bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consecutive Friedel–Crafts acyl rearrangements and Scholl reactions of dinaphthyl ketones
Authors: Oded Yaacov Netanel , Mala’bi Tahani , Pogodin Sergey , Cohen Shmuel , Bogoslavsky Benny , Biedermann P. Ulrich , Agranat Israel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The three dinaphthylketone constitutional isomers, 1,1′-NA

2

CO, 1,2′-NA

2

CO, and 2,2′-NA

2

CO, have been subjected to Friedel–Crafts Acylation (polyphosphoric acid (PPA), 90–300°C, 12 h) and Scholl reaction (AlCl3/NaCl, 120–300°C, 4 h). The resulting product mixtures are analyzed by NMR and separated by column chromatography. The starting ketones and the products have been calculated with DFT, B3LYP/6-311G**, to support analysis of the reaction mechanisms. The three dinaphthyl ketones have three, four, and three E,Z-conformations, which may potentially give ten Scholl reaction products by ortho-ortho, ortho-peri, and peri-peri couplings. In PPA, the products formed at relatively low temperatures are due to Scholl reactions of the starting ketones. At higher temperatures, naphthalene is formed and Friedel Crafts acyl rearrangements (FCAcRs) 1,1′-NA

2

CO → 1,2′-NA

2

CO → 2,2′-NA

2

CO are observed. At high temperatures, additional Scholl products show that complex multi-step reactions occur including FCAcRs in both directions and cyclic FCAcRs of Scholl products. The reactions in AlCl3/NaCl are highly selective, giving only the 6-ring Scholl cyclization products 13H-dibenzo[a,i]fluoren-13-one and 7H-benzo[hi]chrysen-7-one (B

hi

CO) and 7H-benzo[de]naphthacen-7-one (B

de

NCO). Up to 240°C 1,1′-NA

2

CO forms B

hi

CO and up to 220°C 1,2′-NA

2

CO forms B

de

NCO. At higher temperatures, both polycyclic aromatic ketones are formed from each of the three dinaphthyl ketones indicating FCAcRs. The detailed analysis of the experimental data in combination with the DFT calculations shows that FCAcRs are reactions in both directions in PPA and AlCl3/NaCl, substantiating Gore’s 1955 proposition that the Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction of reactive aromatic hydrocarbons is a reversible process. The lower onset temperatures and selectivity of cyclization products suggest lower activation energies for Scholl reactions as compared to FCAcRs in PPA and even more pronounced in AlCl3/NaCl. The common network of reaction pathways underlying the reactions in both media highlights the linkage between Friedel–Crafts acyl rearrangements and Scholl reactions.

Graphical Abstract
Electron density derived from dual-energy CT for predicting thrombolytic therapeutic efficacy in patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Nagano Hiroaki , Takumi Koji , Nagano Erina , Nakanosono Ryota , Nakajo Masatoyo , Kamimura Kiyohisa , Nakajo Masanori , Kanzaki Fumiko , Ejima Fumitaka , Ayukawa Takuro , Hasegawa Tomohito , Nakano Tsubasa , Hirahara Mitsuho , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To clarify the usefulness of electron density (ED) using dual-energy CT (DECT) parameters for predicting treatment response in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE).

Materials and methods
The study population comprised 30 patients with PE (49 thrombi) who underwent pretreatment DECT. The study coordinator diagnosed PE using contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) as the gold standard and annotated the location of thrombi on CECT prior to the DECT image analyses. CT attenuation values on conventional 120 kVp, 40 keV, and 70 keV virtual monochromatic (VM) images; effective atomic number; and ED of pretreatment pulmonary thrombi were measured on unenhanced CT. Thrombi were classified into dissolved and residual groups according to the findings of posttreatment follow-up CT. DECT parameters were compared between the two groups using the Mann–Whitney U test. For statistically significant parameters, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate their performance for differentiating two groups. Diagnostic accuracy for predicting treatment response in patients with PE was determined by calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUC).

