bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A finite element model for pre‐stressed or post‐tensioned concrete wind turbine towers
Authors: Kenna A. , Basu B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWind turbine support towers have been traditionally formed of structural steel tubular sections, being fabricated in large sections under factory conditions before being transported to site for erection. Given the trend towards developing turbines with hub heights in excess of 90 m, it is now necessary to develop towers of concrete and other materials that can provide improved dynamic properties and ease transportation difficulties over the structural steel solutions. Concrete towers of this height require pre‐stressing to overcome high vertical stresses induced in bending, which would otherwise lead to cracking in the concrete, with a resulting reduction in the tower's natural frequency. In order to properly understand the behaviour of concrete towers, it is necessary to take account of both material and geometric non‐linearity. Material non‐linearity of concrete is well understood, and geometric non‐linearity arises because of the imposition of an initial stress into the concrete by way of the application of pre‐stress. In this paper, a finite element model is proposed, which will describe the concrete as a continuum of four‐noded, two‐dimensional Reisser–Mindlin shell elements. The pre‐stressing tendons are to be represented by one‐dimensional bar elements, with an imposed pre‐stress. For the numerical examples considered in the paper, tendons are modelled to be post‐tensioned and debonded. The effect of varying the design parameter of magnitude of pre‐stress and the time dependence of pre‐stress force has been investigated using the model described. The impact that concrete compressive strength had on overall tower stiffness was also investigated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal Structures and Photoluminescence Properties of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers with “Y”‐Shaped Ligands
Authors: Tang Long , Bai Liang , Duan Yaping , Xia Wei , Dong Wenwen , Li Dongsheng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThree ZnII and CdII complexes with Y‐shaped dicarboxylate ligands, namely [Zn(L1)(2,2′‐bpy)2(H2O)]·2H2O (1), [Zn(L1)(bpp)(H2O)] (2), and [Cd(L1)(H2O)]·H2O (3) [H2L1 = N‐phenyliminodiacetic acid, 2,2′‐bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, bpp = 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane] were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. Compound 1 shows an hydrogen‐bonded 2D network, whereas compound 2 is an infinite 1D wavy chain structure, though O–H···O hydrogen‐bonded to form a 2D network. Compound 3 displays a 2D uninodal 3‐connected Shubnikov plane net with the point symbol of (4.82). Moreover, the solid‐state such as thermal stabilities and fluorescence properties of 1–3 were also investigated.
Effects of the combination of TRC105 and bevacizumab on endothelial cell biology
Authors: Liu Yingmiao , Tian Hongyu , Blobe Gerard C. , Theuer Charles P. , Hurwitz Herbert I. , Nixon Andrew B. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryEndoglin, or CD105, is a cell membrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed on proliferating endothelial cells (EC), including those found in malignancies and choroidal neovascularization. Endoglin mediates the transition from quiescent endothelium, characterized by the relatively dominant state of Smad 2/3 phosphorylation, to active angiogenesis by preferentially phosphorylating Smad 1/5/8. The monoclonal antibody TRC105 binds endoglin with high avidity and is currently being tested in phase 1b and phase 2 clinical trials. In this report, we evaluated the effects of TRC105 on primary human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) as a single agent and in combination with bevacizumab. As single agents, both TRC105 and bevacizumab efficiently blocked HUVEC tube formation, and the combination of both agents achieved even greater levels of inhibition. We further assessed the effects of each drug on various aspects of HUVEC function. While bevacizumab was observed to inhibit HUVEC viability in nutrient-limited medium, TRC105 had little effect on HUVEC viability, either alone or in combination with bevacizumab. Additionally, both drugs inhibited HUVEC migration and induced apoptosis. At the molecular level, TRC105 treatment of HUVEC lead to decreased Smad 1/5/8 phosphorylation in response to BMP-9, a primary ligand for endoglin. Together, these results indicate that TRC105 acts as an effective anti-angiogenic agent alone and in combination with bevacizumab.
