bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using mobile phone text messages to improve insulin injection technique and glycaemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus: a multi‐centre study in Turkey
Authors: Celik Selda , Cosansu Gulhan , Erdogan Semra , Kahraman Alev , Isik Sengul , Bayrak Gulay , Bektas Belgin , Olgun Nermin 
Published: November 2014

Aim and objectivesTo improve the knowledge and skills of diabetic patients on insulin injections using mobile phone short message services and to evaluate the association of this intervention with metabolic outcomes.BackgroundMobile communication technologies are widely used in Turkey, which maintains a diabetic population of more than 6·5 million. However, there are a limited number of studies using mobile technologies in the challenging and complicated management of diabetes.DesignA one group pretest–posttest design was used in this study.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 221 people with type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus from eight outpatient clinics in six cities in Turkey. The ‘Demographic and diabetes‐related information Form’ and ‘Insulin Injection Technique and Knowledge Form’ were used in the initial interview. Subsequently, 12 short messages related to insulin administration were sent to patients twice a week for six months. Each patient's level of knowledge and skills regarding both the insulin injection technique and glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin A1c) levels were measured at three months and six months during the text messaging period and six months later (12 months total) when text messaging was stopped.ResultsThe mean age of the patients with diabetes was 39·8 ± 16·2 years (min: 18; max: 75). More than half of the patients were females with a mean duration of diabetes of 11·01 ± 7·22 years (min 1; max: 32). Following the text message reminders, the patients’ level of knowledge and skills regarding the insulin injection technique improved at month 3 and 6 (p < 0·05). The patients’ A1c levels statistically significantly decreased at the end of month 3, 6 and 12 compared to the baseline values (p < 0·05). The number of insulin injection sites and the frequency of rotation of skin sites for insulin injections also increased.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that a short message services‐based information and reminder system on insulin injection administration provided to insulin‐dependent patients with diabetes by nurses resulted in improved self‐administration of insulin and metabolic control.Relevance to clinical practiceToday, with the increased use of mobile communication technologies, it is possible for nurses to facilitate diabetes management by using these technologies. We believe that mobile technologies, which are not only easy to use and to follow‐up with by healthcare providers, are associated with positive clinical outcomes for patients and should be more commonly used in the daily practice of diabetes management.
Melatonin compensates silencing of heat shock protein 70 and suppresses ultraviolet radiation‐induced inflammation in human skin ex vivo and cultured keratinocytes
Authors: Kleszczyński Konrad , Zwicker Stephanie , Tukaj Stefan , Kasperkiewicz Michael , Zillikens Detlef , Wolf Ronald , Fischer Tobias W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMelatonin, a lipophilic compound synthesized and released from the pineal gland, effectively acts against ultraviolet radiation (UVR), one of the main inducers of epidermal damage, skin cancer, inflammation, and DNA photo damage. One of the common known stress protein induced by UVR is heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), highly expressed in human keratinocytes, providing cellular resistance to such stressors. Here, using human full‐thickness skin and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), we investigated the interaction of melatonin and Hsp70 toward UVR‐induced inflammatory and apoptotic responses. The following observations were made: (i) UVR upregulated Hsp70 gene expression in human epidermis while melatonin significantly inverted this effect, (ii) similar patterns of regulation were observed within Hsp70 protein level, and (iii) mechanistic studies involving silencing of Hsp70 RNA (Hsp70 siRNA) showed prominent decrease of IκB‐α (an inhibitor of NF‐κB) and enhanced gene expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, Casp‐1) and pro‐apoptotic protein (Casp‐3) in NHEK. Parallel investigation using melatonin (10−3 m) significantly inverted these responses regardless depletion of Hsp70 RNA suggesting a compensatory action of this compound in the defense mechanisms. Our findings combined with data reported so far thus enrich existing knowledge about the potent anti‐apoptotic and anti‐inflammatory action of melatonin.
