bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-efficacy and readiness for transition from pediatric to adult care in sickle cell disease
Authors: Treadwell Marsha , Johnson Shirley , Sisler India , Bitsko Matthew , Gildengorin Ginny , Medina Rogelio , Barreda Fernando , Major Kimberly , Telfair Joseph , Smith Wally R. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background:
Theories of self-care management, particularly the development of self-efficacy or confidence in one’s ability to manage health-related goals, tasks, and challenges may provide a useful framework for developing programs to improve transition from pediatric to adult care for youth and young adults with sickle cell disease (SCD).

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis stating that ratings of self-efficacy is positively associated with self-ratings of transition readiness.

Subjects:
A total of 113 individuals with SCD aged 14–26 years at two distinct sites of care were recruited for the study.

Materials and methods:
Participants completed the Transition Intervention Program Readiness for Transition (TIP-RFT) assessment, the Sickle Cell Self-Efficacy Scale and the Sickle Cell Stress –Adolescent scale.

Results:
In multivariate regression models, self-efficacy was positively associated with scores on the total TIP-RFT and on the Education/Vocation Planning and Independent Living Skills scales. Older age was independently associated with higher scores on the Independent Living Skills scale and higher stress levels were independently associated with lower scores on Education/Vocation Planning scale.

Conclusion:
The TIP-RFT assessment, along with measures of self-efficacy and stress, appear to be useful measures of overall transition readiness for youth and young adults with SCD. Future studies should evaluate whether self-management skill development and health outcomes are indeed affected by programs to improve readiness for transition from pediatric to adult care.
Are The Courts Unintentionally Promoting Unethical Behavior In Business Valuators?
Authors: Conn Richard R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe expert business valuator’s primary responsibility is to assist the Court in the understanding of complex financial and economic issues impacting the valuation of an asset or damages claim. The Courts expect valuation opinions that are unbiased and impartial. But empowering the advocate-lawyers to select and engage those valuators misaligns the reward system. The reward the expert valuator seeks is the engagement itself – being appointed to the case. The current system of lawyer-engaged experts acts as an impediment towards absolute impartiality. Court-appointed experts may be the easiest means of eliminating role-conflict and realigning the reward system so that the expert valuator is focused upon the primary goal of serving the Court’s needs.
Children with hyperthyroidism younger than age 7 require higher mg/kg doses of methimazole to normalize free T4 compared to older children
Authors: Stafford Diana , Vaidyanathan Priya , Kaplowitz Paul 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHyperthyroidism is much less common in children <7 years vs. older children and less well studied. It was our impression that the youngest patients needed a higher weight-based dose of methimazole (MMI) to achieve euthyroidism.To compare the mean MMI dose needed to normalize free T4 in younger (<7 years) vs. older children and the time taken to normalize free T4.Based on chart review (2004–2012), patients were divided into groups based on age at diagnosis: <7 years (n=13), 7–12 years (n=30) and >12 years (n=40). Follow-up visits were reviewed until free T4 normalized.The mean dose of MMI (mg/kg/day) needed to normalize free T4 was 0.71 (±0.29) in the <7 group, significantly higher vs. the two older groups: 0.50 (±0.22) and 0.44 (±0.24). Months taken to achieve a euthyroid state was significantly longer in children <7 (6.23±3.91) vs. the older groups (3.10±2.12 and 3.18±2.86 months).Hyperthyroid children diagnosed before age 7 required higher initial doses of MMI and took a longer time to become euthyroid than older patients. Clinicians should consider starting with higher weight-based MMI doses when treating younger patients to more rapidly normalize free T4.
Researching Policy for Nonprofit Organizations: A Brief Observation on Dilemmas Created by Conflicting Values
Authors: Hammack David C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractConflicting cultural and religious values pose challenges – challenges that are too often ignored – to efforts to comprehend and to solve tough social problems. Value-conflict challenges call for much more thoughtful attention both by analysts seeking to understand the sources of problems, and by advocates for particular solutions. This contribution to the ARNOVA Policy Brief series draws on a wide range of historical and social research to advance its argument for recognizing value conflicts.
Multiple Fano Resonances in Plasmonic Metamaterials Composed of Al/Al2O3 Nanomatryushka Structures
Authors: Ahmadivand Arash , Pala Nezih 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTMetamaterial structures composed of ordered arrays of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocavities are able to support strong plasmon and Fano resonances in the optical frequencies, where the appeared Fano dips can be utilized in bio/chemical sensing and spectroscopic purposes with a significant sensitivity. Herein, we utilize two concentric compositional Aluminum (Al) nanoshells (Al/Al2O3) to design nanomatryushka (NM) structures in periodic arrays, where each one of Al NPs is covered by a certain thickness of the oxide layer. Depositing studied Al NM arrays on metasurfaces, we determined the optical response of the metamaterial. It is shown that the proposed structure is able to support multiple strong Fano resonances in the visible spectrum. Evaluating the plasmon response of the metamaterial configuration for the presence of various semiconductor metasurfaces (Silicon and GaP), the quality of Fano dips is analyzed for different regimes. In this method, we measured the accuracy and sensitivity of the metamaterial structure by plotting the linear figure of merit (FoM) and quantifying this parameter.
Actividades de Ocio y Bienestar Emocional en Personas Jubiladas Independientes
Authors: López Fernández Verónica , Navarro Enrique , Requena Hernández Carmen 
Published: July 2015

