bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« Le vrai mot était “vivre” ma nature » Fred Deux
Authors: Guilbault Dominique 
Published: November 2013

De l’individualisation à l’individuation. Fred Deux, né en 1924, écrit La Gana à trente-quatre ans. Entre autobiographie et fiction, ce récit hante toujours l’auteur qui y revient avec ses rêves, son Journal, « ses taches » et ses dessins.
Measuring Distance, Pointing Address: The Textual Geography of the 'Poem to Coleridge' and 'To W. Wordsworth'
Authors: Carlson Julia S. 
Published: November 2013

This article seeks to revise our understanding of the development of The Prelude by showing how it emerged from a literary exchange that depended on absence. It was not so much a poem prompted by the closeness of Wordsworth and Coleridge as one born of their distance—one that forged a relationship between selves across a temporal and spatial divide by a series of textual devices. These devices, I show, originated in prose and verse sent by mail—in letters that inscribed and sought to overcome distance by using particular forms of address and marks of emphasis: a shared code elaborated on paper rather than in speech. Among these forms of address, the invocation of the “Friend!” (complete with exclamation point) was of particular importance: taken over from the letters, it became a vital part of the poem’s formal, thematic and textual development. It is thus especially unfortunate that the editors of the most popular standard edition of the poem in the twentieth century chose to remove the exclamation point from this and other phrases throughout the 1805 poem, obscuring a crucial aspect of the origination in writing—as a textual address—of what was called the “poem to Coleridge.”
Resisting and challenging stigma in Uganda: the role of support groups of people living with HIV
Authors: Mburu Gitau , Ram Mala , Skovdal Morten , Bitira David , Hodgson Ian , Mwai Grace W , Stegling Christine , Seeley Janet 
Published: November 2013

IntroductionGlobal scale up of antiretroviral therapy is changing the context of HIV‐related stigma. However, stigma remains an ongoing concern in many countries. Groups of people living with HIV can contribute to the reduction of stigma. However, the pathways through which they do so are not well understood.MethodsThis paper utilizes data from a qualitative study exploring the impact of networked groups of people living with HIV in Jinja and Mbale districts of Uganda. Participants were people living with HIV (n=40), members of their households (n=10) and their health service providers (n=15). Data were collected via interviews and focus group discussions in 2010, and analyzed inductively to extract key themes related to the approaches and outcomes of the groups’ anti‐stigma activities.ResultsStudy participants reported that HIV stigma in their communities had declined as a result of the collective activities of groups of people living with HIV. However, they believed that stigma remained an ongoing challenge. Gender, family relationships, social and economic factors emerged as important drivers of stigma. Challenging stigma collectively transcended individual experiences and united people living with HIV in a process of social renegotiation to achieve change. Groups of people living with HIV provided peer support and improved the confidence of their members, which ultimately reduced self‐stigma and improved their ability to deal with external stigma when it was encountered.ConclusionsAntiretroviral therapy and group‐based approaches in the delivery of HIV services are opening up new avenues for the collective participation of people living with HIV to challenge HIV stigma and act as agents of social change. Interventions for reducing HIV stigma should be expanded beyond those that aim to increase the resilience and coping mechanisms of individuals, to those that build the capacity of groups to collectively cope with and challenge HIV stigma. Such interventions should be gender sensitive and should respond to contextual social, economic and structural factors that drive stigma.
