bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissolution behavior of steam generator deposit in oxalic acid
Authors: Yan Xiao , Lijun Song , Canshuai Liu , Zhaohui Tian , Yun Sun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The dissolution behavior of simulated deposit Fe3O4 and steam generator sludge in oxalic acid solution was studied by methods of SEM, XRD, XRF and ICP-OES. The electrochemical properties of simulated deposit chemically modified electrodes in oxalic acid solution were tested under a three-electrode system to guide the optimization of chemical cleaning process. The results indicate that oxalic acid chemical cleaning agent could effectively remove iron oxidation deposits and harmful elements such as Cu, Pb and Al in SG sludge. With the increase of oxalic acid concentration, the solubility of the simulated deposit is enhanced. But when the oxalic acid concentration reached 5%, the dissolution process of SG sludge will change into the deposition process after reaching a brief equilibrium, and FeC2O4(H2O)2 crystals will be formed. The solubility of simulated deposit in the oxalic acid is stronger than that of the sludge, which is related to the particle size difference between the simulated deposit and the SG sludge, as well as the influence of Cr, Mn, Ti, Ni, Mg and other elements doped in the oxide lattice of the sludge. The electrochemical reaction process of simulated deposit chemically modified electrode in oxalic acid solution is adsorption controlled.
Fabrication of porous carbon nanofibers by electrospinning as free-standing anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Manh Le Dang , Nguyen Tuan Loi , Nguyen Minh Thu , Tran Van Man , Pham Hoai Phuong , Ngo Hai Dang , Thi Thu Nguyen Thuy , Bui Trung Hieu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Free-standing anodes composed of porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) were fabricated by electrospinning for use in lithium-ion batteries. The use of terephthalic acid (PTA) as the sublimating agent, one-step carbonization at 900 °C for 2 h under vacuum converts the as-prepared samples to have interconnected pores along the PCNFs interior with numerous surface openings. The electrode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface area analysis (BET), x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectra (Raman). This strategy makes the PCNFs with a specific surface area of up to 290 m2 g−1, which is significantly higher than the CNFs with 107 m2 g−1. As a result, electrochemical tests exhibited that the PCNFs have a high discharge capacity of 750 mAh g−1, which is sharply higher than that of the CNFs (234 mAh g−1) at 100 mA g−1. Even at a current density of 3000 mA g−1, the PCNFs still exhibit a very high discharge capacity of 621 mAh g−1. The present study may provide an effective strategy for synthesizing low-cost, binder-free, and environmentally friendly anodes for lithium-ion batteries with outstanding properties.
Selective and reversible carbon mono oxide gas detection using silver doped octahedral molecular sieves (OMS-2) nanorods
Authors: Gupta Amit Kumar , Singh Priyanshu , Jaiswal Monica , Mittal Jagjiwan , Aravindan Sivanandam , Chaudhary Sumit , Sharma Satinder Kumar , Kumar Robin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work a potable, resistive sensor is fabricated for the selective detection of CO gas using nanorods of Ag doped octahedral molecular sieves-2 (Ag-OMS-2). During exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) gas at room temperature, resistance of Ag-OMS-2 film was dropped from 557 kΩ to 352 kΩ in just 18 sec. However, exposed sample regained its initial resistance value in 25 sec when CO gas source was removed. Both sensing and recovery processes were carried out at room temperature. The sensor film showed excellent reproducibility during several cycles of CO gas exposure. Swift activation of oxygen molecules for the oxidation of CO by the silver present in the tunnel of manganese oxide network is supposed to be responsible for sensing activity of Ag-OMS-2 towards carbon monoxide gas.
FcRider: a recombinant Fc nanoparticle with endogenous adjuvant activities for hybrid immunization
