bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐ and long‐term results of the Frey procedure for chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Ueda Junji , Miyasaka Yoshihiro , Ohtsuka Takao , Takahata Shunichi , Tanaka Masao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the short‐ and long‐term results of the Frey procedure for chronic pancreatitis.MethodsFrom November 1998 to December 2013, 41 patients underwent the Frey procedure for painful chronic pancreatitis at Kyushu University Hospital. The short‐ and long‐term results of the Frey procedure including mortality, morbidity, pain relief, weight gain and pancreatic endocrine function were analyzed. The long‐term results were analyzed in 29 patients who had been followed‐up for more than 12 months. The long‐term follow‐up rate was 85%.ResultsThere was no mortality. Early postoperative complications occurred in seven patients (17%), including pancreatic fistula in four (10%, International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula ISGPF grade B) and hemorrhage in three (7%). Long‐term relief of abdominal pain was achieved in 90% (26/29) of cases. One patient developed relapse of inflammation of the head of pancreas during the follow‐up period, necessitating pylorus‐resecting pancreatoduodenectomy. Only two patients (7%) developed new‐onset diabetes mellitus after the Frey procedure during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsThe Frey procedure for painful chronic pancreatitis may be safe and pancreatic endocrine function is preserved. Complete decompression of the pancreatic ducts in the head of pancreas and full length drainage of the main pancreatic duct from the head of pancreas to the tail may be important in the Frey procedure to prevent recurrence of acute inflammation.
Numerical modeling of toxic nonaqueous phase liquid removal from contaminated groundwater systems: mesh effect and discretization error estimation
Authors: Zhao Chongbin , Poulet Thomas , Regenauer‐Lieb Klaus 
Published: October 2014

SummaryNumerical modeling has now become an indispensable tool for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of toxic nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) removal from contaminated groundwater systems. Because the domain of a contaminated groundwater system may involve irregular shapes in geometry, it is necessary to use general quadrilateral elements, in which two neighbor sides are no longer perpendicular to each other. This can cause numerical errors on the computational simulation results due to mesh discretization effect. After the dimensionless governing equations of NAPL dissolution problems are briefly described, the propagation theory of the mesh discretization error associated with a NAPL dissolution system is first presented for a rectangular domain and then extended to a trapezoidal domain. This leads to the establishment of the finger‐amplitude growing theory that is associated with both the corner effect that takes place just at the entrance of the flow in a trapezoidal domain and the mesh discretization effect that occurs in the whole NAPL dissolution system of the trapezoidal domain. This theory can be used to make the approximate error estimation of the corresponding computational simulation results. The related theoretical analysis and numerical results have demonstrated the following: (1) both the corner effect and the mesh discretization effect can be quantitatively viewed as a kind of small perturbation, which can grow in unstable NAPL dissolution systems, so that they can have some considerable effects on the computational results of such systems; (2) the proposed finger‐amplitude growing theory associated with the corner effect at the entrance of a trapezoidal domain is useful for correctly explaining why the finger at either the top or bottom boundary grows much faster than that within the interior of the trapezoidal domain; (3) the proposed finger‐amplitude growing theory associated with the mesh discretization error in the NAPL dissolution system of a trapezoidal domain can be used for quantitatively assessing the correctness of computational simulations of NAPL dissolution front instability problems in trapezoidal domains, so that we can ensure that the computational simulation results are controlled by the physics of the NAPL dissolution system, rather than by the numerical artifacts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Professor Tetsuo Nozoe and My Tropylium Ion Chemistry
Authors: Komatsu Koichi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNeedless to say, the discovery of hinokitiol with its “unconventional” aromaticity by Professor Tetsuo Nozoe is one of the most important achievements in organic chemistry in the last century. The essence of this “non‐benzenoid” aromaticity in hinokitiol is of course that of tropolone, and it is further related to the aromaticity of tropone and the tropylium ion, i.e., the cycloheptatrienyl cation. In this account, details of the study conducted by the author's group, particularly on the synthesis and properties of tropylium ion derivatives with various unique structures pursuing the ultimately high carbocation stability, are described.
