bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do psychiatric units at general hospitals attract less stigmatizing attitudes compared with psychiatric hospitals?
Authors: Schomerus G. , Matschinger H. , Angermeyer M.C. 
Published: September 2012

Aims.It is often assumed that psychiatric units at general hospitals attract less stigma than do specialized psychiatric hospitals, but so far this has not been examined empirically.Methods.We conducted a representative population survey in Germany (n = 2410) in order to compare attitudes towards psychiatric units and attitudes towards psychiatric hospitals. Two subsamples were presented with identical items concerning either psychiatric units or hospitals. We conducted multinomial logit analyses of answer categories to detect any differences in attitudes.Results.A majority of respondents held favourable opinions of psychiatric in-patient care at both psychiatric units and psychiatric hospitals. Attitudes towards units and hospitals did not differ meaningfully.Conclusions.The influence of location on the image of psychiatric care has been over-estimated. We discuss other implications of locating psychiatric care at general hospitals.
Van der Waals interactions between hydrocarbon molecules and zeolites: Periodic calculations at different levels of theory, from density functional theory to the random phase approximation and Møller-Plesset perturbation theory
Authors: Göltl Florian , Grüneis Andreas , Bučko Tomas , Hafner Jürgen 
Published: September 2012

The adsorption of small alkane molecules in purely siliceous and protonated chabazite has been investigated at different levels of theory: (i) density-functional (DFT) calculations with a gradient-corrected exchange-correlation functional; DFT calculations using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional with corrections for the missing dispersion forces in the form of C6/R6 pair potentials with (ii) C6 parameters and vdW radii determined by fitting accurate energies for a large molecular data base (PBE−d) or (iii) derived from “atoms in a solid” calculations; (iv) DFT calculations using a non-local correlation functional constructed such as to account for dispersion forces (vdW-DF); (v) calculations based on the random phase approximation (RPA) combined with the adiabatic-coupling fluctuation-dissipation theorem; and (vi) using Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations together with correlation energies calculated using second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory. All calculations have been performed for periodic models of the zeolite and using a plane-wave basis and the projector-augmented wave method. The simpler and computationally less demanding approaches (i)–(iv) permit a calculation of the forces acting on the atoms using the Hellmann-Feynman theorem and further a structural optimization of the adsorbate-zeolite complex, while RPA and MP2 calculations can be performed only for a fixed geometry optimized at a lower level of theory. The influence of elevated temperature has been taken into account by averaging the adsorption energies calculated for purely siliceous and protonated chabazite, with weighting factors determined by molecular dynamics calculations with dispersion-corrected forces from DFT. Compared to experiment, the RPA underestimates the adsorption energies by about 5 kJ/mol while MP2 leads to an overestimation by about 6 kJ/Mol (averaged over methane, ethane, and propane). The most accurate results have been found for the “hybrid” RPA-HF method with an average error of less than 2 kJ/mol only, while RPA underestimates the adsorption energies by about 8 kJ/mol on average. MP2 overestimates the adsorption energies slightly, with an average error of 5 kJ/mol. The more approximate and computationally less demanding methods such as the vdW-DF density functional or the C6/R6 pair potentials with C6 parameters from “atoms in a solid” calculations overestimate the adsorption energies quite strongly. Relatively good agreement with experiment is achieved with the empirical PBE+d method with an average error of about 5 kJ/mol.
In vivo high-throughput antimicrobial discovery screens utilizing Caenorhabditis elegans as an alternative host.
Authors: Coleman J. J. , Mylonakis E. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

This chapter discusses the advantages of using Caenorhabditis elegans as an alternative host in in vivo screening of potential antimicrobial compounds. In general, using the versatile nematode for antimicrobial drug discovery allows the simultaneous assessment of antimicrobial activity, potential toxicities, and relevant physicochemical properties.
An efficient flexible white organic light-emitting device with a screen-printed conducting polymer anode
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Shihao , Dang Fangyuan , Li Yang , Yin Yongming , Liu Jian , Xu Kai , Piao Xuecheng , Xie Wenfa 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A screen-printed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) layer was used as the anode for a flexible white organic light-emitting device (FWOLED). After 700 bending cycles, the sheet resistance of the anode was increased to 1.8 times the initial value (296 Ω/□). The average transmission of the PEDOT : PSS layer on the PET substrate was 74% in the visible light region. At a brightness of 1000 cd m−2, the current and power efficiency of the FWOLED were 26.4 cd A−1 and 10.8 lm W−1, respectively. And after 100 outer bending cycles, the device also had a power efficiency of 5.0 lm W−1 at 1000 cd m−2.
Microwave absorption capability of microcapsules by coating FeSiAlCr with SiO2
Authors: Huang Weirong , Zhang Penghua , Yan Wenjing , Zhou Liang , Xu Hui 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Electromagnetic wave absorption of microcapsules by coating FeSiAlCr with SiO2 is investigated. The absorption amplitude of the microcapsules is found to increase significantly in the lower frequency of microwave compared with the corpuscles of FeSiAlCr alloy. Reflection loss (RL) exceeding −10 dB can be obtained for all frequencies within 2.6–7.3 GHz, covering half of the S-band, and the whole C-band when the absorber layer thickness is 2 mm. The maximum RL can exceed −18 dB at 4.3 GHz, while the RL is only −4 dB with the corpuscles of FeSiAlCr alloy. The reason is that the microcapsules's conductance is decreased and the absorption of electromagnetic wave in the microcapsule materials is easier.
Surface modes enhanced magneto-optical Kerr effect in Fe films underneath two-dimensional array of polystyrene spheres
Authors: Zhang X , Shi L , Li J , Xia Y J , Shi Z , Zi J , Zhou S M 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
For bilayers consisting of 20 nm Fe film and top two-dimensional arrays of hexagonal close-packed polystyrene spheres, fine structures are observed in the reflection R and magneto-optical polar Kerr rotation θ

