bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical detection of a single cytomegalovirus at an ultramicroelectrode and its antibody anchoring
Authors: Dick Jeffrey E. , Hilterbrand Adam T. , Boika Aliaksei , Upton Jason W. , Bard Allen J. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
The need for rapid, dependable, and sensitive detection of biological threats is ever increasing. Relatively arduous techniques, with varying degrees of sensitivity, exist for the detection of pathogens, including ELISA, electrogenerated chemiluminescence methods, sensitive PCR techniques, culturing, and microscopy. Here, we extend the observation of particle collisions on ultramicroelectrodes to murine cytomegalovirus. We further present an electrochemical technique for the specific detection of low concentrations of a virus by observing the effect of virus and antibody-specific polystyrene bead binding. This work, in principle, provides a framework for the detection of any biologically relevant antigen.
Fish Community Response to a Small‐Stream Dam Removal in a Maine Coastal River Tributary
Authors: Hogg Robert S. , Coghlan Stephen M. , Zydlewski Joseph , Gardner Cory 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSedgeunkedunk Stream, a third‐order tributary to the Penobscot River in Maine, historically has supported several anadromous fishes including Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar, Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, and Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus. Two small dams constructed in the 1800s reduced or eliminated spawning runs entirely. In 2009, efforts to restore marine–freshwater connectivity in the system culminated in removal of the lowermost dam (Mill Dam) providing access to 4.7 km of lotic habitat and unimpeded passage into the lentic habitat of Fields Pond. In anticipation of these barrier removals, we initiated a modified before‐after‐control‐impact study, and monitored stream fish assemblages in fixed treatment and reference sites. Electrofishing surveys were conducted twice yearly since 2007. Results indicated that density, biomass, and diversity of the fish assemblage increased at all treatment sites upstream of the 2009 dam removal. No distinct changes in these metrics occurred at reference sites. We documented recolonization and successful reproduction of Atlantic Salmon, Alewife, and Sea Lamprey in previously inaccessible upstream reaches. These results clearly demonstrate that dam removal has enhanced the fish assemblage by providing an undisrupted stream gradient linking a small headwater lake and tributary with a large coastal river, its estuary, and the Atlantic Ocean.
Age and Growth of Atlantic Sturgeon from the Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Stewart Nathan D. , Dadswell Michael J. , Leblanc Paul , Bradford Rod G. , Ceapa Cornel , Stokesbury Michael J. W. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
As a long-lived and late-maturing species, Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus are susceptible to overharvest, which makes knowledge concerning their age and growth essential to sustainable management. The Saint John River, New Brunswick, and the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, support the two remaining commercial fisheries for Atlantic Sturgeon in North America; however, the relationship between age and growth has not previously been modeled for the Saint John River population. Ages of Saint John River Atlantic Sturgeon were estimated by using pectoral fin spine sections collected from 262 individuals of known TL. Most (87%) of the pectoral spine sections were aged by two readers to evaluate possible reader bias. An age–bias plot and coefficient of variation (CV) indicated relatively low between-reader precision (CV = 5.6%) compared with that reported in other studies. Von Bertalanffy growth model (VBGM) parameters were estimated for males (n = 67), females (n = 85), and the combined sexes. Unsexed juveniles and subadults smaller than 150 cm TL (n = 110) were used for the lower part of each curve. The growth models indicated that (1) males reached maximum length sooner than females and (2) females continued to grow more as adults to greater lengths (males: Brody growth coefficient K = 0.06, asymptotic length L∞ = 230 cm TL; females: K = 0.04, L∞ = 264 cm TL). As predicted, the VBGM parameters estimated for combined sexes of the Saint John River stock (K = 0.05, L∞ = 254 cm) were intermediate to those of Atlantic Sturgeon from the Hudson and St. Lawrence rivers, in agreement with a previously observed latitudinal trend in growth.
Received June 26, 2014; accepted January 13, 2015
Indians, Africans, and Europeans
Authors: Hayes Katherine , Mrozowski Stephen , Landon David , Trigg Heather 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This chapter considers the example of Sylvester Manor’s plantation in coastal New York to demonstrate the diversity and complexity of the colonial context. Despite popular histories which downplay the role of slavery in the US north-east and colonial studies which consider the British and Dutch colonies to have been resistant to pluralism, the case of Sylvester Manor shows how broadly entangled and diverse northern provisioning plantations could be. In particular, archaeological remains illuminate the ongoing engagement of Native Americans in colonial settlements and plantations. The chapter uses the lenses of labour and technology to explore the specific grounds of engagement between African, Indian, and European groups.