Authors: Mao Changchuin , Eberle Karen , Chen Xiaojie , Zhou Yiming , Li Jun , Xin Hong , Gao Wenda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Active immunization (vaccination) induces long-lasting immunity with memory, which takes weeks to months to develop. Passive immunization (transfer of neutralizing antibodies) provides immediate protection, yet with high cost and effects being comparatively short-lived. No currently approved adjuvants are compatible with formulations to combine active and passive immunizations, not to mention their huge disparities in administration routes and dosage. To solve this, we engineered the Fc fragment of human IgG1 into a hexamer nanoparticle and expressed its afucosylated form in Fut8−/− CHO cells, naming it “FcRider.” FcRider is highly soluble with long-term stability, easily produced at high levels equivalent to those of therapeutic antibodies, and is amenable to conventional antibody purification schemes. Most importantly, FcRider possesses endogenous adjuvant activities. Using SWHEL B cell receptor (BCR) transgenic mice, we found that HEL-FcRider induced GL7+ germinal center B cells and HEL-specific IgG. Similarly, immunizing mice with UFO-BG-FcRider, a fusion containing the stabilized human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Env protein as immunogen, promoted somatic hypermutation and generation of long CDR3 of the IgG heavy chains. Intramuscular injection of (Fba + Met6)3-FcRider, a fusion with two peptide epitopes from Candida albicans cell surface, stimulated strong antigen-specific IgG titers. In three different models, we showed that afucosylated FcRider functions as a multivalent immunogen displayer and stimulates antigen-specific B cells without any exogenous adjuvant. As an antibody derivative, afucosylated FcRider could be a novel platform combining vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, integrating active and passive immunizations into single-modality “hybrid immunization” to provide complete and long-lasting protection against infections, and may open new avenues in cancer immunotherapy as well.
Ending civil wars
Authors: Toft Monica Duffy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Just as no two wars are alike, none of their endings are exactly the same either. But broadly speaking, the main options are via a stalemate or ceasefire, a negotiated settlement, or with victory, either by the government or the rebel group. A stalemate or a ceasefire involve all sides laying down their arms and no agreement on the future make up the government. Negotiated settlements more often involve both sides laying down their arms and a shared agreement on and participation in a new government. Victories by either side are more intuitive—one side defeats the other thereby empowering the winning side to determine the future of the government and country. But, which type is the most likely and which leads to stability and peace? The answers to these questions are complicated.
A review: simulation tools for genome-wide interaction studies
Authors: Shang Junliang , Xu Anqi , Bi Mingyuan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Feng , Liu Jin-Xing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is essential for investigating the genetic basis of complex diseases; nevertheless, it usually ignores the interaction of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genome-wide interaction studies provide crucial means for exploring complex genetic interactions that GWAS may miss. Although many interaction methods have been proposed, challenges still persist, including the lack of epistasis models and the inconsistency of benchmark datasets. SNP data simulation is a pivotal intermediary between interaction methods and real applications. Therefore, it is important to obtain epistasis models and benchmark datasets by simulation tools, which is helpful for further improving interaction methods. At present, many simulation tools have been widely employed in the field of population genetics. According to their basic principles, these existing tools can be divided into four categories: coalescent simulation, forward-time simulation, resampling simulation, and other simulation frameworks. In this paper, their basic principles and representative simulation tools are compared and analyzed in detail. Additionally, this paper provides a discussion and summary of the advantages and disadvantages of these frameworks and tools, offering technical insights for the design of new methods, and serving as valuable reference tools for researchers to comprehensively understand GWAS and genome-wide interaction studies.
Emergency department referrals for CT imaging of extremity soft tissue infection: before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nanapragasam Andrew , White Lawrence M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the incidence and spectrum of findings in patients referred for CT imaging of extremity soft tissue infection in the adult emergency department (ED) setting before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Two hundred thirteen CT exams in the pre-COVID cohort (February 1, 2018-January 31, 2020) and 383 CT exams in the COVID cohort (February 1, 2020-January 31, 2022) were evaluated in this multicentre, retrospective study. Demographic information and clinical histories were collected, along with regional data on COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths.

