bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validated swallowing and nutrition guidelines for patients with head and neck cancer: Identification of high‐risk patients for proactive gastrostomy
Authors: Brown Teresa E. , Spurgin Ann‐Louise , Ross Lynda , Tripcony Lee , Keller Jacqui , Hughes Brett G. M. , Hodge Rob , Walker Quenten , Banks Merrilyn , Kenny Lizbeth Moira , Crombie Jane 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundThe “Swallowing and Nutrition Guidelines for Patients with Head and Neck Cancer” were developed to guide early identification and management of dysphagia and nutritional risk before, during, and after cancer treatment. The purpose of this study was to validate these guidelines.MethodsPatients attending a Combined Head and Neck Clinic at a major tertiary hospital in 2007 to 2008 were assessed using the guidelines, with high‐risk category patients recommended for proactive gastrostomy. Data were collected on guideline adherence, gastrostomy tube insertion, and weight. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were calculated for validation.ResultsProactive gastrostomy tubes were inserted in 173 of 501 patients (25%). Overall guideline adherence was 87%. High‐risk category adherence was 75%. Validation outcomes were sensitivity 54%, specificity 93%, and positive predictive value 82%.ConclusionThe risk categories in the guidelines are valid to assist early identification of swallowing and nutritional risk and guide decision‐making on proactive gastrostomy tube insertion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1385–1391, 2013
Readability assessment of online thyroid surgery patient education materials
Authors: Patel Chirag R. , Cherla Deepa V. , Sanghvi Saurin , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundPublished guidelines recommend written health information be written at or below the sixth‐grade level. We evaluate the readability of online materials related to thyroid surgery.MethodsThyroid surgery materials were evaluated using Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Frequency of Gobbledygook (GFOG), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG).ResultsThirty‐one documents were evaluated. FRES scores ranged from 29.3 to 67.8 (possible range = 0 to 100), and averaged 50.5. FKGL ranged from 6.9 to 14.9 (possible range = 3 to 12), and averaged 10.4. SMOG scores ranged from 11.8 to 14.5 (possible range = 3 to 19), and averaged 13.0. GFOG scores ranged from 10.6 to 18.0 (possible range = 3 to 19), and averaged 13.5.ConclusionsReadability scores for online thyroid surgery materials are higher (i.e., more difficult) than the recommended levels. However, readability is only one aspect of comprehension. Written information should be designed with that fact in mind. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1421–1425, 2013
Two New Octulosonic Acid Derivatives and a New Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid Derivative from Erigeron bonariensis L.
Authors: Zahoor Aqib , Khan Afsar , Ahmad Viqar U. , Ahmed Amir , Khan Saleha S. , Ali Muhammad I. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe AcOEt‐soluble part of a MeOH extract from the whole plant of Erigeron bonariensis yielded two new rare‐class octulosonic acid derivatives, rel‐methyl (1R,2S,3S,5R)‐3‐(trans‐caffeoyloxy)‐7‐[(trans‐caffeoyloxy)methyl]‐2‐hydroxy‐6,8‐dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane‐5‐carboxylate (1) and 5,8‐di[O‐trans‐caffeoyl]‐3‐deoxy‐β‐D‐gluco‐oct‐2‐ulopyranosonosyl 4,8‐di[O‐trans‐caffeoyl]‐3‐deoxy‐β‐D‐gluco‐oct‐2‐ulopyranosidonic acid (2) along with a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid derivative, (1α,3β,4β,5β)‐1,4‐di‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐bis(trans‐caffeoyloxy)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (3). The structures of these compounds were elucidated through ESI‐MS, and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic techniques including 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, HMQC or HSQC, and HMBC experiments.
Antifungal Ursene‐Type Triterpene from the Roots of Alhagi camelorum
Authors: Laghari Abdul Hafeez , Memon Shahabuddin , Nelofar Aisha , Khan Khalid Mohammed 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new ursene‐type triterpene, (3β)‐30‐norurs‐11‐en‐3‐ol (1), was isolated from the MeOH extract of the roots of Alhagi camelorum. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic investigations by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR studies. In addition, 1 was evaluated for antifungal activities. Its application on prepared cultures of two fungi, i.e., Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, showed noticeable antifungal activity, suggesting that 1 could be used as a new promising agent in antifungal drug formulations.
