bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accentuating the rank positions in an agreement index with reference to a consensus order
Authors: Leyva López Juan C. , Alvarez Carrillo Pavel A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an index that measures the agreement level between an individual opinion and a collective opinion when both are expressed by rankings of a set of alternatives. This index constitutes an interesting weighted version of the well‐known Kendall's ranks correlation index. The originality of the proposed index arises from the fact that it accounts for the relevance of the specific position of the alternatives in an individual order to quantify the agreement level of the individual order with respect to a collective temporary order. The paper also introduces a new consensus measure model. The core of the consensus model is the proposed agreement index. We present an illustrative example to describe the consensus process. We can obtain a faster convergence to a consensus solution using this new index compared to Kendall's index.
Determination of the Activation Energy and Master Sintering Curve for NiO/YSZ Composite Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes
Authors: Rayner Addison J. , Clemmer Ryan M. C. , Corbin Stephen F. 
Published: December 2014

Master sintering curves (MSCs) were constructed for tape cast NiO, YSZ and NiO/YSZ composite materials using apparent activation energies obtained through dilatometry experiments. A rule of mixtures approach was demonstrated to be a useful analysis tool in understanding the activation energy of the NiO/YSZ composites since NiO and YSZ do not affect the sintering of the other phase. Prediction of the 48 vol% NiO composite was less accurate because of competing sintering modes near the percolation threshold.
Phylogeography of the subterranean rodent Ctenomys torquatus: an evaluation of the riverine barrier hypothesis
Authors: Roratto Paula Angélica , Fernandes Fabiano Araújo , de Freitas Thales R. O. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimSubterranean rodents of the genus Ctenomys are widespread in open habitats; the collared tuco‐tuco, C. torquatus, has a wide range crossed by large water‐courses. Based on a phylogeographical approach to investigate the riverine barrier hypothesis, we evaluated the strength of a river as a barrier and characterized the effect of large rivers in structuring distinct populations of the collared tuco‐tuco.LocationGrasslands of southern Brazil.MethodsSampling included 294 individuals from 33 localities throughout the geographical range of C. torquatus, especially around the main rivers. Phylogeographical patterns were estimated through two mitochondrial DNA sequences (control region and COI). Additionally, 22 microsatellite loci were surveyed to estimate the effect of rivers on population divergence through the FST index of genetic differentiation and AMOVAs. Spatial autocorrelation analyses were performed for both molecular markers. Molecular rates of change for mitochondrial DNA were estimated using fossil records and applied to Bayesian demographic analysis to test the relationship with the river geological data.ResultsMolecular‐clock analysis estimated the time to most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) to be c. 200 kyr and indicated a pattern of recent demographic expansion for C. torquatus. Fu's FS neutrality test was significant and negative (−13.7). High and significant FST and AMOVA among‐population comparisons (FSC) revealed highly differentiated populations, although no AMOVA groupings considering rivers as a segregating factor were significant. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that isolation by distance was detected over approximately 200 km.Main conclusionsThe effect of the river was not proportionally larger from the headwaters to the mouth, and no population differentiation was observed after the later events of dispersal over the river or the formation of a water channel. This finding could result from the recent history of the occupation of C. torquatus in that region, combined with a dry Pleistocene climate and lower river levels.
