bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Reduction Campaigns Do Not Necessarily Decrease Bacterial Resistance: the Example of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kardaś-Słoma Lidia , Boëlle Pierre-Yves , Opatowski Lulla , Guillemot Didier , Temime Laura 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Interventions designed to reduce antibiotic consumption are under way worldwide. While overall reductions are often achieved, their impact on the selection of antibiotic-resistant selection cannot be assessed accurately from currently available data. We developed a mathematical model of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MSSA and MRSA) transmission inside and outside the hospital. A systematic simulation study was then conducted with two objectives: to assess the impact of antibiotic class-specific changes during an antibiotic reduction period and to investigate the interactions between antibiotic prescription changes in the hospital and the community. The model reproduced the overall reduction in MRSA frequency in French intensive-care units (ICUs) with antibiotic consumption in France from 2002 to 2003 as an input. However, the change in MRSA frequency depended on which antibiotic classes changed the most, with the same overall 10% reduction in antibiotic use over 1 year leading to anywhere between a 69% decrease and a 52% increase in MRSA frequency in ICUs and anywhere between a 37% decrease and a 46% increase in the community. Furthermore, some combinations of antibiotic prescription changes in the hospital and the community could act in a synergistic or antagonistic way with regard to overall MRSA selection. This study shows that class-specific changes in antibiotic use, rather than overall reductions, need to be considered in order to properly anticipate the impact of an antibiotic reduction campaign. It also highlights the fact that optimal gains will be obtained by coordinating interventions in hospitals and in the community, since the effect of an intervention in a given setting may be strongly affected by exogenous factors.
Pleiotropic Effects of GacA on Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1
In Vitro
and in Soil
Authors: Seaton Sarah C. , Silby Mark W. , Levy Stuart B. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas
species can exhibit phenotypic variation resulting from
gacS
or
gacA
mutation.
P. fluorescens
Pf0-1 is a
gacA
mutant and exhibits pleiotropic changes following the introduction of a functional allele. GacA enhances biofilm development while reducing dissemination in soil, suggesting that alternative Gac phenotypes enable
Pseudomonas
sp. to exploit varied environments.
Identification and Characterization of a Mucilaginibacter sp. Strain QM49 β-Glucosidase and Its Use in the Production of the Pharmaceutically Active Minor Ginsenosides (
S
)-Rh
1
and (
S
)-Rg
2
Authors: Cui Chang-Hao , Liu Qing-Mei , Kim Jin-Kwang , Sung Bong-Hyun , Kim Song-Gun , Kim Sun-Chang , Im Wan-Taek 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we isolated and characterized a new ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase (BglQM) from
Mucilaginibacter
sp. strain QM49 that shows biotransformation activity for various major ginsenosides. The gene responsible for this activity,
bglQM
, consists of 2,346 bp and is predicted to encode 781 amino acid residues. This enzyme has a molecular mass of 85.6 kDa. Sequence analysis of BglQM revealed that it could be classified into glycoside hydrolase family 3. The enzyme was overexpressed in
Escherichia coli
BL21(DE3) using a maltose binding protein (MBP)-fused pMAL-c2x vector system containing the tobacco etch virus (TEV) proteolytic cleavage site. Overexpressed recombinant BglQM could efficiently transform the protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides Re and Rg
1
into (
S
)-Rg
2
and (
S
)-Rh
1
, respectively, by hydrolyzing one glucose moiety attached to the C-20 position at pH 8.0 and 30°C. The

K
m

values for
p
-nitrophenyl-β-
d
-glucopyranoside, Re, and Rg
1
were 37.0 ± 0.4 μM and 3.22 ± 0.15 and 1.48 ± 0.09 mM, respectively, and the
V
max
values were 33.4 ± 0.6 μmol min
−1
mg
−1
of protein and 19.2 ± 0.2 and 28.8 ± 0.27 nmol min
−1
mg
−1
of protein, respectively. A crude protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside mixture (PPTGM) was treated with BglQM, followed by silica column purification, to produce (
S
)-Rh
1
and (
S
)-Rg
2
at chromatographic purities of 98% ± 0.5% and 97% ± 1.2%, respectively. This is the first report of gram-scale production of (
S
)-Rh
1
and (
S
)-Rg
2
from PPTGM using a novel ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase of glycoside hydrolase family 3.