Peroxide‐Mediated Selective Cleavage of [60]Fullerene Skeleton Bonds: Towards the Synthesis of Open‐Cage Fulleroid C55O5
Authors: Gan Liangbing 
Published: October 2014

AbstractReplacement of a pentagon in [60]fullerene with five oxygen atoms yields the open‐cage compound C55O5 with five carbonyl groups on the rim of the orifice. Our attempts to synthesize such a target molecule starting from C60 have led us to prepare the fullerene‐mixed peroxides such as C60(OO‐t‐Bu)6 with all the peroxo addends surrounding the same pentagon. Further investigations of the peroxide chemistry have generated various open‐cage fullerene derivatives, including the carbon monoxide encapsulated endohedral compound CO@C59O6. This Personal Account mainly discusses peroxide‐based processes resulting in selective cleavage of the fullerene skeleton bonds.
Organophosphorus Avenues toward Self‐Assembled Conjugated Soft Materials
Authors: Wang Zisu , Baumgartner Thomas 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSelf‐assembly is nature's most powerful tool for constructing the physical world. Self‐assembly has also become an important theme in organic materials research. Within our research program on π‐conjugated organophosphorus materials, we have recently aimed to combine the unique optoelectronic properties of organophosphorus building blocks with self‐assembly features. Our novel organophosphorus‐based chromophore mesogens self‐assemble into complex structures, such as liquid crystals and organogels. More importantly, intriguing optoelectronic properties not present in the original building blocks are also produced as a result. These results have opened up a rich chemistry toward smart functional materials that is currently being further exploited in our group.
Na0.35MnO2/CNT Nanocomposite from a Hydrothermal Method as Electrode Material for Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Bai‐He , Yu Feng , Zhang Lei , Wang Xiaowei , Wen Zubiao , Wu Yu‐Ping , Holze Rudolf 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA Na0.35MnO2/CNT nanocomposite is prepared by a simple and low energy consumption hydrothermal method. Its electrochemical performance as an electrode material for asymmetric supercapacitors with aqueous Na2SO4 solution is investigated. In this nanocomposite less than 2 wt‐% of CNTs are intermingled with the Na0.35MnO2 nanowires. Quite obviously the introduced CNTs efficiently improve the rate performance of the composite. When the current density increases from 0.1 to 10 A·g–1, the capacitance decreases only slightly from 163 to 125 F·g–1. When assembled into an asymmetric aqueous supercapacitor using activated carbon as the counter electrode and an aqueous electrolyte solution of 0.5 mol·L–1 Na2SO4, Na0.35MnO2/CNT shows an energy density of 33.5 Wh·kg–1 at a power density of 3 kW·kg–1 based on the weights of the two electrode materials, higher than those for simple Na0.35MnO2, with an energy density of 28.7 Wh·kg–1 at a power density of 3 kW·kg–1 only. The Na0.35MnO2/CNT nanocomposite presents excellent cycling behavior, no capacitance fading after 10000 cycles, even when dissolved oxygen is not removed from the electrolyte solution. The results are very promising for practical applications of this electrode material since sodium is much cheaper than lithium and its natural resources are rich.
Speciation of Molybdates under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Noack Johannes , Rosowski Frank , Schlögl Robert , Trunschke Annette 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn situ Raman spectroscopy was applied to investigate the speciation of molybdates under hydrothermal conditions in 0.2 M aqueous solution in the temperature range between 20 °C and 200 °C and at pH values between 7 and 1. The nature and abundance of molecular and supra‐molecular species differs significantly compared to the distribution of species under ambient conditions at the same pH. Whereas heptamolybdate Mo7O246– dominates under ambient pressure at 25 °C in the pH range between 6 and 5, at 170–190 °C, chain‐like or molecular structures of dimolybdates Mo2O72– and trimolybdates Mo3O102– are preferentially formed. In acidic solutions (pH < 2), supramolecular species, like Mo36O1128–, which generally predominate at 25 °C, do not occur at T > 100 °C. Instead, β‐Mo8O264– is the final molecular precursor of precipitation reactions that was detectable by Raman spectroscopy. The structural type of the solid phase formed through addition of vanadyl sulfate under hydrothermal conditions is sensitively controlled by the nature of the molecular precursor, which is adjusted by the pH. In acidic medium, hexagonal MoO3 (ICSD 80290) is formed, while at pH = 5.8 nano‐crystalline M1 (ICSD 55096) was obtained.
