bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of stable restorers and genetics of fertility restoration in late‐maturing pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]
Authors: Saroj Sandeep K. , Singh Mahendra N. , Vishwakarma Manish K. , Singh Tejveer , Mishra Vinod K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA total of sixty‐six germplasm lines were crossed with five CMS lines, where two belong to A4 cytoplasm, while other three belong to A2 cytoplasm. On the basis of pollen fertility test as well as good pod setting, of 330 hybrids, 34 restorer lines were observed in ICPA 2043 and 19 in ICPA 2092. Thirteen germplasm lines restored fertility in both the A4 CMS lines, viz. ICPA 2043 and ICPA 2092; however, none of the lines restored fertility in A2 CMS lines. For confirmation of result, restoration competence of identified lines tested subsequently 2 years at two different temperatures. The segregation patterns for fertility restoration studied in F2 and BC1F1 generations of selected ten crosses. Six crosses indicated the involvement of two major genes with recessive epistasis, three crosses confirmed dominant epistasis, and one cross indicated the involvement of duplicate recessive epistasis. The obtained results from this study will hasten the future three‐line breeding programme and lead the hybrid technology to the farmers' field with the better exploitation of CMS lines.
Pediatric deceased donor renal transplantation: An approach to decision making II. Acceptability of a deceased donor kidney for a child, a snap decision at 3 AM
Authors: Chaudhuri Abanti , Gallo Amy , Grimm Paul 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAllocation of deceased donor kidneys is based on several criteria; however, the final decision to accept or reject the offered kidney is made by the potential recipient's transplant team (surgeon/nephrologist). Several considerations including assessment of the donor quality, the HLA match between the donor and the recipient, several recipient factors, the geographical location of the recipient, and the organ all affect the decision of whether or not to finally accept the organ for a particular recipient. This decision needs to be made quickly, often on the spot. Maximizing the benefit from this scarce resource raises difficult ethical issues. The philosophies of equity and utility are often competing. This article will discuss the several considerations for the pediatric nephrologist while accepting a deceased donor kidney for a particular pediatric patient.
Enhancing responsiveness and consistency: Comparing the collective use of discretion and discretionary room at inspectorates inEngland and theNetherlands
Authors: Rutz Suzanne , Mathew Dinah , Robben Paul , de Bont Antoinette 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDiscretion used to be considered a feature of individuals, but growing literature shows that it has collective features as well. To develop an understanding of the individual and cooperative work of inspectors in using discretion and the discretionary room granted to them, we compared two inspectorates: theCareQualityCommission (CQC) inEngland and theJointInspectorate forYouth (JIY) in theNetherlands. Our analysis reveals that inspectors engage with colleagues, managers, and stakeholders to include other perspectives, gain mandate, and broaden their repertoire. At theCQC, inspectors use their discretion collectively; on their own initiative, they involve others in balancing and interpreting rules to reach judgments. At theJIY, teamwork is central and regulatory teams are granted collective discretionary room. We argue that collective work permits both responsiveness and consistency. In studying the judgments of inspectors and other street‐level bureaucrats, it is vital to look at collective work and how it combines consistency and responsiveness.
Association between the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and aspects of health status: a Danish cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hoegh Vibeke , Lundbye‐Christensen Soeren , Delmar Charlotte , Frederiksen Kirsten , Riahi Sam , Overvad Kim 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundCaring for patients living with atrial fibrillation (AF) is expected to be an increasing challenge for the healthcare sector in the future. Inconclusive results on self‐reported health‐related quality of life and health status in patients living with AF have previously been reported, ranging from being similar to those observed in patients who have sustained and survived a myocardial infarction to not being different from those of healthy subjects. In these studies, gender differences were not taken into account.Aim and objectiveTo investigate the association between the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and self‐reported health status.DesignAn observational, cross‐sectional study was conducted using data from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Information on health status was obtained using the Danish version of the Short Form 36 version 2 questionnaire. The analyses were stratified on gender. In adjusted analysis, we considered potential confounding from comorbidity expressed by the Charlson Comorbidity Index and effect modification by age.Ethical approvalThe local ethical committees of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg municipalities (Approval no.: (KF) 01‐345/93) approved the study.ResultsWe included 42 598 participants of whom 873 had a diagnosis of AF and/or atrial flutter. We found a lower adjusted physical component score among AF patients. No systematic differences in the mental component score (MCS) were observed.ConclusionParticipants diagnosed with AF report a clinically and statistically significantly lower physical health component score. No systematic differences in the MCS were found when comparing with the remaining participants in the cohort. As healthcare professionals caring for patients living with AF are not always expecting patients living with AF to experience a burden from their disease, the individual patients' experience of their situation, feelings, preferences, symptoms and needs leading to physical limitations should always be articulated.
