bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training primary health care workers in mental health and its impact on diagnoses of common mental disorders in primary care of a developing country, Malawi: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kauye F. , Jenkins R. , Rahman A. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundMental health problems are common in primary care, with prevalence rates of up to 40% reported in developing countries. The study aim was to evaluate the impact of a specially designed toolkit used to train primary health care (PHC) workers in mental health on the rates of diagnosed cases of common mental disorders, malaria and non-specific musculoskeletal pains in primary care in Malawi.MethodClinics with out-patient services in the designated district were randomly divided into control and intervention arms. Using a two-phase sampling process, Self-Reporting Questionnaire scores, data on diagnoses made by PHC workers and results of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for depression were collected from 837 consecutively attending adult patients in the pre-intervention study and 2600 patients in the post-intervention study.ResultsThe point prevalence rates for probable common mental disorder and depression were 28.8% and 19%, respectively. Rates for both anxiety and depression diagnoses by PHC workers at baseline were 0% in both arms. Following training, there were significant differences between the two arms in the rates of diagnosed cases of depression [9.2% v. 0.5%, odds ratio (OR) 32.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.4–144.3, p ⩽ 0.001], anxiety (1.2% v. 0%, p ⩽ 0.001) and malaria (31% v. 40%, OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43–0.89, p = 0.01). The intervention arm had more cases diagnosed with depression and anxiety while the control arm had more cases diagnosed with malaria.ConclusionsTraining of PHC workers in mental health with an appropriate toolkit will contribute significantly to the quality of detection and management of patients seen in primary care in developing countries.
Emotion, religious practice, and cosmopolitan secularism
Authors: KIDD IAN JAMES 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPhilip Kitcher has recently proposed a form of ‘cosmopolitan secularism’ which he suggests could enable the members of a future secular society to continue to access and benefit from the moral and existential resources of the world's religions. I criticize this proposal by appeal to contemporary work on the role of emotion and practice in religious commitment. Using the work of John Cottingham and Mark Wynn, two objections are offered to the cosmopolitan secularists' claim that the moral resources of a religion could be both preserved by and employed within a secular society whose members lack emotional commitment to and practical engagement with the religions in question. I conclude that,paceKitcher, cosmopolitan secularism cannot fulfil its promise to preserve the moral resources of religion in the absence of genuine religious traditions and communities.
Use of hypergeometric distribution for estimating adventitious presence of GM traits in small seed lots may be misleading
Authors: Herman Rod A. , Robbins Kelly R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTesting for the unintended or adventitious presence (AP) of genetically modified (GM) events in seed lots is a common practice to comply with regulatory requirements and good stewardship practices. A subsample of a seed lot is typically tested for AP levels, and then statistical methods are used to estimate the upper level of AP in the remainder of the lot with a given level of confidence. For large seed lots, a binomial distribution is typically assumed, but for seed lots where the tested sample is a substantial proportion of the overall seed lot, a hypergeometric distribution is typically assumed. Due to the destructive nature of AP seed testing, we suggest that this latter method may overestimate confidence of low AP in the remaining seed.
In Situ Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy in Liquids
Authors: Holtz Megan E. , Yu Yingchao , Gao Jie , Abruña Héctor D. , Muller David A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) through liquids is a promising approach for exploring biological and materials processes. However, options for in situ chemical identification are limited: X-ray analysis is precluded because the liquid cell holder shadows the detector and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is degraded by multiple scattering events in thick layers. Here, we explore the limits of EELS in the study of chemical reactions in their native environments in real time and on the nanometer scale. The determination of the local electron density, optical gap, and thickness of the liquid layer by valence EELS is demonstrated. By comparing theoretical and experimental plasmon energies, we find that liquids appear to follow the free-electron model that has been previously established for solids. Signals at energies below the optical gap and plasmon energy of the liquid provide a high signal-to-background ratio regime as demonstrated for LiFePO4 in an aqueous solution. The potential for the use of valence EELS to understand in situ STEM reactions is demonstrated for beam-induced deposition of metallic copper: as copper clusters grow, EELS develops low-loss peaks corresponding to metallic copper. From these techniques, in situ imaging and valence EELS offer insights into the local electronic structure of nanoparticles and chemical reactions.
