bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ASEAN investment area, other FDI initiatives, and intra‐ASEAN foreign direct investment
Authors: Masron Tajul Ariffin , Yusop Zulkornain 
Published: November 2012

The idea of establishing ASEAN as a single market and production base that will make ASEAN a dynamic and competitive location requires, among others, the free flow of investment. As part of the effort to promote regional investment, particularly intra‐ASEAN investment, several schemes have been implemented such as the 1998 Framework Agreement on the ASEAN Investment Area (AIA). This study investigated the impact of the AIA and other foreign direct investment (FDI) initiatives on intra‐ASEAN FDI.The findings on the impact of the AIA, measured via several proxies, do not provide strong evidence of benefits from the AIA, or from other investment‐promoting initiatives. With equal treatment given to non‐ASEAN investors, ASEAN members may have to provide separate incentives to enhance local entrepreneurs' competitiveness, which should in the long run be translated into higher FDI from ASEAN—either to other ASEAN members or to non‐ASEAN countries. Overall, the results do not argue wholly against the idea of the AIA, given that some of the AIA proxies have a significant impact. Moreover, it is early days yet, and a larger impact may come with time.
Cameron and Liberal Conservatism: Attitudes within the Parliamentary Conservative Party and Conservative Ministers
Authors: Heppell Timothy 
Published: November 2012

Research Highlights and Abstract This article: Contributes to the development of academic research on the internal dynamics of the Conservative Party under the leadership of David Cameron. Contributes to the development of academic research on the processes of ministerial selection within British Government. Contributes to the development of academic research on cohort effects within parties, and the analysis of comparisons and differences between different parliamentary cohorts. Contributes to the development of academic research on the constraints upon Prime Ministerial power when in coalition. This article identifies the ideological composition of the parliamentary Conservative party (PCP) in order to determine the location and numeric strength of the critics of Cameron. By constructing a data set of attitudes across two ideological divides—the social, sexual and morality divide and the European divide—the article identifies the following. First, despite Cameron's social liberal emphasis both the PCP and his ministerial team is predominantly Thatcherite—i.e. socially conservative. Second, despite numerically having a Eurosceptic PCP and ministerial team, with Europhilia now an inconsequential rump, Cameron faces a minority ‘hard’ Eurosceptic faction of rebels who oppose his ‘soft’ Euroscepticism. Third, the influx of new parliamentarians elected in 2010 may increase social liberal strength, but they are overwhelmingly Eurosceptic, with a significant tranche of hard Eurosceptics amongst them. Finally, through a process of ideological mapping of these two ideological divides the research identifies a core of 50 socially conservative and hard Eurosceptics who are the critics of Cameron.
The Indian nation and selective amnesia: representing conflicts and violence in Indian history textbooks
Authors: Guichard Sylvie 
Published: November 2012

