bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Tobacco streak virus Infecting Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) in India
Authors: Vemana K. , Goud T. E. Seshadri , Reddy D. L. , Venkateswarlu N. C. , Naik K. S. S. , Kumar D. Sampath , Padma latha Y. , Desai S. 
Published: August 2013

Pigeon pea is an important pulse crop grown in diversified cropping systems in India. In the rainy season of August 2011 and September 2012, pigeon pea cv. LRG 30 plants with leaf necrosis having wrinkled margin on one side were observed in Kadiri mandal of the Anantapuram district of Andhra Pradesh (A.P.), India. Symptoms included necrotic spots on young leaves followed by wilting of leaves, petiole and branch/axillary shoot proliferation, with small leaves having mosaic symptoms. Symptomatic leaves were sap-inoculated onto 10 seedlings of cowpea (cv. Pusa Komal) using 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Localized necrotic lesions developed in all the inoculated plants after 2 days post inoculation. Field symptoms were reproduced on healthy pigeon pea upon back inoculation using single lesions of infected cowpea leaves. In direct antigen coating (DAC)-ELISA, all the infected pigeon pea and cowpea leaf samples were positive to a polyclonal antiserum specific to Tobacco streak virus (TSV) supplied by ICRISAT, India. Total RNA was extracted using infected pigeon pea and healthy leaf samples by TRI Reagent (Sigma). Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was carried out using primers specific to the coat protein (CP) gene of TSV (1). A product of the 700-bp DNA fragment was obtained in field-infected pigeon pea samples but not in healthy controls. The amplicon was cloned into PTZ57R/T using the Ins TA clone PCR kit (Fermentas). Recombinant clone was sequenced in both directions and the CP gene sequence obtained was deposited in GenBank (KF220492). Sequence analysis of the CP gene of TSV from pigeon pea shared 98 to 100% identity with Indian TSV isolates originating from different hosts including groundnut (FJ355948), mung bean (FJ749259), and sunflower (DQ864448), and 88 to 92% similarity with TSV type isolate (white clover: X00435) both at nucleotide and amino acid levels. TSV belongs to the genus Ilarvirus of family Bromoviride and has a wide host range. TSV is pollen borne, assisted by thrips causing mechanical injury (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of TSV on pigeon pea in India and was widespread in Anantapuram, Kadapa, Kurnool, and Mahbubnagar districts of A.P. Yield loss depends on the stage of infection as early infection resulted in complete failure of the crop. TSV was prevalent on many legume crops such as black gram, green gram, and groundnut in A.P, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Maharashtra states (3). TSV infection of pigeon pea may pose a serious implication for pulse production. References: (1). A. I. Bhat et al. Arch. Virol. 147:651, 2002. (2). M. Sharman et al. Australian Plant Dis. 6:54, 2011. (3). K. Vemana and R. K. Jain. Indian J. Virol. 21:117, 2010.
First Report of Potato virus Y in Potato in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Damayanti T. A. , Alabi O. J. , Hidayat S. H. , Crosslin J. M. , Naidu R. A. 
