bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Learning: Understanding the Role of Executive Functions in Children's Belief Revision Using Bayesian Models
Authors: Colantonio Joseph A. , Bascandziev Igor , Theobald Maria , Brod Garvin , Bonawitz Elizabeth 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent studies suggest that learners who are asked to predict the outcome of an event learn more than learners who are asked to evaluate it retrospectively or not at all. One possible explanation for this “prediction boost” is that it helps learners engage metacognitive reasoning skills that may not be spontaneously leveraged, especially for individuals with still‐developing executive functions. In this paper, we combined multiple analytic approaches to investigate the potential role of executive functions in elementary school‐aged children's science learning. We performed an experiment that investigates children's science learning during a water displacement task where a “prediction boost” had previously been observed—children either made an explicit prediction or evaluated an event post hoc (i.e., postdiction). We then considered the relation of executive function measures and learning, which were collected following the main experiment. Via mixed effects regression models, we found that stronger executive function skills (i.e., stronger inhibition and switching scores) were associated with higher accuracy in Postdiction but not in the Prediction Condition. Using a theory‐based Bayesian model, we simulated children's individual performance on the learning task (capturing “belief flexibility”), and compared this “flexibility” to the other measures to understand the relationship between belief revision, executive function, and prediction. Children in the Prediction Condition showed near‐ceiling “belief flexibility” scores, which were significantly higher than among children in the Postdiction Condition. We also found a significant correlation between children's executive function measures to our “belief flexibility” parameter, but only for children in the Postdiction Condition. These results indicate that when children provided responses post hoc, they may have required stronger executive function capacities to navigate the learning task. Additionally, these results suggest that the “prediction boost” in children's science learning could be explained by increased metacognitive flexibility in the belief revision process.
Quantitative Measurements in the Exhaust Flow of A Rotating Detonation Combustor Using Rainbow Schlieren Deflectometry
Authors: Gupta Apurav , Miller Robert , Bell Kayla , Langner Dalton , Agrawal Ajay K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study employs rainbow schlieren deflectometry (RSD) to characterize the unsteady, supersonic/subsonic exhaust plume of a rotating detonation combustor (RDC). First, RSD images are analyzed to quantify the frequency and strength of flow oscillations and their relationship to the detonation wave. Secondly, a three-dimensional (3D) tomographic algorithm is used to obtain the local 3D density field across the whole region of interest (ROI). The tomographic analysis relies upon wave rotation to infer projection data of the 3D exhaust plume at multiple view angles using a single RSD camera system and was previously validated using phantom data from computational fluid dynamics analysis of an RDC. The annular RDC operated on methane and 2/3 O2–1/3 N2 oxidizer mixture is equipped with a converging nozzle to pressurize the combustion chamber. The product flow exiting the nozzle throat expands across an unoptimized conical aerospike attached to the center body of the RDC. RSD images provide a temporal resolution of 369 ns and spatial resolution of 100 μm in a 6.4 mm high and 25.6 mm wide ROI of the exhaust plume. A rainbow filter is calibrated to convert hue in color schlieren images into deflection angle data. These data are used to characterize the unsteady flow oscillations that show excellent agreement with PCB pressure probe measurements acquired inside the combustion chamber. Tomographic analysis yields a 3D local density field that shows distinct features, consistent with published numerical simulations of the RDC exhaust plume. For the first time, this work demonstrates the ability of high-speed nonintrusive RSD diagnostics to acquire whole-field density measurements in an operational RDC. Such data would be valuable to validate high-fidelity numerical simulations and gain a further understanding of the exhaust flow to help with RDC-turbine integration. Further improvements to the RSD hardware and analysis procedures would enhance present capabilities to ultimately infer other thermodynamic properties such as temperature and pressure from density measurements.
An Optimization Method for Stiffness and Damping Mistuning Identification From Blade Tip Timing Data
Authors: Krizak Troy , Kurstak Eric , D'Souza Kiran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
System identification of dynamic properties is of large interest in the turbomachinery industry to create more accurate computational models and more effective designs. Previous identification techniques are able to accurately capture the blade variability, known as mistuning, in the stiffness as well as the average damping of all the blades. Mistuning is vital to accurately identify and study because the symmetry of the system is broken and can lead to vibration localization and high amplitudes. In this work, a new method is proposed to not only capture the stiffness mistuning values but also the blade-to-blade variability in damping. These damping mistuning values have been shown to have a significant effect on the dynamics of bladed disk systems. Incorporation of the damping mistuning into the computational model can be done utilizing an augmented component mode mistuning (CMM) method with either structural or proportional damping. The mistuning values for this new identification method were compared to a well-established direct method and a previously studied optimization method. Blade responses were then found using a harmonic analysis and the newly identified mistuning values. These blade responses were then compared to experimental tip timing data from full scale rotating experiments. These comparisons show that the new model is able to better reproduce experimental data using computational models that incorporate both stiffness and damping mistuning values.
Does Neuromuscular Training Reduce the Risk of Lower-Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury in High School Female Athletes With a History of Sport-Related Concussion?
Authors: McPherson April L. , Zuleger Taylor M. , Barber Foss Kim D. , Warren Shayla M. , Hogg Jennifer A. , Diekfuss Jed A. , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: August 2024