The Rab GTPase YPT‐1 associates with Golgi cisternae and Spitzenkörper microvesicles in Neurospora crassa
Authors: Sánchez‐León Eddy , Bowman Barry , Seidel Constanze , Fischer Reinhard , Novick Peter , Riquelme Meritxell 
Published: November 2014

SummaryVesicle traffic involves budding, transport, tethering and fusion of vesicles with acceptor membranes. GTP‐bound small Rab GTPases interact with the membrane of vesicles, promoting their association with other factors before their subsequent fusion. Filamentous fungi contain at their hyphal apex the Spitzenkörper (Spk), a multivesicular structure to which vesicles concentrate before being redirected to specific cell sites. The regulatory mechanisms ensuring the directionality of the vesicles that travel to the Spk are still unknown. Hence, we analyzed YPT‐1, the Neurospora crassa homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ypt1p (Rab1), which regulates different secretory pathway events. Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed fluorescently tagged YPT‐1 at the Spk and putative Golgi cisternae. Co‐expression of YPT‐1 and predicted post‐Golgi Rab GTPases showed YPT‐1 confined to the Spk microvesicular core, while SEC‐4 (Rab8) and YPT‐31 (Rab11) occupied the Spk macrovesicular peripheral layer, suggesting that trafficking and organization of macro and microvesicles at the Spk are regulated by distinct Rabs. Partial colocalization of YPT‐1 with USO‐1 (p115) and SEC‐7 indicated the additional participation of YPT‐1 at early and late Golgi trafficking steps.
Can family history and cord blood IgE predict sensitization and allergic diseases up to adulthood?
Authors: Nissen Susanne P. , Kjær Henrik F. , Høst Arne , Nielsen Jan , Halken Susanne 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term studies of the predictive value of family history and cord blood IgE level until adulthood are few, and their conclusions have been contradictory.MethodsScreening of total IgE in 1617 cord blood samples was performed in a Danish birth cohort. All infants with cord blood IgE (CB‐IgE) ≥0.5 kU/l and a corresponding randomly chosen group with CB‐IgE <0.5 kU/l were chosen for follow‐up. Questionnaire‐based interviews, physical examination, specific IgE testing, and from 10 yr also spirometry, were carried out at 1½, 5, 10, 15, and 26 yr. Predefined diagnostic criteria were used.ResultsA total of 455 infants were included, 188 with CB‐IgE ≥0.5 kU/l and 267 with CB‐IgE <0.5 kU/l. Follow‐up rates were high, 288 (63%) attended the 26‐yr follow‐up. Family history and elevated CB‐IgE were significantly associated to allergic disease until 26 yr. Concerning any allergic symptoms at 1½ yr the positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), the sensitivity and specificity of CB‐IgE ≥0.5 kU/l, was 29%, 81%, 54%, and 61%, respectively. The corresponding figures at 26 yr were 46%, 62%, 43%, and 65%. Overall, family history as well as CB‐IgE ≥0.5 kU/l was associated with high NPV and specificity, but low PPV and sensitivity.ConclusionAlthough family history and elevated CB‐IgE were significantly associated with primarily atopic disease until 26 yr, none of these were strong predictors for subsequent sensitization and allergic symptoms from childhood until early adulthood. It appears that the predictive capacity of CB‐IgE decreases in adolescence and early adulthood.
Social support from friends and family in a Tibetan village
Authors: XUE MING 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFriendships are prevalent in human societies. However, it is unclear whether people rely on the same strategy to derive support from friends and relatives. In the present study, I conducted a survey to elicit the egocentric support networks of 40 village residents in a Tibetan village in Qinghai province in China. The study showed that the participants reported equal amounts of support from friends and from relatives, and they preferred a shallow strategy over a deep strategy to derive support from friends; they equally preferred the two strategies to derive support from relatives. My study suggests that even if friends compensate for the variation of kin support in quantity, friendship should not be considered as one‐for‐one substitute for kinship.
