bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical profile, antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer activity of leaves and flowers of Markhamia lutea cultivated in Egypt: in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Magdy Mai , Elosaily Ahmed H. , Mohsen Engy , EL Hefnawy Hala M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Nowadays Alzheimer’s disease and its treatment methods are global concerns. Patients with this disease have poor prognosis and need supportive treatment. The antioxidant activity, anti-acetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE), anti-butyryl cholinesterase (anti-BChE) and Aβ-amyloid-42 inhibition activities of the ethanolic extracts of both leaves and flowers (LEE and FEE) of Markhamia lutea were assessed. The antioxidant activity of LEE and FEE was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and ferrozine iron metal chelation assays. Additionally, their total flavonoids and total phenolics were determined. The phytochemicals of LEE were analysed using LC–MS/Q-TOF in both positive and negative modes. Also, molecular docking was done for phytochemicals identified in LEE.

Result
LEE exhibited higher antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer activities in all techniques due to its high flavonoids content. LEE showed better activity than donepezil in case of anti-butyryl cholinesterase than both donepezil and rivastigmine in case of Aβ-amyloid-42 inhibition. A total of 62 compounds were tentatively identified using Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI–TOF–MS), viz. 35 flavonoids, 11 phenolic acids, 2 terpenoids, 2 phenylpropanoids derivatives, 7 polyphenols, 3 coumarins and 2 organic acids. The molecular docking of some constituents showed that isorhamnetin-O-rutinoside, sissotrin, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone (diosmetin), rosmarinic acid, kaempferol hexoside, kampferol-7-neohesperoside, acacetin, taxifolin and apigenin-O-hexoside exert a promising activity as anti-Alzheimer drugs.

Conclusion
The LEE of Markhamia lutea contains secondary metabolites that is promising to act as natural antioxidants, acetylcholinesterase, butyryl cholinesterase and Aβ-amyloid-42 inhibition inhibitors, which can aid in the treatment of Alzheimer’s.

Graphical Abstract
Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening and Prostate Cancer Mortality: An Emulation of Target Trials in US Medicare
Authors: García-Albéniz Xabier , Hsu John , Etzioni Ruth , Chan June M. , Shi Joy , Dickerman Barbra , Hernán Miguel A. 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE No consensus about the effectiveness of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening exists among clinical guidelines, especially for the elderly. Randomized trials of PSA screening have yielded different results, partly because of variations in adherence, and it is unlikely that new trials will be conducted. Our objective was to estimate the effect of annual PSA screening on prostate cancer (PC) mortality in Medicare beneficiaries age 67-84 years. METHODS This is a large-scale, population-based, observational study of two screening strategies: annual PSA screening and no screening. We used data from 537,599 US Medicare (2001-2008) beneficiaries age 67-84 years who had a good life expectancy, no previous PC, and no PSA test in the 2 years before baseline. We estimated the 8-year PC mortality and incidence, treatments for PC, and treatment complications of PSA screening. RESULTS In men age 67-74 years, the estimated difference in 8-year risk of PC death between PSA screening and no screening was –2.3 (95% CI, –4.1 to –1.1) deaths per 1,000 men (a negative risk difference favors screening). Treatment complications were more frequent under PSA screening than under no screening. In men age 75-84 years, risk difference estimates were closer to zero. CONCLUSION Our estimates suggest that under conventional statistical criteria, annual PSA screening for 8 years is highly compatible with reductions of PC mortality from four to one fewer PC deaths per 1,000 screened men age 67-74 years. As with any study using real-world data, the estimates could be affected by residual confounding.
Correlation Between Oncotype Dx Recurrence Score and PREDICT Estimates in Early Breast Cancer: A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Ibrahim Ezzeldin M. , Al-Quzi Bushra A. , Shaheen Ahmed Y. , Kulak Mohammed H. , Refae Ahmed A. , Al-Foheidi Meteb E. 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE Oncotype Dx Recurrence Score (RS) is prognostic and predictive of chemotherapy benefit in women with node-negative and node-positive in hormone receptor–positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2–) early breast cancer. Nevertheless, its direct cost may be inhibitive. This study assesses the correlation between the RS and the free online PREDICT tools' estimations of adjuvant chemotherapy benefit. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review of the electronic medical records of 112 patients with tumors tested for the RS and the PREDICT tool was used to estimate survival benefits. The correlation between RS and PREDICT estimations was analyzed using Spearman rank and McNemar tests. RESULTS The median age of patients was 53 (95% CI, 50 to 55) years, with most patients having negative axillary lymph nodes (78%). While the absolute value for RS showed significant positive correlations with adjuvant chemotherapy's benefit as estimated by PREDICT, no significant correlations were found between the two methods in the percentage of chemotherapy gain. Notably, discordance rates between 48% and 67% between RS-based risk assignments and those based on PREDICT estimates were significant across the study population and subgroups. Only one disease recurrence and one breast cancer-related death were documented over a median follow-up of 23.5 (95% CI, 19.8 to 27.2) months. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight a significant discordance between RS and PREDICT tools in predicting the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HR+, HER2– early breast cancer. While both tools aim to personalize cancer treatment, their discordance varies, suggesting that PREDICT could not substitute RS to predict adjuvant chemotherapy benefits regardless of patient risk classification. Further studies are needed to explore these relationships and optimize precision medicine approaches in breast cancer management.
A cell-autonomous role for primary cilium-mediated signaling in long-range commissural axon guidance
Authors: Dumoulin Alexandre , Wilson Nicole H. , Tucker Kerry L. , Stoeckli Esther T. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Ciliopathies are characterized by the absence or dysfunction of primary cilia. Despite the fact that cognitive impairments are a common feature of ciliopathies, how cilia dysfunction affects neuronal development has not been characterized in detail. Here, we show that primary cilium-mediated signaling is required cell-autonomously by neurons during neural circuit formation. In particular, a functional primary cilium is crucial during axonal pathfinding for the switch in responsiveness of axons at a choice point or intermediate target. Using different animal models and in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro experiments, we provide evidence for a crucial role of primary cilium-mediated signaling in long-range axon guidance. The primary cilium on the cell body of commissural neurons transduces long-range guidance signals sensed by growth cones navigating an intermediate target. In extension of our finding that Shh is required for the rostral turn of post-crossing commissural axons, we suggest a model implicating the primary cilium in Shh signaling upstream of a transcriptional change of axon guidance receptors, which in turn mediate the repulsive response to floorplate-derived Shh shown by post-crossing commissural axons.
Professionalizing the Exercise Profession — What It Means and Why it Matters
Authors: Stack Michael 
Published: August 2024

