bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphologic Variations in Mandibular Premolars: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Bhardwaj Anuj , Kottoor Jojo , Albequerque Denzil Valerian , Velmurugan Natanasabapathy 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAimTo report cases with morphologic variations in mandibular premolars.BackgroundMandibular premolars have earned the reputation for having aberrant anatomy. The occurrence of three canals with three separate (type V, Vertucci) foramina in mandibular premolars is very rare. In this report, three cases are presented involving the root canal treatment of mandibular premolars with three different root and canal configurations. The present report also emphasizes the use of the dental operating microscope to enhance visualization.Case descriptionCorrelation between radiographic findings, use of dental operating microscope and knowledge of aberrant anatomy helps to identify, locate and treat the aberrant anatomy of the tooth.Clinical significanceThe treatment was successful as all canals were identified and filled and also as evidenced by relief of symptoms.ConclusionSuccess is largely dependent on the use of magnification, which aided in identifying the location of the three individual root canal orifices; thus emphasizing the need to familiarize ourselves with dental microscopy, to obtain maximal anatomic information in endodontic practice.How to cite this articleBhardwaj A, Kottoor J, Albequerque DV, Velmurugan N. Morphologic Variations in Mandibular Premolars: A Report of Three Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5): 646-650.
Esthetic and Function Improvement by Direct Composite Resins and Biomimetic Concept
Authors: Paschoal Marco Aurelio , Santos-Pinto Lourdes , Nagle Mauricio , Ricci Weber Adad 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
This case report describe a resin layering restorative technique based on biomimetic concept to improve esthetics in a patient with dental defects that affected both enamel and dentin in anterior teeth.

Background
Severe structural defect in anterior teeth compromises esthetics and it is a high challenge to become the defect imperceptible after the restoration.

Case description
A clinical sequence of applying different composite resin layers allowed the reproduction of the interaction between hard dental tissues and the restorative material.

Conclusion
This technique achieved a satisfactory final esthetic outcome, preserving sound teeth structure and at same time, improved the quality of life of the young patient.

Clinical significance
The utilization of the biomimetic concept to increase a disharmonic smile with dental defects is based in a conservative approach, which reached a satisfactory and esthetic outcome.

How to cite this article
Paschoal MA, Santos-Pinto L, Nagle M, Ricci WA. Esthetic and Function Improvement by Direct Composite Resins and Biomimetic Concept. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5):654-658.
Enjoyment Takes Time: Some Implications for Choice Theory
Authors: Nisticò Sergio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe paper suggests that casting the choice problem in terms of alternative time-consuming activities can foster the fruitful cross-fertilization between economics and psychology along the lines suggested by Scitovsky in the Joyless Economy. The first part emphasizes how mainstream, utility-based choice theory has eradicated “time” from the analysis, in contrast with the seminal contribution to the subjective theory of value proposed by Gossen in 1858. The limits of Becker’s well-known approach to time-use are also analyzed. The second part opens with the presentation of an alternative approach based on activities, intended as productive processes allowing for pleasant time to be produced by consuming “direct” unpleasant time plus the “indirect” amount of unpleasant time equivalent to the market goods used up as inputs (Nisticò, Production of (Pleasant) Time by Means of (Unpleasant) Time: Some Notes on Consumption Theory and Time Use, 2014). Finally, the approach is applied to an intertemporal context by drawing on Hicks’s temporary equilibrium method. Scitovsky’s distinction between defensive and creative activities is discussed in conclusion, suggesting that individuals might refrain from engaging in more skilled, time-consuming activities because of the attractiveness of a certain, higher present-period rate of return of less skilled, goodsintensive activities.
Postcolonial Feminisms and Introducing Sociology in the Imperium
Authors: Puri Jyoti 
Published: February 2015

