bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZrO2, CaCO3, and Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 Hollow Nanospheres via Gelatin‐stabilized Microemulsions
Authors: Zurmühl Christian , Popescu Radian , Gerthsen Dagmar , Feldmann Claus 
Published: October 2014

AbstractZrO2, CaCO3, and Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 hollow nanospheres are prepared via gelatin‐stabilized microemulsions. ZrO2 and CaCO3 hollow spheres exhibit outer diameters of 10–20 nm, a thickness of the sphere wall of 4 nm and an inner cavity diameter of 6–12 nm; Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 is with outer diameters of 50–60 nm, a wall thickness of 15 nm, and an inner cavity diameter of 25–30 nm. The hollow nanospheres turn out as readily crystalline although prepared at room‐temperature. Gelatin increases the viscosity of the polar micelle phase and thereby reduces the diffusion in the water phase. This measure is essential to obtain hollow spheres and to avoid the formation of massive nanoparticles. All as‐prepared hollow nanospheres are characterized by different electron microscopic techniques (STEM, HRTEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetry (TG), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). In the case of ZrO2, the hollow sphere structure is even maintained after thermal removal of gelatin at 600 °C. Moreover, CO2 sorption analysis shows reversible CO2 uptake of 96 mg·g–1 (80 bar, 50°°C) at a specific surface area of 98 m2·g–1. As the adsorption of N2 is much lower (17 mg·g–1 at 80 bar, 50°°C), the ZrO2 hollow nanospheres can be interesting for CO2‐N2 separation as well as catalytical reactions with CO2. All hollow nanospheres, and especially CaCO3, can become relevant for drug delivery and release.
Respiratory Variation Predicts Optimal Endotracheal Tube Placement for Intra‐operative Nerve Monitoring in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Chambers Kyle J. , Pearse Allison , Coveney Jonathan , Rogers Sarah , Kamani Dipti , Sritharan Niranjan , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundIntra‐operative nerve monitoring (IONM) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroid and parathyroid surgery is thought to aid in identification and dissection of the RLN. While utilization of IONM is increasing, one area of variability in its application is the assessment of adequate endotracheal tube electrode placement for IONM during the case. The main objective of this study is to assess the overall success of utilizing respiratory variation to confirm proper endotracheal tube placement for RLN monitoring.MethodsA prospective study of RLN monitoring during thyroid and parathyroid surgery at an academic referral center.ResultsFifty‐five cases were included. Fifty (91 %) achieved optimal respiratory variation during endotracheal tube position. Five (9 %) required repeat laryngoscopy to confirm correct endotracheal tube placement following patient positioning. For the respiratory variation group, average amplitude achieved during initial vagus, maximum vagus, initial RLN, and maximal RLN was 700 (±474) mA, 921 (±616) mA, 887 (±584) mA, and 1330 (±843) mA during evoked stimulation, respectively. For the repeat laryngoscopy group, average amplitude achieved during initial vagus, maximum vagus, initial RLN, and maximal RLN evoked stimulation was 591 (±364) mA, 959 (±306) mA, 771 (±424) mA, and 1462 (±855) mA during evoked stimulation, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for average initial vagus amplitude (p = 0.62), average maximum vagus amplitude (p = 0.89), average initial RLN amplitude (p = 0.67), or average maximum RLN amplitude (p = 0.74).ConclusionThe findings of this study support the International Neural Monitoring Study Group recommendation that confirmation of endotracheal tube electrode placement be performed either by confirmation of adequate respiratory variation or by repeat direct laryngoscopy.
A novel osmolality-shift fermentation strategy for improving acarbose production and concurrently reducing byproduct component C formation by Actinoplanes sp. A56
Authors: Cheng Xin , Peng Wei-fu , Huang Lin , Zhang Bao , Li Kun-tai 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Component C (Acarviosy-1,4-Glc-1,1-Glc) was a highly structural acarbose analog, which could be largely formed during acarbose fermentation process, resulting in acarbose purification being highly difficult. By choosing osmolality level as the key fermentation parameter of acarbose-producing Actinoplanes sp. A56, this paper successfully established an effective and simplified osmolality-shift strategy to improve acarbose production and concurrently reduce component C formation. Firstly, the effects of various osmolality levels on acarbose fermentation were firstly investigated in a 50-l fermenter. It was found that 400–500 mOsm/kg of osmolality was favorable for acarbose biosynthesis, but would exert a negative influence on the metabolic activity of Actinoplanes sp. A56, resulting in an obviously negative increase of acarbose and a sharp formation of component C during the later stages of fermentation (144–168 h). Based on this fact, an osmolality-shift fermentation strategy (0–48 h: 250–300 mOsm/kg; 49–120 h: 450–500 mOsm/kg; 121–168 h: 250–300 mOsm/kg) was further carried out. Compared with the osmolality-stat (450–500 mOsm/kg) fermentation process, the final accumulation amount of component C was decreased from 498.2 ± 27.1 to 307.2 ± 9.5 mg/l, and the maximum acarbose yield was increased from 3,431.9 ± 107.7 to 4,132.8 ± 111.4 mg/l.