Results
ED values, CT values on conventional 120 kVp imaging, and those on 70 keV VM imaging were significantly higher in thrombi in the dissolved group than the residual group (p < 0.001, p = 0.012, p = 0.009, respectively). AUC values for predicting dissolution response by ED, conventional 120 kVp imaging, and 70 keV VM imaging (cut-off value, 3.49 × 1023/cm3, 53.4 HU, and 50.7 HU, respectively) were 0.856, 0.744, and 0.755, respectively. AUC was significantly higher for ED than for conventional 120 kVp imaging and 70 keV VM imaging (p = 0.032, p = 0.016).

Conclusions
ED derived from unenhanced DECT may help predict therapeutic efficacy in patients with PE.
Optimizing donations for End-of-life healthcare: investments in service diversity initiatives
Authors: Starkey Christopher M. , Vaezinejad Soode , Schniederjans Dara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
End-of-life (EoL) healthcare facilities, relying on government funding, face restrictive per diem payment options, which has led to a renewed focus on donations from third parties. In this study, the role of diversity in donations at EoL facilities is examined, in which internal diversity is analyzed via patient diversity and external diversity through providers, referral sources, and service providers. General linear regression is employed on a dataset from 5,010 EoL facilities. The findings show that patient racial diversity in an EoL facility is positively associated with donations, whereas diversity in referral sources, providers, and service providers is negatively associated with donations.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor restores daily function in patient with microsatellite instability (MSI)-high advanced endometrial cancer and poor performance status
Authors: Matsui Ayaka , Yoshida Taichi , Takahashi Yuya , Fukuda Koji , Shimazu Kazuhiro , Taguchi Daiki , Shinozaki Hanae , Kodama Naoaki , Kato Shunsuke , Waki Hironori , Nanjo Hiroshi , Shibata Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The immune checkpoint system suppresses T-cell activity. Unlike cytotoxic anticancer drugs that directly kill cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are generally safer by stimulating tumor immunity. However, most clinical trials require patients to have a better performance status (PS), leaving limited evidence for those with poorer PS. In practice, patients may be classified with poor PS due to tumor-induced pain and motor dysfunction, even if major organs remain functional. Real-world data on non-small cell lung cancer has shown no safety difference between patients with PS 3/4 and those with lower PS. Approximately 20–30% of endometrial cancer cases show microsatellite instability-high (MSI-high), the highest among common malignancies. A 46-year-old patient with advanced, recurrent endometrial cancer resistant to standard chemotherapy, and PS of 4 from severe pelvic pain, was diagnosed with MSI-high. Pembrolizumab was initiated and continued for 19 courses, after which lesions had disappeared or calcified, leading to drug discontinuation. Now, 4 and a half years post-treatment, she has regained independent mobility and returned to work, and her PS has improved to approximately 1. Side effects included Grade 2 or lower thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, and hypoadrenalism, manageable with hormone replacement therapy and temporary pembrolizumab suspension. This case underscores the need to test for MSI-high/mismatch repair deficiency in endometrial cancer and to consider ICI therapy in patients with poor PS but no major organ dysfunction. In such cases, ICI can rapidly improve overall condition, a phenomenon known as a Lazarus-type response, as seen in other cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer.
Efficacy of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitor Cell Replacement Therapy in a Vascular Dementia Animal Model
Authors: Kim Jang Hun , Kang Ho-Young , Lee Jihun , Kim Jong-Hoon , Geum Dongho , Park Dong-Hyuk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Cell replacement therapy is the only treatment that restores or repairs the function of impaired tissues in neurodegenerative diseases, including vascular dementia (VaD); however, current VaD treatments focus on slowing or mitigating the underlying small vessel disease progression. We aimed to verify the improvement in neurocognition after administering human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from in a VaD animal model.

