bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-COVID-19 pandemic changes in pertussis incidence among patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Wang Huabin , Fu Miao , Chen Wei , Ma Yongjun 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPrevious studies have compared the incidence of pertussis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, finding that public health measures related to COVID-19 contributed to a temporary decline in reported pertussis cases during the pandemic. However, the post-pandemic period has seen a resurgence in respiratory infections, influenced by relaxed health measures and decreased public vigilance. This study investigates the epidemiological dynamics of pertussis among patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in Zhejiang Province, China, providing essential reference information for ongoing public health strategies.MethodsThis study analyzed multicenter data from January 2023 to May 2024, involving 8,560 patients with ARTI from three hospitals in Zhejiang Province. Inclusion criteria included patients who presented with cough symptoms and were clinically diagnosed with either acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) or acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and who had undergone at least one Bordetella pertussis DNA test. The study analyzed the epidemiological changes of pertussis positivity rates and their associations with time, age, gender, and diagnosis types (URTI and LRTI).ResultsFrom January 2023 to May 2024, the positivity rate and testing number for pertussis among patients with ARTI generally showed a gradual increasing pattern. In March 2024, the positivity rate reached its peak at 31.58%, followed by a weekly decline. The overall positivity rate was 23.59%, with no significant differences observed between genders. Pertussis incidence was higher in patients with LRTI (24.49%) compared to those with URTI (18.63%, OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.20–1.63, p &lt; 0.001) and in outpatients (25.32%) compared to inpatients (6.09%, OR = 4.17, 95% CI: 3.07–5.64, p &lt; 0.001). According to a generalized additive model analysis, there was a wave-shaped, non-linear relationship between age and pertussis incidence, with a relatively high rate observed in the 5 to 17 age group, peaking at age 10 (33.85%). Additionally, the impact of age, patient type, and diagnosis type on the pertussis infection rate varied across different age groups.ConclusionAfter the COVID-19 pandemic, the positivity rate of pertussis in Zhejiang Province peaked in early 2024 and then showed a declining pattern. Children and adolescents were particularly affected, emphasizing the need for enhanced vaccination and public health interventions in this population.
The malnutrition in AECOPD and its association with unfavorable outcomes by comparing PNI, GNRI with the GLIM criteria: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Xueyang , Wang Yu , Xu Minmin , Zhang Yuanyi , Lyu Quanjun 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe management of nutritional risk has garnered significant attention in individuals diagnosed with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) due to the high prevalence of malnutrition and its correlation with unfavorable outcomes. While numerous rating scales exist to assist in assessment for both clinical and research purposes, there is considerable variability in the selection of scales based on the characteristics of the study participants and the study design. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) in identifying malnutrition and predicting prognosis in elderly AECOPD patients.MethodsFrom January 2022 to December 2022, a consecutive inclusion of elderly AECOPD patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University was conducted. Diagnosing malnutrition in patients using PNI and GNRI, comparing the results with the diagnostic outcomes based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria through Receiver Operating Characteristic curves. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the risks associated with length of stay (LOS), hospitalization costs, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) based on GLIM, GNRI, or PNI.ResultsA total of 839 elderly AECOPD patients were investigated in the study. The GNRI and PNI demonstrated a sensitivity of 89.5 and 74.1%, specificity of 77.2 and 66.4%, and an area under the curve of 0.834 and 0.702, respectively. The identification of high malnutrition-risk cases using the GLIM, GNRI and PNI were associated with a significant increase in the risk of LOS over 7 days [odds ratio (95% CI) for GLIM, GNRI, PNI: 1.376 (1.033–1.833); 1.405 (1.070–1.846); 1.875 (1.425–2.468)] and higher hospitalization expenses [OR (95% CI) for GLIM, GNRI: 1.498 (1.080–2.080); 1.510 (1.097–2.079)], but not with the CCI.ConclusionAccording to our study, it is possible to use GNRI and PNI as alternatives to GLIM in the context of AECOPD, which makes it easier to identify malnutrition. The utilization of GNRI and PNI as alternatives to GLIM in the context of AECOPD enables the identification of malnutrition. The presence of malnourished individuals experiencing AECOPD is correlated with higher probabilities of extended hospital stays and escalated in-hospital expenses.
