bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular relaxation in Chitosan films in GHz frequency range
Authors: Kumar-Krishnan Siva , Prokhorov Evgen , Luna-Barcenas Gabriel 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe molecular relaxations behavior of chitosan (CS) films in the wide frequency range of 0.1-3x109 Hz (by using three different impedance analyzers) have been investigated in the temperature range of -100C to 120°C using Dielectric Spectroscopy (DS). Additionally to the low frequency molecular relaxations such as α and β relaxations, for the first time, high frequency (1-3 GHz) relaxation process has been observed in the chitosan films. This relaxation exhibits Arrhenius-type dependence in the temperature range of -100 C to 54°C with negative activation energy -2.7 kJ/mol. At temperatures above 54°C, the activation energy changes from -2.7 kJ/mol to +4.4 kJ/mol. Upon cooling, the activation energy becomes negative again with a value of -1.2 kJ/mol. The bound water between chitosan molecules strongly modifies molecular motion and the relaxation spectrum, giving rise to a new relaxation at the frequency at ca. 1 GHz. In situ FTIR analysis has shown that this relaxation related to the changes in vibration of the –OH, NH and –CO functional groups.
Electrical Behavior I-V Theoretical-Experimental OLEDS
Authors: Burgoa José M. , González-Medina Cecilia , Gómez-Aguilar Ramón , Ortiz-López Jaime 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe develop a program (within MATLAB software environment) to numerically simulate current-voltage characteristics of a bilayer organic light-emitting diode (OLED). The program is based on the Poole-Frenkel and Schottky continuous quantum models which take into account the geometry of thin films and their emission parameters in the calculation of charge carrier and current density in organic materials. Simulations are performed for OLEDs with A/EML/C and A/HIL/EML/C architectures where A=anode, HIL=hole injection layer, EML=emissive layer and C=cathode. For EML we assume MEH-PPV and MDMO-PPV derivatives of poly-para-phenylene-vinylene (PPV) polymer semiconductor, and for HIL we use PEDOT:PSS. The results of simulation are compared with experimental results obtained from actual OLED devices constructed in our laboratory. For comparison we also use the commercial software SimOLED to simulate the devices under similar architectures. We find in general a fair agreement between the simulated and measured behavior except for a few orders of magnitude difference in the current.
Rheological Properties of Associative Polyelectrolytes Synthesized by Solution Polymerization
Authors: Velazquez Areli I. , Coronado Alejandro , Jiménez Enrique J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWater-soluble associative polyelectrolytes of methacrylic acid [MAA] and ethyl acrylate [EA] (1:1 molar ratio), hydrophobically modified with small amounts of stearyl metacrylate [MM18], were synthesized by means of solution polymerization. Polyelectrolytes with two different molecular structures: multisticker, with hydrophobic groups randomly distributed along the hydrophilic chain and combined, with the hydrophobic groups along the chain and as terminal groups of the backbone, were obtained. Steady shear behavior and linear viscoelastic properties were studied as a function of polymer microstructure and hydrophobic group concentrations on salt-free aqueous solution using a cone-and-plate rheometer. Concentration regimes were obtained for each synthetized polymer. Viscoelastic study shows that the maximum thickening effect corresponds to the combined structure followed by multisticker structure. These polyelectrolytes exhibit high thickening power on aqueous solutions due to the synergy between the hydrophobic attractive interactions and coil expansion phenomena.
Light-Soaking Effects on the Open-Circuit Voltage of a-Si:H Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Jianjun , Schiff E. A. , Guha S. , Yan B. , Yang J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe present measurements on the decline of the open-circuit voltage VOC in a-Si:H solar cells during extended illumination (light-soaking) at 295 K. We used a near-infrared laser that was nearly uniformly absorbed in the intrinsic layer of the cell. At the highest photogeneration rate (about 2x1021 cm-3), a noticeable decline (0.01 V) occurred within about 10 minutes; VOC stabilized at 0.04 V below its initial value after about 200 hours. We found that both the kinetics and the magnitudes of VOC are reasonably consistent with the predictions of a calculation combining a bandtail+defect picture for recombination and a hydrogen-collision model for defect generation. The version of the hydrogen-collision model that we used assumes that only bandtail recombination drives the hydrogen collision processes. Within this picture, the crossover between bandtail and defect recombination occurs on the same timescale as the “light-induced annealing” process that accounts for stabilization of the optoelectronic properties for long lightsoaking times.
Advanced Materials for Energy Storage
Authors: Trudeau Michel L. 
Published: February 2014

