bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional association of physical activity levels with risks of sarcopenia among older Taiwanese adults
Authors: Tsai Chi-Hsuan , Liao Yung , Chang Shao-Hsi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The updated World Health Organization 2020 guidelines strongly recommend an optimal physical activity level of 150–300 min/week for older adults. However, few studies have examined the relationship between different levels of physical activity and sarcopenia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional associations between overall physical activity levels, gender, intensity, and the risk of sarcopenia among older Taiwanese adults.

Methods
A nationwide cross-sectional telephone survey of older adults (≥ 65 years) was conducted in Taiwan from October 2019 to January 2020. Participants were interviewed to collect self-reported data on their level of physical activity (measured by the Taiwanese version of the IPAQ-SF), sarcopenia risk (measured by the SARC-F questionnaire), and sociodemographics.

Results
A total of 1068 older adults were surveyed. Compared with the optimal physical activity level recommendations in the WHO guidelines and after adjusting for potential confounders and proposing an association independent of sedentary behavior, older adults with insufficient physical activity levels (< 150 min/week) were more likely to have a higher risk of sarcopenia (OR: 3.24; CI: 1.67–6.27), whereas older adults who exceeded physical activity guidelines (> 300 min/week) were more likely to have a lower risk of sarcopenia (OR: 0.39; CI: 0.20–0.78). Maintaining moderate-intensity physical activity is essential for older adults, as physical activity that exceeds the guidelines can significantly lower the risk of sarcopenia; meanwhile, insufficient physical activity can greatly increase it. Also, there seems to be a similar association between sarcopenia risk across different physical activity levels in vigorous-intensity physical activities in older adults. However, due to the small number of sarcopenia-risk participants who met or exceeded vigorous-intensity physical activity levels, further comparisons between different vigorous-intensity physical activity levels did not show significant differences in sarcopenia risk. Additionally, insufficient physical activity was found to be an important risk factor for sarcopenia in both genders, while physical activity that exceeded the guidelines prevented sarcopenia in females.

Conclusions
The findings of this study highlight the potential dose-response relationship related to physical activity. The 2020 WHO guidelines provide the public with minimum recommendations for physical activity. However, exceeding these recommended levels appears to be more effective in preventing sarcopenia in older adults and may offer even greater health benefits. Future research should further explore whether exceeding these guidelines could result in additional health benefits.
Using polygenic scores in combination with symptom rating scales to identify attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Høberg André , Solberg Berit Skretting , Hegvik Tor-Arne , Haavik Jan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The inclusion of biomarkers could improve diagnostic accuracy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One potential biomarker is the ADHD polygenic score (PGS), a measure of genetic liability for ADHD. This study aimed to investigate if the ADHD PGS can provide additional information alongside ADHD rating scales and examination of family history of ADHD to distinguish between ADHD cases and controls.

Methods
Polygenic scores were calculated for 576 adults with ADHD and 530 ethnically matched controls. ADHD PGS was used alongside scores from the Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) as predictors of ADHD diagnosis in a set of nested logistic regression models. These models were compared by likelihood ratio (LR) tests, Akaike information criterion corrected for small samples (AICc), and Lee R². These analyses were repeated with family history of ADHD as a covariate in all models.

Results
The ADHD PGS increased the variance explained of the ASRS by 0.58% points (pp) (R2ASRS = 61.11%, R2ASRS + PGS=61.69%), the WURS by 0.61pp (R2WURS = 77.33%, R2WURS + PGS= 77.94%), of ASRS and WURS together by 0.57pp (R2ASRS + WURS=80.84%, R2ASRS + WURS+PGS=81.40%), and of self-reported family history by 1.40pp (R2family = 28.06%, R2family + PGS=29.46%). These increases were statistically significant, as measured by LR tests and AICc.

Conclusion
We found that the ADHD PGS contributed additional information to common diagnostic aids. However, the increase in variance explained was small, suggesting that the ADHD PGS is currently not a clinically useful diagnostic aid. Future studies should examine the utility of ADHD PGS in ADHD prediction alongside non-genetic risk factors, and the diagnostic utility of the ADHD PGS should be evaluated as more genetic data is accumulated and computational tools are further refined.
A longitudinal pilot study examining the influence of the orthodontic system chosen in adult patients (brackets versus aligners) on oral health-related quality of life and anxiety
Authors: Correa Laura , Albaladejo Alberto , Curto Adrián 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
In recent years, the demand for orthodontic treatment with aligners has increased, led by patient need, as aligners typically provide them with improved aesthetics and less physical discomfort. In deciding with the patient on an appropriate orthodontic system, it is important to take into account the potential discomfort and the perceptions that patients have in relation to their treatment. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of brackets or aligners on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and anxiety levels in a sample of adult patients during the first month of treatment.

