bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly sensitive serological methods for detecting tomato yellow leaf curl virus in tomato plants and whiteflies
Authors: Xie Yan , Jiao Xiaoyang , Zhou Xueping , Liu Huan , Ni Yuequn , Wu Jianxiang 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a member of the genus Begomovirus in the family Geminiviridae, which causes severe losses in tomato production in tropic and subtropic regions.

Methods
The purified TYLCV virions were used as the immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) using the hybridoma technology. MAb-based dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) and direct tissue blot immunoassay (DTBIA) were developed for sensitive, simple, and rapid detection of TYLCV in field tomato and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) samples collected from TYLCV prevalent provinces in China.

Results
Using the hybridoma technology, six murine MAbs (1C4, 8D10, 6E3, 2F2, 3F4 and 4G3) against TYLCV were prepared. Using the MAb 1C4, dot-ELISA and DTBIA were then established for detecting TYLCV in field tomato and whitefly samples collected from TYLCV prevalent provinces in China. The dot-ELISA could detect TYLCV in infected tissue crude extract diluted at 1:5,120 (w/v, g mL-1), and in viruliferous whitefly homogenate diluted at 1:128 (individual whitefly/μL), respectively. Field tomato samples (n=487) and whitefly samples (n=110) from TYLCV prevalent districts in China were screened for the presence of TYLCV using the two developed methods, and the results were further confirmed by PCR and nucleotide sequencing. The survey revealed that TYLCV is widespread on tomato plants in Zhejiang, Shandong and Henan provinces in China.

Conclusions
The developed dot-ELISA is very suitable for the routine detection of TYLCV in field tomato and whitefly samples, and the DTBIA is more suitable for the routine detection of TYLCV in large-scale tomato plant samples collected from TYLCV prevalent areas.
Engineering cyanobacteria to improve photosynthetic production of alka(e)nes
Authors: Wang Weihua , Liu Xufeng , Lu Xuefeng 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Cyanobacteria can utilize solar energy and convert carbon dioxide into biofuel molecules in one single biological system. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a model cyanobacterium for basic and applied research. Alkanes are the major constituents of gasoline, diesel and jet fuels. A two-step alkane biosynthetic pathway was identified in cyanobacteria recently. It opens a door to achieve photosynthetic production of alka(e)nes with high efficiency by genetically engineering cyanobacteria.

Results
A series of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 mutant strains have been constructed and confirmed. Overexpression of both acyl-acyl carrier protein reductase and aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase from several cyanobacteria strains led to a doubled alka(e)ne production. Redirecting the carbon flux to acyl- ACP can provide larger precursor pool for further conversion to alka(e)nes. In combination with the overexpression of alkane biosynthetic genes, alka(e)ne production was significantly improved in these engineered strains. Alka(e)ne content in a Synechocystis mutant harboring alkane biosynthetic genes over-expressed in both slr0168 and slr1556 gene loci (LX56) was 1.3% of cell dry weight, which was enhanced by 8.3 times compared with wildtype strain (0.14% of cell dry weight) cultivated in shake flasks. Both LX56 mutant and the wildtype strain were cultivated in column photo-bioreactors, and the alka(e)ne production in LX56 mutant was 26 mg/L (1.1% of cell dry weight), which was enhanced by 8 times compared with wildtype strain (0.13% of cell dry weight).

Conclusions
The extent of alka(e)ne production could correlate positively with the expression level of alkane biosynthetic genes. Redirecting the carbon flux to acyl-ACP and overexpressing alkane biosynthetic genes simultaneously can enhance alka(e)ne production in cyanobacteria effectively.
Local concepts of anemia-related illnesses and public health implications in the Taabo health demographic surveillance system, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kouadio M’Bra KD , Righetti Aurélie A , Abé Noël N , Wegmüller Rita , Weiss Mitchell G , N’Goran Eliézer K , Utzinger Jürg 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
A 14-month prospective longitudinal study conducted in the Taabo health demographic surveillance system (HDSS), south-central Côte d’Ivoire, revealed high prevalence of anemia in different population groups in three types of settings (i.e., small town, village, and hamlet). Demographic parameters and several variables related to parasitic infections, micronutrient status, and inflammation were significantly associated with higher odds of anemia. However, cultural concepts and knowledge of various anemia-related illnesses and their relation with people’s behaviors have not been investigated.