Host Association of Cryptosporidium parvum Populations Infecting Domestic Ruminants in Spain
Authors: Quílez Joaquín , Vergara-Castiblanco Claudia , Monteagudo Luis , del Cacho Emilio , Sánchez-Acedo Caridad 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

A stock of 148
Cryptosporidium parvum
DNA extracts from lambs and goat kids selected from a previous study examining the occurrence of
Cryptosporidium
species and GP60 subtypes in diarrheic lambs and goat kids in northeastern Spain was further characterized by a multilocus fragment typing approach with six mini- and microsatellite loci. Various degrees of polymorphism were seen at all but the MS5 locus, although all markers exhibited two major alleles accounting for more than 75% of isolates. A total of 56 multilocus subtypes (MLTs) from lambs (48 MLTs) and goat kids (11 MLTs) were identified. Individual isolates with mixed MLTs were detected on more than 25% of the farms, but most MLTs (33) were distinctive for individual farms, revealing the endemicity of cryptosporidial infections on sheep and goat farms. Comparison with a previous study in calves in northern Spain using the same six-locus subtyping scheme showed the presence of host-associated alleles, differences in the identity of major alleles, and very little overlap in MLTs between
C. parvum
isolates from lambs and those from calves (1 MLT) or isolates from lambs and those from goat kids (3 MLTs). The Hunter-Gaston index of the multilocus technique was 0.976 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.970 to 0.982), which supports its high discriminatory power for strain typing and epidemiological tracking. Population analyses revealed the presence of two host-associated subpopulations showing epidemic clonality among the
C. parvum
isolates infecting calves and lambs/goat kids, respectively, although evidence of genetic flow between the two subpopulations was also detected.
Indigenous Microbiota and Habitat Influence Escherichia coli Survival More than Sunlight in Simulated Aquatic Environments
Authors: Korajkic Asja , Wanjugi Pauline , Harwood Valerie J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

The reported fate of
Escherichia coli
in the environment ranges from extended persistence to rapid decline. Incomplete understanding of factors that influence survival hinders risk assessment and modeling of the fate of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and pathogens. FIB persistence in subtropical aquatic environments was explored in outdoor mesocosms inoculated with five
E. coli
strains. The manipulated environmental factors were (i) presence or absence of indigenous microbiota (attained by natural, disinfected, and cycloheximide treatments), (ii) freshwater versus seawater, and (iii) water column versus sediment matrices. When indigenous microbes were removed (disinfected),
E. coli
concentrations decreased little despite exposure to sunlight. Conversely, under conditions that included the indigenous microbiota (natural), significantly greater declines in
E. coli
occurred regardless of the habitat. The presence of indigenous microbiota and matrix significantly influenced
E. coli
decline, but their relative importance differed in freshwater versus seawater. Cycloheximide, which inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotes, significantly diminished the magnitude of
E. coli
decline in water but not in sediments. The inactivation of protozoa and bacterial competitors (disinfected) caused a greater decline in
E. coli
than cycloheximide alone in water and sediments. These results indicate that the autochthonous microbiota are an important contributor to the decline of
E. coli
in fresh and seawater subtropical systems, but their relative contribution is habitat dependent. This work advances our understanding of how interactions with autochthonous microbiota influence the fate of
E. coli
in aquatic environments and provides the framework for studies of the ecology of enteric pathogens and other allochthonous bacteria in similar environments.
Disruption of Cell-to-Cell Signaling Does Not Abolish the Antagonism of Phaeobacter gallaeciensis toward the Fish Pathogen Vibrio anguillarum in Algal Systems
Authors: Prol García M. J. , D'Alvise P. W. , Gram L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Quorum sensing (QS) regulates
Phaeobacter gallaeciensis
antagonism in broth systems; however, we demonstrate here that QS is not important for antagonism in algal cultures. QS mutants reduced
Vibrio anguillarum
to the same extent as the wild type. Consequently, a combination of probiotic
Phaeobacter
and QS inhibitors is a feasible strategy for aquaculture disease control.
