bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old Aegean palaeoevents driving the diversification of an endemic isopod species (Oniscidea, Trachelipodidae)
Authors: Kamilari Maria , Klossa‐Kilia Elena , Kilias George , Sfenthourakis Spyros 
Published: May 2014

The Greek endemic isopod species Trachelipus aegaeus is distributed in Aegean islands and the adjacent coastal parts of the Greek mainland. Major palaeogeographic events of the Aegean archipelago, such as the formation of the mid‐Aegean trench and the Messinian Salinity Crisis, have been often employed as major causal factors of evolutionary events and phylogeographic patterns exhibited by several taxa. Herein, we infer phylogenetic relationships among T. aegaeus populations using partial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA sequences. Due to the poor preservation of the specimens, we propose a modified DNA extraction protocol, which returned highly positive results in terms of the quality of the total extracted DNA. We implement a calibrated molecular clock and path sampling analysis, using alternative palaeogeographic events and rates of substitution, to evaluate the biogeographic history of the species and to estimate the chronology of diversification events among its populations. Our results are clearly in favour of the scenario of the MAT triggering vicariance among most T. aegaus populations. Moreover, the large intraspecific genetic divergence (0–19% for COI and 0–20.3% for the 16S rRNA) and the overall phylogeographic patterns depicted herein seem not to have been obscured by more recent palaeogeological events. A role of dispersal, probably human‐aided, is assumed for certain ‘deviant’ cases.
Features of Statistical Approaches at Static Durability Assessment
Authors: Резников  , Reznikov D. , Махутов  , Makhutov Nikolay , Зацаринный  , Zatsarinnyy Vladimir 
Published: May 2014

Features related to determined and probabilistic approaches to assessment of static durability of sophisticated technical
systems’ elements have been considered in this paper. These approaches allow define the strength reliability indicator
characterizing probability of system element refusal (damage) at set modes of loading and strength margins. If at
determined approach the durability assessment (margins of yield point, durability, long durability or creep) usually is given
on average values of operational effects and characteristics of mechanical properties, then in probabilistic calculation the
above settlement parameters get the probabilistic nature and are characterized by corresponding dispersion of values.
It allows calculate the set margin for established probability. Have been presented calculating formulas and element
destruction probability definition’s general scheme, based on use of distribution density curve of construction element’s
operating tension and bearing ability in the calculations. Based on stated provisions the calculated examples related to
destruction probability change and margins of strength limit have been presented for a number of technical branches.
Educational and Scientific Center of Management in Crisis Situations of Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Authors: Сущев  , Sushchev Sergey , Александров  , Aleksandrov Anatoliy , Девисилов  , Devisilov Vladimir , Копытов  , Kopytov K. 
Published: May 2014

Risks of technogenic and natural character are actual threats of safety of Russia now and in the nearest future. For effective
formation of skills related to person’s behavior in crisis situations it is a good practice to use widely information technologies
based on computer modeling, use of geographical information systems, virtual reality elements. For training and professional
development of specialists who are responsible for health and safety and civil defense, training of bachelors and masters
in the “Technosphere safety “direction 280700, carrying out scientific researches in the area of protection against threats
of technogenic and natural character, exercise of officials’ functional duties on emergency prevention and elimination, and
fire safety ensuring, operational staff on emergency elimination, an operational duty shift an educational and scientific
center of management in crisis situations (CMCS) is created at &#34;Ecology and Industrial Safety&#34; Chair”1 of Bauman Moscow
State Technical University. The center can become an important element related to assumed deployment of pilot network of
centers of control in crisis situations for ensuring complex safety on science and education objects.
Disabilities Act compliance of fitness facilities in an American metropolitan area
Authors: Stoelzle Hannah , Sames Karen M 
Published: May 2014

Background/aim: The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Title III mandates accessibility of all public facilities, including fitness facilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the ADA compliance of fitness facilities located in the St. Paul and Minneapolis metropolitan area, US. Methods: Twenty randomly selected fitness facilities were evaluated for ADA compliance using the Accessibility Instruments Measuring Fitness and Recreation Environments (AIMFREE) Professional Version ( The National Center on Physical Activity and Disability, 2010 ). The assessment evaluated physical, educational, and informational aspects within each fitness facility. Results: None of the 20 participating fitness facilities in the St. Paul and Minneapolis metropolitan area were 100% ADA compliant. The overall compliance of all 20 participating fitness facilities, as measured by the AIMFREE, was 48.4%. The highest scoring domain was water fountains (77.8%) and the lowest scoring domain was telephones (23.3%). The results of the study showed the fitness facilities in the St. Paul and Minneapolis metropolitan area were not compliant with ADA standards. Conclusion: Occupational and physical therapy practitioners have a significant role in advocating for accessibility of public facilities, such as fitness facilities. Practitioners can collaborate with fitness facility owners to provide structural and educational resources to better accommodate the needs of individuals with disabilities.
Atypical Parkinsonism: Making the case for a neuropalliative rehabilitation approach
Authors: Lindop Fiona , Brown Lisa , Graziano Mariella , Jones Diana 
Published: May 2014

