bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deleterious mutation accumulation inArabidopsis thalianapollen genes: a role for a recent relaxation of selection
Authors: Harrison MC , Mallon EB , Twell D , Hammond RL 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn many studies sex related genes have been found to evolve rapidly. We therefore expect plant pollen genes to evolve faster than sporophytic genes. In addition, pollen genes are expressed as haploids which can itself facilitate rapid evolution because recessive advantageous and deleterious alleles are not masked by dominant alleles. However, this mechanism is less straightforward to apply in the model plant speciesArabidopsis thaliana. For 1 million yearsA.thalianahas been self-compatible, a life history switch that has caused: a reduction in pollen competition, increased homozygosity and a dilution of masking in diploid expressed, sporophytic genes. In this study we have investigated the relative strength of selection on pollen genes compared to sporophytic genes inA. thaliana. We present two major findings: 1) before becoming self-compatible positive selection was stronger on pollen genes than sporophytic genes forA. thaliana; 2) current polymorphism data indicate selection is weaker on pollen genes compared to sporophytic genes. These results indicate that sinceA. thalianahas become self-compatible, selection on pollen genes has become more relaxed. This has led to higher polymorphism levels and a higher build-up of deleterious mutations in pollen genes compared to sporophytic genes.
Sex chromosome dosage compensation inHeliconiusbutterflies: global yet still incomplete?
Authors: Walters James R. , Hardcastle Thomas J. , Jiggins Chris D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe evolution of heterogametic sex chromosome is often – but not always – accompanied by the evolution of dosage compensating mechanisms that mitigate the impact of sex-specific gene dosage on levels of gene expression. One emerging view of this process is that such mechanisms may only evolve in male-heterogametic (XY) species but not in female-heterogametic (ZW) species, which will consequently exhibit “incomplete” sex chromosome dosage compensation. However, recent results suggest that at least some Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) may prove to be an exception to this prediction. Studies in bombycoid moths indicate the presence of a chromosome-wide epigenetic mechanism that effectively balances Z chromosome gene expression between the sexes by reducing Z-linked expression in males. In contrast, strong sex chromosome dosage effects without any reduction in male Z-linked expression were previously reported in a pyralid moth, suggesting a lack of any such dosage compensating mechanism. Here we report an analysis of sex chromosome dosage compensation inHeliconiusbutterflies, sampling multiple individuals for several different adult tissues (head, abdomen, leg, mouth, and antennae). Methodologically, we introduce a novel application of linear mixed-effects models to assess dosage compensation, offering a unified statistical framework that can estimate effects specific to chromosome, to sex, and their interactions (i.e.,a dosage effect). Our results show substantially reduced Z-linked expression relative to autosomes in both sexes, as previously observed in bombycoid moths. This observation is consistent with an increasing body of evidence that some lepidopteran species possess an epigenetic dosage compensating mechanism that reduces Z chromosome expression in males to levels comparable with females. However, this mechanism appears to be imperfect inHeliconius, resulting in a modest dosage effect that produces an average 5-20% increase in male expression relative to females on the Z chromosome, depending on the tissue. Thus our results inHeliconiusreflect a mixture of previous patterns reported for Lepidoptera. InHeliconius,a moderate pattern of “incomplete” dosage compensation persists apparently despite the presence of an epigenetic dosage compensating mechanism. The chromosomal distributions of sex-biased genes show an excess of male-biased and a dearth of female-biased genes on the Z chromosome relative to autosomes, consistent with predictions of sexually antagonistic evolution.
Acquisition of welding skills in industrial robots
Authors: Aviles-Viñas J.F. , Lopez-Juarez I. , Rios-Cabrera R. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to propose a method based on an Artificial Neural Network and a real-time vision algorithm, to learn welding skills in industrial robotics.

Design/methodology/approach
– By using an optic camera to measure the bead geometry (width and height), the authors propose a real-time computer vision algorithm to extract training patterns and to enable an industrial robot to acquire and learn autonomously the welding skill. To test the approach, an industrial KUKA robot and a welding gas metal arc welding machine were used in a manufacturing cell.

Findings
– Several data analyses are described, showing empirically that industrial robots can acquire the skill even if the specific welding parameters are unknown.

Research limitations/implications
– The approach considers only stringer beads. Weave bead and bead penetration are not considered.

Practical implications
– With the proposed approach, it is possible to learn specific welding parameters despite of the material, type of robot or welding machine. This is due to the fact that the feedback system produces automatic measurements that are labelled prior to the learning process.