Petrological Evidences of Impact-induced Shock Metamorphism in the Basement Granitoids and Rhyolitic Melt Breccia of Mohar Area, Shivpuri District, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Roy Madhuparna , Kumar Shailendra , Pandey Pradeep , Bhairam C.L. , Parihar P.S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The circular structure at Mohar (Dhala structure) in the western part of Bundelkhand Gneissic Complex, is marked by a prominent outlier of Kaimur sediments surrounded by low lying concentric sequence of sediments of Dhala Formation and basement granite breccia. This has been interpreted as a volcanic eruption related cauldron structure and meteoritic impact crater structure by various authors, on the basis of absence or presence of shock indicators in the clasts of a rhyolite-like rock that crops out scantily in the north western part of the structure. During the course of extensive sub-surface uranium exploration in this structure, the geoscientists of Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research observed unequivocal and rampant evidences of shock metamorphic features for the first time in drill core samples of basement granitoids which constitute the bed rock for the rhyolite-like melt breccia, which overlies it. Published data of shock metamorphic features from this area are largely confined to the surface samples of the rhyolite-like melt rock, exposed in sparse outcrops. The shock metamorphic features recorded in the sub-surface granitoid bed rock samples during the present study, comprise planar deformation features (PDF) in quartz, feldspar, apatite and zircon, toasted, diaplectic, ladder-textured feldspars, selectively shock-melted feldspars and melt-veined quartz. The shock metamorphic features recorded in surface and sub-surface samples of the melt rock include ballen quartz, PDF in quartz clasts, toasted and diaplectic feldspar clasts shocked basic rock fragments with isotropised feldspars. Both the shocked bedrock granitoid and the melt rock bear uncharacteristic geochemical signatures with elevated K2O, MgO and depleted CaO. The study also observes that the melt breccia overlying the granitoid bedrock also occurs as pocket-like patches at various depths within the granitoids. Thus, the present findings have helped in understanding the attributes of the basement granitoid and associated melt breccia, thereby linking the genesis of the latter by selective melting of the former, due to the process of impact. It reinforces the already propounded theory of impact as the likely cause for the development of the structure in the basement Bundelkhand granitoid that was later filled by sediments standing out presently as a mesa.
A Method for Estimating Crack-initiation Stress of Rock Materials by Porosity
Authors: Basu A. , Mishra D. A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Crack-initiation stress of a rock under compression is the stress level that marks the initiation of the rock microfracturing process or in other words, the onset of new damage to the rock. This paper proposed a simple methodology with justifications to explore the feasibility of using total and effective porosities as estimators of crack-initiation stress of brittle crystalline rock materials under uniaxial compression. The validity/applicability of the proposed method was examined by an experimental study of granitic materials from Malanjkhand, Madhya Pradesh. It was found that effective porosity depicts better correlation with crack-initiation stress than with uniaxial compressive strength of the granitic materials. On the other hand, total porosity does not show any perceptible correlation with uniaxial compressive strength and crack-initiation stress. Plausible reasons for the nature of the obtained results were also explained in view of rock failure process under compression. It is concluded that following the proposed method, effective porosity can be used as a physical index to obtain a quick estimate of crack-initiation stress of the investigated rocks empirically.
