bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Critical Theory of al-Nahḍah: Epistemology, Ideology and Capital
Authors: Sheehi Stephen 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This articles is an initial theoretical foray into what has become a dynamic burgeoning field—“Nahḍah Studies”—by proposing that literary and intellectual production of the era should not be understood as generative or productive of cultural discourses, social practices or identities. Rather, al-Nahḍah al-ʿarabīyyah is the mark of a violent epistemological wrenching that was instigated by the introduction of capitalist means of production and surplus accumulation during the Ottoman Tanzimat. Using a handful of examples such as Ahmad Fāris al-Shidyāq, Buṭrus al-Bustānī, Ibrāhīm al-Yāzijī and Ḥusayn Marṣafī, the article suggests that literary and intellectual production of al-Nahḍah, like the subjectivities they imagine, are an effect of these transformations, which is first imprinted on language that is charged to organize new systems of signification to make modernity legible and logical. Literary, intellectual and cultural productions, therefore, are an effect of the ideology of modernity that has naturalized the reform movement as a necessary project for social, cultural and political success. The cultural and thought production of al-Nahḍah was not productive of “new” concepts of identity, civil society, economic production and gender as much as it was reproductive of nascent, native capitalist ideology, serving to mediate and make sense of the tensions, contradictions and violence inherent to the reorganization of the society, culture and economy of the Ottoman Arab provinces.
The Pirate and the Warlord
Authors: Clulow Adam 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Starting in the second half of the sixteenth century, Japan, and especially Kyushu, experienced a surge in maritime exchange that was unprecedented in Japanese history. Alongside the boom in trade, there was a concurrent swell in maritime violence as pirates and privateers militarized East Asian waters. During this period, the port of Hirado on Kyushu emerged as one of the most important and consistently active pirate hubs, becoming a base for Chinese, Dutch, English, and Japanese mariners. This article explores Hirado’s long association with piracy and uses it to reflect on the changing nature of maritime violence in East Asia.
Christian Creations of New Spaces of Sexuality, Reproduction, and Relationships in Africa: Exploring Faith and Religious Heterotopia
Authors: Bochow Astrid , Bochow Astrid , van Dijk Rijk 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In many African societies today Christian churches, Pentecostals in particular, are an important source of information on sexuality, relationships, the body, and health, motivated in part by the HIV/AIDS pandemic but also related to globally circulating ideas and images that make people rethink gender relations and identities through the lens of ‘romantic love’. Contextualizing the contemporary situation in the history of Christian movements in Africa, and by applying Foucault’s notion of heterotopia, this introduction and the subsequent papers show that Christian doctrines and practices are creating social spaces of altering relational ethics, identities and gender roles that appeal especially to upwardly mobile women.
Singleness, Sexuality, and the Dream of Marriage
Authors: Frahm-Arp Maria 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In contemporary South Africa the nuclear family, made up of a husband and wife with two or three children living in a suburban area, is considered a social ideal and symbol of social and economic success. In Pentecostal Charismatic Churches the nuclear family is also held up as a symbol of success and as a sign of spiritual favour and blessing. Yet many young professional women who are members of Pentecostal Charismatic Churches struggle to find suitable husbands and marry. This paper examines why these women encounter these difficulties and how the Pentecostal Charismatic Churches in this study are opening up new social spaces in which singleness is an acceptable social state. In so doing the paper shows the complex relationship between weddings, sexuality, and economics in the life of young upwardly mobile Pentecostal Charismatic Christians.
Experience of Contingency and Congruent Interpretation of Life Events in Clinical Psychiatric Settings: A Qualitative Pilot Study
Authors: Scherer-Rath Michael , van den Brand Jos , van Straten Corry , Modderkolk Linda , Terlouw Cisca , Hoencamp Erik 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis is a qualitative pilot study of congruence in narrative reconstruction of interpretations of life events by patients in a clinical psychiatric setting. It is based on the assumption that a coherent interpretive structure means that the interpretation of contingent life events by a person must be congruent with the conflict between these everyday events and the person’s embedded ultimate life goal. The pilot study confirms the assumption, provided the interpretation is based on ultimate life goals in order to integrate experience, severe mental disorder in these patients, with the person’s life story. If there is no clear embedded ultimate life goal, the person does not have a congruent angle on the contingent life event to assign it a position in her life story. As a result self-realisation, with or without a context of religious significance, becomes problematic. Whether patients with a severe mental disorder differ from persons without a disorder remains an open question and can not be answered by this study.