Background: Although atypical Parkinsonism syndromes share some clinical features with the more common idiopathic Parkinson's disease, they also exhibit condition-specific symptoms, and have a shorter trajectory with a more consistent decline. There is an increasing awareness of the need for palliative care in non-cancer-related diagnoses, such as Parkinsonism. A neuropalliative rehabilitation approach linking neurology, rehabilitation and palliative care expertise to proactively, collaboratively manage long-term neurological conditions, particularly those with shorter durations, is advocated. However, such an approach appears difficult to achieve.Content: This article presents the main clinical features of the key atypical Parkinsonism syndromes — multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and dementia with Lewy bodies. The article also identifies the red flags that alert professionals to differentiate these conditions from idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and discusses the multidisciplinary management of atypical Parkinsonism within the context of neuropalliative rehabilitation.Conclusion: Despite the publication of best practice guidelines, research highlights a marked lack of referral of people with atypical Parkinsonism for palliative care. Earlier diagnosis and the timely employment of a neuropalliative rehabilitation approach is believed key to the successful management of the shorter and more steeply deteriorating trajectory of atypical Parkinsonism syndromes.
Existence of a positive solution for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with general nonlinearity
Authors: Sato Yohei , Shibata Masataka 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We study the following nonlinear Schrödinger equations:

-
Δ
u
+
V

(
x
)

u
=
f

(
u
)

in

ℝ
N

.

