bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moistening Processes for Madden–Julian Oscillations during DYNAMO/CINDY
Authors: Tseng Kai-Chih , Sui Chung-Hsiung , Li Tim 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLower-tropospheric (1000–700 hPa) moistening processes of the two Madden–Julian oscillations (MJOs) over the Indian Ocean during Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO)/Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in Year 2011 (CINDY) are investigated by using soundings, operational assimilation, and satellite data. A scale-separated moisture budget is calculated at the sounding site by using time-decomposed wind and moisture fields. Each budget term is projected onto the intraseasonal moisture anomaly and its time tendency change. The projections and the corresponding temporal correlations are analyzed together with the temporal evolution of the budget terms to identify the dominant moistening process responsible for the MJO evolution. Results indicate that broad-scale advection by low-frequency and MJO flow and moisture fields are dominant moisture sources, while the residual of the moisture budget (−Q2) is a dominant sink contributing to the tendency term (propagation) and intraseasonal moisture anomaly (growth and decay). Dividing their life cycles into four phases (suppressed, cloud developing, convective, and decaying phases), the two MJOs exhibit different budget balances in the premoistening stage from the suppressed phase to the cloud-developing phase when low-frequency vertical motion is downward in MJO1 but upward in MJO2. The corresponding drying and moistening are balanced by negative Q2 (reevaporation in nonraining cloud) in MJO1 and positive Q2 in MJO2. The result implies that low-frequency flow (>60 days) can affect the initiation of MJOs. The premoistening in the lower troposphere by boundary layer moisture convergence leading the deep convection is observed but only in the cloud-developing phase to convective phase of the MJOs. Nonlinear moisture advection by synoptic disturbances always acts as a diffusive term. It is the dominant moisture source in the suppress phase of the two MJOs.
Relationship between Typhoons with Concentric Eyewalls and ENSO in the Western North Pacific Basin
Authors: Yang Yi-Ting , Kuo Hung-Chi , Hendricks Eric A. , Liu Yi-Chin , Peng Melinda S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The typhoons with concentric eyewalls (CE) over the western North Pacific in different phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) between 1997 and 2012 are studied. They find a good correlation (0.72) between the annual CE typhoon number and the oceanic Niño index (ONI), with most of the CE typhoons occurring in the warm and neutral episodes. In the warm (neutral) episode, 55% (50%) of the typhoons possessed a CE structure. In contrast, only 25% of the typhoons possessed a CE structure in the cold episode. The CE formation frequency is also significantly different with 0.9 (0.2) CEs per month in the warm (cold) episode. There are more long-lived CE cases (CE structure maintained more than 20 h) and typhoons with multiple CE formations in the warm episodes. There are no typhoons with multiple CE formations in the cold episode. The warm episode CE typhoons generally have a larger size, stronger intensity, and smaller variation in convective activity and intensity. This may be due to the fact that the CE formation location is farther east in the warm episodes. Shifts in CE typhoon location with favorable conditions thus produce long-lived CE typhoons and multiple CE formations. The multiple CE formations may lead to expansion of the typhoon size.
Transparent and flexible capacitors based on nanolaminate Al2O3/TiO2/Al2O3
Authors: Zhang Guozhen , Wu Hao , Chen Chao , Wang Ti , Yue Jin , Liu Chang 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Transparent and flexible capacitors based on nanolaminate Al2O3/TiO2/Al2O3 dielectrics have been fabricated on indium tin oxide-coated polyethylene naphthalate substrates by atomic layer deposition. A capacitance density of 7.8 fF/μm2 at 10 KHz was obtained, corresponding to a dielectric constant of 26.3. Moreover, a low leakage current density of 3.9 × 10−8 A/cm2 at 1 V has been realized. Bending test shows that the capacitors have better performances in concave conditions than in convex conditions. The capacitors exhibit an average optical transmittance of about 70% in visible range and thus open the door for applications in transparent and flexible integrated circuits.