Survival in children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the time of lung transplantation
Authors: Hayes Don , McConnell Patrick I. , Tobias Joseph D. , Whitson Bryan A. , Preston Thomas J. , Yates Andrew R. , Galantowicz Mark 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLimited data exist on ECMO at the time of LTx in children. The UNOS database was queried from 2000 to 2013 for pediatric lung transplant recipients (<18 yr) to assess post‐transplant survival of patients on ECMO at the time of LTx. Of 587 pediatric recipients with 17 on ECMO, 585 were used for univariate and Kaplan–Meier function analysis, 535 for multivariate Cox models, and 24 for propensity score matching. Univariate Cox (HR = 1.777; 95% CI: 0.658, 4.803; p = 0.257) and Kaplan–Meier function (log‐rank test: chi‐square (df = 1): 1.32, p = 0.250) analyses did not identify a survival difference between ECMO and non‐ECMO, while multivariate Cox models (HR = 1.821; 95% CI: 0.654, 5.065; p = 0.251) did not demonstrate an increased risk for death. Propensity score matching analysis (HR = 1.500; 95% CI: 0.251, 8.977; p = 0.657) also failed to demonstrate a significantly increased hazard ratio. Using a contemporary cohort of pediatric lung transplant recipients, the use of ECMO at the time of lung transplantation did not negatively impact survival.
Prospective evaluation of the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation score and an extended clinicopathological profile in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Giunti Massimo , Troia Roberta , Bergamini Paolo Famigli , Dondi Francesco 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic value of the acute patient physiologic and laborartory evaluation (APPLE) score and relevant clinicopathological markers in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingVeterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsThirty‐three dogs with SIRS admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were compared to 35 healthy control dogs. Dogs with SIRS were divided into septic (n = 20) and nonseptic (n = 13) etiologies and as survivors (alive to discharge, n = 22) and nonsurvivors (n = 11: died, n = 6, or humanely euthanized, n = 5).Measurements and Main ResultsFor all dogs, physiological and laboratory parameters were prospectively collected for the calculation of the APPLEfast score. No difference between septic and nonseptic SIRS dogs was detected for any parameter evaluated. Survivors had significantly higher total protein, albumin concentrations, antithrombin activity (ATA), and base excess (BE), as well as significantly lower lactate, urea, creatinine concentrations, urinary protein to creatinine ratio and APPLEfast score compared to nonsurvivors. Higher values of creatinine, lactate, anion gap, alanine transaminase (ALT), and APPLEfast score were significantly associated with an increased risk of death in SIRS dogs, while higher values of total protein, albumin, ATA, and BE were associated with a significantly reduced risk of mortality. When a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed, the APPLEfast score was the only significant parameter retained.ConclusionsThe determination of the APPLEfast score in clinical setting, as well as the measurement of APP, ATA, lactate, BE, anion gap, ALT, urinary proteins, and electrolytes may be beneficial for a better assessment of dogs with SIRS. Identified parameters were significantly related with the presence of SIRS and their evaluation should be considered for the assessment of disease severity, and guidance of the decision‐making process in critically ill dogs.
The Cyclic Peptide Ecumicin Targeting ClpC1 Is Active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis In Vivo
Authors: Gao Wei , Kim Jin-Yong , Anderson Jeffrey R. , Akopian Tatos , Hong Seungpyo , Jin Ying-Yu , Kandror Olga , Kim Jong-Woo , Lee In-Ae , Lee Sun-Young , McAlpine James B. , Mulugeta Surafel , Sunoqrot Suhair , Wang Yuehong , Yang Seung-Hwan , Yoon Tae-Mi , Goldberg Alfred L. , Pauli Guido F. , Suh Joo-Won , Franzblau Scott G. , Cho Sanghyun 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) has lent urgency to finding new drug leads with novel modes of action. A high-throughput screening campaign of >65,000 actinomycete extracts for inhibition of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
viability identified ecumicin, a macrocyclic tridecapeptide that exerts potent, selective bactericidal activity against
M. tuberculosis
in vitro
, including nonreplicating cells. Ecumicin retains activity against isolated multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of
M. tuberculosis
. The subcutaneous administration to mice of ecumicin in a micellar formulation at 20 mg/kg body weight resulted in plasma and lung exposures exceeding the MIC. Complete inhibition of
M. tuberculosis
growth in the lungs of mice was achieved following 12 doses at 20 or 32 mg/kg. Genome mining of lab-generated, spontaneous ecumicin-resistant
M. tuberculosis
strains identified the ClpC1 ATPase complex as the putative target, and this was confirmed by a drug affinity response test. ClpC1 functions in protein breakdown with the ClpP1P2 protease complex. Ecumicin markedly enhanced the ATPase activity of wild-type (WT) ClpC1 but prevented activation of proteolysis by ClpC1. Less stimulation was observed with ClpC1 from ecumicin-resistant mutants. Thus, ClpC1 is a valid drug target against
M. tuberculosis
, and ecumicin may serve as a lead compound for anti-TB drug development.