As this MRS Bulletin issue on “Advanced Materials for Energy Storage” was being finalized, the North American continent suffered one of its warmest summers ever recorded. The past two to three years have also been the warmest on record, August 1999 being the 21st consecutive month with above-average temperatures. Such deviations could be quite natural. Indeed, these temperature increases can be explained in part by increased solar activity. Yet, burning of fossil fuels and other human factors are considered likely contributors. Whether from human activities or cosmic effects, for human survival, technological solutions may be needed to keep the global temperature within tolerable margins.In a parallel development, the price of oil on the New York market has nearly doubled since the beginning of 1999. This current increase is directly related to self-controls imposed by the oil-producing countries. The price will probably not climb to excessive values, mainly because the oil-producing countries do not want other nations to develop competitive alternative technologies. However, these increases in oil prices could have devastating effects on the general economy, and again, the future is unpredictable.This situation poses an interesting dilemma for the scientific community. Scientists are trained to base conclusions on facts and respond with appropriate engineering solutions. Yet the extrapolation of global climate change is far from conclusive; the economies of nations can be volatile and often are determined by politics as opposed to science; and the needs of individual nations are varied and continue to evolve based on their local resources, economies, and environmental regulations.
Utilization of Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach for Sacroiliac Joint Fusion in Surgeon Population of ISASS and SMISS Membership
Authors: Lorio Morgan P. , Polly Jr. David W. , Ninkovic Ivana , Ledonio Charles G.T. , Hallas Kelli , Andersson Gunnar 
Published: February 2014

Introduction:
The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) may be a source of chronic low back pain in 15 -22% of patients. Over
the past four years MIS is an emerging standard of care for SI joint fusion. The International Society for the Advancement
of Spine Surgery (ISASS) and Society for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (SMISS) conducted a survey of their
members to examine current preferences in surgeon practice of MIS SI fusion.

Methods:
To qualify for survey participation, the surgeon had to perform at least one open or MIS SIJ fusion procedure
between 2009 and 2012. All surgeons were instructed to review their records. This included the number of surgical
procedures performed annually from 2009-2012, site of service where each procedure was commonly performed, and
average length of stay for each approach.

Results:
Twenty four percent (121/500) of the eligible members participated in this survey. This survey revealed that the
percentage of MIS procedures increased from 39% in 2009 to over 87% in 2012. The survey showed a significant increase
in average number of MIS surgeries and a significant difference between open and MIS surgeries in 2012 (p<0.0001). In
addition, 80% of the survey respondents indicated a lack of preference toward open approach if that was the only
available option.

Conclusions:
According to performed survey, MIS SIJ fusion is preferred over open technique. Incorporation of the MIS
technique into the spine surgeon's specter of skills would allow an increased number of surgical options as well as
possible increase in outcome quality.
The Meanings of Drowning in Military-Themed Art: Analyzing a Sample of Random Civilizations and Timeframes through History
Authors: Avramidis Stathis , Patrinos Stavros 
Published: February 2014

Introduction:
Artists have depicted drowning episodes in drawings with a religious, mythological, historical,
suicidal, homicidal and military context. We aimed to identify the messages that the paintings with a drowning scene
during a military/combat situation deliver to viewers.

Method:
A criterion sampling method identified paintings that
portray drowning episodes during military and combat situations (n=57). Chi-squared tests were used for comparison
between categorical variables.

Results:
Ten statistically significant differences were identified between the bystanders at
the time of occurrence (p=0.046), the bystanders by the depiction of military weapons (p=0.010), the bystanders by the
number of casualties (p=0.049), the bystanders by the drowning stage of the casualty (p=0.014), the location by the means
of transportation (p<0.001), the location by the drowning stage (p<0.001), the water depth during the rescue attempt
(p=0.012), the water depth at the time of transportation (p<0.001), the casualty characteristics by the use of military
weapons (p=0.001) and finally the casualty number by the means of transportation (p=0.018).