Methods
The pilot study was carried out at the Dental Clinic of the University of Salamanca between November 2023 and February 2024. Eighty adult patients who initiated orthodontic treatment were selected and divided into two groups: the brackets group (Victory®; 3 M Unitek, California, USA) (n = 40) and the aligners group (Invisalign®; Align Technology, California, USA) (n = 40). OHRQoL was analyzed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire, and anxiety was analyzed using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The follow-up time was one month, with scores recorded at the beginning (T0) and one month after starting treatment (T1).

Results
The mean patient age was 33.70 (± 5.45) years old. The total sample (n = 80) consisted of 66.2% men and 33.8% women. In the brackets group, one month after starting treatment, the dimension with the highest impact was that of physical pain (5.62 ± 1.51). In the aligners group, where the dimension of psychological disability had the highest score (4.22 ± 1.02). In the brackets group the total OHIP score was higher at one month (T1) (33.98 ± 6.81) than at the start of treatment (T0) (21.80 ± 3.34); this greater impact on OHRQoL one month after starting treatment was not observed in the aligners group (T1 = 27.33 ± 6.83; T0 = 27.33 ± 6.22). The orthodontic system used did not influence participants’ anxiety (p > 0.05). Age and sex were not influential factors in either OHRQoL or anxiety.

Conclusions
The bracket system significantly influenced patients’ OHRQoL. In the sample studied, no influence of the orthodontic system (brackets versus aligners) on anxiety was observed.
Development and usability testing of an online support tool to identify models and frameworks to inform implementation
Authors: Strifler Lisa , Fahim Christine , Hillmer Michael P. , Barnsley Jan M. , Straus Sharon E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Theories, models and frameworks (TMFs) are useful when implementing, evaluating and sustaining healthcare evidence-based interventions. Yet it can be challenging to identify an appropriate TMF for an implementation project. We developed and tested the usability of an online tool to help individuals who are doing or supporting implementation practice activities to identify appropriate models and/or frameworks to inform their work.

Methods
We used methods guided by models and evidence on implementation science and user-centered design. Phases of tool development included applying findings from a scoping review of TMFs and interviews with 24 researchers/implementers on barriers and facilitators to identifying and selecting TMFs. Based on interview findings, we categorized the TMFs by aim, stage of implementation, and target level of change to inform the tool’s algorithm. We then conducted interviews with 10 end-users to test the usability of the prototype tool and administered the System Usability Scale (SUS). Usability issues were addressed and incorporated into the tool.

Results
We developed Find TMF, an online tool consisting of 3–4 questions about the user’s implementation project. The tool’s algorithm matches key characteristics of the user’s project (aim, stage, target change level) with characteristics of different TMFs and presents a list of candidate models/frameworks. Ten individuals from Canada or Australia participated in usability testing (mean SUS score 84.5, standard deviation 11.4). Overall, participants found the tool to be simple, easy to use and visually appealing with a useful output of candidate models/frameworks to consider for an implementation project. Users wanted additional instruction and guidance on what to expect from the tool and how to use the information in the output table. Tool improvements included incorporating an overview figure outlining the tool steps and output, displaying the tool questions on a single page, and clarifying the available functions of the results page, including adding direct links to the glossary and to complementary tools.

Conclusions
Find TMF is an easy-to-use online tool that may benefit individuals who support implementation practice activities by making the vast number of models and frameworks more accessible, while also supporting a consistent approach to identifying and selecting relevant TMFs.
Incident of violence escalation of patients with psychiatric emergencies boarding in the emergency department in the central region of Thailand and its association: a prospective observational study
Authors: Khlaisuk Aungsana , Seeherunwong Acharaporn , Utriyaprasit Ketsarin , Poungkaew Autchariya , Tongsai Sasima 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
This study investigates the incidence of violence escalation among psychiatric emergency patients admitted to general emergency departments in hospitals in central Thailand. In addition, patient and service delivery system factors associated with the survival time of violence escalation in 16 emergency departments in the central region of Thailand are determined. This is a prospective observational study, and the study sample includes 507 psychiatric emergency patients who are ≥ 18 years old. The patients are selected through stratified random and purposive sampling.

Methods
Patient data—including demographic data, emergency services used, and clinical characteristics—are analyzed using descriptive statistics. The Kaplan–Meier method estimates the violence escalation curve, and the log-rank test compares the violence escalation-free time between the levels of the violent behavior group. In addition, univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses are performed to investigate the factors affecting violence escalation.

