bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on the Structure, Mechanical Property, Wear and Oxidation Resistances of TiAlSiN Coatings by Tailoring Al/(Al + Ti) Ratios
Authors: He Jin , Liu Gang , Ren Haoxiong , Liu Jing , Wang Hao , Qiu Longshi , Hu Xiaogang 
Published: July 2024

Previous studies have broadly dealt with TiAlSiN coatings that exhibit promising characteristics as surface protective layers for antiwear and antioxidation applications. In this regard, revealing the correlations among coating composition, structure, and properties is vitally important for developing advanced TiAlSiN coatings. The present work addresses the issue by studying the structure and properties of TiAlSiN coatings by tailoring Al/(Al + Ti) ratios. To this end, TiAlSiN coatings are produced by arc deposition with the Al/(Al + Ti) ratios of 0.31, 0.42, 0.51, and 0.62, respectively. The results show that, when the Al/(Al + Ti) ratio ranges from 0.31 to 0.51, the phase structure is mainly TiN phase, and the hardness, wear resistance and oxidation resistance of the films are increased with the rise in the Al/(Al + Ti) ratio. When the Al/(Al + Ti) ratio reaches 0.62, the oxidation resistance of the coating does not improve significantly, while the mechanical and wear properties of the coating are deceased due to the formation of w‐AlN phase. Therefore, the appropriate Al/(Al + Ti) ratio at 0.51 provides overall improvements including mechanical properties, and wear and oxidation resistances under operation conditions. These findings show that optimizing the Al/(Al + Ti) ratio is a promising way to develop TiAlSiN coatings with advanced structure and properties.
Smart Fabrics with Integrated Pathogen Detection, Repellency, and Antimicrobial Properties for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Abu Jarad Noor , Prasad Akansha , Rahmani Sara , Bayat Fereshteh , Thirugnanasampanthar Mathura , Hosseinidoust Zeinab , Soleymani Leyla , Didar Tohid F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHealthcare textiles serve as key reservoirs for pathogen proliferation, demanding an urgent call for innovative interventions. Here, a new class of Smart Fabrics (SF) is introduced with integrated “Repel, Kill, and Detect” functionalities, achieved through a blend of hierarchically structured microparticles, modified nanoparticles, and an acidity‐responsive sensor. SF exhibit remarkable resilience against aerosol and droplet‐based pathogen transmission, showcasing a reduction exceeding 99.90% compared to uncoated fabrics across various drug‐resistant bacteria, Candida albicans, and Phi6 virus. Experiments involving bodily fluids from healthy and infected individuals reveal a significant reduction of 99.88% and 99.79% in clinical urine and feces samples, respectively, compared to uncoated fabrics. The SF's colorimetric detection capability coupled with machine learning (96.67% accuracy) ensures reliable pathogen identification, facilitating accurate differentiation between healthy and infected urine and fecal contaminated samples. SF holds promise for revolutionizing infection prevention and control in healthcare facilities, providing protection through early contamination detection.
Native Defects Hybridization and Electronic Transport in Cu2Se‐CuGaSe2 Hierarchical Composites
Authors: Yin Zhixiong , Zhang Yinying , Huang Yiqiao , Schwarz Johnathan , Xi Zhucong , Uher Ctirad , Hovden Robert , Qi Liang , Poudeu Pierre F. P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEngineering the energy distribution of electronic defects in semiconductors can afford the coexistence of degenerate and nondegenerate transport behavior. By leveraging native defects in Cu2Se and CuGaSe2 phases, the tunability of the concentration and energy distribution of active electronic defects in hierarchical (1‐x)Cu2Se‐(x)CuGaSe2 composites is demonstrated. This study found that the electrical conductivity of various composites decreases with rising temperature indicating degenerate semiconducting behavior, whereas the carrier density increases with temperature, which is consistent with non‐degenerate semiconductivity. Remarkably, this study found that while the carrier density and electrical conductivity drop with the increasing CuGaSe2 content for samples with x ≤ 0.45 is consistent with an increase in the activation energy of “active” electronic defects, the sudden increase by 140% in the electrical conductivity and by 109% in the carrier density for near equimolar composition suggests the formation of a large density of electronic defects with lower activation energy. This unusual behavior is understood within the context of the hybridization of coexisting native electronic defects to form degenerate hybrid acceptor states with lower activation energy. The reported unique electronic transport can be leveraged for the development of more versatile electronic and optoelectronic devices with superior performance.
