bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐pressure effects on the intersubband optical absorption coefficient and relative refractive index change in an asymmetric double ‐doped GaAs quantum well
Authors: Rodríguez‐Magdaleno K. A. , Martínez‐Orozco J. C. , Rodríguez‐Vargas I. , Mora‐Ramos M. E. , Duque C. A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn the framework of the effective mass approximation and using a Thomas–Fermi‐like model for the conduction band potential energy profile, the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the linear and nonlinear intersubband optical response of an asymmetric double ‐doped quantum well are studied. In particular, the intersubband coefficients of light absorption and the relative refractive index change in the system were calculated. It is found that the pressure causes a redshift of the signal response as well as a reduction in the coefficients's amplitudes. We have also found that the asymmetry of the potential profile clearly affects the relative refractive index change because, as long as the system becomes more asymmetric, this physical property becomes diminished.
Patterning, specification, and differentiation in the developing hypothalamus
Authors: Bedont Joseph L. , Newman Elizabeth A. , Blackshaw Seth 
Published: March 2015

Owing to its complex structure and highly diverse cell populations, the study of hypothalamic development has historically lagged behind that of other brain regions. However, in recent years, a greatly expanded understanding of hypothalamic gene expression during development has opened up new avenues of investigation. In this review, we synthesize existing work to present a holistic picture of hypothalamic development from early induction and patterning through nuclear specification and differentiation, with a particular emphasis on determination of cell fate. We will also touch on special topics in the field including the prosomere model, adult neurogenesis, and integration of migratory cells originating outside the hypothalamic neuroepithelium, and how these topics relate to our broader theme. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:445–468. doi: 10.1002/wdev.187This article is categorized under:

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles
One‐Pot Lipase Entrapment Within Silica Particles to Prepare a Stable and Reusable Biocatalyst for Transesterification
Authors: Katiyar Madhu , Ali Amjad 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn order to enhance the reusability, Rhizomucor miehei lipase was entrapped in a single step within silica particles having an oleic acid core (RML@SiO2). Characterization of RML@SiO2 by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared studies supported the lipase immobilization within silica particles. The immobilized enzyme was employed for transesterification of cottonseed oil with methanol and ethanol. Under the optimum reaction conditions of a methanol‐to‐oil molar ratio of 12:1 or ethanol‐to‐oil molar ratio of 15:1, stirring speed of 250 revolutions/min (flask radius = 3 cm), reaction temperature of 40 °C, and biocatalyst concentration of 5 wt% (with respect to oil), more than 98 % alkyl ester yield was achieved in 16 and 24 h of reaction duration in case of methanolysis and ethanolysis, respectively. The immobilized enzyme did not require any buffer solution or organic solvent for optimum activity; hence, the produced biodiesel and glycerol were free from metal ion or organic molecule contamination. The activation energies for the immobilized enzyme‐catalyzed ethanolysis and methanolysis were found to be 34.9 ± 1.6 and 19.7 ± 1.8 kJ mol−1, respectively. The immobilized enzyme was recovered from the reaction mixture and reused in 12 successive runs without significant loss of activity. Additionally, RML@SiO2 demonstrated better reusability as well as stability in comparison to the native enzyme as the former did not lose the activity even upon storage at room temperature (25–30 °C) over an 8‐month period.
‘Humeanism’
Authors: STRAWSON GALEN 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT:In metaphysics, the adjective ‘Humean’ is used to describe positions that deny the existence of any necessary connection or causal influence in concrete reality. This usage has been significantly reinforced by David Lewis's employment of ‘Humean’ in the phrase ‘Humean supervenience’. It is, however, not at all clear that this usage is appropriate. Lewis himself raised a doubt about it.
David Lewis, Donald C. Williams, and the History of Metaphysics in the Twentieth Century
Authors: FISHER A. R. J. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT:The revival of analytic metaphysics in the latter half of the twentieth century is typically understood as a consequence of the critiques of logical positivism, Quine's naturalization of ontology, Kripke's Naming and Necessity, clarifications of modal notions in logic, and the theoretical exploitation of possible worlds. However, this explanation overlooks the work of metaphysicians at the height of positivism and linguisticism that affected metaphysics of the late twentieth century. Donald C. Williams is one such philosopher. In this paper I explain how Williams's fundamental ontology and philosophy of time influenced in part the early formation of David Lewis's metaphysics. Thus, Williams played an important role in the revival of analytic metaphysics.
Intuition and Its Place in Ethics
Authors: AUDI ROBERT 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT:This paper provides a multifaceted account of intuition. The paper integrates apparently disparate conceptions of intuition, shows how the notion has figured in epistemology as well as in intuitionistic ethics, and clarifies the relation between the intuitive and the self-evident. Ethical intuitionism is characterized in ways that, in phenomenology, epistemology, and ontology, represent an advance over the position of W. D. Ross while preserving its commonsense normative core and intuitionist character. This requires clarifying the sense in which intuitions are non-inferential and explaining how self-evident principles may be maintained without dogmatism, how intuition is significantly analogous to perception, and how rational disagreements can extend even to the self-evident. The paper distinguishes between two orders of normative disagreement, shows how intuition can contribute to resolving normative disagreements, and represents ethical intuitionism as capable of modified forms that depart from its traditional claims in being neutral with respect to both ethical naturalism and metaphysical realism.
Competition and Ceramics on the East African Coast: Long-Term Perspectives on Nineteenth-Century History at the Swahili Port Town of Mikindani, Tanzania
Authors: Pawlowicz Matthew C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Swahili communities of the East African coast have often been characterized as middlemen, defined by their ability to navigate – often quite literally – the economic networks linking the African Interior and the Indian Ocean rim. Yet diversity has increasingly been recognized between Swahili communities. In this paper I add to the awareness and explication of Swahili diversity through comparative analysis of the archaeology of the southern Tanzanian town of Mikindani. In particular, I work to extend our knowledge of political and economic competition in East Africa backwards from the better documented nineteenth century. For Mikindani, its inhabitants’ changing abilities to access certain kinds of ceramics trace the competitive structures of this part of the coast and provide evidence for their success or failure in navigating a complex economic landscape.
Material Biographies: Saharan Trade and the Lives of Objects in Fourteenth and Fifteenth-Century West Africa
Authors: Silverman Raymond A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article explores the lives of several copper alloy vessels (bowls, basins, and ewers), made in Egypt and England, that were carried across the Sahara just before the dawn of the European age of exploration, and that eventually found their way to central Ghana. It considers how and why prestige metal goods, some of them produced for specific individuals, became trade commodities that traveled thousands of kilometers, ending up in Akan communities where they were given new meanings. In thinking about material things and the mutability of meaning, the article attempts to address how we might understand these trade items as discursive “objects of knowledge” connecting peoples living in different times and different places.
CONTRACTS MADE BY AGENTS ON BEHALF OF PRINCIPALS WITH LATENT MENTAL INCAPACITY: THE COMMON LAW POSITION
Authors: Watts Peter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe common law regarding the formation of contracts made through an agent on behalf of a principal suffering from latent mental incapacity is still undeveloped. This article argues that, in general, such a principal can confer actual authority to contract on an agent so long as the agent (reasonably) is, and remains, unaware of the incapacity. On the same basis, an incapax principal can manifest to a third party that such an appointment has been made, thereby creating apparent authority in the agent.
LIABILITY FOR INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS IN CONTRACT AND TORT: DUTIES TO ENSURE THAT CARE IS TAKEN
Authors: Morgan Jonathan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLiability for independent contractors generally poses few difficulties in the law of contract, whereas in tort it is a vexed question. The difficulties are only compounded by the governing concept: the so-called “non-delegable duty”. This article explains the differences and argues that no easy parallels can be drawn from the contractual position to answer the riddles in tort. Neither does “assumption of responsibility” help. There is undoubtedly a case for recognising vicarious liability for independent contractors when businesses and public bodies alike now outsource so many of their functions. This issue needs to be confronted squarely, not through unconvincing contractual analogies.
LAND REGISTRATION: RECTIFICATION AND PURCHASERS
Authors: Smith Roger 
Published: March 2015

