bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal and Radiation Stability of Nanomaterials
Authors: Andrievski Rostislav A. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe kinetic/thermodynamic stabilization recent results of grain growth in nanomaterials (NMs)-based metals, alloys, and compounds are generalized. Due to their large share of interfaces which can act as the sinks for radiation defects, NMs show improved irradiation resistance such as the resistance to amorphization, hardening and swelling. Radiation defects will tend also to the nanostructure annihilation and transformation into amorphous state. Some unsolved problems are emphasized.
Investigation of Maxillofacial Morphology and Dental Development in Hemifacial Microsomia
Authors: Ahiko Nozomi , Baba Yoshiyuki , Tsuji Michiko , Suzuki Shoichi , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Kindaichi Junko , Moriyama Keiji 
Published: March 2014

Objective Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital anomaly characterized by unilateral underdevelopment of the mandible and ear. This study was conducted to characterize maxillofacial morphology and dental development in Japanese patients with HFM. Design This is a retrospective hospital-based study. Patients The subject population comprised 12 boys and 12 girls (average age, 9.3 years) diagnosed with HFM. Main Outcome Measures We used posteroanterior (PA) and lateral cephalograms obtained at the first visit to analyze maxillofacial morphology and orthopantomograms to compare dental development between the affected and unaffected sides. Dental development was graded according to Nolla's stages of tooth calcification. Results PA cephalogram analysis showed that the occlusal plane inclined upward on the affected side in each patient. The mandibular body and ramus were smaller on the affected side than on the unaffected side. Lateral cephalogram analysis showed that the patients tended to have steep mandibles, large gonial angles, and a slightly convex facial structure. The affected side/unaffected side ratio of the mandibular body and ramus correlated with SNB, ANB, convexity, and mandibular plane. The difference in dental development between the affected and unaffected sides was significant at the mandibular molars and the mandibular canine. Conclusions This study demonstrates a correlation between lateral and frontal measurement parameters in patients with HFM. The data also showed delayed calcification in the mandibular molars on the affected side.
Patient-Based Outcomes After Tibia Fracture in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Sabatini Coleen S , Curtis Tracy A , Mahan Susan T 
Published: March 2014

Introduction :
Tibia fractures are common in pediatric patients and time necessary to return to normal function may be underappreciated. The purpose of this study was to assess functional recovery in pediatric patients who sustain tibia fractures, utilizing the Pediatrics Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI), in order to provide evidence-based information on post-injury functional limitations and anticipated recovery times.

Methods :
84patients (out of 264 eligible patients, response rate 32%) age 1.5-18 years treated for a tibia fracture at a large children's hospital between 1/07 and 4/08 completed a PODCI questionnaire at 6 and 12 months post-injury. PODCI questionnaires were compared to previously reportednormal controls using Student's t-test in six categories.

Results :
At 6 months after injury, the Sports functioning PODCI score was significantly less than healthy controls in both the parent reports for adolescent (mean 88.71 versus 95.4) and adolescent self-report (mean 90.44 versus 97.1); these showed no difference at 12 months.

Discussion :
For adolescents who sustain fractures of the tibia, there remains a negative impact on their sports functioning after 6 months that resolves by 12 months. Physicians can counsel their patients that although they may be limited in their sports function for some time after injury, it is anticipated that this will resolve by one year from the time of injury.

Level of Evidence :
Level II.
