bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal differentiation between truncus arteriosus (Types II and III) and pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect
Authors: Traisrisilp K. , Tongprasert F. , Srisupundit K. , Luewan S. , Sukpan K. , Tongsong T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe antenatal sonographic signs that help in the differentiation of truncus arteriosus Types II and III (TA‐II/III) from pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA‐VSD).MethodsFrom a database of fetal echocardiographic examinations, we identified fetuses with sonographic features of a single great artery with VSD and relatively normal four‐chamber view. Records were reviewed, comparing fetuses with TA‐II/III and those with PA‐VSD, with particular focus on: 1) characteristics of the overriding vessel, 2) appearance of the semilunar valves, 3) competence of the semilunar valves, 4) presence of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCA), 5) main pulmonary artery being without antegrade flow, 6) site of arterial branching from the great artery and 7) other minor features, such as cardiac axis or associated anomalies.ResultsSeventeen fetuses were identified, eight with TA‐II/III and nine with PA‐VSD. Among the eight fetuses with TA‐II/III, seven had abnormal valves and six had valve regurgitation, compared with none of the nine PA‐VSD fetuses. Five TA‐II/III fetuses had early branching to supply the lungs, whereas most fetuses with PA‐VSD had more distal branching. Notably, in six of the TA‐II/III fetuses, the root of the single great artery originated predominantly from the right ventricle, while all but one of the PA‐VSD fetuses had typical equal overriding of the VSD. The main pulmonary artery was without antegrade flow in two cases with PA‐VSD. Finally, four cases with PA‐VSD had MAPCA, in two of which this was identified prenatally.ConclusionIdentification of abnormal arterial valves or valve regurgitation, site of origin of branching, presence of overriding of the great artery, a main pulmonary artery without antegrade flow and MAPCA are helpful in differentiating between TA‐II/III and PA‐VSD. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Governance issues in developing and implementing offsets for water management benefits: Can preliminary evaluation guide implementation effectiveness?
Authors: Feldman David L. , Sengupta Ashmita , Stuvick Lindsey , Stein Eric , Pettigrove Vin , Arora Meenakshi 
Published: January 2015

This article explores governance issues in developing innovative pollutant offset programs by focusing on a case study being piloted at the Gisborne Recycled Water Plant in Jackson Creek, a rural subcatchment of the Maribyrnong River north of Melbourne, Australia. The article offers preliminary lessons from the ongoing design and anticipated challenges facing this innovative program based on reflections from the literature and project progress to‐date. This case exemplifies a form of adaptive governance—an approach well suited to achieving broad sustainability objectives—and for which an early assessment is both appropriate and opportune. Adaptive governance is characterized by governmental collaboration with civil society groups, social learning through public participation, and experimentation leading to more flexible policy outcomes. Early assessment affords the possibility of midcourse corrections, drawing on experience acquired elsewhere. We contend that the approach being developed in Victoria through this pilot program has implications beyond the use of recycled wastewater for achieving various social objectives. It may also contribute to the development of an expansive water quality offset framework applicable to point source discharges, nonpoint source pollution, and sewerage overspills. Moreover, the approach can be applied to design of offset systems elsewhere—with appropriate economic savings and effective application to multiple water quality challenges if potential problems are discerned early. WIREs Water 2015, 2:121–130. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1061This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
Association of Researcher Characteristics with Views on Return of Incidental Findings from Genomic Research
Authors: Wynn Julia , Martinez Josue , Duong Jimmy , Zhang Yuan , Phelan Jo , Fyer Abby , Klitzman Robert , Appelbaum Paul S. , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWhole exome/ genome sequencing (WES/WGS) is now commonly used in research and is increasingly used in clinical care to identify the genetic basis of rare and unknown diseases. The management of incidental findings (IFs) generated through these analyses is debated within the research community. To examine how views regarding genomic research IFs are associated with researcher characteristics and experiences, we surveyed genetic professionals and assessed the effect of professional background and experience on their opinions. Researchers who did not have clinical training, provide clinical care to research participants, or have prior experience returning research results were in general more inclined to offer return of IFs than their colleagues with these characteristics. Understanding this will be important to fully appreciate the impact that policies on return of genetic IFs could have on participants, researchers, and genomic research.
