bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of cold pack on labour pain relief and birth outcomes: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Shirvani Marjan Ahmad , Ganji Jila 
Published: November 2013

Aims and objectives(1) To evaluate the influence of local cold on severity of labour pain and (2) to identify the effect of local cold on maternal and neonatal outcomes.BackgroundFear of labour pain results in an increase in pain and duration of labour, maternal discontent and demand for caesarean section. Regarding maternal and foetal complications of analgesic medications, the attention to application of nonpharmacological methods including cold therapy is increased.DesignRandomised controlled trial.MethodsSixty‐four pregnant women, at initiation of active phase of labour, were allocated randomly to cold therapy and control groups (n = 64). Null parity, term pregnancy, presence of single foetus, cephalic presentation and completing informed consent were considered as inclusion criteria. Administration of analgesic and anaesthesia, foetal distress, skin lesions in regions of cold therapy and high‐risk pregnancy provided exclusion criteria. Cold pack was applied over abdomen and back, for 10 minutes every 30 minutes during first phase of labour. Additionally, cold pack was placed over perineum, for 5 minutes every 15 minutes during second phase. Pain severity was assessed based on the visual analogue scale.ResultsThe two groups were not significantly different considering demographic data, gestational age, foetal weight, rupture of membranes and primary severity of pain. Degree of pain was lower in cold therapy group during all parts of active phase and second stage. Duration of all phases was shorter in cold therapy group in all phases. Foetal heart rate, perineal laceration, type of birth, application of oxytocin and APGAR score were not significantly different between two groups.ConclusionLabour pain is probably reduced based on gate theory using cold. Pain control by cold maybe improves labour progression without affecting mother and foetus adversely.Relevance to clinical practiceLocal cold therapy could be included in labour pain management.
The role of androgen receptor gene in cyclosporine induced gingival overgrowth
Authors: AL Sayed A. A. , Al Sulaiman M. H. , Mishriky A. , Anil S. 
Published: November 2013

Background and ObjectiveGingival overgrowth is a prominent side effect of cyclosporine (CsA) therapy in renal transplant patients. Although the exact mechanism by which this drug induces gingival overgrowth is uncertain, marked variations in individual susceptibility to this drug suggest a genetic predisposition. Studies have shown that genetic variation (polymorphism) in the trinucleotide cytosine‐adenine‐ guanine (CAG) sequence in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene is related to altered activity of the AR as a transcription factor. However, the relationship between the length of the CAG repeat and gingival overgrowth has not yet been studied. The present study was carried out to determine whether there is an association between CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth and the length of the CAG repeats in theARgene.Material and MethodsGenomic DNA samples were prepared from the blood of 50 renal transplant patients with CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth and from the blood of 100 renal transplant patients on CsA with no gingival overgrowth.ResultsThe difference in allele distribution among the subjects with gingival overgrowth and control samples was statistically significant (p= 0.001).ConclusionThe findings suggest a link between CsA7induced gingival overgrowth and a smaller size of CAG repeat in theARgene.
Hepatitis B: global scientific development from a critical point of view
Authors: Schmidt S. , Bundschuh M. , Scutaru C. , Klingelhoefer D. , Groneberg D. A. , Gerber A. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryHepatitis B is the tenth leading cause of death worldwide. Countries with high endemicity, such as China and Taiwan show high scientific productivity in this field and dominate the top ten list of the most productive authors worldwide, providing four of them. This is remarkable, as the USA and Europe usually maintain leading positions, not only regarding country‐specific scientific productivity, but also top ten ranking of most productive and most cited authors in other important medical sectors. So far, a scientometric analysis of the topic ‘hepatitis B’ has not been generated despite an increased need for it in times of modified evaluation criteria for academic personnel and a subsequent tendency to co‐authorship and author self‐citation. In this study, scientometric methods and large‐scale data analysis were used to evaluate quality and quantity of scientific research dealing with the topic ‘hepatitis B’ and to contribute to distinguish relevant research output. Data were gained from Pubmed and ISI‐Web. In the time span of 1971–2011, 49 166 items were published by 250 countries, of which the USA have been the most productive supplier with 28% of all publications, followed in considerable distance by Germany, China, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy and Taiwan, respectively. The USA have established their position as centre of international cooperation. Their cooperation with China proves to be the most productive one. The most prolific journals in the field of hepatitis b were ‘Hepatology’, the ‘Journal of Hepatology’ and the ‘Journal of Medical Virology’. h‐index, citation rate and impact factor, commonly used for assessment of scientific quality, were determined and discussed critically with regard to distortion by bias of self‐citation and co‐authorship.
