bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Necrotic Myocardial Cells Release Damage‐Associated Molecular Patterns That Provoke Fibroblast Activation In Vitro and Trigger Myocardial Inflammation and Fibrosis In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Weili , Lavine Kory J. , Epelman Slava , Evans Sarah A. , Weinheimer Carla J. , Barger Philip M. , Mann Douglas L. 
Published: June 2015

Background

Tissue injury triggers inflammatory responses that promote tissue fibrosis; however, the mechanisms that couple tissue injury, inflammation, and fibroblast activation are not known. Given that dying cells release proinflammatory “damage‐associated molecular patterns” (
DAMP
s), we asked whether proteins released by necrotic myocardial cells (NMCs) were sufficient to activate fibroblasts in vitro by examining fibroblast activation after stimulation with proteins released by necrotic myocardial tissue, as well as in vivo by injecting proteins released by necrotic myocardial tissue into the hearts of mice and determining the extent of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis at 72 hours.

Methods and Results

The freeze–thaw technique was used to induce myocardial necrosis in freshly excised mouse hearts. Supernatants from NMCs contained multiple
DAMP
s, including high mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1), galectin‐3, S100β, S100A8, S100A9, and interleukin‐1α.
NMC
s provoked a significant increase in fibroblast proliferation, α–smooth muscle actin activation, and collagen 1A1 and 3A1
mRNA
expression and significantly increased fibroblast motility in a cell‐wounding assay in a Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)‐ and receptor for advanced glycation end products–dependent manner.
NMC
stimulation resulted in a significant 3‐ to 4‐fold activation of Akt and Erk, whereas pretreatment with Akt (A6730) and Erk (U0126) inhibitors decreased
NMC
‐induced fibroblast proliferation dose‐dependently. The effects of
NMC
s on cell proliferation and collagen gene expression were mimicked by several recombinant
DAMP
s, including
HMGB
1 and galectin‐3. Moreover, immunodepletion of
HMGB
1 in
NMC
supernatants abrogated
NMC
‐induced cell proliferation. Finally, injection of
NMC
supernatants or recombinant
HMGB
1 into the heart provoked increased myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in wild‐type mice but not in
TLR
4‐deficient mice.

Conclusions

These studies constitute the initial demonstration that
DAMP
s released by NMCs induce fibroblast activation in vitro, as well as myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in vivo, at least in part, through
TLR
4‐dependent signaling.
Randomized, Double‐Blinded, Placebo‐Controlled Trial of Fibrinogen Concentrate Supplementation After Complex Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ranucci Marco , Baryshnikova Ekaterina , Crapelli Giulia Beatrice , Rahe‐Meyer Niels , Menicanti Lorenzo , Frigiola Alessandro ,   the Surgical Clinical Outcome REsearch (SCORE) Group
Published: June 2015

Background

Postoperative bleeding after heart operations is still a common finding, leading to allogeneic blood products transfusion. Fibrinogen and coagulation factors deficiency are possible determinants of bleeding. The experimental hypothesis of this study is that a first‐line fibrinogen supplementation avoids the need for fresh frozen plasma (
FFP
) and reduces the need for any kind of transfusions.

Methods and Results

This was a single‐center, prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded study. One‐hundred sixteen patients undergoing heart surgery with an expected cardiopulmonary bypass duration >90 minutes were admitted to the study. Patients in the treatment arm received fibrinogen concentrate after protamine administration; patients in the control arm received saline solution. In case of ongoing bleeding, patients in the treatment arm could receive prothrombin complex concentrates (
PCC
s) and those in the control arm saline solution. The primary endpoint was avoidance of any allogeneic blood product. Patients in the treatment arm had a significantly lower rate of any allogeneic blood products transfusion (odds ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.19 to 0.84,
P
=0.015). The total amount of packed red cells and
FFP
units transfused was significantly lower in the treatment arm. Postoperative bleeding was significantly (
P
=0.042) less in the treatment arm (median, 300 mL; interquartile range, 200 to 400 mL) than in the control arm (median, 355 mL; interquartile range, 250 to 600 mL).