Acquisition of Antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites and Malaria Immunity in Young Children and the Influence of Age, Force of Infection, and Magnitude of Response
Authors: Stanisic Danielle I. , Fowkes Freya J. I. , Koinari Melanie , Javati Sarah , Lin Enmoore , Kiniboro Benson , Richards Jack S. , Robinson Leanne J. , Schofield Louis , Kazura James W. , King Christopher L. , Zimmerman Peter , Felger Ingrid , Siba Peter M. , Mueller Ivo , Beeson James G. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Individuals in areas of
Plasmodium falciparum
endemicity develop immunity to malaria after repeated exposure. Knowledge of the acquisition and nature of protective immune responses to
P. falciparum
is presently limited, particularly for young children. We examined antibodies (IgM, IgG, and IgG subclasses) to merozoite antigens and their relationship to the prospective risk of malaria in children 1 to 4 years of age in a region of malaria endemicity in Papua New Guinea. IgG, IgG1, and IgG3 responses generally increased with age, were higher in children with active infection, and reflected geographic heterogeneity in malaria transmission. Antigenic properties, rather than host factors, appeared to be the main determinant of the type of IgG subclass produced. High antibody levels were not associated with protection from malaria; in contrast, they were typically associated with an increased risk of malaria. Adjustment for malaria exposure, using a novel molecular measure of the force of infection by
P. falciparum
, accounted for much of the increased risk, suggesting that the antibodies were markers of higher exposure to
P. falciparum
. Comparisons between antibodies in this cohort of young children and in a longitudinal cohort of older children suggested that the lack of protective association was explained by lower antibody levels among young children and that there is a threshold level of antibodies required for protection from malaria. Our results suggest that in populations with low immunity, such as young children, antibodies to merozoite antigens may act as biomarkers of malaria exposure and that, with increasing exposure and responses of higher magnitude, antibodies may act as biomarkers of protective immunity.
Evolutionary Ecology of the Marine Roseobacter Clade
Authors: Luo Haiwei , Moran Mary Ann 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARY

Members of the
Roseobacter
clade are equipped with a tremendous diversity of metabolic capabilities, which in part explains their success in so many different marine habitats. Ideas on how this diversity evolved and is maintained are reviewed, focusing on recent evolutionary studies exploring the timing and mechanisms of
Roseobacter
ecological diversification.
Dyspareunia in HIV-positive and HIV-negative middle-aged women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Valadares Ana L R , Pinto-Neto Aarão M , Gomes Debora de C , D'Avanzo Walquíria C , Moura Alexandre S , Costa-Paiva Lúcia , de Sousa Maria Helena 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether dyspareunia is associated with HIV status in menopausal women and also to assess which factors are associated with dyspareunia in a group of HIV-positive menopausal women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 178 HIV-negative and 128 HIV-positive women aged 40–60 years. The Short Personal Experiences Questionnaire (SPEQ) was used to collect data. Sociodemographic, clinical, behavioural and reproductive factors were evaluated, as well as factors related to the HIV infection. Dyspareunia was defined as pain during intercourse. A bivariate analysis and Poisson multiple regression analysis were performed.ResultsOverall, 41.4% of the HIV-positive women reported dyspareunia compared with 34.8% of the HIV-negative women (p=0.242). In the HIV-positive women, bivariate analysis revealed an association between dyspareunia and having a steady partner (p=0.047); the woman’s partner having undergone HIV testing (p=0.020); vaginal dryness (p<0.001); muscle/joint pain (p=0.021); physical/emotional violence (p=0.049); urinary incontinence (p=0.004); and the use of lamivudine/zidovudine (p=0.048). The Poisson multiple regression analysis found an association between dyspareunia and vaginal dryness (prevalence ratio (PR)=1.96, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.50, p=0.023) and urinary incontinence (PR=1.86, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.27, p=0.031).ConclusionsDyspareunia was common in this group of HIV-positive women and was associated principally with vaginal dryness and urinary incontinence. The importance of treating dyspareunia within the context of sexual health in this group of women should be emphasised and appropriate management of this issue may reduce the likelihood of lesions on the vaginal wall, which may act as a portal of entry for other infections.
