bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image quality and radiation dose of lower extremity CT angiography at 70 kVp on an integrated circuit detector dual-source computed tomography
Authors: Qi Li , Zhao Yan’E , Zhou Chang Sheng , Spearman James V , Renker Matthias , Schoepf U Joseph , Zhang Long Jiang , Lu Guang Ming 
Published: June 2014

Background Despite the well-established requirement for radiation dose reduction there are few studies examining the potential for lower extremity CT angiography (CTA) at 70 kVp. Purpose To compare the image quality and radiation dose of lower extremity CTA at 70 kVp using a dual-source CT system with an integrated circuit detector to similar studies at 120 kVp. Material and Methods A total of 62 patients underwent lower extremity CTA. Thirty-one patients were examined at 70 kVp using a second generation dual-source CT with an integrated circuit detector (70 kVp group) and 31 patients were evaluated at 120 kVp using a first generation dual-source CT (120 kVp group). The attenuation and image noise were measured and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. Two radiologists assessed image quality. Radiation dose was compared. Results The mean attenuation of the 70 kVp group was higher than the 120 kVp group (575 ± 149 Hounsfield units [HU] vs. 258 ± 38 HU, respectively, P < 0.001) as was SNR (44.0 ± 22.0 vs 32.7 ± 13.3, respectively, P = 0.017), CNR (39.7 ± 20.6 vs 26.6 ± 11.7, respectively, P = 0.003) and the mean image quality score (3.7 ± 0.1 vs. 3.2 ± 0.3, respectively, P < 0.001). The inter-observer agreement was good for the 70 kVp group and moderate for the 120 kVp group. The dose-length product was lower in the 70 kVp group (264.5 ± 63.1 mGy × cm vs. 412.4 ± 81.5 mGy × cm, P < 0.001). Conclusion Lower extremity CTA at 70 kVp allows for lower radiation dose with higher SNR, CNR, and image quality when compared with standard 120 kVp.
Peer Interaction and Its Influence on Family Purchase Decision: A Study among Indian Teenagers
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Nayak J.K. 
Published: June 2014

The paper aims to clarify the impact of Teenager–peer interaction and Enduring Product involvement (measured in terms of pleasure and sign associated with the possession of product) in the family purchase decision for the electronic items. It proposes that how the teenagers interaction with peer have an impact on family decision making process. The study aims to expand the domain of Consumer (family/Household) decision making by including a broader range of teenagers influence and the product involvement in day to day life. The study is based on the teenagers influence in the family’s purchase decision making in the purchase of electronic items. The study was done in India. A sample of 230 students has been taken. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) has been used for analysis. The paper provides a significant relationship among Teen-peer interaction and family purchase decision making process. As per the findings of this paper we conclude that the more the teenagers interact with peer, the more they contribute in the initiation stage of the family decision-making process. Similarly the teenager’s enduring involvement (measured in terms of pleasure) construct have a significant influence on the final decision making i.e. it significantly explains teen’s contribution to the purchase decision.
Survey of Qualitative Research Methodology in Strategy Research and Implication for Indian Researchers
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sandip , Gupta Rajen K. 
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this article is to review the acceptance and popularity of qualitative research designs in contrast to quantitative research designs in strategic management domain. The researchers also make a case for accommodating more qualitative research methods in strategic management research and identify the areas where qualitative research methods would be highly useful. In terms of research design for this survey, all peer-reviewed academic papers published in top three journals of strategic and general management ( Strategic Management Journal, Academy of Management Journal and Administrative Science Quarterly) and published between 2007 and 2012 were covered for this survey. Those papers that have used qualitative methods are selected for further detailed analysis. The finding suggests that, in terms of actual number of published articles, the qualitative methodology is far behind dominant quantitative methodology. Out of 847 empirical research articles published in the above three journals, only 9 per cent used qualitative research design, while 7 per cent used mixed method, but overwhelming 84 per cent uses quantitative research designs. There is variation among the three journals surveyed on their approach towards qualitative articles, while Administrative Science Quarterly and Academy of Management Journal provided more coverage for qualitative research articles; 14 per cent of total empirical research articles are qualitative. Strategic Management Journal has published least in terms of percentage; only 4 per cent of total empirical research articles are qualitative. Within qualitative methodology, case study is found to be most popular method among the researchers across all the three journals. In terms of paradigm, though interpretive paradigm is used for 75 per cent of the research design, positivist paradigm is used for half of the case study-based research design.
The erosion of psychiatrist-patient confidentiality by subpoenas
Authors: Levy John , Galambos Gary , Skarbek Yvonne 
Published: June 2014