S‐allyl cysteine alleviates nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced gastric mucosal damages by increasing cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibition, heme oxygenase‐1 induction, and histone deacetylation inhibition
Authors: Park Jong‐Min , Han Young‐Min , Kangwan Napapan , Lee Soo‐Yeon , Jung Mi‐Kyoung , Kim Eun‐Hee , Hahm Ki‐Baik 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the most highly prescribed drugs in the world for the treatment of pain, inflammation, and fever, are associated with gastric mucosal damages including ulcer directly or indirectly. This study was aimed to document the preventive effects of an organosulfur constituent of garlic, S‐allyl cysteine (SAC), against NSAIDs‐induced gastric damages, as well the elucidation of its pharmacological actions, such as anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, and cytoprotective actions.MethodsDifferent doses of SAC were administrated intragastrically before the indomethacin administration. After killing, in addition to gross and pathological evaluations of ulcer, the expressions of inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenase‐2, prostaglandin E2, IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐6, and anti‐oxidant capacity, were analyzed by Western blot analysis or ELISA, respectively. Transferase deoxytidyl uridine end labeling assay, periodic acid and Schiff staining, F4/80 staining, and CD31 staining were compared among doses of SAC. Detailed documentation of in vitro biological actions of SAC, including NF‐κB, histone deacetylator inhibition, phase 2 enzyme, and MAPKs, was performed.ResultsSAC was very effective in preventing indomethacin‐induced gastric damages in a low dose through significant decreases in macrophage infiltration as well as restorative action. Indomethacin‐induced expressions of inflammatory mediators were all significantly attenuated with SAC in accordance with histone deacetylator inhibition. In addition, SAC significantly increased the total anti‐oxidant concentration and mucus secretion, and allows for a significant induction of HO‐1. However, these preventive effects of SAC were dependent on dosage of SAC; higher dose above 10 μM paradoxically aggravated NSAID‐induced inflammation.ConclusionSynthetic SAC can be promising therapeutics agent to provide potent anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, and mucosa protective effects against NSAID‐induced damages.
Comparison of teprenone and famotidine against gastroduodenal mucosal damage in patients taking low‐dose aspirin
Authors: Takeuchi Toshihisa , Ota Kazuhiro , Harada Satoshi , Kojima Yuichi , Inoue Takuya , Iwakiri Ryuichi , Sakata Yasuhisa , Fujimoto Kazuma , Fujita Tsuyoshi , Azuma Takeshi , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimProton‐pump inhibitors are known to be effective in the treatment and prevention of ulcers related to low‐dose aspirin (LDA), but few reports address H2‐receptor antagonists (H2RAs) and gastroprotective agents (GPs). This study was intended to compare the therapeutic effects of an H2RA and a GP against gastroduodenal mucosal injuries in patients taking LDA.MethodsThe subjects consisted of patients requiring continuous LDA treatment, in whom no peptic ulcer was found on endoscopy at enrollment. The patients were randomized to either famotidine 20 mg/day (group F) or teprenone 150 mg/day (group T). The study medication was administered for 12 weeks. The patients underwent endoscopy after administration of the study medication in order to obtain a Lanza score.ResultsA total of 66 patients (38 in group F, 28 in group T) were included in the efficacy analysis population. The Lanza score changed as follows: in group F, it improved significantly, from 0.89 ± 1.03 (mean ± standard deviation) before medication to 0.39 ± 0.75 after medication (P = 0.006); in group T, no significant difference was observed: 0.75 ± 0.93 before medication and 0.68 ± 0.82 after medication.ConclusionFamotidine is better than teprenone in terms of reducing the number of the erosions under use of LDA.
Alteration of angiogenesis in Helicobacter heilmannii‐induced mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: Interaction with c‐Met and hepatocyte growth factor
Authors: Nakamura Masahiko , Takahashi Tetsufumi , Matsui Hidenori , Baniwa Yuko , Takahashi Shinichi , Murayama Somay Y , Serizawa Hiroshi , Suzuki Hidekazu , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimThe hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c‐Met pathway has attracted attention in the formation of malignant tumors, as HGF secreted from the microcirculatory components as well as residing macrophages has been suggested to act on the c‐Met receptors of cancer cells to decrease apoptosis and increase proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the interaction of the gastric, hepatic, and pulmonary mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma induced by Helicobacter heilmannii infection with c‐Met and HGF.MethodsC57BL/6 female mice, infected with H. heilmannii for 3 months were used. The localization of the HGF, c‐Met, and HGF activator immunoreactivities was observed by the indirect immunohistochemical methods. In addition, the effect of c‐Met antibody and c‐Met inhibitor, PHA‐665752, was also investigated.Resultsc‐Met immunoreactivity was found in the lymphocytes composing the MALT lymphoma, and HGF immunoreactivity was recognized mostly in the endothelial cells and macrophages in the MALT lymphoma. HGFA was localized on mesenchymal cells other than the lymphocytes. The administration of the antibody against c‐Met or the c‐Met inhibitor to the infected mice induced the significant suppression of hepatic and pulmonary MALT lymphoma, while the gastric MALT lymphoma showed only a tendency to decrease in size, while the active caspase 3 positive cells markedly decreased in the gastric, hepatic, and pulmonary MALT lymphoma after the treatment with the c‐Met antibody or the c‐Met antagonist.ConclusionsHGF and c‐Met pathway were suggested to contribute to the lymphomagenesis in the MALT lymphoma after H. heilmannii infection.
