bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for quantitative quasi‐static elasticity imaging using force data
Authors: Tyagi Mohit , Goenezen Sevan , Barbone Paul E. , Oberai Assad A. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYQuasi‐static elasticity imaging can improve diagnosis and detection of diseases that affect the mechanical behavior of tissue. In this methodology, images of the shear modulus of the tissue are reconstructed from the measured displacement field. This is accomplished by seeking the spatial distribution of mechanical properties that minimizes the difference between the predicted and the measured displacement fields, where the former is required to satisfy a finite element approximation to the equations of equilibrium. In the absence of force data, the shear modulus is determined only up to a multiplicative constant. In this manuscript, we address the problem of calibrating quantitative elastic modulus reconstructions created from measurements of quasi‐static deformations. We present two methods that utilize the knowledge of the applied force on a portion of the boundary. The first involves rescaling the shear modulus of the original minimization problem to best match the measured force data. This approach is easily implemented but neglects the spatial distribution of tractions. The second involves adding a force‐matching term to the original minimization problem and a change of variables wherein we seek the log of the shear modulus. We present numerical results that demonstrate the usefulness of both methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using a sparse promoting method in linear programming approximations to schedule parallel jobs
Authors: Chrétien Stéphane , Nicod Jean‐Marc , Philippe Laurent , Rehn‐Sonigo Veronika , Toch Lamiel 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we tackle the well‐known problem of scheduling a collection of parallel jobs on a set of processors either in a cluster or in a multiprocessor computer. For the makespan objective, that is, the completion time of the last job, this problem has been shown to be NP‐hard, and several heuristics have already been proposed to minimize the execution time. In this paper, we consider both rigid and moldable jobs. Our main contribution is the introduction of a new approach to the scheduling problem, based on the recent discoveries in the field of compressed sensing. In the proposed approach, all possible positions and shapes of the jobs are encoded into a matrix, and the scheduling is performed by selecting the best columns under natural constraints. Thus, the solution to the new scheduling formulation is naturally sparse, and we may use appropriate relaxations to achieve the optimization task in the quickest possible way. Among many possible relaxation strategies, we choose to minimize the ℓp‐quasi‐norm for p∈(0,1). Minimization of the ℓp‐quasi‐norm is implemented via a successive linear programming approximation heuristic. We propose several new algorithms based on this approach, and we assess their efficiency through simulations. The experiments show that the scheme outperforms the classic Largest Task First list based algorithm for scheduling small to medium instances but needs improvements to compete on larger numbers of jobs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous Re‐hyperpolarization of Nuclear Spins Using Parahydrogen: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Hövener Jan‐Bernd , Knecht Stephan , Schwaderlapp Niels , Hennig Jürgen , von Elverfeldt Dominik 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe continuous re‐hyperpolarization of nuclear spins in the liquid state by means of parahydrogen (para‐H2) and chemical exchange at low magnetic fields was recently discovered and offers intriguing perspectives for many varieties of magnetic resonance. In this contribution, we provide a theoretical assessment of this effect and compare the results to experimental data. A distinct distribution of polarization is found, which shares some features with experimental data and, interestingly, does not directly correspond to the loss of the singlet order of para‐H2. We derived expressions for the magnetic field and para‐H2–substrate interaction time, for which the polarization transfer is maximal. This work sheds light onto the effect of continuous hyperpolarization and elucidates the underlying mechanism, which may facilitate the development of an optimized catalyst. As an application, continuous hyperpolarization may enable highly sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance at very low magnetic fields, for example, for the cost‐efficient screening of drugs.
Tuning the Mechanical and Adsorption Properties of Silica with Graphene Oxide
Authors: Singh Vivek K. , Cura M. Erkin , Liu Xuwen , Johansson Leena‐Sisko , Ge Yanling , Hannula Simo‐Pekka 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSilica and graphene oxide (GO) were synthesized by modified Stöber and Hummer’s methods, respectively. Silica/GO composite powders of different compositions were obtained by introduction of GO sheets in between silica particles through a hydrothermal synthesis. Composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Density measurements were performed with a pycnometer and chemical analyses of powders were performed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Composite powders showed an improvement in the Cu2+ ion adsorption property relative to pure silica. Composite powders were further consolidated at 1200 °C under 50 MPa pressure in vacuum by pulsed electric current sintering. Transparency in the UV/Vis region, the electrical conductivity, and the toughness of consolidated samples were altered by varying the GO content in the starting materials. Studies suggest that the use of GO as a reinforcing agent not only improves the mechanical properties of transparent silica ceramic, but also improves the electrical conductivity and adsorption properties of silica.
