bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of delamination occurrence in the drilling process of the carbon fiber/PEI composite
Authors: Silva Carolina , Silva Thiago , Guimaraes Alessandro , Kondo Marcel , Alves Manoel , Rezende Mirabel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Among the types of composite materials, those with thermoplastic matrices have gained importance due to their potential for recycling, lower manufacturing costs, and exceptional impact resistance. However, the machining process of composite materials differs significantly from that used for metals due to their non-homogeneous and anisotropic nature, making the process much more complex and challenging. Moreover, in many cases, the fibers used as reinforcement are highly abrasive, which significantly affects the machining process. Among structural thermoplastic composites, those based on polyetherimide (PEI) matrix show excellent potential for applications in structures with high-performance requirements. This study aims to determine the best drilling parameters to introduce open-hole in specimens of PEI reinforced with continuous carbon fibers (CF) with a minimum delamination. To achieve this, four different cutting tools with different materials and geometries (carbide tool 118°, carbide tool 140°, diamond tool 90°, and carbide tool with two-point angles 90° and 118°) were tested, along with three rotational speeds (4000, 6000, and 8000 rpm) combined with three distinct feed rates (0.025, 0.038, and 0.050 mm/rev) using a full factorial experimental design. A statistical analysis of variance and Tukey’s test were applied to determine the influence of the parameters and to identify the best machining parameters as well as those most suitable for minimizing delamination. The obtained results showed that the damage in the entrance of the hole is influenced by the rotation and geometry of tools, which are bigger for higher rotation, and also by the point angle of the tool, with the 140°-point angle showing less damage than the 118°-point angle. For the exit of the hole, the only variable that directly influenced the outcome was the tool type. The results show that the diamond tool for hole entry/exit has superior finishing. The delamination results at the entrance and exit of the hole indicate that the best drilling parameters are rotation of 4000 rpm, diamond cutting tool with a point angle of 90°, in any of the conditions tested.
Knowledge, attitude, and factors associated with household chemical safety practices among caregivers of children in Kampala; a mixed methods study
Authors: Akello Trophy , Nakalembe Doreen , Galiwango Jovan , Nalugya Aisha , Wejuli Junior Mike , Tamale Bridget Nagawa , Kansiime Winnie K. , Nakiggala Joana , Mugambe Richard K. , Isunju John Bosco , Ssekamatte Tonny 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

To date, there is widespread use of household chemical products. However, more about caregiver knowledge, attitudes, and chemical safety practices needs to be known, as they are primarily responsible for children's safety, health, and well-being. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach embedded in a mixed-methods sequential explanatory study design to explore knowledge, attitude, and chemical safety practices among caregivers of children. Over 67.8% (261/385) of caregivers exhibited poor chemical safety practices. Poor chemical safety practices were associated with being aged 25–35 years (APR: 1.22, 95% CI: (1.00-1.50), p = 0.048), awareness of the practices that increase the risk of exposure to HCPs (APR: 0.83, 95%CI: (0.71–0.96), p = 0.017), knowing whether chemical poisoning could be prevented or not (APR: 0.81, 95%CI: (0.67–0.97), p = 0.027), agreeing to usually checking product labels for warnings and instructions before using HCPs (APR: 0.83, 95% CI: (0.73–0.95), p = 0.009), agreeing that proper ventilation was necessary when using household chemicals (APR: 0.83, 95% CI: (0.73–0.95), p = 0.009), and feeling confident that one can respond effectively in case of a chemical poisoning emergency (APR: 0.82, 95%CI: (0.72–0.93), p = 0.003). Overall, caregivers of children exhibited poor chemical safety practices. There is a need for enhanced investment in health education training programs on chemical safety.
Impact of lipodystrophy syndrome on the quality of life of patients receiving antiretroviral treatment: a cross-sectional, observational study
Authors: Oliveira Jair Caetano , Mayitondelua Nzuzi , Buccio Isabela Pietra , Kruppa Mariele , Ignácio Sérgio Aparecido , Camargo Elisa Souza , Schaia Juliana , Souza Paulo Henrique Couto , Azevedo-Alanis Luciana Reis , Macedo Nayara Flores 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

To evaluate the impact of lipodystrophy syndrome on the quality of life (QoL) of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The Sociodemographic and Clinical Health Characterization Form for PLWHA, Quality of Life Assessment Scale, and Self-Perceived Body Changes Questionnaire were administered to subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection, receiving antiretroviral therapy for ≥ 6 months. Facial examination was performed to obtain Facial Lipoatrophy Index (FLI). The Student's t-test and chi-squared test were applied using a significance level of 5%. Of the 95 subjects, 77.89% were male, 62.11% identified as homosexual, and 52.63% were < 40 years. Seventy-three (76.84%) subjects reported having noticed body changes, mainly in the abdominal region (71.23%), and waist (54.79%). FLI revealed a mild degree of facial lipoatrophy in 91.58% of subjects, moderate in 7.37%, and severe in 1.05%. The mean QoL was 72.01. The domains of life satisfaction, medication concerns, and acceptance of HIV revealed lower scores in subjects who self-perceived body changes (p < 0.05) than in those who did not. The objectively assessed degree of loss in facial volume did not significantly affect QoL. PLWHA exhibited low QoL, which was even more significant among those who presented with lipodystrophy associated with the use of antiretrovirals.