Progressive sharing of multiple images with sensitivity-controlled decoding
Authors: Chang Sheng-Yu , Lee Suiang-Shyan , Yeh Tzu-Min , Chen Lee Shu-Teng , Lin Ja-Chen 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Secure sharing of digital images is becoming an important issue. Consequently, many schemes for ensuring image sharing security have been proposed. However, existing approaches focus on the sharing of a single image, rather than multiple images. We propose three kinds of sharing methods that progressively reveal n given secret images according to the sensitivity level of each image. Method 1 divides each secret image into n parts and then combines and hides the parts of the images to get n steganographic (stego) JPEG codes of equal importance. Method 2 is similar; however, it allocates different stego JPEG codes of different ‘weights’ to indicate their strength. Method 3 first applies traditional threshold-sharing to the n secret images, then progressively shares k keys, and finally combines the two sharing results to get n stego JPEG codes. In the recovery phase, various parameters are compared to a pre-specified low/middle/high (L/M/H) threshold and, according to the respective method, determine whether or not secret images are reconstructed and the quality of the images reconstructed. The results of experiments conducted verify the efficacy of our methods.
A Nemytskii-Edelstein type fixed point theorem for partial metric spaces
Authors: Shahzad Naseer , Valero Oscar 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn 1994, Matthews obtained an extension of the celebrated Banach fixed point theorem to the partial metric framework (Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 728:183-197, 1994). Motivated by the Matthews extension of the Banach theorem, we present a Nemytskii-Edelstein type fixed point theorem for self-mappings in partial metric spaces in such a way that the classical one can be retrieved as a particular case of our new result. We give examples which show that the assumed hypothesis in our new result cannot be weakened. Moreover, we show that our new fixed point theorem allows one to find fixed points of mappings in some cases in which the Matthews result and the classical Nemytskii-Edelstein one cannot be applied. Furthermore, we provide a negative answer to the question about whether our new result can be retrieved as a particular case of the classical Nemytskii-Edelstein one whenever the metrization technique, developed by Hitzler and Seda (Mathematical Aspects of Logic Programming Semantics, 2011), is applied to partial metric spaces.
Octopus arm movements under constrained conditions: adaptation, modification and plasticity of motor primitives
Authors: Richter Jonas N. , Hochner Binyamin , Kuba Michael J. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
The motor control of the eight highly flexible arms of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) has been the focus of several recent studies. Our study is the first to manage to introduce a physical constraint to an octopus arm and investigate the adaptability of stereotypical bend propagation in reaching movements and the pseudo-limb articulation during fetching. Subjects (N=6) were placed inside a transparent Perspex box with a hole at the center that allowed the insertion of a single arm. Animals had to reach out through the hole toward a target, to retrieve a food reward and fetch it. All subjects successfully adjusted their movements to the constraint without an adaptation phase. During reaching tasks, the animals showed two movement strategies: stereotypical bend propagation reachings, which were established at the hole of the Perspex box and variant waving-like movements that showed no bend propagations. During fetching movements, no complete pseudo-joint fetching was observed outside the box and subjects pulled their arms through the hole in a pull-in like movement. Our findings show that there is some flexibility in the octopus motor system to adapt to a novel situation. However, at present, it seems that these changes are more an effect of random choices between different alternative motor programs, without showing clear learning effects in the choice between the alternatives. Interestingly, animals were able to adapt the fetching movements to the physical constraint, or as an alternative explanation, they could switch the motor primitive fetching to a different motor primitive ‘arm pulling’.