Abstract‘Unity is always obtained by means of brutality’ wrote Ernest Renan. Following this idea, this article investigates how social conflicts and violence are included or muted in national history. This is done by comparing the successive series of history textbooks used in India in the postindependence period. The historical narratives contained in the textbooks were influenced by different conceptions of the Indian nation, and these variations allow us to observe and better understand what is remembered or forgotten in the national narrative. We will see that conflicts and violence are referred to when they involve the nation against its ‘other’ but depictions of conflicts within the nation as it is imagined are avoided. Thus, certain violent episodes of the past find a place in the national historical narrative, yet violence in itself is never described.
Comparison of Peritoneal Fluid Values after Laparoscopic Cryptorchidectomy using a Vessel‐Sealing Device (Ligasure™) Versus a Ligating Loop and Removal of the Descended Testis
Authors: Seabaugh Kathryn A. , Goodrich Laurie R. , Morley Paul S. , Bohn Andrea , Rao Sangeeta , Hendrickson Dean A. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of unilateral laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy and removal of the descended testis on peritoneal fluid values, and to compare effect between 2 methods for cryptorchid testis vessel hemostasis.Study DesignRandomized clinical study.AnimalsStallions (n = 10) with unilateral abdominal cryptorchid testis.MethodsDuring standing laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy, blood vessels within the mesorchium of the cryptorchid testis were either sealed and transected with the LigaSure Atlas™ or 2 ligating loops were placed proximal to the testis and the tissue transected with laparoscopic scissors. The testis was removed through the body wall. After laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy, stallions were anesthetized and the descended testis was removed using a closed technique leaving the scrotal incision open. Abdominocenteses were performed before surgery, and 24, and 72 hours after surgery.ResultsValues for peritoneal total nucleated cell count (TNCC), total protein concentration (TP), and red blood cell count (RBCC) were all elevated at 24 and 72 hours when compared with baseline. Median TNCC for LigaSure™ (59,780 cells/μL) was nearly twice that of the ligating loop (32,880 cells/μL) at 24 hours postoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference in TNCC, TP, or RBCC between groups.ConclusionsTNCC, TP, and RBCC increase appreciably from baseline 24 hours after laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy and closed castration but are markedly reduced by 72 hours.
A real options model to assess the role of flexibility in forestry and agroforestry adoption and disadoption in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley
Authors: Frey Gregory E. , Mercer D. Evan , Cubbage Frederick W. , Abt Robert C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEfforts to restore the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley's forests have not achieved desired levels of ecosystem services production. We examined how the variability of returns and the flexibility to change or postpone decisions (option value) affects the economic potential of forestry and agroforestry systems to keep private land in production while still providing ecosystem services. A real options analysis examined the impact of flexibility in decision making under agriculture, forestry, and agroforestry and demonstrated that adoption of forestry or agroforestry systems is less feasible than would be predicted by deterministic capital budgeting models.
Sustainability of market‐based community distribution of Sprinkles in western Kenya
Authors: Suchdev Parminder S. , Shah Ami , Jefferds Maria Elena D. , Eleveld Alie , Patel Minal , Stein Aryeh D. , Macdonald Barbara , Ruth Laird 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTo evaluate the sustainability of market‐based community distribution of micronutrient powders (Sprinkles®, Hexagon Nutrition, Mumbai, India.) among pre‐school children in Kenya, we conducted in August 2010 a follow‐up survey, 18 months after study‐related marketing and household monitoring ended. We surveyed 849 children aged 6–35 months randomly selected from 60 study villages. Nutritional biomarkers were measured by fingerstick; demographic characteristics, Sprinkles purchases and use were assessed through household questionnaires. We compared Sprinkles use, marketing efforts and biomarker levels with the data from surveys conducted in March 2007, March 2008 and March 2009. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations between marketing activities and Sprinkles use in the 2010 survey. At the 2010 follow‐up, 21.9% of children used Sprinkles in the previous 7 days, compared with 64.9% in 2008 (P < 0.001). Average intake was 3.2 sachets week−1 in 2008, 1.6 sachets week−1 in 2009 and 1.1 sachets week−1 in 2010 (P < 0.001). Factors associated with recent Sprinkles use in 2010 included young age [6–23 months vs. 24–35 months, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.5, P = 0.02], lowest 2 quintiles of socio‐economic status (aOR = 1.7, P = 0.004), household attendance at trainings or launches (aOR = 2.8, P < 0.001) and ever receiving promotional items including free Sprinkles, calendars, cups and t‐shirts (aOR = 1.7, P = 0.04). In 2010, there was increased prevalence of anaemia and malaria (P < 0.001), but not iron deficiency (P = 0.44), compared with that in 2008. Sprinkles use in 2010 was associated with decreased iron deficiency (P = 0.03). Sprinkles coverage reduced after stopping household monitoring and reducing marketing activities. Continued promotion and monitoring of Sprinkles usage may be important components to sustain the programme.
Waiting times for Aged Care Packages: The need to know
Authors: Griffiths Maria , Russell Robyn , Brunker Gillian , Boccalatte Margaret , Goldstraw Paul 
Published: November 2012

