bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial boundary regularity of non-linear parabolic systems in low dimensions
Authors: Bögelein Verena 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper we establish partial boundary regularity for non-linear parabolic systems

∂
t

u
-
div
a

(
x
,
t
,
u
,
D
u
)

=
0

$\partial _t u - \operatorname{div}a(x,t,u,Du) =0$

with quadratic growth in dimensions

n
≤
2

${n\le 2}$

.
In particular, we prove that almost every lateral boundary point is a Hölder continuity point for the spatial gradient of the solution. We are also able to treat particular vector fields in the higher dimensional case. In the case of vector fields

a
(
x
,
t
,
D
u
)

${a(x,t,Du)}$

not depending on u, the partial boundary regularity has been established in [Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré, Anal. Non Linéaire 27 (2010), 145–200].
Effects of Partial Slip on Chemically Reactive Solute Distribution in MHD Boundary Layer Stagnation Point Flow Past a Stretching Permeable Sheet
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Swati 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer stagnation point flow with diffusion of chemically reactive species undergoing first-order chemical reaction over a permeable stretching sheet in presence of partial slip. With the help of similarity transformations, the partial differential equations corresponding to momentum and the concentration equations are transformed into non-linear ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions of these equations are obtained by shooting method. It is found that the horizontal velocity increases with the increasing value of the ratio of the free stream velocity and the stretching velocity. Velocity decreases with the increasing magnetic parameter when the free-stream velocity is less than the stretching velocity but the opposite behavior is noted when the free-stream velocity is greater than the stretching velocity. Due to suction, fluid velocity decreases at a particular point of the surface. With increasing velocity slip parameter, velocity increases when the free-stream velocity is greater than the stretching velocity. But the concentration decreases in this case. Concentration decreases with increasing mass slip parameter.
Bratman, Searle, and Simplicity. A comment on Bratman, Shared Agency: A Planning Theory of Acting Together
Authors: Petersson Björn 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMichael Bratman’s work is established as one of the most important philosophical approaches to group agency so far, and Shared Agency, A Planning Theory of Acting Together confirms that impression. In this paper I attempt to challenge the book’s central claim that considerations of theoretical simplicity will favor Bratman’s theory of collective action over its main rivals. I do that, firstly, by questioning whether there must be a fundamental difference in kind between Searle style we-intentions and I-intentions within that type of framework. If not, Searle’s type of theory need not be less qualitatively parsimonious than Bratman’s. This hangs on how we understand the notions of modes and contents of intentional states, and the relations between modes, contents, and categorizations of such states. Secondly, by questioning whether Bratman’s theory steers clear of debunking or dismissing collectivity. Elsewhere I have claimed that the manoeuvres Bratman suggested to avoid circularity in his conceptual analysis (in 1992 and 1997) undermine the strength of his resulting notion of collective action. Bratman responds in detail to this objection in his new book and I return to the issue towards the end of the paper.
Characterization and selection of microhabitat of Microcavia australis (Rodentia: Caviidae): first data in a rocky habitat in the hyperarid Monte Desert of Argentina
Authors: Andino Natalia , Borghi Carlos E. , Giannoni Stella M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA rocky habitat, in its broadest sense, may be described as any locality that contains boulders, rocks, scree, pebbles, outcrops, cliffs, or caves. In these habitats, mammals find shelter sites that they use as nesting sites or dens to raise their young in a stable microclimate that is relatively secure from predators. The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate the microhabitat selection by the southern mountain cavy (
Bayesian mixed-effects model for the analysis of a series of FRAP images
Authors: Feilke Martina , Schneider Katrin , Schmid Volker J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe binding behavior of molecules in nuclei of living cells can be studied through the analysis of images from fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments. However, there is still a lack of methodology for the statistical evaluation of FRAP data, especially for the joint analysis of multiple dynamic images. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian nonlinear model with mixed-effect priors based on local compartment models in order to obtain joint parameter estimates for all nuclei as well as to account for the heterogeneity of the nuclei population. We apply our method to a series of FRAP experiments of DNA methyltransferase 1 tagged to green fluorescent protein expressed in a somatic mouse cell line and compare the results to the application of three different fixed-effects models to the same series of FRAP experiments. With the proposed model, we get estimates of the off-rates of the interactions of the molecules under study together with credible intervals, and additionally gain information about the variability between nuclei. The proposed model is superior to and more robust than the tested fixed-effects models. Therefore, it can be used for the joint analysis of data from FRAP experiments on various similar nuclei.
Thromboelastography for monitoring platelet function in unruptured intracranial aneurysm patients undergoing stent placement
Authors: Yang Hongchao , Li Youxiang , Jiang Yuhua , Lv Xianli 
Published: December 2014

