bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of chitosan via single electron transfer living radical polymerization in an ionic liquid and its antimicrobial activity
Authors: Lin Chunxiang , Liu Danhui , Luo Wei , Liu Yifan , Zhu Moshuqi , Li Xiaojuan , Liu Minghua 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, single electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) was used to functionalize chitosan in a well‐controlled manner. The chitosan‐based macroinitiator was first synthesized and then initiated the SET‐LRP of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) in ionic liquid system, using Cu0/N,N,N′,N′,N′′‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as a catalyst. The grafting of PDMC brushes on chitosan was confirmed and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the chitosan copolymer showed self‐assembled behavior in acetone. Surface properties of the copolymer have been investigated by environment scanning electron microscopy analysis. The linear relationship between the ln([M]0/[M]t) and time, the linear increase of number‐average molecular mass with conversion as well as the low polydispersity index of the polymer confirmed the “living/controlled” features of the polymerization of DMC through SET‐LRP. Finally, the chitosan copolymer demonstrates its potential antibacterial application, showing excellent inhibitive capability against Escherichia coli. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42754.
On the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the conformational stability of globular proteins
Authors: Graziano Giuseppe 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe model developed for cold denaturation (Graziano, PCCP 2010, 12, 14245‐14252) is extended to rationalize the dependence of protein conformational stability upon hydrostatic pressure, at room temperature. A pressure− volume work is associated with the process of cavity creation for the need to enlarge the liquid volume against hydrostatic pressure. This contribution destabilizes the native state that has a molecular volume slightly larger than the denatured state due to voids existing in the protein core. Therefore, there is a hydrostatic pressure value at which the pressure−volume contribution plus the conformational entropy loss of the polypeptide chain are able to overwhelm the stabilizing gain in translational entropy of water molecules, due to the decrease in water accessible surface area upon folding, causing denaturation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 711–718, 2015.
Utilization of catheter‐directed thrombolysis in pulmonary embolism and outcome difference between systemic thrombolysis and catheter‐directed thrombolysis
Authors: Patel Nish , Patel Nileshkumar J. , Agnihotri Kanishk , Panaich Sidakpal S. , Thakkar Badal , Patel Achint , Savani Chirag , Patel Nilay , Arora Shilpkumar , Deshmukh Abhishek , Bhatt Parth , Alfonso Carlos , Cohen Mauricio , Tafur Alfonso , Elder Mahir , Mohamed Tamam , Attaran Ramak , Schreiber Theodore , Grines Cindy , Badheka Apurva O. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the utilization of catheter‐directed thrombolysis (CDT) and its comparative effectiveness against systemic thrombolysis in acute pulmonary embolism (PE).BackgroundContemporary real world data regarding utilization and outcomes comparing systemic thrombolysis with CDT for PE is sparse.MethodsWe queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2010 to 2012 using the ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis code 415.11, 415.13, and 415.19 for acute PE. We used propensity score analysis to compare outcomes between systemic thrombolysis and CDT. Primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcome was combined in‐hospital mortality and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).ResultsOut of 110,731 patients hospitalized with PE, we identified 1,521 patients treated with thrombolysis, of which 1,169 patients received systemic thrombolysis and 352 patients received CDT. After propensity‐matched comparison, primary and secondary outcomes were significantly lower in the CDT group compared to systemic thrombolysis (21.81% vs. 13.36%, OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36–0.85, P value = 0.007) and (22.89% vs. 13.36%, OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34–0.80, P value = 0.003), respectively. The median length of stay [7 days, interquartile range (IQR) (5–9 days) vs. 7 days, IQR (5–10 days), P = 0.17] was not significant between the two groups. The CDT group had higher cost of hospitalization [$17,218, IQR ($12,272–$23,906) vs. $23,799, IQR ($17,892–$35,338), P < 0.001]. Multivariate analysis identified increasing age, saddle PE, cardiopulmonary arrest, and Medicaid insurance as independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsCDT was associated with lower in‐hospital mortality and combined in‐hospital mortality and ICH. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anticoagulant therapy with rivaroxaban in a young patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Dragoni Francesco , Chiarotti Flavia , Lombardi Laura , Iori Anna Paola , Cafolla Arturo 
Published: August 2015

Key Clinical MessageThe new direct oral anticoagulants such us rivaroxaban, could play an important role in the anticoagulant treatment of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria where anticoagulant treatment is complex to run, since they have shown a reduction in serious bleeding complications compared to antithrombotic therapy with classical vitamin k antagonist.
