bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating the political waters: a comparative review of two influential political reference resources
Authors: Gould Gretchen 
Published: April 2014

Purpose- The purpose of this article is to review the 2012 editions of two political reference handbooks judged influential as current reference sources for the study of politics and politically related topics.Design/methodology/approach- The coverage, organization of information, and the ease of use and understanding of information presented in the political reference handbooks is examined and comparatively reviewed.Findings- These two political reference handbook titles have many similarities, but also differences.The Almanac of American Politicscontains more detailed information but utilizes a more complicated approach in the analysis, classification, and ranking of votes.Politics in Americadoes not provide in-depth information, but its approach in the analysis, classification, and ranking of votes is simple, straightforward, and easy to understand.Research limitations/implications- While online versions of these resources are available, this review concerns solely the print editions.Originality/value- This paper provides a comparative overview and analysis of two important political reference handbooks which will be of value to information professionals and others seeking to perform reference in the area of politics and political science.
Tourism in a transforming world economy – the impacts of the brave new world
Authors: Clayton Anthony H. , Pinnock Fritz H. , Ajagunna Ibrahim 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to critically review the contributions made by the articles in this theme issue with reference to the literature and by examining the linkages between global economic change and the sustainable development efforts of tourism-dependent economies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper reviews the theme issue
'
s contribution to four key questions: What are the implications of global economic transformation for tourism? Where will the tourists come from in future? Where will they go? What are the implications for tourism-dependent economies?

Findings
– The paper concludes that success in tourism can only be determined by measuring the long-term benefits to the investors and other stakeholders. As such, tourism businesses cannot be sustained indefinitely unless the government, the investors and other stakeholders are broadly satisfied with the benefits derived.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper observes that small, tourism-dependent economies need good governance, shrewd management and, in some cases, the determination to leave behind the failed politics of patronage and corruption that have inflicted so much harm in the past.

Originality/value
– This article discusses the practical implications and action points arising in response to the question: How might small developing nations achieve long-term sustainable development in a world where the balance of economic output and influence is shifting so rapidly to the emerging industrial powers?
Role of social and individual experience in interaction of the meadow ant Formica pratensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with ladybird imagines and hoverfly larvae
Authors: Novgorodova Tatiana A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe ability to recognize aphidophages is one of the key points in the protection ants provide aphids against their natural enemies. Behavior of honeydew collectors from nature (“field,” control) and laboratory reared “naive” ants of Formica pratensis Retzius, which had never met either “mature” workers or aphids and aphidophages, was observed during their pairwise interactions with ladybird imagines and hoverfly larvae. The majority of the “naive” ants perceived ladybirds as an enemy at their first encounter attacking them immediately without any prior antennation. Ants seem to have a certain innate “enemy image” that lets them react very quickly to protect aphids. Hoverfly larvae were rarely attacked by both “field” and “naive” ants (>15%). During tests with ladybirds ants from nature attacked them and also demonstrated the most aggressive reactions (series of bites and “death grip”) less frequently than the “naive” ants. The percentage of ants avoiding aphidophages after a contact with their chemical defense (reflex bleeding and glue‐like saliva) was significantly higher in the control group. Whereas the “naive” ants did not learn to avoid danger, foragers from nature usually tried to avoid negative experience and used tactics of “short bites.” Overall, experience has been proved to be unimportant for displaying key behavioral reactions underlying ant–ladybird interaction. However, accumulation of experience has been assumed to play an important role in the formation of behavioral strategy that allows honeydew collectors to drive aphidophages away with lower energy costs and avoid or minimize negative consequences of aphidophages’ chemical defense.