Results
The incidence of violence escalation in psychiatric emergency patients in the emergency department is 7.3%, whereas the incidence rate of violence escalation is 3 per 100 psychiatric emergency patient visit hours. Factors affecting violence escalation include the violent behavior score at triage (aHR = 2.004; 95% CI: 1.051–3.823) and the nurse competency score (aHR = 0.147; 95% CI: 0.032–0.680).

Conclusions
Assessing the violent behavior of psychiatric emergency patients at triage may assist emergency providers in monitoring patient behavior and providing early intervention to prevent the escalation of violent behavior. Furthermore, training emergency nurses in psychiatric emergency care is necessary.
Serum small RNAs in metastatic colorectal cancer predict response to chemotherapy and characterize high-risk patients
Authors: Mjelle Robin , Kristensen Are K. , Tora S. Solheim  , Westvik Ganna S. , Elvebakken Hege , Hofsli Eva 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMetastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) presents significant challenges in clinical management due to its heterogeneity and variable response to treatment. In this study, we conducted comprehensive small RNA (sRNA) sequencing analyses to identify sRNA biomarkers associated with survival and treatment response in mCRC patients. We measured serum sRNAs before and after chemotherapy treatment in a discovery cohort of 189 mCRC patients. Our analysis revealed 25 microRNAs (miRNA) as significantly associated with overall survival at baseline. We found that 11 of the 25 significant miRNAs were also significant in an independent validation cohort of 20 mCRC patients, including the top five miRNAs from the discovery cohort. Importantly, all but four of the 25 significant miRNAs from the discovery cohort had hazard ratios in the same direction in the validation cohort. Among the 25 significant miRNAs, we identified the miR-320 family of miRNAs as the strongest independent prognostic marker, with high baseline levels correlating with poor survival outcomes. Furthermore, post-treatment levels of the same miRNAs were even more predictive of overall survival, emphasizing the prognostic value of serum changes in miRNA levels before and after treatment. Moreover, we observed significant changes in serum miRNAs and other sRNAs when comparing samples before and after chemotherapy, with distinct expression patterns between responders and non-responders. Leveraging these differential expression patterns, we established a serum sRNA signature that accurately predicts response to chemotherapy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8. In summary, our study highlights the prognostic and predictive potential of sRNA biomarkers in mCRC, offering valuable insights into patient stratification and personalized treatment approaches.
Controlled synthesized of ternary Cu-Co-Ni-S sulfides nanoporous network structure on carbon fiber paper: a superior catalytic electrode for highly-sensitive glucose sensing
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Duan Yi , Lin Jiangtao , Liao Jinghan , Xu Chao , Xue Fangqin , Duan Yourong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Efficient monitoring of glucose concentration in the human body necessitates the utilization of electrochemically active sensing materials in nonenzymatic glucose sensors. However, prevailing limitations such as intricate fabrication processes, lower sensitivity, and instability impede their practical application. Herein, ternary Cu-Co-Ni-S sulfides nanoporous network structure was synthesized on carbon fiber paper (CP) by an ultrafast, facile, and controllable technique through on-step cyclic voltammetry, serving as a superior self-supporting catalytic electrode for the high-performance glucose sensor.

Results
The direct growth of free-standing Cu-Co-Ni-S on the interconnected three-dimensional (3D) network of CP boosted the active site of the composites, improved ion diffusion kinetics, and significantly promoted the electron transfer rate. The multiple oxidation states and synergistic effects among Co, Ni, Cu, and S further promoted glucose electrooxidation. The well-architected Cu-Co-Ni-S/CP presented exceptional electrocatalytic properties for glucose with satisfied linearity of a broad range from 0.3 to 16,000 μM and high sensitivity of 6829 μA mM− 1 cm− 2. Furthermore, the novel sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity and storage stability, which could successfully evaluate the glucose levels in human serum. Notably, the novel Cu-Co-Ni-S/CP showed favorable biocompatibility, proving its potential for in vivo glucose monitoring.

