bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moraine-dammed lake distribution and outburst flood risk in the Chinese Himalaya
Authors: Shijin Wang , Dahe Qin , Cunde Xiao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTo better understand the risk of disasters due to glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), we synthetically analyze the spatial distribution and evolution of moraine-dammed lakes and potentially dangerous glacial lakes (PDGLs) in the Chinese Himalaya. Our county-based assessment of GLOF disaster risk combines PDGL outburst hazard, regional exposure, vulnerability of exposed elements and adaptation capability (risk management) using the analytic hierarchy process. We synthetically analyze the disaster risk using the weighted comprehensive method. Remote-sensing data show there are 329 moraine-dammed lakes (>0.02 km2; total area 125.43 km2) in the Chinese Himalaya, of which 116 (total area 49.49 km2) are identified as PDGLs. The zones at highest risk of GLOF disaster are mainly located in Nyalam, Tingri, Dinggyê, Lhozhag, Kangmar and Zhongba, in the mid-eastern Himalaya. Lowest-risk zones are located in the eastern Himalaya. On the county scale, Lhozhag and Lhunze have the highest hazard degrees and exposure, while Zhongba and Zando have the highest degree of vulnerability and lowest adaptation capacity. Our regionalization results for GLOF disaster risk are consistent with the distribution of historical disaster sites across the Chinese Himalaya.
Constraints on snow accumulation and firn density in Greenland using GPS receivers
Authors: Larson Kristine M. , Wahr John , Munneke Peter Kuipers 
Published: January 2015

AbstractData from three continuously operating GPS sites located in the interior of the Greenland ice sheet are analyzed. Traditionally these kinds of GPS installations (where the GPS antenna is placed on a pole deployed into the firn) are used to estimate the local horizontal speed and direction of the ice sheet. However, these data are also sensitive to the vertical displacement of the pole as it moves through the firn layer. A new method developed to measure snow depth variations with reflected GPS signals is applied to these GPS data from Greenland. This method provides a constraint on the vertical distance between the GPS antenna and the surface snow layer. The vertical positions and snow surface heights are then used to assess output from surface accumulation and firn densification models, showing agreement better than 10% at the sites with the longest records. Comparisons between the GPS reflection method and in situ snow sensors at the Dye-2 site show good agreement, capturing the dramatic changes observed in Greenland during the 2012 summer melt season. The geocentric elevation of the snow surface can be inferred by subtracting the snow surface height estimates from the vertical position measurements. It should be possible to use those surface elevation estimates to help validate elevation results obtained from satellite altimetry.
La datation du cycle français : une approche probabiliste
Authors: Damette Olivier , Rabah Zohra 
Published: January 2015

Dating the French Business Cycle : a Probabilistic Reading
This article uses a «Markov-switching» model to date the French cycle. It reproduces in fine a satisfying periodicity which detects effectively the recessions of the French economy. Furthermore, the chronology derived by the model corresponds closely to the dates of recessions as established by «Bry-Boshan».
La redécouverte d'un buste antique sicilien en terre cuite de la collection Janzé
Authors: Colonna Cécile , Buisson Nathalie 
Published: January 2015

En 1865, le vicomte de Janzé légua à la Bibliothèque nationale de France, parmi sa riche collection d’antiques, un buste féminin en terre cuite qui, après une restauration récente, s’est révélé d’une remarquable facture. Son étude matérielle et historique permet une meilleure compréhension, à la fois de sa polychromie chatoyante et du contexte de création de ce buste caractéristique des productions hellénistiques de Sicile, que l’on peut rattacher aux ateliers de Centuripe du iii e s. av. J.-C.
Une nouvelle stèle funéraire attique, dédiée à la mémoire de Jean Marcadé
Authors: Despinis Georges 
Published: January 2015

L’auteur présente le raccord d’un fragment d’une stèle funéraire attique du Musée national archéologique d’Athènes inv. 1141 avec la stèle funéraire du Musée municipal de Laon inv. 37.1193. La nouvelle stèle Athènes-Laon, avec les noms d’Hèdistè et de Plathanè, est datée de la décennie 340-330.