This study evaluated patients’ preoperative platelet function and the relation between acute embolic or hemorrhagic complications in unruptured intracranial aneurysm patients undergoing stent treatment. From September 2013 to December 2013 we prospectively collected clinical data in all unruptured intracranial aneurysm patients undergoing stent-assisted coiling. All patients received a dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) protocol. Diffusion-weighted 3-T MRI was performed for cerebral aneurysm patients within 24 hours after treatment. Platelet function was tested by thromboelastography. Forty-six patients with 50 intracranial aneurysms treated by stent-assisted coiling were included. Fifty-three stents were deployed in 46 procedures, including 39 Enterprise stents and 14 Solitaire stents. Acute ischemia was detected in the territory of the stented vessel in 25 of 46 patients (54.3%), but did not cause permanent disability. There was a significant difference between groups with and without thromboembolism in terms of percentage platelet inhibition and ADP-induced clot strength (MAADP) for clopidogrel, but no significant difference with aspirin. MAADP had a predictive value yielding an area under the ROC curve of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.57–0.81, P < 0.05). Anterior circulation aneurysms were also associated with ischemic events (P = 0.034). Silent acute embolism may be frequent in unruptured intracranial aneurysm treated with stent-assisted coiling even when dual antiplatelet therapy is given. The antiplatelet inhibition parameter (MAADP) was a predictor for acute thromboembolism in unruptured intracranial aneurysm patients treated by stent-assisted coiling.
Die Kündigung des Anleiheschuldverhältnisses aus wichtigem Grund
Authors: Florstedt Tim , von Randow Philipp 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die Finanzierungspraxis begegnet dem Recht zur Kündigung von Anleiheschuldverhältnissen nach § 314 BGB mit Widerstand. Ein ungeschriebenes und unentziehbares Recht zur Kündigung aus wichtigem Grund zu Gunsten von Anleihegläubigern gilt als erhebliches Defizit des deutschen Rechts. Theorie und Praxis fügen sich dabei weithin der Annahme, die durch Erwerb der Schuldverschreibung zustande kommende Rechtsbeziehung zwischen dem Emittenten und dem jeweils berechtigten Inhaber des Wertpapiers sei als Dauerschuldverhältnis nach § 314 BGB zu klassifizieren. Eine nähere Auseinandersetzung mit den Voraussetzungen einer Kündigung aus wichtigem Grund in Anleiheschuldverhältnissen unterbleibt dagegen. Das ist sonderbar, denn der Entscheidung über das Bestehen oder Nichtbestehen eines solchen Rechts kommt für die Praxis des publikumsfinanzierten Fremdkapitals herausragende Bedeutung zu. Der Beitrag will Grund und Grenzen von Kündigungsrechten für Anleihegläubiger nach § 314 BGB näher darlegen und zeigen, dass die streng begrenzte Möglichkeit der Kündigung von Anleihen aus wichtigem Grund keinen Nachteil für die Begebung von Anleihen unter deutschem Recht bedeutet.
Verständliche Risikoaufklärung und Schutz unkundiger Kleinanleger bei der Anlageberatung
Authors: Brenncke Martin 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag analysiert die anlegerschützende Wirkung des Gebots der verständlichen Risikoaufklärung im Aufsichts- und Zivilrecht. Dieser Schutz ist für unkundige Kleinanleger im Informationsmodell begrenzt, weil das Aufsichtsrecht ein Mindestmaß an Verständnis beim Privatkunden zwingend unterstellt. Im Beratungsmodell kann im Ausnahmefall hingegen auch ein Verständnistest beim Kunden gefordert sein. Die vom BGH zuletzt im Zinsswap-Urteil aufgestellten hohen Anforderungen an die Verständlichkeit stehen mit aufsichtsrechtlichen Wertentscheidungen im Einklang, gerade auch soweit sie in faktische Vertriebsbeschränkungen münden. Sie lassen sich zudem für den Schutz unkundiger Kleinanleger fruchtbar machen.
The Implication of the Concept “nikotiiniriippuvuus” in the Finnish Tobacco Discussion
Authors: Hellman Matilda , Majamåki Maija , Hakkarainen Pekka 
Published: December 2014

