bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity and Stability of Lipase Preparations from Penicillium corylophilum: Potential Use in Biocatalysis
Authors: Romero Cintia M. , Baigorí Mario D. , Baron Alessandra Machado , Krieger Nadia , Pera Licia M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBiocatalysts with lipase activity were produced by Penicillium corylophilum under basal and olive oil‐induced conditions. In the presence of olive oil, both the extracellular and the mycelium‐bound lipase activities were increased significantly. The four biocatalysts maintained a residual lipase activity after incubation in a wide pH range showing high stability in a defined acidic to neutral pH range. Some differences between biocatalyst residual activities were also observed after incubation at various temperatures or in the presence of organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, butanol, hexanol, n‐hexane, and heptane. Enzymes which are stable in the presence of ethanol or butanol could be useful in ecofriendly processes for biodiesel production.
Electronic Circular Dichroism of Chiral Alkenes: B3LYP and CAM‐B3LYP Calculations
Authors: Jorge Francisco E. , Jorge Sara S. , Suave Rogério N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTime‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) are widely used to determine absolute configurations (ACs) of chiral molecules. Two very popular DFT exchange‐correlation functionals, one hybrid (B3LYP) and one long‐range corrected (CAM‐B3LYP), along with a hierarchical sequence of basis sets were investigated, and the ECD spectra predicted for eight alkenes and compared to gas‐phase experimental spectra. Little variation in predicted ECD spectra was found with the basis set size enlargement, but the sensitivity to the functional is greater. Good agreement was obtained only with the CAM‐B3LYP functional, leading to the conclusion that TDDFT calculations of ECD spectra can routinely provide reliable ACs if and only if an appropriate functional is used. For camphene, twistene, syn‐(E)‐bisfenchylidene, and phyllocladene, solvent effects were estimated. Chirality 27:23–31, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Novel Camphor‐Derived Bifunctional Thiourea Organocatalysts
Authors: Ričko Sebastijan , Golobič Amalija , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko , Grošelj Uroš 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSynthesis and catalyst performance of 2,3‐ (types B and C) and 2,8‐disubstituted (type D) thiourea bifunctional organocatalysts was attempted. The synthesis of catalyst of type B has, so far, not been realized, while catalysts of type C, i.e., the 2,3‐exo‐ and the 2‐endo‐3‐exo‐thiourea catalysts, were prepared in six steps starting from (+)‐camphor. The catalysts of type D were prepared from (+)‐camphor in eight steps. All the potential catalysts as well as most of the intermediate products were carefully structurally characterized. The thiourea bifunctional organocatalysts were tested in a model reaction of Michael addition of dimethyl malonate to trans‐β‐nitrostyrene. Chirality 27:39–52, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioreducible Guanidinylated Polyethylenimine for Efficient Gene Delivery
Authors: Lee Duhwan , Lee Yeong Mi , Jeong Cherlhyun , Lee Jun , Kim Won Jong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCationic polymers are known to afford efficient gene transfection. However, cytotoxicity remains a problem at the molecular weight for optimal DNA delivery. As such, optimized polymeric gene delivery systems are still a sought‐after research goal. A guanidinylated bioreducible branched polyethylenimine (GBPEI‐SS) was synthesized by using a disulfide bond to crosslink the guanidinylated BPEI (GBPEI). GBPEI‐SS showed sufficient plasmid DNA (pDNA) condensation ability. The physicochemical properties of GBPEI‐SS demonstrate that it has the appropriate size (∼200 nm) and surface potential (∼30 mV) at a nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratio of 10. No significant toxicity was observed, possibly due to bioreducibility and to the guanidine group delocalizing the positive charge of the primary amine in BPEI. Compared with the nonguanidinylated analogue, BPEI‐SS, GBPEI‐SS showed enhanced transfection efficiency owing to increased cellular uptake and efficient pDNA release by cleavage of disulfide bonds. This system is very efficient for delivering pDNA into cells, thereby achieving high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity.