Efficiency comparison between the LLCL and LCL-filters based single-phase grid-tied inverters
Authors: Wu Weimin , Huang Min , Blaabjerg Frede 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
An LLCL-filter is becoming more attractive than an LCL-filter as the interface between the grid-tied inverter and the grid due to possibility of reducing the copper and the magnetic materials. The efficiency of the LLCL-filter based single-phase grid-tied inverter also excites interests for many applications. The operation of the switches of the VSI is various with different modulation methods, which lead to different efficiencies for such a single-phase grid-tied inverter system, and therefore important research has been carried out on the effect of the choice of PWM schemes. Then power losses and efficiencies of the LLCL-filter and the LCL-filter based single-phase grid-tied inverters are analyzed and compared under the discontinuous unipolar, the dual-buck and the bipolar modulations. Results show that the efficiency of LLCL-filter based inverter system is higher than the LCL- filter based independent on the modulation method adopted. Experiments on a 2 kW prototype are in good agreement with results of the theoretical analysis
Multiobjective FEM based optimization of BLDC motor using Matlab and Maxwell scripting capabilities
Authors: Caramia R. , Piotuch R. , Pałka R. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The paper presents a methodology for the optimization of a Brushless Direct Current motor (BLDC). In particular it is focused on multiobjective optimization using a genetic algorithm (GA) developed in Matlab/Optimization Toolbox coupled with Maxwell from ANSYS. Optimization process was divided into two steps. The aim of the first one was to maximize the RMS torque value and to minimize the mass. The second part of the optimization process was to minimize the cogging torque by selecting proper magnet angle. The paper presents the methodology and capabilities of scripting methods rather than specific optimization results for the applied geometry
Cracking the Binary Code
Authors: Hazlehurst Benny 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This paper offers a critique of the ‘binary’ nature of much biblical interpretation and ethical belief in the Church, rejecting simplistic ‘either-or’ approaches to both. Instead there is offered an interpretation of key biblical texts through the lenses of circumstances, needs and motivation. It is argued that, when these factors are taken into account, even for Evangelicals, there is no longer a substantive biblical case against the acceptance of faithful, loving same-sex partnerships and the development of a positive Christian ethic for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. At the very least, the complexity of the interpretive task must lead to greater openness to and acceptance of those from whom we differ.
On Jordan Triple α-*Centralizers Of Semiprime Rings
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad , Mozumder Muzibur Rahman , Khan Almas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLet R be a 2-torsion free semiprime ring equipped with an involution *. An additive mapping T : R→R is called a left (resp. right) Jordan α-*centralizer associated with a function α: R→R if T(x2)=T(x)α(x*) (resp. T(x2)=α(x*)T(x)) holds for all x ∊ R. If T is both left and right Jordan α-* centralizer of R, then it is called Jordan α-* centralizer of R. In the present paper it is shown that if α is an automorphism of R, and T : R→ R is an additive mapping such that 2T(xyx)=T(x) α(y*x*) +α(x*y*)T(x) holds for all x, y ∊ R, then T is a Jordan α-*centralizer of R
The applicability of C-14 measurements in the soil gas for the assessment of leakage out of underground carbon dioxide reservoirs
Authors: Chałupnik Stanisław , Wysocka Małgorzata 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Poland, due to the ratification of the Kioto Protocol, is obliged to diminish the emission of greenhouse gases. One of the possible solutions of this problem is CO2 sequestration (CCS - carbon capture and storage). Such an option is a priority in the European Union. On the other hand, CO2 sequestration may be potentially risky in the case of gas leakage from underground reservoirs. The most dangerous event may be a sudden release of the gas onto the surface. Therefore, it is very important to know if there is any escape of CO2 from underground gas reservoirs, created as a result of sequestration. Such information is crucial to ensure safety of the population in areas located above geological reservoirs. It is possible to assess the origin of carbon dioxide, if the measurement of radiocarbon 14C concentration in this gas is done. If CO2 contains no 14C, it means, that the origin of the gas is either geological or the gas has been produced as a result of combustion of fossil fuels, like coal. A lot of efforts are focused on the development of monitoring methods to ensure safety of CO2 sequestration in geological formations. A radiometric method has been tested for such a purpose. The main goal of the investigations was to check the application possibility of such a method. The technique is based on the liquid scintillation counting of samples. The gas sample is at first bubbled through the carbon dioxide adsorbent, afterwards the adsorbent is mixed with a dedicated cocktail and measured in a low-background liquid scintillation spectrometer Quantulus. The described method enables measurements of 14C in mine and soil gas samples.
