bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programmable Tetrahedral DNA‐RNA Nanocages Woven with Stimuli‐Responsive siRNA for Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Multidrug‐Resistant Tumors
Authors: Chen Changmai , Yu Maocheng , Li Qing , Zhou Ying , Zhang Mengting , Cai Shanyu , Yu Jiaojiao , Huang Zhongnan , Liu Jiaan , Kuang Ye , Tang Xinjing , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle limiting the effectiveness of chemotherapy against cancer. The combination strategy of chemotherapeutic agents and siRNA targeting drug efflux has emerged as an effective cancer treatment to overcome MDR. Herein, stimuli‐responsive programmable tetrahedral DNA‐RNA nanocages (TDRN) have been rationally designed and developed for dynamic co‐delivery of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) siRNA. Specifically, the sense and antisense strand sequences of the P‐gp siRNA, which are programmable bricks with terminal disulfide bond conjugation, are precisely embedded in one edge of the DNA tetrahedron. TDRN provides a stimuli‐responsive release element for dynamic control of functional cargo P‐gp siRNA that is significantly more stable than the “tail‐like” TDN nanostructures. The stable and highly rigid 3D nanostructure of the siRNA‐organized TDRN nanocages demonstrated a notable improvement in the stability of RNase A and mouse serum, as well as long‐term storage stability for up to 4 weeks, as evidenced by this study. These biocompatible and multifunctional TDRN nanocarriers with gold nanocluster‐assisted delivery (TDRN@Dox@AuNCp) are successfully used to achieve synergistic RNAi/Chemo‐therapy in vitro and in vivo. This programmable TDRN drug delivery system, which integrates RNAi therapy and chemotherapy, offers a promising approach for treating multidrug‐resistant tumors.
A study on the effect of feed load on mortality of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Mohammed Fazeel , Gabbadon Paul , Ajmal Tahmina , Goodchild Martin S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), understanding the relationship between feed load and its impact on water quality and overall shrimp health is important. This study utilised an indoor marine RAS for the intensive culture of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The shrimp were stocked into the grow‐out system at an average body weight of 0.25 g and a stocking density of 347 shrimp/m3. Water quality parameters of temperature, salinity, total dissolved solids, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured twice daily. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite and nitrate were measured once weekly or when needed. Sampling was conducted to calculate the daily feed ratio based on the total estimated biomass. Mortality was recorded as a means of evaluating the overall shrimp health. The data obtained were analysed using Pearson correlation (r) analysis and multi‐linear regression with a significant difference accepted p < 0.05. Correlation (r) established relationships among the water quality parameters, feed load and mortality. The TAN level of 24.20 mg/L was recorded when the feed load increased by 81.2% resulting in the mortality of 40% of shrimp. A negative correlation between TAN and DO resulted in a synergistic effect causing a massive consumption of DO in the water, reducing its availability to the shrimp and leading to a drastic change in the shrimp's behaviour. Overfeeding can lead to an accumulation of uneaten feed and waste, causing ammonia spikes and oxygen depletion in the water. Monitoring and adjusting feed rates accordingly can help maintain optimal water conditions for shrimp growth and health. Therefore, it is essential to use appropriate feed rates in recirculating systems because feed load can influence water quality parameters that can be detrimental to shrimp culture.
