bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lens status and macular pigment optical density in an old French population (MONTRACHET's study: Maculopathy, Optic Nerve, nuTRition, neurovAsCular and HEarT diseases)
Authors: Fleck O. , Koehrer P. , Alassane S. , Binquet C. , Bretillon L. , Acar N. , Tzourio C. , Bron A.M. , Creuzot C. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe aim of our study was to compare macular pigment optical density between pkakic and pseudophakic eyes in a population‐based study in the elderly.MethodsThe hree city study (3C) included 9294 participants aged 65 years or more from three cities (Bordeaux, Dijon and Montpellier) in 1999. After a 10‐year follow‐up, Dijon's cohort had a complete ophthalmic examination in the MONTRACHET study; 1153 participants older than 75 years were included. Every participant had fundus photographs, macular pigment optical density measured by two‐wavelength autofluorescence. We retained only one eye for each subject, the one with the best image quality. An experimented investigator recorded macular pigment optical density at 0.5, 1, 2, and 6° eccentricity and classified images into one of the three patterns: no ring, ringlike or intermediate. Subjects with age‐related macular degeneration were excluded.ResultsWe included 534 participants with good image quality. The age was 82.3 ± 3.7 years. There were 247 (46.3%) phakic and 287 (53.7%) pseudophakic. Mean macular pigment optical density was significantly higher in pseudophakic eyes at 0.5° (0.66 ± 0.25 vs 0.44 ± 0.23 density units) at 1° (0.56 ± 0.21 vs 0.39 ± 0.19 density units) at 2° (0.35 ± 0.14 vs 0.25 ± 0.13 density units) and at 6° (0.08 ± 0.04 vs 0.06 ± 0.04 density units), p < 0,0001. There were no significant differences of macular pigment pattern between whatever the lens status (p = 0.64).ConclusionsMacular pigment optical density measurement by two‐wavelength autofluorescence is dependent on the lens status so that it should be taken into account when used in elderly where cataractarct surgery is common.
Subretinal drusenoid deposits in an elderly population with age‐related macular degeneration (MONTRACHET study: Maculopathy, Optic Nerve, nuTRition, neurovasCular and HEarT diseases)
Authors: Gabrielle P.H. , DeLazzer A. , Koehrer P. , Devilliers H. , Arnoult L. , Danielle S. , Binquet C. , Tzourio C. , Bron A.M. , Creuzot C. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo determine the frequency of subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) in a French population of elderly patients presenting an age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) in the MONTRACHET study.MethodsThe three‐city study (3C) was a population‐based study including 9294 patients older than 65 years from three French cities (Dijon, Bordeaux and Montpellier) at baseline in 1999. After 10 years, the cohort of Dijon benefited from a complete ophthalmologic examination as part of the MONTRACHET study. Each patient underwent a non‐mydriatic retinophotography associated with a spectral‐domain OCT examination (SD‐OCT) of the macula. AMD classification was established according to the classification of the Multi‐Ethnic study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) for the retinophotography analysis and with the E3 CONSORTIUM classification for the SD‐OCT analysis. Patients with uninterpretable images of both eyes were excluded from statistical analysis.ResultsOne thousand one hundred fifty three subjects were included. 62.7% were female and the mean age was 82.2 ± 3.8 years. With retinophotography analysis, the frequency of SDD was 1.9% (n = 38 eyes). With the SD‐OCT macular analysis, the frequency of SDD was 14.8% (n = 342). In patients presenting with SDD, 68.8% (n = 137) had a bilateral involvement. The relative risk (RR) of presenting SDD lesions in patients older than 80 years old was 2.6 (p < 0.001) and in women at 1.3 (p < 0.045). An interruption of the ellipsoide line and an alteration of the retinal pigment epithelium were statistically associated with the presence of SDD: RR = 5.9 (p < 0.001) and RR = 2.8 (p < 0.001), respectively. The average thickness of the subfoveal choroid was thinner in subjects presenting SDD (174.9 μm with SDD vs 209.8 μm without SDD, p < 0.001).ConclusionsFew population‐based studies have established the frequency of SDD in an elderly population.