Review essay: Shuttered experiences and revolution; A. Agathangelou and N. Soguk, (eds), Arab Revolutions and World Transformations
Authors: Bartsidis Michalis , Tsibiridou Fotini 
Published: February 2015

<p>This review essay involves a critical presentation and reflection of the volume edited by Anna Agathangelou and Nerzat Soguk entitled <em>Arab Revolutions and World Transformations</em> (London: Routledge, 2013). This volume contributes to the enrichment of the problematic regarding the Arab uprisings and opens up a discussion on three basic issues: firstly, revolution within the framework of postcolonial critique; secondly, the encounters between the local and the global; and lastly on the impact of social poetics and aesthetics of people as agents, beyond dominant orientalised discourses and representations of otherness. Under the lens of political anthropology and philosophy, this review essay introduces to these critical approaches an additional focus, that of the concept of “dignity”. Its ethical dimension should remind us of the importance of affect on the building of the universally posed political questions concerning democracy, revolution, social movements, citizenship and civic virtue.</p><p> </p>
Studies on Computer-Aided Design and Analysis of Three-Phase Semifluidized Bed Bioreactors
Authors: Narayanan C. M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Attempts have been made to perform computer-aided analysis and simulation of the performance of a three-phase semifluidized bed bioreactor. The bioreactor is of biofilm type. Cocurrent operation with liquid (substrate solution) forming the continuous phase has been considered. Both air and feed solution are thus admitted from the bottom, the air moving up as tiny bubbles. Being semifluidized, the bioreactor is composed of a fully fluidized bed at the bottom and a packed bed at the top. The performance of the bioreactor is analysed by assuming it to be equivalent to two plug flow dispersion reactors (PFDRs) in series, each with a different value of dispersion number/axial dispersion coefficient. The performance equations (assuming dispersed flow) for both sections are written separately and then solved numerically using fourth-order Runge–Kutta method/successive over-relaxation method, based on appropriate boundary conditions. The specific case considered is the aerobic synthesis of Xanthan gum from cheese whey permeate, which follows Contois-type kinetic equation. The fractional gas holdup in both sections, height ratio of fluidized section to packed section and the semifluidization velocity are computed at the outset from selected experimental correlations (compiled from available literature). The results obtained from the developed software package, after verifying experimentally, are used to study and illustrate the performance characteristics of the bioreactor. It is observed that the three-phase semifluidized bed biofilm reactor of proposed design provides substantially large fractional conversion of substrate at large capacities, with relatively low reactor volume requirement.
Understanding and misunderstanding in the Common European Framework of Reference: what we can learn from research on BELF and Intercultural Communication
Authors: Pitzl Marie-Luise 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Building on descriptive findings and theoretical insights from research on Intercultural Communication (IC) and English as a lingua franca (ELF), with a special emphasis on research in business contexts (i.e., BELF), this article examines how understanding and instances of miscommunication such as misunderstanding or breakdown are represented and discursively constructed in the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) (Council of Europe 2001). Using corpus linguistic methods, the analysis shows how the intercultural and linguistically diverse nature of interactions is portrayed as leading to – and being responsible for – the occurrence of misunderstanding in the CEFR. The observed patterns are equivalent to “analytic stereotyping” (Sarangi 1994: 409) of intercultural communication criticized by scholars already twenty years ago. The present paper argues that the deficit portrait of intercultural communication in the CEFR may be based on a number of implicit logical fallacies, such as the idealized notion that L1 communication is perfect and devoid of miscommunication. It is suggested that (E)LT discourse and language teaching practice would benefit from abandoning these essentialist concepts in favor of a more realistic approach to understanding as a jointly negotiated and interactional process as is proposed by many (B)ELF and IC researchers.
The Effect of Pressure on the Electrical Conductivity of the Molten Halides of Mercury and the Molten Iodides of Cadmium, Gallium and Indium
Authors: Cleaver Brian , Zani Pietro 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The electrical conductivities of molten HgCl2, HgBr2, Hgl2, Cdl2, Gal3 and InI3 were measured to pressures of 1 GPa (10 kbar), using a heated pressure vessel pressurised with argon. Additionally, the conductivities of CdI2 and HgCl2 were measured from 2 to 6 GPa, using a tetrahedral anvil apparatus. In every case the conductivity rose with pressure initially, and this is thought to be due to an increase in the degree of self-ionisation of the liquid. For CdI2 and Hgl2 a maximum was observed in the conductivity isotherm below 1 GPa, and for HgCl2 the conductivity fell with pressure from 2 to 6 GPa, implying that a maximum exists between 1 and 2 GPa. At the maximum the degree of ionisation approaches unity, and there is a balance between the competing effects of pressure in increasing the degree of ionisation and in reducing the ionic mobilities.
