bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Squamous cell carcinomas in chronic venous leg ulcers. Data of the German Marjolin Registry and review
Authors: Reich‐Schupke Stefanie , Doerler Martin , Wollina Uwe , Dissemond Joachim , Horn Thomas , Strölin Anke , Erfurt‐Berge Cornelia , Stücker Markus 
Published: September 2015

SummaryBackgroundSecondary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare complication of chronic venous leg ulcers. So far, little is known about its pathophysiology and clinical behavior. Initiated by the working group “Wound Healing” (AGW) of the German Society of Dermatology (DDG), it is the objective of the current Marjolin registry to collect cases of SCC arising in venous ulcers, in order to evaluate diagnostic characteristics.Patients and MethodsAll members of the AGW received questionnaires inquiring about basic patient data, ulcer characteristics, and therapy conducted.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2013, 30 patients (20 women, 10 men) from six tertiary wound care centers were registered. Mean age was 76.17 years. The average duration of venous leg ulcers prior to SCC diagnosis was 15.93 years. Suspicious wound characteristics primarily included: pain (n = 3), therapy resistance (n = 27), and fetor (n = 12) as well as clinical appearance (n = 10) with atypical morphology, nodular wound bed, and hypergranulation.ConclusionsAtypical morphology or changes in appearance as well as therapy resistance despite optimal care (6–12 weeks) should prompt physicians to take spindle‐shaped, if necessary multiple and serial, biopsies. Primary risk factors for malignant transformation include patient age and ulcer duration.
Use of traction screw to aid in fracture reduction in bilateral parasymphysis fracture of mandible
Authors: Jaisani Mehul R , Pradhan Leeza , Dongol Ashok , Acharaya Pradeep , Sagtani Alok 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTreatment of bilateral parasymphysis fracture often requires special attention due to airway considerations and difficulty in achieving precise anatomic reduction. The central fracture fragment is often displaced posteriorly and inferiorly due to muscle pull, and this adds to difficulty in reduction and stabilization of the central fracture fragment during plate fixation. With this article, we advocate a technique using stainless steel screw and self‐holding screwdriver to manipulate the central fragment and achieve an anatomic reduction. We have used this technique in 12 patients with bilateral parasymphysis fracture without any complications and have found it very effective.
Survival of cabbage stem flea beetle larvae, Psylliodes chrysocephala, exposed to low temperatures
Authors: Mathiasen H. , Bligaard J. , Esbjerg P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe cabbage stem flea beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of winter oilseed rape. The larvae live throughout winter in leaf petioles and stems. Winter temperatures might play an important role in survival during winter and hence population dynamics, yet to what degree is unknown. This study investigates the effect of exposure time, cold acclimation, and larval stage on survival at −5 and −10 °C. Exposure time at −5 °C was 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days and 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h at −10 °C. Mortality increased with increasing exposure time and was significantly lower for cold‐acclimated larvae. Estimated time until an expected mortality of 50% (LT50) and 90% (LT90) of larvae exposed to −5 °C was 7.4 and 9.6 days (non‐acclimated) and 11.0 and 15.1 days (acclimated), respectively. Estimated LT50 for non‐acclimated and acclimated larvae exposed to −10 °C was 32.6 and 70.5 h, respectively, and estimated LT90 66.8 and 132.2 h. Significant differences in mortality between larval stages were observed only at −5 °C. When exposed to −5 °C for 8 days, mortality of first and second instars was 81.2 and 51.3%, respectively. When exposed to −10 °C for 2 days, mortality of first and second instars was 70.5 and 76.1%. Data on winter temperatures in Denmark from 1990 to 2013 showed that larvae were rarely exposed to a number of continuous days at −5 or −10 °C causing a potential larval mortality of 50–90%.
