bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivational and neurocognitive deficits are central to the prediction of longitudinal functional outcome in schizophrenia
Authors: Fervaha G. , Foussias G. , Agid O. , Remington G. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveFunctional impairment is characteristic of most individuals with schizophrenia; however, the key variables that undermine community functioning are not well understood. This study evaluated the association between selected clinical variables and one‐year longitudinal functional outcomes in patients with schizophrenia.MethodThe sample included 754 patients with schizophrenia who completed both baseline and one‐year follow‐up visits in the CATIE study. Patients were evaluated with a comprehensive battery of assessments capturing symptom severity and cognitive performance among other variables. The primary outcome variable was functional status one‐year postbaseline measured using the Heinrichs‐Carpenter Quality of Life Scale.ResultsFactor analysis of negative symptom items revealed two factors reflecting diminished expression and amotivation. Multivariate regression modeling revealed several significant independent predictors of longitudinal functioning scores. The strongest predictors were baseline amotivation and neurocognition. Both amotivation and neurocognition also had independent predictive value for each of the domains of functioning assessed (e.g., vocational).ConclusionBoth motivational and neurocognitive deficits independently contribute to longitudinal functional outcomes assessed 1 year later among patients with schizophrenia. Both of these domains of psychopathology impede functional recovery; hence, it follows that treatments ameliorating each of these symptoms should promote community functioning among individuals with schizophrenia.
Rapid reconstitution of functionally active 6-sulfoLacNAc+ dendritic cells (slanDCs) of donor origin following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Mimiola E , Marini O , Perbellini O , Micheletti A , Vermi W , Lonardi S , Costantini C , Meneghelli E , Andreini A , Bonetto C , Vassanelli A , Cantini M , Zoratti E , Massi D , Zamo' A , Leso A , Quaresmini G , Benedetti F , Pizzolo G , Cassatella M A , Tecchio C 
Published: May 2014

