bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing the Social Economy in China
Authors: ZHAO LI 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study offers a conceptual analysis of the social economy in China within the context of institutional transition. In China, economic reform has engendered significant social changes. Accelerated economic growth, privatization of the social welfare system, and the rise of civil society explain the institutional contexts in which a range of not-for-profit initiatives, neither state-owned nor capital-driven, re-emerged. They are defined in this research as the social economy in China. This study shows that although the term itself is quite new, the social economy is no new phenomenon in China, as its various elements have a rich historical tradition. Moreover, the impact of the transition on the upsurge of the Chinese social economy is felt not only through direct means of de-nationalization and marketization and, as a consequence, the privatization of China's social welfare system, but also through various indirect means. The development of the social economy in China was greatly influenced by the framework set by political institutions and, accordingly, legal enabling environments. In addition, the link to the West, as well as local historical and cultural traditions, contribute towards explaining its re-emergence. Examining the practices in the field shows that the social economy sector in China is conducive to achieving a plural economy and an inclusive society, particularly by way of poverty reduction, social service provision, work integration, and community development. Therefore, in contemporary China, it serves as a key sector for improving welfare, encouraging participation, and consolidating solidarity.
The Subordination of the Sovereigns: Colonialism and the Gond Rajas in Central India, 1818–1948
Authors: BHUKYA BHANGYA 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBritish colonial intervention in India had sought to establish an exclusive sovereignty as was embodied in the modern state of the West. India had a tradition of existence of multiple sovereignties even during the times of strong imperial powers. Pre-colonial imperial powers had enjoyed symbolic sovereignty particularly over forest and hill areas, while local powers had undisputed sovereignty over resources and people in their territories. The British colonial state disturbed this shared sovereignty by assimilating the local sovereign powers into the state through a programme of colonial modernity, treaties, agreements and by force. This process produced contested histories. However, local powers such as the Gond Rajas were, to some extent, reduced to a subordinate position.
Association between pubertal development and depressive symptoms in girls from a UK cohort
Authors: Joinson C. , Heron J. , Araya R. , Paus T. , Croudace T. , Rubin C. , Marcus M. , Lewis G. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundIt is unclear whether pubertal status or timing of puberty explains the increase in depressive symptoms in girls during adolescence.MethodThis is a longitudinal study based on 2506 girls from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Self-reported depressive symptoms at 10.5, 13 and 14 years were assessed using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Pubertal status (Tanner breast and pubic hair stage) and timing of menarche were derived from questionnaires administered from age 8 to 14 years. We used multivariable regression models to examine the relative contributions of pubertal status and timing in accounting for increases in level of depressive symptoms at 14 years.ResultsWith increasing age, the association between breast development and depressive symptoms strengthened. Pubertal status (breast stage), rather than timing of menarche, was independently associated with depressive symptoms at 14 years. There was strong evidence for a linear relationship between breast stage and depressive symptoms at 14 years [increase in 0.17 s.d. (range 0.10–0.24) of depressive symptoms for advancement of each breast stage].ConclusionsDepressive symptoms in mid-adolescence were more strongly influenced by breast stage than timing of menarche. This could imply that the female rise in depression during adolescence is due to increasing estrogen levels, and might explain why the gender difference in rates of depression emerges at this stage. Future research should be aimed at identifying the mechanism of action of pubertal change, including direct effects of pubertal hormones and indirect effects mediated by psychosocial factors.
Liminality in multitasking: Where talk and task collide in computer collaborations
Authors: Levy Mike , Gardner Rod 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of computer activity on talk during collaboration at the computer by two pairs of high school students during a web-based task. The work is located in relation to research in the wider world of the workplace and informal settings where multitasking involving talk and the operation of artifacts is known to occur. The current study focuses on how, when two students are working at the computer, talk continues or is disrupted during multitasking. Five examples are described in detail, beginning with a relatively straightforward case of serial multitasking and leading up to an example of complex simultaneous multitasking. Overwhelmingly in our data, only routine on-screen actions accompany talk, whereas complex actions occur with hitches or restarts in the talk, and true simultaneous multitasking happens on just three occasions in the data set. (Collaborative activity, computers, Conversation Analysis, interaction, language and technology, multimodality, multitasking)*
Optimal spring balancing of robot manipulators in point-to-point motion
Authors: Nikoobin A. , Moradi M. , Esmaili A. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe balancing of robotic systems is an important issue, because it allows significant reduction of torques. However, the literature review shows that the balancing of robotic systems is performed without considering the traveling trajectory. Although in static balancing the gravity effects on the actuators are removed, and in complete balancing the Coriolis, centripetal, gravitational, and cross-inertia terms are eliminated, but it does not mean that the required torque to move the manipulator from one point to another point is minimum. In this paper, “optimal spring balancing” is presented for open-chain robotic system based on indirect solution of open-loop optimal control problem. Indeed, optimal spring balancing is an optimal trajectory planning problem in which states, controls, and all the unknown parameters associated with the springs must be determined simultaneously to minimize the given performance index for a predefined point-to-point task. For this purpose, on the basis of the fundamental theorem of calculus of variations, the necessary conditions for optimality are derived that lead to the optimality conditions associated with Pontryagin's minimum principle and an additional condition associated with the constant parameters. The obtained optimality conditions are developed for a two-link manipulator in detail. Finally, the efficiency of the suggested approach is illustrated by simulation for a two-link manipulator and a PUMA-like robot. The obtained results show that the proposed method has dominant superiority over the previous methods such as static balancing or complete balancing.
