bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressing Vertical Displacement of Lithiated Silicon Particles in High Volumetric Capacity Battery Electrodes
Authors: Yu Denis Y. W. , Zhao Ming , Hoster Harry E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSilicon is a potential high‐capacity anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. However, large volume changes in the material remains a bottleneck to its commercialization. Many works have been devoted to nanostructured composites with voids to accommodate the volume expansion. Yet, the full capability of silicon cannot be utilized, because these nanostructured electrodes have low volumetric capacities. Herein, we redesign dense silicon electrodes with three times the volumetric capacity of graphite. In situ electrochemical dilatometry reveals that the electrode thickness change is nonlinear as a function of state of charge and highly affected by the electrode composition. One key problem is the large vertical displacement of the silicon particles during lithiation, which leads to irreversible particle detachment and electrode porosity increase. Better reversibility in electrode thickness changes can be achieved by using polyimide, with a higher modulus and larger ultimate elongation, as the binder, leading to better cycle stability.
Nitrate Anion Recognition in Organic–Aqueous Solvent Mixtures by a Bis(triazolium)acridine‐Containing [2]Rotaxane
Authors: Martí‐Centelles Vicente , Beer Paul D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of a novel [2]rotaxane host system containing a bis(triazolium)acridine‐based axle component is reported. 1H NMR anion‐binding titrations reveal that the rotaxane is able to recognise selectively the NO3− anion over a range of more basic oxoanions (AcO−, HCO3− and H2PO4−) in a competitive organic–aqueous solvent mixture.
Structural and Solubility Parameter Correlations of Gelation Abilities for Dihydroxylated Derivatives of Long‐Chain, Naturally Occurring Fatty Acids
Authors: Zhang Mohan , Selvakumar Sermadurai , Zhang Xinran , Sibi Mukund P. , Weiss Richard G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCreating structure–property correlations at different distance scales is one of the important challenges to the rational design of molecular gelators. Here, a series of dihydroxylated derivatives of long‐chain fatty acids, derived from three naturally occurring molecules—oleic, erucic and ricinoleic acids—are investigated as gelators of a wide variety of liquids. Conclusions about what constitutes a more (or less!) efficient gelator are based upon analyses of a variety of thermal, structural, molecular modeling, and rheological results. Correlations between the manner of molecular packing in the neat solid or gel states of the gelators and Hansen solubility data from the liquids leads to the conclusion that diol stereochemistry, the number of carbon atoms separating the two hydroxyl groups, and the length of the alkanoic chains are the most important structural parameters controlling efficiency of gel formation for these gelators. Some of the diol gelators are as efficient or even more efficient than the well‐known, excellent gelator, (R)‐12‐hydroxystearic acid; others are much worse. The ability to form extensive intermolecular H‐bonding networks along the alkyl chains appears to play a key role in promoting fiber growth and, thus, gelation. In toto, the results demonstrate how the efficiency of gelation can be modulated by very small structural changes and also suggest how other structural modifications may be exploited to create efficient gelators.
Hierarchical Assembly of Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Authors: Hamon Cyrille , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this Minireview, we summarize recent advances in the ordering of plasmonic nanoparticles over extended areas on solid substrates. The spotlight is thus focused on examples showing one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional assemblies, with a particular attention on assemblies displaying hierarchical order. Throughout the manuscript we identify the main parameters and methods that can be tuned to achieve long range organization.
Chiral Iminophosphoranes—An Emerging Class of Superbase Organocatalysts
Authors: Krawczyk Henryk , Dzięgielewski Marek , Deredas Dariusz , Albrecht Anna , Albrecht Łukasz 
Published: April 2015

AbstractChiral Brønsted base catalysis is a fascinating and highly explored field of research. For many years catalysts based on chincona alkaloid chiral scaffolds have constituted privileged systems widely employed in numerous base‐promoted organic transformations. Recently, a novel group of chiral base catalysts has been successfully introduced. The application of organosuperbases, namely cyclopropenimines, guanidines, and iminophosphoranes, as chiral catalysts is receiving increasing attention. The aim of this Concept article is to summarize recent progress in the field of chiral iminophosphorane superbase organocatalysis. Catalysts design, different approaches to their synthesis, and applications in asymmetric synthesis are outlined and discussed in detail.
