bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Young: Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors and Prognosis
Authors: Esteban Marcos R , Montero Sara M , Sánchez José J. A , Hernández Horacio P , Pérez José J. G , Afonso Julio H , Pérez del C. R , Díaz Buenaventura B , de León Antonio C 
Published: August 2014

Background: To describe the characteristics of patients ≤40 years of age hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome, analyze the risk factors and identify the variables associated with prognosis.

Methods: Case series of patients admitted between 2003 and 2012 inclusive in a tertiary hospital (123 consecutive cases admitted between 2003 and 2012), and case-control study (369 controls selected from the general population matched for sex and age with cases, at a ratio of 3:1). Outcome variables: Mortality, likelihood of survival without readmission for heart-related problems, extent of coronary disease as determined by coronary angiography and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results: Mean age was 35.4±4.8 years and 83.7% of the participants were men. Myocardial infarction with abnormal Q wave (48%) and single-vessel involvement (44.7%) predominated. Intrahospital mortality was 1.6%. For the 108 patients eventually included in the follow-up, likelihood of readmission-free survival after 60 months was 69.3±4.8%. In the case group 36% of the patients admitted to using cocaine. Compared to controls, the prevalence in patients was higher for smoking (74.8 vs 33.1%, p<0001), diabetes (14.6% vs 5.1%, p=0.001), low HDL-cholesterol (82.9 vs 34.1%, p<0.001) and obesity (30.0 vs 20.3%, p=0.029). Decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (odds ratio=2.2, p=0.033) and smoking (odds ratio=7.8, p=0.045) were associated with readmission for coronary syndrome.

Conclusion: Acute coronary syndrome in people younger than 40 years is associated with diabetes and unhealthy lifestyle: smoking, sedentary behavior (low HDL-cholesterol), cocaine use and obesity. The readmission rate is high, and readmission is associated with smoking and decreased ejection fraction.
Evaluating the Role of Perceived Stress on the Likelihood of Having a Non - Fatal Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Katsarou Alexia , Triposkiadis Filippos , Skoularigis John , Griva Emmanuela , Neroutsos George , Karayannis Georgios , Papageorgiou Charalabos , Panagiotakos Demosthenes 
Published: August 2014

Objectives:
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the independent role of perceived stress, measured by the PSS-14, on the likelihood of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Conclusion:
This is a case-control study with individual matching by age and sex. During 2010-2012, 250 consecutive patients (60±11 years, 78% men) with a first ACS and 250 population-based, control subjects (60±8.6 years, 77.6% men), were enrolled. Perceived stress levels were evaluated with the PSS-14 scale, depression status was assessed with the Zung Depression Rating Scale, anxiety status with the STAI scale and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by the MedDietScore.

Conclusion:
Higher perceived stress was associated with increased likelihood of having an ACS, after adjusting for various factors (OR=1.15, %CI 1.11, 1.18). STAI and ZUNG scale were positively associated with the likelihood of having an ACS (OR: 1.27 %CI 1.20-1.34, p<0.001 and OR: 1.49 %CI 1.36-1.63, p<0.001 respectively). Stratified analysis by sex showed a greater impact of perceived stress in men, compared with women (Wald test value 45.65 vs 18.56, respectively). When stratifying by depression levels, the effect of perceived stress on ACS was not significant among depressed individuals. When stratifying by level of anxiety, higher odds of having an ACS was found in the low anxiety group (OR: 1.129, %CI 1.047-1.218).

Conclusion:
Perceived stress appears as an independent ACS risk factor, although no causal relationship can be extracted due to the nature of the study. Early recognition and treatment of perceived stress may lead to ACS risk reduction.
Influence of pH on the Effectiveness of Hydrogen Peroxide Whitening
Authors: Torres CRG , Crastechini E , Feitosa FA , Pucci CR , Borges AB 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARY

Objective
To evaluate the influence of pH on the bleaching effect of hydrogen peroxide on chromogen agents.