A claims an interest in B's property; C is a purchaser who is unaware of A's claim. This is a typical land law dispute involving two innocent parties (A and C). Registration systems generally set out to protect C – it is thought compelling that purchasers should be able to rely on the register to buy land quickly and risk-free. However, there are some limits to this protection.
Genome-wide profiling of p53-regulated enhancer RNAs uncovers a subset of enhancers controlled by a lncRNA
Authors: Léveillé Nicolas , Melo Carlos A. , Rooijers Koos , Díaz-Lagares Angel , Melo Sonia A. , Korkmaz Gozde , Lopes Rui , Moqadam Farhad Akbari , Maia Ana R. , Wijchers Patrick J. , Geeven Geert , den Boer Monique L. , Kalluri Raghu , de Laat Wouter , Esteller Manel , Agami Reuven 
Published: March 2015

Abstractp53 binds enhancers to regulate key target genes. Here, we globally mapped p53-regulated enhancers by looking at enhancer RNA (eRNA) production. Intriguingly, while many p53-induced enhancers contained p53-binding sites, most did not. As long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are prominent regulators of chromatin dynamics, we hypothesized that p53-induced lncRNAs contribute to the activation of enhancers by p53. Among p53-induced lncRNAs, we identified LED and demonstrate that its suppression attenuates p53 function. Chromatin-binding and eRNA expression analyses show that LED associates with and activates strong enhancers. One prominent target of LED was located at an enhancer region within CDKN1A gene, a potent p53-responsive cell cycle inhibitor. LED knockdown reduces CDKN1A enhancer induction and activity, and cell cycle arrest following p53 activation. Finally, promoter-associated hypermethylation analysis shows silencing of LED in human tumours. Thus, our study identifies a new layer of complexity in the p53 pathway and suggests its dysregulation in cancer.
Large-scale determination of absolute phosphorylation stoichiometries in human cells by motif-targeting quantitative proteomics
Authors: Tsai Chia-Feng , Wang Yi-Ting , Yen Hsin-Yung , Tsou Chih-Chiang , Ku Wei-Chi , Lin Pei-Yi , Chen Hsuan-Yu , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. , Ishihama Yasushi , Chen Yu-Ju 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOur ability to model the dynamics of signal transduction networks will depend on accurate methods to quantify levels of protein phosphorylation on a global scale. Here we describe a motif-targeting quantitation method for phosphorylation stoichiometry typing. Proteome-wide phosphorylation stoichiometry can be obtained by a simple phosphoproteomic workflow integrating dephosphorylation and isotope tagging with enzymatic kinase reaction. Proof-of-concept experiments using CK2-, MAPK- and EGFR-targeting assays in lung cancer cells demonstrate the advantage of kinase-targeted complexity reduction, resulting in deeper phosphoproteome quantification. We measure the phosphorylation stoichiometry of >1,000 phosphorylation sites including 366 low-abundance tyrosine phosphorylation sites, with high reproducibility and using small sample sizes. Comparing drug-resistant and sensitive lung cancer cells, we reveal that post-translational phosphorylation changes are significantly more dramatic than those at the protein and messenger RNA levels, and suggest potential drug targets within the kinase–substrate network associated with acquired drug resistance.
Label-free in vivo molecular imaging of underglycosylated mucin-1 expression in tumour cells
Authors: Song Xiaolei , Airan Raag D. , Arifin Dian R. , Bar-Shir Amnon , Kadayakkara Deepak K. , Liu Guanshu , Gilad Assaf A. , van Zijl Peter C. M. , McMahon Michael T. , Bulte Jeff W. M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlterations in mucin expression and glycosylation are associated with cancer development. Underglycosylated mucin-1 (uMUC1) is overexpressed in most malignant adenocarcinomas of epithelial origin (for example, colon, breast and ovarian cancer). Its counterpart MUC1 is a large polymer rich in glycans containing multiple exchangeable OH protons, which is readily detectable by chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI. We show here that deglycosylation of MUC1 results in >75% reduction in CEST signal. Three uMUC1+ human malignant cancer cell lines overexpressing uMUC1 (BT20, HT29 and LS174T) show a significantly lower CEST signal compared with the benign human epithelial cell line MCF10A and the uMUC1− tumour cell line U87. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in vivo CEST MRI is able to make a distinction between LS174T and U87 tumour cells implanted in the mouse brain. These results suggest that the mucCEST MRI signal can be used as a label-free surrogate marker to non-invasively assess mucin glycosylation and tumour malignancy.
Acceptance Mediates the Relationship Between Tinnitus-Related Cognitions and Anxiety Sensitivity
Authors: Moring John , Bowen Anne , Thomas Jenifer , Joseph Jeremy 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
Negative cognitions related to tinnitus sensation have been previously shown to affect the level of emotional distress. Anxiety sensitivity is another psychological factor that influences individuals to more closely monitor their own bodily sensations, resulting in increased negative cognitions and negative emotional responses among tinnitus patients. However, increasing acceptance of tinnitus sensation may attenuate emotional distress. The goal of this research was to investigate the relationship between negative tinnitus-related cognitions, acceptance, and anxiety sensitivity.