Results
Comparable age and sex distribution was found in the pre-COVID (average age of 53.5 years; male: female ratio of 71:29) and COVID (average age of 54.6 years; male: female ratio of 69:31) cohorts. The frequency of reported clinical risk factors (diabetes mellitus, injected drug use, prior surgery, animal bite) was not significantly different between the two cohorts. Findings of simultaneous involvement of both superficial and deep soft tissue infection on CT imaging were significantly higher in the COVID cohort (53.4%) than in the pre-COVID cohort (33.7%). CT findings of phlegmon (49.1% vs 22.1%), ulcers (48.8% vs 30%), osteomyelitis (21.7% vs 13.1%), as well as localized (18.8% vs 11.7%) and extensive (3.7% vs 2.3%) soft tissue gas were significantly more common in the COVID cohort than in the pre-COVID cohort.

Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of ED CT exams for the evaluation of extremity soft tissue infection increased, with this imaging also showing more advanced disease. Pandemic-related modifications to human behaviour and re-distribution of healthcare resources may underlie these observed changes.

Advances in knowledge
This multi-centre study shows an increase in extremity soft tissue infection presenting to the ED during the pandemic. This finding is important for future pandemic preparations, as it can aid in the decision-making process around resource allocation.
Complex abdominal aortic aneurysms: a review of radiological and clinical assessment, endovascular interventions, and current evidence of management outcomes
Authors: Agarwal Girija , Hamady Mohamad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is an established approach to treating abdominal aortic aneurysms, however, challenges arise when the aneurysm involves visceral branches with insufficient normal segment of the aorta to provide aneurysm seal without excluding those vessels. To overcome this, a range of technological developments and solutions have been proposed including fenestrated, branched, physician-modified stents, and chimney techniques. Understanding the currently available evidence for each option is essential to select the most suitable procedure for each patient. Overall, the evidence for fenestrated endovascular repair is the most comprehensive of these techniques and shows an early post-operative advantage over open surgical repair (OSR) but with a catch-up mortality in the mid-term period. In this review, we will describe these endovascular options, pre- and post-procedure radiological assessment and current evidence of outcomes.
Contemporary treatment options in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Peikert Alexander , Solomon Scott D 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) constitutes approximately half of the heart failure population, with its prevalence markedly increasing with older age and the presence of cardio-metabolic comorbidities. Although HFpEF is associated with a high symptom- and mortality burden, historically there have been few evidence-based treatment options for patients with HFpEF. Recent randomized clinical trials have expanded evidence on pharmacological treatment options, introducing new agents for managing HFpEF. Given the complex clinical phenotype with pathophysiological heterogeneity and evolving diagnostic standards, the evidence-based management of HFpEF remains challenging for clinicians. This review summarizes the latest evidence from contemporary randomized clinical trials and recent guideline recommendations to provide guidance for the treatment of patients with HFpEF.
Fulminant eosinophilic myocarditis and refractory ventricular arrhythmias requiring mechanical circulatory support: a case report
Authors: Brick Claudia , Leet Angeline , Tay Hui , Kaye David M , Taylor Andrew J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Fulminant eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is a rare and often fatal condition that may present atypically and be complicated by ventricular arrhythmias. Treatment involves high-dose corticosteroids to suppress eosinophilia, as well as increasing use of mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 antibody with evidence for long-term efficacy and safety.

Case summary
A 38-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with neck pain and fatigue, and after extensive investigation was diagnosed with EM secondary to idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone for eosinophil suppression and warfarin due to the presence of biventricular apical thrombi. Despite previously stable haemodynamics, the patient had a cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation on Day 11 of hospitalization, requiring 30 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and commencement of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support due to refractory ventricular arrhythmias. The patient was urgently listed for heart transplant but a suitable match was not identified, and she was weaned to pharmacologic support on Day 34. The patient survived with minimal sequelae and has returned to full-time work. She remains on mepolizumab as a steroid-sparing agent, therapeutic anti-coagulation, and heart failure therapy.

Discussion
This report describes an atypical presentation of fulminant EM requiring weeks of mechanical circulatory support due to refractory arrhythmia rather than heart failure. The case also highlighted the benefits of non-invasive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in both diagnosis and prognostication of EM, as well as the need to maintain a high index of suspicion for this rare disease.
Acute myocardial infarction caused by vasospasm of a jailed diagonal branch subsequent to stent implantation in the left anterior descending artery: a case report
Authors: Yoshikawa Hiroshi , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Araki Makoto , Yonetsu Taishi , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronary stents have been reported to cause endothelial dysfunction, potentially leading to spasm at the edges of the stent. However, the clinical significance of vascular spasm in stent-jailed side branches remains poorly understood.

Case summary
A 67-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for angina occurring both during exercise and at rest. An everolimus-eluting stent was implanted for a physiologically significant stenosis in the proximal left anterior descending artery, while an intermediate stenosis persisted in the jailed first diagonal branch. Although her exertional angina resolved, her rest symptoms worsened after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). She was admitted with acute myocardial infarction 1 month later. Urgent coronary angiography showed no stent failure, but an acetylcholine provocation test induced a spasm leading to total occlusion of the jailed diagonal branch. An additional stent was implanted in the diagonal branch due to a residual stenosis even after isosorbide dinitrate administration. After the second PCI, her chest pain completely resolved.

Discussion
This is the first documentation of aggregated coronary spasm observed at the ostium of stent-jailed side branch. Stent implantation may induce endothelial dysfunction and promote inflammation, leading to spasms particularly at stent edges. This phenomenon can extend to side branches jailed by the stent, and invasive intervention may be a viable therapeutic strategy for such cases.
Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Older Men With Chronic Pain: Association With Plasma Amyloid Levels and Hippocampal Volume
Authors: Bell Tyler R , Franz Carol E , Thomas Kelsey R , Williams McKenna E , Eyler Lisa T , Lerman Imanuel , Fennema-Notestine Christine , Puckett Olivia K , Dorros Stephen M , Panizzon Matthew S , Pearce Rahul C , Hagler Donald J , Lyons Michael J , Elman Jeremy A , Kremen William S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Chronic pain leads to tau accumulation and hippocampal atrophy, which may be moderated through inflammation. In older men, we examined associations of chronic pain with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related plasma biomarkers and hippocampal volume as moderated by systemic inflammation.