Inclusion of near‐threatened micronutrient‐rich small indigenous species (SIS) dhela (Osteobrama cotio) in pond aquaculture
Authors: Kunda Mrityunjoy , Khanom Mahfuja , Islam Md. Jahidul , Pandit Debasish 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to their high content of micronutrients, small indigenous species (SISs) of fish play a vital role in the diets of people. Dhela (Osteobrama cotio) is one of the most important micronutrient‐rich SISs and was once abundant but is currently disappearing from inland waters. This study investigated the culture suitability of dhela with carp species in polycultures in a pond aquaculture system. The stocking density of the carp species was the same in all the treatments, with Labeo catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus cirrhosus at 10,800/ha. Dhela were cultivated at a density of 10,000/ha in treatment 2 (Dhela‐10K) and 15,000/ha in treatment 3 (Dhela‐15K), and no dhela were cultivated in treatment 1 (Dhela‐0). After 7 months of culture, there were no significant differences in total production among the treatments, with yields of 3393.27 ± 120.70, 3534.52 ± 57.03 and 3687.34 ± 244.41 kg/ha in Dhela‐0, Dhela‐10K and Dhela‐15K, respectively. Notably, a significantly greater (p < 0.05) net profit and benefit‒cost ratio were found in Dhela‐10K and Dhela‐15K than in Dhela‐0, but no significant difference was found between Dhela‐10K and Dhela‐15K. The inclusion of dhela in pond polycultures with carp species demonstrates the potential benefits of diversifying aquaculture systems. Farmers could consider incorporating SISs into their existing aquaculture practices to increase overall production and improve economic returns.
Natural stable isotope ratios as a tool in understanding nutrient allocation of protein sources in the growth of farmed abalone, Haliotis midae
Authors: Wu Yu , Kaiser Horst , Jones Cliff L. W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUsing stable isotope analysis, we assessed the relative contributions of the main protein contributors fishmeal, soya and sunflower meal to mature abalone muscle and gonad tissue over 1 year. Prerequisites for the use of stable isotope mixing models were established in this species. The δ13C and δ15N discrimination factors and turnover rates were influenced by diet composition, and there were tissue‐specific and sex‐specific differences. Abalone were fed the two combination diets (fishmeal–soya and fishmeal–sunflower meal) grew at similar rates. However, feed was most efficiently utilised in abalone fed a combination of fishmeal and soya. The relative contribution of fishmeal, soya and sunflower meal to female and male abalone tissue growth fluctuated throughout the 1‐year study. Overall, fishmeal contributed over 50% of the gonad (54%–82%) and muscle (54%–84%) tissue growth in females. Similarly, fishmeal contributed over 50% of gonad tissue growth of male abalone, ranging from 59% to 87%, while the contribution to meat tissue growth in males ranged from 44% to 94%. These findings support the importance of laboratory studies when using stable isotope analysis and mixing models for nutrient allocation in aquaculture.
Functional probes for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases
Authors: Fan Zhijin , Liu Yan , Ye Yuyun , Liao Yuhui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInfectious diseases present significant challenges to global health, thereby extensively affecting both human society and the economy. In recent years, functional probes have demonstrated remarkable potential as crucial biomedical media for the research and treatment of infectious diseases. Their applications in the realm of infectious diseases include pathogen detection, exploration of biological mechanisms, and development of anti‐infective drugs. This review provides a concise introduction to the severity, classification, and pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Subsequently, we examined the distinctiveness and design strategies of functional probes for diagnosing and treating infectious diseases, shedding light on their design rationale using typical examples. We discuss the current status and challenges associated with the clinical implementation of functional probes. Furthermore, we explored the prospects of using these probes for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. This review aims to offer novel insights into the design of diagnostic probes for infectious diseases and broaden their applications in disease treatment.
Genome sequencing identifies biallelic variants in SCLT1 in a patient with syndromic nephronophthisis: Reflections on the SCLT1‐related ciliopathy spectrum
Authors: Gillesse E. , Wade A. , Parboosingh J. S. , Au P. Y. B. , Bernier F. P. ,   C4R Consortium, Lamont R. E. , Innes A. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCiliopathies represent a major category of rare multisystem disease. Arriving at a specific diagnosis for a given patient is challenged by the significant genetic and clinical heterogeneity of these conditions. We report the outcome of the diagnostic odyssey of a child with obesity, renal, and retinal disease. Genome sequencing identified biallelic splice site variants in sodium channel and clathrin linker 1 (SCLT1), an emerging ciliopathy gene. We review the literature on all patients reported with biallelic SCLT1 variants highlighting a frequent clinical presentation that overlaps Bardet–Biedl and Senior–Loken syndromes. We also discuss current concepts in syndrome designation in light of these data.
