bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NONITERATIVE LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATES, STANDARD ERRORS, AND F‐TESTS FOR ANY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE WITH MISSING DATA
Authors: Rubin Donald B. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis article generalizes Rubin's method of least squares estimation of missing values in any analysis of variance. The general method produces not only least squares estimates of all parameters and the residual mean square, but also the correct least squares standard error and t‐test of any contrast as well as the least squares sum of squares and F‐test due to any collection of contrasts. The method is noniterative and requires only those subroutines designed to handle complete data plus a subroutine to find the inverse of an m x m symmetric matrix, where m is the number of missing values.
HOW UNIDIMENSIONAL ARE TESTS COMPRISING BOTH MULTIPLE‐CHOICE AND FREE‐RESPONSE ITEMS? AN ANALYSIS OF TWO TESTS1
Authors: Thissen David , Wainer Howard , Wang Xiang‐Bo 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWe consider the relationship between the multiple‐choice and free‐response sections on the Computer Science and Chemistry tests of the College Board's Advanced Placement program. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the free‐response sections measure the same underlying proficiency as the multiple‐choice sections for the most part. However, there is also a significant, if relatively small, amount of local dependence among the free‐response items that produces a small degree of multidimensionality for each test.
­­Role of Runx2 in Crosstalk Between Mek/Erk and PI3K/Akt Signaling in MCF‐10A Cells
Authors: Tandon Manish , Chen Zujian , Pratap Jitesh 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTCrosstalk among mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidyl inositol 3′ kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways integrates extracellular cues to regulate mammary epithelial cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The runt‐related transcription factor, Runx2, is expressed in normal mammary epithelium and promotes differentiation, however, its function in regulation of the MAPK and PI3K signaling crosstalk is not known. We determined the function of Runx2 expression in growth factor‐mediated phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt, key downstream kinases in MAPK and PI3K pathway crosstalk in MCF‐10A mammary epithelial cells. The Runx2‐mediated alterations in cell signaling and associated changes in phenotype were determined by real‐time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry approaches. The results revealed that ectopic Runx2 expression differentially downregulates the growth factor (EGF vs. IGF or insulin)‐induced pErk1/2 and pAkt levels. Additionally, the ectopic Runx2 expression increases FOXO1 levels, cell cycle G1 stage and promotes survival of MCF‐10A cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Runx2 expression increases EGF‐induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR) and relieves Mek/Erk‐mediated negative regulation of pEGFR and pAkt levels. Altogether, our results identify functions of Runx2 in MAPK and PI3K signaling crosstalk in MCF‐10A cells that could be critical in understanding the mammary epithelial cell growth and survival. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 2208–2217, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
VEGF and Angiopoietins Promote Inflammatory Cell Recruitment and Mature Blood Vessel Formation in Murine Sponge/Matrigel Model
Authors: Sinnathamby Tharsika , Jin Tae Yun , Clavet‐Lanthier Marie‐Élaine , Cheong Cheolho , Sirois Martin G. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA key feature in the induction of pathological angiogenesis is that inflammation precedes and accompanies the formation of neovessels as evidenced by increased vascular permeability and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Previously, we and other groups have shown that selected growth factors, namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins (Ang1 and Ang2) do not only promote angiogenesis, but can also induce inflammatory response. Herein, given a pro‐inflammatory environment, we addressed the individual capacity of VEGF and angiopoietins to promote the formation of mature neovessels and to identify the different types of inflammatory cells accompanying the angiogenic process over time. Sterilized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges soaked in growth factor‐depleted Matrigel mixed with PBS, VEGF, Ang1, or Ang2 (200 ng/200 µl) were subcutaneously inserted into anesthetized mice. Sponges were removed at day 4, 7, 14, or 21 post‐procedure for histological, immunohistological (IHC), and flow cytometry analyses. As compared to PBS‐treated sponges, the three growth factors promoted the recruitment of inflammatory cells, mainly neutrophils and macrophages, and to a lesser extent, T‐ and B‐cells. In addition, they were more potent and more rapid in the recruitment of endothelial cells (ECs) and in the formation and maturation (ensheating of smooth muscle cells around ECs) of neovessels. Thus, the autocrine/paracrine interaction among the different inflammatory cells in combination with VEGF, Ang1, or Ang2 provides a suitable microenvironment for the formation and maturation of blood vessels. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 45–57, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ability of Circulating Human Hematopoietic Lineage Negative Cells to Support Hematopoiesis
