bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It’s Conditional: Improving the Measurement of Populism
Authors: Bernhard Laurent , Chueri Juliana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article seeks to advance the literature by improving the measurement of populism in content analyses. Following the conceptualization of the ideational approach, we argue that populist key elements (such as people-centrism and anti-elitism) need to co-occur for a political actor to be considered a populist. Strikingly enough, this conditional requirement only plays a marginal role in empirical analyses thus far. When it comes to the aggregation of populist key elements into a composite measure scholar tend to rely on summary indices. To better differentiate between populists and non-populists, we propose the use of an alternative aggregation procedure, the conditional summary index (CSI). Based on a quantitative content analysis of campaign speeches given by 22 candidates in South American presidential elections (2012–2018), we show that, contrary to the summary index, the CSI only yields positive scores for those politicians that the literature commonly identifies as being populist (i.e., Hugo Chávez, Rafael Correa, Evo Morales and Jair Bolsonaro).
Thinking Blue / Writing Red
Authors: Tumino Stephen 
Published: August 2024

Thinking Blue/Writing Red interrogates contemporary culture across a range of texts, from the pandemic (‘Covid’ and ‘Trump Speak’) to high theory (Melville's narratives) and popular culture (Beyoncé's ‘Formation’ and Super Bowl performance, Twin Peaks , metamodern ‘cli-fi’ films). Inspired by Derrida’s idea of the secret, Tumino examines the significance of social movements (Black Lives Matter, Occupy, alter-globalization) and naïve art (Darger, Ryden) to argue that these texts speak of the secrets that capitalism cannot speak. Contending that the cultural surfaces narrate only the ‘nonsecret,’ that to see the social logic of the culture one must dig into what Bruno Latour questions as the ‘deep dark below,’ Thinking Blue/Writing Red reads these texts to tease out the underlying narratives of the culture of capital.
This book will be of interest to students in several disciplines, including philosophy, literary and cultural studies, film studies, women's studies, critical race studies, history, LGBTQ+ studies and environmental studies.
1. Marxism
Authors: Tumino Stephen 
Published: August 2024

Chapter One ("Marxism") argues that among all contesting social theories now, only Orthodox Marxism has been able to produce an integrated knowledge of the existing social totality and provide lines of praxis that will lead to building a society free from necessity. It outlines the distinguishing marks of Orthodox Marxism and provides a polemical map of the contestations over Orthodox Marxism within the Marxist theories now to explain why any emancipatory theory has to be founded on recognition of the priority of Marx's labor theory of value and not repeat the technological determinism of corporate theory ('knowledge work') that masquerades as social theory today.
The chapter puts on display the parody of politics that has taken over left politics in the US and Europe. A parody in which — after the dead-end of the designer socialisms of postmarxisms — suddenly everyone is an ‘orthodox’ Marxist. Parody is always the effect of a slippage and the slippage here is that in spite of the sudden popularity of ‘orthodox’ Marxism, the actual theories and practices of the newly orthodox are more than ever before flexodox. 'Orthodox' Marxism has become the latest cover by which the bourgeois left authenticates its radical credentials and proceeds to legitimate the economics of the ruling class and its anti-proletarian politics. In Orthodox Marxism class is the central issue. But in the flexodox parody masquerading as orthodox Marxism today class is turned into a useless Habermasian communicative act.
Keywords: Orthodox Marxism; Slavoj Žižek; Judith Butler; Rosemary Hennessy; Michael Sprinker; cultural theory; labor theory; ideology; class; capitalism; inequality.
4. Affect
Authors: Tumino Stephen 
Published: August 2024

