bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain characteristics and self‐rated health after elective orthopaedic surgery – a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Lindberg Maren F , Grov Ellen K , Gay Caryl L , Rustøen Tone , Granheim Tove I , Amlie Einar , Lerdal Anners 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo describe the postoperative pain and to examine the relationship between pain intensity, pain interference and self‐rated health after elective orthopaedic surgery.BackgroundPain is a problem for many surgical inpatients and can lead to postoperative complications. Limited knowledge exists about the relationship between postoperative pain, function and self‐rated health.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsPain characteristics, self‐rated health, sociodemographic status and comorbidity were measured in 123 elective orthopaedic inpatients recruited consecutively from a hospital in eastern Norway in 2012. On the day they were discharged from the surgical unit, patients completed items about pain intensity and pain interference from the Brief Pain Inventory and about self‐rated health from the Medical Outcome Short Form‐36 Health Survey. Clinical data were retrieved from the medical records. Patients were divided into three diagnostic groups: shoulder surgery, hip or knee replacement and other surgery.ResultsMean age was 60 years (SD 17·2) and 50% were females. Average pain intensity was 4·2 (SD 2·2) on a 0–10 numeric rating scale and 60% reported moderate/severe pain during the entire hospital stay. Shoulder surgery patients reported significantly higher pain intensity compared to other surgical groups. Pain interfered mostly with daily activity and sleep. Higher pain intensity was significantly associated with poorer self‐rated health. The linear regression analysis showed that average pain intensity was related to poorer self‐rated health, controlling for sociodemographic variables and pain interference with function.ConclusionHigh pain intensity is related to poorer self‐rated health. Postoperative pain is undermanaged, affects functional areas and could delay rehabilitation.Relevance to clinical practicePostoperative pain management should be given high priority after elective orthopaedic surgery, in order to improve self‐rated health and function. Pain treatment for shoulder surgery patients may require more attention than it currently receives.
Knowledge about medications and products to prevent and treat pressure ulcers: a cross‐sectional survey of nurses and physicians in a Primary Health Care setting
Authors: Romero‐Collado Angel , Homs‐Romero Erica , Zabaleta‐del‐Olmo Edurne 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo report on a study of what primary care nurses and physicians know about medications and healthcare products to prevent and treat pressure ulcers.BackgroundThe prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers has generally become the responsibility of the nursing staff; this has resulted in studies of nurses' knowledge of this task, although few studies include physicians in their analysis.DesignCross‐sectional survey conducted in North Girona (Province) Primary Care Services from February to April 2010.MethodsThe study questionnaire had three sections: sociodemographic data, questions about division of responsibility for the care of patients with pressure ulcers or at risk of developing them, and 36 statements based on the recommendations in clinical practice guidelines provided by well‐recognised national and international institutions.ResultsEighty‐one nurses (64·8%) and 46 physicians (36·8%) responded to this study. Nurses had greater responsibility for the care of pressure ulcers, made greater use of medical prescriptions to obtain supplies if not available in the primary care centre, were more familiar with the site's clinical practice guidelines on the topic and showed better adherence to their recommendations. Nurses also had better knowledge than the participating physicians of the use of medications and healthcare products to heal or to prevent pressure ulcers.ConclusionsNurses had sufficient knowledge and more appropriate skills than the participating physicians for the prescription of medications and healthcare products for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers.Relevance to clinical practiceThe data demonstrated that nurses have sufficient knowledge and skill to provide wound care and could safely write these prescriptions, although Spanish law permitting nurse prescription is not fully implemented.
Variability in Personality Expression Across Contexts: A Social Network Approach
Authors: Clifton Allan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe current research investigated how the contextual expression of personality differs across interpersonal relationships. Two related studies were conducted with college samples (Study 1: N = 52, 38 female; Study 2: N = 111, 72 female). Participants in each study completed a five‐factor measure of personality and constructed a social network detailing their 30 most important relationships. Participants used a brief Five‐Factor Model scale to rate their personality as they experience it when with each person in their social network. Multiple informants selected from each social network then rated the target participant's personality (Study 1: N = 227, Study 2: N = 777). Contextual personality ratings demonstrated incremental validity beyond standard global self‐report in predicting specific informants' perceptions. Variability in these contextualized personality ratings was predicted by the position of the other individuals within the social network. Across both studies, participants reported being more extraverted and neurotic, and less conscientious, with more central members of their social networks. Dyadic social network–based assessments of personality provide incremental validity in understanding personality, revealing dynamic patterns of personality variability unobservable with standard assessment techniques.