Above‐ground woody carbon sequestration measured from tree rings is coherent with net ecosystem productivity at five eddy‐covariance sites
Authors: Babst Flurin , Bouriaud Olivier , Papale Dario , Gielen Bert , Janssens Ivan A. , Nikinmaa Eero , Ibrom Andreas , Wu Jian , Bernhofer Christian , Köstner Barbara , Grünwald Thomas , Seufert Günther , Ciais Philippe , Frank David 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAttempts to combine biometric and eddy‐covariance (EC) quantifications of carbon allocation to different storage pools in forests have been inconsistent and variably successful in the past.We assessed above‐ground biomass changes at five long‐termECforest stations based on tree‐ring width and wood density measurements, together with multiple allometric models. Measurements were validated with site‐specific biomass estimates and compared with the sum of monthlyCO2fluxes between 1997 and 2009.Biometric measurements and seasonal net ecosystem productivity (NEP) proved largely compatible and suggested that carbon sequestered between January and July is mainly used for volume increase, whereas that taken up between August and September supports a combination of cell wall thickening and storage. The inter‐annual variability in above‐ground woody carbon uptake was significantly linked with wood production at the sites, ranging between 110 and 370 g C m−2 yr−1, thereby accounting for 10–25% of gross primary productivity (GPP), 15–32% of terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER) and 25–80% ofNEP.The observed seasonal partitioning of carbon used to support different wood formation processes refines our knowledge on the dynamics and magnitude of carbon allocation in forests across the major European climatic zones. It may thus contribute, for example, to improved vegetation model parameterization and provides an enhanced framework to link tree‐ring parameters withECmeasurements.
The Benefit of a Second Burst Antitachycardia Sequence for Fast Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
Authors: ANGUERA IGNASI , DALLAGLIO PAOLO , SABATÉ XAVIER , NUÑEZ ELAINE , GRACIDA MONTSERRAT , DI MARCO ANDREA , SUGRAÑES GEMA , CEQUIER ANGEL 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundIn patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), an empirical burst of antitachycardia pacing (ATP) is moderately effective in terminating fast ventricular tachycardias (FVTs). It is unknown whether, in the case of failure of a first burst, a second burst attempt increases the efficacy of the intervention, without increasing morbidity. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a strategy of programming successive ATP sequences for FVT episodes.MethodsA prospective study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of programming successive ATP sequences for termination of FVT episodes (cycle lengths [CLs] 250–320 ms) treated by one ATP sequence and, in the event of failure, by successive ATP attempts or shocks.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 54 months, 267 FVT episodes (mean CL of 295 ± 18 ms) were detected in 35 patients. Effectiveness of the first burst ATP was 64% (65% GEE‐adjusted, where GEE is generalized estimating equation) and increased significantly to 83% (75% GEE‐adjusted) with the second burst ATP sequence (P = 0.01). In the remaining 17% of FVT episodes with failure of the second ATP, successive bursts and shocks were required. Multivariate analysis showed that primary prevention ICD (odds ratio [OR] 5.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9–14.5, P = 0.001), sinus rhythm (OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.4–13.4, P = 0.01), nonischemic cardiomyopathy (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.2–4.8, P = 0.02), and longer VT CL (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.1–1.6, P = 0.002) were independently associated with effectiveness of the first or second burst pacing sequence.ConclusionThe addition of a second burst pacing attempt increases the effectiveness of ATP for FVT and, therefore, reduces the need for high‐energy shocks.
The Relationship between Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation and Coronary Artery Spasm
Authors: KAWAKAMI TOHRU , OHNO HIROYOSHI , TANAKA NOBUKIYO , ISHIHARA HIROKI , KOBAYAKAWA HIROKO , SAKURAI TOMOHIRO 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundCoronary artery spasm has recently been reported as a complication of the ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). It may be induced by cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction during radiofrequency catheter ablation of AF. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear. We hypothesized that patients with paroxysmal AF coincidentally exhibit coronary artery spasm.MethodsA total of 51 patients were enrolled in a case control study to clarify the relationship between paroxysmal AF and coronary artery spasm. We evaluated 17 patients with paroxysmal AF (AF group) and 34 patients without paroxysmal AF (control group). Drug‐induced coronary artery spasm provocation tests were performed by intracoronary administration of acetylcholine or ergonovine.ResultsThe AF group consisted of nine males and eight females, mean age 67 ± 10 years. The control group consisted of 16 males and 18 females, mean age 60 ± 14 years. In the AF group, coronary artery spasm was induced in 13 patients (76.5%) before AF ablation. In the control group, coronary artery spasm was induced in three patients (8.8%). Coronary artery spasm was more frequently induced in patients with AF (76.5% vs 8.8%; odds ratio, 33.583; 95% confidence interval, 6.5732–171.58; P < 0.0001). In the AF group, ventricular fibrillation and AF were recorded immediately after right coronary artery spasm induction in one patient.ConclusionsParoxysmal AF patients have high positive rates of drug‐provoked coronary artery spasm. Patients with paroxysmal AF may coincidentally exhibit coronary artery spasm
The coarse wrinkle layer ofPalaeozoic ammonoids: new evidence from theEarlyCarboniferous ofMorocco
Authors: Korn Dieter , Klug Christian , Mapes Royal H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe wrinkle layer is a dorsal shell structure occurring in a number of ammonoids, but its function is still debated. Here, we describe, from Moroccan material of the Early Carboniferous speciesMaxigoniatites saourensis(Pareyn,), the most conspicuous wrinkle layer known within theAmmonoidea. This additional shell layer occurs in the ventrolateral portion of the adult body chamber and forms continuous lamellae, which range about two millimetres into the lumen of the body chamber. Possible functions are discussed and the most likely interpretation for the structure is ‘fabricational noise’, which is related to the coarsening of the shell ornament of the terminal body chamber.