Lithium Storage in Heat‐Treated SnF2/Polyacrylonitrile Anode
Authors: Shen Lian , Shen Lanyao , Wang Zhaoxiang , Chen Liquan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTin(II) fluoride (SnF2) has a high Li‐storage capacity because it stores lithium first by a conversion reaction and then by a Li/Sn alloying/dealloying reaction. A polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐bound SnF2electrode was heat‐treated to enhance the integral electrical contact and the mechanical strength through its cross‐linked framework. The heat‐treated SnF2electrode showed reversible capacities of 1047 mAh g−1in the first cycle and 902 mAh g−1after 100 cycles. Part of the excess capacity is due to lithium storage at the Sn/LiF interface, and the other part is assumed to correspond to the presence of reduced SnF2with protons released during the thermal cross‐linking of PAN.
From‐Core and From‐End Direct CH Arylations: A Step‐Saving New Synthetic Route to Thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (TPD)‐Incorporated D‐‐π–A–π–D Functional Oligoaryls
Authors: Lin Po‐Han , Liu Kuan‐Ting , Liu Ching‐Yuan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn contrast to the traditional multistep synthesis, herein an efficient and fewer‐steps new synthetic strategy is demonstrated for the facile preparation of organic‐electronically important D–π–A–π–D‐type oligoaryls through sequential direct CH arylations. This methodology has shown that the synthesis of thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (TPD)‐ or furano[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (FPD)‐centred target molecules could be accessed step‐economically either from the core structure (acceptor) or from the end structure (donor), which supplied a more flexible and succinct new synthetic alternative to the preparation of the π‐functional small‐molecule semiconducting materials. In addition, optical and electrochemical properties of the synthesized oligoaryls were examined.
Radical‐Induced Metal‐Free Alkynylation of Aldehydes by Direct CH Activation
Authors: Liu Xuesong , Yu Linqian , Luo Mupeng , Zhu Jidong , Wei Wanguo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA direct C(sp2)H alkynylation of aldehyde C(O)H bonds with hypervalent iodine alkynylation reagents provides ynones under metal‐free conditions. In this method, 1‐[(triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl]‐1,2‐benziodoxol‐3(1H)‐one (TIPS‐EBX) constitutes an efficient alkynylation reagent for the introduction of the triple bond. The substrate scope is extended to a variety of (hetero)aromatic, aliphatic, and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
Development and validation of the Penn Arthralgia Aging Scale among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Brier Moriah J. , Chambless Dianne L. , Lee Laura , Mao Jun J. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDBreast cancer survivors on aromatase inhibitors often experience joint pain as a side effect of their treatment; qualitative investigations suggest that this arthralgia may cause women to feel that they are aging faster than they should be. To facilitate further study of this experience, the Penn Arthralgia Aging Scale (PAAS) was developed. This report describes the development and validation of the PAAS in a racially diverse sample of breast cancer survivors suffering from joint pain.METHODSThe items of the scale were developed from a content analysis of interviews with patients. The scale was pilot‐tested, and modifications were made on the basis of patient feedback. Subsequently, 596 breast cancer survivors who endorsed joint pain completed the 8‐item PAAS. The factor structure (with exploratory factor analysis), the internal consistency, and the convergent, divergent, and incremental validity were examined.RESULTSThe resulting scale had a 1‐factor structure with strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .94) and demonstrated both convergent and divergent validity: the PAAS was significantly correlated with joint pain severity (rs = 0.55, P < .01) and had a small and nonsignificant correlation with actual age (rs = –0.07, P = .10). The PAAS was also found to explain incremental variance in anxiety, depression, and pain interference outcomes.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that the PAAS produces reliable and valid scores that capture perceptions of aging due to arthralgia among breast cancer survivors. With further research, the PAAS may advance our understanding of how perceptions of aging may affect breast cancer survivors' emotional, behavioral, and clinical outcomes. Cancer 2015;121:2808‐2813. © 2015 American Cancer Society
Use and impact of intermittent versus continuous systemic treatment strategies in metastatic colorectal cancer in routine practice
