bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risks to global biodiversity from fossil‐fuel production exceed those from biofuel production
Authors: Dale Virginia H. , Parish Esther S. , Kline Keith L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPotential global biodiversity impacts from near‐term gasoline production are compared to biofuel, a renewable liquid transportation fuel expected to substitute for gasoline in the near term (i.e., from now until c. 2030). Petroleum exploration activities are projected to extend across more than 5.8 billion ha of land and ocean worldwide (of which 3.1 billion is on land), much of which is in remote, fragile terrestrial ecosystems or off‐shore oil fields that would remain relatively undisturbed if not for interest in fossil fuel production. Future biomass production for biofuels is projected to fall within 2.0 billion ha of land, most of which is located in areas already impacted by human activities. A comparison of likely fuel‐source areas to the geospatial distribution of species reveals that both energy sources overlap with areas with high species richness and large numbers of threatened species. At the global scale, future petroleum production areas intersect more than double the area and a higher total number of threatened species than future biofuel production. Energy options should be developed to optimize provisioning of ecosystem services while minimizing negative effects, which requires information about potential impacts on critical resources. Energy conservation and identifying and effectively protecting habitats with high‐conservation value are critical first steps toward protecting biodiversity under any fuel production scenario. Published in 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Global insights into the Chinese hamster and CHO cell transcriptomes
Authors: Vishwanathan Nandita , Yongky Andrew , Johnson Kathryn C. , Fu Hsu‐Yuan , Jacob Nitya M. , Le Huong , Yusufi Faraaz N.K. , Lee Dong Yup , Hu Wei‐Shou 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTTranscriptomics is increasingly being used on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to unveil physiological insights related to their performance during production processes. The rich transcriptome data can be exploited to provide impetus for systems investigation such as modeling the central carbon metabolism or glycosylation pathways, or even building genome‐scale models. To harness the power of transcriptome assays, we assembled and annotated a set of RNA‐Seq data from multiple CHO cell lines and Chinese hamster tissues, and constructed a DNA microarray. The identity of genes involved in major functional pathways and their transcript levels generated in this study will serve as a reference for future studies employing kinetic models. In particular, the data on glycolysis and glycosylation pathways indicate that the variability of gene expression level among different cell lines and tissues may contribute to their differences in metabolism and glycosylation patterns. Thereby, these insights can potentially lead to opportunities for cell engineering. This repertoire of transcriptome data also enables the identification of potential sequence variants in cell lines and allows tracing of cell lineages. Overall the study is an illustration of the potential benefit of RNA‐Seq that is yet to be exploited. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 965–976. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis preceded by subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Mukae Haru , Furusyo Norihiro , Murata Masayuki , Ogawa Eiichi , Kainuma Mosaburo , Shimizu Motohiro , Ihara Takeshi , Hayashi Jun 
Published: December 2014

Key Clinical MessageGranulomatosis with polyangiitis can be a complication of thyroid disease, not only autoimmune disease but also subacute thyroiditis.
Neonatal acute megakaryoblastic leukemia mimicking congenital neuroblastoma
Authors: Kawasaki Yukako , Makimoto Masami , Nomura Keiko , Hoshino Akihiro , Hamashima Takeru , Hiwatari Mitsuteru , Nakazawa Atsuko , Takita Junko , Yoshida Taketoshi , Kanegane Hirokazu 
Published: December 2014

Key Clinical MessageWe describe a neonate with abdominal distension, massive hepatomegaly, and high serum neuron‐specific enolase level suggestive of congenital neuroblastoma. The patient died of pulmonary hemorrhage after therapy. Autopsy revealed that the tumor cells in the liver indicated acute megakaryocytic leukemia with the RBM15‐MKL1 fusion gene.
