bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes of death in long‐term survivors of head and neck cancer
Authors: Baxi Shrujal S. , Pinheiro Laura C. , Patil Sujata M. , Pfister David G. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Elkin Elena B. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDSurvivors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) face excess mortality from multiple causes.METHODSWe used the population‐based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry data to evaluate the causes of death in patients with nonmetastatic HNSCC diagnosed between 1992 and 2005 who survived at least 3 years from diagnosis (long‐term survivors). We used competing‐risks proportional hazards regression to estimate probabilities of death from causes: HNSCC, second primary malignancy (SPM) excluding HNSCC, cardiovascular disease, and other causes.RESULTSWe identified 35,958 three‐year survivors of HNSCC with a median age at diagnosis of 60 years (range = 18‐100 years) and a median follow‐up of 7.7 years (range = 3‐18 years). There were 13,120 deaths during the study period. Death from any cause at 5 and 10 years was 15.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]  = 15.0%‐15.8%) and 41.0% (95% CI = 40.4%‐41.6%), respectively. There were 3852 HNSCC deaths including both primary and subsequent head and neck tumors. The risk of death from HNSCC was greater in patients with nasopharynx or hypopharynx cancer and in patients with locally advanced disease. SPM was the leading cause of non‐HNSCC death, and the most common sites of SPM death were lung (53%), esophagus (10%), and colorectal (5%) cancer.CONCLUSIONSMany long‐term HNSCC survivors die from cancers other than HNSCC and from noncancer causes. Routine follow‐up care for HNSCC survivors should expand beyond surveillance for recurrent and new head and neck cancers. Cancer 2014;120:1507–1513. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Lack of reduction in racial disparities in cancer‐specific mortality over a 20‐year period
Authors: Aizer Ayal A. , Wilhite Tyler J. , Chen Ming‐Hui , Graham Powell L. , Choueiri Toni K. , Hoffman Karen E. , Martin Neil E. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Hu Jim C. , Nguyen Paul L. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, it remains unknown whether race‐based differences in cancer outcomes have changed with time. In the current study, the authors assessed whether racial disparities in cancer‐specific mortality have improved over the last 20 years.METHODSThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program was used to identify 2,713,474 patients diagnosed between 1988 and 2007 with either lung, breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer (the leading 3 causes of cancer‐related mortality among each sex). After exclusions, 1,001,978 patients remained eligible for analysis. The impact of race on cancer‐specific mortality was assessed using the regression model of Fine and Gray; an interaction model evaluated trends over time.RESULTSAfrican Americans presented with a more advanced stage of disease (P < .001) and underwent definitive therapy less often (P < .001) than whites. After adjustment for demographics and year of diagnosis, African Americans were found to have higher estimates of cancer‐specific mortality than whites for all cancers combined (hazards ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.26‐1.30 [P < .001]) and within each individual cancer (each P < .05). These differences did not change significantly between 1988 through 1997 and 1998 through 2007, except among patients with breast cancer, in whom survival disparities increased. These findings remained significant after adjustment for stage of disease at presentation and receipt of definitive therapy (hazards ratio for breast cancer mortality in African Americans vs whites: 1.37 from 1988‐1997 and 1.53 from 1998‐2007; P for interaction, < .001).CONCLUSIONSThe survival gap for African Americans has not closed over time. Race‐based differences in outcome persist independent of stage of disease and treatment, suggesting that additional strategies beyond screening and improving access to care, such as further research into tumor biologies disproportionately affecting African Americans, are needed to improve survival for African American patients with cancer. Cancer 2014;120:1532–1539. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Impact of timing and setting of palliative care referral on quality of end‐of‐life care in cancer patients
