bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Support among Critically Ill Children with AKI
Authors: Kyle Ursula G. , Akcan-Arikan Ayse , Orellana Renán A. , Coss-Bu Jorge A. 
Published: January 2013

Summary

Background
Critically ill children are at high risk of underfeeding and AKI, which may lead to further nutritional deficiencies. This study aimed to determine the adequacy of nutrition support during the first 5 days of intensive care unit (ICU) stay.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A chart review of pediatric patients admitted to the pediatric ICU for >72 hours between August 2007 and March 2008 was conducted. Patients were classified as having no AKI versus AKI by modified pediatric RIFLE criteria. All nutrition was analyzed. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was estimated by the Schofield equation and protein needs by American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition guidelines.

Results
Of the 167 patients, 102 were male and 65 were female (median age 1.4 years). Using the RIFLE criteria, 102 (61%) patients had no AKI, whereas 44 (26%) were classified as category R (risk), 12 (7%) as category I (injury), and 9 (5%) as category F (failure). The median 5-day energy intake was lower relative to estimated BMR. Overall protein provision (19%) was lower than energy provision (55%) compared with estimated needs (P<0.001). I/F patients were more likely to be fasted versus receiving enteral/parenteral nutrition (n=813 patient days) and to receive <90% of BMR (n=832 patient days) than No AKI/R patients.

Conclusions
Underfeeding, common in critically ill children, was accentuated in AKI. Protein underfeeding was greater than energy underfeeding in the first 5 days of PICU stay. Efforts should be made to provide adequate nutrition in ICU patients with AKI.
Lessons Learned from the ASN Renal Educator Listserv and Survey
Authors: Hoenig Melanie P. , Shapiro Evelyn , Hladik Gerald A. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
Nephrology ranks next to last in career choices among US medical school graduates. The American Society of Nephrology established a Workforce Committee to help address this issue. Surveys of US medical students indicate that experiences during kidney pathophysiology courses in the preclerkship years may impact their decision to consider a career in nephrology. In October of 2011, preclinical kidney physiology and pathophysiology course directors at US medical schools were surveyed about teaching methods, curricular content, resources, and institutional support for teaching to identify what worked well and what impairs their teaching efforts. A Listserv of these educators, the American Society of Nephrology Renal Educators Listserv, was used to electronically administer the survey. Course leaders from 62 of 114 (54.4%) surveyed medical schools responded. Most of these educators are nephrologists, but physiologists and other clinicians also lead courses; 60% of course directors noted that lectures are videotaped, resulting in decreased attendance. A range of resources is used: 68% use audience response systems, 16% use the simulation center, and none of the educators indicated use of social media (such as Twitter or Facebook); 50% of respondents receive no remuneration, and 68% receive no full-time equivalent for their efforts. Audience response systems, virtual microscopy, and flash animations were identified as valuable teaching tools. Course directors, during subsequent dialogue on the American Society of Nephrology Renal Educators Listserv, have cited incorporation of case scenarios and integration of clinical exposure during preclinical years as methods that inspired interest. Hopefully, adoption of such approaches will ultimately serve to stimulate interest in nephrology.
Objets sportifs et corps sensibles : entre cultures matérielles et expériences corporelles
Authors: Level Marie , Lesage Thierry 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Bien que bénéficiant d’un regain d’intérêt au sein des sciences sociales, les objets sportifs demeurent en marge des grands courants d’analyse. Ils sont pourtant des éléments constitutifs de l’action du pratiquant puisqu’il n’existe pas de technique, et a fortiori pas de technique sportive qui ne soit sous-tendue par des objets. Il paraît donc pertinent de concevoir l’expérience corporelle comme intriquée à la matérialité. Dans cette perspective, nous ambitionnons ici de questionner les relations étroites, complexes et pourtant consubstantiels que les sujets tissent avec les objets de leur pratique sportive au fil de leurs expériences et apprentissages. Cette ethnographie de l’élaboration des savoirs corporels en prise avec les objets nous conduit à envisager le corps et ses rapports polymorphes à la matière au prisme du processus d’incorporation. Notre contribution prend pour cadre théorique les approches de la culture matérielle (J.-P. Warnier, 1999) et de la praxéologie motrice (P. Parlebas, 1986), et s’appuie sur une étude réalisée auprès de sportifs et entraîneurs de clubs évoluant dans des activités distinctes comme la gymnastique rythmique, le kayak et le basket-ball, et étayée d’exemples issus d’une analyse des jeux de paume et de raquette.