Methods
After anesthesia, 10–12-week-old male C5BL/6 mice underwent sham or bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) surgeries. For BCAS, 0.18-mm micro-coils were wound around the bilateral common carotid arteries to induce chronic vascular insufficiency in the global brain. One day after surgery, the mice were administered phosphate buffer solution or NPC from hiPSCs via the tail vein for 15 d, and divided into sham (n = 6), VEH (n = 6), and NPC (n = 7) groups. Three months after the surgery, neurobehavioral tests including the Y-maze test (YMT), passive avoidance test (PAT), and novel object recognition test (NORT) were performed. Finally, mice brains were sectioned for evaluating microglia (Iba-1), astrocyte (GFAP) activation, and myelin (MBP) degeneration through immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results
PAT latency (p = 0.01) and discrimination index in the NORT (p = 0.043) increased considerably in the NPC group than in the VEH group. However, alterations in YMT were not considerably higher in the NPC group than in the VEH group (p = 0.65). IHC tests revealed that the GFAP- and IBA-1-positive cell number was remarkably lower in the NPC group than in the VEH group (p < 0.05). Moreover, MBP density was higher in the NPC group.

Conclusion
hiPSC-derived NPCs have therapeutic potential in cerebral hypoperfusion VaD mice; it improves the working memory of VaD animals by diminishing inflammatory reactions and protecting them from demyelination.
Comment on the paper “computational 3D-modeling and simulations of generalized heat transport enhancement in cross-fluids with multi-nanoscale particles using galerkin finite element method, Abdulaziz Alsenafi, M. Nawaz, computational particle mechanics https://doi.org/10.1007/s40571-024–00727-w”
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Many serious errors exist in the above paper.
Bergman spaces and reproducing kernel for the biquaternionic Vekua equation
Authors: Vicente-Benítez Víctor A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We analyze the main properties of the Bergman spaces of weak

$$L_p$$

L
p

- solutions for a biquaternionic Vekua equation of the form

$$\begin{aligned} {\textbf{D}}w(x)-{\textbf{Q}}_Aw(x)=0 \end{aligned}$$

D
w

(
x
)

-

Q
A

w

(
x
)

=
0

on bounded domains of

$${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

, where the operator

$${\textbf{Q}}_A$$

Q
A

involves quaternionic conjugation and multiplications, both left and right, by essentially bounded functions. Properties such as completeness, separability, and reflexivity are shown. It is demonstrated that the solutions belonging to the Bergman spaces are locally Hölder continuous and that the evaluation maps are bounded in the

$$L_p$$

L
p

-norm. Consequently, for the case

$$p=2$$

p
=
2

, we obtain a reproducing integral kernel and an explicit formula for the orthogonal projection onto the Bergman space. For

$$1<p<\infty $$

1
<
p
<
∞

, the explicit form for the annihilator of the Bergman space in the dual

$$L_{p'}$$

L

p
′

is presented, along with an orthogonal decomposition for

$$L_2$$

L
2

.
Waste-Derived Geopolymers for Artificial Coral Development by 3D Printing
Authors: Martins J. R. , Novais R. M. , Hotza D. , Labrincha J. A. , Senff L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Coral reefs are vital to marine ecosystems, providing habitat and protection for marine life and serving as natural barriers against coastal erosion. However, coral degradation due to climate change, coastal development, and marine exploration require alternatives like artificial corals. This study explores the use of geopolymers based on industrial waste, specifically biomass fly ash and red mud, for creating artificial corals. Geopolymers offer an eco-friendly solution by repurposing waste materials and providing resistance to environmental stressors like saline water. This research investigates the mineralogical and mechanical properties of geopolymers formed using 3D printing and casting. The 3D-printed samples exhibited compressive strengths ranging from 4 to 10 MPa, sufficient to withstand marine environmental stresses, although lower than the 20 to 30 MPa observed in cast samples. The mineralogical analysis showed the presence of compatible phases including hematite and calcium carbonate, which enhance environmental compatibility. The study highlights the potential of waste-based geopolymers as sustainable materials for artificial corals, emphasizing the benefits of using 3D printing to generate complex geometries and endow marine integration.

