bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Lycopene and Lycopenoates, Antioxidant Capacity, and Fruit Quality of Buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea[Pursh]Nutt.)
Authors: Riedl Ken M. , Choksi Krunal , Wyzgoski Faith J. , Scheerens Joseph C. , Schwartz Steven J. , Reese R. Neil 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBuffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea[Pursh] Nutt.) has historically been used as an important food source by North American indigenous peoples, but its commercial production has been limited. These plants produce fruits rich in carotenoid and phenolic antioxidants, which may have health benefits that may make buffaloberry commercially valuable. Here, we examined these constituents in the fruit of 7 Dakota‐grown buffaloberry selections. Primary carotenoids were determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectral analysis and by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to be lycopene (0.27 ± 0.02 g/kg FW) and methyl apo‐6’‐lycopenoate (MA6L; 0.32 ± 0.03/kg FW). MA6L comprised the greatest proportion (55%) of carotenoid antioxidants, but its role in human nutrition is still to be evaluated. The fruit contained high total phenolics concentrations (9.06 ± 0.71 g gallic acid equivalents/kg FW). Hydrophilic antioxidant capacity among the 7 selections averaged 49.0 ± 6.6 mmol trolox equivalents/kg FW, respectively, as measured by ferric reducing ability of plasma assay. The soluble solids and titratable acids concentrations were 21% and 2.2%, respectively. This species is adapted to poor soils and can tolerate drier climates. In the Dakotas, buffaloberry flourishes on the American Indian Tribal Reservations, yielding copious amounts of health‐beneficial fruit for fresh and processing markets, making it a potentially valuable new crop for marginal lands.
Storage Study and Quality Evaluation of Coconut Protein Powder
Authors: Naik Aduja , Prakash Maya , R Ravi , Raghavarao KSMS 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCoconut skim milk and insoluble protein are 2 major byproducts in the production of virgin coconut oil. Coconut skim milk was homogenized along with insoluble protein and spray dried to obtain a value‐added product, namely, coconut protein powder (CPP). This study deals with the storage study of CPP under different conditions (refrigerated [control], ambient and accelerated). CPP samples were withdrawn periodically at designated intervals of 15 d for accelerated and control, and 30 d for ambient condition. CPP stored at different conditions exhibited marginal moisture uptake (by 0.74 % w/w for control, 0.76 % w/w for ambient, and 1.26 % w/w for accelerated condition) and as a result, had very little effect on the functional properties of the powder. Withdrawn CPP was tested for sensory quality aspects and subjected to instrumental analysis as well. Withdrawn CPP was incorporated as a milk substitute in dessert (Kheer). Quantitative descriptive analysis of the powder and product (Kheer) showed no significant difference in attributes of CPP during the storage period of 2 mo. Electronic nose analysis revealed that CPP samples were not much different with respect to aroma pattern matching, respectively.
Analysis of Thermal Processing of Table Olives Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Dimou A. , Panagou E. , Stoforos N. G. , Yanniotis S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the present work, the thermal processing of table olives in brine in a stationary metal can was studied through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The flow patterns of the brine and the temperature evolution in the olives and brine during the heating and the cooling cycles of the process were calculated using the CFD code. Experimental temperature measurements at 3 points (2 inside model olive particles and 1 at a point in the brine) in a can (with dimensions of 75 mm × 105 mm) filled with 48 olives in 4% (w/v) brine, initially held at 20 °C, heated in water at 100 °C for 10 min, and thereafter cooled in water at about 20 °C for 10 min, validated model predictions. The distribution of temperature and F‐values and the location of the slowest heating zone and the critical point within the product, as far as microbial destruction is concerned, were assessed for several cases. For the cases studied, the critical point was located at the interior of the olives at the 2nd, or between the 1st and the 2nd olive row from the bottom of the container, the exact location being affected by olive size, olive arrangement, and geometry of the container.
