bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic stress in infants and preschoolers with cancer
Authors: Graf Anna , Bergstraesser Eva , Landolt Markus A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis study is the first to assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in young children with cancer and to examine individual, medical, and parent‐related determinants.MethodsForty‐eight patients with cancer, ages 8–48 months, were assessed in an average of 15 months after their diagnosis, using mothers as informants to complete the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Semi‐Structured Interview and Observational Record for Infants and Young Children. Additionally, mothers and the attending pediatric oncologist completed questionnaires on various determinants of child PTSD.ResultsNine children (18.8%) met the age‐appropriate criteria for full PTSD proposed by Scheeringa et al., and 20 children (41.7%) met criteria for partial PTSD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher child age at diagnosis (odds ratio = 1.11) and maternal PTSD severity (odds ratio = 1.14) increased the risk of full or partial PTSD in children.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for a substantial prevalence of PTSD in young children with cancer and identifies important risk factors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal unfolding of the N‐terminal region of p53 monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy
Authors: Schaub Leasha J. , Campbell James C. , Whitten Steven T. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIt has been estimated that 30% of eukaryotic protein and 70% of transcription factors are intrinsically disordered (ID). The biochemical significance of proteins that lack stable tertiary structure, however, is not clearly understood, largely owing to an inability to assign well‐defined structures to specific biological tasks. In an attempt to investigate the structural character of ID protein, we have measured the circular dichroism spectrum of the N‐terminal region of p53 over a range of temperatures and solution conditions. p53 is a well‐studied transcription factor that has a proline‐rich N‐terminal ID region containing two activation domains. High proline content is a property commonly associated with ID, and thus p53 may be a good model system for investigating the biochemical importance of ID. The spectra presented here suggest that the N‐terminal region of p53 may adopt an ordered structure under physiological conditions and that this structure can be thermally unfolded in an apparent two‐state manner. The midpoint temperature for this thermal unfolding of the N‐terminal region of p53 was at the near‐physiological temperature of 39°C, suggesting the possibility of a physiological role for the observed structural equilibrium.
Three intrinsically unstructured mussel adhesive proteins, mfp‐1, mfp‐2, and mfp‐3: Analysis by circular dichroism
Authors: Hwang Dong Soo , Waite J. Herbert 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMussel foot proteins (mfps) mediate fouling by the byssal holdfast and have been extensively investigated as models for versatile polymer‐mediated underwater adhesion and coatings. However, insights into the structural properties of mfps have lagged far behind the nanomechanical advances, owing in part to the inability of these proteins to crystallize as well as their limited solubility. Here, solution secondary structures of mfp‐1, mfp‐2, and mfp‐3, localized in the mussel byssal cuticle, adhesive plaque, and plaque–substratum interface, respectively, were investigated using circular dichroism. All three have significant extended coil solution structure, but two, mfp‐1 and mfp‐2, appear to have punctuated regions of structure separated by unstructured domains. Apart from its punctuated distribution, the structure in mfp‐1 resembles other structural proteins such as collagen and plant cell‐wall proteins with prominent polyproline II helical structure. As in collagen, PP II structure of mfp‐1 is incrementally disrupted by increasing the temperature and by raising pH. However, no recognizable change in mfp‐1's PP II structure was evident with the addition with Ca2+ and Fe3+. In contrast, mfp‐2 exhibits Ca2+‐ and disulfide‐stabilized epidermal growth factor‐like domains separated by unstructured sequence. Mfp‐2 showed calcium‐binding ability. Bound calcium in mfp‐2 was not removed by chelation at pH 5.5, but it was released upon reduction of disulfide bonds. Mfp‐3, in contrast, appears to consist largely of unstructured extended coils.
Re: Can angle of progression in pregnant women before onset of labor predict mode of delivery? R. Levy, S. Zaks, A. Ben‐Arie, S. Perlman, Z. Hagay and E. Vaisbuch. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 40: 332–337.
Authors: Iliescu D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLinked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012:40:332–337
Experience in implementing ICRP recommendations: IRPA's perspective on the role of the radiation protection professional
Authors: Kase K.R. 
Published: August 2012

The International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) has a membership of approximately 17,000 individuals who are members of 48 national societies in 60 countries worldwide. As such, IRPA's vision is to be recognised as the international voice of the radiation protection professional. This article will discuss elements of the outcome of the 12th International Congress of IRPA (‘Focus on the future’), objectives and current activities of IRPA, criteria and priorities for the engagement of IRPA with international organisations, current IRPA initiatives in the areas of radiation protection culture and certification/qualification of radiation protection experts, planning for the 13th International Congress of IRPA, comments on the implementation of recent recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), and suggestions about IRPA and ICRP collaboration in their implementation. IRPA recognises that ICRP is the international body to determine policy and to make recommendations for protection against ionising radiation, and IRPA is in a position to participate in and facilitate the implementation of those recommendations.