The B7-Independent Isoform of CTLA-4 Functions To Regulate Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Stumpf Melanie , Zhou Xuyu , Bluestone Jeffrey A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe critical role of CTLA-4 in inhibiting Ag-driven T cell responses upon engagement with its ligands, B7-1 and B7-2 and its importance for peripheral T cell tolerance and T cell homeostasis has been studied intensively. The CTLA-4 splice variant ligand-independent (li)-CTLA-4 is expressed in naive and activated T cells and can actively alter T cell signaling despite its lack of a B7 binding domain. To study the effect of li-CTLA-4 in regulating T cell responses in the context of autoimmunity, we engineered a B6.CTLA-4 (floxed-Exon2)-BAC-transgene, resulting in selective expression of li-CTLA-4 upon Cre-mediated deletion of Exon 2. Introducing the B6.BAC into the NOD background, which is genetically deficient for li-CTLA-4, restores mRNA levels of li-CTLA-4 to those observed in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, re-expressing this ligand nonbinding isoform in NOD mice reduced IFN-γ production in T effector cells accompanied by a significant decrease in insulitis and type 1 diabetes frequency. However, selective expression of li-CTLA-4 could not fully rescue the CTLA-4 knockout disease phenotype when bred onto NOD.BDC2.5.CTLA-4 knockout background because of the requirement of the full-length, B7-binding CTLA-4 molecule on T effector cells. Thus, the li-CTLA-4 form, when expressed at physiologic levels in the CTLA-4–sufficient NOD background can suppress autoimmunity; however, the functionality of the li-CTLA-4 isoform depends on the presence of the full-length molecule to alter effector T cell signaling.
Assessment of Immune Interference, Antagonism, and Diversion following Human Immunization with Biallelic Blood-Stage Malaria Viral-Vectored Vaccines and Controlled Malaria Infection
Authors: Elias Sean C. , Collins Katharine A. , Halstead Fenella D. , Choudhary Prateek , Bliss Carly M. , Ewer Katie J. , Sheehy Susanne H. , Duncan Christopher J. A. , Biswas Sumi , Hill Adrian V. S. , Draper Simon J. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Overcoming antigenic variation is one of the major challenges in the development of an effective vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum, a causative agent of human malaria. Inclusion of multiple Ag variants in subunit vaccine candidates is one strategy that has aimed to overcome this problem for the leading blood-stage malaria vaccine targets, that is, merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) and apical membrane Ag 1 (AMA1). However, previous studies, utilizing malaria Ags, have concluded that inclusion of multiple allelic variants, encoding altered peptide ligands, in such a vaccine may be detrimental to both the priming and in vivo restimulation of Ag-experienced T cells. In this study, we analyze the T cell responses to two alleles of MSP1 and AMA1 induced by vaccination of malaria-naive adult volunteers with bivalent viral-vectored vaccine candidates. We show a significant bias to the 3D7/MAD20 allele compared with the Wellcome allele for the 33 kDa region of MSP1, but not for the 19 kDa fragment or the AMA1 Ag. Although this bias could be caused by “immune interference” at priming, the data do not support a significant role for “immune antagonism” during memory T cell restimulation, despite observation of the latter at a minimal epitope level in vitro. A lack of class I HLA epitopes in the Wellcome allele that are recognized by vaccinated volunteers may in fact contribute to the observed bias. We also show that controlled infection with 3D7 strain P. falciparum parasites neither boosts existing 3D7-specific T cell responses nor appears to “immune divert” cellular responses toward the Wellcome allele.