AimTo establish local waiting times for access to Aged Care Packages (ACPs). ACPs are federally funded and designed to support older people to remain independent in their own homes for as long as possible. Access to an ACP is via the Aged Care Assessment Services (ACAS) process. Initial investigations suggested that significant waiting times existed locally.MethodsAnalysis of ACAS data was undertaken retrospectively and prospectively to identify type of ACP and date of approval. Date of provision was obtained from ACP providers.ResultsTwo hundred and eighty‐five ACPs were approved, but only 35 were provided. At up to 12 months after approval, 88% of the cohort were still waiting to receive an appropriate package.ConclusionLong waiting times exist, which has implications both for the individual and the care/health sectors. It is suggested that monitoring waiting times should be a requirement for the future.
Standard Operating Procedures for Vascular Surgery in Erectile Dysfunction: Revascularization and Venous Procedures
Authors: Sohn Michael , Hatzinger Martin , Goldstein Irwin , Krishnamurti Sudhakar 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The impact of penile blood supply on erectile function was recognized some 500 years ago. At the turn of the 20th century first results of penile venous ligation were published and in 1973 the first surgical attempts to restore penile arterial inflow were undertaken. Numerous techniques were published in the meantime, but inclusion criteria, patient selection, and success evaluation differed extremely between study groups.

Aim
To develop evidence-based standard operating procedures (SOPs) for vascular surgery in erectile dysfunction, based on recent state of the art consensus reports and recently published articles in peer-reviewed journals.

Methods
Based on the recent publication of the consensus process during the 2009 International Consultation on Sexual Medicine in Paris, recommendations are derived for diagnosis and surgical treatment of vascular erectile dysfunction. In addition several recent publications in this field not mentioned in the consensus statements are included in the discussion.

Main Outcome Measure
The Oxford system of evidence-based review was systematically applied. Due to the generally low level of evidence in this field expert opinions were accepted, if published after a well-defined consensus process in peer-reviewed journals.

Results
Referring to penile revascularization it may be concluded, that in the face of missing randomized trials, only recommendations grade D may be given: this kind of surgery may be offered to men less than 55 years, who are nonsmokers, nondiabetic, and demonstrate isolated arterial stenoses in the absence of generalized vascular disease.
The evidence level for recommendations concerning penile venous ligations may be even lower. Too many unsolved controversies exist and universal diagnostic criteria for patient selection as well as operative technique selection have not been unequivocally established. This kind of surgery is still considered investigational but may be offered in special situations on an individualized basis in an investigational or research setting after obtaining written consent, using both pre- and postoperatively validated measuring instruments of success evaluation.

