bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder: Event‐Related Brain Potentials Show Similar Mechansims of Frontal Inhibition but Dissimilar Target Evaluation Processes
Authors: Johannes Sönke , Wieringa Bernardina M. , Nager Wido , Rada Dominik , Müller-Vahl Kirsten R. , Emrich Hinderk M. , Dengler Reinhard , Münte Thomas F. , Dietrich Detlef 
Published: January 2014

Objectives: Tourette Syndrome (TS) and Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorders (OCD) share many clinical similarities and show a strong comorbidity. Current theories view a frontal‐striatal dysfunction as the underlying cause of many clinical aspects of both disorders.This study sought to investigate mechanisms of conceptual integration and attention in both disorders. We hypothesized that the processing of stimuli with interfering aspects would be altered in a similar way while attentional mechanisms could differ.Methods: Event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded in a modified STROOP‐paradigm in groups of TS and OCD patients and in a control group. The paradigm involved the presentation of color words in a range of different colors. The subjects had to respond to words of matching word content and color and to ignore mismatching stimuli.Results: Incongruent stimuli elicited a frontal negative component (“N450”) which was enhanced in amplitude and prolonged in latency in both patient groups. Matching stimuli evoked enhanced N2 and P3b components representing target evaluation mechanisms. The OCD group alone displayed a larger P3b amplitude in comparison to both other groups.Conclusions: The data are interpreted to indicate that frontal inhibitory mechanisms are altered alike in TS and OCD. In contrast, only the OCD group showed evidence for aberrant target evaluation.
Coupled Bending‐Bending‐Torsion Vibration of a Pre‐Twisted Beam with Aerofoil Cross‐Section by the Finite Element Method
Authors: Yardimoglu Bulent , Inman Daniel J. 
Published: January 2014

The present study deals with a finite element model for coupled bending‐bending‐torsion vibration analysis of a pretwisted Timoshenko beam with varying aerofoil cross‐section. The element derived in this paper has two nodes, with seven degrees of freedom at each node. The nodal variables are transverse displacements, cross‐section rotations and the shear angles in two planes and torsional displacement. The advantage of the present element is the exclusion of unnecessary derivatives of fundamental nodal variables, which were included to obtain invertable square matrix by other researchers, by choosing proper displacement functions and using relationship between cross‐sectional rotation and the shear deformation. Element stiffness and mass matrices are developed from strain and kinetic energy expressions by assigning proper order polynomial expressions for cross‐section properties and considering higher order coupling coefficients. The correctness of the present model is confirmed by the experimental results available in the literature. Comparison of the proposed model results with those in the literature indicates that a faster convergence is obtained. The results presented also provide some insights in the formulation by clearly indicating that higher order coupling terms have considerable influence on the natural frequencies.Erratum to “Coupled Bending-Bending-Torsion Vibration of a Pre-Twisted Beam with Aerofoil Cross-Section by the Finite Element Method”dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/135305
Upper and Lower Face and Ideomotor Apraxia in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Capone Jay Guido , Sala Sergio Della , Spinnler Hans , Venneri Annalena 
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Apraxia of face movement in Alzheimer′s disease (AD) has been rarely investigated. This study aimed at investigating the frequency of lower (mouth, tongue and throat) and upper (eyes and eyebrows) face apraxia, in AD and its relationship with limb apraxia and severity of dementia.Methods: Fifty seven patients with AD were tested with a new standardised test of face apraxia including upper and lower face movements, which uses an item‐difficulty weigthed scoring procedure, the IMA test, a test of ideomotor apraxia and the M.O.D.A., a means to assess dementia severity.Results: Thirteen (23%) and 19 (33%) participants were below cut‐off respectively on the upper and lower face apraxia test. Both sections of the Face Apraxia Test correlated significantly with the Ideomotor Apraxia Test. However, double dissociations between different types of apraxia were observed. Both the upper and lower face apraxia tests correlated significantly with the measure of dementia severity.Conclusions: The finding show that a proportion of AD patients fails face apraxia tests. Their face apraxia is interlinked with ideomotor limb apraxia, although dissociations are possible. Severity of dementia deterioration accounts for a good proportion of the variability of AD patients’ performance on face apraxia tests.
Control of Rotary Cranes Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Al-mousa Amjed A. , Nayfeh Ali H. , Kachroo Pushkin 
Published: January 2014

