bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Decade of Porous Silicon as Nano‐Explosive Material
Authors: Plessis Monuko du 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIt is a decade since the accidental discovery of the room temperature explosive properties of porous silicon, impregnated with a solid state oxidizer, was communicated in 2002 [1]. A significant amount of research and development have followed this announcement, leading to an innovative explosive technology that may be on the verge of being applied in a number of applications. It is thus now an opportune time to reflect on the progress of this new technology over the last decade. Just in the last two years, there has been a significant increase in the number of research papers reporting on new developments and exciting new applications. In this paper the technological development of porous silicon explosive devices is reviewed, a decade of technological research and development documented, and the current state of the technology evaluated. The most important aspects of the technology are presented, device performance characteristics are investigated and different applications are considered. Typical device design and manufacturing techniques are highlighted that actually resulted in reliable explosive behavior. The information in this paper should serve as a source of reference not only for researchers already active in this field, but also to new researchers starting or contemplating to exploit this technology.
Pressure Desensitization Influential Factors and Mechanism of Magnesium Hydride Sensitized Emulsion Explosives
Authors: Cheng Yang Fan , Ma Hong Hao , Liu Rong , Shen Zhao Wu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMagnesium hydride sensitized emulsion explosives can effectively reduce “pressure desensitization” problems that traditional emulsion explosives encounter in utilization. Shockwave desensitization experiments and underwater explosion experiments show that, compared with traditional glass microspheres (GM) sensitized emulsion explosives, magnesium hydride sensitized emulsion explosives are better at resisting pressure desensitization. The microstructures of GM and magnesium hydride sensitized emulsion explosives before and after compression are studied with scanning electron microscopy, and the pressure desensitization resisting mechanism of magnesium hydride sensitized emulsion explosives is discussed. This work shows that reduction of “hotspots” is the key factor of pressure desensitization of emulsion explosives through comparative research.
Detection and dynamics of different carbendazim‐resistance conferring β‐tubulin variants of Gibberella zeae collected from infected wheat heads and rice stubble in China
Authors: Liu Ye , Chen Xiang , Jiang Jinhua , Hamada Mohamed Sobhy , Yin Yanni , Ma Zhonghua 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarbendazim has been used in the control of Fusarium head blight (FHB) for more than 30 years in China. Thus, carbendazim‐resistant (CarR) populations of Gibberella zeae have developed in some areas. In this study, 9341 G. zeae isolates were collected from the ten main wheat‐producing regions of China in the period from 2008 to 2012, and sensitivity to carbendazim was detected.RESULTSA high frequency of CarR isolates was observed in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. CarR isolates were recovered from Anhui and Henan provinces in 2009 and 2012, respectively, but were not detected in the other six regions. Available (F167Y, E198Q and F200Y) and newly developed (E198L and E198K) allele‐specific PCR assays were used to genotype field CarR isolates. The β‐tubulin variants harbouring point mutation F167Y or E198Q accounted for >95% in CarR populations. Quantitative allele‐specific real‐time PCR assays were developed to determine the frequencies of five different β‐tubulin variants present in populations of perithecia sampled from rice stubble.CONCLUSIONCarR populations of G. zeae develop rapidly under the selection pressure of carbendazim. Real‐time PCR assays detecting the resistance frequencies in populations of perithecia would provide useful information for FHB control and management of resistance. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Secure anonymous authentication scheme without verification table for mobile satellite communication systems
