bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall Prevention for Inpatient Oncology Using Lean and Rapid Improvement Event Techniques
Authors: Wolf Laurie , Costantinou Eileen , Limbaugh Cathie , Rensing Kathy , Gabbart Phyllis , Matt Pat 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this project was to reduce patient falls and falls with injury on three oncology divisions at a large urban teaching hospital. By standardizing assessment, intervention, and post-fall investigation processes the goal was to decrease patient falls and falls with injury rate by 50% and 30%, respectively. BACKGROUND: Preventing patients from being injured due to a fall during their hospitalization has been a concern in healthcare for many years. Organizations around the world such as Institute of Medicine, The Joint Commission, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, National Australian Patient Safety Foundation, and the World Health Organization have been conducting research and publishing guidelines to identify evidence based interventions for fall prevention (Ulrich et al., 2008, Di Pilla, 2010). Falls are the most common cause of non-fatal injury and hospital admission for trauma. Death rates due to falls have risen sharply over the past decade due to aging of the population. METHODS: A Rapid Improvement Event (RIE) technique was selected to implement the fall prevention initiative because it aligned with the hospital's lean transformation initiative. There was coordination with other departmental staff (physical and occupational therapy, pharmacy, physicians, information systems, low bed equipment vendor, and clinical operations) to achieve multidisciplinary input. RESULTS: A 22% decrease in total fall rate and a 37% decrease in falls with injury rate were achieved in the 16-month post-intervention period. Although a 22% decrease in total falls did not meet the goal of 50% decrease, the total falls with injury decrease of 37% did exceed the goal of 30%. CONCLUSIONS: Falls are a multi-faceted, complex problem that needs constant vigilance and continuous improvement to sustain patient safety. Anticipating physiologic changes in patients' conditions and implementing interventions before the fall is critical to fall prevention. While well-validated screening tools performed thoroughly and accurately can help hospital staff identify patient specific fall risk factors, risk assessment alone does not prevent falls. If the prevention of patient falls is identified as important by leadership and staff at the division level and all are invested in achieving established goals, success can be achieved and sustained.
The Role of Facility Design in Preventing the Transmission of Healthcare-Associated Infections: Background and Conceptual Framework
Authors: Zimring Craig , Jacob Jesse T. , Denham Megan E. , Kamerow Douglas B. , Hall Kendall K. , Cowan David Z. , Kasali Altug , Lenfestey Nancy F. , Do Ellen , Steinberg James P. 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE: To describe the conceptual framework and methodology used to conduct a comprehensive literature review of current evidence evaluating the role of the built environment in the transmission of healthcare-associated infections. BACKGROUND: A multidisciplinary approach to evaluating a vast and diverse dataset requires a conceptual framework to create a common understanding for interpretation. This common understanding is accomplished through the application of a “chain of transmission” model depicting temporal and physical paths of pathogens that cause healthcare-associated infections. The chain of transmission interventions model argues that infection can potentially be reduced by interrupting any of several links in the chain. TOPICAL HEADINGS: The key pathogens impacted by the built environment are identified. The chain of transmission and the conceptual framework are described. Opportunities for intervention through the built environment are presented, which in turn guide the subsequent methodology used to conduct the systematic literature review. CONCLUSIONS: The chain of transmission interventions model is a multidisciplinary conceptualization of the interaction between pathogens and the built environment, and this model facilitated a systematic literature review of a very large amount of data.
Neural Correlates of Nature Stimuli: An fMRI Study
Authors: Pati Debajyoti , O'Boyle Michael , Amor Cherif , Hou Jiancheng , Valipoor Shabboo , Fang Dan 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE: Examine whether there are unique patterns of brain activation associated with exposure to photographic sky compositions (representing nature stimuli) as compared with other positive, negative, and neutral images. BACKGROUND: The positive impact of nature images on health outcomes traditionally has been measured using behavioral and physiological indicators. However, there is a lack of understanding of the underlying neural mechanism that explains this positive influence. METHODS: A combination of behavioral responses and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology was used to address research questions. Ten participants belonging to five age groups were subjected to short (25 seconds) exposures of 32 images while their brain activation was monitored via the BOLD response. In a separate run, participants were subjected to extended exposures (12 minutes) of a sky composition and an image of a traditional ceiling. RESULTS: The results show that the activation patterns produced by sky compositions and positive images were quite similar as compared to negative or neutral images. However, sky compositions also produced some unique areas of activation, including those associated with spatial cognition, the expanse of space, circadian rhythm, and perceived motion. In the extended exposure condition, sky compositions tended to activate regions associated with dreaming, while traditional ceiling images activated regions that are related to face processing and potentially visual hallucinations. CONCLUSIONS: Nature stimuli, with a combination of vegetation and sky, may produce unique beneficial effects not present in general positive stimuli.