A Survey Investigating the Infection of Fusarium langsethiae and Production of HT‐2 and T‐2 Mycotoxins in UK Oat Fields
Authors: Imathiu Samuel M. , Ray Rumiana V. , Back Matthew I. , Hare Martin C. , Edwards Simon G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFusarium langsethiae is a toxigenic fungal species that has been reported in European small‐grain cereal crops such as oats, wheat and barley. Although its relative contribution to fusarium head blight (FHB) symptoms is not well understood, it is reported to contaminate these cereals with high levels of HT‐2 and T‐2 trichothecenes mycotoxins that are currently under consideration for legislation by the European Commission. Ten commercial oat fields in Shropshire and Staffordshire (two adjacent counties in the Midlands) in the UK were surveyed in the 2006/2007 growing season. Samples were taken from predetermined field locations at Zadoks growth stages 32/33, 69, 77‐85 and 90‐92 for F. langsethiae biomass and HT‐2 and T‐2 toxins quantification. The results from this study showed that oats can be heavily infected with F. langsethiae and have high concentrations of HT‐2 and T‐2 toxins with no apparent FHB symptoms. The regression of HT‐2 + T‐2 toxins on F. langsethiae DNA concentration was highly significant (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.55). The results indicated that although F. langsethiae had no direct effect on crop yield, it may result in indirect economic losses where the grain can be rejected or downgraded as a result of intolerable levels of HT‐2 and T‐2 toxins, which are of human food and animal feed safety concern. The influence of cultural field practices on the infection and HT‐2 and T‐2 toxins accumulation in oats was not clear and warrants further studies to identify the sources of F. langsethiae inoculum and conditions favourable for infection and mycotoxin production.
Photobiological Safety Evaluation of UV Nail Lamps
Authors: Dowdy John C. , Sayre Robert M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe evaluated six UV nail lamps representative of major US manufacturers to evaluate radiant hazards as defined in ANSI/IESNA RP‐27 Recommended Practice for Photobiological Safety. Lamps were evaluated at three positions, 1 cm above the inner surface approximating exposure to the hand and the 20 cm RP‐27 non‐general light source distance, oriented normal and 45° to the opening. Hazard to skin at intended use distance classified these devices into Risk Group 1 or 2 (Low to Moderate) with S(λ) weighted Actinic UV ranging 1.2–1.7 μW cm−² and 29.8–276.25 min permissible daily exposure. At 20 cm on center and 45° UV risk to skin and eyes were all within Exempt classification. Actinic UV ranged 0.001–0.078 μW cm−² and unweighted near UV (320–400 nm) ranged 0.001–0.483 mW cm−². Likewise the retinal photochemical blue light hazard and retinal thermal and cornea/lens IR were also Exempt. One device had aphakic eye hazard slightly rising into Risk Group 1 (Low). There were no other photobiological risks to normal individuals. Total exposure following programmed times and steps accumulate to only a small fraction of RP‐27 permissible daily occupational exposure. These risks are further mitigated in realistic nonoccupational use scenarios as it is unlikely to be a daily occurrence.
A new anthracnose disease of pyrethrum caused byColletotrichum tanacetisp. nov
Authors: Barimani M. , Pethybridge S. J. , Vaghefi N. , Hay F. S. , Taylor P. W. J. 
