bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiology of Pancytopenia: An Observation from a Referral Medical Institution of Eastern Region of India
Authors: Dasgupta Senjuti , Mandal Prakas K , Chakrabarti Sudipta 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: Pancytopenia is a relatively common hematological condition, the etiological factors of which vary widely in different geographic location. Determining the specific etiology is of immense importance for appropriate management. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to delineate etiological factors leading to pancytopenia in a Tertiary Care Hospital of West Bengal from Eastern Region of India.
Aims and Objectives:The present study was undertaken to delineate etiological factors leading to pancytopenia in a Tertiary Care Hospital of West Bengal from Eastern Region of India.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted for a period of 2 years in which 248 patients were included. After obtaining a relevant clinical history, physical examination was done followed by complete blood count including peripheral blood smears examination, relevant biochemical, and radiological investigations. Afterward, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were performed and microscopically examined.
Results: Among 248 patients studied, 156 (62.9%) were males and 92 (37.09%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 33 years. Aplastic anemia was the most common cause of pancytopenia that was observed in 83 cases (33.47%) followed by megaloblastic anemia in 52 cases (20.97%), leishmaniasis in 34 patients (13.71%), hypersplenism also in 34 patients (13.71%), and tuberculosis and other connective tissue disorders in 18 cases (7.26%). The occurrence of aplastic anemia was statistically significant in pediatric (≤15 years) age group.
Conclusion: Aplastic anemia was found to be the most common cause of pancytopenia in this study, which is in contrast to studies conducted from other regions of India. Delineation of etiologies of pancytopenia in various regions can help in defining diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, which is expected to contribute toward the better management of such patients.
I thought Frailty's Name was Carl”:
Authors: Mills Dan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
William Shakespeare's Hamlet has become one of the most cited, appropriated, and referenced texts in the Western canon. This article examines an overlooked appropriation, the cult classic TV show Mystery Science Theater 3000's episode entitled “Hamlet.” Popularly known as MST3K, the show engaged in a very postmodern, metadiscourse by depicting characters watching bad movies and making sarcastic comments about them for the viewer at home. But in taking on this gloomy, black-and-white German-language production of Hamlet, this MST3K episode poses important questions about what constitutes a canonical work and how exactly a work becomes part of a literary canon. Through an analysis of this episode of MST3K through the perspectives of aesthetic and postmodern theory, this article suggests that this appropriation of Hamlet ushers in a new type of canon initiation, and, in the case of MST3K's take on the play, presents what I would like to call a “postmodern canon.”
The Antioch Within:
Authors: Plough Edward 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Since 1908, there have been at least ninety musical theater adaptations of Shakespeare's plays. The relative dearth of studies dedicated to Shakespearean musical theater adaptations is surprising. Perhaps because musical theater itself has had trouble being serious, critics have had trouble taking it seriously. In response to this problem, Kalena Dickerson Chevalier, Stephen Clark, and I have researched, conceived of, composed, and produced a full-length modern-day vernacular musical adaptation of Shakespeare's most “preposterous contemporary Jacobean” play, Pericles, Prince of Tyre. The project was based on the hypothesis that an immersive approach would yield original, first-hand data that could be useful for both theater artists and literary scholars. This article responds to the problem of the critical community's routine underestimation, misapprehension, and neglect of Shakespearean musical adaptations. In an effort to show theory in action, the present study explains how our choices in adapting Pericles' setting, characters, and plot were based on contemporary adaptation theory, Pericles scholarship, and our own creative goals. This study yields sharper understanding of Pericles as well as the process of adapting Shakespeare to the musical theater genre.