Changes in the first line Helicobacter pylori eradication rates using the triple therapy–a multicenter study in the Tokyo metropolitan area (Tokyo Helicobacter pylori study group)
Authors: Kawai Takashi , Takahashi Shin'ichi , Suzuki Hidekazu , Sasaki Hitoshi , Nagahara Akihito , Asaoka Daisuke , Matsuhisa Takeshi , Masaoaka Tatsuhiro , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Suzuki Masayuki , Ito Masayoshi , Kurihara Naoto , Omata Fumio , Mizuno Shigeaki , Torii Akira , Kawakami Kohei , Ohkusa Toshifumi , Tokunaga Kengo , Mine Tetsuya , Sakaki Nobuhiro 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a strong risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. In 2013, the Japanese government approved H. pylori eradication therapy in patients with chronic gastritis as well as peptic ulcer. However, the continuing decline in eradication rates for first‐line H. pylori eradication therapies is an urgent problem. In this study, we investigated changes in the first‐line eradication rate from 2001 to 2010.MethodsEradication rates for 7‐day triple therapy [proton pump inhibitor (rabeprazole 20 mg, lansoprazole 60 mg, or omeprazole 40 mg) + amoxicillin 1500 mg + clarithromycin (CAM) 400 or 800 mg, daily] were collated from 14 hospitals in the Tokyo metropolitan area. The urea breath test was used for the evaluation of eradication. The cut‐off value was less than 2.5%.ResultsThe yearly eradication rates (intention to treat/per protocol) were 78.5/79.5% (2001, n = 242), 71.2%/72.9% (2002, n = 208), 67.8%/70.5% (2003, n = 183), 75.6%/84.6% (2004, n = 131), 56.4%/70.5% (2005, n = 114), 70.5%/75.8% (2006, n = 271), 67.4%/82.0% (2007,n = 135), 64.0%/76.3% (2008, n = 261), 60.5%/74.3% (2009, n = 329), and 66.5%/78.8% (2010, n = 370), respectively. Examination of eradication rates according to CAM dosage revealed an eradication rate of 65.6% (383/584) for CAM 400 mg daily, and 68.5% (1124/1642) for CAM 800 mg daily, with no significant difference seen between dosages.ConclusionIn recent years, eradication rates for first‐line triple therapy have obviously decreased, but no noticeable decrease has occurred after 2001.
Initial clinical trial of a novel hemostat, TDM‐621, in the endoscopic treatments of the gastric tumors
Authors: Yoshida Masashi , Goto Naoki , Kawaguchi Minoru , Koyama Hidehiko , Kuroda Junko , Kitahora Tetsuji , Iwasaki Hiroyuki , Suzuki Shinji , Kataoka Mikinori , Takashi Fujii , Kitajima Masaki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimThe feasibility of TDM‐621, the synthetic infectious agent‐free peptides, was tested in hemostasis of the bleeding after endoscopic treatments of the gastric tumors.MethodsThe patients who underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) were enrolled in the present study. The subject of hemostasis was the oozing after the EMR or ESD. The hemostatic effect, the secondary hemorrhage from one postoperative day to the day before discharge and operability were studied.ResultsThe hemostatic effects were assessed in 12 patients. It was “remarkably effective” in 11 patients and “effective” in 1 patient. The operability was “very easy” in two patients, “easy” in eight patients and “acceptable” in two patients. No secondary hemorrhage was observed in all of 12 patients. No adverse effect considered to be related to TDM‐621 was observed.ConclusionIt was shown that hemostasis using TDM‐621 was feasible after endoscopic treatments of the gastric tumors without any technical trouble or adverse event.
