bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interface between general and forensic psychiatry: a historical perspective
Authors: Gordon Harvey , Khosla Vivek 
Published: September 2014

SummaryMental disorder and criminality are separate entities but some people with a mental disorder commit criminal offences and some criminals have a mental disorder. Before 1800 there was no separate category of mentally disordered offenders (referred to as criminal lunatics until 1948) in UK legislation. The provision of facilities for mentally disordered offenders in Britain and Ireland overlapped with, but was also separate from, provision for the mentally ill generally. The interface between general and forensic psychiatry is an area of tension and of collaboration. To understand how contemporary general and forensic psychiatry interact, it is useful to have an understanding of how factors have evolved overtime.Learning Objectives•Have an understanding of the evolution of general and forensic psychiatry in the UK over the past 200 years.•Comprehend the similarities and differences between general and forensic psychiatry.•Be aware of some of the roots of conflict between general and forensic psychiatry.
Psychopathology as the basic science of psychiatry
Authors: Stanghellini Giovanni , Broome Matthew R. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryWe argue that psychopathology, as the discipline that assesses and makes sense of abnormal human subjectivity, should be at the heart of psychiatry. It should be a basic educational prerequisite in the curriculum for mental health professionals and a key element of the shared intellectual identity of clinicians and researchers in this field.
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Novel Chiral Receptors Derived from Deoxycholic Acid and Their Molecular Recognition Properties
Authors: Ye Ying , Suo Yourui , Yang Fang , Han Lijuan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Under microwave irradiation (MWI), novel chiral receptors derived from deoxycholic acid were synthesized by using deoxycholic acid methyl ester as the spacer, and arylhydrazine and amino acids as the arm. Selective recognition properties of these receptors for aromatic amines and d/l-amino acids have been investigated by UV–vis spectral titration and 1H NMR spectral study. The results indicate this type of receptors can form a 1:1 supramolecular complex with an aromatic amine and a 1:2 supramolecular complex with d/l-tryptophan.
Spatially Controlled Initiation–Termination of Supramolecular Polymerization: Creation of End-capped Nanofiber with Discrete Length in Microflow
Authors: Numata Munenori , Sakai Ryoichiro 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We demonstrate that the kinetics of supramolecular polymerization of TPPS, a type of self-assembling porphyrins, is controllable in a designed microflow space through regulation of the flow distance of its polymerizing spices, similar to cutting out snapshots of the growing polymer chains. The obtained fibers were thereby end-capped with stopper molecules, affording size-regulated supramolecular polymers accordingly.
Optically Active Helical Polymer from Radical Polymerization of (S)-3-Vinyl-2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl
Authors: Chen Yehui , Yang Liwen , Yang Nianfa , Yang Zhusheng 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
(S)-3-Vinyl-2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl (2) was radically polymerized to obtain a polymer with excess of preferred-handed helical sense. The specific optical rotation [α]36525 of poly-2 was −1364.2° and more than 4 times that of starting monomer 2. Poly-2 was confirmed to exist in the form of preferred-handed helical structure in solution by means of comparing the specific optical rotation, the circular dichroism (CD) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectra with that of 2 and the model compound such as (S)-3-ethyl-2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl (3).
Spectrometric Detection of DNA by the Bis-Zn(II) Complex of a Water-soluble Doubly N-Confused Hexaphyrin
Authors: Ikawa Yoshiya , Katsumata Sho , Sakashita Ryuichi , Furuta Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A water-soluble derivative of meso-hexaaryl doubly N-confused hexaphyrin 1 was synthesized by appending pyridinium groups to the meso-aryl moieties of the hexapyrrolic macrocycle. Hexaphyrin 1 and its bis-Zn(II) complex 1-Zn interacted with DNA in aqueous buffer solution, which were detectable by the absorption changes and by the turn-off fluorescence response.
Alcohol oxidation by flavoenzymes
Authors: Romero Elvira , Gadda Giovanni 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis review article describes the occurrence, general properties, and substrate specificity of the flavoenzymes belonging to the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase superfamily and the l-α-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. Most of these enzymes catalyze the oxidations of hydroxyl groups, yielding carbonyl moieties. Over the years, carbanion, hydride transfer, and radical mechanisms have been discussed for these enzymes, and the main experimental evidences supporting these mechanisms are presented here. Regardless of the chemical nature of the organic substrate (i.e., activated and non-activated alcohols), a hydride transfer mechanism appears to be the most plausible for the flavoenzymes acting on CH-OH groups. The reaction of most of these enzymes likely starts with proton abstraction from the substrate hydroxyl group by a conserved active site histidine. Among the different approaches carried out to determine the chemical mechanisms with physiological substrates, primary substrate and solvent deuterium kinetic isotope effect studies have provided the most unambiguous evidences. It is expected that the numerous studies reported for these enzymes over the years will be instrumental in devising efficient industrial biocatalysts and drugs.