Association between CMYA5 gene polymorphisms and risk of schizophrenia in Uygur population and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Shuxian , An Zhiguo , Luo Xiao , Zhang Lili , Zhong Xianjiang , Du Wen , Yi Qizhong , Shi Yongyong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimPrevious evidence has found that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cardiomyopathy‐associated 5 gene (CMYA5) were associated with schizophrenia in the Caucasian and Chinese Han populations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between CMYA5 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Chinese Uygur population and perform a meta‐analysis to synthetically analyse the association of CMYA5 gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia in Asian populations.MethodWe retrospectively analysed 985 schizophrenia cases and 1123 healthy controls in Chinese Uygur population. Four SNPs (rs259127, rs3828611, rs4704591 and rs6883197) of CMYA5 were genotyped using TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Meta‐analysis was conducted across Asian studies by Review Manager 5.2.ResultsResults showed no significant difference in either allelic or genotypic frequency in four SNPs of the CMYA5 gene between cases and controls (P > 0.05). However, the age of onset and the PANSS positive‐factor subscale score were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients with the A/A genotype of rs6883197 than those with A/G and G/G genotypes (P < 0.05). In addition, the meta‐analysis showed the significant association of rs3828611 with risk of schizophrenia (P = 0.03, OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.91–0.99).ConclusionsOur results support the association between CMYA5 rs6883197 and schizophrenia in Chinese Uygur population. Meta‐analysis demonstrated that rs3828611 was significantly associated with schizophrenia in Asian population. Genetic heterogeneity among populations may be the main reason of results conflict between studies. In conclusion, association between CMYA5 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia was confirmed in Asian population.
Conservative treatment of acquired oesophageal strictures by endoscopic‐guided balloon dilation in two horses
Authors: Stucchi L. , Zucca E. , Stancari G. , Conturba B. , Roncon S. , Ferro E. , Gualtieri M. , Ferrucci F. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryOesophageal stricture is an uncommon condition in horses that results in an obstructive syndrome with regurgitation of food and possible aspiration pneumonia. Currently, in both human and small animal practice, one of the preferred treatment options for oesophageal strictures consists of pneumatic or hydrostatic balloon dilation. The aim of this article is to report 2 cases of severe oesophageal stricture in the horse, successfully treated with endoscopic‐guided hydrostatic balloon dilation.
Generic medicines: issues and relevance for global health
Authors: Rana Proteesh , Roy Vandana 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGeneric medicine is a pharmaceutical product which is bioequivalent to the innovator product in terms of dosage form, strength, route of administration, quality, safety, performance characteristics, and intended use. Generic medicines are a cornerstone for providing affordable medicines to patients. The major generic markets in the world include United States of America followed by European Union, Canada, Japan, and Australia. The major suppliers of generic medicines China and India are showing tremendous growth in the generic medicine sector. There are many legal and regulatory issues along with quality concerns associated with the use of the generic products. Lately, bilateral international agreements called free trade agreements, delaying tactics by originator companies like strategic patenting and litigations on generic manufacturers, have been a major setback for the generic medicine industry. These issues need to be addressed to optimize the use of generic medicines. The sustainability of generic medicine sector is crucial for improving access to essential medicines for the worldwide.
Are ciprofloxacin dosage regimens adequate for antimicrobial efficacy and prevention of resistance? Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection in elderly patients as a simulation case study
Authors: Cazaubon Yoann , Bourguignon Laurent , Goutelle Sylvain , Martin Olivier , Maire Pascal , Ducher Michel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of this work was to define the optimal dosage (OD) of ciprofloxacin in order to prevent the emergence of bacterial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a geriatric population with a bloodstream infection. A thousand pharmacokinetic profiles were simulated with a ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetic model from the literature. Three dosing regimens were tested for five days: once daily (QD), twice daily (BID), and thrice daily (TID). First of all, effective dosages (ED) of ciprofloxacin were defined as those achieving a target AUC24/MIC ≥ 125. Then, these ED were simulated in order to calculate the percentage of time spent within the mutant selection window (TMSW) and to select optimal dosage (OD) defined as those achieving TMSW ≤ 20%. Based on the AUC24/MIC, for low MICs (0.125 μg/mL), all dosing regimens recommended by French guidelines were effective. For intermediate MICs (0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL), simulated doses higher than those recommended were needed to achieve the efficacy target. About prevention of resistance for low MICs, dosages recommended were only effective in patients with creatinine clearance (CLCR) ≥ 60 mL/min. For intermediate MICs, dosages higher than recommended were needed to achieve the optimality target. This study shows that current ciprofloxacin dosing guidelines have not been optimized to prevent the emergence of bacterial resistance, especially in geriatric patients with mild to severe renal impairment. To achieve both efficacy and prevention of resistance, ciprofloxacin dosages greater than those recommended would be needed. Tolerance of such higher doses needs to be evaluated in clinical studies.
