bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Une étrange absence. La faible prise en compte des sorties dans les statistiques migratoires
Authors: Legoux Luc , Orain Renaud 
Published: November 2015

<p class="resume">Cette communication souligne l'importance des statistiques d'émigration pour donner une image non biaisée des phénomènes migratoires, tenant compte des migrations circulaires et permettant de distinguer entrées, sorties et solde migratoire des français et des étrangers. Nous mettons en regard les arguments usuellement avancés pour ne publier aucun chiffre d'émigration en France avec les problèmes que pose la publication des statistiques de l'immigration et nous relevons que des chiffres du solde migratoire et de l'émigration française sont bel et bien publiés par Eurostat. Après avoir examiné les hypothèses sur lesquelles ont été construits ces chiffres, nous les confrontons à d'autres sources permettant une première estimation des migrations sortantes depuis le territoire de la France métropolitaine au cours de la période récente (jusqu'en 2011). Pour ce faire, le registre des français établis à l'étranger permet de montrer une certaine cohérence avec les chiffres les plus récents fournis par Eurostat, de même que l'utilisation d'enquêtes nationales pour distinguer les entrées de français et d'étrangers. Il en ressort que les estimations les plus récentes publiées par Eurostat en 2010 semblent réalistes et permettent d'avancer que les sorties d'étrangers représentent un pourcentage de l'ordre de 40 % des entrées en 2010, tandis que le solde des français est légèrement négatif, alimentant une croissance du nombre d'immigrés faiblement supérieure au solde migratoire total.</p>
Le rapport des bons élèves et des élèves en difficultés à la complexité de la philosophie : mesure de leur implication dans les DVP en fonction du niveau de compétences scolaires
Authors: Fiema Gabriela 
Published: November 2015

L’étude du rapport qu’entretiennent des élèves de niveaux scolaires différents envers la pratique de la discussion à visée philosophique nécessite de se pencher sur l’étude des raisonnements et de la pensée collective produits en cours de la discussion. A l’aide d’une analyse interlocutoire, prenant en compte les interactions des discutants ainsi que la qualité des raisonnements philosophiques, nous allons apporter des résultats sur la base d’un échantillon des cinq niveaux scolaires. Nous démontrerons comment la pratique philosophique influe sur la production des raisonnements chez des élèves ayant de bons résultats scolaires et des élèves en difficulté. Nous tenterons de répondre ainsi aux questions suivantes : les compétences scolaires sont-elles en liens avec la qualité des raisonnements produits ? Le rapport des élèves réfractaires à la philosophie peut-il s’expliquer en termes de niveaux scolaires ? Pourquoi une classe de bons élèves au collège a-t-elle souhaité arrêter la philosophie en cours d’année scolaire ?
La question alimentaire dans l’action publique locale. Analyse croisée des trajectoires municipales de Paris et de Brive-la-Gaillarde
Authors: Bognon Sabine , Marty Pauline 
Published: November 2015

Au début du 20e siècle, les systèmes alimentaires urbains en France étaient marqués par un régime de fonctionnement centralisé et gouverné en grande partie par des décideurs relevant de la sphère publique et urbaine. Depuis les années 1950, l’approvisionnement alimentaire urbain est devenu un enjeu commercial, laissé à la gestion opaque des acteurs privés et règlementé ad minima par les pouvoirs publics. Plus récemment, à partir des années 2000, les logiques agro-industrielles et commerciales sont réinterrogés à l’aune des principes du développement durable, par des actions individuelles ou collectives, et notamment par l’action publique. Comment, en presque un siècle peut-on raconter et analyser la trajectoire suivie par les systèmes alimentaires urbains ? Et plus particulièrement, de quelle manière l’action publique municipale dans la gouvernance des flux alimentaires a été d’abord évincée et semble entamer un retour cautionné par des initiatives de relocalisation des approvisionnements ? Des réponses à ces questions sont avancées avec l’analyse de deux cas français : l’un à Paris, métropole capitale haut lieu de consommations importantes et spécifiques, et l’autre à Brive-la-Gaillarde, ville moyenne enchâssée dans une région rurale et marché régional d’expéditions agricoles. Nous proposons une analyse croisée de deux politiques municipales contemporaines impliquant une reterritorialisation des approvisionnements qui concernent les marchés forains à Paris et la restauration scolaire à Brive. Il s’agit de dégager les impacts potentiels et avérés de ces initiatives innovantes sur la trajectoire récente de l’approvisionnement urbain.
