bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of hemorrhagic complication associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients on dual antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Mahaney Kelly B. , Chalouhi Nohra , Viljoen Stephanus , Smietana Janel , Kung David K. , Jabbour Pascal , Bulsara Ketan R. , Howard Matthew , Hasan David M. 
Published: June 2013

Object
The use of an intracranial stent requires dual antiplatelet therapy to avoid in-stent thrombosis. In this study, the authors sought to investigate whether the use of dual antiplatelet therapy is a risk factor for hemorrhagic complications in patients undergoing permanent ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt for hydrocephalus following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods
Patients were given 325 mg acetylsalicylic acid and 600 mg clopidogrel during the coil/stent procedure, and they were maintained on dual antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid 325 mg daily and clopidogrel 75 mg daily during hospitalization and for 6 weeks posttreatment. Patients underwent placement of VP shunt at a later time during initial hospitalization, usually between 7 and 21 days following aSAH. Postoperative CT scans obtained in each study patient were reviewed for hemorrhages related to placement of the VP shunt.

Results
A total of 206 patients were admitted to the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics with aSAH between July 2009 and October 2010. Thirty-seven of these patients were treated with a VP shunt for persistent hydrocephalus. Twelve patients (32%) had previously undergone stent-assisted coiling and were on dual antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel. The remaining 25 patients (68%) had undergone surgical clipping or aneurysm coiling and were not receiving antiplatelet therapy at the time of surgery.
Four cases (10.8%) of new intracranial hemorrhages associated with VP shunt placement were observed. All 4 hemorrhages (33%) occurred in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy for stent-assisted coiling. No new intracranial hemorrhages were observed in patients not receiving dual antiplatelet therapy. The difference in hemorrhagic complications between the 2 groups was statistically significant (4 [33%] of 12 vs 0 of 25, p = 0.0075]). All 4 hemorrhages occurred along the tract of the ventricular catheter. Only 1 hemorrhage (1 [8.3%] of 12) was clinically significant as it resulted in occlusion of the proximal shunt catheter and required revision of the VP shunt. The patient did not suffer any permanent morbidity related to the hemorrhage. The remaining 3 hemorrhages were not clinically significant.

Conclusions
This small clinical series suggests that placement of a VP shunt in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy may be associated with an increased, but low, rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. It appears that in patients who are poor candidates for open surgical clipping and have aneurysms amenable to stent-assisted coiling, the risk of symptomatic hemorrhage may be an acceptable trade-off for avoiding risks associated with discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy. The authors' results are preliminary, however, and require confirmation in larger studies.
Single-fraction radiosurgery of benign cavernous sinus meningiomas
Authors: Pollock Bruce E. , Stafford Scott L. , Link Michael J. , Garces Yolanda I. , Foote Robert L. 
Published: June 2013

Object
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an important treatment option for patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas (CSM). To analyze factors associated with local tumor control and complications after single-fraction SRS, the authors reviewed cases involving patients treated with Gamma Knife SRS between 1990 and 2008.

Methods
Excluded were patients with WHO Grade II or III tumors, radiation-induced tumors, multiple meningiomas, neurofibromatosis Type 2, and prior or concurrent radiotherapy. Five patients were lost to follow-up and 3 patients refused research authorization. The remaining 115 patients (29 men, 86 women) had either histologically confirmed WHO Grade I (n = 46, 40%) or presumed (n = 69, 60%) CSM. The median treatment volume was 9.3 cm3 (range 1.3–42.2 cm3). The median margin dose was 16 Gy (range 12–20 Gy). The median follow-up after SRS was 89 months (range 12–251 months). Thirty-nine patients (34%) had 10 or more years of follow-up after SRS.

Results
Six patients (5%) had tumor progression (in field, n = 3; marginal, n = 3) at a median of 74 months (range 42–145 months) after SRS. The local tumor control rate was 99% at 5 years and 93% at 10 years after SRS. No analyzed factor was associated with local control after SRS. Fourteen patients (12%) had permanent complications at a median onset of 23 months (range 2–146 months) including trigeminal dysfunction (n = 9), diplopia (n = 2), ischemic stroke (n = 2), and hypopituitarism (n = 1). The 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year rates of complications were 7%, 10%, and 15%, respectively. Multivariate analysis found larger treatment volume (HR 1.1, 95% CI 1.02–1.2, p = 0.01) to be associated with complications after SRS. The complication rate for patients with a treatment volume of 9.3 cm3 or less was 3% (2 of 58 cases) compared with 21% (12 of 57 cases) for patients with a treatment volume greater than 9.4 cm3.