Aufarbeitung von Polyphenolen aus Weizen mittels Zeolithen am Beispiel der Ferulasäure
Authors: Thiel Alexander , Muffler Kai , Tippkötter Nils , Suck Kirstin , Sohling Ulrich , Ruf Friedrich , Ulber Roland 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBei der Ferulasäure handelt es sich um einen Wertstoff, der aus Weizen gewonnen und in der Lebensmittel‐ und Pharmaindustrie eingesetzt werden kann. Der Einsatz von Weizen als nachwachsende Rohstoffquelle ist allerdings nur dann wirtschaftlich durchführbar, wenn eine Prozessintegration in die bestehenden industriellen Verfahren gewährleistet oder eine direkte Konkurrenz zur Mehl‐ und Stärkeindustrie vermieden werden kann. In diesem Artikel wird ein Verfahren aufgezeigt, welches hohe Ausbeuten ermöglicht und eine Konkurrenz zu bestehenden Verwertungspfaden vermeidet.
Krieg der Chemiker
Authors: Vaupel Elisabeth 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWegen des massiven Einsatzes chemischer Kampfstoffe wird der Erste Weltkrieg oft als “Krieg der Chemiker” bezeichnet. Diese Formulierung ist zwar überspitzt, weil sie die ebenfalls kriegswichtige Rolle der Physiker und der Ingenieure ausblendet, doch sie drückt zutreffend aus, dass die Chemie in diesem Krieg tatsächlich zum ersten Mal eine Schlüsselrolle spielte. Ohne die tatkräftige Unterstützung durch ihre potente chemische Industrie hätten die Deutschen schon 1915 kapitulieren müssen.
Leuchtdioden als umweltschonendes Beleuchtungskonzept
Authors: Harrer Roswitha 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRote, gelbe – (grüne), blaue: Die Entwicklung von effizienten Leuchtdioden zur Emission von blauem Licht legte den Grundstein für neue Beleuchtungskonzepte mit weißem Licht von weit höherer Effizienz. Für diese Entwicklungen wurden Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano und Shuji Nakamura mit dem Nobelpreis für Physik 2014 geehrt.
Inferring the temperature dependence of population parameters: the effects of experimental design and inference algorithm
Authors: Palamara Gian Marco , Childs Dylan Z. , Clements Christopher F. , Petchey Owen L. , Plebani Marco , Smith Matthew J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUnderstanding and quantifying the temperature dependence of population parameters, such as intrinsic growth rate and carrying capacity, is critical for predicting the ecological responses to environmental change. Many studies provide empirical estimates of such temperature dependencies, but a thorough investigation of the methods used to infer them has not been performed yet. We created artificial population time series using a stochastic logistic model parameterized with the Arrhenius equation, so that activation energy drives the temperature dependence of population parameters. We simulated different experimental designs and used different inference methods, varying the likelihood functions and other aspects of the parameter estimation methods. Finally, we applied the best performing inference methods to real data for the species Paramecium caudatum. The relative error of the estimates of activation energy varied between 5% and 30%. The fraction of habitat sampled played the most important role in determining the relative error; sampling at least 1% of the habitat kept it below 50%. We found that methods that simultaneously use all time series data (direct methods) and methods that estimate population parameters separately for each temperature (indirect methods) are complementary. Indirect methods provide a clearer insight into the shape of the functional form describing the temperature dependence of population parameters; direct methods enable a more accurate estimation of the parameters of such functional forms. Using both methods, we found that growth rate and carrying capacity of Paramecium caudatum scale with temperature according to different activation energies. Our study shows how careful choice of experimental design and inference methods can increase the accuracy of the inferred relationships between temperature and population parameters. The comparison of estimation methods provided here can increase the accuracy of model predictions, with important implications in understanding and predicting the effects of temperature on the dynamics of populations.
Chromium Tricarbonyl and Chromium Benzene Complexes of Graphene, Their Properties, Stabilities, and Inter‐Ring Haptotropic Rearrangements – A DFT Investigation
Authors: Gloriozov Igor P. , Marchal Rémi , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Oprunenko Yuri F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe structures, electronic properties, stabilities, mechanisms, and activation barriers of the intramolecular inter‐ring haptotropic rearrangements (η6,η6‐IRHRs) of chromium tricarbonyl and chromium benzene complexes of graphene were modeled by DFT calculations. All of the above calculated characteristics are in good agreement with the experimental data for related complexes with ultralarge, large, and medium‐sized polyaromatic ligands (PALs). Generally η6,η6‐IRHRs between isomer complexes with organometallic groups (OMGs) in different positions in graphene ligand proceeds via η3‐transition states with activation barriers considerably lower (<25 kcal/mol) than those of the corresponding rearrangements in medium‐sized PALs (>30 kcal/mol). This could be explained by the reduction of electron density and the increase of electron mobility inside graphene molecules, which weaken metal–ligand bonds and facilitate rearrangements.