Nuclear Shell Structure in the Light of Quark Theory
Authors: Bleuler K. , Merk S. , Petry H. R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Realizing that the internal structure of nucleons undergoes appreciable changes through embedding into nuclear matter the finite nucleus is considered from the outset as a correlated system of quarks. As an appropriate approximation scheme we introduce an extended bag model, i.e. a bag with nuclear radius containing all 3n quarks of the n-nucleon system. As the direct interaction we choose a SU (3)-invariant generalized pairing force which is supposed to contain the major effects of the more general term. As a result of the calculations containing a.o. a rigorous diagonalization of the total Hamiltonian, the characteristic properties of the conventional (nuclear) shell structure are reproduced: The spin orbit splitting appears now as a property of the relativistic single quark states, and the independent nucleon states are represented by correlated 3-quark-clusters. In addition, the nuclear radius law follows directly from a normal value of the vacuum pressure.
The Chaotic Hierarchy
Authors: Rössler Otto E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The complexity of dynamical behavior possible in nonlinear (for example, electronic) systems depends only on the number of state variables involved. Single-variable dissipative dynamical systems (like the single-transistor flip-flop) can only possess point attractors. Two-variable systems (like an LC-oscillator) can possess a one-dimensional attractor (limit cycle). Three-variable systems admit two even more complicated types of behavior: a toroidal attractor (of doughnut shape) and a chaotic attractor (which looks like an infinitely often folded sheet). The latter is easier to obtain. In four variables, we analogously have the hyper-toroidal and the hyper-chaotic attractor, respectively; and so forth. In every higher-dimensional case, all of the lower forms are also possible as well as “mixed cases” (like a combined hypertoroidal and chaotic motion, for example). Ten simple ordinary differential equations, most of them easy to implement electronically, are presented to illustrate the hierarchical tree. A second tree, in which one more dimension is needed for every type, is called the weak hierarchy because the chaotic regimes contained cannot be detected physically and numerically. The relationship between the two hierarchies is posed as an open question. It may be approached empirically - using electronic systems, for example.
Chemiluminescent Oxidation Reaction of Eu2+ Ions with H2O2
Authors: Elbanowski Marian , Wierzchowski Jacek , Paetz Maria , Sławiński Janusz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A series of chemiluminescence (CL) investigations of rare earth ions in redox reactions has been initiated. The study of oxidation reactions of Eu2+ - uncomplexed and complexed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) -with H2O2 has revealed a distinct CL of Eu3+ with two-phasic kinetics, controlled by pH and the concentration of H2O2.
Topological Effect on MO Energies. III
Authors: Fabian W. , Motoc I. , Polansky O. E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The approach of the S and T isomers is applied to eight pairs of topologically related hetero-cyclic molecules with non-isomorphic partial structures. The CNDO/2 calculations as well as the experimental data clearly support the TEMO predictions.
Brillouin Scattering in Liquid Benzene Under High Pressure
Authors: Asenbaum A. , Hochheimer H. D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Brillouin spectra have been measured in liquid Benzene at high pressures up to 1300 bar and at the temperatures 298.15 K, 313.15 K, 323.15 K. and 343.15 K. From the experimental spectra the hypersound velocities and the energy relaxation times were determined. The total velocity dispersion ν2
∞/ν2
0 due to the relaxation of the vibrational specific heat c, is found to be nearly density independent in the pressure interval under study. It follows further that the experimentally determined specific heat corresponds to the theoretical value calculated with the vibrational modes of the Benzene molecule. The energy relaxation time t, connected with all vibrational modes but the lowest decreases with increasing density at constant temperature, at constant density τ1 decreases with growing temperature. The relative relaxation rates were used to test the cell model (CM) with movable walls and the collision theory (HS) of Einwohner and Alder. Using a hard sphere diameter derived from ex-perimental transport coefficients the experimental results were predicted better by HS than by CM.
A Fundamental Study on Uranium Isotope Separation Using U(IV)—U(VI) Electron Exchange Reaction
Authors: Fukuda Junji , Fujii Yasuhiko , Okamoto Makoto 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Displacement chromatography of electron-exchange reaction between U(IV) and U(VI) has been accomplished in an anion exchange resin column using Ti(III) ion as a reductant and Fe(III) ion as an oxidant. The details of the so-called redox-process for uranium isotope separation are described. The temperature dependencies of the elementary separation coefficient and the equilibrium constant of the isotope exchange reaction are discussed using the analytical data obtained by a series of separation experiments at different temperatures.
