bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Activity of Adjuvant Cytokine-Induced Killer Cell Immunotherapy in Patients with Post-Mastectomy Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Pan Ke , Guan Xun-Xing , Li Yong-Qiang , Zhao Jing-Jing , Li Jian-Jun , Qiu Hui-Juan , Weng De-Sheng , Wang Qi-Jing , Liu Qing , Huang Li-Xi , He Jia , Chen Shi-Ping , Ke Miao-La , Zeng Yi-Xin , Xia Jian-Chuan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a high risk form of this disease, even after surgery, due to the absence of targets for hormone treatment and anti–Her-2 therapy. Chemotherapy is the main therapeutic strategy for such patients with breast cancer, although the outcome is often unsatisfactory. Thus, the development of combination adjuvant therapies is essential for improved prognosis in patients with TNBC. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a sequential combination of cytokine-induced killer cell (CIK) infusion and chemotherapy for patients with post-mastectomy TNBC.Experimental Design: From 2008 to 2012, 90 patients with post-mastectomy TNBC were included in this retrospective study: 45 cases received chemotherapy alone or with sequential radiotherapy; a further 45 cases received chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy and sequential CIK infusion.Results: Survival analysis showed significantly higher disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates in the CIK treatment group compared with the control group (P = 0.0382, P = 0.0046, respectively; log-rank test). Multivariate survival analysis showed that CIK adjuvant treatment was an independent prognostic factor for OS of patients with TNBC. In subgroup analyses, CIK adjuvant treatment significantly increased the DFS rate of patients with pathologic grade 3, and significantly increased the OS rate of patients in N1, N2, N3, IIB, III TNM (tumor–node–metastasis) stages, and with pathologic grade 3.Conclusions: These data indicate that adjuvant CIK treatment combined with chemotherapy is an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent disease recurrence and prolong survival of patients with TNBC, particularly those with lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and poor pathologic grade. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 3003–11. ©2014 AACR.
Chemoprevention of Esophageal Cancer with Black Raspberries, Their Component Anthocyanins, and a Major Anthocyanin Metabolite, Protocatechuic Acid
Authors: Peiffer Daniel S. , Zimmerman Noah P. , Wang Li-Shu , Ransom Benjamin W.S. , Carmella Steven G. , Kuo Chieh-Ti , Siddiqui Jibran , Chen Jo-Hsin , Oshima Kiyoko , Huang Yi-Wen , Hecht Stephen S. , Stoner Gary D. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Diets containing either freeze-dried black raspberries (BRBs) or their polyphenolic anthocyanins (ACs) have been shown to inhibit the development of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)–induced esophageal cancer in rats. The present study was conducted to determine whether PCA, a major microbial metabolite of black raspberry (BRB) ACs, also prevents NMBA-induced esophageal cancer in rats. F344 rats were injected with NMBA three times a week for 5 weeks and then fed control or experimental diets containing 6.1% BRBs, an anthocyanin (AC)-enriched fraction derived from BRBs, or protocatechuic acid (PCA). Animals were exsanguinated at weeks 15, 25, and 35 to quantify the development of preneoplastic lesions and tumors in the esophagus, and to relate this to the expression of inflammatory biomarkers. At weeks 15 and 25, all experimental diets were equally effective in reducing NMBA-induced esophageal tumorigenesis, as well as in reducing the expression of pentraxin-3 (PTX3), a cytokine produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to interleukin (IL)-1β and TNF-α. All experimental diets were also active at reducing tumorigenesis at week 35; however, the BRB diet was significantly more effective than the AC and PCA diets. Furthermore, all experimental diets inhibited inflammation in the esophagus via reducing biomarker (COX-2, iNOS, p-NF-κB, and sEH) and cytokine (PTX3) expression. Overall, our data suggest that BRBs, their component ACs, and PCA inhibit NMBA-induced esophageal tumorigenesis, at least in part, by their inhibitory effects on genes associated with inflammation. Cancer Prev Res; 7(6); 574–84. ©2014 AACR.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Cardiovascular Disease in the General Population
Authors: Kestenbaum Bryan , Sachs Michael C. , Hoofnagle Andy N. , Siscovick David S. , Ix Joachim H. , Robinson-Cohen Cassianne , Lima Joao A.C. , Polak Joseph F. , Blondon Marc , Ruzinski John , Rock Denise , de Boer Ian H. 
Published: March 2014