A novel CYP17A1 deletion causes a functional knockout of the steroid enzyme 17‐hydroxylase and 17,20‐lyase in a Turkish family and illustrates the precise role of the CYP17A1 gene
Authors: Camats Núria , Üstyol Ala , Atabek Mehmet Emre , Dick Bernhard , Flück Christa E. 
Published: August 2015

Key Clinical MessageA novel homozygous long‐range deletion of the CYP17A1 gene abolished protein expression and caused the severest form of 17‐hydroxylase deficiency in one kindred of a Turkish family. The affected subjects presented with 46,XY sex reversal and 46,XX lack of pubertal development as well as severe hypertension.
Fulminant isolated adenovirus hepatitis 5 months after haplo‐identical HSCT for AML
Authors: Detrait Marie , De Prophetis Stephanie , Delville Jean‐Pierre , Komuta Mina 
Published: August 2015

Key Clinical MessageThe principal limitation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation except relapse remains the transplant‐related mortality (TRM). In addition to graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD), infections contribute to TRM in many patients. We describe herein a case of an adult patient presenting 5 months after haplo‐identical transplantation an isolated fulminant hepatitis due to adenovirus.
Fahr's disease: a rare neurological presentation in a tropical setting
Authors: Otu Akaninyene Asuquo , Anikwe Jude Chinedu , Cocker Derek 
Published: August 2015

Key Clinical MessageWhile rare, Fahr's disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis for seizures, movement disorders, or cognitive impairment in tropical settings. Classically, bilateral calcification of the basal ganglia is seen on CT. Endemic infections, metabolic, and toxic causes should be excluded. Treatment using Levodopa is often beneficial.
A Composite of Complex and Chemical Hydrides Yields the First Al‐Based Amidoborane with Improved Hydrogen Storage Properties
Authors: Dovgaliuk Iurii , Jepsen Lars H. , Safin Damir A. , Łodziana Zbigniew , Dyadkin Vadim , Jensen Torben R. , Devillers Michel , Filinchuk Yaroslav 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe first Al‐based amidoborane Na[Al(NH2BH3)4] was obtained through a mechanochemical treatment of the NaAlH4–4 AB (AB=NH3BH3) composite releasing 4.5 wt % of pure hydrogen. The same amidoborane was also produced upon heating the composite at 70 °C. The crystal structure of Na[Al(NH2BH3)4], elucidated from synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction and confirmed by DFT calculations, contains the previously unknown tetrahedral ion [Al(NH2BH3)4]−, with every NH2BH3− ligand coordinated to aluminum through nitrogen atoms. Combination of complex and chemical hydrides in the same compound was possible due to both the lower stability of the AlH bonds compared to the BH ones in borohydride, and due to the strong Lewis acidity of Al3+. According to the thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry–mass spectrometry (TGA–DSC–MS) studies, Na[Al(NH2BH3)4] releases in two steps 9 wt % of pure hydrogen. As a result of this decomposition, which was also supported by volumetric studies, the formation of NaBH4 and amorphous product(s) of the surmised composition AlN4B3H(0–3.6) were observed. Furthermore, volumetric experiments have also shown that the final residue can reversibly absorb about 27 % of the released hydrogen at 250 °C and p(H2)=150 bar. Hydrogen re‐absorption does not regenerate neither Na[Al(NH2BH3)4] nor starting materials, NaAlH4 and AB, but rather occurs within amorphous product(s). Detailed studies of the latter one(s) can open an avenue for a new family of reversible hydrogen storage materials. Finally, the NaAlH4–4 AB composite might become a starting point towards a new series of aluminum‐based tetraamidoboranes with improved hydrogen storage properties such as hydrogen storage density, hydrogen purity, and reversibility.
Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Materials by Dry Etching
Authors: Nickel Winfried , Oschatz Martin , Rico‐Francés Soledad , Klosz Stefan , Biemelt Tim , Mondin Giovanni , Eychmüller Alexander , Silvestre‐Albero Joaquín , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA novel synthesis method for ordered mesoporous carbons is presented. The inverse replication of a silica template was achieved using the carbonization of sucrose within mesoporous KIT‐6. Instead of liquid acid etching, as in classical nanocasting, a novel dry chlorine etching procedure for template removal is presented for the first time. The resultant ordered mesostructured carbon material outperforms carbons obtained by conventional hard templating with respect to high specific micro‐ and mesopore volumes (0.6 and 1.6 cm3 g−1, respectively), due to the presence of a hierarchical pore system. A high specific surface area of 1671 m2 g−1 was achieved, rendering this synthesis route a highly convenient method to produce ordered mesoporous carbons.
A Practical and General Base‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Amines for the Synthesis of N‐Formamides
Authors: Li Wanfang , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA highly practical and general base‐catalyzed carbonylation of amines to the corresponding N‐formamides has been realized. Cheap inorganic bases, including Group IA and IIA metal hydroxides, alkoxides, carbonates, and phosphates, were effective catalysts for the transformation. In the presence of 10–40 mol % of KOH or K2CO3, various amines were converted into the corresponding N‐formamides in good‐to‐excellent yields using CO as the formylation reagents.
Hürden bei der Destillation in modularen Chemiefabriken
Authors: Dercks Benedikt , Grünewald Marcus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractModulare Chemiefabriken, wie sie derzeit in Forschung und Industrie diskutiert werden, stellen besondere Anforderungen an die eingesetzten thermischen Trennapparate. Der Artikel beschreibt diese Anforderungen und stellt eine geeignet erscheinende, mikrostrukturierte Apparateklasse vor. Die Entwicklung dieser Apparate begann für die Absorption und wurde anschließend auf die Destillation ausgeweitet. Mithilfe eines mathematischen Modells des Apparates werden die zu überwindenden Hürden beim Einsatz dieser Apparate, die sich aus dem Temperaturprofil ergeben, gezeigt und erste technische Lösungen diskutiert.
Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior and quality of life indicators in survivors of breast cancer
Authors: Phillips Siobhan M. , Awick Elizabeth A. , Conroy David E. , Pellegrini Christine A. , Mailey Emily L. , McAuley Edward 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDThe primary purpose of the current study was to determine prospective associations of accelerometer‐assessed physical activity intensity and sedentary time with health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) indicators among survivors of breast cancer.METHODSA total of 358 survivors of breast cancer wore an accelerometer for 7 days at baseline to assess different activity intensities (light, lifestyle, and moderate to vigorous) and sedentary behavior. Six months later, survivors completed online questionnaires that assessed HRQOL indicators (disease‐specific HRQOL, fatigue, depression, and anxiety) and relevant covariates. Relationships between activity and sedentary behavior quartiles and HRQOL indicator scores were examined using generalized liner models with Bonferroni multiple comparison adjustment.RESULTSAfter adjustment for covariates and sedentary time, each increasing lifestyle activity quartile was associated with reduced fatigue duration (P for trend, .03). Each increasing baseline moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) quartile was found to be significantly associated with higher Physical Well‐Being, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Breast (FACT‐B) total, and trial outcome index scores; fewer breast cancer‐specific concerns; and lower fatigue interference, and these differences were statistically and clinically significant between survivors in quartile 1 and quartile 4. After controlling for covariates and MVPA, relationships between sedentary time and HRQOL were mostly null with the exception of lower fatigue duration.CONCLUSIONSObjectively measured MVPA was found to be positively associated with many HRQOL indicators. Lifestyle activity was found to be only inversely associated with fatigue duration whereas sedentary time was found to be positively associated with fatigue duration. Future research is warranted to explore these relationships further. Cancer 2015;121:4044–4052. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Self‐Heating Approach to the Fast Production of Uniform Metal Nanostructures
Authors: Yin Xi , Wu Jianbo , Li Panpan , Shi Miao , Yang Hong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHeat released from the exothermic reaction between amine (R‐NH2) and carboxylic acid (R′‐COOH) was systematically utilized to prepare noble metal nanocrystals (NCs) of various shapes in the presence of carbon monoxide (CO). The heating profile of the solution mixtures was controllable by adjusting both the type and ratio of these two kinds of molecules. A maximum heating rate of 20 °C s−1 was achieved. Uniform gold nanowires and nanoparticles were produced by tuning the molar ratio between carboxylic acid and oleylamine (OAm). In addition, concave tetrahedral palladium nanocrystals were also produced. This self‐heating method is highly versatile for making a variety of metal nanostructures. It represents a new, potentially scalable and extremely fast production route of metal nanostructures. This novel production route arises from the unique manner in which homogeneous heat releases from ligand‐based chemical reactions.
