bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple notches design for ultra‐wideband monopole antennas with coplanar‐waveguide‐coupled‐fed
Authors: Zhang J. , Cheung S. W. , Liu L. , Yuk T. I. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this article, the design of a ultra‐wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with coplanar‐waveguide (CPW)‐coupled‐fed is presented. The antenna is composed of a trapezium patch with a CPW‐fed printed on one side of the substrate and an elliptical radiator on the other side. By simply cutting slits on the radiation patch, a single, dual, and triple band notched characteristics can be achieved. Parametric studies on the antenna and slits are carried out by computer simulation. Results show that the notch frequencies can be set by using dimensions of the slits. The antennas are designed and optimized using computer simulation. For verification, the antennas with single and dual band‐notched characteristics are fabricated and measured. The simulated and measured results on the return loss, radiation pattern, peak gain, and efficiency of the antenna are presented. Due to the small ground‐plane size of the antenna, the feeding cable used in the measurement equipment significantly affects the measured results and leads to large discrepancies between the simulated and measured results at low frequencies. To study this, the simulation model of the feeding cable is also used in simulation and results show that the discrepancies are substantially reduced. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1017–1027, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27530
In vivo maps of extracellular pH in murine melanoma by CEST–MRI
Authors: Delli Castelli D , Ferrauto Giuseppe , Cutrin Juan Carlos , Terreno Enzo , Aime Silvio 
Published: March 2013

PurposeA novel method based on the use of Yb‐HPDO3A as MRI Para‐CEST agent for in vivo pH mapping of the tumor region in a melanoma murine model is reported. This method does not require the knowledge of the concentration of the imaging agent.MethodsC57BL/6‐mice were inoculated with B16‐F10 cells. CEST–MR images of tumor and bladder were acquired upon the i.v. administration of Yb‐HPDO3A (1.2 mmol/Kg). pH was assessed by the use of a ratiometric method.ResultsYb‐HPDO3A distributes well in the extracellular space of the tumor allowing the detection of good levels of saturation transfer (ST). It is excreted throughout kidneys and accumulated in the bladder thus yielding a strong CEST signal from urine. By comparing the ST% obtained upon selective irradiation of the two OH resonances belonging to the two isomeric forms of Yb‐HPDO3A, it has been possible to measure the extracellular pH for each voxel (0.22 mm3). The obtained pH‐maps of tumors show a great heterogeneity. Marked differences are associated to tumor staging.ConclusionThe application of Yb‐HPDO3A to measure extracellular tumor pH provides a good spatio‐temporal resolution and it does not require the prior knowledge of the contrast agent concentration. The herein reported data support the potential clinical translation of Yb‐HPDO3A. Magn Reson Med 71:326–332, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A conservative compact difference scheme for the coupled Klein–Gordon–Schrödinger equation
Authors: Sun Qihang , Zhang Luming , Wang Shanshan , Hu Xiuling 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this article, a conservative compact difference scheme is presented for the periodic initial‐value problem of Klein–Gordon–Schrödinger equation. On the basis of some inequalities about norms and the priori estimates, convergence of the difference solution is proved with order O(h4 +τ 2) in maximum norm. Numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the compact scheme. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Simple numerical method to study traveling‐wave solutions of a diffusive problem with nonlinear advection and reaction
Authors: Macias‐Diaz Jorge , Villa J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this manuscript, we propose a simple, two‐step, finite‐difference scheme to approximate the solutions of an advective Fisher's equation. The method proposed is nonlinear, explicit and, in the linear regime, it approximates the solutions of the equation of interest with a consistency of first order in time and second order in space. We prove that the technique is capable of preserving the positive, the bounded, and the temporally and spatially monotone characters of initial approximations; moreover, we establish that the method is conditionally stable under suitable constraints on the model and numerical parameters. Some simulations are provided to evince the validity of our analytical results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
Non‐invasive prenatal testing with cell‐free DNA: US physician attitudes toward implementation in clinical practice
Authors: Musci Thomas J. , Fairbrother Genevieve , Batey Annette , Bruursema Jennifer , Struble Craig , Song Ken 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess awareness, potential adoption, and current utilization of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) analysis for common fetal aneuploidies among obstetricians.MethodsA 36‐item web‐based survey was designed to assess the current practice of fetal aneuploidy screening and knowledge and utilization of NIPT for fetal trisomy. Practicing obstetricians in the United States were invited via email to participate in the survey.ResultsOf the 101 obstetricians that completed the survey (27% academic‐based, 73% private practice), 97% offer screening to high‐risk patients and 91% offer screening to average‐risk patients. With regard to current screening tests, the top three advantages were as follows: recommendation by professional societies, no risk to the pregnancy, and long history/experience with the test, whereas the top three limitations were as follows: patient anxiety, risks of follow‐up invasive testing, and high false positives. NIPT had been used by 32% of respondents and 22% were familiar with NIPT and the associated clinical data. The majority of physicians predicted that they would offer NIPT to high‐risk women (86.1%) and average‐risk women (76.2%) within 12 months.ConclusionObstetricians plan to increase their utilization of NIPT and expect that the majority of both high‐risk and average‐risk patients will be offered NIPT as an option. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, characterization, and properties of polyacrylonitrile–silica gel anion exchange composite fibers