Authors: Peris Pilar , Roforth Matthew M. , Nicks Kristy M. , Fraser Daniel , Fujita Koji , Jilka Robert L. , Khosla Sundeep , McGregor Ulrike 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self‐renewal is regulated by osteoblast and/or endothelial cells within the hematopoietic niche. However, the true identity of the supporting cells and the nature of the secreted factors remain uncertain. We developed a novel mouse model and analyzed whether circulating human peripheral hematopoietic lineage negative/AP+ (lin−/AP+) cells support hematopoiesis in vivo. Thus, immunocompromised (Rag) mice expressing thymidine kinase (Tk) under the control of the 3.6Col1α1 promoter (Tk‐Rag) were treated with ganciclovir, resulting in osteoblast progenitor cell ablation and subsequent loss of hematopoiesis (evaluated by measuring mouse Ter119+ erythroid cells). Following hematopoietic cell depletion, human bone marrow‐derived marrow stromal cells (MSCs) or lin−/AP+ cells were infused into Tk‐Rag mice and compared with saline infusions. Ganciclovir significantly reduced (7.4‐fold) Ter119+ cells in the bone marrow of Tk‐Rag mice compared to saline injections. Infusion of either MSCs or lin−/AP+ cells into ganciclovir‐treated mice resulted in a 3.3‐fold and 2.7‐fold increase (P < 0.01), respectively, in Ter119+ cells compared to mice receiving saline. Relative to lin−/AP− cells, lin−/AP+ cells expressed high levels of mesenchymal, endothelial, and hematopoiesis supporting genes. Thus, human peripheral blood lin−/AP+ cells represent a novel cell type capable of supporting hematopoiesis in a manner comparable to MSCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 58–66, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glucose Availability and Glycolytic Metabolism Dictate Glycosphingolipid Levels
Authors: Stathem Morgan , Marimuthu Subathra , O'Neal Julie , Rathmell Jeffrey C. , Chesney Jason A. , Beverly Levi J. , Siskind Leah J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCancer therapeutics has seen an emergence and re‐emergence of two metabolic fields in recent years, those of bioactive sphingolipids and glycolytic metabolism. Anaerobic glycolysis and its implications in cancer have been at the forefront of cancer research for over 90 years. More recently, the role of sphingolipids in cancer cell metabolism has gained recognition, notably ceramide's essential role in programmed cell death and the role of the glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) in chemotherapeutic resistance. Despite this knowledge, a direct link between these two fields has yet to be definitively drawn. Herein, we show that in a model of highly glycolytic cells, generation of the glycosphingolipid (GSL) glucosylceramide (GlcCer) by GCS was elevated in response to increased glucose availability, while glucose deprivation diminished GSL levels. This effect was likely substrate dependent, independent of both GCS levels and activity. Conversely, leukemia cells with elevated GSLs showed a significant change in GCS activity, but no change in glucose uptake or GCS expression. In a leukemia cell line with elevated GlcCer, treatment with inhibitors of glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) significantly decreased GlcCer levels. When combined with pre‐clinical inhibitor ABT‐263, this effect was augmented and production of pro‐apoptotic sphingolipid ceramide increased. Taken together, we have shown that there exists a definitive link between glucose metabolism and GSL production, laying the groundwork for connecting two distinct yet essential metabolic fields in cancer research. Furthermore, we have proposed a novel combination therapeutic option targeting two metabolic vulnerabilities for the treatment of leukemia. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 67–80, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
6,6′‐Bieckol inhibits adipocyte differentiation through downregulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 cells
Authors: Kwon Tae‐Hyung , Wu Yong‐Xiang , Kim Jong‐Shik , Woo Jung‐Hee , Park Kyu Tae , Kwon O Jun , Seo Hyun‐Ju , Kim Taewan , Park Nyun‐Ho 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBrown algae have been used for their nutritional value as well as a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti‐obesity effects. Obesity is an important condition implicated in various diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease. However, anti‐obesity effects of Eisenia bicyclis remain unknown.RESULTSWe investigated the anti‐obesity effects of 6,6′‐bieckol, 6,8′‐bieckol, 8,8′‐bieckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol A isolated from E. bicyclis. Anti‐obesity activity was evaluated by examining the inhibition of differentiation of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCATT/enhancer‐binding protein α (C/EBPα) and sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) at the mRNA and protein level. Differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells were treated with the purified phlorotannins at concentrations of 10, 25 and 50 µg mL−1 for 8 days. The results indicated that the purified phlorotannins suppressed the differentiation of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes in a dose–dependent manner, without toxic effects. Among the five compounds, 6,6′‐bieckol markedly decreased lipid accumulation and expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP‐1c (mRNA and protein), and fatty acid synthase and acyl‐coA carboxylase (mRNA).CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that E. bicyclis suppressed differentiation of 3T3‐L1 adipocyte through downregulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Outcomes in the management of esophageal cancer
Authors: Paul Subroto , Altorki Nasser 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEsophageal cancer rates have continued to rise in the Western World. Esophageal cancer will be responsible for an estimated 15,450 deaths in the United States in 2014 alone. Esophageal resection with or without preoperative therapy remains the mainstay of treatment. Advances in surgical technique and perioperative care have improved short‐term outcomes considerably by decreasing operative mortality. Despite these advances though, esophagectomy remains a procedure associated with considerable morbidity from a wide range of complications. Prompt recognition and treatment of complications can lower overall morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, long‐term outcomes remain poor as the vast majority of patients present with loco‐regionally advanced or metastatic disease. Surgery by itself provides poor loco‐regional control and fails to address micrometastatic disease. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation provides a modest survival advantage compared to surgical resection alone. Future gains in understanding the molecular biology of esophageal cancer will hopefully lead to improved therapeutics and resultant outcomes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:599–610. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel two‐dimensional preparative chromatography method designed for the separation of traditional animal Tibetan medicine Osteon Myospalacem Baileyi
Authors: Jiang Lei , Tao Yanduo , Wang Dan , Tang Chuchen , Shao Yun , Wang Qilan , Zhao Xiaohui , Zhang Yaozhou , Mei Lijuan 
Published: August 2014

