bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimised observables and new physics prospects in the penguin-mediated decays Bd(s) → K(∗)0ϕ
Authors: Biswas Aritra , Descotes-Genon Sébastien , Matias Joaquim , Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi Gilberto 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the penguin-mediated $$ {\overline{B}}_{d(s)}\to {\overline{K}}^{\ast 0}\left({K}^{\ast 0}\right)\phi $$

B
¯

d

s

→

K
¯

∗
0

K

∗
0

ϕ
transitions, proposing a new optimised observable LK*ϕ from the ratio of longitudinal branching ratios of these decays, with limited hadronic uncertainties and enhanced sensitivity to New Physics. This observable exhibits a deviation at the 1.48 σ level between its experimental value and its SM determination within QCD factorisation. This result can be accommodated together with the significant deviations found for the $$ {K}^{\left(\ast \right)}{\overline{K}}^{\left(\ast \right)} $$

K

∗

K
¯

∗

modes in our earlier works if New Physics affects either the QCD penguin operator Q4 or the chromomagnetic dipole operator Q8g for both b → d and b → s transitions. The allowed range for the Wilson coefficients C4s,8gs is narrower compared to C4d,8gd since the b → s transition channel $$ {\overline{B}}_d\to {\overline{K}}^{\ast 0}\phi $$

B
¯

d

→

K
¯

∗
0

ϕ
is in better agreement with the SM. However, if we add the measured branching ratio for the $$ {\overline{B}}_d\to {\overline{K}}^0\phi $$

B
¯

d

→

K
¯

0

ϕ
to our analysis, the simultaneous explanation of all the experimental data for the $$ {K}^{\left(\ast \right)}{\overline{K}}^{\left(\ast \right)} $$

K

∗

K
¯

∗

and the $$ {K}^{\ast}\left({\overline{K}}^{\left(\ast \right)}\right)\phi $$

K
∗

K
¯

∗

ϕ
channels in terms of New Physics in the Wilson coefficients C4d,s or C8gd,s only, is not possible. This set of observables can be explained more easily if we assume New Physics in both f = d, s sectors, either in (C4f , C6f ) or (C6f , C8gf ). The addition of the branching ratios of the charged modes B− → K(∗)−ϕ to the above mix of observables results in a reduction of the parameter space for the (C4f , C6f ) scenario, while discarding the (C6f , C8gf ) scenario completely. This can be traced to the discrepancy of more than 1 σ between the experimental measurements of the branching ratios of the $$ {\overline{B}}_d\left({B}^{-}\right)\to {\overline{K}}^0\left({K}^{-}\right)\phi $$

B
¯

d

B
−

→

K
¯

0

K
−

ϕ
transitions. This should provide a strong incentive for the LHCb/Belle II experiments to measure the branching ratios of $$ {\overline{B}}_d\to {\overline{K}}^{\left(\ast \right)0}\phi $$