Missionization, Māori, and Colonial Warfare in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand
Authors: Middleton Angela 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPrior to the arrival of the first small group of Protestant evangelical missionaries to New Zealand in 1814, there were only intermittent, occasionally violent encounters between indigenous Māori and Europeans, predominantly sojourners such as explorers and sealers. Missionaries established the first European settlement in the northern part of the country, under the auspices of a Māori fortification. In 1840, British annexation took place; subsequently Māori were subjugated by a series of land wars and subsumed by a burgeoning settler population. As elsewhere in the New World, the processes of missionization in New Zealand became associated with the later events of colonization. This chapter examines the archaeology and history of missionization in New Zealand, briefly comparing these processes with those in other localities such as Australia and North America, and the specific ways in which missions contributed to the colonization of the country.
Post-colonial theory
Authors: Hawley John C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRather than agreeing to any one meaning or referent, most critics these days speak of ‘post-colonialisms’ to refer principally to ‘historical, social and economic material conditions’ and at other times to ‘historically-situated imaginative products’ and ‘aesthetic practices: representations, discourses and values’ (McLeod 2000: 254). Arising from subaltern studies, its theorists embrace hybridity, indict alterity, analyze colonial discourse, and employ strategic essentialism to promote identity politics. Under its influence, a strain of self-interrogation has for decades run as an undercurrent through much of anthropology and archaeology. Topics including looting, repatriation, stewardship, and the transformation of disciplinary identity are now persistent tropes in the field. Indigenous archaeology, emergent cosmopolitanisms, building up knowledge from below—these now occupy ongoing archaeological work. Limiting its applicability, though, are charges against its homogenization of colonial experience, its perpetuation of academic imperialism, and its relative neglect, until recently, of regions such as Latin America.
Ragas, Recipes, and Rasas
Authors: McNeil Adrian 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The concept of raga in Hindustani classical music is a complex phenomenon not least of all because it is simultaneously an inventory of melodic elements, a performative process, and an aesthetic outcome. These different dimensions to raga pose challenges to systematised ways of accounting for how it works in performance. Symbolic modes of thought in the tradition have long taken recourse to analogies to attempt to portray the gestalt of raga and also provide alternate modes of pedagogical knowledge and aesthetic sensibility for engaging with raga. Building on the long-held predilections between music, food, and cooking in Hindustani music, this essay provides another vantage point from which to consider raga and also the significance of rasa in the performance of raga.
Jesuits and China
Authors: Vermander Benoît 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Arriving in China at the end of the sixteenth century, Jesuit missionaries experimented with an inventive policy of accommodation that relied on the support and insights of converted literati. The viewpoints and information they forwarded to Europe had profound religious, cultural, and political repercussions. The resulting controversies proved divisive to the point of almost destroying the nascent Church. After 1842, the Second Jesuit Mission in China had to deal with the results of the semicolonial context in which it had developed. From 1949 onward, Jesuits of Chinese nationality—present since the beginning of the mission—had to take the lead at the very time when the country’s political and religious conditions were undergoing radical transformation. Present-day scholarship has engaged in a hermeneutical analysis of the relationship that developed between the Jesuits, on the one hand, and Chinese culture and society, on the other.
Modulation of Nerve Injury–induced HDAC4 Cytoplasmic Retention Contributes to Neuropathic Pain in Rats
Authors: Lin Tzer-Bin , Hsieh Ming-Chun , Lai Cheng-Yuan , Cheng Jen-Kun , Chau Yat-Pang , Ruan Ting , Chen Gin-Den , Peng Hsien-Yu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAbstract
In a rat model of neuropathic pain, histone deacetylases 4 phosphorylation led to its cytoplasmic retention due to phosphorylation-dependent interaction with 14-3-3β. Inhibition of histone deacetylases phosphorylation reduced allodynia and prevented its cytoplasmic translocation, suggesting a novel therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.