A Case of Normal Regression with Sea Level Transgression: Example from the Ganurgarh Shale, Vindhyan Basin, Maihar Area, M.P., India
Authors: Adnan Ali , Shukla U.K. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The Ganurgarh shale, a formation belonging to the Bhander Group of Vindhyan basin is investigated using field based detailed lithofacies and petrofacies analyses in order to interpret the depositional environment in a sequence stratigraphic context. Five major lithofacies have been recognized consisting of calcareous sandstones, laminated mudstones, rippled siltstones, red-grey shales and sandy limestones characterized by small to large-scale cross-bedding, ripple cross-lamination of wave and current origin, parallel lamination, low-angle horizontal bedding, flaser and lenticular bedding, mud-cracks, salt pseudomorphs, convolute bedding and load structures. The constituent lithofacies are recurring and grouped into three lithofacies associations where, the association A is composed of fining upwards and B with coarsening upwards cycles at the lower and middle levels of the succession respectively, are dominantly arenaceous whereas, the association C occurring at upper levels is fining upwards (FU) and becomes calcareous with meager representation of clastics. Petrographically, the section offers three main petrofacies viz., (a) sandstone- (b) siltstone- (c) sandy limestone-petrofacies. Lithofacies characters complimented with petrography show that deposition occurred within the shoreface (subtidal) to foreshore intertidal domain involving tidal flats with sub-environments ranging from intertidal to supratidal. However, lithofacies associations within the Ganurgarh shale of Maihar area represent a case of normal regression during sea level transgression. In the beginning, probably because of excessive sediment supply the sea level had a falling trend during an overall transgressive phase ultimately culminating into limestone sedimentation.
Revisit to Graphite-Tungsten Deposits of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Umathay Ramesh M. , Pophare Anil M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The graphite-tungsten deposits under consideration in this study are located in the Burugubanda, Pydiputta, Tapasikonda, Marripalem and Madyaratigudem areas of the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. These deposits were formed due to wide spread tectonothermal events associated with the evolution of Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt (EGMB). The graphite deposits of East Godavari district are epigenetic, rhombohedral fluid deposited type and are one of the four deposits of such type reported so far from Srilanka, Spain and England. The graphite deposits were formed due to granodioritic intrusion into the Narsipatnam shear zone, which caused migmatisation of khondalites along with mobilisation and concentration of graphite, as veins and lenses, into the graphite gneisses. The graphite gneisses were subsequently intruded by quartz rich pegmatites that were laden with tungsten mineralisation. The tungsten mineralisation occurs as thin bands, lenses, stringers and vein lets within the quartz matrix and also dispersed in the graphite gneisses. Inclusions of tungsten in graphite indicate that tungsten mineralisation succeeded graphite mineralisation. However, the low P-T phenomenon of tungsten (wolframite-ferberite) mineralisation resulted in low tenor of tungsten ore deposits (WO3: 0.10%). Rare earth elements (REE) are associated with tungsten mineralisation in these areas. During the present study, these graphite-tungsten deposits have been re-examined, in the backdrop of shelving graphite-tungsten projects in these areas. The feed for mineral beneficiation tests was decided on the basis of dispersion of tungsten in quartz and graphite rich fractions of the ore zone. The feed (ROM material) on beneficiation gave recovery of +75% graphite concentrate, tungsten concentrate of consistent chemical grade, besides recovery of sizeable REE concentrate. It also rendered use of unutilised graphite tailing dumps at beneficiation plants, thereby effecting conservation. Thus, the association of tungsten and REE with the entire graphite deposits along with their value addition during beneficiation, as by-product, revived opportunities to restart graphite mining in the Burugubanda, Pydiputta and Tapasikonda areas in particular and East Godavari district, in general, as an economically viable venture. This will initiate opening of graphite mines in other districts of Andhra Pradesh and energise economics of working graphite mines within EGMB, in the states of Jharkhand, Odisha and Tamil Nadu.
