bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late bloomers and baby boomers: ecological drivers of longevity in squamates and the tuatara
Authors: Scharf Inon , Feldman Anat , Novosolov Maria , Pincheira‐Donoso Daniel , Das Indraneil , Böhm Monika , Uetz Peter , Torres‐Carvajal Omar , Bauer Aaron , Roll Uri , Meiri Shai 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimLongevity is an important life‐history trait, directly linked to the core attributes of fitness (reproduction and survival), yet large‐scale comparative studies quantifying its implications for the ecology and life history of ectotherms are scarce. We tested the allometry of longevity in squamates and the tuatara, and determined how longevity is related to key environmental characteristics and life‐history traits. Predictions based on life‐history theory are expected to hold true for ectotherms, similarly to mammals and birds.LocationWorld‐wide.MethodsWe assembled from the literature a dataset of the maximum longevities of more than a thousand squamate species, representing c. 10% of their known species diversity, their phylogenetic relationships and multiple life‐history and ecological variables. Correcting for phylogeny, we modelled the link between squamate longevity and both key life‐history traits, such as body mass and age at first reproduction, and important environmental factors, such as latitude and primary productivity within species distributional ranges.ResultsLarge‐bodied species live for longer than small ones, but body size explains far less of the variance in longevity than it does in mammals and birds. Accounting for body size, squamate brood frequency is negatively correlated with longevity, while age at first reproduction is positively correlated with longevity. This points to a continuum of slow‐to‐fast life‐history strategies. Squamates in high latitudes and cold regions live for longer, probably because a shorter season of activity translates to slower development, older age at first reproduction and hence to increased longevity. Individuals live longer in captivity than in the wild. Herbivorous and omnivorous squamates live for longer than carnivorous ones. We postulate that low‐quality nutrition reduces growth rates, promotes a relative decline in reproductive rates and thus prolongs life.Main conclusionsOur results support key predictions from life‐history theory and suggest that reproducing more slowly and at older ages, being herbivorous and, plausibly, lowering metabolism, result in increased longevity.
Understanding patients' and doctors' attitudes about shared decision making for advance care planning
Authors: Hajizadeh Negin , Uhler Lauren M. , Pérez Figueroa Rafael E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough shared decision making (SDM) is the preferred model of making complex treatment decisions with patients, patients' and doctors' attitudes towards SDM for advance care planning are unknown.ObjectiveWe sought to: (i) gain general insights into the current practice of SDM and attitudes about patient involvement, and (ii) gain specific insights into experience with, and attitudes about, SDM for advance care planning.DesignQualitative analysis of face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews.Setting and participantsPatients with chronic lung disease and their doctors at a New York City public hospital.ResultsAlthough patients described participation in decision making, many deferred the final decision to their doctors. Doctors indicated a preference for SDM but expressed barriers including perceived lack of patient understanding and lack of patient empowerment. With regard to end‐of‐life discussions, patients were generally open to having these discussions with their doctors, although their openness sometimes depended on the circumstance (i.e. end‐of‐life discussions may be more acceptable to patients for whom the chance of dying is high). Doctors reported engaging in end‐of‐life treatment decisions with their patients, although expressed the need for conversations to take place earlier, in advance of acute illness, and identified a lack of prognostic estimates as one barrier to engaging in this discussion.ConclusionsDoctors should explore their patients' attitudes regarding end‐of‐life discussions and preferences for decision‐making styles. There is a need for tools such as decision aids which can empower patients to participate in decision making and can support doctors with prognostic estimates pertinent to individual patients.