Hypointense hepatocellular carcinomas on apparent diffusion coefficient mapping: Pathological features and metastatic recurrence after hepatectomy
Authors: Mori Yoshiyuki , Tamai Hideyuki , Shingaki Naoki , Hayami Shinya , Ueno Masaki , Maeda Yoshimasa , Moribata Kosaku , Deguchi Hisanobu , Niwa Toru , Inoue Izumi , Maekita Takao , Iguchi Mikitaka , Kato Jun , Terada Masaki , Yamaue Hiroki , Ichinose Masao 
Published: September 2015

AimThe present study aimed to evaluate pathological features of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) appearing hypointense on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, and to elucidate the association between the signal intensity on the ADC map and metastatic recurrences after hepatectomy.MethodsIn total, 52 consecutive patients with initial hypervascular HCC (solitary lesion ≤5 cm in diameter) without vascular invasion on imaging were examined by diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging before hepatectomy. The signal intensities of HCC on the ADC map were visually compared with the surrounding liver and categorized as hypointense or non‐hypointense. Intrahepatic metastatic recurrence was defined as more than three intrahepatic recurrences.ResultsThe 52 HCC were evaluated as 26 hypointense and 26 non‐hypointense tumors. No significant differences between the hypointense and non‐hypointense groups were seen for age, sex, etiology, tumor size and tumor marker levels. However, in resected specimens, significant differences between the two groups were noted for histological grade and microscopic portal invasion. The percentages of poorly differentiated HCC and microscopic portal invasion in the hypointense group were significantly higher than those in the non‐hypointense group. The cumulative 3‐year metastatic recurrence rates of the hypointense and non‐hypointense groups on the ADC map were 56% and 13% (P = 0.001), respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated that hypointensity on the ADC map was the only independent factor related to metastatic recurrence.ConclusionHypointense HCC on ADC mapping are characterized by poor histological differentiation and more frequent microscopic portal invasion, and are significantly associated with metastatic recurrences after hepatectomy.
Validation of digital pathology imaging for primary histopathological diagnosis
Authors: Snead David R J , Tsang Yee‐Wah , Meskiri Aisha , Kimani Peter K , Crossman Richard , Rajpoot Nasir M , Blessing Elaine , Chen Klaus , Gopalakrishnan Kishore , Matthews Paul , Momtahan Navid , Read‐Jones Sarah , Sah Shatrughan , Simmons Emma , Sinha Bidisa , Suortamo Sari , Yeo Yen , El Daly Hesham , Cree Ian A 
Published: September 2015

AimsDigital pathology (DP) offers advantages over glass slide microscopy (GS), but data demonstrating a statistically valid equivalent (i.e. non‐inferior) performance of DP against GS are required to permit its use in diagnosis. The aim of this study is to provide evidence of non‐inferiority.Methods and resultsSeventeen pathologists re‐reported 3017 cases by DP. Of these, 1009 were re‐reported by the same pathologist, and 2008 by a different pathologist. Re‐examination of 10 138 scanned slides (2.22 terabytes) produced 72 variances between GS and DP reports, including 21 clinically significant variances. Ground truth lay with GS in 12 cases and with DP in nine cases. These results are within the 95% confidence interval for existing intraobserver and interobserver variability, proving that DP is non‐inferior to GS. In three cases, the digital platform was deemed to be responsible for the variance, including a gastric biopsy, where Helicobacter pylori only became visible on slides scanned at the ×60 setting, and a bronchial biopsy and penile biopsy, where dysplasia was reported on DP but was not present on GS.ConclusionsThis is one of the largest studies proving that DP is equivalent to GS for the diagnosis of histopathology specimens. Error rates are similar in both platforms, although some problems e.g. detection of bacteria, are predictable.