Differential Response to an Algae Supplement High in DHA Mediated by Maternal Periconceptional Diet: Intergenerational Effects of n‐6 Fatty Acids
Authors: Clayton Edward H. , Lamb Tracy A. , Refshauge Gordon , Kerr Matthew J. , Bailes Kristy L. , Ponnampalam Eric N. , Friend Michael A. , Hopkins David L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlgae high in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may provide a source of long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn‐3PUFA) for inclusion in the diet of lambs to improve the LCn‐3PUFA status of meat. The effect of background LCn‐3PUFA status on the metabolism of high DHA algae is, however, unknown. The aim of the current study was to determine whether the response to a high in DHA algae supplement fed to lambs for six weeks prior to slaughter was mediated by a maternal periconceptional diet. Forty Poll Dorset × Border Leicester × Merino weaner lambs were allocated to receive either a ration based on oat grain, lupin grain, and chopped lucerne (control) or the control ration with DHA‐Gold™ algae included at 1.92 % DM (Algae) based on whether the dams of lambs had previously been fed a diet high in n‐3 or n‐6 around conception. LCn‐3PUFA concentration was determined in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) prior to and following feeding. The concentrations of EPA and DHA in the plasma and RBC of lambs receiving the control ration were significantly (p < 0.001) lower when lambs received the ration for 14 days compared with pre‐feeding concentrations. The concentrations of EPA and DHA were also significantly (p < 0.001) higher when lambs consumed the Algae ration compared with the control ration for 42 days. The increase in EPA and DHA was, however, significantly (p < 0.05) lower if lamb dams had previously been fed a diet high in n‐6 at conception. Assessing the previous nutrition and n‐3 status of lambs may allow producers to more accurately predict the likely response to supplements high in LCn‐3PUFA, particularly, DHA.
T2* MRI changes in the heart and liver of ex-thalassemic patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Hamidieh Amir Ali , Tayebi Sirous , Moeininia Fatemeh , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza , Behfar Maryam , Alimoghaddam Kamran , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir , Hamidieh Amir Ali , Tayebi Sirous , Moeininia Fatemeh , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza , Behfar Maryam , Alimoghaddam Kamran , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND:
Non-invasive methods like MRI-based techniques have been considered recently for assessment of liver and heart status in patients with thalassemia major (TM). The purpose of this study is to examine the alterations of hepatic and myocardial T2* MRI values in TM patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) just before starting chelation therapy.

PROCEDURE:
The study included fifty-two TM patients with mean age of 7.6 years who were referred to our center for HSCT. Before HSCT, patients underwent liver biopsy to determine fibrosis stage based on the Lucarelli classification. Hepatic and myocardial T2* values before and 6 months after transplantation were measured and analyzed.

RESULTS:
There was not a statistically significant increase in myocardial T2* values after HSCT (p-value = 0.35). Hepatic T2* values significantly decreased after HSCT (p-value <0.001), showing the liver status has been worsened. In subgroup analysis, post-HSCT hepatic T2* values (adjusted for baseline values) were significantly higher in patients with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) compared to non-GvHD patients (p-value = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS:
The issue of iron overload is still remained as the main problem in ex-thalassemic patients after HSCT. We found T2* MRI technique a quite beneficial method for following up the patients after transplantation. Obviously, planning large controlled trials associated with liver biopsy results after transplantation is required.
Hegemony, Contestation, and Empowerment: The Politics of Law and Society Studies in South Korea
Authors: LEE Chulwoo 
Published: July 2014

The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways. The point, however, is to change it.(Karl Marx, Theses on Feuerbach, 1845)It can never be the task of an empirical science to provide binding norms and ideals from which directives for immediate practical activity can be derived.(Max Weber, Objectivity of Social Science and Social Policy, 1904)AbstractThis paper traces the development of law and society studies in South Korea, elucidates the political implications of the academic practices of law and society scholars, and identifies the forms of their political engagement. It canvasses the situation of law and society studies in the pre- and post-Liberation periods and analyzes the changes that have occurred since law and society came to be studied and taught in universities. The paper shows how the early generations of scholarship were sidestepped in the 1980s by the so-called “third-generation legal scholarship” and delineates the counter-hegemonic movement launched by the new generation of scholars. It throws light on the empowerment of critical law and society scholars in the post-democratization phases of the 1990s and 2000s, when many of those scholars actively participated in policy-making and civil advocacy, and discusses the tensions in those developments.