Fiduciary Duties and Responsibilities of Portfolio Managers
Authors: Valsan Remus D. , Yahya Moin A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe rules governing persons occupying a fiduciary role form a dynamic area of law. With deep historical roots, fiduciary relations have expanded beyond the established categories such as trust-beneficiary, agent-principal, or director-corporation to include any person who has power or discretion over another's interests, coupled with an express or implied undertaking to act exclusively in the other's service. Managers of investment portfolios may be subject to fiduciary law's strict requirements in various capacities such as trustees, agents, financial advisers, or corporate directors. Although the default fiduciary rules are strict, courts and legislators have proved willing to take into account commercial realities and relax the standard prohibitions of conflict of interest by imposing lower benchmarks or by allowing parties to a fiduciary relation to contract out the proscriptive rules.
Measuring and Managing Market Risk
Authors: Kaserer Christoph 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMarket risk, which is caused by fluctuating market prices, is an extremely important risk not only for all institutional investors but also for large corporations and wealthy individuals. Therefore, the appropriate measurement and management of this risk is of considerable importance. This chapter examines market risk measurement models and their extensions contributed by the recent literature. The discussion begins by examining measures of risk in a mean-variance framework. Next, measures of risk at the asset level are discussed including the market model, factors models such as the Fama-French model, and duration models. This discussion is followed by an examination of measures of risk at the portfolio level including value at risk and conditional value at risk. Primary stylized facts emerging from this literature are discussed such as the fat tails phenomenon, volatility clustering, and serial correlation. Moreover, the necessity of integrating liquidity risk into risk management models is discussed as well. Finally, the impact of model risk is investigated as both a statistical problem and a management problem.
Why the Legend of the Killer Ape Never Dies
Authors: Sussman Robert W. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates how actual evidence does not support the Killer Ape view of humanity. It first considers some of features of this Western view of a violent human nature. It then reviews data from paleontology, primatology, psychology, neurophysiology, sociology, and ethnology that support an alternative view of human nature. It concludes that differences in the expression and frequency of violence among humans will ultimately be explained, mainly, by differences in their culture and enculturation, and in their environment, and not in their biology and genetics.
Chimpanzees, Warfare, and the Invention of Peace
Authors: Wilson Michael L. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This chapter reviews the evidence for warlike behavior in chimpanzees and discusses what these findings can tell us about human warfare. It begins with a review of the behavioral ecology of aggression, continues with an overview of the behavioral ecology of intergroup aggression in chimpanzees, and concludes with discussion of the implications for understanding the origins of war and prospects for peace in humans.
Evolution of Primate Peace
Authors: White Frances J. , Waller Michel T. , Boose Klaree J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis chapter focuses on bonobos and chimpanzees, which not only represent our closest relatives but also encompass a wide spectrum of possible human behaviors. Understanding the circumstances under which an aggressive or an affiliative social system evolved provides a greater understanding of the importance of war and peace during human evolution and development. Chimpanzees appear to employ a despotic free distribution spatial arrangement both within and between communities, resulting in differential access to resources, unequal reproductive success, and inter- and intra-group aggression at times resulting in what can only be called intercommunity warfare. Bonobos do not show any of the components involved in lethal raiding. This is not to say that they are not territorial as there is evidence that suggests that groups may avoid community overlap areas, but they certainly do not take territoriality to the same level as chimpanzees.
Conflict Resolution in Nonhuman Primates and Human Children
Authors: Kempes Maaike , Sterck Liesbeth , de Castro Bram Orobio 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Aggressive behavior in childhood poses a threat to society, since aggression tends to be quite stable in childhood, and aggressive children often become violent adults. One important prosocial mechanism to reduce the negative impact of aggression is reconciliation, which can be defined as friendly behavior between former opponents shortly after a conflict. This chapter stresses the importance of adequate reconciliation in keeping conflicts manageable and functional. Understanding the factors that influence reconciliation is essential to improve conflict management in children with and without disruptive behavior problems. Much knowledge on conflict management comes from animal studies. The chapter first presents the key results derived from animal studies before considering what is known about reconciliation, both in typically developing children and in those with aggressive behavior problems. Second, it highlights the importance of the social environment for the development of reconciliatory skills in both nonhuman primates and human children. Third, it discusses factors that may contribute to the ability to develop and effectively execute reconciliatory skills.