An anonymous and untraceable password‐based authentication scheme for session initiation protocol using smart cards
Authors: Farash Mohammad Sabzinejad , Attari Mahmoud Ahmadian 
Published: October 2014

SummaryRecently, Zhang et al. proposed a password‐based authenticated key agreement for session initiation protocol (Int J Commun Syst 2013, doi:10.1002/dac.2499). They claimed that their protocol is secure against known security attacks. However, in this paper, we indicate that the protocol by Zhang et al. is vulnerable to impersonation attack whereby an active adversary without knowing the user's password is able to introduce himself/herself as the user. In addition, we show that the protocol by Zhang et al. suffers from password changing attack. To overcome the weaknesses, we propose an improved authentication scheme for session initiation protocol. The rigorous analysis shows that our scheme achieves more security than the scheme by Zhang et al. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of and comparison between a semidistributed rainfall–runoff hydrological model (PREVAH) and a spatially distributed snow‐evolution model (SnowModel) for snow cover prediction in mountain ecosystems
Authors: Randin Christophe F. , Dedieu Jean‐Pierre , Zappa Massimiliano , Long Li , Dullinger Stefan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSnow cover is an important control in mountain environments and a shift of the snow‐free period triggered by climate warming can strongly impact ecosystem dynamics. Changing snow patterns can have severe effects on alpine plant distribution and diversity. It thus becomes urgent to provide spatially explicit assessments of snow cover changes that can be incorporated into correlative or empirical species distribution models (SDMs).Here, we provide for the first time a with a lower overestimation comparison of two physically based snow distribution models (PREVAH and SnowModel) to produce snow cover maps (SCMs) at a fine spatial resolution in a mountain landscape in Austria. SCMs have been evaluated with SPOT‐HRVIR images and predictions of snow water equivalent from the two models with ground measurements. Finally, SCMs of the two models have been compared under a climate warming scenario for the end of the century.The predictive performances of PREVAH and SnowModel were similar when validated with the SPOT images. However, the tendency to overestimate snow cover was slightly lower with SnowModel during the accumulation period, whereas it was lower with PREVAH during the melting period. The rate of true positives during the melting period was two times higher on average with SnowModel with a lower overestimation of snow water equivalent.Our results allow for recommending the use of SnowModel in SDMs because it better captures persisting snow patches at the end of the snow season, which is important when modelling the response of species to long‐lasting snow cover and evaluating whether they might survive under climate change. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complexation of NpV Ions with 1,10‐Phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarboxylic Acid: Spectrophotometric and Microcalorimetric Studies
Authors: Yang Yanqiu , Zhang Zhicheng , Luo Shunzhong , Rao Linfeng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe complexation of NpV ions with a tetradentate ligand with oxygen and nitrogen donors, 1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarboxylic acid (denoted as H2L), was studied in aqueous solutions by spectrophotometric and calorimetric methods. NpV ions form a very strong 1:1 complex, NpO2L–, with the stability constant log β = 11.73 ± 0.02 in 0.1 M NaClO4 at 25 °C. It is a much stronger complex than those of NpV ions with related ligands such as picolinic acid or dipicolinic acid, as the higher denticity of 1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarboxylic acid results in a larger entropic effect on the complexation. It is expected that the amide derivatives of 1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarboxylic acid would be excellent extractants in the separation of NpV ions, which are problematic in actinide separation processes owing to their very low extractability by many extractants.
Polyrotaxaned versus Interdigitated Super‐Arrays of Loop‐and‐Chain Strands: Role of the Anion in Formation of Silver(0) Particles
Authors: Jang Jaeseong , Noh Tae Hwan , Park Jin Kyoon , Shim Yoon‐Bo , Jung Ok‐Sang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSelf‐assembly of AgX (X– = BF4–, ClO4–, and NO3–) with C3‐symmetric 1,3,5‐tris(isonicotinoyloxyethyl)cyanurate (L) yields 1D loop‐and‐chain strands. However, the formation of a super‐array of strands depends on the nature of the polyatomic anions: BF4– and ClO4– anions induce 1D polyrotaxaned loop‐and‐chain strands, whereas NO3– anion leads to the formation of 2D‐like interdigitated loop‐and‐chain strands in the crystalline state. Calcination of [Ag3(L)2]3X (X– = BF4– and NO3–) crystals at 500 °C produces silver(0) particles, whereas the same treatment of [Ag3(L)2]3ClO4 crystals affords a mixture of silver(0) and silver(I) chloride. The rates of formation of Ag0 nanoparticles by reduction of crystalline products using ascorbic acid are in the order X– = ClO4– > BF4– > NO3–, and their crystalline morphologies are dependent on the nature of the polyatomic anions.