Sequence stratigraphy of the Mancos Shale, lower Tres Hermanos Formation, and coeval middle Cenomanian to middle Turonian strata, southern New Mexico, USA
Authors: Mack Greg H. , Hook Stephen , Giles Katherine A. , Cobban William A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSequence stratigraphic analysis of four widely spaced outcrops of middle Cenomanian to middle Turonian strata deposited in the Western Interior foreland basin in southern New Mexico, USA, defines ten sequence boundaries in a marine shale‐rich interval ca 200 m thick. The majority of sequence boundaries are based on basinward shifts in lithofacies characterized by either a non‐Waltherian contact between distal‐bar or lower shoreface sandstone and underlying lower offshore shale, or an erosional contact between distal‐bar or lower shoreface sandstone and underlying upper offshore shale. The sequence boundaries commonly correlate basinward to packages of storm‐deposited sandstone and to beds of sandy grainstone composed of winnowed inoceramid shell fragments. In several cases, however, the sequence boundaries pass basinward into presumably conformable successions of lower offshore shale. Maximum flooding surfaces within the sequences are represented by one or more beds of locally phosphatized globiginerid wackestone and packstone or exist within a conformable succession of lower offshore shale. Following initial south/south‐westward transgression into the study area, the regional trend of palaeoeshorelines was north‐west to south‐east, although isopach data indicate that lobes of sandstone periodically spread south‐eastward across the study area. The ten sequences in the study area are arranged into a third‐order composite megasequence that is characterized by overall upward‐deepening followed by upward‐shallowing of sequences. The composite megasequence is similar but not identical to the previously established T‐1 transgression and R‐1 regression in New Mexico. Based on radioisotopic dates of bentonites, the average frequency of the sequences within the study area was ca 327 kyr, which is consistent with fourth‐order cycles of ca 400 kyr interpreted in coeval marine strata elsewhere in the world.
Low elevation of the northern Lhasa terrane in the Eocene: Implications for relief development in south Tibet
Authors: Xu Qiang , Ding Lin , Hetzel Ralf , Yue Yahui , Rades Eike F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe uplift history of Tibet is crucial for understanding the geodynamic and palaeoclimatologic evolution of Asia; however, the pattern of plateau uplift through space and time remains unresolved. We use stable isotope data from palaeosol carbonates to reconstruct the Eocene (~46 Ma) elevation of the Tangra Yum Co region (northern Lhasa terrane). The difference between the oxygen isotopic compositions of the studied palaeosols and Eocene surface water near the source of the Indian monsoon indicates a palaeoelevation of 2590 (+730/−910) m for Tangra Yum Co (present altitude: ~4600 m). A similar palaeoaltitude is obtained by comparing our data with modern soils and taking past environmental changes into account. Combining our results with published palaeoelevation estimates for Tibet suggests significant relief (~2 km) during the Eocene, when a low‐lying basin in the northern Lhasa terrane was bounded by the Qiangtang and Gangdese mountain belts to the north and south respectively.