Methods
Participants were men without dementia. Chronic pain was defined as moderate-to-severe pain in 2+ study waves at average ages 56, 62, and 68. At age 68, we measured plasma amyloid-beta (Aβ42, n = 871), Aβ40 (n = 887), total tau (t-tau, n = 841), and neurofilament light chain (NfL, n = 915), and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, n = 968), a marker of systemic inflammation. A subgroup underwent structural MRI to measure hippocampal volume (n = 385). Analyses adjusted for medical morbidities, depressive symptoms, and opioid use.

Results
Chronic pain was related to higher Aβ40 (β = 0.25, p = .009), but hs-CRP was unrelated to AD-related biomarkers (ps &gt; .05). There was a significant interaction such that older men with both chronic pain and higher levels of hs-CRP had higher levels of Aβ42 (β = 0.36, p = .001) and Aβ40 (β = 0.29, p = .003). Chronic pain and hs-CRP did not interact to predict levels of Aβ42/Aβ40, t-tau, or NfL. Furthermore, there were significant interactions such that Aβ42 and Aβ40 were associated with lower hippocampal volume, particularly when levels of hs-CRP were elevated (hs-CRP × Aβ42: β = −0.19, p = .002; hs-CRP × Aβ40: β = −0.21, p = .001), regardless of chronic pain status.

Conclusions
Chronic pain was associated with higher plasma Aβ, especially when hs-CRP was also elevated. Higher hs-CRP and Aβ levels were both related to smaller hippocampal volumes. Chronic pain, when accompanied by systemic inflammation, may elevate the risk of neurodegeneration in AD-vulnerable regions.
In Their Words: African American and Latine Immigrant Older Adults (Re)Define Civic Participation
Authors: Reyes Laurent 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Older adults’ civic participation has received considerable attention. However, this literature has understudied the experiences of civic participation among minoritized ethnoracial older adults. Particularly absent from this literature is the contextualization of civic participation as it exists within cultural and historical structures of inequality that influence how these populations understand, participate, and experience civic life.

Methods
A phenomenological design was used to explore civic participation through participants’ experiences and unique perspectives. Thirty-four in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with Latine immigrant and Black older adults (ages 60+) living in New Jersey and New York City. A conceptual content analysis was used to identify how older Black and Latine immigrant adults define civic participation for themselves.

Results
This study presents 3 new definitions of civic participation, that are derived directly from participants’ conceptualization and applied across the lived experiences. Definitions present civic participation as the responsibility of community belonging; as a religious/spiritual practice; and as a way of life. These definitions provide new perspectives by which to study civic participation and challenge current framing of helper and needy, altruism, the voluntary nature of participation, and the separation between social, political, and spiritual participation.

Discussion
Findings from this study contribute to expanding gerontology’s ontological imagination of how civic participation is experienced and conceptualized among older Latine immigrants and Black adults. The expertise shared by older African Americans and Latine immigrants lends us important perspectives to develop a critical theoretical framework by which scholars can more accurately study civic participation among this diverse population.
Quantifying projected changes in evaporation and solar irradiation for Iraq in the 21st century using representative concentration pathways
Authors: Ghanim Marrwa S , Sultan Maitham A , Hashim Bassim Mohammed , Sultan Aljibori Hakim S , Hammadi Alaa M , Mahdi Jasim M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Iraq's dry and semi-arid climate makes it highly vulnerable to climate change impacts including increased solar irradiation, evaporation rates, and water scarcity risks. This study utilizes the CMIP5 climate model projections from CCSM4 under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios to analyze the projected changes in annual evaporation and solar irradiation across Iraq over 2020–2100. The analysis is conducted spatially across 18 locations and temporally across four future periods (2020–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080, 2081–2100). Under RCP2.6, evaporation rates are estimated to increase by 11–16.3 kg/m2 (+11% to +20%) in northern Iraq and 16.3–20.1 kg/m2 (+16% to +25%) in southern Iraq by 2100. Solar irradiation is projected to rise marginally by 1.8–3.4 W/m2 (+1% to +2%) countrywide, with the highest levels in western Iraq (224.4–252.3 W/m2) and lowest in northern areas (223.5–232.7 W/m2). The projected rising evaporation can significantly exacerbate water scarcity risks, while the limited irradiation increase can impact long-term planning of solar energy investments. The quantified projections highlight risks to Iraq's water and energy security, underscoring the urgent need for adaptation strategies to enhance resilience.