HylA, an Alternative Hydrolase for Initiation of Catabolism of the Phenylurea Herbicide Linuron in Variovorax sp. Strains
Authors: Bers K. , Batisson I. , Proost P. , Wattiez R. , De Mot R. , Springael D. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTVariovoraxsp. strain WDL1, which mineralizes the phenylurea herbicide linuron, expresses a novel linuron-hydrolyzing enzyme, HylA, that converts linuron to 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA). The enzyme is distinct from the linuron hydrolase LibA enzyme recently identified in other linuron-mineralizingVariovoraxstrains and from phenylurea-hydrolyzing enzymes (PuhA, PuhB) found in Gram-positive bacteria. The dimeric enzyme belongs to a separate family of hydrolases and differs inKm, temperature optimum, and phenylurea herbicide substrate range. Within the metal-dependent amidohydrolase superfamily, HylA and PuhA/PuhB belong to two distinct protein families, while LibA is a member of the unrelated amidase signature family. ThehylAgene was identified in a draft genome sequence of strain WDL1. The involvement ofhylAin linuron degradation by strain WDL1 is inferred from its absence in spontaneous WDL1 mutants defective in linuron hydrolysis and its presence in linuron-degradingVariovoraxstrains that lacklibA. In strain WDL1, thehylAgene is combined with catabolic gene modules encoding the downstream pathways for DCA degradation, which are very similar to those present inVariovoraxsp. SRS16, which containslibA. Our results show that the expansion of a DCA catabolic pathway toward linuron degradation inVariovoraxcan involve different but isofunctional linuron hydrolysis genes encoding proteins that belong to evolutionary unrelated hydrolase families. This may be explained by divergent evolution and the independent acquisition of the corresponding genetic modules.
Detection of the Emerging Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O26:H11/H
−
Sequence Type 29 (ST29) Clone in Human Patients and Healthy Cattle in Switzerland
Authors: Zweifel Claudio , Cernela Nicole , Stephan Roger 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
O26:H11/H
−
strains showing the characteristics of the emerging human-pathogenic ST29 clone (
stx
2a
+
only,
eae
+
, plasmid gene profile
hlyA
+
etpD
+
) were detected from human patients and healthy cattle, indicating a possible reservoir. Sheep also appear to shed strains related to the new pathogenic clone O26:H11/H
−
(ST29,
stx
1a
+
only,
eae
+
, plasmid gene profile
hlyA
+
etpD
+
).
Draft Genome Sequence of Methylomicrobium buryatense Strain 5G, a Haloalkaline-Tolerant Methanotrophic Bacterium
Authors: Khmelenina Valentina N. , Beck David A. C. , Munk Christine , Davenport Karen , Daligault Hajnalka , Erkkila Tracy , Goodwin Lynne , Gu Wei , Lo Chien-Chi , Scholz Matthew , Teshima Hazuki , Xu Yan , Chain Patrick , Bringel Francoise , Vuilleumier Stéphane , DiSpirito Alan , Dunfield Peter , Jetten Mike S. M. , Klotz Martin G. , Knief Claudia , Murrell J. Colin , Op den Camp Huub J. M. , Sakai Yasuyoshi , Semrau Jeremy , Svenning Mette , Stein Lisa Y. , Trotsenko Yuri A. , Kalyuzhnaya Marina G. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Robust growth of the gammaproteobacterium
Methylomicrobium buryatense
strain 5G on methane makes it an attractive system for CH
4
-based biocatalysis. Here we present a draft genome sequence of the strain that will provide a valuable framework for metabolic engineering of the core pathways for the production of valuable chemicals from methane.
Genome Sequences of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF61_BC) Identified among Heterosexuals in China
Authors: Li Xingguang , Ning Chuanyi , He Xiang , Yang Yao , Li Fan , Xing Hui , Hong Kunxue , Yang Rongge , Shao Yiming 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
We report here the first novel HIV-1 second-generation intercirculating recombinant form 61_BC (inter-CRF61_BC), composed of two established CRFs (CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC), in China. CRF61_BC is the first CRF found among the heterosexual population in two different regions in China, suggesting the increasing significance of heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Marinobacter lipolyticus Strain SM19
Authors: Papke R. Thane , de la Haba Rafael R. , Infante-Domínguez Carmen , Pérez Dolores , Sánchez-Porro Cristina , Lapierre Pascal , Ventosa Antonio 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Marinobacter lipolyticus
strain SM19, isolated from saline soil in Spain, is a moderately halophilic bacterium belonging to the class
Gammaproteobacteria
. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain, which consists of a 4.0-Mb chromosome and which is able to produce the halophilic enzyme lipase LipBL.