Context: There is a well-established increased risk of lower-extremity (LE) musculoskeletal (MSK) injury following a sport-related concussion (SRC). Neuromuscular training programs improve biomechanics associated with LE MSK injury and reduce LE MSK injury incidence, but their relative effectiveness in athletes with history of SRC is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate LE MSK injury incidence in female adolescent athletes with history of SRC following a neuromuscular training intervention. Design: Prospective case-control. Methods: Seventy-seven adolescent female athletes aged 12–18 years who participated in soccer, volleyball, or basketball were recruited from a single institutional sports medicine research and performance center to complete a 6-week neuromuscular training program prior to competitive athletic season. Group (Control, History of SRC) comparisons of athlete exposure and relative LE MSK injury risk and rates during the competitive athletic season were assessed. Results: Ten injuries were recorded by 9 athletes. Female athletes who reported history of SRC had increased injury risk (Risk Ratio 3.9, 95% CI, 1.1–13.8, P = .01) and increased injury rate (rate ratio 4.1, 95% CI, 1.1–15.8, P = .03) compared with female athletes without history of SRC. Conclusions: Female adolescent athletes with history of SRC showed a greater risk of LE MSK injury compared with athletes with no history of SRC. Future work is still needed to understand the underlying mechanisms associated with future LE MSK injury following SRC and interventions that ameliorate elevated injury risk.
Evidence for phosphate-dependent control of symbiont cell division in the model anemone
Exaiptasia diaphana
Authors: Faulstich Nathan G. , Deloach Alexis R. , Ksor Ykok B. , Mesa Gabriel H. , Sharma Daiven S. , Sisk Sebastian L. , Mitchell Geoffrey C. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Reef-building corals depend on symbiosis with photosynthetic algae that reside within their cells. As important as this relationship is for maintaining healthy reefs, it is strikingly delicate. When ocean temperatures briefly exceed the average summer maximum, corals can bleach, losing their endosymbionts. Although the mechanisms governing bleaching are unknown, studies implicate uncoupling of coral and algal cell divisions at high temperatures. Still, little is known regarding the coordination of host and algal cell divisions. Control of nutrient exchange is one likely mechanism. Both nitrogen and phosphate are necessary for dividing cells, and although nitrogen enrichment is known to increase symbiont density in the host, the consequences of phosphate enrichment are poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of phosphate depletion on symbiont growth in culture and compared the physiology of phosphate-starved symbionts in culture to symbionts that were freshly isolated from a host. We found that available phosphate is as low in freshly isolated symbionts as it is in phosphate-starved cultures. Furthermore, RNAseq revealed that phosphate-limited and freshly isolated symbionts have similar patterns of gene expression for phosphate-dependent genes, most notably upregulation of phosphatases, which is consistent with phosphate recycling. Similarly, lipid profiling revealed a substantial decrease in phospholipid abundance in both phosphate-starved cultures and freshly isolated symbionts. These findings are important because they suggest that limited access to phosphate controls algal cell divisions within a host.