Monte Carlo calculated CT numbers for improved heavy ion treatment planning
Authors: Qamhiyeh Sima , Wysocka-Rabin Anna , Jäkel Oliver 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Better knowledge of CT number values and their uncertainties can be applied to improve heavy ion treatment planning. We developed a novel method to calculate CT numbers for a computed tomography (CT) scanner using the Monte Carlo (MC) code, BEAMnrc/EGSnrc. To generate the initial beam shape and spectra we conducted full simulations of an X-ray tube, filters and beam shapers for a Siemens Emotion CT. The simulation output files were analyzed to calculate projections of a phantom with inserts. A simple reconstruction algorithm (FBP using a Ram-Lak filter) was applied to calculate the pixel values, which represent an attenuation coefficient, normalized in such a way to give zero for water (Hounsfield unit (HU)). Measured and Monte Carlo calculated CT numbers were compared. The average deviation between measured and simulated CT numbers was 4 ± 4 HU and the standard deviation σ was 49 ± 4 HU. The simulation also correctly predicted the behaviour of H-materials compared to a Gammex tissue substitutes. We believe the developed approach represents a useful new tool for evaluating the effect of CT scanner and phantom parameters on CT number values.
Taurine-EVA copolymer-paraffin rods dosimeters for EPR high-dose radiation dosimetry
Authors: Maghraby Ahmed M. , Mansour A. , Abdel-Fattah A. A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Taurine/EPR rods (3 × 10 mm) have been prepared by a simple technique in the laboratory where taurine powder was mixed with a molten mixture of paraffin wax and an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. The binding mixture EVA/Paraffin does not present interference or noise in the EPR signal before or after irradiation. The rods show good mechanical properties for safe and multi-use handling. An EPR investigation of radiation induced radicals in taurine rods revealed that there are two types of radicals produced after exposure to gamma radiation (60Co). EPR spectra were recorded and analyzed - also the microwave power saturation and modulation amplitude were studied and optimized. Response of taurine to different radiation doses (1.5-100 kGy) was studied and found to follow a linear relationship up to 100 kGy. Radiation induced radicals in taurine persists and showed a noticeable stability over 94 days following irradiation. Uncertainities associated with the evaluation of radiation doses using taurine dosimeters were discussed and tabulated. It was found that taurine possesses good dosimetric properties using EPR spectroscopy in high doses in addition to its simple spectrum.
Behavioural responses to handling stress in the Great Tit: within-individual consistency and the effect of age, sex and body condition
Authors: Markó Gábor , Azcárate Manuel , Hegyi Gergely , Herceg Gábor , Laczi Miklós , Nagy Gergely , Señar Juan Carlos , Török János , Garamszegi László Zsolt 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In birds, individuals may show different behavioural and physiological responses when handling, and such variation may be related to individual differences in antipredator strategies. We performed a pilot study in both breeding and wintering populations of the Great Tit (Parus major), and we characterised three typical behavioural traits during a standard ringing procedure in captured birds. We assessed between- individual variations in breath rate, pecking rate and the number of distress calls displayed in response to handling, and also calculated the within-individual variation of these traits by repeated behavioural measurements. We found that these behaviours were consistently displayed within individuals (with repeatability varying between 0.44 and 0.82), and there was also some modest correlation between them (e.g. breath rate covaried with the number of distress calls). Furthermore, using multivariate linear models assessing a role of some potential predictors we found that a considerable amount of between-individual variation can be explained by sex and age differences and also by variation in body condition. However, the magnitude and direction of these relationships was inconsistent across seasons. Our results are in line with previous findings that several consistent behavioural traits measured during human handling could reflect individual specific antipredator strategy, but some confounding effects cannot be ruled out. Hence, our preliminary results require careful interpretation, and further studies are needed to assess the exact magnitude by which different behavioural traits are inter-related
Intraspecific kleptoparasitism in flock-fishing Great Crested Grebes (Podiceps cristatus) and Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) – a cost to participants?