Conclusions
Single-fraction SRS at the radiation doses used in this series provided durable tumor control for patients with benign CSM. Larger tumor volume remains the primary factor associated with complications after single-fraction SRS of benign CSM despite advancements in SRS technique.
Lack of functional patency of the lamina terminalis after fenestration following clipping of anterior circulation aneurysms
Authors: Chohan Muhammad Omar , Carlson Andrew P. , Hart Blaine L. , Yonas Howard 
Published: June 2013

Object
Fenestration of the lamina terminalis (FLT) during aneurysm surgery for subarachnoid hemorrhage can, in theory, improve CSF circulation from the lateral and third ventricles to the cortical subarachnoid space, which may, in turn, decrease the incidence of hydrocephalus and vasospasm. However, the actual effects of FLT on CSF circulation have been difficult to determine, due to confounding factors. In addition, it is unclear whether the lamina terminalis remains functionally patent when the brain resumes its normal position. The goal of this study was to assess the functional patency of the fenestrated lamina terminalis in patients who underwent surgery for ruptured aneurysms.

Methods
This prospective study included 15 patients who underwent surgical clipping of ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms, with FLT performed during surgery. On postoperative Day 1, the external ventricular drain of each patient was closed, and 1 ml of Omnipaque 300, an iodine based contrast agent, was injected intraventricularly, accompanied by cranial maneuvering designed to position the contrast agent adjacent to the lamina terminalis. Three to 5 minutes after cranial maneuvering, the flow of contrast agent into the basal cisterns was assessed with CT imaging. Flow was verified by an increase in Hounsfield units in a prespecified “region of interest” within the basal cisterns on the CT scan. This procedure was performed using a standardized protocol designed in consultation with the Department of Radiology and approved by the institutional review board. One patient who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy was recruited as a positive control to validate the technique, and 1 patient who underwent aneurysm clipping but not FLT was recruited as a negative control.

Results
Seventeen patients consented to study participation. In the 15 patients who underwent aneurysm clipping and FLT, and the negative control patient who underwent aneurysm clipping but not FLT, the contrast agent followed the normal ventricular pathway from the lateral ventricles into the fourth ventricle, and did not appear in the basal cisterns. In the positive control patient, the contrast agent robustly and immediately filled the basal cisterns.

Conclusions
Fenestration of the lamina terminalis did not result in functional patency of the lamina terminalis when performed as part of surgical clipping for ruptured aneurysms.
United Kingdom 30-day mortality rates after surgery for pediatric central nervous system tumors
Authors: O'Kane Roddy , Mathew Ryan , Kenny Tom , Stiller Charles , Chumas Paul 
Published: June 2013

Object
In an increasing culture of medical accountability, 30-day operative mortality rates remain one of the most objective measurements reported for the surgical field. The authors report population-based 30-day postoperative mortality rates among children who had undergone CNS tumor surgery in the United Kingdom.

Methods
To determine overall 30-day operative mortality rates, the authors analyzed the National Registry of Childhood Tumors for CNS tumors for the period 2004–2007. The operative mortality rate for each tumor category was derived. In addition, comparison was made with the 30-day operative mortality rates after CNS tumor surgery reported in the contemporary literature. Finally, by use of a funnel plot, institutional performance for 30-day operative mortality was compared for all units across the United Kingdom.

Results
The overall 30-day operative mortality rate for children undergoing CNS tumor surgery in the United Kingdom during the study period was 2.7%. When only malignant CNS tumors were analyzed, the rate increased to 3.5%. One third of the deaths occurred after discharge from the hospital in which the surgery had been performed. The highest 30-day operative mortality rate (19%) was for patients with choroid plexus carcinomas. A total of 20 institutions performed CNS tumor surgery during the study period. Rates for all institutions fell within 2 SDs. No trend associating operative mortality rates and institutional volume was found. In comparison, review of the contemporary literature suggests that the postoperative mortality rate should be approximately 1%.

