bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular biological and isotopic biogeochemical prognoses of the nitrification‐driven dynamic microbial nitrogen cycle in hadopelagic sediments
Authors: Nunoura Takuro , Nishizawa Manabu , Kikuchi Tohru , Tsubouchi Taishi , Hirai Miho , Koide Osamu , Miyazaki Junichi , Hirayama Hisako , Koba Keisuke , Takai Ken 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThere has been much progress in understanding the nitrogen cycle in oceanic waters including the recent identification of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing (anammox) bacteria, and in the comprehensive estimation in abundance and activity of these microbial populations. However, compared with the nitrogen cycle in oceanic waters, there are fewer studies concerning the oceanic benthic nitrogen cycle. To further elucidate the dynamic nitrogen cycle in deep‐sea sediments, a sediment core obtained from the Ogasawara Trench at a water depth of 9760 m was analysed in this study. The profiles obtained for the pore‐water chemistry, and nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopic compositions of pore‐water nitrate in the hadopelagic sediments could not be explained by the depth segregation of nitrifiers and nitrate reducers, suggesting the co‐occurrence of nitrification and nitrate reduction in the shallowest nitrate reduction zone. The abundance of SSU rRNA and functional genes related to nitrification and denitrification are consistent with the co‐occurrence of nitrification and nitrate reduction observed in the geochemical analyses. This study presents the first example of cooperation between aerobic and anaerobic nitrogen metabolism in the deep‐sea sedimentary environments.
Effects of chlorhexidine on bonding durability of different adhesive systems using a novel thermocycling method
Authors: Deng D , Huang X , Huang C , Yang T , Du X , Wang Y , Ouyang X , Pei D 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of chlorhexidine on the bonding durability of etch‐and‐rinse and self‐etch adhesive systems using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) thermocycling method.MethodsTwenty freshly extracted intact human third molars were ground and bonded with either an etch‐and‐rinse adhesive (Single‐Bond) or a self‐etch adhesive (G‐Bond). Specimens were either left untouched or placed in PCR tubes filled with three thermocycling mediums: water, chlorhexidine or silicone oil. Thermocycling (5000 cycles) was done using the PCR programme at temperatures of 5 °C and 55 °C. The microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was evaluated and interfacial nanoleakage was assessed by scanning electron microscopy before and after thermocycling.ResultsSignificant differences were detected among groups kept in different media after thermocycling. For Single‐Bond, both the chlorhexidine and silicone oil groups could preserve the μTBS (p < 0.001). For G‐Bond, μTBS of the chlorhexidine and water groups were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). No obvious increase in silver deposition was observed in specimens incubated in water after thermocycling, less silver penetration was found in specimens incubated in chlorhexidine.ConclusionsIn this experimental model, chlorhexidine was found to preserve bonding durability in Single‐Bond but have no significant effects on G‐Bond.
Hypersensitivity and desensitization to antineoplastic agents: outcomes of 189 procedures with a new short protocol and novel diagnostic tools assessment
Authors: Madrigal‐Burgaleta R. , Berges‐Gimeno M. P. , Angel‐Pereira D. , Ferreiro‐Monteagudo R. , Guillen‐Ponce C. , Pueyo C. , Gomez de Salazar E. , Alvarez‐Cuesta E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundDesensitization to antineoplastic agents is becoming a standard of care. Efforts to establish and improve these techniques are being made at many institutions. Our aims are to evaluate a new rapid desensitization protocol designed to be shorter (approximately 4 h) and safer (reducing hazardous drugs exposure risks) and to assess the oxaliplatin‐specific immunoglobulinE(IgE) as a novel diagnostic tool.MethodsProspective, observational, longitudinal study with patients who, for a 1‐year period, suffered reactions to antineoplastic agents and were referred to theDesensitizationProgram atRamon yCajalUniversityHospital (RCUH). Patients were included or excluded as desensitization candidates after anamnesis, skin testing, risk assessment, and graded challenge. SpecificIgEwas determined in oxaliplatin‐reactive patients. Candidate patients were desensitized using the newRCUHrapid desensitization protocol.ResultsOf 189 intravenous rapid desensitizations, 188 were successfully accomplished in the 23 patients who met inclusion criteria for desensitization (of 58 referred patients). No breakthrough reactions occurred in 94% of desensitizations, and most breakthrough reactions were mild. In 10 oxaliplatin‐reactive patients, 38 desensitizations were successfully accomplished. Sensitivity for oxaliplatin‐specificIgEwas 38% (0.35UI/l cutoff point) and 54% (0.10UI/l cutoff point); specificity was 100% for both cutoff points.ConclusionsIn the hands of aDesensitizationProgram, managed by drug desensitization experts, this new protocol has proven an effective therapeutic tool for hypersensitivity to several antineoplastic agents (oxaliplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab); moreover, it improves safety handling of hazardous drugs. We report the first large series of oxaliplatin desensitizations.Oxaliplatin‐specificIgEdetermination could be helpful.
