bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitroxide mediated synthesis of low dispersity random copolymers for low‐loss optical waveguides
Authors: Wang Zi Jun , Maric Milan 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTCandidate materials for low‐loss optical waveguides based on poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ran‐pentafluostyrene) [P(GMA‐ran‐PFS)] copolymers were synthesized by nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) initiated with BlocBuilder® [N‐(2‐methylpropyl)‐N‐(1‐diethlphosphono‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl)‐O‐(2‐carboxylprop‐2‐yl) hydroxylamine] bearing a succinimidyl ester group (NHS‐BlocBuilder) at 90 °C in 1,4 dioxane. The copolymerizations yielded copolymers with low dispersity Mw/Mn between 1.2 and 1.4. The core structure of single‐mode channel waveguides was fabricated by direct UV lithographic patterning. The copolymers with low Mw/Mn resulted in line width roughness (LWR) of about 0.16 μm, whereas LWR of copolymers with Mw/Mn=3.5 but similar compositions was about 0.5 μm. The improvement in microstructural control allotted by NMP permitted finer pattern replication for copolymers desired for optical waveguides, as suggested for photoresist polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2970–2978
Synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogels and their swelling/shrinking response to molecular recognition
Authors: Tominaga Yuichi , Kubo Takuya , Sueyoshi Kenji , Hosoya Ken , Otsuka Koji 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTTo synthesize the novel molecular‐ and pH‐stimulus‐responsive hydrogel, we prepared poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogel containing ionic groups. We evaluated the fundamental swelling/shrinking properties of the hydrogels synthesized by various conditions. Decreasing the molecular weight of a crosslinker provided the increasing of the equilibrium swelling ratio. Also, the equilibrium swelling ratio was changed by the introduction of functional ionic monomers and its compositions. Furthermore, the swelling/shrinking behaviors of the hydrogels were affected by the environmental condition of aqueous solution, in fact the hydrogels were considerably shrunk (to one‐fifth volume) using a di‐ionic solute in the aqueous solution through the ionic interactions between the hydrogel and the solutes. Additionally, the specific shrinking to diamine compounds was also observed in response to pH change. These results clearly show the swelling/shrinking responsibility of the hydrogels toward the molecular recognitions and its pH conditions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3153–3158
Seleno‐containing poly(vinyl acetate) prepared by diselenocarbonates‐mediated controlled free radical polymerizations
Authors: Ma Fei , Zhu Jian , Zhang Zhengbiao , Pan Xiangqiang , Zhou Nianchen , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe living free radical polymerizations of vinyl acetate (VAc) were successfully achieved in the presence of a novel organic selenium compound (diselenocarbonates), with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. The living characteristics of the VAc polymerization were confirmed by the linear first‐order kinetic plots and linear increase of molecular weights (Mn) of the polymers with monomer conversions, while keeping the relatively low molecular weight distributions. In addition, the end of the polymers contains selenium element which may be useful in biotechnological and biomedical applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3159–3165
Dendron–polymer conjugates via the diels–alder “click” reaction of novel anthracene‐based dendrons
Authors: Gok Ozgul , Yigit Sezin , Merve Kose Meliha , Sanyal Rana , Sanyal Amitav 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTDiblock and triblock dendron–polymer conjugates containing biodegradable polyester dendron blocks and polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer were synthesized using the Diels–Alder “click” cycloaddition reaction. PEG polymers with furan‐protected maleimide functionality were synthesized and reacted with biodegradable polyester dendrons containing an anthracene moiety at their focal point. First through third generations of biodegradable polyester dendrons containing an anthracene unit at their focal point were synthesized using a divergent strategy. Efficient conjugation of the dendrons to polymers was demonstrated using 1HNMR and size exclusion chromatography. This modular approach provides an easy access to the design of multivalent PEG conjugates. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3191–3201
Solving the Multidisciplinary Robust Parameter Design Problem for Mixed Type Quality Characteristics under Asymmetric Conditions
Authors: Boylan Gregory L. , Cho Byung Rae 
Published: April 2013

Quality practitioners often identify robust parameter design (RPD) as one of the most important and effective methods for process and quality improvement. Within this framework, identifying the optimal factor settings that achieve desired process targets with minimum variance is critical and can translate to significant reductions in product waste and processing costs. In solving this problem, most traditional RPD models consider only a single quality characteristic of interest. However, products are often judged by multiple quality characteristics, which often have conflicting objectives. Conventional RPD models that address the multi‐response problem typically only examine like‐type cases, and those that consider mixed types of quality characteristics often overlook any asymmetry that is likely to exist in certain types.In contrast, this article proposes a multidisciplinary RPD methodology that provides an enhanced approach for modeling multiple, mixed type quality characteristics; uses the skew normal distribution to allow for a fuller and more accurate representation of asymmetric system properties and to facilitate simultaneous modeling of both symmetric and asymmetric conditions; and implements a priority‐based optimization scheme that affords engineers' and decision makers' flexibility in establishing and modifying optimization priorities. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the proposed methodology, and the results are compared traditional approaches to illustrate potential improvements. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure and efficient integration of big data for multi‐cells based on micro images