Chapter Four ("Affect"): Every year the Modern Language Association of America (MLA), which gives (or denies) legitimacy to ideas and practices in the teaching of the humanities in the United States (which is then followed in most other institutions abroad), publishes a book titled Profession. Profession 2008 is no exception: it is a collection of essays that, in the name of debating various modes of teaching, produces what is in effect a coerced consensus—a consensus that, for example, inhibits critique and contestations of ideas (Rita Felski, Gerald Graff, Peter Brooks), limits experimental modes of knowledge ("Stopping Cultural Studies"), and offers empty talk about humanities and human rights without ever offering a critique that would make it clear that "human rights" are essentially rights to own and trade in the "free" market. In this chapter I focus on the structure which shapes the different discourses that explains what is behind the consensus—what I will call the pedagogy of affect. The pedagogy of affect represents itself as an open space attuned to difference that is positioned as a retreat from which to assess what does and does not work in the university so as to manage the contradictions that have arisen there from the conflict between capital and labor. It represents itself above all therefore as a place where these conflicts can be considered "reasonably," with all its associations of nonpartisan neutrality, and relegates to an "ideological" past the university as site of commitment to theory for social transformation.
Keywords: affect; pedagogy; Rita Felski, Gerald Graff, Peter Brooks; queer; academe; Modern Language Association of America (MLA).
10. Trump Speak
Authors: Tumino Stephen 
Published: August 2024

Chapter Ten ("Trump Speak"): Trump bragged about how the US has done a "beautiful job" because "only" upwards of 120,000 and counting had died of coronavirus at the time. Although this particular example of Trump Speak had been widely commented on because the commenters did not analyze its class politics the commentary itself was a diversion that served to normalize the prevailing cynicism of Americans toward politics so perfectly captured in Trump's "mission accomplished" speech. To understand how such a comment could be so normalized that despite the "buzz" it generated it is treated as hardly worthy of serious analysis and critique requires an investigation into the cultural politics of interpretation. Such an investigation, however, requires abstract concepts that in the mainstream commentary are widely taken to be irrelevant as well as elitist. After an investigation in which I use Roland Barthes discourse theory to read the Liberal "readerly" interpretation of Trump Speak as well as the "writerly" interpretation given by Right-wingers such a Peter Thiel, I go beyond the cultural politics of interpretation by arguing for Marx's concept of the "speecherly" function of language as a relay of class. Reading, I argue, is always the cultural effect of class. Reading, in other words, is not an isolated act of "readerly" interpretation (discovering "the truth"), nor is it an ethical "writerly" performance (making "truth"). Reading, rather, is a social process that is needed to train the workforce to submit to being exploited by capital. The fact that Trump can brag about the necronomics of the US so openly and it is not exposed for what it is at bottom—the failure of capitalism—is a testament to the underlying ideological consensus between Trump Speak and his American audience.
Keywords: Trump; Barthes; ideology; Covid-19 pandemic.
12. Critique
Authors: Tumino Stephen 
Published: August 2024

Chapter Twelve ("Critique"): According to Bruno Latour, the radical project of critique has "run out of steam" because the binary organization of power that gave "critique its steam and modernism its impetus" ("Compositionist," 477) has been displaced by a new "flat" world; a "biological and cultural network" (472) composed of "billions of people and their trillions of [nonhuman] affliates and commensals" (477) collectively engaged in "composing" a "common world" with "the certainty that this common world has to be built from utterly heterogenous parts that will never make up a whole" (474). It is of course telling that on these terms, cultural theory must abandon even the "mere invocation of the word capitalism" ("Affects," 9) as a way to systematically connect and explain such cultural events as part of the global series of struggles over social resources. The result is to discourage inquiry into the root cause of critique in the social —where, as Marx says, "critique represents a class" ("Postface to Second Edition of Capital") whose dehumanized condition stands as the "ruthless critique of all that exists" (Marx to Ruge, 1843)—and to direct the focus instead to the alien appearance of critique in the everyday because of its defamiliarization of the "normal" (in the Kuhnian sense) mode of sense- making. The dominant attack on ideology critique—whether from the Right or the Left, from above or below, in the academy or in the popular culture—relies on a sentimentality, which is itself the product of the anti-intellectualism of popular media, that makes complex thinking out to be the other of life itself. The (post)critique of the (post)humanities advanced by Rita Felski, for instance, a close supporter of Latourian descriptivism and phenomenalism in such texts as The Uses of Literature (2008), The Limits of Critique (2015), Critique and Postcritique (2017), and Latour and the Humanities (ed. Felski, 2020) is in the end, not ideologically very far from the post-truth politics of Trumpism, which wants to purge the cultural lexicon of its alienating languages so as to liberate the "spirit" of the people from the "tyranny" of "experts" and "elites". But the task of the humanities—if they are to live up to the urgent requirements of the present moment—is to resist the encroaching authoritarianism of this manufactured faux populism and take a stand on the unrelenting necessity of critique against the brutality of class.
Keywords: critique; postcritique; Bruno Latour; Rita Felski; class; posthumanities.
13. Covid
Authors: Tumino Stephen 
Published: August 2024