Animal medicine is an important part in traditional Tibetan medicine. However, information about the chemical composition of animal medicine is very limited, and there is a lack of comprehensive chromatographic purification methods. In the present work, animal medicine Osteon Myospalacem Baileyi was taken as an example and a novel two‐dimensional preparative chromatographic method was established for the preparation of single compounds with high purity from the extract of Osteon Myospalacem Baileyi. The first‐dimension preparation was carried on a DAISO Silica prep column, and ten fractions were obtained from the 112.3 g crude sample within 12 injections. A diol prep column used in nonaqueous mobile phase was selected for the second‐dimension preparation. The purity of the compounds isolated from the crude extract was >98%, which indicated that the method built in this work was efficient to manufacture single compounds of high purity from the extract of Osteon Myospalacem Baileyi. Additionally, this method showed great potential in the purification of weakly polar chemicals and it could act as a good example in the purification of other traditional animal medicines.
Vortex‐assisted surfactant‐enhanced‐emulsification liquid–liquid microextraction of biogenic amines in fermented foods before their simultaneous analysis by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Donthuan Jaruwan , Yunchalard Sirinda , Srijaranai Supalax 
Published: August 2014

A simple, rapid, sensitive, and environmentally friendly method, based on modified dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed for the simultaneous determination of five biogenic amines in fermented food samples. Biogenic amines were derivatized with 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate, extracted by vortex‐assisted surfactant‐enhanced emulsification liquid–liquid microextraction, and then analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Five biogenic amine compounds were separated within 30 min using a C18 column and gradient elution with acetonitrile and 1% acetic acid. Factors influencing the derivatization and extraction efficiency such as type and volume of extraction solvent, type, and concentration of surfactant, pH, salt addition, and vortex time were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method provided the enrichment factors in the range of 161–553. Good linearity was obtained from 0.002–0.5 mg/L for cadaverine and tyramine, 0.003–1 mg/L for tryptamine and histamine, and 0.005–1 mg/L for spermidine with coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.992. The limits of detection ranged from 0.0010 to 0.0026 mg/L. The proposed method was successfully applied to analysis of biogenic amines in fermented foods such as fermented fish (plaa‐som), wine and beer where good recoveries were obtained in the range of 83.2–112.5%
A method for monitoring enamel erosion using laser irradiated surfaces and optical coherence tomography
Authors: Chan Kenneth H. , Tom Henry , Darling Cynthia L. , Fried Daniel 
Published: August 2014