Electron Transfer Enhanced by a Minimal Energetic Driving Force at the Organic‐Semiconductor Interface
Authors: Iwasaki Hiroto , Fujimoto Keisuke , Banno Koki , Shui Qing‐jun , Majima Yutaka , Takahashi Masaki , Izawa Seiichiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe energetic driving force for electron transfer must be minimized to realize efficient optoelectronic devices including organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Exploring the dynamics of a charge‐transfer (CT) state at an interface leads to a comprehension of the relationship between energetics, electron‐transfer efficiency, and device performance. Here, we investigate the electron transfer from the CT state to the triplet excited state (T1) in upconversion OLEDs with 45 material combinations. By analyzing the CT emission and the singlet excited‐state emission from triplet–triplet annihilation via the dark T1, their energetics and electron‐transfer efficiencies are extracted. We demonstrate that the CT→T1 electron transfer is enhanced by the stronger CT interaction and a minimal energetic driving force (<0.1 eV), which is explained using the Marcus theory with a small reorganization energy of <0.1 eV. Through our analysis, a novel donor–acceptor combination for the OLED is developed and shows an efficient blue emission with an extremely low turn‐on voltage of 1.57 V. This work provides a solution to control interfacial CT states for efficient optoelectronic devices without energy loss.
Crystalline Porous Organic Cage Membranes Constructed Using Fortified Intermolecular Interactions for Molecular Sieving
Authors: Song Ziye , Liu Linghao , Sun Qian , Du Jingcheng , Guan Jian , Dou Pengjia , Zhang Runnan , Jiang Zhongyi , Liu Jiangtao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmong the various types of materials with intrinsic porosity, porous organic cages (POCs) are distinctive as discrete molecules that possess intrinsic cavities and extrinsic channels capable of facilitating molecular sieving. However, the fabrication of POC membranes remains highly challenging due to the weak noncovalent intermolecular interactions and most reported POCs are powders. In this study, we constructed crystalline free‐standing porous organic cage membranes by fortifying intermolecular interactions through the induction of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. To elucidate the driving forces behind, a series of terephthaldehyde building blocks containing different substitutions were reacted with flexible triamine under different conditions via interfacial polymerization (IP). Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that intramolecular hydrogen bonding can significantly boost the intermolecular interactions. The resulting membranes exhibited fast solvent permeance and high rejection of dyes not only in water, but also in organic solvents. In addition, the membrane demonstrated excellent performance in precise molecular sieving in organic solvents. This work opens an avenue to designing and fabricating free‐standing membranes composed of porous organic materials for efficient molecular sieving.
Development and Effectiveness of a Standardized Hand‐Off Program Using the SWITCH Tool for OR Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Jeong Eun , Kim Myoung Soo 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to develop a standardized hand‐off program based on the SWITCH tool (surgical procedure, wet, instruments, tissue, counts, have you any questions?) and to examine its effectiveness in terms of self‐reported perceptions of hand‐off satisfaction, self‐efficacy, surgical nursing performance, and communication competence among OR staff members. This randomized controlled trial used a nonsynchronized control group with a pretest and posttest design. The nurses in the experimental group received one educational session and used the standardized hand‐off tool for four weeks. The control group performed hand offs using the usual method rather than a tool. After the intervention, self‐reported hand‐off satisfaction (P = .001), self‐efficacy (P = .005), and surgical nursing performance (P < .001) scores were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. A standardized hand‐off tool can improve nurse perceptions of satisfaction, self‐efficacy, and surgical nursing performance.
Retrospective Analysis of Associated Costs and Sources of Variability in OR Utilization Across Weekdays
Authors: Elliott‐Dawe Cheryl , Chen Jie , Stucky Christopher H. , Zadinsky Julie K. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTFew studies have examined variability in OR utilization across weekdays. We conducted a retrospective analysis to determine OR utilization differences by day of the week and the source and financial effects of any variability. We extracted 55 months of data from a surgical data repository to calculate OR utilization, late starts, idle times, and delays for each weekday. Declines in OR utilization occurred as the week progressed and were attributed to compounding changes in late start, delay, and idle time. The average weekly cost for each OR associated with unused staffed minutes below a target OR utilization of 85% was $19,383, and the comparable lost weekly revenue was $60,256. Perioperative leaders should identify sources of OR utilization variability when developing strategies that enhance outcomes for patients, minimize costs, and maximize revenue.
