bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Perceptions of Competence Mediate The Relationship Between Fundamental Motor Skill Proficiency and Physical Activity Levels of Children in Kindergarten?
Authors: Crane Jeff R. , Naylor Patti J. , Cook Ryan , Temple Viviene A. 
Published: August 2014

Background:Perceptions of competence mediate the relationship between motor skill proficiency and physical activity among older children and adolescents. This study examined kindergarten children’s perceptions of physical competence as a mediator of the relationship between motor skill proficiency as a predictor variable and physical activity levels as the outcome variable; and also with physical activity as a predictor and motor skill proficiency as the outcome.Methods:Participants were 116 children (mean age = 5 years 7 months, 58% boys) from 10 schools. Motor skills were measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and physical activity was monitored through accelerometry. Perceptions of physical competence were measured using The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children, and the relationships between these variables were examined using a model of mediation.Results:The direct path between object control skills and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significant and object control skills predicted perceived physical competence. However, perceived competence did not mediate the relationship between object control skills and MVPA.Conclusions:The significant relationship between motor proficiency and perceptions of competence did not in turn influence kindergarten children’s participation in physical activity. These findings support concepts of developmental differences in the structure of the self-perception system.
Associations of Parental Rules and Socioeconomic Position With Preschool Children’s Sedentary Behaviour and Screen Time
Authors: Downing Katherine L. , Hinkley Trina , Hesketh Kylie D. 
Published: August 2014

Background:There is little current understanding of the influences on sedentary behavior and screen time in preschool children. This study investigated socioeconomic position (SEP) and parental rules as potential correlates of preschool children’s sedentary behavior and screen time.Methods:Data from the Healthy Active Preschool Years (HAPPY) Study were used. Participating parents reported their child’s usual weekly screen time and their rules to regulate their child’s screen time. Children wore accelerometers for 8 days to objectively measure sedentary time.Results:Children whose parents limited television viewing spent significantly less time in that behavior and in total screen time; however, overall sedentary behavior was unaffected. An association between parents limiting computer/electronic game use and time spent on the computer was found for girls only. SEP was inversely associated with girls’, but not boys’, total screen time and television viewing.Conclusions:As parental rules were generally associated with lower levels of screen time, intervention strategies could potentially encourage parents to set limits on, and switch off, screen devices. Intervention strategies should target preschool children across all SEP areas, as there was no difference by SEP in overall sedentary behavior or screen time for boys.
Rural Neighborhood Walkability: Implications for Assessment
Authors: Kegler Michelle C. , Alcantara Iris , Haardörfer Regine , Gemma Alexandra , Ballard Denise , Gazmararian Julie 
Published: August 2014

Background:Physical activity levels, including walking, are lower in the southern U.S., particularly in rural areas. This study investigated the concept of rural neighborhood walkability to aid in developing tools for assessing walkability and to identify intervention targets in rural communities.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with physically active adults (n = 29) in rural Georgia. Mean age of participants was 55.9 years; 66% were male, 76% were white, and 24% were African American. Participants drew maps of their neighborhoods and discussed the relevance of typical domains of walkability to their decisions to exercise. Comparative analyses were conducted to identify major themes.Results:The majority felt the concept of neighborhood was applicable and viewed their neighborhood as small geographically (less than 0.5 square miles). Sidewalks were not viewed as essential for neighborhood-based physical activity and typical destinations for walking were largely absent. Destinations within walking distance included neighbors’ homes and bodies of water. Views were mixed on whether shade, safety, dogs, and aesthetics affected decisions to exercise in their neighborhoods.Conclusions:Measures of neighborhood walkability in rural areas should acknowledge the small size of self-defined neighborhoods, that walking in rural areas is likely for leisure time exercise, and that some domains may not be relevant.
Perceived Resources and Environmental Correlates of Domain-Specific Physical Activity in Rural Midwestern Adults
Authors: Chrisman Matthew , Nothwehr Faryle , Janz Kathleen , Yang Jingzhen , Oleson Jacob 
Published: August 2014