K
spectra. The θ

K
achieves narrow peaks or dips near R minima and are both shifted with the sphere diameter. All phenomena are attributed to the excited guided waves and surface plasmonic modes. The θ

K
peaks and dips near the R minima can be mainly explained as a result of the pure optical constant effect.
Tunable bead-on-string microstructures fabricated by mechano-electrospinning
Authors: Bu Ningbin , Huang YongAn , Deng Huixu , Yin Zhouping 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In this paper, bead-on-string microstructures are fabricated by the mechano-electrospinning (MES) process in a continuously tunable manner. The thin jet is pulled onto the substrate by the stable electric field force and tunable mechanical drawing force, and then the bead-on-string structures are generated by means of the force exerted on the jet, which changes from capillary force and resisting viscosity force to friction force at the contact point in the horizontal direction. In a stable bead-on-string formation process, one cycle can be divided into three stages from the point of view of the jet behaviour: being anchored, being stretched, and skipping. The bead size and the bead gap are continuously tunable through the MES process. The fabrication mechanisms of the bead-on-string microstructure are uncovered through theoretical analysis and experimental characterization. When a critical velocity is achieved, the jet directly falls on the substrate without accumulation since the mechanical drawing force in the horizontal direction overtakes the capillary force, which leads the bead-on-string microstructures to a continuous fibre line. It is a flexible and highly controllable method to fabricate bead-on-string microstructures.
Modelling dielectric-constant values of concrete: an aid to shielding effectiveness prediction and ground-penetrating radar wave technique interpretation
Authors: Bourdi Taoufik , Rhazi Jamal Eddine , Boone François , Ballivy Gérard 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A number of efficient and diverse mathematical methods have been used to model electromagnetic wave propagation. Each of these methods possesses a set of key elements which eases its understanding. However, the modelling of the propagation in concrete becomes impossible without modelling its electrical properties. In addition to experimental measurements; material theoretical and empirical models can be useful to investigate the behaviour of concrete's electrical properties with respect to frequency, moisture content (MC) or other factors. These models can be used in different fields of civil engineering such as (1) electromagnetic compatibility which predicts the shielding effectiveness (SE) of a concrete structure against external electromagnetic waves and (2) in non-destructive testing to predict the radar wave reflected on a concrete slab. This paper presents a comparison between the Jonscher model and the Debye models which is suitable to represent the dielectric properties of concrete, although dielectric and conduction losses are taken into consideration in these models. The Jonscher model gives values of permittivity, SE and radar wave reflected in a very good agreement with those given by experimental measurements and this for different MCs. Compared with other models, the Jonscher model is very effective and is the most appropriate to represent the electric properties of concrete.
Propofol at Clinically Relevant Concentrations Increases Neuronal Differentiation But Is Not Toxic to Hippocampal Neural Precursor Cells In Vitro
Authors: Sall Jeffrey W. , Stratmann Greg , Leong Jason , Woodward Elliott , Bickler Philip E. 
Published: September 2012

Background
Propofol in the early postnatal period has been shown to cause brain cell death. One proposed mechanism for cognitive dysfunction after anesthesia is alteration of neural stem cell function and neurogenesis. We examined the effect of propofol on neural precursor or stem cells (NPCs) grown in vitro.

Methods
Hippocampal-derived NPCs from postnatal day 2 rats were exposed to propofol or Diprivan. NPCs were then analyzed for bromodeoxyuridine incorporation to measure proliferation. Cell death was measured by lactate dehydrogenase release. Immunocytochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of neuronal and glial markers in differentiating NPCs exposed to propofol.