New Insights Into Zinc Passivation Through Operando Measured Zincate Concentrations
Authors: Fuchs David , Müller Christoph , Schaffeld Mandy , Mahlendorf Falko , Hoster Harry E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present a detailed analysis of the behavior of a new zinc‐air flow cell. This system offers several unique insights into the zinc electrochemistry. Due to the constant slurry flow, concentration gradients are completely destroyed every few seconds and therefore negligible and it is possible to take samples from the anode without interrupting the discharge process. To clarify the underlying processes, the potential of the zinc electrode, the zincate concentration (by titration) and the zinc‐particles (by SEM) were analyzed. These measurements offer the unique opportunity to distinguish between thermodynamic and kinetic contributions to the cell voltage. We found, that in this system zinc passivation, is caused by a critical zincate concentration and the steep increase of the cell potential is a kinetic effect, caused by partial passivation. The key factor for passivation, which limits the capacity to 82 mAh gzinc−1 or 41 mAh gslurry−1, is the nucleation of ZnO before the critical zincate concentration is reached. This allows capacities of up to 420 mAh gzinc−1 or 210 mAh gslurry−1. These results are therefore not only essential for a further increase of the practical capacity of the system but also offer unique insights in the zinc electrochemistry.
Teaching on the cheap? The extent and impact of teaching assistants covering classes and leading lessons
Authors: Webster Rob 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study provides a detailed picture of how the on‐going challenge of teacher shortages in England and Wales is driving the deployment of teaching assistants (TAs) to cover classes in place of teachers. Analyses of data from a survey of nearly 6000 TAs in mainstream and special schools found that TAs cover classes for up to 4 h a week, with one in four covering classes because schools do not have enough teachers and/or are unable to get external supply teachers. The conditions under which TAs cover classes are challenging and a cause of stress and anxiety. Unlike teachers, TAs cover classes without a lesson plan or support from another TA. The majority of TAs said that covering classes inevitably involves them having to teach pupils – despite national guidance stipulating that cover by TAs should not involve ‘active teaching’. Three in four TAs report that their own role is not covered when they cover for teachers. Being deployed to cover classes disrupts and diverts TAs from carrying out their regular duties of delivering curriculum interventions and providing classroom support. Consequently, TAs feel that undertaking cover negatively impacts the quality of learning and provision for pupils with additional needs, as well as their workload, wellbeing, sense of effectiveness and job satisfaction. The conclusion that TAs actively teach lessons to whole classes has potentially significant real‐world consequences and implications for policy and practice. This paper calls for an urgent policy response to what is, in essence, a troubling symptom of the current teacher recruitment and retention crisis.
Dynamic modulation of enhancer‐promoter and promoter‐promoter connectivity in gene regulation
Authors: Makino Shiho , Fukaya Takashi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnhancers are short segments of regulatory DNA that control when and in which cell‐type genes should be turned on in response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic signals. At the molecular level, enhancers serve as a genomic scaffold that recruits sequence‐specific transcription factors and co‐activators to facilitate transcription from linked promoters. However, it remains largely unclear how enhancers communicate with appropriate target promoters in the context of higher‐order genome topology. In this review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of the functional interplay between enhancers, genome topology, and the molecular properties of transcription machineries in gene regulation. We suggest that the activities of transcription hubs are highly regulated through the dynamic rearrangement of enhancer‐promoter and promoter‐promoter connectivity during animal development.