Background:Rural adults participate in lower levels of physical activity (PA) than urban or suburban adults. Due to known effects of the environment on PA participation, this study examined perceived ecological correlates (social, environmental, and policy) of domain- and intensity-specific PA in rural adults.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was completed by 143 individuals residing in the rural Midwest. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; correlates of PA were measured using a modified version of the PA in Communities Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were conducted using general linear modeling.Results:Predictors of PA included: employers providing time for exercise (P = .0003); available shopping malls (P = .0032); activity-friendly community aspects (P = .0048); favorable policy attitudes (P = .0018): participation in sports (P < .0001); encouragement from friends (P = .0136); awareness (P = .0015) and use (P = .0113) of community resources; and having hills (P = .0371).Conclusions:Correlates of PA in various domains and intensities in rural adults are multifactorial and occur at different levels of the environment. Findings from this study can be used to tailor PA interventions in rural adults, with respect to specific domains and intensity in which the PA occurs.
Association Between Knowledge and Practice in the Field of Physical Activity and Health: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Borges Thiago T. , Hallal Pedro C. , da Silva Inacio Crochemore Mohnsam , Mielke Grégore Iven , Rombaldi Airton J. , Barros Fernando C. 
Published: August 2014

Background:The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between knowledge about physical activity (PA) recommendations (in terms of duration and frequency) and physical activity practice in a population-based sample of adults and adolescents.Methods:Crosssectional survey, conducted in Pelotas, Brazil. Participants (10+ years) were included in the sample and reported their perception about the minimum number of days and duration of PA to achieve health benefits. Those who reported PA practice ≥ 150 min/wk (adults) and ≥ 300 min/wk (adolescents) were considered active.Results:The sample included 1696 adults and 399 adolescents. More than one-third (38.6%) of the adult population reported that < 150 minutes of PA per week would be sufficient to obtain health benefits. Moreover, 76.1% of the adolescents reported that < 300 minutes per week were sufficient to obtain health benefits. Among adolescents, those who were active tended to report that higher amounts of PA were needed to obtain health benefits.Conclusions:Despite global recognition of the role of PA for improving health, knowledge about the minimum frequency and duration for achieving health benefits is still low in Brazil, particularly among adolescents.
Potential Predictors of College Women Meeting Strength Training Recommendations: Application of the Integrated Behavioral Model
Authors: Patterson Megan S. , Meyer M. Renée Umstattd , Beville Jill M. 
Published: August 2014

Background:Due to numerous health benefits, national recommendations call Americans to participate in muscle-strengthening activities at least 2 days/week. However, college-aged women tend to fall short of recommendations. This study sought to examine correlates of college women meeting strength training recommendations using the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM).Methods:Undergraduate women (n = 421) completed surveys measuring strength training, demographics, and IBM constructs. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.Results:Respondents were on average 20.1 years old, 79.3% were white, and 66.3% did not meet strength training recommendations. Bivariate correlations revealed significant relationships (P ≤ .01) between strength training and attitude, descriptive norms, perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, intention, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. A logistic regression model revealed self-efficacy, intention, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were predictive of college women meeting U.S. strength training recommendations.Conclusions:This study supports using the IBM to understand strength training behavior among college women. Further research is needed to better understand mediating effects among IBM constructs.
Perceived Benefits, Facilitators, Disadvantages, and Barriers for Physical Activity Amongst South Asian Adolescents in India and Canada
Authors: Rajaraman Divya , Correa Natasha , Punthakee Zubin , Lear Scott A. , Jayachitra Krishnaswamy G. , Vaz Mario , Swaminathan Sumathi 
Published: August 2014