Reducing shame in a game that predicts HIV risk reduction for young adult men who have sex with men: a randomized trial delivered nationally over the web
Authors: Christensen John L , Miller Lynn Carol , Appleby Paul Robert , Corsbie‐Massay Charisse , Godoy Carlos Gustavo , Marsella Stacy C , Read Stephen J 
Published: November 2013

IntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM) often face socially sanctioned disapproval of sexual deviance from the heterosexual “normal.” Such sexual stigma can be internalized producing a painful affective state (i.e., shame). Although shame (e.g., addiction) can predict risk‐taking (e.g., alcohol abuse), sexual shame's link to sexual risk‐taking is unclear. Socially Optimized Learning in Virtual Environments (SOLVE) was designed to reduce MSM's sexual shame, but whether it does so, and if that reduction predicts HIV risk reduction, is unclear. To test if at baseline, MSM's reported past unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) is related to shame; MSM's exposure to SOLVE compared to a wait‐list control (WLC) condition reduces MSM's shame; and shame‐reduction mediates the link between WLC condition and UAI risk reduction.MethodsHIV‐negative, self‐identified African American, Latino or White MSM, aged 18–24 years, who had had UAI with a non‐primary/casual partner in the past three months were recruited for a national online study. Eligible MSM were computer randomized to either WLC or a web‐delivered SOLVE. Retained MSM completed baseline measures (e.g., UAI in the past three months; current level of shame) and, in the SOLVE group, viewed at least one level of the game. At the end of the first session, shame was measured again. MSM completed follow‐up UAI measures three months later. All data from 921 retained MSM (WLC condition, 484; SOLVE condition, 437) were analyzed, with missing data multiply imputed.ResultsAt baseline, MSM reporting more risky sexual behaviour reported more shame (rs=0.21; p<0.001). MSM in the SOLVE intervention reported more shame reduction (M=−0.08) than MSM in the control condition (M=0.07; t(919)=4.24; p<0.001). As predicted, the indirect effect was significant (point estimate −0.10, 95% bias‐corrected CI [−0.01 to −0.23] such that participants in the SOLVE treatment condition reported greater reductions in shame, which in turn predicted reductions in risky sexual behaviour at follow‐up. The direct effect, however, was not significant.ConclusionsSOLVE is the first intervention to: (1) significantly reduce shame for MSM; and (2) demonstrate that shame‐reduction, due to an intervention, is predictive of risk (UAI) reduction over time.
Isomerization and Decomposition of a Criegee Intermediate in the Ozonolysis of Alkenes: Dynamics Using a Multireference Potential
Authors: Kalinowski Jaroslaw , Räsänen Markku , Heinonen Petri , Kilpeläinen Ilkka , Gerber R. Benny 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe isomerization and decomposition dynamics of the simplest Criegee intermediate CH2OO have been studied by classical trajectory simulations using the multireference ab initio MR‐PT2 potential on the fly. A new, accelerated algorithm for dynamics with MR‐PT2 was used. For an initial temperature of 300 K, starting from the transition state from CH2OO→CH2O2 , the system reaches the dioxirane structure in around 50 fs, then isomerizes to formic acid (in ca. 2800 fs), and decomposes into CO+H2O at around 2900 fs. The contributions of different configurations to the multiconfigurational total electronic wave function vary dramatically along the trajectory, with diradical contributions being important for transition states corresponding to H‐atom transfers, while being only moderately significant for CH2OO. The implications for reactions of Criegee intermediates are discussed.
Unusual Acetylation‐Dependent Reaction Cascade in the Biosynthesis of the Pyrroloindole Drug Physostigmine
Authors: Liu Joyce , Ng Tailun , Rui Zhe , Ad Omer , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPhysostigmine is a parasympathomimetic drug used to treat a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and glaucoma. Because of its potent biological activity and unique pyrroloindole skeleton, physostigmine has been the target of many organic syntheses. However, the biosynthesis of physostigmine has been relatively understudied. In this study, we identified a biosynthetic gene cluster for physostigmine by genome mining. The 8.5 kb gene cluster encodes eight proteins (PsmA–H), seven of which are required for the synthesis of physostigmine from 5‐hydroxytryptophan, as shown by in vitro total reconstitution. Further genetic and enzymatic studies enabled us to delineate the biosynthetic pathway for physostigmine. The pathway features an unusual reaction cascade consisting of highly coordinated methylation and acetylation/deacetylation reactions.
On the Nature of Interactions between Ionic Liquids and Small Amino‐Acid‐Based Biomolecules
Authors: Tietze Alesia A. , Bordusa Frank , Giernoth Ralf , Imhof Diana , Lenzer Thomas , Maaß Astrid , Mrestani‐Klaus Carmen , Neundorf Ines , Oum Kawon , Reith Dirk , Stark Annegret 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDuring the last decade, ionic liquids (ILs) have revealed promising properties and applications in many research fields, including biotechnology and biological sciences. The focus of this contribution is to give a critical review of the phenomena observed and current knowledge of the interactions occurring on a molecular basis. As opposed to the huge advances made in understanding the properties of proteins in ILs, complementary investigations dealing with interactions between ILs and peptides or oligopeptides are underrepresented and are mostly only of phenomenological nature. However, the field has received more attention in the last few years. This Review features a meta‐analysis of the available data and findings and should, therefore, provide a basis for a scientifically profound understanding of the nature and mechanisms of interactions between ILs and structured or nonstructured peptides. Fundamental aspects of the interactions between different peptides/oligopeptides and ILs are complemented by sections on the experimental (spectroscopy, structural biology) and theoretical (computational chemistry) possibilities to explain the phenomena reported so far in the literature. In effect, this should lead to the development of novel applications and support the understanding of IL–solute interactions in general.