Alternatives to restrictive feeding practices to promote self‐regulation in childhood: a developmental perspective
Authors: Rollins B. Y. , Savage J. S. , Fisher J. O. , Birch L. L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntake of energy‐dense snack foods is high among US children. Although the use of restrictive feeding practices has been shown to be counterproductive, there is very limited evidence for effective alternatives to restriction that help children moderate their intake of these foods and that facilitate the development of self‐regulation in childhood. The developmental literature on parenting and child outcomes may provide insights into alternatives to restrictive feeding practices. This review paper uses a model of parental control from the child development and parenting literatures to (i) operationally define restrictive feeding practices; (ii) summarize current evidence for antecedents and effects of parental restriction use on children's eating behaviours and weight status, and (iii) highlight alternative feeding practices that may facilitate the development of children's self‐regulation and moderate children's intake of palatable snack foods. We also discuss recent empirical evidence highlighting the role of child temperament and food motivation related behaviours as factors that prompt parents to use restrictive feeding practices and, yet, may increase children's dysregulated intake of forbidden foods.
The Investigation of the Phenomenological YIG Phase Formation Within 1000°C to 1250°C: A Kinetic Approach
Authors: Wan Ali Wan Fahmin Faiz , Othman Mohamadariff , Ain Mohd Fadzil , Abdullah Norazharuddin Shah , Ahmad Zainal Arifin 
Published: September 2015

Presence of unwanted phase(s) such as yttrium iron perovskite (YIP) in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) ceramics has limited the utilization of YIG in the wireless communication domain. These unwanted phase(s) have been deemed responsible for the high dielectric losses, thus contributing to poor performance. This paper focuses on understanding the phenomenological phase transformation during the conventional solid state synthesis of YIG. This is done in order to monitor conditions which favor formation of unwanted phase(s), which shall later be reduced. The phase changes during YIG formation as a function of reaction times and temperatures were determined through XRD analysis. The amounts of YIG formed at various reaction times were fitted into various kinetic models in order to mathematically link what occurs experimentally to the available theoretical descriptions of reactions. It is found that the Ginstling‐Brounstein‐Habert (GBH) model exhibited good mathematical correlation to the formation of YIG. Meanwhile the activation energy (Ea) indicated 490 kJ/mol is required for the formation of YIG. At the end, a reaction model and mechanism between Fe2O3 and Y2O3 were established and illustrated to underline the effect of diffusion controlled environment on the formation of phases in YIG ceramics.
Inhibition of TRPC6 by protein kinase C isoforms in cultured human podocytes
Authors: Ambrus Lídia , Oláh Attila , Oláh Tamás , Balla György , Saleem Moin A. , Orosz Petronella , Zsuga Judit , Bíró Klára , Csernoch László , Bíró Tamás , Szabó Tamás 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTransient receptor potential canonical‐6 (TRPC6) ion channels, expressed at high levels in podocytes of the filtration barrier, are recently implicated in the pathogenesis of various forms of proteinuric kidney diseases. Indeed, inherited or acquired up‐regulation of TRPC6 activities are suggested to play a role in podocytopathies. Yet, we possess limited information about the regulation of TRPC6 in human podocytes. Therefore, in this study, we aimed at defining how the protein kinase C (PKC) system, one of the key intracellular signalling pathways, regulates TRPC6 function and expression. On human differentiated podocytes, we identified the molecular expressions of both TRPC6 and several PKC isoforms. We also showed that TRPC6 channels are functional since the TRPC6 activator 1‐oleoyl‐2‐acetyl‐sn‐glycerol (OAG) induced Ca2+‐influx to the cells. By assessing the regulatory roles of the PKCs, we found that inhibitors of the endogenous activities of classical and novel PKC isoforms markedly augmented TRPC6 activities. In contrast, activation of the PKC system by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) exerted inhibitory actions on TRPC6 and suppressed its expression. Importantly, PMA treatment markedly down‐regulated the expression levels of PKCα, PKCβ, and PKCη reflecting their activation. Taken together, these results indicate that the PKC system exhibits a ‘tonic’ inhibition on TRPC6 activity in human podocytes suggesting that pathological conditions altering the expression and/or activation patterns of podocyte‐expressed PKCs may influence TRPC6 activity and hence podocyte functions. Therefore, it is proposed that targeted manipulation of certain PKC isoforms might be beneficial in certain proteinuric kidney diseases with altered TRPC6 functions.