Objectives: We explore the reasons for the prolific use of subpoenas to gain access to psychiatric records in Australia. We examine the applicable legal principles and practices at the New South Wales (NSW) and Commonwealth levels, aiming to develop recommendations for Australian Governments to curb the inappropriate and harmful use of subpoenas. Conclusion: Unfettered legal access to psychiatric records is inconsistent with professional ethical guidelines and risks undermining the provision of quality psychiatric care to the community. The existing legal provisions are failing to protect psychiatrist-patient confidentiality. In NSW, the onus is placed on the psychiatrist and/or patient to make a complicated application to the court, to direct that a subpoena be set aside on the grounds of “Professional Confidential Relationship Privilege.” An absence of Commonwealth legislation to protect psychiatrist-patient confidentiality is used by some litigants in family law proceedings to disadvantage patients by stigmatising them, because they have consulted psychiatrists. We recommend that uniform legislation be implemented, giving effect to a primary rule of privilege with exceptions.
Coupling effects on photoluminescence of exciton states in asymmetric quantum dot molecules
Authors: Fino Nelson R , Camacho Angela S , Ramírez Hanz Y 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We present a theoretical study of photoluminescence from exciton states in InAs/GaAs asymmetric dot pairs, where interdot coupling is reached via magnetic field in the Faraday configuration. Electronic structure is obtained by finite element calculations, and Coulomb effects are included using a perturbative approach. According to our simulated spectra, bright excited states may become optically accessible at low temperatures in hybridization regimes where intermixing with the ground state is achieved. Our results show effective magnetic control on the energy, polarization and intensity of emitted light, and suggest these coupled nanostructures as relevant candidates for implementation of quantum optoelectronic devices.
ROS Are Critical for Endometrial Breakdown via NF-κB–COX-2 Signaling in a Female Mouse Menstrual-Like Model
Authors: Wu Bin , Chen Xihua , He Bin , Liu Shuyan , Li Yunfeng , Wang Qianxing , Gao Haijun , Wang Shufang , Liu Jianbing , Zhang Shucheng , Xu Xiangbo , Wang Jiedong 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Progesterone withdrawal triggers endometrial breakdown and shedding during menstruation. Menstruation results from inflammatory responses; however, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in menstruation remains unclear. In this study, we explored the role of ROS in endometrial breakdown and shedding. We found that ROS levels were significantly increased before endometrial breakdown in a mouse menstrual-like model. Vaginal smear inspection, morphology of uterine horns, and endometrial histology examination showed that a broad range of ROS scavengers significantly inhibited endometrial breakdown in this model. Furthermore, Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the intracellular translocation of p50 and p65 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus was blocked by ROS scavengers and real-time PCR showed that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression was decreased by ROS scavengers. Similar changes also occurred in human stromal cells in vitro. Furthermore, Western blotting and real-time PCR showed that one ROS, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), promoted translocation of p50 and p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and increased COX-2 mRNA expression along with progesterone maintenance. The nuclear factor κB inhibitor MG132 reduced the occurrence of these changes in human stromal cells in vitro. Viewed as a whole, our results provide evidence that certain ROS are important for endometrial breakdown and shedding in a mouse menstrual-like model and function at least partially via nuclear factor-κB/COX-2 signaling. Similar changes observed in human stromal cells could also implicate ROS as important mediators of human menstruation.
Introduction of the human AVPR1A gene significantly alters brain receptor expression patterns, and may enhance aspects of social behavior in transgenic mice
Authors: Charles Rhonda , Sakurai Takeshi , Takahashi Nagahide , Elder Gregory A. , Gama Sosa Miguel A. , Young Larry J. , Buxbaum Joseph D. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Central arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (AVPR1A) modulates a wide range of behaviors, including stress management and territorial aggression, as well as social bonding and recognition. Inter- and intra-species variations in AVPR1A brain expression patterns and downstream differential behavioural phenotypes have been attributed to differences in the 5′ non-coding region upstream of the AVPR1A gene including polymorphic elements within this regulatory area. Gene association studies have suggested a link between AVPR1A polymorphisms and autism and AVPR1A has emerged as a potential pharmacological target for treatment of social cognitive impairments and mood and anxiety disorders. To further investigate the genetic mechanism giving rise to species differences in AVPR1A expression patterns and associated social behaviors, and to create a preclinical mouse model useful for screening drugs targeting AVPR1A, we engineered and extensively characterized BAC transgenic mice harboring the entire human AVPR1A locus with the surrounding regulatory elements. Compared to wildtype animals, the humanized mice (hAVPR1A) displayed a more widely distributed AVPR1A binding pattern, with overlap with primate expression. Furthermore, hAVPR1A mice displayed increased reciprocal social interactions compared to wildtype animals, but no differences in social approach and preference for social novelty were observed. Aspects of learning and memory, specifically novel object recognition and spatial relocation recognition, were unaffected. The biological alterations in hAVPR1A mice resulted in the rescue of prepulse inhibition impairments observed in knockout mice, indicating conserved functionality. Although further behavioural paradigms and additional cohorts need to be examined in hAVPR1A mice, the results demonstrate that species-specific variations in the genomic content of regulatory regions surrounding the AVPR1A locus are likely responsible for differential receptor protein expression patterns across species and contribute to species-specific behavioral variation. The hAVPR1A mouse is a potential preclinical model for further understanding the regulation of receptor gene expression and the impact of variation in receptor expression on behaviors, and should be useful for screening drugs targeting human AVPR1A.
Real Options and American Derivatives: The Double Continuation Region
Authors: Battauz Anna , De Donno Marzia , Sbuelz Alessandro 
Published: June 2014