The Evolution of Agonism
Authors: Fry Douglas P. , Szala Anna 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis chapter adopts an evolutionary perspective, placing human aggression in a phylogenetic context by considering the patterns of agonism not only in humans (focusing primarily on nomadic band societies) but also in other species, especially nonhuman primates. A cross-species perspective shows that intraspecific aggression among mammals in general, and in nonhuman primates in particular, is not characterized by lethal mayhem. Despite the obvious human capacity to make war, intraspecific agonism in humans actually reflects similar selection pressures as in other species—which might be expected given the consistency across mammalian orders of nonlethality as the pattern. In short, the chapter argues that the standard story line about war and violence being evolutionary adaptations is wrong for a number of reasons. Such a view makes very little evolutionary sense, firstly, when considered in phylogenetic perspective; secondly, when the patterns of agonism in an ancestral context are reconstructed using nomadic forager analogy; and, finally, when, for a long-lived species, fitness costs and benefits of extreme or lethal aggression are considered vis-à-vis those of restrained agonism. As in other mammalian species, the key principle in the evolution of human aggression is, in a word, restraint. The species-typical pattern of agonism in humans is the use of restraint, not an evolved proclivity toward homicide or warfare.
Between Species
Authors: Lundblad Michael 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the sexual history of “the beast” in relation to human and nonhuman animals in the work of Jack London. Bringing together the work of theorists and historians such as Eve Sedgwick, Michel Foucault, and George Chauncey, the chapter illustrates how attention to the discourse of the jungle unsettles influential readings of The Call of the Wild (1903) and The Sea-Wolf (1904). While London might generally be seen as epitomizing the Darwinist-Freudian discourse of the jungle, erotic fireworks between species and between men in his work represent formulations of queer desire that illustrate alternative ways of thinking about animality. Many theorists continue to reinforce a construction of the beast or animality in general as inherently heterosexual, despite recent work by Chauncey, for example, that has uncovered queer human males self-identified as "wolves" at the turn of the century. The chapter concludes by considering alternative possibilities for thinking about pleasure between species, inspired by the work of London.
The Octopus and the Corporation
Authors: Lundblad Michael 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis chapter explores new ways of thinking about the marketplace as a jungle at the turn of the twentieth century. While constructions of the corporation were increasingly framed within the Darwinist-Freudian jungle, many texts at that historical moment actually resisted that discourse, even if they simultaneously contributed to survival-of-the-fittest thinking. Herbert Spencer's influence on Andrew Carnegie's The Gospel of Wealth (1900), for example, reveals how a robber baron's ethic could contain residual Christian elements, as well as emergent jungle discourse, within the context of monopoly capitalism, labor struggle, and elite philanthropy. This chapter also focuses on the ways in which corporate exploitation could still be critiqued as monstrous, rather than “natural,” in works such as Frank Norris’s The Octopus (1901). Norris exemplifies an alternative construction of animality, with the central metaphor of the corporation as an octopus, that does not fit within the discourse of beasts fighting to survive in the jungle of the market.
The Working-Class Beast
Authors: Lundblad Michael 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis chapter explores jungle discourse in terms of class relations at the turn of the twentieth century. The general shift from Protestant Christian thinking to the Darwinist-Freudian jungle is often seen as already in place at that historical moment. But constructions of the corporation were not necessarily animalized in ways we would recognize today. This chapter explores how class struggles could still be framed within Christian ethics, particularly for middle-class reformers and wealthy robber barons. This chapter argues that working-class laborers were the first to be animalized within the new discourse of the jungle. Further critical attention to constructions of class difference in Frank Norris's The Octopus (1901) and Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906) reveals how these texts simultaneously naturalize and resist this discourse. The seemingly unrelated public electrocution of a circus elephant at Coney Island in 1903 is shown to be a signifier of animalized class warfare.