Autonomous Simultaneous Localization and Mapping driven by Monte Carlo uncertainty maps-based navigation
Authors: Auat Cheein Fernando A. , Pereira Fernando M. Lobo , di Sciascio Fernando , Carelli Ricardo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of implementing a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm combined with a non-reactive controller (such as trajectory following or path following). A general study showing the advantages of using predictors to avoid mapping inconsistences in autonomous SLAM architectures is presented. In addition, this paper presents a priority-based uncertainty map construction method of the environment by a mobile robot when executing a SLAM algorithm. The SLAM algorithm is implemented with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) and extracts corners (convex and concave) and lines (associated with walls) from the surrounding environment. A navigation approach directs the robot motion to the regions of the environment with the higher uncertainty and the higher priority. The uncertainty of a region is specified by a probability characterization computed at the corresponding representative points. These points are obtained by a Monte Carlo experiment and their probability is estimated by the sum of Gaussians method, avoiding the time-consuming map-gridding procedure. The priority is determined by the frame in which the uncertainty region was detected (either local or global to the vehicle's pose). The mobile robot has a non-reactive trajectory following controller implemented on it to drive the vehicle to the uncertainty points. SLAM real-time experiments in real environment, navigation examples, uncertainty maps constructions along with algorithm strategies and architectures are also included in this work.
Risk attitudes in risk-based design: Considering risk attitude using utility theory in risk-based design
Authors: Van Bossuyt Douglas , Hoyle Chris , Tumer Irem Y. , Dong Andy 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEngineering risk methods and tools account for and make decisions about risk using an expected-value approach. Psychological research has shown that stakeholders and decision makers hold domain-specific risk attitudes that often vary between individuals and between enterprises. Moreover, certain companies and industries (e.g., the nuclear power industry and aerospace corporations) are very risk-averse whereas other organizations and industrial sectors (e.g., IDEO, located in the innovation and design sector) are risk tolerant and actually thrive by making risky decisions. Engineering risk methods such as failure modes and effects analysis, fault tree analysis, and others are not equipped to help stakeholders make decisions under risk-tolerant or risk-averse decision-making conditions. This article presents a novel method for translating engineering risk data from the expected-value domain into a risk appetite corrected domain using utility functions derived from the psychometric Engineering Domain-Specific Risk-Taking test results under a single-criterion decision-based design approach. The method is aspirational rather than predictive in nature through the use of a psychometric test rather than lottery methods to generate utility functions. Using this method, decisions can be made based upon risk appetite corrected risk data. We discuss development and application of the method based upon a simplified space mission design in a collaborative design-center environment. The method is shown to change risk-based decisions in certain situations where a risk-averse or risk-tolerant decision maker would likely choose differently than the expected-value approach dictates.
ORIGAMI RINGS
Authors: BUHLER JOE , BUTLER STEVE , DE LAUNEY WARWICK , GRAHAM RON 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMotivated by mathematical aspects of origami, Erik Demaine asked which points in the plane can be constructed by using lines whose angles are multiples of $\pi /n$ for some fixed $n$. This has been answered for some specific small values of $n$ including $n=3,4,5,6,8,10,12,24$. We answer this question for arbitrary $n$. The set of points is a subring of the complex plane $\mathbf {C}$, lying inside the cyclotomic field of $n$th roots of unity; the precise description of the ring depends on whether $n$is prime or composite. The techniques apply in more general situations, for example, infinite sets of angles, or more general constructions of subsets of the plane.
Acoustics variability of air gun signals recorded at intermediate ranges within the Lau Basin
Authors: Bohnenstiehl DelWayne R. , Scheip Corey M. , Matsumoto Haru , Dziak Robert P. 