Conclusions:
Casualties
were portrayed to be most often military adult males that drowned at sea in deep water. They were often seen to be
immersed carrying weapons, and were witnessed by the bystanders. Art has provided us with a heritage of depictions that
portrays drowning during military or combat situations. Warriors were always depicted accurately drowning but not
always swimming. From this wealth of artistic information, we can deduce how the portrayed warriors and/or civilians
under distress met their end or survived a drowning episode and avoided the enemy.
Control Strategies and Suicidal Ideation in Older Primary Care Patients with Functional Limitations
Authors: Fiske Amy , Bamonti Patricia M. , Nadorff Michael R. , Petts Rachel A. , Sperry Jeannie A. 
Published: February 2014

Objectives: Failure to adapt to limitations in control may place older adults at risk for suicidal behavior. The present study examined the relation between control strategies, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in older adults with health-related limitations. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 50 older adult (aged 65–94) primary care patients with health-related limitations. Results: Compensatory primary control strategies characterized by seeking help from others were associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation, independent of depressive symptoms. Selective primary control strategies (e.g., persistence) were also associated with reduced suicidal ideation independent of depressive symptoms, but only when a low level of compensatory primary control strategies was endorsed. Selective secondary control strategies were associated with higher suicidal ideation, whereas compensatory secondary control strategies (e.g., goal disengagement) were unrelated in this sample after controlling for covariates. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that primary care patients with functional limitations who are not striving to meet their goals, either through persistence or by seeking help from others, are at elevated risk of suicidal thinking.
Can Hoarding Be a Symptom of Social Anxiety Disorder? A Case Study
Authors: Vigne Paula , De Menezes Gabriela B. , Yücel Murat , Fontenelle Leonardo F. 
Published: February 2014

Background: Hoarding is defined as the excessive collection and failure to discard possessions of apparently little value, leading to clutter, distress, and disability. Although patients with hoarding typically may feel ludicrous for not discarding useless, and sometimes bizarre, possessions, we are not aware of any previous description of patients displaying hoarding as a result of social anxiety. Method: Single case report. Results: In this article, we describe a patient with severe social anxiety disorder who displayed hoarding as a direct consequence of social anxiety-related beliefs and atypical safety behaviors. Conclusions: This case is of particular interest to current debates concerning the status of hoarding in new versions of classificatory systems. It also indicates that social anxiety disorder should be included in the list of conditions that needs to be excluded in order to diagnose “primary” hoarding disorder.
Empirically Establishing Blood Glucose Targets to Achieve HbA1c Goals
Authors: Wei Nancy , Zheng Hui , Nathan David M. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
To determine the average fasting, postprandial, and bedtime self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) concentrations associated with specified HbA1c levels using data from the A1c-Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The ADAG study was a multicenter observational study that used continuous glucose monitoring and SMBG testing to determine the relationship between mean average glucose and HbA1c. We used the SMBG data from 470 of the ADAG study participants (237 with type 1 diabetes and 147 with type 2 diabetes) to determine the average fasting, premeal, 90-min postmeal, and bedtime blood glucose (BG) for predefined target HbA1c groups between 5.5 and 8.5% (37–69 mmol/mol). t Tests were used to compare mean BG values between type 1 and type 2 diabetes groups.