Using digital strategies to manage print collections more efficiently: a case study
Authors: McCombs Gillian M. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to document the use of digital strategies in managing print collections more efficiently in a small research institution.Design/methodology/approachThis is a case study which documents a four prong strategy that was used to manage collections as diverse as nineteenth century photographs, early twentieth century regional art, faculty conference papers, church history and student engaged learning initiatives.FindingsIt takes several years to build critical mass. Patience, partnerships and creativity are essential. Timing is often crucial. Changing the culture is necessary. A university mandate is required.Originality/valueSharing best practices is crucial in our profession. Although each institution is unique, we all have things we can learn from each other and tweak or adapt to our own environment. The important lessons here are in breaking down the digital projects into samplers and engaging users, donors and collectors to promote and support the work.
Providing access to historical documents through digitization
Authors: Chmielewska Barbara , Wróbel Agnieszka 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show the beginnings and development of digitization processes in University of Warsaw Library by examining the digital library of e‐bUW.Design/methodology/approachThe main method is the comparison to other similar actions within the country of Poland. The subject scope of the paper also includes a description of methods of presenting digitized collections to patrons.FindingsIt turned out that fair visibility of catalogue records of digitized material is possible mainly because the Library of Warsaw University is a member of Digital Libraries Federation (Federacja Bibliotek Cyfrowych). Since 2007 the collection has been visited by over 5 million readers.Originality/valueThe original value of the paper is made by presenting efforts of one country on an international level to a broader audience with special attention to individual solutions.
Collaborative storage of print serials in New Zealand
Authors: Renwick Helen 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis paper seeks to record a collaborative project in the management of legacy collections.Design/methodology/approachThe eight New Zealand university libraries have a history of collaboration and sought a shared storage solution. It was agreed that a single copy of low‐use print serials would, in most cases, be sufficient for the country's research communities. The libraries have chosen to outsource storage to a commercial provider with facilities throughout the country.FindingsThe paper describes the background to the New Zealand situation, the process of reaching this decision and the challenges of implementation across a group of libraries, including the rationalisation of the eight collections to retain a single shared copy.Originality/valueThe case is relevant to library consortia undertaking collection management projects.
Effectiveness analysis of CALIS III Subject Librarian Literacy Training
Authors: Guo Jing , Huang Qinling , Gu Zhaoqian , Yu Xiaowei , Gao Xie , Tang Lihua 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of the subject librarian literacy training and put forward suggestions for the improvement of the subject librarian literacy training based on the satisfaction degree survey for the CALIS III Subject Librarian Literacy Training.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of the satisfaction degree survey for the CALIS III Subject Librarian Literacy Training, this paper elaborates on the design of the survey, analyzes effectiveness of the training according to the survey results, and further advances suggestions for the enhancement of the subject librarian literacy training.FindingsAs an essential part of the library user service, subject services are highly demanding of subject librarians' literacy and capabilities. The subject librarians should thus own great abilities to be qualified for the innovative subject service work. Although the CALIS III Librarian Literacy Training and Qualification Certification Program, a vital executive program, has made great achievements, the training still needs to be further improved concerning the schedules, teaching atmosphere, training forms, training content, etc., to enhance the subject librarians' ability, raise the service standards and promote the fast and sound development of librarianship in China.Originality/valueThis paper offers detailed information on how to design a satisfaction degree survey for the subject librarian literacy training, analyzes the effectiveness of the librarian literacy training, and finally makes suggestions for the enhancement of the subject librarian literacy training.
Is energy performance capitalized in office building appraisals?
Authors: Bonde Magnus , Song Han‐Suck 
Published: May 2013

PurposeSince 2009, all commercial buildings in Sweden should have undergone an energy performance rating in accordance with the European Union directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings. The main purpose of this rating is to illustrate a building's energy performance in an easy, straightforward manner. In doing so, it becomes easier for the actors on the real estate market to assess the building's energy performance, which in the end should be reflected in the capital value of the property. The aim of this paper is to study the EU Energy Performance Certificates’ impact on office buildings’ capital values.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper an econometric approach is used to estimate the energy performance impact on buildings’ capital values. A panel data set was constructed using economic data from IPD Nordic and Energy Performance Certificates from the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning.FindingsThis study shows that a building's energy performance has no impact on its capital value.Research limitations/implicationsThere may be a selection bias in the sample as the study is dependent on data from IPD Nordic.Originality/valueThis is one of the first papers that study the EU Energy Performance Certificates’ impact on office buildings’ capital values in Sweden.