bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yeast Prions: Structure, Biology, and Prion-Handling Systems
Authors: Wickner Reed B. , Shewmaker Frank P. , Bateman David A. , Edskes Herman K. , Gorkovskiy Anton , Dayani Yaron , Bezsonov Evgeny E. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARY
A prion is an infectious protein horizontally transmitting a disease or trait without a required nucleic acid. Yeast and fungal prions are nonchromosomal genes composed of protein, generally an altered form of a protein that catalyzes the same alteration of the protein. Yeast prions are thus transmitted both vertically (as genes composed of protein) and horizontally (as infectious proteins, or prions). Formation of amyloids (linear ordered β-sheet-rich protein aggregates with β-strands perpendicular to the long axis of the filament) underlies most yeast and fungal prions, and a single prion protein can have any of several distinct self-propagating amyloid forms with different biological properties (prion variants). Here we review the mechanism of faithful templating of protein conformation, the biological roles of these prions, and their interactions with cellular chaperones, the Btn2 and Cur1 aggregate-handling systems, and other cellular factors governing prion generation and propagation. Human amyloidoses include the PrP-based prion conditions and many other, more common amyloid-based diseases, several of which show prion-like features. Yeast prions increasingly are serving as models for the understanding and treatment of many mammalian amyloidoses. Patients with different clinical pictures of the same amyloidosis may be the equivalent of yeasts with different prion variants.
Blood pressure and hypertension in athletes: a systematic review
Authors: Berge H M , Isern C B , Berge E 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveHypertension is reported to be the most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in elite athletes. We aimed to review blood pressure (BP) and prevalence of hypertension in different elite athletes, and study whether there was an association between high BP and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).MethodsA systematic review of studies reporting BP in athletes using search strategies developed for PubMed and EMBASE, including only studies with ≥100 participants. We collected data on BP, prevalence of hypertension, LVH and methods of BP measurement.ResultsOf 3723 records identified, 51 met the inclusion criteria. These included men and women (n=138 390), aged mostly between 18 and 40 years, from varied sports disciplines. Mean systolic BP varied from 109±11 to 138±7 mm Hg and mean diastolic BP from 57±12 to 92±10 mm Hg. Strength-trained athletes had higher BP than endurance-trained athletes (131.3±5.3/77.3±1.4 vs 118.6±2.8/71.8±1.2 mm Hg, p<0.05), and there was a trend towards a higher BP in athletes training ≥10 h compared with others (121.8±3.8/73.8±2.5 vs 117.6±3.3/66.8±6.9, p=0.058), but overall there was no significant difference in BP between athletes and controls. The prevalence of hypertension varied from 0% to 83%. Some studies showed an association between high BP and LVH. Measurement methods were poorly standardised.ConclusionsBP and prevalence of hypertension in athletes varied considerably partly because of variations in methodology, but type and intensity of training may contribute towards higher BP. High BP may be associated with LVH.
Sports injuries and illnesses in the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games
Authors: Soligard Torbjørn , Steffen Kathrin , Palmer-Green Debbie , Aubry Mark , Grant Marie-Elaine , Meeuwisse Willem , Mountjoy Margo , Budgett Richard , Engebretsen Lars 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundSystematic surveillance of injuries and illnesses is the foundation for developing preventive measures in sport.AimTo analyse the injuries and illnesses that occurred during the XXII Olympic Winter Games, held in Sochi in 2014.MethodsWe recorded the daily occurrence (or non-occurrence) of injuries and illnesses (1) through the reporting of all National Olympic Committee (NOC) medical teams and (2) in the polyclinic and medical venues by the Sochi 2014 medical staff.ResultsNOC and Sochi 2014 medical staff reported 391 injuries and 249 illnesses among 2780 athletes from 88 NOCs, equalling incidences of 14 injuries and 8.9 illnesses per 100 athletes over an 18-day period of time. Altogether, 12% and 8% of the athletes incurred at least one injury or illness, respectively. The percentage of athletes injured was highest in aerial skiing, snowboard slopestyle, snowboard cross, slopestyle skiing, halfpipe skiing, moguls skiing, alpine skiing, and snowboard halfpipe. Thirty-nine per cent of the injuries were expected to prevent the athlete from participating in competition or training. Women suffered 50% more illnesses than men. The rate of illness was highest in skeleton, short track, curling, cross-country skiing, figure skating, bobsleigh and aerial skiing. A total of 159 illnesses (64%) affected the respiratory system, and the most common cause of illness was infection (n=145, 58%).ConclusionsOverall, 12% of the athletes incurred at least one injury during the games, and 8% an illness, which is similar to prior Olympic Games. The incidence of injuries and illnesses varied substantially between sports.