Methods
Sixteen focus group discussions and six key informant interviews were performed with village authorities, health workers, and traditional healers. Questionnaires were administrated to 200 school-aged children and 115 young women. Of these individuals, 206 participated in the preceding longitudinal study, whereas the remaining 109 people were not exposed to prior research, but had similar age and sex profiles. Mean prominence of participants’ responses was compared between groups of participants and across study settings.

Results
Local concepts of anemia-related illnesses referred to its perceived causes based on two logical frameworks – biomedical and sociocultural – although a clear distinction was often blurred. We found few differences in knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors across study settings and between participants who were exposed to prior research and newly recruited ones. Malaria und nutritional issues as understood and managed by the population differed from definitions and recommendations provided by the health system. Malaria was not acknowledged as an exclusive mosquito-transmitted disease and participants referred to the quantity, rather than the quality, of food when talking about nutritional issues.

Conclusions
Local concepts and ideas about anemia have public health implications, inasmuch as they are related to people’s attitudes, risk-related and help-seeking behaviors, which in turn might affect their health status. Local terminology and beliefs about anemia and malaria should be carefully considered when developing health intervention and education programs. The similarity in knowledge about anemia-related illnesses and associated behaviors, regardless of study setting and prior exposure to research, suggests that a uniform communication strategy may be used to develop education programs and awareness campaigns aimed at the prevention and control of anemia in south-central Côte d’Ivoire.
Pilot educational program to enhance empowering patient education of school-age children with diabetes
Authors: Kelo Marjatta , Eriksson Elina , Eriksson Ilse 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Background
Nurses have a crucial role in patient education of children with type 1 diabetes, but they often exhibit lack of knowledge of the patient education process. This study aimed to describe an educational program to enhance empowering patient education process for the blood glucose monitoring education of school-age children and nurses’ perceptions of using empowering techniques.

Methods
An empowering patient education process for the diabetes education of school-age children was developed. The researcher collected nurse’s perceptions of managing the educational program by semi-structured interviews. Ten nurses carried out the diabetes education, and 8 of them participated in the interview. Three nurses implemented the diabetes education twice and were interviewed twice. The data consisted of 11 descriptions of the blood glucose monitoring education. The interviewer analyzed the data deductively and inductively by content analysis.

Results
Nurses described successful managing of the empowering patient education process. The need assessment consisted of using multiple methods and clarifying the capabilities and challenges of children and their parents. Planning manifested itself in adequate preparation and multiple objectives stated together with the family. Implementation comprised the relevant content, and the use of suitable teaching materials and methods. Evaluation was performed with various methods and documented accurately. Nurses also faced some challenges related to management and leadership, ambivalence with traditional and empowering patient education, and families’ overall situation.

Conclusion
An example of developing evidence-based patient education program is presented, but besides education other factors supporting changes in work practices should be considered in further development.
Hypermetrical Schemas, Metrical Orientation, and Cognitive-Linguistic Paradigms
Authors: Ito John Paul 
Published: May 2013