Targeted Disruption of the β2-Microglobulin Gene Minimizes the Immunogenicity of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Dachun , Quan Yuan , Yan Qing , Morales John E. , Wetsel Rick A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a promising source of cells for tissue regeneration, yet histoincompatibility remains a major challenge to their clinical application. Because the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules are the primary mediators of immune rejection, we hypothesized that cells derived from a hESC line lacking HLA-I expression could be transplanted without evoking a robust immune response from allogeneic recipients. In the present study, we used the replacement targeting strategy to delete exons 2 and 3 of β2-microglobulin on both gene alleles in hESCs. Because β2-microglobulin serves as the HLA-I light chain, disruption of the β2-microglobulin gene led to complete HLA-I deficiency on the cell surface of hESCs and their derivatives. Therefore, these cells were resistant to CD8+ T-cell-mediated destruction. Although interferon-γ (IFN-γ) treatment significantly induced β2-microglobulin expression, promoting CD8+ T cell-mediated killing of control hESCs and their derivatives, CD8+ T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity was barely observed with β2-microglobulin-null hESCs and their derivatives treated with IFN-γ. This genetic manipulation to disrupt HLA-I expression did not affect the self-renewal capacity, genomic stability, or pluripotency of hESCs. Despite being relatively sensitive to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated killing due to the lack of HLA-I expression, when transplanted into NK cell-depleted immunocompetent mice, β2-microglobulin-null hESCs developed into tumors resembling those derived from control hESCs in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. These results demonstrate that β2-microglobulin-null hESCs significantly reduce immunogenicity to CD8+ T cells and might provide a renewable source of cells for tissue regeneration without the need for HLA matching in the future.

Significance
This study reports the generation of a novel β2-microglobulin (B2M)−/− human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line. Differentiated mature cells from this line do not express cell surface human leukocyte antigen molecules even after interferon-γ stimulation and are resistant to alloreactive CD8+ T cells. Moreover, this B2M−/− hESC line contains no off-target integration or cleavage events, is devoid of stable B2M mRNA, exhibits a normal karyotype, and retains its self-renewal capacity, genomic stability, and pluripotency. Although B2M−/− hESC-derived cells are more susceptible to natural killer (NK) cells, murine transplantation studies have indicated that they are, overall, much less immunogenic than normal hESCs. Thus, these data show for the first time that, in vivo, the advantages provided by B2M−/− hESC-derived cells in avoiding CD8+ T-cell killing appear significantly greater than any disadvantage caused by increased susceptibility to NK cells.
Emerging Multifunctionality in 2D Ferroelectrics: A Theoretical Review of the Interplay With Magnetics, Valleytronics, Mechanics, and Optics
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Fang , Guo Hao , Zhu Yongqian , Song Shunuo , Zhang Xudan , Luo Wanhao , Zhang Yu‐Yang , Du Shixuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract2D ferroelectric materials present promising applications in information storage, sensor technology, and optoelectronics through their coupling with magnetics/valleytronics, mechanics, and optics, respectively. The integration of 2D ferroelectrics with magnetism enhances data storage density in memory devices by enabling electric‐field‐controlled magnetic states. Ferroelectric‐valley coupling holds promise for high‐speed, low‐energy electronics by leveraging the electrical control of valley polarization. Ferroelectric‐strain coupling results in various polar topologies, with potential applications in high‐density data storage technologies and sensor devices. Moreover, the coupling between ferroelectrics and optics facilitates the development of nonlinear photonics based on ferroelectric materials. This review summarizes the latest theoretical progress in the coupling mechanisms, including the Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya‐interaction‐induced magnetoelectric coupling, symmetry‐linked ferroelectric‐valley coupling, ferroelectric‐strain‐coupling‐generated polar topologies, and second‐harmonic generation through ferroelectric‐light interactions. The current challenges and future opportunities in harnessing the coupling in 2D ferroelectric materials for multifunctional applications are provided.