Conclusions
The authors believe this to be the first report of national 30-day surgical mortality rates specifically for children with CNS tumors. The study raises questions about the 30-day mortality rate among children undergoing surgery for CNS tumors. International consensus should be reached on a minimum data set for outcomes and should include 30-day operative mortality rates.
Validation and modification of a predictive model of postresection hydrocephalus in pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors
Authors: Foreman Paul , McClugage Samuel , Naftel Robert , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Ditty Benjamin J. , Agee Bonita S. , Riva-Cambrin Jay , Wellons John 
Published: June 2013

Object
Postresection hydrocephalus is observed in approximately 30% of pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors. However, which patients will develop postresection hydrocephalus is not known. The Canadian Preoperative Prediction Rule for Hydrocephalus (CPPRH) was developed in an attempt to identify this subset of patients, allowing for the optimization of their care. The authors sought to validate and critically appraise the CPPRH.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of 99 consecutive pediatric patients who presented between 2002 and 2010 with posterior fossa tumors and who subsequently underwent resection. The data were then analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses, and a modified CPPRH (mCPPRH) was applied.

Results
Seventy-six patients were evaluated. Four variables were found to be significant in predicting postresection hydrocephalus: age younger than 2 years, moderate/severe hydrocephalus, preoperative tumor diagnosis, and transependymal edema. The mCPPRH produced observed likelihood ratios of 0.737 (95% CI 0.526–1.032) and 4.688 (95% CI 1.421–15.463) for low- and high-risk groups, respectively.

Conclusions
The mCPPRH utilizes readily obtainable and reliable preoperative variables that together stratify children with posterior fossa tumors into high- and low-risk categories for the development of postresection hydrocephalus. This new predictive model will aid patient counseling and tailor the intensity of postoperative clinical and radiographic monitoring for hydrocephalus, as well as provide evidence-based guidance for the use of prophylactic CSF diversion.
The impact of early recovery on long-term outcomes in a cohort of patients undergoing prolonged nonoperative treatment for lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Cowperthwaite Matthew C. , van den Hout Wilbert B. , Webb K. Michael 
Published: June 2013

Object
The authors comprehensively studied the recovery of individual patients undergoing treatment for lumbar disc herniation. The primary goal was to gain insight into the variability of individual patient utility scores within a treatment cohort. The secondary goal was to determine how the rates and variability of patient recovery over time, represented by improvement in utility scores, affected long-term patient outcomes.

Methods
EuroQol Group–5 Dimension (EQ-5D) scores were obtained at baseline and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 26, 38, and 52 weeks for 93 patients treated under a prolonged conservative care protocol for lumbar disc herniation. Gaussian kernel densities were used to estimate the distribution of utility scores at each time point. Logistic regression and multistate Markov models were used to characterize individual patient improvement over time. Fisher exact tests were used to compare the distribution of EQ-5D domain scores.

Results
The distribution of utility scores was bimodal at 1 year and effectively sorted patients into a “higher” utility group (EQ-5D = 1; 43% of cohort) and a “lower” utility group (EQ-5D ≤ 0.86; 57% of cohort). Fisher exact tests revealed that pain/discomfort, mobility, and usual activities significantly differed between the 2 utility groups (p ≪ 0.001). The utility groups emerged at 8 weeks and were stable for the remainder of the treatment period. Using utility scores from 8 weeks, regression models predicted 1-year outcomes with 62% accuracy.

Conclusions
This study is the first to comprehensively consider the utility recovery of individual patients within a treatment cohort for lumbar disc herniation. The results suggest that most utility is recovered during the early treatment period. Moreover, the findings suggest that initial improvement is critical to a patient's long-term outcome: patients who do not experience significant initial recovery appear unlikely to do so at a later time under the same treatment protocol.
Isolation and characterization of 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Juglans mandshurica (Juglandaceae)
Authors: Chen Chang‐Mei , Han Shi‐Jie , Yuan Shu‐Sheng , Wang Chun‐Jing , Yu Jing‐Hua 
Published: June 2013