Summary
The role of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is critical in determining the extent of graft-versus-host response. The goal of this study was to analyse slanDCs, a subset of human proinflammatory DCs, in haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) sources, as well as to evaluate their 1-year kinetics of reconstitution, origin and functional capacities in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of patients who have undergone HSCT, and their presence in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) tissue specimens. slanDCs were also compared to myeloid (m)DCs, plasmacytoid (p)DCs and monocytes in HSC sources and in patients' PB and BM throughout reconstitution. slanDCs accounted for all HSC sources. In patients' PB and BM, slanDCs were identified from day +21, showing median frequencies comparable to healthy donors, donor origin and kinetics of recovery similar to mDCs, pDCs, and monocytes. Under cyclosporin treatment, slanDCs displayed a normal pattern of maturation, and maintained an efficient chemotactic activity and capacity of releasing tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. None the less, they were almost undetectable in GVHD tissue specimens, being present only in intestinal acute GVHD samples. slanDCs reconstitute early, being donor-derived and functionally competent. The absence of slanDCs from most of the GVHD-targeted tissue specimens seems to rule out the direct participation of these cells in the majority of the local reactions characterizing GVHD.
Majewski syndrome (short‐rib polydactyly syndrome type II): Prenatal diagnosis and histological features of chondral growth plate, liver and kidneys
Authors: Tonni Gabriele , Palmisano Marcella , Ventura Alessandro , Grisolia Gianpaolo , Baffico Ave Maria , Pattacini Pierpaolo , Bonasoni Maria Paola , De Felice Claudio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Majewski syndrome or short rib‐polydactyly syndrome (SRPS) type II is a lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by severe IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) and dysmorphic face, polydactyly, relatively proportionate head size at birth with later progression to microcephaly. A case of second trimester ultrasound diagnosis of SRPS type II is reported with review of the medical record of previous observed cases. Postmortem examination and radiogram confirmed the clinical diagnosis. Histological examination of the femoral epypheseal chondral plate showed an expanded and irregular hypertrophic zone. Moreover, characteristic cortico‐medullary cysts of both kidneys and portal fibrosis were also demonstrated; findings consistent with the broad phenotypic spectrum of this rare skeletal disease.
Direct Radial LMHF Microvibration Induced Bone Formation and Promoted Implant Osseointegration
Authors: Wang Shirui , Liu Yang , Tang Yi , Zhao Wei , Li Junying , Yang Yang , Du Wen , Yu Haiyang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundMechanical loading is known to play an important role in bone remodeling.PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of direct low‐magnitude high‐frequency (LMHF) microvibration on dental implant bone formation and osseointegration.Materials and MethodsTitanium implants were installed in rabbit tibiae. The implants in the left legs were loaded with mechanical vibration (15 μm) at 10, 20, 30, and 40 Hz (10, 20, 30, and 40 Hz groups, respectively) for 30 minutes every day. The implants on the right legs were used as a sham control and did not receive a vibration load.ResultsAfter 20 days, the 10, 20, and 30 Hz groups showed significantly greater newly formed bone volume, density, ratio of the bone surface area to the trabecular bone surface area, and ratio of the bone surface area in direct contact with osteoclasts versus the total bone surface area in the region of interest compared with the sham control group, especially the 20 Hz group. However, the 40 Hz group did not.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the application of direct LMHF (10, 20, or 30 Hz) vibration on the implants promoted bone formation and osseointegration, especially at 20 Hz; however, the use of 40 Hz did not result in any significant improvement.
The use of an endostapler in the treatment of supralevator abscess of intersphincteric origin
Authors: García‐Granero A. , Granero‐Castro P. , Frasson M. , Flor‐Lorente B. , Carreño O. , Garcia‐Granero E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimThis technical note describes the use of an endostapler for the definitive treatment of supralevator abscess upward from an intersphincteric origin.MethodA two‐stage treatment was performed. First an endoanal drainage was performed by inserting a mushroom catheter in the supralevator abscess cavity. In the second stage transanal unroofing of the fistula was performed with an endostapler.ResultsSince 2011, three patients have been treated in this way. After 2 years of follow up, none of the patients had recurrence of the abscess or been referred for anal incontinence.ConclusionThe use of an endostapler in the treatment of supralevator abscess of intersphincteric origin may be an alternative to decrease the risk of recurrence and incontinence.
The winners and losers of land use intensification: pollinator community disassembly is non‐random and alters functional diversity
Authors: Rader Romina , Bartomeus Ignasi , Tylianakis Jason M. , Laliberté Etienne 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimPollination services are at risk from land use change and intensification, but responses of individual pollinator species are often variable, making it difficult to detect and understand community‐level impacts on pollination. We investigated changes in community composition and functional diversity of insect pollinator communities under land use change in a highly modified landscape.LocationCanterbury region, South Island, New Zealand.MethodsWe trapped insect pollinators every month for 1 year at 24 sites across four land use types of increasing intensity in New Zealand: gardens with native vegetation, blackcurrant orchards, dairy farms, and rotational cropping farms. We investigated changes in pollinator species and functional richness and differences in species and functional composition.ResultsUnder increasing land use intensity, both species and functional richness declined markedly. Changes in functional richness, however, were overall not significantly different than expected based on the observed declines in species richness. Nevertheless, there was a significant trend towards greater than expected functional richness within less‐intensive land use types and lower than expected functional richness within intensive land use types. The order of species loss under increasing land use intensity was non‐random, as pollinators with a narrow diet breadth, large body size, solitary behaviour and a preference for non‐floral larval food resources were lost first.Main conclusionsOur study shows that pollinator species bearing particular trait attributes are susceptible to differences in land use. Our study suggests that pollination services may be more vulnerable to environmental changes and disturbances in more intensive land use types as a result of lower pollinator functional richness.
Body mass index is related to microvascular vasomotion, this is partly explained by adiponectin
Authors: de Boer Michiel P. , Wijnstok Nienke J. , Serné Erik H. , Eringa Etto C. , Stehouwer Coen D.A. , Flyvbjerg Allan , Hoekstra Trynke , Heymans Martijn W. , Meijer Rick I. , Twisk Jos W. , Smulders Yvo M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveobesity‐related microvascular dysfunction, including alterations in rhythmic changes in vascular diameter, so‐called ‘vasomotion’, may be important in the clustering of obesity with other cardiovascular risk factors. Adipokines have been suggested to play a role in obesity‐related vascular dysfunction. Alterations in vasomotion have been found using extreme body mass index (BMI) phenotypes. Whether these alterations can be translated to the general population is unknown. The aim was to retrospectively investigate relationships between BMI, vasomotion and adipokines in a population‐based cohort.MethodsAdiposity, vasomotion, adiponectin and leptin were determined in 94 apparently healthy participants (age 42 years, 46 men, mean BMI 25·5 ± 3·8 kg/m2) of the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (AGHLS). Vasomotion was assessed via wavelet analysis of skin laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF).ResultsBMI was associated with the neurogenic domain of the vasomotion spectrum (β −0·011, P = 0·046), adiponectin (β −0·18, P = 0·028) and leptin (β 2·22, P < 0·0001). Adiponectin was positively associated with the neurogenic domain of vasomotion (β 0·016, P = 0·019). Leptin did not show any significant relationship with vasomotion. The association between BMI and the neurogenic domain of the vasomotion spectrum was partly explained by adiponectin.ConclusionsThe association between adiposity and microvascular vasomotion also applies to the normal population and is partly explained by adiponectin.
Universal hydraulics of the flowering plants: vessel diameter scales with stem length across angiosperm lineages, habits and climates
Authors: Olson Mark E. , Anfodillo Tommaso , Rosell Julieta A. , Petit Giai , Crivellaro Alan , Isnard Sandrine , León‐Gómez Calixto , Alvarado‐Cárdenas Leonardo O. , Castorena Matiss 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAngiosperm hydraulic performance is crucially affected by the diameters of vessels, the water conducting conduits in the wood. Hydraulic optimality models suggest that vessels should widen predictably from stem tip to base, buffering hydrodynamic resistance accruing as stems, and therefore conductive path, increase in length. Data from 257 species (609 samples) show that vessels widen as predicted with distance from the stem apex across angiosperm orders, habits and habitats. Standardising for stem length, vessels are only slightly wider in warm/moist climates and in lianas, showing that, rather than climate or habit, plant size is by far the main driver of global variation in mean vessel diameter. Terminal twig vessels become wider as plant height increases, while vessel density decreases slightly less than expected tip to base. These patterns lead to testable predictions regarding evolutionary strategies allowing plants to minimise carbon costs per unit leaf area even as height increases.
The case for assessing cannabidiol in epilepsy
Authors: Cilio Maria Roberta , Thiele Elizabeth A. , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: May 2014