Conclusions
Fibrinogen concentrate limits postoperative bleeding after complex heart surgery, leading to a significant reduction in allogeneic blood products transfusions. No safety issues were raised.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01471730.
Family History in Young Patients With Stroke
Authors: Thijs Vincent , Grittner Ulrike , Dichgans Martin , Enzinger Christian , Fazekas Franz , Giese Anne-Katrin , Kessler Christof , Kolodny Edwin , Kropp Peter , Martus Peter , Norrving Bo , Ringelstein Erich Bernd , Rothwell Peter M. , Schmidt Reinhold , Tanislav Christian , Tatlisumak Turgut , von Sarnowski Bettina , Rolfs Arndt 
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose—
Family history of stroke is an established risk factor for stroke. We evaluated whether family history of stroke predisposed to certain stroke subtypes and whether it differed by sex in young patients with stroke.

Methods—
We used data from the Stroke in Fabry Patients study, a large prospective, hospital-based, screening study for Fabry disease in young patients (aged <55 years) with stroke in whom cardiovascular risk factors and family history of stroke were obtained and detailed stroke subtyping was performed.

Results—

A family history of stroke was present in 1578 of 4232 transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke patients (37.3%). Female patients more often had a history of stroke in the maternal lineage (
P
=0.027) than in the paternal lineage. There was no association with stroke subtype according to Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment nor with the presence of white matter disease on brain imaging. Patients with dissection less frequently reported a family history of stroke (30.4% versus 36.3%;
P
=0.018). Patients with a parental history of stroke more commonly had siblings with stroke (3.6% versus 2.6%;
P
=0.047).

Conclusions—
Although present in about a third of patients, a family history of stroke is not specifically related to stroke pathogenic subtypes in patients with young stroke. Young women with stroke more often report stroke in the maternal lineage.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00414583.
Study of the Impact of Ice Formation in Leads upon the Sea Ice Pack Mass Balance Using a New Frazil and Grease Ice Parameterization
Authors: Wilchinsky Alexander V. , Heorton Harold D. B. S. , Feltham Daniel L. , Holland Paul R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLeads are cracks in sea ice that often form because of deformation. During winter months, leads expose the ocean to the cold atmosphere, resulting in supercooling and the formation of frazil ice crystals within the mixed layer. Here the authors investigate the role of frazil ice formation in leads on the mass balance of the sea ice pack through the incorporation of a new module into the Los Alamos sea ice model (CICE). The frazil ice module considers an initial cooling of leads followed by a steady-state formation of uniformly distributed single size frazil ice crystals that precipitate to the ocean surface as grease ice. The grease ice is pushed against one of the lead edges by wind and water drag that the authors represent through a variable collection thickness for new sea ice. Simulations of the sea ice cover in the Arctic and Antarctic are performed and compared to a model that treats leads the same as the open ocean. The processes of ice formation in the new module slow down the refreezing of leads, resulting in a longer period of frazil ice production. The fraction of frazil-derived sea ice increases from 10% to 50%, corresponding better to observations. The new module has higher ice formation rates in areas of high ice concentration and thus has a greater impact within multiyear ice than it does in the marginal seas. The thickness of sea ice in the central Arctic increases by over 0.5 m, whereas within the Antarctic it remains unchanged.
Significant-Hail-Producing Storms in Finland: Convective-Storm Environment and Mode
Authors: Tuovinen Jari-Petteri , Rauhala Jenni , Schultz David M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The environmental characteristics and convective mode of significant hailstorms (those storms producing reported hail 5 cm or larger in diameter) in Finland during 1972–2011 were analyzed. Altogether, 23 significant-hail-day environments were analyzed by modifying radiosonde data from proximity soundings in the observed data archives of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Convective parameters derived from the environmental soundings were compared between a set of significant-hail soundings and a null set of nonsevere-thunderstorm soundings. A subset of 13 significant-hail days was examined using data from a network of Doppler radars during 1999–2011. Convective-storm mode and storm characteristics (e.g., hook echo, bounded weak-echo region) were determined for the 18 significant-hail-producing storms during these days. Most (78%) of these storms producing significant hail in Finland occurred with supercells. Of the significant-hail days, 39% (9 out of 23) did not have the minimum of 15 m s−1 of deep-layer (0–6 km) shear commonly expected for supercells. Convective parameters of significant-hail and thunderstorm-day environments were substantially different from each other. Specifically, significant-hail environments had a mean most-unstable convective available potential energy (MUCAPE) of 1464 J kg−1 and deep-layer shear of 17.5 m s−1, whereas thunderstorm days had a MUCAPE of 593 J kg−1 and deep-layer shear of 10.2 m s−1. Larger hail was associated with higher values of MUCAPE. The lifetimes and track lengths of significant-hail-producing storms were related to the convective mode and storm environment. Specifically, larger deep-layer shear seemed to support longer lifetimes and track lengths. Nonsupercells had shorter lifetimes, shorter stormtrack lengths, and lower speeds than supercells. The value of deep-layer shear was smaller for nonsupercells than for supercells. Discrete supercells had higher speeds, longer lifetimes, and longer track lengths than cluster supercells.
The Struggle for Life
Authors: Toledo Víctor M. , Garrido David , Barrera-Bassols Narciso 
Published: June 2015