In vivo confocal microscopic substrate of grey colour in melanosis
Authors: Cinotti E. , Couzan C. , Perrot J.L. , Habougit C. , Labeille B. , Cambazard F. , Moscarella E. , Kyrgidis A. , Argenziano G. , Pellacani G. , Longo C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundMelanosis is the most common cause of mucosal pigmentation and can be clinically difficult to differentiate from early melanoma (MM). Dermoscopy can help in the distinction between melanosis and MM, but in some instances, melanoses may exhibit overlapping features with MM such as the presence of grey colour.ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate whether reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can help to better understand the dermoscopic features of melanoses in order to assist clinicians in their diagnosis.MethodsAll melanoses diagnosed between June 2011 and December 2014 in the Departments of Dermatology of the University of Saint‐Etienne (France) and of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italy), for which dermoscopic and RCM images were available, were included. Twenty‐two lesions were biopsied to confirm the clinical diagnosis, whereas the others did not present any change at a follow‐up of at least 6 months. The correlation between dermoscopic and RCM features were evaluated by the Spearman's rho correlation coefficient.Results55 melanoses were studied: 31 of the oral mucosa and 24 of the genital mucosa. 49% (n = 27) of melanoses exhibited a grey colour under dermoscopy. The grey colour correlated with the presence of melanophages under RCM (ρ = 0.424, P = 0.002).ConclusionOur findings highlight that the presence of the grey colour on dermoscopy, considered as an alerting feature, is common in melanoses and it is related to the presence of melanin‐laden inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis on RCM. When it is present as a ‘pure’ feature not associated to other colours than brown or to atypical dermoscopical structures, it could be related to the diagnosis of melanosis.
The Water Metabolism of Socio‐Ecological Systems: Reflections and a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Madrid‐López Cristina , Giampietro Mario 
Published: September 2015

SummaryWater accounting is an unresolved issue in metabolism studies. Through epistemological analysis, we show that the problem resides in the conceptualization of social metabolism. Social metabolism has its origins in the analysis of societal energetics, which has led to an exclusive focus on society and a representation based on linear throughputs at a single scale. Whereas fossil energy resources constitute a mere stock flow for society, water constitutes a set of both funds and flows essential for the maintenance of the internal organization and stability of society and ecosystems. This means that societies and ecosystems need water for different reasons. Consequently, the analysis of water requires the simultaneous adoption of multiple narratives and scales. The development of hydrology toward a socio‐eco‐hydrology (SE‐hydrology) deals with this multidimensionality, but lacks a conceptualization of the coupled human‐water system useful to integrate the assessment of water processes at different rates and scales. We propose a conceptual framework, based on the multiscale integrated analysis of societal and ecosystem metabolism approach, that combines the perspectives of SE‐hydrology and social metabolism. This framework describes society and the embedding ecosystem as two distinct levels of the same hierarchical system (i.e., the socioecological system), expressing two distinct, but tightly interconnected, metabolic patterns (societal and ecosystem) at different spatiotemporal scales. Using food grain production in Punjab as an example, we show that this framework can accommodate the multiple interpretations of social metabolism found in different scientific fields.