bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Islam’s Marriage with Neoliberalism: State Transformation in Turkey, Yıldız Atasoy, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009
Authors: Duzgun Eren 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Yıldız Atasoy’s recent survey of state transformation in Turkey reiterates some of the most typical shortcomings of Marxian approaches to the Ottoman/Turkish modernisation. This involves an ahistorical conception of capitalism reduced to commercial expansion and a structuralist method that transhistoricises the historical differentiation of the economic from the political. Combined together in Atasoy’s book, capitalism no longer exists in the shape of specific social relations and particular juridical/political forms, but rather it precedes and determines them. Consequently, social struggles over production and reproduction are separated from and no longer implicated within struggles over the redefinition of citizenship, secularism and democracy. An implicit economic determinism eventually prevails, reproducing functionalist modes of argumentation. Based on a theoretical and historical critique of Atasoy’s argument, this review seeks to provide new insights into Ottoman/Turkish modernity from a Political Marxist perspective.
Politics and Time in the Baal Cycle
Authors: Tugendhaft Aaron 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This essay considers the Ugaritic Baal Cycle in light of Mircea Eliade’s ideas about history and primordial archetypes. Unlike the Babylonian poem Enuma elish with which it is so often compared, the Baal Cycle does not depict a primordial combat and so does not root the political rule of today in the overcoming of a prior chaos. The Ugaritic poem adopts an attitude towards politics that is at odds with the one taken by the Babylonian creation narrative and championed by Eliade in his celebration of what he called “archaic ontology.” Instead of providing a means to overcome the contingency of historical becoming, the Baal Cycle embraces the historical aspect of political rule.
The Flood Motif as a Stylistic and Temporal Device in Sumerian Literary Traditions
Authors: Chen Y. S. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Recent scholarship suggests the Flood motif and its literary representations may have emerged and developed relatively late in Sumerian literary traditions. To investigate how the Flood motif gained its entry in the literary traditions, the current study traces the dissemination of the temporal expression eĝir a-ma-ru ba-ur3-ra-ta “After the Flood had swept over . . .” and its variants in Sumerian mythological and chronographic sources during the Old Babylonian period. This study seeks to demonstrate that when the Flood motif first emerged explicitly in Sumerian literary traditions it manifested as an innovative stylistic and temporal device for introducing the primeval time of origins as well as for marking the (re-)beginning of time. Coming to grips with this initial stage of development of the Flood motif will shed important light on some key conceptual and literary processes through which the Flood motif and its mythological and chronographic representations formed and evolved during the Old Babylonian period.
Christianity, Islam, and ‘The Religion of Pouring’: Non-linear Conversion in a Gambia/Casamance Borderland
Authors: Thomson Steven K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe twentieth-century religious history of the Kalorn (Karon Jolas) in the Alahein River Valley of the Gambia/Casamance border cannot be reduced to a single narrative. Today extended families include Muslims, Christians, and practitioners of the traditionalAwasena‘religion of pouring’. A body of funeral songs highlights the views of those who resisted pressure toward conversion to Islam through the 1930s, ’40s and ’50s. The introduction of a Roman Catholic mission in the early 1960s created new social and economic possibilities that consolidated an identity that stood as an alternative to the Muslim-Mandinka model. This analysis emphasizes the equal importance of both macropolitical and economic factors and the more proximal effects of reference groups in understanding religious conversion. Finally, this discussion of the origins of religious pluralism within a community grants insight into how conflicts along religious lines have been defused.
Conclusion: The Mendicants as a Mediterranean Phenomenon
Authors: García-Serrano Francisco 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The medieval Mediterranean was an environment in which mendicant friars were able to thrive, attending to the spiritual needs of the populace and benefitting from the support of the urban classes, especially merchants, with whom they established close relationships. The examples of the convents of Barcelona, Ciutat de Mallorca and Florence presented in this volume clearly elucidate the association between the friars, the merchants and the urban aristocracy. Although the friars did not restrict their activities to the Mediterranean world and quickly expanded into other European kingdoms and remote lands, it was in the dense urban setting of this region where they first conducted their preaching and established their roles as active social agents.