Deciphering Structure and Charge Carrier Behavior in Reduced‐Dimensional Perovskites
Authors: Sun Kun , Guo Renjun , Liu Shangpu , Guo Dengyang , Jiang Xiongzhuo , Huber Linus F. , Liang Yuxin , Reus Manuel A. , Li Zerui , Guan Tianfu , Zhou Jungui , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Stranks Samuel D. , Deschler Felix , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReduced‐dimensional perovskites (RDPs) have advanced perovskite optoelectronic devices due to their tunable energy landscape, structure, and orientation. However, the origin of structural and photophysical property changes when moving from low‐dimensional to high‐dimensional RDPs remains to be understood. This study systematically reveals structural and photophysical properties of slot‐die‐coated Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) and Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) RDPs with different dimensionalities. RP RDPs with lower dimensionality (n = 2) exhibit a dominant n = 2 phase, preferential out‐of‐plane orientation, and longer charge carrier lifetime compared with DJ RDPs. In addition, the formation kinetics of RDPs with higher dimensionality (n = 4) are unraveled by in situ X‐ray scattering, showing the favorable formation of the lower‐n phase in RP RDPs. The formation of these lower‐n phases is thermodynamically and stoichiometrically favored, while these phases are likely in the form of an “intermediate phase” which bridges the 3D‐like and lower‐n phases in DJ RDPs. DJ RDPs with higher dimensionality demonstrate comparable phase purity, preferential orientation, spatially vertical phase homogeneity, and longer charge carrier lifetime. As such, DJ‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) (n = 4) demonstrate better photostability under operational conditions than RP‐based PSCs. Thus, the work paves the way for the utilization of RDPs to upscale PSCs.
Direct Observations of Spontaneous In‐Plane Electronic Polarization in 2D Te Films
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Hao , Yang Lian‐Zhi , Qin Hao‐Jun , Liao Wen‐Ao , Liu Heng , Fu Jun , Zeng Hualing , Zhang Wenhao , Fu Ying‐Shuang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSingle‐element polarization in low dimensions is fascinating for constructing next‐generation nanoelectronics with multiple functionalities, yet remains difficult to access with satisfactory performance. Here, spectroscopic evidences are presented for the spontaneous electronic polarization in tellurium (Te) films thinned down to bilayer, characterized by low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. The unique chiral structure and centrosymmetry‐breaking character in 2D Te gives rise to sizable in‐plane polarization with accumulated charges, which is demonstrated by the reversed band‐bending trends at opposite polarization edges in spatially resolved spectra and conductance mappings. The polarity of charges exhibits intriguing influence on imaging the moiré superlattice at the Te‐graphene interface. Moreover, the plain spontaneous polarization robustly exists for various film thicknesses, and can universally preserve against different epitaxial substrates. The experimental validations of considerable electronic polarization in Te multilayers thus provide a realistic platform for promisingly facilitating reliable applications in microelectronic devices.
In‐Materia Annealing and Combinatorial Optimization Based on Vertical Memristive Array
Authors: Lee Soo Hyung , Cheong Sunwoo , Cho Jea Min , Ghenzi Néstor , Shin Dong Hoon , Jang Yoon Ho , Han Janguk , Park Tae Won , Kim Dong Yun , Shim Sung Keun , Han Joon‐Kyu , Kim Seung Soo , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to its area and energy efficiency, a memristive crossbar array (CBA) has been extensively studied for various combinatorial optimization applications, from network problems to circuit design. However, conventional approaches include heavily burdening software fine‐tuning for the annealing process. Instead, this study introduces the “in‐materia annealing” method, where the inter‐layer interference of vertically stacked memristive CBA is utilized as an annealing method. When mapping combinatorial optimization problems into the configuration layer of the CBA, exponentially decaying annealing profiles are generated in nearby noise layers. Moreover, in‐materia annealing profiles can be controlled by changing compliance current, read voltage, and read pulse width. Therefore, the annealing profiles can be arbitrarily controlled and generated individually for each cell, providing rich noise sources to solve the problem efficiently. Consequently, the experimental and simulation of Max‐Cut and weighted Max‐Cut problems achieve notable results with the minimum software burden.