Correlation of selection scores with subsequent assessment scores during surgical training
Authors: Oldfield Zaita , Beasley Spencer W. , Smith Julian , Anthony Adrian , Watt Anthony 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundDetermining admission criteria to select candidates most likely to succeed in surgical training in Australia and New Zealand has been an imprecise art with little empirical evidence informing decisions. Selection to the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons' Surgical Education and Training programme is based entirely on applicants' performance in structured curriculum vitae (CV), referees' reports and interviews. This retrospective review compared General Surgery (GS) trainees' performance in selection with subsequent performance in assessments during training.MethodsData from three cohorts of GS trainees were sourced. Scores for four selection items were compared with scores from six training assessments. Interrelationships within each of the sets of selection and assessment variables were determined.ResultsA single significant relationship was found between scores on the three selection tools. High scores in the CV did not correlate with higher scores in any subsequent assessments. The structured referee report score, multi‐station interview score and total selection score all correlated with performance in subsequent work‐based assessments and examinations. Direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) scores appear to reflect increasing acquisition of operative skills. Performance in mini clinical examinations (Mini‐CEX) was variable, perhaps reflecting limitations of this assessment. Candidates who perform well in one examination tend to perform well in all three examinations.ConclusionsNo selection tool demonstrated strong relationships with scores in all subsequent assessments; however referee reports, multi‐station interviews and total selection scores are indicators for performance in particular assessments. This may engender confidence that candidates admitted into the GS training programme are likely to progress successfully through the programme.
Prefabrication of a Vascularized Bone Graft With Beta Tricalcium Phosphate Using an In Vivo Bioreactor
Authors: Han Dong , Dai Kerong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe aimed to introduce an in vivo bioreactor‐vascular pedicle threaded through the central portion of a scaffold in which a vascularized bone graft was prefabricated using adenoviral human BMP‐2 gene (AdBMP2)‐modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), beta tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), a vessel bundle, and muscularis membrane(group A). As controls, Adβgal‐BMSCs/β‐TCP granules, vessel bundle, and the muscularis membrane (group B); BMSCs/β‐TCP granules, vessel bundle, and muscularis membrane (group C); and β‐TCP granules, vessel bundle, and muscularis membrane (group D) were prepared. Formation of bone tissue and a vascular network was assessed by microangiography and histological methods 4 weeks after prefabrication. New cartilage and bone tissue in the space between β‐TCP granules (mainly endochondral bone) were confirmed by histology, and a de novo vascular network circulating from the vessel bundle through newly formed bone tissue was observed in group A. Formation of bone or cartilage was not observed in the control groups. We concluded that the in vivo bioreactor is a promising method for prefabrication of vascularized functional bone.
WDR45 mutations define a novel disease entity—Static Encephalopathy of Childhood with Neurodegeneration in Adulthood
Authors: Aminkeng F 
Published: May 2013

De novo mutations in the autophagy gene encoding WDR45 cause static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthoodSaitsu et al. (2013)Nature Genetics 45(4): 445–449
Material Editing in Complex Scenes by Surface Light Field Manipulation and Reflectance Optimization
Authors: Nguyen Chuong H. , Scherzer Daniel , Ritschel Tobias , Seidel Hans‐Peter 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis work addresses the challenge of intuitive appearance editing in scenes with complex geometric layout and complex, spatially‐varying indirect lighting. In contrast to previous work, that aimed to edit surface reflectance, our system allows a user to freely manipulate the surface light field. It then finds the best surface reflectance that “explains” the surface light field manipulation. Instead of classic L2 fitting of reflectance to a combination of incoming and exitant illumination, our system infers a sparse L0 change of shading parameters instead. Consequently, our system does not require “diffuse” or “glossiness” brushes or any such understanding of the underlying reflectance parametrization. Instead, it infers reflectance changes from scribbles made by a single simple color brush tool alone: Drawing a highlight will increase Phong specular; blurring a mirror reflection will decrease glossiness; etc. A sparse‐solver framework operating on a novel point‐based, pre‐convolved lighting representation in combination with screen‐space edit upsampling allows to perform editing interactively on a GPU.