B
¯

d

→

K
¯

∗

0

ϕ
, $$ {\overline{B}}_s\to {K}^{\ast 0}\phi $$

B
¯

s

→

K

∗
0

ϕ
and particularly B− → K−ϕ to confirm or dismiss the conclusions hinted at by present data.
SARS-CoV2 infection in whole lung primarily targets macrophages that display subset-specific responses
Authors: Vu Manh Thien-Phong , Gouin Carla , De Wolf Julien , Jouneau Luc , Pascale Florentina , Bevilacqua Claudia , Ar Gouilh Meriadeg , Da Costa Bruno , Chevalier Christophe , Glorion Matthieu , Hannouche Laurent , Urien Céline , Estephan Jérôme , Magnan Antoine , Le Guen Morgan , Marquant Quentin , Descamps Delphyne , Dalod Marc , Schwartz-Cornil Isabelle , Sage Edouard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDeciphering the initial steps of SARS-CoV-2 infection, that influence COVID-19 outcomes, is challenging because animal models do not always reproduce human biological processes and in vitro systems do not recapitulate the histoarchitecture and cellular composition of respiratory tissues. To address this, we developed an innovative ex vivo model of whole human lung infection with SARS-CoV-2, leveraging a lung transplantation technique. Through single-cell RNA-seq, we identified that alveolar and monocyte-derived macrophages (AMs and MoMacs) were initial targets of the virus. Exposure of isolated lung AMs, MoMacs, classical monocytes and non-classical monocytes (ncMos) to SARS-CoV-2 variants revealed that while all subsets responded, MoMacs produced higher levels of inflammatory cytokines than AMs, and ncMos contributed the least. A Wuhan lineage appeared to be more potent than a D614G virus, in a dose-dependent manner. Amidst the ambiguity in the literature regarding the initial SARS-CoV-2 cell target, our study reveals that AMs and MoMacs are dominant primary entry points for the virus, and suggests that their responses may conduct subsequent injury, depending on their abundance, the viral strain and dose. Interfering on virus interaction with lung macrophages should be considered in prophylactic strategies.
Repeated exposure to novelty promotes resilience against the amyloid-beta effect through dopaminergic stimulation
Authors: Velázquez-Delgado Cintia , Hernández-Ortiz Eduardo , Landa-Navarro Lucia , Tapia-Rodríguez Miguel , Moreno-Castilla Perla , Bermúdez-Rattoni Federico 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Rationale
The accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the forebrain leads to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Studies have shown that individuals with a consistently cognitively active lifestyle are less vulnerable to Aβ toxicity. Recent research has demonstrated that intrahippocampal Aβ can impact catecholaminergic release and spatial memory. Interestingly, exposure to novelty stimuli has been found to stimulate the release of catecholamines in the hippocampus. However, it remains uncertain whether repeated enhancing catecholamine activity can effectively alleviate cognitive impairment in individuals with Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives
Our primary aim was to investigate whether repeated exposure to novelty could enable cognitive resilience against Aβ. This protection could be achieved by modulating catecholaminergic activity within the hippocampus.

Methods
To investigate this hypothesis, we subjected mice to three different conditions—standard housing (SH), repeated novelty (Nov), or daily social interaction (Soc) for one month. We then infused saline solution (SS) or Aβ (Aβ1-42) oligomers intrahippocampally and measured spatial memory retrieval in a Morris Water Maze (MWM). Stereological analysis and extracellular baseline dopamine levels using in vivo microdialysis were assessed in independent groups of mice.

Results
The mice that received Aβ1-42 intrahippocampal infusions and remained in SH or Soc conditions showed impaired spatial memory retrieval. In contrast, animals subjected to the Nov protocol demonstrated remarkable resilience, showing strong spatial memory expression even after Aβ1-42 intrahippocampal infusion. The stereological analysis indicated that the Aβ1-42 infusion reduced the tyrosine hydroxylase axonal length in SH or Soc mice compared to the Nov group. Accordingly, the hippocampal extracellular dopamine levels increased significantly in the Nov groups.

Conclusions
These compelling results demonstrate the potential for repeated novelty exposure to strengthen the dopaminergic system and mitigate the toxic effects of Aβ1-42. They also highlight new and promising therapeutic avenues for treating and preventing AD, especially in its early stages.
Investigating the quality of extraction and quantification of bioactive compounds in berries through liquid chromatography and multivariate curve resolution
Authors: Gondo Thamani Freedom , Huang Fang , Marungruang Nittaya , Heyman-Lindén Lovisa , Turner Charlotta 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBerries are a rich source of natural antioxidant compounds, which are essential to profile, as they add to their nutritional value. However, the complexity of the matrix and the structural diversity of these compounds pose challenges in extraction and chromatographic separation. By relying on multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) ability to extract components from complex spectral mixtures, our study evaluates the contributions of various extraction techniques to interference, extractability, and quantifying different groups of overlapping compounds using liquid chromatography diode array detection (LC-DAD) data. Additionally, the combination of these methods extends its applicability to evaluate polyphenol degradation in stored berry smoothies, where evolving factor analysis (EFA) is also used to elucidate degradation products. Results indicate that among the extraction techniques, ultrasonication-assisted extraction employing 1% formic acid in methanol demonstrated superior extractability and selectivity for the different phenolic compound groups, compared with both pressurized liquid extraction and centrifugation of the fresh berry smoothie. Employing MCR-ALS on the LC-DAD data enabled reliable estimation of total amounts of compound classes with high spectral overlaps. Degradation studies revealed significant temperature-dependent effects on anthocyanins, with at least 50% degradation after 7 months of storage at room temperature, while refrigeration and freezing maintained fair stability for at least 12 months. The EFA model estimated phenolic derivatives as the main possible degradation products. These findings enhance the reliability of quantifying polyphenolic compounds and understanding their stability during the storage of berry products.
Graphical abstract
Implantierbare intravitreale Kortikosteroide bei chronischer nichtinfektiöser Uveitis
Authors: Kessler L. J. , Albrecht M. , Naujokaitis T. , Auffarth G. , Khoramnia Ramin 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Uveitis führt in Industrienationen in 10–15 % der Fälle zur Erblindung. Die Prävalenz variiert je nach Literatur von 9 bis 730 Fällen pro 100.000 Einwohner. Lokale und systemische Steroidanwendungen stellen neben Therapien mit Immunmodulatoren die Hauptbehandlungsoptionen dar. Bei chronischer und refraktärer Uveitis, aber insbesondere auch bei Manifestation eines uveitischen Makulaödems können intravitreale Kortikosteroide dazu beitragen, dass die systemische immunmodulative Therapie mit krankheitsmodifizierenden antirheumatischen Medikamenten („disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs“ [DMARDS]), Biologika oder Kortikosteroiden reduziert oder ersetzt wird.