Canine oral mucosal mast cell tumours
Authors: Elliott J. W. , Cripps P. , Blackwood L. , Berlato D. , Murphy S. , Grant I. A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMast cell tumours (MCTs) are the most common cutaneous tumours of dogs, however rarely they can arise from the oral mucosa. This subset ofMCTis reported to demonstrate a more aggressive clinical course than those tumours on the haired skin and the authors hypothesised that dogs with oral, mucosalMCTwould have a high incidence of local lymph node metastasis at presentation and that this would be a negative prognostic factor. An additional hypothesis was that mitotic index (MI) would be prognostic. This retrospective study examines 33 dogs withMCTsarising from the oral mucosa. The results suggest that oral mucosalMCTsin the dog have a high incidence of lymph node metastasis at diagnosis (55%) which results in a poor prognosis. MI and nodal metastasis is highly prognostic. Loco‐regional progression is common in these patients and dogs with adequate local control of their tumour had an improved outcome. Despite a more aggressive clinical course, treatment can result in protracted survivals, even when metastasis is present.
Pulmonary lobe segmentation based on ridge surface sampling and shape model fitting
Authors: Ross James C. , Kindlmann Gordon L. , Okajima Yuka , Hatabu Hiroto , Díaz Alejandro A. , Silverman Edwin K. , Washko George R. , Dy Jennifer , Estépar Raúl San José 
Published: November 2013

Purpose:Performing lobe‐based quantitative analysis of the lung in computed tomography (CT) scans can assist in efforts to better characterize complex diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While airways and vessels can help to indicate the location of lobe boundaries, segmentations of these structures are not always available, so methods to define the lobes in the absence of these structures are desirable.Methods:The authors present a fully automatic lung lobe segmentation algorithm that is effective in volumetric inspiratory and expiratory computed tomography (CT) datasets. The authors rely on ridge surface image features indicating fissure locations and a novel approach to modeling shape variation in the surfaces defining the lobe boundaries. The authors employ a particle system that efficiently samples ridge surfaces in the image domain and provides a set of candidate fissure locations based on the Hessian matrix. Following this, lobe boundary shape models generated from principal component analysis (PCA) are fit to the particles data to discriminate between fissure and nonfissure candidates. The resulting set of particle points are used to fit thin plate spline (TPS) interpolating surfaces to form the final boundaries between the lung lobes.Results:The authors tested algorithm performance on 50 inspiratory and 50 expiratory CT scans taken from the COPDGene study. Results indicate that the authorsˈ algorithm performs comparably to pulmonologist‐generated lung lobe segmentations and can produce good results in cases with accessory fissures, incomplete fissures, advanced emphysema, and low dose acquisition protocols. Dice scores indicate that only 29 out of 500 (5.85%) lobes showed Dice scores lower than 0.9. Two different approaches for evaluating lobe boundary surface discrepancies were applied and indicate that algorithm boundary identification is most accurate in the vicinity of fissures detectable on CT.Conclusions:The proposed algorithm is effective for lung lobe segmentation in absence of auxiliary structures such as vessels and airways. The most challenging cases are those with mostly incomplete, absent, or near‐absent fissures and in cases with poorly revealed fissures due to high image noise. However, the authors observe good performance even in the majority of these cases.
Gravity signatures of sediment systems: predicting reservoir distribution in Angolan and Brazilian basins
Authors: Dickson W. G. , Danforth A. , Odegard M. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The Lower Congo Basin and Congo Fan of Angola contain giant oil discoveries in Oligocene & Miocene deep-water sands; the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary fans in the Campos Basin of Brazil contain some 90% of Brazil’s reserves. Petroleum exploration in these vast, deep-water regions is resource-hungry, increasing the value of techniques that facilitate quick and inexpensive extrapolation from discoveries into undrilled areas. Our work demonstrates a strong correlation in these basins between reservoir fairways and various attributes of the gravity signature. We provide comparisons between published interpretations based on well and seismic data and our interpretations of gravity attribute images. We demonstrate the use of geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to facilitate the comparisons, discuss the possible basis for these correlations and speculate on their application to other basins. We conclude with notes on current research to improve the resolution of the gravity data and future refinements to our processing and interpretation methods.