Light‐Induced Direct Decarboxylative Functionalization of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Tu Jia‐Lin , Shen Zhengjia , Huang Binbin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAryl radicals are important intermediates in organic synthesis. The generation of these reactive species via direct decarboxylation of inexpensive and readily available aromatic carboxylic acids is an attractive goal. However, such a process intrinsically exhibits high energy barriers to overcome, which in consequence usually require precious metal catalysis, stoichiometric oxidants and harsh conditions, suffering from limitations such as poor functional group tolerance and low atom economy. In recent years, photochemical reactions have provided new approaches to address this challenge. Three major strategies have been introduced in this emerging field: 1) one‐pot in‐situ activation of benzoic acids to generate intermediates such as benzoyl hypobromites or hypoiodites; 2) the use of specialized photocatalysts like biphenyl/1,4‐dicyanobenzene to promote decarboxylation through photo‐induced electron transfer or charge transfer processes; 3) photo‐induced LMCT (Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer) strategy where copper or iron salts coordinate to the carboxylate anion and generate aromatic radicals upon visible light excitation. On the basis of these three strategies, this review will systematically summarize the development of visible‐light‐induced direct decarboxylative functionalization of aromatic carboxylic acids, focusing on the reaction mechanism and substrate scope, and discuss their prospects in organic synthesis.
1‐Alkynylphosphorus Compounds in Organic Synthesis, 2010–2024
Authors: Ni Hai‐Liang , Wen Zhong , Xue Huan‐Zhu , Chen Long 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince the review of Yorimitsu and Oshima in 2010, the past 15 years have witnessed significant progresses in the application of 1‐alkynylphosphorus compounds in organic synthesis. Owing to the reactive carbon‐carbon triple bond in association with the electron‐withdrawing phosphoryl group, they easily undergo transition metal‐catalyzed nucleophilic addition reactions at the β‐position with carbon‐ and heteroatom‐based nucleophiles to afford structurally diverse 1‐alkenyl phosphorus compounds. Especially, when 1‐alkynylphosphonates or phosphinates are used, intramolecular substitution reactions on P‐atom might occur in some cases, which would result in the formation of P‐based heterocycles. In addition, the existing triple bond makes them prone to go through addition reaction initiated cyclization reactions and [2+2], [2+3], [2+4], [2+5] and [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions with other unsaturated bonds, which provides an efficient access to various P‐based heterocycles and phosphorylated carbon‐ and heterocycles.
Highly Conductive Ink Based on Self‐Aligned Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes through Inter‐Fiber Sliding in Cellulose Fibril Networks
Authors: Park Sejung , Song Yeeun , Ryu Boeun , Song Young‐Woong , Lee Haney , Kim Yejin , Lim Jinsub , Lee Doojin , Yoon Hyeonseok , Lee Changkee , Yun Changhun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs), owing to their superior electrical and mechanical properties, are a promising alternative to nonmetallic electrically conducting materials. In practice, cellulose as a low‐cost sustainable matrix has been used to prepare the aqueous dispersion of cellulose‐CNT (C‐CNT) nanocomposites. However, the compatibility with conventional solution‐processing and structural rearrangement for improving conductivity has yet to be determined. Herein, a straightforward route to prepare a conductive composite material from single‐walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and natural pulp is reported. High‐power shaking realizes the self‐alignment of individual SWCNTs in a cellulose matrix, resulting from the structural change in molecular orientations owing to countless collisions of zirconia beads in the aqueous mixture. The structural analysis of the dried C‐CNT films confirms that the entanglement and dispersion of C‐CNT nanowires determine the mechanical and electrical properties. Moreover, the rheological behavior of C‐CNT inks explains their coating and printing characteristics. By controlling shaking time, the electrical conductivity of the C‐CNT films with only 9 wt.% of SWCNTs from 0.9 to 102.4 S cm−1 are adjusted. the optimized C‐CNT ink is highly compatible with the conventional coating and printing processes on diverse substrates, thus finding potential applications in eco‐friendly, highly flexible, and stretchable electrodes is also demonstrated.