One Size Does Not Fit All: A Diagnostic Post-Occupancy Evaluation Model for an Emergency Department
Authors: Guinther Lindsey , Carll-White Allison , Real Kevin 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE: This study presents a detailed account of processes and multiple methodologies used in conducting a diagnostic post-occupancy evaluation (POE) in an urban hospital emergency department. BACKGROUND: Healthcare design POE research findings can lead to improved work environments for healthcare providers and higher levels of staff, patient, and visitor satisfaction. METHODS: This evaluation was conducted in two separate phases over 12 months, with data analysis occurring after each phase. Phase 1 involved 200 hours of observation, physical measurements, and occupancy counts. Phase 2 included surveys ( n = 315) of staff, visitors, and patients. In addition, eight distinct staff focus groups (e.g., Nursing, Housekeeping, Physician, etc.) were conducted. RESULTS: To illustrate the process, one healthcare design-related issue, privacy and confidentiality, was assessed in light of the linear design model with a central core. Phase 1 observation results indicated that most confidential conversations were contained within the linear core. However, Phase 2 focus groups revealed that many staff members had concerns regarding the level of privacy and confidentiality due to the core's open design. The use of multiple methods provided greater information and a more comprehensive picture of the emergency department environment and design. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a comprehensive framework for diagnostic post-occupancy evaluation in healthcare design. The findings indicate that a systematic, multi-methodological approach developed around a conceptual framework can lead to higher quality evaluations. Diagnostic POEs should be grounded in extant literature and customized based on the setting, the client's guiding principles, and the design team's objectives. In diagnostic POEs, one size does not fit all.
Bedside to Blueprints: The Role of Nurses in Hospital Design
Authors: Clark Erin 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role and function of nurses in the healthcare design industry. BACKGROUND: The design of a new hospital requires collaboration among multiple disciplines to develop an environment that allows for high-quality care to be delivered and received. This article investigates the role of nurses as an integral part of the design team when creating optimal spaces for patients and caregivers. While nurses fulfill many roles in healthcare, this investigation focused on the role of nurses as end-users, nurse leaders, and consultants. METHODS: An informal interview method was used to elicit information from 13 members of the healthcare design industry across disciplines and across the United States. Those interviewed included nurses, architects, and consultants. RESULTS: Common themes that emerged from this investigation included the importance of nurses as an integral part of the design team and a continued need to understand optimal utilization to be an effective team member. A number of organizations and events welcome nurses to help foster design innovation and interprofessional collaboration. CONCLUSIONS: The role of the professional nurse continues to expand and there are many opportunities for nurses to step out of their traditional role and into the industry of healthcare design.
Informing Hospital Change Processes through Visualization and Simulation: A Case Study at a Children's Emergency Clinic
Authors: Persson Johanna , Dalholm Elisabeth Hornyánszky , Johansson Gerd 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the use of visualization and simulation tools in order to involve stakeholders and inform the process in hospital change processes, illustrated by an empirical study from a children's emergency clinic. BACKGROUND: Reorganization and redevelopment of a hospital is a complex activity that involves many stakeholders and demands. Visualization and simulation tools have proven useful for involving practitioners and eliciting relevant knowledge. More knowledge is desired about how these tools can be implemented in practice for hospital planning processes. METHODS: A participatory planning process including practitioners and researchers was executed over a 3-year period to evaluate a combination of visualization and simulation tools to involve stakeholders in the planning process and to elicit knowledge about needs and requirements. RESULTS: The initial clinic proposal from the architect was discarded as a result of the empirical study. Much general knowledge about the needs of the organization was extracted by means of the adopted tools. Some of the tools proved to be more accessible than others for the practitioners participating in the study. The combination of tools added value to the process by presenting information in alternative ways and eliciting questions from different angles. CONCLUSIONS: Visualization and simulation tools inform a planning process (or other types of change processes) by providing the means to see beyond present demands and current work structures. Long-term involvement in combination with accessible tools is central for creating a participatory setting where the practitioners' knowledge guides the process.
