bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trivalent chromium versus baricitinib for rheumatoid arthritis treatment: first phase 2/3 randomized controlled trial, is trivalent chromium the upcoming immune-modulator?
Authors: Hassouna Sally S. , Abdel-Moniem Omneya Mohamed-Ayman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease mainly treated by DMARDs. Baricitinib is one of the emerging DMARDs with strong anti-rheumatic effects but has serious side effects. Trivalent chromium (Cr III) is a natural element with anti-inflammatory properties. Trivalent chromium (Cr III) is introduced for the first time to study its effect and safety in treatment of RA patients and compared to those of baricitinib.

Methods
This is a phase 2/3 randomized controlled trial where RA patients were divided in a ratio of 2:1 according to the newly introduced medication either Cr (III) (group A) or baricitinib (group B). Patients attended three visits on day 0, after 3 weeks and 12 weeks, disease activity was scored. Hands ultrasound was done and reassessed. Side effects were monitored throughout the study.

Results
DAS28-CRP improved by 26.9% and 11.8% on third visit for Cr III and baricitinib, respectively (p = 0.001). DAS28-ESR improved by 25.6% and 7.74% on third visit for Cr III and baricitinib, respectively (p =  < 0.001). ACR 50 was 18.8% for Cr III and 5.7% for baricitinib on second visit. ACR 70 was 25% for Cr III and 0% for baricitinib on third visit (P =  < 0.001). Ultrasound GLOESS, SH, PDUS, joints effusions improved by 38.9%, 38.4%, 56.7% and 74.8% for Cr III, while by 10.5%, 3.75%, 59.6% and worsening of joints effusions happened with baricitinib on third visit. p = 0.022 and 0.002 between groups for GLOESS and SH improvement, respectively.

Conclusions
Cr III has shown very promising fast clinical and sonographic results in treating RA patients which were surprisingly superior to baricitinib in most aspects. Furthermore, Cr III is potentially safe with evidently fewer side effects than baricitinib and other DMARDs, however, long-term safety is still not established.
(IRB No.: 00012098- FWA No.: 00018699, Serial number: 040457) ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05545020.
Ultrasound pretreatment of third-generation biomass (invasive macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae) to obtain platform biocommodities
Authors: León-Marcos Ludisbel , Fuente-Zapico Elsa , Romero-Vargas Agustín , Blandino Ana , Romero-García Luis Isidoro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVolatile fatty acids (VFA) and reducing sugars (RS) are widely used as platform molecules in biorefineries, facilitating the production of valuable biofuels and chemicals. From an environmental, economic and social perspective, third generation biomass, including macroalgae beach-cast, represents an innovative and optimal solution for the production of these commodities. This study explores the impact of ultrasound pretreatment on the invasive macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae, aiming to produce RS and VFA through enzymatic hydrolysis and dark fermentation. Several ultrasound conditions were tested: amplitudes (0, 70-100 %), suspension volumes (300, 600 mL), and algal concentrations (4-8 %). Optimal results emerged with 100 % amplitude, 300 mL volume, and 4 % (w/v) algal concentration, leading to the maximum COD solubilization of 61.5 mg COD g-biomass-1. For enzymatic hydrolysis, the pretreated sample achieved maximum RS concentrations (0.124 g-RS g-biomass-1) with half the enzyme dosage required by the non-pretreated alga (25 vs 50 FPU g-biomass-1), implying significant economic benefits for large-scale processes. The kinetic model proposed by Romero-Vargas et al. aligned perfectly with the experimental data, obtaining higher values of all the kinetic parameters for the pretreated sample. Dark fermentation showed substantial increases in organic matter solubilization and VFA production (10.36 mg-HAc g-biomass-1) post ultrasound pretreatment: 21.1 % higher solubilization and 9.4 % increased VFA compared to non-pretreated biomass. The resulting VFA composition comprised 73 % acetic acid, 13 % propionic acid, and 8 % butyric acid. Utilization of chemical agents during sonication may further enhance overall processing yields.
Towards efficient AutoML: a pipeline synthesis approach leveraging pre-trained transformers for multimodal data
Authors: Moharil Ambarish , Vanschoren Joaquin , Singh Prabhant , Tamburri Damian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces an Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) framework specifically designed to efficiently synthesize end-to-end multimodal machine learning pipelines. Traditional reliance on the computationally demanding Neural Architecture Search is minimized through the strategic integration of pre-trained transformer models. This innovative approach enables the effective unification of diverse data modalities into high-dimensional embeddings, streamlining the pipeline development process. We leverage an advanced Bayesian Optimization strategy, informed by meta-learning, to facilitate the warm-starting of the pipeline synthesis, thereby enhancing computational efficiency. Our methodology demonstrates its potential to create advanced and custom multimodal pipelines within limited computational resources. Extensive testing across 23 varied multimodal datasets indicates the promise and utility of our framework in diverse scenarios. The results contribute to the ongoing efforts in the AutoML field, suggesting new possibilities for efficiently handling complex multimodal data. This research represents a step towards developing more efficient and versatile tools in multimodal machine learning pipeline development, acknowledging the collaborative and ever-evolving nature of this field.