Apply It!
• Adopt the mindset of a Qualified Healthcare Professional: Exercise professionals should view themselves as integral parts of the healthcare delivery system, striving to practice in a manner consistent with other qualified healthcare professionals. This includes aligning with evidence-based practices and being accountable for producing clinically meaningful outcomes.
• Foster an atmosphere of industry unification and collaboration: Collaboration between individual professionals, academic institutions, and credentialing organizations is critical to meet the demands of the health and fitness industry professionalization effort. To achieve adequate scale and advance our professionalization agenda, we must be collaborative and unified.
• Advocate for, and participate in, policy and systems change work: Exercise professionals should be involved in advocacy efforts to shape systems and policies that recognize and integrate exercise professionals into the healthcare delivery system.
• Actively utilize the roadmap provided: This themed issue provides a roadmap for the professionalization effort. The roadmap is only effective if it leads us to our destination. Use this roadmap to determine where you can take an active role in the professionalization effort.
Queue Configurations and Operational Performance: An Interplay Between Customer Ownership and Queue Length Awareness
Authors: Song Hummy , Armony Mor , Roels Guillaume 
Published: August 2024

Problem definition: Contrary to traditional queueing theory, recent field studies in B2C services indicate that pooled queues may be less efficient than dedicated queues. Methodology/results: We use two online experiments in the healthcare delivery context to replicate this finding and assess the interplay of servers’ customer ownership and queue length awareness as potential underlying mechanisms. We operationalize customer ownership as the extent to which servers feel ownership toward their customers and queue length awareness as the extent to which servers are able to accurately quantify their number of customers. We find that, following a change in queue configuration, dedicated queues outperform pooled queues with respect to processing speed without sacrificing quality. The reduction in speed is partially mediated by the servers’ queue length awareness and partially suppressed by their ownership of customers in queue. The former is because servers turn out to be less likely to underestimate their load, which makes them work faster. The latter is because ownership of customers in queue may distract servers from the customer in service. When the queue configuration changes from a dedicated to a pooled one, the shorter processing times and higher levels of queue length awareness persist across the change, unlike the higher ownership of customers in the queue. Managerial implications: In discretionary service settings, switching to a dedicated queue is often beneficial in terms of operational performance, partly because the increased queue length awareness motivates servers to work faster; however, the increased degree of customer ownership of those in queue may distract them and result in a slowdown. Funding: This work was supported by the Wharton Behavioral Lab, the Claude Marion Endowed Faculty Scholar Award, the Wharton-INSEAD Alliance, and the Wharton Dean’s Research Fund. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0202 .
A successful laparoscopic appendectomy for an adult male patient with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Farid Mohamed I. , Baz Azza , El-Dein Hemdan Mohamed Emad , Abdelhamid Taghreed , Ebrahim Diyaa , Fayed Fadl , Abdel-Haleem Emad 
Published: August 2024