Clinical aspects of Autosomic Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa Caused by USH2A Mutations in Consanguineous Tunisian Families
Authors: Chebil A. , Largueche l. , Kort F. , Hassairi A. , Habibi I. , Munier F. , El Matri l. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo assess the clinical phenotype in consanguineous Tunisian families with non syndromic autosomic recessive retinitis Pigmentosa (arRP) caused by an USH2A mutation.MethodsAll accessible members of families were included and underwent full ophthalmic examination with best corrected Snellen visual acuity, kinetic visual field testing, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography and full field electroretinography. Haplotype analyses were used to test linkage in the families to 20 arRP loci, including ABCA4, LRAT, USH2A, RP29, CERKL, CNGA1, CNGB1, CRB1, EYS, RP28, MERTK, NR2E3, PDE6A, PDE6B, RGR, RHO, RLBP1, TULP1.ResultsThirty‐four patients from five families were ascertained for the study. Twelve of the 34 members were clinically affected with arRP without hearing loss. Age range at baseline was 27–68 years (mean age was 42.5 years). For all affected members, night blindness appeared during the second decade. Visual acuity at baseline ranged from 20/40 to 20/32. Kinetic visual field was severely constricted. Fundus examination revealed typical RP changes with bone spicule‐shaped pigment deposits in the mid periphery along with atrophy of the retina, narrowing of the vessels and waxy optic discs. Tomograms showed a thinning and even loss the outer nuclear layer of the fovea. ERG was unrecordable in scotopic conditions and the cone responses were markedly hypovolted.ConclusionsFor these families, changes were typical of those that have been described in patients with moderate to severe forms of non syndromic recessive RP. Our findings support the need to consider possible involvement of USH2A not only in patients with Usher syndrome but also in patients with non syndromc arRP. Despite consanguinity, the presence of non‐homozygous mutants illustrates the complexity of molecular analysis.
Light‐Induced Retinopathy in neonatal rats: A new retinal degeneration slow model
Authors: Lachapelle P. , Polosa A. , Ait Igrine W. , Chevrolat L.A. , Bessaklia B. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeWe showed that compared to adult rats (AR), the retina of neonatal rats (NR) is significantly more resistant to light damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum exposure time that the neonatal retina requires to cause an adult‐like retinopathy at long term.MethodsStarting at postnatal age 14 days (P14), NR were exposed to 10,000 lux for various lengths of time [1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 16 consecutive days (d)]. ERGs and retinal histology were performed at predetermined time points.ResultsMaximal effect was obtained after 3 days of exposure [50% control ONL thickness (p < .05) compared to 97% and 75% for 1 and 2 days] beyond which no further significant (p > 0.05) thinning of the ONL was observed. In contrast, a significant (p < 0.05) dose‐dependent decrease of all ERG components is observed immediately following the cessation of light exposure. Athough non‐significant structural damage could be documented immediately following 1 day of exposure, when re‐examined at P70, the photoreceptor loss was almost identical (p > 0.05) to the damage produced following a 14 day long exposure.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that in NR, a one day long light exposure is sufficient to produce, at long term, a significant retinal degeneration that will significantly impact the retinal structure and function and that in spite of the fact that no measurable structural and functional retinal anomalies could be demonstrated immediately following this 1‐day exposure (i.e. at P15). Our light‐induced slow retinal degeneration model thus represents an attractive (especially its dose‐dependent nature) alternative (to other more genetic models) to study the pathophysiology of photoreceptor‐induced retinal degeneration and therapeutic strategies to counteract it. Funding: CIHR and FRQ‐S, under the frame of E‐Rare‐2, the ERA‐Net for Research on Rare Diseases.
Association of microRNA DGCR8 and XPO5 gene polymorphisms with the risk of primary open angle glaucoma occurrence
Authors: Szaflik J.P. , Majsterek I. , Molasy M. , Walczak A. , Przybylowska‐Sygut K. , Szymanek K. , Szaflik J. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeMany reports suggest the correlation between altered microRNA level and the pathogenesis of glaucoma. It is suspected that disruption in microRNA processing machinery may influence microRNAs action. The single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes DGCR8 and XPO5, which are involved in microRNA biogenesis may be the key factor in this process.MethodsThe blood samples of 80 patients affected by primary open angle glaucoma and 250 age matched controls were enrolled to this study. The DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood lymphocytes. The polymorphic variant frequencies of DGCR8 (rs 3757) and XPO5 (rs 1107) genes were determined using TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays.ResultsThe statistical analysis revealed that the polymorphism of DGCR8 gene did not affect to the risk of primary open angle glaucoma. While, the TT genotype of XPO5 was found to be present mainly in patients not affected by glaucoma (P=0.049746).ConclusionsIn conclusion, it was evaluated that the TT genotype of XPO5 gene might have protective effect on the risk of primary open angle glaucoma. Therefore, future analysis of polymorphic variants of genes involved in microRNA biogenesis could be used for patient's diagnosis according to glaucoma occurence.