Background We examined the Finnish concept of “nikotiiniriippuvuus” (nicotine addiction or dependency in English) in two public arenas in recent Finnish history (1970s, 1990s and 2000s). One was the biggest daily newspaper Helsingin Sanomat, the other the medical professional journal Lääkärilehti. Data & Design A total of 102 print press items from the 1990s and the 2000s were collected through electronic archives with the search word “nikotiiniriippuvuus”. In addition, 41 texts were collected manually from the 1970s. Results Of the items from the 1970s, only three mentioned the concept of “riippuvuus”. Overall, we found that the use of “nikotiiniriippuvuus” has increased greatly over time. In order to know more about the implications of this, we identified some themes as meaning-making traits surrounding the concept in the materials. The analysis points to four main meaning-making functions of the concept: i) agenda-setting, ii) introducing and explaining self-governance techniques, iii) introducing a medical understanding, and iv), mediating views on responsibility division.
An Explanation of the Ageing Mechanism of Li-Ion Batteries by Metallographic and Material Analysis
Authors: Gorse S. , Kugler B. , Samtleben T. , Waldmann T. , Wohlfahrt-Mehrens M. , Schneider G. , Knoblauch V. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Li-ion batteries are a key technology for both electro-mobility and stationary energy storage systems. In order to be able to represent and improve their service life in these applications, a better understanding of the processes which lead to the degradation of the individual cells is essential. The work presented in this article focuses on the comparative post mortem analysis of type 18650 commercially available cells containing the state of the art active materials (Cathode: LiMn2O4 (LMO) and Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 (NMC), Anode: Graphite). These cells were subjected to various different ageing procedures. Amongst other effects, the cells investigated revealed signs of crack formation in the LMO- and NMC-particles, a loss in the mechanical integrity of the cathode active mass and plastic deformation of cell structure together with pronounced delamination between the active mass layers, the separator and the current collector.
Special aspects of ice drilling and results of 5G hole drilling at Vostok station, Antarctica
Authors: Litvinenko V.S. , Vasiliev N.I. , Lipenkov V.Ya. , Dmitriev A.N. , Podoliak A.V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper documents the drilling of the 5G deep hole at the Russian Vostok station, Antarctica. The hole construction is described and the specifications of the drill and surface drilling equipment are given. The peculiarities of drilling at various depths are considered. Based on the extensive experimental data collected at Vostok station, the processes occurring at the hole bottom are investigated: ice breaking and cutting, bottom cleaning and chip transport, and accumulation of the chips in the screen. The main factors affecting ice-drilling efficiency are the coarseness of ice crystals and the ice temperature. When ice crystal size exceeds 10 mm the cutting efficiency sharply decreases, and when ice temperature exceeds –5°C the chip transport from the hole bottom and the chip density in the screen are reduced. The drill advance then becomes irregular, slows down and may even be terminated in some cases. Optimal values of the basic drilling parameters (e.g. cutter head rotation rate and drilling fluid flow rate in the circulation system) have been deduced empirically. The designs of the cutter head and circulation system including screens have been significantly modified, allowing the drilling process to proceed at a normal rate even in the vicinity of the subglacial lake surface.
Visual Manifestations in Giant Cell Arteritis: Trend over 5 Decades in a Population-based Cohort
Authors: Singh Abha G. , Kermani Tanaz A. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Weyand Cornelia M. , Matteson Eric L. , Warrington Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2014