CT‐determined low skeletal muscle index predicts poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Feng Yue , Cheng Xiao‐Hong , Xu Mei , Zhao Rui , Wan Qian‐Yi , Feng Wei‐Hua , Gan Hua‐Tian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is highly prevalent among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Computed tomography (CT)‐based assessment of low skeletal muscle index (SMI) is widely used for diagnosing sarcopenia. However, there are conflicting findings on the association between low SMI and overall survival (OS) in CRC patients. The objective of this study was to investigate whether CT‐determined low SMI can serve as a valuable prognostic factor in CRC.MethodsWe collected data from patients with CRC who underwent radical surgery at our institution between June 2020 and November 2021. The SMI at the third lumbar vertebra was calculated using CT scans, and the cutoff values for defining low SMI were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the associations between clinical characteristics and postoperative major complications.ResultsA total of 464 patients were included in the study, 229 patients (46.7%) were classified as having low SMI. Patients with low SMI were older and had a lower body mass index (BMI), a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and higher nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) scores compared to those with normal SMI. Furthermore, patients with sarcopenia had a higher rate of major complications (10.9% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.001) and longer length of stay (9.09 ± 4.86 days vs. 8.25 ± 3.12 days; p = 0.03). Low SMI and coronary heart disease were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative major complications. Moreover, CRC patients with low SMI had significantly worse OS. Furthermore, the combination of low SMI with older age or TNM stage II + III resulted in the worst OS in each subgroup analysis.ConclusionsCT‐determined low SMI is associated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC, especially when combined with older age or advanced TNM stage.
Anti‐Inflammatory Activity and Acute Toxicity Of Pereskia aculeata, In Zophobas morio Larvae
Authors: e Silva Dominique Mesquita , Nunes Luiza Gabrielle Assunção , Prado da Silva Natália , de Freitas Pedro Henrique Santos , Scio Elita , Tavares Guilherme Diniz , Almeida Alves Izabel , de Carvalho da Costa Juliana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPereskia aculeata has been widely investigated due to its anti‐inflammatory potential. Among the metabolites found in this species are the phytosterols beta‐sitosterol (β‐SIT) and stigmasterol (STIG). The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory and toxicity activities of the hexane partition of P. aculeata (PHEX), as well as β‐SIT and STIG. PHEX was prepared and the phytosterols were quantified. In terms of toxicity against L929 fibroblast cells, PHEX showed toxicity up to 200 μg/mL; STIG and β‐SIT showed toxicity up to 25 μg/mL. PHEX inhibited 66 % of nitric oxide radicals, while STIG and β‐SIT inhibited 33.73 % and 34.94 %, respectively. In an anti‐inflammatory test against Zophobas morio larvae, all samples significantly reduced hemocyte levels. Additionally, the LD50 values were calculated: 229.6 mg/kg for PHEX, 101.5 mg/kg for STIG, and 103.8 mg/kg for β‐SIT. In conclusion, the study indicates that the phytosterols present in PHEX may contribute to its anti‐inflammatory activity.
Congenital incomplete duplication of lower extremity (polymelia) accompanied with anorectal malformation and unilateral deafness
Authors: Shinden Yumetaka , Hakozaki Michiyuki , Hiruta Shun , Tanaka Hideaki , Matsumoto Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessagePolymelia (supernumerary limbs) is an extremely rare congenital condition in humans. Because congenital anorectal malformation is a relatively common complication of polymelia and it may require emergency surgery as in the present case, accompanying malformations must be investigated.
Synergistic Effect of RuCo and Hierarchical ZSM‐5 for Enhanced Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Lin Zhi‐Bin , Zeng Bo‐Jun , Wu Si‐Ming , Wang Li‐Ying , Wu Lu , Wu Xuan , Tian Yuan , Chang Gang‐Gang , Tian Ge , Shen Ling , Yang Xiao‐Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA unique bifunctional catalyst comprised of acid site containing, hierarchical ZSM‐5 (contains acid sites) supported RuCo bimetal, was synthesized using a facile incipient wetness impregnation method. The synergistic interaction between zeolite acid sites and bimetals of this bifunctional material significantly improves its performance as a catalyst of hydrogen producing, dehydrogenation of ammonia borane.