• Premise of the study: Fifty microsatellite loci were developed for the endangered species Juglans mandshurica to investigate its genetic diversity and population structure.• Methods and Results: In all, 50 microsatellite markers were isolated from J. mandshurica, using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining repeats (FIASCO) protocol. Twenty of these polymorphic markers were assessed in samples collected from 98 individuals among five populations in northeastern China. Across all of the J. mandshurica samples, the number of alleles per locus ranged from one to 17.• Conclusions: These new microsatellite loci will be useful for conservation genetics studies of J. mandshurica.
Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Phyllostachys edulis (Poaceae), an important bamboo species in China
Authors: Jiang Wei‐Xin , Zhang Wen‐Ju , Ding Yu‐Long 
Published: June 2013

• Premise of the study: Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Phyllostachys edulis (Poaceae), an ecologically and economically important bamboo species in China, to evaluate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of P. edulis and other Phyllostachys species.• Methods and Results: Twenty microsatellite markers were developed and their polymorphisms were tested on 71 samples from three geographically disparate populations. Each locus exhibited between two and 10 alleles with an average of five alleles. Excluding monomorphic loci, observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from zero to one and from 0.041 to 0.676, respectively.• Conclusions: These 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci will be useful for studies on the molecular ecology, population genetics, and conservation of P. edulis.
Microsatellite markers for the yam bean Pachyrhizus (Fabaceae)
Authors: Delêtre Marc , Soengas Beatriz , Utge José , Lambourdière Josie , Sørensen Marten 
Published: June 2013

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were developed for the understudied root crop yam bean (Pachyrhizus spp.) to investigate intraspecific diversity and interspecific relationships within the genus Pachyrhizus.• Methods and Results: Seventeen nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with perfect di‐ and trinucleotide repeats were developed from 454 pyrosequencing of SSR‐enriched genomic libraries. Loci were characterized in P. ahipa and wild and cultivated populations of four closely related species. All loci successfully cross‐amplified and showed high levels of polymorphism, with number of alleles ranging from three to 12 and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.095 to 0.831 across the genus.• Conclusions: By enabling rapid assessment of genetic diversity in three native neotropical crops, P. ahipa, P. erosus, and P. tuberosus, and two wild relatives, P. ferrugineus and P. panamensis, these markers will allow exploration of the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of the genus Pachyrhizus.
Inhibition of Myosin Light Chain Kinase Can be Targeted for the Development of New Therapies against Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Infection
Authors: Antoine Thessicar E , Shukla Deepak 
Published: June 2013

Background Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide. Through a multistep process, HSV-1 enters into naturally susceptible human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells where it establishes an optimal environment for viral replication and spread. HSV-1 employment of cytoskeletal proteins, kinases, and cell signalling pathways is crucial for the entry process. Methods Here we demonstrate that non-muscle myosin IIA (NM-IIA) and/or a myosin activating kinase, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), can be targeted for the development of new and effective therapies against HSV-1. HCE cells were incubated with MLCK inhibitors ML-7 and ML-9 and NM-IIA inhibitor blebbistatin. Following the application of inhibitors, HSV-1 entry and spread to neighbouring HCE cells was evaluated. Results Upon application of MLCK inhibitors ML-7 and ML-9 and NM-IIA inhibitor blebbistatin, HSV-1 entry into HCE cells was significantly decreased. Furthermore, dramatic impairment of glycoprotein-mediated membrane fusion was seen in cells treated with MLCK inhibitors, thus establishing a role for MLCK activation in cell-to-cell fusion and multinucleated syncytial cell formation. These results also indicate that the activation of motor protein NM-IIA by MLCK is crucial for cytoskeletal changes required for HSV-1 infection of corneal cells. Conclusions We provide new evidence that NM-IIA and MLCK can be used as effective antiviral targets against ocular herpes.
Red-figure vases in the FYR Macedonia
Authors: Sanev Goran 
Published: June 2013