Luminescence and Laser Properties of the 10-Phenyl-9-acetoxyanthracene Derivatives
Authors: Heidt Janina R. 
Published: February 2015

Absorption and fluorescence spectra, fluorescence quantum yield and decay time have been measured for eight new 10-phenyl-9-acetoxyanthracene derivatives. It is found that the strength of the absorption transition is independent of the phenyl and anthracene substitution, whereas the strength of the fluorescence transition depends more on the functional groups substituted in the anthracene ring then in the phenyl ring. The loss of mirror symmetry between the absorption and emission spectra and the large values of the Stokes shift suggest that, due to perturbation of the functional groups, the molecular geometries of the S0 and S*
1 states are different.
The investigated compounds show laser action. The relative value of the absorption threshold power, the gain spectra and the lasing region have been determined. It is found that the amplified spontaneous emission and gain spectra depend on the interaction of the substituted phenyl ring with the π-electrons of the anthracene ring
Experimental Determination of the Form and Structure Factor of Molten Lithium
Authors: Olbrich H. , Ruppersberg H. , Steeb S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to state differences in the spatial distribution of valency electrons for free metal atoms and for molten metals. The element lithium was chosen since both its inner and outer electrons play an important role, so that when a precise X-ray and a precise neutron-diffraction experiment have been carried out a difference, if it exists at all. should be recognizable. The correction of the X-ray data for inelastic, i.e. Compton scattering was done on the basis of an inelastic measurement performed on a spectrometer equipped with a position sensitive detector.
The structure factors S (q) calculated from the X-ray and neutron diffraction data show very good coincidence within the whole q-range. Slight deviations for 0 ≦ q ≦ 1.7 Å-1 are discussed but yield no hint at all on electron correlations independent of the nuclei.
MNDO Studies on Electron Affinity and Ionization Potentials of Polycyano Derivatives of some Unsaturated Hydrocarbons and Benzene
Authors: Mirek Julian , Buda Andrzej 
Published: February 2015

Semiempirical MNDO calculations with optimization of geometry were carried out for several polycyano derivatives of some unsaturated hydrocarbons and benzene. The results show that the MNDO method overestimates the AEA s (adiabatic electron affinity) by about 0.575 eV. as is seen from the equation AEAexp = 0.998 AEAMNDO - 0.575; R = 0.9995. It was found that there exists a linear correlation between the energies of LUMO and the AEA's of the investigated compounds: AEA = - 1078 LUMO + 0.387; R = 0.9979 for 40 points.
MNDO does not show a linear correlation of AEA with IP (ionization potential). Generally, with increasing number of cyano substituents in unsaturated hydrocarbons the energy of HOMO and LUMO decreases, but this may not necessarily be true for higher molecular orbitals.
Freedericksz Transition in Hybrid Aligned Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell
Authors: Barbero G. 
Published: February 2015

We analyse the Freedericksz transition and the flexoelectric deformation in a hybrid aligned nematic liquid crystal cell. We show that the threshold field for the first effect is smaller than that for a homogeneous sample.
The calculations are made in the one constant approximation and in the general situation.
Furthermore, in the adiabatic approximation we calculated the polarization plane rotation vs. the applied magnetic field, in the one constant approximation. A similar calculation is made for the flexoelectric effect. In particular we show that it is possible to extend the analysis to a situation of weak anchoring energy.
Formation of Carbon Dioxide in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky-Reaction
Authors: Försterling H. D. , Idstein H. , Pachl R. , Schreiber H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The rate of formation of CO2 in the BZ system is measured and compared to the predictions of the Field-Körös-Noyes (FKN)-theory. The experimental rate is found to be larger than the theoretical rate by a factor of about 100. This discrepancy cannot be easily explained without severe changes in the FKN model. Moreover, improved rate constants of the most important organic reactions in the BZ system are given.