Anisotropic Heterobimetallic Nanomaterials with Controlled Composition for Efficient Oxygen Reduction at Ultralow Loading
Authors: Ming Siyi , Cobb Samuel J. , Rahaman Motiar , Sammy Nicholas , Reisner Erwin , Wheatley Andrew E. H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrogen fuel cells represent a leading technology in developing green energy targeting net‐zero emissions goals by mid‐century. However, the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have hitherto demanded substantial quantities of expensive platinum (Pt) group metals. Advances in catalyst design, including the controllable fabrication of highly branched morphologies to increase the surface area‐to‐volume ratio, intermixing Pt with more affordable transition metals, and controlling composition, offer solutions that can further enhance activity and reduce expense. In this context, Pt/M (M = Fe, Ni, Co) nanopods and nanodendrites with precise composition control using more affordable starting materials are designed and crafted. The method is highly efficient, taking only 30 min and avoiding the need for high‐pressure equipment, making it highly scalable. These catalysts show superior ORR performance at an electrode loading as low as 0.0022 mgPt cm−2. One, nanodendritic Pt/Ni, achieves a mass activity of at 0.9 V versus RHE, making it 87 times more efficient in terms of Pt‐content than a commercial 10 wt% Pt/C nanoparticle standard. These findings provide new opportunities for developing next‐generation, cost‐efficient Pt‐based catalysts, by potentially advancing hydrogen fuel cell technology through performance enhancement and addressing cost challenges through catalyst design.
Dried Blood Matrix as a New Material for the Detection of DNA Viruses
Authors: Lim Jongwon , Hwang Joanne , Min Hyegi , Wester Matthew , Kim Chansong , Valera Enrique , Kong Hyun Joon , Bashir Rashid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe gold standard for diagnosing viruses such as the Hepatitis B Virus has remained largely unchanged, relying on conventional methods involving extraction, purification, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This approach is hindered by limited availability, as it is time‐consuming and requires highly trained personnel. Moreover, it suffers from low recovery rates of the nucleic acid molecules for samples with low copy numbers. To address the challenges of complex instrumentation and low recovery rate of DNA, a drying process coupled with thermal treatment of whole blood is employed, resulting in the creation of a dried blood matrix characterized by a porous structure with a high surface‐to‐volume ratio where it also inactivates the amplification inhibitors present in whole blood. Drawing on insights from Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)‐ Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), detection assay is devised for HBV, as a demonstration, from whole blood with high recovery of DNA and simplified instrumentation achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 IU mL−1. This assay can be completed in <1.5 h using a simple heater, can be applied to other DNA viruses, and is expected to be suitable for point‐of‐care, especially in low‐resource settings.
Cascaded Heteroporous Nanocomposites for Thermo‐Adaptive Passive Radiation Cooling
Authors: Tang Weiming , Zhan Yaohui , Yang Jingrun , Meng Xue , Zhu Xingyue , Li Yong , Lin Tianyi , jiang Lei , Zhao Ziguang , Wang Shutao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPassive radiative cooling is a promising technology for heat dissipation that does not consume energy. However, current radiative cooling materials can only exhibit subambient cooling under atmospheric conditions and struggle to process specific heat accumulation. Thus, a passive thermal regulation mechanism adapted to wide‐temperature‐range applications is required to match device heating systems. Herein, a heteroporous nanocomposite film (HENF) with thermo‐adaptive radiation cooling performance is reported. Compared to conventional porous cooling films with limited scattering efficiencies, the HENFs with multistage scattering have a strong emissivity of 96.5% (8–13 µm) and a high reflectivity of 97.3% (0.3–2.5 µm), resulting in an ultrahigh cooling power of 114 W m−2. In such HENFs, theoretical analyses have confirmed the spectrum management superiority of the heteroporous unit in terms of the scattering efficiency strength, with their cascading effect enhancing the overall film‐cooling efficiency. The high mechanical performance, phase‐transition features, and environmental adaptive properties of HENFs are also exhibited. Importantly, HENFs synergistically couple thermal dissipation and absorption to effectively process heat accumulation and counteract thermal shock in heating devices. It is anticipated that thermo‐adaptive HENFs will act as a promising platform for device surface thermal regulation over a wide temperature range.