Analysis of maternal and abortion‐related mortality in Mexico over the last two decades, 1990–2008
Authors: Schiavon Raffaela , Troncoso Erika , Polo Gerardo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTo document the relative contribution of abortion‐related deaths to overall maternal deaths in Mexico, official mortality data were analyzed according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. During 1990–2008, among 24 805 maternal deaths, 1786 (7.2%) were abortion related. Of these, 13.2% occurred in adolescents and 65% in uninsured women; 60% were probably associated with unsafely induced procedures. The study calculated the number of abortion‐related deaths per 100 000 abortion‐related hospitalizations, expressed as a modified abortion case‐fatality rate. During 2000–2008, this rate was 48 at the national level, with wide variations among states: from 140 deaths in Guerrero to 8 in Baja California Sur per 100 000 abortion hospitalizations. Unsafe abortion continues to represent a significant proportion of all maternal deaths in Mexico.
Stories behind the statistics: A review of abortion‐related deaths from 2005 to 2007 in Mexico City
Authors: van Dijk Marieke G. , Ahued Ortega Armando , Contreras Xipatl , García Sandra G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEvidence suggests that restricting abortion does not reduce its occurrence but increases health risk. A qualitative analysis was performed, reviewing the medical charts of 12 women who died from unsafe induced abortions in Mexico City; most deaths occurred before abortion was decriminalized. Women resorted to using unsafe techniques, without medical guidance or under incorrect recommendations by providers, ultimately resulting in the loss of their lives. Postabortion care in private and public health facilities was often inadequate. The cases illustrate the importance of liberalizing abortion laws and improving postabortion care to protect the life and health of women seeking to terminate pregnancy.
Health consequences of unsafe abortion in Colombia, 1989–2008
Authors: Prada Elena , Singh Susheela , Villarreal Cristina 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe number of Colombian women hospitalized for the treatment of induced abortion complications increased from 57 679 in 1989 to 93 336 in 2008; the hospitalization rate also rose: from 7.2 to 9.1 cases per 1000 women aged 15–44 years. Factors that likely underlie the increase include improved access to postabortion care (although 1 in 5 women still do not obtain the care they need) and the growing role of misoprostol, often used incorrectly and to some extent replacing the use of surgical abortion by doctors. Efforts are evidently needed to improve access to safe abortion and effective contraception.
Trends in hospitalization for abortion‐related complications in Brazil, 1992–2009: Why the decline in numbers and severity?
Authors: Singh Susheela , Monteiro Mario F.G. , Levin Jacques 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBrazil offers a unique opportunity to analyze trends in abortion‐related morbidity over time with high‐quality data. National data on facility‐based treatment of abortion complications from 1992–2009 were analyzed. Large declines occurred in the number and rate of women treated for abortion complications: the national number of treated cases declined by 41% (from 282 000 in 1992 to 165000 in 2009), and the abortion treatment rate declined by 57% (from 7.1 to 3.1 per 1000 women) over the same period. The decline in this rate was more striking for more serious complications than for less serious ones (69% compared with 52%). Possible reasons for these overall declines include increasing use and greater availability of safer abortion methods, and greater ability to pay for such methods as well as a possible decline in incidence of unintended pregnancy and abortion through more widespread use of modern contraception.
An unequal burden: Risk factors for severe complications following unsafe abortion in Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Gerdts Caitlin , Prata Ndola , Gessessew Amanuel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractUnsafe abortion is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. A total of 266 women seeking care at health facilities for the treatment of incomplete abortion in Tigray, Ethiopia were studied, and factors associated with severe complications related to unsafe abortion were assessed. Women had significantly higher odds of experiencing severe clinical complications if they were married compared with unmarried (odds ratio 3.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.75–9.04) or were seen in a mid‐ or low‐level health facility (a health center or health post) compared with a high‐level facility (a hospital) (odds ratio 4.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.87–12.19). The findings support the need to provide family planning programs that involve men and the need to expand access to confidential, safe abortion services by mid‐level providers so that pregnancy termination no longer means placing women's lives and health in danger.
