bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomes secreted by human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate limb ischemia by promoting angiogenesis in mice
Authors: Hu Guo-wen , Li Qing , Niu Xin , Hu Bin , Liu Juan , Zhou Shu-min , Guo Shang-chun , Lang Hai-li , Zhang Chang-qing , Wang Yang , Deng Zhi-feng 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
‘Patient-specific’ induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are attractive because they can generate abundant cells without the risk of immune rejection for cell therapy. Studies have shown that iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) possess powerful proliferation, differentiation, and therapeutic effects. Recently, most studies indicate that stem cells exert their therapeutic effect mainly through a paracrine mechanism other than transdifferentiation, and exosomes have emerged as an important paracrine factor for stem cells to reprogram injured cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether exosomes derived from iMSCs (iMSCs-Exo) possess the ability to attenuate limb ischemia and promote angiogenesis after transplantation into limbs of mice with femoral artery excision.

Methods
Human iPSCs (iPS-S-01, C1P33, and PCKDSF001C1) were used to differentiate into iMSCs in a modified one-step method. iMSCs were characterized by flow cytometry and multipotent differentiation potential analysis. Ultrafiltration combined with a purification method was used to isolate iMSCs-Exo, and transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting were used to identify iMSCs-Exo. After establishment of mouse hind-limb ischemia with excision of femoral artery and iMSCs-Exo injection, blood perfusion was monitored at days 0, 7, 14, and 21; microvessel density in ischemic muscle was also analyzed. In vitro migration, proliferation, and tube formation experiments were used to analyze the ability of pro-angiogenesis in iMSCs-Exo, and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to identify expression levels of angiogenesis-related molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after being cultured with iMSCs-Exo.

Results
iPSCs were efficiently induced into iMSC- with MSC-positive and -negative surface antigens and osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis differentiation potential. iMSCs-Exo with a diameter of 57 ± 11 nm and expressed CD63, CD81, and CD9. Intramuscular injection of iMSCs-Exo markedly enhanced microvessel density and blood perfusion in mouse ischemic limbs, consistent with an attenuation of ischemic injury. In addition, iMSCs-Exo could activate angiogenesis-related molecule expression and promote HUVEC migration, proliferation, and tube formation.

