bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of mandibular advancement appliances in treating obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Serra‐Torres Sara , Bellot‐Arcís Carlos , Montiel‐Company José M. , Marco‐Algarra Jaime , Almerich‐Silla José M. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisMandibular advancement devices are an alternative to continuous positive airway pressure for patients with mild or moderate obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). The main aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of different devices in treating OSAHS, based on polysomnographic measurements such as the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen saturation, and on changes in the upper airway and improvements in the most common symptoms: snoring and somnolence. Their adverse effects were also noted.Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsFollowing an exhaustive search in the Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases, 22 articles published in the past 10 years met the quality and inclusion criteria.ResultsUsing mandibular advancement devices during the hours of sleep helps to prevent snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness, reduce the AHI significantly, and bring about beneficial changes in the upper airway. Adjustable and custom‐made mandibular advancement devices give better results than fixed and prefabricated appliances. Monobloc devices give rise to more adverse events, although these are generally mild and transient.ConclusionsMandibular advancement devices increase the area of the airway. They bring the soft palate, tongue, and hyoid bone forward and activate the masseter and submental muscles, preventing closure. All these effects reduce the AHI, increase the oxygen saturation, and improve the main symptoms of OSAHS.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:507–514, 2016
The economic impact of vocal attrition in public school teachers in Miami‐Dade County
Authors: Rosow David E. , Szczupak Mikhaylo , Saint‐Victor Sandra , Gerhard Julia D. , DuPont Carl , Lo Kaming 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTeachers are a known at‐risk population for voice disorders. The prevalence and risk factors for voice disorders have been well studied in this population, but little is known about the associated economic cost. The purpose of this study is to assess the economic impact of voice dysfunction in teachers and understand the difference between the cost of absenteeism and presenteeism as a direct result of voice dysfunction.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis via self‐administered online questionnaire.MethodsA total of 14,256 public school teachers from Miami‐Dade County, Florida, were asked to participate. Questions were formatted based on the previously validated Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Specific Health Problem questionnaire adapted for hoarseness and voice disorders. Additional demographic questions were included in the questionnaire.ResultsA total of 961 questionnaire responses were received. The demographic characteristics of respondents closely matched known statistics for public school teachers in Miami‐Dade County. Economic calculations were performed for each questionnaire respondent and summed for all respondents to avoid bias. Per week, absenteeism‐related costs were $25,000, whereas presenteeism‐related costs were approximately $300,000. These figures were used to extrapolate annual cost. Per year, absenteeism‐related costs were $1 million, whereas presenteeism‐related costs were approximately $12 million.ConclusionThe economic impact of voice dysfunction on the teaching profession is enormous. With the above calculations only including lost wages and decreased productivity, the actual figures may in fact be larger (cost of substitute teachers, impact on nonwork activities, etc.). Research investigating preventative measures for voice dysfunction in teachers is necessary to reduce this costly issue.Level of Evidence2C. Laryngoscope, 126:665–671, 2016
Designing Hydroxamates and Reversed Hydroxamates to Inhibit Zinc‐containing Proteases but not Cytochrome P450s: Insights from Quantum Mechanics and Protein‐ligand Crystal Structures
Authors: Barker Charlotte , Lukac Iva , Leach Andrew G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Hydroxamate is a useful functional group that binds to metals in a range of enzymes, notably zinc in matrix metalloproteases and histone deacetylases. The group is also able to form interactions with iron leading to inhibition of the cytochromes P450, particularly the 3A4 isoform. We have studied the available crystal structures of zinc‐containing proteins bound to hydroxamates and compared the observed geometries with those found by quantum mechanical calculations. This has revealed the likely binding mode preferences for neutral and anionic protonation states and highlighted the importance of electrostatic complementarity. Calculations were also performed for the interaction of the hydroxamate with iron in a heme environment, as found in the cytochromes P450. These reveal that the preferred binding mode of hydroxamates in this environment involves the s‐trans conformation. These calculations provide design guidelines for those interested in designing inhibitors of metalloenzymes that do not block metabolism of other drugs. The ability to predict the geometries and energies of binding modes that cannot be studied experimentally is an advantage offered by this kind of study.