Authors: Tsai Jia‐Lun , Lo Nai‐Wei , Wu Tzong‐Chen 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYAn authentication scheme is one of the most basic and important security mechanisms for satellite communication systems because it prevents illegal access by an adversary. Lee et al. recently proposed an efficient authentication scheme for mobile satellite communication systems. However, we observed that this authentication scheme is vulnerable to a denial of service (DoS) attack and does not offer perfect forward secrecy. Therefore, we propose a novel secure authentication scheme without verification table for mobile satellite communication systems. The proposed scheme can simultaneously withstand DoS attacks and support user anonymity and user unlinkability. In addition, the proposed scheme is based on the elliptic curve cryptosystem, has low client‐side and server‐side computation costs, and achieves perfect forward secrecy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paper No P3: Floating Display With Interactive Virtual Touch Module
Authors: Liou Jian‐Chiun , Hsu Chieh‐Chung 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPrinciples of object to real image by the optical lens design, so that the floating image outside the system at 5 cm. The viewer in front of the optical system 50 cm can see the floating image in the air. The viewing angle at least 15°. With infrared virtual panel detection technology, viewers can use your finger to a noncontact touch, to control the floating image menu. Virtual touch module will become the new generation man–machine interface or interaction device. This virtual touch keypad is idea for public health such devices as ATM, hospital kios, etc.
Paper No P26: Optically and Thermally Controllable Light Scattering Based on Double‐Side Poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) Films‐Coated Dye‐Doped Liquid Crystal Cell
Authors: Cheng Ko‐Ting , Chen Yuan‐Di , Fuh Andy Ying‐Guey 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe mechanism of optically controllable scattering is the light‐induced dissolution of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) into dye‐doped liquid crystals, which reforms the disordered liquid crystal (LC) distribution into multiple and micron‐sized LC domains. The generated scattering can be switched back to the original one by particular thermally induced phase separation.
A response selection model for intrusion response systems: Response Strategy Model (RSM)
Authors: Anuar Nor Badrul , Papadaki Maria , Furnell Steven , Clarke Nathan 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIntrusion response systems aim to provide a systematic procedure to respond to incidents. However, with different type of response options, an automatic response system is designed to select appropriate response options automatically in order to act fast to respond to only true and critical incidents as well as minimise their impact. In addition, incidents also can be prioritised into different level of priority where some incidents may cause a serious impact (i.e. high priority) and other may not (i.e. low priority). The existing strategies inherit some limitation such as using complex approaches and less efficient in mapping appropriate response based upon incidents' priority. Therefore, this study introduces a model called response strategy model to address the aforementioned limitation. In order to validate, it was evaluated using two datasets: DARPA 2000 and private dataset. The case study results have shown a significant relationship between the incident classification and incident priorities where false incidents are likely to be categorised as low priority and true incidents are likely to be categorised as the high priority. In particular, with response strategy model, an average of 92.68% of the false incidents was prioritised as the lowest priority is better compared with only 67.07% with Snort priority. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long-Term Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment on Sexuality in Female Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Petersen Marian , Kristensen Ellids , Berg Søren , Midgren Bengt 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Results from a previous study showed that sexuality was negatively affected in females with untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Data are sparse on the long-term effects of nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on sexual difficulties and sexual distress in female patients with OSA.