This article extends existing approaches to hypermeter by introducing schemas that make measure-by-measure correlations between grouping units and hypermeasures. These schemas offer an account of how listeners track hypermeter through irregularities and discontinuities. In order to ground these schemas in a cognitive, listener-oriented framework, the article also introduces the concept of metrical orientation. Metrical orientation involves heard measures, measures that are organizationally similar to notated measures but that may differ from the notated measures of the score with respect to both period and phase. The downbeats of these heard measures are the hyperbeats that relate to one another by means of the hypermetrical schemas. Metrical orientation is top-down and schema driven; it thus complements low-level, bottom-up cognitive accounts of meter.The hypermetrical schemas can give analyses considerable flexibility, but this flexibility presents challenges to rule systems and in particular to Lerdahl and Jackendoff’s Metrical Well-Formedness Rules. Two paradigms from cognitive linguistics are used to address this: radial structuring as a way of organizing prototype categories, and approaches to well-formedness that have also been used in examining the interpenetration of syntax and semantics. These concepts function together to provide an alternative to rule systems that is both rigorous and flexible.
Evidências Empíricas da Influência da Taxa Média de Juros Sobre o Mercado Acionário Brasileiro
Authors: Hersen Amarildo , Lima Luciano Ferreira de , Lima Jandir Ferrera de 
Published: May 2013

Esse artigo analisa e quantifica a influência da taxa média de juros sobre o mercado acionário, mais especificamente sobre o preço das ações negociadas na BM&F Bovespa S.A. A análise se fundamenta na teoria dos ciclos e o método estatístico utilizado foi o modelo de regressão linear. Os resultados apontam que o parâmetro correspondente à taxa SELIC apresenta sinal negativo, ou seja, à medida que se eleva a taxa SELIC, o Índice Bovespa, em média, diminui. Conclui-se que, para cada 1% (um por cento) de aumento na taxa SELIC, o Índice Bovespa cai, aproximadamente 3.940 pontos.
A Influência da Gestão de Projetos de P&D em Universidades Públicas na Definição do Modelo de um Escritório de Gerenciamento de Projetos
Authors: Moutinho José da Assunção , Kniess Claudia Terezinha , Rabechini Junior Roque 
Published: May 2013