Sphingolipid metabolism in colorectal adenomas varies depending on histological architecture of polyps and grade of nuclear dysplasia
Authors: Kurek Krzysztof , Łukaszuk Bartłomiej , Świdnicka‐Siergiejko Agnieszka , Rogalski Paweł , Wróblewski Eugeniusz , Chabowski Adrian , Dąbrowski Andrzej , Żendzian‐Piotrowska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIncidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is growing worldwide. Pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for its onset and progression need further clarification. Colorectal adenomatous polyps are precancerous lesions with malignant potential dependent on histological architecture and grade of nuclear dysplasia. One of the factors conditioning CRC development are abnormalities in sphingolipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of sphingolipids in human colorectal adenomas. The control group (C, n = 12) consisted of patients with no colonic polyps. The examined group consisted of patients with prior diagnosed colonic polyps, qualified to endoscopic polypectomy. This group was further divided due to histological architecture into tubular adenomas group (TA, n = 10), tubulovillous adenomas with low‐grade dysplasia (LGD‐TVA, n = 10), and tubulovillous adenomas group with high‐grade dysplasia (HGD‐TVA, n = 11). In tissue samples, sphingolipd metabolite contents were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In cases of polypoid lesions with low malignancy potential (tubular adenomas), concentration of ceramide, which is characterized by proapoptotic and anti‐proliferative properties, increases compared with control group (p < 0.05), whereas content of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate with anti‐apoptotic and stimulating cellular proliferation properties is reduced in comparison with control group (p < 0.05). On the contrary, in cases of more advanced form of adenomatous polyps (tubulovillous adenomas with high‐grade dysplasia), the ceramide level decreases compared with control group (p < 0.05) while sphingosine‐1‐phosphate concentration is elevated (p < 0.05). We found that concentrations of pro‐apoptotic ceramide are decreased and pro‐proliferative S1P levels are increased in polypoid lesions with high malignancy potential, and it was the opposite in those with low malignancy potential.
Enrichment of Lysophosphatidylcholine in Canola Lysolecithin
Authors: Xie Meizhen , Dunford Nurhan Turgut 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) possesses excellent oil‐in‐water emulsifying properties and health benefits. The objective of this study was to produce an LPC‐enriched fraction from lysolecithin generated during enzymatic degumming of crude canola oil. Three alcohols (methanol, ethanol and isopropanol) were evaluated for their effectiveness at enriching LPC. A 3 × 3 full factorial design was employed to study the effects of two processing parameters (temperature and alcohol/lysolecithin ratio) on three responses (yield and LPC concentration of alcohol soluble fraction, and LPC recovery) with the most effective alcohol. Ethanol was found to be the best solvent to enrich LPC in lysolecithin. An ethanol soluble fraction with more than 50 % LPC was produced. Quadratic models with R2 > 0.9 were developed to describe the relationship between the processing parameters and the responses in the 3 × 3 full factorial experiment. Both ethanol soluble fraction yield and LPC recovery increased with increasing temperature and ethanol/lysolecithin ratio. LPC concentration in the ethanol soluble fraction was enhanced with decreasing temperature and ethanol/lysolecithin ratio. According to the analysis, ethanol soluble fractions with LPC concentration higher than 66 % could be obtained at temperatures of 0–40 °C and an ethanol/lysolecithin ratio of 2:1 (v/w).
Service use patterns and mental health symptoms among adolescents exposed to multiple types of trauma
Authors: McChesney Gillian C. , Adamson Gary , Shevlin Mark 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTFew studies have explored how different trauma experiences influence service use. This study explores patterns of service use amongst 6483 adolescents aged between 13 and 18, and examines if such patterns are associated with trauma profiles, demographic variables, and mental health disorders. Data from the National Comorbidity Survey – Adolescent Supplement (NCS‐A) were used. A latent class analysis identified four adolescent trauma sub‐groups: ‘high risk’, ‘sexual risk’ ‘non‐sexual risk’, and ‘low risk’. Regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between service use, trauma classes, and mental health outcomes. Significant relationships were found between service use, trauma sub‐groups, demographics and mental health outcomes. Despite the effectiveness of mental health services, only a minority of adolescents exposed to different traumas use such resources. However, this study may go some way towards providing an understanding of the trauma backgrounds, demographic predictors and mental health disorders associated with service use.
Robust surface segmentation and edge feature lines extraction from fractured fragments of relics
Authors: Xu Jiangyong , Zhou Mingquan , Wu Zhongke , Shui Wuyang , Ali Sajid 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Surface segmentation and edge feature lines extraction from fractured fragments of relics are essential steps for computer assisted restoration of fragmented relics. As these fragments were heavily eroded, it is a challenging work to segment surface and extract edge feature lines. This paper presents a novel method to segment surface and extract edge feature lines from triangular meshes of irregular fractured fragments. Firstly, a rough surface segmentation is accomplished by using a clustering algorithm based on the vertex normal vector. Secondly, in order to differentiate between original and fracture faces, a novel integral invariant is introduced to compute the surface roughness. Thirdly, an accurate surface segmentation is implemented by merging faces based on face normal vector and roughness. Finally, edge feature lines are extracted based on the surface segmentation. Some experiments are made and analyzed, and the results show that our method can achieve surface segmentation and edge extraction effectively.