Results
Propofol dose dependently increases the release of lactate dehydrogenase from NPCs under both proliferating and differentiating conditions at supraclinical concentrations (more than 7.1 µM). Both Diprivan and propofol had the same effect on NPCs. Propofol-mediated release of lactate dehydrogenase is not inhibited by blocking the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor or extracellular calcium influx and is not mediated by caspase-3/7. Direct γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor activation did not have the same effect. In differentiating NPCs, 6 h of propofol at 2.1 µM increased the number neurons but not glial cells 4 days later. Increased neuronal differentiation was not blocked by bicuculline.

Conclusions
Only supraclinical concentrations of propofol or Diprivan kill NPCs in culture by a non-γ-aminobutyric acid type A, noncaspase-3 mechanism. Clinically relevant doses of propofol increase neuronal fate choice by a non-γ-aminobutyric acid type A mechanism.
Intraoperative Neuromuscular Monitoring Site and Residual Paralysis
Authors: Thilen Stephan R. , Hansen Bradley E. , Ramaiah Ramesh , Kent Christopher D. , Treggiari Miriam M. , Bhananker Sanjay M. 
Published: September 2012

Background
Residual paralysis is common after general anesthesia involving administration of neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs). Management of NMBDs and reversal is frequently guided by train-of-four (TOF) monitoring. We hypothesized that monitoring of eye muscles is associated with more frequent residual paralysis than monitoring at the adductor pollicis.

Methods
This prospective cohort study enrolled 180 patients scheduled for elective surgery with anticipated use of NMBDs. Collected variables included monitoring site, age, gender, weight, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class, type and duration of surgery, type of NMBDs, last and total dose administered, TOF count at time of reversal, dose of neostigmine, and time interval between last dose of NMBDs to quantitative measurement. Upon postanesthesia care unit admission, we measured TOF ratios by acceleromyography at the adductor pollicis. Residual paralysis was defined as a TOF ratio less than 90%. Multivariable logistic regression was used to account for unbalances between the two groups and to adjust for covariates.

Results
150 patients received NMBDs and were included in the analysis. Patients with intraoperative TOF monitoring of eye muscles had significantly greater incidence of residual paralysis than patients monitored at the adductor pollicis (P < 0.01). Residual paralysis was observed in 51/99 (52%) and 11/51 (22%) of patients, respectively. The crude odds ratio was 3.9 (95% CI: 1.8-8.4), and the adjusted odds ratio was 5.5 (95% CI: 2.1-14.5).

Conclusions
Patients having qualitative TOF monitoring of eye muscles had a greater than 5-fold higher risk of postoperative residual paralysis than those monitored at the adductor pollicis.
CHOROIDITIS AND CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
Authors: Panou Nikol , Kim Ivana K. , Sobrin Lucia 
Published: September 2012

Purpose:
To present a case with bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis–associated choroiditis requiring immunomodulatory therapy for prevention of recurrence.

Methods:
The clinical course of a patient diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, who developed bilateral choroiditis at the time of his neurologic diagnosis and bilateral CNV 6 years later, is reviewed.

Patient:
A 57-year-old man developed CNV in both eyes, 6 years after the initial diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis–associated choroiditis. The patient was initially treated successfully with intravitreal bevacizumab injections and oral prednisone, but CNV recurred with steroid tapering. Mycophenolate mofetil was initiated as steroid-sparing immunomodulatory therapy.

Results:
There was no CNV recurrence for 1.5 years without the need for additional antiangiogenic therapy.