Ziel der Arbeit
In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die 3 gängigen, injizierbaren, intravitrealen Kortikosteroidimplantate, die zur Behandlung der nichtinfektiösen Uveitis eingesetzt werden, vorgestellt. Die Indikation, Effektivität und das Nebenwirkungsprofil werden im Rahmen einer Darstellung der aktuellen Literatur erörtert. Es wurden 6 randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien zu FAc- und DEX-Implantaten mit > 100 Studienpatienten sowie eine Subgruppenanalyse aus einer multizentrischen, randomisierten kontrollierten Studie mit 315 Patienten gefunden und ihre Ergebnisse dargestellt.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Effektivität und das Sicherheitsprofil von intravitrealen Kortikosteroiden bei uveitischem Makulaödem wurden in den vergangenen Jahren in mehreren Studien untersucht und mit bestehenden Therapieformen, wie z. B. systemischer Therapie, verglichen. Durch lang wirksame Kortikosteroidimplantate lässt sich das rezidivfreie Intervall verlängern, und die Anzahl der Rezidive wird reduziert. Kurz wirksame Kortikosteroid(KS)-Implantate können auch während eines Schubes eingesetzt werden. Das KS-typische Nebenwirkungsprofil ist in der Regel beherrschbar, sollte jedoch v. a. bei phaken und/oder jungen Patienten berücksichtigt und ausführlich besprochen werden (z. B. die vorzeitige Entwicklung einer Linsentrübung), da in der Regel eine längerfristige Therapie nötig ist.
Rapid complete blood count and C-reactive protein determination with the Horiba Microsemi analyzer: the experience in neonatal intensive care unit of Careggi University Hospital
Authors: Nencini Francesca , Bonari Alessandro , Romano Francesca , Ciullini Mannurita Sara , Mongia Alessandra , Garieri Maria , Dani Carlo , Manzo Orazio , Pontieri Maria , Fanelli Alessandra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicrosystems represent an alternative but proficient approach of analysis outside the laboratory, and their use could help in reducing the impact of pre-analytical errors, in particular in challenging newborn samples. The study purpose is to compare the Horiba Microsemi CRP LC-767G system for rapid 3-part complete blood count (CBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) determination with the laboratory reference systems (respectively Sysmex XN-9100™ and Roche Cobas® c702) in samples of adult patients and newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) samples. The comparison between the analyzers was performed through Passing-Bablok regression analysis and Bland–Altman plot. One hundred eighty-three blood samples were analyzed. The regression analysis results, performed in the newborn (n = 70) and in adult (n = 113) populations, showed a good agreement between the instruments. The evaluation of the Bland–Altman plots showed comparable values of bias < 10% for most of the parameters, but not for MPV, lymphocyte, and monocyte count. Conclusion: The comparison between the Microsemi CRP LC-767G system and the laboratory instrumentations demonstrated comparable results. The Microsemi CRP LC-767G system provides reliable analytical data and faster turnaround time, particularly useful in NICU.