Vertical Thermal Emission from Optical Antennas on an Epsilon‐Near–Zero Substrate
Authors: Khan Irfan , Palei Milan , Dominguez Owen , Simmons Evan , Podolskiy Viktor A. , Hoffman Anthony J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work presents a novel approach to achieve directional and normal thermal emission from epsilon‐near–zero (ENZ) materials. ENZ materials exhibit near–zero permittivity at the ENZ point, resulting in some unique properties compared to conventional optical materials including infinite wavelength, constant phase distribution, and decoupling of spatial and temporal fields inside the ENZ material. These properties are used to engineer the far‐field thermal emission from optical antennas fabricated on ENZ film in the mid‐infrared. By coupling the antenna resonance mode with the Berreman mode of the ENZ material, highly directional and normal emission is demonstrated. This approach could have significant implications for thermal management, energy conversion, and sensing applications.
Absolute Quantum Efficiency Measurements of Electrochemiluminescent Devices Through Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Moon Chang‐Ki , Gather Malte C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAC‐operating electrochemiluminescent devices (ECLDs) have recently shown a substantial increase in brightness, making them potentially relevant for applications in lighting and displays. To further improve the performance of these liquid‐state light‐emitting devices, it is essential to reliably assess the absolute quantum efficiency of electrochemiluminescence and the electrochemical reactions leading to exciton formation. However, significant non‐faradaic currents occurring under the AC operation schemes make it challenging to quantify the number of charges involved in the electrochemical reactions. Here, faradaic and non‐faradaic currents in sandwich‐type ECLDs are analysed by electric impedance spectroscopy and to assess the absolute quantum efficiency of the electrochemiluminescence (ΦECL). An equivalent circuit model enables analysis of the current at different voltage amplitudes and operating frequencies. The analysis reveals that non‐faradaic currents stem primarily from capacitive currents associated with the formation of electric double‐layers near liquid/electrode interfaces. Their contribution to the total current increases at high operating frequencies and low voltages. For ECLDs operating based on an exciplex‐formation and energy transfer pathway, the estimated ΦECL and resulting exciton formation efficiency are 0.53% and 27%, respectively. Reverse redox reactions are identified as a significant loss factor, thus indicating potential avenues for future improvements.
High‐Performance P‐N Junction Heterostructure with Carbon Quantum Dot and Nitrogen Self‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Visible Light Photodetection
Authors: Zandi Pegah , Phani Arindam , Kim Seonghwan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOrganic photodetectors (OPDs) hold immense promise for optoelectronic applications. Here a zero‐biased, high‐performance organic photodetector employing a 2D organic heterostructure is introduced. The structure combines carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with nitrogen self‐doped graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4+) and is tested for alternating current (AC) photodetection on an interdigitated electrode platform. The study reveals extraordinary performance driven by the synergistic effects of efficient charge excitation, separation, and emission within the 2D/2D CQD/g‐C3N4+ heterostructure, leveraging mechanisms of photoconduction, photogating, and fluorescence. A unique convergence to similar rise and decay times in the order of 2.9 ms is observed at higher frequencies in the visible (Vis) spectrum. Benchmarking against state‐of‐the‐art OPDs shows ultrahigh specific detectivity (4.60 × 1018 Jones), ultrahigh responsivity (1.43 × 107 A W−1), high external quantum efficiency (43 × 107%) at an optical intensity of 3.56 × 10−4 mW cm−2 and a wavelength of 405 nm while delivering competitive performance at 532 and 635 nm as well. Moreover, a large linear dynamic range of 86–162 dB in the Vis spectrum is obtained. These enhancements promise development of a new generation of OPDs to advance light sensing and imaging applications at high frequency, marking a significant milestone in optoelectronic device engineering.