Conclusion
Implanted iMSCs-Exo was able to protect limbs from ischemic injury via the promotion of angiogenesis, which indicated that iMSCs-Exo may be a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of ischemic diseases.
Challenges in understanding psychiatric disorders and developing therapeutics: a role for zebrafish
Authors: McCammon Jasmine M. , Sive Hazel 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
The treatment of psychiatric disorders presents three major challenges to the research and clinical community: defining a genotype associated with a disorder, characterizing the molecular pathology of each disorder and developing new therapies. This Review addresses how cellular and animal systems can help to meet these challenges, with an emphasis on the role of the zebrafish. Genetic changes account for a large proportion of psychiatric disorders and, as gene variants that predispose to psychiatric disease are beginning to be identified in patients, these are tractable for study in cellular and animal systems. Defining cellular and molecular criteria associated with each disorder will help to uncover causal physiological changes in patients and will lead to more objective diagnostic criteria. These criteria should also define co-morbid pathologies within the nervous system or in other organ systems. The definition of genotypes and of any associated pathophysiology is integral to the development of new therapies. Cell culture-based approaches can address these challenges by identifying cellular pathology and by high-throughput screening of gene variants and potential therapeutics. Whole-animal systems can define the broadest function of disorder-associated gene variants and the organismal impact of candidate medications. Given its evolutionary conservation with humans and its experimental tractability, the zebrafish offers several advantages to psychiatric disorder research. These include assays ranging from molecular to behavioural, and capability for chemical screening. There is optimism that the multiple approaches discussed here will link together effectively to provide new diagnostics and treatments for psychiatric patients.
ADrosophilamodel to investigate the neurotoxic side effects of radiation exposure
Authors: Sudmeier Lisa J. , Howard Steven P. , Ganetzky Barry 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTChildren undergoing cranial radiation therapy (CRT) for pediatric central nervous system malignancies are at increased risk for neurological deficits later in life. We have developed a model of neurotoxic damage in adult Drosophila following irradiation during the juvenile stages with the goal of elucidating underlying neuropathological mechanisms and of ultimately identifying potential therapeutic targets. Wild-type third-instar larvae were irradiated with single doses of γ-radiation, and the percentage that survived to adulthood was determined. Motor function of surviving adults was examined with a climbing assay, and longevity was assessed by measuring lifespan. Neuronal cell death was assayed by using immunohistochemistry in adult brains. We also tested the sensitivity at different developmental stages by irradiating larvae at various time points. Irradiating late third-instar larvae at a dose of 20 Gy or higher impaired the motor activity of surviving adults. A dose of 40 Gy or higher resulted in a precipitous reduction in the percentage of larvae that survive to adulthood. A dose-dependent decrease in adult longevity was paralleled by a dose-dependent increase in activated Death caspase-1 (Dcp1) in adult brains. Survival to adulthood and adult lifespan were more severely impaired with decreasing larval age at the time of irradiation. Our initial survey of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel demonstrated that differences in genotype can confer phenotypic differences in radio-sensitivity for developmental survival and motor function. This work demonstrates the usefulness of Drosophila to model the toxic effects of radiation during development, and has the potential to unravel underlying mechanisms and to facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions.
Effects of High Magnetic Fields on Thermal Convection Using Feeble Magnetic Conductive Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Wang Yan , Hirota Noriyuki , Okada Hidehiko , Sakka Yoshio 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Effects of magnetic fields on thermal convection in conductive aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures have been studied through heat transport measurements. The suppression of thermal convection by a magnetic field in conductive paramagnetic aqueous solutions of copper nitrate was observed and confirmed as an effect of the Lorentz force by comparing with diamagnetic aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate. The effect of the Lorentz force and magnetic force on the thermal convection in conductive fluids was separately evaluated by changing the magnetic field environment. The results obtained show that the behavior of liquid metals under magnetic field can be investigated by using electrolyte aqueous solutions combined with a superconducting magnet.
Stepwise Synthesis of Structurally Well-defined Porphyrin Wires Connected by Platinum Acetylides
Authors: Rana Shahed , Yamashita Ken-ichi , Akita Yasuhiro , Sugiura Ken-ichi 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A series of structurally well-defined molecular wires were designed and synthesized. The wires consisted of metalloporphyrins connected by platinum acetylides. Stepwise synthesis afforded stable wires under ambient conditions, and the wires showed good solubility. The longest wire, 16-oligomer, measured 400 Å.
Reductive Transformation of CO2 with Hydrosilanes Catalyzed by Simple Fluoride and Carbonate Salts
Authors: Motokura Ken , Naijo Masaki , Yamaguchi Sho , Miyaji Akimitsu , Baba Toshihide 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Hydrosilylation of CO2 catalyzed by simple fluoride and carbonate salts, such as CsF and K2CO3, is described. Total yields up to 87% for the formylated product were achieved. Mechanistic investigations indicate the reaction proceeds via the formation of an active formate species. This catalytic system was also found to be applicable to formamide synthesis from amines, CO2, and hydrosilane.
COCRIAÇÃO DE VALOR COM ALUNOS: UMA ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA SOCIAL E DO ENGAJAMENTO NA DISCIPLINA COMO ANTECEDENTES DE FEEDBACK DO ESTUDANTE
Authors: Grillo Tito Luciano Hermes , Nascimento Thays Martins do , Damacena Cláudio , Brasil Vinícius Sittoni 
Published: June 2015