Background—
Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) is a phosphate regulatory hormone that directly stimulates left ventricular hypertrophy in experimental models. The role of FGF-23 in cardiovascular disease development in the general population is unclear. We tested associations of FGF-23 with major subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease outcomes in a large prospective cohort.

Methods and Results—
We evaluated 6547 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) who were initially free of cardiovascular disease. We measured serum FGF-23 using the Kainos immunoassay. The MESA measured left ventricular mass by MRI, coronary calcium by computed tomography, and carotid intima-media thickness by ultrasound. The MESA adjudicated incident heart failure, coronary heart disease, and stroke by medical record review. After adjustment, the highest FGF-23 quartile was associated with an estimated 2.4-g greater left ventricular mass (95% confidence interval, 0.4–4.5 greater) and a 26% greater odds of higher coronary calcium scores (95% confidence interval, 9%–46% greater) compared with the lowest quartile. During 7.5-year follow-up, each 20-pg/mL higher FGF-23 concentration was associated with a 19% greater risk of heart failure (95% confidence interval, 3%–37% greater) and a 14% greater risk of coronary heart disease (95% confidence interval, 1%–28% greater). FGF-23 was not associated with carotid intima-media thickness or stroke.

Conclusions—
Higher serum FGF-23 concentrations are associated with subclinical cardiac disease and with new heart failure and coronary disease events, but not with carotid intima-media thickness or stroke. FGF-23 may be a novel cardiovascular risk factor in the general population.
Intracoronary Stem Cell Infusion After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: de Jong Renate , Houtgraaf Jaco H. , Samiei Sanaz , Boersma Eric , Duckers Henricus J. 
Published: March 2014

Background—
Several cell-based therapies for adjunctive treatment of acute myocardial infarction have been investigated in multiple clinical trials, but the benefits still remain controversial. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of bone marrow–derived mononuclear cell (BMMNC) therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction, but also explores the effect of newer generations of stem cells.

Methods and Results—

A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of stem cell therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction that were published between January 2002 and September 2013. The defined end points were left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, infarct size, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rates. Also, several subgroup analyses were performed on BMMNC trials. Overall, combining the results of 22 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), LV ejection fraction increased by +2.10% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–3.52;
P
=0.004) in the BMMNC group as compared with controls, evoked by a preservation of LV end-systolic volume (−4.05 mL; 95% CI, −6.91 to −1.18;
P
=0.006) and a reduction in infarct size (−2.69%; 95% CI, −4.83 to −0.56;
P
=0.01). However, there is no effect on cardiac function, volumes, or infarct size, when only RCTs (n=9) that used MRI-derived end points were analyzed. Moreover, no beneficial effect could be detected on major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rates after BMMNC infusion after a median follow-up duration of 6 months.

Conclusions—
Intracoronary infusion of BMMNC is safe, but does not enhance cardiac function on MRI-derived parameters, nor does it improve clinical outcome. New and possibly more potent stem cells are emerging in the field, but their clinical efficacy still needs to be defined in future trials.
Onset of Antiplatelet Action With High (100 mg) Versus Standard (60 mg) Loading Dose of Prasugrel in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Makris George , Xanthopoulou Ioanna , Patsilinakos Sotirios , Deftereos Spyridon , Gkizas Vassilios , Perperis Angelos , Karanikas Stavros , Angelidis Christos , Tsigkas Grigorios , Koutsogiannis Nikolaos , Hahalis George , Davlouros Periklis 
Published: March 2014

Background—
In patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, a suboptimal degree of platelet inhibition for the first 2 hours after the standard 60 mg loading dose of prasugrel has been described.