Structural Mechanism, Law, and the Dalit Question in India
Authors: BERG Dag-Erik 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper argues that the Dalit situation of caste-based oppression in India could be characterized by the enduring co-existence of upward social mobility and atrocities. While being a common-sense understanding, the paper suggests that the relation between upward social mobility and enduring atrocity could be referred to as a “structural mechanism” in the Dalit situation. The concept is used to explain the Dalit problem. Moreover, this structural mechanism sheds more light on developments and discursive breaks in the legal context. A central lesson in the post-colonial period is that the problem of “untouchables” could not simply be conceptualized as a problem of civil law and untouchability. Rather, the problem of atrocities created demands and a need to make caste-based atrocities a concern for criminal law. Ambedkar’s significance as a symbol of Dalit assertion could be viewed in connection with the structural mechanism of Dalit achievements and caste-based exclusion.
EPIPHANIES OF SOVEREIGNTY AND THE RITE OF JADE DISC IMMERSION IN WEFT NARRATIVES
Authors: Espesset Grégoire 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article deals with facets of the political ideology of late pre-imperial and early imperial China as documented by remnants of a dozen texts belonging to an under-explored genre known in English as weft (wei緯) writings or the “Confucian Apocrypha.” Its focus is on the transcendence of hierarchy and sovereignty, the transfer of dynastic legitimacy, and the pragmatic vehicle of “tangible” revelation. After a terminological introduction, the study turns to weft concepts of society and sovereignty as being consubstantial with the intrinsic hierarchical order of the universe, then moves on to explore how these concepts are dealt with in a cluster of weft narrative materials. Focused on a rite of jade disc immersion, the final section bridges the gap between the “mythical” sphere of weft narrative and conventional history, showing how some weft ideas actually determined political action. Weft theories contributed to the formation of the early imperial ideas of sovereignty and legitimacy and remained active throughout the early medieval era, having a lasting impact on the political sphere as well as liturgical practices intended to reenact the transcendent experience of epiphany.
On linear instability mechanisms in incompressible open cavity flow
Authors: Meseguer-Garrido F. , de Vicente J. , Valero E. , Theofilis V. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA theoretical study of linear global instability of incompressible flow over a rectangular spanwise-periodic open cavity in an unconfined domain is presented. Comparisons with the limited number of results available in the literature are shown. Subsequently, the parameter space is scanned in a systematic manner, varying Reynolds number, incoming boundary-layer thickness and length-to-depth aspect ratio. This permits documenting the neutral curves and leading eigenmode characteristics of this flow. Correlations constructed using the results obtained collapse all available theoretical data on the three-dimensional instabilities.
Suspension dynamics: moving beyond steady
Authors: Butler Jason E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe dynamics of flowing, concentrated suspensions of non-colloidal particles continues to surprise, despite decades of work and the widespread importance of suspension transport properties to industrial processes and natural phenomena. Blanc, Lemaire & Peters (J. Fluid Mech., 2014, vol. 746, R4) report a striking example. They probed the time-dependent dynamics of concentrated suspensions of rigid and neutrally buoyant spheres by simultaneously measuring the oscillatory rheology and the sedimentation rate of a falling ball. The sedimentation velocity of the ball through the suspension depends strongly on the frequency of oscillation, though the rheology was found to be independent of frequency. The results demonstrate the complexities of suspension flows and highlight opportunities for improving models by exploring suspension dynamics and rheology over a wide range of conditions, beyond steady and unidirectional ones.
