bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of yields and soil nitrogen dynamics for crop rotations by HERMES under different climate and soil conditions in the Czech Republic
Authors: HLAVINKA P. , TRNKA M. , KERSEBAUM K. C. , ČERMÁK P. , POHANKOVÁ E. , ORSÁG M. , POKORNÝ E. , FISCHER M. , BRTNICKÝ M. , ŽALUD Z. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe crop growth model HERMES was used to model crop rotation cycles at 12 experimental sites in the Czech Republic. A wide range of crops (spring and winter barley, winter wheat, maize, potatoes, sugar beet, winter rape, oats, alfalfa and grass), cultivated between 1981 and 2009 under various soil and climatic conditions, were included. The model was able to estimate the yields of field crop rotations at a reasonable level, with an index of agreement (IA) ranging from 0·82 to 0·96 for the calibration database (the median coefficient of determination (R2) was 0·71), while IA for verification varied from 0·62 to 0·93 (median R2 was 0·78). Grass yields were also estimated at a reasonable level of accuracy. The estimates were less accurate for the above-ground biomass at harvest (the medians for IA were 0·76 and 0·72 for calibration and verification, respectively, and analogous medians of R2 were 0·50 and 0·49). The soil mineral nitrogen (N) content under the field crops was simulated with good precision, with the IA ranging from 0·49 to 0·74 for calibration and from 0·43 to 0·68 for verification. Generally, the soil mineral N was underestimated, and more accurate results were achieved at locations with intensive fertilization. Simulated yields, soil N, water and organic carbon (C) contents were compared with long-term field measurements at Němčice, located within the fertile Moravian lowland. At this station, all of the observed parameters were reproduced with a reasonable level of accuracy. In the case of the organic C content, HERMES reproduced a decrease ranging from c. 85 to 77 tonnes (t)/ha (for the 0–0·3 m soil layer) between the years 1980 and 2007. In spite of its relatively simple approach and restricted input data, HERMES was proven to be robust across various conditions, which is a precondition for its future use for both theoretical and practical purposes.
Executive Compensation and Business Policy Choices at U.S. Commercial Banks
Authors: DeYoung Robert , Peng Emma Y. , Yan Meng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe show that contractual risk-taking incentives for chief executive officers (CEOs) increased at large U.S. commercial banks around 2000, when industry deregulation expanded these banks’ growth opportunities. Our econometric models indicate that CEOs responded positively to these incentives, especially at the larger banks best able to take advantage of these opportunities. Our results also suggest that bank boards responded to higher-than-average levels of risk by moderating CEO risk-taking incentives; however, this feedback effect is absent at the very largest banks with strong growth opportunities and a history of highly aggressive risk-taking incentives.
Kimura's disease: clinicopathological study of eight cases
Authors: Punia R P S , Aulakh R , Garg S , Chopra R , Mohan H , Dalal A 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground:Kimura's disease is a rare, localised, chronic inflammatory disease. This benign disease involves subcutaneous tissues, the major salivary gland, and lymph nodes primarily in the head and neck area.Method:Clinical details and stained slides of all cases reported as Kimura's disease over a 10-year period were reviewed.Results:There were eight cases of Kimura's disease. The mean age of patients was 22.8 years. One case showed associated nephrotic syndrome and two cases were associated with peripheral blood eosinophilia. All cases showed the typical histopathological features of Kimura's disease.Conclusion:Kimura's disease was first reported in China in 1937. The cause of Kimura's disease is unknown and many theories have been proposed. The eight cases reported here illustrate some of the variations in the mode of presentation and in the histological features of Kimura's disease. Kimura's disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with head and neck swellings and lymphadenopathy, and investigated accordingly.
Niesslia echinoides (Niessliaceae, Ascomycota), a new lichenicolous fungus on Erioderma from Bolivia
Authors: ETAYO Javier , FLAKUS Adam , KUKWA Martin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNiesslia echinoides Etayo, Flakus & Kukwa sp. nov. is described from Bolivia from the corticolous thallus of Erioderma barbellatum. The fungus is characterized by large ascospores usually breaking into halves within the asci, strongly setose and aggregated ascomata, usually simple setae, and no damage caused to the host thallus.