Effect of Sucrose Addition on Rheological and Thermal Properties of Rice Starch–Gum Mixtures
Authors: Lee Solji , Yoo Byoungseung 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The effect of sucrose at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 30% w/w) on rheological and thermal properties of 5% (w/w) rice starch (RS) pastes mixed with guar gum (GG) and xanthan gum (XG) was examined. The flow behavior index (n) values of RS–gum mixtures in the presence of sucrose were higher than those of the control (0% sucrose), whereas their K and σ
oc values were lower. The RS–XG–sucrose mixtures showed much higher dynamic moduli values than the control, while the RS–GG–sucrose mixtures, except for the 30% sucrose concentration, showed lower values, indicating that the viscoelastic properties of RS–XG mixtures were greatly affected by the addition of sucrose. In general, differential scanning calorimetry studies showed that the presence of sucrose resulted in an increase in the gelatinization temperatures and a decrease in gelatinization enthalpy. These results could facilitate the development of RS-based products with improved thermal and rheological properties.
A Boosting Algorithm for Estimating Generalized Propensity Scores with Continuous Treatments
Authors: Zhu Yeying , Coffman Donna L. , Ghosh Debashis 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this article, we study the causal inference problem with a continuous treatment variable using propensity score-based methods. For a continuous treatment, the generalized propensity score is defined as the conditional density of the treatment-level given covariates (confounders). The dose–response function is then estimated by inverse probability weighting, where the weights are calculated from the estimated propensity scores. When the dimension of the covariates is large, the traditional nonparametric density estimation suffers from the curse of dimensionality. Some researchers have suggested a two-step estimation procedure by first modeling the mean function. In this study, we suggest a boosting algorithm to estimate the mean function of the treatment given covariates. In boosting, an important tuning parameter is the number of trees to be generated, which essentially determines the trade-off between bias and variance of the causal estimator. We propose a criterion called average absolute correlation coefficient (AACC) to determine the optimal number of trees. Simulation results show that the proposed approach performs better than a simple linear approximation or L2 boosting. The proposed methodology is also illustrated through the Early Dieting in Girls study, which examines the influence of mothers’ overall weight concern on daughters’ dieting behavior.
Fractional white noise calculus in infinite dimensions
Authors: Grecksch Wilfried , Roth Christian 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper we consider a white noise calculus for fractional
Brownian motion with values in a separable Hilbert space, whereby
the covariance operator Q is a kernel operator (Q-fractional
Brownian motion). We prove a Q-fractional version of the Itô's
formula. Furthermore, we introduce Malliavin derivative for
Q-fractional motion, prove a Q-fractional integration-by-parts
formula and a Q-fractional version of the Itô isometry.
Synthesis, characterization, and microwave properties of polypyrrole/molybdenum trioxide composites
Authors: Anuradha Sindi , Roy Aashis S. , Prasad M.V.N. Ambika 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Polypyrrole/molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) composites have been prepared by the in situ polymerization technique. The prepared composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and surface morphology by employing scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the grains are highly agglomerated and its average size is 2–4 mm. Furthermore, the dielectric study was carried out at microwave frequency. It was observed that the variations in MoO3 to polypyrrole cause the interface polarization and multiple scattering, which is useful for the absorption of large number of microwaves. Among all the composites, 50 wt% polypyrrole/MoO3 composites show the lowest real and imaginary permittivity values (i.e., 3.57 and 5.51, respectively), and for other composites, real values vary from 5.51 to 16.57. Therefore, these composites can be used as microwave application.
Nocturnal pollinatIon by Fungus gnats of the colombian endemic species, Pleurothallis marthae (orchidaceae: pleurothallidinae)
Authors: Duque Buitrago Carol Andrea , Alzate Quintero Néstor Fabio , Tupac Otero J 
Published: September 2014

Contemporary patterns of plant biodiversity result from the ecological and evolutionary processes generated by species interactions. Understanding these interactions is key for effective biodiversity conservation at the species and the ecosystem level. Orchid species often have highly specialised pollinator interactions, and the preservation of these is critical for in situ orchid conservation. The majority of orchid species occur in tropical regions, and information regarding their interactions is limited. We present data on pollinator identities, pollination mechanisms and flowering phenology of the Colombian endemic orchid, Pleurothallis marthae. We evaluated the mechanisms of attraction, the presence of osmophores, and the reproductive system of the species. Pleurothallis marthae is self-compatible with nocturnal anthesis pollinated by Mycetophila sp. (Mycetophilidae), probably attracted by a string fungus like smell liberated by the flower and Bradysia sp. (Sciaridae) that feed on nectar in the labellum. Osmophores and nectaries were detected in the epidermis of the sepals and petals. We present new evidence that the genus Pleurothallis is adapted to Diptera pollination. Our study indicates that the pollination mechanism of P. marthae is based on the nocturnal attraction of two species of fungus gnats, probably combining food attraction and brood place deception
Taxonomic validation of a well-known <i>Odontoglossum</i> (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) “ghost”
Authors: Dalström Stig 
Published: September 2014

The plant that was first called “Odontoglossum wyattianum” by Gurney Wilson was exhibited at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on January 3, 1928. No official description was ever published and no type specimen was ever designated, or has surfaced, hence making this distinct species a taxonomic ‘ghost’. The taxonomic validation of Odontoglossum wyattianum is made here through the designation of a holotype, together with a diagnosis, a brief taxonomic history and comparison with similar and closely related species.