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to understand perceived benefits, facilitators, disadvantages, and barriers for physical activity among South Asian adolescents in India and Canada.Methods:Thirteen focus group discussions with South Asian (origin) adolescent boys and girls of different nutritional status and socioeconomic status in rural and urban India and urban Canada.Results:Across the groups, fitness and ‘energy’ were perceived to be major benefits of physical activity. In India, better academic performance was highlighted, while health benefits were well detailed in Canadian groups. In all settings, friends, family, and teachers were perceived as facilitators of as well as barriers to physical activity. Lack of a safe space to play was a major concern for urban adolescents, while academic pressures and preference for other sedentary recreational activities were common barriers across all groups. Girls were less likely than boys to be interested in physical activity, with girls’ participation in India further limited by societal restrictions.Conclusions:The study suggests key areas for promotion of physical activity among South Asian adolescents: balance between academic pressure and opportunities for physical activity, especially in India; urban planning for a built environment conducive to physical activity; and gender-sensitive programming to promote girls’ activity which also addresses culture-specific barriers.
Prospective Relationships Between Physical Activity and Optimism in Young and Mid-aged Women
Authors: Pavey Toby G. , Burton Nicola W. , Brown Wendy J 
Published: August 2014

Background:There is growing evidence that regular physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of poor mental health. Less research has focused on the relationship between PA and positive wellbeing. The study aims were to assess the prospective associations between PA and optimism, in both young and mid-aged women.Methods:9688 young women (born 1973–1978) completed self-report surveys in 2000 (age 22 to 27), 2003, 2006, and 2009; and 11,226 mid-aged women (born 1946–1951) completed surveys in 2001 (age 50–55) 2004, 2007, and 2010, as part of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Generalized estimating equation models (with 3-year time lag) were used to examine the relationship between PA and optimism in both cohorts.Results:In both cohorts, women reporting higher levels of PA had greater odds of reporting higher optimism over the 9-year period, (young, OR = 5.04, 95% CI: 3.85–6.59; mid-age, OR = 5.77, 95% CI: 4.76–7.00) than women who reported no PA. Odds were attenuated in adjusted models, with depression accounting for a large amount of this attenuation (young, OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.57–2.55; mid-age, OR = 1.64 95% CI: 1.38–1.94).Conclusions:Physical activity can promote optimism in young and mid-aged women over time, even after accounting for the negative effects of other psychosocial indicators such as depression.
Influence of Experience Level on Physical Activity During Interactive Video Gaming
Authors: Kraft Justin A. , Russell William D. , Clark Nathan , Helm Jessica , Jackson Amanda 
Published: August 2014

Background:The ability of interactive video games (IVGs) to individualize physical demands influences their viability as a physical activity option. This study examined the influence of experience level on activity levels and affect resulting from playing a martial arts IVG.Methods:Twenty participants completed 3 15-minute trials: (1) walking, (2) IVG with no previous experience (INEXP), and (3) IVG activity after 2 hours of practice (EXP) during which heart rate (HR), step counts, metabolic equivalents of task (METs), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), session RPE, and affect (positive/negative affect, enjoyment) were measured.Results:Mean HR was lower during walking (107 ± 18 bpm) than during INEXP (131 ± 25 bpm) and EXP (120 ± 20 bpm). Peak HR and session RPE were lower for walking than for INEXP and EXP. No difference in mean HR was observed between IVG conditions, but peak HR and session RPE were lower for EXP than for INEXP. Walking resulted in greater postactivity reduction of negative affect; however, the IVG conditions were perceived as more enjoyable.Conclusion:Although the current IVG provided a greater exercise stimulus than walking, results suggest that user movements become more efficient with greater IVG experience and that exercise outcomes may decrease as a result.
A Comparison of Physical Activity Preferences Among Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer Survivors in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Forbes Cynthia C. , Blanchard Chris M. , Mummery W. Kerry , Courneya Kerry S. 
Published: August 2014