Short QT syndrome in a boy diagnosed on screening for heart disease
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi , Hoshina Satoshi , Ozawa Junichi , Sato Akinori , Minamino Tohru , Aizawa Yoshifusa , Saitoh Akihiko 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report on an asymptomatic 10‐year‐old boy who had a short QT interval (corrected QT interval, 260 ms). Short QT syndrome (SQTS) was detected in a school screening program for heart disease and the patient was subsequently diagnosed as having N588K mutation in the KCNH2 gene. Quinidine prolonged the QT interval, but not the QU interval. During treadmill exercise stress test, QT and QU intervals responded differently to heart rate changes, suggesting a mechanoelectrical hypothesis for the origin of the U wave. Although rare, attention should be paid to SQTS, which is associated with potential fatal arrhythmias.
Anaphylaxis induced by oral methylprednisolone in a 10‐year‐old boy
Authors: Kim Seong Heon , Kim Hye‐young 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCorticosteroids are potent anti‐inflammatory and anti‐allergic agents used in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, including allergic diseases. Allergic reactions caused by corticosteroids, however, have been reported. Among these, delayed reactions to topical steroids are more common, whereas immediate reactions to systemic steroids are rare. Herein, we report the case of a 10‐year old boy with methylprednisolone‐induced anaphylaxis, in which the patient had a positive oral challenge test result. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of anaphylaxis or other allergic hypersensitivity in response to corticosteroids.
Osteopetrosis mimicking juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Hoyoux Claire , Dresse Marie Françoise , Forget Patricia , Piette Caroline , Rausin Léon , Villa Anna , Gothot Andre , Florkin Benoit 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA 5‐month‐old boy developed splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia with elevated white cells, monocytosis and immature granulocytes in the peripheral blood. Bone marrow showed dysplasia without blastosis. Increased colony‐forming unit‐granulocyte–macrophage was found in the peripheral blood, mimicking granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor hypersensitivity. These findings fulfilled the diagnosis criteria for juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), but no mutations in the CBL, NRAS, KRAS, or PTPN11 genes were detected. In addition to these findings severe hypogammaglobulinemia and elevated alkaline phosphatase were present. Bone X‐ray showed dense and radiopaque bones with a bone‐in‐bone appearance characteristic of infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO). Genetic mutation in T‐cell, immune regulator 1 (TCIRG1) was identified, confirming the diagnosis of IMO. Careful differential diagnosis including osteopetrosis, is therefore recommended in patients with clinical features and hematologic findings consistent with JMML.
Peripheral blood flow monitoring in an infant with septic shock
Authors: Ishiguro Akio , Sakazaki Sayaka , Itakura Ryuta , Fujinuma Sumie , Oka Shuntaro , Motojima Yukiko , Sobajima Hisanori , Tamura Masanori 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSeptic shock is associated with impaired vasoregulation, and treatment includes vasoactive drugs. Therefore, evaluation of vasoregulatory change is important. The present report describes the successful characterization of vasoregulatory change in response to a vasoactive drug during septic shock. A male infant born at 23 weeks' gestation developed septic shock. Severe hypotension developed, and treatment with colloid fluid and dopamine failed to increase blood pressure. With continuous measurement of skin blood flow using laser Doppler, noradrenaline was started. Based on changes in the blood flow, the dose was increased. At a dose of 1 μg/kg per min, skin blood flow in the foot decreased without any change in blood pressure. Subsequent blood transfusion succeeded in increasing both blood pressure and skin blood flow. It is concluded that decrease in foot blood flow reflects the vasoconstrictive effect of noradrenaline, although this finding must be validated in larger studies.
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma diagnosed on FISH for HEY1‐NCOA2 fusion gene
Authors: Moriya Kunihiko , Katayama Saori , Onuma Masaei , Rikiishi Takeshi , Hosaka Masami , Watanabe Mika , Hasegawa Tadashi , Sasahara Yoji , Kure Shigeo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) is an extremely rare subtype of chondrosarcoma that has a small round‐cell sarcoma with focal cartilaginous differentiation, often with a pericytomatous vascular pattern. The non‐cartilaginous components are usually dominant, and such lesions might be confused with other small round‐cell tumors. Recently, a tumor‐specific HEY1‐NCOA2 fusion gene was identified in MC. Here we report the case of a 9‐year‐old boy who was diagnosed with MC by detection of HEY1‐NCOA2 fusion signals in almost 50% of tumor cells in tissue sections on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In this way, the tumor was definitively diagnosed as MC. This case suggests that the detection of the HEY1‐NCOA2 fusion gene on FISH is of diagnostic value for MC.