Young peoples' stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia
Authors: Griffiths Scott , Mond Jonathan M. , Murray Stuart B. , Touyz Stephen 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe nature and extent of stigma toward individuals with anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia remains underexplored. This study investigated attitudes and beliefs likely to be conducive to stigmatization of individuals with these conditions.MethodMale and female undergraduate students (n = 361) read one of four vignettes describing a fictional male or female character with anorexia nervosa or muscle dysmorphia, after which they responded to a series of questions addressing potentially stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs toward each character.ResultsCharacters with anorexia nervosa were more stigmatized than characters with muscle dysmorphia, female characters were more stigmatized than male characters, and male participants were more stigmatizing than female participants. A large effect of character diagnosis on masculinity was observed, such that characters with anorexia nervosa were perceived as less masculine than characters with muscle dysmorphia, and this effect was more pronounced among male participants. However, no significant corresponding effects were observed for femininity.DiscussionFemales with anorexia nervosa may be particularly susceptible to stigmatization, especially by males. Anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia are perceived as “female” and “male” disorders respectively, in line with societal gender role expectations, and this stigmatization is tied more strongly to perceptions of sufferers' masculinity than femininity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:189–195)
Synthesis of (+)‐O‐Methylthalibrine by Employing a Stereocontrolled Bischler–Napieralski Reaction and an Electrochemically Generated Diaryl Ether
Authors: Kawabata Yuki , Naito Yu , Saitoh Tsuyoshi , Kawa Kohei , Fuchigami Toshio , Nishiyama Shigeru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn efficient electrochemical four‐step route was developed for the preparation of diaryl ether derivatives by using halogenation and dehalogenation processes in addition to electrochemical phenolic oxidation and reduction reactions. The synthesis of (+)‐O‐methylthalibrine was achieved by employing this strategy along with a stereoselective Bischler–Napieralski reaction.
Estimation of the absolute shear stiffness of human lung parenchyma using 1H spin echo, echo planar MR elastography
Authors: Mariappan Yogesh K. , Glaser Kevin J. , Levin David L. , Vassallo Robert , Hubmayr Rolf D. , Mottram Carl , Ehman Richard L. , McGee Kiaran P. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo develop a rapid proton MR elastography (MRE) technique that can quantify the absolute shear stiffness of lung parenchyma, to investigate the ability to differentiate respiration‐dependent stiffness variations of the lung, and to demonstrate clinical feasibility.Materials and MethodsA spin‐echo echo planar imaging MRE sequence (SE‐EPI MRE) with a very short echo time was developed and tested in a series of five healthy volunteers at three different lung volumes: (i) residual volume (RV), (ii) total lung capacity (TLC), (iii) and midway between RV and TLC (MID). At each volume, lung density was quantified using a MR‐based density mapping sequence. For reference, data were acquired using the previously described spin‐echo lung MRE sequence (SE‐MRE). MRE data were also acquired in a patient with proven Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) to test clinical feasibility.ResultsThe SE‐EPIMRE sequence reduced total acquisition time by a factor of 2 compared with the SE‐MRE sequence. Lung parenchyma median shear stiffness for the 5 volunteers quantified with the SE‐EPI MRE sequence was 0.9 kPa, 1.1 kPa, and 1.6 kPa at RV, MID, and TLC, respectively. The corresponding values obtained with the SE‐MRE sequence were 0.9 kPa, 1.1 kPa, and 1.5 kPa. Absolute shear stiffness was also successfully measured in the IPF patient.ConclusionThe results indicate that stiffness variations due to respiration could be measured with the SE‐EPIMRE technique and were equivalent to values generated by the previously described SE‐MRE approach. Preliminary data obtained from the patient demonstrate clinical feasibility.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1230–1237. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Le baclofène pour les nuls
Authors: Gorwood P. 