Background:Physical activity (PA) preferences may vary by cancer survivor group, but few studies have made direct comparisons. The purpose of this study was to compare the PA preferences of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors in Nova Scotia (NS), Canada.Methods:Two thousand sixty-two breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors diagnosed between 2003 to 2011 were identified by the Nova Scotia Cancer Registry and mailed a questionnaire assessing PA preferences and standard demographic and medical variables.Results:Based on 741 respondents, numerous differences emerged among the cancer sites. Some of the larger differences (>20% difference) among breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors, respectively, were identified for engaging in PA with other cancer survivors (42% vs. 22% vs. 30%; P < .001) and with their friends (65% vs. 40% vs. 64%; P < .001); engaging in PA at a community fitness center (59% vs. 39% vs. 45%; P < .001); and preferring supervised (60% vs. 34% vs. 45%; P < .001) and group (53% vs. 24% vs. 41%; P < .001) sessions. Differences were also found within each survivor group based on demographic and medical variables including PA behavior, age, and perceived general health.Conclusion:Breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors have some differences in PA preferences that may inform targeted PA program interventions.
Effect of Elliptical High Intensity Interval Training on Metabolic Risk Factor in Pre- and Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fex Annie , Leduc-Gaudet Jean-Philippe , Filion Marie-Eve , Karelis Antony D. , Aubertin-Leheudre Mylène 
Published: August 2014

Objectives:The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of 12 weeks of elliptical high intensity interval training (HIIT) on metabolic risk factors and body composition in pre- and type 2 diabetes patients.Methods:Sixteen pre- (n = 8) and type 2 diabetes (n = 8) participants completed this study. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, anthropometric measurements, body composition (DXA), blood pressure, resting heart rate, VO2max, and dietary factors, as well as total and physical activity energy expenditure, were measured. The HIIT program on the elliptical was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks.Results:After the intervention, we observed a significant improvement for fasting blood glucose, waist and hip circumference, appendicular fat mass, leg lean body mass and appendicular lean body mass, systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, and VO2max (P < .05). In addition, we noted a lower tendency for leg fat mass (P = .06) and diastolic blood pressure (P = .05) as well as a higher tendency for total energy expenditure (P = .06) after the intervention.Conclusions:The current study indicates that elliptical HIIT seems to improve metabolic risk factors and body composition in pre- and type 2 diabetes patients.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Serratia symbiotica Strain CWBI-2.3
T
, a Free-Living Symbiont of the Black Bean Aphid
Aphis fabae
Authors: Foray Vincent , Grigorescu Alina S. , Sabri Ahmed , Haubruge Eric , Lognay Georges , Francis Frederic , Fauconnier Marie-Laure , Hance Thierry , Thonart Philippe 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