<div><p>This work aims to investigate the promotion of healthy aging and factors contributing on the quality of life of old people. A sample of 56 healthy, independent old people from the province of León (Spain) differing in the type of free time-entertainment (new information, memory and cards game) participated in this study. Emotional well-being state was evaluated using a Spanish-adaptation of the Carol Ryff Psychological Well Scale, composed of six dimensions: environmental mastery, self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, purpose of life and personal growth. Results show statistically significant differences in the Autonomy dimension, with favorable scores in those people who were predominantly involved in free time activities related to memory enhancement versus people who were predominantly involved in cards game. These findings highlight the relevance of the type of free time activities in elderly age, besides community activities.</p></div>
De políticos y política: profesionalización y calidad en el ejercicio público
Authors: Alcántara Sáez Manuel 
Published: July 2015

El presente artículo discute un aspecto fundamental de la representación política: la calidad de la política en sistemas donde los políticos tienen un carácter claramente profesional. Plantea los requisitos que debe cumplir el político profesional en el terreno de su dedicación y de la remuneración que percibe, y formula un modelo ideal de los elementos constitutivos de un político de calidad, con especial interés en el proceso formativo que integra la carrera de un político. AbstractThis article discusses a fundamental aspect of political representation: the relationship between the quality of politics and politicians in those systems where politicians are of a decidedly professional orientation. It establishes the requirements that a professional politician must meet in terms of time commitment and wages, proposing an ideal model of the elements that create a high quality politician, focusing particularly on the formative process involved in a political career.
¿Informalidad o dualismo en las manufacturas mexicanas?
Authors: Puyana Alicia , Romero José 
Published: July 2015

