bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children of the occupation: A decade after the invasion
Authors: Ismael Jacqueline S. , Ismael Shereen T. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article covers a 23-year period, from 1990 to 2013, to describe the systematic degradation in the quality of life that children born in Iraq over this period were subjected to by global geopolitical machinations. The period is broken into three successive stages – sanctions, invasion and post-military occupation – to describe the process of occupation and its impact on infants and children. The statistics that were regularly published by international agencies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) throughout the process showed the plight of Iraqi children as innocent victims of global policies known to the policy-makers.
High Order Numerical Methods for Fractional Terminal Value Problems
Authors: Ford Neville J. , Morgado Maria L. , Rebelo Magda 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.
In this paper we present a shooting algorithm to solve fractional terminal
(or boundary) value problems. We provide a convergence analysis of the
numerical method, derived based upon properties of the equation
being solved and without the need to impose smoothness conditions on
the solution. The work is a sequel to our recent investigation where we
constructed a nonpolynomial collocation method for the approximation of the
solution to fractional initial value problems. Here we show that the method can
be adapted for the effective approximation of the solution of terminal value
problems. Moreover, we compare the efficiency of this numerical scheme against other existing methods.
On the Chow motive of an abelian scheme with non-trivial endomorphisms
Authors: Moonen Ben 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Let X be an abelian scheme over a base variety S, with endomorphism algebra D. We prove that the relative Chow motive

R
(
X
/
S
)

$R(X/S)$

has a canonical decomposition as a direct sum of motives

R

(
ξ
)

$R^{(\xi )}$

where ξ runs over an explicitly determined finite set of irreducible representations of the group

D

o
p
,
*

$D^{\textup {op},*}$

, such that

R

(
ξ
)

$R^{(\xi )}$

, seen as a functor from Chow motives to

D

o
p
,
*

$D^{\textup {op},*}$

-representations, is ξ-isotypic. Our decomposition refines the motivic decomposition of Deninger and Murre, as well as Beauville's decomposition of the Chow group.
The second main result is that we construct a canonical generalized motivic Lefschetz decomposition. Inspired by work of Looijenga and Lunts in
[Invent. Math. 129 (1997), 361–412], the role of

𝔰𝔩
2

$\mathfrak {sl}_2$

in the classical theory is here replaced by a larger Lie algebra, generated by all Lefschetz and Lambda operators associated to non-degenerate line bundles. We construct an action of this larger Lie algebra on

R
(
X
/
S
)