The Study of Islam Before and After September 11: A Provocation
Authors: Hughes Aaron W. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In the aftermath of September 11, the academic study of Islam has been one of the most sought-after areas of academic expertise throughout North America. The result is that many departments of Religious Studies have been eager either to develop or increase existing offerings in all things Islamic and Arabic. This strikes me as a good a time as any to reflect upon the nature of the relationship between Religious Studies and Islamic Studies. This article assumes that the integration of the latter into the former has not been easy or even successful. It provocatively argues that some of the manifold reasons behind such tensions emerge from the apologetics—found among both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars—inherent to the study of Islam. This confessionalism is the result of a complex amalgam of academic and non-academic forces.
A Materialist Theory of Religion: The Latin American Frame
Authors: Hughes Jennifer Scheper 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This review essay engages Manuel Vásquez’s new book, More than Belief: A Materialist Theory of Religion, from the perspective of Latin American religious practice and thought. Vásquez’s materialist theory of religion is shaped by Latin American intellectual strands, including liberationist intellectual concerns and commitments. While Vásquez’s focus remains primarily on the body, his work allows for and invites a more extended theorization of material religion (or material culture)—bringing new attention to the “objects,” the “things,” that so often anchor and define religious practice in Latin America and across the globe.
The Uses and Abuses of Criticism in the Study of Islam: A Response to Aaron Hughes
Authors: Martin Richard C. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Aaron Hughes offers a challenging critique of contemporary Islamic Studies scholarship, particularly among members of the Study of Islam Section (SIS) of the American Academy of Religion (AAR). A call for a more rigorous scholarship based on historical and textual criticism is issued as ‘provocation’ to the group. In my reply, I suggest that his essay is indeed a provocation, although not always helpfully or accurately, despite an attempt to end on a non-polemical, constructive note in the last couple of pages, where there is not enough substance on which to build a useful dialogue. Hughes argues that contemporary Islamicists have tended to become defensive of Islam in the face of growing Islamophobia in the public sphere. This essay in reply accepts some of Hughes’s critique, disagrees with some of the substance of it, including the pugnacious tone, and suggests ways to improve the chances of a meaningful dialogue
Why Critique?
Authors: Mas Ruth 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper examines the stakes in disentangling critique from its Western operation in order to locate a position of political freedom for the critical study of the Islamic tradition. It considers how the question of the critical study of Islam is a question about the political significance of the concept of critique, and the challenge that the study of the Islamic tradition poses to the discriminating operation of Western criticism. It argues that critique espouses the very philosophical ethos of the Enlightenment itself that challenges us to adopt the “a limit-attitude” of analyzing and reflecting on the limits of the Enlightenment and the political and governmental apparatus that accompanied it.
Alexander of Alexandria and the Homoousion
Authors: Edwards Mark 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper responds to recent publications which play down the role of Bishop Alexander of Alexandria in securing the adoption of the term homoousion at the Nicene Council of 325. It argues that, while the term is not employed in any surviving work from his hand, there is some reason to believe that he sanctioned the use of it by his colleagues. There is no doubt that before the Council he had already declared the Son to be “from the Father’s essence”, and it is all but certain that when this phrase was challenged, together with the homoousion at Nicaea, it was he who produced a conciliatory exegesis of both innovations, relying on the theology that had already been expounded in his letters Philostorgius’ story that he and Hosius of Cordoba had concerted a plan to introduce the homoousion is not implausible, and it should not be assumed that the author of an anonymous life of Constantine, which corroborates this narrative, is merely paraphrasing Philostorgius. Their testimony is consistent with that of Ambrose of Milan, who can be shown to have been acquainted both with documents and with witnesses of the proceedings at the Council.