Published: March 2013

A new pathogen of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) causing anthracnose was described asColletotrichum tanacetibased on morphological characteristics and a four‐gene phylogeny consisting ofrDNA‐ITS, β‐tubulin (TUB2), glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and actin (ACT) gene sequences. The fungus produced perithecia in culture, requiring an opposite mating type isolate in a heterothallic manner. The initial infection strategy on pyrethrum leaves involved the formation of appressoria followed by production of multilobed infection vesicles in the epidermal cells. Infection and colonization then proceeded through thinner secondary hyphae, which resulted in the initial production of water‐soaked lesions followed by black necrotic lesions. The infection process was suggestive of a hemibiotrophic infection strategy. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis clearly showed thatC. destructivum,C. higginsianumandC. panacicolawere separate species that also had similar intracellular hemibiotrophic infection strategies asC. tanaceti, which all clustered in theC. destructivumcomplex.Colletotrichumspp. were detected at 1% incidence in seed of 1 of 19 seed lines, indicating the potential for seed as a source of inoculum into crops.Colletotrichum tanacetiwas detected in leaf lesions from 11 of 24 pyrethrum fields surveyed between April and July 2012, at a frequency of 1·3–25·0% of lesions. Anthracnose probably contributes to the complex of foliar diseases reducing green leaf area in pyrethrum fields in Australia.
No evidence for peripheral mechanism attenuating auditory ERPs to self‐induced tones
Authors: Horváth János , Burgyán Annamária 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe N1 and P2 event‐related potentials (ERPs) are attenuated when the eliciting sounds coincide with our own actions. Although this ERP attenuation could be caused by central processes, it may also reflect a peripheral mechanism: the coactivation of the stapedius muscle with the task‐relevant effector, which reduces signal transmission efficiency in the middle ear, reducing the effective intensity of concurrently presented tones, which, in turn, elicit lower amplitude auditory ERPs. Because stapedius muscle contraction attenuates frequencies below 2 kHz, no attenuation should occur at frequencies above 2 kHz. A self‐induced tone paradigm was administered with 0.5, 2.0, and 8.0 kHz pure tones. Self‐induced tones elicited attenuated N1 and P2 ERPs, but the magnitude of attenuation was not affected by tone frequency. This result does not support the hypothesis that ERP attenuation to self‐induced tones are caused by stapedius muscle contractions.
Estimation of left ventricular stroke volume by impedance cardiography: its relation to the aortic reservoir
Authors: Wang Jiun‐Jr , de Vries Gwyneth , Tyberg John V. 
Published: March 2013

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?Thoracic impedance has been used to calculate left ventricular stroke volume for decades, while its theoretical basis remains controversial and the parameters generated have not been related satisfactorily to the haemodynamic events.
What is the main finding and what is its importance?We provide mechanistic explanations for the following: (i) why the upstroke of the change in thoracic impedance (ΔZ) waveform is constantly delayed with respect to that of the central aortic pressure; (ii) why the contour of the ΔZ waveform is ‘blunted’ compared with that of the central aortic pressure; (iii) what mechanism is related to the ‘second bump’ of the ΔZ waveform in early diastole (the ‘O‐wave’); and (iv) the mechanism that is likely to be associated with the decreasing ΔZ waveform in later diastole.
Impedance cardiography is a non‐invasive technique used to estimate left ventricular (LV) stroke volume (SV) using the change in thoracic impedance (ΔZ). It remains controversial, partly because impedance cardiographic parameters have not been successfully related to haemodynamic events. We hypothesized that the change in ΔZ may be proportional to the variation in thoracic (primarily aortic) blood volumes. Nine anaesthetized and ventilated dogs were divided into the following two groups: the ‘aortic volume group’ (n= 5), in which aortic and IVC (inferior vena caval) dimensions were measured ultrasonically; and the ‘reservoir volume group’, in which aortic and IVC reservoir volumes were calculated using the reservoir–wave model. Measurements were made in control conditions, in the presence of nitroprusside and methoxamine and after volume loading. In both the aortic volume group and the reservoir volume group, the maximal rate of increase in ΔZ[(dZ/dt)max] strongly correlated with the maximal rate of change in aortic/reservoir blood volume (R2= 0.85 and 0.95, respectively), which in turn was proportional to the LV SV. The LV and IVC contributions to ΔZ were small in control conditions (∼5 and 1%, respectively), but the LV contribution increased slightly (to 7%) with administration of methoxamine and after volume loading (to 10%). It is concluded that the change in thoracic impedance (ΔZ) during the cardiac cycle is proportional to the change in aortic reservoir (i.e. Windkessel) volume, which provides a mechanistic explanation for previously demonstrated good correlations with standard measures of cardiac output.