Geoelectric Model and Hydrochemistry of Salinity Affected Lower Atrai Floodplain Aquifer, NW Bangladesh: An Approach for Irrigation Management
Authors: Mazumder Q.H. , Jahan C.S. , Mazumder F. , Islam M.A. , Jaman S. , Ali M.N. , Rahaman A.T.M.S. , Arefin M.R. , Ahasan A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract:
In the salinity affected lower Atrai floodplain aquifer in the NW Bangladesh, geoelectric resistivity survey and hydrochemical analysis are carried out with an aim to identify fresh and saline groundwater zones; investigate the status of salinity; evaluate hydrochemical processes involved and suggest management approaches for irrigation. Here a two-fold aquifer system, inter-layered by silt, clay and silty-clay aquitard and aquiclude is classified as: upper aquifer - spatially affected by salinity of varying degrees; and lower aquifer - generally characterized by high salinity. The aquifer with resistivity values greater than 69 Ωm is safe for irrigation use. Concentrations of major ions vary as: Ca2+&gt;Na+&gt;Mg2+&gt;K+ and HCO3−&gt;Cl−&gt;NO3−&gt;SO42−. Groundwater is dominated by Na-Ca to Ca-Na, HCO3 -Cl-SO4, Cl-SO4 -HCO3 and Cl-SO42− facies where Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42−, HCO3−, Cl− and NO32− ion concentrations are statistically dominant and water is of Ca-Mg, HCO3-SO4-Cl and NO3 types. Geochemically, groundwater is hard and saline to fresh water type. Salinity increases with depth, but spatially towards the southern part. Groundwater quality is a product of water-rock interaction, direct mixing and marine spraying, or fall-out of airborne marine salts, where silicate weathering is the primary source of bivalent cations. Sediment provenance of alkaline earth silicates and higher concentrations of alkalis are derived from sources other than precipitation. In general partially or fully salinity affected upper and lower aquifers in the area except in its eastern part are not suitable for tubewell irrigation. As groundwater demand for irrigation is increasing, the saline water has progressively invaded relatively fresher parts of the aquifer by upconning. So, special salinity control management approaches can be adopted through engineering techniques such as groundwater abstraction optimization, as also through scientific behavioral approaches like groundwater demand management, salt tolerant crops production. In this context, surface water conservation and rain water harvesting for domestic and irrigational uses are recommended in the salinity affected area.
Environmental Impact on Coastal Wetlands since 4 ka in Cauvery Delta: Palynology and Thecamoebian Study
Authors: Srivastava Jyoti , Farooqui Anjum 
Published: October 2014

Abstract:
Palaeoclimate and Palaeoecological study was carried out in ~2 m sediment core deposited since 4 ka in an estuarine environment along Uppanar River mouth, Cauvery Delta. Palynological and thecamoebian evidences indicate (1) a basal fluvial lacustrine depositional environment (~4-3 ka) characterized by sandy sediment, with low salinity and dominance of non-pollen forms like foraminiferal linings and thecamoebians with a low percentage of pollen and spores and (2) an estuarine environment (since 3 ka) characterized by clayey sediment with high salinity and a good percentage of mangrove and terrestrial pollen along with non-pollen forms. A shift in the depositional environment since ~3 ka indicates monsoonal and geomorphological changes in the coastal wetland. During this period dominance of Avicennia and Cheno/Ams indicate low freshwater runoff from land suggesting a weakened monsoon condition enhanced by anthropogenic activity.
Interspecific Association of Heavy Minerals in Late Paleozoic Gondwana Sandstones of Singrauli Sub-basin, Central India: Implications for Provenance
Authors: Khan Zahid A. , Tewari Ram Chandra , Sharma Anshumali 
Published: October 2014

Abstract:
Heavy mineral analysis of the late Paleozoic Barakar and Raniganj sandstones from the Singrauli Gondwana sub-basin shows relative abundance of garnet, epidote, zircon, tourmaline and muscovite in the Raniganj Sandstone and epidote, garnet, rutile and tourmaline in the Barakar sandstones. Stratigraphically, the heavy mineral crops donot exhibit marked variation in their relative abundance, though garnet, epidote and muscovite form the bulk of the heavy minerals.
Significant interspecific association among heavy minerals and provenance of the Barakar and Raniganj sandstones are evaluated by using σ -M multivariate model. Quantitative result suggests that the Barakar Sandstone are characterized by the basic pair match significantly more than expected due to chance alone (p value &lt;&lt;0.05) are garnet-tourmaline and epidote-rutile, whereas, the succeeding Raniganj sandstone are characterized by zircon-rutile and epidote-garnet. These basic pairs may be regarded as interspecific association among the heavy minerals.
The basic pairs deduced from heavy mineral suites suggest that the source rocks of late Paleozoic Barakar and Raniganj sandstones have been principally derived from the acid plutonic rocks and low to high grade metasediments lying to the south and southeast of the Singrauli Gondwana sub-basin.