Methods and Results—

In a prospective, 3-center, nonrandomized, controlled study, 2 sequential groups of P2Y12 inhibitor-naive consecutive patients were loaded with either 100 mg (n=47) or 60 mg (n=35) of prasugrel. Platelet reactivity was assessed by VerifyNow at hours 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4. At hour 2, there was a strong trend for the primary end point of platelet reactivity (in P2Y12 reaction units) to be lower (least squares estimates of the mean difference [95% confidence interval], −45.5 [−91.2 to 0.3];
P
=0.051), whereas platelet reactivity percentage inhibition (median, first to third quartile) was higher (75.5% [24%–91.8%] versus 23.5% [0%–78.3%];
P
=0.02) in the 100-mg compared with 60-mg loading dose group. At hour 2, prasugrel 100 mg over 60 mg loading dose significantly reduced high platelet reactivity rates from 28.6% to 8.5% (≥230 P2Y12 reaction units threshold;
P
=0.036) and from 31.4% to 10.6% (≥208 P2Y12 reaction units threshold;
P
=0.024), whereas resulted in lower rate of ≤20% platelet inhibition (23.4% versus 51.4%;
P
=0.009).

Conclusions—
In patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, a higher (100 mg) than the standard loading dose of prasugrel results in greater and more consistent platelet inhibition, yet this will need to be further validated in additional studies.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01835353.
North American SOLITAIRE Stent-Retriever Acute Stroke Registry
Authors: Abou-Chebl Alex , Zaidat Ossama O. , Castonguay Alicia C. , Gupta Rishi , Sun Chung-Huan J. , Martin Coleman O. , Holloway William E. , Mueller-Kronast Nils , English Joey D. , Linfante Italo , Dabus Guilherme , Malisch Timothy W. , Marden Franklin A. , Bozorgchami Hormozd , Xavier Andrew , Rai Ansaar T. , Froehler Micahel T. , Badruddin Aamir , Nguyen Thanh N. , Taqi Muhammad , Abraham Michael G. , Janardhan Vallabh , Shaltoni Hashem , Novakovic Roberta , Yoo Albert J. , Chen Peng R. , Britz Gavin W. , Kaushal Ritesh , Nanda Ashish , Issa Mohammad A. , Nogueira Raul G. 
Published: March 2014

Background and Purpose—
Previous work that predated the availability of the safer stent-retriever devices has suggested that general anesthesia (GA) may have a negative impact on outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular therapy.

Methods—
We reviewed demographic, clinical, procedural (GA versus local anesthesia [LA], etc), and site-adjudicated angiographic and clinical outcomes data from consecutive patients treated with the Solitaire FR device in the investigator-initiated North American SOLITAIRE Stent-Retriever Acute Stroke (NASA) Registry. The primary outcomes were 90-day modified Rankin Scale, mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Results—

A total of 281 patients from 18 centers were enrolled. GA was used in 69.8% (196/281) of patients. Baseline demographic and procedural factors were comparable between the LA and GA groups, except the former demonstrated longer time-to-groin puncture (395.4±254 versus 337.4±208 min;
P
=0.04), lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS; 16.2±5.8 versus 18.8±6.9;
P
=0.002), lower balloon-guide catheter usage (22.4% versus 49.2%;
P
=0.0001), and longer fluoroscopy times (39.5±33 versus 28±22.8 min;
P
=0.008). Recanalization (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2b; 72.94% versus 73.6%;
P
=0.9) and rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (7.1% versus 11.2%;
P
=0.4) were similar but modified Rankin Scale ≤2 was achieved in more LA patients, 52.6% versus 35.6% (odds ratio, 1.4 [1.1–1.8];
P
=0.01). In multivariate analysis, hypertension, NIHSS, unsuccessful revascularization, and GA use (odds ratio, 3.3 [1.6–7.1];
P
=0.001) were associated with death. When only anterior circulation and elective GA patients were included, there was a persistent difference in good outcomes in favor of LA patients (50.7% versus 35.5%; odds ratio, 1.3 [1.01–1.6];
P
=0.04).