Authors: Yin Xin , Sun Yaqiu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInformation of multi‐cells is big data because of the enormous quantities of various cells as well as their parameters and status. To securely and efficiently integrate all the cells' information and trace multi‐cells are challenging due to varying number of the multi‐cells, as well as the complicacy of the multi‐cells' movement. In this paper, an automatic big data integration algorithm based on the optical transfer function is proposed. The experimental results show that the algorithm can securely and efficiently integrate all the cell information and simultaneously track a large quantity of cells. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Linux kernel: a case study of build system variability
Authors: Nadi Sarah , Holt Ric 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYAlthough build systems control what code gets compiled into the final built product, they are often overlooked when studying software variability. The Linux kernel is one of the biggest open source software systems supporting variability and contains over 10,000 configurable features described in its Kconfig files. To understand the role of the build system in variability implementation, we use Linux as a case study. We study its build system, Kbuild, and extract the variability constraints in its Makefiles. We first provide a quantitative analysis of the variability in Kbuild. We then study how the variability constraints in the build system affect variability anomalies detected in Linux. We concentrate on dead and undead artifacts, and by extending previous work, we show that considering build system variability constraints allows more anomalies to be detected. We provide examples of such anomalies on both the code block and source file level. Our work shows that Kbuild contains a large percentage of the variability information in Linux, so it should not be ignored during variability analysis. Nonetheless, the anomalies we find suggest that variability on the file level in Kbuild is consistent with Kconfig, whereas the constraints on the code level are harder to keep consistent with both Kbuild and Kconfig. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multipotent Stromal Cells Alleviate Inflammation, Neuropathology, and Symptoms Associated with Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy in the Twitcher Mouse
Authors: Scruggs Brittni A. , Zhang Xiujuan , Bowles Annie C. , Gold Peter A. , Semon Julie A. , Fisher-Perkins Jeanne M. , Zhang Shijia , Bonvillain Ryan W. , Myers Leann , Li Su Chen , Kalueff Allan V. , Bunnell Bruce A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGloboid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a common neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in galactocerebrosidase (GALC), an enzyme that cleaves galactocerebroside during myelination. Bone marrow transplantation has shown promise when administered to late-onset GLD patients. However, the side effects (e.g., graft vs. host disease), harsh conditioning regimens (e.g., myelosuppression), and variable therapeutic effects make this an unsuitable option for infantile GLD patients. We previously reported modest improvements in the twitcher mouse model of GLD after intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of a low-dose of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). Goals of this study were to improve bone marrow-derived MSC (BMSC) therapy for GLD by increasing the cell dosage and comparing cell type (e.g., transduced vs. native), treatment timing (e.g., single vs. weekly), and administration route (e.g., ICV vs. intraperitoneal [IP]). Neonatal twitcher mice received (a) 2 × 105 BMSCs by ICV injection, (b) 1 × 106 BMSCs by IP injection, (c) weekly IP injections of 1 × 106 BMSCs, or (d) 1 × 106 lentiviral-transduced BMSCs overexpressing GALC (GALC-BMSC) by IP injection. All treated mice lived longer than untreated mice. However, the mice receiving peripheral MSC therapy had improved motor function (e.g., hind limb strength and rearing ability), twitching symptoms, and weight compared to both the untreated and ICV-treated mice. Inflammatory cell, globoid cell, and apoptotic cell levels in the sciatic nerves were significantly decreased as a result of the GALC-BMSC or weekly IP injections. The results of this study indicate a promising future for peripheral MSC therapy as a noninvasive, adjunct therapy for patients affected with GLD.
Modeling and simulation in engineering
Authors: Sahinoglu Mehmet 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis review article will explore the innovative and popular theme of engineering modeling and simulation, predominantly in the manufacturing industry and cybersecurity world, citing severe challenges, advantages and time‐ and budget saving solutions and its future. The power of simulation is not an exaggeration but an understatement. The favorable outcomes since the advent of digital computers and software revolution could not have been achieved, especially without the multiple benefits of statistical simulation, which underlies the widespread use of modeling and simulation in engineering and sciences, stretching from A (Astronomy) to Z (Zoology). This refers not only to research findings in verifying a certain piece of theory, such as that of the recently discovered Higgs Boson, but in testing new products to innovate new discoveries so as to make our universe a more peaceful place by modeling and simulating the future projects and taking precautions before disasters occur. The review explores a cross section of engineering modeling and simulation practices illustrating a window of numerical examples. WIREs Comput Stat 2013, 5:239–266. doi: 10.1002/wics.1254This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Random Number Generation
Statistical Models > Simulation Models
A coupled agronomic‐economic model to consider allocation of brackish irrigation water
Authors: Ben‐Gal Alon , Weikard Hans‐Peter , Shah Syed Hamid Hussain , van der Zee Sjoerd E. A. T. M. 