Objective.To evaluate clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of patients with visual changes from giant cell arteritis (GCA) and to examine trends over the last 5 decades.Methods.We reviewed the medical records of a population-based cohort of patients with GCA diagnosed between 1950 and 2004. The clinical, ophthalmological, and laboratory features of patients with visual manifestations attributable to GCA were compared to patients without visual complications. Trends over time were examined using logistic regression modeling adjusted for age and sex.Results.In a cohort of 204 cases of GCA (mean age 76.0 ± 8.2 yrs, 80% female), visual changes from GCA were observed in 47 patients (23%), and 4.4% suffered complete vision loss. A higher proportion of patients with visual manifestations reported jaw claudication than did patients without visual changes (55% vs 38%, p = 0.04). Over a period of 55 years, we observed a significant decline in the incidence of visual symptoms due to GCA. There was a lower incidence of ischemic optic neuropathy in the 1980–2004 cohort vs 1950–1979 (6% vs 15%, p = 0.03). Patients diagnosed in later decades were more likely to recover from visual symptoms (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06–1.71). Chances of recovery were poor in patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or complete vision loss.Conclusion.Incidence of visual symptoms has declined over the past 5 decades, and chances of recovery from visual symptoms have improved. However, complete loss of vision is essentially irreversible. Jaw claudication is associated with higher likelihood of development of visual symptoms.
Creation and Validation of the Self-esteem/Self-image Female Sexuality (SESIFS) Questionnaire
Authors: Lordello Maria C.O. , Ambrogini Carolina C. , Fanganiello Ana L. , Embiruçu Teresa R. , Zaneti Marina M. , Veloso Laise , Piccirillo Livia B. , Crude Bianca L. , Haidar Mauro , Silva Ivaldo 
Published: December 2014

Introduction Self-esteem and self-image are psychological aspects that affect sexual function. AIMS To validate a new measurement tool that correlates the concepts of self-esteem, self-image, and sexuality. Methods A 20-question test (the self-esteem/self-image female sexuality [SESIFS] questionnaire) was created and tested on 208 women. Participants answered: Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, the female sexual quotient (FSQ), and the SESIFS questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test concurrent validity of the SESIFS against Rosenberg's self-esteem scale and the FSQ. Reliability was tested using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Result The new questionnaire had a good overall reliability (Cronbach's alpha r = 0.862, p < 0.001), but the sexual domain scored lower than expected ( r = 0.65). The validity was good: overall score r = 0.38, p < 0.001, self-esteem domain r = 0.32, p < 0.001, self-image domain r = 0.31, p < 0.001, sexual domain r = 0.29, p < 0.001. Conclusions The SESIFS questionnaire has limitations in measuring the correlation among self-esteem, self-image, and sexuality domains. A new, revised version is being tested and will be presented in an upcoming publication.
Invited review: Clogging of granular materials in bottlenecks
Authors: Zuriguel Iker 
Published: December 2014