The global expansion of the neoliberal model is most forcefully expressed in the processes of social, cultural, and environmental predation undertaken by corporations in the so-called Global South. Three pertinent processes are taking place in Mexico: (1) an increase in socio-environmental conflicts, mainly in rural areas and in predominantly indigenous territories; (2) the proliferation of citizen resistance of an essentially communal, municipal, or micro-regional nature; and (3) increased violence against these resistance movements by the government across its three levels (federal, state, and municipal) in complicity (or not) with companies and corporations that are trying to implement projects that damage natural resources, affect the quality of the environment, and destroy cultures and the social fabric. La expansión mundial del modelo neoliberal se expresa con mayor fuerza en los procesos de depredación ecológica, social y cultural que las corporaciones realizan en el llamado Sur Global. Tres procesos de la realidad mexicana ilustran lo anterior: (1) el creciente aumento de los conflictos socio-ambientales, principalmente en las áreas rurales y predominantemente en los territorios indígenas; (2) la multiplicación de las resistencias ciudadanas, esencialmente de carácter comunitario, municipal o micro-regional; y (3) el aumento de la violencia contra esos movimientos de resistencia, llevados a cabo por gobiernos en sus tres niveles (federal, estatal y municipal) en complicidad (o no) con las empresas y corporaciones que intentan implementar proyectos que dilapidan los recursos naturales y/o la calidad del ambiente y que provocan destrucción de culturas y tejido social.
Decellularized Versus Fresh-Frozen Allografts in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Dong Shikui , Huangfu Xiaoqiao , Xie Guoming , Zhang Yang , Shen Peng , Li Xiaoxi , Qi Jin , Zhao Jinzhong 
Published: June 2015