The Unreliability of Irenaeus’s Reference to Syneisaktism (Adversus Haereses 1,6,3)
Authors: Van der Sypt Liesbeth 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In modern scholarly research there seems to be a consensus that Irenaeus’s Adversus Haereses 1,6,3 should be interpreted in connection with the ascetic practice of syneis­aktism (“spiritual marriage”). Irenaeus writes that some Valentinians who “pretend at first to live in chastity with them as with sisters, have been proved in the course of time to be in the wrong, when the sister gives birth to a child of her brother”. At first sight this sentence indeed seems to describe a practice in which the living together in chastity is the central focus and a link with syneisaktism is therefore not far-fetched. In this article, however, I present another interpretation. By looking to the content of the text and its context, it will be possible to prove that the paragraph in question is a polemical reproach that does not find any firm ground in the range of thoughts really held by this particular Gnostic movement.
Outlook 2020: Results from a Real-Time Delphi Survey of Global Pentecostal Leaders
Authors: Gary Jay E. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In the fall of 2011 a Real-time Delphi survey was conducted with members of Empowered21, entitled: “Outlook 2020: The future of Spirit-empowered Christianity.” The survey consisted of thirteen projections for the year 2020, ranging from positive statements, such as “The church will experience a fresh, historic outpouring of the Holy Spirit,” to negative ones, such as “There will be an increase of public moral failures among Spirit-empowered leaders.” Of the 132 members invited, 29 percent, or 38 participants completed the survey. Participants reached a consensus on eight of thirteen projections. The results show that Empowered21 leaders have high expectations for 2020 — that the church would experience a historic outpouring of the Holy Spirit, sustained by new leadership. Yet, this would be accompanied by an increasing divide between how emerging and established generations express their Spirit-empowered faith.
Heart and Reason: Using Pascal to Clarify Smith’s Ambiguity
Authors: Bom Klaas 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Like other Pentecostal scholars, James Smith highlights the anti-rationalist feature of Pentecostalism and stresses the priority of (faith) experiences. In his sketch of a Pentecostal contribution to epistemology, however, this stance leads to an ambiguous appreciation of the role of human reasoning in the process of knowing. I will address some consequences of this position and show that Blaise Pascal’s work provides clarification. Like Smith, Pascal gives priority to the heart, but rational and sensorial knowledge are both explicitly highly valued. The shared priority of the knowledge of the heart is the starting point to understand the possible contribution of Pascal to Smith’s Pentecostal quest for an adequate perspective on epistemology. I will argue that the most challenging points of Pascal’s possible contribution are the proper place of reasoning, the crucial function of willing and love, and the elaboration within a broader theological perspective.
Something gone awry: unsolved mysteries in the evolution of asymmetric animal genitalia
Authors: Schilthuizen Menno 
Published: November 2012

The great diversity in genital shape and function across and within the animal phyla hamper the identification of specific evolutionary trends that stretch beyond the limits of the group under study. Asymmetry might be a trait in genital morphology that could play a unifying role in the evolutionary biology of genitalia. Here, I review the current knowledge on the taxonomic distribution, phylogenetic patterns, genetics, development, and ecology of asymmetric (chiral) genitalia. Asymmetric genitalia (male as well as female) have evolved from bilaterally symmetric ones (and sometimes vice versa), innumerous times in most animal taxa with internal fertilisation, and especially in Platyhelminthes, Arthropoda, Nematoda, and Chordata. In groups with asymmetric genitalia, chiral reversal (where species carry genitalia that are the mirror image of those in other, congeneric, species) is common, but antisymmetry (both mirror images present within a species) is rare. Although indications exist that, at least in insects, asymmetry evolves as a compensatory response to the evolution of male-dominant mating positions, many mysteries remain. Main questions are: (i) is genital asymmetry developmental-genetically linked with other (visceral, external) asymmetries? (ii) is genital asymmetry usually correlated with a change in mating position? (iii) is asymmetry more likely to evolve in response to cryptic female choice or sexually-antagonistic coevolution? (iv) why is antisymmetry so rare and how does chiral reversal evolve? Based on an overview of the taxonomic patterns, I advocate a research program that makes use of the simple, binary nature of left-right asymmetry to test hypotheses for its evolution with experimental and comparative methods. I also provide tables with full or summarised data on (a) genital asymmetry across all animal phyla with internal fertilisation; (b) genera with dextral as well as sinistral species; (c) species with dextral as well as sinistral individuals; (d) genera with symmetric as well as asymmetric species; (e) species with symmetric as well as asymmetric individuals.