Two new species of saxicolousPyxinewith yellow medulla from southern India
Authors: NAYAKA Sanjeeva , UPRETI Dalip K. , PONMURUGAN Ponnusamy , AYYAPPADASAN Ganesan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTwo new species ofPyxinewith yellow medulla from saxicolous habitats are described as new to science. The new speciesP. punensishas an isidiate, UV+ yellow thallus with 0·3–0·6 mm wide lobes.Pyxine yercaudensishas smaller ascospores (13–16×6–7 µm), lacks vegetative propagules and lacks lichexanthone.
Algal stacks and fungal stacks as adaptations to high light in lichens
Authors: VONDRÁK Jan , KUBÁSEK Jiří 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSome lichens that occur in mountains and arid regions have developed an unusual anatomy resembling window-leaved plants. In these lichens, algal cells occur in thick vertical stacks (algal stacks) separated by vertical channels of light-transferring fungal hyphae (fungal stacks). We present experimental evidence that this anatomy permits higher rates of area-based CO2 assimilation in strong light, but that it also leads to higher respiration resulting in higher compensation irradiance. The net effect of this anatomy must be beneficial in regions of high insolation, as it has arisen many times in different parts of the world, and in unrelated lichens, and these lichens often dominate the communities in which they occur.
A census and status review of the Endangered François' langur Trachypithecus francoisi in Chongqing, China
Authors: Han Zongxian , Hu Gang , Wu Shaobin , Cao Changlei , Dong Xin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFrom September 2009 to September 2010 we undertook a survey of the Endangered François’ langur Trachypithecus francoisi in south-east Chongqing to compare the species' present status with historical records from the 1990s. Based on a literature review, interviews with local people and our survey we found François’ langurs in only three isolated sites, across four counties, with a total area of occurrence of c. 57 km2. The total population was estimated to be c. 200 individuals in 27 mixed sex groups. There were 21 groups (149 individuals) within a reserve (Jinfoshan), and four groups (36) in Furongjiang and two groups (13) in Heishangu were not within any reserve. The primary threat to the langur is habitat loss caused by traditional firewood use and agricultural encroachment but there is also increasing loss of forest to hydroelectric projects and construction of tourism infrastructure and facilities such as highways, hotels and telephone lines. The three sites in southern Chongqing province are adjacent to four areas in north-east Guizhou province that contain c. 60% of the wild population of the species in China. The seven sites combined are the main stronghold of this species and the geographical proximity of the sites raises the possibility of setting up ecological corridors between some of them.
Quantifying the effects of diverse private protected area management systems on ecosystem properties in a savannah biome, South Africa
Authors: Child Matthew F. , Peel Michael J. S. , Smit Izak P. J. , Sutherland William J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe effects of management on ecosystem diversity, structure and function must be understood for the sustainable integration of conservation and development. A potential source of experimentation and learning in ecosystem management is the array of private protected areas worldwide. Autonomous management systems can be seen as natural experiments, presenting an opportunity to explore the consequences of manipulating ecosystem properties. By quantifying management diversity and developing an index of management intensity we assessed the ecological correlates of private protected area management within the savannah biome in South Africa. Management intensity is positively correlated with herbivore density, predator density and ecotourism lodge density and negatively with herbivore community heterogeneity, reintroduction success and primary productivity at the local protected area scale. However, these trade-offs are tantamount to functional diversity as different management systems play unique roles in the regional socio-ecological and socio-economic systems, which range from animal production centres high in commercial value to low density areas that may sustain landscape processes. Furthermore, fenced private protected areas are necessary to safeguard rare species that cannot sustain viable populations in altered ecosystems. Thus, when considered at the regional scale, a private protected area network that constitutes a patchwork of management systems will create a coincident conservation and production landscape. We suggest that maintaining management heterogeneity will provide net benefits to biodiversity and potentially galvanize locally sustainable, wildlife-based economies.
Caritas in Veritate and Critical Theory: Locating Religion in the Public Sphere
Authors: Brigham Erin 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the debate on the public voice of religion from two perspectives: contemporary critical theory and the Catholic social tradition. Using the recent conversation between Jürgen Habermas and Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) on religion and secularization as a point of entry, I argue that critical theory offers a framework of rationality that promotes dialogue between religious and secular individuals while the Catholic social tradition's principle of subsidiarity provides a practical model for how this dialogue can occur.