Este trabajo explora la estructura del sector manufacturero mexicano, diferenciando a las empresas por su tamaño, según el número de trabajadores y por su evolución entre 1994 y 2008, periodo en el cual se habían consolidado las reformas instrumentadas como respuesta a la crisis de la deuda y a los cambios introducidos con la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN); analiza en qué medida la trayectoria del sector escindido en dos universos — el de las empresas de menos de 15 trabajadores o sector informal, y las demás, permite deducir, de acuerdo con el modelo de Lewis, que la economía mexicana aún permanece en la etapa de crecimiento clásico de oferta ilimitada de mano de obra. El lento crecimiento de la economía y de las inversiones por trabajador, es una de las explicaciones de esta situación. Los datos permiten afirmar que éste es el caso.Abstract The paper analyzes the changes in the structure of informal manufactures sector, as presented by the differences in the contribution to employment, value added, gross capital formation and productivity of the production units differentiated by their size. The study covers the period 1994-2008, during which the structural reforms of mid eighties and the North American Free Trade Agreement had consolidated. The results confirm that the Mexican economy conforms to the Lewis Model of classical growth with unlimited supply of labour, low productivity and low wages.
Mechanisms for Reduced Excess Sludge Production in the Cannibal Process
Authors: Labelle Marc‐André , Dold Peter L. , Comeau Yves 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT: Reducing excess sludge production is increasingly attractive as a result of rising costs and constraints with respect to sludge treatment and disposal. A technology in which the mechanisms remain not well understood is the Cannibal process, for which very low sludge yields have been reported. The objective of this work was to use modeling as a means to characterize excess sludge production at a full‐scale Cannibal facility by providing a long sludge retention time and removing trash and grit by physical processes. The facility was characterized by using its historical data, from discussion with the staff and by conducting a sampling campaign to prepare a solids inventory and an overall mass balance. At the evaluated sludge retention time of 400 days, the sum of the daily loss of suspended solids to the effluent and of the waste activated sludge solids contributed approximately equally to the sum of solids that are wasted daily as trash and grit from the solids separation module. The overall sludge production was estimated to be 0.14 g total suspended solids produced/g chemical oxygen demand removed. The essential functions of the Cannibal process for the reduction of sludge production appear to be to remove trash and grit from the sludge by physical processes of microscreening and hydrocycloning, respectively, and to provide a long sludge retention time, which allows the slow degradation of the “unbiodegradable” influent particulate organics (XU,Inf) and the endogenous residue (XE). The high energy demand of 1.6 kWh/m3 of treated wastewater at the studied facility limits the niche of the Cannibal process to small‐ to medium‐sized facilities in which sludge disposal costs are high but electricity costs are low.
Influence of Different Payment Schemes on the Clinical Outcome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Su Chun-yan , Lu Xin-hong , Wang Tao 
Published: July 2015