Antenatal Diagnosis of Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Gupta Ashutosh , Aneja Anjila , Mehta Sanjay , Fazal Tauqeer Syed 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIsolated prenatally diagnosed large colonic dilatation in late third trimester raised suspicion of colonic obstruction. On further investigating, after the baby failed to pass meconium after 24 h, with radiograph and barium enema confirmed the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease. Even though the sensitivity and predictability of antenatal ultrasound is limited, prenatally diagnosed colonic dilatation should be investigated further to confirmation of any underlying colonic obstruction and for timely intervention to decompress the dilated loops and to avoid any life threatening complications.
Isolated Absent Ductus Venosus with Intrahepatic Shunt: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Choudhary Rajeev , Choudhary Sandeep Bajaj 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA 28-year-old primigravida with spontaneous conception and no complicating medical illness presented to the authors for an early morphology scan. Her scan was unremarkable with normal nuchal translucency for crown rump length, no stigmata for chromosomal abnormalities and no major detectable structural abnormality. A repeated search for ductus venosus revealed non visualization of the ductus with intrahepatic drainage of the umbilical vein. The karyotype was normal. Fetal echocardiogram, anomaly and serial growth scans were also within normal limits. She developed mild hydramnios in the late third trimester and delivered a normal healthy female child at 37 weeks. Postnatal echocardiogram showed a very small muscular ventricular septal defect. Mild pulmonary stenosis has been diagnosed at the age of 6 months. Ductus venosus is the key regulator of oxygenated blood in fetal life. Absent ductus venosus is associated with multiple structural, chromosomal, cardiac abnormalities partial or complete absence of portal venous system, hydrops and fetal death. In the absence of ductus venosus the umbilical vein may drain normally into the liver (intrahepatic shunt) or may drain in an aberrant location into the systemic circulation (e.g., iliac vein, inferior vena cava, right heart and coronary sinus) creating an extrahepatic shunt. In all the cases of absent ductus venosus, the prognosis depends on the presence or absence of associated abnormalities. In cases of extrahepatic aberrant drainage of the umbilical vein, the prognosis depends upon the presence or absence of portal venous system, abnormal shunt site and shunt diameter. In general, intrahepatic variant has a much better prognosis in the absence of other abnormalities.
Geographical Origin of Post-Landmine Injury Malaria Infections
Authors: Durham Jo , Battle Katherine , Rickart Keith , Shanks G. Dennis 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveIn Cambodia, a highly landmine-contaminated country with endemic malaria, symptomatic falciparum malaria has been observed in patients presenting with traumatic landmine injuries. Because a link between recrudescence of symptomaticPlasmodium falciparummalaria and severe trauma is well established, we explored whether a link could be demonstrated between the geolocation of landmine amputations and malaria cases.MethodLandmine amputation data in Cambodia (2005–2008) were compared with predicted measures of malaria endemicity. Data of injuries that had resulted in amputation were plotted over a surface ofP falciparumparasite rates.ResultsNo statistically significant correlation was found, possibly because theP falciparumendemicity surface was drawn from a model-based geostatistical prediction of infection prevalence and did not distinguish cases of recrudescence. The implication of this finding is that where symptomatic falciparum malaria has been observed in patients with landmine injuries, the cases were likely to be reactivated falciparum infections and not new cases.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to understand the relationship betweenP falciparumand trauma. To distinguishP falciparumrecrudescence from new cases, a prospective registry is needed. Also, practitioners need to be aware of the possibility of post-injury malaria recrudescence in complex emergencies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-5)
On the disturbance evolution downstream of a cylindrical roughness element
Authors: Plogmann B. , Würz W. , Krämer E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRoughness-induced transition is one of the main parameters contributing to performance loss of airfoils. Within this paper, the disturbance evolution downstream of a single, cylindrical roughness element, which is placed in a laminar boundary layer in an airfoil leading edge region, is investigated. The experiments focus on medium height roughness elements with respect to the local boundary layer displacement thickness. Hence, transition is not directly tripped at the roughness element. The roughness diameter is comparable to the streamwise wavelength of the most amplified (linear) disturbance eigenmodes. The vortical structures observed downstream of the roughness are in agreement with previous findings in the literature. In the near roughness wake, a distinct growth of high-frequency (fundamental) modes, that is modes with a high $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}n$-factor at the roughness location, is observed. In the far roughness wake, these fundamental modes recover linear stability characteristics due to a possible relaxation of the mean flow. However, an interaction of particularly two-dimensional fundamental modes and by the roughness interference excited oblique fundamental modes results in an excitation of subharmonic type, low-frequency combination modes, which are associated with a phase-locked interaction mechanism. Depending on the initial growth of the fundamental modes in the near wake, the low-frequency modes can experience a nonlinear growth in the far roughness wake and, thereby, trip turbulence. The fundamental mode growth rate in the near wake in turn is a weak function of the disturbance frequency and of the pressure gradient, whereas it is decisively increasing with the roughness height, that is with the mean flow distortion caused by the roughness.