Texture Correction in Phase Analysis and Thin Film Studies
Authors: Valvoda V. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA method is presented for correction of integrated X-ray intensities for preferred orientation of crystallites in a spinning specimen. It is based upon direct integration of the data obtainable from pole distribution of a single crystallographic plane. This pole distribution can be determined from measurements on a texture goniometer or, in special cases, from an ω-scan or from intensities of all reflections measured on a powder diffractometer only. The method was tested on four samples of magnesium and magnesium cadmium alloys and applied to hexagonal BN and α-Ti(N) surface layers. The method was developed with regard to application in phase analysis and thin film studies.
Illustrative Mineralogical Applications of the Level III Powder Diffraction File Computer Database Implemented in a Data Management Environment
Authors: Garvey Roy G. , McCarthy Gregory J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Level III Powder Diffraction File Computer Database can be used for many purposes beyond phase identification. The data file as received from the ICDD must be implemented via a data management system for efficient utilization. The results of one such implementation, and applications using the Mineral Powder Diffraction Subfile are reported. The applications include studies of space group statistics and density distributions as well as searches for cubic sulfide and uniaxial potentially pyroelectric minerals.
Synthesis and X-Ray Powder Diffraction Analysis of a New Metallic (but not Superconducting) Copper Oxide: La1.67Sr0.33Cu2O5
Authors: Huang T. C. , Nazzal A. I. , Tokura Y. , Torrance J. B. , Karimi R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn ordered oxygen-deficient tetragonal perovskite compound La1.67Sr0.33Cu205 has been synthesized by solid state reaction. X-ray powder diffraction was used to characterize the material. Unit cell parameters least-squares refined from non-overlapping diffraction peaks are a = 10.8696(9)Å, c = 3.8612(6)Å and V = 456.2(1)Å3. X-ray powder data have been obtained for the experimentally observed peak positions corrected for systematic errors, the relative intensities, values of dexp and the Miller indices of both resolved and overlapping reflections. The experimental diffraction pattern was compared to computer simulated patterns calculated from the neutron crystal structure parameters and the non-oxygen-deficient LaCuO3 compound. The figure of merit is F30 = 33.8 (0.018, 48).
Analysis of the X-Ray Powder Diffraction Pattern of Neodymium Ammonium Hydroxynitrate: Nd(OH)2NO3.(NH4NO3)0.5.H2O
Authors: Louër D. , Deneuve F. , Ouillon N. , David C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNeodymium ammonium hydroxynitrate, Nd(OH)2NO3.(NH4NO3)0.5.H2O, has been investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction. Unit cell dimensions were determined by indexing programs, from diffractometer data obtained with strictly monochromatic CuKα1 radiation. An I orthorhombic cell was found: a = 24.577 (4) Å, b = 7.1488 (16) Å, c = 3.8211 (9) Å. It is shown that the h 1 1 reflections present a selective line broadening.
The Detection and Quantification of Low Concentrations of Quartz in Dolostone by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Authors: Emig Jeffrey A. , Smith Deane K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractQuartz in dolostone can be determined quantitatively down to 0.03 weight percent using a standard preparation procedure for the sample and absolute integrated intensity measurements. Measurement reproducibilities of 3.2% were obtained. Calibration curves determined by spiking low-quartz dolostone allowed concentrations of 2.0 weight percent or lower to be established. Higher concentrations of quartz in some related soil samples were determined by comparing the absolute integrated intensity with that obtained from a pure quartz sample prepared in the same manner.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data for 2-nitro-l-phenyl-prop-l-ene
Authors: Rendle D.F. , Glazier E.J. , Cain P.M. , Connett B.E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractX-ray powder diffraction data for the compound 2-nitro-l-phenyl-prop-l-ene, C9H9NO2 are reported. The crystals are orthorhombic and the space group is Pbca[61], with a = 7.576(2), b = 19.452(5), c = 11.269(4)Å, Z = 8 Dx = 1.305, Dm = 1.300(2) g/cm3.
The Crystal Structures and Powder Diffraction Patterns of the Bismuth and Thallium Ruddlesden-Popper Copper Oxide Superconductors
Authors: Matheis David. P. , Snyder Robert L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper contains a review and explanation of the super conducting Ruddlesden-Popper phases in the systems Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O. Calculated powder X-ray patterns for the phases Bi-2201, 2212, 2223, and 2234 (where the numbers refer to the stoichiometric ratios of Bi:Sr:Ca:Cu) and Tl-1201, 1212, 1223, 1234, 2201, 2212, 2223, and 2234 (here the numbers refer to the molar ratios of Bi:Ba:Ca:Cu) generated from the reviewed crystal structures are presented. Observed powder patterns for Tl-2201, Tl-2212, Bi-2201 and Bi-2212 are included and compared to the calculated patterns of these phases.