Published: August 2013

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important vegetable crop in Indonesia. A small survey was conducted for virus diseases in November 2011 in Lembang, West Java, as part of assessing the sanitary status of potatoes produced in farmers' fields. Among the six potato fields surveyed, one field had nearly 20% of plants displaying stunted growth with leaves showing mild chlorotic spots and reduced size of lamina. Tubers harvested from symptomatic plants showed no necrosis symptoms. Symptomatic leaves from three representative potato plants were positive for Potato virus Y (PVY) when tested with PVY-specific immunostrips (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). Leaf samples from virus-positive plants were imprinted on FTA Classic Cards (Whatman International Ltd., Maidstone, UK), air dried, and shipped to Washington State University for confirmatory diagnostic tests. Total nucleic acids were eluted from FTA cards (1) and subjected to reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers (PVY/Y4A and PVY/Y3S) specific to the coat protein (CP) of PVY (3). Nucleic acid extracts from samples infected with PVY ordinary strain (PVYO), tuber necrosis strain (PVYNTN), tobacco veinal necrosis strains (PVYEU-N and PVYNA-N), and a recombinant strain (PVYN:O) were included as standards to validate RT-PCR assays. The approximately 480-bp DNA fragment, representing a portion of the CP, amplified in RT-PCR was cloned into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA). DNA isolated from four independent recombinant clones was sequenced from both orientations. Pairwise comparison of these sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. KF261310 to 13) showed 100% identity among themselves and 93 to 100% identity with corresponding sequences of reference strains of PVY available in GenBank (JQ743609 to 21). To our knowledge, this study represents the first confirmed report of PVY in potato in West Java, Indonesia. Studies are in progress to assess the prevalence of PVY in other potato-growing regions of Indonesia and document the presence of different strains of the virus (2). Since the majority of farmers in Indonesia plant seed selected from their previous potato crop, there is an increased risk of primary and secondary spread of PVY through the informal seed supply system, leading to its increased significance to potato production in Indonesia. Therefore, strengthening foundation seed potato and supply chain programs will promote the production of virus-free potatoes in Indonesia. References: (1) O. J. Alabi et al. Plant Dis. 96:107, 2012. (2) A. Karasev and S. M. Gray. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:7, 2013. (3) R. P. Singh et al. J. Virol. Methods 59:189, 1996.
First Report of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Epicoccum nigrum on Lablab purpureus in India
Authors: Mahadevakumar S. , Jayaramaiah K. M. , Janardhana G. R. 
Published: August 2013

Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet (Indian bean) is an important pulse crop grown in arid and semi-arid regions of India. It is one of the most widely cultivated legume species and has multiple uses. During a September 2010 survey, we recorded a new leaf spot disease on L. purpureus in and around Mysore district (Karnataka state) with 40 to 80% disease incidence in 130 ha of field crop studied, which accounted for 20 to 35% estimated yield loss. The symptoms appeared as small necrotic spots on the upper leaf surface. The leaf spots were persistent under mild infection throughout the season with production of conidia in clusters on abaxial leaf surface. A Dueteromyceteous fungus was isolated from affected leaf tissues that were surface sterilized with 2% NaOCl2 solution then washed thrice, dried, inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, and incubated at 28 ± 2°C at 12 h alternate light and dark period for 7 days. The fungal colony with aerial mycelia interspersed with dark cushion-shaped sporodochia consists of short, compact conidiophores bearing large isodiametric, solitary, muricate, brown, globular to pear shaped conidia (29.43 to 23.92 μm). Fungal isolate was identified as Epicoccum sp. based on micro-morphological and cultural features (1). Further authenticity of the fungus was confirmed by PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using ITS1/ITS4 universal primer. The amplified PCR product was purified, sequenced directly, and BLASTn search revealed 100% homology to Epicoccum nigrum Link. (DQ093668.1 and JX914480.1). A representative sequence of E. nigrum was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC568289.1). The isolated fungus was further tested for its pathogenicity on 30-day-old healthy L. purpureus plants under greenhouse conditions. A conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) was applied as foliar spray (three replicates of 15 plants each) along with suitable controls. The plants were kept under high humidity (80%) for 5 days and at ambient temperature (28 ± 2°C). The appearance of leaf spot symptoms were observed after 25 days post inoculation. Further, the pathogen was re-isolated and confirmed by micro-morphological characteristics. E. nigrum has been reported to cause post-harvest decay of cantaloupe in Oklahoma (2). It has also been reported as an endophyte (3). Occurrence as a pathogen on lablab bean has not been previously reported. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of E. nigrum on L. purpureus in India causing leaf spot disease. References: (1) H. L. Barnet and B. B. Hunter. Page 150 in: Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi, 1972. (2) B. D. Bruten et al. Plant Dis. 77:1060, 1993. (3) L. C. Fávaro et al. PLoS One 7(6):e36826, 2012.