Conclusions—
The NASA Registry has demonstrated that clinical outcomes and survival are significantly better in patients treated with LA, without increased symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage risk. Future trials should prospectively evaluate the effect of GA on outcomes.
From Feedback- to Response-based Performance Monitoring in Active and Observational Learning
Authors: Bellebaum Christian , Colosio Marco 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Humans can adapt their behavior by learning from the consequences of their own actions or by observing others. Gradual active learning of action–outcome contingencies is accompanied by a shift from feedback- to response-based performance monitoring. This shift is reflected by complementary learning-related changes of two ACC-driven ERP components, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the error-related negativity (ERN), which have both been suggested to signal events “worse than expected,” that is, a negative prediction error. Although recent research has identified comparable components for observed behavior and outcomes (observational ERN and FRN), it is as yet unknown, whether these components are similarly modulated by prediction errors and thus also reflect behavioral adaptation. In this study, two groups of 15 participants learned action–outcome contingencies either actively or by observation. In active learners, FRN amplitude for negative feedback decreased and ERN amplitude in response to erroneous actions increased with learning, whereas observational ERN and FRN in observational learners did not exhibit learning-related changes. Learning performance, assessed in test trials without feedback, was comparable between groups, as was the ERN following actively performed errors during test trials. In summary, the results show that action–outcome associations can be learned similarly well actively and by observation. The mechanisms involved appear to differ, with the FRN in active learning reflecting the integration of information about own actions and the accompanying outcomes.
Prestimulus Interhemispheric Coupling of Brain Rhythms Predicts Cognitive–Motor Performance in Healthy Humans
Authors: Vecchio Fabrizio , Lacidogna Giordano , Miraglia Francesca , Bramanti Placido , Ferreri Florinda , Rossini Paolo Maria 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Physiological and neuroimaging studies suggest that human actions are characterized by time-varying engagement of functional distributed networks within the brain. In this study, we investigated whether specific prestimulus interhemispheric connectivity, as a measure of synchronized network between the two hemispheres, could lead to a better performance (as revealed by RT) in a simple visuomotor task. Eighteen healthy adults underwent EEG recording during a visual go/no-go task. In the go/no-go task, a central fixation stimulus was followed by a green (50% of probability) or red visual stimulus. Participants had to press the mouse button after the green stimuli (go trials). Interhemispheric coupling was evaluated by the spectral coherence among all the electrodes covering one hemisphere and matched with those on the other. The frequency bands of interest were delta (2–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha 1 (8–10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5–13 Hz), beta 1 (13–20 Hz), beta 2 (20–30 Hz), and gamma (30–40 Hz). The task-related results showed that interhemispheric connectivity decreased in delta and increased in alpha band. Furthermore, we observed positive delta and negative alpha correlations with the RT; namely, the faster the RT, the lower delta and the higher alpha connection between the two hemispheres. These results suggested that the best performance is anticipated by the better functional coupling of cortical circuits involved during the processing of the sensorimotor information, occurring between the two hemispheres pending cognitive go/no-go task.
Perceptual Expertise and Top–Down Expectation of Musical Notation Engages the Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Wong Yetta Kwailing , Peng Cynthia , Fratus Kristyn N. , Woodman Geoffrey F. , Gauthier Isabel 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Most theories of visual processing propose that object recognition is achieved in higher visual cortex. However, we show that category selectivity for musical notation can be observed in the first ERP component called the C1 (measured 40–60 msec after stimulus onset) with music-reading expertise. Moreover, the C1 note selectivity was observed only when the stimulus category was blocked but not when the stimulus category was randomized. Under blocking, the C1 activity for notes predicted individual music-reading ability, and behavioral judgments of musical stimuli reflected music-reading skill. Our results challenge current theories of object recognition, indicating that the primary visual cortex can be selective for musical notation within the initial feedforward sweep of activity with perceptual expertise and with a testing context that is consistent with the expertise training, such as blocking the stimulus category for music reading.