Global modes, receptivity, and sensitivity analysis of diffusion flames coupled with duct acoustics
Authors: Magri Luca , Juniper Matthew P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this theoretical and numerical paper, we derive the adjoint equations for a thermo-acoustic system consisting of an infinite-rate chemistry diffusion flame coupled with duct acoustics. We then calculate the thermo-acoustic system’s linear global modes (i.e. the frequency/growth rate of oscillations, together with their mode shapes), and the global modes’ receptivity to species injection, sensitivity to base-state perturbations and structural sensitivity to advective-velocity perturbations. Some of these could be found by finite difference calculations but the adjoint analysis is computationally much cheaper. We then compare these with the Rayleigh index. The receptivity analysis shows the regions of the flame where open-loop injection of fuel or oxidizer will have the greatest influence on the thermo-acoustic oscillation. We find that the flame is most receptive at its tip. The base-state sensitivity analysis shows the influence of each parameter on the frequency/growth rate. We find that perturbations to the stoichiometric mixture fraction, the fuel slot width and the heat-release parameter have most influence, while perturbations to the Péclet number have the least influence for most of the operating points considered. These sensitivities oscillate, e.g. positive perturbations to the fuel slot width either stabilizes or destabilizes the system, depending on the operating point. This analysis reveals that, as expected from a simple model, the phase delay between velocity and heat-release fluctuations is the key parameter in determining the sensitivities. It also reveals that this thermo-acoustic system is exceedingly sensitive to changes in the base state. The structural-sensitivity analysis shows the influence of perturbations to the advective flame velocity. The regions of highest sensitivity are around the stoichiometric line close to the inlet, showing where velocity models need to be most accurate. This analysis can be extended to more accurate models and is a promising new tool for the analysis and control of thermo-acoustic oscillations.
Ellipsoidal drop impact on a solid surface for rebound suppression
Authors: Yun Sungchan , Lim Geunbae 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNon-axisymmetric drops can significantly alter impact dynamics via rebound suppression when compared to axisymmetric drops. In this study, we focus on ellipsoidal drop impact on a non-wetting surface and investigate the effects of the geometric aspect ratio ($\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}{AR}$) and the Weber number (${\mathit{We}}$) on the dynamics and outcomes of impacts, both experimentally and numerically. Non-axisymmetric spreading features are characterized by scrutinizing the maximal extensions along the $x$-axis ($D_{mx}$) and $y$-axis ($D_{my}$) with respect to ${AR}$ and ${\mathit{We}}$. The ratio of the maximal extensions depends strongly on ${AR}$, following our scaling relation $D_{mx}/D_{my} \sim {AR}^{1/2}$. Experimental and numerical studies show that increasing ${AR}$ induces a high degree of axis switching during retraction, thereby resulting in the prevention of drop rebound, where axis switching denotes alternate expansion and contraction along the principal axes. We determine the transition between rebound and deposition (rebound suppression) over the ${AR}$ and ${\mathit{We}}$ domains and discuss the transition based on a non-axial distribution of the kinetic energy. The understanding of ellipsoidal drop impacts will potentially provide applications to surface patterning, cleaning, and cooling.
Transitional shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions in hypersonic flow
Authors: Sandham N. D. , Schülein E. , Wagner A. , Willems S. , Steelant J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractStrong interactions of shock waves with boundary layers lead to flow separations and enhanced heat transfer rates. When the approaching boundary layer is hypersonic and transitional the problem is particularly challenging and more reliable data is required in order to assess changes in the flow and the surface heat transfer, and to develop simplified models. The present contribution compares results for transitional interactions on a flat plate at Mach 6 from three different experimental facilities using the same instrumented plate insert. The facilities consist of a Ludwieg tube (RWG), an open-jet wind tunnel (H2K) and a high-enthalpy free-piston-driven reflected shock tunnel (HEG). The experimental measurements include shadowgraph and infrared thermography as well as heat transfer and pressure sensors. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are carried out to compare with selected experimental flow conditions. The combined approach allows an assessment of the effects of unit Reynolds number, disturbance amplitude, shock impingement location and wall cooling. Measures of intermittency are proposed based on wall heat flux, allowing the peak Stanton number in the reattachment regime to be mapped over a range of intermittency states of the approaching boundary layer, with higher overshoots found for transitional interactions compared with fully turbulent interactions. The transition process is found to develop from second (Mack) mode instabilities superimposed on streamwise streaks.