As universidades públicas brasileiras vêm desempenhando um papel cada vez mais expressivo no processo de inovação tecnológica do país. Esta responsabilidade implica na busca por recursos financeiros externos com o objetivo de desenvolver projetos de P&D. Contudo, estas instituições carecem de estrutura formal de gestão de projetos visando garantir o sucesso destes empreendimentos. Neste contexto, o artigo discute como o ambiente público de P&D pode influenciar a definição e classificação do modelo de um Escritório de Gerenciamento de Projeto. Utilizando a estratégia de estudo de caso, a investigação contou com entrevistas dos pesquisadores do laboratório e como fonte documental, acesso a relatórios dos projetos concluídos. O estudo levou à conclusão que o modelo de escritório adotado possui características híbridas, sendo diretamente influenciado pelas peculiaridades do ambiente e que além de gerenciar os projetos, o Escritório também é responsável pelo cumprimento de aspectos legais, específicos para fomentos à pesquisa com recursos públicos.
Graphs of bounded variation, existence and local boundedness of non-parametric minimal surfaces in Heisenberg groups
Authors: Serra Cassano Francesco , Vittone Davide 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In the setting of the sub-Riemannian Heisenberg group ℍ
n
, we introduce and study the classes of t- and intrinsic graphs of bounded variation. For both notions we prove the existence of non-parametric area-minimizing surfaces, i.e., of graphs with the least possible area among those with the same boundary. For minimal graphs we also prove a local boundedness result which is sharp at least in the case of t-graphs in ℍ1.
Isolation and bioassay screening of fungal endophytes from North Atlantic marine macroalgae
Authors: Flewelling Andrew J. , Johnson John A. , Gray Christopher A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Endophytic fungi of marine macroalgae and the bioactive chemicals they produce have not been widely explored or documented. In this study, fungal endophytes were isolated from four species of brown, three species of red, and two species of green marine algae collected from the Shetland Islands, UK. Sixty-four distinct endophytes were isolated, 36 of which were identified to the genus or species level, with the highest diversity of isolable fungi being obtained from the green algae. Extracts of fungal tissue and spent nutrient broth were prepared from each isolate and screened for bioactivity. Antimicrobial and larvicidal assays revealed that the extracts from 24 endophytes showed antifungal activity, 25 displayed activity against Gram-positive bacteria, 20 showed activity against Gram-negative bacteria, and 11 showed larvicidal activity.
Isocyanate-treated cellulose pulp and its effect on the alkali resistance and performance of fiber cement composites
Authors: Tonoli Gustavo Henrique Denzin , Mendes Rafael F. , Siqueira Gilberto , Bras Julien , Belgacem Mohamed N. , Savastano Holmer 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The impact of grafted surface of cellulose fibers on the mechanical and physical properties of fiber-cement composites (FCC) has been investigated. The grafting was performed with n-octadecyl isocyanate [i.e., with an aliphatic isocyanate (AI)], with the intention to protect the cellulose fiber from alkali degradation in the cement matrix. The chemical changes, observed by contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, showed a higher hydrophobic character of AI-treated fibers. The strength of FCC was tested during 28 days of curing treatment. The extracted AI-treated fibers contributed to higher specific energy and final specific deflection after accelerated aging cycles in comparison with the reference composites reinforced with untreated fibers. The higher values of limit of proportionality and modulus of elasticity for composites with AI-treated fibers are an evidence of the densification of the fiber-matrix transition zone. The modulus of rupture values were higher for composites with AI-treated and Soxhlet-extracted fibers after 200 soak and dry aging cycles. In comparison with the reference, AI-treated fibers decreased the water absorption and the apparent porosity of the FCC. The modification of fibers could be a new strategy to improve the performance and stability of cement products reinforced with natural fibers.
Use of Antihypotensive Therapies in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Batton Beau , Li Lei , Newman Nancy S. , Das Abhik , Watterberg Kristi L. , Yoder Bradley A. , Faix Roger G. , Laughon Matthew M. , Stoll Barbara J. , Van Meurs Krisa P. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Poindexter Brenda B. , Bell Edward F. , Sánchez Pablo J. , Ehrenkranz Richard A. , Goldberg Ronald N. , Laptook Abbot R. , Kennedy Kathleen A. , Frantz Ivan D. , Shankaran Seetha , Schibler Kurt , Higgins Rosemary D. , Walsh Michele C. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the relationships among blood pressure (BP) values, antihypotensive therapies, and in-hospital outcomes to identify a BP threshold below which antihypotensive therapies may be beneficial.

METHODS:
Prospective observational study of infants 230/7 to 266/7 weeks’ gestational age. Hourly BP values and antihypotensive therapy use in the first 24 hours were recorded. Low BP was investigated by using 15 definitions. Outcomes were examined by using regression analysis controlling for gestational age, the number of low BP values, and illness severity.

RESULTS:
Of 367 infants enrolled, 203 (55%) received at least 1 antihypotensive therapy. Treated infants were more likely to have low BP by any definition (P &lt; .001), but for the 15 definitions of low BP investigated, therapy was not prescribed to 3% to 49% of infants with low BP and, paradoxically, was administered to 28% to 41% of infants without low BP. Treated infants were more likely than untreated infants to develop severe retinopathy of prematurity (15% vs 8%, P = .03) or severe intraventricular hemorrhage (22% vs 11%, P &lt; .01) and less likely to survive (67% vs 78%, P = .02). However, with regression analysis, there were no significant differences between groups in survival or in-hospital morbidity rates.