Conclusion
The proposed 3D hierarchical morphology self-supported electrode sensor, which demonstrates appealing analysis behavior for glucose electrooxidation, holds great promise for the next generation of high-performance glucose sensors.
Sex differences in the SOFA score of ICU patients with sepsis or septic shock: a nationwide analysis
Authors: Zimmermann Tobias , Kaufmann Philip , Amacher Simon A. , Sutter Raoul , Loosen Gregor , Merdji Hamid , Helms Julie , Todorov Atanas , Gebert Pimrapat , Regitz-Zagrosek Vera , Gebhard Catherine , Singer Mervyn , Siegemund Martin , Gebhard Caroline E. ,   the Swiss ICU Trial group
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is an important tool in diagnosing sepsis and quantifying organ dysfunction. However, despite emerging evidence of differences in sepsis pathophysiology between women and men, sex is currently not being considered in the SOFA score. We aimed to investigate potential sex-specific differences in organ dysfunction, as measured by the SOFA score, in patients with sepsis or septic shock and explore outcome associations.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of sex-specific differences in the SOFA score of prospectively enrolled ICU patients with sepsis or septic shock admitted to one of 85 certified Swiss ICUs between 01/2021 and 12/2022.

Results
Of 125,782 patients, 5947 (5%) were admitted with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis (2244, 38%) or septic shock (3703, 62%). Of these, 5078 (37% women) were eligible for analysis. A statistically significant difference of the total SOFA score on admission was found between women (mean 7.5 ± SD 3.6 points) and men (7.8 ± 3.6 points, Wilcoxon rank-sum p < 0.001). This was driven by differences in the coagulation (p = 0.008), liver (p < 0.001) and renal (p < 0.001) SOFA components. Differences between sexes were more prominent in younger patients < 52 years of age (women 7.1 ± 4.0 points vs men 8.1 ± 4.2 points, p = 0.004). No sex-specific differences were found in ICU length of stay (women median 2.6 days (IQR 1.3–5.3) vs men 2.7 days (IQR 1.2–6.0), p = 0.13) and ICU mortality (women 14% vs men 15%, p = 0.17).

Conclusion
Sex-specific differences exist in the SOFA score of patients admitted to a Swiss ICU with sepsis or septic shock, particularly in laboratory-based components. Although the clinical meaningfulness of these differences is unclear, a reevaluation of sex-specific thresholds for SOFA score components is warranted in an attempt to make more accurate and individualised classifications.

Graphical abstract
Mental health literacy and academic performance (MHLAP) in high school students: a randomized clinical trial protocol
Authors: Giosan Cezar , Pană Alexandru , Cosmoiu Ana , Chira Ana-Maria , Toma Ana-Maria , Papasteri Claudiu-Cristian , Nedelcea Cătălin , Popoviciu Cătălina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Mental health literacy is a promising avenue of intervention for addressing the development of psychopathology, as well as its associated consequences, such as a decrease in academic performance. The current study aims to test the effectiveness of such an intervention in high school students, focusing on two main formats of delivery: (1) automated and (2) blended.

Methods
To achieve this aim, a randomized clinical trial with direct comparisons at three time points between three conditions (automated, blended, and waitlist) was designed. Power analyses yielded a necessary sample size of 264 high school students. The participants will be selected from Romanian high schools.

Discussion
The current study aims to contribute to the mental health literacy literature by testing the effectiveness of an educational intervention concerning mental health in terms of its benefits for reducing psychopathology and increasing academic performance. The success of such an intervention bears important implications for addressing mental health in the educational system.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT06217744, version 1, 22 January 2024.
Exploring the sustainable elimination of dye using cellulose nanofibrils- vinyl resin based nanofiltration membranes
Authors: Ragab Ahmed H. , Gumaah Najla F. , El Aziz Elfiky Aya Abd , Mubarak Mahmoud F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the development of a novel self-cleaning nanofiltration membrane for the efficient removal of the cationic dye methylene blue (MB) from industrial wastewater. The membrane is composed of vinyl resin (VR), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and titanium alpha aluminate (TAAL) nanoparticles.The TAAL loading ranged from 1 to 5 wt%, the pH varied from 5 to 10, and the initial MB concentration ranged from 10 to 50 ppm. Using a dead-end filtration system, the (VR/CNF@TAAL) membrane with 5 wt% TAAL at pH 10 demonstrated excellent performances. It achieved a remarkable 98.6% removal efficiency for 30 ppm MB dye, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 125.8 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics analysis revealed that the process followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating a chemisorption mechanism. The rate constant was determined to be 1.2732 × 10–3 g mg−1 min−1. The Freundlich isotherm model provided a better fit (R2 = 0.996) than the Langmuir model, suggesting multilayer adsorption on the nanocomposite membrane surface. In addition to its high adsorption and filtration capabilities, the (VR/CNF@TAAL) nanocomposite membrane exhibited cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness as an adsorbent for MB removal from industrial wastewater. The membrane’s self-cleaning property further contributes to sustainability by reducing the need for additional chemical treatments.