Identity‐based motivations and anticipated reckoning: Contributions to gift‐giving theory from an identity‐stripping context
Authors: Klein Jill G. , Lowrey Tina M. , Otnes Cele C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe utilize the Identity‐Based Motivation (IBM) model to examine gift giving within the identity‐stripping context of Nazi concentration camps, as reported in the memoirs of Holocaust survivors. By exploring gift giving in this crisis‐laden context, we demonstrate the fundamental role gifts can play in reestablishing personal and social identities. In doing so, we provide insights into the motivations for giving that go beyond the existing paradigms that emphasize social exchange, economic exchange, or agapic giving. Further, we introduce the construct of anticipated reckoning, in which people self‐regulate their behavior through an imagined future self whom they perceive to judge their current actions.
It's not just numbers: Cultural identities influence how nutrition information influences the valuation of foods
Authors: Gomez Pierrick , Torelli Carlos J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis research examines how cultural mindsets cued by a salient identity can influence how consumers interpret seemingly benign nutrition information in foods. Results show that nutrition information can be incongruent with the cultural norm of food enjoyment distinctively associated with French (and not American) identity. This occurs because of a conflict between the motivation to enjoy foods activated by a salient French identity and the utilitarian nature of nutrition information in foods – that does not belong to a French‐culture mindset. Three studies demonstrate that French (and not American) consumers with a salient cultural identity are more sensitive (i.e., perceive as riskier for their health) and evaluate more negatively foods that display (vs. not) nutrition information. Furthermore, this devaluation effect is mediated by anticipated feelings that the foods would not be enjoyable. Providing further evidence for the motivational inconsistency between the culturally‐distinctive norm of food enjoyment cued by a salient French‐culture mindset, French (and not American) consumers with a salient (vs. not) cultural identity experienced more disfluency when processing nutrition information in foods.
Marketing actions that influence estimates of others also shape identity
Authors: Burson Katherine A. , Gershoff Andrew D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractConsumers' social identities stem from comparisons between themselves and others. These identities help determine consumption decisions. Unfortunately, perceptions of comparative traits and characteristics are frequently biased, which can lead to similarly biased consumption decisions. Five studies show that two incidental but commonplace marketing decisions can influence consumers' estimates of their relative standing and thus their social identities by influencing estimates of how other consumers are distributed.
Hamstring Elongation Quantified Using Ultrasonography During the Straight Leg Raise Test in Individuals With Low Back Pain
Authors: Kellis Eleftherios , Ellinoudis Athanasios , Kofotolis Nikolaos 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the straight leg raise (SLR) test frequently is used to assess hamstring extensibility in individuals with low back pain (LBP), evidence relating LBP, SLR, and hamstring extensibility remains unclear. The SLR measures the angle between the lifted leg and the horizontal, however, and, as such, it is not a direct measure of the elongation capacity of the hamstrings.ObjectiveTo examine the differences in hamstring elongation (quantified via ultrasonography) and SLR score between individuals with LBP and asymptomatic controls and to determine the relationship between hamstring elongation, SLR, and functional disability scores.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingUniversity laboratory.ParticipantsForty men and women with chronic LBP (mean ± SD, age 43.51 ± 3.71 years and 40 control subjects (age 45.11 ± 4.01 years) participated in this study.AssessmentPassive SLR, elongation assessed via ultrasonography, and functional disability.Assessment and Outcome MeasurementsSLR score, elongation of tendinous tissue within the semitendinosus muscle, and Oswestry Disability Index.ResultsTwo‐way analysis of variance tests indicated a significantly lower SLR score and a greater Oswestry score in LBP group compared with control subjects (P < .05). In contrast, there were no significant group differences in hamstring elongation (P > .05). Gender did not have an effect on all dependent measures (P > .05). Hamstring elongation showed a low correlation with SLR score and a minimal correlation with Oswestry score.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the SLR score is not determined by hamstring elongation (quantified via ultrasonography).
Dialectical behaviour therapy for younger adults: evaluation of 22 weeks of community delivered dialectical behaviour therapy for females 18–25 years
Authors: Lyng J. L. , Swales M. A. , Hastings R. P. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundDialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is a multi-modal psychological therapy with established efficacy in treating borderline personality disorder (BPD). Younger adults represent a group more likely to drop out of treatment than their older counterparts and treatments specifically targeted at this younger cohort may be advantageous.The current studyWe describe an evaluation of a DBT programme in a mental health centre for younger adults 18–25 years who met criteria for BPD (n=11).MethodologyWe used a simple pre/post-test design, measuring BPD symptoms, general mental health symptoms, and coping skills using self-report questionnaires at the beginning of DBT and again following the delivery of 22 weeks of DBT.FindingsStatistically significant reductions were found in BPD symptoms and several mental health symptoms alongside an increase in DBT skills use. Dropout was 31% at 22 weeks of treatment. Methodological weaknesses and avenues for future research are discussed.