Published: November 2012

During January–February 2009, an active‐source seismic survey was performed over the Eastern Lau Spreading Center in the Lau Back‐Arc Basin (21°S, 176°S). Acoustic signals generated by theR/V Langseth's 36‐gun pneumatic source array were recorded within the deep sound channel at offsets of 29–416 km. The local ocean acoustic environment is everywhere bottom limited, with seafloor depths within the study domain ranging from ∼1700–2800 m. Low‐frequency (4–125 Hz) sound levels are monitored using root‐mean‐square, energy‐flux‐density and zero‐to‐peak measurement techniques. From these field data, transmission loss is found to exceed the predictions of a geometric spherical spreading model. At similar ranges, arrival amplitudes vary by up to 20 dB and durations vary by a factor of three to six. The depth of the seafloor beneath the air gun source exhibits a positive correlation with arrival duration and a negative correlation with range‐corrected amplitude, explaining up to 30% of the observed variation in both parameters. The strength of this correlation, however, varies for stations lying at different azimuths, highlighting the importance of seafloor aspect and slope in the coupling of bottom‐interacting acoustic energy into the sound channel. Range‐dependent ray tracing shows that shots deployed over shallower seafloor are more likely to produce sound channel trapped signals that propagate with limited bottom interaction. This results in arrivals that are more impulsive, with shorter durations and higher amplitudes. Shots deployed in deeper water typically undergo a larger number of bounces and are characterized by more emergent, longer duration and smaller amplitude arrivals.
Interferometric background reduction for femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering loss spectroscopy
Authors: Dobner Sven , Cleff Carsten , Fallnich Carsten , Groß Petra 
Published: November 2012

We present a purely optical method for background suppression in nonlinear spectroscopy based on linear interferometry. Employing an unbalanced Sagnac interferometer, an unprecedented background reduction of 17  dB over a broad bandwidth of 60  THz (2000  cm−1) is achieved and its application to femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering loss spectroscopy is demonstrated. Apart from raising the signal-to-background ratio in the measurement of the Raman intensity spectrum, this interferometric method grants access to the spectral phase of the resonant χ(3) contribution. The spectral phase becomes apparent as a dispersive lineshape and is reproduced numerically with a simple oscillator model.
Annonas: soursop and Rollinia.
Authors: Paull R. E. , Duarte O. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This chapter on soursop (Annona muricata) and Rollinia (R. mucosa) provides information on taxonomy, areas of origin and distribution, environmental requirements for cultivation (soil physical and chemical properties, rainfall, air temperature, light and photoperiod, and wind), morphology (flowers, stems and fruits), development (flowering, pollination, fruit set, and fruit growth and ripening), cytology (chromosome number) and genetic improvement, cultivar development, propagation (through seeds and clonal propagation), cultural practices (field preparation, transplanting and spacing, irrigation, pruning, and fertilizer application), bacterial and fungal disease management (mainly through cultural control), insect pest management (through chemical and biological control), weed management (through chemical, physical and cultural control), harvesting and postharvest handling, and utilization and processing.
Breadfruit, jackfruit, chempedak and marang.
Authors: Paull R. E. , Duarte O. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This chapter on breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), jackfruit (A. heterophyllus), chempedak (A. integer) and marang (A. odoratissimus) covers the following: taxonomy, geographical distribution, environmental requirements for growth (climate, and soil chemical and physical properties), plant morphology (whole tree, flowers and fruits) and development (pollination, and fruit set, growth and ripening), cultivar development and genetic improvement, cultural practices (propagation and nursery management, transplanting and plant spacing, irrigation, pruning and fertilizer application), diseases and insect pests, weed management (cultural control), orchard protection, harvesting, postharvest handling, and utilization.
Passion fruit and giant passion fruit.
Authors: Paull R. E. , Duarte O. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This chapter on passion fruits (Passiflora edulis and P. edulis f. flavicarpa) and giant passion fruit (P. quadrangularis) covers the following: taxonomy, areas of origin and distribution, environmental requirements for cultivation (climate, and soil chemical and physical properties), plant morphology (vine, flowers and fruits) and development (pollination, and fruit set, growth and ripening), cultivar development and selection, cultural practices (propagation, transplanting and spacing, hand pollination, pruning and training, irrigation, and fertilizer application), diseases and insect pests, harvesting, postharvest handling, and utilization.
Modeling Disaster: The Failure of the Management of the New England Groundfish Industry
Authors: Acheson James M. , Gardner Roy 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Most of the world's marine fisheries are overexploited or endangered, including the Gulf of Maine groundfish fishery, once one of the world's most prolific. After 35 years of management, groundfish stock sizes and catches are lower than when management began. We argue that in New England, the groundfishing industry is caught in a prisoner's dilemma caused by a large number of interactive social, political, and economic variables. These factors have (1) motivated fishermen to oppose the rules promulgated by the government (which we call the “harvest game”) and (2) lowered the benefits of investing in rules to conserve fish stocks (which we call the “rule game”). In both games, fishermen are motivated to play their dominant strategy to the detriment of the industry, conservation, and fish stocks. We suggest that the dilemma will only be solved by a change in the culture of the industry that would lead to support for a conservation ethic. Unfortunately, the current institutional framework of management does not support the development of such an ethic. Rational-choice theory and concepts from evolutionary game theory add to our understanding of the dilemma facing those concerned with groundfish management in this region.