Supramolecular Light‐Harvesting Nanoarchitectonics Toward Self‐Locked Logic Gates
Authors: Wang Xuanyu , Gao Zhao , Tian Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSupramolecules are considered a promising approach for molecular logic gates due to their inherent dynamic responsiveness driven by non‐covalent forces. However, the lack of input sequence dependence in these logic gates may lead to misinterpretation of outputs, compromising their reliability. This study proposes an efficient universal supramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) platform for logic gates with self‐locking features. Specifically, well‐designed naphthalene‐based monomers serve as energy donors, while dyes such as eosin Y (EY), rhodamine B (RhB), and sulforhodamine 101 (SR101), spanning from yellow to red, are employed as energy acceptors. Leveraging large exciton migration rates (1.21 × 1014 to 1.36 × 1014 L mol−1 s−1) between donor and acceptors, FRET processes are effectively facilitated. Building upon this framework, supramolecular logic gates with self‐locking features are successfully constructed. Notably, in these logic gates, even with the correct truth table, any deviation in the order of inputs can lead to alterations in the original outputs.
Low‐Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Hole Transport Layers for Enhanced Performance and Scalability in Textured Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Zhengjie , Yuan Shaojie , Mao Kaitian , Meng Hongguang , Cai Fengchun , Li Tieqiang , Feng Xingyu , Guo Huitian , Tang Lianyou , Xu Jixian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPerovskite tandem solar cells on textured silicon hold potential for surpassing single‐junction limits and industrial compatibility. However, integrating hole‐transporting layers (HTLs) onto textured silicon poses challenges in conformal coating, low‐temperature fabrication, and perovskite solution process compatibility. Here, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) copper‐doping process is introduced to fabricate low‐temperature NiOx HTLs (ALD Cu:NiOx), tailored for textured tandems. Copper‐doping reduces hydroxyl group content and Ni3+ defects, addressing the challenge of enhancing hole conductivity while mitigating recombination loss. This advancement enables to lower the post‐annealing temperature from >300 to 200 °C, achieving compatibility with silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells and boosting the power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.65‐eV p–i–n perovskite solar cells to 22.47%. Integrating ALD Cu:NiOx beneath conventional self‐assembled monolayer HTL on textured SHJ leads to notable PCE enhancements, from 28.6% to 30.5% for 1‐cm2 tandems (certified stabilized PCE of 30.04%) and from 23.9% to 26.4% for 8.89‐cm2 tandems. Following 1000 h of maximum‐power‐point (MPP) tracking, tandems maintain 95% of initial efficiency. Notably, losses in open‐circuit voltage and PCE due to area upscaling reduced by over 20%, attributed to ALD Cu:NiOx’s ability to enhance perovskite film wettability and minimize shunting on silicon pyramid texture, underscoring its impacts for textured tandem upscaling.
Genomic Analysis Identifies Risk Factors in Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Akçimen Fulya , Chia Ruth , Saez‐Atienzar Sara , Ruffo Paola , Rasheed Memoona , Ross Jay P. , Liao Calwing , Ray Anindita , Dion Patrick A. , Scholz Sonja W. , Rouleau Guy A. , Traynor Bryan J. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological condition that causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs and an irresistible urge to move them, typically during periods of rest. The genetic basis and pathophysiology of RLS are incompletely understood. We sought to identify additional novel genetic risk factors associated with RLS susceptibility.MethodsWe performed a whole‐genome sequencing and genome‐wide association meta‐analysis of RLS cases (n = 9,851) and controls (n = 38,957) in 3 population‐based biobanks (All of Us, Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, and CARTaGENE).ResultsGenome‐wide association analysis identified 9 independent risk loci, of which 8 had been previously reported, and 1 was a novel risk locus (LMX1B, rs35196838, OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09–1.19, p value = 2.2 × 10−9). Furthermore, a transcriptome‐wide association study also identified GLO1 and a previously unreported gene, ELFN1. A genetic correlation analysis revealed significant common variant overlaps between RLS and neuroticism (rg = 0.40, se = 0.08, p value = 5.4 × 10−7), depression (rg = 0.35, se = 0.06, p value = 2.17 × 10−8), and intelligence (rg = −0.20, se = 0.06, p value = 4.0 × 10−4).InterpretationOur study expands the understanding of the genetic architecture of RLS, and highlights the contributions of common variants to this prevalent neurological disorder. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:994–1005