Originality/value
– The main contribution is that the complex learning process is reduced into an input-process-output system, where the process part is learnt automatically without human supervision, by registering the patterns with an automatically calibrated vision system.
Rough set based modeling for welding groove bottom state in narrow gap MAG welding
Authors: Li Wenhang , Wu Jing , Hu Ting , Yang Feng 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aim to build an information fusion model that can predict the bottom shape of welding groove for better welding quality control. Arc sensor is widely used in seam tracking due to its simplicity and good accessibility, but it heavily relies on the bottom shape of the groove. It is necessary to identify the welding groove bottom state. Therefore, arc sensor information and vision sensing information were fused by the rough set (RS) method to predict the groove state, which will lay the foundation for better welding quality control.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, a multi-sensor information system was established, which included an arc sensing component and a vision sensing component. For the arc sensing system, the current waveform in each rotating period was obtained and divided into 12 parts to calculate variables representing the variation of arc length. For the vision sensing system, images were obtained by passive vision when the arc was near the groove sidewall. The positions of the sidewall and the arc were calculated to get the weld deviation which was unrelated with the bottom groove state. Second, experimental data were generated by workpiece with various bottom shapes. At last, the RS method was adopted to fuse the arc sensing and the vision information, and a rule-based model with good prediction ability was obtained.

Findings
– By fusing arc sensing and vision sensing information, an RS-based model was built to predict the welding groove state.

Originality/value
– The RS modeling method was used to fuse arc sensing information and vision sensing information to build a model that predicts groove bottom state. The arc sensing information represented the arc length variation, while the vision sensing information contains the seam deviation which was unrelated with the bottom groove state. The RS model gives satisfactory prediction results and can be applied to weld quality control.
Robotic microassembly for meso-scale application
Authors: Ye Xin , Gao Jun , Zhang Zhijing , Shao Chao , Liu Pan 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to design and develop 14-degree of freedom (DOF) robotic micromanipulator with which LIGA devices and axle hole part can be both manipulated and assembled.

Design/methodology/approach
– The in-house robotic microassembly system is composed of a 6-DOF large motion serial robot with microgrippers, a hexapod six-DOF precision alignment worktable and a vision system whose optical axis of the microscope is parallel with the horizontal plane. A prism with special coating is fixed in front of the objective lens, thus, two-part figures can be acquired simultaneously by the microscope with 1.67 to 9.26 micron optical resolution. The relative discrepancy between the two parts can be calculated from image plane coordinate instead of calculating the space transformation matrix. A modified microgripper was designed to clamp meso-scale parts and its effectiveness was confirmed experimentally. Through the use of the other vision system, the insert action can be successfully manipulated. A laser ranger finder was integrated in this micro-assembly system to measure the assembly result.

Findings
– A new 14-DOF robotic micromanipulator, including eight axes automatically and six axes manually, has been developed for the assembly of LIGA meso-scale flat parts and axle hole parts. The microassembly system with coaxial alignment function (MSCA) system is able to concurrently manipulate all eight axes automatically and six axes manually.

Originality/value
– The robotic microassembly is applied in the assembly of meso-scale parts. The new capabilities of the MSCA will allow for the assembly of microsystems more efficiently and more precisely.
Printable modular robot: an application of rapid prototyping for flexible robot design
Authors: Krupke Dennis , Wasserfall Florens , Hendrich Norman , Zhang Jianwei 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to present the design of a modular robot with 3D-printing technology.

Design/methodology/approach
– The robot consists of a number of autonomous modules coupled by magnetic interfaces. Each module combines 3D-printed mechanical parts with widely available standard electronic components, including a microcontroller and a single servo actuator. The mechanical and electrical connection is provided by a single set of magnets which apply the physical force between the modules and at the same time serve as wires for power and communication.

Findings
– The PMR is a full-featured robotic device, well integrated into a simulation framework, capable to execute common locomotion patterns but still extremely affordable (approximately 25/module). Furthermore, the design is easy to extend and replicate for other research and education groups.