Rotary cranes (tower cranes) are common industrial structures that are used in building construction, factories, and harbors. These cranes are usually operated manually. With the size of these cranes becoming larger and the motion expected to be faster, the process of controlling them has become difficult without using automatic control methods. In general, the movement of cranes has no prescribed path. Cranes have to be run under different operating conditions, which makes closed‐loop control attractive.In this work a fuzzy logic controller is introduced with the idea of “split‐horizon”; that is, fuzzy inference engines (FIE) are used for tracking the position and others are used for damping the load oscillations. The controller consists of two independent sub‐controllers: radial and rotational. Each of these controllers has two fuzzy inference engines (FIE). Computer simulations are used to verify the performance of the controller. Three simulation cases are presented. In the first case, the crane is operated in the gantry (radial) mode in which the trolley moves along the jib while the jib is fixed. In the second case (rotary mode), the trolley moves along the jib and the jib rotates. In the third case, the trolley and jib are fixed while the load is given an initial disturbance. The results from the simulations show that the fuzzy controller is capable of keeping the load‐oscillation angles small throughout the maneuvers while completing the maneuvers in relatively reasonable times.
Disturbed Monitoring and Response Inhibition in patients with Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome and Co‐Morbid Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Müller Sandra Verena , Johannes Sönke , Wieringa Berdieke , Weber Axel , Müller-Vahl Kirsten , Matzke Mike , Kolbe Hans , Dengler Reinhard , Münte Thomas F. 
Published: January 2014

Objective: Fronto‐striatal dysfunction has been discussed as underlying symptoms of Tourette syndrome (TS) with co‐morbid Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This suggests possible impairments of executive functions in this disorder, which were therefore targeted in the present study.Results: A comprehensive series of neuropsychological tests examining attention, memory and executive functions was performed in a group of 14 TS/OCD in co‐occurrence with OCD patients and a matched control group.Results: While attentional and memory mechanisms were not altered, TS/OCS patients showed deficits in executive functions predominately in the areas of response inhibition and action monitoring.Conclusions: These findings provide further evidence for a substantial impairment of the frontal‐striatal‐thalamic‐frontal circuit. We propose that the deficits in monitoring, error detection and response inhibition constitute the major impairment of TS/OCD patients in the cognitive domain.
Depression and Cognitive Impairment in Disability‐Free Early Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Haase Claus G. , Tinnefeld Michael , Lienemann Marc , Ganz Reinhard E. , Faustmann Pedro M. 
Published: January 2014

Cognitive and emotional capabilities were evaluated in 73 female patients with stable relapsing‐remitting definite, and/or laboratory‐supported multiple sclerosis (MS) and were compared with 32 matched healthy controls. Patients were categorized according to their score in the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) to either no (EDSS 0, n = 33) or few clinical signs (EDSS 1–2, n = 40) of MS without physical disability. Patients with EDSS > 0 were characterized by significantly (p These results indicate that depression may present as an early sign in MS followed by cognitive impairment, in particular visuo‐spatial short‐term memory, before physical disability appears. Neuropsychological tests as mentioned here could serve as early diagnostic tools to detect subtle disease progression and to initiate and monitor disease modifying therapies.Patients with EDSS > 0 were characterized by significantly (p < 0.001) higher scores on “von Zerssen’s“ depression scale,
compared to controls. Patients with higher EDSS scores (1–2) showed significantly decreased performance with respect to the total score of Kimura’s Recurring‐Figures‐Test (p < 0.001), in addition. Regarding visuo‐constructive functioning, patients with EDSS = 0 performed to a significantly lower level (p < 0.001), compared to controls.
High Strain Rate Characterization of Shock Absorbing Materials for Landmine Protection Concepts
Authors: McArthur Jennifer , Salisbury Christopher , Cronin Duane , Worswick Michael , Williams Kevin 
Published: January 2014