IMPORTANCE
The corals responsible for building tropical reefs are disappearing at an alarming rate as elevated sea temperatures cause them to bleach and lose the algal symbionts they rely on. Without these symbionts, corals are unable to harvest energy from sunlight and, therefore, struggle to thrive or even survive in the nutrient-poor waters of the tropics. To devise solutions to address the threat to coral reefs, it is necessary to understand the cellular events underpinning the bleaching process. One model for bleaching proposes that heat stress impairs algal photosynthesis and transfer of sugar to the host. Consequently, the host’s demands for nitrogen decrease, increasing nitrogen availability to the symbionts, which leads to an increase in algal proliferation that overwhelms the host. Our work suggests that phosphate may play a similar role to nitrogen in this feedback loop.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: 50 Years of Development and Its Role in Nanobiotechnology
Authors: Solovyeva E. V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The review covers the main stages in the development and achievements of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the fiftieth anniversary of which we celebrate in 2024. Modern theoretical views on the SERS effect, a retrospective of the substrates and materials used, and expansion of the range of studied compounds and objects are presented. Using the example of the most important and interesting applications of SERS spectroscopy, the achievements of the last decade are considered; its role in modern surface chemistry, nanotechnology, bioanalysis and bioimaging methods is shown.
Five-flavour scheme predictions for $$t\bar{t}b\bar{b}$$ at next-to-leading order accuracy
Authors: Frederix Rikkert , Moskalets Tetiana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe compute top quark pair production in association with a bottom quark pair at the LHC within the five-flavour scheme, matched to a parton shower, employing the FxFx merging scheme for $$t\bar{t}+\text {jets}$$

t

t

¯

+
jets

production with up to 2 jets at NLO accuracy. To enhance the selection efficiency for the events with b-jets within the inclusive five-flavour sample, we augment the generation probability of bottom quark flavours in the short-distance event generation. Our analysis reveals some differences from NLO predictions within the four-flavour scheme.
HL-LHC sensitivity to higgsinos from natural SUSY with gravitino LSP
Authors: Dai Jianpeng , Li Song , Yang Jin Min , Zhang Yang , Zhu Pengxuan , Zhu Rui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the realm of natural supersymmetric models, higgsinos are typically the lightest electroweakinos. In gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking models, the lightest higgsino-dominated particles decay into a Z-boson or a Higgs boson (h), along with an ultra-light gravitino ($$\tilde{G}$$

G
~

) serving as the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). This scenario suggests a significant non-resonant hh production. Basing on the recent global fitting results of the $$\tilde{G}$$

G
~

-EWMSSM (MSSM with light electroweakinos and an eV-scale gravitino as the LSP) performed by the collaboration, which support a higgsino-dominated electroweakino as light as 140 GeV, we develop two simplified models to evaluate their detection potential at the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) with $$\sqrt{s} = 14~\textrm{TeV}$$

s

=
14

TeV

and an integrated luminosity of $$3000~\textrm{fb}^{-1}$$

3000

fb

-
1

. The first model examines the processes where heavier higgsino-dominated states decay into soft W/Z bosons, while the second focuses on direct decays of all three higgsino-dominated electroweakinos into W/Z/h plus a $$\tilde{G}$$