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder of the adrenal gland after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Kasahara H. , Mori T. , Kato J. , Koda Y. , Kohashi S. , Kikuchi T. , Sakurai M. , Yamane Y. , Mikami S. , Kameyama K. , Takahashi Y. , Okamoto S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is one of the life‐threatening complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and solid organ transplantation (SOT), and it is associated almost exclusively with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). We herein report 2 cases of EBV‐associated PTLD after allogeneic HSCT localized in the adrenal gland. Both patients developed adrenal tumor within 3 months after HSCT and were successfully treated with rituximab or tapering immunosuppressive agents. Both remained alive without recurrence. A literature review revealed 12 reported cases of PTLD involving the adrenal gland, but the adrenal gland was involved as one of the lesions of advanced‐stage PTLD after SOT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show cases of isolated EBV‐associated adrenal PTLD after HSCT. PTLD should be recognized as one of the causes of isolated adrenal tumor after HSCT.
Sodium stibogluconate and paromomycin for treating visceral leishmaniasis under routine conditions in eastern Sudan
Authors: Atia Atia M. , Mumina Ann , Tayler‐Smith Katherine , Boulle Philippa , Alcoba Gabriel , Elhag Mousab Siddig , Alnour Mubarak , Shah Safieh , Chappuis François , van Griensven Johan , Zachariah Rony 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesAmong patients with primary and relapse visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in eastern Sudan, we determined the proportion eligible for treatment with sodium stibogluconate and paromomycin (SSG/PM) and, of these, their demographic and clinical characteristics; initial treatment outcomes including adverse side effects requiring treatment discontinuation; treatment outcomes by 6 months; and risk factors associated with initial (slow responders) and late treatment failure (relapses and post‐kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis, PKDL).MethodsA retrospective cohort study in Tabarak Allah Hospital, Gedaref Province, eastern Sudan, from July 2011 to January 2014.ResultsOf 1252 individuals diagnosed with VL (1151 primary and 101 relapses), 65% were eligible for SSG/PM including 83% children, almost half of them malnourished and anaemic. About 4% of individuals discontinued treatment due to side effects; 0.7% died during treatment. Initial cure was achieved in 93% of 774 primary cases and 77% of 35 relapse cases (P < 0.001). Among the 809 patients eligible for SSG/PM, 218 (27%) were lost to follow‐up. Outcomes by six months among the 591 patients with available follow‐up data were: definitive cure (n = 506; 86%), relapse (n = 38; 6%), treatment discontinuation (n = 33; 6%), PKDL (n = 7; 1%) and death (n = 7; 1%). Among those completing a full course of SSG/PM, relapses and under‐fives were at significantly higher risk of early and late treatment failure, respectively.ConclusionWhether SSG/PM as a first‐line regimen is an undeniable progress compared to SSG monotherapy, it excluded a considerable proportion of VL patients due to drug safety concerns. We call for accelerated development of new drugs and treatment regimens to improve VL treatment in Sudan.
Comparing two survey methods of measuring health‐related indicators: Lot Quality Assurance Sampling and Demographic Health Surveys
Authors: Anoke Sarah C. , Mwai Paul , Jeffery Caroline , Valadez Joseph J. , Pagano Marcello 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesTwo common methods used to measure indicators for health programme monitoring and evaluation are the demographic and health surveys (DHS) and lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS); each one has different strengths. We report on both methods when utilised in comparable situations.MethodsWe compared 24 indicators in south‐west Uganda, where data for prevalence estimations were collected independently for the two methods in 2011 (LQAS: n = 8876; DHS: n = 1200). Data were stratified (e.g. gender and age) resulting in 37 comparisons. We used a two‐sample two‐sided Z‐test of proportions to compare both methods.ResultsThe average difference between LQAS and DHS for 37 estimates was 0.062 (SD = 0.093; median = 0.039). The average difference among the 21 failures to reject equality of proportions was 0.010 (SD = 0.041; median = 0.009); among the 16 rejections, it was 0.130 (SD = 0.010, median = 0.118). Seven of the 16 rejections exhibited absolute differences of <0.10, which are clinically (or managerially) not significant; 5 had differences >0.10 and <0.20 (mean = 0.137, SD = 0.031) and four differences were >0.20 (mean = 0.261, SD = 0.083).ConclusionThere is 75.7% agreement across the two surveys. Both methods yield regional results, but only LQAS provides information at less granular levels (e.g. the district level) where managerial action is taken. The cost advantage and localisation make LQAS feasible to conduct more frequently, and provides the possibility for real‐time health outcomes monitoring.
Implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy in an HIV clinic in Cambodia: high rates of discontinuation when combined with antiretroviral therapy
Authors: van Griensven Johan , Choun Kimcheng , Chim Bopha , Thai Sopheak , Lorent Natalie , Lynen Lutgarde 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveData on feasibility and completion rates of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in HIV‐infected patient in Asia are limited. Within a hospital‐based HIV programme in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, we determined the proportion completing IPT and reasons for non‐completion.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using HIV/IPT programme data, including all adults starting IPT (300 mg/day self‐administered for 24 weeks) from February 2011 to March 2013. All patients underwent symptom screening and further investigations as indicated. After ruling out tuberculosis (TB), IPT was started, with monthly follow‐up visits. As per national guideline, IPT was only prescribed for ART‐naïve patients. IPT completion was defined as taking IPT for at least 22 of the planned 24 weeks. Stavudine/lamivudine/nevirapine was the preferential first‐line ART regimen.ResultsAmong 445 ART‐naïve patients starting IPT (median age: 35 years (IQR: 31–43), median CD4 count 354 cells/μl (IQR 215–545) and 288 (65%) were female), 214 (48%) started ART after a median of 4 weeks (IQR 2–6) on IPT (‘concurrent ART’). Overall, 348 (78%) completed IPT. Among individuals with concurrent ART, the completion rate was 73% (157/214). Those without concurrent ART had a higher completion rate (83%; 191/231; P 0.017). The main reason for non‐completion with concurrent ART was drug toxicity (mainly hepatotoxicity/rash), occurring in 22% (48/214). Without concurrent ART, the main reason for non‐completion was loss to follow‐up (16/231; 7%). Fourteen (3%) patients were diagnosed with TB while on IPT, of whom three had a positive TB culture at baseline. An additional 14 TB cases were diagnosed after IPT completion; four were bacteriologically confirmed.ConclusionAlthough overall completion rates were acceptable, IPT discontinuation due to drug toxicity was common in patients subsequently initiating ART. Future studies should evaluate whether this relates to IPT, ARVs or both, and whether the increased toxicity would justify delaying IPT initiation until stabilisation on ART.
The Cognitive Advantages of Counting Specifically: A Representational Analysis of Verbal Numeration Systems in Oceanic Languages
Authors: Bender Andrea , Schlimm Dirk , Beller Sieghard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe domain of numbers provides a paradigmatic case for investigating interactions of culture, language, and cognition: Numerical competencies are considered a core domain of knowledge, and yet the development of specifically human abilities presupposes cultural and linguistic input by way of counting sequences. These sequences constitute systems with distinct structural properties, the cross‐linguistic variability of which has implications for number representation and processing. Such representational effects are scrutinized for two types of verbal numeration systems—general and object‐specific ones—that were in parallel use in several Oceanic languages (English with its general system is included for comparison). The analysis indicates that the object‐specific systems outperform the general systems with respect to counting and mental arithmetic, largely due to their regular and more compact representation. What these findings reveal on cognitive diversity, how the conjectures involved speak to more general issues in cognitive science, and how the approach taken here might help to bridge the gap between anthropology and other cognitive sciences is discussed in the conclusion.