Method
Hydrogen peroxide 50% was mixed with red wine or with an alcoholic solution of tobacco in glass cuvettes, resulting in final peroxide concentrations of 16.97% and 21.12%, respectively. The pH of this mixture was measured and adjusted with 3.3 M HCl solution or 2.5 M NaOH solution to obtain the final pH values of 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0. After mixing, the color of these solutions was evaluated in a reflectance spectrophotometer; readings were repeated after 10 minutes for the wine solution and 20 minutes for the tobacco solution. Ten samples were prepared for each solution at each pH. Color changes (Delta E) were calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance one-way and Tukey tests, with a significance level of 5%.

Results
There were significant differences among the different pH values for the wine and tobacco solutions (p=0.0001). The Tukey test showed that for both solutions, pH 9.0 resulted in a significantly greater bleaching effect than the other values tested.

Conclusion
The efficacy of hydrogen peroxide bleaching is directly proportional to the increase in its pH.
Effect of Cleansing Methods on Saliva-Contaminated Zirconia—An Evaluation of Resin Bond Durability
Authors: Feitosa SA , Patel D , Borges ALS , Alshehri EZ , Bottino MA , Özcan M , Valandro LF , Bottino MC 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARY
The aims of this study were to investigate 1) the influence of cleansing methods after saliva contamination and 2) aging conditions (thermocycling and water storage) on zirconia shear bond strength (SBS) with a resin cement. One hundred and eighty zirconia specimens were sandblasted with 50 μm aluminum oxide particles, immersed in saliva for one minute (with the exception of the control group, [C]), and divided into groups according to the cleansing method, as follows: water rinse (W); 37% phosphoric acid gel (PA); cleaning paste (ie, Ivoclean®) containing mainly zirconium oxide (IC); and 70% isopropanol (AL). Scanning electron microscopy was done to qualitatively evaluate the zirconia surface after each cleansing method. For the SBS test, resin cement buttons were bonded to the specimens using a dedicated jig. SBS was evaluated according to standard protocols after 24 hours, 5000 thermal cycles (TC), or 150 days of water storage. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (p&lt;0.05). Data showed a significant effect for the 150 days of water storage, TC, and 24 hours of water storage (150 days &lt; TC &lt; 24 hours). Group comparisons showed that PA &lt; AL and W &lt; IC and C. SBS ranged from 10.4 to 21.9 MPa (24 hours), from 6.4 to 14.8 MPa (TC), and from 2.9 to 7.0 MPa (150 days). Failure analysis revealed a greater percentage of mixed failures for the majority of the specimens and a smaller percentage of adhesive failures at the ceramic-resin cement interface. Our findings suggest that Ivoclean® was able to maintain adequate SBS values after TC and 150 days of storage, comparable to the uncontaminated zirconia.
Efficiency of Dual-Cured Resin Cement Polymerization Induced by High-Intensity LED Curing Units Through Ceramic Material
Authors: Watanabe H , Kazama Re , Asai T , Kanaya F , Ishizaki H , Fukushima M , Okiji T 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARY

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the ability of high-intensity light-emitting diode (LED) and other curing units to cure dual-cured resin cement through ceramic material.

Methods
A halogen curing unit (Jetlite 3000, Morita), a second-generation LED curing unit (Demi, Kerr), and two high-intensity LED curing units (PenCure 2000, Morita; Valo, Ultradent) were tested. Feldspathic ceramic plates (VITABLOCS Mark II, A3; Vita Zahnfabrik) with thicknesses of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mm were prepared. Dual-cured resin cement samples (Clearfil Esthetic Cement, Kuraray Noritake Dental) were irradiated directly or through one of the ceramic plates for different periods (5, 10, 15, or 20 seconds for the high-intensity LED units and 20, 40, 60, or 80 seconds for the others). The Knoop hardness test was used to determine the level of photopolymerization that had been induced in the resin cement. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Dunnett's post-hoc test to identify test-control (maximum irradiation without a ceramic plate) differences for each curing unit (p&lt;0.05).