Unexpectedly Complex Crystalline Phases in the MSO3F–Ag(SO3F)2 Phase Diagram (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs)
Authors: Michałowski T. , Mazej Z. , Budzianowski A. , Jagličić Z. , Leszczyński P. J. , Grochala W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe syntheses and characterizations of mixed‐cation fluorosulfates containing AgII ions are reported and add to the moderately well‐known chemistry of AgII compounds. The compounds synthesized mostly show different structures and compositions. The mixed sodium–silver fluorosulfate is isostructural with Ag3(SO3F)4 (monoclinic P21/c, a = 5.2812 Å, b = 13.0473 Å, c = 19.3557 Å, and β = 100.970°) and has the composition (Ag0.05Na0.95)(Ag0.65Na0.35)AgII(SO3F)4. The mixed potassium–silver fluorosulfate does not correspond to KI2AgII(SO3F)4 but rather to KAgI2AgII(SO3F)5 [orthorhombic P2221, a = 6.4736(3) Å, b = 7.3915(4) Å, and c = 17.7736(10) Å]. Two rubidium–silver fluorosulfates form as a mixture, one corresponds to RbAgI2AgII(SO3F)5 [orthorhombic P2221, a = 6.4828(6) Å, b = 7.3551(7) Å, c = 18.0262(17) Å], and the other corresponds to RbAgII(SO3F)3 [monoclinic P21/m, a = 15.8152(14) Å, b = 15.4861(13) Å, c = 17.0211(14) Å, and β = 101.513(5)°]. The cesium fluorosulfate/silver(II) fluorosulfate phase diagram is exemplified by the CsAgII(SO3F)3 salt [triclinic P$\bar {1}$, a = 14.9241(5) Å, b = 9.7046(3) Å, c = 17.8465(7) Å, α = 109.116(2)°, β = 84.655(3)°, and γ = 119.171(3)°]. The IR and Raman spectra of the compounds were measured, and their thermal stability and magnetic properties have been determined. The MAgI2AgII(SO3F)5 systems show antiferromagnetic behavior with absolute superexchange constants of up to 19.1 meV for M = K, and ferromagnetism can be observed below 20–40 K for the MAg(SO3F)3 derivatives (M = Rb, Cs).
Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of 2‐Fluoro‐1,3‐diketones to Nitroalkenes
Authors: Kwiatkowski Jacek , Lu Yixin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHighly enantioselective Michael addition of 2‐fluoro‐1,3 diketones to nitroalkenes was developed, and the desired adducts were obtained in good chemical yields with moderate to good diastereoselectivties and excellent enantioselectivities. Subsequent stereoselective reduction of the carbonyl groups led to the preparation of a functionalized fluoroisostere of glycerol that contains four continuous stereogenic centers.
Effects of lasofoxifene and bazedoxifene on B cell development and function
Authors: Bernardi Angelina I. , Andersson Annica , Grahnemo Louise , Nurkkala‐Karlsson Merja , Ohlsson Claes , Carlsten Hans , Islander Ulrika 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe third generation selective estrogen receptor modulators lasofoxifene (las) and bazedoxifene (bza) are indicated for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. 17β‐Estradiol (E2) and the second generation SERM raloxifene (ral) have major effects on the immune system, particularly on B cells. Treatment with E2 or ral inhibits B lymphopoiesis and treatment with E2, but not ral, stimulates antibody production. The effects of las and bza on the immune system have not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate their role in B cell development, maturation, and function. C57BL/6 mice were sham‐operated or ovariectomized (ovx) and treated with vehicle, E2, ral, las, or bza. All substances increased total bone mineral density in ovx mice, as measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. In uterus, bza alone lacked agonistic effect in ovx mice and even acted as an antagonist in sham mice. As expected, E2 decreased B cell numbers at all developmental stages from pre‐BI cells (in bone marrow) to transitional 1 (T1) B cells (in spleen) and increased marginal zone (MZ) B cells as determined by flow cytometry. However, treatment with las or bza only decreased the last stages of bone marrow B cell development and splenic T1 B cells, but had no effect MZ B cells. E2 increased antibody‐producing cells quantified by ELISPOT, but las or bza did not. In conclusion, las and bza differ from E2 by retaining normal number of cells at most B cell stages during B lymphopoiesis and maturation and by not increasing antibody‐producing cells.