Stroke Parameterization
Authors: Schmidt R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present a novel algorithm for generating a planar parameterization of the region surrounding a curve embedded in a 3D surface, which we call a stroke parameterization. The technique, which extends the well‐known Discrete Exponential Map [SGW06], uses the same basic geometric transformations and hence is both efficient and easy‐to‐implement. We also handle self‐intersecting curves, for which a 1–1 map between the original surface and the plane is not possible. Stroke parameterizations provide an ideal coordinate space for solving a variety of computer graphics problems. We present applications including tiling texture and displacement along 3D brush strokes, procedural texturing along 3D paths, and user‐guided crease extraction.
Pose Space Image Based Rendering
Authors: Hilsmann A. , Fechteler P. , Eisert P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper introduces a new image‐based rendering approach for articulated objects with complex pose‐dependent appearance, such as clothes. Our approach combines body‐pose‐dependent appearance and geometry to synthesize images of new poses from a database of examples. A geometric model allows animation and view interpolation, while small details as well as complex shading and reflection properties are modeled by pose‐dependent appearance examples in a database. Correspondences between the images are represented as mesh‐based warps, both in the spatial and intensity domain. For rendering, these warps are interpolated in pose space, i.e. the space of body poses, using scattered data interpolation methods. Warp estimation as well as geometry reconstruction is performed in an offline procedure, thus shifting computational complexity to an a‐priori training phase.
Computing and Fabricating Multiplanar Models
Authors: Chen Desai , Sitthi‐amorn Pitchaya , Lan Justin T. , Matusik Wojciech 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present a method for converting computer 3D models into physical equivalents. More specifically, we address the problem of approximating a 3D textured mesh using a small number of planar polygonal primitives that form a closed surface. This simplified representation allows us to easily manufacture individual components using computer controlled cutters (e.g., laser cutters or CNC machines). These polygonal pieces can be assembled into the final 3D model using internal planar connectors that are manufactured simultaneously. Our shape approximation algorithm iteratively assigns mesh faces to planar segments and slowly deforms these faces towards corresponding segments. This approach ensures that the output for a given closed mesh is still a closed mesh and avoids introducing self‐intersections. After this step we also compute the shape of polygonal connectors that internally hold the whole mesh surface. Both the polygonal surface elements and connectors can be manufactured in a single cutting pass. We validate the use of our method by computing and manufacturing a variety of textured polyhedral models.
Measurement‐Based Synthesis of Facial Microgeometry
Authors: Graham Paul , Tunwattanapong Borom , Busch Jay , Yu Xueming , Jones Andrew , Debevec Paul , Ghosh Abhijeet 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present a technique for generating microstructure‐level facial geometry by augmenting a mesostructure‐level facial scan with detail synthesized from a set of exemplar skin patches scanned at much higher resolution. Additionally, we make point‐source reflectance measurements of the skin patches to characterize the specular reflectance lobes at this smaller scale and analyze facial reflectance variation at both the mesostructure and microstructure scales. We digitize the exemplar patches with a polarization‐based computational illumination technique which considers specular reflection and single scattering. The recorded microstructure patches can be used to synthesize full‐facial microstructure detail for either the same subject or to a different subject. We show that the technique allows for greater realism in facial renderings including more accurate reproduction of skin's specular reflection effects.
A Novel Projection Technique with Detail Capture and Shape Correction for Smoke Simulation
Authors: Wu Xiaoyue , Yang Xubo , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSmoke simulation on a large grid is quite time consuming and most of the computation time is spent on the projection step. We present a novel projection method which produces quite similar visual results as those produced with the traditional projection method, but uses much less computation time. Our method includes two steps: detail‐capture and shape‐correction. The first step preserves most of the smoke details using an efficient DST (Discrete Sine Transformation) Poisson Solver with auxiliary boundary sweeping. The second step maintains the overall flow shape by solving a correcting Poisson equation on a coarse grid. Our algorithm is very fast and quite easy to implement. Experiments show that our projection is approximately 10–30 times faster than the traditional projection with PCG(Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient), while convincingly preserving both the flow details and the overall shape of the smoke.
Landmark‐Guided Elastic Shape Analysis of Spherically‐Parameterized Surfaces
Authors: Kurtek Sebastian , Srivastava Anuj , Klassen Eric , Laga Hamid 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe argue that full surface correspondence (registration) and optimal deformations (geodesics) are two related problems and propose a framework that solves them simultaneously. We build on the Riemannian shape analysis of anatomical and star‐shaped surfaces of Kurtek et al. and focus on articulated complex shapes that undergo elastic deformations and that may contain missing parts. Our core contribution is the re‐formulation of Kurtek et al.'s approach as a constrained optimization over all possible re‐parameterizations of the surfaces, using a sparse set of corresponding landmarks. We introduce a landmark‐constrained basis, which we use to numerically solve this optimization and therefore establish full surface registration and geodesic deformation between two surfaces. The length of the geodesic provides a measure of dissimilarity between surfaces. The advantages of this approach are: (1) simultaneous computation of full correspondence and geodesic between two surfaces, given a sparse set of matching landmarks (2) ability to handle more comprehensive deformations than nearly isometric, and (3) the geodesics and the geodesic lengths can be further used for symmetrizing 3D shapes and for computing their statistical averages. We validate the framework on challenging cases of large isometric and elastic deformations, and on surfaces with missing parts. We also provide multiple examples of averaging and symmetrizing 3D models.