RESULTS
The average fasting BG needed to achieve predefined HbA1c target levels of 5.5–6.49% (37–47 mmol/mol), 6.5–6.99% (48–52 mmol/mol), 7.0–7.49% (52–58 mmol/mol), 7.5–7.99% (58–64 mmol/mol), and 8.0–8.5% (64–69 mmol/mol) were 122 mg/dL with 95% CI 117–127, 142 mg/dL (135–150), 152 mg/dL (143–162), 167 mg/dL (157–177), and 178 mg/dL (164–192), respectively. Postmeal BG to achieve the HbA1c level of 6.5–6.99% (48–52 mmol/mol) and 7.0–7.49% (52–58 mmol/mol) were 164 mg/dL (159–169) and 176 mg/dL (170–183), respectively. Bedtime BG was 153 mg/dL (145–161) and 177 mg/dL (166–188), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
We have determined the average BG at premeal, postmeal, and bedtime to achieve a variety of HbA1c targets. These results, based on empirical data, will help patients and providers set realistic day-to-day SMBG targets to achieve individualized HbA1c goals.
Severe Hypoglycemia Identifies Vulnerable Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at Risk for Premature Death and All-Site Cancer: The Hong Kong Diabetes Registry
Authors: Kong Alice P.S. , Yang Xilin , Luk Andrea , Ma Ronald C.W. , So Wing Yee , Ozaki Risa , Ting Rose , Cheung Kitty , Ho Chung Shun , Chan Michael H.M. , Chow Chun Chung , Chan Juliana C.N. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
We examined the associations of clinical profiles in type 2 diabetic patients who developed severe hypoglycemia and their clinical outcomes, including death and all-site cancer.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A consecutive cohort of 8,767 type 2 diabetic patients with and without severe hypoglycemia in the 12 months before enrollment were recruited between 1995 and 2007, with follow-up until 2009. Severe hypoglycemia was defined by ICD-9 codes as hospitalizations resulting from hypoglycemia. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CIs of clinical factors collected at enrollment for severe hypoglycemia.