Background:
The histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in pain hypersensitivity. This study investigated the potential involvement of an HDAC4-related mechanism in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity.

Methods:
The left L5 to L6 spinal nerves of 627 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were surgically ligated. The withdrawal threshold of hind paws and the abundances, cellular location, and interactions of proteins in the dorsal horn were assayed before and after surgery. The 14-3-3β-targeting small-interfering RNA, a serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) antagonist, or an HDAC inhibitor was spinally injected to elucidate the role of 14-3-3β, SGK1, and HDAC4.

Results:
Without affecting the HDAC4 level, SNL provoked SGK1 phosphorylation (mean ± SEM from 0.24 ± 0.02 to 0.78 ± 0.06 at day 7, n = 6), HDAC4 phosphorylation (from 0.38 ± 0.03 to 0.72 ± 0.06 at day 7, n = 6), 14-3-3β expression (from 0.53 ± 0.09 to 0.88 ± 0.09 at day 7, n = 6), cytoplasmic HDAC4 retention (from 1.18 ± 0.16 to 1.92 ± 0.11 at day 7, n = 6), and HDAC4-14-3-3β coupling (approximately 2.4-fold) in the ipsilateral dorsal horn in association with behavioral allodynia. Knockdown of spinal 14-3-3β expression prevented the SNL-provoked HDAC4 retention (from 1.89 ± 0.15 to 1.32 ± 0.08 at day 7, n = 6), HDAC4-14-3-3β coupling (approximately 0.6-fold above SNL 7D), and behavioral allodynia (from 0.16 ± 0.3 to 6 ± 1.78 at day 7, n = 7), but not SGK1 (from 0.78 ± 0.06 to 0.71 ± 0.04 at day 7, n = 6) or HDAC4 (from 0.75 ± 0.15 to 0.68 ± 0.11 at day 7, n = 6) phosphorylation.

Conclusion:
Neuropathic pain maintenance involves the spinal SGK1 activation–dependent HDAC4 phosphorylation and its subsequent association with 14-3-3β that promotes cytoplasmic HDAC4 retention in dorsal horn neurons.
The Presence of Fucogalactoxyloglucan and Its Synthesis in Rice Indicates Conserved Functional Importance in Plants
Authors: Liu Lifeng , Paulitz Jonathan , Pauly Markus 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The predominant structure of the hemicellulose xyloglucan (XyG) found in the cell walls of dicots is a fucogalactoXyG with an XXXG core motif, whereas in the Poaceae (grasses and cereals), the structure of XyG is less xylosylated (XXGGn core motif) and lacks fucosyl residues. However, specialized tissues of rice (Oryza sativa) also contain fucogalactoXyG. Orthologous genes of the fucogalactoXyG biosynthetic machinery of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) are present in the rice genome. Expression of these rice genes, including fucosyl-, galactosyl-, and acetyltransferases, in the corresponding Arabidopsis mutants confirmed their activity and substrate specificity, indicating that plants in the Poaceae family have the ability to synthesize fucogalactoXyG in vivo. The data presented here provide support for a functional conservation of XyG structure in higher plants.
Employment status and employee service-oriented organizational citizenship behaviour
Authors: Chiu Su-Fen , Lin Shih-Tse , Han Tzu-Shian 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of employment status on service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of customer contact employees. The authors also investigate the mediating roles of internal mobility opportunity and job insecurity in the relationship between employment status and service-oriented OCB.Design/methodology/approach– A survey methodology was used and data were collected from a dyad-sample of 270 employees and their supervisors of one retail and one banking companies in Taiwan. Product-of-coefficients approach and bootstrapping were used to test the multiple mediating model.Findings– The results demonstrate that temporary employment related negatively to service-oriented OCB. Moreover, both internal mobility opportunity and job insecurity mediated the employment status – service-oriented OCB linkage.Research limitations/implications– This study has three limitations. First, this study examined only fixed-term direct-hire temporary employees. Future research should explore voluntary job behaviors of different categories of temporary employment to confirm the results of the present study. Second, this study examined internal mobility opportunity and job insecurity as two mediators. Other alternative avenues may exist by which employment status may lead to service-oriented OCB. Future research may explore additional possible mediators. Finally, the participants of this study were selected by the human resource departments of the participating companies. This option could have introduced selection bias in this study.Practical implications– This study suggests that management should be aware of why temporary customer contact employees have lower levels of service-oriented OCB. As service-oriented OCB may be vital for organizational success in the service context, management must consider the benefits and costs when hiring temporary employees. Moreover, management can motivate temporary employees to display higher service-oriented OCB by shaping their expectations of internal mobility possibilities, or reducing temporary employees’ perception of job insecurity to enhance their service-oriented OCB.Originality/value– This study makes two contributions. First, this study extends the effect of employment status in the OCB literature by investigating the relationship between employment status and service-oriented OCB for customer contact employees. The results of the present study lend support for the partial exclusion theory to predict that socially excluded group (i.e. temporary employees) tends to be less engaged in service-oriented OCB. Second, this study contributes to the literature by investigating two important links (i.e. internal mobility opportunity and job insecurity) to explain why temporary employment may lead to lower service-oriented OCB.
Trait-level and week-level regulatory focus as a motivation to craft a job
Authors: Petrou Paraskevas , Demerouti Evangelia 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to address regulatory focus (promotion vs prevention) as a trait-level variable and a week-level variable linked to employee job crafting behaviors (i.e. seeking resources, seeking challenges and reducing demands). The authors hypothesized that while promotion focus relates positively to seeking resources and seeking challenges, prevention focus relates positively to reducing demands. Furthermore, the authors expected that the links between week-level regulatory focus and crafting would be stronger when the respective trait-level regulatory focus is high.

Design/methodology/approach
– Two studies were conducted to address the aims, namely, a cross-sectional survey among 580 civil servants and a weekly survey among 81 employees of several occupations.