Seroprevalence of Babesia microti infection in Canadian blood donors
Authors: O'Brien Sheila F. , Delage Gilles , Scalia Vito , Lindsay Robbin , Bernier France , Dubuc Sophie , Germain Marc , Pilot Gerry , Yi Qi‐Long , Fearon Margaret A. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDHuman babesiosis, caused by the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite Babesia microti, is primarily transmitted by tick bites and is also transmitted by transfusion. Infections have been identified in US blood donors close to Canadian borders. We aimed to assess the risk of transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis in Canada by examining infections in ticks and seroprevalence in blood donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPassive surveillance (receipt of ticks submitted by the public) was used to identify regions for tick drag sampling (active surveillance, 2009‐2014). All ticks were tested for B. microti using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (Imugen, Inc.). Between July and December 2013, blood donations from selected sites (southern Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia) near endemic US regions were tested for antibody to B. microti. Donors completed a questionnaire about risk travel and possible tick exposure.RESULTSOf approximately 12,000 ticks submitted, 14 were B. microti positive (10 in Manitoba, one in Ontario, one in Québec, two in New Brunswick). From active tick surveillance, six of 361 ticks in Manitoba were positive (1.7%), three of 641 (0.5%) in Québec, and none elsewhere. There were 26,260 donors at the selected sites of whom 13,993 (53%) were tested. None were positive for antibody to B. microti. In 2013, 47% of donors visited forested areas in Canada, and 41% traveled to the United States.CONCLUSIONThe data do not suggest that laboratory‐based testing is warranted at this time. However, there are indicators that B. microti may be advancing into Canada and ongoing monitoring of tick populations and donor seroprevalence is indicated.
The use of the diaphragmatico‐hepatic (DH) views of the abdominal and thoracic focused assessment with sonography for triage (AFAST/TFAST) examinations for the detection of pericardial effusion in 24 dogs (2011–2012)
Authors: Lisciandro Gregory R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical usefulness of the diaphragmatico‐hepatic (DH) view of the abdominal and thoracic focused assessment with sonography for triage (AFAST/TFAST) in detecting pericardial effusion (PE) in dogs.DesignRetrospective case series from 2011 to 2012.SettingPrivate practice emergency and critical care hospital.AnimalsTwenty‐four dogs with PE diagnosed by FAST.InterventionsNone.Measurement and Main ResultsFifty‐two medical records from October 1, 2011 through September 30, 2012 had the terms “PE” within the medical record. Twenty‐four dogs were diagnosed with PE by FAST with entries for the DH view. Of the 24 dogs, 7 had abdominal FAST, 6 had thoracic FAST (TFAST), and 11 had both exams performed. PE was noted on the DH view in 20 of 24 (83%) cases. Subjective PE volume assessment ranged from trivial (<5 mm) to severe. Of the 4 cases in which PE was absent via the DH view, PE was seen during the same exam at the TFAST pericardial views (n = 2) or detected on serial exam at the DH view (n = 2). The PE volume that was missed via the DH view was characterized as trivial (<5 mm; n = 1), mild (n = 1), and moderate (n = 2).ConclusionsThe DH view of FAST was found to be clinically helpful for the detection of PE. Veterinarians should make it routine practice and part of FAST training to look into the thorax via the DH view during both abdominal FAST and TFAST exams.
Dormancy, germination and emergence ofUrochloa panicoidesregulated by temperature
Authors: Ustarroz D , Kruk B C , Satorre E H , Ghersa C M 
Published: October 2015

SummaryUrochloa panicoidesis an annual weed of summer crops. In Argentina, in subhumid areas with monsoon rainfall, it germinates and establishes in a single flush. To (i) identify the environmental factors that modify its seed dormancy level and germination and (ii) quantify the parameters describing the thermal behaviour of the germination and emergence dynamics of this weed under non‐limiting water conditions, we established a set of germination experiments performed (i) under controlled conditions using seeds after ripened for 3 or 6 months in different thermal and hydric conditions and (ii) under field conditions, where the soil temperature was modified by applying different shading levels. Seed dormancy level remained high with 3 months after ripening in all treatments. After 6 months, seeds stored at 4°C in dry conditions did not germinate at any temperature, while seeds stored at 25°C in dry conditions andin situgerminatedc. 20% and 60% respectively. Germination percentage was higher in seeds harvested before their natural dispersal. The base, optimum and maximum temperatures for seed germination were 6, 35 and 45°C respectively. Shading reduced the number of emerged seedlings, possibly by reducing the soil thermal amplitude. The results explained the dormancy‐breaking mechanism ofU. panicoidesthat allows a high germination rate in the field when rainfall occurs.