Independent and combined effect of serum copper and folate on depression: cross-sectional data from the NHANES 2011–2016
Authors: Liu Mengqing , Wang Gang , Jiang Chongfei 
Published: August 2024

Background and objectiveDepression is a widespread mental health condition that can impact both mental and physical well-being. Prior research has shown that high levels of copper in the blood and low levels of folate are linked to depression. This study aimed to explore whether serum folate levels, independently or in combination with serum copper levels, associated with the risk of depression.MethodsData from participants aged 18–80 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed to examine the role of trace elements. Depression was assessed using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Logistic regression analyses were employed to evaluate the main effect of serum copper and folate levels on depression. Three indices, including the relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion of interaction (API), and synergy index (SI), were used to analyze the interaction effect.ResultsAmong the 4,847 participants selected for this study, 429 (8.9%) had PHQ-9 scores above 10, which we defined as having depressive symptoms. After adjusting for all confounding factors, higher serum copper levels [≥15.5 vs. &lt;15.5 μmol/L, odds ratio (OR): 1.54; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.18–2.11] and folate deficiency (folate ≥53.7 vs. &lt;53.7 μmol/L, OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.21–2.10) were associated with an increased risk of depression. Patients with both higher serum copper levels and folate deficiency (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.43–3.14) had the highest risk of depression than other levels. High copper levels and low folate levels are associated with the occurrence of depression symptoms, and there may be a synergistic effect between them (SI: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.49–4.76), with this interaction accounting for 19% of depression cases (API: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.01–0.54).ConclusionThere may be a synergistic interaction between high copper levels and low folate levels associated with increasing risk of depression. Further population-based interventional studies are needed to confirm whether folic acid supplementation is effective in preventing depression in individuals with high blood copper levels.
Long term survival achieved through combination of almonertinib and pyrotinib in EGFR-mutant/HER2-amplified advanced NSCLC patient: a case report and literature review
Authors: Pan Xin , Zhou Xiao 
Published: August 2024

BackgroudHuman epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification is an important mechanism of acquired resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. For patients with both EGFR mutation and HER2 amplification, there is currently no unified standard treatment, and further exploration is needed on how to choose the therapy.Methods and resultsA female NSCLC patient developed bone and brain metastases 14 and 42 months after radical surgery, respectively. The second genetic sequencing detected EGFR L858R mutation and HER2 amplification, and therefore initiated treatment with almonertinib and pyrotinib. The patient achieved partial remission and did not show any further progression during the follow-up period.ConclusionFor NSCLC patients with both EGFR mutation and HER2 amplification, the combination of almonertinib and pyrotinib is a valuable therapy that can continuously reduce tumor burden and achieve long-term survival.
Implementing fencing as adapted physical activity in non-metastatic breast cancer patients: design and early rehabilitation strategy of the FENICE study protocol
Authors: Berretta Massimiliano , Garozzo Daniele , Foti Calogero , Roselli Mario , Materazzo Marco , Vita Giulia , Iellamo Ferdinando , Scordari Marco , Di Mauro Giordana , Spatari Giovanna , Ottaiano Alessandro , Noce Annalisa , Pellicciaro Marco , Bignucolo Alessia , Vanni Gianluca , Buonomo Oreste Claudio 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundImproving prognosis of BC patients has drawn the attention of health care professionals on disease related long-term side effects and on the multiple treatments BC patients must undergo. Despite advances in procedures, surgery still has multiple detrimental effects, including pain, edema, and limited mobility. For this reason, fostering adapted physical activity (APA) and healthy lifestyle (including a balanced diet and weight management) should become an everyday purpose of healthcare professionals. Fencing may be a well-suited activity to counteract fatigue, pain, and limited arm mobility.Method and analysisThe FENICE study is a mono-center, randomized clinical trial targeting women with BC stages I-III within four weeks from BC surgery. Participants in the control arm will receive the usual recommendations based on the good clinical practice guidelines. In the study arm, participants will be treated with the usual clinical and therapeutic recommendations together with APA and correct lifestyle suggestions.ObjectiveThe primary objective of the study is to compare whether implementation of APA and healthy lifestyle in BC patient after surgery will result in an overall improvement of physical and mental status.ConclusionFencing and its early application in postoperative period may represent a feasible strategy to be implemented in the rehabilitation journey of BC patients.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol FENICE has been approved by an Italian Ethics Committee on May 2023 (R.S 100.23 5th May 2023).