Total Synthesis of Umuravumbolide
Authors: Shekhar Vanam , Reddy Dorigondla Kumar , Venkateswarlu Yenamandra 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA simple and efficient stereoselective total synthesis of (+)‐umuravumbolide (1b) and (−)‐deacetylumuravumbolide (1a) starting from commercially available pentanal is described. The synthesis involves Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, Jacobsen's hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR), and the Yamaguchi oxirane opening as key steps (Scheme 2).
One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydro‐2‐thioxo‐2H‐3,1‐benzoxazine‐4‐acetic Acid Derivatives by the Reaction of 2‐Isothiocyanatophenyl Ketones with Lithium Enolates of Acetates and Tertiary Acetamides
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Fukamachi Shuhei , Kobayashi Akihiro , Gotoh Aogu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe one‐pot synthesis of 4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydro‐2‐thioxo‐2H‐3,1‐benzoxazine‐4‐acetic acid derivatives 2 was achieved in good yields by the reaction of aryl(2‐isothiocyanatophenyl)methanones 1 with lithium enolates of acetates and tertiary acetamides. (2E)‐1‐(2‐Isothiocyanatophenyl)‐3‐phenylprop‐2‐en‐1‐one (3) gave 1,4‐dihydro‐4‐[(1E)‐2‐phenylethenyl]‐2‐thioxo‐2H‐3,1‐benzoxazine‐4‐acetic acid derivatives 4 in good yields as well.
Accumulated state assessment of the Yukon River watershed: Part II quantitative effects-based analysis integrating western science and traditional ecological knowledge
Authors: Dubé Monique G , Wilson Julie E. , Waterhouse Jon 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This article is the second in a 2-part series assessing the accumulated state of the transboundary Yukon River (YR) basin in northern Canada and the United States. The determination of accumulated state based on available long-term (LT) discharge and water quality data is the first step in watershed cumulative effect assessment in the absence of sufficient biological monitoring data. Long-term trends in water quantity and quality were determined and a benchmark against which to measure change was defined for 5 major reaches along the YR for nitrate, total and dissolved organic carbon (TOC and DOC, respectively), total phosphate (TP), orthophosphate, pH, and specific conductivity. Deviations from the reference condition were identified as “hot moments” in time, nested within a reach. Significant increasing LT trends in discharge were found on the Canadian portion of the YR. There were significant LT decreases in nitrate, TOC, and TP at the Headwater reach, and significant increases in nitrate and specific conductivity at the Lower reach. Deviations from reference condition were found in all water quality variables but most notably during the ice-free period of the YR (May–Sept) and in the Lower reach. The greatest magnitudes of outliers were found during the spring freshet. This study also incorporated traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) into its assessment of accumulated state. In the summer of 2007 the YR Inter Tribal Watershed Council organized a team of people to paddle down the length of the YR as part of a “Healing Journey,” where both Western Science and TEK paradigms were used. Water quality data were continuously collected and stories were shared between the team and communities along the YR. Healing Journey data were compared to the LT reference conditions and showed the summer of 2007 was abnormal compared to the LT water quality. This study showed the importance of establishing a reference condition by reach and season for key indicators of water health to measure change, and the importance of placing synoptic surveys into context of LT accumulated state assessments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:439–455. © 2013 SETAC
Fish community responses to multiple municipal wastewater inputs in a watershed
Authors: Tetreault Gerald R , Brown Carolyn JM , Bennett C James , Oakes Ken D , McMaster Mark E , Servos Mark R 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Municipalities utilize aquatic environments to assimilate their domestic effluent resulting in eutrophication, anoxia, toxicity and endocrine disruption of aquatic biota. The objective of this study was to assess the potential cumulative impacts of municipal wastewater effluent (MWWE) discharges in the Grand River on the health status of a sentinel species and the fish community downstream of 2 MWWE discharges. The fish communities downstream of the MWWE outfalls demonstrated differences in the abundance and diversity, species and family richness, % tolerance and % vulnerability when compared to the fish community upstream or further downstream of these points of effluent discharge. In both years studied, the fish community exposed to MWWE in the riffle-run habitats demonstrated reductions in the proportion of the most prominent fish (Rainbow