Authors: Hui David , Kim Sun Hyun , Roquemore Joyce , Dev Rony , Chisholm Gary , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDLimited data are available on how the timing and setting of palliative care (PC) referral can affect end‐of‐life care. In this retrospective cohort study, the authors examined how the timing and setting of PC referral were associated with the quality of end‐of‐life care.METHODSAll adult patients residing in the Houston area who died of advanced cancer between September 1, 2009 and February 28, 2010 and had a PC consultation were included. Data were retrieved on PC referral and quality of end‐of‐life care indicators.RESULTSAmong 366 decedents, 120 (33%) had an early PC referral (>3 months before death), and 169 (46%) were first seen as outpatients. Earlier PC referral was associated with fewer emergency room visits (39% vs 68%; P < .001), fewer hospitalizations (48% vs 81%; P < .003), and fewer hospital deaths (17% vs 31%; P = .004) in the last 30 days of life. Similarly, outpatient PC referral was associated with fewer emergency room visits (48% vs 68%; P < .001), fewer hospital admissions (52% vs 86%; P < .001), fewer hospital deaths (18% vs 34%; P = .001), and fewer intensive care unit admissions (4% vs 14%; P = .001). In multivariate analysis, outpatient PC referral (odds ratio [OR], 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28‐0.66; P < .001) was independently associated with less aggressive end‐of‐life care. Men (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.06‐2.50; P = .03) and hematologic malignancies (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.18‐5.59; P = .02) were associated with more aggressive end‐of‐life care.CONCLUSIONSPatients who were referred to outpatient PC had improved end‐of‐life care compared with those who received inpatient PC. The current findings support the need to increase the availability of PC clinics and to streamline the process of early referral. Cancer 2014;120:1743–1749. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Systematic comparison of adeno‐associated virus and biotinylated dextran amine reveals equivalent sensitivity between tracers and novel projection targets in the mouse brain
Authors: Wang Quanxin , Henry Alex M. , Harris Julie A. , Oh Seung Wook , Joines Kevin M. , Nyhus Julie , Hirokawa Karla E. , Dee Nick , Mortrud Marty , Parry Sheana , Ouellette Benjamin , Caldejon Shiella , Bernard Amy , Jones Allan R. , Zeng Hongkui , Hohmann John G. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAs an anterograde neuronal tracer, recombinant adeno‐associated virus (AAV) has distinct advantages over the widely used biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). However, the sensitivity and selectivity of AAV remain uncharacterized for many brain regions and species. To validate this tracing method further, AAV (serotype 1) was systematically compared with BDA as an anterograde tracer by injecting both tracers into three cortical and 15 subcortical regions in C57BL/6J mice. Identical parameters were used for our sequential iontophoretic injections, producing injections of AAV that were more robust in size and in density of neurons infected compared with those of BDA. However, these differences did not preclude further comparison between the tracers, because the pairs of injections were suitably colocalized and contained some percentage of double‐labeled neurons. A qualitative analysis of projection patterns showed that the two tracers behave very similarly when injection sites are well matched. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of relative projection intensity for cases targeting primary motor cortex (MOp), primary somatosensory cortex (SSp), and caudoputamen (CP) showed strong agreement in the ranked order of projection intensities between the two tracers. A detailed analysis of the projections of two brain regions (SSp and MOp) revealed many targets that have not previously been described in the mouse or rat. Minor retrograde labeling of neurons was observed in all cases examined, for both AAV and BDA. Our results show that AAV has actions equivalent to those of BDA as an anterograde tracer and is suitable for analysis of neural circuitry throughout the mouse brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1989–2012, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ab Initio Study of the Adsorption of CO2 on Functionalized Benzenes
Authors: Frysali Maria G. , Klontzas Emmanuel , Froudakis George. E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe interaction of carbon dioxide with a series of functionalized aromatic molecules was studied by using quantum mechanical methods (MP2), to examine the effect of the substituent on the adsorption of CO2. Several different initial configurations of CO2 were taken into account for each functionalized benzene to locate the energetically most favorable configuration. To get a better estimation of the binding energies, we applied an extrapolation scheme to approach the complete basis set. CH2N3‐, COOH‐, and SO3H‐functionalized benzenes were found to have the strongest interaction with CO2, and the corresponding binding energies were calculated to be −3.62, −3.65, and −4.3 kcal mol−1, respectively. Electrostatic potential maps of the functionalized benzenes and electron redistribution density plots of the complexes were also created to get a better insight into the nature of the interaction of CO2 with the functionalized benzenes. The functional groups that were examined can be potentially incorporated in organic bridging molecules that connect the inorganic corners in MOF.