Les couleurs et les ors retrouvés de la sculpture antique...
Authors: Jockey Philippe 
Published: January 2015

Jean Marcadé fut l’un des premiers archéologues à reconnaître, dès la fin des années 1940, le rôle clé de la couleur dans l’achèvement de la sculpture grecque, modelé compris. À l’occasion de l’étude des statues polychromes hellénistiques de la Maison de l’Hermès à Délos, il donnait pour la première fois à la polychromie une pleine place, mettant un terme au mythe d’une Grèce blanche. Celui-ci, qui prend ses racines dans l’Antiquité, fut théorisé par J. J. Winckelmann au xviii e s. et trouva son expression la plus radicale au xx e s., dans l’entre-deux guerres, quand les couleurs furent rejetées du côté de l’Orient et de la femme (par Ch. Maurras), le blanc étant réservé aux seuls mâles occidentaux. J. Marcadé ne cessa de revenir ensuite sur l’importance des couleurs dans la statuaire grecque, masculine comme féminine, depuis ses premières expressions archaïques jusqu’à l’époque impériale, au fil de ses publications et en dépit du manque d’intérêt de la communauté scientifique. Par une heureuse coïncidence (?), c’est dans Le Mépris (1963) de J.-L. Godard, probable lecteur de J. Marcadé, que l’on peut voir la meilleure illustration de cette colorisation allouée paritairement aux deux sexes, sur certaines des statues grecques les plus célèbres.
Le recrutement collégial
Authors: Gary-Bobo Robert , Trannoy Alain 
Published: January 2015

Nous approfondissons l’analogie entre l’université et le partenariat professionnel, mode d’organisation en vigueur dans de nombreux champs d’expertise comme le droit et l’expertise comptable. L’université serait la transcription dans un univers non marchand de ce type d’institution. Nous montrons que les principes du recrutement collégial et de la cooptation à l’université ressemblent à bien des égards à la règle selon laquelle le remplacement d’un associé, dans un partenariat, ne peut se faire qu’avec l’assentiment de tous les autres associés. Nous comparons ce mode de recrutement à d’autres possibilités comme la vente aux enchères des charges universitaires, ou le recours à des « chasseurs de têtes ». Des problèmes d’asymétrie d’information, de maintien d’un capital de réputation, de production jointe et d’effets externes dans l’activité de production universitaire permettent de montrer que le recrutement collégial n’a pas d’alternative dans cet univers non marchand. Toutefois, le fait que les universitaires n’engagent pas leurs capitaux dans l’université, contrairement aux associés dans une structure privée, contribue de manière notable à affaiblir les incitations à retenir le meilleur candidat lorsque le mode de recrutement est collégial. Après avoir élaboré des pistes de réflexion pour remédier à des faiblesses inhérentes à ce mode de recrutement, nous concluons avec l’idée qu’une présidence d’université indépendante du pouvoir proprement académique devrait constituer un rempart contre les dérives possibles de la cooptation.
La concurrence positionnelle dans l'enseignement supérieur
Authors: Menger Pierre-Michel , Marchika Colin , Hanet Danièle 
Published: January 2015

Situées dans le périmètre de l’enseignement supérieur public, les grandes écoles de commerce françaises ont quatre caractéristiques fortement distinctives : la liberté de sélectionner leurs étudiants ; le prix inhabituellement élevé des études ; la liberté de gérer le corps enseignant hors des règles de la fonction publique ; la faible dépendance à l’égard des financements publics. Ces écoles sont nettement hiérarchisées entre elles. La concurrence qu’elles se livrent au sein de l’oligopole qu’elles forment est positionnelle. Les leaders dominent en innovant dans leur technologie d’enseignement et de recherche, et leurs innovations percolent au long de la hiérarchie. Il y a plus d’inertie que de variabilité dans cette stratification et dans les classements qui en signalent les différentes dimensions. L’article en propose l’explication et permet de vérifier la pertinence du modèle qui analyse l’enseignement supérieur comme une customer-input technology .