Evaluation of Urea Reduction Ratio Estimated From the Integrated Value of Urea Concentrations in Spent Dialysate
Authors: Ozaki Masahiro , Hori Jun'ya , Okabayashi Tohru 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe propose a new apparatus and method to estimate accurate urea reduction ratio without influence of any rebound. For this purpose, we have developed an improved version of a chemiluminescence‐based urea sensor capable of measuring urea concentration in spent dialysate (CD) at 2‐min intervals. The correlation coefficient between the readouts of the sensor and the conventional enzyme‐UV method was 0.97 and the sensor was not affected by 9 mmol/L uric acid, creatinine, or ammonia. Using the urea sensor, CD was measured as a function of dialysis time t during dialysis sessions for various blood flow rates. The urea reduction ratio based on the mass of the urea reduced (mURR) was estimated from the integrated value of CD(t). When in vitro urea concentrations are measured during a dialysis session in model blood (urea solution) at a constant volume (V) in a vessel, the plots of mURR were congruous with theoretical curves of conventional URR calculated based on the one‐pool model, and thus the accuracy of mURR was confirmed. On the other hand, in in vivo measurements of CD(t) during dialysis treatment for two patients, the plots of the mURR were not congruous with the theoretical curves of URR. Such a difference between URR and mURR was explained by the deviation of actual dialysis from the one‐pool model, and it was concluded that mURR might be accurate under any dialysis condition.
Regional Variation in Hip Fracture Incidence Among Japanese Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Wakasugi Minako , Kazama Junichiro James , Wada Atsushi , Taniguchi Masatomo , Tsubakihara Yoshiharu , Iseki Kunitoshi , Narita Ichiei 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHip fracture incidence in Japanese hemodialysis patients is five‐fold higher than in the general population, although the mechanisms underlying this difference are not fully understood. Substantial regional variation exists in hip fracture incidence in the general Japanese population, despite a uniform health care and insurance system and lack of ethnic and racial variation. In this study, we determined whether the regional variation seen in the general population also applies to hemodialysis patients in Japan. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated for each regional district, and regional variations of hip fracture incidence among hemodialysis patients were evaluated using data obtained from the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy registry (data collected from December 2007 to December 2008). Standardized hip fracture incidence ratios across the districts ranged from 0.71 to 1.29 for male and 0.49 to 1.36 for female hemodialysis patients. Incidence ratios tended to be higher in western Japan and lower in eastern Japan, suggesting that regional variation also exists among hemodialysis patients. Our findings suggest that common risk factors for hip fracture may be shared among the general population and hemodialysis patients. Further research aimed at identifying factors, including those associated with regional variation, may help decrease hip fracture incidence in both the general population and hemodialysis patients in Japan.
A Strategy to Design Efficient Fermentation Processes for Traditional Beverages Production: Prickly Pear Wine
Authors: Navarrete‐Bolaños J.L. , Fato‐Aldeco E. , Gutiérrez‐Moreno K. , Botello‐Álvarez J.E. , Jiménez‐Islas H. , Rico‐Martínez R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper describes a methodology to establish an optimal process design for prickly pear wine production that preserves the peculiar and unique traits of traditional products, generating at the same time, technical information for appropriate design of both bioreactor and overall process. The strategy includes alcoholic fermentation optimization by the mixed native culture composed by Pichia fermentans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, followed by malolactic fermentation optimization by Oenococcus oeni. The optimization criteria were based on multiple output functions: alcohol content, volatile compounds profile, organic acids profile, and compound contents related to color, which were analyzed by spectroscopy–chromatography methods and sensory analysis. The results showed that the mixed culture inoculated into a bioreactor containing prickly pear juice with 20 °Bx of fermentable sugars concentration, processed at a constant temperature of 20 °C for 240 h, leads to a fermented product with 9.93% (v/v) total alcohol content, and significant abundance of volatile compounds, which provide fruity and ethereal aromatic notes, complemented by a lively but not unpleasant acidity. This young wine was further subjected to malolactic fermentation at constant temperature (16 °C) for 192 h, decreasing malic acid, and balancing volatile compounds contents, thus resulting in a product with better aroma and flavor perception, and a velvety feeling of long aftertaste. Repeated assays showed that the process is stable, predictable, controllable, and reproducible. These results were used for process design and spreadsheet construction in order to simulate the process, and properly select and size the equipment required for such process.