Strong Structure Band Gap Relation in Semiconductors: Implications for Computational Band Gap Prediction
Authors: Foster David H. , Schneider Guenter 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTStructure prediction for novel materials requires computationally inexpensive lattice relaxation methods. Prediction of the band gap and excited state properties depends on the accuracy of the relaxations and the sensitivity of the band edges to structural parameters. We examine the relaxation performance of common relaxation methods for several members of the type IB3-V-VI4copper chalcogenide semiconductors, which have become of recent interest for potential photovoltaic and thermoelectric applications. These materials are members of a larger family of materials, composed of type IB and type VI elements and additional elements acting as cations, which contains structures as complex as Cu12Sb4S13(tetrahedrite) and may benefit from materials prediction studies. Examining Cu3PS4, Cu3PSe4, Cu3AsS4, and Cu3AsSe4, we find that relaxation induced structural errors cause subsequently calculated band gap valuesEgto deviate by as much as 0.6 eV from values obtained using experimentally determined structures. Using the HSE06 hybrid functional we find that the complex V/VI* anti-bonding character of the conduction band minimum creates a band gap sensitivity of order 10 eV/Å to the mean V-VI distance 〈V-VI〉. A weaker correlation betweenEgand 〈IB-VI〉 exists due to the Cu-d/Ch-p* character of the valence band maximum (Ch = S, Se). Type IB-III-VI2materials are known to have similar properties and we include CuInSe2, CuAlS2, and CuAlSe2. Regarding structural relaxation accuracy, we find that GGA+Uand meta-GGA functional MS2 typically perform better than GGA (PBE) or PBEsol, but not as well as the much more expensive HSE functional.
Laminin- and basement membranepolycaprolactone blend nanofibers as a scaffold for regenerative medicine
Authors: Neal Rebekah A. , Lenz Steven M. , Wang Tiffany , Abebayehu Daniel , Brooks Benjamin P.C. , Ogle Roy C. , Botchwey Edward A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMimicking one or more components of the basement membrane (BM) holds great promise for overcoming insufficiencies in tissue engineering therapies. We have electrospun laminin nanofibers (NFs) isolated from the murine Engelbreth-Holm Swarm (EHS) tumor and evaluated them as a scaffold for embryonic stem cell culture. Seeded human embryonic stem cells were found to better maintain their undifferentiated, colony environment when cultured on laminin NFs compared to laminin mats, with 75% remaining undifferentiated on NFs. Mouse embryonic stem cells cultured on 10% laminin-polycaprolactone (PCL) NFs maintained their colony formation for twice as long without passage compared to those on PCL or gelatin substrates. In addition, we have established a protocol for electrospinning reconstituted basement membrane aligned (RBM)-PCL NFs within 10° of angular deviation. Neuron-like PC12 cells show significantly greater attachment (p < 0.001) and percentage of neuriteextending cells
Ternary approximating non-stationary subdivision schemes for curve design
Authors: Siddiqi Shahid , Younis Muhammad 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper, an algorithm has been introduced to produce ternary 2m-point (for any integer m ≥ 1) approximating non-stationary subdivision schemes which can generate the linear spaces spanned by {1; cos(α.); sin(α.)}. The theory of asymptotic equivalence is being used to analyze the convergence and smoothness of the schemes. The proposed algorithm can be consider as the non-stationary counter part of the 2-point and 4-point existing ternary stationary approximating schemes, for different values of m. Moreover, the proposed algorithm has the ability to reproduce or regenerate the conic sections, trigonometric polynomials and trigonometric splines.
Analytical accuracy of the one dimensional heat transfer in geometry with logarithmic various surfaces
Authors: Vahabzadeh A. , Fakour M. , Ganji D. , Rahimipetroudi I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this study, heat transfer and temperature distribution equations for logarithmic surface are investigated analytically and numerically. Employing the similarity variables, the governing differential equations have been reduced to ordinary ones and solved via Homotopy perturbation method (HPM), Variational iteration method (VIM), Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The influence of the some physical parameters such as rate of effectiveness of temperature on non-dimensional temperature profiles is considered. Also the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method (NUM) is used for the validity of these analytical methods and excellent agreement are observed between the solutions obtained from HPM, VIM, ADM and numerical results.