CONCLUSIONS:
Factors other than BP contributed to the decision to use antihypotensive therapies. Infant outcomes were not improved with antihypotensive therapy for any of the 15 definitions of low BP investigated.
The Japanese Model of Knowledge Management
Authors: Gierszewska Grażyna 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The effectiveness of Japanese management methodologies is making them increasingly popular with business organisations all over the world. This paper aims to present one of the least known knowledge management theories: the knowledge creation model by I. Nonaka and H. Takeuchi. In their approach to the theory of organisational learning and knowledge creation, Nonaka and Takeuchi propose a categorisation of knowledge into tacit and explicit (formal) knowledge and explore the relationships between knowledge production, transfer and application; they also address the issue of applying existing and creating new knowledge. Presented SECI model captures the conversion of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge in four steps: Socialisation, Externalisation, Combination and Internalisation. The paper examines case studies that illustrate the practical application of the processes.
What is Innovativeness: Literature Review
Authors: Nasierowski Wojciech , Arcelus Francisco J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
For decades what has been heated are debates on topics such as: which country is the most competitive? What is the best country to live in?. However, it may be disputable whether results of these debates have practical outcomes. It is arguable whether is it clear what constructs are in fact discussed, how to measure their level, and how to draw conclusions from such studies. This paper addresses aspects relevant to innovativeness - interpretation, measurement, accuracy and practicality. This paper shows that despite of very abundant literature on the subject, the prime tangible effect deals with various rankings of countries for public relations purpose rather than it provides a policy setting directions.
Cloud Business Intelligence for Smes Consortium
Authors: Rostek Katarzyna , Wiśniewski Michał , Kucharska Agnieszka 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Business Intelligence technology for over 20 years is the market leader in analytical processing of data. As numerous market researches demonstrate Business Intelligence has substantial affect on global competitiveness of enterprises and on the stability of their position in the market, which is particularly important in times of economic downturn. Although main users of this technology are large companies and corporations, software vendors are still looking for solutions that are also available for the SME (Small and Middle Enterprises) sector and non-profit enterprises. One option available recently is possibility to use Cloud Computing environment. The article considers the opportunities and risks posed by the organization of Cloud Business Intelligence system on the example of using it in SME sector.
Sustainable Marketing - a new Era in the Responsible Marketing Development
Authors: Seretny Marek , Seretny Aleksandra 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to draw to the attention of those involved in marketing - scientists, educators, researchers, marketers, and professionals dealing with the implementation of marketing processes - the responsibility which rests upon them in the face of rapid social change worldwide through increasing global economic turbulence, a continuously widening gap between rich and poor societies as well as the galloping degradation of the natural environment. The paper is a critical analysis and literature review of marketing covering recent studies on marketing issues in relation to the concept of sustainability. Faced with increasing criticisms of a one-dimensional profit driven approach, the marketing concept requires rebranding to address issues of sustainability. Intense strategic discussion is required concerning the need to change attitudes that promote and implement modern marketing, starting from changes in the consumption model through the creation of commercial proposals, which will positively shape the future of both market exchange and social life. Moreover, it is postulated that marketers present to consumers an attitude of active and responsible management, as well as openness and honesty in market communication. The article introduces discussion on sustainable marketing and its fundamental importance in the development of marketing theory in Poland; taking into account current debates voiced in Poland - often based on imprecise interpretation of the marketing process. There exists therefore, a need for a thorough analysis and standardisation of understanding marketing theory and consequently the introduction of new concepts and new practices into the marketing process.
Human Performance Improvement in the Health Care Organizations. Results of Empirical Study in Poland
Authors: Szczepańska Katarzyna , Wiśniewska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Human Performance Improvement (HPI) as well as human aspects in Quality Management (QM) has received strong attention from researches. Many studies investigate the level of health care services and their main determinants. This paper seeks the relationships between the concepts of HPI and QM. The aims are to present the HPI practices on the example of EFQM Business Excellence Model criteria. HPI criteria were measured by EFQM model in Health Care Organizations (HCO) in Poland with use of case study methodology conducted on the basis of self-assessment reports documentation. The study included all HCO which are Polish Quality Award winners in the years 2005-2010. Studied HCO belonged to public sector. Results of study: (1) showed that the rules of HPI apply to all criteria of the EFQM model in Human Resources Management range, (2) justified the role and importance of HPI in the evaluation QM in HCO. The use of the EFQM model to assessment of the quality level of HCO is helpful for implementation of aimed improvement. Building QM awareness contributes to HCO creation of the need for management mechanisms and the development of medical service personnel function which is related to HPI.