PIWIL1 is recruited to Centrosomes during Mitosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells and is linked to cell cycle progression
Authors: Garcia-Silva Maria Rosa , Montenegro Sofía , Dacosta Sofía , Tosar Juan Pablo , Cayota Alfonso 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background PIWI proteins, traditionally associated with germline development, have recently gained attention for their expression in various cancers, including colorectal cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their reactivation and impact on cancer initiation and progression remain elusive.Results Here, we found that PIWIL1 is expressed at relatively high levels in CRC-derived samples and cell lines, where it undergoes a dynamic re-localization to the centrosome during mitosis. Knockdown of PIWIL1 induces G2/M arrest associated to disruption of mitotic spindle and aberrant metaphase events, highlighting its role in cell cycle progression. We have also found that expression of PIWIL1 is lost during differentiation of Caco-2 cells into enterocytes and that PIWIL1 is expressed in cells at the base of intestinal crypts in normal human colon tissue, where intestinal stem cells are known to reside. Thus, it is possible that the presence of PIWIL1 in cancer cells reflects a physiological role of this protein in stem cell maintenance, what would argue in favor of the proposed stem cell origin of CRC. Supporting this view, dedifferentiation of human fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSc) implies reactivation of PIWIL2 expression, another member of the PIWI protein family.Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest a role of PIWIL1 in mediating cell cycle dynamics, both in colorectal cancer cells and possibly also in intestinal stem cells. In a broader aspect, we provide support for an involvement of PIWI proteins in somatic stem cell maintenance, expanding non-gonadal functions for this protein family.
High data rate 4x2 photonic crystal encoder using irregular hexagon ring resonator
Authors: Mehrez Wafa , Najjar Monia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Ultra-fast and highly compact optoelectronic devices are highly needed for optical communication systems. One of the primary devices used in such systems is the optical encoder. In this paper, we present a 4x2 encoder realized using a new photonic crystal (PhC) ring resonator design. The proposed encoder consists of four inputs, two outputs, and two irregular hexagonal-shaped ring resonators. The structure is formed by silicon rods surrounded by air with square lattice pho-tonic crystal structure. The photonic band gap and performance parameters are analyzed using plane wave expansion (PWE) and Finite Difference Time (FDTD) methods. Our simulation results demonstrate that the normalized transmission values less than 25% and more significant than 50% are supposed to be logic states 0 and 1, respectively. The encoder’s maximum response time, contrast ratio, and footprint are 161fs, 13, 7dB, and 204.8µm2, respectively. Furthermore , the encoder can be used in optical systems with a bit rate of around 6.2Tbps, which is a very suitable device for high-speed networks.
Deploying Human Activity Recognition in Embedded RISC-V Processors
Authors: Nunes Willian Analdo , Reusch Rafael Schild , Luza Lucas , Zotto Angelo Elias Dal , Juracy Leonardo Rezende , Moraes Fernando Gehm 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is an important area of research due to its applications in health monitoring, elderly care, and personal fitness tracking. The challenge is deploying efficient and accurate HAR systems on resource-constrained embedded devices, which require low power consumption and processing efficiency. This work optimizes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for HAR, targeting resource-constrained processors. The goal is to balance accuracy, performance, and power consumption for real-world deployment in wearable devices. Key contributions include introducing an Extended 1D CNN model that enhances temporal awareness and accuracy without the overhead of floating-point computations, evaluating and applying quantization methods to minimize model size with minimal accuracy loss, and assessing the model's performance on a RISC-V processor. Results show an accuracy increase from 74% to 87.2%. Memory optimization using Lookup Table (LUT) quantization reduces the memory required for model parameters by 57%. This research underscores the potential for advanced neural network models on low-power RISC-V processors in real-time HAR, with significant implications for health monitoring and smart environments.