We study the nonstandard optimal exercise policy associated with relevant capital investment options and with the prepayment option of widespread collateralized-borrowing contracts like the gold loan. Option exercise is optimally postponed not only when moneyness is insufficient, but also when it is excessive. We extend the classical optimal exercise properties for American options. Early exercise of an American call with a negative underlying payout rate can occur if the option is moderately in the money. We fully characterize the existence, the monotonicity, the continuity, the limits, and the asymptotic behavior at maturity of the double free boundary that separates the exercise region from the double continuation region. We find that the finite-maturity nonstandard policy conspicuously differs from the infinite-maturity one.This paper was accepted by Jerome Detemple, finance.
Is an i-gel® supraglottic airway useful for airway rescue in the community?
Authors: Iain Peutrell , Neil Jennison 
Published: June 2014

Objective: To ascertain whether an i-gel® (Intersurgical UK) supraglottic airway is suitable for newborn resuscitation in the community. Method: Fifty five community midwives were invited to participate in this study during their continuing professional development (CPD) training time over a 4 month period. Twenty of the midwives were able to participate during this time frame. The midwives were asked to manage a newborn resuscitation scenarios using 2 differing techniques: Bag valve mask with a Guedel airway (control) and a bag with an i-gel®. Results: Time to first breath was quicker using the i-gel® compared to bag valve mask and Guedel airway. There was no significant difference in duration of inflation breaths between the two techniques. Participants generated higher inflation pressures using i-gel® with a mean of 40cm H2O as opposed to 34cm H2O with the bag valve mask and Guedel airway. Conclusion: The time to first breath is considerably shorter using an i-gel® although airway pressures were significantly higher. Further investigation is needed before it could be recommended for clinical use, specifically to investigate the increased airway pressures and the true rate of failure.
The repetitive Five-Times-Sit-To-Stand test: its reliability in older adults
Authors: Teo Tilda WL , Mong Yiqin , Ng Shamay SM 
Published: June 2014

Aims This paper examines: the intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the Five-Times-Sit-To-Stand (FTSTS) test administered by experienced and inexperienced assessors; and the correlation of FTSTS test times with lower limb muscle strength and balance performance in healthy older and young people. Method The cross-sectional study investigated reliability using test batteries including: FTSTS times; hand-held dynamometer measurements of hip flexor, knee flexor and extensor, and ankle dorsiflexor and plantarflexor muscle strength; Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores; and dynamic posturography measurements of the limits of stability (LOS). A convenience sample of 12 healthy older and 12 younger participants was recruited in the local university-based rehabilitation centre. Results The FTSTS test showed excellent intra-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) range: 0.914–0.933) and moderate intra-rater reliability (ICC range: 0.644–0.879) in healthy older and young subject groups respectively. Inter-rater reliability between assessors yielded an ICC of 0.990. Test-retest reliability (ICC range: 0.988–0.995) was excellent. FTSTS times were not significantly associated with the older subjects' lower limb muscle strength, BBS scores or LOS results. Conclusion The FTSTS has good intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest reliability. There is no significant correlation of FTSTS times with lower limb muscle strength or balance performance in healthy older people. The FTSTS test is a reliable measurement tool whether used by experienced or inexperienced assessors. A future study with a larger sample size is required for establishing the validity of FTSTS test times in the older population.
Proprioception interventions to improve cervical position sense in cervical pathology
Authors: Petersen Cheryl M , Zimmermann Chris L , Tang Rong 
Published: June 2014