Churchmanship and Personality among Clergymen in the Church in Wales: Are Anglo-Catholic Priests More Feminine?
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Littler Keith 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The aim of the present study is to develop and test a new measure of Anglo-Catholic orientation capable of assessing the extent of the continuing influence of the Anglican-Catholic movement among Anglican clergy and useful for testing theories regarding the association between Anglo-Catholic orientation and personality. Data provided by a sample of 232 clergymen serving in the Church in Wales support the internal consistency reliability of the 21-item Francis-Littler Anglo-Catholic Orientation Scale, and, in terms of the Eysenckian dimensional model of personality, demonstrate that Anglo-Catholic orientation is associated with higher levels of psychological femininity as assessed by the neuroticism scale, but not as assessed by the psychoticism scale.
Fisheries Data and the Law of the Sea Convention
Authors: Edeson W.R. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article outlines the provisions of the Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC) concerning the collection and exchange of fisheries data. It also examines how the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement has substantially strengthened the provisions of the LOSC in this area. The paper considers briefly the specific problems raised by the attempt to attribute a nationality to catch data, and the related problem of determining where the responsibility lies for reporting data in chartering arrangements.
Military Activities in the Exclusive Economic Zones of Foreign Coastal States
Authors: Hayashi Moritaka 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
One disturbing element in an overall stable order built on the Law of the Sea Convention is the disagreement between some States over the use of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of a coastal State by another State for military purposes. While it appears to be generally accepted that military activities in the EEZ of another State are part of “the freedoms . . . of navigation and overflight and other internationally lawful uses of the sea related to these freedoms . . .” under Article 58(1), some States, notably China, hold an opposing view. The disagreement has led to several incidents involving forceful disturbance of activities of United States military vessels and aircraft in and above the EEZ of China. There is an urgent need for the States concerned and the international community to find a common understanding on the issue or some kind of practical arrangement for avoiding further serious incidents.
Was it Worth the Effort?
Authors: Lowe Vaughan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article asks whether the effort involved in the nine years of the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) negotiation was worthwhile. It finds various styles of treaty-making in the Law of the Sea Convention and examines some of the dynamics of the UNCLOS III negotiation process which provide possible reasons for this unusual mix of treaty-making models. It then assesses whether this monumental international treaty-making venture was indeed worth the effort.
Challenges to Protecting the Marine Environment beyond National Jurisdiction
Authors: Gjerde Kristina M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In the past thirty years since the signing of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC), the ocean has changed more than in all of human history before. It is now facing a multitude of interconnected threats that require comprehensive, precautionary and integrated management. This review of the environmental provisions in Part XII of the LOSC with respect to the high seas and the seabed area beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) reveals significant strengths as well as substantial weaknesses and gaps. Governments are now grappling with how to address problems related to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ. This commentary concludes that Part XII will need strengthening, including through an implementing agreement, to enable the global community to cope with the escalating challenges of a changing ocean.
Precaution and the Protection of Marine Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction
Authors: Rayfuse Rosemary 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
As a post-LOSC legal development, the precautionary principle is nowhere enunciated in the Law of the Sea Convention. Nevertheless, in the thirty years since the LOSC’s adoption, the significance of the precautionary principle for marine environmental protection in general and marine resource conservation in particular has been recognised. The language of precaution, the precautionary principle and the precautionary approach have entered the lexicon of the law of the sea, permeating the international community’s efforts to manage and conserve marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. The challenge remains, however, of crafting and implementing management and governance regimes capable of achieving the objectives of precautionary management and turning the rhetoric of precaution into a reality.
De paternis et maternis bonis, On CT 3.8.2, NT 14 and its adaptation by Justinian
Authors: Simon Dietrich V. , Backhaus Ralph 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCT 3.8.2 (382 AD) and NT 14 (439 AD) protected the interests of the children in case one of their parents died and the other one married again. The constitution of 382 AD imposed an obligation on the remarried widow to preserve the assets she had received from her predeceased husband (so called bona paterna, especially: gifts before marriage) and to transfer these bona to the children mortis causa or inter vivos. Infringement of this obligation gave rise to an action in damages. The constitution NT 14 extended the obligation to a widower who had received bona materna from his predeceased wife (especially: dowry). In case of the remaining spouse's remarriage, the children were to have a so called 'dominium' in the bona paterna / materna, and dispositions of the remarried spouse in violation of its obligations towards the children were declared to be void. The way by which the constitution made the children owner of the bona paterna / materna was rather complicated. It required the children to accept the inheritance either of the predeceased or (later) of the surviving parent. The difficulties arising from this construct were overcome by the use of legal ctions, which are – at rst glance – hard to understand, but all in all consistent. Justinian returned to a more simple solution by a ording ownership to the children and only an usufruct to the surviving spouse.