Drosophila as a model for chromosomal instability
Authors: Liu Dawei , Shaukat Zeeshan , Hussain Rashid , Khan Mahwish , Gregory Stephen L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractChromosomal instability (CIN) is a common feature of tumours that leads to increased genetic diversity in the tumour and poor clinical outcomes. There is considerable interest in understanding how CIN comes about and how its contribution to drug resistance and metastasis might be counteracted. In the last decade a number of CIN model systems have been developed in Drosophila that offer unique benefits both in understanding the development of CIN in a live animal as well as giving the potential to do genome wide screens for therapeutic candidate genes. This review outlines the mechanisms used in several Drosophila CIN model systems and summarizes some significant outcomes and opportunities that they have produced.
Neural stem cell derived tumourigenesis
Authors: Froldi Francesca , Szuperák Milán , Cheng Louise Y. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn the developing Drosophila CNS, two pools of neural stem cells, the symmetrically dividing progenitors in the neuroepithelium (NE) and the asymmetrically dividing neuroblasts (NBs) generate the majority of the neurons that make up the adult central nervous system (CNS). The generation of a correct sized brain depends on maintaining the fine balance between neural stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, which are regulated by cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic cues. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of how self-renewal and differentiation are regulated in the two neural stem cell pools, and the consequences of the deregulation of these processes.
The Endocytosis and Signaling of the γδ T Cell Coreceptor WC1 Are Regulated by a Dileucine Motif
Authors: Hsu Haoting , Baldwin Cynthia L. , Telfer Janice C. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
WC1 proteins, which are specifically expressed by bovine γδ T cells from a gene array containing 13 members, are part of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich family. WC1 cytoplasmic domains contains multiple tyrosines, one of which is required to be phosphorylated for TCR coreceptor activity, and a dileucine endocytosis motif. Like the TCR coreceptor CD4, WC1 is endocytosed in response to PMA. Because WC1 endocytosis may play a role in the activation of γδ T cells, we examined WC1 endocytosis in the adherent cell 293T and Jurkat T cell lines using a fusion protein of extracellular CD4 and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain of WC1. Individual mutation of the two leucine residues of the endocytic dileucine motif in the WC1 cytoplasmic domain significantly reduced PMA-induced endocytosis in both cell types and enhanced IL-2 production stimulated by cocross-linking of CD3/TCR and CD4/WC1 in Jurkat cells, suggesting that the sustained membrane coligation of CD3/TCR with WC1 caused by a decrease in endocytosis increases T cell activation. Mutation of two serines upstream of the endocytic dileucine motif affected endocytosis only in adherent 293T cells. Although the two upstream serines were not required for WC1 endocytosis in Jurkat cells, the pan–protein kinase C inhibitor Gö6983 blocked endocytosis of CD4/WC1, and mutation of the upstream serines in WC1 inhibited IL-2 production stimulated by cocross-linking of CD3/TCR and CD4/WC1. These studies provide insights into the signaling of WC1 gene arrays that are present in most mammals and play critical roles in γδ T cell responses to bacterial pathogens.
Expression of Functional Sphingosine-1 Phosphate Receptor-1 Is Reduced by B Cell Receptor Signaling and Increased by Inhibition of PI3 Kinase δ but Not SYK or BTK in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Till Kathleen J. , Pettitt Andrew R. , Slupsky Joseph R. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
BCR signaling pathway inhibitors such as ibrutinib, idelalisib, and fostamatinib (respective inhibitors of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase, PI3Kδ, and spleen tyrosine kinase) represent a significant therapeutic advance in B cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). These drugs are distinctive in increasing blood lymphocytes while simultaneously shrinking enlarged lymph nodes, suggesting anatomical redistribution of CLL cells from lymph nodes into the blood. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are incompletely understood. In this study, we showed that the egress receptor, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 (S1PR1), was expressed at low levels in normal germinal centers and CLL lymph nodes in vivo but became upregulated on normal B cells and, to a variable and lesser extent, CLL cells following in vitro incubation in S1P-free medium. Spontaneous recovery of S1PR1 expression on normal B and CLL cells was prevented by BCR cross-linking, whereas treatment of CLL cells with idelalisib increased S1PR1 expression and migration toward S1P, the greatest increase occurring in cases with unmutated IgH V region genes. Intriguingly, ibrutinib and fostamatinib had no effect on S1PR1 expression or function. Conversely, chemokine-induced migration, which requires integrin activation and is essential for the entry of lymphocytes into lymph nodes as well as their retention, was blocked by ibrutinib and fostamatinib, but not idelalisib. In summary, our results suggest that different BCR signaling inhibitors redistribute CLL cells from lymph nodes into the blood through distinct mechanisms: idelalisib actively promotes egress by upregulating S1PR1, whereas fostamatinib and ibrutinib may reduce CLL cell entry and retention by suppressing chemokine-induced integrin activation.