Response planning in word typing: Evidence for inhibition
Authors: Pinet Svetlana , Hamamé Carlos M. , Longcamp Marieke , Vidal Franck , Alario F.‐Xavier 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTyping is a pervasive phenomenon, yet the underlying neural processes have hardly been studied. Here, the mechanisms of keystroke preparation were studied with a typed picture‐naming task performed by expert typists. Electroencephalographic activities recorded over sensorimotor areas prior to first‐keystroke onset were examined with time‐frequency and event‐related potential (ERP) analyses. In the time‐frequency domain, a beta event‐related desynchronization was present bilaterally. In the ERP analyses, the activity was asymmetric, with negativity and positivity patterns developing over, respectively, contra‐ and ipsilateral recording sites. This pattern is similar to that observed in choice reaction time tasks, and thus can be interpreted as evidence of contralateral motor cortex activation accompanied by inhibition of the ipsilateral motor cortex. These data constitute the first electrophysiological demonstration of inhibitory activity in typing and pave the way to a thorough study of typing.
A Drop‐Bar Setup for the Compressive Testing of Rubber‐Like Materials in the Intermediate Strain Rate Range
Authors: Petiteau J.‐C. , Othman R. , Guégan P. , Le Sourne H. , Verron E. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTOnly few works have been focused on soft materials at medium strain rates. In the present paper, we propose a new experimental setup to investigate the compressive response of rubber‐like materials in the range of intermediate strain rates, such experiments being difficult to conduct with conventional mechanical frames or traditional Hopkinson bar technique. The new apparatus consists in a hybrid technique that takes advantage of the assets of the Hopkinson bar and drop‐weight techniques. It involves an instrumented tubular aluminium bar connected to a steel bar, both being accelerated by gravity. The new device, associated with a classical servo‐hydraulic machine, permits to characterise natural rubber material at strain rate ranging from 0.01 to 100 s−1, highlighting the sensitivity of this material to strain rate.
Thermoacoustic imaging over large field of view for three‐dimensional breast tumor localization: A phantom study
Authors: Fu Yong , Ji Zhong , Ding Wenzheng , Ye Fanghao , Lou Cunguang 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:Previous studies demonstrated that thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) has great potential for breast tumor detection. However, large field of view (FOV) imaging remains a long‐standing challenge for three‐dimensional (3D) breast tumor localization. Here, the authors propose a practical TAI system for noninvasive 3D localization of breast tumors with large FOV through the use of ultrashort microwave pulse (USMP).Methods:A USMP generator was employed for TAI. The energy density required for quality imaging and the corresponding microwave‐to‐acoustic conversion efficiency were compared with that of conventional TAI. The microwave energy distribution, imaging depth, resolution, and 3D imaging capabilities were then investigated. Finally, a breast phantom embedded with a laboratory‐grown tumor was imaged to evaluate the FOV performance of the USMP TAI system, under a simulated clinical situation.Results:A radiation energy density equivalent to just 1.6%–2.2% of that for conventional submicrosecond microwave TAI was sufficient to obtain a thermoacoustic signal with the required signal‐to‐noise ratio. This result clearly demonstrated a significantly higher microwave‐to‐acoustic conversion efficiency of USMP TAI compared to that of conventional TAI. The USMP TAI system achieved 61 mm imaging depth and 12 × 12 cm2 microwave radiation area. The volumetric image of a copper target measured at depth of 4–6 cm matched well with the actual shape and the resolution reaches 230 μm. The TAI of the breast phantom was precisely localized to an accuracy of 0.1 cm over an 8 × 8 cm2 FOV.Conclusions:The experimental results demonstrated that the USMP TAI system offered significant potential for noninvasive clinical detection and 3D localization of deep breast tumors, with low microwave radiation dose and high spatial resolution over a sufficiently large FOV.