Rethinking China's strategic mineral policy on indium: implication for the flat screens and photovoltaic industries
Authors: Duan Huabo , Wang Jiayuan , Liu Lili , Huang Qifei , Li Jinhui 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIndium is an indispensable component of many products, especially the liquid crystal displays (LCD) flat screens (FS) and thin film photovoltaic (PV) cells. China is the world's largest producer of primary indium and products containing indium. Despite this, there has been relatively little examination of the scarcity and strategic mineral policy for indium. Using a material flow analysis approach, a dynamic model has been built to quantify the indium flows, availability, and scarcity in China. The results show that China has transitioned from primarily exporting indium to primarily consuming indium. Forecasting until the year 2020, the domestic demand is led by LCD televisions and monitors (74%), followed by laptops (8%), and PV cells (5%). Accumulated use of indium in production from 2011 to 2020 could reach 7800 t, that is close to China's estimated 2008 reserves and represents three‐fourths of the world's current total reserves. Despite this, end of life (EoL) recycling is forecasted to be too insignificant to influence the indium market supply in the short term. Therefore, by the year around 2020, China could face a serious shortage of both primary production and EoL‐recovered indium to meet the production demand. From a long‐term perspective, the world's development and installation of thin‐film PV modules could be significantly threatened because indium demand within PV modules could grow rapidly over the coming decades. A promising solution to prevent an indium shortage in China is to promote the urban mining of indium from the EoL FS and PV industries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactive copolymer functionalized graphene sheet for enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites
Authors: Ma Qiang , Luo Jing , Chen Yuanxun , Wei Wei , Liu Ren , Liu Xiaoya 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTUniform dispersion of graphene nanosheets (GNS) in a polymer matrix with strong filler–matrix interfacial interaction, preserving intrinsic material properties of GNS, is the critical factor for application of GNS in polymer composites. In this work, a novel reactive copolymer VCz–GMA containing carbazole and epoxide group was designed, synthesized and employed to noncovalently functionalize GNS for preparing epoxy nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties. The presence of carbazole groups in VCz–GMA enables the tight absorption of copolymer on to graphene surface via π–π stacking interaction, as evidenced by Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy, whereas the epoxide segments chemically reacts with the epoxy matrix, improving the compatibility and interaction of graphene with epoxy matrix. As a result, the VCz–GMA–GNS/epoxy composite showed a remarkable enhancement in both mechanical and thermal property than either the pure epoxy or the graphene/epoxy composites. The incorporation of 0.35 wt % VCz–GMA–GNS yields a tensile strength of 55.72 MPa and elongation at break of 3.45, which are 42 and 191% higher than the value of pure epoxy, respectively. Increased glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the epoxy composites were also observed. In addition, a significant enhancement in thermal conductivity was achieved with only 1 wt % VCz–GMA–GNS loading. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2776–2785
Patients' experience with cancer recurrence: a meta‐ethnography
Authors: Wanat Marta , Boulton Mary , Watson Eila 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveRecurrence is a difficult stage in the cancer journey as it brings to the fore the life‐threatening nature of the illness. This meta‐ethnography examines and synthesises the findings of qualitative research regarding patients' experience of cancer recurrence.MethodsA systematic search of the qualitative studies published between January 1994 to April 2014 was undertaken. Seventeen relevant papers were identified, and a meta‐ethnography was conducted.ResultsSix third‐order concepts were developed to capture patients' experiences: experiencing emotional turmoil following diagnosis, which described the emotional impact of diagnosis and the influence of previous experiences on how the news were received; experiencing otherness, encompassing changed relationships; seeking support in the health care system, describing the extent of information needs and the importance of the relationship with health care professionals; adjusting to a new prognosis and uncertain future, highlighting the changes associated with uncertainty; finding strategies to deal with recurrence, describing ways of maintaining emotional well‐being and regaining a sense of control over cancer; and facing mortality, describing the difficulties in facing death‐related concerns and associated consequences.ConclusionsThis meta‐ethnography clarifies the fundamental aspects of patients' experience of recurrence. It suggests that health care professionals can promote a positive experience of care and help lessen the psychosocial impact of recurrence by providing information in an approachable way and being sensitive to their changing needs. It also points to the importance of supporting patients in adopting strategies to regain a sense of control and to address their potential mortality and its impact on loved ones. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of an Mg‐implanted GaN p–i–n diode
Authors: Greenlee Jordan D. , Anderson Travis J. , Feigelson Boris N. , Hobart Karl D. , Kub Francis J. 
Published: July 2015

An Mg‐implanted p–i–n diode was fabricated and characterized. Mg activation was achieved using the multicycle rapid thermal annealing technique with rapid heating pulses up to 1340 °C. The surface of the implanted GaN after annealing was smooth (0.94 nm RMS roughness) with growth steps evident as characterized by atomic force microscopy. The full width at half‐maximum of the implanted GaN E2 Raman mode approaches that of the as‐grown GaN after the annealing process, indicating that the annealing process is able to reverse most of the implantation damage. The Mg‐implanted p–i–n diode exhibits rectification and a low leakage current of 0.11 μA cm−2 at a bias of −10 V. Under forward bias, light emission was observed from the p–i–n diode. The implantation and activation of Mg in a GaN‐based device, demonstrated for the first time in this research, is a key enabling step for future optoelectronic and power electronic devices.Current–voltage characteristics of the Mg‐implanted p–i–n diode with an inset of the device schematic.