RESULTS
In this cohort, mean age was 57.4 (SD 13.2) years and median disease duration of diabetes was 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–11) years. During a median follow-up of 6.71 (IQR 3.47–10.38) years, 235 patients had severe hypoglycemia (incidence 3.96 [95% CI 3.45–4.46] per 1,000 patient-years). At enrollment, patients with and without severe hypoglycemia had similar cancer rates. During follow-up, patients with severe hypoglycemia had a higher incidence of all-site cancer (13.4 vs. 6.4%, P &lt; 0.0001) and mortality (32.8 vs. 11.2%, P &lt; 0.0001) than those without severe hypoglycemia. After adjusting for confounders, old age, low BMI, high glycated hemoglobin, low triglyceride (TG), low LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), albuminuria, and chronic kidney disease were independent predictors for severe hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS
In type 2 diabetes, severe hypoglycemia is associated with advanced age, renal dysfunction, poor glycemic control, and cancer subphenotypes (low BMI, low LDL-C, and low TG).
Multidisciplinary Approach to Delayed Treatment of Traumatic Teeth Injuries Involving Extrusive Luxation, Avulsion and Crown Fracture
Authors: Elbay Ü Şermet , Baysal A , Elbay M , Sarıdağ S 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYA 12-year-old boy with extrusion of the maxillary right central incisor, uncomplicated fracture of the left central incisor, avulsion of the mandibular right and left central incisors, and crown fracture of the mandibular right lateral incisor presented to the Kocaeli University Department of Pediatric Dentistry 20 days after sustaining the traumatic injuries.Orthodontic repositioning of the extrusive maxillary right central incisor was planned. Additionally, this tooth was necrotic and needed root canal treatment. The maxillary left central incisor and right mandibular lateral incisor were necrotic and needed root canal treatment. The orthodontic and endodontic treatments were successfully performed simultaneously.Restoration of the fractured mandibular right lateral incisor and maxillary left central incisor was completed with resin composite. Subsequent to orthodontic and endodontic treatment, prosthodontic rehabilitation was performed. At the two-year followup, the teeth appeared normal and the patient had no complaints.
Landscape changes based on sedimentological and geochemical studies in the region of Brudzeń Duży
Authors: Smolska Ewa , Szwarczewski Piotr 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Sedimentological and geochemical research carried out in North- West Mazovia, central Poland, allowed the determination of landscape transformation in relation to the history of human settlement. The types of sediments subject to analysis included palaeochannel filling, accumulation on the river floodplain and colluvial deposits. The absolute ages of sediments and their sedimentological features allow the conclusion that the first response to human activity in the area is recorded in the overbank deposits in the Skrwa River valley as a result of the Wielbarska Culture in 200-300 AD. Subsequently, fan accumulation at the mouths of gullies started around the 12th-13th centuries AD. Frequent changes of sediment properties have been observed since the early Middle Ages. The subsequent anthropogenic impact on homogenous deposits is recorded in increased heavy metal concentration in vertical geological profiles.
Nonequilibrium model on Archimedean lattices
Authors: Lima F. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
On (4, 6, 12) and (4, 82) Archimedean lattices, the critical properties of the majority-vote model are considered and studied using the Glauber transition rate proposed by Kwak et al. [Kwak et al., Phys. Rev. E, 75, 061110 (2007)] rather than the traditional majority-vote with noise [Oliveira, J. Stat. Phys. 66, 273 (1992)]. We obtain T
c and the critical exponents for this Glauber rate from extensive Monte Carlo studies and finite size scaling. The calculated values of the critical temperatures and Binder cumulant are T
c = 0.651(3) and U
4* = 0.612(5), and T
c = 0.667(2) and U
4* = 0.613(5), for (4, 6, 12) and (4, 82) lattices respectively, while the exponent (ratios) β/ν, γ/ν and 1/ν are respectively: 0.105(8), 1.48(11) and 1.16(5) for (4, 6, 12); and 0.113(2), 1.60(4) and 0.84(6) for (4, 82) lattices. The usual Ising model and the majority-vote model on previously studied regular lattices or complex networks differ from our new results.
Determination of nitrites and nitrates in drinking water using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Martínková Eva , Křžek Tomáš , Coufal Pavel 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis work was concerned with developing an electrophoretic method for rapid determination of nitrites and nitrates in drinking water. The background electrolyte was Tris-HCl buffer with an addition of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride to reverse the electro-osmotic flow. Online preconcentration of samples using the field-amplified sample stacking method provided detection limits of 0.003 mg L−1 (i.e. 65 nM) for nitrites and 0.010 mg L−1 (i.e. 160 nM) for nitrates, which are sufficiently low for quality control of drinking water. The method was tested in a concentration range corresponding to real drinking water samples and the differentiation between nitrites and nitrates was sufficient for simultaneous determination of nitrites at their concentrations of the order of tenths of mg L−1 and nitrates at their concentrations of the order of units to tens of mg L−1. A number of authors have neglected this important aspect when concentrating only on achieving the lowest possible detection limits. Separation of the two analytes and iodate as an internal standard was achieved in only three minutes. Total analysis time including preconditioning was eight minutes.
Classification of Exacerbation Episodes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Gorzelniak L. , Schultz K. , Wittmann M. , Rudnik J. , Jörres R. , Horsch A. , Dias A. 
Published: February 2014

Summary
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease affecting the airways, which constitutes a major cause of chronic morbidity and a significant economic and social burden throughout the world. Despite the fact that in COPD patients exacerbations are common acute events causing significant and often fatal worsening of symptoms, an accurate prognostication continues to be difficult.
Objectives: To build computational models capable of distinguishing between normal life days from exacerbation days in COPD patients, based on physical activity measured by accelerometers.
Methods: We recruited 58 patients suffering from COPD and measured their physical activity with accelerometers for 10 days or more, from August 2009 to March 2010. During this period we recorded six exacerbation episodes in the patients, accounting for 37 days. We were able to analyse data for 52 patients (369 patient days), and extracted three distinct sets of features from the data, one set of basic features such as average, one set based on the frequency domain and the last exploring the cross-information among sensors pairs. These were used by three machine-learning techniques (logarith mic regression, neural networks, support vector machines) to distinguish days with exacerbation events from normal days.
Results: The support vector machine clas -sifier achieved an AUC of 90% ± 9, when supplied with a set of features resulting from sequential feature selection method. Neural networks achieved an AUC of 83% ± 16 and the logarithmic regression an AUC of 67% ± 15.
Conclusions: None of the individual feature sets provided robust for reasonable classi -fication of PA recording days. Our results indicate that this approach has the potential to extract useful information for, but are not robust enough for medical application of the system.