Exemples d’émergences récentes des maladies vectorielles en Europe : la fièvre catarrhale ovine et Schmallenberg. Cas de la peste équine pour la filière équine
Authors: Zientara Stéphan , Lecollinet Sylvie 
Published: November 2015

Examples of recent emergences of arthropod-borne diseases in europe : bluetongue and Schmallenberg. case of african horse sickness for the equine industry.
Up to 1998, Bluetongue (BT) was regarded as an exotic disease in Europe. In 2006 and 2007, its unexpected spread in Northern Europe has underlined the emergence potential of vector-borne diseases. Impressively, since 2008, nine BT virus serotypes (out of 26 currently described) have been reported in Europe. African Horse Sickness (AHS) is an arthropod-borne disease which only affects the Equidae but which shares many similarities with BT : similar endemic zones in Africa, structure, transmission routes, preventive and control methods, identical or comparable insect vectors (Culicoides). Moreover, at the end of 2011, a novel orthobunyavirus (the Schmallenberg virus – or SBV –), also transmitted by Culicoides midges, was identified in Germany and subsequently spread to all Europe. This paper will describe the analogies between BT, SBV disease and AHS and considering the experience gained through BT and SBV epizootics in Europe, will underline the prevention methods, the strengths and weaknesses of the European systems in facing the probable reemergence of AHS in Europe or France.
Borréliose de Lyme : impact de l’homme sur la persistance et la circulation de Borrelia Burgdorferi sensu lato dans l’environnement
Authors: Boulanger Nathalie , Jaulhac Benoît 
Published: November 2015

La borréliose de Lyme est une infection bactérienne transmise par les tiques dures du genre Ixodes.
C’est avant tout une zoonose qui circule dans un large panel d’hôtes vertébrés sauvages (lézards, oiseaux, rongeurs, cervidés…) et domestiques ; l’homme est un hôte accidentel. Ces dernières années, la notion d’émergence a été évoquée pour cette pathologie, notamment à cause des modifications climatiques. Les raisons sont plus complexes. La pathologie est mieux connue sur un plan médical grâce aux progrès diagnostiques, cliniques et épidémiologiques. De plus, l’analyse des différents facteurs biotiques et abiotiques laissent penser que l’anthropisation des environnements où évoluent les tiques, est responsable de l’émergence des maladies transmises par les tiques dont la borréliose de Lyme. En effet, l’homme modifie pour des raisons socio-économiques surtout, les écosystèmes forestiers et la faune sauvage qui favorisent le développement des populations de tique et donc des maladies qu’elles transmettent.
Surveillance des maladies vectorielles : méthodes, avantages et limites
Authors: Dufour Barbara , Hendrikx Pascal , Leblond Agnès 
Published: November 2015

Monitoring of vector-borne diseases : methods, strengths / weak point.
Recent outbreaks of vector-borne diseases in France over the past decade have illustrated the need for efficient surveillance methods to monitor the onset and / or spread of these diseases. Epidemiological surveillance can detect the emergence of new or exotic diseases or monitor the epidemiological situation of an already established disease in an area to adapt control measures. Epidemiological surveillance can take many forms that can be combined to monitor a disease : Eventdriven surveillance (also called passive surveillance), programmed surveillance (or active surveillance) and syndromic surveillance.
The specificities of the vector-borne diseases surveillance are based on the frequent complexity of their epidemiological cycles and the surveillance of the vectors. Entomological surveillance uses specific methods that are sometimes heavy and expensive to implement. It can track the geographical distribution of vectors, periods of vector activity, but due to a frequently low vector competence, usually cannot monitor diseases transmitted by these vectors.
Le système kisspeptine: au coeur du contrôle de la reproduction
Authors: Beltramo Massimiliano , Dufourny Laurence 
Published: November 2015

Kisspeptin system : into the heart of reproduction control.