Aroma Characteristic and Volatile Profiling of Carrot Varieties and Quantitative Role of Terpenoid Compounds for Carrot Sensory Attributes
Authors: Fukuda Tomohiko , Okazaki Keiki , Shinano Takuro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe aroma characteristics and volatile profiles of 14 carrot varieties were investigated by sensory evaluations and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry volatile analyses. The sensory map obtained by principal components analysis showed that the sensory attributes comprised 3 categories: sour/green, overall carrot/harsh/ink‐like, and fruity/fresh/sweet. The Kuroda type is characterized by lower intensities of overall carrot/harsh/ink‐like and fruity/fresh/sweet notes. Furthermore, volatile profiling indicated that this type did not have significantly higher amounts of volatiles. Partial least squares regression analysis determined the quantitative contributions to ink‐like, harsh, and fruity carrot aromas; monoterpenes had significant positive correlations with these attributes, while bisabolene isomers had negative correlations. The aroma attribute intensity and contents of volatiles and nutritional compounds are relatively low in the Kuroda type than in other carrot types. This type may be useful for reducing carrot harshness during the development of new carrots with good eating qualities.
Antioxidant Effect of Poleo and Oregano Essential Oil on Roasted Sunflower Seeds
Authors: Quiroga Patricia R. , Grosso Nelson R. , Nepote Valeria 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the stability of sensory and chemical parameters in roasted sunflower seeds supplemented with oregano and poleo essential oils; and the consumer acceptability of this product. Four samples were prepared: plain roasted sunflower seeds (Control = RS‐C), and sunflower seeds added with oregano (RS‐O) or poleo (RS‐P) essential oils or BHT (RS‐BHT). Consumer acceptance was determined on fresh samples. The overall acceptance averages were 6.13 for RS‐C, 5.62 for RS‐P, and 5.50 for RS‐O (9‐point hedonic scale). The addition of BHT showed greater protection against the oxidation process in the roasted sunflower seeds. Oregano essential oil exhibited a greater antioxidant effect during storage than poleo essential oil. Both essential oils (oregano and poleo) provided protection to the product, inhibiting the formation of undesirable flavors (oxidized and cardboard). The antioxidant activity that presents essential oils of oregano and poleo could be used to preserve roasted sunflower seeds.
A novel integrative method for measuring body condition in ecological studies based on physiological dysregulation
Authors: Milot Emmanuel , Cohen Alan A. , Vézina François , Buehler Deborah M. , Matson Kevin D. , Piersma Theunis 
Published: November 2013

Summary

The body condition of free‐ranging animals affects their response to stress, decisions, ability to fulfil vital needs and, ultimately, fitness. However, this key attribute in ecology remains difficult to assess, and there is a clear need for more integrative measures than the common univariate proxies.

We propose a systems biology approach that positions individuals along a gradient from a ‘normal/optimal’ to ‘abnormal/suboptimal’ physiological state based on Mahalanobis distance computed from physiological biomarkers. We previously demonstrated the validity of this approach for studying ageing in humans; here, we illustrate its broad potential for ecological studies.

As an example, we used biomarker data on shorebirds and found that birds with an abnormal condition had a lower maximal thermogenic capacity and higher scores of inflammation, with important implications for their ecology and health. Moreover, Mahalanobis distance captured a signal of condition not detected by the individual biomarkers.

Overall, our results on birds and humans show that individuals with abnormal physiologies are indeed in worse condition. Moreover, our approach appears not to be particularly sensitive to which set of biomarkers is used to assess condition. Consequently, it could be applied easily to existing ecological data sets.

Our approach provides a general, powerful way to measure condition that helps resolve confusion as to how to deal with complex interactions and interdependence among multiple physiological and condition measures. It can be applied directly to topics such as the effect of environmental quality on body condition, risks of health outcomes, mechanisms of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, and mechanisms behind long‐term processes such as senescence.