This article addresses the limits of teaching sociology as a Eurocentric modernist discipline in the context of the postcolonial present. Living in a transnational and globalized world makes the most basic and fundamental sociological concepts woefully delimiting, since they are ahistoricized and universalized terms rooted in a very specific modernist life-world. Words such as ‘individual,’ ‘self,’ ‘society,’ and ‘social’ are used routinely in everyday parlance as if their meanings are self-evident. This is not surprising given that scholarship and undergraduate teaching in the United States have also rendered them as generic, self-evident words without unraveling them reflectively as concepts, much like the ways in which ‘nation,’ ‘state,’ ‘gender,’ ‘race,’ ‘ethnicity,’ ‘sexuality,’ ‘citizen,’ ‘immigrant,’ ‘migrant,’ and ‘other,’ have been shown to reflect particular modern, liberal understandings. What scholarly, disciplinary and pedagogical challenges are faced when notions such as the ‘individual’ and ‘self’ are interrogated in the classroom from transnational and postcolonial perspectives? Writing from the standpoint of an immigrant feminist sociologist teaching in liberal arts colleges in northeast United States, I reflect on strategies that draw students toward a critical engagement with sociology while coming to grips with subject positions and political and cultural histories that shape such engagements.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening for high-risk cardiac patients in the emergency department
Authors: Diffenderfer Laura E. , Shah Payal , Bahl Amit 
Published: February 2015

Background: The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is 1-2 percent in the general population, and is as high as 6 percent in groups with risk factors. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of AAA amongst high-risk cardiac patients in the emergency department (ED). Methods: A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of AAA in a high-risk population presenting to the ED. Inclusion criteria included male gender, Caucasian race, age over 50 years, history of smoking, and presentation to the ED with chest pain requiring admission. Patients enrolled in the study were screened for AAA by ultrasound (US) scan. Study subjects were excluded if there was inadequate imaging. Results: One hundred and nine patients were recruited into the study. Nineteen patients were excluded by the ED US Director secondary to inadequate imaging. Of the remaining 90 patients, eight patients were found to have AAA (n = 8; 8.9%; CI 3.9 - 16.8%). Of the eight patients with an AAA, four had diagnosed cardiovascular disease during their hospital admission. There was no statistically significant difference in secondary risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia or previous history of coronary artery disease between those with AAA and those without AAA. Conclusions: This study found that in a single ED, the prevalence of AAA in high-risk cardiac patients admitted to rule out acute coronary syndrome who could be adequately visualized with ultrasound was over 8 percent. With such a high prevalence, this population could be a potential screening group.
Wordt Houdini-act een toekomstig Alcatraz?
Authors: Struijlaart Robin , Alipour Mahboebeh 
Published: February 2015

Wordt Houdini-act een toekomstig Alcatraz?
Het Gerecht vernietigt in deze uitspraak integraal het boetebesluit van de Commissie gericht aan Soliver, actief op de markt voor autoglas. Het Gerecht is van oordeel dat de Commissie onterecht heeft geconcludeerd dat Soliver, hoewel zij wel heeft deelgenomen aan enkele mededingingsverstorende gedragingen, heeft deelgenomen aan de enkele doorlopende inbreuk van het autoglaskartel. Daartoe dient (onder meer) sprake te zijn van wilsovereenstemming en een gezamenlijk plan. De algemene doelstellingen van het kartel dienen bekend te zijn bij alle karteldeelnemers. Ten aanzien van Soliver heeft de Commissie niet voldoende aangetoond dat zij met de karteldoelstellingen. bekend was.
Van A tot Z; de uitspraken van het Hof van Justitie betreffende homoseksuele asielzoekers.
Authors: Zwaan K. 
Published: February 2015