Asthma control assessment in a pediatric population: comparison between GINA/NAEPP guidelines, Childhood Asthma Control Test (C‐ACT), and physician's rating
Authors: Deschildre A. , Pin I. , El Abd K. , Belmin‐Larrar S. , El Mourad S. , Thumerelle C. , Le Roux P. , Langlois C. , de Blic J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines recommend regular assessment of asthma control. The Childhood Asthma Control Test (C‐ACT) is a clinically validated tool.AimTo evaluate asthma control according to GINA2006, NAEPP, pediatrician's assessment (PA), and C‐ACT in asthmatic children visiting their ambulatory pediatrician or tertiary care pediatric pulmonologist.MethodsDemographic data, treatment, and number of severe exacerbations during the previous year were collected. Control was assessed using (i) strict GINA 2006 criteria, (ii) GINA without taking into account the exacerbation item, (iii) NAEPP criteria, and (iv) PA. Children and parents filled out the C‐ACT.ResultsFive hundred and twenty‐five children completed the survey (mean age: 7.7 years; 28% ≤ 6 years). 78% had a controller treatment. 58% reported ≥ 1 severe exacerbation. C‐ACT was ≤ 19 in 29.5%. Control was not achieved in 76.5%, 55%, 40%, and 34% according to GINA 2006 guidelines, NAEPP guidelines, GINA 2006 without exacerbation criteria, and PA, respectively. C‐ACT was significantly lower in children ≤ 6 years old (P = 0.002) or with severe exacerbations (P < 0.0001). According to PA, 89% of patients with a C‐ACT > 21 were controlled and 85% of patients with a C‐ACT < 17 not controlled.ConclusionWe observed discrepancies between the different tools applied to assess asthma control in children, and the impact of age and exacerbations. Cutoff point of 19 of C‐ACT was not associated with the best performance compared to PA. Assessment of control should take into account symptoms and lung function as suggested by the latest GINA guidelines as well as exacerbation over a long period.
Biphasic anaphylactic reactions: occurrence and mortality
Authors: Rohacek M. , Edenhofer H. , Bircher A. , Bingisser R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundMonitoring after complete resolution of anaphylactic reactions is recommended. The aim of this study was to define the occurrence of biphasic – and clinically important biphasic – anaphylactic reactions, the number of transfers to intensive care units (ICU) because of anaphylaxis, and the number of deaths within 10 days of presentation to the emergency department (ED).MethodsClinical records of patients visiting the ED of a tertiary care hospital were analysed retrospectively. Hospital databases, direct contact with patients and caregivers, and the Internet were used to obtain mortality rates.ResultsOf 259 557 ED presentations from February 2001 through to August 2013, 1334 (0.51%) episodes of allergic reactions were detected, and 532 (0.20%) episodes in 495 patients fulfilled the definition of anaphylaxis. In 227 (44.8%) episodes, the length of hospital stay was ≥8 h (median 22 h, IQR 16–24). There were 507 uniphasic and 25 (4.5%) biphasic anaphylactic reactions. Twelve (2.3%) were clinically important, including 2 (0.36%) that occurred during hospital stay, one of whom (0.19%) was transferred to ICU for shock. No risk factors for biphasic reactions could be found. Eight patients were lost to follow‐up. There were no deaths during the 10‐day follow‐up.ConclusionBiphasic anaphylactic reactions, especially clinically important ones, occurred rarely, and no mortality was found, whether the monitoring was for ≥8 h or for <8 h. Our study could motivate physicians to consider discharging patients after complete resolution of an anaphylactic reaction and to dispense with prolonged monitoring.
Bipolar polygenic loading and bipolar spectrum features in major depressive disorder
Authors: Wiste Anna , Robinson Elise B , Milaneschi Yuri , Meier Sandra , Ripke Stephan , Clements Caitlin C , Fitzmaurice Garrett M , Rietschel Marcella , Penninx Brenda W , Smoller Jordan W , Perlis Roy H 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesFamily and genetic studies indicate overlapping liability for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this shared genetic liability influences clinical presentation.MethodsA polygenic risk score for bipolar disorder, derived from a large genome‐wide association meta‐analysis, was generated for each subject of European–American ancestry (n = 1,274) in the Sequential Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression study (STAR*D) outpatient major depressive disorder cohort. A hypothesis‐driven approach was used to test for association between bipolar disorder risk score and features of depression associated with bipolar disorder in the literature. Follow‐up analyses were performed in two additional cohorts.ResultsA generalized linear mixed model including seven features hypothesized to be associated with bipolar spectrum illness was significantly associated with bipolar polygenic risk score [F = 2.07, degrees of freedom (df) = 7, p = 0.04]. Features included early onset, suicide attempt, recurrent depression, atypical depression, subclinical mania, subclinical psychosis, and severity. Post‐hoc univariate analyses demonstrated that the major contributors to this omnibus association were onset of illness at age ≤ 18 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.2, p = 0.003], history of suicide attempt (OR = 1.21, p = 0.03), and presence of at least one manic symptom (OR = 1.16, p = 0.02). The maximal variance in these traits explained by polygenic score ranged from 0.8% to 1.1%. However, analyses in two replication cohorts testing a five‐feature model did not support this association.ConclusionsBipolar genetic loading appeared to be associated with bipolar‐like presentation in major depressive disorder in the primary analysis. However, the results were at most inconclusive because of lack of replication. Replication efforts were challenged by different ascertainment and assessment strategies in the different cohorts. The methodological approach described here may prove useful in applying genetic data to clarify psychiatric nosology in future studies.