Findings
– The hypothesized links between regulatory focus and job crafting were supported at the trait- and the week-level. Only the link between week-level prevention focus and reducing demands was stronger when trait-level prevention focus was high. Unexpectedly, seeking resources positively related to prevention focus at the week-level.

Practical implications
– While prevention states may enhance reducing demands behaviors especially for prevention focussed employees, organizations and managers may use promotion states to enhance seeking resources and seeking challenges behaviors among all types of employees and, thereby, shape a strategy emphasizing the promotion values of growth and development.

Originality/value
– The findings shed light to a diverse range of employee motivational orientations (i.e. approach vs avoidance and trait-like vs state-like) behind job crafting and, thus, shed light to individual correlates of job crafting.
Attachment anxiety in mentoring: the role of commitment
Authors: Poteat Laura F. , Shockley Kristen M. , Allen Tammy D. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of commitment in the relationship between protégés’ anxious attachment styles and feedback behaviors of both mentors and protégés.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected from 100 academic protégé-mentor dyads, and reports from both members of the mentoring relationships were used to test hypotheses.

Findings
– The results suggested that protégé perceptions of mentor commitment and self-reported protégé commitment mediated the relationships between protégé anxious attachment style and protégé feedback seeking and feedback acceptance. Additionally, mentor perceptions of protégé commitment played an important role, mediating the relationships between protégé anxious attachment and quality and quantity of mentor feedback.

Research limitations/implications
– Taken together, the results reveal the important role of perceptions of partner commitment in high-quality mentoring behaviors.

Originality/value
– This study was among the first to examine feedback and commitment in academic mentoring relationships, particularly taking into account commitment of each member of the dyad as well as their perceptions of the other person’s commitment.
Decomposition of the compromise objective function in the permanent magnet synchronous motor optimization
Authors: Nowak Lech , Knypiński Łukasz , Jedryczka Cezary , Kowalski Krzysztof 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to elaborate an algorithm and the computer code for the optimization of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) including the shaft torque, the cogging torque, the total harmonic distortion factor of the back EMF and magnet volume into compromise objective function.

Design/methodology/approach
– The mathematical model of the device includes the magnetic field equations with the nonlinearity of the magnetic core taken into account. The numerical implementation is based on the finite element method (FEM) and time stepping procedure. The genetic algorithm has been applied for the optimization. The comprehensive computer code containing the FEM model and optimization procedures have been elaborated.

Findings
– Very important problem at formulating the optimization task is the choice of the functional parameters which constitute the objective and constraint functions. In the paper it has been shown that uncritical constructing the objective function could lead to irrational variants of the designed object. Authors pointed out (Knypiński et al., 2013) that connecting the shaft torque and the cogging torque simultaneously into the one compromise objective function generates ineffective operation of the optimization algorithm and often also leads to the non-optimal result.

Originality/value
– Authors proved that in case of multi-criterion objective function composed of terms which have very different impact on this function value (i.e. very diverse sensitivity of the objective function for these terms is observed) than the optimization process can be significantly distorted. Therefore, decomposition of the optimization process into two stages has been proposed. Some of the parameters (e.g. cogging torque) have been excluded from the first stage of the process. The two stage algorithm has been successfully implemented and tested on the example of PMSM machine.
Analysis of the stator topology impact on cogging torque for surface permanent magnet motor
Authors: Petkovska Lidija , Cvetkovski Goga , Lefley Paul 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the stator core design for a surface permanent magnet motor (SPMM) on the cogging torque profile. The objective is to show how the cogging torque of this type of motor can be significantly reduced by implementing an original compound technique by skewing stator slots and inserting wedges in the slot openings.

Design/methodology/approach
– At the beginning generic model of a SPMM is studied. By using FEA, for this idealised assembly, characteristics of cogging and electromagnetic torque are simulated and determined for one period of their change. Afterwards, actual stator design of the original SPMM is described. It is thoroughly investigated and the torque characteristics are compared with the generic ones. While the static torque is slightly decreased, the peak cogging torque is almost doubled and the curve exhibits an uneven profile. The first method for cogging torque reduction is skewing the stator stack. The second technique is to insert wedges of SMC in the slot openings. By using 2D and 2 1/2D numerical experiment cogging curves are calculated and compared. The best results are achieved by combining the two techniques. The comparative analyses of the motor models show the advantages of the proposed novel stator topology.

Findings
– It is presented how the peak cogging torque can be substantially decreased due to changes in the stator topology. The constraint is to keep the same stator lamination. By skewing stator stack for one slot pitch 10° the peak cogging torque is threefold reduced. The SMC wedges in slot opening decrease the peak cogging almost four times. The novel stator topology, a combination of the former ones, leads to peak cogging of respectable 0.182 Nm, which is reduced for 7.45 times.

Originality/value
– The paper presents an original compound technique for cogging torque reduction, by combining the stator stack skewing and inserting SMC wedges in the slot openings.