Ndfip1 Regulates Itch Ligase Activity and Airway Inflammation via UbcH7
Authors: Kathania Mahesh , Zeng Minghui , Yadav Viveka Nand , Moghaddam Seyed Javad , Yang Baoli , Venuprasad K 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The ubiquitin-ligating enzyme (E3) Itch plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation, and Itch deficiency leads to severe airway inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Itch function is regulated remain elusive. In this study, we found that nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae induces the association of Itch with Ndfip1. Both Itch−/− and Ndfip1−/− mice exhibited severe airway inflammation in response to nontypeable Haemophilus influenza, which was associated with elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Ndfip1 enhanced Itch ligase activity and facilitated Itch-mediated Tak1 ubiquitination. Mechanistically, Ndfip1 facilitated recruitment of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) UbcH7 to Itch. The N-terminal region of Ndfip1 binds to UbcH7, whereas the PY motif binds to Itch. Hence, Ndfip1 acts as an adaptor for UbcH7 and Itch. Reconstitution of full-length Ndfip1 but not the mutants that fail to interact with either UbcH7 or Itch, restored the defect in Tak1 ubiquitination and inhibited elevated proinflammatory cytokine expression by Ndfip1−/− cells. These results provide new mechanistic insights into how Itch function is regulated during inflammatory signaling, which could be exploited therapeutically in inflammatory diseases.
Pressure injectors for radiologists: A review and what is new
Authors: Indrajit Inna K , Sivasankar Rajeev , D′Souza John , Pant Rochan , Negi Raj S , Sahu Samresh , PI Hashim 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPressure Injectors are used routinely in diagnostic and interventional radiology. Advances in medical science and technology have made it is imperative for both diagnostic as well as interventional radiologists to have a thorough understanding of the various aspects of pressure injectors. Further, as many radiologists may not be fully conversant with injections into ports, central lines and PICCs, it is important to familiarize oneself with the same. It is also important to follow stringent operating protocols during the use of pressure injectors to prevent complications such as contrast extravastion, sepsis and air embolism. This article aims to update existing knowledge base in this respect.
MR defecography for obstructed defecation syndrome
Authors: Thapar Ravikumar B , Patankar Roysuneel V , Kamat Ritesh D , Thapar Radhika R , Chemburkar Vipul 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPatients with obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) form an important subset of patients with chronic constipation. Evaluation and treatment of these patients has traditionally been difficult. Magnetic resonance defecography (MRD) is a very useful tool for the evaluation of these patients. We evaluated the scans and records of 192 consecutive patients who underwent MRD at our center between January 2011 and January 2012. Abnormal descent, rectoceles, rectorectal intussusceptions, enteroceles, and spastic perineum were observed in a large number of these patients, usually in various combinations. We discuss the technique, its advantages and limitations, and the normal findings and various pathologies.
Congenital bronchopulmonary vascular malformations, "sequestration" and beyond
Authors: Irodi Aparna , Prabhu Shailesh M , John Reetu Amrita , Leena RV 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCongenital bronchopulmonary vascular malformations (BPVMs) include a broad spectrum of disorders that involve abnormalities in the form of disruptions of normal communication and/or presence of abnormal communication between one or more of the three main systems of the lung, namely, the airways, arteries, and veins. The establishment of abnormal communications by means of small openings or anastomoses is termed as malinosculation. The aim of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the imaging appearances of the various types of pulmonary malinosculation.