Darter, Ethoestoma caeruleum) downstream of the outfalls, and a significant increase in the proportion of large mobile, tolerant-omnivorous fish species such as suckers and sunfish. There was less variability in the responses of the fish community to MWWE in the same season between years than between seasons within the same year. An examination of how impaired health of a sentinel species exposed to MWWE discharges parallels changes in the fish community is also conducted. This study successfully demonstrates the cumulative impact of urban development, including multiple outfalls of treated wastewater effluents on fish populations and communities. Municipalities are the major source of nutrients and pharmaceuticals and personal care products to aquatic systems, and they need to consider their impacts carefully with increasing urban population growth and ageing demographics. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:456–468. © 2012 SETAC
Action of andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis) onRhipicephalus sanguineus(Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) semi‐engorged females: Morphophysiological evaluation of reproductive system
Authors: Vendramini Maria Cláudia Ramalho , Mathias Maria Izabel Camargo , De Faria Adriano Uemura , Furquim Karim Christina Scopinho , De Souza Leonardo Peres , Bechara Gervásio Henrique , Roma Gislaine Cristina 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBecause of the increasing medical‐veterinary importance of ticks, the development of alternative control methods, less aggressive to the host and the environment has become the target of several researches. In this sense, the present study analyzed the action of different concentrations (5, 10, and 20%) of andiroba seed oil (Carapa guianensis) on the reproductive system ofRhipicephalus sanguineusfemales, through histochemical techniques and the quantification of the reproductive efficiency index. The results showed that andiroba oil is a potent natural agent, able to cause several changes in the oocytes of this species, impairing the reproductive success, once this natural product induces great physiological changes in the oocytes in all development stages, such as drastic reduction in proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids in these cells, and these components are essential for the viability of the embryo. In addition, it was observed that this product stimulate the oviposition, mainly at the concentration of 20%. This higher production of eggs represents a defense mechanism developed by the organism in order to ensure the reproductive success of the species, even in the presence of the toxic agent. However, the results obtained suggested that the laid eggs would not be viable, due to the great changes undergone by the oocytes. Thus, the present study showed that the use of this vegetal product would be an alternative way to control the ticks, bringing benefits similar to the ones obtained through the use of synthetic acaricides; however, with less damage to nontarget organisms and the environment as well. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomy of the fully formed chondrocranium of Emydura subglobosa (Chelidae): A pleurodiran turtle
Authors: Daniel J Paluh , Christopher A Sheil 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe chondrocranium is a cartilaginous structure that forms around and protects the brain and sensory organs of the head. Through ontogeny, this skeletal structure may become more elaborate, remodeled and reabsorbed, and/or ossified. Though considerable attention has been given to the formation of the chondrocranium and a great amount of data has been gathered on the development of this structure among many craniates, the anatomy of this structure in turtles often is neglected. We describe the mature chondrocranium of the pleurodiran turtle, Emydura subglobosa (Chelidae) based on hatchling specimens. Though formation and ossification of bony elements has been studied previously in this species, a detailed description of the chondrocranium of this pleurodiran turtle has not been presented. Anatomy of the chondrocranium was described for E. subglobosa by examination of cleared and double‐stained specimens. The orbitotemporal region of E. subglobosa is dramatically different from that of other described turtles (e.g., Apalone spinifera, Pelodiscus sinensis, Chelydra serpentina, Macrochelys temminckii, Trachemys scripta, Chrysemys picta, and Eretmochelys imbricata) in that a prominent taenia marginalis spans the space between the planum supraseptale and otic capsules, and the pila antotica (which becomes modified and ossified through ontogeny to form the processus clinoideus) is greatly reduced and essentially absent in hatchling specimens. The morphology seen in E. subglobosa is similar to that of Caretta caretta, particularly as it relates to the taenia marginalis. Variation in the orbitotemporal region is briefly discussed in the context of the taenia marginalis, taenia medialis, pila metoptica, and pila antotica. J. Morphol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extracellular matrix proteins secreted from both the endometrium and the embryo are required for attachment: A study using a co‐culture model of rat blastocysts and Ishikawa cells