$
- \Delta u + V(x) u = f(u) \quad \text{in } {\mathbb {R}^N}.
$

The purpose of this paper is to establish the existence of a positive solution
under general conditions which are weaker than the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition.
Application of WLS strips for position determination in strip PET tomograph based on plastic scintillators
Authors: Smyrski Jerzy , Moskal Paweł , Bednarski Tomasz , Białas Piotr , Czerwiński Eryk , Kapłon łukasz , Kochanowski Andrzej , Korcyl Grzegorz , Kowal Jakub , Kowalski Paweł , Kozik Tomasz , Krzemień Wojciech , Molenda Marcin , Niedźwiecki Szymon , Pałka Marek , Pawlik-Niedzwiecka Monika , Raczyński Lech , Rudy Zbigniew , Salabura Piotr , Gupta-Sharma Neha , Silarski Michał , Słomski Artur , Strzelecki Adam , Wiślicki Wojciech , Zieliński Marcin , Zoń Natalia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A method of the determination of a γ-quantum absorption point in a plastic scintillator block using a matrix of wavelength-shifting (WLS) strips is proposed. An application of this method for the improvement of position resolution in newly proposed positron emission tomography (PET) detectors based on plastic scintillators is presented. The method enables to reduce parallax errors in the reconstruction of images, which occurs in the presently used PET scanners.
Simulations of γ quanta scattering in a single module of the J-PET detector
Authors: Szymański Konrad , Moskal Paweł , Bednarski Tomasz , Białas Piotr , Czerwiński Eryk , Giergiel Krzysztosz , Kapłon łukasz , Kochanowski Andrzej , Korcyl Grzegorz , Kowal Jakub , Kowalski Paweł , Kozik Tomasz , Krzemień Wojciech , Molenda Marcin , Moskal Ines , Niedźwiecki Szymon , Pałka Marek , Pawlik-Niedźwiecka Monika , Raczyński Lech , Rudy Zbigniew , Salabura Piotr , Sharma Neha , Silarski Michał , Słomski Artur , Smyrski Jerzy , Strzelecki Adam , Witkowski Piotr , Wiślicki Wojciech , Zieliński Marcin , Zoń Natalia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This article describes the simulations of the scattering of annihilation γ quanta in a strip of a plastic scintillator. Such strips constitute the basic detection modules in a newly proposed positron emission tomography (PET), which utilizes plastic scintillators instead of inorganic crystals. An algorithm simulating the chain of Compton scatterings was elaborated and a series of simulations have been conducted for the scintillator strip with a cross-section of 5×19 mm. The results indicate that secondary interactions occur only in the case of about 8% of the events and only 25% of these events take place in the distance larger than 0.5 cm from the primary interaction. Also, the light signals produced at the primary and secondary interactions overlap with the delay, the distribution of which is characterized by a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of about 40 ps.
Database and data structure for the novel TOF-PET detector developed for the J-PET project
Authors: Czerwiński Eryk , Zieliński Marcin , Bednarski Tomasz , Białas Piotr , Kapłon Łukasz , Kochanowski Andrzej , Korcyl Grzegorz , Kowal Jakub , Kowalski Paweł , Kozik Tomasz , Krzemień Wojciech , Kubicz Ewelina , Molenda Marcin , Moskal Paweł , Niedźwiecki Szymon , Pałka Marek , Pawlik-Niedźwiecka Monika , Raczyński Lech , Rudy Zbigniew , Salabura Piotr , Sharma Neha Gupta , Silarski Michał , Słomski Artur , Smyrski Jerzy , Strzelecki Adam , Wieczorek Anna , Wiślicki Wojciech , Zoń Natalia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The complexity of the hardware and the amount of data collected during the PET imaging process require application of modern methods of efficient data organization and processing. In this article, we will discuss the data structures and the flow of collected data from the novel TOF-PET medical scanner that is being developed at the Jagiellonian University. The developed data format reflects the registration process of the γ quanta emitted from positron electron annihilation, front-end electronic structure, and required input information for the image reconstruction. In addition, the system database fulfills possible demands of the evolving J-PET project.
Rhetoric, Social Alienation and Semioethics in Global Communication
Authors: Petrilli Susan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Global communication today is strictly connected to the dominant social reproduction system which is regulated by dominant ideology and official discourse. These are grounded in the logic of identity, therefore the logic of roles with their limited responsibilities and alibis, ultimately the logic of self-interest. Human behaviour is sign behaviour and ideological behaviour, in other words, it is never neutral, but, on the contrary, is permeated with values and regulated by social programs. Global semiotics and semioethics contribute towards a critical understanding of communication today, of semiosis, in a globalized world. Dialogism and listening are the condition for a new form of humanism based on the logic of otherness rather than on the logic of identity.
Smile and Laughter in Russian Culture and Languag
Authors: Shmelev Aiexei 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Unlike many other cultures, the Russian culture encourages loud laughter (xoxot) and more often than not discourages smiles ( ulybki). The paper presents linguistic evidence for such attitude: etymology ( ulybat'sja “smile” from the word for scull with allusion to bared teeth), the use of the words for laughter and smile in the present-day Russian discourse, the role of laughter and smile in the Russian linguistic model of the world, etc. It is consistent with the strong emphasis that the Russian culture places on sincerity and open expression of emotions. In addition, it is consistent with the whole system of the Russian non-verbal etiquette (e. g., it is not good to meet a stranger's eyes with your eyes; if it has happened by chance, you should turn off your eyes rather than smile).
This attitude often leads to cross-cultural miscommunication (a typical American smile may seem non-natural and false to many Russians while foreigners who are involved in communication with Russians sometimes find them rude, impolite, ill-mannered).
Narrating the Self in a Contemporary World: Bridging Autobiography and Testimony
Authors: Violi Patrizia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract The paper investigates new textual forms of autobiographical writing in the contemporary world, and in particular the striking growth of traumatic memories from recent and less recent conflicts. The category of testimony is suggested in order to better describe what appears to be a pervasive phenomenon; from a semiotic point of view one of the main features of testimony literature is its effect of hybridisation across the boundaries of different textual genres.
The paper investigates a transversal feature of contemporaiy testimony, i. e. the use of a multimodal language composed of both linguistic and visual material, in particular photographs, and analyses contrastively the meaning effects of such use in traditional autobiographical texts and in new hybrid forms of testimony.
The Image Iconicity in the Chinese Language