Study of the structural and magnetic properties of Fe‐doped ZnO
Authors: Salah Oudjertli , Rachid Bensalem , Safia Alleg , Suñol J. J. , Bououdina Mohamed , Ibrir Miloud 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this work we study the ZnO powder nanoparticles mechanically alloyed doped with iron to investigate the structural, microstructural and magnetic properties using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The ZnO starting pure powder exhibited a hexagonal crystal structure with space group P63mc of ZnO, however, with the introduction of 1% Fe in the ZnO milled powder, the hexagonal ZnO phase remained unchanged, whereas the microstructural parameters were subject to significant variations due to the introduction of Fe atoms into the ZnO hexagonal matrix to replace oxygen ones. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Glaciers and climate change: narratives of ruined futures
Authors: Jackson M 
Published: July 2015

Across global environmental change research, glaciers are depicted as rapidly disappearing. This review identifies and problematizes the prevalence of a glacier‐ruins narrative in artistic, performative, cinematic, and other humanities‐based representations of glacier–climate discourse and perceptions. A glacier‐ruins narrative is understood as a narrative about glaciers that tends to overlook the existing state of a glacier and/or glacier systems and speaks instead to imagined states of loss. Five examples are reviewed and exemplify this glacier‐ruins narrative: the work of well‐known American landscape painter Diane Burko, conceptual artist Kitty Von‐Sometime's 2014 performance, ice installations by Olafur Eliasson and Minik Rosing, the documentary filmChasing Ice, and the National Park Service's Exit Glacier display within south‐central Alaska's Kenai Fjords National Park. While a glacier‐ruins narrative is present throughout various academic disciplines engaging with global environmental change research, this review focuses primarily on the humanities, largely in response to multiple scholars' calls for the increased role of the humanities in global environmental change discourse. This review suggests that the practice of climate change reductionism is equally prevalent in the humanities as it is in the natural and social sciences. It argues that narrating glaciers as climate change ruins normalizes and predetermines a glacier‐free world not yet in existence while reducing the range of imaginable climate change‐influenced futures.WIREs Clim Change2015, 6:479–492. doi: 10.1002/wcc.351This article is categorized under:Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and KnowledgeTrans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts
Confined Raman Scattering – Easy Access to the Surface Phonons of Specific Crystalline Solids
Authors: Werheit Helmut , Filipov Volodimir , Shitsevalova Natalya 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn easily feasible method to measure surface phonons of specific crystalline solids is described. Special experimental conditions allow confining Raman scattering to the surface region of crystals, while the contribution of bulk scattering to the spectra is largely excluded. Such conditions exist for example in the case of hexaborides, using FT Raman spectroscopy with a commercial spectrometer with ND:YAG laser excitation. We show results obtained on LaB6, SmB6 and boron carbide. The surface phonon spectra of LaB6 are analyzed by comparing them with bulk spectra and discussed in comparison with results of other experimental methods and theoretical calculations.
Defining Our Clinical Practice: The Identification of Genetic Counseling Outcomes Utilizing the Reciprocal Engagement Model
Authors: Redlinger‐Grosse Krista , Veach Patricia McCarthy , Cohen Stephanie , LeRoy Bonnie S. , MacFarlane Ian M. , Zierhut Heather 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe need for evidence‐based medicine, including comparative effectiveness studies and patient‐centered outcomes research, has become a major healthcare focus. To date, a comprehensive list of genetic counseling outcomes, as espoused by genetic counselors, has not been established and thus, identification of outcomes unique to genetic counseling services has become a priority for the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC). The purpose of this study was to take a critical first step at identifying a more comprehensive list of genetic counseling outcomes. This paper describes the results of a focus group study using the Reciprocal‐Engagement Model (REM) as a framework to characterize patient‐centered outcomes of genetic counseling clinical practice. Five focus groups were conducted with 27 peer nominated participants who were clinical genetic counselors, genetic counseling program directors, and/or outcomes researchers in genetic counseling. Members of each focus group were asked to identify genetic counseling outcomes for four to five of the 17 goals of the REM. A theory‐driven, thematic analysis of focus group data yielded 194 genetic counseling outcomes across the 17 goals. Participants noted some concerns about how genetic counseling outcomes will be measured and evaluated given varying stakeholders and the long‐term nature of genetic concerns. The present results provide a list of outcomes for use in future genetic counseling outcomes research and for empirically‐supported clinical interventions.