ON THE MINIMAL PROPERTY OF DE LA VALLÉE POUSSIN’S OPERATOR
Authors: DEREGOWSKA BEATA , LEWANDOWSKA BARBARA 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLet $X={\mathcal{C}}_{0}(2{\it\pi})$ or $X=L_{1}[0,2{\it\pi}]$. Denote by ${\rm\Pi}_{n}$ the space of all trigonometric polynomials of degree less than or equal to $n$. The aim of this paper is to prove the minimality of the norm of de la Vallée Poussin’s operator in the set of generalised projections ${\mathcal{P}}_{{\rm\Pi}_{n}}(X,\,{\rm\Pi}_{2n-1})=\{P\in {\mathcal{L}}(X,{\rm\Pi}_{2n-1}):P|_{{\rm\Pi}_{n}}\equiv \text{id}\}$.
Balloon angioplasty of the bilateral renal arteries by Takayasu arteritis with a paclitaxel-eluting balloon
Authors: Hecht Tobias , Esmaeili Anoosh , Behnke-Hall Kachina 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report about a 12-year-old girl who presented with a blood pressure difference between the extremities with the suspicion of an aortic coarctation. After imaging and laboratory tests, the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis was made. Owing to persistent arterial hypertension despite medical treatment, we initiated a treatment with a balloon angioplasty of the renal arteries with an eluting balloon.
UIMA Ruta: Rapid development of rule-based information extraction applications
Authors: KLUEGL PETER , TOEPFER MARTIN , BECK PHILIP-DANIEL , FETTE GEORG , PUPPE FRANK 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRule-based information extraction is an important approach for processing the increasingly available amount of unstructured data. The manual creation of rule-based applications is a time-consuming and tedious task, which requires qualified knowledge engineers. The costs of this process can be reduced by providing a suitable rule language and extensive tooling support. This paper presents UIMA Ruta, a tool for rule-based information extraction and text processing applications. The system was designed with focus on rapid development. The rule language and its matching paradigm facilitate the quick specification of comprehensible extraction knowledge. They support a compact representation while still providing a high level of expressiveness. These advantages are supplemented by the development environment UIMA Ruta Workbench. It provides, in addition to extensive editing support, essential assistance for explanation of rule execution, introspection, automatic validation, and rule induction. UIMA Ruta is a useful tool for academia and industry due to its open source license. We compare UIMA Ruta to related rule-based systems especially concerning the compactness of the rule representation, the expressiveness, and the provided tooling support. The competitiveness of the runtime performance is shown in relation to a popular and freely-available system. A selection of case studies implemented with UIMA Ruta illustrates the usefulness of the system in real-world scenarios.
Novel directions for G × E analysis in psychiatry
Authors: Vinkhuyzen A. A. E. , Wray N. R. 
Published: October 2014

G × E in psychiatry may explain why environmental risk factors have big impact in some individuals but not in others, and conversely why relatives that are genetically at risk for disease do not all develop disease. Here we discuss two novel methods that use an aggregate genome-wide measure of genetic risk to detect G × E and estimate its effect in the population using data currently available and data we anticipate will be available in the near future. The first method exploits summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies ignorant of the environmental conditions and detects G × E in an out-of-sample risk-profiling framework. The second method relies on larger samples and is based on a mixed linear model framework. It estimates variance explained directly from single nucleotide polymorphisms and environmental measures. Both methods have great potential to improve public health interventions focusing on risk-based screening that is informed by both genetic and environmental risk factors.