Chapter Thirteen ("Covid"): The global Covid-19 pandemic is not a causeless "event," nor a return of repressed "nature," but the intensification of the underlying conflict between the global organization of labor and private ownership for profit. Millions are losing their jobs and health care as companies downsize or go bust from what was not only a foreseeable but foreseen global health problem because of an economy that puts profits before needs. Such a crisis would not have been allowed to occur in a centrally planned socialist society run by the workers, who are becoming all too aware of the dangers posed by the commodification of human needs for profit. And yet, the revelation of this basic economic truth in the wake of the pandemic is occulted by the post-al Left, who use an "event-al" (Badiou) logic that disconnects effects from their underlying causes lying in the exploitation of labor by capital, to make the pandemic seem a break from the "normal" order rather than its inevitable result. It might be laughable that the philosopher of the event, in encountering what is by his own parameters an "event," declares the global pandemic and subsequent economic crash "uneventful," due merely to the "apocalyptic" rhetoric of "revolutionaries" ("On the Epidemic Situation"). But it is a manifestation of the wider Left abandonment of revolutionary theory and praxis, the consequences of which have been devastating for the struggle to abolish the class relations that prioritize profit over social need.
Keywords: Covid-19; Badiou; pandemic; capitalism.
Radar-Derived Convective Features and Atmospheric Environments of Hail-Producing Storms over the Contiguous United States
Authors: Vasquez Edward R. , Liu Chuntao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hail smaller than 0.75 in. is known to cause economic impacts yet remains understudied due to report biases towards recording larger hail sizes (≤1 in.). In this study, we assembled ground hail reports during 2017–22 from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Storm Data, Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS), and Meteorological Phenomena Identification Near the Ground (mPING) databases. Then, these reports are collocated with the attributes of radar-derived convective features from the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system and fifth major global reanalysis produced by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) atmospheric vertical profiles to construct a dataset describing properties of a full spectrum of hailstorms. The characteristics of radar reflectivity and atmospheric profiles are examined for hail of different sizes reported within selected regions over the contiguous United States (CONUS). In addition to the seasonal and diurnal variations, the morphology of convective features shows apparent regional differences from west to east in CONUS. The maximum expected size of hail (MESH) performance against reported hail sizes shows underestimation of hail with significant sizes and overestimation of small hail sizes. ERA5 vertical atmospheric profiles are explored to form relationships between storm environment and hail sizes. In addition to the relationships between wind shear and hail sizes, the roles of low-level relative humidity and freezing level height in regard to hail melting are discussed.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Induced Sinonasal Disease: Review of Literature and FDA Database
Authors: Pak Kaitlynne Y. , Nadeem Wasiq , Lee Victor , Tang Dennis M. , Wu Arthur W. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a rapidly expanding class of oncologic therapies whose mechanism of action can result in unique immune-related adverse events (irAEs) not seen in other cancer therapeutics. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of sinonasal irAEs with these medications. Methods: A case report of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) caused by an ICI is presented and was the impetus for this review. Review of the literature using Pubmed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed. Additionally, we searched the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database for sinonasal AEs in the 7 FDA-approved ICIs. Results: We demonstrate an emerging scientific literature describing cases of CRS associated with multiple ICIs with a particular predilection toward TH2 driven phenotypes. Review of the FAERS also demonstrates a small percentage of patients who report sinonasal complaints after initiating ICI therapy. Conclusion: Sinonasal symptoms and the development of CRS, in particular, are not currently well recognized as potential irAEs for ICIs. Increased awareness and further study may help to elucidate if these are more common than currently reported and if irAE-related CRS is a unique phenotype.
Human–Robot Collaboration With a Corrective Shared Controlled Robot in a Sanding Task
Authors: Konstant Anna , Orr Nitzan , Hagenow Michael , Gundrum Isabelle , Hu Yu Hen , Mutlu Bilge , Zinn Michael , Gleicher Michael , Radwin Robert G. 
Published: August 2024