Originality/value
– This paper explores a novel approach of connecting devices in a complex way by utilizing very simple magnetic parts. A second focus lies on the concept of closely integrating simulation and hardware development, blurring the edge between digital and physical word.
Year two
Authors: Balich Robert , Warren Jane , Weatherford Jennifer , Zakaria Noor Syamilah , Schwede Diana 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of education and experiential learning on counseling student’s perceptions of substance use and counseling those with substance-related problems. Some counselors report having had negative experiences and beliefs about substance use, abuse, and persons with substance related-problems. A counselor’s negative beliefs and experiences can impair their capacities of working effectively and empathetically with persons who seek help for substance abuse problems. Research reports that education can assist helping professionals to be able to work more efficiently with clients with substance abuse struggles by increasing awareness of substance abuse problems, enhancing empathy, increasing professional’s ability to relate with what clients may be experiencing, training in appropriate interventions, and referral skills.Design/methodology/approach– This study measured changes in students’ attitudes toward addictions following completion of a 15-week addictions counseling course, which incorporated multiple experiential activities in conjunction with information about the effects of various substances and different treatment modalities.Findings– The results revealed significant changes in treatment intervention and non-stereotyping.Originality/value– These changes suggest education might affect attitudes toward substance abuse. The implications of this study can guide counselor educators in designing effective addictions courses and can lead to future discussions on how to use experiential learning in the classroom.
Adoption of web-based assessment in higher learning institutions (HLIs)
Authors: Nangawe Abbi Godfrey 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The increasing availability of the internet has facilitated the development of web-based tools for the assessment of students’ learning in higher learning institutions (HLIs). However, research reveals that the use of such tools is largely dependent on the attitudes of academic and non-academic staff. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate those attitudes from the standpoint of Eric Rogers’ (1983, 2003) theory of diffusion of innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is study of the attitudes of higher education staff members towards web-based student assessment, using Eric Rogers’ theory of diffusion of innovation as a lens.

Findings
– Promisingly, the survey of staff members in (HLIs) in Tanzania, a developing country, indicates moderately favourable attitudes towards adoption, diffusion and sustained use of web-based assessment of student learning.

Originality/value
– This is a unique look at HLIs in Tanzania and how staff attitudes are leaning in favour of embracing online assessment technology.
Explaining innovation in tourism-retailing contexts by applying Simon’s Sciences of the Artificial
Authors: Chang Li-Hui , Chen Ye-Sho , Liu Hsi-Lin 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to use Simon’s theory of strategies to explain Ever Rich’s strategies for introducing innovation. Ever Rich is a very successful duty-free shop in Taiwan that makes profits by improving airport lobby/terminals and enhancing Taiwan’s tourism brand image. This study shows a design artifact to explain Ever Rich’s strategies for introducing innovation. The design artifact is based on Herbert Simon’s classical work of Sciences of the Artificial. The design artifact is also grounded in the theories of customer service life cycle, input-process-output model of strategic entrepreneurship and docility-based distributed cognition.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors interviewed the executive management with the pre-determined 14 questions regarding resource inputs, processes of resource orchestration and outputs.

Findings
– Introducing innovation requires appropriate strategies. Based on Herbert Simon’s research on “Science of the Artificial”, this case shows a design artifact of strategies for introducing innovation. The design artifact is in line with Ever Rich’s corporate philosophy, including training and education of duty-free professionals, customer-oriented services, guarantee stringent quality control of products, newness and innovation and contributions to community. The design artifact, therefore, serves as a source of discovery with benefits for knowledge-building and relationship-building that are useful for students and practitioners.

Practical implications
– The success of this case and the reasons of success can be an inspiration for others.

Originality/value
– A significant contribution of the paper is that the design artifact serves as a source of discovery with benefits for knowledge-building and relationship-building that are useful both for students and practitioners.
Rogue seasonality in supply chains: an investigation and a measurement approach
Authors: Shukla Vinaya , Naim Mohamed M 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– Shukla et al. (2012) proposed a signature and index to detect and measure rogue seasonality in supply chains, but which, however, were not effectively validated. The authors have sought to investigate rogue seasonality using control theory and realistic multi echelon systems and rigorously validate these measures, so as to enable their application in practice. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Frequency domain analysis of single echelon and simulated four echelon Beer game system outputs are used in the investigation, with the simulation incorporating realistic features such as non-linearities from backlogs and batching, hybrid make to order-make to stock ordering system and the shipment variable. Lead time, demand process parameters, ordering parameters and batch size are varied in the simulation to rigorously assess the validity of the index.