Authors: Khan Asif Ali , Baig Umair 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article reports the preparation of new anion exchange composite fibers (AECFs). These AECFs were prepared by simple stirring of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and silica gel in different stoichiometric ratios. The physicochemical characterization of the prepared AECFs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, differential thermal analysis, and differential thermal gravimetry), and elemental analysis (CHNS/O). Ion‐exchange behavior was also observed. The results indicate that addition of silica gel affects the structure and properties of the composite fibers. The addition of silica gel also changes the thermal stability of PAN–silica gel AECFs. The ion‐exchange capacity of the resulting AECFs was found to be 1.98 mequiv/g. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Ensemble‐based characterization of unbound and bound states on protein energy landscape
Authors: Ruvinsky Anatoly M. , Kirys Tatsiana , Tuzikov Alexander V. , Vakser Ilya A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPhysicochemical description of numerous cell processes is fundamentally based on the energy landscapes of protein molecules involved. Although the whole energy landscape is difficult to reconstruct, increased attention to particular targets has provided enough structures for mapping functionally important subspaces associated with the unbound and bound protein structures. The subspace mapping produces a discrete representation of the landscape, further called energy spectrum. We compiled and characterized ensembles of bound and unbound conformations of six small proteins and explored their spectra in implicit solvent. First, the analysis of the unbound‐to‐bound changes points to conformational selection as the binding mechanism for four proteins. Second, results show that bound and unbound spectra often significantly overlap. Moreover, the larger the overlap the smaller the root mean square deviation (RMSD) between the bound and unbound conformational ensembles. Third, the center of the unbound spectrum has a higher energy than the center of the corresponding bound spectrum of the dimeric and multimeric states for most of the proteins. This suggests that the unbound states often have larger entropy than the bound states. Fourth, the exhaustively long minimization, making small intrarotamer adjustments (all‐atom RMSD ≤ 0.7 Å), dramatically reduces the distance between the centers of the bound and unbound spectra as well as the spectra extent. It condenses unbound and bound energy levels into a thin layer at the bottom of the energy landscape with the energy spacing that varies between 0.8–4.6 and 3.5–10.5 kcal/mol for the unbound and bound states correspondingly. Finally, the analysis of protein energy fluctuations showed that protein vibrations itself can excite the interstate transitions, including the unbound‐to‐bound ones.
Towards a Global Agenda on Migration and Development? Evidence from Senegal
Authors: Kabbanji Lama 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe migration‐development nexus has been of increasing importance in international relations between African and European countries since 2000. Linking migration to development has spurred political interest in the development potential of migrants as a substitute for official development assistance. This paper analyses the convergence in discourse and practices on migration and development in the context of migration policies formulated to manage migration between Africa and Europe. The discourse on migration and development is mobilised by different actors to justify their actions; it stems from different migration management concepts and frameworks advocated by the European Union, particularly in its Global Approach to Migration. The migration and development discourse is sustained by increased funding from the European Union and some member states to instil a particular view of the nexus between migration and development. The case of Senegal in this paper illustrates the application of the dominant discourse. The first section provides an analysis of the discourse mobilised by different actors at the European and African levels to justify the promotion of the migration‐development nexus. The second section scrutinises the practices and roles of the actors involved in the design and implementation of recent programmes in Senegal. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating Remediation and Reuse to Achieve Whole‐System Sustainability Benefits
Authors: Holland Karin , Karnis Stella , Kasner Dennis A. , Butler Paul Brandt , Hadley Paul W. , Nathanail Paul , Ryan John , Smith L. Maile , Wice Rick 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis perspective article was prepared by members of the Sustainable Remediation Forum (SURF), a professional nonprofit organization seeking to advance the state of sustainable remediation within the broader context of sustainable site reuse. SURF recognizes that remediation and site reuse, including redevelopment activities, are intrinsically linked—even when remediation is subordinate to or sometimes a precursor of reuse. Although the end of the remediation life cycle has traditionally served as the beginning of the site's next life cycle, a disconnect between these two processes remains. SURF recommends a holistic approach that brings together remediation and reuse on a collaborative parallel path and seeks to achieve whole‐system sustainability benefits. This article explores the value of integrating remediation into the reuse process to fully exploit synergies and minimize the costs and environmental impacts associated with bringing land back into beneficial use. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creosote DNAPL Recovery‐Well Design for Mass Removal