Oxone®/KI‐Mediated Nitration of Alkenes and Alkynes: Synthesis of Nitro‐ and β‐Iodonitro‐Substituted Alkenes
Authors: Hlekhlai Sornsiri , Samakkanad Natthapol , Sawangphon Tassaporn , Pohmakotr Manat , Reutrakul Vichai , Soorukram Darunee , Jaipetch Thaworn , Kuhakarn Chutima 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOxone® (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4) was used to promote the nitration of alkenes and alkynes with sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and potassium iodide (KI). This stable, easy‐to‐handle, and environmentally benign oxidant was used under mild conditions (room temperature) and provided short reaction times. Styrene derivatives that did not contain electron‐donating groups afforded the corresponding nitro alkenes in moderate to good yields, whereas aliphatic alkenes and electron‐deficient alkenes were not good substrates. Under similar reaction conditions, aryl alkynes yielded β‐iodonitro alkenes.
Neocryptolepine (Cryprotackieine), A Unique Bioactive Natural Product: Isolation, Synthesis, and Profile of Its Biological Activity
Authors: Bracca Andrea B. J. , Heredia Daniel A. , Larghi Enrique L. , Kaufman Teodoro S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe widely varying different approaches to the total synthesis of the indoloquinoline alkaloid neocryptolepine are discussed. Aspects relating to the isolation of the natural product from Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, as well as its performance in various biological tests and spectroscopic studies involving the natural product, are also reviewed.
Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyst‐Mediated Domino Reaction of γ‐Nitro Ketones with Chalcones: Approach to Functionalized Six‐Membered‐Ring Carbocycles
Authors: Yu Lu , Yang Qingjing , Li Pengfei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDomino reactions between γ‐nitro ketones and chalcones for the construction of functionalized six‐membered‐ring carbocycles using a phase‐transfer catalyst have been developed. In the presence of tetrabutylammonium iodide and potassium hydroxide, domino reactions between γ‐nitro ketones and a series of chalcones proceeded smoothly to give the cyclic products in moderate to high yields with high diastereoselectivities. Importantly, multiply substituted and functionalized six‐membered‐ring carbocycles could be efficiently prepared in one pot using this domino strategy.
Reactions of p‐Quinols with Aldehydes and Imines: Stereoselective Access to Polyheterobicyclic and Tricyclic Systems
Authors: García‐García Carolina , Redondo María C. , Ribagorda María , Carreño M. Carmen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDihydrobenzo[1,3]dioxolanones, tetrahydrobenzo[d]oxazolones and heterotricyclic derivatives have been stereoselectively synthesized from p‐quinols upon reaction with aldehydes or benzaldimines under basic catalysis. Reactions occurred in an experimentally simple one‐pot procedure through a domino sequence of two or three reactions. The choice of 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) or 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as catalyst and MeOH, tetrahydrofuran (THF), or dichloromethane as solvent was essential to achieve the synthesis of bicyclic dioxolanes from aldehydes or bicyclic or tricyclic N,O‐aminals from imines. The stereochemical course of these processes is highly dependent on the nature of the electrophiles.
Synthesis of a Photostable Energy‐Transfer Pair for “DNA Traffic Lights”
Authors: Bohländer Peggy R. , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new cyano‐substituted thiazole red derivative as a red emitter and a novel green fluorescent donor dye of the cyanine styryl type were synthesized in good yields. Characterization of their optical properties revealed excellent photostabilities and large apparent Stokes' shifts. Both dyes can be incorporated into oligonucleotides through postsynthetic “click”‐type chemistry and combined in a diagonal arrangement in double‐stranded DNA. As a result, both dyes combine to an energy‐transfer pair in DNA that shows remarkable optical properties such as significant emission wavelength shift from green to red upon hybridization owing to high energy‐transfer efficiency between the two dyes and remarkable emission red/green color contrast ratio. The combination of these dyes as an energy‐transfer pair according to our concept of “DNA traffic lights” has high potential for applications in molecular imaging.