Since the discovery of its importance in reproduction, the system formed by the neuropeptide kisspeptin and its receptor (KISS1R) has been the object of intense research activities. The results obtained in mammals show that this system plays an important role in several aspects of reproduction. Considering the extent of available data, we have focused our attention on a limited number of points that allow anyhow drawing a general picture of the field. First, we will illustrate the neuroanatomical and physiological data that permitted to establish that the main action of the system is the regulation of GnRH neurons and of their secretion patterns (pulsatile or surge). Then we will describe evidence for the implication of this system in initiating puberty and triggering ovulation. Finally, we will sketch a picture of the possible applications of Kp system modulation to better manage reproduction or to treat pathologies of the reproductive system either in veterinary or human medicine.
Accelerated Bidirectional Modifications of the Steepest Descent Method for Ill-posed Linear Algebraic Systems with Dynamics-theoretical and Optimization Interpretation
Authors: Liu Li-Wei , Hong Hong-Ki , Liu Chein-Shan 
Published: November 2015

<p>It is well known that the classical numerical algorithm of the steepest descent method (SDM) is effective for well-posed linear systems, but performs poorly for ill-posed ones. In this paper we propose accelerated and/or bidirectional modifications of SDM, namely the accelerated steepest descent method (ASDM), the bidirectional method (2DM), and the accelerated bidirectional method (A2DM). The starting point is a manifold defined in terms of a minimum functional and a fictitious time variable; nevertheless, in the end the fictitious time variable disappears so that we arrive at purely iterative algorithms. The proposed algorithms are justified by dynamics-theoretical and optimization interpretation. The accelerator plays a prominent role of switching from the situation of slow convergence to a new situation that the functional tends to decrease stepwise in an intermittent and ceaseless manner. Three examples of solving ill-posed systems are examined and comparisons are made with exact solutions and with the existing algorithms of the SDM, the Barzilai-Borwein method, and the random SDM, revealing that the new algorithms of ASDM and A2DM have better computational efficiency and accuracy even for the highly ill-posed systems.</p>
An analytical approach to automotive industry
Authors: Ülkü İlayda , Bulkan Serol , Üneyyüksektepe Fadime 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInventory control helps to manage or locate materials and any information through the processes in the company. The aim of the inventory management in the companies is to optimize inventory control. Especially, for the manufacturing companies, inventory control has an important goal which satisfies the product to the customer on time. Therefore, the system in the production processes should not have any trouble during the production. This study aims to optimize the production system of a two stage production processes where the bumpers are produced for different type of cars and different colors due to the model of the car. In the first stage there are three injection machines which are parallel, and in the second stage, there is a dying station. A mixedinteger linear programming model is proposed to optimize the production process. With the proposed model, the production of the injection processes is optimized and the lot sizes for each stage are determined. Also, front and back bumpers for each same model is dyed concurrently which prevents the color difference for the same model of each type of car.
Neotectonics of the Western Nepal Fault System: Implications for Himalayan strain partitioning
Authors: Silver Calvin R. P. , Murphy Michael A. , Taylor Michael H. , Gosse John , Baltz Thomas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOblique convergence at the Himalayan margin is hypothesized to be partitioned by orogen‐normal thrusting and orogen‐parallel strike‐slip faulting. We conducted field mapping and remote sensing in the Dhaulagiri Range of Nepal, and the results reveal an active regional fault system termed the Western Nepal Fault System (WNFS). Right and normally offset Quaternary deposits and brittly deformed bedrock demarcate dextral slip along two strike‐slip faults striking N40–50°W linked via an extensional right step over striking N10–20°E. The strike‐slip attitudes subparallel bedrock foliation, while the step over cuts at a high angle (~70°). Fault slip data along the strike‐slip segments trend N70°W with minor dip component, top to north. Fault slip data and observed kinematics along the WNFS support our interpretation that the WNFS formed via arc‐parallel stress. On the basis of geometry, kinematics, and structural position we correlate the WNFS to active faults between the Karakoram and Bari Gad faults. This suggests an ~350 km long dextral fault system extending obliquely across the Western Nepal Himalaya which appears to intersect the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) near 83°30′E, coinciding with a large gradient in the arc‐parallel component of GPS velocities. We interpret the WNFS to represent a class of orogen‐parallel strike‐slip faults working with subduction to accommodate obliquely convergent plate motion. Our observations support the hypothesis that the region lying between the MFT and the WNFS is a continental version of a fore‐arc sliver bounded at its base by the Main Himalayan Thrust.