$R(X/S)$

and deduce from this a generalized Lefschetz decomposition. We also give a precise structure result for the Lefschetz components that arise.
As an application of our techniques, we provide a positive answer to a question of Claire Voisin concerning the analogue for abelian varieties of a conjecture of Beauville.
Applications of Population Genetics to Animal Breeding, from Wright, Fisher and Lush to Genomic Prediction
Authors: Hill William G 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Although animal breeding was practiced long before the science of genetics and the relevant disciplines of population and quantitative genetics were known, breeding programs have mainly relied on simply selecting and mating the best individuals on their own or relatives’ performance. This is based on sound quantitative genetic principles, developed and expounded by Lush, who attributed much of his understanding to Wright, and formalized in Fisher’s infinitesimal model. Analysis at the level of individual loci and gene frequency distributions has had relatively little impact. Now with access to genomic data, a revolution in which molecular information is being used to enhance response with “genomic selection” is occurring. The predictions of breeding value still utilize multiple loci throughout the genome and, indeed, are largely compatible with additive and specifically infinitesimal model assumptions. I discuss some of the history and genetic issues as applied to the science of livestock improvement, which has had and continues to have major spin-offs into ideas and applications in other areas.
Genetic Control of Wiring Specificity in the Fly Olfactory System
Authors: Hong Weizhe , Luo Liqun 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Precise connections established between pre- and postsynaptic partners during development are essential for the proper function of the nervous system. The olfactory system detects a wide variety of odorants and processes the information in a precisely connected neural circuit. A common feature of the olfactory systems from insects to mammals is that the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing the same odorant receptor make one-to-one connections with a single class of second-order olfactory projection neurons (PNs). This represents one of the most striking examples of targeting specificity in developmental neurobiology. Recent studies have uncovered central roles of transmembrane and secreted proteins in organizing this one-to-one connection specificity in the olfactory system. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of how this wiring specificity is genetically controlled and focus on the mechanisms by which transmembrane and secreted proteins regulate different stages of the Drosophila olfactory circuit assembly in a coordinated manner. We also discuss how combinatorial coding, redundancy, and error-correcting ability could contribute to constructing a complex neural circuit in general.
A Limit Law of Almost l-partite Graphs
Authors: Koponen Vera 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFor integers l ≥ 1, d ≥ 0 we study (undirected) graphs with vertices 1, …, n such that the vertices can be partitioned into l parts such that every vertex has at most d neighbours in its own part. The set of all such graphs is denoted Pn (l, d). We prove a labelled first-order limit law, i.e., for every first-order sentence φ, the proportion of graphs in Pn (l, d) that satisfy φ converges as n → ∞. By combining this result with a result of Hundack, Prömel and Steger [12] we also prove that if 1 ≤ s1 ≤ … ≤ sl are integers, then Forb() has a labelled first-order limit law, where Forb() denotes the set of all graphs with vertices 1, …, n, for some n, in which there is no subgraph isomorphic to the complete (l + 1 )-partite graph with parts of sizes 1, s1, …, sl. In the course of doing this we also prove that there exists a first-order formula ξ, depending only on l and d, such that the proportion of ∈ Pn (l, d) with the following property approaches 1 as n → ∞: there is a unique partition of {1, …, n} into l parts such that every vertex has at most d neighbours in its own part, and this partition, viewed as an equivalence relation, is defined by ξ.
Exact boundary controllability of coupled hyperbolic equations
Authors: Avdonin Sergei , Choque Rivero Abdon , Teresa Luz De 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
We study the exact boundary controllability of two coupled one dimensional wave equations with a control acting only in one equation. The problem is transformed into a moment problem. This framework has been used in control theory of distributed parameter systems since the classical works of A.G. Butkovsky, H.O. Fattorini and D.L. Russell in the late 1960s to the early 1970s. We use recent results on the Riesz basis property of exponential divided differences.
Using a graph grammar system in the finite element method