Outcome of an intervention to improve the quality of private sector provision of postabortion care in northern Nigeria
Authors: Ogu Rosemary , Okonofua Friday , Hammed Afolabi , Okpokunu Edoja , Mairiga Abdulkarim , Bako Abubakar , Abass Tajudeen , Garba Danjuma , Alani Akinyade , Agholor Kingsley 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe outcomes of an intervention aimed at improving the quality of postabortion care provided by private medical practitioners in 8 states in northern Nigeria are reported. A total of 458 private medical doctors and 839 nurses and midwives were trained to offer high‐quality postabortion care, postabortion family planning, and integrated sexually transmitted infection/HIV care. Results showed that among the 17009 women treated over 10 years, there was not a single case of maternal death. In a detailed analysis of 2559 women treated during a 15‐month period after the intervention was established, only 33 women experienced mild complications, while none suffered major complications of abortion care. At the same time, there was a reduction in treatment cost and a doubling of the contraceptive uptake by the women. Building the capacity of private medical providers can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality associated with induced abortion in northern Nigeria.
The health system cost of postabortion care in Ethiopia
Authors: Vlassoff Michael , Fetters Tamara , Kumbi Solomon , Singh Susheela 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTo address the knowledge gap that exists in costing unsafe abortion in Ethiopia, estimates were derived of the cost to the health system of providing postabortion care (PAC), based on research conducted in 2008. Fourteen public and private health facilities were selected, representing 3 levels of health care. Cost information on drugs, supplies, material, personnel time, and out‐of‐pocket expenses was collected using an ingredients approach. Sensitivity analysis was used to determine the most likely range of costs. The average direct cost per client, across 5 types of abortion complications, was US $36.21. The annual direct cost nationally ranged from US $6.5 to US $8.9 million. Including indirect costs and satisfying all demand increased the annual national cost to US $47 million. PAC consumes a large portion of the total expenditure in reproductive health in Ethiopia. Investing more resources in family planning programs to prevent unwanted pregnancies would be cost‐beneficial to the health system.
Public hospital costs of treatment of abortion complications in Nigeria
Authors: Benson Janie , Okoh Mathew , KrennHrubec Keris , Lazzarino Maribel A. Mañibo , Johnston Heidi Bart 
Published: August 2012

AbstractUnsafe abortion is a significant contributor to maternal mortality in Nigeria, and treatment of postabortion complications drains public healthcare resources. Provider estimates of medications, supplies, and staff time spent in 17 public hospitals were used to estimate the per‐case and annual costs of postabortion care (PAC) provision in Ogun and Lagos states and the Federal Capital Territory. PAC with treatment of moderate complications (US $112) cost 60% more per case than simple PAC (US $70). In cases needing simple PAC, treatment with dilation and curettage (D&C, US $80) cost 18% more per case than manual vacuum aspiration (US $68). Annually, all public hospitals in these 3 states spend US $807 442 on PAC. This cost could be reduced by shifting service provision to an outpatient basis, allowing service provision by midwives, and abandoning the use of D&C. Availability of safe, legal abortion would further decrease cost and reduce preventable deaths from unsafe abortion.
Quality and efficiency of care for complications of unsafe abortion: A case study from Bangladesh
Authors: Johnston Heidi Bart , Akhter Shamima , Oliveras Elizabeth 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTreating complications of unsafe abortion can be financially draining for health systems. This analysis assessed incremental health system costs of service delivery for abortion‐related complications in the Bangladesh public health system and confirmed that providing postabortion care with vacuum aspiration is less expensive than using dilation and curettage (D&C). Implementing several evidence‐based best practices, such as replacing D&C with vacuum aspiration, reducing use of high‐level sedation, authorizing midlevel providers to offer postabortion care, and providing postabortion contraceptive counseling and services to women while still at the health facility, could increase the quality and cost efficiency of postabortion care in Bangladesh.
Attitudes toward abortion in Zambia
Authors: Geary Cynthia Waszak , Gebreselassie Hailemichael , Awah Paschal , Pearson Erin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDespite Zambia's relatively progressive abortion law, women continue to seek unsafe, illegal abortions. Four domains of abortion attitudes – support for legalization, immorality, rights, and access to services – were measured in 4 communities. A total of 668 people were interviewed. Associations among the 4 domains were inconsistent with expectations. The belief that abortion is immoral was widespread, but was not associated with lack of support for legalization. Instead, it was associated with belief that women need access to safe services. These findings suggest that increasing awareness about abortion law in Zambia may be important for encouraging more favorable attitudes.
Correlates of perceived and internalized stigma among abortion patients in the USA: An exploration by race and Hispanic ethnicity
Authors: Shellenberg Kristen M. , Tsui Amy O. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study estimated the proportion of abortion patients in the USA reporting perceived and internalized stigma, and assessed associations between those outcomes and women's sociodemographic, reproductive, and situational characteristics by race/ethnicity from a nationally representative dataset. Two‐thirds of women reported that some people would look down on them if they knew about the abortion, and more than half of the respondents reported needing to keep their abortion a secret from friends and family. Associations between women's characteristics and abortion stigma varied by race/ethnicity. Results indicate that many abortion patients in the USA perceive and internalize stigma; certain subgroups of women are more likely to perceive or internalize stigma than others.