In‐flight calibration of NOAA POES proton detectors—Derivation of the MEPED correction factors
Authors: Sandanger Marit Irene , Ødegaard Linn‐Kristine Glesnes , Nesse Tyssøy Hilde , Stadsnes Johan , Søraas Finn , Oksavik Kjellmar , Aarsnes Kjell 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe MEPED instruments on board the NOAA POES and MetOp satellites have been continuously measuring energetic particles in the magnetosphere since 1978. However, degradation of the proton detectors over time leads to an increase in the energy thresholds of the instrument and imposes great challenges to studies of long‐term variability in the near‐Earth space environment as well as a general quantification of the proton fluxes. By comparing monthly mean accumulated integral flux from a new and an old satellite at the same magnetic local time (MLT) and time period, we estimate the change in energy thresholds. The first 12 monthly energy spectra of the new satellite are used as a reference, and the derived monthly correction factors over a year for an old satellite show a small spread, indicating a robust calibration procedure. The method enables us to determine for the first time the correction factors also for the highest‐energy channels of the proton detector. In addition, we make use of the newest satellite in orbit (MetOp‐01) to find correction factors for 2013 for the NOAA 17 and MetOp‐02 satellites. Without taking into account the level of degradation, the proton data from one satellite cannot be used quantitatively for more than 2 to 3 years after launch. As the electron detectors are vulnerable to contamination from energetic protons, the corrected proton measurements will be of value for electron flux measurements too. Thus, the correction factors ensure the correctness of both the proton and electron measurements.
Oxygen dynamics in a boreal lake responds to long‐term changes in climate, ice phenology, and DOC inputs
Authors: Couture Raoul‐Marie , de Wit Heleen A. , Tominaga Koji , Kiuru Petri , Markelov Igor 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBoreal lakes are impacted by climate change, reduced acid deposition, and changing loads of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from catchments. We explored, using the process‐based lake model MyLake, how changes in these pressures modulate ice phenology and the dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) of a small boreal humic lake. The model was parametrized against year‐round time series of water temperature and DO from a lake buoy. Observed trends in air temperature (+0.045°C yr−1) and DOC concentration (0.11 mg C L−1 yr−1, +1% annually) over the past 40 years were used as model forcings. A backcast of ice freezing and breakup dates revealed that ice breakup occurred on average 8 days earlier in 2014 than in 1974. The earlier ice breakup enhanced water column ventilation resulting in higher DO in the spring. Warmer water in late summer led to longer anoxic periods, as microbial DOC turnover increased. A long‐term increase in DOC concentrations caused a decline in lake DO, leading to 15% more hypoxic days (<3 mg L−1) and 10% more anoxic days (<15 µg L−1) in 2014 than in 1974. We conclude that climate warming and increasing DOC loads are antagonistic with respect to their effect on DO availability. The model suggests that DOC is a stronger driver of DO consumption than temperature. The browning of lakes may thus cause reductions in the oxythermal habitat of fish and aquatic biota in boreal lakes.
Biosafety Oversight and Compliance: What do you Mean, I have to Fill Out Another Form?!