Genome Sequence of a Novel H10N9 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Chickens in a Live Poultry Market in Eastern China
Authors: Su Chunhu , Chen Sujuan , Liu Xing , Xu Jing , Huang Kai , Liu Kaichun , Huang Jun , Peng Daxin , Liu Xiufan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
An H10N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) strain, A/Chicken/Jiangsu/RD5/2013, was isolated in China. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes in this strain originated from H10N1 and H7N9 AIVs, respectively, and the other genes derived from H7N3 AIVs. Sequence analysis implies that the H10N9 AIV may be an NA gene donor for the human H7N9 influenza viruses.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes Strain 06BA18369, a Human Pathogen Associated with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Northern Canada
Authors: McDonald Ryan R. , Golding George R. , Irvine James , Graham Morag R. , Tyler Shaun , Mulvey Michael R. , Levett Paul N. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the draft sequence of
Streptococcus pyogenes
06BA18369 (
emm
type 41.2, sequence type 579 [ST579]), isolated from a skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) mixed with
Staphylococcus aureus
. This genome provides insight into the genetic composition of
S. pyogenes
strains associated with mixed SSTIs.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Ascomycete
Phaeoacremonium aleophilum
Strain UCR-PA7, a Causal Agent of the Esca Disease Complex in Grapevines
Authors: Blanco-Ulate Barbara , Rolshausen Philippe , Cantu Dario 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Grapevine infections by
Phaeoacremonium aleophilum
in association with other pathogenic fungi cause complex and economically important vascular diseases. Here we present the first draft of the
P. aleophilum
genome sequence, which comprises 624 scaffolds with a total length of 47.5 Mb (L
50
, 45; N
50
, 336 kb) and 8,926 predicted protein-coding genes.
First Draft Genome Sequence from a Member of the Genus
Agrococcus
, Isolated from Modern Microbialites
Authors: White Richard Allen , Grassa Christopher J. , Suttle Curtis A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the first draft genome sequence from a member of the genus
Agrococcus
, isolated from cold thrombolytic microbialites within Pavilion Lake, British Columbia, Canada. The draft genome assembly for
Agrococcus pavilionensis
strain RW-1 has a size of 2,878,403 bp with a G+C content of 72.56%.
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus suis Serotype 16 Strain TL13
Authors: Wang Kaicheng , Yao Huochun , Lu Chengping , Chen Jiming 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report here the first complete genome sequence of
Streptococcus suis
serotype 16, which has been identified to be zoonotic. The sequenced strain TL13 was isolated from a pig in China. The genome is 2,038,146 bp in length, covering 1,950 coding sequences, 53 tRNAs, and 4 rRNA loci.
Genome Sequence of Plesiomonas shigelloides Strain 302-73 (Serotype O1)
Authors: Piqué Núria , Aquilini Eleonora , Alioto Tyler , Miñana-Galbis David , Tomás Juan M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Plesiomonas shigelloides
, the only species of the genus, is an emergent pathogenic bacterium associated with human diarrheal and extraintestinal disease. We present the whole-genome sequence analysis of the representative strain for the O1 serotype (strain 302-73), providing a tool for studying bacterial outbreaks, virulence factors, and accurate diagnostic methods.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Basidiomycetous Yeast-Like Fungus
Pseudozyma hubeiensis
SY62, Which Produces an Abundant Amount of the Biosurfactant Mannosylerythritol Lipids
Authors: Konishi Masaaki , Hatada Yuji , Horiuchi Jun-ichi 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

The basidiomycetous yeast-like fungus
Pseudozyma hubeiensis
strain SY62 is capable of producing an abundant amount of the glycolipid biosurfactant mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), which are a major component of monoacetylated MEL (MEL-C). To reveal the synthetic pathway of the MELs of strain SY62, we present the 18.44-Mb draft genome sequence.
Draft Genome Sequence of Ammonia-Producing
Acinetobacter
sp. Strain MCC2139 from Dairy Effluent
Authors: Chatterjee Debasmita , Thakur Ashoke Ranjan , RayChaudhuri Shaon 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of an ammonia-producing, esculin-hydrolyzing, catalase-positive, gram-negative bacterium,
Acinetobacter
sp. strain MCC2139. This bacterium, isolated from dairy sludge and with optimum growth at 37°C, has a genome size of 2,967,280 bp with a G+C content of 42.3%.