Optimizing 3-D seismic technologies to accelerate field development in the Berkine Basin, Algeria
Authors: Drummond J. M. , Kasmi R. , Sakani A. , Budd A. J. L. , Ryan J. W. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A radical approach to 3-D acquisition in country with large sand dunes was developed to improve seismic data quality. A methodology was devised which allowed accurate removal of near-surface statics and transmission effects giving enhanced depth prognosis. An adaptive noise-attenuation technique, based upon an image-processing procedure, was developed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of 3-D data that were contaminated with ‘acquisition footprint’. Finally, parallel survey geometries were devised that reduced the noise contamination of the next generation of 3-D surveys in the Berkine Basin. Most of the 3-D surveys acquired in the Berkine Basin are now designed with parallel templates rather than cross-spreads. This survey technique has been shown to provide better spatially sampled data, despite the interference caused by the huge sand dunes, which, in turn, respond more positively to standard pre-stack noise-attenuation processing. Attribute and coherency analysis, as well as stratigraphic interpretation, is now possible on these datasets with a much greater degree of confidence.
Application of fluid inclusion studies to understanding oil charge, Pre-Salt succession, offshore Angola
Authors: Parnell J. , Chen H. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Fluid inclusion studies in the Pre-Salt succession of the Kwanza Basin show that valuable information can be obtained regarding fluid migration, including oil charge. A pilot study demonstrates that oil inclusions are widespread in both cements and healed microfractures, and that measurements can be made of their entrapment temperature, fluorescence characteristics, API gravity determination and bulk organic geochemistry. Successive populations of inclusions show changes of temperature with time, which give an insight into thermal history and emphasize the importance of hot fluids in the region. Multiple populations of oil inclusions offer the potential of reconstructing the evolution of oil chemistry and, in particular, the origin of mixed oils.
Prospectivity in ultradeep water: the case for petroleum generation and migration within the outer parts of the Niger Delta apron
Authors: Morgan R. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The interpretation of 2-D and 3-D seismic data acquired over the ultradeep water (1500–4000 m), lower delta-slope region of the Niger Delta indicates the continuation of the principal stratigraphic subdivisions out onto the continental rise. The Niger Delta sediment apron is still over 4 km in thickness in 4000 m of water. The continuation of a thick sediment pile into ultradeep water, coupled with the existence of a proven petroleum system on the higher parts of the slope, extends the potential region for mature Palaeogene and possibly older, oilsource rocks, up to and beyond the limit of current drilling technology. Contrary to previous models, the Miocene-Holocene Agbada Formation does not thin out oceanward relative to the underlying Akata Formation. The continuation of this seismic-event-based division of the Tertiary succession into and throughout the ultradeep-water province indicates an abrupt change in depositional style with the arrival of major submarine fans.
The collapse of the Niger Delta sediment cone above overpressured muds of the Akata Formation is manifested in the ultradeep-water region as thrusting. The style of deformation varies across the area, depending on the level of detachment within the Akata Formation. The thrusting is divided into compartments by transfer zones against which toe-thrusts terminate or are offset. The toe-thrusts can be seen to have antecedents in the framework of rifts that predated breakup. These rift elements are imaged beneath the western delta region and reflect possible extent of extended continental crust in this area.
The lower slope is traversed by large turbidite channels that extend from the upper parts of the slope to beyond the outermost toe-thrusts. These channels provide a route for sand to be brought into these water depths from the shelf and from mud-diapir-bounded mini-basins higher on the slope.
The existence of underlying, presumed Late Cretaceous rift elements beneath parts of the ultradeep-water areas raise the possibility of additional source rocks within the ultradeep waters of the Niger Delta.
Four new endemic species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Renata Souza de , Semir João , Dutilh Julie Henriette Antoinette 
Published: November 2013

Four new endemic species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from Serra da Canastra (Minas Gerais State, Brazil) are described and illustrated. Hippeastrum canastrense is similar to H. elegans, while H. diniz-cruziae, H. roseoalbum and H. sanfranciscanum are similar to Hippeastrum cipoanum. An identification key for Hippeastrum species from Serra da Canastra is presented. Quatro novas espécies de Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) da Serra da Canastra (Minas Gerais, Brasil) são descritas e ilustradas. Hippeastrum canastrense é similar a H. elegans, enquanto H. diniz-cruziae, H. roseoalbum e H. sanfranciscanum são similares a Hippeastrum cipoanum. Chave de identificação para espécies de Hippeasstrum da Serra da Canastra é apresentada.