Conclusion:
To our best knowledge, this is the first report of choroiditis and secondary CNV associated with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. In cases of recurrent CNV associated with choroiditis, systemic therapy should be strongly considered in conjunction with antiangiogenic therapy. The recurrence of CNV with tapering of oral steroids and the remission of CNV with steroid-sparing immunomodulatory therapy support the role of ongoing inflammation in the pathogenesis.
Quantitative visualization of biological data in Google Earth using R2G2, an R CRAN package
Authors: Arrigo Nils , Albert Loren P. , Mickelson Pascal G. , Barker Michael S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe briefly introduce R2G2, an R CRAN package to visualize spatially explicit biological data within the Google Earth interface. Our package combines a collection of basic graph‐editing features, including automated placement of dots, segments, polygons, images (including graphs produced with R), along with several complex three‐dimensional (3D) representations such as phylogenies, histograms and pie charts. We briefly present some example data sets and show the immediate benefits in communication gained from using the Google Earth interface to visually explore biological results. The package is distributed with detailed help pages providing examples and annotated source scripts with the hope that users will have an easy time using and further developing this package. R2G2 is distributed on http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages.
De novo assembly of the transcriptome of an invasive snail and its multiple ecological applications
Authors: Sun J. , Wang M. , Wang H. , Zhang H. , Zhang X. , Thiyagarajan V. , Qian P. Y. , Qiu J. W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractStudying how invasive species respond to environmental stress at the molecular level can help us assess their impact and predict their range expansion. Development of markers of genetic polymorphism can help us reconstruct their invasive route. However, to conduct such studies requires the presence of substantial amount of genomic resources. This study aimed to generate and characterize genomic resources using high throughput transcriptome sequencing for Pomacea canaliculata, a nonmodel gastropod indigenous to Argentina that has invaded Asia, Hawaii and southern United States. De novo assembly of the transcriptome resulted in 128 436 unigenes with an average length of 419 bp (range: 150–8556 bp). Many of the unigenes (2439) contained transposable elements, showing the existence of a source of genetic variability in response to stressful conditions. A total of 3196 microsatellites were detected in the transcriptome; among 20 of the randomly tested microsatellites, 10 were validated to exhibit polymorphism. A total of 15 412 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the ORFs. LC‐MS/MS analysis of the proteome of juveniles revealed 878 proteins, of which many are stress related. This study has demonstrated the great potential of high throughput DNA sequencing for rapid development of genomic resources for a nonmodel organism. Such resources can facilitate various molecular ecological studies, such as stress physiology and range expansion.
Consistent divergence times and allele sharing measured from cross‐species application of SNP chips developed for three domestic species
Authors: Miller J. M. , Kijas J. W. , Heaton M. P. , McEwan J. C. , Coltman D. W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecent advances in technology facilitated development of large sets of genetic markers for many taxa, though most often model or domestic organisms. Cross‐species application of genomic technologies may allow for rapid marker discovery in wild relatives of taxa with well‐developed resources. We investigated returns from cross‐species application of three commercially available SNP chips (the OvineSNP50, BovineSNP50 and EquineSNP50 BeadChips) as a function of divergence time between the domestic source species and wild target species. Across all three chips, we observed a consistent linear decrease in call rate (~1.5% per million years), while retention of polymorphisms showed an exponential decay. These results will allow researchers to predict the expected amplification rate and polymorphism of cross‐species application for their taxa of interest, as well as provide a resource for estimating divergence times.
Capwire: a R package for estimating population census size from non‐invasive genetic sampling
Authors: Pennell Matthew W. , Stansbury Carisa R. , Waits Lisette P. , Miller Craig R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNon‐invasive genetic sampling is an increasingly popular approach for investigating the demographics of natural populations. This has also become a useful tool for managers and conservation biologists, especially for those species for which traditional mark–recapture studies are not practical. However, the consequence of collecting DNA indirectly is that an individual may be sampled multiple times per sampling session. This requires alternative statistical approaches to those used in traditional mark–recapture studies. Here we present the R package capwire, an implementation of the population size estimators of Miller et al. (Molecular Ecology 2005; 14: 1991), which were designed to deal specifically with this type of sampling. The aim of this project is to enable users across platforms to easily manipulate their data and interact with existing R packages. We have also provided functions to simulate data under a variety of scenarios to allow for rigorous testing of the robustness of the method and to facilitate further development of this approach.
Sensitization to acid‐hydrolyzed wheat protein by transdermal administration to BALB/c mice, and comparison with gluten
Authors: Adachi R. , Nakamura R. , Sakai S. , Fukutomi Y. , Teshima R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of studies have shown that hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP) can induce IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity by skin contact and/or food ingestion. However, there has been no study of the sensitizing potential of HWP. In this study, the possibility of transdermal pathway for sensitization to acid‐HWP (HWP1) was investigated using BALB/c mice, and compared with that of gluten.MethodsHWP1 or gluten (500 μg/mouse) was transdermally administered using patches. After three or four cycles of sensitization for 3 days/week, active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of the antigen, and rectal temperatures, scores of anaphylactic responses, and plasma histamine levels were determined. Because HWP1 was included in facial soap in Japan, the effect of detergent on the sensitizing potential was also investigated.ResultsTransdermal administration of HWP1 induced dose‐dependent production of IgE and IgG1. After sensitization for 3 or 4 weeks, intraperitoneal injection of HWP1 caused ASA, leading to decreased rectal temperatures, increased anaphylaxis scores, and increased plasma histamine levels. In addition, splenocytes harvested after ASA produced IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐10 by re‐stimulation with HWP1. Transdermal exposure to gluten also induced IgE and IgG1 production, and intraperitoneal injection of gluten also induced ASA only in mice sensitized in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate.ConclusionsTransdermal exposure to HWP1 is sufficient to activate key immune pathways necessary for sensitizing mice for immediate hypersensitivity reactions. This study shows that HWP has a sensitizing potential as well as gluten, whereas its allergenicity may be different from that of gluten.