Authors: Hu Zhuanglin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The nature of arbitrariness and iconicity has been a heated topic for debate among the Chinese linguists and semioticians in the past 20 years. Due to the fact that modern Chinese linguistic scholarship has been strongly influenced by Saussure's Course in General Linguistics (2001 ) , the dominant view in China was once marked by arbitrariness. Yet, with the development of cognitive linguistics, today the scale has tilted toward iconicity. Since most of the papers in favour of arbitrariness have focused on Saussure's view of seeing sign as a dualistic relation between "signifier" and "signified", that is, "sound-image" and "concept" ,and have not objected much to the role of iconicity at the syntactic level and the textual level, this paper, to save space and time, will not deal with sequence iconicity, distance iconicity, quantity iconicity, space iconicity, temporal iconicity, markedness iconicity, etc., and will confine itself to the image iconicity, that is, sound iconicity and graph iconicity. In doing so, I will start with a brief review of concepts and views held by the Chinese philosophers and etymologists, past and present.
Cassirer in the Context of Saussurean Semiotics
Authors: Ding Ersu 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Ernst Cassirer and Ferdinand de Saussure are two of the most important semioticians of the 20th century. Both of them view language not as an instrument through which the objective world can be represented, but as a formative event which actively organizes otherwise indistinct streams of human experience. Despite their agreement on the constitutive nature of language, however, Saussure and Cassirer differ significantly on the issue of how the formation of concepts is achieved. According to the former, it is not enough to individually consider a particular combination of a sequence of sound and a concept, because to do so is to assume that one can start from the terms and construct the system by adding them together when, on the contrary, it is from the interdependent whole that one must start and through analysis obtain its elements. Thus, instead of specific words that de facto connect us with the world through their meanings, Saussure starts his explanation of concept formation with the two preexisting continua of sound and thought which, when they combine, supposedly articulate phonic units on the one side and conceptual units on the other. In this way, language somehow takes on the attributes of an autoeffective spirit which decomposes itself into various components. For Cassirer, the formation of concepts is fulfilled by a universal consciousness with the help of language and other symbolic forms. Although there are no ready-made concepts or ideas before the appearance of language, the thinking subject still encounters chaotic extralinguistic life experience which Cassirer calls " indeterminate outward material". Only, in its pursuit of the universal, consciousness does not require the entirety of information from the particular itself. Instead, it resorts to sequences of sounds in its creation of necessary complexes of meaning. The result is the birth of verbal concepts or ideas which do not belong to any specific situation but can be used to evoke those meanings that belong to a whole class of similar situations.
On Contexts, Complexity, and Continuity: Grounding Peirce’s Theory of Semiosis to Explain Intersubjective Interpretation, as Exemplified by Mozart
Authors: Hatten Robert S. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
As an extension of Peircean semiotic theory, the author examines the importance of contexts, complexity, and continuity, as demonstrated by the Classical musical style and the interpretation of expressive meaning in a movement of the Mozart Requiem. The author argues that a richer context for interpretation must include the shared competency of a musical style, which both grounds interpretation by means of an "intersubjective interpretant" and also guides listeners' understanding of the unique features or strategies of a given musical work. Complexity is implicated in the integration of such interpretive contexts, which require a more synthetic model than is inferable from Peirce's linear chain of interpretants. Finally, continuity presupposes the body conceived as an organism which is attuned to a particular environment (that which is available to its senses, and with which it engages in actions), with consequences for our understanding of musical gesture. The author enriches Peirce's notion of the continuity of signification across biological and cognitive domains, by analogy with a musical style as the environment within which a musical work is interpretable.
An Analysis of the Transitivity System in Courtroom Discourse
Authors: Guang Shi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper analyzes the transitivity system in the audio recording transcripts of eight court trials, employing relevant theory in Systemic Functional Linguistics. It is found that: ( 1 ) the following four types of process clauses appear frequently in the courtroom discourse: material, verbal, relational and mental, of which the number of material process clauses is the biggest. Behavioural and existential process clauses appear much less frequently than the above four types; (2) The frequencies of different types of process have a positive correlation with their functions in the court trials; ( 3 ) The choice of different process types and participants reflects the institutional role, stances and purposes of the speakers.
Life and Temporality: The Place of Biosemiotics within Peirce’s General Semiotics
Authors: Fernández Eliseo 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
I would like to present some new perspectives on the reciprocal foundational links which are discemable between Peirce's general semiotics on the one hand and anthroposemiotic and biosemiotic inquiry on the other. To this end I offer an examination of the peculiar place occupied by temporal relations within the relational framework of Peirce's semiotics. I support these considerations by drawing on previous work about a relational world-view presently emerging as a unifying perspective within diverse fields of inquiry (biology, quantum physics, philosophy of inquiry, and mathematics), which I have previously characterized as a "relational tum". A common, positive feature of these developments is the recognition of the relational nature of physical reality. This portends an implicit repudiation of the traditional nominalistic bias of the physical sciences and removes an important obstacle to the acceptance of semiotic ideas. However these new approaches have, up to now, failed to consider any relations other than dyadic relations or their dyadic combinations. I argue for the need to supplement the Peircean elucidation of semiosis in terms of triadic relations with other equally unique relational features, which I characterize as " radical temporality" and selfreference. A brief sketch of the different roles played by relations of temporality in organisms in general ( biosemiotics) as opposed to organisms immersed in a historically constituted culture of symbols and artifacts (anthroposemiotics) serves to disclose the relations of mutual epistemic dependence that underlie these disciplines.
Do Graphic Designers Ever Construct an Argument?
Authors: Skaggs Steven 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
When the ten classes of signs postulated by the founder of scientific semiotics, American Philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce, are applied to the world of visual communication, a question arises about the class he labels "Argument". Can a graphic designer construct, in the arrangement of his visual materials, a complete argument? This is the question pursued in this paper. After translating Peirce's classes into language familiar to the design industry, and looking at the requirements of Argument as a discrete class of signs, I suggest that designers always produce assertions, but rarely, perhaps never, do they construct a complete argument