Testicular migration chronology: do the right and the left testes migrate at the same time? Analysis of 164 human fetuses
Authors: Favorito Luciano A. , Sampaio Francisco J.B. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo determine if the right and the left testes migrate at the same time during the human fetal period.Subjects and MethodsWe studied 164 human fetuses (328 testes) ranging in age from 12 to 35 weeks post‐conception. The fetuses were carefully dissected with the aid of a stereoscopic lens at ×16/25. The abdomen and pelvis were opened to identify and expose the urogenital organs. Testicular position was classified as: (a) Abdominal, when the testis was proximal to the internal ring; (b) Inguinal, when it was found between the internal and external inguinal rings); and (c) Scrotal, when it was inside the scrotum.ResultsThe testes were abdominal in 71% of the cases, inguinal in 9.41%, and scrotal in 19.81%. There was asymmetry in testicular migration in nine cases (5.5%). In three of these nine cases, one testis was situated in the abdomen and the other in the inguinal canal; in another three one testis was situated in the abdomen and the other in the scrotum, and in the remaining three, one testis was in the inguinal canal and the other in the scrotum. In five of the nine cases of asymmetry, the right testis completed the migration first, but this was not statistically significant.ConclusionAsymmetry in testicular migration is a rare event, accounting for <6% of the cases. The right testis seems to complete migration first.
The relevance of time series in molecular ecology and conservation biology
Authors: Habel Jan C. , Husemann Martin , Finger Aline , Danley Patrick D. , Zachos Frank E. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe genetic structure of a species is shaped by the interaction of contemporary and historical factors. Analyses of individuals from the same population sampled at different points in time can help to disentangle the effects of current and historical forces and facilitate the understanding of the forces driving the differentiation of populations. The use of such time series allows for the exploration of changes at the population and intraspecific levels over time. Material from museum collections plays a key role in understanding and evaluating observed population structures, especially if large numbers of individuals have been sampled from the same locations at multiple time points. In these cases, changes in population structure can be assessed empirically. The development of new molecular markers relying on short DNA fragments (such as microsatellites or single nucleotide polymorphisms) allows for the analysis of long‐preserved and partially degraded samples. Recently developed techniques to construct genome libraries with a reduced complexity and next generation sequencing and their associated analysis pipelines have the potential to facilitate marker development and genotyping in non‐model species. In this review, we discuss the problems with sampling and available marker systems for historical specimens and demonstrate that temporal comparative studies are crucial for the estimation of important population genetic parameters and to measure empirically the effects of recent habitat alteration. While many of these analyses can be performed with samples taken at a single point in time, the measurements are more robust if multiple points in time are studied. Furthermore, examining the effects of habitat alteration, population declines, and population bottlenecks is only possible if samples before and after the respective events are included.
SAaaS: a cloud computing service model using semantic‐based agent
Authors: Hsu I‐Ching , Cheng Feng‐Qi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCloud computing, a common business model, provides cloud resources on demand to consumers over the Internet. However, because cloud computing lacks a uniform method of representing knowledge, which can offer customers a comprehensive solution for managing and developing cloud applications, cloud computing has low reuse potential. This work proposes a Semantic Agent as a Service (SAaaS), which was developed using Unified Modeling Language modelling. The SAaaS architecture is based on research into Cloud Computing, Semantic Web and Multi‐Agent Systems. The architecture can be combined with existing cloud service models, such as Software as a Service, Platform as a Service and Infrastructure as a Service, to design intelligent cloud computing applications. To demonstrate the efficacy of SAaaS, a Semantic‐based Project Resources Sharing Platform, an intelligent cloud computing application based on the SAaaS framework, is implemented to provide project resources on demand, consistent with the needs of project members.