Authors: Strug Barbara , Paszynśka Anna , Paszynśki Maciej , Grabska Ewa 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper presents a system of Composite Graph Grammars (CGGs)modelling adaptive two dimensional hp Finite Element Method (hp-FEM) algorithms with rectangular finite elements. A computational mesh is represented by a composite graph. The operations performed over the mesh are defined by the graph grammar rules. The CGG system contains different graph grammars defining different kinds of rules of mesh transformations. These grammars allow one to generate the initial mesh, assign values to element nodes and perform h- and p-adaptations. The CGG system is illustrated with an example from the domain of geophysics.
POSSIBILITIES OF INFLUENCING THE RESULTS ON PERFORMANCE AND HEALTH OF CALVES WITH BIOPOLYM PREPARAT
Authors: Čermák Bohuslav , Hnisová Jana , Petrášková Eva , Pejchová Kamila , Šoch Miloslav , Vostoupal Bohuslav , Tucu Dumitru 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The two farms were conducted experiments with added preparation Biopolym FZT for rearing calves. Additions were applied in the operating conditions where the first farm was gradually calves continuously supplemented to the barn. On the other farm was loading section, and after three months, the calves are picked once. Experimental groups were added preparation Biopolym FZT to supply water for the entire group. The first attempt to farm the results were not significant due to the occurrence of diarrheal disease. In the second company in the experimental group were found higher weight + 0,141kg/day gains than control groups. Between the detected blood parameters in the control and experimental groups was not statistically significant. The results were within the reference range. The tendency Impairment of copper in the blood heifers are similar within the region and in the future could have an adverse effect on reproductive performance. On the data logger ammonia and carbon dioxide, located in the barn were no significant differences in measured values. Values of N-compounds in the feces of calves in both were statistically significant. There was a certain tendency in reducing the average values of N-compounds in experimental groups of calves.
EVALUATION MICROCLIMATE IN THE STABLE NATIONAL STUD FARM IN KLADRUBY NAD LABEM
Authors: Kalíšek Jan , Knížková Ivana , Ondr Pavel , Šoch Miloslav 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The measurement of temperature, humidity and dew point in the selected stable, and for the comparison also in the courtyard, took place continuously from 1.4.2011 to 31.3.2012. Because of its technical demands, the measurement of stable gases took place roughly 1x in a month and that in the 24 h cycle. This work should answer the questions, how much is the stable microclimate dependent on the ambient environment - current weather, whether there are suitable conditions in the stables of National Stud-Farm in Kladruby nad Labem with respect to the welfare of horses, how much is the concentration of stable gases in enclosed areas according to the presence of horses changing and, possibly, how much affects the horse breeding the environment.
Gaussian Integers
Authors: Futa Yuichi , Okazaki Hiroyuki , Mizushima Daichi , Shidama Yasunari 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Gaussian integer is one of basic algebraic integers. In this article we formalize some definitions about Gaussian integers [27]. We also formalize ring (called Gaussian integer ring), Z-module and Z-algebra generated by Gaussian integer mentioned above. Moreover, we formalize some definitions about Gaussian rational numbers and Gaussian rational number field. Then we prove that the Gaussian rational number field and a quotient field of the Gaussian integer ring are isomorphic.
Effect of manipulated sex ratio on insemination of the red mason bee Osmia bicornis L. under net cage conditions
Authors: Fliszkiewicz Monika , Langowska Aleksandra , Tryjanowski Piotr 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The red mason bee Osmia bicornis L. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) is a solitary gregarious species that is known to be a good pollinator of pear, apple, and several other Rosaceae fruit plants. Mainly females are active in plant pollination, and therefore they are of strong interest to farmers. As natural populations are usually male biased, here we studied the possibility of rearing a female-biased population of Osmia bicornis by examining the effects of sex ratio changes on female survival, insemination rate, and sperm count in the spermatheca. Using bees that had completed their winter diapause and were maintained in flying cages, we created three groups with different male:female sex ratios: 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The 1:3 sex-ratio group exhibited the best survival of females, but the lowest spermathecae sperm count. The insemination rate did not differ between groups. Our results indicate that-at least among bees housed in isolator cages for plant breeding- skewing the sex ratio towards more females does not affect bee survival, and efficient insemination can be expected with twice as many females as males.