Once more: debet or debetur in Gai 4,73?
Authors: Platschek Johannes 
Published: February 2013

AbstractContrary to the manuscript tradition, the active form debet in Gai. 4,73 is to be read as the passive debetur. Against the background of semantic and syntactic analysis, this passage makes sense only under the assumption of a corrupted abbreviation (as can frequently be found in the Veronese Codex). For only then is the passage coherent and in conformity with parallel juridical sources. Considerations as to a Roman double entry booking based on the active debet are faced with objections in the sources everywhere.
The Code of Dušan 1349–1354
Authors: Angelini Paolo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn 1349 Stefan Dušan enacted a code that was part of a tripartite codification with the Abridged syntagma and the so-called Law of Justinian. The Serbian emperor introduced in his empire a Byzantine legal system, even if elements of Slavic customary law were preserved. Physical mutilations and punishments, death penalty, public penal system, personal liability were unknown to the Slav populations and have to be connected to the Greek-Roman law influence. This influence is evident both in civil and criminal law and in this sense the dispositions of the Code of Dušan must be connected to the two other Byzantine compilations. Dušan's attempt failed just a few years after his death because of the fall of the Serbian empire due to the Ottoman advance.
The Placebo Phenomenon and Well-Being: Notes on the Healing Process as an Evolutionary Adaptive Trait
Authors: Craffert Pieter F. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
As biopsychosocial beings, humans have developed numerous mechanisms that regulate and sustain life and well-being, one of which is self-healing. The term placebo response, to be understood as a meaning response and self-healing mechanism, refers to an evolutionary adaptive trait that developed as an integral part of human beings as biocultural and socially embodied beings in search of ways of overcoming assaults on wellness. As embodied beings humans function as biopsychosocial organisms where body, culture and society interact in order to bring about well-being. The placebo response is one such response by the organism and can have positive or negative effects on the organism. When the organismic response to assaults on well-being facilitates positive outcomes such as healing and well-being, it is called the placebo effect, and when it operates as a negative force as in producing or enhancing sickness and distress, it is referred to as the nocebo effect. An understanding of these organismic responses is essential for an appreciation of all health care systems and healing modalities, and consequently, for the evaluation of the efficacy and quality of potential health providers and promoters of well-being. It can also be used to evaluate the potential of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), including faith healing and distant healing. Ultimately, an appreciation of the organismic response to bring about either the placebo or nocebo effect provides insight into who and what we are as human beings.
Apocalypticism and Popular Culture in South Africa: An Overview and Update
Authors: Mollett Margaret 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Apocalypticism, in the form of premillennial dispensationalism, based on foundational texts in Daniel, 2 Thessalonians and the book of Revelation, took root in South Africa through missionaries from the United States in the late 19th and early 20th century. At first associated with Pentecostal churches and splinter groups from traditional churches belief in an imminent rapture followed by the tribulation, the millennium and final white throne judgment characterise an ever-widening circle of so-called charismatic groups. This heightening of expectation can mainly be ascribed to the influence of Hal Lindsey during the 70s and 80s and Tim LaHaye during the first decade of the 21st century. Rapid growth in media technology and the popularity of religious fiction has resulted in a merging of apocalyptic expectation with popular culture. This article probes the nature of “popular culture” and its relation to religion in South African context, and indicates a route for further enquiry and research. It concludes with the question, “What obligation does this lay on the scholarly guild?”
The “Last Dogma” of Positivism: Historicist Naturalism and the Fact/Value Dichotomy
Authors: Zammito John H. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Has the emergence of post-positivism in philosophy of science changed the terms of the “is/ought” dichotomy? If it has demonstrated convincingly that there are no “facts” apart from the theoretical frames and evaluative standards constructing them, can such a cordon sanitaire really be upheld between “facts” and values? The point I wish to stress is that philosophy of science has had a central role in constituting and imposing the fact/value dichotomy and a revolution in the philosophy of science should not leave the dichotomy unaffected. The connection between post-positivism and naturalism will be my guiding thread in considering this “last dogma of positivism.” First this essay will specify the sense of naturalism that it will take to be essential to the post-positivist philosophy of science: the deflation of the notion of the “purity” of scientific knowledge. Then it will turn to the question of the implications that follow for the “autonomy” of ethics, including the danger posed by a new form of scientistic reductionism.