Microstructural characterization martensitic stainless-steel coatings deposited by laser metal deposition
Authors: Rodriguez Johnnatan , Silva Gleryston , Torres Edwar Andres , Santos Tiago Felipe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology, characterized by layer-by-layer deposition, is emerging as an alternative to produce parts, typically with complex geometries, and has recently become an option for mass production. This technology has been adopted by several industries due to its ability to save material resources and processing time. In addition, it could lead to component weight reduction, design optimization and the development of new materials. Among the AM processes, laser metal deposition (LMD) offers a high build rate and allows for larger deposition volumes compared to powder bed-based technology, resulting in lower manufacturing costs. Several industries, such as aerospace and defense, have focused on the use of LMD due to the opportunities for cost savings, increased productivity, and repair of large mechanical components. In particular, LMD could be used in the aerospace industry for the manufacture and repair of engines, turbines and propulsion systems, space shuttles, communications satellites. Currently, several types of metals, including important engineering materials such as steel, aluminum, and titanium, can be used to produce parts with high levels of precision and excellent properties. The use of martensitic stainless steels has increased in the automotive, aerospace and defense industries, mainly due to their mechanical properties such as high flow resistance and reasonable ductility. However, the deposition of martensitic stainless steels using LMD presents challenges in the selection of parameters, morphology configurations and phase evolutions to ensure the required mechanical properties. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the deposition parameters for laser cladding using LMD with martensitic stainless steel AISI 431 powder. In addition, morphological aspects were analyzed. The microstructural evolution was assessed using optical and electron microscopy. The results show dilution values between 10 and 27% were found for power values between 1400 and 1600 W and laser beam velocities of 9, 14 and 16 mm/s. Microstructural characterization revealed martensite and ferrite phases in the depositions. Several factors influence the geometric and microstructural characteristics of the laser cladded deposits, such as the morphology and size distribution of the filler particles, the chemical composition of the materials, the flow rate and deposition method of the filler, and the power and beam speed of the laser.
Interpersonal Adaptation and Psychological Adjustment of Rural Left-behind Children--A Qualitative Study Based on the Perspectives of Supporting Teachers
Authors: Zhu Wenjie , Tao Chunhua , Wang Sican , Yuan Yuan , Liang Jingyan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
This study shall incorporate individual interviews to thoroughly explore the feasibility of constructing channels to care for left-behind children, in order to better understand the impact of changes in family structure on left-behind children's interpersonal adaptation and psychological adjustment.
Methods
Semi-structured individual interviews were performed to gather data from the interviewees. Finally, Nvivo12 software was adopted to organize and analyze the study data.
Results
The major study results can be summed up as follows: (1) the interpersonal adaptation of rural left-behind children is characterized by both generally pro-social tendencies and routinely perceived interpersonal alienation tendencies. (2) For left-behind children with interpersonal alienation tendencies, bullying by peers may be closely associated with the loss of parental reliance due to changes in family structure. (3) In rural areas, most of the left-behind children demonstrate a transition from loss to habit to comprehending their parents' work outside the home; further, the companionship of their peers is a critical factor in this transition.
Conclusions
In terms of the left-behind children with interpersonal maladaptation, interaction and communication with peers should be strengthened, and such children should be supported to actively participate in school practices and integrate into different groups. Similarly, schools and societies need to maximize their efforts to educate rural left-behind children regarding their mental health.
The relationship between family structure and innovation and entrepreneurship ability in Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Fu Yangyang , Song Yaoyao , Guo Jiayan , Wu Jiwen , Yang Ruikun , Yan Yingchun , Li Qing , Li Na 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the relationship between family structure and innovation and entrepreneurship ability and the role of psychological resilience and gender in the relationship.
Methods
The Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Innovation and Entrepreneurship Capacity Scale (IECS) were used to measure the psychological resilience and innovation and entrepreneurship ability of 1,007 subjects.
Results
The study found a significant positive relationship between family structure and innovation and entrepreneurship ability, with psychological resilience partially mediating this relationship. Furthermore, gender was found to moderate the role of psychological resilience in mediating the relationship between family structure and innovation and entrepreneurship ability, as indicated by the moderation of the posterior path in the mediation model.
Conclusion
There is a moderated mediation model between family structure and innovation and entrepreneurship ability.
Risk of Pneumonia Among Children with Cleft Palate Before and After Palatoplasty
Authors: Eyni Yotam , Kerman Tomer , Danino Dana , Goldbart Aviv , Silberstein Eldad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Pneumonia remains the primary cause of mortality among children under age 5. Cleft Palate (CP) poses various challenges including velopharyngeal dysfunction, potentially increasing rates of pneumonia. However, clinical evidence linking pneumonia to defect is lacking. This study aims to assess the prevalence of pneumonia and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI) among CP patients through a population-based approach.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records from Clalit Health Services in Israel, 2013–2022, encompassing population of 138,261 infants, including 166 with CP. We investigated the prevalence of pneumonia and other infectious diseases before and after palatoplasty, employing Poisson regression models adjusted for multiple demographic and clinical variables. A sibling comparison study was also conducted, analyzing 129 preoperative and 55 postoperative pairs.