Findings
– The signature based on the cluster profiles of variables, specifically whether the variables cluster together with or away from exogenous demand, was validated. However, a threshold for the proportion of variables that could be clustered with exogenous demand and the system still being classified as exhibiting rogue seasonality, would require to be specified. The index, which is derived by quantifying the cluster profile relationships, was found to be a valid and robust indicator of the intensity of rogue seasonality, and which did not need any adjustments of the kind discussed for the signature. The greater effectiveness of the frequency domain in comparison to time for deriving the signature and index was demonstrated.

Practical implications
– This work enables speedy assessment of rogue seasonality in supply chains which in turn ensures appropriate and timely action to minimize its adverse consequences.

Originality/value
– Detailed and specific investigation on rogue seasonality using control theory and Beer game simulation and rigorous validation of the signature and index using these methods.
Brand logo design: examining consumer response to naturalness
Authors: Machado Joana Cesar , de Carvalho Leonor Vacas , Torres Anna , Costa Patrício 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to study how logo design characteristics influence consumer response. Based on an in-depth literature review on consumer responses to logo design, the authors included in this research one fundamental dimension of logo design, namely, naturalness and investigated the influence of the different types of natural logo designs on affective response.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 96 logos were selected as design stimuli. The logos were previously classified, according to the naturalness of the logo design, as having an abstract, cultural or organic design. Responses were gathered through a survey in Portugal, including two studies with 220 participants.

Findings
– Results show that naturalness is an essential logo design element which significantly influences consumer affective responses to the logo, and that natural logos are clearly preferred to abstract logos. Additionally, this research indicates that, within natural logos, organic designs are favored over cultural designs.

Practical implications
– The findings presented suggest that affect toward unknown organic logos is at the same level as affect toward well-known abstract logos. This is a relevant finding from a managerial point of view, as familiarity, an essential cognitive response toward the brand that has a cost for the firm, can be replaced cost-free with unknown organic logos.

Originality/value
– This paper is a first exploration of responses to different types of natural logo design. The results should guide managers in selecting or modifying logo designs for achieving a positive affective response.
Relationships among applications of tacit knowledge and transformational/transactional leader styles
Authors: Taylor Teresa Z. , Psotka Joseph , Legree Peter 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine intercorrelational relations among the self-report behavioral construct Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) 5X transformational and transactional subscales and the Tacit Knowledge for Military Leaders Inventory (TKML) leader-level specific situational judgment test scenarios.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, two leadership measures, the behavioral construct MLQ and the cognitive construct TKML assess different aspects of how a leader functions and were administered to 125 active US Army officers representing three leader levels: platoon, company, and battalion. The authors examine the intercorrelational relationship between these two measures.

Findings
– Results show a correlational pattern that contours the evolution of a leader’s skills (from novice platoon leader to expert battalion leader), with the strongest correlation at the higher leader levels.

Research limitations/implications
– The decision to restrict the number of TKML scenarios provided to respondents and to administer the MLQ and TKML to the same sample is considered a limitation.

Practical implications
– Pairing the MLQ and TKML makes use of self-reported leader behaviors with maximal assessment scales that directly assess respondents’ understanding of what the best approaches to good leadership are.

Social implications
– Response patterns from both measures permits direct counseling on the misconceptions about leadership to create better leaders.

Originality/value
– No previous research has examined correlative relations among the scales/subscales of the MLQ and TKML.
A “Tower of Babel”? – interrelations and structure of leadership constructs
Authors: Rowold Jens , Borgmann Lars , Diebig Mathias 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive examination of different leadership constructs investigated extensively, namely transformational and transactional leadership, laissez-faire, consideration, and initiating structure, as well as leader-member-exchange. The theoretical overlap as well as the empirical correlations between these constructs is explored.Design/methodology/approach– Overall, 735 correlations were analyzed to generate a meta-analytical correlation matrix.Findings– The meta-analyses revealed highly interrelated leadership constructs (0.26<∣ρ∣<0.74). Results of confirmatory factor analyses suggest a one factor solution of leadership.Research limitations/implications– The uniqueness and construct validity of leadership constructs is challenged, calling for a revision of the respective leadership theories. Ultimately, an integrative theory of leadership should be developed which accounts for similarities as well as differences between leadership constructs. An integrated theory of leadership would help: researchers to combine their forces and, consequently, organizations across the globe to better select and develop leaders for the future.Practical implications– By taking a critical, cross-theoretical compare and contrast approach, the present study yielded a comprehensive picture of the interrelationship and partial redundancy of several of the currently researched leadership constructs.Originality/value– New insights into the overlap between leadership constructs were generated and confirmed by meta-analyses.