In de zaken X, Y en Z (C-199/12, C-200/12 en C- 201/12) oordeelde het Hof van Justitie op 7 november 2013 dat homoseksuelen een bijzondere sociale groep vormen, van homoseksuele asielzoekers niet kan worden verlangd dat zij discretie betrachten en dat de enkele strafbaarstelling van homoseksualiteit onvoldoende is om gegronde vrees voor vervolging aannemelijk te achten.Op 2 december 2014 beantwoordde het Hof van Justitie de vraag over de toets van de geloofwaardigheid van asielrelazen van homoseksuele asielzoekers in de zaken A, B en C (C-148/13, C-149/13 en C-150/13).Het Hof van Justitie heeft in deze uitspraak een beperkt aantal problematische onderzoeksmethodes ter vaststelling van de geloofwaardigheid van homoseksualiteit verboden. De vraag naar de rechtmatigheid van een aantal andere methodes blijft bestaan. Het Hof van Justitie laat deze toets aan de nationale rechter, en oordeelt dat bij deze toets de eerbiediging van artikel 1 EU Grondrechtenhandvest (menselijke waardigheid) richtinggevend is.HvJ 2 december 2014, gevoegde zaken C-148/13, C-149/13 en C-150/13, A, B en C, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2406HvJ 7 november 2013, gevoegde zaken C-199/12, C-200/12 en C- 201/12, X, Y en Z, ECLI:EU:C:2013:720
Advies 2/13 van het Hof van Justitie: flinke stap terug voor toetreding Europese Unie tot Europees Verdrag tot bescherming van de rechten van de mens
Authors: Van de Heyning C.J. 
Published: February 2015