The Strained Sesquiterpene β‐Caryophyllene as a Probe for the Solvent‐Assisted Epoxidation Mechanism
Authors: Steenackers Bart , Neirinckx Alexander , De Cooman Luc , Hermans Ive , De Vos Dirk 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn our attempt to synthesize β‐caryophyllene oxide in food‐compatible conditions, we observed the uncatalyzed and highly selective epoxidation of β‐caryophyllene, a strained bicyclic sesquiterpene, in ethanol with aqueous H2O2 under radical‐suppressing conditions without the addition of a catalyst. The unusual reactivity of β‐caryophyllene allowed us to use it as a probe for the mechanism of the solvent‐assisted epoxidation in a wide range of organic solvents. A kinetic study was performed to investigate the epoxidation mechanism; an excellent correlation was found between the observed epoxidation rates in different solvents and the Abraham’s hydrogen bond formation parameters of these solvents. By means of computational analysis, it was found that the main role of the solvent consists of the stabilization of the elongated OO bond of H2O2 in the transition state through hydrogen‐bond donation to the leaving OH moiety of H2O2. α‐Humulene was found to possess similar reactivity as β‐caryophyllene whereas isocaryophyllene—the unstrained isomer of β‐caryophyllene—was unreactive.
Synthesis of Liquid Crystal Silane‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles and Their Effects on the Optical and Electro‐Optic Properties of a Structurally Related Nematic Liquid Crystal
Authors: Mirzaei Javad , Urbanski Martin , Kitzerow Heinz‐S. , Hegmann Torsten 
Published: February 2014

AbstractChemically and thermally robust liquid crystal silane‐functionalized gold nanoparticles (i.e. AuNP1–AuNP3) were synthesized through silane conjugation. Colloidal dispersions of these particles with mesogenic ligands that are structurally identical (as in AuNP1, AuNP2) or compatible (as in AuNP3) with molecules of the nematic liquid crystal (N‐LC) host showed superior colloidal stability and dispersibility. The thermal, optical, and electro‐optic behaviors of the N‐LC composites at different concentrations of each gold nanoparticle were investigated. All dispersions showed lower values for the rotational viscosity and elastic constant, but only AuNP3 with a dissimilar structure between the nanoparticle ligand and the host displayed the most drastic thermal effects and overall strongest impact on the electro‐optic properties of the host. The observed results were explained considering both the structure and the density of the surface ligands of each gold nanoparticle.
Lamellar Lα Mesophases Doped with Inorganic Nanoparticles
Authors: Constantin Doru , Davidson Patrick 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe development of nanostructured hybrid systems is a flourishing area of research, which brings together chemistry, physics and materials science. These systems are composed of nanoparticles with interesting properties (e.g. optical, magnetic, catalytic) dispersed within an organic matrix. Control of both the position and orientation of the particles in a precise and reproducible way is an important goal. Towards this goal, the use of lyotropic liquid crystals as host phases is a promising strategy that has prompted sustained experimental work over the last decade. Here we briefly review this field, with an emphasis on the structure and the physical characterization of these novel materials.
OH⋅⋅⋅N and CH⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen Bonds Control Hydration of Pivotal Tropane Alkaloids: Tropinone⋅⋅⋅H2O Complex
Authors: Écija Patricia , Vallejo‐López Montserrat , Evangelisti Luca , Fernández José A. , Lesarri Alberto , Caminati Walther , Cocinero Emilio J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe effect of monohydration in equatorial/axial isomerism of the common motif of tropane alkaloids is investigated in a supersonic expansion by using Fourier‐transform microwave spectroscopy. The rotational spectrum reveals the equatorial isomer as the dominant species in the tropinone⋅⋅⋅H2O complex. The monohydrated complex is stabilized primarily by a moderate OH⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bond. In addition, two CH⋅⋅⋅O weak hydrogen bonds also support this structure, blocking the water molecule and avoiding any molecular dynamics in the complex. The water molecule acts as proton donor and chooses the ternary amine group over the carbonyl group as a proton acceptor. The experimental work is supported by theoretical calculations; the accuracy of the B3LYP, M06‐2X, and MP2 methods is also discussed.