Design Research and the Globalization of Healthcare Environments
Authors: Shepley Mardelle McCuskey , Song Yilin 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE: Global healthcare practice has expanded in the past 20 years. At the same time the incorporation of research into the design process has gained prominence as a best practice among architects. The authors of this study investigated the status of design research in a variety of international settings. We intended to answer the question, “how pervasive is healthcare design research outside of the United States?” METHOD: The authors reviewed the international literature on the design of healthcare facilities. More than 500 international studies and conference proceedings were incorporated in this literature review. A team of five research assistants searched multiple databases comparing approximately 16 keywords to geographic location. Some of those keywords included: evidence-based design, salutogenic design, design research, and healthcare environment. Additional articles were gathered by contacting prominent researchers and asking for their personal assessment of local health design research studies. RESULTS: While there are design researchers in most parts of the world, the majority of studies focus on the needs of populations in developed countries and generate guidelines that have significant cost and cultural implications that prohibit their implementation in developing countries. Additionally, the body of literature discussing the role of culture in healthcare environments is extremely limited. CONCLUSION: Design researchers must address the cultural implications of their studies. Additionally, we need to expand our research objectives to address healthcare design in countries that have not been previous considered.
Effects of Revised Consultation Room Design on Patient–Physician Communication
Authors: Ajiboye Folaranmi , Dong Fanglong , Moore Justin , Kallail K. James , Baughman Allison 
Published: February 2015

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a revised consultation room design on patient–physician interaction in an outpatient setting. Background: The growth of ambulatory medical care makes outpatient facilities the primary point of health care contact for many Americans. However, the outpatient consultation room design remains largely unchanged, despite its increased use and the adoption of technology-mediated information sharing in clinical encounter. Methods: A randomized controlled trial used a postvisit questionnaire to assess six domains of interest (satisfaction with the visit and the consultation room, mutual respect, patient trust in the physician, communication quality, people–room interaction, and interpersonal–room interaction) in two different room designs (a traditional room and an experimental room in which a pedestal table had replaced the examination table). Results: Interpersonal–room interaction was enhanced in the experimental consultation room when compared to the traditional consultation room ( p = .0038). Participants in the experimental consultation room had better access to the computer screen, increased provider information sharing, and more time engaging providers in conversation about information on the monitor. Conclusions: Changing the layout of a consultation room has the potential to improve interpersonal communication through better information sharing. Clinicians who are interested in maximizing the benefits of their clinical encounter should consider changing the layout of their consultation room, especially the positioning of the computer screen.
If I Were a Band-Aid, Where Would I Be? Researching the Use and Location of Supplies on Two Patient Units
Authors: Bazuin Doug , Martinez Jessica , Harper Kathy , Okland Kathy , Bergquist Patricia , Kumar Shilpi 
Published: February 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the use and storage of supplies in the neonatal intensive care and women’s health units of Parkland Hospital in Dallas, Texas. Background: Construction of a new Parkland Hospital is underway, with completion of the 862-bed, 2.5-million square feet hospital in 2014. Leaders from the hospital and representatives from one of its major vendors collaborated on a research study to evaluate the hospital’s current supply management system and develop criteria to create an improved system to be implemented at the new hospital. Method: Approach includes qualitative and quantitative methods, that is, written survey, researcher observations, focus groups, and evaluation of hospital supply reports. Results: Approaching the ideal location of supplies can be best approached by defining a nurse’s activity at the point of care. Determining an optimal supply management system must be approached by understanding the “what” of caregivers’ activities and then determining the “where” of the supplies that support those activities. Conclusions: An ideal supply management system locates supplies as close as possible to the point of use, is organized by activity, and is standardized within and across units.
Arginine dependence of acute myeloid leukemia blast proliferation: a novel therapeutic target
Authors: Mussai Francis , Egan Sharon , Higginbotham-Jones Joseph , Perry Tracey , Beggs Andrew , Odintsova Elena , Loke Justin , Pratt Guy , U Kin Pong , Lo Anthony , Ng Margaret , Kearns Pamela , Cheng Paul , De Santo Carmela 
Published: February 2015

Key Points
Arginase depletion with BCT-100 pegylated recombinant human arginase is cytotoxic to AML blasts.