SummaryIntractable epilepsies have an extraordinary impact on cognitive and behavioral function and quality of life, and the treatment of seizures represents a challenge and a unique opportunity. Over the past few years, considerable attention has focused on cannabidiol (CBD), the major nonpsychotropic compound of Cannabis sativa. Basic research studies have provided strong evidence for safety and anticonvulsant properties of CBD. However, the lack of pure, pharmacologically active compounds and legal restrictions have prevented clinical research and confined data on efficacy and safety to anecdotal reports. Pure CBD appears to be an ideal candidate among phytocannabinoids as a therapy for treatment‐resistant epilepsy. A first step in this direction is to systematically investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and interactions of CBD with other antiepileptic drugs and obtain an initial signal regarding efficacy at different dosages. These data can then be used to plan double‐blinded placebo‐controlled efficacy trials.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Overexpression of juxtaposed with another zinc finger gene 1 reduces proinflammatory cytokine release via inhibition of stress‐activated protein kinases and nuclear factor‐κB
Authors: Yang Mengliu , Dai Jihuan , Jia Yanjun , Suo Langquzhen , Li Shengbing , Guo Yunsong , Liu Hua , Li Ling , Yang Gangyi 
Published: May 2014

As an inhibitor of the nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group C, member 2 signaling pathway, juxtaposed with another zinc finger gene 1 (JAZF1) has been shown to be involved in gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. However, its role in hepatic lipogenesis and chronic low‐grade inflammation leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine whether JAZF1 overexpression in vivo or in vitro can protect against palmitic acid (PA)‐induced and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced systemic inflammatory responses, and the potential mechanism of this process. JAZF1 overexpression vector was transfected into PA‐treated IAR‐20 hepatocytes. The mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured by real‐time quantitative PCR, and stress‐activated protein kinase activities were measured by immunoblotting. For in vivo studies, JAZF1 transgenic mice were fed an HFD for 12 weeks. Liver tissue was obtained for histological examination, real‐time RT‐PCR, and western blot analysis. PA significantly increased the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 and interleukin‐8 mRNA in IAR‐20 hepatocytes in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. Treatment with JAZF1 or stress‐activated protein kinase inhibitors inhibited PA‐induced tumor necrosis factor‐α, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 and interleukin‐8 expression in these cells. In JAZF1‐treated cells, the decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines was accompanied by decreased p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase phosphorylation and increased nuclear factor‐κB inhibitor‐α protein levels, similarly to the role of signaling inhibitors. In vivo, HFD‐induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines was markedly attenuated in JAZF1‐Tg mice as compared with controls. This attenuation was accompanied by decreased activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor‐κB. These data provide evidence for the important role of JAZF1 in preventing lipogenesis and systemic inflammation‐related disease.
Identification of two functional PCNA‐binding domains in human DNA polymerase κ
Authors: Yoon Jung‐Hoon , Acharya Narottam , Park Jeseong , Basu Debashree , Prakash Satya , Prakash Louise 
Published: May 2014