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic connective tissue disease defined by the loss of bone mass and density, which makes the bones more brittle and more likely to fracture over time. Bone deformity and articular instability are the subsequent symptoms. Case report: This 25-year-old man had malformed lower limbs and trouble walking due to OI and dwarfism. He arrived complaining of fever, nausea, vomiting and diffuse peri-umbilical pain. During ultrasonography a blinded, oedematous lobe formation containing an appendicolith was discovered. Acute suppurative appendicitis was diagnosed, necessitating a laparoscopic appendectomy. Because the patient had previously undergone general anaesthesia, anaesthesia was thought to be attainable. Pneumoperitoneum and a 10 mm optical port inserted into the umbilicus were used in the surgical procedure. A diagnostic laparoscopy revealed faecolith obstruction and an acute suppurative appendicitis. After an hour, a laparoscopic appendectomy was performed effectively with little blood loss. Without experiencing any difficulties because of the surgery position, the patient was discharged. Conclusion: We present a case of an OI dwarf patient with acute suppurative appendicitis. It highlights the possibility of performing laparoscopic surgery in general and a laparoscopic appendectomy in particular on OI patients.
FORMAÇÃO DOS CONCEITOS DE CIDADE E URBANO NA LICENCIATURA EM GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Tavares Felipe , Barciela Pimenta Arthur 
Published: August 2024

Problematizar o papel do conhecimento da cidade na escola é um ponto fundamental para um ensino de Geografia comprometido com a formação de cidadãos críticos, principalmente, ao vincular o espaço vivido dos discentes – e suas referências culturais – ao currículo e práticas desenvolvidas em sala de aula. Para isso, o desenvolvimento de raciocínios geográficos em contextos urbanos deve levar em consideração diferentes escalas de análise e múltiplas dimensões da espacialidade, porque a cidadania é marcada por essa multidimensionalidade. O presente trabalho apresenta os percursos pedagógicos trilhados na formação de discentes do curso de licenciatura em Geografia, nos anos de 2020 e 2021, a partir da proposta de construção dos conceitos de cidade e de (espaço) urbano, no âmbito da disciplina Geografia Urbana. Essa proposta consistiu em cinco etapas: 1) “Coletando saberes prévios”; 2) Estudo dirigido e “construção descendente” do conceito; 3) Caminho avaliativo 1: texto dissertativo; 4) Caminho avaliativo 2: Proposta de Planejamento urbano participativo; e 5) Retorno dos discentes sobre os processos de construção a partir de um formulário. Verificamos que não é possível prescindir da construção de conceitos no contexto da formação de professores, sendo necessária uma abordagem metodológica e didática que supere a memorização de conteúdos e que transcenda o currículo formal, as ementas, contemplando as dinâmicas sócio-espaciais efetivamente vividas e significativas aos licenciandos.
Clinical Effect of Personalized Adjustable Mandibular Advancement Device on Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Wang Wei , Pang Jian , Zhang Yi-Xue , Mo Yi-Meng , Zhang Jiao , Wei Zhen-Hui 
Published: August 2024

Aims/Background: Mandibular advancement devices are effective in treating mild or moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but such devices that are commonly used in clinical settings require further improvement. In this study, we evaluated the clinical effects of personalized adjustable mandibular advancement devices on mild or moderate OSA. Methods: Forty patients with mild or moderate OSA were randomly divided into experimental (personalized adjustable device) and control (traditional device) groups. Side effects, including increased salivation, dry mouth, muscle aches, and temporomandibular joint discomfort, were assessed. Respiratory markers during sleep, including the apnea-hypopnea index, mean blood oxygen saturation, lowest blood oxygen saturation and maximum apnea time, were evaluated using polysomnography. The upper airway cross-sectional area and temporomandibular joint morphology and motion trajectory were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography. Results: Side effects were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Respiratory marker levels were significantly restored post-treatment. Soft palate- and tongue-pharyngeal cross-sectional areas were significantly increased in both groups, but temporomandibular joint morphology or motion trajectory remained unchanged. Conclusion: The personalized adjustable mandibular advancement devices may reduce side effects and are effective in treating patients with OSA. Clinical Trial Registration: The study was registered and approved by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400080306). https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=206538 .
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF DUAL MOBILITY ARTICULATIONS: IS THERE A COMPROMISE?
Authors: Shimmin A. 
Published: August 2024