Protocol for a human in vivo model of acute cigarette smoke inhalation challenge in smokers with COPD: monitoring the nasal and systemic immune response using a network biology approach
Authors: Ross Clare L , Galloway-Phillipps Neil , Armstrong Paul C , Mitchell Jane A , Warner Timothy D , Brearley Christopher , Ito Mari , Tunstall Tanushree , Elkin Sarah , Kon Onn Min , Hansel Trevor T , Paul-Clark Mark J 
Published: January 2015

IntroductionCigarette smoke contributes to a diverse range of diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disorders and many cancers. There currently is a need for human challenge models, to assess the acute effects of a controlled cigarette smoke stimulus, followed by serial sampling of blood and respiratory tissue for advanced molecular profiling. We employ precision sampling of nasal mucosal lining fluid by absorption to permit soluble mediators measurement in eluates. Serial nasal curettage was used for transcriptomic analysis of mucosal tissue.Methods and analysisThree groups of strictly defined patients will be studied: 12 smokers with COPD (GOLD Stage 2) with emphysema, 12 matched smokers with normal lung function and no evidence of emphysema, and 12 matched never smokers with normal spirometry. Patients in the smoking groups are current smokers, and will be given full support to stop smoking immediately after this study. In giving a controlled cigarette smoke stimulus, all patients will have abstained from smoking for 12 h, and will smoke two cigarettes with expiration through the nose in a ventilated chamber. Before and after inhalation of cigarette smoke, a series of samples will be taken from the blood, nasal mucosal lining fluid and nasal tissue by curettage. Analysis of plasma nicotine and metabolites in relation to levels of soluble inflammatory mediators in nasal lining fluid and blood, as well as assessing nasal transcriptomics, ex vivo blood platelet aggregation and leucocyte responses to toll-like receptor agonists will be undertaken.ImplicationsDevelopment of acute cigarette smoke challenge models has promise for the study of molecular effects of smoking in a range of pathological processes.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the West London National Research Ethics Committee (12/LO/1101). The study findings will be presented at conferences and will be reported in peer-reviewed journals.
Help-seeking intentions and subsequent 12-month mental health service use in Chinese primary care patients with depressive symptoms
Authors: Chin Weng Yee , Chan Kit T Y , Lam Cindy L K , Lam T P , Wan Eric Y F 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo identify the factors associated with 12-month mental health service use in primary care patients with depressive symptoms.DesignCross-sectional followed by 12-month cohort study.Setting and participants10 179 adult patients were recruited from the waiting rooms of 59 primary care clinics across Hong Kong to complete a questionnaire which screened for depression. 518 screened-positive participants formed the cohort and were telephoned at 3, 6 and 12 months to monitor mental health service use.Primary and secondary outcomes▸ Help-seeking preferences;▸ Intention to seek help from a healthcare professional;▸ 12-month mental health service use.ResultsAt baseline, when asked who they would seek help from if they thought they were depressed, respondents preferred using friends and family (46.5%) over a psychiatrist (24.9%), psychologist (22.8%) or general practitioner (GP; 19.9%). The presence of depressive symptoms was associated with a lower intention to seek help from family and friends but had no effect on intention to seek help from a healthcare professional. Over 12 months, 24.3% of the screened-positive cohort reported receiving services from a mental health professional. Factors associated with service use included identification of depression by the GP at baseline, having a past history of depression or other mental illness, and being a public sector patient. Having a positive intention to seek professional help or more severe depressive symptoms at baseline was not associated with a greater likelihood of receiving treatment.ConclusionsMental health service use appears to be very low in this setting with only one in four primary care patients with depressive symptoms receiving treatment from a psychiatrist, GP or psychologist over a year. To help reduce the burden of illness, better detection of depressive disorders is needed especially for patients who may be undertreated such as those with no prior diagnosis of depression and those with more severe symptoms.