Background: The common fresh-frozen allografts that are used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions behave slower during the remodeling process and produce weaker tendon-bone integrations than do autografts. Decellularization of allogenic tendons results in a clean and porous collagen scaffold with low antigenicity and high compatibility, which may be more suitable for ACL reconstructions. Hypothesis: Allograft decellularization will result in a tissue structure with suitable mechanical characteristics for ACL reconstruction, thereby promoting graft remodeling and enhancing tendon-bone healing. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Decellularized allograft tissues were prepared with a pH-modified decellularization process and evaluated for their biocompatibility and biomechanical character in vitro. Eighty New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 2 groups, with 40 in each group, to receive ACL reconstruction with either fresh-frozen (common) allografts or decellularized allografts on both knees. At 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively, the rabbits were euthanized for biomechanical testing, micro–computed tomography analysis, and histologic analysis. Results: The pH-modified decellularized allograft tissues kept excellent biocompatibility and biomechanical character during the in vitro study. Biomechanical testing indicated that the decellularized allograft had significantly higher ultimate load ( P = .02) and stiffness ( P = .01) levels than the common allograft at 12 weeks, and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups at any other time point. The micro-CT evaluation determined significantly higher bone mineral density ( P < .01) in the decellularized allograft group than that in the common allograft group at 12 weeks, but no difference between the 2 groups was observed at any other time point. Regarding bone volume/total volume, there was no difference between the 2 groups at any time point. Fibroblast ingrowths, vascular formation, and connective tissue formation in the tendon-bone interface were better in the decellularized group within 8 weeks. New bone formation was more common in the decellularized allograft group. The collagen birefringence was restored more quickly in the decellularized allograft group than in the common allograft group at all time points. Conclusion: The use of pH-modified decellularized allografts compared with the common allografts resulted in better cellularity, vascularity, collagen matrix remolding, new bone formation around the graft, enhanced tendon-bone healing, and higher ultimate failure load and stiffness of the graft after ACL reconstruction in the rabbit model. Clinical Relevance: The pH-modified decellularized allograft may be a better graft option than the common fresh-frozen allograft for knee ligament reconstructions.
Calibration Adjustment of the Mid-infrared Analyzer for an Accurate Determination of the Macronutrient Composition of Human Milk
Authors: Billard Hélène , Simon Laure , Desnots Emmanuelle , Sochard Agnès , Boscher Cécile , Riaublanc Alain , Alexandre-Gouabau Marie-Cécile , Boquien Clair-Yves 
Published: June 2015

Background: Human milk composition analysis seems essential to adapt human milk fortification for preterm neonates. The Miris human milk analyzer (HMA), based on mid-infrared methodology, is convenient for a unique determination of macronutrients. However, HMA measurements are not totally comparable with reference methods (RMs). Objective: The primary aim of this study was to compare HMA results with results from biochemical RMs for a large range of protein, fat, and carbohydrate contents and to establish a calibration adjustment. Methods: Human milk was fractionated in protein, fat, and skim milk by covering large ranges of protein (0-3 g/100 mL), fat (0-8 g/100 mL), and carbohydrate (5-8 g/100 mL). For each macronutrient, a calibration curve was plotted by linear regression using measurements obtained using HMA and RMs. Results: For fat, 53 measurements were performed, and the linear regression equation was HMA = 0.79RM + 0.28 ( R2 = 0.92). For true protein (29 measurements), the linear regression equation was HMA = 0.9RM + 0.23 ( R2 = 0.98). For carbohydrate (15 measurements), the linear regression equation was HMA = 0.59RM + 1.86 ( R2 = 0.95). A homogenization step with a disruptor coupled to a sonication step was necessary to obtain better accuracy of the measurements. Good repeatability (coefficient of variation < 7%) and reproducibility (coefficient of variation < 17%) were obtained after calibration adjustment. Conclusion: New calibration curves were developed for the Miris HMA, allowing accurate measurements in large ranges of macronutrient content. This is necessary for reliable use of this device in individualizing nutrition for preterm newborns.
Professional values of nurse lecturers at three universities in Colombia
Authors: López-Pereira Arabely , Arango-Bayer Gloria 
Published: June 2015

Objective: To describe the professional values of the nurse lectures according to 241 nursing students, who participated voluntarily, in three different universities of Bogotá. Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study that applied the Nurses Professional Values Scale—permission secured—Spanish; three dimensions of values were applied: ethics, commitment, and professional knowledge. Ethical consideration: Project had ethical review and approval from an ethics committee and participants were given information sheets to read before they agreed to participate in the project. Findings: It was concluded that nursing students, in general, do perceive these values in their professors, and they give priority to the dimension of ethics, followed by the knowledge dimension, and finally, commitment. Discussion: It is evident that professional values are transmitted by professors and students place importance to such values. Values related to the other’s care are paramount in nursing training in Colombia as well as in other countries. Conclusion: It was found that participating students observed professors directly in relation to values focused on direct patient care, respect for privacy, respect for life, while matters related to professional improvement, participation in unions were not actually analyzed may be due to poor promotion activities and unions during undergraduate studies. The results obtained are primary approach to the study of values related to nursing, a topic which needs to be researched, something vital to all the country offering nursing training programs.
Solving work-related ethical problems
Authors: Laukkanen Laura , Suhonen Riitta , Leino-Kilpi Helena 
Published: June 2015