Cyclo‐oxygenase‐1 or ‐2‐mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid in endothelium‐dependent contraction of mouse arteries
Authors: Zhou Yingbi , Luo Wenhong , Zhang Yingzhan , Li Hui , Huang Dongyang , Liu Bin 
Published: March 2013

New findings
What is the central question of this study?To determine the specific cyclo‐oxygenase (COX) isoform(s) involved in endothelium‐dependent contraction and whether prostaglandin I2, a mediator of endothelium‐derived vasoconstrictor activity, can be generated in medial smooth muscle from prostaglandin H2 that might diffuse from the endothelium.
What is the main finding and its importance?Our results demonstrate a predominant role for COX‐1 in arachidonic acid metabolism and suggest that in the given mouse arteries, metabolites from either COX isoform cause contraction. Moreover, our results imply that some of the prostaglandin I2 involved in the vasoconstrictor activity of endothelial COX‐mediated metabolism could possibly be generated from prostaglandin H2 in the medial smooth muscle. These findings add to our current understanding of mechanisms for endothelium‐dependent contraction.
This study aimed to determine whether the cyclo‐oxygenase (COX) substrate arachidonic acid (AA) evokes endothelium‐dependent contraction and, if so, the specific COX isoform(s) involved and whether prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2; PGI2), a mediator of endothelium‐derived vasoconstrictor activity, can be generated in medial smooth muscle from the intermediate COX product prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) that might diffuse from the endothelium. Aortae and/or carotid arteries were isolated from C57BL/6 mice or those lacking one of the two COX isoforms (COX‐1−/− or COX‐2−/−) for functional and/or biochemical analyses. Results showed that in vessels from C57BL/6 mice, exogenous AA evoked not only endothelium‐dependent production of the PGI2 metabolite 6‐keto‐PGF1α, but also contractions reduced by thromboxane–prostanoid receptor antagonism or endothelial denudation. The minimal concentration for AA to evoke contraction was 0.3 μm, a level thought to activate only COX‐2. However, neither the contraction nor 6‐keto‐PGF1α production was altered in vessels from COX‐2−/− mice, while both were reduced in COX‐1−/− counterparts. In vessels from COX‐1−/− mice, AA also caused minor contractions that were sensitive to non‐selective COX inhibition. Real‐time PCR showed that like COX‐1, COX‐2 mainly existed in the endothelium, but it was unaltered in COX‐1−/− mice. Also, we noted that in endothelium‐denuded aortae, PGH2 generated PGI2 as in intact vessels. These results demonstrate a predominant role for COX‐1 and suggest that in the given mouse arteries, metabolites from either COX isoform cause contraction. Moreover, our results imply that some of the PGI2 involved in vasoconstrictor activity of endothelial COX‐mediated metabolism could possibly be generated from PGH2 in medial smooth muscle.
Illness and injury in athletes during the competition period at the London 2012 Paralympic Games: development and implementation of a web-based surveillance system (WEB-IISS) for team medical staff
Authors: Derman Wayne , Schwellnus Martin , Jordaan Esme , Blauwet Cheri A , Emery Carolyn , Pit-Grosheide Pia , Marques Norma-Angelica Patino , Martinez-Ferrer Oriol , Stomphorst Jaap , Van de Vliet Peter , Webborn Nick , Willick Stuart E 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundIn this study we describe (1) the implementation of a novel web-based injury and illness surveillance system (WEB-IISS) for use by a team of physicians at multisport events and (2) the incidence and characteristics of injuries and illness in athletes during the London 2012 Paralympic Games.MethodsOverall, 3565 athletes from 160 of the 164 participating countries were followed daily over a 14-day period, consisting of a precompetition period (3 days), and a competition period (11 days) (49 910 athlete-days). Daily injury and illness data were obtained from teams with their own medical support (78 teams, 3329 athletes) via the WEB-IISS, and without their own medical support through the London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games database (82 teams and 236 athletes).ResultsThere were no differences between incidence rates (IR) of injury and illness, or between the precompetition and competition periods. The IR of injury during the competition period was 12.1/1000 athlete-days, with an incidence proportion (IP) of 11.6% (95% CI 11.0% to 13.3%). Upper limb injuries (35%), particularly of the shoulder (17%) were most common. The IR of illness during the competition period was 12.8/1000 athlete-days (95% CI 12.18 to 1421), with an IP of 10.2%. The IP was highest in the respiratory system (27.4%), skin (18.3%) and the gastrointestinal (14.5%) systems.ConclusionsDuring the competition period, the IR and IP of illness and injury at the Games were similar and comparable to the observed rates in other elite competitions. In Paralympic athletes, the IP of upper limb injuries is higher than that of lower limb injuries and non-respiratory illnesses are more common.