Genetic characterization of the cyprian honey bee (Apis mellifera cypria) based on microsatell ites and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms
Authors: Papachristoforou Alexandros , Rortais Agnès , Bouga Maria , Arnold Gérard , Garnery Lionel 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Honey bee populations from the island of Cyprus were analyzed using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers. A total of 268 colonies were sampled in Cyprus, at six different locations-Kyrenia, Katydata, Flassou, Alabra, Troulloi, and Alassa-covering a wide area of the island. Results showed that the Cyprian honey bee Apis mellifera cypria could be distinguished from other Apis mellifera subspecies based on a „double pattern“ of mitochondrial DNA belonging to the C1 lineage and microsatellite DNA belonging to the O lineage. All populations were homogeneous, except the population from Kyrenia, probably due to the introduction of queens or colonies belonging to the C2, C6, and M7 lineages.
SELECTION OF SPECIFIC SINGLE CHAIN VARIABLE FRAGMENTS (SCFV) AGAINST POLYMYXA BETAE FROM PHAGE DISPLAY LIBRARIES
Authors: Safarnejad Mohammad Reza , Safarpour Hossein , Shahryari Fatemeh , Basirat Marzieh , Tabatabaei Meisam , Kordenaeej Alaeddin , Naji Amir Mohammad , Kakouienejad Mojdeh 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Sugar beet is one of the most important industrial crops in Iran. For the last two decades it has been mainly affected by a destructive virus, beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). The Polymyxa betae is the only natural transmitting agent of the disease among the plants. Developing accurate diagnostic methods may have a major impact on the rising of resistant germplasms. In the present study, specific monoclonal recombinant antibodies in the form of single chain variable fragments (scFv) were obtained from naïve phage display libraries. The fungus specific glutathione-S-transferase (GST) protein was chosen as an antigen for developing antibodies and diagnostic purposes. To generate specific scFv, screening of Tomlinson phage display libraries was performed by applying both recombinant and native fungal GST. Using the recombinant GST in the panning process resulted in the isolation of an antibody only bound to recombinant GST but it failed to detect native GST in the infected plants. Alternatively, the process of panning was carried out by applying native fungal GST trapped to immunotubes through specific polyclonal antibody intermediate. The recent approach resulted in the selection of a specific scFv binding to native GST which was able to detect the presence of the fungi within infected plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the generation of recombinant antibodies against Polymyxa betae, fungal vector of sugar beet rhizomania disease.
Calculation of the critical thickness for one-speed neutrons in a reflected slab with backward and forward scattering using modified T
N method
Authors: Öztürk H. , Bülbül A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The reflected critical slab problem is investigated in one-speed neutron transport theory for reflecting boundary conditions. The neutron angular flux is expanded in a series of first kind Chebyshev polynomials and isotropic, backward and forward scattering kernel is used as the scattering function. The critical sizes for one-speed neutrons in a uniform finite slab surrounded by identical reflectors from both sides are calculated for various values of the collision parameter, backward and forward scattering and reflection coefficient. Numerical values calculated for the critical slab are presented in the tables and are found to be in good agreement with literature values.
Calculation of the neutronic behavior of minor actinides burning in a thermal research reactor using the MCNPX 2.6 code
Authors: Feghhi S. A. H. , Gholamzadeh Z. , Alipoor Z. , Joharifard M. , Tenreiro C. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Due to the reduction of accessible uranium resources as well as waste proliferation issues, researchers are looking for more suitable approaches, such as replacement of uranium as breeding fuels. Among the practical fuel matrixes, the thorium fuel matrix is favored for its naturally abundant and minor actinide proliferation resistance. Monte Carlo computational methods are widely used to successfully simulate neutronic behavior of nuclear reactors. Calculation of some neutronic and dynamic parameters of a 37-assembly simulated research reactor consisting of thorium oxide fuel and 1 minor actinide pin have been carried out in the present work using the MCNPX 2.6 code.
En espèce ou en nature ? Les présents, l’imprévoyance et l’évolution idéologique de la politique indienne pendant la première moitié du XIXe siècle1
Authors: Gettler Brian 
Published: January 2014