<p>É natural que educadores de disciplinas vinculadas à área de gestão analisem e reflitam sobre os fenômenos da sala de aula baseada em perspectivas que permeiam essa área de conhecimento. Observa-se que educadores e pesquisadores interessados na temática de serviços têm interpretado a sala de aula como um ambiente de encontro de serviço altamente propício à cocriação de valor. O presente estudo procede com tal interpretação, buscando analisar antecedentes do comportamento proativo de fornecimento de feedback do aluno ao professor,<br />a fim de promover a melhoria da experiência nos encontros de aula no ensino superior. O estudo avalia, como antecedente direto de feedback, o engajamento na disciplina. Como antecedentes diretos de engajamento, são avaliados constructos oriundos da Teoria da Influência Social. Os resultados, analisados com técnicas de equações estruturais, apresentam relações positivas e com significância entre os constructos, mostrando que, no contexto de sala de aula, processos sociais afetam o relacionamento do estudante com a disciplina e que esse relacionamento propicia o comportamento de colaboração para a melhoria das aulas.<br /><br /></p>
Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: Comparison of a Program with Infectious Diseases Pharmacist Support to a Program with a Geographic Pharmacist Staffing Model
Authors: Bessesen Mary T. , Ma Andrew , Clegg Daniel , Fugit Randolph V. , Pepe Anthony , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Graber Christopher J. 
Published: June 2015

Background Stewardship of antimicrobial agents is an essential function of hospital pharmacies. The ideal pharmacist staffing model for antimicrobial stewardship programs is not known. Objective To inform staffing decisions for antimicrobial stewardship teams, we aimed to compare an antimicrobial stewardship program with a dedicated Infectious Diseases (ID) pharmacist (Dedicated ID Pharmacist Hospital) to a program relying on ward pharmacists for stewardship activities (Geographic Model Hospital). Methods We reviewed a randomly selected sample of 290 cases of inpatient parenteral antibiotic use. The electronic medical record was reviewed for compliance with indicators of appropriate antimicrobial stewardship. Results At the hospital staffed by a dedicated ID pharmacist, 96.8% of patients received initial antimicrobial therapy that adhered to local treatment guidelines compared to 87% of patients at the hospital that assigned antimicrobial stewardship duties to ward pharmacists ( P < .002). Therapy was modified within 24 hours of availability of laboratory data in 86.7% of cases at the Dedicated ID Pharmacist Hospital versus 72.6% of cases at the Geographic Model Hospital ( P < .03). When a patient's illness was determined not to be caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics were discontinued in 78.0% of cases at the Dedicated ID Pharmacist Hospital and in 33.3% of cases at the Geographic Model Hospital ( P < .0002). Conclusion An antimicrobial stewardship program with a dedicated ID pharmacist was associated with greater adherence to recommended antimicrobial therapy practices when compared to a stewardship program that relied on ward pharmacists.
Impact of a Cost Visibility Tool in the Electronic Medical Record on Antibiotic Prescribing in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Fargo Kelly L. , Johnston Jessica , Stevenson Kurt B. , Deutscher Meredith , Reed Erica E. 
Published: June 2015

Background Studies evaluating the impact of passive cost visibility tools on antibiotic prescribing are lacking. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the implementation of a passive antibiotic cost visibility tool would impact antibiotic prescribing and decrease antibiotic spending. Methods An efficiency and effectiveness initiative (EEI) was implemented in October 2012. To support the EEI, an antibiotic cost visibility tool was created in June 2013 displaying the relative cost of antibiotics. Using an observational study of interrupted time series design, 3 time frames were studied: pre EEI, post EEI, and post cost visibility tool implementation. The primary outcome was antibiotic cost per 1,000 patient days. Secondary outcomes included case mix index (CMI)-adjusted antibiotic cost per 1,000 patient days and utilization of the cost visibility tool. Results Initiation of the EEI was associated with a $4,675 decrease in antibiotic cost per 1,000 patient days ( P = .003), and costs continued to decrease in the months following EEI ( P = .009). After implementation of the cost visibility tool, costs remained stable ( P = .844). Despite CMI increasing over time, adjustment for CMI had no impact on the directionality or statistical significance of the results. Conclusion Our study demonstrated a significant and sustained decrease in antibiotic cost per 1,000 patient days when focused medication cost reduction efforts were implemented, but passive cost visibility tool implementation was not associated with additional cost reduction. Antibiotic cost visibility tools may be of most benefit when prior medication cost reduction efforts are lacking or when an active intervention is incorporated.
Clinical and Financial Impact of Pharmacist Involvement in Discharge Medication Reconciliation at an Academic Medical Center: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Sebaaly Jamie , Parsons Laura Beth , Pilch Nicole A. (Weimert) , Bullington Wendy , Hayes Genevieve L. , Piasterling Heather 
Published: June 2015