Ductal carcinoma in situ associated with triple negative invasive breast cancer: evidence for a precursor–product relationship
Authors: Thike Aye Aye , Iqbal Jabed , Cheok Poh Yian , Tse Gary Man-Kit , Tan Puay Hoon 
Published: March 2013

AimWe evaluated pathological features of the ductal carcinoma in situ component of 241 triple negative invasive breast cancers.ResultsWe found that 151 (62.6%) in situ lesions were of high nuclear grade, and 236 (97.9%) were triple negative (oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, cerbB2 negative). Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin (CK)5/6, CK14, CK17, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD117, 34βE12, p63 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) revealed positive staining in 5 (2.1%), 60 (24.9%), 69 (28.6%), 37 (15.4%), 69 (28.6%), 137 (56.8%), 3 (1.2%) and 22 (9.1%) in situ ductal components respectively, with fair to substantial agreement of staining results (positive versus negative) between in situ and corresponding invasive elements for CK5/6, CK14, CK17, EGFR, CD117 and 34βE12; but none to fair agreement for p63 and SMA respectively. When the tri-panel of CK14, EGFR and 34βE12 was used to define the basal phenotype, 68% revealed basal-like expression of both in situ and invasive components of the same case.ConclusionsOur data support the notion that triple negative ductal carcinoma in situ is the precursor of the corresponding invasive counterpart, and that basal-like expression is maintained in the majority of invasive cancers associated with basal-like in situ disease. Future studies that prospectively evaluate morphological and biological characteristics of invasive cancers that develop from triple negative and basal-like ductal carcinoma in situ lesions will assist in validating these findings.
The role of diagnostic CT imaging in the acute assessment of battlefield external genital injuries
Authors: Rushambuza Roger P M 
Published: March 2013

IntroductionThe external genitalia are routinely included in the‘CT-Traumagram’ at the Role 3 hospital in Afghanistan. Although the radiologist may have the opportunity to diagnose clinically undetected genital injury, little emphasis has been placed on the CT appearances of the external genitalia after Improvised Explosive Device related injury.MethodsA prospective observational study was carried out on casualties admitted during 1 month in 2011. Genital findings on CT were correlated with clinical operative findings.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-eight casualties were admitted of which 12 (9%) had genital injury. 17 testes were exposed to blast injury—5/17 (29%) were unharmed, one was dislocated, two were lost, one had a testicular haematoma and 8/17 (47%) were disrupted and underwent salvage. The CT findings—loss of the definition of the tunica albuginea and intra-testicular contrast blushing correlated with testicular disruption in all cases. The single dislocated testis and the two cases where there were no testes remaining after injury were all evident on CT.DiscussionThe CT appearance of the external genitalia following trauma are unfamiliar. However, despite the small numbers and clear limitations, the results suggest that CT has an important role to play in the diagnosis of significant genital trauma. Ultrasound assessment should be considered if there is persisting uncertainty.Conclusions‘CT-Traumagram’provides rapid, whole body information in casualties exposed to blast injury and this should be exploited in its entirety by the trauma team. Abnormal genital findings on contrast CT should alert radiologists and surgeons to the possibility of significant genital trauma.