Stratified Dipole‐Arrays Model Accounting for Bulk Properties Specific to Perfluoroalkyl Compounds
Authors: Hasegawa Takeshi , Shimoaka Takafumi , Shioya Nobutaka , Morita Kohei , Sonoyama Masashi , Takagi Toshiyuki , Kanamori Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPerfluoroalkyl compounds are known to exhibit a hydrophobic character on the surface of the material, although the CF bond has a large dipole, which should make the molecular surface polar and hydrophilic. This inconsistency has long been a chemical matter to be solved. Herein, a stratified dipole‐arrays model is proposed: the molecular polar surface can be fully hidden by forming a two‐dimensional aggregate of perfluoroalkyl (Rf) groups; this aggregate is spontaneously induced by dipole–dipole interaction arrays owing to the helical structure of the Rf group. In this model, a ‘short’ Rf group should play the role of a single Rf group with a hydrophilic character, whereas a ‘long’ Rf group should spontaneously form a hexagonal aggregate. To examine this model, Rf‐containing myristic acids with various Rf lengths have been synthesized and their aggregation properties are analyzed by using the Langmuir monolayer technique aided by precise IR spectroscopic analysis.
Heteroepitaxy of Ga2(1‑x)In2xO3 layers by MOVPE with two different oxygen sources
Authors: Baldini M. , Gogova D. , Irmscher K. , Schmidbauer M. , Wagner G. , Fornari R. 
Published: July 2014

Ga2(1‑x)In2xO3 epitaxial layers have been grown on (0001) Al2O3 substrates by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The process parameters were optimized and the effects related to the use of two alternative oxygenation sources like O2 and H2O were studied. Different In content x [x = In/(In + Ga)] were investigated in order to determine the In solubility limit in β‐Ga2O3. By using pure O2 during the growth, the In amount detected in the layers increased linearly with the flux of In precursor injected into the reactor, but the X‑ray diffraction patterns showed the presence of In2O3, in addition to β‐Ga2O3, for every In content. The second phase formation was confirmed by a double step feature placed at the absorption edge in optical transmission spectra, compatible with the presence of the two materials. With H2O as an oxygenation source, no In2O3 phase was observed up to x∼0.25. The growth of the mixed Ga2(1‐x)In2xO3 phase was confirmed by XRD spectra, wherein the β‐Ga2O3‐related peaks shifted at lower 2θ angles as expected from the substitution of Ga3+ ions with bigger In3+ ones. The variation of bandgap was confirmed by optical transmittance measurements, which showed a red shift of the absorption edge corresponding to In incorporation.
Fetal behavioral dynamics in cephalic versus breech presentations
Authors: Gonçalves Hernâni , Ayres‐de‐Campos Diogo , Bernardes João 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTDifferences in fetal neurodevelopment can have important implications on future perceptual and learning capabilities. The aim of this study was to assess autonomic nervous system and complexity dynamics in fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings from 27 singleton fetuses in cephalic or breech presentations, matched for gestational age (37+3–40+4 weeks), weight, gender and outcome. Breeches exhibited significantly higher mean FHR and LF/(MF + HF) ratio, as well as lower entropy, denoting increased sympatho‐vagal balance and decreased complexity, consistent with the occurrence of more active fetal behavioral states. These findings suggest that there are neurodevelopment differences between fetuses in cephalic and breech presentation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1595–1600, 2014.