Graphical Abstract
Tip-over stability estimation and simulation of a manipulator using the mean normal ground reaction criterion
Authors: García-Hernández Juan C. , Gonzalez-Villela Victor J. , Souza-Jimenez Jose A. , Meda-Campaña Jesús A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The possibility of a robot failing to perform its task can be influenced by factors related to its movement and the load it carries. This concern is particularly important in mobile robots where these factors are more noticeable. Many researchers have conducted studies to quantify the loss of stability in different types of robots. However, these studies often require expensive and complex equipment for replication. Therefore, this research proposes an alternative approach to estimate tip-over stability in a simulated environment made in MATLAB/Simulink. The methodology involves using a 3-degree-of-freedom serial manipulator placed on an angular positioning table which are imported from CAD files respectively. The stability measure is determined by applying a criterion based on the average normal reactions at the base of the manipulator. Case studies are conducted to simulate operating conditions of both systems in order to assess the potential for tipping over based on the trajectory between two desired points. Estimation of tip-over is demonstrated by the values obtained by the reaction of the stability values of each edge of the system and the normalized stability for each case. Limitation of the process is discussed.
CoCoSo method based on generalized distance measure with trapezoidal fuzzy multi-numbers for solving multi-criteria decision-making method problems
Authors: Kocasakal Eda Gül , Uluçay Vakkas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, the authors develop the Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) method on trapezoidal fuzzy multi-numbers, where all the decision information takes the form of trapezoidal fuzzy multi-numbers. To construct the method, generalized distance measures between two trapezoidal fuzzy multi-numbers are presented. Finally, a real example is introduced and compared with different methods to show the applicability and feasibility of the proposed multi-attribute decision-making method.
Nutrient Interaction in the Soil-Plant System and Tree Physiological Functional Traits in an Urban Green Infrastructure
Authors: Scartazza Andrea , Vannucchi Francesca , Peruzzi Eleonora , Macci Cristina , Scatena Manuele , Manzini Jacopo , Masciandaro Grazia , Hoshika Yasutomo , Paoletti Elena 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Soil-plant indicators are useful to select tree species suitable for the urban conditions and to maximize the benefits provided by green infrastructures (GE). To identify effective indicators for GE, soil-plant nutrient interaction and related physiological responses were assessed in evergreen (Cupressus sempervirens L.) and deciduous (Acer opalus Mill., Acer rubrum L., Tilia platyphyllos Scop., Ulmus ‘Plinio’) tree species, in a novel urban GE (Florence, Italy). Soil and leaf nutrient contents and the soil enzyme stoichiometry were applied as indicators of plant nutrient status and bioavailability. Gas exchange and stable isotopes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were used as indicators of tree physiological status and resource-use strategies, respectively. The soil was suitable for tree growth, however, the enzyme activities estimated N limited condition. Trees differed in leaf nutrient composition and stoichiometry. Acer rubrum and A. opalus leaves had manganese concentration below and above the plant optimal range, respectively, leading to alteration in the nutrient uptake and on the leaf stoichiometry between C, N and phosphorus (C: N:P), with consequence for tree health status. Tilia platyphyllos and Ulmus ‘Plinio’ had the best photosynthetic performance, while photosynthesis in A. rubrum was severely impaired. Interspecific differences in N- and water-use strategies were observed. Tilia platyphyllos showed the highest water-use efficiency, leaf C: P and N: P compared to the other species. Tree nutritional and physiological traits gave insights into soil-plant nutrient interaction and may be proposed as useful indicators for choosing the most suitable species to improve GE management in urban environments.
Diet of the Florida spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius ambarvalis) in a dry prairie ecosystem
Authors: Harris Stephen N. , Flaherty Elizabeth A. , Doonan Terry J. , Hewett Ragheb Erin L. , Jachowski David S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Florida spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius ambarvalis) is disjunct from other eastern spotted skunk (S. putorius) subspecies and has rarely been studied. Declines in eastern spotted skunk populations elsewhere underscore the importance of better understanding the Florida subspecies’ ecology and resource use, including its potential impacts as a nest predator of imperiled ground-nesting birds. The objective of our study was to gather baseline information on Florida spotted skunk diet in the dry prairie ecosystem of Central Florida. We conducted a stable isotope analysis using hair samples from 39 skunks and compared these with 106 samples from potential food items in dry prairie in 2016 