A Prospective Study of the Use and Effects of Screening Mammography in Women Aged 70 and Older
Authors: Vacek Pamela M. , Skelly Joan M. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo prospectively examine how age and comorbidity affect screening mammography use, cancer detection, and overall survival.DesignProspective, with median follow‐up of 10.2 years.SettingA population‐based cohort of Vermont women with data in the Vermont Breast Cancer Surveillance System.ParticipantsWomen aged 70 and older with no history of breast cancer (N = 20,697).MeasurementsRates of screening, diagnostic procedure use, and breast cancer diagnosis were examined according to age and comorbidity. The effect of breast cancer on overall survival was assessed in relation to detection mode, tumor characteristics, and treatment.ResultsScreening declined 9% per year after age 70 and 18% with each unit increase in comorbidity score, with corresponding increases in clinically detected breast cancer. Invasive cancer was associated with greater overall mortality (screen detected: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.40; clinically detected: HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.43–1.96). The latter HR reflects a much greater absolute risk of death for women in a population with high baseline mortality. Use of breast‐conserving surgery as the only treatment for Stage I cancer increased markedly with age and was associated with shorter overall survival than radiation or mastectomy (relative risk = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.42–3.47).ConclusionLower screening mammography use by older women is associated with more clinically detected breast cancers, which are associated with poorer survival. Treatment received for early‐stage cancer influences the effect of screening on survival.
Epidemiology of Drug–Disease Interactions in Older Veteran Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Aspinall Sherrie L. , Zhao Xinhua , Semla Todd P. , Cunningham Francesca E. , Paquin Allison M. , Pugh Mary Jo , Schmader Kenneth E. , Stone Roslyn A. , Hanlon Joseph T. ,   the Veterans Affairs Community Living Center Pharmacotherapy Research Group
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence of and factors associated with drug–disease interactions (DDIs) in older nursing home residents according to the American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingFifteen Veterans Affairs Community Living Centers.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older with a diagnosis of dementia or cognitive impairment, a history of falls or hip fracture, heart failure (HF), a history of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), or Stage IV or V chronic kidney disease (CKD).MeasurementsMedications that could exacerbate the above conditions (DDIs).ResultsThree hundred sixty‐one of 696 (51.9%) eligible residents had one or more DDIs. None involved residents with a history of PUD, one involved a resident with CKD, and four occurred in residents with HF. Of 540 residents with dementia or cognitive impairment, 50.7% took a drug that could exacerbate these conditions; the most commonly involved medications were antipsychotics (35.4%) and benzodiazepines (14.4%). Of 267 with a history of falls or hip fracture, 67.8% received an interacting medication, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (33.1%), antipsychotics (30.7%), and anticonvulsants (25.1%) being most commonly involved. Using separate multivariable logistic regression models, factors associated with DDIs in dementia or cognitive impairment and falls or fractures included age 85 and older (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.24–0.60 and aOR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.24–0.96, respectively), taking five to eight medications (aOR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.02–4.16 and aOR = 4.76, 95% CI = 1.68–13.5, respectively), taking nine or more medications (aOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.03–3.85 and aOR = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.41–9.61, respectively), and being a long‐stay resident (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.04–3.12 and aOR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.12–4.91, respectively).ConclusionDDIs were common in older nursing home residents with dementia or cognitive impairment or a history of falls or fractures.
Evidence‐based medicine: What has happened in the past 50 years?
Authors: Mellis Craig 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlthough the phrase ‘evidence‐based medicine’ (EBM) was used for the first time in the medical literature less than 25 years ago, the history of EBM goes back for centuries. What is remarkable is how popular and how globally accepted the EBM movement has become in such a short time. Many famous, past clinicians have played major roles in the disciplines that preceded EBM, particularly ‘clinical epidemiology’. It soon became clear to the early EBM champions that ‘evidence’ was only part of the clinical decision‐making process. Consequently, both clinical expertise and the patient's values and preferences were rapidly incorporated into the concept we now know as ‘EBM’. The current need for high‐quality, easily accessible ‘evidence‐based summaries’ for busy clinicians is now apparent, as traditional EBM requires both considerable time and skill. Consequently, there is a progressive move away from the primary literature (such as randomised controlled trials) to systematic reviews and other ‘evidence‐based summaries’. The future of EBM will almost certainly involve widespread utilisation of ‘clinical (computer)‐based decision support systems’.