The temporary use of thrombopoietin‐receptor agonists may induce a prolonged remission in adult chronic immune thrombocytopenia. Results of a French observational study
Authors: Mahévas Matthieu , Fain Olivier , Ebbo Mikael , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise , Limal Nicolas , Khellaf Mehdi , Schleinitz Nicolas , Bierling Philippe , Languille Laeticia , Godeau Bertrand , Michel Marc 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThrombopoietin‐receptor agonists (Tpo‐RAs) are highly effective in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Recently, cases of durable remission after Tpo‐RA discontinuation in adult ITP have been reported. We aimed to describe the subset of patients in whom transient Tpo‐RA therapy may induce a durable response. We studied all adults with primary ITP treated with at least one Tpo‐RA over a 5‐year period (n = 54) and seen at one of three participating referral centres in France. Tpo‐RAs were discontinued in 20 of 28 patients who achieved a complete response. We excluded six patients because a previous treatment at the start of Tpo‐RA treatment may have interfered with the response. Overall, eight patients with chronic ITP showed a sustained response [median follow‐up: 13·5 months (range 5–27 months)]. We could not identify a predictive factor of sustained response. In conclusion, a substantial proportion of ITP patients receiving Tpo‐RAs can maintain a durable response after treatment discontinuation.
Sex‐specific effects of naturally occurring variants in the dopamine receptor D2 locus on insulin secretion and Type 2 diabetes susceptibility
Authors: Guigas B. , de Leeuw van Weenen J. E. , van Leeuwen N. , Simonis‐Bik A. M. , van Haeften T. W. , Nijpels G. , Houwing‐Duistermaat J. J. , Beekman M. , Deelen J. , Havekes L. M. , Penninx B. W. J. H. , Vogelzangs N. , van ‘t Riet E. , Dehghan A. , Hofman A. , Witteman J. C. , Uitterlinden A. G. , Grarup N. , Jørgensen T. , Witte D. R. , Lauritzen T. , Hansen T. , Pedersen O. , Hottenga J. , Romijn J. A. , Diamant M. , Kramer M. H. H. , Heine R. J. , Willemsen G. , Dekker J. M. , Eekhoff E. M. , Pijl H. , de Geus E. J. , Slagboom P. E. , ‘t Hart L. M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimsModulation of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) activity affects insulin secretion in both rodents and isolated pancreatic β‐cells. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DRD2/ANKK1 locus may affect susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes in humans.MethodsFour potentially functional variants in the coding region of the DRD2/ANKK1 locus (rs1079597, rs6275, rs6277, rs1800497) were genotyped and analysed for Type 2 diabetes susceptibility in up to 25 000 people (8148 with Type 2 diabetes and 17687 control subjects) from two large independent Dutch cohorts and one Danish cohort. In addition, 340 Dutch subjects underwent a 2‐h hyperglycaemic clamp to investigate insulin secretion. Since sexual dimorphic associations related to DRD2 polymorphisms have been previously reported, we also performed a gender‐stratified analysis.Resultsrs1800497 at the DRD2/ANKK1 locus was associated with a significantly increased risk for Type 2 diabetes in women (odds ratio 1.14 (1.06–1.23); P = 4.1*10−4) but not in men (odds ratio 1.00 (95% CI 0.93–1.07); P = 0.92) or the combined group. Although rs1800497 was not associated with insulin secretion, we did find another single nucleotide polymorphism in this locus, rs6275, to be associated with increased first‐phase glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in women (P = 5.5*10−4) but again not in men (P = 0.34).ConclusionThe present data identify DRD2/ANKK1 as a potential sex‐specific Type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene.