Results
For all curing units, the curing conditions had a statistically significant effect on the Knoop hardness numbers (KHNs) of the irradiated cement samples (p&lt;0.001). In general, the KHN decreased with increasing plate thickness and increased as the irradiation period was extended. Jetlite 3000 achieved control-level KHN values only when the plate thickness was 1.0 mm. At a plate thickness ≥2.0 mm, the LED units (except for PenCure 2000 at 3.0 mm) were able to achieve control-level KHN values when the irradiation time was extended. At a plate thickness of 3.0 mm, irradiation for 20 seconds with the Valo or for 80 seconds with the Demi were the only methods that produced KHN values equivalent to those produced by direct irradiation.

Conclusion
Regardless of the type of curing unit used, indirect irradiation of dual-cured resin cement through a ceramic plate resulted in decreased KHN values compared with direct irradiation. When the irradiation period was extended, only the LED units were able to achieve similar KHN values to those observed under direct irradiation in the presence of plates ≥2.0-mm thick. High-intensity LED units require a shorter irradiation period than halogen and second-generation LED curing units to obtain KHN values similar to those observed during direct irradiation.
Barriers for Eco-Innovations: A Case Study of a Small Firm in Poland
Authors: Jasiński Andrzej H. , Tużnik Filip 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper is mainly based on a case study of Tuzal Ltd. - a small firm acting in the eco-innovation market in Poland. The main aim of the paper is to analyze main barriers which are being met by enterprises, especially small firms, acting in the eco-innovation market. The following barriers are analysed: problems in convincing customers to innovative solutions; a specific nature of cooperation with local administration units; continuous changes in legal regulations; an increasing market competition; a lack of funds for marketing; a generation gap and a retirement age of the company’s owner.
Innovation Process Planning Model in the Bpmn Standard
Authors: Jurczyk-Bunkowska Magdalena 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The aim of the article is to show the relations in the innovation process planning model. The relations argued here guarantee the stable and reliable way to achieve the result in the form of an increased competitiveness by a professionally directed development of the company. The manager needs to specify the effect while initiating the realisation of the process, has to be achieved this by the system of indirect goals. The original model proposed here shows the standard of dependence between the plans of the fragments of the innovation process which make up for achieving its final goal. The relation in the present article was shown by using the standard Business Process Model and Notation. This enabled the specification of interrelations between the decision levels at which subsequent fragments of the innovation process are planned. This gives the possibility of a better coordination of the process, reducing the time needed for the achievement of its effect. The model has been compiled on the basis of the practises followed in Polish companies. It is not, however, the reflection of these practises, but rather an idealised standard of proceedings which aims at improving the effectiveness of the management of innovations on the operational level. The model shown could be the basis of the creation of systems supporting the decision making, supporting the knowledge management or those supporting the communication in the innovation processes.
Developing a New Project Evaluation Systems Based on Knowledge
Authors: Grzeszczyk Tadeusz A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The article is dedicated to the modelling of a new project evaluation systems based on knowledge. Author suggests possible direction of project evaluation systems development. This enabled the application of data mining algorithms for discovering patterns in data sets. The concept of a new evaluation system based on knowledge is synthetically discussed. The example of using association rule base for analysis of project stakeholders surveys is also presented.