Authors: Källander Hans 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Intraspecific kleptoparasitism was studied in flock-fishing Great Crested Grebes Podiceps cristatus during May and June 2011 and in Great Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo during September 2011 and August 2012 at Lake Krankesjön, South Sweden, for a total of c.11 h for grebes and c.6 h for cormorants. Only attempts to steal large fish (relative to a bird’s gape) were recorded, because small fish mostly did not elicit kleptoparasitic attempts and those seen appeared never to be successful. Attempts to steal large fish were rare, 0.14 h-1 grebe-1 (N = 96) and 0.39 h-1 cormorant-1 (N = 163). In both species, the host lost its fish in about 20% of cases. Based on the observed low parasitism and success rates, it is concluded that kleptoparasitism was a minor cost of participating in flock-fishing
The role of elastosonography, gray-scale and colour flow Doppler sonography in prediction of malignancy in thyroid nodules
Authors: Tatar Idil Gunes , Kurt Aydin , Yilmaz Kerim Bora , Doğan Mehmet , Hekimoglu Baki , Hucumenoglu Sema 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background. Ultrasound is as a noninvasive method commonly used in the work-up of thyroid nodules. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of sonographic and elastosonographic parameters in the discrimination of malignancy.
Patients and methods. 150 thyroid nodules were evaluated by gray-scale, Doppler and elastosonography. The cytological analysis revealed that 141 nodules were benign and 9 were malignant.
Results. Orientation of the nodule was the only sonographic parameter associated with malignancy (p = 0.003). In the strain ratio analysis the best cut-off point was 1.935 to discriminate malignancy (p = 0.000), with 100% sensitivity, 76% specificity, 100% negative predictive value, 78.5% positive predictive value and 78% accuracy rate. There was a statistically significant correlation between the elasticity score and malignancy (p = 0.001). Most of the benign nodules had score 2 and 3, none of them displayed score 5. On the other hand, none of the malignant nodules had score 1 and 2, most of them displaying score 5.
Conclusions. A change in the diagnostic algorithm of the thyroid nodules should be considered integrating the elastosonographic analysis
Using bees algorithms for solution of radar pavement monitoring inverse problem
Authors: Krainyukov Alexander , Kutev Valery , Andreeva Elena 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This work has focused on using of Bee Algorithm and Artificial Bee Colony algorithm for solution the inverse problem of subsurface radar probing in frequency domain. Bees Algorithms are used to minimize the aim function. Tree models of road constructions and their characteristics have been used for solution of the subsurface radar probing inverse problem. There has been investigated the convergence of BA and ABC algorithms at minimisation of the aim function of the inverse problem of radar subsurface probing of roadway structures. There has been investigated the impact of free arguments of BA and ABC algorithm, width of the frequency range and width of the searching interval on the error of reconstruction of electro-physical characteristics of layers and duration of algorithm operating. There has been investigated the impact of electro-physical characteristics of roadway structure layers and width of the frequency range on aim function of radar pavement monitoring inverse problem.
Laser Beam Material Removal from Carbide Cutting Tools
Authors: Breidenstein B. , Gey C. , Denkena B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCutting tool performance and life span is decisively determined by tool micro geometry. Honed cutting edges as well as special tool micro shapes are mainly produced by abrasive processes. Recently there is a growing interest in alternative processes such as laser beam material removal in order to achieve a higher diversity and flexibility in tool micro shaping. The parameters applied in laser machining are responsible for the material behavior during machining and for the material properties after machining. The presented paper shows the effects of laser beam material removal on the properties of carbide cutting tools. As most of these tools are coated before use, the influence of subsequent PVD-coating process steps on carbide characteristics is also investigated. The results are compared to those of not laser machined tools. An influence of laser machining on roughness, phase composition and residual stress could be demonstrated, depending on laser machining parameters.