Neurath’s Boat Will Take You Where You Want to Go: On Naturalized Epistemology and Historicism
Authors: Henderson David 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Naturalized epistemology is not a recent invention, nor is it a philosophical invention. Rather, it is a cognitive phenomena that is pervasive and desirable in the way of human epistemic engagement with their world. It is a matter of the way that one’s cognitive processes can be modulated by information gotten from those same or wider cognitive processes. Such modulational control enhances the reliability of one’s cognitive processes in many ways – and judgments about objective epistemic justification consistently evince a reasonable demand for it. However, with suitable modulational control in place within an agent or a community of agents, the fitting cognitive processes take time to generate information that then engenders changes in processes and norms. Further, as there are significant historical and biographical contingencies involving trajectories through one’s environment, there are contingencies in the information and modifications that will be engendered by suitable modulational control. As a result, what makes for objectively justified belief at a time will vary – as the fruits of suitable modulational control accrue over time. This is a moderate form of historicism about epistemic justification.
Virtues of Historiography
Authors: Froeyman Anton 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this paper, I take up Herman Paul’s suggestion to analyze the process of writing history in terms of virtues. In contrast to Paul, however, I argue that the concept of virtue used here should not be based on virtue epistemology, but rather on virtue ethics. The reason is that virtue epistemology is discriminative towards non-cognitive virtues and incompatible with the Ankersmitian/Whitean view of historiography as a multivocal path from historical reality to historical representation. Virtue ethics on the other hand, more specifically those forms of virtue ethics which emphasize the uncodifiability thesis, is very capable of providing such an account. In order to make this somewhat more concrete, I distinguish four important traits of virtue ethics, and I try to make clear how these can be interpreted with respect to the writing of history.
The Ethical Literature: Religion and Political Authority as Brothers
Authors: Feldman Noah 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This essay discusses the contribution of the Muslim ethical literature of the middle ages to Islamic political thought. The ethical literature offers a perspective on the medieval Islamic constitution that differs markedly from the picture that derives from the juristic literature on the caliphate. Where the juristic literature largely portrays political authority as the servant of religion, the ethical literature presents religion and political authority as “brothers” arrayed in a relationship of mutual dependence. This view is decisively influenced by pre-Islamic Iranian thinking on the relationship between religion and politics, as contained in the “Letter of Tansar.”
Token Constitutionalism and Islamic Opposition in Tajikistan
Authors: Atkin Muriel 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Tajikistan is a predominantly Muslim country where the concept of having a constitution is not controversial, but the content of that constitution is. Roughly seventy years of Soviet rule over the territory that became independent Tajikistan at the end of 1991 introduced constitutions as a norm, although the rights the constitutions appeared to accord did not jibe with political reality. The years of Soviet rule also created an environment hostile to Islam, as a result of which some of Tajikistan’s inhabitants ceased to be believers, while many who continued to practice their faith knew little about it other than the rituals of everyday life. In the last years of the Soviet era and the two decades after the breakup of the USSR, Islam was caught up in the political as well as religious controversies that developed in Tajikistan during this upheaval. There was an upsurge of attention to Islam, in a religious sense for some, a cultural and nationalist sense for others, and as a bogeyman for yet others. The Islamic Rebirth Party of Tajikistan (IRPT), the only legal Islamic political party in post-Soviet Central Asia, along with the head of the religious establishment in the republic, the qadi, joined with secular groups advocating reforms that would promote political and economic change. The power struggle between neo-Soviet ruling elites and the opposition led to a civil war (1992-97) in which the neo-Soviets prevailed. Tajikistan’s post-Soviet constitution reflects the emphatic secularism of the neo-Soviets, despite the objections of the IRPT. The post-civil-war government has also enacted legislation reestablishing Soviet-style constraints on Islamic institutions and personnel and has used its power to thwart genuinely pluralistic politics. The IRPT as well as secular opposition parties have felt the effects of the rigged elections and harassment by the regime.