Method
Two hundred sixty-seven participants completed online measures of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (Newman, Jacobson, & Spitzer, 1996), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (Hayes, Follette, & Linehan, 2004), and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index–3 (Taylor et al., 2007).

Results
Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that acceptance fully mediated the relationship between negative tinnitus-related cognitions and anxiety sensitivity.

Conclusions
On the basis of these results, it is suggested that practitioners improve acceptance of tinnitus sensation, duration, and intensity. More research is warranted on the clinical techniques to improve acceptance.
Weighting of Acoustic Cues to a Manner Distinction by Children With and Without Hearing Loss
Authors: Nittrouer Susan , Lowenstein Joanna H. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
Children must develop optimal perceptual weighting strategies for processing speech in their first language. Hearing loss can interfere with that development, especially if cochlear implants are required. The three goals of this study were to measure, for children with and without hearing loss: (a) cue weighting for a manner distinction, (b) sensitivity to those cues, and (c) real-world communication functions.

Method
One hundred and seven children (43 with normal hearing [NH], 17 with hearing aids [HAs], and 47 with cochlear implants [CIs]) performed several tasks: labeling of stimuli from /bɑ/-to-/wɑ/ continua varying in formant and amplitude rise time (FRT and ART), discrimination of ART, word recognition, and phonemic awareness.

Results
Children with hearing loss were less attentive overall to acoustic structure than children with NH. Children with CIs, but not those with HAs, weighted FRT less and ART more than children with NH. Sensitivity could not explain cue weighting. FRT cue weighting explained significant amounts of variability in word recognition and phonemic awareness; ART cue weighting did not.

Conclusion
Signal degradation inhibits access to spectral structure for children with CIs, but cannot explain their delayed development of optimal weighting strategies. Auditory training could strengthen the weighting of spectral cues for children with CIs, thus aiding spoken language acquisition.
Development and Simulation Testing of a Computerized Adaptive Version of the Philadelphia Naming Test
Authors: Hula William D. , Kellough Stacey , Fergadiotis Gerasimos 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop a computerized adaptive test (CAT) version of the Philadelphia Naming Test (PNT; Roach, Schwartz, Martin, Grewal, & Brecher, 1996), to reduce test length while maximizing measurement precision. This article is a direct extension of a companion article (Fergadiotis, Kellough, & Hula, 2015), in which we fitted the PNT to a 1-parameter logistic item-response-theory model and examined the validity and precision of the resulting item parameter and ability score estimates.

Method
Using archival data collected from participants with aphasia, we simulated two PNT-CAT versions and two previously published static PNT short forms, and compared the resulting ability score estimates to estimates obtained from the full 175-item PNT. We used a jackknife procedure to maintain independence of the samples used for item estimation and CAT simulation.

Results
The PNT-CAT recovered full PNT scores with equal or better accuracy than the static short forms. Measurement precision was also greater for the PNT-CAT than the static short forms, though comparison of adaptive and static nonoverlapping alternate forms showed minimal differences between the two approaches.