Wie lange noch?
Authors: Ahrens Mark Alexander , Sanio David 
Published: October 2014

AbstractUnablässiger Verkehr, Korrosion und Witterung setzen dem Spannstahl in Brücken mächtig zu. Bauingenieure setzen auf Rechenmodelle, mit denen sich der Ermüdungsfortschritt und damit die Nutzungsdauer der Bauwerke besser einschätzen lässt. Wie sicher die Prognosen sind, ist von der Güte der Daten und der Genauigkeit der angewandten Verfahren ab.
Der Künstler spricht mit sich selbst
Authors: Arnhold Hermann , Pirsig‐Marshall Tanja 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAls Maler gehört August Macke zu den Ikonen des Expressionismus. Weit weniger bekannt ist sein zeichnerisches Werk – dabei gehört es zu den eindrucksvollsten künstlerischen Leistungen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Ein Digitalisierungsprojekt in Münster macht dieses facettenreiche Œuvre jetzt online zugänglich.
Dying and multiplying life
Authors: Rodríguez‐Arias David 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIt was only after James P. Lovette's death, in 2006, that I discovered that the twenty‐four‐year‐old colleague and friend with whom I had spent so many afternoons debating issues in organ transplantation had been the first successful child heart transplantee in the world and one of the longest‐living survivors of a second transplant. During the years we met, he never even hinted at the fact that three different hearts had beaten in his chest. The revelation that his life had been an almost uninterrupted chain of medical challenges suddenly made me appreciate his quirkiness in a whole new light.Organ transplantation crudely exemplifies a traditional moral dilemma between means and ends: in order to save a life, someone else has to die. Bioethicists involved in this field have the role of identifying the ethical issues surrounding organ donation and helping others to argue in an intelligible and convincing way. In my view, bioethicists have the obligation to foster a discussion as open and transparent as possible on these matters. Still, I sometimes fear that I may be helping to cause unnecessary harms to potential recipients who are desperately waiting for a vital organ. Scholars would be chillingly cold if their quest for truth systematically came at the cost of lives lost. Every life can be meaningful and provide meaning to many others. This is true even with organ recipients, who often have short lives full of considerable suffering.
Learning about Teaching
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThere are three broad themes in this issue of the Hastings Center Report. First, a special report published as a supplement to the issue addresses the medical and health policy issues faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients. Inside the issue, the two articles take up questions about how caregivers may justify a refusal to provide a medical service that a patient has requested. The issue also contains a set of essays that have emerged from a collaborative effort by The Hastings Center and the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues to promote scholarly engagement with the practical problem of teaching caregivers, researchers, scientists, and others to address bioethical problems. What appears here is the first installment of a series that will appear in the pages of the Report well into the 2015 volume.
Disingenuous: The Latest Legal Challenges to Insurance Market Reforms
Authors: Hall Mark A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNot since the civil rights era has enacted national legislation been fought so fiercely as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Political, ideological, and social forces have mobilized to undermine the ACA at numerous fronts, including the Supreme Court, Congress, state governments, and the court of public opinion. The ACA has survived a constitutional challenge, a presidential re‐election, numerous repeal votes in the House, and avowedly obstreperous state regulators. But it has not yet run the full gauntlet of lethal strategies. The latest line of attack is a collection of orchestrated lawsuits seeking to keep the federal exchange from paying any premium tax subsidies.What if the challengers eventually prevail? What would happen then?
The Ethics of Translating High‐Throughput Science into Clinical Practice
Authors: Ossorio Pilar N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBiomedical research is increasingly data intensive and computational, and “big data science” is migrating into the clinical arena. Unfortunately, ethicists, regulators, and policy‐makers have barely begun to explore the ethical, legal, and social issues raised by the variety of analytical and computational approaches in use and under development in biology and medicine. Most scholarship concerning big data bioscience has focused on privacy, a vitally important consideration but not the only one. Among the issues raised by new computational technologies are questions about safety and safety assessment, justice, and how to obtain proper informed consent. These technologies also raise a myriad of regulatory issues that could influence the probability of translating new assays or computational tools to the clinical or public health spheres.