Authors: Coll Frederic R. , Paschl Kurt P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSites with dense nonaqueous‐phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination present significant remediation challenges in terms of technical practicability and cost. Remedial approaches to DNAPL sites often follow a management approach rather than removal or eradication approaches, particularly due to the uncertainties associated with the benefits of partial source mass removal, as complete source removal is unlikely. Mass‐removal technologies should be evaluated for all DNAPL sites, although implementation of recovery technologies will be limited to a few sites based upon site‐specific factors. Sitewide remedial strategies that employ source reduction, where applicable, and incorporate associated risk‐reduction technologies, including monitored natural attenuation, are advised. Creosote DNAPL sites are particularly challenging, as they are predominantly composed of low‐solubility polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that form long‐term continuing sources. Additionally, the physical properties of creosote DNAPL, including high viscosity and relatively low density, result in significant migration potential and considerable dissolved‐phase groundwater impacts. An innovative creosote DNAPL source recovery well design was developed to achieve separate‐phase removal of pooled creosote DNAPL. The design presented herein employs modified circulation‐well technology to mobilize DNAPL to the engineered recovery well, where it is gravity‐settled into a sump to permit separate‐phase mass removal of the emplaced DNAPL source without groundwater production or treatment. A discharge mass flux protocol was developed to verify dissolved‐phase plume stability and the benefit of the source mass removal. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrating Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Environmental Cleanup Activities at CERCLA and RCRA Sites
Authors: Duchesne Matthew S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAlthough the release or threatened release of hazardous substances into the environment often creates liability for both cleanup costs and natural resource damages liability, the process of planning and conducting cleanup and the process of assessing natural resource damages are most often conducted separately. However, the substantial similarities between the two processes often present opportunities to integrate significant steps in each. Such integration has the potential to reduce both the cost of measuring and, often, resolving the full range of environmental claims at a given cleanup site and the time it takes to do so. It can also lead to faster restoration of injured natural resources and the services they provide to the public and the environment. One key reason for the lack of integration is the fact that cleanup managers generally know little if anything about the natural resource damage assessment process, while the public officials authorized to assess damages to natural resources know little about the cleanup process. This article identifies the similarities between the cleanup and natural resource damage assessment processes and provides guidance on when and how to integrate the two. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Matrix Diffusion Modeling Applied to Long‐Term Pump‐and‐Treat Data: 1. Method Development
Authors: McDade James M. , Kulkarni Poonam R. , Seyedabbasi M. Ahmad , Newell Charles J. , Gandhi Deepa , Gallinatti John D. , Cocianni Virgilio , Ferguson Du'Bois J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDespite the installation in the 1980s and 1990s of hydraulic containment systems around known source zones (four slurry walls and ten pump‐and‐treat systems), trichloroethene (TCE) plumes persist in the three uppermost groundwater‐bearing units at the Middlefield‐Ellis‐Whisman (MEW) Superfund Study Area in Mountain View, California. In analyzing TCE data from 15 recovery wells, the observed TCE mass discharge decreased less than an order of magnitude over a 10‐year period despite the removal of an average of 11 pore volumes of affected groundwater. Two groundwater models were applied to long‐term groundwater pump‐and‐treat data from 15 recovery wells to determine if matrix diffusion could explain the long‐term persistence of a TCE plume. The first model assumed that TCE concentrations in the plume are controlled only by advection, dispersion, and retardation (ADR model). The second model used a one‐dimensional diffusion equation in contact with two low‐permeability zones (i.e., upper and lower aquitard) to estimate the potential effects of matrix diffusion of TCE into and out of low‐permeability media in the plume. In all 15 wells, the matrix diffusion model fit the data much better than the ADR model (normalized root mean square error of 0.17 vs. 0.29; r2 of 0.99 vs. 0.19), indicating that matrix diffusion is a likely contributing factor to the persistence of the TCE plume in the non‐source‐capture zones of the MEW Study Area's groundwater‐extraction wells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anti‐Government Is Not the Solution to the Problem—Anti‐Government Is the Problem: The Role of Ideology in Presidential Response to Natural Disasters From San Francisco to Katrina
Authors: Skidmore Max J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article examines the varied national responses to selected disasters. Rather than attempting to provide a rating of presidents or to duplicate previous studies, it identifies political ideology as an element in response effectiveness. Presidents who perform more effectively tend to be those who are inclined toward activism, who accept an active role for government, who understand the implications of a given situation, and who learn from the experiences of their predecessors.