Authors: Kay Amin , Yun Lingsong , Taback Nathan , Krzyzanowska Monika K. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDRandomized trials have shown that intermittent treatment may reduce toxicity without compromising survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A population‐based study examined patterns of use of chemotherapy‐free intervals (CFIs) in routine practice in Ontario and their impact on survival and toxicity.METHODSPatients treated with first‐line intravenous chemotherapy for mCRC in Ontario between 2007 and 2009 were identified from administrative data. A CFI was defined as more than 56 days between 2 chemotherapy doses. A propensity score analysis was used to compare the survival of patients with CFIs and patients without CFIs, stratified by the type of first‐line treatment: irinotecan (IRI), irinotecan plus bevacizumab (IRI‐B), and oxaliplatin (OX). Toxicity was estimated on the basis of the rate of emergency room visits and hospitalizations.RESULTSThere were 1989 patients who started first‐line chemotherapy for mCRC in Ontario between 2007 and 2009, and 489 (25%) had at least 1 CFI. The median time to the first CFI was 155 days (interquartile range, 82‐217 days). There was no difference in survival for the propensity score–matched patients with or without CFIs in the IRI (hazard ratio [HR], 0.93; P = .70) and OX groups (HR, 0.73; P = .06). Survival was worse in the CFI group for patients treated with IRI‐B (HR, 1.28; P = .03). Toxicity was lower for patients with at least 1 CFI (0.17 vs 0.25 acute visits per person‐month of treatment, P = .007), although the magnitude varied with the treatment type.CONCLUSIONSIntermittent treatment strategies are being used in routine practice for patients with mCRC. The impact on survival and toxicity varies with the type of first‐line chemotherapy. Cancer 2015;121:2791‐2798. © 2015 American Cancer Society
Molecular analysis of residual ThinPrep material from thyroid FNAs increases diagnostic sensitivity
Authors: Krane Jeffrey F. , Cibas Edmund S. , Alexander Erik K. , Paschke Ralf , Eszlinger Markus 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDMolecular testing for genetic alterations associated with malignancy is a potential triage approach for thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) samples with indeterminate cytology. Because liquid‐based FNA material allows for efficient RNA extraction, the authors analyzed residual material for common point mutations and rearrangements.METHODSThyroid FNAs were classified according to The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology after routine ThinPrep slide preparation. Residual samples from malignant and indeterminate cases were submitted for molecular analysis, along with a random cohort of nondiagnostic and benign aspirates. Blinded analysis of BRAF and RAS point mutations and RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements was correlated with subsequent follow‐up.RESULTSAdequate results were obtained in 402 of 597 cases (67%). Mutations or rearrangements were detected in 24 of 117 cytologically indeterminate specimens (21%) (17 RAS rearrangements, 6 BRAF rearrangements, and 1 PAX8/PPARγ rearrangement). BRAF mutations were preferentially associated with malignant cytologic diagnoses (22 of 42 cases; 52%), with less frequent detection in the suspicious for malignancy category (4 of 27 cases; 15%) and very low detection in all other categories (1%‐4%). Surgical follow‐up confirmed malignancy in all 21 BRAF‐mutated cases, 42% of RAS‐mutated cases (10 of 24 cases), and 37% of cases with no detected mutation (39 of 105 cases).CONCLUSIONSMolecular analysis is feasible on residual ThinPrep material with the advantage of not requiring additional FNA procedures. The majority of BRAF mutations are identified in cases classified cytologically as malignant, and, to a lesser extent, as suspicious for malignancy. The usefulness of BRAF testing is limited by the low rate of BRAF‐positive cases in other categories, thereby highlighting the need to identify other genetic drivers of clinically aggressive thyroid cancers. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:356–61. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Sociality and the telencephalic distribution of corticotrophin‐releasing factor, urocortin 3, and binding sites for CRF type 1 and type 2 receptors: A comparative study of eusocial naked mole‐rats and solitary Cape mole‐rats