Antioxidant function of tea dregs protein hydrolysates in liposome–meat system and its possible action mechanism
Authors: Zhao Lina , Wang Shaoyun , Huang Yifan 
Published: April 2014

SummaryTea dregs possess abundant proteins, and the objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of tea dregs protein hydrolysate with limited hydrolysis by protamex and its possible action mechanism. Tea dregs protein was hydrolysed by alcalase, protamex or neutrase. The hydrolysis condition was optimised, and the hydrolysate was characterised for 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activity and antioxidant activity in linoleic acid (LA) system and in chicken products. Tea dregs protein hydrolysate (TDPH) was formulated (0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, w/w) into chicken products to determine in situ antioxidant efficacy. Thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (POV) formed in chicken products during storage (4 °C, 0–7 days) were analysed. Results showed that the optimum hydrolysis condition was at 50 °C, pH 7.0 for 20 min, and the concentration of tea dregs protein was 1.5%; ratio of protamex to substrate was 6000 U g−1. The radical‐scavenging ratio of TDPH to 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) was 90.30% at the concentration of 0.1 mg mL−1 and that to hydroxyl radical was 65.18% at the concentration of 1.0 mg mL−1. Moreover, it also showed strong antioxidant activity both in linoleic acid (LA) system and in chicken products. The molecular weight distribution of tea dregs hydrolysates was determined by nanofiltration tubular membrane, and the protein hydrolysates with molecular weight above 8000 Da had more effective antioxidant activity. The radical‐scavenging activities to DPPH and hydroxyl radical were 85.72% at 0.1 mg mL−1 and 71.52% at 1.0 mg mL−1, respectively. These findings suggest that the enzymatic hydrolysate of tea dregs protein probably possesses the specific peptides/amino acids which could stabilise or terminate the radicals through donating hydrogen. In addition, the hydrolysate could form a physical barrier around the fat droplets.
The use of Taqman genotyping assays for rapid confirmation of β‐thalassaemia mutations in the Malays: accurate diagnosis with low DNA concentrations
Authors: Teh L.‐K. , Lee T.‐Y. , Tan J. A. M. A. , Lai M.‐I. , George E. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryIntroductionIn Malaysia, β‐thalassaemia is a common inherited blood disorder in haemoglobin synthesis with a carrier rate of 4.5%. Currently, PCR‐incorporating techniques such as amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) or reverse dot blot hybridization (RDBH) are used in β‐thalassaemia mutation detection. ARMS allows single‐mutation identification using two reactions, one for wild type and another for mutant alleles. RDBH requires probe immobilization and optimization of hybridization and washing temperatures which is time consuming. The aim of our study was to investigate whether β‐thalassaemia mutations can be identified in samples with low DNA concentrations.MethodsGenotype identification of common β‐thalassaemia mutations in Malays was carried out using Taqman genotyping assays.ResultsResults show that the Taqman assays allow mutation detection with DNA template concentrations as low as 2–100 ng. In addition, consistent reproducibility was observed in the Taqman assays when repeated eight times and at different time intervals.ConclusionThe developed sensitive Taqman assays allow molecular characterization of β‐thalassaemia mutations in samples with low DNA concentrations. The Taqman genotyping assays have potential as a diagnostic tool for foetal blood, chorionic villi or pre‐implantation genetic diagnosis where DNA is limited and precious.