Conclusion
These results suggest that CAT assessment of naming in aphasia has the potential to reduce test burden while maximizing the accuracy and precision of score estimates.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170309
Fast transient response high‐accuracy current‐sensing technique for step‐up DC–DC converter
Authors: Chi Yuan , Lai Xin‐Quan , Du Han‐Xiao 
Published: March 2015

A novel current‐sensing technique with fast transient and high accuracy for a step‐up DC–DC converter is presented. This circuitry is applied for sensing the current flowing through the equivalent series resistor (ESR) of the inductor to obtain the inductor current information. It is achieved with a fast transient response circuit (FTRC), an operational amplifier, a current‐sensing stage and an overshoot current protection circuit. The process offsets of the transistors, which can increase the current‐sensing accuracy, and provide an additional current feedback loop to decrease the transient response time are compensated by the FTRC. When the sensed current is higher than the maximum value, the overcurrent protection (OCP) will be operating to let it shut down. This current‐sensing technique has been integrated in a step‐up DC–DC converter with standard 0.35 μm CMOS process. Experimental results show that the accuracy is higher than 98% and the transient response recovery time is ∼100 μs with load current changing from 3 A to 10 mA.
4×, 3‐level, blind ADC‐based receiver
Authors: Kovacevic N. , Jalali M. S. , Liang J. , Ting C. , Sheikholeslami A. , Kibune M. , Tamura H. 
Published: March 2015

The design of a 4× blind analogue‐to‐digital converter (ADC)‐based receiver implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology is presented. The ADC, which has three levels with two adjustable thresholds, effectively implements a speculative decision‐feedback equaliser. By reducing the ADC resolution and by simplifying the digital clock and data recovery design, the power consumption is reduced by a factor of 2 compared with previous works. Measurement results confirm a bit error rate of <10−12 at 5 Gbit/s with a high‐frequency jitter tolerance of 0.39 and 0.31 UIpp for a 9.3 and a 12.9 dB FR4 channel, respectively. The entire receiver consumes 63 and 86 mW for the respective channels.
Coherence‐selectable operation of external‐cavity semiconductor diode laser by intracavity polarisation control
Authors: Hyodo M. , Kawakami A. , Saito S. , Watanabe M. , Adachi M. 
Published: March 2015

The operation of an external‐cavity semiconductor diode laser with selectable coherence and a tunable wavelength has been successfully demonstrated through the control of the intracavity polarisation state. The laser has an intracavity half‐wave plate that is able to rotate the orientation of the polarisation axis with regard to diffraction grating, where the grating acts as a polarisation‐ and wavelength‐selective element. As a result, it was possible to continuously sweep the correlation widths from 230 kHz to 2.0 MHz by simply rotating the half‐wave plate.
Nonlinear modelling of dynamic self‐heating in 28 nm bulk complementary metal–oxide semiconductor technology
Authors: Sahoo A.K. , Fregonese S. , Scheer P. , Celi D. , Juge A. , Zimmer T. 
Published: March 2015

A new and simple approach for nonlinear modelling of the dynamic self‐heating effect in bulk complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) field effect transistors is presented. Low‐frequency S‐parameter measurements are performed in 28 nm bulk CMOS technology at room temperature between a 10 kHz and 3 GHz frequency range and the thermal impedance (ZTH) of the devices is extracted. The proposed model is validated through the measurements for different bias points. The results obtained demonstrate a reasonable agreement between theoretical prediction and experimental data.
Miniaturised wideband filtering antenna by employing CRLH‐TL and simplified feeding structure
Authors: Wu Pu‐Chao , Chen Long , Luo Yong‐Lun 
Published: March 2015

A miniaturised three‐order wideband ﬁltering antenna by employing a composite right/left handed transmission line (CRLH‐TL) and a simplified asymmetric coplanar strip feeding structure is presented. The CRLH‐TL resonator resonates at zeroth‐order mode and ﬁrst‐positive‐order mode, and the meander‐line antenna performs not only as a radiator but also as the last resonator of the corresponding bandpass filter. The proposed ﬁltering antenna has four poles in the passband and two radiation nulls at the band edges. Compared with conventional antennas, the proposed filtering antenna shows flat gain responses and flat radiated powers within the passband, and displays good frequency skirt selectivity. Measurement results show that the ﬁltering antenna can operate at from 4.03‐ to 7.11 GHz, has a 3.08 GHz bandwidth, a 2.5 dBi average gain in the broadside (+Z) direction and nearly 30 dBm average radiated power within the passband.