High‐Voltage Single‐Ion Covalent Organic Framework Electrolytes Enabled by Nitrile Migration Ladders for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Weiping , Han Shantao , Xiao Chenxi , Yan Jingying , Wu Baifei , Wen Peng , Lin Jun , Chen Mao , Lin Xinrong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe poor electrochemical stability window and low ionic conductivity in solid‐state electrolytes hinder the development of safe, high‐voltage, and energy‐dense lithium metal batteries. Herein, taking advantage of the unique electronic effect of nitrile groups, we designed a novel azanide‐based single‐ion covalent organic framework (CN−iCOF) structure that possesses effective Li+ transport and high‐voltage stability in lithium metal batteries. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) revealed that electron‐withdrawing nitrile groups not only resulted in an ultralow HOMO energy orbital but also enhanced Li+ dissociation through charge delocalization, leading to a high tLi+ of 0.93 and remarkable oxidative stability up to 5.6 V (vs. Li+/Li) simultaneously. Moreover, cyanation leveraging Strecker reaction transformed reversible imine‐linkage to a stable sp3‐carbon‐containing azanide anion, which facilitated contorted alignment of transport “ladders” along the one‐dimensional anionic channels and the ionic conductivity could reach 1.33×10−5 S cm−1 at ambient temperature without any additives. As a result, CN−iCOF allowed operation of solid‐state lithium metal batteries with high‐voltage cathodes such as LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NCM811), demonstrating stable lithium deposition up to 1,100 h and reversible battery cycling at ambient temperature up to 4.5 V, shedding light on the importance of discovering new functionality for forthcoming high‐performance batteries.
Ligand‐Enabled Pd‐Catalyzed sp3 C−H Macrocyclization: Synthesis and Evaluation of Macrocyclic Sulfonamide for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bi Tongyu , Cui Yunxia , Liu Shuai , Yu Haiyue , Qiu Weirong , Hou Ke‐Qiang , Zou Jiaqi , Yu Zhipeng , Zhang Feili , Xu Zhongliang , Zhang Jian , Xu Xiaojun , Yang Weibo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of simplified synthetic strategy to create structurally and functionally diverse pseudo‐natural macrocyclic molecules is highly appealing but poses a marked challenge. Inspired by natural scaffolds, herein, we describe a practical and concise ligand‐enabled Pd(II)‐catalyzed sp3 C−H alkylation, olefination and arylation macrocyclization, which could offer a novel set of pseudo‐natural macrocyclic sulfonamides. Interestingly, the potential of ligand acceleration in C−H activation is also demonstrated by an unprecedented enantioselective sp3 C−H alkylation macrocyclization. Moreover, a combination of in silico screening and biological evaluation led to the identification of a novel spiro‐grafted macrocyclic sulfonamide 2 a, which showed a promising efficacy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) in a mouse model through the activation of silent information regulator sirtuin 3 (SIRT3).
Coordination Environment and Distance Optimization of Dual Single Atoms on Fluorine‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Chlorine Evolution Reaction
Authors: Shao Xiaodong , Maibam Ashakiran , Cao Fengliang , Jin Haiyan , Huang Shiqing , Liang Mengfang , Gyu Kim Min , My Tran Kim , Jadhav Amol R. , Seung Jung Hyun , Babarao Ravichandar , Lee Hyoyoung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a crucial anode reaction in the chlor‐alkali industrial process. Precious metal‐based dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) are commonly used as catalysts for CER but are constrained by their high cost and low selectivity. Herein, a Pt dual singe‐atom catalyst (DSAC) dispersed on fluorine‐doped carbon nanotubes (F‐CNTs) is designed for an efficient and robust CER process. The prepared Pt DSAC demonstrates excellent CER activity with a low overpotential of 21 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a remarkable mass activity of 3802.6 A gpt−1 at an overpotential around 30 mV, outperforming those of commercial DSA and Pt single‐atom catalyst. The excellent CER performance of Pt DSAC is attributed to the high atomic utilization and improved intrinsic activity. Notably, introducing fluorine atoms on CNTs increases the oxidation and chlorination resistance of Pt DSAC, and reduces the demetalization ratio of Pt atoms, resulting in excellent long‐term CER stability. Theoretical calculations reveal that several Pt DSAC configurations with optimized first‐shell ligands and interatomic distance display lower energy barriers for Cl intermediates generation and weaker ionic Pt−Cl bond interaction, which are favorable for the CER process.