During the past decades, notable improvements have been achieved in the understanding of static and dynamic properties of granular materials, giving rise to appealing new concepts like jamming, force chains, non-local rheology or the inertial number. The 'saltcellar' can be seen as a canonical example of the characteristic features displayed by granular materials: an apparently smooth flow is interrupted by the formation of a mesoscopic structure (arch) above the outlet that causes a quick dissipation of all the kinetic energy within the system. In this manuscript, I will give an overview of this field paying special attention to the features of statistical distributions appearing in the clogging and unclogging processes. These distributions are essential to understand the problem and allow subsequent study of topics such as the influence of particle shape, the structure of the clogging arches and the possible existence of a critical outlet size above which the outpouring will never stop. I shall finally offer some hints about general ideas that can be explored in the next few years. Received: 21 November 2014, Accepted: 5 December 2014; Reviewed by: K. To, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Edited by: L. A. Pugnaloni; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060014Cite as: I Zuriguel, Papers in Physics 6, 060014 (2014)
Quaking Aspen Regeneration Following Prescribed Fire in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, USA
Authors: Margolis Ellis Q. , Farris Calvin A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPrescribed fire is commonly used for restoration, but the effects of reintroducing fire following a century of fire exclusion are unknown in many ecosystems. We assessed the effects of three prescribed fires, native ungulate browsing, and conifer competition on quaking aspen (Populus tremuloidesMichx.) regeneration in four small groves (0.5 ha to 3.0 ha) in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, USA, over an 11 yr period. The effects of fire on aspen regeneration density and height were variable within and among sites. Post-fire aspen regeneration density generally decreased with greater conifer basal area (rs= −0.73), but there was a wide range of aspen regeneration densities (4000 to 36 667 stems ha−1) at transects with no live conifers post-fire. The height of aspen regeneration increased as a function of increasing years-since-fire (1 yr to 11 yr), but heavy browsing by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionusRafinesque) may alter future growth trajectories. Median percent of aspen regeneration browsed was high in burned (91 %) and unburned (81 %) transects. Only 7 % (282 stems ha−1to 333 stems ha−1) of post-fire aspen regeneration in 11-year old burns exceeded the height necessary to escape mule deer browsing (150 cm). Browsing may also be altering aspen growth form, such that multi-stemmed aspen regeneration was positively associated with proportion of aspen regeneration browsed. These four case studies indicate that the effects of prescribed fires on quaking aspen in the southern Cascade Range of northern California were highly variable and, when coupled with biotic factors (such as deer browsing and competing vegetation) and varying fire severity, fire may either benefit or hasten the decline of small aspen groves.
Vegetation Recovery and Fuel Reduction after Seasonal Burning of Western Juniper
Authors: Bates Jonathan D. , O’Connor Rory , Davies Kirk W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe decrease in fire activity has been recognized as a main cause of expansion of North American woodlands. Piñon-juniper habitat in the western United States has expanded in area nearly 10-fold since the late 1800s. Woodland control measures using chainsaws, heavy equipment, and prescribed fire are used to restore sagebrush steppe plant communities. We compared vegetation recovery following cutting and prescribed fire on three sites in late Phase 2 (mid succession) and Phase 3 (late succession) western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) woodlands in southeast Oregon. Treatments were partial cutting followed by fall broadcast burning (SEP); clear-cut and leave (CUT); and clear-cut and burn in early winter (JAN), late winter (MAR), and spring (APR); and untreated controls. Cover and density of herbaceous, shrub, and tree layers were measured. Five years after treatment, perennial bunchgrasses dominated two sites and co-dominated, with invasive annual grasses, at one site. Except for Sandberg blue-grass (Poa secunda J. Presl), cover and density of bunchgrasses, perennial and annual forbs, and annual grasses increased following treatments at all three sites and were greater than in controls. At each site, shrub, herbaceous, and ground cover response variables equalized or had begun to converge among treatments during the fourth or fifth year following application. SEP and APR treatments were mostly effective at reducing fuel sizes up to and including 1000-hr fuels while JAN and MAR treatments only consumed 1-hr and 10-hr fuels. Winter burning treatments (JAN, MAR) and the CUT treatments did not kill small junipers and seedlings and require additional tree control for sites to fully recover to functional sagebrush-herbaceous plant communities. The results demonstrate that juniper treatments are needed to recover sagebrush steppe plant communities.