IntroductionSince optical coherence tomography (OCT) is well suited for measuring small dimensional changes on tooth surfaces, OCT has great potential for monitoring tooth erosion. Previous studies have shown that enamel areas ablated by a carbon dioxide laser manifested lower rates of erosion compared to the non‐ablated areas. The purpose of this study was to develop a model to monitor erosion in vitro that could potentially be used in vivo.MethodsThirteen bovine enamel blocks were used in this in vitro study. Each 10 mm × 2 mm block was partitioned into five regions, the central region was unprotected, the adjacent windows were irradiated by a CO2 laser operating at 9.3 µm with a fluence of 2.4 J/cm2, and the outermost windows were coated with acid resistant varnish. The samples were exposed to a pH cycling regimen that caused both erosion and subsurface demineralization for 2, 4 and 6 days. The surfaces were scanned using a time‐domain polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS‐OCT) system and the degree of surface loss (erosion) and the integrated reflectivity with lesion depth was calculated for each window.ResultsThere was a large and significant reduction in the depth of surface loss (erosion) and the severity of demineralization in the areas irradiated by the laser.ConclusionIrradiation of the enamel surface with a pulsed carbon dioxide laser at sub‐ablative intensities results in significant inhibition of erosion and demineralization under the acid challenge employed in this study. In addition, these results suggest that it may be feasible to modify regions of the enamel surface using the laser to serve as reference marks to monitor the rate of erosion in vivo. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:672–678, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vertebral Compression Fractures: Towards a Standard Scoring Methodology in Paleopathology
Authors: Curate F. , Silva T. F. , Cunha E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractVertebral compression fractures are the most common osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Notwithstanding, its clinical diagnosis remains ambiguous. In paleopathological studies, vertebral fractures and/or deformations are frequently disregarded. When observed, vertebral compression fractures are usually recorded without the support of quantifiable and comparable protocols. As such, Genant's semi‐quantitative method for vertebral compression fracture assessment was applied to a large sample (N = 196) from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection, Portugal, and the reliability of the method was tested. Vertebral fracture scoring agreement was evaluated with the kappa statistic and the per cent of agreement. Intra‐observer agreement was almost perfect, whereas inter‐observer agreement was substantial to almost perfect. The Genant's semi‐quantitative scoring methodology is easy to apply and highly reproducible; as such, it should be adopted as the standard method to score vertebral fractures in any paleopathological investigation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ATF4 and N‐Myc coordinate glutamine metabolism in MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma cells through ASCT2 activation
Authors: Ren Ping , Yue Ming , Xiao Daibiao , Xiu Ruijuan , Gan Lei , Liu Hudan , Qing Guoliang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAmplification of the MYCN gene in human neuroblastoma predicts poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. We previously showed that MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma cells constantly require large amounts of glutamine to support their unabated growth. However, the identity and regulation of the transporter(s) that capture glutamine in MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma cells and the clinical significance of the transporter(s) in neuroblastoma diagnosis remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a systemic glutamine influx analysis and identified that MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma cells predominantly rely on activation of ASCT2 (solute carrier family 1 member 5, SLC1A5) to maintain sufficient levels of glutamine essential for the TCA cycle anaplerosis. Consequently, ASCT2 depletion profoundly inhibited glutaminolysis, concomitant with a substantial decrease in cell proliferation and viability in vitro and inhibition of tumourigenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, we identified ATF4 as a novel regulator which coordinates with N‐Myc to directly activate ASCT2 expression. Of note, ASCT2 expression, which correlates with that of N‐Myc and ATF4, is markedly elevated in high‐stage neuroblastoma tumour samples compared with low‐stage ones. More importantly, high ASCT2 expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis and survival of neuroblastoma patients. In aggregate, these findings elucidate a novel mechanism depicting how cell autonomous insults (MYCN amplification) and microenvironmental stresses (ATF4 induction) in concert coordinate ASCT2 activation to promote aggressive neuroblastoma progression, and establish ASCT2 as a novel biomarker in patient prognosis and stratification. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Sexual Function before and after Total Hip Replacement: Narrative Review
Authors: Meiri Rotem , Rosenbaum Talli Y. , Kalichman Leonid 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
More than 1 million total hip replacements (THRs) are performed every year worldwide. Achieving decreased pain, increased mobility, and improved quality of life (QoL) are key factors in the decision to undergo THR. Sexual activity is a valued component of QoL; however, little is known about how THR affects sexual functioning or the extent to which health care providers address sexuality in THR patients.

Aim
The aim of the study was to assess the literature regarding sexuality and sexual function in patients before and after THR.

Methods
PubMed, Google Scholar, and PEDro databases were searched without search limitations from inception until December 2013 for terms relating to sexual function and THR.

Results
Sexual activity before and after a THR is an important QoL issue. In patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis, THR has been reported to have beneficial effects in restoring sexual satisfaction and performance. While research has recently been conducted to determine the range of motion of the hip joints necessary to execute certain sexual positions, there remains a lack of validated guidelines and the risks related to sexual activity after THR is rarely discussed between patients and medical staff.

Conclusions
The ability to move comfortably is included among the many physical and psychosocial factors influencing sexual functioning. Practitioners should be encouraged to question their THR patients about sexual concerns and to provide counseling related to physical and functional aspects of sexual activity. Rehabilitation that focuses specifically on activities of daily living of sex should include sexual counseling, therapeutic exercise, and advice regarding sexual positions. Rehabilitation provided by physical therapists may help decrease pain, and facilitate greater self-awareness, self-confidence, and improved body image, all of which encourage and affirm optimal sexual health.