Authors: Coen Clive W. , Kalamatianos Theodosis , Oosthuizen Maria K. , Poorun Ravi , Faulkes Christopher G. , Bennett Nigel C. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTVarious aspects of social behavior are influenced by the highly conserved corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides and receptors in the mammalian telencephalon. This study has mapped and compared the telencephalic distribution of the CRF receptors, CRF1 and CRF2, and two of their ligands, CRF and urocortin 3, respectively, in African mole‐rat species with diametrically opposed social behavior. Naked mole‐rats live in large eusocial colonies that are characterized by exceptional levels of social cohesion, tolerance, and cooperation in burrowing, foraging, defense, and alloparental care for the offspring of the single reproductive female. Cape mole‐rats are solitary; they tolerate conspecifics only fleetingly during the breeding season. The telencephalic sites at which the level of CRF1 binding in naked mole‐rats exceeds that in Cape mole‐rats include the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, hippocampal CA3 subfield, and dentate gyrus; in contrast, the level is greater in Cape mole‐rats in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and medial habenular nucleus. For CRF2 binding, the sites with a greater level in naked mole‐rats include the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus and dentate gyrus, but the septohippocampal nucleus, lateral septal nuclei, amygdalostriatal transition area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial habenular nucleus display a greater level in Cape mole‐rats. The results are discussed with reference to neuroanatomical and behavioral studies of various species, including monogamous and promiscuous voles. By analogy with findings in those species, we speculate that the abundance of CRF1 binding in the nucleus accumbens of Cape mole‐rats reflects their lack of affiliative behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2344–2371, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Constructing scalable Internet of Things services based on their event‐driven models
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chen Jun‐liang 
Published: April 2015

SummaryEven though many IoT (Internet of Things) applications have been implemented based on distributed events, how to construct scalable IoT services is still unclear. In this paper, we first discuss representing physical entities as IoT resources in the cyber world and integrate them into IoT services and then use an event session mechanism to express the coordination logic in an IoT service system. Given their event‐driven models, the scalable IoT services are constructed through decoupling one service at behavior from others, where running atomic service instances with high concurrency is our first focus, and distributed execution of an IoT business process is our second focus. Our last focus is to make each distributed business process execution unit hold its properties in the whole process, which requires modeling the environment as a prerequisite to compute its properties, and some assume‐guarantee rules for composing the services from the environment's perspective. We then propose a platform to support the construction, where according to the behavior decoupling features, one IoT business process is decomposed into pieces of event composition logic and business computation logic, together with separating the data dependency of computation functions in each process fragment, such that it can be concurrently executed and distributed. A practical application is implemented to concept‐prove our work. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Globus Galaxies platform: delivering science gateways as a service
Authors: Madduri Ravi , Chard Kyle , Chard Ryan , Lacinski Lukasz , Rodriguez Alex , Sulakhe Dinanath , Kelly David , Dave Utpal , Foster Ian 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe use of public cloud computers to host sophisticated scientific data and software is transforming scientific practice by enabling broad access to capabilities previously available only to the few. The primary obstacle to more widespread use of public clouds to host scientific software (‘cloud‐based science gateways’) has thus far been the considerable gap between the specialized needs of science applications and the capabilities provided by cloud infrastructures. We describe here a domain‐independent, cloud‐based science gateway platform, the Globus Galaxies platform, which overcomes this gap by providing a set of hosted services that directly address the needs of science gateway developers. The design and implementation of this platform leverages our several years of experience with Globus Genomics, a cloud‐based science gateway that has served more than 200 genomics researchers across 30 institutions. Building on that foundation, we have implemented a platform that leverages the popular Galaxy system for application hosting and workflow execution; Globus services for data transfer, user and group management, and authentication; and a cost‐aware elastic provisioning model specialized for public cloud resources. We describe here the capabilities and architecture of this platform, present six scientific domains in which we have successfully applied it, report on user experiences, and analyze the economics of our deployments. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Communication‐aware thread mapping using the translation lookaside buffer