Previously, we have shown that human DNA polymerase (Pol) η has two functional PCNA‐binding motifs, PIP1 and PIP2, and that a C‐terminal deletion of Polη that lacks the ubiquitin‐binding UBZ domain and the PIP2 domain but retains the PIP1 domain promotes normal levels of translesion synthesis (TLS) opposite a cis‐syn TT dimer in human cells. Here, we identify two PIP domains in Polκ and show that TLS occurs normally in human fibroblast cells in which the pip1 or pip2 mutant Polκ is expressed, but mutational inactivation of both PIP domains renders Polκ nonfunctional in TLS opposite the thymine glycol lesion. Thus, the two PIP domains of Polκ function redundantly in TLS opposite this DNA lesion in human cells. However, and surprisingly, whereas mutational inactivation of the PIP1 domain completely inhibits the stimulation of DNA synthesis by Polκ in the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), replication factor C, and replication protein A, mutations in PIP2 have no adverse effect on PCNA‐dependent DNA synthesis. This raises the possibility that activation of Polκ PIP2 as a PCNA‐binding domain occurs during TLS in human cells and that protein–protein interactions and post‐transcriptional modifications are involved in such activation.
Investigating Groundwater‐Lake Interactions by Hydraulic Heads and a Water Balance
Authors: Rudnick Sebastian , Lewandowski Jörg , Nützmann Gunnar 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDischarge of groundwater into lakes (lacustrine groundwater discharge, LGD) can play a major role in water balances of lakes. Unfortunately, studies often neglect this input path because of methodological difficulties in its determination. Direct measurements of LGD are labor‐consuming and prone to error. The present study uses both spatially variable hydraulic‐head data and meteorological data to estimate groundwater input by LGD and lake water output through infiltration. The study sites are two shallow, groundwater‐fed lakes without any surface inflows or outflows. Horizontally interpolated groundwater heads were combined with lake water levels to obtain vertical hydraulic gradients between the aquifer and the lake, which are separated by a thick layer of lake bed sediment which has a much lower hydraulic conductivity than the underlying aquifer. By fitting the hydraulic gradient to the results of a simple mass balance and considering the process of clogging, we were able to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the lake bed sediments. We calculated groundwater inputs by LGD and lake water outputs by infiltration on an annual basis. Although our method requires several assumptions, the results are reasonable and provide useful information about the exchange between the aquifer and the lake, which can, for example, be used for the calculation of nutrient mass balances.
The effects of heat–moisture treatment of rice grains before parboiling on viscosity profile and physicochemical properties
Authors: Arns Bruna , Paraginski Ricardo Tadeu , Bartz Josiane , de Almeida Schiavon Rafael , Elias Moacir Cardoso , da Rosa Zavareze Elessandra , Dias Alvaro Renato Guerra 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe effects of heat–moisture treatment (HMT) (120 °C for 10, 30 and 60 min) on paddy rice grains before parboiling, on head rice yield (HRY), pasting and thermal properties, and colour and cooking characteristics of parboiled rice were studied. The results indicated that the HMT performed intensifies the changes in grains after parboiling, impacting pasting and thermal properties, which results in rice kernels with yellowish colouration and greater cooking time. HMT increased the temperatures of gelatinisation, with increasing HMT time from 10 to 60 min and reduced the gelatinisation enthalpy. HMT also affected the pasting properties of rice flours, reducing setback and viscosity and increased their stability to heat and mechanical agitation. The HMT performed in rice grains before the parboiling process with 60 min of the treatment decreased the HRY and increased the level of metabolic defects only in the treatment with 60 min.
An evaluation of the reclassification of ophthalmic chloramphenicol for the management of acute bacterial conjunctivitis in community pharmacies in Western Australia
Authors: Alkhatib Luma , Parsons Richard , Czarniak Petra , Sunderland Vivian B 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Objective
The study aims to evaluate factors influencing pharmacists' management of eye infections following the reclassification of ophthalmic chloramphenicol to pharmacist supply.

Methods
Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire posted to a random sample of community pharmacies in urban and rural areas in Western Australia. Data were entered into Excel and analysed using SPSS v17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and SAS v9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the responses and demographics of respondents. Regression analysis was used to identify relationships between variables. Factor analysis was conducted to pool variables and the derived factors were subjected to regression analysis.

Key findings
Of the 240 community pharmacies surveyed, 119 (49.5%) responded (79% urban and 21% rural pharmacies). Urban and rural pharmacies provided ophthalmic chloramphenicol over-the-counter (OTC) 3–4 and 1–2 times weekly, respectively (P = 0.021), with some pharmacies providing 12 or more per week. Over 82% of respondents claimed that sales of other OTC products used for acute bacterial conjunctivitis had ‘decreased/decreased markedly’. A majority of respondents (59%) claimed that there was no change in the number of prescriptions received for ophthalmic chloramphenicol. Most respondents (76.4%) agreed/strongly agreed that pharmacist's current level of training was adequate to provide ophthalmic chloramphenicol. However, approximately one-fifth (21.8%) responded that pharmacists required some additional training.

Conclusions
Down-scheduling of ophthalmic chloramphenicol has improved pharmacists' capability to treat acute bacterial conjunctivitis, largely as a replacement for products previously available OTC, rather than fewer general practitioner consultations. Pharmacists showed overall support for the reclassification as it enabled better use of professional skills and patient access to improved treatment options.