Aim
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects after 1 year of CPAP treatment on sexual difficulties, sexual distress, and manifest sexual dysfunction in female patients with OSA. The effect of CPAP on life satisfaction was also investigated.

Methods
Fifty-four therapy-compliant, female patients (age 22–71) received a survey before and after 1 year of nocturnal CPAP treatment. The questions on this survey were drawn from three self-administered questionnaires: two on sexuality and one on life satisfaction. The results were compared with a population sample. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used for assessment of daytime sleepiness.

Main Outcome Measures
The Female Sexual Function Index, Female Sexual Distress Scale, Manifest Female Sexual Dysfunction, four questions from Life Satisfaction 11, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were all used to measure outcome.

Results
In total, 44 patients responded to the survey (81% response rate). The results were a significant, positive change in manifest female sexual dysfunction, but no significant changes in isolated sexual difficulties or sexual distress. Daytime sleepiness significantly decreased after 1 year. The results from the Life Satisfaction 11 questionnaire remained unchanged after 1 year.

Conclusions
After 1 year of CPAP treatment, female patients with OSA reported reduced manifest sexual dysfunction. However, it cannot be concluded if this result is due to CPAP treatment alone. Furthermore, reduced daytime tiredness was found in the surveyed population. CPAP treatment, per se, does not seem to affect partner relationships.
Exonuclease 1 is a Critical Mediator of Survival During DNA Double Strand Break Repair in Nonquiescent Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
Authors: Desai Amar , Qing Yulan , Gerson Stanton L. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) populations require DNA repair pathways to maintain their long-term survival and reconstitution capabilities, but mediators of these processes are still being elucidated. Exonuclease 1 (Exo1) participates in homologous recombination (HR) and Exo1 loss results in impaired 5′ HR end resection. We use cultured Exo1mut fibroblasts and bone marrow to demonstrate that loss of Exo1 function results in defective HR in cycling cells. Conversely, in Exo1mut mice HR is not required for maintenance of quiescent HSCs at steady state, confirming the steady state HSC reliance on nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Exo1mut mice sustained serial repopulation, displayed no defect in competitive repopulation or niche occupancy, and exhibited no increased sensitivity to whole body ionizing radiation. However, when Exo1mut HSCs were pushed into cell cycle in vivo with 5-fluorouracil or poly IC, the hematopoietic population became hypersensitive to IR, resulting in HSC defects and animal death. We propose Exo1-mediated HR is dispensable for stem cell function in quiescent HSC, whereas it is essential to HSC response to DNA damage processing after cell cycle entry, and its loss is not compensated by intact NHEJ. In HSCs, the maintenance of stem cell function after DNA damage is dependent on the DNA repair capacity, segregated by active versus quiescent points in cell cycle. Stem Cells 2014;32:582–593
Angiogenic factors vs Doppler surveillance in the prediction of adverse outcome among late‐pregnancy small‐for‐ gestational‐age fetuses
Authors: Lobmaier S. M. , Figueras F. , Mercade I. , Perello M. , Peguero A. , Crovetto F. , Ortiz J. U. , Crispi F. , Gratacós E. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo compare the value of Doppler surveillance with maternal blood angiogenic factors at diagnosis for the prediction of adverse outcome in late‐pregnancy small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses.MethodsIn a cohort of 198 SGA fetuses we evaluated the association of Doppler indices (mean uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR)) and angiogenic factors (maternal serum levels of soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) and placental growth factor (PlGF)) with the development of pre‐eclampsia and adverse perinatal outcome (operative delivery for non‐reassuring fetal status or neonatal metabolic acidosis).ResultsIn SGA fetuses subsequently developing pre‐eclampsia, mean UtA‐PI (P < 0.001), sFlt‐1 MoM (P < 0.001) and sFlt‐1/PlGF MoM ratio (P < 0.001) were higher, while PlGF MoM was lower (P = 0.004). In SGA fetuses with adverse perinatal outcome, CPR (P < 0.002) and PlGF MoM (P < 0.001) were lower, and sFlt‐1/PlGF MoM ratio was higher (P = 0.001). For predicting pre‐eclampsia, the areas under the receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves for mean UtA‐PI, sFlt‐1 MoM and the combination of both were 0.852, 0.839 and 0.860, respectively. For adverse perinatal outcome, the areas under the ROC curves for CPR, PlGF MoM and the combination of both were 0.652, 0.656 and 0.684, respectively. The combination of Doppler indices and angiogenic factors did not significantly improve prediction of either pre‐eclampsia (P = 0.851) or adverse outcome (P = 0.579).ConclusionsIn SGA fetuses, angiogenic factors at diagnosis and follow‐up with Doppler ultrasound both predict adverse outcome with a similar performance. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Using systems biology approaches to understand cardiac inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling in the setting of myocardial infarction
Authors: Ghasemi Omid , Ma Yonggang , Lindsey Merry L. , Jin Yu‐Fang 
Published: November 2013

Inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling are important components regulating the response of the left ventricle to myocardial infarction (MI). Significant cellular‐ and molecular‐level contributors can be identified by analyzing data acquired through high‐throughput genomic and proteomic technologies that provide expression levels for thousands of genes and proteins. Large‐scale data provide both temporal and spatial information that need to be analyzed and interpreted using systems biology approaches in order to integrate this information into dynamic models that predict and explain mechanisms of cardiac healing post‐MI. In this review, we summarize the systems biology approaches needed to computationally simulate post‐MI remodeling, including data acquisition, data analysis for biomarker classification and identification, data integration to build dynamic models, and data interpretation for biological functions. An example for applying a systems biology approach to ECM remodeling is presented as a reference illustration. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2014, 6:77–91. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1248This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Proteomics Methods
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
The structure of dynamic GPCR signaling networks
Authors: O'Neill Patrick R. , Giri Lopamudra , Karunarathne W. K. Ajith , Patel Anilkumar K. , Venkatesh K. V. , Gautam N. 
Published: November 2013

G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) stimulate signaling networks that control a variety of critical physiological processes. Static information on the map of interacting signaling molecules at the basis of many cellular processes exists, but little is known about the dynamic operation of these networks. Here we focus on two questions. First, Is the network architecture underlying GPCR‐activated cellular processes unique in comparison with others such as transcriptional networks? We discuss how spatially localized GPCR signaling requires uniquely organized networks to execute polarized cell responses. Second, What approaches overcome challenges in deciphering spatiotemporally dynamic networks that govern cell behavior? We focus on recently developed microfluidic and optical approaches that allow GPCR signaling pathways to be triggered and perturbed with spatially and temporally variant input while simultaneously visualizing molecular and cellular responses. When integrated with mathematical modeling, these approaches can help identify design principles that govern cell responses to extracellular signals. We outline why optical approaches that allow the behavior of a selected cell to be orchestrated continually are particularly well suited for probing network organization in single cells. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2014, 6:115–123. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1249This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Axes of differentiation in breast cancer: untangling stemness, lineage identity, and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Granit Roy Z. , Slyper Michal , Ben‐Porath Ittai 
Published: November 2013

Differentiation‐associated regulatory programs are central in determining tumor phenotype, and contribute to heterogeneity between tumors and between individual cells within them. The transcriptional programs that control luminal and basal lineage identity in the normal mammary epithelium, as well as progenitor and stem cell function, are active in breast cancers, and show distinct associations with different disease subtypes. Also active in some tumors is the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, which endows carcinoma cells with mesenchymal as well as stem cell traits. The differentiation state of breast cancer cells is thus dictated by the complex combination of regulatory programs, and these can dramatically affect tumor growth and metastatic capacity. Breast cancer differentiation is often viewed along an axis between a basal–mesenchymal–stem cell state and a luminal–epithelial–differentiated state. Here we consider the links, as well as the distinctions, between the three components of this axis: basal versus luminal, mesenchymal versus epithelial, and stem cell versus differentiated identity. Analysis on a multidimensional scale, in which each of these axes is assessed separately, may offer increased resolution of tumor differentiation state. Cancer cells possessing a high degree of stemness would display increased capacity to shift between positions on such a multidimensional scale, and to acquire intermediate phenotypes on its different axes. Further molecular analysis of breast cancer cells with a focus on single‐cell profiling, and the development of improved tools for dissection of the circuits controlling gene activity, are essential for the elucidation of the programs dictating breast cancer differentiation state. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2014, 6:93–106. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1252This article is categorized under:

Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease
Developmental Biology > Lineages
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Developmental Biology > Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration
Computed Tomography for Suspected Scaphoid Fractures: Comparison of Reformations in the Plane of the Wrist Versus the Long Axis of the Scaphoid
Authors: Mallee Wouter H. , Doornberg Job N. , Ring David , Maas Mario , Muhl Maaike , Dijk C. Niek van , Goslings J. Carel 
Published: November 2013