Anion⋅⋅⋅Si Interactions in an Inverse Sandwich Complex: A Computational Study
Authors: Robertazzi Arturo , Platts James A. , Gamez Patrick 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCombination of an electron‐rich molecule (e.g. chloride anion or nitrile group) with a chlorinated cyclohexasilane ring produces a supramolecular inverse sandwich complex formed by two guests (Cl− or RC≡N) strongly bonded to both faces of a planar host (Si6 ring). In‐depth theoretical studies were carried out to investigate the nature of the bonding interactions that generate such a stable complex. Second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) calculations confirmed that the presence of the Cl substituents is fundamental to the stability of the supramolecular assemblies. The density functional theory (DFT) functional wB97XD gave an estimation of the contribution of dispersion interactions to the binding energy. These interactions become more important as the Cl atoms of the rings are systematically replaced by methyl groups or hydrogen atoms. Analysis of the topology of the electron density and the reduced density gradient gave insight into the binding of the studied supramolecular assemblies.
Characterisation of Complex Electrode Processes using Simultaneous Impedance Spectroscopy and Electrochemical Nanogravimetric Measurements
Authors: Berkes Balázs B. , Huang Minghua , Henry John B. , Kokoschka Malte , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe methodology and illustrative examples of application are presented for a technique that simultaneously combines electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and nanogravimetric measurements; the latter are implemented using a so‐called electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance (EQCN). The combination of EIS and EQCN provides a powerful method for the characterisation of many complex processes at electrochemical interfaces. This method gives in one relatively simple experiment more detailed information than is available from conventional electrochemical techniques. The combined measurements can be performed either as a function of time, at a constant electrode potential, or under potentiodynamic conditions, as a function of the electrode potential. Herein, we show how this can be applied to enable more accurate investigation of processes that occur at boundaries between electrodes and electrolytes. The application examples range from eletrocatalysis, in which evaluation of a catalyst is performed simultaneously with its formation, and the intercalation and electrodeposition of thin metal films to in situ characterisation of non‐electroactive self‐assembled monolayers during their formation.
Heterodoped nanoflakes: synthesis and characterization of sulfur‐doped NbSe2 nanoflakes
Authors: Chen Shuai , Li Hongping , Tang Hua , Zhang Yi , Yang Jin , Ji Xiao Rui , Chen Lin , Zhang Kun , Li Changsheng 
Published: February 2014

Doping of NbSe2 with heteroatoms is an effective way to tailor its properties. Here, solid phase synthesis process has been utilized for growing uniform and excellent crystalline nano‐NbSe2 by sulfur dopant during the growing process. The sulfur‐doped mechanism of nano‐NbS2xSe2(1‐x)(x = 0.03∼0.2) has been investigated: the sulfur atoms not only replace the Se position but also intercalate in layer gap by one‐step reaction. In the structure of NbSe2, the sulfur atoms replace the positions of Se atoms and then are located in the empty octahedral positions of van der waals gap between the NbSe2 layers with the increase of sulfur content. The lubrication properties of the as‐prepared NbSe2 and sulfur‐doped NbSe2 powders as additives in HVI1500 base oil were discussed. The lubrication properties of base oil was improved by both NbSe2 and sulfur‐doped NbSe2. Furthermore, the lubrication properties of sulfur‐doped (0.1at%) NbSe2 are better than those of pure NbSe2 in HVI1500 base oil, which could be attributed to their thin laminated structure and the sulfur dopant.