Specialist integrated haematological malignancy diagnostic services: an Activity Based Cost (ABC) analysis of a networked laboratory service model
Authors: Dalley C , Basarir H , Wright J G , Fernando M , Pearson D , Ward S E , Thokula P , Krishnankutty A , Wilson G , Dalton A , Talley P , Barnett D , Hughes D , Porter N R , Reilly J T , Snowden J A 
Published: January 2015

AimsSpecialist Integrated Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Services (SIHMDS) were introduced as a standard of care within the UK National Health Service to reduce diagnostic error and improve clinical outcomes. Two broad models of service delivery have become established: ‘co-located’ services operating from a single-site and ‘networked’ services, with geographically separated laboratories linked by common management and information systems. Detailed systematic cost analysis has never been published on any established SIHMDS model.MethodsWe used Activity Based Costing (ABC) to construct a cost model for our regional ‘networked’ SIHMDS covering a two-million population based on activity in 2011.ResultsOverall estimated annual running costs were £1 056 260 per annum (£733 400 excluding consultant costs), with individual running costs for diagnosis, staging, disease monitoring and end of treatment assessment components of £723 138, £55 302, £184 152 and £94 134 per annum, respectively. The cost distribution by department was 28.5% for haematology, 29.5% for histopathology and 42% for genetics laboratories. Costs of the diagnostic pathways varied considerably; pathways for myelodysplastic syndromes and lymphoma were the most expensive and the pathways for essential thrombocythaemia and polycythaemia vera being the least.ConclusionsABC analysis enables estimation of running costs of a SIHMDS model comprised of ‘networked’ laboratories. Similar cost analyses for other SIHMDS models covering varying populations are warranted to optimise quality and cost-effectiveness in delivery of modern haemato-oncology diagnostic services in the UK as well as internationally.
Political party affiliation, political ideology and mortality
Authors: Pabayo Roman , Kawachi Ichiro , Muennig Peter 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundEcological and cross-sectional studies have indicated that conservative political ideology is associated with better health. Longitudinal analyses of mortality are needed because subjective assessments of ideology may confound subjective assessments of health, particularly in cross-sectional analyses.MethodsData were derived from the 2008 General Social Survey-National Death Index data set. Cox proportional analysis models were used to determine whether political party affiliation or political ideology was associated with time to death. Also, we attempted to identify whether self-reported happiness and self-rated health acted as mediators between political beliefs and time to death.ResultsIn this analysis of 32 830 participants and a total follow-up time of 498 845 person-years, we find that political party affiliation and political ideology are associated with mortality. However, with the exception of independents (adjusted HR (AHR)=0.93, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.97), political party differences are explained by the participants’ underlying sociodemographic characteristics. With respect to ideology, conservatives (AHR=1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.12) and moderates (AHR=1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11) are at greater risk for mortality during follow-up than liberals.ConclusionsPolitical party affiliation and political ideology appear to be different predictors of mortality.