The gammaproteobacterium
Serratia symbiotica
is one of the major secondary symbionts found in aphids. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
S. symbiotica
strain CWBI-2.3
T
, previously isolated from the black bean aphid
Aphis fabae
. The 3.58-Mb genome sequence might provide new insights to understand the evolution of insect-microbe symbiosis.
Genome Sequence of a Xylella fastidiosa Strain Causing Sycamore Leaf Scorch Disease in Virginia
Authors: Guan Wei , Shao Jonathan , Davis Robert E. , Zhao Tingchang , Huang Qi 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Xylella fastidiosa
causes bacterial leaf scorch in landscape trees including sycamore. We determined the draft genome of
X. fastidiosa
strain Sy-Va, isolated in Virginia from a sycamore tree displaying leaf scorch symptoms. The Sy-VA genome contains 2,477,829 bp, and has a G+C content of 51.64 mol%.
Draft Genome Sequence of Hawaiian Sea Slug Symbiont
Vibrio
sp. Strain ER1A
Authors: Davis Jeanette , Hill Russell T. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Bacteria belonging to the genus
Vibrio
are prevalent in the marine environment and are known for forming symbiotic relationships with hosts.
Vibrio
sp. strain ER1A is a dominant symbiont of the Hawaiian sea slug,
Elysia rufescens
. Here we report the draft genome sequence of
Vibrio
sp. ER1A.
Draft Genome Assembly of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606
Authors: Davenport Karen W. , Daligault Hajnalka E. , Minogue Timothy D. , Bruce David C. , Chain Patrick S. G. , Coyne Susan R. , Jaissle James G. , Koroleva Galina I. , Ladner Jason T. , Li Po-E , Palacios Gustavo F. , Scholz Matthew B. , Teshima Hazuki , Johnson Shannon L. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii
is an emerging nosocomial pathogen, and therefore high-quality genome assemblies for this organism are needed to aid in detection, diagnostic, and treatment technologies. Here we present the improved draft assembly of
A. baumannii
ATCC 19606 in two scaffolds. This 3,953,621-bp genome contains 3,750 coding regions and has a 39.1% G+C content.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Pyridinediol-Fermenting Bacterium Synergistes jonesii 78-1
Authors: Holland-Moritz Hannah E. , Coil David A. , Badger Jonathan H. , Dmitrov George I. , Khouri Hoda , Ward Naomi L. , Robb Frank T. , Eisen Jonathan A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Here we present the draft genome of
Synergistes jonesii
78-1, ATCC 49833, a member of the
Synergistes
phylum. This organism was isolated from the rumen of a Hawaiian goat and ferments pyridinediols. The assembly contains 2,747,397 bp in 61 contigs.
Complete Genome Sequence of Campylobacter iguaniorum Strain 1485E
T
, Isolated from a Bearded Dragon (
Pogona vitticeps
)
Authors: Gilbert Maarten J. , Miller William G. , Yee Emma , Kik Marja , Wagenaar Jaap A. , Duim Birgitta 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter iguaniorum
has been isolated from reptiles. This
Campylobacter
species is genetically related to
Campylobacter fetus
and
Campylobacter hyointestinalis
. Here we present the first whole-genome sequence for this species.
Mycolic Acid Biosynthesis Genes in the Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium atypicum DSM 44849
Authors: Tippelt Anna , Möllmann Sabrina , Albersmeier Andreas , Jaenicke Sebastian , Rückert Christian , Tauch Andreas 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

The complete chromosomal sequence of the type strain
Corynebacterium atypicum
DSM 44849 comprises 2,311,380 bp. A functional annotation revealed the presence of genes involved in the synthesis and export of mycolic acids and in trehalose corynomycolate biosynthesis, supporting the view that the cell envelope of
C. atypicum
contains mycolic acids.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Isolated from a Known Cotton Insect Boll Vector
Authors: Medrano Enrique G. , Forray Marissa M. , Bell Alois A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
(associated with bacterial pneumonia) was previously isolated from
Nezara viridula
, a significant vector of cotton boll-rot pathogens. We provide the first annotated genome sequence of the cotton opportunistic strain
K. pneumoniae
5-1. This data provides guidance to study the bases of cotton pathogenesis by bacteria associated with vectors.
Evaluating the state of the art in disorder recognition and normalization of the clinical narrative
Authors: Pradhan Sameer , Elhadad Noémie , South Brett R , Martinez David , Christensen Lee , Vogel Amy , Suominen Hanna , Chapman Wendy W , Savova Guergana 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Objective The ShARe/CLEF eHealth 2013 Evaluation Lab Task 1 was organized to evaluate the state of the art on the clinical text in (i) disorder mention identification/recognition based on Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) definition (Task 1a) and (ii) disorder mention normalization to an ontology (Task 1b). Such a community evaluation has not been previously executed. Task 1a included a total of 22 system submissions, and Task 1b included 17. Most of the systems employed a combination of rules and machine learners.
Materials and methods We used a subset of the Shared Annotated Resources (ShARe) corpus of annotated clinical text—199 clinical notes for training and 99 for testing (roughly 180 K words in total). We provided the community with the annotated gold standard training documents to build systems to identify and normalize disorder mentions. The systems were tested on a held-out gold standard test set to measure their performance.
Results For Task 1a, the best-performing system achieved an F1 score of 0.75 (0.80 precision; 0.71 recall). For Task 1b, another system performed best with an accuracy of 0.59.
Discussion Most of the participating systems used a hybrid approach by supplementing machine-learning algorithms with features generated by rules and gazetteers created from the training data and from external resources.
Conclusions The task of disorder normalization is more challenging than that of identification. The ShARe corpus is available to the community as a reference standard for future studies.