Published: April 2013

Key Points
A sequential water use model with scarcity, inefficiency and saline return
Marginal value of water is computed according to scarcity, salinity and loss
Water management benefits increase with salinity level and evaporative losses
Temporal and spatial scaling of hydraulic response to recharge in fractured aquifers: Insights from a frequency domain analysis
Authors: Jiménez‐Martínez Joaquín , Longuevergne Laurent , Le Borgne Tanguy , Davy Philippe , Russian Anna , Bour Olivier 
Published: April 2013

Key Points
Frequency domain analysis in fractured aquifers
Temporal and spatial scaling in fractures aquifers
Hydraulic parameters at large scale and aquifer recharge mechanisms
Influence of Type of Mesh Fixation in Endoscopic Totally Extraperitoneal Hernia Repair (TEP) on Long‐term Quality of Life
Authors: Horisberger K. , Jung M. K. , Zingg U. , Schöb O. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic total extraperitoneal mesh repair (TEP) of inguinal hernia has become well accepted with low recurrence and high patient satisfaction rates. However, inguinal pain has also been reported. Source of this pain has been suggested to be the fixation method, especially the use of tacks. Introduction of fibrin glue and absorbable tacks were suggested to lower chronic pain and inguinal discomfort rates. This study analyses the different methods of fixation.Patients and Methods201 patients were analysed. Primary end‐points were patients’ satisfaction, health‐related quality of life, and specific inguinal conditions (e.g. pulling, swelling, troubles at coughing). Secondary endpoints were duration of operation, length of hospital stay, and material costs.ResultsFibrin glue was used in 101 patients and tacks in 100 patients, in 21 of those absorbable tacks. Patients were fully satisfied with the results in more than 90%, irrespective of the fixation method. Health‐related quality of life along the SF‐12® questionnaire attested no differences. Inguinal pulling occurred significantly more often after fibrin glue (25.7 %) than after tack fixation (11 %; p = 0.026), whereas no differences in the other specific inguinal sensations occurred.ConclusionMesh fixation in TEP can be performed either by tacks or by fibrin glue with similar long‐term results concerning satisfaction, health‐related quality of life, and pain. No advantage of fibrin glue could be found, in fact, a higher percentage of patients had inguinal pulling and burning sensations after the use of fibrin glue. The use of absorbable tacks showed no advantage.
Recognizing internet addiction: Prevalence and relationship to academic achievement in adolescents enrolled in urban and rural Greek high schools
Authors: Stavropoulos Vasilis , Alexandraki Kiriaki , Motti‐Stefanidi Frosso 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis study aims: a) to estimate the prevalence of internet addiction among adolescents of urban and rural areas in Greece, b) to examine whether the Internet Addiction Test cut‐off point is applicable to them and c) to investigate the phenomenon's association with academic achievement. Participants were 2090 adolescents (mean age 16, 1036 males, 1050 females). Young's (1998) Internet Addiction Test and her Diagnostic Questionnaire were applied. School records' grades were retrieved. A 3.1% prevalence revealed, while boys {F (1, 1642) = 6.207, p < .05}, urban residents {F (1, 1642) = 5.53, p > .05} and academic track high school students {F (1, 1642) = 5.30, p < .05} were at higher risk. An Internet Addiction Test score of 51 points (sample's mean = 27.69, SD = 17.38) was proposed as the optimal cut‐off point combining high sensitivity (98%) and specificity (91%). Finally, findings illustrated the syndrome's relation to worse academic achievement {F (1, 1725) = 0.93, p > .05}.