Note on the Interim Measures in the Indus Waters Kishenganga Arbitration
Authors: Tanaka Yoshifumi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
On 17 May 2010, Pakistan initiated arbitration proceedings against India before a Court of Arbitration with regard to a dispute arising from the use of the river Kishenganga. The dispute involves the legality of India’s Kishenganga Hydro-Electric Project (KHEP) on the river Kishenganga/Neelam under the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty. In the Indus Waters Kishenganga Arbitration, Pakistan requested that the Court issue an order for interim measures, and, on 23 September 2011, the Court laid down certain interim measures on the basis of Article IX and Paragraph 28 of Annexure G to the Indus Waters Treaty. The Order of the Court of Arbitration addresses certain issues that need further consideration with regard to conditions and functions of provisional measures in the settlement of international water disputes. Thus, this article will seek to examine the Order of 2011 as a case study of interim measures in the settlement of international water disputes.
The Slide from Withdrawal to War: The UN Secretary General’s Failed Effort in Afghanistan, 1992
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Dipali 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The United Nations represented an organization of severely limited means during the Cold War. The Secretary-General’s office became one of the few instruments in the UN system with the power to influence international relations, albeit in limited ways. As Afghanistan emerged from one war in 1989, it risked falling into another involving the various Afghan stakeholders left to fight each other in the wake of their victory over the Soviets. The office of the Special Representative to the Secretary-General emerged as a key exponent of “quiet diplomacy,” as various emissaries shuttled across the globe working to prevent this fragile post-conflict state’s return to violent conflict. The operating environment was saturated with mistrust as a result of superpower tensions, regional agendas, ethno-religious differences, and a highly militarized landscape. This article considers the geopolitical, institutional, operational, and personal dimensions of this diplomatic campaign from the time of Soviet withdrawal until 1992. Ultimately, the campaign’s limitations overwhelmed its advantages and the Afghan state dissolved into a dark period of warlordism and violence. This article explores the reasons for the eventual failure of diplomacy and its implications for quiet diplomatic efforts that have resurfaced in Afghanistan since 2001.
Opinion of Germany on the Single Permit Proposal
Authors: Brinkmann Gisbert 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The development of EU measures regarding access to employment and Germany’s general attitude to these measures (reluctance) are described briefly. This article mainly concerns Germany’s objections (and the objections of other Member States) to the proposal by the Commission of the Single Permit Directive, which was changed several times during the negotiations. Germany (together with other Member States) managed to downgrade the Directive, in particular with regard to the equality rights of TCNs. The conclusion describes that there are only a few rules that are mandatory, much is left to national legislation. The conclusion mentions further that there is a gap between the rights of EU citizens and TCNs; it refers briefly to the future transposition of the Directive which will mean amending national law.