Higher effort–reward imbalance and lower job control predict exit from the labour market at the age of 61 years or younger: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Hintsa T , Kouvonen A , McCann M , Jokela M , Elovainio M , Demakakos P 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundWe examined whether higher effort–reward imbalance (ERI) and lower job control are associated with exit from the labour market.MethodsThere were 1263 participants aged 50–74 years from the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing with data on working status and work-related psychosocial factors at baseline (wave 2; 2004–2005), and working status at follow-up (wave 5; 2010–2011). Psychosocial factors at work were assessed using a short validated version of ERI and job control. An allostatic load index was formed using 13 biological parameters. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Exit from the labour market was defined as not working in the labour market when 61 years old or younger in 2010–2011.ResultsHigher ERI OR=1.62 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.61, p=0.048) predicted exit from the labour market independent of age, sex, education, occupational class, allostatic load and depression. Job control OR=0.60 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.85, p=0.004) was associated with exit from the labour market independent of age, sex, education, occupation and depression. The association of higher effort OR=1.32 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.73, p=0.045) with exit from the labour market was independent of age, sex and depression but attenuated to non-significance when additionally controlling for socioeconomic measures. Reward was not related to exit from the labour market.ConclusionsStressful work conditions can be a risk for exiting the labour market before the age of 61 years. Neither socioeconomic position nor allostatic load and depressive symptoms seem to explain this association.
Extensive cerebral microbleeds predict parenchymal haemorrhage and poor outcome after intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Yan Shenqiang , Jin Xinchun , Zhang Xuting , Zhang Sheng , Liebeskind David S , Lou Min 
Published: January 2015

PurposeThrombolysis-related haemorrhagic transformation (HT) subtypes may have different prognostic implications. We aimed to analyse the impact of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) burden on HT subtypes and outcome after intravenous thrombolysis.MethodsWe retrospectively examined clinical and radiological data from 333 consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke who underwent susceptibility-weighted imaging before intravenous thrombolysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the impact of CMBs on HT subtypes and neurological outcome.ResultsWe observed 596 CMBs in 119 (39.7%) patients on initial gradient-recalled echo scans. HT occurred in 88 (29.3%) patients, among which 62 were haemorrhagic infarction and 26 were parenchymal haemorrhage (PH). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the presence of extensive (≥3) CMBs was independently associated with PH (OR 6.704; 95% CI 2.054 to 21.883; p=0.002) and poor clinical outcome (OR 2.281; 95% CI 1.022 to 5.093; p=0.044).ConclusionsThe presence of extensive (≥3) CMBs increased the risk of PH 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis, and predicted poor clinical outcome independently.
Exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sagar Viral A , Davies Edward J , Briscoe Simon , Coats Andrew J S , Dalal Hasnain M , Lough Fiona , Rees Karen , Singh Sally , Taylor Rod S 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo update the Cochrane systematic review of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for heart failure.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was undertaken. MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2013. Trials with 6 or more months of follow-up were included if they assessed the effects of exercise interventions alone or as a component of comprehensive CR programme compared with no exercise control.Results33 trials were included with 4740 participants predominantly with a reduced ejection fraction (<40%) and New York Heart Association class II and III. Compared with controls, while there was no difference in pooled all-cause mortality between exercise CR with follow-up to 1 year (risk ratio (RR) 0.93; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.27, p=0.67), there was a trend towards a reduction in trials with follow-up beyond 1 year (RR 0.88; 0.75 to 1.02, 0.09). Exercise CR reduced the risk of overall (RR 0.75; 0.62 to 0.92, 0.005) and heart failure-specific hospitalisation (RR 0.61; 0.46 to 0.80, 0.0004) and resulted in a clinically important improvement in the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire (mean difference: −5.8 points, −9.2 to −2.4, 0.0007). Univariate meta-regression analysis showed that these benefits were independent of the type and dose of exercise CR, and trial duration of follow- up, quality or publication date.ConclusionsThis updated Cochrane review shows that improvements in hospitalisation and health-related quality of life with exercise-based CR appear to be consistent across patients regardless of CR programme characteristics and may reduce mortality in the longer term. An individual participant data meta-analysis is needed to provide confirmatory evidence of the importance of patient subgroup and programme level characteristics (eg, exercise dose) on outcome.