Usefulness of Software Valuation Methods at Initial Stages of ERP Implementation
Authors: Plecka Przemyslaw , Bzdyra Krzysztof 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This work discusses the problem of selecting methods for valuing the costs and estimating the time of implementing computer systems in cases when system modification is necessary. The methods presented in literature are reviewed and the stages of strategic phase of implementation characterised. On the basis of the analysis of data required by each method and the data obtained at different stages, appropriate selection of methods for each stage was proposed.
V.A. Gorbatov Theory of Characterization - Principles and Examples
Authors: Krupa Tadeusz 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Characterization theory was developed in the 1970s by a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a prominent cybernetics V.A. Gorbatov, and became the nucleus of an international school. Many of today’s academy graduates make a new generation of scholars, more than 150 doctors and assistant professors, developing a new descriptive theory of cybernetic complex systems, based on the canon of the so-called characterization principle, binding the sets of y¥a functioning models and x¥bstructure models using the paradigm of monotone mappings of the considered system. This article presents an overview of the following problems: (1) the issues of functional-structural connection systems from the point of view of their design correctness; (2) the basic postulates of the characterization principle; (3) the nature of interaction between system objects; (4 and 5) mechanisms and functions for initiation of the operation; (6) the mechanisms of control and reaction functions; (7 and 8) the analytical form of initiation function and a network initialization function and (9) the axiom of extensionality (J), feasibility (R) and compatibility (Z).
Post-Crisis Potential Output in the Western Balkans
Authors: Čaršimamović Vukotić Naida , Jankulov Suljagić Irena , Smirnov Irina 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Spurred by the recent global economic crisis, there has been a resurgence of research on output gaps. As the crisis caused a decline in potential GDP due to a strong contraction in demand, it is expected that the recovery of potential output will be especially difficult in demand-driven small open economies, such as the Western Balkan countries, where recovery will strongly depend on global international trade recovery. The purpose of this research is to calculate and compare pre and post-crisis potential GDPs and GDP gaps for the Western Balkan countries. The symmetric filter method developed by Hodrick and Prescott is used to de-trend GDP time series data by decomposing it into growth and cyclical components. The results point to a strong decrease in potential output growth compared to the pre-crisis potential output growth of the Western Balkans.
First Proposal Of Seed Regions For Frankincense Trees (Boswellia Spp.) On Socotra Island
Authors: Smuel Lvončík , Petr Maděra , Daniel Volařík , Boris Vrškový , Hana Habrová 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The landscape differentiation on seed regions is used in the Czech forestry industry for purposes of seed transfers. The seed regions are created for main commercial tree species and the rules for transfer among these regions are described. The geobiocoenological landscape differentiation and differences among tree species populations were used as main approaches. The same principle is used for Boswellia seed regions differentiation on Socotra island. Eight species of Boswellia genus were determined on the island, all species being endemic. The differentiation is based on Boswellia populations field survey. All populations were described in morphological signs. The vegetation zones and geomorphological differentiation were also taken into account. The result is a map of seed regions for every Boswellia species on Socotra island presented in the article.
Concurrent and Co-Located Early Intervention for Concussion and Acute Stress Reaction
Authors: Patterson Thomas J. , Brennan Michael B. , Schobitz Richard P. 
Published: August 2014