Results
The preoperative analysis revealed an increased risk of pneumonia (relative risk [RR]: 5.8, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.93–8.19), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) (RR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.12–2.06), and urinary tract infections (UTI) (RR: 5.27, 95% CI: 3.23–8.03) in children with CP compared to controls. Following surgical repair, a statistically significant but reduced risk for pneumonia persisted up to 5 years (RR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.94–4.17). Sibling comparison analyses underscored an elevated pneumonia risk compared to CP siblings preoperatively (RR: 7.07, 95% CI: 2.48–29.8). Postoperatively, the RR decreased and was no longer statistically significant (RR: 1.96, 95% CI: 0.72–6.26).
Conclusion
Patients with CP are at higher risk for pneumonia and the magnitude of risk may be reduced after palatoplasty.
Maternal Anxiety During Solid Food Introduction: Insights from a Comparative Feeding Practices Study
Authors: Tabangi Myriam , Abdo Rachelle , Karaman Mehmet Akif , Barake Roula , Nakhl Sahar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The introduction of solid foods to infants involves various feeding techniques. While these methods are often studied for their nutritional implications, their impact on maternal mental health, particularly on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), remains understudied.
Research aim
: This study aimed to explore the association between feeding practices and maternal GAD levels during the initial stages of solid food introduction.
Design:
This study recruited mothers and their infants, categorizing them into three groups based on feeding practices: BLW, TW, and CW. Maternal GAD levels were assessed at regular intervals over a six-month period, allowing for the examination of any changes in anxiety levels associated with different feeding techniques. Statistical analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between feeding practices and maternal GAD scores, controlling for relevant covariates.
Results
Our results consistently indicate that mothers practicing BLW experienced significantly greater levels of anxiety across all six months, as well as cumulatively, than mothers using both TW and CW. Compared with mothers in the TW (8.1 ± 3.3) and CW (8.3 ± 2.0) groups, mothers in the BLW group had the highest cumulative anxiety score (15.3 ± 1.7).
Conclusions
The results of our study revealed a persistent presence of GAD throughout the 6-month duration of the study. Notably, GAD levels consistently remained higher among mothers who opted for BLW than among those who followed other feeding methods.
Influence of Printing Orientation on Mechanical Characteristics of NextDent Biocompatible Resin in SLA 3D Printing
Authors: Bisaria Himanshu , Jibhakate Rahul , Singh Sushil Kumar , Singh Samarjit 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The use of 3D printing in dentistry has revolutionized the manufacturing of dental prosthetics and devices. This research focuses on examining the mechanical properties of NextDent dental resins when processed through 3D printing. A variety of mechanical tests, including tensile, fracture, flexural testing, and impact testing are performed on specimens printed using NextDent resins. The thermo-mechanical and thermal behavior of the resin was assessed using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Thermogravimetric Analysis testing respectively. The specimens are fabricated at different printing angles, including 0º (vertical), 30º, 60º, and 90º (horizontal), to assess the impact of printing orientation on the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties were found superior at 0º (vertical) followed by 30º 60º & 90º. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis revealed the resin's molecular composition, including C-H, C = C, O-H, N-H, C-N, and C = O stretching and bending vibrations, indicating functional groups, suggesting bromine-containing compounds. DMA test’s result showed a storage modulus of 1575 MPa at room temperature, with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 107°C, suggesting good damping properties.
The effect of reward expectancy on different types of exploration in human reinforcement learning
Authors: Shimomura Kanji , Morita Kenji 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

How humans resolve exploit-explore dilemma in complex environment is an important open question. Previous studies suggest that the level of reward expectancy affects the degree of exploration. However, it is still unclear (1) if the effect differs depending on the type of exploration (i.e., random or directed exploration) and (2) whether the effect can really be attributed to reward expectancy. In this preregistered study, we aimed to tackle these two challenges by extending a recently developed multi-armed bandit task that can dissociate uncertainty and novelty of stimuli. To extract the purified effect of reward expectancy, we manipulated reward by its magnitude, not by its probability, across blocks, because reward probability affects controllability of outcomes. Participants (n = 198) showed increased optimal choices when relative expectancy was high. Behavioral analysis with computational modeling revealed that higher reward expectancy reduced the degree of random exploration, while it had little effect on the degree of uncertainty- and novelty-based exploration. These results suggest that humans modulate the degree of random exploration depending on the relative level of reward expectancy of the environment, while, combined with findings in the previous studies, they indicate the possibility that controllability also influences exploration-exploitation balance in human reinforcement learning.