A multifractal approach to space‐filling recovery for PET quantification
Authors: Willaime Julien M. Y. , Aboagye Eric O. , Tsoumpas Charalampos , Turkheimer Federico E. 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:A new image‐based methodology is developed for estimating the apparent space‐filling properties of an object of interest in PET imaging without need for a robust segmentation step and used to recover accurate estimates of total lesion activity (TLA).Methods:A multifractal approach and the fractal dimension are proposed to recover the apparent space‐filling index of a lesion (tumor volume, TV) embedded in nonzero background. A practical implementation is proposed, and the index is subsequently used with mean standardized uptake value (SUV mean) to correct TLA estimates obtained from approximate lesion contours. The methodology is illustrated on fractal and synthetic objects contaminated by partial volume effects (PVEs), validated on realistic 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose PET simulations and tested for its robustness using a clinical 18F‐fluorothymidine PET test–retest dataset.Results:TLA estimates were stable for a range of resolutions typical in PET oncology (4–6 mm). By contrast, the space‐filling index and intensity estimates were resolution dependent. TLA was generally recovered within 15% of ground truth on postfiltered PET images affected by PVEs. Volumes were recovered within 15% variability in the repeatability study. Results indicated that TLA is a more robust index than other traditional metrics such as SUV mean or TV measurements across imaging protocols.Conclusions:The fractal procedure reported here is proposed as a simple and effective computational alternative to existing methodologies which require the incorporation of image preprocessing steps (i.e., partial volume correction and automatic segmentation) prior to quantification.
Scalable quality assurance for large SNOMED CT hierarchies using subject-based subtaxonomies
Authors: Ochs Christopher , Geller James , Perl Yehoshua , Chen Yan , Xu Junchuan , Min Hua , Case James T , Wei Zhi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective Standards terminologies may be large and complex, making their quality assurance challenging. Some terminology quality assurance (TQA) methodologies are based on abstraction networks (AbNs), compact terminology summaries. We have tested AbNs and the performance of related TQA methodologies on small terminology hierarchies. However, some standards terminologies, for example, SNOMED, are composed of very large hierarchies. Scaling AbN TQA techniques to such hierarchies poses a significant challenge. We present a scalable subject-based approach for AbN TQA.
Methods An innovative technique is presented for scaling TQA by creating a new kind of subject-based AbN called a subtaxonomy for large hierarchies. New hypotheses about concentrations of erroneous concepts within the AbN are introduced to guide scalable TQA.
Results We test the TQA methodology for a subject-based subtaxonomy for the Bleeding subhierarchy in SNOMED's large Clinical finding hierarchy. To test the error concentration hypotheses, three domain experts reviewed a sample of 300 concepts. A consensus-based evaluation identified 87 erroneous concepts. The subtaxonomy-based TQA methodology was shown to uncover statistically significantly more erroneous concepts when compared to a control sample.
Discussion The scalability of TQA methodologies is a challenge for large standards systems like SNOMED. We demonstrated innovative subject-based TQA techniques by identifying groups of concepts with a higher likelihood of having errors within the subtaxonomy. Scalability is achieved by reviewing a large hierarchy by subject.
Conclusions An innovative methodology for scaling the derivation of AbNs and a TQA methodology was shown to perform successfully for the largest hierarchy of SNOMED.