Authors: Petrella Brenda L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis unit is an overview of biosafety compliance and oversight in the United States. Specific attention is given to the oversight of the Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) and how the purview of the IBC may overlap with other local committees, such as the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) for animal research and the Institutional Review Board (IRB) for research on human subjects. Requirements for the Federal Select Agent Program and Dual Use Research of Concern (DURC) are also briefly reviewed for those working with materials and experiments covered under these regulations. This unit serves as a guide for new and established investigators who are navigating the regulatory world and how regulatory oversight applies to their research. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparation of Cell Cultures and Vaccinia Virus Stocks
Authors: Cotter Catherine A. , Earl Patricia L. , Wyatt Linda S. , Moss Bernard 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe culturing of cell lines used with vaccinia virus, both as monolayer and in suspension, is described. The preparation of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) is presented for use in the production of the highly attenuated and host range‐restricted modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) strain of vaccinia virus. Protocols for the preparation, titration, and trypsinization of vaccinia virus stocks, as well as viral DNA preparation and virus purification methods are also included. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enzymatische Synthese von Nukleinsäuren mit definierten regioisomeren 2′‐5′‐Verknüpfungen
Authors: Cozens Christopher , Mutschler Hannes , Nelson Geoffrey M. , Houlihan Gillian , Taylor Alexander I. , Holliger Philipp 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInformationentragende Nukleinsäuren sind universell über 3′‐5′‐Bindungen verknüpft. Regioisomere 2′‐5′‐Verknüpfungen bilden sich dagegen unregelmäßig während der nichtenzymatischen RNA‐Synthese und waren womöglich hilfreich für die präbiotische RNA‐Replikation. Hier berichten wir über die enzymatische Synthese von DNA und RNA mit ortsspezifischen 2′‐5′‐Verknüpfungen durch ein gezielt verändertes Polymerase‐Enzym, das 3′‐Desoxy‐ oder 3′‐O‐Methyl‐NTPs als Substrat verwendet. Zusätzlich vermelden wir die reverse Transkription der so hergestellten, modifizierten Nukleinsäuren zurück in 3′‐5′‐verknüpfte DNA mit guter Fidelität. Somit ergibt sich eine schnelle und einfache Methode zur “strukturellen Mutagenese” durch positionsselektives Einfügen von 2′‐5′‐Verknüpfungen, durch die, ohne Änderung der Basensequenz, die Struktur und Funktion von Nukleinsäuren anhand lokaler Deformationen durch regioisomere Bindungen untersucht werden kann. Beispielhaft wenden wir diese Methode auf das 10‐23‐RNA‐Endonuklease‐DNAzym an.
Oxygen‐Controlled Catalysis by Vitamin B12‐TiO2: Formation of Esters and Amides from Trichlorinated Organic Compounds by Photoirradiation
Authors: Shimakoshi Hisashi , Hisaeda Yoshio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn oxygen switch in catalysis of the cobalamin derivative (B12)‐TiO2 hybrid catalyst for the dechlorination of trichlorinated organic compounds has been developed. The covalently bound B12 on the TiO2 surface transformed trichlorinated organic compounds into an ester and amide by UV light irradiation under mild conditions (in air at room temperature), while dichlorostilbenes (E and Z forms) were formed in nitrogen from benzotrichloride. A benzoyl chloride was formed as an intermediate of the ester and amide, which was detected by GC‐MS. The substrate scope of the synthetic strategy is demonstrated with a range of various trichlorinated organic compounds. A photo‐duet reaction utilizing the hole and conduction band electron of TiO2 in B12‐TiO2 for the amide formation was also developed.
A Shape‐Memory Supercapacitor Fiber
Authors: Deng Jue , Zhang Ye , Zhao Yang , Chen Peining , Cheng Xunliang , Peng Huisheng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA shape‐memory, fiber‐shaped supercapacitor is developed by winding aligned carbon nanotube sheets on a shape‐memory polyurethane substrate. Despite its flexibility and stretchability, the deformed shapes under bending and stretching can be “frozen” as expected and recovered to the original state when required. Its electrochemical performances are well‐maintained during deformation, at the deformed state and after the recovery.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleic Acids with Defined Regioisomeric 2′‐5′ Linkages
Authors: Cozens Christopher , Mutschler Hannes , Nelson Geoffrey M. , Houlihan Gillian , Taylor Alexander I. , Holliger Philipp 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInformation‐bearing nucleic acids display universal 3′‐5′ linkages, but regioisomeric 2′‐5′ linkages occur sporadically in non‐enzymatic RNA synthesis and may have aided prebiotic RNA replication. Herein we report on the enzymatic synthesis of both DNA and RNA with site‐specific 2′‐5′ linkages by an engineered polymerase using 3′‐deoxy‐ or 3′‐O‐methyl‐NTPs as substrates. We also report the reverse transcription of the resulting modified nucleic acids back to 3′‐5′ linked DNA with good fidelity. This enables a fast and simple method for “structural mutagenesis” by the position‐selective incorporation of 2′‐5′ linkages, whereby nucleic acid structure and function may be probed through local distortion by regioisomeric linkages while maintaining the wild‐type base sequence as we demonstrate for the 10–23 RNA endonuclease DNAzyme.