Conclusions
SOPs for penile revascularization procedures can be developed, concerning a highly selected patient group with isolated arterial stenoses. Based on the available data it is not yet possible to define SOPs for surgical treatment of corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction.
Characterization of a β‐1,3‐glucan recognition protein from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Bang Kyeongrin , Park Sujin , Cho Saeyoull 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe β‐1,3‐glucan recognition protein gene from Spodoptera exigua (SeβGRP) was cloned and characterized. The cDNA of this gene is 1 644 nucleotides in length and the predicted polypeptide is 491 amino acids (aa) in length, with a calculated molecular mass of 54.8 kDa. The first 22 aa encode a predicted secretion signal peptide. A BLAST search, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis of the aa sequence of SeβGRP revealed that this protein is most similar to the β‐1,3‐glucan recognition protein (βGRP) family of pattern recognition proteins. Using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction, we detected the presence of SeβGRP transcripts in the egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages of S. exigua. In addition, the SeβGRP transcript was expressed in all the tissues examined including the brain, hemocytes, fat body, intestine, and cuticle. There were no changes in SeβGRP mRNA levels in larvae infected with ultraviolet (UV)‐killed Escherichia coli DH5α compared with the control larvae inoculated with the water; however, SeβGRP mRNA levels were markedly elevated 4–8 h after infection and slightly induced 12–24 h after infection in larvae injected with UV‐killed Fusarium oxysporum. This may be because β‐1,3‐glucan is the main component of the cell wall of F. oxysporum, but not E. coli DH5α.
Feminist Geography 30 Years on – They Came, They Saw But Did They Conquer?
Authors: JOHNSON LOUISE C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFeminist geography emerged in Australia in the 1980s, spurred on by the local Women's Liberation Movement and inspired by the academic activism emanating from England, Canada, and the United States. Producing critical evaluations of male‐dominated geography departments, curriculum, and journals, feminist geographers proceeded to stake claims in each of these spheres while also substantially revising the content of geographical research. There were significant interventions into urban, social, cultural, and economic geography and in environmental discourses, as well as into the gendered research process. Having arrived, identified, and addressed these issues, the discipline was critiqued and transformed over the 1980s and 1990s. Crucial to the strength of this critique were key individuals, the Gender and Geography Group within the Institute of Australian Geographers, and the role played by journals such as Geographical Research and the Australian Geographer in providing spaces for feminist work. However, as the new century dawned, the agenda changed and the anger and urgency dissipated as the broader and university contexts altered. It was a period of consolidation, as feminist insights and approaches were focused on key subject areas – such as the home, identity, and sexuality – and became more mainstream. However, is this work and the presence of women in the academy an indication of success or of co‐option? This paper will trace these various shifts – from the arrival to the mainstreaming of feminist geography – and analyse what might be read as a retreat from feminist politics and practice within the discipline in Australia. I will conclude by re‐stating the case to advance a new feminist agenda in the face of continuing gender inequality within the academy, in Australia, and across the globe.
Effects of Green Tea Extract and α‐Tocopherol on the Lipid Oxidation Rate of Omega‐3 Oils, Incorporated into Table Spreads, Prepared using Multiple Emulsion Technology
Authors: Dwyer Sandra P.O’ , O’Beirne David , Ní Eidhin Deirdre , O’Kennedy Brendan T. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract:  This study examined the effectiveness of fat and water soluble antioxidants on the oxidative stability of omega (ω)‐3 rich table spreads, produced using novel multiple emulsion technology. Table spreads were produced by dispersing an oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion (500 g/kg 85 camelina/15 fish oil blend) in a hardstock/rapeseed oil blend, using sodium caseinate and polyglycerol polyricinoleate as emulsifiers. The O/W and oil‐in‐water‐in‐oil (O/W/O) emulsions contained either a water soluble antioxidant (green tea extract [GTE]), an oil soluble antioxidant (α‐Tocopherol), or both. Spreads containing α‐Tocopherol had the highest lipid hydroperoxide values, whereas spreads containing GTE had the lowest (P < 0.05), during storage at 5 °C, while p‐Anisidine values did not differ significantly. Particle size was generally unaffected by antioxidant type (P < 0.05). Double emulsion (O/W/O) structures were clearly seen in confocal images of the spreads. By the end of storage, none of the spreads had significantly different G′ values. Firmness (Newtons) of all spreads generally increased during storage (P < 0.05).Practical Application:  Lipid oxidation is a major problem in omega‐3 rich oils, and can cause off‐odors and off‐flavors. Double emulsion technology was used to produce omega‐3 enriched spreads (O/W/O emulsions), wherein the omega‐3 oil was incorporated into the inner oil phase, to protect it from lipid oxidation. Antioxidants were added to further protect the spreads by reducing lipid oxidation. Spreads produced had good oxidative stability and possessed functional (omega‐3 addition) properties.