Gene–environment interaction involved in cholangiocarcinoma in the Thai population: polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, smoking and use of alcohol
Authors: Songserm Nopparat , Promthet Supannee , Pientong Chamsai , Ekalaksananan Tipaya , Chopjitt Peechanika , Wiangnon Surapon 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common malignancy in a Northeast Thai population. Smoking and alcohol drinking are associated with the production of free radical intermediates, which can cause several types of DNA lesions. Reduced repair of these DNA lesions would constitute an important risk factor for cancer development. We therefore examined whether polymorphisms in DNA base-excision repair (BER) genes,XRCC1G399A andOGG1C326G, were associated with CCA risk and whether they modified the effect of smoking and alcohol drinking in the Thai population.DesignA nested case–control study within the cohort study was conducted: 219 participants with primary CCA were each matched with two non-cancer controls from the same cohort on sex, age at recruitment and the presence/absence ofOpisthorchis viverrinieggs in stools. Smoking and alcohol consumption were assessed on recruitment. Polymorphisms in BER genes were analysed using a PCR with high-resolution melting analysis. The associations were assessed using conditional logistic regression.ResultsOur results suggest that, in the Thai population, polymorphisms inXRCC1andOGG1genes, particularly in combination, are associated with increased susceptibility to CCA, and that their role as modifiers of the effect of smoking and alcohol consumption influences the risk of CCA.ConclusionsBetter ways of reducing habitual smoking and alcohol consumption, targeted towards subgroups which are genetically susceptible, are recommended. CCA is a multifactorial disease, and a comprehensive approach is needed for its effective prevention. This approach would also have the additional advantage of reducing the onset of other cancers.
Identification of ATR–Chk1 Pathway Inhibitors That Selectively Target p53-Deficient Cells without Directly Suppressing ATR Catalytic Activity
Authors: Kawasumi Masaoki , Bradner James E. , Tolliday Nicola , Thibodeau Renee , Sloan Heather , Brummond Kay M. , Nghiem Paul 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Resistance to DNA-damaging chemotherapy is a barrier to effective treatment that appears to be augmented by p53 functional deficiency in many cancers. In p53-deficient cells in which the G1–S checkpoint is compromised, cell viability after DNA damage relies upon intact intra-S and G2–M checkpoints mediated by the ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related) and Chk1 kinases. Thus, a logical rationale to sensitize p53-deficient cancers to DNA-damaging chemotherapy is through the use of ATP-competitive inhibitors of ATR or Chk1. To discover small molecules that may act on uncharacterized components of the ATR pathway, we performed a phenotype-based screen of 9,195 compounds for their ability to inhibit hydroxyurea-induced phosphorylation of Ser345 on Chk1, known to be a critical ATR substrate. This effort led to the identification of four small-molecule compounds, three of which were derived from known bioactive library (anthothecol, dihydrocelastryl, and erysolin) and one of which was a novel synthetic compound termed MARPIN. These compounds all inhibited ATR-selective phosphorylation and sensitized p53-deficient cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents in vitro and in vivo. Notably, these compounds did not inhibit ATR catalytic activity in vitro, unlike typical ATP-competitive inhibitors, but acted in a mechanistically distinct manner to disable ATR–Chk1 function. Our results highlight a set of novel molecular probes to further elucidate druggable mechanisms to improve cancer therapeutic responses produced by DNA-damaging drugs. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7534–45. ©2014 AACR.
New Strategies in Breast Cancer: The Significance of Molecular Subtypes in Systemic Adjuvant Treatment for Small T1a,bN0M0 Tumors
Authors: Sonnenblick Amir , Fumagalli Debora , Azim Hatem A. , Sotiriou Christos , Piccart Martine 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAwareness of breast cancer heterogeneity has strikingly increased in the past decade in parallel with the development of high-throughput molecular tests. Beyond the clear usefulness of antiestrogen treatment in luminal tumors and trastuzumab in HER2-positive tumors, breast cancer subtypes may have additional clinical and predictive roles that can be relevant to clinical practice. In this article, we discuss the significance of molecular subtypes in the systemic treatment of early-stage breast tumors smaller than 1 cm (T1a,bN0M0) and suggest new strategies for future treatment recommendations for these patients. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6242–6. ©2014 AACR.