Role of Additives in Formation of Solid–Electrolyte Interfaces on Carbon Electrodes and their Effect on High‐Voltage Stability
Authors: Qu Weiguo , Dorjpalam Enkhtuvshin , Rajagopalan Ramakrishnan , Randall Clive A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe in situ modification of a lithium hexafluorophosphate‐based electrolyte using a molybdenum oxide catalyst and small amount of water (1 vol %) yields hydrolysis products such as mono‐, di‐, and alkylfluorophosphates. The electrochemical stability of ultrahigh‐purity, high‐surface‐area carbon electrodes derived from polyfurfuryl alcohol was tested using the modified electrolyte. Favorable modification of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on the activated carbon electrode increased the cyclable electrochemical voltage window (4.8–1.2 V vs. Li/Li+). The chemical modification of the SEI layer induced by electrolyte additives was characterized by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Sitting infants alter the magnitude and structure of postural sway when performing a manual goal‐directed task
Authors: Claxton Laura J. , Strasser Jennifer M. , Leung Elise J. , Ryu Joong Hyun , O'Brien Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn typical daily life, adults routinely adapt posture so that balance can be maintained while other goal‐directed activities are performed. Interestingly, newly standing infants also control posture based on the demands of a task. It is unknown if the ability to properly adapt postural movements as a goal‐directed task is performed emerges soon after the acquisition of independent stance or if it is present at earlier key postural milestones, such as independent sitting. In this study, the postural sway patterns of independently sitting infants were compared while either holding or not holding a toy. Infants exhibited less postural sway when holding the toy. This reduction in sway allowed infants to look at and stabilize the toy in their hand. Thus, the ability to adjust postural movements while performing a concurrent goal‐directed task emerges long before the acquisition of independent stance. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1416–1422, 2014.
Applications of hidden hybrid Markov/semi‐Markov models: from stopover duration to breeding success dynamics
Authors: Choquet Rémi , Béchet Arnaud , Guédon Yann 
Published: February 2014

AbstractUsually in capture–recapture, a model parameter is time or time since first capture dependent. However, the case where the probability of staying in one state depends on the time spent in that particular state is not rare. Hidden Markov models are not appropriate to manage these situations. A more convenient approach would be to consider models that incorporate semi‐Markovian states which explicitly define the waiting time distribution and have been used in previous biologic studies as a convenient framework for modeling the time spent in a given physiological state. Here, we propose hidden Markovian models that combine several nonhomogeneous Markovian states with one semi‐Markovian state and which (i) are well adapted to imperfect and variable detection and (ii) allow us to consider time, time since first capture, and time spent in one state effects. Implementation details depending on the number of semi‐Markovian states are discussed. From a user's perspective, the present approach enhances the toolbox for analyzing capture–recapture data. We then show the potential of this framework by means of two ecological examples: (i) stopover duration and (ii) breeding success dynamics.
Phytoplankton chlorophyte structure as related to ENSO events in a saline lowland river (Salado River, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: Solari Lía C. , Gabellone Néstor A. , Claps María C. , Casco María A. , Quaíni Karina P. , Neschuk Nancy C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe analyzed the phytoplankton present in the lower sector of the Salado River (Buenos Aires, Argentina) for 10 years (1995–2005) and detected significant changes occurring in chlorophyte abundance and species richness during La Niña event (1998–1999), which period was analyzed throughout the entire basin (main stream and tributaries). We compared the physicochemical and biologic variables between two El Niño–La Niña–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) periods – El Niño (March 1997–January 1998) and La Niña (May 1998–May 1999) – to identify possible indicators of a relationship between climatic anomalies and chlorophyte performance. Chlorophyte density increased during the La Niña. Under normal or extreme hydrologic conditions, mobile (Chlamydomonas spp.) and nonmobile (Monoraphidium spp.) chlorophytes codominated. These species belonged to Reynolds's functional groups X1 and X2, those typical of nutrient‐enriched environments. Comparative analyses between El Niño and La Niña periods indicated significant differences in physicochemical (K+, dissolved polyphenols, particulate reactive phosphorus, alkalinity, pH) and biologic (species diversity and richness, phytoplankton and chlorophyte total densities) variables between the two periods at all basin sites. During the La Niña condition, species richness was greater owing to interconnected shallow lakes and drainage‐channel inputs, while the Shannon diversity index was lower because of the high abundance values of Monoraphidium minutum. A detailed analysis of the chlorophytes in the entire basin, indicated that changes in density and species dominance occurred on a regional scale although diverse chlorophyte assemblages were identified in the different sectors of the Salado River basin. After La Niña event, the entire basin had the potential to revert to the previous density values, showing the resilience to global environmental changes and the ability to reestablish the general conditions of stability.