Authors: Cruz Eduardo H. M. , Diener Matthias , Navaux Philippe O. A. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThreads of parallel applications need to communicate in order to fulfill their tasks. The communication performance between the cores in modern multi‐core architectures differs because of the memory and interconnection hierarchies. In these architectures, it is important to map the threads of parallel applications by taking into account the communication between them, to improve their performance and energy consumption. In parallel applications based on shared memory, communication is implicit, which makes it difficult to detect the communication pattern between the threads.In this paper, we introduce a new lightweight mechanism to detect the communication pattern between threads of shared memory applications using the translation lookaside buffer. Our mechanism relies on hardware features, which make it transparent to the programmer and allow the detection to be performed by the operating system during the execution of the application. We also developed a heuristic mapping algorithm that uses the detected pattern to dynamically map the threads to cores. Experiments were performed with applications from the NAS‐OMP and PARSEC parallel benchmark suites in a simulated machine as well as a real machine. Results show that our mechanism can substantially improve parallel application performance, as well as processor and DRAM energy consumption. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and analysis of performances for concurrent multithread applications on multicore and graphics processing unit systems
Authors: Cerotti D. , Gribaudo M. , Iacono M. , Piazzolla P. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe capabilities of multicore processors lead them to be widely adopted in systems at any scale, since their are able to provide more computing power at a lower consumption and dissipation cost. System designers are challenged to a deeper understanding of multicore functioning in order to fully exploit them while keeping the optimal balance between cores utilization and optimal throughput, response time and energy usage.Besides the advancement of general purpose CPUs, the same technological evolution leads to the rise of GPUs, dramatic evolution of graphical coprocessors, that are now affordable, efficient, dedicated computing units, capable of parallel computing and equipped with facilities that make them suited for supporting the main CPU of a system in running ordinary applications. The availability of commercial off‐the‐shelf (COTS) multicore computers, eventually equipped with one or more GPUs, makes them the basic building block of data centers devoted to cloud applications or scientific computing.The way to optimal exploitation of such a wide amount of computing power passes through the ability of matching the best scheduling of hardware resources with the software characteristics of the applications. This requires appropriate models and evaluation methods.Simulation and analytical techniques are essential tools to support the design and the management process of such architectures, but a sound characterization of the workloads is required. Typical workloads consist in multithreaded applications, with different characteristics, that dynamically span over the cores of multiple machines, connected by fast networks.In this paper we propose several parametric performance models for different configurations of multicore machines, with or without GPU support, running multiple class multithreaded applications, aiming to supply a detailed modeling help for complex data centers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semantic analysis in location privacy preserving
Authors: Xiong Ping , Zhang Lefeng , Zhu Tianqing 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWith the increasing use of location‐based services, location privacy has recently started raising serious concerns. Location perturbation and obfuscation are most widely used for location privacy preserving. To protect a user from being identified, a cloaked spatial region that contains other k − 1 nearest neighbors of the user is submitted to the location‐based service provider, instead of the accurate position. In this paper, we consider the location‐aware applications that services are different among regions. In such scenarios, the semantic distance between users should be considered besides the Euclidean distance for searching the neighbors of a user. We define a novel distance measurement that combines the semantic and the Euclidean distance to address the privacy‐preserving issue in the aforementioned applications. We also present an algorithm kNNH to implement our proposed method. Moreover, we conduct performance study experiments on the proposed algorithm. The experimental results further suggest that the proposed distance metric and the algorithm can successfully retain the utility of the location services while preserving users' privacy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.