In Advies 2/13 oordeelt het Hof van Justitie dat het Ontwerpakkoord aangaande de toetreding van de Europese Unie tot het EVRM niet in overeenstemming is met de Verdragen. Het Hof van Justitie meent dat het Ontwerpakkoord op elf punten in strijd is met de autonomie en eigenheid van het Unierecht (de eenheid, voorrang en effectiviteit van het Unierecht) en de positie van het Hof van Justitie als ultieme rechter over de interpretatie van het Unierecht in gevaar brengt. Dit Advies werd ontvangen als een grote verrassing. Deze annotatie bespreekt het Advies en besluit dat het Hof van Justitie hiermee de toetreding zeer moeilijk zo niet onmogelijk maakt.HvJ 18 december 2014, Advies 2/13, Advies aangaande artikel 218, paragraaf 11 VWEU, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2475, n.n.g.
Spatial fingerprint and magnitude of changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during marine isotope stage 3
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Prange Matthias , Merkel Ute , Schulz Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPronounced millennial‐scale climate variability during marine isotope stage 3 (MIS3) is considered to be linked to changes in the state of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), i.e., a warm interstadial/cold stadial state corresponds to a strong/weak AMOC. Based on a series of freshwater hosing/extraction experiments with the state‐of‐the‐art Community Climate System Model version 3, we construct a global spatial fingerprint of oceanic temperature anomalies in response to AMOC changes under MIS3 boundary conditions. Highest sensitivity to AMOC changes, especially in summer, is found in northeastern North Atlantic sea surface temperature, but a characteristic temperature fingerprint is also found at subsurface levels. After testing significance of the linear sea surface temperature (SST)‐AMOC regressions, the model results are combined with paleo‐SST records to estimate the magnitude of millennial‐scale Dansgaard‐Oeschger AMOC variations during MIS3. The results suggest a mean difference in AMOC strength between interstadial and (non‐Heinrich) stadial states of 9.2 ± 1.2 Sv (1σ).
Evolution of the lower hybrid drift instability at reconnection jet front
Authors: Divin A. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Vaivads A. , André M. , Markidis S. , Lapenta G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe investigate current‐driven modes developing at jet fronts during collisionless reconnection. Initial evolution of the reconnection is simulated using conventional 2‐D setup starting from the Harris equilibrium. Three‐dimensional PIC calculations are implemented at later stages, when fronts are fully formed. Intense currents and enhanced wave activity are generated at the fronts because of the interaction of the fast flow plasma and denser ambient current sheet plasma. The study reveals that the lower hybrid drift instability develops quickly in the 3‐D simulation. The instability produces strong localized perpendicular electric fields, which are several times larger than the convective electric field at the front, in agreement with Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms observations. The instability generates waves, which escape the front edge and propagate into the undisturbed plasma ahead of the front. The parallel electron pressure is substantially larger in the 3‐D simulation compared to that of the 2‐D. In a time , the instability forms a layer, which contains a mixture of the jet plasma and current sheet plasma. The results confirm that the lower hybrid drift instability is important for the front evolution and electron energization.
A total ozone‐dependent ozone profile climatology based on ozonesondes and Aura MLS data
Authors: Labow Gordon J. , Ziemke Jerald R. , McPeters Richard D. , Haffner David P. , Bhartia Pawan K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOzone profiles measured with the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and ozonesondes are used to create a new ozone climatology that can be used for satellite retrievals and radiative transfer studies. The climatology is binned according to total column ozone amount and latitude rather than with season. Because of high correlation between ozone profile shape and total ozone, the ozone profiles in this climatology capture ozone variations well, especially near the tropopause. This climatology has been constructed from nearly a million individual MLS ozone profile measurements taken between 2004 and 2013 as well as over 55,000 ozonesonde measurements from 1988 to 2011. The MLS profiles were sorted by total column ozone as measured by Ozone Monitoring Instrument in observations that were coincident with the MLS measurements. The data from the sondes were used in the troposphere and lower stratosphere and MLS in the middle and upper stratosphere. These two data sets were blended together between 13 and 17 km (~159–88 hPa). This climatology consists of average ozone profiles as a function of total ozone for six 30° latitude bands covering altitudes between 0 and 75 km (in Z* pressure altitude coordinates) as well as the corresponding standard deviations for each layer. There is no seasonal component. This new climatology shows some remarkable and somewhat unexpected correlations between the total column ozone and the ozone amount at some layers, particularly in the lower and middle troposphere in some latitude bands.
The effect of aerosols and sea surface temperature on China's climate in the late twentieth century from ensembles of global climate simulations
Authors: Folini D. , Wild M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOver the late twentieth century, China has seen a strong increase in aerosol emissions, whose quantitative role for observed changes in surface solar radiation (SSR), surface air temperature (SAT), and precipitation remains debated. We use ensembles of transient sensitivity experiments with the global climate model ECHAM5 from the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany, combined with the Hamburg Aerosol Module to examine the effect of aerosols and prescribed, observation‐based sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on the above variables. Observations and control experiments agree reasonably well in eastern China in terms of SSR dimming (−6 ± 2 W/m2/decade, 1960–2000; stronger than in models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, CMIP5), statistically nonsignificant summer SAT trend (1950–2005), and drying in summer from 1950 to 1990 (−2.5% to −3.5% per decade, essentially via reduction of convective precipitation). Other observed features are not reproduced by the model, e.g., precipitation increase in the 1990s in the Yangtze River valley or, from the 1960s onward, the strong winter warming in northern China and Mongolia and SSR dimming in western China. Aerosol effects are stronger for sulfur dioxide than for black and organic carbon and are more pronounced at lower model resolution. Transient SSTs are crucial for decadal‐scale SAT variability over land, especially the strong warming in the 1990s, and, via SST forced reduction of cloud cover, for the ceasing of SSR dimming around the year 2000. Unforced cloud variability leads to relevant scatter (up to ±2 W/m2/decade) of modeled SSR trends at individual observation sites.