In Situ Atom Scale Visualization of Domain Wall Dynamics in VO2 Insulator-Metal Phase Transition
Authors: He Xinfeng , Xu Tao , Xu Xiaofeng , Zeng Yijie , Xu Jing , Sun Litao , Wang Chunrui , Xing Huaizhong , Wu Binhe , Lu Aijiang , Liu Dingquan , Chen Xiaoshuang , Chu Junhao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA domain wall, as a device, can bring about a revolution in developing manipulation of semiconductor heterostructures devices at the atom scale. However, it is a challenge for these new devices to control domain wall motion through insulator-metal transition of correlated-electron materials. To fully understand and harness this motion, it requires visualization of domain wall dynamics in real space. Here, domain wall dynamics in VO2 insulator-metal phase transition was observed directly by in situ TEM at atom scale. Experimental results depict atom scale evolution of domain morphologies and domain wall exact positions in (202) and (040) planes referring to rutile structure at 50°C. In addition, microscopic mechanism of domain wall dynamics and accurate lattice basis vector relationship of two domains were investigated with the assistance of X-ray diffraction, ab initio calculations and image simulations. This work offers a route to atom scale tunable heterostructure device application.
A crowd-sourcing approach for the construction of species-specific cell signaling networks
Authors: Bilal Erhan , Sakellaropoulos Theodore , Participants Challenge , Melas Ioannis N. , Messinis Dimitris E. , Belcastro Vincenzo , Rhrissorrakrai Kahn , Meyer Pablo , Norel Raquel , Iskandar Anita , Blaese Elise , Rice John J. , Peitsch Manuel C. , Hoeng Julia , Stolovitzky Gustavo , Alexopoulos Leonidas G. , Poussin Carine 
Published: October 2014

Motivation: Animal models are important tools in drug discovery and for understanding human biology in general. However, many drugs that initially show promising results in rodents fail in later stages of clinical trials. Understanding the commonalities and differences between human and rat cell signaling networks can lead to better experimental designs, improved allocation of resources and ultimately better drugs.
Results: The sbv IMPROVER Species-Specific Network Inference challenge was designed to use the power of the crowds to build two species-specific cell signaling networks given phosphoproteomics, transcriptomics and cytokine data generated from NHBE and NRBE cells exposed to various stimuli. A common literature-inspired reference network with 220 nodes and 501 edges was also provided as prior knowledge from which challenge participants could add or remove edges but not nodes. Such a large network inference challenge not based on synthetic simulations but on real data presented unique difficulties in scoring and interpreting the results. Because any prior knowledge about the networks was already provided to the participants for reference, novel ways for scoring and aggregating the results were developed. Two human and rat consensus networks were obtained by combining all the inferred networks. Further analysis showed that major signaling pathways were conserved between the two species with only isolated components diverging, as in the case of ribosomal S6 kinase RPS6KA1. Overall, the consensus between inferred edges was relatively high with the exception of the downstream targets of transcription factors, which seemed more difficult to predict.
Contact: ebilal@us.ibm.com or gustavo@us.ibm.com.
Supplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Unusual Presentation of Chikungunya Virus Infection With Concomintant Erysipelas in a Returning Traveler From the Caribbean: A Case Report
Authors: Schechter Marcos C. , Workowski Kimberly A. , Fairley Jessica K. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne febrile illness caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus from the Togaviridae family. It is transmitted by primarily Aedes aegytpi and Aedes albopictus mosquitos [1]. Once of little importance in the Americas, local transmission was identified in the Caribbean in late 2013. More than 1000 travelers returning to the continental United States have been diagnosed with CHIKV. More importantly, there have been 9 documented cases of autochthonous disease in Florida as of September 16, 2014 [2].
The Functional Theory of Political Campaign Communication
Authors: Benoit William L. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This chapter begins by arguing for the importance of election campaigns. Next, it describes the Functional Theory of Political Campaign Discourse. Assumptions, key concepts, and predictions are discussed. The chapter then summarizes the research that has applied this theory to a wide variety of election campaign messages: US president (primary and general), non-presidential (Senate, House, gubernatorial, mayoral), non-US TV spots and debates, and news coverage of election campaigns. The three functions – acclaims, attacks, and defenses – and the two topics – policy and character – are discussed. The chapter discusses effects of campaign phase and incumbency on candidate messages. Finally, this chapter addresses limitations of this theory and directions for future research.
How to Think Normatively About News and Democracy
Authors: Schudson Michael 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Journalism serves multiple democratic functions identified here as information, investigation, analysis, social empathy, public forum, mobilization, and democratic education. All help make representative democracy a better system than direct democracy and not just an attenuated direct democracy. New thinking in political theory emphasizes this and insists that the agents of representation in modern democracy are not just legislatures but a wide variety of civil society monitors of government, including of course the press, whose role in defining contemporary democracy deserves more attention in the effort to place the news media’s democratic role in perspective. Within this framework, an attempt is made to outline criteria for assessing the adequacy of the news media for serving democracy. These include not only the much studied and counted legal and political guarantees of freedom but also journalistic professionalism and values, diversity of perspectives available in the news system, and access to government information.