Authors: Kaneko Yui , Murphy Christopher R. , Day Margot L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntegrins are expressed in a highly regulated manner at the maternal‐fetal interface during implantation. However, the significance of extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands during the integrin‐mediated embryo attachment to the endometrium is not fully understood. Thus, the distribution of fibronectin in the rat uterus and blastocyst was studied at the time of implantation. Fibronectin was absent in the uterine luminal epithelial cells but was intensely expressed in the trophoblast cells and the inner cell mass suggesting that fibronectin secreted from the blastocyst may be a possible bridging ligand for the integrins expressed at the maternal‐fetal interface. An Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptide was used to block the RGD recognition sites on integrins, and the effect on rat blastocyst attachment to Ishikawa cells was examined. There was a significant reduction in blastocyst attachment when either the blastocysts or the Ishikawa cells were pre‐incubated with the RGD‐blocking peptide. Thus, successful attachment of the embryo to the endometrium requires the interaction of integrins on both the endometrium and the blastocyst with the RGD sequence of ECM ligands, such as fibronectin. Pre‐treatment of both blastocysts and Ishikawa cells with the RGD peptide also inhibited blastocyst attachment, but not completely, suggesting that ECM bridging ligands that do not contain the RGD sequence are also involved in embryo attachment. J. Morphol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postcranial morphology and the locomotor habits of living and extinct carnivorans
Authors: Samuels Joshua X. , Meachen Julie A. , Sakai Stacey A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMembers of the order Carnivora display a broad range of locomotor habits, including cursorial, scansorial, arboreal, semiaquatic, aquatic, and semifossorial species from multiple families. Ecomorphological analyses from osteological measurements have been used successfully in prior studies of carnivorans and rodents to accurately infer the locomotor habits of extinct species. This study uses 20 postcranial measurements that have been shown to be effective indicators of locomotor habits in rodents and incorporates an extensive sample of over 300 individuals from more than 100 living carnivoran species. We performed statistical analyses, including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and stepwise discriminant function analysis, using a set of 16 functional indices (ratios). Our ANOVA results reveal consistent differences in postcranial skeletal morphology among locomotor groups. Cursorial species display distal elongation of the limbs, gracile limb elements, and relatively narrow humeral and femoral epicondyles. Aquatic and semiaquatic species display relatively robust, shortened femora and elongate metatarsals. Semifossorial species display relatively short, robust limbs with enlarged muscular attachment sites and elongate claws. Both semiaquatic and semifossorial species have relatively elongate olecranon process of the ulna and enlarged humeral and femoral epicondyles. Terrestrial, scansorial, and arboreal species are characterized by having primarily intermediate features, but arboreal species do show relatively elongate manual digits. Morphological indices effectively discriminate locomotor groups, with cursorial and arboreal species more accurately classified than terrestrial, scansorial, or semiaquatic species. Both within and between families, species with similar locomotor habits converge toward similar postcranial morphology despite their independent evolutionary histories. The discriminant analysis worked particularly well to correctly classify members of the Canidae, but not as well for members of the Mustelidae or Ursidae. Results are used to infer the locomotor habits of extinct carnivorans, including members of several extinct families, and also 12 species from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of artistic patinas produced on copper‐based alloys
Authors: Bongiorno Valeria , Campodonico Serena , Caffara Roberta , Piccardo Paolo , Carnasciali Maria Maddalena 
Published: September 2012

