cost (15.5 %). Nevertheless, the worse the appearance of the neck scar the more preferable is the new method (p = 0.025), a result that holds true irrespective of patients’ physical health, the invasive procedure attained (conventional or minimal), and the presence of postoperative complications, among other characteristics. Patients diagnosed with a benign or uncertain neoplasm (p = 0.022) and younger patients (p = 0.003) held a more positive view of the new method.ConclusionsPatients who have undergone conventional thyroidectomy via the usual neck incision do not express a preference for the transaxillary method. The reasons given include various perceived disadvantages of the robotic procedure (increased pain, longer operative times, and higher cost). Younger patients, patients with poor appearance of their neck scar, and patients with benign thyroid pathology seem to hold a more positive attitude toward the robotic approach.
Hepatectomy for Huge Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Single Institute’s Experience
Authors: Yang Lianyue , Xu Jiangfeng , Ou Dipeng , Wu Wei , Zeng Zhijun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe surgical resection of huge hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still controversial. This study was designed to introduce our experience of liver resection for huge HCC and evaluate the safety and outcomes of hepatectomy for huge HCC.MethodsA total of 258 hepatic resections for the patients with huge HCC were analysed retrospectively from December 2002 to December 2011. The operative outcomes were compared with 293 patients with HCC >5.0 cm but <10.0 cm in diameter. Prognostic factors for long‐term survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe 1‐, 3‐, 5‐year overall survival rates after liver resection were 84, 62, and 33 %. Overall survival and disease‐free survival in huge HCC group and HCC >5.0 cm but <10.0 cm group were similar (P = 0.751, P = 0.493). Solitary huge HCC group has significantly a more longer overall and disease‐free survival time than nodular huge HCC (P = 0.026, P = 0.022). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the types of tumour, vascular invasion, and UICC stage were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (P = 0.047, P = 0.037, P = 0.033).ConclusionsHepatic resection can be performed safely for huge HCC with a low mortality and favorable survival outcomes. Solitary huge HCC has the better surgical outcomes than nodular huge HCC.
Relationship between oxidative stress and clinical pregnancy in assisted reproductive technology treatment cycles
Authors: Aydin Yunus , Ozatik Orhan , Hassa Hikmet , Ulusoy Dilek , Ogut Serdal , Sahin Fezan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Purpose
To examine the relationship between serum total oxidant (TOS) and antioxidant (TAS) levels and clinical pregnancy in assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles.

Methods
Prior to and after oocyte pick-up (OPU) and embryo transfer (ET), blood samples were collected from gynecologically normal females (n = 70) who were enrolled for ART solely due to male factor infertility. TAS, TOS levels and oxidative stress indexes (OSI: TOS/TAS) in four phases of treatment cycle (pre and post OPU and ET) between clinically pregnant and non-pregnant patients were compared. Critical cut-off values of significantly different TAS, TOS levels and OSIes for clinical pregnancy were established.

Results
The TAS levels in patients with clinical pregnancy were significantly higher in all of the four phases of the cycle. Post-OPU and pre-ET TOS levels were significantly higher in clinically pregnant patients. According to OSIes; only the pre-OPU OSI was significantly lower in clinically pregnant patients compared with non-pregnant ones. Moreover, the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) from the seven different significant measurements [1) pre-OPU OSI, 2) pre-OPU TAS, 3) post-OPU TAS, 4) pre-ET TAS, 5) post-ET TAS, 6) post-OPU TOS, 7) pre-ET TOS] was related to pre-OPU OSI.

Conclusions
In ART cycles, women with a higher total antioxidant status prior to and after OPU and prior to and after ET have an increased probability of clinical pregnancy. Additionally; OSI before OPU was one of the most important determinants for clinical pregnancy, so the oxidant and antioxidant balance is as important as the antioxidant concentration alone.
2‐Monochloro‐1,3‐propanediol (2‐MCPD) Dynamics in DGF Standard Methods and Quantification of 2‐MCPD
Authors: Sato Hirofumi , Kaze Naoki , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Watanabe Yomi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPure 2‐monochloro‐1,3‐propanediol (2‐MCPD) was successfully synthesized, identified, and first quantified by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Fettwissenschaft (DGF) standard method C‐VI 18 (10), with a calculable detection sensitivity relative to 3‐monochloro‐1,2‐propanediol (3‐MCPD) of 3.26‐fold, using a QP‐2010 GC/MS instrument. The detection sensitivities of other GC/MS instruments can be determined using the individual ion‐ratio of the fragment to the precursor of 3‐MCPD‐d5 as a reference. Quantification of 2‐MCPD is possible using conventional 3‐MCPD‐d5 esters as internal‐standards, without a calibration curve of pure 2‐MCPD. The dynamics of 2‐MCPD during DGF standard methods C‐VI 18 (10) were directly analyzed using NMR and indirectly using GC/MS. 2‐MCPD was partly converted to glycidol under basic conditions of the transesterification step, and the glycidol was reconverted to 2‐MCPD under acidic conditions of the extraction step. 2‐MCPD spiked in soybean oil was detected as 98 mol% 2‐MCPD and 2 mol% 3‐MCPD from the area ratio in GC/MS. In contrast, glycidyl stearate spiked in soybean oil was detected as 5.5–5.7 mol% 2‐MCPD and 94.3–94.5 mol% 3‐MCPD from the corrected area ratio in GC/MS.
Time‐changed Lévy jump processes with GARCH model on reverse convertibles
Authors: Simi Wei W. , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFor decades, financial institutions have been very motivated in creating structured high‐yield financial products, especially in the economic environment of lower interest rates. Reverse convertible notes (RCNs) are the type of financial instruments, which in recent years first in Europe and then in the US – have become highly desirable financial structured products. They are complex financial structured products because they are neither plain bonds nor stocks. Instead, they are structured products embedding equity options, which involve a significant amount of asset returns' uncertainty. Given this fact, pricing of reverse convertible notes becomes a really big challenge, where both the general Black–Scholes option pricing model and the compound Poisson jump model which are designed to catch large crashes, are not suitable in valuing these kinds of products. In this paper, we propose a new asset‐pricing framework for reverse convertible notes by extending the pure Brownian increments to Lévy jump risks for the underlying stock return movements. Our framework deals with time‐changing volatilities of stock options with Lévy jump processes by considering the stocks' infinite‐jump possibilities. We then use a discrete‐time GARCH with time‐changed dynamics Lévy Jump processes in order to derive the assets' valuations. The results from our new model are close to the market's valuations, especially with the normal‐inverse‐Gaussian model of the Lévy jump family.