Numerical modelling of footwear to protect against anti‐personnel landmines requires dynamic material properties in the appropriate strain rate regime to accurately simulate material response. Several materials (foamed metals, honeycombs and polymers) are used in existing protective boots, however published data at high strain rates is limited.Dynamic testing of several materials was performed using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SHPB) of various sizes and materials. The data obtained from these tests has been incorporated into material models to predict the initial stress wave propagation through the materials. Recommendations for the numerical modeling of these materials have also been included.
A Case of Camptocormia (Bent Spine) Secondary to Early Motor Neuron Disease
Authors: Ozer Feriha , Mutlu Aytul , Meral Hasan 
Published: January 2014

Camptocormia is a gait disorder, characterized by hyperflexion of thoracolumbar spine which increases on walking, and disappears in the supine position.A 48 year‐old man developed progressive gait deterioration for one year and slight weakness and tremor of both hands for five months. It eventually became apparent that the patient had motor neuron disease, as well as symptoms of extrapyramidal disorder.
Application of Wave Propagation to Pyroshock Analysis
Authors: Gherlone M. , Lomario D. , Mattone M. , Ruotolo R. 
Published: January 2014

Pyroshocks are high frequency transients due to pyrotechnic devices used in aerospace engineering in order to deploy solar arrays and antennae, separate subsystems from the spacecraft or separate the spacecraft itself from the base stage booster; their prediction is usually complex and very time consuming.The aim of this article is to investigate on the application of the analysis of transmission of waves in elastic media in order to predict the dynamic response to pyroshocks. The work is completed by numerical examples, related to components of common use in the aerospace engineering field, showing the comparison between results obtained by using both MSC‐NASTRAN and this novel application of wave propagation analysis.
Frequency Domain Analysis of Continuous Systems with Viscous Generalized Damping
Authors: Sorrentino S. , Fasana A. , Marchesiello S. 
Published: January 2014

This paper deals with the effects of generalized damping distributions on vibrating linear systems. The attention is focused on continuous linear systems with distributed and possibly non‐proportional viscous damping, which are studied in terms of modal analysis, defining and discussing the orthogonality properties of their eigenfunctions.Exact expressions of the frequency response functions obtained by direct integration of the equations of motion are compared with the analogous formulas based on the superposition of modes. In addition, approximate expressions of the frequency response functions of both continuous and discrete (finite element models) systems in terms of their undamped eigenfunctions/eigenvectors are also considered and discussed.The presented methods are explained, compared and validated by means of numerical examples on a clamped‐free Euler‐Bernoulli beam.
Development of Laser Rifle Trainer with Full Shot Imitation
Authors: Bansevicius Ramutis , Fedaravicius Algimantas , Ostasevicius Vytautas , Ragulskis Minvydas 
Published: January 2014

Laser trainers are effective tools for shot and sportsmen training. However, the majority of trainers have neither realistic recoil nor sound imitation systems. The objective of the development of laser rifle trainer with full shot imitation was to investigate and simulate the recoil of combat weapons under single and serial shooting regimes so that the training weapons could simulate complete recoil and sound imitation.Theoretical and experimental investigations lead to the development of shot training systems which were successfully implemented in Lithuanian Army combat training facilities. The laser trainers are also equipped with interactive software interface which does not only control and register the process of shooting but also can reproduce the whole set of statistical data, including psychological impact on the rifleman and detection of his training problems. The incorporation of multimedia advances the system up to interactive laser shot trainer in virtual combat reality.
Wave Propagation in Periodic Shells with Tapered Wall Thickness and Changing Material Properties
Authors: Toso M. , Baz A. 
Published: January 2014