Effects of high nutrient intake on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and immune function of neonatal intra-uterine growth-retarded pigs
Authors: Han Fei , Hu Liang , Xuan Yue , Ding Xuemei , Luo Yuheng , Bai Shiping , He Shuying , Zhang Keying , Che Lianqiang 
Published: April 2013

Intra-uterine growth-retarded (IUGR) neonates have shown an impairment of postnatal intestinal development and function. We hypothesised that the immune function of IUGR neonates might be affected by increased nutrient intake (NI) during the suckling period. Therefore, we investigated the effects of high NI (HNI) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and immunological response of IUGR and normal-birth weight (NBW) piglets. A total of twelve pairs of IUGR and NBW piglets (7 d old) were randomly assigned to two different nutrient-level formula milk groups. After 21 d of rearing, growth performance, the composition of peripheral leucocytes, serum cytokines and intestinal innate immune-related genes involved in the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4–myeloid differentiation factor 88–NF-κB pathway were determined. The results indicated that IUGR decreased the average daily DM intake (ADMI) and the average daily growth (ADG). However, the ADMI and ADG were increased by HNI, irrespective of body weight. Likewise, serum cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and ileal gene expressions (TLR-4, TLR-9, TRAF-6 and IL-1β) were lower in IUGR piglets, whereas HNI significantly increased blood lymphocyte percentage and serum IL-10 concentrations, but decreased neutrophil percentage, serum IL-1β concentrations and ileal gene expressions (NF-κB and IL-1β). Furthermore, IUGR piglets with HNI exhibited lower serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β than NBW piglets, and these alterations in the immune traits of IUGR piglets receiving HNI were accompanied by decreasing ileal gene expressions of TLR-4, TLR-9, NF-κB and IL-1β that are related to innate immunity. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that increased NI during the suckling period impaired the immune function of neonatal piglets with IUGR.
PIERRE BOULEZ'S ‘SUR INCISES’: REFRACTION, CRYSTALLISATION AND THE ABSENT IDEA(L)
Authors: Coult Tom 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSur Incises, first performed in 1998, is the most recent major work by Pierre Boulez, but there has been very little published writing discussing it, although Boulez himself discussed the piece in a lecture released on DVD. Like many of his recent works, Sur Incises reworks existing material – taking the short piano piece Incises and expanding it into a large-scale work for three pianos, three harps and three percussionists. This article examines how the gestures, harmonies and even the instrumentation of the earlier piece are ‘refracted’ – presented in multiple overlaid versions as if a prism had revealed the possibilities inherent in the original material. Sur Incises is discussed with reference to common concerns in Boulez's work since the 1970s – its use of quasi-thematic ‘signals’ to mark structure, its use of luxurious harmonic fields and chord multiplication, its virtuosic toccata material, and its use of the SACHER hexachord.
BAYESIAN HIERARCHICAL META-ANALYSIS MODEL FOR MEDICAL DEVICE EVALUATION: APPLICATION TO INTRACRANIAL STENTS
Authors: Pibouleau Leslie , Chevret Sylvie 
Published: April 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to propose a statistical model that takes into account clinical data on earlier versions when evaluating the latest version of an implantable medical device (IMD).Methods: We compared the performances of a Bayesian three-level hierarchical meta-analysis model with those of a Bayesian random-effects model through a simulation study. Posterior mean estimates of the success rate for each IMD version were computed as well as the probability that the latest version improved in effectiveness. Models were compared using the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC), the estimated bias and the standard deviation of the mean success rates. Sensitivity analyses to the choice of the priors were performed. These methods were applied to the evaluation of an intracranial stent used to treat wide-necked aneurysms.Results: When IMD versions did not differ in effectiveness, the best-fitting model was the random-effects model. By contrast, when there was a version effect, the hierarchical model was selected in more than 95 percent of the cases. It provided precise estimations of success rates of each IMD version and allowed detecting an improvement in effectiveness of the latest version, with a low influence of the choice of the priors. No evidence of benefit from the latest version of the intracranial stent was found.Conclusions: In the setting of IMD assessment, comparison of DIC between the two proposed models appeared useful for detecting version effects. In that case, Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis model may help the decision maker by providing useful information on the latest version of IMD compared with the previous versions.
X-ray diffraction imaging for predictive metrology of crack propagation in 450-mm diameter silicon wafers
Authors: Tanner B.K. , Wittge J. , Vagovič P. , Baumbach T. , Allen D. , McNally P.J. , Bytheway R. , Jacques D. , Fossati M.C. , Bowen D.K. , Garagorri J. , Elizalde M.R. , Danilewsky A.N. 
Published: April 2013

The apparatus for X-ray diffraction imaging (XRDI) of 450-mm wafers, is now placed at the ANKA synchrotron radiation source in Karlsruhe, is described in the context of the drive to inspect wafers for plastic deformation or mechanical damage. It is shown that full wafer maps at high resolution can be expected to take a few hours to record. However, we show from experiments on 200-, 300-, and 450-mm wafers that a perimeter-scan on a 450-mm wafer, to pick up edge damage and edge-originated slip sources, can be achieved in just over 10 min. Experiments at the Diamond Light Source, on wafers still in their cassettes, suggest that clean-room conditions may not be necessary for such characterization. We conclude that scaling up of the 300-mm format Jordan Valley tools, together with the existing facility at ANKA, provides satisfactory capability for future XRDI analysis of 450-mm wafers.