The changing mix of fossil fuels used and the related evolution of CO2 emissions
Authors: Hefner Matthew , Marland Gregg , Oda Tomohiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo limit global climate change, ultimately it will be necessary to minimize the use of all fossil fuels for energy. Because the rate of CO2 emissions per unit of primary energy varies among the fossil fuels, it is useful to focus first on reducing the use of coal, the fuel with the most CO2 per unit of energy used. Although multiple factors are involved in the choice of which fuel will be used for a given purpose, data on CO2 emissions show that over the last 25 years there has been an evolution in the fraction of emissions away from coal and toward natural gas. That is, although total emissions have continued to increase globally, the fraction attributable to coal has been decreasing in many places. This is true for the global sum of emissions, for Annex I countries, and for all regions except Asia Pacific. The fraction of emissions from oil products has varied largely with growth in the contribution of petroleum transportation fuels. Focus on decreasing the sum of all fossil fuels is needed, especially among the major energy users in the Asia Pacific region, but progress in the decreasing relative use of coal is promising.
Benzimidazole scaffold as a potent anticancer agent with different mechanisms of action (2016–2023)
Authors: Hagar Fatma Fouad , Abbas Samar H. , Atef Eman , Abdelhamid Dalia , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBenzimidazole scaffolds have potent anticancer activity due to their structure similarity to nucleoside. In addition, benzimidazoles could function as hydrogen donors or acceptors and bind to different drug targets that participate in cancer progression. The literature had many anticancer agents containing benzimidazole cores that gained much interest. Provoked by our endless interest in benzimidazoles as anticancer agents, we summarized the successful trials of the benzimidazole scaffolds in this concern. Moreover, we discuss the substantial opportunities in cancer treatment using benzimidazole-based drugs that may direct medicinal chemists for a compelling future design of more active chemotherapeutic agents with potential clinical applications. The uniqueness of this work lies in the highlighted benzimidazole scaffold hybridization with different molecules and benzimidazole-metal complexes, detailed mechanisms of action, and the IC50 of the developed compounds determined by different laboratories after 2015.
Examining the simulation-to-reality gap of a wheel loader digging in deformable terrain
Authors: Aoshima Koji , Servin Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigate how well a physics-based simulator can replicate a real wheel loader performing bucket filling in a pile of soil. The comparison is made using field-test time series of the vehicle motion and actuation forces, loaded mass, and total work. The vehicle was modeled as a rigid multibody system with frictional contacts, driveline, and linear actuators. For the soil, we tested discrete-element models of different resolutions, with and without multiscale acceleration. The spatiotemporal resolution ranged between 50–400 mm and 2–500 ms, and the computational speed was between 1/10,000 to 5 times faster than real time. The simulation-to-reality gap was found to be around 10% and exhibited a weak dependence on the level of fidelity, e.g., compatible with real-time simulation. Furthermore, the sensitivity of an optimized force-feedback controller under transfer between different simulation domains was investigated. The domain bias was observed to cause a performance reduction of 5% despite the domain gap being about 15%.
Estimating changes in distribution trend of alien birds in urban areas using citizen science data
Authors: Lourenço Rui , Godinho Carlos , Salgueiro Pedro A. , Silva Rui R. , Pereira Pedro F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUrban ecosystems are suitable for the introduction and spread of alien bird species, and early detection of their establishment and expansion is crucial to reduce potential negative impacts. In this context, the use of opportunistic citizen science data can have considerable advantages in relation to conventional scientific approaches. We gathered records of parakeets and parrots (Psittaciformes) and mynas and starlings (Sturnidae) for the urban area of Lisbon (Portugal) from the eBird database. We used this opportunistic citizen science data to document the establishment and expansion and to estimate distribution trends of alien bird species in urban ecosystems. In the last decade there has been a considerable increase in the amount of opportunistic citizen science data available in eBird for our study area. The probability of presence of the Senegal parrot, rose-ringed parakeet, blue-crowned parakeet, and crested myna was positively influenced by the number of lists. For the rose-ringed parakeet, blue-crowned parakeet, and crested myna, the year positively influenced the probability of presence, suggesting an increase in distribution range. We observed that spatio-temporal variations in effort associated to opportunistic citizen science data sources may generate bias in trend estimates, and therefore we recommend the effort should always be accounted for. Our approach agreed with the documented expansion of alien bird species in the study area, supporting the potential usefulness of opportunistic citizen science in providing early detection on biological invasions in urban ecosystems, particularly where this is the best or the only source of information available.