Published: November 2013

Le baclofène soulève bien des passions, parfois présenté comme un remède miracle de l’alcoolodépendance, parfois décrié comme un psychotrope parmi tant d’autres à fort effet placebo. Les cliniciens peuvent donc se trouver en difficulté devant une demande de ce traitement par un patient alcoolodépendant. Qui plus est le baclofène correspond vraisemblablement plus au concept des traitements de « substitution » plutôt que de « sevrage » voire même « d’aide au maintien de l’abstinence », et bouleverse en cela les indications, les modalités de prescription mais aussi les attendus. L’unité d’addictologie de la CMME à Sainte-Anne s’est progressivement organisée en centre de référence pour cette prise en charge, ce qui a mené à une somme importante d’expériences cliniques et thérapeutiques, facilitées par la présence de lits d’hospitalisation à temps complet et de jour dédiés à l’addictologie. Au cours de ce partage d’expérience, seront délivrés, en papier et en fichier informatique :– le bilan de base qu’il faut effectuer ;– une maquette d’escalade de doses pour trouver la dose optimale (parfois élevée) ;– les principaux effets indésirables à surveiller ;– un cahier d’observation permettant au patient de mieux percevoir le retentissement de ce traitement, ce qu’il faut en attendre mais aussi ce qu’il ne fera pas.La durée de prescription sera aussi discutée, ainsi que la possibilité de prescription ponctuelle au moment d’exposition à risque. Enfin, la particularité des prescriptions chez des sujets ayant une comorbidité psychiatrique, notamment trouble bipolaire, personnalité borderline et schizophrénie, sera aussi abordée.
En quoi et comment le cannabis peut-il être toxique pour le cerveau ?
Authors: Dervaux A. 
Published: November 2013

La toxicité cérébrale du cannabis est marquée principalement par des effets cognitifs, addictifs et psychotomimétiques.Troubles cognitifsPlusieurs études ont montré que l’administration aiguë de Δ-9-THC, principal principe actif du cannabis, et que la consommation régulière de cannabis entraînaient des troubles de l’attention, de la mémoire, en particulier de la mémoire de travail et de la mémoire épisodique ainsi que des troubles des fonctions exécutives. Ces troubles ont un impact sur l’apprentissage, les acquisitions scolaires, la conduite d’un véhicule et les tâches complexes. Ils sont liés à la dose, à la fréquence, à la durée d’exposition et à l’âge de la première consommation. Ils peuvent disparaître après sevrage, mais des anomalies durables s’observent chez les sujets ayant débuté leur consommation avant l’âge de 15 ans.Effets addictifsLa fréquence sur la vie entière de la dépendance au cannabis, caractérisée essentiellement par le craving, la perte de contrôle de la consommation et le retentissement important sur la vie familiale/professionnelle/sociale est, d’après certaines études, de 1 % en population générale. Le syndrome de sevrage, décrit en 2004, pourrait être inclus dans le DSM-5.Effets psychotomimétiquesFréquents, les symptômes psychotiques induits par la consommation de cannabis (idées de référence, de persécution) disparaissent spontanément dans les 24 heures. Ils durent parfois plusieurs semaines dans les pharmacopsychoses. Neuf études longitudinales ont montré que les sujets qui avaient fumé du cannabis avaient deux fois plus de risque environ que les sujets abstinents, de présenter ultérieurement des troubles psychotiques. Le risque, dose-dépendant, est plus élevé lorsque la consommation de cannabis a débuté avant l’âge de 15 ans et chez les sujets qui ont des antécédents familiaux de troubles psychotiques. L’évolution de la schizophrénie est aggravée par la consommation de cannabis.Toxicité cérébrale du cannabisElle est liée à l’interaction du Δ-9-THC sur les récepteurs cannabinoïdes cérébraux CB1, localisés principalement dans l’hippocampe, le cervelet, le cortex frontal, le striatum et les ganglions de la base. Plusieurs études ont retrouvé que la consommation de cannabis pouvait interférer avec le système endocannabinoïde cérébral lors de la maturation du cerveau à l’adolescence. Elle favorise aussi des troubles vasculaires cérébraux. Les études d’imagerie cérébrale ont retrouvé que les effets du cannabis, modérés en cas d’usage simple, étaient marqués chez les consommateurs réguliers par une diminution dose-dépendante de la densité de substance grise au niveau de l’hippocampe, des régions parahippocampiques et de l’amygdale.
Tabac et schizophrénies : éducation thérapeutique, accompagnement psychiatrique et évaluation du sevrage tabagique
Authors: Levoyer D. , Guillery X. , Lassignardie H. , Rivoallan C. , Toulleaux I. 