Describing the Appearance and Flavor Profiles of Fresh Fig (Ficus carica L.) Cultivars
Authors: King Ellena S. , Hopfer Helene , Haug Megan T. , Orsi Jennifer D. , Heymann Hildegarde , Crisosto Gayle M. , Crisosto Carlos H. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract:  Twelve fig cultivars, including cultivars destined for the fresh and dried markets, were harvested from 6 locations and evaluated by a trained panel using descriptive sensory analysis. Instrumental measurements were taken at harvest and also during sensory analysis. Each fresh fig cultivar had a characteristic appearance and flavor sensory profile regardless of the source. The primary flavor attributes used to describe the fig cultivars were “fruity,”“melon,”“stone fruit,”“berry,”“citrus,”“honey,”“green,” and “cucumber.” Maturity levels significantly affected the chemical composition and sensory profiles of the fig cultivars. Less mature figs had a higher compression force, a thicker outer skin, and higher ratings for “green” and “latex” flavors, firmness, graininess, bitterness, tingling, and seed adhesiveness. Meanwhile, more mature figs had higher soluble solids concentration, and were perceptibly higher in “fruit” flavors, juiciness, stickiness, sliminess, and sweetness. The specific sensory terminology used for fig appearance and flavor profiles will assist with communication between marketers and consumers, which can increase fresh fig consumption.Practical Application:  The development of a unique set of descriptors for each fresh fig cultivar allows better communication between fig growers, retailers, and consumers. Consumers who are able to correctly anticipate how a particular fig variety tastes are more likely to be satisfied and purchase more figs. This work also demonstrates the need to develop and select cultivars with high flavor attributes for future fresh fig production.
Assessing exposure to extreme climatic events for terrestrial mammals
Authors: Ameca y Juárez Eric I. , Mace Georgina M. , Cowlishaw Guy , Cornforth William A. , Pettorelli Nathalie 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThere is robust evidence that climate change will modify the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events. The consequences for terrestrial biota may be dramatic, but are yet to be elucidated. The well‐established IUCN Red List does not, for example, include any explicit quantification of the current level of exposure to extreme climatic events in any species‐based risk assessment. Using globally distributed data for cyclones and droughts as well as information on the distribution of 5,760 terrestrial mammals (species and subspecies) we: (1) define mammals with significant exposure as those with an overlap of at least 25% of their extant geographic range with areas that have been impacted by either cyclones or droughts; and (2) pinpoint those with ≥75% overlap as being at the highest exposure. Although a species’ risk of negative impacts from extreme climatic events depends not only on its exposure but also its intrinsic sensitivity and adaptive capacity, identifying taxa currently exposed can help to (1) reduce the uncertainty in identifying species least likely to be resilient to future impacts, and (2) complement extinction risk assessments and provide a more informed evaluation of current conservation status, to better guide management.
Gestational weight gain in accordance to the IOM/NRC criteria and the risk for childhood overweight: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Nehring I. , Lehmann S. , von Kries R. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Gestational weight gain is a modifiable risk factor for childhood overweight.
What this study adds
Exceeding the recommended gestational weight gain increases the risk for childhood overweight by about 30%.
Interventions to avoid excessive weight gain are needed.
BackgroundOverweight and obesity in children are thought to be related to prenatal priming. Gestational weight gain (GWG) might be a potential modifiable risk factor for childhood overweight.ObjectiveTo quantify the associations of inadequate and excessive GWG with childhood overweight.MethodsThe electronic literature search in six databases was complemented by a hand search for relevant articles. Papers were selected and quality was assessed. The effect estimates of the individual studies were pooled using a random‐effects model.ResultsThe literature search yielded 1492 results in total, of which seven observational studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies had medium to good quality. The pooled estimate for the association between excessive GWG and childhood overweight yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–1.57). The association between inadequate GWG and childhood overweight yielded an OR of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85–0.98).ConclusionThese data provide evidence for at least a 21% risk for childhood overweight related to excessive GWG. Therefore, further efforts to design appropriate interventions against excessive GWG may appear warranted.