In order to contribute to the improvement of restoration and conservation sciences of metallic artefacts belonging to Cultural Heritage, a wide research has been started on the study of artificial (artistic) and natural (corrosion or alteration) patinas of copper‐based alloys.Micro‐Raman spectroscopy (μRS) coupled with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) were applied for the characterization of a number of patinas made on metallic substrate reproducing the typical copper‐based alloys used for statuary. A non alloyed copper sheet has been also used to simulate the architectural cover typically used after a specific cold spray coating.To reach these goals, a number of patinas were experimentally produced in our laboratory using the torch technique and reactive solutions based on water as a solvent containing, respectively, copper nitrate, iron nitrate and potassium sulfide (‘liver of sulfur’). The only exception is a sample reproducing the architectural cover of a recent building nearly completely covered with copper sheets coated with copper salts.All the produced patinas were aged in a salt spray chamber and then studied with μRS, SEM and EDXS in order to understand their evolution between the two known terms and therefore the reactions involved in all patinas. μRS allowed us to detect as main constituents of the ‘artistic’ patinas, before and after ageing: copper oxides (Cuprite and Tenorite), copper nitrates (Rouaite and Gerhardtite), copper chlorides (Botallackite, Atacamite and Paratacamite), a copper sulfate (Posnjakite), iron oxides (Magnetite and Hematite) and an iron hydroxide (Limonite). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near IR Fluorescent Polystyrene/Albumin Core/Shell Nanoparticles for Specific Targeting of Colonic Neoplasms
Authors: Pellach Michal , Grinberg Igor , Margel Shlomo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that albumin has a high affinity towards tumours, and, as a result, many drug/albumin conjugates, as well as albumin nanoparticles, have been studied as antineoplastic drug carriers. Numerous studies have also shown the high affinity of cyanine dyes for albumin. This work combines the former and the latter for the preparation of NIR fluorescent and photostable nanoparticles as diagnostic biomaterials. Tumour‐specific labelling by NIR fluorescent polystyrene/albumin core/shell nanoparticles is demonstrated, without the presence of additional targeting moieties, and they possess great potential for clinical applications. magnified image
Surface Roughness and Charge Influence the Uptake of Nanoparticles: Fluorescently Labeled Pickering‐Type Versus Surfactant‐Stabilized Nanoparticles
Authors: Schrade Anika , Mailänder Volker , Ritz Sandra , Landfester Katharina , Ziener Ulrich 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe influence of surface roughness and charge on the cellular uptake of nanoparticles in HeLa cells is investigated with fluorescent, oppositely charged, rough, and smooth nanoparticles. Flow cytometry, cLSM, and TEM reveal that rough nanoparticles are internalized by the cells more slowly and by an unidentified uptake route as no predominant endocytosis route is blocked by a variety of inhibitory drugs, while the uptake of smooth nanoparticles is strongly dependent on dynamin, F‐actin, and lipid‐raft. Negatively charged nanoparticles are taken up to a higher extent than positively charged ones, independent of the surface roughness. magnified image
Green Composites From Soy‐Based Biopolyurethane With Microcrystalline Cellulose
Authors: Luo Xiaogang , Mohanty Amar , Misra Manju 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA simple process is described for preparing transparent composite sheets from soy‐oil‐based biopolyurethane (BioPU) with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The sheets are prepared by the reaction of a mixture of soy‐oil‐based polyol and petrochemical polyol with polymeric methyldiphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) in the presence and absence of MCC reinforcement by compression molding. MCC is well dispersed in the PU matrix, and characteristic peaks for MCC and BioPU are shown by the FTIR spectra. Mechanical properties are substantially improved with increasing MCC content. DMA and TGA results show better thermal stability in comparison to the neat BioPU sheets. magnified image
Tunable PLGA‐Based Nanoparticles Synthesized Through Free‐Radical Polymerization
Authors: Ferrari Raffaele , Colombo Claudio , Dossi Marco , Moscatelli Davide 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new class of PLGA‐based materials suitable for the production of biodegradable NPs via free‐radical polymerization is proposed. ROP of lactide and glycolide using HEMA is carried out; macromonomers (HEMA‐LxGyA) with short PLGA chain ends are successfully produced. Afterwards, monomer‐starved semi‐batch emulsion polymerization of these HEMA‐LxGyA macromonomers is performed to obtain NPs with a low polydispersity index and a controlled size. The stability and degradability of NPs is confirmed from degradation studies that verify the possibility of tuning the degradation time by changing macromonomer characteristics such as chain length and composition. magnified image