Transcription Factors GATA-3 and RORγt Are Important for Determining the Phenotype of Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Murine Model of Asthma
Authors: Ano Satoshi , Morishima Yuko , Ishii Yukio , Yoh Keigyou , Yageta Yuichi , Ohtsuka Shigeo , Matsuyama Masashi , Kawaguchi Mio , Takahashi Satoru , Hizawa Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In refractory asthma, neutrophils, rather than eosinophils, often predominate in the airways. Neutrophilic airway inflammation appears to be resistant to steroids and may be related to the Th17, rather than the Th2, cytokine milieu. However, the role of GATA-3 and RORγt, transcription factors for Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation, respectively, in the pathogenesis of steroid-insensitive asthma remains unclear. To examine the effect of GATA-3– and RORγt-overexpression backgrounds on airway inflammation and steroid sensitivity, we generated two strains of transgenic mice overexpressing GATA-3 or RORγt. Mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA. Some OVA-sensitized/challenged mice were treated with dexamethasone, anti–IL-17 Ab, CXCR2 antagonist, or anti–IL-6R Ab to demonstrate their therapeutic effects on airway inflammation. Although Ag-specific airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness were induced in each mouse, the phenotype of inflammation showed a distinct difference that was dependent upon the genotype. GATA-3–overexpressing mice exhibited steroid-sensitive eosinophilic inflammation with goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hyperproduction under Th2-biased conditions, and RORγt-overexpressing mice developed steroid-insensitive neutrophilic inflammation under Th17-biased conditions. The levels of keratinocyte-derived chemokine, MIP-2, IL-6, and other neutrophil chemotaxis-related mediators were significantly elevated in OVA-exposed RORγt-overexpressing mice compared with wild-type mice. Interestingly, airway hyperresponsiveness accompanied by neutrophilic airway inflammation in RORγt-overexpressing mice was effectively suppressed by anti–IL-17 Ab, CXCR2 antagonist, or anti–IL-6R Ab administration. In conclusion, our results suggest that the expression levels of GATA-3 and RORγt may be important for determining the phenotype of asthmatic airway inflammation. Furthermore, blockade of the Th17-signaling pathway may be a treatment option for steroid-insensitive asthma.
Hyponatremia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Implications and outcomes
Authors: Saramma P P , Girish Menon P , Srivastava Adesh , Sankara Sarma P 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Background: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality seen in patients with aneurysmal SAH. Clinically significant hyponatremia (Serum Sodium <131 mEq/L) which needs treatment, has been redefined recently and there is a paucity of outcome studies based on this. This study aims to identify the mean Serum Sodium (S.Na+) level and its duration among inpatients with SAH and to identify the relationship between hyponatremia and the outcome status of patients undergoing surgery for SAH. Materials and Methods: This outcome study is undertaken in the department of neurosurgery, The Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala. Medical records of all patients with SAH from 1st January to 31st July 2010 were reviewed. Preoperative status was assessed using World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grading system. Discharge status was calculated using the Glasgow outcome score scale. Results: Fifty nine patients were included in the study and 53 (89.8%) of them have undergone surgical treatment. Hyponatremia was observed in 22 of 59 patients (37%). The mean Sodium level of hyponatremic patients was 126.97 mEq/L for a median duration of two days. Glasgow outcome score was good in 89.8% of patients. We lost two patients, one of whom had hyponatremia and vasospasm. Conclusion: Hyponatremia is significantly associated with poor outcome in patients with SAH. Anticipate hyponatremia in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, timely detect and appropriately treat it to improve outcome. It is more common in patients who are more than 50 years old and whose aneurysm is in the anterior communicating artery. Our comprehensive monitoring ensured early detection and efficient surgical and nursing management reduced morbidity and mortality.