Objective Physical and cognitive workloads and performance were studied for a corrective shared control (CSC) human–robot collaborative (HRC) sanding task. Background Manual sanding is physically demanding. Collaborative robots (cobots) can potentially reduce physical stress, but fully autonomous implementation has been particularly challenging due to skill, task variability, and robot limitations. CSC is an HRC method where the robot operates semi-autonomously while the human provides real-time corrections. Methods Twenty laboratory participants removed paint using an orbital sander, both manually and with a CSC robot. A fully automated robot was also tested. Results The CSC robot improved subjective discomfort compared to manual sanding in the upper arm by 29.5%, lower arm by 32%, hand by 36.5%, front of the shoulder by 24%, and back of the shoulder by 17.5%. Muscle fatigue measured using EMG, was observed in the medial deltoid and flexor carpi radialis for the manual condition. The composite cognitive workload on the NASA-TLX increased by 14.3% for manual sanding due to high physical demand and effort, while mental demand was 14% greater for the CSC robot. Digital imaging showed that the CSC robot outperformed the automated condition by 7.16% for uniformity, 4.96% for quantity, and 6.06% in total. Conclusions In this example, we found that human skills and techniques were integral to sanding and can be successfully incorporated into HRC systems. Humans performed the task using the CSC robot with less fatigue and discomfort. Applications The results can influence implementation of future HRC systems in manufacturing environments.
Reproducibility for carotid wall segmentation using T1-weighted DANTE-SPACE sequence on high-resolution 3-T carotid MRI
Authors: Won So Yeon , Lee Kijeong , Shin Ilah , Choi Hyun Seok , Choi Jai Ho , Kim Bum-Soo , Shin Yong Sam 
Published: August 2024

Background T1-weighted (T1W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the delay alternating with nutation for excitation-sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution (DANTE-SPACE) is the preferred imaging technique for evaluation of the vessel wall. Purpose To evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reproducibility of carotid wall segmentation on T1W DANTE-SPACE in patients with symptomatic (acute stroke or transient ischemic attack) internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Material and Methods This prospective study included 25 patients with acute (≤3 months) stroke or transient ischemic attack and 50%–99% stenosis of the ICA. All patients underwent 3.0-T high-resolution carotid MRI. Two radiologists independently performed the manual segmentation of the vessel wall and inner lumen of the bilateral carotid artery on DANTE-SPACE. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and Hausdorff distance (HD) were calculated. Results The ICCs for intra-rater reproducibility of carotid wall volume, inner lumen volume, and normalized wall index were 0.965, 0.990, and 0.962, respectively. The ICCs for inter-rater reproducibility of carotid wall volume, inner lumen, and normalized wall index were 0.856, 0.981, and 0.904. DSC and HD for intra- and inter-rater reproducibility of carotid wall segmentation were as follows: 0.873 and 0.809 (DSC); and 0.079 and 0.118 (HD), respectively. For evaluation of reproducibility only in the carotid artery with symptomatic stenosis, the ICCs for intra- and inter-rater reproducibility indicated all perfect agreement. Conclusion T1W DANTE-SPACE is a reproducible sequence for evaluation of the carotid wall using carotid MRI in patients with symptomatic ICA stenosis.
Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Tumour: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Muthukumarappan Kumudavalli , Menon Maya 
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims: Interdigitating dendritic cell tumour/sarcoma (IDCS) is an exceedingly uncommon and aggressive tumour with a dismal prognosis. IDCS arises from antigen-presenting cells, which involve nodal and extranodal sites. The aim of the study is to evaluate a case of IDCS and its diagnostic challenges. Methods: A 21-year-old female with no comorbidities, a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy and an excision biopsy of the lymph node shows atypical mononuclear infiltrates that were immunohistochemically positive for S100-diffuse, CD68, LCA and Ki67. Results: Here, we report a single case of IDCS with a tumour arising from the lymph node and bone marrow infiltration. Discussion: IDCS is an aggressive disease with uncertain behaviour; strong suspicion is required to establish a diagnosis.
Evaluation of Weight, Height, Body Mass Index, and Nutritional Status of Children With and Without Orofacial Cleft in Nigeria
Authors: Egbunah Uchenna P. , Zhu Yaner T. , Ratz Tiara , Hauri Dimitri D. , Thor Andreas L.I. , Adeyemo Wasiu L. 
Published: August 2024