Deleterious effect of triple antibiotic paste on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts
Authors: Yadlapati M. , Souza L. C. , Dorn S. , Garlet G. P. , Letra A. , Silva R. M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the cytotoxic effects of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), double antibiotic paste (DAP), minocycline and calcium hydroxide and their influence on cytokine mRNA expression levels on human periodontal ligament (HPDL) fibroblasts.MethodologyTriple antibiotic paste, DAP and Ca(OH)2 test samples were immersed in culture medium and incubated at 37 °C for 24 and 48 h. HPDL cells were seeded at a density of 2 × 104 cells and exposed to either culture media (negative control), 0.1% SDS (positive control), 24‐ or 48‐h elutes of each test material and incubated for 24 h. A multiparametric cytotoxicity assay kit (XTT, NR and CVDE) was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of each test material. Results were analysed using an ELISA plate reader and light absorbances of 450 and 530 nm as references. Cytokine mRNA expression levels in HPDL cells treated with the materials were also investigated using real‐time PCR. Expression levels were calculated using the comparative 2−ΔΔCt method. Statistical analyses included anova followed by Bonferroni correction.ResultsTriple antibiotic paste and minocycline were the most cytotoxic materials when compared with DAP and Ca(OH)2 in all three (XTT, NR and CVDE) assays (P < 0.0001). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found for cytokine gene expression levels after exposure to 24‐ or 48‐h elutes of any of the materials except for IL6, which had significantly higher mRNA levels with the 24‐h TAP elute (P < 0.01).ConclusionCa(OH)2 had a minimal effect on cell viability and cytokine production. The TAP showed deleterious effects on HPDL viability and increased expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL6.
Docetaxel, cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil chemotherapy with concurrent radiation for unresectable advanced urethral carcinoma
Authors: Itoh Jun , Mitsuzuka Koji , Kimura Shingo , Tanaka Takaki , Yamamuro Taku , Yamashita Shinichi , Yamada Shigeyuki , Saito Hideo , Kaiho Yasuhiro , Arai Yoichi 
Published: November 2013

Abstract: The present case report describes two cases of unresectable advanced primary urethral carcinoma. Case 1 was a 61‐year‐old man with squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra that directly invaded into the perineal skin. Case 2 was a 64‐year‐old woman with adenocarcinoma, and solitary lung and lymph node metastases. Both patients received docetaxel/cisplatin/5‐fluorouracil chemotherapy with concurrent radiation. The docetaxel/cisplatin/5‐fluorouracil chemotherapy regimen consisted of docetaxel (75 mg/m2) on day 2, cisplatin (100 mg/m2) on day 2 and 5‐fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2) on days 1 to 5 and was repeated every 4 weeks. Complete response was achieved after two cycles of chemotherapy combined with radiation in case 1. In case 2, complete response was achieved locally after six cycles of chemotherapy combined with radiation, but the solitary lung lesion remained viable. We experienced two cases with advanced urethral carcinoma for whom docetaxel/cisplatin/5‐fluorouracil chemotherapy chemotherapy with radiation was effective.
Testing an extended theory of planned behavior to predict young people's intentions to join a bone marrow donor registry
Authors: Hyde Melissa K. , White Katherine M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to understand the factors, particularly control perceptions and affective reactions, given conflicting findings in previous research, informing younger people's intentions to join a bone marrow registry. Participants (N = 174) completed attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control (PBC), moral norm, anticipated regret, self‐identity, and intention items for registering. The extended TPB (except PBC) explained 67.2% of variance in intention. Further testing is needed as to the volitional nature of registering. Moral norm, anticipated regret, and self‐identity are likely intervention targets for increasing younger people's bone marrow registry participation.
Continuous infusion of propofol or intermittent bolus of tiletamine‐zolazepam in feline night monkeys (Aotus infulatus)
Authors: Galante Rafaela , Muniz José A.P.C. , Castro Paulo H.G. , Amora Dorli S. , Gris Vanessa N. , Carvalho Elizabeth R. , Vilani Ricardo G.D′O.C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough commonly used, dissociative anesthesia results in unsatisfactory and long recovery periods. The intravenous anesthetic propofol seems to be the most advantageous solution. The objectives of this study were to investigate the required infusion rate of propofol to maintain surgical anesthesia and to compare it to tiletamine‐zolazepam in Aotus infulatus.MethodsEight healthy feline night monkeys were anesthetized with propofol (PRO) or tiletamine‐zolazepam (TZ) during 60 minutes. Cardiopulmonary parameters, arterial blood gases and lactate and quality and times to recovery were determined.ResultsMean infusion rate of propofol was 0.53 ± 0.10 mg/kg/minute. Cardiopulmonary effects did not show marked differences between groups. Times for hanging, ventral recumbency, and normal ambulation were lower in PRO. Establishment of desirable anesthetic depth was easier, recovery quality was superior, and lactate levels were lower in PRO.ConclusionsCompared with tiletamine‐zolazepam, minor post‐anesthetic adverse events should be expected with propofol anesthesia, as well as faster and better anesthetic recovery.