Genome Sequence of the Multiple-β-Lactam-Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterium
Acidovorax
sp. Strain MR-S7
Authors: Miura Takamasa , Kusada Hiroyuki , Kamagata Yoichi , Hanada Satoshi , Kimura Nobutada 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Acidovorax
sp. strain MR-S7 was isolated from activated sludge in a treatment system for wastewater containing β-lactam antibiotic pollutants. Strain MR-S7 demonstrates multidrug resistance for various types of β-lactam antibiotics at high levels of MIC. The draft genome sequence clarified that strain MR-S7 harbors unique β-lactamase genes.
Implementation of the FIFA 11+ football warm up program: How to approach and convince the Football associations to invest in prevention
Authors: Bizzini Mario , Junge Astrid , Dvorak Jiri 
Published: June 2013

In the last decade, injury prevention has received a lot of attention in sports medicine, and recently international sports-governing bodies, such as the International Olympic Committee, declared the protection of the athletes’ health as one of their major objectives.In 1994, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) established its Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) with the aim ‘to prevent football injuries and to promote football as a health-enhancing leisure activity, improving social behaviour’. Since then, FIFA has developed and evaluated its injury-prevention programmes ‘The 11’ and ‘FIFA 11+’ have demonstrated in several scientific studies how simple exercise-based programmes can decrease the incidence of injuries in amateur football players. This paper summarises 18 years of scientific and on-field work in injury prevention by an international sports federation (FIFA), from formulating the aim to make its sport safer to the worldwide dissemination of its injury-prevention programme in amateur football.
Resilient actions in the diagnostic process and system performance
Authors: Smith Michael W , Davis Giardina Traber , Murphy Daniel R , Laxmisan Archana , Singh Hardeep 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesSystemic issues can adversely affect the diagnostic process. Many system-related barriers can be masked by ‘resilient’ actions of frontline providers (ie, actions supporting the safe delivery of care in the presence of pressures that the system cannot readily adapt to). We explored system barriers and resilient actions of primary care providers (PCPs) in the diagnostic evaluation of cancer.MethodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis of interviews of PCPs involved in diagnostic evaluation of 29 lung and colorectal cancer cases. Cases covered a range of diagnostic timeliness and were analysed to identify barriers for rapid diagnostic evaluation, and PCPs’ actions involving elements of resilience addressing those barriers. We rated these actions according to whether they were usual or extraordinary for typical PCP work.ResultsResilient actions and associated barriers were found in 59% of the cases, in all ranges of timeliness, with 40% involving actions rated as beyond typical. Most of the barriers were related to access to specialty services and coordination with patients. Many of the resilient actions involved using additional communication channels to solicit cooperation from other participants in the diagnostic process.DiscussionDiagnostic evaluation of cancer involves several resilient actions by PCPs targeted at system deficiencies. PCPs’ actions can sometimes mitigate system barriers to diagnosis, and thereby impact the sensitivity of ‘downstream’ measures (eg, delays) in detecting barriers. While resilient actions might enable providers to mitigate system deficiencies in the short run, they can be resource intensive and potentially unsustainable. They complement, rather than substitute for, structural remedies to improve system performance. Measures to detect and fix system performance issues targeted by these resilient actions could facilitate diagnostic safety.
The place of death of patients with cancer in Kuwait
Authors: Alshemmari Salem H , Elbasmi Amani A , Alsirafy Samy A 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe place of death (PoD) has a significant effect on end-of-life care for patients dying of cancer. Little is known about the place of cancer deaths in our region.MethodsTo identify the PoD of patients with cancer in Kuwait, we reviewed the death certificates submitted to the Kuwait Cancer Registry in 2009.ResultsOf 611 cancer deaths, 603 (98.7%) died in hospitals and only 6 (1%) patients died at home. More than half (57.3%) of inhospital deaths were in the Kuwait Cancer Control Center. Among those for whom the exact PoD within the hospital was identified (484 patients), 116 (24%) patients died in intensive care units and 12 (2.5%) patients died in emergency rooms.ConclusionsThis almost exclusive inhospital death of patients with cancer in Kuwait is the highest ever reported. Research is needed to identify the reasons behind this pattern of PoD and to explore interventions promoting out-of-hospital death among terminally ill cancer patients in Kuwait.