Optic coherence tomography in analyzes of optic nerve and macula in neuro‐ophthalmological patients
Authors: Costa L. , Vicente A. , Anjos R. , Santos A. , Ferreira J. , Amado D. , Cunha J.P. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeHistorically, is made the distinction between optic neuropathies and macular diseases. Although, in our practical experience we believe that optic nerve (ON) damage, such as nerve edema or atrophy, at certain point will affect the macula. We have analyzed the scientific/structural impact of this clinical impression. The authors studied the correlation between Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness and total macular/ganglionic cell layer (GCL) thicknesses using Optic Coherence Tomography (Heidelberg Spectralis®).MethodsThis retrospective study, evaluate 114 patients with the initial diagnose of optic neuropathy. First, was measured the average thickness of RNFL in 4 quadrants and the central macula and GCL thicknesses in 1º, 2º and 3º mm in fovea. We studied it in 3 groups: ON pathology (1º – n: 68), chiasmal compressive lesions (2º – n: 8) and retro‐chiasmal pathology (3º – n: 38). The layer's thickness was correlated in 3 groups.ResultsThe 1º and 3º group had a significant impairment in all measures (RNFL, total central macula and GCL). There is a moderate correlation between RNFL and total central macular thicknesses (r: 0,354 and r: 0,314) and the correlation is strong comparing RNFL and GCL in 2º mm (r: 0,653 and r: 0.775) and 3º mm (r: 0,674 and r: 0, 839) thicknesses. Although, we didn't find any correlation between the RNFL and GCL thicknesses in 1º mm of fovea. In 2º group the results wasn't statistically significant, possible because the sample is short (n: 8).ConclusionsIn both groups, there is a correlation between the RNFL and total macula thicknesses. The impairment of total macula thickness is strongly correlated with the decreased thickness in GCL of foveae's 2º and 3º mm. This study shows in that pré‐chiasmal and retrochiasmal lesions, the impairment RNFL co‐exists with affection of macula thickness.
Systemic immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil to prevent corneal graft rejection after high risk penetrating keratoplasty: a 2‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Szaflik J.P. , Major J. , Izdebska J. , Lao M. , Szaflik J. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of systemic immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to prevent corneal graft rejection after high risk penetrating keratoplasty.MethodsOne hundred ninety‐six consecutive patients who underwent high risk penetrating keratoplasty defined as the presence of deep vascularization in more than two quadrants, keratouveitis, emergency keratoplasties, and retransplantations were enrolled in the study. Ninety‐eight prospectively followed‐up patients were treated with MMF (with dose adjustment based on mycophenolic acid [MPA] serum concentration), and 98 patients were in the non‐MMF‐treated retrospectively assessed control group.ResultsDuring a mean of 24 months’ observation, immune reactions occurred in 8 cases (8%) and graft rejection with subsequent graft failure occurred in 3 cases (3%) in the MMF group. In the control group, graft rejection occurred in 76 cases (78%) and failure due to graft rejection occurred in 30 cases (31%). Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that after a year 93% of the grafts in the MMF‐treated group and 47% in the control group showed no immune rejection (p < 0.01, log‐rank test). Cox regression analysis showed that MMF treatment decreased the risk of graft rejection 11 times (RR = 11, 95.0% CI 4.8–25, p < 0.0001). Among 98 MMF‐treated patients, 13 had gastric discomfort, 3 developed leucopenia, and 2 had anemia that resolved after MMF dose reduction.ConclusionsMMF treatment after high risk penetrating keratoplasty is safe and reduces the incidence of immune graft rejection and graft failure. Side effects were rare and reversible in all but one case.