Background Definitive diagnosis of occult scaphoid fractures remains difficult. We tested the null hypothesis that, for diagnosis of true fractures among suspected scaphoid fractures, computed tomography (CT) reformations along the long axis of the scaphoid have the same accuracy as reformations made relative to the anatomical planes of the wrist. Methods In a prospective trial, 34 patients with a suspected scaphoid fracture underwent CT scanning within 10 days after trauma. CT reformations along the long axis of the scaphoid (CT-scaphoid) and along planes relative to the wrist (CT-wrist) were made. We used radiographs obtained 6 weeks after injury as the reference standard for a true fracture. A blinded panel including two surgeons and one radiologist came to a consensus diagnosis for each reformation plane. Results The reference standard showed six fractures of the scaphoid (prevalence, 18 %). Using CT-wrist, a scaphoid fracture was diagnosed in five patients (15 %), with three false positive, four false negative and two true positive diagnoses. Using CT-scaphoid, a scaphoid fracture was diagnosed in five patients (15 %), with one false positive, two false negative and four true positive results. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 33, 89 and 79 % for CT-wrist and 67, 96 and 91 % for CT-scaphoid, respectively. This resulted in positive predictive values of 36 % for CT-wrist and 76 % for CT-scaphoid. Negative predictive values were 87 % for CT-wrist and 94 % for CT-scaphoid. No significant differences were found with the number of patients available. Conclusions For diagnosis of true fractures among suspected scaphoid fractures, the diagnostic performance characteristics of CT scans reformatted along the long axis of the scaphoid were better than CT scans in the planes of the wrist, but the differences were not significant.
Orthopaedic manifestations of chondroectodermal dysplasia: The Ellis–van Creveld syndrome
Authors: Weiner Dennis S. , Jonah David , Leighley Bonnie , Dicintio Martin S. , Holmes Morton D. , Kopits Steven 
Published: November 2013

Background Ellis–van Creveld is a dwarfing syndrome transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. The constant features of the condition include acromelic–micromelic dwarfism, ectodermal dysplasia involving the nails, teeth and gums, postaxial polydactyly of the hands and congenital heart disease. Congenital heart disease affects 50–60 % of all patients and nearly 50 % of patients die by 18 months of age from cardiopulmonary complications. This study is intended to characterise the orthopaedic manifestations of Ellis–van Creveld based on the authors’ unique opportunity to interview and examine the largest group of patients to date in the literature. Methods Detailed interviews, physical examinations and/or radiographs were available on 71 cases of Ellis–van Creveld syndrome. Data were collected from physical examinations, radiographs, computed tomography (CT) reconstruction and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee. Pathoanatomy of the knee was reinforced by the direct surgical observation of 25 limbs surgically managed during adolescence and puberty. Results A number of interesting clinical and radiographic abnormalities were noted in the upper extremities and lower extremities, but by far the most significant orthopaedic finding was a severe and relentlessly progressive valgus deformity of the knee. Although many patients had difficulties making a “fist” with the hand, no patient reported any functional disability. The severe valgus deformity of the knee is the result of a combination of profound contractures of the iliotibial band, lateral quadriceps, lateral hamstrings and lateral collateral ligament, leading to lateral patellar subluxation and dislocation. The lateral portion of the upper tibial plateau presents with cupping and progressive depression of the lateral plateau, along with severe valgus angulation of the proximal tibia and fibula. A proximal medial tibial exostosis is seen in nearly all cases. Conclusion This is the largest group of Ellis–van Creveld syndrome patients identified in the literature. An understanding of the orthopaedic pathoanatomy of the knee deformity is critical to determining the appropriate surgical management. This paper characterises the orthopaedic manifestations of Ellis–van Creveld syndrome and especially identifies the pathoanatomy of the severe and progressive valgus knee deformity. Level of evidence Level II.