Optical properties and CCN activity of aerosols in a high‐altitude Himalayan environment: Results from RAWEX‐GVAX
Authors: Gogoi Mukunda M. , Babu S. Suresh , Jayachandran V. , Moorthy K. Krishna , Satheesh S. K. , Naja Manish , Kotamarthi V. R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe seasonality and mutual dependence of aerosol optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity under varying meteorological conditions at the high‐altitude Nainital site (~2 km) in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains were examined using nearly year‐round measurements (June 2011 to March 2012) at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement mobile facility as part of the Regional Aerosol Warming Experiment–Ganges Valley Aerosol Experiment of the Indian Space Research Organization and the U.S. Department of Energy. The results from collocated measurements provided enhanced aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients, CCN concentrations, and total condensation nuclei concentrations during the dry autumn and winter months. The CCN concentration (at a supersaturation of 0.46) was higher during the periods of high aerosol absorption (single scattering albedo (SSA) < 0.80) than during the periods of high aerosol scattering (SSA > 0.85), indicating that the aerosol composition seasonally changes and influences the CCN activity. The monthly mean CCN activation ratio (at a supersaturation of 0.46) was highest (>0.7) in late autumn (November); this finding is attributed to the contribution of biomass‐burning aerosols to CCN formation at high supersaturation conditions.
Energetic electron injections deep into the inner magnetosphere associated with substorm activity
Authors: Turner D. L. , Claudepierre S. G. , Fennell J. F. , O'Brien T. P. , Blake J. B. , Lemon C. , Gkioulidou M. , Takahashi K. , Reeves G. D. , Thaller S. , Breneman A. , Wygant J. R. , Li W. , Runov A. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFrom a survey of the first nightside season of NASA's Van Allen Probes mission (December 2012 to September 2013), 47 energetic (tens to hundreds of keV) electron injection events were found at L shells ≤ 4, all of which are deeper than any previously reported substorm‐related injections. Preliminary details from these events are presented, including how all occurred shortly after dipolarization signatures and injections were observed at higher L shells, how the deepest observed injection was at L ~ 2.5, and, surprisingly, how L ≤ 4 injections are limited in energy to ≤250 keV. We present a detailed case study of one example event revealing that the injection of electrons down to L ~ 3.5 was different from injections observed at higher L and likely resulted from electrons interacting with a fast magnetosonic wave in the Pi2 frequency range inside the plasmasphere. These observations demonstrate that injections occur at very low L shells and may play an important role for inner zone electrons.
Urbanization causes increased cloud base height and decreased fog in coastal Southern California
Authors: Williams A. Park , Schwartz Rachel E. , Iacobellis Sam , Seager Richard , Cook Benjamin I. , Still Christopher J. , Husak Gregory , Michaelsen Joel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSubtropical marine stratus clouds regulate coastal and global climate, but future trends in these clouds are uncertain. In coastal Southern California (CSCA), interannual variations in summer stratus cloud occurrence are spatially coherent across 24 airfields and dictated by positive relationships with stability above the marine boundary layer (MBL) and MBL height. Trends, however, have been spatially variable since records began in the mid‐1900s due to differences in nighttime warming. Among CSCA airfields, differences in nighttime warming, but not daytime warming, are strongly and positively related to fraction of nearby urban cover, consistent with an urban heat island effect. Nighttime warming raises the near‐surface dew point depression, which lifts the altitude of condensation and cloud base height, thereby reducing fog frequency. Continued urban warming, rising cloud base heights, and associated effects on energy and water balance would profoundly impact ecological and human systems in highly populated and ecologically diverse CSCA.
Characterizing Elements of Urban Planning in Magna Graecia Using Geophysical Techniques: the Case of Tirena (Southern Italy)
Authors: Cella F. , Paoletti V. , Florio G. , Fedi M. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe present the results of a geophysical study at the site of Pian della Tirena, near the town of Nocera Terinese (Calabria, Italy). Geophysical imaging is a recent technique providing a reliable mapping of the three‐dimensional magnetization distribution below the ground and, thus, effectively estimating the depth of buried structures. The site studied gained archaeological interest following the hypothesis of the presence of two adjacent, but distinct, settlements. The first one of Hellenic/Hellenistic age (the Temesa of Brettian age), the second (called Tempsa) of Roman age. Even though the site was recently excavated, extensive investigation was not possible due to the broadness of the area and the scarceness of traces at the surface, making it difficult to plan a targeted survey. Two detailed geophysical (magnetic and electromagnetic) surveys were performed in 2006 and 2013 to provide the archaeologists with precise information about the type and position of the buried structures, and increase the efficiency of the investigation. The survey aimed to: (i) confirm and outline the existence of a true urban settlement instead of isolated dwellings; (ii) locate centres of manufacturing activities (local pottery and metal handicrafts); (iii) verify the existence of a boundary wall or road around the settlement. Our three‐dimensional analysis and interpretation detected several anomaly trends, most of which show a rather regular shape and orientation. This allowed us to infer the possible existence of a well‐developed urban network. The final results provided an archaeological interpretation, building upon the urban network and different use‐zones within the town. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.