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Understand the definition of mild traumatic brain injury (concussion) and identify symptoms of this condition.

2.
Review the definition of acute stress reaction and understand how it is similar to and different from post-traumatic stress disorder.

3.
Discuss the principles of combat and operational stress control and psychological first aid as they relate to the early intervention for concussion and acute stress reaction.

Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs), or concussions, along with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), have become the “signature” wounds of recent and ongoing combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Media coverage of the dangers of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and PTSD in the military has increased public awareness of both concussions and stress responses. Blast-related injuries, including IEDs, accounted for 72% to 79% of reported concussions in a study of more than 2,500 US Army soldiers.
1
Additionally, stress associated with deployments, including exposure to life-threatening situations, the psychological cost of killing, family separation, and environmental stress associated with living and working in an austere environment, has led to increased prevalence and awareness of stress-related conditions ranging from acute stress reaction (ASR) to PTSD.
2,3
Neurosensory Sequelae of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hoffer Michael E. , Balaban Carey , Nicholas Rena , Marcus Dawn , Murphy Sara , Gottshall Kim 
Published: August 2014

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Understand the pathophysiology of neurosensory sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury.

2.
Understand treatment options for the neurosensory sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury.

3.
Understand the interactions of neurosensory sequelae in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.

Historically, research to explore traumatic brain injury (TBI) has focused on blunt head trauma, particularly as associated with severe consequences. In this injury pattern, treatment focuses on initial life-saving measurements, intensive care in the hospital, and rehabilitating activities of daily living.
1,2
Far less attention has been focused on mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
Future Directions of Deep Brain Stimulation: Current Disorders, New Technologies
Authors: Arulpragasam Amanda R. , Chou Tina , Kaur Navneet , Corse Andrew K. , Deckersbach Thilo , Camprodon Joan A. 
Published: August 2014

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Discuss current goals of translational and clinical research in deep brain stimulation (DBS).

2.
Identify the clinical disorders currently being explored as new potential targets for DBS.

3.
Understand in a clinically relevant manner the methodologic improvements currently in development for DBS.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical neuromodulation therapy with several neuropsychiatric applications. The US Food and Drug Administration approved its use in the United States for the treatment of refractory essential tremor (approved in 1997), idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (thalamic stimulation approved in 1997 and subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus pars interna stimulation in 2002), dystonia (2003), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; 2009).
1,2
The last two disorders were approved under a humanitarian device exception.
A 51-Year-Old Man with Bipolar Disorder, HIV, Fatigue, Hypersomnolence, and Increased Appetite
Authors: Alexeenko Lada , Patel Alkesh N. , Ungar Allison K. 
Published: August 2014

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Recognize the clinical presentation of methamphetamine intoxication and withdrawal.

2.
Understand the complexity of urine toxicology interpretation in stimulant-use disorders.

3.
Identify the possible pharmacologic and behavioral treatment options for methamphetamine-use disorder.

A 51-year-old, HIV-positive, white, unemployed man with a history significant for bipolar disorder and methamphetamine addiction was referred by his primary care physician for the management of fatigue. The patient reported feeling tired, unable to perform his activities of daily living, and depressed in the context of these limitations. He also reported hypersomnolence and an increased appetite.
A 25-Year-Old Man with HIV, Major Depression, Methamphetamine Use, and Unsafe Sex Practices
Authors: Jerome Roy C. , Cooper-Serber Emma , Rodriguez-Caprio Gabriela , Patel Alkesh N. 
Published: August 2014

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Identify the clinical implications for using a multidisciplinary approach in treating methamphetamine addiction.

2.
Outline an integrated treatment model for treating HIV, psychiatric comorbidity, and methamphetamine addiction.

3.
Understand the mechanism of action of methamphetamine and the impact chronic use can have on cognition and mood.

The patient is a 25-year-old, gay-identified, HIV-positive, white man with a history of major depression and methamphetamine addiction. The patient had a history of sexually transmitted infections acquired during unprotected sex while on methamphetamine and became HIV-positive at age 21 years from unprotected sex. He began receiving medical, psychiatric, psychological, and social work services within a primary care clinic for HIV-positive individuals at age 24 years. The patient grew up in a small family in the southern United States. His parents divorced when he was 15 years old. He attended a boarding school for the arts and lived with his father and brother during the summer. During his senior year, he began to experience depression and overwhelming stress associated with academic demands. As a result, he left boarding school and lived with his mother while finishing his senior year from home. The patient described his “coming out” experiences as relatively uneventful, as he had the support of his family and artistic friends.
Schizophrenia with Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Clinical and Conceptual Issues
Authors: Kim Sung-Wan , Lindenmayer Jean-Pierre , Hwang Michael Y. 
Published: August 2014

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Develop familiarity with the diverse pathogeneses and subtyping strategies in obsessive-compulsive schizophrenia and examine their corresponding treatment options.

2.
Consider the use of adjunctive cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in clinically stable patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

3.
Incorporate knowledge of the patient’s clinical history, pathogenesis and pharmaco-behavioral therapy in the development of individualized treatment strategies.

Since its debut in the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
fourth edition, text revision (
DSM-IV-TR
), the recognition of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as a comorbidity in schizophrenia has steadily increased to an estimated rate of 12% to 23% from less than 5% in the early 20th century.
1–3
Evidence also suggests that the rates of OCD or obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) vary according to the stage of psychotic illness and are perhaps more prevalent in those at high risk of developing schizophrenia.
2