Macroecology of North American suckers (Catostomidae): tests of Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules
Authors: Jacquemin Stephen J. , Doll Jason C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDiscerning spatial macroecological patterns in freshwater fishes has broad implications for community assembly, ecosystem dynamics, management, and conservation. This study explores the potential interspecific covariation of geographic range (Rapoport's rule) and body size (Bergmann's rule) with latitude in North American sucker fishes (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae). While numerous tests of Rapoport's and Bergmann's rules are documented in the literature, comparatively few of these studies have specifically tested for these patterns, and none have incorporated information reflecting shared ancestry into analyses of North American freshwater fish through a hierarchical model. This study utilized a hierarchical modeling approach with Bayesian inference to evaluate the role that evolution has played in shaping these distributional corollaries. Rapoport's rule was supported at the tribe level but not across family and subfamily groupings. Particularly within the Catostominae subfamily, two tribes reflected strong support for Rapoport's rule while two suggested a pattern was present. Conversely, Bergmann's rule was not supported in Catostomidae. This study provides additional information regarding the pervasiveness of these “rules” by expanding inferences in freshwater fishes and specifically addressing the potential for these macroecological patterns to play a role in the distribution of the understudied group Catostomidae.
Controlling the Microstructure of Isotactic Polypropene by C2‐Symmetric Zirconocene Polymerization Catalysts: Influence of Alkyl Substituents on Regio‐ and Stereocontrol
Authors: Kuklin Mikhail S. , Virkkunen Ville , Castro Pascal M. , Resconi Luigi , Linnolahti Mikko 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA combined computational and experimental study was carried out to evaluate control of the microstructure of isotactic polypropene by C2‐symmetric zirconocenes with rac‐SiMe2[Ind]2‐based ligands. Building on the highly regio‐ and stereospecific catalyst combining 2‐Me and 4‐Ph substituents, we made further modifications to the ligand framework by systematic addition of alkyl substituents. Propene insertion barriers are given for a total of 24 catalysts. Calculations and experiments show that the series of catalysts produce highly stereoregular isotactic polypropene. Regiocontrol can be markedly improved by addition of 3‐Me substituents or by replacing 2‐Me with bulkier 2‐alkyl substituents on the indenyl ligand, but the former is accompanied by loss of stereocontrol and the latter by significantly increased overall barriers for propene insertion. The combination of methyl substituents and tBu groups on the 4‐Ph ligand substituents is shown to provide improved regiocontrol without sacrificing high stereocontrol.
Toward the Synthesis of Tetrazino‐­tetrazine 1,3,6,8‐Tetraoxide (TTTO): An Approach to Non‐annulated 1,2,3,4‐Tetrazine 1,3‐Dioxides
Authors: Klenov Michael S. , Anikin Oleg V. , Churakov Aleksandr M. , Strelenko Yurii A. , Fedyanin Ivan V. , Ananyev Ivan V. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA novel approach for the synthesis of 6‐(tert‐butyl‐NNO‐azoxy)‐5‐methylthio‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazine 1,3‐dioxide (1) was developed. This compound is likely to be a precursor of tetrazino‐tetrazine 1,3,6,8‐tetraoxide. The synthetic strategy consists of four steps: a synthesis of bis(tert‐butyl‐NNO‐azoxy)methane, coupling of the latter with dimethyl nitrodithioimidocarbonate to give N‐nitroimine 3, O‐alkylation of the latter to O‐alkylated nitroenamine and its reaction with BF3·Et2O to afford tetrazine 1,3‐dioxide 1. An X‐ray diffraction study of 1 was accomplished.