Public opinion about abortion‐related stigma among Mexican Catholics and implications for unsafe abortion
Authors: McMurtrie Stephanie M. , García Sandra G. , Wilson Kate S. , Diaz‐Olavarrieta Claudia , Fawcett Gillian M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA nationally representative survey was conducted among 3000 Catholics in Mexico during 2009 and 2010. Respondents were presented with a hypothetical situation about a young woman who decided to have an abortion and were asked their personal opinion of her. On the basis of a stigma index, it was found that the majority (61%) had stigmatizing attitudes about abortion; however, 81% believed that abortion should be legal in at least some circumstances. Respondents were significantly more likely to stigmatize abortion if they disagreed with the Mexico City law legalizing the procedure (odds ratio 1.66; 95% CI, 1.30–2.11) and believed that abortion should be prohibited in all cases (odds ratio 3.13; 95% CI, 2.28–4.30). Such stigma can lead women to seek unsafe abortions to avoid judgment by society.
Social and psychological consequences of abortion in Iran
Authors: Hosseini‐Chavoshi Meimanat , Abbasi‐Shavazi Mohammad Jalal , Glazebrook Diana , McDonald Peter 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIran has had replacement fertility since 2000. Upholding a small family size has led some couples to terminate unwanted pregnancies. Abortion is, however, permitted only on medical grounds in Iran. Using data from the Iran Low Fertility Survey, this study assessed sociodemographic correlates of abortion among a random sample of 5526 ever‐married women aged 15–54 years, and used in‐depth interviews to explore reasons for and psychological consequences of abortion among 40 women who had experienced an unintended pregnancy. Although social and economic concerns were the main reasons cited for seeking abortion, women experienced anxiety and depression when seeking pregnancy termination and thereafter. Social stigmatization arose from a belief that abortion is sinful and that misfortune experienced thereafter is punishment. Inadequate knowledge and misunderstanding of relevant Sharia laws discouraged women from seeking care when they experienced complications. Iran's reproductive health policies should be revised to integrate pre‐ and postabortion counseling.
Roles of NOD1 (NLRC1) and NOD2 (NLRC2) in innate immunity and inflammatory diseases
Authors: Correa Ricardo G. , Milutinovic Snezana , Reed John C. 
Published: August 2012

NOD1 {nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1; NLRC [NOD-LRR (leucine-rich repeat) family with CARD (caspase recruitment domain) 1]} and NOD2 (NLRC2) are among the most prominent members of the NLR (NOD-LRR) family –proteins that contain nucleotide-binding NACHT domains and receptor-like LRR domains. With over 20 members identified in humans, NLRs represent important components of the mammalian innate immune system, serving as intracellular receptors for pathogens and for endogenous molecules elaborated by tissue injury. NOD1 and NOD2 proteins operate as microbial sensors through the recognition of specific PG (peptidoglycan) constituents of bacteria. Upon activation, these NLR family members initiate signal transduction mechanisms that include stimulation of NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), stress kinases, IRFs (interferon regulatory factors) and autophagy. Hereditary polymorphisms in the genes encoding NOD1 and NOD2 have been associated with an increasing number of chronic inflammatory diseases. In fact, potential roles for NOD1 and NOD2 in inflammatory disorders have been revealed by investigations using a series of animal models. In the present review, we describe recent experimental findings associating NOD1 and NOD2 with various autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders, and we discuss prospects for development of novel therapeutics targeting these NLR family proteins.
Condition indices of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) biased by capturing method
Authors: Ovegård Mikael , Berndt Kim , Lunneryd Sven-Gunnar 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Ovegård, M., Berndt, K., and Lunneryd, S-G. 2012. Condition indices of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) biased by capturing method. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1781–1788. In studies evaluating the condition and general health status of fish stocks, the method used for catching the fish is seldom considered as a factor of importance. In this study, condition indices were compared between cod caught in pots, gillnets, and on hooks in the same geographical area. The results showed that cod (Gadus morhua) caught on baited gear types (pots and hooks) generally displayed a lower condition and an older age (i.e. suggesting a lower growth rate) compared to cod caught in gillnets. It is unclear whether these results merely illustrate divergent behavioural responses in fish originating from one single population, or if these divergent behavioural components represent distinct subpopulations displaying different mean conditions and growth rates. Regardless of the underlying causes, the results not only show that parts of the Baltic cod stock are in extremely poor condition, they also indicate that different gear types used in the same area could target similar-sized conspecifics exhibiting large differences in condition and size-at-age. The potential impact of the difference in condition between the pots and other gear types could hamper the implementation of the cod pot as a potentially seal-safe and sustainable fishing method.