Clinical, imaging and histopathological features of isolated CNS lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Authors: Patil Anil Kumar , Alexander Mathew , Nair Bijesh , Chacko Geeta , Mani Sunithi , Sudhakar Sniya 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLymphomatoid granulomatosis is a rare systemic angiocentric/angiodestructive, B cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Central nervous system involvement occurs as part of systemic disease. Isolated central nervous system disease is rare with only few case reports. A 53-year-old male presented with progressive cognitive decline, extrapyramidal features, and altered sensorium with seizures over the last 4 years. His magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain showed multiple small enhancing nodules in subependymal/ependymal regions and along the vessels. Brain biopsy showed atypical lymphohistiocytic infiltrate suggestive of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. There was no evidence of systemic disease; thus, isolated central nervous system lymphomatoid granulomatosis was diagnosed.
Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia in von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Gupta Aman , Dwivedi Abhishek , Patel Priyanka , Gupta Somya 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOsteomalacia in neurofibromatosis is a rare entity and distinct from more common dysplastic skeletal affections of this disease. As a rule, it is characterized by later onset in adulthood. There is renal phosphate loss with hypophosphatemia and multiple pseudofractures in the typical cases. The hypophosphatemic conditions that interfere in bone mineralization comprise many hereditary or acquired diseases, all of them sharing the same pathophysiological mechanism-reduction in phosphate reabsorption by the renal tubuli. This process leads to chronic hyperphosphaturia and hypophosphatemia, associated with inappropriately normal or low levels of calcitriol, causing rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
Prenatal diagnosis of body stalk complex: A rare entity and review of literature
Authors: Kocherla Keerthi , Kumari Vasantha , Kocherla Prasada 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBody stalk anomalies are a group of massively disfiguring abdominal wall defects in which the abdominal organs lie outside of the abdominal cavity in a sac of amnioperitoneum with absence of or very small umbilical cord. Various hypotheses proposed to explain the pathogenesis of limb body wall complex include early amnion disruptions, embryonic dysplasia, and vascular disruption in early pregnancy. Body stalk anomaly is an accepted fatal anomaly and, hence, its early diagnosis aids in proper management of the patient.
A rare newly described overgrowth syndrome with vascular malformations-Cloves syndrome
Authors: Gopal Balaji , Keshava Shyamkumar N , Selvaraj Deepak 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThere are many overgrowth syndromes described in the literature. Few are associated with vascular malformations. We describe a rare, newly described syndrome with features of overgrowth and vascular malformations.
Alkaptonuria, more than just a mere disease
Authors: Rana Abdul Qayyum , Saeed Usman , Abdullah Ismael 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTAlkaptonuria (AKU) is considered a rare autosomal recessive condition that results in an accumulation of homogentisic acid in body tissues and causes long-term clinical, neurological and psychological complications. We present a comprehensive evaluation of an atypical 46-year-old Caucasian male who developed all clinical diagnostic symptoms of AKU (ochronotic pigmentations, dark urine and clinical arthritis of major joints including spine) by 25 years of age, well before the typical age mentioned in many reviews. First signs of ochronotic ear pigmentations unexpectedly started appearing as early as 12 years of age. A long “disease-free” period typical in classical AKU patient was also absent. This case report highlights the importance of considering psychological issues in AKU patients. The patient showed symptoms of dysthymia reporting social isolation, diminished interest in pleasurable activities, feeling of worthlessness and irritability as major psychological issues. Early ochronotic pigmentation, advanced spinal myelopathy and arthropathy of major joints suggests aggressive course of the disease. Our patient underwent bilateral shoulder replacement due to AKU-induced arthropathy resulting in restoration of some range of motions. AKU is not fully understood and we recommend treating it as a multidimensional disease with simultaneous physiological, neurological and psychological effects. Early diagnosis, understanding of disease prognosis and emphasis on psychological health is needed to improve the quality of life of AKU patients.