Volcanic volumes associated with the Kenya Rift: recognition and correction of preservation biases
Authors: Guth A. L. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

New eruptive volume estimates have been calculated for the Kenyan segment of the East African Rift. Since the initial publications of volume estimates for the Kenyan Rift, numerous age dates have been obtained for the region allowing for temporal analysis of eruptive volumes. Additionally, more recent available datasets allow for the independent testing of map-derived volumes. Newly calculated volumes from available seismic data indicate a total volume of
c.
310 000 km
3
, which is significantly more than map-derived volumes found here or published previously. It is suggested that the map-based estimates are likely affected by biases against recognizing small volume events in the older record. Such events have been, however, the main driver of erupted volume over the last 5 Ma. A simple ratio-adjustment technique was developed to counter these biases and results in convergence of the volume estimates from the two independent datasets examined.

Supplementary material:

Volume calculations and classifications are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18800
.
Synthesis, Characterisation, Crystal Structure, and Antimicrobial and Larvicidal Studies of [Cu(2,2′-bipy)2SO4]·3CH4N2O·2H2O
Authors: Santha Lakshmi Sundaramurthy , Samundeeswari Srinivasan 
Published: January 2015

A pentacoordinated mononuclear copper(II) complex, namely, bis(2,2′-bipyridine)sulphatecopper(II) urea trisolvate dihydrate, has been synthesised and characterised by molar conductance and UV-Vis and FTIR spectra. The structure of the complex was unambiguously confirmed by single crystal XRD. The complex crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with the values a = 20.155(4), b = 20.858(4), and c = 14.425(3) Å; α = 90.00°, β = 96.51°, and γ = 90.00°; V = 6025(2) Å3 and Z = 8. The Cu(II) ion is coordinated to four nitrogen atoms of two bidentate 2,2′-bipyridine ligands (bipy) and by one oxygen atom of the sulphate group and displays distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The Cu(II) complex was screened for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans. Larvicidal activity of the synthesized copper(II) complex was carried out against larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles subpictus.
Type and intensity of FVIII exposure on inhibitor development in PUPs with haemophilia A
Authors: Elisa Mancuso Maria , Santagostino Elena , Kenet Gili , Elalfy Mohssen , Holzhauer Susanne , Bidlingmaier Christoph , Escuriola Ettingshausen Carmen , Iorio Alfonso , Nowak-Göttl Ulrike , Marcucci Maura 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe impact of treatment-related factors on inhibitor development in previously untreated patients (PUPs) with haemophilia A is still debated. We present the results of a collaborative, individual patient data meta-analytic project. Eligible data sources were published cohorts of PUPs for which patient-level data were available. The exposures of interest were factor (F)VIII type (recombinant [rFVIII] vs plasma-derived [pdFVIII]) and treatment intensity (≥ vs < 150 IU/kg/week) at first treatment. Family history of inhibitors, F8 mutations, age, treatment regimen (on-demand vs prophylaxis), secular trend and surgery were analysed as putative confounders using different statistical approaches (multivariable Cox regression, propensity score analyses, CART). Analyses accounted for the multi-centre origin of the data. We included 761 consecutive, unselected PUPs with moderate to severe haemophilia A from 10 centres in Egypt, Germany, Israel and Italy. A total of 27 % of patients developed inhibitors; 40 % and 22 % of patients treated with rFVIII and pdFVIII (unadjusted HR 2.2, 95 % CI 1.6–2.9), respectively; 51 % and 24 % of patients receiving high-and low-intensity treatment (unadjusted HR 2.9, 95 % CI 2.0–4.2), respectively. In adjusted analyses, only treatment intensity remained an independent predictor; the effect of FVIII type was largely due to confounding, but with a significant interaction between FVIII type and treatment intensity. This patient-level meta-analysis confirms, across different statistical approaches, that high-intensity treatment is a strong risk factor for inhibitor development. The possible role of FVIII type in subgroups is suggested by the test for interactions but could not be proven because of the limited subgroups sample sizes.