Development of LC–MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Emerging Contaminants in Aquatic Matrices
Authors: Ramadan Lama , Ozturk-Ufuk Irem , Yuksel Ebubekir , Topuz Emel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEmerging contaminants (ECs) are substances that have no defined environmental quality standards or regulations, and have the potential to pose major adverse impacts on the environment and human health. The detection of contaminants in the natural environment is the key step for establishing precise environmental risk assessment approach for ECs. However, ECs come from different origins with various physicochemical properties, making their detection a complicated process. Moreover, their presence in the aquatic environment at trace concentration range (ng/L-µg/L), requires an accurate detection at low concentration levels. This study aims to develop an efficient analytical method for simultaneous determination of 5 different ECs in aqueous solution based on solid phase extraction technique (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). High recovery rates (72% to 114%) were achieved for all targeted compounds. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), diuron (DIU), terbutryn (TER) and diclofenac (DIC) had a limit of detection (LOD) of 5 µg/L and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 10 ng/L, while LOD and LOQ for EE2 were 25 µg/L and 50 ng/L, respectively. These results confirm that the optimized method can be applied for extraction and analysis of ECs from different classes in the aquatic environment.
Unintended consequences of in-store technology for frontline employees: An empirics-first approach
Authors: Nanni Anastasia , Ordanini Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work illustrates a case in which the implementation of automated digital screens in an apparel retail store led to unintended side effects involving decreased customer spending. Using an empirics-first approach, researchers have investigated this topic through the conducting of field experiments, intercept surveys, and online experiments involving both consumers and frontline employees (FLEs). In this research, the unintended outcomes of technology implementation are first revealed, and then the potential reasons and boundary conditions underlying those outcomes are explored. The findings indicate that while automated digital screens increase customer convenience, they can also restrict the ability of FLEs to perform extrarole behavior. This restriction results in a negative shopping experience and reduced spending, particularly in settings in which FLE interaction is critical. The research also reveals that reintroducing extrarole behavior in the presence of technology can offset this negative effect. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are then discussed, and future research directions are proposed.
Genomic profiling of lymph node and distant metastases from papillary and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Máximo Valdemar , Melo Miguel , Sobrinho-Simões Manuel , Soares Paula , Da Cruz Paula Arnaud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To perform a molecular profiling of the metastases from papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTCs).

Methods
We retrieved and analyzed the molecular and clinical features of 136 metastases from PTCs and 35 metastases from PDTCs subjected to targeted DNA sequencing, from cBioPortal. The clinicopathological data included the number and location of the metastases, and genomic data included mutations, translocations, copy number alterations and fraction of the genome altered (FGA).

Results
Bone metastases from PTCs had a lower frequency of BRAF mutations than the lymph node metastases (LNMs) (43% vs 88%, p < 0.01), and a higher frequency of RBM10 and NRAS mutations than the LNMs (21% vs 3% for both, p < 0.05). The FGA of the bone metastases was higher than the FGA of the lung metastases (5.6% vs 1.3%, p < 0.05). The frequency of RET translocations was higher in the lung metastases from PTCs than the LNMs (15% vs 3%, p < 0.05). The LNMs from PTC patients harboring 4 or more distant metastases (DMs) had a higher frequency of TERT promoter mutations than the LNMs from patients harboring less than 4 DMs (96% vs 65%, p < 0.001). SDHA gene amplifications were enriched in the bone metastases from PDTCs and absent in the LNMs (38% vs 0%, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Metastases from PTCs and PDTCs harbor clinically relevant alterations affecting distinct body locations, such as NRAS and RBM10 mutations, RET translocations and SDHA amplifications that may be explored therapeutically.
Zeitschriften als Common Grounds früher Popkulturen
Authors: Lickhardt Maren 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel untersucht Strukturen in illustrierten Unterhaltungsmagazinen der Weimarer Republik, die dazu dienen, Leser:innen dauerhaft zu binden und die das Gefühl erzeugen, als Rezeptionsgemeinschaft einen Common Ground auszubilden. Ostentative Serialität, Mitmachangebote, die Suggestion einer gemeinsamen Bewertungskultur etc. sorgen für eine ästhetische Kopplung der Zeitschriften mit den Leser:innen und gefühlt auch unter den Leser:innen. Dasclose readingausgewählter Zeitschriftenausgaben basiert auf linguistischen und interaktionsanalytischen Grounding-Theorien.