Kojic acid reverses LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Ali Waqar , Choe Kyonghwan , Park Jun Sung , Ahmad Riaz , Park Hyun Young , Kang Min Hwa , Park Tae Ju , Kim Myeong Ok 
Published: August 2024

Intense neuroinflammation contributes to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are an integral part of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria that act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and potentially activate the central nervous system’s (CNS) immune system. Microglial cells are the local macrophages of the CNS and have the potential to induce and control neuroinflammation. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of kojic acid against the toxic effects of LPSs, such as neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. The C57BL/6N mice were subjected to LPS injection for 2 weeks on alternate days (each mouse received 0.25 mg/kg/i.p. for a total of seven doses), and kojic acid was administered orally for 3 weeks consecutively (50 mg/kg/mouse, p. o). Bacterial endotoxins, or LPSs, are directly attached to TLR4 surface receptors of microglia and astrocytes and alter the cellular metabolism of immune cells. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS triggers the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phospho-nuclear factor kappa B (p-NFκB), and phospho-c-Jun n-terminal kinase (p-JNK) protein expressions in the LPS-treated group, but these expression levels were significantly downregulated in the LPS + KA-treated mice brains. Prolong neuroinflammation leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) followed by a decrease in nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the enzyme hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in LPS-subjected mouse brains. Interestingly, the levels of both Nrf-2 and HO-1 increased in the LPS + KA-treated mice group. In addition, kojic acid inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β production in mouse brains. These results indicated that kojic acid may suppress LPS-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in male wild-type mice brains (in both the cortex and the hippocampus) by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Assessing the impact of vaccination and medical resource allocation on infectious disease outbreak management: a case study of COVID-19 in Taiyuan City
Authors: Guo Jiaming , Luo Yuxin , Ma Yifei , Xu Shujun , Li Jiantao , Wang Tong , Lei Lijian , He Lu , Yu Hongmei , Xie Jun 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAmidst an emerging infectious disease outbreak, the rational allocation of vaccines and medical resources is crucial for controlling the epidemic’s progression.MethodAnalysing COVID-19 data in Taiyuan City from December 2022 to January 2023, this study constructed a SV1V2V3EIQHR dynamics model to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination and resource allocation on epidemic trends.ResultsVaccination significantly reduces infection rates, hospitalisations, and severe cases, while also curtailing strain on medical resources by reducing congestion periods. An early and sufficient reserve of medical resources can delay the onset of medical congestion, and with increased maximum capacity of medical resources, the congestion’s end can be accelerated. Stronger resource allocation capabilities lead to earlier congestion resolution within a fixed total resource pool.DiscussionIntegrating vaccination and medical resource allocation can effectively reduce medical congestion duration and alleviate the epidemic’s strain on medical resource capacity (CCMR).
Using synthetic dataset for semantic segmentation of the human body in the problem of extracting anthropometric data
Authors: Absadyk Azat , Turar Olzhas , Akhmed-Zaki Darkhan 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for accurate virtual sizing in e-commerce to reduce returns and waste. Existing methods for extracting anthropometric data from images have limitations. This study aims to develop a semantic segmentation model trained on synthetic data that can accurately determine body shape from real images, accounting for clothing.MethodsA synthetic dataset of over 22,000 images was created using NVIDIA Omniverse Replicator, featuring human models in various poses, clothing, and environments. Popular CNN architectures (U-Net, SegNet, DeepLabV3, PSPNet) with different backbones were trained on this dataset for semantic segmentation. Models were evaluated on accuracy, precision, recall, and IoU metrics. The best performing model was tested on real human subjects and compared to actual measurements.ResultsU-Net with EfficientNet backbone showed the best performance, with 99.83% training accuracy and 0.977 IoU score. When tested on real images, it accurately segmented body shape while accounting for clothing. Comparison with actual measurements on 9 subjects showed average deviations of −0.24 cm for neck, −0.1 cm for shoulder, 1.15 cm for chest, −0.22 cm for thallium, and 0.17 cm for hip measurements.DiscussionThe synthetic dataset and trained models enable accurate extraction of anthropometric data from real images while accounting for clothing. This approach has significant potential for improving virtual fitting and reducing returns in e-commerce. Future work will focus on refining the algorithm, particularly for thallium and hip measurements which showed higher variability.