Background Medication reconciliation is one of the more challenging aspects of inpatient care, and its accuracy is paramount to safe transitions of care. Studies have shown that pharmacists have a role in medication reconciliation through improving patient safety and avoiding costs associated with medication errors. The wide-scale use of pharmacists in this process has been limited by time constraints, cost, and lack of resources. Objective This study evaluates the impact of pharmacists in resolving medication errors, decreasing readmission rates, and reducing institutional costs during the discharge medication reconciliation process. Methods Pharmacists evaluated discharge medication reconciliation documentation for patients to determine its accuracy, the accuracy of the admission reconciliation documentation, and any potential issues unrelated to accuracy. Analysis of these data determined the time required for pharmacist involvement, the number of errors identified by pharmacists, the quality of pharmacist interventions, the cost avoidance for each error, and the overall impact on hospital readmission. Results During the 7-week study period, pharmacists performed 67 discharge medication reviews and identified 84 errors. Seventy-five percent were considered to be significant and 6% were considered to be serious. The 30-day readmission rate in the study cohort was 18% compared with 20% in the control group. Based on the clinical severity scale and pharmacist salaries, pharmacist interventions resulted in $42,300 in cost avoidance. Conclusion Pharmacists involved in this pilot discharge process identified and resolved significant errors on medication reconciliation orders that resulted in a financial benefit to the institution.
Comparison of Inpatient Glycemic Control with Insulin Vials versus Insulin Pens in General Medicine Patients
Authors: Home Juliann , Bond Kucha , Sarangarm Preeyaporn 
Published: June 2015

Background The Institute for Safe Medication Practices has recommended against routine use of insulin pen devices for inpatients, but the quality of inpatient glycemic control that is achieved with insulin pens versus insulin vials and syringes has not been compared. Objective To evaluate the quality of glycemic control achieved with insulin vials versus insulin pens in type 2 diabetic general medicine patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study compared glycemic control between 2 groups of patients on rapid-acting insulin protocols: those receiving insulin via patient-specific pen devices and those receiving insulin from patient-specific vials. Patients on a prespecified subacute care floor with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and at least 24 hours of glucose monitoring while on an insulin protocol with insulin lispro were included. Glycemic control was compared by area under the curve (AUC) estimations of average overall glucose and average glucose above, below, and within goal range (70–180 mg/dL). Percentages of time above, below, and within goal range were also compared. Results The mean ± SD AUC-estimated average glucose for pens was 160 ± 39 mg/dL compared to 158 ± 45 mg/dL for vials ( P = .752). The mean ± SD percentage time within goal range was 68.2% ± 28.1% in the pen group versus 69.4% ± 31.8% percent in the vial group ( P = .825). No statistically significant differences were detected between those receiving pens or vials for any outcome before and after adjusting for baseline differences and significant covariates. Conclusion Glycemic control did not differ based on insulin delivery system.
Stability of Glutamate-Aspartate Cardioplegia Additive Solution in Polyolefin IV Bags
Authors: Rush Steven D. , Kim Stephanie E. , Hughes Susan E. , Gilbert Justine M. , Ciancaglini Peter P. , Zhao Fang 
Published: June 2015