Cannabis withdrawal in chronic, frequent cannabis smokers during sustained abstinence within a closed residential environment
Authors: Lee Dayong , Schroeder Jennifer R. , Karschner Erin L. , Goodwin Robert S. , Hirvonen Jussi , Gorelick David A. , Huestis Marilyn A. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesChronic, frequent cannabis smokers may experience residual and offset effects, withdrawal, and craving when abstaining from the drug. We characterized the prevalence, duration, and intensity of these effects in chronic frequent cannabis smokers during abstinence on a closed research unit.MethodsNon‐treatment‐seeking participants (N = 29 on admission, 66% and 34% remaining after 2 and 4 weeks) provided subjective effects data. A battery of five instruments was computer‐administered daily to measure psychological, sensory, and physical symptoms associated with cannabinoid intoxication and withdrawal. Plasma and oral fluid specimens were concurrently collected and analyzed for cannabinoids. Outcome variables were evaluated as change from admission (Day 0) with regression models.ResultsMost abstinence effects, including irritability and anxiety were greatest on Days 0–3 and decreased thereafter. Cannabis craving significantly decreased over time, whereas decreased appetite began to normalize on Day 4. Strange dreams and difficulty getting to sleep increased over time, suggesting intrinsic sleep problems in chronic cannabis smokers. Symptoms likely induced by residual drug effects were at maximum intensity on admission and positively correlated with plasma and oral fluid cannabinoid concentrations on admission but not afterward; these symptoms showed overall prevalence higher than cannabis withdrawal symptoms.ConclusionsThe combined influence of residual/offset drug effects, withdrawal, and craving was observed in chronic cannabis smokers during monitored abstinence. Abstinence symptoms were generally more intense in the initial phase, implying importance of early intervention in cannabis quit attempts. Sleep disturbance persisting for an extended period suggests that hypnotic medications could be beneficial in treating cannabis dependence. (Am J Addict 2014;23:234–242)
Canine Soft Tissue Sarcoma Managed in First Opinion Practice: Outcome in 350 Cases
Authors: Bray Jonathan P. , Polton Gerry A. , McSporran Keith D. , Bridges Janis , Whitbread Trevor M. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo determine outcome of dogs with a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma managed in first opinion practice.Study DesignRetrospective, case‐controlled studyAnimalsDogs (n = 350) with primary occurrence of a soft tissue sarcoma.MethodsA previously validated questionnaire was sent to all veterinarians requesting clinical information and ultimate outcome for all dogs. Histologic sections were reviewed by a single pathologist.ResultsMost surgeries were unplanned, with only 15 (4%) dogs having a histologic and 59 (16.8%) dogs having a cytologic diagnosis before surgery. Median survival time for all dogs was not reached with 70% proportional survival at 5 years. Local recurrence developed in 73 (20.8%) cases. The extent of resection performed was not associated with improved survival (P = .2) or tumor recurrence (P = .8). Age <8 years (χ2 = 6.1;P = .01), tumors <5 cm in size (χ2 = 9.6;P = .002) and discrete tumors (χ2 = 16.6;P < .001) had improved survival outcomes. On multivariate analysis, a high tumor grade was significant for recurrence (HR 5.8;P < .001; 95% CI: 2.2–14.8). Evidence of a selection bias towards less aggressive tumors being managed in first opinion practice was confirmed.ConclusionsWide resection margins are not the primary determinant of outcome for all soft tissue sarcoma. Veterinarians need to better understand the biologic behavior of a suspected soft tissue sarcoma before treatment to allow surgical margins to be adjusted accordingly.
Reversible Paralysis and Loss of Deep Pain Sensation After Topical Intrathecal Morphine Administration Following Durotomy
Authors: Chamisha Yael , Shamir Merav H. , Merbl Yael , Chai Orit 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo report 2 dogs that developed temporary pelvic limb paralysis with loss of deep pain sensation after topical intrathecal morphine administration during spinal surgery.Study DesignClinical report.AnimalsDogs (n = 2).MethodsA 5‐year‐old castrated male French Bulldog with a subarachnoid diverticulum at T9–T10 and a 9.5‐year‐old castrated male Belgian Shepherd dog with a herniated disc at T12–T13 and intradural component, had Gelfoam soaked with morphine placed over the dura mater defect.ResultsPelvic limb paralysis and loss of deep pain sensation was noticed immediately after recovery from anesthesia. After intravenous naloxone administration, both dogs immediately regained ambulation and normal pain sensation; however the effect was temporary lasting only a few hours. Permanent resolution of clinical signs occurred 24 hours after surgery.ConclusionsTopical intrathecal morphine administration resulted in temporary pelvic limb paralysis and loss of deep pain sensation. This route of administration should be used cautiously until further determination of the efficacy and adverse effects associated with topical intrathecal morphine administration.