New Crystal Data for High Temperature Hexagonal Silver Sulfate
Authors: Masciocchi Norberto , Parrish William 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPowder data for Ag2SO4were obtained with a conventional diffractometer equipped with a vacuum heating chamber. The transition from the low-temperature orthorhombic phase occurs over a temperature range of about 415° to 425°C and forms a hexagonal phase plus metallic silver. The lack of a sharp transition must be taken into account in high-temperature X-ray diffraction or DSC/DTA studies. The lattice parameters of the high-temperature hexagonal phase are a = 5.531(3), c = 7.456(5)Å at 440°C, λ = 1.540562 Å. Crystal structure determination was not completed because of uncertainty in the chemical composition.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Study of the Tungsten Bronze Type Barium Sodium Niobates
Authors: Shimazu M. , Kubota Y. , Wada T. , Tsutsumi S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBa2NaNb5,O15 and eighteen additional compositions in the NaNbO3-BaNb2O6 system from 60 to 85 mole % BaNb2O6 have been prepared and studied by X-ray powder diffraction. A calculated pattern has been used to aid in indexing the powder pattern of stoichiometric Ba2NaNb5O15(BNN-S). The lattice parameters of BNN-S have been determined from repeated measurements of 2 higher order reflections and are a=b=17.5994(8)Å and c=7.9771(9)Å. A comparison with the Powder Diffraction File (PDF) 34-210 indicates that the present data provide a more precise match to the unit cell, include additional weak reflections and cover a greater 2θ range. There is a tungsten bronzetype solid solution range from 60 to 75 mole % BaNb2O6.
Crystal Data of Diltiazem Hydrochloride C22H26N2O4S·HCl
Authors: Mayer I. , Cohen S. , Tsamir L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractX-ray powder diffraction analysis of Diltiazem Hydrochloride C22H26N2O4S·HCl reveals that the compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic unit cell with the powder data unit cell parameters of a=9.08(1), b=42.09(4), c=6.03(1) Å, V=2305 Å3. The unit cell dimensions determined by single crystal diffraction analysis agree well with those of powder diffraction analysis. Samples prepared under different crystallization conditions yielded the same powder patterns.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data for [Pt(C2H8N2)(C7H8N40)2](PF6)2, cis-[bis(7,9 - dimethylhypoxanthine) (ethylene diamine) platinum (II)] dihexafluorophosphate
Authors: Frevel Ludo K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObserved and calculated X-ray powder diffraction data are given for cis-[bis (7,9 dimethylhypoxanthine) (ethylene diamine) platinum (II)] dihexafluorophosphate. The paper details how the powder data were obtained with CrKα1radiation and how the quality rating of the pattern was assessed with respect to unique indexing and with regard to the agreement between calculated and observed relative intensities.
Crystal and X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data for Mixed Oxides MTe2O6 (M = Ce, Th)
Authors: López M.L. , Veiga M.L. , Jerez A , Pico C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMeT2O6 (M = Ce, Th) are monoclinic, space group P21/n (No. 14). The cell dimensions for CeTe2O6 are a = 7.0190(7), b = 11.0423(6), c = 7.3319(8)Å and β = 108.00(8)° and for ThTe2O6 cell dimensions are a = 7.1934(4), b = 11.2310(6), c = 7.4650(2) Å and β= 108.04(6)°.
High Quality Powder Diffraction Data from an Impure Specimen: Triphylite, Li(Fe,Mn)PO4
Authors: Blanchard Frank N. , Saligan Pablo P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHigh quality powder diffraction data were obtained from a specimen containing inseparable impurities, by using single crystal precession photographs to explore all possible reflections for the mineral being studied. In this manner it is acceptable to ignore weak reflections that do not index on the unit cell and that are not observed on the single crystal photographs. Triphylite is given as an example.