Optimum design of a coaxial magnetic gear integrated with a permanent magnet synchronous generator of a wind turbine based on the pelican optimization algorithm
Authors: Kassab Yasser , Gouda Eid , Ghanem Abdelhady 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an optimum design of a coaxial magnetic gear (CMG) Integrated with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) of a wind turbine using a pelican optimization algorithm (POA) launched in 2022. In order to evaluate the proposed system design based on POA, the well-known Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is implemented for the same CMG under the same conditions and constraints. Also, a Taguchi-method-based sensitivity analysis for the key design variables is employed to determine their impact on the system’s performance. The optimization process for the CMG design based on POA and PSO is executed based on the 2-D Finite element analysis (FEA) using the Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) program. The results obtained from the POA and PSO are compared and analyzed. The results underline that the optimum design for the CMG/PMSG integrated system based on POA achieves more torque/weight ratio and then more generated power and currents as compared to PSO. It is concluded that the proposed design based on POA gives a superior and efficient design with substantial stability and rapid convergence.
Measurement and thermodynamic correlation of liquid–liquid equilibria of water + n-propanol + toluene at 20°C and atmospheric pressure
Authors: Hamamah Zaid Alkhier , Grützner Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough the system water + n-propanol + toluene is important for research and industry, its liquid–liquid equilibria LLE are scarcely covered in literature, with no thermodynamic modeling reported using typical equations of state or activity coefficient models. The current work addresses this gap by presenting the equilibria of the system at 20°C and atmospheric pressure. That includes the binodal curve and twelve tie lines covering the entire miscibility gap, whereby the compositions of the conjugate phases are determined using high-precision refractive index measurements. The quality of the data is verified by applying the techniques of conjugate lines and mass balances, whereas it is shown that empirical correlations cannot be used for that purpose. Three different methods to extrapolate the critical point are then employed and, using the more reliable one, that point is located and added to the dataset. Further thermodynamic correlation of the data is conducted using the activity coefficient models, UNIQUAC and NRTL. While the former did not perform well, the latter was able to model the LLE and adapt to temperature changes.
Development of gluten-free and gum-free rice bread: influence of ingredients, hydration and processing time on bread quality
Authors: González Luciana C. , Contigiani Eunice V. , Tolaba Marcela P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGluten-free and gum-free breads were developed, with the focus on the impact of raw materials (rice grain or flour) and processing conditions (pre-hydration and mixing time). The evaluation of bread quality primarily involved after the measurement of specific volume (BV), alveolar area (AA), and crumb hardness both before and storage. BV varied within 1.99–2.97 ml/g for rice bread and 2.14–2.26 ml/g for flour bread, with control (containing xanthan gum) values of 2.65 and 3.11 ml/g for rice and flour bread, respectively. An increase in AA was observed (rice: 0.5–1.9 mm2 and flour: 0.76–2.0 mm2) compared to controls with gum (rice: 0.36 and flour: 1.41 mm2). Pre-hydration of ingredients and reduced mixing time improved bread quality: volume of bread from hydrated rice and 4 min of mixing time was comparable to that of gum control. Although the aging process, measured by hardness, was faster than in gum-containing bread, process conditions were identified that delayed aging. This information is essential and valuable for future research.
Projecting Surface Water Area Under Different Climate and Development Scenarios
Authors: Gaines Mollie D. , Tulbure Mirela G. , Perin Vinicius , Composto Rebecca , Tiwari Varun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChanges in climate and land‐use/land‐cover will impact surface water dynamics throughout the 21st century and influence global surface water availability. However, most projections of surface water dynamics focus on climate drivers using local‐scale hydrological models, with few studies accounting for climate and human drivers such as land‐use/land‐cover change. We used a data‐driven, machine learning model to project seasonal surface water areas (SWAs) in the southeastern U.S. from 2006 to 2099 that combined land‐cover and climate projections under eight different development and emissions scenarios. The model was fitted with historic Landsat imagery, land‐use/land‐cover, and climate observation data (mean squared error 0.14). We assessed the change in SWA for each scenario, and we compared the surface water projections from our data‐driven model and a process‐based model. We found that the scenario with the largest forest‐dominated land cover loss and most extreme climate change had watersheds with the greatest projected increases (in the South Atlantic Gulf) and decreases (in the Lower Mississippi) in SWA. When compared to the increase or decrease in surface water projected by the process‐based model, most of the watersheds across scenarios agreed on the direction of change. Our findings highlight the importance of forest‐dominated land cover in maintaining stable surface water availability throughout the 21st century, which can inform land‐use management policies for adaptation and water‐stress mitigation as well as strategies to prepare for future flood and drought events.