Received March 3, 2010; accepted June 16, 2011
Performance of Surplus Production Models with Time-Varying Parameters for Assessing Multispecies Assemblages
Authors: Nesslage Geneviève M. , Wilberg Michael J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Single-species surplus production models are often used to assess multispecies assemblages in data-poor situations where catch and effort data are insufficient to perform individual species assessments. We examined the performance of single-species surplus production models applied to aggregated multispecies assemblages and explored the incorporation of time-varying parameters to improve model estimates. We simulated the dynamics of three species with different intrinsic growth rates and survey catchabilities over 50 years in the presence of fishing and a single fishery-independent survey. Schaefer surplus production models with and without time-varying growth rate and catchability were fitted to simulated data. We then compared the ability of each model to accurately estimate multispecies maximum sustainable yield and terminal year biomass and to accurately reflect overall trends in individual component stocks. All models produced biased estimates, but the accuracy of multispecies assemblage maximum sustainable yield was improved with the incorporation of time-varying parameters. The terminal biomass of the assemblage was best estimated by a basic production model in two of three scenarios. Multispecies assemblage trends were not reflective of all individual component species, resulting in situations in which some species were overexploited and others underexploited. Although the incorporation of time-varying parameters improved the accuracy of some estimates in this application, the direction and magnitude of bias may not be predictable unless the relative differences in growth rate and catchability among species in the assemblage are known. If single-species surplus production models are the only viable option for modeling assemblages, precautionary reference points should be adopted. Scaling the level of precaution to the range of growth rates among species in the assemblage is recommended.
Received February 19, 2012; accepted August 8, 2012
Theoretical analysis of polymeric and crystalline thick films melting with a single gold nanoparticle embedded in a transparent matrix under nanosecond pulsed laser excitation
Authors: Rahimi L , Bahrampour A R , Pepe G P 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Optothermal properties of noble metal nanoparticles can be used in a wide range of applications. This paper presents the results of a theoretical study on the utilization of laser-induced heating of a gold nanoparticle (GNP) to melt a region of a transparent material with sub-wavelength spatial resolution. The considered system consists of a 10 or 15 nm diameter GNP fixed inside a silica substrate. The silica surface is covered with a thick film of the transparent polymeric or crystalline material. The heating and melting processes are studied under a 7.5 ns pulsed laser illumination. Calculations are conducted under three temperature limits, on the maximum temperature of the free electrons, the maximum temperature of the GNP and the maximum temperature of the film layer. The temperature limits lead to the limiting of the average laser power. The maximum allowable value of the average laser power and the effect of various parameters on spatial characteristics of the molten region are considered.
Effects of Percutaneous Stimulation of Both Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Cardiac Autonomic Nerves on Cardiac Function in Dogs
Authors: Kobayashi Mariko , Sakurai Seiichiro , Takaseya Tohru , Shiose Akira , Kim Hyun-Il , Fujiki Masako , Karimov Jamshid H. , Dessoffy Raymond , Massiello Alex , Borowski Allen G. , Van Wagoner David R. , Jung Eugene , Fukamachi Kiyotaka 
Published: November 2012

Objective Augmentation of left ventricular (LV) contractility and heart rate (HR) by sympathetic nerve stimulation and amelioration of heart failure by vagal nerve stimulation has been reported. However, the effects of concomitant electrical stimulation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac nerves in tissues such as those of the cardiac plexus remain unclear. This study sought to assess acute changes in cardiac function and hemodynamics in response to endovascular cardiac plexus stimulation (CPS). Methods Twelve dogs received endovascular CPS via a bipolar catheter within the right pulmonary artery. Stimulation frequency (20 Hz) and pulse width (4 milliseconds) were fixed; voltage varied (range, 15–60 V). Results Results fell into three categories: 1, no response (n = 4); 2, an increase in systemic arterial pressure that was dependent on electrode placement (n = 4); and 3, a very reproducible and stable increase in aortic pressure (n = 4). In the third group, mean systolic aortic pressures, maximum value of the first derivative of LV pressure, and LV stroke work increased with stimulation (P < 0.02 for all parameters) as did cardiac output, end-systolic elastance, and preload recruitable stroke work (P = 0.03). Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, central venous pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and HR remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Conclusions In contrast to conventional inotropic agents, endovascular CPS induced significant and selective increases in LV contractility without increasing HR. Efforts to optimize electrode placement and fixation will improve the reproducibility of endovascular CPS treatment.