The Charity-Mongers of Modern Babylon: Bureaucracy, Scandal, and the Transformation of the Philanthropic Marketplace, c.1870–1912
Authors: Roddy Sarah , Strange Julie-Marie , Taithe Bertrand 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis essay sheds new light on the supposedly familiar world of Victorian philanthropy by considering charity in relation to market regulation. Focusing on the “charity fraud,” we suggest that in the shaping of this exclusive and paradoxical marketplace, charities eagerly seized fraud denunciations to advertise and authenticate their legitimacy. This reflected the massive changes in the charitable world since the days of paternalist social relations and, paradoxically, illustrates the extremity of the problem facing the donating public: if one could not be entirely certain of a local charity, how could he or she discern between the national organizations that undertook fund-raising for international disasters? This contest for legitimacy and the exposure of fraud shaped a contested but oddly virtuous exchange market: by the turn of the twentieth century, charities not only published account sheets but debated them publicly, too.
Milton and Cromwell: Another Look at the Evidence
Authors: Gregory Tobias 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt is often claimed that John Milton grew politically disaffected under the Protectorate government, which he served as Latin secretary. This article reviews the evidence for said disaffection. It finds that the passages in Milton's writings that have been taken to show disaffection with Protectorate or Protector, most of which postdate Cromwell's death, have little to do with Cromwell and mainly to do with the rapidly shifting political conditions of 1659–60. While the Cromwellian religious settlement fell short of the disestablishment Milton wanted, Cromwell favored religious toleration more strongly than his parliaments did, and Milton supported him in foreign affairs. Most likely Milton had no such thing as a single view of the Protectorate regime; his views of its various actors and interest groups, its successes and failures, would have been detailed and complex.
The Imperial History Wars
Authors: Kennedy Dane 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe key question posed by this essay is why historians' interest in Britain's imperial past has increased rather than diminished in recent decades. It argues that this interest has been sustained in part by a preoccupation with certain contemporary social and political issues, and differences of opinion about these issues have helped fuel the “imperial history wars.” The nature of the debate has differed for American- and British-based historians. For the former, British imperial history has served as an analogy for thinking about America's racial politics and its role as a global power. For the latter, it has served as a focal point for contending claims about Britain's past and deepening anxieties about its future. The essay concludes by urging historians to be more self-reflexive about their own practices and more rigorous in exposing presentist claims about the past.
Private Lives, Public Histories: The Diary in Twentieth-Century Britain
Authors: Moran Joe 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article examines the growth of interest in diary keeping in twentieth-century Britain. It explores how diary keeping by private citizens was encouraged in the first part of the century by mass-circulation newspapers, diary manufacturers, diary anthologists like Arthur Ponsonby, and the social research organization Mass Observation in response to changing notions of the self, privacy, and daily life. It discusses the ways in which, in the context of a growing interest in public archives, these private diaries have more recently been imagined as compelling forms of historical evidence, as well as some of the problems of organization and interpretation that these kinds of texts present. I argue that the inherently opaque and incomplete nature of private diaries means that they can add nuance to our understanding of the recent past and offer insight into the randomness and singularity of everyday experience as it is being lived.
Violent breaking wave impacts. Part 3. Effects of scale and aeration
Authors: Bredmose H. , Bullock G. N. , Hogg A. J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe effects of scale and aeration on violent breaking wave impacts with trapped and entrained air are investigated both analytically and numerically. By dimensional analysis we show that the impact pressures for Froude scaled conditions prior to the impact depend on the scale and aeration level. The Bagnold–Mitsuyasu scaling law for the compression of an air pocket by a piston of incompressible water is rederived and generalised to 3D air pockets of arbitrary shape. Numerical results for wall pressure, force and impulse are then presented for a flip-through impact, a low-aeration impact and a high-aeration impact, for nine scales and five levels of initial aeration. Two of these impact types trap a pocket of air at the wall. Among the findings of the paper is that for fixed initial aeration, impact pressures from the flip-through impact broadly follow Froude scaling. This is also the case for the two impact types with trapped air pockets for impact pressures below 318 kPa, while impact pressures above this value broadly follow the Bagnold–Mitsuyasu scaling law with full-scale pressures greater than those predicted by the Froude law. For all impact types, the effect of aeration is found to reduce the maximum impact pressure, maximum force and impulse. Good agreement with the asymptotic model of Peregrine & Thais (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 325, 1996, pp. 377–397) is found for the flip-through impact pressure and a fair agreement is found for the low- and high-aeration impacts. Based on the numerical results, a modified scaling curve that combines Froude scaling and the Bagnold–Mitsuyasu law is suggested. The practical implications of the findings are discussed and attention is drawn to the limitations of physical model tests.