Objective Glutamate-aspartate cardioplegia additive solution (GACAS) is used to enhance myocardial preservation and left ventricular function during some cardiac surgeries. This study was designed to evaluate the stability of compounded GACAS stored in sterile polyolefin intravenous (IV) bags. The goal is to extend the default USP beyond-use date (BUD) and reduce unnecessary inventory waste. Methods GACAS was compounded and packaged in sterile polyolefin 250 mL IV bags. The concentration was 232 mM for each amino acid. The samples were stored under refrigeration (2°C-8°C) and analyzed at 0, 1, and 2 months. At each time point, the samples were evaluated by pH measurement and visual inspection for color, clarity, and particulates. The samples were also analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for potency and degradation products. Due to the lack of ultraviolet (UV) chromophores of glutamate and aspartate, the samples were derivatized by ortho-phthalaldehyde prior to HPLC analysis. Results The time zero samples of GACAS passed the physical, chemical, and microbiological tests. Over 2 months of storage, there was no significant change in pH or visual appearance for any of the stability samples. The HPLC results also indicated that the samples retained 101% to 103% of the label claim strengths for both amino acids. Conclusion The physical and chemical stability of extemporaneously prepared GACAS has been confirmed for up to 2 months in polyolefin IV bags stored under refrigeration. With proper sterile compounding practice and microbiology testing, the BUD of this product can be extended to 2 months.
Comparative study of Time Optimal Controller with PID Controller for a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Sharma Ayush , Fikar Miroslav , Bakošová Monika 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) is the productive part in different chemical and process industries, and hence there is a need to control this process at desired optimum conditions of temperature and concentration. This paper deals with modelling and constrained control of a CSTR that minimises the processing time. Modelling consisted in performing the mass and heat balances of the CSTR system. Different controllers (time optimal, PID) were then applied to this non-linear system and compared within the boundaries of the control input and states. A theoretical case study was solved numerically using the orthogonal collocations method and simulations, resulting in a comparison of different controllers.
Screening of carotenoid-producing Rhodotorula strains isolated from natural sources
Authors: Tkáčová Jana , Furdíková Katarína , Klempová Tatiana , Ďurčanská Katarína , Čertík Milan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Carotenoids represent large group of various natural pigments ensuring typical coloration of plants, microorganisms and several animals. It was confirmed by many studies, that consuming these biological active compounds has positive impact for human life. Therefore, they are applied in different industrial fields, such as pharmacy, cosmetic, food, and feed industry. Due to high demand for carotenoids we would like to discover new microorganisms overproducing carotenoids. We focused on yeasts of genus Rhodotorula sp. (forty isolates), that we screened according to growth and carotenoid production on Petri dishes and production media. After cultivation on Petri dishes we selected five strains (denoted as KF-4, KF-6, KF-24, KF-31, KF-104) with interesting pigment production and quick growth. The secondary screening on production media identified KF-104 as the best producer of carotenoid pigments with massive pigment accumulation (1.15 mg/g DCW) and yield (9.69 mg/L). The main carotenoid of KF-104 isolate was β-carotene (35.4 %) with the accumulation of 408.7 μg/g DCW and the yield of 3.4 mg/L. The rest were torularhodin, torulene and γ-carotene (62.7–79.0 %). Production of torularhodin in the cells was low (0.4 to 1.4 mg/L) as was its accumulation in cells (31.2–121.0 μg/g DCW). We continue the experimental analyses of these isolates in order understand differences in the content of individual pigments.
The Availability Of Automatic Identification System (AIS) Based On Latency Position Reports In The Gulf Of Gdansk
Authors: Jaskólski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe problem of determining geographic position considered only in terms of measurement error, seems to be solved on a global scale. In view of the above, from the nineties, the operational characteristics of radio-navigation systems are equally important. The integrated navigation system operate in a multi-sensor environment and it is important to determinate a temporal validity of data to make it usable in data fusion process. In the age of digital data processing, the requirements for continuity, availability, reliability and integrity information are already grown. This article analyses the problem of time stamp discrepancies of dynamic position reports. For this purpose, the statistical summary of Latency Position Reports has been presented. The navigation data recordings were conducted during 30 days of March 2014 from 19 vessels located in area of Gulf of Gdansk. On the base of Latency Position Reports it is possible to designate the availability of AIS system.