Background: Nurse managers are responsible for solving work-related ethical problems to promote a positive ethical culture in healthcare organizations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the activities that nurse managers use to solve work-related ethical problems. The ultimate aim was to enhance the ethical awareness of all nurse managers. Research Design: The data for this descriptive cross-sectional survey were analyzed through inductive content analysis and quantification. Participants and research context: The data were collected in 2011 using a questionnaire that included an open-ended question and background factors. Participants were nurse managers working in Finnish healthcare organizations (n = 122). Ethical considerations: Permission for the study was given by the Finnish Association of Academic Managers and Experts of Health Sciences. Findings: Nurse managers identified a variety of activities they use to solve work-related ethical problems: discussion (30%), cooperation (25%), work organization (17%), intervention (10%), personal values (9%), operational models (4%), statistics and feedback (4%), and personal examples (1%). However, these activities did not follow any common or systematic model. Discussion and conclusion: In the future, nurse managers need a more systematic approach to solve ethical problems. It is important to establish new kinds of ethics structures in organizations, such as a common, systematic ethical decision-making model and an ethics club for nurse manager problems, to support nurse managers in solving work-related ethical problems.
The value of a new image classification system for planning treatment and prognosis of spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection
Authors: Xiong Jiang , Wu Zhongyin , Guo Wei , Liu Xiaoping , Wang Lijun , Zhang Hongpeng , Jia Xin , Ma Xiaohui 
Published: June 2015

Objective To aid diagnosis of spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection and planning management, we investigated the role of classification of features as observed on computed tomography angiography images. Methods A retrospective study was conducted, comprising computed tomography angiography images and clinical data of 28 consecutive patients with spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection. Based on the computed tomography angiography images, a new classification for spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection was proposed. Patients with intestinal ischemia not relieved or worsened after 10 days of conservative treatment underwent surgery or stenting. All patients were followed up with computed tomography angiography. Results Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection was categorized into five types (I–V). Type III was further divided into subtypes IIIa–IIIc. Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection IIIa and IV typified nine (32.1%) and seven (25%) patients, respectively. Six (21.4%) patients had aortic or branch artery abnormalities and 21 (78%) showed prior intestinal ischemia. Four (14.3%) patients had intestinal ischemia and underwent surgery or stenting. Conclusions Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection type IIIa is more likely to occur than other types. Long-term computed tomography angiography follow-up is valuable for determining treatment strategy for spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection. Conservative therapy with anticoagulants is recommended for five days, and surgery or stenting should be considered if symptoms of intestinal ischemia are not relieved. Stent implantation provides relatively satisfactory mid-term outcome for true lumen construction of the superior mesenteric artery.
Surgical treatment of acute distal radioulnar joint instability associated with distal radius fractures
Authors: Gong H. S. , Cho H. E. , Kim J. , Kim M. B. , Lee Y. H. , Baek G. H. 
Published: June 2015

This study investigates the question of whether open repair of acute distal radioulnar joint instability at the time of volar plating of distal radius fractures would enable early mobilization of the wrist without the risk of distal radioulnar joint instability. We evaluated 29 patients of mean age 53 years with a distal radius fracture and acute distal radioulnar joint instability who underwent volar plating of the radius combined with surgical repair of the triangular fibrocartilage complex or an ulnar styloid base fracture, followed by active motion exercise of the wrist at 1 week after surgery. At 1 year after treatment, all patients had a stable distal radioulnar joint and grip strength averaged 90% of the normal side. This study demonstrates that surgical repair of the triangular fibrocartilage complex or ulnar styloid fracture followed by early mobilization did not result in distal radioulnar joint instability, and suggests that the surgical treatment of distal radioulnar joint instability may permit early mobilization of the wrist in patients who are considered suitable for rapid rehabilitation after surgery. Type of study: Therapeutic Level IV