Significantly Promoting the Thermal Conductivity and Machinability of Negative Thermal Expansion Alloy via In Situ Precipitation of Copper Networks
Authors: Ai Minjun , Song Yuzhu , Long Feixiang , Zhang Yuanpeng , An Ke , Yu Dunji , Chen Yan , Sakai Yuki , Ikeda Masahito , Takahashi Kazuki , Azuma Masaki , Shi Naike , Zhou Chang , Chen Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRapid advancements in electronic devices yield an urgent demand for high‐performance electronic packaging materials with high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, and great mechanical properties. However, it is a great challenge for current design philosophies to fulfill all the requirements simultaneously. Here, an effective strategy is proposed for significantly promoting the thermal conductivity and machinability of negative thermal expansion alloy (Zr,Nb)Fe2 through eutectic precipitation of copper networks. The eutectic dual‐phase alloy exhibits an isotropic chips‐matched thermal expansion coefficient and a thermal conductivity enhancement exceeding 200% compared with (Zr,Nb)Fe2, along with an ultimate compressive strength of 550 MPa. The addition of copper reorganizes the composition of (Zr,Nb)Fe2, which smooths the magnetic transition and shifts it toward higher temperature, resulting in linear low thermal expansion in a wide temperature range. The highly fine eutectic copper lamellae construct high thermal conductivity networks within (Zr,Nb)Fe2, serving as highways for heat transfer electrons and phonons. The in situ forming of eutectic copper lamellae also facilitates the mechanical properties by enhancing interfacial bonding and bearing additional stress after yielding of (Zr,Nb)Fe2. This work provides a novel strategy for promoting thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of negative thermal expansion alloys via eutectic precipitation of copper networks.
Precise AIE‐Based Ternary Co‐Assembly for Saccharide Recognition and Classification
Authors: Chang Yongxin , Shao Juan , Zhao Xinjia , Qin Haijuan , Du Yanqing , Li Junrong , Li Qiongya , Sun Wenjing , Wang Guoxiong , Qing Guangyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSaccharides are involved in nearly all life processes. However, due to the complexity and diversity of saccharide structures, their selective recognition is one of the most challenging tasks. Distinct from conventional receptor designs that rely on delicate and complicated molecular structures, here a novel and precise ternary co‐assembled strategy is reported for achieving saccharide recognition, which originates from a halogen ions‐driven aggregation‐induced emission module called p‐Toluidine, N, N′‐1‐propen‐1‐yl‐3‐ylidene hydrochloride (PN‐Tol). It exhibits ultra‐strong self‐assembly capability and specifically binds to 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA), forming highly ordered co‐assemblies. Subsequent binding of various saccharides results in heterogeneous ternary assembly behaviors, generating cluster‐like, spherical, and rod‐like microstructures with well‐defined crystalline patterns, accompanied by significant enhancement of fluorescence. Owing to the excellent expandability of the PN module, an array sensor is constructed that enables easy classification of diverse saccharides, including epimer and optical isomers. This strategy demonstrates wide applicability and paves a new avenue for saccharide recognition, analysis, and sequencing.
Synthesis of Pyrrolidine‐fused β‐lactams as Potential β‐lactamase Inhibitors
Authors: Deketelaere Sari , Díez‐Poza Carlos , Aelbrecht Margot , Mortier Jonas , Van Den Bossche Bram , Franceus Jorick , Desmet Tom , Van Hecke Kristof , Stevens Christian V. , D'hooghe Matthias 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA synthetic protocol for the preparation of novel 3,4‐pyrrolidine‐fused β‐lactams was developed. The proposed 2,6‐diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan‐7‐one scaffolds were constructed through an amido group‐induced, potassium tert‐butoxide‐promoted intramolecular ring closure of 3‐acylamino‐4‐oxiranyl‐β‐lactams as the key reaction step. Alternatively, the desired cyclization was also effected by means of a scandium triflate‐mediated catalytic approach. In this way, a set of stereodefined 3,4‐pyrrolidine‐fused β‐lactams was synthesized, which were preliminary evaluated as β‐lactamase inhibitors. These first‐line biological assessments led to the identification of a 2‐benzoyl‐6‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐substituted diazabicyclo structure as an eligible starting point for further β‐lactamase inhibitor optimization studies.