Multisensory Integration during Short-term Music Reading Training Enhances Both Uni- and Multisensory Cortical Processing
Authors: Paraskevopoulos Evangelos , Kuchenbuch Anja , Herholz Sibylle C. , Pantev Christo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The human ability to integrate the input of several sensory systems is essential for building a meaningful interpretation out of the complexity of the environment. Training studies have shown that the involvement of multiple senses during training enhances neuroplasticity, but it is not clear to what extent integration of the senses during training is required for the observed effects. This study intended to elucidate the differential contributions of uni- and multisensory elements of music reading training in the resulting plasticity of abstract audiovisual incongruency identification. We used magnetoencephalography to measure the pre- and posttraining cortical responses of two randomly assigned groups of participants that followed either an audiovisual music reading training that required multisensory integration (AV-Int group) or a unisensory training that had separate auditory and visual elements (AV-Sep group). Results revealed a network of frontal generators for the abstract audiovisual incongruency response, confirming previous findings, and indicated the central role of anterior prefrontal cortex in this process. Differential neuroplastic effects of the two types of training in frontal and temporal regions point to the crucial role of multisensory integration occurring during training. Moreover, a comparison of the posttraining cortical responses of both groups to a group of musicians that were tested using the same paradigm revealed that long-term music training leads to significantly greater responses than the short-term training of the AV-Int group in anterior prefrontal regions as well as to significantly greater responses than both short-term training protocols in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG).
A Unified Representation of Deep Moist Convection in Numerical Modeling of the Atmosphere. Part II
Authors: Wu Chien-Ming , Arakawa Akio 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In Part I of this paper, a generalized modeling framework for representing deep moist convection was presented. The framework, called unified parameterization, effectively unifies the parameterizations in general circulation models (GCMs) and cloud-resolving models (CRMs) and thus is applicable to any horizontal resolution between those typically used in those models. The key parameter in the unification is the fractional convective cloudiness σ, which is the fractional area covered by convective updrafts in the grid cell. The central issue of Part I is to formulate the σ dependence of vertical eddy transports of thermodynamic variables and to determine σ for each realization of grid-scale processes. The present paper completes the formulation through further analysis of the simulated data. The analyzed fields include the vertical structure of the σ dependence of vertical and horizontal eddy transports of moist static energy and horizontal momentum and that of cloud microphysical sources. For the momentum transport, the analysis results clearly show the limits of the traditional approach of parameterization based on an effectively one-dimensional model. For cloud microphysical conversions, it is shown that those taking place primarily inside and outside the updrafts are roughly proportional to σ and 1 − σ, respectively.
Comparison of Seasonal Potential Predictability of Precipitation
Authors: Feng Xia , DelSole Timothy , Houser Paul 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Three methods for estimating potential seasonal predictability of precipitation from a single realization of daily data are assessed. The estimation methods include a first-order Markov chain model proposed by Katz (KZ), and an analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA) method and a bootstrap method proposed by the authors. The assessment is based on Monte Carlo experiments, ensemble atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations, and observation-based data. For AGCM time series, ANOCOVA produces the most accurate estimates of weather noise variance, despite the fact that it makes the most unrealistic assumptions about precipitation (in particular, it assumes precipitation is generated by a Gaussian autoregressive model). The KZ method significantly underestimates noise variance unless the autocorrelation of precipitation amounts on consecutive wet days is taken into account. Both AGCM and observation-based data reveal that the fraction of potentially predictable variance is greatest in the tropics, smallest in the extratropics, and undergoes a strong seasonal variation. The three methods give consistent estimates of potential predictability for 67% of the globe.