Nitrative Stress Causes Nitration, Oxidation, and Subunit Cross Linking in Human Hemoglobin
Authors: Barbieri Marica , Roncone Raffaella , Gabbini Roberta , Nicolis Stefania , Monzani Enrico , Galliano Monica , Casella Luigi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHemoglobin (Hb) is the most abundant protein in human blood and we showed that under oxidative/nitrative stress conditions it is susceptible to cysteine oxidation, tyrosine nitration, and formation of a dimer of Hb subunits through tyrosine linkage. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, Hb and its subunits efficiently convert nitrite into reactive nitrogen species, through reactions that are typical of peroxidases. If an exogenous phenolic substrate is present, Hb promotes its nitration with a fivefold higher efficiency with respect to the peroxidase‐like phenol coupling reaction. In the absence of an exogenous substrate, the protein itself undergoes covalent modification. Trypsin treatment of Hb modified under conditions mimicking pathophysiological conditions, followed byHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis, allowed detection of nitration of Yα24, Yα42, Yβ130 and Yβ145, and conversion of Cα104, Cβ93 and Cβ112 into cysteine sulfinic acids. As additional biomarkers of nitrative stress, we found a covalent dimer of Hb αβ subunits and covalently linked heme‐peptide. The dimer is selectively nitrated at Yα42. In a preliminary analysis of samples of human blood we found that low amounts of the dimer of subunits are always present. Therefore, if a correlation between the extent of Hb subunits coupling and pathological states could be established, this dimer could become an easily detectable biomarker of pathological conditions.
Freudenthal Gauge Theory
Authors: Marrani Alessio , Qiu Cong-Xin , Shih Sheng-Yu Darren , Tagliaferro Anthony , Zumino Bruno 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe present a novel gauge field theory, based on theFreudenthal Triple System(FTS), a ternary algebra with mixed symmetry (not completely symmetric) structure constants. The theory, namedFreudenthal Gauge Theory(FGT), is invariant under two (off-shell) symmetries: the gauge Lie algebra constructed from theFTStriple product and a novelglobalnon-polynomial symmetry, the so-calledFreudenthal duality.Interestingly, a broad class ofFGTgauge algebras is provided by the Lie algebras “of type$ {{\mathfrak{e}}_7} $” which occur as conformal symmetries of Euclidean Jordan algebras of rank 3, and asU-duality algebras of the corresponding (super)gravity theories inD= 4.We prove aNo-Go Theorem, stating the incompatibility of the invariance underFreudenthal dualityand the coupling to space-time vectorand/orspinor fields, thus forbidding non-trivial supersymmetric extensions ofFGT.We also briefly discuss the relation betweenFTSand the triple systems occurring in BLG-type theories, in particular focusing on superconformal Chern-Simons-matter gauge theories inD= 3.
Selection‐delayed population dynamics in baleen whales and beyond
Authors: Witting Lars 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWhile it is known that population cycles are driven by delayed density‐dependent feedbacks, the search for a common feedback mechanism in natural populations with cyclic dynamics has remained unresolved for almost a century. To identify the existence and cause of delayed feedbacks I apply six age‐ and sex‐structured population dynamics models to seven species of baleen whales (suborderMysticeti) that were heavily depleted by past commercial whaling. The six models include a predator–prey model with killer whale (Orcinus orca) as the predator, and five singe‐species models based on (1) exponential growth, (2) density‐regulated growth, (3) density‐regulated growth with depensation, (4) delayed density‐regulated growth and (5) selection‐delayed dynamics. The latter model has a density‐regulated growth rate that is accelerated and decelerated by the intra‐specific natural selection that arises from the density‐dependent competitive interactions between the individuals in the population. Essential parameters are estimated by a Bayesian statistical framework, and it is shown that baleen whales have a delayed recovery relative to density‐regulated growth. The time‐lag is not explained by depensation, or by interactions with prey or predators. It is instead resolved by a selection‐delayed acceleration of the intrinsic growth rate. The results are discussed in relation to the literature on cyclic dynamics, and it is noted (1) that selection‐delayed dynamics is both theoretically and empirically sufficient for cyclic population dynamics, (2) that it is widespread in natural populations owing to the widespread occurrence of otherwise unexplained phenotypic cycles in populations with cyclic dynamics, and (3) that there is a lack of empirical evidence showing that predator–prey interactions is a sufficient cause for the cyclic dynamics of natural populations. The conclusion stresses the importance of intra‐specific delays in cyclic dynamics, and suggests that it is the acceleration of the growth rate, and not the growth rate itself, that is determined by the density‐dependent environment.