Background:Non-specific cervical pain is a common pathology and is difficult to treat. Various types of treatment interventions have been used individually or in combination. Proprioception training has been suggested as an aspect of intervention for cervical pathology but no systematic review has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of cervical proprioception retraining on reposition sense.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of proprioception interventions to improve cervical position sense (PS) in patients with pathology. A modified American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine method was used to systematically grade the level of evidence. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed on the intervention effects on PS or pain.Findings:PS was measured in 11 studies; seven used a laser pointer while four used motion detection instrumentation. Various treatment interventions, including deep cervical flexor activation, eye-head neck coordination exercises, mobilisation, manipulation and a multi-behavioural exercise approach were used individually or in combination to affect proprioception. Pain was measured in six studies using various outcome measures. The meta-analyses showed high heterogeneity of results in favour of treatment interventions for flexion/extension and for right/left rotation to improve PS as well as for pain reduction for the pain outcome measures.Conclusions:All the treatment interventions activated proprioceptors through muscle activation and joint or skin sensory receptors. The use of eye-head-neck coordination exercises produced moderate and large treatment effects for improving PS. This type of exercise links the sensory/motor (proprioception) systems of the neck with the oculomotor and vestibular systems to improve PS. Pain was also reduced (moderate effect size) with the use of these techniques. Clinicians targeting improvements in cervical PS may use this evidence, but further research is needed.
Constipation in children
Authors: Ludman Lorraine 
Published: June 2014

Constipation — difficulty or delay in passing stools (Clayden and Agnarsson, 1991) is common in childhood, and may progress to a chronic state where defaecation is infrequent (once every 3–5 days or as infrequently as once every 1–3 weeks) and the stools passed are hard pellets or firm and very bulky (Jenkins, 1992). Lorraine Ludman outlines the factors contibuting to constipation in children and how it can be managed.
Can women balance work and home?
Authors: Lawrence-Parr Carole 
Published: June 2014

Where would the NHS be without the female staff? Women dominate nursing, the professions allied to medicine, reception and administrative staff: single women, married women without children and women with children. We all form an absolutely vital part of the workforce in the NHS and without us the system as we know it today would not exist. There is no doubt that women encounter different problems in the working environment than their male counterparts, not least of which is balancing home and work. Carole Lawrence-Parr asks what role PCGs could have in developing parent-friendly policies.
Semiquantitative GATA-3 Immunoreactivity in Breast, Bladder, Gynecologic Tract, and Other Cytokeratin 7–Positive Carcinomas
Authors: Clark Beth Z. , Beriwal Surabhi , Dabbs David J. , Bhargava Rohit 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Objectives:
To evaluate GATA-3 immunohistochemical expression semiquantitatively in breast, gynecologic, gastric, pancreatic-biliary tract, urothelial, and vulvar/cervical squamous cell carcinomas.

Methods:
GATA-3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 198 invasive breast carcinomas on tissue microarrays. Tissue microarrays of other tissues included 144 gynecologic tumors, 28 bladder carcinomas, 63 cholangiocarcinomas, 20 pancreatic carcinomas, and 62 gastric carcinomas. Full tissue sections of 10 invasive squamous cell carcinomas were also stained. GATA-3 expression was semiquantitatively scored using an H-score method. H-score greater than 10 was considered a positive result.

Results:
Of 186 breast carcinomas, 95% were positive (mean H-score of 217). GATA-3 expression was uncommon in 139 nonsquamous gynecologic tumors, with often weak reactivity (mean H-score &lt;50) seen in 18% of endocervical, 7% of endometrial, and 10% of ovarian tumors. Six (60%) of 10 squamous cell carcinomas expressed GATA-3 (mean H-score of 102). Of 22 urothelial carcinomas, 95% expressed GATA-3 (mean H-score of 170). A few cholangiocarcinomas (3%), pancreatic adenocarcinomas (10%), and gastric carcinomas (2%) weakly expressed GATA-3 (mean H-score &lt;50).

Conclusions:
Strong GATA-3 expression is a reliable marker of primary breast carcinoma in the appropriate clinical context. GATA-3 reactivity in around 70% of triple-negative breast carcinomas is also clinically useful. Significant reactivity in gynecologic squamous cell carcinomas suggests that GATA-3 alone cannot reliably distinguish these tumors from urothelial carcinoma.
The purpose and importance of personal creativity for creative arts therapists: A brief literature review
Authors: Iliya Yasmine A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Creative arts therapists who cease to create their own art are at a risk of clinification, a term defined and explored by P. B. Allen. The field of creative arts therapy will neither survive nor progress if creative arts therapists are not habitually engaged in the practice of creativity and art-making themselves. This article will briefly review existing literature on the importance of art-making by creative arts therapists for personal purposes. Although creative arts therapists may make art with clients for clinical purposes, this article will focus on the need for a consistent and personal exploration through and with art in order to fully understand the art form and its transformative properties. In addition, this article will demonstrate a need for additional research in this field.