What is Known:• Microsystems for point-of-care testing (POCT) represent an alternative but proficient approach of analysis outside the laboratory, in order to perform a rapid, safe, and exhaustive evaluation for critical patients’ management, acting as a valid support for treatment in acute care.

What is New:• The Microsemi CRP LC-767G system can represent an alternative but effective testing approach outside the laboratory, particularly in NICU, to reduce the impact of pre-analytical errors on newborn samples.
Barriers to the adoption of routine surgical video recording: a mixed-methods qualitative study of a real-world implementation of a video recording platform
Authors: Lam Kyle , Simister Catherine , Yiu Andrew , Kinross James M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Routine surgical video recording has multiple benefits. Video acts as an objective record of the operative record, allows video-based coaching and is integral to the development of digital technologies. Despite these benefits, adoption is not widespread. To date, only questionnaire studies have explored this failure in adoption. This study aims to determine the barriers and provide recommendations for the implementation of routine surgical video recording.

Materials and methods
A pre- and post-pilot questionnaire surrounding a real-world implementation of a C-SATS©, an educational recording and surgical analytics platform, was conducted in a university teaching hospital trust. Usage metrics from the pilot study and descriptive analyses of questionnaire responses were used with the non-adoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, sustainability (NASSS) framework to create topic guides for semi-structured interviews. Transcripts of interviews were evaluated in an inductive thematic analysis.

Results
Engagement with the C-SATS© platform failed to reach consistent levels with only 57 videos uploaded. Three attending surgeons, four surgical residents, one scrub nurse, three patients, one lawyer, and one industry representative were interviewed, all of which perceived value in recording. Barriers of ‘change,’ ‘resource,’ and ‘governance,’ were identified as the main themes. Resistance was centred on patient misinterpretation of videos. Participants believed availability of infrastructure would facilitate adoption but integration into surgical workflow is required. Regulatory uncertainty was centred around anonymity and data ownership.