Impact of a pre‐cut on clear cornea incision architecture in cataract surgery
Authors: Draschl P. , Hirnschall N. , Doeller B. , Nguyen P.M. , Findl O. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo assess the influence of a 600 μm corneal pre‐cut on incision architecture compared to a stab‐incision in cataract surgery.MethodsThis randomised bilateral study included patients scheduled for cataract surgery in both eyes without any other relevant ophthalmological co‐morbidities. Pre‐operatively, optical biometry and topography were performed (IOL Master 500 and the Atlas; both CZM AG). The first eye to be operated randomly received a corneal pre‐cut, or a single‐plane stab incision and the second eye received the other incision technique. In the pre‐cut group, a vertical cut was performed using a 600 μm guided blade. Incision size was 2.4 mm in both groups. Incision architecture was assessed intra‐operatively using a continuous intraoperative‐OCT device (ReScan 700, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Germany) after the incision, after I/A and after IOL implantation. Additionally, OCT measurements were assessed (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) one hour, one week and one month post‐operatively. Additionally, autorefraction and subjective refraction were performed at the one‐month‐follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 40 eyes of 20 patients were included. The intra‐operative measurements were possible in all cases and details of the morphology of the incision was visible in nearly all cases. Intra‐operative findings of endothelial and epithelial gaping, as well as Descemet detachment correlated well with post‐operative findings at the 1 hour follow‐up. Correlations between wound architecture and residual astigmatism were found to be weak.ConclusionsIntra‐operative OCT measurements using spectral‐dmoain technology were found to be useful to observe and document the incision architecture during cataract surgery.
A minimally invasive approach to sub‐conjunctival outflow: 1 year results of an ab‐interno gelatin stent in combination with preoperative MMC injection for the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Stalmans I. , Fea A. , Reitsamer H. , Lavin C. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo establish the safety and efficacy of an ab‐interno gelatin stent, as a stand‐alone procedure, in combination with a preoperative mitomycin C injection in reducing IOP and anti‐glaucoma medications in patients presenting with primary open angle glaucoma. Mean IOP, IOP change, reduction in medications, and safety were recorded in 70 subjects through 12 months.MethodsIn this prospective, non‐randomized, multi‐center evaluation, safety and efficacy parameters were evaluated. As a stand‐alone glaucoma procedure, a trans‐scleral gelatin stent is placed through a clear corneal incision using a preloaded injector with a 27 gauge needle. Once in place, the permanent gelatin implant is designed to connect the anterior chamber to the non‐dissected Tenon's and subconjunctival space, thereby creating diffuse dispersion of aqueous while bypassing potential outflow obstructions. Effectiveness was assessed by comparing medicated baseline IOP and glaucomatous medications to postoperative values through 12 months. Safety was assessed by assessing complications at routinely scheduled exams through 12 months.ResultsNo major adverse events were reported, and 2 patients were converted to a tube shunt at 6 months. The mean preoperative (best medicated) IOP was 23.6 mmHg. The mean postoperative IOPs were: 13.3 mmHg (44% reduction) at 9 months, and 12.6 mmHg (47% reduction) at 12 months. From the preoperative mean of 3.5 (patients not washed out pre‐surgery), 9 months medications were reduced by 69% and at 12 months medications were reduced by 66%. No infection, migration or erosion occurred in any patients.ConclusionsThis “hybrid system”, combining a minimally invasive ab‐interno approach with a subconjunctival drainage, provided very satisfactory intra‐ocular pressure control after one year with an excellent safety profile.
Clinical Efficacy of an Oil‐based Lubricant Eye Drop in Dry Eye Patients with Lipid Deficiency
Authors: Labetoulle M. , Maurino V. , Ogundele A. , Rossi G.C.M. , Van der Meulen I. , Mrukwa‐Kominek E. , Galarreta D. , Boehringer D. , Baudouin C. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo demonstrate the superior efficacy of a propylene glycol‐based, micro‐emulsion eye drop (SYSB; Systane® Balance) over Preservative‐Free 0.9% Saline (PFS) Solution in patients with lipid‐deficient dry eye.MethodsThis was a multicenter, observer masked, parallel‐design study (powered to show superiority). Subjects were randomized to receive SYSB or PFS QID for 35 days (Phase 1) and then as needed for 55 days (Phase 2). Eligible subjects had lipid‐deficient dry eye with meibomian gland dysfunction.ResultsA total of 279 patients were enrolled, 214 were randomized and 210 received the assigned study treatment. Baseline and demographic characteristics were similar between SYSB (n = 110) and PFS (n = 100) groups. At the end of the study, the mean change from baseline (±SEM) in TFBUT at Day 35 was 1.5 (0.2) and 0.5 (0.2) for SYSB and PFS respectively, representing a difference of 1.0 (0.3), significantly in favor of SYSB (p = 0.0011). Twenty one (19.1%) patients receiving SYSB and 8 (8.0%) patients receiving PFS experienced ocular treatment‐emergent AEs.ConclusionsSYSB demonstrated superior efficacy to PFS in patients with lipid‐deficient dry eye and was well tolerated over the 90 day of treatment.