Dislocation is still one of the more common reasons for revision of THR.Registry and large institutional data has demonstrated the effectiveness of Dual Mobility articulations in reducing revision for dislocation after THR. There is little data about whether the use of dual mobility is associated with a comprised clinical functional outcome.This study aimed to ascertain whether the use of Dual Mobility articulations (DM cups) comes within a compromise to the functional of the THR procedure as measured by the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS).Utilising a retrospective design, patients were grouped into those with DM cups with 12 PROMs (Cohort 1) or a large data base of all THR procedures also with a complete set of 12 month PROMs (Cohort 2). The 2 groups were matched for age and gender through propensity score matching. The comparison focused on five domains of the HOOS: Pain, Symptoms, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Sports and Recreation, and Quality of Life (QOL) at 6- and 12-months post-operation.12 month PROM data suggested a convergence in scores for several domains, no uniform superiority of one articulation type over the other was found across all domains. These results suggest that both DM cup and standard articulations can effectively improve patient-reported outcomes in THR surgeries, but there are variations in recovery within each cohort that are potentially influenced by factors beyond the articulation type.This study contributes to the ongoing dialogue on optimising prosthetic selection to enhance recovery trajectories and quality of life for THR patients, emphasising the critical role of evidence-based decision-making in orthopaedic surgery.
THE USE OF POROUS TITANIUM ACETABULAR AUGMENTS IN PRIMARY TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY FOR HIP DYSPLASIA OR RAPIDLY DESTRUCTIVE COXOPATHY
Authors: Sugano N. , Ando W. , Maeda Y , Tamura K , Uemura K , Takashima K , Hamada H. 
Published: August 2024

In primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patients with Crowe II or higher classes developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) or rapidly destructive coxopathy (RDC), the placement of the cup can be challenging due to superior and lateral acetabular bone defects. Traditionally, bone grafts from resected femoral heads were used to fill these defects, but bulk graft poses a risk of collapse, especially in DDH with hypoplastic femoral heads or in RDC where good quality bone is scarce. Recently, porous metal augments have shown promising outcomes in revision surgeries, yet reports on their efficacy in primary THA are limited.This study retrospectively evaluated 27 patients (30 hips) who underwent primary THA using cementless cups and porous titanium acetabular augments for DDH or RDC, with follow-up periods ranging from 2 to 10 years (average 4.1 years). The cohort included 22 females (24 hips) and 5 males (6 hips), with an average age of 67 years at the time of surgery.The findings at the final follow-up showed no radiographic evidence of loosening or radiolucency around the cups and augments, indicating successful biological fixation in all cases. Clinically, there was a significant improvement in the WOMAC score from an average of 39.1±14.7 preoperatively to 5.1±6.4 postoperatively. These results suggest that the use of cementless cups and porous titanium acetabular augments in primary THA for DDH and RDC can lead to high levels of clinical improvement and reliable biological fixation, indicating their potential as a viable solution for managing challenging acetabular defects in these conditions.
VISUALIZED NAVIGATION-ASSISTED ACETABULAR MIRROR RECONSTRUCTION EXHIBITS BETTER FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY FOR CROWE II/III DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Zhang B. , Kong X. , Zhou Y. , Zhang H. , Jiang Q. , Chai W. 
Published: August 2024

There is still no clear consensus regarding which cup position might provide better functional performance for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). This study aimed to evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of acetabular mirroring reconstruction for DDH in total hip arthroplasty (THA).The study reviewed 96 patients (96 hips) with unilateral Crowe type-II/III DDH undergoing either visualized navigation-assisted mirroring reconstruction with augment according to the rotation center and biomechanical structure of the contralateral normal hips (Mirroring group, 51 hips) or high hip center reconstruction (HHC group, 45 hips) in THA from 2020 to 2023. The functional and radiographic results were analyzed between the groups during a mean follow-up period of 27.5 and 28.9 months (a minimum follow-up of 12 months).The Harris hip score at the last follow-up significantly improved in both groups, while it was significantly higher in the mirroring group (P<0.001). In the HHC group, the rotation center height and greater trochanter height were significantly increased in the affected hip (P<0.001; P<0.001) and the abductor lever arm was significantly decreased in the affected hip compared to that in the contralateral normal hip (P<0.001), whereas in the mirroring group no significant statistical differences were observed between two sides. The limping occurred in 7 patients (13.7%) in the mirroring group and 14 patients (31.1%) in the HHC group (P=0.040). A multiple logistic regression demonstrated mirroring reconstruction could reduce the incidence of postoperative limping (P=0.020).Both mirroring and HHC reconstruction could improve the functional performance of THA, whereas mirroring reconstruction could offer superior biomechanical results and gait improvement as compared with HHC reconstruction, meeting the higher requirements of functional recovery.