Objective To compare the weight, height, BMI and nutritional status of patients with and without cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CLP). Design Cross-sectional study Setting Lagos University Teaching Hospital Patients, participants Patients with CLP and a control group of participants without CLP aged between 1 month and 6 years. All patients in the CLP group had not received surgical or nutritional intervention. Outcome measures Weight, height, BMI, their respective percentiles, and nutritional status according to the WHO 2006 growth curves of participants Results Patients with CLP (n = 60, 21 males, 39 females, mean age: 19.1 months) had significantly lower percentile weight and height compared to those of controls (n = 60, 26 females, mean age, 23.6 months) in univariate analyses (all p < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression revealed significant interactions with age group for weight. In addition, proportions of underweight and short stature were significantly higher in the CLP group compared to the control group (all p < 0.05), and these significant differences were dependent on the age group with between-group significant differences only in age groups less than 25 months. Conclusions Overall, patients with CLP had significantly lower weight, height, BMI and nutritional status than their unaffected peers, and these differences were dependent on age group. Significantly lower nutritional status was seen in patients with CLP up to 24 months of age, which highlights the need for early nutritional intervention in the management of CLP.
Robotic spinal angiography: A single-center experience
Authors: Shekhtman Oleg , Sioutas Georgios S , Dagli Mert Marcel , Matache Irina-Mihaela , Pukenas Bryan A , Jankowitz Brian T , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Srinivasan Visish M 
Published: August 2024

Background and objectives Robotic neurointervention enhances procedural precision, reduces radiation risk, and improves care access. Originally for interventional cardiology, the CorPath GRX platform has been used in neurointerventions. Recent studies highlight robotic cerebral angiography benefits, but information on spinal angiography is limited. While a new generation of robotic solutions is on the horizon, this series evaluates our experience with the CorPath GRX in spinal angiographic procedures, addressing a key gap in neurointerventional research. Methods In this single-center retrospective case series, we analyzed 11 patients who underwent robotic-assisted diagnostic procedures with the CorPath GRX system from February 2022 to March 2023 at our institution. A descriptive synthesis was performed on the demographic, baseline, surgical, and postoperative data collected. Results The average age of the 11 patients was 54 ± 20.34 years, with six (54.55%) female. The mean body mass index was 29.58 ± 7.86, and 7 (63.64%) were non-smokers. Of the 11 procedures using the CorPath GRX system, four (36.36%) were partially converted to manual technique. General anesthesia was used in nine cases (81.82%), and right-side femoral access in ten (90.91%) patients. Mean fluoroscopy time was 24.81 ± 10.19 min, contrast dose 174.09 ± 57.31 mL, dose area product 472.23 ± 437.57 Gy·cm², and air kerma 2438.84 ± 2107.06 mGy. No robot-related complications and minimal procedure-related complications were reported. Conclusion The CorPath GRX system, a robotic-assisted platform, has proven reliable and safe in spinal angiography, evidenced by its enhanced procedural accuracy and reduced radiation exposure for operators.