Residual Stresses in High Speed Turning of Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Peng R. L. , Zhou J.-M. , Johansson S. , Bellinius A. , Bushlya V. , Stahl J.-E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractResidual stresses induced by machining operations can be critical for the performance and lifetime of the machined components. This paper investigated the influence of cutting conditions, including the use of cutting fluid, cutting speed and tool flank wear, on the residual stresses in high speed turning of Inconel 718 alloy. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed characteristic residual stress distributions with tensile stresses in a thin surface layer and compressive stresses in a much thicker subsurface layer in all investigated samples. However, the magnitude of the surface tensile stresses and subsurface compressive stresses as well as the size of the tension and compression zone depended on the cutting parameters. Surface tensile residual stresses over 1600 MPa and 1400 MPa were induced by tool flank wear and increased cutting speed, respectively, in dry turning. The effect of cutting induced local plasticity and temperature increase on the observed residual stress distributions was analyzed based on microstructural study by electron channeling contrast imaging and electron backscatter diffraction.
Surface-area changes of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau interior area since the 1970s using recent Landsat images and historical maps
Authors: Junfeng Wei , Shiyin Liu , Wanqin Guo , Xiaojun Yao , Junli Xu , Weijia Bao , Zongli Jiang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau interior area (TPIA), often termed the Qangtang Plateau, is distinguished by many dome-like mountains higher than 6000 ma.s.l. These mountains provide favourable conditions for the development of ice caps and glaciers of extreme continental/subpolar type. According to historical topographic maps (1959–80) and recent Landsat images (2004–11), continuous retreat was observed and the glacierized part of this area decreased by 9.5% (0.27% a–1) with respect to the total glacier area of 8036.4 km2 in the 1970s. Glaciers in the Zhari Namco basin have experienced the highest area shrinkage, with a reduction rate of 0.72% a–1, while the smallest reduction occurred in Bangong Co (0.12% a–1) and Dogai Coying basins (0.11% a–1). A regional gradient of area loss was found, with a larger decrease in the south and a smaller decrease in the north of the plateau. Comparisons indicate glaciers have experienced smaller shrinkage in the TPIA than in surrounding regions. Glacier shrinkage in the TPIA is mainly attributed to an increase in air temperature, while precipitation, glacier size and positive difference of glaciation also played an important role.
An illustrated key to world species of the mite family Trochometridiidae (Acari: Prostigmata), with description of a new species and new insect host records
Authors: Loghmani Amir , Hajiqanbar Hamidreza , Talebi Ali Asghar 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe mite species Trochometridium mutilliphillum Loghmani and Hajiqanbar new species (Acari: Trombidiformes: Trochometridiidae) associated with two mutillid wasps of the genera Tricholabiodes Radoszkowski and Dentilla Lelej (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) is described from northeastern Iran. Some new host records for species of the genus Trochometridium Cross are reported, including a remarkable new record of an association between the mite family Trochometridiidae and the order Diptera. Also, an illustrated key to world genera and species of the family Trochometridiidae is provided.
The Place of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists in the Management of Endometriosis
Authors: Descamps Philippe , Andreeva Elena , Leng Jinhua , Salehpour Saghar , Chapron Charles 
Published: March 2014

Purpose This review focuses on the use of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, a typically marginalized class of drugs, and describes their role in the management of endometriosis, with special interest in 4 regions: Western Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and China. Methods The authors met in Dubai in November 2012 for a consensus meeting on the use of GnRH agonists in the 4 regions. The meeting was based on a review of the published regional guidelines for endometriosis and a selective literature search of articles published in the past 5 years that focused on the use of GnRH agonists in endometriosis. Results The guidelines place GnRH agonists as a second-line option for the management of pain in deep infiltrating endometriosis and to improve fertility in women planning to undergo in vitro fertilization. Published articles and personal evidence presented at the meeting suggest that surgery for endometriomas should be delayed as long as possible to conserve ovarian function and that GnRH agonist therapy after surgery may reduce their recurrence. However, although add-back therapy is advocated with the use of GnRH agonists, there is no consensus on when this should be started. Conclusions There are important regional differences in cultural sensitivities to diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis, as well as a diverging approach to surgery. Given the limitations and conflicts in the diagnosis and management of endometriosis, it is essential that the available drugs, including the GnRH agonists, are used in the most appropriate settings.