The Importance of Histopathological Diagnosis in the Management of Lesions Presenting as Peri‐Implantitis
Authors: Kaplan Ilana , Hirshberg Avraham , Shlomi Benjamin , Platner Ori , Kozlovsky Avital , Ofec Ronen , Schwartz‐Arad Devorah 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurposeThis study is a histopathological analysis of lesions clinically diagnosed as peri‐implantitis (PI).Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included microscopic findings in 117 peri‐implant biopsies from lesions presenting clinical and radiographic features of peri‐implantitis.ResultsThe study group included 117 biopsies, mean age 55.2 years; 60.9% of biopsies were from failing implants during explantation, the remaining from surviving implants. All cases showed microscopic evidence for inflammation; however, although 41% exhibited only nonspecific inflammation, 29.9% exhibited actinomyces‐related inflammation, 18.8% pyogenic granuloma (PG), and 10.3% giant cell granuloma (GCG). Differences in implant failure rates between pathological diagnostic groups were not statistically significant. Lesions with simple inflammation could not be distinguished clinically or radiographically from the potentially destructive lesions.ConclusionsThere were no clinical features which could distinguish PI with simple inflammation from potentially destructive lesions mimicking PI, such as GCG, PG, and actinomycosis. However, to control GCG and PG surgical procedures would be recommended, actinomycosis would indicate specific antibiotics, whereas in nonspecific inflammation, these measures may not be indicated. The results of the present study provide evidence for the importance of early microscopic examination of lesions presenting clinically as peri‐implantitis, a step toward more accurate diagnosis and improved treatment of PI and lesions mimicking PI.
Easy‐to‐use online referral test detects most patients with a high familial risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Dekker N. , Hermens R. P. M. G. , Mensenkamp A. R. , van Zelst‐Stams W. A. G. , Hoogerbrugge N. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimCurrently only 12–30% of individuals with a high risk of Lynch syndrome, the most common hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome, are referred for genetic counselling. We assessed the sensitivity, usability and user experiences of a new online referral test aimed at improving referral of high‐risk individuals for genetic counselling.MethodSensitivity was assessed by entering pedigree data from high‐risk individuals (i.e. Lynch syndrome mutation carriers) into the referral test to determine whether genetic counselling was recommended. For usability, we assessed nonmedical staff members' ability to determine referral, according to guidelines, in seven fictive clinical cases using the referral test after minimal training. Real‐life users answered questions about their experience with the referral test.ResultSensitivity of the referral test was 91% for mutation carriers with CRC (n = 164) and 73% for all affected and nonaffected mutation carriers (n = 420). Nonmedical staff members (n = 20) determined referral according to guidelines in 84% of cases using the referral test. Ten per cent (256/2470) of real‐life users provided feedback about experiences; of those, 71% reported that the referral test increased reassurance, certainty about their familial risk and/or certainty about referral.ConclusionThe referral test has a high sensitivity in detecting individuals with a high risk of Lynch syndrome and is suitable for use in clinical practice. Widespread use of the referral test should improve cancer prevention in high‐risk patients and their relatives.