Teaching Bioethics
Authors: Lee Lisa M. , Solomon Mildred Z. , Gutmann Amy 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFrom accessible and affordable health care to old or new reproductive technologies, human or animal research, and beyond, the justice and well‐being of our society depends on the ability of key groups—such as scientists and health care providers—along with members of the public to identify the key issues, articulate their values and concerns, deliberate openly and respectfully, and together find the most defensible ways forward.The Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues and The Hastings Center are committed to improving the ethical literacy of the American public in the domain of bioethics. But what are the best educational practices to spur and support these sorts of societal conversations? And where are the greatest gaps in our collective knowledge of how best to inspire and increase moral understanding, analytical thinking in the moral domain, and professional integrity?
Genes, Race, and the Ethics of Belief
Authors: Anomaly Jonathan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA Troublesome Inheritance, by Nicholas Wade, should be read by anyone interested in race and recent human evolution. Wade deserves credit for challenging the popular dog­ma that biological differences between groups either don't exist or cannot ex­plain the relative success of different groups at different tasks. Wade's work should be read alongside another re­cent book, The 10,000 Year Explosion: How Civilization Accelerated Human Evolution, by Gregory Cochran and Henry Harpending. Together, these books represent a ma­jor turning point in the public debate about the speed with which relatively isolated groups can evolve: both books suggest that small genetic differences between members of different groups can have large impacts on their abilities and propensities, which in turn affect the outcomes of the societies in which they live.
Synthesis of “click” alginate hydrogel capsules and comparison of their stability, water swelling, and diffusion properties with that of Ca+2 crosslinked alginate capsules
Authors: Breger Joyce C. , Fisher Benjamin , Samy Raghu , Pollack Steven , Wang Nam Sun , Isayeva Irada 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIonically crosslinked alginate hydrogels have been extensively explored for encapsulation and immunoisolation of living cells/tissues to develop implantable cell therapies, such as islet encapsulation for bioartificial pancreas. Chemical instability of these hydrogels during long‐term implantation hinders the development of viable cell therapy. The exchange between divalent crosslinking ions (e.g., Ca+2) with monovalent ions from physiological environment causes alginate hydrogels to degrade, resulting in exposure of the donor tissue to the host's immune system and graft failure. The goal of this study was to improve stability of alginate hydrogels by utilizing covalent “click” crosslinking while preserving other biomedically viable hydrogel properties. Alginate was first functionalized to contain either pendant alkyne or azide functionalities, and subsequently reacted via “click” chemistry to form “click” gel capsules. Alginate functionalization was confirmed by NMR and gel permeation chromatography. When compared with Ca+2 capsules, “click” capsules exhibited superior stability in ionic media, while showing higher permeability to small size diffusants and similar molecular weight cut‐off and water swelling. Physicochemical properties of “click” alginate hydrogels demonstrate their potential utility for therapeutic cell encapsulation and other biomedical applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1120–1132, 2015.
In vivo monitoring of rat macrophages labeled with poly(l‐lysine)‐iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Babič Michal , Schmiedtová Martina , Poledne Rudolf , Herynek Vít , Horák Daniel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCoprecipitation of FeCl2 and FeCl3 with aqueous ammonia was used to prepare iron oxide nanoparticles dispersible in aqueous medium. Oxidation of the particles with sodium hypochlorite then yielded maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3) nanoparticles which were coated with two types of coating –d‐mannose or poly(l‐lysine) (PLL) as confirmed by FTIR analysis. The particles were <10 nm according to transmission electron microscopy. Their hydrodynamic particle size was ∼180 nm (by dynamic light scattering). The d‐mannose‐, PLL‐coated, and neat γ‐Fe2O3 particles as well as commercial Resovist® were used to label rat macrophages. The viability and contrast properties of labeled macrophages were compared. PLL‐coated γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles were found optimal. The labeled macrophages were injected to rats monitored in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging up to 48 h. Transport of macrophages labeled with PLL‐γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles in rats was confirmed. Tracking of macrophages using the developed particles can be used for monitoring of inflammations and cell migration in cell therapy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1141–1148, 2015.