Positive effect of IGF‐1 injection on gastrocnemius of rat during distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Feng Rui , Ma Xinlong , Ma Jianxiong , Jia Haobo , Ma Baoyi , Xu Liyan , Liu Aifeng 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTDistraction osteogenesis (DO) is used to form new bone between bone segments to lengthen the callus. Skeletal muscles frequently fail to adapt to distraction, which causes complications. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) has been implicated as a central regulator of muscle repair. We hypothesized that IGF‐1 injection could reduce muscle complications in DO. A total of 102 Sprague‐Dawley rats received DO or did not were randomly assigned into saline, IGF‐1 and normal groups. On the day before the distraction, the rats in the IGF‐1 group were injected with IGF‐1. The gastrocnemius muscles of the rats were harvested at the 0, 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th days of distraction. The weight of the muscles, cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the muscle fibers, collagen volume fraction (CVF), maximum limit load (MLL), maximum contraction forces, and gene expression of Akt, MyoD, myogenin, myostatin, and collagen I were analyzed. The results indicated that IGF‐1 injection had increased the weights, CSA of the muscle fibers, MLL and force generation of the gastrocnemius. Also, Akt, MyoD, and myogenin were upregulated, and myostatin was downregulated in the IGF‐1 group. Injection of IGF‐1 could attenuate the gastrocnemius atrophy, prevent fibrosis, increase MLL, and regulate the related mRNA. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1424–1432, 2015.
Towards centralized and semi‐automatic VLAN management
Authors: Li Fuliang , Yang Jiahai , An Changqing , Wu Jianping , Wang Xingwei 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYVirtual local area networks (VLANs) are widely used in many enterprises, campuses, and data‐centre networks. Although VLANs can restrict broadcast domains and contain hosts in one network or separate networks, the management of VLANs is an ad hoc and error‐prone work. In this paper, we design and implement a centralized and semi‐automatic system for VLAN management (CSS‐VM). Based on the physical network topology and user group (examples are engineering, student cluster, and faculty cluster) information, CSS‐VM can decide the number of VLANs that each user group would be partitioned into. In addition, CSS‐VM can not only monitor the status of devices and links but can also calculate an optimal spanning tree for each affected VLAN after a link or device failure is detected, so that it does not need to enable the Spanning Tree Protocol on devices but still has the ability of converging from device or link failures and avoiding bridging loops. We have evaluated CSS‐VM on the topology and VLAN partition data of an operational enterprise network. Our results show that CSS‐VM can obviously keep the broadcast traffic cost reasonable, efficiently partition and configure VLANs, quickly converge from link and device failures, and intelligently make a balanced use of links. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence of sleep‐disordered breathing in children with asthma and its behavioral effects
Authors: Goldstein Nira A. , Aronin Charlotte , Kantrowitz Beth , Hershcopf Ronald , Fishkin Sherry , Lee Haesoon , Weaver Diana E. , Yip Candice , Liaw Christine , Saadia Tehila A. , Abramowitz Jason , Weedon Jeremy 
Published: December 2014

SummaryObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) in children with asthma compared to non‐asthmatic children and to determine if behavior problems are associated with asthma and SDB.Study DesignCross‐Sectional.MethodsParents of 263 children with asthma and 266 controls ages 2 to 15 years attending routine pediatric office visits completed the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Child Behavior Checklist. Asthma severity was classified based on NIH guidelines.ResultsThe prevalence of snoring was significantly higher in asthmatic children (35.5%) than controls (15.7%) and the prevalence of a positive PSQ was significantly higher in asthmatic children (25.9%) than controls (10.6%) (P < 0.001 for both). The effect of asthma was “dose‐dependent“ as children with more severe asthma had increased odds ratios for snoring and a positive PSQ. On multivariate analysis, there were significant interactions of gender with asthma and age with gender. A positive modified PSQ along with measures of socioeconomic status and age were the only independent predictors of abnormal Child Behavior Checklist scores and score classifications.ConclusionsThere was a higher prevalence of SDB in asthmatic children compared to non‐asthmatic children and the prevalence of SDB increased with increasing asthma severity. In multivariate analysis the role of asthma was much less clear as it predicted a positive PSQ in girls but not boys. SDB, but not asthma, was an independent predictor of behavioral problems. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:1128–1136. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analyzing Movements Development and Evaluation of the Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality (BAS MQ)