Optimal treatment strategies for hemophilia: achievements and limitations of current prophylactic regimens
Authors: Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: February 2015

AbstractProphylactic application of clotting factor concentrates is the basis of modern treatment of severe hemophilia A. In children, the early start of prophylaxis as primary or secondary prophylaxis has become the gold standard in most countries with adequate resources. In adults, prophylaxis is reasonably continued when started as primary or secondary prophylaxis in childhood to maintain healthy joint function. Initial data support that adult patients with already existing advanced joint arthropathy benefit from tertiary prophylaxis with significantly lowered number of bleeds, almost complete absence of target joints, and less time off from work. Current prophylactic regimens, although very effective, do not completely prevent joint disease in a long-term perspective. Joint arthropathy in primary prophylaxis develops over many years, sometimes over a decade or even longer time periods. The ankle joints are the first and most severely affected joints in those patients and thus may serve in outcome assessment as an indicator of early joint arthropathy when followed by ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Optimized outcome and best use of available resources is expected from individualization of therapy regimens, which comprises the individual’s bleeding pattern, condition of the musculoskeletal system, level of physical activity and the pharmacokinetic profile of the substituted coagulation factor, and most recently includes novel products with extended half-lives.
The nanostructuring of surfaces and films using interference lithography and chalcogenide photoresist
Authors: Dan’ko Viktor , Indutnyi Ivan , Myn’ko Victor , Lukaniuk Mariia , Shepeliavyi Petro 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The reversible and transient photostimulated structural changes in annealed chalcogenide glass (ChG) layers were used to form interference periodic structures on semiconductor surfaces and metal films. It was shown that negative-action etchants based on amines dissolve illuminated parts of a chalcogenide film, i.e., act as positive etchants. The diffraction gratings and 2-D interference structures on germanium ChGs - more environmentally acceptable compounds than traditionally used arsenic chalcogenides - were recorded, and their characteristics were studied.
Fabrication and characterization of GaN-based light-emitting diodes without pre-activation of p-type GaN
Authors: Hu Xiao-Long , Wang Hong , Zhang Xi-Chun 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We fabricated GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) without pre-activation of p-type GaN. During the fabrication process, a 100-nm-thick indium tin oxide film was served as the p-type contact layer and annealed at 500°C in N2 ambient for 20 min to increase its transparency as well as to activate the p-type GaN. The electrical measurements showed that the LEDs were featured by a lower forward voltage and higher wall-plug efficiency in comparison with LEDs using pre-activation of p-type GaN. We discussed the mechanism of activation of p-type GaN at 500°C in N2 ambient. Furthermore, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy examinations were carried out to study the improved electrical performances of the LEDs without pre-activation of p-type GaN.
Composites of silica with immobilized cholinesterase incorporated into polymeric shell
Authors: Payentko Victoriya , Matkovsky Alexander , Matrunchik Yulia 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Synthetic approaches for new nanocomposite materials with relatively high cholinesterase activity have been developed. The peculiarity of the formation of such systems is the introduction of cholinesterase into polymer with subsequent incorporation on the ready-made silica particles and into the polysiloxane matrixes during sol-gel synthesis. Evaluation of the cholinesterase activity has been fulfilled through the imitation of the acetylcholine chloride decomposition reaction. Values of activity for cholinesterase nanocomposites demonstrated in this work are higher than those for the native cholinesterase. The higher activity of cholinesterase contained in nanocomposites was found for those prepared using highly dispersed silica.
Bimetallic core/shell nanoparticle-decorated 3D urchin-like hierarchical TiO2 nanostructures with magneto-responsive and decolorization characteristics
Authors: Xiang Liqin , Liu Shuo , Yin Jianbo , Zhao Xiaopeng 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The semiconductors decorated with noble metals or magnetic metals have attracted increasing attention due to multifunctional properties. In this article, we prepare novel bimetallic core/shell nanoparticle (Co@Au and Co@Ag)-decorated 3D urchin-like hierarchical TiO2 nanostructures through combining electroless plating and in situ replacement processes. The morphology and structure are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and a surface area analyzer. It demonstrates that Co@Au and Co@Ag nanoparticles are uniformly decorated on urchin-like TiO2 nanostructures. The composite nanostructures show not only surface plasmon absorption band from Au or Ag but also a magneto-responsive characteristic from Co. This allows composite nanostructures to exhibit advantages including enhanced decolorization efficiency compared to pure TiO2 nanostructures and facile separation from a solution by magnetic field.