DÖYÜŞ TRAVMASI NƏTİCƏSİNDƏ QARIN BOŞLUĞU ORQANLARININ ZƏDƏLƏNMƏSİNİN DİAQNOSTİKASINDA ULTRASƏS, RENTGENOQRAFİYA VƏ KOMPÜTER TOMOQRAFİYASININ NƏTİCƏLƏRİNİN MÜQAYİSƏSİ
Authors: Kulikova F.I. , Tanasichuk-Gazhieva N.V. , Nehoduiko V.V. , Makarov V.V. , Kyrychenko A.G. , Tomakh N.V. , Leshcheva T.V. , Zavizion V.F. 
Published: August 2024

The article compared the results of radiography, ultrasonography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of abdominal organ injuries in 63 patients during combat operations. A total of 107 injuries were recorded. Damage to the stomach was noted in 13 cases, small intestine - in 39, colon - in 26, liver – in 13, pancreas – in 3 and spleen – in 12 cases. Pneumoperitoneum was diagnosed by radiography in 29 (93.5±4.4%), ultrasonography – in 27 (87.1±6.0%), CT – in 30 (96.8±3.2%) cases, respectively. Hemoperitoneum was diagnosed in 21 (45.7±7.3%), 31 (67.4±6.9%) and 43 (93.5±4.4%) cases, respectively. A statistically significant difference was obtained between the results of ultrasound and CT (P<0.01), ultrasound and radiography (P<0.01), CT and radiography (P<0.001).
Məqalədə döyüş əməliyyatları zamanı qarın orqanlarının zədələnməsinin diaqnostikasında rentgenoqrafiyanın, ultrasəs müayinəsinin və kompüter tomoqrafiyasının nəticələri müqayisə edilib. Tədqiqata 63 xəstə cəlb edilmiş və ümumilikdə 107 zədələnmə qeydə alınmışdır. 13 xəstədə mədə, 39 nəfərdə nazik bağırsaq, 26 yaralıda yoğun bağırsaq, 13 nəfərdə qaraciyər, 3 xəstədə mədəaltı vəzi və 12 halda dalaq zədələnməsi qeydə alınıb. 29 (93,5±4,4%) halda rentgenoqrafiya, 27 (87,1±6,0%) ultrasəs müayinəsi, 30 (96,8±3,2%) halda KT müayinəsi zamanı pnevmoperitonium müəyyən edilib. Müvafiq olaraq 21 (45,7±7,3%), 31 (67,4±6,9%) və 43 (93,5±4,4%) xəstədə hemoperitoneum diaqnozu qoyulub. Ultrasəs və KT-nin (p<0,01), ultrasəs və rentgenoqrafiyanın (p<0,01), KT və rentgenoqrafiyanın (p<0,001) arasında statistik əhəmiyyətli fərqlər alınıb.
В статье представлены сведения об исследовании, проведенного с целью сопоставления результатов рентгенографии, ультрасонографии и компьютерной томографии в диагностике повреждений абдоминальных органов у 63 пациентов во время боевых действий. Всего регистрировалось 107 повреждений. Повреждения желудка отмечалось в 13 случаев, тонкой кишки – в в 39, толстой кишки – в 26б печени – в 13, поджелудочной железы – в 3 и селезенки – в 12 случаев, соответственно. Пневмоперитонеум при рентгенографии диагностирован в 29 (93,5±4,4%), ультрасонографии – в 27 (87,1±6,0%), КТ – в 30 (96,8±3,2%) случаев, соответственно. Гемоперитонеум был диагностирован в 21 (45,7± 7,3%), 31 (67,4±6,9%) и в 43 (93,5±4,4%) случаев, соответственно. Было выявлено статистически достоверное различие между результатами ультрасонографии и КТ (P<0,01), ультрасонографии и рентгенографии (P<0,01), а также КТ и рентгенографии (P<0,001).