Modular Synthesis of Biaryl‐Substituted Phosphine Ligands: Application in Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed C–N Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Singh Chandani , Rathod Jayant , Jha Vishwajeet , Panossian Armen , Kumar Pradeep , Leroux Frédéric R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBiaryl‐substituted monophosphine‐based ligands have been synthesized by transition‐metal‐free “ARYNE” cross‐coupling reaction of aryllithiums with 1,2‐dibromobenzene and subsequent regioselective functionalization through bromine–lithium interconversion. These ligands were employed in palladium‐catalyzed C–N bond‐forming reactions. The reaction was found to be general with wide substrate applicability. A wide variety of both primary and secondary amines were successfully coupled with an array of differently substituted halobenzenes under microwave irradiation to give the expected products in good to excellent yields. A number of biaryl‐substituted phosphine ligands screened for the coupling reaction showed that steric bulk and the electronic properties of substituents on phosphorus play a crucial role in governing the catalytic activity of C–N cross‐coupling reactions.
Regioselective Oxidative C–H Phosphonation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and Related Heteroarenes Mediated by Manganese(III) Acetate
Authors: Yadav Mahipal , Dara Saidulu , Saikam Varma , Kumar Mukesh , Aithagani Sravan Kumar , Paul Satya , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Singh Parvinder Pal 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHerein, we report a MnIII‐mediated regioselective method for the direct C–H phosphonation of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines by using dialkyl phosphites. 3‐Phosphonated imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines are synthesized in good to excellent yields under the optimized reaction conditions. The present method is also applicable to the functionalization of related heteroarenes, and unlike previously reported methods, the present strategy works well with (NH)‐heteroarenes.
Discursive constructions of otherness in populist radical right political blogs
Authors: Sakki Inari , Pettersson Katarina 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article provides a comparative study of the discursive construction and use of Otherness among anti‐immigration populist radical right politicians in Sweden and Finland. Based on rhetorical and critical discursive psychology, our analyses of discourse within nine political blogs identified three distinct representations of Otherness. These representations of a deviant group of people, of a threatening ideology and of inner enemies are highly familiar from previous research on radical right discourse. However, what seems to characterize populist radical right discourse in the Nordic context is the strong reliance on the rhetorical juxtaposition between the welfare system and immigration. Our study furthermore highlights how populist radical right politicians exploit the digital discursive tools provided by political blogging. These tools, first, create a sense of connectedness and mutual understanding between blogger and reader and, second, allow the blogger to convey messages that are hostile towards immigrants and ethnic minorities without expressing an explicit personal opinion. In combination, the features provided by political blogging and the discursive and rhetorical strategies that deny racism make discourse within a populist radical right political blog especially powerful and convincing. We conclude that research must be sensitive to this ‘digital discourse’, as it reaches a public far beyond the sphere of a political blog through its potential to spread and influence mainstream media.
Forecasting with Bayesian Vector Autoregressions Estimated Using Professional Forecasts
Authors: Frey Christoph , Mokinski Frieder 
Published: August 2015

SummaryWe propose a Bayesian shrinkage approach for vector autoregressions (VARs) that uses short‐term survey forecasts as an additional source of information about model parameters. In particular, we augment the vector of dependent variables by their survey nowcasts, and claim that each variable modelled in the VAR and its nowcast are likely to depend in a similar way on the lagged dependent variables. In an application to macroeconomic data, we find that the forecasts obtained from a VAR fitted by our new shrinkage approach typically yield smaller mean squared forecast errors than the forecasts obtained from a range of benchmark methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.