City sewer collectors biocorrosion
Authors: Ksia̧żek Mariusz 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents the biocorrosion of city sewer collectors impregnated with special polymer sulphur binders, polymerized sulphur, which is applied as the industrial waste material. The city sewer collectors are settled with a colony of soil bacteria which have corrosive effects on its structure. Chemoautotrophic nitrifying bacteria utilize the residues of halites (carbamide) which migrate in the city sewer collectors, due to the damaged dampproofing of the roadway and produce nitrogen salts. Chemoorganotrophic bacteria utilize the traces of organic substrates and produce a number of organic acids (formic, acetic, propionic, citric, oxalic and other). The activity of microorganisms so enables the origination of primary and secondary salts which affect physical properties of concretes in city sewer collectors unfavourably.
Low temperature impact toughness of the main gas pipeline steel after long-term degradation
Authors: Maruschak Pavlo , Danyliuk Iryna , Bishchak Roman , Vuherer Tomaž 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe correlation of microstructure, temperature and Charpy V-notch impact properties of a steel 17G1S pipeline steel was investigated in this study. Within the concept of physical mesomechanics, the dynamic failure of specimens is represented as a successive process of the loss of shear stability, which takes place at different structural/scale levels of the material. Characteristic stages are analyzed for various modes of failure, moreover, typical levels of loading and oscillation periods, etc. are determined. Relations between low temperature derived through this test, microstructures and Charpy (V-notch) toughness test results are also discussed in this paper.
Erratum to Central European Journal of Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 2
Authors: Bere Paul , Neamtu Calin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPaper by Paul Bere, Calin Neamtu. “Methodology for evaluate the form deviations for formula one nose car” in Volume 4, Issue 2, 148–154/June 2014 doi: 10.2478/s13531-013-0158-x contains an error in the author’s affiliation and descriptions of figures. The correct affiliation and descriptions of figures are presented below.
Vertical Fracture Through the Body of the Talus
Authors: Parks Kyle E. , Rowe Todd M. 
Published: September 2014

The patient was a 35-year-old man who was evaluated by a physical therapist in a direct-access capacity for a chief complaint of right ankle pain and an inability to bear weight. Because the patient was unable to bear weight on his right lower extremity, the physical therapist ordered radiographs of the right ankle, which demonstrated a vertical fracture through the body of the talus. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(9):722. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.0410
Utility of perioperative B-type natriuretic peptide in off-pump bypass surgery
Authors: Joshi Dikshya , Guo Zhi Gang 
Published: September 2014

Background and Aims: This study was performed to determine clinical relevance of perioperative B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: 145 consecutive patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting during 8-month period were enrolled in this study. The relationship between the plasma BNP and various clinical parameters was examined. Postoperatively their main clinical endpoints including requirement of mechanical ventilator support, length of intensive care unit stay and hospital stay was closely monitored. Results: Mean preoperative BNP levels were significantly higher in patients whose left ventricular ejection fraction was less than 0.50 (P<0.00083), and New York Heart Association class (III, IV) (P<0.02). The determinants of preoperative higher level of BNP can be related to the advanced age of the patients, r=0.387 (P<0.01) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter, r=0.200 (P<0.05). Postoperative 12-hour BNP correlated significantly with the duration of mechanical ventilation, rho=0.84 (P<0.05), and postoperative hospital stay for 10 days or more, rho=0.202 (P<0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed a significant association between 12-hour BNP and the requirement of mechanical ventilation, Wald=3.956 (P<0.049, 95% CI_1.023- 20.476). Conclusion: Plasma BNP concentration is a valuable biochemical marker, is easy to measure and can effectively predict postoperative outcome in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Baseline BNP had strong correlation with the age and ventricular function of the patient. Postoperatively, elevated 12-hour BNP indicated prolonged ventilation and longer duration of hospital stay. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v11i1.10977 Nepalese Heart Journal 2014;11(1): 19-25
Coronary Artery Thrombosis: Is High Serum Homocysteine Level a Culprit?
Authors: Dubey Laxman , Guruprasad Sogunuru , Bhattacharya Rabindra , Subramanyam Gangapatnam 
Published: September 2014

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor of coronary artery disease associated to arterial thrombosis. We report a case in which coronary angiography showed full of thrombus causing total obstruction of the left anterior descending artery. Patient was managed successfully with intravenous thrombolysis. Biochemical analysis revealed a high serum homocysteine level. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v11i1.10982 Nepalese Heart Journal 2014;11(1): 49-52