The Journey of the Suffering Servant: The Vulnerable Hero, the Feminine Godhead and Spiritual Transformation in Endō Shūsaku’s Deep River
Authors: Kim JinHyok 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This study aims to investigate how the Biblical view of the Suffering Servant transforms a basic pattern of the hero’s journey into a narrative of spiritual growth in modern literature. In this article, especially, I will examine the novel Deep River by the 20th-century Japanese Catholic novelist, Endō Shūsaku, paying special attention to his use of Jungian archetypes. Unlike the beautiful and gracious Holy Mother of Christian belief, the image of Endō’s feminine divinity is what we think as ordinary, depressing, shameful, and even ugly. As the very embodiment of this motherly divine Love, the hero of the novel eventually figures out that his journey should be structured analogously to the narrative of the Suffering Servant. This hero helps people discover the mother-like God and invites them into their own spiritual journey in which they accept the vulnerability, ineffectiveness and helplessness of human existence.
Les rapports soumis par la Tunisie aux organes de traités de droits de l’homme
Authors: Mekki Nidhal 
Published: November 2012

Résumé
Les rapports que soumet un État partie aux organes de traités sont l’occasion pour ces derniers d’évaluer la situation des droits de l’homme dans l’État partie concerné, notamment en prenant connaissance des mesures prises pour promouvoir et protéger ces droits. Si elle n’est pas très régulière dans la présentation de ses rapports aux comités, la Tunisie a cependant multiplié les réalisations en matière de droits de l’homme aux plans juridique et institutionnel. Or l’intérêt de l’examen entrepris réside en ce que les organes de traités mesurent très bien l’écart entre les dires de l’État évalué et ses actes, entre les textes et la pratique. Face aux questions précises et directes et aux recommandations insistantes et sans complaisance, la Tunisie affiche une volonté de coopérer. Bien qu’ils ne soient pas des organes juridictionnels, les comités remplissent de manière très satisfaisante leur rôle de promotion et de protection des droits de l’homme.
Les infractions liées aux transplantations d’organes en droit pénal algérien et en droit comparé
Authors: Mamoun Abdelkrim 
Published: November 2012

Résumé
Les transplantations d’organes sont soumises à un ensemble de conditions juridiques, établi par divers systèmes juridiques, parmi lesquels se range le droit algérien. Ces conditions concernent la nécessité de respecter les droits de l’individu sur son corps, en particulier son droit à l’intégrité physique et morale lors de toute intervention de transplantation d’organes. Jusqu’à 2009, le législateur algérien n’avait pas pensé à l’incrimination spécifique des auteurs d’actes liés aux transplantations d’organes : en cas de conséquences préjudiciables, il en référait aux dispositions générales du code pénal concernant l’homicide involontaire et les coups et blessures, volontaires et involontaires. Or ces dispositions ne procurent pas une protection suffisante contre les atteintes au corps humain dans le contexte du prélèvement et de la transplantation d’organes. C’est pour cela qu’en février 2009, le législateur algérien a introduit de nouvelles dispositions pénales relatives à ce domaine spécifique d’infractions, parmi lesquelles on relève les prélèvements d’organes sans consentement préalable et le trafic d’organes humains.
The Latin Editions of Galen's Opera omnia (1490–1625) and Their Prefaces
Authors: Fortuna Stefania 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBetween 1490 to 1625, twenty-two editions of Galen's opera omnia were published in Latin, while only two in Greek. In the Western world Galen's literary production was mostly known through Latin translations, even in the sixteenth century, when Greek medicine was being rediscovered in its original language. The paper discusses the twenty-two Latin editions of Galen's writings and how they evolved. In these editions the number of works increased, especially from 1490 to 1533, while later, from 1576–1577 to 1586, forged commentaries on Hippocrates were added, when Galenic medicine was declining. Moreover, in 1490 Galen's works were printed in medieval translations from Arabic and Greek, while by 1541–1542 most of them had already received new humanist translations. The humanist translations, which started about 1480, depended on Greek manuscripts until 1525, when the Aldine provided the standard Greek text of Galen. Afterwards, the Greek manuscripts were used to correct the Latin, especially in the editions from 1541–1542 to 1565. Therefore the complete Latin editions included most of the philological work on Galen during the sixteenth century, as well as discussions on the authorship of some works, on the order in which they had to be read or printed, and on their selection for medical education.