Mmp25β facilitates elongation of sensory neurons during zebrafish development
Authors: Crawford Bryan D. , Po Michelle D. , Saranyan Pillai V. , Forsberg Daniel , Schulz Richard , Pilgrim Dave B. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large and complex family of zinc‐dependent endoproteinases widely recognized for their roles in remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) during embryonic development, wound healing, and tissue homeostasis. Their misregulation is central to many pathologies, and they have therefore been the focus of biomedical research for decades. These proteases have also recently emerged as mediators of neural development and synaptic plasticity in vertebrates, however, understanding of the mechanistic basis of these roles and the molecular identities of the MMPs involved remains far from complete. We have identified a zebrafish orthologue of mmp25 (a.k.a. leukolysin; MT6‐MMP), a membrane‐type, furin‐activated MMP associated with leukocytes and invasive carcinomas, but which we find is expressed by a subset of the sensory neurons during normal embryonic development. We detect high levels of Mmp25β expression in the trigeminal, craniofacial, and posterior lateral line ganglia in the hindbrain, and in Rohon‐Beard cells in the dorsal neural tube during the first 48 h of embryonic development. Knockdown of Mmp25β expression with morpholino oligonucleotides results in larvae that are uncoordinated and insensitive to touch, and which exhibit defects in the development of sensory neural structures. Using in vivo zymography, we observe that Mmp25β morphant embryos show reduced Type IV collagen degradation in regions of the head traversed by elongating axons emanating from the trigeminal ganglion, suggesting that Mmp25β may play a pivotal role in mediating ECM remodeling in the vicinity of these elongating axons. genesis 52:833–848, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electronic and Magnetic Properties of a Gadolinium(III) Schiff Base Complex
Authors: Upadhyay Apoorva , Das Chinmoy , Shanmugam Muralidharan , Langley Stuart K. , Murray Keith S. , Shanmugam Maheswaran 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA mononuclear GdIII Schiff base complex of formula [Gd(HL)2(NO3)3] (1), where HL = 2‐methoxy‐6‐[(E)‐phenyliminomethyl]phenol, has been isolated and its structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. 1H NMR spectroscopic data reveal the zwitterionic nature of the HL ligand upon coordination with the GdIII ion. Direct current (dc) magnetic susceptibility and X‐band EPR measurements were performed to probe the electronic and magnetic properties of complex 1. The susceptibility and magnetization data were fitted simultaneously, resulting in spin‐Hamiltonian parameters: S = 7/2, g = 2.018, and D = 0.108 cm–1. The extracted parameters are in good agreement with the values obtained by fitting the temperature‐dependent polycrystalline X‐band EPR spectra of 1 (S = 7/2, g = 2.005, and D = 0.0815 cm–1; E/D = 0.08). EPR dilution experiments performed on 1 indicates strongly that the anisotropy arises solely from the GdIII ion with undetectably small or no contribution from spin–spin exchange interactions.
Palladium Nanoparticles Stabilized by Glycodendrimers and Their Application in Catalysis
Authors: Gatard Sylvain , Salmon Lionel , Deraedt Christophe , Ruiz Jaime , Astruc Didier , Bouquillon Sandrine 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPalladium nanoparticles stabilized by glycodendrimers (PdDSNs) in water were prepared by coordination of PdII to intradendritic triazole ligands upon reaction of K2PdCl4 with the dendrimer in water followed by aqueous NaBH4 reduction to Pd0. TEM images show that the PdDSNs are small (average diameter: 2.3 nm) and relatively monodisperse owing to a low concentration of metal precursor. The catalytic activity of these PdDSNs was evaluated for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) by NaBH4 (only 0.2 mol‐% of Pd per mol substrate is used) and for the Miyaura–Suzuki C–C coupling with various substituted aryl bromides (only 0.01 mol‐% of Pd per mol substrate is used). Comparisons of the catalytic activities of these PdDSNs with those of larger PdDSNs (diameter: 14 nm) reveal that smaller NPs catalyze faster 4‐NP reduction than their larger counterparts but lack any notable surface dependency for Suzuki–Miyaura catalysis.