In vivo modified peripheral glia enhance regenerative capacity in a rat retina
Authors: Smedowski A. , Pietrucha‐Dutczak M. , Kaarniranta K. , Lewin‐Kowalik J. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo investigate impact of transplanted peripheral glia on neurites outgrowth and synaptogenesis in adult rat retina associated with ongoing optic neuropathy.MethodsIn this study we used two models of retinal neurodegeneration – degeneration of denervation represented by retinal explants culture and glaucomatous degeneration represented by rat model of ocular hypertension. Retinal explants were cultured in standard supplemented Neurobasal A medium (n = 48). Ocular hypertension has been induced using beads occlusive model (n = 10). In both ex vivo and in vivo approaches we applied transplantation of peripheral glia, prepared as previously described (Marcol et al. 2015), of density 104/5 µl for ex vivo and 106/5 µl for in vivo. PBS treatment was used as a control. After proper follow‐up time (10 days for retinal explants and 6 weeks for glaucoma model), tissue was fixed and processed for immunostaining (GAP43, synaptophysin, mGlu2/3R) and stereological analyses.ResultsThere were visible differences in GAP43, synaptophysin and mGlu2/3R staining between experimental groups. Treatment with peripheral glia increased expression of above proteins both ex vivo and in vivo. Synaptic proteins expression was increased in glial cells treated glaucomatous retinas with mostly within inner plexiform layer, however punctate staining appeared also in ganglion cells layer and retinal nerve fiber layer that might be associated with synaptic plasticity induced by our treatment. Retinal explants analyzed in stereology revealed significant differences expressed in parameters of neurites outgrowth (U‐Mann Whitney test, p < 0.05).ConclusionsTransplantation of in vivo modified peripheral glia support regeneration and might have impact on synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity within inner rat retina.
Human choroidal nevi histopathology revisited
Authors: Madigan M.c. , Vader M. , Ton H. , Van der Velden P. , Jager M.J. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeChoroidal nevi are relatively common lesions seen in normally asymptomatic eyes. They show low potential for progression to melanoma but may produce visual effects depending on location. We investigated vasculature and macrophages in pigmented choroidal nevi using histopathology and immunohistochemistry.Methods340 fixed post mortem adult human eyes with no history of choroidal melanoma were examined. Paraffin sections of eyes were subsequently cut, stained with hematoxylin & eosin or Periodic acid Schiff reagent and histopathology examined. We assessed localisation and distribution of macrophages immunolabelled with CD163 or CD68 antibodies.ResultsThirteen eyes (aged 54–90 years) with 16 pigmented lesions were found. Of these, 15/16 lesions occurred within the posterior pole region. H&E and PAS staining confirmed pigmented choroidal nevi, with a diameter of 1.5–6.8 mm, and thickness <1.5 mm. Lesions were located at varying depths within the choroid, comprised of densely pigmented nevi cells, and with a predominantly oval or dome shape (15/16). Overlying drusen were observed for 8/16 nevi. Large choroidal vessels bordered 11/16 nevi, and normal vessels were seen within nevi, however no microvascular patterns typically associated with melanoma were observed. Larger nevi located just beneath Bruch's membrane were more often associated with choriocapillaris (CC) thinning and RPE disruption. Nevus cells were seen within the CC pillars, abutting Bruch's membrane. Compared to surrounding choroid, numerous CD163+ and CD68+ macrophages (CD163+ >CD68+) were localised within and around nevi, often associated with vessels.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that choroidal nevi can affect normal choroidal vessels including CC integrity. Nevi also share some histopathological characteristics with melanoma, including infiltrating macrophages.