Basilar Artery Thrombus vs. Fenestration: A Differential Diagnostic Challenge in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Palazzo Paola , Ruff Michael , Lyerly Michael J. , Alexandrov Andrei V. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTWe present a case of a man presenting with vertigo and nausea who was found to have multifocal infarcts in the posterior circulation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) demonstrated focal widening and central signal dropout in the distal vertebral artery consistent with arterial fenestration. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography showed turbulent flow and a spike waveform suggestive of an intra‐luminal thrombus. This was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) angiography. Following the initiation of dual antiplatelet therapy, the signal abnormalities on transcranial doppler (TCD) resolved suggesting dissolution of the thrombus. This case highlights the diagnostic pitfalls that may arise when relying on only one modality for assessing intracranial vasculature and the importance of clarifying the diagnosis of basilar thrombosis or fenestration.
Successful treatment of a dog with massive 5‐fluorouracil toxicosis
Authors: Friedenberg Steven G. , Brooks Aimee C. , Monnig Andrea A. , Cooper Edward S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation and successful treatment of a dog that ingested a lethal dose (approximately 330 mg/kg) of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU).Case SummaryA 1‐year‐old male intact German Shepherd dog was presented to the Emergency Service of the Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center after ingesting 10 g of 5% 5‐FU cream. The dog rapidly developed refractory seizures and was managed by inducing heavy sedation with phenobarbital, benzodiazepines, ketamine, and propofol, necessitating 48 hours of mechanical ventilation. Seizure activity continued despite these treatments until IV administration of levetiracetam. The dog was discharged from the hospital 6 days after admission and remains neurologically normal currently, with no further seizure activity after 9 months.New Information ProvidedThis report documents the first successful treatment of a dog that ingested > 43 mg/kg of 5‐FU. In this case, the use of rapid decontamination, heavy sedation with anticonvulsant medications including levetiracetam to control seizures, and mechanical ventilation may have contributed to a positive outcome.
IscR Is a Global Regulator Essential for Pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus and Induced by Host Cells
Authors: Lim Jong Gyu , Choi Sang Ho 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

A mutant that exhibited less cytotoxic activity toward INT-407 human intestinal epithelial cells than the wild type was screened from a random transposon mutant library of
Vibrio vulnificus
, and an open reading frame encoding an Fe-S cluster regulator, IscR, was identified using a transposon-tagging method. A mutational analysis demonstrated that IscR contributes to mouse mortality as well as cytotoxicity toward the INT-407 cells, indicating that IscR is essential for the pathogenesis of
V. vulnificus
. A whole-genome microarray analysis revealed that IscR influenced the expression of 67 genes, of which 52 were upregulated and 15 were downregulated. Among these, 12 genes most likely involved in motility and adhesion to host cells, hemolytic activity, and survival under oxidative stress of the pathogen during infection were selected and experimentally verified to be upregulated by IscR. Accordingly, the disruption of
iscR
resulted in a significant reduction in motility and adhesion to INT-407 cells, in hemolytic activity, and in resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H
2
O
2
and
tert
-butyl hydroperoxide (
t
-BOOH). Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that
iscR
expression was induced by exposure of
V. vulnificus
to the INT-407 cells, and the induction appeared to be mediated by ROS generated by the host cells during infection. Consequently, the combined results indicated that IscR is a global regulator that contributes to the overall success in the pathogenesis of
V. vulnificus
by regulating the expression of various virulence and survival genes in addition to Fe-S cluster genes.