Medical malpractice claims in relation to colorectal malignancy in the National Health Service
Authors: Markides G. A. , Newman C. M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimUnder the current increased financial constraints affecting the National Health Service (NHS), clinical negligence claims and associated compensations are constantly rising. Our aim was to identify the magnitude, trends and causes of malpractice claims in relation to a common pathology such as colorectal malignancy in the NHS.MethodData requests were submitted to the NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA) and to the Medical Defence Union (MDU) and Medical Protection Society (MPS). Data were reviewed, categorized clinically and analysed in terms of causes and costs behind claims.ResultsData from the MPS and MDU were unavailable. In all, 169 claims were identified from the NHSLA database between 2003 and 2012; 123 (73%) cases had been closed, 80 (65%) of which were successful. An increasing overall claim frequency and success rate were found over the last few years. Total litigation expenses were £8.6 million, with 39% paid out as legal expenses. The commonest cause of complaint in successful claims was in relation to diagnostic delays or failures (58%, £5.1 million), with a delay or failure by the clinician to take action in response to an abnormal investigation result being a major factor. The occurrence of peri‐operative complications (20%, £1.6 million) was the second commonest cause.ConclusionAverage frequency and success rates of malpractice claims in secondary care in the NHS are rising, leading to significant overall payouts. The failure or delay in diagnosing colorectal malignancy or its postoperative complications is a common cause behind malpractice claims. Improvement in these areas could enhance patient care and reduce future claims.
759. STRUMARIA PHONOLITHICA
Authors: Duncan Graham 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe deciduous geophyte Strumaria phonolithica Dinter is a late autumn‐flowering species endemic to southwestern Namibia, with a beautiful outspread fan of leaves and scented white, funnel‐shaped blooms. A description and details of its history, taxonomy, habitat and cultivation are given, accompanied by a watercolour painting.
Are wages equal across sectors of production?
Authors: Schmillen Achim 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe assumption that national labour markets are homogeneous across tradable and non‐tradable goods is common in multisector (open‐economy) macro models and crucial for the prominent Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis. To test it, this study introduces a novel, theory‐based method of distinguishing the tradable and non‐tradable sectors to the Balassa–Samuelson literature and employs modern empirical methods and a large and detailed macro dataset. It finds that both the internal relationship between productivity and wages in the tradable and non‐tradable sectors postulated by the Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis and its external transmission mechanism are rejected.
Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke Occurring during Hospitalization for Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Tsivgoulis Georgios , Sharma Vijay K. , Mikulik Robert , Krogias Christos , Haršány Michal , Shahripour Reza Bavarsad , Athanasiadis Dimitrios , Teoh Hock Luen , Piperidou Charitomeni , Alexandrov Andrei V. 
Published: August 2013

Background There are limited data regarding the use of intravenous thrombolysis in patients who experienced acute ischemic symptoms during their hospitalization for prior transient ischemic attack. Aim We sought to prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke occurring during hospitalization for transient ischemic attack in an international, multicenter study. Methods Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke that occurred during hospitalization for prior transient ischemic attack were treated with intravenous thrombolysis in five tertiary-care stroke centers. Early arterial recanalization was determined by transcranial Doppler at the end of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator infusion using previously validated criteria. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage complicating intravenous thrombolysis was evaluated using the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study definition. Functional independence at three-months was defined as Modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2. Results Systemic recombinant tissue plasminogen activator infusion (median onset-to-treatment time 70 mins, interquartile range 50–150) was given in 25 consecutive patients (mean age 66 ± 10 years) who developed acute ischemic stroke symptoms (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 10 points; interquartile range 8–14) during hospitalization for prior transient ischemic attack (median ABCD2 score 5 points; median time-to-symptom recurrence 24 h, interquartile range 24–48). No symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (0%; 95% confidence interval 0–12%) was documented. Early complete recanalization occurred in 64% of patients (95% confidence interval 44–80%), and 84% (95% confidence interval 65–94%) achieved three-month functional independence. The rate of three-month functional independence was higher in patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator within 90 mins from symptom onset compared with those with onset-to-treatment time>90 mins (81% vs. 33%; P = 0·031). Conclusions Intravenous thrombolysis for symptoms of acute ischemic stroke occurring after hospitalization for transient ischemic attack appears to be safe. These pilot data support resetting the clock if new symptoms recur shortly after transient ischemic attack.