Background Cost is always a big issue for dialysis patients. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of different payment schemes on dialysis adequacy and clinical outcome in our peritoneal dialysis program. Methods This is a single-center cohort study. A total of 175 patients who began dialysis from January 2006 to December 2007 were included. Baseline data, including volume status, dietary intake and nutrition status, dialysis adequacy, and sodium removal were collected at 6 months after peritoneal dialysis. Based on the different payment schemes, the patients were divided into 2 groups, higher payment group (GHP, 130 cases, with more than 85% reimbursement), and lower payment group (GLP, 45 cases, with less than 50% payment or totally self-paid). Patients were followed up until dropout or until December 31, 2013. Results At baseline, patients in the 2 groups had nearly the same residual renal function. But the GLP group patients dialyzed at a lower dose (4,516.91 ± 1,768.20 mL vs 6,058.17 ± 2,013.43 mL, p < 0.001). They had lower creatinine clearance (51.64 ± 24.23 L/w vs 70.54 ± 30.27 L/w, p < 0.001), sodium removal (2.23 ± 1.29 g vs 2.77 ± 1.29 g, p = 0.027), and fluid removal (970.33 ± 545.97 mL vs 1,146.66 ± 460.93 mL, p = 0.038). Normalized by height (in meters), the GLP group patients still had a lower normalized dialysis dose (2,890.61 ± 1084.44 mL/m vs 3,761.34 ± 1,237.10 mL/m, p < 0.001). Baseline nutritional and dietary parameters were comparable except that a lower daily protein intake (42.73 ± 10.99 g vs 47.26 ± 14.30 g, p = 0.032) and higher serum urea level (23.43 ± 6.88 mmol/L vs 19.84 ± 5.92 mmol/L, p < 0.001) were presented in the GLP group. There was no difference in volume status. During the follow-up, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was no significant difference in patient survival and technique survival. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, after adjusting for related factors, payment was again not a strong predictor of survival in the study population. Conclusion Our study found that GLP group patients were adherent to lifestyle modification with lower dialysis doses, and they also had nearly the same long-term clinical outcome as the GHP group patients. Thus, lower dialysis doses combined with controlled dietary intake may be an effective approach to solve the dialysis problem for the low socio-economic status (SES) population.
MicroRNAs miR-155 and miR-16 Decrease AID and E47 in B Cells from Elderly Individuals
Authors: Frasca Daniela , Diaz Alain , Romero Maria , Ferracci Franco , Blomberg Bonnie B. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Our research in the past few years has identified B cell–specific biomarkers able to predict optimal Ab responses in both young and elderly individuals. These biomarkers are activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), the enzyme of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation; the transcription factor E47, crucial for AID expression; and the ability to generate optimal memory B cells. Moreover, we have found that the increased proinflammatory status of the elderly, both in sera and intrinsic to B cells, negatively impacts B cell function. We have now investigated whether particular inflammatory microRNAs (miRs) contribute to decreased E47 and AID in aged B cells. Our data indicate that E47 and AID mRNA stability is lower in stimulated B cells from elderly individuals. We measured the expression of two miRs crucial for class switch recombination, miR-155 and miR-16, in human unstimulated B cells from young and elderly individuals with the rationale that increases in these before stimulation would decrease E47/AID upon cell activation. We found these miRs and B cell–intrinsic inflammation upregulated in aged unstimulated B cells and negatively associated with AID in the same B cells after stimulation with CpG. We propose that the downregulation of AID in aged human B cells may occur through binding of miR-155 to the 3′-untranslated regions of AID mRNA and/or binding of miR-16 to the 3′-untranslated regions of E47 mRNA, as well as at the transcriptional level of less E47 for AID. Our results indicate novel molecular pathways leading to reduced B cell function with aging.
"Many Lands Have I Left Behind Me": E. A. Baratynskii’s Quest for Happiness in Finland, Italy, and the Homeland
Authors: Clark Elena Pedigo 
Published: July 2015