G
~

. Our study, incorporating both models and their distinct decay channels, utilizes detailed Monte Carlo simulations for signals and standard model backgrounds. We find that the HL-LHC can probe higgsinos up to 575 GeV, potentially discovering or excluding the natural SUSY scenario in the context of a gravitino LSP. Further, we reinterpret this discovery potential using the GAMBIT global fit samples, and find that the entire parameter space of $$|\mu | \le 500~\textrm{GeV}$$

|
μ
|
≤
500

GeV

with an electroweak fine-tuning measure ($$\Delta _{\textrm{EW}}$$

Δ
EW

) under 100 in $$\tilde{G}$$

G
~

-EWMSSM is accessible at the HL-LHC.
Snakebites and Antisnake Venom Utilization in Ghana’s Oti Region: A 6‐Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Ketor Courage Edem , Benneh Charles Kwaku , Mensah Kofi Boamah , Sarkodie Emmanuel , Mensah Adelaide , Somuah Samuel Owusu , Akakpo Selorm , Buabeng Kwame Ohene 
Published: August 2024

Background: Snakebite is a global environmental and occupational hazard and a significant public health threat. In rural areas, snakebite cases often go unreported and undocumented due to the lack of access to well‐structured healthcare facilities/infrastructure. In some cases, the need for antisnake venom (ASV) far outstrips supply, negatively affecting treatment outcomes. This study, therefore, assessed the epidemiological characteristics of snakebite cases, their management, and how antivenoms are utilised at the selected hospital in the Jasikan District Hospital.Methods: A 6‐year retrospective study using secondary data from antivenom return forms (pharmacy records), clinical records (patient folders), the District Health Information Management System‐2 (DHIMS‐2) database, and consulting room registers was carried out in selected hospitals in the Jasikan District, Oti, Ghana.Results: The predominant symptom of snakebite was localised pain (71.4%). The snakebite commonly occurred at home (19%) and on farms (18%). Of the 98 snakebite cases, ASV was administered to 73 (74.5%) cases. Supportive treatment applied included prophylactic antitetanus immunoglobulin (ATS) (80.6%), prophylactic antibiotics (63%), corticosteroids (80.6%), and analgesics (63%). 95% (n = 94) of complete recoveries were recorded; three were discharged against medical advice, and one was mortality. The supply and use of antivenom were erratic throughout the months of high incidence, partly due to inconsistent availability at the Regional Medical Stores. The average ASV vials and hospital stay duration were 1.23 ± 0.86 vials and 2.67 ± 1.97 days, respectively. Although the peak of snakebites occurs in April, May, and June, the demand for antivenom in April and May exceeded supply.Conclusion: The outcome of most snakebite case management was appropriate, irrespective of inadequate ASV supply in certain months. The erratic antivenom supply should be aligned with seasonal and facility‐use patterns to enhance regional snakebite management.
Pleural Effusion and Invasive Hemodynamic Measurements in Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Glargaard Signe , Deis Tania , Abild-Nielsen Annemette G. , Stark Alexander , Thomsen Jakob H. , Kristensen Søren L. , Rossing Kasper , Gustafsson Finn , Thune Jens Jakob 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Pleural effusion is present in 50% to 80% of patients with acute heart failure, depending on image modality. We aim to describe the association between the presence and size of pleural effusion and central hemodynamics, including pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) in an advanced heart failure population.

METHODS:

An observational, cross-sectional study in a cohort of patients with advanced heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45%) who underwent right heart catheterization at The Department of Cardiology at Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark, between January 1, 2002 and October 31, 2020. The presence and size of pleural effusion were determined by a semiquantitative score of chest
x
-rays or computed tomography scans performed within 2 days of right heart catheterization.

RESULTS:

In 346 patients (50±13 years; 78% males) with median left ventricular ejection fraction of 20% (15–25), we identified 162 (47%) with pleural effusion. The pleural effusion size was medium in 38 (24%) and large in 30 (19%). Patients with pleural effusion had a 4.3 mm Hg (2.5–6.1) higher PCWP and 2.4 mm Hg (1.2–3.6) higher central venous pressure (
P
<0.001 for both). Patients with a medium/large pleural effusion had statistically significantly higher filling pressures than patients with a small effusion. Higher PCWP (odds ratio [OR], 1.06 [1.03–1.10]) and central venous pressure (OR, 1.09 [1.05–1.15]) were associated with pleural effusion in multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and heart failure medications (
P
<0.001 for both). In a subgroup of 204 (63%) patients with serum albumin data, PCWP (OR, 1.06 [1.01–1.11];
P
=0.032), central venous pressure (OR, 1.14 [1.06–1.23];
P
<0.001) and serum albumin level (OR, 0.89 [0.83–0.95];
P
<0.001) were independently associated with the presence of a medium/large-sized pleural effusion.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45% undergoing right heart catheterization as part of advanced heart failure work-up, pleural effusion was associated with higher PCWP and central venous pressure and lower serum albumin.
The Visual Scene Network and Hippocampus Represent Spatial Boundary Structures for Temporal Episodic Memory Organization
Authors: Rah Yu Jin , Shin Jung Han , Lee Sang Ah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Crossing a spatial boundary such as a doorway plays an important role in the temporal organization of episodic memory. However, despite the wealth of evidence showing that visual boundary structures in scenes affect our representation of space, no studies have tested the possibility that they also function as event boundaries even without active navigation. In this study, we used a nonnavigational scene-based memory task that required participants to remember a sequence of objects moving to various baskets in a scene. In the boundary condition, there was a freestanding boundary in the middle of the room, low enough to see the rest of the room beyond it. We found that the additional boundary within the scene was sufficient to trigger a larger response in the cortical visual scene network, the hippocampus, and their coordinated activity. These results suggest that active navigation across a spatial boundary such as a doorway into another room is not necessary to form an event boundary and that a visual representation of boundaries is sufficient to influence the organization of a hippocampal episodic memory.
Antagonism and Shared Survival of Fish and Fishermen in the Lofoten Islands
Authors: Papacharalampous Nafsika 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper is based on ethnographic fieldwork and collected oral histories in 2019 in the Lofoten islands, as well as on archival research. I investigate the complex creation of kinship networks between humans and skrei in the Lofoten islands. I argue that the constant struggle to survive for both fish and fishermen embedded in larger capitalist ecologies of exploitation creates a symbolic shared substance between fish and fishermen, which, despite the often-unequal antagonistic nature of their relationships, allows us to rethink of definitions of kinship between humans and nonhuman others.
Corruption: From International Law and Ethics to Realpolitik and Amoralism
Authors: Matwijkiw Anja 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this essay, a philosophical and critical lens is applied to the case of corruption. For reasons having to do with both analysis and assessment of the framework of the only specialized convention at the international level of law, namely the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (uncac), the author takes a closer look at several aspects and areas that somehow fade into the background of the discourse or even fall out of the legal corruption equation itself despite their centrality to the topic. Examples include considerations of market theory, marginalization and discrimination, human rights, ethics, realpolitik, structural violence and corruption prevention, and norms of general international law. The essay also makes use of some country-specific scenarios, in part, to raise questions about possible ‘cracks’ in political governance typology. The essay is divided into two individual articles, Part i: ‘Perspectives on the Corruption Discourse’ and Part ii: ‘The Macro Area’.
A new taxonomic treatment and comprehensive evaluation of the genus Aegokeras (Apiaceae) endemic to Turkey
Authors: DURAN AHMET , SAMIGULLIN TAHIR , LYSKOV DMITRY 
Published: August 2024

The systematic position of the species Pimpinella ibradiensis, a narrow endemic to Turkey, was evaluated on the basis of morphological data and nrDNA ITS sequences. The species Pimpinella ibradiensis has been classified within the genus Pimpinella, particularly due to the similarity of leaf characteristics. However, the presence of trifoliolate leaves has been observed in both the isotype specimens and newly collected specimens from the field. Field observations, detailed morphological comparison, mericarp anatomy, and nrITS sequences data have supported the inclusion of this species within the genus Aegokeras. Furthermore, the description of the species P. ibradiensis has been emended, and the diagnostic morphological characters of all Aegokeras species are discussed. Additionally, the geographical distribution of the genus Aegokeras species is mapped, and an identification key with a description of all species is provided.