La céramique grecque à figures rouges trouvée dans l’Ancienne République Yougoslave de Macédoine (ARYM) a été étudiée ces six dernières décennies essentiellement sur les artefacts des sites situés le long du fleuve Vardar (Axios). Les plus connus du public international sont ceux trouvés à Demir Kapija, dans les années 1950. Leurs formes, décorations et qualités sont comparables à ceux des objets provenant des ateliers les plus connus d’Athènes. Citons, par exemple, l’hydrie du peintre de Meidias, deux lécythes blancs du peintre Reed, des skyphoi à la manière du groupe du « Fat Boy », et d’autres vases parmi lesquels un grand nombre de petits lécythes aryballistiques peints par différents artistes. Les recherches approfondies menées ces vingt dernières années ont considérablement enrichi nos connaissances sur la céramique grecque à figures rouges dans l’ARY de Macédoine, sur son origine et sa dissémination sur le territoire national.
Sunt lacrimae rerum (Virgile, Énéide, I, v. 462). La mémoire, l'image et les signes
Authors: Gros Pierre 
Published: June 2013

La quinzième livraison des Studia erudita , la prestigieuse série de Pise, regroupe quelque quarante-huit articles et essais publiés par Mario Torelli au cours de ces dernières décennies. Malgré la diversité des thèmes, qui vont de l’archaïsme grec à la fin de l’Empire romain, ils ont un objectif commun : restituer la ou les significations que les monuments et les œuvres d’art eurent en leur temps, et pour lesquelles ils ont été conçus. Les méthodes interdisciplinaires qui permettent cette démarche herméneutique font un large usage des nouvelles perspectives ouvertes par l’anthropologie, la sociologie et la sémiologie, sans oublier les disciplines traditionnellement liées à l’analyse archéologique, qu’elles soient littéraires, épigraphiques, iconographiques ou topographiques. Le recueil contient deux parties, dont la première s’attache au déchiffrement du langage de l’architecture, la seconde prenant en considération celui des images.
La représentation politique
Authors: Pitkin Hanna F. , Hayat Samuel 
Published: June 2013

Résumé Représenter de façon substantielle veut dire agir dans l’intérêt des représentés, d’une manière qui soit réactive à leurs souhaits. Ceci peut être pensé et fait de nombreuses manières, mais il ne faut jamais que le représentant soit un expert indépendant ou un simple commis. Au niveau politique, cette définition de la représentation a plusieurs implications. D’abord, le représentant n’est ni l’agent de sa circonscription, ni un gouvernant national sans ancrage local : c’est l’interaction entre représentants locaux qui permet la création de l’intérêt national. Ensuite, la représentation politique n’est pas une propriété individuelle, mais une propriété du système, qui doit permettre la réactivité. Enfin, la diversité des visions valides de la représentation ne signifie pas que n’importe quel gouvernement est représentatif : pour que l’on puisse parler de gouvernement représentatif, il faut qu’il y ait une institutionnalisation de la réactivité au peuple, en premier lieu par des élections libres. Cependant, cette institutionnalisation ne suffit pas : il faut aussi garder à l’esprit la représentation comme idéal, pour sans cesse juger et réformer les institutions de représentation.
La dimension affective de la démocratie
Authors: Göhler Gerhard , Pégny Gaëtan , Sintomer Yves 
Published: June 2013

Résumé Les sentiments et les émotions n’ont semble-t-il rien à faire dans la délibération. Dans les conceptions de la démocratie délibérative inspirées par Habermas, seule compte la dimension cognitive de la rationalité. Ce rétrécissement est problématique. Si toute communauté et donc aussi toute forme de démocratie repose sur la représentation symbolique de ses valeurs (Eric Voegelin, Siegfried Landshut, Carl Schmitt), cette présence symbolique est toujours à la fois cognitive et affective, car les symboles sont toujours doublement connotés. Dans de telles conditions, perd-on la rationalité de la délibération ? Cette conclusion serait fâcheuse, mais elle ne semble pas obligatoire. Il s’agit bien plutôt de déterminer d’une nouvelle manière – plus réaliste – la délibération et sa rationalité, en prenant en compte sa symbolicité.
Michel Foucault en die historisering van Anderswees
Authors: Beukes Johann C. 
Published: June 2013

Michel Foucault and the historization of Otherness In this article the intimate relation between power, history and historiography is explored within the context of the postmodem philosophy/ historiography of Michel Foucault. Foucault confronts us with a timeless question: do we recognize our own dicourses of power? Do we recognize the Other, the victims of instrumental reason? At the end of the Middle Ages leprosy disappeared from the face of the earth.(Michel Foucault: Opening sentence in Madness and Civilization)