Published: November 2013

Des études (De Leon et al., 2005) ont montré une forte consommation de tabac chez les patients souffrant de schizophrénie, entraînant une morbidité et une mortalité plus élevées. Les particularités psychologiques et cognitives de cette population rendent difficile l’arrêt du tabac. Une équipe du CHGR, composée de médecins psychiatre et addictologue, d’infirmiers tabacologues et de psychologues, a mis en place un projet de soins psychoéducatif, spécifique aux personnes souffrant de schizophrénie. À l’aide d’outils et de supports variés, ludiques et adaptés (images, vidéos, jeux de rôle, gestion du temps, des émotions, entraînement aux habilités sociales), les objectifs principaux de ce module sont l’arrêt du tabac ou la diminution de la consommation, une information claire et non culpabilisante, un accès facilité à des substituts nicotiniques, l’amélioration de l’estime de soi, de la qualité de vie et du bien-être. Ce module accueille 8 patients par session, se déroule en 10 séances avec par la suite 4 séances de rappel à 1, 3, 6, et 12 mois. La méthodologie d’évaluation scientifique est basée sur une approche différentielle intra et inter individuelle. Des évaluations en pré- et post-module sont effectuées ainsi que des mesures répétées à chaque séance. Un ensemble d’indicateurs tente d’évaluer la portée des soins : échelle de Fagerström, mesure du taux de monoxyde de carbone, l’humeur, l’estime de soi (Rosenberg), la qualité de vie (C. Lançon) et les habiletés sociales (D. Leguay, A. Cochet). Notre objectif, dans le cadre de cette étude financée par l’Institut National du Cancer, est d’accueillir environ 30 patients sur 2 années. Nos attentes concernent entre autres, l’amélioration de la qualité de vie et du bien-être de la personne, l’acquisition et le maintien de ses compétences en termes de résolutions de problèmes, de gestion des émotions et du temps.
Trajectoire socio-économique et consommation d’alcool au début de l’âge adulte : résultats de la cohorte française TEMPO
Authors: Yaogo A. , Fombonne E. , Kouanda S. , Lert F. , Melchior M. 
Published: November 2013

ContexteLes liens entre trajectoire socio-économique et consommation d’alcool ont été peu étudiés, particulièrement chez des personnes jeunes.ObjectifsL’objectif de cette étude était d’identifier l’association entre trajectoire socio-économique et consommation d’alcool au début de l’âge adulte en tenant compte d’autres facteurs associés à la consommation d’alcool.Matériel et méthodesLes données proviennent de la cohorte TEMPO (www.tempo.inserm.fr) - une étude de cohorte prospective de 1103 personnes âgées de 22 à 35 ans en 2009 dont un des parents participe à la cohorte GAZEL (www.gazel.inserm.fr). La consommation d’alcool (abstinence, consommation faible ou intermédiaire, abus) a été mesurée en 2009 par l’AUDIT (OMS). La trajectoire socio-économique depuis l’enfance jusqu’à l’âge adulte a été mesurée par :– la situation sociale dans l’enfance (niveau de revenu familial en 1989 (≤ 2592 vs > 2592 €/mois) ;– la situation sociale du jeune (niveau d’étude ≤ Baccalauréat vs > Baccalauréat).Dans l’échantillon, 4 groupes de trajectoire socio-économique ont été identifiés : trajectoires favorable, ascendante, descendante, défavorable. Les données ont été analysées par des modèles de régression logistique ajustés sur le sexe, l’âge, la situation maritale, l’emploi, le soutien social, la maternité, l’existence de maladies chroniques, les difficultés psychologiques et la consommation d’alcool des parents.RésultatsLa trajectoire socio-économique des personnes était associée à leur consommation d’alcool, et particulièrement à l’abstinence : par rapport aux personnes qui avaient une trajectoire socio-économique favorable : ORs multivariés (trajectoire socio-économique ascendante : OR = 1,89, 95 % IC 1,05–3,40), (trajectoire descendante : OR = 2,10, 95 % IC 1,00–4,44), (trajectoire défavorable : OR = 3,01, 95 % IC 1,38–6,56).
ConclusionLa trajectoire socio-économique est associée à la non-consommation d’alcool au début de l’âge adulte, indépendamment d’autres facteurs.