Elderly pedestrian neurotrauma: A descriptive study from a premier neurotrauma center in India
Authors: Munivenkatappa Ashok , Pruthi Nupur , Philip Mariamma , Devi Bhagavatula I , Somanna Sampath 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Context: Experience with elderly pedestrian neurotrauma at a major neurotrauma tertiary center. Aims: To highlight the specific injuries and outcome of the elderly pedestrian neurotrauma patients within the city of Bangalore and its surrounding districts. Settings and Design: A retrospective study consisting of demographic data, clinical findings, radiological details, and outcomes. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted at the casualty services, in which 143 consecutive elderly pedestrian (age >60 years) head injury victims were studied from June to September 2009. The records from the hospital mortuary were analyzed from 2007 to 2009. An analysis of 77 elderly patients who died as a pedestrian in accidents during this period was performed. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS 15. Results: The elderly pedestrians constituted 27% (143/529) of all pedestrian traumas. Two wheelers were the most common accident vehicle (56.6%, 81/143). Most of the injuries (38.5%, 55/143) occurred during peak traffic hours, that is, 4 pm to 9 pm. Majority sustained moderate to severe head injury (61%, 87/143). More than three‑fourths of patients required a computed tomography (CT) scan (77%, 110/143), in which there was a higher frequency of contusion (31.5%, 45/143), and subdural hemorrhage (23.1%, 33/143). Most of the injured (43.3%, 13/30) underwent surgery for intracranial hematoma. The mortality rate was 22.8% (8/35). Nearly one‑fourth of conducted postmortems among pedestrians belonged to the elderly age group (77/326, 23.6%). Conclusions: Elderly pedestrian neurotrauma patients sustain a more severe injury as evident by poorer Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) scores and CT scan findings, and hence have a higher mortality rate.
Transient electromyographic findings in serotonergic toxicity due to combination of essitalopram and isoniazid
Authors: Erdoğan Çağdas , Değirmenci Eylem , Bir Levent Sinan 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTHere, we report a case of serotonergic toxicity due to combination of essitalopram and isoniazid, which was rarely reported before. Moreover, we observed transient neurogenic denervation potentials in needle electromyography, which disappeared with the treatment of serotonergic toxicity. As to our best knowledge, this is the first case, reporting transient electromyographic changes probably due to serotonergic toxicity.
Charles bonnet syndrome, management with simple behavioral technique
Authors: Issa Baba Awoye , Yussuf Abdullahi Dasliva 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTCharles Bonnet syndrome occurs in visually impaired but cognitively normal individuals. This report describes a condition of vivid visual hallucination (phantom images) in an 85‑year‑old conscious man, who had been blind by bilateral progressively worsening glaucoma. This common, but rarely reported, condition was managed by behavioral approach of repeated blinking, intermittent eyes closure, and reassurance. While emotional, mood and cognitive disorders need to be ruled out, the condition, though frightening to the afflicted, is benign and remediable with simple, inexpensive approach. Health workers managing people with terminal blindness should always ask for the presence of hallucinations from their patients to forestall a preventable distress resulting from wrong perception without visual stimulus.
Is neurocysticercosis a risk factor for glioblastoma multiforme or a mere coincidence: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Bhattacharya Tapesh , Kumar Ritesh , Radotra Bishan Das , Mukherjee Kanchan Kumar , Kapoor Rakesh , Ghoshal Sushmita 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSimultaneous occurrence of Neurocysticercosis (NC) along with Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a very rare presentation. We herein describe a case report of treated case of NC2 years back who presented with secondary GBM. The brief report highlights that there may be some associated factors which may lead to development of secondary GBM in preexisting helminthic infection.
Restlessness in right upper limb as sole presentation of restless legs syndrome
Authors: Gupta Ravi , Lahan Vivekananda , Goel Deepak 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTRestless legs syndrome (RLS) rarely affects the upper limb during the initial course of disease. We present a patient who complained of symptoms suggesting RLS in the right upper limb as the sole manifestation of illness. Bilateral cervical ribs and depression were co‑incidental findings. Patient responded well to dopaminergic therapy.
Jacob Mathew v. State of Punjab, the judgment stipulates the guidelines to be followed before launching a prosecution against a doctor for negligence
Authors: Subrahmanyam Bhattaram Visweswara 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIn a landmark judgment, the supreme court of India laid down guidelines in cases of alleged negligence against medical practitioners in India. It clearly stated that there is a need for protecting doctors from frivolous or unjust prosecution.