Cet article porte sur la distribution des présents aux Premières Nations du Canada par l’État impérial britannique pendant la première moitié du XIXe siècle. En analysant les débats entourant une proposition de remplacer des biens matériels distribués en tant que présents par de l’argent, l’auteur observe le développement d’un consensus au sein des autorités métropolitaines et coloniales, mais qui est également partagé par les philanthropes et même par certains Autochtones, selon lequel les Amérindiens, à l’instar des pauvres du milieu urbain, sont imprévoyants par nature. Ces mêmes acteurs croient que les Autochtones ont besoin de la direction et du soutien de l’État paternel, une conviction qui demeure au coeur même de la politique indienne canadienne jusqu’à nos jours. L’article affirme que le discours prônant la « civilisation » des Premières Nations, tenu par les fonctionnaires et les philanthropes, s’appuie sur cette conviction et ainsi participe à former l’idéologie justifiant l’intervention étatique dans les communautés autochtones et la mise en tutelle de ces dernières.
Transcatheter closure of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm into the right ventricle with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II
Authors: Rittger Harald , Gundlach Ulrike , Koch Andreas 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveWe report a case of a 52‐year‐old female patient with perforated sinus of Valsalva (SVA) aneurysm presenting with severe left‐to‐right shunt from the aorta into the right ventricle.BackgroundAneuryms of the aortic sinus, better known as SVA are rare. Until interventional devices were introduced, the only treatment option for ruptured SVA aneurysms was surgery.Methods and ResultsThe case was discussed in the heart team and decision was made to implant an Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP) II. Initially, closing attempts using AVP 16 mm and 14 mm devices were performed. Presumably as a consequence of inadequate sizing, the discs were not well formed in the connecting tunnel, leaving a severe rest shunt after both procedures. Finally, after implantation of a 12 mm AVP‐device, only a minimal rest shunt remained detectable. Absence of aortic regurgitation was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography, and the occluder was released. Mean pulmonary artery pressure immediately decreased from 39 to 15 mm Hg. Medication with aspirin (100 mg qid) and clopidogrel (75 mg qid) was initiated. Follow‐up examinations at 4 weeks and 3 months confirmed the minimal rest shunt and a continuous decrease of systolic pulmonary artery pressure to 35 mm Hg, as assessed with transthoracal echocardiography.ConclusionIn conclusion, in cases of SVA rupture, closure with an AVP II represents an alternative to surgical treatment and other devices used for transcatheter treatment of SVA. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost‐effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention with drug‐eluting stents in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease compared to coronary artery bypass surgery five‐years after intervention
Authors: Krenn Lisa , Kopp Christoph , Glogar Dietmar , Lang Irene M. , Delle‐Karth Georg , Neunteufl Thomas , Kreiner Gerhard , Kaider Alexandra , Bergler‐Klein Jutta , Khorsand Aliasghar , Nikfardjam Mariam , Laufer Günther , Maurer Gerald , Gyöngyösi Mariann 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesCost‐effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug‐eluting stents (DES), and coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) was analyzed in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease over a 5‐year follow‐up.BackgroundDES implantation reducing revascularization rate and associated costs might be attractive for health economics as compared to CABG.MethodsConsecutive patients with multivessel DES‐PCI (n = 114, 3.3 ± 1.2 DES/patient) or CABG (n = 85, 2.7 ± 0.9 grafts/patient) were included prospectively. Primary endpoint was cost‐benefit of multivessel DES‐PCI over CABG, and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. Secondary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), all‐cause death, revascularization, and stroke.ResultsDespite multiple uses for DES, in‐hospital costs were significantly less for PCI than CABG, with 4551 €/patient difference between the groups. At 5‐years, the overall costs remained higher for CABG patients (mean difference 5400 € between groups). Cost‐effectiveness planes including all patients or subgroups of elderly patients, diabetic patients, or Syntax score >32 indicated that CABG is a more effective, more costly treatment mode for multivessel disease. At the 5‐year follow‐up, a higher incidence of MACCE (37.7% vs. 25.8%; log rank P = 0.048) and a trend towards more AMI/death/stroke (25.4% vs. 21.2%, log rank P = 0.359) was observed in PCI as compared to CABG. ICER indicated 45615 € or 126683 € to prevent one MACCE or AMI/death/stroke if CABG is performed.ConclusionsCost‐effectiveness analysis of DES‐PCI vs. CABG demonstrated that CABG is the most effective, but most costly, treatment for preventing MACCE in patients with multivessel disease. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emission‐Considered Diesel Blending Optimization
Authors: Mittal Vibhor , Cai Tianxing , Krishnadevarajan Karthik , Xu Qiang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe blending of different refined, intermediate, or finished diesel products is a common practice for a petroleum refinery to maximize profit by reducing the giveaway of final diesel products with desired specifications and to avoid the reprocessing of in‐stored off‐spec products. Because the diesel combustion in engines has a significant impact on air quality in terms of NOx emission, diesel blending should also be evaluated with a new prospect of NOx emission. A comprehensive diesel blending model for petroleum refineries is developed which can simultaneously predict blending oil properties and potential NOx emissions and additionally optimize blending ratios among different blends to maximize the blending profit of diesel fuels subject to blending quantity, blending property, and potential NOx emission constraints. Based on the study, a Microsoft Excel tool has also been developed. The efficacy of the development is demonstrated by a comprehensive case study.