Testing Decision Rules for Categorizing Species’ Extinction Risk to Help Develop Quantitative Listing Criteria for the U.S. Endangered Species Act
Authors: REGAN TRACEY J. , TAYLOR BARBARA L. , THOMPSON GRANT G. , COCHRANE JEAN FITTS , RALLS KATHERINE , RUNGE MICHAEL C. , MERRICK RICHARD 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLack of guidance for interpreting the definitions of endangered and threatened in the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) has resulted in case‐by‐case decision making leaving the process vulnerable to being considered arbitrary or capricious. Adopting quantitative decision rules would remedy this but requires the agency to specify the relative urgency concerning extinction events over time, cutoff risk values corresponding to different levels of protection, and the importance given to different types of listing errors. We tested the performance of 3 sets of decision rules that use alternative functions for weighting the relative urgency of future extinction events: a threshold rule set, which uses a decision rule of x% probability of extinction over y years; a concave rule set, where the relative importance of future extinction events declines exponentially over time; and a shoulder rule set that uses a sigmoid shape function, where relative importance declines slowly at first and then more rapidly. We obtained decision cutoffs by interviewing several biologists and then emulated the listing process with simulations that covered a range of extinction risks typical of ESA listing decisions. We evaluated performance of the decision rules under different data quantities and qualities on the basis of the relative importance of misclassification errors. Although there was little difference between the performance of alternative decision rules for correct listings, the distribution of misclassifications differed depending on the function used. Misclassifications for the threshold and concave listing criteria resulted in more overprotection errors, particularly as uncertainty increased, whereas errors for the shoulder listing criteria were more symmetrical. We developed and tested the framework for quantitative decision rules for listing species under the U.S. ESA. If policy values can be agreed on, use of this framework would improve the implementation of the ESA by increasing transparency and consistency.Evaluando Reglas de Decisión para Categorizar el Riesgo de Extinción de Especies con el Fin de Desarrollar de Criterios Cuantitativos de Alistamiento en el Acta de Especies en Peligro de los EE. UU.
Virtual Garden Computer Program for use in Exploring the Elements of Biodiversity People Want in Cities
Authors: SHWARTZ ASSAF , CHEVAL HELENE , SIMON LAURENT , JULLIARD ROMAIN 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUrban ecology is emerging as an integrative science that explores the interactions of people and biodiversity in cities. Interdisciplinary research requires the creation of new tools that allow the investigation of relations between people and biodiversity. It has been established that access to green spaces or nature benefits city dwellers, but the role of species diversity in providing psychological benefits remains poorly studied. We developed a user‐friendly 3‐dimensional computer program (Virtual Garden [www.tinyurl.com/3DVirtualGarden]) that allows people to design their own public or private green spaces with 95 biotic and abiotic features. Virtual Garden allows researchers to explore what elements of biodiversity people would like to have in their nearby green spaces while accounting for other functions that people value in urban green spaces. In 2011, 732 participants used our Virtual Garden program to design their ideal small public garden. On average gardens contained 5 different animals, 8 flowers, and 5 woody plant species. Although the mathematical distribution of flower and woody plant richness (i.e., number of species per garden) appeared to be similar to what would be expected by random selection of features, 30% of participants did not place any animal species in their gardens. Among those who placed animals in their gardens, 94% selected colorful species (e.g., ladybug [Coccinella septempunctata], Great Tit [Parus major], and goldfish), 53% selected herptiles or large mammals, and 67% selected non‐native species. Older participants with a higher level of education and participants with a greater concern for nature designed gardens with relatively higher species richness and more native species. If cities are to be planned for the mutual benefit of people and biodiversity and to provide people meaningful experiences with urban nature, it is important to investigate people's relations with biodiversity further. Virtual Garden offers a standardized tool with which to explore these relations in different environments, cultures, and countries. It can also be used by stakeholders (e.g., city planners) to consider people's opinions of local design.Programa de Computadora de Jardín Virtual para Uso en la Exploración de los Elementos de Biodiversidad que la Gente Desea en las Ciudades