Efficient Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposites with Effective Exfoliation and Dispersion by Solid‐State / Melt Extrusion
Authors: Whittington Alyssa M. , Brouse Stephen M. , Malusis Michael A. , Wakabayashi Katsuyuki 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIn this communication, solid‐state/melt extrusion (SSME) is introduced as a novel technique that combines solid‐state shear pulverization (SSSP) and conventional twin screw extrusion (TSE) in a single extrusion system. The morphology and property enhancements in a model linear low‐density polyethylene/organically modified clay nanocomposite sample fabricated via SSME were compared to those fabricated via SSSP and TSE. The results show that SSME is capable of exfoliating and dispersing the nanofillers similarly to SSSP, while achieving a desirable output rate and producing extrudate similar in form to that from TSE. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 2013, 32, 21334; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21334
Ischemic heart disease mortality and PM3.5 in a cohort of autoworkers
Authors: Costello Sadie , Garcia Erika , Hammond S. Katharine , Eisen Ellen A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundIncreased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been associated with particulate matter (PM) from air pollution. Yet evidence of increased risk associated with higher workplace exposures is scant.MethodsWe examined the exposure–response relationship between IHD mortality and PM3.5 (<3.5 µm diameter) from current and cumulative exposure to straight metalworking fluid in a cohort of 39,412 autoworkers followed from 1941 to 1995. Age, calendar year of follow up, sex, race, and plant were included in each model.ResultsTo address the decrease in polycyclic‐aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in the straight metalworking fluid over time, analyses were stratified by calendar time. Increased risk of IHD mortality was associated with current exposure to PM3.5 before 1971 and with cumulative exposure to PM3.5 after 1971.ConclusionsResults provide modest evidence that occupational exposure to fine PM from straight fluids, especially fluid with higher PAH, may increase the risk of IHD mortality. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:317–325, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Homozygosity mapping of depressive disorder in a large family from Pakistan: Significant linkage on chromosome 6 and 9
Authors: Ayub Muhammad , Irfan Muhammad , Maclean Alan , Naeem Farooq , Blackwood Douglas 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA large family with a high prevalence of recurrent major depression and high average inbreeding coefficient was ascertained from rural Pakistan. Subjects were interviewed and diagnosed by a trained psychiatrist, 370 microsatellite markers were genotyped and the program FEstim was used for homozygosity mapping. Significant linkage was found on Chromosome 9 and Chromosome 6 after fine mapping. These regions on Chromosome 6 and 9 may harbor genes which predispose to depression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Refinement of chromosome 3p22.3 region and identification of a susceptibility gene for bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Secolin Rodrigo , Banzato Claudio E.M. , Mella Lucas F.B. , Santos Marilza L. , Dalgalarrondo Paulo , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies and meta‐analysis, as well as our own previous family‐based association results, have pointed to chromosome (ch) 3p22.3 and 3p21.1 as candidate regions to contain a susceptibility gene for bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). In the present study, we further refined the region of interest on ch 3p22.3. We genotyped 94 SNPs within the candidate region in 74 families and performed family‐based association analysis using a transmission disequilibrium test. One single SNP (rs166508) was associated with the BPAD phenotype (P = 0.0187). This SNP is located within intron 15 of the integrin alpha 9 (ITGA9) gene. ITGA9 encodes the α9 subunit of the α9β1 integrin, a membrane glycoprotein receptor for neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Quantification of ITGA9 transcripts in the peripheral blood of patients with BPAD and controls showed an upregulation of ITGA9 (Kruskal–Wallis P = 0.0339) in patients with the disease‐associated genotype (rs166508*A/A), compared to those with rs166508*G/G and rs166508*G/A genotypes. Sequencing of the ITGA9 cDNA revealed a sequence variant (r.1689_1839del) in rs166508*A carriers, which leads to loss of the entire exon 16. In silico analysis revealed that the deleted region contains three putative microRNA binding sites, which may be involved in the negative regulation of ITGA9. In conclusion, our results confirm previous evidence pointing to a candidate region for BPAD on ch 3p.22.3. In addition, we suggest a molecular substrate that could explain the increase of ITGA9 mRNA levels in probands with BPAD, proposing a new mechanism that could be involved in the genetic susceptibility to the disease. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.