Authors: Sundén A. , Ekdahl C. , Horstman V. , Gyllensten A. L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and PurposeLimitations in everyday movements, physical activities are/or pain are the main reasons for seeking help from a physiotherapist. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality (BAS MQ) focusing on factor structure, validity and reliability and to explore whether BAS MQ could discriminate between healthy individuals and patients. BAS MQ assesses both limitations and resources concerning functional ability and quality of movements.MethodsThe total sample in the study (n = 172) consisted of individuals with hip osteoarthritis (OA) (n = 132), individuals with psychiatric disorders (n = 33) and healthy individuals (n = 7). A factor analysis of the BAS MQ was performed for the total group. Inter‐rater reliability was tested in a group of individuals with hip OA (n = 24). Concurrent validity was tested in a group of individuals with hip OA (n = 89). The Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36), the 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and the Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) were chosen in the validation process.ResultsThe factor analysis revealed three factors that together explained 60.8% of the total variance of BAS MQ. The inter‐rater reliability was considered good or very good with a kappa value of 0.61. Significant correlations between BAS MQ and SF‐36, HOOS and 6MWT in the subjects with hip OA confirmed the validity. The BAS MQ was able to discriminate between healthy individuals and individuals with physical and psychiatric limitations.ConclusionResults of the study revealed that BAS MQ has a satisfactory factor structure. The inter‐rater reliability and validity were acceptable in a group of individuals with hip OA. BAS MQ could be a useful assessment tool for physiotherapists when evaluating the quality of everyday movements in different patient groups. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel application of t‐statistics to objectively assess the quality of IC50 fits for P‐glycoprotein and other transporters
Authors: O'Connor Michael , Lee Caroline , Ellens Harma , Bentz Joe 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCurrent USFDA and EMA guidance for drug transporter interactions is dependent on IC50 measurements as these are utilized in determining whether a clinical interaction study is warranted. It is therefore important not only to standardize transport inhibition assay systems but also to develop uniform statistical criteria with associated probability statements for generation of robust IC50 values, which can be easily adopted across the industry. The current work provides a quantitative examination of critical factors affecting the quality of IC50 fits for P‐gp inhibition through simulations of perfect data with randomly added error as commonly observed in the large data set collected by the P‐gp IC50 initiative. The types of errors simulated were (1) variability in replicate measures of transport activity; (2) transformations of error‐contaminated transport activity data prior to IC50 fitting (such as performed when determining an IC50 for inhibition of P‐gp based on efflux ratio); and (3) the lack of well defined “no inhibition” and “complete inhibition” plateaus. The effect of the algorithm used in fitting the inhibition curve (e.g., two or three parameter fits) was also investigated. These simulations provide strong quantitative support for the recommendations provided in Bentz et al. () for the determination of IC50 values for P‐gp and demonstrate the adverse effect of data transformation prior to fitting. Furthermore, the simulations validate uniform statistical criteria for robust IC50 fits in general, which can be easily implemented across the industry. A calibration of the t‐statistic is provided through calculation of confidence intervals associated with the t‐statistic.