A theoretical method based on the Transfer Matrix Formulation and Wavelet Transforms is developed in order to effectively investigate the influence of periodicity, variable geometry and material properties on the wave propagation characteristics of axis‐symmetric shells. Several experiments have been conducted to verify the numerical predictions and to demonstrate that the Wavelet Transform is a very powerful tool to uniquely identify and compare the energy distribution both in the time and frequency domain.Thin shells are modeled as two‐dimensional wave‐guides, where the propagation of the longitudinal waves is coupled with the flexural (radial) waves. Variations of the wall thickness, medium radius and element length of the shell can effectively filter out/stop undesirable bands of frequencies from the longitudinal and/or the transverse wave characteristics. The principal parameter that influences the width and location of the stop bands is the ratio between the cross sections at the two ends of the shell element. Sophisticated exponential profiles and simpler linear taper are implemented and compared.Functionally graded materials (FGM) are also investigated as an alternative way to influence the parameters of the stop bands. Combinations of the FGM and geometric taper give the flexibility needed for some very demanding applications. Different types of periodic taper configurations have complementary effects on the wave characteristics. Combinations of these complex geometries (bi-periodic tapered cells) are presented and shown to produce the most effectual energy redistribution.
A Cognitive Neuropsychological and Psychophysiological Investigation of a Patient Who Exhibited an Acute Exacerbated Behavioural Response during Innocuous Somatosensory Stimulation and Movement
Authors: Edelstyn N. M. J. , Baker S. R. , Ellis S. J. , Jenkinson P. 
Published: January 2014

We report findings from a cognitive neuropsychological and psychophysiological investigation of a patient who displayed an exacerbated acute emotional expression during movement, innocuous, and aversive somatosensory stimulation. The condition developed in the context of non‐specific white matter ischaemia along with abnormalities in the cortical white matter of the left anterior parietal lobe, and subcortical white matter of the left Sylvian cortex.Cognitive neuropsychological assessment revealed a pronounced deficiency in executive function, relative to IQ, memory, attention, language and visual processing. Compared to a normal control group, the patient [EQ] displayed a significantly elevated skin conductance level during both innocuous and aversive somatosensory stimulation. His pain tolerance was also significantly reduced. Despite this, EQ remained able to accurately describe the form of stimulation taking place, and to rate the levels of pain intensity and pain affect.These results suggest that EQ’s exaggerated behavioural response and reduced pain tolerance to somatosensory stimulation may be linked to cognitive changes, possibly related to increased apprehension and fear, rather than altered pain intensity or pain affect per se.
Parkinson’s Disease Protects Against Smoking?
Authors: Allam Mohamed Farouk , Campbell Michael J. , Del Castillo Amparo Serrano , Navajas Rafael Fernández-Crehuet 
Published: January 2014

Our aim was to estimate the pooled risk of current and former smoking for Parkinson’s disease (PD).We have reviewed all observational studies that evaluated the association between PD risk and smoking habit. Twenty six studies were identified: 21 case‐control, 4 cohort and 1 cross‐sectional. The cross‐sectional study did not compare former with never smokers. These studies were carried out between 1968 and 2000.There was an obvious protective effect of current smoking in the pooled estimate [risk estimate 0.37 (95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.41)]. Former versus never smokers had pooled risk estimate of 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.76 to 0.92). Current and former smoking do not, therefore, exert the same protective effect against PD so that it is unnecessary to postulate a biological mechanism through which smoking protects against PD. The results show that the reverse direction of causation is a more probable explanation, i.e. movement disorders of PD protect against smoking. Another explanation is that failure to develop strong smoking habits in early adult life might be a prodromal symptom of the disease and could perhaps be its first clinical manifestation.
Dynamic and Acoustic Characterisation of Automotive Wheels
Authors: Curà Francesca , Curti Graziano 
Published: January 2014