Vergleichende Untersuchung der Zentrale-Orte-Konzepte in den Ländern und Empfehlungen zu ihrer Weiterentwicklung
Authors: Greiving Stefan , Flex Florian , Terfrüchte Thomas 
Published: July 2015

Central place concepts are an inherent part of all regional plans of the German federal states (the ‘Länder’). These concepts have become increasingly important because regional plans need to be adapted to recent and future demographic changes in order to ensure an adequate provision of services of general interest. This paper analyses the current central place concepts of the Länder and gives recommendations for their further development.
The analysis shows that the Länder have developed different approaches in regard to central place concepts, both in terms of definitions, threshold levels of population and accessibility and also their function for guiding future regional development.
The paper gives recommendations on how to improve central place concepts and related plan approval procedures. Policy makers and planning authorities should define and seek political approval for overarching goals, from which key analytical indicators would be derived. These indicators should then be used for an empirical analysis, which would finally allow designating central places and their respective functions. Of course, the underlying methodology should be explained in detail within each regional plan.
A central place should not be designated on the basis of its current facilities and services, but on the basis of the specific demographic and spatial characteristics and requirements of the surrounding region. Thus two cities with similar central facilities could nevertheless be handled differently by a central place concept because their respective hinterlands have different needs for central places.
Robustness of personal rankings: the Handelsblatt example
Authors: Lorenz Daniela , Löffler Andreas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the last years,Handelsblatthas published several rankings of business economists from German, Swiss and Austrian research institutions based on their journal publication output. These rankings have a strong influence on the academic profession. We scrutinize theHandelsblattmethodology by examining the effect the rankings’ underlying algorithms and assumptions have on the scores and ranks of individual researchers. In doing so, we clarify how robust the result is with respect to these internal parameters. Since the parameters used byHandelsblattare not scientifically substantiated but defined ad hoc, this question is of great importance. For each parameter variation, we provide several robustness measures for both theHandelsblattlife’s work ranking and theHandelsblattrecent research performance ranking. E.g., if one applies a weighting scheme that lays more emphasis on first tier journal publications such that the weight of a particular category is always double of the weight of the next lower category, rank correlations based on all researchers in both personal rankings exceed 80 %. However, if one solely considers the top 25 performing researchers rank correlations fall below 50 and 20 % of researchers even drop out of this top group. Further research as well as the discussion in the academic community should clarify whether these correlations verify the robustness of the ranking or manifest the opposite.
Elliptical pore regularisation of the inverse problem for microstructured optical fibre fabrication
Authors: Buchak Peter , Crowdy Darren G. , Stokes Yvonne M. , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike 
Published: July 2015

A mathematical model is presented describing the deformation, under the combined effects of surface tension and draw tension, of an array of channels in the drawing of a broad class of slender viscous fibres. The process is relevant to the fabrication of microstructured optical fibres, also known as MOFs or holey fibres, where the pattern of channels in the fibre plays a crucial role in guiding light along it. Our model makes use of two asymptotic approximations, that the fibre is slender and that the cross-section of the fibre is a circular disc with well-separated elliptical channels that are not too close to the outer boundary. The latter assumption allows us to make use of a suitably generalised ‘elliptical pore model (EPM)’ introduced previously by one of the authors (Crowdy, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 501, 2004, pp. 251–277) to quantify the axial variation of the geometry during a steady-state draw. The accuracy of the elliptical pore model as an approximation is tested by comparison with full numerical simulations. Our model provides a fast and accurate reduction of the full free-boundary problem to a coupled system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. More significantly, it also allows a regularisation of an important ill-posed inverse problem in MOF fabrication: how to find the initial preform geometry and the experimental parameters required to draw MOFs with desired cross-plane geometries.
The influence of spelling on the production and storage of words with allophonic variants of /h/ in Korean
Authors: HAN JEONG-IM , CHOI TAE-HWAN 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis study examined the role of orthography in the production and storage of spoken words. Korean speakers learned novel Korean words with potential variants of /h/, including [ɦ] and ø. They were provided with the same auditory stimuli but with varying exposure to spelling. One group was presented with the letter for ø (<ㅇ>), the second group, the letter for [ɦ] (<ㅎ>), and the third group, auditory input only. In picture-naming tasks, the participants presented with <ㅇ> produced fewer words with [ɦ] than those presented with <ㅎ>. In a spelling recall task, the participants who were not exposed to spelling displayed various types of spellings for variants, but after exposure to spelling, they began to produce spellings as provided in the task. These results suggest that orthographic information influences the production of words via an offline restructuring of the phonological representation.