This article examines the poetry of E.A. Baratynskii about three specific places: Finland, the homeland (i.e. Russia), and Italy. It is the contention of this article that these place-specific poems form a contrast to Baratynskii's other poetry, and allow his poetic persona to resolve conflicts that remain unresolved in the majority of his oeuvre. In particular, this article discusses the ways in which these three places form three different "realms of the dead" or areas of contact with the divine or the supernatural, thus allowing the poet to transcend the binary conflict between intellect and feeling, and science and nature, that is so problematic for his poetic persona.
Study of the thermospheric and ionospheric response to the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming using TIME‐GCM and GSM TIP models: First results
Authors: Klimenko M. V. , Klimenko V. V. , Bessarab F. S. , Korenkov Yu N. , Liu Hanli , Goncharenko L. P. , Tolstikov M. V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a study of mesosphere and low thermosphere influence on ionospheric disturbances during 2009 major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. This period was characterized by extremely low solar and geomagnetic activity. The study was performed using two first principal models: thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME‐GCM) and global self‐consistent model of thermosphere, ionosphere, and protonosphere (GSM TIP). The stratospheric anomalies during SSW event were modeled by specifying the temperature and density perturbations at the lower boundary of the TIME‐GCM (30 km altitude) according to data from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. Then TIME‐GCM output at 80 km was used as lower boundary conditions for driving GSM TIP model runs. We compare models' results with ground‐based ionospheric data at low latitudes obtained by GPS receivers in the American longitudinal sector. GSM TIP simulation predicts the occurrence of the quasi‐wave vertical structure in neutral temperature disturbances at 80–200 km altitude, and the positive and negative disturbances in total electron content at low latitude during the 2009 SSW event. According to our model results the formation mechanisms of the low‐latitude ionospheric response are the disturbances in the n(O)/n(N2) ratio and thermospheric wind. The change in zonal electric field is key mechanism driving the ionospheric response at low latitudes, but our model results do not completely reproduce the variability in zonal electric fields (vertical plasma drift) at low latitudes.
Case and statistical studies on the evolution of hot flow anomalies
Authors: Zhao L. L. , Zong Q. G. , Zhang H. , Wang S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHot flow anomalies (HFAs) frequently observed near Earth's bow shock are phenomena resulting from the interaction between interplanetary discontinuities and Earth's bow shock. We identify 199 HFA events using Cluster data from 2001 to 2010 and divide these events into four categories according to the dynamic pressure profile, namely, “−+,” “+−,” “M,” and “W” types, where the symbols describe the profile of the dynamic pressure variations. We present case studies to show the main characteristics of each type of HFAs. Normalized superposed epoch analyses show that variations of the magnetic field magnitude of −+ and +− type HFAs are more dramatic than those of M and W types. The statistical study shows that the occurrence percentage of mature HFAs in W type HFAs is higher than that of −+, +−, and M types. Superposed epoch analysis result shows that variations of plasma parameters and magnetic field of mature HFAs are more dramatic than those of young HFAs, except for temperature. M and W type HFAs may be the later evolution stages of −+ and +− type HFAs; on the other hand, four categories of HFAs may be due to the fact that the spacecraft crossed an HFA structure along different paths.
Multiple‐scale hydrothermal circulation in 135 Ma oceanic crust of the Japan Trench outer rise: Numerical models constrained with heat flow observations
Authors: Ray Labani , Kawada Yoshifumi , Hamamoto Hideki , Yamano Makoto 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAnomalous high heat flow is observed within 150 km seaward of the trench axis at the Japan Trench offshore of Sanriku, where the old Pacific Plate (∼135 Ma) is subducting. Individual heat flow values range between 42 and 114 mW m−2, with an average of ∼70 mW m−2. These values are higher than those expected from the seafloor age based on thermal models of the oceanic plate, i.e., ∼50 mW m−2. The heat flow exhibits spatial variations at multiple scales: regional high average heat flow (∼100 km) and smaller‐scale heat flow peaks (∼1 km). We found that hydrothermal mining of heat from depth due to gradual thickening of an aquifer in the oceanic crust toward the trench axis can yield elevated heat flow of the spatial scale of ∼100 km. Topographic effects combined with hydrothermal circulation may account for the observed smaller‐scale heat flow variations. Hydrothermal circulation in high‐permeability faults may result in heat flow peaks of a subkilometer spatial scale. Volcanic intrusions are unlikely to be a major source of heat flow variations at any scale because of limited occurrence of young volcanoes in the study area. Hydrothermal heat transport may work at various scales on outer rises of other subduction zones as well, since fractures and faults have been well developed due to bending of the incoming plate.
Cobalt‐based age models of pelagic clay in the South Pacific Gyre
Authors: Dunlea Ann G. , Murray Richard W. , Sauvage Justine , Pockalny Robert A. , Spivack Arthur J. , Harris Robert N. , D'Hondt Steven 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDating pelagic clay can be a challenge due to its slow sedimentation rate, post‐depositional alteration, and lack of biogenic deposition. Co‐based dating techniques have the potential to create age models in pelagic clay under the assumption that the flux of non‐detrital Co to the seafloor is spatially and temporally constant, resulting in the non‐detrital Co concentrations being inversely proportional to sedimentation rate. We apply a Co‐based method to the pelagic clay sequences from Sites U1365, U1366, U1369, and U1370 drilled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329 in the South Pacific Gyre. We distinguished non‐detrital Co from detrital Co using multivariate statistical partitioning techniques. We found that the non‐detrital flux of Co at Site U1370 is approximately twice as high as that at the other sites, implying that the non‐detrital Co flux is not regionally constant. This regional variation reflects the heterogeneous distribution of Co in the water column, as is observed in the present day. We present an improved approach to Co‐based age modeling throughout the South Pacific Gyre and determine that the Co‐based method can effectively date oxygenated pelagic clay deposited in the distal open ocean, but is less reliable for deposition closer to continents. When extending the method to geologically old sediment, it is important to consider the paleolocation of a given site to ensure these conditions are met.