The subject of this paper is the dynamic and acoustic characterisation of an automotive wheel. In particular, an experimental research activity previously performed by the authors about the dynamic behaviour of automotive wheels has been extended to the acoustic field.This experimental research has begun in the laboratory of the Mechanics Department of Politecnico di Torino where the modal analysis of the SAAB 640/6Jx15H2 wheel has been carried on step by step, starting from the rim in the most simple constraint condition to realise in laboratory, that is the free‐free condition, up to the wheel (rim with tire) clamped to a real automotive hub; two cases have been considered: the wheel in hanging condition, that is with the vehicle on a lift‐bridge, and the wheel laying on the ground.Then an acoustic study, analytical, numerical and experimental, of the cavity tire has also been performed. The experimental analysis has been carried on by introducing a microphone in the tire cavity (with no pressure) and by measuring the corresponding response level. The analytical study has been performed by utilising analytical relationships known in literature and a model of the tire cavity with an equivalent geometry. The numerical analysis has been carried on by means of a Boundary Element Method (BEM) model of the cavity.All obtained results, both dynamic and acoustic, have been analysed and compared to those concerning the experimental tests of the wheel clamped to the vehicle hub.
Optimal Cantilever Dynamic Vibration Absorbers by Timoshenko Beam Theory
Authors: Cavacece M. , Vita L. 
Published: January 2014

A double‐ended cantilever beam as a distributed parameter dynamic vibration absorber has been applied to a single‐degree‐of‐freedom system subjected to harmonic forces.In this investigation, the beam has been analyzed under the well known model of Timoshenko and the computation of best parameters is based on the Chebyshev’s optimality criterion.This is somewhat novel in the field since:

The design of cantilever beams as dynamic vibration absorbers is usually made under the hypotheses of the Euler‐Bernoulli theory;
It is the first time that the Chebyshev’s criterion is applied to the design of a double‐ended cantilever beam used as a dynamic vibration absorber.

For a ready use of the results herein presented, design charts allow a quick choice of optimal parameters such as tuning ratio and mass ratio.
Hardware in the Loop Test‐Rig for Identification and Control Application on High Speed Pantographs
Authors: Collina A. , Facchinetti A. , Fossati F. , Resta F. 
Published: January 2014

Trains current collection for traction motors is obtained by means of a sliding contact between the overhead line (OHL) and the collector strips mounted on the pantograph head. The normal force by which the collector presses against the contact wire ensures the contact pressure for the electrical contact. As the train speed increases, the variation of contact force between pantograph and catenary increases, and the pantograph‐OHL dynamic interaction becomes greater. This condition causes excessive mechanical wear and contact wire uplift (for high values of contact forces), and leads to high percentage of contact loss, arcing and electrically related wear.The topic of actively controlled pantograph is gaining more interest as a tool to increase the performance of the current collection at high speed. In the last few years, it appears possible to transfer the knowledge based on numerical experiments, to the real operating condition. An important step in this direction is the set up of a laboratory hardware in the loop test‐rig in which the control strategies and the actuation can be tested, before tests performing in real life conditions, in order to demonstrate their actual feasibility. The present paper describes an hardware in the loop (HIL) test‐rig developed by the authors, which allows to reproduce the dynamical interaction between overhead lines and pantograph in high speed railways. Using the described laboratory set‐up, experimental investigation on the problems related with pantograph‐OHL interaction can be performed, very similarly to the real life operating conditions, with the advantage of varying test parameters and conditions easily.
Experimental Analysis of Out‐of‐Plane Structural Vibrations of Two‐Wheeled Vehicles
Authors: Cossalter V. , Doria A. , Basso R. , Fabris D. 
Published: January 2014

An analysis of the handling and stability of two‐wheeled vehicles depends on structural flexibility. This paper deals with laboratory experimentation carried out to identify the vehicle′s structural modes of vibration. The tests were carried out in stationary conditions considering several combinations of constraints.Although the testing conditions did not correspond completely to actual road conditions, information about the influence of structural modes on weave and wobble modes was obtained. An analysis of the Frequency Response Functions obtained from several kinds of tests made it possible to establish the best testing conditions to obtain the desired information.Experimental results regarding a super‐sport motorcycle and a maxi‐scooter are presented and discussed in this paper.