Control over spinal nociception as quantified by the nociceptive flexor reflex (RIII reflex) can be achieved under feedback of the RIII reflex
Authors: Ruscheweyh R. , Weinges F. , Schiffer M. , Bäumler M. , Feller M. , Krafft S. , Straube A. , Sommer J. , Marziniak M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundDescending pain modulatory systems control transmission of nociceptive information at the spinal level, and their activity can be modified by cognitive and emotional processes. Thus, it may be possible to learn using cognitive–emotional strategies to specifically target descending pathways in order to achieve pain reduction.MethodsThe present study used visual feedback of the nociceptive flexor reflex (RIII reflex) to train healthy subjects over three sessions to reduce their spinal nociception (RIII reflex size) by self‐selected cognitive–emotional strategies. The study included two feedback groups (fixed vs. random stimulation intervals) and a control group without feedback (15 subjects each).ResultsWhile all three groups successfully reduced their RIII reflexes (p < 0.01), reductions were larger in the feedback groups (p < 0.05). Success increased over training sessions in the feedback groups (p < 0.05). In the third session, RIII was reduced to 90 ± 15% of baseline in the control group, and to 72 ± 24 and 66 ± 22% in the feedback groups. Most subjects used mental imagery or relaxation to achieve RIII reduction. Pain reduction correlated with RIII reduction in the feedback groups, but was not significantly different between feedback and control groups.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that healthy subjects are able to learn using cognitive and emotional strategies to reduce their spinal nociception under feedback of their RIII reflex size. However, future studies will have to include a sham feedback group to differentiate true learning effects from expectancy effects induced by the feedback procedure.
Targeting Perfectionism in Anorexia Nervosa Using a Group‐Based Cognitive Behavioural Approach: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lloyd Samantha , Fleming Caroline , Schmidt Ulrike , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore whether a six session cognitive behavioural group intervention targeting perfectionism is efficacious in reducing perfectionism in adults with anorexia nervosa in an inpatient setting.MethodAdults with anorexia nervosa received a group perfectionism intervention in an inpatient setting. Self‐report and patient satisfaction questionnaires were completed at the beginning of the first session and end of the last session.ResultsSignificant changes of moderate effect size were observed for overall perfectionism, concern over mistakes and personal standards dimensions of perfectionism following participation in the group. These changes were found to be independent of change in body mass index.ConclusionsA group cognitive behavioural approach appears to be efficacious in reducing perfectionism in adults with anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Bisphenol a regulates the estrogen receptor alpha signaling in developing hippocampus of male rats through estrogen receptor
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Bin , He Ye , Song Chen , Ke Xin , Fan Shi‐Jun , Peng Wei‐Jie , Tan Ruei , Kawata Mitsuhiro , Matsuda Ken‐Ichi , Pan Bing‐Xing , Kato Nobumasa 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTBisphenol A (BPA), one of the most common environmental endocrine disruptors, has been recognized to have wide adverse effects on the brain development and behavior. These adversities are related to its ability to bind estrogen receptor (ER) with subsequent alteration of its expression in the target areas. However, very little is known about whether BPA exposure also affects ER phosphorylation and its translocation to nucleus during postnatal development, two critical steps for its function. Here, we found that during development from postnatal day 7 (P7) to P21, the alpha subtype of ER (ERα) in the hippocampus of male rats experienced remarkable alterations in terms of its expression, phosphorylation and translocation to nucleus. Exposure to low level of BPA had bidirectional, development‐dependent effects on the expression of ERα mRNA and protein, but decreased ERα phosphorylation and impaired its translocation to nucleus throughout the period investigated. Treatment with low dose of ICI 182,780 (ICI), an ER antagonist to block the binding of ER with BPA, reversed the altered ERα following BPA exposure, highlighting critical involvement of ER. Moreover, ICI treatment rescued the hippocampus‐dependent behavioral deficits in the adult rats experiencing early‐life BPA exposure. Overall, our results indicate that BPA interferes with the ERα signaling in the developing hippocampus in an ER‐dependent manner, which may underlie its adverse behavioral and cognitive outcomes in adult animals. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CBFβ and the Leukemogenic Fusion Protein CBFβ‐SMMHC Associate With Mitotic Chromosomes to Epigenetically Regulate Ribosomal Genes