PSO-Lyapunov motion/force control of robot arms with model uncertainties
Authors: Mehdi Haifa , Boubaker Olfa 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYA method for motion/force control of robot arms with model uncertainties is presented. Tracking control of complex trajectories is guaranteed using a Lyapunov approach with high-precision performance ensured using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Tracking performance and robustness are simulated for a robotic device for limb rehabilitation that is designed to be adapted easily to different subjects by considering model parameter uncertainties. Controller parameters are optimized offline using the PSO algorithm with Lyapunov stability conditions considered as inequality constraints. Using the control scheme, the robot can guide limbs on smooth and non-smooth trajectories, under model uncertainties and measurement noise.
Nanopillar Fabrication with Focused Ion Beam Cutting
Authors: Kuzmin Oleksii V. , Pei Yutao T. , De Hosson Jeff T.M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA versatile method to fabricate taper-free micro-/nanopillars of large aspect ratio was developed with focused ion beam (FIB) cutting. The key features of the fabrication are a FIB with an incident angle of 90° to the long axis of the pillar that enables milling of the pillar sideways avoiding tapering and the FIB current can be reduced step by step so as to reduce possible radiation damage of the milled surface by Ga ions. A procedure to accurately determine the cross-section of each pillar was developed.
Direct Visualization of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation in Lithium-Ion Batteries with In Situ Electrochemical Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Unocic Raymond R. , Sun Xiao-Guang , Sacci Robert L. , Adamczyk Leslie A. , Alsem Daan Hein , Dai Sheng , Dudney Nancy J. , More Karren L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractComplex, electrochemically driven transport processes form the basis of electrochemical energy storage devices. The direct imaging of electrochemical processes at high spatial resolution and within their native liquid electrolyte would significantly enhance our understanding of device functionality, but has remained elusive. In this work we use a recently developed liquid cell for in situ electrochemical transmission electron microscopy to obtain insight into the electrolyte decomposition mechanisms and kinetics in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries by characterizing the dynamics of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and evolution. Here we are able to visualize the detailed structure of the SEI that forms locally at the electrode/electrolyte interface during lithium intercalation into natural graphite from an organic Li-ion battery electrolyte. We quantify the SEI growth kinetics and observe the dynamic self-healing nature of the SEI with changes in cell potential.
The endocranial anatomy ofGogonasus andrewsaeLong, 1985 revealed through micro CT-scanning
Authors: Holland Timothy 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTMicro computed tomography has revealed as yet undescribed internal braincase anatomy of the tetrapodomorph fishGogonasus andrewsaefrom the Frasnian Gogo Formation, Paddy's Valley, Kimberley Region, Western Australia. The complete material, including the cranial cavities and channels for blood vessels and nerves, reveals several notable features inside the endocranium. The ethmosphenoid unit includes a median capsule, which lies underneath the median postrostral and rostral series. Based on innervation and association with cutaneous vessels, potential electroreceptive function is inferred for this capsule. Several regions of poor ossification, including foramina for the glossopharyngeal and abducens nerves, as well as the apparent suture separating the ethmoid from the sphenoid portions of the braincase, are possibly indicative of early ontogenetic features. Former interpretations of the course for the superficial ophthalmic nerve inside the nasal capsule ofOsteolepisandGyroptychiusmay be incorrect, with new research supporting a path through the nasal septum, as inGogonasus.