Paediatric nephrology: The last 50 years
Authors: Kausman Joshua Y , Powell Harley R 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn 1965, the specialty of paediatric nephrology was in its infancy. Following the development of a landmark collaborative research study, the International Study of Kidney Disease in Childhood in the mid‐1960s, the first specialist societies were formed: the European Society of Pediatric Nephrology in 1967 and the American Society of Pediatric Nephrology in 1969. The extraordinary improvements in care delivered to children with kidney disease over the past 50 years are too broad to cover in any one paper. They traverse the spectrum of diagnosis, classification, therapeutics, social well‐being and transition to adult care. We have selected four case scenarios to highlight these changes in key areas of paediatric nephrology: post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, haemolytic uraemic syndrome and neonatal dialysis and childhood transplantation.
The distribution of megablocks in the Ries crater, Germany: Remote sensing, field investigation, and statistical analyses
Authors: Sturm Sebastian , Kenkmann Thomas , Willmes Malte , Pösges Gisela , Hiesinger Harald 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Ries crater is a well‐preserved, complex impact crater that has been extensively used in the study of impact crater formation processes across the solar system. However, its geologic structure, especially the megablock zone, still poses questions regarding crater formation mechanics. The megablock zone, located between the inner crystalline ring and outer, morphologic crater rim, consists of allochthonous crystalline and sedimentary blocks, Bunte Breccia deposits, patches of suevite, and parautochthonous sedimentary blocks that slumped into the crater during crater modification. Our remote sensing detection method in combination with a shallow drilling campaign and geoelectric measurements at two selected megablocks proved successful in finding new megablock structures (>25 m mean diameter) within the upper approximately 1.5 m of the subsurface in the megablock zone. We analyzed 1777 megablocks of the megablock zone, 81 of which are new discoveries. In our statistical analysis, we also included 2318 ejecta blocks >25 m beyond the crater rim. Parautochthonous megablocks show an increase in total area and size toward the final crater rim. The sizes of allochthonous megablocks generally decrease with increasing radial range, but inside the megablock zone, the coverage with postimpact sediments obscures this trend. The size‐frequency distribution of all megablocks obeys a power‐law distribution with an exponent between approximately −1.7 and −2.3. We estimated a total volume of 95 km3 of Bunte Breccia and 47 km3 of megablocks. Ejecta volume calculations and a palinspastic restoration of the extension within the megablock zone indicate that the transient cavity diameter was probably 14–15 km.
Novel TRAPPC2 mutation in a boy with X‐linked spondylo‐epiphyseal dysplasia tarda
Authors: Adachi Hiroyuki , Takahashi Ikuko , Takahashi Tsutomu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractX‐linked spondylo‐epiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT) is an X‐linked recessive, late‐onset, progressive skeletal disorder characterized by mild‐to‐moderate short‐trunked short stature. X‐linked SEDT is caused by mutations in the gene TRAPPC2, which is located on chromosome Xp22. In the present study, we identified a novel splice‐site mutation, c.93+1G>A, in TRAPPC2 in a 9‐year‐old Japanese patient who had X‐linked SEDT and no family history of the disease. On reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, the mutation resulted in a 4 bp frame‐shift insertion between exon 3 and exon 4. The present case highlights the importance of genetic analysis for confirmatory diagnosis of X‐linked SEDT, especially in cases without a positive family history.
Fibroadenoma in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome with paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 11p15.5
Authors: Takama Yuichi , Kubota Akio , Nakayama Masahiro , Higashimoto Ken , Jozaki Kosuke , Soejima Hidenobu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHerein is described a case of breast fibroadenomas in a 16‐year‐old girl with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and uniparental disomy (UPD) of chromosome 11p15.5. She was clinically diagnosed with BWS and direct closure was performed for an omphalocele at birth. Subtotal and 90% pancreatectomy were performed for nesidioblastosis at the ages 2 months and 8 years, respectively. Bilateral multiple breast fibroadenomas were noted at the age of 16 and 17 years. In this case, paternal UPD of chromosome 11p15.5 was identified on microsatellite marker analysis. The relevant imprinted chromosomal region in BWS is 11p15.5, and UPD of chromosome 11p15 is a risk factor for BWS‐associated tumorigenicity. Chromosome 11p15.5 consists of imprinting domains of IGF2, the expression of which is associated with the tumorigenesis of various breast cancers. This case suggests that fibroadenomas occurred in association with BWS.