Ecological assessment of the direct and indirect effects of routine rotavirus vaccination in Merseyside, UK using data from multiple health systems: a study protocol
Authors: Hungerford Daniel , Vivancos Roberto , French Neil , Iturriza-Gomara Miren , Cunliffe Nigel 
Published: November 2014

IntroductionRotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Currently 67 countries include rotavirus vaccine in childhood immunisation programmes, but uptake in Western Europe has been slow. In July 2013, rotavirus vaccine was introduced into the UK's routine childhood immunisation programme. Prior to vaccine introduction in the UK, rotavirus was estimated to result in 750 000 diarrhoea episodes and 80 000 general practice (GP) consultations each year, together with 45% and 20% of hospital admissions and emergency department attendances for acute gastroenteritis, in children under 5 years of age. This paper describes a protocol for an ecological study that will assess rotavirus vaccine impact in the UK, to inform rotavirus immunisation policy in the UK and in other Western European countries.Methods and analysisIn Merseyside, UK, we will conduct an ecological study using a ‘before and after’ approach to examine changes in gastroenteritis and rotavirus incidence following the introduction of rotavirus vaccination. Data will be collected on mortality, hospital admissions, nosocomial infection, emergency department attendances, GP consultations and community health consultations to capture all healthcare providers in the region. We will assess both the direct and indirect effects of the vaccine on the study population. Comparisons of outcome indicator rates will be made in relation to vaccine uptake and socioeconomic status.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by NHS Research Ethics Committee, South Central-Berkshire REC Reference: 14/SC/1140. Study outputs will be disseminated through scientific conferences and peer-reviewed publications. The study will demonstrate the impact of rotavirus vaccination on the burden of disease from a complete health system perspective. It will identify key areas that require improved data collection tools to maximise the usefulness of this surveillance approach and will provide a template for vaccine evaluations using ecological methods in the UK.
Comparing routine versus selective use of intraoperative cerebral angiography in aneurysm surgery: a prospective study
Authors: Washington Chad W , Derdeyn Colin P , Chicoine Michael R , Cross DeWitte T , Dacey Ralph G , Moran Christopher J , Rich Keith M , Zipfel Gregory J 
Published: November 2014

IntroductionWhile the use of intraoperative angiography (IA) has been shown to be a useful adjunct in aneurysm surgery, its routine use remains controversial.ObjectiveWe wished to determine if IA is required in all patients undergoing aneurysm surgery (ie, routine IA) or if intraoperative assessment can reliably predict the need for IA (ie, select IA).MethodsWe prospectively evaluated all patients undergoing craniotomy for aneurysm clipping. In these patients, the treating surgeons were asked to record whether they felt IA was required at two time points: (1) prior to surgery and (2) immediately after clip application but before IA. All patients underwent IA as per the institutional protocol. IA results and the need for post-IA clip adjustments were recorded.ResultsOf the 200 patients enrolled, 197 were included for analysis. IA was deemed necessary on preoperative assessment in 144 cases (73%) and on post-clip assessment in 116 cases (59%). Post-clip IA demonstrated 47 (24%) positive findings and post-IA clip adjustments were made in 19 of 198 cases (10%). On preoperative assessment, there were four cases where IA was deemed unnecessary, yet post-IA clip adjustment was required, resulting in a sensitivity of 79% and false negative rate of 8%. Regarding post-clip assessment, there were five cases where IA was thought to be unnecessary and clip adjustment was required, resulting in a sensitivity of 73% and false negative rate of 6%.ConclusionsThe accuracy of a strategy of select IA was not improved by assessing the need for IA immediately after aneurysm clipping versus prior to surgery onset. This suggests that intraoperative assessment regarding the adequacy of aneurysm clip application should be viewed with caution.