The Space Group and Reference Powder Diffraction Data for Tetracycline Hydrochloride, C22H24N2O8HC1
Authors: Blanchard Frank N. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBased on analysis of its powder diffraction pattern, tetracycline hydrochloride is orthorhombic; the space group is probably P212121(19) or P21212(18). Indexed powder data and refined cell parameters are presented.
Limiting Factors for Diffraction in the Gandolfi X-Ray Camera: A Discussion
Authors: Corbett Ronald K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOccasional gaps in diffraction arcs are to be expected on “powder films” obtained with the Gandolfi X-ray camera, particularly when the specimen is a single crystal of low symmetry. The geometrical limitations of the method were succinctly and elegantly stated by the worker whose name the camera bears, in work published a quarter of a century ago. Gandolfi also stated a meansibr amelioration of the missing reflections “problem” Numerous authors have made reference to such discrepancies in the intervening period. These minor difficulties notwithstanding, the Gandolfi camera remains a powerful tool for materials analysis.
Crystal Data for [Cu(C14H15N3)X2·nH2O [X = N3 (n = 1); NCS and Br (n = 0)] Compounds
Authors: Arriortua M.I. , Vía J. , Larramendi J.I.R. , Rojo T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThree members of the family [Cu(C14H15N3)X2]·nH2O [X = N3(n = 1); NCS and Br(n = 0)], C14H15N3, = N-(2′-(6-methyl) pyridyl) methylene-2-(2′-pyridyl)ethylamine)] (pymep), have been prepared by reaction in solution. Crystal data determined with the aid of single crystal methods, powder diffraction data, and densities determined by flotation methods are presented.
Improved Crystallographic Data for AlNbO4
Authors: Rawn C. J. , Roth R. S. , McMurdie H. F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe compound AlNbO4 has been studied by single crystal X-ray precession photographs and X-ray powder diffraction. Unit cell dimensions were calculated using a least squares analysis that refined to a Δ2θ° of no more than 0.03°. A monoclinic cell was found with space group C2/m, a = 12.1558(5)Å, b = 3.7345(2)Å, c = 6.4886(3)Å, and β = 107.613(4)°.
Powder Crystal Data for the High-Temperature Phases Cu4In, Cu9In4(h) and Cu2In(h)
Authors: Che G.C. , Ellner M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe high-temperature phases Cu4In, Cu9In4(h) and Cu2In(h) cannot be retained by quenching. In contrast to this, splat-cooling specimens of these alloys yielded single phase products. Cell parameters in the range of homogeneity of these phases were measured. Powder crystal data for Cu4In(W type), Cu9In4(h) (Cu9Al4type) and Cu2In(h) (Ni2In type) are given.
Structure Determination of Tl4V2O7 from Powder Diffraction Data using an Inel X-Ray PSD: Stereochemical Activity of Thallium(I) Lone Pair
Authors: Jouanneaux A. , Joubert O. , Evain M. , Ganne M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe crystal structure of Tl4V2O7 is solved ab-initio from powder diffraction data collected in Debye-Scherrer geometry using an Inel X-ray Position Sensitive Detector. The structure has been determined from Rietveld analysis in space group ml, Z = 1, with a = 5.9388(2)Å and c = 7.7322(3)Å. The structure of Tl4V2O7 is built up from isolated V2O7 groups aligned along the trigonal c axis. Thallium atoms alternate along a 3-fold axis. The presence of stereochemically active lone pairs is demonstrated and their positions are calculated using a self-consistent electrostatic model. The influence of sample absorption is briefly discussed and the results are compared with those obtained in Bragg-Brentano geometry using flat-plate specimen.
Occurrence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria species in livestock from northern China and first isolation ofMycobacterium caprae
Authors: ZENG W. , ZHANG Y. , ZHAO X. , HUANG G. , JIANG Y. , DONG H. , LI X. , WAN K. , HE C. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYWe investigated the presence ofMycobacteriumspp. in livestock in northern China. Of the 163 clinical samples selected for this study, 20 were from throat swabs of dairy cows, and 143 were tissue samples (including lung tissue from one reindeer, hilar lymph node tissue from 55 cows, and liver tissue from 87 sheep). A total of 41 mycobacterial isolates were identified including two isolates ofM. capraeand 39 non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates. Multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) profiles of the twoM. capraeisolates proved to be unique. This is the first report ofM. capraeisolates from livestock in China. This study also confirms previous reports that NTM is common in livestock in northern China.