and 2017 at Three Lakes Wildlife Management Area in Osceola County, Florida. Our resultant Bayesian mixing model indicated that the most prevalent food items in the Florida spotted skunk diet were millipedes (Diplopoda; ~ 42% of the diet) and a group consisting of amphibians and reptiles (~ 16%). Less prevalent were the groups including ground-nesting birds—one group containing granivorous or herbivorous species (~ 15%) and another containing insectivorous species (~ 13%). Our study provides evidence that Florida spotted skunks in the dry prairie ecosystem likely have a generalist diet, like spotted skunks outside of Florida, as no food item composed a majority (> 50%) of their diet. This study provides the first insights into the diet of free-ranging Florida spotted skunks and fills a key knowledge gap in the ecology of this important predator of the Florida dry prairie ecosystem.
Comparison of Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles between Low-Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and Standard AGEs-Containing Weight-Loss Diets in Overweight Phenotype-A PCOS Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ozdemir Merve , Mumusoglu Sezcan , Bilgic Pelin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of a low-advanced glycation end products(AGEs) diet versus a standard AGE-containing weight-loss diet on metabolic and hormonal profiles of overweight phenotype-A polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) patients.A randomized controlled interventional study.A total of 44 Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients aged 19–35 were enrolled between January 2022 and May 2023. They were randomly assigned to 12-weeks of an energy-restricted Standard-AGEs diet(S-AGEs) or an energy-restricted Low-AGEs diet(L-AGEs). At baseline and after 12-weeks of intervention, weight loss, oligo-amenorrhea, hormonal profiles, plasma lipid profiles, and inflammation markers were evaluated. During the intervention, 8 participants from the L-AGEs group and 6 from the S-AGEs group dropped out. Completers had similar baseline characteristics to dropouts. In the per-protocol analysis, similar weight loss was observed in the L-AGEs(n = 14) and S-AGEs(n = 16) groups compared to baseline weight [-8.4 [-10.3 to -5.8] vs. -5.2 [-8.8 to -4.6] kg, respectively, p = 0.183]. However, in the L-AGEs group, fasting glucose levels decreased significantly more compared to the S-AGEs group (-8.5 [-11.5 to -3.5] vs. -0.5 [-3.7 to 0.7] mmol/L, respectively, p = 0.027). Following the diet intervention in the L-AGEs group, the waist-to-hip circumference ratio, LDL-cholesterol, TNF-α, total testosterone (TT), free-androgen index (FAI), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels significantly decreased compared to baseline levels, while sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels increased. In contrast, there was no statistically significant change in these parameters in the S-AGEs group.In addition to weight-loss, reducing dietary AGEs intake resulted in significantly greater improvements in metabolic and hormonal profiles among phenotype-A PCOS patients. Clinicaltrials.gov registration no. NCT05830487.
A pilot study for the preliminary validation of the Negative Emotions Scale (NES)
Authors: O’Farrell Dominic L. , Collard James J. , Norton Peter J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The classification of emotional distress has significant diagnostic and treatment implications in psychological therapy. Traditionally models of distress have favoured a unitary model of emotions where an emotional reaction is dysfunctional according to the severity of its experience. An alternative to this is the binary model of emotional distress, which deems an emotion dysfunctional on the basis of the quality of the emotion itself. This is determined by rational or irrational beliefs and behavioural drives associated with the emotion. Some research has sought to investigate the binary model. However, attempts to find support for its theoretical assumptions have been challenging, specifically including a lack of psychometrically sound measures relevant to its investigation. Accordingly, this paper aimed to address this issue by creating a new measurement scale (the Negative Emotions Scale) to provide preliminary validation of the binary model. A pilot study sample of adults (N = 108, M

age
= 39, Males = 26.9%, Females = 72.2%) completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Attitudes and Beliefs Scale II (ABS-II), the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ), and the Negative Emotions Scale (NES). Exploratory factor analyses indicated adequate loading of NES items to distinguish between functional and dysfunctional emotional pairings for depression/sadness, anxiety/concern, and anger/annoyance. Differences in association between rational and irrational beliefs were not found for anger-annoyance and shame-guilt constructs. However, depression-sadness showed difference according to rationality, and concern-anxiety to irrationality. These findings indicate initial support for the binary model of distress in this pilot study. This suggests future research with more robust analysis (such as CFA) and a larger sample may enhance these findings and provide practical utility for the clinical assessment of emotional distress.