Authors: Lopez‐Camacho Cesar , van Wijnen Andre J. , Lian Jane B. , Stein Janet L. , Stein Gary S. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTMitotic bookmarking is an epigenetic control mechanism that sustains gene expression in progeny cells; it is often found in genes related to the maintenance of cellular phenotype and growth control. RUNX transcription factors regulate a broad spectrum of RNA Polymerase (Pol II) transcribed genes important for lineage commitment but also regulate RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) driven ribosomal gene expression, thus coordinating control of cellular identity and proliferation. In this study, using fluorescence microscopy and biochemical approaches we show that the principal RUNX co‐factor, CBFβ, associates with nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) during mitosis to negatively regulate RUNX‐dependent ribosomal gene expression. Of clinical relevance, we establish for the first time that the leukemogenic fusion protein CBFβ‐SMMHC (smooth muscle myosin heavy chain) also associates with ribosomal genes in interphase chromatin and mitotic chromosomes to promote and epigenetically sustain regulation of ribosomal genes through RUNX factor interactions. Our results demonstrate that CBFβ contributes to the transcriptional regulation of ribosomal gene expression and provide further understanding of the epigenetic role of CBFβ‐SMMHC in proliferation and maintenance of the leukemic phenotype. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 2155–2164, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TGF‐β signaling regulates fibrotic expression and activity in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Gingery Anne , Yang Tai‐Hua , Passe Sandra M. , An Kai‐Nan , Zhao Chunfeng , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTFibrosis of the subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) is a predominant feature of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). While the nature of CTS has been extensively studied, little is known about the etiology of this disease. We investigated SSCT tissue from patients with CTS and control subjects using fibrosis arrays and cell culture analysis. Twofold changes in fibrotic gene expression were found in multiple genes from patient SSCT using fibrosis arrays. This data was confirmed via qRT‐PCR on a subset of genes; collagen I (Col1), collagen III (Col3), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β), and SMAD3 (P < 0.05) which significantly corroborate the fold changes found in the fibrosis arrays. To further explore the nature of SSCT fibrosis, cells were isolated from patient and control tissue. Col1, Col3, TGF‐β, and SMAD3 were highly expressed in patient SSCT fibroblasts as compared to control (P < 0.05). Further, fibrotic genes expression was decreased by inhibiting TGF‐β receptor I (TβRI) activity (P < 0.05). TGF‐β second messenger SMAD activity was significantly activated in SSCT fibroblasts from patients and this activation was abrogated by inhibiting TβRI signaling (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that blocking TGF‐β signaling may be an important therapeutic approach to treating the underlying fibrosis of SSCT in CTS patients. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1444–1450, 2014.
A Longitudinal Investigation of Changes to Social Resources Associated With Psychological Distress Among Kurdish Torture Survivors Living in Northern Iraq
Authors: Hall Brian J. , Bonanno George A. , Bolton Paul A. , Bass Judith K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSocial resources can buffer against psychological distress following potentially traumatic events. Psychological distress can also lead to social resource deterioration. This longitudinal study evaluated whether baseline psychological distress symptoms and changes in these symptoms were associated with changes in social resources 5 months later among 96 adult male (52.6%) and female treatment‐seeking torture survivors residing in Kurdistan, Iraq. Adapted versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist‐25, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, and a traumatic grief measure were used. Locally derived scales measured perceived social support, social integration, and frequency of social contact. Multinomial logistic regression models assessed the association between symptoms and loss or gain in social resources. We hypothesized that higher mental health symptoms would relate to decreased social resources. Higher baseline depression (adjusted conditional odds ratio [ACOR] = 1.14), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; ACOR = 1.09), and traumatic grief symptoms (ACOR = 1.14) increased the odds of loss of social integration. For some, higher traumatic grief symptoms were associated with increased social integration (ACOR = 1.17). Increased anxiety (ACOR = 1.23) and PTSD symptoms (ACOR = 1.07) was associated with declines in social contact; decreased depression (ACOR = 1.06) and PTSD symptoms (ACOR = 1.04) were related to gaining social contact. This study highlights the complex relationship between mental health symptoms and losses and gains in social resources among torture survivors.