Scintillator application of CsPbBr3 quantum dots-embedded SiO2 glasses
Authors: Kato Takumi , Shiratori Daiki , Watanabe Akito , Fujimoto Yutaka , Asai Keisuke , Nishikawa Akihiro , Okazaki Kai , Nakauchi Daisuke , Kawaguchi Noriaki , Yanagida Takayuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
CsPbBr3 quantum dots-embedded SiO2 glasses were synthesized by the spark plasma sintering method as novel scintillators for γ-ray detectors. Their optical and scintillation properties were investigated to examine the scintillation performance. The X-ray diffraction patterns observed a halo peak of the SiO2 glass phase and diffraction peaks of CsPbBr3. An emission peak due to CsPbBr3 quantum dots was detected at around 515 nm in both photoluminescence (PL) and scintillation spectra. The PL and scintillation decay time curves included a component of nanosecond order, resulting from CsPbBr3 quantum dots. Under γ-ray irradiation from 137Cs, the light yield (LY) of the 0.2% CsPbBr3-embedded SiO2 glass was 150 photons MeV−1.
Pengaruh pH dan Konsentrasi Terhadap Enkapsulasi Metformin HCl pada Monmorillonit Teraktivasi Asam Sitrat
Authors: Sitanggang Katrin Walensky , Suarya Putu , Simpen I Nengah , Adhi Putra I Made Wisnu 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRAKMonmorillonit telah banyak digunakan sebagai pembawa beberapa jenis obat. Dalam penelitian ini, metformin HCl dienkapsulasi pada monmorillonit alam pada pH yang berbedabeda(3 – 10) dan konsentrasi larutan metformin HCl yang bervariasi (50 – 500 mg/L). Sebelumenkapsulasi, monmorillonit alam diaktivasi terlebih dahulu menggunakan asam sitrat 1 N. Spektrofotometer FTIR, diffraktometer sinar-X, and N Sorption Analyzer digunakan untukmengkarakterisasi material hasil aktivasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah metformin HClyang terenkapsulasi secara maksimum terjadi pada pH 7. Uji pengaruh konsentrasi larutan awalmenunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi larutan, semakin banyak metformin HCl yangterenkapsulasi pada monmorillonit teraktivasi. Jumlah maksimum metformin HCl yangterenkapsulasi teramati pada konsentrasi larutan 500 mg/L. Luas permukaan dan volume porimonmorillonit alam ditemukan menurun setelah aktivasi menggunakan asam sitrat. Analisis 2menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan pergeseran puncak-puncak serapan monmorillonit setelahaktivasi dengan asam sitrat. Pergeseran puncak difraksi tidak teramati pada pola difraksi sinar-Xyang mengindikasikan kristalinitas monmorillonit tetap terjaga meskipun setelah diaktivasidengan asam sitrat.Kata kunci: monmorillonit, metformin HCl, pH, konsentrasi awal, enkapsulasi, sistem penghantar obat ABSTRACTMontmorillonite has been widely used as a carrier of several drugs. In this research, metformin HCl was encapsulated on natural monmorillonite on various pH (3 – 10) andconcentration of metformin HCl (50-500 mg/l). Natural montmorillonite was activated by citricacid 1 N prior to encapsulation process. FTIR Spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer, and NSorption Analyzer were used to characterize the materials. The results showed that the highestamount of metformin HCl encapsulated on natural monmorillonite was occurred at pH of 7. Theeffect of initial concentration showed that the higher the concentration of metformin HCl, the greater the amount of drugs encapsulated on activated monmorillonite. The maximum amount of drug encapsulated was occurred at initial concentration of 500 mg/L. The surface area andpore volume of natural monmorillonite were found to be decrease after activation using citricacid. Analysis using FTIR confirmed the dislocation of absorption peaks after activation withcitric acid. However, the dislocation of diffraction peaks are not observed in XRD pattern,indicated the there were no changes in the crystallinity of monmorillonit after activation. Key words: monmorillonite, metformin HCl, pH, initial concentration, encapsulation, drug delivery system.