Conclusion
Barriers to the adoption of routine surgical video recording exist beyond technological barriers alone. Priorities for implementation include integration recording into the patient record, engaging all stakeholders to ensure buy-in, and formalising consent processes to establish patient trust.
Deep dive into RNA: a systematic literature review on RNA structure prediction using machine learning methods
Authors: Budnik Michał , Wawrzyniak Jakub , Grala Łukasz , Kadziński Miłosz , Szóstak Natalia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has expanded our comprehension of RNAs’ inherent nature and capabilities. The intricate three-dimensional structures assumed by RNAs dictate their specific functions and molecular interactions. However, the limited number of mapped structures, partly due to experimental constraints of methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), highlights the importance of in silico prediction solutions. This is particularly crucial in potential applications in therapeutic drug discovery. In this context, machine learning (ML) methods have emerged as prominent candidates, having previously demonstrated prowess in solving complex challenges across various domains. This review focuses on analyzing the development of ML-based solutions for RNA structure prediction, specifically oriented toward recent advancements in the deep learning (DL) domain. A systematic analysis of 33 works reveals insights into the representation of RNA structures, secondary structure motifs, and tertiary interactions. The review highlights current trends in ML methods used for RNA structure prediction, demonstrates the growing research involvement in this field, and summarizes the most valuable findings.
Enhanced capacity of thiol-functionalized sugarcane bagasse and rice husk biochars for arsenite sorption in aqueous solutions
Authors: Masood ul Hasan Israr , Niazi Nabeel Khan , Bibi Irshad , Younas Fazila , Al-Misned Fahad , Shakoor Muhammad Bilal , Ali Fawad , Ilyas Shazia , Hussain Muhammad Mahroz , Qiao Jinli , Lüttge Andreas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe utilization of biowastes for producing biochar to remove potentially toxic elements from water represents an important pathway for aquatic ecosystem decontamination. Here we explored the significance of thiol-functionalization on sugarcane bagasse biochar (Th/SCB–BC) and rice husk biochar (Th/RH–BC) to enhance arsenite (As(III)) removal capacity from water and compared their efficiency with both pristine biochars (SCB–BC and RH–BC). The maximum As(III) sorption was found on Th/SCB–BC and Th/RH–BC (2.88 and 2.51 mg g−1, respectively) compared to the SCB–BC and RH–BC (1.51 and 1.40 mg g−1). Relatively, a greater percentage of As(III) removal was obtained with Th/SCB–BC and Th/RH–BC (92% and 83%, respectively) at a pH 7 compared to pristine SCB–BC and RH–BC (65% and 55%) at 6 mg L−1 initial As(III) concentration, 2 h contact time and 1 g L−1 sorbent dose. Langmuir (R2 = 0.99) isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.99) models provided the best fits to As(III) sorption data. Desorption experiments indicated that the regeneration ability of biochars decreased and it was in the order of Th/SCB–BC (88%) > Th/RH–BC (82%) > SCB–BC (77%) > RH–BC (69%) up to three sorption–desorption cycles. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrated that the thiol (-S–H) functional groups were successfully grafted on the surface of two biochars and as such contributed to enhance As(III) removal from water. Spectroscopic data indicated that the surface functional moieties, such as -S–H, − OH, − COOH, and C = O were involved to increase As(III) sorption on thiol-functionalized biochars. This study highlights that thiol-grafting on both biochars, notably on SCB–BC, enhanced their ability to remove As(III) from water, which can be used as an effective technique for the treatment of As from drinking water.
Graphical Abstract
Maternal exposure to bioclimatic stress and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Western Australia: identifying potential critical windows of susceptibility
Authors: Gebremedhin Amanuel T. , Nyadanu Sylvester Dodzi , Hanigan Ivan C. , Pereira Gavin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe anthropogenic climate change may impact pregnancy outcomes. Rather than ambient temperature, we aimed to use a composite bioclimatic metric (Universal Thermal Climate Index, UTCI) to identify critical susceptible windows for the associations between bioclimatic exposure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) risk. Daily UTCI exposure from 12 weeks of preconception through pregnancy was linked to 415,091 singleton pregnancies between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2015 in Western Australia. Adjusted weekly-specific and cumulative odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were estimated with distributed lag non-linear and standard non-linear logistic regressions. Exposures from early pregnancy to week 30 were associated with greater odds of HDPs with critical susceptible windows, particularly elevated at the 1st (10.2 °C) and 99th (26.0 °C) exposure centiles as compared to the median (14.2 °C). The most elevated ORs were 1.07 (95% CI 1.06, 1.08) in weeks 8–18 for gestational hypertension and 1.10 (95% CI 1.08, 1.11) in weeks 11–16 for preeclampsia for the 99th exposure centile. Cumulative exposures associated with HDPs with relatively higher but less precise ORs. The effects of high exposure to HDPs indicated sociodemographic inequalities. The identified critical periods and subpopulations could benefit from climate-related interventions.
Single-Cell Cortical Transcriptomics Reveals Common and Distinct Changes in Cell-Cell Communication in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Le Bars Sophie , Glaab Enrico 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) cause significant neuronal loss and severely impair daily living. Despite different clinical manifestations, these disorders share common pathological molecular hallmarks, including mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic degeneration. A detailed comparison of molecular changes at single-cell resolution in the cortex, as one of the main brain regions affected in both disorders, may reveal common susceptibility factors and disease mechanisms. We performed single-cell transcriptomic analyses of post-mortem cortical tissue from AD and PD subjects and controls to identify common and distinct disease-associated changes in individual genes, cellular pathways, molecular networks, and cell-cell communication events, and to investigate common mechanisms. The results revealed significant disease-specific, shared, and opposing gene expression changes, including cell type-specific signatures for both diseases. Hypoxia signaling and lipid metabolism emerged as significantly modulated cellular processes in both AD and PD, with contrasting expression alterations between the two diseases. Furthermore, both pathway and cell-cell communication analyses highlighted shared significant alterations involving the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which has been implicated in the inflammatory response in several neurodegenerative disorders. Overall, the analyses revealed common and distinct alterations in gene signatures, pathway activities, and gene regulatory subnetworks in AD and PD. The results provide insights into coordinated changes in pathway activity and cell-cell communication that may guide future diagnostics and therapeutics.